bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Pathology – From Slides to Screen
Authors: Gupta Alpana , Ranjan Richa , Bajaj Anantpreet Kaur , Pathak Abhishek
Published: August 2023

The term ‘Digital Pathology’ (DP) is used to denote digitisation efforts in pathology. DP can be defined as the digitalisation of gross and microscopic tissue specimens. Digital slides are created by scanning glass slides with a scanning device to provide high-resolution digital images that can then be managed, analysed, distributed and stored as digital images. Whole slide imaging helps to get high-resolution digital slides, the pathologist can scan the slides rapidly and focus by zooming in and out on the monitor using the keyboard, mouse, or his/her finger and gather information to make the diagnosis. These images are an accurate representation of the scanned glass slide and in some applications; they may be more valuable than the actual glass slides in terms of image resolution and ease of identification of specific diagnostic features. Digital imaging can be subdivided into two classes, that is, the digital microscopes to create a digital image and diagnosis-aided systems to detect the region of interest and give a presumptive diagnosis. The various benefits of using DP are similar in concordance in diagnosis as with glass slides with rapid access to second opinion, archiving and retrieval of slide images are much easier, and case histories and diagnostic information can be easily shared and retrieved. Another important field is the medical education, for graduates and postgraduate students, where difficult and rare cases can be shared and stored. The integration of clinical, laboratory and radiology data with pathology images, applying artificial intelligence (AI) for correlation is called computational pathology, which is the future of diagnostics. However, DP still has to deal with issues such as large data storage, high initial investment, confidentiality and lack of standardisation. These issues are being dealt with and newer solutions are being discussed. DP has started to expand and there are many well-established DP companies working towards the advanced diagnostic skills for pathologists and building the required business framework to support the development of precision medicine. Few biopharmaceutical companies and top clinical research organisations have adopted the concept of DP to streamline their drug development processes. DP can be relevant with the advent of assays such as markers or multiplex, which are difficult to discern with the human eye. With the increased use of exponential technologies such as AI and machine learning, enhanced translational research, computer-aided diagnosis and personalised medicine is expected to grow in the near future. After a DP system has been successfully deployed and integrated, the possibilities are immense. It is assumed that DP is not meant for taking pathologists out of the picture, infact with the emerging data analytics tools, DP will undoubtedly allow pathologists to make a more accurate and consistent diagnosis in the near future.
RESULTS OF PAIN TREATMENT IN MILITARY MEDICAL CLINICAL CENTERS FOR COMBATANTS AFTER GUNSHOT WOUNDS
Authors: HOROSHKO V.R. , KUCHYN IU.L
Published: August 2023

Resume. Unfortunately, the treatment of combatants with gunshot wounds does not end with wound healing. In 66.7 %-73.1 % of these patients, pain becomes chronic and affects quality of life. Therefore, studying the results of pain treatment in combatants after gunshot wounds in military medical clinical centers can help identify weaknesses on the way to improving the results of treatment of this category of patients.

Objective. To study the results of treatment of combatants' pain after gunshot wounds in military medical clinical centres.

Methods. The data on the results of treatment of 769 combatants with gunshot wounds after combat operations are presented. The intensity of pain during treatment was monitored using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Also, the time interval between analgesia was recorded. The groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney test and the chi-square test, taking into account the correction for continuity. To test the distribution of quantitative indicators for normality, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, and to analyse the dynamics of indicators, the Friedman test for related samples was used, and a posteriori comparison was performed using the Bonferroni correction.

Results. On admission, the VAS pain intensity in the 2 groups was practically the same and met the criteria of moderate and severe pain, here the number of points ranged from 4 to 7, which indicates the lack of quality pain control and low effectiveness of analgesia in the preliminary stages or during medical evacuation. on the 14th day after injury, the VAS pain intensity practically corresponded to 2 points – mild pain, which indicates stable pain control and sufficiently high-quality pain treatment. However, on the 9th day of observation (p=0.009, and then <0.001), there was a difference, which is most likely due to the number of injured anatomical areas of the patient. The intervals between anesthetizations gradually increased. However, from the 10th day of observation there is a difference between the groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The data obtained indicate that at the stage of treatment in military mobile hospitals, from which combatants are evacuated to military medical clinical centres, as well as during evacuation, more attention should be paid to the issue of pain management, because the lack of quality pain control between treatment stages is one of the factors that affects the frequency of pain chronicity.
DISCUSSED PROBLEMS OF USING LOCAL ANESTHETICS FOR ULTRASOUND-DIAGNOSED EDEMA
Authors: DMYTRIIEV D. , LISAK Ye.
Published: August 2023

Regional methods of anesthesia are widely used in surgical interventions on the lower limb, in particular on the foot. Patients with diabetes are distinguished by high comorbidity, the diabetic foot often includes swelling of varying degrees of severity.

As part of the hypothesis, it is necessary to answer the following questions: Does peri-neural edema of the subcutaneous fatty tissue reduce the effectiveness of local anesthet-ics? If so! Then, in what way? Which factor is decisive, the dilution in the edema vo-lume, or the pH of the edema fluid itself?

