bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the role of bacterial diversity in supporting soil ecosystem functions under anthropogenic stress
Authors: Osburn Ernest D , Yang Gaowen , Rillig Matthias C , Strickland Michael S
Published: July 2023

Ecosystem functions and services are under threat from anthropogenic global change at a planetary scale. Microorganisms are the dominant drivers of nearly all ecosystem functions and therefore ecosystem-scale responses are dependent on responses of resident microbial communities. However, the specific characteristics of microbial communities that contribute to ecosystem stability under anthropogenic stress are unknown. We evaluated bacterial drivers of ecosystem stability by generating wide experimental gradients of bacterial diversity in soils, applying stress to the soils, and measuring responses of several microbial-mediated ecosystem processes, including C and N cycling rates and soil enzyme activities. Some processes (e.g., C mineralization) exhibited positive correlations with bacterial diversity and losses of diversity resulted in reduced stability of nearly all processes. However, comprehensive evaluation of all potential bacterial drivers of the processes revealed that bacterial α diversity per se was never among the most important predictors of ecosystem functions. Instead, key predictors included total microbial biomass, 16S gene abundance, bacterial ASV membership, and abundances of specific prokaryotic taxa and functional groups (e.g., nitrifying taxa). These results suggest that bacterial α diversity may be a useful indicator of soil ecosystem function and stability, but that other characteristics of bacterial communities are stronger statistical predictors of ecosystem function and better reflect the biological mechanisms by which microbial communities influence ecosystems. Overall, our results provide insight into the role of microorganisms in supporting ecosystem function and stability by identifying specific characteristics of bacterial communities that are critical for understanding and predicting ecosystem responses to global change.
A reagent-free phosphate chemiresistive sensor using carbon nanotubes functionalized with crystal violet
Authors: Patel Vinay , Akbar Md Ali , Kruse Peter , Selvaganapathy P. Ravi
Published: July 2023

This is the first study to report a solid-state and reagent-free chemiresistive sensor for phosphate measurements. The sensor exhibited a working range from 0.1 to 10 mM at a working pH 8 and potentially for hydroponics or aquaponics systems.
Lead-free perovskite-inspired semiconductors for indoor light-harvesting – the present and the future
Authors: Grandhi G. Krishnamurthy , Krishnan Jagadamma Lethy , Sugathan Vipinraj , Al-Anesi Basheer , Manna Debjit , Vivo Paola
Published: July 2023

Perovskite-inspired absorbers are promising for sustainable indoor light-harvesting. Defect mitigation and device operational stability need attention to accelerate the development of air-stable and low-toxicity photovoltaics.
High-pressure induced switching between halogen and hydrogen bonding regimes in 1,4-dioxane iodine monochloride
Authors: Jones Richard H. , Bull Craig L. , Knight Kevin S. , Marshall William G.
Published: July 2023

The crystal structures of two high pressure phases of 1,4-dixoane iodine monochloride are reported.
Tuneable emission in single molecule dyads mediated by a charge transfer state
Authors: Brett Matthew W. , Price Michael B. , Gordon Calum K. , Thorn Karen E. , Browne Lara D. , Hume Paul A. , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Stocker Bridget L. , Timmer Mattie S. M. , Davis Nathaniel J. L. K.
Published: July 2023

We present four novel perylene-acene dyads that undergo solvent tuneable emission, based on the presence of a charge transfer state. These dyes were shown to reach photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs) as high as 45%.
Rotational isomerization: spontaneous structural transformation of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence binuclear copper(i) complex
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Wen , Huang Chun-Hua , Yang Mingxue , Chen Xu-Lin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: July 2023

A new binuclear Cu(i) halide complex, Cu2I2(DPPCz)2, demonstrates spontaneous ligand rotation and coordination configuration transformation, resulting in its conversion to an isomer, without the need for any external stimulation.
Negligible increase in indoor endotoxin activity by 222 nm far-UVC illumination on bioaerosols
Authors: Liang Zhancong , Cheung Tim Yiu , Chan Wing Lam , Lim Chee Kent , Lai Alvin. C. K. , Lee Patrick. K. H. , Chan Chak K.
Published: July 2023

Far-UVC irradiation (222 nm) is an emerging approach for disinfection due to its effectiveness and potentially harmless nature to humans by direct irradiation compared with other UV wavelengths.
Nanoliposomes protecting antimicrobial peptides via membrane-fused incorporation to fight wound infection
Authors: Xue Hao , Li Jiaying , Zhang Liwei , Song Xiaolu , Shi Hui , Feng Yonghai , Hou Shuai , Wang Zengkai , Zhu Taofeng , Liu Lei
Published: July 2023

We proposed a strategy using nanoliposomes to protect AMPs, which improves antibacterial performance and biosafety and prevents AMP enzymolysis in infected wound treatment.
Hydrotrope-assisted interconnected mesoporous polyindole-decorated carbon nanotubes: synthesis, characterisation, and fabrication of asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Vhatkar Shashikant Shivaji , Abhisek Kumar , Mathew Helen Treasa , Oraon Ramesh
Published: July 2023

