bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on The Cost And Profit Efficiency of Islamic and Conventional Bank Islamic Windows in Oman: A Proposed Framework
Authors: Asmi Ali Musallam Sulaiman Al , Fahmy-Abdullah Mohd , Sieng Lai Wei
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aims to analyze the efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks and their respective Islamic windows in Oman in terms of costs and profits.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research employs a framework that examines cost and profit efficiency within the banking sector, contrasting the performance of full-fledged Islamic banks and Islamic windows of conventional banks. This framework also investigates the impact of bank-specific variables on efficiency levels.
 
Method: Using empirical data from the Omani banking sector, the study quantifies efficiency by analyzing bank-specific variables such as capitalization, profitability, operational costs, and loan activity. The comparison includes both Islamic banks and the Islamic windows of conventional banks as of the end of the third quarter of 2022.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that, overall, banks in Oman are more efficient at generating profits than controlling costs. Conventional banks, on average, demonstrate higher efficiency in both cost and profit metrics compared to Islamic banks. There exists a positive correlation between both types of efficiencies and factors like bank capitalization and profitability, while a negative correlation is evident with operational costs. Furthermore, increased loan activity is associated with higher profit efficiency but adversely affects cost efficiency.
 
Research Implications: These results underscore significant efficiency disparities between Islamic and conventional banking sectors. They highlight the need for Islamic banks to enhance their cost management strategies without compromising profit generation, leveraging the benefits derived from their association with parent conventional banks.
 
Originality/Value: The study contributes to the literature by providing a comparative analysis of cost and profit efficiencies in Islamic and conventional banks, with a particular focus on the unique market dynamics of Oman. This research is valuable for stakeholders in the Islamic banking industry, offering insights into leveraging existing infrastructures and enhancing operational efficiencies.
Cultural Constraints in the Eradication of Corruption in Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Erdianto , Susanti Heni
Published: May 2024

Corruption is the enemy of mankind around the world. The eradication of corruption in Indonesia today is increasing if you look at the quantity. However, the massive efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia seem to have not been successful because corruption continues to occur. The problem can be formulated in this article, namely: Is culture an obstacle to efforts to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. Using a normative juridical research approach, it was found that one of the obstacles to the eradication of corruption is a cultural obstacle where corruption actors who are political figures and community leaders are often regarded as good people who must be defended. The main problem is that the culture that was originally considered noble by the community is misused in practice as a means of facilitating corruption.
PENERAPAN METODE BLENDED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA HINDU DAN BUDI PEKERTI PADA SISWA KELAS V DI SD NEGERI 3 SANUR
Authors: Kusuma Dhana I Gusti Made , Sariani Ni Putu Eka
Published: May 2024

Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk memberi informasi yang akurat dan jelas untuk mengetahui penerapan metode blended learning khususnya dalam pendidikan agama Hindu dan budi pekerti pada pembelajaran di SD Negeri 3 Sanur serta untuk mendapatkan kejelasan tentang penerapan metode blended learning yang dilaksanakan di masa Covid-19. Penelitian ini secara khusus bertujuan menjelaskan metode blended learning dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu dan budi pekerti pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Sanur, untuk menjelaskan proses metode blended learning dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu dan budi pekerti pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Sanur, untuk menjelaskan implikasi metode blended learning dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu dan budi pekerti terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Sanur. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskritif. Dalam mengumpulkan data peneliti menggunakan teknik observasi non partisipan, teknik wawancara tak terstruktur, dan teknik studi dokumen untuk mendapatkan data yang sesuai di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penerapan metode blended learning dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu dan budi pekerti pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Sanur dapat ditinjau dari aspek seperti bentuk karakteristik, ruang belajar, komponen metode blended learning, kemudian proses metode blended learning terdiri dari Perencanaan metode blended learning, proses pelaksanaan metode blended learning, kendala-kendala dan solusi metode blended learning serta Implikasi metode blended learning dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu dan budi pekerti pada siswa kelas V di SD Negeri 3 Sanur dapat dilihat dari tiga aspek yaitu aspek kognitif siswa, aspek afektif siswa, dan aspek psikomotor siswa.
RASIONALITAS PROGRAM TARIA (TABUNGAN HARI RAYA) DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MASYARAKAT BANJAR ANYAR KAJA KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: I Wayan Saniarta
Published: May 2024

