bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the temporal contrast of pre-pulses by post-pulses in a petawatt J-KAREN-P laser facility
Authors: Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Miyasaka Yasuhiro , Sagisaka Akito , Ogura Koichi , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Kon Akira , Pirozhkov Alexander S. , Fukuda Yuji , Dover Nicholas P. , Kondo Kotaro , Kando Masaki , Kondo Kiminori , Bock Stefan , Ziegler Tim , Püschel Tomas , Zeil Karl , Schramm Ulrich
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate the removal of the pre-pulses based on the exploration of the generation of pre-pulses by post-pulses through the nonlinear process associated with the B-integral in the laser chain of the petawatt facility J-KAREN-P.
Frequency comb-like high energy gas-filled fiber Raman laser spanning from 1.68 μm to 2.4 μm
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Adamu Abubakar I. , Habib Md. Selim , Dasa Manoj K. , Antonio-Lopez J. E. , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Bang Ole , Markos Christos
Published: August 2021

A Raman laser with distinct lines at 1683, 1868, 2099, and 2394 nm is reported based on a hydrogen-filled nested anti-resonant fiber, with high pulse energies of 18.25, 14.4, 14.1, and 8.2 µJ, respectively.
Nonlinear Generation of Energetic Ultrashort Vortex Pulses with Spectral and Topological Charge Diversity
Authors: Kabagöz Havva Begüm , Ma Zelin , Ramachandran Siddharth
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate the generation of ~170-fs, ~5-nJ pulses of spectrally diverse light carrying orbital angular momentum of user-controlled topological charge by exploiting the selectivity and efficiency of the soliton self-mode conversion phenomenon in optical fibers.
Rapid and large scanning of a microresonator soliton comb with the frequency-shift tracking of all comb modes
Authors: Kuse Naoya , Yasui Takeshi , Minoshima Kaoru
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a rapid and large scanning of a microresonator soliton comb by employing a feedback loop assisted with a feedforward signal, in which the frequency shift of all comb modes is also tracked.
Broadband Dual-Pumped Normal-GVD Kerr Combs
Authors: Okawachi Yoshitomo , Kim Bok Young , Jang Jae K. , Ji Xingchen , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander L.
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate broadband Kerr comb generation spanning >250 nm in a normal group-velocity-dispersion silicon-nitride microresonator using two frequency-nondegenerate pumps. Numerical modeling using a modified Lugiato-Lefever equation reveals the onset of switching waves.
Ultra-Broadband Dissipative Kerr Soliton Microcomb through Dual Pumping Operation
Authors: Moille Gregory , Perez Edgar F. , Rao Ashutosh , Lu Xiyuan , Chembo Yanne K. , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate ultra-broadband dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs through dual-pumping. Non- degenerate four-wave mixing produces a new set of phase-stable dispersive waves and a comb bandwidth that far exceeds that set by the resonator’s geometric dispersion.
Fully Integrated Broad-Band High Power Frequency Comb Based on a Multimode Gain Chip
Authors: Gil-Molina Andres , Antman Yair , Westreich Ohad , Ji Xingchen , Gaeta Alexander L. , Lipson Michal
Published: August 2021

We generate a Kerr frequency comb in a SiN ring spanning over 150nm with 23mW pump power. Self-injection locking of a multi-mode chip-based gain allows access to high pump power while maintaining single mode operation.
Real-time observation of breathing soliton and soliton molecules dynamics in strong coupled microcavity
Authors: Wang Wenting , Jiang Xinghe , Vinod Abhinav Kumar , Liu Hao , Yu Mingbin , Kwong Dim-Lee , Wong Chee Wei
Published: August 2021

Direct and temporal magnified real-time observations of the breathing soliton dynamics in a strong-coupled high-Q microcavity are reported. Temporal oscillating soliton pulse train with tunable amplitude modulation depth and relative breathing phase is observed.
Compact Broadband Rapid-Adiabatic Polarization Splitter- Rotators in a Monolithic Electronic-Photonic SOI Platform
Authors: Fargas Cabanillas Josep M. , Singh Manuj Kumar , Zhang Bohan , Popović Miloš A.
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a novel compact, ultra-broadband polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) based on a photonic magic-T and rapid adiabatic mode splitter (RAMS). Polarization cross-talk is <-14dB over 70 nm around 1550 nm, with IL <-0.3dB and a >5 × length reduction over a conventional adiabatic PSR.
Low-channel-crosstalk WDM (de)multiplexer based on Sagnac-grating-assisted cascaded MZIs on SOI
Authors: Chou Chia-Chen , Yen Tzu-Hsiang , Wang Yen-Chieh , Hung Yung-Jr
Published: August 2021

A sharp bandpass filter, realized by inserting apodized gratings in a Sagnac interferometer, is connected to the output ports of cascaded MZIs to demonstrate a WDM (de)multiplexer with a low channel crosstalk of -42 dB.
Terahertz Material Characterization with Visible Light
Authors: Kutas Mirco , Haase Björn , Klier Jens , Molter Daniel , von Freymann Georg
Published: August 2021

