bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Diffusion Under Homophily and Consolidation as a Mechanism for Social Inequality
Authors: Zhao Linda , Garip Filiz
Published: May 2021

Network externalities (where the value of a practice is a function of network alters that have already adopted the practice) are mechanisms that exacerbate social inequality under the condition of homophily (where advantaged individuals poised to be primary adopters are socially connected to other advantaged individuals). In their 2011 article, Dimaggio and Garip use an agent-based model of diffusion on a real-life population for empirical illustration and, thus, do not consider consolidation (correlation between traits), a population parameter that shapes network structure and diffusion. Using an agent-based model, this article shows that prior findings linking homophily to segregated social ties and to differential diffusion outcomes are contingent on high levels of consolidation. Homophily, under low consolidation, is not sufficient to exacerbate existing differences in adoption probabilities across groups and can even end up alleviating intergroup inequality by facilitating diffusion.
A curious case of stent fracture and left ventricular pseudoaneurysm – A rare association in the background of cardiac tuberculosis
Authors: Mani Avinash , Harikrishnan S , Valaparambil Ajit K
Published: May 2021

Cardiac involvement in tuberculosis mainly affects the pericardium, with the myocardium being rarely involved. Coronary stent infection in patients with tuberculosis is rarely described. Myocardial involvement in tuberculosis can lead to complications such as ventricular granuloma, or dysrhythmias. Here, we present the case of a 60-year-old gentleman who had a history of multiple percutaneous coronary angioplasty, and pericardiectomy for constrictive tubercular pericardial effusion. Nine months after surgery, he presented with a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and multiple stent fractures in the right coronary artery. Myocardial involvement in tuberculosis can cause ventricular pseudoaneurysms due to contiguous involvement from the pericardium. Stent fractures are commonly associated with pyogenic infections but can occur in cardiac tuberculosis. The occurrence of a stent fracture and ventricular pseudoaneurysm in the background of cardiac tuberculosis is, however, very rare. Patients with a history of cardiac tuberculosis should always be followed for late sequelae and complications, which may be bizarre.
Starting the Conversation: Common Themes Typifying Expectant Unmarried Black Parents’ Discussions About Coparenting a First Child Together
Authors: McKay Katherine , Gaskin-Butler Vikki T. , Little Tara B. , DePalma Kyle , McHale James P.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify recurring themes about impending coparenthood common among prenatal dyadic conversations shared between unmarried parents. Forty Black mothers and fathers expecting a first baby together met with a male-female mentor team for facilitated dialogues six times during the pregnancy, with sessions audiotaped and transcribed. Guided by basic elements of grounded theory, coders identified five cross-cutting themes discussed by coparents relevant to their coparenting expectancies: (a) establishing the baby’s family system; (b) supports and threats to coparenting efforts; (c) reflecting on fatherhood—Connecting past with future father legacies; (d) acculturating the child/ handling parenting differences; and (e) effects of relationship status on coparenting. These themes underscored a common commitment fathers and mothers shared in figuring circumstances out for their child. Analyses portray a rich, generative, and introspective set of dialogues reflecting shared deliberation about family dynamics after the baby’s arrival. This study’s findings address a significant gap in the literature and highlight the value of narrative methodologies to understand joint narratives of unmarried Black coparents more thoroughly as they transition to new parenthood.
Assumptions About Algorithms’ Capacity for Discrimination
Authors: Jago Arthur S. , Laurin Kristin
Published: May 2021

Although their implementation has inspired optimism in many domains, algorithms can both systematize discrimination and obscure its presence. In seven studies, we test the hypothesis that people instead tend to assume algorithms discriminate less than humans due to beliefs that algorithms tend to be both more accurate and less emotional evaluators. As a result of these assumptions, people are more interested in being evaluated by an algorithm when they anticipate that discrimination against them is possible. We finally investigate the degree to which information about how algorithms train using data sets consisting of human judgments and decisions change people’s increased preferences for algorithms when they themselves anticipate discrimination. Taken together, these studies indicate that algorithms appear less discriminatory than humans, making people (potentially erroneously) more comfortable with their use.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Discharge Teaching and Child Challenging Behaviors
Authors: Johnson Norah L. , Lerret Stacee , Polfuss Michele , Gralton Karen , Gibson Cori , Ahamed Sheikh I. , Riddhiman Adib , White-Traut Rosemary , Brown Roger L. , Sawin Kathleen J.
Published: May 2021

