bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE TRANSLATION OF PHRASAL VERBS IN THE SUBTITLING FROM ENGLISH TO PORTUGUESE IN THE SERIES BEWITCHED
Authors: Pasquetti Massutti Cristina , Bonqueves Fadanelli Sabrina
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine if the phrasal verbs used in English in the TV series Bewitched have the same interpretation of meanings in the translation to Portuguese in the subtitles. The research follows the model of Vinay and Darbelnet (1989) with focus on part of their theories called “oblique translation”. The study is an exploratory research and the episodes of Bewitched series selected were from the first and the last season, aiming at comparing the original scripts with phrasal verbs with the translation in the subtitles to Portuguese. The software AntConc was used to locate phrasal verbs through scripts; the software Notepad++ was used to compare the English and Portuguese versions; and the Excel software enabled the researcher to account for the data found. The results are shown in accordance with Vinay and Darbelnet's theory since they emphasize the transmission of a message to whoever is watching through the possible linguistic means each language presents over literal translation.
PNAIC: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DE UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Pottmeier Sandra , Oliva Donida Lais , Helena Cúrio de Caetano Marta
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho objetiva analisar produções acadêmicas publicadas entre 2013 e 2017 sobre o Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa - PNAIC. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada nas bases de dados: Repositório da UFSC, CAPES, Scielo e Redalyc, 14 trabalhos foram selecionados. A discussão revelada, a partir de análise de dados, evidencia que os cadernos de estudo do PNAIC vêm contemplando os usos sociais de leitura, escrita, oralidade e análise linguística. Considera-se, contudo, que ainda há necessidade de um aprofundamento quanto às concepções de leitura, assim como na caracterização do leitor pautadas em uma fundamentação teórico-metodológica consistente, em função da presença de diferentes compreensões teóricas que são apresentadas, muitas vezes, de modo superficial e, até mesmo, conflitivos entre si nos cadernos do PNAIC.
Янтарный край: древнее сокровище в янтаре, "Природа"
Authors: Мычко Эдуард Вагифович
Published: October 2020

Калининградская область - самый западный регион России - богата палеонтологическими находками. Особое место среди них занимают уникальные окаменелости - инклюзы, или включения, в янтаре. И хотя первые данные об остатках ископаемых организмов в янтаре региона были известны с середины XIX в., балтийский янтарь остается до сих пор недостаточно изученным «контейнером», содержащим уникальные данные о биоте эоцена Европейского континента.
Кричтонит и его семейство: история открытия двух новых минералов, "Природа"
Authors: Расцветаева Рамиза Кераровна
Published: October 2020

Минералы группы кричтонита - сложные оксиды, которые описываются общей формулой: M0M1M2M3M4M5O, где M0 = Ba, K, Pb, Sr, La, Ce, Na, Ca; M1 = Mn+ Y, U, Fe, Zr, Ca, Sc; M2 = Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn; M3 = Fe, Cr, V, Mn, Al; позиции M4 и M5 заняты преимущественно атомами Ti. В группу кричтонита входят 16 минералов с параметрами тригональной ячейки а ~ 10 A, c ~ 21 А, пространственная группа R3. Два из них-альмейдаит из месторождения в Бразилии и сарановскит из месторождения хромитов на Среднем Урале - открыты при нашем участии.
РИОЭ. РАБСТВО ПОСЛЕ РИМА, 500-1100. Оксфорд: Издательство Оксфордского университета, 2017. 285 с, "Средние века"
Authors: Филиппов Игорь Святославович
Published: October 2020

В рецензии рассматривается круг проблем, затронутых автором, использованные источники, примененные методы исследования, аргументация и полученные выводы. Анализируются также некоторые общеисторические представления автора, важные для оценки информативного потенциала привлеченных источников, например, «варварских правд». Отмечаются эрудиция автора, высокое качество проведенного ею исследования и впечатляющий объем собранных и изученных фактов, при этом констатируются лакуны в библиографии, в частности, игнорирование работ российских медиевистов, в том числе доступных на известных автору языках.
Long‐term peripheral immune cell profiling reveals further targets of oral cladribine in MS
Authors: Moser Tobias , Schwenker Kerstin , Seiberl Michael , Feige Julia , Akgün Katja , Haschke‐Becher Elisabeth , Ziemssen Tjalf , Sellner Johann
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To expand the knowledge about the immunological consequences of cladribine (CLAD), a pulsed immune reconstitution therapy approved for active multiple sclerosis (MS), beyond the known short‐term effects on peripheral immune cell subsets.

Methods

In this study, we characterized depletion and restitution kinetics as well as cytokine profiles of peripheral immune cell subsets in 18 patients with MS following treatment with oral CLAD. The methods involved blood collection prior to CLAD and every three months over a period of 24 months, and extensive characterization of various immune cells subsets by multiparametric flow cytometry.

Results

We found a selectivity of CLAD towards central memory T cells and memory B cells and detected a hyper‐repopulation of maturing B cells. Counts of classical (−65%) and various nonclassical TH17 cells (−84% to −87%) were markedly reduced 24 months after treatment start, and were comparable with depletion rates of class‐switched memory B‐cell phenotypes (−87% to −95%). The nadir of TH cells was more pronounced in the second treatment year. We observed a proportional surge of CD20 T‐cell subsets and an expansion of regulatory T, B and NK cells. Natural killer T cells (NKT) were only depleted in year two and did not recover.

