bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preservation, Sustainable Use and Revitalisation of the Roman Heritage along the Danube – the EU Interreg DTP Project “Living Danube Limes”
Authors: Kaiser Anna , Woller Raffaela
Published: February 2021

The Interreg DTP project “Living Danube Limes” aims to establish a stepping stone and sound foundation for the creation of a cultural route spanning the whole Danube area. The project identifies the Roman heritage in the Danube Region as unifying, common historical and cultural heritage. Four tiers compose the holistic approach to valorising the Roman heritage along the Danube: archaeology and history, museums and sites, preservation and sustainable tourism solutions, and raising public awareness on the importance of the Roman heritage; the latter is achieved by an authentic reconstruction of a Roman Danube ship.

Az Európai Unió Interreg Dunai Transznacionális Programja keretében megvalósuló „Elő Dunai Limes”, vagyis „Living Danube Limes” elnevezésű projekt célja, hogy egy kezdő lépcsőfokot, egyúttal szilárd alapot biztosítson egy, a Duna teljes vonalán végighúzódó kulturális útvonal létrehozásához. A projekt a Dunai Régió római kori örökségét egységesítő, közös történeti és kulturális értékként azonosítja. Négy szint alkotja a Duna menti római örökség értékelésének holisztikus megközelítését: régészet és történelem, múzeumok és helyszínek, megőrzés és fenntartható turisztikai megoldások, valamint a római örökség fontosságának tudatosítása a lakosságban. Ez utóbbi célt segíti elő egy római dunai hajó hiteles rekonstruálása.
Occupational, health and safety situation at small and medium enterprises in Kosovo, contextual factors, barriers, drivers and intervention process
Authors: Dugolli Mimoza
Published: February 2021

This survey has been performed as part of a wider survey within the Western Balkan Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) Competitiveness Support Project. It presents the current situation of occupational health and safety (OHS) management at 18 SMEs in Kosovo. SMEs in the Republic of Kosovo are facing many difficulties in identifying the real need for interventions, recruiting adequate professional staff to support their activities in OHS. Exposed to an opened market under the regional and international competition, their sustainability has become more difficult and their financial fragility leads very often to the ignorance of OHS issues within their organization.

The first objective of this research aimed to understand the OHS contextual factors, barriers and drivers based on the current practice of SMEs in Kosovo. The second objective was to find out if the OHS “ideal intervention process” is applicable to achieve improvements for SMEs in Kosovo. Data collection was expedited through internal documents review, site visits and questionnaires. The statistical data were subject to descriptive analyses and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the contextual factors which influence the intervention process, were of participatory nature, cognitive and physical workplace environment, while the perceived barriers were mainly coming from lack of resources and information. Finally the features of OHS “ideal intervention process” were analyzed and compared for applicability to the SMEs in Kosovo and several interventions in this regards were proposed.
Enhanced neural responses in specific phases of reward processing in individuals with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Yang Guochun , Zheng Ya , Li Zhenghan , Qi Yue , Li Qi , Liu Xun
Published: February 2021

Background and aims

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a global health problem. The self-regulation model noted that a shift to reward system, whether due to overwhelming reward-seeking or impaired control, can lead to self-regulation failures, e.g., addiction. The present study focused on the reward processing of IGD, aiming to provide insights into the etiology of IGD. Reward processing includes three phases: reward anticipation, outcome monitoring and choice evaluation. However, it is not clear which phases of reward processing are different between individuals with IGD and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

To address this issue, the present study asked 27 individuals with IGD and 26 HC to complete a roulette task during a functional MRI scan.

Results

Compared with HC, individuals with IGD preferred to take risks in pursuit of high rewards behaviorally and showed exaggerated brain activity in the striatum (nucleus accumbens and caudate) during the reward anticipation and outcome monitoring but not during the choice evaluation.

Discussion

These results reveal that the oversensitivity of the reward system to potential and positive rewards in college students with IGD drives them to approach risky options more frequently although they are able to assess the risk values of options and the correctness of decisions properly as HC do.

Conclusions

These findings provide partial support for the application of the self-regulation model to the IGD population. Moreover, this study enriches this model from the perspective of three phases of reward processing and provides specific targets for future research regarding effective treatment of IGD.
Problematic internet-related behaviors mediate the associations between levels of internet engagement and distress among schoolchildren during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal structural equation modeling study
Authors: Chen I-Hua , Chen Chao-Ying , Pakpour Amir H. , Griffiths Mark D. , Lin Chung-Ying , Li Xu-Dong , Tsang Hector W. H.
Published: February 2021

Background and aims

Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), policies based on the nature of “spatial distancing” have been implemented and have resulted in school suspensions and online learning among schoolchildren. In order to examine the impact of such policies on schoolchildren, the aims of the present study were to (i) assess changes in the level of engagement in three internet-related activities (smartphone use, social media use, and gaming) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, including prolonged and problematic engagement in these activities; (ii) investigate the differences of psychological distress before and after COVID-19 outbreak; and (iii) to use structural equation modeling to investigate the mediating roles of problematic internet-related behaviors in the causal relationships of psychological distress and time spent on internet-related activities.

