bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Interleukin 4, High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Activity of Alanine Transaminase Among Cooks in Nnewi
Authors: Ihim Augustine Chinedu , Iloka Joy Chiemeka , Onah Christian Ejike , Obi Patrick Chinedu , Osakue N , Agbo Ejiofor Christopher , Awalu JC
Published: March 2024

Soot arises from burning wood, oils, tires, and other hydrocarbon or organic compounds. Soot is widespread and has a massive detrimental effect on human health, climate, and air quality. The serum levels of Interleukin 4, High sensitivity C-reactive protein, and alanine transaminase activity were evaluated. This cross–sectional study recruited 90 participants consisting of 45 participants exposed to soot (test group) and 45 participants not exposed to soot (control group). The Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology Ethics Committee at Nnamdi Azikiwe University granted ethical approval, and participants’ informed consent was acquired. Interleukin 4 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were determined using the Sandwich ELISA method while the activity of alanine transaminase was determined using the spectrophotometric method. Questionnaires were used to obtain the socio-demographic data of the participants and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight (kg)/height2 (m2). Independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis and significance was set at p<0.05. The results showed that the mean serum activity of alanine transaminase (9.30 ± 0.28) was significantly lower in the participants exposed to soot compared with the control (9.48 ± 0.37) (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the mean serum levels of Interleukin 4 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein of participants exposed to soot compared with the control (p>0.05). Hence, exposure to soot through the use of firewood did not predispose cooks to systemic inflammation, or cardiovascular and hepatic dysfunctions.

Keywords: Soot, alanine transaminase, Interleukin 4, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, inflammation
A Comprehensive Review of Tamaric gallica Linn.: A Herbal Haemostat with special reference in Unani Medicine
Authors: Ateeq Iram , Firdose Kouser Fathima
Published: March 2024

Background and aim: Tamarix gallica L. is commonly known as “Jhau”. These deciduous, herbaceous, twiggy shrub or small tree reaching up to about 5 meters high and mainly found in the salty regions and is found between interdunal areas of the desert. It has enormous potential and having a broad spectrum of activity on a variety of illnesses such as leukoderma, eye diseases, teeth disorder, any type of hemorrhage, spleen disorders etc. This review aims to compile maximum information available, regarding its various traditional uses, pharmacognosy, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities to enrich our knowledge about this plant.

Materials and methods: A manual literature survey of classical Unani texts such as Khazā’in al-Adwiya, Tanqīh-al-Mufradāt, Bustān-al- Mufradāt, Muḥīṭ-i-A‘ẓam and online literature survey from Pubmed, Google scholar, Cochrane library, science direct was conducted to collect the information available on the plant Tamarix gallica.

Result and discussion: The findings of the literature survey on the basis of previous phytochemical analyses of this plant revealed the presence of a number of components, some of which are tannin, tannic acid, tamarixin, significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidants like carotenoids and essential oils which are extracted from various parts of the plants. Its reported pharmacological activities include anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic activity and hepatoprotective activities.

Keywords: Tamarix gallica, phytochemical analyses, tannin, antioxidant, pharmacological activities, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antiproliferative, antibacterial.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. Among Pregnant Women Attending General Hospitals in Delta Central Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: Egbule Olivia Sochi , Morka Emmanuel , Omenogor Patricia Konye
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. among pregnant women who visit the General Hospital in Delta Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. Samples were collected from the vaginal and rectum areas of pregnant women attending the General Hospitals of Abraka, Oghara, Udu, Ughelli North and Ughelli South. Bacteriological and biochemical analyses were conducted to isolate, characterize, and identify the bacteria. Two types of bacteria were found; Enterococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. The study result showed that Staphylococcus aureus (13.7%) was more prevalent than other isolates and was found in samples obtained from Udu General Hospital. In comparison, Ughelli South General Hospital had the lowest prevalence for S. aureus (7.9%). Samples from Oghara General Hospital had the highest prevalence for Enterococcus sp. (3.7%) while the lowest prevalence for Enterococcus sp. (1.1%) was obtained from Ughelli South General Hospital. S. aureus (51.6%) was found to be the most prevalent bacterium, while Enterococcus sp. (11.1%) was the least prevalent. The bacterial load from the vaginal swab samples was higher than that of rectum swab samples, which suggests that pregnant women attending these hospitals may have infections. The total bacterial count among pregnant women was highest in samples obtained from Udu General Hospital (5.4±0.5), followed by Abraka (5.0±0.6), Oghara (4.8±0.2), and Ughelli North (4.5±0.15), and while the least count was recorded from samples obtained from Ughelli South General Hospital (3.0±0.2). This study helps manage and plan future medical treatments. Pregnant women should be screened early in their pregnancies, between the 12th and 16th weeks, which is the second trimester, and treated appropriately to avoid complications that arise from untreated infections. 