Present work reports on the hydrotrope (TOAB) assisted facile polymerization of indole in presence of CNT with interconnected mesoporous morphology and their enhanced electrochemical performance.
Unveiling a remarkable enhancement role by designing a confined structure Ho-TNTs@Mn catalyst for low-temperature NH3-SCR reaction
Authors: Zhao Tian , Huang Xiaosheng , Cui Rongji , Zhang Guodong , Tang Zhicheng
Published: July 2023

This work clarifies how the pore confinement effect of TNTs and modification of Ho affects the NH3-SCR activity, sulfur resistance and N2 selectivity, allowing us to design an effective catalyst with the desired SO2 resistance and N2 selectivity.
Recent progress in TiO2-based microwave absorption materials
Authors: Fei Yifan , Jiao Wenling , Wu Zhengchen , Yang Zaihui , Cheng Wei , Che Renchao
Published: July 2023

It is particularly important to develop high-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials to remediate the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution.
Hierarchical PdNi alloy nanochains coupled with Ni(OH)2 nanosheets to enhance CO-poisoning resistance for the methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Yang Anzhou , Su Keying , Liang Yujia , Yang Shan , Lei Wu , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu
Published: July 2023

Porous PdNi NCs@Ni(OH)2 NSs are constructed by a facile one-pot synthetic method, and they exhibit superior CO-poisoning resistance for the methanol oxidation reaction.
Preparation of benzocyclobutene-functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid microspheres and their reduction of permittivity to DVSBCB resin
Authors: Peng Qiuxia , Ma Jiajun , Wu Ji , Chen Ruichao , Pu Zejun , Zhong Jiachun , Yang Junxiao
Published: July 2023

BCB-functionalized microspheres with narrow particle size distribution are easy to synthesize and have a significant effect on reducing the dielectric constant of BCB resins.
Folate-targeted iridium complexes amplify photodynamic therapy efficacy through ferroptosis
Authors: He Xiangdong , Wei Lai , Chen Jun , Ge Shuwang , Kandawa-Shultz Martha , Shao Guoqiang , Wang Yihong
Published: July 2023

Interest in targeted cancer therapies with fewer side effects has increased in recent years.
Visible-light-promoted CO2 oxidative 1,2-thiosulfonylation of styrenes with sodium sulfinates and thiophenols
Authors: Xia Shiwei , Wu Linna , Zhai Guizhi , Wang Zechao , Wu Junliang
Published: July 2023

A synergistic Fe/Ru dual catalytic CO2 oxidative 1,2-thiosulfonylation of styrenes with sodium sulfinates and thiophenols under visible light irradiation is developed. CO and CH4 are released in this photocatalytic cycle.
Engineered vitamin E-tethered non-immunogenic facial lipopeptide for developing improved siRNA based combination therapy against metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Mallick Argha Mario , Biswas Abhijit , Mishra Sukumar , Jadhav Sonali , Chakraborty Kasturee , Tripathi Archana , Mukherjee Arnab , Roy Rituparna Sinha
Published: July 2023

Engineered peptide based biocompatible, siRNA transporter can transfect primary and TNBC cells with efficient and long-term gene silencing. Nanocomplex silencing Notch1 exhibits synergistic interaction with metformin and amplifies anticancer therapy.
Dynamics of the galactic component of Abell S1063 and MACS J1206.2−0847
Authors: Ferrami G. , Bertin G. , Grillo C. , Mercurio A. , Rosati P.
Published: July 2023

Context.The galactic component in clusters is commonly thought to be generally nonrotating and in a dynamical state different from that of a collisionally relaxed system. In practice, a test for such conditions is often not available.

Aims.We consider the member galaxies of the two clusters Abell S1063 and MACS J1206.2−0847 and study the possible presence of mean rotation and some properties of their distribution in phase space. We look for empirical evidence of factors normally found in collisionally relaxed systems and other characteristics of violently relaxed collisionless systems.

Methods.Starting from the CLASH-VLT data, we obtained positions, stellar masses, and individual line-of-sight velocities for a large number of galaxies (NAS1063 ≈ 1200 andNM1206 ≈ 650) extending out to ≈1.6 (Abell) and ≈2.5 (MACS) times the radiusr200. We studied the spatial distribution of the galaxy velocities and the properties of the available galaxy sets when divided into stellar mass bins. To test the presence of velocity dispersion anisotropy, we compared the results based on the Jeans equations with those obtained by assuming a specific form of the galaxy distribution function incorporating the picture of violent relaxation, where the total gravitational potential is imposed as set by the available gravitational lensing observations.

