bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Knowledge and Practice Regarding the Management of Dysmenorrhea Among Students at University of Namibia Rundu Campus
Authors: Dengeingei Tonata , Uusiku Laura , Tuhadeleni Olivia N , Lifalaza Alice
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhea is a common gynaecological condition that affects the daily activities of the women who suffer from it. In the education context, female students often have to spend long hours at clinics or doctors’ appointments due to dysmenorrhoea, thus having to miss lectures when dysmenorrhea impacts adversely on their studies and academic performance. Purpose: This study sought to determine the knowledge and practice of female students at the University of Namibia, Rundu campus regarding the management of dysmenorrhea

METHODOLOGY: A quantitative study was employed using a non-experimental, cross-sectional approach. The non-probability sampling method was used with convenient sampling being employed. A total of 303 fulltime female students from the University of Namibia, Rundu Campus were selected to participate in the study. Of the 303 students selected 295 completed the open-ended questionnaires which they were given. The data from the questionnaires was analysed manually and the findings presented in the form of tables, graphs and pie charts.

RESULTS: The study found that dysmenorrhea was affecting 88.1% of the students at the University of Namibia, Rundu Campus. In addition, there was evidently a lack of knowledge on the management of dysmenorrhea, as 46% only of the participants appeared to possess adequate knowledge on the management of dysmenorrhea. The study also found that approximately 54.2% of the participants sought medical assistance when experiencing dysmenorrhea, 30.8% used home remedies of which 91.3% were effective, 12.3% used traditional herbs of which 90.6% were effective, while 25.3% exercised or did other activities in order to relieve pain.

CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that dysmenorrhea was affecting the majority of female students on Rundu Campus although only a few of them possessed adequate knowledge on the management of dysmenorrhea and only about half (46%) of the respondents sought medical help. Recommendation: The findings indicated the need for the university to build a clinic on campus and to organise student wellness programmes which included the management of dysmenorrhoea.
Depression and Anxiety Disorders in a Sample of Saudi Persons with Brain Tumor
Authors: Al-Anazi Abdulrahman , Bari Saleh Maan A. , Awadalla Abdel W. , Bawazir Amen A. , Ammar Ahmed , Alluwimi Ibrahim , Alanazi Feras , Barayan Samar , Elfaki Abdelaziz M.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety (DA) are common in persons with brain tumor (PBT) and are associated with neurocognitive deficits. The terms DA and affective disorders are often used interchangeably in this study. Objective: This was a pilot study, conducted with the purpose of better assessing DA symptoms in association with socioeconomic and clinical characteristics in PBT.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of PBT (N = 102), recruited from a neurosurgical department. The tools employed were the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The self-rating instruments proved feasible and reliable in screening for the severity of DA symptoms. The HADS is designed to measure the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in non-psychiatric hospital outpatients and does not assess the common somatic symptoms of these two disorders. The BDI-II evaluates the severity of depressive symptoms with items related to physical symptoms.

RESULTS: Although our study did not, for the most part, yield results of statistical significance, it, however, demonstrated that anxiety and depressive disorders existed in PBT, showing a relatively higher rate in age groups 30–49 years.

CONCLUSION: It was unclear whether these symptoms were invalidated by response bias, participant’s functional status, natural reaction to a fearing situation or just presentation of pseudodepression arose as a result of organic deficits. There is a need for further research to examine these factors.
A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Motivators and Barriers to Physical Activity Participation Among Hospital Workers
Authors: Al-Mohannadi Abdulla Saeed , Albuflasa Abdulla M. , Sayegh Suzan , Salman Ahmad , Farooq Abdulaziz
Published: July 2020

The workplace is an ideal setting to implement an effective health-promoting program. Insufficient information exists regarding the motivators and barriers to physical activity among working adults in Qatar. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the motivators and barriers to physical activity among adults in a healthcare setting. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an orthopaedic and sports medicine hospital. The participants were Qatari and non-Qatari adult staff (n = 100), who were recruited by word of mouth. They filled out self-administered questionnaires consisting of questions on age, gender, nationality, medical conditions, and the motivators (external, health/medical, and engagement) and barriers (personal, perceptual, and time constraint) to participating in physical activity. The characteristics of participants were: Age (<35 years, 50.5%; ≥35 years, 49.5%), Gender (men, 47.5%; women, 52.5%), Nationality (Qatari, 51%; non-Qatari, 49%), and health status (healthy, 53%; ≥1 medical condition, 47%). Common motivators particularly among workers <35 years, were the desire to maintain weight/shape (83.5%), participating in a sport (67.7%), and getting out of the house (64.2%). Common barriers to exercise were weather (84.9%) and family responsibilities (84.4%). Other barriers, particularly among women, were difficulty in maintaining a routine (82.1%) and finding physical activity uninteresting (52.7%). The most common motivator to physical activity was the desire to maintain weight/shape and the main perceived barrier was the usual hot weather conditions most part of the year). Employers may need to consider the influence of these and other factors to improve the success of a physical activity program implemented in a workplace.
Epidemiology of Long Bone Fractures in the Elderly and Treatment Outcome with Interlocking Nailing in Southwest of Nigeria
Authors: Esan Oluwadare , Oladosu M. A. , Ikem I. C. , Orimolade E. A. , Adegbehingbe O. O.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: According to the literature, long bone fractures are not common in the elderly, with fractures occurring as a result of low energy and trivial falls. While epidemiological studies of long bone fractures in elderly patients in developed countries are scarce, it is almost non-existent in resource-poor location. Hence, this study of the patterns and presentation of long bone fractures amongst the elderly population in an African poor resource setting and their short-term outcomes following operative intervention