The degree of dilution will depend on the volume of the swelling. Indeed, in this class of patients, during ultrasound examination, we observed various patterns of edema. Which obviously correspond to different degrees of swelling. But how to objectify them? An ultrasound image is a two-dimensional image, and fluid passages (edema) chaotically fill the space between fat lobes.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF PATIENTS SAFE DISCHARGE FROM THE ICU DEPARTMENT
Authors: MAZNICHENKO V.A , TARASENKO S.O.
Published: August 2023

Analysis of the world dynamics of the number of surgical interventions indicates an increase of doctor’s engagements from of anaesthesiology and intensive care units (AICU) in the process of patient treatment surgical or therapeutic profile. Using of approved normative documents allows to standardize and formalize the assessment of patient’s condition before the operation and to make decision on the selection of anaesthetic support, necessity to stay in AICU, and possibility of safely patient’s transfer to specialized department. The use of standardized system of assessment of patient’s condition is the effective tool for work planning of intensive care patients. The checklist «Criterion for the safe transfer of patients from AICU» allows to assess the patient’s condition in the absence of integrative system.
THE EFFECT OF SEDATION STRATEGY ON THE FREQUENCY OF POSTOPERATIVE ARRHYTHMIAS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERIES WITH BYPASS
Authors: PLECHYSTA Y. , DUBROV S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Postoperative arrhythmias are a frequent problem after surgical interventions, both noncardiac and cardiac surgeries. A 20% higher frequency of rhythm disturbances occurs in patients after cardiac surgery. Postoperative arrhythmia has many variations. Such arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias. There are many conflicting facts about the effect of sedative drugs, which are most often used at the moment: propofol, dexmedetomidine, on reducing the frequency of postoperative arrhythmias.
Purpose: To analyze whether there is a difference in the frequency of postoperative arrhythmia in patients in different groups sedated with propofol, dexmedetomidine and their combination.
Materials and methods: This is a randomized controlled parallel study. The study included 356 patients over 18 years of age who underwent cardiac surgeries operative treatment. 194 patients were analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out on the basis of GraphPad Prism 9.0 software.
Results: Of the total number of patients in the propofol sedation group without prior rhythm disturbance, in whom arrhythmia was detected in the postoperative period, n=13 patients were registered. In the dexmedetomidine sedation group, postoperative arrhythmia was observed in 8 patients, which is also 50 % of the total number of patients in this group. Among 8 patients in whom postoperative arrhythmia was registered, 5 patients did not have rhythm problems before surgery. Of the total number of patients in the group of sedation with a combination of drugs without previous rhythm disturbance, postoperative arrhythmia was detected in 19 patients. When analyzing the frequency of postoperative arrhythmias, no difference in the frequency of postoperative arrhythmias has been detected in all three sedation strategies (p=0.1107).
Conclusions: According to the data we obtained, no difference was found in the frequency of postoperative arrhythmias in patients after cardiac surgery in any of the sedation groups (p=0.1107).
INTRAOPERATIVE HYPERCAPNIA, RISK FACTORS AND HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE PROBLEM IN TIME? THE INFLUENCE OF HYPERCAPNIA ON THE POSTOPERATIVE AWAKENING OF THE PATIENT
Authors: MORENKO A.M. , DUBROV S.O.
Published: August 2023

Summary: This article addresses the issue of intraoperative development of hypercapnia and its correlation with delayed patient awakening following intravenous (IV) sedation with preserved spontaneous respiration. A brief literature review was conducted on the development, pathogenesis of hypercapnia, and adequacy of patient monitoring during IV analgosedation with preserved spontaneous respiration. Through the analysis of literature on this topic, we have found that the adequacy of monitoring is insufficiently studied, and the correlation between saturation and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in arterial blood is not always proportional in patients undergoing deep procedural sedation with preserved spontaneous respiration (PSR). Therefore, we aim to present our own clinical experience
RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) DENGAN APLIKASI PUPUK KOMPOS BUNGA JANTAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN POC LIMBAH CAIR TAHU
Authors: Cevi Tri Susiani  , Siti Zahrah  , T. Edy Sabli
Published: August 2023

Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi jagung manis (Zea mays Saccharata Sturt.) dengan aplikasi pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit dan POC limbah cair tahu telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Riau mulai bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2021. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit dan POC limbah cair tahu terhadap pertumbuhan serta produksi jagung manis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan acak lengkap faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit dengan dosis 0, 225, 450 dan 675 g/plot dan faktor kedua yaitu POC Limbah Cair Tahu dengan dosis 0, 300, 600 dan 900 ml/plot. Parameter yang diamati sebagai berikut; tinggi tanaman (cm), laju pertumbuhan relative (g/hari), laju asimilasi bersih (mg/cm2/hari), umur berbunga betina (hari), umur panen (hari) berat tongkol pertanaman (g), panjang tongkol (cm), diameter tongkol (mm), jumlah biji pertongkol (g), dan berat kering 100 biji (g). Data hasil pengamatan dari masing-masing perlakuan dianalisis secara statistik dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi pemberian pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit dan POC limbah cair tahu berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan relatif, laju asimilasi bersih, umur panen, berat tongkol, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, berat kering 100 butir biji. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada kombinasi antara pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit 675 g/plot dan POC limbah cair tahu 900 ml/plot. Pengaruh utama pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu pupuk kompos bunga jantan kelapa sawit sebanyak 675 /plot. Pengaruh utama POC limbah cair tahu nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu POC limbah cair tahu sebanyak 900 ml/plot.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEBERHASILAN OKULASI JERUK MANIS (Citrus nobilis L.) KUOK KAMPAR MELALUI APLIKASI ZPT DAN DIAMETER SUMBER MATA ENTRES
Authors: Indra Fitra  , Hasan Basri Jumin  , Saripah Ulpah
Published: August 2023