Results.We find evidence of systematic rotation in both clusters, with significant rotation in each core (within 0.5′ from the center) and no signatures of rotation at large radii. While no signs of energy equipartition were found, there is a clear indication of (stellar) mass segregation. Velocity dispersion anisotropy is present and qualitatively similar to what has been found in violently relaxed collisionless systems. This last conclusion is strengthened by the overall success in matching the observations with the predictions of the physically justified distribution function.
Measuring spin in coalescing binaries of neutron stars that show double precursors
Authors: Kuan Hao-Jui , Suvorov Arthur G. , Kokkotas Kostas D.
Published: July 2023

Gamma-ray bursts resulting from binary neutron-star mergers are sometimes preceded by precursor flares. These harbingers can be ignited by quasi-normal modes, excited by orbital resonances, shattering the stellar crust of one of the inspiralling stars up to ≳10 s before coalescence. In the rare case when a system displays two precursors, successive overtones of either interface modes or g modes can be responsible for the overstrainings. Since the free-mode frequencies of these overtones have an almost constant ratio, and the inertial-frame frequencies for rotating stars are shifted relative to static ones, the spin frequency of the flaring component can be constrained as a function of the equation of state, the binary mass ratio, the mode quantum numbers, and the spin-orbit misalignment angle. As a demonstration of the method, we find that the precursors of GRB090510 hint at a spin frequency range of 2 ≲ ν⋆/Hz ≲ 20 for the shattering star if we allow for an arbitrary misalignment angle, assuming ℓ = 2 g modes account for the events.
Sustainable Strategy for Rice Crop Management in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Medar M , Umar Ramli , Suprapta  , Arfandi  , Rasyid Rusman , Maru Rosmini , Mannan Abdul , Nyompa Sukri
Published: July 2023

Climate change is one of the trending topics to be discussed at both the practical and political levels. Climate change has a significant effect on rice plants because rice cultivation is dependent on climate elements, especially rainfall, and temperature, the phenomenon of climate change has triggered an increase in the intensity of extreme events such as floods and droughts, causing crop failure, crop failure and even cause puso. Pinrang Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia that feels the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector. The research aims to develop appropriate adaptation strategies to climate change for rice crop management. The technique of collecting data is through in-depth interviews with respondents, namely rice farmers in Pinrang Regency using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis uses SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), by determining internal factors and external factors and formulating climate change adaptation strategies for rice crop management in Pinrang Regency using an analytical tool, namely the SWOT matrix. The results showed that the strategies that could be implemented for the management of rice plants in Pinrang Regency were cultivating farmers by applying irrigation technology, developing water management technology, optimizing the performance of farmer groups, providing intensive climate information, and cultivating environmentally friendly technologies.
Propylene Glycol and Glycerol Addition in Forming Silver Nanowires (AgNWs) for Flexible and Conductive Electrode
Authors: Nasikhudin  , Al Fath Yusril , Rahmadani Hari , Diantoro Markus , Pujiarti Herlin , Abd Aziz Safwan
Published: July 2023

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are promising materials due to their flexibility, high transmittance, high conductivity, and low sheet resistances to replace ITO (Indium Thin Oxide) based electrodes. In this work, we studied the Propylene Glycol and Glycerol addition in Ethylene Glycol solvent to form AgNWs with polyol method. AgNWs was made thin film by spin coating method (with 1 – 3 layers variation) in PET substrate at 3000 rpm. The best morphology AgNWs formed by EG: PG: Gliserol (7 : 0 : 3) solvent composition with average diameter, length, and thickness are 210.32 nm, 6.68 μm, and 2.1 μm respectively. In optical properties, transmittance of AgNWs thin film was in range of 54.6 – 70.6 %. The sheet resistance of 3 layers AgNWs thin film was 2.8 – 30.2 Ω/sq. Sheet resistance of AgNWs thin film was better than ITO-PET (transmittance 60% sheet resistance 45 Ω/sq).
Validation of the Detection Kit for Pathogenic Bacteria Salmonella typhi Causes Food Poisoning with Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Maulana Irvan , Nurjayadi Muktiningsih , Rahma Efrianti Ulfi , Azizah Noer , Alya Pramudiyasih Nabilla , Nur Kusumawati Ratna , Azzahra Maharanianska , Lynford Declan Jefferson , Indira Putri Gladys , Akbar Juliansyah Dandi , Krisdawati Ismaya , Kurniadewi Fera , Ratna Kartika Irma , Sukmawati Dalia , Nastassya Lidwina , Saamia Vira , Anna Oktaviani Saputro Dwi , Made Wiranatha I , Ali El-Enshasy Hesham
Published: July 2023

Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative bacteria that causes food poisoning. Salmonella typhi bacteria can cause typhus, which can produce lipopolysaccharide complex endotoxin, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis oftyphoid fever. Cases of food poisoning are still common and are one of the causes of death and death in Indonesia. In 2019, there were 77 cases of food poisoning in Indonesia. A fast, accurate, and specific detection method is needed to detect poisoning. In previous studies, the optimum conditions and formulas for detecting these bacteria have been obtained using Real Time PCR. The results of previous studies are used as the basis for the development of a prototypedetection kit. In this study, validation was carried out, which aimed to confirm the results of previous studies so that a reproducible and accurate product for the detection of Salmonella typhi bacteria could be obtained. The results of this study showed that fim-C primers for Salmonella typhi were amplified at 95 base pairs (bp) with an annealing temperature of 60ºC and a standard DNA concentration of 50 ng/µL. The results of the Real Time PCR confirmation test of Salmonellatyphi bacteria at a pre-denaturation of 3 minutes with a concentration of 10 pmol obtained the Ct value according to thestandard with previous studies. The Ct value obtained was 13.96 for S. typhi bacteria. Based on the results obtained, it can be conclude that the condition validation stage for pure cultures was successfully carried out by producing consistentand reproducible data.
The Effect of Project Based Learning with Fhotonovela to Ability Student in Solve Problem Warming Global
Authors: Rewini Kunusa Wiwin , Yasin Hadija S. , Abdul Rauf Laliyo Lukman , Lukum Astin , La kilo Akram , Alio La
Published: July 2023

