bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the activity of arginase and some biochemical parameters in sera of patients with acromegaly
Authors: Khazaal Malek Fatima , Abdul_Rudha Abbas Salma , Ahmed Abed Baydaa
Published: May 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى دراسة تأثير زيادة هرمون النمو على فعالية انزيم الارجنيز في امصال مرضى تضخم الاطراف العراقيين. تم قياس بعض المتغيرات الكيموحيوية مثل هرمون  النمو (GH)، عامل النمو شبيه الانسولين (IGF-1)، فحص السكر الصيامي (FSG) ، اليوريا، الكوليسترول (TC)، الدهون الثلاثية TG))، البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة (HDL-C)، البروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة (LDL-C)، والبروتين الدهني منخفض الكثافة جدا.(VLDL-C)  شارك في هذه الدراسة ثمانون شخصًا تتراوح أعمارهم بين 25 و 65 عامًا، كان 40 منهم من مرضى تضخم الاطراف العراقيين والـ 40 الباقين كانوا أصحاء. تمت مطابقة جميع المشاركين من حيث العمر والجنس وتم حساب مؤشر كتلة الجسم لكل مجموعة. انخفضت فعالية انزيم الارجنيز في مرضى ACRO  بشكل ملحوظ p <0.05 مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة، وقد انخفض كذلك HDL-C بشكل ملحوظ، بينما ارتفعت مستويات GH و IGF-1 و TC و TG و LDL-C و VLDL-C بشكل ملحوظp <0.05 .  ولم تكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية P> 0.05 في مستويات FSG واليوريا بين المرضى والاصحاء. إن نتائج الدراسة الحالية أوحت إلى أن مرضى ACRO لديهم مستويات أقل من فعالية انزيم الارجنيز المصل ( بشكل ملحوظ) ومستويات اقل من مصل اليوريا (بشكل غير ملحوظ) ، مما يعني أن أجسامهم تحتفظ بمزيد من مركبات النيتروجين لاستخدامها في عمليات البناء.
Investigation of curing kinetics analysis and their effects on properties of epoxy: polystyrene blending
Authors: Imran Mousa Zahraa , .A.Saad Najim
Published: May 2024

تم دراسة تأثير درجة حرارة التقسية وتاثير مادة البولي ستايرين المضاف بتراكيز مختلفة على نظام تقسية راتنج الايبوكسي  تم قياس درجة التقسية و درجة الانتقال الزجاجية , الخواص الميكانيكية , الخواص الحرارية وهيئة السطح لمنطقة الكسر للعينات الايبوكسي النقي و خلائطه . تم قياس درجة الانتقال الزجاجية ودرجة التقسية من  فحص الDSC بينما تم دراسة التحلل الحراري والاستقرار الحراري من خلال فحص TGA , هيئة السطح  خلال فحص SEM والخواص الميكانيكية ( مقاومة الشد, معامل المرونة والاستطالة عند الكسر) تم فحصها باستخدام جهاز فحص الشد العام . حيث ان الية تقسية الايبوكسي بنفس الطريقة لكل العينات التي تكون  حسب الاتي PS ((0, 2.5 % Wt., 5% Wt., and 7.5% Wt.  هذه تمثل نسب  اضافة البولي ستايرين باختلاف درجة حرارة التقسية حيث تم استخدام مجموعتين الاولى تمت تقسيتها بحرارة الغرفة والمجموعة الثانية لنفس التراكيز تمت تقسيتها بحرارة 80 درجة مئوية. تم رسم العلاقة بين مستوى نسبة البولي ستايرين مع درجة الانتقال الزجاجية , لوحظ بان درجة الانتقال الزجاجية تقل بزيادة محتوى البولي ستايرين داخل ارضية الايبوكسي عند تراكيز ( % Wt. 5 + % Wt. 7.5) عند تقسية العينات بحرارة 80 درجة مئوية مقارنة مع العينات التي تم تقسيتها بحرارة الغرفة, بالنسبة للخواص الميكانيكية بصورة عامة تكون متذبذبة بين الزيادة و النقصان بصورة عامة تقل في كلا الحالتين, في حالة التحلل الحراري عند المراحل الاولى من التسخين هناك استقراريه للعينات ومع زيادة درجة الحرارة يبدا التحلل بصورة سريعة لحد الوصول للتفحم, عند فحص الصدم يبدا بزيادة طفيفة وافضل نسبة تكون عند تركيز 5% من البولي ستايرين وتم فحص منطقة الكسر بSEM.
An Object Detection Model based on Augmented Reality for Iraqi Archaeology
Authors: Dh. Athab Suha , Abdullah Karim Abdulamir
Published: May 2024

تقف الثقافة العراقية، بتاريخها الغني، شاهدا على عظمة الحضارة الإنسانية. ومع ذلك، أصبح الحفاظ على هذا التراث الثقافي الغني وتقديمه مصدر قلق ملح في عصر يتميز بالتقدم التكنولوجي. الواقع المعزز هو المتصدر في عالم التكنولوجيا، يوفر أداة قوية  في هذا المجال. الهدف من هذا البحث هو الاستفادة من تقنية الواقع المعزز كوسيلة لضمان استمرار الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي العراقي وعرضه بشكل ديناميكي. تستكشف هذه الدراسة قدرات الشبكات العصبية الالتفافية كأساس لتطوير الواقع المعزز. نحن نحقق في إمكاناتها في اكتشاف الأشياء، وهي خطوة أولية أساسية في صياغة أنظمة الواقع المعزز. يستخدم النموذج المقترح شبكة أساسية مدربة مسبقا لاستخراج الميزات المكانية المعقدة من الصور المدخلة، ويتم إدخال طبقات تلافيفيه إضافية ومتصلة بالكامل لزيادة تحسين هذه الميزات. تم اقتراح فئة مخصصة جديدة تسمى "مربعات الارتساء" ، تنشئ ديناميكيا مربعات ربط محددة مسبقا لكل خلية خريطة معالم. نظرا لعدم وجود مجموعة بيانات للآثار العراقية مناسبة لتدريب نماذج التعلم العميق، قمنا بجمع مجموعة بيانات من 2188 صورة ملونة، تغطي الآثار العراقية القديمة، والآثار الشهيرة ،  وبعض المشاهد في الوقت الفعلي جنبا إلى جنب مع المعالم الاثرية. تخضع مجموعة البيانات هذه للوسم التوضيحي اليدوي، حيث يتم تعيين المربعات المحيطة والتسميات للكائنات في كل صورة. تؤكد نتائج تحليل الانحدار على كفاءة النموذج في تقدير إحداثيات المربع المحيط بالكائن بدقة جيدة، مما يسهل توطين الكائن بدقة وتحديد الموقع. توضح ايضا نتائج التصنيف قدرة النموذج على تعيين تسميات الفئة بثقة للكائنات المكتشفة
Identification of some biochemical indicators to indicate the contamination of some fish farms in Hilla city/ Iraq
Authors: Mustafa A.A. Alkatrani Layla , Hussein Obaid Zahraa , Mohammed Salman Jasim
Published: May 2024

