bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinal vascular occlusions in ocular Behçet disease – a comparative analysis
Authors: Ostrovsky Michael , Ramon Dan , Iriqat Salam , Shteiwi Abdallah , Sharon Yael , Kramer Michal , Vishnevskia‐Dai Vicktoria , Sar Shaul , Boulos Yosif , Tomkins‐Netzer Oren , Lavee Natalie , Ben‐Arie‐Weintrob Yael , Pizem Hadas , Hareuveni‐Blum Tamar , Schneck Marina , Gepstein Raz , Masarwa Dua , Nakhoul Nakhoul , Bakshi Erez , Shulman Shiri , Goldstein Michaella , Anouk Marina , Rosenblatt Amir , Habot‐Wilner Zohar
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The literature on retinal vascular occlusions in Behçet disease (BD) patients is limited. The aim of this study is to thoroughly investigate retinal vascular occlusions among ocular BD patients.

Methods

Retrospective, multicentre case–control study. Three‐hundred and three eyes of 175 patients with ocular BD, from 13 hospitals in Israel and Palestine, were included. Patients were assigned into two groups according to the presence of retinal vascular occlusion. Epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, treatments and outcomes were compared between the groups and risk factors for retinal vascular occlusions were identified.

Results

One hundred twenty‐five patients (71.4%) were male. The mean age at presentation was 28.2 ± 0.86 years. Retinal vascular occlusions were found in 80 eyes of 54 (30.9%) patients, including branch retinal vein occlusion (51.3%), peripheral vessels occlusions (32.5%), central retinal vein occlusion (13.8%) and arterial occlusions (7.5%). Systemic manifestations were similar among both groups. Anterior uveitis was more common in non‐occlusive eyes (p < 0.01). Non‐occlusive retinal vasculitis (p = 0.03) and ocular complications were more common in occlusive eyes (p < 0.01). Treatments including mycophenolate mofetil, Infliximab or a combination therapy of anti‐metabolite and calcineurin inhibitor were more commonly used by occlusive patients (p < 0.05). Occlusive patients underwent more cataract surgeries (p = 0.03). The occlusive group had worse mean best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) throughout follow‐up (p < 0.01). Risk factors for retinal vascular occlusions included male sex and Jewish ethnicity (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Retinal vascular occlusions were found in a third of ocular BD patients. Occlusive eyes had a worse prognosis. Risk factors for vascular occlusions were identified.
An integrated approach to reconstruct the role of the heat treatment within the reduction sequence of chert artefacts: The case of the early Neolithic site of Lugo di Grezzana (north‐eastern Italy)
Authors: Santaniello Fabio , Berloffa Angela , Grimaldi Stefano , Pedrotti Annaluisa , Gialanella Stefano
Published: February 2023

The lithic assemblage from the well‐known site of Lugo di Grezzana (Italy) attributable to the Fiorano group (5,300–4,900 BC cal) is analysed to shed new insights on the early Neolithic lithic technology in North‐Eastern Italy. Techno‐typological data are discussed allowing detailed reconstruction of the reduction sequence, thanks also to several refittings. A complex laminar production with several technical objectives has been identified. Whereas clues for the heat treatment of lithic materials have been identified, we verified it by a combined experimental approach. In the first place, we used density measurements, which already proved to be useful for prescreening analysis, to detect potentially heated artefacts. Afterward, we performed Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy tests to assess the actual (de)hydration condition of the siliceous materials. Reflectance spectra have been acquired, analysing any item and avoiding any constraint related to both morphology and thickness of the sample. The archaeometric results, combined with the reduction sequence reconstruction, provide new indications on the technical capabilities and knowledge of the human groups that inhabited the region during the early Neolithic.
A journey in UPR modelling
Authors: Pontisso Ilaria , Ornelas‐Guevara Roberto , Combettes Laurent , Dupont Geneviève
Published: February 2023

Protein folding and protein maturation largely occur in the controlled environment of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Perturbation to the correct functioning of this organelle leads to altered proteostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. This condition is commonly known as ER stress and is appearing as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Monitoring of the quality control processes is mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). This response consists in a complex network of signalling pathways that aim to restore protein folding and ER homeostasis. Conditions in which UPR is not able to overcome ER stress lead to a switch of the UPR signalling program from an adaptive to a pro‐apoptotic one, revealing a key role of UPR in modulating cell fate decisions. Because of its high complexity and its involvement in the regulation of different cellular outcomes, UPR has been the centre of the development of computational models, which tried to better dissect the role of UPR or of its specific components in several contexts. In this review, we go through the existing mathematical models of UPR. We emphasize how their study contributed to an improved characterization of the role of this intricate response in the modulation of cellular functions.
30 years brings changes to the arthropod community of Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Opito Emmanuel A. , Alanko Timo , Kalbitzer Urs , Nummelin Matti , Omeja Patrick , Valtonen Anu , Chapman Colin A.
Published: February 2023

