bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental-friendly view on steel industry dust and sludge as secondary raw materials-analysis and evaluation of the characteristic properties
Authors:   M.L., Nad jazerom, 040 12 Košice, Slovakia, Šoltész Matulová J. , Fecková Škrabuľáková E. ,   Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia, Ivanová M. ,   University of Presov, 17. Novembra 15, 081 16 Prešov, Slovakia
Published: May 2023

Aim: To analyze the characteristic properties of dust and sludge from steel converters and to evaluate the perspectives of their reuse. Methodology: In order to evaluate the properties of samples, standard research designs were followed. Different methods such as titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, optical emission spectrometry and combustion/fusion analyses were followed. Results: In a series of experiments, the percentage Fe and Fe oxides, calcium and zinc oxides as well as the amount of quartz were determined. A large amount of precious metals and materials in the study samples were recovered by suitable techniques. Instead of polluting the environment, the secondary products of steelmaking process can be reused. Interpretation: The work is important from the environmental point as it brings a complex view on the characteristic properties of steel industry dusts and sludges in the shape of physico-chemical and morphological properties, granulometric composition, and mineralogical analysis. This knowledge might bring better understanding of recycling perspectives of these items not only in the case of their pyrometallurgical processing. Key words: Dust, Recycling, Secondary raw materials, Sludge, Steel industry
Genetic characterization of fish, Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822 found in Chandipur Coast of Odisha using COI and Cytochrome b genes
Authors:   Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, P.G. Dept. of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore-756 020, India, Jena R. , Rout A.K. ,   Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700 120, India, Jana A.K. ,   Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700 120, India, Behera B. ,   Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, P.G. Dept. of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore-756 020, India, Behera B.K. ,   Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700 120, India
Published: May 2023

Aim: In this study we characterized the fish Cynoglossus lingua collected from Chandipur Coast of Odisha using the mtDNA markers cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt-b) genes. Methodology: Samples of flat fish were collected from Balaramgadi fish landing center, Chandipur sea beach, Odisha coast. The collected specimens were initially identified based on the morphology using standard taxonomic keys. Molecular characterization was accomplished through PCR amplification of COI and Cyt-b genes. The sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and aligned using Clustal W for homology mapping. Phylogenetic status was inferred by the neighbor-joining method using MEGA v7.0. Results: The taxonomic keys and the COI and Cyt-b gene sequences identified the specimens as C. lingua. The COI and Cyt-b gene sequences showed 98% and 99% sequence similarity with C. lingua isolate FMU.CIFRI.FF-7 COI gene (GenBank accession: MN889532.1) and the C. lingua isolate FM.CIFRI.CYTB.FF-7 Cyt-b gene (GenBank accession MT362541.1), respectively. Interpretation: The study supports the reliability of combining classical taxonomic approaches with molecular analysis using COI and Cyt-b genes for the identification of C. lingua. Key words: Cynoglossus lingua, COI gene, Cytochrome b gene, DNA barcoding, Molecular taxonomy
Good practices adopted by horticulture farmers to minimize residual effects of pesticides for food safety hazard and soil health
Authors:   Department of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India, Ghanghas B.S. , Rohilla A.K. ,   Department of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India, Chahal P.K. ,   Department of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India, Malik J. ,   DES, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rohtak, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India, Niwas R. ,   Computer Section, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India, Mukteshwar R. ,   Department of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
Published: May 2023

Aim: To study the extent of adopting good practices by horticulture farmers to minimize the residual effects of pesticides for food safety hazard and healthy natural resource base, i.e., soil, water and biodiversity pivotal for ecological and environmental safety, climate resilience and sustainability of farming. Methodology: Exploratory study. Results: Overall awareness of horticulture farmers pertaining to minimization of residual effects of pesticides was moderate to high since 90.00 per cent farmers belonged to these categories. They regularly used branded green pesticides followed by pesticide measures after proper identification of insect pest, diseases, weeds, etc., waiting period (7-10 days) for harvesting after pesticide use or they sprayed after harvesting, no tank mixing of pesticides in one operation to avoid separate sprays of 2-3 kinds of pesticides, no use of pesticides banned by university or government to minimize residual effects of pesticides. Interpretation: Good practices are eco-friendly in nature and minimize residue effects of pesticides ultimately producing safe, healthy and nutritious fruits to reduce health hazards besides abatement in environmental pollution and ill effects on natural resource base, i.e., soil and water due to indiscriminate use of pesticides. For sustainable and climate resilient diversified agriculture through horticulture, horticultural good practices should be widely diffused and promoted with substantial policy support through competence of scientists, extension workers and farm leaders along with sufficient value chain infrastructure and marketing intelligence. Key words: Green pesticides, Good practices, Pest Defender ratio, Residual effects
Comparative biology and predatory potential of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata at different temperature regimes
Authors:   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya-224 229, India, Aman A.S. , Singh S.K. ,   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya-224 229, India, Chandra U. ,   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya-224 229, India
Published: May 2023

