bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling theCanvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration
Authors: Lee Eun Su , Szkudlarek Betina , Nguyen Duc Cuong , Nardon Luciara
Published: March 2020

Increasing levels of displacement and the need to integrate refugees in the workforce pose new challenges to organizations and societies. Extant research on refugee employment and workforce integration currently resides across various disconnected disciplines, posing a significant challenge for management scholars to contribute to timely and relevant solutions. In this paper, we endeavour to address this challenge by reviewing and synthesizing multidisciplinary literature on refugee employment and workforce integration. Using a relational framework, we organize our findings around three levels of analysis – institutional, organizational and individual – to outline the complexity of factors affecting refugees’ employment outcomes. Based on our analysis, we introduce and elaborate on the phenomenon of thecanvas ceiling‒ a systemic, multilevel barrier to refugee workforce integration and professional advancement. The primary contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we map and integrate the multidisciplinary findings on the challenges of refugee workforce integration. Second, we provide management scholarship with a future research agenda to address the knowledge gap identified in this review and advance practical developments in this domain.
ISO 45001 and controversial transnational private regulation for occupational health and safety
Authors: HERAS‐SAIZARBITORIA Iñaki , BOIRAL Olivier , IBARLOZA Ander
Published: March 2020

This article analyses the genesis of the ISO 45001 standard on occupational health and safety, a new initiative of transnational private regulation. The authors draw a picture of controversy from interviews with stakeholders involved in its design, approval and initial dissemination, and from a qualitative content analysis of the internal documentation of the committee responsible for its approval. Like its predecessors relating to environmental management – ISO 14001 – and corporate social responsibility – ISO 26000 – this new standard raises serious concerns among stakeholders given that it deals with substantive political, social and legal issues.
El trabajo y las normas internacionales de contabilidad. Una cuestión de justicia social
Authors: JUBÉ Samuel
Published: March 2020

Como garante internacional de la justicia social, la OIT se enfrenta a una revolución contable que ha culminado con la formulación de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (NIC‐NIIF). Antiguamente, la contabilidad medía la economía en relación con las capacidades y responsabilidades de los trabajadores y de sus empleadores. Hoy las NIC‐NIIF han perdido el sentido de la medida del trabajo y de la empresa al tomar esta como una entidad cibernética capaz de reorganizarse indefinidamente a costa de infinitas desigualdades. El autor señala las incoherencias de este modelo y demuestra la necesidad de restituir el valor contable del trabajo.
A comparison of latitudinal species diversity patterns between riverine and terrestrial earthworms from the North American temperate zone
Authors: Ikeda Hiroshi , Callaham Mac A. , Shefferson Richard P. , Wenk Evelyn S. , Fragoso Carlos
Published: March 2020

Aim

Latitudinal clines of species diversity are widely documented in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the processes governing species diversity gradients in riverine ecosystems have not been well‐studied. We addressed this issue by comparing species diversity between riverine aquatic and terrestrial earthworm groups (genus Sparganophilus and Diplocardia, respectively).

Location

North American temperate zone.

Taxon

Sparganophilus and Diplocardia.

Methods

We collected 556 Sparganophilus earthworms from 64 sites spanning 27 degrees of latitude (18.77°–45.90°N), and 165 Diplocardia earthworms from 23 sites (21 degrees, 19.77°–41.20°N). We split potential species from the phylogenetic trees based on four genes and compared the latitudinal pattern of species diversity between these two groups.

Results

We estimated the number of potential species to be 10 for Sparganophilus and 8 for Diplocardia, respectively, from 526 haplotypes (403 in Sparganophilus and 123 in Diplocardia). Sparganophilus species diversity was higher at mid‐latitudes (32° to 40°) due to a preponderance of species with limited geographical distributions, whereas all specimens collected north of 40° belonged to broadly distributed species. Species with limited geographical distributions were more often collected at higher elevations than broadly distributed species in Sparganophilus. For Diplocardia, species diversity was higher at lower latitudes (28° to 32°).

Main Conclusions

These results suggest that, in Sparganophilus, species composition at higher latitudes above 40° is derived from range expansion by broadly distributed species from lower latitudes. The high elevation area in the native distribution range of Sparganophilus is limited to the Appalachian Mountains, which ranges above 33° in latitude. The high species diversity of Sparganophilus with limited distributions at mid‐latitude (32°–40°) suggests that the headwater regions at the Appalachian Mountains are sites for more frequent speciation.
Modelling species distributions in dynamic landscapes: The importance of the temporal dimension
Authors: Andrew Margaret E. , Fox Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Aim

Temporal variation in environmental conditions merits greater consideration in species distribution models (SDMs), and is especially relevant in dynamic systems, such as arid and semi‐arid environments, where precipitation and resource pulses are unpredictable in space and time. Species responses to this spatio‐temporal variation include tracking resource availability with nomadic life histories or reliance on refugia that provide stable, high‐quality habitat. This study evaluated whether inclusion of temporal variables representing short‐ and long‐term environmental variation improves SDMs.