Abstrak
           Fenomena yang muncul dalam masyarakat Hindu adalah pelaksanaan upacara keagamaan Hindu di satu sisi cenderung mahal dan memakan waktu. Setiap kali sebuah ritual dilakukan, diperlukan konsumsi ritual baik dalam jumlah maupun kualitas. Aktivitas dan ritualitas agama, menurut Max Weber (1930) dan Bourdieu (1977), berdampak pada kegiatan ekonomi dan lainnya. Akibat adanya fenomena tersebut banyak lembaga keuangan seperti Bank, LPD, dan Koperasi berlomba membuat program tabungan hari raya khususnya di Bali. Sistem praktik tabungan hari raya sudah berjalan cukup lama di Banjar Anyar Kaja, Desa Kerobokan. Dengan menabung, masyarakat bisa memanfaatkannya untuk keperluan menjelang hari raya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membekali pendidikan karakter pada masyarakat Hindu mengenai penerapan program Tabungan Hari Raya di Banjar Anyar Kaja, Kabupaten Badung. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pemilihan partisipan dalam penelitian ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive. Teknik  analisis  data  yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, sementara itu teknik analisis data disajikan kedalam bentuk deskriptif analitik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penerapan program Tabungan Hari Raya pada masyarakat Banjar Anyar Kaja meliputi tindakan rasionalitas instrumental. Nilai pendidikan karakter yang terkandung dalam program TARIA meliputi nilai religius, pengendalian diri, semangat, kebijaksanaan, tidak serakah, disiplin dan mandiri. Implikasi dari keikutsertaan masyarakat dalam Program Tabungan Hari Raya adalah memberikan kemudahan masyarakat dalam menyiapkan keuangan untuk menyambut hari raya keagamaan. Bagi masyarakat agar berupaya untuk meningkatkan antusiasme dalam mengikuti program TARIA (Tabungan Hari Raya) dan berupaya untuk mengajak keluarga atau kerabat yang belum mengikuti program tersebut.
Kata Kunci : Pendidikan Karakter, Rasionalitas, Tabungan
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL BAGI MAHASISWA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI HINDU MENUJU SIKAP MODERASI BERAGAMA
Authors: Wulandari Ida Ayu Gde
Published: May 2024

Perguruan tinggi memegang peranan penting dalam membentuk karakter generasi muda dalam membina dan membimbing ke arah yang lebih baik, terlebih perguruan tinggi keagamaan yang menjadi role model bagi perguruan tinggi lainnya. Pendidikan multikultural bagi mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi Hindu diharapkan dapat bermuara pada sikap moderasi beragama. Pendidikan multikultural yang bisa dikembangkan dalam perguruan tinggi, khususnya perguruan tinggi Hindu sehingga ajaran sarve sukhinah bhavantu dapat dipahami secara komprehensif oleh umat Hindu. Pengembangan Pendidikan multikultural pada perguruan tinggi bagi mahasiswa dapat dilakukan melalui Pendidikan, penelitian, dan pengabdian Masyarakat. Selain itu, Pendidikan multikultural juga dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan penunjang. Pendidikan multikultural pada perguruan tinggi harus dapat menciptakan iklim multikultural yang dapat diajarkan melalui strategi yang dapat mengakomodasi keberagamaan sehingga nantinya perguruan tinggi dapat menjadi laboratorium multikultural yang akan bermuara pada sikap moderasi beragama. Hal ini juga akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap sikap dari mahasiswa Hindu yang memiliki pemahaman Pendidikan multikultural sehingga nantinya dapat memberikan solusi atas masalah-masalah multikultural yang ada di lingkungan sekitar.
Parameters Influencing the Effectiveness of Reaction Control Jets on the Basic Finner
Authors: Munday Phillip M. , Massey Kevin C.
Published: May 2024

Reaction control jets provide a practical option to increase the acceleration rates of high-performance aerodynamic vehicles. Unfortunately, a designer or system engineer incorporating reaction control jets into a design cannot simply add the jet as a point force because it does not account for the change in force due to the modifications of the flowfield caused by the jet. The changes made to the flowfield can impact the forces and moments, enhancing, mitigating, or even reversing the desired force or moment, depending on a complex set of factors. This study examines the influence of different jet configurations, modifications to freestream parameters, and the presence of control surfaces on the body. It is shown that the proximity of the jet to the control surfaces has the most significant impact on the resulting force amplification. The emphasis is placed on differentiating between how the jet interacts with the body and fins. Ultimately, this shows that the interaction with the fuselage is consistent and self-similar, whereas the fins are primarily influenced by the jet blocking the flow and generating a shock that imparts high pressure on the control surface, increasing the force in the direction of the jet.
Preflight and Postflight Thermal/Structural Analysis of BOLT II: The Holden Mission
Authors: Wheaton Bradley M. , Dufrene Aaron T.
Published: May 2024

BOLT-2: The Holden Mission, a follow-on to the BOLT experiment, was designed to measure the characteristics of turbulent flow in the hypersonic flight regime. This paper summarizes preflight transient thermal and structural analyses for the predicted flight trajectories that led to the selection of suitable materials for the flight experiment. Following the successful flight in March 2022, the preflight analysis methods, along with temperature measurements from the flight, were used to conduct a postflight thermal analysis based on the as-flown trajectory that attempted to match the flight data. Conservatism in the preflight design analysis was compared to the flight measurements. Databases of computed laminar and turbulent heating were generated as part of this effort that can aid in future analysis of the experimental data. The effects of modeling transitional heating during ascent were quantified when compared to a fully turbulent heating assumption. A set of estimated three-dimensional surface temperature distributions have been computed and were found to be a good match to the available flight data. Postflight structural modeling was used to estimate the differential thermal expansion at the nosetip/frustum joint interface.
Shear Coaxial Methane–Oxygen Injector Mixing and Combustion Examined by Laser Absorption Tomography
Authors: Keller Alex R. , Spearrin R. Mitchell , Bendana Fabio A.
Published: May 2024

