bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrotinib combined with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a single-arm exploratory phase II trial
Authors: Xie Xiao-Feng , Zhang Qiu-Yi , Huang Jia-Yi , Chen Li-Ping , Lan Xiao-Feng , Bai Xue , Song Lin , Xiong Shui-Ling , Guo Si-Jia , Du Cai-Wen
Published: July 2022

Purpose: A substantial need for effective and safe treatment options is still unmet for patients with heavily pre-treated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Herein, we assessed the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy in patients with heavily treated HER2-positive MBC.Methods: In this single-arm exploratory phase II trial, patients with HER2-positive MBC previously treated with trastuzumab plus lapatinib or pertuzumab, received pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) in the total population (TP). Secondary end points included PFS in the subgroup with brain metastases (Sub-BrM), confirmed objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), exploration of predictive factors of PFS, and safety.Results: Between November 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021, 40 patients were eligible for this study. The median PFS reached 7.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7 to 9.9 months) and 9.4 months (95% CI, 6.6 to 12.1 months) in the TP and Sub-BrM, respectively. ORR was 50.5% (20/40). CBR was 75.5% (30/40) and DCR reached 97.5% (39/40). Cox univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that liver or/and lung metastases was the significant adverse prognostic factor for PFS (p = 0.018; p = 0.026; respectively). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, neutropenia and leukopenia. No new safety signals were observed.Conclusion: Pyrotinib plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy offered a promising option with manageable safety profile for heavily pre-treated HER2-positive MBC, especially for those without liver or/and lung metastases.
What we have learnt from the past – would treament decicions for GEP- NET patients differ between 2012 to 2016 by the new recommendations in 2022?
Authors: Stiefel Rahel , Lehmann Kuno , Winder Thomas , Siebenhüner Alexander R.
Published: July 2022

Background: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a broad range of local and systemic treatment options. Still a lack of data regarding treatment sequences exists. The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes in GEP-NETs depending on stage and treatment steps and compare our treatment decisions to the latest treatment recommendations of ESMO 2020 for GEP-NETs. Methods: Patients were included in this retrospective single-center analysis from 2012 - 2016. Patient outcomes and treatment lines were analyzed by uni- and multivariable analysis. Results: Overall, we identified 256 GEP-NETs , mostly staged at advaced stage (62%) and located in small intestine tract and pancreatic gland. Survial depended on stage, grade, primary site and duration of response for the early systemic treatment. On average patients underwent 2.6 different treatment modalities, mostly depending on stage and higher tumor grade. Surgery was performed either early but as well in advanced stages, ususally followed by Somatostatine-Antagonist modalities. According to these findings, we formed a suggested treatment algorithm for advanced GEP-NETs, which does not differ from the latest treatment recommendation by ESMO guidelines for GEP-NETs. Conclusion: The results of this project may define GEP-NET patients’ selection for upcoming clinical prosepctive studies.
Impact of Air Quality on COVID-19 Confirmed and Death Cases: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Yifei , Jin Meiling , Zhu Chunyan , Lu Mingshan
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has triggered the most significant public health crisis in recent years. However, studies on the impact of air quality on COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases are still limited. This study examines the impact of the air quality on daily COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in prefecture-level cities in China from January 22, 2020, to December 31, 2020. The zero-inflated Poisson regression is applied in this paper to explore the impact of air pollution levels on daily confirmed cases and daily death cases. We find significant evidence for air quality index (AQI) to impact daily confirmed COVID-19 cases positively. By further decomposing AQI to its components, we find a significant positive impact from SO2, NO2, O3, and CO on daily confirmed COVID-19 cases. Results also show a positively significant impact from PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO on daily dead COVID-19 cases. This study provides new insights into the relationship between air quality on daily COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases in China and has direct implications for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.
Effects of intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters on the causative species of red tides offshore in the South Sea of Korea
Authors: Ok Jin Hee , Jeong Hae Jin , Lim An Suk , You Ji Hyun , Du Yoo Yeong , Kang Hee Chang , Park Sang Ah , Lee Moo Joon , Eom Se Hee
Published: July 2022

The key nutrient sources for red-tide species are freshwater and deep cold waters. However, a lack of data on their growth rates at different depths limits our understanding of the effects of deep cold waters on red-tide formation. Offshore water was collected from 0, 20, and 40 m in the South Sea of Korea and the growth rates of major red-tide species were measured after their addition to these waters. The growth rates of Margalefidinium polykrikoides in the waters from 0, 20, and 40 m (0.25, 0.25, and 0.21 d-1) were similar. The growth rates of Prorocentrum donghaiense, Tripos furca, and Alexandrium fraterculus in the water from 20 m (0.30, 0.37, and 0.42 d-1) were similar to those from 40 m but higher than those from 0 m (0.16, 0.04, and 0.21 d-1). The ability of P. donghaiense, T. furca, and A. fraterculus to reach deep waters is therefore a critical factor affecting red-tide formation. Considering their vertical migration depths and growth rates at different depths, P. donghaiense, T. furca, or A. fraterculus can dominate when deep waters are intruded to 10 m, while A. fraterculus or M. polykrikoides can dominate when deep waters retreat to 20 m. Only M. polykrikoides can dominate when deep waters retreat to 30 m. These scenarios are supported by the results recorded in the red-tide events of 2014. Red-tide species can thus be predicted using data on their growth rates at different depths, their vertical migration depths, and the position of deep cold waters.
Environmental, Ecological, and Health Risks Assessment of Olive Orchard Soils in Izmir Province of Turkey
Authors: Deliboran Aise
Published: July 2022

