bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From w-Domination in Graphs to Domination Parameters in Lexicographic Product Graphs
Authors: Cabrera-Martínez Abel , Montejano Luis Pedro , Rodríguez-Velázquez Juan Alberto
Published: April 2023

A wide range of parameters of domination in graphs can be defined and studied through a common approach that was recently introduced in [https://doi.org/10.26493/1855-3974.2318.fb9] under the name of w-domination, where $$w=(w_0,w_1, \dots ,w_l)$$

w
=
(

w
0

,

w
1

,
⋯
,

w
l

)

is a vector of non-negative integers such that $$ w_0\ge 1$$

w
0

≥
1

. Given a graph G, a function $$f: V(G)\longrightarrow \{0,1,\dots ,l\}$$

f
:
V
(
G
)
⟶
{
0
,
1
,
⋯
,
l
}

is said to be a w-dominating function if $$\sum _{u\in N(v)}f(u)\ge w_i$$

∑

u
∈
N
(
v
)

f

(
u
)

≥

w
i

for every vertex v with $$f(v)=i$$

f
(
v
)
=
i

, where N(v) denotes the open neighbourhood of $$v\in V(G)$$

v
∈
V
(
G
)

. The weight of f is defined to be $$\omega (f)=\sum _{v\in V(G)} f(v)$$

ω

(
f
)

=

∑

v
∈
V
(
G
)

f

(
v
)

, while the w-domination number of G, denoted by $$\gamma _{w}(G)$$

γ
w

(
G
)

, is defined as the minimum weight among all w-dominating functions on G. A wide range of well-known domination parameters can be defined and studied through this approach. For instance, among others, the vector $$w=(1,0)$$

w
=
(
1
,
0
)

corresponds to the case of standard domination, $$w=(2,1)$$

w
=
(
2
,
1
)

corresponds to double domination, $$w=(2,0,0)$$

w
=
(
2
,
0
,
0
)

corresponds to Italian domination, $$w=(2,0,1)$$

w
=
(
2
,
0
,
1
)

corresponds to quasi-total Italian domination, $$w=(2,1,1)$$

w
=
(
2
,
1
,
1
)

corresponds to total Italian domination, $$w=(2,2,2)$$

w
=
(
2
,
2
,
2
)

corresponds to total $$\{2\}$$

{
2
}

-domination, while $$w=(k,k-1,\dots ,1,0)$$

w
=
(
k
,
k
-
1
,
⋯
,
1
,
0
)

corresponds to $$\{k\}$$

{
k
}

-domination. In this paper, we show that several domination parameters of lexicographic product graphs $$G\circ H$$

G
∘
H

are equal to $$\gamma _{w}(G)$$

γ
w

(
G
)

for some vector $$w\in \{2\}\times \{0,1,2\}^{l}$$

w
∈

{
2
}

×

{
0
,
1
,
2
}

l

and $$l\in \{2,3\}$$

l
∈
{
2
,
3
}

. The decision on whether the equality holds for a specific vector w will depend on the value of some domination parameters of H. In particular, we focus on quasi-total Italian domination, total Italian domination, 2-domination, double domination, total $$\{2\}$$

{
2
}

-domination, and double total domination of lexicographic product graphs.
Collective Argumentation in Integrated Contexts: A Typology of Warrants Contributed in Mathematics and Coding Arguments
Authors: Miller Claire , Menke Jenna , Conner AnnaMarie
Published: April 2023

It is important to understand how students reason in K-12 integrated STEM settings to better prepare teachers to engage their students in integrated STEM tasks. To understand the reasoning that occurs in these settings, we used the lens of collective argumentation, specifically attending to the types of warrants elementary students and their teachers provided and accepted in integrated STEM contexts and how teachers supported students in providing these warrants. We watched 103 h of classroom instruction from 10 elementary school teachers and analyzed warrants that occurred in arguments in mathematics, coding, and integrated contexts to develop a typology of warrants contributed in mathematics and coding arguments. We found that these students made their warrants explicit the majority of the time, regardless of the teacher’s presence or absence. When teachers were present, they supported argumentation in various ways; however, they offered less support in integrated contexts. Additionally, we found students relied more on visual observations in coding contexts than in mathematics or integrated contexts, where they often provided warrants based on procedures required to accomplish a task. These findings have implications for improving integrated STEM instruction through engaging students in argumentation.
Conceptualizing disruptive innovation: an interpretive structural model approach
Authors: Zeng Yongchao , Fu Hua , Wei Zixiang , Shi Yingying , Zafar Muhammad Wasif
Published: April 2023

Christensen insightfully proposed disruptive innovation. The theory is growing stronger but is still haunted by vagueness and post hoc definition issues, which signifies the nature of disruptive innovation may remain unveiled. In order to eliminate the controversies and confusion, this study sorts out commonalities and key driving forces for market encroachment of disruptive innovation, and utilizes the interpretative structural model to reorganize the original theoretical framework based on the principle of “Occam’s razor”. The results show that (1) the value network is the theoretical outset of disruptive innovation and manifests as two different value dimensions at the product or technical level, which endows disruptive innovation with “duality”; (2) the duality makes disruptive innovation have asymmetric advantages and disadvantages compared to existing products or technologies in terms of price and performance; The asymmetry changes enterprises’ competition basis and consumers’ evaluation matrices, which essentially explains the key to market encroachment of disruptive innovation; (3) the duality is the essence that distinguishes disruptive innovation from other types of innovation.
Status Quo and Influence of Martial Arts Fitness in Pursuit of Health Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Li Chen , Zhao Mingyuan , Zhao Xiuhan
Published: April 2023