Upaya peningkatan keberhasilan okulasi jeruk manis (Citrus nobilis L.) Kuok Kampar melalui aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh dan diameter sumber mata entres telah dilaksanakan di lahan kebun pribadi, Jalan Pendidikan, Dusun Sungai Betung, Desa Pulau Jambu, Kecamatan Kuok, Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan yang dimulai dari bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2021.Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) secara faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah zat pengatur tumbuh yang terdiri 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu: tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh, air kelapa muda murni, ekstrak bawang merah dan brassinosteroid. Faktor kedua adalah diameter ranting mata entres yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 10, 20, 30 dan 40 mm. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan maka ada 48 unit percobaan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu persentasi hidup okulasi, umur entres tumbuh, laju asimilasi bersih (LAB), laju pertumbuhan relatif (LPR), panjang tunas, diameter tunas, jumlah daun pada tunas dan anatomi tanaman. Data dianalisis secara statistik dan dilanjutkan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh interaksi zat pengatur tumbuh dan diameter sumber mata entres nyata terhadap semua parameter, perlakuan dengan dosis terbaik dihasilkan oleh perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh ekstrak bawang merah 9 ml/l air dan diameter sumber mata entres 30 mm. Pengaruh utama zat pengatur tumbuh nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Perlakuan terbaik dihasilkan oleh perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh ekstrak bawang merah 9 ml/l air. Pengaruh utama diameter sumber mata entres nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan. Perlakuan terbaik dihasilkan oleh diameter sumber mata entres 30 mm.
Metode moderne de tratament pentru scăderea mortalităţii şi morbidităţii pacientului pediatric cu arsuri
Authors: Caba Bogdan , Frunză Bianca-Andreea , Caba Ioana-Cezara , Susanu Sidonia
Published: August 2023

Burns can have different etiologies and different areas and degrees. Depending on the severity, they can be ac­com­pa­nied by significant morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment decrease the duration of healing and chronic complications. Along­side skin grafts, there are a multitude of modern treat­ment techniques, such as negative pressure therapy or skin substitutes, that decrease the inflammatory re­sponse and the infectious risk, and promote healing. The use of these methods depends on the doctors’ ex­pe­rience, product availability and cost-benefit ratio.
Acurateţea testelor neinvazive la copii pentru precizia diagnosticului de infecţie cu Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Bordei Luiza Elena , Pleşca Doina Anca
Published: August 2023

Helicobacter pylori infection is aquired in childhood, af­fects more than half of the world population and is as­so­cia­ted with chronic gastritis. The majority of the in­fec­ted children are asymptomatic. The most frequently used tests for the detection of Helicobacter pylori are ¹³C urea breath test and stool antigen test. Objective. In this stu­dy, we evaluated the accuracy and the utility of the ¹³C urea breath test and Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test in young children. We performed a prospective ob­ser­­va­­tio­nal study of 52 symptomatic children, mostly with uninvestigated dyspepsia suggestive for an or­ga­nic di­sease. The ¹³C urea breath test was used as gold stan­dard method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter py­lo­ri in­fec­tion. Forty-two of the 52 studied children had a po­si­tive ¹³C urea breath test, respectively 21 of 42 Heli­co­bac­ter pylori infected children presented a positive rapid stool antigen test for Helicobacter pylori. Our study did not reveal a strong agreement between Helicobacter py­lo­ri rapid stool antigen test and ¹³C urea breath test. The management of Helicobacter pylori infection in chil­dren remains a problem in clinical practice, therefore test­ing for Helicobacter pylori infection has become a very important part of the diagnostic process. Another mul­ti­cen­ter study from our country is recommended.
Somnul şi depresia – înţelegerea relaţiei bidirecţionale
Authors: Tribus Laura Carina , Petrişor Ana , Pretorian Raluca
Published: August 2023

Sleep and depression are two interconnected conditions that have a bidirectional relationship. While depression can lead to sleep problems, sleep disturbances can also trigger or worsen depression symptoms. Recognizing the interconnection between these conditions and addressing them concurrently may improve the treatment outcomes and the quality of life for patients.
Opţiuni terapeutice în schizofrenia ultrarezistentă. Intervenţii nonfarmacologice (II)
Authors: Vasiliu Octavian
Published: August 2023

