bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐(2‐Furanyl)indoles from Acetylenedicarboxylate, Isocyanide, and 3‐Formylindole.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy A. Mallikarjun , Somashekar D. , Yadav J. S. , Sridhar B.
Published: November 2010

The desired products are readily available in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: A Three‐Step Tandem Process for the Synthesis of Bicyclic γ‐Lactams.
Authors: McGonagle Fiona I. , Brown Lindsay , Cooke Andrew , Sutherland Andrew
Published: November 2010

Allylic trichloroacetimidates derived from the corresponding alcohols are subjected without purification to a palladium‐catalyzed Overman rearrangement, followed by ring closing metathesis and a final Kharasch cyclization to give bicyclic lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Approach in Aqueous Phase Synthesis of Isoxazolidine Derivatives from N‐Phenyl‐α‐amino Nitrone and Their Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Chakraborty Bhaskar , Chhetri Manjit Singh , Samanta Amalesh
Published: November 2010

The cycloaddition reaction affords the target compounds in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C—O Bond Activation for the Synthesis of Propargyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 1,1‐Bis‐triazoles.
Authors: Yan Wuming , Wang Qiaoyi , Chen Yunfeng , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong
Published: November 2010

Alcohol substrates bearing aromatic and vinylic moieties afford high yields, whereas those with an aliphatic substituent at the hydroxyl site [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel Benzotriazole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Wan Jun , Lv Peng‐Cheng , Tian Na‐Na , Zhu Hai‐Liang
Published: November 2010

Some of the title compounds, e.g. (IIIa)‐(IIIe) and (Va), exhibit potent antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Azaindoles via a Cycloaddition Reaction Between Nitriles and Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Moustafa Mahmoud M. Abd Rabo , Pagenkopf Brian L.
Published: November 2010

The new inexpensive two‐step sequence allows the preparation of pharmacologically important azaindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Bromo‐2‐trifluoroacetylcyclobutenes as Novel Building Blocks for the Construction of Trifluoromethyl Substituted Heterocycles. Part 3. Synthesis of Trifluoromethylsubstituted Pyridines, Condensed with Cyclobutene Moieties.
Authors: Koldobskii Andrey B. , Solodova Ekaterina V. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Verteletskii Pavel V. , Kalinin Valery N.
Published: November 2010

This general method allows the construction of trifluoromethylated pyridines which are fused with strained cyclobutene rings.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers to 3‐Aroylpyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazine‐1,2,4‐triones.
Authors: Stepanova E. E. , Babenysheva A. V. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: November 2010

The title reaction gives representatives (III) of a novel, difficultly accessible bridged heterocyclic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Boryl‐ and Silylindoles by Copper‐Catalyzed Borylative and Silylative Cyclization of 2‐Alkenylaryl Isocyanides.
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Fujihara Hirokazu , Koh Keika , Chatani Naoto
Published: November 2010

A new and widely applicable method affords the target compounds which are useful synthons for other 2‐substituted indoles and fused analogues such as paullone (VII), a kinase inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: JBIR‐65, a New Diterpene, Isolated from a Sponge‐Derived Actinomadura sp. SpB081030SC‐15.
Authors: Takagi Motoki , Motohashi Keiichiro , Khan Shams Tabrez , Hashimoto Junko , Shin‐ya Kazuo
Published: November 2010

The new diterpene JBIR‐65 (I) shows radical‐scavenging activity but no cytotoxic or antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck Reaction of Amino Acid Derived Vinyl Substrates in the Synthesis of Homotyrosinol Derivatives.
Authors: Liang Huan , Zhou Yuan , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: November 2010

Catalyst screening reveals that N‐phenylurea in combination with Pd(O‐Ac)2 is superior, even when compared to “Phos”‐type ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Iron(0)‐Mediated N‐Demethylation of N‐Methyl Alkaloids.
Authors: Kok Gaik B. , Pye Cory C. , Singer Robert D. , Scammells Peter J.
Published: November 2010

N‐Oxides, readily obtained by oxidation of the N‐methylated substrate with MCPBA, are subjected to treatment with elemental iron.
ChemInform Abstract: Sensitized Two‐Photon Photochemical Deprotection.
Authors: Pirrung Michael C. , Dore Timothy M. , Zhu Yue , Rana Vipul S.
Published: November 2010

The photochemical deprotection of compound (I) in the presence of isopropyl thioxanthone as a two‐photon sensitizer is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of Fumaquinone (VIa).
Authors: Pena‐Lopez Miguel , Martinez M. Montserrat , Sarandeses Luis A. , Perez Sestelo Jose
Published: November 2010

This method can also be applied to prepare other C‐6 substituted derivatives such as (VIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Electromechanical Computing at 500 °C with Silicon Carbide.
Authors: Lee Te‐Hao , Bhunia Swarup , Mehregany Mehran
Published: November 2010

A microfabricated electromechanical inverter with SiC nanoelectromechanical system switches is developed that is capable of operating at 500 °C with ultralow leakage current achieving virtually zero off‐state current, microwave operating frequencies, and radiation hardness.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel 1H‐Imidazol‐2‐yl‐pyrimidine‐4,6‐diamines as Potential Antimalarials.
Authors: Gray Nathanael S. , et al. et al.
Published: November 2010

