bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAVA KARGO TAŞIMACILIĞINDA UYGULANAN STRATEJİLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İNAN Tüzün Tolga
Published: February 2019

Hava
Kargo Taşımacılığı son 20 yılda yolcu taşımacılığı ile birlikte büyük gelişim
göstermiştir. Özellikle düşük maliyetli taşımacılık stratejisi ile gelişim
trendi gösteren sivil havacılık endüstrisinde, hava kargo taşımacılığı da bu
gelişim trendinden faydalanarak farklı stratejiler ile birlikte bu gelişimi
devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışmada hava kargo taşımacılığının mevcut durumu ve son
20 yıldaki büyük gelişimi ve farklı stratejiler altında hava kargo taşımacılığı
trendinde oluşan değişimler analiz edilmiştir. Stokastik talep, dinamik
programlama modeli, çok havalimanlı bölgeler, alternatif erişimli havalimanı
politikası, birebir toplama ve teslim sorunsalı, çoktan çoklu toplama ve teslim
sorunsalı, istifleyici vinç problemi, toplama ve teslimatlı araç yönlendirme
sorunu, uçağa binme sorunu ve teslim için değiştirme sorunu kavramları hava
kargo taşımacılığı kavramı altında incelenmiş olup, avantaj ve dezavantajlar
kargo yükleme stratejileri konsepti altında değerlendirme altına alınmıştır.
WATER SCIENTISTS AT MOGAN LAKE: EFFECTIVENESS OF CREATIVE DRAMA AND CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH BASED SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: AKGÜL Gülendam , ATALAN ERGİN Derya , ALTINDAĞ Ahmet
Published: February 2019

The
purpose of this study is to present the effectiveness of educations of Water
Scientists at Mogan Lake Project, supported by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific And
Technological Research Council Of Turkey) and to examine the attitudes of
students toward science. The study was conducted on 63 fourth grade students in
2016- 2017 school year, in different public schools in Ankara. The study used
mixed method research design. Quantitative data were obtained using an
achievement test consisting of 15 multiple choice questions and an Attitude
Toward Science Scale while qualitative data were obtained through open-ended
questions. All statistical analyses for quantitative data were performed
through SPSS v.20.0. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis
procedure. According to the results of The Wilcoxon signed-rank test children
got significantly higher scores on achivement test and attitudes toward science
scale. Content analysis results supported the quantitative data in that after
the Project activities children reported their desire to be a scientist, to
make scientific research and believed the necessity of science more.
ÇOK KADEMELİ BİR TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ AĞI İÇİN ÜRETİM-DAĞITIM VE TERSİNE LOJİSTİK PLANLAMASI
Authors: YILMAZ Erdal , BİLGİN Elif
Published: February 2019

Tedarik zinciri genel tanımıyla; ürün ve hizmetin
hammaddeden başlayıp son müşteriye ulaşana kadar geçirdiği talep tahmini,
tedarik, üretim, stok, dağıtım, geri dönüşüm vb. işlemlerin, bilgi ve fiziksel
ürün akışının bütününü içeren sistemdir. Tedarik Zinciri Ağında yer alan
işlemlerin ayrı ayrı planlanması, her planlama adımındaki kararların diğerini zincirleme
etkilemesi nedeniyle yanlış kararlara neden olabilmektedir. Oysa ağ üzerinde
bir ürünün ne zaman, ne miktarda üretileceği, hangi araçla ne miktarda
dağıtılacağı ve ne zaman nereden ne miktarda geri toplanacağı birlikte
planlandığında maliyet ve kalite bakımından daha doğru kararlar
verilebilecektir.

Bu
çalışmada, bozulabilir bir ürünün, bir fabrikada üretimi, bu fabrikadan birden
fazla dağıtım merkezine birden fazla araç ile dağıtımı ve iade ürünlerin geri
toplanarak yeniden işleme merkezine satılmasını birleşik ele alan çok kademeli
bir tedarik zinciri ağı tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada önerilen karma tamsayılı
programlama modelin amacı, toplam üretim, ileri ve geri dağıtım ve stok
maliyetlerini (sabit üretim, değişken üretim, fabrikadaki stok, dağıtım merkezindeki
stok ve aracı kullanmanın ve geri dönüşüm merkezine uğramanın sabit ulaştırma
maliyetleri toplamı) en az yapmaktır.
OKUL YÖNETİCİSİNİN YETERLİKLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: SEVİNÇ Nuray , ARSLAN Hasan
Published: February 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı okul yöneticileri için yönetici yeterlikleri düzeylerini
değerlendirmeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Ölçek geliştirme ilkeleri
doğrultusunda literatür tarama, madde havuzu oluşturma, uzman görüşü alma ve
ölçek formu oluşturma aşamaları takip edilmiştir.  Okul yöneticilerinin yöneticilik görevlerini
yürütürken sahip olması gereken yeterlikler konusunda literatür taraması
yapılmıştır. Okul yöneticileri için Katz’ın (1978) etkili yöneticilikte üç
temel yeterlik alanı olan teknik yeterlikler, insancıl yeterlikler ve kavramsal
yeterlikler ile günümüzde yaşanan değişimlerle sahip olması gereken teknolojik
yeterlikleri de kapsayan dört yeterlik alanı belirlenmiştir. Bu dört boyuta
göre madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. 
Oluşturulan madde havuzundan alan uzmanlarının incelemeleri ve 50 okul
yöneticisinin görüşleri doğrultusunda yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda 65
maddelik taslak ölçek formu hazırlanmıştır. 
Taslak ölçek formu, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında okul yöneticisi
olarak görev yapan 256 katılımcıya uygulanarak elde edilen veriler analiz
edilmiştir. Madde analizleri, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve güvenirlik
analizleri yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin; KMO (Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy) değeri 0.914, Bartlett Testi 5,315ve Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık
katsayısı 0, 970 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda okul yöneticilerinin
yeterliklerini değerlendirmede kullanılmak üzere,  belirtilen dört boyutta 50 maddeden oluşan,
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olarak 
“Okul Yöneticisinin Yeterlikleri Ölçeği” geliştirilmiştir.
20.YY YAHUDİ DÜŞÜNCESİNE BİR KATKI: LOUIS JACOBS (1920-2006)
Authors: AMBAROĞLU Ayşe
Published: February 2019