We measure optical properties of samples in the terahertz frequency range by detecting only visible photons. In our quantum-inspired measurement technique, properties of terahertz photons are transferred via biphoton correlation into the visible spectral range.
Noninvasive THz Measurement of Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Chen Andrew , Virk Arjun , Harris Zachery B. , Abazari Azin , Honkanen Robert , Arbab M. Hassan
Published: August 2021

Endothelial damage related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated using a THz corneal scanner. An increase in the IOP in rabbit and porcine eyes corresponded to increased THz reflectivity. Endothelial damage was confirmed independently using SEM.
Multifunctional Fano resonance modulator with graphene-based double-layer independent gratings
Authors: Shi Wenjie , Wang Yiqing , Zhou Jiacheng , Hu Zhengda , Wang Jicheng , Hu Lifa
Published: August 2021

Fano resonance is based on a plasmonic metasurface and has many applications in various fields. In this paper, we propose an independently adjustable graphene-based double-layer grating structure. We control multiple Fano resonances at different wavelengths and bandwidths by regulating the Fermi level thanks to the preeminent characteristic of graphene. Here, the equivalent resonator coupled-mode method is used to better describe the Fano resonance of this designed structure adequately, and the transmission spectra fit well. The functional switch could be achieved at different wavelengths by using Fano resonance. We can obtain excellent group refractive index of this designed structure, which means it has superior applications in slow light. The effect of the refractive index of the dielectric layer on the sensing performance is researched so that the structure has a good application in sensors. Furthermore, we look forward to making potential contributions to fabricate integrated optical sensors and devices based on those elaborately designed structures.
Frequency upconversion imaging based on Hadamard coding
Authors: Jiang YuQi , He WeiJi , Mao TianYi , Gu GuoHua , Chen Qian
Published: August 2021

A frequency upconversion imaging based on Hadamard coding is presented to remove the distorting effect on condition that the pump beam is tightly focused to optimize the conversion efficiency. The distortion caused by the convolution between the object field and the pump field is ascribed to the point spread function effect. In order to remove the blurring in an upconversion imaging system optimized by tight focused pump, the object is encoded by measurement matrices and the corresponding intensity of the converted field is measured. Thus the intensity distribution of the object can be calculated accurately by the measurements and the measurement matrix. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by employing the Hadamard matrix since the intensity of measured converted signal is far larger than the intensity of each pixel. The experimental results show the proposed method removes the distorting effect caused by the convolution. The converted image still has sharp edges on condition that the conversion efficiency is optimized by tight focusing the pump beam.
Raman spectra recovery using a second derivative technique and range independent baseline correction algorithm
Authors: Huzortey Andrew Atiogbe , Anderson Benjamin , Owusu Alfred
Published: August 2021

We report on a computational technique that recovers Raman peaks embedded in highly fluorescent contaminated spectra. The method uses a second derivative technique to identify the most intense Raman peak, and a modified Savisty Golay algorithm to filter and recover the embedded Raman peaks iteratively. This technique is an improvement on existing background removal algorithms in both performance and user objectivity.
Intranasal vaccine from whole Leishmania donovani antigens provides protection and induces specific immune response against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Helou Doumet Georges , Mauras Aurélie , Fasquelle François , Lanza Juliane Sousa , Loiseau Philippe M. , Betbeder Didier , Cojean Sandrine
Published: August 2021

Visceral leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease associated with high fatality rate in developing countries. Although the drug pipeline is constantly improving, available treatments are costly and live-threatening side effects are not uncommon. Moreover, an approved vaccine against human leishmaniasis does not exist yet. Using whole antigens from Leishmania donovani promastigotes (LdAg), we investigated the protective potential of a novel adjuvant-free vaccine strategy. Immunization of mice with LdAg via the intradermal or the intranasal route prior to infection decreases the parasitic burden in primary affected internal organs, including the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Interestingly, the intranasal route is more efficient than the intradermal route, leading to better parasite clearance and remarkable induction of adaptive immune cells, notably the helper and cytotoxic T cells. In vitro restimulation experiments with Leishmania antigens led to significant IFN-γ secretion by splenocytes; therefore, exemplifying specificity of the adaptive immune response. To improve mucosal delivery and the immunogenic aspects of our vaccine strategy, we used polysaccharide-based nanoparticles (NP) that carry the antigens. The NP-LdAg formulation is remarkably taken up by dendritic cells and induces their maturation in vitro, as revealed by the increased expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC II. Intranasal immunization with NP-LdAg does not improve the parasite clearance in our experimental timeline; however, it does increase the percentage of effector and memory T helper cells in the spleen, suggesting a potential induction of long-term memory. Altogether, this study provides a simple and cost-effective vaccine strategy against visceral leishmaniasis based on LdAg administration via the intranasal route, which could be applicable to other parasitic diseases.
Leptospirosis as a cause of fever associated with jaundice in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mukadi Kakoni Patrick , Munyeku Bazitama Yannick , Nepomuceno Jean Raphael , Pukuta-Simbu Elisabeth , Kawhata Mawika Francois , Kashitu Mujinga Gracia , Palla Luigi , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Muyembe Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Koizumi Nobuo , Kubo Yoshinao , Ariyoshi Koya , Smith Chris
Published: August 2021