Location

Great Western Woodlands, Western Australia.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

Temporal information was added to SDMs of 36 bird species with two types of environmental predictor variables: (a) time‐specific estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) and precipitation paired to survey dates; and (b) estimates of the temporal stability of GPP over the MODIS archive, providing an index of the degree to which sites might function as habitat refugia from disturbance and drought. Predictions were compared with those from SDMs using static variables from single time points.

Results

Model predictions revealed considerable temporal variation in species distributions and various spatio‐temporal responses to environmental variation. Temporal variables modestly improved model performance overall, but results were species‐specific. Time‐specific environmental variables were most important to models of nomadic and nectivorous species, which experienced the greatest improvements in model performance when including temporal variables, and showed the greatest disagreement between temporal and static model predictions, and the predictions of temporal models applied to different time points. Long‐term environmental variation was relevant across species groups, though the chosen measure of variability differed between species.

Main Conclusions

Temporal variation influences species distributions and may need to be explicitly included in SDMs. However, the nature and degree of species' responses to environmental dynamics depends on species movement behaviours; appropriate selection of temporal variables for SDMs requires ecological understanding of the species of interest. Results of spatio‐temporal SDMs can identify the extent to which landscape management must account for temporal variability to achieve conservation goals.
Self‐reported physical and psychological symptoms among victims and perpetrators of bullying in Arab American Adolescents
Authors: Albdour Maha , Hong Jun Sung , Zilioli Samuele , Lumley Mark A.
Published: March 2020

Problem

The adverse effects of bullying victimization among adolescents have been examined extensively. However, few studies have examined how bullying perpetration affects health. Moreover, ethnic or religious minorities are particularly at risk for bullying involvement, but little is known about bullying among Arab Americans. The purpose of this study is to examine how bullying perpetration and victimization are related—independently and concurrently—to physical and psychological problems among Arab American adolescents.

Method

Arab American adolescents (N = 150), ages 12–16, were recruited from a community center and a mosque located in Southeast Michigan. Participants completed the Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument, the Children's Somatization Inventory, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Findings

Both bullying perpetration and victimization correlated positively with physical and psychological symptoms. Hierarchical regressions indicated that both perpetration and victimization simultaneously and significantly predicted physical and psychological symptoms, and these relationships were independent of the demographic factors and general life stress.

Conclusions

Bullying perpetration and victimization are associated with adverse health outcomes in Arab American adolescents, independent of life stress. These findings are among the first ones in this population and pave the way for future research and intervention programs.
RETRACTED: Circular RNA circFBXO11 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma progress and oxaliplatin resistance through miR‐605/FOXO3/ABCB1 axis
Authors: Li Jin , Qin Xiaoping , Wu Ruishan , Wan Li , Zhang Liang , Liu Rui
Published: March 2020

Increasing findings suggest the critical role of circular RNA (circRNA) in human cancer, and chemotherapy resistance is a poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The function of circRNA in the HCC oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that circRNA circFBXO11 was significantly up‐regulated in HCC tissues, and the circFBXO11 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. CircFBXO11 was found to promote the HCC proliferation, cycle progress and OXA resistance. Mechanistically, circFBXO11 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and harboured the miR‐605, thereby targeting FOXO3 protein. Furthermore, FOXO3 targeted the promoter region of ABCB1 to accelerate its expression. In conclusion, this research reveals the role of circFBXO11/miR‐605/FOXO3/ABCB1 axis in the HCC OXA resistance, providing new insight for circRNA‐based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Social communication deficits following early‐life deprivation and relation to psychopathology: a randomized clinical trial of foster care
Authors: Wade Mark , Zeanah Charles H. , Fox Nathan A. , Nelson Charles A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Children reared in institutions experience profound deprivation that is linked to impairments in social communication (SC). However, little is known about the long‐term consequences of institutional rearing on SC through adolescence, and how SC deficits relate to broad‐spectrum psychopathology. It is also unclear whether early removal from deprivation and placement into socially enriched environments remediates these difficulties.

Methods

Children reared in Romanian institutions from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project were randomly assigned to care as usual or foster care intervention in early childhood. An age‐ and sex‐matched group of never‐institutionalized children was also recruited. SC data from 208 children at age 8 and 129 children at 16 were collected using the Social Communication Questionnaire. Psychopathology was assessed as saved factor scores for general (P) and specific internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems. We examined (a) whether institutional rearing is associated with continued SC deficits into adolescence; (b) whether early placement into foster care mitigates risk for SC problems; and (c) associations between SC and psychopathology from middle childhood (age 8) to adolescence (age 16).

