bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender and Public Spending on Education in Pakistan: A Case Study of Disaggregated Benefit Incidence
Authors: Muhammad Sabir
Published: August 2018

It is generally believed that education is one of the basic rights of every human being, irrespective of sex, age, creed, religion, etc. Moreover, the target of universal primary education cannot be achieved without female access to educational opportunities, which contains several external benefits. In addition, access to educational opportunities assumes prime importance for empowerment of women. However, inequalities in access to education between males and females can be found in many countries across the world including Pakistan. According to conventional wisdom, a combination of cultural, social, and economic factors are responsible for placing young girls and women at a serious disadvantage vis-a-vis access to school and the prospect of completing their education. This disadvantage can be altered through public policies including gender sensitive public spending on education. The above assertion about the role of public policy is based on the theory of public finance1, which demonstrates that public expenditure on education can affect the population in a number of ways, which has significant gender dimensions. For example, government spending on primary education is likely to generate more income for women than spending on universities, for the simple reason that there are relatively more women primary school teachers than women university lecturers. Moreover, these expenditures provide subsidized educational services, which is a form of “in kind transfers”. These “in-kind transfers” improve the current well-being of the recipients, and enhance their longer-run income-earning potential. They can be considered as both current and capital transfers to the recipients, and therefore can be termed as the “benefit incidence” of public spending. The main concern of this paper is to assess the gender dimension of the benefitincidence”. The tudy has two basic objectives. First and foremost, it aims to investigate which income group actually benefits from the government’s subsidized
How Do Women Decide to Work in Pakistan?
Authors: Zareen F. Naqvi  , Lubna Shehnaz
Published: August 2018

The incidence of women labour force participation is very low in Pakistan. According to the Labour Force Survey, 1999-2000 female participation rate was merely 14 percent of the total labour force. Even though average annual growth rate of female labour force participation has been increasing slightly in Pakistan; it was 4 percent in 1980-99 and has gone up to 5.1 percent during 1995-98,1 however, this rate is still very low as compared to the other South Asian countries—42 percent in Bangladesh, 41 percent in Nepal, 32 percent in India and Bhutan, 37 percent in Sri Lanka [World Bank (2002)]. This paper is an attempt to identify household related factors that lead to women participation in the economic activities. This issue has been taken up in a number of other studies.2 The innovative aspect of this paper is that it relates women’s decision to participate in economic activities with their empowerment—who makes the decision to participate in the labour force—whether it is the women themselves or others. We would like to state at the very onset that this paper is a first cut to explore the issues of women’s participation in economic activities and their and empowerment. We hope to get feedback in the conference to improve the technical aspects of this paper and explore other aspects of this issue.
Stock Prices and Exchange Rates: Are they Related? Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Naeem Muhammad  , Abdul Rasheed
Published: August 2018

The issue of whether stock prices and exchange rates are related or not has received considerable attention after the East Asian crisis. During the crisis the countries affected saw turmoil in both currency and stock markets. If stock prices and exchange rates are related and the causation runs from exchange rates to stock prices, then the crisis in the stock markets can be prevented by controlling the exchange rates. Moreover, developing countries can exploit such a link to attract/stimulate foreign portfolio investment in their own countries. Similarly, if the causation runs from stock prices to exchange rates then authorities can focus on domestic economic policies to stabilise the stock market. If the two markets/prices are related then investors can use this information to predict the behaviour of one market using the information on other market.1 Most of the empirical literature that has examined the stock prices-exchange rate relationship has focused on examining this relationship for the developed countries with very little attention on the developing countries. The results of these studies are, however, inconclusive. Some studies have found a significant positive relationship between stock prices and exchange rates [for instance Smith (1992); Solnik (1987) and Aggarwal (1981)] while others have reported a significant negative relationship between the two [e.g., Soenen and Hennigar (1998)]. On the other hand, there are some studies that have found very weak or no association between stock prices and exchange rates [for instance, Franck and Young (1972); Bartov and Bodnor (1994)].
Monetary Conditions Index: A Composite Measure of Monetary Policy in Pakistan
Authors: Abdul Qayyum
Published: August 2018

Accurate measures of the size and direction of changes in monetary policy are very important. A number of variables/indicators have been used as a measure of the stance of monetary policy the world over. These include growth rates of monetary aggregates and credit aggregates, short-term interest rate as used by Sims (1992), index of minutes of Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), as suggested by Friedman and Schwartz (1963) and reintroduced by Romer and Romer (1989), monetary policy index constructed by employing Vector Autoregression (VAR) estimation technique with prior information from Central Bank such as Bernanke and Blinder (1992) and Bernanke and Mihov (1998), and Monetary Conditions Index (MCI)—which is the focus of this paper—constructed by and used by Bank of Canada [Freedman (1995)], taking into consideration the interest rate and exchange rate channel of monetary policy transmission mechanism in a small open economy. In case of open economy it is assumed that the monetary policy affects the economy and the prime objective of monetary policy, rate of inflation, through two important transmission mechanisms. These transmission channels are; interest rate channel and exchange rate channel. The working of the first channel is that the interest rate influences the level of expenditures, investment and subsequently domestic demand. The change in official interest rate effects the market rates of interest both short term as well as long term interest rates. This change in market rates of interest is transmitted to the bank lending rates and saving rates. The change in saving rate effects the spending behaviour of individuals (consumption) whereas the change in bank lending rate effects the investment behaviour of firms (investment). The change in aggregate consumption and investment has direct link to the gross domestic product (GDP).
Experience of Equity-based Islamic Shares in Pakistan
Authors: Mohammad Nishat
Published: August 2018

