bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dielectric spectroscopy technology combined with machine learning methods for nondestructive detection of protein content in fresh milk
Authors: Liang Qing , Liu Yang , Zhang Hong , Xia Yifan , Che Jikai , Guo Jingchi
Published: October 2024

To quickly achieve nondestructive detection of protein content in fresh milk, this study utilized a network analyzer and an open coaxial probe to analyze the dielectric spectra of milk samples at 100 frequency points within the 2–20 GHz range, focusing on the dielectric constant ε' and the dielectric loss factor ε''. Feature variables were extracted from the full dielectric spectra using the successive projections algorithm (SPA), uninformative variables elimination (UVE), and the combined UVE‐SPA method. These variables were then used to develop partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and least squares boosting (LSBOOST) models for predicting protein content. The results showed that ε' decreased monotonically with increasing frequency, while ε'' increased monotonically. The UVE‐SPA method for feature extraction demonstrated superior performance, with the UVE‐SPA‐PLSR model being the best for predicting milk protein content, achieving the highest RC2 = 0.998 and RP2 = 0.989 and the lowest RMSEC = 0.019% and RMSEP = 0.032%. This study provides a theoretical reference for evaluating milk quality and developing intelligent detection equipment for natural milk.
Response surface optimization of protein extraction from cold‐pressed terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) oil byproducts: Physicochemical and functional characteristics
Authors: Ozgolet Muhammed , Cakmak Zeynep Hazal Tekin , Bozkurt Fatih , Sagdic Osman , Karasu Salih
Published: October 2024

The current study focused on optimizing the extraction parameters of terebinth seed proteins from cold‐pressed terebinth oil byproducts to maximize protein purity and protein yield. The isolated proteins were characterized to evaluate their properties; thus revealing the valorization potential of these byproducts. Response surface methodology was used to detect the effect of three extraction parameters (pH, temperature, and time). The protein isolates were studied for their physicochemical and functional characteristics. The results indicated that an extraction pH of 8, a temperature of 50°C, and an extraction period of 60 min are optimum conditions for obtaining protein isolates with the highest purity. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that an extraction pH of 12, a temperature of 46.4°C, and an extraction duration of 102.4 min were optimum conditions for the maximum protein yield. The proteins produced under these two sets of conditions, referred to as TRP (terebinth protein with maximum purity) and TRY (terebinth protein with maximum yield), respectively, exhibited comparable oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming, emulsifying capabilities, and stability. Both proteins showed the highest solubility at pH 11, and their zeta potentials approached zero at pH 4, indicating proximity to their isoelectric points. However, FRAP and DPPH assays showed that TRP and TRY offered low antioxidative capacity. The high β‐sheet content in TRP and TRY suggests enhanced thermal stability but reduced digestibility of these proteins. Therefore, in addition to protein enrichment, TRP and TRY protein isolates can be utilized in muffins and other food applications thanks to their favorable oil absorption, foaming and emulsifying capacities, and thermal stabilities.
Prognostic value of PSMA PET in predicting long‐term biochemical control following curative intent treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Ades Angus , Holt Tanya , Rhee Handoo , Webb Myles , Mehdi Ahmed M , Ratnayake Gishan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of 68Ga‐labelled prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) metrics in predicting long‐term biochemical failure‐free survival (BFFS) following curative intent treatment for prostate cancer.

Methods

We completed a prospective study that followed men who had PSMA PET for staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer between 2015 and 2017 who went on to have curative intent treatment with radiotherapy (RT) or radical prostatectomy (RP). PSMA PET CT imaging was reported and the intraprostatic maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) was recorded. The primary outcome was BFFS. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Cox proportional hazards (PH) models, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and a regression tree structured method.

Results

A total of 183 men were included in the analysis with a median age of 66 years and the majority of patients (55.2%) had ISUP grade 1–3 disease. All patients had PSMA PET staging prior to curative intent treatment with RP (66.1%) or external beam radiotherapy (33.9%). PSMA‐avid pelvic nodes were present in 26 patients but were not associated with worse biochemical control. A PSMA SUVmax of the prostate primary greater than the median (>5.6) was associated with a lower BFFS (HR: 4.4, 95% CI 1.42–3.72, P = 0.01). A multivariate Cox model incorporating initial biopsy grade, age and PSMA SUVmax showed that PSMA SUVmax was an independent predictor of BFFS. The RT‐structured method identified an optimal threshold of 6.8 for PSMA SUVmax, above which patients with ISUP 1–3 disease had a significantly worse BFFS.

