bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Current-Limiting-Capable Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter in Low-Voltage Network
Authors: Li Botong , Jia Jianfei , Xue Shimin
Published: September 2016

The three-phase four-leg inverter can produce balanced voltages even with unbalanced loads, yet its controller design is quite complicated. Based on the analysis on time domain equations, a decoupled sequence control strategy for the three-phase four-leg inverter in a low-voltage network is proposed. A negative sequence controller and a zero sequence controller are added to the control strategy besides the positive sequence controller. Furthermore, considering the output limit of the inverter, a current limit design scheme is raised through the analysis on each sequence current in synchronous rotating frame. In the case of asymmetry, the limit value of each sequence current can be adjusted dynamically according to the design scheme. The output currents in each sequence can be controlled and limited for different purposes respectively. Finally, simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC V4.5.0 verify the validity of the control strategy.
Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of the CBL-CIPK Networking System in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mao Jingjing , Manik S. , Shi Sujuan , Chao Jiangtao , Jin Yirong , Wang Qian , Liu Haobao
Published: September 2016

Calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) network is one of the vital regulatory mechanisms which decode calcium signals triggered by environmental stresses. Although the complicated regulation mechanisms and some novel functions of CBL-CIPK signaling network in plants need to be further elucidated, numerous advances have been made in its roles involved in the abiotic stresses. This review chiefly introduces the progresses about protein interaction, classification and expression pattern of different CBLs and CIPKs in Arabidopsis thaliana, summarizes the physiological roles of CBL-CIPK pathway while pointing out some new research ideas in the future, and finally presents some unique perspectives for the further study. The review might provide new insights into the functional characterization of CBL-CIPK pathway in Arabidopsis, and contribute to a deeper understanding of CBL-CIPK network in other plants or stresses.
Revisiting the Corticomotor Plasticity in Low Back Pain: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Massé-Alarie Hugo , Schneider Cyril
Published: September 2016

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a recurrent debilitating condition that costs billions to society. Refractoriness to conventional treatment, lack of improvement, and associated movement disorders could be related to the extensive brain plasticity present in this condition, especially in the sensorimotor cortices. This narrative review on corticomotor plasticity in CLBP will try to delineate how interventions such as training and neuromodulation can improve the condition. The review recommends subgrouping classification in CLBP owing to brain plasticity markers with a view of better understanding and treating this complex condition.
Public Health Impact and Economic Costs of Volkswagen’s Lack of Compliance with the United States’ Emission Standards
Authors: Hou Lifang , Zhang Kai , Luthin Moira , Baccarelli Andrea
Published: September 2016

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently issued a notice of violation against Volkswagen (VW) for installing a defective device in certain models of diesel cars to circumvent emission tests for nitrogen oxides (NOx). We quantified the health and economic impacts of extra NOx emissions attributable to non-compliant vehicles in the U.S. using the EPA’s Co-Benefits Risk Assessment model. We estimated that the total extra NOx emitted over one year of operation would result in 5 to 50 premature deaths, 687 to 17,526 work days with restricted activity, and economic costs of $43,479,189 to $423,268,502, based on various assumptions regarding emission scenarios and risks. This study highlights the potential impacts of VW vehicles’ lack of compliance on the health and well-being of the U.S. population.
Property Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity Evaluation of BiGdO3 Nanoparticles under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Luan Jingfei , Shen Yue , Zhang Lingyan , Guo Ningbin
Published: September 2016

BiGdO3 nanoparticles were prepared by a solid-state reaction method and applied in photocatalytic degradation of dyes in this study. BiGdO3 was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that BiGdO3 crystallized well with the fluorite-type structure, a face-centered cubic crystal system and a space group Fm3m 225. The lattice parameter of BiGdO3 was 5.465 angstrom. The band gap of BiGdO3 was estimated to be 2.25 eV. BiGdO3 showed a strong optical absorption during the visible light region. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of BiGdO3 was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of direct dyes in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. BiGdO3 demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity in degrading Direct Orange 26 (DO-26) or Direct Red 23 (DR-23) under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of DO-26 or DR-23 followed the first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.0046 or 0.0023 min−1 with BiGdO3 as catalyst. The degradation intermediates of DO-26 were observed and the possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of DO-26 under visible light irradiation was provided. The effect of various operational parameters on the photocatalytic activity and the stability of BiGdO3 particles were also discussed in detail. BiGdO3/(visible light) photocatalysis system was confirmed to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment.
Analysis of Large Seeds from Three Different Medicago truncatula Ecotypes Reveals a Potential Role of Hormonal Balance in Final Size Determination of Legume Grains
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Kaustav , Uluçay Orhan , Şakiroğlu Muhammet , Udvardi Michael , Verdier Jerome
Published: September 2016

