bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma unmasked by Vedolizumab in a patient with ulcerative colitis and well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Ajao Susanne O. , Jayasingam Rajasingam , Shaaban Hamid
Published: September 2021

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) was first described by Moritz Kaposi as a vascular tumor that mainly involves the skin but can affect any organ system. It is typically an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining illness but has emerged as a neoplasm also seen in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Few KS cases have been reported in the literature associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. We report the case of a 39-year-old male with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who presented to the hospital with new skin lesions shortly after the initiation of vedolizumab to treat his refractory UC. Immunohistochemistry of the skin lesions was consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma secondary to human herpesvirus-8. This is a rare case of iatrogenic KS in a well-controlled HIV patient secondary to immunosuppressive therapy.
Neonatal Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Bawazeer Manal , Alsalamah Raghad K. , Almazrooa Dalal Raed , Alanazi Shaden Khalaf , Alsaif Nada Saif , Alsubayyil Reem Saud , Althubaiti Alaa , Mahmoud Aly Farouk
Published: September 2021

Background:

The neonatal period is important for establishing a strong healthy foundation and is also associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to determine the rate of neonatal hospital readmission and to identify the associations between the neonatal age at readmission and the length of stay (LOS) during readmission, the outcome of readmission, and the associated maternal and neonatal factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed by reviewing the medical records of 570 neonates who were born in and readmitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through emergency and outpatient clinics from January 2016 to December 2018.

Results:

The neonatal readmission rate during the study period was 2.11%. The most common causes for readmission were respiratory diseases (24.9%), jaundice (22.1%), and fever to rule out sepsis (16.7%). Sex and breastfeeding were significantly associated with neonatal age at readmission (P = 0.025 and P = 0.017, respectively), but only breastfeeding was a significant predictor of age at readmission. Males were more likely to be admitted at the age >7 days, and exclusively formula-fed neonates were approximately three times the risk compared to exclusively breastfed neonates to be admitted at age >7 days (adjusted risk ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval). Neonates readmitted at ages >7 days had double the LOS as those readmitted at ages ≤7 days (P < 0.001). The outcomes (discharge or pediatric intensive care unit admission) had no significant association with neonatal age at readmission.

Conclusion:

The readmission rate was 2.11% and was most commonly due to respiratory diseases. Age at readmission was significantly associated with sex, breastfeeding, and LOS. Assessment of the factors associated with readmission before discharge may reduce the rate of readmission.
A Gershoni-Baruch Syndrome Variant or a New Association
Authors: Kaplanoglu Mustafa , Cevik Muhammer Ozgur , Bulbul Mehmet , Kaplanoğlu Dilek Kaya , Bagıs Haydar
Published: September 2021

A pregnant woman with no previous routine pregnancy follow-up referred to our obstetrics clinic. Ultrasonography revealed the presence of a fetal heartbeat 26 weeks and 4 days old. Polyhydramnios, omphalocele, a diaphragmatic hernia, left ventricular hypoplasia, an occipital bone defect, a fetal head in severe retroflexion, and exaggerated cervicothoracic lordosis were detected in the fetus. After obtaining parental consent, the board decided to terminate the pregnancy. An examination performed after the termination revealed that the fetus was female and weighed 780 g. The first phalanx of the left thumb was hypoplastic. An X-ray examination showed coat hanger–shaped costal fusions and cranial structures consistent with iniencephaly. Fetus karyotyping revealed a normal 46, XX female karyotype. We speculate that this case represents a variant of Gershoni-Baruch syndrome.
Qualitative observational assessment of the recommended hand rubbing technique amongst young healthcare workers at an academic hospital
Authors: Barry Mazin , Alotaibi Raghad , Alotaibi Farah , Alotaibi Lama
Published: September 2021

Background:

Hand hygiene (HH) is a major cornerstone in preventing hospital-acquired infections. The recommended six-step alcohol-based hand rubbing (ABHR) technique has not been qualitatively evaluated amongst young healthcare workers (HCWs) before.

Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study at an academic hospital was conducted in 2018; data collectors observed HCWs voluntarily perform ABHR, observing for the quality of the six steps of HH and recording the duration, and if they performed accessory removal then recorded total qualitative scores.

