bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The origin of radio emission in broad absorption line quasars: Results from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey
Authors: Morabito L. K. , Matthews J. H. , Best P. N. , Gürkan G. , Jarvis M. J. , Prandoni I. , Duncan K. J. , Hardcastle M. J. , Kunert-Bajraszewska M. , Mechev A. P. , Mooney S. , Sabater J. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Shimwell T. W. , Smith D. J. B. , Tasse C. , Williams W. L.
Published: August 2018

We present a study of the low-frequency radio properties of broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky-Survey Data Release 1 (LDR1). The value-added LDR1 catalogue contains Pan-STARRS counterparts, which we match with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 and DR12 quasar catalogues. We find that BALQSOs are twice as likely to be detected at 144 MHz than their non-BAL counterparts, and BALQSOs with low-ionisation species present in their spectra are three times more likely to be detected than those with only high-ionisation species. The BALQSO fraction at 144 MHz is constant with increasing radio luminosity, which is inconsistent with previous results at 1.4 GHz, indicating that observations at the different frequencies may be tracing different sources of radio emission. We cross-match radio sources between the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST) survey and LDR1, which provides a bridge via the LDR1 Pan-STARRS counterparts to identify BALQSOs in SDSS. Consequently we expand the sample of BALQSOs detected in FIRST by a factor of three. The LDR1-detected BALQSOs in our sample are almost exclusively radio-quiet (log(R144 MHz) < 2), with radio sizes at 144 MHz typically less than 200 kpc; these radio sizes tend to be larger than those at 1.4 GHz, suggesting more extended radio emission at low frequencies. We find that although the radio detection fraction increases with increasing balnicity index (BI), there is no correlation between BI and either low-frequency radio power or radio-loudness. This suggests that both radio emission and BI may be linked to the same underlying process, but are spatially distinct phenomena.
The double population of Chamaeleon I detected byGaiaDR2
Authors: Roccatagliata V. , Sacco G. G. , Franciosini E. , Randich S.
Published: August 2018

Context. Chamaeleon I represents an ideal laboratory to study the cluster formation in a low-mass environment. Recently, two sub-clusters spatially located in the northern and southern parts of Chamaeleon I were found with different ages and radial velocities.Aims. In this Letter we report new insights into the structural properties, age, and distance of Chamaeleon I based on the astrometric parameters fromGaiadata release 2 (DR2).

Methods. We identified 140 sources with a reliable counterpart in theGaiaDR2 archive. We determined the median distance of the cluster usingGaiaparallaxes and fitted the distribution of parallaxes and proper motions assuming the presence of two clusters. We derived the probability of each single source of belonging to the northern or southern sub-clusters, and compared the HR diagram of the most probable members to pre-main sequences isochrones.

Results. The median distance of Chamaeleon I is ~190 pc. This is consistent with the revised estimate using theTycho-GaiaAstrometric Solution, but it is about 20 pc larger than the value commonly adopted in the literature. From a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test of the parallaxes and proper-motion distributions we conclude that the northern and southern clusters do not belong to the same parent population. The northern population has a distancedN= 192.7+0.4−0.4pc, while the southern onedS= 186.5+0.7−0.7pc. The two sub-clusters appear coeval, at variance with literature results, and most of the sources are younger than 3 Myr. The northern cluster is more elongated and extends towards the southern direction partially overlapping with the more compact cluster located in the south. A hint of a relative rotation between the two sub-clusters is also found.
Risikofaktoren für einen frühen OP-Zeitpunkt und chirurgische Komplikationen bei Morbus Crohn
Authors: Kühn Florian , Nixdorf Maximilian , Schwandner Frank , Klar Ernst
Published: August 2018

Hintergrund Trotz der Weiterentwicklung der medikamentösen Therapie und eines mittlerweile signifikant späteren OP-Zeitpunkts wird bei einem Großteil der Patienten mit Morbus Crohn im Laufe der weiterhin kausal unheilbaren Erkrankung eine oder mehrere chirurgische Interventionen notwendig.