Soil contamination with TEs become a severe concern, however, the evaluation of ecological and human health problems in intensive agricultural areas remained limited. In this study, Pb, Cr, Ni, Al, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Zn content of olive orchard soils in Izmir province of Turkey were investigated to the state of pollution, environmental, ecological, and health hazards. Soil samples were taken from 129 olive orchards at 0-30 cm depth. Air-dried samples were eliminated by a 0.5 mm sieve and digested in HNO3 and HCl (3: 1) at a microwave digestion device. TheTEs concentrations are determined by ICP-OES. Cr and Ni levels were advanced at the limit level. In terms of EF, the soils are significantly contaminated by Cd (7.18), moderately contaminated by Ni (2.94), and Cu (2.56). In terms of Cf, soils were moderately contaminated by Cd (1.96), and in terms of Er moderate by Cd (58.83). Co, Fe, Al, and Mn are the lithogenic origin, and Pb, Zn, Al, Cd, Cu, and Ni are anthropogenic. The HQ, HI, and THI in terms of adults and children were below 1, all TEs via ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation pathways had no serious non-carcinogenic hazards. The harmful health consequences of TEs were accentuated in children. This study may serve as a method for managing the contamination-related risk of olive cultivation areas where agrochemicals are widely employed. Additional studies are recommended about TEs contamination risk and the potential health dangers in olive fruits.
Cytotoxic flavokawain B inhibits the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the suppression of UCK2-mediated downregulation of the STAT3/Hif-1α/VEGF signalling pathway
Authors: Malami Ibrahim , Alhasan Alhasan Muhammad , Adamu Adamu Ahmed , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Muhammad Aliyu , Imam Mustapha Umar
Published: July 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the third most common cancer-related death worldwide. HCC is associated with a high mortality rate due to early recurrence and its distant metastasis to the nearby organs. Current treatment options include surgical removal and transplantation as well as chemotherapy, which remains a major challenge to patient treatment. Flavokawain B (FKB) is a natural bioactive molecule capable of providing effective therapy against this life-threatening disease. This study investigates the effects of Flavokawain B (FKB) on the growth and development of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. HepG2 cells were used in this study and a neutral red assay was performed to determine the anti-proliferation effects of FKB at varying concentrations. Cell scratch and exclusion zone assays were performed to assess the inhibitory effects of FKB on cell migration and invasion and relative mRNA levels were quantified using the RT-qPCR. FKB inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells at an IC50 value of 28 µM, which conforms to its apoptosis-inducing effects. Cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited at 7, 14, and 28 µM of FBK. UCK2 expression was significantly downregulated after FKB treatments. Inhibition of STAT3 expression subsequently induced the downregulation of VEGF and HIF-1α expressions. Our data suggest that FKB inhibits HepG2 proliferation and suppresses its metastasis abilities, thus providing a potential alternative and viable strategy against HCC.
Statistical study on the regional characteristics of seismic activity in and around Japan: frequency-magnitude distribution and tidal correlation
Authors: Nagata Kohei , Tamaribuchi Koji , Hirose Fuyuki , Noda Akemi
Published: July 2022

We propose a statistical analysis method to identify common features of seismic activity that are indistinguishable from most other seismicity, and to find anomalous activity that differs from these common features. Using the hypocenter catalogue of earthquakes which occurs in and around Japan during the past 20 years, we apply this method for the parameters of the frequency-magnitude distribution and a parameter that expresses the correlation of seismicity with tides as indices, with a focus on objectively understanding the regional characteristics of seismicity. As a result, we extracted a "typical" probability density distribution of each index value common to the most analysis regions and "anomalous" regions with index-value distributions that differ significantly from the typical distributions. In terms of the frequency-magnitude distribution, most estimated values of indices in the anomalous activity areas can be explained as variations corresponding to the effects of fluids, interplate coupling, and stress fields that control faulting styles that have been pointed out in previous studies. By extracting typical index values for the frequency-magnitude distribution, common features of the frequency-magnitude distribution that depend on the earthquake occurrence interval were identified. Although seismicity showed no clear correlation with tides, the index value for tidal correlation changes to reflect the proportion of earthquakes occurring in a series of periods shorter than the tidal period; it is therefore useful as an index to capture the characteristics of such earthquake occurrence intervals. We also show that the typical probability density distribution of these index values can be represented by existing models or their extensions. By using the proposed models as a reference, it is possible to quantify the degree of anomaly using the same concept as that of the method presented here; hence, such a method should be applicable to monitor seismic activity.
The role and Mechanism of Endophilin A1 in LPS-induced Parkinson's disease model mice
Authors: Han Junhui , Liu Mengqing , Ling Yi , Oiu Yue , Ren Yubo , Liu Yi , Yin Yanyan
Published: July 2022