Interpretation

Peripheral immune cell profiling revealed more differentiated insights into the immunological effects of CLAD. While some immune cell subsets expanded, we also observed additive depleting effects after the second treatment course. Further studies are required to elucidate whether these changes are paramount for the consistent and prolonged disease‐modifying effect of CLAD.
Weight Fluctuation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , Reed George , Kremer Joel
Published: October 2020

Objective

Fluctuations in weight have been linked to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in the general population. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether weight fluctuation was independently predictive of CV events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We studied patients with RA from the Corrona registry. Weight change was categorized as loss of ≥10%, loss of 5–10%, stable, gain of 5–10%, and gain of ≥10%. We also categorized patients by quintile of variability in weight in prior observation periods. Cox proportional hazards models explored independent associations between time‐varying weight change and weight variability and risk of CV events before and after adjusting for CV risk factors, RA disease features, and disability.

Results

Among 31,381 participants, those who lost or gained 10% of their weight had greater disease activity and worse physical function, and they were more likely to smoke, have diabetes mellitus, receive corticosteroids, and be disabled. In adjusted models, a greater risk of CV events was observed in those who experienced 10% weight loss (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.36], P = 0.02) or weight gain (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.04–1.38], P = 0.01). The association between weight change and CV events was stronger among participants with body mass index <25 kg/m2 for 10% weight loss (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.08–1.66], P = 0.001] and 10% weight gain (HR 1.74 [95% CI 1.41–2.24], P < 0.001). Patients with greater variability in weight had a higher risk of CV events.

Conclusion

Recent changes and high variability in weight predict CV events in RA, particularly among thin patients. Further study is necessary to determine if weight fluctuation has adverse cardiometabolic consequences that are independent of other risk factors.
Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Lupus in Psychosis Patients Who Have Tested Positive for Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Spies Michael C. , Gutjahr‐Holland Johannes A. , Bertouch James V. , Sammel Anthony M.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Psychosis is a rare manifestation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). Current guidelines do not make a recommendation regarding the use of antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing in the assessment of patients with psychosis. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of NPSLE in patients with psychosis who were positive for ANAs.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who were admitted to the mental health service of 2 metropolitan tertiary referral centers with a diagnosis of psychosis and had been tested for ANAs was conducted. A diagnosis of SLE was made when the 2019 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification criteria were fulfilled. Attribution of psychosis‐related events to NPSLE were made according to validated criteria.

Results

There were 10,205 mental health admissions with diagnoses of psychosis representing 4,766 individual patients, 911 patients (19%) were tested for ANAs, 135 (15%) of those tests returned a positive result with a titer of ≥1:160. The mean ± SD follow‐up time was 47 ± 26 months. At discharge, there were 4 patients who met 2019 ACR/EULAR criteria for SLE, 2 of whom met criteria for NPSLE (2 patients had other manifestations of SLE), yielding an NPSLE prevalence of 1.5% (2 of 135) among patients who were positive for ANAs, and 0.2% (2 of 911) among all patients who underwent testing for ANAs.

Conclusion

The prevalence of NPSLE in patients with psychosis who were positive for ANAs was low, at 1.5%. The low rate of clinically significant positive results would argue against routine testing for ANAs in patients with psychosis.
Tuning the Microstructure and Thickness of Ceramic Layers with Advanced Coating Technologies Using Zirconia as an Example
Authors: Guillon Olivier , Dash Apurv , Lenser Christian , Uhlenbruck Sven , Mauer Georg
Published: October 2020

The properties of ceramic layers are not only related to the coating material but also—to a very high degree—the processing technology used. In particular, microstructure and thickness are key to the successful implementation of functional layers in application. This will be shown using yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as an example, a highly versatile compound with high fracture toughness, high chemical and thermal stability, high biological compatibility, and high oxygen ion conductivity. For each application, specific microstructures are required, which can only be obtained by suitable processing. Herein, coating technologies for layers with thicknesses spanning the nanometer range up to several hundred micrometers, and from full density to tailored open porosity are focused. Wet processing routes, thin‐film deposition from the gas phase as well as thermal and plasma spraying are presented along with the resulting YSZ layers.
Self‐Healing Lithographic Patterning of Perovskite Nanocrystals for Large‐Area Single‐Mode Laser Array
Authors: Xing Di , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Ho Ya‐Lun , Kamal A. Syazwan A. , Wang I‐Ta , Chen Chia‐Chun , Wen Cheng‐Yen , Chen Chun‐Wei , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques
Published: October 2020

