bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reclassification of Geobacillus pallidus (Scholz et al. 1988) Banat et al. 2004 as Aeribacillus pallidus gen. nov., comb. nov.
Authors: Miñana-Galbis David , Pinzón Dora L. , Lorén J. Gaspar , Manresa Àngels , Oliart-Ros Rosa M.
Published: November 2009

AlthoughAnoxybacillusandGeobacillus, two genera of thermophilic bacteria close to the genusBacillus, have only been described recently, the number of species in these genera has increased rapidly. Four thermophilic, lipolytic strains (DR01, DR02, DR03 and DR04) isolated from a hot spring in Veracruz (Mexico), which could not be identified phenotypically, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three strains were identified as belonging to the genusAnoxybacillus, but strain DR03 was identified asGeobacillus pallidus. This result led us to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the generaAnoxybacillusandGeobacillusbased on 16S rRNA gene sequences from all the type strains of these genera. Phylogenetic trees showed three major clusters,Anoxybacillus–Geobacillus tepidamans,Geobacillussensu strictoandGeobacillus pallidus, while the 16S rRNA gene sequences ofG. pallidus(DR03 and the type strain) showed low similarity to sequences ofAnoxybacillus(92.5–95.1 %) andGeobacillus(92.8–94.5 %) species, as well as toBacillus subtilis(92.2–92.4 %). In addition,G. palliduscould be differentiated fromAnoxybacillusandGeobacilluson the basis of DNA G+C content and fatty acid and polar lipid profiles. From these results, it is proposed thatGeobacillus pallidusshould be classified in a novel genus, for which we propose the nameAeribacillus, asAeribacillus pallidusgen. nov., comb. nov. The type strain ofAeribacillus pallidusis H12T(=ATCC 51176T=DSM 3670T=LMG 19006T).
Bacillus trypoxylicola sp. nov., xylanase-producing alkaliphilic bacteria isolated from the guts of Japanese horned beetle larvae (Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis)
Authors: Aizawa Tomoko , Urai Makoto , Iwabuchi Noriyuki , Nakajima Mutsuyasu , Sunairi Michio
Published: November 2009

Three xylanase-producing alkaliphilic strains, SU1T, 36AC4 and 36AC6, were isolated from the guts of larvae of the Japanese horned beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis).The isolates stained Gram-positive and were aerobic, spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped and grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 9. They contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0and iso-C17 : 0as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of the strains were 37.4–37.7 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these strains were shown to belong to the genusBacillus.Although their 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of the alkaliphilic speciesBacillus pseudalcaliphilusandB. alcalophiluswas 97 %, the novel isolates formed a distinct group in the phylogenetic trees and DNA–DNA relatedness values to the type strains of these species were less than 30 %. Results of physiological and biochemical tests, including salt preference, enabled these strains to be differentiated phenotypically from describedBacillusspecies. Therefore, strains SU1T, 36AC4 and 36AC6 represent a novel species for which the nameBacillus trypoxylicolasp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is SU1T(=NBRC 102646T=KCTC 13244T).
Staphylococcus massiliensis sp. nov., isolated from a human brain abscess
Authors: Al Masalma Mouhamad , Raoult Didier , Roux Véronique
Published: November 2009

Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, non-motile, non-fermentative and novobiocin-susceptible cocci were isolated from a human brain abscess sample (strain 5402776T). This novel strain was analysed by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The respiratory quinones detected were MK-7 (93 %) and MK-6 (7 %) and the major fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso (60.5 %), C17 : 0 iso (8.96 %) C15 : 0 anteiso (7.93 %) and C19 : 0 iso (6.78 %). The peptidoglycan type was A3α
l-Lys-Gly2-3–l-Ser-Gly. Based on cellular morphology and biochemical criteria, the new isolate was assigned to the genus Staphylococcus, although it did not correspond to any recognized species. The G+C content of the DNA was 36.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the new isolate was most closely related to Staphylococcus piscifermentans, Staphylococcus condimenti, Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus, S. carnosus subsp. utilis and Staphylococcus simulans (97.7 %, 97.6 %, 97.6 %, 97.6 % and 96.5 % sequence similarity, respectively). Comparison of tuf, hsp60, rpoB, dnaJ and sodA gene sequences was also performed. In phylogenetic analysis inferred from tuf, dnaJ and rpoB gene sequence comparisons, strain 5402776T clustered with Staphylococcus pettenkoferi (93.7 %, 82.5 % and 89 % sequence similarity, respectively) and on phylogenetic analysis inferred from sodA gene sequence comparisons, it clustered with Staphylococcus chromogenes (82.8 %). On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, this isolate represents a novel species for which the name Staphylococcus massiliensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain 5402776T=CCUG 55927T=CSUR P23T).
Salinarimonas rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the α-2 subgroup of the Proteobacteria
Authors: Liu Ji-Hui , Wang Yong-Xia , Zhang Xiao-Xia , Wang Zhi-Gang , Chen Yi-Guang , Wen Meng-Liang , Xu Li-Hua , Peng Qian , Cui Xiao-Long
Published: November 2009