With the acceleration of the socialist modernization process, people’s living standards continue to improve, and the modernization of cities is also developing rapidly. In the process of urban construction, a series of problems such as how to deal with the relationship between citizens and the surrounding environment, how to carry out citizens' health activities, and how to organize citizens to exercise healthily are becoming more and more obvious. With the introduction of the National Sports Outline, as an important sports activity, Chinese martial arts has a long history and profound cultural heritage, and it still plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the national spirit and building a harmonious society today. Therefore, this paper introduced the LSTM recurrent neural network algorithm to collect and extract the current data on martial arts fitness in the pursuit of health. By constructing the LSTM neuron structure and building the LSTM recurrent neural network structure, a state estimation based on LSTM feature extraction was proposed. The algorithm used the memory ability of LSTM to extract the relevant features of the data stream, which significantly improved the accuracy of the data stream collection. The experimental results showed that the time required by the method in this paper were 12.7, 10.2, 12.4 s and 11.8 min respectively, and the accuracy rates were 98.78, 98.26, 99.03 and 97.89%, respectively, which were greatly improved compared with the existing methods.
Novel Time-Dependent Multi-Omics Integration in Sepsis-Associated Liver Dysfunction
Authors: Na Ann-Yae , Lee Hyojin , Min Eun Ki , Paudel Sanjita , Choi So Young , Sim HyunChae , Liu Kwang-Hyeon , Kim Ki-Tae , Bae Jong-Sup , Lee Sangkyu
Published: April 2023

The recently developed technologies that allow the analysis of each single omics have provided an unbiased insight into ongoing disease processes. However, it remains challenging to specify the study design for the subsequent integration strategies that can associate sepsis pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. Here, we conducted a time-dependent multi-omics integration (TDMI) in a sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) model. We successfully deduced the relation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway with SALD. Although TLR4 is a critical factor in sepsis progression, it is not specified in single-omics analyses but only in the TDMI analysis. This finding indicates that the TDMI-based approach is more advantageous than single-omics analyses in terms of exploring the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of SALD. Furthermore, TDMI-based approach can be an ideal paradigm for insightful biological interpretations of multi-omics datasets that will potentially reveal novel insights into basic biology, health, and diseases, thus allowing the identification of promising candidates for therapeutic strategies.
Collective Equality
Authors: Yehuda Limor
Published: April 2023

In recent decades international and regional human rights norms have been increasingly applied to constitutional provisions, revealing significant tensions between primary political arrangements, such as power-sharing institutions, and human rights norms. This book argues that these tensions, generally framed as a peace versus justice dilemma, are built on an individualistic conception of justice that fails to account for the empirical reality in places characterized by ethnically based political exclusion and inequalities. By introducing the concept of 'Collective Equality' as a new theoretical basis for the law of peace, this timely book proposes a new approach for dealing with the tensions between peace-related arrangements and human rights norms. Through principled, pragmatic, and legal reasoning the book develops a new paradigm that captures more accurately what equality and human rights mean and require in the context of ethno-national conflicts, and provides potent guidance for advancing justice and peace in such places.
Deriving a year 2000 glacier inventory for New Zealand from the existing 2016 inventory
Authors: Paul Frank , Baumann Sabine , Anderson Brian , Rastner Philipp
Published: April 2023

Due to adverse snow and cloud conditions, only a few inventories are available for the maritime glaciers in New Zealand. These are difficult to compare as different approaches and baseline data have been used to create them. In consequence, glacier fluctuations in New Zealand over the past two decades are only known for a few glaciers based on field observations. Here we present the results of a new inventory for the ‘year 2000’ (some scenes are from 2001 and 2002) that is based on glacier outlines from a recently published inventory for the year 2016 and allowed consistent change assessment for nearly 3000 glaciers over this period. The year 2000 inventory was created by manual on-screen digitizing using Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery (15 m panchromatic band) in the background and the year 2016 outlines as a starting point. Major challenges faced were late and early seasonal snow, clouds and shadow, the geo-location mismatch between Landsat and Sentinel-2 as well as the correct interpretation of ice patches and ice under debris cover. In total, we re-mapped 2967 glaciers covering an area of 885.5 km2 in 2000, which is 91.7 km2 (or 10.4%) more than the 793.8 km2 mapped in 2016. Area change rates (mean rate −0.65% a−1) increase towards smaller glaciers. Strongest area loss from 2000 to 2016 occurred at elevations ~1900 m but the highest relative loss was found below 800 m a.s.l. In total, 109 glaciers split into two or more entities and 264 had wasted away by 2016.
The ice dynamic and melting response of Pine Island Ice Shelf to calving
Authors: Bradley Alexander T. , De Rydt Jan , Bett David T. , Dutrieux Pierre , Holland Paul R.
Published: April 2023