Lead halide perovskites exhibit extraordinary optoelectronic performances and are being considered as a promising medium for high‐quality photonic devices such as single‐mode lasers. However, for perovskite‐based single‐mode lasers to become practical, fabrication and integration on a chip via the standard top‐down lithography process are strongly desired. The chief bottleneck to achieving lithography of perovskites lies in their reactivity to chemicals used for lithography as illustrated by issues of instability, surface roughness, and internal defects with the fabricated structures. The realization of lithographic perovskite single‐mode lasers in large areas remains a challenge. In this work, a self‐healing lithographic patterning technique using perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is demonstrated to realize high‐quality and high‐crystallinity single‐mode laser arrays. The self‐healing process is compatible with the standard lithography process and greatly improves the quality of lithographic laser cavities. A single‐mode microdisk laser array is demonstrated with a low threshold of 3.8 µJ cm−2. Moreover, the control of the lasing wavelength is made possible over a range of up to 6.4 nm by precise fabrication of the laser cavities. This work presents a general and promising strategy for standard top‐down lithography fabrication of high‐quality perovskite devices and enables research on large‐area perovskite‐based integrated optoelectronic circuits.
Bismuth‐Based Mesoporous Nanoball Carrying Sorafenib for Computed Tomography Imaging and Synergetic Chemoradiotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Cong , Liu Jie , Yu Xiang‐Nan , Deng Yong , Sun Yun , Liu Tao‐Tao , Dong Ling , Zhu Chang‐Feng , Shen Xi‐Zhong , Zhu Ji‐Min , Weng Shu‐Qiang , Li Yuhao
Published: October 2020

Sorafenib (SOR), a multi‐kinase inhibitor for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), reveals a limited therapeutic effect due to a lack of selectivity and evident drug resistance. In the present study, bismuth‐based mesoporous nanomaterial (NBOF) is loaded with SOR and then coated with polyethylene glycol and folic acid conjugates (P‐FA) to form an NBOF@SOR‐P‐FA nanocarrier system. The system achieves significantly enhanced anti‐cancer efficacy by combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy. To evaluate the effect of synergistic treatment, cytotoxicity detection, Live/Dead staining, apoptotic assay, and Western blot analysis are performed. The results suggest that NBOF@SOR‐P‐FA significantly inhibits HCC cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis. Also, the NBOF@SOR‐P‐FA exhibits excellent biocompatibility by hemolysis and serum biochemical tests and produces a substantially enhanced contrast efficiency as compared to iohexol by computed tomography imaging. More importantly, the profound suppression of tumor growth and potentiation of apoptosis are observed in a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. Collectively, these results indicate that the bismuth‐based nanotheranostic platform could enhance the therapeutic effect of sorafenib and serve as an innovative method for HCC treatment.
Dual Delivery of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel by Wet‐Spun Coaxial Fibers Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Death, Reduces Tumor Volume, and Sensitizes Cells to Radiation
Authors: Wade Samantha J. , Sahin Zeliha , Piper Ann‐Katrin , Talebian Sepehr , Aghmesheh Morteza , Foroughi Javad , Wallace Gordon G. , Moulton Simon E. , Vine Kara L.
Published: October 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, with surgical resection of the tumor in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy the only potential curative therapy. Up to 80% of diagnosed cases are deemed unresectable, prompting the need for alternative treatment approaches. Herein, coaxial polymeric fibers loaded with two chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine (Gem) and paclitaxel (Ptx), are fabricated to investigate the effect of local drug delivery on PDAC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. A wet‐spinning fabrication method to form a coaxial fiber with a polycaprolactone shell and alginate core loaded with Ptx and Gem, respectively, is used. In vitro, Gem+Ptx fibers display significant cytotoxicity as well as radiosensitizing properties toward PDAC cell lines greater than the equivalent free drugs, which may be attributed to a radiosensitizing effect of the polymers. In vivo studies assessing Gem+Ptx fiber efficacy found that Gem+Ptx fibers reduce tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model of PDAC. Importantly, no difference in mouse weight, circulating cytokines, or liver function is observed in mice treated with Gem+Ptx fibers compared to the empty fiber controls confirming the safety of the implant approach. With further development, Gem+Ptx fibers can improve the treatment of unresectable PDAC in the future.
Cardiomyocyte Induction and Regeneration for Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Cell Sources and Administration Strategies
Authors: He Lihong , Chen Xiongbiao
Published: October 2020

Occlusion of coronary artery and subsequent damage or death of myocardium can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) and even heart failure—one of the leading causes of deaths world wide. Notably, myocardium has extremely limited regeneration potential due to the loss or death of cardiomyocytes (i.e., the cells of which the myocardium is comprised) upon MI. A variety of stem cells and stem cell‐derived cardiovascular cells, in situ cardiac fibroblasts and endogenous proliferative epicardium, have been exploited to provide renewable cellular sources to treat injured myocardium. Also, different strategies, including direct injection of cell suspensions, bioactive molecules, or cell‐incorporated biomaterials, and implantation of artificial cardiac scaffolds (e.g., cell sheets and cardiac patches), have been developed to deliver renewable cells and/or bioactive molecules to the MI site for the myocardium regeneration. This article briefly surveys cell sources and delivery strategies, along with biomaterials and their processing techniques, developed for MI treatment. Key issues and challenges, as well as recommendations for future research, are also discussed.
Temperature Feedback‐Controlled Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy Based on NaGdF4:Er,Yb@NaGdF4:Nd@Cu‐BIF Nanoassemblies
Authors: Qi Ye , Ye Junwei , Ren Shuangsong , Wang Guangyao , Lv Jialin , Zhang Siqi , Che Ying , Li Yachen , Chen Baojiu , Ning Guiling
Published: October 2020

