bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etablierung eines interdisziplinären Schockraumsimulationstrainings an einem überregionalen deutschen Traumazentrum
Authors: Paul M. M. , Westphale S. , Huflage H. , Helf D. , Hofmann C. , König S. , Meffert R. H. , Bley T. A. , Germer C.-T. , Meybohm P. , Happel O. , Lock J. F.
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund

Eine effektive Schockraumversorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten erfordert professionelle interdisziplinäre Teamarbeit. Simulationsgestützte Teamtrainings können es ermöglichen, die Grundprinzipien des Crisis Resource Management (CRM) auch in der Akut- und Notfallmedizin zu etablieren. Diese Arbeit präsentiert die erfolgreiche Implementierung eines interdisziplinären, interprofessionellen In-situ-Schockraumsimulationstrainings (iSRST) in einem überregionalen Traumazentrum.

Methodik

Das iSRST wurde durch Vertretende aller an der Schockraumversorgung beteiligten Fachdisziplinen Advanced-Trauma-Life-Support®(ATLS®)-basiert entwickelt. Pro Trainingswoche wurde an fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mit jeweils zwei Gruppen zu je acht Teilnehmenden für vier Stunden im traumatologischen Schockraum trainiert. Das Training bestand aus zwei interaktiven Diskussionen zu CRM und ATLS®, einer Einführung in die Simulationstechnik und zwei Szenarien (ca. 20 min) mit darauffolgenden Debriefings. Alle Teilnehmenden wurden nach dem Training anhand anonymisierter Fragebögen zur Evaluation des Trainings inklusive Selbsteinschätzung in Bezug auf die Leitsätze des CRM befragt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt beantworteten 167 Ärzt*innen, Pflegekräfte und technisches Assistenzpersonal aus Anästhesiologie, Unfallchirurgie, Allgemeinchirurgie und Radiologie die Fragebögen. Die größte Berufsgruppe stellten mit 47,6 % Assistenzärzt*innen dar. Das Trainingskonzept wurde durchweg sehr gut bewertet. Der Lernzuwachs hinsichtlich der befragten CRM-Prinzipien war bei allen Aspekten signifikant. Über 95 % der Teilnehmenden wünschten eine mindestens jährliche Wiederholung des Trainings.

Diskussion

Das iSRST führt aus Teilnehmendensicht zu einem relevanten subjektiven Wissenszuwachs hinsichtlich CRM, steigert das Verständnis für die Bedeutung dieser Prinzipien und hat somit das Potenzial, die Kommunikation und Handlungsabläufe im chirurgischen Schockraum zu verbessern.
Understanding the dynamics of college transitions between courses: Uncertainty associated with the decision to drop out studies among first and second year students
Authors: Galve-González Celia , Bernardo Ana Belén , Castro-López Adrián
Published: August 2023

University dropout is a phenomenon of growing interest due to its negative consequences. Various variables have been studied in order to understand why this problem occurs. Satisfaction with the degree choice, self-regulation strategies and engagement within the university are some of the variables that have been studied in order to understand why students decide to drop out university. In this sense, it is also important to consider uncertainty, which refers to the level of certainty that students have about these variables to understand the decisions to drop out. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyse the uncertainty associated with the decision to drop out studies among first year and second-year students, based on these three variables using Multiple Criteria Decision-Making. We performed descriptive analyses and FTOPSIS method on a sample of 719 students from a university in the north of Spain. We saw a relationship between the three variables studied and the intention to persist, as well as being a first-year student. In conclusion, it is important to continue studying the variables that influence this phenomenon in greater depth. In addition, this type of analysis could help in future research to understand in greater depth the influence of other variables on dropout rates.
A multi-scenario approach to continuously learn and understand norm violations
Authors: Freitas dos Santos Thiago , Osman Nardine , Schorlemmer Marco
Published: August 2023

Using norms to guide and coordinate interactions has gained tremendous attention in the multiagent community. However, new challenges arise as the interest moves towards dynamic socio-technical systems, where human and software agents interact, and interactions are required to adapt to changing human needs. For instance, different agents (human or software) might not have the same understanding of what it means to violate a norm (e.g., what characterizes hate speech), or their understanding of a norm might change over time (e.g., what constitutes an acceptable response time). The challenge is to address these issues by learning to detect norm violations from the limited interaction data and to explain the reasons for such violations. To do that, we propose a framework that combines Machine Learning (ML) models and incremental learning techniques. Our proposal is equipped to solve tasks in both tabular and text classification scenarios. Incremental learning is used to continuously update the base ML models as interactions unfold, ensemble learning is used to handle the imbalance class distribution of the interaction stream, Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) is used to learn from text sentences, and Integrated Gradients (IG) is the interpretability algorithm. We evaluate the proposed approach in the use case of Wikipedia article edits, where interactions revolve around editing articles, and the norm in question is prohibiting vandalism. Results show that the proposed framework can learn to detect norm violation in a setting with data imbalance and concept drift.
A multiplicity estimate for the Jacobi operator of a nonflat Yang–Mills field over $$\mathbb {S}^m$$
Authors: Ni Lei
Published: August 2023