Modarabah and leasing stocks, which are listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) since 1985, operate on the Islamic concept of financing under a well defined contractual framework supervised by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). The Islamic stocks had mushroom growth during the first sub-period of reforms1 and were exempted from various taxes during the initial 3 years of their operation. For investors these shares were a very attractive opportunity to build a quality portfolio and earn high returns. Due to bureaucratic and non-professional approach of banks in Pakistan these firms became popular alternatives lenders to medium and small sized business borrowers. The turn around time and efficient handling of the proposals made them more attractive.
Hidden Subsidies
Authors: Hafiz A Pasha
Published: August 2018

Many governments use price subsidisation (total costs less total revenues from user charges) to meet social protection objectives in lieu of, or in addition to, direct income transfers. Such subsidies may be perceived as influencing behaviour to further other socially desirable policies. For example, the price response induced by lowering the price of schooling will both lower the cost of living for the beneficiaries and also increase the investment in education more than a similar income transfer would achieve. The incidences of benefits from a general price subsidy are proportional to purchases and can be deduced from the pattern of expenditures. Some goods are inappropriate vehicles for redistribution since subsidies on them will not only accrue mainly to the rich they will actually increase inequality in welfare. It is therefore important to ensure that commodities chosen for price subsidisation are largely consumed by the lower income groups. Also, detailed data on such commodities should be made public to make the extent of subsidy easily tractable.
Measurement of Cost of Capital for Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: A Neoclassical Approach
Authors: Zahir Shah  , Qazi Masood Ahmad
Published: August 2018

Capital can move inside and outside the boundaries of a country in search of the highest financial return and greatest security for its operation in the host regions. High return from investment is linked with the incentive mechanism offered by the host country in attracting FDI to fill the investment gap and diffusion of other skills. To attract the foreign investors, the successive governments in Pakistan, offered various investment incentives in the form of tax concessions (tax expenditure) and direct expenditure on infrastructural provisions. The taxation policy of Pakistan has great relevance for Transnational Corporation’s (TNC) involvement in production activities. It is perceived to be a significantly influential factor in determining the inflow of foreign investment through the cost of capital and the resulting after tax return. Stimulating foreign investment, mainly through the large TNCs, requires cost minimising devices, which are reflected in fixed cost of a long-term investment project. The cost of fixed assets in such projects depends upon the rate of return, the price of capital goods and, most importantly, the tax treatment of generated income. Foreign investors are generally pursuing two sets of objectives that are related to their decision to invest. First, they prefer for locational advantages like market size, access to raw material and the availability of skilled labour. Secondly, they have their concern with the incentives offered by the host countries through their fiscal policies. These policies attract the investment considerations of the foreign investors. TNCs search the second set of objectives only if the first set is fulfilled.
Non-profit Sector in Pakistan: Government Policy and Future Issues
Authors: Aisha Ghaus-Pasha
Published: August 2018

The non-profit sector remains relatively small and underdeveloped in Pakistan. During the decade of the 1990s, it has demonstrated some nascent growth resulting from a number of favourable factors like the return to democracy, the growing push towards deregulation and privatisation, the process of globalisation and the emergence of international coalitions of civil society and the deterioration in the financial position of governments which has limited the public provision of social services. The objective of this paper is to examine the role played by government policy in fostering this process of growth of the non-profit sector of Pakistan and to review the key issues faced by the sector at this time. Of particular concern are, first, the overall posture of the government towards the non-profit sector, the types of policies in place, and the underlying philosophy or principles that guide policy-making. Second, the forms of support to the non-profit sector by different levels of government. Third, the posture of international organisations and supranational governments towards local non-profit organisations and, forth, the major issues facing the non-profit sector at the present time.
Regulation, Competition, and Information
Authors: Mian Muhammad Javed
Published: August 2018

You know it is very hard after the Governor, State Bank, to make a presentation but I will try to do it in a very mundane way. You know the Regulatory Bodies specially in the Economic Sector in recent times. There has been a sort of resurgence, leaving aside the regulation of the financial sector, which has been doing very well. Our old memory of regulation is not so pleasant. Long ago, there used to be a transport Authority which used to dole out “Route Permits” as political favours, and there was you know fixation of Bus Fares not always based on economic considerations but based on arbitrariness. But luckily we have learnt a lot. First, we learnt that it is good to deregulate and I think the primary purpose of the present resurgence is to deregulate. You have a regulatory body to deregulate. Secondly as the finance Minister said yesterday himself that this is a new paradigm. The regulation now has a major ingredient of a development role and in Pakistan with the combination of licencing as necessary part of regulation, you are very effective in that role and it also genuinely provides an opportunity for a one window type of operation where you give a permission and you facilitate the type approvals and then you help them dealing with the local agencies. Although you have brief period for evaluation but the preliminary perception is that they are fairing better than our Industrial Development Corporations which were given the role to promote the Private Sector.
Economic Philosophy of Allama Iqbal
Authors: Khawaja Amjad Saeed
Published: August 2018