Legume seeds are important as protein and oil source for human diet. Understanding how their final seed size is determined is crucial to improve crop yield. In this study, we analyzed seed development of three accessions of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, displaying contrasted seed size. By comparing two large seed accessions to the reference accession A17, we described mechanisms associated with large seed size determination and potential factors modulating the final seed size. We observed that early events during embryogenesis had a major impact on final seed size and a delayed heart stage embryo development resulted to large seeds. We also observed that the difference in seed growth rate was mainly due to a difference in embryo cell number, implicating a role of cell division rate. Large seed accessions could be explained by an extended period of cell division due to a longer embryogenesis phase. According to our observations and recent reports, we observed that auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) ratio could be a key determinant of cell division regulation at the end of embryogenesis. Overall, our study highlights that timing of events occurring during early seed development play decisive role for final seed size determination.
Pharmacogenomics in Pediatric Oncology: Review of Gene—Drug Associations for Clinical Use
Authors: Mlakar Vid , Huezo-Diaz Curtis Patricia , Satyanarayana Uppugunduri Chakradhara , Krajinovic Maja , Ansari Marc
Published: September 2016

During the 3rd congress of the European Society of Pharmacogenomics and Personalised Therapy (ESPT) in Budapest in 2015, a preliminary meeting was held aimed at establishing a pediatric individualized treatment in oncology and hematology committees. The main purpose was to facilitate the transfer and harmonization of pharmacogenetic testing from research into clinics, to bring together basic and translational research and to educate health professionals throughout Europe. The objective of this review was to provide the attendees of the meeting as well as the larger scientific community an insight into the compiled evidence regarding current pharmacogenomics knowledge in pediatric oncology. This preliminary evaluation will help steer the committee’s work and should give the reader an idea at which stage researchers and clinicians are, in terms of personalizing medicine for children with cancer. From the evidence presented here, future recommendations to achieve this goal will also be suggested.
Experimental Dissection of Metalloproteinase Inhibition-Mediated and Toxic Effects of Phenanthroline on Zebrafish Development
Authors: Ellis Tonya , Crawford Bryan
Published: September 2016

Metalloproteinases are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that function as primary effectors of tissue remodeling, cell-signaling, and many other roles. Their regulation is ferociously complex, and is exquisitely sensitive to their molecular milieu, making in vivo studies challenging. Phenanthroline (PhN) is an inexpensive, broad-spectrum inhibitor of metalloproteinases that functions by chelating the catalytic zinc ion, however its use in vivo has been limited due to suspected off-target effects. PhN is very similar in structure to phenanthrene (PhE), a well-studied poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) known to cause toxicity in aquatic animals by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We show that zebrafish are more sensitive to PhN than PhE, and that PhN causes a superset of the effects caused by PhE. Morpholino knock-down of the AhR rescues the effects of PhN that are shared with PhE, suggesting these are due to PAH toxicity. The effects of PhN that are not shared with PhE (specifically disruption of neural crest development and angiogenesis) involve processes known to depend on metalloproteinase activity. Furthermore these PhN-specific effects are not rescued by AhR knock-down, suggesting that these are bona fide effects of metalloproteinase inhibition, and that PhN can be used as a broad spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor for studies with zebrafish in vivo.
Development of Novel Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Al-Hujaily Ensaf , Oldham Robyn , Hari Parameswaran , Medin Jeffrey
Published: September 2016

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disorder of terminally differentiated plasma cells characterized by clonal expansion in the bone marrow (BM). It is the second-most common hematologic malignancy. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies, MM remains a predominantly incurable disease emphasizing the need for the development of new treatment regimens. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment modality to circumvent challenges in the management of MM. Many novel immunotherapy strategies, such as adoptive cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies, are currently under investigation in clinical trials, with some already demonstrating a positive impact on patient survival. In this review, we will summarize the current standards of care and discuss major new approaches in immunotherapy for MM.
Secondary Metabolites of the Endophytic Fungus Lachnum abnorme from Ardisia cornudentata
Authors: Chang Hsun-Shuo , Lin Chu-Hung , Chen Yi-Shuan , Wang Hui-Chun , Chan Hing-Yuen , Hsieh Sung-Yuan , Wu Ho-Cheng , Cheng Ming-Jen , Yuan Gwo-Fang , Lin Shan-Yu , Lin Yue-Jin , Chen Ih-Sheng
Published: September 2016

Fractionation of an EtOAc-soluble fraction of the solid fermentate of an endophytic fungus, Lachnum abnorme Mont. BCRC 09F0006, derived from the endemic plant, Ardisia cornudentata Mez. (Myrsinaceae), resulted in the isolation of three new chromones, lachnochromonins D–F (1–3), one novel compound, lachabnormic acid (4), along with nine known compounds (5–13). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Alternariol-3,9-dimethyl ether (6) was given the correct data as well as 2D spectral analyses for the first time. This is the first report of the isolation of one unprecedented compound 4 from Lachnum genus, while all known compounds were also found for the first time from Lachnum. The effects of some isolates (3, 4, 7–9, 10, and 13) on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were also evaluated. Several compounds exhibited weak inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Hedgehog: A Key Signaling in the Development of the Oligodendrocyte Lineage
Authors: Traiffort Elisabeth , Zakaria Mary , Laouarem Yousra , Ferent Julien
Published: September 2016

