bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of efficacy of septic screen in diagnosis of early onset sepsis
Authors: Kolhe Shital , Mahajan Puneet , Siddiqui Sadaf , Sharma Ashok , Rai Rajesh
Published: June 2020

Background: Clinical features of sepsis are non-specific in all neonates and a high index of suspicion is required for the timely diagnosis of sepsis. Although blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, reports are available after 48-72 h. Therefore, a practical septic screen for the diagnosis of sepsis is needed. Objectives: To study the maternal and neonatal risk factors for early onset neonatal sepsis and to evaluate the efficacy of septic screen in diagnosis of same. Methods: Total 51 inborn were selected on basis of presence of maternal and neonatal risk factors, clinical features consistent with infection. The following investigations were done: Total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, immature/total Neutrophil (I/T) ratio, haematocrit, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP) (after 6 h), gastric lavage, Micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), chest X-ray (after 6 h). Blood culture was sent for any neonate with septic screen positive or those developing clinical sepsis within 72 h of birth and were correlated with the gold standard test (BACTEC). Results: Our study consisted of 51 inborn babies with 61% males and 39% females, 41% preterm <37 weeks of gestation and 59% term, 64.7% low birth weight <2500 g and 33% with history of premature rupture of membrane (PROM). Amongst 51 babies, 41.2% had leucocytosis, 15.7% with leucopenia, 21.6% had thrombocytopenia and 23.9% had anaemia. 86.3% had abnormal CRP, 33.3% had abnormal Micro ESR, and 54.9% had abnormal I/T ratio. Out of 51 babies, 17 (33.3%) were culture positive. Out of 17 culture proven sepsis, 64.7% were preterm, 88.8% were LBW <2500 g and 64.7% had history of PROM. Out of 17 culture proven cases, 75% had leucopenia, 70% had abnormal I/T ratio. 58.8% had abnormal Micro ESR, 86% were CRP positive which suggest that leucopenia, CRP and Micro ESR are good septic screen markers. Gastric aspirate is less significant. Conclusion: PROM, prematurity and low birth weight, especially, very low birth weight are the common high risk factors for early onset sepsis. Amongst septic profile, leucopenia, CRP and Micro ESR are associated with culture proven sepsis.
Effect of cesarean section on perinatal outcome: A case-control study
Authors: Sreenivas S K , Murthy K Anjana , Renuka T
Published: June 2020

Background: Cesarean section is the surgical intervention which has been saving lives for a long period of time. Despite its importance, there are not many studies on maternal morbidity and mortality with perinatal outcome in patients undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section. Objective: To find out the effect of emergency and an elective cesarean section on maternal and neonatal outcome. Methods: This prospective unmatched case-control study was conducted from July 2012 to June 2013 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pediatrics of a Medical College of Bengaluru. 300 patients (1:1) along with their babies were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria by simple consecutive sampling after written informed consent. Examination of the patient was done, and all relevant data were obtained, and results were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Office 2016. Results: Maternal complications (both intra- and post-operative) were more in the emergency cesarean section group than in elective cesarean section (p<0.001). Neonatal complications were more common in emergency cesarean section group than in elective cesarean section (p<0.05). Conclusion: Emergency cesarean section causes more morbidity among pregnant women and their babies, which can be reduced by combined efforts at all levels and by encouraging hospital vaginal deliveries of all the primigravida, grand multiparous pregnant women and those who had a previous cesarean section, provided adequate fetal monitoring and operative facilities are available.
Serologic status at 10 months of infants born to hepatitis B positive mothers given prophylaxis - A prospective cohort study
Authors: Saradakutty Geetha , Dharmarajan C , Kumar A Santhosh
Published: June 2020

Rationale: Perinatal exposure is the most common mode of transmission of hepatitis B (HB) infection in neonates. Prevention of perinatal transmission of HB is important to decrease overall carrier state. Objectives: To estimate the rate of HB carrier status among children born to HB surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers at 10 months of age measured by HBsAg status and to assess the efficacy of prophylaxis (HB vaccine [HBV] and HB immunoglobulin [HBIG] administration) as measured by the anti-HBs titer at 10th month of age. Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective cohort study of infants born to HBsAg positive motherbetween April 2008 and October 2008 with a follow-up at 6 weeks, 14 weeks, and 10 months of age. After informed consent from the parents, 0.5 ml of recombinant vaccine was given to all. HBIG was given to only those who could afford to buy it. At 6 and 14 weeks of age, 0.5 ml of recombinant vaccine was given according to the IAP immunization schedule along with other UIP vaccines to all neonates. At 10 months of age (plus 1 week), 69 infants completed 3 doses of HBV. Anti-HBs titer and HBsAg status were measured. Anti-HBs titer >100 IU/L was taken as a good responder. Results: Total 125 infants were initially recruited. Allwere vaccinated with HBV within 12 h of birth. HBIG was given to 96 infants (76.8%) and only 69 (55.2%) completed 3rd visit. Carrier state in infants born to HBsAg positive mothers at 10 months of age was 1/69 (1.44%). 43/69 (62.35%) had good antibody response out of which, 41 were given both HBV and HBIG. In those given only vaccine, 2/7 (28.55%) had good antibody response (p=0.02). Conclusion: Combined HB vaccine and immunoglobulin had a better antibody response in the study as reported earlier. The carrier state was 1.44%.
Clinical profile of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and their short-term outcome in a tertiary care neonatal unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Molugan M , Kamalarathnam C N , Muthukumaran J
Published: June 2020

