bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical binding of pyridine on TiO2 nanocrystalline film and its photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Huang Kangsheng , Jia Jianguang , Zhou Xiaowen , Lin Yuan , Xiao Xurui
Published: December 2009

Aiming to bind molecules without O-containing groups such as the –OH or –COOH functional groups, a new two-step method involving thermal activation and followed by an in situ chemical reaction was suggested, and the binding of the pyridine molecule on TiO2 nanocrystalline films was realized. UV-Vis, FTIR, and XPS characterizations revealed that pyridine molecules are chemically linked to the TiO2 surface by forming Ti-pyridine bonds. Mott-Schottky measurements indicated that the binding of pyridine results in a positive shift of the flat band potential for TiO2 nanocrystalline film, which is attributed to the alternating surface dipole moment of TiO2 nanocrystals upon pyridine binding. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical investigations indicated that the binding of pyridine on TiO2 nanocrystalline film has high electrochemical and photoelectrochemical stability.
Photoinduced degradation of organic dye over LiBiO3 under illumination of white fluorescent light
Authors: Kikugawa Naoki , Yang Liqun , Matsumoto Takehiko , Ye Jinhua
Published: December 2009

We report dye-degradation effects of a semiconductor LiBiO3 revealed under illumination of a conventionally used white fluorescent light. Optical absorbance spectra of LiBiO3 were broadened so smoothly, with the absorption edge penetrated to around 730 nm, that the material was able to absorb a wide range of visible light. Results showed that solution of a standard dye, methylene blue, was degraded completely after 4 h illumination. Furthermore, the value of total organic carbon decreased 70% in the decolorized solution, suggesting that the molecular form of the original methylene blue was mineralized effectively to nonorganic fragments by the photoinduced oxidization effect. Moreover, the wavelength dependence of apparent photonic efficiency was evaluated using a standard Xe lamp coupled with monochromatic filters. These results were interpreted from the viewpoint of this material’s electronic structure.
Antiphotocorrosive photocatalysts containing CdS nanoparticles and exfoliated TiO2 nanosheets
Authors: Yan Xiaoxia , Liu Gang , Wang Lianzhou , Wang Yong , Zhu Xianfang , Zou Jin , Qing (Max) Lu Gao
Published: December 2009

Aimed at designing an efficient visible light active photocatalyst and suppressing the self-corrosion tendency of CdS nanoparticles, a novel composite consisting of CdS nanoparticles and exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) TiO2 nanosheets was successfully fabricated using a simple self-assembly process. The prepared samples were characterized using various techniques including x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the exfoliated 2D nanosheets played an important role as an ultrathin coating to suppress the photocorrosion of CdS nanoparticles, evidenced by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer analysis. The resultant CdS/TiO2 composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity in the oxidation of Rhodamine B in water under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm).
GH modulates hepatic epidermal growth factor signaling in the mouse
Authors: González Lorena , Díaz Ma. Eugenia , Miquet Johanna G , Sotelo Ana I , Fernández Diego , Dominici Fernando P , Bartke Andrzej , Turyn Daniel
Published: December 2009

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a key regulator of cell survival and proliferation involved in the pathogenesis and progression of different types of cancer. The EGF receptor (EGFR) is activated by binding of the specific ligand but also by transactivation triggered by different growth factors including GH. Chronically, elevated GH levels have been associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering EGF and GH involvement in cell proliferation and their signaling crosstalk, the objective of the present study was to analyze GH modulatory effects on EGF signaling in liver. For this purpose, GH receptor-knockout (GHR-KO) and GH-overexpressing transgenic mice were used. EGFR content was significantly decreased in GHR-KO mice. Consequently, EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, ERK1/2, STAT3, and STAT5 was significantly decreased in these mice. In contrast, EGFR content as well as its basal tyrosine phosphorylation was increased in transgenic mice overexpressing GH. However, EGF stimulation caused similar levels of EGFR, AKT, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in normal and transgenic mice, while EGF induction of STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation was inhibited in the transgenic mice. Desensitization of the STATs was related to decreased association of these proteins to the EGFR and increased association between STAT5 and the tyrosine phosphatase SH2-containing phosphatase-2. While GHR knockout is associated with diminished expression of the EGFR and a concomitant decrease in EGF signaling, GH overexpression results in EGFR overexpression with different effects depending on the signaling pathway analyzed: AKT and ERK1/2 pathways are induced by EGF, while STAT3 and STAT5 activation is heterologously desensitized.
Dip‐pen nanolithography on SiOx and tissue‐derived substrates: comparison with multiple biological inks
Authors: Kramer Marcus A. , Park Heyjin C. , Ivanisevic Albena
Published: December 2009