The intelligent design of multifunctional nanoplatforms is critical for cancer therapy. Herein, NaGdF4:Er,Yb@NaGdF4:Nd@Cu(II) boron−imidazolate frameworks (denoted as CSNPs@Cu‐BIF) nanoassemblies are designed and fabricated. Upon a single 808 nm laser irradiation, the nanoassemblies not only show the outstanding photothermal conversion capacity (η = 41.7%) but also generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species through an in situ Fenton‐like reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the nanoassemblies simultaneously introduce remarkable antitumor efficacy via photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the therapeutic effect of solid tumor ablation, it is highly desirable to monitor the treatment process in real‐time. Multiclinical imaging modalities of ultrasonography are employed to systematically investigate the ablation mechanism of solid tumors in vivo. Furthermore, the significant difference between the eigen temperature of CSNPs@Cu‐BIF nanoassemblies obtained by the temperature‐sensitive emission bands signal changes and the apparent temperature recorded by the thermal imaging camera is 14.55 K at equilibrium. This current work therefore supplies an alternative strategy in temperature feedback‐controlled accurate cancer therapy.
Recent Progress in the Development of Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Precise Tumor Phototherapy
Authors: Liu Junjie , Shi Jinjin , Nie Weimin , Wang Sijie , Liu Genhua , Cai Kaiyong
Published: October 2020

Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, mainly relies on phototherapeutic agents (PAs) to produce heat or toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumors. It has attracted wide attention due to its merits of noninvasive properties and negligible drug resistance. However, the phototoxicity of conventional PAs is one of the main challenges for its potential clinical application. This is mainly caused by the uncontrolled distribution of PA in vivo, as well as the inevitable damage to healthy cells along the light path. Ensuring the generation of ROS or heat specific at tumor site is the key for precise tumor phototherapy. In this review, the progress of targeted delivery of PA and activatable phototherapy strategies based on nanocarriers for precise tumor therapy is summarized. The research progress of passive targeting, active targeting, and activatable targeting strategies in the delivery of PA is also described. Then, the switchable nanosystems for tumor precise phototherapy in response to tumor microenvironment, including pH, glutathione (GSH), protein, and nucleic acid, are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of nanocarrier‐based precise phototherapy are discussed for clinical application in the future.
A Targeted Activatable NIR‐IIb Nanoprobe for Highly Sensitive Detection of Ischemic Stroke in a Photothrombotic Stroke Model
Authors: Yang Xiaohu , Wang Zan , Huang Haoying , Ling Sisi , Zhang Rong , Zhang Yejun , Chen Guangcun , Li Chunyan , Wang Qiangbin
Published: October 2020

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease resulting in high morbidity and mortality. To date, its early diagnosis still faces challenges. Herein, an efficient detection strategy is proposed, in which a targeted activatable NIR‐IIb nanoprobe (V&C/PbS@Ag2Se) is constructed for in vivo highly sensitive detection of early ischemic stroke in a photothrombotic stroke model. At first, the fluorescence of V&C/PbS@Ag2Se displays an “off” state due to the competitive absorption of excitation irradiation between Cy7.5 fluorophores and PbS@Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs). Upon intravenous injection, the V&C/PbS@Ag2Se quickly accumulates in the lesion regions based on VCAM1 binding peptide target to the inflamed vascular endothelium of ischemic stroke. Later, the nanoprobes can be rapidly activated via Cy7.5 oxidation by peroxynitrite (ONOO−), the prodromal biomarker of ischemic stroke, instantly illuminating the lesion regions. Such a targeted activatable strategy offers a favorable approach for in vivo early real‐time assessment of ischemic stroke, which can be expanded to other diseases as a general mothed for in vivo precise diagnosis.
IFlowPlate—A Customized 384‐Well Plate for the Culture of Perfusable Vascularized Colon Organoids
Authors: Rajasekar Shravanthi , Lin Dawn S. Y. , Abdul Lyan , Liu Amy , Sotra Alexander , Zhang Feng , Zhang Boyang
Published: October 2020

Despite the complexity and structural sophistication that 3D organoid models provide, their lack of vascularization and perfusion limit the capability of these models to recapitulate organ physiology effectively. A microfluidic platform named IFlowPlate is engineered, which can be used to culture up to 128 independently perfused and vascularized colon organoids in vitro. Unlike traditional microfluidic devices, the vascularized organoid‐on‐chip device with an “open‐well” design does not require any external pumping systems and allows tissue extraction for downstream analyses, such as histochemistry or even in vivo transplantation. By optimizing both the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the culture media formulation, patient‐derived colon organoids are co‐cultured successfully within a self‐assembled vascular network, and it is found that the colon organoids grow significantly better in the platform under constant perfusion versus conventional static condition. Furthermore, a colon inflammation model with an innate immune function where circulating monocytes can be recruited from the vasculature, differentiate into macrophage, and infiltrate the colon organoids in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ inflammatory cytokine stimulation is developed using the platform. With the ability to grow vascularized colon organoids under intravascular perfusion, the IFlowPlate platform could unlock new possibilities for screening potential therapeutic targets or modeling relevant diseases.
Visualizing the Anomalous Charge Density Wave States in Graphene/NbSe2 Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Yu , Wu Lishu , Xu Hai , Cong Chunxiao , Li Si , Feng Shun , Zhang Hongbo , Zou Chenji , Shang Jingzhi , Yang Shengyuan A. , Loh Kian Ping , Huang Wei , Yu Ting
Published: October 2020

Metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) host collective many‐body interactions, including the competing superconducting and charge density wave (CDW) states. Graphene is widely employed as a heteroepitaxial substrate for the growth of TMD layers and as an ohmic contact, where the graphene/TMD heterostructure is naturally formed. The presence of graphene can unpredictably influence the CDW order in 2D CDW conductors. This work reports the CDW transitions of 2H‐NbSe2 layers in graphene/NbSe2 heterostructures. The evolution of Raman spectra demonstrates that the CDW phase transition temperatures (TCDW) of NbSe2 are dramatically decreased when capped by graphene. The induced anomalous short‐range CDW state is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. The findings propose a new criterion to determine the TCDW through monitoring the line shape of the A1g mode. Meanwhile, the 2D band is also discovered as an indicator to observe the CDW transitions. First‐principles calculations imply that interfacial electron doping suppresses the CDW states by impeding the lattice distortion of 2H‐NbSe2. The extraordinary random CDW lattice suggests deep insight into the formation mechanism of many collective electronic states and possesses great potential in modulating multifunctional devices.
Human‐Recombinant‐Elastin‐Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting of Vascularized Soft Tissues
Authors: Lee Sohyung , Sani Ehsan Shirzaei , Spencer Andrew R. , Guan Yvonne , Weiss Anthony S. , Annabi Nasim
Published: October 2020

Bioprinting has emerged as an advanced method for fabricating complex 3D tissues. Despite the tremendous potential of 3D bioprinting, there are several drawbacks of current bioinks and printing methodologies that limit  the ability to print elastic and highly vascularized tissues. In particular, fabrication of complex biomimetic structure that are entirely based on 3D bioprinting is still challenging primarily due to the lack of suitable bioinks with high printability, biocompatibility, biomimicry, and proper mechanical properties. To address these shortcomings, in this work the use of recombinant human tropoelastin as a highly biocompatible and elastic bioink for 3D printing of complex soft tissues is demonstrated. As proof of the concept, vascularized cardiac constructs are bioprinted and their functions are assessed in vitro and in vivo. The printed constructs demonstrate endothelium barrier function and spontaneous beating of cardiac muscle cells, which are important functions of cardiac tissue in vivo. Furthermore, the printed construct elicits minimal inflammatory responses, and is shown to be efficiently biodegraded in vivo when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the elastic bioink for printing 3D functional cardiac tissues, which can eventually be used for cardiac tissue replacement.
Dopant‐Driven Positive Reinforcement in Ex‐Solution Process: New Strategy to Develop Highly Capable and Durable Catalytic Materials
Authors: Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Jun Kyu , Kim Kyeounghak , Jung Wan‐Gil , Lim Chaesung , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Dong‐Ha , Kim Bong‐Joong , Han Jeong Woo , Jung WooChul , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: October 2020

The ex‐solution phenomenon, a central platform for growing metal nanoparticles on the surface of host oxides in real time with high durability and a fine distribution, has recently been applied to various scientific and industrial fields, such as catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. However, the high‐temperature processing required for ex‐solutions (>700 °C) limits the applicable material compositions and has hindered advances in this technique. Here, an unprecedented approach is reported for low‐temperature particle ex‐solution on important nanoscale binary oxides. WO3 with a nanosheet structure is selected as the parent oxide, and Ir serves as the active metal species that produces the ex‐solved metallic particles. Importantly, Ir doping facilitates a phase transition in the WO3 bulk lattice, which further promotes Ir ex‐solution at the oxide surface and eventually enables the formation of Ir particles (<3 nm) at temperatures as low as 300 °C. Low‐temperature ex‐solution effectively inhibits the agglomeration of WO3 sheets while maintaining well‐dispersed ex‐solved particles. Furthermore, the Ir‐decorated WO3 sheets show excellent durability and H2S selectivity when used as sensing materials, suggesting that this is a generalizable synthetic strategy for preparing highly robust heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of applications.
Selective Modification of Hierarchical Pores and Surfaces in Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Tiemann Michael , Weinberger Christian
Published: October 2020

Tailor‐made ordered mesoporous materials bear great potential in numerous fields of application where large interfaces are required. However, the inherent surfacechemical properties of conventional materials, such as silica, carbon or organosilica, poses some limitations with respect to their application. Surface manipulation by functionalization with chemically more reactive groups is one way to improve materials for their desired purpose. Another approach is the design of high surface‐area composite materials. The surface manipulation, either by functionalization or by introducing guest species, can be performed selectively. This means that when several distinct, i.e. , hierarchical, types of surfaces or pore systems exist in a material, each of them may be chosen for manipulation. Several strategies can be identified to achieve this goal. Molecules or molecule assemblies can be utilized to temporarily protect pores or surfaces (soft protection), while manipulation occurs at the accessible sites. This approach is a recurring motive in this review and can also be applied to rigid template matrices (hard protection). Furthermore, the size of functionalization agents (size protection) and their reactivity/diffusion (kinetic protection) into the pores can also be utilized to achieve selectivity. In addition, challenges in the synthesis and characterization of selectively manipulated ordered mesoporous materials are discussed.
129Xe NMR on Porous Materials: Basic Principles and Recent Applications
Authors: Wisser Dorothea , Hartmann Martin
Published: October 2020