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, halotolerant bacterial strain, designated YIM YD3T, was isolated from a salt mine in Yunnan, south-west China. The taxonomy of strain YIM YD3T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Strain YIM YD3T was motile, formed pink colonies and was positive for catalase and oxidase activities. Q-10 was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unknown phospholipids. The major fatty acids (>10 % of total fatty acids) were C18 : 1
ω7c, C18 : 1
ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolate formed a distinct line within a clade containing the genera Balneimonas, Bosea, Chelatococcus and Microvirga in the order Rhizobiales, with highest levels of 16S RNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Balneimonas flocculans (93.5 %). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM YD3T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Salinarimonas rosea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with strain YIM YD3T (=KCTC 22346T=CCTCC AA208038T) as the type strain.
Thermus arciformis sp. nov., a thermophilic species from a geothermal area
Authors: Zhang Xin-Qi , Ying Yi , Ye Ying , Xu Xue-Wei , Zhu Xu-Fen , Wu Min
Published: November 2009

Two aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, non-sporulating, yellow-pigmented bacteria, strains TH92T and TH91, were isolated from a hot spring located in Laibin, Guangxi, in the south-eastern geothermal area of China. The isolates grew at 40–77 °C (optimally at 70 °C) and at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimally at pH 7.5–8.0). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and levels of DNA–DNA relatedness together indicated that the new isolates represented a novel species of the genus Thermus with closest affinity to Thermus
aquaticus, Thermus
igniterrae and Thermus
thermophilus. Compared with their closest relatives, strains TH92T and TH91 were able to assimilate a wider range of carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids as sole carbon sources for growth, such as lactose and melibiose. The new isolates had lower combined levels of C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 compared with their closest relatives. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strains TH92T and TH91 are considered to represent a single novel species of the genus Thermus, for which the name Thermus arciformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TH92T (=CGMCC 1.6992T =JCM 15153T).
Psychromonas boydii sp. nov., a gas-vacuolate, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from an Arctic sea-ice core
Authors: Auman Ann J. , Breezee Jennifer L. , Gosink John J. , Schumann Peter , Barnes Carmen R. , Kämpfer Peter , Staley James T.
Published: November 2009

A gas-vacuolate bacterium, strain 174T, was isolated from a sea-ice core collected from Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this bacterium was most closely related toPsychromonas ingrahamii37T, with a similarity of >99 %. However, strain 174Tcould be clearly distinguished from closely related species by DNA–DNA hybridization; relatedness values determined by two different methods between strain 174TandP. ingrahamii37Twere 58.4 and 55.7 % and those between strain 174TandPsychromonas antarcticaDSM 10704Twere 46.1 and 33.1 %, which are well below the 70 % level used to define a distinct species. Phenotypic analysis, including cell size (strain 174Tis the largest member of the genusPsychromonas, with rod-shaped cells, 8–18 μm long), further differentiated strain 174Tfrom other members of the genusPsychromonas. Strain 174Tcould be distinguished from its closest relative,P. ingrahamii, by its utilization ofd-mannose andd-xylose as sole carbon sources, its ability to fermentmyo-inositol and its inability to use fumarate and glycerol as sole carbon sources. In addition, strain 174Tcontained gas vacuoles of two distinct morphologies and grew at temperatures ranging from below 0 to 10 °C and its optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 3.5 %. The DNA G+C content was 40 mol%. Whole-cell fatty acid analysis showed that 16 : 1ω7cand 16 : 0 comprised 44.9 and 26.4 % of the total fatty acid content, respectively. The namePsychromonas boydiisp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with strain 174T(=DSM 17665T=CCM 7498T) as the type strain.
Meiothermus cateniformans sp. nov., a slightly thermophilic species from north-eastern China
Authors: Zhang Xin-Qi , Zhang Wen-Jie , Wei Bo-Ping , Xu Xue-Wei , Zhu Xu-Fen , Wu Min
Published: November 2009

Two aerobic, non-motile and non-sporulating bacteria, strains LY1Tand L462, were recovered from a hot spring located in the Qianshan area of north-eastern China. The novel strains had Gram-negative cell walls and grew at 30–66 °C (optimum 55–60 °C) and pH 5.5–10.0 (optimum pH 8.0–8.5).16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis revealed that strains LY1Tand L462 were most closely related toMeiothermus ruberATCC 35948T,M. taiwanensisWR-30TandM. cerbereusGY-1T, with 97.1–98.4 % sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new isolates represented a novel species by forming a distinctive lineage within genusMeiothermus, which was confirmed by DNA–DNA reassociation values. Strain LY1Twas obviously different from its closest relatives in a number of phenotypic characteristics, such as the inability to hydrolyse casein or to assimilate melibiose, trehalose, sucrose and lactose. Strain L462 was distinct in its ability to reduce nitrate. In addition, the novel strains were distinct in having larger amounts of anteiso-C17 : 0than their closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic characterization, the nameMeiothermus cateniformanssp. nov. is proposed for the novel species, currently represented by the type strain LY1T(=CGMCC 1.6990T=JCM 15151T) and strain L462 (=CGMCC 1.6989 =JCM 15150).
Parabirojimia multinucleata spec. nov. and Anteholosticha scutellum (Cohn, 1866) Berger, 2003, marine ciliates (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from tropical waters in southern China, with notes on their small-subunit rRNA gene sequences
Authors: Chen Xiangrui , Gao Shan , Song Weibo , Al-Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Warren Alan , Gong Jun , Lin Xiaofeng
Published: November 2009

