bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Identifying and Classifying Child Sexual Abuse Material
Authors: Kloess Juliane A. , Woodhams Jessica , Whittle Helen , Grant Tim , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine E.
Published: September 2017

The aim of the present study was to (a) assess the reliability with which indecent images of children (IIOC) are classified as being of an indecent versus nonindecent nature, and (b) examine in detail the decision-making process engaged in by law enforcement personnel who undertake the difficult task of identifying and classifying IIOC as per the current legislative offense categories. One experienced researcher and four employees from a police force in the United Kingdom coded an extensive amount of IIOC ( n = 1,212-2,233) to determine if they (a) were deemed to be of an indecent nature, and (b) depicted a child. Interrater reliability analyses revealed both considerable agreement and disagreement across coders, which were followed up with two focus groups involving the four employees. The first entailed a general discussion of the aspects that made such material more or less difficult to identify; the second focused around images where there had been either agreement ( n = 20) or disagreement ( n = 36) across coders that the images were of an indecent nature. Using thematic analysis, a number of factors apparent within IIOC were revealed to make the determination of youthfulness and indecency significantly more challenging for coders, with most relating to the developmental stage of the victim and the ambiguity of the context of an image. Findings are discussed in light of their implications for the identification of victims of ongoing sexual exploitation/abuse, the assessment and treatment of individuals in possession of IIOC, as well as the practice of policing and sentencing this type of offending behavior.
Alternative Objective Functions for Firms
Authors: Lankoski Leena , Smith N. Craig
Published: September 2017

The predominant view of the role of business in society is that the objective of business is to maximize profit. Some argue that it ought to be something different. Others argue that for many firms it already is something different. However, the “something different” has not been fully fleshed out in its various versions. To address this gap, we define different relationship types between variables in an objective function and develop and present the resulting range of 10 alternative objective functions for firms. We then discuss how their development contributes to conceptual, empirical, and normative debates about organizational purpose. Removing the conventional assumption of profit maximization as the sole management principle opens up the possibility of new, more nuanced theoretical approaches to management. This article lays the groundwork for such theory development through the systematic and analytical identification of alternative objective functions that represent different specifications of firm purpose.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult ADHD: A Randomized Clinical Trial in China
Authors: Huang Fang , Tang Yi-lang , Zhao Mengjie , Wang Yanfei , Pan Meirong , Wang Yufeng , Qian Qiujin
Published: September 2017

Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for adult ADHD, and booster sessions may improve long-term outcome. This study was designed to investigate the effects of group CBT and its booster sessions for Chinese adult patients with ADHD. Method: There were CBT only group ( n = 43), CBT +booster group ( n = 43), and control group with patients on the waiting list ( n = 22). The primary outcome was the score of the ADHD–Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Secondary outcomes included emotion, executive function (EF), impulsivity, self-esteem, and life quality at 12th and 24th week. Results: At 12th week, the score of ADHD-RS, EF, and impulsivity showed significant improvement in CBT +booster group comparing with control group. At 24th week, differences between CBT only group and CBT +booster group were not significant. Conclusion: CBT was effective for Chinese adult patients with ADHD. Booster sessions do not appear to provide additional benefits.
“You Have to Approach Us Right”: A Qualitative Framework Analysis for Recruiting African Americans Into mHealth Research
Authors: James Delores C. S. , Harville Cedric , Efunbumi Orisatalabi , Babazadeh Ida , Ali Sheriza
Published: September 2017

Background. Despite the high ownership of smartphones, African Americans (AAs) remain underrepresented in health research and specifically mobile health (mHealth) research. This may be due to ineffective recruitment efforts. Purpose. To explore strategies for recruiting AAs into mHealth research and examine how these strategies may vary by gender and age-group. Method. Twenty triad focus groups ( n = 60) were conducted with AA males ( n = 9 groups) and females ( n = 11 groups). The framework method was used to manage, organize, synthesize, and analyze data themes by gender and age-group (18-29, 30-50, 51+). Results. Most participants owned smartphones (71%) and were willing to participate in mHealth research (62%). The participants’ narrative revealed the tension between mistrust of researchers and the excitement of participating in technology-based research. Both genders and all age-groups can be reached via word-of-mouth because it is “the best advertisement.” Personal contact must precede traditional and electronic recruitment strategies because “we have to know you.” Churches are excellent places for recruitment because they are “trustworthy” and have a “repeat audience.” Facebook may be effective for both genders and all age-groups because “everybody is on Facebook” and it can “reach more people than text and e-mail.” Beauty/barber shops may be limited in reaching both genders and age-groups, but especially young women who style their own hair natural, and young men who wear braids and dreadlocks. Personal contact must precede traditional and electronic recruitment strategies because “we have to know you.” Conclusion. A tailored, multipronged strategy that combines traditional recruitment methods with texting, e-mail, and social media may be effective in recruiting AA adults into mHealth research.
Family members’ and best friend’s smoking influence on adolescent smoking differs between Eastern Finland and Russian Karelia
Authors: Lastunen Annamari , Laatikainen Tiina , Isoaho Hannu , Lazutkina Galina , Tossavainen Kerttu
Published: September 2017

