bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Feed Force and Duration on Discomfort Level Using a Hand Drill Machine
Authors: Singh Jagvir , Khan Abid Ali
Published: October 2010

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of feed force (push force) and duration of work in a drilling task on the perceived discomfort score and the change in MVC grip strength. Nine male college students voluntarily participated in this study. Three feed forces (40N, 60N and 80N) and three time durations (1 min, 2 min and 3 min) were chosen. Vibrations at the machine were recorded along X, Y and Z direction and were considered as covariate in our analysis. The analysis which was done using SPSS revealed that there is a significant effect of feed force on discomfort level of subjects (p<0.001) and variation of time duration of drilling was also significantly affecting discomfort score (p<0.001) Interaction effect of feed force and time was not found significant in this study. Also the feed force and duration of drilling was not found significant on change in MVC grip strength.
Clearing the Air on Climate
Authors: Chambers John , Miller Andrew , Morgan Richard , Officer Bob , Rayner Mark , Quirk Tom
Published: October 2010

In March 2010 the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology published a paper entitled ‘State of the Climate’, an analysis of Australia's climate and the factors that influence it. The document was given a wide circulation and received extensive media coverage. An examination of the scientific evidence raises questions about the certainty of the conclusions reached.
Optioneering in Collaborative Design Practice
Authors: Holzer Dominik
Published: October 2010

The discourse about computational support of collaborative architectural design has in recent years mainly focused on the topic of Building Information Modeling (BIM). In this paper, the method of ‘optioneering’ is presented that, in contrast to current BIM capabilities, assists designers and consultants to resolve design problems through integrated analyses across disciplines in the early stages of design. Although the method of ‘optioneering’ has only recently been adapted in building practice, it has been preceded by manifold efforts by researchers in the field of design and computation over the past two decades. At the end of this paper the computational framework ‘DesignLink’ will be discussed. ‘DesignLink’ supports ‘optioneering’ in the design stages before BIM becomes effective and it is currently being developed and used to support performance optimisation of building projects in practice.
W.J. Mitchell — In Celebration of an Approach
Authors: Koutamanis Alexander
Published: October 2010

Among the founding fathers of architectural computing, the late W.J. Mitchell was arguably the one who managed to capture the imagination of the younger generations through overviews and insights that described the backgrounds and scope of the area in a way that was suitable for novices as well as people outside the area. Calling such overviews successful popularization is only part of the truth. More importantly, they formulate a coherent and comprehensive approach that allowed Mitchell to move between eras and contexts without loosing focus or sacrificing fundamental priorities. It is an approach that remains valid and usable, a source of inspiration and understanding for future generations in the area.
Enhancing the Cohesion and Performance of an Elite Curling Team through a Self-Regulation Intervention
Authors: Collins Jamie , Durand-Bush Natalie
Published: October 2010

In a team-sport setting, the ability to self-regulate is associated with enhanced teamwork and performance yet research on self-regulation in this context is sparse. The purpose of this study was to document if and how an elite curling team comprised of four female athletes and one male coach could enhance their cohesion and performance by engaging in a 16-week self-regulation intervention led by a trained consultant and researcher. Multiple individual and group interviews, participant observation, and a questionnaire were used to collect the data. A narrative analysis was performed and the results chronologically depict how the team members' self-regulation, cohesion, and performance evolved throughout the intervention. Although the team faced several obstacles during the competitive season, both the coach and the athletes reported increased cohesion and performance as a result of the self-regulation intervention.
Human SAP18 mediates assembly of a splicing regulatory multiprotein complex via its ubiquitin-like fold
Authors: Singh Kusum K. , Erkelenz Steffen , Rattay Stephanie , Dehof Anna Katharina , Hildebrandt Andreas , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Schaal Heiner , Schwerk Christian
Published: October 2010

RNPS1, Acinus, and SAP18 form the apoptosis- and splicing-associated protein (ASAP) complex, which is also part of the exon junction complex. Whereas RNPS1 was originally identified as a general activator of mRNA processing, all three proteins have been found within functional spliceosomes. Both RNPS1 and Acinus contain typical motifs of splicing regulatory proteins including arginine/serine-rich domains. Due to the absence of such structural features, however, a function of SAP18 in splicing regulation is completely unknown. Here we have investigated splicing regulatory activities of the ASAP components. Whereas a full-length Acinus isoform displayed only limited splicing regulatory activity, both RNPS1 and, surprisingly, SAP18 strongly modulated splicing regulation. Detailed mutational analysis and three-dimensional modeling data revealed that the ubiquitin-like fold of SAP18 was required for efficient splicing regulatory activity. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that SAP18 assembles a nuclear speckle-localized splicing regulatory multiprotein complex including RNPS1 and Acinus via its ubiquitin-like fold. Our results therefore suggest a novel function of SAP18 in splicing regulation.
Felnőttkori lágyéksérvek kezelésének alapelvei – az Európai Sérvsebészeti Társaság ajánlása
Authors: Wéber György
Published: October 2010