There has been extensive interest in the micro and nanoscale manipulation of various substrates in the past few decades. One promising technique is dip‐pen nanolithography which has shown the capability to pattern substrates of all forms including, tissue‐derived substrates. Patterning of tissue‐derived substrates is of particular interest, as it would facilitate studies into controlling cell morphology and cell–substrate interaction. To expand the field into this area both peptides and bioactive collagen‐binding peptide‐linked biomolecules were patterned to the inner collagenous zone of the Bruch's membrane (BM). Collagen‐binding peptide, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins laminin and fibronectin were patterned on the BM and SiOx. The lithographic protocol was facilitated by Triton X‐100 which was used to clean the tissue‐derived construct after harvesting. This produced a collagen‐exposed BM which was more hydrophilic (contact angle 67°±8.49°) surface compared with other cleaning methods but it maintained similar surface roughness (root‐mean‐square) 80±18 nm and collagen exposure. This type of surface can be readily patterned with the chosen inks under lower humidity conditions. SCANNING 32: 30–34, 2010. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Use of Lactational Amenorrhea as A Method of Family Planning in Eastern Turkey and Influential Factors
Authors: Türk Rukiye , Terzioǧlu Füsun , Eroǧlu Kafiye
Published: December 2009

Although the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is commonly used for contraception, it frequently fails and pregnancy ensues. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the status of the use of breastfeeding as a method of family planning and the influential factors that may have contributed to the success or failure of LAM. The research sample was comprised of 188 women with 6‐month‐old infants in eastern Turkey. A semistructured interview form was used for data collection in face‐to‐face meetings with the women during visits in their homes. In this study, 34% of the women used LAM to prevent pregnancy after childbirth. However, it was observed that only 17.2% of women using LAM fulfilled the LAM criteria with success, and 82.8% did not fulfill one or more of the LAM criteria. The pregnancy rate of women using this method was 32.8%. Two of the three basic criteria necessary for LAM to be effective were not met by the women: having menses (43.8%) and starting supplemental feeding (70.3%).

Prenatal and postnatal counseling services need to be integrated and include information and education about the criteria that are necessary for LAM to be used effectively. These services should be given to women who choose to use LAM for contraception.
A Community Intervention on Portion Control Aimed at Weight Loss in Low‐Income Mexican American Women
Authors: Faucher Mary Ann , Mobley Julie
Published: December 2009

A pilot study was conducted to determine if a nutritional intervention aimed at portion control leads to significant weight loss in a community of low‐income Mexican American women. Nineteen low‐income Mexican American women were randomized to a standard care group or an intervention group in portion control. The trial was 20 weeks in length, and the intervention included four 2‐hour classes. Both interventions were administered by a certified nurse‐midwife (CNM) and a promotora de salud (i.e., lay health advisor). Women in the intervention group lost more weight than women in the standard care group, though this difference was not statistically significant. The mean weight loss in the intervention group was 6.57 pounds (2.9 kg) compared to a mean weight loss of 2.8 pounds (1.3 kg) in the standard care group (P = .47). Mean weight loss, regardless of group, was significantly greater when participants reported self‐weighing (P = .02). This pilot study in portion control for low‐income Mexican American women merits further study.
Discrete and Continuous Nonlinear Schrödinger Systems
Authors: Ablowitz M. J. , Prinari B. , Trubatch A. D.
Published: December 2009

In recent years there have been important and far reaching developments in the study of nonlinear waves and a class of nonlinear wave equations which arise frequently in applications. The wide interest in this field comes from the understanding of special waves called 'solitons' and the associated development of a method of solution to a class of nonlinear wave equations termed the inverse scattering transform (IST). Before these developments, very little was known about the solutions to such 'soliton equations'. The IST technique applies to both continuous and discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations of scalar and vector type. Also included is the IST for the Toda lattice and nonlinear ladder network, which are well-known discrete systems. This book, first published in 2003, presents the detailed mathematical analysis of the scattering theory; soliton solutions are obtained and soliton interactions, both scalar and vector, are analyzed. Much of the material is not available in the previously-published literature.
Looking for Work, Searching for Workers
Authors: Rosenbloom Joshua L.
Published: December 2009

