bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield Tradeoffs and Nitrogen between Pennycress, Camelina, and Soybean in Relay‐ and Double‐Crop Systems
Authors: Johnson Gregg A. , Wells M. Scott , Anderson Kevin , Gesch Russ W. , Forcella Frank , Wyse Donald L.
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Winter annual oilseed crops are being used in annual cropping systems to add value.

We explored trade‐offs in oilseed yield and provision of ecosystem services.

Oilseed cover crop yield was greatest when harvested late rather than early.

Pennycress and camelina reduced N in the soil profile compared to soybean alone.

To gain additional value from land during winter fallow periods in corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations, growers in the Upper Midwest are considering winter annual oilseed crops such as field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) and winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz]. The objective of this study was to (i) explore trade‐offs between soybean and winter oilseed crop yield as influenced by timing of winter oilseed crop harvest and of soybean planting, and (ii) evaluate how inorganic soil N was affected by the presence or absence of pennycress or camelina. Field experiments were conducted at three sites in Minnesota to evaluate yield of field pennycress and camelina winter oilseed crops planted in a double‐crop system or planted early or late in a relay‐cropping system. Soybean grain yield was reduced in one of the three sites in 2014 and at all sites in 2015. However, the addition of a winter oilseed crop in a relay‐ or double‐crop system increased the total oilseed production. The optimal cropping strategy for achieving maximum total oilseed crop yield was dependent on environment. Winter oilseed crop yield tended to be greatest when harvested late rather than early in either a relay‐ or double‐crop system. Pennycress and camelina significantly reduced inorganic soil N along the entire soil profile compared to soybean alone, especially in the spring (53–72%) and autumn (18–19%) when the potential for N loss is greatest. Pennycress and camelina, when integrated with soybean in a late‐planted relay‐ or double‐crop system, increased total crop yield while providing critical ecosystem services.
Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Additives for Enhanced Efficiency in Corn on Iowa Soils
Authors: Barker Daniel , Sawyer John
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas

Landscape position was selected and N fertilizer treatments were designed to promote significant denitrification and enhanced potential volatilization.

No agronomic benefit was found using urea with nitrification and urease inhibitors or urea with a polymer coating.

Lack of response to inhibitor products and coated urea were likely due to rainfall timing and amount shortly after application, reduced volatilization due to high soil retention of NH4, and slowed nitrification rates from cool soil temperatures after application.

Recent years of high rainfall and prolonged wet soil conditions in Iowa have renewed interest to protect losses of fertilizer nitrogen (N) in corn (Zea mays L.). This study evaluated effect of N additives and a slow‐release urea product on the soil NO3–N fraction of total inorganic N, mid–vegetative growth N stress, grain yield, and corn nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Field trials were conducted at two Iowa State University Research Farms in 2013 and 2014. Sites were selected for probable response to applied N with different nitrification product treatments and coated urea (fine‐textured soils that were poorly drained with high organic matter) and urease inhibitor products (incorporated vs. unincorporated). Urea and treated urea were applied at 120 lb N/acre and incorporated and left on the surface. Overall, there was no agronomic benefit from using urea with nitrification inhibitors (Instinct and SuperU), urea with urease inhibitors (Agrotain, SuperU, and Factor), or urea with a polymer coating (Environmentally Smart Nitrogen). Lack of response to nitrification and urease products was potentially due to climatic conditions during the study. Significant rainfall shortly after N application moved urea into the soil profile (minimizing NH3 volatilization) and slowed nitrification rates from cool temperatures early in the season.
Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds, Escherichia coli, and Nutrient Concentrations when Kiln‐Dried Pine Chips and Corn Stover Bedding Are Used in Beef Bedded Manure Packs
Authors: Spiehs Mindy J. , Berry Elaine D. , Wells James E. , Parker David B. , Brown‐Brandl Tami M.
Published: July 2017

Pine (Pinus spp.) bedding has been shown to lower the concentration of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pathogenic bacteria compared with corn (Zea mays L.) stover bedding, but availability and cost limit the use of pine bedding in cattle confinement facilities. The objectives of this study were to determine if the addition of pine wood chips to laboratory‐scaled bedded packs containing corn stover (i) reduced odorous VOC emissions; (ii) reduced total E. coli; and (iii) changed the nutrient composition of the resulting manure‐bedded packs. Bedding treatments included 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100% pine chips, with the balance being corn stover. Four bedded packs for each mixture were maintained for 42 d (n = 4 observations per bedding material). The production of total sulfur compounds increased significantly when 100% pine chips were used (44.72 ng L‐1) compared with bedding mixture containing corn stover (18.0–24.56 ng L−1). The carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio exceeded the ideal ratio of 24:1 for the optimum activity of soil microorganisms when ≥60% pine chips (25.3–27.5 ng L−1) were included in the mixture. The use of 100% pine chips as bedding increased sulfide concentration in the facility 1.8 to 2.4 times over the use of corn stover bedding. Escherichia coli was not influenced by the addition of pine chips to the corn stover bedding material but did decrease as the bedded pack aged. Bedding material mixtures containing 30 to 60% pine and 40 to 70% corn stover may be the ideal combination to mitigate odors from livestock facilities using deep bedded systems.

