bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEIO AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO - APONTAMENTOS PARA UMA PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Rattner Henrique
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo o autor problematiza o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, considerando, principalmente, as transformações e a crise da sociedade contemporânea, nas suas diversas e complexas dimensões. Partindo de uma compreensão mais ampla da questão ambiental, ele critica o que chama de "reducionismo ecológico", inclusive pelas suas graves conseqüências para a mobilização e ação política. Propõe uma abordagem sistêmica e interdisciplinar para o estudo da referida questão, criando-se relações e condições para a integração entre pesquisadores para a consecução dessa proposta, e discute alguns problemas e aspectos relativos ao alcance desse objetivo. THE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT - INDICATIONS FOR AN IINTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE Henrique Rattner In this article the author discusses the concept of sustainable development, considering, principally, the transformations and the crisis of contemporary society, in its various and complex dimensions. Starting from a wider understanding of the environmental question, he criticizes what is called "ecological reductionism", for, amongst other things, its consequences for political mobilization and action. He proposes a systematic and interdisciplinary approach for the study of the aforementioned question, relationships and conditions being created for the bringing together of researchers so that this proposal can be carried out, and he discusses some problems and aspects relative to the range of this objective. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
OS SINDICATOS BRASILEIROS NA LUTA CONTRA O AMIANTO
Authors: Thébaud-Mony Annie
Published: August 2022

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O FINANCIAMENTO DO ENSINO PÚBLICO NO BRASIL: uma perspectiva político-econômica
Authors: Gomes Cândido Alberto , Verhine Robert E.
Published: August 2022

O sistema de financiamento da educação no Brasil se caracteriza  por uma estrutura complexa, com problemas de eficiência, eficácia e eqüidade, ao tempo em que se apresentam algumas iniciativas novas como possíveis soluções para as dificuldades enfrentadas. Estas características têm sido objeto de interesse crescente por parte de estudiosos e formuladores de políticas, tanto pela percepção das limitações do sistema vigente como pelas mudanças administrativas e fiscais promovidas pela Constituição de 1988 e, mais recentemente, por alguns governos estaduais e municipais. Este artigo analisa o referido sistema, examinando cada um dos aspectos acima mencionados. O texto inicia descrevendo a organização e estrutura do sistema, fornecendo, a seguir, um panorama das despesas em educação; identifica os problemas principais e descreve algumas experiências recentes que, de forma ainda parcial, tentam solucioná-los. Na sua conclusão, os autores argumentam que, para que se efetive as recentes mudanças, há necessidade de implementar-se procedimentos de avaliação e acompanhamento de forma a saber em que medida os remédios combatem as doenças ou os primeiros podem ser aperfeiçoados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: educação; finanças públicas; sistema educacional; despesas em educação; municipalização; descentralização. Financing public education in Brazil: A political-economical perspective     The system of financing education in Brazil is characterized by a complex structure, with efficiency, efficacy and equity problems, while presenting some new initiatives as possible solutions for the difficulties that are being faced. These characteristics have been the object of growing interest on the part scholars and policy makers, in terms of the perceived limitations of the system, as well as by the fiscal and administrative changes promoted by the 1988 Constitution, and more recently by some state and municipal governments. This article analyses the system, beginning with its organization and structure, and then provides an overview of education expenditures. It identifies the major problems and describes some recent experiences, trying to solve them in a partial way. In its conclusion the authors discuss that to put the recent changes into practice it is necessary to implement evaluation and assessment procedures that enable the identification and improvement of the most effective initiatives. KEY WORDS: education; public finances; educational system; expenses on education; municipality issues; decentralization. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
UNIVERSIDADE E SOCIEDADE
Authors: Brotas António
Published: August 2022

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Beyond Perception: Developing Parental Perception of Severity of Disability Scale
Authors: GÜNDEN Uğur Onur , AKSOY Veysel
Published: August 2022

Araştırmalar yetersizlikten etkilenme derecesine ilişkin algının, bireylerin diğer psikolojik değişkenleriyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Yetersizlikten etkilenme derecesi arttıkça bireylerin iyi oluş hali etkilenmektedir. Alanyazında ise algılanan yetersizlikten etkilenme derecesi için ölçme aracı gereksinimi belirtilmektedir. Görüşmeler (8), pilot uygulama (57), ana uygulama (688) ve DFA uygulaması (300) olmak üzere toplamda 1053 katılımcı ile yapılan bu ölçek geliştirme çalışmasında madde havuzu oluşturulmuş, uzman görüşü alınmış ve ardından pilot çalışma yapılmıştır. Bağımsız gruplardan toplanan veriler ile geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda 34 maddelik beş faktörlü YEDA Ölçeği ortaya çıkmıştır. Birinci düzey Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile yapı doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin açıklanan varyansı %62.27, iç tutarlığı .95 ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) ile ölçüt korelasyonu .50’dir. Ayrıca iki yarı güvenirliği ve test tekrar test güvenirliği .81’dir. Hafif, orta ve ağır yetersizlik düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Alt faktörler arası Ortama Açıklanan Varyans (AOV) .44 ile .57 arasında değişmektedir. Bu bulgular ışığından YEDA Ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik şartlarının sağladığı, ebeveynlerin gözünden YEDA ile yetersizlikten etkilenme düzeyinin izlenebileceği ve alanyazında vurgulanan yetersizlikten etkilenme düzeyine ilişkin ebeveyn algıları ile örtüştüğü söylenebilir. YEDA Ölçeği alanda çalışan uzmanların kullanabileceği ve ebeveynlerin psikolojik değişkenleri ile ilişkisine bakılabilecek bir ölçme aracıdır.
Federal and State Pharmacy Regulations and Dispensing Barriers to Buprenorphine Access at Retail Pharmacies in the US
Authors: Qato Dima M. , Watanabe Jonathan H. , Clark Kelly J.
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint describes federal and state pharmacy regulations that may create barriers to buprenorphine access at pharmacies and suggests policy changes to address those barriers.
Proposed legislation would bring fairness to NY Medicaid audits, which haunt OTPs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2022