Background: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and PD is pathologically characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN pars compacta and excessive accumulation of α-synuclein. Endophilin A1(EPA1) is a cytoplasmic protein that is widely expressed in presynaptic nerve terminals in the brain and regulates synaptic vesicle cycling. EPA1 is encoded by the SH3GL2 gene, and SH3GL2 was designated as a PD risk locus by genome-wide association analysis, suggesting that EPA1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of PD. However, the role of EPA1 in PD remains unclear.Methods: The mice PD model was prepared by injecting LPS into the SN, and the changes in the behavioral data of mice in each group were observed through grasping force and open-field behavioral experiments. The damage of DA neurons, activation of microglia, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were detected by immunofluorescence method; calcium ion concentration was detected by calcium content detection kit; EPA1 and inflammation and its related indicators (NLRP1, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α) were detected by Western blot method. EPA1 knockdown was performed by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing EPA1-shRNA-eGFP infusion.Results: LPS-induced PD model mice developed behavioral dysfunction, SN dopaminergic nerve damage, significantly increased calcium ion, calpain 1, and ROS production, activated NLRP1 inflammasome and promoted pro-inflammatory cell release, and SN EPA1 knockdown improves behavioral disorders, alleviates dopaminergic neuron damage, reduces calcium, calpain 1, ROS generation, and blocks NLRP1 inflammasome-driven inflammatory responses.Conclusions: The expression of EPA1 in the SN of LPS-induced PD model mice was increased, and it played a role in promoting the occurrence and development of PD. EPA1 activates the NLRP1 inflammasome to promote the release of inflammatory factors by regulating calcium ion homeostasis and ROS generation, and induces DA neuron damage through an inflammatory mechanism, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of PD.
A homozygous PIWIL2 frameshift variant affects the formation and maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spermatogonial stem cells and causes Sertoli cell only-syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Li Zili , Qu Mengyuan , Xiong Chengliang , Li Honggang
Published: July 2022