This study compares quality of discharge teaching and care coordination for parents of children with challenging behaviors participating in a nursing implementation project, which used an interactive iPad application, to usual discharge care. Unlike parents in the larger quasi-experimental longitudinal project, parents of children with challenging behaviors receiving the discharge teaching application (n = 14) reported lower mean scores on the quality of discharge teaching scale–delivery subscale ( M = 8.2, SD = 3.1) than parents receiving usual care (n = 11) ( M = 9.6, SD = 4.7) and lower scores on the Care Transition Measure ( M = 2.44, SD = 1.09) than parents receiving usual care ( M = 3.02, SD = 0.37), with moderate to large effects (0.554–0.775). The discharge teaching approach was less effective with this subset, suggesting other approaches might be considered for this group of parents. Further study with a larger sample specific to parents of children with challenging behaviors is needed to assess their unique needs and to optimize their discharge experience.
An efficient and environment friendly bio-based polyols through liquefaction: Liquefaction temperature and catalyst concentration optimization and utilized for rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Patel Chiragkumar M , Dhore Nikhil R , Barot Amit A , Kothapalli Raju VSN
Published: May 2021

Aiming towards the liquefaction of paddy straw was accumulation as well as providing a technically viable route leading to preservation of the natural resources and environment, the paddy straw was chemically liquefied. Paddy straw were liquefied into bio-based polyol in the presence of castor oil and blend of castor and karanja oil as depolymerizing agent and P-Toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. Liquefied product was characterized by chemical as well as analytical techniques. The agricultural waste base paddy straw was eventually converted into polymeric precursor (polyol) monomer with nearly 80 to 95% yield by employing 2% catalyst concentration and at optimized temperature of 180°C. Synthesized polyol can be utilized further in formulating high quality rigid polyurethane foams. The foams were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. All foams exhibit good compressive strengths and thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of foams varied between 0.012 and 0.023 Kcal/mh°C, with the lowest being of foam from liquefied (LP), making it suitable for utilization as an insulation material.
Survey of Work Zone Practices and Validation of Highway Capacity Manual Work Zone Capacity Model
Authors: Thapa Raju , Codjoe Julius , Osafo Amanua
Published: May 2021

Capacity at work zones is one of the major factors affecting queueing at work zones. Different states within the United States use their own methodology in determining work zone capacities and when to implement lane closures at work zones. The objective of this study was two-fold: first, to provide a synthesis of work zone lane closure procedures practiced by the various Departments of Transportation (DOTs) nationwide; and secondly, to validate the Highway Capacity Manual 6th edition’s (HCM 6) work zone capacity model using field-collected data in the state of Louisiana. The first objective was met by administering a survey to DOTs nationwide. The survey revealed that half of the states that responded to the survey require minimum capacity for short-term work zone lane closures, with minimum capacity ranging from 1100 to 1900 passenger cars per hour per lane. In addition, most of the states reported implementing consistent policies across various district offices. The survey findings provide a good source of information on queue analysis and work zone lane closure policies adopted across different DOTs. The second objective was met by collecting traffic flow data from 10 work zone sites within the state of Louisiana and validating the capacity model in the HCM 6. Results showed the HCM 6 model slightly overestimating the average field-observed capacity by 6%. In the absence of local data, the HCM 6 model provides a great tool to estimate work zone capacities in Louisiana.
Association Between Breastfeeding and Child Overweight in Mexico
Authors: Campos Ana Paola , Vilar-Compte Mireya , Hawkins Summer Sherburne
Published: May 2021

Background:

Globally, the prevalence of child overweight has increased over the past few decades. The largest burden of child overweight is identified among upper-middle-income countries, such as Mexico. Breastfeeding has been identified as one of the key affordable and modifiable maternal health behaviors protecting against child overweight.

Objective:

To examine the association between breastfeeding and child overweight while sequentially controlling for individual, household, and area factors in Mexican children.

Methods:

Secondary data analysis using the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey which included risk factors for overweight on 2089 children aged 6 to 35 months and analyzed data to estimate fixed- and mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Results:

Overall, 9.0% of children were overweight and 71.1% of mothers reported any breastfeeding for ≥ 6 months. We found no evidence for a protective effect of any breastfeeding for ≥ 6 months on child overweight when compared to children who were never breastfed in the fully adjusted model and across all models (model 4, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [95% CI] = 0.76 [0.31-1.86]). We identified risk factors for child overweight at the individual and area levels, with maternal obesity and offspring high birthweight being significant in the fully adjusted model and across all models (model 4, AOR [95% CI] = 2.26 [1.32-3.85] and 2.83 [1.44-5.56], correspondingly).