Core Ideas

Mixtures of bedding material containing at least 40% pine chips may reduce odorous BCFAs.

Even 10% pine chips in the bedding mixture will lower concentration of skatole by 64%.

Use of 100% pine chips for bedding increases sulfide 1.8–2.4 times compared with corn stover bedding.

E. coli is not influenced by pine chip addition to the bedding mixture.

Bedding mixtures with 30–60% pine may mitigate odor from livestock facilities.
Heavy Metal Leaching as Affected by Long‐Time Organic Waste Fertilizer Application
Authors: Lekfeldt Jonas Duus Stevens , Holm Peter E. , Kjærgaard Charlotte , Magid Jakob
Published: July 2017

The recycling of urban waste products as fertilizers in agriculture may introduce contaminants such as heavy metals into soil that may leach and contaminate groundwater. In the present study, we investigated the leaching of heavy metals from intact soil cores collected in the long‐term agricultural field trial CRUCIAL. At the time of sampling, the equivalent of >100 yr of urban waste fertilizers following Danish legislation had been applied. The leaching of Cu was significantly increased in the treatments receiving organic waste products compared with the unfertilized control but remained below the permissible level following Danish drinking water guidelines. The leaching of Cu was controlled primarily by the topsoil Cu content and by the leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) but at the same time significantly correlated with leaching of colloids in soils that had not received fertilizer or had received an organic fertilizer with a low concentration of Cu. The leaching of Zn, Cd, and Co was not significantly increased in urban waste‐fertilized treatments. The leaching of Mo was elevated in accelerated waste treatments (both agricultural and urban), and the leaching of Mo was linked to the leaching of DOC. Since leaching of Cr and Pb was strongly linked to the level of colloid leaching, leaching of these metals was reduced in the urban waste treatments. Overall, the results presented should not raise concern regarding the agricultural use of urban waste products in agriculture as long as the relevant guidelines are followed.

Core Ideas

Urban waste fertilizers do not lead to increased leaching of Cd, Co, Cr, and Pb.

Leaching of Cu may be driven by colloids when there is a limited DOC leaching.

Mo leaching may be driven by the leaching of DOC.
The Vulnerability of Plant Genetic Resources Conserved Ex Situ
Authors: Fu Yong‐Bi
Published: July 2017

The realized dangers of genetic erosion in plant genetic resources have prompted political and scientific movements around the world to conserve plant genetic resources over the last 50 yr. More than 7 million plant germplasm accessions are currently conserved in 1750 genebanks worldwide, and about two million accessions are estimated to be unique. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was established to conserve and utilize these plant genetic resources. However, long‐term conservation of such a large volume of diverse germplasm remains a challenging mission. Many critical issues affecting genebank sustainability have emerged. Of note are the vulnerability of genebanks and the risk of within‐genebank genetic erosion through genetic drift and viability selection. Here, we review the overall conservation efforts over the last 50 yr, analyze the critical issues in genebanks, and identify the elements that threaten long‐term germplasm conservation. Measures are explored with the hope to mitigate variable threats for genebank sustainability and to secure a food supply for humanity for generations to come.
Comparação entre a política florestal do Brasil e da Columbia Britânica (Canadá)
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Gonçalves Karina Vieira
Published: July 2017

A legislação florestal brasileira, considerada avançada para muitos autores, é o principal mecanismo de proteção das florestas. Todavia, a efetividade dessa legislação é questionada devido aos níveis alarmantes de desmatamento observados no território nacional. Alguns autores defendem que os instrumentos de comando e controle, principal instrumento de política pública na qual o Código Florestal brasileiro (Lei nº 12.651/2012) está fundamentado propicia a criação de leis sem perspectiva para a sua efetiva aplicação. Por seu turno, o Canadá é identificado como um dos líderes mundiais em gestão sustentável de florestas, porém os instrumentos de política pública aplicados no Canadá são os mesmos observados no Brasil. Este estudo compara a aplicação das legislações florestais entre o Brasil e a Columbia Britânica (Canadá). Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a falta de regularização fundiária no Brasil compromete o controle do estado sob o território e consequentemente a efetividade da aplicação da lei, principalmente em terras privadas. Ao passo que o controle efetivo observado nas províncias canadenses propicia o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas em nível zero de desmatamento e auxilia a implementação efetiva de políticas públicas florestais.
Corantes naturais de aplicação têxtil: avaliação preliminar da toxicidade de urucum Bixa orellana L. (Malvales: Bixaceae) e hibisco Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvales: Malvaceae)
Authors: Balan Doralice de Souza Luro
Published: July 2017