Newly synthesized title compounds (I) show potent activity against the erythrocyte‐stage of Plasmodium falciparum, the most causative agent of malaria.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Classical Divalent Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Nief Francois
Published: November 2010

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Studies on Taxus cuspidata
Authors: Wang Yu‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong , Dong Mei , Zhang Man‐Li , Huo Chang‐Hong , Shi Qing‐Wen
Published: November 2010

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidimensional Nanoarchitectures Based on Cyclodextrins
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Liu Yu
Published: November 2010

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Properties of Phosphorus Dendrimers
Authors: Caminade Anne‐Marie , Turrin Cedric‐Olivier , Majoral Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2010

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoparticles in Green Catalysis
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir
Published: November 2010

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds from Cyclitol Derivatives Provided by Bioconversion of myo‐Inositol
Authors: Ogawa Seiichiro , Kanto Miki
Published: November 2010

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Functionalization of Biomolecules via Click Chemistry
Authors: Schilling Christine , Jung Nicole , Braese Stefan
Published: November 2010

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Arylation of Arenes
Authors: Bouffard Jean , Itami Kenichiro
Published: November 2010

Review: 178 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions, and Biological Activity of 4,5‐Diarylimidazole‐2‐thiones
Authors: Dawood K. M. , Abdel‐Wahab B. F.
Published: November 2010

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theory of Organocopper‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Nakamura Eiichi , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: November 2010

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: LD Spectroscopy of Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials
Authors: Hicks Matthew R. , Kowalski Jarosav , Rodger Alison
Published: November 2010

Review: 61 refs.
Heavy Metal Determination and Pollution of the Soil and Plants of Southeast Tavşanlı (Kütahya, Turkey)
Authors: Arık Fetullah , Yaldız Tahsin
Published: November 2010

The investigation area is located to the east of Kütahya–Tavşanlı and, covers an area about 150 km2. The units cropping out in the study area comprise of metamorphic, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks ranging from Upper Paleozoic to Quaternary. There are some polymetallic ore deposits represented by silver, zinc, lead, and antimony deposits and some enrichments related to them such as As, Cd, Tl, Cu, Mn, Ba, and Sr around the Aktepe at the southeast of the study area. In order to investigate the heavy metal contents and contamination in soil and plants, some leaves, branches, and fruits of trees (Salix, oak: Quercus sp., pine: Pinus sp., apple: Malus communis, walnut: Juglans regia, poplar: Populus sp., plane: Platanus orientalis, pear: Pyrus communis, oleaster: Elaeagnus angustifolia) and some herbaceous plants like prickle and meadow samples have been collected and subjected to geochemical analysis. Mean element concentrations of soil samples are 0.7 ppm Ag, 82.6 ppm Pb, 165.3 ppm Zn, and 8.5 ppm Sb. The concentration of As, Cd, Tl, Cu, Mn, Ba, and Sr are 203.3, 1.5, 1.7, 32.6, 1059.5, 718.4, and 289.6 ppm, respectively. With respect to plants the average heavy metal concentrations are 0.14 ppm Ag, 2.49 ppm Pb, 52.34 ppm Zn, and 1.05 ppm Sb and the average concentration of As, Cd, Tl, Cu, Mn, Ba, and Sr are 4.41, 0.64, 0.19, 6.54, 119.80, 39.46 versus 41.21 ppm, respectively. Element distributions of soil and plants depend on to the distance from the present Ag–Pb–Zn–Sb deposits. Element concentrations of plants differ depending on not only plant type like tree and herbaceous plants but also the types of samples such as leaves, branches, or fruits of trees. Especially leaves of trees and herbaceous plants have relatively higher element concentrations. Therefore, people who and animals which live in this area and benefit from these soil and plants have vital risks.
Reduction of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Emission during the Sewage Sludge Composting
Authors: Chen Liu , Xin‐Wu Wu
Published: November 2010

The effect of mature compost (MC) used as a bulking agent on ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and short‐chain fatty acids emission reduction during sewage sludge (SS) composting process was studied in this paper. Three types of mixtures, single SS, SS + wood chips (SS + WC), and SS + MC, were composted in a laboratory reactor. Among the different treatments, decrement rates of NH3 emission (based on initial TN) from SS to SS + MC and SS + WC to SS + MC were 63 and 59%, respectively. The H2S concentration ranged from 0.759 to 1.140 mg m−3 for SS, from 0.075 to 0.455 mg m−3 for SS + WC, and from 0.075 to 0.425 mg m−3 for SS + MC and the short‐chain fatty acids (C2–C5) concentration ranged from 0.10 to 1.00 ppm for SS, from 0.10 to 1.50 ppm for SS + WC, and from 0.10 to 0.80 ppm for SS + MC. In addition, the temperature apparently, as well as the thermophilic stage, was also elevated by bulking agent addition, especially by the MC addition. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that there was more diversity of the bacterial community during the SS + MC process. According to these results, MC was a suitable bulking agent for reduction ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and short‐chain fatty acids emission during the SS composting.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided paracentesis of ascitic fluid
Authors: Wardeh Rooba , Lee John G. , Gu Mai
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND:

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been widely used for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic gastrointestinal (GI) and non‐GI malignancies. Few studies have been published to evaluate the accuracy and the cytologic features of EUS‐guided paracentesis in the diagnosis and staging of malignant neoplasms.

