bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wrinkle morphologies with two distinct wavelengths
Authors: Davis Chelsea S. , Crosby Alfred J.
Published: June 2012

Wrinkles with two distinct wavelengths formed sequentially on the same surface are investigated. A series of aligned wrinkles are formed through local strain application on a partially crosslinked elastomer. After the formation of these primary wrinkles, the elastomer is fully crosslinked, and a mechanical compressive strain is applied to the sample orthogonal to the primary wrinkles. This mechanical strain results in smaller secondary wrinkles superimposed on the larger primary aligned wrinkles. Resulting biaxial morphologies suggest that the primary pattern directs the formation of the smaller wrinkles. The modulus mismatch of the substrate on primary and secondary wrinkle formation dictates the ratio between the two resulting wavelengths, as well as the specific biaxial morphologies, ranging from zigzag ridges to ellipsoidal bumps or corn‐on‐the‐cob structures to the classic herringbone. The sequential strain wrinkling process has the potential to be used on an industrial scale for the facile formation of surface topography with two discrete, tunable lateral dimensions over large surface areas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
The Ontario psychosocial oncology framework: a quality improvement tool
Authors: Li Madeline , Green Esther
Published: June 2012

Objective

To overview the newly developed Psychosocial Health Care for Cancer Patients and Their Families: A Framework to Guide Practice in Ontario and Guideline Recommendations in the context of Canadian psychosocial oncology care and propose strategies for guideline uptake and implementation.

Method

Recommendations from the 2008 Institute of Medicine standard Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs were adapted into the Ontario Psychosocial Oncology (PSO) Framework. Existing practice guidelines developed by the Canadian Partnership against Cancer and Cancer Care Ontario and standards developed by the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology are supporting resources for adopting a quality improvement (QI) approach to the implementation of the framework in Ontario.

Results

The developed PSO Framework, including 31 specific actionable recommendations, is intended to improve the quality of comprehensive cancer care at both the provider and system levels. Important QI change management processes are described as Educate – raising awareness among medical teams of the significance of psychosocial needs of patients, Evidence – developing a research evidence base for patient care benefits from psychosocial interventions, and Electronics – using technology to collect patient reported outcomes of both physical and emotional symptoms.

Conclusions

The Ontario PSO Framework is unique and valuable in providing actionable recommendations that can be implemented through QI processes. Overall, the result will be improved psychosocial health care for the cancer population. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intervention to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among children with cancer: a controlled trial
Authors: Tyc Vida L. , Huang Qinlei , Nicholson Jody , Schultz Bethany , Hovell Melbourne F. , Lensing Shelly , Vukadinovich Chris , Hudson Melissa M. , Zhang Hui
Published: June 2012

Objective

This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of parent‐based behavioral counseling for reducing secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) among children with cancer. It also examined predictors of smoking and SHSe outcomes.

Methods

Participants were 135 parents or guardians of nonsmoking children with cancer, <18 years, at least 30 days postdiagnosis, and living with at least one adult smoker. Parents were randomized to either a standard care control group or an intervention consisting of six counseling sessions delivered over 3 months. Parent‐reported smoking and child SHSe levels were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Children provided urine samples for cotinine analyses.

Results

Reductions in parent‐reported smoking and exposure were observed in both the intervention and control conditions. There was a significantly greater reduction in parent‐reported smoking and child SHSe at 3 months for the intervention group compared with the control group. Child SHSe was significantly lower at 12 months relative to baseline in both groups. Children's cotinine levels did not show significant change over time in either group. Exposure outcomes were influenced by the number of smokers at home, smoking status of the parent participating in the trial, and the child's environment (home versus hospital) the day before the assessment.

Conclusions

Children's SHSe can be reduced by advising parents to protect their child from SHSe, combined with routine reporting of their child's exposure and cotinine testing, when delivered in the context of the pediatric cancer setting. More intensive interventions may be required to achieve greater reductions in SHSe. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Ga coverage on the sizes of GaAs quantum dash pairs grown by high temperature droplet epitaxy
Authors: Wu Jiang , Wang Zhiming M. , Li Shibin , Lee Jihoon , Mazur Yuriy I. , Salamo Gregory J.
Published: June 2012

We investigate the formation of GaAs quantum dash pairs with different coverages by droplet epitaxy. The GaAs quantum dash pairs of various sizes are fabricated by high temperature droplet epitaxy. Dual‐sized quantum dash pairs are observed along $[01\bar 1]$ orientation. Depending on the Ga cov‐ erage, the width of the quantum dash pairs can be tuned from ∼100 nm to ∼300 nm while keeping the height in the range of 4 nm to 10 nm. The coverage dependence of quantum dash pairs is also confirmed with photoluminescence measurement. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mild Mitochondrial Depolarization is Involved in a Neuroprotective Mechanism of Citrus sunki Peel Extract
Authors: Wu Jin‐Ji , Cui Yanji , Yang Yoon‐Sil , Jung Sung‐Cherl , Hyun Jin Won , Maeng Young‐Hee , Park Deok‐Bae , Lee Sun‐Ryung , Kim Se‐Jae , Eun Su‐Yong
Published: June 2012

Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) contributes to determining a driving force for calcium to enter the mitochondria. It has been demonstrated that even a small mitochondrial depolarization is sufficient to prevent mitochondrial calcium overload and the subsequent apoptosis. Therefore, mild mitochondrial depolarization has been recently evaluated as a novel mechanism of neuroprotection via inhibiting neurotoxic mitochondrial calcium overload during neuronal insults. In the present study, using both real‐time recording and flow cytometric analyses of ∆Ψm, we demonstrated that ethanolic peel extract of Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tanaka (CPE) and its active compounds are capable of inducing a mild mitochondrial depolarization. Polymethoxylated flavones such as nobiletin and tangeretin were found as the active compounds responsible for CPE effects on ∆Ψm. Neuronal viability was significantly increased in a dose‐dependent manner by CPE treatment in H2O2‐stimulated HT‐22 cells as an in vitro neuronal insult model. CPE treatment significantly inhibited H2O2‐induced apoptotic processes such as chromatin condensation, caspase 3 activation and anti‐poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. CPE treatment significantly blocked mitochondrial calcium overload in H2O2‐stimulated HT‐22 neurons as indicated by rhod‐2 acetoxymethyl ester. Taken together, our findings suggest that CPE and its active compounds may be considered as promising neuroprotective agents via inducing a mild mitochondrial depolarization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homology modeling studies of beta(1,3)‐D‐glucan synthase of Moniliophthora perniciosa
Authors: Pinheiro Antonio Anderson Freitas , Taranto Alex Gutterres , Duarte Angelo Amâncio , Neto Aristóteles Góes , da Hora Júnior Braz Tavares , Pereira Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães , dos Santos Júnior Manoelito Coelho , de Assis Sandra Aparecida
Published: June 2012

The Witches' Broom Disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, drastically reduced the production of cocoa in Brazil. Phytosanitation, chemical control, genetically resistant strains, and biological control still leave flaws in the disease eradication process. Effort has been expended in the elucidation of molecular targets, in particular, the structural components of the fungal cell wall, such as the beta(1,3)‐D‐glucan synthase. This enzyme is essential for the cellular construction of the wall, as it catalyses the formation of beta(1,3)‐D‐glucans. Protein structure homology modeling approaches are able to determine the structure of proteins without performing experimental steps, considering the barriers related to experimental methods for the structural determination of molecular targets. The presence of the conserved catalytic residues in members of the same glycosyltransferase family and overall structural analysis suggests that they catalyze glycosyl transfer reactions by similar mechanisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the three‐dimensional model of the enzyme beta(1,3)‐D‐glucan synthase of M. perniciosa by homology modeling. Both procedures were performed to build the models: a comparative modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints in MODELLER and a modeling by assembly of rigid bodies in the SWISS‐MODEL software. The models were elected based on analysis of the stereochemistry quality and a quantitative assessment of similarity from the obtained models and to templates. A reasonable structural model was obtained of the beta(1,3)‐D‐glucan synthase enzyme (BegS1). The BegS1 model showed two distinct α/β domains, features of the inverting glycosyltransferase family, and the topology of the folded structure showed 7 beta‐strands and 13 alpha‐helices. The BegS1 model showed the presence of a catalytic cavity formed by the conserved aspartic acid residues (Asp326, 345, 353, and 354 DDxD motif) implicated in substrate binding and/or catalysis. In the BegS1 model, this cavity is near a loop region, as was observed in the GT‐2 family structure. It is encouraging to find that the model for BegS1 agrees well with structures from the GT‐2 enzyme family. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy study of a robotic system for MRI‐guided prostate needle placement
Authors: Seifabadi Reza , Cho Nathan B. J. , Song Sang‐Eun , Tokuda Junichi , Hata Nobuhiko , Tempany Clare M. , Fichtinger Gabor , Iordachita Iulian
Published: June 2012

Background

Accurate needle placement is the first concern in percutaneous MRI‐guided prostate interventions. In this phantom study, different sources contributing to the overall needle placement error of a MRI‐guided robot for prostate biopsy have been identified, quantified and minimized to the possible extent.

Methods

The overall needle placement error of the system was evaluated in a prostate phantom. This error was broken into two parts: the error associated with the robotic system (called ‘before‐insertion error’) and the error associated with needle–tissue interaction (called ‘due‐to‐insertion error’). Before‐insertion error was measured directly in a soft phantom and different sources contributing into this part were identified and quantified. A calibration methodology was developed to minimize the 4‐DOF manipulator's error. The due‐to‐insertion error was indirectly approximated by comparing the overall error and the before‐insertion error. The effect of sterilization on the manipulator's accuracy and repeatability was also studied.

Results

The average overall system error in the phantom study was 2.5 mm (STD = 1.1 mm). The average robotic system error in the Super Soft plastic phantom was 1.3 mm (STD = 0.7 mm). Assuming orthogonal error components, the needle–tissue interaction error was found to be approximately 2.13 mm, thus making a larger contribution to the overall error. The average susceptibility artifact shift was 0.2 mm. The manipulator's targeting accuracy was 0.71 mm (STD = 0.21 mm) after robot calibration. The robot's repeatability was 0.13 mm. Sterilization had no noticeable influence on the robot's accuracy and repeatability.