As empresas têxteis tem preocupações de caráter ambiental, especialmente em relação a seus processos industriais de produção, confecção e moda. Há um interesse do setor na investigação dos corantes naturais para uso em escala comercial, porém faltam estudos qualiquantitativos sobre o impacto ambiental destes produtos. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade dos corantes naturais das sementes do urucum Bixa orellana L. (Malvales: Bixaceae) e das flores do hibisco Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvales: Bixaceae). A metodologia utiliza normas de toxicidade em solo com plantas superiores. Para as análises germinativas e de crescimento vegetal são seguidas as normas da ABNT ISO 11269-2:2014. O vegetal selecionado para teste foi o milho Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae). Os resultados apontam positivamente para a utilização destes corantes naturais, sendo que ocorreu 50% de germinação das sementes de milho no 6o. e 7o. dias de testes, respectivamente para o urucum e para o hibisco. Em todos os experimentos (12 dias), a taxa germinativa foi de 100%. O crescimento radicular e aéreo (28 dias), na presença dos corantes, acompanha os valores do controle. Nas condições experimentais empregadas, efeitos agroquímicos tóxicos graves e limitantes não foram observados na presença dos corantes do urucum e do hibisco. Os estudos devem continuar, contemplando as normas ISO e ABNT para testes de toxicidade, podendo conduzir a ações de inovação e sustentabilidade, esperadas pelo empresário e pelo consumidor do século XXI.
Répteis de uma área de Caatinga no Município de Caetés, Agreste Meridional do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Ferreira de , Vieira Leandro da Rocha , Vieira Alexandre Gomes Teixeira
Published: July 2017

Devido à carência em dados sobre os répteis da Caatinga, tem crescido estudos acerca desses animais. Motivado pela ausência e necessidade de complementação de informações sobre a herpetofauna do Bioma Caatinga e do Estado de Pernambuco, esse estudo visa a fazer o inventário das espécies de répteis no Vale do Riacho São José, em Caetés, Agreste Meridional do Estado de Pernambuco. Para execução deste estudo foram realizadas buscas ativas no período de setembro de 2012 a janeiro de 2016, para a visualização e registro fotográfico das espécies de répteis existentes na Bacia Hidrográfica do Riacho São José. Foi observado um total de 55 espécies de répteis, divididas em duas ordens, 18 famílias e 39 gêneros. A Família Dipsadidae foi a mais abundante entre os ofídios (62,9%), entre os lacertílios, a família mais abundante foi Gekkonidae, com 24% do total. Philodrias nattereri Steindachner, 1870, Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) e Kynosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766) figuraram as espécies mais abundantes de Ophidia, Lacertilia e Testudines, respectivamente. Pesquisa e métodos mais criteriosos são necessários para conhecer melhor a fauna de répteis, possibilitando assim a elaboração de planos de manejo e a consequente conservação da biodiversidade local.
The relationship between e-CRM and customer loyalty: a Kenyan Commercial Bank case study
Authors: E. Mang’unyi Eric , T. Khabala Oumar , K. Govender Krishna
Published: July 2017

Since customer loyalty is key, especially in the highly competitive commercial banking environment, this article evaluated the effects of features of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) on customer loyalty. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from a convenience sample of customers of a major international Kenyan bank using self-administered questionnaires. The findings based on correlation and multiple regression analyses, revealed that pre-service, during (the) service and post transactional e-CRM features have a positive and significant relationship with loyalty, and that the pre-service and during service features significantly predict loyalty. Thus, enhancing e-CRM practices could be a strategic competitive tool to impact the banks’ relationship with their customers.
Sanitation value chains in low density settings in Indonesia and Vietnam: impetus for a rethink to achieve pro-poor outcomes
Authors: Willetts Juliet , Gero Anna , Susamto Akhmad Akbar , Sanjaya Ryan , Trieu Thanh Doan , Murta Janina , Carrard Naomi
Published: July 2017

This study examined the sanitation hardware supply chain in rural, low density settings in Indonesia and Vietnam. Actual costs along the chains were investigated to understand the challenges and opportunities to support affordable sanitation in remote, rural locations. Data were collected from four remote districts in Indonesia and Vietnam through a systematic value-chain analysis comprising 378 interviews across households and supply chain actors and both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Three main findings are presented. Firstly, poor households, often located in remote areas and with lower sanitation access, often experienced higher costs to build durable latrines than households in accessible areas or district capitals. Second, locally sourced materials (sand, bricks or gravel) had a greater influence on price than externally sourced materials (cement, steel and toilet pans), even accounting for cost increases of these materials along the supply chain. Thirdly, transport and labour costs represented considerable proportions of the overall cost to build a toilet. These findings highlighted logistical and financial barriers to poor, remote households in accessing sanitation. Findings can inform strategies to improve the availability and affordability of sanitation products and services, in particular key issues that need to be addressed through government and non-government pro-poor market-based interventions.
Targeting Kinase-activating Genetic Lesions to Improve Therapy of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Franca Raffaella , Kuzelicki Natasa K. , Sorio Claudio , Toffoletti Eleonora , Montecchini Oksana , Poropat Alice , Rabusin Marco , Curci Debora , Paladin Dino , Stocco Gabriele , Decorti Giuliana
Published: July 2017