20.yy,
Modern Yahudi Teolojisi, Kurumsal Yahudilik, Modernleşme ve Dindarlık başta
olmak üzere çok çeşitli alanlarda önemli tartışmaları kapsamaktadır. 17. Yy
Erken Modern Dönem Aydınlanması, Aydınlanma Dönemi ve 19.yy Haskala hareketini
takibeden 20 yy. Modern Yahudi düşüncesinde ilgiyi hakeden tartışmaları
taşımada önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Louis Jacobs'ın görüşleri içinde eğitim
aldığı İngiltere Yahudiliği 'nin aksine ABD ve Kanada da daha yaygın olan
Muhafazakâr (Conservative) Yahudili k ile daha uyumludur. Louis Jacobs'ın
eserlerinde Halakanın gelişimi, Kutsal Kitap metninin değerlendirilmesi,
modernleşme karşısında birey ve dindarlık gibi 20. Yy Reform ve Muhafazakâr
Yahudiligi nin önemli tartışmalarının etkisi görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Louis
Jacobs'ın görüşlerine dair genel bir bakış İngiltere Yahudiliği ve çağının
problemleri açısından sunulmaktadır.
Determination of surface roughness parameters of heat-treated and untreated scotch pine, oak and beech woods
Authors: AYATA Ümit , GÜRLEYEN Tuğba , GÜRLEYEN Levent , ÇAKICIER Nevzat
Published: February 2019

Heat treatment is an industrial application that
changes the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of wood. In addition,
the smell, color and surface roughness of the heat treated wood also varies. The
objective of this study is to investigate surface roughness properties (Ra, Rz and Rq)
of heat treatment and untreated some wood types. In this study, wood specimens
prepared from Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris
L.), oak (Quercus petreae L.) and
beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood
species were heat-treated according to ThermoWood® method at 212oC
for 1 hour and 2 hours in Bolu - Gerede, Turkey. Caliber sanding machine with
180 grinding were applied untreated and heat-treated specimens after heat
treatment. Surface roughness parameters (Ra,
Rz and Rq) according to ISO 4287
(1997) standard were determined for all samples. According to obtained data, it
was observed that the Ra, Rz and Rq parameters decreased when the heat treatment time
increased. It was determined that the surface roughness of all wood materials
was changed by the applied heat treatment process.
Manolya ağacı, akçaağaç ve tespih ağacı odunlarında vida tutma direnci üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Vedat , AYATA Ümit
Published: February 2019

Masif odunun, mobilya üretiminde, dekorasyon işlerinde ve yapı
malzemesi olarak kullanılmasında farklı birleştirme yöntemleri
kullanılmaktadır. Metal, plastik veya odundan hazırlanmış gereçler birleştirme
için kullanılmaktadır. Çivi, vida, cıvata ve zımba en fazla kullanılan metal
birleştirme gereçleridir. Birleştirme noktalarının mekanik performansı
birleştirme gerecine ve malzemeye göre değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, manolya (Magnolia grandiflora L.) ağacı, akçaağaç (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) ve tespih ağacı (Melia azedarach) odunlarının
vida tutma direnci üç farklı yüzeyde (teğet, radyal ve enine yüzey)
araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, TS EN 13446 numaralı standarda göre yapılmıştır.
Denemelerde, 4 x 50 mm ölçülerinde çinko vida kullanılmıştır. Deneme örnekleri
50 x 50 x 50 mm (genişlik x kalınlık x uzunluk) ölçülerinde hazırlanmıştır.
Vidalar takılmadan önce test örneklerine 2.5 mm çapında öndelik açılmıştır. Denemelerde
vida test örneklerine 30 mm vidalanmıştır. 
Denemeler, statik malzeme test cihazında yapılmıştır. Elde edilen
veriler iki yönlü ANOVA ile istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen
verilere göre; vida tutma direnci üzerine ağaç türü ve vidanın takıldığı
yüzeyin önemli derecede etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Salud Bucal
Authors: Delgado Azañero Wilson
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los conceptos actuales sobre la salud oral de los adultos. Los tejidos blandos y duros de la boca sufren cambios estructurales y bioquímicos a lo largo de la vida del individuo. Los mecanismos de defensa contra las injurias también guardan relación con la edad. Estas observaciones explicarían por qué algunas lesiones orales son más comunes en los pacientes adultos mayores. Las investigaciones acerca del biofilm han establecido que es una estructura compleja ubicada en las zonas supra e infragingivales, compuesta de microorganismos patógenos embebidos en una matriz de polímeros extracelulares de origen microbiano y salival. La periodontitis es básicamente una infección producida por bacterias anaeróbicas gram negativas presentes en el biofilm que tienen el potencial de diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo donde pueden provocar o agravar alteraciones sistémicas tales como: Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Endocarditis infecciosa, Neumonía bacteriana, Infarto cerebral, Infantes con bajo peso al nacer y Diabetes mellitus. La infección periodontal genera varias substancias nocivas que son el resultado de la interacción entre el biofilm y la respuesta inflamatoria del huésped. Estas sustancias corresponden a lipopolisacáridos, prostaglandinas, citosinas, proteína C reactiva y fibrinógeno circulante aumentados. Estos elementos encontrados en periodontitis explicarían la relación entre enfermedades sistémicas e infección oral.
Web-gLV: A Web Based Platform for Lotka-Volterra Based Modeling and Simulation of Microbial Populations
Authors: Kuntal Bhusan K. , Gadgil Chetan , Mande Sharmila S.
Published: February 2019