This study is a quantitative study that aims to see whether there is an effect on the problem solving abilities of students who are taught by a project-based learning model with photonovelas media on global warming materials. this study used in this study was a multiple choice test to measure students’ problem solving abilities. The population taken in this study was seventh grade students of SMP Negeri Bongomeme. The sample used was 50 students, namely, 26 students in the experimental class and 24 students in the control class. The analysis used in this study uses Rasch modeling SPSS 16.0 applications, namely hypothesis testing with the Wilcoxon test. Introduction
A stroke mimicker following inferior alveolar nerve block: a case report
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Kamil , Singh Namkabir , Selvaraju Kalpana , Ngeow Wei Cheong
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Local anesthesia administration albeit being the most common dental procedure is associated with complications that usually arise as a result of wrongly placed injections into local or distant sites. Here we present a case of an unexpected complication affecting the upper limb after dental anesthesia administration. Observation: A 26-year-old Malay female presented with the left upper extremity paralysis and paraesthesia following the administration of a local anesthesia block to the left inferior alveolar nerve, at a dental teaching center. The onset of the dental nerve block and left upper extremity weakness occurred and eventually subsided. As the provisional diagnosis was either a transient ischaemic attack or stroke, she was immediately referred to the Emergency Department. She was thoroughly assessed and monitored with the neurology team being consulted. Her vital signs remained stable and she showed no neurological deterioration throughout the observation period. She was discharged without further investigations after regaining full strength and sensation of her left upper extremity. The report tries to hypothesize the possible cause of this incident. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of dentists being alert to possible effects of local anesthesia to regions beyond the head and neck area.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants Born <29 Weeks with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Thomas Soumya R. , Jain Sunil K. , Murthy Prashanth , Joseph Chacko J. , Soraisham Amuchou , Tang Selphee , Dosani Aliyah , Lodha Abhay
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants born at <29 weeks' gestational age (GA) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension (BPD–PH) at 18 to 24 months' corrected age (CA).

Study Design In this retrospective cohort study, preterm infants born at <29 weeks' GA between January 2016 and December 2019, admitted to level 3 neonatal intensive care units, who developed BPD and were evaluated at 18 to 24 months' CA in the neonatal follow-up clinics were included. We compared demographic characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes between the two groups: Group I: BPD with PH and Group II: BPD with no PH, using univariate and multivariate regression models. The primary outcome was a composite of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). NDI was defined as any Bayley-III score < 85 on one or more of the cognitive, motor, or language composite scores.

Results Of 366 eligible infants, 116 (Group I [BPD–PH] =7, Group II [BPD with no PH] = 109) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 250 infants, 51 in Group I and 199 in Group II were followed at 18 to 24 months' CA. Group I and Group II had median (interquartile range [IQR]) birthweights of 705 (325) and 815 g (317; p = 0.003) and median GAs (IQR) were 25 (2) and 26 weeks (2; p = 0.015) respectively. Infants in the BPD–PH group (Group I) were more likely to have mortality or NDI (adjusted odds ratio: 3.82; bootstrap 95% confidence interval; 1.44–40.87).

Conclusion BPD–PH in infants born at <29 weeks' GA is associated with increased odds of the composite outcome of death or NDI at 18 to 24 months' CA.

Key Points
Subphenotypes of SARS-CoV-2-Associated ARDS Overlap Each Other: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nair Parvathy R. , Girish Kavitha , Mini Gouri , Khan Tazeen , Haritha Damarla , Sanyal Koninica , Bhattacharjee Sulagna , Baidya Dalim K. , Ray Bikash R. , Anand Rahul K. , Datta Sudip K. , Soneja Manish , Subramaniam Rajeshwari , Maitra Souvik
Published: July 2023

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus-associated pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were often associated with hyperinflammation and elevation of several serum inflammatory markers but usually less than what is observed in non-coronavirus disease (COVID) ARDS. Elevated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, etc., are associated with severe infection. This study identified subphenotypes of COVID-19 ARDS patients by latent profile analysis in a cohort of Indian patients.

Methods Data of n = 233 adult Indian patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital were analyzed in this retrospective study. Only patients with acute respiratory failure (defined by partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio < 200 mm Hg) and chest X-ray showing bilateral infiltrates were included.

Results The patients' mean (standard deviation) age was 53.3 (14.9) years, and 62% were male. A two subphenotypic model was formulated based on the lowest Bayesian information criterion. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum IL-6 were latent variables in that model (entropy 0.91). The second phenotype (hyperinflammatory) had lower platelet count (p = 0.02), higher serum creatinine (p = 0.004), higher C-reactive protein (p = 0.001), higher ferritin (p < 0.001), and serum lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.009). Age-adjusted hospital mortality (p = 0.007), duration of hospital stay (p < 0.001), and duration of intensive care unit stay (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the second subphenotype.

