bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSISTENCY BETWEEN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE AND ENDOTRACHEAL ASPIRATE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Amin Kamaran , Amin Bnar , Othman Haval , Mahmood Safeen , Abdalla Nsar , Ali Kosar
Published: December 2023

Background 

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial lung infection. Quick and accurate identification of the causative pathogen is crucial to improve prognosis. To date, the literature is controversial regarding whether endotracheal aspirate (ETA) can be used as an alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in VAP diagnosis.

Objectives 

To evaluate the consistency between the results of BAL and ETA in the diagnosis of early- and late VAP and to determine the microbial profiles of the involved microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility. 

Patients and Methods

This is a single-centre prospective study that included 50 VAP-suspected patients conducted at Shar Hospital, Sulaimani, Iraq, from July 2021 to February 2022. The patients were categorised into early VAP and late VAP. For each patient, both ETA and BAL techniques were used to obtain samples for microbiological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Results

Ten (20%) patients developed early VAP, and 40 (80%) developed late VAP. The culture results of samples obtained by BAL showed microbial growth in 45 (90%) of the cases. Meanwhile, ETA resulted in microbial growth in 40 (80%) patients. In 45 (90%) of the samples, both techniques yielded the same results regarding microbial growth in the cultures. Among the 45 samples with the same growth results, 35 (70%) showed the same type of microbes, and 5 (10%) showed no microbial growth, indicating substantial agreement. In both BAL and ETA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Both early- and late-VAP were associated with a high frequency of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, 6 (75%) and 25 (56.8%), respectively. However, extensively drug-resistant/pan-drug-resistant isolates were much more common in late-VAP patients (12, 27.3%). 

Conclusion

ETA can be a reliable, non-invasive alternative to BAL in VAP diagnosis associated with rapid and relatively accurate results.
THE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF COMBINED SPINAL-EPIDURAL VERSUS SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN CESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Zerary Mohanned , Mohammed Van , Boujan Amir
Published: December 2023

Background 

Hypotension and bradycardia are the main problems in parturients anesthetized with spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. It is a common cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality; the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia technique is a new way to solve the problem.

Objectives 

The hemodynamic effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia will be compared to spinal anesthesia alone in cesarean section.

Patients and Methods

After the approval of the local ethical committee and taking patients’ consent, 100 parturients at Sulaimani Maternity Hospital scheduled for cesarean section were involved in the study. They were divided into two groups; group S (n_50) received (3ml) of bupivacaine in a single spinal shot technique. Group CSE (n_50) received (2 ml) of the same drug with the insertion of an epidural catheter to give additional doses later in a combined spinal-epidural technique. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured regularly at 5 minutes intervals throughout the operation. After shifting the patient to the ward, they continued the measurement postoperatively for one hour with 15 minutes intervals. 

Results

Hypotension was more common in group S in 42 cases versus 7 in the CSE group. It was significant (P=0.012). Also, bradycardia occurred in 15 cases in the S group while it was only in 6 cases in the CSE group which were significant (P = 0.008).

Conclusion

The maternal hemodynamic changes were less significant with the combined Spinal-Epidural technique compared to routine spinal anesthesia of cesarean section.
PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 INFECTION POST-SIX MONTHS
Authors: Abdalla Nsar , Ali Kosar , Karadakhy Kamaran
Published: December 2023

Background 

COVID-19 has been linked to a wide range of long-term respiratory consequences after the initial illness, both clinically and radiologically..

Objectives 

To find the prevalence of post covid respiratory complications and their relation with HRCT findings after six months from infection. 

Material and Methods

This cohort study was conducted in different Sulaimani city’s COVID-19 centers from September 1st to November 30, 2021; a total of 100 patients (65 male and 35 female), a mean age of 45.5 (18-91 years old) were randomly collected. All patients had High-Resolution CT during acute infection, followed by second HRCT 6 months after the initial infection.

Results

Among 100 cases in the study, 64% of the patients have one or more chest symptoms, particularly cough (40%) and dyspnea (31%). Regardless of the age and comorbid illnesses, cough and chest tightness are predominantly found among female patients; moderately infected patients are more prone to have post-COVID symptoms than others (p-value 0.003 except for hemoptysis was 0.013). Concerning HRCT findings most common initial HRCT findings were ground glass opacity at 100%, consolidation49%, and reticulation at 46%, while on the follow-up scan, reticulation was the predominant finding at 44%. In addition, a significant correlation was found between cough and dyspnea with consolidation, crazy paving, and reticulation (p-value <0.001).