Aim: To assess the impact of various temperature regimes on the biology and predatory potential of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata under laboratory conditions. Methodology: Five treatments and four replications were used for observing the biology and predatory potential on different temperature regimes under laboratory conditions on field-collected mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi as a host. Results: Among different temperature regimes, the maximum fecundity and hatchability recorded were 250.67±9.50 and 80.07±0.95, respectively, at 30±2oC. Total grub and adult maximum predatory potential were 238.00±0.50, 508.00±2.65 and 556.33±2.84 at 30±2oC and the minimum were 180.00±5.00, 446.00±12.76 and 493.33±15.28, respectively, at 40±2oC. Interpretation: The present study revealed that 30±2oC temperature was most congenial for the development of Coccinella septempunctata under laboratory conditions and it could be used for mass multiplication of this aphidophagous insect. Key words: Coccinella septempunctata, Ladybird beetle, Predatory potential, Temperature regimes
Role of potash fertilization through organic and inorganic sources on growth and yield of turmeric
Authors:   Department of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795 004, India, Chanchan M. , Romen S. ,   Department of Horticulture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal-795 004, India, Hore J.K. ,   Department of Spice and Plantation Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, India
Published: May 2023

Aim: To investigate the possibility of substitution of inorganic inputs through organics and to evaluate the effects of bioorganic inputs on microbial population of soil. Methodology: A field experiment of RBD with 13 treatments and 3 replication using combination of organic manures viz., compost/vermicompost, potassic mobilising inoculants along with graded (100, 75 and 50%) levels of inorganic potassium were tried for partial substitution of inorganic potassium with organic source in turmeric cv. Suguna. Results: Considering the yield, the vermicompost + inorganic K (100%) + K mobiliser (32.35 t ha-1) was the best treatment, followed by Compost + K 100% + KM (31.13 t ha-1). Interpretation: These results indicate that soils were less fertile due to deficit in soil nutrients. Recommended doses of organic bio-fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer should be practiced for reclamation of soil status. Application of potassic mobilizer as biofertilizer in turmeric can reduce the application of inorganic potassium and support eco-friendly crop production. Key words: Compost, Curcuma longa, Organic manures, Potassic mobilizer, Turmeric, Vermicompost
Effect of application of lime with vermicompost on the activities of microorganisms of some acidic soils of West Bengal
Authors:   F/c IRDM, RKMVERI, Narendrapur-700 103, India, Chakraborty A. , Saha M. ,   Sasya Shyamala Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RKMVERI, Sonarpur-700 150, India, Dutta S. ,   F/c IRDM, RKMVERI, Narendrapur-700 103, India, Sahu N.C. ,   Sasya Shyamala Krishi Vigyan Kendra, RKMVERI, Sonarpur-700 150, India
Published: May 2023

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of integrated application of lime at partial doses of lime requirement (LR) with vermicompost in acid soils to minimize the soil acidity, improve the population of beneficial microorganisms and their microbial activities in comparison to sole treatment of lime as per Lime Requirement dose. Methodology: Two highly acidic soils collected from the farmer’s field of South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal having no history of acidity management were used. The soils were treated with different rates of lime requirement (LR, ⅔LR & ½LR) and lime (½LR) + vermicompost (5 tha-1) treatments and incubated for 60 days. Soil pH, soil organic carbon content, different microbial populations, microbial respiration and enzymatic activities (FDHA and DHA) were assessed at different days. Results: The study indicated that the lime treatments showed rapid increase in soil pH towards the slightly alkaline condition whereas lime +vermicompost treatment (T5) successfully maintained the neutralized condition. Integrated treatment of lower doses of lime and vermicompost (T5) was found to efficiently promote the microbial population (rhizobium, phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria) and microbial respiration (basal and substrate induced respiration) activity, which might be attributed to the improvement soil microbial status. FDHA and DHA increased significantly with ‘lime’ as well as the ‘lime with vermicompost’ treatments in comparison to control. Interpretation: The incorporation of lower amount of lime and organic matter efficiently neutralizes the acidity and boosted up the microbial activities simultaneously that in turn might improve the soil health. The high cost to purchase the huge quantity of lime as recommended LR (9.25 tha-1) for studied soils turns the farmers uninterested to follow lime practice and interrupted the mitigation of soil acidity. Thus, the study might conclude that the integrated approach of lime application@½LR with vermicompost might successfully ameliorate the acid soils in terms of acidity as well as the soil microbial activities. Key words: Acid soil, BSR, Dehydrogenase, Fluorescein diacetate, SIR, Lime, Vermicompost
Modelling and Analysis of Ziegler-Nichols and Chien-Hrones-Reswick Tuning PID on DC Motor Speed Control
Authors: Widagdo Reza Sarwo , Hariadi Balok , Setyadjit Kukuh
Published: May 2023