Methods

Self-report measures were used to assess internet-related activities and psychological distress. Time spent on internet-related activities, problematic use of internet-related activities, and psychological distress were collected from primary school students (N = 535; 265 boys; M age = 10.32 years [SD = 0.84]). The data were first collected before the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., early November 2019) and then collected again during the school suspension due to COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., end of March 2020) for comparisons of changes.

Results

Schoolchildren spent significantly more time on the smartphone (increased 1.02 h daily; P < 0.001) and social media (increased 0.73 h daily; P < 0.001) but not gaming (increased 0.14 h daily; P = 0.07) during the school suspension compared to the baseline. Schoolchildren who increased by 15 or 30 min daily on internet-related activities showed an increased level of psychological distress. The association between problematic use of social media and psychological distress was stronger during the school suspension (β = 0.584) than at the baseline (β = 0.451; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Increased problematic use of internet-related activities among schoolchildren was associated with greater psychological distress. Parents should therefore monitor internet-related activities and psychological distress of their children to support their mental health.
Dynamic characteristics of three-layer beams with load-bearing layers made of alumino-glass plastic
Authors: Prokudin O. A , Solyaev Y. O , Babaytsev A. V , Artemyev A. V , Korobkov M. A
Published: February 2021

Aluminum-fiber-reinforced plastics (GLARE) are promising aviation materials with increased characteristics of specific stiffness and strength, fatigue strength, impact resistance, and residual strength after impact. Nowadays, GLARE are used for making elements of the fuselage of the long-haul passenger aircraft Airbus A380, as well as some other elements of aircraft structures. The results of experimental studies of eigenfrequencies and damping coefficients of three-layer beams made with face sheets of five-layer GLARE and with a core made of polyimide foam are presented. The tests were performed using the method of free bending vibrations of cantilever samples. The dynamic parameters of the three-layer beams were calculated based on the analysis of amplitude-frequency characteristics obtained by the fast Fourier transform method. Mechanical characteristics of GLARE and filler samples are preliminary determined in static and dynamic tests. The damping factor of the core is determined by the dynamic mechanical analysis method. The core shear modulus is determined by measuring the flexural rigidity of manufactured three-layer beams in a quasi-static three-point bending test. Based on a comparison of the design data and the results of the experiments, it is shown that in dynamic tests, the flexural rigidity of three-layer specimens is reduced in comparison with the estimated values, which may be due to the peculiarities of changing the characteristics of the foam core under dynamic loading. The value of the damping factor of GLARE samples was ~0.02, the foamed core was ~0.08 and three-layer beams were ~0.067 in the range of vibration frequency up to 60 Hz.
Efficient Large-Scale Multi-Drone Delivery using Transit Networks
Authors: Choudhury Shushman , Solovey Kiril , Kochenderfer Mykel J. , Pavone Marco
Published: February 2021

We consider the problem of routing a large fleet of drones to deliver packages simultaneously across broad urban areas. Besides flying directly, drones can use public transit vehicles such as buses and trams as temporary modes of transportation to conserve energy. Adding this capability to our formulation augments effective drone travel range and the space of possible deliveries but also increases problem input size due to the large transit networks. We present a comprehensive algorithmic framework that strives to minimize the maximum time to complete any delivery and addresses the multifaceted computational challenges of our problem through a two-layer approach. First, the upper layer assigns drones to package delivery sequences with an approximately optimal polynomial time allocation algorithm. Then, the lower layer executes the allocation by periodically routing the fleet over the transit network, using efficient, bounded suboptimal multi-agent pathfinding techniques tailored to our setting. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach on simulations with up to 200 drones, 5000 packages, and transit networks with up to 8000 stops in San Francisco and the Washington DC Metropolitan Area. Our framework computes solutions for most settings within a few seconds on commodity hardware and enables drones to extend their effective range by a factor of nearly four using transit.
Estado del arte sobre los instrumentos científicos en la enseñanza de las ciencias (2009 – 2019). Un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Leal Castro Alejandro , Cabrera Castillo Henry Giovany
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación documental cuyo objetivo fue determinar las principales tendencias sobre los instrumentos científicos en la enseñanza de las ciencias durante los años 2009-2019, a partir de un estudio bibliométrico. Así, se realizó una metodología cualitativa tipo estado del arte como investigación documental a partir de cinco palabras clave: instrumentos científicos, aparatos, enseñanza de las ciencias, aprendizaje y educación en ciencias. Para tal efecto, se emplearon cinco categorías inductivas: enfoque, autores, disciplina científica, metodología y población objeto de estudio con sus respectivas subcategorías; los resultados y análisis permitieron identificar seis tendencias alrededor de este campo de investigación. Las principales conclusiones muestran, entre otros aspectos, el papel clave de los instrumentos científicos desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria e histórica con fines didácticos, así como la necesidad de superar el énfasis didáctico-instrumental y fortalecer los artículos tipo investigación. Lo anterior resalta la importancia de los instrumentos científicos en la enseñanza de las ciencias.
Circ-RNF13, as an oncogene, regulates malignant progression of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HBV expression and replication through circ-RNF13/miR-424-5p/TGIF2 ceRNA pathway
Authors: Chen Yan , Li Shuhua , Wei Yinbin , Xu Zhihong , Wu Xiongfei
Published: February 2021

