bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of chronic renal injury in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant therapy
Authors: Dawson Chloe , Palfreyman Emma , Parisotto Robin , D'Rozario James
Published: August 2022

Background

Haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a well‐established treatment option for many haematologic immunologic and oncologic diseases, allowing the safe administration of high‐dose chemotherapy. Increased risk of acute renal injury is associated with HSCT; however, the risk of chronic kidney injury in autologous HSCT remains unclear.

Aims

This cohort study investigates the incidence of chronic renal injury and its predisposing factors in a single‐centre population of 139 patients who underwent autologous HSCT.

Methods

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following autologous stem cell reinfusion and used as a marker of renal dysfunction.

Results

A significant reduction in mean eGFR of patients was observed from baseline (80.62 ± 2.97 mL/min) to 24 months (71.54 ± 4.14 mL/min), independent of primary diagnosis (P = 0.0019). At baseline, 12% of the cohort had stage 3 or worse chronic renal injury and this increased to 38% by 24 months. By univariate analysis, age at baseline greater than the mean of 58 years and the occurrence of acute kidney injury during the peritransplant period emerged as predictive factors for the development of chronic kidney disease at 24 months.

Conclusions

The current results indicate there is an increased incidence of chronic renal injury in patients who have undergone autologous peripheral blood haemopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy and this injury is potentiated by the autologous stem cell transplant procedure.
Intellectual property rights and the metaverse: An Indian perspective
Authors: Vig Shinu
Published: August 2022

In the age of the fourth industrial revolution, the metaverse is creating new waves in the world of internet technology and is promising to provide even better and more immersive ways to interact with other people. Metaverse will further lead to the intertwining of the physical and virtual lives. It will create a virtual environment that allows users to interact in virtual spaces and allow the selling and purchasing of virtual goods. These transformations will pose new challenges and risks for the users, players, and owners of the metaverse platforms. This would require the regulators and policymakers to look closely at the issues such as intellectual property rights (IPRs). The main objective of this study is to research the opportunities and challenges that the metaverse will present for IPRs and to examine the IPRs issues related to the metaverse in the Indian context.
Meeting the Language Needs of Emergent Multilingual Students at Risk for Learning Disabilities through Multitiered Systems of Support
Authors: Artzi Lauren , Hsin Lisa B. , Sanford Amanda K. , Brown Julie Esparza , Guin Swati
Published: August 2022

This review and case example describes the key components of elementary reading instruction and intervention within multitiered systems of supports (MTSS) and ways to enhance and scaffold reading instruction and intervention for language as a means of supporting the learning of students who are emergent multilingual (EM) learners. First, we provide an overview of elementary reading comprehension skills and describe culturally, linguistically, and ecologically situated learning principles and overview the essential elements of MTSS rooted in these principles. Next, we present research‐based practices that enhance reading instruction and intervention among elementary EM students. We then illustrate the PLUSS framework to highlight how educators can implement these practices across MTSS. Finally, we present considerations for reading instruction and intervention and provide resources that may be useful to educators and policymakers with respect to MTSS.
Spatial attentional biases toward height‐related words in young males with physical stature dissatisfaction
Authors: Chen Tingji , Li Yishuang , Feng Chengzhi , Feng Wenfeng
Published: August 2022

By recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a dot‐probe task, the present study examined the neural dynamics of attentional bias toward height‐related words among height dissatisfied males. Sixty male participants screened by Negative Physical Self Scale‐Stature Concerns subscale (NPS‐S) were assigned into a high height dissatisfaction (HHD) group and a low height dissatisfaction (LHD) group. The results showed that tall‐related versus neutral words elicited larger N2pc for both HHD and LHD groups, whereas short‐related versus neutral words elicited larger N2pc only for the HHD group. Additionally, an evident Pd was elicited by tall‐related words for the HHD group, but not for the LHD group. Taken together, these findings revealed attentional biases toward height‐related information for HHD individuals on a neural level. Specifically, HHD individuals showed an enhanced spatial attention oriented toward both tall‐related and short‐related words, and then, the allocated attention to the tall‐related words was terminated by an active suppression mechanism.
Threat‐induced alterations in cognition and associations with dysregulated behavior
Authors: McDonald Julia B. , Verona Edelyn
Published: August 2022

Previous literature suggests that threat disrupts cognitive control, especially for those prone to engaging in dysregulated behaviors (i.e., maladaptive attempts at regulating stress). However, this relationship is not well understood and has yet to be directly examined. The current study extends previous literature by examining the link between individual differences in dysregulation and threat‐related alterations in neurocognitive and behavioral indicators of cognitive control. Using a diverse community sample (N = 143), we recorded participants' brain activity during a flanker task under conditions of predictable, unpredictable, and no threat‐of‐shock. Findings revealed a nuanced relationship, whereby predictable threat, relative to unpredictable threat, was associated with larger N2 to flankers, perhaps at the expense of a reduced later P3. We also found a relationship between proneness toward dysregulated behaviors and threat‐induced alterations of cognitive control, with those higher in dysregulation showing reduced conflict P3 differentiation and accuracy interference during threat vs. no threat conditions. This research expands what is known about how threat can modulate cognition in everyday life and linked it to dysregulated behaviors with high societal burden.
Crop diversification, impulsivity, and resilience in Ethiopia
Authors: Oh Hyunjyung , Quinlan Robert , Yoder Jonathan
Published: August 2022