Here we provide refinements of the stability results of Simons and Xin, concerning the stability of Yang–Mills fields and harmonic maps respectively. The result also implies the earlier Morse index estimates for both cases.
Complex of antamanide with the nitrate anion
Authors: Vaňura Petr , Sýkora David , Uhlíková Tereza
Published: August 2023

Anionic complex of antamanide with the nitrate anion has been proven by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method. Further, applying quantum chemical DFT calculations, the most probable structure of this complex was derived. The nitrate anion is embedded in the molecule of antamanide and its oxygens atoms are bonded by seven bonds to the hydrogen atoms of the ligand. Finally, the interaction energy, E(int), of the antamanide-NO3− complex was calculated as E(int) = -175.9 kJ/mol.
A non-destructive electro-acoustic method to characterize the pull-in voltage of electrostatic actuators
Authors: Wall Franziska , Schenk Hermann A. G. , Melnikov Anton , Kaiser Bert , Schenk Harald
Published: August 2023

For electrostatic actuators, the pull-in marks an upper limit for the operation range. Once reached, the electrodes come into contact and are shorted without further protection. A non-destructive measurement technique to predict this failure mode is of high interest to allow, e.g. fabrication monitoring or reliability studies. To this end, we develop a surprisingly simple nonlinear lumped parameter model (LPM) for a rather complex electrostatic actuator, designed for an in-ear loudspeaker application. It turns out that a single degree-of-freedom model with only one parameter is sufficient. Our key approach is to experimentally determine this free model parameter by analysing harmonic distortions at low frequencies. Harmonic distortions are a very sensitive tool for nonlinearities. Our method is suggested by simulations with a 2D stationary finite element method (FEM), demonstrating how the analysis of harmonic distortions for voltages far below the pull-in can predict not only the DC pull-in but also the quasi-static AC pull-in voltages at different working points. The distortion analysis of electrostatic actuator ensembles therefore seems a viable route for their non-destructive characterization in the nonlinear domain.
Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life amongst Indigenous Australians: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Keramat Syed Afroz , Perales Francisco , Alam Khorshed , Rashid Rumana , Haque Rezwanul , Monasi Nahid , Hashmi Rubayyat , Siddika Farzana , Siddiqui Zubayer Hassan , Ali Mohammad Afshar , Gebremariam Natnael Demeke , Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan Srinivas
Published: August 2023

Background

The burden of multimorbidity has been observed worldwide and it has significant consequences on health outcomes. In Australia, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is comparatively low amongst Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders, yet no studies have examined the effect of multimorbidity on HRQoL within this at-risk population. This study seeks to fill that gap by employing a longitudinal research design.

Methods

Longitudinal data were derived from three waves (9, 13, and 17) of the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. A total of 1007 person-year observations from 592 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander individuals aged 15 years and above were included. HRQoL was captured using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and multimorbidity was defined using self-reports of having been diagnosed with two or more chronic health conditions. Symmetric fixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess how intraindividual changes in multimorbidity were associated with intraindividual changes in HRQoL.

Results

Approximately 21% of Indigenous Australians were classified as experiencing multimorbidity. Respondents had statistically significantly lower HRQoL on the SF-36 sub-scales, summary measures, and health-utility index in those observations in which they experienced multimorbidity. Among others, multimorbidity was associated with lower scores on the SF-36 physical-component scale (β =  − 6.527; Standard Error [SE] = 1.579), mental-component scale (β =  − 3.765; SE = 1.590) and short-form six-dimension utility index (β =  − 0.075; SE = 0.017).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that having multiple chronic conditions is statistically significantly associated with lower HRQoL amongst Indigenous Australians. These findings suggest that comprehensive and culturally sensitive health strategies addressing the complex needs of individuals with multimorbidity should be implemented to improve the HRQoL of Indigenous Australians.
Trajectories of plant communities in Massachusetts, USA cranberry farms discontinued from agriculture
Authors: Neill Christopher , Pulak Anastasia M. , Miller Haley J. , Hoekstra Benjamin R. , Klionsky Sarah M.
Published: August 2023