Background: Recent developments in the antenatal diagnosis, surgical techniques, and neonatal intensive care had widely increased survival rates in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in the western world. In developing countries, however, high mortality in neonates with CDH still continues to be a challenge. Objective: The aim of this study is to study the clinical profile of neonates with CDH and to analyze the various factors affecting mortality. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 148 babies with a diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia admitted to a tertiary care neonatal unit in South India, from the year 2010 to 2015, were reviewed. Results: The total survival rate was 58.1%, and the operative survival rate was 85.1%. Prenatal diagnosis was made in only 7 cases, and of these, 5 (71.42%) survived. Higher mortality was associated with age at admission <24 h, low Apgar score, early onset of respiratory distress, right-sided CDH, presence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn, and high FiO2 requirement at the time of admission, during stabilization and surgery (p<0.01). Significantly higher mortality was also observed among babies who required positive-pressure ventilation during transport, required inotropes during hospital course (p<0.01), and had low PaO2, high PCO2, and high oxygenation index (p<0.01). Conclusion: Babies admitted to hospital within 24 h of age and who manifested early had a poor outcome indicating severe disease. Antenatal diagnosis of this condition should improve to prevent delay in stabilization and poor outcome.
Severe iron deficiency anemia in an infant: A case report
Authors: Agrawal Archana , Chaudhary Piyush , Singh Prabjyot
Published: June 2020

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in children and is worldwide in distribution. In fact, iron deficiency is the only micronutrient deficiency that is prevalent in virtually all developed countries. An infant is predominantly fed on milk, bioavailability of breast milk is much better than cow’s milk; although both are deficient in iron content. The peak prevalence of nutritional IDA occurs in late infancy and very rarely seen before the age of 6 months in a term baby who is exclusively breastfed. We report a case of severe IDA in a 6-month-old child in whom no other obvious cause was found.
Alagille-Watson syndrome
Authors: Kajjam Sandeep Kumar , Reddy Sadanand , Ajay J
Published: June 2020

Alagille syndrome (AS) is also known as arteriohepatic dysplasia, Watson Miller syndrome, and syndromic bile duct paucity. It is rare autosomal dominant genetic syndrome with incidence of 1 in 100,000 live births. The major manifestations include paucity of interlobular bile ducts, characteristic facies, posterior embryotoxon, vertebral defects, and peripheral pulmonary stenosis. A developmentally normal 14-month-old male toddler born of a non-consanguineous marriage presented with progressive jaundice since 4 months of age and was associated with generalized pruritus, high-colored urine, and pale-colored stools. On examination, broad forehead, pointed chin, low-set eyes, xanthomas over the cheek, and posterior embryotoxon were noticed. Ultrasonography showed hepatomegaly and ectopic kidney, and blood investigations revealed anemia, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, raised serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, with altered triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Liver biopsy revealed paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts and diagnosis of AS. The above case report stresses the need to look for any dysmorphic features in a case of neonatal cholestasis as AS, though rare, is a cause of neonatal cholestasis.
Thanatophoric dysplasia: A case report with probable recurrence
Authors: Shankari N Vidhya , Jerry Antony Leo , Charan Lakshmi , Raj Sushmitha
Published: June 2020

Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a congenital, sporadic, and the most lethal skeletal dysplasia caused by new mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. At birth, it is characterized by shortening of the limbs (micromelia), small conical thorax, platyspondyly (flat vertebral bodies), and macrocephaly. TD is divided into two clinically defined subtypes: Type I and II which can be differentiated by the skull shape and femur morphology. Ultrasound examination in the second trimester is often straight forward in diagnosing the congenital anomaly. We report a case of preterm stillborn female baby with dysmorphic facies, macrocephaly, micromelia with short stubby fingers and deep skin creases, short limbs, narrow thorax, and protuberant abdomen delivered at our hospital to a 24-year-old multigravida mother with the previous history of first-trimester abortion. The antenatal ultrasound examination showed shortening of long bones with femur-shaped like a telephone receiver. Dysmorphic facial feature, skeletal abnormalities, and histopathological examination lead us to make the diagnosis of TD Type I. We report this case of TD in view of recurrence risk of around 1%, occurring mostly through autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, which may be the possibility in this case.
Tetra-Amelia syndrome with congenital diaphragmatic hernia - A rare entity
Authors: Mina Shyam Sundar , Arya Sugandha , Siddiqui Kaifi , Salhan Meetu , Mina Deepika
Published: June 2020