Allama Muhammad Iqbal, the thinker of Pakistan, was born on November 09, 1877. His poetry in Urdu (30 percent) and Persian (70 percent) inspired Muslim Ummah and played a vital role in the establishment of Pakistan. Of Course, the great and dedicated work done by Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the father of our Country, enabled the dream of Allama Muhammad Iqbal to crystallise in reality.
Development Priorities of the Founding Father of Pakistan
Authors: Pervez Tahir
Published: August 2018

A close reading of the speeches and statements of the founding father of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, brings forth a striking consistency of understanding and approach towards priorities that the nation must determine to move steadily on the road to progress and development. These priorities were—in that order—education, industrial development and defence. Political historians generally present descriptive analyses of what appear to be radically different phases of the Quaid’s passage to lead the nation to its destiny—freedom. But at no point in any phase does one come across a weakening of resolve to advocate the priorities of Education, Industry and Defence—EID, for short. No better acronym of happiness would be possible for the Muslims of British India, EID being happiness and progress for them literally as well as religiously. After the adoption of the Pakistan Resolution in March 1940, the Quaid reiterated these priorities time and again. There is a noticeable accent in his speeches to specify the ramifications of these three pillars of progress.
Inaugural Address
Authors: Shaukat Aziz
Published: August 2018

Ladies and Gentlemen: The 18th Annual General Meeting of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) is taking place at an opportune time. The country has witnessed a smooth transition to democracy. There is now an elected government in place, fully charged with enthusiasm to improve the life of the common man by building a strong and vibrant economy. While we are in the process of finalising our economic agenda for the next five years, we would certainly welcome suggestions for improving the country’s economy from this august gathering. Knowledge is not the exclusive wisdom of the people at the helm of affairs. Some of the best brains in economics and other social sciences are participating in this conference and will be deliberating on various aspects of Pakistan’s economy for the next three days. I shall be looking forward to receiving their recommendations.
Missing Basic Issues on Credit Money: On the Role of Money in Removing World-wide Growth Barriers (The M. L. Qureshi Memorial Lecture)
Authors: Herbert Schui
Published: August 2018

Kalecki identifies demand restraint in industrialised and capital restraint in developing countries as the decisive barriers of world-wide growth. Thus, beyond others, it is a matter of financing to foster employment in both types of countries: a rational use of credit money on the international scale could finance additional imports of capital goods by developing countries, whereas industrialised countries could increase their output by trade balance surpluses. This question has been largely debated under various aspects, from the Stamp plan (1958) to the programme of the Commission on International Development Issues (1980). Even if this debate has been superseded by questions of the process and the institutions by which capital is allocated, of the appropriate business management and screening and monitoring, declining growth rates in the last twenty years show that the basic issue of production and distribution of additional real capital remains at stake. Besides institutional obstacles, capital restraint still remains the main bottleneck for development. Basic questions as how to create and use world-wide credit money has to be reconsidered instead of taking backfiring actions to manage actual financial crises. Additional international money supply by planned trade balance deficits of developing countries contributes to world-wide growth, whereas trade balance deficits of the United States are likely to prepare the next financial crises by an excessively increasing dollar supply. A revival of the debate of how to link SDR’s and development financing surely requires to tackle a great number of additional questions, such as how to allocate trade balance deficits and surpluses and how to ensure the acceptance of this world credit money. All in all, it would be a serious attempt to break the money away from the handing down tradition and to transform it into a rationale by abstract reasons and well-founded instrument for economic development.
ANTIQUITY - ARTWORK DIRECTIONS
Authors: Demchenko Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: August 2018

В рубрике От главного редактора продолжается публикация большой серии художественно-исторических эссе, в которых последовательно рассматриваются крупнейшие эпохи. Эти обзоры призваны наметить панораму эволюции человечества в призме реалий всех видов искусства с выходом на онтологические обобщения. В предыдущем очерке был рассмотрен Древний мир.
PROBLEM OF HUMAN FREEDOM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EXPERIMENT BY B. LIBET
Authors: Serova Natal’ya Stepanovna , Markin Vladimir Vasil’evich , Davlatmurodov Sharaf Sharifkhozhaevich
Published: August 2018

The article analyzes the notion of freedom in European philosophy and science. The authors focus on the features of the definition of freedom in different philosophical traditions. It is pointed out that along with the humanities studies presented mainly in philosophical literature there is also an attempt of the natural-science analysis of the human freedom problem. The paper is an analysis of the theme of human free will through the lenses of modern discoveries in the field of neurophysiology and cognitive science. The authors formulate their own hypothesis about the possibility of the scientific definition of freedom.
PECULIARITIES OF THE LANDSCAPE GENRE IN THE CHINESE INK WASH PAINTING OF THE XX-XXI CENTURIES
Authors: Bogadelina Mariya Evgen'evna
Published: August 2018