The affordability of high throughput DNA sequencing has allowed us to explore the dynamics of microbial populations in various ecosystems. Mathematical modeling and simulation of such microbiome time series data can help in getting better understanding of bacterial communities. In this paper, we present Web-gLV—a GUI based interactive platform for generalized Lotka-Volterra (gLV) based modeling and simulation of microbial populations. The tool can be used to generate the mathematical models with automatic estimation of parameters and use them to predict future trajectories using numerical simulations. We also demonstrate the utility of our tool on few publicly available datasets. The case studies demonstrate the ease with which the current tool can be used by biologists to model bacterial populations and simulate their dynamics to get biological insights. We expect Web-gLV to be a valuable contribution in the field of ecological modeling and metagenomic systems biology.
Selectivity in multiple multicomponent reactions: types and synthetic applications
Authors: Ghashghaei Ouldouz , Seghetti Francesca , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: February 2019

Multiple multicomponent reactions reach an unparalleled level of connectivity, leading to highly complex adducts. Usually, only one type of transformation involving the same set of reactants takes place. However, in some occasions this is not the case. Selectivity issues then arise, and different scenarios are analyzed. The structural pattern of the reactants, the reaction design and the experimental conditions are the critical factors dictating selectivity in these processes.
NON-LINEAR 3D MODELLING OF RC SLAB PUNCHING SHEAR FAILURE
Authors: Vainiunas Povilas , Popovas Vladimiras , Jarmolajev Andrej
Published: February 2019

Modern technologies of 3D computer modelling with the help of finite‐element methods of numerical analysis in non‐linear aproach enable a reliable simulation of real reinforced concrete slabs behaviour under the conditions of complicated stress‐strain state in all the stages of their behaviour under loading, including a stage of elasticity‐plasticity state in concrete and reinforcement as well as formation and development of destruction mechanism. Numerical methods of modelling of critical behaviour of structures go beyond the borders of scientific research, being increasingly applied for solving non‐trivial engineering tasks when it becomes evident that possibilities of analytical approach, acceptable for the existing design codes are not sufficient. In such a case an exceptional attention is to be paid for verification of calculated models against experimental research of similar numeric models. This article reviews a case of complex experimental‐theoretical and numerical calculation and analysis methods applied for a reinforced concrete floor slab and column connection. The object of research is of exceptional interest as for practical calculation methods for this type of constructions following design norms of different countries revision and additional processing are necessary. The results of the reinforced concrete floor slab and column junction computer model non‐linear numerical analysis are presented and compared with the results of an experimental study.
Near-infrared [Fe ii] and H2 Emission-line Study of Galactic Supernova Remnants in the First Quadrant
Authors: Lee Yong-Hyun , Koo Bon-Chul , Lee Jae-Joon , Burton Michael G. , Ryder Stuart
Published: February 2019

We report the detection of near-infrared (NIR) [Fe ii] (1.644 μm) and H2 1–0 S(1) (2.122 μm) line features associated with Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) in the first quadrant using two narrowband imaging surveys, UWIFE and UWISH2. Among the total of 79 SNRs fully covered by both surveys, we found 19 [Fe ii]-emitting and 19 H2-emitting SNRs, giving a detection rate of 24% for each. Eleven SNRs show both emission features. The detection rate of [Fe ii] and H2 peaks at the Galactic longitude (l) of 40°–50° and 30°–40°, respectively, and gradually decreases toward smaller/larger l. Five out of the eleven SNRs emitting both emission lines clearly show an “[Fe ii]–H2 reversal,” where H2 emission features are found outside the SNR boundary in [Fe ii] emission. Our NIR spectroscopy shows that the H2 emission originates from collisionally excited H2 gas. The brightest SNR in both [Fe ii] and H2 emissions is W49B, contributing more than 70% and 50% of the total [Fe ii] 1.644 μm (2.0 × 104

L

⊙

) and H2 2.122 μm (1.2 × 103

L

⊙

) luminosities of the detected SNRs. The total [Fe ii] 1.644 μm luminosity of our Galaxy is a few times smaller than that expected from the SN rate using the correlation found in nearby starburst galaxies. We discuss possible explanations for this.
Présence des femmes dans les Conseils d’Administration et performance des entreprises : étude du cas tunisien
Authors: Bentaleb Sfar Dorsaf
Published: February 2019