Conclusions:

Our results suggest shared obesogenic environment influences from which the overweight-obese maternal-child dyads are emerging in Mexican households. More research is needed to better understand these obesogenic environments grounded on the particular contexts among upper-middle-income countries.
Assessment of bio-medical waste before and during the emergency of novel Coronavirus disease pandemic in India: A gap analysis
Authors: Rajak Rahul , Mahto Ravi Kumar , Prasad Jitender , Chattopadhyay Aparajita
Published: May 2021

Considering the widespread transmission of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) globally, India is also facing the same crisis. As India already has inadequate waste treatment facilities, and the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 virus has led to significant growth of Bio-medical waste (BMW), consequently safe disposal of a large quantity of waste has become a more serious concern. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of BMW of India before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this article highlights the gaps in the implementation of BMW rules in India. This study uses various government and non-government organizations, reports and data specifically from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The finding of the study demonstrated that most of the States/Union Territories (UTs) of India are lacking in terms of COVID-19 waste management. India has generated over 32,996 mt of COVID-19 waste between June and December 2020. During this period, Maharashtra (789.99 mt/month) is highest average generator of COVID-19 waste, followed by Kerala (459.86 mt/month), Gujarat (434.87 mt/month), Tamil Nadu (427.23 mt/month), Uttar Pradesh (371.39 mt/month), Delhi (358.83 mt/month) and West Bengal (303.15 mt/month), and others respectively. We draw attention to the fact that many gaps were identified with compliance of BMW management rules. For example, out of all 35 States/UTs, health care facilitates (HCFs), only eight states received authorization as per BMW management rules. Moreover, the government strictly restricted the practice of deep burials; however, 23 States/UTs are still using the deep burial methods for BMW disposal. The present research suggests that those States/UTs generated on an average of 100 mt/month COVID-19 waste in the last 7 months (June–December 2020) should be considered as a high priority state. These states need special attention to implement BMW rules and should upgrade their BMW treatment capacity.
Rigorous Assessment of Social Validity: A Scoping Review of a 40-Year Conversation
Authors: Snodgrass Melinda R. , Chung Moon Y. , Kretzer James M. , Biggs Elizabeth E.
Published: May 2021

For the last 40 years, special education and applied behavior analysis researchers have discussed the notion of social validity, particularly those researchers who conduct single-case research. A substantial part of this discussion has involved critiquing the rigor of methods used to assess social validity. We conducted a scoping literature review focused on describing and integrating different critiques and recommendations about social validity assessment. In a multi-pronged search, we identified 47 articles addressing rigor in social validity assessment. We used inductive content analysis to chart data about specific critiques and identify a framework of seven key questions that organize these critiques across theoretical and methodological dimensions. We describe the key questions, including examples from the reviewed literature that led to their development. The framework may have practical utility for researchers and reviewers in guiding rigorous social validity assessment in intervention research. Implications are discussed for researchers, reviewers, and journal editors.
Effects of Age on White Matter Microstructure in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Tam Lydia T. , Ng Nathan N. , McKenna Emily S. , Bruckert Lisa , Yeom Kristen W. , Campen Cynthia J.
Published: May 2021

Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often report cognitive challenges, though the etiology of such remains an area of active investigation. With the advent of treatments that may affect white matter microstructure, understanding the effects of age on white matter aberrancies in NF1 becomes crucial in determining the timing of such therapeutic interventions. A cross-sectional study was performed with diffusion tensor imaging from 18 NF1 children and 26 age-matched controls. Fractional anisotropy was determined by region of interest analyses for both groups over the corpus callosum, cingulate, and bilateral frontal and temporal white matter regions. Two-way analyses of variance were done with both ages combined and age-stratified into early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Significant differences in fractional anisotropy between NF1 and controls were seen in the corpus callosum and frontal white matter regions when ages were combined. When stratified by age, we found that this difference was largely driven by the early childhood (1-5.9 years) and middle childhood (6-11.9 years) age groups, whereas no significant differences were appreciable in the adolescence age group (12-18 years). This study demonstrates age-related effects on white matter microstructure disorganization in NF1, suggesting that the appropriate timing of therapeutic intervention may be in early childhood.
Preoperative Advance Care Planning for Older Adults Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Bleicher Josh , McGuire Lauren E. , Robbins Riann B. , Johnson Jordan E. , Fischbuch Sarah , Gupta Sumati , Beck Anna C. , Cohan Jessica N.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Advance care planning (ACP) is recommended for older patients undergoing surgery. ACP consists of creating advance directives (ADs), identifying surrogate decision makers (SDMs), and documenting goals of care. We identified factors associated with documentation of preoperative ACP to identify opportunities to optimize ACP for older surgical patients.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of surgical patients ≥70 years old who underwent elective, high-risk abdominal procedures between 01/2015-08/2019. Clinical data were obtained from our institution’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. ACP metrics were extracted from the electronic medical record. We analyzed the data to identify patient factors associated with ACP metrics. We also analyzed whether ACP was more frequent for patients who experienced postoperative complications or death.