A person's characteristics, self‐perception, and subjective assessment of their environment affect economic decisions and outcomes. This paper explores how crop diversification and crop choice among subsistence farmers in Ethiopia are related to self‐perceptions of impulsivity and resilience to crisis. Our examination is based on statistical regression methods applied to a sample of 315 households in the Sidama Region who rely on crops and livestock for a substantial proportion of their real income, and many of whom reported significant crises in the form of crop or livestock loss and health problems or death in the family. Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of crop diversification as a risk management strategy, our results suggest that monoculture tends to be more strongly associated with self‐reported resilience. Moreover, our findings suggest that the interaction of household head's impulsivity and monoculture cropping positively affects self‐perceived resilience when they cultivate high‐risk, high‐return crops.
Attentional capture by angry faces in girls who self‐injure: Evidence from steady state visual evoked potentials
Authors: James Kiera M. , Miskovic Vladimir , Woody Mary L. , Owens Max , Connolly Evan , Gibb Brandon E.
Published: August 2022

Background

Non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is a significant public health concern, not only because of the personal and social cost of the behavior itself, but also because it increases risk for future self‐injurious behaviors, including suicide attempts. NSSI is increasingly prevalent during adolescence, which highlights the need for research aimed at identifying modifiable risk factors that can be targeted to reduce future risk. Building from theoretical models that highlight interpersonal processes, this study examined whether adolescents with an NSSI history exhibit greater difficulty inhibiting attention to emotionally salient interpersonal stimuli (face), indexed via steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), which provide a direct neural index of the ability to inhibit attention to task‐irrelevant stimuli.

Methods

Adolescent girls aged 13–17 with (n = 26) and without (n = 28) an NSSI history completed a change‐detection computer task during which frequency‐tagged SSVEPs were used to assess adolescents' ability to inhibit attention to affectively salient stimuli from spatially superimposed targets.

Results

Compared with adolescents with no NSSI history, adolescents with NSSI demonstrated difficulty inhibiting attention to angry adult faces.

Conclusions

These findings underscore specific deficits in attentional filtering among girls with an NSSI history, which, if replicated and extended, could be a promising intervention target for reducing risk for future NSSI.
A low‐cost, sensitive and specific PCR‐based tool for rapid clinical detection of HLA‐B*35 alleles associated with delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Li Yueran , Deshpande Pooja , Chopra Abha , Choo Linda , Gibson Andrew , Phillips Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2022

HLA (HLA) alleles are risk factors for CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. However, as most HLA associations are incompletely predictive and/or involve risk alleles at low frequency, costly sequence‐based typing can elude an economically productive cost: benefit ratio for clinical validation studies and diagnostic and/or preventative screening. Hence rapid and low‐cost detection assays are now required, both for single alleles but also across risk loci associated with broader multi‐disease risk; exemplified by associations with diverse alleles in HLA‐B*35, including HLA‐B*35:01 and green tea‐ or co‐trimoxazole‐induced liver injury. Here, we developed a cost‐effective (<$10USD) qPCR assay for rapid (<2.5 h) clinical detection of HLA‐B*35 alleles. The assay was validated using 430 DNA samples with previous American society for histocompatibility and immunogenetics‐accredited sequence‐based high‐resolution HLA typing, positively detecting all HLA‐B*35 allelic variants in our cohort, and as expected by primer design, the six samples that expressed low‐frequency B*78:01. The assay did not result in positive detection for any negative control allele. With expected detection of B*35 and B*78, our assay sensitivity (95% CI, 95.07%–100.00%) and specificity (95% CI, 98.97%–100.00%) of 100% using as low as 10 ng of DNA provides a reliable HLA‐B*35 screening tool for clinical validation and HLA–risk‐based prevention and diagnostics.
Identification of the novel HLA allele, DQB1*06:427 by next‐generation sequencing method
Authors: Kim Hyunji , Yang John Jeongseok
Published: August 2022

HLA‐DQB1*06:427 differs from HLA‐DQB*06:01:01:01 by a single non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in codon 83 of exon 2.
Modelling the cost‐effectiveness of pulse oximetry in primary care management of acute respiratory infection in rural northern Thailand
Authors: Chew Rusheng , Greer Rachel C. , Tasak Nidanuch , Day Nicholas P. J. , Lubell Yoel
Published: August 2022

Objectives

We aimed to determine the cost‐effectiveness of supplementing standard care with pulse oximetry among children <5 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) presenting to 32 primary care units in a rural district (total population 241,436) of Chiang Rai province, Thailand, and to assess the economic effects of extending pulse oximetry to older patients with ARI in this setting.