Background

Fever with jaundice is a common symptom of some infectious diseases. In public health surveillance within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), yellow fever is the only recognized cause of fever with jaundice. However, only 5% of the surveillance cases are positive for yellow fever and thus indicate the involvement of other pathogens. Leptospira spp. are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a widespread bacterial zoonosis, a known cause of fever with jaundice. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of anti-Leptospira antibodies among suspected yellow fever cases and map the geographical distribution of possible leptospirosis in the DRC.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using 1,300 samples from yellow fever surveillance in the DRC from January 2017 to December 2018. Serum samples were screened for the presence of IgM against Leptospira spp. by a whole cell-based IgM ELISA (Patoc-IgM ELISA) at the Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale in Kinshasa (INRB) according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidance. Exploratory univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to assess associations between socio-demographic factors and the presence of Leptospira IgM.

Results

Of the 1,300 serum samples screened, 88 (7%) showed evidence of IgM against Leptospira spp. Most positive cases (34%) were young adult males in the 20–29-year group. There were statistically significant associations between having Leptospira IgM antibodies, age, sex, and living area. Observed positive cases were mostly located in urban settings, and the majority lived in the province of Kinshasa. There was a statistically significant association between seasonality and IgM Leptospira spp. positivity amongst those living in Kinshasa, where most of the positive cases occurred during the rainy season.

Conclusions

This study showed that leptospirosis is likely an overlooked cause of unexplained cases of fever with jaundice in the DRC and highlights the need to consider leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of fever with jaundice, particularly in young adult males. Further studies are needed to identify animal reservoirs, associated risk factors, and the burden of human leptospirosis in the DRC.
Celecoxib exhibits therapeutic potential in experimental model of hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Ekor Martins , Owusu Agyei Phyllis Elsie , Obese Ernest , Biney Robert Peter , Henneh Isaac Tabiri , Antwi-Adjei Meshack , Yahaya Ewura Seidu , Amoakohene Gordon , Akakpo Patrick Kafui
Published: August 2021

Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. Celecoxib attenuated hypercholesterolaemia associated with CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats without improving liver function in our previous study. This present study investigated the lipid lowering potential of celecoxib in normal rats fed with coconut oil subjected to five deep-frying episodes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups (n = 6 rats/group) which received physiological saline (10 mL/kg), unheated coconut oil (UO, 10 mL/kg) or heated coconut oil (HO, 10 ml/kg) for 60 days. Groups that received HO were subsequently treated with either physiological saline, atorvastatin (25 mg/kg), celecoxib (5 mg/kg) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg) in the last fifteen days of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after last treatment and blood and tissue samples collected for analysis. HO consumption produced significant hyperlipidaemia and elevation in marker enzymes of hepatic function. Celecoxib ameliorated the hyperlipidaemia as shown by the significantly (P<0.05) lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and very low density lipoprotein in the celecoxib-treated rats when compared with HO-fed rats that received saline. Celecoxib also reduced (P<0.05) alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and liver weight of hyperlipidaemic rats. Similarly, hepatocellular damage with the hyperlipidaemia was significantly reversed by celecoxib. However, serum TNF-α and IL-6 did not change significantly between the various groups. Taken together, data from this study suggest that celecoxib may exert therapeutic benefit in hyperlipidaemia and its attendant consequences.
Soil respiration variation along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian Alps: Disentangling forest structure and temperature effects
Authors: Badraghi Aysan , Ventura Maurizio , Polo Andrea , Borruso Luigimaria , Giammarchi Francesco , Montagnani Leonardo
Published: August 2021

On the mountains, along an elevation gradient, we generally observe an ample variation in temperature, with the associated difference in vegetation structure and composition and soil properties. With the aim of quantifying the relative importance of temperature, vegetation and edaphic properties on soil respiration (SR), we investigated changes in SR along an elevation gradient (404 to 2101 m a.s.l) in the southern slopes of the Alps in Northern Italy. We also analysed soil physicochemical properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, fine root C and N, litter C and N, soil bulk densities and soil pH at five forest sites, and also stand structural properties, including vegetation height, age and basal area. Our results indicated that SR rates increased with temperature in all sites, and 55–76% of SR variability was explained by temperature. Annual cumulative SR, ranging between 0.65–1.40 kg C m-2 yr-1, decreased along the elevation gradient, while temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SR increased with elevation. However, a high SR rate (1.27 kg C m-2 yr-1) and low Q10 were recorded in the mature conifer forest stand at 1731 m a.s.l., characterized by an uneven-aged structure and high dominant tree height, resulting in a nonlinear relationship between elevation and temperature. Reference SR at 10°C (SRref) was unrelated to elevation, but was related to tree height. A significant negative linear relationship was found between bulk density and elevation. Conversely, SOC, root C and N stock, pH, and litter mass were best fitted by nonlinear relationships with elevation. However, these parameters were not significantly correlated with SR when the effect of temperature was removed (SRref). These results demonstrate that the main factor affecting SR in forest ecosystems along this Alpine elevation gradient is temperature, but its regulating role can be strongly influenced by site biological characteristics, particularly vegetation type and structure, affecting litter quality and microclimate. This study also confirms that high elevation sites are rich in SOC and more sensitive to climate change, being prone to high C losses as CO2. Furthermore, our data indicate a positive relationship between Q10 and dominant tree height, suggesting that mature forest ecosystems characterized by an uneven-age structure, high SRref and moderate Q10, may be more resilient.
Kidney transplantation outcomes in patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular and non-glomerular primary diseases in the new era of immunosuppression
Authors: Lionaki Sophia , Makropoulos Ilias , Panagiotellis Konstantinos , Vlachopanos George , Gavalas Ioannis , Marinaki Smaragdi , Liapis George , Michelakis Ioannis , Bokos Ioannis , Boletis Ioannis
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Kidney transplant (KTx) recipients with IgAN as primary disease, were compared with recipients with other causes of renal failure, in terms of long-term outcomes.