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy
in children, characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature lymphoid cells.
Thanks to risk-adapted combination chemotherapy treatments currently used, survival at 5
years has reached 90%. ALL is a heterogeneous disease from a genetic point of view: patients’
lymphoblasts may harbor in fact several chromosomal alterations, some of which have
prognostic and therapeutic value. Of particular importance is the translocation
t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) that leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, encoding a constitutively
active chimeric tyrosine kinase (TK): BCR-ABL1 that is present in ~3% of pediatric
ALL patients with B-immunophenotype and is associated with a poor outcome. This type
of ALL is potentially treatable with specific TK inhibitors, such as imatinib. Recent studies
have demonstrated the existence of a subset of BCR-ABL1 like leukemias (~10-15% of Bimmunophenotype
ALL), whose blast cells have a gene expression profile similar to that of
BCR-ABL1 despite the absence of t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). The precise pathogenesis of BCR-ABL1
like ALL is still to be defined, but they are mainly characterized by the activation of constitutive
signal transduction pathways due to chimeric TKs different from BCR-ABL1. BCR-ABL1
like ALL patients represent a group with unfavorable outcome and are not identified by current
risk criteria. In this review, we will discuss the design of targeted therapy for patients
with BCR-ABL1 like ALL, which could consider TK inhibitors, and discuss innovative approaches
suitable to identify the presence of patient’s specific chimeric TK fusion genes, such
as targeted locus amplification or proteomic biosensors.
Potential Triazole-based Molecules for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases
Authors: Mantoani Susimaire Pedersoli , de Andrade Peterson , Chierrito Talita Perez Cantuaria , Figueredo Andreza Silva , Carvalho Ivone
Published: July 2017

Neglected Diseases (NDs) affect million of people, especially the poorest population around the world. Several efforts to an effective treatment have proved insufficient at the moment. In this context, triazole derivatives have shown great relevance in medicinal chemistry due to a wide range of biological activities. This review aims to describe some of the most relevant and recent research focused on 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolebased molecules targeting four expressive NDs: Chagas disease, Malaria, Tuberculosis and Leishmaniasis.
Electrochemical Immunosensors for Disease Detection and Diagnosis
Authors: Hosu Oana , Selvolini Giulia , Cristea Cecilia , Marrazza Giovanna
Published: July 2017

Background:

The detection of biological molecules referred as biomarkers in biological fluids
is fundamental in clinical analysis because it permits to discriminate between healthy and ill individuals
and to evaluate the progress of a disease. The development of immunosensors for the detection and monitoring
of biomarkers is currently a major area of research and, as more markers are discovered and their
role in disease becomes better understood, this will continue to grow.

Methods:

We report the research progresses of electrochemical immunosensor applied in clinical analysis
that have been published in the last three years.

Results:

The emphasis of this review is on the advances of the electrochemical immunosensors for detection
and monitoring of cancerous, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. An immunosensor overview
was presented as well as the biomarkers and biosensing systems currently used to detect the onset and
monitor the progression of the mentioned diseases.

Conclusions:

Electrochemical biosensors focusing on a vast repertoire of analytes are now becoming one
of the most widely explored scientific fields. This is due to their enormous potential in clinical diagnosis
and biological process monitoring.

In the near future, with the development of transducer technology, nano-sized material technology, and
biomolecules engineering technology, biosensors should be powerful tools in several analytical areas.
Biomarkers in Aortic Valve Stenosis and their Clinical Significance in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Toutouzas Konstantinos , Stathogiannis Konstantinos , Latsios George , Synetos Andreas , Drakopoulou Maria , Penesopoulou Vicky , Michelongona Archontoula , Tsiamis Eleftherios , Tousoulis Dimitris
Published: July 2017

Aortic valve stenosis is one of the most common valvular heart disorders and the
prevalence will rise as the population ages. Once symptomatic patients with aortic valve
stenosis tend to fare worse with high mortality rates. Aortic valve replacement is indicated in
these patients and besides the standard surgical replacement, a less invasive approach, transcatheter
aortic valve implantation, has gained momentum and has showed promising and
solid results in patients with high surgical risk. An important aspect of evaluating patients
with aortic valve stenosis is the ability to choose the best possible candidate for the procedure.
In addition, predicting the short and long-term clinical outcomes after the valve replacement
could offer the treating physicians a better insight and provide information for optimal therapy.
Biomarkers are biological parameters that can be objectively measured and evaluated as
indicators of normal biological processes and are easily monitored. The aim of this review is
to critically assess some of the most widely used biomarkers at present (natriuretic peptides,
troponins, C-reactive protein) and provide an insight in novel biomarkers that are currently
being investigated (galectin-3, growth differentiation factor-15, microRNAs) for possible diagnostic
and prognostic use in aortic valve stenosis and transcatheter aortic valve implantation
respectively.
Em defesa do Direito Probatório fundado em regras- e da Epistemologia também
Authors: Schauer Frederick
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

Desde que Jeremy Bentham escreveu a sua severa crítca ao Direito Probatório, filósofos e juristas têm critcado as regras probatórias excludentes argumentando que as regras formais que excluem classes inteiras de provas em razão da sua alegada infabilidade violam máximas epistemológicas fundamentais que exigem que toda prova pertinente seja levada em consideração. Embora algumas partes da prova possam ser excluídas por falta de fabilidade – argumentam eles – seria um erro fazer tais juízos em relação a categorias inteiras, em oposição a fazê-los somente em relação à provas específcas apresentadas para propósitos específicos. Este artgo põe em causa essas alegações, argumentando que exclusões fundadas em regras servem a propósitos similares àqueles desempenhados pelas regras nas teorias morais consequencialistas de regras, e que, de maneira ainda mais importante, elas são totalmente consistentes com a natureza excludente das regras jurídicas em geral. Na verdade, uma vez visto o papel que as regras excludentes podem desempenhar na Epistemologia Jurídica, se torna possível ver que elas poderiam ter um papel a desempenhar na avaliação epistêmica em geral.