A large number of functional and catalytic materials exhibit porosity, often on different length scales and with a hierarchical structure. The assessment of pore sizes, pore geometry, and pore interconnectivity is complex and usually not feasible by classical spectroscopic and diffraction techniques. One of the most powerful methods to probe these parameters is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of xenon, which is introduced into the pore system. Adsorbed to the pore walls, it acts as probe nucleus. In this tutorial review, an introduction into the basic principles of 129Xe NMR spectroscopy and the models developed to determine pore sizes in different materials are given. The possibilities and limitations of this method for obtaining insights into hierarchical structures of functional materials are highlighted and a review of recent works is presented.
Ultralong and High‐Efficiency Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic‐Phosphors‐Doped Polymer Films Enhanced by 3D Network
Authors: Wu Bo , Guo Nini , Xu Xingtang , Xing Youmei , Shi Ke , Fang Weihua , Wang Guojie
Published: October 2020

Ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (URTP) is an attractive phenomenon in organic photonics. Polymer‐based URTP materials are superior alternatives to traditional inorganic or organometallic phosphors because of their unique transparency and flexibility. However, few URTP polymer films achieve room temperature phosphorescence lifetimes longer than 2 s and the polymer films with longer lifetimes show extremely low phosphorescence quantum yields (<2%). Herein, a reasonable strategy is proposed to simultaneously achieve ultralong room temperature phosphorescence lifetimes and high phosphorescence quantum yields in polymer films, based on the effective suppression of nonradiative decay of organic phosphors by dense 3D network. A record‐breaking 2.28 s ultralong phosphorescence lifetime and up to 8.35% phosphorescence quantum yield are realized simultaneously in the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)‐doped URTP polymer film fabricated by a simple doping method. The URTP can be excited by ultralow power UV light (5 µW cm−2) or only sunlight, which demonstrates the superb practicality of the polymer network films. In addition, it is noted that the film can still emit phosphorescence lasting 3 s at a temperature as high as 60 °C. A double encryption system is successfully developed based on the unique features of the URTP films.
Bi@Sn Core–Shell Structure with Compressive Strain Boosts the Electroreduction of CO2 into Formic Acid
Authors: Xing Yulin , Kong Xiangdong , Guo Xu , Liu Yan , Li Qiuyao , Zhang Yuzhe , Sheng Yelin , Yang Xupeng , Geng Zhigang , Zeng Jie
Published: October 2020

As a profitable product from CO2 electroreduction, HCOOH holds economic viability only when the selectivity is higher than 90% with current density (j) over −200.0 mA cm−2. Herein, Bi@Sn core–shell nanoparticles (Bi core and Sn shell, denoted as Bi@Sn NPs) are developed to boost the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction into HCOOH. In an H‐cell system with 0.5 m KHCO3 as electrolyte, Bi@Sn NPs exhibit a Faradaic efficiency for HCOOH (FEHCOOH) of 91% with partial j for HCOOH (jHCOOH) of −31.0 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The potential application of Bi@Sn NPs is testified via chronopotentiometric measurements in the flow‐cell system with 2.0 m KHCO3 electrolyte. Under this circumstance, Bi@Sn NPs achieve an FEHCOOH of 92% with an energy efficiency of 56% at steady‐state j of −250.0 mA cm−2. Theoretical studies indicate that the energy barrier of the potential‐limiting step for the formation of HCOOH is decreased owing to the compressive strain in the Sn shell, resulting in the enhanced catalytic performance.
Multiplatform Metabolomics Reveals Novel Serum Metabolite Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy Subjects
Authors: Xuan Qiuhui , Ouyang Yang , Wang Yanfeng , Wu Liang , Li Huating , Luo Yuanyuan , Zhao Xinjie , Feng Disheng , Qin Wangshu , Hu Chunxiu , Zhou Lina , Liu Xinyu , Zou Haidong , Cai Chun , Wu Jiarui , Jia Weiping , Xu Guowang
Published: October 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of vision loss or blindness in working age adults worldwide. The lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers for DR leads to unsatisfactory curative treatments. To define potential metabolite biomarkers for DR diagnosis, a multiplatform‐based metabolomics study is performed. In this study, a total of 905 subjects with diabetes without DR (NDR) and with DR at different clinical stages are recruited. Multiplatform metabolomics methods are used to characterize the serum metabolic profiles and to screen and validate the DR biomarkers. Based on the criteria p < 0.05 and false‐discovery rate < 0.05, 348 and 290 metabolites are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of DR and early‐stage DR, respectively. The biomarker panel consisting of 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12‐HETE) and 2‐piperidone exhibited better diagnostic performance than hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in differentiating DR from diabetes, with AUCs of 0.946 versus 0.691 and 0.928 versus 0.648 in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. In addition, this panel showed higher sensitivity in early‐stage DR detection than HbA1c. In conclusion, this multiplatform‐based metabolomics study comprehensively revealed the metabolic dysregulation associated with DR onset and progression. The defined biomarker panel can be used for detection of DR and early‐stage DR.
Photocatalysis‐Assisted Co3O4/g‐C3N4 p–n Junction All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors: A Bridge between Energy Storage and Photocatalysis
Authors: Bai Liqi , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Songge , Hao Lin , Zhang Zhili , Li Hongfen , Sun Li , Guo Lina , Huang Haitao , Zhang Yihe
Published: October 2020