Conclusion

Cough and dyspnea are predominant features after six months and significantly correlate with HRCT findings of consolidation, crazy paving, and reticulation during active disease; smoking is not a risk factor for pulmonary complications.
PHYSICIAN CAREER SATISFACTION WITHIN SPECIALTIES IN ERBIL CITY
Authors: Al-Banna Haitham
Published: December 2023

Background 

Doctors’ satisfaction with their careers and lifestyle is of considerable importance since it affects their healthcare providers and may influence the chosen specialty of the upcoming doctors. It is affected by many factors and varies among different specialties.

Objectives 

To determine the level of satisfaction among different specialties and the factors influencing their satisfaction.t

Subjects and Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried on 2019 among 170 specialists from Hawler Medical University/college of medicine, four governmental hospitals, and two online Facebook groups by distributing two forms of a self-administered questionnaire, a hard copy and an online form. The randomly distributed questionnaire included doctors’ socio-demographic data, specialty, and lifestyle. SPSS was used for data analysis, Chi-square and Fisher exact test as appropriate was used, P-value to be significant at ≤0.05

Results

Of the 170 participating doctors, 68.8% were males. About thirty-four percent were medicine specialists, and twenty percent were from the surgical field. Eighty percent said that they were happy during working time. This study also revealed that surgeons do not give their families enough time 26.5%. About twenty percent reported they are stressed most of the time, while 64.1% are only sometimes stressed, of whom radiologists (33.3%) are the least stressed. About sixty percent of specialists chose their specialty because of personal interest, in 79.4% of surgeons were with them. In contrast, 21.8% of doctors chose it because it was the best available for them, of whom 52.9% were gynecologists. Nearly fifty-nine percent of physicians reported being very satisfied, and 16.5% were extremely satisfied, with specialty having no significant effect. 

Conclusion

Satisfaction varies by specialty. Personal interest was the main factor in choosing a specialty, most doctors were happy during working time, and they agreed on “more free time” to be more satisfied.
SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LEFT SIDE COLONOSCOPY OR SIGMOIDOSCOPY VERSUS TOTAL COLONOSCOPY IN PATIENTS LESS THAN 45 YEARS OLD AGE PRESENTED WITH THE PERIANAL DISEASE AT KURDISTAN CENTER FOR GASTROENTEROLOGY/SULAIMANIYAH
Authors: Ahmed Sarko , Mohamed Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Background 

Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are recommended tools for diagnosing colorectal diseases, but their relative effectiveness needs to be clarified. Direct comparisons of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy in the same population would help inform patients, providers, and policymakers about patients presented with perianal features and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening options.

Objectives 

To evaluate the ability of each of these two modalities (colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy) to reach the diagnosis in patients presenting with features suggestive of perianal disease and to determine factors that predict safely performing left-sided colonoscopy in patients less than forty-five years old given with features suggestive of perianal disease. 

Materials and Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study will be conducted between the 1st of January 2021 and the 1st of January 2022 in the department of KCGH (Kurdistan center for gastrointestinal and Hepatology) / Teaching- Hospital, Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq. One thousand patients presented with features (bright red bleeding per-rectum, blood on toilet tissue, pain and itching in anal region, anal soiling) of perianal disease were subjected to sigmoidoscopy and extended to full colonoscopy. The patients are divided into two groups, each group of 500 patients. The first group (basic group) includes patients younger than 45 years and the second group (comparison group) includes patients aged equally and more than 45 years.

Results

The mean age of the primary group is about 33 years. All patients underwent sigmoidoscopy and extended to total colonoscopy with terminal ileal intubation; in the basic group, we have 48 (4.8%) patients with left side polyps (10 large and 38 small polyps) and 16 (1.6%) right side polyps (2 large and 14 small polyps), in this group, we have only 6 (0.6%) patients with left side colonic mass and no cases of right side colonic mass, while in comparison group we have 115 (11.5%) cases with left side colonic polyp (27 large and 88 small polyps) and about 86 (8.6%) cases of right side colonic polyp, regarding detecting mass in this group we have 20 (2.0%) cases of left side colonic mass and 6 (0.6%) cases of right side colonic mass.. 

Conclusion

Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are important tools for investigating patients presenting with perianal features. While both are sensitive to detecting pathology in the left side of the colon, our study concluded that although colonoscopy is the ideal procedure for detecting lesions in the whole colon (proximal & distal to splenic flexure), limited colonoscopy up to splenic flexure can be safely carried out in patients less than 45 years old presented with perianal diseases.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL SERUM LIPID PROFILE AT LATE GESTATION WITH NEONATAL MACROSOMIA
Authors: Nasir Salama , Khaleel Rawaa , Abdullah Naz
Published: December 2023

Background 

Macrosomia is a serious health problem that is highly prevalent and can negatively affect neonatal and maternal outcomes. Pregnant women and neonates can be negatively influenced by dyslipidemia (high maternal serum lipids) which also results in the development of fetal macrosomia..