Conclusion Two distinct but overlapping subphenotypes were identified in SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Hyperinflammatory subphenotype was associated with significantly poor short-term outcomes.
Regeneration of Liangzhu culture: multimedia exhibition, simulated restoration, innovative cultural products, nearby area integration, virtual reality and augmented reality
Authors: Liu Zhihong
Published: July 2023

Since Liangzhu culture was recognised as the earliest monarchical period in the history of China, its vitality has been acknowledged both by the public and archaeologists in China and worldwide. Several contributions to current regeneration practices, including exhibitions, innovative cultural products, and integrations with nearby areas, remain in the preliminary stages due to the relative youth of the Liangzhu archaeological sites and museum, while their adoption of VR and AR technologies is also limited in practice. Referencing relevant cases in the literature and an interview with a manager involved with the archaeological work on Liangzhu culture, this article provides recommendations for exhibitions that emphasise the adoption of digital and multimedia displays and simulated restorations. Meanwhile, innovative cultural products require improvements related to design and development that match customer preferences. To integrate Liangzhu culture with nearby tourist attractions, comprehensive studies are needed on the spiritual connections that local communities develop with their original living spaces and the forms of their participation in heritage conservation practices. This article also presents several technical improvements for VR and AR, such as new methods for constructing digital models and the choice of presentation medium. Potential usages for AR technology with simulated restorations, interactive activities, innovative cultural products, and new public spaces nearby have also been suggested. Supported by the detailed discussion of restoration practices in these recommendations, this article provides an integrative regeneration plan for all “large” and “earthen” Neolithic archaeological cultures that resemble Liangzhu culture.
Impact of policy changes of Medicare-rebated telehealth services on medical abortions provided at a family planning service during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Cheng Yan , Boerma Clare J. , McGeechan Kevin , Estoesta Jane
Published: July 2023

This study reviewed data on the mode of delivery of medical abortion care (via face-to-face or telehealth) at a Family Planning service during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; April 2020 to March 2022. This was considered over time, in the context of changing eligibility criteria for Medicare-rebated telehealth services as well as patient demographic data. The study demonstrated that when Medicare rebates for telehealth are available for all those requiring abortion care, telehealth contributes to care provision alongside face-to-face services, and is more likely to be utilised by people living in regional and remote areas.
Impact of increased antiretroviral therapy use during the treatment as prevention era in Australia
Authors: Gray Richard T.
Published: July 2023

Background We analysed the impact of increased antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV epidemiology and healthcare costs in Australia during the ‘Treatment-as-prevention’ and ‘Undetectable equals Untransmissible (U=U)’ eras. Methods We conducted a retrospective modelling analysis between 2009 and 2019 to calculate the potential impact of early initiation of ART and treatment-as-prevention on HIV among gay and bisexual men (GBM). The model incorporates the change in the proportion diagnosed, treated, and virally suppressed, as well as the scale-up of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and the change in sexual behaviour during this period. We simulated a baseline and a no ART increase scenario and conducted a costing analysis from a national health provider perspective with cost estimates in 2019 AUD. Results Increasing ART use between 2009 and 2019 averted an additional 1624 [95% percentile interval (PI): 1220–2099] new HIV infections. Without the increase in ART, the number of GBM with HIV would have increased from 21 907 (95% PI: 20 753–23 019) to 23 219 (95% PI: 22 008–24 404) by 2019. HIV care and treatment costs for people with HIV increased by $296 (95% PI: $235–367) million AUD (assuming no change in annual healthcare costs). This was offset by a decrease in the lifetime HIV costs (with 3.5% discounting) for those newly infected of $458 (95% PI: $344–592) million AUD, giving a net cost saving of $162 (95%: $68–273) million AUD (and a benefits-to-cost ratio of 1.54). Conclusions Increasing the proportion of Australian GBM on effective ART between 2009 and 2019 likely resulted in substantial reductions in new HIV infections and cost savings.
Dragon detectives: citizen science confirms photo-ID as an effective tool for monitoring an endangered reptile
Authors: Gould John , Beranek Chad , Madani George
Published: July 2023

Context Among amphibians and reptiles, traditional methods of capture–mark–recapture (CMR) have relied on artificial marking techniques (in particular, toe clipping), which has raised concerns because it may impact climbing ability, survival, and behaviour. A potential alternative involves the exploitation of natural biometric identifiers that are already present, including scale configuration or colour patterns. These natural markers can be applied in photo-based CMR, which has several advantages over artificial markers, including reduced costs, the reduction of harm or stress, and the potential for public participation in conservation and research. Aim Our aim was to test the feasibility of applying citizen science in the manual visual identification of the endangered Monaro grassland earless dragon (Tympanocryptis osbornei) using dorsal pattern as a natural marker. Methods We collected photographs of dorsal patterns of wild T. osbornei individuals using a smartphone device under field conditions. We subsequently recruited participants anonymously from the public using social media to complete an online survey, in which they were asked to correctly match these field-captured images of individuals from small image pools, mimicking the process of detecting recapture events. Key results Participants were able to successfully detect recapture events from small image pools based solely on a comparison of dorsal patterns. High consensus was reached on all matches included in the online survey, with the majority vote among participants representing the correct matching of individuals on all occasions. Conclusion Our results indicate that there is sufficient intra-specific variability and temporal stability in dorsal patterning for it to be used as a reliable natural marker for identifying T. osbornei at the individual level. Implications Our findings suggest that photo-CMR could be applied to other agamids with similar dorsal patterns, making it a potentially valuable tool and an alternative to artificial marking for monitoring wild populations of Australian lizards in the future.
Programming the morphology of DNA origami crystals by magnesium ion strength
Authors: Dai Lizhi , Hu Xiaoxue , Ji Min , Ma Ningning , Xing Hang , Zhu Jun-Jie , Min Qianhao , Tian Ye
Published: July 2023