Results:

267/1,651 patients were included. 97 patients (36%) had an AD available on the day of surgery, 57 (21%) had an SDM identified, and 31 (12%) had a documented goals of care conversation. On multivariable analysis, older age and white race were associated with an increased likelihood of having an AD available on the day of surgery. Women were 1.7 times more likely to have an SDM (p = 0.02). No patient or surgeon factors were significantly associated with goals of care documentation. ACP was not performed more frequently in patients who experienced postoperative complications or death.

Conclusion:

In this series, ACP was not routinely documented for older patients undergoing major surgery. ACP was not more frequent in patients who experienced complications or death, demonstrating the importance of universal preoperative ACP in older patients.
The Effect of the Web-Based Communication between a Nurse and a Family Member on the Perceived Stress of the Family Member of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Shariati Esmail , Dadgari Ali , Talebi Seyedeh Solmaz , Mahmoodi Shan Gholam Reza , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of web-based communication between a nurse and a family member of a patient with COVID-19 on his/her perceived stress. In this multicenter parallel randomized controlled trial, 67 family members of COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were investigated. In the intervention group, web-based communication was performed for four consecutive days for 10 to 15 minutes. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) were completed in both groups before and after the intervention. Mean and standard deviation of perceived stress scores in the two groups were not significantly different ( p = 0.26) before the intervention; however, after the intervention, the mean PSS-14 in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( p < 0.001). Due to the need to follow the physical and social distancing to protect against Coronavirus disease, the use of web-based communication recommended in future studies.
Determinants of Self-Rated Health Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with COPD: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Cui , Wang Limin , Hou Luoya , Lu Han , Shang Shaomei
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to assess self-rated health (SRH) status and its determinants in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Participants aged at least 45 years were included from a nationally representative investigation in 2015. The SRH assessment was divided into two groups: “good” and “not good.” Independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Multiple logistic models were used to determine factors influencing SRH. A total of 1,215 patients with COPD were included in the final analysis, of whom 21.2% reported favorable SRH status. The results indicated that female gender, non-smoking, and elevated peak expiratory flow correlated with better SRH, while nighttime sleep duration less than 7 hours, asthma, and disability, negatively impacted SRH. Our findings provide new evidence for the development of effective health promotion programs for the well-being of patients with COPD.
Smooth coping: an embodied, Heideggerian approach to dual-process theory
Authors: Neemeh Zachariah A
Published: May 2021

Dual-process theories divide cognition into two kinds of processes: Type 1 processes that are autonomous and do not use working memory, and Type 2 processes that are decoupled from the immediate situation and use working memory. Often, Type 1 processes are also fast, high capacity, parallel, nonconscious, biased, contextualized, and associative, while Type 2 processes are typically slow, low capacity, serial, conscious, normative, abstract, and rule-based. This article argues for an embodied dual-process theory based on the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger. According to Heidegger, the basis of human agents’ encounters with the world is in a prereflective, pragmatically engaged disposition marked by readiness-to-hand ( Zuhandenheit), sometimes equated with “smooth coping.” Examples of smooth coping include walking, throwing a ball, and other embodied actions that do not require reflective thought. I argue that smooth coping primarily consists of Type 1 processes. The Heideggerian dual-process model yields distinctly different hypotheses from Hubert Dreyfus’ model of smooth coping, and I will critically engage with Dreyfus’ work.
Unintended Institutional Interactions: Presidential Coattails and Gender Parity Quotas
Authors: Cunha Silva Patrick , Crisp Brian F.
Published: May 2021

Democratic institutions provide incentives for voters and candidates. When reformers tinker with multiple institutions, the likely effect of each individual change may be well understood, but their potential interaction may go unanticipated. Prior to elections in 2002, the French legislature adopted a gender parity candidate quota for parties participating in parliamentary elections. In addition, voters ratified a constitutional referendum making the president’s term match that of parliament, and presidential elections were set to be held immediately prior to parliamentary ones. We show that the unanticipated consequence of these separate institutional reforms was to make the fate of female candidates for parliament very much a function of presidential coattails. When the party of the president failed to fulfill the candidate quota, the number of women in parliament showed little change. Conversely, in years when the party of the president took the candidate quota seriously, the number of women in parliament increased.
To Reverse Item Orientation or Not to Reverse Item Orientation, That Is the Question
Authors: Dueber David M. , Toland Michael D. , Lingat John Eric , Love Abigail M. A. , Qiu Chen , Wu Rongxiu , Brown Alan V.
Published: May 2021