Aims: The aim of this study was to find out whether family members’ (mother, father, siblings) and best friend’s smoking is related to 9th grade pupils’ daily smoking in Eastern Finland and in the Pitkäranta district, in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, and whether these relations have changed in these two culturally very different neighbourhood countries from 1995 to 2013. Methods: Data comprised four cross-sectional studies in all schools of the Pitkäranta region and selected schools in Eastern Finland. In data analyses, structural equation modelling techniques were used. Results: Our findings showed that best friend’s smoking had the strongest influence on adolescents’ smoking in both countries and study years (p < .01). The relations among family members were highly different between Pitkäranta and Eastern Finland, particularly in 2013. Conclusions: Results suggest that health promotion in schools should take into account cultural impacts and pay special attention to pupils who have family members and friends who smoke.
Robotization and the domestic sphere
Authors: Fortunati Leopoldina
Published: September 2017

The aim of this article is to advance theoretically the debate on the interrelation between robotization and the domestic sphere. I adopt a critical approach to the political economy about the diffusion of machines in the domestic sphere (unexpected and not predicted by the classical theories of capital) and the automation of everyday life, including that of the human body. In the first part, I focus on why robotics has shifted from the industrial sectors in the domestic sphere and on which features characterize today this sector. Then, I describe the trends that robotics has put in motion in the domestic sphere and Europeans’ attitudes toward it. In the final part, I analyze the processes of automation that are taking place. I will conclude posing the problem of what kind of society we want to build and live in by introducing the social robots and which future perspectives emerge at social level.
News organizations, ideology, and work routines: A multi-level analysis of environmental journalists
Authors: Figueroa Ever Josue
Published: September 2017

Journalism scholarship has routinely relied on the hierarchy of influences model for the conceptualization of research questions and implementation of studies. Heeding Shoemaker and Reese’s call for more ‘multi-level’ analysis, this study looks at environmental journalism as a space for a multi-level analysis. Through in-depth interviews, environmental reporters described their work routines and organizational roles. The findings from these descriptions suggest that the environmental journalistic space is influenced by the relationship between journalistic ideology, organizational structures, and individual work routines. Ideology serves as the basis for both organizational business models and individual beliefs. Together, these three components serve as foundational base that dictates the work routines of environmental reporters.
Political rhetoric in the Hungarian press during the communist regime
Authors: Popping Roel , Roberts Carl W
Published: September 2017

A previous analysis of post-1989 editorials in a Hungarian newspaper investigated ideological developments in Hungary in the first years after the communist regime had been replaced by elected governments. Using the same method, we here investigate whether the same developments may have extended prior to Hungary’s democratic changes. Such extension might have entailed a gradual increase in modal rhetoric indicative of free market or social justice. However, no support is found for this in Hungary’s pre-1990 state-controlled media. Instead, modal arguments only appear with noteworthy frequency after 1986 and then only ones emphasizing Hungarians’ inevitabilities and possibilities without any consistent rationale.
Strategic Challenges Confronting Leaders of a Cross-Sector Collaboration Organization Created to Improve Community Health
Authors: Fratantuono Michael J. , Sarcone David M.
Published: September 2017

This article explores the strategic challenges associated with launching and managing a cross-sector collaboration that confronted Aligning Forces for Quality of South Central Pennsylvania (AF4Q-SCPA), which was established to improve health care quality in partnerships with patients, providers, employers, and community organizations. It draws upon the work of scholars from the fields of public administration, public health, organizational theory, and business strategy. It synthesizes previous contributions to create a new model called the Collaboration Cube, which links the likelihood of success of initiatives to intended outcomes and collaborative structures. With respect to methodology, it takes an inductive approach and uses the insights from the case study to offer nine generalizable propositions that readers may find relevant to collaborative organizations operating in any field. Finally, the article offers thoughts about possible lines of future research.
The Disaster Approach: Countering Learner Apprehension in Role-Play
Authors: Donovan Paul , Townsend John
Published: September 2017

Training programs enhance the skills of participants. Role-play, one method used for such skill development, is learning through performing a set of behaviors, in accordance with predetermined expectations of a job role in an organizational context. Some learners find role-play daunting, even traumatic. To counter this experience, this article shows an innovative role-play format where, in advance of the program, tutors design and create a “disaster” video—an encounter where almost everything goes awry. In class, the video is shown and the group is divided into two teams: and one team designs and demonstrates a “corrected” version of the encounter. The second team composes a set of best practices on the ideal way to conduct such an encounter. The role-play event is performed in plenary by the “Demonstration” team, and the “Best Practices” team applies their guidelines to the other team’s performance. Instructions on how to use the exercise are given.
Eltrombopag: a powerful chelator of cellular or extracellular iron(III) alone or combined with a second chelator
Authors: Vlachodimitropoulou Evangelia , Chen Yu-Lin , Garbowski Maciej , Koonyosying Pimpisid , Psaila Bethan , Sola-Visner Martha , Cooper Nichola , Hider Robert , Porter John
Published: September 2017

Key Points

ELT is a powerful iron chelator, mobilizing iron and ferritin, reducing ROS, and restoring insulin production at clinically achievable levels. ELT enhances cellular iron chelation when combined with clinically available iron chelators through the shuttling of iron(III).
Combination therapy of PKCζ and COX-2 inhibitors synergistically suppress melanoma metastasis
Authors: Zhou Ping , Qin Jiaqi , Li Yuan , Li Guoxia , Wang Yinsong , Zhang Ning , Chen Peng , Li Chunyu
Published: September 2017

Background

Metastatic malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies and its treatment remains challenging. Recent studies demonstrate that the melanoma metastasis has correlations with the heightened activations of protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signaling pathways. Targeted inhibitions for PKCζ and COX-2 have been considered as the promising strategies for the treatment of melanoma metastasis. Thus, the PKCζ inhibitor J-4 and COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib were combined to treat melanoma metastasis in this study.