METHODOLOGY: This was a retrospective study involving 48 patients who were 60 years and above and had intramedullary nailing for their long bone fractures. Biodata and other variables of interest such as fracture aetiology, level, type, infection, union and further surgeries were extracted. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was inferred at p<0.05.

RESULT: Forty-eight interlocking nailings done in the elderly patients who were 60 years old and above over a 15-year period (February 2004 -January 2019) were retrieved. The average age was 70.0 ± 7.51 years, with 56.3% as females. Closed fractures accounted for 75%, while the mechanism of injury was mostly Road Traffic Accident {RTA} (70.8%). Non-union was significantly related to the level of fracture, p = 0.04. While the infection rate was related to the type of fracture (open fractures), p = 0.02.

CONCLUSION: Elderly long bone fractures followed majorly Road traffic accident (motorcycle-pedestrian) in resource-poor setting. for which most of the fractures united. The adverse outcome was associated with open fractures and proximal fractures.
Implication of Natal Care and Maternity Leave on Child Morbidity: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Turkson Danny , Ahiabor Joy Kafui
Published: July 2020

The aim of government with the help of the Ghana Health Service (GHS) and other stakeholders has been to reduce the level of child morbidity which leads to child mortality in Ghana. This study on natal care and its implication on child morbidity would help the government in formulating appropriate policies to curb this problem. This study uses Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) which is an infection of the lungs and respiratory tract as a proxy for child morbidity. The specific aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of Natal Care (Antenatal care, Delivery care and Post-natal care) and Maternity leave on Child Morbidity. The study employed data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (2014) using the Probit estimation method to estimate the health, demographic and income factors that influence child morbidity in Ghana. It shows evidence that some stages of natal care, unpaid maternity leave, and other demographic factors have a significant impact on child morbidity in Ghana. Specifically, failure to receive post-natal care within first week of delivery causes a 3% increase in the possibility of ARI in children under five. The study also shows that a mother’s income determines her health care purchases; in that an unpaid maternity leave causes a 3.9% increase in the possibility of ARI in children under five compared to a paid maternity leave.
Miang Culture: The Community Resources Management Through “Design-Based Learning” for Self-Reliance of Highland Communities in the Upper Northern Thailand
Authors: Piriyatachagul Grit , Phuwanatwichit Thongchai , Mangkhang Charin , Sarobol Atchara
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe the formation of Miang resource management of the highland communities in the Upper Northern Thailand through design-based learning which is the mechanism to learning the management of the communities’ resource for self-reliance derived from the solid and strong foundation of the communities. The method utilized in the quality research, collecting the information from the documentary study, participatory and non-participatory observation, and the deep interview with the community philosopher, and the data is analyzed by using the content analysis method. The research found that most of the highland communities in the Upper Northern Thailand located at the west of Phi Pan Nam Mountains have a lifestyle that connects with the participatory Miang resource management, have wisdom which is the innovation of design-based learning for self-reliance of the communities through the accumulating and the transfer of the knowledge from generation to a generation called “Miang Culture” which is created from the systematic design-based learning process through the wisely utilization of Miang resource existing in the community, and to cause the maximum sustainability based on the participation of the community without causing the trouble or breaching other’s right.
Evaluation of Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Cocoa Pulp Beverage Supplemented with Pineapple Juice
Authors: O. Afolabi, , O. Ibitoye, , F. Agbaje,
Published: July 2020

One of the major unutilized by-products of cocoa is cocoa mucilage (pulp). Cocoa pulp can be fortified with nutrients such as vitamins from other sources or the juice can be blended with other fruit juices from fruits such as pineapple that are good sources of vitamins. The objective of this study is to produce Cocoa pulp beverage supplemented with pineapple juice. Cocoa Pulp (CP) was used to replace Pineapple juice (PJ) at 0, 50, 60 70, 80, 90 and 100% levels. The nutritional and sensory properties of the CP+PJ beverages were evaluated. The CP beverage contained increasing levels of calcium, iron, fat and phosphorus with increased levels of CP in the blend but lower amounts of protein, carbohydrates and vitamin C than the PJ. In the CP+PJ blends there were not any significantly effect on the pH, ash and crude fiber contents. However, Titratable Acidity increased from 5.43 to 5.92%. Of all the blends, the 50% PJ mixture received the best evaluation from panelists-higher sensory ratings-next to the 100% PJ that was the best performer in the tests. Incorporation of cocoa pulp in the new beverages added value to the cocoa by-product and offers new options of easy, convenient and highly nutritive beverages for children and adult at the local level.
PERFORMING BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS AND OTHER FORENSIC ACTIVITIES ON CASES RELATED TO CORONAVIRUS DISEASES (COVID-19)
Authors: Choromański Kacper
Published: July 2020