Results

Findings suggest that: (a) institutionally‐reared children have significantly more SC problems than never‐institutionalized children at age 16; (b) children placed into foster care early in life have fewer problems with reciprocal social interaction compared to those with prolonged institutional rearing; and (c) deficits in SC at age 8 partially account for the link between institutional rearing and general psychopathology at age 16.

Conclusions

Early deprivation is associated with impairments in SC that persist into adolescence, with evidence for the remedial benefit of family‐based care in the domain of reciprocal social interaction. Moreover, deficits in SC among ever‐institutionalized children in middle childhood may increase the risk of broad‐spectrum psychopathology in adolescence, thus providing one putative target for early intervention to safeguard against later psychiatric problems.
Competitive interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes and parasitoid venom
Authors: Shaik Haq Abdul , Mishra Archana , Hussein Hany M. , Skoková Habuštová Oxana , Sehnal František
Published: March 2020

Entomopathogenic nematodes and parasitoid larvae of some wasps play important roles in the natural control of the pest insects. However, it has not been excluded that competition between nematodes and wasps may in some cases reduce their efficacy in the pest control. Using caterpillars of Spodoptera littoralis, we examined interactions between the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and the venom of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor. The survival of S. littoralis caterpillars was reduced in a dose‐dependent manner when 5 to 500 nematodes or 0.005–0.1 venom units were applied to single caterpillars. High doses of either nematodes or the venom caused death within 1–3 days in all treated hosts. The low doses of nematodes killed caterpillars within a week, in some cases when they attempted to pupate. Caterpillars receiving low venom doses were characterized by extended survival time terminated with death due to starvation. Combined treatment of nematodes and the venom were mutually synergistic and elicited severe lethal effects. The nematodes were fully resistant to the venom and can feed and grow on the symbiotic bacteria in vitro. The venom impairs food processing and causes death of caterpillars due to starvation. Disruption of the hormonal regulation of metamorphosis by ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone could be responsible for defective moults block at different stages of the moulting process, regionally restricted moulting, moults to “intermediates” combining regions of newly secreted larval and pupal cuticles.
Six new non‐native ants (Formicidae) in the Canary Islands and their possible impacts
Authors: Hernández‐Teixidor David , Pérez‐Delgado Antonio José , Suárez Daniel , Reyes‐López Joaquin
Published: March 2020

Biological invasions are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss, especially on oceanic islands. Ants are among the most damaging pests in the world. After systematic sampling of more than 1,000 localities in the Canary Islands, six new exotic ant species are reported for the first time: Pheidole bilimeki (Myrmicinae), Pheidole navigans (Myrmicinae), Strumigenys membranifera (Myrmicinae), Brachymyrmex cordemoyi (Formicinae), Tapinoma darioi (Dolichoderinae) and Technomyrmex pallipes (Dolichoderinae). Moreover, another two recently reported species have been genetically confirmed. Morphological and genetic data were analysed to confirm the identity of the new records. For each species, information regarding identification, distribution, global invasive records and possible impacts is given. The arrival of these species may endanger local biodiversity.
Improved detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by dynamic computed tomography in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B: A multicenter study
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Kang Seong Hee , Lee Minjong , Choi Hoon Sung , Jun Baek Gyu , Kim Tae Suk , Choi Dae Hee , Suk Ki Tae , Kim Moon Young , Kim Young Don , Cheon Gab Jin , Baik Soon Koo , Kim Dong Joon
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims

Current guidelines for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients are to undergo surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 6‐monthly ultrasonography (US). However, sensitivities of US to detect early‐stage HCC in cirrhotic patients are suboptimal. We aimed to compare overall survival and detection rates of very‐early‐stage HCC in two groups: group A, undergoing 6‐monthly US versus group B, undergoing 6‐monthly US alternating with dynamic computed tomography (CT).

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study assessed 1235 cirrhotic patients with CHB under entecavir/tenofovir therapy from 2007 to 2016. The primary endpoint was overall survival rates between the two groups. The Cox proportional hazards model and propensity score matching analyses were used to assess the effect of surveillance modalities on overall survival and detection of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 HCC after balancing.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, 10‐year cumulative HCC incidence rates of 16.3% were significantly higher in group B (n = 576) than 13.7% in group A (n = 659; P < 0.001). However, in patients with HCC, 10‐year overall survival rates of 85.1% were significantly higher in group B than 65.6% in group A (P = 0.001 by log‐rank test). CT exam alternating with US was independently associated with reduced overall mortality (hazard ratio 0.47, P = 0.02). Cumulative incidence of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 HCC was significantly higher in group B than in group A (hazard ratio 2.82, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In cirrhotic patients with CHB, dynamic CT exam alternating with US led to higher detection rates of very‐early‐stage HCC and benefit of overall survival than did US exams.
A Critical Review: Moral Injury in Nurses in the Aftermath of a Patient Safety Incident
Authors: Stovall Mady , Hansen Lissi , van Ryn Michelle
Published: March 2020

Background

To date, there has been no published work towards understanding or classifying patient safety incidents (PSIs) or their aftermath as potential morally injurious experiences (pMIEs). A morally injurious experience is one that violates deeply held moral values and beliefs, and can put an individual at risk for burnout, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and other trauma‐related problems. This can also set the stage for moral injury, which can occur when there has been a betrayal of what is right by someone in a position of legitimate authority, or by one’s self, in a high‐stakes situation.