The article deals with the peculiarities of the modern Chinese landscape, which is drawn with ink. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the fact that the fundamental changes that have occurred with the painting “guohua” in the XX-XXI centuries remain little studied in the Russian art criticism. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate the development of the genre “shan shui” and to point out the key approaches to its analysis among foreign researchers. It has been ascertained how familiarity with the technique of oil painting affected the works of “guohua”. The main methods of the actualization of traditional artistic and expressive means as well as the innovative techniques of the visual language of the genre “shan shui” have been studied.
PECULIARITIES OF K. A. BREITBURG’S MUSICALS
Authors: Breitburg Valeriya Vyacheslavovna
Published: August 2018

Kim Alexandrovich Breitburg is a Soviet and Russian-Ukrainian music producer, composer and arranger, sound engineer, and vocalist, Honoured Art Worker of the Russian Federation, author of musicals, music for cinema and television, and more than 600 songs. Being a famous hit maker, K. A. Breitburg has managed to create the most integral artistic conception in the direction of the variety musical, supplementing his compositor’s vision of the genre with certain organizational methods and staging theatrical techniques as a producer. Due to the organic, unified approach to all the details of the musical creation and its production process, made with all possible care, it has become possible to achieve the corresponding results: more than 40 productions in Russia and abroad, 2000000 spectators.
INSTRUMENTAL CREATIVE WORK BY IRKUTSK COMPOSER A. TEPLYAKOV: SYNESTHETIC ASPECT OF RESEARCH
Authors: Loseva Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: August 2018

In the article, the practical analysis of the synesthetic perception of the musical text by the example of the instrumental creative work of Irkutsk composer A. Teplyakov is carried out. The biographical data of Anatolii Innokent'evich and the interpretation of his compositions are presented. The main direction of the author’s works is musical antiquity and avant-garde. Synesthetic thinking is represented in seven piano pieces for eight hands, in the piano cycle “Notes from the Net Diary” (25 pieces for children and youth), in the film fantasy “Self-Portrait” (in seven parts for chamber orchestra, percussion and brass). In the synesthetic aspect, “Triptych for Organ”, the film music by A. Teplyakov “The Son of the Leader”, “The Privy Councillor” are of interest.
“THE FAIRY’S KISS” BALLET BY IGOR STRAVINSKY: ARTISTIC APPEARANCE OF THE BRASS GROUP IN THE SCORE
Authors: Romashkova Ol’ga Nikolaevna , Tulupov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: August 2018

The article addresses the problems of the composer I. F. Stravinsky’s orchestral style in the neoclassical period of his work. By the example of the characteristics of the instrumentation of “The Fairy’s Kiss” ballet score the authors show what role copper and wooden wind instruments play. Among the variety of the orchestral techniques that characterize Stravinsky’s style the paper identifies the following: the system of leit-timbres, timbre personification, stage transformations by changing the timbre. The special role of orchestral means development is emphasized.
“KEDROGRAD MOVEMENT”: FIRST ATTEMPTS TO ORGANIZE SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN CEDAR FORESTS OF SIBERIA (THE END OF THE 1950S - THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1960S)
Authors: Katashev Maksim Stepanovich
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the “Kedrograd movement” - public and practical activity to organize the exploitation of cedar forests on the principles of rational integrated use in Gorny Altai during the late 1950s - the first half of the 1960s. On the basis of archival sources the author shows the problems of objective and subjective character, with which the participants of the movement had to face. The achievements of “Kedrograd members” in the popularization of the idea of the integrated and inexhaustible use of cedar taiga resources and in the scientific study of the problems of forest management in cedar forests are noted. The study shows that the results of the movement participants’ activity were implemented in the adopted legislative acts aimed at improving the management of cedar forests in Russia.
TRADE PIDGINS IN SUBURBAN AREAS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: AN ATTEMPT OF COMPARISON IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Authors: Kozhukhar Andrei
Published: August 2018

During the XVIII-XIX centuries, in the suburban regions of the Russian Empire, against the background of the colonization processes of the annexed territories and intense cross-border trade interaction, several pidgin languages arose. In the article, the author analyzes their general and specific features, identifies the regularities of their parallel development in similar historical and cultural circumstances, and considers the integration of these languages into the adaptive practices that existed in the key areas of foreign trade. The conclusion about a possible interpretation of this phenomenon as a characteristic element of imperial evolution is drawn.
TINJAUAN SEMENTARA TENTANG ARCA MENHIR GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Atmosudiro Sumijati
Published: August 2018

Berbieara tentang area menhir tidak dapat dilepaskan dari tradisi megalitik, terutama dengan kons'ep latar belakang kepereayaannya. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh karena didalam tradisi Megalitik dikenal suatu konsep adanya kehidupan kembali sesudah mati. Atas dasar konsep itu maka dalam masyarakat Megalitik muneul kebiasaan melakukan pemujaan nenek moyang. Melalui pemujaan terhadap nenek moyang pendukung tradisi Megalitik berkeyakinan, bahwa hubungan antara yang sudah meninggal dengan yang masih hidup, akan tetap terjalin.
LAPORAN SUKA-DUKA PENEMUAN PRASASTI RAJA JAYAPANGUS DI KROBOKAN DAN BENDA PURBAKALA LAINNYA DI SEPANG (BALI)
Authors: Atmodjo Sukarto K.
Published: August 2018