Sea level rise contributions from the Pine Island Glacier (PIG) are strongly modulated by the backstress that its floating extension – Pine Island Ice Shelf (PIIS) – exerts on the adjoining grounded ice. The front of PIIS has recently retreated significantly via calving, and satellite and theoretical analyses have suggested further retreat is inevitable. As well as inducing an instantaneous increase in ice flow, retreat of the PIIS front may result in increased ocean melting, by relaxing the topographic barrier to warm ocean water that is currently provided by a prominent seabed ridge. Recently published research (Bradley and others, 2022a) has shown that PIIS may exhibit a strong melting response to calving, with melting close to the PIG grounding line always increasing with ice front retreat. Here, we summarise this research and, additionally, place the results in a glaciological context by comparing the impact of melt-induced and ice-dynamical changes in the ice shelf thinning rate. We find that while PIG is expected to experience rapid acceleration in response to further ice front retreat, the mean instantaneous thinning response is set primarily by changes in melting, rather than ice dynamics. Overall, further ice front retreat is expected to lead to enhanced ice-shelf thinning, with potentially detrimental consequences for ice shelf stability.
“And then I found $5”: Optimizing recruitment efficiency in remote clinical trials
Authors: Fahey Margaret C. , Dahne Jennifer , Chen Brian K. , Smith Tracy T. , Wahlquist Amy E. , Carpenter Mathew J.
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

As clinical trials adopt remote methodologies, there is need to optimize efficiency of remote enrollment. Within a remote clinical trial, we aim to (1) assess if sociodemographic factors differ among those consenting via mail vs. technology-based procedures (e-consent), (2) determine if, among those consenting via mail, a small unconditional monetary reward ($5) increases likelihood of subsequent enrollment, (3) economically evaluate additional cost per additional participant enrolled with $5 reward.

Methods:

In the parent nationwide randomized clinical trial of adult smokers (N = 638), participants could enroll via mail or e-consent. Logistic regression models assessed relationships between sociodemographics and enrollment via mail (vs e-consent). Mailed consent packets were randomized (1:4) to include $5 unconditional reward or not, and logistic regression modeling examined impact of reward on subsequent enrollment, allowing for a randomized study within a study. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio analysis estimated additional cost per additional participant enrolled with $5 incentive.

Results:

Older age, less education, lower income, and female sex predicted enrolling via mail vs e-consent (p < .05’s). In adjusted model, older age (AOR = 1.02, p = .016) and less education (AOR = 2.23, p < .001) remained predictive of mail enrollment. The $5 incentive (vs none) increased enrollment rate by 9% (AOR = 1.64, p = .007), with estimated cost of additional $59 per additional participant enrolled.

Conclusions:

As e-consent methods become more common, they have potential to reach many individuals but with perhaps diminished inclusion across all sociodemographic groups. Provision of an unconditional monetary incentive is possibly a cost-effective mechanism to increase recruitment efficiency for studies employing mail-based consenting procedures.
MODULAR MANY-VALUED SEMANTICS FOR COMBINED LOGICS
Authors: CALEIRO CARLOS , MARCELINO SÉRGIO
Published: April 2023

We obtain, for the first time, a modular many-valued semantics for combined logics, which is built directly from many-valued semantics for the logics being combined, by means of suitable universal operations over partial non-deterministic logical matrices. Our constructions preserve finite-valuedness in the context of multiple-conclusion logics, whereas, unsurprisingly, it may be lost in the context of single-conclusion logics. Besides illustrating our constructions over a wide range of examples, we also develop concrete applications of our semantic characterizations, namely regarding the semantics of strengthening a given many-valued logic with additional axioms, the study of conditions under which a given logic may be seen as a combination of simpler syntactically defined fragments whose calculi can be obtained independently and put together to form a calculus for the whole logic, and also general conditions for decidability to be preserved by the combination mechanism.
The penetration of financial capital and the growth of private hospital groups in Europe: the case of Spain (1975–2022)
Authors: Vilar-Rodríguez Margarita , Pons-Pons Jerònia
Published: April 2023

From the last decades of the twentieth century, above all, in the more service-oriented post-industrial economies, and in a context of debilitation of public health systems, health care became exponentially profitable, thereby attracting new types of investors. In fact, this new stage entails moving from the commercialisation of health care to its financialisation; that is, medical care becomes just one more financial asset and its price and quality are quoted on the stock exchange. This study intends to participate in the debate initiated by historians of medicine and economic historians with the aim of tracing capitalist traits and market participation in the evolution of health coverage, a process initially promoted by professional doctors who converted their consulting rooms into small clinics and larger hospital companies and which, over time, saw the incorporation of financial capital. In particular, this paper has two specific objectives for the case of Spain. First, to analyse the relationship of collaboration and/or competition between public and private hospitals under democracy and the factors that have conditioned this relationship. Second, to make an initial contribution towards understanding how, in this context, the large private hospital groups have been created in Spain during this period, especially in recent decades with concentration in the hands of financial capital, originating from both the traditional banking sector and investment funds.
COMPUTING POINTS ON BIELLIPTIC MODULAR CURVES OVER FIXED QUADRATIC FIELDS
Authors: MICHAUD-JACOBS PHILIPPE
Published: April 2023