Methods

The Transwell assay, Wound-healing assay and Adhesion assay were used to evaluate the inhibition of combined therapy of J-4 and Celecoxib on melanoma cells invasion, migration and adhesion in vitro, respectively. The impaired actin polymerization was observed by confocal microscope and inactivated signal pathways about PKCζ and COX-2 were confirmed by the Western blotting assay. The B16-F10/C57BL mouse melanoma model was used to test the inhibition of combined therapy of J-4 and Celecoxib on melanoma metastasis in vivo.

Results

The in vitro results showed that the combination of J-4 and Celecoxib exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on the migration, invasion and adhesion of melanoma B16-F10 and A375 cells with combination index less than 1. The actin polymerization and phosphorylation of Cofilin required in cell migration were severely impaired, which is due to the inactivation of PKCζ related signal pathways and the decrease of COX-2. The combined inhibition of PKCζ and COX-2 induced Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) in melanoma cells with the expression of E-Cadherin increasing and Vimentin decreasing. The secretion of MMP-2/MMP-9 also significantly decreased after the combination treatment. In C57BL/6 mice intravenously injected with B16-F10 cells (5 × 104 cells/mouse), co-treatment of J-4 and Celecoxib also severely suppressed melanoma lung metastasis. The body weight monitoring and HE staining results indicated the low toxicity of the combination therapy.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the combination therapy of PKCζ and COX-2 inhibitors can significantly inhibit melanoma metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which will be an efficient strategy for treatment of melanoma metastasis in clinics.
The potential of the microbiota to influence vaccine responses
Authors: Lynn David J , Pulendran Bali
Published: September 2017

After clean water, vaccines are the primary public health intervention providing protection against serious infectious diseases. Antigen-specific antibody-mediated responses play a critical role in the protection conferred by vaccination; however these responses are highly variable among individuals. In addition, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently impaired in developing world populations, for reasons that are poorly understood. Although the factors that are associated with interindividual variation in vaccine responses are likely manifold, emerging evidence from mouse models and studies in human populations now suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in shaping systemic immune responses to both orally and parenterally administered vaccines. Herein, we review the evidence to date that the microbiota can influence vaccine responses and discuss the potential mechanisms through which these effects may be mediated. In addition, we highlight the gaps in this evidence and suggest future directions for research.
Sequential activities of Dynein, Mud and Asp in centrosome–spindle coupling maintain centrosome number upon mitosis
Authors: Bosveld Floris , Ainslie Anna , Bellaïche Yohanns
Published: September 2017

Centrosomes nucleate microtubules and are tightly coupled to the bipolar spindle to ensure genome integrity, cell division orientation and centrosome segregation. While the mechanisms of centrosome-dependent microtubule nucleation and bipolar spindle assembly have been the focus of numerous works, less is known about the mechanisms ensuring the centrosome–spindle coupling. The conserved NuMA protein (Mud in Drosophila) is best known for its role in spindle orientation. Here, we analyzed the role of Mud and two of its interactors, Asp and Dynein, in the regulation of centrosome numbers in Drosophila epithelial cells. We found that Dynein and Mud mainly initiate centrosome–spindle coupling prior to nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) by promoting correct centrosome positioning or separation, while Asp acts largely independently of Dynein and Mud to maintain centrosome–spindle coupling. Failure in the centrosome–spindle coupling leads to mis-segregation of the two centrosomes into one daughter cell, resulting in cells with supernumerary centrosomes during subsequent divisions. Altogether, we propose that Dynein, Mud and Asp operate sequentially during the cell cycle to ensure efficient centrosome–spindle coupling in mitosis, thereby preventing centrosome mis-segregation to maintain centrosome number.
Optogenetic interrogation of integrin αVβ3 function in endothelial cells
Authors: Liao Zhongji , Kasirer-Friede Ana , Shattil Sanford J.
Published: September 2017