ABSTRACT: 

Ever since Jeremy Bentham wrote his scathing critque of the law of evidence, both philosophers and legal scholars have criticized the exclusionary rules of evidence, arguing that formal rules excluding entre classes of evidence for alleged unreliability violate basic epistemological maxims mandating that all relevant evidence be considered. Although particular pieces of evidence might be excluded as unreliable, they argue, it is a mistake to make such judgments for entire categories, as opposed to making only in the context of partcular pieces of evidence ofered for specifc purposes. This paper challenges these claims, arguing that rule-based exclusions serve similar purposes to those served by rules in rule-consequentalist moral theories, and that, even more importantly, they are entrely consistent with the exclusionary nature of legal rules in general. Indeed, once we see the role that exclusionary rules might serve in legal epistemology, we can see that they might have a role to play in epistemic appraisal more generally.
Precedentes vinculantes e as cortes supremas: uma análise crítica
Authors: Viana Antonio Aurelio de Souza
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

O novo Código de Processo Civil procura instituir um sistema de precedentes judiciais obrigatórios. Alguns autores da processualística defendem que Superior Tribunal de Justiça e Supremo Tribunal Federal devem atuar como Cortes Supremas. Para tanto, seria fundamental a definição da ratio decidendi por ocasião do julgamento, declarando-se, portanto, qual é o precedente judicial, que passaria a vincular todos os demais órgãos do judiciário. Entretanto, mesmo na hipótese de a ratio decidendi ser definida pelo Tribunal Superior, é possível e inevitável a sua interpretação pelas instâncias inferiores, o que constitui um paradoxo, pois o precedente não pode vincular de modo absoluto.

 ABSTRACT:

The new Code of Civil Procedure seeks to establish a system of mandatory judicial precedents. Some writers claim that the Superior Court of Justce and the Supreme Federal Court must act as supreme courts. For such, it would be fundamental to define the ratio decidendi on the occasion of the judgment, thus declaring the judicial precedent that would bind all other organs of the judiciary. However, even if the ratio decidendi is defined by the supreme courts, its interpretation by the lower courts is possible and inevitable, which is a paradox, since the precedent cannot bind absolutely.
Uma introdução à doutrina dos precedentes vinculantes e obrigatórios
Authors: Barboza Estefânia Maria De Queiroz
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:

O presente artigo busca apresentar a doutrina dos precedentes vinculantes e obrigatórios como novo paradigma a ser pensado nos Estados Constitucionais democráticos que têm em seu Poder Judiciário novo locus de criação e ressignificação dos direitos humanos e fundamentais quando do julgamento dos casos constitucionais difíceis. Apresenta a doutrina dos precedentes vinculantes, presente nos países do common law, que nunca tiveram a ilusão de que os limites do intérprete estariam contidos no próprio texto normativo, mas para verificar de que modo a mesma foi pensada a dar coerência e segurança jurídica ao sistema. Pretendeu-se, sob o método de pesquisa bibliográfica comparada enfrentar temas relativos à força vinculante dos precedentes, quer seja do ponto de vista horizontal ou vertical, a distinção entre precedentes persuasivos e vinculantes, bem como a possibilidade de erro no julgamento a justificar sua superação ou manutenção. Por outro lado, também apresentou a distinção entre seguir um precedente pelo fato dele ser um precedente ou pela experiência conhecida a partir do mesmo, bem como expôs as possíveis justificativas para o uso dos precedentes, como coerência, uniformidade do direito, segurança jurídica, eficiência e celeridade do Poder Judiciário.

 ABSTRACT:

This article aims to analyze the doctrine of binding precedent as a new paradigm to be thought in the constitutional and democratic States, that have their judicial branch a new locus of creation and reinterpretation of human and fundamental rights when judging the difficult constitutional cases. The article also presents the doctrine of binding precedent, as in common law countries, who have never had the illusion that the interpretation of Law has limits in the normative text itself, but to know how the system was thought to provide consistency and legal certainty. This article uses comparative constitutional literature to tackle issues relating to the binding force of precedents, either horizontal or vertical, the distinction between persuasive and binding precedents, and the possibility of error in judgment to justify its overruling or maintenance. On the other hand, it examines the distinction between following a precedent because it is a precedent or because of a known experience and exposed the justifications for the use of the binding precedents, such as consistency, uniformity of law, legal certainty and efficiency.