Conclusion

PSMA SUVmax is a strong predictor of BFFS in patients with non‐metastatic prostate cancer who underwent curative intent treatment. Patients with low‐risk disease on biopsy (ISUP 1–3) but high PSMA SUVmax may have biochemical failure risk analogous to higher‐risk disease (ISUP 4–5). These findings allow for further risk stratification and prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer planned for definitive treatment.
Lipid peroxidation products induce carbonyl stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence in human and murine cells
Authors: Monroe T. Blake , Hertzel Ann V. , Dickey Deborah M. , Hagen Thomas , Santibanez Simon Vergara , Berdaweel Islam A. , Halley Catherine , Puchalska Patrycja , Anderson Ethan J. , Camell Christina D. , Robbins Paul D. , Bernlohr David A.
Published: October 2024

Lipid enals are electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation that induce genotoxic and proteotoxic stress by covalent modification of DNA and proteins, respectively. As lipid enals accumulate to substantial amounts in visceral adipose during obesity and aging, we hypothesized that biogenic lipid enals may represent an endogenously generated, and therefore physiologically relevant, senescence inducers. To that end, we identified that 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), 4‐hydroxyhexenal (4‐HHE) or 4‐oxo‐2‐nonenal (4‐ONE) initiate the cellular senescence program of IMR90 fibroblasts and murine adipose stem cells. In such cells, lipid enals induced accumulation of γH2AX foci, increased p53 signaling, enhanced expression of p21Cip1, and upregulated the expression and secretion of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and regulatory factors independently from NF‐κB activation. Concomitantly, lipid enal treatment resulted in covalent modification of mitochondrial proteins, reduced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, altered nucleotide pools, and increased the phosphorylation of AMP kinase. Lipid‐induced senescent cells upregulated BCL2L1 (Bcl‐xL) and BCL2L2 (Bcl‐w). and were resistant to apoptosis while pharmacologic inhibition of BAX/BAK macropores attenuated lipid‐induced senescence. In situ, the 4‐HNE scavenger L‐carnosine ameliorated the development of the cellular senescence, while in visceral fat of obese C57BL/6J mice, L‐carnosine reduced the abundance of 4‐HNE‐modified proteins and blunted the expression of senescence biomarkers CDKN1A (p21Cip1), PLAUR, BCL2L1, and BCL2L2. Taken together, the results suggest that lipid enals are endogenous regulators of cellular senescence and that biogenic lipid‐induced senescence (BLIS) may represent a mechanistic link between oxidative stress and age‐dependent pathologies.
Peri‐implant medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw mimicking endodontic disease in a cancer patient: A case report
Authors: Rocha André Caroli , Mota Maria Emília , Lima Ricardo Costa , Pereira Nayara Fernanda , Alves Fabio Abreu , Moreira Maria Stella
Published: October 2024

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a progressive condition that can cause significant bone loss and its diagnosis can be challenging. A 68‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, undergoing treatment with atezolizumab, bevacizumab and zoledronic acid, complained of spontaneous pain in the right lower second premolar. Oral examination revealed no dental changes and implants in the right jaw. A patient history and thorough clinical and radiographic examinations mimic endodontic disease. The implant crowns were removed, bleeding on probing, and peri‐implant pockets were observed. The main hypothesis was MRONJ Stage 2, and the surgical treatment was performed. The pain ceased and signs of MRONJ were not observed within 3 months. MRONJ should be considered as a hypothesis in the case of odontalgia and a patient's history of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies. Furthermore, monitoring patients with dental implants in the mandible through detailed clinical and imaging evaluation is required.
Growing the peer workforce in rural mental health and social and emotional well‐being services: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Nic Giolla Easpaig Bróna , Lindeman Melissa A , Watson Penny , Liu Xianliang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Growing the mental health peer workforce holds promise for rural communities, but we currently lack an understanding of the guidance available to support the development, implementation and sustainability of this workforce in rural settings.

Objective

Study aims are to: (1) determine the extent and nature of the literature that provides guidance for growing the peer workforce in rural mental health services; and (2) identify and explore any guidance relevant to rural peer work services dedicated to First Nations communities, including those promoting social and emotional well‐being within this body of literature.

Design

A scoping review method was employed to identify relevant peer‐reviewed and grey literature published between 2013 and 2022 across PsychInfo, Medline, Embase and CINAHL, Scopus and Informit HealthInfoNet databases, as well as targeted organisation websites and Google Advanced Search.

Findings

A total of 26 unique studies/projects were included from the US, UK, Canada and Australia with public mental health, non‐government/for purpose and private sector service settings represented in the literature. Grey literature, such as reports of evaluations and frameworks, formed the majority of included texts. While there is a lesser volume of rurally focused literature relative to the general peer work literature, this is a rich body of knowledge, which includes guidance concerning services dedicated to First Nations communities. Via synthesis critical considerations were identified for the development, implementation and sustainability of peer work in rural mental health services across six domains: ‘Working with community members and stakeholders’, ‘Organisational culture and governance’, Working with others and in teams, Professional expertise and experience, Being part of and working in the community and ‘Local mental health services capacity’.

Discussion

While there are considerations relevant across a range of settings, the domains of: ‘working with community members and stakeholders’, ‘being part of and working in the community’ and ‘local mental health services capacity’, capture additional, distinct and nuanced challenges and opportunities for growing the peer work in rural services.