Harnessing the programmable nature of DNA origami for controlling structural features in crystalline materials affords opportunities to bring crystal engineering to a remarkable level. However, the challenge of crystallizing a single type of DNA origami unit into varied structural outcomes remains, given the requirement for specific DNA designs for each targeted structure. Here, we show that crystals with distinct equilibrium phases and shapes can be realized using a single DNA origami morphology with an allosteric factor to modulate the binding coordination. As a result, origami crystals undergo phase transitions from a simple cubic lattice to a simple hexagonal (SH) lattice and eventually to a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice. After selectively removing internal nanoparticles from DNA origami building blocks, the body-centered tetragonal and chalcopyrite lattice are derived from the SH and FCC lattices, respectively, revealing another phase transition involving crystal system conversions. The rich phase space was realized through the de novo synthesis of crystals under varying solution environments, followed by the individual characterizations of the resulting products. Such phase transitions can lead to associated transitions in the shape of the resulting products. Hexagonal prism crystals, crystals characterized by triangular facets, and twinned crystals are observed to form from SH and FCC systems, which have not previously been experimentally realized by DNA origami crystallization. These findings open a promising pathway toward accessing a rich phase space with a single type of building block and wielding other instructions as tools to develop crystalline materials with tunable properties.
Loss-free tensile ductility of dual-structure titanium composites via an interdiffusion and self-organization strategy
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Shufeng , Pan Deng , Hui Dongxu , Zhang Xin , Li Bo , Liang Tianshou , Shi Pengpeng , Bahador Abdollah , Umeda Junko , Kondoh Katsuyoshi , Li Shaolong , Gao Lina , Wang Zhimao , Li Gang , Zhang Shuyan , Wang Ruihong , Chen Wenge
Published: July 2023

The deformation-coordination ability between ductile metal and brittle dispersive ceramic particles is poor, which means that an improvement in strength will inevitably sacrifice ductility in dispersion-strengthened metallic materials. Here, we present an inspired strategy for developing dual-structure-based titanium matrix composites (TMCs) that achieve 12.0% elongation comparable to the matrix Ti6Al4V alloys and enhanced strength compared to homostructure composites. The proposed dual-structure comprises a primary structure, namely, a TiB whisker-rich region engendered fine grain Ti6Al4V matrix with a three-dimensional micropellet architecture (3D-MPA), and an overall structure consisting of evenly distributed 3D-MPA “reinforcements” and a TiBw-lean titanium matrix. The dual structure presents a spatially heterogeneous grain distribution with 5.8 μm fine grains and 42.3 μm coarse grains, which exhibits excellent hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) hardening and achieves a 5.8% ductility. Interestingly, the 3D-MPA “reinforcements” show 11.1% isotropic deformability and 66% dislocation storage, which endows the TMCs with good strength and loss-free ductility. Our enlightening method uses an interdiffusion and self-organization strategy based on powder metallurgy to enable metal matrix composites with the heterostructure of the matrix and the configuration of reinforcement to address the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma.
Temperature dependence of parasitoid infection and abundance of a diatom revealed by automated imaging and classification
Authors: Catlett Dylan , Peacock Emily E. , Crockford E. Taylor , Futrelle Joe , Batchelder Sidney , Stevens Bethany L. F. , Gast Rebecca J. , Zhang Weifeng G. , Sosik Heidi M.
Published: July 2023

Diatoms are a group of phytoplankton that contribute disproportionately to global primary production. Traditional paradigms that suggest diatoms are consumed primarily by larger zooplankton are challenged by sporadic parasitic “epidemics” within diatom populations. However, our understanding of diatom parasitism is limited by difficulties in quantifying these interactions. Here, we observe the dynamics of
Cryothecomonas aestivalis
(a protist) infection of an important diatom on the Northeast U.S. Shelf (NES),
Guinardia delicatula
, with a combination of automated imaging-in-flow cytometry and a convolutional neural network image classifier. Application of the classifier to >1 billion images from a nearshore time series and >20 survey cruises across the broader NES reveals the spatiotemporal gradients and temperature dependence of
G. delicatula
abundance and infection dynamics. Suppression of parasitoid infection at temperatures <4 °C drives annual cycles in both
G. delicatula
infection and abundance, with an annual maximum in infection observed in the fall-winter preceding an annual maximum in host abundance in the winter-spring. This annual cycle likely varies spatially across the NES in response to variable annual cycles in water temperature. We show that infection remains suppressed for ~2 mo following cold periods, possibly due to temperature-induced local extinctions of the
C. aestivalis
strain(s) that infect
G. delicatula
. These findings have implications for predicting impacts of a warming NES surface ocean on
G. delicatula
abundance and infection dynamics and demonstrate the potential of automated plankton imaging and classification to quantify phytoplankton parasitism in nature across unprecedented spatiotemporal scales.
Structural and electronic trends of optical cycling centers in polyatomic molecules revealed by microwave spectroscopy of MgCCH, CaCCH, and SrCCH
Authors: Changala P. Bryan , Genossar-Dan Nadav , Brudner Ella , Gur Tomer , Baraban Joshua H. , McCarthy Michael C.
Published: July 2023