There have been many studies on the methods used to control DC motors, one of which is the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control method. The tuning procedure is carried out by trial and error whose results are not necessarily correct, to overcome this problem an alternative is needed that can achieve a better and faster value for the tuning process. Our contribution is explained the conventional PID (Ziegler - Nichols) and modificated PID (Chien - Hrones - Reswick). We also analyze the response of the speed-controlled DC motor using the Proportional, Integral, and Derivative parameters obtained from the tuning method described above. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each formula of these methods. Implementing both methods using a Matlab, creating a more convenient and user-friendly environment for engineering students and practicing engineers to better understand the formulas of his PID controller tuning method.
Modelling effects of water stress on the productivity of irrigated wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in a semiarid condition of Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Muhammad Mansur , Bashir Ali U. , Ismail Habibu , Sani Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Lake Chad region is currently experiencing trending issues. Climate change is among the major influencers of these issues that require inevitable consideration for a sustainable ecosystem. Various crop models have been developed and employed in various environmental conditions and management practices, which are cheaper and easier than field experiments. Therefore, crop models could be used to simulate various water management strategies and suggest suitable options. In this work, the FAO AquaCrop model has been evaluated to simulate deficit irrigation (DI) scenarios for wheat crops using data generated from a field experiment. The model simulated grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BMY), biomass production (BMP) and canopy cover (CC) adequately during its calibration and validation. However, its performance in simulating water productivity (WP) and actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) was low with average r2, NRMSE, model efficiency (EF) and Willmot Index of agreement (d) of 0.58, 11.0 %, -1.40 and 0.69 respectively. The study of DI scenarios using the model revealed that the application of DI throughout the growth stages of the crop could significantly affect GY and WP. The highest GY and WP of 5.3 t/ha and 1.50 kg/m3 were respectively obtained at the application of full irrigation (T100). Increasing DI beyond 20 % depressed both GY and WP significantly. However, increasing the irrigation interval from seven to ten days did not affect GY, thereby improving WP from 1.28 kg/m3 to 1.38 kg/m3. Therefore, applying an 80 % irrigation requirement throughout the wheat growing season at 10-day intervals could save 25 % of irrigation water, a valuable strategy to improve irrigation water use without significant yield reduction. Furthermore, irrigation-related scientists and managers can use the validated model to decide the current and future irrigation water management for similar wheat varieties in similar environmental conditions.
Ethnopharmacology Study of Traditional Herbs as Anti-dandruff and Anti-baldness in Amarasi District, Kupang Regency
Authors: Upa Muhamad Satria Mandala Pua , Bessi Marce Inggritha Taku , Korassa Yulius Baki
Published: May 2023

Backgrounds: Hot weather in Indonesia can cause problems with hair and scalp health, including dandruff (seborrheic) and cause hair roots to become weak, making it easier for hair loss or alopecia to occur. The Amarasi people still do hair and scalp treatments with traditional plants. Objectives: This study aims to determine the ethnopharmacology of herbs as anti-dandruff and anti-baldness in Amarasi sub-district, Kupang district, including plant names, plant properties, plant parts, processing methods, usage methods and usage rules. Methods: This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an exploratory observational design. The data was obtained in the form of a survey by interviewing respondents with the help of a questionnaire. The sample in this study was a traditional healer (Hatra) who understood the use and use of anti-dandruff and anti-baldness drugs. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling techniq namely Hatra who were over 20 years old and had experience as a hatred for more than 3 years and above. The sample in this study was 17 traditional healers (Hatra). Results: result research shows that there are 18 plants consisting of 8 single plants and 16 herbs that are used and efficacious as anti-dandruff and anti-baldness. The plant parts used are leaves, fruit, seeds, sap/mucus, tube and oots. the method of processing plants for hair and scalp care by burning, splitting, fryinsqueezing and g, mashing, then, how to use it is washed, smearing, washedmassagingsaged. Rules for using plants 1-2 times a week. Conclusion: The Amarasi community has traditional plants and herbs that can be used as a treatment for scalp problems, including anti-dandruff, preventing hair loss and nourishing hair (anti-baldness). These plants based on research literacy studies conducted by previous researchers proved to have potential in the treatment of anti-dandruff and antibody.
The Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Juice Powder
Authors: Rahmiati Nur , Sari Retno , Wahyuni Tutik Sri
Published: May 2023