The circular RNA RNF13 (circ-RNF13; ID: hsa_circ_0067717) is a novel identified abnormally upregulated circRNA in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, its role and mechanism remain to be further annotated. The expression of circ-RNF13, microRNA (miR)-424-5p, and TGFβ-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting, and their interaction was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Functional assays were performed using MTS assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transwell assay, and xenograft tumor model, along with real-time quantitative PCR. Circ-RNF13 was upregulated in HBV-infected human HCC tissues and HBV-expressing cells (Huh7-HBV and Hep3B-HBV), accompanied with TGIF2 upregulation and miR-424-5p downregulation. Blocking circ-RNF13 enhanced the apoptosis rate of Huh7-HBV and Hep3B-HBV cells but inhibited cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion, along with suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Besides, HBV DNA copies and levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were diminished by circ-RNF13 knockdown in Huh7-HBV and Hep3B-HBV cells. Mechanistically, circ-RNF13 and TGIF2 served as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for miR-424-5p. Overexpressing miR-424-5p mimicked and silencing miR-424-5p counteracted the effects of circ-RNF13 depletion in HBV-expressing HCC cells in vitro. Consistently, TGIF2 restoration partially abrogated the role of miR-424-5p upregulation in Huh7-HBV and Hep3B-HBV cells. The circ-RNF13 sponged miR-424-5p to suppress HBV-associated HCC cells malignant progression and HBV infection by regulating TGIF2, providing a novel insight into the occurrence and treatment of HBV-associated HCC.
DNA extraction and quantification v2
Authors: Flores Clavo Rene , Daniel Asmat Ortega Cristian , Ruiz Quinones Nataly
Published: February 2021

DNA extraction and quantification
Tendencies of innovation development of the Russian iron and steel industry on the base of patent analytics for the largest national metallurgical companies
Authors: Savchenkov S. A. , Bazhin V. Yu. , Volkova O.
Published: February 2021

Iron and steel industry is one of the industrial branches making substantial input in provision of economic growth in Russian Federation; in this connection, innovation development of the metallurgical industry is rather important. The patent researches, in their turn, allow to get statistical data about the patents that are indicators of technological development and reliable parameter of innovation activity in the industry. The paper is devoted to study of the tendencies of innovation development of the national vertically integrated mining and metallurgical companies in order to reveal technological and innovation leaders and trends in this industry. The paper uses the patent method of technological prediction based on patent researches. The results of analysis of patent documents for the large metallurgical companies (Severstal, Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK), Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works (NLMK), Metalloinvest Management Company, EVRAZ Group, Mechel) are presented. The rating of Russian patentee companies — leaders in iron and steel industry — is prepared for the period 2000-2020. The legal status of patent documents included in the patent portfolios of the companies is determined. Patent activity of the companies is analyzed during the examined period with differentiation by years. The patent documents registered in Russia during 20 years, as well as the documents of Nippon Steel and JFE Holdings are also analyzed for comparison. The collection for each patentee was obtained and their interest areas (corresponding to the definite classes of International Patent Classification (IPC)) were examined with revealing of the most important IPC subgroups. Activity of authors of the examined companies is investigated in order to find out the leading technological development specialists.
The experience of using a modern mixture for oral nutrition in a child with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Erpuleva Yu. V. , Shurova L. V. , Dmitrienko L. I.
Published: February 2021

Bullous epidermolysis is a congenital disease characterized by skin vulnerability due to the formation of blisters and erosion on the skin and mucous membranes, which makes it difficult for a child to eat naturally. The problem of providing the necessary nutrients to children with this serious illness remains relevant. The article shows its own clinical experience in the use of modern enteral nutritional mixtures in a child with epidermolysis bullosa. Given the skin manifestations, the possibility of infection of the catheter for prolonged parenteral nutrition, children with bullous epidermolysis are not recommended for prolonged use of parenteral nutrition, so the use of modern mixtures for enteral nutrition remains the method of choice.
Nutritional support for patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection
Authors: Grechko A. V. , Evdokimov E. A. , Kotenko O. N. , Krylov K. Yu. , Kryukov E. V. , Luft V. M. , Nikityuk D. B. , Petrikov S. S. , Petrova M. V. , Pogozheva A. V. , Popova T. S. , Protsenko D. N. , Ryk A. A. , Sviridov S. V. , Starodubova A. V. , Stets V. V. , Tarmayeva I. Yu. , Tutelyan V. A. , Sharafetdinov Kh. Kh. , Shestopalov A. E. , Yakovleva A. V.
Published: February 2021