Mixing length scales for methane–oxygen shear-coaxial single-element rocket injectors were experimentally assessed using laser absorption tomography. The laser spectroscopy technique enables quantitative and spatially resolved measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and temperature within the near-field region, probing rovibrational absorption lines of CO near [Formula: see text]. Multiple injector designs were examined with differing oxidizer post recess depths to compare mixing characteristics. All tests were performed at an oxidizer-to-fuel ratio of 3 with a total propellant flow rate of 0.350 g/s. Planar measurements were taken at 16 axial positions, which collectively captured the first 57 mm of each flame. A tomographic inversion method was applied to obtain radially resolved distributions of temperature and CO mole fraction for each axial position, from which two-dimensional images of the thermochemical structure were generated. Characteristic mixing parameters are defined and extracted from features within the species and temperature profiles to visualize the spatial evolution of CO production. Increasing oxidizer post recess improved mixing due to enhanced shear-induced turbulence and associated radial diffusion of species and temperature; however, the enhancement was nonlinear. This work establishes the first use of laser absorption tomography to directly measure mixing length scales associated with temperature and species profiles in coaxial flames.
Uncertainty-Aware Surrogate Models for Airfoil Flow Simulations with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Authors: Liu Qiang , Thuerey Nils
Published: May 2024

Leveraging neural networks as surrogate models for turbulence simulation is a topic of growing interest. At the same time, embodying the inherent uncertainty of simulations in the predictions of surrogate models remains very challenging. The present study makes a first attempt to use denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) to train an uncertainty-aware surrogate model for turbulence simulations. Due to its prevalence, the simulation of flows around airfoils with various shapes, Reynolds numbers, and angles of attack is chosen as the learning objective. Our results show that DDPMs can successfully capture the whole distribution of solutions and, as a consequence, accurately estimate the uncertainty of the simulations. The performance of DDPMs is also compared with varying baselines in the form of Bayesian neural networks and heteroscedastic models. Experiments demonstrate that DDPMs outperform the other methods regarding a variety of accuracy metrics. Besides, it offers the advantage of providing access to the complete distributions of uncertainties rather than providing a set of parameters. As such, it can yield realistic and detailed samples from the distribution of solutions.
Online Bayesian Optimization of Polynomial-Multigrid Cycles for Flux Reconstruction
Authors: Mishra Sambit , Trojak Will , Witherden Freddie D.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we present a novel strategy for dynamically optimizing polynomial multigrid cycles to accelerate convergence within the dual-time-stepping formulation of the artificial compressibility method. To accomplish this, a Gaussian process model is developed using Bayesian optimization to efficiently sample possible cycles to minimize run-time. To allow the use of conventional optimization methods, we developed fractional smoothing steps, moving the optimization from a discrete space to a continuous space. Initially, a static, offline, approach was developed, and optimal cycles were found for two flow past cylinder test cases with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]; however, when exchanging optimal cycles between the different test cases, there was significant degradation in speedup. Toward this, a dynamic, online, approach was developed where cycles are optimized during a simulation. The performance of the resulting optimal cycles gave a similar speedup to the offline approach while achieving a net reduction in run-time. Again testing the optimization strategy on the flow past a cylinder, this yielded candidates with mean speedups of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Finally, testing online optimization on a turbulent flow past a cylinder at [Formula: see text] resulted in an overall speedup of [Formula: see text].
Fast Buffet-Onset Prediction and Optimization Method Based on Pretrained Flowfield Prediction Model
Authors: Yang Yunjia , Li Runze , Zhang Yufei , Chen Haixin
Published: May 2024

A transonic buffet is a detrimental phenomenon that occurs on supercritical airfoils and limits the aircraft operating envelope. Traditional methods for predicting buffet onset rely on multiple computational fluid dynamics simulations to assess a series of airfoil flowfields and then apply criteria to them, which is slow and hinders optimization efforts. This study introduces an innovative approach for rapid buffet-onset prediction. A machine-learning flowfield prediction model was pretrained on a large database and then deployed offline to replace the simulations in the buffet prediction process for new airfoil designs. Unlike using a model to directly predict buffet onset, the proposed technique offers better visualization capabilities by providing users with intuitive flowfield outputs. It also demonstrates superior generalization ability, as evidenced by a 32.5% reduction in the average buffet-onset prediction error on the testing dataset. This method was used to optimize the buffet performance of 11 distinct airfoils within and outside the training dataset. The optimization results were verified with simulations and proved to yield improved samples across all cases. It was affirmed that the pretrained flowfield prediction model can be applied to accelerate aerodynamic shape optimization, but further work is still needed to raise its reliability for this safety-critical task.
Physics-Informed Acoustic Liner Optimization: Balancing Drag and Noise
Authors: Shahzad Haris , Hickel Stefan , Modesti Davide
Published: May 2024