Conclusion

The literature offers insights valuable for service planning, policy development and the allocation of resources to support rural peer workforce growth.
Are Pre‐Hospitalization ECG Abnormalities Associated With Increased Mortality in COVID‐19 Patients? A Quantitative Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Askey Danielle , Smith Ann
Published: October 2024

Background

While COVID‐19 is predominantly a respiratory disease, cardiovascular complications occur and are associated with worse outcomes. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities are frequently observed in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, some of which are associated with increased mortality. It is unclear whether ECG abnormalities occurring before hospitalization are associated with increased mortality. This quantitative systematic literature review aims to determine which ECG changes occurring before hospitalization are associated with mortality and discuss whether these findings can aid the assessment of patients and decision‐making in the pre‐hospital environment.

Methods

A systematic search of the following digital databases was conducted: CINAL, PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Coronavirus Research Database. Eight cohort studies (primary papers) including COVID‐19 patients with ECGs taken in the Emergency Department before hospitalization were selected for quantitative synthesis and results were obtained for the prevalence of ECG changes among survivors compared with non‐survivors. Odds and hazard ratios for ECG abnormalities associated with mortality were also collected and compared.

Results

Identification of ECG abnormalities on pre‐hospitalization ECG is associated with increased mortality in COVID‐19 patients. These ECG abnormalities include non‐sinus rhythm, QTc prolongation, left bundle branch block, axis deviation, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, right ventricular strain patterns, ST segment changes, T wave abnormalities, and evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Conclusion

Electrocardiogram assessment in the pre‐hospital environment may be beneficial when assessing COVID‐19 patients and could help identify patients at increased risk of mortality.
Unusual Recurrent Multivessel Coronary Artery Spasm: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Amro Alhareth M. , Yasini Mohammad , Sharif Ghayda' , Nassr Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Coronary artery spasms (CAS) can manifest in various forms, from silent ischemia to severe cardiac events like myocardial infarction and sudden death. This case involves a 56‐year‐old male with recurrent ischemic chest pain and varying ECG signs. Cardiac catheterization revealed multiple coronary spasms that resolved spontaneously or with intracoronary nitroglycerin. The report emphasizes the severe presentations of multiple CAS and the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation to avoid unnecessary interventions, highlighting the diagnostic challenges in managing such cases.
Micropapillary pattern in colorectal cancer: an Australian multicentre experience
Authors: Bakmiwewa Supun Madushani , Diab Jason , De Silva Dinuke , Ng Zi Qin , Rutland Tristan , Sarofim Mina , MacKenzie Scott
Published: October 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is increasingly identified as a poor prognostic marker in various cancers, including breast, bladder and lung. It remains an under recognized subtype in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, implications and impact on survival of MPC in colorectal cancer in an Australian cohort.

Methods

A retrospective review of all colorectal cancer resections in two tertiary centres in Sydney Australia was performed, between 2019 and 2024. MPC was identified on histolopathology as per standard guidelines of the resected specimens. Variables collected included age, sex, TNM, site, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and lymph node involvement.

Results

Of 597 colorectal cancer resections during the study period, 21 cases of MPC were identified (3.5%). Mean age was 60 years (SD 15 years). Twenty patients (95%) had T3–T4 tumours, 19 (90%) had positive lymph node involvement, 18 (86%) had confirmed or suspected LVI, and 4 (19%) had distant metastatic disease. Overall 1‐year survival was 90% and 3‐year survival was 76%.

Conclusion

MPC is associated with high risk features in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Accurate histopathological diagnosis of these more aggressive cancers should guide prognostication, individualized adjuvant treatment and close surveillance.
Retroperitoneal granuloma in a cat caused by Nocardia brasiliensis resulting in bilateral ureteral entrapment and unilateral hydronephrosis
Authors: Lee K , Pritchard E , Donahoe SL , Malik R , Krockenberger M
Published: October 2024

Nocardia infections in cats most commonly present as subcutaneous wounds, or less commonly, as pneumonia, purulent pleurisy and disseminated disease. Abdominal involvement is rarely reported, and to date, localised retroperitoneal infection has only been reported in people. This report describes a five‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat living in Canberra, Australia, that presented with a two‐month history of pyrexia and inappetence progressing to anorexia. Ultrasonography showed a large retroperitoneal mass incorporating both ureters. Euthanasia was elected because of the guarded prognosis. Necropsy examination revealed the mass to be comprised of extensive pyogranulomatous inflammation with fibrosis, Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon and filamentous Gram‐positive bacteria. Culture and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry identified the causative agent as Nocardia brasiliensis. N. brasiliensis is commonly diagnosed as a cause of cutaneous nocardiosis in Australian human patients, but to date has only been reported in one cat from the United States and one dog from Australia. A treatment approach that might have been used in such a case is provided even though the cat's owners elected not to proceed with surgical intervention.
Counseling About Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Lactation: A Qualitative Study of Patient and Clinician Perspectives
Authors: Cernat Alexandra , Carruthers Andrea , Taneja Shipra , Popoola Anuoluwa , Greyson Devon , Panday Janelle , Darling Elizabeth , McDonald Sarah D. , Black Morgan , Murray‐Davis Beth , Vanstone Meredith
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Legalization in many jurisdictions has increased the prevalence of cannabis use, including during pregnancy and lactation. Accordingly, clinicians providing perinatal and infant care are increasingly required to counsel about this topic, even if they do not feel comfortable or prepared for this conversation. The aim of this research was to explore how prenatal clinicians and pregnant and lactating women interact with cannabis consumption.