Absztrakt

Az Európai Sérvsebészeti Társaság (European Hernia Society – EHS) ajánlása a lágyéksérvek kezelésének teljes spektrumát magában foglalja, a diagnózistól a műtét utáni rehabilitációig. A vezérfonalat az EHS 14 tagországának vezető sérvsebészeiből álló munkacsoport állította össze. Az evidence-based megállapítások talaján álló ajánlást – megjelenése előtt – egy szaktekintélyekből álló steering committee mellett a tagországok sérvsebészeti társaságai is véleményezték. A „Guidelines”-t a 2008-as Európai Sérvsebészeti Kongresszuson, Sevillában külön szekcióban elemezték, illetve megjelent a Hernia 2009/4. számában. A munkacsoport tervei szerint az ajánlást 2012-ben ismét átdolgozzák, illetve tartalmát – a megjelenő közlemények és tapasztalatok alapján – folyamatosan aktualizálják. A vezérfonal könnyen adaptálható a helyi protokollokhoz, és jól szolgálja a továbbképzési, illetve minőségbiztosítási szempontokat, ezért fontosnak tartjuk szélesebb körben történő ismertetését.
Háló használata a hiatus herniák sebészi kezelésében
Authors: Horváth Örs Péter
Published: October 2010

Absztrakt

A nagy hiatus herniák primer varrattal történő zárása elfogadhatatlanul magas kiújulási aránnyal jár. A hiatus zárásának hálóval történő megerősítése jelentősen csökkentette a recidívák számát. Az irodalomban jelenleg nincs egyöntetűen elfogadott álláspont a háló alakja, mérete és anyaga vonatkozásában, továbbá abban, hogy a hálót hogyan kell a rekeszszárakhoz rögzíteni. A hálóbeültetés legnagyobb veszélye az, hogy az idegen anyag a nyelőcsőbe vagy a gyomorba penetrálhat. További veszélyt jelent a háló rögzítése során okozható szívsérülés, mely halálos szövődmény is lehet. A jövőt a biológiai anyagok kifejlesztése és a gyakorlatba való bevezetése jelentheti.
Hasfali sérvek laparoscopos műtéti technikája
Authors: Bezsilla János
Published: October 2010

Absztrakt

A hasfali sérvek kezelése minden általános sebész napi feladata. Számos megoldás ismeretes. A hagyományos, varratokkal történő műtét magas hosszú távú kiújulási kockázattal bír. A hálóbeültetéssel végzett rekonstrukciók kisebb recidívaaránnyal járnak, de a hasfali szövetek kiterjedt preparálását igénylik, mely gyakoribb sebfertőződéssel és egyéb komplikációval párosul. A minimálisan invazív hasfalisérv-sebészet a 90-es évek elején fejlődött ki. A módszer azonos fizikai és sebészi elveken alapul, mint a nyitott retromuscularis hálóbeültetés technikája. A laparoscopos „intraperitoneal onlay mesh” (IPOM) műtét módszere és az alkalmazott implantátumok az évek során jelentős fejlődésen mentek keresztül, és számos közlemény igazolta sikeres alkalmazásukat akár nagy sérvek, kövér vagy idős betegek esetében is. A minimálisan invazív módszer haszna a kisebb sebészi traumában, a következményesen csökkent műtéti fertőzési kockázatban és a ritkább sérvkiújulásban rejlik. A laparoscopos hasfali rekonstrukció egyre elfogadottabb, hiszen rövidebb kórházi ápolással, jobb eredményekkel és kevesebb szövődménnyel végezhető, mint a nyitott műtét.
WeedML: A Tool for Collaborative Weed Demographic Modeling
Authors: Holst Niels
Published: October 2010

WeedML is a proposed standard to formulate models of weed demography (or perhaps even complex models in general) that are both transparent and straightforward to reuse as building blocks for new models. The paper describes the design and thoughts behind WeedML which relies on XML and object-oriented systems development. Proof-of-concept software is provided as open-source C++ code and executables that can be downloaded freely.
Comparison of the Interactions of Aminopyralid vs. Clopyralid with Soil
Authors: Bukun Bekir , Shaner Dale L. , Nissen Scott J. , Westra Philip , Brunk Galen
Published: October 2010

Laboratory studies were conducted to compare the soil adsorption of aminopyralid and clopyralid with the use of batch-slurry and centrifugation assays. The calculated soil binding constants for both herbicides varied between the two techniques, but the centrifugation assay had a lower coefficient of variation compared to the batch-slurry assay. These results indicate that a centrifugation assay is a more accurate procedure for measuring the interaction of aminopyralid and clopyralid with soils. Aminopyralid adsorbed more tightly than clopyralid to six of the eight soils tested. AdsorptionKdvalues ranged from 0.083 to 0.364 for clopyralid and 0.106 to 0.697 for aminopyralid. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that binding of both herbicides was highly correlated to soil organic matter and texture but not to soil pH. On average, soil thin-layer chromatography indicated that aminopyralid was less mobile (Rf= 0.82) than clopyralid (Rf= 0.91), although both were mobile. These results suggest that aminopyralid will have a lower leaching potential than clopyralid. Lower potential aminopyralid soil leaching, coupled with low use rates, suggests it may be the herbicide of choice in areas where potential for leaching could be a concern.
Distribution and Dynamics of the Invasive Native Hay-Scented Fern
Authors: Fei Songlin , Gould Peter , Kaeser Melanie , Steiner Kim
Published: October 2010