Methodik Retrospektive Analyse 120 konsekutiver Patienten, die aufgrund eines Morbus Crohn an der Universitätsmedizin Rostock (UMR) operiert wurden. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels SPSS.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 284 Operationen an 120 Patienten erfasst, wovon 207 Eingriffe an der UMR durchgeführt wurden. Das mittlere Alter bei Erstoperation lag bei 38 Jahren (Range: 17 – 66), die Erstdiagnose des Morbus Crohn erfolgte im Alter von 30 Jahren (Range: 9 – 62). Jeder Patient wurde während seiner Erkrankung 2 – 3 × operiert (Range: 1 – 9). Je älter Patienten bei Erstdiagnose waren, desto kürzer war das Intervall bis zur Erstoperation. Die Anzahl der Operationen pro Patient wurde von Lokalisation und Verhalten der Erkrankung signifikant beeinflusst, wobei ein penetrierendes Verhalten mit einer höheren und ein Befall des terminalen Ileums (L1) mit einer niedrigeren OP-Frequenz assoziiert waren. Risikofaktoren für Komplikationen > Grad III nach Clavien-Dindo waren unter anderem ein höheres Alter bei Operation sowie bei Erstdiagnose, ein verminderter Albuminspiegel und ein erhöhtes CRP. Anastomoseninsuffizienzen waren ebenfalls mit den genannten Risikofaktoren sowie der präoperativen Einnahme von > 20 mg Prednisolonäquivalent pro Tag bzw. einer Gesamtdosis von > 280 mg über die letzten 14 Tage vor OP assoziiert. Anastomosenkonfiguration sowie ein mikroskopischer Befall der Resektionsränder hatten keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die Entstehung einer Anastomoseninsuffizienz.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Diagnosestellung nach dem 30. Lebensjahr war in dieser Analyse mit einem signifikant früheren OP-Zeitpunkt assoziiert. Patienten mit Befall des terminalen Ileums (L1) hatten eine signifikant geringere OP-Frequenz als Patienten mit Kolon- oder kombiniertem Morbus-Crohn-Befall. Alter, Albumin, CRP und eine Steroidmedikation > 20 mg pro Tag zeigten sich als Prädiktoren für perioperative Komplikationen.
Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: El-Elimat Tamam , Alzoubi Karem , AbuAlSamen Mahmoud , Al Subeh Zeinab , Graf Tyler , Oberlies Nicholas
Published: August 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychopathological disease that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. It is usually associated with substantial comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. Silymarin has been recently reported to exert neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimerʼs and Parkinsonʼs diseases. Herein, the beneficial effects of silymarin in ameliorating PTSD-like symptoms such as memory impairments, anxiety, and depression were evaluated using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, silymarin, SPS, or SPS + silymarin. Rats were administrated silymarin, 100 mg/kg i. p. for 4 wk. Rats in all groups were tested for short- and long-term memory in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), for anxiety-like behaviors using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and for depression-like symptoms using the tail suspension test (TST). Conventional analyses of the RAWM, EPM, OFT, and TST were conducted using analysis of variance. Additionally, the anxiety-related behavior parameters of the EPM and OFT were entered to principal component analysis. Regression scores based on the first two extracted components, which accounted for 61% of the variance, were indicative of the anxiolytic activity of silymarin. Collectively, the results suggest that silymarin treatment prevents SPS-induced long-term memory impairments, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms in rat models.
Spilanthol, the Principal Alkylamide from Acmella oleracea, Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Mice
Authors: de Freitas-Blanco Veronica , Monteiro Karin , de Oliveira Patrícia , de Oliveira Ellen , de Oliveira Braga Lucia , de Carvalho João , Ferreira Rodrigues Rodney
Published: August 2018

Mucositis is one of the commonest side effects in cancer patients undergoing treatment with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, and it currently lacks appropriate and effective treatment. Acmella oleracea, a species of flowering herb from South America, contains spilanthol, an alkylamide that has several pharmacological properties, including anesthetic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of spilanthol in intestinal mucositis in Swiss mice induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antineoplastic agent administered systemically for the treatment of many different cancers. The repeated administration of 5-FU resulted in intestinal mucositis and consequent decreased food intake, together with weight loss, in all the animals. Daily administration of spilanthol significantly lowered the severity of intestinal mucositis, reducing histopathological changes and increasing the villus height in the animals treated with spilanthol at a dosage of 30 mg/kg (p < 0.0044) compared to a group exposed only to 5-FU. A decrease of myeloperoxidase activity was also observed in the animals treated with 30 mg/kg of spilanthol (p < 0.05), although several pro-inflammatory cytokines were not quantifiable in any group. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that spilanthol effectively reduced inflammation in a mouse model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU, and that the compound might be a promising therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
Contribution of Red Blood Cells to the Saturable Mechanism of Heparin Clearance
Authors: Young Edward , Hirsh Jack
Published: August 2018

The pattern of clearance of intravenously administered heparin suggests the participation of a saturable mechanism which has been ascribed to heparin binding to the endothelium. Another potential site of heparin binding which may contribute to the saturable mechanism is the red blood cells. We have examined this possibility using unfractionated heparin together with a chemically-modified low affinity heparin labelled with tritium as tracer. Unfractionated heparin and the radioactive tracer were added to pooled plasma at a fixed concentration. The heparinized plasma was mixed with red cells to reconstitute whole blood. After centrifugation, the radioactivity, APTT, anti-Xa and anti-Ila activities were measured in the resultant plasmas. No evidence of significant binding to red cells could be detected even when the hematocrits of the reconstituted whole blood were increased. These results are at variance with those of a previously published report. We conclude that red cell binding does not contribute to the saturable mechanism of heparin clearance.
Partial Purification of a Specific Plasminogen Activator from Porcine Parotid Glands
Authors: Cartwright Terence
Published: August 2018

A method is described for the extraction with buffers of near physiological pH of a plasminogen activator from porcine salivary glands. Substantial purification of the activator was achieved although this was to some extent complicated by concomitant extraction of nucleic acid from the glands. Preliminary characterization experiments using specific inhibitors suggested that the activator functioned by a similar mechanism to that proposed for urokinase, but with some important kinetic differences in two-stage assay systems. The lack of reactivity of the pig gland enzyme in these systems might be related to the tendency to protein-protein interactions observed with this material.
Die Wirkung intravenös applizierter Streptokinase auf Fibrinolyse und Blutgerinnung
Authors: Deutsch E , Fischer M , Marschner I , Kock M
Published: August 2018

1. Es wird über die erfolgreiche Auslösung und Erhaltung einer dosierten Fibrinolyse durch intravenöse Anwendung von Streptokinase berichtet.