METHODS:

All EUS‐guided paracenteses of ascitic fluid performed at the University of California Irvine Medical Center (UCIMC) from January 2003 to February 2006 were retrospectively retrieved. Corresponding EUS findings, cytology and histology slides, and follow‐up information were reviewed.

RESULTS:

One hundred one (101) cases were found. Two smears were submitted in 11 cases because of the scanty amount of fluid aspirated. In the remaining cases, 5 mL or less of fluid were aspirated in 56 patients, and, of 9 who had prior computed tomography (CT), ascitic fluid was not seen in 6. The cytologic diagnoses were as follows: 17 were positive for adenocarcinoma, 1 positive for metastatic small‐cell carcinoma of the lung, 1 positive for diffuse large‐cell lymphoma, 3 suspicious for adenocarcinoma, 1 suspicious for plasmacytoma, 4 atypical epithelial cells, and 74 negative. Cell block was available in 80 cases and immunohistochemical stains were performed in 71 cases to confirm the diagnosis. Six patients had peritoneal biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy were 80%, 100%, 100%, 95%, and 96%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

EUS‐guided paracentesis is a valuable aid in the cytologic diagnosis of malignant ascites. It is particularly useful when no abnormality is identified by CT. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010;. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Cellular features of psoriatic skin: Imaging and quantification using in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Wolberink E. A. W. , van Erp P. E. J. , Teussink M. M. , van de Kerkhof P. C. M. , Gerritsen M. J. P.
Published: November 2010

Background:

In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel, exciting imaging technique. It provides images of cell‐and tissue structures and dynamics in situ, in real time, without the need for ex vivo tissue samples. RCM visualizes the superficial part of human skin up to a depth of 250 μm. In psoriasis, an erythematosquamous skin disease, we evaluated well known histological features of stable psoriasis vulgaris (PP) with RCM. RCM images were correlated to morphological and cell biological findings in routine HE and immunohistochemical stained histology with CD3 and antifilaggrin antibodies.

Methods:

Lesional and nonlesional skin of eight patients with PP were evaluated with RCM, after which 4‐mm punch biopsies were taken and cut vertically in two equal parts. One part was processed in the conventional vertical way, the other horizontally (en face) for optimal correlation to RCM images. We evaluated and quantificated nine histopathological features of psoriasis: parakeratosis, epidermal and dermal inflammatory infiltrate, diminished or absent stratum granulosum, epidermal thickening, thinning of the suprapapillary epidermal plate, increased height of the papillary dermis, increase in number of dermal papillae and increase in number and volume of papillary capillaries.

Results:

Quantification and evaluation of cell biological and histological features of PP with RCM correlated highly to evaluation in HE, CD3 and filaggrin‐stained histology.

Conclusions:

RCM is a novel technique which can be used for real time, cytometric evaluation and quantification of PP features. RCM might be suited equally for cytometric evaluation of other superficial tissues. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Activation of the nuclear receptor PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in foetal liver from diabetic rats: implications in diabetes‐induced foetal overgrowth
Authors: Martínez Nora , White Verónica , Kurtz Melisa , Higa Romina , Capobianco Evangelina , Jawerbaum Alicia
Published: November 2010

Background

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) is a crucial regulator of liver lipid metabolism. As maternal diabetes impairs foetal lipid metabolism and growth, we aimed to determine whether PPARα activation regulates lipid metabolism in the foetal liver from diabetic rats as well as foetal weight and foetal liver weight.

Methods

Diabetes was induced by neonatal streptozotocin administration (90 mg/kg). For ex vivo studies, livers from 21‐day‐old foetuses from control and diabetic rats were explanted and incubated in the presence of PPARα agonists (clofibrate and leukotriene B4) for further evaluation of lipid levels (by thin layer chromatography and densitometry), de novo lipid synthesis (by 14C‐acetate incorporation) and lipid peroxidation (by thiobarbituric reactive substances evaluation). For in vivo studies, foetuses were injected through the uterine wall with leukotriene B4 on days 19, 20 and 21 of gestation. On day 21 of gestation, foetal liver concentrations of lipids and lipoperoxides were evaluated.

Results

Foetuses from diabetic rats showed increased body weight and liver weight, as well as accumulation of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters, increased de novo lipid synthesis and lipid peroxidation in the liver when compared to controls. Ex vivo studies showed that PPARα ligands reduced both the concentrations and synthesis of the lipid species studied and lipid peroxidation in the foetal liver from diabetic rats. In vivo experiments showed that leukotriene B4 reduced the concentrations of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids, as well as lipid peroxidation, foetal weight and foetal liver weight in diabetic rats.