Background
The most serious condition of male infertility is complete Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS), referring to lack of all spermatogenic cells in testes. Genetic cause of SCOS remains to be explored. We aimed to investigate the genetic cause of SCOS and assess the effects of the identified causative variant on human male germ cells.
Methods
Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify potentially pathogenic variants in a man with complete SCOS and Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the causative variant in this man and his father and brother. The pathogenic mechanisms of the causative variant were investigated by in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into germ cell-like cells.
Results
The homozygous loss-of function (LoF) variant p.His244ArgfsTer31 (c.731_732delAT) in PIWIL2 was identified as the causative variant in the man with complete SCOS, and the same variant in heterozygosis was confirmed in his father and brother. This variant resulted in a truncated PIWIL2 protein lacking of all functional domains, and no PIWIL2 expression was detected in the patient’s testes. The patient and PIWIL2−/− hiPSCs could be differentiated into primordial germ cell-like cells and spermatogonial stem cell-like cells (SSCLCs) in vitro, but the formation and maintenance of SSCLCs were severely impaired. RNA-seq analyses proposed inactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the process of SSCLC induction in the PIWIL2−/− group, which was validated in the patient group by RT-qPCR. The Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor hindered the formation and maintenance of SSCLCs during the differentiation of normal hiPSCs.
Conclusions
Our study revealed the pivotal role of PIWIL2 in the formation and maintenance of human spermatogonial stem cells. We provided clinical and functional evidence that the LoF variant in PIWIL2 is a genetic cause of SCOS, which supported the potential role of PIWIL2 in genetic diagnosis. Furthermore, our results highlighted the applicability of in vitro differentiation models to function validation experiments.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome in Preterm Infants: A retrospective cohort study in the current era
Authors: Heyward Alicia , Minich Nori Mercuri , Hoffman Adriana , Hibbs Anna Maria , Zhao Lulu , Crowley Moira
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE: Compare Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) in preterm and term infants. STUDY DESIGN: Single center, retrospective chart review of all in-utero opioid exposed infants born between 2014 and 2019. Withdrawal symptoms were assessed using Modified Finnegan Assessment Tool. RESULTS: Thirteen preterm (PT), 72 late preterm (LPT), and 178 term infants were included. Preterm and LPT compared to term infants had lower peak Finnegan scores (9/9 vs. 12) and received less pharmacologic treatment (23.1/22.4 vs. 66.3%). Similar onset, peak symptoms, and treatment duration was observed in LPT and term infants. CONCLUSIONS: Preterm and LPT infants have lower Finnegan scores and require less pharmacologic therapy for NOWS. It is unclear if this is because our current assessment tool does not capture their symptoms or if they truly have less withdrawal. Onset of NOWS is similar in LPT and term infant, thus LPT infants do not require prolonged hospital monitoring for NOWS.
Analysis of catch-up growth in 87 premature infants within corrected age of 12 months:a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Yang Tingting , Shen Qianqian , Li Chunlei , Liang Liang , Xu Fan , Wang Siyu , Dong Tianfang , He Youfang , Luo Fang , Liang Jiahong , Xiao Shasha , Ma Xiaoxue , Yin Xuerong , Yan Jiacong , Yang Jinghui
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the physical development law and the factors affecting catch-up growth of premature infants within 12 months of corrected age.MethodsA retrospective analysis was made on the catch-up growth of premature infants. ResultsCatch-up growth was been seen in both reaching catch-up growth group (group 1) and non-reaching catch-up growth group (group 2). The physical development indexes catch up quickly within the 6 months of corrected age, and then slowdown. The peak of physical development indexes in group 1 appeared before the corrected age of 1 month, and that in group 2 appeared between the corrected age of 1 month and 2 months. The catch-up growth gradually deceleration after 2 months of corrected age in group 2. There was no significant difference in the developmental quotients of the five functional areas in Gesell scale between two groups in present study (P≥0.05).None of the factors included were protective or risk factors for catch-up growth.ConclusionAdequate nutrition, regular monitoring, scientific guidance, and individualized intervention programmes are necessary for catch-up growth in premature infants.Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
Magnetically Responsive Nanoplatform Targeting circRNA circ_0058051 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression
Authors: You Song , Luo Zijin , Cheng Niangmei , Wu Ming , Lai Yongping , Wang Fei , Zheng Xiaoyuan , Wang Yingchao , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng , Zhao Bixing
Published: July 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a kind of highly stable and closed-loop non-coding RNA, which is involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the therapeutic role of circRNAs in HCC. We found that high circ_0058051 expression was negatively correlated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Circ_0058051 Knockdown attenuated the proliferation and clone formation, meanwhile inhibited migration of HCC cells. Circ_0058051 may be used as a target for HCC gene therapy. We synthesized a novel small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system PEG-PCL-PEI-C14-SPIONs (PPPCSs) based on Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). PPPCSs protected siRNA of circ_0058051 from degradation in serum, and effectively deliver siRNA into SMMC-7721 cells. Meanwhile, intravenous injection of the PPPCSs/siRNA complex could inhibit tumor growth in the subcutaneous tumor model. In addition, the nanocomposite is not toxic to the organs of nude mice. The above results show that PPPCSs/si-circ_0058051 complex may provide a novel and promising method of HCC treatment.
Study on the correlation mechanism between the living vegetation volume of urban road plantings and PM2.5 concentrations
Authors: Sheng Qianqian , Dai Anqi , Zhang Huihui , Zhu Zunling
Published: July 2022

To study the effects of species diversity of different urban road green space on PM2.5 reduction, and to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of urban road plantings. Different combinations of road plantings in Xianlin Avenue of Nanjing were used as sample areas, and 3–6 PM2.5 monitoring points were set up in each sample area. The monitoring points were setup at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 m from the roadbed for detecting PM2.5 concentrations in different sample areas. Moreover, the living vegetation volume of each sample area was calculated. The coupling relationship between the living vegetation volumes and PM2.5 concentrations in different sample areas was evaluated by regression fitting and other methods. PM2.5 concentrations among different sample areas were significantly different. PM2.5 concentrations were higher in the morning than in the afternoon, while the differences were not significant. The living vegetation volumes of the eight sample areas varied from 2038.73 m3 to 15032.55 m3. Affected by different plant configurations, the living vegetation volumes in the sample areas showed obvious differences with an order of S7 > S2 > S3 > S1 > S5 > S6 > S8 > S4. The S2 sample area, which was considered as control, was inside a residential area. The fitting curve of living vegetation volumes and PM2.5 concentrations in sample areas of S1 and S3–S8 can explain 76.4% of the change in PM2.5 concentrations, which showed significant fitting. The fitting relationship between living vegetation volumes and PM2.5 concentrations in different road green space is different owing to different compositions of plantings. With the increase in living vegetation volumes, their fitting functions first increase and then decrease in a certain range. It is speculated that only when the living vegetation volume exceeds a certain range, it will promote PM2.5 reduction.
Global Analysis of Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamical Systems. Part 2: Influence of Uncertainties and Noise on Basins/Attractors Topology and Integrity
Authors: Benedetti Kaio C. B. , Gonçalves Paulo Batista , Lenci Stefano , Rega Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the influence of uncertainties and noise on the global dynamics of nonlinear systems, with emphasis on the basins and attractors’ topology and on the dynamic integrity of coexisting solutions. For this, the adaptive phase-space discretization strategy proposed in Part I [1] is employed. Two well-known archetypal oscillators found in engineering applications, the Helmholtz and Duffing oscillators under harmonic or parametric excitation with uncertain parameters or added load noise, are studied. The results demonstrate the adaptive capability of the proposed method, increasing the resolution without increasing the computational cost. Mean basins of attraction and attractors’ distributions are obtained. The time-dependency of stochastic responses is demonstrated, with long-transients influencing the short-term behavior. Finally, the effect of uncertainties and noise on the basins areas, attractors distributions and basin boundaries is discussed, which can be used to evaluate the dynamic integrity of the competing basins.
Variation in tolerance to high temperature and water stress in weedy Bidens pilosa seeds from Yunnan, SW China
Authors: Wen Bin , An Xuejiao , Chen Ligang , Yin Xuejing , Mi Limei
Published: July 2022