Methods

We performed a model‐based cost‐effectiveness analysis from a health systems perspective. Decision trees were constructed for three patient categories (children <5 years, children 5–14 years, and adults), with a 1‐year time horizon. Model parameters were based on data from 49,958 patients included in a review of acute infection management in the 32 primary care units, published studies, and procurement price lists. Parameters were varied in deterministic sensitivity analyses. Costs were expressed in 2021 US dollars with a willingness‐to‐pay threshold per DALY averted of $8624.

Results

The annual direct cost of pulse oximetry, associated staff, training, and monitoring was $24,243. It reduced deaths from severe lower respiratory tract infections in children <5 years by 0.19 per 100,000 patients annually. In our population of 14,075 children <5 years, this was equivalent to 2.0 DALYs averted per year. When downstream costs such as those related to hospitalisation and inappropriate antibiotic prescription were considered, pulse oximetry dominated standard care, saving $12,757 annually. This intervention yielded smaller mortality gains in older patients but resulted in further cost savings, primarily by reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in these age groups. The dominance of the intervention was also demonstrated in all sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Pulse oximetry is a life‐saving, cost‐effective adjunct in ARI primary care management in rural northern Thailand. This finding is likely to be generalisable to neighbouring countries with similar disease epidemiology and health systems.
Applicability of ARFI elastography in detecting elasticity changes of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon with induced injury
Authors: Bernardi Nara Saraiva , da Cruz Igor Cezar Kniphoff , Maronezi Marjury Cristina , Santos Maíra Moreira , Lera Katiucha Rebeca Jennifer Lopes , Gasser Beatriz , Aires Luiz Paulo Nogueira , de Lacerda Neto José Corrêa , Canola Paulo Aléscio , Pozzobon Ricardo , Uscategui Ricardo Andrés Ramirez , Feliciano Marcus Antônio Rossi
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this prospective, experimental study were to describe changes in the stiffness of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) after induced injury, deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), accessory ligament (AL‐DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) during 90 days of healing using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography. Eight healthy horses were selected. Preinjury B mode and ARFI evaluations were performed bilaterally in the palmar metacarpal region. Injury was induced only on the left forelimb (G2) by a single injection of collagenase in SDFT, 15 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone. The right forelimb was used as a control (G1). Evaluations were performed at eight timepoints: one before injury (T0) and seven (T1‐T7) after injury (3, 15, 30, 40, 60, 75, and 90 days post‐induction). Tendinopathies were visualized as hypoechoic areas with loss of parallel tendon fiber pattern. Injured SDFTs presented mainly cool colors (soft) from T1 to T3, and from T4, there was an increase in warm colors (hard), close to the appearance of tendons of G1. In the first four timepoints, there was a decrease in stiffness compared to G1 (P< 0.001). On T1 and T2, a cutoff value <6.21 m/s to determine tendinopathy of the SDFT was established (75.8% sensitivity and 92.03% specificity). Stiffness changes in the DDFT, AL‐DDFT, and SL of injured limbs occurred at different timepoints. Tendinopathy significantly altered the stiffness of the injured tendon and the adjacent tissues. ARFI made it possible to detect these changes, helping to monitor the reparation of this injury.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the placental barrier; the protective umbrella of the fetus during pregnancy
Authors: Chen Qingzi , Zhang Lishao , Li Tianti , Chen Shaoqi
Published: August 2022

Aims: Ultrasonography is the preferred technique to evaluate the status of maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Non-obstetric acute or chronic conditions occurring during pregnancy must be diagnosed as early as possible to permit timely and necessary treatment for the sake of maternal and fetal health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) during pregnancy.Materials and methods: This prospective study included 14 pregnant women requiring pregnancy termination and six healthy pregnant women. The 14 pregnant women requiring pregnancy termination underwent CEUS prior to surgery to investigate the pattern of contrast agent diffusion. The six healthy pregnant women did not undergo CEUS. The structure of placentae with and without contrast agent injection were also compared by light microscopy.Results: CEUS analysis failed to identify any signs of contrast agents in the umbilical cord blood and fetus. There were no obvious changes in the morphology of placentae with and without contrast agent injection under light microscope. CEUS identified the need for early treatment in one pregnant woman with an ovarian tumor.Conclusions: Due to the protective effect of the placental barrier on the fetus, CEUS during pregnancy may represent a safe form of imaging technology that can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of non-obstetric acute or chronic disorders and to guide thefuture treatment of pregnant women.
Meningococcal Urethritis: Old and New
Authors: Burns Bethany L. , Rhoads Daniel D.
Published: August 2022