2. Die erforderliche Streptokinasemenge wird im Streptokinase-Resistenz-Test ermittelt. Die errechnete Menge wird als Anflutung innerhalb von 10 bis 20 Minuten intravenös injiziert. Zur Erhaltung der Wirkung haben sich zwei Drittel der Dosis als Infusion pro Stunde als ausreichend erwiesen. Nach einigen Stunden kann diese Dosis noch etwas reduziert werden.

3. Die Streptokinase bedingt das Auftreten von freiem Fibrinolysin und den Aufbrauch des Profibrinolysins. Die Dosierung sollte so gewählt werden, daß etwas Profibrinolysin nachweisbar bleibt, doch dürfte dies für eine erfolgreiche Thrombosebehandlung nicht unbedingt erforderlich sein, da das Eindringen von Streptokinase bzw. Aktivator in den Thrombus wichtiger erscheint als die direkte Einwirkung von Fibrinolysin auf die Oberfläche des Thrombus.

4. Gleichzeitig werden Fibrinogen und die Faktoren V und VIII reduziert. Sobald die Fibrinolyse aktiviert ist, tritt ein wirksames Antithrombin (VI) auf, das eine Verlängerung der Thrombinzeit, der globalen Gerinnungsteste und eine Veränderung des Gerinnselaufbaues mit Verminderung der Gerinnselelastizität bewirkt.

5. Zur routinemäßigen Kontrolle des Auftretens der fibrinolytischen Aktivität werden das Thrombelastogramm oder die Euglobulin-Lyse-Zeit, zur Kontrolle der Gerinnungsveränderungen die Thrombinzeit empfohlen. Wahrscheinlich genügt die stündliche Durchführung des letztgenannten Testes für die Überwachung der Therapie.

6. Die Infusionen wurden ohne wesentliche Komplikationen vertragen. Als Spätfolge tritt eine Sensibilisierung mit Anstieg der Immun-Antistreptokinase auf, die sich in einer Zunahme der Streptokinase-Resistenz und in einem positiven Test nach Ouchterlony auswirkt.
Kontrolle der Antikoagulantientherapie mit dem Heparmoid-Toleranztest*
Authors: Jürgens J
Published: August 2018

Es wird eine Modifikation des Heparintoleranztestes beschrieben, bei der plättchenschonend gewonnenes Zitratblut nach Zusatz eines Heparinoids rekalzi-fiziert wird. Der Vorteil der Methode liegt in der praktisch unbegrenzten Haltbarkeit der verwendeten hohen Endverdünnungen des Heparinoids.

Der Heparinoidtoleranztest hat sich besonders für die Kontrolle der Anti-koagulantientherapie mit Dicumarolanalogen bewährt. Sind die Thrombopla-stinzeiten stark und die Heparinoidzeiten wenig beeinflußt, so besteht eine abfallende Tendenz der Verlaufskurve, wie stets zu Beginn der Antikoagulan-tientherapie. Sind hingegen die Heparinoidzeiten stärker als die Thrombo-plastinzeiten beeinflußt, so befindet sich die Verlaufskurve im Anstieg.
Fibrin-Coated Collagen Fleece Seems to Prevent Sternal Instability after Cardiac Surgery: A Matched Pair Data Analysis
Authors: Roth Peter , Stella Jenna , Niemann Bernd , Grieshaber Philippe , Roehrig Rainer , Böning Andreas
Published: August 2018

Background To examine if fibrin-coated collagen fleece (Tachosil) interferes with bone and wound healing when it is used on the cut surface of the sternum after median sternotomy.

Methods A total of 25 patients with osteoporotic sternal disorders were treated with fibrin-coated collagen fleece at the cut surface of the sternum after median sternotomy (therapy group). We compared the occurrence of impaired wound healing and sternal instability, reoperation rate, and 30-day mortality with a control group of 25 case-matched patients. After matching for age, gender, and risk factors for sternal instability (diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, body mass index, nicotine consumption), both groups were comparable.

Results Sternal instability occurred in one (4%) patient in the study group and in five (20%) patients in the control group. Impaired wound healing occurred in one (4%) patient in the therapy group and two (8%) patients in the control group. Reoperation was necessary in four (16%) patients in the therapy group and 6 (24%) patients in the control group. The 30-day mortality occurred in six (24%) patients in the therapy group and four (16%) patients in the control group.

Conclusions The use of fibrin-coated collagen fleece on the cut surface of the sternum in patients with osteoporosis does not impair bone and wound healing. Furthermore, it seems to result in less sternal instability. A larger prospective study is necessary to verify the results of this explorative study.
External Prosthetic Reinforcement of the Pulmonary Autograft
Authors: Sames-Dolzer Eva , Schimetta Wolfgang , Kreuzer Michaela , Müller Hannes , Zierer Andreas , Mair Rudolf , Ratschiller Thomas
Published: August 2018

Background Neo-aortic root dilatation accounts for the majority of reoperations needed after the Ross procedure with implantation of the pulmonary autograft as complete root replacement. This study evaluates early results of external prosthetic reinforcement of the autograft.

Methods From July 2015 to October 2017, 16 adolescent and adult patients received a Ross procedure at our department by this technique. A congenital-dysplastic valve was present in 13 patients, including 9 patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up is complete with a mean duration of 19.7 ± 5.8 months.