Retirement of cultivated croplands creates potential for ecosystem and wetland restoration, but vegetation and soil legacies of cropping influence the development of post-agriculture vegetation. In low-lying coastal watersheds of southeastern Massachusetts, cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarponAiton) are cultivated in commercial farm units that are diked, leveled and sanded beds created from historic wetlands. Current low cranberry prices and expanding cranberry production elsewhere now increase the likelihood of cranberry farmland retirement. We quantified the trajectories of plant species richness and cover, and plant characteristics (life form, native or non-native, wetland or non-wetland) in a chronosequence of cranberry farm beds that ranged from cultivated units to those retired from cropping and revegetated for 90 years with no post-cropping management. Species richness increased from active beds to 10–20 year-old beds and subsequently decreased. Post-retirement species richness was overwhelmingly dominated by native species. Shrub and tree richness and cover increased steadily over time. The richness of wetland, upland and facultative species all increased quickly after retirement and then declined in the oldest retired beds. The basal area and canopy cover of red maple (Acer rubrum) and pitch pine (Pinus rigida) increased over time. Vegetation followed a relatively consistent successional trajectory and the plant community after five to nine decades was predominantly forest and dominated by non-wetland plants. Encouragement of long-term persistence of greater diversity and cover of wetland plant species on retired cranberry farms will likely require active hydrological and soil modifications that decrease sand depth and raise water tables.
60th birthday of ‘A Behavioral Theory of the Firm’: a review of the relational concepts and recommendations for future research
Authors: Hagen Moritz , Su Wenjia , Junge Sebastian
Published: August 2023

This year, we celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of ‘A Behavioral Theory of the Firm’ (BTF) (Cyert and March in A behavioral theory of the firm, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1963), which central ideas and concepts are fundamental to almost all theoretical and empirical work focusing on organizational decision-making. In particular, the four underlying relational concepts of BTF: (1) quasi resolution of conflict, (2) uncertainty avoidance, (3) problemistic search, and (4) organizational learning provide theoretical explanation for firms’ decision-making behavior. However, as literature has grown, focus of the studies and application of the concepts are becoming increasingly fragmented, leading to parallel and decoupled insights rather than cohesive and complementary explanations. We conduct a systematic literature review of 114 publications in top-ranked journals to provide a deeper understanding of the applications of BTF’s four relational concepts and their interrelation. Reviewing and synthesizing extant literature, we identify seven different organizational decision areas in which mainly two relational concepts, problemistic search and organizational learning, are applied to explain specific firm behaviors. The relational concept of quasi resolution of conflict and uncertainty avoidance seem underrepresented or almost neglected in the BTF-related research. Furthermore, we provide an integrative process framework connecting the four relational concepts and related research insights, and thereby, highlight opportunities for future research.
Mating compatibility and offspring traits evaluation among different strains of Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Adamaki-Sotiraki Christina , Rumbos Christos I. , Athanassiou Christos G.
Published: August 2023

The fast-growing sector of insects for food and feed stimulates researchers and the industry to explore uncharted territories, such as insect breeding, to improve economically important insect fitness traits. The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., is one of the most thoroughly studied insect species as food and feed. However, data on mating compatibility and the effect of cross-breeding between different strains on the performance and fitness of the hybrids are scarce. In the present study, we comparatively evaluated the mating compatibility between two T. molitor inbred strains (Greek and Italian) and their outbred strains, i.e., Italian (♀)-Greek (♂) and Greek (♀)-Italian (♂), as well as the performance of their hybrid offspring. Based on the results, there is good mating compatibility among adults of the strains tested. Offspring performance, quantified as larval survival and final larval weight, followed a similar pattern among the crossings examined. Even though differences were insignificant, the outbreeding of females of the Italian strain resulted in a higher cumulative number of eggs and hatching rate and higher offspring weight. The present study sheds light on the mating compatibility of different T. molitor strains and their hybrids' economically important life table characteristics to take the mass production of insects one step further.
Toward a navigation framework for fetoscopy
Authors: Casella Alessandro , Lena Chiara , Moccia Sara , Paladini Dario , De Momi Elena , Mattos Leonardo S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of placental anastomoses is the most effective treatment for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). A robust mosaic of placenta and its vascular network could support surgeons’ exploration of the placenta by enlarging the fetoscope field-of-view. In this work, we propose a learning-based framework for field-of-view expansion from intra-operative video frames.

Methods

While current state of the art for fetoscopic mosaicking builds upon the registration of anatomical landmarks which may not always be visible, our framework relies on learning-based features and keypoints, as well as robust transformer-based image-feature matching, without requiring any anatomical priors. We further address the problem of occlusion recovery and frame relocalization, relying on the computed features and their descriptors.

Results

Experiments were conducted on 10 in-vivo TTTS videos from two different fetal surgery centers. The proposed framework was compared with several state-of-the-art approaches, achieving higher $$\textrm{SSIM}_{5}$$

SSIM
5

on 7 out of 10 videos and a success rate of $$93.25\%$$

93.25
%

in occlusion recovery.