Keywords: Prevalence, vaginal, pregnancy, women, infection
A Traditional Review: The Utilization of Nutraceutical as a Traditional Cure for the Modern World at Current Prospectus for Multiple Health Conditions
Authors: Pandey Prachi , Pal Rahul , Koli Manju , Malakar Raj Kumar , Verma Sandeep , Kumar Narendra , Kumar Pavan
Published: March 2024

Nutraceuticals refer to food products that have a positive impact on the well-being of individuals. This category includes dietary supplements, herbal products, probiotics, and prebiotics, as well as medical foods designed for disease prevention and treatment. The nutraceutical market is witnessing substantial growth worldwide, primarily due to the growing awareness among consumers about the connection between diet and health. Additionally, there is a rising demand for functional foods and dietary supplements. As consumers prioritize preventive healthcare, they are increasingly looking for products that provide targeted health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The rise of this trend can be attributed to various factors, including the aging population, rising healthcare expenses, and a preference for natural and organic ingredients. Nutraceuticals, as a major force in the industry, offer numerous beneficial effects with minimal undesirable impacts, thus attracting more consumer interest. The increasing shift towards preventive treatments, along with the growth in disposable income and a positive market outlook for the pharmaceutical sector, has primarily contributed to the expanding nutraceutical market in India. However, challenges such as the lack of regulation and awareness, high pricing, marketing, and distribution issues need to be addressed. Nutraceutical market is seeing flowing development chiefly in United States, India, and European nations. This review article primarily focuses on providing a concise overview of nutraceuticals, categorizing them, and discussing their significant roles in various health conditions. Additionally, it delves into the present and future status of nutraceuticals on a global scale.

Keywords: traditional cure; nutraceuticals; remedy; prebiotics; probiotics; regulatory compliance; supplementary diets; nutraceutical ingredients.
Clinical study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Boozidaan (Pyrethrum indicum) in the management of Niqris Muzmin (Chronic Gout)
Authors: AMIN JOSEE , Islam Naquibul , Rafeeqi Towseef Amin
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to observe the Efficacy of unani pharmacopoeial formulation Boozidan (Pyrethrum indicum) for the management of Niqris Muzmin (Chronic gout) and to observe any concomitant and adverse effects of formulation.

Methods: This single blind, randomized and standard control clinical study was conducted between April 2021 to October 2021 for a period of 28 days. 60 patients diagnosed with chronic gout were divided into two groups, 30 Test group and 30 Control group. The test group was administered with 5g boozidaan in powder form once daily with water and the patients of control group were given tablet febuxostat 80mg once daily. Patients were followed up and improvements in subjective parameters were assessed weekly at 7th, 14th, 21st, and 29th day. Objective parameters were assessed at the baseline and at 29th day. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Both the test and control drug were effective in reducing Serum uric acid level, ESR and CRP levels.  A significant improvement in subjective and objective parameters was observed in both test and control groups and no adverse effects were observed during and after the study.

However, the test drug had superior efficacy in reducing the objective parameters and it was statistically significant (p-value<0.0001).

Conclusion: Both Boozidaan and Febuxostat were safe and significantly effective in resolving the symptoms and signs of gouty arthritis and both have significant effect on reducing serum uric acid level.

Keywords: Boozidaan, Chronic gout, Niqris, Febuxostat, serum uric acid, unani medicine
An Overview of Niosomes
Authors: Kaur Pardeep , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: March 2024

In recent times, there has been a significant shift towards developing targeted biological substances for the treatment of infectious diseases and vaccination. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles, known as niosomes, have emerged as a distinctive vesicular structure in contemporary drug delivery methods due to their biological breakdown, compatibility, chemical resistance, cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing and preservation, and low toxicity. The progress in nanocarrier technology has garnered attention for its safety and associated advantages, including enhanced therapeutic administration with diverse pharmacological effects, improved targeting capabilities, and reduced side effects. Niosomes serve as vesicular carriers for drugs, composed of non-ionized surfactants, cholesterol or analogs, and charged molecules that enable controlled and targeted drug delivery. They are categorized as unilamellar, oligolamellar, or multilamellar structures. This comprehensive review article provides an overview of niosomes, covering their structure, types, formulation methods, characterization, advantages and disadvantages, preparation techniques, influencing factors, evaluation criteria, applications, and currently available formulations in the market.
Keywords: Niosomes, drug delivery system, methods of Preparation, Applications.
Current Perspective in Mixed Pain
Authors: Guillén-Núñez María del Rocío , Juárez-Lemus Angel Manuel , Hernández-Porras Berenice Carolina , Hernández-Rodríguez Daniela
Published: March 2024

Pain is one of the 10 leading causes of medical consultation worldwide and is the alarm symptom of the organism in situations that threaten its integrity, however, when it becomes chronic, it loses its protective capacity and becomes, in many cases, the disease itself.