Tetra-Amelia syndrome is a very rare disorder characterized by the absence of all four limbs. “Tetra” is the Greek word for “four” and “Amelia” refers to the failure of an arm or leg to develop before birth. This syndrome can also cause severe malformations of other parts of the body, including the face and head, heart, nervous system, skeleton, and genitalia. Tetra-Amelia syndrome with diaphragmatic defects (pulmonary hypoplasia) in a newborn is extremely rare entity. We report a very rare case of Tetra-Amelia associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program on dental hygiene among children
Authors: Chatterjee Lt. Col. Keka , Selvadhas Lt. Col. Mary , R Lt. Col Rajanimole , Sharma Major Sarita , Shukla Capt. Mahima
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Worldwide, dental problems affect children’s health, causing millions of school hours to be lost each year. An effective community prevention program as a planned procedure prevents the onset of a disease among a group of individuals and the most cost-effective method is health education. Objectives: Assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program on dental hygiene among primary schoolchildren. Methods and Materials: An experimental study was carried out in 60 primary schoolchildren between the age group of 5 and 10 years by dividing them into experimental and waitlisted control group. Pretest- post-test waitlisted control group design and simple random sampling were used. Standardized plaque index score and semistructured knowledge questionnaire used as tool. Results: The experimental group pre-test means rank (30.23) was significantly lower than the overall post-test rank (44.00) according to Mann–Whitney U-test. The control group pre-test means rank (30.77) was significantly higher than the post-test means rank (17.00) U = 442 (Z = ?0.118), p < 0.01. The difference between the experimental and waitlisted control group was large (? = 0.906). Conclusion: The level of awareness among schoolchildren regarding correct dental hygiene practices is low. The video-assisted teaching program was found to be effective in improving the dental hygiene of the schoolchildren as measured by plaque index score. The knowledge regarding the importance of maintaining dental hygiene will help more and more schoolchildren to follow the correct dental hygiene practices.
Hygiene and health: Effects, experiences, and expertise of “Clean India Campaign” from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jain Col. Sunil , Thapar Col. Rajeev Kumar
Published: June 2020

Background: The current happenings in the country for the good should be of importance in the crucial places and the critical phases of life, i.e., hospitals and during hospitalization, even for normal life processes. The current “Clean India Campaign” is a catalyst for hospitals for improvements in hygiene. Objective: The objective of this study is to define and describe the impact of multifaceted infection control and hygienic practices by all on hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the pediatric age group. Materials and Methods: Implementation of multifaceted infection control policies was ensured along with the health educationfor hygienic practices by all, including attendants of patients and patients when possible. These were rigorously enforced with the renewed enthusiasm since the launch of “Clean India Campaign” from January 2015. The setting was “Paediatric Wing” of a tertiary care hospital catering to a large army cantonment, and also, referred cases. The outcome measures were the incidence of HAIs. Results: The incidence rate of HAIs was 2.91% (July 2013-December 2014) and declined to 1.59% (January 2015-June 2016) (relative risk: 0.547, 95% confidence interval: 0.409-0.733; p=0.0001). The most significant decline in HAI in our study has been in that of gastrointestinal infections (RR: 0.428%, 95% CI: 0.241-0.761; p=0.0034). Overall, the results of preventiveactions were rewarding (RR: 0.547, 95% CI: 0.409-0.733; p=0.0001). Conclusion: The mission “Clean India Campaign” and the WHO’s vision “clean care is safer care” lead to prevention and reduction of HAIs. Implementation of multifaceted infection control interventions is impactful. Hygienic practices teaching should be for both caregivers and caretakers.
A study of frequency of occurrence and severity of thrombocytopenia in malaria in 2 months to 18-year-old children in a tertiary care centre at rural Haryana
Authors: Narayan Raghvendra , Singh Shivani
Published: June 2020

Objective: To study the frequency and severity of thrombocytopenia in children between age groups of 2 months and 18 years with malaria. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study conducted at tertiary care centre of rural Haryana. Data of confirmed cases of malaria with regard to age, sex, and platelet count were recorded in pre-defined pro forma. Results: Out of total 79 confirmed cases of malaria, 67 (84.81%) cases of Plasmodium vivax, 10 (12.65%) cases of Plasmodium falciparum, and 2 (2.53%) cases of mixed type were observed. Total 58 (73.41%) cases had thrombocytopenia. A total of 50 (74.62%) and 6 (60%) cases had thrombocytopenia in P. vivax and P. falciparum, respectively. Total 17 patients (P. vivax - 14, P. falciparum - 2, and mixed - 1) had severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000/?l). Maximum number of the patients belonged to the adolescent age group and was found to statistically significant. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a sensitive indicator for diagnosis of malaria. In a febrile patient with thrombocytopenia, malaria should always be suspected.
Prevalence and presentation of cutaneous lesions in healthy neonates: A single-center study from Eastern India
Authors: Shubhankar Mishra , Pravakar Mishra , Ranjan Bhol Deepak , K Agarwalla Sunil , Sambedana Panigrahy , Swayamsiddha Mishra
Published: June 2020