Results The mean age at operation was 27.1 ± 16.1 years. Mean aortic cross-clamping time was 102 ± 39 minutes. No bleeding complication occurred. The median stay on the intensive care unit was 2 days. In-hospital mortality was 0%. All patients were discharged with no or trivial aortic regurgitation. In one patient both the autograft and homograft were replaced because of endocarditis 3 months after the primary operation, leading to 93.8% freedom from reoperation at 2 years. There were no late deaths during the study period. The latest echocardiography confirmed absence of aortic regurgitation grade >I in all patients. Neo-aortic root diameters remained stable during follow-up.

Conclusion The presented modification of the Ross procedure does not prolong ischemia time, and can be performed with a low operative morbidity and mortality and an excellent early valve function.
Technique for Latex Injection and Reuse of Human Heads Preserved in Formaldehyde
Authors: Dolci Ricardo L.L. , Burchianti Lívia Castellari , Todeschini Alexandre Bossi , Lopes Andre Fanhani , Barros Mirna Duarte , Santos Américo Rubens Leite dos , Lazarini Paulo Roberto
Published: August 2018

Background Understanding the anatomy of the skull base is paramount for every skull base surgeon, particularly in light of the expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches, and of the refined surgical technique used in both medial and lateral approaches. A comprehensive knowledge of anatomy is the cornerstone for a safe surgery, maximizing resection and minimizing complications. The best study method is the careful dissection of fresh human cadaveric heads in a well-equipped anatomy laboratory. In this study, we describe our protocol for preparing cadaveric specimens without vascular injection, which had been preserved in a formaldehyde solution after treating them with a dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride/distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride solution (commercial fabric softener) and injecting the vascular system with latex.

Method Six cadaveric specimens underwent our treatment and subsequent injection of the vascular system and dissection.

Results All specimens showed a good penetration of the latex and a clear improvement of the malleability of the tissues was noticed. The authors agree that this technique improved the quality of the head and facilitated studying.

Conclusion We consider this an effective treatment with latex, reaching small caliber vessels, and a greater malleability and flexibility of tissues, allowing better dissections, and greater anatomical exposure, making them suitable for skull base training, study, and research.
Recurrence-based analysis of barrier breakup in the standard nontwist map
Authors: Santos Moises S. , Mugnaine Michele , Szezech José D. , Batista Antonio M. , Caldas Iberê L. , Baptista Murilo S. , Viana Ricardo L.
Published: August 2018

We study the standard nontwist map that describes the dynamic behaviour of magnetic field lines near a local minimum or maximum of frequency. The standard nontwist map has a shearless invariant curve that acts like a barrier in phase space. Critical parameters for the breakup of the shearless curve have been determined by procedures based on the indicator points and bifurcations of periodical orbits, a methodology that demands high computational cost. To determine the breakup critical parameters, we propose a new simpler and general procedure based on the determinism analysis performed on the recurrence plot of orbits near the critical transition. We also show that the coexistence of islands and chaotic sea in phase space can be analysed by using the recurrence plot. In particular, the measurement of determinism from the recurrence plot provides us with a simple procedure to distinguish periodic from chaotic structures in the parameter space. We identify an invariant shearless breakup scenario, and we also show that recurrence plots are useful tools to determine the presence of periodic orbit collisions and bifurcation curves.
Topological insulator-metal transition and molecular electronics device based on zigzag phagraphene nanoribbon
Authors: da Silva C. A. B. , Côrrea S. M. , dos Santos J. C. da S. , Nisioka K. R. , Moura-Moreira M. , Wang Y.-P. , Del Nero J. , Cheng H.-P.
Published: August 2018

In this work, we investigate the electronic transport properties of a graphene allotrope composed of 5–6-7 carbon aromatic rings called phagraphene and compare with the results of the transition-voltage spectroscopy (TVS) and propose the behavior at low voltage characteristic of a topological insulator. Phagraphene properties were compared to those of graphene in a zigzag nanoribbon configuration, zigzag graphene vs zigzag phagraphene nanoribbon (zzGNR and zzPGNR). The molecular geometry and the electronic properties were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) without spin, and the electronic transport and TVS were obtained by means of DFT combined with non-equilibrium Green´s function when we couple the optimized geometry of zzGNR and zzPGNR to the leads (left and right), forming the molecular junction that will be subjected to the action of an external bias voltage (Ve) to generate the molecular device. The results exhibit (i) a metal-insulator transition when Ve is increased until Ve = 1.4 V which corresponds to the nonlinear region (resonance), showing the field effect transistor behaviour for zzGNR junctions; and (ii) two nonlinear regions (two negative differential resistances), showing a resonant tunnel diode behaviour with two operation windows (Ve = 0.5 V and Ve = 1.7 V) for the zzPGNR junction. In addition, the zzPGNR junction exhibits topological insulator characteristics upon introducing topological defects such as pentagons and heptagons in the hexagonal lattice of graphene, and when Ve = 1.7 V, there occurs a topological insulator-metal transition that can be seen in the behaviour of the density of states, transmittance, and frontier molecular orbitals with Ve.
An efficient hybrid orbital representation for quantum Monte Carlo calculations
Authors: Luo Ye , Esler Kenneth P. , Kent Paul R. C. , Shulenburger Luke
Published: August 2018