Conclusions

The experimental methodology presented in this paper may help researchers to identify, quantify and minimize different sources contributing into the overall needle placement error of an MRI‐guided robotic system for prostate needle placement. In the robotic system analysed here, the overall error of the studied system remained within the acceptable range. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL, MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA
Authors: Conaway C. H. , Draut A. E. , Echols K. R. , Storlazzi C. D. , Ritchie A.
Published: June 2012

Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2‐year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high‐flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10 kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event‐scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Quantification of Ge in Si1‐xGex by using low‐energy Cs+ and O2+ ion beams
Authors: Pureti Rathaiah , Vandervorst W.
Published: June 2012

Several studies have been reported on the quantification of Ge in Si1‐xGex using SIMS with oxygen or cesium primary ions. Most of them were limited to lower Ge concentrations. In this paper, we discussed procedures to quantify Ge content in Si1‐xGex with x ranging from 0.11 to 0.70 by using low‐energy Cs+ and O2+ primary beams. The results showed that at impact energy of 250 eV, the Ge secondary ion yield changed dramatically against the SiGe matrix composition with a Cs+ primary beam, whereas the change was minimal with an O2+ primary beam. As a result, quantification by using the reference signal inside Si substrate became difficult as no linear correlation exists between the Ge intensity and the Ge concentration in the case of Cs+ primary ions. However, the correlation between the ratios of secondary intensities I(Ge)/I(Si) within the SiGe layers and the composition ratio [Ge]/[Si] is monotonic (although nonlinear). Hence, quantification based on the ratios of the secondary ion intensities versus the ratios of the corresponding contents worked for both Cs+ and O2+ primary beams to quantify the Ge content of an unknown SiGe sample. In addition to this, we reported the angular (incidence angles between 0° and 70°) dependence of the sputter yield of SiGe as a function of Cs+ primary ion energy (150–500 eV). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic managerial capabilities: Configuration and orchestration of top executives' capabilities and the firm's dominant logic
Authors: Kor Yasemin Y. , Mesko Andrea
Published: June 2012

This paper contributes to the understanding of the executive team dynamic managerial capabilities by developing theory about the interplay between the firm's dominant logic and dynamic managerial capabilities (including managerial human capital, social capital, and cognition). We underscore the criticality of the two key CEO‐level functions: configuration and orchestration of senior executive team dynamic capabilities. We develop theory on how these functions create and sculpt the management team's absorptive capacity, which in turn shapes the team's adaptive capacity. We present theory about the distributed nature of efforts for organizational renewal where CEO's dynamic managerial capabilities in concerto with senior executive managerial capabilities will drive top management's ability to revitalize the firm's dominant logic and to achieve evolutionary fit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence in Nanobiotechnology: Sophisticated Fluorophores for Novel Applications
Authors: Hötzer Benjamin , Medintz Igor L. , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: June 2012

Nanobiotechnology is one of the fastest growing and broadest‐ranged interdisciplinary subfields of the nanosciences. Countless hybrid bio‐inorganic composites are currently being pursued for various uses, including sensors for medical and diagnostic applications, light‐ and energy‐harvesting devices, along with multifunctional architectures for electronics and advanced drug‐delivery. Although many disparate biological and nanoscale materials will ultimately be utilized as the functional building blocks to create these devices, a common element found among a large proportion is that they exert or interact with light. Clearly continuing development will rely heavily on incorporating many different types of fluorophores into these composite materials. This review covers the growing utility of different classes of fluorophores in nanobiotechnology, from both a photophysical and a chemical perspective. For each major structural or functional class of fluorescent probe, several representative applications are provided, and the necessary technological background for acquiring the desired nano‐bioanalytical information are presented.
A Dual Gradient Assay for the Parametric Analysis of Cell–Surface Interactions
Authors: Reynolds Paul M. , Pedersen Rasmus H. , Riehle Mathis O. , Gadegaard Nikolaj
Published: June 2012

Cellular response to microgrooves is addressed using a new assay format, comprising orthogonal gradients of continuously varied groove pitch and depth. Dual layer etch masks are created using a combination of micropatterning and plasma polymer deposition. A silicon substrate with a constant groove width of 8 μm and with ridge width increasing from 8 μm in 0.5 μm steps across 10 mm is fabricated by photolithography. A plasma‐polymerized hexane film which is 120 nm thick at one end of these grooves, and 10 nm at the other, is deposited under a diffusion mask. Reactive etching of the patterned sample transfers a gradient of groove pitch and groove depth into the silicon substrate. A silicon master with a gradient of groove depth spanning more than two orders of magnitude (less than 10 nm to over 1000 nm) is used to create an injection molding inlay for mass replication of the screening topography. Polycarbonate replicas are molded for use in cell culture studies, and the functionality of the topography as a high‐throughput screening platform is investigated. The response of MDCK, h‐TERT fibroblasts, and LE2 endothelial cells is examined, in terms of attachment and morphological response to the variation in topographical cues, with the aim of pinpointing the optimal combination of groove pitch and depth to elicit a tailored response from each cell type. When the range of topographical features screened on a single substrate is considered, this new assay represents a significant step forward in the parametric design and analysis of topographical cues at the biomaterial interface.
Control of Swelling of Responsive Nanogels by Nanoconfinement
Authors: Cuenot Stéphane , Radji Sadia , Alem Halima , Demoustier‐Champagne Sophie , Jonas Alain M.
Published: June 2012