The unique optical cycling efficiency of alkaline earth metal–ligand molecules has enabled significant advances in polyatomic laser cooling and trapping. Rotational spectroscopy is an ideal tool for probing the molecular properties that underpin optical cycling, thereby elucidating the design principles for expanding the chemical diversity and scope of these platforms for quantum science. We present a comprehensive study of the structure and electronic properties in alkaline earth metal acetylides with high-resolution microwave spectra of 17 isotopologues of MgCCH, CaCCH, and SrCCH in their
2
Σ
+
ground electronic states. The precise semiexperimental equilibrium geometry of each species has been derived by correcting the measured rotational constants for electronic and zero-point vibrational contributions calculated with high-level quantum chemistry methods. The well-resolved hyperfine structure associated with the
1,2
H,
13
C, and metal nuclear spins provides further information on the distribution and hybridization of the metal-centered, optically active unpaired electron. Together, these measurements allow us to correlate trends in chemical bonding and structure with the electronic properties that promote efficient optical cycling essential to next-generation experiments in precision measurement and quantum control of complex polyatomic molecules.
Experimental research on joining AA5052-H32/Polyoxymethylene sheets with novel stepped clinching process
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Chen Chao
Published: July 2023

The increasing availability of high-performance materials has boosted the demand for advanced joining techniques for heterogeneous sheets in the industry. The novel stepped clinching process (SCP) may become a new option for joining sheets due to the superiority in joint strength and geometric parameters compared to conventional clinching technology. The SCP for joining AA5052-H32 and Polyoxymethylene is explored experimentally in the paper. The failure mechanism of stepped clinched joints is studied at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Increasing the forming force assists in increasing mechanical strength and improving cross-sectional geometry. The optimal energy absorption values and shear strength of 5.038 J and 2040 N were obtained in the experiments when the forming force was 32 kN.
The structural and functional integrities of porcine myocardium are mostly preserved by cryopreservation
Authors: Ma Weikang , Lee Kyoung Hwan , Delligatti Christine E. , Davis M. Therese , Zheng Yahan , Gong Henry , Kirk Jonathan A. , Craig Roger , Irving Thomas
Published: July 2023

Structural and functional studies of heart muscle are important to gain insights into the physiological bases of cardiac muscle contraction and the pathological bases of heart disease. While fresh muscle tissue works best for these kinds of studies, this is not always practical to obtain, especially for heart tissue from large animal models and humans. Conversely, tissue banks of frozen human hearts are available and could be a tremendous resource for translational research. It is not well understood, however, how liquid nitrogen freezing and cryostorage may impact the structural integrity of myocardium from large mammals. In this study, we directly compared the structural and functional integrity of never-frozen to previously frozen porcine myocardium to investigate the consequences of freezing and cryostorage. X-ray diffraction measurements from hydrated tissue under near-physiological conditions and electron microscope images from chemically fixed porcine myocardium showed that prior freezing has only minor effects on structural integrity of the muscle. Furthermore, mechanical studies similarly showed no significant differences in contractile capabilities of porcine myocardium with and without freezing and cryostorage. These results demonstrate that liquid nitrogen preservation is a practical approach for structural and functional studies of myocardium.
Quantum optomagnetics in graphene
Authors: Abedi Sina , Hamed Majedi A
Published: July 2023

Graphene can be magnetized through nonlinear response of its orbital angular momentum to an intense circularly polarized light. This optomagnetic effect can be well exemplified by the inverse Faraday effect (IFE) where an optically-generated DC magnetization leads to graphene’s optical activity. We provide a single-particle quantum mechanical model of an IFE in graphene by solving Schrödinger’s equation in the presence of a renormalized Hamiltonian near a Dirac point in the presence of circularly polarized monochromatic light. We derive an analytical expression for DC magnetization based on non-perturbative and dressed states of quasi-electrons where their energy spectrum is isotropically gapped by the circularly polarized light. Optical rotatory power is then computed through the gyroelectric birefringence where a measurable polarization rotation angle under moderate and intense optical radiations is predicted.
The growth of low-threading-dislocation-density GaAs buffer layers on Si substrates
Authors: Dang Manyu , Deng Huiwen , Huo Suguo , Juluri Raghavendra R , Sanchez Ana M , Seeds Alwyn J , Liu Huiyun , Tang Mingchu
Published: July 2023