Prophylaxis, diagnostics and correction of nutritional status disturbances is considered as one of the main treatment methods of patients with COVID-19 infection-directed to resolve systemic inflammatory response and correction of metabolic response to a viral infection. Systemic Inflammatory Reaction (SIR) manisfestation as a result of viral infection leads to pronounced metabolic processes disturbances. The main metabolic manifestations of SIR is reflected as hypermetabolic-hypercatabolic syndrome with complex disturbances of protein, lipids and carbohydrates metabolism, increased consumption of carbohydrate-lipid reserves and breakdown of tissue proteins. Thus, adequate correction of metabolic disorders and a wholesome nutritional support, taking into account the clinical picture, severity of the disease, ongoing respiratory and intensive care therapy is an integral component in treating patients with COVID-19 infection which determines the efficiency of its treatment and reduction in mortality. Given the relevance of the problem, the authors decided that it was important to increase the COVID-19 treatment efficacy by producing guidelines based on the most fundamental provisions of the modern approach to nutritional support in critical patients with community acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, ARDS, sepsis, multiple organ failure.
Home clinical nutrition and prospects for its development
Authors: Krylov K. Yu. , Petrova M. V. , Shestopalov A. E. , Sviridov S. V. , Zozulya V. V. , Yagubyan R. S. , Rubanes M.
Published: February 2021

There is an increase in the number of patients worldwide who require special home feeding after discharge from the hospital Home clinical nutrition (HCN). The yearly prevalence of home clinical nutrition in 2017 was at 463 cases per million in the United States of America whereby in the 90s it was around 163360 per million in the United States of America and Europe. There isnt an established practice of HCN in the Russian Federation and thereby no data on the amount of patients who require HCN and the new risks associated with it because there isnt prior experience in conducting it. To study the routine practice and identify patients who need HCN, we planned a multicenter observational monitoring programme. The goal of the study is patient monitoring who are unable to completely cover their energy needs with the help of conventional nutrition.
The autoreactivity phenomenon in the pathogenesis of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO)
Authors: Konishcheva A. Yu. , Gervazieva V. B. , Osipova G. L. , Ospel'nikova T. P.
Published: February 2021

The modern concept of development of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) implies the leading role of immune reactions with the true inflammatory autoimmune pathogenetic components. Aim of the study was to evaluate the autoreactivity in patients with chronic immune-mediated respiratory diseases: BA, COPD, and their combination — ACO. Methods. The study enrolled 155 patients with the average age of 49 ± 17 years old. We modified quantitative ELISA for detection of IgE and IgG4-autoantibodies using commercial tissue antigens of epithelial keratin, type III and VI collagen, myosin and elastin (Sigma, USA), conjugates of monoclonal anti-IgE or anti-IgG4 antibodies and IgE and IgG4 reference reagents (Dr. Fooke, Germany). Results. Concomitant COPD and BA symptoms were accompanied by significantly higher levels of IgE autoAbs to epithelial keratin, type III and VI collagen and myosin and were associated with a higher detection rate of these Abs, especially in severe forms of the disease (50 — 80%). The IgE-autoAbs to myosin increased in individuals with ACO as compared to BA and reached the maximum values in patients with COPD. There was an opposite trend: the frequency of detection and concentration of IgG4-autoAbs decreased with the disease severity. The levels of IgG4-autoAbs to type III and IV collagens and to elastin decreased as the obstruction worsened and were undetectable in patients with COPD and ACO. IgE and IgG4 autoAbs were inversely correlated to type VI collagen, type III collagen, elastin and myosin (r = -0.38; -0.61). The spirometry showed the inverse correlations between the increased IgE-autoAbs to type III collagen and high-speed ventilation parameters (R = -0.79; p = 0.01). So, IgE-autoAbs may be considered a factor of the progressive course of BA in combination with COPD associated with a significant bronchial obstruction. Conclusion. Thus, the detection of IgE and IgG4-AT to tissue antigens of collagen, elastin and myosin can be further used for clinical and immunological monitoring of BA and COPD, especially with their combined phenotype (ACO). The increased levels of IgE-autoAbs can be considered one of the immunological prognostic markers of intense remodeling processes in the bronchial wall. These processes are also confirmed by an increased IgE-mediated immune response to miosine and elastine EG in patients with the severe disease. The developed assay of the level of autoAbs to tissue antigens can be used in the early diagnostics of adverse course of asthma, especially ACO, and can be used as a laboratory criterion of the control over the disease when making decisions on personalized pharmacotherapy and patient management.
Internal or External Financing: New Evidence on Investor Reaction in Indonesian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Fikasari Rifki , Bernawati Yustrida
Published: February 2021