Dans une logique sociale et dans une optique d’équité, les femmes, constituant une contrainte capitale et déterminante pour les choix gouvernementaux, doivent asseoir leur autorité. Au-delà d’un simple emploi, elles doivent se valoriser voire même se maintenir au même rang que leurs collaborateurs masculins. De ce fait et à partir de cette étude, nous analyserons la nature de la relation entre la présence féminine au sein du conseil d’administration et la performance des entreprises tunisiennes cotées. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené notre étude auprès de 45 sociétés cotées en bourse sur une période de 14 ans de 1998 à 2011. Notre validation empirique a permis la démonstration du poids de la mixité quant à l’amélioration de la rentabilité de la firme conformément à sa structure financière ainsi que sa rentabilité par unité de fonds investi.
La contribution de l’auditeur interne à l’ entreprise risk management : résultats d’une étude exploratoire
Authors: Hazami-Ammar Sourour
Published: February 2019

Ce papier explore dans quelles mesures l’auditeur interne peut-il contribuer à l’Enterprise Risk Management. Les responsables de cette fonction abordent les facteurs motivant et inhibant la portée de cette contribution. Ils évoquent que même si un changement a été perçu au niveau du rôle de l’auditeur interne en rapport avec l’ERM, son incompétence, non-indépendance et non-intégration du risque de fraude peuvent freiner l’efficacité de son intervention. Une prémisse se manifeste selon laquelle un changement important doit se produire dans les finalités de l’audit interne au cours des cinq prochaines années.
Conformité au code de bonnes pratiques de gouvernance et qualité de l’audit externe : cas de la Belgique
Authors: Lajmi Azhaar
Published: February 2019

L’intérêt principal de la présente étude est d’étendre la lignée de recherches antérieures et d’examiner, sur la base des fondements de la théorie de l’agence, la relation entre la conformité au code belge de bonnes pratiques de gouvernance et la qualité de l’audit externe. Les résultats issus de la régression linéaire généralisée appliquée pour les entreprises belges cotées montrent un effet positif et significatif de la gouvernance d’entreprise approchée par un indice composite et la qualité de l’audit externe. JEL Classification : G32, G38, M42, N24, C23
Avant l’écriture, à côté du texte : listes et genèse littéraire
Authors: Zanardo Monica
Published: February 2019

L’article porte sur les listes génétiques qui figurent dans les papiers autographes de plusieurs écrivains et qui sont destinées à disparaitre au fil de l’écriture. Nous proposons un classement fonctionnel des listes génétiques sur la base de leurs usages : aux listes « expansives » (qui sont progressivement développées au fil de l’écriture) s’opposent les listes « contractiles » (sur lesquelles les écrivains travaillent par sélection progressive des items). A côté de ces deux directions de dépassement de la liste, on trouve aussi les listes d’appui (qui se situent généralement « à côté du texte », car elles ne participent pas directement de sa genèse) et les listes de régie, visant à réorganiser la matière littéraire.
Data-Centric UML Profile for Wireless Sensors
Authors: Plazas Julian Eduardo , Bimonte Sandro , De Sousa Gil , Corrales Juan Carlos
Published: February 2019

Modelling WSN data behaviour is relevant since it would allow to evaluate the capacity of an application for supplying the user needs, moreover, it could enable a transparent integration with different data-centric information systems. Therefore, this article proposes a data-centric UML profile for the design of wireless sensor nodes from the user point-of-view capable of representing the gathered and delivered data of the node. This profile considers different characteristics and configurations of frequency, aggregation, persistence and quality at the level of the wireless sensor nodes. Furthermore, this article validates the UML profile through a computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool implementation and one case study, centred on the data collected by a real WSN implementation for precision agriculture and smart farming.
Teletandem and Teacher's Beliefs about Culture and Language
Authors: Salomão Ana Cristina Biondo
Published: February 2019

The present scenario of globalization and intercultural communication brings about new language learning contexts, such as Teletandem, to connect language teaching from a local and global perspective through telecollaboration. In this article, some results of a qualitative research are presented, focusing on a blended extension course for continuing education of language teachers in the Teletandem Brasil Project. The participants were eight Brazilian teachers who made regular teletandem sessions with Uruguayan and Argentinean teachers of Portuguese as a foreign language through Skype. The data analysis pointed to the need to reflect whether teletandem practice leads to deconstruction or reinforcement of beliefs about language and culture for these teachers. In this way, the results pose a challenge to mediation in Teletandem practice, which ought to address concepts of language and culture from a postmodern perspective as well as practitioners' beliefs in order to allow the interactions to work as a context for reflection and deconstruction of stereotypes.
Chunk Meets Image
Authors: Kim Byoung Gwan , Shim Hye Rin
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the optimal conditions under which foreign language learning takes place using a smartphone. The authors proposed that two factors, chunking and imagery, would increase language learning. On the basis of previous findings, they formulated three hypotheses: (a) the use of images will have a positive effect on learning English sentences; (b) the use of chunks will have a positive effect on learning English sentences; and (c) the combined use of images and chunks will have a greater positive effect on learning English sentences than either feature alone. A total of 92 Korean seventh graders participated in this study. To examine the learning effect of chunking (i.e., sentence segmentation unit) and imagery (i.e., visual aid) in an experimental setting, they produced a smartphone learning application that incorporated the two methods. The authors measured learning effect with respect to lexical memory retention (i.e., word retrieval ability) and word order composition (i.e., ability to arrange words according to standard English syntax). The results show that the main effects of both chunking and imagery were significant and that the interaction effect between the two on lexical memory retention was also significant. The interaction effect was greater in the delayed effect measurement than in the immediate effect measurement. These findings suggest optimal conditions for designing a smartphone-based, self-learning application.
Reconfiguring Household Management in Times of Discontinuity as an Open System
Authors: Sajeva Maurizio , Mitchell Andrew , Lemon Mark
Published: February 2019