Treatment providers are calling on New York Gov. Kathy Hochul to sign proposed legislation that would bring “balance and fairness” to the audit process used by the state's Office of the Medicaid Inspector General (OMIG). A sign‐on letter from 46 organizations went to the governor last week urging support for A7889A/ S4486B, a bill sponsored by Assembly Member Richard Gottfried, chair of the Assembly Committee on Health, and Sen. Pete Harckham, chair of the Senate Committee on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, that would ensure fairness and rein in some of the more egregious tactics of OMIG.
Uncovering the Origin of Chirality from Plasmonic Nanoparticle/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Films
Authors: Zhao Sixiang , Zhu Han , Lu Jicun , Li Ming , Zhao Liancheng , Zhou Lei , Gao Liming
Published: August 2022

Chirality generated by the co‐assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and chiral photonic crystals has attracted broad interest owing to its strong optical activities. However, it is difficult to understand the physical mechanism of the unique chiral responses, for surface‐plasmon‐mediated circular dichroism (SP‐CD) is a hybrid response generated from chiral plasmonic–photonic systems. This study aims to investigate how chirality is generated by this system and the relationship between SP‐CD and plasmonic–photonic couplings. Here, quasi‐continuous plasmon bands are designed to interact with the different photonic bandgaps of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). In spectroscopy and simulation, characteristic SP‐CD shape lines derived from the extinction dispersion of plasmonic NPs for circularly polarized light in the CNCs are observed. It is demonstrated that this plasmonic chirality is determined by the coupling states and originates from a multiple scattering combination of plasmonic NPs under a chiral excitation field. A novel transfer‐matrix method is established to perform numerical analysis of this complex multiple scattering efficiently. This study is expected to offer a deep insight into chiral plasmonic–photonic systems.
Polyoxometalate Accelerated Cationic Migration for Reservoir Computing
Authors: Zhang Guohua , Xiong Zi‐Yu , Gong Yue , Zhu Zexi , Lv Ziyu , Wang Yan , Yang Jia‐Qin , Xing Xuechao , Wang Zhan‐Peng , Qin Jingrun , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting
Published: August 2022

Memristor‐based reservoir computing systems represent an attractive approach in processing the time‐series information with a low training cost, in a range of fields from finance to engineering. Previous investigations have identified the charming potential of organic devices for next‐generation memory devices. However, the structural inhomogeneity and wide energy bandgap of most organic polymers usually lead to low‐yield and high operation power microelectronic devices, that permit their further application in neuromorphic computing. Herein, an organic‐inorganic hybrid memristor that can be conveniently processed into crossbar devices with tolerable yield via spin‐coating is shown. The doped inorganic polyoxometalate (POM) clusters via supramolecular assembly strategy not only act as the charge trapping modules but also assist the formation of conductive filaments due to their delocalized electrostatic adsorption property. With the dynamic short‐term memory property, the designed memristor devices can be used as a reservoir framework to process temporal information directly. A smaller reservoir with 100 memristors can be used for the recognition of emotion patterns efficiently. This strategy demonstrates the unique role of POM in developing low‐power and repeated memristors, which provides a new material platform to design advanced function memristors for neuromorphic computing.
Controlled Optoelectronic Response in van der Waals Heterostructures for In‐Sensor Computing
Authors: Yang Qiyu , Luo Zheng‐Dong , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Mingwen , Gan Xuetao , Seidel Jan , Liu Yan , Hao Yue , Han Genquan
Published: August 2022

In‐sensor computing with visual information, which can integrate photo‐sensing, data storage, and computation functions within the same physical element, has promised a fundamentally different architecture for future machine vision technology with extreme energy and time efficiency. The elementary devices required to fulfil the goal of such a new sensory computation scheme would demand a bold functional variation to the existing sensor and data processing hardware. Here, a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure‐based optoelectronic transistor that can act as an integrated photoreceptor, memory, and computation unit by exploiting its own physical attributes is demonstrated. It is found that diverse photoelectric control of device conductance can lead to versatile photoresponse characteristics, including memristive behaviors, retention‐, polarity‐ and strength‐tunable photoconductance, photoelectric‐coupling effect, etc. Exploiting the photoelectric‐coupling effect, reconfigurable and nonvolatile optoelectronic logic functions are realized in this device, featuring a logic‐in‐sensor unit. With the same device, both short‐ and long‐term synaptic plasticity can be faithfully emulated, rendering it an optoelectronic synaptic transistor. Moreover, a psychologic human memory model is implemented with the device, showing the emulation of memorization and learning processes. This prototypical demonstration provides a promising hardware system for visual information in‐sensor computing capable of addressing complex computation tasks.
Physiology‐Inspired Multilayer Nanofibrous Membranes Modulating Endogenous Stem Cell Recruitment and Osteo‐Differentiation for Staged Bone Regeneration
Authors: Mao Yingji , Chen Yu , Li Weifeng , Wang Ying , Qiu Jingjing , Fu Yingxiao , Guan Jianzhong , Zhou Pinghui
Published: August 2022