The spread and dominance of the invasive native hay-scented fern in the understory is one of the most significant changes that has affected the forest ecosystems in the northeastern United States in the last century. We studied changes in the distribution and dynamics of hay-scented fern at a large scale over a 10-yr period in Pennsylvania. The study included 56 stands covering 1,009 ha in two ecoregions. Hay-scented fern was more widely distributed and occurred at higher densities in the Allegheny Plateau ecoregion vs. the Ridge and Valley. Hay-scented fern abundance was positively associated with overstory red maple abundance in both ecoregions. After overstory removal, the density and distribution of hay-scented fern tended to increase and remain at elevated levels in stands that were not treated with herbicide. Herbicide treatments resulted in temporary reductions in fern densities and created a “window of opportunity” for the establishment of tree regeneration.
The behaviour of reactive powder concrete at high strain rates
Authors: Tai Y.-S.
Published: October 2010

Concrete is sensitive to the rate of loading. Various dynamic loadings on concrete structures, such as caused by earthquakes, impacts or explosions, produce strain rates that vary by many orders of magnitude. Understanding the dynamic behaviour of concrete under various conditions is very important to its use in civilian and military engineering. Accordingly, in this investigation, the dynamic mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength steel fibre-reinforced concrete were experimentally investigated using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The specimens were made with various steel fibre volume fractions and the strain rate ranged from 101/s to 103/s. Experimental results indicate that the dynamic compressive strength of reactive powder concrete increases moderately with the strain rate. The various characteristics of energy absorption are compared.
Influence of phase change materials on temperature rise caused by hydration heat evolution of cement-based materials
Authors: Qian C. , Gao G. , Zhu C. , Guo Z.
Published: October 2010

To evaluate the influence and effect of pre-embedded phase-change materials (PCMs) on the interior temperature rise in mass concrete, a semi-adiabatic device was used to measure the temperature changes against time in cement paste, mortar and concrete that contained different contents of PCMs. The interior maximum adiabatic temperature rise of concrete with pre-embedded PCMs was calculated based on the relation between cement hydration heat, latent heat and specific heat of PCMs in different phases. The results showed that the reduction of adiabatic temperature increased and the temperature peak was delayed as the pre-embedded PCM content was increased. Consequently, the curve of the semi-adiabatic temperature became smooth. Moreover, the reduction of the interior temperature rise increased as the cement proportion in concrete increased.
Effective beam width for flat plate frames having edge beams
Authors: Whan Han S. , Park Y.-M. , Cho J.Oak
Published: October 2010

The effective beam width method has been widely used to predict lateral drifts and slab moments in flat plate frames subjected to lateral loads. However, the effective beam width method may not account for the contribution of the lateral stiffness provided by edge beams of the frames. This study examines the contribution of edge beams to the lateral stiffness of flat plate frames using the results of prior analytical and experimental research. It was observed that the lateral stiffness of flat plate frames with edge beams is larger than that of corresponding frames without edge beams. To account for the effect of the edge beam contribution on the effective beam width method, this study proposes a factor that modifies the effective beam width in the effective beam width method. To verify the accuracy of the effective beam width method with the proposed modification factor, this study estimated the lateral stiffness of the two-storey frames using the effective beam width method with the proposed modification factor, and compared that estimate with the lateral stiffness determined using experimental test results.
Experimental investigation of adhesive-based self-healing of cementitious materials
Authors: Joseph C. , Jefferson A.D. , Isaacs B. , Lark R. , Gardner D.
Published: October 2010

This paper presents the results of a series of self-healing experiments conducted on reinforced mortar beams containing adhesive-filled glass reservoirs. An overview of the findings of the preliminary investigation stage of experiments is given in addition to the results of a parametric study which investigates the effect of the level of reinforcement and loading rate on the amount of self-healing. Results show that both primary and secondary healing occurs during the first and second loading cycles respectively. Qualitative results also show clear evidence of the occurrence of crack-healing following the first loading cycle and new crack formation during the second loading cycle. The long-term motivation for this work is to provide data suitable for the development of a numerical material model for the autonomic healing process in cementitious materials.
Improving Weight Loss Outcomes of Community Interventions by Incorporating Behavioral Strategies
Authors: Wing Rena R. , Crane Melissa M. , Thomas J. Graham , Kumar Rajiv , Weinberg Brad
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We examined whether adding behavioral weight loss strategies could improve the outcomes of a community weight loss campaign.

Methods. Shape Up RI is a 12-week, online, team-based program for health improvement in Rhode Island. In study 1, we randomly assigned participants to the standard Shape Up RI program or to the program plus video lessons on weight loss. In study 2, we randomly assigned participants to the standard program or to the program plus video lessons; daily self-monitoring of weight, eating, and exercise; and computer-generated feedback.