Research aims: This study aims to examine investor reaction to financing sources due to its pecking order theory hierarchy.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a purposive sampling method of manufacturing listed firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, which were tested utilizing Ordinary Least Square and SPSS software.Research findings: The results showed that the investor reacted negatively to internal financing measured by the firm's retained earnings. Conversely, this research found that investors reacted positively to external financing in measurement, leverage, and equity issuance. Furthermore, the results revealed that leverage had a more positive reaction than equity issuance.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This research contributes to the pecking order theory literature to test how investor reacts to which source of financing is chosen due to its hierarchy. There is evidence that Indonesian manufacturing firms had inadequate internal financing, which made investors react negatively, and investors tended to choose leverage over equity as external financing.Practitioner/Policy implication:  Our study contributes to the firm's management to carefully choose financing sources to fulfill the investor interest. This research also suggests that the firm produces more profit to provide adequate internal source financing as the research results showed that investors preferred internal than external financing. Furthermore, when there is inadequate internal financing, the firm's management should use leverage over equity.Research limitation/Implication: First, our study employed total liability rather than debt to leverage measurement. Second, our study only provided evidence of negative reactions to show that the firm failed to provide adequate internal financing sources rather than examined the level of adequate internal financing sources.
The Mediation Role of Productivity in the Effect of Islamic Corporate Governance on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Authors: Budi Ichsan Setiyo
Published: February 2021

Research aims: This study aims to examine the indirect effect of Islamic Corporate Governance on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure.Design/Methodology/Approach:This study uses secondary data sources from annual reports, corporate governance reports, and financial reports of Islamic banking in Indonesia for the period 2008 to 2019, sharia banks that have not been in existence for 12 years, observations have been made since they were established until 2019. The sampling technique is done by convenience sampling, and obtained 121 observation, and research testing using regression analysis.Research findings:The results found that banking productivity fully mediates the effect of Islamic Corporate Governance on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibilty Disclosure, thus good productivity is an absolute requirement that must be fulfilled in order to carry out a good social function as reflected in the disclosure of the Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility.Theoretical contribution/ Originality: this study is to reaffirm and develop a new model of the relationship between ICG and ICSR disclosure in IBs.Practitioner/Policy implications: This research was conducted based on stakeholder theory which was later developed into stakeholder theory from an Islamic perspective.Research limitation/Implication: first, this study uses the ICG variable and the ICSR disclosure, but the researcher does not discuss the quality of disclosure. Second, this study did not test the reliability of the ICSR disclosure.
Adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of major salivary gland tumors: retrospective analysis
Authors: Florindo André , Saraiva Saulo , Tomás Tiago Cruz , Abrunhosa-Branquinho André , Santos Jorge , Mendonça Vera , De Pina Maria Filomena
Published: February 2021

Background: This study evaluates long-term survival outcomes of patients submitted to surgery (with or without neck dissection) and adjuvant radiotherapy for major salivary gland tumors, as well as prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated for major salivary gland tumors between 2006 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, Cox regression was used for uni- and multivariate analysis to assess prognostic factors. Log-rank tests were used to compare survival outcomes according to neck dissection status, stratified by stage and by histopathological risk.Results: 38 of 77 pts were eligible for analysis. Median follow-up was 63.1 months and median dose delivered was 66 Gy. The 2- and 5-years DFS rates were 79.2% and 72%, and the 2- and 5-years OS rates were 81.5% and 66.6%, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion and neck dissection were identified as possible prognostic factors for DFS and lymphovascular invasion, positive nodes, high histopathological risk and positive margins, for OS. There were no differences observed in DFS and OS curves for high histopathological risk patients according to neck dissection. A difference was found comparing DFS on stage III-IV patients (p=0.02), OS was not different.Conclusions: DFS and OS improvements were not observed in high-risk histology and III-IV stage disease due to study limitations, regardless of neck dissection status. Some of the results shown, although with no statistically significant differences, could reveal the potential of adjuvant radiotherapy in pts unable to perform neck dissection.
Spectrum of uncommon malignancies in pleural fluid cytology: A study from a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Sadasivan Baalu , Dharmalingam Priya , Mukundapai Malathi , Nargund Ashwini , Alashetty Soumya
Published: February 2021

Pleural fluid cytology is a useful diagnostic test to detect metastasis to pleura. Among the metastatic neoplasms to pleural cavity adenocarcinoma is the most common. However there are other neoplasms which rarely infiltrate pleura and produce effusion. The aim of this study is to analyse the spectrum of these unusual malignancies involving pleural fluid with cytomorphology and ancillary studies.