من اجل اثبات إمكانية استخدام بعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية لاحتمال التلوث في مزرعة أسماك الفرات (أ) ومزرعة حسين عجيمي (ب) وكذلك عينات الأسماك النهرية كعينات سيطرة من نهر شط الحلة (ج). تم تحديد عوامل الإجهاد التأكسدي ونشاط الإنزيمات المضادة للأكسدة في مصل دم سمك الكارب الشائع Cyprinus carpio من مزرعتين سمكيتين. تم اختيار أنواع الأوكسجين التفاعلية (ROS) ، والأوكسيد الفائق (SOD) ، والكتلاز (CAT) ، وأداء الجلوتاثيون بيروكسيديز (GPx) ، وأداء بيروكسيد الهيدروجين (H2O2) كمؤشرات بيولوجية للتلوث ، وكذلك البروتين الكلي (TP) كمؤشر بيولوجي عام لصحة الأسماك. . أظهرت النتائج ارتفاع جميع أنشطة إنزيمات مضادات الأكسدة وعوامل الإجهاد التأكسدي في الأسماك من المحطة B حيث سجلت 34.52 ميكروغرام / مل ، 81.46 وحدة / مل ، 75.55 كيلو وحدة / لتر ، 4.36 ± 0.4 وحدة / لتر ، 11.82 نانومول و 41.13 مجم / لتر لكل من ROS و SOD و CAT و GPx و H2O2 و TP على التوالي بفارق معنوي (P <0.05) من المحطات A و C ، تشير النتائج إلى زيادة التلوث في مزرعة حسين عجيمي السمكية B مقارنة بمزرعة أسماك الفرات A والأسماك النهرية C . تؤكد الدراسة إمكانية استخدام عوامل الإجهاد التأكسدي والإنزيمات المضادة للأكسدة كمؤشرات بيوكيميائية لتلوث المزارع السمكية.
Genetic prevalence of antifungal resistance gene in cancer patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis from Iraq.
Authors: Abd ulrahman Majeed Muhamed , Jasim Mohammed Abdulameer , Sadik Shalal Omar
Published: May 2024

مع تقدم الطب وتزايد عدد المرضى الذين يعانون من ضعف المناعة، أصبحت عدوى الخميرة أكثر شيوعًا. كان هناك معدل كبير من الامراضية والوفيات بين المرضى الذين يعانون من داء المبيضات مما يدل على زيادة المقاومة للأدوية المضادة للفطريات. الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد جين الضراوة لفطر المبيضات البيضاء وتقييم مضادات الفطريات المستخدمة لداء المبيضات وقابلية تكوين الأغشية الحيوية التي يتم عزلها من أنسجة المبطن للفم عند الأفراد في محافظة بغداد خلال الفترة من 1 تشرين الأول إلى 28 شباط 2023. وتضمنت هذه الدراسة 120 مسحة فموية من أشخاص مصابين بداء المبيضات الفموي، تتراوح أعمارهم بين 10-65 سنة من كلا الجنسين. أظهرت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها أن انتشار داء المبيضات كان أكثر انتشارا في الذكور الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 11-20 سنة، بينما كان أكثر انتشارا بين الإناث بين المرضى أقل من 10 سنوات. أظهرت هذه النتائج زيادة ذات دلالة إحصائية في انتشار جين الفوعة ERG11 بين فطر المبيضات البيض المكون للأغشية الحيوية مقارنة بالعزلات الأخرى مع وجود فرق معنوي (P = 0.863). كما أظهرت الدراسة دلالة معنوية إحصائياً مقاومة فطر المبيضات البيض لمضادات الفطريات فلوكونازول وإيتراكونازول وفلوكونازول مع قدرته على تكوين الغشاء الحيوي. سلطت الدراسة الحالية الضوء على معدل انتشار أعلى بكثير لمقاومة مضادات الفطريات بين المبيضة البيضاء وارتفاع معدل انتشار جين ERG11 في المبيضة البيضاء. وكذلك وجود علاقة قوية بين تكوين الأغشية الحيوية ووجود جين المضاد للعلاجات الفطرية. إن داء المبيضات هو أحد الالتهابات الفطرية الأكثر انتشارًا بين المرضى، كما أن عامل ضراوة  الغشاء الحيوي (البيوفيلم ) له دور مهم في زيادة القدرة المرضية للفطر.
Intelligent System for Student Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: S. Ibrahim Alsumaidaie Mustafa , Adil Nafea Ahmed , Abbas Mukhlif Abdulrahman , D. Jalal Ruqaiya , M AL-Ani Mohammed
Published: May 2024