Methods

Using qualitative description, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 75 individuals in Canada: 23 clinicians who provide pregnancy and lactation care, and 52 individuals who made cannabis consumption decisions during pregnancy and/or lactation. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Three phases of the clinical encounter influenced decision‐making about cannabis consumption: initiation of a discussion about cannabis, sense‐making, and the outcome of the encounter. Patients and clinicians described similar ideals for a counseling encounter about cannabis consumption during pregnancy or lactation: open, patient‐centered conversation grounded in an informed decision‐making model to explore the benefits, risks, and alternatives to cannabis. While clinicians described these values as reflecting real clinical interactions, patients reported that in their experience, actual interactions did not live up to these ideals.

Conclusion

Clinicians and pregnant and lactating people report desiring the same things from a counseling interaction about cannabis: sharing of information, identification of values, and facilitation of a decision. Both groups endorse an open, nonjudgemental counseling approach that explores the reasons why a patient is considering cannabis consumption and reflects these reasons against available evidence and alternatives known to be safe.
The Representation of Women in Chilean Advertising: Changes and Continuities in the Context of the Establishment of a Consumer Culture (1980–2013)
Authors: Porath William , Vergara Enrique , Labarca Claudia , Gómez‐Lorenzini Paulina , Ortega‐Gunckel Constanza
Published: October 2024

This paper comparatively analyses the representation of women in Chilean print advertising in 1980 and 2013, years that represent the beginning and consolidation of a modernisation process, in which consumption became one of the main axes of social life and advertising, a major actor in the public space. Notwithstanding the far‐reaching process of modernisation and the major transformations in Chilean society, advertisements in 2013 still depict stereotypical gender representations. For example, women assume passive roles that do not reflect their growing independence as a result of their integration into the labour market.
Breaking the barriers: Overcoming cancer resistance by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Pazhouhesh Far Nazanin , Hajiheidari Varnousafaderani Mahsa , Faghihkhorasani Ferdos , Etemad Sareh , Abdulwahid Al‐Hasnawi Rasool Riyadh , Bakhtiarinia Negar , Mousaei Afsaneh , Dortaj Elahe , Karimi Soroush , Ebrahimi Nasim , Aref Amir Reza
Published: October 2024

Inflammation has a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various cancers, contributing to crucial processes such as metastasis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, the release of cytokines mediated by inflammation within the tumour microenvironment (TME) has a crucial role in orchestrating these events. The activation of inflammatory caspases, facilitated by the recruitment of caspase‐1, is initiated by the activation of pattern recognition receptors on the immune cell membrane. This activation results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β and IL‐18, and participates in diverse biological processes with significant implications. The NOD‐Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome holds a central role in innate immunity and regulates inflammation through releasing IL‐1β and IL‐18. Moreover, it interacts with various cellular compartments. Recently, the mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation have garnered considerable attention. Disruption in NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been associated with a spectrum of inflammatory diseases, encompassing diabetes, enteritis, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and tumours. The NLRP3 impact on tumorigenesis varies across different cancer types, with contrasting roles observed. For example, colorectal cancer associated with colitis can be suppressed by NLRP3, whereas gastric and skin cancers may be promoted by its activity. This review provides comprehensive insights into the structure, biological characteristics and mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with a specific focus on the relationship between NLRP3 and tumour‐related immune responses, and TME. Furthermore, the review explores potential strategies for targeting cancers via NLRP3 inflammasome modulation. This encompasses innovative approaches, including NLRP3‐based nanoparticles, gene‐targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Tumor immune microenvironment dynamics and outcomes of prognosis in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Kamitani Rei , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Anno Tadatsugu , Murakami Tetsushi , Masuda Tsukasa , Yasumizu Yota , Takeda Toshikazu , Morita Shinya , Kosaka Takeo , Mikami Shuji , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Oya Mototsugu
Published: October 2024