Bloodstain pattern analysis is inseparably present in forensic genetics, crime scene investigation, the examination of evidence, and paper casework. It times of pandemic related to COVID-19 it is crucial to be aware of obstacles, barriers, and threats that await every expert who deals with forensic biological material. This new situation is an excellent time to go back and point out what are the primary guidelines that reduce the contamination of evidence and increase the protection of practitioners and experts during their work. Some evident principles that exist during crime scene investigation should be used in a more safe environment. The main goal of this article is to show what is the primary indicator that will help to reduce the danger of contamination by Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) during the prosecution of work. Bloodstain pattern analysis is a vast discipline. Other experts can use guidelines that will be shown in this article. Numerous forensic fields can benefit from this information. Subjects such as fingerprint, trace evidence, ballistics, forensic genetics, an examination of the evidence on a crime scene or during paper casework, even handwriting during crime scene investigation.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN POLAND AND UKRAINE IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCOPE
Authors: Koval Iryna , Turchenko Olha , Derkach Ella
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an overview of the recent development in cross-border cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the socio-economic scope and policy issues relating to cross-border regions. The authors focus on the evolution of the framework concerning the formation of Euroregions with particular reference to the issues connected to cross-border projects in such regions. In addition, the recommendations are proposed in order to identify some directions for future actions to be taken to promote the innovative development of such cooperation between Ukraine and Poland, taking into account the economic and political peculiarities of both countries.
O POTRZEBACH ZMIAN POLSKIEJ USTAWY Z DNIA 7 LIPCA 1994 R. O GWARANTOWANYCH PRZEZ SKARB PAŃSTWA UBEZPIECZENIACH EKSPORTOWYCH
Authors: Mazur Katarzyna , Stolarczyk Piotr , Zwoliński Tomasz
Published: July 2020

Właściwy system instytucjonalny oraz odpowiednie regulacje mogą odgrywać istotną rolę w wspieraniu eksportu,
w szczególności w zakresie dostępności finansowania eksportu. W Polsce Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. o gwarantowanych przez Skarb Państwa ubezpieczeniach eksportowych (tj. Dz.U. z 2020 r., poz. 1135) jest ważnym aktem prawnym kształtującym system wsparcia eksportu. Przeprowadzona analiza zapisów ustawy wskazuje potrzebę wielu zmian, które zdaniem autorów doprowadzą do wzmocnienia systemu finansowania eksportu w Polsce. Zmiany te dotyczą katalogu produktów oraz ich dostępności, a ich szybkie przeprowadzenie zdaniem autorów przełoży się większe wykorzystanie instrumentów wsparcia eksportu. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, dlaczego dla rozbudzenia szerszego zainteresowania rynku oficjalnym wsparciem eksportu konieczna jest gruntowna nowelizacja tej Ustawy oraz przedstawienie propozycji zmian regulacji, które doprowadzą do wzmocnienia systemu wsparcia eksportu w Polsce.
MODELS OF SURROGACY REGARDING ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LEGAL PARENTHOOD OF THE INTENDED PARENTS
Authors: Dufalová Lenka
Published: July 2020