Neisseria meningitidis
is a common commensal bacterium found in the respiratory tract, but it can also cause severe, invasive disease. Vaccines have been employed which have been successful in helping to prevent invasive disease caused by encapsulated
N. meningitidis
from the A, C, W, Y, and B serogroups.
Cobamide Sharing Is Predicted in the Human Skin Microbiome
Authors: Swaney Mary Hannah , Sandstrom Shelby , Kalan Lindsay R.
Published: August 2022

The skin microbiome is essential for maintaining skin health and function. However, the microbial interactions that dictate microbiome structure, stability, and function are not well understood.
Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific and Nonspecific Immune Responses in Women with Tuberculosis Infection during Pregnancy
Authors: Tesfaye Fregenet , Sturegård Erik , Walles John , Bekele Bayissa , Bobosha Kidist , Björkman Per , Jansson Marianne
Published: August 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is globally one of the most common causes of death, and a quarter of the world's population is estimated to have TB infection. The risk of active TB is increased in connection to pregnancy, a phenomenon that could be due to physiological immune changes.
A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Flexor Tenolysis in Zones 2–5
Authors: VAN CARLEN Martin , PLONCZAK Agata , VAN Jonathan , MISHRA Anuj , BREAHNA Anca N.
Published: August 2022

Background: Although numerous surgical techniques have been described and deployed, flexor tenolysis remains one of the most challenging procedures in hand surgery and there is no standardised way of recording the outcomes. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence supporting current concepts and outcomes in flexor tenolysis.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for articles published in English using the keyword search terms ‘flexor’ or ‘tendon’ and ‘tenolysis’ or ‘tenoarthrolysis’. A total of 555 articles were listed and further screening provided fourteen studies remaining for final inclusion. The parameters for data extraction included number of digits operated on, age of the patients, initial injury mechanism requiring flexor tenolysis, outcome assessment method, follow-up period, results and complications. The primary outcome was postoperative active range of motion.

Results: 556 digits were included across all studies and the age of patients ranged between 1 and 75 years. Eleven out of fourteen of the articles used the Strickland criteria to report their outcomes. Other outcome measures used were total active motion (TAM), Buck-Gramcko and pulp-to-palm distance. In the studies which used the Strickland criteria, the average percentage of outcomes reported as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’ was 68% with a range between 45% and 91%. Three other studies used Buck-Gramcko, TAM and pulp-to-palm distance outcome reporting and achieved 72% ‘good’ or ‘excellent’, 84% improvement and 30% able to touch distal palm crease respectively.

Conclusions: Although the literature contains a limited number of observational studies, the current evidence shows that 68% of well-selected patients who undergo flexor tenolysis achieve a good or excellent outcome as measured by the Strickland criteria.

Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Arc Centre Distance Change after Treatment of Complex Transverse Olecranon Fractures with a Large Impacted Articular Fragment Treated with Tension Band Wiring and Bone Graft
Authors: KIM Min B. , LEE Seung H. , LEE Jeong H. , YANG Hanbual
Published: August 2022

Background: The treatment of complex transverse olecranon fractures (CTOFs), also known as olecranon fractures with the impacted articular fragments (IAF), was reported recently. We fix IAFs with absorbable pins supported by autologous bone graft followed by olecranon fracture fixation. We have used the arc centre distance (ACD) method to evaluate the congruency of this concentric hinge joint. The aim of this study is to present the outcomes of this fixation technique and evaluate the value of the ACD method.

Methods: We reviewed 26 cases of CTOF treated at our hospital from 2014 to 2020. The functional outcome and range of motion of the elbow joint was measured by MEPS (Mayo Elbow Performance Score). We measured the ACD of each fragment of the ulnotrochlear joint [coronoid process (CP), IAF and olecranon process (OP)] with the CT image taken at 15 months postoperatively on average.

Results: The mean arc of elbow motion was 3º to 132º. The mean MEPS at 1 year postoperatively was 94, and 25 of 26 cases (96%) achieved a good or excellent outcome. Twelve patients, who took the elbow CT at least more than 3 months post-operatively, were included for ACD measurement. The postoperative joint incongruency of each fragment was as follows, 0.39 ± 0.70, 0.40 ± 0.69 and 0.29 ± 0.72 mm (CP, IAF and OP, respectively) according to the ACD method. The ACD value for each fragment was significantly different before and after the surgery (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Accurate reduction of IAF with absorbable pins completed by tension band wiring with autogenous bone grafting can be an effective technique for CTOF with a large IAF. The restoration of the joint improved ACD.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Restoration of Hand Function in Isolated Lower Brachial Plexus Injury with Brachioradialis to Flexor Pollicis Longus and Biceps to Flexor Digitorum Profundus Transfer
Authors: KUMMARI Vimal Kumar , BHARDWAJ Praveen , VARADHARAJAN Vigneswaran , MADHUSUDHAN Nallatparambil Chandra , VENKATRAMANI Hari , RAJA SABAPATHY S.
Published: August 2022

Background: Isolated lower (C8T1) brachial plexus injury (BPI) is uncommon and the aim of treatment is to achieve a satisfactory grasp enabling the use of the hand for daily activities. The aim of this study is to report the outcomes of the transfer of brachioradialis (BR) to flexor pollicis longus (FPL) and biceps to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) for an isolated lower BPI.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients with an isolated lower BPI who underwent a BR to FPL and biceps to FDP transfer for restoration of digital flexion over a 1-year period from May 2019 to June 2020. Patient demographic and injury data were collected at the presentation. Outcomes data included the ability to grasp and perform activities of daily living and DASH score.