Methods

Ninety-nine KTx recipients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to IgAN, were retrospectively compared to; i/ a matched case-control group of patients with non-glomerular causes of ESKD, and ii/ four control groups with ESKD due to glomerular diseases; 44 patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 19 with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), 22 with lupus nephritis (LN) and 21 with pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (PIGN).

Results

At end of the observation period, graft function and survival, were similar between KTx recipients with IgAN and all other groups, but the rate of disease recurrence in the graft differed significantly across groups. The rate of IgAN recurrence in the graft was 23.2%, compared to 59.1% (p<0.0001) in the FSGS group, 42.1% (p = 0.17) in the IMN group, and 0% in the LN and PIGN groups (p = 0.01). IgAN recipients, who were maintained with a regimen containing tacrolimus, experienced recurrence less frequently, compared to those maintained with cyclosporine (p = 0.01). Graft loss attributed to recurrence was significantly higher in patients with FSGS versus all others.

Conclusion

Recipients with IgAN as primary disease, experienced outcomes comparable to those of recipients with other causes of ESKD. The rate of IgAN recurrence in the graft was significantly lower than the rate of FSGS recurrence, but higher than the one recorded in recipients with LN or PIGN. Tacrolimus, as part of the KTx maintenance therapy, was associated with lower rates of IgAN recurrence in the graft, compared to the rate cyclosporine.
Service delivery point and individual characteristics associated with the adoption of modern contraceptive: A multi-country longitudinal analysis
Authors: Anglewicz Philip , Cardona Carolina , Akinlose Titilope , Gichangi Peter , OlaOlorun Funmilola , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Thiongo Mary , Akilimali Pierre , Tsui Amy , Kayembe Patrick ,   The PMA Agile Principal Investigators Group
Published: August 2021

Background

Women who start using contraception (“adopters”) are a key population for family planning goals, but little is known about characteristics that predict the adoption of contraception as opposed to current use. We used prospective data from women and facilities for five countries, (Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso) and identified baseline characteristics that predicted adoption of modern contraception in the short term.

Methods

We used data from the Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) Agile Project. PMA Agile administered service delivery point (SDP) client exit interview (CEI) surveys in urban sites of these five countries. Female clients responding to the CEI were asked for phone numbers that were used for a phone follow-up survey approximately four months later. For our analysis, we used data from the SDP and CEI baseline surveys, and the phone follow up to compare women who start using contraception during this period with those who remain non-users. We used characteristics of the facility and the woman at baseline to predict her contraception adoption in the future.

Results

Discussing FP with a partner at baseline was associated with greater odds of adoption in DRC (OR 2.34; 95% CI 0.97–5.66), India (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.05–4.93), and Kenya (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.16–2.35). Women who discussed family planning with any staff member at the health facility had 1.72 greater odds (95% CI 1.13–2.67) of becoming an adopter in Nigeria. The odds of adoption were lower in Nigerian facilities that had a stockout (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.44–1.00) at baseline. Other characteristics associated with contraception adoption across settings were education, age, wealth, parity, and marital status.

Conclusions

Characteristics of both the woman and the health facility were associated with adoption of modern contraception in the future. Some characteristics, like discussing family planning with a spouse, education, and parity, were associated with contraceptive adoption across settings. Other characteristics that predict contraceptive use, such as health facility measures, varied across countries.
Postnatal care service utilization and its determinants in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A mixed-method study
Authors: Zeleke Liknaw Bewket , Wondie Asmare Talie , Tibebu Melaku Admas , Alemu Addisu Alehegn , Tessema Mekuanint Taddele , Shita Nigusie Gashaye , Khajehei Marjan
Published: August 2021

Background

The days and weeks after childbirth are crucial for both the mother and her newborn child leading for the majority of maternal and perinatal mortalities. The World Health Organization recommends at least three postnatal visits within 42 days after birth. However, postnatal care utilization remains low worldwide. Quantitative findings revealed low utilization of postnatal care in Ethiopia, however, no study explored the barriers for postnatal care. This study aimed to assess the barriers to postnatal care service utilization in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based, mixed type cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15, 2018, to February 15, 2019. The quantitative data was gathered using the interviewer-administered interviewing technique from 751 women who gave birth within one year prior to the study selected by multistage sampling. The qualitative data were collected from purposively sampled women, facility leaders, and health extension workers using in-depth interviews and focused group discussions. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using logistic regression and by the thematic content analysis method, respectively.