World‐wide declines in arthropod abundance and diversity are a major concern, particularly given their importance in ecosystem functioning. Yet, data documenting long‐term trends are rare from the tropics, particularly the Afrotropics. Here we evaluate changes in the arthropod communities in Kibale National Park, Uganda across almost four decades. Systematic sweep‐net sampling was conducted in two forested sections of the park that had been logged and in one old‐growth forest area over 12 consecutive months in 1983/1984 and 2020/2021. This data was augmented with intermittent samples taken in 1986 and 1995. Arthropod abundance declined in all areas, but only significantly so in the moderately logged forestry compartment (41%). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that community compositions of arthropods differed between the censuses. Understanding the drivers of changes in the arthropod communities is difficult as the system is complex and dynamic. We document an increase in temperature, but no change in rainfall, increases in 11 mammal species, including a marked increase in elephant numbers, and changes in forest structure. We also report on changes in the landscape outside of the park, which includes the human population increasing by a factor of four and agricultural intensification that now includes the use of pesticides. We document that many components of the ecosystem we studied changed simultaneously, which signals that for effective conservation planning, more long‐term multi‐disciplinary efforts are needed.
Real‐world study of next‐generation sequencing diagnostic biomarker testing for patients with lung cancer in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Nishio Makoto , Nishino Kazumi , Yoshiki Yasumasa , Shiraiwa Naoko , Emir Birol , Iadeluca Laura , Yatabe Yasushi , Nishio Kazuto
Published: February 2023

Our previous real‐world studies raised concerns that sequential biomarker testing may lead to increased time to treatment when compared with simultaneous single biomarker testing. The Oncomine Dx target test (ODxTT), a next‐generation sequencing–based multiplex biomarker panel test approved in Japan in 2019, is expected to improve time to treatment due to changes in testing methods. This retrospective observational study examined data claims for reimbursement submitted for patients with lung cancer in Japan between June 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. To evaluate the change in testing prevalence over time and associated improvements in time to treatment, descriptive statistics were used to characterize biomarker testing patterns and rates and evaluate the time to treatment in the time following the approval of ODxTT considering transitions over time during the evaluation period.EGFRand programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) were the most tested biomarkers in overall single and simultaneous single testing in the 6177 patients in this study. Individual single biomarker testing gradually decreased over time, except testing for PD‐L1, which remained constant. The use of ODxTT gradually increased in this period. Time to treatment decreased from 29 to 22 days with ODxTT, in contrast to single biomarker tests (median 21–23 days overall). These results indicate that biomarker testing frequency changed in Japanese clinical practice during the study and that the use of ODxTT has increased over time, which potentially contributed to the shortening of time to treatment.
Baicalin mitigated IL‐1β‐Induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes damage through activating mitophagy
Authors: He Jun , He Jian
Published: February 2023

Mitophagy is related to chondrocyte homeostasis and plays a key role in the progress of osteoarthritis (OA). Baicalin has a protective effect on OA chondrocytes, the aim of this study was to explore whether the effect of Baicalin on IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte injury is related to the regulation of mitophagy. The expression of collagen II in chondrocytes was detected to identify chondrocytes. The effects of different concentrations of Baicalin (10, 20 and 40 μM), autophagy inhibitor (3‐Methyladenine), autophagy activator (rapamycin) and Baicalin combined with PI3K agonist (740Y‐P) on the viability (cell counting kit 8), apoptosis (flow cytometry), autophagy activation (Monodansylcadaverine staining) and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1 kit) of IL‐1β‐induced chondrocytes were evaluated. The co‐localization of autophagosome and mitochondria was determined by immunofluorescence. Apoptosis‐, autophagy‐, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway‐ and mitophagy‐related proteins were detected by western blot. Our result revealed that Baicalin and rapamycin facilitated cell viability, autophagy and mitophagy, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressed apoptosis of IL‐1β‐induced rat chondrocytes. In addition, Baicalin and rapamycin upregulated the levels of Bcl‐2, Beclin 1, LC3‐II/LC3‐I, p‐Drp1, PINK1 and Parkin as well as downregulated the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, P62, p‐PI3K/PI3K, p‐mTOR/mTOR and Drp1 in IL‐1β‐induced rat chondrocytes. However, 3‐Methyladenine did the opposite effects of Baicalin and 740Y‐P reversed the effects of Baicalin on IL‐1β‐induced rat chondrocytes. In conclusion, Baicalin activated mitophagy in IL‐1β‐induced chondrocytes by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activating PINK1/Parkin and PINK1/Drp‐1 pathway, thereby reducing the chondrocyte injury.
A robot is watching me!: Five‐year‐old children care about their reputation after interaction with a social robot
Authors: Okumura Yuko , Hattori Takashi , Fujita Sanae , Kobayashi Tessei
Published: February 2023