Results: The study included three patients (all men) with an average age of 30.3 years. All sustained an isolated lower BPI following a road traffic accident and tendon transfers were performed at a mean of 9.3 months after the initial injury. At a mean of 1-year follow-up, all three recovered grade M4 motor power of digital flexion, achieved good grasp function with pulp-to-palm distance of <1 cm. All are able to use the hand for independent as well as bimanual activities. The individual DASH scores were 36, 30 and 30.

Conclusions: BR to FPL for thumb flexion and biceps to FDP using fascia lata graft to restore finger flexion is simple and effective surgeries in patients with isolated lower BPI.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Risk Factors for Infection Following Operative Treatment of Traumatic Upper Extremity Amputation Injury
Authors: SAITO Taichi , UEHARA Takenori , NAKAHARA Ryuichi , SHIMAMURA Yasunori , NAKAO Atsunori , OZAKI Toshifumi
Published: August 2022

Background: Identification of the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) can be a straightforward and cost-effective measure to reduce or prevent the occurrence of SSI. However, there are no studies that revealed risk factors for SSI for traumatic upper extremity amputation. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors that promote SSI after surgery for traumatic upper extremity amputation using a large nationwide database.

Methods: We used data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank. Diagnoses were defined using the Abbreviated Injury Scale code. We applied multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the infection risk factor. We chose age, sex, vital signs, cause and type of trauma, concomitant injury, diabetes, amputation level, Glasgow coma scale, Injury Severity Score (ISS) and blood transfusion within 24 hours following hospital arrival as confounders. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was adopted to identify thresholds for change in infection risk. We also applied propensity score (PS) matching to adjust for confounding factors that may affect the outcome.

Results: A total of 1,150 patients (967 males, 183 females) had traumatic upper extremity amputation. The mean patient age was 46.5 years. A total of 21 patients (1.8%) suffered from SSI. ISS, blood transfusion, systolic blood pressure (BP) and the upper extremity amputation except for finger were identified as the independent significant risk factors for SSI occurrence by the multivariate analysis (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). ROC modelling revealed that patients with ISS of over 9 or systolic BP of over 160 had a risk for SSI. After PS matching, the patients with blood transfusion or systolic BP of over 160 had a significantly higher risk of infection (OR 9.0; p = 0.01 and OR 7.0; p = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusions: In treating patients with these risk factors, we must be especially careful in performing thorough debridement and wound care.

Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Diagnostic Challenges of Metacarpal Tuberculosis in Paediatrics: A Case Report
Authors: LEE Jansen , PURNOMO Glen , KURNIASIH Arie
Published: August 2022

Metacarpal tuberculosis is rare even in endemic areas. This is a report of a 12-year-old girl with gradual, painless swelling of the dorsal aspect of the right hand over a 2-year period. She developed a discharging sinus over the mass after a traumatic incident. The radiographs showed a well-defined, expansile osteolytic lesion. Blood test, fine needle aspiration biopsy and smears were not diagnostic. A second histologic examination with phenotypic test was required for diagnosis and to begin appropriate chemotherapy. Establishing the diagnosis was not straightforward, even though we suspected tuberculosis.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Recurrent Trigger Finger Caused by Herniation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus through the Chiasma – A Case Report
Authors: TOLERTON Sarah K. , SIVAKUMAR Brahman S. , LAWSON Richard D.
Published: August 2022

Trigger digit is a common condition which is largely idiopathic in etiology. Less frequently, it has been described secondary to anatomical variations or space occupying lesions. We describe a patient who developed a recurrent trigger finger after a surgical release of the first annular pulley. Intraoperatively, the trigger was noted to be caused by herniation of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon into a noose formed by the two slips of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (FDS) and the proximal edge of the second annular pulley.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Theoretical Study of the Electrochemical Properties for Solid Electrolytes Containing Ethoxy and Carbonate Groups
Authors: Zhao Yuehua , Wang Zirun , Zhao Siying , Pan Xiumei
Published: August 2022