Monolithic integration of III–V optoelectronic devices on Si platform is gaining momentum, since it enables advantages of low cost, less complexity and high yield for mass production. With the aim of achieving advances in monolithic integration, the challenges associated with lattice mismatch between III–V layers and Si substrates must be overcome, as a low density of threading dislocations (TDs) is a prerequisite for the robustness of the integrated devices. In this paper, we have investigated and compare different types of dislocation filter layers (DFLs) from InGaAs asymmetric step-graded buffer layer (ASG), InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices, and quaternary alloy InAlGaAs ASG, on the functionality of reducing TD density (TDD) for GaAs buffer layers on Si. Compared to other DFLs, the sample with InAlGaAs ASG buffer layer shows the lowest average TDD value and roughness, while the decrease of TDD in the sample with InAlGaAs ASG buffer layer can be understood in terms of the hardening agent role of aluminium in the InAlGaAs ASG. By further optimising the InAlGaAs ASG through thermal cyclic annealing, we successfully demonstrate a low surface TDD of 6.3 ± 0.1 × 106 cm−2 for a 2 μm GaAs/InAlGaAs ASG buffer layer grown on Si. These results could provide a thin buffer design for monolithic integration of various III–V devices on Si substrates.
Wafer-scale striped network transistors based on purified semiconducting carbon nanotubes for commercialization
Authors: An Yulim , Lee Yongwoo , Kim Dong-Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Bae Jong-Ho , Kang Min-Ho , Choi Sung-Jin
Published: July 2023

Highly purified and solution-processed semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-CNTs) have developed rapidly over the past several decades and are near-commercially available materials that can replace silicon due to its large-area substrate deposition and room-temperature processing compatibility. However, the more s-CNTs are purified, the better their electrical performance, but considerable effort and long centrifugation time are required, which can limit commercialization due to high manufacturing costs. In this work, we therefore fabricated ‘striped’ CNT network transistor across industry-standard 8 inch wafers. The stripe-structured channel is effective in lowering the manufacturing cost because it can maintain good device performance without requiring high-purity s-CNTs. We evaluated the electrical performances and their uniformity by demonstrating striped CNT network transistors fabricating from various s-CNT solutions (e.g. 99%, 95%, and 90%) in 8 inch wafers. From our results, we concluded that by optimizing the CNT network configurations, CNTs can be sufficiently utilized for commercialization technology even at low semiconducting purity. Our approach can serve as a critical foundation for future low-cost commercial CNT electronics.
Hull Girder Ultimate Strength Analysis of 17500 LTDW Oil Tanker under the Combined Global and Local Load using Explicit Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zakki Ahmad Fauzan , Sisworo Sarjito Joko
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the hull girder’s ultimate strength of 17500 LTDW Oil Tanker. The explicit finite element analysis is carried out to estimate the hull girder longitudinal strength of the Oil Tanker. The numerical analysis starts with the longitudinal strength analyses that examine the ship’s structural response behavior due to sagging and hogging bending moment load. The structural strength analyses were conducted to determine the maximum structural response behavior for withstanding the operational load. Afterward, the hull girder’s ultimate strength is undertaken to reflect the progressive collapse behavior of the oil tanker structure under the combined global bending moment and local hydrostatic pressure load. The explicit finite element analysis is performed to estimate the ultimate strength behavior, considering the effect of the hydrostatic pressure load and the material nonlinearities. The typical 17500 LTDW oil tanker represents Indonesia’s common oil vessel that supports national fuel oil distribution. Furthermore, this study can recognize the oil tanker’s ultimate hull girder strength characteristics.
The Concept of Integrated Coastal Management for Eco-Tourism Development at Dalegan Beach, Gresik Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ikhwani H , Putro M H M , Mustain M , Satrio D , Sujantoko  , Hadiwidodo Y S , Nasution P H O
Published: July 2023

Indonesia has enormous potential in the maritime sector, specifically in the tourism sector. Tourism in Indonesia is developing in several regions. There is one of the tourism destinations in Gresik Regency, that is Dalegan Beach. Dalegan Beach is located in Dalegan Village, Panceng District which has an area of 6.39 km2. Dalegan Beach has an area of about 2.3 ha and a beach length of about 180 meters. Dalegan Beach has a potential eco-tourism because of sloping beach topography, calm waves and white sand. However, to develop the Dalegan Beach as an eco-tourism have several obstacles. There are lack of infrastructure to support tourist attractions, unclear collaboration between the village community and the local government, and poor management so that the development of eco-tourism is not optimal. This study aims to improve the management of Dalegan Beach as eco-tourism, which involved all stakeholders include local governments, communities, regional consultative bodies and universities. The Analythic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied on this study in order obtaining an integrated and sustainable beach management formula based on priority scale. There are five factors used for the criteria in this analysis process, those are environmental, economic, social, infrastructure, and legal. Furthermore, the Expert Choice software are used to process inputs gained from the stake holders. The result of analysis indicates the order of alternative priority management that must be carried out namely human resource empowerment of 0.336 or (33.6%), then the development of tourist destinations with a value of 0.256 or (25.6%), further development of tourism marketing of 0.238 or (23.8%) and finally industrial development of 0.170 or (17.0%).