The dynamic character of American industrialization produced imbalances between the supply of and demand for labor across cities and regions. This book describes how employers and job-seekers responded to these imbalances to create networks of labor market communication and assistance capable of mobilizing the massive redistribution of population that was essential to maintain the rapid pace of the nation's economic growth between the Civil War and World War I. It combines a detailed description of the emerging labor market institutions with a careful analysis of a variety of quantitative evidence to assess the broader economic implications for geographic wage convergence and for American economic growth. Despite an expansion in the geographic scope of labor markets at this time, the evidence suggests that labor market institutions reinforced regional divisions within the United States and left a lasting impact on the evolution of many other aspects of the employment relationship.
Missionary Writing and Empire, 1800–1860
Authors: Johnston Anna
Published: December 2009

Anna Johnston analyses missionary writing under the aegis of the British Empire. Johnston argues that missionaries occupied ambiguous positions in colonial cultures, caught between imperial and religious interests. She maps out this position through an examination of texts published by missionaries of the largest, most influential nineteenth-century evangelical institution, the London Missionary Society. These texts provide a fascinating commentary on nineteenth-century evangelism and colonialism, and illuminate complex relationships between white imperial subjects, white colonial subjects, and non-white colonial subjects. With their reformist, and often prurient interest in sexual and familial relationships, missionary texts focused imperial attention on gender and domesticity in colonial cultures. Johnston contends that in doing so they rewrote imperial expansion as a moral allegory and confronted British ideologies of gender, race and class. Texts from Indian, Polynesian and Australian missions are examined to highlight their representation of nineteenth-century evangelical activity in relation to gender, colonialism and race.
British Poetry in the Age of Modernism
Authors: Howarth Peter
Published: December 2009

If Modernist poetry dominated the early twentieth century, what did it mean for British poets like Thomas Hardy, Edward Thomas and Wilfred Owen not to be Modernist? This is the first critical account of how non-Modernist poetry responded to the Modernist revolution. Peter Howarth uncovers the origins of the battles over poetic style still being fought today, and connects the early twentieth-century controversy about poetic form with contemporary social and political developments and the trauma of the First World War. Howarth argues that at the heart of the division between modern and traditional poetic form are different ideas of freedom, power and individuality. Scholars and students of twentieth-century poetry will find this an informative and inspiring account of the themes and debates that have shaped British poetry of the last hundred years.
Proust as Musician
Authors: Nattiez Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2009

Does one need to know the rules of harmony to be considered a musician? Throughout A la recherche du temps perdu, and particularly ' Swann in Love', Proust displays a surprising sensitivity to the way music is heard, a sensitivity to which we owe some of the most beautiful writing on music. Through a study of the texts devoted to the Sonata and Septet of Vinteui, Jean-Jacques Nattiez demonstrates the fundamental role played by music in the evolution of the novel. He also shows how Debussy, Wagner and Beethoven provide the basis for a mystical quest whose goal is pure music and the literary absolute. Music as model for literature: this is the subject of Professor Nattiez's essay, which unravels the various musical themes running through Proust's work, and which thus constitutes a particularly clear and perceptive introduction to his writing.
Constitutional Protection of Human Rights in Latin America
Authors: Brewer-Carías Allan R.
Published: December 2009

Together with the expansive process of human rights constitutional declarations, in addition to the writ of habeas corpus and of habeas data, Latin American constitutions created a specific judicial remedy for the protection of constitutional rights, known as the suit, action, recourse, or writ of amparo. After spreading throughout Latin America, it was incorporated in the American Convention of Human Rights. It is similar to the 'injunctions' and the other equitable remedies of the United States legal system. This book examines, with a comparative constitutional law approach, trends in the constitutional and legal regulations in all Latin American countries regarding the amparo proceeding. It is an abridged version of the course of lectures the author gave at the Columbia Law School analyzing the regulations of the seventeen amparo statutes in force in Latin America, as well as the regulation on the amparo guarantee established in Article 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights.
Twentieth-Century Diplomacy
Authors: Young John W.
Published: December 2009

In contrast to most works of international history, which dwell on particular relationships, strategies, wars or crises, the questions in this book are about how diplomacy was actually conducted. The period 1963–76 saw significant changes in diplomatic practice globally. It was particularly a time of change for Britain as the country negotiated its declining world power and joined the European Community and economic problems forced spending cuts. Looking at the reform of the British Diplomatic Service and Foreign Office as well as the role of ambassadors, the use of 'special' envoys, summits and state visits, John Young sheds light on how diplomacy was organised in order to put into effect the country's foreign policy and on how diplomatic practice changed over time to make it more effective. Drawing comparisons with other countries, especially the United States, this study focuses on the means of diplomacy rather than the ends.
Identity Before Identity Politics
Authors: Nicholson Linda
Published: December 2009