This article is based upon a heterodox approach to economics that rejects the oversimplification made by closed economic models and the mainstream concept of ‘externality.' This approach re-imagines economics as a holistic evaluation of resources versus human needs, which requires judgement based on understanding of the complexity generated by the dynamic relations between different systems. One re-imagining of the economic model is as a holistic and systemic evaluation of agri-food systems' sustainability that was performed through the multi-dimensional Governance Assessment Matrix Exercise (GAME). This is based on the five capitals model of sustainability, and the translation of qualitative evaluations into quantitative scores. This is based on the triangulation of big data from a variety of sources. To represent quantitative interactions, this article proposes a provisional translation of GAME's qualitative evaluation into a quantitative form through the identification of measurement units that can reflect the different capital dimensions. For instance, a post-normal, ecological accounting method, Emergy is proposed to evaluate the natural capital. The revised GAME re-imagines economics not as the ‘dismal science,' but as one that has potential leverage for positive, adaptive and sustainable ecosystemic analyses and global ‘household' management. This article proposes an explicit recognition of economics nested within the social spheres of human and social capital which are in turn nested within the ecological capital upon which all life rests and is truly the bottom line. In this article, the authors make reference to an on-line retailer of local food and drink to illustrate the methods for evaluation of the five capitals model.
Loss of contralateral upper limb motor evoked potential due to occlusion of the internal carotid artery in microsurgical clipping of basilar tip aneurysm
Authors: Seng Liew , Yasuhiro Yamada , Rajagopal Niranjana , Mohammad Ameen , Takao Teranishi , Kyosuke Miyatani , Tsukasa Kawase , Kato Yoko
Published: February 2019

The motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring is routinely used as an adjunct in the microsurgical clipping of anterior circulation. We describe a case of unruptured basilar tip aneurysm treated with microsurgical clipping developed loss in MEP recording of the left abductor pollicis brevis (APB) following clipping of basilar tip aneurysm. A 58-year-old man was referred to the Fujita Health University Banbuntane-Hotokukai Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, with incidental finding of unruptured 6.5 mm basilar tip saccular aneurysm. He underwent right anterior temporal approach of basilar tip aneurysm clipping. The internal carotid artery (ICA) was mobilized laterally to allow direct visualization of the neck of the basilar tip aneurysm. Following the application of temporary clip and subsequently permanent clip at the neck of the aneurysm, the MEP signal was lost in the left APB. The temporary clip was immediately removed. Dual-image videoangiography (DIVA) showed a filling defect in the right ICA and a branch of middle cerebral artery (MCA). The MEP was absent for about 23 minutes and the amplitude improved to only 75% of the baseline recording at 38 minutes till the end of the surgery. A repeat DIVA showed good flow within the right ICA and MCA. Glasgow coma score was 15/15 on postoperative day 1 and there was no gross motor or sensory deficit except right oculomotor nerve palsy with complete recovery at 6 months follow-up. This is the first reported ICA occlusion due to its mobilization in microsurgical clipping of basilar tip aneurysm. The use of neuromonitoring especially MEP is essential even in the posterior circulation aneurysm surgery especially when excessive manipulation of the ICA is unavoidable. When performing intraoperative angiography for aneurysm surgery, it is prudent to detect any filling defect within the surrounding vessels.
Spontaneous resolution of epidural hematoma: A rare case
Authors: Manne Srikrishnaditya , Musali Siddartha , Gollapudi Prakash , Karla Ravi
Published: February 2019

An epidural hematoma is a life-threatening condition which necessitates early surgical intervention. Conservative management is undertaken in smaller hematomas; rarely, a massive hematoma may show spontaneous resolution which can be picked up only by a repeat computed tomography before surgery. Here, we report one such case where we noted a surprisingly rapid resolution of an epidural hematoma, which was relatively a large clot and where the last minute call to have a repeated computed tomography scan changed the line of management altogether from a surgical one to conservative. The patient in this particular case is a 20-year-old male, with a history of fall from height. The initial scan showed a large epidural hematoma which requires surgical evacuation, whereas the subsequent scans showed near-complete resolution and hence was managed conservatively. Rare cases like these should always be kept in mind, and the importance of a repeat scan should never be disregarded.
Meningitis for Streptococcus salivarius secondary to paradoxical cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea as a complication of retrosigmoid approach
Authors: Vargas Osorio María , Muñoz Montoya Juan , Charry Lopez Marco , Rojas Romero Luis
Published: February 2019