Results:

Three hundred and seventy-seven young HCWs were qualitatively observed, the mean age of participants was 24.1 years, 49.1% were female, only 10 (2.7%) completely fulfilled all six steps, 97.35% of HCWs had inadequate hand surface coverage and 69.23% did not achieve sufficient timing. The median scores, out of 12, for 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-year medical students, were 6.4, 7.2 and 7.5, respectively, while medical interns scored 7.4 and medical residents scored 7.5 (P = 0.016). Participants with previous HH training sessions scored higher with mean scores of 7.4 versus 6.3 (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:

The quality of ABHR practised by young HCWs lacked the appropriate coverage of full hands surface coverage and inadequate duration of time, special training and follow-up on the quality of ABHR technique for HCWs early in their career is warranted.
Partial exclusion of precipitation: throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception in Eucalyptus plantations in southern Brazil
Authors: Poleto Gian Carlos , Momolli Dione Richer , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Ludvichak Aline Aparecida , Santos Kristiana Fiorentin dos , Stahl James , Alvares Clayton Alcarde
Published: September 2021

Hydrological behavior in reforested watersheds is different from that under other forms of cover. The variation may be related to aspects intrinsic to species, planting density, physiological maturity, management system and climatic conditions. Periodically, climatic anomalies such as the case of La Ninã are observed, and these are responsible for the alteration of the rainfall regime and consequently generate water deficits in the southern region of Brazil. Water deficit is responsible for reducing growth and productivity for the Eucalyptus genus, in addition to causing changes in hydrological behavior in reforested watersheds. Accordingly, this study compared the partition of rainfall in throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception of eucalyptus trees submitted or not to partial exclusion of precipitation. In the open field, 3 rainfall collectors were installed, and in the stand, for each rain exclusion treatment, 9 throughfall collectors and 9 stemflow collectors were installed. Every two weeks for 12 months, the volume of the collectors was measured. The quantified precipitation was 1627 mm over a year. In the treatment without exclusion, 84.8, 2.9 and 12.3% referred to throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception, respectively, while in the treatment excluding rainfall 80.6, 2.3 and 17.2% referred to throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception. The regression adjustments for throughfall and stemflow showed satisfactory R2 coefficients.
Potential mutagenic effects of the glyphosate herbicide on Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839)
Authors: Silva Larissa Nayara Lima , Muniz Claumir Cesar , Sobreira Junior Ernandes Oliveira , Ignácio Áurea Regina Alves
Published: September 2021

This study analyzed the occurrence of nuclear damage in the red blood cells of Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839), exposed in vivo to the herbicide glyphosate. The fish were distributed in four groups, namely: control (without addition of herbicide) and contaminated groups with application of 65 µg/L (concentration allowed by CONAMA Resolution), 1 mg/L (maximum limit recommended by the World Health Organization - WHO and Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO) and 5 mg/L (overdose, five times higher than that by WHO and FAO). For the analysis of cell damage, the method of Nuclear Erythrocytic Abnormalities (NEA) was used, containing 1000 cells for duplicate elimination. An increase in cell damage was observed for 144 hours (6-days) of exposure in all controls. Even under a small concentration, there was a clear effect on segmented, renal, lobed formation and mainly on the formation of micronuclei. The high damage was caused in the first 48 hours and reduced after 144 hours, where the fish can have the herbicidal effect blocked. Studies that analyze the mechanisms of action of glyphosate-based herbicides are essential to determine the risks caused by biota, since there is a great divergence on the maximum tolerable limits in water, which affect quality and integrity of these ecosystems.
О проблеме классификации многочленов $f$ с периодическим разложением $\sqrt{f}$ в непрерывную дробь в гиперэллиптических полях
Authors: Platonov Vladimir Petrovich , Fedorov Gleb Vladimirovich
Published: September 2021

Классическая проблема периодичности непрерывных дробей элементов гиперэллиптических полей имеет большую и глубокую историю. До сих пор эта проблема была далека от полного решения. Удивительный результат был получен в статье [1] для квадратичных расширений, определяемых кубическими многочленами с коэффициентами из поля рациональных чисел $\mathbb{Q}$: за исключением тривиальных случаев с точностью до эквивалентности существуют только три кубических многочлена над $\mathbb{Q}$, квадратный корень из которых разлагается в периодическую непрерывную дробь в поле формальных степенных рядов $\mathbb{Q}((x))$. С учетом результатов статьи [1] в этой статье полностью решена проблема классификации многочленов $f$, с периодическим разложением $\sqrt{f}$ в непрерывную дробь для эллиптических полей с полем рациональных чисел в качестве поля констант.
Библиография: 29 наименований.
Effect of Spark Plug Location on Combustion, Performance and Emission of High-Speed Digital Three Spark Ignition (DTSI) Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Hydrogen
Authors: SHINDE BALU JALINDAR , KARUNAMURTHY K
Published: September 2021