Bone regeneration involves a cascade of sophisticated, multiple‐staged cellular and molecular events, where early‐phase stem cell recruitment mediated by chemokines and late‐phase osteo‐differentiation induced by pro‐osteogenic factors play the crucial roles. Herein, enlightened by a bone physiological and regenerative mechanism, the multilayer nanofibrous membranes (PLLA@SDF‐1α@MT01) consisting of PLLA/MT01 micro‐sol electrospun nanofibers as intima and PLLA/PEG/SDF‐1α electrospun nanofibers as adventitia are fabricated through micro‐sol electrospinning and manual multi‐layer stacking technologies. In vitro releasing profiles show that PLLA@SDF‐1α@MT01 represents the rapid release of stromal cell‐derived SDF‐1α (SDF‐1α) in the outer layers, while with long‐term sustained release of MT01 in the inner layer. Owing to interconnected porosity like the natural bone extracellular matrix and improved hydrophilia, PLLA@SDF‐1α@MT01 manifests good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PLLA@SDF‐1α@MT01 can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration by amplifying the SDF‐1α/CXCR4 axis and stimulating BMSCs osteo‐differentiation via activating the MAPK pathway in vitro. PLLA@SDF‐1α@MT01, with a programmed dual‐delivery system, exhibits the synergetic promotion of bone regeneration and vascularization by emulating key characteristics of the staged bone repair in vivo. Overall, PLLA@SDF‐1α@MT01 that mimics the endogenous cascades of bone regeneration can enrich the physiology‐mimetic staged regenerative strategy and represent a promising tissue‐engineered scaffold for the bone defect.
Tuning of Surface Charge of Functionalized Poly(Carboxybetaine) Brushes Can Significantly Improve Label‐Free Biosensing in Complex Media
Authors: Víšová Ivana , Houska Milan , Spasovová Monika , Forinová Michala , Pilipenco Alina , Mezuláníková Kateřina , Tomandlová Markéta , Mrkvová Kateřina , Vrabcová Markéta , Dejneka Alexandr , Dostálek Jakub , Vaisocherová‐Lísalová Hana
Published: August 2022

Poly(carboxybetaine) brushes are excellent antifouling platforms allowing facile functionalization with biorecognition elements via carbodiimide/N‐hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) chemistry. However, residual active NHS esters and the loss of zwitterionic balance after the conjugation may impair initially excellent antifouling properties. This problem has so far been addressed either by using spontaneous hydrolysis or deactivation of residual NHS esters by the reaction with a small amino compound bearing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. In contrast to this approach, and instead of using a single deactivator, here the use of tailored mixtures of deactivating agents containing carboxyl groups and sulfo or sulfate groups with permanent negative charge that allow to tune surface charge balance is investigated. The approach is applied to poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (pCBAA) and copolymer of carboxybetaine methacrylamide with N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide [p(CBMAA‐co‐HPMAA)]. The fouling from undiluted blood plasma or crude minced meat is suppressed by one order of magnitude compared to commonly used deactivation protocols, while the label‐free surface plasmon resonance detection of E.coli O157:H7 in crude minced meat shows the limit of detection improved by two orders of magnitude (3.2 × 103 CFU mL−1 in a direct detection assay format). The reported approach may be applied to other zwitterionic platforms which suffer from impaired antifouling properties after the platform modifications.
Molecular Diodes With Tunable Threshold Voltage Based on π‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Lin Jin‐Liang , Cao Zhou , Bai Xiyue , Chen Ningyue , Li Chengtai , Xiao Xunwen , Wang Lejia , Li Yuan
Published: August 2022

It is a challenge to control the threshold voltage (defined as the voltage at which the current density increases sharply in the direction of forward bias), one of the basic parameters that define a molecular diode. The problem is that strong Fermi‐level pinning of molecular frontier orbitals and the changes in the electronic structure are often overshadowed by the changes in the supramolecular structure. A chemical control approach is proposed to shift the effective threshold voltage of a series of molecular diodes composed of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of π‐extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) derivatives. The highest occupied molecular orbital of the molecules can be tuned by ≈0.6 eV (maximum) with the minimum changes in the supramolecular structure of the SAMs by introducing chlorine atoms or amino substitutional groups into the exTTF moieties. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that reports that the threshold voltage of the exTTF‐based diode can be modulated from 0.65 to 1.70 V. In addition, it is shown that these four molecular diodes can operate as half‐wave rectifiers with the threshold voltage at positive direct current output ranging from 1.63 to 2.40 V, with the input voltage being 3.0 V at 500 Hz.
Molecular Orientation‐Induced Polarization Filtering based on Organic Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Kun , De Jianbo , Liang Qian , Liao Qing , Fu Hongbing
Published: August 2022