Objectives 

The current study aimed to determine how maternal lipid profile during the third trimester of pregnancy correlated with fetal birthweight. 

Patients and Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital over eight months, starting from the 1st of September 2018 till the 30th of April 2019. The study included 123 pregnant with a viable singleton pregnancy, gestational age > 32 weeks, delivered between 37 and 42 weeks of gestational age, and women suffering from thyroid disorders and hypertension. For all women, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum triglycerides (TG) were measured. In addition, the women were followed up until their childbirth, and the correlation between the mothers’ lipid profile and their neonates’ weight was measured..

Results

The mean age ± SD (standard deviation) of the studied women was   31.10± 3.65 years, ranging from (25 to 38) years. Regarding their parity, 78% of women were multiparous (have 2-4 children), and the remaining (22%) were primipara. Among the 123 participating women, 23 (18.7%) delivered macrosomic babies (weight > 4kg), and 100 (81.3%) delivered babies with normal birth weight. Fifteen women (12.2%) have high cholesterol levels, and all delivered macrosomic newborns, with a statistically significant association (P=0.001) between macrosomia and maternal cholesterol level. Also, the prevalence of macrosomia was significantly higher among women with high serum triglyceride levels (P=0.001). 

Conclusion

There is a significant association between increased risk of macrosomia and high serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels during pregnancy.
On the notion «the fictional religion»
Authors: Zubkovskaya Anastasia A.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the notion of the fictional religion, which is used in religious studies to describe and study various aspects of post-secular culture. Within the framework of the modern post-non-classical type of rationality, the constructivist approach to understanding religion has become quite popular. In this regard, it is proposed to consider the term fictional religion (and related concepts, such as parody religion, invented religion, imaginary religion, etc.). as reflections of the problem of intentional creation of religious movements, which is a specific feature of modern culture. The main theoretical issues of this paper are the following. Is it possible to invent a religion? How to distinguish the phenomena of fictional religions and traditional religions? What approaches can a researcher use to study fictional religions? Which religions can be considered fictional, and which are invented? To explain the genesis and the nature of fictional religions, a neo-Kantian approach is proposed, based on the philosophy of symbolism of Ernst Kassirer and his disciple Susan Langer. In the perspective of symbolic philosophy, fictional religions are considered as cultural forms. In conclusion, a typology of fictional religions is proposed, approaches to defining its nature as hyperreality in postmodern terminology or cultural form from the point of view of the neo-Kantian approach, as well as a look at the structure of fictional religions.
Methodological arsenal of Aristotle and Kant. Categories
Authors: Taysina Emilia A.
Published: December 2023

The classical toolkit of philosophy includes, as a necessary basic “set”, certain general concepts, extremely abstract and deeply essential, which are called in Greek categories, and in Latin predicabiles, but more often — universals.

Initially, Aristotle introduces the first ten such categories into his texts that further became canonic, in a small but very complex work of the same name. Up to the era of Modernity, his methodological arsenal served European philosophy with unfailing success.

However, in the XVIII century, Immanuel Kant, sharply and definitely distinguishing rationality and reason unlike Aristotle, introduces the categories of logic not as abstractions, but as propositions systematically developed from a general principle: the ability, or faculty, of judgment. These approaches are very different: for example, in relation to concepts, — and Aristotle’s categories are precisely concepts, — the question of truth does not arise at all: it concerns only judgments.

On the other hand, these approaches have something in common. Both philosophical systems in the field of gnoseology are formal-logical.

Kant’s approach, dialectical in the study and explanation of the objective world, in terms of the theory of knowledge was not yet dialectical; or, it is believed rather, that this was negative-dialectical. In fact, this approach is intermediate, syntagmatic.
From the philosophy of «harmony of the world» towards the post-non-classical philosophy of music in the context of the phenomenon of transdisciplinarit
Authors: Kolomiets Galina G.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the relationship between the philosophical harmony of the world and the substantial musical being, which brings musical theory and practice into the human life world, which is based on physical and mathematical laws and the principle of self-organization of the musical system in accordance with a single process of peacemaking with an increase in energy tension due to the evolution of the expanding Universe. Intuition and a developed musical consciousness open up expanded sound possibilities.
Secular and religious values: their content and interaction
Authors: Kosichenko Anatoly G.
Published: December 2023

For modern societies existing in conditions of ever-increasing challenges and threats, it is extremely important to consolidate them, first of all, ideological and spiritual consolidation, which underlies all other forms of unity of societies. Spiritual and ideological consolidation presupposes, among other things, a balance of secular and religious values that unite society at its deepest levels. Clarifying the content of these values, exploring the possibilities and limits of their productive interaction, identifying the difficulties of their dialogue is the purpose of this article.
Bioethik vs Genetik
Authors: Getmanov Ivan P.
Published: December 2023