We present a Mordell–Weil sieve that can be used to compute points on certain bielliptic modular curves
$X_0(N)$
over fixed quadratic fields. We study
$X_0(N)(\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt {d}))$
for
$N \in \{ 53,61,65,79,83,89,101,131 \}$
and
${\lvert d \rvert < 100}$
.
What You See and What You Get: Direct and Indirect Political Dividends of Public Policies
Authors: Bueno Natália S. , Zucco Cesar , Nunes Felipe
Published: April 2023

We investigated both the direct and indirect political dividends of public policies by examiningMinha Casa,Minha Vida, a housing programme in Brazil that selects its beneficiaries by lottery. We surveyed the lottery participants and found that the winners were not more likely to support the incumbent politicians. Non-beneficiaries, a much larger group, were aware of the programme and thought well of it while the beneficiaries' responses to the programme were sometimes underwhelming. However, politicians considered the programme to be an electoral asset, and a difference-in-differences analysis of electoral results leveraging the roll-out of the programme across municipalities found that presidential and mayoral incumbent candidates performed better in localities that had implemented MCMV. Overall, when the beneficiaries formed a relatively small group, the benefits were conspicuous and the programme's objectives were widely supported. Government programmes can create electoral payoffs independently of how programmes are perceived or experienced by beneficiaries.
Tangible insights on the strategizing of language learners and users
Authors: Cohen Andrew D. , Gu Peter Yongqi , Nyikos Martha , Plonsky Luke , Harris Vee , Gunning Pamela , Wang Isobel Kai-Hui , Pawlak Mirosław , Gavriilidou Zoe , Mitits Lydia , Sykes Julie M. , Gao Xuesong (Andy)
Published: April 2023

This article presents reflections from 12 experts on language learners strategy (LLS) research. They were asked to offer their reflections in one of their domains of expertise, linking research into LLS with successful language learning and use practices. In essence, they were called upon to provide a review of recent scholarship by identifying areas where results of research had already led to the enhancement of learner strategy use, as well as to describe ongoing and future research efforts intended to enhance the strategy domain. The LLS areas dealt with include theory building, the dynamics of delivering strategy instruction (SI), meta-analyses of SI, learner diversity, SI for young language learners, SI for fine-tuning the comprehension and production of academic-level, grammar strategies at the macro and micro levels, lessons learned from many years of LLS research in Greece, the past and future roles of technology aimed at enhancing language learning, and applications of LLS in content instruction. This review is intended to provide the field with an updated statement as to where we have been, where we are now, and where we need to go. Ideally, it will provide ideas for future studies.
Delineating Agriculture and Industry: Reexamining the Exclusion of Agricultural Workers from the New Deal
Authors: Rader Katherine
Published: April 2023

The exclusion of agricultural workers from the 1935 Social Security Act and Wagner Act is frequently cited as one of the significant limitations of the New Deal social and economic program. Standard explanations for this exclusion point to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's and other New Dealers’ deference to the interests of powerful Southern Democrats in Congress, particularly their opposition to civil and labor rights. However, these explanations fail to recognize the important roots of this exclusion in earlier New Deal policy debates extending beyond the influence and interests of Southern Democrats. This article focuses on important political-economic debates that emerged in debates over the 1933 industrial and agricultural policy, which ultimately resulted in the exclusion of agricultural workers. Further, these debates and resulting policy changes shed light on the challenges and opportunities for building coalitions of labor unions and racial advocacy organizations to fight for broad economic restructuring. Exploring these strains of political-economic ideas provides a more complete explanation for agricultural workers' exclusion from the New Deal economic programs.
Increasing stability for the inverse source problem in elastic waves with attenuation
Authors: Yuan Ganghua , Zhao Yue
Published: April 2023

This paper is concerned with the increasing stability of the inverse source problem for the elastic wave equation with attenuation in three dimensions. The stability estimate consists of the Lipschitz type data discrepancy and the high frequency tail of the source function, where the latter decreases as the upper bound of the frequency increases. The stability also shows exponential dependence on the attenuation coefficient. The ingredients of the analysis include Carleman estimates and time decay estimates for the elastic wave equation to obtain an exact observability bound, and the study of the resonance-free region and an upper bound of the resolvent in this region for the elliptic operator with respect to the complex frequency. The advantage of the method developed in this work is that it can be used to study the case of variable attenuation coefficient.
Validation of the French version of the Emotion and Regulation Beliefs Scale (ERBS) and Dissociation Belief Scale (DBS)
Authors: Vancappel A. , Kerbage H. , Réveillère C. , El Hage W.
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Dissociation is a recurrent symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and is associated with emotional dysregulation. Beliefs about emotions seem to be involved in emotional dysregulation but have not been studied in relation to dissociation. Likewise, there is currently little empirical evidence of beliefs about dissociation. The aims of the study were to validate psychometric tools assessing these beliefs, to assess their role in dissociation, and to explore the mediating role of emotional dysregulation and beliefs about dissociation in the relationship between beliefs about emotion and dissociation.