Background: Skin lesions are much common and specific to neonates. They vary according to age, sex, and geographic region. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different cutaneous lesions in newborns and their association with the type of delivery, age, sex, and maturity. Materials and Methods: This study was done in neonatal follow-up clinic of department of Pediatrics, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha. All the healthy newborns coming to the OPD from January 2015 to December 2016 were included in this prospective study, and their details were recorded in case recording format after taking informed consent from their guardians. Admitted patients were excluded from the study. Statistical assessments were the done by SPSS software. Results: Out of 500 neonates, skin lesionswere found in 366 (73.2%) patients. Physiological cutaneous lesions were most common, consisting 259 (70.7%) neonates. Out of the physiological lesions, benign transient lesions were seen in 163 (44.6%), out of which 95 (25.9%) had papulopustular dermatoses followed by erythema toxicum in 48 (13.1%) cases. Birthmarks were seen in 138 (37.8%) cases; pigmentary birthmarks 89 (24.5%) being the most common birthmarks followed by Mongolian spots in 71 (19.4%) cases. Pathological lesions were seen in 107 (29.3%) cases, of which nappy rash was detected in 65 (18.01%) cases. Term and male babies had a higher incidence of skin lesions. Conclusion: Benign lesions are the most common group of neonatal cutaneous manifestations which is followed by birthmarks. Conditions such as nappy rash and contact dermatitis are common pathological lesions andmajority of them are preventable. Differentiation of the physiologic skin lesions from the pathologic ones is essential to avoid unnecessary therapeutic interventions.
Diagnostic value of superficial cultures for late-onset sepsis
Authors: Adedeji Babatunde Kayode- , Nair V , Wood K Harvey- , Loganathan Prakash
Published: June 2020

Background: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is associated with poor outcome and one of the prevalent causes of death in preterm population; hence, there is always a need for early prediction of sepsis. The performance of routine superficial swab culture is one of the strategies for the early prediction and may help in the selection of appropriate empirical antibiotics. Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of superficial swab cultures for LOS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (November 2015-October 2016) in a tertiary neonatal intensive care. Inclusion criteria were preterm infants with gestationalage ?34 weeks with a diagnosis of sepsis (culture-positive and culture-negative clinical sepsis). In our unit, weekly surveillance swab cultures (skin swab, mouth swab, nasopharyngeal aspirate, and umbilical surface swab) are taken from all admitted neonates, and usually, no interventions are carried out based on these culture results. We excluded infants with surgical diagnosis/congenital anomalies and infants with early-onset sepsis. Results: After exclusion, there were 38 preterm infants fulfilling our inclusion criteria; among them, there were 108 LOS episodes. Blood culture was positive in 33 episodes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (21%) was the most common organism cultured. In our study, superficial swab cultures had a very low diagnostic value, as sensitivity (42.9%), specificity (28.7%), predictive values, and likelihood ratio that all the estimations were low. Conclusions: Superficial swab cultures are associated with low diagnostic value for LOS. Superficial swab culture may be used surveillance of colonizing organism in the neonatal unit and provides antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
Towards an ideal neonatal sepsis screen panel - A review
Authors: Gengaimuthu Karthikeyan , Karthikeyan Vaishni
Published: June 2020

Neonatal sepsis is an important determinant of survival in the neonatal units. Early recognition and institution of antibiotic therapy is the key for successful treatment. Complete blood count and C-reactive protein are the ritualistic commonly used tests that aid the clinician in the initiation and stopping of antibiotic therapy. Procalcitonin at 24 h is useful in diagnosing early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS). Interleukin 6 and CD 11? for EOS and CD 64 for late-onset sepsis are promising candidates for future sepsis screen panel as logistical issues like the cost factor rule out their routine use currently. We summarize the current available evidence on the use of these laboratory markers and the clinical sepsis score and suggest a practical guide for antibiotic therapy (initiation and duration of treatment) for the benefit of practicing pediatricians.
Unintentional injuries in children at pediatric emergency center: A developing country perspective
Authors: Choudhary Bharat , Choudhary Yachana , Gupta Suresh
Published: June 2020

Background: Unintentional injuries are important cause for childhood mortality and long-term morbidity. Developing countries accounts for majority of the childhood deaths due to unintentional injuries. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done at a tertiary care center. Data were obtained from the records of patients. Result: A total of 180 children presented to pediatric emergency during the study period with male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. The injuries were more common in 1-5-year age group. The most common mechanism of injuries were fall (49.4%) and hit by object (11.1%). Most of the injuries occurred at home. Median duration of arrival to hospital was 60 minutes. Out of 180 children, 19 (10.5%) required hospital admission. Injuries over the head and face were significantly associated with hospital admissions (adjusted odds ratio: 6.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.96-21.93, p=0.002).Background: Unintentional injuries are important cause for childhood mortality and long-term morbidity. Developing countries accounts for majority of the childhood deaths due to unintentional injuries. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done at a tertiary care center. Data were obtained from the records of patients. Result: A total of 180 children presented to pediatric emergency during the study period with male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. The injuries were more common in 1-5-year age group. The most common mechanism of injuries were fall (49.4%) and hit by object (11.1%). Most of the injuries occurred at home. Median duration of arrival to hospital was 60 minutes. Out of 180 children, 19 (10.5%) required hospital admission. Injuries over the head and face were significantly associated with hospital admissions (adjusted odds ratio: 6.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.96-21.93, p=0.002). Conclusion: Pediatric injuries are common in India. Male children are at higher risk. Injuries over the head and face are associated with higher rates of hospitalization in children. Pediatric injuries are common in India. Male children are at higher risk. Injuries over the head and face are associated with higher rates of hospitalization in children.
Varicella-associated immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a child with bleeding manifestations with review of literature
Authors: Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2020