يعتمد الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) على الخوارزميات التي تمكن الآلات من اتخاذ قرارات بدلاً من البشر، مما يؤدي إلى تحسين تجارب المستخدم عبر مجالات متنوعة. تناقش هذه الدراسة حلاً ذكيًا للتنبؤ بأداء الطلاب وتحديد الطلاب الذين قد يحتاجون إلى دعم إضافي. يستخدم النظام المقترح خوارزميات التعلم الآلي الخاضع للإشراف: مصنف الغابة العشوائية، ومصنف الأشجار الإضافية، ومصنف. تتضمن منهجية البحث جمع البيانات والمعالجة المسبقة وتحديد الميزات وبناء النموذج والتقييم. يتم استخدام مجموعة بيانات مكونة من 24000 مثيل للتدريب و6000 مثيل للاختبار. يتم تطبيق تقنيات المعالجة المسبقة على مجموعة البيانات، ويتم استخدام خوارزميات تعلم الآلة للكشف عن أداء الطلاب. تقوم النماذج المدربة بتقييم نتائج الطلاب بناءً على استفسارات المستخدم. ويتم تقييم دقة وكفاءة النظام المقترح باستخدام المقاييس المناسبة. تحقق خوارزمية ET أعلى دقة تبلغ 98.15%، تليها خوارزمية RF بنسبة 94.03% وKNN بنسبة 91.65%. تُظهر مقاييس الدقة والاستدعاء قيمًا عالية عبر الخوارزميات الثلاثة. تعرض KNN وقت تدريب أقل بكثير يبلغ 0.00 ثانية، مما يوضح كفاءتها الحسابية. بشكل عام، توفر هذه الورقة رؤى فعالة حول تطبيق تعلم الآلة في التنبؤ بأداء الطلاب. يُظهر النموذج المقترح نتائج واعدة في تحديد الطلاب الذين يحتاجون إلى دعم إضافي، مما يتيح التدخلات المناسبة لتعزيز نتائجهم الأكاديمية. تساهم النتائج في التنقيب عن البيانات التعليمية في العراق ولها آثار على تحسين معدلات نجاح الطلاب في المؤسسات التعليمية.
Bernoulli Polynomials Method for Solving Integral Equations with Singular Kernel
Authors: Mustafa Muna M. , Abd-Alrazak Heba A.
Published: May 2024

هناك دائما حاجة إلى طريقة فعالة لتوليد حل عددي أكثر دقة للمعادلات التكاملية ذات النواة المفردة أو المفردة الضعيفة لأن الطرق العددية لها محدودة. في هذه الدراسة ، تم حل المعادلات التكاملية ذات النواة المفردة أو المفردة الضعيفة باستخدام طريقة متعددة حدود برنولي. الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو ايجاد حل تقريبي لمثل هذه المشاكل في شكل متعددة الحدود في سلسلة من الخطوات المباشرة. أيضا ، تم افتراض أن مقام النواة لن يكون صفرا أبدا أو أن يكون له قيمة عقدية بسبب اختيارالعقد المحددة لمتغيري النواة الوحيدين. مع متعددات حدود برنولي من الدرجة 4 و 8 كمثال على ذلك، يوفر النهج الحالي حلا قريبا جدا من الحل الدقيق في أمثلة الاختبار. بينما. يثبت الحجم المتواضع جدا للأخطاء في أمثلة الاختبار فعالية الاستراتيجية الحالية. أيضا ، فإن السهولة التي يمكن بها تنفيذ برنامج الكمبيوتر تجعل هذه التقنية فعالة للغاية. هدف آخر هو تحديد كفاءة الطريقة المقترحة من خلال مقارنتها بأساليب مختلفة. يظهر أن الحل التقريبي للمعادلات التكاملية ذات النواة المفردة أو المفردة الضعيفة يتقارب بشدة مع الحل المضبوط للمعادلات باستخدام متعددة حدود برنولي وهو متفوق على تلك الموجودة في الأساليب الأخرى المذكورة. هذا يضمن الأصالة والدقة العالية للطريقة المقترحة. كذلك تمت مناقشة تقارب الحل. تم تنفيذ البرامج باستخدام برنامج ال MATLAB النسخة 2018a .
Densenet Model for Binary Glaucoma Classification Performance Assessment with Texture Feature
Authors: Jameel Hadi Wildan , Sufiuh Ajrash Amal , Muneam Salman Sahar , jalal jasim Mays , Taha Ibrahim Mina
Published: May 2024

تعتبر شبكية العين جزءًا مهمًا من العين لأن الأطباء يستخدمون صورها لتشخيص العديد من أمراض العيون مثل الجلوكوما واعتلال الشبكية السكري وإعتام عدسة العين. في الواقع، يعد تصوير الشبكية المجزأ أداة قوية للكشف عن النمو غير العادي في منطقة العين بالإضافة إلى تحديد حجم وبنية القرص البصري. يمكن أن يؤدي الجلوكوما إلى إتلاف القرص البصري، مما يغير مظهر القرص البصري للعين. تعمل تقنيتنا على الكشف عن الجلوكوما وتصنيفها في هذه الدراسة. تستخدم المرحلة الأولى من هذا النظام الأنماط الثنائية المحلية (LBP) للحصول على خرائط للميزات التركيبية. يتم تنفيذ التصنيف الثنائي لصور الجلوكوما بشكل منفصل عن الصور العادية باستخدام تقنية التعلم العميق في الخطوة الثانية من هذا النظام. بالنسبة لتحديات التصنيف، استخدمنا تقنية الشبكة الكثيفة، وهي تقنية التعلم العميق. وتبقى دقتها في حدود 96% حسب نتائج الطريقة المقترحة.
Sustainable Operation of Large Scale Heat Pumps in Cogeneration dominated District heating Networks.
Authors: Hurst Georg , Jentsch Andrej , Blesl Prof. Dr. Markus
Published: May 2024