Conclusions

PPARα activation regulates the impaired foetal liver lipid metabolism, prevents hepatomegaly and reduces foetal overgrowth induced by maternal diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the flaxseed oil on the fatty acid composition of tilapia heads
Authors: Aguiar Ana Carolina , Cottica Solange Maria , Boroski Marcela , Sargi Sheisa Cyléia , do Prado Ivanor Nunes , Bonafé Elton Guntendorfer , França Polyana Batoqui , de Souza Nilson Evelázio , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio
Published: November 2010

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding flaxseed oil (FO) to feed on the incorporation of n‐3 PUFA in tilapia heads. Tilapia were given diets with increasing levels of FO (0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00% for treatments A, B, C, D and E, respectively), as a source of LNA for 150 days. The proximate composition of the heads indicated high nutritional value and 40 FA (fatty acids) common to all treatments were identified in total lipids. Intake of LNA caused storage of LNA and sequential desaturation‐elongation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA. With increasing levels of FO in the diet, the content of LNA in tilapia heads increased (1.7 and 14.0% for diets A and E, respectively), as well as the contents of EPA (0.1 and 0.9% for diets A and E, respectively) and DHA (0.5 and 1.8% for diets A and E, respectively). Adding FO to tilapia feed markedly increased the total content of n‐3 PUFA (3.0 and 21.1% for diets A and E, respectively), decreased the total content of n‐6 PUFA (41.3 and 24.9% for diets A and E, respectively), and consequently resulted in a decrease in the n‐6/n‐3 ratio (13.8 and 1.2 for diets A and E, respectively). Therefore, feeding tilapia with FO is a good way of valorizing this part of the fish by creating a valuable nutritional food source.
Determination of optical purity and absolute configuration of natural 12‐hydroxystearic acid by the 1H NMR anisotropy method
Authors: Murakami Satoshi , Satou Kazuhiro , Kijima Taturo , Watanabe Masataka , Izumi Taeko
Published: November 2010

The enantiopure of (R)‐(−) MαNPA was allowed to react with racemic 18‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐5‐octadecayne‐7‐ol which was derived from dodecane‐1,12‐diol, yielding diastereomeric esters mixture. These racemic esters were easily separated by HPLC on silica‐gel. The absolute configurations of the first‐eluted diastereomeric esters from the separated esters were determined using 1H NMR anisotropy method. Analysis on 1H NMR spectra and HPLC elution time of the synthesized esters and those of MαNP ester derived from natural methyl‐12‐hydroxystealate showed that the absolute configuration of natural 12‐hydroxystearic acid was R form, and the enantiomeric excess was over 99%.
Four Novel Diterpenoids from Crinipellis sp. 113
Authors: Li Yao‐Yao , Shen Yue‐Mao
Published: November 2010

Four novel diterpenoids, namely (4β)‐4,4‐O‐dihydrocrinipellin A (1), (4β,8α)‐4,4‐O,8,8‐O‐tetrahydrocrinipellin B (2), crinipellin C (3), and crinipellin D (4), along with three known ones, (3β,4β)‐3,3‐C,4,4‐O‐tetrahydrocrinipellin A (5), (4β)‐4,4‐O‐dihydrocrinipellin B (6), and phlebiakauranol alcohol, were isolated from the fungal strain Crinipellis sp. 113. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, and by HR‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry. Antitumor and antibacterial assays with the novel compounds 1–4 were carried out, showing moderate activities against HeLa cells and no effects on the growth of tested bacteria or yeast.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized 2H‐Chromene (=2H‐1‐Benzopyran) Derivatives via a Three‐Component Reaction between a CH‐Acid, a Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylate, and Methyl Chloroglyoxylate or Benzyl Carbonochloridate Mediated by Triphenylphosphine
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Shiraz Nader Zabarjad , Asayesh Soheila Shafei
Published: November 2010

An effective route to functionalized 2H‐chromene (=2H‐1‐benzopyran) derivatives 4 is described (Scheme 1). This involves the reaction of a 1,1‐diactivated alkene, resulting from the reaction of dimedone (=5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione; 1a) with methyl chloroglyoxylate (ClC(O)COOMe), benzyl carbonochloridate (ClC(O)OCH2Ph) or 3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl chloride (3,5‐(NO2)2C6H3C(O)Cl), and a dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate (=dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioate) in the presence of Ph3P which undergo intramolecular Wittig reaction to produce 2H‐chromene derivatives (Scheme 1).
A Novel Trypsin‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Mannich Reaction
Authors: Chai She‐Jie , Lai Yi‐Feng , Zheng Hui , Zhang Peng‐Fei
Published: November 2010

We found that the trypsin from hog pancreas displayed high activity to promote three‐component Mannich reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines, and acetone with moderate‐to‐excellent yields. The reaction tolerates a great range of substrates and extends the application of trypsin in organic synthesis.
Phenolic Compounds from the Fresh Leaves of Eucalyptus maideni
Authors: Tian Li‐Wen , Yang Chong‐Ren , Zhang Ying‐Jun
Published: November 2010

Four new phenolic compounds, 7‐O‐methylcatechin 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), 6‐O‐feruloyl‐D‐glucopyranose (2), demethylpiperitol 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), and 2‐episesaminol 2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus maideni, together with six hydrolyzable tannins, 5–10, a flavonol glycoside, 11, three simple phenolics, 12–14, a monoterpene glucoside, 15, and a rosenoside, 16. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, acidic hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The known compounds 10 and 13 were obtained from the genus Eucalyptus for the first time.
Presenegenin Glycosides from Securidaca welwitschii
Authors: Timité Gaoussou , Mitaine‐Offer Anne‐Claire , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Tanaka Chiaki , Paululat Thomas , Delaude Clément , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth
Published: November 2010