Philosophical problems of bioethics in the context of the development of genetics, microbiology, medicine are considered. The positive and negative sides of gene modifications, cloning of organisms, extracorpuscular fertilization are highlighted. It is concluded that thanks to the development of biology and medicine, depending on whose hands scientific achievements are in, genetic engineering can work both for the benefit and to the detriment of man.
Evaluation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection Program in Soppeng Regency
Authors: Nur Ainun
Published: December 2023

Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) is an empowerment program initiated by the central government of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection to strengthen the community participation movement and government partnership with the community in child protection. This research aims to analyze the evaluation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection program in Soppeng Regency. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews and documentation studies. The data was analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the evaluation of the Community-Based Integrated Child Protection (PATBM) program is optimal using the evaluation approach namely (1) Context Evaluation, this can be seen from the legal basis for the formation of the program and the guidelines that have been quite strong, even though the objectives of this program are not yet optimal, (2) Input Evaluation, this can be seen from the facilities provided by the UPT PPA Soppeng Regency which provides houses, psychologists and hotlines to support child protection in Soppeng Regency, (3) Process evaluation, this can be seen from PATBM cadres who act quickly when cases of child violence are discovered in their area, (4) Results Evaluation, this can be seen from the person concerned no longer doing work that could harm children after remediation by the cadet PATBM, PATBM cadres even facilitate children with tools that no longer endanger children when peeling cocoa.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on hemodynamic variables: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ívina Alves Chaves Lenara , Magalhães de Almeida Ramos Nayara , Cipriano Junior Gerson , Alves da Silva Weder , Valdez Lima Francisco , Pereira da Silva Maria Eduarda , Arruda Teixeira Matheus , R. Chiappa Gaspar
Published: December 2023

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) uses different combinations of frequency (low or high), excitation threshold (motor or sensory), and site of application (local or ganglion). The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of TENS on hemodynamic variables in different populations and to determine whether differences exist between low-frequency (< 10 Hz) and high-frequency (≥ 10 Hz) TENS, between motor and sensory excitability thresholds, and between local or ganglionic application. Methods: The Cochrane, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and PUBMED databases were searched for randomized clinical trials in which TENS was administered noninvasively with surface electrodes in the adult population (subjects aged 18 years or older). Results: Thirteen articles met eligibility criteria and included a total of 371 subjects. The outcomes were the effects of TENS on blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP). A moderate increase in blood flow was noted when high frequencies were applied at the sensory threshold and above the ganglion. A decrease in peripheral vascular resistance was noted when TENS was administered at the sensory threshold above the ganglion. Significant changes in MBP and DBP were noted when high frequencies were administered at the sensory threshold and a significant difference in MBP was noted when TENS was administered locally. Conclusion: The results show that TENS is able to modify hemodynamic responses. Moreover, it is important to determine the frequency, excitability threshold and site of application to achieve the expected results.
Kernel-based sensitivity indices for any model behavior and screening
Authors: Lamboni Matieyendou
Published: December 2023

Complex models are often used to understand interactions and drivers of human-induced and/or natural phenomena. It is worth identifying the input variables that drive the model output(s) in a given domain and/or govern specific model behaviors such as contextual indicators based on socioenvironmental models. Using the theory of multivariate weighted distributions to characterize specific model behaviors, we propose new measures of association between inputs and such behaviors. Our measures rely on sensitivity functionals (SFs) and kernel methods, including variance-based sensitivity analysis. The proposed ℓ1-based kernel indices account for interactions among inputs, higher-order moments of SFs, and their upper bounds are somehow equivalent to the Morris-type screening measures, including dependent elementary effects. Empirical kernel-based indices are derived, including their statistical properties for the computational issues, and numerical results are provided.
La investigación colaborativa con educadores del pueblo U’wa: reflexiones sobre la implementación del proyecto etnoeducativo Kajkrasa Ruyina
Authors: Gamba Barón Oscar Fernando , Naranjo Patiño Diego Eduardo
Published: December 2023

The article proposes a reflection on the scope and possibilities of developing collaborative research methodologies with the participation of the U’wa educational community, particularly the teachers of the Kera Shikará indigenous educational institution, formerly El Chuscal, located in a rural area of the municipality of Cubará, department of Boyacá. For this purpose, it starts from the presentation of the educational research background developed in the U’wa context since the end of the first decade of the 21st century, going through the experience of the authors themselves from 2016 to the present, with particular emphasis in the difficulties, limits and possibilities of action research and other qualitative methodologies in social sciences found during the field work carried out with indigenous teachers. To conclude, it is proposed to place this co-research experience in the framework of other similar processes carried out in Colombia and Latin America under decolonial perspectives that have precisely sought to rethink the relationship between researchers and research subjects.
A Study on Lin Yutang’s Cultural Identity Through His Translation Work: The Wisdom of Laotse
Authors: Yan Xin , Yuan Xiaolu
Published: December 2023