Few studies using modern methods have been carried out on ciliated protozoa in tropical marine waters. In the present work, two hypotrichs,Parabirojimia multinucleataspec. nov. andAnteholosticha scutellum(Cohn, 1866) Berger, 2003, collected from Daya Bay in southern China, were investigated morphologically.P. multinucleatais distinguished by the following combination of characters: slender body, without a snout-like protrusion in the frontal field, and about 50 macronuclear nodules. The poorly knownA. scutellumhas never been investigated using modern methods; hence, a redescription is needed. During the present study, observations of specimensin vivoand following protargol impregnation revealed new information concerning structures such as the cortical granules and the infraciliature. A redescription and improved diagnosis are supplied based on the China population. The small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was sequenced for both organisms and comparisons with those of similar congeners clearly support the findings based on morphological studies.
Pedobacter glucosidilyticus sp. nov., isolated from dry riverbed soil
Authors: Luo Xuesong , Wang Zhang , Dai Jun , Zhang Lei , Li Jun , Tang Yali , Wang Yang , Fang Chengxiang
Published: November 2009

Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains, 1-2T and 1-4 were isolated from dry riverbed soil collected from the Xietongmen area of Tibet, China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the novel strains were shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter, sharing <95 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c). The DNA G+C contents were 37.2–37.6 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of the two new isolates to the genus Pedobacter and the results of physiological and biochemical tests confirmed that the new strains differed significantly from the recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. Therefore, the new isolates represent a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter glucosidilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1-2T (=CCTCC AB 206110T=KCTC 22438T).
Mangrovibacter plantisponsor gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka)
Authors: Rameshkumar N. , Lang Elke , Nair Sudha
Published: November 2009

A facultatively anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, strain MSSRF40T, was isolated from roots of mangrove-associated wild rice (Porteresia coarctata Tateoka). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain MSSRF40T was shown to belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae, most closely related to Cronobacter muytjensii E603T (97.2 % sequence similarity), Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens LMG 2683T (97.1 %), E. radicincitans D5/23T (97.1 %) and E. ludwigii EN-119T (97.0 %). Sequence analysis of rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes showed that strain MSSRF40T had relatively low sequence similarity (<91, <84 and <90 %) to recognized species of different genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae and formed an independent phyletic lineage in all phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes, clearly indicating that strain MSSRF40T could not be affiliated to any of the recognized genera within the family Enterobacteriaceae. The dominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1
ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and C18 : 1
ω7c, similar to those of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C content was 50.1 mol%. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and phenotypic differences from its phylogenetic neighbours indicated that strain MSSRF40T represents a novel species and genus within the family Enterobacteriaceae, for which the name Mangrovibacter plantisponsor gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Mangrovibacter plantisponsor is strain MSSRF40T (=LMG 24236T =DSM 19579T).
Jeotgalibacillus salarius sp. nov., isolated from a marine saltern, and reclassification of Marinibacillus marinus and Marinibacillus campisalis as Jeotgalibacillus marinus comb. nov. and Jeotgalibacillus campisalis comb. nov., respectively
Authors: Yoon Jung-Hoon , Kang So-Jung , Schumann Peter , Oh Tae-Kwang
Published: November 2009

A Gram-variable, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, ASL-1T, was isolated from a marine saltern located on the coast of the Yellow Sea, Korea. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ASL-1Tclustered withJeotgalibacillus alimentariusYKJ-13Tand that this cluster joined the clade comprising the type strains of twoMarinibacillusspecies. Strain ASL-1Texhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.3 % toJ.alimentariusYKJ-13Tand 96.5 % to the type strains ofMarinibacillus marinusandMarinibacillus campisalis. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain ASL-1Twere similar to those of one or two of the generaJeotgalibacillusandMarinibacillus.The peptidoglycan type was A1αlinked directly throughl-lysine as the diamino acid. Strain ASL-1Tcontained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount of MK-8. The predominant fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 42.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain ASL-1Tcould be differentiated fromJ.alimentariusand the twoMarinibacillusspecies. On the basis of the data presented, strain ASL-1Trepresents a novel species within the genusJeotgalibacillus, for which the nameJeotgalibacillus salariussp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASL-1T(=KCTC 13257T=CCUG 56751T). It is also proposed thatMarinibacillus marinusandMarinibacillus campisalisbe reclassified asJeotgalibacillus marinuscomb. nov. (type strain 581T=DSM 1297T=ATCC 29841T=CCUG 28884T=CIP 103308T=LMG 6930T) andJeotgalibacillus campisaliscomb. nov. (type strain SF-57T=KCCM 41644T=JCM 11810T), respectively.
Actinophytocola oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the roots of Thai glutinous rice plants, a new member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae
Authors: Indananda Chantra , Matsumoto Atsuko , Inahashi Yuki , Takahashi Yoko , Duangmal Kannika , Thamchaipenet Arinthip
Published: November 2009