Background: Many chronic diseases that occur in society can be caused by free radicals. Excessive free radicals in the body can contribute to oxidative stress. Therefore, the role of antioxidants in needed to inhibit the effects of free radicals. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is a plant that contains several active compounds. The lime juice was reported to contain flavonoids and ascorbic acid which have several bioactivities including antioxidants. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the chemical compounds and determine antioxidant activity in the lime juice powder of lime fruit collected from Ujung Pangkah, Gresik. Material and Methods: Lime was squeezed and dried by a freeze-dryer to remove the water content. The phytochemical profile of lime juice powder was evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) method and ascorbic acid content in lime juice powder was determined further. The antioxidant activity was analyzed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method. Results: The results of the study showed that lime juice powder contained flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. The ascorbic acid content was 0.38 mg/100mg. Antioxidant activities revealed strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 32.59 mg/mL, while an IC50 value of ascorbic acid showed 8.57 mg/mL. Conclusions: Lime juice powder has potential as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of lime juice powder being categorized to possess very strong antioxidant activity.
Black American Adolescent's Efficacy in the Face of Racial Discrimination
Authors: Glover Briah , Witherspoon Dawn
Published: May 2023

The pervasiveness of racism in the U.S. and its negative impact on key
development outcomes has led researchers to uncover mediators, of which
this article argues efficacy should be considered. Self-efficacy, one’s
belief in their capability to accomplish a task or goal, can be measured
in multiple domains of functioning and contexts to predict behavior. The
current study examines possible specificity in the relation between
discrimination (general discrimination [GD] and school
discrimination [SD]) and efficacy (academic efficacy [AE] and
efficacy to combat discrimination [ECD]), whether resilience
modifies these associations, and if these processes differ by gender.
879 Black youth (47% female; mean age = 12, SD = 0.58) were included in
the analyses. Findings suggest that school discrimination experiences
perceived resilience impact domains of efficacy differently. Resilience
positively impacted AE, but no significant moderation effects were
found.
A Summary of Experimental Research on Paraffin Deposition with Flow Loops
Authors: GAO CHANG
Published: May 2023

Wax/paraffin deposition in production wells and oil pipelines is a major
challenge for oil production. Extensive research has been conducted to
improve understanding of this process. This paper presents a review of
experimental work carried out with flow loops. Previous research
investigated paraffin deposition process under the influences of
temperature, flow rate/velocity, shear stress, water fraction, gas
phase, pipe material, asphaltene concentration, and chemical inhibitors.
Test results reveal that temperature and shear stress have significant
impacts on wax deposition. Limited research has been conducted on wax
deposition under multiphase flow. Even though more than 20 years of
efforts have been spent on wax deposition studies, unfortunately we have
not fully understood this phenomenon.
A New Approach for Low-Latitude Ionospheric Scintillation Prediction
Authors: Dos Santos Pedro Alexandre , Stephany Stephan , Rodrigues de Paula Eurico
Published: May 2023

The prediction of ionospheric scintillation is a current research topic. Data-oriented models have been proposed since there is not a mathematical model able to simulate the complex ionospheric mechanisms for the prediction of scintillation. Data-oriented models employ machine learning algorithms that are trained with known, post-mortem data, and then perform predictions from new data. An ensemble method based on sampling boosting applied for a set of decision trees is employed for the prediction of scintillation in a single low-latitude location in Brazil. The prediction was performed considering two classes, occurrence or absence of scintillation. The method uses as input temporal series of the scintillation index S4, the total electron content (TEC), and some geomagnetic and solar indexes for that location. Data encompasses the summer months of the previous solar cycle years (2010-2018), and it was split into mutually-exclusive training and validation/test sets. Prediction performance was promising, showing a potential to be developed for operational use. Data limitations related to time series extension, or also to a balanced distribution of samples/instances covering both classes, since scintillation occurrences are usually scarce, can be further developed as new data are available.
Earth's Paleomagnetic Field and its Changes Through Time
Authors: Ernesto Marcia , Brandt Daniele , Ribeiro Franco Daniel , Caminha Maciel George
Published: May 2023

Paleomagnetic data is the only way to access the behavior of the geomagnetic field of internal origin through geological time. Therefore, the complete description of the paleosecular variation (PSV) is fundamental for unraveling the evolution of the Earth's core. Modeling of PSV relies on observing the fluctuations in the direction and intensity of the field on the surface, the evaluation of the paleomagnetic data dispersion in different times and situations of low and high reversal rates, the kinematics of the virtual poles during reversals, and other aspects. Magneto-cyclostratigraphy is a powerful tool to constrain the age of sedimentary formations, and the recognition of patterns of magnetic variation represents a breakthrough in the development of cyclostratigraphy. This paper reviews some of the contributions to the subject of the Laboratory of Paleomagnetism at Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas the University of São Paulo.
New free-Air and Bouguer Gravity Anomalies Maps of Brazil
Authors: Zanon dos Santos Roberto Paulo , Marangoni Yára Regina , Alberto Moreno Chaves Carlos , Sant’Anna Marotta Giuliano
Published: May 2023