Demonstration of efficient polarization‐signal filtering induced by molecular orientation in organic heterostructures remains elusive. Herein, an epitaxial growth technology is developed for blue‐emissive horizontal p‐distyrylbenzene (DSB) nanosheet (NS) arrays on 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene (DCA)‐dominated (DCA)1‐x(DSB)x doped nanowire (NW) backbone via a facile stepwise solution‐processed method. It is shown that the DSB NS arrays generate blue amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), whereas the backbone of the (DCA)1‐x(DSB)x displays intense yellow emission. Surprisingly, the blue ASE can effectively propagate in (DCA)1‐x(DSB)x backbone immunity to DCA absorption and realize polarization filtering of output ASE. The mechanism of the orthogonal polarization between blue‐ASE from branches and absorption of DCA molecules in the backbone is responsible for the efficient transport of higher‐energy photons in narrow‐gap emitters. This molecular orientation‐induced polarized‐light transport can serve to control light propagation and function as polarization filter in a single heterostructure. The research provides an interesting example for the exploration of novel all‐optical switch devices in photonic circuits.
Chiral Nanoparticles Force Neural Stem Cell Differentiation to Alleviate Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shi Baimei , Zhao Jing , Xu Zhuojia , Chen Chen , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Sun Maozhong , Kuang Hua
Published: August 2022

The differentiation of neural stem cells via nanomaterials has attracted attention and has become a potential tool. However, the chirality effect in neural stem cell differentiation has not been investigated. Here, this study shows that chiral nanoparticles (NPs) with strong chirality can efficiently accelerate the differentiation of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons under near‐infrared (NIR) light illumination. L‐type NPs are 1.95 times greater than D‐type NPs in promoting NSCs differentiation due to their 1.47‐fold endocytosis efficiency. Whole gene expression map analysis reveals that circularly polarized light illumination and chiral NPs irradiation significantly upregulate Map2, Yap1, and Taz genes, resulting in mechanical force, cytoskeleton protein action, and accelerated NSCs differentiation. In vivo experiments show that successful differentiation can further alleviate symptoms in Alzheimer's disease mice. Moreover, the clearance of L‐type NPs on amyloid and hyperphosphorylated p‐tau protein reachs 68.24% and 66.43%, respectively, under the synergy of NIR irradiation. The findings suggest that strong chiral nanomaterials may have advantages in guiding cell development and can be used in biomedicine.
Structural and Optical Properties of High Entropy (La,Lu,Y,Gd,Ce)AlO3 Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Corey Zachary J. , Lu Ping , Zhang Guangran , Sharma Yogesh , Rutherford Bethany X. , Dhole Samyak , Roy Pinku , Wang Zhehui , Wu Yiquan , Wang Haiyan , Chen Aiping , Jia Quanxi
Published: August 2022

Mixtures of Ce‐doped rare‐earth aluminum perovskites are drawing a significant amount of attention as potential scintillating devices. However, the synthesis of complex perovskite systems leads to many challenges. Designing the A‐site cations with an equiatomic ratio allows for the stabilization of a single‐crystal phase driven by an entropic regime. This work describes the synthesis of a highly epitaxial thin film of configurationally disordered rare‐earth aluminum perovskite oxide (La0.2Lu0.2Y0.2Gd0.2Ce0.2)AlO3 and characterizes the structural and optical properties. The thin films exhibit three equivalent epitaxial domains having an orthorhombic structure resulting from monoclinic distortion of the perovskite cubic cell. An excitation of 286.5 nm from Gd3+ and energy transfer to Ce3+ with 405 nm emission are observed, which represents the potential for high‐energy conversion. These experimental results also offer the pathway to tunable optical properties of high‐entropy rare‐earth epitaxial perovskite films for a range of applications.
Ferroelasticity Mediated Energy Conversion in Strained Perovskite Films
Authors: Jiao Yinan , Qin Shengjian , Li Bing , Hao Weizhong , Wang Ye , Li Hao , Yang Zhanping , Dong Dejun , Li Xiangyu , Zhao Jinjin
Published: August 2022

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been shown to be key materials for next‐generation photovoltaic energy harvesting, electro‐optic detection, and all‐optical conversion. Room‐temperature tetragonal MAPbI3 has been reported to possess two space groups: polar I4cm and non‐polar I4/mcm. Although the space group of MAPbI3 is still under debate, significant effort has been expended to prove that I4cm MHPs are ferroelectric and I4/mcm MHPs are antiferroelectric. Both structures belong to the ferroelastic point group, and there has been debate regarding whether the domain structures observed on MHPs are ferroelectric or ferroelastic. The relationship between the ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity of MHPs has been discussed, whereas these two properties sometimes are regarded as mutually exclusive in MHPs. In this work, the ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity of MHPs originating from structural symmetry have been reviewed, and the interrelationship between the ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity of MHPs are discussed.
Highly Stretchable, Breathable, and Self‐Powered Strain‐Temperature Dual‐Functional Sensors with Laminated Structure for Health Monitoring, Hyperthermia, and Physiotherapy Applications
Authors: Wen Ningxuan , Fan Zeng , Yang Shuaitao , Guo Yuan , Zhang Jianwei , Lei Bowen , Zhao Yongpeng , Cong Tianze , Li Chengwei , Jing Zhenguo , Pan Lujun
Published: August 2022