Conclusion

This work introduces a learning-based framework for placental mosaicking with occlusion recovery from intra-operative videos using a keypoint-based strategy and features. The proposed framework can compute the placental panorama and recover even in case of camera tracking loss where other methods fail. The results suggest that the proposed framework has large potential to pave the way to creating a surgical navigation system for TTTS by providing robust field-of-view expansion.
When is Disbelief Epistemic Injustice? Criminal Procedure, Recovered Memories, and Deformations of the Epistemic Subject
Authors: Bublitz Jan Christoph
Published: August 2023

People can be treated unjustly with respect to the level of credibility others accord to their testimony. This is the core idea of the philosophical idea of epistemic justice. It should be of utmost interest to criminal law which extensively deals with normative issues of evidence and testimony. It may reconstruct some of the long-standing criticisms of criminal law regarding credibility assessments and the treatment of witnesses, especially in sexual assault cases. However, philosophical discussions often overlook the intricate complexities of real procedural law and its underlying considerations. In its present form, the philosophical notion of epistemic injustice provides limited insights into legal discourse; it necessitates translation and adaptation. This study contributes to this endeavor by examining the contentious issue of testimony from witnesses who have undergone trauma-focused psychotherapy. Since the 1980s, courts worldwide were troubled with cases of false accusations based on false memories generated by suggestive therapeutic interventions. As a result, such post-therapy testimonies are discounted in one way or another in many jurisdictions. However, courts are still confronted with such testimonies, and the modi vivendi legal systems have established to deal with them continue to give rise to concerns about unjust treatment of witnesses. The question is thus whether legal rules or established practices of evaluating testimony based on memories which resurfaced after psychotherapy are epistemically and legally just. The paper presents seven ways in which courts may assess such testimonies and examines them in light of epistemic and procedural justice. Some of them prima facie constitute a form of epistemic injustice because they discount testimonies to an unwarranted degree. But these injustices might be justified by overriding principles favoring defendants. Nonetheless, the idea of epistemic justice, more broadly understood, inspires two principles that may serve as a foundation for a future conception of epistemic justice adapted to the law.
Finite Element Analysis of Additively Manufactured Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Dong Chensong
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to provide a numerical modeling approach for continuous carbon fiber (CCF)-reinforced fused filament fabricated composites. Although these materials have been extensively studied, an effective numerical modeling technique for their mechanical performance does not exist. To fill this technical gap, a numerical modeling approach based on finite element analysis is presented. The effective material properties of the Onyx matrix when voids are present are derived by the Kerner model. The material properties of CCF-reinforced composites are modeled by Hashin’s model. Both the flexural and tensile properties are simulated. The modeling approach is validated against various experimental results.
The Irish Trainee Emergency Research Network (ITERN): five years of collaboration
Authors: Foley James , Mulcaire Jeffrey , Jee Marcus , Patton Andrew , Umana Etimbuk
Published: August 2023

In 2018, a group of Irish emergency medicine (EM) trainees recognised their common interest in collaborative research and the difficulties that trainees can encounter when trying to broaden their research capacity, prompting the beginning of the Irish Trainee Emergency Research Network (ITERN) journey. Trainee-led collaboratives have been shown to be feasible and have the potential to deliver impactful research projects, generating an evidence base that may not have been possible without collaboration. This article describes the successes and achievement of ITERN and describes the processes and challenges that a trainee-led research network can encounter. The authors believe that trainee-led collaboratives can deliver powerful and impactful research for patients and broaden the research capacity of individuals, hospitals, and groups of healthcare professionals.
How venture capital funding changes an entrepreneur’s digital identity: more self-confidence and professionalism but less authenticity!
Authors: Block Jörn H. , Diegel Walter , Fisch Christian
Published: August 2023

An entrepreneur’s digital identity matters for resource acquisition and venture development. However, we know little about the factors that influence or change entrepreneurs’ digital identities. This study explores how entrepreneurs’ digital identities change after a venture capital (VC) funding round. Applying a language-based text analysis to a large sample of tweets from 2,094 US entrepreneurs, we analyze entrepreneurs’ digital identities before and after VC funding. The results of our analysis show that VC funding can impact the entrepreneur’s digital identity in both a positive and a negative way. On the positive side, entrepreneurs increasingly use language indicative of higher self-confidence, positive emotions, and increased professionalism. On the negative side, we find that the entrepreneur’s digital identity loses its authenticity, particularly with high funding amounts raised. The latter can be problematic as authenticity is shown to be a critical resource that entrepreneurs possess to build legitimacy and engage stakeholders in their venture. Our study contributes to research on the consequences of VC funding for entrepreneurs as well as to research on entrepreneurial digital identities. Practical implications exist for entrepreneurs managing their entrepreneurial identities over the course of venture development.
Back to black: a mineralogical and chemical characterisation of Atticising fourth century BCE black gloss ware
Authors: Solard Baptiste , Amicone Silvia , Aloupi-Siotis Eleni , Heinze Lars , Berti Fede , Lambrugo Claudia , Berthold Christoph
Published: August 2023