Setelah kami kembali dari Tugas Belajar Utama di Rijks-Universiteit Leiden (1968-1969), pada suatu hari Dekan Fakultas Sastra UNUD (Universitas Udayana) di Denpasar minta kepada kami agar bersedia menyertai rombongan mahasiswa jurusan Anthropologi UNUD yang akan melakukan penelitian dialek bahasa di Sepang, Perbekelan Sepang, Kecamatan Busungbiyu, Kabupaten Bleleng. Hal ini berdasarkan berita (sinyalemen) bahwa penduduk setempat masih menyimpan beberapa buah benda purbakala. Permintaan itu kami sambut dengan baik, dengan pengharapan mudah-mudahan di daerah sekitar Sepang juga ditemukan sarkofag, mengingat palungan (sarkofag) tersebut pernah ditemukan di Busungbiyu, Pujungan dan di Pohasem.
HIASAN KEMUNCAK BANGUNAN
Authors: Soekiman Djoko
Published: August 2018

Apabila kita berkunjung ke kota-kota di Indonesia pertama-tama yang menarik perhatian kita adalah bentuk-bentuk bangunan rumah penduduk.Berdasarkan macam-macam bentuk atap rumah, masing-masing diberinama menurut gayanya sendiri, di Jawa misalnya ada yang dinamakanatap joglo, atap limasan, tajug, kampung dan sebagainya. Di Minangkabau rumah gadang mempunyai bentuk atap khusus yang berbeda dengan bangunan meunasah dari Aceh. Tegasnya nenek moyang Indonesia telah mewariskan kepada kita beraneka macam bentuk atap rumah, masing-masing dengan ciri khusus, dan kesemuanya memiliki keindahan tersendiri. Bentuk atap bangunan rumah kampung yang di Jawa merupakan bangunan rumah yang paling sederhana misalnya, mempunyai keindahan tersendiri di tengah-tengah alam Indonesia yang indah permai. Cobalah pembaca sekali-sekali mengamati pondok rakyat di kaki Gunung Merapi, Semeru atau Tangkubanperahu di pagi hari, sungguh menakjubkan! Rumah beratap kampung di selasela rindangnya rumpurl bambu atau pepohonan di lereng bukit yang hijau dengan tiang-tiang gantungan sangkar burung membeii kesan kedamaian dan kebahagiaan penghuninya lebih-lebih ditingkah suara, kokok ayam atau kambing yang mengembik, sungguh mempesona!
CATATAN SINGKAT TENTANG ALAT-ALAT TULANG NGANDONG
Authors: Simanjuntak Truman
Published: August 2018

Pengertian alat tulang dalam tulisan ini meliputi alat-alat yang terbuat dari tulang dan tanduk binatang serta alat dari duri ikan. Alat tulang merupakan salah satu jenis basil teknologi manusia purba yang dipergunakan sebagai sarana untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Alat jenis ini sudah dikenal sejak adanya permulaan kegiatan manusia yang pada muianya berlatar belakang pada perburuan binatang sebagai salah satu sumber makanan. Dalam hal ini tulang-tulang binatang basil buruan dipecahkan untuk mendapatkan sumsumnya dan pecahanpecahan yang baik dipilih untuk dijadikan alat atau setidak-tidaknya untuk dijadikan alat secara insidentil.
TEMUAN DUA KAPAK PERUNGGU DARI TUBAN
Authors: Nitihaminoto Goenadi
Published: August 2018

Temuan benda-benda perunggu di Indonesia umumnya terdiri dari kapak, nekara, bejana, beberapa jenis senjata, area berbentuk manusia dan hewan serta perhiasan-perhiasan yang berupa hiasan telinga, gelang, cincin dan sebagaihya. Benda-benda itu ditemukan secara tersebar di beberapa daerah di Indonesia.
Ragam Hias Pada Kompleks Makam Sunan Drajat
Authors: Abbas Novida
Published: August 2018

Proses kedatangan dan penyebaran Islam di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa, telah banyak dibicarakan oleh para ahli. Bukti pertama mengenai eksistensi Islam di Jawa adalah nisan kubur Fatimah binti Maimun bin Hibatullah di Leran (Gresik) yang berangka tahun 475 H atau 1082 M (Uka Tjandrasasmita; 1976: 2). Selanjutnya Islam dikembangkan melalui proses perdagangan dan perkawinan. Lambat laun timbullah kerajaan-kerajaan yang bercorak Islam menggantikan kerajaan-kerajaan Hindu, seperti misalnya Demak, Banten dan Cirebon.
TEKNOLOGI PLESTOSEN SUATU HASIL ADAPTASI BIO-KULTURAL
Authors: Widianto Harry
Published: August 2018