According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic. Mixed pain has been described years ago due to the coexistence of different types of pain.

We can conclude that we do not have a screening tool and/or treatment algorithm for mixed pain, so it is preferable that pain management begins with a rigorous assessment, using the latest available tools, followed by individualized evidence-based treatment with multimodal therapy when appropriate.

Keywords: nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, mixed pain.
Application of direct electric current to the corneal and conjunctival epithelia regulates the tight junctional assembly for ocular iontophoretic drug delivery
Authors: Sekijima Hidehisa , Hazama Yutaro , Kimura Soichiro , Morimoto Yasunori , Ueda Hideo
Published: March 2024

Objectives: In this study, we determined how iontophoresis (IP) affects tight junctions (TJs) in isolated rabbit corneas and conjunctiva.

Methods: Direct electric current in the range of 0.5–2.0 and 0.5–10 mA/cm2 were applied to the cornea and conjunctiva, respectively, for 30 min. The localization and expression levels of TJ-associated proteins were assessed before and after the application of the electric currents using immunostaining and western blotting.

Results: In both corneal and conjunctival epithelia, the localization of proteins, such as claudin-1, claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1, was temporarily altered by anodal and cathodal IP; however, the protein relocalization was slower at higher currents. Additionally, in both anodal and cathodal IP, the expression levels of claudin-1 and occludin in the cornea and conjunctiva remained unchanged after the application of the electric currents compared with those before.

Conclusion: Our results indicated that the application of a direct electric current temporarily regulated TJ assemblies without altering the levels of TJ-associated proteins in both the cornea and conjunctiva. This temporary weakening of the paracellular barrier by the current may be responsible for the enhanced drug transport across the cornea and conjunctiva induced by ocular IP.

Keywords: ocular drug delivery, iontophoresis, electric current, cornea, conjunctiva, tight junction
The Relationship between Patient Safety Culture and The Level of Knowledge of Health Personnel with Compliance in Patient Identification Implementation in Hospital
Authors: Ayu Agustina , Fiohana Puput , Chalidyanto Djazuly , Damayanti Nyoman Anita
Published: March 2024

The basic principle of health care in health institutions that continues to require quality improvement is patient safety. This study aims to analyze the relationship between patient safety culture and the level of knowledge of health workers with compliance with patient identification. This research is quantitative analytical with an observational approach. Data was collected on 70 respondents by observing patient identification compliance, patient safety culture questionnaires, and the level of knowledge of health workers regarding patient identification. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient analysis. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant relationship between patient safety culture and level of knowledge and compliance with patient identification (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The findings of this study provide insight into the importance of patient safety culture and the level of knowledge of health workers in increasing their compliance in carrying out patient identification, especially in hospitals. This study suggests that management and related health workers should actively participate in implementing patient safety programs, especially those involved in patient identification, to achieve optimal patient safety outcomes.

Keywords: Patient Safety Culture, Patient Identification, Hospital, Health personnel
Relationship between antibody titer than the Incidence of Infection After Complete Dose of COVID-19 Astrazeneca Vaccination Based on Sociodemographics
Authors: Lukas Stefanus , Ramatillah Diana Laila , Aldi Yufri , Wahyuni Fatma Sri
Published: March 2024

Background: Vaccine is an essential tool to limit the health of the COVID -19 pandemic and one of the vaccines that got permitted to used is AstraZeneca Vaccine. The base of the AstraZeneca is the viral vector vaccine. This vaccine has a more advanced method that uses a modified virus to trigger antibodies to make herd immunity for people. Objective: To found correlation between antibody titer than the incidence of Covid infection after complete dose vaccination base on sociodemographics Method: Observasional prospective Cohort method was use in this study with a convenience sampling design. Inclusion criteria were all Indonesian citizens above 18 years old (n=113) who were vaccinated at UTA 45 Jakarta Vaccine Center with no history of COVID -19 before the vaccination and had filled up the informed consents. Results: there were 43 (38%) respondents infected Covid-19 after vaccinated full dosesConclusion: Base on this study, it was found that there was a correlation between sociodemographics after vaccinated full doses AstraZeneca, gender, age, comorbid, smoking, and drinking than infected Covid -19 (P-value < 0.05)).