Results

The study revealed that postnatal care service utilization was 34.6%. The odds of using PNC services were greater in women aged 25–34 years and used maternity waiting home. In contrast, women who were muslim religion followers, had normal or instrumental birth, not aware of the PNC services and whose partners were not supportive of the use of MCH services were less likely to use PNC services. According to the qualitative findings, lack of awareness, traditional beliefs and religious practices, distance and transportation, environmental exposure, and waiting time were identified as barriers to PNC service utilization.

Conclusion and recommendation

The study showed low utilization of PNC services in East Gojjam zone, northwest Ethiopia. Improvements in personal health education, in construction of relevant infrastructure, and to transport, are needed to remove or reduce barriers to PNC service use in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.
Determinants of hospital inefficiency. The case of Polish county hospitals
Authors: Sielskas Agata
Published: August 2021

Local hospitals play a crucial role in the healthcare system. In this study, the efficiency of Polish county hospitals is assessed by considering characteristics of hospitals that may determine their performance, such as the form of ownership, size, and staff structure. The main goal was to analyze the effect of three possible determinants on efficiency: ownership, the presence of an Emergency Department, and the presence of an Intensive Care Unit. The study covered different subgroups of hospitals and different approaches of inputs and outputs. An input-oriented radial super-efficiency DEA model under variable returns to scale was used for the efficiency analysis, and then differences between distributions of efficient and inefficient units were evaluated using a Chi-square test. A Kruskal-Wallis test was also used to analyze differences in mean efficiency. Inefficiency scores were regressed with hospital characteristics to test for other determinants. These results did not confirm differences in efficiency concerning ownership. However, in some subgroups of hospitals, running an Emergency Department or an Intensive Care Unit had a significant effect. Tobit regression results provided additional insight into how an Emergency Department or Intensive Care Unit can affect efficiency. Both cases had an effect of increasing inefficiency, and the data suggested that the department/unit size plays an important role.
Clinical validation of an open-access SARS-COV-2 antigen detection lateral flow assay, compared to commercially available assays
Authors: Bachman Christine M. , Grant Benjamin D. , Anderson Caitlin E. , Alonzo Luis F. , Garing Spencer , Byrnes Sam A. , Rivera Rafael , Burkot Stephen , Ball Alexey , Stafford James W. , Wang Wenbo , Banik Dipayan , Keller Matthew D. , Cate David M. , Nichols Kevin P. , Weigl Bernhard H. , Dewan Puneet
Published: August 2021

Rapid tests for SARS-COV-2 infection are important tools for pandemic control, but current rapid tests are based on proprietary designs and reagents. We report clinical validation results of an open-access lateral flow assay (OA-LFA) design using commercially available materials and reagents, along with RT-qPCR and commercially available comparators (BinaxNOW® and Sofia®). Adult patients with suspected COVID-19 based on clinical signs and symptoms, and with symptoms ≤7 days duration, underwent anterior nares (AN) sampling for the OA-LFA, Sofia®, BinaxNOW ™, and RT-qPCR, along with nasopharyngeal (NP) RT-qPCR. Results indicate a positive predictive agreement with NP sampling as 69% (60% -78%) OA-LFA, 74% (64% - 82%) Sofia®, and 82% (73% - 88%) BinaxNOW™. The implication for these results is that we provide an open-access LFA design that meets the minimum WHO target product profile for a rapid test, that virtually any diagnostic manufacturer could produce.
A unique GCN5 histone acetyltransferase complex controls erythrocyte invasion and virulence in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Miao Jun , Wang Chengqi , Lucky Amuza Byaruhanga , Liang Xiaoying , Min Hui , Adapa Swamy Rakesh , Jiang Rays , Kim Kami , Cui Liwang
Published: August 2021

The histone acetyltransferase GCN5-associated SAGA complex is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human and functions as a general transcription co-activator in global gene regulation. In this study, we identified a divergent GCN5 complex inPlasmodium falciparum, which contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) proteins (PfPHD1 and PfPHD2) and a plant apetela2 (AP2)-domain transcription factor (PfAP2-LT). To dissect the functions of the PfGCN5 complex, we generated parasite lines with either the bromodomain in PfGCN5 or the PHD domain in PfPHD1 deleted. The two deletion mutants closely phenocopied each other, exhibiting significantly reduced merozoite invasion of erythrocytes and elevated sexual conversion. These domain deletions caused dramatic decreases not only in histone H3K9 acetylation but also in H3K4 trimethylation, indicating synergistic crosstalk between the two euchromatin marks. Domain deletion in either PfGCN5 or PfPHD1 profoundly disturbed the global transcription pattern, causing altered expression of more than 60% of the genes. At the schizont stage, these domain deletions were linked to specific down-regulation of merozoite genes involved in erythrocyte invasion, many of which contain the AP2-LT binding motif and are also regulated by AP2-I and BDP1, suggesting targeted recruitment of the PfGCN5 complex to the invasion genes by these specific factors. Conversely, at the ring stage, PfGCN5 or PfPHD1 domain deletions disrupted the mutually exclusive expression pattern of the entirevargene family, which encodes the virulent factor PfEMP1. Correlation analysis between the chromatin state and alteration of gene expression demonstrated that up- and down-regulated genes in these mutants are highly correlated with the silent and active chromatin states in the wild-type parasite, respectively. Collectively, the PfGCN5 complex represents a novel HAT complex with a unique subunit composition including an AP2 transcription factor, which signifies a new paradigm for targeting the co-activator complex to regulate general and parasite-specific cellular processes in this low-branching parasitic protist.
Wound healing potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium: An in vitro and in vivo study in diabetes-induced rats
Authors: Hendrawan Siufui , Kusnadi Yuyus , Lagonda Christine Ayu , Fauza Dilafitria , Lheman Jennifer , Budi Erwin , Manurung Brian Saputra , Baer Hans Ulrich , Tan Sukmawati Tansil
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and its conditioned medium (CM) promote wound healing. This study investigated the wound healing potential of hUC-MSC CM in vitro and in vivo using diabetic animal models.