The translation of Chinese classics has a history of more than a century, and Lin Yutang was a model of translating and introducing Chinese classics to the world in English. Lin Yutang translated Tao Te Ching as The Wisdom of Laotse by means of reconstructing, rewriting and interpreting, which has caused widespread concern and far-reaching influence in the world, and many Westerners began to learn about Chinese Taoist culture from The Wisdom of Laotse. By comparing the translated version with the original one, this paper attempts to study Lin Yutang’s cultural identity through The Wisdom of Laotse from a macro perspective. As a famous Chinese writer, linguist and essayist, Lin Yutang not only switched the linguistic code and adjusted the structure of Tao Te Ching, but also explained its contents and interpreted its thoughts in details with his own understanding, removing the strangeness of the original text, adding the logic and systematization of the Tao Te Ching. Lin introduced the indigenous Chinese Taoist culture to the English world with his insights, which has shaped his own cultural identity as a cultural interpreter, communicator and philosopher.
Challenges and Countermeasures for Ideological Work from the Perspective of Cultural Identity
Authors: Liu Kaiqiang
Published: December 2023

Cultural identity and ideology have a dialectical relationship of common origin, internal contract and mutual promotion. At present, China’s ideological field is facing the invasion and influence of multiculturalism, various social trends and weak expressions of discourse. Therefore, it is necessary to respond to the challenges with the power of cultural identity, to gather ideological consensus by promoting the core values of socialism, to innovate the expression of ideological discourse with excellent traditional culture, and to promote ideological identity with cultural identity, so as to further consolidate our ideological security.
Comparative Study of Self-Worth in the Tao Te Ching and Individualism in Walden
Authors: Liu Yaru
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to compare Daoism’s “贵身”or Self-Worth and the idea of individualism. It conducts a comparative study based on their specific interpretations in the Tao Te Ching and Walden, revealing that these two philosophies share similarities in their treatment of the relationship between individuals and the material world, as well as individuals and themselves. The exploration of their similarities is linked to their philosophical foundations, their origins and development and key figures.
The Impact of Automated Evaluation Feedback on Students’ Writing Revision
Authors: Yuan Ximing
Published: December 2023

To make essay scoring more manageable, Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) programs have been developed and widely used in China. It makes immediate feedback possible and helps students do self-revision instantly. This study attempts to explore the influences exerted by automated scoring feedback on students writing revision and analyze their revision process. with Juku. Pigai AWE system as an example, the research involves 45 non-English major students in Northwestern Polytechnical University and adopts their writing samples to build a small corpus. With careful study of their modification process and detailed analysis of their writing, the results shows that apart from providing holistic ideas on the article, Pigai system provides a specific review from 6 aspects as well. Besides, students can actively respond to the feedbacks and constantly revise their writing according to the feedback points, but mostly in technical details, morphemes, words, and phrases, short sentences. Online modification expands knowledge input, reduces language errors, improves students’ writing quality, and effectively promotes autonomous learning in students’ interaction with machines. However, limitations existed as well, such as lack of effective feedback on the content. Finally, the researcher proposed a “four-step” writing and evaluation model for future improvement.
A Literature Review of the Image Schema Theory and Concepts of Construction
Authors: Zhu Ziqi
Published: December 2023

Cognitive Linguistics holds a view that linguistics forms are usage-based and motivation-based, especially on humans’ embodied conceptualizations. The image schema theory, as a new attempt to make language learning both interesting and effectively, plays a key role in Cognitive Linguistics and Neurology, featuring strong generality and explanatory power. Thus, this paper aims to examine a review of the existing literature on image schema. Besides, applying schematic constructions in teaching has sparked heated discussion among the scholars in the field of Cognitive Linguistics. For example, how to make constructions on idioms and phrasal verbs has also been greatly discussed in L2 acquisition. However, there has been a scarcity of research on the teaching of schematic constructions. To achieve this, this paper also aims to provide some suggestions for teaching practice.
Drugs and dentistry: A review
Authors: Kaur Sukhpal , Singh Tejveer , Kainth Amandeep , Kaur Amritpal , Kainth Manbir , Bansal Sankalp
Published: December 2023