Keywords: Astrazeneca vaccine, Antibody titer, COVID-19.
To Carry Out Anti-Arthritic Activity of Combination of Quercetin and Curcumin Using FCA (Freund’s Complete Adjuvant) Induced Arthritis in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Sabale Ajay Sunil , Sabale Anjali Sunil , Kale Gajendra , Machale Arati , Kamble H. V. , Hambir Supriya
Published: March 2024

To investigate anti-arthritic activity of Quercetin and Curcumin in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. AA was induced by injecting with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Rats were randomly divided into six groups with 10 mice in each group: (1) Normal group (saline), (2) Vehicle control, (3) Leflunomide (LF, 10 mg/kg), (4) Curcumin (80), (5) Quercetin (40), (6) Curcumin (80) + Quercetin (40). Male SD rats were subjected to treatment with Lut at 10 mg/kg from days 18 to 24 after immunization. Arthritic scores, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), paw histopathology and the proteins of P2X4 pathway were assessed at the end of the experiment. Lut reduced the severity of arthritic scores during the experimental period as compared with positive control (RA). Lut significantly suppressed TNF-α and IL-1 as compared with RA group. Histopathological examination indicated that Lut alleviated infiltration of inflammatory cells and synovial hyperplasia as well as protected joint destruction. Lut significantly suppressed inflammatory cells, and Caspase-1p10. Quercetin and Curcumin may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, anti-arthritic activity, Quercetin, Curcumin, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), Leflunomide, histopathology.
Nanotechnology at Work: Hydrogel Drug Delivery Architectures
Authors: Aher Shubhangi , Solanki Dipti , Jain Aparna
Published: March 2024

Hydrogels represent three-dimensional, interconnected networks known to absorb substantial amounts of H2O but at the same time, being insoluble in the aforementioned solvent. Their exceptional hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility and diverse therapeutic potential position them as highly promising biomaterials within biological and biomedical fields. These materials, on account of their innoxious innate characteristics and safe utilization, have garnered widespread acceptance across tremendous and diverse biomedical applications ranging from traditional therapies to state-of-the-art advancements. This extensive review incorporates a spectrum of varied types of hydrogels, elaborating on both their chemical, physical aspects and also throws light on the rheological, analytical and spectroscopic tools employed for their characterization. It also continues to elaborate on the various mechanisms of gelation for facilitating a better understanding of the topic under discussion. The review also discusses the different strategies which are substantiated in recent times to expand the utilisation of hydrogels. The primary intent of this review is to render a comprehensive understanding of hydrogels as an ideal drug delivery system to undergraduates, graduates, biomedical students and researchers across the globe. It also targets to unravel the fundamental, applied and general aspects of hydrogels, offering valuable insights to help individuals associated with multidisciplinary research and application spheres.

Keywords: Gelation, Biocompatibility, Cross-linking, Smart hydrogels, Polymerization, Architecture, Polymer network
Unani perspective of Saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) beyond a spice
Authors: Wani Ghulam Nabi , Naaz Afifa , Begum Wajeeha , Fathima Shavana
Published: March 2024

Background: Saffron is a significant medicinal herb that has a lot of potential for use in the development of new drugs. Since ancient times, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been associated with various health benefits in various parts of the world. Some of these applications have been overlooked over time. However, interest in naturally occurring active compounds has rekindled interest in saffron's past applications and the best applications for saffron today can be aided by knowing its various historical uses. It was prized as a culinary spice as well as a perfume, color, and medicinal herb. It was used medicinally in many different cultures to treat a wide range of ailments, from genitourinary to eye problems. In many countries, it was also used as an antidepressant and tonic substance.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the traditional and modern uses of Crocus sativus, with particular attention to its chemical makeup, pharmacological characteristics, and ethnobotanical description.

Methodology: Scientific databases and publications about the chemical profile, biological activity, and historical use of saffron were included in the literature search.

Results: Saffron is bitter, acrid, fragrant, stimulant, tonic, stomachic, aphrodisiac, anodyne, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diuretic, laxative, galactagogue, and helpful in treating bronchitis, vomiting, fever, melancholia, hepatomegaly, etc. it is widely used in alternative medicine, such as the Unani System of Medicine, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Saffron has been the subject of numerous phytochemical and biochemical studies due to its extensive use in traditional medical systems. These studies have revealed that saffron contains a number of constituents, including crocetin, safranal, and crocins, the latter of which is primarily responsible for pharmacological actions.

Keywords; saffron, medicinal herb, unani medicine, crocetin, safranal, emmenagogue.
Development of a technique for determining the viability of dormant organisms in powdered substances
Authors: Gaidashev Ivan Andreevich , Nikolaeva Yuliana Gennadievna , Syroeshkin Anton Vladimirovich
Published: March 2024

The purposes of pharmaceutical biotechnology and quality control of probiotics containing lyophilized bacterial preparations, as well as the purpose of ensuring biological safety, require methods for rapid determination of the viability of dormant forms. This paper describes an approach to determining the viability of dry powdered substances. Lyophilized powder of Kalanchoe daigermontiana, dry dormant eggs of Artemia salina, and dry powder of Lycopodium sp. spores were proposed as model objects. Suspensions of virus-like particles (VLPs) to SARS-CoV-2 were proposed as a cell-free reference material. The following methods of elemental analysis were used in the study: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) on an energy-dispersive device, atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization, and Zeeman background correction (GZ-AAS). The free water content was determined by NMR spin echo. A new method was also used for recording the kinetics of changes in broadband radio emission in the centimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges, with a measurement duration of up to 20 minutes. Live and inactivated powdered preparations of K. daigermontiana and A. salina were prepared and characterized by elemental composition, water content, and spin-spin relaxation time (T2). For these live and inactivated preparations, it was determined that the flux density of intrinsic thermal radio emission decreases by an order of magnitude with the loss of viability. In the future, the results obtained will allow for a rapid test of the viability of lyophilized therapeutics (from medicinal plants to bacterial mixtures that stabilize the intestinal microflora).