Materials and Methods: The CM from hUC-MSC CM prepared under hypoxic conditions (hypoxic hUC-MSC) was evaluated for stimulating rat fibroblast growth, collagen production (in vitro), and wound healing in animal models (in vivo). An excision wound on the dorsal side of the diabetes-induced rats was established, and the rats were randomly divided into non-treatment, antibiotic, and hypoxic hUC-MSC CM groups. The cell number of fibroblasts and collagen secretion was evaluated and compared among the groups in an in vitro study. By contrast, wound size reduction, width of re-epithelialization, and the collagen formation area were assessed and compared among the groups in an in vivo study.

Results: CM under hypoxic conditions contained a higher concentration of wound healing-related growth factors. Hypoxic hUC-MSC CM could facilitate fibroblast cell growth and collagen synthesis, although not significant compared with the control group. Re-epithelialization and collagen production were higher in the hUC-MSC CM group than in the antibiotic and non-treatment groups.

Conclusion: Hypoxic hUC-MSC CM possessed more positive effects on the wound healing process based on re-epithelialization and collagen formation than antibiotic treatment did.
Bone Graft Substitutes in Maxillofacial Reconstruction - Structural and Biomechanical Perspectives
Authors: S. Shyam Sundar , Shetty Sahith Kumar
Published: August 2021

Reconstruction of a maxillofacial skeletal defect in the recent past has witnessed a paradigm shift in the process of treatment planning. It has now become a collaboration between the surgeon and the bioengineer to provide a customised stable reconstruction. Understanding maxillofacial skeleton from an architectural and biomechanical perspective would not only guide the surgeon in planning a reconstruction but also the bioengineer to select the biomaterial and design an ideal reconstruction. This paper intended to provide an insight into scientific concepts which needed to be considered during the designing of biomaterials for reconstruction of maxillofacial skeletal defects. Any object in the world, from a mechanical perspective is seen only as a material of varying physical and chemical (organic / inorganic) properties dwelling in a dynamic three-dimensional environment. Bone continuously has been re-modelling by adapting to the dynamic loading environment through an established force distribution pattern of equilibrium. 1 Hence, for a patient requiring reconstruction of defects of varying dimensions within the craniomaxillofacial skeleton, its architectural complexity should be seen from both the surgeon’s and bioengineer’s perspective. Such multidisciplinary approach would provide a customized comprehensive reconstructive and rehabilitative solution.
Laparoendoscopic Approach in the Management of Abdominal Wall Hernia - Our Initial Experience from Chennai, India
Authors: Ravindrakumar Chandru , Sanniyasi Saravanan , Ahmed Pervez , Subramaniam Surya
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Incisional hernias are a common occurrence following midline laparotomy. Numerous techniques have been employed in the management of this common condition. Randomized trials and evidence based medicine help us in deciding what the optimal treatment is in a particular condition. This is often not possible in case of hernia due to the heterogeneity of population. Laparoscopy is gaining popularity in the management of this condition as results are comparable to open surgery with lesser post-operative pain. The placement of mesh intraperitoneally as in laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair has its own disadvantage such as mesh erosion into viscera. Placement of mesh endoscopically as an onlay repair seems to be a good option, more so in the developing world, considering the prohibitive cost of composite mesh. The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical ease, reproducibility, outcome, postoperative pain and complications of laparoendoscopic hybrid technique in the management of abdominal wall hernia. METHODS This technique combines the benefits of minimal invasive surgery and ease of onlay mesh repair, while reducing wound related problems associated with open surgery. It involves first a laparoscopic approach in entry, reducing the contents, visualizing the sac followed by endoscopic dissection using the same trocar anterior to abdominal wall in the subcutaneous plane. This is followed by sac dissection, suturing the abdominal wall and placing an onlay mesh RESULTS Fifteen patients have been operated; no subcutaneous drains were placed. A polypropylene onlay mesh was used and fixation done with suturing. No major complications were seen. There was no subcutaneous emphysema. CONCLUSIONS The laparoendoscopic hybrid technique offers advantage of being minimally invasive and having lower wound related complications, with early ambulation and decreased hospital stay. It is also technically easier to suture the defect and allow complete excision of the sac. However a randomized trial is necessary and larger series are required to compare the results with other established techniques. KEY WORDS Incisional Hernia, Laparo - Endoscopic - Onlay Mesh, Surgical Techniques, SCOLA
Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Antepartum Haemorrhage of Unknown Origin in Chennai, India
Authors: Gaddam Swetha Gulabi , Thangamani Vijithra
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin (APHUO) being a diagnosis of exclusion, is a rare condition which poses dilemma in the management of pregnancy in terms of timing and mode of delivery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antenatal factors associated with APHUO, clinical presentation and analyse its impact on pregnancy and its outcome. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted over a period of two years in a tertiary care hospital. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between 41 cases who had APHUO versus 39 controls who never had history of bleeding in their antepartum period. Bleeding pattern, incidence of preterm labour, intra partum and postpartum complications, mode of delivery, birth weight, APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) score of the baby and neo-natal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were analysed. RESULTS Patients with APHUO had subclinical abruption and increased risk of preterm delivery. Intrapartum and postpartum complications were similar among both the groups. The average birth weight was much lesser in the study group, but the cause was attributed to prematurity. These findings were consistent with the previous studies. CONCLUSIONS APHUO is associated with subclinical abruption and increased risk of preterm labour. Hence the patient should be counselled for delivery at a tertiary care center with adequate neonatal care. Greater incidence of NICU admission and low birth weight were attributed to prematurity among the study group. Induction of labour at term in this group is of questionable value unless there is an associated obstetric indication. KEY WORDS APHUO, Preterm Labour, Sub Clinical Abruption, Low Birth Weight
A Magyarországon tanuló külföldi egyetemi hallgatók turisztikai fogyasztási szokásainak elsődleges elemzése = The primary analysis of the tourism consumption habits of the international students studying in Hungary
Authors: Csapó János , M. Császár Zsuzsa
Published: August 2021