Method:

We recruited a sample from the general population (n=1009) and a sample of patients with PTSD (n=90). All participants completed self-report questionnaires to evaluate symptoms of PTSD (PTSD Checklist/Impact of Event Scale, PCL-5/IES-6), dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale, DES), difficulties in emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS), beliefs about dissociation (Dissociation Beliefs Scale, DBS), and beliefs about emotion (Emotion and Regulation Beliefs Scale, ERBS).

Results:

The questionnaires used to assess the beliefs about emotion (ERBS) and dissociation (DBS) had good psychometric properties. Dissociation was positively associated with positive and negative beliefs about dissociation and with negative beliefs about emotions in both the clinical and non-clinical groups. The relationship between beliefs about emotions and dissociation was mediated by emotional dysregulation and positive beliefs about dissociation in both groups.

Conclusion:

The ERBS and DBS are effective tools to assess beliefs. Beliefs about emotion and dissociation seem to be involved in dissociative manifestations in both clinical and non-clinical individuals.
Moving forward with the loss of a loved one: treating PTSD following traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy
Authors: Wild Jennifer , Duffy Michael , Ehlers Anke
Published: April 2023

Traumatic loss is associated with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and appears to inhibit the natural process of grieving, meaning that patients who develop PTSD after loss trauma are also at risk of experiencing enduring grief. Here we present how to treat PTSD arising from traumatic bereavement with cognitive therapy (CT-PTSD; Ehlers et al., 2005). The paper describes the core components of CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma with illustrative examples, and clarifies how the therapy differs from treating PTSD associated with trauma where there is no loss of a significant other. A core aim of the treatment is to help the patient to shift their focus from loss to what has not been lost, from a focus on their loved one being gone to considering how they may take their loved one forward in an abstract, meaningful way to achieve a sense of continuity in the present with what has been lost in the past. This is often achieved with imagery transformation, a significant component of the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for bereavement trauma. We also consider how to approach complexities, such as suicide trauma, loss of a loved one in a conflicted relationship, pregnancy loss and loss of life caused by the patient.

Key learning aims

(1)

To be able to apply Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) cognitive model to PTSD arising from bereavement trauma.

(2)

To recognise how the core treatment components differ for PTSD associated with traumatic bereavement than for PTSD linked to trauma where there is no loss of life.

(3)

To discover how to conduct imagery transformation for the memory updating procedure in CT-PTSD for loss trauma.
Effect of temperature and heat units on zoysiagrass response to herbicides during post-dormancy transition
Authors: Craft Jordan M. , Godara Navdeep , Brewer John R. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: April 2023

In the transition zone, turfgrass managers generally utilize the dormancy period of warm-season turfgrass to apply herbicides for managing winter annual weeds. Although this weed control strategy is common in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], it has been less adopted in zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) due to variable turfgrass injury during post-dormancy transition. Previous research reported that air temperature could affect weed control and crop safety from herbicides. Growth-chamber studies were conducted to evaluate zoysiagrass response to glyphosate and glufosinate as influenced by three different temperature regimes during and after treatment. A field research study was conducted at four site-years to assess the influence of variable heat-unit accumulation on zoysiagrass response to seven herbicides. In the growth-chamber study, glufosinate injured zoysiagrass more than glyphosate and reduced time to reach 50% green cover reduction, regardless of the rate, when incubated for 7 d under different temperature levels. When green zoysiagrass sprigs were incubated for 7 d at 10 C, the rate of green cover reduction was slowed for both herbicides; however, green cover was rapidly reduced under 27 C. After treated zoysiagrass plugs having 5% green cover were incubated at 10 C for 14 d, glyphosate-treated plugs reached 50% green cover in 22 d, similar to nontreated plugs but less than the 70 d required for glufosinate-treated plugs. Zoysiagrass response to glyphosate was temperature dependent, but glufosinate injured zoysiagrass unacceptably regardless of temperature regime. Diquat, flumioxazin, glufosinate, and metsulfuron + rimsulfuron injured zoysiagrass at 200 or 300 growing-degree days at base 5 C (GDD5C) application timings, but foramsulfuron and oxadiazon did not injure zoysiagrass regardless of GDD5C. The relationship of leaf density to green turf cover is dependent on zoysiagrass mowing height, and both metrics are reduced by injurious herbicides. Research indicates that glufosinate injures zoysiagrass more than glyphosate, and the speed and magnitude of herbicide injury generally increase with temperature.
Molecular mechanism of resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl in shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis) from China
Authors: Tang Zhi , Wang Zilu , Wang Mali , Yin Fan , Liao Min , Cao Haiqun , Zhao Ning
Published: April 2023

Shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) is an obligate wetland plant that is widely distributed throughout Europe, temperate Asia, and North America. In China, it is widespread in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a noxious weed in winter cropping fields with a rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation. The acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl has been widely used to control annual grass and broadleaf weeds, including A. aequalis, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields, leading to the selection of herbicide-resistant weeds. In this study, an A. aequalis population, AHFT-4, that survived mesosulfuron-methyl at the field-recommended rate (9 g ai ha−1) was collected in Anhui Province. Single-dose testing confirmed that the suspected resistant AHFT-4 had evolved resistance to mesosulfuron-methyl. Target gene sequencing revealed a resistance mutation of Pro-197-Ala in ALS1 of the resistant plants, and a derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker was developed to specifically detect the mutation. A relative expression assay showed no significant difference in ALS expression between AHFT-4 and a susceptible population without or with mesosulfuron-methyl treatment. Whole-plant dose–response bioassays indicated that AHFT-4 had evolved broad-spectrum cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides of all five chemical families tested, with GR50 resistance index (RI) values ranging from 21 to 206. However, it remained susceptible to the photosystem II inhibitor isoproturon. Pretreatment with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion or the glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole had no significant effects on the resistance of AHFT-4 to mesosulfuron-methyl. To our knowledge, this study reports for the first time the ALS gene Pro-197-Ala substitution conferring broad-spectrum cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in A. aequalis.
Sind Grundschulkinder besser sozial integriert, wenn sie im Unterricht weniger Probleme im Lernverhalten und weniger oppositionelles Verhalten zeigen?
Authors: Spilles Markus , Huber Christian , Hennemann Thomas , König Johannes , Grosche Michael
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung. Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Verhaltensproblemen sind in der Klassengemeinschaft oftmals weniger sozial integriert. Vergangene Studien fokussierten jedoch meist Schülerinnen und Schüler mit einem sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf oder eher klinischen Verhaltensproblemen, statt unterrichtsbezogenes Verhalten zu betrachten. Im aktuellen Beitrag werden Querschnittsdaten von N = 626 Schülerinnen und Schülern in zweiten, dritten und vierten Klassen der Allgemeinen Grundschule analysiert. Im Vergleich zu den bisherigen Studien der letzten Dekade wird das Verhalten von Schulkindern durch ein validiertes und schulrelevantes Erhebungsinstrument erfasst, das 1) Probleme im Lernverhalten und 2) oppositionelles Verhalten abbildet. Darüber hinaus wurde die soziale Integration mehrdimensional operationalisiert (soziale Akzeptanz, soziale Beziehungen, selbstwahrgenommene soziale Integration). In den Ergebnissen zeigt sich, dass insbesondere das Ausmaß an Problemen im Lernverhalten negativ mit der sozialen Akzeptanz zusammenhängt. Moderationseffekte deuten darauf hin, dass sich diese Problematik mit zunehmender Klassenstufe sowie in Klassen mit einem geringeren Level an Problemen im Lernverhalten verschärft.
Extension Dynamics of the Northern Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center and the Southern Mangatolu Triple Junction in the Lau Basin at 16°S
Authors: Jegen A. , Dannowski A. , Schnabel M. , Barckhausen U. , Brandl P. A. , Riedel M. , Beniest A. , Heyde I. , Hannington M. D. , Sandhu A. , Werner R. , Kopp H.
Published: April 2023

Due to the complexity of 2D magnetic anomaly maps north of 18°S and the sparsity of seismic data, the tectonic evolution of the northern Lau Basin has not yet been unraveled. We use a multi‐method approach to reconstruct the formation of the basin at ∼16°S by compiling seismic, magnetic, gravimetric and geochemical data along a 185 km‐long crustal transect. We identified a crustal zonation which preserves the level of subduction input at the time of the crust's formation. Paired with the seafloor magnetization, the crustal zonation enabled us to qualitatively approximate the dynamic spreading history of the region. Further assessment of the recent tectonic activity and the degree of tectonic overprinting visible in the crust both suggest a complex tectonic history including a dynamically moving spreading center and the reorganizing of the local magma supply. Comparing the compiled data sets has revealed substantial differences in the opening mechanisms of the two arms of the Overlapping Spreading Center (OSC) that is made up by the northernmost tip of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center in the east and the southernmost segment of the Mangatolu Triple Junction in the west. The observed transition from a predominantly tectonic opening mechanism at the eastern OSC arm to a magmatic opening mechanism at the western OSC arm coincides with an equally sharp transition from and strongly subduction influenced crust to a crust with virtually no subduction input. The degree of subduction input alters the geochemical composition, as well as the lithospheric stress response.
Equinoctial Asymmetry in the Upper Ionosphere: Comparison of Satellite Observations and Models
Authors: Lomidze L. , Knudsen D. J. , Shepherd M. , Huba J. D. , Maute A.
Published: April 2023

The terrestrial ionosphere displays significant equinoctial asymmetry despite the upper atmosphere receiving similar levels of solar ionization energy at a given location and local time in March and September during similar solar activity conditions. This intriguing feature is not well understood or modeled, particularly in the upper ionosphere, and causes of the asymmetry are not fully established and quantified. Yet, their study is important to provide better insights into the atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes. Analysis of Langmuir probe data from ESA's Swarm B satellite at ∼525 km altitude reveals that the daytime electron density is larger for all latitudes during the March equinox than during the September equinox, while the electron temperature shows an inverted asymmetry except at low latitudes. Simultaneously obtained neutral density data from Swarm GPS accelerations indicate that the thermosphere is denser during the March equinox. The asymmetry seen by Swarm electron density observations is also present in electron densities obtained using GPS radio occultation measurements from the COSMIC satellites. Simulations were performed using physics‐based ionosphere models (SAMI3, WACCM‐X, and TIE‐GCM) to determine their ability to produce the observed asymmetry, understand the generation mechanism(s), and establish the relative role of physical drivers. Results produced by TIE‐GCM are closest to the observations when seasonally varying eddy diffusivity is considered in the model. The asymmetry produced by other models is noticeably weaker. Modeling of the asymmetry by SAMI3 driven with the TIE‐GCM neutral atmosphere shows that both neutral density and winds play a critical role, but the density has a greater effect.
A Long‐Term Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Rainfall on Short 6G D‐Band Links
Authors: Musthafa Ashifa M. , Luini Lorenzo , Riva Carlo , Livieratos Spiros N. , Roveda Giuseppe
Published: April 2023