To investigate the effect of using negatively oriented items, we wrote semantic reversals of the items in the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the General Belongingness Scale and used them to create four experimental conditions. Participants ( N = 2,019) were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Data were assessed for dimensionality, item functioning, instrument properties, and associations with other variables. Regarding dimensionality, although a two-factor model (positively vs. negatively oriented factors) exhibits better fit than a unidimensional model across all conditions, bifactor indices were used to argue that a unidimensional interpretation of the data can be employed. With respect to item functioning, factor loadings were found to be nearly invariant across conditions, but thresholds were not. Concerning instrument properties, inclusion of negatively oriented items results in lower mean scores and higher score variances. Instruments with both positively and negatively oriented items demonstrated lower reliability estimates than those with only one orientation. For associations with other variables, path coefficients in a model where loneliness mediates the effects of belongingness on life satisfaction and self-esteem were found to vary across conditions. Findings suggest that negatively oriented items have minor impact on instrument quality, but influence measurement model and path coefficients.
Preventing the Spread: A Comprehensive Cancer Center’s Journey to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) During the 2020 Pandemic
Authors: Carraway Stephanie , Martin Stacy , Greene John N.
Published: May 2021

Background:

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) a pandemic. Hospitals around the world began to implement infection prevention and control (IPC) measures to stop further spread and prevent infections within their facilities. Healthcare organizations were challenged to develop response plans, procure personal protective equipment (PPE) that was in limited supply while continuing to provide quality, safe care.

Methods:

As a comprehensive cancer center with immunocompromised patients, our efforts began immediately. Preventative measures were established and, as of September 2020, over 14,000 patients have been tested within the facility. From March 2020 through September 2020, only one case of hospital acquired (HA) COVID-19 was identified among our patients. Two cases of suspected community acquired (SCA) cases were also identified. Following the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidance, IPC measures were implemented within the facility as information science about the virus developed. This article addresses the IPC measures taken, such as enhancing isolation precautions, implementing screening protocols, disinfecting and reusing N95 respirators, by the center throughout the pandemic as well as the challenges that arouse with a new and emerging infectious disease.

Conclusions:

The infection control measures implemented at our comprehensive cancer center during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed our center to continue to provide world class cancer care with minimal COVID-19 infection transmission among patients and team members.
A novel variable step size least mean square method for adaptive micro-vibration control
Authors: Fang Yubin , Zhu Xiaojin , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: May 2021

The variable step size least mean square algorithm has been suggested since a number of years as a potential solution for improving the performance of least mean square algorithm. In this article, the variable step size least mean square algorithm is classified by the techniques which are used to update step size. Unfortunately, for variable step size least mean square algorithms with forgetting factor, a constant forgetting factor may slow down its convergence speed. For this reason, a variable forgetting factor method for variable step size least mean square is proposed in this article. First, the convergence analysis of a new variable step size least mean square algorithm with the variable forgetting factor is provided. Then, simulations expose the characteristics of this variable forgetting factor method. Last, a micro-vibration control experimental system is established. Four typical variable step size least mean square algorithms and their variable forgetting factor modified version are verified through experiments. The results show that the proposed variable forgetting factor method can effectively improve convergence speed while maintaining the steady-state performance of the variable step size least mean square algorithm with the constant forgetting factor.
Lifestyle Changes Among Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Study Across Nine Countries
Authors: Perez-Dominguez Francisco , Polanco-Ilabaca Francisca , Pinto-Toledo Fernanda , Michaeli Daniel , Achiardi Jadi , Santana Valeria , Urnelli Chiara , Sawaguchi Yoshihiro , Rodríguez Perla , Maldonado Mónica , Raffeeq Zaheer , de Araujo Madeiros Otavio , Rebolledo Cristián
Published: May 2021