Objective

The objective of this review of nurse second victim literature is to describe symptoms of moral injury empirically observed in nurses in the aftermath of a PSI.

Methods

A critical review using a SALSA (search, appraisal, synthesis, analysis) method commenced with a search of electronic data base–indexed original evidence between 1980 and December 2018, focusing on registered nurses involved with a PSI.

Results

The nurse empirical literature reviewed included qualitative (n = 10), quantitative (n = 7), and mixed‐methods (n = 4) studies (total n = 21). Core moral injury symptoms included guilt (67%), shame (71%), spiritual‐existential crisis (9%), and loss of trust (52%). Secondary symptoms of moral injury included depression (33%), anxiety (57%), anger (71%), self‐harm, (19%), and social problems (48%).

Implications

Moral injury better describes what historically has been called the nurse second victim phenomenon. Through identification of pMIEs and symptoms of moral injury, nurses and organizations can be empowered to advance training and intervention programs addressing pMIEs that affect nurses’ safety and retention in the aftermath of a PSI.

Clinical Relevance

By describing the experiences associated with a PSI as potentially morally injurious, we set the stage to describe the potential consequences associated with the aftermath of the PSI. Furthermore, this language avoids victimizing those involved by more accurately reflecting the pMIEs of the aftermath.
Healthcare professionals providing care coordination to people living with multimorbidity: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Peart Annette , Lewis Virginia , Barton Chris , Russell Grant
Published: March 2020

Aims and objectives

To explore the healthcare professionals (HCP) experience of providing care coordination to people living with multimorbidity.

Background

There is increasing interest in improving care of people living with multimorbidity who need care coordination to help manage their health. Little is known about the experiences of HCP working with people living with multimorbidity.

Design

Phenomenological approach to understanding the experiences of HCP.

Methods

We interviewed 18 HCP, including 11 registered nurses, working in care coordination in Melbourne, Australia. We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify themes from descriptions of providing care, identifying and responding to a person’s needs, and the barriers and facilitators to providing person‐centred care.

Results

We identified four themes as follows: (a) Challenge of focusing on the person; (b) “Hear their story,” listening to and giving time to clients to tell their story; (c) Strategies for engagement in the programme; and, (d) “See the bigger picture,” looking beyond the disease to the needs of a person. Our results are reported using COREQ.

Conclusions

The HCP experienced challenges to a traditional approach to care when focusing on the person. They described providing care that was person‐centred, and acknowledged that optimal, guideline‐oriented care might not be achieved. They took the necessary time to hear the story and see the context of the person’s life, to help the person manage their health.

Relevance to clinical practice

For registered nurses in care coordination programmes, focusing on the client may challenge traditional approaches to care. Providing care involves developing a relationship with the client to optimise health outcomes. Experienced registered nurses appear to use skills in reflective practice and accept the parameters of care to improve the client’s health and well‐being.
Identified opportunities for gamification in the elective primary fast‐track total hip and knee arthroplasty journey: Secondary analysis of healthcare professionals’ interviews
Authors: Jansson Miia , Koivisto Jonna , Pikkarainen Minna
Published: March 2020

Aims and objectives

To identify opportunities for gamification in the elective primary fast‐track total hip and knee arthroplasty journey in order to support patients’ health‐related behaviour.

Background

Gamification provides an opportunity to increase engagement in a given health behaviour and, eventually, the possibility of reaching improved outcomes through continued or consistent behaviour.

Design

A secondary analysis.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare professionals in a single joint‐replacement centre in Finland during autumn 2018. NVivo software was used for deductive and inductive coding. The open codes were also calculated. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research were followed.

Results

Gamification opportunities were identified related to six dimensions: accomplishment, challenge, competition, guided, playfulness and social experience. Based on the frequencies of the coded content, most opportunities for gamification can be identified in the context of personalised counselling, monitoring and social support.