Using Bidens pilosa seeds from three provenances in Yunnan, this study comprised an investigation of changes in seed viability and germination under high temperature and water stress. It was found that B. pilosa seeds had a wide temperature range for germination, as all seeds germinated in the incubation temperature range of 10–30°C, under no more than a 6-h daily thermoperiod at 40°C and moisture regime no less than − 0.6 MPa, regardless of the seed provenance. The seeds showed no substantial viability loss after no longer than 8 d of continuous heating at 40°C or 30 min heating at no higher than 50°C. However, obvious intra-specific variation was found among seeds from these provenances when further stress was applied. Seeds from Xishuangbanan (N21°41′) always exhibited the most high-temperature tolerance, whereas those from Diqin (N27°11′) had the least and those from Chuxiong (N25°10′) had intermediate tolerance, regardless of whether this was assayed based on the ceiling temperature for germination, the maximal daily thermoperiod, the longest continuous heating duration at 40°C, or the endurable maximum temperature for 30 min of heating, indicating the adaption of invasive plants to invaded habitats. This study supported our hypothesis that B. pilosa seeds from different provenances have intra-specific divergence in germination traits and high-temperature tolerance to adapt to local conditions. It was concluded that high-temperature tolerance is an important seed trait that affects plant invasion success in open habitats in Xishuangbanna.
Sex-specific effect of obesity on epiblepharon in different age groups: a case-control study
Authors: Wang Jin-Jhe , Lai Chien-Hsiung , Kuo Ting-Yu , Lin Meng-Hung , Yang Yao-Hsu , Chen Chau-Yin
Published: July 2022

Background: Obesity has been regarded as a risk factor for epiblepharon. This study aims to investigate the age- and sex-specific relationship between epiblepharon and obesity in children.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using Chang Gung Research Database. Children ≤ 18 years of age with epiblepharon were identified from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2019. Children were classified into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight and obese groups.Results: A total of 513 patients and 1026 controls (57.7% of males) aged 1 to 18 matched by sex and age were included in the analysis. The median body mass index (BMI) of children with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that of children without epiblepharon (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, among boys aged 4 to 9 years, the BMI in boys with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that in boys without epiblepharon (p < 0.05) and the risk of epiblepahron in overweight and obese boys was significantly higher than in non-overweight boys (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.07-2.82; OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.56-6.03). On the other hand, among girls aged 13 to 18 years, the BMI in adolescent girls with epiblepharon was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05) and overweight and obese girls had statistically higher risk of persistent epiblepharon than non-overweight girls (OR =3.70, 95% CI = 1.38-9.97).Conclusions: The association between obesity and epiblepharon varies in strength according to age in a sex-specific manner.
Systematic Review of Health Related-Quality of Life in Adults with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Donald Darran Mc , Donnell Tara Mc , Martin-Grace Julie , Manus Gerry Mc , Crowley Rachel K
Published: July 2022

BackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, connective tissue disorder characterised by bone fragility, resulting in recurrent fractures and skeletal deformities. Extra-skeletal manifestations include dentinogenesis imperfecta, hearing abnormalities and restrictive lung disease. These co-morbidities combined with recurrent fractures can exert a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). It is important to have a clear understanding of HR-QOL throughout adulthood as some OI specific complications increase with age.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched in February 2022 to identify studies reporting quantitative assessments of HR-QOL in adults with OI. The primary endpoint was to determine the impact of a diagnosis of OI on an adult’s HR-QOL. Secondary endpoints were (i) to examine how frequently various HR-QOL assessment tools were used (ii) identify differences in HR-QOL between OI types and (iii) to investigate the determinants of HR-QOL in adults with OI. Search results were exported to Endnote where two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract and full text reviews. Data from accepted studies were extracted into Microsoft Excel. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken. ResultsThe review identified 17 studies with a total of 1,648 adults. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was the most widely reported HR-QOL assessment tool, used in nine studies. Physical HR-QOL was reduced in adults with OI. Physical component scores (PCS) or individual physical domains of the SF-36 were lower in eight of nine studies. Mental component scores (MCS) were preserved in all six studies, however individual mental health domains of the SF-36 were reduced in some studies. The prevalence of anxiety/ depression was relatively low in adults with OI. Those with type 3 OI, had lower physical and respiratory HR-QOL but preserved mental HR-QOL compared with type 1. The prevalence of fatigue and pain were higher in adults with OI. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL. ConclusionOI has an extensive and wide ranging impact on adult HR- QOL. Physical and respiratory HR-QOL were lower, while the prevalence of pain and fatigue were higher than reference populations. Mental HR-QOL was relatively preserved. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL.
Beneficial effects of physical activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients: focus on active biomolecules
Authors: Restuccia Roberto , Ficarra Giovanni , Perani Fulvio , Bagnato Gianluca , Bitto Alessandra , Magaudda Ludovico , Trimarchi Fabio
Published: July 2022