The global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disrupted both public and private life for many. Concerning medical students, practical teaching and classrooms were substituted with a virtual curriculum. However, how this new academic environment has affected students’ health and lifestyles has yet to be studied. In this study, we surveyed 2,776 students from nine different countries about changes in their university curricula and potential alterations in their daily habits, physical health, and psychological status. We found negative changes across all countries studied, in multiple categories. We found that 99% of respondents indicated changes in their instruction delivery system, with 90% stating a transition to online education, and 93% stating a reduction or suspension of their practical activities. On average, students spent 8.7 hours a day in front of a screen, with significant differences among countries. Students reported worsened studying, sleeping, and eating habits with substantial differences in Latin American countries. Finally, the participants frequently expressed onset and increase in both mental and physical health symptoms: backache, asthenopia, irritability, and emotional instability. Altogether, these results suggest a potential risk in the health and academic performance of future doctors if these new academic modalities are maintained.
Chronic Inflammatory Placental Lesions Correlate With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Severity in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Sharma Amit , Sood Beena G , Qureshi Faisal , Xin Yuemin , Jacques Suzanne M
Published: May 2021

Objective

Correlation of BPD with placental pathology is important for clarification of the multifactorial pathogenesis of BPD; however, previous reports have yielded varying results. We report placental findings in no/mild BPD compared to moderate/severe BPD, and with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods

Eligible infants were 230/7-276/7 weeks gestational age. BPD was defined by the need for oxygen at ≥28 days with severity based on need for respiratory support at ≥36 weeks. Acute and chronic inflammatory placental lesions and lesions of maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion were examined.

Results

Of 246 eligible infants, 146 (59%) developed moderate/severe BPD. Thirty-four (23%) infants developed PH, all but 1 being in the moderate/severe BPD group. Chronic deciduitis (32% vs 16%, P = .003), chronic chorioamnionitis (23% vs 12%, P = .014), and ≥ 2 chronic inflammatory lesions (13% vs 3%, P = .007) were more frequent in the moderate/severe BPD group. Development of PH was associated with placental villous lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion (30% vs 15%, P = .047).

Conclusions

The association of chronic inflammatory placental lesions with BPD severity has not been previously reported. This supports the injury responsible for BPD as beginning before birth in some neonates, possibly related to cytokines associated with these chronic inflammatory lesions.
SARS-CoV-2 Related Ischemic Colitis in an Adolescent With Trisomy 21: Diagnostic Pitfalls and Considerations
Authors: Ma Y , Deutsch G , Van Tassel D , Shub M , Schroeder S , Krauss J , Davenport K , Carpentieri D
Published: May 2021

Millions of patients seek medical attention for diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. In the current environment, it is important to recognize that these symptoms may be the only manifestation or may precede more serious systemic complications of COVID-19. Herein, we describe the first case of ischemic colitis (IC) in a young adult who presented with diarrhea and highlight the laboratory pitfalls for patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.
Planned Missingness: How to and How Much?
Authors: Zhang Charlene , Yu Martin C.
Published: May 2021

Planned missingness (PM) can be implemented for survey studies to reduce study length and respondent fatigue. Based on a large sample of Big Five personality data, the present study simulates how factors including PM design (three-form and random percentage [RP]), amount of missingness, and sample size affect the ability of full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation to treat missing data. Results show that although the effectiveness of FIML for treating missing data decreases as sample size decreases and amount of missing data increases, estimates only deviate substantially from truth in extreme conditions. Furthermore, the specific PM design, whether it be a three-form or RP design, makes little difference although the RP design should be easier to implement for computer-based surveys. The examination of specific boundary conditions for the application of PM as paired with FIML techniques has important implications for both the research methods literature and practitioners regularly conducting survey research
Enhancing Hotel Guest Corporate Social Responsibility–Advocacy Behaviors Through Hedonic Benefits
Authors: Chomvilailuk Rojanasak , Butcher Ken
Published: May 2021

While the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication is growing, there is a lack of studies examining CSR–advocacy behaviors by hotel guests. The study is significant because of increased CSR investment and greater inclusion of hotel guests in CSR activities, as part of a guest engagement strategy. The study involved an experimental design using a scenario based on a guest’s return to an actual hotel recently visited by survey respondents. A hedonic value anticipated by guests was compared against a second independent variable of perceived community value for their effect on guest CSR advocacy. Data were collected from respondents across two distinct national cultures—Western and Asian. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that hedonic value was the major influencing benefit on guest CSR advocacy. Furthermore, hedonic benefits directly affected guest CSR advocacy, while the effect from perceived community value was fully mediated by CSR reputation. In multigroup analyses, the effects varied between the two cultural groups. The study has implications for CSR marketing communication campaigns to guests conducted by hotel managers and nongovernmental organizations.
Industry as Contexts or Theory? A Systematic and Meta-Analysis of Status and Directions of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Hospitality
Authors: Ma Emily , Wang Danni , Wang Liang , Liu Aijing
Published: May 2021