Faktor alam, manusia dan kebudayaan merupakan 3 faktor utama yang saling berinteraksi. Manusia merupakan faktor subyek, menghadapi alam untuk dapat melanjutkan kehidupannya. Suatu kehidupan yang panjang telah dilaluinya, dengan disertai tantangan hebat melalui seleksi alam: mereka yang sanggup mengatasi keganasan alam akan dapat melanjutkan kehidupannya, sedangkan yang tidak sanggup akan kandas. Seleksi alam dianggap sebagai suatu mekanisme pokok yang mengarahkan perubahan, dan adaptasi manusia terhadap lingkungan merupakan faktor penting untuk dapat bertahan.
HARD TO SELECT POINTS IN A PLANE
Authors: Nguyen Thinh D.
Published: August 2018

We show that selecting point in a 2D plane subject to some requirement is a difficult task.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN DOSEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN KONSENTRASI PADA PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Akuntansi Universitas Sulawesi Barat)
Authors: Hadijah Sitti
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi dan dosen terhadap keputusan pemilihan konsentrasi pada Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat untuk mengumpulkan data primer. Populasi sekaligus sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Analisis statistik yang digunakan dalam penelian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS v.20. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel motivasi dan dosen secara simultan (bersama sama) dan secara parsial (sendiri-sendiri) tidak berpengaruh postif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pemilihan konsentrasi pada Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sulawesi Barat. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji T dengan taraf signifikansi diatas 0,05 dan hasil uji F dengan taraf signifikansi diatas 0,05, serta hasil dari uji koefisien determinasi yang menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh motivasi dan dosen terhadap keputusan pemilihan konsentrasi pada Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sulawesi Barat hanya 64% dan selebihnya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain sebesar 46%. Itu artinya bahwa hipotesis dalampenelitian ini ditolak.
Development of Instructional Media For Outside Shooting Basic Technique Practice in Mini Basketball Club
Authors: Putro Baskoro Nugroho
Published: August 2018

Coach and athlete get involved on communication process during training process. Many athlete can not place their hand properly when they want to shoot. The mistake happens because the communication between coach and athlete do not run smoothly. Because of that mistake they need media to reduce the barriers on their communication process. Objective of this research is develop a media which can help mini basketball athlete in order to get easier to learn outside shooting and help coach to send information about outside shooting to their athlete. Outside shooting is an important basic technique because it’s the only way to make score. This research use Borg and Gall’s research and development method. Research subjects are 2 coaches on interview process, 1 coach and 8 athletes on field preliminary field test process, and 2 coaches and 30 athletes on main field test process. Beside the field test process, there is a validation for media design to make media become more interesting, easier and has clear guidance to use. The result show that media can help coach on their process to send their information about outside shooting and make the athlete feel easier to learn outside shooting. Coach and athlete also feel that the media is interesting, easy to use and has clear guidance to use. The conclusion is media can help coach to send outside shooting materi to their athlete and help athlete to understand the materi.
Ekstraksi Event Berbasis Paragraf dari Artikel Berita Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Khodra Masayu Leylia , Wibisono Yudi
Published: August 2018

Dengan banyaknya artikel berita online yang terbit setiap saat, sistem ekstraksi event dapat membantu pembaca berita dengan memberikan informasi terstruktur dari setiap artikel berita. Ekstraksi event dari artikel berita merupakan proses mendapatkan informasi terstruktur 5W1H yaitu siapa (who) melakukan apa (what), kapan (when), dimana (where), mengapa (why), dan bagaimana (how). Ekstraksi 5W1H ini merupakan salah satu jenis ekstraksi informasi. Model ekstraksi 5W1H dibangun dengan pendekatan berbasis sequence labeling berbasis skema BIO (Begin Inside Outside). Karena setiap paragraf berisi satu pokok pikiran, idealnya satu instans frame 5W1H dihasilkan dari satu paragraf, dan satu artikel berita direpresentasikan dengan sejumlah instans frame 5W1H. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini membahas pembangunan model ekstraksi event 5W1H berbasis paragraf. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan korpus 610 teks paragraf yang diambil dari 57 artikel berita yang telah dianotasi secara manual dengan informasi 5W1H. Pemodelan memanfaatkan arsitektur bidirectional LSTMs (long short term memory) dan CRF (conditional random fields). Pada tahap evaluasi, kinerja model yang dicapai adalah F1 0.62
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMASARAN PRODUKSI BUAH PALA DAN HASIL OLAHANNYA PADA HOME INDUSTRY VISTA DI KABUPATEN FAKFAK
Authors: Al Hamid Deisya Maulida
Published: August 2018

Pemasaran merupakan hal yang sangat krusial bagi sebuah usaha. Produk yang berkualitas didukung teknik produksi yang canggih, skill pekerja yang mumpuni, ataupun modal yang mencukupi tidak akan berarti banyak bagi sebuah bidang usaha tanpa didukung kemampuan memasarkan produk yang memadai. Pemasaran yang selama ini dilakukan kelompok Vista masih sangat sederhana dengan metode promosi dari mulut ke mulut sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah metode pemasaran modern yang dapat membantu kelompok tersebut dalam memasarkan hasil produksi buah pala dan hasil olahannya, agar mampu bersaing dengan produk-produk lainnya di pasaran. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengenalkan konsep pemasaran global dengan ruang lingkup yang lebih luas yang dapat diterapkan Home Industry Vista untuk meningkatkan pendapatannya dengan konsep E-Commerce. Serta merancang sebuah website sebagai sistem informasi pemasaran produksi buah Pala dan hasil olahannya pada usaha kecil Vista di kampung Sekban kabupaten Fakfak.Pada akhirnya penelitian ini berhasil mengenalkan konsep pemasaran dengan berbasis aplikasi (e-commerce) kepada home industry Vista dan diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya.Serta berhasil pula membuat dan menampilkan web sistem informasi pemasaran sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Diharapkan implementasi sistem Informasi pemasaran hasil produksi buah pala pada home industri ini mampu memudahkan masyarakat dalam belanja produk-produk yang berkualitas daerah khususnya Kabupaten Fakfak dan wilayah Indonesia pada umumnya serta memudahkan konsumen untuk belanja secara online.
HEXACO personality factors and their associations with Facebook use and Facebook network characteristics
Authors: Brown Riana M. , Roberts Sam G. B. , Pollet Thomas Victor
Published: August 2018