Since robots are becoming involved in children's lives, it is urgent to determine how children perceive robots. The present study assessed whether Japanese 5‐year‐olds care about their reputation when interacting with a social robot. Children were given stickers and asked to divide them between themselves and an absent recipient. Results revealed that children (N = 112, 55 boys, 57 girls) strategically shared more stickers when being watched by a social interactive robot than by an attentional but non‐interactive robot or a still robot. Additionally, children (N = 36, 18 boys, 18 girls) attributed higher psychological properties to social robots. This study is the first to show that 5‐year‐olds care about their reputations from social robots.
Evaluating childsmile, Scotland's National Oral Health Improvement Programme for children
Authors: Ross Alastair J. , Sherriff Andrea , Kidd Jamie , Deas Leigh , Eaves Jenny , Blokland Alex , Wright Bill , King Peter , McMahon Alex D. , Conway David I. , Macpherson Lorna M. D.
Published: February 2023

In the early 2000s, a Scottish Government Oral Health Action Plan identified the need for a national programme to improve child oral health and reduce inequalities. ‘Childsmile’ aimed to improve child oral health in Scotland, reduce inequalities in outcomes and access to dental services, and to shift the balance of care from treatment to prevention through targeted and universal components in dental practice, community and educational settings. This paper describes how an embedded, theory‐based research and evaluation arm with multi‐disciplinary input helps determine priorities and provides important strategic direction. Programme theory is articulated in dedicated, dynamic logic models, and evaluation themes are as follows: population‐level data linkage; trials and economic evaluations; investigations drawing from behavioural and implementation science; evidence reviews and updates; and applications of systems science. There is also a growing knowledge sharing network internationally. Collaborative working from all stakeholders is necessary to maintain gains and to address areas that may not be working as well, and never more so with the major disruptions to the programme from the COVID‐19 pandemic and response. Conclusions are that evaluation and research are synergistic with a complex, dynamic programme like Childsmile. The evidence obtained allows for appraisal of the relative strengths of component interventions and the reach and impact of Childsmile to feed into national policy.
Inequities and oral health: A behavioural sciences perspective
Authors: Goodwin Michaela , Henshaw Michelle , Borrelli Belinda
Published: February 2023

Objectives

The importance of tackling ongoing dental health inequities, observed both within and across countries, cannot be overstated. Alarmingly, health inequities in some areas are widening, resulting in an urgent need to act. The objective of this commentary is to explore oral health inequities through the lens of behavioral science and discuss adapting evidence based interventions for populations experiencing health inequities.

Method/Results

The first section of this paper aims to describe the role of health disparities and inequities within oral health, with a specific focus on behaviours. The determinants, from upstream to downstream, and the interplay between these levels of intervention are discussed. This is followed by an overview of oral health promotion interventions, again with a focus on behaviours, which could potentially improve oral health while also taking into account oral health inequities. It is essential to translate evidence‐based interventions (EBIs) to populations that have the greatest burden of disease. The second section of this paper discusses the rationale for cultural adaption of EBIs, criteria to justify EBIs and considers different cultural adaptation strategies necessary for the development and testing of effective, engaging, equitable and culturally relevant interventions.

Conclusions

We conclude with future directions for the development of theory‐based multi‐level interventions, guided by extent evidence‐based interventions, and transdisciplinary approaches to science and key stakeholders such as patients, providers and payers.
Effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on ranges of vertebrate species endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau over 40 years
Authors: Jiang Dechun , Zhao Xumao , López‐Pujol Jordi , Wang Zhiqiang , Qu Yanhua , Zhang Yanming , Zhang Tongzuo , Li Dayong , Jiang Ke , Wang Bin , Yan Chaochao , Li Jia‐Tang
Published: February 2023

Over the past 40 years, the climate has been changing and human disturbance has increased in the vast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). These 2 factors are expected to affect the distribution of a large number of endemic vertebrate species. However, quantitative relationships between range shifts and climate change and human disturbance of these species in the QTP have rarely been evaluated. We used occurrence records of 19 terrestrial vertebrate species (birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles) occurring in the QTP from 1980 to 2020 to quantify the effects of climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the distribution of these 4 taxonomic groups and estimated species range changes in each species. The trend in distribution changes differed among the taxonomic groups, although, generally, ranges shifted to central QTP. Climate change contributed more to range variation than human disturbance (the sum of the 4 climatic variables contributed more than the sum of the 4 human disturbance variables for all 4 taxonomic groups). Suitable geographic range increased for most mammals, amphibians, and reptiles (+27.6%, +18.4%, and +27.8% on average, respectively), whereas for birds range decreased on average by 0.9%. Quantitative evidence for climate change and human disturbance associations with range changes for endemic vertebrate species in the QTP can provide useful insights into biodiversity conservation under changing environments.
A guide to qualitative attribution methods for evaluation in conservation
Authors: Zavaleta Cheek Jennifer , Eklund Johanna , Merten Nikolas , Brooks Jeremy , Miller Daniel C.
Published: February 2023