Here we perform the integration of all available data from the BNDG (Banco Nacional de Dados Gravimétricos) and the BDEP (Banco de Dados de Exploração e Produção da Agência Brasileira de Petróleo) to provide new free-air and Bouguer gravity anomaly maps for the Brazilian territory with newly acquired data over the years, mainly in regions with no data coverage in the past. Quality controls and subsequent gridding processes, in the same system of the whole dataset, are developed on the Oasis Montaj software (OM). Subsets of data from various gravity surveys are gridded and upward continued up to 3000 m to avoid high-frequency noise, allowing them to be gathered. We fill areas with no data coverage in the North Region of Brazil with gravity values from the XGM2019e geopotential model. To join the subset grids of ground and airborne surveys and the geopotential model, we use a collection of grids knitting methods from the OM. To verify the consistency of our grids, we compare them with previously derived gravity anomalies maps and geopotential models. Our new free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies maps showmore detailed short-wavelength geological structures than their predecessors. Therefore, these new gravity anomalies maps may be helpful for the development of recent tectonic, oil, and mining studies.
Elevated barometric pressure suppresses cell proliferation by delaying the G2/M phase and weakening integrin-mediated cell adhesion and actin assembly
Authors: Son Gwang-ic , Lee Eunil , Kim Mari , Lee Seoeun , Moon Yesol , Kim Joonhee
Published: May 2023

Human cells are continuously exposed to various stress factors in their physiological environment. Evidence suggests that certain mechanical stress can affect cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. However, the signaling pathways involved in this process are not well understood. To investigate this, we developed a pressure chamber capable of producing an elevated barometric pressure (EBP) environment of 2?atmospheric absolute pressure (ATA). We then studied the effect of EBP on cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism. Our results show that EBP inhibited cell proliferation by delaying the G2/M phase. Specifically, EBP reduced the expression levels of cell adhesion-related genes and downregulated integrin subunit genes, resulting in weaker interaction between cells and extracellular matrix proteins. In addition, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) activity was suppressed, and actin assembly was decreased. These findings suggest that the EBP-mediated G2/M phase delay is due to attenuated cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton assembly, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Our results provide a crucial molecular mechanism for how certain pressure (changes) can negatively regulate cell proliferation. These findings could potentially be used in the future to develop a pressure therapy to inhibit cell proliferation in cancer patients.
Global Prevalence of Prediabetes
Authors: Rooney Mary R. , Fang Michael , Ogurtsova Katherine , Ozkan Bige , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Boyko Edward J. , Magliano Dianna J. , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of prediabetes, defined by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We reviewed 7,014 publications for high-quality estimates of IGT (2-h glucose, 7.8–11.0 mmol/L [140–199 mg/dL]) and IFG (fasting glucose, 6.1–6.9 mmol/L [110–125 mg/dL]) prevalence for each country. We used logistic regression to generate prevalence estimates for IGT and IFG among adults aged 20–79 years in 2021 and projections for 2045. For countries without in-country data, we extrapolated estimates from countries with available data with similar geography, income, ethnicity, and language. Estimates were standardized to the age distribution for each country from the United Nations.

RESULTS

Approximately two-thirds of countries did not have high-quality IGT or IFG data. There were 50 high-quality studies for IGT from 43 countries and 43 high-quality studies for IFG from 40 countries. Eleven countries had data for both IGT and IFG. The global prevalence of IGT in 2021 was 9.1% (464 million) and is projected to increase to 10.0% (638 million) in 2045. The global prevalence of IFG in 2021 was 5.8% (298 million) and is projected to increase to 6.5% (414 million) in 2045. The 2021 prevalence of IGT and IFG was highest in high-income countries. In 2045, the largest relative growth in cases of IGT and IFG would be in low-income countries.

CONCLUSIONS

The global burden of prediabetes is substantial and growing. Enhancing prediabetes surveillance is necessary to effectively implement diabetes prevention policies and interventions.
Leucine supplementation ameliorates early life “programming” of obesity in rats
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Sun Bo , Han Xuesong , Shan Anshan , Ma Qingquan
Published: May 2023

  

The advanced cessation of lactation elevates the risk of programmed obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in adulthood. The study used multi-omics analysis to investigate the mechanism behind this phenomenon and the effects of leucine supplementation on ameliorating programmed obesity development. Wistar/SD rat offspring were subjected to early weaning (EW) at d 17 (EWWIS and EWSD groups) or normal weaning at d 21 (CWIS and CSD groups). Half rats from the EWSD group were selected to create a new group with two-month leucine supplementation at d 150. The results showed that EW impaired lipid metabolic gene expressions and increased insulin, neuropeptide Y, and feed intake, inducing obesity in adulthood. Six lipid metabolism-related genes (Acot1, Acot2, Acot4, Scd, Abcg8, and Cyp8b1) were influenced by EW during the whole experimental period. Additionally, adult early-weaned rats exhibited cholesterol and fatty acid β-oxidation disorders, liver taurine reduction, cholestasis, and insulin and leptin resistance. Leucine supplementation partly alleviated these metabolic disorders and increased liver L-carnitine, retarding programmed obesity development. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of programmed obesity development and the potential benefits of leucine supplementation, which may offer suggestions for life planning and programmed obesity prevention.
Cimentos fictícios da Cidade Penitenciária
Authors: Alvo Luis González
Published: May 2023