Personality factors affect the properties of ‘offline’ social networks, but how they are associated with the structural properties of online networks is still unclear. We investigated how the six HEXACO personality factors (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience) relate to Facebook use and three objectively measured Facebook network characteristics - network size, density, and number of clusters. Participants (n = 107, mean age = 20.6, 66% female) extracted their Facebook networks using the GetNet app, completed the 60-item HEXACO questionnaire and the Facebook Usage Questionnaire. Users high in Openness to Experience spent less time on Facebook. Extraversion was positively associated with network size (number of Facebook Friends). These findings suggest that personality factors are associated with Facebook use and the size of Facebook networks, and that personality is an important influence on both online and offline sociality.
Toddlers with ASD can use language to update their expectations about the world
Authors: Fitch Allison , Valadez Annalisa , Ganea Patricia A. , Carter Alice , Kaldy Zsuzsa
Published: August 2018

This study examined if two-year-olds with ASD can update mental representations on the basis of verbal input. In an eye-tracking study, toddlers with ASD and typically-developing nonverbal age-matched controls were exposed to visual or verbal information about a change in a recently encoded scene, followed by an outcome that was either congruent or incongruent with that information. Findings revealed that both groups looked longer at incongruent outcomes, regardless of information modality, and despite the fact that toddlers with ASD had significantly lower measured verbal abilities than TD toddlers. This demonstrates that, although there is heterogeneity on the individual level, young toddlers with ASD can succeed in updating their mental representations on the basis of verbal input in a low-demand task.
Network analysis of Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale in 680 university students
Authors: Briganti Giovanni , Fried Eiko I , Linkowski Paul
Published: August 2018

This study investigates the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale (CSWS) in a sample of 680 university students from a network perspective. We estimated regularized partial correlations among seven CSWS domains: family support, competition, appearance, God’s love, academic competence, virtue and other’s approval. Competition - academic competence and competition – appearance represent the strongest connections in the network. Mean node predictability (shared variance with surrounding nodes) is 0.25. Appearance and academic competence were the most central (i.e. interconnected) domains in the network. Future studies should explore the network structure of self-worth in other healthy adult samples, and also in people with psychopathology. We provide the anonymized dataset as well as the full code in the supplementary materials to ensure complete reproducibility of the results.
Automated comparison of children’s and adult songs supports the vocal mistuning theory of scale origins
Authors: Sato Shoichiro , Fujii Shinya , Savage Patrick E.
Published: August 2018

Human music uses diverse scales, but there are some commonalities shared throughout much of the world’s scales. The “vocal mistuning” hypothesis proposes that cross-cultural regularities in musical scales arise from imprecision in vocal tuning. In order to test this hypothesis, we conducted automatic comparative analysis of 70 matched children’s and adult songs from 35 areas around the world. We found that children’s songs tend to have fewer scale degrees than adults and narrower melodic ranges than adult songs, consistent with motor limitations due to their earlier developmental stage. These results suggest that some universal aspects of musical scales may be caused by motor constraints rather than evolutionary adaptations for music perception.
‘This is education as the practice of freedom': Twenty Years of Women’s Studies at the University of Oxford
Authors: Watson Eleri , De Val Charlotte , De Val Charlotte , Watson Eleri Anona
Published: August 2018

On 23 May 2015 students on the Women’s Studies Masters (M.St course) at the University of Oxford organised a conference to commemorate twenty years of Women’s Studies at Oxford, entitled: ‘Teaching to Transgress’: Twenty Years of Women’s Studies at Oxford. The conference consisted of a mixture of papers from leading academics in the field of Women’s Studies, as well as from postgraduate students currently enrolled on the M.St programme at Oxford, with the intention of giving young early career women the opportunity to present their research to a broad interdisciplinary audience.Since its foundation in 1995, the Women’s Studies course has strived to enact what the American feminist and activist bell hooks terms ‘education as the practice of freedom’.[1] Reflecting upon the discussions emerging from the conference, the conference organisers Charlotte De Val and Eleri Anona Watson ask: ‘what are the new and repeated challenges we face in fulfilling this practice of freedom?’ They also consider the changing scope of Women’s Studies as an academic field alongside present debates regarding its future in the UK and further afield. Examining debates of ‘possibility’ and ‘impossibility’ within Women’s Studies—that is to say, materialist versus post-structuralist critiques—in conjunction with questions of accessibility and ‘intellectual gatekeeping’, this article proposes that the future of Women's Studies is not the ‘apocalyptic’ vision that its critics would often have us believe. Indeed, one of the themes emerging from the conference was that as long as the field practices radical self-questioning and self-critique, Women’s Studies will maintain its academically and socially transformative potential.[1] bell hooks’s writings cover gender, race, teaching, education and media, emphasising the connections with systems of oppression. hooks is the author of pioneering works such as Ain’t I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism (1981), Feminist Theory: From Margin to Centre (1984) and Writing Beyond Race: Living Theory and Practice (2013), and remains a leading public intellectual in feminist and educational studies.
The Sensory Experience of Caracalla’s Supplication at the Pergamene Asclepieion
Authors: Van der Ploeg Ghislaine Elisabeth , Van der Ploeg Ghislaine
Published: August 2018