This is a retrospective study which includes the pleural fluid samples submitted to the cytology section of our institute between 2015 to 2018. A total of 1510 samples are reviewed. Cases with diagnosis other than adenocarcinoma are selected and their cytomorphological details are analysed with ancillary tests wherever available.

Out of 1510 samples analysed, 468 are positive for malignancy. Out of 468, 42 cases are uncommon malignancies. These are classified into hematolymphoid (33/42 cases) which includes Nonhodgkin lyphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and nonhematolymphoid neoplasms (9 /42) which includes small round cell tumours, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, germ cell tumor and granulosa cell tumour.

There are certain uncommonly encountered malignancies in pleural fluid. Cytomorphology plays a key role in diagnosing them with certain cases requiring ancillary studies to confirm the diagnosis.
Real time ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic masses- synergistic approach of radiologist and cytopathologist for better cellular yield
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Prabhakar Rao Vatturi Venkat Satya , Bhuvan L P Bhaskar , R E A Muthu , Bora Muralidhar
Published: February 2021

Real time ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of non-palpable, intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic masses are easily performed and reported rapidly. Needle tip can be visualized and manipulated on real time aspirations. It increases the sensitivity due to high diagnostic yield from target areas.

The present study is a retrospective study of 161cases, where real time ultrasound guided FNAC of intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic masses were done from 1 July 2018 to 31 December 2019 in a tertiary cancer center. Aspirations from ovary and other pelvic masses-18 gauge, liver/gall bladder-22- 23 gauge and kidney-23 gauge spinal needles were taken respectively.

Total 161 cases of intra-abdominal lesions- ovary- 73 cases, liver-45 cases, kidney-27 cases, gall bladder-07 cases, colon (caecum+descending colon)-03 cases and pelvis mass- 03cases, pancreas- 02 cases and retroperitoneal lymph node-01 case were retrieved and studied. Ultrasound guided aspirates were conclusive for reporting in 145 cases, inconclusive for reporting in 10 cases and acellular/ haemorrhagic in 06 cases. There was high sensitivity and specificity of 90.9% and 100% respectively.

Real time image guided FNAC is the method of choice for intra-abdominal masses with better cell yield and minimal complication. It permits precise localization and targeting of lesions safely. The localization is good in most of the masses but, it’s challenging in few locations. Complication like needle track seedling, discussed in many studies, was not seen in the present study.

Image guided FNAC is very rewarding in diagnosis of intra-abdominal masses. USG guided FNAC is easy, causes minimal radiation, rapid reporting, less complication and needle tip can be easily visualized and manipulated in any direction, thus aids in faster planning if the treatment.
Evaluation of cytokines during the loosening of prosthesis in knee and hip replacements
Authors: Deepak Rakesh Kumar , Saurabh Abhinav , Kumari Lata , Gautam Deepak , Malhotra Rajesh
Published: February 2021

Total hip and total knee joint arthoplasty has become a successful orthopaedic intervention for relieving joint pain and functions. However, over the time problems may occur due to implant wear and loosening as well as due to chronic inflammation induced by increased level of bone resorbing cytokine(s) level. This study was undertaken to evaluate the level of cytokines in patients with painful THA/TKA without any sign of lysis around the implant. These patients were further planned for revision arthoplasty. We did not observe any such significant change in hematological, biochemical parameter and signs of lysis among the groups. However, a storm of bone resorbing cytokine level was observed in patients with revision arthoplasty at baseline. Furthermore, this increased level of cytokines remained sustained for early time point of revision arthoplasty. Although, with time, the level of these cytokines decreased but was still observed to be on the higher side when compared with the accident arthoplasty group of patients. The bone resorbing cytokine(s) level remained stable in the accident arthoplasty group of patients throughout the study period. However, the arthoplasty group of patients were observed to take longer time for normalization of cytokine storms. Our results suggest that continuous monitoring of bone resorbing cytokine(s) level in patients with arthoplasty is essential for evaluation of successful implants.
DAMPING PROPERTIES OF HYBRID LAYERED METAL-POLYMER MATERIALS BASED ON ALUMINUM, TITANIUM ALLOYS AND ORGANOPLASTICS LAYERS
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Zhelezina G.F. , Kolobkov A.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kulagina G.S. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Kan A.Ch. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: February 2021

The damping characteristics of hybrid layered materials of the class «aluminum–organoplastics» and «titanium–organoplastics» based on metal sheets and layers of aramid organoplastics are studied. It is shown that the level of damping properties of hybrid layered materials is higher than that of the initial alloys and depends on the volume content of organoplastics, the location of organoplastics layers relative to metal layers, as well as on the reinforcement scheme. Hybrid layered materials are promising materials for the manufacture of high-speed aircraft structures operating under high vibroacoustic loads.
MEASUREMENT OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES RIGID FIBER INSULATION
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Zuev A.V. , Zarichnyak Yu.P. ,   ITMO University, Barinov D.Ya. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: February 2021