The density functional theory calculations are performed to investigate the redox properties of dual functional groups polymer (polycarbonate possessing ethoxy side groups (PEtGEC), poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) (PDEC), poly(triethylene glycol carbonate) (PTEC)) electrolytes containing carbonate and ethoxy groups, and coordination structures and interactions of Li+ ions with polymers. The oxidation and reduction processes of dual functional groups polymers occur on the ethoxy and carbonate groups, respectively. The electrochemical windows of PEtGEC (4.08 V) and PDEC (4.42 V) electrolytes are predicted by calculations. The oxidation potentials of electrolytes are defined by the polymers, and the electrolytes without branched chains have better oxidation stability. The reduction potentials are controlled by the salt anion, and the structure of lithium salt changes during the reduction process. The simulated infrared spectra show that Li+ ions interact with the carbonyl and ether oxygen atoms of polymers. The number of oxygen atoms that coordinate with the Li+ ion in these electrolytes is 4–5. The PEtGEC electrolyte has favorable transport ability due to its loose coordination environment and easy formation, the transformation between configurations, the dual-path of Li+ ions transport and good long range transport ability. These findings provide theoretical guidance for designing solid electrolytes in the future.
Vulvar Cancer Incidence in the United States and its Relationship to Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations, 2001–2018
Authors: Berenson Abbey B. , Chang Mihyun , Hawk Ernest T. , Ramondetta Lois M. , Hoang Thao
Published: August 2022

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was indicated for the prevention of vulvovaginal cancers in 2008, but its impact on the incidence of vulvar cancers within the US is unknown. To determine this, we conducted a secondary analysis of 88,942 vulvar cancer cases among women 20+ years old using the US Cancer Statistics 2001–2018 databases. Data were stratified by tumor behavior (in situ or invasive), age (20–44, 45–64, 65+ years old), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic), and US census region (Northeast, South, Midwest, West), and incidence rates and average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were calculated by group. Reversing previous trends, the incidence of vulvar carcinoma in situ significantly decreased between 2001 and 2018 among women from all age groups, races/ethnicities, and regions (combined AAPC,  −4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), −4.7 to −3.8). The incidence of invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly among 20- to 44-year-old women (AAPC, −0.8; 95% CI, −1.3 to −0.3), but significantly increased among those 45 to 64 (AAPC, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.8–2.8) and 65+ years old (AAPC, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4). Regardless of tumor behavior, incidence was highest among non-Hispanic Whites and the Midwest region. Overall, the significant declines in vulvar carcinoma in situ among all ages, as well as invasive vulvar cancer among younger women, are encouraging and complement other recent data suggesting HPV vaccinations are already reducing anal and cervical cancer incidence. Over time, further declines in vulvar carcinoma incidence are likely as uptake and completion rates of the HPV vaccine increase in the US.

Prevention Relevance:

We found evidence that HPV vaccinations likely contributed to a decrease in the incidences of vulvar carcinoma in situ and invasive vulvar carcinoma among 20- to 44-year-old women between 2001 and 2018. Our data add to the growing evidence that HPV vaccinations are reducing the incidence of HPV-related anogenital cancers.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT COMBINATION OF LEAVES AND PEELS KAFFIR LIME (Citrus Hystrix DC.) AGAINST SOME TEST BACTERIA
Authors: Madani Rizky Aulia , Budiarti Lia Yulia , Wydiamala Erida
Published: August 2022

Leaf and peel of the kaffir lime plant (Citrus hystrix D.C.) can be used as herbal preparations to treat infections by opportunistic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of the combination of leaf and peel extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria isolates. This study used a posttest-only control group design, including phytochemical tests and in vitro antibacterial activity tests. The combination of leaf and peel extract of kaffir lime tested was 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/v). The results of phytochemical tests on the leaf extract and rind of limes were found to have antibacterial compounds, namely flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids. The results of the antibacterial activity test used the paper disc diffusion method, showed that there were differences in the size of the inhibition zone for the four test bacteria; The combination treatment of 75% (1:1) leaf-peel extract gave the greatest inhibitory zone effect on the four test bacteria and was equivalent to the positive control. The conclusion of the study, the combination of leaf and peel extract had different antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A Campanha Antialcoólica da Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental
Authors: Omena Tamano Luana Tieko
Published: August 2022

A Liga Brasileira de Higiene Mental foi uma agremiação de significativa importância nacional criada em 1923, no Rio de Janeiro. A maioria dos seus membros eram médicos dedicados ao estudo de diversos assuntos que faziam parte do escopo da Liga: raça, doenças mentais, maternidade, eugenia, alcoolismo etc. Suas opiniões e posicionamentos eram desenvolvidos por meio de reuniões, conferências e publicações nos jornais nacionais - com destaque para os Arquivos Brasileiros de Higiene Mental, sua revista oficial. Um dos temas mais discutidos entre os seus integrantes foi o álcool e o alcoolismo, que contava com uma seção específica naquele periódico. O presente artigo busca refletir acerca do posicionamento da Liga com relação a esse assunto, tomando como fonte os materiais publicados nos Arquivos.
Pós-memória
Authors: Schargel Sergio
Published: August 2022