In recent years, wearable multifunctional sensors have experienced tremendous development due to their wide application prospects in areas such as Internet of Things, human‐machine interactions, and personal health monitoring. These sensors require not only superior capability to distinguish multiple stimuli with effective signal decoupling, but also good wearable comfortability and even self‐powered features. In this work, a highly stretchable, breathable, and self‐powered sensor enabling simultaneous detection of large tensile strain and temperature stimuli has been designed and successfully fabricated. In this sensor, two functional layers for strain sensing and temperature sensing with high mechanical compatibility are independently arranged, thereby facilitating effective signal decoupling upon the strain‐temperature coupled dual‐stimuli. Notably, this strain‐temperature dual‐functional sensor exhibits not only a high stretchability with a wide working range of up to 100%, but also excellent strain sensing capability and temperature sensing capability. Based on a rational electric circuit design, the sensor further enables synchronous strain‐temperature monitoring in a self‐powered mode. Its practical applications for human motion monitoring, hyperthermia, and physiotherapy are demonstrated. Combining the excellent sensing performance and wearability, the sensor developed in this work can hold great promise for future wearable electronics and E‐skin applications.
Grain‐Slip Derived Network Topology to Remarkable Strength–Toughness Combination of Perovskite Film for Flexible Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Zheng , Lou Yanhui , Xiao Lingbo , Xu Xiaoli , Wang Chen , Li Lutao , Su Xiaodong , Zou Guifu
Published: August 2022

The toughness and strength are generally mutually exclusive for most materials. Although the biological materials in nature such as wood, bone, and nacre exhibit outstanding toughness by forming hierarchical multiscale (nano to macro) structures, it is a huge challenge to simultaneously obtain excellent strength and toughness from material synthesis. Here, one kind of network topology is observed by introducing sodium hyaluronate into organometallic halide perovskite film to greatly improve its strength and toughness. The grain slip and grain subdivision under tensile stress are schemed to dissipate the system energy and endow the perovskite film with remarkable toughness. Meanwhile, the subdivided grains linked by sodium hyaluronate through strong interaction result in high strength of perovskite film. As a result, the perovskite films exhibit robust enhancements with the elongation at break from 1.58% to 5.02% and the fracture strength from 23.13 to 55.25 MPa. It is worth noting that the efficiency of inverted flexible perovskite solar cells reaches 20.01% as well as maintains 90% of the initial efficiency after 6000 cycles of bending at a 2 mm curvature radius. This work devises a topology structure to overcome the conflict between toughness and strength of perovskite films for wearable electronics.
Educator's blueprint: A how‐to guide for creating a high‐quality infographic
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Ibrahim Andrew M. , Martin Lynsey J. , Yilmaz Yusuf , Chan Teresa M.
Published: August 2022

Infographics are a valuable tool for increasing knowledge translation and dissemination. They can be used to simplify complex topics and supplement the written text of a study. This Educator's Blueprint paper will provide 10 strategies for creating high‐quality infographics. These strategies include selecting appropriate content, defining the target audience, considering the format, selecting the software, using consistent font and color schemes, increasing image utilization, ensuring a consistent flow of ideas, avoiding copyright and HIPAA violations, getting feedback from others, and utilizing effective dissemination strategies. These strategies will help guide educators to increase their ability to create more effective infographics.
Bahiagrass and soil responses to lime sources and application levels
Authors: Cardoso Abmael da Silva , Silveira Maria L. , Kohmann Marta M. , Vendramini João M. B. , Sellers Brent , Baldo Amanda , Sekiya Bianca Midori Souza
Published: August 2022

The increasing cost of lime and the agronomic problems associated with soil acidity management has prompted the need to re‐examine management strategies to correct soil pH while maintaining forage productivity. This study evaluated the effect of different lime sources (pelletized dolomitic limestone [dolomite] and hydrated calcitic limestone [Hi‐Cal]) and application levels (0, 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 Mg ha–1 yr–1) on soil chemical properties and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) responses in 2014 through 2017. Forage and soil responses were monitored during the 4‐yr period, and residual lime effect was also evaluated 3 yr after liming ceased (2020). Liming increased bahiagrass herbage accumulation by 12% relative to control; however, no effect of lime source (P = .6), application level (P = .16), or their interaction (P = .11) was observed. Both lime sources increased tissue P, Mg, Ca, and S concentrations relative to control; however, tissue B, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu generally decreased. A single application of Hi‐Cal or two annual applications of dolomite increased soil pH from 4.5 to the recommended level of 5.5 for bahiagrass. Soil pH (0–45 cm depth) increased with repeated lime applications particularly in Hi‐Cal treatments, but no adverse effects on bahiagrass were observed. Soil pH remained above the recommended level 3 yr after liming ceased. Despite the lack of treatment effect, soil P and K levels decreased with time likely because of nutrient removal with harvested forage. Proper P and K fertilization along with soil pH management are key components to maintain long‐term productivity of bahiagrass.
Retrospective comparison of survival and responses to Fludarabine, Cytarabine, GCSF (FLAG) in combination with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) or Idarubicin (IDA) in patients with newly diagnosed core binding factor (CBF) acute myelogenous leukemia: MD Anderson experience in 174 patients
Authors: Borthakur Gautam , Ravandi Farhad , Patel Keyur , Wang Xuemei , Kadia Tapan , DiNardo Courtney , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Pemmaraju Naveen , Jabbour Elias J. , Takahashi Koichi , Ohanian Maro , Daver Naval , Alvarado Yesid , Brandt Mark , Pierce Sherry , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: August 2022