Pore-resolved direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flows grazing over acoustic liners with aerodynamically and/or acoustically optimized orifice configurations are presented. The DNS explore a large parameter space, studying various families of orifice geometries, including the influence of orifice shape, orientation, and the number of orifices. All flow cases show an increase in drag compared to the smooth wall. However, the added drag can be reduced by as much as approximately 55% as compared to conventional acoustic liners by simply altering the shape of the orifice or its orientation, in the case of a noncircular orifice. Complementary acoustic simulations demonstrate that this reduced drag may be achieved while maintaining the same noise reduction properties over a wide range of frequencies.
Reliability of Hypersonic Airfoil with Freeplay and Stochasticity via Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Guo Weili , Xu Yong , Liu Qi , Lenci Stefano , Li Guangning
Published: May 2024

The reliability of a pitch-plunge hypersonic airfoil in random fluctuating flow with both cubic and freeplay nonlinearity is examined. The Hopf bifurcation and dynamic responses of the hypersonic airfoil are performed. To analyze the reliability, the effects of stochasticity on the dynamic behaviors of the hypersonic airfoil model are discussed in detail. Several unwanted phenomena that result in the failure of the airfoil structure are induced by random fluctuations. Subsequently, the reliability of the airfoil model is defined and analyzed according to the first passage failure criteria. The effects of different parameters on the reliability are investigated. Furthermore, a nonlinear energy sink is introduced to suppress the vibration of the airfoil and enhance the reliability. Two-dimensional reliability regions of the airfoil model are given to provide the safety parameter region. The results show that the reliability of the airfoil model is significantly improved with the nonlinear energy sink. This work will provide new insights into the safety design of hypersonic aircraft.
The Impacts of the Low-FODMAP Diet on the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms: Possibilities, Feasibility, and Alternatives
Authors: Jo Nicolas , Ortega-Santos Carmen
Published: May 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) condition characterized by a myriad of GI symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, nutrient malabsorption) that vary in severity. Due to its complex and individual nature, there is no known cure for IBS, but many diets have been assessed for their viability in managing symptoms. The low-FODMAP diet has recently been investigated for its potential benefits for IBS patients. FODMAPs, or Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols are short- and medium-chain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and are prone to absorb water and ferment in the colon. Consumption of these FODMAPs correlates with increasing severity of IBS symptoms. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial systematic review was to compile various evidence-based dietary recommendations for the low-FODMAP diet for adult patients suffering from IBS from randomized controlled and clinical trials. The possibilities, feasibilities, and potential alternatives are proposed to determine if there is sufficient evidence to recommend the low-FODMAP diet for this patient population. Over 1,000 studies were screened and 6 were reviewed to determine the benefits of this diet. It was found that the low-FODMAP diet has demonstrated efficacy in delivering IBS symptom relief by changing patients’ metabolomes, microbiomes, and physiology. Specifically, this diet showed a greater overall decrease in abdominal pain, bloating, stool consistency, frequency, and urgency. Greater diversity of actinobacteria was found in the stool samples of these patients. Nociceptive neurons were also shown to be less sensitive and GI gas production was also markedly decreased. Despite these benefits, the low-FODMAP diet is more recommended for acute flare-ups due to its difficult adherence and attrition. Instead, we conclude that the balanced Mediterranean diet contains aspects of the traditional Mediterranean and low-FODMAP diet that can relieve IBS symptoms for daily life, while the low-FODMAP diet can be an effective treatment to ameliorate conditions when severe symptoms are experienced.
The Effect of Saltwater Stress on the Performance of Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: Martin Samarah , Oyege Ivan , Shetty Kateel , Jayachandran Krish , Sridhar Balaji Bhaskar Maruthi
Published: May 2024

Rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion in aquifers pose significant challenges for South Florida agriculture, leading to increased groundwater salinity and potential crop losses. Utilizing salttolerant crop species presents a potential solution for saline soils and regions with active saltwater intrusion. However, the effects of soil salinization through groundwater alone remains less studied. This research investigates the impact of short-term, below-ground saltwater stress on the growth, survival, and overall health of commonly grown cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The objectives of the study are to: 1) determine the impact of saline groundwater on tomato plant health and 2) compare the nutrient content of soil and tomato plant tissue exposed to varying concentrations of saline water. Established cherry tomato plants were exposed to varying concentrations of NaCl solution, simulating saltwater intrusion into groundwater. Over 28 days, plant height, leaf chlorophyll levels, and disease occurrences were monitored. It was found that the NaCl treatments did not significantly affect cherry tomato performance under the parameters of height, chlorophyll levels, or leaf nutrition when compared to the control group. This study suggests that cherry tomatoes can tolerate short-term exposure to NaCl in groundwater. Further exploration of more intense salt stress conditions from groundwater could be beneficial for utilizing this crop in areas with saline soils or polluted groundwater. Identification of salt-tolerant cherry tomato varieties can provide alternative crop options for non-arable land affected by high soil salinity.
The Evolution of Tumor Suppressing Genes in Multicellular Organisms: Nature’s Prevention of Oncogenesis
Authors: Perez Melanie
Published: May 2024