The five new presenegenin glycosides 1–5 were isolated from Securidaca welwitschii, together with one known sucrose diester. Compounds 1–4 were obtained as pairs of inseparable (E)/(Z)‐isomers of a 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl derivative, i.e., 1/2 and 3/4. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 2D‐NMR techniques and mass spectrometry as 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐4‐O‐[(E)‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl]‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (1) and its (Z)‐isomer 2, 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐3‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐4‐O‐[(E)‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl]‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (3) and its (Z)‐isomer 4, and 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐[O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl] ester (5) (presenegenin=(2β,3β,4α)‐2,3,27‐trihydroxyolean‐12‐ene‐23,28‐dioic acid).
Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Cytotoxicity of Nitroxyl–Aziridine Hybrid
Authors: Kumamoto Takuya , Suzuki Kazuya , Kim Sang‐kook , Hoshino Katsuyoshi , Takahashi Masahiro , Sato Hiromi , Iwata Hiroki , Ueno Koichi , Fukuzumi Masahiro , Ishikawa Tsutomu
Published: November 2010

Nitroxyl–aziridine hybrid, a candidate for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe and an anticancer drug, was synthesized by aziridine formation reaction of nitroxyl‐introduced aldehyde and guanidinium ylide in good diastereoselectivity. The relative configuration at aziridine C(2)C(3) bond of the major diastereoisomer was determined to be cis by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Application of chiral guanidinium ylide resulted in the formation of the corresponding optically active aziridine in 84% ee. Reversible one‐electron redox potential and quantitative spin yield of the hybrid were observed in cyclic voltammogram and electron spin resonance, respectively. However, cytotoxicity of the hybrid against cancer cell lines used was not observed.
Eleven New Triterpenes from Eurycorymbus cavaleriei
Authors: Cheng Lin , Shen Li‐Ming , Zhang Min , Li Ning , Li Xian , Ma Zhong‐Jun , Qu Hai‐Bin
Published: November 2010

Eleven new triterpenes, cavalerols A–K (1–11, resp.), ten of which were derivatives of hopane and one was derivative of dammarane, were isolated from the twigs of Eurycorymbus cavaleriei. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D‐NMR analysis. Cavalerol D (4) and cavalerol F (6), cavalerol B (2), and cavalerol G (7) were two pairs of isomers, and silver ion was introduced for their differentiation by multi‐stage tandem mass spectrometry. And nine compounds, except 5 and 10, were tested for quinone reductase (QR) induction activities in vitro, and results showed that compounds 2, 4, and 7 exhibited moderate induction activities with CD values of 8.62, 9.13, and 2.56 μg/ml, respectively, and compounds 6 and 8 showed cytotoxicity against hepa 1c1c7 cell line with IC50 values of no more than 1 μg/ml.
Sesquiterpenes and Other Metabolites from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia composita (Rhodomelaceae)
Authors: Ji Nai‐Yun , Li Xiao‐Ming , Wang Bin‐Gui
Published: November 2010

Two new halogenated sesquiterpenes, (8β)‐10‐bromo‐3‐chloro‐2,7‐epoxychamigr‐9‐en‐8‐ol (1) and 2‐bromo‐3‐chlorobisabola‐7(14),11‐diene‐6,10‐diol (3), and one new phytol‐derived diterpene, 2,3‐epoxyphytyl acetate (4), along with cis‐ and trans‐1‐methylcyclohexane‐1,4‐diol (5 and 6) which were isolated from a natural source for the first time but have been previously synthesized, were isolated from the marine red alga Laurencia composita and characterized. In addition, a known sesquiterpene, pacifenediol (2), and the known furanone derivative 7 were also identified. Their structures were established by NMR and mass spectroscopic methods.
Chemical Constituents of Phyllanthus reticulatus
Authors: Lan Ming‐Sheng , Ma Jian‐Xiong , Tan Chang‐Heng , Wei Song , Zhu Da‐Yuan
Published: November 2010

A new purine derivative, 3‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)isoguanine (1), and a new cleistanthane‐type diterpenoid glucoside, 19‐hydroxyspruceanol 19‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), together with eight known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Phyllanthus reticulatus. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Safety of intranasal Bevacizumab (avastin) treatment in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia‐associated epistaxis
Authors: Chen Sonia , Karnezis Tom , Davidson Terence M.
Published: November 2010

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Assess for complications of intranasal Bevacizumab application in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)‐associated epistaxis.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Methods:

In 58 patients presenting with recurrent HHT epistaxis, Bevacizumab was applied intranasally either as a submucosal injection or as a topical spray between October 2006 and June 2010. In many of the injected patients, the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser was used adjunctively for vessel photocoagulation. A phone interview was performed in July 2010 to assess for treatment complications.

Results:

Of the 58 treated patients 52 were contacted. Patient surveys were performed 1.5 to 46 months following their initial Bevacizumab treatment. Within the treatment population, five patients had sustained a septal perforation. Notably, these patients were treated early in the study period at which time the cartilaginous septum was often both injected and lasered. Subsequently, the treatment protocol was changed and the cartilaginous septum was neither lasered nor injected. After these changes were made no additional septal perforations were identified. No other adverse events were associated with intranasal Bevacizumab treatment.