Fludarabine, cytarabine, GCSF (FLAG)‐based induction/consolidation results in high remission rates in core binding factor (CBF) acute myelogenous leukemia. We treated 174 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed CBF‐AML in a prospective clinical trial of FLAG‐based induction/consolidation in combination with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (FLAG‐GO; N = 65) or in combination with idarubicin (FLAG‐IDA; N = 109). The 5 year RFS in the FLAG‐GO cohort was significantly better than the FLAG‐IDA cohort, 78% versus 59%, respectively (p‐value = .02). In multivariate analysis for RFS, age (p = .0001), FLAG‐GO regimen (p = .04), 4 log reduction in CBF‐related fusion transcript by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in bone marrow samples at end of consolidation therapy (p = .03), and additional cytogenetic abnormalities (p = .03) were significant variables. Lower age (p = .0001) and 3 log or more transcript reduction at end of induction (p = .04) were significant variables predicting for better overall survival (OS), while there was strong trend for better OS with FLAG‐GO (p = .06) regimen. FLAG‐GO regimen was superior in optimal disease specific fusion transcript reduction at end of induction (p = .002), mid‐consolidation (p < .01), and end of consolidation (p < .001) therapy. Induction/consolidation with FLAG‐GO regimen results in better clinical outcomes in newly diagnosed patients with CBF‐AML compared to FLAG‐IDA and achieves deeper molecular clearance by qPCR assessment of the fusion transcripts.
Synthesis of 3‐(Phenylcarbonyl)‐1H‐indazole Derivatives through Intramolecular Cyclization under Mild Conditions
Authors: Kuroyanagi Sota , Kikuchi Shumpei , Sumikoshi Shunsuke , Uwano Mizuho , Chiba Takayuki , Yamakado Ryohei , Okada Shuji
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of 3‐(phenylcarbonyl)‐1H‐indazole derivatives via the intramolecular cyclization of triazene derivatives substituted by a 2‐(phenylethynyl)phenyl group at the position 3 was developed. The azonium salt, the key intermediate in the reaction, was prepared under mild conditions from trimethylsilyl iodide (TMSI) obtained from an in situ mixture of trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) and sodium iodide (NaI). The obtained 3‐(phenylcarbonyl)‐1H‐indazole derivatives exhibited interesting optical properties including phosphorescence, which was verified by theoretical calculations.
Using phylogeographic link‐prediction in primates to prioritize human parasite screening
Authors: Werner Courtney S. , Kasan Koray , Geyer Julie K. , Elmasri Mohamad , Farrell Maxwell J. , Nunn Charles L.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease has renewed calls for understanding the origins of zoonoses and identifying future zoonotic disease threats. Given their close phylogenetic relatedness and geographic overlap with humans, non‐human primates (NHPs) have been the source of many infectious diseases throughout human evolution. NHPs harbor diverse parasites, with some infecting only a single host species while others infect species from multiple families.

Materials and Methods

We applied a novel link‐prediction method to predict undocumented instances of parasite sharing between humans and NHPs. Our model makes predictions based on phylogenetic distances and geographic overlap among NHPs and humans in six countries with high NHP diversity: Columbia, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, China, and Indonesia.

Results

Of the 899 human parasites documented in the Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Network (GIDEON) database for these countries, 12% were shared with at least one other NHP species. The link prediction model identified an additional 54 parasites that are likely to infect humans but were not reported in GIDEON. These parasites were mostly host generalists, yet their phylogenetic host breadth varied substantially.

Discussion

As human activities and populations encroach on NHP habitats, opportunities for parasite sharing between human and NHPs will continue to increase. Our study identifies specific infectious organisms to monitor in countries with high NHP diversity, while the comparative analysis of host generalism, parasite taxonomy, and transmission mode provides insights to types of parasites that represent high zoonotic risk.
Highly porous double network hydrogel having fast responding time and high mechanical strength via emulsion template polymerization
Authors: Kuruwita Mudiyanselage Thilini , Weerasinghe Nimesha , Karunaratna Madara , Withanage Niroshan
Published: August 2022

Porous polymer hydrogels with high mechanical properties and response time is such a unique coalition that may open up many new application avenues especially in biomaterials, nevertheless which is a challenging task to achieve. This work highlighted a novel yet simple approach on developing highly porous, fast swelling hydrogels having high mechanical performance by slightly twisting the traditional double network concept following emulsion template polymerization. The fabricated acrylamide hydrogel structure entails 40–70 micrometer size pores while having ultimate compressive strength of 5–7 MPa. Further, it exhibited approximately 400 wt% water absorptivity compared to the dry weight of the sample in 15 s at 30°C. Such enhanced swelling properties of the developed hydrogel are due to the surface roughness of interconnected capillary channels.
Organic–inorganic hybrid strategy toward halogen‐free flame retardant, high transparent and reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Xie Wang , Liu Yuan , Yu Mingming , He Ren , Wang Qi
Published: August 2022

Copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with flame retardant monomer is considered to be the most promising method for the preparation of transparent flame retardant poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the obtained flame retardant copolymers aren't satisfactory. In this work, the organic–inorganic hybrid PMMA copolymer is designed and synthesized by the ternary copolymerization of MMA, octavinyl silsesquioxane (V‐POSS) and phosphorus‐containing flame retardant monomer (DEP). V‐POSS hardly affects the transparency and flame retardancy of the copolymer, but can significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties. When 0.4 mol% V‐POSS is copolymerized, the hybrid copolymer shows limiting oxygen index, heat release rate and visible light transmittance equivalent to the copolymer containing only DEP unit, and the initial decomposition temperature, storage modulus, flexural strength and impact strength are increased by 13°C, 21%, 11% and 23% respectively because of the cross‐linking structure and the enhancement of inorganic nanoparticles. This study illustrates the reinforcing and flame retardant effects of hybrid copolymers, and provides a novel strategy for the preparation of high‐performance flame retardant plexiglass.
Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio as Biomarkers in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Observational Studies From the Program to Understand the Longterm Outcomes in Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Sen Rouhin , Kim Emmeline , Napier Ruth J. , Cheng Elizabeth , Fernandez Andrea , Manning Evan S. , Anderson Eric R. , Maier Kyle D. , Hashim Mena , Kerr Gail S. , Fang Meika A. , Hou Jason K. , Chang Elizabeth , Walsh Jessica A. , Raychadhuri Siba P. , Reimold Andreas , Caplan Liron
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study was conducted to assess the utility of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting radiographic sacroiliitis and active disease in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) and to explore the association between use of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and these laboratory values compared with traditional inflammatory markers.

Methods

Observational data from the Program to Understand the Longterm Outcomes in Spondyloarthritis (PULSAR) registry were analyzed. We generated receiver operating characteristic curves to calculate laboratory cutoff values; we used these values in multivariable logistic regression models to identify associations with radiographically confirmed sacroiliitis and active disease. We also used logistic regression to determine the likelihood of elevated laboratory values after initiation of TNFi.

Results

Most study participants (n = 354) were White, male, and HLA–B27 positive. NLR (odds ratio [OR] 1.459, P = 0.034), PLR (OR 4.842, P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 4.397, P < 0.001), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (OR 2.911, P = 0.001) were independent predictors of radiographic sacroiliitis. Models that included PLR with traditional biomarkers performed better than those with traditional biomarkers alone. NLR (OR 6.931, P = 0.002) and CRP (OR 2.678, P = 0.004) were predictors of active disease, but the model that included both NLR and CRP performed better than CRP alone. TNFi use reduced the odds of elevated NLR (OR 0.172, P < 0.001), PLR (OR 0.073, P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 0.319, P < 0.001), and CRP (OR 0.407, P < 0.001), but models that included NLR or PLR and traditional biomarkers performed best.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate an association between NLR and PLR and sacroiliitis and disease activity, with NLR and PLR showing response after TNFi treatment and adding useful clinical information to established biomarkers, thus perhaps assisting in management of axial SpA.
Determining baseline anatomy knowledge among professional allied health students
Authors: Fagalde Megan C. , McNulty Margaret A.
Published: August 2022

Health professional students often struggle with anatomy coursework despite undergraduate coursework in anatomy. Educators must identify early on whether students may struggle in order to target remediation. The purpose of the study was to elucidate whether an assessment tool administered before the start of a professional anatomy course correlated with allied health students' course performance. Students over four years were given a quiz covering anatomy knowledge they were expected to know upon matriculation to their professional program. A supplemental data form was administered at the course's conclusion to identify prior anatomy experience and topics in which students felt deficient. Pre‐quiz scores significantly correlated with examination performance throughout the course. Students reported feeling most deficient in neurobiology (54.9%) and anatomy terminology (39.1%). Videos were created to target these deficient knowledge areas; students who watched the videos did better in course assessments than those who did not. Most respondents (98.0%) recommended students take an undergraduate anatomy course prior to starting a health professional program. These results indicate that a quiz assessing anatomy knowledge among matriculating students may identify students with the potential to struggle in a professional anatomy course early on. Responses outlined areas in which students felt deficient, which allows educators to target topics early with intervention tools such as the review videos in this study. Finally, most respondents strongly recommended undergraduate coursework in anatomy prior to starting a professional health program, which outlines students' recognition that a solid foundation in anatomical knowledge is important to success in professional programs.
Maximizing mRNA vaccine production with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Rosa Sara Sousa , Nunes Davide , Antunes Luis , Prazeres Duarte M. F. , Marques Marco P. C. , Azevedo Ana M.
Published: August 2022