Chickenpox is a benign and self-limiting viral exanthematous infection, but sometimes it may be associated with complications. Mild thrombocytopenia occurs in 1-2% of children with varicella, but severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia associated with bleeding is a rare complication. Various other mechanisms for thrombocytopenia have been implicated-decreased bone marrow production of platelets, disseminated intravascular coagulation, virally-induced platelet aggregation followed by phagocytosis or lysis, direct viral invasion of platelet precursors and viral-derived neuraminidase causing enzymatic desialylation of platelets followed by removal of abnormal platelets by reticuloendothelial system. We report a case of severe thrombocytopenia, possibly immune-mediated with bleeding in the form of petechiae and epistaxis in a child recovering from chickenpox, who is successfully treated with steroids. This may at least in part guide clinicians to recognize this rare but potentially dangerous complication of chickenpox.
Parietal wall post-traumatic hernia with multiple injuries: A rare case report
Authors: Apte Ashwin , Dausage Chirag Shanti
Published: June 2020

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare entity. Most of the cases occur in children, following an injury from the bicycle handlebar. In adults, it usually results from road traffic accidents (RTA). The diagnosis may often be established with physical examination alone. Conventional radiology, computerized tomography, and ultrasound have also proven useful. Due to the high incidence of other associated intra-abdominal injuries, early exploration and repair through a midline incision are advocated. Adequate debridement and solid repair of fascial planes with non-absorbable sutures are required to prevent recurrence. We present a case of TAWH following RTA managed by delayed repair without mesh.
INVESTIGATION ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING PERFORMANCE OF COPPER PLATE AND COPPER COMPOSITE FABRICS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: ÖZKAN İlkan
Published: June 2020

Recently, the advantages of protective textile
materials such as cost effectiveness, flexibility, lightweight etc. over metal
plates are emphasized in many studies. However, these studies did not provide a
comparison of protective performances between fabrics and metal plates. In this
study, electromagnetic shielding performances of copper plate and metal
composite woven/knitted fabrics were compared. For this purpose,
electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of single and double layer copper plate
and metal composite fabrics were measured in vertical and horizontal
directions. As a result, copper plate showed better performance than composite
fabric samples in both measurement directions. However, the composite fabrics
did not show an effective performance in horizontal direction. EMSE behavior of
copper plate was similar for both direction due to the isotropic structure and
this performance maintained in higher frequency level. On the other hand, gaps
in the structure of composite fabrics caused the decreasing in EMSE performance
against increasing frequency.
Sport Brand Positioning Strategies and Position-Congruity on Financial Performance
Authors: Lee J. Lucy , Won June , Farr Donald G.
Published: June 2020

Abstract: Despite the importance of positioning in marketing, we have little empirical evidence about the characteristics of positioning strategy that influence effectiveness and the relationship between position-congruity and positioning efficiency. By applying multiple methodologies, we examined six golf brands to discover the effectiveness of brand positioning strategies and the relationship between position-congruity and efficiency. We found that (1) feature positioning strategy was as effective as benefit positioning strategy; (2) surrogate positioning strategy was most effective; and (3) a linear relationship exists between positioning efficiency and brand position-congruity between intended and perceived positioning.
O contemporâneo na psicanálise: Um mal-estar incontornável
Authors: Pereira Marcio Garrit
Published: June 2020

Esse artigo tem como objetivo pontuar alguns possíveis fatores que corroboram com o mal-estar que a psicanálise vem enfrentando na contemporaneidade. Desde que a psicanálise foi criada, há mais de um século, trazendo grandes transformações na forma de entendimento da subjetividade humana, inúmeros outros conceitos foram estruturados, evidenciando se as bases teóricas deixadas por Freud e as influências culturais que direcionaram o trabalho do mesmo, ainda podem ser utilizadas como proposta psicoterapêutica. Com isso, iniciaremos nossa pesquisa a partir do próprio Freud e seu trabalho datado de 1910 a respeito do futuro da psicanálise e lançaremos mão de psicanalistas pós freudianos preocupados em responder e entender tal temática; almejando assim apontar para alguns caminhos importantes para uma contínua conciliação da psicanálise com a cultura.
Бессознательное знание предмета и желание аналитика в наркологической клинике
Authors: Rocha Lorena Fabiani da
Published: June 2020

Клиническая помощь пациентам с наркотиками требует, чтобы наблюдались бессознательные размеры испытуемого, который принимал лекарства и сопровождающего аналитика, учитывая, что эти измерения предшествуют и подразумевают состояние пациента в зависимости. Таким образом, эта работа направлена на уточнение психоаналитических точек зрения, которые определяют подход токсикоманофеномена в области ухода. Такие понятия, как “бессознательное” и “аналитическое желание”, были приняты для того, чтобы выяснить, как аналитическая ситуация представляет собой индивидуализирующий метод лечения и выступает против классического метода психиатрии. Поэтому подчеркивается наличие у каждого пациента знания о его наркомании, которое не было предсказано медицинской нозологией. Таким образом, психиатрическая техника считается недостаточной и изучается подход, который стремится лучше интерпретировать наркоманию, имея в качестве инструмента для основания желание аналитика. Помимо центральных понятий, приносимых названием, работа также проходит через понятия “язык”, “малас в культуре”, “я”, “мономания”, “кастрация” и “драйв созревания”. Исследование началось с библиографического метода исследования, ссылаясь на тему «Наркомания» в сфере психоанализа и классической психиатрии. Использовалась литература освященных авторов, которые перекрестно доверяют таким знаниям, как Фрейд, Лакан и Берчери.
Estimated doses of melatonin for treating deadly virus infections: focus on COVID-19
Authors: Tan Dun-Xian , Hardeland Rüdiger
Published: June 2020