The United Nations sustainable development goals can be met by reduced use of fossil fuels in the power & transportation sector and by protecting the environment. Various efforts to utilize alternative fuels (with low or without carbon contents) in the transportation sector are in the anvil. In this research, an experimental study is performed on a single cylinder gasoline engine of 200 cc with port fuel injection and digital three spark ignition (DTSI). The effect of spark plug location is analyzed using gasoline and hydrogen fuels separately. The combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics are analyzed at 6000 rpm, Wide Open Throttle (WOT) condition with a compression ratio of 11:1 for three different spark plug locations, i.e., at Center, Left-hand side and Right-hand side of combustion bowl. The following are the best results for a centrally located spark plug in comparison with the spark plug located at the sides. The volumetric efficiency is increased by 3.6% and 10% when tested with gasoline and hydrogen fuel; the maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) obtained for hydrogen is 38.05%, and gasoline is36.8%. The maximum combustion pressure recorded is 62.5 bar and 54.9 bar for gasoline and hydrogen fuel. The effects of spark plug locations on engine power output, the heat lost to the coolant, the heat lost to exhaust gases, unaccounted heat, heat release rate (HRR), and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR) are also studied. The net heat release rate (NHRR) is increased by 75 % with gasoline and 107 % with hydrogen. The mean gas temperature (MGT) recorded with gasoline is 2746 K, and 2232 K for hydrogen, this decrease in MGT for hydrogen is due to lean burn combustion at 1.6 equivalence ratio. The increase in NOx emission for gasoline and hydrogen fuel is 37.5 % and 58 % as the combustion is proper with increased NHRR, and MGT.
Evolution of disability pension after renal transplantation: methods and results of a database linkage study of the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study and Swiss Disability Insurance
Authors: Branca-Dragan Sanda , Koller Michael T. , Danuser Brigitta , Kunz Regina , Steiger Jürg , Hug Balthasar L.
Published: September 2021

AIMS: In Switzerland, certain patients with disabilities and reduced working ability are entitled to a disability pension granted by the Swiss Federal Social Insurance Office (FSIO). The aim was to assess the evolution of disability pension and work capacity after kidney transplantation and thereby pilot the procedures linking FSIO data with Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS) data.
METHODS: The current study pilot tested the record linkage of FSIO data with data from the STCS in a single-centre, observational setting. Patients were requested to consent to the use of their Swiss social security number (SSSN) for the purpose of record linkage. A privacy preserving trust centre approach was implemented with blinded statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Between May 2008 and December 2015, 282 working-age renal transplant recipients of the University Hospital of Basel transplant centre were eligible for inclusion and 136 (48%, median age 48 years) consented to the use of their social security number and record linkage. The FSIO datasets of all patients were successfully retrieved and linked to STCS data in the trust centre and were numerically analysable. Yearly FSIO allowance data were available for the entire study duration. Fifty-five patients (40%) were registered as disability insurance recipients (DIR). In the entire population, the proportion of working patients slightly decreased from 76% to 72% between the pre-transplant and the post-transplant period. This was due to the lower proportion of patients working after transplantation in DIR compared with non-recipients (non-DIR) (DIR: 60% before vs 44% after; non-DIR: 83% before vs 88% after). In the DIR group, the proportion of patients not working increased from 36% to 49%, whereas in non-DIR the proportion changed only marginally (14% to 12%). The average disability insurance allowance was CHF 1172 per month. It changed from CHF 1135 before transplantation to CHF 1209 after transplantation (p = 0.59).
CONCLUSIONS: In the Swiss healthcare and social insurance system, record linkage studies combining clinical datasets with data from FSIO are feasible but associated with great efforts and resource needs. The lack of changes in disability allowances after kidney transplantation should be further investigated in the nationwide setting.
ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01204944
ENSURING QUALITY EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN RURAL BANGLADESH: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: AL MAMUN DR. GAZI IBRAHIM , SELINA AKHTER
Published: September 2021

Bangladesh is committed to ensuring quality education for all. In this purpose, there is categories study/education system at the primary level of education. One is formal primary education school run by the Bangladesh government and another is non-formal primary education school run by NGOs. Both types of primary education’s main objective are ensuring quality education at primary level. But there are many problems in these two categories of an education program. But quality education’s main characteristics enable all learners to develop the capabilities they require to become economically productive, develop sustainable livelihood, contribute to peaceful and democratic societies and enhance wellbeing. The learning outcomes that are required vary at the end of the basic educations cycle must include threshold levels of literacy and numeracy and life skills including awareness and prevention of disease. In this circumstance, the learning method will be flexible and the environment of the school will attractive for children. But the environment and learning method mean model of quality education is an absence in formal government primary school, although non-formal based NGOs school have practised low this model. In this perspective, the main focus of this present article is to comparative analysis between formal based government primary education and non-formal based NGOs primary education. To examine which is a better system for ensuring quality education at the primary level and an attempt is also made to suggest some alternative propose/proposal for ensuring quality education at the primary level of education. In the analysis of the results given in the study, it is seen that the non-formal education is more effective than formal education in primary education level to ensure the quality education of children in the rural communities of Bangladesh. Therefore, the results of this research will play an important role in improving the quality of non-formal and formal primary education.
THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: A CASE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Authors: SYED ATIF ALI WARSI  , DR. MUHAMMAD ASIM  , SALMAN MANZOOR
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between supply chain management practices (SCMP) on technological innovation in the manufacturing sector organizations of Pakistan. The supply chain management practices (SCMP) include in this study are strategic supplier partnership, information sharing, information quality, postponement and internal lean practices while technological innovation being the dependent variable. The target population for this study has been selected as the manufacturing sector in Pakistan. The study has collected 200 responses from the supply chain professionals of manufacturing firms of Karachi, Pakistan. For analysis of data, partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) named Smart PLS version 3.2.8 has been used. The finding of the study showed that supply chain management practices have a positive impact on technological innovation. The postponement has the highest impact and positive relation with technological innovation, then strategic supplier partnership was found to a positive and significant impact on technological innovation, while information quality has lower impact and positive relationship with technological innovation. The study suggests that manufacturing firms should implement proper supply chain management practices for making their product and process innovations. The paper will provide insights to the manufacturing firm how these supply chain management practices help in technological innovation.
TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF ERP IMPLEMENTATION IN IMPROVING THE SCM OPERATIONS IN MANUFACTURING
Authors: HASSAN ZOHAIB QURESHI  , DR. MUHAMMAD ASIM  , SALMAN MANZOOR
Published: September 2021