Physical activity (PA) has a fundamental role in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in terms of motility, joint function, muscle wasting, BMI (body mass index), cardiovascular fitness (CRF), mental health, but also changes in bioactive molecules that might influence the disease activity and patient’s wellbeing. A systematic search of Pubmed and Google Scholar library was performed for clinical trials, randomized-controlled trials, and pilot studies published in the last 15 years. Studies using as adjunctive therapy aerobic exercise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and moderate training as yoga were included. The available papers shown that exercise programs improve joint’s mobility and flexibility and the overall health status, without differences regarding age, gender or disease activity. All these findings are supported by the modulatory role of exercise-induced cytokines as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and irisin, together with a reduction of inflammatory markers.
Utility of eConsults for COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Concerns in Ontario: A Cross-Sectional Review
Authors: Walter Graham , Jeimy Samira , Liddy Clare , Guglani Sheena , Ellis Anne K , Blair Amy , Kobayaa Hazar , Chad Zave , Keely Erin
Published: July 2022

Background
The Champlain BASE™ and Ontario eConsult services are virtual platforms that serve to facilitate contact between primary care providers and specialists across Ontario, relaying patient-specific questions to relevant specialists via a secure web-based platform. Despite ample evidence regarding the general effectiveness of these platforms, their utility as it pertains to clinical concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines has not yet been explored.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional review of COVID-19 vaccine related eConsults on Ontario patients completed by five allergy specialists between February and October of 2021. 4318 COVID-19 vaccine-related eConsults were completed in total during this time; with 1857 completed by the five allergists participating in this analysis. Question types/content were categorized using a taxonomy developed through consensus on a weighted monthly sample of 499 total cases. Data regarding whether external resources were required to answer each eConsult, impact on primary care provider referral decisions, and allergy consultant response times were collected. A 2-question survey was completed by primary care providers following eConsultation and results were collected.
Results
41.08% of eConsults received involved safety concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccine administration in the setting of prior allergic disease and another 36.1% involved a potential reaction the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. 72.1% of eConsults were answered by specialist without needing external resources, and only 9.8% of all eConsults received resulted in a recommendation for formal in-person referral to Clinical Immunology & Allergy specialist or another subspecialty. Average time to complete eConsult was 16.4 minutes, and 79.7% of PCP eConsult queries which would have traditionally resulted in formal consultation were resolved based on advice provided in the eConsult without need for in-person assessment.
Conclusions
Our review demonstrates the utility of the eConsult service as it pertains to COVID-19 vaccine-related concerns. The eConsult platform proved an effective tool in diverting the need for in person assessment by an Allergist or other medical specialty. This is significant given the large volume of eConsults completed by Allergists, and demonstrates the impact of an effective electronic delivery of care model during a time of strained resources and public health efforts directed at mass vaccination.
Predictors of long-term durable response in de novo HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer and the real world treatment experience at two institutions
Authors: Smith Claire Elizabeth Powers , Marcom Paul K. , Mitri Zahi , Ko Naomi
Published: July 2022

Purpose HER2-directed therapies enable some patients with de novo HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to achieve long-term, durable responses (DR). Expert opinion dictates indefinite HER2-directed therapies for patients who achieve DRs, but real-world examples of this practice are lacking in the literature. Patient-factors that predict DR continue to be elucidated. MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients with de novo HER2+ MBC. DR is defined as absence of progression/death at any point after diagnosis. Controls are patients with evidence of progression/death. Age, ER/PR status, sites of metastasis, surgical resection of primary tumor and initial treatment were analyzed. Results96 patients with de novo HER2+ MBC, 28 with DR and 68 with progression, were identified. 75% of patients with DR had a single metastatic site, compared with 47% of patients with progression (OR 3.7, p=0.01). 64% of patients with DR received a regimen containing trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and a taxane, while 28% of patients who progressed did (OR 4.5, p<0.001). 57% of patients with DR underwent surgical removal of breast primary, compared with 24% of patients who progressed (OR 4.3, p=0.002.) Among patients with DR, nine patients have been receiving trastuzumab for over ten years with no evidence of disease.ConclusionNearly a third of patients with de novo HER2+ MBC achieved DR. Factors that correlate with DR include single metastatic site, initial trastuzumab, pertuzumab and taxane therapy, and surgical resection of primary tumor. Among patients with DR, indefinite trastuzumab administration is the norm.
Factors Related to Early Readmissions After Acute Heart Failure: a Nested Case- Control Study
Authors: Garcia-Gutierrez Susana , Villanueva Ane , Lafuente Iratxe , Rodriguez Ibon , Lozano Ainara , Murga Nekane , Orus Josefina , Camacho Emilia Rosa , Quintana Jose María , Quiros Raul
Published: July 2022