Describes a mathematical model for processing the results of measurements of thermal conductivity of highly porous fibrous materials of thermal protection. The results and some methodological features of measuring the thermal conductivity of rigid thermal insulation based on refractory oxide fibers are presented. The possibility of measurements taking into account the anisotropy of properties is investigated. The stiffness of the thermal insulation at the fiber contacts is provided by the binder. Thermal conductivity was measured by the stationary method on cylindrical samples in a wide temperature range from 20 to 1700 °C in various gaseous media.
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING MATERIALS FOR RESISTANCE TO CLIMATIC FACTORS (review) Part 2. Main trends
Authors:   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Laptev A.B. , Pavlov M.R. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Novikov A.A. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials», Slavin A.V. ,   Federal State Unitary Enterprise «All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials»
Published: February 2021

In the second part of the review, based on the analysis of the world experience in conducting climate tests, the main development trends related to new applications of materials, their compatibility, modeling of loading cycles, acceleration of climate tests, the impact of climate gradients, taking into account the level of climate factors in a particular area with a minimum resolution, climate change, new methods for assessing the climatic resistance of materials and biolo-gical impact factors are identified. The relevance of complex tests of materials for climatic and biological resistance with the use of methods for predicting their properties is shown.
La pena de muerte: situación actual desde una perspectiva internacional
Authors: Valiente Castellanos Lidia
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación se centra en la situación actual de la pena de muerte a nivel global. Para ello, se estudian los diferentes tratamientos que se dan por parte de los Estados a esta sanción, así como los Estados que practican cada uno de ellos. En primer lugar, se realiza una aproximación al uso actual de la pena de muerte en el mundo para conocer en qué países se utiliza y está vigente, y en cuáles no; y en segundo lugar, se estudia el marco jurídico internacional que determina la aplicación de esta pena, el cual ha sido elaborado fundamentalmente en el seno de organismos internacionales como la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se han utilizado fuentes rigurosamente actualizadas y especializadas en la materia. Tras la realización de esta investigación se ha hallado una gran diversidad de situaciones en las que se encuentra la aplicación de esta sanción, así como los distintos instrumentos jurídicos, de carácter fundamentalmente internacional, utilizados para regularla, de allí que se pueda concluir: por una parte, la tendencia imperante actualmente en el mundo de abolir de la pena de muerte; y por otra, la posición de algunos Estados retencionistas en mantener esta sanción como una pena vigente, la cual en su aplicación es efectiva y al parecer está lejos de lograr su abolición.
Alcance de las garantías constitucionales en el proceso de calificación de pérdida de la capacidad laboral
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramírez María Eugenia
Published: February 2021

La calificación de la pérdida de la capacidad laboral, representa la base del reconocimiento de lapensión de invalidez. A través de la calificación se evalúan los aspectos funcionales, el grado deafectación y el origen del padecimiento de un paciente, para que la entidad estatal encargada,establezca la prestación económica y el valor a reconocer. En este marco, el paciente cuentacon unos derechos constitucionales que deben garantizarse, sin embargo, en el desarrollo delproceso existe una serie de falencias que no proporcionan un dictamen objetivo e imparcial,ya que las entidades competentes, no se reconocen como líderes de la actuación del Estado,generando una actitud dilatoria y violatoria de los derechos fundamentales del paciente, comola dignidad humana, la vida, la salud, la seguridad social y claro está el debido proceso. Parafundamentar tal hipótesis, se hizo un análisis cualitativo y jurídico de la normatividad, dondese exponen dichas falencias, aquellas que no le permiten al paciente tan siquiera identificar elente competente en su proceso. Finalmente se exponen argumentos de la Corte Constitucional,donde se evidencian imprecisiones como el poco análisis del material clínico, dictámenes sinfundamentos técnico-científicos, vulneraciones al debido proceso y la buena fe, exclusión depatologías o simplemente la condición de juez y parte de las entidades intervinientes; luego el alcance de las garantías constitucionales con que cuenta el paciente, serán mínimas,convirtiéndolo en un simple espectador y obligándolo siempre a acudir a la vía judicial parasolicitar la protección de sus derechos.
Necesidad del peritaje en la responsabilidad civil médica en Colombia - línea jurisprudencial
Authors: Jiménez Quiceno Diego Juan
Published: February 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito presentar el debate vigente en el ámbito jurídico colombiano respecto de la necesidad o no del peritaje en los procesos de responsabilidad civil médica, a través del análisis de la jurisprudencia de la Sala de Casación Civil de la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Enseñando, para el efecto, luego de un sucinto contexto de dicho medio probatorio en la materia, la descripción de las sentencias analizadas, así como la línea jurisprudencial que se elaboró, la cual refleja, el tratamiento que ha recibido históricamente la problemática en uno y otro sentido. Resultando trascendental, la discusión reciente en torno a si la “sana crítica”, como criterio valorativo del juez, debe integrarse, a más del sentido común y las reglas de la experiencia, por un conocimiento básico o avanzado de las ciencias. Pudiéndose concluir que, según la referida línea jurisprudencial, ha de operar lo primero, y que, con fundamento en ello, el experticio, en tales trámites, se instituye, generalmente, como un requisito necesario para gestionar el pleito y emitir el fallo.
La ciencia procesal latinoamericana: razones de la involución
Authors: Villalba Bernié Pablo Darío
Published: February 2021