The volume phase transition (VPT) behavior and the swelling properties of individual thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)‐based nanogels are investigated by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using a template‐based synthesis method, cylindrical nanogels are synthesized for different polymerization times within nanopores (80 nm) of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) track‐etched membranes. The confinement conditions, characterized by the ratio Φ between the average chain length and the pore diameter, are varied between 0.35 and 0.8. After dissolving the membranes, the volume of individual nanogels composed of PNIPAM‐g‐PET diblock copolymers is numerically extracted from AFM images while varying the water temperature from 28 to 44 °C. From the measured volumes, the swelling of nanogels is investigated as a function of both the water temperature and the confinement conditions imposed during the synthesis. Contrary to the VPT, the maximum swelling of the nanogels is strongly affected by these confinement conditions. The volume of nanogels in the swollen state can reach 1.1 to 2.1 times their volume in the collapsed state for a ratio Φ of 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. These results open a new way to tune the swelling of nanogels, simply by adjusting the degree of confinement imposed during their synthesis within nanopores, which is particularly interesting for biomedical applications requiring a high degree of control over swelling properties, such as drug‐delivery nanotools.
Physiological and genetic basis for variation in migratory behavior in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus
Authors: Kitano Jun , Ishikawa Asano , Kume Manabu , Mori Seiichi
Published: June 2012

Closely related species of fish often exhibit different migration patterns. Even within species, anadromous and resident populations can be found in a diverse number of taxa. Although several environmental factors that regulate behavioral and physiological changes associated with fish migration have been identified, the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in the ability to respond to these environmental cues in fishes that show different migratory behaviors are not well known. The three-spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus(Linnaeus 1758) is a good model system for elucidation of the genetic basis for variation in migratory behaviors and other physiological changes associated with migration. First, the three-spined stickleback exhibits great inter-population variation in migration patterns. Second, genetic and genomic tools are now available for studying this species. In the present study, variation in the migration patterns amongG. aculeatuspopulations and the recent progress in our understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for variation in traits important forG. aculeatusmigration are reviewed.
Metabolism of Anandamide into Eoxamides by 15‐Lipoxygenase‐1 and Glutathione Transferases
Authors: Forsell Pontus K. A. , Brunnström Åsa , Johannesson Malin , Claesson Hans‐Erik
Published: June 2012

Human 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LO‐1) can metabolize arachidonic acid (ARA) into pro‐inflammatory mediators such as the eoxins, 15‐hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE), and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine. We have in this study investigated the formation of various lipid hydroperoxide by either purified 15‐LO‐1 or in the Hodgkin lymphoma cell line L1236, which contain abundant amount of 15‐LO‐1. Both purified 15‐LO‐1 and L1236 cells produced lipid hydroperoxides more efficiently when anandamide (AEA) or 2‐arachidonoyl‐glycerol ester was used as substrate than with ARA. Furthermore, L1236 cells converted AEA to a novel class of cysteinyl‐containing metabolites. Based on RP‐HPLC, mass spectrometry and comparison to synthetic products, these metabolites were identified as the ethanolamide of the eoxin (EX) C4 and EXD4. By using the epoxide EXA4‐ethanol amide, it was also found that platelets have the capacity to produce the ethanolamide of EXC4 and EXD4. We suggest that the ethanolamides of the eoxins should be referred to as eoxamides, in analogy to the ethanolamides of prostaglandins which are named prostamides. The metabolism of AEA into eoxamides might engender molecules with novel biological effects. Alternatively, it might represent a new mechanism for the termination of AEA signalling.
Lipid Transfer to HDL is Higher in Marathon Runners than in Sedentary Subjects, but is Acutely Inhibited During the Run
Authors: Vaisberg Mauro , Bachi André L. L. , Latrilha Conceição , Dioguardi Giuseppe S. , Bydlowski Sergio P. , Maranhão Raul C.
Published: June 2012

Although exercise increases HDL‐cholesterol, exercise‐induced changes in HDL metabolism have been little explored. Lipid transfer to HDL is essential for HDL's role in reverse cholesterol transport. We investigated the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on lipid transfer to HDL. We compared plasma lipid, apolipoprotein and cytokine levels and in vitro transfer of four lipids from a radioactively labeled lipid donor nanoemulsion to HDL in sedentary individuals (n = 28) and in marathon runners (n = 14) at baseline, immediately after and 72 h after a marathon. While HDL‐cholesterol concentrations and apo A1 levels were higher in marathon runners, LDL‐cholesterol, apo B and triacylglycerol levels were similar in both groups. Transfers of non‐esterified cholesterol [6.8 (5.7–7.2) vs. 5.2 (4.5–6), p = 0.001], phospholipids [21.7 (20.4–22.2) vs. 8.2 (7.7–8.9), p = 0.0001] and triacylglycerol [3.7 (3.1–4) vs. 1.3 (0.8–1.7), p = 0.0001] were higher in marathon runners, but esterified‐cholesterol transfer was similar. Immediately after the marathon, LDL‐ and HDL‐cholesterol concentrations and apo A1 levels were unchanged, but apo B and triacylglycerol levels increased. Lipid transfer of non‐esterified cholesterol [6.8 (5.7–7.2) vs. 5.8 (4.9–6.6), p = 0.0001], phospholipids [21.7 (20.4–22.2) vs. 19.1 (18.6–19.3), p = 0.0001], esterified‐cholesterol [3.2 (2.2–3.8) vs. 2.3 (2–2.9), p = 0.02] and triacylglycerol [3.7 (3.1–4) vs. 2.6 (2.1–2.8), p = 0.0001] to HDL were all reduced immediately after the marathon but returned to baseline 72 h later. Running a marathon increased IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels, but after 72 h these values returned to baseline. Lipid transfer, except esterified‐cholesterol transfer, was higher in marathon runners than in sedentary individuals, but the marathon itself acutely inhibited lipid transfer. In light of these novel observations, further study is required to clarify how these metabolic changes can influence HDL composition and anti‐atherogenic function.
Le théâtre dans la formation oratoire des écoliers au XVIe siècle
Authors: Lavéant Katell
Published: June 2012