A drug is defined as a chemical substance which alters functions of living organisms. These are used as a medication for the diagnosis, prevention, control or for treatment of a disease. Drugs effects depend on various factors such as body size, general health of individual, amount and strength of medication and whether one drug is taken or two are taken at same time. Dentists also use certain medications for management of some health conditions which affect oral cavity. Medications used in dentistry may be used for management of pain, prevention of diseases or fight against infections. These can also be used before or after any dental procedure to reduce pain or discomfort and also to prevent complications associated with dental procedure. These drugs may also develop variable adverse effects such as headache, skin rashes, nausea, sweating, lack of appetite etc depending on type, and dose of drug taken. Medications used in dentistry include anaesthetics, pain killers, antibiotics, antiviral drugs and antifungal etc. This paper provides an insight to the various medications, their role in dentistry & how they can help a dentist.
Understanding sleep apnoea: Prevalence, awareness, and readiness for orthodontic treatment in adults and children
Authors: Anbarasu Prema , K Kansitha , Saikia Tribeni , Kumar S Saravana , K Gobinath , K Thrivikhraman
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) while investigating awareness and readiness for orthodontic treatment. The primary objectives were to understand the burden of OSA and explore the potential role of orthodontic interventions in managing this condition.

The study employed a cross-sectional design, including a sample of 48 adults and 46 children from various geographical areas in Chennai. Craniofacial morphology assessments and validated questionnaires (Berlin Questionnaire for adults, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire for children) were utilized for OSA risk assessment. Participants were screened for risk factors and symptoms, and their awareness of OSA and willingness to pursue orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Ethical guidelines were adhered to, and data were collected through standardized forms and electronic databases.

Among the surveyed adults, 85.7% were identified as loud snorers, and significant proportions experienced daytime fatigue (53.6%) and choking during sleep (46.4%). Findings also revealed disrupted sleep patterns in 57.1% of adults, with 32.1% seeking medical consultation. Notably, 25% were aware of OSA, and none were familiar with orthodontic treatments. However, 53.6% expressed willingness to undergo orthodontic appliance treatment. In the pediatric population, 31% of children were loud snorers, and 34.5% experienced tiredness at school. While 17.2% of parents were familiar with OSA, only 3.3% knew about orthodontic treatments. Nevertheless, 34.5% expressed a willingness to pursue orthodontic appliance treatment for their children.

The study reveals a significant prevalence of OSA symptoms in both adults and children. Despite a high prevalence of symptoms, awareness of OSA and knowledge about orthodontic treatment options are notably low. Overall, enhancing public understanding of OSA and its treatment options can pave the way for more diverse and effective interventions.
Optimización de la gestión de las listas de espera en salud: tres casos de implementación en la red metropolitana de salud en Chile
Authors: Tello Cristobal , Riveros Sara , Jara Maleš Patricia
Published: December 2023

En el marco de la cooperación técnica que el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) mantiene con el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL), se encomendó al Laboratorio de Innovación Pública de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (LIP UC) un estudio para identificar alternativas eficaces para la disminución de las listas de espera a partir de la optimización de la gestión clínica en algunas especialidades. La primera publicación de la serie referida a esta experiencia, “Salud centrada en el paciente. Modelo de acompañamiento a personas que esperan por atención en el sistema público de salud en Chile”, entregó los resultados del análisis realizado en ese ejercicio, buscando responder la pregunta sobre dónde se interrumpe la continuidad de la atención y cómo se puede agilizar la gestión del flujo de pacientes. El documento siguiente, denominado “Determinantes de la espera por atención de especialidad: una propuesta de optimización de la gestión de las listas de espera en salud en Chile”, presentó un modelo de optimización de la gestión del cuidado para pacientes que aguardan por consultas de especialidad y procedimientos de complejidad intermedia y prequirúrgica. El documento que se presenta a continuación da cuenta de la experiencia de implementación de ese modelo en tres pilotos que tuvieron lugar en tres unidades clínicas de dos hospitales en la región metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, compartiendo los resultados iniciales registrados durante su desarrollo. En el siguiente documento de la serie se aborda la evaluación ex post aplicada a estas tres experiencias, insumo con el que se espera contribuir al debate y toma de decisiones sobre cómo orientar de manera práctica la perspectiva de la atención centrada en el usuario. Asimismo, se busca aportar de una manera concreta a mejorar la experiencia de las personas en su tránsito por el sistema de salud a partir de una respuesta asistencial más oportuna.
Determinantes de la espera por atención de especialidad: una propuesta de optimización de la gestión de las listas de espera en salud en Chile
Authors: Tello Cristobal , Riveros Sara , Jara Maleš Patricia
Published: December 2023