Agents that target PD‐1 and PD‐L1 have been developed in the treatment of bladder cancer (BC). However, the diversity of immune cell infiltration in non‐muscle‐invasive BC (NMIBC) and the dynamics of the microenvironment as it progresses to muscle‐invasive/metastatic disease remains unknown. To assess tumor immune activity, hierarchical clustering was applied to 159 BC samples based on cellular positivity for the defined immune cellular markers (CD3/CD4/CD8/FOXP3/CD20/PD‐1/PD‐L1/LAG3/TIGIT), divided into two clusters. There was a “hot cluster” (25%) consisting of patients with a high expression of these markers and a “cold cluster” (75%) comprising those without. The expression of CD39, CD44, CD68, CD163, IDO1, and Ki67 was significantly higher in tumors in the hot cluster. Immunologically, high‐grade T1 tumors were significantly hotter, whereas tumors that had progressed to muscle invasion turned cold. However, a certain number of high‐grade NMIBC patients were in the cold cluster, and these patients had a significantly higher risk of disease progression. Using an externally available TCGA dataset, RB1 and TP53 alterations were more frequently observed in TCGA hot cluster; rather FGFR3, KDM6A, and KMT2A alterations were common in TCGA cold/intermediate cluster. Analyses of recurrent tumors after BCG therapy revealed that tumor immune activity was widely maintained before and after treatment, and high FGFR3 expression was detected after recurrence in tumors initially classified into the cold cluster. Collectively, we revealed the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment in BC as a whole and identified candidate molecules as therapeutic targets for recurrent NMIBC, e.g., after BCG therapy.
Benign polymorphisms in the BRCA genes with linkage disequilibrium is associated with cancer characteristics
Authors: Lee Kuo‐Ting , Chen Dao‐Peng , Loh Zhu‐Jun , Chung Wei‐Pang , Wang Chih‐Yang , Chen Pai‐Sheng , Cheung Chun Hei Antonio , Chang Chih‐Peng , Hsu Hui‐Ping
Published: October 2024

Germline pathogenic mutation of the BRCA gene increases the prevalence of breast cancer. Reports on the benign variants of BRCA genes are limited. However, the definition of these variants might be altered with the accumulation of clinical evidence. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on benign single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BRCA genes. Linkage disequilibrium was calculated from whole genome sequencing of the BRCA genes obtained from 500 healthy controls and 49 breast cancer patients. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the mutation. The linkage disequilibrium was noted for seven and three SNPs in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively. Breast cancer with BRCA1/2 linkage disequilibrium was not correlated with a personal history of benign diseases or family history of cancer. Nevertheless, breast cancer with BRCA1 linkage disequilibrium was correlated with high tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and positive extensive intraductal components. The patients with BRCA1 linkage disequilibrium tended to have worse disease‐specific survival. Cancers with BRCA2 linkage disequilibrium are associated with a lower ratio of grade III cancer. Moreover, patients with BRCA2 linkage disequilibrium tended to have better overall survival. In conclusion, linkage disequilibrium from benign SNPs of the BRCA genes potentially affects cancer characteristics.
Agency and voice: Using critical theory to reposition children from refugee backgrounds when considering their transition to school in Australia
Authors: Green Jennifer , Neilsen‐Hewett Cathrine , Howard Steven , Mekonnen Tebeje Molla
Published: October 2024

A wide range of benefits are associated with children's positive transition to school. Applying a critical sociological lens in understanding transitions allows for cycles of sociocultural inequality to be challenged and disrupted. This is of particular importance for understanding transition experiences of children from socially demarcated groups, such as children from refugee backgrounds. This paper outlines how critical sociological theory can be used to identify settler‐colonial ideology and to unpack how children are understood and positioned within their broader sociocultural context, and how this understanding can lead to a strength‐based approach that recognises the rights, agency and voice of children and their families.
Patch test results to the Spanish baseline patch test series according to age groups: A multicentric prospective study from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Pesqué David , Planella‐Fontanillas Nidia , Borrego Leopoldo , Sanz‐Sánchez Tatiana , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta , Serra‐Baldrich Esther , Miquel‐Miquel Francisco Javier , Silvestre‐Salvador Juan Francisco , Córdoba‐Guijarro Susana , Sánchez‐Gilo Araceli , Mercader‐García Pedro , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco José , Ortiz‐de‐Frutos Francisco Javier , Tous‐Romero Fátima , Rodríguez‐Serna Mercedes , Melé‐Ninot Gemma , Barrabés‐Torrella Cristina , Ruiz‐González Inmaculada , Pastor‐Nieto María Antonia , Carrascosa‐Carrillo José Manuel , Gómez‐de‐la‐Fuente Enrique , Sánchez‐Pedreño‐Guillén Paloma , Sánchez‐Pérez Javier , Pereyra‐Rodríguez José Juan , Gatica‐Ortega María Elena , González‐Pérez Ricardo , Pujol Ramon Maria , Descalzo Miguel Ángel Gallego , García‐Doval Ignacio , Giménez‐Arnau Ana María
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patch test results may be influenced by age‐related factors. However, there is still discordant evidence between age and patch test results.

Objectives

We aim to evaluate the patch test results reflecting skin sensitisation, their relevance and association with clinical features by age group.

Methods

Prospective multicentric study of all patients patch tested with the Spanish baseline series in participating centres. Age groups were pre‐defined as children (0‐ to 11‐years), adolescents (12‐ to 18‐years), young adults (19‐ to 30‐years), middle‐aged adults (31‐ to 65‐years) and older adults (≥66‐years). Occurrence of sensitisation, relevance and clinical features were compared by age group. Factors associated with skin sensitisation were investigated with multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 13 368 patients were patch‐tested. Differences in positive patch test results and relevance by age were detected with the highest proportion in middle‐aged adults. Age‐related trend differences were found for nickel, potassium dichromate, caines, colophony, Myroxylon pereirae resin, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and limonene hydroperoxide. The multivariate logistic analysis (adjusted for sex, atopic dermatitis, body location and occupational dermatitis) showed an association between the age group of 31–65 (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.26–1.58) and above 66‐years (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32) with a higher proportion of positive results, compared with young adults.