Results. Adding video lessons alone (study 1) did not result in significantly improved weight loss (2.0 ±2.8 kg vs 1.4 ±2.9 kg; P = .15). However, when the video lessons were supplemented with self-monitoring and feedback (study 2), the average weight loss more than doubled (3.5 ±3.8 kg vs 1.4 ±2.7 kg; P < .01), and the proportion of individuals achieving a weight loss of 5% or more tripled (40.5% vs 13.2%; P < .01). Participants in study 2 submitted self-monitoring records on 78% of days, and adherence was significantly related to outcome.

Conclusions. Adding behavioral strategies to community campaigns may improve weight loss outcomes with minimal additional cost.
Early Childhood Poverty, Cumulative Risk Exposure, and Body Mass Index Trajectories Through Young Adulthood
Authors: Wells Nancy M. , Evans Gary W. , Beavis Anna , Ong Anthony D.
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We assessed whether cumulative risk exposure underlies the relation between early childhood poverty and body mass index (BMI) trajectories.

Methods. We interviewed youths and their mothers in rural upstate New York (168 boys and 158 girls) from 1995 to 2006 when the youths were aged 9, 13, and 17 years. At each interview, we calculated their BMI-for-age percentile.

Results. Early childhood poverty predicted BMI growth trajectories from ages 9 to 17 years (b = 3.64; SE = 1.39; P < .01). Early childhood poverty also predicted changes in cumulative risk (b = 0.31; SE = 0.08; P < .001). Cumulative risk, in turn, predicted BMI trajectories (b = 2.41; SE = 0.75; P < .01). Finally, after we controlled for cumulative risk, the effect of early childhood poverty on BMI trajectories was no longer significant, indicating that cumulative risk exposure mediated the relation between early childhood poverty and BMI trajectories (b = 2.01; SE = 0.94).

Conclusions. We show for the first time that early childhood poverty leads to accelerated weight gain over the course of childhood into early adulthood. Cumulative risk exposure during childhood accounts for much of this accelerated weight gain.
Culturally Sensitive Collaborative Treatment for Depressed Chinese Americans in Primary Care
Authors: Yeung Albert , Shyu Irene , Fisher Lauren , Wu Shirley , Yang Huaiyu , Fava Maurizio
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We examined the feasibility and effectiveness of using culturally sensitive collaborative treatment (CSCT) to improve recognition, engagement, and treatment of depressed Chinese Americans in primary care.

Methods. Chinese American patients in a primary care setting (n = 4228) were screened for depression. The primary study outcome was treatment engagement rate, and the secondary outcome was treatment response.

Results. Of the study participants, 296 (7%) screened positive for depression, 122 (41%) of whom presented for a psychiatric assessment; 104 (85%) were confirmed with major depressive disorder, and 100 (96%) of these patients were randomized into treatment involving either care management or usual care. Patients in the care management and usual care groups did not differ in terms of their outcomes. CSCT resulted in a nearly 7-fold increase in treatment rate among depressed patients in primary care.

Conclusions. CSCT is both feasible and effective in improving recognition and treatment engagement of depressed Chinese Americans. Care management may have limited effects on depressed patients treated by psychiatrists, given that these patients tend to have favorable responses in general.
Adding Sexual Orientation Questions to Statewide Public Health Surveillance: New Mexico's Experience
Authors: VanKim Nicole A. , Padilla James L. , Lee Joseph G. L. , Goldstein Adam O.
Published: October 2010

We examined refusal rates for sensitive demographic questions to determine whether questions on sexual orientation are too sensitive for routine use on public health surveys. We compared the percentage of active refusals in New Mexico for a sexual orientation question and 6 other sensitive demographic questions. In 2007 and 2008, refusal rates for sexual orientation questions were similar to rates for questions on race/ethnicity and weight and significantly lower than rates for questions on household income. Perceptions that sexual orientation is too controversial a topic to be included on state surveys may be unfounded.
Consumer Awareness of Fast-Food Calorie Information in New York City After Implementation of a Menu Labeling Regulation
Authors: Dumanovsky Tamara , Huang Christina Y. , Bassett Mary T. , Silver Lynn D.
Published: October 2010

Objectives. We assessed consumer awareness of menu calorie information at fast-food chains after the introduction of New York City's health code regulation requiring these chains to display food-item calories on menus and menu boards.

Methods. At 45 restaurants representing the 15 largest fast-food chains in the city, we conducted cross-sectional surveys 3 months before and 3 months after enforcement began. At both time points, customers were asked if they had seen calorie information and, if so, whether it had affected their purchase. Data were weighted to the number of city locations for each chain.

Results. We collected 1188 surveys pre-enforcement and 1229 surveys postenforcement. Before enforcement, 25% of customers reported seeing calorie information; postenforcement, this figure rose to 64% (P < .001; 38% and 72%, weighted). Among customers who saw calorie information postenforcement, 27% said they used the information, which represents a 2-fold increase in the percentage of customers making calorie-informed choices (10% vs 20%, weighted; P < .001).