Today, surrogacy is becoming a more common method of procreation. Comparing to the adoption, surrogacy enables intended parents to become parents of the child genetically related to them. The existence of a genetic link between the child and the intended parents is one of the reasons surrogacy is becoming more popular than adoption. However, there are no rules at the international level governing surrogacy in general, or international surrogacy. Each country is free to set its own rules regarding surrogacy. Some countries ban surrogacy, others have explicit legislation allowing it. This legislation varies from state to state and it is creating different models of surrogacy. In the article, we have focused on the research of different models of surrogacy regarding the establishment of legal parenthood of the intended parents. Those models can be described as an ex-ante model, ex-post model, and hybrid model. Distinguishing criterion for our differentiation is whether the court´s or other state authority´s decision on legal parenthood of the intended parents is delivered before the conception, eventually the birth of the child, or after its birth. Paper evaluates how each model works and what are its cons and pros.
WOMEN LEADERS, VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE:A PHENOMENOLOGY
Authors: Serrano-Quijan Elizabeth Joy o
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to give light to the experiences of working women and women leaders who are also victims of domestic violence. This study may inspire women from all walks of life and to give voice to the abused women to stand for their rights in advancing gender equality and development. Five informants from Matanao, Davao del Sur were selected through purposive sampling on February 18, 2017, for an in-depth interview. The research design employed in this study was phenomenology as it explained well the experiences and perspectives of women leaders on domestic violence. The results of the interview were transcribed, translated, and coded to produce themes. Several issues escalated as regards to the narratives of working women leaders who are abused at home, the following were the themes: anxiety and signs of depression, prejudice, low self-esteem, and poor disposition, and resilience. As to their insights that they can share with other women and to the academe: disputing chauvinism, the optimistic outlook in life, faith in God, tenets on leadership, and gender distinctions.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, SMART URBANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS FOR GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sarangi Unmana
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
The research study entitled ‘Global Environment, Climate Change, Smart Urbanization and International Environment Laws for Global Sustainable Development’ focuses on the issues relating to the global environment, climate change, smart urbanization and the international environmental laws that determine these global indicators in achieving sustainable development goals and in trying to assess the linkages and implications of these macro variables as key determinants of the global environment and climate change. Thus, the problem associated with this research study is a global phenomenon that definitely has national, sub-national, and regional implications/ramifications across economies. These macro variables are scientific and practical determinants of the way global economies move forward and the problems encountered by various economies in the light of the global environment, climate, and rapid smart urbanization changes. Hence, the research problem which the research study focuses on is a realistic and practical one that encompasses, covers, and determines the major macro aspects of the global economies. The aspects dealt in the research study covers among others issues such as global environment, climate change, smart urbanization, and international environmental laws, IPCC, Paris Agreement on Climate Change and NDCs, promoting climate-resilient smart and rapid urbanization, exploration of climate change legislation, global environmental governance systems to promote peace, justice and development and in fulfillment of environmental and human rights connected with it, etc., The most important conclusions drawn from the research study is that United Nations has been playing a major role as the unique international organization which has been making all-out efforts to mitigate climate change, adopt climate-resilient measures for effective, smart and rapid urbanization in cities, reshaping these measures to attain global sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and in impacting global infrastructure for global sustainable development.
WDRAŻANIE ROZWIĄZAŃ EKOLOGICZNYCH W OPARCIU O PRAWO OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA NA PRZYKŁADZIE PAŃSTWOWEGO GOSPODARSTWA LEŚNEGO LASY PAŃSTWOWE
Authors: Bartniczak Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

W związku z postępującymi zmianami klimatu związanymi z zanieczyszczeniem środowiska i działalnością człowieka, wprowadzane są krajowe i międzynarodowe akty prawne, które mają za zadanie prowadzić do transformacji społeczno-gospodarczej państw. Globalne problemy środowiskowe są obserwowane i badane przez naukowców od XIX wieku. W literaturze pojawia się coraz więcej pozycji na temat wpływu owych anomalii na różne gałęzi naukowe, od geodezji, biologii, medycyny, po kulturę, prawo i ekonomię. Organizacje ponadnarodowe od drugiej połowy XX wieku prowadzą aktywne działania na rzecz poprawy globalnej sytuacji ekologicznej. Polska, jako członek ONZ i Unii Europejskiej jest zobowiązana do przestrzegania narzuconych jej praw oraz limitów, co wpływa na funkcjonujące jednostki w jej obrębie. Zmiany prawne wywołały potrzebę wdrażania rozwiązań ekologicznych w przedsiębiorstwach i organizacjach rządowych. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie możliwości adaptacyjnych przedsiębiorstw do zmieniających się przepisów prawa w zakresie ekologii. By zaadaptować nową politykę proekologiczną, podmioty gospodarcze szukają przydanych rozwiązań, które mogą wcielić do prowadzonej strategii. Świeżego podejścia do problemu mogą szukać za pomocą benchmarkingu. Przykładem na sprawne wdrażanie rozwiązań ekologicznych jest funkcjonowanie Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe, którego programy mogą stanowić wzór do zaadaptowania wśród innych podmiotów. Do analizy opracowanego tematu posłużono się metodą harwardzką. Wartością naukową tekstu jest przegląd aktów normatywnych oraz obserwacja działań dostosowawczych przedsiębiorstwa w odniesieniu do owych praw. Wartością praktyczną jest ukazanie możliwości zmian w strategii przedsiębiorstw, które będą zgodne z normami ustanowionymi przez nowe prawa ekologiczne, a także zwiększenie świadomości społecznej odnośnie problemu zanieczyszczenia środowiska.
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ ADAPTACYJNA ALA GORE'A W PODEJŚCIU DO BEZPIECZEŃSTWA EKOLOGICZNEGO
Authors: Borowska Donata
Published: July 2020