Knowledge of what conservation interventions improve biodiversity outcomes, and in which circumstances, is imperative. Experimental and quasi‐experimental methods are increasingly used to establish causal inference and build the evidence base on the effectiveness of interventions, but their ability to provide insight into how and under what conditions an intervention should be implemented to improve biodiversity outcomes faces limitations. A suite of attribution methods that leverage qualitative methods for causal inference is available but underutilized in conversation impact evaluation. This article provides a guide to 5 such qualitative attribution methods: contribution analysis, process tracing, realist evaluation, qualitative comparative analysis, and most significant change. It defines and introduces each method and then illustrates how they could be applied through a case study of community conservancies in Namibia. This guide provides examples of how qualitative attribution methods can advance knowledge of what works, in which contexts, and why in biodiversity conservation.
Lifetime history of an anxiety or depression disorder and adherence to medications used for the acute treatment of migraine
Authors: Butler Nicole , Snyder Ivy C. , Korn Talia G. , Nicholson Robert A. , Robbins Matthew S. , Seng Elizabeth K.
Published: February 2023

Objective

In this secondary analysis of mobile health headache diary data, we evaluated the relationship between adherence to medication used for the acute treatment of migraine and lifetime history of an anxiety or depression disorder.

Background

Medication non‐adherence can produce poor clinical efficacy and may be associated with medication overuse. Medication overuse was defined by taking a migraine‐specific medication (MSM) for ≥10 days/month, an opioid or barbiturate for ≥10 days/month, or a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug for ≥15 days/month and having ≥15 headache days/month. Extant literature predominantly evaluates fixed‐schedule medication adherence. Little is known about predictors of adherence to as‐needed medication such as those used for the acute treatment of migraine.

Methods

Adults with prior migraine diagnosis and at least 4 headache days/month completed baseline questionnaires assessing lifetime history of depression or anxiety disorder diagnoses and were asked to record 90 days of once‐daily electronic headache diaries soliciting: Headache occurrence; symptoms; medication taken, if any, for the acute treatment of migraine; and their pain level (mild, moderate, severe) when the medication was taken. The 193 participants who completed ≥30 days of headache diary were included in this secondary analysis.

Results

A MSM was used as the first medication taken on 45.7% (2825/6176) of headache days. Nearly a quarter of the sample (45/193, 23.3%) overused medications for acute treatment of migraine. Medication overuse was more common in patients with a history of an anxiety disorder, odds ratio (OR) 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–3.69), but this relationship was not significant when headache days were accounted for, OR 2.02 (95% CI 0.83–4.91). Neither a history of a depression disorder, OR 1.40 (95% CI 0.90–2.16), nor an anxiety disorder, OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.71–1.72), was associated with taking medications early; however, duration of self‐monitoring was associated with taking MSM early, OR 1.006 (95% CI 1.004–1.009).

Conclusion

Lifetime history of depression and anxiety were not associated with taking a MSM early. Medication overuse may be more common in patients who have both migraine and anxiety. Taking a MSM early improved over time for all participants, even when adjusting for a history of an anxiety and or a depression disorder.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with migraine phenotype is associated with unfavorable headache outcomes
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Macher Stefan , Krajnc Nik , Pruckner Philip , Marik Wolfgang , Mitsch Christoph , Novak Klaus , Pemp Berthold , Wöber Christian
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess the prognostic impact of migraine headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Background

Migraine headache is common in IIH, but it is unclear whether it has prognostic relevance.

Methods

We investigated patients with IIH from the Vienna‐IIH‐database and differentiated migraine (IIH‐MIG) from non‐migraine headache (IIH‐nonMIG) and without headache (IIH‐noHA). Using multivariable models, we analyzed the impact of IIH‐MIG on headache and visual outcomes 12 months after diagnosis.

Results

Among 97 patients (89% female, mean [SD] age 32.9 [11.1] years, median body mass index 32.0 kg/m2, median cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure 310 mm), 46% were assigned to IIH‐MIG, 37% to IIH‐nonMIG (11% tension‐type, 26% unclassifiable), and 17% to IIH‐noHA. Overall, headache improvement was achieved in 77% and freedom of headache in 28%. The IIH‐MIG group showed significantly lower rates for headache improvement (67% vs. 89% in IIH‐nonMIG, p = 0.019) and freedom of headache (11% vs. 33% in IIH‐nonMIG and 63% in IIH‐noHA, p = 0.015). These differences persisted when only analyzing patients with resolved papilledema at follow‐up. In contrast, visual worsening was significantly less common in IIH‐MIG (9% vs. 28% in IIH‐nonMIG and 31% in IIH‐noHA, p = 0.045). In multivariable models, IIH‐MIG was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of achieving headache improvement (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.78, p < 0.001) and freedom of headache (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.46, p < 0.001), but also a lower risk for visual worsening (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.04–0.82, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In IIH, migraine headache is associated with unfavorable outcomes for headache, even when papilledema has resolved, and possibly favorable visual outcome.
Mast cell ontogeny: From fetal development to life‐long health and disease
Authors: Chia Shin Li , Kapoor Simran , Carvalho Cyril , Bajénoff Marc , Gentek Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Mast cells (MCs) are evolutionarily ancient innate immune cells with important roles in protective immunity against bacteria, parasites, and venomous animals. They can be found in most organs of the body, where they also contribute to normal tissue functioning, for example by engaging in crosstalk with nerves. Despite this, they are most widely known for their detrimental roles in allergy, anaphylaxis, and atopic disease. Just like macrophages, mast cells were conventionally thought to originate from the bone marrow. However, they are already present in fetal tissues before the onset of bone marrow hematopoiesis, questioning this dogma. In recent years, our view of myeloid cell ontogeny has been revised. We now know that the first mast cells originate from progenitors made in the extra‐embryonic yolk sac, and later get supplemented with mast cells produced from subsequent waves of hematopoiesis. In most connective tissues, sizeable populations of fetal‐derived mast cells persist into adulthood, where they self‐maintain largely independently from the bone marrow. These developmental origins are highly reminiscent of macrophages, which are known to have critical functions in development. Mast cells too may thus support healthy development. Their fetal origins and longevity also make mast cells susceptible to genetic and environmental perturbations, which may render them pathological. Here, we review our current understanding of mast cell biology from a developmental perspective. We first summarize how mast cell populations are established from distinct hematopoietic progenitor waves, and how they are subsequently maintained throughout life. We then discuss what functions mast cells may normally have at early life stages, and how they may be co‐opted to cause, worsen, or increase susceptibility to disease.
Regional flap: A reliable coverage for post‐radiation ulcer
Authors: Dong Wenfang , Zhang Xinling , Luo Xiuzhen , Chen Yujie , Bi Hongsen , An Yang , Yang Xin , Zhao Zhenmin
Published: February 2023