On a longtemps ignoré la place du théâtre comme outil pédagogique et didactique dans les petites et grandes écoles aux XVeet XVIesiècles, et le rôle des pratiques dramatiques dans la formation des jeunes gens dans un contexte plus large de sociabilité urbaine. Or on peut analyser ces deux phénomènes en croisant de nombreux documents d’archives (municipales notamment) et littéraires (en particulier des textes de pièces). Leur étude démontre l’ampleur du recours au théâtre comme moyen de formation des jeunes gens qui se destinent aux métiers de la parole à la fin du Moyen Âge.
Les Berlaimonts. Manuels plurilingues à l’usage des marchands, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Hoock Jochen
Published: June 2012

Le manuel plurilingue attribué à Noël de Berlaimont, maître d’école à Anvers, connaîtra du XVIeau XVIIIesiècle un succès sans précédent. L’article s’intéresse à la fonction et à l’évolution de ce type de manuel en le replaçant dans son contexte socio-économique et socio-culturel marqué par la transformation que subit la culture commerciale et urbaine. Celle-ci entraîne une véritable révolution des formes de savoirs dont les nomenclatures plurilingues sont non seulement une des manifestations les plus significatives mais encore un des vecteurs essentiels.
Le travail de négociation à Barcelone au XVe siècle
Authors: Péquignot Stéphane
Published: June 2012

Au XVesiècle, les négociations politiques sont conçues sur le mode du « traité » ou du dialogue, mais aussi comme une forme de « travail ». L’examen des ambassades de Barcelone auprès du roi d’Aragon Alphonse le Magnanime montre l’importance du recours à cette terminologie pour désigner les pratiques négociatoires, ainsi que les efforts des hommes de la ville et de leurs envoyés pour façonner une parole unitaire et efficace. Mises en écrit, leurs réflexions attestent de l’existence d’un savoir-faire pragmatique sur la négociation.
Munc18c provides stimulus‐selective regulation of GLUT4 but not fatty acid transporter trafficking in skeletal muscle
Authors: Jain Swati S. , Snook Laelie A. , Glatz Jan F.C. , Luiken Joost J.F.P. , Holloway Graham P. , Thurmond Debbie C. , Bonen Arend
Published: June 2012

Insulin‐, and contraction‐induced GLUT4 and fatty acid (FA) transporter translocation may share common trafficking mechanisms. Our objective was to examine the effects of partial Munc18c ablation on muscle glucose and FA transport, FA oxidation, GLUT4 and FA transporter (FAT/CD36, FABPpm, FATP1, FATP4) trafficking to the sarcolemma, and FAT/CD36 to mitochondria. In Munc18c−/+ mice, insulin‐stimulated glucose transport and GLUT4 sarcolemmal appearance were impaired, but were unaffected by contraction. Insulin‐ and contraction‐stimulated FA transport, sarcolemmal FA transporter appearance, and contraction‐mediated mitochondrial FAT/CD36 were increased normally in Munc18c−/+ mice. Hence, Munc18c provides stimulus‐specific regulation of GLUT4 trafficking, but not FA transporter trafficking.
The ciliary protein Nek8/Nphp9 acts downstream of Inv/Nphp2 during pronephros morphogenesis and left–right establishment in zebrafish
Authors: Fukui Hajime , Shiba Dai , Asakawa Kazuhide , Kawakami Koichi , Yokoyama Takahiko
Published: June 2012

Inv
physically interacts with
Nek8
by pull down (
View interaction
)
Tibet forcing of mid-Pleistocene synchronous enhancement of East Asian winter and summer monsoons revealed by Chinese loess record
Authors: Han Wenxia , Fang Xiaomin , Berger André
Published: June 2012

The mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) of the global climate system, marked by a shift of previously dominant 41-ka cycles to lately dominant 100-ka cycles roughly in the mid-Pleistocene, is one of the fundamental enigma in the Quaternary climate evolution. The process and origin of the MPT remain of persistent interest and conjecture. Here we present high-resolution astronomically tuned magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain‐size records from a complete loess–paleosol sequence at Chaona on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. These two proxies are well-known sensitive indicators to the East Asian summer and winter monsoons, respectively. The records reveal a remarkable two-step simultaneous enhancement of the East Asian summer and winter monsoons at 0.9 Ma and 0.64 Ma, respectively, accompanied with an onset of a clear 100-ka cycle at 0.9 Ma and of a final, predominant 100-ka cycle starting at 0.64 Ma. The mid-Pleistocene stepwise rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau could be the mechanism driving the simultaneous enhancement of East Asian summer and winter monsoons and the shift of the periodicities during the MPT by complex positive feedbacks.
The role of the circadian clock system in nutrition and metabolism
Authors: Cagampang Felino R. , Bruce Kimberley D.
Published: June 2012

Mammals have an endogenous timing system in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamic region of the brain. This internal clock system is composed of an intracellular feedback loop that drives the expression of molecular components and their constitutive protein products to oscillate over a period of about 24 h (hence the term ‘circadian’). These circadian oscillations bring about rhythmic changes in downstream molecular pathways and physiological processes such as those involved in nutrition and metabolism. It is now emerging that the molecular components of the clock system are also found within the cells of peripheral tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas. The present review examines their role in regulating nutritional and metabolic processes. In turn, metabolic status and feeding cycles are able to feed back onto the circadian clock in the SCN and in peripheral tissues. This feedback mechanism maintains the integrity and temporal coordination between various components of the circadian clock system. Thus, alterations in environmental cues could disrupt normal clock function, which may have profound effects on the health and well-being of an individual.
Increases in fruit intakes in older low consumers of fruit following two community-based repeated exposure interventions
Authors: Appleton K. M.
Published: June 2012

The present study investigated the value of two repeated exposure interventions for increasing intakes of fruit in older people. A total of ninety-five participants (aged 65 years and over) were randomised to receive either one (E1), five (E5) or five plus (E5+) exposures to fruit over a 5-week period. Fruit exposures occurred in community-based church and social groups, through fruit-tasting sessions involving familiar fruits and novel fruit products and dishes (E1, E5, E5+), and through fruit provision (E5+). Daily intakes of fruit and vegetables were assessed before and after all interventions. Liking for all fruits was also measured during repeated exposure (E5, E5+). In low consumers of fruit (one portion/d or less), fruit intakes increased significantly in the repeated exposure groups (E5, E5+) (t(30) = 5·79, P< 0·01), but did not change in the E1 group (t(16) = 0·29, P= 0·78). No differences were found between E5 and E5+ groups (F(3,87) = 1·22, P= 0·31). Similar effects were also found in fruit and vegetable intakes. No effects were found in other participants. Also, no changes in liking were found. These findings suggest that compared to single exposure, repeated exposure to fruit via fruit-tasting sessions once per week for 5 weeks in a community setting significantly improved fruit intakes, and fruit and vegetable intakes in older low consumers of fruit, although no benefits of additional fruit provision were found. Repeated exposure was also easy to implement, of low cost and enjoyable.
Effect of different levels of supplied cobalt on the fatty acid composition of bovine milk
Authors: Karlengen Inger J. , Taugbøl Ole , Salbu Brit , Aastveit Are H. , Harstad Odd M.
Published: June 2012

In previous studies, administration of high amounts of Co decreased the proportion of MUFA in bovine milk. The present study was conducted to examine the amount of Co needed to obtain this effect. High-yielding dairy cows (n4), equipped with ruminal cannulas, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design study. The basal diet consisted of concentrate mixture (9 kg/d) without added Co and grass silage (ad libitum). The following four levels of Co were administrated as cobalt acetate dissolved in distilled water: no Co (treatment 1, T1); 4·0 mg Co/d (T2); 380 mg Co/d (T3); 5300 mg Co/d (T4). Each period lasted for 18 d, including 11 d of treatment. During the treatment periods, the solutions were continuously infused into the rumen. Milk yield and milk concentration of fat, fatty acids (FA), protein, lactose, Co, Zn, Fe and Cu were determined. Blood plasma was analysed with respect to FA, Co, Zn, Fe and Cu. Feed intake and total tract digestibility of feed components were also determined. There was a linear effect of increasing the level of Co on milk FA composition. The effects of Co on FA composition in blood were insignificant compared with the effects on milk. In milk fat, the concentration ofcis-9-18 : 1 was reduced by as much as 38 % on T4 compared with T1. Feed intake and milk yield were negatively affected by increasing the Co level.
SECULAR TRENDS IN BODY COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN BOYS AGED 3–18 FROM KRAKOW, POLAND, WITHIN THE LAST 30 YEARS (FROM 1983 TO 2010)
Authors: KOWAL MAŁGORZATA , KRYST ŁUKASZ , SOBIECKI JAN , WORONKOWICZ AGNIESZKA
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to examine the changes in body composition (fatness and muscle and bone mass) and BMI in three cohorts of boys living in Krakow, Poland, over the last 30 years, and to assess how overweight and obesity frequencies have developed over the period. The anthropological survey was conducted in 2010, and comprised 1863 boys from Krakow aged 3–18 years. The analysis compared the latest measurements of selected skinfold thicknesses, BMI, total body muscle mass and bone mass with the results of surveys from 1983 (N=1934) and 2000 (N=2323). The frequency of overweight and obesity was assessed for the last survey series, and their trends determined for the years 1983–2000 and 2000–2010. The analysis of fat tissue distribution showed that the boys from the 2010 cohort, as compared with those examined in 2000, had a higher trunk adiposity, as manifested by greater thickness of subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and boasted a larger muscle mass and lower bone mass. The survey results also showed that, from 1983 to 2000, the percentage of overweight boys increased slightly (from 11.69% to 12.48%), whereas the frequency of obesity did not change. Over the last decade, the percentage of overweight people has increased to 15.94%, and the frequency of obesity has doubled, equalling 4.94% in 2010. The last decade has seen a minor trend in boys towards increased trunk adiposity, muscle mass, BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity, and a slight decrease in bone mass.
Sebaceoma of the auricle
Authors: Jacobson J P , Weisstuch A , Hajdu C , Myssiorek D
Published: June 2012