Conclusions. Posting calorie information on menu boards increases the number of people who see and use this information. Since enforcement of New York's calorie labeling regulation began, approximately 1 million New York adults have seen calorie information each day.
Hyperfiltration Affects Accuracy of Creatinine eGFR Measurement
Authors: Huang Shih-Han S. , Sharma Ajay P. , Yasin Abeer , Lindsay Robert M. , Clark William F. , Filler Guido
Published: October 2010

Background and objectives

Surrogate markers such as creatinine, cystatin C (CysC), and beta trace protein (BTP) have been used to estimate GFR (eGFR). The accuracy of eGFR may be altered with hyperfiltration and differences in filtration fraction (FF). It is hypothesized that the accuracy of creatinine for eGFR may be affected by hyperfiltration and different effective renal plasma flow (ERPF).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A total of 127 pediatric patients with various renal diseases underwent simultaneous measurements of GFR using 51Cr-EDTA renal scan and ERPF (131I-hippurate clearance) to calculate the FF (FF = GFR/ERPF). The eGFRs were calculated using the commonly used Schwartz (creatinine), Filler (CysC), and Benlamri (BTP) formulas. Agreement of the eGFRs with the measured isotope GFRs was assessed by Bland–Altman plots. Correlation analysis was performed using nonparametric tests to compare FF with eGFR − GFR.

Results

The 127 children at a median age (with 25th percentile, 75th percentile) of 11.9 (8.5, 14.9) years had a mean 51Cr EDTA-GFR of 100.6 ± 32.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and a median 131I-hippurate clearance (ERPF) of 588 (398,739) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Mean FF was 17.7 ± 4.5% with no correlation between the FF and the error (eGFR − GFR) for CysC and BTP eGFR, whereas there was a significant negative correlation between the error for Schwartz eGFR and FF.

Conclusions

There is a significant negative correlation between the error for the Schwartz eGFR and the FF. CysC and BTP are not affected by differences in FF.
Photography travel journal of Belgrade by Ivan Groman a different view of the photographic work of Ivan Groman
Authors: Rados Aleksandar
Published: October 2010

Little is known about a Russian photographer, Ivan Groman. His photographic work, originating in 1876 in the Principality of Serbia, was used repeatedly for illustrations, but has never been thoroughly analyzed as a historic document. Although his photographs, kept in the Archives of the City of Belgrade, the Museum of the City of Belgrade, and the Military Museum in Belgrade, may not represent his entire photographic opus, a thorough analysis of his work may serve the purpose of seeking for the message, and therefore for the aim of his work and stay in Belgrade. A small number of his photographs of Belgrade, constituting small series (?stories?) of a relatively small area, clearly lead to the conclusion that I. V. Groman was not just a photographer ? documentarist with an unquestionable and subtle artistic sense, but also a perceptive and possibly experienced ?documentarist on a military mission?. It does not diminish the significance and value of his photographic work in Belgrade. Quite the opposite. His opus gains the documentary vigor of the travel journal photo-story, which in its expressiveness does not fall short of the travel journals of a more traditional kind.
Bogorodica bezdinska i versko-politicki program patrijarha Arse IV Jovanovica
Authors: Timotijevic Miroslav
Published: October 2010

nema
The place of the symbolic city in construction of national imagery: A case of Balkan folklore - two models of epic city
Authors: Detelic Mirjana
Published: October 2010

This article is based on folklore studies of oral epic tradition in the Serb-Croat (or, depending on territory, Croat-Serbian) language which was common to the majority of former Yugoslavia population (in fact, all but Slovenes and Macedonians). The corpus of 1200 oral epic songs were chosen among other folklore genres because of their strong ideological position which made them the only form of oral literature where town appears as a human habitation clearly defined in time and space. In all other forms of traditional culture, the urban space is imagined and represented either as a miraculous or elfin place (as in fairy-tales, ritual poetry, short literary forms, et al), or as a notion with a name but without a content (as in etiological and other legends). In contrast, the epic poetry builds the image of urban space.
Prayers pro remedio animae at 14th-century Kotor
Authors: Zivkovic Valentina
Published: October 2010

With the growing belief in the reality of purgatory in medieval times, the hope was also rising of the salvation of the souls dwelling in that abode. By the fourteenth century the concept of purgatory had already been developed, and prayers, services and charitable acts came to be regarded as the most efficient aid to the souls of the dead. The hopes that people coping with the imminence of death placed in the effectiveness of prayers and masses pro remedio animae, and the belief in the existence of purgatory will be discussed by using the example of Kotor in the first half of the fourteenth century, on the basis of wall-paintings and wills. In the first decades of the fourteenth century the souls of the dead were depicted in the scene of the General Resurrection included in the Crucifixion painted in the apse of the Collegiata of St Mary at Kotor. In the context of eucharistic and soteriological symbolism of the iconographic programme of the apse, the motif of the General Resurrection - the souls of the dead depicted as babies that, wrapped in swaddling clothes, emerge from their sarcophagi explicitly expresses the idea of supplication. But the people's concern with the effectiveness of prayers for the deliverance of souls from purgatory is fully confirmed by the surviving wills dating to the 1320s and 1330s. Every citizen of Kotor could order in his will that masses, commemoration services and prayers for the salvation of his soul and the souls of his ancestors should be offered. The number and solemnity of the masses and prayers depended on the amount of money a person was able to set aside for that purpose. The imminence of death, timens mori, made people think of repentance. Still, the conventional formulae of testamentary provisions for pias causas reveal a genuine fear that death may catch them unprepared, i.e. with no charitable acts, with no repentance and, especially, with no insurance that their souls will be delivered from purgatory through masses and prayers.
Bronze and Iron Age sites in Srem and the stratigraphy of Gomolava
Authors: Tasic Nikola
Published: October 2010