Ulcer in radiation‐damaged tissue is a dilemma with limited treatment strategies. The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regional flaps for patients with post‐radiation ulcers through a 10‐year experience. A retrospective study of consecutive patients with post‐radiation ulcers at a single institute from 2012 to 2022 was conducted. Reconstruction included complete excision of irradiated tissue and coverage with well‐vascularised tissue, including local flaps, regional flaps and free flaps. Study outcomes included complications, reoperation rates, overall flap success and recurrence rates. Thirteen patients (six males and seven females; mean age, 56.85 ± 13.87 years) with a mean 10‐month history of post‐radiation ulcers were enrolled. Ulcers are predominantly located in the chest (n = 3, 23.1%), head (n = 2, 15.4%) and neck (n = 2, 15.4%), with a mean size of 33.1 cm2 (range from 1 cm2 to 120 cm2). Eleven patients underwent reconstruction with 15 regional flaps and three local flaps, one patient received a free anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap and one patient underwent amputation. Among these 15 regional flaps, one (6.7%) had wound dehiscence and four (26.7%) had localised necrosis requiring reoperation. In addition, one patient with a non‐healing sinus tract underwent reoperation. The overall success rate of the regional flap was 100% and no recurrence was observed with a mean follow‐up of 23.3 months. Regional flaps seem a safe and effective reconstructive method for post‐radiation ulcers.
The COVID‐19 impact and characterization on substance use‐related emergency department visits for adolescents and young adults in Canada: Practical implications
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Rajack Natalie , Mondoux Shawn E. , Tardelli Vitor S. , Kolla Nathan J. , Le Foll Bernard
Published: February 2023

Rationale

Coronavirus (COVID‐19)‐related stressors precipitated the mental health crisis and increased substance use in Canada and worldwide. As the pandemic continues to evolve, monitoring and updating substance use‐related ED visit trends is essential to ensure the stability and quality of ED services under the prolonged pandemic timeline.

Aims and Objectives

This study examined the trends and characterization of substance use‐related ED visits during the pandemic among adolescents and young adults (aged 13–25 years) in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted using population‐based, repeated cross‐sectional data. The volume, patient characteristics (age and sex) and hospital/ED visit features (triage to end time, timing of the visit, triage level and referral source) were compared before (2019) and during COVID‐19 (2020 and 2021) by each substance type (alcohol, opioid, cannabis, sedatives, cocaine, stimulants and multiple psychoactive substances).

Results

Substance use‐related ED visits decreased by 1.5 times during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic level. However, opioid‐related ED visits continued to show an increasing trend and did not recover to the prepandemic level in 2021. Moreover, a significant increase in emergent/life‐threatening triage levels (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scales 1 and 2) in substance‐related ED visits is alarming (2019 = 36.8%, 2020 = 38.7% and 2021 = 38.4%). We also found a general decrease in weekend visits, overnight visits and visits on statutory holidays, and substance use‐related ED patients tended to stay longer (over 6 h) in the ED during the pandemic.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate unmet substance use treatment needs due to the limited accessibility and heightened threshold for ED visits during the pandemic. Providing access to substance treatment/programs outside ED is critical to reducing substance use‐related complications presenting in the ED. Also, policies addressing the pandemic‐related complexities in the ED and Health Human Resource challenges are warranted.
Multiple‐brooding rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) can utilize stored sperm from individual sires to fertilize consecutive broods
Authors: Kashef Neosha S , Stafford David M. , Sogard Susan M. , Garza John C. , Field John C. , Gilbert‐Horvath Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2023