The integrin αVβ3 is reported to promote angiogenesis in some model systems but not in others. Here, we used optogenetics to study the effects of αVβ3 interaction with the intracellular adapter kindlin-2 (Fermt2) on endothelial cell functions potentially relevant to angiogenesis. Because interaction of kindlin-2 with αVβ3 requires the C-terminal three residues of the β3 cytoplasmic tail (Arg-Gly-Thr; RGT), optogenetic probes LOVpep and ePDZ1 were fused to β3ΔRGT–GFP and mCherry–kindlin-2, respectively, and expressed in β3 integrin-null microvascular endothelial cells. Exposure of the cells to 450 nm (blue) light caused rapid and specific interaction of kindlin-2 with αVβ3 as assessed by immunofluorescence and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, and it led to increased endothelial cell migration, podosome formation and angiogenic sprouting. Analyses of kindlin-2 mutants indicated that interaction of kindlin-2 with other kindlin-2 binding partners, including c-Src, actin, integrin-linked kinase and phosphoinositides, were also likely necessary for these endothelial cell responses. Thus, kindlin-2 promotes αVβ3-dependent angiogenic functions of endothelial cells through its simultaneous interactions with β3 integrin and several other binding partners. Optogenetic approaches should find further use in clarifying spatiotemporal aspects of vascular cell biology.
Distinct intracellular sAC-cAMP domains regulate ER Ca2+ signaling and OXPHOS function
Authors: Valsecchi Federica , Konrad Csaba , D'Aurelio Marilena , Ramos-Espiritu Lavoisier S. , Stepanova Anna , Burstein Suzanne R. , Galkin Alexander , Magranè Jordi , Starkov Anatoly , Buck Jochen , Levin Lonny R. , Manfredi Giovanni
Published: September 2017

cAMP regulates a wide variety of physiological functions in mammals. This single second messenger can regulate multiple, seemingly disparate functions within independently regulated cell compartments. We have previously identified one such compartment inside the matrix of the mitochondria, where soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We now show that sAC knockout fibroblasts have a defect in OXPHOS activity and attempt to compensate for this defect by increasing OXPHOS proteins. Importantly, sAC knockout cells also exhibit decreased probability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release associated with diminished phosphorylation of the inositol 3-phosphate receptor. Restoring sAC expression exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix rescues OXPHOS activity and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that these phenotypes are regulated by intramitochondrial sAC. In contrast, Ca2+ release from the ER is only rescued when sAC expression is restored throughout the cell. Thus, we show that functionally distinct, sAC-defined, intracellular cAMP signaling domains regulate metabolism and Ca2+ signaling.
Induced parental care in a poison frog: a tadpole cross-fostering experiment
Authors: Pašukonis Andrius , Beck Kristina Barbara , Fischer Marie-Therese , Weinlein Steffen , Stückler Susanne , Ringler Eva
Published: September 2017

Understanding the external stimuli and natural contexts that elicit complex behaviors, such as parental care, is key in linking behavioral mechanisms to their real-life function. Poison frogs provide obligate parental care by shuttling their tadpoles from terrestrial clutches to aquatic nurseries, but little is known about the proximate mechanisms that control these behaviors. In this study, we used Allobates femoralis, a poison frog with predominantly male parental care, to investigate whether tadpole transport can be induced in both sexes by transferring unrelated tadpoles to the backs of adults in the field. Specifically, we asked if the presence of tadpoles on an adult's back can override the decision-making rules preceding tadpole pick-up and induce the recall of spatial memory necessary for finding tadpole deposition sites. We used telemetry to facilitate accurate tracking of individual frogs and spatial analyses to compare movement trajectories. All tested individuals transported their foster-tadpoles to water pools outside their home area. Contrary to our expectation, we found no sex difference in the likelihood to transport nor in the spatial accuracy of finding tadpole deposition sites. We reveal that a stereotypical cascade of parental behaviors that naturally involves sex-specific offspring recognition strategies and the use of spatial memory can be manipulated by experimental placement of unrelated tadpoles on adult frogs. As individuals remained inside their home area when only the jelly from tadpole-containing clutches was brushed on the back, we speculate that tactile rather than chemical stimuli are triggering these parental behaviors.
Characteristics and experience of the patient in psychotherapy
and the psychotherapy’s effectiveness. A structural approach
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka , Dobrenko Kamila , Grzesiuk Lidia
Published: September 2017

Cel pracy

Badanie dotyczy związków między trzema grupami zmiennych prezentujących z perspektywy pacjenta: (1) cechy pacjenta przed psychoterapią, w tym oczekiwania wobec terapii, (2) doświadczenia z przebiegu terapii, w tym relacja psychoterapeutyczna, oraz (3) ocenę bezpośredniej skuteczności psychoterapii. Dane z literatury są podstawą do przewidywania związków między wszystkimi wymienionymi zmiennymi.

Metoda

Pomiaru zmiennych dokonano przy użyciu ankiety katamnestycznej, którą wysłano łącznie do 1210 byłych pacjentów  . Uzyskano odpowiedzi od 276 osób. Respondenci to 55 % kobiet i 45 % mężczyzn poniżej 30. r.ż. Analizy przeprowadzono, wykorzystując metodę modelowania przy pomocy układów równań strukturalnych.

Wyniki

Z analizy zależności między trzema wyżej wymienionymi grupami zmiennych wyłoniły się dwa modele. Jeden dotyczy relacji między (1) cechami pacjenta, (2) przebiegiem psychoterapii, w której – z perspektywy pacjenta – istnieje dobra relacja psychoterapeutyczna i (3) psychoterapia jest skuteczna. Natomiast drugi model odnosi się do (2) doświadczania przez pacjenta niedobrej relacji psychoterapeutycznej i (3) psychoterapii nieskutecznej.