Large scale heat pumps (LSHP) have seen a rapid proliferation in recent years, with projects and initiatives aimed at integrating electrically driven LSHP into existing district heating networks (DHN). The financial advantages have driven most LSHP installations to be powered by electricity generated by cogeneration (CHP), given CHP's dominant role in DHN. This LSHP + CHP combination poses the question, to what extent ecological improvements, measured as a reduction in specific CO2-emissions through LSHP operation can be achieved, contingent on the source of electricity and heat source employed. In this paper, the LSHP + CHP combination was generally analysed under usage of exergy analysis and a universal method is presented that allows to evaluate the magnitude of ecological benefit through LSHP operation across all common heat sources in 1st to 4th (current) generation DHNs in conjunction with various types of CHP. Results show, that the heat from a LSHP using either of the 2 heat-sources surfaced-water or ambient air, inevitably results in higher specific CO2-emissions from LSHP + CHP combination over the CHP-heat. Only when using a sufficiently hot and emissions-free heat source, the LSHP-heat from a LSHP + CHP combination can yield to an annual best case of half the CO2-emissions of the CHP. Importantly, the choice of power source has shown to have a far more significant impact on emission reduction, as electricity sourced from renewable energy results in over an eight-fold reduction in emissions compared to the LSHP + CHP combination. Therefore, power consumption with sufficiently low specific CO2-emissions out of external source is imperative to fully realize the ecological benefit of LSHP in DHN, underlining that the successful heat transition through LSHP relies heavily on the transformation of the electricity supply.
Factor associated with smartphone use : a crossectional study on adolescent in Surabaya
Authors: Hatmanti Nety Mawarda Hatmanti , Winoto Priyo Mukti Pribadi Winoto , Septianingrum Yurike Septianingrum , Rusdianingseh Rusdianingseh , Maimunah Siti Maimunah
Published: May 2024

Background
Adolescence is a phase that always creates changes and challenges. In the development of technology, especially smartphones, teenagers are very quick to learn these changes. Growth and development conditions in adolescents can influence smartphone use. This study aimed to analyze factors related to smartphone use in adolescence.
Methods
This study used a cross sectional design on adolescents aged 12–25 years in the city of Surabaya whose data was taken from May to July 2023. Using simple random sampling technique, a sample size of 266 adolescents was obtained. The general demographic questionnaire, stress, depression, anxiety, leisure boredom and personality and smartphone use questionnaire were used to gather the data. Data collection uses a questionnaire in the form of a Google form. Data analysis used IBM SPSS 26. Data were processed using descriptive, correlation and regression analysis.
Results
Two hundred and sixty-six completed the questionnaires. Factors significantly associated with smartphone use were anxiety (p = 0.000), stress level (p = 0.000), depression (p = 0.001), leisure boredom (p = 0.000) and personality (p = 0.002). Stress level is the most dominant factor affecting the smartphone use in adolescent (coefficient B = 0.980)
Conclusion
The role of the family in assisting the growth and development of adolescents must always be improved, considering that adolescence is the most unstable and self-discovery period. Hopefully, with the psychological stability of adolescents, the effects of using smartphones in a negative direction can be prevented.
Observational learning strategies impact the neural correlates of declarative memory formation
Authors: Mendelsohn Avi , Morris Genela , Yifrah Batel
Published: May 2024

Individuals exhibit variability in their propensity to learn from observing others' behaviors. Here we investigated how individual differences in adopting others' decisions influence both their own choices and subsequent memory for contextual information. In an fMRI-based probabilistic reinforcement-learning task, participants were tasked with either making choices or observing decisions between visual cues, leading to either congruent or opposing outcomes. Following each decision, participants viewed a unique picture and received feedback on the outcome. By fitting alternative reinforcement learning models to individual participants, we were able to differentiate between individuals who distinguished their own decisions from those of others and those who integrated information from others into their own decision-making process. Individuals who integrated choices of others’ exhibited enhanced fMRI activation in social cognition networks. These participants also showed subsequent-memory effects in occipito-temporal regions, as well as a linear correspondence between activation and subsequent confidence ratings. These findings demonstrate that modeling behavior on an individual basis may tease apart unique learning strategies, which manifest in differential neural activation and recollective experience.
Research on the Effect of Pre-stretch on the Dynamic Performance of Dielectric Elastomer Minimum Energy Structure
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Xu Qiaowei , Zhou Yanmin , Li Gang , He Bin
Published: May 2024

Dielectric Elastomer Minimum Energy Structures (DEMES) have the ability of actively adjusting their shape to accommodate complex scenarios, which has rendered them a focus of research in the field of soft robotics. Understanding the actuation mechanism of DEMES is essential for their effective design and control. In this paper, a systematic and comprehensive modelling framework with integrated consideration of environmental factors, pre-stretch and viscoelasticity is established. The dynamic governing equations of DEMES affected by pre-stretch and temperature are constructed by combining the viscoelastic rheological model and the Euler-Lagrange equation. The effects of the coupled pre-stretch and temperature on the equilibrium state of DEMES and the evolution law of electromechanical response to voltage excitation are analyzed. The results show that pre-stretch and temperature can modulate the bending angle of DEMES and the non-elastic stretch of DE. By analyzing the tendency of DEMES electromechanical performance with the variations of pre-stretch and temperature, it can be concluded that the suitable parameters can significantly improve the dynamic performance as well as the stability of DEMES. This can provide theoretical guidance for the design and deformation control of DEMES.
Nasal myiasis caused by Musca domestica in patients with respiratory failure: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Hua , Fan Wen , Li Wenhua , Wang Hongfei , Dou Lin
Published: May 2024

Nasal myiasis is a nasal infestation caused by myiasis parasitizing on the nasal cavity, is a rare parasitic disease. The nasal cavity is close to the sinuses, eyes, and cranial cavity, once the fly larvae migrate into this location, it may lead to serious consequences. Timely and effective removal of maggots and proper treatment can effectively avoid further deterioration of the disease. Here, we describe a 55 year-old woman admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe respiratory failure. On the 4th day after admission, the patient was still unconscious and several white worms crawled out of the nasal cavity. Through identification, the worm was Musca domestica larvae. And then we performed saline irrigation under nasal endoscope and anti-inflammatory therapy on this patient to prevent intracranial infection. After treatment, the patient's symptoms were controlled, and the prognosis of the patient was good till date of 1month of follow up. We present a literature review about the report of nasal myiasis caused by Musca domestica and discussed the susceptibility factors and treatment modalities for nasal myiasis.
Numerical study of passive branches micromixer based on split-and-recombination and vortex mixing
Authors: Hsu Chih-Wen , Wang Guanghui , Ji Miaomiao
Published: May 2024