The scale and complexity of the quantum system to which real-space quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) can be applied in part depends on the representation and memory usage of the trial wavefunction. B-splines, the computationally most efficient basis set, can have memory requirements exceeding the capacity of a single computational node. This situation has traditionally forced a difficult choice of either using slow internode communication or a potentially less accurate but smaller basis set such as Gaussians. Here, we introduce a hybrid representation of the single particle orbitals that combine a localized atomic basis set around atomic cores and B-splines in the interstitial regions to reduce the memory usage while retaining the high speed of evaluation and either retaining or increasing overall accuracy. We present a benchmark calculation for NiO demonstrating a superior accuracy while using only one eighth of the memory required for conventional B-splines. The hybrid orbital representation therefore expands the overall range of systems that can be practically studied with QMC.
Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy for high speed measurements of Stark split neutral beam emission in a high temperature plasma
Authors: Burke M. G. , Fonck R. J. , McKee G. R. , Winz G. R.
Published: August 2018

Measurement of electrostatic potential, or local electric field, turbulence is a critical missing component in validating nonlinear turbulence and transport simulations of fusion plasmas. A novel diagnostic is being developed for measuring local electric field fluctuations, Ẽ(r,t), via high-speed measurements of the light emitted from a hydrogenic neutral beam. It exploits the proportionality of the spectral line splitting from the Motional Stark Effect to the total electric field experienced by the neutral atom at the excitation site. The measurement is localized by the usual cross-beam geometry of beam-spectroscopy measurements. The corner stone of the diagnostic is a high spectral resolution, high etendue spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS). A SHS design with high etendue (∼5 mm2 sr) and resolution (∼0.14 nm) meets the formidable spectrometer requirements. Field tests of the spectrometer at the DIII-D tokamak demonstrate that the beam emission spectrum produced by the SHS agrees with that of a traditional spectrometer and that the measured flux is adequate for turbulence studies.
Design of PVDF sensor array for determining airflow direction and velocity
Authors: Hu Jie , Peng Hanmin , Yao Xinke
Published: August 2018

An airflow sensor comprised of an array of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) cantilever sensors mounted on a sensor ring is fabricated. A fluid-solid-electric coupling model based on the finite element method is presented to obtain the mathematical relationship between the normal airflow velocity and the response voltage. According to the response voltages from all pieces of PVDF cantilevers in the array, the values of the airflow direction and the velocity can be calculated. Furthermore, to find a suitable algorithm for error calculations and to achieve high accuracy, a method of reducing the flow angle error (Eαn,cal¯) and flow velocity error (Δvn,cal¯) by extracting Um of the effective cantilevers can be established. The experimental results show that the maximum value of Eαn,cal¯ is 1.2° (at 270° with 11.1 m/s) and the minimum value of Eαn,cal¯ is 0.3° (at 135° with 11.1 m/s) based on the PVDF sensor array with eight cantilevers. Meanwhile, the maximum value of Evn,cal¯ is 3% (at 315° with 11.1 m/s), and the minimum value of Evn,cal¯ is 1.5% (at 360° with 11.1 m/s). In addition, under 20 random airflow angles at 8 m/s, the error range in airflow velocity is from 1.27% to 2.67%, the error range in airflow angle is from 0.34° to 1.24°, and the response time is 20 ms. Therefore, the proposed design for an airflow sensory ring array can be used to determine the airflow direction and velocity, and the airflow sensor can be miniaturized as a bionic antennae, which is mounted on the skin of a piezoelectric autonomous mobile robot for sensing and escaping from an attack of the natural enemy.
Application of the transferred matrix method to a unified evaluation of the cathodic electron emission
Authors: Baeva M.
Published: August 2018

The work is concerned with the Transfer Matrix Method for solving the steady-state Schrödinger equation applied for a unified evaluation of the emission current density from non-refractory cathodes. The method is applicable to arbitrary shapes of the potential barrier and its transmission probability is obtained without any analytical approximations. The Fermi-Dirac distribution for the free electrons in the metal is considered as a supply function. The results, obtained for a work function of the cathode material of 4.5 eV over a wide range of values of the surface temperature and the electric field strength, clearly show a growing deviation from those obtained by the classical Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation with the increase of the electric field strength. Preliminary results are obtained to demonstrate the applicability of the Transfer Matrix method to the evaluation of the ion-assisted electron emission. A significant local enhancement of the emission current density is obtained as a result of the presence of an ion at a fixed position near the metal surface. The effect becomes very strongly pronounced at an appropriate value of the electric field strength, for which a resonant ion contribution appears.
Short-range order in metals above the Curie temperature
Authors: Melnikov N. B. , Reser B. I. , Paradezhenko G. V.
Published: August 2018

We use the dynamic spin-fluctuation theory to study spin-density correlations in ferromagnetic metals above the Curie temperature. We calculate the spatial spin-correlation function, dynamic susceptibility and local magnetic moment. The dynamic susceptibility is related to the energy-integrated scattering cross-section (effective moment). Calculated effective and local moments of Fe and Ni are found in good agreement with results of polarized neutron scattering experiment over a wide temperature range. We find that short-range order remains up to distances of about 6 Å in Fe and 8 Å in Ni at TTC = 1.1 and slowly decreases with temperature.
Weak ferromagnetism of (Fe1-xNix)Si with B20 structure
Authors: Tsutaoka Takanori , Kaneshige Kenshiro , Ueda Koyo
Published: August 2018