 
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Identification of Yellow Pigmented Marine Sponge-Associated Fungi from Teluk Awur, Jepara, Central Java
Authors: Sibero Mada Triandala , Triningsih Desy Wulan , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Sabdono Agus , Trianto Agus
Published: July 2017

Marine sponge associated fungi are known as potential source of metabolites with various biological activities. Natural pigment is one of metabolite which produced by microorgisms. Several researches reported the antimicrobial activity from natural pigment. Unfortunatelly there are lack of information about marine fungi natural pigment and its producer. The aims of this research were to identify yellow pigmented Indonesian marine sponge-associated fungi, to extract the pigment, and to study the antimicrobial activity of the pigment against clinical MDR bacteria and clinical pathogenic fungi. Sponge associated-fungus isolate MT23 was successfully identified as Trichoderma parareesei. The fungal pigment could be extracted only in methanol with yield 6,22±0,29%. The pigment could inhibitted S. typhi and E. coli MDR strains. The biggest antibacterial activity was shown by concentration 1000µg/mL against S. typhi with inhibition zone was 4.03±0.06 mm.
Una lectura del concepto de dignidad en gaudium et spes desde el imperativo categórico.
Authors: Díaz Claudio
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to make a reading of the practical use in today’s world through the categorical imperative of the book The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant and the concept of dignity present in the pastoral constitution of Vatican Council II Gaudium et Spes. To do this, first the role of the Church in the modern World will be analyzed; then, the ontological foundations of man’s possession of dignity because of being children of God will be established; later, an explanation and application of the categorical imperative taken from the work of the Königsberg philosopher will be given and; finally, reflections on the importance of human action responsibility to others to build God’s Kingdom based on dignity and justice will be made.
Evaluation of hospital outdoor spaces through users’ participation analysis
Authors: Djukanovic Zoran , Maric Jelena , Giofrè Francesca
Published: July 2017

Hospital outdoor spaces (HOS) play an important part of the Healthcare
facilities, with a particular impact on the healing process, which is
possible to evaluate by their cultural, social, ecological and economic
characteristics and values (Ulrich 1984, 2001, Burnett, 1997; Marcus and
Barnes, 1999). However, this paper argues that research studies refer to HOS
only as residual spaces to support medical activities. Urban theory, policy
and scientific research is focusing on the issue of the hospital evaluation,
but mainly on interior and spatial characteristics, rather than a hospital
outdoor environment. No more than 1000 papers have been published on this
topic. This paper discusses quality and significance of HOS in Belgrade,
while identifying the problems and potentials of HOS, from the user
perspective. The presented paper is established as the part of the larger
research done in collaboration of the Faculty of Architecture in Belgrade and
Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Architecture, which will be presented
in a series of four books. The first book (Health Spaces: Hospital outdoor
environment) is already published and it offers a general ?top-down?
interdisciplinary overview of the topic of HOS, given by experts -
architects, urban planners and designers. Particularly, this paper is
prepared as a foundation for the second book, with the aim to offer a
?bottom-up? overview on the topic of HOS given by hospital ?community?
(doctors, patients, staff, visitors, etc.). Furthermore, this research was
also conducted as a part of an academic course: ?Participative Urban Design?,
with the students at the master level of studies. The methodological
framework used in this paper consists of extensive and fundamental literature
review. In the frame of participative and collaborative approach, all
analyses were conducted in the form of quality assessment, from the
perspective of stakeholders, aforementioned as a hospital community. The
survey was conducted using specific two-part questionnaire, carefully
established within the academic course, as a main tool for reaching the
database. Focusing on the case of Belgrade, four major hospitals were chosen
as case studies: Clinical center of Serbia, Military Medical Academy, and
both Clinical Hospital Centers: ?Bezanijska kosa? and ?Zvezdara?. The group
of 12 students conducted the survey over a period of four weeks, with more
than 120 participants from each hospital, gathering both specific and general
results. Overall, this paper presents the first assessment of HOS of this
kind ever done in Serbia. The results of the research will contribute to
improving hospital environment and could present the first step on the path
to integrate outdoor spaces into hospital life.
The routes of digitalization: A runaway city?
Authors: Ralevic Miodrag , Mrdjenovic Tatjana , Bozovic Ruzica , Muminovic Esad
Published: July 2017

We live in informatics society in which we are slowly, but certainly,
reaching new limits of digitalization mainly using communication between
people through different ICT networks: mobile phones, Facebook, social
networks, etc. Today, entire Earth, regions, cities, settlements, etc. can be
observed through Google. Data bases of every living person is being formed
using possibilities to ?track? every individual in space and time. Flows of
financial capital are also being digitalized: individuals by using credit
cards, on/line transactions, etc. and in banking systems global on-line
transactions. Everyday goods such as food, clothing, etc. can be ordered
through portals on the internet. Even various study courses and schools are
being organized via internet. The real world (space, people, money,
knowledge) are digitally being moved into virtual space. Here arises the
question: To which space dimension is this process of digitalization taking
us? This main research question will lead the paper discussion opening basic
dilemmas: (1) Will real life slowly move to virtual world? (2) Is the
dematerialization of spatial and urban systems reaching its limits? (3) Shall
and what kind of usage we will have for virtual world? Especially in relation
to city development, including the possibilities of estimating developmental
options as well as in perceiving the effects of certain decisions in real
life. The main goal of the paper is to give answers to above disposed
questions as well as to prove the thesis that we have a great range of
influence and possibilities on the new meaning of urban development that is
transforming into digital sphere, claiming that we will not have a runaway
digital city, but the opposite: the city which digitalization will give a new
meaning and possibilities for its re/creation.
Consideration of conduction mechanisms in high-k dielectric stacks as a tool to study electrically active defects
Authors: Paskaleva Albena , Spassov Dencho , Dankovic Danijel
Published: July 2017