Keywords: millimeter emission, X-ray fluorescence analysis, NMR spin echo, nanoparticles, powdered substances, medicinal plant raw materials
Outbreak Over Monkey Pox Virus in Human: Immediate Countermeasures from the Endemic to Non-Endemic Regions
Authors: Jain Sameeksha , Jha Megha , Singh Anjali , Haldkar Rashmi , Jain Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2024

A zoonotic orthopoxvirus called human monkeypox has symptoms that resemble smallpox. When people come into contact with diseased animals, they may unintentionally contract monkeypox. According to reports, the virus can also spread through close physical contact, such as skin-to-skin contact or sexual contact, respiratory droplets, and by household items like towels and blankets. There are numerous medical countermeasures on hand for orthopoxviruses like monkeypox. Monkeypox, which originated in western and central Africa, has lately been found in a integer of nations, counting Spain, Canada, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Despite its extremely low incidence rate, it nonetheless poses a serious concern that needs to be addressed as soon as possible because of the strong likelihood that it will spread to many other nations. Outside of endemic areas, the danger of monkeypox transmission in medical settings is not well known. One recorded instance of transmission was found after a quick assessment of the literature from 2000 to 2022, which also included cases outside of areas where monkeypox is endemic. It is unusual for monkeypox to recur in non-endemic nations. It is a zoonosis that can extend from animal to human and from human to human, and it has clinical characteristics comparable to smallpox. The latest outbreaks may be attributed to lowered resistance to the orthopoxviruses, movement of people from widespread to non-endemic areas, hereditary alterations in the viral genome, and diminished observation.  Transmission and pathogenicity could be avoided with the use of a multifaceted strategy that includes health education, monitoring human mobility, the development of diagnostic tools, and an efficient vaccination.

Keywords: Monkeypox, Outbreak, Orthopoxvirus, Epidemiology, Vaccination, Virology, Public health, Preventive measures
A Basic Review on Hypertension, its Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Singh Anjali , Vishal Vishal , Kumar Ankit , Sonam Sonam , Kumar Nitin , Sharma Neelam
Published: March 2024

Hypertension (HTN) Is Prevalent Leading Health Issue Around the World. It is significant cause for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk factors? The term "high blood pressure" refers to hypertension. It is long term condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries continuously increased. Distribution of HTN in developed nation, in obese, elderly, pregnancy and now a day’s teenager is also affected. The pathological mechanisms involved in HTN are genetics, sympathetic nervous system over activity, gender differences, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, obstructive sleep apnoea, racial and ethnic factors, and many others. it can be prevented by reducing salt intake, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation. There are many drugs are available for the treatment of this and its combination therapy is more effective. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current state of the disease's management are covered in this study.

Keywords: Hypertension, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance
Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Intermittent Fasting: A Comprehensive Review on its Impact on Neurological Diseases
Authors: Jeevitha Marudhachalam , Shanmuga Sundhram R , Sambath Kumar R
Published: March 2024

Background: Intermittent fasting has various benefits for brain health, owing to the physiological alterations occurring in the human body during intervals of fasting. Fasting induces a metabolic condition that improves neuronal bioenergetics, plasticity, and resilience, potentially counteracting a variety of neurological disorders.

Objectives: In the current research, we reveal the impact of IF (Intermittent Fasting)on neurological diseases.

Methodology: A literature review was conducted to create recent studies on how IF impacts neurological illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases and Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders.

Results: Fasting decreases the production of inflammatory mediators including homocysteine, IL6, and C-reactive protein which could reduce the creation of plaques that lead to atherosclerosis, which is the primary cause of stroke in individuals. IF and ketogenic diets involve significant mechanisms, including enhanced beta-hydroxybutyrate, that have been linked with improved seizure management in certain studies, as well as the induction of other systems that work together to sustain synaptic activity. IF may also improve health and QoL (Quality Of Life)  for those who have relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis. IF could prove to be a beneficial dietary treatment for the prevention and/or deceleration of dementia progression.

Conclusion: The creation of a self-empowering, affordable, and effective treatment alternative for a range of neurological issues in a time of rising medical costs and a rise in neurological diseases. In the future, if these studies are given priority, fasting regimens will be advised in addition to medication-based strategies, leading to the development of a single metabolic strategy that can alter the course and symptoms of the most prevalent and impairing neurological disorders that currently exist.