Systematic excavation at Gomolava conducted almost interruptedly between 1953 and 1985 provided an almost full insight into the human occupation of the southern Pannonian Plain from the Early Neolithic to the successive arrival of Celts and Romans. This fact makes it possible for many of the excavated short-lived or horizontally-stratified settlements to be defined in relation to Gomolava's stratigraphic sequence. As a result, the paper attempts to establish a relative chronology for Bronze and Iron Age sites in the area between the Sava and Danube rivers. By way of illustration, it offers four maps suggesting synchronous developments. Thus Map 1 shows chronological parallelism between the Early Bronze Age layers and late Vucedol and Vinkovci sites (such as Pecine near Vrdnik, or Belegis, Vojka and Batajnica) belonging to the final Eneolithic and Early Bronze, while Map 2 shows synchronisms between Gomolava IVb-c and the Vinkovci layers at the sites of Gradina on the Bosut, Gradac at Belegis, Petrovaradin Fortress, and Asfaltna Baza on the outskirts of Zemun. The end of the Bronze Age represented by Gomolava IVb1 to IVc is shown to be synchronous with the settlements, necropolises and hoard horizons of an Ha A1 and A2 date. Finally, Early Iron Age sites are easy to fit in with the Srem sites owing to systematic excavations at Gradina on the Bosut near Sid, Kalakaca near Beska and numerous hoards of bronze artefacts marking a clear boundary between the Bronze and Early Iron Ages. At Gomolava this transition is reflected in horizons Va to Vd: the earliest is represented by black channeled pottery of the Gava type, while the other three are connected with the evolution of the Bosut-Basarabi complex.
The Serbian Radical movement 1881-1903: A historical aspect
Authors: Protic Milan
Published: October 2010

Focusing on the initial stage (until 1903) of the Serbian Radical movement the paper attempts to delineate and explicate the main phases of its political maturation. In its initial stage Serbian Radicalism passed through several significant phases. The earliest phase (1869-80) may be named the period of rudimentary Radicalism. The movement was unorganized and oscillated between the ideas of socialism, anarchism and peasant democracy. The year 1881 saw the founding of the Radical Party as the first organized political party in Serbia with its own internal structure and programme. It opened the second phase, known as a period of militant Radicalism (1881-86) marked by its organized and uncompromising opposition to the existing system and the personal regime of king Milan Obrenovic, culminating in the Timok rebellion in 1883. The period of pragmatic Radicalism (1886-94) saw a recuperation and reorganization of the movement, its inclusion as a legitimate political force into the existing order, the passing in 1888 of a new constitution predominantly influenced by Radical political views and the Party?s first compromises with other factors on the domestic political scene. Finally, there was a period of overpowered Radicalism (1894-1903). Without abandoning their fundamental ideological tenets, the Radicals were forced to make some serious political compromises and moderate their political programme in order to remain in the race for power.
Crisis and armament economic relations between Great Britain and Serbia 1910-1912
Authors: Antic Cedomir
Published: October 2010

On the eve of the 1914-18 war, Great Powers had competed for influence in the Balkans. While preparing for the war with the Ottoman Empire the Balkan states were ready to take huge war credits and to place big orders for weapons and military equipment. Foreign Office did not show any interest in involving British capital and industry in this competition. British diplomacy even discouraged investments in Serbian military programme before 1914.
Le conflit franco-italien dans les Balkans 1915-1935.: Le rôle de la Yougoslavie
Authors: Pavlovic Vojislav
Published: October 2010

The conflict between France and Italy in the Balkans in fact was an attempt at reorganizing the Balkans and Central Europe following the disappearance of the Habsburg and Romanoff. The two Latin powers now had a unique opportunity to dictate a rearrangement of the Balkans, but their positions were diametrically opposed. Italy sought to establish domination in the Adriatic and the Balkans, whereas France sought to reorganize the region with the view to precluding Germany from recovering its former influence. At the same time, after Wilson?s political defeat in the Senate in 1919 Italian guarantees of the French-German border became vitally important to France. A compromise between Paris and Rome turned out to be unfeasible for several reasons. Expansionism of both the last liberal governments and Mussolini met with resolute opposition from Belgrade. Moreover, Paris was convinced that Italian domination not only would not bring stability to the Balkans, but on the contrary, that it would shatter the region?s Little Entente-based inner cohesion and facilitate Germany?s comeback. Thus most of diplomatic initiatives coming from Paris and Rome were mutually neutralized while German economic influence in the region irresistibly grew from the early 1930s. The agreement Mussolini-Laval reconciled the two Latin powers but it was now in the new circumstances created by the rise of Nazi Germany as a dominant force in Central Europe and the Balkans.
Western amateurs in the Balkans and the end of history
Authors: Veremis Thanos
Published: October 2010