The research is carried out to determine the impact of ERP implementation in the improvement of the Supply chain in the manufacturing sector. The research undermines a detail investigation of How ERP is working to improve the performance of a firm. However, our research is quite specific with improving SCM performance. The identified problem for the research I basically related to process issues, control management issues etc. However, ERP has come up with solutions for it. Previous researches have clearly documented the fact that ERP is based on best practices and therefore, it being’s revolution to the firms. The research is carried out on a similar basis to determine how manufacturing firms with ERP can improve its SCM performance. In conclusion, the research identifies that manufacturing firms through ERP implementation can serve in leading the market, fulfilling the right demand, saving cost and improving operations.
HUMAN CAPITAL OF CHAR PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOODS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: NOMAN ABU SALEH MOHAMMAD
Published: September 2021

Sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihoods capitals which are combined in the pursuit of different livelihood strategies. Human capital represents the skills, knowledge, education, ability to labor and good health that together enable people to pursue their livelihood strategies. It is therefore necessary, though not on its own sufficient, for the achievement of positive livelihoods outcomes. The study examines the sustainability of human assets of livelihoods of char people and explores the influence of land and river, and the impact of climate change on their natural assets. The study found that the livelihood pattern of the people of char is insecure, vulnerable and unsustainable. They are deprived of education-both modern and traditional and health services or medical facilities. There is a strong relationship ship among education, gender and patriarchy. It is recommended that, there is a strong need for institutional support to assist them in developing their human capital.
THE IMPACT ON LEAN PRACTICES BY OPERATIONAL FACTORS: EVIDENCE FROM THE MANUFACTURING FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
Authors: HASNAIN MUSTAQEEM KHAN  , DR. MUHAMMAD ASIM  , SALMAN MANZOOR
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The study has aimed to identify the effect of lean practices on the operational performance of manufacturing firms in Pakistan.

Design/Methodology: Using a positivistic deductive approach, the study has collected 211 responses from the supply chain professionals of manufacturing firms of Karachi, Pakistan using a purposive sampling technique. PLS-SEM has been employed for data analysis using SmartPLS version 3.2.8.

Findings: The study has manifested that lean practices can enable manufacturing firms of Pakistan to improve their operational performance.

Implications: Kanban is one of the most effective and tested methods to do this. Kanban is a mechanism that controls the flow of products within a supply chain by using visual signals (cards). There is a Kanban card attached to each object, container, crate, or pallet. The Kanban card details the products and amounts to purchase, so the factory floor may request the right parts. Workers take the card and give it to the department of sales.

Originality: The study has not been employed in the Pakistan context while due to lack of lean application in the industrial sector of Pakistan; the implications may encourage organizations towards lean practices. Moreover, lean practices can enable large-scale manufacturing firms to improve their performance in the current downturn.
ESTRATEGIAS GERENCIALES BASADAS EN LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA DIFERENCIACIÓN. REFLEXIONES DESDE EL CONTEXTO ECUATORIANO.
Authors: Zambrano-Zambrano Walter , Vegas-Meléndez Hilarión José
Published: September 2021

El objetivo principal de la investigación analizar las estrategias gerenciales basadas en la perspectiva de la diferenciación desde el contexto ecuatoriano, mostrando como hallazgos descriptores gerenciales producto de la interpretación por parte de los investigadores; la metódica de abordaje es de enfoque cualitativo y de nivel descriptivo, además de una dimensión inductiva con intencionalidad heurística; para la recolección de información se utilizó la observación directa, así como la entrevista en profundidad al Presidente de la Asociación de Empresarios del Ecuador (ANDE), así como también a expertos investigadores y consultores empresariales relacionados con la temática abordada; la investigación sustentó su estrategia de análisis en parte a la propuesta dada por la denominada Teoría Fundamentada. Entre los resultados/hallazgos se hacen visibles descriptores gerenciales apoyados desde la interpretación investigativa, así como el de su triangulación con las definiciones sobre estrategias gerenciales, diferenciación y conceptos relacionados con el océano azul, todo enmarcado desde lo local. Entre las conclusiones presentadas esta la necesidad incorporar procesos holísticos para la creación de nuevos mercados, así como el diseño de estrategias gerenciales en base a un modelo autónomo de gestión empresarial, así como viabilidad de aplicación de los descriptores emergentes para facilitar la creación de nuevos mercados; todos estos elementos considerados desde el análisis hermenéutico establecido por la investigación.