Keywords: Intermittent Fasting, Neurological disease, Brain health.
Animals Use to Find Anxiolytic Activity: An Updated Review with Advantage of Each Model
Authors: Akash Akash , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: March 2024

Anxiety affects both humans and animals in profound ways, and understanding its psychological and biological components is essential to the development of anxiolytic medications. Animal models are utilized as simulations to explain emotional activities and as screening tools in anxiety research. Rats are the animal model used most often; mice, a more genetically flexible mammal, do less well in animal models. Behavioral investigations need careful consideration of changeable characteristics related to handling, climate, or models. To help us better understand the neurobiological elements of anxiety, the most recent experimental anxiety models such as the elevated plus maze apparatus, light-dark model, open field apparatus, and hole board apparatus are being examined. Psychopharmacological disorders affect one in seven Indians; nevertheless, adverse effects include weight gain, cramping in the muscles, dysphoria, upset stomach, blurred vision, and issues with blood tests may occur. In order to improve our knowledge of the animal models used to determine the anxiolytic action in mice, we will talk about pertinent animal models that have been established in this article.
Keywords: Anxiolytic activity, Anxiety, Elevated zero maze, Plus maze, Elevated T maze, light and dark box model and Mirrored chamber, Animal models
DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCTION FOR ORAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND IT’S IMPACT ON DENTAL CARIES OCCURANCE
Authors: Al-Shameri Basheer Hamed Hamood , Alsubari Rassam Abdo Saleh , Howilah Ahmed Abdullah , Al-Rohmi Fatima Mohammed Abdullah , AL-Haddad Khaled A , Al-Sanabani Nesreen Fadel , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: March 2024

Background and aims: Microorganisms are known to be involved in the formation of biofilms. These biofilms are often seen in the oral cavity, tooth surfaces, prosthesis surfaces, attached oral mucosa, dental implants, etc. These are capable of causing dental caries or gingivitis, and most of them are also known to possess a higher ability to cause dental caries than non-biofilm-producing bacteria. This study was conducted to detect the biofilm formation in bacterial isolates from the oral cavity of patients attaining dental clinics in the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University. In addition, the study examined the association between DMFT, decay, missing teeth due to caries, and filled teeth in the permanent teeth and the degree of bacteria ability to produce biofilm.
Materials and Methods: Biofilm production was performed on 294 oral bacteria isolates from 100 patients who visited dental clinics run by Sana'a University's Faculty of Dentistry and private dental clinics. Biofilm-forming oral bacteria were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method. The impact of biofilm production was correlated with the DMFT index of the tested patients.
Results: Out of 294 isolates, biofilm formation was seen in 285 isolates (96.9%) by the TCP method. 21.4% of the iosolates showed a weak ability to produce biofilms, 72.4% showed moderate positivity, and only 3.1% showed strong positivity for biofilm production. Most S. aureus strains showed moderate and strong biofilm production (93.8% and 4.2%, respectively); S. mutans had 86.6% of strains with moderate biofilm production and 1.2% with strong biofilm production, while other streptococci had less biofilm production capacity. The DMFT index for the Yemeni patients included in the study was 5.9±2.4; there was a higher mean±SD (6.2±1.9) of DMFT for weak biofilm-producing bacteria with a difference equal to 3.5, 95% CI=1.4-4.2 (p=0.0001); for moderate biofilm-producing bacteria (6.9±2.5, difference=3.5, 95% CI=1.8-5.2, p=0.0001); and for strong-producing biofilms (mean±SD=6.2±2.9, p=0.03).
Conclusion: In conclusion, a higher DMFT was observed in biofilm producers than in non-biofilm producers. The prime biofilm producers were S. aureus, S. mutans, and E. coli.
                      
Peer Review History:
Received 6 December 2023;   Revised 30 January 2024; Accepted 26 February; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Dr. Mohsen Ali Al-Hamzi, Thamar University, Factuality of Dentistry, Yemen. mohsenalhamzi@gmail.com
ANTIOXIDANT AND HISTOLOGIC RESPONSES OF ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE IN EXPERIMENTALLY COMPROMISED RATS’ TESTES
Authors: Egbuonu Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum , Alaebo Prince Ogochukwu , Njoku Chinomso Juliet , Achi Ngozi Kalu , Eze Obioma Benedeth
Published: March 2024