The Hedgehog morphogen aroused an enormous interest since it was characterized as an essential signal for ventral patterning of the spinal cord two decades ago. The pathway is notably implicated in the initial appearance of the progenitors of oligodendrocytes (OPCs), the glial cells of the central nervous system which after maturation are responsible for axon myelination. In accordance with the requirement for Hedgehog signaling in ventral patterning, the earliest identifiable cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage are derived from the ventral ventricular zone of the developing spinal cord and brain. Here, we present the current knowledge about the involvement of Hedgehog signaling in the strict spatial and temporal regulation which characterizes the initiation and progression of the oligodendrocyte lineage. We notably describe the ability of the Hedgehog signaling to tightly orchestrate the appearance of specific combinations of genes in concert with other pathways. We document the molecular mechanisms controlling Hedgehog temporal activity during OPC specification. The contribution of the pathway to aspects of OPC development different from their specification is also highlighted especially in the optic nerve. Finally, we report the data demonstrating that Hedgehog signaling-dependency is not a universal situation for oligodendrocyte generation as evidenced in the dorsal spinal cord in contrast to the dorsal forebrain.
Functional Annotations of Paralogs: A Blessing and a Curse
Authors: Zallot Rémi , Harrison Katherine , Kolaczkowski Bryan , De Crécy-Lagard Valérie
Published: September 2016

Gene duplication followed by mutation is a classic mechanism of neofunctionalization, producing gene families with functional diversity. In some cases, a single point mutation is sufficient to change the substrate specificity and/or the chemistry performed by an enzyme, making it difficult to accurately separate enzymes with identical functions from homologs with different functions. Because sequence similarity is often used as a basis for assigning functional annotations to genes, non-isofunctional gene families pose a great challenge for genome annotation pipelines. Here we describe how integrating evolutionary and functional information such as genome context, phylogeny, metabolic reconstruction and signature motifs may be required to correctly annotate multifunctional families. These integrative analyses can also lead to the discovery of novel gene functions, as hints from specific subgroups can guide the functional characterization of other members of the family. We demonstrate how careful manual curation processes using comparative genomics can disambiguate subgroups within large multifunctional families and discover their functions. We present the COG0720 protein family as a case study. We also discuss strategies to automate this process to improve the accuracy of genome functional annotation pipelines.
Influence of the Conditioning Method for Pre-Sintered Zirconia on the Shear Bond Strength of Bilayered Porcelain/Zirconia
Authors: Spintzyk Sebastian , Yamaguchi Kikue , Sawada Tomofumi , Schille Christine , Schweizer Ernst , Ozeki Masahiko , Geis-Gerstorfer Jürgen
Published: September 2016

This study evaluated the bond strength of veneering porcelain with an experimental conditioner-coated zirconia. Pre-sintered Y-TZP specimens (n = 44) were divided in two groups based on conditioning type. After sintering, all sample surfaces were sandblasted and layered with veneering porcelain. Additionally, half of the specimens in each group underwent thermal cycling (10,000 cycles, 5–55 °C), and all shear bond strengths were measured. After testing, the failure mode of each fractured specimen was determined. Differences were tested by parametric and Fisher’s exact tests (α = 0.05). The differences in bond strength were not statistically significant. Adhesive fractures were dominantly observed for the non-thermal cycled specimens. After thermal cycling, the conditioner-coated group showed cohesive and mixed fractures (p = 0.0021), whereas the uncoated group showed more adhesive fractures (p = 0.0021). Conditioning of the pre-sintered Y-TZP did not change the shear bond strength of the veneering porcelain, but did improve the failure mode after thermal cycling.
The Synthesis of LiMnxFe1−xPO4/C Cathode Material through Solvothermal Jointed with Solid-State Reaction
Authors: He Xiangming , Wang Jixian , Dai Zhongjia , Wang Li , Tian Guangyu
Published: September 2016

LiMnxFe1−xPO4/C material has been synthesized through a facile solid-state reaction under the condition of carbon coating, using solvothermal-prepared LiMnPO4 and LiFePO4 as precursors and sucrose as a carbon resource. XRD and element distribution analysis reveal completed solid-state reaction of precursors. LiMnxFe1−xPO4/C composites inherit the morphology of precursors after heat treatment without obvious agglomeration and size increase. LiMnxFe1−xPO4 solid solution forms at low temperature around 350 °C, and Mn2+/Fe2+ diffuse completely within 1 h at 650 °C. The LiMnxFe1−xPO4/C (x < 0.8) composite exhibits a high-discharge capacity of over 120 mAh·g−1 (500 Wh·kg−1) at low C-rates. This paves a way to synthesize the crystal-optimized LiMnxFe1−xPO4/C materials for high performance Li-ion batteries.
Aging Behaviour and Mechanical Performance of 18-Ni 300 Steel Processed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Casati Riccardo , Lemke Jannis , Tuissi Ausonio , Vedani Maurizio
Published: September 2016