Poema de ConfiguraçõesSergio Schargel
Would the Brazilian population support the alcohol policies recommended by the World Health Organization?
Authors: De Boni Raquel B. , Mota Jurema C. , Coutinho Carolina , Bastos Francisco I.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the support of the Brazilian population to the alcohol-policies proposed by the World Health Organization to decrease alcohol harm (specifically: to decrease alcohol availability and advertising, and to increase pricing). In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with being against those policies. METHODS Data from 16,273 Brazilians, aged 12–65 years, interviewed in the 3rd Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use (BHSU-3) were analyzed. The BHSU-3 is a nationwide, probability survey conducted in 2015. Individuals were asked if they would be against, neutral, or in favor of seven alcohol policies grouped as: 1) Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability; 2) Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion; and 3) Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with being against each one of those policies and against all of policies. RESULTS Overall, 28% of the Brazilians supported all the above mentioned policies, whereas 16% were against them. The highest rate of approval refers to restricting advertising (53%), the lowest refers to increasing prices (40%). Factors associated with being against all policies were: being male (AOR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0–1.3), not having a religion (AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1–1.8), being catholic (AOR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.5), and alcohol dependence (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4). CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian government could count on the support of most of the population to restrict alcohol advertising. This information is essential to tackle the lobby of the alcohol industry and its clever marketing strategy.
Prevalência de multimorbidade em idosos em São Paulo, Brasil: um estudo com o ISA-Capital
Authors: Keomma Kaio , Bousquat Aylene , César Chester Luiz Galvão
Published: August 2022

OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade em idosos em São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, aninhado ao inquérito de base populacional ISA-Capital, de 2015, com sub amostra de 1.019 idosos com 60 anos ou mais. A multimorbidade foi categorizada considerando duas ou mais doenças crônicas, a partir de uma lista previamente definida. Os dados foram analisados em modelos univariado e múltiplo com a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 40% (IC95% 36,6–43,8), sendo maior nas mulheres (RP a = 1,95 [comparado com homens]; IC95% 1,58–2,40), nos indivíduos com 75 anos ou mais (RP a = 1,25 [comparado com indivíduos de 60 a 64 anos]; IC95% 1,01–1,60), nos pretos (RP a = 1,28 [comparado com brancos]; IC95% 1,04–1,59), nas pessoas de alta renda (RP a = 1,27 [comparado com baixa renda]; IC95% 1,09–1,50) e nos ex-fumantes (RP a = 1,30 [comparado com quem nunca fumou]; IC95% 1,05–1,60) e menor nos que se declararam fumantes (RP a = 0,72 [comparado com quem nunca fumou]; IC95% 1,09–1,50). CONCLUSÕES A prevalência de multimorbidade foi inferior à reportada na maioria dos estudos revisados, mas há consistência sobre sua associação com sexo, idade, cor da pele, tabagismo e nível socioeconômico. A padronização de critérios conceituais e metodológicos para a sua estimação é um desafio para mitigar problemas no planejamento e gestão de sistemas de saúde para populações cada vez mais envelhecidas.
Cost-Effectiveness of Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation: The CABANA Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chew Derek S. , Li Yanhong , Cowper Patricia A. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Poole Jeanne E. , Daniels Melanie R. , Monahan Kristi H. , Davidson-Ray Linda , Bahnson Tristram D. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Lee Kerry L. , Packer Douglas L. , Mark Daniel B. ,   for the CABANA Investigators
Published: August 2022

Background:

In the CABANA trial (Catheter Ablation vs Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation), catheter ablation did not significantly reduce the primary end point of death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest compared with drug therapy by intention-to-treat, but did improve the quality of life and freedom from atrial fibrillation recurrence. In the heart failure subgroup, ablation improved both survival and quality of life. Cost-effectiveness was a prespecified CABANA secondary end point.

Methods:

Medical resource use data were collected for all CABANA patients (N=2204). Costs for hospital-based care were assigned using prospectively collected bills from US patients (n=1171); physician and medication costs were assigned using the Medicare Fee Schedule and National Average Drug Acquisition Costs, respectively. Extrapolated life expectancies were estimated using age-based survival models. Quality-of-life adjustments were based on EQ-5D–based utilities measured during the trial. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, comparing ablation with drug therapy on the basis of intention-to-treat, and assessed from the US health care sector perspective.

Results:

Costs in the first 3 months averaged $20 794±SD 1069 higher with ablation compared with drug therapy. The cumulative within-trial 5-year cost difference was $19 245 (95% CI, $11 360–$27 170) and the lifetime mean cost difference was $15 516 (95% CI, –$2963 to $35,512) higher with ablation than with drug therapy. The drug therapy arm accrued an average of 12.5 life-years (LYs) and 10.7 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). For the ablation arm, the corresponding estimates were 12.6 LYs and 11.0 QALYs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $57 893 per QALY gained, with 75% of bootstrap replications yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
<
$100 000 per QALY gained. With no quality-of-life/utility adjustments, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $183 318 per LY gained.