Wnioski

Ważnymi zmiennymi pośredniczącymi w modelach - wśród cech pacjenta – okazały się jego oczekiwania wobec psychoterapii (zwłaszcza oczekiwanie wsparcia). Model matematyczny ujawnił także, iż silnie wzajemnie związane są zmienne relacja z psychoterapeutą i interwencje terapeutyczne.
Psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of short form of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short)
Authors: Jankowiak-Siuda Kamila , Kantor-Martynuska Joanna , Siwy-Hudowska Anna , Śmieja Magdalena , Dobrołowicz-Konkol Mariola , Zaraś-Wieczorek Iwona , Siedler Agnieszka
Published: September 2017

Cel pracy

Cel badania: Analiza właściwości psychometrycznych Skróconej Skali Ilorazu Empatii (SSIE), polskiej wersji kwestionariusza EQ – short [1], stosowanego do mierzenia empatii afektywnej i poznawczej.

Metoda

Metoda: Przebadano 940 osób w wieku od 15 do 80 lat. Osoby biegłe w języku polskim i angielskim (N = 31) wypełniły kwestionariusz w wersji oryginalnej i polskiej. Pozostałe osoby badane (N = 909) wzięły udział w badaniu trafności teoretycznej i rzetelności adaptowanego narzędzia w wersji polskiej.

Wyniki

Wyniki: Pomiary przy użyciu SSIE w wersji polskiej i angielskiej wykazują wysoki poziom korelacji (r = 0,80; p < 0,001). Ocena trafności teoretycznej i rzetelności adaptowanego narzędzia wykazała, że polska wersja językowa SE posiada dobre własności psychometryczne takie jak zgodność wewnętrzna (α-Cronbacha = 0,78) czy trafność teoretyczna, porównywalne z wersją oryginalną. We wszystkich grupach wiekowych odnotowano istotne statystycznie różnice międzypłciowe wyników na SSIE: kobiety osiągają na tej skali wyniki wyższe niż mężczyźni.

Wnioski

Wnioski: Polska adaptacja EQ-short jest pod względem językowym i psychometrycznym podobna do angielskiej wersji skali i spełnia standardy rzetelnego narzędzia do pomiaru empatii.
The role of the cerebellum in the regulation of language functions
Authors: Starowicz-Filip Anna , Chrobak Adrian , Moskała Marek , Krzyżewski Roger , Kwinta Borys , Kwiatkowski Stanisław , Milczarek Olga , Rajtar-Zembaty Anna , Przewoźnik Dorota
Published: September 2017

Artykuł stanowi przegląd badań na temat roli móżdżku w regulacji funkcji językowych. Ta struktura mózgowa do niedawna kojarzona głównie ze sprawnością motoryczną, koordynacją wzrokowo – ruchową i równowagą okazuje się odgrywać istotne znaczenie w funkcjonowaniu poznawczym człowieka. W zakresie funkcji językowych badania dowodzą, że praca móżdżku determinuje fluencję słowną, zarówno semantyczną jak i formalną, procesy gramatyczne w tworzeniu i odbiorze wypowiedzi, zdolność wykrywania i korekty błędów językowych oraz grafię. Uszkodzenie móżdżku może być przyczyną afazji oraz mutyzmu móżdżkowego. Deficyt połączeń móżdżkowo- korowych a także obecność anomalii w samej budowie móżdżku jest podkreślana w wielu teoriach rozwojowej dysleksji. Móżdżek cechuje językowa lateralizacja. Z perspektywy neuroanatomicznej szczególne znaczenie dla funkcji językowych odgrywa jego prawa półkula oraz jądro zębate, które mają rozliczne połączenia móżdżkowo- korowe z obszarami językowymi kory mózgowej. Deficyty językowe powstające na skutek uszkodzenia móżdżku z reguły mają nasilenie subkliniczne i wymagają doboru czułych neuropsychologicznych narzędzi diagnostycznych ukierunkowanych na ocenę wyższych funkcji werbalnych.
Aggressiveness and the intensity of psychopathic symptoms – gender differences
Authors: Banasik Marlena , Gierowski Krzysztof , Nowakowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2017

Cel pracy

Analiza najnowszych doniesień literatury światowej na temat psychopatii dowodzi niezbicie istnienia potrzeby głębszej analizy przejawów tego zaburzenia w żeńskiej populacji osób karanych. Jakkolwiek na temat „męskiej” formy tego zaburzenia badacze prezentują zgodne opinie, to porównania międzypłciowe są wciąż nieliczne. Projekt miał na celu wyjaśnienie zależności pomiędzy nasileniem poszczególnych cech psychopatycznych a poziomem agresywnych tendencji w grupie osadzonych kobiet i mężczyzn.

Metoda

Badaniami objęto grupę 100 dorosłych kobiet i 100 dorosłych mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. Do pomiaru nasilenia cech psychopatycznych zastosowano Skalę Obserwacyjną Skłonności Psychopatycznych (PCL-R; Hare, 2003). Agresywność zbadano Skalą Agresji (AQ; Buss i Perry, 1992).