An 18-Ni 300 grade maraging steel was processed by selective laser melting and an investigation was carried out on microstructural and mechanical behaviour as a function of aging condition. Owing to the rapid cooling rate, the as-built alloy featured a full potential for precipitate strengthening, without the need of a solution treatment prior to aging. The amount of reversed austenite found in the microstructure increased after aging and revealed to depend on aging temperature and time. Similarly to the corresponding wrought counterpart, also in the selective laser-melted 18-Ni 300 alloy, aging promoted a dramatic increase in strength with respect to the as-built condition and a drop in tensile ductility. No systematic changes were found in tensile properties as a function of measured amount of austenite. It is proposed that the submicrometric structure and the phase distribution inherited by the rapid solidification condition brought by selective laser melting are such that changes in tensile strength and ductility are mainly governed by the effects brought by the strengthening precipitates, whereas the concurrent reversion of the γ-Fe phase in different amounts seems to play a minor role.
Bioprinting and Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Irvine Scott , Venkatraman Subbu
Published: September 2016

The 3D bioprinting of stem cells directly into scaffolds offers great potential for the development of regenerative therapies; in particular for the fabrication of organ and tissue substitutes. For this to be achieved; the lineage fate of bioprinted stem cell must be controllable. Bioprinting can be neutral; allowing culture conditions to trigger differentiation or alternatively; the technique can be designed to be stimulatory. Such factors as the particular bioprinting technique; bioink polymers; polymer cross-linking mechanism; bioink additives; and mechanical properties are considered. In addition; it is discussed that the stimulation of stem cell differentiation by bioprinting may lead to the remodeling and modification of the scaffold over time matching the concept of 4D bioprinting. The ability to tune bioprinting properties as an approach to fabricate stem cell bearing scaffolds and to also harness the benefits of the cells multipotency is of considerable relevance to the field of biomaterials and bioengineering.
LC-MS Supported Studies on the in Vitro Metabolism of both Enantiomers of Flubatine and the in Vivo Metabolism of (+)-[18F]Flubatine—A Positron Emission Tomography Radioligand for Imaging α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Ludwig Friedrich-Alexander , Smits René , Fischer Steffen , Donat Cornelius , Hoepping Alexander , Brust Peter , Steinbach Jörg
Published: September 2016

Both enantiomers of [18F]flubatine are promising radioligands for neuroimaging of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by positron emission tomography (PET). To support clinical studies in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease, a detailed examination of the metabolism in vitro and in vivo has been performed. (+)- and (−)-flubatine, respectively, were incubated with liver microsomes from mouse and human in the presence of NADPH (β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt). Phase I in vitro metabolites were detected and their structures elucidated by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Selected metabolite candidates were synthesized and investigated for structural confirmation. Besides a high level of in vitro stability, the microsomal incubations revealed some species differences as well as enantiomer discrimination with regard to the formation of monohydroxylated products, which was identified as the main metabolic pathway in this assay. Furthermore, after injection of 250 MBq (+)-[18F]flubatine (specific activity > 350 GBq/μmol) into mouse, samples were prepared from brain, liver, plasma, and urine after 30 min and investigated by radio-HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography with radioactivity detection). For structure elucidation of the radiometabolites of (+)-[18F]flubatine formed in vivo, identical chromatographic conditions were applied to LC-MS/MS and radio-HPLC to compare samples obtained in vitro and in vivo. By this correlation approach, we assigned three of four main in vivo radiometabolites to products that are exclusively C- or N-hydroxylated at the azabicyclic ring system of the parent molecule.
Identification of Abiotic Stress Protein Biomarkers by Proteomic Screening of Crop Cultivar Diversity
Authors: Barkla Bronwyn
Published: September 2016

Modern day agriculture practice is narrowing the genetic diversity in our food supply. This may compromise the ability to obtain high yield under extreme climactic conditions, threatening food security for a rapidly growing world population. To identify genetic diversity, tolerance mechanisms of cultivars, landraces and wild relatives of major crops can be identified and ultimately exploited for yield improvement. Quantitative proteomics allows for the identification of proteins that may contribute to tolerance mechanisms by directly comparing protein abundance under stress conditions between genotypes differing in their stress responses. In this review, a summary is provided of the data accumulated from quantitative proteomic comparisons of crop genotypes/cultivars which present different stress tolerance responses when exposed to various abiotic stress conditions, including drought, salinity, high/low temperature, nutrient deficiency and UV-B irradiation. This field of research aims to identify molecular features that can be developed as biomarkers for crop improvement, however without accurate phenotyping, careful experimental design, statistical robustness and appropriate biomarker validation and verification it will be challenging to deliver what is promised.
An Indoor Pedestrian Positioning Method Using HMM with a Fuzzy Pattern Recognition Algorithm in a WLAN Fingerprint System
Authors: Ni Yepeng , Liu Jianbo , Liu Shan , Bai Yaxin
Published: September 2016