The article deals with the image of the Balkans and its politics during the 1990s as perceived by Western politicians, public-opinion makers and even scholars. The author makes an attempt to recognize the origins of misinterpretations and stereotypy, and to recommend change of political approach.
Nation-building under the Austro-Hungarian sceptre Croat-Serb antagonism and cooperation
Authors: Trbovich Ana
Published: October 2010

In the nineteenth century many European nations, including Serbs and Croats became politically conscious of their "nationhood", which became a contributory factor in the crumbling of the two great empires in Central-East Europe - the Habsburg and the Ottoman - at the beginning of the following century. The Serbs had, since medieval times, an awareness of their long history and tradition, great medieval civilization and cultural unity regardless of the fact that they lived under several different adminis?trations. As in the case of Habsburg Serbs, language and literature became building blocks of Croat national consciousness in the nineteenth century. Unlike Serb nationalism centred on people, Croat nationalism was mainly territory-related. Since both Serbs and Croats inhabited the Austro-Hungarian provinces claimed by the Croats as their "historical Right" (absorption in 1097 of the small medieval Croat state by the Hungarians is interpreted, by many Croat historians, as a voluntary act of union), the different conceptions of nationalism resulted in competing claims. Croatian politics became one of opposing any recognition of Serbian institutions and cultural characteristics without Serbs previously accepting the concept that the only "political nation" in the Austro-Hungarian Province of Croatia was Croatian. Nonetheless, Croats compromised when in need of Serb assistance in opposing Hungarian domination. In turn, Serb politics was divided between those supporting cooperation with the Croats in order to achieve greater autonomy from the Hungarians in the Dual Monarchy, and those who supported some cooperation but insisted on forming an entity separate from the Croats in the future and joining with the Kingdom of Serbia, which regained its independence in 1878. The ensuing world and civil wars brought the Croato-Serb conflict to the fore, with the first and the second Yugoslavia failing to accommodate the two nations' opposing aspirations.
Romanian-Serbian relations and the Banat question during the First World War
Authors: Sandu Traian
Published: October 2010

Relations between Serbia and Romania throughout the war are viewed from the standpoint of the two countries' rivaling claims on the Banat and within the framework of power balance in the Allied camp with an emphasis on the position of the Romanian government and statesmen. Obviously, Romania's position was more favourable during the first two war years as the Allies sought to win her over for the Entente. Thus the Banat was included in compensations for her entering the war on the side of the Allies. Romania's defeat, however, produced a complete shift in the balance of power, with Romania now in an unenviable position, especially following the breach of the Salonica Front in September 1918. From the Romanian perspective, the Banat's destiny also depended on divergent political positions on the domestic scene. The fate of the Banat was eventually decided by the advancing Serbian army which took the whole territory, though under French command. The final decision became a responsibility of the Paris Peace Conference.
The introduction of a limping standard in the principality of Serbia
Authors: Gnjatovic Dragana
Published: October 2010

From the Ottoman conquest in 1459 to the monetary reform launched in 1868 Serbia was under the full monetary suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire and did not have the right to mint her own coinage. The first half of the nineteenth century, however, saw the first signs of monetary autonomy. When in 1815 the Porte granted Serbian authorities the right to collect taxes, currency exchange rate lists began to be issued in Serbia determining the kind and price of foreign currencies acceptable for tax payment. When, in accordance with the hatti-sherifs of 1830 and 1833, Serbia's vassal taxes to the Ottoman Empire were united into a single monetary tribute to be paid annually in gold currencies, a dual accounting monetary unit was introduced as protection from Ottoman debased silver currency. A true monetary autonomy, however, was only achieved with the monetary reform carried out between 1868 and 1880, when a limping gold standard in accordance with the standards of the Latin Monetary Union was introduced de iure. After more than four centuries of using only foreign currencies in circulation, the minting of silver coins was reestablished in Serbia and a Serbian gold coin was minted for the first time. While adopting the minting standards of the Latin Monetary Union Serbia had never become a member.
Russian foreign policy and the Balkans in the 1990s…
Authors: Nikiforov Konstantin
Published: October 2010

In the initial phase after the collapse of the USSR, Russian diplomacy lacked vision and initiative, generally following the West's lead, including its policy towards the Yugoslav crisis (1991-95). It was only from about 1994 and as a result of the decision to expand NATO into Eastern Europe, that it sought to become more synchronized with the prevailing mood in Russian society, increasingly disillusioned with Western policies. There was a change in the phrasing of official statements, but the Russian Foreign Ministry in fact continued to follow the West and supported the severe anti-Serbian sanctions regime. Russia played merely a supporting role in the Bosnian crisis, which led to the withdrawal of Russian peacekeepers. The only Russian initiative in the period was Putin's proposal to hold a Balkan conference to discuss the inviolability of borders and human rights, but it was left out in the open. Recently, however, Russia has become more active in connection with the Kosovo status talks, as a result of her aspiration to translate her newly-gained economic strength into political power, but also of the fact that there are in the post-Soviet territory some unrecognized self-proclaimed states, moreover, for the most part pro-Russian. What is vital for Russia is that she is now seeking to develop a conceptual framework for past events and to prevent any breach of international law in the future. Hence the emphasis on the necessity of laying down 'universal principles' applicable in any situation, not just in the case of Kosovo. Furthermore, a de facto independence for Kosovo, as envisaged by the Martti Ahtisaari plan, cannot resolve the problem of Serbo-Albanian conflict in a sustainable way, and remains a dangerous precedent both regionally and globally.
The Djerdap National Park : The polyfunctional tourist region
Authors: Stankovic Stevan
Published: October 2010