In the late 1960s identity politics emerged on the political landscape and challenged prevailing ideas about social justice. These politics brought forth a new attention to social identity, an attention that continues to divide people today. While previous studies have focused on the political movements of this period, they have neglected the conceptual prehistory of this political turn. Linda Nicholson's engaging book situates this critical moment in its historical framework, analyzing the concepts and traditions of racial and gender identity that can be traced back to late eighteenth-century Europe and America. She examines how changing ideas about social identity over the last several centuries both helped and hindered successive social movements, and explores the consequences of this historical legacy for the women's and black movements of the 1960s. This insightful study will be of particular interest to students and scholars of political history, identity politics and US history.
Nomads in Archaeology
Authors: Cribb Roger
Published: December 2009

Nomads in Archaeology addresses the problem of how to study mobile peoples using archaeological techniques. It therefore deals not only with the prehistory and archaeology of nomads but also with current issues in theory and methodology, particularly the concept of 'site structure'. This is the first volume to be devoted exclusively to nomad archaeology. It includes sections on the history and origins of pastoral nomad societies, the economics of pastoralism, social organisation of pastoral communities and the 'visibility threshold' of nomad material culture. Examples and case studies are drawn from field work and published sources primarily in Turkey and Iran.
Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire
Authors: Mann
Published: December 2009

This book is an attempt to discover the origins and significance of the General Prologue-to the Canterbury Tales. The interest of such an inquiry is many-sided. On the one hand, it throws light on the question of whether `life' or 'literature' was Chaucer's model in this work, on the relationship between Chaucer's twenty-odd pilgrims and the structure of medieval society, and on the role of their `estate' in determining the elements of which Chaucer composes their portraits. On the other hand, it makes suggestions about the ways in which Chaucer convinces us of the individuality of his pilgrims, about the nature of his irony, and the kind of moral standards implicit in the Prologue. This book suggests that Chaucer is ironically substituting for the traditional moral view of social structure a vision of a world where morality becomes as specialised to the individual as his work-life.
Russian Literature and Empire
Authors: Layton Susan
Published: December 2009

This is the first book to provide a synthesising study of Russian writing about the Caucasus during the nineteenth-century age of empire-building. From Pushkin's ambivalent portrayal of an alpine Circassia to Tolstoy's condemnation of tsarist aggression against Muslim tribes in Hadji Murat, the literary analysis is firmly set in its historical context, and the responses of the Russian readership too receive extensive attention. As well as exploring literature as such, this study introduces material from travelogues, oriental studies, ethnography, memoirs, and the utterances of tsarist officials and military commanders. While showing how literature often underwrote imperialism, the book carefully explores the tensions between the Russian state's ideology of a European mission to civilise the Muslim mountaineers, and romantic perceptions of those tribes as noble primitives whose extermination was no cause for celebration. By dealing with imperialism in Georgia as well, the study shows how the varied treatment of the Caucasus in literature helped Russians construct a satisfying identity for themselves as a semi-European, semi-Asian people.
Atonement and Incarnation
Authors: White Vernon
Published: December 2009

In this book Vernon White sets out to address the crisis of credibility that increasingly has affected traditional claims made for the Atonement, and attempts to explain how the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ can have a universal saving significance. The present work stands as something of a sequel to the author's earlier book The Fall of a Sparrow, which attempted to show how God might be conceived as being universally and specially active in the world. In this study, White concentrates on the saving nature of that activity, and the coherence which he feels emerges if this is grounded in the particularity of the Christ-event. In defending the constitutive nature of Christ's role in the salvation of the world, without relying on Anselmian or penal substitutionary models of atonement, White proposes an atonement model which could rehabilitate such a belief without offending moral and conceptual sensibilities. A supporting chapter is provided outlining the kind of christology required to sustain this model, while the final chapters of the book discuss the ethical implications of the position adopted.
The Concept of Purity at Qumran and in the Letters of Paul
Authors: Newton Michael
Published: December 2009

This examination of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Letters of Paul finds that, in both these bodies of literature, religious self-understanding is expressed in terms of the concept of purity so important to primitive religion and earlier Judaism. Dr Newton contradicts the view held by most scholars that the traditional Jewish attitude to purity had no place in Christianity. By using the concept of purity not unlike that at Qumran or of Pharisaic and Rabbinic Judaism, Paul could elucidate his views on, among other things, the nature of the Church, the divine presence, the basis of ethical behaviour and the significance of the death of Jesus.
Mill and Liberalism
Authors: Cowling Maurice
Published: December 2009