With the rapid development of smartphones and wireless networks, indoor location-based services have become more and more prevalent. Due to the sophisticated propagation of radio signals, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) shows a significant variation during pedestrian walking, which introduces critical errors in deterministic indoor positioning. To solve this problem, we present a novel method to improve the indoor pedestrian positioning accuracy by embedding a fuzzy pattern recognition algorithm into a Hidden Markov Model. The fuzzy pattern recognition algorithm follows the rule that the RSSI fading has a positive correlation to the distance between the measuring point and the AP location even during a dynamic positioning measurement. Through this algorithm, we use the RSSI variation trend to replace the specific RSSI value to achieve a fuzzy positioning. The transition probability of the Hidden Markov Model is trained by the fuzzy pattern recognition algorithm with pedestrian trajectories. Using the Viterbi algorithm with the trained model, we can obtain a set of hidden location states. In our experiments, we demonstrate that, compared with the deterministic pattern matching algorithm, our method can greatly improve the positioning accuracy and shows robust environmental adaptability.
Real-Time Tracking Framework with Adaptive Features and Constrained Labels
Authors: Li Daqun , Xu Tingfa , Chen Shuoyang , Zhang Jizhou , Jiang Shenwang
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a novel tracking framework with adaptive features and constrained labels (AFCL) to handle illumination variation, occlusion and appearance changes caused by the variation of positions. The novel ensemble classifier, including the Forward–Backward error and the location constraint is applied, to get the precise coordinates of the promising bounding boxes. The Forward–Backward error can enhance the adaptation and accuracy of the binary features, whereas the location constraint can overcome the label noise to a certain degree. We use the combiner which can evaluate the online templates and the outputs of the classifier to accommodate the complex situation. Evaluation of the widely used tracking benchmark shows that the proposed framework can significantly improve the tracking accuracy, and thus reduce the processing time. The proposed framework has been tested and implemented on the embedded system using TMS320C6416 and Cyclone Ⅲ kernel processors. The outputs show that achievable and satisfying results can be obtained.
Experimental Study on Rebar Corrosion Using the Galvanic Sensor Combined with the Electronic Resistance Technique
Authors: Xu Yunze , Li Kaiqiang , Liu Liang , Yang Lujia , Wang Xiaona , Huang Yi
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a new kind of carbon steel (CS) and stainless steel (SS) galvanic sensor system was developed for the study of rebar corrosion in different pore solution conditions. Through the special design of the CS and SS electronic coupons, the electronic resistance (ER) method and zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) technique were used simultaneously for the measurement of both the galvanic current and the corrosion depth. The corrosion processes in different solution conditions were also studied by linear polarization resistance (LPR) and the measurements of polarization curves. The test result shows that the galvanic current noise can provide detailed information of the corrosion processes. When localized corrosion occurs, the corrosion rate measured by the ER method is lower than the real corrosion rate. However, the value measured by the LPR method is higher than the real corrosion rate. The galvanic current and the corrosion current measured by the LPR method shows linear correlation in chloride-containing saturated Ca(OH)2 solution. The relationship between the corrosion current differences measured by the CS electronic coupons and the galvanic current between the CS and SS electronic coupons can also be used to evaluate the localized corrosion in reinforced concrete.
RSS-Based Method for Sensor Localization with Unknown Transmit Power and Uncertainty in Path Loss Exponent
Authors: Huang Jiyan , Liu Peng , Lin Wei , Gui Guan
Published: September 2016

The localization of a sensor in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has now gained considerable attention. Since the transmit power and path loss exponent (PLE) are two critical parameters in the received signal strength (RSS) localization technique, many RSS-based location methods, considering the case that both the transmit power and PLE are unknown, have been proposed in the literature. However, these methods require a search process, and cannot give a closed-form solution to sensor localization. In this paper, a novel RSS localization method with a closed-form solution based on a two-step weighted least squares estimator is proposed for the case with the unknown transmit power and uncertainty in PLE. Furthermore, the complete performance analysis of the proposed method is given in the paper. Both the theoretical variance and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) are derived. The relationships between the deterministic CRLB and the proposed stochastic CRLB are presented. The paper also proves that the proposed method can reach the stochastic CRLB.
Channel-Based Key Generation for Encrypted Body-Worn Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Van Torre Patrick
Published: September 2016

Body-worn sensor networks are important for rescue-workers, medical and many other applications. Sensitive data are often transmitted over such a network, motivating the need for encryption. Body-worn sensor networks are deployed in conditions where the wireless communication channel varies dramatically due to fading and shadowing, which is considered a disadvantage for communication. Interestingly, these channel variations can be employed to extract a common encryption key at both sides of the link. Legitimate users share a unique physical channel and the variations thereof provide data series on both sides of the link, with highly correlated values. An eavesdropper, however, does not share this physical channel and cannot extract the same information when intercepting the signals. This paper documents a practical wearable communication system implementing channel-based key generation, including an implementation and a measurement campaign comprising indoor as well as outdoor measurements. The results provide insight into the performance of channel-based key generation in realistic practical conditions. Employing a process known as key reconciliation, error free keys are generated in all tested scenarios. The key-generation system is computationally simple and therefore compatible with the low-power micro controllers and low-data rate transmissions commonly used in wireless sensor networks.
“Activated, but Stuck”: Applying a Critical Occupational Lens to Examine the Negotiation of Long-Term Unemployment in Contemporary Socio-Political Contexts
Authors: Laliberte Rudman Debbie , Aldrich Rebecca
Published: September 2016