Clozapine-resistant or ultra-resistant schizophrenia represents a challenge for clinicians, given the lack of recommendations in all the major treatment guidelines regarding the next steps once clozapine has failed or cannot be tolerated. The first part of this narrative review investigated the pharmacological arsenal available to the clinician to deal with cases of clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. In the present section of the analysis, the results of research that explored the efficacy and tolerability of nonpharmacological methods for this type of schizophrenia will be presented. Ongoing or upcoming clinical trials in patients with ultra-resistant schizophrenia will also be reviewed. Searching electronic databases and clinical trial archives identified seven reports on the effects of psychotherapy and 15 reports on neuromodulation techniques that aimed at ameliorating psychotic symptoms and functionality in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. A number of six ongoing clinical trials targeting this type of schizophrenia are also presented. In conclusion, based on the data analyzed, cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and occupational therapy benefit from moderate-quality data to support their efficacy as add-ons to clozapine in these patients. Except for electroconvulsive therapy, the evidence for other neuromodulation techniques is, at least for now, insufficient to recommend them in ultra-resistant cases. It is necessary to carry out good quality and long-term clinical studies in order to confirm the usefulness of these adjuvant treatments.
Metallaantiaromaticity of 10-Platinacorrole Complexes
Authors: Miwa Kazuki , Yokota Tomoya , Wang Qian , Sakurai Takahiro , Fliegl Heike , Sundholm Dage , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

The aromaticity of cyclic π-conjugated organometallic compounds is known as metallaaromaticity. π-Conjugated metallacycles, such as metallabenzenes and metallapentalenes, have been investigated in order to understand the involvement of the d electrons from the metal center in the π-conjugated systems of the organic ligands. Here, we report the synthesis of Pd(II) 10-platinacorrole complexes with cyclooctadiene (COD) and norbornadiene (NBD) ligands. While the Pd(II) 10-platinacorrole COD complex adopts a distorted structure without showing appreciable antiaromaticity, the corresponding NBD complex exhibits distinct antiaromatic character due to its highly planar conformation. Detailed density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations revealed that two d orbitals are involved in the macrocyclic π-conjugation. We furthermore demonstrated that Craig–Möbius antiaromaticity is not present in the studied system. The synthesis of 10-platinacorroles enables the systematic comparison of the antiaromaticity and aromaticity of closely related porphyrin analogues, providing a better understanding of π-conjugation that involves d orbitals.
Coarsening dynamics of ternary polymer solutions with mobility and viscosity contrasts
Authors: Garcia Jan , Tree Douglas , Bagoyo Alyssa , Iwama Tatsuhiro , Delaney Kris , Fredrickson Glenn
Published: August 2023

Using phase-field simulations, we investigate the bulk coarsening dynamics of ternary polymer solutions undergoing a glass transition for two models of phase separation: diffusion-only and with hydrodynamics. The glass transition is incorporated in both models by imposing mobility and viscosity contrasts between the polymer-rich and polymer-poor phases of the evolving microstructure. For microstructures composed of polymer-poor clusters in a polymer-rich matrix, the mobility and viscosity contrasts significantly hinder coarsening, effectively leading to structural arrest. For microstructures composed of polymer-rich clusters in a polymer-poor matrix, the mobility and viscosity contrasts do not impede domain growth; rather, they change the transient concentration of the polymer-rich phase, altering the shape of the discrete domains. This effect introduces several complexities to the coarsening process, including percolation inversion of the polymer-rich and polymer-poor phases---a phenomenon normally attributed to viscoelastic phase separation.
Anion-templated synthesis of a switchable fluorescent [2]catenane for selective sensing of sulfate
Authors: Bąk Krzysztof M. , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Chmielewski Michał J.
Published: August 2023

Anion templation strategies have facilitated the synthesis of various catenane and rotaxane hosts capable of strong and selective binding of anions in competitive solvents. However, this approach has primarily relied on positively charged precursors, limiting the structural diversity and the range of potential applications of the anion-templated mechanically interlocked molecules. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of a rare electroneutral [2]catenane using a powerful, doubly charged sulfate template and a complementary diamidocarbazole-based hydrogen bonding precursor. Owing to the unique three-dimensional hydrogen bonding cavity and the embedded carbazole fluorophores, the resulting catenane receptor functions as a sensitive fluorescent turn-ON sensor for the highly hydrophilic sulfate, even in the presence of large excess of water. Importantly, the [2]catenane exhibits enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for sulfate over its parent macrocycle and other acyclic diamidocarbazole-based receptors. We demonstrate also, for the first time, that the co-conformation of the catenane may be controlled by reversible acid/base induced protonation and deprotonation of the sulfate anionic template. This approach pioneers a new strategy to induce molecular motion of interlocked components using switchable anionic templates.
A machine learning framework for remaining useful lifetime prediction of li-ion batteries using diverse neural networks
Authors: Lee Junghwan , Sun Huanli , Liu Yongshan , Liu Xue
Published: August 2023