Magnetic and electrical properties of Ni doped (Fe1-xNix)Si (x=0-0.5) have been studied by measuring magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity. FeSi compound (x = 0) shows a weak ferromagnetic property at 2.0 K with small magnetization about 0.07 μB/f.u. at 50 kOe; high temperature magnetic susceptibility suggests paramagnetic property. By the substitution of Fe by Ni, low temperature weak ferromagnetic state is suppressed; magnetization continuously decreases with increasing x up to 0.5. Magnetic susceptibility shows Curie type temperature variation at low temperature; paramagnetic susceptibility does not obey the Curie-Weiss law for all samples. The electrical resistivity of (Fe1-xNix)Si indicates a semiconductive property at x = 0. The low temperature resistivity is substantially suppressed with increasing x; semimetallic and metallic property appears at x = 0.2 and 0.4, respectively.
A low-energy effective model for the S=1/2 Kagome-triangular-strip Heisenberg model
Authors: Okunishi Kouichi , Onozato Yoshitaka , Seki Kouichi
Published: August 2018

We study low-energy properties of the S=1/2 kagome-triangular-strip Heisenberg model. Using exact diagonalization, we calculate magnetization curves of the model in the ferromagnetic kagome coupling regime, where the singlet ground state and 1/3 plateau emerge. In order to analyze formation of the singlet ground state, we further derive a low-energy effective ladder model, focusing on the parity degrees of freedom for the two degenerating doublets of the unit triangle. We then discuss the entanglement between the spin and parity degrees of freedom.
Theory of field-insensitive heavy fermion in Sm compounds
Authors: Shiina Ryousuke
Published: August 2018

The origin of a field-insensitive heavy-fermion state observed in Sm compounds is studied by an effective two-orbital Anderson model for 4f states in Sm ions. It is shown that the fermi-liquid state with an enhanced specific-heat coefficient and a vanishingly small Wilson ratio is realized in the vicinity of a quantum critical point and accounts well for the unconventional heavy-fermion phenomenon.
Doping-induced states near the Mott transition in the presence of antiferromagnetic order
Authors: Kohno Masanori
Published: August 2018

A central issue of the Mott transition is how electronic states change in the Mott transition. Here, by taking into account spin fluctuation around the mean-field state using the random-phase approximation, electronic states exhibiting the spin-wave dispersion relation shifted by the Fermi momenta are shown to emerge in the Mott gap on doping an antiferromagnetically ordered Mott insulator. This characteristic contrasts with that of the mean-field approximation where doping does not induce electronic states in the gap. The results imply that this characteristic is general and fundamental to the Mott transition even in the presence of antiferromagnetic order.
A quantum-based power standard: Using Rydberg atoms for a SI-traceable radio-frequency power measurement technique in rectangular waveguides
Authors: Holloway Christopher L. , Simons Matthew T. , Kautz Marcus D. , Haddab Abdulaziz H. , Gordon Joshua A. , Crowley Thomas P.
Published: August 2018

In this work, we demonstrate an approach for determining radio-frequency (RF) power using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Rydberg atomic vapor. This is accomplished by placing alkali atomic vapor in a rectangular waveguide and measuring the electric (E) field strength (utilizing EIT and Autler-Townes splitting) for a wave propagating down the waveguide. The RF power carried by the wave is then related to this measured E-field, which leads to a direct International System of Units measurement of RF power. To demonstrate this approach, we first measure the field distribution of the fundamental mode in the waveguide and then determine the power carried by the wave at both 19.629 GHz and 26.526 GHz from the measured E-field. We show comparisons between the RF power obtained with this technique and those obtained with a conventional power meter.
Investigation on the dependence of degradation rate on hole concentration during boron-oxygen related light-induced degradation in crystalline silicon
Authors: Graf Alexander , Herguth Axel , Hahn Giso
Published: August 2018

Boron-oxygen related light-induced degradation (BO-LID) of effective charge carrier lifetime is one of the major problems for photovoltaics based on oxygen-rich boron-doped wafer substrates. Within this contribution, the dependence of slow BO-related degradation rate on total hole concentration at 30°C is investigated. A widened high power 805 nm IR-laser is used to reach injection levels comparable with the doping level of the used 2 Ωcm material thus significantly impacting total hole concentration. It is found that slow BO-related degradation rate scales almost quadratically with total hole concentration in best agreement with results from other groups suggesting the involvement of two holes in the slow BO-related degradation mechanism.
Simulations of bio-oil refinement can improve production efficiency
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: August 2018

Bio-oil, a promising sustainable petroleum alternative, could be produced more efficiently and cost-effectively according to new results.
Developing the north: learning from the past to guide future plans and policies
Authors: Ash Andrew , Watson Ian
Published: August 2018