A novel endophytic actinomycete, strain GMKU 367T, was isolated from roots of Thai glutinous rice plants (Oryza sativaL. ‘RD6’) collected from Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, Pathum Thani province, Thailand. Strain GMKU 367Tformed cylindrical spores on aerial mycelium, but sporangium-like structures and fragmentation of substrate mycelium were not observed. The cell-wall amino acids containedmeso-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid and acetylated muramic acid. The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose and ribose. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0and C16 : 0. The diagnostic menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that strain GMKU 367Tdiffered from members of the familyPseudonocardiaceae. On the basis of the evidence presented in this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain GMKU 367Trepresents a novel species in a new genus in the familyPseudonocardiaceae, with the nameActinophytocola oryzaegen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain ofActinophytocola oryzaeis GMKU 367T(=BCC 31372T=NBRC 105245T).
Transfer of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus edaphicus to the genus Paenibacillus as Paenibacillus mucilaginosus comb. nov. and Paenibacillus edaphicus comb. nov.
Authors: Hu Xiu-Fang , Li Shi-Xiao , Wu Jin-Guang , Wang Jian-Feng , Fang Qiong-Lou , Chen Ji-Shuang
Published: November 2009

Bacillus mucilaginosusandBacillus edaphicuswere reclassified based on their 16S rRNA andgyrBgene sequences, DNA–DNA hybridization, fatty acid methyl esters and other taxonomic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA andgyrBgene sequences indicated that strains ofB. mucilaginosusandB. edaphicuswere members of the genusPaenibacillus, with over 90.4 % and 70.3 % sequence similarity, respectively. Their DNA G+C contents were 54.5–56.8 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values ofB. edaphicusVKPM B-7517TwithB. mucilaginosusKNP414 andB. mucilaginosusCGMCC 1.236 were 89.2 % and 88.7 %, respectively. The major isoprenoid quinone ofB. mucilaginosusandB. edaphicuswas MK-7 (94.1–95.7 %). The peptidoglycan type was A1γ(meso-diaminopimelic acid) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω11cand C16 : 0. Phenotypic features and fatty acid profiles supported the similarity ofB. mucilaginosusandB. edaphicustoPaenibacillus validusCCTCC 95016Tand confirmed their relationship with members of the genusPaenibacillus. Therefore, it is proposed thatBacillus mucilaginosusandBacillus edaphicusbe transferred to the genusPaenibacillusasPaenibacillus mucilaginosuscomb. nov. (type strain HSCC 1605T=VKPM B-7519T=VKM B-1480DT=CIP 105815T=KCTC 3870T) andPaenibacillus edaphicuscomb. nov. (type strain VKPM B-7517T=DSM 12974T=CIP 105814T), respectively.
Cobetia crustatorum sp. nov., a novel slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from traditional fermented seafood in Korea
Authors: Kim Min-Soo , Roh Seong Woon , Bae Jin-Woo
Published: November 2009

A slightly halophilic, Gram-stain-negative, straight-rod-shaped aerobe, strain JO1T, was isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Cells were observed singly or in pairs and had 2–5 peritrichous flagella. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C, in 6.5 % (w/v) salts and at pH 5.0–6.0. Strain JO1Twas oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Cells did not reduce fumarate, nitrate or nitrite on respiration. Acid was produced from several carbohydrates and the strain utilized many sugars and amino acids as carbon and nitrogen sources. The main fatty acids were C12 : 03-OH, C16 : 0, C17 : 0cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 02-OH). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments with strain JO1TandCobetia marinaDSM 4741Trevealed 24 % relatedness, although high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.9 %) was observed between these strains. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolate from jeotgal should be classified as a representative of a novel species,Cobetia crustatorumsp. nov., with strain JO1T(=KCTC 22486T=JCM 15644T) as the type strain.
Lactobacillus equicursoris sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of a thoroughbred racehorse
Authors: Morita Hidetoshi , Shimazu Mitsuharu , Shiono Hiroshi , Toh Hidehiro , Nakajima Fumihiko , Akita Hiroaki , Takagi Misako , Takami Hideto , Murakami Masaru , Masaoka Toshio , Tanabe Soichi , Hattori Masahira
Published: November 2009

We previously isolated five strains of putative lactobacilli from the faeces of a thoroughbred horse (a 4-year-old male). Of the five strains, four were identified as members of existing Lactobacillus species; however, sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the fifth isolate, DI70T, showed approximately 97 % identity (1325/1366 bp) with the type strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Therefore, we considered the possibility that DI70T represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus. Cells of strain DI70T were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods. In phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain DI70T formed a subcluster in the L. delbrueckii phylogenetic group and was closely related to L. delbrueckii, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii. However, analysis of DNA–DNA relatedness showed that DI70T was genetically distinct from its phylogenetic relatives. The isolate also exhibited distinct biochemical and physiological characteristics when compared with its phylogenetic relatives. It required anaerobic conditions for growth on agar medium. The results indicate that isolate DI70T indeed represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which we propose the name Lactobacillus equicursoris sp. nov. The type strain is DI70T (=JCM 14600T =DSM 19284T).
Flavobacterium algicola sp. nov., isolated from marine algae
Authors: Miyashita Mika , Fujimura Shuki , Nakagawa Yasuyoshi , Nishizawa Makoto , Tomizuka Noboru , Nakagawa Tomoyuki , Nakagawa Junichi
Published: November 2009