Aim: The current study assessed the response of MSG and ALon rats' testes histomorphology and homogenate antioxidant markers.
Methodology: Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were allotted to six groups(sample size, n=5) by random sampling and exposed to MSG and AL daily and per oral for 7 days thus: Groups A, distilled water (1 mL Kg−1), B, therapeutic concentration of Artemether-lumefantrine, TAL, (1.14 mg Kg−1AL), C, high dose Artemether- lumefantrine, HAL (5.7 mg Kg−1AL), D, MSG (8000 mg Kg−1), E, TAL (1.14 mg Kg−1AL)+ MSG (8000 mg Kg−1) and F, HAL (5.7 mg Kg−1AL)+ MSG (8000 mg Kg−1). Alterations in the testes histology and antioxidant markers were assessed while data were tested for statistical significance by acceptable protocols.
Results: MSG mono-therapy altered the rats’ testes anti-oxidation mechanism and histology by increasing (p<0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and magnesium (Mg),but decreasing (p<0.05) zinc (Zn) levels and degenerating spermatids within the seminiferous tubules compared to control, and other treatments (except CAT activity in MSG + HAL-fed group that increased (p<0.05) above that of MSG–fed rats). These responses following TAL and HAL mono-treatments were inconsistent compared to control and MSG mono-therapies. These underscore the proclivity of MSG + HAL co-therapy to up-regulate the apparent dysfunction in CAT metabolism, and the inconsistency in the apparent modulatory responses by AL against effects by MSG mono-therapy in the rats’ testes.
Conclusion: AL caused inconsistent modulation of alterations in rats’ testes histology and antioxidant function markers due to MSG assault. The modulation may not be sustainable and the alterations may be instead being spiked warranting caution in co-feeding AL and MSGto rats.
                     
Peer Review History:
Received 5 December 2023;   Revised 28 January 2024; Accepted 29 February; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Rima Benatoui, Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Algeria.   benattouiryma@gmail.com
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MICE LIVER AND KIDNEY ON ORAL ACUTE TESTING OF WHITE RADISH TUBER LYOPHILISATE
Authors: Wahyuddin Nurzadrina , Utami Yuri Pratiwi , Rahman Noer Fauziah , Nodjeng Andi Rainun Puspa , Marewa Kezya Ratu
Published: March 2024

Background and aim: Radish tuber (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of the plant species often consumed by society as a vegetable. Currently, its use is beginning to expand as a medicinal plant, including its use for diabetes, pharyngitis, sinusitis, cardiac fibrosis, diuretics, and bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the histopathology of the liver and kidney organs in male albino mice (Mus musculus) by testing the oral pungency of white radish (Raphanus sativus L.).
Methods: This experimental study used 12 mice weighing 25–30 grams, divided into 4 treatment groups: Group 1 was administered aquadest, Group 2 received a dose of 400 mg, Group 3 received 800 mg, and Group 4 received 1600 mg of the medication. The treatment was carried out for 14 days, and then the mice were euthanized to see the histopathology of the hepatic and kidney tissues.
Results: In the histopathology of the liver and kidney in treatment groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, the results were normal, mild, moderate, and severe damage, respectively. In kidney histopathology, there are signs of damaged tissue, such as bleeding, edema, and inflamation cells.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the higher the dose of white radish lyophilizate, the greater the potential to cause toxicity to the liver and kidney organs.
                     
Peer Review History:
Received 3 December 2023;   Revised 29 January 2024; Accepted 27 February; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
A REVIEW: OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA AS A SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND INGREDIENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL FOODS, NUTRITION, HUMAN DISEASE AND HEALTH
Authors: Ahmed Fatma A. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , El-Azab Mayada M. , Fahmy Waleed G E , Fahmy Dina M.
Published: March 2024

Originally from Mexico, today, prickly pears (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) can be found worldwide, but they are most common in Africa., Australia, and the countries of the Mediterranean. The Cactaceae family, which has more than 1500 species of cactus, includes prickly pears. Additionally, consumers are becoming more and more interested in it because it contains bioactive substances like carotenoids, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamins that are linked to important biological and functional activities such as effects on antioxidants, inflammation, and hypoglycemia as it prospers in dry and semiarid areas, this plant is very effective in preventing desertification and can be exploited in fields and gardens as a fence. Although it is frequently used today to make culinary products like jams and juices, it is also eaten as a fruit. If one wishes to create novel products with health-promoting properties for food, cosmetics, or pharmaceutical fields, As a feasible wellspring of phytochemicals for practical food sources, natural additions, or nutritional supplements, prickly pears are affordable.
                    