AIMS: To describe the main characteristics of patients who were readmitted to hospital within 1 month after an index episode for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a nested case-control study in the ReIC cohort, cases being consecutive patients readmitted after hospitalization for an episode of ADHF and matched controls selected from those who were not readmitted. We collected clinical data and also patient-reported outcome measures, including dyspnea, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, as well as symptoms during a transition period of 1 month after discharge. We created a multivariable conditional logistic regression model.Despite cases consulted more than controls, there were no statistically significant differences in changes in treatment during this first month. Patients with chronic decompensated heart failure were 2.25 [1.25, 4.05] more likely to be readmitted than de novo patients. Previous diagnosis of arrhythmia and time since diagnosis ≥3 years, worsening in dyspnea, and changes in MLWHF and TFI scores were significant in the final model.CONCLUSION: We present a model with explanatory variables for readmission in the short term for ADHF. Our study shows that in addition to variables classically related to readmission, there are others related to the presence of residual congestion, quality of life and frailty that are determining factors for readmission for heart failure in the first month after discharge.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03300791. First registration: 03/10/2017
A miniaturized microstrip antenna with tunable double band-notched characteristics for UWB applications
Authors: Chao Zhang , Zitong Zhao , Jie Yu , Pei Xiao , Zhu Liu , Gaosheng Li
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a miniaturized ultra-wideband( UWB) microstrip antenna with independent tunable double band-notched characteristics is presented, which consists of the semicircle ring-like radiating patch with an elliptical-shaped slot and double split ring resonators(SRRs) on the top surface of the substrate and defected ground structure(DGS) on the bottom surface of substrate. The operating frequencies have range from 1.3GHz to 11.6GHz(S11<-10dB). The double band-notched characteristics have been achieved by etching elliptical-shaped slot at the radiating patch and placing double C-shaped SRRs at the both side of the microstrip feed line. By loading varactor diodes at the gap of the elliptical-shaped slot and the double C-shaped SRRs and changing the reverse-bias control voltage of the varactor diodes, the notch frequency can be electronically tuned efficiently. The experimental results, which are agree well with the simulated results, demonstrate that the proposed antenna have created the notched frequency band shift from 2.47GHz to 4.19GHz(1.72GHz) and 4.32 GHz to 5.96GHz(1.64GHz) when the reverse bias voltage vary from 0V to -30V corresponding to the junction capacitance of varactor diode has decreased from 2.67pF to 0.63pF, which imply that the proposed antenna with band-notched characteristics has the capability to suppress the narrow interference signals which cover the wireless local area network(WLAN) and world interoperability for microwave access(WiMAX) band. Furthermore, the proposed antenna structure only has the electrical size of 0.26λ*0.19λ at 1.3GHz. Compare to the related reported antennas, the proposed antenna has achieved compact size, tunable dual band-notched characteristics and good band-notched performance simultaneously to the best of our knowledge. It is believed that the proposed antenna will have a very valuable prospect in the fields of wireless body area network (WBAN), UWB communication, Internet of Things(IoT), etc.
Influence of Energy Loss Function to the Monte Carlo Simulated Electron Backscattering Coefficient
Authors: Chen Haotian , Zou Yanbo , Mao Shifeng , Khan M. S.S. , Tokesi K. , Ding Z.J.
Published: July 2022

We present an improved calculation of the electron backscattering coefficients (BSCs) for beryllium (Be), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) at electron energies of 0.1-100 keV based on an up-to-date Monte Carlo simulation method with different input of energy loss function (ELF) data. The electron inelastic cross-section is derived from the relativistic dielectric functional formalism, where the full Penn’s algorithm is applied for the extension of the ELF from the optical limit of q→0 into the ( q,ω)-plane. We have found that the accuracy of energy loss function may affect largely the calculated BSC. We also show that this has in close relationship with the f- and ps-sum rules.
Effect of mixotrophy on lipid content and fatty acids methyl esters profile by Chlorella zofingiensis grown in media containing sugar cane molasses
Authors: Vitali Lorenzo , Lolli Veronica , Sansone Francesco , Concas Alessandro , Lutzu Giovanni Antonio
Published: July 2022