In this paper conduction mechanisms which could govern the electron transport
through high-k dielectrics are summarized. The influence of various factors -
the type of high-k dielectric and its thickness; the doping with a certain
element; the type of metal electrode as well as the measurement conditions
(bias, polarity and temperature), on the leakage currents and dominant
conduction mechanisms have been considered. Practical hints how to consider
different conduction mechanisms and to differentiate between them are given.
The paper presents an approach to assess important trap parameters from
investigation of dominant conduction mechanisms.
High-bandwidth buffer amplifier for liquid crystal display applications
Authors: Sadoni Saeed , Rezai Abdalhossein
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a novel high-bandwidth and low-power buffer amplifier is
presented for the liquid crystal display applications. This buffer amplifier
consists of a folded cascade differential amplifier in the input and a
class-amplifier in the output, which are designed carefully. The proposed
buffer amplifier utilizes a high-performance feedback circuit to increase the
bandwidth. It also utilizes a comparator circuit to avoid wasting power. The
designed circuit has been simulated in 180nm technology using HSPICE 2008.3.
The simulation results show that the bandwidth, power consumption and power
supply of the designed circuit are 1.14MHz, 1.64mW and 1.8V, respectively.
O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO EM UM CURSO DE INGLÊS PARA FINS ESPECÍFICOS NA ÁREA JURÍDICA
Authors: ROSSINI Adriana M. Z. P.
Published: July 2017

Apoiada na Abordagem Línguas para Fins Específicos, a discussão apresentada neste artigo, recortada de pesquisa de doutorado, destaca atividades que usam recursos digitais, elaboradas para o curso de inglês para profissionais da área jurídica, Inglês Instrumental: leitura de textos jurídicos, desenvolvido pelo Grupo Abordagem Instrumental e Ensino-Aprendizagem de Línguas em Contextos Diversos – GEALIN. Esse curso vem sendo ministrado na Coordenadoria Geral de Especialização, Aperfeiçoamento e Extensão – COGEAE / PUCSP desde 2006, tendo sido redesenhado para inclusão de atividades que recorrem a recursos tecnológicos, como dicionários online. Dados da pesquisa foram obtidos por meio de questionários e entrevistas visando identificar a percepção dos alunos quanto ao seu desempenho nas atividades de caráter digital e ao seu progresso no desenvolvimento da leitura e na aquisição de vocabulário. Resultados revelam leitura mais dinâmica a partir do uso do dicionário online, ferramenta considerada pelos alunos de grande importância na expansão de vocabulário técnico-jurídico.
Distributed Generation of Energy Using Micro Gas Turbines. Polygeneration Systems and Fuel Flexibility.
Authors: J.C. Bruno  , A. Coronas
Published: July 2017

The use of micro gas turbines (MGT) for on-sitesmall-scale energy production offers a great opportunity forprimary energy saving and reduction of pollutant andgreenhouse gas emissions. These benefits mainly come from thepossibility to locally recover waste heat from exhaust gasespecially for air conditioning thermally activated technologlesand also for their capability to use low heating value gases suchdigester gas.
This paper summarises the potential of' micro gas turbines indistributed generation systems to simultaneously producepower, heat and chilled water for air conditioning. Differentconfigurations for coupling micro gas turbines and sorptionsystems will be presented from the conventional hot waterdriven to the directly exhaust gas driven configurations. Themain advantage of these systems is the consumption of wasteheat for refrigeration and air conditioning instead of high costelectricity.
On the other hand the use of digester and landfill gas in microgas turbines is very attractive from many points of' view:reduced electrical bill, higher energy efficiency due to on-siteheat recovery, reduction of odours and lower greenhouseemissions. The processing of pig manure to produce biogas isof high interest in geographic areas with a surplus of manurethat can not be naturally absorbed and limits the growth of farmsites. In this paper it is presented a summary of' the state of' theart for the use of biogas in microturbine based cogenerationsystems along with a brief description of the different types offuels that can also be used in microturbines.
Measurement of Energy and Power Quality in the Spanish Des-regulated Market
Authors: Felipe de Montagut Borrás
Published: July 2017