A rod-shaped Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, aerobic and fucoidan-digesting strain, designated TC2T, was isolated from marine algae collected from the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk at Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan. The bacterium formed yellow, translucent, circular and convex colonies. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Flavobacterium, with the highest sequence similarities of 97.1 to 97.3 % to the type strains of Flavobacterium frigidarium, Flavobacterium frigoris, Flavobacterium limicola and Flavobacterium psychrolimnae. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain TC2T and the above-mentioned species were lower than 28 %. The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.9 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (which comprises iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1
ω7c). Strain TC2T could be differentiated from related species by several phenotypic characteristics. Thus, on the basis of these results, strain TC2T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TC2T (=NBRC 102673T =CIP 109574T).
Thermodesulfatator atlanticus sp. nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent
Authors: Alain Karine , Postec Anne , Grinsard Elodie , Lesongeur Françoise , Prieur Daniel , Godfroy Anne
Published: November 2009

A novel, strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain AT1325T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent at the Rainbow site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This strain was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. Cells were Gram-negative motile rods (approximately 2.4×0.6 μm) with a single polar flagellum. Strain AT1325Tgrew at 55–75 °C (optimum, 65–70 °C), at pH 5.5–8.0 (optimum, 6.5–7.5) and in the presence of 1.5–4.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5 %). Cells grew chemolithoautotrophically with H2as an energy source andas an electron acceptor. Alternatively, the novel isolate was able to use methylamine, peptone or yeast extract as carbon sources. The dominant fatty acids (>5 % of the total) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0and C19 : 0cycloω8c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain AT1325Twas 45.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain AT1325Twithin the familyThermodesulfobacteriaceae, in the bacterial domain. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AT1325Tbelonged to the genusThermodesulfatator, sharing 97.8 % similarity with the type strain ofThermodesulfatator indicus,the unique representative species of this genus. On the basis of the data presented, it is suggested that strain AT1325Trepresents a novel species of the genusThermodesulfatator, for which the nameThermodesulfatator atlanticussp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AT1325T(=DSM 21156T=JCM 15391T).
Amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri and Xanthomonas campestris pv. bilvae
Authors: Bui Thi Ngoc Lan , Vernière Christian , Jouen Emmanuel , Ah-You Nathalie , Lefeuvre Pierre , Chiroleu Frédéric , Gagnevin Lionel , Pruvost Olivier
Published: November 2009

Three pathogenic variants (i.e. pathotypes) have been described withinXanthomonas citripv.citri, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. Pathotype A strains naturally infect a wide range ofCitrusspecies and members of some related genera. In contrast, pathotypes A* and Awhave narrow host ranges within the genusCitrusand have been isolated from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifoliaL.) and from Mexican lime and alemow (Citrus macrophyllaL.), respectively. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on four partial housekeeping gene sequences (atpD,dnaK,efpandgyrB) for the genotypic classification ofXanthomonas citripv.citriand the poorly characterized citrus pathogenXanthomonas campestrispv.bilvae. A Mantel test showed that genetic distances derived from AFLP and MLSA were highly correlated.X. campestrispv.bilvaeshowed a close relatedness to the type strain ofX. citri, indicating that this pathovar should be reclassified asX. citripv.bilvae. All pathotype A* and Awstrains were most closely related toX. citripv.citristrains with a wide host range (pathotype A), confirming previous DNA–DNA hybridization data. Pathotype Awshould be considered a junior synonym of pathotype A* on the basis of pathogenicity tests, AFLP, MLSA and PCR using pathovar-specific primers. Evolutionary genome divergences computed from AFLP data suggested that pathotype A* (including Awstrains) is a group of strains that shows a wider genetic diversity than pathotype A.
Description of Eurystomatella sinica n. gen., n. sp., with establishment of a new family Eurystomatellidae n. fam. (Protista, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia) and analyses of its phylogeny inferred from sequences of the small-subunit rRNA gene
Authors: Miao Miao , Wang Yangang , Song Weibo , Clamp John C. , Al-Rasheid Khaled A. S.
Published: November 2009

Recently, an undescribed marine ciliate was isolated from China. Investigation of its morphology and infraciliature revealed it as an undescribed species representing a new genus,Eurystomatellan. gen., the type of the new family Eurystomatellidae n. fam. The new family is defined by close-set, apically positioned oral membranelles and a dominant buccal field that is surrounded by an almost completely circular paroral membrane. The new genus is defined by having a small oral membranelle 1 (M1), bipartite M2 and well-developed M3, a body surface faintly sculptured with a silverline system in a quadrangular, reticulate pattern and a cytostome located at the anterior third of a large buccal field. The type species of the new genus,Eurystomatella sinican. sp., is a morphologically unique form that is defined mainly by the combination of a conspicuously flattened body, several caudal cilia, extremely long cilia associated with the buccal apparatus and a contractile vacuole located subcaudally. According to phylogenetic analyses of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences,Eurystomatellaclusters with the genusCyclidium, as a sister group to the family Pleuronematidae. The great divergence in both buccal and somatic ciliature betweenEurystomatellaand all other known scuticociliates supports the establishment of a new family forEurystomatella.
Meridianimaribacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from marine sediment of the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Baojiang , Sun Fengqin , Du Yaping , Liu Xiupian , Li Guangyu , Lai Qiliang , Luo Jie , Shao Zongze
Published: November 2009