Conclusions:

Bevacizumab applied as either a submucosal injection or as a topical nasal spray, with or without application of the KTP laser, is a safe treatment regimen. Still, when Bevacizumab injections are performed, the cartilaginous nasal septum should be avoided as patients may develop septal perforations. Laryngoscope, 2011
Long‐range 1H15N heteronuclear shift correlation across wide F1 spectral windows
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Hilton Bruce D. , Moskau Detlef , Freytag Nicolas , Kessler Klemens , Colson Kim
Published: November 2010

Long‐range 1H15N heteronuclear shift correlation experiments at natural abundance are becoming more routinely utilized in the characterization of unknown chemical structures from a diverse range of sources including natural products and pharmaceuticals. Apart from the inherent challenges of the low gyromagnetic ratio and natural abundance of 15N, investigators are also occasionally hampered by having to deal with the wide spectral range inherent to various nitrogen functional groups, which can exceed 500 ppm. Earlier triple resonance cryoprobe designs typically provided 90° 15N pulses in the range of 35–40 µs, which did not allow the uniform excitation of wide F1 spectral ranges for 1H15N GHMBC spectra. We report the results obtained with a newly designed Bruker 600 MHz triple resonance TCI Micro CryoProbe™ using methyl orange as a model compound, in which the 15N resonances are separated by > 450 ppm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Educational and vocational achievement among long‐term survivors of adolescent cancer in Germany
Authors: Dieluweit Ute , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Grabow Desiree , Kaatsch Peter , Peter Richard , Seitz Diana C.M. , Goldbeck Lutz
Published: November 2010

Background

Adolescence involves graduating from school and preparing one's professional career. The accomplishment of these tasks may be hampered by the experience of cancer. This study investigates the educational and professional achievements of German long‐term survivors of adolescent cancer.

Procedure

Adult survivors of cancer during adolescence (n = 820, age at onset between 15 and 18 years; M = 15.8, SD = 0.9 years; age at follow‐up: M = 30.4, SD = 6.0 years) were recruited through the German Childhood Cancer Registry. They completed self‐reports with standard items on their educational and vocational level and their current occupational situation. Outcomes were compared to an age‐matched sample from the general population (German Socio‐Economic Panel, n = 820, age: M = 30.4, SD = 6.7). Risk factors for educational and vocational underachievement were identified by subgroup analyses.

Results

Compared to peers from the general population, survivors of cancer during adolescence achieved higher educational and vocational levels. A higher proportion of survivors was employed; however, survivors were significantly older when starting their first occupation. Subgroup analyses revealed that neuropsychological late effects were associated with reduced rates of graduation from university and of employment among the survivors. No such effect of neuro‐cognitive late effects occurred for high school graduation.

Conclusions

Most German survivors of cancer during adolescence participate in school and vocational life without major difficulties. Problems particularly arise for survivors with neuropsychological sequelae. Further research should investigate whether these results can be attributed to the German support system for pediatric cancer patients or to sample effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:432–438. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival by race among children with extracranial solid tumors in the United States between 1985 and 2005
Authors: Johnson Kelsey A. , Aplenc Richard , Bagatell Rochelle
Published: November 2010

Background

The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to compare survival rates by race among children with common extracranial solid tumors between 1985 and 2005.

Procedure

Diagnosis and outcome data were obtained from SEER. Five‐year survival probabilities were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Survival hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Survival probabilities were compared among Whites, Blacks, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and Asians/Pacific Islanders.

Results

Five‐year survival probabilities were higher for White children than for children belonging to other racial groups (77% vs. 71% for Blacks, 72% for American Indian/Alaskan Native, 72% for Asian/Pacific Islander). Male non‐White children had worse 5‐year survival than male White children while there were no differences in survival among females across racial groups. There was no difference when survival probabilities for Hispanic and non‐Hispanic children were compared. Overall, Black children had a higher risk of death compared to White children (1.31, P < 0.05). Black children had a higher risk of death from germ cell tumors, hepatoblastoma and non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. Asian/Pacific Islander children also had a higher risk of death overall (1.34, P < 0.05) and a higher risk of death from germ cell tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroblastoma, and Wilms tumor compared to White children.

Conclusions

Male children from minority groups have poorer survival from extracranial solid malignancies than White male children. Future efforts should be directed at understanding the causes of these differences and at developing practical clinical interventions to eliminate them. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:425–431. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Carlsson G. , Winiarski J. , Ljungman P. , Ringdén O. , Mattsson J. , Nordenskjöld M. , Touw I. , Henter J.‐I. , Palmblad J. , Fadeel B. , Hägglund H.
Published: November 2010

Background

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is an immunodeficiency characterized by disturbed myelopoiesis and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <0.5 × 109/L. SCN is also a premalignant condition; a significant proportion of patients develop myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia (MDS/L). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for SCN.

Procedure

Since 2004, eight HSCT have been performed in seven patients at our center. The indications were transformation to MDS/L (n = 2), granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor receptor (CSF3R) mutation(s) (n = 2), granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) resistance (n = 2), and at the patient's own request (n = 1).