El derecho procesal merece ser replanteado al compás de los nuevos vientos que resoplan la juridicidad, así, superar el estado de involución en que se encuentra, aspirando a reacondicionar sus pilares principales a partir de nuevos conceptos. De no asimilar los cambios, los nubarrones que se ciñen sobre el mismo, no serán superados. Una constante para Latinoamérica ha sido la construcción de deficientes modelos, generalmente no englobantes de la problemática del orbe jurídico. La única manera de superar dicho estadio de regresión permanente, consiste en realizar un estudio exhaustivo de las causales que impiden salir de la penumbra, generadas por modelos procesales ineficientes que no presupongan dar satisfacción y bienestar a la comunidad donde se implantan. Este artículo de reflexión, proyectará describir de donde surgen los inconvenientes
Physical and chemical difference of seed coat between hard and soft seeds of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch)
Authors: Sun Qun , Zhu Liwei , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the physical and chemical differences of seed coat between hard and soft seeds from the same Licorice lot were identified. Electron microscopy-based examination revealed that the cracks on hard seeds coat were much less obvious (shallower and narrower) than those of soft seeds, and that hilar fissure from hard seeds was considerably narrower. Endosperm of hard seeds was markedly thicker than that of soft seeds. Finally, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry revealed significant enrichment for 12 out of the 14 tested mineral elements in hard seed coat. It could be concluded that these above features of hard seeds would increase their resistance to physical impact and protect against cracks in seed coat surface, thus contributing to the impermeability of hard seeds.
Digital Skills for Communication and Content Creation: Can B-learning Greatly Influence Them?
Authors: Gómez-Orjuela Yeimmy Rubiela
Published: February 2021

This article reports the results of a study that took place at a private university in Bogota, Colombia. An English language course was the scenario for applying a set of sessions that sought to determine how blended learning could influence the development of digital skills for creativity and communication via a pedagogical intervention during an academic term. A quasi-experimental design was carried out to measure the variable ‘communication and content creation skills’ by conducting a pre- and post-test survey. From the statistical test, the general hypothesis was accepted for the scope of this study, stating that the b-learning model did not develop the skills chosen in this implementation meaningfully. These findings imply that creativity and communication skills can be influenced by this model; also, thought-content-creation skills received a major influence according to the internal statistical tests. However, the statistical tests that comprised this method also suggested that the impact was not high enough to prove the main hypothesis. Furthermore, findings provide an opportunity to explore research designs that are not common in this field of education.
English Teaching Methodologies of Modern Languages Graduates from a University in Colombia
Authors: Encarnación Mosquera Carmelina
Published: February 2021

Self-assessment for accreditation purposes requires follow-up of graduates and feedback with academic programs. As part of the improvement actions, this study was done to characterize graduates’ methodologies in English language teaching. The data, gathered through questionnaires, showed that graduates privilege the communicative and eclectic methods; the criteria for selecting methodologies are based on their relevance in the teaching context and students’ learning needs; furthermore, there is a need and expectation to be updated in methodologies according to the guidelines of the National Bilingual Program. It would be relevant that these results were considered in the curricular development of modern languages and in graduates’ professional development activities.
Possible Impossibilities of Peace Construction in ELT: Profiling the Field
Authors: Aldana-Gutiérrez Yeraldine
Published: February 2021

When referring to peace, peacebuilding, and peace education, among others, some similarities and differences among them appear. Although some consider ELT as a peripheral field regarding peace construction, diverse enunciation modalities profile this interest. Inquiring into what, where, when and who, I analyzed 55 articles and 36 presentation abstracts for this qualitative study to unveil what is understood as peace construction in ELT. This revision presents six tendencies. Gaps and opportunities of research action for teachers are synthesized. Time/space coordinates of enunciation modalities in peace construction are displayed. I describe who the teachers behind some studies might be, regarding their locus of enunciation. Conclusion remarks around the diverse nature of peace construction are discussed, as representing those links between imagined separated fields.