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain NH57NT, isolated from sandy sediment in the Mischief Reef of the South China Sea, was characterized based on its physiological and biochemical features, fatty acid profile and phylogenetic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed a clear affiliation with the family Flavobacteriaceae. Strain NH57NT showed the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genera Gaetbulibacter, Gelidibacter, Subsaxibacter, Subsaximicrobium and Yeosuana; levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NH57NT and the type strains of related species ranged from 94.9 to 91.2 %. Cells of strain NH57NT were motile by gliding and grew on solid media as yellow colonies at 9–37 °C, pH 6.5–8.5 and in the presence of 0.5–4.0 % NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 32.7 mol% and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 (22.7 % of the total), iso-C15 : 0 (20.7 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (9.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (8.3 %), C15 : 0 (7.8 %) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (5.8 %). Based on the physiological and phylogenetic data, and on the fatty acid composition, strain NH57NT is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Meridianimaribacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Meridianimaribacter flavus is NH57NT (=CCTCC AB 208318T=LMG 24839T=MCCC 1A03544T).
Pontibacillus litoralis sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from a sea anemone, and emended description of the genus Pontibacillus
Authors: Chen Yi-Guang , Zhang Yu-Qin , Yi Lang-Bo , Li Zhao-Yang , Wang Yong-Xiao , Xiao Huai-Dong , Chen Qi-Hui , Cui Xiao-Long , Li Wen-Jun
Published: November 2009

A facultatively anaerobic, moderately halophilic, Gram-positive, endospore-forming, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, strain JSM 072002T, was isolated from a sea anemone (Anthopleura xanthogrammica) collected from the South China Sea. Strain JSM 072002T was able to grow with 0.5–15 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0–10.0 and 15–50 °C; optimum growth was observed with 2–5 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5 and 35 °C. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 41.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 072002T should be assigned to the genus Pontibacillus and revealed relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<97 %) with the type strains of the three recognized Pontibacillus species (Pontibacillus chungwhensis BH030062T, 96.8 %; Pontibacillus marinus KCTC 3917T, 96.7 %; Pontibacillus halophilus JSM 076056T, 96.0 %). The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness values, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supports the view that strain JSM 072002T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacillus, for which the name Pontibacillus litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 072002T (=DSM 21186T=KCTC 13237T). An emended description of the genus Pontibacillus is also presented.
Luteipulveratus mongoliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterial taxon in the family Dermacoccaceae
Authors: Ara Ismet , Yamamura Hideki , Tsetseg Baljinova , Daram Damdinsuren , Ando Katsuhiko
Published: November 2009

A novel actinobacterial strain, MN07-A0370T, was isolated from Mongolian soil and its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies revealed that strain MN07-A0370Trepresented a novel lineage within the actinobacteria. Strain MN07-A0370Tformed a distinct clade in the familyDermacoccaceaeand was most closely related to the members of the generaDermacoccus(16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 96.2 %–96.4 %),Demetria(94.1 %) andKytococcus(93.7 %). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel strain containedl-lysine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and serine and represented peptidoglycan type A4α. The menaquinones were MK-8(H4) and MK-8(H6). The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose and glucose. Mycolic acids were absent. The fatty acid profile was characterized by the presence of large amounts of saturated iso- and anteiso-branched-chain fatty acids as well as smaller amounts of saturated straight-chain and unsaturated acids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 1H, C17 : 1ω9cand C17 : 010-methyl. The G+C content of the DNA was 68.2 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical differences from other genera of the familyDermacoccaceae, strain MN07-A0370Tshould be classified as representing a novel species in a new genus, for which we propose the nameLuteipulveratus mongoliensisgen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is MN07-A0370T(=NBRC 105296T=VTCC D9-09T).
Lechevalieria atacamensis sp. nov., Lechevalieria deserti sp. nov. and Lechevalieria roselyniae sp. nov., isolated from hyperarid soils
Authors: Okoro Chinyere K. , Bull Alan T. , Mutreja Ankur , Rong Xiaoying , Huang Ying , Goodfellow Michael
Published: November 2009