Most previous studies on Attic black gloss technology focused on productions from Greece, especially Athens. However, the black gloss technique constitutes the most widespread decoration practice across the Mediterranean from the Archaic to the Hellenistic periods. Focusing on both Attic and Atticising black gloss productions from sites in Sicily and Asia Minor, our work aims to shed new light on the technology of this decoration and its transmission throughout the Mediterranean during the fourth century BCE. Additionally, to investigate the technological relationship between black and the less common intentional red gloss decorations, a selection of bichrome black-and-red and red gloss vessels were included in this study. For this purpose, we applied an integrated analytical approach, aiming to characterise both the chemistry and the mineralogy of archaeological black and red gloss decorations. This approach includes ceramic petrography, pXRF, µ-XRD2, and SEM-EDS. Specimens from the fourth century BCE from Manfria (chora of Gela), Iasos (Caria), and Priene (Ionia) were analysed. These assemblages reflect various production groups identified by the chemical and petrographic analyses of the ceramic bodies. The µ-XRD2 and SEM-EDS measurements of the gloss show a certain degree of mineralogical and chemical variability that does not necessarily correlate with the recognised production groups but, rather, reflects different technological practices. Despite this variability, the results suggest that the various gloss productions were produced with a very similar technological process and offer new insights into the mechanisms through which the black gloss technique diffused throughout the Mediterranean.
Selecting plant species to rehabilitate Phytophthora cinnamomi infested forest
Authors: Harshani Himbutugoda Shanika , McComb Jen , Burgess Treena I. , Hardy Giles E. St. J.
Published: August 2023

For most Western Australian plant species, no information is available on the effect of Phytophthora cinnamomi on seedling emergence, early survival, and early plant growth. Such information is required when selecting species for rehabilitating Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) forest areas affected by Phytophthora dieback. This study evaluates the response of several native species to P. cinnamomi to identify those resistant to the pathogen at the early stages of plant development. Firstly, the effect of P. cinnamomi on seedling emergence and early survival was evaluated for 50 native species. Then, 24 species were selected and tested for their resistance to P. cinnamomi when more mature. They were infested at 5–7 months old and disease impact assessed after two months. Of 38 species that emerged in sufficient numbers for statistical analysis, P. cinnamomi did not affect either emergence or survival of 9 species, emergence or survival was decreased in 14 species, and both emergence and survival were significantly decreased in 15 species. Of the species tested at 5–7 months old, two were resistant, six were moderately resistant, ten were susceptible, three were highly susceptible, and three were tolerant hosts of P. cinnamomi. These results indicate that field resistance recorded from mature plants may be due to asymptomatic infection or resistance may not be present in seedlings. Therefore, data from mature plants may not be appropriate when selecting species for seed-based restoration.
Is there a different rating of perceived exertion in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Schwensfeier Leon , Kreutz Thorsten , Brinkmann Christian
Published: August 2023

Objective

Studies show that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not engage in regular exercise as often as individuals without T2DM. In addition to numerous barriers to engaging in regular exercise, a different rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during physical activity has been hypothesized to play a role. Therefore, this study investigates whether T2DM affects RPE.

Methods

RPE values (BORG scale ratings) and heart rate (HR) data were analyzed during an endurance step test (25 W + 25 W every 2 min) at different workloads relative to the individual maximum load (50%, 70% and 90% of peak workload (Wpeak)) in patients with T2DM and in non-diabetic control (CON) subjects (n = 12 in each group). Furthermore, in a larger group of overweight patients with T2DM (n = 81), it was investigated whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels correlate with RPE values at the different relative loads.

Results

Neither RPE nor HR values significantly differed between T2DM and CON subjects at 50%, 70% or 90% of Wpeak. No significant correlations were identified between HbA1c levels and RPE values.

Conclusion

There is no evidence in our study that T2DM leads to a different perception of physical exertion. Other causes must therefore be responsible for the increased lack of motivation of T2DM patients to engage in regular exercise.
Betriebliche Sozialberatungen als Weiterbildungsanbieter? – Schnittstellen und Perspektiven
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Long
Published: August 2023

Im Beitrag wird die Weiterbildungsarbeit im Rahmen der betrieblichen Sozialberatung untersucht. Als empirische Basis dient eine qualitative Querschnittstudie, in der 16 Experteninterviews mit Fachkräften der betrieblichen Sozialberatung in Deutschland geführt wurden. Die Studie erweitert den Stand der Forschung zur betrieblichen Weiterbildung, indem sie Einblick in die Heterogenität der Veranstaltungsarten und Veranstaltungsthemen sowie in das Handeln betrieblicher Sozialberatender bei der Entwicklung und Durchführung von Weiterbildungsangeboten gibt.
›Species Trouble‹: Verunsicherungen der Mensch-Tier-Grenze in veganen Narrativen der Gegenwartsliteratur (J.M. Coetzees The Lives of Animals, Han Kangs Die Vegetarierin und Jakob Heins Wurst und Wahn. Ein Geständnis)
Authors: Böhm Alexandra
Published: August 2023