The p53 gene family, a well-known group of genes, is the primary propagator of tumor-suppressing mechanisms in multicellular organisms. Although they are currently critical drug targets in cancer, the p53 family also serves specific functions in the development of multicellular organisms. In this paper, the current function, origin, and evolutionary purpose of the p53 family are reviewed in the evolution of multicellular organisms. The TP53 gene induces cellular responses such as apoptosis as a way to combat detrimental environmental and cellular factors that can damage the integrity of a cell’s DNA. The other two members of the p53 family are the TP63/TP73 genes. The TP63/TP73 genes are involved in the embryonic development of limbs and the neuronal system, respectively. It has been discovered that these three genes originated as an ancestral gene that later separated individually throughout the evolution of higher functioning vertebrates from invertebrates. The p53 family provides complex networks of tumor-suppressor genes that allow for the prevention of oncogenesis in multicellular organisms. The ultimate evolutionary goal of the p53 family is to preserve the integrity of their organisms from unwanted mutations, which in turn also assists their own fitness. However, the genomic evidence presented in the current literature contains gaps. Further research is needed to fill in these gaps in the genomes of multicellular organisms, in order to have a cohesive understanding of the evolutionary purpose of the p53 family, not only for the benefit of humans but for other species as well.
Perfil microbiológico de pacientes com fibrose cística
Authors: Barbosa Júlia Amaral , Junqueira Maria de Lourdes , Soldati Laura Lavorato , Alves Fernanda Aparecida Oliveira , Garcia Patrícia Guedes
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das linhagens bacterianas isoladas de amostras de trato respiratório inferior de pacientes com fibrose cística (FC). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, através da análise dos resultados descritos nos livros de registros das culturas microbiológicas e na avaliação dos prontuários on-line dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de FC do hospital de ensino da cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2022. Resultados: Foram realizadas 2255 culturas de trato respiratório inferior de pacientes com FC, destas 79,4% foram positivas para bactérias, sendo 52,7% de Staphylococcus aureus, 30% de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6% de Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 3% do complexo Burkholderia cepacia e 2% de outras bactérias. Os participantes do estudo tinham em média ± 12,16 anos e a maioria tinha de 0 a 1 ano de idade. Conclusão: S. aureus é a bactéria mais prevalente em pacientes com fibrose cística, que é uma doença potencialmente letal, acometendo principalmente a raça branca, as infecções pulmonares podem levar à morte prematura dos pacientes; com isso, é essencial o conhecimento do perfil microbiológico dos pacientes.
Perfil clínico dos pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária em hospital universitário do interior paulista
Authors: Hildebrandi Isabella Pacifico , Grilo Giulia de Moraes , Santos Isadora Medina Simião dos , Seixas Emerson de Albuquerque
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil clínico e angiográfico dos pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária em hospital universitário do interior paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, que incluiu 200 pacientes maiores de 18 anos que realizaram a angioplastia coronária entre agosto de 2022 e maio de 2023 no hospital do presente estudo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionário e análise de prontuário, e descritos através de frequência, porcentagem, média, desvio padrão e percentis (p25-p75). Resultados: A maioria dos procedimentos foi realizado devido a um quadro de síndrome coronariana aguda, especialmente por infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. O perfil clínico mais acometido foi sexo masculino, branco, tabagista, idade e IMC elevados e com comorbidades prévias. Quanto ao perfil angiográfico, a artéria descendente anterior foi a mais tratada, os pacientes uni arteriais foram mais prevalentes e 100% dos stents utilizados foram farmacológicos. Conclusão: O conhecimento do perfil clínico e angiográfico mais acometido pela doença coronariana e submetido a angioplastia coronária é de grande importância para a realização da prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento das doenças cardíacas.
The Role of Field Cancerization in Selecting Therapies for Actinic Keratosis: An Expert Consensus Panel
Authors: Zakria Danny , Shah Milaan , Burshtein Joshua , Berman Brian , Bhatia Neal , Ceilley Roger , Farberg Aaron , Lebwohl Mark , Merritt Dawn , Nouri Keyvan , Stein Gold Linda , Rigel Darrell
Published: May 2024