Rhinorrhea secondary to a retrosigmoid approach is rare, but when it manifests, it is due to a paradoxical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, as a result of the communication between the mastoid cells, middle ear, and eustachian tube, which finally ends on the release of CSF through the nasopharynx. Abnormal communications increases the risk of infections, not only at the surgical site but also through an ascending path. Magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC) with intrathecal gadolinium injection through a lumbar puncture not only allows an adequate diagnosis but also helps to establish management plans. Here, we present an eighty-three-year-old female patient, with a history of trigeminal neuralgia, who underwent retrosigmoid approach to perform trigeminal microvascular decompression. After intervention, the patient consulted for rhinorrhea, fever, and headache. Lumbar puncture was performed, resulting on the isolation of Streptococcus salivarius in CSF. Nuclear MRC with intrathecal gadolinium injection was performed, identifying a paradoxical CSF leak. Failure in medical management with conservative treatment ends in surgical reexploration, identifying a bone defect in mastoid cells, which was corrected.
Delayed pneumoventricle following endonasal cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea repair with thecoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Krishnan Shyam , Manuel Adarsh , Vasudevan Madabhushi
Published: February 2019

Pneumocephalus and pneumoventricle are well-documented in neurosurgical practice. Although both are common posttraumatic sequelae, iatrogenic causes are also well recognized. Iatrogenic causes may be seen after intracranial surgical procedures or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures. Small amount of pneumoventricle postshunt procedure is usually a self-limiting condition. Rarely, the patient may develop tension pneumoventricle which requires emergency intervention. The occurrence of delayed tension pneumoventricle/pneumatocele following surgery for CSF rhinorrhea with CSF diversion procedures is very rare. We report one case of late presentation of delayed tension pneumoventricle with temporal pneumatocele in a patient who underwent transnasal endoscopic repair of CSF fistula followed by thecoperitoneal shunt. This condition is potentially lethal that requires prompt recognition and surgical treatment.
Follow-up bibliometric analysis of neurosurgical publications from Pakistan and institutional comparison with other countries using h-index and i-10 index
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Siddiqui Usman , Shamim Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the neurosurgical research output of Pakistan and compare it with that of developed countries. Methodology: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publically available databases for all neurosurgical publications from Pakistan. All indexed peer-reviewed publications from January 2009 to December 2014 where at least one author was affiliated with any neurosurgical departments in Pakistan and research was conducted in Pakistan were selected. Manual and electronic search was done using MeSH terms to search for articles from Pakistan. Articles were then categorized according to design, subspecialty, region, and year. Results: Our search identified 121 articles during the defined study period (mean = 20.16 ± 5.2 papers/year). A relatively constant increase was noticed for the last 6 years, i.e., 2009–2014. From the total 121 references, 100 (82.4%) publications were from one city, and on subanalysis, 80 (66.1%) were from a single institution. Three primary authors cumulatively contributed to 76 (62.8%) of these publications. Almost two-thirds (n = 76, 62.8%) of these publications were published in either regional or international journals while only 37.2% (n = 45) were published in local nonneurosurgery-specific journals. Only one study in the 6-year study period was with Level I evidence (meta-analysis). Conclusion: Neurosurgery research in Pakistan has shown modest improvement in terms of quality and quantity. Collaboration between various centers and channelizing different resources to create national data registries along with basic science laboratories is much needed.
Evaluating the Adherence to Guidelines for Management of Acute Heart Failure in the Gaza Strip Hospitals: A Medical Chart–Based Review Study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Dabbour Reem , Alkhatib Mohammed , Abdalghafoor Tamer , Alaloul Enas , Habib Mohamed , Ismail Montaser , Bottcher Bettina
Published: February 2019

Objective: To evaluate adherence of clinicians to the European guidelines for management of acute heart failure (AHF). Materials and Methods: This was a medical chart–based review study conducted from January to December 2016, including 200 medical records of patients admitted to two major hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The AHF management was compared to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines, 2016. Results: The patients' mean age was 66.0 ± 13.0 years. A total of 100 patients (50.0%) were women and 192 (96.0%) had comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. The most notable finding was that of a very poor standard of documentation, especially for vital signs. Patient management showed mostly moderate to good adherence to guidelines with 189 (94.5%) patients undergoing electrocardiogram, 90 (45.0%) echocardiography, 97 (48.5%) chest X-ray, and 79 patients of 167 (47.3%) receiving vasodilators appropriately. Good adherence was found in checking glucose levels, 176 (88.0%), and application of oxygen (100% with SpO2 < 90%). Some aspects of care showed poor adherence, such as overuse of digoxin in 57 patients (28.5%), of which only 30 (53.4%) had atrial fibrillation and inappropriate use of beta-blockers in two patients who were hypotensive. Furthermore, brain natriuretic peptide was not used at all. Conclusion: The results of this study show suboptimal adherence to the ESC guidelines in management of AHF, reflecting the need to improve awareness of evidence-based medicine among clinicians.
The Gold Standard: A Qualitative Framing Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Golden Rice in the United States and Philippines
Authors: Ruth Taylor K. , Rumble Joy N.
Published: February 2019