Al Gore to soft power polityki światowej, którego działalność na rzecz bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego została uhonorowana, kiedy w 2006r. zdobył Oskara za film dokumentalny „Niewygodna prawda”, a w 2007r. otrzymał Pokojową Nagrodą Nobla. Były 45. wiceprezydent USA to protekcjonista przełomu XX/XXI wieku na rzecz walki z negatywnymi skutkami globalnego ocieplenia. W dobie współczesnych zagrożeń pogarsza się stan środowiska świata, gdzie z jednej strony mamy do czynienia z brakiem realizacji zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju, a z drugiej z cywilizacyjną katastrofą ekologiczną. Al Gore w swojej działalności edukacyjnej mówi o braku: rozumu, logiki i prawdy. W jego ujęciu zwyciężają media elektroniczne ze swoim przekazem „osobistych odczuć” w analizowaniu decyzji USA, które są związane m.in. z brakiem bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego w Afryce. Działalność adaptacyjna Ala Gore'a związana jest z propagowaniem i przestrzeganiem ekologicznych postaw życia i dla życia - to wartość naukowa i praktyczna w odniesieniu do bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego świata. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie w ujęciu politologiczno - prawnym problemu bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego w działalności edukacyjnej byłego 45. wiceprezydenta USA, w zakresie wprowadzenia ograniczeń służących zmniejszaniu negatywnych skutków globalnego ocieplenia dzięki stale prowadzonemu polemicznemu dyskursowi. Zastosowanie metody analizy decyzyjnej pozwoli na przedstawienie decyzji podejmowanych przez Ala Gore'a. Metoda ta przy specyfice artykułu posłuży do identyfikacji celów byłego 45. wiceprezydenta USA przedstawianych w jego działaniach adaptacyjnych związanych z bezpieczeństwem ekologicznym, a następnie do wskazania sytuacji, które doprowadziły do podjęcia danych decyzji i jego wyboru działania.
ULGI PODATKOWE STYMULUJĄCE ROZWÓJ INNOWACYJNOŚCI W LATACH 2006-2018
Authors: Wojas Wanda
Published: July 2020

Podatki realizują w każdym państwie określone funkcje, przez które rozumie się sposób oddziaływania na gospodarkę kraju w powiązaniu z rezultatami tego oddziaływania. W gospodarce rynkowej wyróżnia się dwie grupy funkcji: fiskalne i pozafiskalne. Podstawową funkcją podatków jest funkcja fiskalna, której realizacja zapewnia wpływy z podatków do budżetu państwa lub jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Wśród funkcji pozafiskalnych podatków wymienia się funkcję stymulującą. Zadaniem funkcji stymulującej jest skłanianie podmiotów prawa podatkowego do określonego działania. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest analiza wpływu funkcji stymulującej w podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych w zakresie skłaniania polskich korporacji do określonego działania polegającego na rozwoju innowacyjności. W wyniku tej analizy wskazano na to, że od 2006 roku w przepisach prawa podatkowego w Polsce wprowadzono możliwość pomniejszania podstawy opodatkowania o poniesione wydatki na nabycie nowych technologii a następnie od 2016 roku poniesione koszty prac badawczo-rozwojowych. Uzyskano odpowiedzi na postawione pytania badawcze w zakresie liczby podatników korzystających z tych ulg, ich wysokości, relacji w stosunku do strat podatkowych oraz ich skutku budżetowego w latach 2006-2018. Celem przedstawienia kluczowych zagadnień podjętego tematu, wyjaśnienia szczególnie istotnych zależności, powiązań, korelacji zachodzących między składowymi problematyki zastosowano głównie analizę danych i metodę opisową. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje głównie na to, że w polskim systemie podatkowym w badanych latach preferencje w formie ulg podatkowych skierowane były dużo bardziej na przedsiębiorstwa osiągające straty podatkowe niż na te, które chcą angażować się w innowacyjne przedsięwzięcia.
EWOLUCJA DANIN PUBLICZNYCH A ZASADA SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI PODATKOWEJ
Authors: Bogacki Sylwester
Published: July 2020

Głównym celem pracy jest przedstawienie ewolucji danin publicznych na przykładzie podatków majątkowych. Celem dodatkowym jest przedstawienie rynkowych reakcji podatników na opodatkowanie z uwzględnieniem zasady sprawiedliwości opodatkowania. Jako główną metodę badawczą zastosowano indukcję. Polega ona na wyprowadzeniu ogólnych wniosków czy też ustaleniu prawidłowości na podstawie analizy empirycznej stwierdzonych zjawisk i procesów. Jest to typ wnioskowania na podstawie szczegółów o właściwościach ogólnych zjawiska czy przedmiotu. Daniny publiczne są zaliczane do ciężarów i świadczeń publicznych. W kategoriach ustawowych (ustawa z dnia 27 sierpnia 2009 r. o finansach publicznych, Dz. U. 2009 nr 157 poz. 1240) daniny publiczne są rodzajem dochodów publicznych, stanowiących jeden ze składników środków publicznych, gromadzonych w celu pokrycia wydatków publicznych oraz rozchodów publicznych. Do danin publicznych zaliczamy pięć rodzajów świadczeń: podatki, składki, opłaty, wpłaty z zysku przedsiębiorstw państwowych i jednoosobowych spółek skarbu państwa oraz inne świadczenia pieniężne spełniające dwie cechy: po pierwsze – ponoszone na rzecz państwa, jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, państwowych funduszy celowych oraz innych jednostek sektora finansów publicznych, po drugie – których obowiązek ponoszenia wynika z ustawy. Daniny publiczne są elementem charakterystycznym każdego systemu prawnego, a ich ewolucja jest efektem zmian społeczno-gospodarczych oraz ewolucji systemów podatkowych poszczególnych krajów. Szczególnie ciekawa wydaje się ewolucja danin publicznych na przykładzie podatków majątkowych. Analizie poddano także reakcje rynkowe podatników na opodatkowanie, z uwzględnieniem zasady sprawiedliwości opodatkowania.
SPECIFICS OF THE IDEA OF PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR IMPROVING THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE
Authors: Kostenko Diana
Published: July 2020