In 1937, a prison reform project called Cidade Penitenciária do Rio de Janeiro was published for the then capital of Brazil. From the architectural point of view, the “prison city” did not present significant differences from other prisons of the time. Nor was it presented as a kind of urbanization project. The proposal of its author, the architect Adelardo Caiuby, drew on his experience as the creator of the Model Leprosarium of São Paulo (1918), whose main idea was to allow long-time inmates in the hospital to lead a life similar to the one they had out of isolation. In theory, Caiuby tried to transfer this idea to the penitentiary sphere, although he did it with a traditional architectural prison design. In the article, we delve into the meanings of the metaphor of the city that some state agents deemed adequate to solve the problems of incarceration. What were prison conditions like in the Federal District in 1930? Who were the agents in charge of seeking solutions? What experiences did they have? What was the specific operating proposal for this city? How did it differ from other existing prisons? These are some of the questions raised in the article. It different from other existing prisons? These are some of the questions that guide this work.
Dos primórdios à institucionalização do rodoviarismo no Brasil (1893-1945)
Authors: Grandi Guilherme , Huertas Daniel
Published: May 2023

From the arrival of the first automotive vehicle in Brazil in 1893 until the government of Artur Bernardes (1922-26), little more than three decades had passed in the pioneering phase of the road transport system in Brazil, in which public transport policies had been more focused on the rail system. The article works with the hypothesis that it is only possible to talk about the institutionalization of a road transport system in the country after the Washington Luís government (1926-30), since the creation in 1927 of both the Special Fund for Roads Construction and the Federal Highways Commission (CERF) definitely placed it among the priorities of the federal government. During the Vargas Era (1930-45), when the National Department of Highways (DNER) was created in 1937, and the National Highway Plan (PRN) was implemented in 1944, the road transport system gained strength in political and institutional terms and gradually entered the collective imagination of part of the Brazilian population, acquiring territorial capillarity and an economic base.
Pluralismo jurídico latino-americano
Authors: Herzog Tamar , Siqueira Gustavo Silveira , Muinhos Júlia Oliveira
Published: May 2023

This article surveys the antecedents of present- day Latin American legal pluralism, establishing what is old and what is new. It takes issue with why what currently transpires is identified as “pluralism” and asks questions regarding the way this pluralism operates, most particularly, how it is differently applied to indigenous and Afro-Latin American communities.
Aitoutta koukuttamassa: Taimenkantojen alkuperän merkityksestä virkistyskalastajien kalastuskokemuksille
Authors: Haapasalo Timo
Published: May 2023

Artikkelissa käsitellään taimenkantojen alkuperän merkitystä virkistyskalastajille ja heidän kalastuskokemuksilleen. Vapaa-ajan kalastus lukeutuu Suomen suosituimpiin harrastuksiin, samalla kun useat lohikalalajit ovat elinvoimaisuudeltaan pahoin vaarantuneita. Lajien uhanalaisuus johtuu elinympäristöjen häviämisestä ja ylikalastuksesta. Kalastuskohteissa luontaisen lisääntymisen puuttumista onkin kompensoitu kaloja istuttamalla. Istuttaminen on usein ollut ensisijainen ratkaisu kalastollisiin ongelmiin, ja sen on uskottu vastaavan suoraan kalastajien tarpeisiin. Usein vähäinen kalastuksen säätely ei ole kuitenkaan tukenut riittävästi luontaisten kantojen vahvistumista eikä huomioinut riittävästi eläin-eettisiä kysymyksiä. Artikkelin aineistona käytetään Ruunaan koskien kalastajille kohdennetun kyselyn vastauksia. Tulosten perusteella pyydettävien taimenten luontaisuudella on esimerkiksi virkistyskalastajien kalastuskokemuksia syventävä vaikutus, koska kalastajat kokevat eroja eri alkuperää olevien taimenten käytöksessä ja pyynnin palkitsevuudessa. Tulokset osoittavat lisäksi, että istutuksilla ei voida täysin kompensoida taimenkantojen luontaisuuden eri merkityksiä.
Developing response-ability in human-wasp encounters
Authors: Santaoja Minna , Torniainen Jyrki , Komonen Atte
Published: May 2023