Results from a long‐term propagation campaign are presented, whose main goal is to investigate the impact of rainfall on short terrestrial links operating at frequencies in the D‐band, to be possibly exploited for backhaul links in future 6G mobile networks. To this aim, data are collected at two sites with different climatic conditions (Milan, Italy; Athens, Greece) for 24 and 20 months, respectively, using two links (path length of 325 and 100 m, respectively), operating at 156 GHz carrier frequency. At the same sites, disdrometers are also installed to concurrently collect information on precipitation, not only in terms of rain rate but also of its microphysical properties. The received power data are carefully pre‐processed to exclude outliers and further elaborated to derive the rain attenuation. The data are afterward used to evaluate the accuracy of different prediction models, both on an event basis and on a statistical basis. Results indicate that the information delivered by the Drop Size Distribution allows a more accurate estimation of the rain attenuation and that the model currently adopted by the ITU‐R to predict rain attenuation statistics on terrestrial links (recommendation ITU‐R P.530‐18) yields a significant overestimation for such short links, due to the unrealistic value of its path reduction factor. On the contrary, the statistical prediction model proposed by Lin turns out to offer a very satisfactory prediction accuracy.
Septin11 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility by activating RhoA to regulate cytoskeleton and cell adhesion
Authors: Fu Lisheng , Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Ying , Chen MeiHua , Kuerban Adilijiang , Liu Haojie , Dong Yiwei , Cai QianQian , Ma Mingzhe , Wu XingZhong
Published: April 2023

Septins as GTPases in the cytoskeleton, are linked to a broad spectrum of cellular functions, including cell migration and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, roles of SEPT11, the new member of septin, have been hardly understood in HCC. In the study, the clinical significance and biological function of SEPT11 in HCC was explored. SEPT11 was screened out by combining ATAC-seq with mRNA-seq. Role of SEPT11 in HCC was further investigated by using overexpression, shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SEPT11-knockout cells or in vivo models. We found RNA-seq and ATAC-seq highlights LncRNA AY927503 (AY) induced SEPT11 transcription, resulting in Rho GTPase activation and cytoskeleton actin aggregation. The GTP-binding protein SEPT11 is thus considered, as a downstream factor of AY, highly expressed in various tumors, including HCC, and associated with poor prognosis of the patients. In vitro, SEPT11 overexpression promotes the migration and invasion of HCC cells, while SEPT11-knockout inhibits migration and invasion. In vivo, SEPT11-overexpressed HCC cells show high metastasis incidents but don’t significantly affect proliferation. Meanwhile, we found SEPT11 targets RhoA, thereby regulating cytoskeleton rearrangement and abnormal cell adhesion through ROCK1/cofilin and FAK/paxillin signaling pathways, promoting invasion and migration of HCC. Further, we found SEPT11 facilitates the binding of GEF-H1 to RhoA, which enhances the activity of RhoA. Overall, our study confirmed function of SEPT11 in promoting metastasis in HCC, and preliminarily explored its related molecular mechanism. SEPT11 acts as an oncogene in HCC, also draws further interest regarding its clinical application as a potential therapeutic target.
LncRNA UCA1 promotes keratinocyte-driven inflammation via suppressing METTL14 and activating the HIF-1α/NF-κB axis in psoriasis
Authors: Hu Yibo , Lei Li , Jiang Ling , Zeng Hongliang , Zhang Yushan , Fu Chuhan , Guo Haoran , Dong Yumeng , Ouyang Yujie , Zhang Xiaolin , Huang Jinhua , Zeng Qinghai , Chen Jing
Published: April 2023

Keratinocytes are closely associated with innate immunity and inflammatory responses, and are dysregulated during the development of psoriasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This work aims to reveal the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) UCA1 in psoriatic keratinocytes. UCA1 was identified as a psoriasis-related lncRNA that highly expressed in psoriatic lesions. The transcriptome and proteome data of keratinocyte cell line HaCaT showed that UCA1 could positively regulate inflammatory functions, such as response to cytokine. Furthermore, UCA1 silencing decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion and innate immunity gene expression in HaCaT, its culture supernatant also decreased the migration and tube formation ability of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistically, UCA1 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is regulated by HIF-1α and STAT3. We also observed a direct interaction between UCA1 and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase METTL14. Knocking down METTL14 counteracted the effects of UCA1 silencing, indicating that it can suppress inflammation. In addition, the levels of m6A-modified HIF-1α were decreased in psoriatic lesions, indicating that HIF-1α is a potential target of METTL14. Taken together, this work indicates that UCA1 positively regulates keratinocyte-driven inflammation and psoriasis development by binding to METTL14, and activating HIF-1α and NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-driven inflammation in psoriasis.
Sema3C signaling is an alternative activator of the canonical WNT pathway in glioblastoma
Authors: Hao Jing , Han Xiangzi , Huang Haidong , Yu Xingjiang , Fang Jiankang , Zhao Jianjun , Prayson Richard A. , Bao Shideng , Yu Jennifer S.
Published: April 2023