Objective:

To report a case of sebaceoma of the auricle, and to discuss the differential diagnosis, histopathological features, surgical management and genetic associations of this entity.

Methods:

Case report and review of the medical literature.

Results:

A 79-year-old man presented with a slowly growing lesion of his auricle. Excision of the mass and histopathological review revealed a benign, basaloid, adnexal neoplasm consistent with sebaceoma. Due to its association with Muir–Torre syndrome and increased risk of visceral malignancy, the patient was followed closely for signs of malignancy. At 36 months post-excision, there were no signs of recurrence; thereafter, the patient continued to receive routine cancer surveillance follow up.

Conclusion:

Sebaceoma is a rarely encountered, benign, adnexal neoplasm which can occur in the head and neck. The treatment is surgical excision, and recurrence is rare. Sebaceoma can occur as part of Muir–Torre syndrome, and in these patients there is an increased risk of other sebaceous lesions and visceral malignancy; thus, genetic testing and surveillance should be strongly considered.
A new species and new records of the lichen genus Pyrenula from Iran
Authors: APTROOT André , VALADBEIGI Tahereh , SIPMAN Harrie J. M.
Published: June 2012

The lichen Pyrenula minutissima is described as new to science from the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran. In addition, three further, essentially tropical, Pyrenula species are reported for the first time from Iran. An identification key is provided for all eight Pyrenula species now known from Iran.
A new terricolous Trapelia and a new Trapeliopsis (Trapeliaceae, Baeomycetales) from Macaronesia
Authors: APTROOT André , SCHUMM Felix
Published: June 2012

Trapeliopsis gymnidiata, a terricolous species from the Canary Islands, is described as new to science. It has previously been confused with T. wallrothii, but differs by the soft, partly decorticate isidia, or rather gymnidia, that leave inconspicuous scars after falling off. Trapeliopsis wallrothii is known only from high mountains in Macaronesia, while T. gymnidiata is a lowland species. Trapelia rubra from Madeira is also described as new to science. It grows in similar places and resembles some morphs of Trapelia coarctata, but differs by the nearly squamulose areoles, the crenulate, seemingly sorediate, apothecium margin that does not become excluded, and especially by the patchy red colour (skyrin) in the medulla.
Prion protein degradation by lichens of the genusCladonia
Authors: BENNETT James P. , RODRIGUEZ Cynthia M. , JOHNSON Christopher J.
Published: June 2012

It has recently been discovered that lichens contain a serine protease capable of degrading the pathogenic prion protein, the etiological agent of prion diseases such as sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease. Limited methods are available to degrade or inactivate prion disease agents, especially in the environment, and lichens or their serine protease could prove important for management of these diseases. Scant information is available regarding the presence or absence of the protease responsible for degrading prion protein (PrP) in lichen species and, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that PrP degradation activity in lichens is phylogenetically-based by testing 44 species ofCladonialichens, a genus for which a significant portion of the phylogeny is well established. We categorized PrP degradation activity among the 44 species (high, moderate, low or none) and found that activity inCladoniaspecies did not correspond with phylogenetic position of the species. Degradation of PrP did correspond, however, with three classical taxonomic characters within the genus: species with brown apothecia, no usnic acid, and the presence of a cortex. Of the 44 species studied, 18 (41%) had either high or moderate PrP degradation activity, suggesting the protease may be frequent in this genus of lichens.
Fungal-algal interactions inRamalina menziesiiand its associated epiphytic lichen community
Authors: WERTH Silke
Published: June 2012

Lichens are a fascinating example of a symbiotic mutualism. It is still uncertain which processes guide fungal-photobiont interactions, and whether they are random or of a more complex nature. Here, the fungal-algal interactions inRamalina menziesiiand co-occurring taxa are analyzed by using DNA sequences of the algal Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS), to investigate fungal-algal associations in juvenileR. menziesiiand allied species. Algal species were identified by a combination of BLAST searches, median-joining network analysis, and Bayesian phylogenetics. Fungal-algal networks were analyzed for nestedness, both at the species and haplotype level (fungal species vs. algal haplotypes), and the networks were inspected for evidence of compartmentalization. Bayesian phylogenetic trees indicated that the widespread green algaTrebouxia decoloransassociated withR. menziesii, as well as six other fungal species. Four additional fungal species interacted with four different species ofTrebouxia. Only in one out of ten samples were algal haplotypes shared with the nearest neighbours of juvenileR. menziesii. Fungal-algal species interactions were compartmentalized, while at the level of algal haplotypes, nestedness was found. This pattern is similar to the compartmentalization found in other intimately interacting mutualists.
Lecanora subjaponica, a new lichen from China
Authors: LÜ Lei , ZHANG Lu Lu , LIU Xin Li , ZHAO Zun Tian , WANG Hai Ying
Published: June 2012