Mill and Liberalism was first published in 1963. Initial reactions varied from the uncomprehending to the splenetic. In the intervening quarter-century the intellectual climate has changed as reflected by its greatest exemplar, to warrant fresh consideration. Unlike many commentators, before or subsequently, Maurice Cowling endeavours to view Mill's thought as a coherent whole with a specific proselytising purpose, geared to the emasculation of Christianity and its replacement by a libertarian public doctrine. This interpretation aroused much contemporary hostility, and in a new introduction Cowling locates Mill and Liberalism within the broader intellectual history of post-war Britain, looking at the various strands of the 'new Right' and relating the academic to more specifically journalistic or political manifestations.
Immigration and Politics in the New Europe
Authors: Lahav Gallya
Published: December 2009

With almost a quarter of the world's migrants, Europe has been attempting to regulate migration and harmonize immigration policy at the European level. The central dilemma exposed is how liberal democracies can reconcile the need to control the movement of people with the desire to promote open borders, free markets and liberal standards. Gallya Lahav's book traces ten years of public opinion and elite attitudes toward immigration cross-nationally to show how and why increasing EU integration may not necessarily lead to more open immigration outcomes. Empirical evidence reveals that support from both elite and public opinion has led to the adoption of restrictive immigration policies despite the requirements of open borders. Unique in bringing together original data on European legislators and national elites, longitudinal data on public opinion and institutional and policy analyses, this 2004 study provides an important insight into the processes of European integration, and globalization more broadly.
The Economics of the Trade Union
Authors: Booth Alison L.
Published: December 2009

This book analyses the crucial features of unionised labour markets. The models in the book refer to labour contracts between unions and management, but the method of analysis is also applicable to non-union labour markets where workers have some market power. In this book, Alison Booth, a researcher in the field, emphasises the connection between theoretical and empirical approaches to studying unionised labour markets. She also highlights the importance of taking into account institutional differences between countries and sectors when constructing models of the unionised labour market. While the focus of the book is on the US and British unionised labour markets, the models and analytical methods are applicable to other industrialised countries with appropriate modifications.
Kings and Lords in Conquest England
Authors: Fleming Robin
Published: December 2009

This is a study of landholding and alliance in England in the years 950 to 1086, a period in which the fortunes of lay lords and their families rose and fell dramatically. It was also a period of dizzying tenurial change, in which the fluctuations in landed wealth and alliances shed light on the economic and geographic balance between the monarchy and the aristocracy, and on how this balance helped shape Conquest England. A number of key historical issues are investigated: the impact of Cnut's conquest on England, the quality of Edward the Confessor's kingship, the means by which the Norman settlement was carried out, and the effects on England of William's conquest. The book will become the standard work on the often volatile relationship between the king and the great lords in this key transitional period, and is one of the most stimulating and original contributions to Conquest studies.
A Protestant Vision
Authors: Parry G. J. R.
Published: December 2009

This book deals with the thought of William Harrison, a well-known Elizabethan intellectual, whose ideas are significant chiefly because they are often representative of the thoroughgoing Protestantism which adapted continental reformed ideas to the circumstances of Tudor England. The book explains how the mentality of Harrison, a university-trained Protestant, reveals a coherent worldview based upon a particular view of history which he applied to many areas of contemporary concern: the complete reformation of the church, the improvement of society, the removal of economic injustice, the reorientation of practical life and the restraint of the dangerous speculation current in natural philosophy. Dr Parry draws upon a unique and previously unknown manuscript source, Harrison's interpretation of world history, which provides unusually detailed information about how one individual interpreted the world.
The British Machine Tool Industry, 1850–1914
Authors: Floud Roderick
Published: December 2009

Machine tools are vital to our industrial, metal-using society. This book is the first history of the British machine-tool industry during an important period of its development, a time when it played a crucial part in the transformation of the British economy. The author discusses the structure of the industry, its performance in international trade, and, through an analysis of the voluminous records of one firm, its efficiency and productivity. This discussion is placed within the wider context of current controversies about the behaviour of the British economy during the 'Great Depression' of the later nineteenth century, and its conclusions do not support pessimistic views of the performance of British industry. The book is also intended as a contribution to the explanation of the process of technological change, a problem of increasing interest to economists and economic historians.
The Economy of Later Renaissance Europe 1460–1600
Authors: Miskimin Harry A.
Published: December 2009

This is an economic history of sixteenth-century Europe that combines the virtues of a scholarly monograph with those of a general history. Professor Miskimin describes the intellectual and philosophical context in which economic decisions were made, and on which the fundamental economic categories of the period were based.
The Church in Italy in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Hay Denys
Published: December 2009