Der Beitrag untersucht aus der Perspektive der Vegan Literary Studies fiktionale Texte der Gegenwartsliteratur, in denen die Praxis des Vegetarismus bzw. Veganismus als Gegendiskurs zur dominanten Fleisch-Kultur verhandelt wird. Der Verzehr von Fleisch bestätigt nicht nur die anthropologische Differenz, sondern ist auch eng verbunden mit Konzepten von Männlichkeit, Patriarchat und Autorität (Carol J. Adams, Jacques Derrida). Gastfreundschaft und Kommensalität affirmieren für gewöhnlich diese soziale Identität und gesellschaftliche Ordnung. Sitzen am Tisch allerdings Menschen, die sich dem Fleischkonsum widersetzen, fungieren sie als ›killjoys‹ (Sara Ahmed), die eine normative Glücks- und Identitätsordnung durchkreuzen. Die Analysen der fiktionalen Texte von Coetzee, Han Kang und Hein untersuchen, inwiefern ihre Protagonist*innen ›species trouble‹ erzeugen und so zur Verunsicherung scheinbar eindeutiger Mensch-Tier-Grenzziehungen beitragen, während die ästhetische Form der Narrative konventionalisierte Identitäten, Praktiken und Positionen der Aneignung problematisiert.
Towards controlled semi-autonomous deconstruction
Authors: Lee Hyung Joo , Brell-Cokcan Sigrid
Published: August 2023

The automation of deconstruction processes presents unique difficulties due to the harsh working conditions involved. In this research, we aim to address these limitations by advancing the teleoperated machine, BROKK 170, toward a developed semi-autonomous concept. We propose a framework for robot-assisted deconstruction, exploring the communication and sensing systems of the prototype deconstruction robot, along with its capabilities. Additionally, field tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in real-world scenarios. The potentials and limitations drawn from these initial results are discussed.
Recent Progress of Bionic Hierarchical Structure in the Field of Thermal Insulation Protection
Authors: Zhuge Yina , Liu Fujuan
Published: August 2023

Some living organisms with hierarchical structures in nature have received extensive attention in various fields. The hierarchical structure with multiple pores, a large number of solid–gas interfaces and tortuous conduction paths provide a new direction for the development of thermal insulation materials, making the living creatures under these extreme conditions become the bionic objects of scientific researchers. In this review, the research progress of bionic hierarchical structure in the field of heat insulation is highlighted. Polar bears, cocoons, penguin feathers and wool are typical examples of heat preservation hierarchy in nature to introduce their morphological characteristics. At the same time, the thermal insulation mechanism, fractal model and several preparation methods of bionic hierarchical structures are emphatically discussed. The application of hierarchical structures in various fields, especially in thermal insulation and infrared thermal stealth, is summarised. Finally, the hierarchical structure is prospected.
Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Optimize Implementation Strategies for the Friendship Bench Psychological Intervention in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chitiyo Charmaine , Verhey Ruth , Mboweni Sandra N. , Healey Andy , Chibanda Dixon , Araya Ricardo , Wagenaar Bradley H.
Published: August 2023

Scaling up an evidence-based mental health program such as the Friendship Bench (FB) Zimbabwe bares many difficulties. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), this study sought to understand the contextual determinants of FB performance and to identify and match novel implementation strategies to optimally overcome barriers. The CFIR was applied to guide twenty-five focus group discussions with n = 152 stakeholders in nine high- and four low-performing clinics across three cities in Zimbabwe to identify the constructs distinguishing clinic performance. Identified implementation barriers were included in the CFIR-Expert Recommendation for Implementation Change (ERIC) matching tool to inform strategies to optimize future FB implementation outcomes. Constructs peer pressure, goals and feedback, learning climate, planning, formally appointed leaders, and external change agents strongly distinguished between high- and low-performing clinics. Barriers to implementation were intervention complexity and organizational incentives and rewards; intervention-related constructs were identified as enablers. Strategies such as identifying and preparing champions, altering incentive structures, developing a formal implementation blueprint, and organizing regular clinician meetings were chosen to address barriers and optimize FB implementation. There was variability in the implementation performance of FB three years post-scale-up. High-performing clinics appear to be influenced positively by peer pressure, goal setting and feedback, better staff communication and integration of the program, overall learning climate, and clinic-level planning. A set of enhanced FB implementation strategies should be applied to improve implementation performance.
Biocultural aspects of species extinctions
Authors: Ladle Richard J. , Alves-Martins Fernanda , Malhado Ana C.M. , Reyes-García Victoria , Courchamp Franck , Di Minin Enrico , Roll Uri , Jarić Ivan , Correia Ricardo A.
Published: August 2023

Predicting whether a species is likely to go extinct (or not) is one of the fundamental objectives of conservation biology, and extinction risk classifications have become an essential tool for conservation policy, planning and research. This sort of prediction is feasible because the extinction processes follow a familiar pattern of population decline, range collapse and fragmentation, and, finally, extirpation of sub-populations through a combination of genetic, demographic and environmental stochasticity. Though less well understood and rarely quantified, the way in which science and society respond to population decline, extirpation and species extinction can also have a profound influence, either negative or positive, on whether a species goes extinct. For example, species that are highly sought after by collectors and hobbyists can become more desirable and valuable as they become rarer, leading to increased demand and greater incentives for illegal trade – known as the anthropogenic Allee effect. Conversely, species that are strongly linked to cultural identity are more likely to benefit from sustainable management, high public support for conservation actions and fund-raising, and, by extension, may be partially safeguarded from extinction. More generally, human responses to impending extinctions are extremely complex, are highly dependent on cultural and socioeconomic context, and have typically been far less studied than the ecological and genetic aspects of extinction. Here, we identify and discuss biocultural aspects of extinction and outline how recent advances in our ability to measure and monitor cultural trends with big data are, despite their intrinsic limitations and biases, providing new opportunities for incorporating biocultural factors into extinction risk assessment.
On asymmetric vortex pair interactions in shear
Authors: Folz Patrick J.R. , Nomura Keiko K.
Published: August 2023