Results

The mean age at transplantation was 13 years (2.8–28 years) (mean follow‐up 32 months, range 21–60). Three patients harbored ELANE mutations, three HAX1 mutations, and in one patient no causative mutation was identified. Two of the ELANE mutations were novel mutations. Three patients initially received myeloablative conditioning and four had reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). Three grafts were from HLA‐identical siblings, three from matched unrelated donors and two were cord blood units. Engraftment occurred in all patients. Two of seven (29%) patients died; both had MDS/L and both were among the three that underwent myeloablative conditioning. One patient has chronic GVHD 2 years post‐transplant.

Conclusions

The role of HSCT should be explored further in patients with SCN. In particular, the influence of the conditioning regime needs to be evaluated in a larger cohort of patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:444–451. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular determination of RHD zygosity:predicting risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn related to anti‐D
Authors: Pirelli Kevin J. , Pietz Bradley C. , Johnson Susan T. , Pinder Holly L. , Bellissimo Daniel B.
Published: November 2010

Objective

Development of an accurate molecular method for paternal RHD zygosity to predict risk to a fetus for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) related to anti‐D.

Methods

Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) was used to detect RHD exons 5 and 7, using RHCE exon 7 as an internal control. The genotype and zygosity were determined from the peak area ratios of RHD exon 5 or 7 to RHCE exon 7. We tested 25 Caucasian and 25 African American (AA) samples whose zygosity was predicted from the Rh phenotype and an alternate molecular method. In addition, we tested 71 paternal samples from prenatal cases where fetal testing was performed.

Results

RHD/RHCE ratios clearly distinguished the RHD/D and RHD/d genotypes. RHD variants were recognized when RHD exon 5 copy number was discordant with exon 7. The molecular assay identified eight cases where the phenotype incorrectly assigned zygosity and we observed three false‐negatives in the hybrid Rhesus box assay. The prenatal results were consistent with the zygosity determined for the paternal samples in our study.

Conclusions

This QF‐PCR method accurately determines RHD zygosity in Caucasians and AAs and will help predict the risk that a fetus will inherit RHD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periconceptional cytomegalovirus infection: pregnancy outcome and rate of vertical transmission
Authors: Hadar Eran , Yogev Yariv , Melamed Nir , Chen Rony , Amir Jacob , Pardo Josef
Published: November 2010

Objective

To evaluate pregnancy outcome and rate of vertical transmission in primary maternal periconceptional cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Methods

All women serologically diagnosed with primary periconceptional CMV infection between 1999 and 2008 were included. Periconceptional infection was defined as primary maternal CMV infection occurring within 4 weeks prior to the last reported menstrual period and up to 3 weeks following the expected date of the missed menstrual period. Intrauterine infection was verified by PCR and shell vial culture of amniotic fluid at 22–24 weeks or neonatal urine culture within 48 h of birth.

Results

Of the 59 patients studied, 43 (73%) underwent diagnostic amniocentesis. Eleven of the 43 patients (25.5%) were positive for CMV contamination. Ten of the 11 patients (90%) elected to terminate pregnancy. Twelve women (20.3%) declined amniocentesis: of these 2 elected to undergo a first‐trimester termination of pregnancy and 10 gave birth to a live‐born infant. Six of the ten neonates were negative for CMV and two tested positive for urinary CMV; all eight were healthy on long‐term follow‐up, and two were lost to follow‐up. The remaining four women had a spontaneous first‐trimester abortion.

Conclusion

The risk of transmission of periconceptional CMV infection is lower than previously reported. These data should be borne in mind when counseling affected couples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linkage of mother–baby pairs in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database
Authors: Garbe Edeltraut , Suling Marc , Kloss Sebastian , Lindemann Christina , Schmid Ulrike
Published: November 2010

Purpose

Administrative healthcare databases are increasingly being used to investigate potential drug risks in pregnancy. Our study aimed to develop an algorithm for linkage of mother–baby pairs (MBPs) in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD) as a prerequisite for such studies.

Methods

GePaRD contains sociodemographic data, drug dispensations, ambulatory, and hospital information on more than 14 million insurants from four German statutory health insurances (SHIs) covering all regions in Germany. Linkage was based on co‐insurance information of the newborn with the potential mother (direct linkage) or of both potential mother and newborn with the potential father (indirect linkage). Linkage is not possible if the baby is co‐insured with the father and the mother is self‐insured. Further information on birth or childbed was used to validate the potential mother as true mother in MBP. Descriptive comparisons between linked and unlinked mothers were conducted.

Results

Of 323 993 newborns identified between 2004 and 2006, 250 355 (77.3%) could be linked in MBP. Of those, 189 702 (75.8%) MBP were based on direct linkage. Mean age was similar in linked (31.1 years, standard deviation (SD = 5.4) and unlinked (31.8 years, SD = 5.5) mothers as was the proportion of caesarean sections in both groups (28.9% vs. 29.3%).