The spanish electrical sector is, since 1997, becoming opened to a free deregulated market, in a progressive way, step by step, finishing the process the next 2007. One of the keys of this deregulation has been the reform of the Spanish regulation for the electrical metering points, necessary for adapt the energy meter fleet to the new needs of the market. This changes in the regulation have arrived later than the transition date for the different steps. Despite this, the different steps have been accelerated, and, since 1st of January of 2003, any electrical consumer can compete for being in the deregulated market.
In this article it is tried to give a practical point of view and summarize, the different types of energy meters, depending of the level of consumer.
Current Sensor Based on Rogowski Coil.
Authors: F. J. Arcega  , J. A. Artero
Published: July 2017

We have built several Rogowski coil current sensors for measuring currents in non sinusoidal systems. In this paper we present the sensor and his behavior. We have built a generator of pulses in order to test it and we compare the results between two types of coils (flexible and Printed Circuit board PCB designed) and the linearity for measuring currents.
Optimization of the Operation Reliability Level of the Protection System.
Authors: Marian CIONTU  , Maria BROJBOIU
Published: July 2017

Ensuring the proper reliability level for the protection system is achieved by reserving the protection function. An excessive enhance of the reservation level leads to decreasing of the system reliability, due to the more situations in which protection tempestuously operates. The paper presents some considerations referring to definition of some indices regarding the protection system security. There is approached the problem of determination of the multiplicity level for each of the component protections, so that the optimization of the ensemble security level to be ensured. A more accurate analysis could be achieved by considering the corresponding phenomena as Markov processes.
Damping Subsynchronous Resonance Oscillations Using A Dynamic Switched Filter-Compensator Scheme
Authors: A.M. Sharaf  , Bo Yin
Published: July 2017

The paper presents a new effective method to damp subsynchronous resonance (SSR) – shaft torsional oscillations for large synchronous generators. This is achieved by using a dynamic power filter and static compensator (DFC) scheme. The proposed scheme with a switched series capacitor compensation and a modulated Tuned-Arm-Filter can be used to damp SSR oscillation modes using a novel Tri-loop Error-driven dynamic controller.
The Future of the Alternatives Energies: A Forecast Based on Technological Forecasting Techniques.
Authors: João Carlos de Oliveira Matias  , Tessaleno Campos Devezas
Published: July 2017

Bearing in mind the dynamics associated with long structural waves, and making use of technological forecasting tools, a logistic substitution and a Delphi technique, three scenarios are built and analysed: an exploratory one (logistic substitution), a Delphi-based one, and another one resulting from the combination of the two previous ones. In general terms, the indications of the Delphi survey confirm the dynamics of the logistic substitution, even if considering different time spans. Thus, it can be concluded that a substitution of the “non-solid hydrocarbons” for the alternative energies sources will happen in the future. Our study points out to the leadership of the alternative energies as the main primary energy by 2050-2070. In other words we can say that a new techno-economic paradigm, based on a more sustainable energy regime, will still burgeon in the present century. In this new energy regime the renewable energies will play an essential role, being able to assume the leadership as the main primary energy source. However, in the path toward this future, the role of the State will remain fundamental, but in present and near future it will be mainly related to the question of defence in the struggle against energy dependence.
Inefficiencies in Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Systems. Relationship Between System Asymmetry and Instantaneous Power Waves.
Authors: R. Sabater  , V. Donderis
Published: July 2017

This work analyzes the energy phenomena occurring in linear power systems characterized by the presence of load unbalances, using the principles of the Unifying General Theory of Electric Power.
The energy fluxes characterize each phenomenon in the power system, especially the energy associated with the asymmetry phenomenon; thus it is possible to quantify the asymmetry phenomenon from the instantaneous power shapes, manifested by three unbalanced sinusoidal fluxes, whose resultant is a sinusoidal wave.
In addition, this work presents the relationship between the quantification of the phenomenon and the amplitudes of the power fluxes.
Generic Aggregated Wind Farm Model for Power System Simulations-Impact of Grid Connection Requirements.
Authors: J. Soens  , J. Driesen  , D. Van Hertem  , R. Belmans
Published: July 2017

A generic dynamic model of a large wind farm is used to simulate the grid impact of an offshore wind farm in Belgium. The voltage fluctuations during wind speed changes and grid disturbances are simulated. The outcome depends on the performance of the dynamic voltage support that the wind farm can deliver.
Simulation of a Solar Domestic Water Heating System with Different Collector Efficiences and Different Volumen Storage Tanks.
Authors: Delfín Silió Salcines  , Carlos Renedo Estébanez  , Valentín Castañera Herrero
Published: July 2017

This paper shows the modeling and dynamic simulation, of a domestic solar water heating installation.
The results of simulations performed on an annual basis for a solar system, operated in Santander (Spain), which provides hot water for a family (four persons) are presented. The installation consists in a solar flat collector, a water storage tank, a source of auxiliary energy, and a device for blending water.
The mathematical model is used to evaluate the annual variation of the solar fraction respect to the volume of the storage tank, demand hot water temperature required, difference of this temperature and preset storage tank water temperature, and consumption profile of the domestic hot water demand.
The results for a number of designs with different storage tank volumes, show that the systems with greater volume yield higher solar fraction values. However, when a larger storage tank volume is used, the solar fraction is less sensitive to a variation of these operation parameters. The results of this simulation may be used to design a solar collector system.