Palabras clave: Estrategias gerenciales, diferenciación, océano azul.
A Case Study on the University Freshman Adaptation Program Using an Online Mentoring Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Yeonjoo , Lim Kyoungsoo
Published: September 2021

This study is a case study that presents the results of developing and operating online mentoring programs to more effectively help freshmen adapt to college life amid the spread of COVID-19. Mentoring has traditionally been recognized as a program that contributes to individual academic ability and psycho-social growth. Against this background, the results of developing and operating online mentoring programs for 1,654 freshmen were presented as examples. As a result of the operation of this mentoring program, the latter helped freshmen solve some of the challenges they faced, not only from having to change their academic environment, but from having to form new relationships as well. Senior mentoring also confirmed that such a program is able to reduce the social gap felt by freshmen regarding their campus life during the COVID-19 situation by motivating them to study more, and by encouraging them to form senior-junior IRL (in real life) relationships. This study is significant in that it presents specific examples and techniques to improve the performance of online mentoring programs. Also, in order to effectively operate online mentoring programs, we proposed to systematically implement the selection and training of mentors, to structure mentoring activities, to monitor the program through a communication system, and to engage in performance sharing.
Minimalistic Character Education
Authors: Bae S ik Han
Published: September 2021

After the promulgation of the Character Education Promotion Act, one is left asking the question: is character education, which is currently being conducted in all directions and at all levels, from elementary schools to universities, actually succeeding in reversing the deteriorating character failures seen throughout society? I think it’s fair to say that it would be difficult for anyone to answer this question positively. Nevertheless, research papers boasting the many successes of character education have continued to pour in. How can this disparity be explained? In order to adequately answer this question, one must understand that character education is missing a key component. Therefore, we need to reexamine the fundamental premise of the discourses and programs surrounding character education in its various applications, both before and after the promulgation of the Character Education Promotion Act. This paper intends to propose ‘minimalistic character education’ as a new paradigm of character education-one that will replace the fundamental premise found in the type of character education we’ve been implementing thus far. Briefly put, minimalistic character education starts by changing the paradigm: “Basically, doing is better than not doing” to the paradigm: “Basically, not doing is better than doing.” This new paradigm will enable us to overcome the paradox found in the current manifestation of character education by preventing it from becoming a key link in the vicious cycle of avoiding responsibility.
Knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels of dental hygiene students regarding teledentistry: A pilot study
Authors: Cooper Brigette , Engeswick Lynnette
Published: September 2021

Teledentistry provides a viable option for dental professionals to increase care in underserved areas. Dental hygiene students at a state university completed a course in teledentistry that includes performing oral health screenings on children using intraoral cameras and electronic submission of dental images to an off-site dentist for diagnosis. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine student knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels before and after completion of a course on teledentistry. Method: A 5-point Likert scale survey consisting of 10 items was administered to students ages twenty-two to twenty-five (N=24) in a teledentistry course the first and last day of class. The survey included current knowledge of teledentistry, attitudes regarding effectiveness of teledentistry, and confidence in acquiring the necessary technical skills. Results: Survey results were analyzed using a matched-pairs t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. There were significant increase in student knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in 9 of the 10 questions (p<.01). Conclusion: This study indicates that student attitudes were positively changed in their knowledge of the effectiveness of teledentistry in identifying dental needs in underserved areas, the role dental hygienists play in access to care, and confidence in acquiring and submitting dental images. These findings, in conjunction with research by other investigators, support continued implementation of teledentistry in dental hygiene education.
Design of Introductory Course to Improve Career Decision Making in Dental Hygiene
Authors: Monson Angela , Cooper Brigette
Published: September 2021