Increased evidence implies that melatonin may be a promising molecule for combating COVID-19 due to its potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory capacities. A frequently asked question concerns the suitable dosage of melatonin for deadly virus infections including COVID-19 patients. The golden standards for a suitable dosage of medicine are safety and effectiveness. By reviewing the pharmacokinetics as well as animal studies and clinical trials of melatonin in the deadly viral infections and sepsis, we estimate that a dose of 8 mg/kg/day of melatonin is suitable for COVID-19 patients, especially for the severe cases. To maintain an elevated melatonin serum level lasting longer and smoother, this daily dose can be divided into 5 sub-doses with the initial dose of doubling over the other sub-doses. The recommended dose is in the ranges used to treat septic patients clinically and is devoid of any adverse effect; thus, it is safe. This dose is calculated from an effective dose which significantly reduces the mortality of virus-infected mice and is, therefore, assumed to be effective for COVID-19 severe patients. In our opinion, a dose or a medicine which can only improve the symptoms of mild or moderately severe patients of COVID-19 lack biological significance since virus infection is a self-limited disease and most of the patients with mild or moderate symptoms will recover by themselves whether treated or not. A meaningful treatment is to target the severe patients and significantly reduce the resulting mortality. The suggested melatonin dose is, thus, mainly recommended for the severe COVID-19 patients. The possibility of using suppositories for the delivery of highly dosed melatonin is also addressed, since long-term experience with this treatment is available for another disease.
Plasticity of glucose metabolism in activated immune cells: advantages for melatonin inhibition of COVID-19 disease
Authors: Reiter Russel J , Sharma Ramaswamy , Ma Qiang , Liu Changwei , Manucha Walter , Abreu-Gonzalez Pedro , Dominguez-Rodriguez Alberto
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 has infected hundreds of thousands and killed tens of thousands of people worldwide and it continues to ravage societies as well as fiscal and economic stability of several countries.  Currently, several drugs that were designed for other conditions have been repurposed to counter the COVID-19 pandemic.  Some have modest efficacy in resisting this disease, but all of them have significant toxicity.  Several pharmaceutical companies are rushing to develop vaccines, but their availability is 8 to 12 months in the future.  In the meantime, readily available and affordable molecules that will have utility as COVID-19 antidotes are being sought.  Recently, several groups independently and almost simultaneously proposed that melatonin should be considered for this purpose and several trials are underway to test whether melatonin is a reliable candidate drug for COVID-19 treatment.  In this brief review, we described some potential mechanisms by which melatonin may work to protect against a COVID-19 infection.  Of particular note is the likely ability of melatonin to force activated immune cells to abandon aerobic glycolysis in favor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.  Aerobic glycolysis gives proinflammatory activated immune cells, for example, macrophages, an opportunity to produce increased amounts of cytokines which are released as the cytokine storm.  The associated significant increase in oxidative stress is accepted as a major contributing factor to the bronchoalveolar dysfunction and pneumonia that occurs in COVID-19-infected individuals.  Melatonin, via similar processes, may reduce the formation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages and convert them to macrophages of the M2 phenotype, which are anti-inflammatory.  These are not the only mechanisms by which melatonin may protect against the deadly COVID-19 pandemic.  Melatonin could also be given as an adjuvant with other toxic pharmaceutical agents with a high likelihood it would reduce their side effects.
Determination of Teacher Candidates’ Awareness of Environmental Ethics
Authors: Güriçin Ceylan , SEVİNÇ Ömer Seyfettin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the awareness levels of teacher candidates about environmental ethics. A survey model from quantitative research methods was used to determine the environmental ethics awareness levels of teacher candidates. An environmental ethics awareness scale was used as the data collection tool, and the working group of the study consisted of all teacher candidates studying in the Faculty of Education of a state university in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The data collected were analyzed in terms of statistical methods, including arithmetic means, standard deviations, the Kruskal Wallis H test, and the Mann Whitney U test. According to the findings of the study, environmental ethics awareness levels of teacher candidates were higher than average. Furthermore, there were no differences for gender, maternal education, paternal education, high school graduated from, department of study, monthly income of the family, class level, or residence of the student prior to university.
ФІНАНСОВО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ СТРАХОВИХ КОМПАНІЙ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Коваленко Ю. М. , Літвін Я. А.
Published: June 2020

У статті досліджено специфіку інвестиційної діяльності страхових компаній як складову їх основної діяльності. Визначено фінансовий та фінансово-інвестиційний потенціал страховика. Запропоновано основні засади механізму формування та складу цього фінансового-інвестиційного потенціалу. Ідентифіковано умови забезпечення платоспроможності страховика, систему та склад страхових резервів. Проілюстровано динаміку активів та страхових резервів в Україні. Проаналізовано розподіл страховиків за активами, а також розміщення страхових резервів на сучасному етапі.
ІСТОРИЧНІ ТА СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ СПІВПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ З МІЖНАРОДНИМ ВАЛЮТНИМ ФОНДОМ
Authors: Ковальчук Н. І. , Ковальчук В. М.
Published: June 2020