The Wnt pathway is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, underscoring it as a therapeutic target. Wnt inhibitors have uniformly failed in clinical trials. Here, we report a mechanism of WNT pathway activation through the Semaphorin 3 C neurodevelopmental program in glioma stem-like cells. Sema3C directs β-catenin nuclear accumulation in a Rac1-dependent process, leading to transactivation of Wnt target genes. Sema3C-driven Wnt signaling occurred despite suppression of Wnt ligand secretion, suggesting that Sema3C drives canonical Wnt signaling independent of Wnt ligand binding. In a mouse model of glioblastoma, combined depletion of Sema3C and β-catenin partner TCF1 extended animal survival more than single target inhibition alone. In human glioblastoma, Sema3C expression and Wnt pathway activation were highly concordant. Since Sema3C is frequently overexpressed in glioblastoma, Sema3C signaling may be a significant mechanism of resistance to upstream Wnt pathway inhibitors. Dual targeting of Sema3C and Wnt pathways may achieve clinically significant Wnt pathway inhibition.
Evolution of cortical geometry and its link to function, behaviour and ecology
Authors: Schwartz Ernst , Nenning Karl-Heinz , Heuer Katja , Jeffery Nathan , Bertrand Ornella C. , Toro Roberto , Kasprian Gregor , Prayer Daniela , Langs Georg
Published: April 2023

Studies in comparative neuroanatomy and of the fossil record demonstrate the influence of socio-ecological niches on the morphology of the cerebral cortex, but have led to oftentimes conflicting theories about its evolution. Here, we study the relationship between the shape of the cerebral cortex and the topography of its function. We establish a joint geometric representation of the cerebral cortices of ninety species of extant Euarchontoglires, including commonly used experimental model organisms. We show that variability in surface geometry relates to species’ ecology and behaviour, independent of overall brain size. Notably, ancestral shape reconstruction of the cortical surface and its change during evolution enables us to trace the evolutionary history of localised cortical expansions, modal segregation of brain function, and their association to behaviour and cognition. We find that individual cortical regions follow different sequences of area increase during evolutionary adaptations to dynamic socio-ecological niches. Anatomical correlates of this sequence of events are still observable in extant species, and relate to their current behaviour and ecology. We decompose the deep evolutionary history of the shape of the human cortical surface into spatially and temporally conscribed components with highly interpretable functional associations, highlighting the importance of considering the evolutionary history of cortical regions when studying their anatomy and function.
Interstitial lung disease diagnosis and prognosis using an AI system integrating longitudinal data
Authors: Mei Xueyan , Liu Zelong , Singh Ayushi , Lange Marcia , Boddu Priyanka , Gong Jingqi Q. X. , Lee Justine , DeMarco Cody , Cao Chendi , Platt Samantha , Sivakumar Ganesh , Gross Benjamin , Huang Mingqian , Masseaux Joy , Dua Sakshi , Bernheim Adam , Chung Michael , Deyer Timothy , Jacobi Adam , Padilla Maria , Fayad Zahi A. , Yang Yang
Published: April 2023

For accurate diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a consensus of radiologic, pathological, and clinical findings is vital. Management of ILD also requires thorough follow-up with computed tomography (CT) studies and lung function tests to assess disease progression, severity, and response to treatment. However, accurate classification of ILD subtypes can be challenging, especially for those not accustomed to reading chest CTs regularly. Dynamic models to predict patient survival rates based on longitudinal data are challenging to create due to disease complexity, variation, and irregular visit intervals. Here, we utilize RadImageNet pretrained models to diagnose five types of ILD with multimodal data and a transformer model to determine a patient’s 3-year survival rate. When clinical history and associated CT scans are available, the proposed deep learning system can help clinicians diagnose and classify ILD patients and, importantly, dynamically predict disease progression and prognosis.
Trumpet is an operating system for simple and robust cell-free biocomputing
Authors: Sharon Judee A. , Dasrath Chelsea , Fujiwara Aiden , Snyder Alessandro , Blank Mace , O’Brien Sam , Aufdembrink Lauren M. , Engelhart Aaron E. , Adamala Katarzyna P.
Published: April 2023

Biological computation is becoming a viable and fast-growing alternative to traditional electronic computing. Here we present a biocomputing technology called Trumpet: Transcriptional RNA Universal Multi-Purpose GatE PlaTform. Trumpet combines the simplicity and robustness of the simplest in vitro biocomputing methods, adding signal amplification and programmability, while avoiding common shortcomings of live cell-based biocomputing solutions. We have demonstrated the use of Trumpet to build all universal Boolean logic gates. We have also built a web-based platform for designing Trumpet gates and created a primitive processor by networking several gates as a proof-of-principle for future development. The Trumpet offers a change of paradigm in biocomputing, providing an efficient and easily programmable biological logic gate operating system.