Conclusions

Several opportunities for gamification were identified and quantified. While various needs and limitations need to be considered when developing digital gamified solutions and more research into the effectiveness of such solutions will be required, the current study opens possible future avenues for exploring the use of gamification in lower limb joint replacement journey and other specialisms.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study provides an important insight into healthcare professionals’ views of the current state of the total hip and knee arthroplasty journey and the potential for its development. In addition, it pinpoints the biggest opportunities for gamified services in the context of personalised counselling, monitoring and social support. Despite the focus of this secondary analysis being on the arthroplasty journey, the findings can also be generalised in other surgical journeys.
Pain assessment and interventions by nurses in the emergency department: A national survey
Authors: Varndell Wayne , Fry Margaret , Elliott Doug
Published: March 2020

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge, perceptions and factors influencing pain assessment and management practices among Australian emergency nurses.

Background

Pain is the most commonly reported symptom in patients presenting to the emergency department, with over half rating their pain as moderate‐to‐severe. Patients unable to communicate, such as critically ill intubated patients, are at greater risk of inadequate pain management.

Design

This cross‐sectional exploratory study used survey methodology to explore knowledge, perceptions and factors influencing pain management practices among Australian emergency nurses.

Methods

Australian emergency nurses were invited to complete an online survey comprising 91 items. The response rate was 450 of 1,488 (30.2%). STROBE guidelines were used in reporting this study.

Results

Variations in level of acute pain management knowledge, especially in older, cognitively impaired or mechanically ventilated patients were identified. Poor interprofessional communication, workload and staffing negatively impacted on nurses’ intention to administer analgesia. For intubated patients, validated observation pain assessment instruments were rarely used, although respondents recognised the importance of pain management in critically ill patients.

Conclusions

Emergency nurses recognise the importance of pain relief. The ability to nurse‐initiate analgesia, education and training in pain management education is variable. Little education is provided on assessing and managing acute pain in elderly, cognitively impaired or mechanically ventilated patients. Use of validated pain assessment instruments to assess pain in critically ill patients is poor.

Relevance to clinical practice

While pain management is the responsibility of all healthcare professionals, in the emergency department, it is a core role of emergency nursing. This study highlights the variation in ability to nurse‐initiate analgesia, level of acute pain knowledge, education and training, and use of validated pain assessment instruments to guide pain management in critically ill intubated patients.
Nonverbal communication between registered nurses and patients during chronic disease management consultations: Observations from general practice
Authors: James Sharon , Desborough Jane , McInnes Susan , Halcomb Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2020

Aims and objectives

This study explores nonverbal communication behaviours between general practice nurses and patients during chronic disease consultations.

Background

Nonverbal communication is an important aspect of nurse–patient lifestyle risk reduction conversations. Despite the growing role of general practice nurses in lifestyle risk modification when managing chronic disease, few studies have investigated how this communication occurs.

Design

Observational study within a concurrent mixed methods project.

Methods

Thirty‐six consultations by 14 general practice nurses were video‐recorded between August 2017 and March 2018. Video analysis used the Nonverbal Accommodation Analysis System. The STROBE checklist was used to guide this paper.

Results

Joint convergence of nurse–patient behaviours such as laughing, smiling and eye contact was most common (44%; n = 157). Patient–nurse eye contact time decreased significantly across the consultation, while nurse gesturing increased significantly. No significant relationship between consultation length and convergent to divergent behaviour categorisation or nurse–computer use across the consultation was found.

Conclusions

The high levels of convergent behaviours are promising for person‐centred care. However, scope exists to enhance nonverbal interactions around lifestyle risk reduction. Supporting nurses with skills and improved environments for lifestyle risk communication has potential to improve therapeutic relationships and patient outcomes.

Relevance to clinical practice

These results indicate that nurses support patients through nonverbal interactions during conversations of lifestyle risk reduction. However, there are opportunities to improve this practice for future interventions.
When Three’s (Good) Company: Third‐Party Friendships on Cooperation across Departments
Authors: Wong Sze‐Sze , Boh Wai Fong , Wu Anne
Published: March 2020

The social embeddedness perspective highlights that socially embedded dyads are more cooperative than dyads that are not embedded by common third parties. Going beyond the traditional emphasis on the number of third parties, our study examines which third parties are more influential in promoting cooperation in interdepartmental dyads. Based on the logic of dependence from interdependence theory, we show that providers are more cooperative to recipients when third‐party friends have more organizational knowledge to offer socio‐emotional support to providers, but this effect is reduced when providers themselves have more organizational knowledge. Third‐party influence is also marginally attenuated when providers have a larger circle of friends. Overall, our findings advance the social embeddedness perspective by instilling a greater appreciation for dyad member’s dependence upon the third party in explaining third‐party influence on cooperation.
A new phoenix? Large plants regeneration policies in Italy
Authors: Accetturo Antonio , Albanese Giuseppe , D'Ignazio Alessio
Published: March 2020