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are a new alternative to conventional vaccines with a prominent role in infectious disease control. These vaccines are produced in in vitro transcription (IVT) reactions, catalyzed by RNA polymerase in cascade reactions. To ensure an efficient and cost‐effective manufacturing process, essential for a large‐scale production and effective vaccine supply chain, the IVT reaction needs to be optimized. IVT is a complex reaction that contains a large number of variables that can affect its outcome. Traditional optimization methods rely on classic Design of Experiments methods, which are time‐consuming and can present human bias or based on simplified assumptions. In this contribution, we propose the use of Machine Learning approaches to perform a data‐driven optimization of an mRNA IVT reaction. A Bayesian optimization method and model interpretability techniques were used to automate experiment design, providing a feedback loop. IVT reaction conditions were found under 60 optimization runs that produced 12 g · L−1 in solely 2 h. The results obtained outperform published industry standards and data reported in literature in terms of both achievable reaction yield and reduction of production time. Furthermore, this shows the potential of Bayesian optimization as a cost‐effective optimization tool within (bio)chemical applications.
Integrated pharmacokinetics of Huangqi Jianzhong Tang in normal and chronic atrophic gastritis rats
Authors: Jia Lu , Qin Xuemei , Liu Yuetao
Published: August 2022

Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China. In this study, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was used to study the pharmacokinetics of 12 prototypical components and one metabolite in HQJZ in normal and chronic atrophic gastritis rats. The results showed that the area under the concentration–time curve and peak concentration of most flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides were decreased, and the half‐life and mean residence time were significantly increased, which indicated that the absorption of drugs in disease was decreased less and for longer in vivo. Then, an integrated pharmacokinetic study was carried out using the pharmacokinetic parameter model integration of each component. The results showed that the absorption of drugs in vivo with disease was reduced, and the absorption speed of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides was accelerated. This study will provide the basis for the clinical medication safety of HQJZ.
Subcutaneous rituximab in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: Final results of the non‐interventional study MabSCale
Authors: Dürig Jan , Uhlig Jens , Gerhardt Anke , Ritter Markus , Hapke Gunnar , Heßling Jörg , Staib Peter , Wolff Frieder , Krumm Katja , von Weikersthal Ludwig Fischer
Published: August 2022

Background

Rituximab has become a standard treatment for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of rituximab in combination with standard chemotherapies in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. This non‐interventional study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous (SC) rituximab in routine clinical practice.

Methods

Adult patients with previously untreated CD20 positive DLBCL or FL who received rituximab SC and chemotherapy as first‐line treatment were observed between 07/2014 and 07/2019 at 99 institutions in Germany. Primary endpoint was the (unconfirmed) complete remission (CR/CRu) rate. Primary outcome was analyzed inferentially; other variables were evaluated descriptively.

Results

Overall 583 patients (247 FL; 336 DLBCL) were evaluated. CR/CRu rates were 51.4% (95% CI: 45.2; 57.6) in the FL set and 48.5% (95% CI: 43.2; 53.8) in the DLBCL set. Regarding progression‐free survival in the FL group, the probability of being event‐free was 94.2% in the first year and 86.2% in the second year. An overall response was achieved in 85.8% (FL) and 85.4% patients (DLBCL). Patient satisfaction at the end of study with the time saving simplification of the SC vs. intravenous route was 98% for FL and 97% for DLBCL. 45.3% of FL and 47.0% of DLBCL patients experienced an adverse event of grade ≥3. Serious adverse events of grade ≥3 occurred in 27.9% FL and 32.4% DLBCL patients, with the highest incidences for leucopenia, anemia, nausea, and fatigue. No new safety signals were detected.

Conclusions

The results confirmed the effectiveness and safety of rituximab SC in both the FL and the DLBCL group. Satisfaction of patients and nurses with SC administration was high.
Actinomycosis of the middle turbinate
Authors: Mnejja Malek , Achour Imen , Abbes Asma , Regaieg Marwa , Bouayed Walid , Jlidi Rachid , Hammami Bouthaïna , Charfeddine Ilhem
Published: August 2022

Actinomycosis is an uncommon bacterial disease caused by actinomyces. Cervicofacial infection accounts for more than 60% of all cases. However, nasal and paranasal sinus involvement has rarely been described. We report herein a case of a patient presenting with middle turbinate actinomycosis.
Dynamin‐2 regulates microtubule stability via an endocytosis‐independent mechanism
Authors: Guo Runzhao , Fujito Ryuji , Nagasaki Akira , Okumura Misako , Chihara Takahiro , Hamao Kozue
Published: August 2022

Microtubule stability and dynamics regulations are essential for vital cellular processes, such as microtubule‐dependent axonal transport. Dynamin is involved in many membrane fission events, such as clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. The ubiquitously expressed dynamin‐2 has been reported to regulate microtubule stability. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of intrinsic properties of dynamin‐2 on microtubule regulation by rescue experiments. A heterozygous DNM2 mutation in HeLa cells was generated, and an increase in the level of stabilized microtubules in these heterozygous cells was observed. The expression of wild‐type dynamin‐2 in heterozygous cells reduced stabilized microtubules. Conversely, the expression of self‐assembly‐defective mutants of dynamin‐2 in the heterozygous cells failed to decrease stabilized microtubules. This indicated that the self‐assembling ability of dynamin‐2 is necessary for regulating microtubule stability. Moreover, the heterozygous cells expressing the GTPase‐defective dynamin‐2 mutant, K44A, reduced microtubule stabilization, similar to the cells expressing wild‐type dynamin‐2, suggesting that GTPase activity of dynamin‐2 is not essential for regulating microtubule stability. These results showed that the mechanism of microtubule regulation by dynamin‐2 is diverse from that of endocytosis.