Supercapacitors with the advantages of high power density and fast discharging rate have full applications in energy storage. However, the low energy density restricts their development. Conventional methods for improving energy density are mainly confined to doping atoms and hybridizing with other active materials. Herein, a Co3O4/g‐C3N4 p–n junction with excellent capacity is developed and its application in an all‐solid‐state flexible device is demonstrated, whose capacity and energy density are considerably enhanced by simulated solar light irradiation. Under photoirradiation, the capacity is increased by 70.6% at the maximum current density of 26.6 mA cm−2 and a power density of 16.0 kW kg−1. The energy density is enhanced from 7.5 to 12.9 Wh kg−1 with photoirradiation. The maximum energy density reaches 16.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 6.4 kW kg−1. It is uncovered that the lattice distortion of Co3O4, reduces defects of g‐C3N4, and the facilitated photo‐generated charge separation by the Co3O4/g‐C3N4 p–n junction all make contributions to the promoted electrochemical storage performance. This work may provide a new strategy to enhance the energy density of supercapacitors and expand the application range of photocatalytic materials.
Unveiling the Excited‐State Dynamics of Mn2+ in 0D Cs4PbCl6 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wei Jiaojiao , Gong Zhongliang , Huang Ping , Xu Jin , Li Renfu , Yu Shaohua , Cheng Xingwen , Zheng Wei , Chen Xueyuan
Published: October 2020

Doping is an effective strategy for tailoring the optical properties of 0D Cs4PbX6 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) and expanding their applications. Herein, a unique approach is reported for the controlled synthesis of pure‐phase Mn2+‐doped Cs4PbCl6 perovskite NCs and the excited‐state dynamics of Mn2+ is unveiled through temperature‐dependent steady‐state and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Because of the spatially confined 0D structure of Cs4PbCl6 perovskite, the NCs exhibit drastically different PL properties of Mn2+ in comparison with their 3D CsPbCl3 analogues, including significantly improved PL quantum yield in solid form (25.8%), unusually long PL lifetime (26.2 ms), large exciton binding energy, strong electron–phonon coupling strength, and an anomalous temperature evolution of Mn2+‐PL decay from a dominant slow decay (in tens of ms scale) at 300 K to a fast decay (in 1 ms scale) at 10 K. These findings provide fundamental insights into the excited‐state dynamics of Mn2+ in 0D Cs4PbCl6 NCs, thus laying a foundation for future design of 0D perovskite NCs through metal ion doping toward versatile applications.
Novel update of interventional strategies of vascular aging in humans
Authors: Qiu Yumin , Liu Yuanya , Liu Xiaoling , Tao Jun
Published: October 2020

China is the country with the largest elderly population in the world. Age‐related ischemic vascular disease is on a rapidly increasing trend and has brought a huge burden on the whole society. Vascular aging, characterized by vascular dysfunction and aging of the vasculature, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic vascular disease, morbidity, and mortality of the elderly. This review describes mechanisms and depicts the novel interventional strategies of vascular aging. We propose the significance of vascular aging for early detection, early prevention, and early treatment of age‐related ischemic disease and effective improvement of the quality of life in the elderly population. Finally, future directions to develop novel interventions targeting ischemic disease are presented to prevent age‐related vascular pathologies.
Preparation of novel hybrid nanomaterials based on LaFeO3 and phosphotungstic acid as a highly efficient magnetic photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue dye solution
Authors: Mahmoudi Farzaneh , Farhadi Saeed , Jarosova Marketa , Sillanpää Mika
Published: October 2020

Novel magnetic hybrid nanomaterials 1 (LaFeO3.Fe3O4@SiO2‐NH2/PW12) were synthesized by supporting phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40; PW12) on LaFeO3.Fe3O4 nanomaterials through sono‐assisted method. The synthesized nanomaterials were fully characterized by using FT‐IR, XRD, UV–vis, BET‐BJH, VSM, SEM, and TEM analyses. FT‐IR, XRD, and UV–vis confirmed successful synthesis of nanomaterials. The SEM and TEM images revealed spherical morphology with core‐shell structure for hybrid nanomaterials 1. VSM results confirmed the magnetic property of hybrid nanomaterials 1 and suggested it as easily recyclable photocatalyst for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity of hybrid nanomaterials 1 has been studied over the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) solution under UV–vis light irradiation. Importantly the hybrid nanomaterials 1 showed outstanding degradation efficiency for MB solution in comparison with bare LaFeO3.Fe3O4 and PW12. The photocatalytic activity was enhanced mainly due to the high efficiency in separation of electron–hole pairs induced by the remarkable synergistic effects of LaFeO3.Fe3O4 and PW12 semiconductors. After the photocatalytic reaction, the nanocomposite can be easily separated from the reaction solution and reused several times without loss of its photocatalytic activity. Trapping experiments indicated that hole (hVB+) and •OH radicals were the main reactive species for dye degradation in the present photocatalytic system. On the basis of the experimental results and estimated band gaps, the mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity was proposed.
A high toughness elastomer based on naturalEucommia ulmoidesgum
Authors: Qi Xin , Zhao Xin , Li Yongxin , Zhang Jichuan , Zhang Liqun , Yue Dongmei
Published: October 2020