The fall of employment in manufacturing that the world's most advanced economies have been experiencing in the past 40 years has triggered a number of policies, undertaken in several countries. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a place‐based policy, carried out in Italy, aimed at both generating private investments and increasing employment in areas affected by deep industrial decline. By means of an instrumental variable identification strategy, we show that the program has been largely unsuccessful.
Ant‐eating spider maintains specialist diet throughout its ontogeny
Authors: Gajski D. , Petráková L. , Pekár S.
Published: March 2020

Predators should be selected to maximize their fitness by catching the most profitable prey. As predators grow in size, they often shift their preferences to larger prey during the course of development. Alike generalist predators, specialized predators should also shift to larger prey within the pool of focal prey. Here, we have studied the natural diet of a specialized ant‐eating spider Zodarion rubidum by means of molecular methods. We tested the hypothesis of a trophic shift during postembryonic ontogenesis and if there is a difference in the diet between sexes due to sexual dimorphism. In addition, a feeding trial was performed to estimate the time at which prey DNA can be detected. The diet of all stages consisted solely of ants (nine genera), thus confirming their strict ant specialization. There was no shift in prey size or prey type during ontogenetic development, but the diversity of prey declined with age. In adult males, very few prey were detected. The feeding trial showed that prey DNA can be detected inside the spider's gut up to 2 weeks after feeding.
Strange days
Authors: Eva Kevin W.
Published: March 2020

Wondering about the roles of (and opportunities for) health professional education scholarship are during these troubling times of COVID‐19? Our Editor‐in‐chief offers his thoughts to encourage others to engage in similar reflections.
A model for the relationship between wing fray and chronological and ovarian ages in tsetse (Glossinaspp)
Authors: Hargrove J. W.
Published: March 2020

Age‐dependent mortality changes in haematophagous insects are difficult to measure but are important determinants of population dynamics and vectorial capacity. A Markov process was used to model age‐dependent changes in wing fray in tsetse (Glossinaspp), calibrated using published mark–recapture data for maleG. m. morsitansin Tanzania. The model was applied to femaleG. m. morsitans, captured in Zimbabwe using a vehicle‐mounted electric net and subjected to ovarian dissection and wing fray analysis. Rates of fray increased significantly with age in males but not females, where the rate was constant for ovarian categories 0–3. A jump in mean fray between ovarian categories 3 and 4 + 4nis consistent with the latter category including flies that have ovulated 4, 8, 12, 16 times and so on. The magnitude of the jump could, theoretically, facilitate improved mortality estimates. In practice, although knowledge of fly mortality was required for modelling wing fray, mortality estimates derived from ovarian dissection data are independent of patterns and rates of change in wing fray. Significantly better fits to ovarian age data resulted when age‐specific mortality was modelled as the sum of two exponentials, with high mortality in young and old flies, than when mortality was constant at 2.3% per day.
Adaptive regulation of virulence genes by microRNA‐like RNAs in Valsa mali
Authors: Xu Ming , Guo Yan , Tian Runze , Gao Chen , Guo Feiran , Voegele Ralf T. , Bao Jiyuan , Li Chenjing , Jia Conghui , Feng Hao , Huang Lili
Published: March 2020

MicroRNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. However, little information is known about the action mechanism and function of fungal microRNA‐like RNAs (milRNAs).

In this study, combining deep sequencing, molecular and histological assays, milRNAs and their targets in the phytopathogenic fungus Valsa mali were isolated and identified. A critical milRNA, Vm‐milR16, was identified to adaptively regulate the expression of virulence genes.

Fourteen isolated milRNAs showed high expression abundance. Based on the assessment of a pathogenicity function of these milRNAs, Vm‐milR16 was found to be a critical milRNA in V. mali by regulating sucrose non‐fermenting 1 (VmSNF1), 4,5‐DOPA dioxygenase extradiol (VmDODA), and a hypothetical protein (VmHy1). During V. mali infection, Vm‐milR16 is downregulated, while its targets are upregulated. Overexpression of Vm‐milR16, but not mutated Vm‐milR16, significantly reduces the expression of targets and virulence of V. mali. Furthermore, deletion of VmSNF1, VmDODA and VmHy1 significantly reduce virulence of V. mali. All three targets seem to be essential for oxidative stress response and VmSNF1 is required for expression of pectinase genes during V. mali–host interaction.