En el marco del proyecto de cooperación técnica del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) con el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL), para el diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión y acompañamiento de personas que se encuentran en lista de espera en el sistema público de salud, en 2019 se llevó a cabo un estudio a cargo del Laboratorio de Innovación Pública de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Dicho estudio consistió en diseñar e implementar un modelo de optimización de la gestión clínica en tres especialidades, con el fin de identificar alternativas eficaces para disminuir las listas de espera y mejorar la experiencia de los pacientes. El primer paso de este proceso fue entender cuáles son los nudos críticos del proceso que complejizan el flujo de la atención, provocando congestión en el sistema con el consecuente retraso en la atención para muchos pacientes que deben aguardar un tiempo prolongado para acceder a una consulta de especialidad. En una publicación anterior, “Salud centrada en el paciente. Modelo de acompañamiento a personas que esperan por atención en el sistema público de salud en Chile”, se informaron los resultados del análisis realizado en ese ejercicio. En el documento que se presenta a continuación, se identifican las oportunidades de mejora de la experiencia de los pacientes, a través de la optimización para la reducción de los tiempos de espera en momentos clave de la actividad asistencial. Además, se presenta la estrategia que daría lugar a los pilotos implementados en tres especialidades clínicas en dos hospitales de la región metropolitana de Santiago en Chile. La experiencia de implementación efectiva de estos tres pilotos se informa en el siguiente documento de la serie, para finalizar con la nota técnica que da cuenta de los resultados obtenidos.
Geometric uncertainty in non-paraxial interference
Authors: Castañeda Román
Published: December 2023

In this article, a novel meaning for the notion of uncertainty is discussed, within the framework of the non-paraxial interference theory based on confinement in geometric states of space. This novel meaning refers to the fact that, for any set of space states whose vertices are distributed in an arbitrary array of size less than λ 10, both the excitation provided by the geometric potential and the positions of the vertices of the states are completely uncertain, such that the complete set is represented by the Lorentzian well of an individual ground state of space, with vertex at any of the points of the array, even if the set is under the maximum prepared non-locality (i.e., under a strong geometric potential). It is shown that the geometric uncertainty is different but compatible with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. In fact, geometrical uncertainty establishes both the upper limit of momentum uncertainty and the lower limit of position uncertainty in the Heisenberg principle.
APLICACION DE UN PRINCIPIO DE MINIMIZACIÓN
Authors: Cossio Jorge , Jiménez Germán
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se demuestra la existencia de una solución para un problema de Dirichlet no lineal cuando la derivada en el infinito de la no linealidad es menor que el primer valor propio. En la demostración se utiliza, de manera esencial, un teorema de minimización obtenido a partir del principio variacional de Ekeland.
ALGORITMO DE LEVERRIER-FADDEEV Y POLINOMIOS ORTOGONALES CLÁSICOS
Authors: Hernández J. , Marcellán F. , Rodríguez C.
Published: December 2023

Usando propiedades estructurales de los polinomios ortogonales clásicos (Hermite, Laguerre, Jacobi y Bessel), se implementa el algoritmo de Leverrier-Fadeev para obtener el polinomio característico de una matriz cuadrada de elementos complejos.
GEOMETRÍA DE VARIEDADES BANDERA
Authors: Paredes Marlio , Pinzón Sofía
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo hacemos un recuento histórico de resultados sobre la geometía de las variedades bandera. Principalmente abordamos la relación existente entre métodos combinatorios y propiedades geométricas.
TECHNOLOGIES OF FLIPPED LEARNING IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF LECTURERS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Papach Olha , Motorina Valentina , Zubtsova Yuliia , Ракhomova Tetiana
Published: December 2023

The article examines the technologies of flipped learning in the professional activities of lecturers of higher educational institutions (HEIs). The relevance of the research topic arises from the fact that the professional development of HEIs' lecturers should be systematic and comprehensive. Accordingly, considerable attention is currently paid to new teaching technologies that can change approaches to the organization of the learning environment. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to those technologies that are easy to implement and allow students to be more active. Accordingly, it is advisable to focus on flipped learning technologies. The study aims to investigate flipped learning technologies in the professional activities of HEIs' lecturers on the example of training future mathematics teachers. The research is focused on the learning environment of higher educational institutions. Research methods. The study employed such research methods as description, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and forecasting. The article examines the technologies of flipped education in the professional activities of HEIs' lecturers. The authors have determined the relevance of new approaches to the training organization. They revealed the essence of the "flipped learning" concept and its main aspects. The paper also describes the implementation of the flipped learning approach and the changing role of the lecturer. The authors describe the differences between traditional and flipped learning. In particular, they compare the use of information and communication technologies, the role of the student during classes, the educational process, teaching methods, as well as coverage of practical and theoretical issues. It allowed the authors to reveal the main advantages of flipped learning. The article describes the advantages of flipped learning in higher education, including student activation, student interest in the discipline, deepening cooperation between teachers and students, the use of information and communication technologies, and an individual approach to each student. The authors also analyzed the practical experience of A. Kushniruk. In addition, the article considers the technologies of flipped education in the training of future mathematics teachers. Such technologies include video lectures for home study, surveys, discussions, and student projects. Furthermore, the authors determined the conditions for implementing flipped learning into the educational process.
STANDARDISATION AND CERTIFICATION OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Shevchuk Svitlana , Herevenko Andrii , Beseganich Inna , Suvorova Liudmyla , Haidai Iryna
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyse the importance of standardisation and certification in the context of vocational education, as well as to study the dynamics and main challenges facing the Ukrainian vocational education system. To achieve the aim of the article, theoretical methods of cognition were used, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, content analysis, induction, and comparison. The results demonstrate that further development of vocational education in Ukraine is impossible without systemic changes in the legislation governing the educational sector and other important regulatory documents, such as the National Qualifications Framework, the classification of professions, as well as documentation from the National Qualifications Agency, etc. Overcoming problems in this area, such as clarifying professional areas and making them compliant with modern requirements, as well as eliminating outdated professions that do not meet modern technologies and processes, are important for adapting educational documents and standards to the requirements of the modern world.  In the process of developing new regulations in the field of vocational education, it is important to take into account existing international and European standards, which will allow Ukraine's European integration potential to be taken into account. A flexible response to changes in the labour market is also an important element of the reform. The conclusions note that harmonisation with European educational systems and finding resources for its implementation remains an important task, even in difficult conditions, including the military aggression of the Kremlin regime.
MANAGING ONLINE TEACHING ACTIVITIES AT VOCATIONAL COLLEGES
Authors: Dang SU Minh
Published: December 2023