Background: Solutions for the problem of long-term unemployment are increasingly shaped by neoliberally-informed logics of activation and austerity. Because the implications of these governing frameworks for everyday life are not well understood, this pilot study applied a critical occupational science perspective to understand how long-term unemployment is negotiated within contemporary North American socio-political contexts. This perspective highlights the implications of policy and employment service re-configurations for the range of activities that constitute everyday life. Methods: Using a collaborative ethnographic community-engaged research approach, we recruited eight people in Canada and the United States who self-identified as experiencing long-term unemployment. We analyzed interviews and observation notes concerning four participants in each context using open coding, critical discourse analysis, and situational analysis. Results: This pilot study revealed a key contradiction in participants’ lives: being “activated, but stuck”. This contradiction resulted from the tension between individualizing, homogenizing frames of unemployment and complex, socio-politically shaped lived experiences. Analysis of this tension revealed how participants saw themselves “doing all the right things” to become re-employed, yet still remained stuck across occupational arenas. Conclusion: This pilot study illustrates the importance of understanding how socio-political solutions to long-term unemployment impact daily life and occupational engagement beyond the realm of job seeking and job acquisition.
State-Society Relations in Ethiopia: A Political-Economy Perspective of the Post-1991 Order
Authors: Bekele Yeshtila , Kjosavik Darley , Shanmugaratnam Nadarajah
Published: September 2016

This article analyses state-society relations in Ethiopia with particular emphasis on the post-1991 period. The objective of the study is to identify and analyse the fundamental factors of state-society relations at the national level: property rights, political representation, and the urban-rural elite cleavage. The article views state-society relations at the local level with reference to perception and practice, taking into account symbols, social control, ability to make decisions and control over the means of violence. The study was conducted in eight purposively selected localities in three administrative regions in Ethiopia. The empirical data was collected at national and local levels using key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and a household survey. The analysis shows that state-society relations in Ethiopia are driven by three major factors: property rights, political representations and the urban-rural divide.
OUTFLOW DETECTION IN A 70 μm DARK HIGH-MASS CORE
Authors: Feng Siyi 冯思轶 , Beuther Henrik , Zhang Qizhou , Liu Hauyu Baobab 包包 , Zhang Zhiyu 张智昱 , Wang Ke 王科 , Qiu Keping
Published: September 2016

We present observations toward a high-mass (

), low-luminosity (

)

dark molecular core G28.34 S-A at 3.4 mm, using the IRAM 30 m telescope and the NOEMA interferometer. We report the detection of

line emission, which is spatially resolved in this source at a linear resolution of ∼0.1 pc, while the 3.4 mm continuum image does not resolve any internal sub-structures. The SiO emission exhibits two W–E oriented lobes centering on the continuum peak. Corresponding to the redshifted and blueshifted gas with velocities up to

relative to the quiescent cloud, these lobes clearly indicate the presence of a strong bipolar outflow from this

dark core, a source previously considered as one of the best candidates of “starless” core. Our SiO detection is consistent with ALMA archival data of

, whose high-velocity blueshifted gas reveals a more compact lobe spatially closer to the dust center. This outflow indicates that the central source may be in an early evolutionary stage of forming a high-mass protostar. We also find that the low-velocity components (in the range of

) have an extended, NW–SE oriented distribution. Discussing the possible accretion scenarios of the outflow-powering young stellar object, we argue that molecular line emission and the molecular outflows may provide a better indication of the accretion history of the forming young stellar object, than snapshot observations of the present bolometric luminosity. This is particularly significant for cases of episodic accretion, which may occur during the collapse of the parent molecular core.
THE PHYSICAL MECHANISM BEHIND M DWARF METALLICITY INDICATORS AND THE ROLE OF C AND O ABUNDANCES
Authors: Veyette Mark J. , Muirhead Philip S. , Mann Andrew W. , Allard France
Published: September 2016

We present near-infrared (NIR) synthetic spectra based on PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models of typical early and mid-M dwarfs with varied C and O abundances. We apply multiple recently published methods for determining M dwarf metallicity to our models to determine the effects of C and O abundances on metallicity indicators. We find that the pseudo-continuum level is very sensitive to C/O and that all metallicity indicators show a dependence on C and O abundances, especially in lower T
eff models. In some cases, the inferred metallicity ranges over a full order of magnitude (>1 dex) when [C/Fe] and [O/Fe] are varied independently by ±0.2. We also find that [(O−C)/Fe], the difference in O and C abundances, is a better tracer of the pseudo-continuum level than C/O. Models of mid-M dwarfs with [C/Fe], [O/Fe], and [M/H] that are realistic in the context of galactic chemical evolution suggest that variation in [(O−C)/Fe] is the primary physical mechanism behind the M dwarf metallicity tracers investigated here. Empirically calibrated metallicity indicators are still valid for most nearby M dwarfs due to the tight correlation between [(O−C)/Fe] and [Fe/H] evident in spectroscopic surveys of solar neighborhood FGK stars. Variations in C and O abundances also affect the spectral energy distribution of M dwarfs. Allowing [O/Fe] to be a free parameter provides better agreement between the synthetic spectra and observed spectra of metal-rich M dwarfs. We suggest that flux-calibrated, low-resolution, NIR spectra can provide a path toward measuring C and O abundances in M dwarfs and breaking the degeneracy between C/O and [Fe/H] present in M dwarf metallicity indicators.
ASASSN-16ae: A POWERFUL WHITE-LIGHT FLARE ON AN EARLY-L DWARF
Authors: Schmidt Sarah J. , Shappee Benjamin J. , Gagné Jonathan , Stanek K. Z. , Prieto José L. , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Kochanek C. S. , Chomiuk Laura , Dong Subo , Seibert Mark , Strader Jay
Published: September 2016