Wyniki

Przeprowadzona analiza wariancji wykazała, iż 12 spośród 20 itemów skali PCL-R różnicuje na poziomie istotnym statystycznie wskaźniki agresywności w grupach badanych osadzonych kobiet i mężczyzn.

Wnioski

Otrzymane dane sugerują istnienie różnic międzypłciowych w zakresie manifestacji cech charakterystycznych dla psychopatycznego zaburzenia osobowości. Zarówno w grupie kobiet, jak i mężczyzn psychopatyczne deficyty powiązać można z agresywnym zachowaniem.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: September 2017

brak streszczenia
Letter to Editor. Is the nurse able to and should implement some forms of psychotherapy?
Authors: Brodziak Andrzej , Różyk-Myrta Alicja , Wolińska Agnieszka
Published: September 2017

bez streszczenia
Financing of forensic psychiatry in view of treatment quality and threat to public safety
Authors: Heitzman Janusz , Markiewicz Inga
Published: September 2017

Pobyt w szpitalu psychiatrycznym osób, które popełniły w stanie niepoczytalności bądź poczytalności znacznie ograniczonej, najcięższe czyny kryminalne, ma na celu zapewnienie im efektywnego leczenia (funkcja lecznicza), ale przede wszystkim zapobiegnięcie ponownemu popełnieniu przez nich czynów zabronionych o znacznej szkodliwości społecznej (funkcja zabezpieczająca). Chorych cierpiących na zaburzenia psychiczne, a przebywających w oddziałach sądowych, obejmuje się odpowiednim postępowaniem leczniczym, psychoterapeutycznym, rehabilitacyjnym lub resocjalizacyjnym. Sąd orzeka pobyt na detencji bezterminowo.
Z uwagi na podwójny cel pobytu w szpitalu psychiatrycznym, nie tylko leczniczy, ale i zabezpieczający, udzielanie świadczeń w oddziałach sądowych generuje wyższe niż w oddziałach ogólnopsychiatrycznych koszty. To powoduje wśród osób spoza środowiska, nierozumiejących istoty środków zabezpieczających, chęć ciągłego obniżania nakładów na psychiatrię sądową. Warto jednak przeanalizować, jakie znaczenie i skutki może wywrzeć próba ekonomizacji w psychiatrii sądowej, szukanie oszczędności i manipulowanie systemem finansowania „pod przykrywką” motywacji ekonomicznej do podnoszenia jakości świadczeń.
Te i inne problemy poruszają w swoim artykule autorzy niniejszej pracy.
Diagnostic algorithm, prognostic factors and surgical treatment of metastatic cancer diseases of the long bones and spine
Authors: Szendrői Miklós , Antal Imre , Szendrői Attila , Lazáry Áron , Varga Péter Pál
Published: September 2017

Oncological management of skeletal metastases has changed dramatically in the last few decades. A significant number of patients survive for many years with their metastases. Surgeons are more active and the technical repertoire is broader, from plates to intramedullary devices to (tumour) endoprostheses. The philosophy of treatment should be different in the case of a trauma-related fracture and a pathological fracture. A proper algorithm for establishing a diagnosis and evaluation of prognostic factors helps in planning the surgical intervention. The aim of palliative surgery is usually to eliminate pain and to allow the patient to regain his/her mobility as well as to improve the quality of life through minimally invasive techniques using life-long durable devices. In a selected group of patients with an oncologically controlled primary tumour site and a solitary bone metastasis with positive prognostic factors, which meet the criteria for radical excision (approximately 10% to 15% of the cases), a promising three to five years of survival may be achieved, especially in cases of metastases from breast and kidney cancer. Spinal metastases require meticulous evaluation because decisions on treatment mostly depend on the tumour type, segmental stability, the patient’s symptoms and general state of health. Advanced radiotherapy combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques (minimally invasive stabilisation and separation surgery) provides durable local control with a low complication rate in a number of patients.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:372-381.
Design and Simulation of an Air Conditioning Project in a Hospital Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Ding X. R. , Guo Y. Y. , Chen Y. Y.
Published: September 2017

This study aims to design a novel air cleaning facility which conforms to the current situation in China, and moreover can satisfy our demand on air purification under the condition of poor air quality, as well as discuss the development means of a prototype product. Air conditions in the operating room of a hospital were measured as the research subject of this study. First, a suitable turbulence model and boundary conditions were selected and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate indoor air distribution. The analysis and comparison of the simulation results suggested that increasing the area of air supply outlets and the number of return air inlets would not only increase the area of unidirectional flow region in main flow region, but also avoid an indoor vortex and turbulivity of the operating area. Based on the summary of heat and humidity management methods, the system operation mode and relevant parameter technologies as well as the characteristics of the thermal-humidity load of the operating room were analyzed and compiled. According to the load value and parameters of indoor design obtained after our calculations, the airflow distribution of purifying the air-conditioning system in a clean operating room was designed and checked. The research results suggested that the application of a secondary return air system in the summer could reduce energy consumption and be consistent with the concept of primaiy humidity control. This study analyzed the feasibility and energy conservation properties of cleaning air-conditioning technology in operating rooms, proposed some solutions to the problem, and performed a feasible simulation, which provides a reference for practical engineering.
Interpolation Formulas for Coefficients Reducing the Strength of Steel and Aluminum Alloys in Increasing Temperatures
Authors: Gwóźdź M.
Published: September 2017