Peer Review History:
Received 3 December 2023;   Revised 25 January 2024; Accepted 6 March; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 
Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye, evren.yapar@yahoo.com
TARGET ONCOGENIC RECEPTORS IN TUMOURS, FROM ITS INITIAL CLINICAL BREAKTHROUGHS TO CURRENT CLINICAL STANDARD THERAPY
Authors: Zhu George
Published: March 2024

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide hormone originally isolated from mouse submaxillary gland, which is a potent mitogen for a wide variety of culture cells of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin, and its important role in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural and glial precursor cells. The physiological effects of EGF are mediated by an EGF receptor with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. The traditionally accepted view is that normal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is no tumorigenic, whereas mutated EGFR such as an oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII is oncogenic. In recent, it has been implicated that EGF could be beneficial for burn, wound healing, diabetic foot ulcer, and show an attractive perspective. In addition, cosmetic containing EGF would be effective in improving the plasticity of skin, helps in anti-aging and whitening, and controls the amount of erythema and sebum in the skin. In our team we have successfully prepared a series of 350 bottles of Shampoo liquid and 26 bottles of recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) spray, and 4 bottles of EGF-Silvadence ointment. The initial results indicated that prepared rhEGF is safe and available in clinical use. On the other hand, progress on the interaction of EGF with its altered oncogenic receptor signaling through its downstream molecules such Ras/Raf/MAPK (see figure in the full text, George Zhu,1991) and/or PI3k/akt pathway in the development of some cancers such as A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, brain glioblastoma, breast, pancreas and lung cancers. In addition to a series of gefitinib, erlotinib, osimertinib and the CIMA vax-EGF vaccine, an antioncogenic receptor antibody based fusion protein [for example Cetuximab-based IL-10 fusion protein, CmAb-(IL10)2] provide a potential strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy.
                    
Peer Review History:
Received 1 December 2023;   Revised 26 January 2024; Accepted 2 March; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
What Makes an Argument Strong?
Authors: Scott Blake D.
Published: March 2024

It is widely believed that Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s theory of argumentation is vulnerable to the charge of relativism. This paper provides a more charitable interpretation of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s normative views, one that properly considers the historical trajectory of their work and a wider range of texts than existing interpretations. It is argued that their views are better characterized as a form of “contrastivism about arguments” than any kind relativism. This more accurate depiction contributes to ongoing efforts to revive interest in Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca’s work as well as build bridges with trends in contemporary argumentation theory.
Generative AI and Argument Creativity
Authors: Vigeant Louise
Published: March 2024

Generative AI appears to threaten argument creativity. Because of its capacity to generate coherent texts, individuals are likely to integrate its ideas, and not their own, into arguments, thereby reducing their creative contribution. This article argues that this view is mistaken—it rests on a misunderstanding of the nature of creativity. Within arguments, creative and critical thinking cannot be separated. Because creativity is enmeshed with skills such as analysis and evaluation, the use of generative AI in the construction of arguments, especially in the role as universal audience, has the potential to heighten, not diminish argument creativity.
Arguments from Fairness and Extensive Interpretation in Greek Judicial Rhetoric
Authors: Könczöl Miklós
Published: March 2024

Arguments from fairness as described in Aristotle’s Rhetoric are usually taken to aim at mitigating the strictness of the law or, in terms of procedure, to favour the defendant. This paper considers a more inclusive interpretation, that is, that arguments from fairness can work both ways. In the example given in the Rhetoric, arguments from fairness are directed at a restrictive interpretation of the text. That may not be necessary however. Likewise, fairness may speak for the claimant. Two examples may support this conclusion: a judicial speech by Hyperides, and the doctrine of issues appearing in Hellenistic school rhetoric.
Electrocatalytic Multicomponent Cascade Cross-Coupling for Synthesis of Chalcogenosulfonates
Authors: Zhao Zhiheng , Yan Hongyan , Zhou Yaqin , Xue Wei , Gu Lijun , Zhang Shengyong
Published: March 2024

An method for the electrochemical synthesis of chalcogenosulfonates via
a tandem multi-component reaction has been developed. This method is
performed in an undivided cell without the requirement of external
oxidants, acids, and transition metals. A variety of indoles and
sulfinic acid sodium salts can be used in this method, and it is
effective for the late-stage modifications of complex molecules. Not
only thiosulfonates and selenosulfonates but also sulfonotelluroates
could be prepared, making this protocol a useful tool for the
devel-opment of new functional molecules. The afforded products are
promising for pesticide development.
Modification of MgH2 hydrogen storage performance by nickel-based composite catalyst Ni/NiO
Authors: Li Wenxuan , Yang Xinglin , Hou Quanhui , Lu Xiaohui , Kong Jie , Su Jianye
Published: March 2024

In this study, Ni/NiO catalyst has been demonstrated to enhance the
hydrogen storage performance of MgH2. The dehydrogenation of MgH2+10wt%
Ni/NiO started at approximately 180°C , achieving 5.83 wt% of
dehydrogenation within 10 minutes at 300°C. Completely dehydrogenated
MgH2 began to rehydrogenate at about 50°C, absorbing about 4.56 wt% of
hydrogen in 10 minutes at 150°C. In addition, the activation energies of
dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation of MgH2+10wt% Ni/NiO were 87.21 and
34.84 kJ/mol. During the dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation cycle,
Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4 could promote the diffusion of hydrogen, thus enhancing
the hydrogen storage performance of Mg/MgH2.