An imperial visit to a city was a grand affair, from the emperor’s adventus, to sacrificing at local shrines, to the commemorative acts which followed. This article aims to examine the multi-sensory impact of an imperial visit to a sanctuary and the lasting effects of these supplications via the case study of Caracalla’s worship of Asclepius in Pergamum in AD 213-14. This visit was commemorated on a series of medallions struck shortly after the event, which depict the acts of the emperor as he moved through the city to the Asclepieion and from secular to sacred space. This article will bring new depth to the study of imperial and divine relations as well as address the issue that often events such as these were not as neat and as clean-cut as is sometimes imagined nowadays. This article will address the following questions: How does our understanding of an imperial visit and supplication change when the sensory nature of such an event is examined? And for what reason are the senses manipulated in these images?
Exploring ‘Flatland’s’ Future during Materials Week at Warwick
Authors: Marsden Alex , Marsden Alexander James
Published: August 2018

Materials have been at the heart of humankind’s development since our beginning. Recently, a new family of materials have emerged that promise to revolutionise our technologies. These are materials that are only one atom thick, truly two-dimensional. From 1 to 5 of February 2016, Warwick hosted Materials Week, which brought together students, researchers, and the public to discuss materials research at Warwick. This critical reflection piece looks at the events in Materials Week that focused on the emerging field of 2D materials: a workshop to discuss 2D materials in composites and electrochemistry; a colloquium by Professor Jonathan Coleman, a leader in the production of 2D materials; and finally a lecture from Professor Sir Konstantin Novoselov, one of the two researchers who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for having started the 2D revolution.
A Conversation with Martin Stannard and Barbara Cooke
Authors: Williams Annabel , Williams Annabel
Published: August 2018

Martin Stannard is Professor of Modern English Literature at the University of Leicester. He read for his first degree in English at Warwick (1967-70), before taking an MA at Sussex University, and a DPhil at Oxford. Professor Stannard’s two-volume literary biography of Evelyn Waugh (1986, 1992), and his biography of Muriel Spark (2009) are essential reading for Waugh and Spark scholars, and are each studies in the value of historical contextualisation for appreciating the literary oeuvre of a writer. Stannard’s 1995 Norton Critical Edition of Ford Madox Ford’s modernist novel, The Good Soldier, similarly brings context to bear through his rigorous textual editing, annotation and critical apparatus. Stannard is currently the Principal Investigator for the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh project, which is supported by a grant of  £822,000 from the AHRC, and which will see Oxford University Press publish 43 scholarly edition volumes of Waugh – the first of which appears next year. This year marks the fiftieth anniversary of Waugh’s death.Dr Barbara Cooke also teaches at the School of English at the University of Leicester. She received a BA and MA from Warwick (dates), and a PhD in Creative and Critical writing from the University of East Anglia for her interdisciplinary thesis Oil Men: the Twinned Lives of Arnold Wilson and Morris Young. Dr. Cooke is Research Associate for the Complete Works of Evelyn Waugh, providing a vital link between the project's 23 editors, of which she is one, editing Waugh’s autobiography A Little Learning (1964).
Destabilising Decapitation in 'King Henry VI'
Authors: Simpson Hannah , Simpson Hannah
Published: August 2018

In early modern England, state beheadings were carefully codified, reserved for the nobility and those convicted of treason. The highest and lowest in society were sentenced to beheading: those who headed the nation and those who threatened the head of the nation. Beheading was both a confirmation and an inscription of power: the publicly-staged state-mandated beheading inscribed the state’s power on the subject’s body, reducing the individual to a legible, mastered sign. The decapitated head was intended to be a stable, monosemantic inscription of state power.Shakespeare, however, often resisted the idea of the decapitated head as a permanent, definitive inscription of state authority. This article will examine decapitations in Shakespeare’s King Henry VI Parts 1, 2 and 3 (1591), exploring how these plays undermine the state’s attempt to inscribe a stable, single meaning on the decapitated head. The plays do this in two ways: firstly, by challenging the state’s monopoly on according hierarchised punishment, by staging illicit beheadings; secondly, by according an agency and an influence to the decapitated head itself on the stage. The recognition of how these staged beheadings undermine the state’s inscription of power might guide us towards seeing the genre’s recurrently subversive response to the state’s claim to authority.