У статті охарактеризовано етапи, механізми, сучасний стан, проблемита переваги співпраці Україниз Міжнародним валютним фондом,окреслено цілі та тенденції розвитку відносин з МВФ, розкрито підстави щодо подальшого їх вдосконалення. З викладеного матеріалу можна зробити висновки, що подальше співробітництво України з Міжнародним валютним фондом повинно базуватися на проведенні глибоких структурних реформ і сприятиме стабілізації економіки,що відмова відкредитних послуг МВФ згубно вплине на стабільність української економіки.При виборі інструментів взаємовідносин з МВФ необхідно враховувати особливості сучасної економіки нашої країни і спиратисья на накопичений власний досвід і досвід інших держав.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ТА МЕТОДИКА АНАЛІЗУ ПОДАТКОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВО: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: Мельничук Г. С.
Published: June 2020

Обґрунтовано важливість аналізу податкового навантаження на підприємство для прийняття виважених управлінських рішень. Розглянуто наукові підходи до виокремлення етапів проведення аналізу та методики визначення податкового навантаження на підприємство. Сформульовано мету, розкрито послідовність та методи проведення аналізу податкового навантаження на підприємство. У дослідженні було використано такі методи як: індукція та дедукція, логічне узагальнення, критичний аналіз і синтез, порівняння, табличний метод. Обґрунтовані пропозиції можуть бути корисними для порівняння рівня податкового навантаження на підприємства.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ НЕДЕРЖАВНИХ ПЕНСІЙНИХ ФОНДІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Побоча К. П. , Ходаківська М. Ю.
Published: June 2020

Стаття присвячена розв’язанню науково-практичного завдання щодо розроблення та обґрунтування теоретичних положень і практичних рекомендацій для забезпечення підвищення ефективності управління фінансовими ресурсами недержавних пенсійних фондів (НПФ) України в умовах соціально-економічної нестабільності. З’ясовано особливості фінансових ресурсів недержавних пенсійних фондів, а саме: формування та використання фінансових ресурсів здійснюється згідно із законодавством; цільове призначення чітко визначене; їх надходження та вилучення має циклічний характер; накопичення та зберігання фінансових ресурсів довготермінове; їх розпорядження здійснює компанія з управління активами. Досліджено, що НПФ свої фінансові ресурси спрямовують на пенсійні виплати, інші зобов’язання, видатки та придбання активів.
СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ КОНКУРЕНТНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Вовк О. М. , Ковальчук А. М.
Published: June 2020

В статті досліджено процеси стратегічного управління розвитком підприємства з акцентуванням уваги дослідників на застосуванні функцій менеджменту у проектуванні етапів забезпечення ефективності змін та розкритті ролі конкурентоспроможності підприємства в досягненні поставлених цілей. Метою дослідження є удосконалення теоретикометодичних основ стратегічного управління розвитком підприємства. Методичний інструментарій, що використовувався під час підготовки статті, включає методи ретроспективного аналізу, систематизації й класифікації, графічного представленні результатів. Основними науковими результатами є авторське узагальнення видів розвитку економічних систем, що на відміну від існуючих здійснено відповідно до трактувань поняття «економічний розвиток»; уточнено поняття «стратегічне управління розвитком підприємства»; запропоновано власне бачення процесу стратегічного управління розвитком при нарощуванні ефективності шляхом застосування функціонального підходу та з урахуванням особливостей діяльності авіаційних підприємств промислової галузі.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ БЕЗПЕКИ БАНКІВСЬКОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Пухальська Н. О.
Published: June 2020

У статті розглянуто різні точки зору сутності поняття «безпека кредитної діяльності». Коротко проаналізовано сучасний стан кредитного портфеля банків України. Також в роботі розглядаються теоретичні та методологічні засади фінансової безпеки банківських установ, а саме: відображена сутність кредитної безпеки банку, загрози кредитній безпеці та ризики їх виникнення. Встановлено, що банки не змогли швидко адаптуватися до фінансового-економічних шоків та незмінної нестабільності у політичній сфері. Перш за все, це стало причиною збільшення рівня кредитного ризику, що в свою чергу, призводить до збільшення обсягів резервування та зменшення інвестиційних можливостей. Тому було запропоновано шляхи покращення фінансової кредитної безпеки банків.
ОЗНАКИ ЗАГРОЗ ЕКОНОМІЧНІЙ БЕЗПЕЦІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Снігир Л. П.
Published: June 2020

У статті обґрунтовано ознаки загроз економічній безпеці підприємств. Виявлено причини утворення загроз економічній безпеці підприємств і тенденції, що негативно впливають на економічну безпеку підприємств такі, як поглинання підприємств, форсоване банкрутство підприємств, явна дестабілізація системи управління підприємствами, що переслідує цілі захоплення контролю за підприємствами, застосування силових структур при вирішенні корпоративних конфліктів тощо. Підкреслено, що фактори ризику, небезпеки та загрози можна згрупувати за різними класифікаційними ознаками.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЦИКЛІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Сосновська О. О. , Деденко Л. В.
Published: June 2020