Conclusions

Positive patch test results vary according to age, with the highest occurrence in middle‐aged adults. Most haptens did not present age‐related differences, reinforcing the use of baseline series regardless of age.
Non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery: randomized feasibility trial and efficacy assessment (IDEAL Stage 2B)
Authors: Chapman Stephen J. , Kowal Mikolaj , Helliwell Jack A. , Lockwood Sonia , Naylor Maureen , Croft Julie , Farley Katherine , Stocken Deborah D. , Jayne David G.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Ileus is characterized by a period of intestinal dysmotility after surgery, leading to vomiting and constipation. In preclinical models, vagus nerve stimulation reduces intestinal inflammation and prevents smooth muscle dysfunction, accelerating the return of gut function. This study explored the feasibility of a definitive trial of non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) along with an early assessment of efficacy.

Method

A multicentre, randomized feasibility trial (IDEAL Stage 2B) of self‐administered nVNS was performed. Patients undergoing colorectal surgery were randomized to nVNS or sham before and after surgery. Feasibility outcomes comprised assessments of recruitment, compliance, blinding and attrition. Clinical outcomes were measures of intestinal function and adverse events. All participants were followed up for 30 days. Interviews with patients and health professionals explored barriers to feasibility and perspectives around implementation.

Results

In all, 125 patients were approached about the study and 97 (77.6%) took part. Across all randomized groups, the median compliance to treatment was 19 out of 20 stimulations (interquartile range 17–20). The incidence of adverse events was similar across groups. In this unpowered feasibility study, the time taken for the return of gut function (such as first passage of stool) was similar between nVNS and sham treatments. According to interviews, patients were highly motivated to use the device because it provided them with an opportunity to engage actively in their care. Health professionals were highly driven to tackle the problem of ileus.

Conclusion

Powered assessments of clinical efficacy are required to confirm or refute the promise of nVNS, as already demonstrated in preclinical models. This feasibility study concludes that a definitive randomized assessment of the clinical benefits of nVNS is desired and feasible.
1118. Dendrocacalia crepidifolia (Nakai) Nakai
Authors: Nagamasu Hidetoshi , Yamanaka Masumi , Yasue Naoko
Published: October 2024

The monotypic genus Dendrocacalia (Nakai) Nakai, with the species Dendrocacalia crepidifolia (Nakai) Nakai, a large shrub or small tree from the Bonin Islands or Ogasawara of Japan, is described and illustrated. Its ecology, pollination, dioecy and conservation are discussed; a detailed description is given. The species is now apparently restricted to the Haha‐jima island group, where the largest number of populations exist on Haji‐jima itself. Threats to its conservation are from two invasive trees, Ficus microcarpa and Psidium littorale.
The University of Tokyo's Conservation Work in the Ogasawara Islands
Authors: Kawakita Atsushi , Komaki Yoshiteru , Tanaka Takefumi , Ideno Takahito
Published: October 2024

The flora of the Ogasawara Islands is briefly described, and the causes of its decline are discussed. The conservation of endangered plants of Ogasawara since the 1980s by the Koishikawa Botanical Garden, The University of Tokyo, is detailed, with notes on the pollination biology of endemic species.
The Political Economy of Reparations and the Dialectic of Transnational Capitalism
Authors: Watson Hilbourne A.
Published: October 2024

The contemporary global capitalist crisis provides the context for studying reparations, the struggles for which face uphill challenges, foremost because transnational capital will only engage with reparations to serve its own interests. Far from being a panacea for historical wrongs, reparations campaigns are shaped by the historical logics of capitalist accumulation and the liberal racial social contract. The cases of Namibia and the Commonwealth Caribbean (CARICOM) that are examined in this study highlight the contradictions that underpin the demand for reparations arising from genocide in Namibia and capitalist slavery in the CARICOM region. The cases reveal an association of reparations initiatives with buying complicity or capitalist fixes rather than reparative justice for historical grievances, while more autonomous demands for reparations face violent suppression, as in the case of Haiti. Today's reparations struggles are further undermined by revolutionary innovations in digital and robotics technology, confronting exploited racialized populations with a rapidly dwindling supply of jobs. This article locates the contemporary reparations debate within the wider context of global capitalism and its racialized liberal foundations, tracing the links between colonial wrongs, international power relations and ongoing systems of capitalist accumulation which reparations are used to stabilize rather than challenge. It is thus difficult to make a case for the transformational potential of reparations.
Ukrainian refugees in Romania: perception and social challenges
Authors: Mitrică Bianca , Bălteanu Dan , Damian Nicoleta , Saghin Despina , Precup Irinel , Ilieș Marin , Lupchian Maria‐Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Millions of people from Ukraine have been forced to flee their homes to seek safety, protection, and assistance owing to armed conflict. This study aims to draw a parallel between the meaning and importance of the initial impact of Russian military aggression in February 2022 and the recent plight of Ukrainian refugees on Romania's territory. It is based on the results of a dedicated thematic survey of Ukrainian refugees as part of fieldwork carried out by the authors between March and April 2022 and a survey launched by the United Nations Refugee Agency in Romania between October 2022 and August 2023. The study emphasises the importance of raising awareness and building solidarity and support to counterbalance the effects of the crisis with respect to: (i) refugees in their hometowns and losses incurred; (ii) refugees' needs, help provided, and expectations; (iii) the need to integrate refugees into different fields of daily life; and (iv) a return to Ukraine.
Refining the role of presurgical PET/4D‐CT in a large series of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing [18F]Fluorocholine PET/CT
Authors: Kaseb Ashjan , Benider Houda , Treglia Giorgio , Cusumano Caterina , Bessac Darejan , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Vix Michel , Piccardo Arnoldo , Latgé Adrien , Imperiale Alessio
Published: October 2024