Eucommia ulmoidesgum (EUG) is a kind of bio‐based polymer with similar structure to natural rubber (NR). However, it behaves as hard plastic at room temperature due to crystallization, which makes it not as widely used as NR. Herein, a new bio‐based elastomer (HEUG) was prepared by rhodium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of EUG for the first time.1H‐NMR and13C‐NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of HEUG, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction, polarizing light microscopy showed that the crystal was gradually destroyed in the hydrogenation process, finding that when the degree of hydrogenation is more than 16.5%, HEUG transformed from plastic to elastomer at room temperature. Besides, the Synchrotron Radiation experiment showed that HEUG with hydrogenation of 85.9% could be self‐reinforced by strain‐induced crystallization during stretching, which make it has excellent tensile strength and toughness (21.4 MPa and 68.1 MJ m−3, respectively). This new bio‐based elastomer has the potential to replace NR and has a wide application prospect in rubber industry.
Blockchain for supply chain performance and logistics management
Authors: Yang Juanjuan , Ma Xiuming , Crespo Rubén González , Martínez Oscar Sanjuán
Published: October 2020

The trend of digitalization uses modern relationship models across global supply chain (SC) management. The main objective of this article is to identify SC current problems with the help of the knowledge sharing aspect using blockchain technology. This article addresses selected problems for managing modern SCs with a view to shared knowledge based on information management, effects of product and service on the quality of information, effects of consumer demands occurrences on information flow, outsourcing and globalization, and emerging threats to SCs by concerned parties. These problems are classified as concerns of confidentiality and trust, which are unable to share information among SC stakeholders due to a lack of data standards. To address these problems, a hybridized probabilistic performance and logistics framework (HPP‐LF) has been developed that defines the validity of blockchain to help companies throughout the design and deployment of potential blockchain solutions to address the information sharing issues between SC stakeholders. The proposed HPP‐LF results are compared with the existing PMOS, MIP, UTAUT, and ILOG techniques. The experimental result shows that the proposed method has better performance when compared with other existing systems.
Separating Empty and Full Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus Particles Using Isocratic Anion Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Dickerson Ryan , Argento Christopher , Pieracci John , Bakhshayeshi Meisam
Published: October 2020

The development of recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) gene therapies is becoming an increasing priority in the biotherapeutic landscape. One of the challenges associated with the production of rAAV is the formation of empty AAV particles that do not contain a therapeutic gene. The concerns about the impact of empty particles on clinical safety and rAAV‐mediated gene expression have necessitated the development of purification processes to remove these species. The development of a robust and scalable purification process to separate empty and full AAV particles at large scale remains a challenge. In this study, a novel anion exchange chromatography process based on isocratic wash and elution steps to enrich full rAAV2 particles is presented. An operating design space is identified to ensure the robustness of the process. The isocratic chromatography provides several advantages over the traditional shallow linear gradient elution, including lower buffer consumption, smaller intermediate pool volumes, and more robust manufacturing.
Transforming data to information: A parallel hybrid model for real‐time state estimation in lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation
Authors: Cabaneros Lopez Pau , Udugama Isuru A. , Thomsen Sune T. , Roslander Christian , Junicke Helena , Iglesias Miguel M. , Gernaey Krist V.
Published: October 2020

Operating lignocellulosic fermentation processes to produce fuels and chemicals is challenging due to the inherent complexity and variability of the fermentation media. Real‐time monitoring is necessary to compensate for these challenges, but the traditional process monitoring methods fail to deliver actionable information that can be used to implement advanced control strategies. In this study, a hybrid‐modeling approach is presented to monitor cellulose‐to‐ethanol (EtOH) fermentations in real‐time. The hybrid approach uses a continuous‐discrete extended Kalman filter to reconciliate the predictions of a data‐driven model and a kinetic model and to estimate the concentration of glucose (Glu), xylose (Xyl), and EtOH. The data‐driven model is based on partial least squares (PLS) regression and predicts in real‐time the concentration of Glu, Xyl, and EtOH from spectra collected with attenuated total reflectance mid‐infrared spectroscopy. The estimations made by the hybrid approach, the data‐driven models and the internal model were compared in two validation experiments showing that the hybrid model significantly outperformed the PLS and improved the predictions of the internal model. Furthermore, the hybrid model delivered consistent estimates even when disturbances in the measurements occurred, demonstrating the robustness of the method. The consistency of the proposed hybrid model opens the doors towards the implementation of advanced feedback control schemes.