bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Anatomy and Features of Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy by Destandau Technique
Authors: Mostofi Keyvan , Khouzani Reza Karimi
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive spine surgery limits surgical trauma and avoids traditional open surgery so in the majority of cases, recovery is much quicker and patients have less pain after surgery.AIM: The authors describe an endoscopic approach to anterior cervical foraminotomy (ACF) by Destandau's method.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anterior cervical foraminotomy by Destandauâ€™s method is carried out under general anaesthesia. A 3 cm transverse skin incision is used just slightly past the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid's muscle laterally. After exposing and dissecting superficial cervical fascia, platysma muscle, and deep cervical fascia, Endospine material designed by Destandau will be inserted. As from this moment, the procedure will continue using endoscopy.RESULTS: the Endoscopic approach to anterior cervical foraminotomy by Destandau's method offers a convenient access to the cervical foraminal stenosis with fewer complications and negligible morbidity and gives maximum exposure to discal space with the goal of minimising cutaneous incision.CONCLUSION: Contrary to the other minimally invasive approaches, the visual field in foraminotomy by Destandau technique is broad and depending on the workability of Endospine an adequate access to cervical disc is possible.
The Effect of Orthognathic Surgery on Osteoprotegerin as Immunological Caliper of Bone Healing
Authors: Soliman Sara , Ahmed Mamdouh
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is considered to be the cytokine that plays an important role in the healing process. OPG regulates bone cell biology, osteoblastâ€“osteoclast, bone-immune cross-talk and maintenance of bone mass. It plays an important role in the development, induction, and repair of bone. Orthognathic surgery as multiples segmental osteotomies has been taken as a model surgery to assess the changes in osteoprotegerin levels in the post-operative bone healing period.AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate OPG as immunological caliper of bone healing.MATERIAL AND METHODS: OPG was evaluated in nine patients seeking orthognathic surgery. Patients were examined and checked to be medically and immunologically free prior to surgery. Blood samples were collected immediate pre-operative as control group and for six weeks post-operative as study group.RESULTS: Data were collected from nine consecutive patients. The results showed higher levels of OPG. it showed significant increase in the immediate post-operative value (p = 0.001) which started to increase gradually during the six weeks (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Significant higher levels of OPG during the healing period of orthognathic surgery suggest the its use as immunological caliper of bone healing.
Le Ciel et la vie choisissent celui qui perçoit l’obscurité
Authors: Lianke Yan , Veg Sebastian
Published: November 2016

Résumé Dans son discours de réception du prix Kafka 2014, Yan Lianke (né en 1958, auteur de Bons baisers de Lénine , Les Quatre Livres , Le Rêve du village des Ding ) analyse le rôle d’un écrivain critique dans la Chine actuelle. Il souligne en particulier l’importance pour l’écrivain de se confronter à la part d’obscurité dans la société et dans le passé récent.
Tout dire ou le gouvernement de la langue
Authors: Roussin Philippe
Published: November 2016

Résumé Tout dire est une expression qui apparaît dans la langue française au xiii e  siècle. Les contextes d’usage et les inflexions sémantiques qu’elle a connues permettent de comprendre les modifications successives des frontières entre sphère privée et sphère publique. On analyse la période 1750-1990 en isolant trois moments : naissance de l’autobiographie et droit de la critique, jusqu’à la période révolutionnaire au xviii e  siècle ; combats autour de la liberté de la presse et de l’esthétique réaliste au xix e  siècle ; débats concernant la place de la littérature à partir de 1945 et jusque dans les années 1960, où l’expression en vient à désigner ce qui semble être la tâche de la littérature.
Ce « sujet à éclipses » qu’on dit démocratique
Authors: Bouju Emmanuel
Published: November 2016

RÉSUMÉ En partant de l’exemple de la transition démocratique espagnole après la mort de Franco, l’article interroge la pertinence, pour la littérature, de la définition du sujet démocratique comme « sujet à éclipses » (Jacques Rancière). Il présente à travers quelques exemples précis la façon dont l’exercice des mémoires possibles, dans l’écriture romanesque de l’histoire nationale et européenne, contribue au partage démocratique de la mémoire et à l’élaboration d’une fiction collective de l’espace public.
Wu Ming, la New Italian Epic : les paradoxes d’un espace public virtuel
Authors: Daros Philippe
Published: November 2016