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of li-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for enhancing the operational efficiency and safety of LIB-powered applications. It also facilitates improvements in the cell design process and the evolution of fast charging methodologies, thereby minimizing cycle testing time. While artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as promising tools for this task, identifying the optimal architecture across diverse datasets and optimization strategies is non-trivial. To address this challenge, a machine learning framework was developed for a systematic evaluation of diverse ANN architectures. Utilizing just 30% of the training dataset from 124 li-ion batteries cycled under various charging policies, hyperparameter optimization is conducted within this framework. This ensures that each model is evaluated at its optimal configuration, facilitating a balanced comparison for RUL prediction tasks. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of varied cycle windows on model efficacy. Employing a stratified partitioning method highlights the importance of uniform dataset representation across different subsets. Notably, the top-performing model, using cycle-by-cycle features from just 40 cycles, achieves a mean absolute percentage error of 10.7%.
Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)−O Hydrogenolysis via a Remote Concerted Oxidative Addition and its Application to Deg-radation of a Bisphenol A-Based Epoxy Resin
Authors: Liao Yumeng , Takahashi Kohei , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: August 2023

In this work, we developed a nickel-catalyzed transfer hydrogenolysis of 1-aryloxy-3-amino-2-propanols, which is a model compound of amine-cured bisphenol A (BPA)-based epoxy resin. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the hydroxy group acts as the hydrogen donor to generate α-aryloxy ketone, which undergoes an unprecedented remote concerted oxidative addition of the C(sp3)−O bond as suggested by DFT calculation. Successful application of this method was demonstrated by the degradation of a diamine-cured BPA-based epoxy resin, where BPA was directly recovered from the resin.
Carboiodanation of arynes: Organoiodine(III) compounds as nucleophilic organometalloids
Authors: Arakawa Chisaki , Kanemoto Kazuya , Nakai Katsuya , Wang Chen , Morohashi Shunya , Kwon Eunsang , Ito Shingo , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: August 2023

Organic iodine(III) compounds represent the most widely used hypervalent halogen compounds in organic synthesis, where they usually perform the role of an oxidant or electrophile to functionalize electron-rich or nucleophilic organic compounds. In contrast to this typical reaction mode and the nature of organohalogen compounds in general, we discovered a novel reactivity of organoiodine(III) compounds that behave as organometallic-like nucleophiles toward arynes. Possessing diverse transferable ligands and being supported by a cyclic spectator ligand, the organoiodine(III) compounds undergo addition across the electrophilic C–C triple bond of arynes while retaining the trivalency of the iodine center. This carboiodanation reaction can forge a variety of aryl–alkynyl, aryl–alkenyl, and aryl–(hetero)aryl bonds along with the concurrent formation of an aryl–iodine(III) bond under mild conditions. The newly formed aryl–iodine(III) bond serves as a versatile linchpin for downstream transformations, particularly as an electrophilic reaction site. The amphoteric nature of the iodine(III) group as a metalloid and a leaving group in this synthetic sequence enables the flexible and expedient synthesis of extended π-conjugated molecules and privileged biarylphosphine ligands, where all the iodine(III)-containing compounds can be handled as air- and thermally stable materials.
Describing the SAXS Profile of Unilamellar Liposomes via Beating Waves
Authors: Baraldi Laura , Alfarano Serena Rosa , Sousa Flavia , Mezzenga Raffaele , Rothen-Rutishaser Barbara , Fink Alke , Balog Sandor
Published: August 2023

Unilamellar liposomes are spherical vesicles that can transport and deliver drugs. Here, we present a straightforward mathematical model that describes the features of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) from unilamellar liposomes.
Fast formation of anode-free Li-metal batteries by pulsed current
Authors: Cicvarić Katarina , Merker Leon , Zhang Bojing , Gaberšček Miran , Stein Helge Sören
Published: August 2023

Anode-free Li-metal batteries offer high energy density but are prone to dendrite formation during charging which can cause catastrophic failures. Ensuring dendrite-free smooth Li deposits during charging is therefore necessary. Suppressing dendrite growth can be achieved by pulsed current charging, especially during the formation cycle that largely determines the corrosion trajectory of a cell. As opposed to the constant-current technique, pulsed current techniques apply intermittently stopped current flows. This work investigates the electroplating of metallic Li onto a Cu foil current collector under constant-current and pulsed current formation protocols. In addition to smoother, less resistive electroplated metallic Li deposits and increased Coulombic efficiency, we show that by employing an optimized pulsed current formation protocol, the formation process is accelerated by a factor of 2 compared to a C/20 protocol. Finally, by employing a simple regression coupled to experimentation, we propose the pseudo-IR-drop to be used for live adjustment of pulsed current protocols i.e., individually approach each cell at all SOC during formation.
Pulsed light induced trifluoromethylation of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene: A frequency controls chemoselectivity and chemical yield
Authors: Maeno Mayaka , Morii Katsuyuki
Published: August 2023

Herein, we propose a new control method for photochemical reaction with the frequency of the light source as a parameter. Based on this proposal, we have developed a pulsed light induced trifluoromethylation reaction under the simple reaction condition which combined 1,3-dimethoxybenzene/anthraquinone/CF3SO2Na without any other additives, oxidant, and reductant. The yield and regioselectivity were improved and the excess reactions were also suppressed by pulsed light irradiation compared to use of conventional light source. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction yield and chemoselectivity changed with each frequency (length of light ON/OFF time) when only frequency of the pulsed light was varied from 1.4 x 10-5 Hz (a period of 2 h on time and 18 h off time) to 105 Hz (a period of 1µs on time and 9 µs off time) while total irradiation time were fixed at 7200s for all reactions. The result shows that the pulsed light has the potential to control photochemical reactions and that the light irradiation method can be an important factor for the photochemical reaction in addition to conventional factor such as reagents, solution concentration, and temperature.
A Porphyrin-Based Molecular Cage Guided by Designed Local-Electric Field Is Highly Selective and Efficient
Authors: Siddiqui Shakir Ali , Shaik Sason , Kalita Surajit , Dubey Kshatresh
Published: August 2023