Heating of steel or structural aluminum alloys at a speed of 2 to 50 K/min - characterizing the fire conditions - leads to a reduction in mechanical properties of the analyzed alloys. The limit of proportionality fp, real fy and proof f02 yield limit, breaking strength fu and longitudinal limit of elasticity E decrease as the temperature increases. Quantitative evaluation of the thermal conversion in strengths of structural alloys is published in Eurocodes 3 and 9, in the form of dimensionless graphs depicting reduction coefficients and selected (tabulated) discrete values of mechanical properties. The author’s proposal for an analytical formulation of code curves describing thermal reduction of elasticity modulus and strengths of structural alloys recommended for an application in building structures is presented in this paper.
Chemical and Physical Properties of Limestone Powder as a Potential Microfiller of Polymer Composites
Authors: Kępniak M. , Woyciechowski P. , Franus W.
Published: September 2017

The preliminary stage of asphalt mixture production involves the drying and dedusting of coarse aggregates. The most common types of coarse aggregates used are limestone and basalt. In the process of drying and dedusting the dryer filter accumulates large quantities of waste in the form of mineral powder. This paper introduces an investigation into limestone powder waste as a potential microfiller of polymer composites. Physical characteristics such as the granulation the of powder collected from the filter - in terms of the season of its collection and the type of input materials used - were analysed. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for the investigation described within this paper. The obtained results were compared against those of other materials which can be used as polymer composites microfillers.
A Case Study of Pre-Service Cracks in the Concrete Decks of a Two-Level Basement Car Park
Authors: Kossakowski P. G. , Ślusarczyk J.
Published: September 2017

This paper deals with the prevention of failure of structural elements made of reinforced concrete. It discusses preservice cracks in the concrete decks of an underground parking facility. The cracks were assessed by analyzing their morphology. The results were used to determine the crack causes and the mechanisms of their initiation and growth. Some design solutions to prevent or reduce the occurrence of pre-service cracks are also presented.
Effective Model for Analysis of Wood-Framed Timber Structures
Authors: Malesza J.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents new procedure modeling based on finite element method analysis of wood-framed timber structures. The fasteners linking boards of sheathing with the timber frame both modeled applying shell finite element, with individual material parameters, remain the main objective of this manuscript. Material parameters are obtained from experimental tests and numerical identification. The main objective of the paper is the elaboration of the numerical model with high precision of mapping, and, at the same time, diminishing the number of the unknown simplifying the process of the modeling of timber structures. The new presented method leads to a simplification of analysis of multistory wood-framed multifamily building structures.
Impact of Spatial Planning on the Pre-Investment Phase of the Development Process in the Residential Construction Field
Authors: Sobieraj J.
Published: September 2017

Insufficient due planning policy in Poland is subject to widespread and justified criticism. This applies to all levels of spatial management. Legal instruments governing spatial planning in Poland are passive - setting out only the legal framework corresponding to a particular area. They regulate what might be developed within its boundaries, however, they do not specify how it is to be accomplished. Therefore, there is a need to develop an integrated spatial development planning, in which also investors and/or stakeholders would be involved. Apart from answering to the question of what is going to be developed, it will also provide a very comprehensive and flexible implementation strategy having regard to different timelines and local amenities (facilities).This paper also brings an example showing how the spatial planning strategy was conducted for the development of the “Fort Bema” housing estates in the Warsaw district of Bemowo. It highlights the relevance of the planning phase for the subsequent in-use (operating) phase.
Incidents Associated with Gas Operation
Authors: Szer J. , Błazik-Borowa E.
Published: September 2017

This article shows incidents associated with the use of gas as an energy carrier. It presents selected incidents which have occurred in Poland and around the world in recent decades. Based on this, consequences of gas and air mixture explosions were analysed as well. The article presents the main causes of gas incidents which have taken place, as per instances which are similar worldwide. Incidents associated with the use of gas are not frequent, but at the same time very tragic as they often lead to illness or even death. In Poland, in the last twenty years, construction area disasters caused by gas explosions account for only 5% of all which have occurred, but the number of fatalities resulting from these cases is approximately 14%. The number of individuals injured reached 39% of all construction disaster victims. Considering all these facts, it is necessary to undertake wide preventive measures in order to increase safety in the use of gaseous fuels.
Curb-to-Barrier Face Distance Variation an a TB51 Bridge Barrier Crash Test Simulation
Authors: Wilde Krzysztof , Jamroz Kazimierz , Bruski Dawid , Budzyński Marcin , Burzyński Stanisław , Chróścielewski Jacek , Witkowski Wojciech
Published: September 2017

This paper addresses the problem of road safety regarding barrier placement as relative to the curb. A short summary of existing regulations is presented. Numerical simulations using the explicit finite element system Ls-Dyna are shown. In the analysis, variable distance between the barrier and the curb is assumed. The obtained result reveals that the distance has little impact on the working width of the barrier.
Angles between Curves in Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Han Bang-Xian , Mondino Andrea
Published: September 2017