Viviparous rockfishes (Sebastes spp., family Scorpaenidae) mate and store sperm in the ovaries for several months prior to fertilization, as oocytes develop for the parturition season. Although multiple paternity has been documented in single‐brooding rockfishes, paternity in consecutive broods of multiple‐brooding species has not been studied. Analyses of multilocus microsatellite genotypes in both residual larvae left in the ovary from a previous parturition and upcoming fertilized broods in the same ovary demonstrated evidence of the same sires in consecutive broods in chilipepper (Sebastes goodei) and speckled (Sebastes ovalis) rockfishes. One S. goodei mother showed evidence of multiple paternity from the same two sires in both consecutive broods. The ability to retain sperm, even after a parturition event, for use in subsequent broods, confers an advantage to ensure fertilization and allows for extension of the parturition season. This life‐history strategy provides a bet‐hedging advantage in the California Current system, an environmentally dynamic ecosystem where larval survivorship and subsequent recruitment to adult populations can vary temporally by orders of magnitude.
Development and performance analysis of continuous cooking systems
Authors: Waghmode Amol Tukaram , Pandit Aniruddha Bhalchandra , Kale Dhanaji Mahadeo , Joshi Jyeshtharaj Bhalchandra , Kokil Prasad Laxmikant
Published: February 2023

The continuous cooking system is a sustainable solution that significantly impacts large‐scale cooking in the form of the economy of scale. Some rice needed a longer cooking time and a higher ratio of water to rice, which required a larger quantity of water and consumed much more energy. This study aims to optimize energy efficiency in a continuous cooking device with the potential of enhancing thermal performance by heating in coming fresh water using latent heat associated with the hot cooked meal while it exits the cooker. This is similar to the principles of energy integration followed in the chemical industry. This experimental continuous cooker is developed, which can cook 30 kg/h of dry food equivalent to 100 kg/h of wet cooked rice continuously. Thermal efficiency achieved by this system is around 70.17% & the overall cooking efficiency obtained by this cooking system is 66.66% with further implementation possibility.

Practical applications

Continuous cooking methods are helpful when a minimum of 1000 or more meals are to be cooked per hour. Many locations, such as hostels, hospitals, and industrial kitchens, cook more than 2500 meals. So, this time is increased significantly at religious locations, mess, and canteens serving mid‐day meals for students in India. In these places mentioned above, where cooking is done by conventional method over long periods, continuous cooking is an excellent option. Also, this developed cooking system can be implemented on the same rural and industrial scale. The expected socio‐economical benefit of activity is expected to be in the range of Rupees 200,000 Crores annually.
A critical review exploring science communication of nutrition and dietetic research: a case‐based approach exploring methodologies
Authors: Mellor Duane D. , Green Dan J.
Published: February 2023

Background

Nutrition is an area of apparent disagreement among the public and experts. It is also an area which has seen a rapid increase in the number of publications in the past 40 years. With the advent of online media and social media platforms, the volume of news has also increased. This review considered five types of nutrition research and how press releases linked to publications might be reported by the media.

Methods

Examples were taken from nutrition‐related articles published in the areas of in vitro work, animal data, epidemiology, clinical trials and data modelling publications which had press releases deposited in online repositories (EurekAlert! and AlphaGalileo). A critical narrative of the source of the media message, estimates of its reach and any potential exaggeration or source of confusion were identified.

Results

It was clear that research has been reported by funders, journals and researchers' institutions in ways that claim extended findings of the data beyond that reported in the manuscript. This included inferences of health benefits in humans from laboratory studies, splitting outcome data for the same exposure in epidemiological studies based on perceived public interest, using clinical trials to make media claims that would not be permitted in advertisements and claiming modelled data for cases were actual changes in numbers of cases.

Conclusions

It is essential that funding bodies and institutions along with academic journals apply pressure to discourage exaggeration of research. This is necessary to maintain public trust in science and ultimately improve public health.
Workplace social capital mediates the relationship between authentic leadership and three dimensions of organizational commitment of hospital nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kida Ryohei , Yumoto Yoshie , Ogata Yasuko
Published: February 2023

Aim

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of workplace social capital on the relationship between authentic leadership and the three dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, normative, and continuance.

Methods

In January 2019, anonymous self‐reported questionnaires were distributed to 1220 nurses working in the general wards of two university hospitals in Japan. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediating effects of workplace social capital on the relationship between nurse managers' authentic leadership and the three dimensions of organizational commitment.

Results

Six hundred and fifty‐nine data points were analyzed (valid response rate = 54.0%). Participants' average age was 28.6 years (standard deviation: 6.6), and 93.3% were female. The mediation indirect effect of workplace social capital between authentic leadership and organizational commitment was statistically significant in the models of affective organizational commitment and normative organizational commitment, but not in the model of continuance organizational commitment.