Today the Ukrainian state is implementing the public administration reform according to European and international standards. This circumstance determines the need to study the problems of the theory and practice of public administration of national security. By the efforts of domestic scientists, namely: V. Abramov, O. Bortnikova, O. Zozula, H. Savranska, M. Shevchenko, the issue of implementing the participatory function of the national security system of Ukraine is being developed. Today, there are still few works that address the issues of improving the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine based on the implementation of the idea of participatory management. The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the conceptual idea of participatory management as a theoretical prerequisite for improving the national security system of Ukraine. The article analyzes the phenomenon of public administration, examines the structure and functions of the national security system, and defines the problems of organizing participatory management in the field of national security of Ukraine. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and institutional approach were used to solve the research problems. The essence of the idea of participatory management, which consists of the integrity of the management process from the identification of the interests of the individual, community, society to the evaluation of the results of their solutions, is clarified. It is proved that the effective implementation of the participatory function of the national security system solves the problem of public participation in political decision-making and control over the actions of the government, as well as contributes to improving the effectiveness of the national security system.
MEDIACJA JAKO ALTERNATYWNY SPOSÓB ROZWIĄZYWANIA SPORÓW PO TRANSFORMACJI USTROJOWEJ W POLSCE
Authors: Popik-Konarzewska Katarzyna
Published: July 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie instytucji mediacji z perspektywy upływu 30 lat od reformy ustrojowej w Polsce. Na wstępie zostało przedstawione znaczenie mediacji, jej założenia a także jej historia w polskim ustawodawstwie. Ponadto, poddano analizie instytucję mediacji w postępowaniu karnym, cywilnym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej znaczenia
w sprawach rodzinnych oraz w postępowaniu administracyjnym i sądowoadministracyjnym. W opracowaniu uwzględniono dane Informatora Statystycznego Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości, dotyczące liczby spraw kierowanych do mediacji w okresie kilkunastu lat od ich wprowadzenia do polskiego ustawodawstwa i wskazanie ich rosnącej popularności, jako alternatywnego sposobu rozwiązywania spornych spraw. Zwrócono także uwagę na aktualną problematykę kosztów mediacji, ponoszonych przez strony, w odniesieniu do jej założeń jakimi są m.in. dostępność mediacji oraz jej powszechność.
SOCIAL WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF CYBERBULLYING WITH REGARD TO SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Gejdoš Miroslav , Kováčiková Silvia
Published: July 2020

The aim of the undertaken topic is to analyze the phenomenon of cyberbullying in the context of social work, victimological problems, and the analysis of the online harassment process. The authors present the issue of cyberbullying in terms of definition and from the point of view of international researchers of this issue to highlight the possibility of discussing the topic of creating a social work profession in a school environment in the Slovak Republic. The authors identify participants in cyberbullying, i.e. an aggressor and a victim of cyberbullying from a social work perspective. The negative consequences of cyberbullying on the growth and development of children and youth and the social prevention of cyberbullying are shown in the article. Nowadays, in the Slovak Republic, ownership of a computer and constant Internet connection is no privilege. Everyone can use a computer, from children, students, and adults to seniors. Computers are almost everywhere. The possibilities of using the Internet are constantly expanding. For many people, computers become irreplaceable, some people are working via the Internet. Recently, social networks are becoming more and more popular, people come together in various virtual groups and share information about themselves. However, this increases the risk of misuse of information entrusted. It creates all sorts of phenomena, called cyberbullying.
INEVITABILITY OF CRIMINAL LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR FORMATION OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS AND IT`S ASSISTANCE: ON MATERIALS OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Knyzhenko Oksana , Markelova Anastasiia , Shamara Oleksandr
Published: July 2020

The question of the inevitability of criminal legal responsibility for the formation and assisting terrorist organizations in Ukraine is considered in this article. Based on statistical, deductive, and inductive research methods, an analysis of Ukraine's jurisprudence in this part is shown. The shortcomings of the current legislation of Ukraine are revealed and the ways of its improvement are suggested. The decision of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the prevention of terrorist acts is analyzed and proposals for improvement of activity of this legislative body are put forward.
CHALLENGING MOVES OF CIVIL SERVANTS FOR EFFICIENT SERVICE DELIVERY IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Islam Md Saiful
Published: July 2020