Our results demonstrate Vm‐milRNAs contributing to the infection of V. mali on apple trees by adaptively regulating virulence genes.
In and out of synchrony—Behavioral and physiological dynamics of dyadic interpersonal coordination
Authors: Mayo Oded , Gordon Ilanit
Published: March 2020

Interpersonal synchrony, the temporal coordination of actions, emotions, thoughts and physiological processes, is a widely studied ubiquitous phenomenon. Research has already established that more synchrony is not always more beneficial, especially in the fields of emotional and physiological synchrony. Despite this fact, the dominant tone in the literature is that behavioral interpersonal synchrony is a pro‐social phenomenon, and hence, in social contexts, more behavioral synchrony is generally considered better. In accordance with that tone, the naturally occurring dynamics of moving in and out of synchrony have rarely been studied or considered as an adaptive state. In the present article, we aim to present a new model of interpersonal synchrony, based on the existing literature assessing synchrony as well as the ideas of complex dynamical systems. At the core of our model is the idea that two tendencies exist simultaneously, one to synchronize with others and another to move out of synchrony and act independently. We suggest that an adaptive interpersonal system is a flexible one, able to continuously adjust itself to the social context. We suggest that the concept of meta‐stability might be a marker of such a flexible interpersonal system. Moreover, the model considers both behavioral and physiological aspects in order to provide a more extensive account. We present research implications of the model, as well as a demonstration of the model's applicability to data, and provide code researchers can use to analyze their own data in these methods. Finally, we discuss future directions in detail.
Relationship between reproductive and productive traits in Holstein cattle using multivariate analysis
Authors: Dominguez‐Castaño Pablo , Vargas de Oliveira Matheus Henrique , El Faro Lenira , de Vasconcelos Silva Josineudson Augusto II
Published: March 2020

Multivariate procedures are used for the extraction of variables from the correlation matrix of phenotypes in order to identify those traits that explain the largest proportion of phenotypic variation and to evaluate the relationship structure between these traits. The reproductive traits (days from calving to first estrus [CFE], days from calving to last service [CLS], calving interval [CI] and gestation length [GL]) and milk production traits (milk yield at 305 days of lactation [MY305], peak yield [PY] and milk yield per day of calving interval [MYCI]) of 5,217 Holstein females (primiparous and multiparous) were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis of the correlation matrix were used to estimate the correlation between traits. Analysis grouped the seven traits into three principal components and four latent factors that retained approximately 81.5% and 88.9% of the total variation of the data, respectively. The production variables exhibited positive phenotypic correlation coefficients of high magnitude (>.67). The phenotypic correlation estimates between the productive and reproductive traits were low, ranging from .13 to .22. A strong association (.99) was observed between CLS and CI. Our results indicate that multivariate analysis was effective in generating correlations between the traits studied, grouping the seven traits in a smaller number of variables that retained approximately 81% of the total variation of the data.
The Living Ladder: Introduction and Validity Over 6‐Month Follow‐Up of a One‐Item Measure of Readiness to Continue Living in Suicidal Patients
Authors: Britton Peter C. , Conner Kenneth R. , Maisto Stephen A.
Published: March 2020

Objective

The ability to predict suicide outcomes is limited by the lack of consideration of protective factors. This study examined the validity of the Living Ladder, a measure of readiness to continue living among individuals thinking of suicide.

Methods

The Living Ladder consists of one item that assesses an individual’s readiness to continue living when thinking about suicide. Participants (N = 130) completed the Living Ladder in‐person at baseline and by‐phone at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐up. The prospective association of the Living Ladder with suicidal ideation and risk for a suicide attempt was examined using models adjusting for baseline ideation and suicide attempts, respectively.

Results

Each rung on the Living Ladder was associated with 18% lower likelihood of suicidal ideation, OR (95% CI) = 0.82 (0.68, 0.96), and less severe suicidal ideation among those with ideation. Scores >2, indicating contemplation of living, were associated with 64% lower risk for a suicide attempt, HR (95% CI) = 0.36 (0.13, 0.98). Findings for suicidal ideation were replicated when administered by‐phone.

Conclusions

The Living Ladder is a one‐item measure that is prospectively associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Findings support the relevance of motivation to live to suicide outcomes.
The Gender Environmentalism Gap in Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Economou Athina , Halkos George
Published: March 2020

Objective

The present study attempts to shed some light on the environmental attitudes gap between the two genders in Germany and the Netherlands.

Methods

The article employs three alternative indicators of environmental attitudes, namely, “environmental values,” “environmental support,” and “environmental concern.” By using decomposition models, the underlying factors and their relative contribution in the observed gender gap in environmentalism are examined.

Results

The empirical results indicate that females exhibit higher pro‐environmental values but less environmental support and concerns than males. The findings are quite sensitive to the sample and the indicator examined.