We report the discovery and classification of SDSS J053341.43+001434.1 (SDSS0533), an early-L dwarf first discovered during a powerful ΔV < −11 magnitude flare observed as part of the ASAS-SN survey. Optical and infrared spectroscopy indicate a spectral type of L0 with strong Hα emission and a blue NIR spectral slope. Combining the photometric distance, proper motion, and radial velocity of SDSS0533 yields three-dimensional velocities of (U, V, W) = (14 ± 13, −35 ± 14, −94 ± 22) km s−1, indicating that it is most likely part of the thick disk population and probably old. The three detections of SDSS0533 obtained during the flare are consistent with a total V-band flare energy of at least 4.9 × 1033 erg (corresponding to a total thermal energy of at least E
tot > 3.7 × 1034 erg), placing it among the strongest detected M dwarf flares. The presence of this powerful flare on an old L0 dwarf may indicate that stellar-type magnetic activity persists down to the end of the main sequence and on older ML transition dwarfs.
Concerns Over Divergent Approaches in the Diagnostics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Vermetten Eric , Baker Dewleen G. , Jetly Rakesh , McFarlane Alexander C.
Published: September 2016

Since the inception of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
third edition (
DSM-III
), there has been an ongoing polemic debate about the veracity, assessment, neurobiology, and longitudinal course of the disorder. As a consequence, its clinical utility has been the subject of a significant amount of conflicting opinion due to the competing interests involving clinicians, insurance companies, victim's groups, and governments. This article reviews some of the current divergent approaches in the diagnosis of PTSD, including the debate on the condition itself, claims that it is overdiagnosed, the usefulness of the “A” criterion, equivalence of cluster criteria, the role of combat and civilian PTSD, the role of biomarkers, incongruences in diagnostic practice, and the need for a consistent approach that ensures diagnostic congruence. Critical drivers of divergent diagnostic systems are that they should not produce significantly different rates or produce high levels of discordance. However, one of the concerns is that the anticipated
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
, eleventh edition (
ICD-11
) has moved away from this primary aim and taken a markedly divergent approach that is incompatible with the advancement of consensus within this critical field. This article explores some of the primary arguments and evidence cited for this approach in
ICD-11
and recent changes in
DSM-5
.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(9):498–509.]
State-of-the-Art Prevention and Treatment of PTSD: Pharmacotherapy, Psychotherapy, and Nonpharmacological Somatic Therapies
Authors: Westfall Nils C. , Nemeroff Charles B.
Published: September 2016

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a distressing and disabling disease of great public health significance that is often associated with substantial psychiatric and medical comorbidity. It commonly goes unreported and untreated and many cases become chronic in course. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients with chronic PTSD achieves remission. Indeed, it is unusual for patients with PTSD to achieve complete symptom remission after receiving monotherapy with medications or psychotherapy. However, great advances in the prevention and treatment of PTSD have been made in the last quarter century since it was first recognized as a distinct diagnostic entity in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, third edition. This article discusses the current state-of-the-art prevention and treatment interventions for PTSD, including pharmacotherapies, psychotherapies, and nonpharmacological somatic treatments in active duty military personnel and veterans, adult civilians, and children and adolescents.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(9):533–549.]
Bloque de viviendas, en Madrid
Authors: Muñoz Monasterio M.
Published: September 2016

En el nuevo barrio madrileño surgido en las inmediaciones de la prolongación de la Castellana se eleva este bloque de viviendas, frente al fondo sur del Estadio del Real Madrid, obra proyectada por el mismo arquitecto y con cuyas torres armoniza el bloque alto que preside su composición de volumen.
Edificios Vermont, Ginebra. Torre Vermont
Authors: Bordigoni A. , Gros J. , De Saussure A. , Fleury R.
Published: September 2016

La Compañía Inmobiliaria Vermont ha construido dos edificios —Torre Vermont y Vermont Parc— formando una unidad articulada. Su edificación obedece al plan general de habilitación de un nuevo barrio de diez mil habitantes, emplazado en el sector del Petit-Saconnex, de la ciudad de Ginebra, constituyendo el enlace urbano y verde entre el centro de la ciudad y el barrio internacional de la O.N.U.
Torre de televisión, Stuttgart
Authors: Leonhardt F.
Published: September 2016