Conclusions

The effects of authentic leadership and workplace social capital had different impacts on each of the three dimensions of organizational commitment. Nurse managers' authentic leadership and workplace social capital can enhance nurses' positive commitment to the organization.
Does Real‐Time Macroeconomic Information Help to Predict Interest Rates?
Authors: CARUSO ALBERTO , CORONEO LAURA
Published: February 2023

We analyze the predictive ability of real‐time macroeconomic information for the yield curve of interest rates. We specify a mixed‐frequency macro‐yields model in real time that incorporates interest rate surveys and treats macroeconomic factors as unobservable components. Results indicate that real‐time macroeconomic information is helpful to predict interest rates, and that data revisions drive a superior predictive ability of revised macro data over real‐time macro data. We also find that interest rate surveys can have significant predictive power over and above real‐time macroeconomic variables.
Evaluation of the quality of life and the satisfaction level after reconstruction with anterior iliac crest graft and implant‐supported fixed prosthesis treatment
Authors: Tanır Kardelen Öykü , Avağ Canseda , Tosun Emre , Akkocaoğlu Murat
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To evaluate oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction levels related to treatment in patients who have complete implant treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation after anterior iliac crest grafting.

Materials and methods

Fifty‐four patients (37 F, 17 M) with a total of 487 implants placed and implant‐supported fixed prosthesis treatment completed were included in the study. OHIP‐14OHIP‐14 scale and satisfaction Likert scale questions were used to evaluate the OHRQoL and the satisfaction levels related to the treatment applied, respectively. To compare the outcomes, the significance test and the Mann–Whitney U‐test were used. One‐way analyses of variance and Kruskal–Wallis were used to assess the significance of differences among or between the groups.

Results

The quality of life (QoL) was higher, and the mean OHIP‐14 scores were lower in women, older patients, and cases with a longer follow‐up period, recorded as 13.6 ± 10.3 (p: 0.263), 12.9 ± 11.3 (p: 0.079), and 11.8 ± 9.6 (p: 0.015*), respectively. Moreover, satisfaction levels of the patients related to the treatment were 83.3%.

Conclusions

The treatment of severely atrophic jaws with anterior iliac crest for the implant and prosthetic rehabilitation has a positive effect on the QoL. This effect has increased with time, and the satisfaction levels of the patients related to this procedure were high, and their expectations regarding this treatment were met at a high level.
Special issue introduction: Sexual harassment among young people
Authors: Skoog Therése , Lunde Carolina , Gattario Kristina Holmqvist
Published: February 2023

Sexual harassment is a serious and widespread social issue affecting numerous young people across the globe. Sexual harassment is prevalent in many everyday situations and contexts, not least in school. In recent years, public discussions emerging from the seminal #MeToomovement, have put the adversities of sexual harassment in the academic spotlight. This special issue presents cutting‐edge research on sexual harassment among young people from international scholars spanning a variety of perspectives, methodological approaches, and demographic samples. The special issue organizes the individual contributions into four sections, focusing on (1) developmental aspects on sexual harassment, (2) contexts of sexual harassment, (3) sexual harassment among diverse groups of young people, and (4) policies and legislation around sexual harassment. All contributions outline social policy and social intervention implications of their findings. Hopefully, the special issue will inspire future efforts to study and combat sexual harassment among young people.
Histone deacetylase 9 regulates disease resistance through fine‐tuning histone deacetylation of melatonin biosynthetic genes and melatonin accumulation in cassava
Authors: Zhao Huiping , Ge Zhongyuan , Zhou Mengmeng , Zeng Hongqiu , Wei Yunxie , Liu Guoyin , Yan Yu , Reiter Russel J. , He Chaozu , Shi Haitao
Published: February 2023

Melatonin participates in plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Histone acetylation regulates many plant biological processes via transcriptional reprogramming. However, the direct relationship between melatonin and histone acetylation in plant disease resistance remains unclear. In this study, we identified cassava bacterial blight (CBB) responsive histone deacetylase 9 (HDA9), which negatively regulated disease resistance to CBB by reducing melatonin content. In addition, exogenous melatonin alleviated disease sensitivity of MeHDA9 overexpressed plants to CBB. Importantly, MeHDA9 inhibited the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes through decreasing lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5) acetylation at the promoter regions of melatonin biosynthetic genes, thereby modulating melatonin accumulation in cassava. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2C 12 (MePP2C12) interacted with MeHDA9 in vivo and in vitro, and it was involved in MeHDA9‐mediated disease resistance via melatonin biosynthetic pathway. In summary, this study highlights the direct interaction between histone deacetylation and melatonin biosynthetic genes in cassava disease resistance via histone deacetylation, providing new insights into the genetic improvement of disease resistance via epigenetic regulation of melatonin level in tropical crops.
Research progress on detection methods for hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA
Authors: Sun Fenglan , Xia Wei , Ouyang Yaoling
Published: February 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global public health problem, and HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of infected cells cannot be eliminated by current treatments and is a major factor in the persistence and recurrence of hepatitis B. Efficient and scientific detection methods are important for clinical monitoring of cccDNA and targeted drug development. Western blotting is the gold standard for the quantitative detection of cccDNA, but it is time‐consuming and complex. In recent years, new detection technologies have been continuously updated. There are new developments and breakthroughs in both next‐generation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and non‐PCR methods such as in situ hybridization. Some HBV‐related markers (such as hepatitis B core‐related antigen) have also been shown to be closely related to cccDNA, and they can be used as surrogate markers to indirectly reflect cccDNA content. In this paper, the main detection methods of cccDNA and their improvements are reviewed, the advantages and limitations of these methods are analysed and summarized, and future development directions are proposed.
Peripheral optical anisotropy in refractive error groups
Authors: Zheleznyak Len
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This study investigated differences in peripheral image quality with refractive error. Peripheral blur orientation is determined by the interaction of optical aberrations (such as oblique astigmatism) and retinal shape. By providing the eye with an optical signal for determining the sign of defocus, peripheral blur anisotropy may play a role in mechanisms of accommodation, emmetropisation and optical myopia control interventions. This study investigated peripheral through‐focus optical anisotropy and image quality and how it varies with the eye's refractive error.