In this study, we presented a passive micromixer that based on the mechanism of split-and-recombination (SAR) and vortex mixing, also studied over Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 0.01 to 100 by numerical simulation. The main channel is 240 um wide and 100 um deep, while the total length of micromixer model is 2.49 mm. The structure of micromixer is PDMS-glass-PDMS which PDMS has micropatterns and glass has vias. At low Reynolds number, the mixing mechanism is dominated by molecular diffusion and SAR; when Re ~ 10, there is vortex mixing in cylindrical channel and the microchannel of three-dimensional 90 deg change of direction resulting in the secondary flow occurs, make mixing efficiency rising significantly. These micromixers showed at its exit with mixing efficiency higher than 90% at Re = 20, and also the lowest mixing efficiency is over 70%. Finally, an optimized method of geometry was presented which considered the size accuracy of manufacturing and fluids velocity in branches. It is useful to SAR mechanism for mixing efficiency enhancement especially when Re < 0.1, meanwhile, the pressure drop and performance index curves are just little difference than before. It provides some optimization guidelines for SAR micromixers. For Re > 5, micromixer No. 1 has better mixing efficiency, while micromixer No. 2’ has better mixing efficiency when Re < 5.
Emulating CMAQ Simulations with a Conditional U-Net: A Data-Driven Approach for PM2.5 Concentration Prediction
Authors: Lee Yohan , Park Junghyun , Kim Jinseok , Woo Jung-Hun , Lee Jong-Hyeon
Published: May 2024

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution poses significant health risks, necessitating accurate predictions for effective management measures for the mitigator of PM2.5. While the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is widely utilized to simulate PM2.5 concentrations, its computational demands often limit its application in testing various emission reduction scenarios. This study introduces a data-driven approach to emulate CMAQ simulations through AI surrogate model with a conditional U-Net architecture. The model, trained on a dataset of CMAQ-simulated PM2.5 concentrations from across South Korea in 2013, incorporates region-specific emission source activity data as inputs. It accurately predicts hourly changes in PM2.5 concentrations, facilitating the estimation of monthly and annual average concentrations under diverse emission reduction scenarios. Demonstrating robust performance in replicating the spatial and temporal patterns of CMAQ simulations, this surrogate model significantly cuts computational costs and times. Our findings offer policymakers a practical and efficient tool for evaluating the effectiveness of emission control strategies and enhancing decision-making processes in air quality management.
Identifying comorbidity patterns of mental health disorders in community-dwelling older adults: A cluster analysis
Authors: Tobin Joshua , Black Michaela , Ng James , Rankin Debbie , Wallace Jonathan , Hughes Catherine , Hoey Leane , Moore Adrian , Wang Jinling , Horigan Geraldine , Carlin Paul , McNulty Helene , Molloy Anne M , Zhang Mimi
Published: May 2024

Understanding patterns of mental health in older people, how it is measured, and how it is affected by associated risk factors is of growing importance as life expectancy increases worldwide. Here, we aimed to explore typologies of mental health using a clustering method and determine how the identified clusters differ in terms of the prominence and severity of depression and anxiety. Our analysis hinged on the Trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture study dataset, encompassing 5186 participants with a mean age of 74.0. This dataset comprises five distinct feature sets, encompassing mental health (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), cognitive and neuro-psychological function, illness diagnoses and medical prescription history, lifestyle and nutritional attainment, as well as physical well-being. We perform cluster analysis on each feature set independently and subsequently elucidate the interrelations among the clusterings across the various feature sets. We uncovered a five-group typology: Group 1, mild depressive symptoms and no symptoms of anxiety; Group 2, acute depression and anxiety; Group 3, less severe but persistent depression and anxiety symptoms; Group 4, symptoms of anxiety with no depressive symptoms; and Group 5, no symptoms of either depression or anxiety. Each group is associated with distinct socio-demographic, physical, and cognitive characteristics, allowing a deeper understanding of the risk factors associated with each syndrome profile. The characteristics of the groups were explored using descriptive statistics and confirmatory analysis. Analysis of a follow-up study performed at a median of 5.4 years finds that the identified typology is robust longitudinally. The co-clustering methodology also provides partitions of the questions in the CES-D and HADS scales. Our results suggest that data-driven techniques can discern different mental health typologies in older adults, distinguished by the number and severity of issues they experience.
A DOM-structural Cohesion Analysis Approach for Segmentation of Modern Web Pages
Authors: Huynh Hieu , Le Tri , Nguyen Vu , Nguyen Tien
Published: May 2024

Web page segmentation is a fundamental technique applied in information retrieval systems to enhance web crawling tasks and information extraction. Its purpose is to gain deep insights from crawling results and extract the main content of a webpage by disregarding the irrelevant regions. Over time, several solutions have been proposed to address the segmentation problem using different approaches and learning strategies. Among these, the structural cue, which is a characteristic of the DOM tree, is widely utilized as a primary factor in segmentation models. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for web page segmentation using DOM-structural cohesion analysis. Our approach involves generating blocks that represent groups of DOM subtrees with similar tag structures. By analyzing the cohesion within each generated block and comparing detailed information such as types, attributes, and visual cues of web page elements, we can effectively maintain or reconstruct the segmentation layout. Additionally, we employ the Canny algorithm to optimize the segmentation result by reducing redundant spaces, resulting in a more correct segmentation. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach using a dataset of 1,969 web pages. The approach achieves 64% on the FB3 score, surpassing existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed DOM-structural cohesion analysis has the potential for improving web page segmentation and its various applications.
Structural, thermal and conductivity studies on Tamarind Gum based Magnesium ion conducting polymer membrane for Energy storage applications
Authors: P Saranya , D Vanitha , K Sundaramahalingam , M Nandhinilakshmi , N Vijayakumar V
Published: May 2024

Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) based on Tamarind Gum (TG) and Magnesium nitrate is synthesized by solution casting technique. The amorphous behaviour is observed by the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and the degree of crystallinity is calculated by XRD deconvolution spectra. The complex nature is confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Using FTIR deconvolution spectra, the percentage of free ions can be calculated. Glass transition temperature (Tg) is observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The higher ionic conductivity (σ) of 1.97×10− 4 S/cm is observed for the sample with 1g of tamarind gum and 0.5g of magnesium nitrate (4 TMN). The conduction mechanism shows that sample 4 TMN obeys the Quantum Mechanical Tunnelling model (QMT) and Overlapping Large Polaron Tunnelling (OLPT) model. The prepared SPEs follow the Arrhenius behaviour, and the minimum activation energy (Ea) is observed for the sample 4 TMN as 0.207 eV. The lowest relaxation time (τ) is noticed as 3.46×10− 7 s for 4 TMN by tangent spectra. The transference number of ions (tion) is calculated by Wagner’s polarization method. The primary battery is fabricated by using the sample 4TMN and the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of 2.01 V is observed.
Ecological Epidemiology Insights into Clonorchiosis Endemicity in Southern China and Northern Vietnam: A Comprehensive Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jin-xin , Zhu Hui‐Hui , Xia Shang , Qian Men‐Bao , Bergquist Robert , Nguyen Hung Manh , Zhou Xiao‐Nong
Published: May 2024

Background: Clonorchis sinensis, the liver fluke responsible for clonorchiosis, poses significant public health challenges in Southern China and Northern Vietnam. Understanding its transmission dynamics is crucial for effective public health interventions.
Objectives: This study employs an ecological epidemiological approach, integrating environmental, climatic, and socio-cultural factors, to model and predict the transmission patterns of C. sinensis in these regions.
Methods: Leveraging machine learning techniques, we analyzed data from systematic literature reviews and national health surveys conducted between 2000 and 2018. Environmental factors, climate variables, and socio-cultural practices, notably raw fish consumption, were examined to assess their impact on the endemic of C. sinensis.
Results: Our analysis identifies raw fish consumption as a crucial determinant of C. sinensis transmission. The study revealed that 54.9% of counties in Guangxi Province and 31.7% of provincial-level divisions in Vietnam documented raw fish consumption, correlating with higher infection probabilities. Notably, logistic regression models achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.941, demonstrating high predictive accuracy. Environmental comparisons showed significant differences between two places, with Vietnam showed a higher annual mean temperature (Bio1: 23.37°C vs. 20.86°C), greater temperature seasonality (Bio4: 464.92 vs. 609.33), and more annual precipitation (Bio12: 1731.64mm vs. 1607.56mm) compared to Guangxi, all factors contributing to varying levels of endemicity. These spatial analyses identified key high-risk areas, particularly along the China-Vietnam border, highlighting zones requiring targeted public health interventions.
Conclusion: This study underscores the interplay of ecological and socio-cultural factors in the transmission of clonorchiosis. The predictive models developed offer valuable insights for public health strategies, emphasizing the need for regional cooperation in disease control and prevention. Our approach demonstrates the potential of integrating diverse data sources in ecological epidemiology to address complex public health challenges.
Causal discovery of hydroclimatic drivers influencing water quality in a large lake
Authors: Shukla Rohit , Boegman Leon , Kumar Pankaj
Published: May 2024

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a threat to ecosystem services, with adverse economic and public health impacts. Large-scale climate processes will influence local environmental conditions, potentially favoring HAB formation through complex, nonlinear interactions. This study employs explainable (i.e., SHAP) machine learning to give insight on the predictions and causal analysis (i.e., PCMCI) to identify the relationships between climate indices, physical drivers, and the resultant Chlorophyll-a (CHL) concentrations in western Lake Erie. Our causal analysis revealed that runoff and water temperature directly affect CHL but also act to mediate the impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on influencing CHL. Moreover, our explainable analysis further confirmed this by identifying runoff as the main driving factor, followed by water temperature. The study highlights that water quality in the basin is subject to confounding effects resulting from interactions between global atmospheric circulation patterns and local hydro-meteorological factors, expanding HAB forecasting beyond synoptic scale meteorology.
Volumetric estimation of groundwater reserve in Akwa Ibom State University main campus, southern Nigeria using surficial resistivity measurements
Authors: Ekanem Aniekan Martin
Published: May 2024

Recent changes in climatic conditions and the resulting changes in demands for potable water call for a thorough understanding of groundwater resources. In this research, the usability of the electrical resistivity technique in the volumetric estimation of groundwater reserve is demonstrated. Sixteen (16) vertical electrical soundings were made at predetermined locations in Akwa Ibom State University campus, southern Nigeria with the main aim of delineating the hydrostratigraphic units and estimating the groundwater reserve in the area. Three to four geoelectric layers comprising poorly sorted continental sands with minor clay intercalations have been identified in the study site. Groundwater extraction in the area takes place in the second and third layers, based on location, at depths ranging from 0.7 to 84.7 m. The aquifer system is shown to have a mean effective porosity of 0.32, mean specific yield of 0.23 and mean specific retention of 0.09. The total aquifer volume is estimated to be 1.65 x 108 m3 while the effective water volume reserve in the area is 5.3 x 107 m3. The usable groundwater volume releasable by the aquifer during pumping is shown to be 71.9 % of the effective volumetric groundwater reserve while the fractional volume retainable by the aquifer is 28.1 %. This, by implication is an indication that the area has good groundwater potential for sustainability of water wells. The regression equations derived in this study can be used for easy and rapid prediction of aquifer porosity and specific yield/retention from surface resistivity data in regions with similar geological characteristics. These outcomes are very auspicious, particularly in devising sustainable groundwater development and exploitable schemes to meet current and future needs of the university community.
Commercial banks’ capital structure and performance in Vietnam: Panel data model approach
Authors: Van Dinh Doan , Thi Thu Huyen Vu
Published: May 2024