Learning to live with unloved others is crucial in the ecological crisis. Unloved wasps are feared and disliked for their sting. Understanding of their ecological importance is increasing, however. Human-wasp encounters are changing with environmental changes, and strategies for multispecies cohabitation are needed. This multispecies study highlights features of wasp biology affecting human-wasp encounters and analyzes how conflicted human-wasp relations could be mitigated. The geographical focus is Finland, in the Northern boreal region. Biological analysis specified spatiotemporal aspects affecting human-wasp encounters: human and wasp habitats and preferences overlap ubiquitously. From a media analysis, we identified contextual strategies for living with wasps: exterminating, repelling, relocating, and giving space. Wasps do not receive only bad press – human-wasp relations are diverse and contextual. Knowledge of wasp ecology may allow for cultivating response-ability in multispecies encounters. Media provides information and narratives that allow reinterpreting wasp “aggression” as a vulnerable multispecies condition. Human-wasp encounters are corporeal and often preferably avoided. Therefore, methods that allow developing intimacy without proximity may be used for reflecting on human-wasp relations. One such method is crocheting decoy wasp nests. Human-wasp encounters could be mitigated by species-specific strategies that assess the risk involved. However, developing such strategies is difficult because wasps are often confused with other black-and-yellow insects.
Challenging the capability approach in the context of environmental, ecological and multispecies justice
Authors: Serafimova Silviya
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the challenges in applying Nussbaum’s capability approach to animals, as refracted through the lens of environmental justice (justice among humans on environmental issues and risks) and ecological justice (justice to non-human nature) in Schlosberg’s sense. Comparing and contrasting intra- and intergenerational justice for animals within the environmental and ecological justice frameworks, I demonstrate why capabilities-based multispecies justice can provide some benefits in overcoming ecological vulnerability. In this context, I point out the methodological pitfalls that environmental and ecological justice face in their attempts at eradicating unequal vulnerabilities embedded into some either-or dilemmas by exploring how the vulnerabilities in question negatively affect animals’ positive and negative rights.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK LISTRIK DINAMIS DI KELAS X SEMESTER II SMA NEGERI 2 BINJAI T.P 2015/2016
Authors: Sinaga Libri , Turnip Betty M
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada materi pokok listrik dinamis di kelas X semester II SMA Negeri 2 Binjai T.P. 2015/2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Binjai yang terdiri dari 7 kelas. Sampel penelitian diambil 2 kelas yang ditentukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling, kelas X-5 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X-4 sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata – rata pretes kelas eksperimen 19,69 dan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 18,81. Setelah pembelajaran selesai, diberikan postes dan diperoleh nilai rata –rata kelas eksperimen 71,57 dan kelas kontrol 55,33. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa pada materi pokok listrik dinamis di kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Binjai T.P.2015/2016.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Putri Heline , Harahap Mara Bangun
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Scietific Inquiry terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa pada materi pokok Suhu dan Kalor. Metode penelitian adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain control group pretest-postest design. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling yang terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil analisa data  pretes diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen 20,93 dengan standard deviasi 5,297 dan rata-rata kelas kontrol 20,80 dengan standard deviasi 5,270. Pada uji normalitas dan homogenitas kedua kelas berdistribusi normal dan homogen artinya kedua kelas memiliki kemampuan awal yang sama. Selanjutnya dilakukan postes pada kedua kelas. Untuk kelas eksperimen diperoleh rata-rata 82,13 dengan standard deviasi 5,480 dan untuk kelas kontrol diperoleh  rata-rata 70,73 dengan standard deviasi 5,240. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan keterampilan proses sains siswa dengan model pembelajaran Scientific Inquiry lebih tinggi dari pada keterampilan proses sains siswa dengan pemeblajaran konvensional. Hasil uji t postes diperoleh thitung > ttabel = 8,261>1,671.  sehingga Ha diterima yang menunjukkan pengaruh model pembelajaran Scientific Inquiry terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa pada materi Suhu dan Kalor di kelas XI semester I SMA Swasta Santa Maria Medan.
RANCANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA MATERI POKOK FLUIDA DINAMIS KELAS XI
Authors: Haloho Khairul Hasyim , Tanjung Ratna , Sudarma Teguh Febri
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang media pembelajaran fisika berbasis website pada materi pokok fluida dinamis kelas XI. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian pengembangan. Sample pengujian media adalah kelas XI MIA 4 dan kelas XII IPA 2 SMA Negeri 13 Medan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data hasil angket validasi dan analisis respon siswa. Hasil validasi dari ahli media terhadap media pembelajaran  memperoleh rata – rata 94,81% dinilai sangat baik, hasil validasi dari ahli materi terhadap materi  pembelajaran memperoleh 94,00% Hasil respon siswa terhadap pada uji coba kelas kecil dinilai sangat baik dengan rata – rata 91,22% dan respon siswa pada uji coba lapangan memperoleh rata - rata 93.00%. Dengan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis website pada materi pokok fluida dinamis kelas XI memenuhi kriteria kelayakan media pembelajaran.
Uji Kelayakan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Powtoon Pada Materi Momentum dan Impuls
Authors: SITOHANG RIKARDO - , Megalina Yeni
Published: May 2023