Jelen tanulmány felméri és összegzi azon kutatási eredményeket, amelyek a Magyarországon tanuló nemzetközi diákok és az őket meglátogatók turisztikai fogyasztási szokásaira vonatkoznak. A kérdőíves megkeresésekkel kivitelezett kutatással, a hazánkban tanuló nemzetközi hallgatók magyarországi turisztikai szokásaira vonatkozó kérdéseken keresztül azt kívántuk feltárni, hogy ez a szegmens milyen mértékben jelenik meg a hazai turisztikai folyamatokban, és milyen gazdasági hatással bír. A tanulmány eredményeinek közlése tekintetében kijelenthető, hogy hazánkban hasonló jellegű kutatás még nem zajlott le, így a nemzetközi hallgatókhoz köthető turizmus társadalmi-gazdasági és turisztikai folyamatokban betöltött szerepének vizsgálata tudományos nóvum Magyarországon. Elsődleges eredményeink igazolják, hogy a szegmens aktívan részt vesz a hazai turisztikai folyamatokban, így, mivel ezen fogyasztói csoport pontos megismerése még csak most kezdődött el, javasoljuk egy vonatkozó országos, illetve az egyes kiemelt egyetemi városokat célzó turizmusmarketing stratégia kidolgozását.
APPENDICULAR SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PREDICTION EQUATIONS
Authors: VISVANATHAN R. , YU S. , FIELD J. , CHAPMAN I. , ADAMS R. , WITTERT G. , VISVANATHAN T.
Published: August 2021

Objectives:Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function seen with increasing age. Central tomaking the diagnosis of sarcopenia is the assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). The objectiveof this study was to develop and validate novel anthropometric prediction equations (PEs) for ASM that would beuseful in primary or aged care. Design:PEs were developed using best subset regression analysis. Three bestperforming PEs (PE1, PE2, PE3) were selected and validated using the Bland-Altman and Sheiner & Bealmethods. Setting:Community dwelling adults in South Australia. Participants:188 healthy subjects wereinvolved in the development study. 2275 older(age >50years) subjects were involved in the validation study.Measurements:ASM was assessed using dual x-ray abosrptiometry (DEXA). Weight and height was measuredand body mass index (BMI) estimated. Results: A strong correlation between PE derived ASM and the DEXAderived ASM was seen for the three selected PEs. PE3: ASM= 10.047427 + 0.353307(weight) - 0.621112(BMI) -0.022741(age) + 5.096201(if male) performed the best. PE3 over-estimated (P<0.001) ASM by 0.36 kg (95% CI0.28-0.44 Kg) and the adjusted R2was 0.869. The 95% limit of agreement was between -3.5 and 4.35 kg and thestandard error of the estimate was 1.95. The root mean square error was 1.91(95% CI 1.80-2.01). PE3 alsoperformed the best across the various age (50-65, 65-<80, 80+ years) and weight (BMI <18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9,>30 kg/m2) groups. Conclusions:A new anthropometric PE for ASM has been developed for use in primary oraged care but is specific to Caucasian population groups.
DIET LIBERALISATION IN OLDER AUSTRALIANS DECREASES FRAILTY WITHOUT INCREASING THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CHRONIC DISEASE
Authors: BAULDERSTONE L. , YAXLEY A. , LUSZCZ M. , MILLER M.
Published: August 2021