The study delves into the factors that influence the capital structure of commercial banks in Vietnam. Capital structure, measured by the net debt-to-asset ratio, is a key indicator of bank leverage. The study uses pooled OLS, fixed effects, and random effects models to analyze the impact of factors such as net interest-earning rate, Corporate Income Tax rate, and liquidity on commercial banks’ profitability and their capital structure. Data from 26 banks during the 2010–2022 period in Vietnam was collected for the analysis. The results indicate that factors such as Tax, ROA, growth, and liquidity have significant impacts on the capital structure of the banks. Specifically, Tax has a beta coefficient of –0.05967, ROA has a beta of –0.01796, growth has a beta of 0.000509, and liquidity has a beta of –0.00045. The study found that ROA, Tax, and liquidity are negatively related to the capital structure of Vietnamese commercial banks, meaning that an increase in these factors leads to a decrease in the banks’ total debt-to-total assets and vice versa. The empirical results suggest that commercial banks can manage their capital structure through these factors to reduce their debt-to-asset ratio, resulting in reduced credit risk, improved asset quality, and increased business efficiency. However, lowering the debt-to-asset ratio may also lead to reduced profits from lending activities, particularly when interest rates are high.
Concept of Local Government Development during Digital Management Transformation
Authors: Lipchanskaya Mariya , Shindina Anna
Published: May 2024

State processes are currently regulated by conceptual strategizing, which means they rely on concepts of systematic, integrated, and consistent development in social and state spheres, e.g., municipal public administration. This research used theoretical generalizations, as well as constitutional and legal practice, to rationalize the need for a developmental concept of local government in the context of digital transformation. Acts of state strategic planning were classified according to subject and concept. Digitalization of management and local governance was described from the perspective of hierarchical subordination and strategic planning acts. The list of prospective goals and directions in the digital development of local government included: digitalizing the domestic agro-industrial complex; leveling the existing digital inequality; improving the financing of small and medium municipalities using digital systems and innovative technologies. The authors reviewed best foreign practices and modern approaches to standardization in the sphere of sustainable development concepts, which direct the regulation of local government development in the digital environment. They revealed some problematic issues of modern digital transformation of municipal government and prospective trajectories for local digital platforms.
The Effect of Combinations of Antibiotics and Natural Products on the Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Eladl Afaf , Attia Rasha , Abdullatif Hemat K. , El-Ganiny Amira M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Background

The steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs is a significant issue, hence, it is imperative to look out for new approaches to bacterial therapy Occasionally, effective inhibitory action is not produced when antibiotics are used alone. To overcome this problem, a combination of drugs is often used. One approach to treat infectious diseases is the use of a combination of antibiotics together with plant extracts or phytochemicals. For patients with serious infections caused by pathogens resistant to drugs, combination therapy is beneficial and useful.

Materials and Methods

Seven antibiotics were obtained from a local pharmacy (gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth micro-dilution method, and different antimicrobial combinations were studied on 20 Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (10 S. aureus and 10 P. aeruginosa). Moreover, the antibacterial activity of some volatile oils (limonene, rosemary, salvia, thymus, and black pepper), plant extracts (moringa seed, curcumin, and capsicum), and phytochemicals (thymol, and chitosan) was detected against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates using broth micro-dilution method.

Results

According to our findings, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin or gentamicin together exhibited a substantial synergistic effect against S. aureus. Moreover, the combination of amoxicillin with ceftazidime was synergistic to reduce MIC by five to six times. Regarding MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, the combination of azithromycin with doxycycline exhibited a decrease of MIC of azithromycin by about five to sixfold. The combination of gentamicin with ceftriaxone was significant. For natural compounds, thymol, rosemary oil, curcumin, capsicum, and moringa seed extract exhibited the highest synergistic activity with the tested antibiotics against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the lack of new antibiotics necessitates the improvement of existing ones. Our study shows that antibiotic combinations and antibiotic-natural plant combinations are very promising strategies for combating complex bacterial resistance.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Computational Model for an Unsteady Hybrid Nanofluids Past Stretching MHD Rotating Sheet
Authors: Ahmedai Salma , Sibanda Precious , Goqo Sicelo , Rufai Uthman
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a numerical approach to solving unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow
problems using the overlapping grid multi-domain bivariate spectral simple iteration method
(OMD-BSSIM). The method utilizes the Chebyshev spectral collocation approach to
approximate the derivatives in the overlapping grid of space and non-overlapping grid of time,
which allows for handling the two domains (multi-domain) problem. In this paper, we propose
using the overlapping bivariate spectral method in combination with the simple iteration
method instead of the commonly used quasi-linearization, relaxation, or local linearization
schemes. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear partial
differential equations using similarity transformations. The OMD-BSSIM is applied to
investigate the heat transfer rate for MHD, unsteady GNP − Fe3O4/H2O, and TiO2 - Fe3O4/H2O hybrid nanofluids flow, with projection angles ranging from 0∘to90∘, representing the influence of different magnetic fields. The numerical solution is obtained using OMDBSSIM implemented in MATLAB. We use R visualization techniques and graphs to analyze the relationship between the skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number of the hybrid nanofluids and some parameters. The results show that the increase in the volume fraction of GNP nanoparticle has a greater effect on the temperature profile than TiO2 nanoparticle. Additionally, notable positive relationships were observed for the rotation parameter, while the stretching parameter had a negative impact on certain outcome measures.
Effect of MHD Viscous Nanofluid Flow in the Presence of Internal Heat Generation
Authors: Mandal Nibedita , Chatterjee Sewli , Mondal Hiranmoy
Published: May 2024