Background

4D‐CT has garnered attention as complementary imaging for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Herein we evaluated a diagnostic strategy using [18F]Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT), followed by 4D‐CT integrated into PET/4D‐CT after negative/inconclusive PET/CT results in a single‐center retrospective cohort of 166 pHPT patients who underwent parathyroidectomy after [18F]Fluorocholine PET/4D‐CT.

Methods

PET/CT and 4D‐CT images were interpreted by three nuclear medicine physicians and one expert radiologist. Pathological findings were documented, and concordance rates were assessed. PET/CT results were categorized as positive/negative, with positive cases rated on a 3‐level certitude scale: low, moderate, high. Inconclusive cases included low/moderate positivity. The added value of PET/4D‐CT was assessed for negative/inconclusive cases through joint reading.

Results

PET/CT lesion‐based analysis showed almost perfect interobserver concordance (Cohen's kappa >.8). Across the cohort, PET/CT had a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 97%, PPV of 90% and NPV of 94%. For 4D‐CT, these values were sensitivity: 53%, specificity: 84%, PPV: 56% and NPV: 82%. PET/CT was significantly more accurate than 4D‐CT. Among 44 patients with negative/inconclusive results, PET/CT had sensitivity: 60%, specificity: 91%, PPV: 71% and NPV: 86%. In the same patients, sensitivity and specificity of the sequential diagnostic algorithm increased to 80% and 97%, showing significantly better global accuracy (92% vs. 83%) than standard PET/CT.

Conclusions

We support a personalized imaging algorithm for pHPT, placing [18F]Fluorocholine PET/CT at the forefront, followed by 4D‐CT integrated into PET/4D‐CT in the same imaging session for negative/inconclusive results. When PET/CT results are clearly positive, the additional sensitivity benefit of 4D‐CT is minimal.
Sustainable Growth of Learner Engagement and Well‐Being Through Social (Teacher and Peer) Support: The Mediator Role of Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Song Yang
Published: October 2024

The facilitation of learners' achievement may be enhanced by considering the role of different constructs of positive psychology (PP) such as well‐being and engagement. Besides, there is a widespread belief that self‐efficacy has become an important psychological construct that can affect learners' academic performance. Additionally, the interpersonal connections that learners have with their teachers and peers within the educational setting play a pivotal role in their intellectual development. Several studies have confirmed that both peers and teachers have a significant role in shaping the academic performance of learners. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the potential relationship between peer and teacher support and its impact on learner engagement (LE), and well‐being with the mediator role of self‐efficacy. Therefore, this research was designed to examine it among 640 students in China. The package of five questionnaires, namely the teacher and peer support, LE, well‐being, and self‐efficacy was administered to collect the data. The results obtained from the structural equation model (SEM) indicated that students who receive higher levels of support from their educators and classmates were engaged more and had high well‐being. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that social (teacher and peer) support was a predictor of both well‐being (β = 0.436, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.666, p < 0.01). Furthermore, social (teacher and peer) support was a strong predictor of efficacy (β = 0.768, p < 0.01). Indeed, self‐efficacy could predict both well‐being (β = 0.446, p < 0.01) and engagement (β = 0.183, p < 0.01). As a result, some suggestions are recommended for teachers, students, teacher educators and other members of the academic community.
What Matters in PhD Students' Creativity? The Roles of Academic Psychological Capital and Academic Engagement
Authors: Cao Fei , Li Mengting , Zhang Li‐fang
Published: October 2024

Drawing on the job demands–resources theory, this study pioneered the investigation of the influence of academic psychological capital (including self‐efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) on PhD students' creativity (including novelty and usefulness). It further explored the mediating role of academic engagement (including vigour, dedication, and absorption) in this relationship. A sample of 376 PhD students at two comprehensive universities in Jiangsu province, mainland China, responded to an online survey. Results showed that: (1) PhD students' self‐efficacy, resilience, and optimism positively predicted novelty, and all four dimensions of academic psychological capital positively predicted the usefulness dimension of creativity; and (2) dedication mediated the effects of hope and optimism on both novelty and usefulness; however, vigour and absorption did not mediate the association between academic psychological capital and creativity. The findings highlight the significance of academic psychological capital and academic engagement, especially dedication, in optimising PhD students' creativity.
Individual Education Plan Priorities: Insights From the Autistic Community and Educators Supporting Autistic Learners
Authors: Gormley Laura , Ramey Devon , Grennan Carrie , Koka Nathalie
Published: October 2024