Background:Successful ageing relies on the prevention of frailty and chronic disease, many of whichhave a strong link with diet. Despite evidence suggesting diet is important in the management of frailty, there islittle evidence investigating the impact of a liberal diet on the prevention of frailty and development of chronicdiseases in the elderly. Objectives:To determine the impact of a liberal diet on the development of frailty andwhether this affects the incidence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Design:Secondary dataanalysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 1992 to 2000. Setting:Random selection of older adultsfrom the South Australian electoral roll. Participants:1298 older Australians (629 women, 669 men), mean age77 years. Measurements:A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to measure the dietary exposure;liberal diet defined as: energy >10% estimated requirements; sodium >1600mg; total fat >35% energy; saturatedfat >10%; refined sugar >10%; fibre <38g males and <28g females. Frailty was determined using the Friedphenotype in combination with Cesari’s biological definition of frailty. Chronic disease outcomes were measuredby medication usage and obesity defined as BMI >30kg/m². Binary logistic regression was performed usingparticipants free of chronic disease at baseline to determine the impact of each dietary exposure independently,and combined, on the development of frailty and the incidence of chronic disease over the subsequent eight years.Results:Incidence of frailty after 8 years of follow up was 14%. The incidence of diabetes after 8 years of followup was 5.3%, hypertension 39%, hyperlipidaemia 15% and obesity 6%. A liberal energy intake adjusted for ageand sex, significantly reduced the risk of developing frailty eight years post baseline (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30,0.77). After adjustment for age, sex and body weight, a liberal saturated fat intake (>10% of energy) increasedthe risk of hyperlipidaemia (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.27, 3.54). A liberal intake of sodium, total fat, refined sugar andfibre did not increase the risk of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia or obesity. Conclusions:This studysuggests that a liberal intake of energy may decrease the risk of developing frailty in the elderly withoutincreasing the risk of developing obesity, diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidaemia. Caution should remainhowever in the prescription of diets high in saturated fat as the link established with hyperlipidaemia in youngadults appears to be consistent in the elderly. Further research is required to explore the optimal sources of energyfor a liberalised diet and the effect of a liberalised diet on other diet related health conditions.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE USE OF COMPLETE DENTURES AND FRAILTY IN EDENTULOUS MEXICAN ELDERS
Authors: CASTREJON-PEREZ R.C. , BORGES-YAÑEZ S.A.
Published: August 2021

Objectives:Edentulism and use of complete dentures (CD), which are common among elderly people,increase the risk for malnutrition and weight loss, components of frailty syndrome. Objectives:To identify if CDuse is associated with the presence of frailty in a group of edentulous people aged ≥70 years, residing in MexicoCity. Design:This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a cohort study. Setting and Participants:Thestudy population consisted of 33,347 people living independently in one district of Mexico City, 149 edentuloussubjects were interviewed and examined for this analysis. Measurements:Frail people experienced 3 or more ofthe following 5 components: unintentional weight loss, poor endurance and energy, low physical activity,slowness, and weakness. Dental variables were CD use, CD functionality, self-perception of oral health, use ofdental services the previous year, xerostomia, and chewing problems. Age, sex, education level, cognitiveimpairment, urinary incontinence, number of falls, hospitalization, and number of drugs consumed wereconsidered. Univariate analysis and a logistic regression model were used. Results:The prevalence of frailty was23.5%. The probability of being frail increased among participants with osteoporosis (OR = 3.2), urinaryincontinence (OR = 3.8), cognitive impairment (OR = 4.1), and non-use of CD (OR = 5.2); for each additionaldrug taken per day, the risk of frailty increased by 28.9%. Conclusions:The non-use of CD in edentulous olderpersons can be a risk marker for frailty, health evaluation of the elderly should include a dental assessment.
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT OF FRAIL ELDERS
Authors: BARUSCH A. , WATERS D.L.
Published: August 2021

Background:Social isolation is a significant problem for frail older adults and the determinants ofsocial engagement are poorly understood. Objectives:This study explored the social engagement of frail eldersto identify personal attributes associated with social engagement. Design, Setting and Participants:A cross-sectional sample of seventy-three people receiving home-based care in one town on the South Island of NewZealand (mean age 82 (7.2) yrs, n=51 Females, 21 Males). Measurements:Face-to-face semi-structuredinterviews and questionnaires. Functional independence was measured using Nottingham Extended Activities ofDaily Living (EADL), self-efficacy by General Self Efficacy Scale, and 2 open-ended questions were piloted onsocial activities and helping others. Results:Regression models identified two statistically associatedcomponents of social engagement: social activities and civic involvement. Contributions to families andcommunity organizations and exercise were important social activities. Personal attributes included perceivedfunctional independence and self-efficacy. Conclusions:In frail older adults, a measurement of socialengagement should address activities older adults identify as important, including exercise. Independence, self -efficacy, and social engagement may interact in reinforcing cycles of empowerment and could play a role indeveloping interventions to retain and maintain function in frail older adults.
Building the Enactment Engagement Language Stored Program :Leemapper
Authors: Appiah Frank
Published: August 2021

This is about the necessary requirements needed to build an application of Lee class structures. The requirements look at the parameters needed to have a functional logic system. This is on Leemapper application and details of execution as outputs are also shown.