RÉSUMÉ Wu Ming, collectif d’auteurs de romans-fleuves best-sellers en Italie, a développé des théories sur la création de mythes, la culture populaire ou le copyleft (gratuité de la culture) et a baptisé son esthétique New Italian Epic. L’article interroge la pertinence de ce projet où la négation de l’« histoire des vainqueurs », le recours aux modalités du possible, la récursivité (la revendication de l’allégorie comme ouverture interprétative infinie) semblent définir une anthropologie et une poétique matérialistes proposées dans le cadre d’une interactivité multiforme avec les internautes. Pourtant, l’analyse met en évidence un étrange constat : le collectif, par ses déclarations répétitives de poétique, modèle l’espace virtuel où ses œuvres de fiction apparaissent.
Les écrivains algériens et l’expérience démocratique dans les années 1990
Authors: Leperlier Tristan
Published: November 2016

RÉSUMÉ La grande majorité des écrivains algériens a soutenu en janvier 1992 l’arrêt, par l’armée, des élections législatives qui devaient voir le Front islamique du salut l’emporter. Les écrivains algériens ne sont-ils pas démocrates ? L’explication est à chercher dans leur statut d’élite sociale redevable à l’État socialiste des années 1970, mais également dans leur expérience d’écrivains : au pôle le plus autonome du champ littéraire, les valeurs centrales sont, plus que l’égalité démocratique, la « tolérance », la promotion de la « pluralité », en un mot, le respect des libertés individuelles auxquelles s’opposent les islamistes, et pour lesquelles ces écrivains se sont battus avec un début de succès dans les années 1980.
Karl Kraus’ Paris und die Antimoderne
Authors: Gisbertz Anna-Katharina , Meineke Eva-Tabea , Le Rider Jacques
Published: November 2016

Karl Kraus a, de son vivant, été internationalement reconnu en tant que critique des médias et prosateur d’un talent exceptionnel. Ses œuvres ont été traduites en plusieurs langues. De nombreux travaux lui ont été consacrés en France depuis les années 1920. Cependant les relations de Kraus avec la France n’ont pas été systématiquement explorées. La réception de la culture et de la littérature françaises dans la Fackel fait apparaître certains paradoxes qui méritent un examen attentif. Ce texte d’introduction récapitule les principaux aspects de cette réception paradoxale et suggère que l’attitude de Kraus envers la France a pour logique son autostylisation comme Viennois antimoderne.
Phrase und Gemeinplatz – Kraus, Flaubert und der Boulevard
Authors: Hülk Walburga
Published: November 2016

Dans Le Flambeau de Karl Kraus, le nom de Gustave Flaubert apparaît rarement. Cette observation étonne, étant donné le fait que des deux auteurs partageaient des intérêts acharnés : se vouer au style , dénoncer les lieux communs, les « phrases » et les idées reçues, attaquer les tendances boulevardières des journaux et le goût vulgaire du public. Flaubert, semble-t-il, n’attira l’attention de Kraus que de manière indirecte, là, où les comptes rendus de plusieurs œuvres flaubertiennes lui donnèrent l’occasion de frapper les représentants de la scène culturelle viennoise, Max Nordau surtout. L’article étudie les stratégies de Flaubert et de Kraus face au „boulevard“. Quant à Kraus, il porte en particulier son attention au texte Heine et la suite et quelques articles du Flambeau qui traitent de Flaubert; concernant ce dernier, il analyse un chapitre de Madame Bovary .
Verfehlung der Solitäre. Karl Kraus und Charles Péguy
Authors: Fetscher Justus
Published: November 2016

Karl Kraus et Charles Péguy se sont fait connaître tous les deux à peu près en même temps dans leur métropole respective, à Vienne et à Paris, comme fondateurs et éditeurs d’une importante revue littéraire. Malgré le parallèle qu’on peut faire entre leurs biographies et leurs publications, Kraus et Péguy s’ignoraient. Cela est dû à une raison précise, comme le montre cette contribution qui explore les intentions comparables et les différences de forme d’expression littérarire des deux solitaires pour mettre en évidence le profond fossé historique et politique qui les séparait.
Les limites de la représentation : l’extase d’Eisenstein comme réinvention de l’utopie de l’avant-garde russe
Authors: Olivero Massimo
Published: November 2016

La théorie de l’extase de Sergueï Eisenstein propose le paradoxe de représenter la « sortie de la représentation ». À partir d’un projet artistique iconoclaste, proche de celui des avant-gardes des années 1910-1920, qui concevaient la représentation ( Vorstellung ) comme un « mur » à détruire, Eisenstein pense cet objectif possible seulement en sauvegardant la mimésis. Il conçoit alors une esthétique à la fois organique et pathétique qui développe les possibilités expressives et donc une nouvelle et plus puissante représentation ( Darstellung ).
Voir en art, voir en sciences
Authors: Dondero Maria Giulia
Published: November 2016