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran fisika multimedia interaktif pada materi pokok momentum dan impuls yang layak untuk diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika di sekolah dan mengetahui respon mahamahasiswa setelah menggunakan mutimedia interaaktif  yang dikembangkan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahamahasiswa kelas Fisika Dik D 2017, Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas berjumlah 15 orang mmahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) menggunakan 4D Models. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari angket validasi ahli media, dan angket respon peserta didik terhadap multimedia interaktif fisika berbasis powtoon. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh validasi ahli media pembelajaran 71,6% dengan presentese tersebut termasuk dalam kategori baik. Sedangkan pada uji coba luas persentase respon mahasiswa dengan sampel 15 orang sebesar 86,06% dengan kriteria sangat baik, sehingga berdasarkan hasil validasi dan respon peserta didik dapat disimpulkan multimedia interaktif fisika berbasis powtoon pada materi pokok  momentum dan impuls layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran
El lenguaje de los jóvenes: el rap, la cultura urbana y la protesta en Tanzania
Authors: Saavedra Casco José Arturo
Published: May 2023

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A Study of Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors:   Final Year Medicine Postgraduate, Department of General Medicine, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyer Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India, Patil Mahesh G
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Echocardiographic abnormalities are very common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and a wide spectrum of abnormalities are noted. In order to prevent mortality, periodic echocardiographic examination for early diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities and initiation of treatment is very important. Cardiac structural changes and altered function detected by echocardiography are common in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) before commencing haemodialysis and it is also noticed as one of the important key outcome predictors. The heart and kidney are inevitably linked with haemodynamic and regulatory functions. Aims and Objectives: The aim was to study the prevalence of left ventricular abnormalities by echocardiography in patients with chronic kidney disease and to find out the correlation of left ventricular abnormalities and 2D echo indices with the severity of chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted in theDepartment of Medicine, Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu. 100 patients were included in the study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was a cross-sectional study conducted from February 2020 to April 2021. Results And Conclusion: The most common aetiology found with CKD was diabetes mellitus followed by hypertension which, in turn, was followed by obstructive uropathy and NSAID use. Among the study participants, only 20% had systolic dysfunction and only 28% had diastolic dysfunction. 72% of the study participants showed LVH and 28% had normal findings. A negative correlation was observed between systolic grading and CKD categories. No correlation was observed in our study between diastolic grading and CKD categories.
Knowledge and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination among Women of Reproductive Age Group
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, CARE, Tamil Nadu, India, Kandasamy Vijayalakshmi
Published: May 2023

Background: The acceptability of COVID vaccine by reproductive age group women remains unknown. Hence the study was conducted to define the knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and its acceptance in a sample of women who were planning to get pregnant. Method: This is a prospective study conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, India on 157 women of reproductive age group during August-September 2022. Data were collected using a face-to-face questionnaire administered to women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD. Data were analysed using SPSS. Results: Of the 157 respondents, nearly half were in the age group of 20-32 years, and almost 72% of them were educated with the minimum qualification being higher secondary education. In the given study, 70.7% were urban and semi-urban residents and 29.3% were rural women. About 66% of them were employed and the rest were unemployed. Gravidity status showed no significant differences regarding awareness. Overall awareness was about 74.5% and acceptance was 70.7%. Conclusion: Though women are aware of the vaccines, there is hesitancy prevailing. Literacy plays an important role in vaccine awareness and acceptance. Women of reproductive age should be made aware that the COVID vaccine is safe for use. The side effects, if any, will also be mostly minor. Although vaccine trials have not been conducted on pregnant women, the beneficial effects of vaccination far outweigh the negligible risk, if any, to the foetus and the women were made aware of this information.
A Holistic Approach in Treating Heart Failure with Prosystole
Authors:   Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India, Lakshmi K
Published: May 2023

Due to the rising interest in personal health, ageing population and promising solutions for individualised treatment, the market for nutritional supplements is anticipated to rise by more than 6% per year through 2018. Fish oil, vitamin D, multivitamins and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are the most popular dietary supplements. Probiotics are also the supplement with the fastest rate of growth in this ranking. One of the largest global burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is seen in India. According to projections, there would be 4.77 million CVD deaths in India annually by 2025, up from 2.26 million in 1990. Although the causes of increased CVD risk factor incidence rates are complicated, they probably involve urbanisation-related lifestyle changes as well as epidemiological and dietary changes brought on by economic development. This review brings in the significance of nutritional supplements as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.