If a country's bureaucrats face difficulties during their activities, people will not get better public services. Unfortunately, civil servants of Bangladesh face barriers at their different service delivery levels. The study focuses on the challenges of civil servants in Bangladesh that they frequently face during their activities due to the various 'push and pull' factors. Also, it explores how those challenges are affecting the efficient service delivery system. The quantitative method was adopted, and data was collected via existing survey reports, official statistical records, and published sources. The study's result revealed that civil servants are fighting with immense challenges, and they are also manipulating the service delivery system. Using the 'push and pull' factors, the tendency of affecting the delivery system divided into the three streams, and Bangladesh civil service level of standing also identified. Therefore, the study recommends that all stockholders of government at all levels should care about the challenges of civil servants for ensuring more committed, good, and efficient public services.
STRATEGY OF CIVILIAN JOINT TASK FORCE MILITIA IN COMBATING BOKO HARAM IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Gana Modu Lawan
Published: July 2020

Since 2013, the northern region of Nigeria has witnessed the unprecedented mobilization of militia group Civilian Joint Task Force to aid combating the Islamic fundamentalist Boko Haram. The participation of the militia was reportedly successful in routing the insurgent. Before the CJTF, Boko Haram defied most of the counterinsurgency measures of the government including the military and the political approaches. However, despite the successes of the CJTF, the strategy that influences the successes was not adequately known. This article, therefore, investigated the strategy of the CJTF that influences its successes. The study was conducted using a qualitative method designed in a case study. Data were collected from thirteen informants through in-depth interviews supported by non-participant observation. The finding shows that CJTF is a kind of informal self-defense group that emerged in response to the inadequate protections by the State. The combating successes of the group were influenced by the information-centric approach of its campaign. Careful intelligence gathering and procession along with the sociocultural linkage of the participants and in-depth knowledge over the physical terrain emerged influential to the groups’ combating. The article recommended that the Nigerian government should re-strategize its existing conventional counterinsurgency approach to adapt to the population-centric paradigm. The government should also adopt palliative measures of promoting sustainable counter-insurgency that should focus on inclusive governance, accountability, and addressing socio-economic issues of poverty and unemployment with all levels of seriousness rather than sticking to the security-only campaign.
THE PRACTICE OF APPLYING THE REGULATIONS OF THE SUSPENSION OF RIGHTS OF A MEMBER STATE SHOWED ON THE EXAMPLE OF SELECTED INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Kubas Sabina
Published: July 2020

The suspension of rights in an international organization constitutes a sanction imposed on a Member State for its conduct contrary to the founding act. Each organization in its statutory provisions defines these behaviors, sometimes in a general way, otherwise - in more detail. It should be emphasized, however, that practical application of the regulations in both universal and regional organizations is helpful in this case. The consequence of initiating the suspension procedure is maintaining the current membership in the same form or introducing restrictions in this respect. These, in turn, may relate to the loss of voting rights, which can only apply to the organization's plenary body (e.g. the UN) or all main bodies, committees, commissions and subsidiary bodies (e.g. UNESCO). Suspension of rights may also apply to the right to services (WHO) or the right of representation (RE). It should also be borne in mind that suspension of rights applies only to some of them and lasts for a certain period.
ZNACZENIE DOROBKU PRAWNEGO FRANZA BÖHMA W INTERDYSCYPLINARNYCH BADANIACH NAD ORDOLIBERALIZMEM
Authors: Dahl Martin
Published: July 2020

Ordoliberalizm jako nurt w teorii ekonomii nie jest kierunkiem jednolitym, co wynika z faktu, że nad jego rozwojem pracowali przedstawiciele nie tylko nauk ekonomicznych, ale także innych nauk społecznych, prawnych i humanistycznych. Pozwoliło to wypracować w praktyce niezwykle efektywną gospodarczo i sprawiedliwą społecznie koncepcję społecznej gospodarki rynkowej. Obok licznych przedstawicieli szkoły ordoliberalnej, którzy mili znaczący wpływ na rozwój tej teorii, na szczególną uwagę zasługuje Franz Böhm. Jako prawnik rozwinął on tą część szkoły ordoliberalnej, która koncentrowała się na współzależności ładu ekonomicznego i prawnego. Dlatego celem artykułu jest prezentacja dorobku i myśli Franza Böhma oraz jego wpływu na rozwój interdyscyplinarnych badań nad ordoliberalizmem.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Garlic Consumption and Regular Exercise in Sedentary Overweight Individuals
Authors: Gholami Farhad , Bashiri Jabbar , Amanollahi Naser
Published: July 2020

Background: A sedentary lifestyle can result in chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Lifestyle modifications, including physical activity and herbal supplements, may have health benefits. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of regular exercise and garlic consumption on some inflammatory biomarkers in sedentary overweight individuals. Methods: Forty-four sedentary overweight male participants (20 - 30 years) were randomized to the following groups: Exercise + garlic (ES), exercise + placebo (E), garlic (G), and placebo (P). The training protocol included 20 - 45 minutes of walking/running at 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Participants consumed two capsules containing 500 milligrams of garlic powder or placebo (starch) per day. Before and 48 h after the exercise intervention and supplement administration, blood samples were collected to assess the hs-CRP and TNF-α serum levels. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the hs-CRP and TNF-α levels after the experimental period (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between EG and placebo groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the findings, garlic consumption, along with exercise training could exert anti-inflammatory properties in overweight subjects.
Metacognitive Beliefs, Positive States of Mind, and Emotional Approach Coping as the Predictors of Medical Compliance in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Bassak Nejad Soodabeh , Kargar Asieyeh , Hamid Najmeh , Razmjoo Sassan
Published: July 2020