Online teaching activities in recent years have achieved certain results. Most teachers and administrators of colleges and intermediate schools have practical experience in online training. However, this activity is still not highly effective due to a lack of systematicity and synchronization. Specifically, technical means for teaching and learning in difficult and remote areas are inadequate; Online teaching methods are unattractive. Besides, the classroom management method is not really appropriate. Based on an overview of previous studies, 203 people were surveyed (n = 203); in which, the management staff is 22 people (n1=22), the lecturers of vocational colleges are 181 people (n2=181). This study shows that if we want to improve online teaching activities at Vocational education establishments need to have appropriate management measures. This study also clearly shows the role and importance of managing online teaching activities at vocational education institutions. At the same time, based on assessing the current situation and analyzing the causes of problems, this study recommends management solutions to improve the quality of online teaching activities at vocational education institutions.
Online buying and selling with Salam Contract in the consumption behavior of millennial youth
Authors: Zahro Fathimatuz , Mursid Mansur Chadi
Published: December 2023

The era of globalization can be said to be the spread of habits that have become worldwide relationships in the social life on a larger scale, including in Indonesia, which is still in the category of developing countries. The current developing trend is buying and selling online, buying and selling online is a buying and selling transaction where the buyer must order first. In fiqh terms, it is called bay 'as-salam. This results in the occurrence of consumptive behavior, namely where a person's act of buying an item without any reasonable consideration that the person buying an item is not based on a need factor. This study aims to find out about buying and selling in the view of Islam, as well as the practice of buying and selling salam (orders) online and to find out the consumer behavior of millennial teenagers today. This study uses a qualitative method. The type of research used by the author is library research, a series of activities related to library data collection methods.
Predicting sharia commercial bank financial distress through financial liquidity ratio
Authors: Farohah Anissa Nurul , Dahruji Dahruji Dahruji
Published: December 2023

This study aims to predict the possibility of financial distress dominated by several liquidity ratios (Cash Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Current Ratio) at the Sharia General Bank in Indonesia. Researchers used logistics regression analysis research methodology. 12 Sharia General Bank registered with Bank Indonesia and Financial Services Authority in 2018, the first quarter to 2021, the fourth quarter used as a research sample. The results showed that the Cash Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Current Ratio had no negative effect on financial distress. With this research, researchers hope to provide an outline related to financial distress found by the Sharia General Bank and used as a focus on decision-making to address financial distress and minimize the occurrence of financial distress to address the problem.
The relationship between performance indicators and share prices of companies listed on sharia indices: a case study of S&P BSE 500 sharia index
Authors: Almonifi Yasser Saleh Ali , Bhosle Vasant Keshavrao
Published: December 2023

This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between performance indicators and share prices of companies listed on SP BSE 500 sharia index. Data were collected through the index’s closing price and financial reports of the ten top companies listed on SP BSE 500 Sharia index. This study identifies the most important indicators that affect share prices in stock exchanges: ROA, ROE, EPS, and P/ER using Panel method. The study findings indicate that EPS, ROA and ROE have non-significant impact SP, while P/ER has a significant positive on SP. This study highlights the development of companies’ performance indicators and the enhancing of investment strategies for stakeholders and investors. This study is contributing to the analysis of the relationship between the companies’ performance indicators listed on sharia indices and their shares prices.