Le présent article porte sur les dispositifs visuels qu’on appelle en histoire de l’art et en sémiotique généralement « métavisuels » et qui ont été formulés pour notamment analyser des phénomènes de dédoublement et de cadrage dans l’image artistique. Nous allons explorer la possibilité d’utiliser ces dispositifs pour analyser les images scientifiques contemporaines, en les comparant à certaines œuvres artistiques. On tentera ainsi, en croisant les travaux de Victor Stoichita et Jean-François Bordron, de repérer un certain nombre d’opérations communes qui traversent les différences figuratives et d’économie de valeurs entre les arts et les sciences.
Physiological, haematological and biochemical shifts in police working dogs during a riot control exercise
Authors: Alves J.C. , Santos A.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological, haematological and biochemical shifts that occur in police working dogs during a riot control exercise. The animals (n=17) used were dogs from the Guarda Nacional Republicana (Portuguese Gerndarmerie Unit). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and blood samples collected, both before (T0) and immediately after (T1) the exercise. Blood lactate (BL) and blood glucose concentration levels were immediately measured using handheld portable devices and from the blood samples the following parameters were determined: red blood cells, haematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, urea, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Cl-. Results were submitted to a paired T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare different variables. Significant increases occurred in RT (P<0.01), RR (P<0.01), lymphocytes (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.05). Other measured parameters showed non-significant variations and no correlation was found between BL and HR and RT – the parameters that can be easily monitored during exercise. The present results consist, to the authors’ knowledge, the first description of the physiological, haematological and biochemical shifts in police working dogs during a riot control exercise. They provide valuable information for the monitoring and future evaluations of this type of work that many police working dogs undergo throughout the world and set a starting point for future studies.
The effect of sex and time of day on testosterone concentrations in equine saliva and serum
Authors: Munk R. , Jensen R.B. , Palme R. , Christensen J.W.
Published: November 2016

In terms of exercise, testosterone is important for the growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. Sampling saliva could be a non-invasive alternative to blood sampling for the quantification of testosterone levels in horses. The objective of this study was to compare testosterone concentrations in saliva and serum (sampled simultaneously) from horses of different sexes and at different times throughout the day. A total of 67 warmblood riding horses (21 geldings, 22 mares and 24 stallions) were included in the study. Saliva and blood samples were collected in the morning (06:00-08:00), at midday (11:00-13:00) and in the evening (17:00-19:00). The results demonstrated a weak correlation between saliva and serum testosterone concentrations (rs=0.25, P=0.04). Stallions had higher serum testosterone concentrations than mares and geldings (P<0.001), but there was no significant effect of sex on salivary testosterone concentrations. The time of day did not affect the concentration of testosterone in either saliva or serum. In conclusion, our results indicate that saliva samples cannot be recommended for measuring testosterone levels in horses. However, further research is needed to identify the disturbing factors.
Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis After Nonelective Orthopedic Trauma Surgery in Switzerland
Authors: Hoffmeyer Pierre , Simmen Hanspeter , Jakob Marcel , Sommer Christoph , Platz Andreas , Ilchmann Thomas , Grossen Erik , Ryf Christian , Christofilopoulos Panayiotis , Schueler Michael , Lassen Michael Rud , Rimle Markus , Gasser Urs E.
Published: November 2016

This study investigated the effectiveness and the outcomes of rivaroxaban vs the standard of care for venous thromboembolic prophylaxis in patients undergoing fracture-related surgery. A total of 413 patients undergoing fracture-related surgery from 9 Swiss orthopedic and trauma centers were enrolled. The authors selected the type of venous thromboembolic prophylaxis according to standardized medical practice at the participating centers before the inclusion of patients: 208 patients received rivaroxaban and 205 received the standard of care. Data on symptomatic thromboembolic and bleeding events, surgery-related complications, death, adverse events, time to mobilization, and hospital discharge were collected. Symptomatic thromboembolic events were reported in 1 patient (0.5%) and 2 patients (1.0%) and treatment-emergent major bleeding events were reported in 1 patient (0.5%) and 2 patients (1.0%) receiving rivaroxaban and the standard of care, respectively. The durations of hospital stay and venous thromboembolic prophylaxis were similar in the 2 groups. In both groups, adverse events related to venous thromboembolic prophylaxis were reported in 12 patients. The proportion of patients with minor and major fracture surgery was 74.3% and 25.7%, respectively. In patients undergoing minor fracture surgery receiving rivaroxaban (n=167) and the standard of care (n=140), no symptomatic thromboembolic events and no major bleeding events were reported. Outcomes of this study indicate that rivaroxaban might be an appropriate oral alternative for venous thromboembolic prophylaxis in routine medical care after fracture-related major and minor surgery. Reported results were comparable to those from other large-scale, noninterventional and randomized controlled studies. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(2):109–116.]
Sympatric sibling species: the case of Caloria elegans and Facelina quatrefagesi (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
Authors: Furfaro Giulia , Mariottini Paolo , Modica Maria Vittoria , Trainito Egidio , Doneddu Mauro , Oliverio Marco
Published: November 2016