Conclusions

The developed algorithm permits linkage of a great number of newborns with their mothers and creates a potential data source for investigation of drug risks in pregnancy. Further validation studies are needed also including information on pregnancies not resulting in live births. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demographic, medical, and behavioral characteristics associated with over the counter non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use in a population‐based cohort: results from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Delaney Joseph A.C. , Biggs Mary L. , Kronmal Richard A. , Psaty Bruce M.
Published: November 2010

Background

Three types of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be obtained both over the counter (OTC) and by prescription in the United States. OTC NSAID use is not recorded in prescription claims databases; this might lead to differential misclassification of NSAID exposure status in studies that use computerized pharmacy databases to study NSAID use.

Objective

To evaluate characteristics of OTC versus prescription NSAID users.

Methods

This analysis is set within the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study; a prospective cohort study of 6814 adults from four ethnic groups (European descent, Asian, African‐American, and Hispanic) with a mean age of 62 years. The cohort was restricted to those who initiated NSAID use (aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen) during follow‐up. We compared information about age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, medication use, education, income, health insurance status, and exercise between groups.

Results

OTC NSAID use was prevalent at baseline (25% aspirin, 9% ibuprofen, and 2% naproxen). Compared to prescribed NSAID use, OTC NSAID use was lower for users of non‐European descent for all classes: aspirin (p < 0.0001), ibuprofen (p < 0.0001), and naproxen (p = 0.0094). For aspirin, differences were seen for male gender (relative risk (RR): 0.92; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.86–0.98), use of lipid lowering drugs (RR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.80–0.96), low income (RR: 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81–0.97), and participants one standard deviation above average in intentional exercise (RR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.01–1.05).

Conclusions

OTC NSAID use is prevalent in an older multi‐ethnic population and OTC users differ from prescription NSAID users. Caution should be exercised when using prescribed NSAIDs as a proxy for NSAID use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Did the removal of the indication of nocturnal enuresis for intranasal desmopressin change prescribing practice?
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Glaeske Gerd , Steuber Christian
Published: November 2010

Purpose

The indication for the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis was removed from all intranasal preparations of desmopressin in May 2007. Objective of this study was to examine whether and how fast this regulatory decision changed prescribing in affected children.

Methods

We analyzed claims data of the Gmünder ErsatzKasse (GEK) over the years 2004–2008. All children and adolescents aged 0–18 years who received at least one out‐patient diagnosis of urinary incontinence in the corresponding years were included. Our outcome of interest was the proportion of oral desmopressin and its change over time.

Results

A total of 6308 to 7207 children with a mean age of about 8 years were included annually (62–63% were male) and 14 746 packages of desmopressin were analysed (49.9% intranasal; 50.1% oral; 0.01% parenteral preparations). The proportion of patients using desmopressin decreased slightly from 13.9% in 2004 to 12.6% in 2008 (p for trend = 0.0131). Between January 2004 (39.1%) and December 2006 (41.3%), the proportion of oral forms was nearly constant and doubled after that within a few months to about 80%.

Conclusions

Immediately after the removal of the indication for intranasal desmopressin, an increased prescribing of tablet forms in affected children was found in Germany. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport properties of p‐type compensated silicon at room temperature
Authors: Rougieux F.E. , Macdonald D. , Cuevas A.
Published: November 2010

Deliberate dopant compensation has proven to be an effective way to control ingot resistivity, although the impact of compensation on carrier recombination and mobilities remains under investigation. This paper summarizes recent findings regarding the carrier transport properties of compensated silicon. The capacity of common mobility models to describe compensated silicon is reviewed and compared to experimental data. The observed reduction of both majority and minority carrier mobility due to dopant compensation is described in terms of the underlying scattering mechanisms. The related problem of conversion between resistivity and dopant density in compensated silicon is discussed, and published values of the Hall Factor in compensated silicon are reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epitaxy‐free monocrystalline silicon thin film: first steps beyond proof‐of‐concept solar cells
Authors: Depauw V. , Qiu Y. , Van Nieuwenhuysen K. , Gordon I. , Poortmans J.
Published: November 2010

The “Epifree” process involves the lift‐off of a high‐quality monocrystalline film formed by reorganization upon annealing of cylindrical macropore arrays in silicon, and can thus provide high‐quality silicon films without resorting to costly epitaxy. The challenge of this new process lies in etching controlled and regular pores in silicon in a cost‐efficient way, and in developing a process compatible with the difficulty of handling a micron‐thin material. Proof‐of‐concept cells have previously been achieved and this paper presents the latest progress, with a first development of thicker films and the inclusion of rear‐side passivation. The energy‐conversion efficiency of 1‐µm‐thin Epifree cells was improved from 2.6 to 4.1% by depositing a stack of amorphous silicon (a‐Si) layers as rear‐side passivation. The increase in Voc was, however, limited and bound to a drop in Jsc. The choice of a‐Si was revealed to be unsuitable because of the thinness of the film and the presence of a full aluminum rear contact. The thinness of the film leads to a decrease in rear‐side reflectivity by the a‐Si absorption, and the aluminum, although not leading to crystallization, partly migrates inside the a‐Si stack upon anodic bonding as shown by TEM. These factors indicate that an alternative surface passivation should be developed. In parallel to process developments, the material was thickened by modifying the macropore array dimensions, leading to a 2.4‐µm‐thick material over 1 cm × 1 cm areas. The efficiency of the next cells is expected to increase with this thicker material. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.