Dental Hygiene programs have a responsibility to help potential applicants determine if dental hygiene is the best career choice for them. Good fit of career promotes a satisfied workforce, along with program retention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ satisfaction with an introductory course on career choice in dental hygiene and to assess the influence of the course on their perceptions of a career in this profession. Pre- and post-course surveys were distributed to 186 students enrolled in “Perspectives in Dental Hygiene” at a state university. An overall response rate of 97% (N=181) was achieved. The average participant was 18 to 19 years old, female, Caucasian, worked 0 to 10 hours/week, and self-reported a GPA of 3.5 to 4.0. A Wilcoxen signed rank test revealed a significant decrease (p< .001) in desire to pursue dental hygiene after course completion. Strong support for the value of the course was demonstrated; the course was recommended by 99% of participants who indicated a desire to pursue dental hygiene and 94% of participants who did not want to pursue dental hygiene. All participants who were unsure or did not want to pursue dental hygiene agreed they are more knowledgeable about the profession as a result of the course. The findings indicate that dental hygiene programs can utilize a pre-requisite introductory course on dental hygiene career choice to help applicants assess career fit.
Prevalence and Pattern of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis in Nigeria: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Akinpelu Aderonke , Alonge Temitope , Adekanla Babatunde , Odole Adesola
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability, affecting 60-70% of people aged ≥60 years. Community-based prevalence estimates of OA in Nigeria are not readily available for referencing. This study investigated the prevalence and pattern of knee OA in Igbo-Ora, a rural community in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A total of 1044 adults (487 males, 557 females) aged ≥ 40 years in Igbo-Ora were recruited into this door-to-door survey through multi-stage cluster sampling. Knee OA was diagnosed using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical criteria. Knee OA severity was assessed using the Lequesne Algofunctional Index and interference with role performance was rated by participants who met the ACR criteria. Plain radiographs of a multiphase sample of 15 participants with Knee OA were taken. Data was analysed using percentages and Chi square. Results: Two hundred and five (119 females, 86 males) out of the 1044 participants fulfilled the ACR criteria, giving a point prevalence of symptomatic knee OA of 19.6%. The prevalence of knee OA was 21.4% among the females and 17.5% among the males, giving a female bias in the ratio of 1.2:1. Prevalence increased and was significantly associated (P<0.001) with age. Most participants (98.5%) had moderate-extremely severe disease and knee OA interfered with role performance in 90.2% of participants. All radiographs showed signs consistent with OA. Conclusion: One out of every five adults aged ≥40 years in this Nigerian rural community has symptomatic knee OA, with a female preponderance in the ratio of 1.2:1.
The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation (Type B) on Decubitus Ulcers
Authors: Onigbinde Ayodele , Olafimihan Kehinde , Ojoawo Adesola , Adedoyin Rufus , Omiyale Oluwabunmi , Mothabeng Joyce
Published: September 2021

Pressure ulcers heal slowly and this often results in prolonged hospitalization. Wound infection delays healing in decubitus ulcers and standard treatment include wound dressing and use of antibiotics. However, there is increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVB) on the healing of decubitus ulcers. The study was also designed to learn the effect of UVR (Type B) on bacteria. Methods: Ten subjects with ascertained bilateral pressure sores (6 at the gluteal region and 4 at the heels) on the left lower extremities were recruited for this study. The left limbs (experimental limbs) were radiated with UVR (B) coupled with normal wound dressing while the right (control) limbs only received normal wound dressing for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics (Kruska Wallis test). Results: There was 78.9% decrease in the mean surface area of the decubitus ulcers of the experimental (left) limbs while there was only 37.4% decrease in the mean surface area of the decubitus ulcers of the control (right) limbs. Similarly, there was 74.7% decrease in the mean volume of the decubitus ulcers of the experimental (left) limbs while there was only 46.3% decrease in the mean volume of decubitus ulcers of the control (right) limbs. The result of the Kruska Wallis test showed that there was significant decrease in the growth of bacteria (X² = 37.01, P<0.00) and significant increase in the growth of epithelial cells (X² = 36.65, P< 0.00) in the decubitus ulcers that were irradiated with UVR. Conclusion: It was concluded that ultraviolet radiation (Type B) had significant effects in destroying bacteria and also promoting wound healing.
Entry-Level Evidenced-Based Practice Training in Physiotherapy Students: Does It Change Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Long Katherine , McEvoy Maureen , Lewis Lucy , Wiles Louise , Williams Marie , Olds Tim
Published: September 2021