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major issue in developing countries and affects approximately 250 million children, and blinding 500,000 a year. A proposed intervention to VAD is Golden Rice, a rice that has been genetically modified (GM) to contain beta-carotene, the precursor to Vitamin A. However, Golden Rice is often associated with negatively perceived GM food. Because the media is the most trusted source in providing food-risk related information, a framing analysis of Golden Rice in United States and Philippine newspapers was conducted to determine past and current frames used to describe the rice. Understanding such frames could help domestic and international extension workers develop effective communication strategies and educational opportunities. In the United States, GM food was typically the main topic, and Golden Rice was used as a supporting argument. Science and humanitarian frames were used to describe the rice in the U.S. articles. Golden Rice was more often the main topic in the Philippine articles, and more frames were identified: human health, science, policy, risk, and conflict. Golden Rice appears to be in the emergence phase of the framing cycle in the U.S. and in the conflict/resolution phase in the Philippines. Extension in the U.S. and the Philippines should provide education toolkits to journalists about Golden Rice and consider providing press releases to shape the frames used by the media. Extension workers in the Philippines should
educate consumers and farmers about the science of Golden Rice to help them create informed opinions toward the product.
Agricultural Extension Officers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Food Security Issues in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Roberts T. Grady , Ganpat Wayne G. , Albert Bertrhude , Narine Lendel , Sudeen Samantha
Published: February 2019

Food security is a complex global problem that will require the interaction of a wide variety of people to solve. Although food insecurity has been reduced in Latin American and the Caribbean in the last decade, national governments in the region are still enacting policies to help further address the situation. In 2012, the government of Trinidad and Tobago enacted the National Food Production Action Plan and government extension agents are central to the field-level implementation of many aspects of the plan. This study explored agricultural extension officers’ knowledge and perceptions of food security issues in Trinidad and Tobago. Results revealed extension officers need additional professional development training to have the requisite knowledge to help implement the plan with the most pressing topics being data storage and retrieval; research and development; and understanding legislation and policies. Additionally, results revealed training needs varied for officers based on: (a) plans to stay in extension; (b) education level; (c) attention paid to global issues; and (d) training received on food security.
The Macquarie Island (LoFlo2G) high-precision continuous atmospheric carbon dioxide record
Authors: Stavert Ann R. , Law Rachel M. , van der Schoot Marcel , Langenfelds Ray L. , Spencer Darren A. , Krummel Paul B. , Chambers Scott D. , Williams Alistair G. , Werczynski Sylvester , Francey Roger J. , Howden Russell T.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Southern Ocean (south of 30∘ S) is a key global-scale sink of
carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the isolated and inhospitable nature
of this environment has restricted the number of oceanic and atmospheric
CO2 measurements in this region. This has limited the scientific
community's ability to investigate trends and seasonal variability of the
sink. Compared to regions further north, the near-absence of terrestrial
CO2 exchange and strong large-scale zonal mixing demands unusual
inter-site measurement precision to help distinguish the presence of
midlatitude to high latitude ocean exchange from large CO2 fluxes
transported southwards in the atmosphere. Here we describe a continuous, in
situ, ultra-high-precision Southern Ocean region CO2 record, which
ran at Macquarie Island (54∘37′ S, 158∘52′ E) from 2005
to 2016 using a LoFlo2 instrument, along with its calibration strategy,
uncertainty analysis and baseline filtering procedures. Uncertainty estimates
calculated for minute and hourly frequency data range from 0.01 to
0.05 µmol mol−1 depending on the averaging period and
application. Higher precisions are applicable when comparing Macquarie Island
LoFlo measurements to those of similar instruments on the same internal
laboratory calibration scale and more uncertain values are applicable when
comparing to other networks. Baseline selection is designed to remove measurements that are influenced by
local Macquarie Island CO2 sources, with effective removal achieved
using a within-minute CO2 standard deviation metric. Additionally,
measurements that are influenced by CO2 fluxes from Australia or
other Southern Hemisphere land masses are effectively removed using
model-simulated radon concentration. A comparison with flask records of
atmospheric CO2 at Macquarie Island highlights the limitation of the
flask record (due to corrections for storage time and limited temporal
coverage) when compared to the new high-precision, continuous record: the new
record shows much less noisy seasonal variations than the flask record. As
such, this new record is ideal for improving our understanding of the spatial
and temporal variability of the Southern Ocean CO2 flux, particularly
when combined with data from similar instruments at other Southern
Hemispheric locations.
Greenland Ice Sheet discharge from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , Colgan William , Solgaard Anne , Karlsson Nanna B. , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , van As Dirk , Box Jason E. , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Mouginot Jeremie , Fausto Robert S.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We present a new 18-year (2000 to 2018) estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet ice discharge. Our data include all ice that flows faster than 100 m yr−1 and are generated through an automatic and adaptable method, as opposed to conventional hand-picked gates. We position gates near the present-year termini and estimate problematic bed topography (ice thickness) values where necessary. In addition to using annual time-varying ice thickness, our time series uses velocity maps that begin with monthly estimates and sparse spatial coverage and ends with ~6-day estimates and near-complete spatial coverage. The recent average (2010 to 2017) ice discharge through the flux-gates is ~500 ± 50 Gt yr−1. The 10 % uncertainty stems from uncertain ice bed location (ice thickness). We attribute the ~50 Gt yr−1 differences among our results and previous studies to our use of updated bed topography from BedMachine v3. Discharge increases from 2000 to 2005, then appears approximately steady. However, regional variability is more pronounced, with decreases at all major discharging glaciers and in all but one 10 sector offset by increases in the NW sector. As part of the journal’s living archive option, all input data, code, and results from this study will be updated when new input data are accessible and made freely available at doi:10.22008/promice/data/ice_discharge.
Ingénierie, climatologie et topographie de l'être-dans-le-monde – Des îles pour penser l'architecture ?
Authors: Meziou Olfa Raja
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This text is an architect's reading of the last volume of Peter Sloterdijk's trilogy Ecumes (Foam), particularly the two chapters “Insulations” and
“Indoors”. It raises the issue whether the atmospheric analysis that
Sloterdijk develops from his representation of the being-in-the-world and the
inhabitation can lead to a new understanding of space that would help reach
more habitable future spaces. It suggests that the metaphor of the island can
help construct some sort of an intermediary analysis and conception object :
the (new) machine-to-live-in. Through the exercise of the atmospheric
analysis, it suggests a new critical reading of the conception processes of
human spatiality, which gives a glimpse into the possibility of setting new
generators for contemporary space design.
INFLUENCE OF STRAIN-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION ON STRESS SOFTENING OF SULFUR CROSS-LINKED UNFILLED GUAYULE AND DANDELION NATURAL RUBBERS
Authors: Junkong P. , Matsushima Y. , Phakkeeree T. , Cornish K. , Ikeda Y.
Published: February 2019