This study examines the two-dimensional interaction of two unequal co-rotating viscous vortices in uniform background shear. Numerical simulations are performed for vortex pairs having various circulation ratios

$\varLambda _0 = \varGamma _{1,0}/\varGamma _{2,0} = (\omega _{1,0}/\omega _{2,0})(a^2_{1,0}/a^2_{2,0}) \leqslant 1$

, corresponding to different initial characteristic radii

$a_{i,0}$

and peak vorticities

$\omega _{i,0}$

of each vortex

$i=1,2$

, in shears of various strengths

$\zeta _0 = \omega _S/\omega _{2,0}$

, where

$\omega _S$

is the constant vorticity of the shear. Two primary flow regimes are observed: separations (

$\zeta _0 < \zeta _{sep} < 0$

), in which the vortices move apart continuously, and henditions (

$\zeta _0 > \zeta _{sep}$

), in which the interaction results in a single vortex (where

$\zeta _{sep}$

is the adverse shear strength beyond which separation occurs). Vortex motion and values of

$\zeta _{sep}(\varLambda _0)$

are well-predicted by a point-vortex model for unequal vortices. In vortex-dominated henditions, shear varies the peak–peak distance

$b$

, and vortex deformation. The main convective interaction begins when core detrainment of one vortex is established, and proceeds similarly to the no-shear (

$\zeta _0 = 0$

) case: merger occurs if the second vortex also detrains, engendering mutual entrainment; otherwise straining out occurs. Detrainment requires persistence of straining of both sufficient magnitude, as indicated by relative straining above a consistent critical value,

$(S/\omega )_i > (S/\omega )_{cr}$

, where

$S$

is the strain rate magnitude at the vorticity peak, and conducive direction. Hendition outcomes are assessed in terms of an enhancement factor

$\varepsilon \equiv \varGamma _{end}/\varGamma _{2,start}$

. Although

$\varepsilon$

generally varies with

$\zeta _0$

,

$(a^2_{1,0} /a^2_{2,0} )$

and

$(\omega _{1,0}/\omega _{2,0})$

in a complicated manner, this variation is well-characterized by the pair's starting enstrophy ratio,

$Z_2/Z_1$

. Within a transition region between merger and straining out (approximately

$1.65 < Z_2/Z_1 < 1.9$

), shear of either sense may increase

$\varepsilon$

.
BUILDING INTEGRATED MODELS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS: THE CASE OF GORDON’S 1954 FISHERY MODEL
Authors: Parent Baptiste , Mouysset Lauriane , Missemer Antoine , Levrel Harold
Published: August 2023

Environmental and natural resource economics lies inherently at the interface between economic and natural dynamics (e.g., geological constraints, climate change, biodiversity evolution). Building models in that field often means building integrated models, calling on knowledge and methods from economics and physics, climatology, biology, or ecology. Howard Scott Gordon’s 1954 article on fishery economics is considered to be seminal in the history of bioeconomic modeling, integrating biological and economic variables in a microeconomic model. Yet the precise role played by biology in Gordon’s initial work remains unclear. On the basis of archival material and thorough analysis of Gordon’s early research, this paper examines Gordon’s model building and his persistent oscillation between two objectives—the production of a heuristic economic model with standard assumptions, and the conception of a predictive policy tool relevant from a fishery-biology standpoint—and how he finally favored the first over the second. Moreover, contrary to received wisdom, we show that it was not Gordon but biologist Milner B. Schaefer who transformed Gordon’s model into an integrated model. These results shed new light not only on Gordon’s 1954 contribution but also on a whole tradition of integrated environmental and natural resource economics models, based on his work.
The Chicago Trifecta
Authors: Abbot Dorian S.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to discuss practical solutions to the threat to free inquiry at universities coming from the illiberal left. Based on my experiences at the University of Chicago, I propose that all universities should adopt and enforce rules requiring that: (1) the university, and any unit of it, cannot take collective positions on social and political issues; (2) faculty hiring and promotion be done solely on the basis of research and teaching merit, with nothing else taken into consideration; and (3) free expression be guaranteed on campus, even if someone claims to be offended, hurt or harmed by it. Faculty need to work together with students, alumni, journalists and politicians to get this done.
‘Well, taakin about he da bring inta me yead wat I promised var ta tell ee about’: representations of south-western speech in nineteenth-century dialect writing
Authors: RUANO-GARCÍA JAVIER
Published: August 2023