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an integral part of health professionals’ training. However, there is little research concerning learning outcomes in the allied health student population. This study explored changes in self-reported EBP knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, and actual EBP knowledge of entry-level physiotherapy students following exposure to formal EBP training. Methods: Entry-level Bachelors and Masters physiotherapy students were surveyed before and after completing EBP training courses. Two validated and reliable surveys, the Evidence-Based Practice Profile Questionnaire (EBP2) and the Knowledge of Research Evidence Competencies (K-REC) survey were used. The EBP2 included self-reported domains: relevance, sympathy, terminology (knowledge), practice, and confidence. The K-REC survey measured actual EBP knowledge. Paired t-tests and effect sizes (ES) were used to assess the change in scores after exposure to one or both EBP training courses. Mixed design between-within ANOVAs were performed to assess the impact of EBP training on participants’ scores in the two different student groups (Masters and Bachelors). Results: In the group of 77 students, completion of EBP courses resulted in significant change in all self-reported domains: relevance p < 0.001 (ES = 0.49), sympathy p = 0.005 (ES = 0.30), terminology p < 0.001 (ES = 1.07), practice p < 0.001 (ES = 1.34) and confidence p < 0.001 (ES = 0.89), and also actual knowledge p < 0.001 (ES = 1.13). There were no interaction effects between time and the student sub-group (Masters or Bachelors) for relevance, terminology, confidence, and sympathy (p≥ 0.05). There was a significant interaction between time and the student sub-group for practice and actual knowledge (p< 0.05). Conclusion: These findings allow identification of the size of changes likely to result from current EBP courses in entry-level training. The results provide a basis for measuring the effect of modifications to EBP courses and for future EBP training interventions.
The Effect of Lower Leg Casting on Energy Cost During Independent Ambulation: Considerations for Clinical Practice
Authors: LaPorte Cindy , Johnson Daie , Koen Kiersten , Hardy Lena , Montgomery Valda
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant leg, lower leg casting on energy cost during independent ambulation. The Physiological Cost Index, predicted VO2max, and gait speed values of a Quarter-Mile Walk Test, with and without lower leg casting, were utilized to determine energy cost. Methods: Thirty-five subjects who were 23 to 32 years old (mean age 25.37 ± 2.02) performed the Quarter-Mile Walk Test at their comfortable walking speed on two occasions, one with and one without lower leg casting. Resting heart rate, walking heart rate, and time to complete the test were recorded. Physiological Cost Index, predicted VO2max, and gait speed formulas were used to calculate results.Results: Physiological Cost Index increased when walking with the lower leg cast, but was not statistically significant (p=.3939). A statistically significant decrease was seen with predicted VO2max (p< .0001) and gait speed (p< .0001) when walking with a lower leg cast. Conclusions: Predicted VO2max and gait speed decreased when walking with a lower leg cast on the dominant leg. This finding indicates that as subjects altered their self-selected speed, predicted VO2max decreased with gait speed.
Issue of Adjustment to Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Devices
Authors: Piven Emily , Lovett Ursel , Nazeran Homer , Bader Julia
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with an insulin pump provides best practice for prevention of tertiary complications of insulin-dependent diabetes. Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify self-care adjustment issues to pump technology via a computer-based survey. Method: Internal reliability of the Adaptation to Insulin Pumps Survey was 0.765 (Cronbach’s alpha). The validated survey was emailed to a convenience sample of 10,000 users. Logistic regression analysis was done on each binary variable, testing for Group effect, while controlling for age and gender. Results: There were 959 responders. Seventeen survey statements relating to barriers, intrusiveness, attitude, and adaptations had significance from p<0.0001 to p<0.05. Conclusions: Ninety-four percent of calculated p values of statements were higher for woman than men. Odds ratio estimates suggested that women may have higher risk for discontinuance of the biomedical device than men. Future research should identify women at risk and clarify the roles of different healthcare practitioners in addressing the self-care adjustment issues of women.
Using Debriefing to Foster Task Management among Anesthesiologist Assistant Students
Authors: Austin Llalando
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of video-aided oral debriefing on task management of anesthesiologist assistant students through the use of high-fidelity anesthesia crisis simulation scenarios. This information describes an evaluation of student learning that is valuable in student educational and workplace competency. Method: A total of 18 graduate students in an anesthesiologist assistant program voluntarily participated in two anesthesia simulation scenarios separated by one of two debriefing methods (oral debriefing versus video-aided oral debriefing). Task management scores of the scenarios were assessed through the Anesthetists’ Nontechnical Skills system. Task management scores after the pre-intervention scenario were compared to the scores after the post-intervention scenario. The effectiveness of video-aided oral debriefing was studied using a within-subjects analysis. The comparison of video-aided oral debriefing to oral debriefing was examined with a between-subjects analysis. Results: The results showed a significant improvement in the intervention group from the initial assessment to the subsequent assessment in task management (p<0.001). However, results did not show a statistically significant difference between the two debriefing methods after a second anesthesia crisis scenario (p=0.21). Conclusion: The research study found that task management during anesthesia crisis scenarios improved after video-aided oral debriefing. No difference was found when comparing the improvement in task management between debriefing methods. Therefore, video-aided oral debriefing was comparable to oral debriefing in improving task management in this study.
Allied Health Student Clinical Placements in Residential Aged Care Facilities: Staff Opinions, Attitudes, and Support Needs
Authors: Johnston Catherine , Newstead Clint , Walmsley Sarah , MacDonald Lesley
Published: September 2021