The taxonomic positions of three Lechevalieria-like strains isolated from hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile, were established by using a polyphasic approach. The organisms had chemical and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Lechevalieria. They formed a distinct subclade in the Lechevalieria 16S rRNA gene clade and were most closely related to the type strain of Lechevalieria xinjiangensis. DNA–DNA relatedness data showed that each of the isolates and Lechevalieria xinjiangensis DSM 45081T belong to distinct genomic species. The new isolates and the type strains of recognized Lechevalieria species were readily distinguished based on a number of phenotypic properties. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the three isolates represent three novel species of the genus Lechevalieria. The names proposed for these taxa are Lechevalieria atacamensis sp. nov. (type strain C61T =CGMCC 4.5536T =NRRL B-24706T), Lechevalieria deserti sp. nov. (type strain C68T =CGMCC 4.5535T =NRRL B-24707T) and Lechevalieria roselyniae sp. nov. (type strain C81T =CGMCC 4.5537T =NRRL B-24708T).
Natronomonas moolapensis sp. nov., non-alkaliphilic isolates recovered from a solar saltern crystallizer pond, and emended description of the genus Natronomonas
Authors: Burns David G. , Janssen Peter H. , Itoh Takashi , Minegishi Hiroaki , Usami Ron , Kamekura Masahiro , Dyall-Smith Mike L.
Published: November 2009

Two isolates of non-alkaliphilic, extremely halophilic archaea, with very similar characteristics, were recovered from a marine solar saltern crystallizer. Cells were pleomorphic, motile and Gram-stain-negative and grew on a limited range of carbon sources, with pyruvate being the best substrate. Optimum growth occurred at 18–20 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 6.0–8.5 and 37–40 °C. Both isolates possessed typical archaeal lipids, and their 16S rRNA gene sequences were 99.8 % identical. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions indicated that they were most closely related to the haloalkaliphile Natronomonas pharaonis (97.5 % similarity to the type strain), but the different phenotypic properties and low DNA–DNA hybridization values between Nmn. pharaonis DSM 2160T and the two isolates suggested that they represent a novel species within the genus Natronomonas. The name Natronomonas moolapensis sp. nov. is proposed for these isolates, with the type strain being 8.8.11T (=JCM 14361T =CECT 7526T =DSM 18674T). An emended description of the genus Natronomonas is also provided.
Chryseobacterium palustre sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium humi sp. nov., isolated from industrially contaminated sediments
Authors: Pires Carlos , Carvalho Maria F. , De Marco Paolo , Magan Naresh , Castro Paula M. L.
Published: November 2009

Two Gram-staining-negative bacterial strains, designated 3A10T and ECP37T, were isolated from sediment samples collected from an industrially contaminated site in northern Portugal. These two organisms were rod-shaped, non-motile, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive and formed yellow colonies. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1
ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the DNA of strains 3A10T and ECP37T was 43 and 34 mol%, respectively. The major isoprenoid quinone of the two strains was MK-6. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strains 3A10T and ECP37T were members of the family Flavobacteriaceae and were related phylogenetically to the genus Chryseobacterium. Strain 3A10T showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.2 and 96.6 % to the type strains of Chryseobacterium antarcticum and Chryseobacterium jeonii, respectively; strain ECP37T showed 97.3 % similarity to the type strain of Chryseobacterium marinum. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed levels of genomic relatedness of <70 % between strains 3A10T and ECP37T and between these two strains and the type strains of C. marinum, C. antarcticum and C. jeonii, justifying their classification as representing two novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium. The names proposed for these organisms are Chryseobacterium palustre sp. nov. (type strain 3A10T =LMG 24685T =NBRC 104928T) and Chryseobacterium humi sp. nov. (type strain ECP37T =LMG 24684T =NBRC 104927T).
Thermocrinis minervae sp. nov., a hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing, thermophilic member of the Aquificales from a Costa Rican terrestrial hot spring
Authors: Caldwell Sara L. , Liu Yitai , Ferrera Isabel , Beveridge Terry , Reysenbach Anna-Louise
Published: November 2009

A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain CR11T, was isolated from a filamentous sample collected from a terrestrial hot spring on the south-western foothills of the Rincón volcano in Costa Rica. The Gram-negative cells are approximately 2.4–3.9 μm long and 0.5–0.6 μm wide and are motile rods with polar flagella. Strain CR11Tgrows between 65 and 85 °C (optimum 75 °C, doubling time 4.5 h) and between pH 4.8 and 7.8 (optimum pH 5.9–6.5). The isolate grows chemolithotrophically with S0,or H2as the electron donor and with O2(up to 16 %, v/v) as the sole electron acceptor. The isolate can grow on mannose, glucose, maltose, succinate, peptone, Casamino acids, starch, citrate and yeast extract in the presence of oxygen (4 %) and S0. Growth occurs only at NaCl concentrations below 0.4 % (w/v). The G+C content of strain CR11Tis 40.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence places the strain as a close relative ofThermocrinis ruberOC 1/4T(95.7 % sequence similarity). Based on phylogenetic and physiological characteristics, we propose the nameThermocrinis minervaesp. nov., with CR11T(=DSM 19557T=ATCC BAA-1533T) as the type strain.
Amycolicicoccus subflavus gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a saline soil contaminated by crude oil
Authors: Wang Ya-Nan , Chi Chang-Qiao , Cai Man , Lou Zhi-Ying , Tang Yue-Qin , Zhi Xiao-Yang , Li Wen-Jun , Wu Xiao-Lei , Du Xun
Published: November 2009