Conclusion

The study contributes to the literature by examining not only the driving factors of gender environmental attitudes but their relative contribution as well. It seems that it is mainly differences in behavioral, psychological, and cultural responses between the two genders that shape the observed environmental attitudes gap and not differences in observed individual characteristics per se.
Implications of HLA diversity among regions for bone marrow donor searches in Japan
Authors: Hashimoto Shiho , Nakajima Fumiaki , Imanishi Tadashi , Kawai Yosuke , Kato Kazue , Kimura Takafumi , Miyata Shigeki , Takanashi Minoko , Nishio Miwako , Tokunaga Katsushi , Satake Masahiro
Published: March 2020

Japan is an island country, and the Japanese people have had minimal genetic exchange with other ethnolinguistic groups. Consequently, the population is highly uniform and has limited HLA diversity relative to people from other countries. However, Japan has three ethnolinguistic groups, and HLA distributions differ depending on geographic region. To collect an HLA‐rich variety of bone marrow bank donor registrants, it is essential to know the precise distribution of HLA in Japan. We analyzed HLA alleles and haplotypes based on HLA information of 177 041 bone marrow donor registrants. Registrants were grouped depending on the prefecture and region (a group of prefectures) as commonly used in Japan. The prefectures did not show the same distributions, but the tendency was similar for each region. We found that Okinawa Prefecture and the mainland can be clearly divided as haplotypes: [A*24:02‐C*01:02‐B*54:01‐DRB1*04:05] and [A*24:02‐C*01:02‐B*59:01‐DRB1*04:05] were typically found in Okinawa (P = .02, P < .001). Moreover, these types were found almost exclusively in Japan and Korea. Donor registration centers of the Japan Marrow Donor Program are currently located in all prefectures. It is essential to deploy registration centers to collect registrants with a large variety of HLA types covering all of Japan.
Sicken thy neighbour: The initial trade policy response to COVID‐19
Authors: Evenett Simon J.
Published: March 2020

Since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, many governments have limited exports of medical supplies and medicines. Pre‐pandemic barriers to imports of medical supplies and soap remain largely in place. Having characterised trade policy stance towards COVID‐19‐related goods, this study critically assesses the resort to export curbs and import taxes. Elements of an alternative, positive trade policy contribution to surmount this pandemic are presented.
Parametric Vibration of a Flexible Structure Excited by Periodic Passage of Moving Oscillators
Authors: Gao Hao , Yang Bingen
Published: March 2020

Flexible structures carrying moving subsystems are found in various engineering applications. Periodic passage of subsystems over a supporting structure can induce parametric resonance, causing vibration with ever-increasing amplitude in the structure. Instead of its engineering implications, parametric excitation of a structure with sequentially passing oscillators has not been well addressed. The dynamic stability in such a moving-oscillator problem, due to viscoelastic coupling between the supporting structure and moving oscillators, is different from that in a moving-mass problem. In this paper, parametric resonance of coupled structure-moving oscillator systems is thoroughly examined, and a new stability analysis method is proposed. In the development, a set of sequential state equations is first derived, leading to a model for structures carrying a sequence of moving oscillators. Through the introduction of a mapping matrix, a set of stability criteria on parametric resonance is then established. Being of analytical form, these criteria can accurately and efficiently predict the dynamic stability of a coupled structure-moving oscillator system. In addition, by the spectral radius of the mapping matrix, the global stability of a coupled system can be conveniently investigated in a parameter space. The system model and stability criteria are illustrated and validated in numerical examples.
Switching Cellular Swirling Upon One-Way Torsional Drive
Authors: Li Xi , Chen Bin
Published: March 2020

In understanding how a radially symmetrical actin cytoskeleton spontaneously evolves into a chiral system, here we construct a torsional clutch-filament model for one radial fiber. The model analysis indicates that when actin filaments in growth tend to actively drive the radial fiber to only rotate counter-clockwise, certain amount of passive elastic energy also builds up within the radial fiber upon filament growth, the release of which tends to drive it to rotate clockwise. The competition between these two sources would eventually determine the cellular swirling direction, which can be counter-clockwise or clockwise. The model prediction is in consistency with recent experimental findings. This work provides understanding into how the cellular chirality can be modulated by varied molecular components associated with the cytoskeleton.
A Modified Correlation for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Plate Heat Exchangers
Authors: Li Wei , Zheng Boren , Lv Tong , Ayub Zahid
Published: March 2020

Corrugated plate heat exchangers are increasingly used in two-phase flow applications for their flexible compact size and efficient heat transfer performance. This paper presents a brief review of recent studies on the flow boiling in plate heat exchangers and creates a database containing 533 data points from previous experimental studies. The collected database covers seven working fluids, a wide range of vapor quality (both mean and local) 0.01–0.94, heat flux 0.5–46 kW m−2, mass flux 5.5–137 kg m−2 s−1, chevron angle 30–70 deg, and hydraulic diameter 1.7–4.0 mm. Based on the database a brief comparison between several previous correlations are discussed. A new prediction method for flow boiling heat transfer coefficient is developed by multiple regression analysis and modifying an existing correlation. A criterion proposed by Li and Wu about the transition from micro- to macroscale was introduced with a combined dimensionless number Bd·Rel0.5 which attempts to comprehensively consider four types of forces during flow boiling. It was observed that the modified correlation shows a better agreement and predicts 74.3% and 94.9% of total data points within ±30% and ±50% error bands, respectively.