Descripción general y estudio estático de la torre de televisión, construida en Stuttgart, de unos 310 m de altura total —antena metálica incluida— y provista de una especie de tronco de cono invertido, de mayor diámetro medio que el del fuste de la torre que, situado en la parte superior de la torre entre los 138 y 150 m de altura respecto al suelo, se ha subdividido, en altura, formando cuatro plantas, en las que se han alojado los servicies y un restaurante. Por encima de este cuerpo superior troncocónico se ha construido una terraza para poder disfrutar de espléndidas vistas panorámicas. La torre propiamente dicha tiene 10,8 m de diámetro en la base y 5,04 m en la parte superior, con una altura de 138 m entre estas dos secciones extremas.
La factoría de Barros (La Felguera) de la Sociedad Ibérica del Nitrógeno
Authors: Fernández Casado C.
Published: September 2016

La Sociedad Ibérica del Nitrógeno inició sus instalaciones de La Felguera en el año 1923, utilizando un terreno delimitado por la línea del ferrocarril, la factoría de Duro Felguera y las explotaciones mineras inmediatas. Al agotar las posibilidades de este solar, por sucesivas ampliaciones, decidió trasladarse a una zona despejada, fuera de la aglomeración urbana e industrial, donde poder desarrollar sin trabas una nueva factoría más importante que la primitiva.
Grandes cocinas
Authors: García de Castro Emilio , Laorden José
Published: September 2016

Se describen en este artículo una serie de aparatos para grandes cocinas, vistos por los autores durante un rápido viaje por Alemania. Aprovechando los datos obtenidos se analizan brevemente las necesidades de una gran cocina moderna, comentando los planos de las instalaciones en varios hoteles o instituciones de todo el mundo. La mayoría de la información.
Centro de estadística, Wiesbaden
Authors: Schaeffer-Heyrothsberge P. , Heier - Mühlert y Novodny Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

Este proyecto fue seleccionado, como resultado de un concurso convocado por el Ministerio de Hacienda, entre todos los presentados por famosos arquitectos de Alemania Occidental. La ciudad de Wiesbaden puso a disposición del Gobierno, para la construcción del Centro, un amplio solar situado en la parte meridional, a lo largo de la calle de Gustav Stressemannering, arteria principal de comunicación entre el ferrocarril y la carretera de Frankfort.
Casa Sindical, Madrid
Authors: Cabrero Francisco , Aburto Rafael
Published: September 2016

El nuevo edificio, sede de la Casa Sindical de Madrid, constituye un ejemplo aleccionador del esfuerzo realizado por la arquitectura actual española por renovar las teorías arquitectónicas de composición y construcción, tan aferradas aún a los viejos métodos, sobre todo en las obras monumentales y estatales.
Capilla de un cementerio. Allschwil – Suiza
Authors: Wurster y Huggel Arquitectos
Published: September 2016

El proyecto de un cementerio y las edificaciones que le son anejas presenta siempre el triple aspecto de conseguir un conjunto recogido, silencioso y digno, pero no tiene por qué revestirse de tristeza excesiva. Es un lugar de reposo, de descanso eterno, pero también es un sitio de visita, de recuerdo..., que será tanto más frecuentado cuanto más se rodee el ambiente de un gusto refinado, de una jardinería ambiental y acertadamente dispuesta, de una sensación grata de paz y tranquilidad, sin gravedades, totalmente innecesarias, que opriman y acongojen al que busca en sus "calles", en "aquel sitio determinado", su rato de consuelo y comunicación espiritual con el ser querido cuyas cenizas reposan allí.
Centro comercial en Detroit
Authors: Gruen Victor
Published: September 2016

Parece que la vida ha cambiado su ritmo. Antes, los habitantes de los pueblos se dirigían a la ciudad para vender productos o realizar sus compras; actualmente, se tiende a descongestionar los grandes núcleos urbanos, desplazando los centros comerciales —con sus aglomeraciones consiguientes— hacia lugares abiertos y despejados con posibilidad de estacionamiento. Durante cientos de años la ciudad era el centro del comercio, de la administración, de los oficios, de la vida espiritual... Hoy, en la época de la técnica, se ha convertido en foco industrial. El crecimiento de las ciudades es tan grande y rápido que aparecen serias dificultades de tráfico y perjuicios notables en higiene, economía pública, comportamiento cívico...
Iglesia en Vitinia-Roma
Authors: Avetta Ildo
Published: September 2016

A catorce kilómetros de Roma, al lado de la vía Ostiense, ha surgido, durante la postguerra, un arrabal "satélite" de la capital, formado por pequeñas casitas unifamiliares, cuya construcción se debe a la iniciativa de modestos economizadores.
Banco rural y Mediterráneo – Sevilla
Authors: De la Peña Neila A.
Published: September 2016

Su construcción, en el núcleo comercial de la ciudad —en la calle de la Cerrajería, junto a la de Sierpes—, rodeado de edificios de las más variadas características y estilos, presentaba tres aspectos fundamentales a resolver: a) el componer una fachada moderna, pero sin estridencias irreflexivas, de modo que no fuera un "grito" llamativo, junto a las casas circundantes, y conservara la dignidad y empaque que requiere el fin a que se destina; b) la brevedad de plazo —cinco meses— en que se debía realizar la construcción, obstaculizada por la circunstancia de su emplazamiento en una zona de comercio, con restricción de horas para el tráfico rodado; c) la dificultad que ofrecía el firme de ínfima calidad, constituido por terrenos de aluvión.