Background: Medical compliance plays an essential role in the control of cancer and psychological factors such as metacognitive beliefs, positive psychology, and coping styles which are among the predictors of medical compliance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine how much metacognitive beliefs, positive states of mind, and emotional approach coping can predict medical compliance in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. By available sampling method, 154 women with breast cancer who were medically treated and had inclusion criteria, responded to the Morisky Medication Adherence scale (MMAS), Metacognitive Beliefs questionnaire (MCBQ), Positive states of mind (PSOM) scale, and emotional approach coping (EAC) scale. Stepwise multiple regression analysis by SPSS statistics version 24 was applied for data analysis. Results: There was a significant correlation between positive states of mind and metacognitive beliefs and between emotional approach coping with medical compliance (P < 0.05). Positive states of mind and metacognitive beliefs were the best predictors of medical compliance (P < 0.001), while the emotional approach coping could not predict medical compliance. Results also showed that positive states of mind (β = 0. 51) have the greatest predictive power to medical compliance, and the variable of emotional approach coping is not effective in predicting. Conclusions: Research findings suggest that positive states of mind and orientation toward metacognitive beliefs can control anxiety among patients and predict medical compliance in patients with breast cancer but research about emotional approach coping needs to more investigation.
Effect of Reflexology in Treating Cancer Pain: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Najafpour Zhila , Shayanfard Kamran
Published: July 2020

Context: Pain is a common symptom associated with cancer and its treatment. The conventional treatment does not often relieve cancer pain optimally. The complementary therapies are increasingly used as adjunct therapy alongside pharmacological and conventional treatments in patients. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the existing evidence for reflexology effect on cancer pain through a meta-analysis. Data Sources: In this systematic review, electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed were searched to find relevant studies until December 2018. Study Selection: We included before-after studies and trials of interventions that focused on pain management using reflexology modality as an intervention in patients with cancer regardless of cancer type. The effect of reflexology for patients with cancer pain was investigated as the main outcome. Data Extraction: The extracted information included name of authors, year of publication, study location, type of study, sample size, and outcome indicator. Consensus was reached by discussion in case of disagreement during each stage of selection, qualitative assessment, and extraction of data. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistics. The publication bias was explored using the Egger’s and the funnel plot. We meta-analyzed the data and reported the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effects model. Meta-analysis was done using the Revman software. Results: Eight studies with 948 participants were analyzed using a random- effects model meta-analysis. Included studies consisted of five randomized clinical trials, one quasi-experimental, and two pre-post design. We observed a positive effect for reflexology in patients with cancer pain compared with usual care (SMD- 0.55 [95% CI-0.82 to 0.21] P < 0.001). Conclusions: This systematic review provides sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of reflexology as an effective treatment in cancer pain. But we recommend conducting studies with larger sample size, well-designed trials with sufficient duration and longer follow-up periods with clear details about reflex practitioners, duration of intervention, instrument for pain assessment, and outcome. Meanwhile, patients should be adequately monitored and adverse effects should be reported. All of the aforementioned issues might affect the impact of reflexology adjuvant treatment.
Effect of Pilates on Body Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters of Women with Type 2 Diabetes on a Low-Carbohydrate or High-Complex-Carbohydrate Diabetic Diet
Authors: Batar Nazli , Kermen Seda , Sevdin Sezen , Ersin Aybuke , San Sevil , Erdem Mustafa Genco , Pulat Demir Halime , Guclu Duygu
Published: July 2020

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. The World Health Organization has prepared an action plan to stop the increase in diabetes and obesity by 2025. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of pilates on body composition and some biochemical parameters in women with T2DM on a high-complex-carbohydrate diabetic diet or a low-carbohydrate/high-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 120 woman patients with T2DM, referring to the Fatih Medical Park Hospital’s Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey, between December 2018 and June 2019. Participants were divided into 4 groups and were followed up for 12 weeks. The mean participants’ age was 41.67 ± 3.83 years. The first group received a low-carbohydrate and high MUFA (LC, MUFA) diet, the second group received a low-carbohydrate and a high-MUFA diet and did pilates (LC, MUFA + PL), the third group received a higher complex carbohydrate (HCC) diet, and the fourth group took the HCC diet and did pilates (HCC + PL). Results: According to the applied intervention method, there were significant differences between the preliminary and final measurements of body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) values (P < 0.05). In this study, only an increase in body muscle composition of the women in the LC, MUFA + PL group was found significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in body fat ratio was determined again in the LC, MUFA + PL group (P < 0.05). HDL levels of the women who did pilates increased significantly than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of diabetes, the patient should be evaluated with a multidisciplinary team. Diet and exercise are important non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of diabetes.