The stress softening behaviors of sulfur cross-linked unfilled guayule natural rubber (S-GR) and sulfur cross-linked unfilled dandelion natural rubber (S-DR) under cyclic deformation were characterized by simultaneous wide angle X-ray diffraction and tensile measurements under cyclic deformation. The behaviors were found to be affected by their strain-induced crystallization (SIC) phenomena and aggregated nonrubber components. The stress softening degree at stretching ratio = 8.0 of S-DR was almost two times larger than that of S-GR. Additionally, the hysteresis loss and residual strain of S-DR were much higher than those of S-GR in the same cycle. The key factors that caused the increase in their degree of stress softening were the increase in average volume and the decrease in average number of strain-induced crystallites upon cyclic deformation, not the insignificant decrease in crystallinity. The breakage of the aggregated nonrubber components is a main origin of stress softening behaviors for S-GR and S-DR because their SIC behaviors also were significantly influenced by the aggregates of nonrubber components in the rubber matrixes. Both the effects of nonrubber components and SIC on stress softening were more dominant in S-DR than in S-GR, probably owing to the larger amount of aggregated nonrubber components in the former than in the latter. The results will be useful in effectively using guayule and dandelion natural rubbers as alternatives to Hevea natural rubber in the rubber industry.
BIO-CACO3 FROM RAW EGGSHELL AS ADDITIVE IN NATURAL RUBBER LATEX GLOVE FILMS
Authors: Tangboriboon Nuchnapa , Takkire Rujika , Sangwan Watchara , Changkhamchom Sairung , Sirivat Anuvat
Published: February 2019

Raw hen eggshell powder, a calcium carbonate source, was used as a biofiller in the natural rubber latex compound and latex glove film formation via dipping process. The powder was anticipated to improve the physical (smoothness and thickness of film) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of latex film and to reduce the extractable protein content on film surface. Eggshell powder ground by a rapid mill was fine particles of approximately 37.48 μm in diameter, suitable for homogeneous and compatible addition into the natural rubber latex compound. Dipping hand mold into the natural rubber latex compound with 50 wt% eggshell added was the best formula to obtain a smooth, clear, thin film surface, with the tensile strength of 23.24 ± 0.745 MPa and the highest elongation at break of 723.99 ± 14.60%, along with a low protein content, a dense film without water leakage, and with a good contact angle. The natural rubber latex glove film possessed good physical-mechanical properties and a low protein content as the results of the raw eggshell powder added as a biofiller.
The Life Experience and Satisfaction of Foreign Students in Eastern China: A Case of Anhui Province
Authors: Paul NGARUKIYIMANA Jean , Emmanuel TEYE Tetteh , Lin Tian , Nadege MUHIMPUNDU , Annonciate AKIMANIZANYE , Odette MUJAWAMARIYA , Mohammed ABUBAKARI Sadiq
Published: February 2019

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the migration intentions of foreign students and to have a better understanding of their life experiences in eastern China with a focus to Anhui province. A questionnaire survey sent to foreign students studying in Anhui province and depth interviews were used to investigate these migration intentions. Screening method was employed to all 527 participants and only464respondents were considered for further analysis. The results show that few students arrive in Anhui with the intention of immigrating permanently. Various factors including business opportunities, security and personal factors among many others influence them in decision- making process. The results reveal that there is no significant intentions to stay permanently however, there exist instances with a slight increase in the length of stay from 0% (initial) to 1.9% (after two years) and a steady variation of 30% of all respondents who wish to stay for short -period ranging between 2-3 years was noted. On the other hand, family and societal factors as well as length of stay was seen to be the high contributing factors leading to 58% of all respondents’ decision to go back to their home countries immediately after completion of studies. Furthermore, results show that there is a gap in Chinese education system on human racial equality leading to lower satisfaction of African students living in China which may threaten China’s sustainable economic growth image in African market. This study is helpful for policy makers and education system upgrade plans. However, following the area limitation used herein, there remains need for further studies on the subject using large scale to avoid generalizations made in this study.