This article explores representations of south-western speech in nineteenth-century dialect writing. It draws on a selection of specimens from theSalamanca Corpusin order to determine what they can tell us about the language of south-western speakers at this time. By focusing on periphrasticdoand pronoun exchange, I argue that representations of south-western dialects can be taken as a missing link in the history of these two grammatical features. In fact, the analysis of their distribution and frequency, which this article explores in dialect writing for the first time, shows that they accord with later evidence to an interesting degree. At the same time, the data are placed within the third-wave sociolinguistic models of enregisterment and indexicality so as to show that the conscious representation of these morphosyntactic features reflects contemporary perceptions about their use in south-western dialects while they reveal indexical associations between place, speaker and speech. This article thus seeks to contribute to the history of south-western dialects, while underscoring the validity of dialect writing as a source of Late Modern English speech where the structural and ideological dimensions of dialect intersect.
Sports psychiatry clinical curriculum for sports and exercise medicine fellows in one Canadian university
Authors: Edwards Carla
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Athletes can experience the same mental illnesses as the general population. Sports create additional circumstances that can influence the mental health of its participants. Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) physicians are often on the front lines of providing medical assessment and treatment to athletes for a variety of presenting complaints. Enhancing the knowledge base and clinical approach of Sport and Exercise Medicine physicians for assessment and management of mental health challenges in athletes can assist in early identification, assessment, treatment initiation, or referral to a sports psychiatrist. Providing SEM trainees with formal clinical exposure to Sports Psychiatry can better equip them for their future practice. This article describes a formalized clinical rotation in Sports Psychiatry for SEM Fellows in one Canadian university. Methods: In collaboration with the SEM Fellowship program, a formal Sports Psychiatry rotation was created to ensure every Fellow had exposure to mental health assessment and management of athletes appropriate to what would be expected of SEM physicians. Results: A four-week curriculum which included direct clinical assessment, treatment initiation, follow up, and presentation of case-based mental health topics appropriate for SEM physicians. This program was reviewed during accreditation as part of the Enhanced Skills curriculum of the postgraduate Family Medicine program at McMaster University in 2023. Conclusion: An integrated Sports Psychiatry rotation during a SEM Fellowship provides an opportunity for future SEM physicians to have exposure to a clinical population of athletes with mental health concerns to develop tools for assessment, management, and collaborative care.
A Sorting Method for Radar Echo Extraction Based on Observation Submatrix
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Gu Yanyang , Hu Baojie , Gong Fuhong , Fan Zhipeng
Published: August 2023

With the advancement of active jamming technology, a variety of new types of coherent jamming based on digital radio frequency memory have been proposed and implemented in practice, posing serious threats to modern radar systems due to their flexibility, suppression, and deception characteristics. Hence the research on radar echo extraction is necessary and challenging. In this paper, we focus on removing interference from received time‐frequency overlapping signals,and the anti‐jamming problem is transformed into one linear underdetermined blind source separation model in a dual‐channel receiving scenario. The feasible solution is found by utilizing the observation submatrices to convert the observed signal features to a new representation, which originates from sparse component analysis. Simulations demonstrate that the developed technique outperforms standard interference countermeasures in terms of signal‐to‐interference ratio and target identification performance, which are critical for anti‐jamming.
Size Distributions Reveal Regime Transition of Lake Systems Under Different Dominant Driving Forces
Authors: Hu Shengjie , Yang Zhenlei , Torres Sergio , Wang Zipeng , Li Ling
Published: August 2023

Power law size distribution is found to associate with fractal, self‐organized behaviors and patterns of complex systems. Such distribution also emerges from natural lakes, with potentially important links to the dynamics of lake systems. But the driving mechanism that generates and shapes this feature in lake systems remains unclear. Moreover, the power law itself was found inadequate for fully describing the size distribution of lakes, due to deviations at the two ends of size range. Based on observed and simulated lakes in China's 11 hydro‐climatic zones, we established a conceptual model for lake systems, which covers the whole size range of lake size distribution and reveals the underlying driving mechanism. The full lake size distribution is composed of three components, with three phases featured by exponential, stretched‐exponential and power law distribution. The three phases represent system states with successively increasing degrees of heterogeneity and orderliness, and more importantly, indicate the dominance of exogenic and endogenic forces, respectively. As the dominant driving force changes from endogenic to exogenic, a phase transition occurs with lake size distribution shifted from power law to stretched‐exponential and further to exponential distribution. Apart from compressing the power law phase, exogenic force also increases its scaling exponent, driving the corresponding lake size power spectrum into the regime of “blue noise.” During this process, the autocorrelation function of the lake system diverges with a possibility of going to infinity, indicating the loss of system resilience.
Biogeochemical Insights from a Major Amazonian River
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: August 2023

Underrepresented in global carbon budgets, tropical rivers like Brazil’s Tocantins are in need of study to establish their baseline characteristics in the face of increasing global change.