Background: Actinic keratosis is a very common disease that affects over 40 million people in the United States. In addition to the clinically visible lesion, patients may present with surrounding field cancerization based on their history of ultraviolet exposure. While lesion-directed therapy such as cryosurgery can effectively treat individual actinic keratoses it does not treat subclinical lesions or field cancerization.
Objective: To create consensus recommendations on the role of field cancerization in selecting appropriate therapy for actinic keratoses.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase was conducted using the keywords “actinic keratos*,” “treatment,” and “field cancerization” for English-language original research articles without date restrictions. Articles were included that either discussed the role of FC in treating AKs or compared various AK field therapies. The relevant articles were then distributed to a panel of nine dermatologists with significant expertise in managing AKs. Each panelist reviewed the articles and assigned them a level of evidence based on Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) criteria. The panel then convened on to discuss the studies and develop consensus statements on the role of FC in selecting AK therapy. The panel utilized a modified Delphi process to approve the adoption of each statement and gave each one a strength of recommendation based on SORT criteria.
Results: The initial literature search produced 243 articles that met search criteria. After a thorough screening of these articles for relevance to the research question, 21 articles were chosen to be reviewed by the panel and assigned a level of evidence. Of the 21 articles that were reviewed, the panel assigned level 1 evidence to three articles, level 2 evidence to six articles, and level 3 evidence to twelve articles. The panel created seven consensus statements related to AK management and FC. All seven statements received a unanimous (9/9) vote for adoption. Each of the statements was given a strength of recommendation according to sort criteria
Conclusion: Field cancerization due to chronic ultraviolet exposure leads to subclinical AK lesions in addition to lesions that are clinically apparent. In order to address these lesions, field therapy is an important component of an adequate regimen and can be used in conjunction with lesion-directed therapy for optimal results.
Identifying a Case of an Atenolol-induced Papulosquamous Eruption
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Gofman Joseph , Litchman Graham , Choudhury Sourab
Published: May 2024

While beta-adrenergic blocking agents (beta blockers) are generally safe, their incidence of medication-induced cutaneous eruptions remain under-recognized in the primary care setting. The adverse dermatologic effects of these medications may arise in the days to years following drug initiation, contributing to its delayed diagnosis and management. Here we report a case of a papulosquamous drug eruption in an older adult due to atenolol. We also discuss pertinent morphologic findings, diagnostic methods, management, and how to distinguish this type of eruption from other papulosquamous disorders.
Coexisting Psoriasis and Anti-P200 Pemphigoid: A Case Report
Authors: Hunt Samantha
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis and autoimmune bullous diseases have been shown to coexist in certain patients. Notably, anti-p200 pemphigoid has been associated with psoriasis. We present a case of a patient who presented with psoriasis and was also found to have anti-p200 pemphigoid. This case highlights the importance of recognizing this association, which may aid in diagnosis but also poses an interesting challenge in co-managing these two entities.
Sealing the Deal: Embracing Hydrocolloid Dressings for Post Procedure Dermatologic Care
Authors: Marson Justin W , Chen Rebecca M. , Schwartz Michelle , Siegel Daniel M.
Published: May 2024

Hydrocolloid dressings provide a maintenance-free method of post-procedural wound care. Commercially available hydrocolloid dressing, however, may not be accessible or affordable for all procedural patients. Here we report a case of a patient with a fibroepithelioma of pinkus treated with electrodessication and curettage with post-procedural wound care managed with an over-the-counter hydrocolloid “pimple” patch.
IMMERSIVE AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN JAW AND KNEE REPLACEMENT SURGERY: ACCURACY AND PROCESSING TIME RESULTS
Authors: Ali Abas Albabawat  , Shahad Ahmed Salah  , Mohammed Hikmat Sadiq  , Salah Razwan Mohmed , Omer Lamya A.
Published: May 2024

In medicine and healthcare, augmented reality (AR) has been used by physicians during surgical procedures. It has provedhelpful in preoperative planning and procedure navigation by allowing them to display in-depth information and visualizedetails in real time during surgery, prioritizing patient safety and healthcare. Due to the critical nature of surgical procedures,extreme accuracy is required when using ar technology to maintain patients' health. A few years ago, ar faced severalchallenges and limitations in surgeries, such as noise in real-time images, cutting errors, navigation errors, wrong implantplacement, overlay errors, navigating narrow areas, geometric accuracy limitations, image alignment, image registration,and occlusion handling. This paper reviews several recently published articles exploring ar technology usage in jaw andknee replacement surgery, focusing on identifying the newest technologies, methods, and solutions for the abovementionedlimitations. Based on data collected from the published papers, the results were compared for each problem solved in eacharticle regarding accuracy and processing time.
Knowledge Graph Analysis On English Wikipedia Pages Using A Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Pratama Yudistira Bagus , Haiyudi Haiyudi
Published: May 2024