The century before the Reformation in Italy has generally been treated with either neglect or recrimination. Protestants tended to see the Church becoming ever more corrupt; Roman Catholics assumed that it was 'paganised' by the Renaissance. Indisputably it was becoming more Italian in its leadership. This book attempts a dispassionate survey of the popes and the clergy of the peninsula during the hundred years prior to Luther and the Sack of Rome. There is no book in Italian (or in any other language) which tries to describe what the Italian clergy and their parishioners were like at this time. The resulting picture will perhaps offend traditionalists; it will give no comfort to 'modernists'. It aims to be about 'life as it was lived'. There are many saints and sinners, and if there are more of the latter, there always are in history books, for that is how the historian invariably finds his material.
Charity and Bienfaisance
Authors: Jones Colin
Published: December 2009

This book is a case study, based on the Montpellier region in southern France, which analyses charity and poor relief from 1750 to the Restoration of the Bourbon monarchy, and the effect of the French Revolution on the treatment of the poor. The breadth of the book's timescale is one of its most notable features; so too is the way in which the changing treatment of the problem of poverty is seen not only in its political and administrative context, but also in terms of police forces, charitable benefactors, the administrators of charitable institutions, and the poor themselves.
Jordan in the 1967 War
Authors: Mutawi Samir A.
Published: December 2009

Jordan was the most deeply affected of all the Arab nations by Israel's victory in the 1967 war, in which huge tracts of Arab land, including the West Bank, Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights, came under Israel's control. Yet this is the first study to consider the war from the Jordanian perspective. It analyses the reasons for Jordan's unreserved and, to many, unexpected participation and provides a detailed description of the dramatic three days of war, including an analysis of the effects of Egyptian control of the Jordanian-Israeli border. Samir Mutawi's use of interviews with surviving Jordanian participants - politicians, military commanders, intelligence personnel and, most importantly, King Hussein - as well as Jordanian army records and books and memoirs in Arabic provides a new perspective on the war and on Jordan's position in the immediate post-war period.
Globular Cluster Systems
Authors: Ashman Keith M. , Zepf Stephen E.
Published: December 2009

Globular clusters are roughly spherical, densely packed groups of stars found around galaxies. Most globular clusters probably formed at the same time as their host galaxies. They therefore provide a unique fossil record of the conditions during the formation and early evolution of galaxies. This volume presents a comprehensive review of globular cluster systems. It summarizes their observed properties, and shows how these constrain models of the structure of stars, the formation and evolution of galaxies and globular clusters, and the age of the Universe. For graduate students and researchers, this volume provides the definitive reference on globular cluster systems.
The Theory of Cluster Sets
Authors: Collingwood E. F. , Lohwater A. J.
Published: December 2009

The book provides an introduction to the theory of cluster sets, a branch of topological analysis which has made great strides in recent years. The cluster set of a function at a particular point is the set of limit values of the function at that point which may be either a boundary point or (in the case of a non-analytic function) an interior point of the function's domain. In topological analysis, its main application is to problems arising in the theory of functions of a complex variable, with particular reference to boundary behaviour such as the theory of prime ends under conformal mapping. An important and novel feature of the book is the discussion of more general applications to non-analytic functions, including arbitrary functions. The authors assume a general familiarity with classical function theory but include the more specialised material required for the development of the theory of cluster sets, so making the treatment accessible to graduate students.
Results and Problems in Combinatorial Geometry
Authors: Boltjansky Vladimir G. , Gohberg Israel
Published: December 2009

In this short book, the authors discuss three types of problems from combinatorial geometry: Borsuk's partition problem, covering convex bodies by smaller homothetic bodies, and the illumination problem. They show how closely related these problems are to each other. The presentation is elementary, with no more than high-school mathematics and an interest in geometry required to follow the arguments. Most of the discussion is restricted to two- and three-dimensional Euclidean space, though sometimes more general results and problems are given. Thus even the mathematically unsophisticated reader can grasp some of the results of a branch of twentieth-century mathematics that has applications in such disciplines as mathematical programming, operations research and theoretical computer science. At the end of the book the authors have collected together a set of unsolved and partially solved problems that a sixth-form student should be able to understand and even attempt to solve.
Formal Semantics and Pragmatics for Natural Language Querying
Authors: Clifford James
Published: December 2009

This book discusses the connection between two areas of semantics, namely the semantics of databases and the semantics of natural language, and links them via a common view of the semantics of time. It is argued that a coherent theory of the semantics of time is an essential ingredient for the success of efforts to incorporate more 'real world' semantics into database models. This idea is a relatively recent concern of database research but it is receiving growing interest. The book begins with a discussion of database querying which motivates the use of the paradigm of Montague Semantics and discusses the details of the intensional logic ILs. This is followed by a description of the author's own model, the Historical Relational Data Model (HRDM) which extends the RDM to include a temporal dimension. Finally the database querying language QEHIII is defined and examples illustrate its use. A formal model for the interpretation of questions is presented in this work which will form the basis for much further research.
The Costs of Regime Survival
Authors: Hintzen Percy C.
Published: December 2009