Two novel actinomycetes, designated DQS3-9A1T and DQS3-9A2, were isolated from a saline soil contaminated with crude oil in the Shengli Oilfield in China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the two strains were most closely related to Mycobacterium species (92.7–94.9 % similarities), and formed a distinct lineage in the suborder Corynebacterineae. In addition, the major sugars in the cell wall, arabinose and galactose, supported the affiliation of strain DQS3-9A1T with members of the family Mycobacteriaceae. However, strain DQS3-9A1T did not contain mycolic acids and MK-8 (85.5 %) was the major menaquinone for both isolates. The major cellular fatty acids for strain DQS3-9A1T were C16 : 0 (20.5 %), 10-methyl C17 : 0 (19.3 %), 10-methyl C18 : 0 (16.1 %), summed feature 3 (11.4 %), C15 : 0 (11.3 %), C17 : 0 (5.0 %) and C17 : 1
ω8c (5.0 %). The polar lipids of strain DQS3-9A1T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown glucosamine-containing phospholipid. These chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain DQS3-9A1T differs from the present members of the suborder Corynebacterineae. Therefore, the creation of Amycolicicoccus subflavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with DQS3-9A1T (=DSM 45089T=CGMCC 4.3532T) as the type strain.
Amycolatopsis tucumanensis sp. nov., a copper-resistant actinobacterium isolated from polluted sediments
Authors: Albarracín Virginia Helena , Alonso-Vega Pablo , Trujillo Martha E. , Amoroso María Julia , Abate Carlos Mauricio
Published: November 2009

A novel actinomycete strain, ABOT, isolated from copper-polluted sediments showed remarkable copper resistance as well as high bioaccumulation abilities. Classical taxonomic methods, including chemotaxonomy and molecular techniques, were used to characterize the isolate. Strain ABOTdeveloped a honey-yellow substrate mycelium on all ISP media tested. Abundant, white, aerial mycelium was only formed on ISP 2, 5 and 7 and MM agar. Both types of hyphae fragmented into squarish rod-shaped elements. The aerial mycelium displayed spore-like structures with smooth surfaces in long, straight to flexuous chains. The organism has a type-IV cell wall lacking mycolic acids and type-A whole-cell sugar pattern (meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose) in addition to a phospholipid type-II profile. 16S rRNA gene sequence studies indicated that this organism is a member of the familyPseudonocardiaceaeand that it forms a monophyletic clade withAmycolatopsis eurythermaNT202T. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain ABOTtoA. eurythermaDSM 44348Twas 39.5 %. It is evident from these genotypic and phenotypic data that strain ABOTrepresents a novel species in the genusAmycolatopsis, for which the name proposed isAmycolatopsis tucumanensissp. nov. The type strain is ABOT(=DSM 45259T=LMG 24814T).
Flavobacterium caeni sp. nov., isolated from a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of malachite green effluents
Authors: Liu Ying , Jin Jing-Hua , Zhou Yu-Guang , Liu Hong-Can , Liu Zhi-Pei
Published: November 2009

A Gram-stain-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial strain, designated LM5T, was isolated from activated sludge from a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of effluents contaminated by malachite green. The taxonomy of strain LM5T was studied by phenotypic and phylogenetic methods. Strain LM5T formed orange colonies on R2A and YP plates. Cells were rods, 0.4–0.6 μm in diameter and 0.8–1.2 μm in length. Growth occurred at 10–35 °C (optimum, 20–25 °C), at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 6.5–7.5) and in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Oxidase and catalase activities were present. Flexirubin-type pigments were present, but extracellular glycans were absent. MK-6 was the major respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (28.3 %) and iso-C17 : 1
ω9c (13.8 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain LM5T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium with highest sequence similarity to Flavobacterium soli DS-6T (93.2 %) and Flavobacterium lindanitolerans IP-10T (92.9 %). Together with F. lindanitolerans IP-10T, strain LM5T formed a distinct lineage in the phylogenetic tree. The DNA G+C content was 52±0.6 mol% (HPLC), which is significantly higher than that of other species of the genus Flavobacterium (30–41 mol%). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain LM5T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium caeni sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LM5T (=CGMCC 1.7031T=NBRC 104239T).
Aliivibrio finisterrensis sp. nov., isolated from Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum and emended description of the genus Aliivibrio
Authors: Beaz-Hidalgo Roxana , Doce Alejandra , Balboa Sabela , Barja Juan L. , Romalde Jesús L.
Published: November 2009

Four strains isolated from cultured Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in the north-western coast of Spain were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these bacteria were closely related to Aliivibrio wodanis, Aliivibrio salmonicida, Aliivibrio fischeri and Aliivibrio logei with sequence similarities between 98.1 and 96.0 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RNA polymerase alpha chain (rpoA), RecA protein (recA), the α-subunit of bacterial ATP synthase (atpA) and the uridine monophosphate (UMP) kinase (pyrH) genes and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism experiments clearly showed that these novel isolates form a tight genomic group different from any currently known Aliivibrio species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data, the four strains represent a novel taxon, for which the name Aliivibrio finisterrensis sp. nov. is proposed. Several phenotypic features were revealed that discriminate A. finisterrensis from other Aliivibrio species. The type strain is CMJ 11.1T (=CECT 7228T=LMG 23869T).