Conclusions:

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation was economically attractive compared with drug therapy in the CABANA Trial overall at present benchmarks for health care value in the United States on the basis of projected incremental QALYs but not LYs alone.
Turkish and Soviet Revolutionaries, 1919–22: Cooperation on the Basis of Common Interests
Authors: Demirci Sevtap
Published: August 2022

The wars of the 1910s (Italo-Ottoman, Balkan, First World) gave clear signs that the Ottoman Empire would not last for long faced with the belligerent hostility of the Great Powers and its former subjects. The question was whether or not a consensus could be reached as to its division in accordance with each belligerent’s interests. After Russia’s pulling out of the First World War due to the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the new government appeared to be quite enthusiastic to develop friendly relations with the Ottomans first and the Turkish nationalists later, giving them political and financial support throughout the Turkish National Struggle (1919–22). For both sides establishing good relations was of cardinal importance for a variety of reasons that pushed them towards a ‘marriage of convenience’. This article seeks to explain the reasons for this brief Turkish-Bolshevik alliance and why it could not last.
A remarkable new species of Dictyanthus (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae, Gonolobinae) restricted to Jalisco, México
Authors: ALVARADO-CÁRDENAS LEONARDO O. , LÓPEZ HERNÁNDEZ ALEXIS , SÁNCHEZ CRISÓSTOMO RAÚL
Published: August 2022

Dictyanthus nichongus (Apocynaceae), a new species endemic to Jalisco, México, is described and illustrated herein. Dictyanthus macvaughianus, D. parviflorus, and D. tuberosus exhibit morphological similarities, but the new species differs from all of them by the combination of its flower size, corolla color, and stylar head shape and exsertion. A description, photographs, and a species key, as well as conservation status, are provided. This discovery increases the number of species of Dictyanthus reported for the country to 17, with 15 of them endemic.
Morpho-phylogenetic insights reveal Bisporella montana as Calycina montana comb. nov. (Pezizellaceae, Helotiales)
Authors: LESTARI ANIS S. , CHETHANA K. W. THILINI
Published: August 2022

Calycina-like specimens were collected in Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand. The combined phylogeny of ITS and LSU based on maximum likelihood and bayesian inference analyses confirmed the taxonomic placement of our specimen in Pezizellaceae. Based on morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, the new discomycete specimen was identified as Calycina montana comb. nov., and was documented for the first time in Thailand. Calycina montana is characterized by the amber color, stipitate apothecia, gelatinized ectal excipulum, cylindrical asci and ellipsoidal ascospores. The morphology was observed together with the type strain, Bisporella montana. Our phylogenetic analyses and observation of the morphology of the type strain also confirmed the new combination of Bisporella shangrilana as Calycina shangrilana comb. nov., which resolves the confusion of Bisporella placement in Pezizellaceae.
An Analysis of Translation Distance of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Licheng , Gu Xihui , Gulakhmadov Aminjon , Li Jianfeng , Slater Louise J. , Zhang Qiang , Luo Ming , Ren Guoyu , Kong Dongdong , Lai Yangcheng , Liu Jianyu
Published: August 2022

Tropical cyclone (TC) translation distance, proportional to its duration and translation speed, basically determines the spatial extent of TC-impacted marine and terrestrial areas. Although a long-term slowdown of TCs has recently been reported, changes in translation distance of TCs over the western North Pacific (WNP) and their driving mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using multiple TC datasets, here we find that the trends are opposite in overland translation distance of landfall WNP TCs over China and excluding China, with the number of landfalls in the two groups being almost the same. However, the increase in overland translation distance of landfall TCs over China is offset by a greater decrease in that excluding China, with the result that the overland translation distance of TCs over the WNP has declined (−4.0% decade−1). The oversea translation distance of TCs over the WNP also shows a decreasing trend (−2.4% decade−1), and thus the genesis-to-demise translation distance of TCs over the WNP has significantly decreased (by 17.7%) during 1961–2019. The shorter duration and reduced translation speed of TCs directly and jointly contribute (by 76.9% and 23.1%, respectively) to their shortened translation distance. The gradual increase in westerly and northerly winds and weaker moisture transport during the days following TC generation tend to inhibit long-distance travel after TC genesis. Declining TC translation distance is likely associated with the long-term increases in genesis potential index and an anomalous cyclonic steering flow over the WNP. Our findings suggest that these changes in TC translation distance may alter regional patterns of TC-related drying and wetting of the WNP.

Significance Statement

The spatial extent affected by a tropical cyclone (TC) is largely determined by TC translation distance. For example, TCs passing through marine areas could cool sea surface temperature and modulate local air–sea heat fluxes exchange; TCs with longer translation distances over land are more likely to trigger widespread flooding or terminate droughts in inland areas. Over the western North Pacific (WNP), we find that observational evidence supports opposite trends in overland translation distance of landfall TCs over China and excluding China. Nevertheless, the genesis-to-demise translation distance of TCs shows a significant decline over the WNP during the past six decades. Understanding the impacts of changes in TC translation distance has particular importance given the extensive footprint of TC-related drying and wetting of the marine and terrestrial areas.