Owing to the service-oriented nature of hospitality organizations, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has drawn increasing attention from hospitality researchers over the last two decades. Taking a systematic and meta-analytical approach, this study presents a comprehensive picture of the status, conceptual and measurement frameworks, fundamental theories, method, antecedents, consequences, and meta-analytical relationships among popular variables. In addition, the study points out research gaps and future directions for hospitality OCB research, drawing on comparison with mainstream OCB literature. In particular, there is a need for more holistic, reliable, and validated OCB frameworks and measures for different hospitality contexts; a need for research on the consequences of OCB at the level of customers, coworkers, and employees; and more rigorous research methodologies. The findings further suggest that the unique characteristics of hospitality organizations not only provide meaningful contexts but also broaden and deepen the scope of OCB theories.
Laryngotracheal Complications in Intubated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Sandu Kishore
Published: May 2021

During the current COVID-19 pandemic, several emerging cases of laryngotracheal stenosis following prolonged intubation and tracheostomy are being reported. The patients’ pre-existing comorbidities, the disease itself and the pronation maneuvers increase the risk for endolaryngeal and tracheal damage. In this commentary, we report 4 such patients with acquired severe laryngotracheal stenosis. We describe their airway lesions, the surgical treatment they received, and the outcomes.
Control of self-excited rotor disturbances in three-lobe journal bearing space using a couple stress lubricant
Authors: Mehrjardi Mahdi Zare , Rahmatabadi Asghar Dashti
Published: May 2021

In this study, the dynamic behavior of three-lobe noncircular hydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated with couple stress fluid is presented. Currently, application of journal bearings with different geometries such as lobed bearings and using non-Newtonian lubricants, including various additives, are the common suggested solutions by tribology researchers to improve the performance of rotor-journal bearing systems. Due to the incompatibility of new lubricant behaviors including polymer chains or other types of suspended particles with considerable size from the classic Navier–Stokes equations, different models such as couple stress fluid theory have been proposed to evaluate their performance. To investigate the self-excited rotor disturbances caused by various factors, like operating in critical speeds, simultaneous solution of governing Reynolds equation of oil lubricant and the rotor motion equations has been done. The result of dynamic analyses using linear and nonlinear approaches indicates the possibility of enhancing the stiffness and damping ability of the three-lobe bearings by strengthening the couple stress properties of lubricant. It is seen from the results that by increasing the couple stress parameter of oil, the type of rotor perturbations in the bearing clearance space changes from divergent oscillations, as a leading cause of collision between the rotor surface and the bearing shell, to limit cycle motion around the rotor stable position or convergent fluctuations to the static equilibrium point. This improvement in the stability range of three-lobe journal bearings using a couple stress lubricant appears in the results of a linear analysis model in terms of increasing the critical mass parameter and decreasing the whirl frequency ratio. In addition, bifurcation diagram results show that using noncircular three-lobe bearings instead of circular types and replacing the Newtonian lubricant with the couple stress fluid improve the dynamic stability of rotor- bearing supports.
Noncoplanar Versus Coplanar Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Protection of the Lip and Buccal Mucosa
Authors: Lao Zheng , Bi Fan , Fan Wenhui , Xu Xuanli , Tu Wenyong , Shi Huifeng
Published: May 2021

Objective:

In this study, by comparing coplanar and noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning in treating tongue cancer, the significance of noncoplanar fields in the protection of the lip and buccal mucosa was determined, and a reasonable solution was selected.

Methods:

Forty-eight tongue cancer patients treated from June 2019 to February 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a coplanar field group and a noncoplanar field group. The mucosal dose limit changed from 15 Gy to 45 Gy for comparison of the two treatment plans. The evaluation indicators (conformal index (CI); homogeneity index (HI); D5, D50, and D98 of the target volume; and the dose of normal tissues) were calculated under different mucosal dose limits. The clinical observation of the lip and buccal mucosa of 48 cases was monitored and graded carefully according to NCI-CTCAE V4.0. Statistical analyses were performed.