This comparative study of two republics - Guyana in South America, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean - examines the conditions which determine regime survival in less developed countries. Given the structure of political and economic organization typical of these countries, and of the web of international relations of which they are a part, political survival can very often depend on a leader's willingness to serve the interests of a small, but politically strategic minority. In both Guyana and Trinidad post-independence leaders made politically expedient decisions that foreclosed policy choices consistent with the satisfaction of collective needs. As a result both countries experienced a series of political and economic crises. This in-depth comparative study of Guyana and Trinidad will be of interest to all scholars, students and policy-makers concerned with aspects of political and economic development in the Third World.
Police in Urban America, 1860–1920
Authors: Monkkonen Eric H.
Published: December 2009

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the social history of crime an-long a variety of disciplines. This book examines the rapid spread of uniformed police forces throughout late nineteenth-century urban America. It suggests that, initially, the new kind of police in industrial cities served primarily as agents of class control, dispensing and administering welfare services as an unintentioned consequence of their uniformed presence on the streets. This narrowed role hampered their ability to control crime, and, as modern social services developed and the police came increasingly to concentrate on crime control, they acquired a functional speciality at which they had never been particularly successful.
Urbanization and Crime
Authors: Johnson Eric A.
Published: December 2009

This 1995 book contributes to both modern German history and to the sociological understanding of crime in modern industrial and urban societies. Its central argument is that cities, in themselves, do not cause crime. It focuses on the problems of crime and criminal justice during Germany's period of most rapid urban and industrial growth - a period when Germany also rose to world power status. From 1871 to 1914, German cities, despite massive growth, socialist agitation and non-ethnic German immigration, were not particularly infested with crime. Yet the conservative political and religious elites constantly railed against the immoral nature of the city and the German governmental authorities, police, and court officials often overreacted against city populations. In so doing, they helped to set Germany on a dangerous authoritarian course.
Demographic Collapse
Authors: Cook Noble David
Published: December 2009

While many scholars have been interested in the size of the Indian population of the Americas at the time of first contact with Europeans, this book, first published in 1982, was the first to make a thorough examination of the question. Focusing on Peru, Professor Cook estimates population size on the basis of archaeology, carrying capacity of the agricultural systems, disease mortality, depopulation ratios, and census projection. He also analyses the catastrophic population decline that resulted from contact with Europeans, and compares this experience with that of the coastal region and the Andean highlands.
Mourning in Late Imperial China
Authors: Kutcher Norman
Published: December 2009

As a conquest dynasty, Qing China's new Manchu leaders desperately needed to legitimize their rule. To win the approval of China's native elites, they developed an ambitious plan to return Confucianism to civil society. Filial piety, the core Confucian value, would once again be upheld by the state, and laborious and time-consuming mourning rituals, the touchstones of a well-ordered Confucian society, would be observed by officials throughout the empire. In this way, the emperor would be following the ancient dictate that he 'govern all-under-heaven with filial piety'. Norman Kutcher's study of mourning looks beneath the rhetoric to demonstrate how the state - unwilling to make the sacrifices that a genuine commitment to proper mourning demanded - quietly but forcefully undermined, not reinvigorated, the Confucian mourning system. With acute sensitivity to language and its changing meanings, Kutcher sheds light on a wide variety of issues that are of interest to historians of late Imperial China.
Society and Discourse
Authors: Dijk Teun A. van
Published: December 2009

After his earlier book Discourse and Context, also published by Cambridge University Press, Teun A. van Dijk in this study presents the second part of his new multidisciplinary theory of context. The main thesis of this theory is that the influence of society on discourse is not direct, as is postulated for instance in sociolinguistics, but cognitively mediated by subjective mental models of the communicative situation: context models. These dynamic models control discourse production and comprehension and define the pragmatic appropriateness of text and talk. Whereas in Discourse and Context the psychological and linguistic aspects of context were analyzed, this book focuses on the social psychological, sociological, anthropological and political aspects of context. Tony Blair's 2003 speech defending his motion to go to war against Saddam Hussein and the following debate in parliament is used as an example illustrating the new theory.
Enlightenment and the Creation of German Catholicism
Authors: Printy Michael
Published: December 2009