Methods

Previously published Zernike coefficients across retinal eccentricity (0, 10, 20 and 30° horizontal nasal visual field) were used to compute the through‐focus modulation transfer function (MTF) for a 4 mm pupil. Image quality was defined as the volume under the MTF, and blur anisotropy was defined as the ratio of the horizontal to vertical meridians of the MTF (HVRatio).

Results

Across the horizontal nasal visual field (at 10, 20 and 30°), the peak image quality for emmetropes was within 0.3 D of the retina, as opposed to myopes whose best focus was behind the retina (−0.1, 0.4 and 1.5 D, respectively), while for hyperopes it lay in front of the retina (−0.5, −0.6 and −0.6 D). At 0.0 D (i.e., on the retina), emmetropes and hyperopes both exhibited horizontally elongated blur, whereas myopes had vertically elongated blur (HVRatio = 0.3, 0.7 and 2.8, respectively, at 30° eccentricity).

Conclusions

Blur in the peripheral retina is dominated by the so‐called “odd‐error” blur signals, primarily due to oblique astigmatism. The orientation of peripheral blur (horizontal or vertical) provides the eye with an optical cue for the sign of defocus. All subject groups had anisotropic blur in the nasal visual field; myopes exhibited vertically elongated blur, perpendicular to the blur orientation of emmetropes and hyperopes.
Manual Reduction and Plaster External Fixation for the Treatment of Closed Total Talus Dislocation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Ji‐yang , Chen Li‐ming , Li Tai‐xian , Zhang Wei , Guo Sheng‐jun , Li Xiao‐liang , Zhao Wan‐ning
Published: February 2023

Background

Total dislocation of the talus from all its surrounding joints (talonavicular, tibiotalar, subtalar) is one kind of serious injury of the lower extremity with rare occurrence. It is usually accompanied by fractures of the talus and its periphery, as well as severe soft tissue injury, which is difficult to reset. Complications such as skin necrosis and infection are prone to occur in the early stage, and talus necrosis are prone to occur in the late stage, all of which aggravate disease severity and increase difficulties for its treatment.

Case Presentation

Herein, we reported a case of right talus total dislocation accompanied by medial malleolus fracture and posterior tubercle fracture caused by traffic accident. One hour after injury, the doctor tried to perform manual reduction but failed. Then, we successfully performed manual reduction and plaster external fixation on this patient under anesthesia 6 h after injury, followed by the oral administration of Chinese medicine for 3 months. Twenty months of follow‐up investigations revealed that no skin necrosis, talus dislocation, talus necrosis, or other complications occurred; no obvious joint degeneration was observed and the fractures of medial malleolus and talus healed well. MRI of ankle joint indicated the disappearance of ankle effusion caused by injury, and the bone marrow edema had also subsided at talus, medial malleolus, and lateral malleolus and calcaneus. Patient presented with no ligament relaxation, ankle instability, pain, swelling, or functional limitation of the injured limb. AOFAS score reached 100. Daily functions and recreation activities were recovered back to the normal level.

Conclusion

For patients with closed total dislocation of the talus, fine therapeutic effects can be achieved by early closed manual reduction and plaster external fixation under anesthesia, in combination with oral Chinese herbal medicine afterwards. It is worthy of reference for clinicians.
Staging the Imagined City: Aretino in Rome and London
Authors: De Rycker Kate
Published: February 2023

This article explores the theme of ‘cityscapes’, and Aretino as a writer of the urban experience, by focussing on the city as an unknowable and anonymous space, especially to social outsiders. It will first examine how Aretino portrays Rome in his early comedy Cortigiana (1525) as a confusing and socially stratified space when experienced from its peripheries. A key factor in achieving this is in his mapping of the imagined spaces of the city (the ‘locus’) onto the theatrical stage‐space (the ‘platea’) so that the stage represents the street and the back‐stage represents a hidden world from which both Cortigiana's main characters and indeed the audience are locked out. Those desired spaces of the city are often coded in sexual terms, and so the second half of this article will explore the way in which i modi (the ephemeral erotic images which would shape Aretino's posthumous reputation as a pornographer) would become a visual trope used by seventeenth‐century English writers to conjure up the unseen and imagined interiors of London's suburban brothels and aristocratic boudoirs.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*51:370 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: February 2023

HLA‐B*51:370 differs from HLA‐B*51:01:01:04 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 276 in exon 5.