The present work outlines a general methodology for designing efficient catalytic machineries that can easily be tweaked to meet the demands of the target reactions. This work utilizes a principle of the designed local electric field (LEF) as the driver for an efficient catalyst. It is demonstrated that by tweaking the LEF, we can catalyze the desired hydroxylation products with enantioselectivity that can be changed at will. Using computation tools, we caged a synthetic analog of heme porphyrin (HM1) and investigated the pharmaceutically relevant conversion of Tetralin to Tetralol, inside the modified supramolecular cage. The QM/MM calculations demonstrate a resulting catalytic efficiency with virtually absolute Pro-R selectivity for the tetralin hydroxylation. Our calculations show that the LEF of the supramolecular cage and HM1 exerts a strong electric field along the Fe—O reaction axis, which is the main driving force for enhanced reactivity. At the same time, the supramolecular cage applies a lateral LEF that regulates the enantioselectivity. We further demonstrate that swapping the charged/polar substitution in the supramolecular cage switches the lateral LEF which changes the enantioselectivity of hydroxylation from R to S.
The Effect of Prognostic Factors on Survival in Endometrioid Type Adenocancer
Authors: BAŞTAN Merve , ÇAKIR KÖLE Merve , AKSOY Lale , KÖLE Emre , ÇORAKÇI Aydın
Published: August 2023

Objective: The study aims to investigate the prognostic factors in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma that affect survival outcomes.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study includes 144 cases which underwent surgical treatment for uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Demographic data and tumour characteristics were evaluated for lymph node metastasis. Stage I and grade 1-2 tumours were divided into lymphadenectomy and non-lymphadenectomy groups, and 5-year survival was assessed.

Results: The presence of myometrial invasion of more than 1/2, adnexal metastasis and lymphovascular space invasion were found to be associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.010 ve 0.019 ve 0.015). In our study, the 5-year survival rate was 87.4%. Survival rate was correlated with age, myometrial invasion, and tumour grade. The 5-year survival rates were 89.8% in lymphadenectomy group and 85.2% in non-lymphadenectomy group, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.575).

Conclusion: Myometrial invasion, grade and the age of diagnosis were detected as important prognostic factors of uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas. We concluded that lymphadenectomy did not increase the survival rate of stage I grade 1-2 endometrioid tumours. Lymphadenectomy may not be performed in stage I grade 1-2 tumours; thus, the morbidities of lymphadenectomy can be avoided.
The Effects of Eccentric-Concentric Isokinetic Muscle Strength Training on Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Architecture, Muscle Strength and Proprioception in Healthy Young People
Authors: İNCE PARPUCU Tuba , ALGUN Candan , TOPRAK Uğur , TÜRKOĞLU Sefa
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of eccentric and concentric training on quadriceps femoris muscle architecture, muscle strength and proprioception in healthy young people.

Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy subjects were divided into two groups concentric training (n=30), and eccentric training (n=30). The outcome measurements were Quadriceps Femoris (QF) muscle architecture, muscle strength and knee proprioception. The training was carried out on the subjects’ dominant side leg (right), and the participants were trained three times a week for 12 weeks. The measurements were applied before and after training. QF muscle architecture was assessed by using ultrasonography. Isokinetic muscle strength and knee proprioception were assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer.

Results: The results showed a significant increase in QF architecture, muscle strength and knee proprioception after the training in the two groups (p0.05).

Conclusion: Training techniques, including eccentric and concentric training, positively affected QF muscle architecture, muscle strength, and knee proprioception (p0.05).
MAXIMUM PROFIT ENSURED FOR INDUSTRY SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: August 2023

This article tries to calculate a maximum profit from sale items of an industry. This study has considered three inputs, such as capital, labor, and raw materials and other inputs for the mathematical analysis of the production procedures of the industry. In the present competitive global economy policy, to survive strongly, there is no alternate of sustainable economy. For the survival of an industry, profit maximization policy is vital. To acquire maximum profit, the production unit of the industry must be run in an efficient way. In this study an attempt has been taken to maximize the profit of an industry using Lagrange multiplier technique by applying necessary and sufficient conditions.
Nigeria-China Bilateral Relations: The Current Challenges, 2015-2020
Authors: Augustine Ejiroghene Oghuvbu
Published: August 2023