Analysis of social networks or online communities can be very difficult when working on large networks, as many measurements require expensive hardware. For example, identifying the community structure of a network is a very computationally expensive task. Embedded graph is a way to represent graphs with vectors, so that further analysis becomes easier. The purpose of this research is to analyze the knowledge graph from the wikipedia article data. This research aims to implement web scraping techniques on the wikipedia article search engine and display similar wikipedia pages and analyze them using a predetermined deep learning algorithm. Data collection in this research used scraping techniques to retrieve data from the unstructured wikipedia website and then processed it into structured data. The method used in this research is a standard cross-industry process for data mining by performing phases of data collection, data processing, proposed algorithms, testing and evaluation. The algorithm applied is deepwalk, kmeans, girvan newman. By doing this research, it is expected to provide knowledge about the deep learning approach for data representation of the wikipedia pages knowledge graph and can help users find similar wikipedia pages and enrich literacy on knowledge graph analysis.
Real-Effort Incentives in Online Labor Markets: Punishments and Rewards for Individuals and Groups
Authors: Hashim Matthew , Bockstedt Jesse
Published: May 2024

Online labor markets and the humans that power them serve a critical role in the advancement of artificial intelligence and supervised machine learning via the creation of useful training datasets. The use of human effort in online labor markets is not enough, however, as a key factor is understanding the possible interventions that market operators can leverage to incentivize human effort among their labor force. We propose that platforms could implement mechanisms such as rewards or punishments at individual or group levels to incentivize real-effort and output. We apply our interventions using a collaborative image tagging experiment—a folksonomy—and the results provide interesting insights and nonobvious consequences. On average, interventions applied at the group level outperformed interventions applied at the individual level. Punishing the group provided the most controversial incentive strategy and provided a nonobvious significant improvement in effort. Rewarding or sanctioning an individual had similar effects on average, with both treatments leading to significant increases in effort post-intervention. In contrast to predictions, sanctioning appears to have significantly motivated those that were punished. Overall, the interventions applied in our real-effort collaborative image tagging experiment had a significant impact on behavior, which provides guidance for online labor market operators and the use of incentives in the creation of labeled machine learning training datasets.
Using Digital Nudges to Enhance Collective Intelligence in Online Collaboration: Insights from Unexpected Outcomes
Authors: Gupta Pranav , Ji Kim Young , Glikson Ella , Woolley Anita
Published: May 2024

The dramatic expansion of internet communication tools has led to the increased use of temporary online groups to solve problems, provide services, or produce new knowledge. However, many of these groups need help to collaborate effectively. The rapid development of new tools and collaboration forms requires ongoing experimentation to develop and test new ways to support this novel form of teamwork. Building on research demonstrating the use of nudges to shape behavior, we report the results of an experiment to nudge teamwork in 168 temporary online groups randomly assigned to one of four different nudge treatments. Each nudge was designed to spur one of three targeted collaborative processes (collaborator skill use, effective task strategy, and the level of collective effort) demonstrated to enhance collective intelligence in extant research. Our results support the basic notion that digitally nudging collaborative processes can improve collective intelligence. However, to our surprise, a couple of nudges had unintended negative effects and ultimately decreased collective intelligence. We discuss our results using structured speculation to systematically consider the conditions under which we would or would not expect the same patterns to materialize in order to clearly articulate directions for future research.
iRepair or I Repair? A Dialectical Process Analysis of Control Enactment in the iPhone Repair Aftermarket
Authors: Recker Jan , Zeiss Roman , Mueller Mario
Published: May 2024

We study how Apple and independent repair service providers used different physical, regulatory, and digital instruments to influence each other’s abilities to control the repair aftermarket of the Apple iPhone between 2007 and 2020. We show how the emergence of digital instruments for enacting control, made possible through emerging functionality for tethering, encryption, and temporary binding implemented in the iPhone itself, was shaped by and shaped the actions of Apple and the independent repair service providers, and led to a dominant tension between encrypted authorization and inscription of control through Apple and collective legal action by independent repair service providers. Our analysis provides a more nuanced understanding of control enactment by highlighting the implications of using different mediums for exercising control, and we provide a new way to understand the dialectics involved in enacting control in digital product aftermarkets. Our study provides insights that can inform the regulation of digital product aftermarkets—in particular, the ongoing debate about rights-to-repair legislation.
Delays in Information Presentation Lead to Brain State Switching, Which Degrades User Performance, and There May Not Be Much We Can Do about It
Authors: Harmon Kevin , Lee Hansol , Khasraghi Bahar , Parmar Harshit , Walden Eric
Published: May 2024

System delays are a major factor that harms user experience. Long delays often result in system abandonment, decreased user performance, and lost revenue for businesses. Although studies have provided important contributions on the consequences of delays, less is known about why system delays harm the user experience. Using fMRI, we examined how long system delays—compared to short delays—can change a user’s brain state. Results showed that brain state switching was more likely during a long delay than during a short delay. Brain state switching was also more likely at the beginning of a task following a long delay than following a short delay. The default-mode network (brain regions associated with inattention) was more active during long delays than when users were engaged in the task. Furthermore, long delays were significantly related to worsened performance as measured in decision time in the task following a delay. This effect was mediated by brain state switching at the beginning of the task after the delay. We also attempted four different system design interventions to overcome this and found partial mitigation, but none eliminated the negative effect of delays.
Skin in the Game: The Transformational Potential of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
Authors: Ellinger Eleunthia , Gregory Robert , Mini Tobias , Widjaja Thomas , Henfridsson Ola
Published: May 2024