У статті визначено, що циклічність є характерною ознакою функціонування сучасної економіки. Економічні цикли слід досліджувати на прикладі регіонів, галузей, окремих підприємств та країни. Розглядаючи стійке функціонування підприємства в умовах циклічності слід враховувати життєвий цикл кожного з елементів економічної системи. Доведено, що належний рівень економічної безпеки підприємства є необхідним фактором забезпечення його стійкого функціонування в умовах циклічних проявів економіки. Вивчення характерних особливостей щодо впливу фаз економічних циклів на ефективність діяльності підприємств є важливим завданням для досягнення цільових орієнтирів в умовах невизначеної економічної динаміки.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ РЕГУЛЯТИВНОГО ВПЛИВУ ДЕРЖАВИ НА ГЕНЕЗУ МИТНИХ ВІДНОСИН У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ МИТНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ
Authors: Шевчук С. В. , Мискін Ю. І. , Цимбалюк Д. В.
Published: June 2020

У статті досліджено еволюція регулятивного впливу держави на генезис митних відносин у контексті забезпечення митних інтересів. Здійснено логіко-гносеологічний аналізу взаємозв’язків між суб’єктами господарювання в процесі державотворення та зародження митних відносин, що дозволило відобразити казуальні зв'язки між ними у еволюційній ретроспективі. Встановлено, що до первопричин змін регулятивної поведінки держави та суб’єктів господарювання, варто віднести перегляд та переорієнтацію державних інтересів, які з позиції еволюційного розвитку відігравали роль ключового фактора економічної безпеки держави. В рамках дослідження зроблено припущення про давню природу митних інтересів, що стали одними із ключових чинників забезпечення економічних інтересів та безпеки держави. Розроблено періодизацію особливостей регулятивного впливу держави на розвиток митних відносин у контексті забезпечення митних інтересів.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ЗА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Щур Р. І.
Published: June 2020

У статті досліджено систему здійснення контролюючими органами державного фінансового контролю за діяльністю об’єднаних територіальних громад. Проаналізовано практику здійснення фінансового контролю виконання бюджетів об’єднаних територіальних громад Державною аудиторською службою України. Розглянуто проблемні аспекти внутрішнього фінансового контролю за ефективністю використання фінансових ресурсів об’єднаних територіальних громад.
THE UKRAINIAN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS MARKETS IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Данькевич А. П.
Published: June 2020

In the article are considered discrepancy of the standard legislation of Ukraine to the international regulation of the markets of financial instruments. It is established that the main differences concern: mutual recognition between regulatory bodies of the Ukrainian security market and their colleagues from EU member states.
ФІНАНСОВА СТІЙКІСТЬ СТРАХОВИХ КОМПАНІЙ: УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ
Authors: Богріновцева Л. М. , Житар М. О. , Чамор Г. С.
Published: June 2020

У статті розглянуто сутність трактування поняття «фінансова стійкість» з точки зору різних науковців, що, в свою чергу, дало змогу узагальнити теоретичні засади щодо її значення та необхідності. Запропоновано класифікацію ризиків, що виникають в процесі страхової діяльності та, які впливають на її фінансову стійкість зокрема. Визначено, що основними з них є внутрішні та зовнішні, в складі яких було виділено основні групи та підгрупи факторів впливу на їх фінансову стійкість. А також представлений механізм хеджування ризиків на основі низки методів та прийомів зменшення можливих втрат з метою забезпечення її прибутковості й фінансової стійкості та визначено важливість управління ризиками, що є одним з невід’ємних елементів досягнення як фінансової стійкості, так і економічної безпеки страховика в цілому.
ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ФІНАНСОВИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЇ: РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Кужелєв М. О.
Published: June 2020

У статті висвітлено питання організації державного фінансового контрою в Україні в умовах децентралізації. Розглянуто систему органів державного фінансового контролю. Проаналізовано управління фінансами України, зокрема фінансовий контроль на регіональному рівні. Визначено, що фінансовий контроль на регіональному рівні є незалежним джерелом для виявлення причин порушень, а також ефективним засобом для прийняття рішень щодо запобігання порушенням. Розглянуто основні проблеми здійснення державного фінансового контролю. Обґрунтовано напрями розвитку системи державного фінансового контролю в Україні в умовах децентралізації зважаючи на соціально-економічний розвиток країни.
МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ТІНЬОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУБ’ЄКТІВ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: Левшук А. А.
Published: June 2020

У статті детально розглядаються причини, основні форми та вплив тіньового сектору малого бізнесу на всю економічну систему. Досліджені ключові проблеми тінізації малого підприємництва. Відображена ситуація нелегального бізнесу в Україні, виокремлені основні сфери розповсюдження цього явища.
ШЛЯХИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Ліснічук О. А. , Матвійчук В. В.
Published: June 2020

В статті досліджується теоретичний аспект сучасного стану малого підприємництва в Україні, розглядаються його проблемні сторони. Зазначено негативні та позитивні чинники впливу на діяльність малого бізнесу. Розглянуто питання, що стосуються бізнес-середовища в Україні. Проаналізовано основні показники дослідження «Індексів настроїв малого бізнесу» та сприятливості умов ведення бізнесу, а саме рейтингу Світового банку «Doing Business». Зображено динаміку показників України в рейтингу «Ведення бізнесу – 2018». У статті розглянуто та запропоновано шляхи та заходи для покращення діяльності підприємства, бізнес-середовища та подальшого забезпечення його ефективного функціонування в Україні для майбутнього розвитку економіки загалом.