The development of northern Australia has been a policy ambition for over a century and the desire to do so continues unabated. Attempts to develop the north, especially for more intensive forms of agriculture are not new. In this paper we explore past agricultural developments, including some that persist today and those that have failed, to determine critical factors in success or failure. This was done with the aim of identifying where most effort should focus in supporting contemporary agricultural developments. Although climatic and environmental constraints, including pests and diseases, remain a challenge for agricultural development in these largely tropical rangelands, it is mainly factors associated with finances and investment planning, land tenure and property rights, management, skills, and supply chains, which provide the critical challenges. In particular, the desire to scale-up too rapidly and the associated failure to invest sufficient time and resources in management to learn how to develop appropriate farming systems that are sustainable and economically viable is a recurrent theme through the case study assessment. Scaling up in a more measured way, with a staged approach to the investment in physical capital, should better allow for the inevitable set-backs and the unexpected costs in developing tropical rangelands for agriculture. There are two notable differences from the historical mandate to develop. First is the acknowledgement that development should not disadvantage Indigenous people, that Indigenous people have strong interests and rights in land and water resources and that these resources will be deployed to further Indigenous economic development. Second, assessing environmental impacts of more intensive development is more rigorous than in the past and the resources and timeframes required for these processes are often underestimated.
Feedback-mediated signal conversion promotes viral fitness
Authors: Vardi Noam , Chaturvedi Sonali , Weinberger Leor S.
Published: August 2018

Significance

How biological systems robustly sustain differentiated states is under active study. Here, we find that human cytomegalovirus, a herpesvirus that is a major cause of birth defects, encodes a transcriptional positive-feedback loop that temporally extends transient activation signals carried in the incoming viral particle to sustain the viral lytic expression cycle. Attenuation of this feedback loop severely impacts virus fitness, suggesting a new antiviral target that may extend to other herpesviruses.
Lifetime dynamics of plasmons in the few-atom limit
Authors: Chapkin Kyle D. , Bursi Luca , Stec Grant J. , Lauchner Adam , Hogan Nathaniel J. , Cui Yao , Nordlander Peter , Halas Naomi J.
Published: August 2018

Significance

In this work, we study collective electronic excitations—plasmons—in the few-atom limit in charged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. These systems are the zero-dimensional limit of graphene, consisting of only a few fused aromatic carbon rings where the perimeter atoms are bonded to hydrogen. As systems identified as supporting plasmons, established by the transfer of a single electron to or from the neutral PAH molecule, they are perhaps the most optimal examples where a clear distinction between plasmons and single electron–hole pair excitations can be rigorously made. Here, we study the lifetime dynamics of charged versus neutral PAH molecules to characterize the relaxation channels in these quantum plasmon systems.
Multidimensional comparison of countries’ adaptation to societal aging
Authors: Chen Cynthia , Goldman Dana P. , Zissimopoulos Julie , Rowe John W. ,   Research Network on an Aging Society, Antonucci Toni , Berkman Lisa , Borsch-Supan Axel , Carstensen Laura , Chen Cynthia , Fried Linda , Furstenberg Frank , Goldman Dana P. , Kohli Martin , Jackson James , Olshansky Jay , Rehkopf David , Rother John , Rowe John , Zissimopoulos Julie
Published: August 2018

Significance

The proportion of older adults in the population is growing rapidly across the globe. This demographic transformation into “aging societies” presents very consequential economic and social risks. Countries vary substantially in the degree to which they have been aging and in their establishment of the policies, supports, and services needed to facilitate the well-being of older persons. Based on a multidimensional definition of a successfully aging society, we present an index that quantifies the degree to which nations are effectively facing the challenge of population aging. This index permits comparisons across countries and facilitates identifications of gaps within countries in adaptation as well as approaches that have been effective in closing such gaps.
Aversion to ambiguity and model misspecification in dynamic stochastic environments
Authors: Hansen Lars Peter , Miao Jianjun
Published: August 2018

Significance

In many dynamic economic settings, a decision maker finds it challenging to quantify the uncertainty or assess the potential for mistakes in models. We explore alternative ways of acknowledging these challenges by drawing on insights from decision theory as conceptualized in statistics, engineering, and economics. We suggest tractable and revealing ways to incorporate behavioral responses to uncertainty, broadly conceived. Our analysis adopts recursive intertemporal preferences for decision makers that allow them to be ambiguity averse and concerned about the potential misspecification of subjective uncertainty. By design, these representations have revealing implications for continuous time environments with Brownian information structures. Problems where uncertainty’s structure is obscure, such as macroeconomics, finance, and climate change, are promising areas for application of these tools.
Cdt1 stabilizes kinetochore–microtubule attachments via an Aurora B kinase–dependent mechanism
Authors: Agarwal Shivangi , Smith Kyle Paul , Zhou Yizhuo , Suzuki Aussie , McKenney Richard J. , Varma Dileep
Published: August 2018

Robust kinetochore–microtubule (kMT) attachment is critical for accurate chromosome segregation. G2/M-specific depletion of human Cdt1 that localizes to kinetochores in an Ndc80 complex–dependent manner leads to abnormal kMT attachments and mitotic arrest. This indicates an independent mitotic role for Cdt1 in addition to its prototypic function in DNA replication origin licensing. Here, we show that Cdt1 directly binds to microtubules (MTs). Endogenous or transiently expressed Cdt1 localizes to both mitotic spindle MTs and kinetochores. Deletion mapping of Cdt1 revealed that the regions comprising the middle and C-terminal winged-helix domains but lacking the N-terminal unstructured region were required for efficient MT binding. Mitotic kinase Aurora B interacts with and phosphorylates Cdt1. Aurora B–phosphomimetic Cdt1 exhibited attenuated MT binding, and its cellular expression induced defective kMT attachments with a concomitant delay in mitotic progression. Thus we provide mechanistic insight into how Cdt1 affects overall kMT stability in an Aurora B kinase phosphorylation-dependent manner; which is envisioned to augment the MT-binding of the Ndc80 complex.
Chow motives associated to certain algebraic Hecke characters
Authors: Flapan Laure , Lang Jaclyn
Published: August 2018