The effect of mixotrophy on lipid content and fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) profile by Chlorella zofingiensis is investigated in this work. For this purpose, growth media containing specific concentrations of sugar cane molasses, are used to sustain microalgae growth. Lipids have been extracted from microalgae and then characterized. Specifically, all FAMEs have been quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed in order to improve biodiesel properties. Results showed that using specific concentrations of molasses the total lipid content increased up to 20% compared to the control. FAME profile revealed a 97% composition in C16-C18 where unsaturated fatty acids reached a high portion (77%) when using 2 g L -1 molasses. Main characteristics of biodiesel obtainable from the algal lipids are also evaluated. Based on the biomass and lipid productivity achieved during the experiments as well as on the compliance of the corresponding biodiesel characteristics with its international standards, it can be stated that molasses waste is a viable option as a cheap medium for the cultivation of Chlorella zofingiensis .
A review on clinical use of CAD/CAM and 3D printed dentures in dental practices
Authors: Alhallak Khaled , Nankali Ali , Hagi-Pavli Eleni
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article was to review the current clinical application of Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and three dimensional (3D) printed dentures in dental clinics. Methods: A systematic approach for searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search was performed using a variety of keywords including clinical use AND 3D printed removable dentures OR clinical use AND CAD/CAM removable dentures OR clinical use AND digital removable dentures. Selection criteria included articles written in English and reporting information on clinical applications of digital dentures between 2010 to January 2022. Results: The findings outlined the main clinical advantages of digital dentures such as saving working time, satisfying clinical results and securing patients records, and also requirement of additional visits to secure esthetic patient satisfaction, good retention and ideal vertical dimension. Many studies recommended performing clinical try-in in regards to provide better results. It was also established that 3D printers are less expensive than milling centers and therefore can be afforded by individual dental professionals.Conclusion: Digital dentures are a promising treatment and offer superior possibilities in the field of prosthodontics especially in lower-income areas where skilled technicians are scarce. However, there are some limitations in their applications.
Development and Validation of an Oxidative Stress-Related Prognostic Signature Associated with Immune Infiltration in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xie Bin , Tan Shiyong , Li Chao , Liang Junyang
Published: July 2022

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and oxidative stress is closely associated with osteosarcoma. A number of measures have been taken to make the prognosis of osteosarcoma better. Nevertheless, the situation is still critical. We therefore aimed to establish a prognostic oxidative stress-related gene signature and to study its relevance to immune infiltration in OS. Materials and Methods: Supported by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we studied gene expression and clinical information of OS patients. Prognostic oxidative stress-related genes were screened and then a prognostic nomogram model was developed and assessed. All patients were classified into a high risk group and a low risk group. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to analyze the level of immune infiltration in two groups.Results: Five genes most associated with the prognosis of OS patients were identified as independent predictors, namely CAT, MAPK1, G6PD, MAP3K5, and CCL2. Based on the signature, patients with higher risk scores having poorer prognosis. Nomogram performed well and reliably predicted 3-year (AUC = 0.83) and 5-year (AUC = 0.86) survival in OS patients. The high-risk group had higher tumor purity and lower levels of immune cell and immune-related functional infiltration compared to the low-risk group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The new five oxidative stress-related genes signature could effectively predict the prognosis of OS patients and were expected to be potential prognostic biomarkers. And it provided new ideas for understanding the interactions between cellular oxidative stress mechanisms and tumor, and provided a new basis for disease management.
How does parents’ social support impact children’s health practice? Examining a mediating role of health knowledge
Authors: Straughan Paulin Tay , Xu Chengwei
Published: July 2022

Background: Many existing studies have found that social support and health knowledge positively affect an individual's health status. However, it is still unclear how parents’ social support and health knowledge influence their children’s obesity. The present study hypothesizes that parents’ health knowledge has a mediating effect on the relationship between social support and children’s health practice regarding weight management.Methods: To test the hypothesis, we conducted a questionnaire survey in Singapore and collected a nationally representative sample of 1488 household responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) via Stata was used to examine the indirect effects of parents’ social support on children’s health practice. Results: The results of our analysis support our hypothesis. Specifically, (1) parental perceived social support shows a positive relationship with health knowledge (e.g., BMI and nutrition knowledge); (2) parents’ social support and health knowledge positively associate with children’s health practice in weight management (e.g., physical exercises); and (3) a significant amount of indirect effects of parental social support is mediated by parents’ health knowledge. Conclusion: The current study tests a mediation model that bridges social support theories, health knowledge literature, and childhood obesity research. The present study provides fresh evidence from a multi-cultural context to understand the relationships between parents’ health knowledge and social support and children’s obesity-related health practices. Our findings support the argument that social support from parents’ social networks does not necessarily promote health outcomes. The only social support that carries proper health knowledge can facilitate good health practices. The policy implications of promoting health practice through social support and health knowledge are discussed.