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)—collectively owned human-machine systems deployed on a blockchain that self-govern through smart contracts and the voluntary contributions of autonomous community members—exhibit the potential to facilitate collective action in managing digital commons. Yet the promise of decentralization and collective action is difficult to sustain. To this end, this paper critically examines the transformational potential of DAOs in the case of decentralized finance. Using a polycentric governance lens, we contribute to the literature on technology-enabled forms of organizing with a model explaining the transformational potential of DAOs to facilitate collective action in digital commons. Our study highlights that (1) DAOs are a new form of organizing enabled by blockchain technology in which individuals are free to pursue their objectives within a general system of rules enforced by smart contracts, (2) collective action for managing digital commons can be sustained through a set of three mechanisms—sustained participation, collective direction, and scaled organizing, and (3) DAOs tend to strike a balance between centralized and fully decentralized or community-based governance by implementing a polycentric governance system involving a combination of human and machine agency that creates skin in the game.
Time Will Tell: The Case for an Idiographic Approach to Behavioral Cybersecurity Research
Authors: Cram W. Alec , D'Arcy John , Benlian Alexander
Published: May 2024

Many of the theories used in behavioral cybersecurity research have been applied with a nomothetic approach, which is characterized by cross-sectional data (e.g., one-time surveys) that identify patterns across a population of individuals. Although this can provide valuable between-person, point-in-time insights (e.g., employees who use neutralization techniques, such as denying responsibility for cybersecurity policy violations, tend to comply less), it is unable to reveal within-person patterns that account for varying experiences and situations over time. This paper articulates why an idiographic approach, which undertakes a within-person analysis of longitudinal data, can: (1) help validate widely used theories in behavioral cybersecurity research that imply patterns of behavior within a given person over time and (2) provide distinct theoretical insights on behavioral cybersecurity phenomena by accounting for such within-person patterns. To these ends, we apply an idiographic approach to an established theory in behavioral cybersecurity research—neutralization theory—and empirically test a within-person variant of this theory using a four-week experience sampling study. Our results support a more granular application of neutralization theory in the cybersecurity context that considers the behavior of a given person over time. We conclude the paper by highlighting the contexts and theories that provide the most promising opportunities for future behavioral cybersecurity research using an idiographic approach.
Effects of Explicit Sponsorship Disclosure on User Engagement in Social Media Influencer Marketing
Authors: Cao Zike , Belo Rodrigo
Published: May 2024

Social media influencer marketing has grown substantially in the last decade and is a major advertising channel for many brands. Social media influencers weave sponsored posts with organic content into their feeds, which raises concerns among regulators and consumer advocates that users may not be able to clearly distinguish between sponsored and organic influencer content. Thus, regulators often mandate the explicit disclosure of sponsored content. However, there is little empirical evidence based on field data about the effects of explicit sponsorship disclosure. Therefore, we empirically investigate the effects of explicitly disclosing sponsorship in influencers’ content on users’ engagement using a large-scale field dataset collected from Facebook and Instagram. Our empirical results suggest that explicit sponsorship disclosure increases user awareness of the advertising nature and earns users’ favorability by enhancing transparency about the sponsored content. We further designed two online experiments to corroborate our empirical results and directly test the underlying mechanisms. Our findings have novel and important implications for marketers, influencers, social media platforms, and regulators in the influencer marketing industry.
Effect of factors on phytochemical compound extraction from Asystasia gangetica through factorial analysis
Authors: Jamari Ilya Firzati Mohd , Zainol Norazwina , Aziz Nor Hazwani
Published: May 2024

This study aims to identify the phytochemical compounds of Asystasia gangetica and to investigate the best extraction conditions to maximize phytochemical concentration. The factors affecting the concentration of total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of Asystasia gangetica were evaluated through the two-level factorial analysis including types of solvent (methanol and ethanol), solvent percentage (70 and 85%), extraction times (2 and 5 hours), temperature (50 and 80℃) and agitation (absent or present) to determine the most significant factor. The results show that solvent percentage contributed most to the TPC and agitation in TFC extraction. Meanwhile, the temperature, agitation and solvent percentage were significant for AA. The overall best conditions for phytochemical extraction were found at 5-hour extraction times, 70% methanol, 80℃ temperatures with agitation. At this condition, the highest recorded TPC, TFC and AA were 0.2149, 0.3281 and 6.6360 respectively. Acknowledging the suitable range of processing factors during phytochemical extraction could significantly affect the yields. The factorial analysis could be useful to tailor the range of factors chosen to obtain the desired outcome.