Shimura and Taniyama proved that if

A
A

is a potentially CM abelian variety over a number field

F
F

with CM by a field

K
K

linearly disjoint from F, then there is an algebraic Hecke character

λ
A

\lambda _A

of

F
K

FK

such that

L
(
A

/

F
,
s
)
=
L
(

λ
A

,
s
)

L(A/F,s)=L(\lambda _A,s)

. We consider a certain converse to their result. Namely, let

A
A

be a potentially CM abelian variety appearing as a factor of the Jacobian of a curve of the form

y
e

=
γ

x
f

+
δ

y^e=\gamma x^f+\delta

. Fix positive integers

a
a

and

n
n

such that

n

/

2
>
a
≤
n

n/2 > a \leq n

. Under mild conditions on

e
,
f
,
γ
,
δ

e, f, \gamma , \delta

, we construct a Chow motive

M
M

, defined over

F
=

Q

(
γ
,
δ
)

F=\mathbb {Q}(\gamma ,\delta )

, such that

L
(
M

/

F
,
s
)

L(M/F,s)

and

L
(

λ
A
a

λ
¯

A

n
−
a

,
s
)

L(\lambda _A^a\overline {\lambda }_A^{n-a},s)

have the same Euler factors outside finitely many primes.
The kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect of the large-scale structure (II): the effect of modified gravity
Authors: Roncarelli M , Baldi M , Villaescusa-Navarro F
Published: August 2018

The key to understand the nature of dark energy lies in our ability to probe the distant Universe. In this framework, the recent detection of the kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect signature in the cosmic microwave background obtained with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) is extremely useful since this observable is sensitive to the high-redshift diffuse plasma. We analyse a set of cosmological hydrodynamical simulation with four different realizations of a Hu & Sawicki f(R) gravity model, parametrized by the values of $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$= (0, −10−6, −10−5, −10−4), to compute the properties of the kSZ effect due to the ionized Universe and how they depend on $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$ and on the redshift of reionization, zre. In the standard General Relativity limit ($\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$= 0) we obtain an amplitude of the kSZ power spectrum of $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}$$= 4.1\,$$\mu$K2 (zre= 8.8), close to the +1σ limit of the $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}$$= (2.9\pm 1.3)\,$$\mu$K2 measurement by SPT. This corresponds to an upper limit on the kSZ contribute from patchy reionization of $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ,patchy}_{3000}$$\lt 0.9\,$$\mu$K2 (95 per cent confidence level). Modified gravity boosts the kSZ signal by about 3, 12, and 50 per cent for $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$=(− 10−6, −10−5, −10−4), respectively, with almost no dependence on the angular scale. This means that with modified gravity the limits on patchy reionization shrink significantly: for $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$=−10−5 we obtain $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ,patchy}_{3000}$$\lt 0.4\,$$\mu$K2. Finally, we provide an analytical formula for the scaling of the kSZ power spectrum with zre and $\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}$ at different multipoles: at ℓ = 3000 we obtain $\mathcal {D}^{\rm kSZ}_{3000}$ ∝ zre$^{0.24}\left(1+\sqrt{\left|\overline{f}_{\rm R,0}\right|}\right)^{41}$.
Nonparametric Statistical Analysis in Psychology
Authors: Privitera Gregory J. , Gillespie James J.
Published: August 2018

While nonparametric testing was first introduced in the early 1700s in a paper that utilized a version of the sign test, most nonparametric tests utilized today were developed later in the twentieth century, primarily since the late 1930s. Nonparametric testing has three unique characteristics that make it advantageous for analysis: (a) it can be used to analyze data that are not scaled, that is, data on a nominal or an ordinal scale of measurement; (b) it generally does not require assumptions about population parameters; and (c) it generally does not require that the distribution in a given population is normal, often referred to as “distribution free” tests. In terms of computation, the analysis of nonparametric tests are achieved without needing the value of a sample mean and sample variance, thereby making it possible for these tests to evaluate “effects” in populations with any type of distribution, that is, these tests can be computed without assumptions related to variability in a population. Two critical concerns highlight the need for the elucidation of nonparametric testing in terms of its role in psychology. First, much of human behavior and performance does not conform to a normal distribution, which drives the need for “distribution free” tests to comprehensively study human behavior. Second, the disclosure and reporting of statistical testing can be problematic. To some extent, a disconnect exists in the peer-review literature between the reporting of parametric tests and the corresponding assumptions for those tests, that is, assumptions often are not mentioned at all to justify the use of parametric testing. It is largely left to the reader to accept that all assumptions were satisfied. Further evidence exists of misreported statistical outcomes in the peer-review psychological literature tending to favor the researchers’ expectations of an outcome. These discrepancies highlight the need for a broader understanding of the role and utility of nonparametric statistical alternatives in null hypothesis significance testing. This article aims to provide resources, both in text and online, for introducing and explaining nonparametric statistics and advanced nonparametric methodologies in psychology.