Lecanora subjaponica L. Lü & H. Y. Wang from western China is described as new to science. It is the only known Lecanora species having (16–)32-spored asci and it is otherwise characterized by an epruinose, shiny brown apothecial disc, epihymenium lacking granules and the presence of zeorin in addition to atranorin. A worldwide key to the multispored species of Lecanora is also given.
New species, combinations and records of lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Authors: FRYDAY Alan M. , ØVSTEDAL Dag O.
Published: June 2012

Ten new species in nine different genera are described from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): Bryonora granulata with a finely granular thallus containing perlatolic acid; Bryoria mariensis, a terricolous species with norstictic acid and unusual cortex cells; Carbonea hypopurpurea with a K+ purple hypothecium and a thallus containing confluentic and 2′-O-methylperlatolic acids; Caloplaca megalariicola lichenicolous on Megalaria grossa; Cladonia flammea with a red-orange coloration on the lower side of the primary squamules; Cliostomum falklandicum, on rocks and with a dispersed thallus containing only atranorin; Lepraria malouina with usnic and stictic acids; Rimularia andreaeicola, over bryophytes and lacking lichen substances; R. subpsephota, similar to R. psephota but with a discrete white thallus lacking norstictic acid; and Usnea austrocampestris, a straggling species in sect. Neuropogon from the mountain tops. Rimularia andreaeicola is also known from Tierra del Fuego and R. subpsephota from Tierra del Fuego and South Georgia, but the other species are known only from the Falkland Islands. The new combinations Carbonea agellata, C. subdeclinans, Cliostomum aeruginascens and C. violascens are also made; Lecidea interrupta Darb. and Lecidea protracta Darb. are reduced to synonymy with Lecanora xantholeuca (Müll. Arg.) Hertel; Rhizocarpon simillimum is reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere, from the Falkland Islands and New Zealand; and Bryoria chalybeiformis is reported for the first time from the Falkland Islands.
‘Auch unter politischen Gesichtspunkten sehr sorgfältig ausgewählt’: Die ersten deutschen Mitglieder der Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas (SNTS) 1937–1946
Authors: Bormann Lukas
Published: June 2012

The fact that many of the initial German members of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas were also supporters of the NS regime and among the authors of scholarly antisemitism (G. Kittel, K. G. Kuhn, W. Grundmann) is one that requires proper examination. This paper uses relevant archival material, such as previously unexplored documents from the Reich Ministry of Education (Reichserziehungsministerium), to explain this perceived link, demonstrating how Professor Gerhard Kittel (1888–1948) from Tübingen used his political power to control the selection of the first German scholars in the Society.
‘And they thought that the time of his decease…had come’ [TA XXIV:5–6]
Authors: Baarda Tjitze
Published: June 2012

The Arabic Diatessaron has often been neglected in research on the New Testament, and understandably so. It is, indeed, a late and remote witness, written in a language that does not belong to the usual outfit of most theologians. Moreover, its text sometimes presents readings that are not easy to explain. One of these readings occurs in the Transfiguration Narrative and has found its way into the apparatus of the large Oxford edition of Luke's Gospel. This short study is an attempt to evaluate this variant reading and to clarify its origin.
Visions of Constantine
Authors: Flower Richard
Published: June 2012

Early one bright afternoon, seventeen centuries ago, Constantine stood staring at the sun. According to his self-appointed biographer Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, who claimed to have heard the story from Constantine himself, the emperor was on campaign, when, ‘around midday, as the day was declining’ he saw a shining cross of light over the sun, with the attached text ‘By this conquer’. The understandably startled ruler slept on the matter, whereupon Christ appeared in a dream and instructed him to fashion himself a copy of the holy sign, which would protect him against his enemies. He did as he had been told, took Christian clerics as his advisers and, not long afterwards, set off for Italy to fight his rival, Maxentius. The rhetorician Lactantius, writing about twenty years before Eusebius, presented a different tale in hisDe mortibus persecutorum: Constantine, on the eve of his decisive battle against Maxentius ina.d. 312, at the Milvian Bridge to the north of Rome, was instructed in a dream to ‘mark the heavenly sign of God’ on his shields. Constantine's moment of epiphany, sometimes equated with his ‘conversion’, has traditionally been seen both as one of history's great turning-points and as one of its most enduring enigmas. The interpretation of Constantine's vision(s) is further complicated by an anecdote that appears in an anonymous panegyric of the emperor, delivered ina.d. 310. Having turned off from the road to visit ‘the most beautiful temple in the world’, Constantine was greeted by a remarkable sight: ‘For you saw, I believe, Constantine, your Apollo, accompanied by Victory, offering you laurel crowns, which each brought an omen of thirty years [of life or rule]’.