This book tells the story of how eighteenth-century German Catholics rethought the Church. Educated German Catholics envisioned a Church that would solidify the link between religion, civilization, and morality. The first account of the German Catholic Enlightenment, this book explores the ways in which eighteenth-century Germans reconceived the relationship between religion, society, and the state. Seeking a balance between Germany and Rome, Catholic reformers desired a national Church that would enjoy a large measure of autonomy but would still be in communion with the universal Church. In trying to reform the Church, educated Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire questioned not only what it meant to be Catholic, but also what it meant to be German. In the process, they created German Catholicism. Arguing that German confessional identities were recast in the eighteenth century, this book forces a revision of our understanding of the German Enlightenment and its place in modern German history.
Gender in Mystical and Occult Thought
Authors: Gibbons Brian J.
Published: December 2009

This is the first comprehensive account of the development of the ideas on gender of Jacob Boehme (1575–1624) among his English followers, tracing the changes in gender and sexuality in such esoteric traditions as alchemy, hermeticism and the Cabala. The book argues that Behmenist thought in these areas is a neglected aspect of the revision in the moral status of women during the early modern period, contributing significantly to the rise of the Romantic notion of womanhood and 'Victorian' sexual ideology. It deals with English Behmenism from its reception during the Interregnum through to its impact upon William Blake and the Swedenborgians in the eighteenth century. The book also strongly challenges received opinions on the relationship of Behmenism to the English radical tradition.
Shakespeare, Spenser, and the Crisis in Ireland
Authors: Highley Christopher
Published: December 2009

Ireland is increasingly recognized as a crucial element in early modern British literary and political history. Christopher Highley's book explores the most serious crisis the Elizabethan regime faced: its attempts to subdue and colonize the native Irish. Through a range of literary representations from Shakespeare and Spenser, and contemporaries like John Hooker, John Derricke, George Peele and Thomas Churchyard he shows how these writers produced a complex discourse about Ireland that cannot be reduced to a simple ethnic opposition. This book challenges traditional views about the impact of Spenser's experience in Ireland on his cultural identity, while also arguing that the interaction between English and Ireland is a powerful and provocative subtext in the work of Shakespeare and his fellow dramatists. Highley argues that the confrontation between an English imperial presence and a Gaelic 'other' was a profound factor in the definition of an English poetic self.
The Impact of Napoleon
Authors: Simms Brendan
Published: December 2009

This book examines Prussia's response to Napoleon and Napoleonic expansionism in the years before the crushing defeats of Auerstadt and Jena, a period of German history as untypical as it was dramatic. Between the years 1797 and 1806 the main fear of Prussian statesmen was French power, rather than revolution from below. This threat spawned a foreign-policy debate characterised by geopolitical thinking: the belief that Prussian policy was conditioned by her unique geographic situation at the heart of Europe. The book breaks new ground both methodologically and empirically. By combining high-political and geopolitical analysis, it is able to present a more comprehensive and nuanced picture than earlier interpretations. The book also draws on a very wide range of sources, official and unofficial, many previously unused.
The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas
Authors: Eltis David
Published: December 2009

Why were the countries with the most developed institutions of individual freedom also the leaders in establishing the most exploitative system of slavery that the world has ever seen? In seeking to provide new answers to this question, The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas examines the development of the English Atlantic slave system between 1650 and 1800. The book outlines a major African role in the evolution of the Atlantic societies before the nineteenth century and argues that the transatlantic slave trade was a result of African strength rather than African weakness. It also addresses changing patterns of group identity to account for the racial basis of slavery in the early modern Atlantic World. Exploring the paradox of the concurrent development of slavery and freedom in the European domains, David Eltis provides a fresh interpretation of this difficult historical problem.
Common Labour
Authors: Way Peter
Published: December 2009

This study of canal construction workers between 1780 and 1860 challenges labour history's focus on skilled craftsmen and the model of working-class culture it generated. Canallers, part of the mass of unskilled labour thrown up by industrial capitalism, had an experience that differed in many ways from artisans. Once on the labour market, they were wholly alienated, more fully exploited, worse off economically and socially fragmented. Their struggle as members of a class pivoted on material conditions not on skill and shop-floor control. Canal construction played a significant role in the rise of industrial capitalism by opening new markets, providing an army of workers and initiating the state–capital ties so important in later years. Increasingly dominated by Irish immigrants the workforce lived in shanty towns at the work site or in nearby cities, the setting for much vice and violence. These were not the vibrant working-class communities of later labour history and the situation deteriorated in the late 1830s as labour surplus caused massive unemployment and depressed wages. The history of canal workers traces another strand of the labour story, one where the absence of skills bred powerlessness that made common labour's engagement with capital markedly unequal.