The Djerdap National park, which comprises the river, the lake, the gorge, and mountainous surrounding and has a potential in water and land traffic, influences several economic possibilities in rural and urban settlements. That influence would result in additional funds for spatial planning, which is one of the priorities when development of tourism in Serbia is in question. In our country, which is continental area of the Balkans, Djerdap lake, as a part of the Djerdap National park, is not only of local and regional value, but also of national, European, tourism, energetic, traffic, cultural, historic, and civilization value. It seems that tourism, as an industrial branch, which connects the area, people and activities in an improved way, has to be design and developed with special attention. In the Djerdap National Park there are excellent conditions for the development of many types of tourism, that are to be developed in concordance with other industrial branches and thus broadening the base for economy and valorization of natural and obtained wealth. Natural features of the Djerdap National Park stand as a renewing part for its polyvalence and multification and being combined in various ways the frequently compose unfavorable complexes. Those features are relief, hydrographic objects, climate, flora and fauna. The Djerdap National Park comprises cultural historical monuments from the Neolithic Period to modern times. Cultural heritage shows that the Danube riparian area was inhabited in the Neolithic Period and since than it has preserved the continuity of living. The development of the living in this area may be traced at archeological sites of back to Roman, Turkish and modern buildings.
The thermomineral waters of Novopazarska spa
Authors: Gajic Mirjana
Published: October 2010

In this paper, an analysis has been done of hydrological, geological and chemical characteristics of thermo-mineral waters in Novopazarska Banja (spa). We have established their present usage for health and recreational purposes. We have also established the possible usage of the sites that are suitable for those purposes and that have not been given this function before. Most of the larger health centers work needs. Their transformation into centres of regional proportions requires constructing of new infrastructure and application of modern marketing approach.
Modern tendencies in developing net of settlements of municipality Smederevo
Authors: Tosic Dragutin , Obradovic Danijela
Published: October 2010

Net of settlements of municipality Smederevo consists of Smederevo city and 26 rural settlements. It is a subsystem of the Belgrade metropolitan region. It has 120,000 inhabitants, and 70,000 of them live in town. From 1960 to 2000 it passes through phase of intensive demographic and functional transformation. Processes of demographic redistribution, deagrarization and urbanization are especially emphasized, caused by polarization influence of Smederevo city. From 1960 to 1980 population was developing by natural and migration components, but in villages occurred emigration of young population and caused increased average of older people and intensive decrease of population growth, which became negative. Demographic growth occurs only in periurban settlements, while stagnation and depopulation are typical for other settlements. Process of functional transformation of settlements is apparent also. Relative single functionality with dominant industry and slow diversification function are characteristic for Smederevo city, while villages are transforming from pure rural to rural-industrial and rural-obliging. It caused their progressive urbanization that is especially expressed in periurban settlements and along main traffic communications. In following period the aim is demographic and functional decentralization of net of settlements, by taking planning measures according to the model of center of villages group.
The town of Banjaluka as an example of system model of the environment
Authors: Crnogorac Cedomir
Published: October 2010

The recently conducted analysis of the conditions of the environment in the area of the town of Banjaluka has shown that there are many elements to hold the claim that the environment is endangered, so the whole of the picture is not a very bright one. Healthy and safe environment should be one of the most important goals to achieve in the future development of the town. It should pay attention to providing conditions to keep the production and dumping of dangerous polluters at acceptable level. Not only should up-to-date regulations concerning this area be introduced, it is also necessary to achieve the economic development which will cause almost no pollution to the environment.
Two fertility regionalizations
Authors: Djurdjev Branislav
Published: October 2010

Paper evaluates and compares two fertility regionalizations and contributes fertility geography discussion. Paper points out that fertility transition in geographic sense is a movement from unique global model toward numerous local models and at the end toward unique global model again.
Morphological evolution of through gorges in the stripe karst of the ridge Dzevrinska greda: North-eastern Serbia
Authors: Calic Jelena , Milosevic Marko
Published: October 2010

The paper presents the main characteristics of the limestone ridge Dzevrinska Greda in north-eastern Serbia, which is a typical example of stripe karst (sub-type of contact karst). Dimensions and elongated shape of the limestone outcrop, as well as its position in relation to the surface drainage network, have led to formation of a number of short through gorges. The conditions of their formation and certain morphological features pointing to phases of their development are discussed in the paper. One of the indicators was the analysis of cave passages positions, which in most cases points to cave development in phreatic conditions. This means that the incision of through gorges is more recent than speleogenesis.