The year 2020 marked the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Nigeria and China. Despite the functioning of Sino-Nigerian bilateral relations, Nigerians have resented and criticized every socio-economic interaction. Concern was raised about the alleged disadvantages on Nigeria's fragile economy by the dumping of inferior Chinese industrial products in Nigeria. Some scholars claim that Nigeria's investment in China has less opportunities to survive due to the restrictions on employment and visa restrictions faced by many Nigerians to explore business opportunities in China. It is against this backdrop, this study examined the relationship between Nigeria and China, accessing their strategic relevance and the current challenges in their bilateral relations. The study also pinpoint into Sino-Nigeria relations during the novel corona virus. This work adopts the historical method of discuss and analysis in understanding the Nigeria-China bilateral relations from 2000 till the covid-19 era. In other to properly do this, this paper looks at primary and secondary sources such as books, newspaper reports, interviews, journal articles among others. The study adopted the Neoliberal Institutionalism theory to explain Sino-Nigeria bilateral relations. The findings from the study showed that the bilateral relations benefited China more in terms of trade, its unwillingness to assist Nigeria curb unemployment challenges and the failure to transfer technology to Nigeria. Given that the relationship is lopsided, the study concludes that Nigeria’s problems cannot be solved by China as the former must learn from China’s hard way to industrialization.
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN PUBLIC RELATIONS, AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL IN ASSISTING MANAGERIAL DECISIONS
Authors: Gurgu Elena , Zorzoliu Raluca , Gurgu Ioana-Andreea , Ilisie Maria Gabriela
Published: August 2023

In this study, we write regarding creativity and innovation in public relations, of which it is evident that we need as a necessary means in supporting managerial judgments. For us, creativity in public relations can be a new way to achieve a goal easier, more efficient and faster. It is evident that every client acknowledges creativity, but in frequent situations, it does not convert into evident cases or messages for a mass audience and then is not visible. We also discuss in our study the profile of a ingenious public relations professional, who must be: engaged, instructed, ambitious for performance, having logical knowledge, having malleable and decisive judgment, being an idealist. In this analysis we will make an investigation to show that ingenuity can appear in one of the subsequent positions at the corporate administration zone: either in planning (positioning, outlining) or implementation (technique, presentation information, knowledge).
THE ROLE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSAL METAVERSE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPETITIVE RELATIONS IN BUSINESS. CHALLENGES AND UNCERTAINTIES
Authors: PAUN Roxana  Daniela
Published: August 2023

Blockchain technology is becoming one of the most prominent trends in finance and digital innovation since the creation of the Internet. Blockchain technology makes data private, permanent and verifiable. Data and transaction logging is public, but encryption protects them from prying eyes and tampering. The architecture of the blockchain database and the associated protocols provide a solid foundation for creating new classes of applications. This is just the theory. In practice, however, blockchain technology has proven to be somewhat less miraculous. It is powerful and effective in a wide range of areas, but in addition to the well-publicized benefits of blockchain, experts have discovered a set of disadvantages of blockchain technology. That's why the Bitcoin blockchain is often referred to as the "open register" of Bitcoin. Experts around the world, with the exception of a few skeptics, see blockchain as a high-impact technology that has the potential to revolutionize the world of finance, gaming, entertainment and more. Starting from the analysis carried out by specialists in the field on their website, and from information on this technology, the present study brings some arguments to draw the attention of the more or less informed reader to the risks and dangers to which they are exposed and to whom this technology is applied in sensitive areas regarding the life, health, freedom and privacy of the citizens of this planet.Even if the role of this technology in some fields is undeniable, it must still be treated with great care from the perspective of respecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of human beings, the universal values that mankind has gained in centuries of human effort and sacrifice for current and future generations to evolve without repeating the mistakes of history. History makes fun of those who do not know it, repeating itself, said Nicola Iorga.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FIRM PERFORMANCE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA STOCK EXCHANCE
Authors: OLANIYI Rafiyat Bosede , ABILORO Kayode Peter , OLANIYAN Niyi Oladipo
Published: August 2023

This research studied the link between capital structure and financial performance of Nigerian manufacturers. It evaluated the nexus between total debt and financial performance of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria, the nexus between equity and financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria.Stock Exchange.The study used ex-post-facto data to investigate variable relationships. Nigerian manufacturing firms were studied. The data was taken from the company's (2005-2020). Both descriptive and inferential statistics, such as Pearson correlation and panel regression, were used to examine the data.Return on equity, equity capital has a substantial influence on the performance of Nigerian manufacturing companies. 6.34 and 0.26 Total debt assessed by asset debt-to-equity ratio has no influence on stock market performance (p>0.6580). Sand return on equity has a positive significant influence on financial performance of Nigerian manufacturing firms by 6.331 (p=0.0000.05) and 0.117 (p=0.0070.05); long-term debt also has a positive significant effect.The study found that equity capital, total debt, and long-term debt have the potential to positively and significantly influence the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria, whereas short term debt has the potential to positively and insignificantly influence financial performance. Total asset has the potential to positively and significantly influence financial performance.
THE EFFECTS OF DOWNSIZING ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN THE FREIGHT MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Mushonga Tinashe R , Ukpere Wilfred Isioma
Published: August 2023