In this current study, we investigated the boundary layer steady nanofluid flow which
is viscous. Utilizing the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM), the mathematical model
has been solved. To analyze the convergence of the numerical method, we calculated the
residual errors that are approximately less by [10-8
]. The local Sherwood number, the
coefficient of the rate of heat transfer, and the local drag force coefficient along with various
flow parameters are analyzed numerically and graphically. The influence of thermophoresis
and Brownian motion has also been discussed briefly.
Ayurvedic management of Venous Ulcer - Case study
Authors: Mrudul Mohan  , Devan R  , Anjitha ES  , Archana IC  , Pavithra
Published: May 2024

Varicose ulcers are wounds that are thought to occur due to improper functioning of venous valves, usually of the legs. They are the major chronic wounds, occurring in 70% to 90% of leg ulcer cases. In Sushrut Samhita, where get the most scientific description of wound and its management. Similarly, Sushrut has given the almost importance to bloodletting therapy in Siravikara and Twakdosha. Aforesaid description let us to try Siravyadha. ln venous ulcer followed by dressing with Gomutraarka and Jathyadikeram. This treatment proved very effective and the ulcer healed completely within 30 days. However further evaluation is required to be done by taking a large samples size to prove its significance in treating Venous ulcer.
Assessment of efficacy of Amlapittagna Arka in Amlapitta - A Clinical Observational Study
Authors: Shubham Rajesh Giram  , Ashwini Kudarimath
Published: May 2024

Amlapitta indicates a disease characterized by pathological changes in Pitta, one of the predominant Doshas, including Samana Vayu, Pachaka Pitta, and Kledaka Kapha. These changes lead to the aggravation of Tridosha and manifest symptoms such as Avipaka, Klama, Utklesha, Gaurava, Hritkantha Daha, Tiktamlodgara, and Aruchi, among others. Numerous Pittakara and Amapradoshaja Nidanas contribute to its onset, exacerbated by sedentary lifestyles and a lack of adherence to Dinacharya Rutucharya and proper Rasayana practices, ultimately reducing human lifespan. In this clinical research project, subjective parameters were selected to assess the efficacy of Amla Pittagna Arka, sourced from Ravana Samhita Arka Prakashana. Fifteen patients participated in the study, undergoing Kosta Shodhana by Haritakyadi Yoga for three days followed by 21 days of Amla Pittagna Arka administration. Subjective parameters were evaluated every seventh day, with data collected before and after treatment. Statistical analysis by experts revealed significant improvements, with Tikta/Amlodgara reduced by 89.74%, Hritkanta Daha by 90%, Utklesh by 90.48%, Aruchi by 61.54%, Avipaka by 80.00%, Klama by 48.28%, and Gaurava by 48.15%. The trial drug, Amla Pittagna Arka, demonstrated effectiveness particularly in Vata Pittanubandi type of Amla Pitta. Further large-scale research is necessary to validate its efficacy.
Assessment of efficacy of Kankshi Bhasma Dhantadhavana in extrinsic dental stain an observational study
Authors: Manjula Turamari  , Kshitija Tigale
Published: May 2024

Chewing tobacco and use of SLT (smokeless tobacco) products cause considerable staining of teeth among users. Discolouration of the teeth is a common complication of tobacco chewing. The stains bind and penetrate the enamel, dentin, root surfaces causing a brown to black discolouration. Tobacco stains cause the enamel to wear away over time. This exposes the dentin (a softer layer of teeth underneath the enamel), which starts to show through, teeth will look increasingly more yellow. These stains can also lead to gum diseases. Artificial dentures, prosthesis is also discoloured by prolonged tobacco chewing. The coarse abrasives in tobacco products when constantly chewed cause abrasion or tooth wear. Chewing tobacco also increases the incidence of dental caries and thereby causes tooth loss. Epidemiology suggests tobacco users have 67 per cent tooth loss compared to non-users. The high content of sweetening and flavouring agents in tobacco products is responsible for tooth decay. To overcome this Kankshi Bhasma Dantadhavan can be an efficient way Kankshi (Potash alum [K2SO4, Al2(SO4)3.24H2O] having antiseptic and antibacterial properties along with that Vruna Ropana, Lekhana, Mukha Rogahara, Dantadadryakara. Danta Paichilyahara, Dantasharkarahara Karma. It is the high time to intervene Ayurveda as remedy in dental stains specific to tobacco chewing.
TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES RELATED TO PUERPERIUM, NEONATAL CARE AND BREASTFEEDING IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD
Authors: Şirin Burak , Çıtak Gizem , Gürhan Nermin
Published: May 2024

Objective: In this research, we aimed to determine the traditional beliefs and implemented practices of women in postpartum period regarding puerperium, neonatal, care, and breastfeeding.
Method: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive and consisted of 618 women living in seven regions of Turkey between December 12,2022 and January 15,2023. The data were collected through a personal information form created by the researchers and snowball sampling method was used. Mean, standard deviation, number, percentage, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data.
Findings: The average age of the women participating in the study was between 38.15±10.62, and the duration of the marriage was 16.59±11.54 years. Of the women, 33.3% are primary school graduates, 73% are not working, 54.4% have an income equivalent to expenses, and 86.9% have a nuclear family structure. Of them, 59.7% stated that they resorted to traditional practices related to puerperal care, 61.8% to neonatal care, and 47.9% to breastfeeding. The traditional practices that women use the most are abstinence from sexual intercourse for forty days in puerperium (66.8%), swaddling in neonatal care (75.9%), consuming hot milk, soup, etc., and increasing milk consumption during breastfeeding (62.6%). It was found that there is a significant difference between the traditional methods applied for puerperal care, neonatal care, and breastfeeding when compared by region (p<0.05).
Conclusions and recommendations: It was determined that the women participating in the study applied many traditional methods related to puerperium, neonatal care, and breastfeeding. Although these methods show regional differences, they are often used. It is proposed to increase the awareness of society and health professionals specialized in their field about traditional methods and to create policies for health organizations to identify and inform, considering that these traditional methods may create differences in individuals.