Results:

The differences in CI, HI, D98, D50 and D5 between the two groups in the target volume tended to decrease when the mucosal dose limit was less than 30 Gy, with a significant difference ( P < 0.05). When the limit exceeded 30 Gy, significant differences in other indicators except CI ( P < 0.05) were still noted. In normal tissue, differences in doses between the two groups existed when the mucosal limit was less than 20 Gy, with a significant difference ( P < 0.05). When the limit exceeded 20 Gy, no significant difference was noted. Patients in the noncoplanar group showed significantly better results than those in the other group in terms of the radiation-related toxicity of the lip and cheek membrane( P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Compared with coplanar field radiotherapy, noncoplanar field radiotherapy can effectively reduce the exposure dose to the lip and buccal mucosa. The application of noncoplanar treatment plans exhibits good clinical significance and deserves to be promoted.
The Influence of Arterial Calcification on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer Complicated by Osteomyelitis Treated by Surgery
Authors: Carmena-Pantoja Marta , Álvaro-Afonso Francisco Javier , García-Morales Esther , García-Álvarez Yolanda , Tardáguila-García Aroa , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis
Published: May 2021

The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of radiographic arterial calcification (RAC) on clinical outcomes and wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers complicated by osteomyelitis treated by surgery. We analyzed retrospectively the clinical records of 102 patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis who underwent surgery at a specialized diabetic foot unit between January 2014 and December 2016. The clinical data of evolution until its complete epithelialization and a follow-up 1 year were reviewed, and after reviewing the radiological images, patients were classified into 2 groups: those with RAC and those without RAC. We analyzed several clinical features in both groups. The presence of RAC was associated with a greater time of healing (10.68 ± 7.24 vs 8.11 ± 4.50 weeks; P = .029) and shorter time to recurrence and reulceration (13.30 ± 9.25 vs 18.81 ± 11.63 weeks; P = .036). However, this association was not found for patients with mild and moderate peripheral artery disease (PAD), whose time of healing was 8.97 ± 4.51 weeks compared to 9.16 ± 6.39 weeks for patients without PAD; P = .864. The time of healing of diabetic foot ulcers complicated by osteomyelitis treated by surgery can be negatively affected by the presence of RAC even more than by the presence of mild and moderate ischemia. The presence of RAC may offer clinical guidance at the level of primary care though this would need thorough validation in future studies.
Investigation of interactions between fabric performance, sewing process parameters and seam pucker of shirt fabric
Authors: Chen Daoling , Cheng Pengpeng , Li Yonggui
Published: May 2021

Seam pucker is a common problem in sewing. It not only affects the appearance of product, but also affects product performance. The purpose of this study is to quantify the complex dynamic interactions between fabric performance, sewing process parameters and seam pucker. In order to solve the problem of shirt seam pucker, this study selected four kinds of shirt fabrics, three kinds of polyester sewing threads, three kinds of stitch density and four kinds of seam types for experiments. Through unitary regression analysis, the subjective and objective evaluation results are consistent. Further analysis the results of objective experiment revealed that fabric performances, seams type, sewing thread and stitch densities all have impact on seam pucker. Meanwhile also find out the sewing process parameters for the four fabrics when the seam shrinkage’s were smallest, so it’s helpful for the apparel enterprises to improve seam quality. Multiple linear regression analysis of experimental results show that fabric performances has the greatest influence on seam pucker, thickness, weight and warp density of fabric properties significantly affect seam pucker. And as the breaking elongation of sewing thread increases, seam pucker also increases. Stitch densities and seam type has the least affected on seam pucker, they affect the seam pucker by changing the extension of stitch and thickness of fabric at the seam, respectively. Seam type has greater impact on fabrics that are prone to seam pucker, seam type T1 get larger seam shrinkage than T4. Finally, the complex dynamic interactions was quantified and expressed through mathematical models.
Wall thinning behaviors of high strength 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N tube in numerical control bending considering variation of elastic modulus
Authors: Fang Jun , Ouyang Fang , Lu Shiqiang , Wang Kelu , Min Xuguang , Xiao Botao
Published: May 2021

Wall thinning, as one of the key defects in tube bending determined the forming quality and limit, is more easily to occur due to the specific properties of high strength 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N stainless steel tube (0Cr21Ni6Mn9N-HS tube). To achieve tube accuracy numerical control (NC) bending forming, the wall thinning characteristics of the 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N-HS tube should be clarified. An analytical model was proposed to reveal the essential relation between tube parameters and wall thickness distribution. Considering the varied elastic modulus, a finite element (FE) model was applied to explore the wall thinning under different geometrical and process parameters. Using the modified multi-parameter sensitivity analysis method combined with FE simulation, the sensitivity of the wall thinning to geometrical and process parameters was carried out. The experiments of NC tube bending were conducted to validate the analytical and simulate results. The results show that the varied elastic modulus can enhance the wall thinning degree, but has no obvious effect on wall thinning characteristics. The wall thinning characteristics under different geometrical and process parameters are revealed and the reasonable parameters ranges for the 0Cr21Ni6Mn9N-HS tube in NC bending are obtained. The most sensitive parameter on wall thinning is the relative bending radius, while the bending angle is the least one.