AbstractDownsizing is viewed as a deliberate and systematic organisational reduction of workforce to cut costs and improve performance. There has been ongoing turmoil in the employment relations fraternity for the past few decades, exacerbated by global economic recessions and the need for organisations to adopt new technologies. The effects manifested in organisations’ widespread use and acceptance of downsizing globally. This paper aimed to investigate the untold effects of downsizing on employee commitment in Zimbabwe’s freight management services. Efforts were made to establish implications of the downsizing strategies that organisations in Zimbabwe used, and how employees in freight management services perceived the effects of downsizing on employee commitment. In addition, the present study aimed to identify challenges that employees and organisations faced throughout the downsizing process. The paper adopted a mixed-method research approach. The study found that downsizing was significantly caused by financial crises faced by most organisations in Zimbabwe. Conversely, the results of this study suggested that there was no significant relationship between downsizing and the organisational need to adopt new technologies in Zimbabwe. Interestingly, the study’s findings identified a positive shift in employees’ continuance commitment towards downsizing organisations in Zimbabwe. It was found also that employees remained committed to downsized organisations in Zimbabwe owing to fear of losing their income and a lack of alternative employment.  It was also noticed that employees in the freight management services organisations in Zimbabwe suffered detrimental psychological effects such as depression and mental breakdown during and after downsizing. Some recommendations were proffered to reduce the negative effects of downsizing on employees at the Zimbabwe’s freight management services.
Cell–cell interactions during the formation of primordial follicles in humans
Authors: Czukiewska Sylwia M , Fan Xueying , Mulder Adriaan A , Van Der Helm Talia , Hillenius Sanne , Van Der Meeren Lotte , Matorras Roberto , Eguizabal Cristina , Lei Lei , Koning Roman I , Chuva De Sousa Lopes Susana M
Published: August 2023

Gametogenesis is a complex and sex-specific multistep process during which the gonadal somatic niche plays an essential regulatory role. One of the most crucial steps during human female gametogenesis is the formation of primordial follicles, the functional unit of the ovary that constitutes the pool of follicles available at birth during the entire reproductive life. However, the relation between human fetal germ cells (hFGCs) and gonadal somatic cells during the formation of the primordial follicles remains largely unexplored. We have discovered that hFGCs can form multinucleated syncytia, some connected via interconnecting intercellular bridges, and that not all nuclei in hFGC–syncytia were synchronous regarding meiotic stage. As hFGCs progressed in development, pre-granulosa cells formed protrusions that seemed to progressively constrict individual hFGCs, perhaps contributing to separate them from the multinucleated syncytia. Our findings highlighted the cell–cell interaction and molecular dynamics between hFGCs and (pre)granulosa cells during the formation of primordial follicles in humans. Knowledge on how the pool of primordial follicle is formed is important to understand human infertility.
Book & Film Reviews
Authors: Bawono Haryo Tejo
Published: August 2023

Book & Film Reviews is a column in "MELINTAS" containing reviews of books and films published recently that bring different interpretation and inspiration to the fields of philosophy and religion.
The Lewis Transition of China's Urbanization: Historical Positioning, Realization Form and Universal Significance
Authors: 吴 垠 , 王 明铠
Published: August 2023

新中国成立一百年时将实现中华民族伟大复兴的梦想,城镇化无疑是实现这一中国梦的重要篇章。选择什么样的城镇化道路,将最终决定中国城镇化发展的结果。这条城镇化道路应当而且必然是中国特色的新型城镇化道路。中国特色新型城镇化道路是以中国国情为背景,经过较长时间探索实践形成的一条既考虑中国自然社会历史条件,又借鉴国外城镇化成功经验的现实路径。它既不是完全自然历史形成的,也不是模仿国外某类城镇化道路而形成的固有模式。中国当前的城镇化道路正经历刘易斯转折期的考验,这对发展中国家跨越城镇化的刘易斯转折期的实践而言,既是一个巨大的社会实验观察室,也是一本富含城镇化建设多样性和复杂性的教科书。本文提出中国克服城镇化的刘易斯转折从1.0到5.0版本的城镇化实现形式,并指出中国求解城镇化刘易斯转折期矛盾的方案完全可为其他国家提供借鉴。
Modern Monetary Theory: Critique, Absorption and Practice
Authors: 邵 宇 , 陈 达飞
Published: August 2023

2020年初,受新冠肺炎疫情的冲击,西方国家纷纷采取了财政、货币双宽松的政策,这被认为是现代货币理论(MMT)“财政赤字货币化”的实践。国内也出台了减税降费、货币(或信用)宽松等支持政策。由于财政压力较大,学术界开始呼吁在中国应用MMT。支持与反对的声音都有,但以反对为主,原因包括:政策还有足够的空间、通胀压力、损害央行独立性或中国尚不具备实施MMT的条件等。两年后,大通胀时代回归,重新讨论MMT或许会有新的启示。本文首先从货币本质和起源的两种叙事谈起,这是MMT的逻辑起点;其次介绍MMT的方法论基础:存量-流量一致(SFC)模型,借此将资金流量表(FoF)和国民收入账户(SNA)体系联系起来,这是MMT的描述性工具;第三部分介绍MMT的政策主张“最后雇佣者”计划,及其对国际收支、汇率制度选择的看法;第四部分以日本的经验为切入点,评析MMT的实践;第五部分厘清MMT与辜朝明资产负债表衰退理论的异同;最后阐述“财政赤字货币化”的不可能三角,即债务货币化、美联储独立性和美元信用之间是不能兼备的。