The goal of the paper is to study the angle between two curves in the framework of metric (and metric measure) spaces. More precisely, we give a new notion of angle between two curves in a metric space. Such a notion has a natural interplay with optimal transportation and is particularly well suited for metric measure spaces satisfying the curvature-dimension condition. Indeed one of the main results is the validity of the cosine formula on RCD*(K, N) metric measure spaces. As a consequence, the new introduced notions are compatible with the corresponding classical ones for Riemannian manifolds, Ricci limit spaces and Alexandrov spaces.
Virginia and Yellow Rail autumn migration ecology: synthesis using multiple data sets
Authors: Fournier Auriel M. V. , Mengel Doreen C. , Krementz David G.
Published: September 2017

Virginia and Yellow Rails are among the least studied birds in North America, and there is a specific lack of information about their autumn migration ecology and migratory habitat use. We conducted nocturnal surveys across 11 public wetlands in Missouri, USA from 2012-2016, and compared the timing of autumn migration from our surveys with three opportunistic datasets: 1) eBird records, 2) building strikes, and 3) state ornithological records. The observed timing (start and end date and duration) of Virginia Rail autumn migration varied between the opportunistic data and our surveys. Virginia Rail opportunistic data were bimodal, while our surveys had a single peak the second week in October. Yellow Rail autumn migration through Missouri peaked earlier in our surveys than opportunistic datasets which peaked during the second week in October. Both rails were found in moist soil habitats, however Virginia Rails selected perennial vegetation more than was available, while Yellow Rails selected annual plant species. Both species showed no selection for water depth and used shallow flooded wetlands. Understanding the autumn migration period and habitat requirements will allow wetland managers to better manage lands for autumn migrating Virginia and Yellow Rails.
Influence of Water on Tribological Properties of Wood-Polymer Composites
Authors: Mysiukiewicz Olga , Sterzyński Tomasz
Published: September 2017

Utilization of ecological materials for appliances and products is one of the ways to achieve the goal of sustainability.Wood-polymer composites as a cheap, lightweight, durable and esthetic material has gained attention of scientists, engineers and consumers alike. Different kinds of polymeric matrices, plants used as the fillers, chemical of physical modifiers and processing technologies have already been widely studied. Nonetheless, surprisingly few information on Wood-Polymer Composites’ tribology can be found. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. Polypropylene-and poly(lactic acid)-based composites with varying wood flour content have been analyzed. The Brinell’s hardness and coefficient of friction of the samples have been determined. In order to evaluate the influence of the moisture content on the tribological and mechanical properties of the composites, the samples have also been aged in water. The investigation revealed that polymeric composites filled with wood flour can present favorable coefficient of friction, compared to the neat resins. The results of our study can establish a good starting point for further investigation.
Alvarado score: can it reduce unnecessary interventions for acute appendicitis in children?
Authors: Chisalau V. , Tica C. , Chirila S. , Ionescu C.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the study is to compare the outcomes of surgical interventions for acute appendicitis with the values of the Alvarado score. We conducted the study on 572 patients that underwent surgical interventions for acute appendicitis. Retrospectively, based on the medical records, we calculated the MANTRELS score and compared the outcomes of the intervention with the values of the applied score. Almost one third of the patients with a MANTRELS score lower than 6 had negative appendectomies. These patients represent 60% of the total cases of negative appendectomies, while in the case of patients with a high score around 2% had negative appendectomies. We concluded that using this scoring system to assess the need of immediate surgical intervention is important and can increase the rate of positive diagnosis mainly by limiting the number of unnecessary interventions.
Molar pregnancy and thyroid storm - literature review
Authors: Filipescu G. A. , Solomon Oana Alina , Clim Nicoleta , Milulescu Amelia , Boiangiu Andreea Gratiana , Mitran M.
Published: September 2017

Molar pregnancies results from a tainted fertilization process. Trophoblastic thyroidian hyper function is an unusual complication of a molar pregnancy. The degree of thyroid stimulation and the severity of clinical hyperthyroidism is directly proportional to HCG concentration. Human chorionic gonadotrophin is almost identical with TSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone, this analogy in the structure will cause cross-reactivity with their receptors. Hyperthyroid status can vary from asymptomatic hyper function to thyroid storm. Dilation and curettage represents the treatment for hyperthyroidism in molar pregnancy. Awareness of this condition is important for diagnosis and treatment.
Dental lesions and restorative treatment in molars
Authors: Gheorghiu Irina-Maria , Perlea Paula , Mitran Loredana , Iliescu A. A. , Scarlatescu Sanziana , Suciu Ioana , Mitran M.
Published: September 2017

This article review specific clinical issues of the molar teeth, as well as the therapeutic approach of their pathology. The dental pathology we face in the group of molars is related to: dental caries, dental trauma (crown and crown-root fractures), dental wear phenomena. The therapeutic approach of the molar teeth is represented by: restoration of the loss of hard dental tissues; endodontic treatments of pulpal and periapical complications; surgical treatment. The restorative treatments in molars are: direct restorations, with or without supplementary anchorage for obturations; inlay, onlay; prosthetic crown.