Individual education plan (IEP) quality is a strong predictor of student outcomes and progress towards their goals. In the Republic of Ireland, unlike many other jurisdictions, IEPs are not compulsory, regulated or assessed. Therefore, the aim of our co‐produced, mixed‐methods study was to identify and understand the IEP priorities of the autistic community as well as educators supporting autistic students in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. In total, 109 participants completed the survey. Sixty‐five of the participants were non‐autistic educators, 34 were autistic non‐educators, and 10 were autistic educators. Social inclusion, independence and communication were IEP goals prioritised by all participant groups. Promotion of autistic well‐being was the primary reason for these priorities. The impact of these findings, particularly as they relate to Initial Teacher Education, is discussed.
Biological Findings and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated With R‐CHOP Plus High‐Dose Methotrexate as First‐Line Therapy in Large B‐Cell Lymphoma With Testis Involvement
Authors: Liévin R. , Burroni B. , Balducci E. , Palmic P. , Decroocq J. , Deau‐Fischer B. , Franchi P. , Vignon M. , Zerbit J. , Cottereau A. S. , Touzart A. , Villarese P. , Kaltenbach S. , Lhermitte L. , Asnafi V. , Bouscary D. , Willems L.
Published: October 2024

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare occurrence of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that accounts for 1%–2% of all cases. Nodal DLBCL with testis involvement (DLBCL‐T) and PTL are associated with poor prognosis, with high incidence of central nervous system relapse. Fifteen patients (median age 60 years) with PTL (n = 5) or DLBCL‐T (n = 10) received high‐dose methotrexate + R‐CHOP. Overall, complete response (CR) rate was 73% and overall response rate 86%. With a 3.9‐year median follow‐up, 100% of patients with PTL had CR and none relapsed. On the contrary, 55% of DLBCL‐T patients achieved CR among which only one was still in remission at the end of follow‐up. Molecular parallels between PTL and Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) suggest shared origins, urging further research for tailored treatments and enhanced understanding of these lymphomas' biology.
Pallidal neuronal activity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and dystonic patients: A comparative study
Authors: Lamothe Hugues , Karachi Carine , Lehongre Katia , Buot Anne , Grabli David , Thobois Stephane , Burguière Eric , Giordana Caroline , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Mallet Luc , Vidailhet Marie , Welter Marie‐Laure
Published: October 2024

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and dystonia (DYS) are both hyperkinetic movement disorders effectively treated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi). In this study, we compared single‐neuron activity in the GPi between 18 GTS patients (with an average of 41 cells per patient) and 17 DYS patients (with an average of 54 cells per patient), all of whom underwent bilateral pallidal stimulation surgery, under general anesthesia or while awake at rest. We found no significant differences in GPi neuronal activity characteristics between patients operated on under general anesthesia versus those who were awake, irrespective of their diagnosis (GTS or DYS). We found higher firing rates, firing rate in bursts, pause duration and interspike interval coefficient of variation in GTS patients compared to DYS patients. On the opposite, we found higher number of pauses and bursts frequency in DYS patients. Lastly, we found a higher proportion of GPi oscillatory activities in DYS compared to GTS patients, with predominant activity within the low‐frequency band (theta/alpha) in both patient groups. These findings underscore the complex relationship between the different neuronal discharge characteristic such as oscillatory or bursting activity within the GPi in shaping the clinical phenotypes of hyperkinetic disorders. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of how neuronal patterns are transmitted within deep brain structures and to develop strategies aimed at normalizing these pathological activities, by refining DBS techniques to enhance treatment efficacy and individual outcomes.
Predicting and Prioritising Community Assembly: Learning Outcomes via Experiments
Authors: Blonder Benjamin W. , Lim Michael H. , Godoy Oscar
Published: October 2024

Community assembly provides the foundation for applications in biodiversity conservation, climate change, invasion, restoration and synthetic ecology. However, predicting and prioritising assembly outcomes remains difficult. We address this challenge via a mechanism‐free approach useful when little data or knowledge exist (LOVE; Learning Outcomes Via Experiments). We carry out assembly experiments (‘actions’, here, random combinations of species additions) potentially in multiple environments, wait, and measure abundance outcomes. We then train a model to predict outcomes of novel actions or prioritise actions that would yield the most desirable outcomes. Across 10 single‐ and multi‐environment datasets, when trained on 89 randomly selected actions, LOVE predicts outcomes with 0.5%–3.4% mean error, and prioritises actions for maximising richness, maximising abundance, or removing unwanted species, with 94%–99% mean true positive rate and 10%–84% mean true negative rate across tasks. LOVE complements existing mechanism‐first approaches for community ecology and may help address numerous applied challenges.