Purpose: As the population ages, the incidence and prevalence of chronic health issues requiring allied health management is increasing. Currently, there is an undersupply of appropriately skilled allied health professionals working in aged care. This has also been identified as a setting in which many beginning health practitioners are reluctant to seek employment. In order to address this workforce shortage, it is imperative that students are prepared for a possible future career within aged care facilities. Early clinical experience within this setting may increase student confidence, raise awareness of the need for services, and encourage students to consider working in aged care. At present, student clinical placements within aged care facilities are limited, potentially contributing to difficulties addressing workforce needs. The reasons for the lack of clinical placements and the relative contribution of the opinions, attitudes, training, and support needs of staff are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions, attitudes, support, and training needs of physiotherapists, dieticians, and managers working in residential aged care regarding allied health professional student clinical placements. Method: A written survey of allied health professionals (dieticians and physiotherapists, n=26) and managers (n=40) working in residential aged care was conducted. Responses were analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: Participants had generally positive attitudes towards student placements in residential aged care. Managers were significantly more positive regarding the scope for student clinical placements within their facilities than allied health professionals (p<0.05). The biggest barrier to student placements identified by both managers and allied health professionals was the nature of employment of allied health professionals in the sector. Participating allied health professionals also indicated that they required specific training in student supervision and the provision of clinical education. Conclusion: The attitudes and opinions of allied health professionals and managers did not appear to contribute to a lack of allied health professional student placements in aged care facilities. The main barriers to placement were the nature of allied health professional employment and a lack of staff experience in supervising students on clinical placement. Specific training and mentoring of allied health professionals may facilitate increased student placement capacity in the aged care setting.
Análisis de factores asociados con el Síndrome de Resección Anterior en pacientes operados por tumores de recto.
Authors: Mattacheo Adrian , Magrini Laura , Rivera Mariano , Tognelli Joaquín , Venditti Darío , Lucilli Norberto , Pedro Luis
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Los pacientes con resección anterior baja por cáncer de recto suelen manifestar trastornos funcionales relacionados con la evacuación intestinal, los que, unidos, se expresan como Síndrome de Resección Anterior Baja (LARS). Los síntomas consisten en aumento de la frecuencia, urgencia y fraccionamiento evacuatorio, e incontinencia fecal. También se han demostrado algunos factores predisponentes para su aparición.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de LARS, y su relación con factores de riesgo.

Diseño: Observacional, retrospectivo y transversal.

Material y métodos: Pacientes sometidos a resección anterior baja con anastomosis primaria extraperitoneal y restablecimiento del tránsito intestinal por adenocarcinoma o lesión sospechosa en recto, entre junio de 2012 y marzo de 2021, por integrantes del mismo equipo. Se realizó clasificación de severidad de LARS mediante el Score LARS (rango 0-42) entre noviembre 2020 y abril 2021.

Resultados: Entre junio de 2012 y marzo de 2021, 69 pacientes cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Con una mediana de tiempo desde la cirugía al cuestionario de 31 meses (3-97), el 40,6% (28/69) de los pacientes obtuvieron un score de LARS de 30 o más (LARS mayor). El riesgo de LARS mayor estuvo significativamente incrementado en el sexo femenino (OR 3.4, IC95% 1.08-11.8), la radioterapia previa (OR 3.8, IC95% 1,4-10) y la resección total del mesorrecto (OR 4.1, IC95% 1.06-15.9). No se encontró asociación con la edad, el uso de reservorio, anastomosis coloanal manual, ni con el uso de una ostomía transitoria.

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de Score de LARS mayor en nuestro medio es similar a la reportada en la literatura. La radioterapia y la escisión total del mesorrecto son variables que se asocian a un score LARS mayor, pero que se fundamentan en resultados oncológicos más que funcionales. Las medidas potencialmente preventivas, como el tipo de anastomosis, no parecen ser determinantes.
Effect of brand image of Bata branded products on customer loyalty in ringroad city walk Medan
Authors: Elly Ria Chainar
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the brand image has influenced consumer loyalty of Bata brand products at the Medan City Walk Ringroad Bata outlets. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Bata brand image on consumer loyalty at outlets Bata Ringroad City Walk Medan. This research was conducted in the scope of the Bata brand Ringroad City Walk Medan outlets, with the object of research being limited only to the brand image variable as the independent variable and consumer loyalty as the dependent variable. The population in this study were 240 people and then a sample of 23 people was taken. This research was conducted using SPSS version 21.0 software and also using a simple linear regression test that got the result Y = 6.016 + 0.803X. From this equation it can be interpreted that the variable brand image has a significant effect on consumer loyalty of the Bata brand product at the Bata Ringroad City Walk Medan outlet. For the influence of the variable brand image on consumer loyalty is 0.000 <0.05 and thit 11.977> ttab 1.721, meaning that there is an effect of brand image on consumer loyalty. And based on the coefficient of determination, it can be explained from the results, which is 86.6% and the remaining 13.4% is explained by other variables. It is recommended that the Bata Ringroad City Walk Medan to maintain its existing brand image. By improving product quality and prioritizing excellent service