The aeolid nudibranch Caloria elegans (Facelinidae) is quite common in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean and is easily recognized by the presence of a typical black spot at the apical portion of its cerata. Facelina quatrefagesi (Facelinidae) was long considered as a synonym of C. elegans until recently, when it was re-evaluated as a valid species based mainly on rhinophore morphology. In order to definitively assess the status of these aeolid taxa, we employed an integrative taxonomy approach using the nuclear H3 and the two mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S markers. The molecular analyses clearly showed that, although morphologically closely related to C. elegans, F. quatrefagesi is a valid species.
Bérurier Noir. Sociogenèse culturelle et itinéraire personnel
Authors: Guillemot François
Published: November 2016

A travers un exercice périlleux d’égo-histoire, cette contribution sur le groupe Bérurier Noir s’attache à présenter des aspects culturels et politiques de la genèse du groupe alternatif des années 1980. L’auteur a privilégié une perspective culturelle qui permet de mieux comprendre les sources d’inspiration des chansons et des thématiques portées par ce groupe musical entre 1983 et 1989. Au fil de quatre temps forts, les lecteurs sont plongés dans un tourbillon d’actions débutant au lycée Paul Valéry (Paris 12e), se poursuivant dans la rue sur le Parvis Beaubourg, les squatts et l’Usine Pali-Kao, pour investir le Zénith de Paris en mars 1988, le Québec et finalement l’Olympia les 9, 10 et 11 novembre 1989 alors que le mur de Berlin tombe. Sur le plan culturel, l’imaginaire élaboré par Bérurier Noir au fil de son existence est dévoilé : du cinéma d’avant-garde japonais aux films politiques européens, de la bande à Baader-Meinhof à l’association Actes Energie Perdue, de la boutique Harry Cover (aux Halles) aux dojos de Karaté, du « No future » au « Yes future », du noir & blanc à la couleur. En outre, l’Asie apparaît comme le fil conducteur invisible d’une expérience plus personnelle. Cette contribution peut se concevoir comme un essai d’interprétation d’une histoire culturelle en construction.
Territorialité et publicité : la trajectoire multiscalaire d’OTH (1978-1991)
Authors: Loué Thomas
Published: November 2016

Groupe phare du punk-rock sudiste des années 1980, OTH construit progressivement l’image d’un groupe de scène aux performances marquantes. La trajectoire temporelle du groupe se traduit aussi par une mutation de ses territorialités. D’abord très ancré dans un périmètre restreint, autour de Montpellier et de l’Hérault, où il joue un rôle leader dans la scène rock locale, la réception d’OTH connaît une extension croissante dans l’ensemble du sud de la France puis, selon des modalités différentes, au nord. Cette délocalisation ou nationalisation du groupe se traduit par son insertion au sein d’une scène rock nationale indépendante et induit une professionnalisation de son management. Une esquisse de comparaison avec les Bérurier Noir tente d’en rendre compte.
L’émergence du punk en France : entre dandys et autonomes (1976-1981)
Authors: Raboud Pierre
Published: November 2016

Les années d’émergence du punk en France sont souvent présentées comme divisées en deux premières vagues : la première serait marquée par un dandysme et une proximité avec les Beaux-Arts ; la seconde serait quant à elle militante et issue de milieux plus populaires. Cette interprétation recoupe deux visions d’une « histoire en train de se faire » du punk en France : une première se focalisant sur Paris et sur les aspects esthétiques relatifs à ce genre, une seconde décentralisée, plus populaire et militante. Au moyen de l’étude des productions (fanzines, visuels, musique) issues de ces deux premières vagues, cet article entend dépasser cette dichotomie présumée et apporter une analyse historique originale comparant ces deux temps de l’émergence du punk en France. À travers le prisme de la thématique de la rupture, il montre quelles sont ces différences et comment elles s’expriment. Au-delà de ce constat d’une différence entre une rupture symbolique et une seconde plus militante, la démarche de cet article permet, de plus, d’expliquer cette adaptation du punk en mobilisant les changements que connaît la société française et le territoire qu’occupe la scène punk (crise, évolution des squats).
Old Media, New Media, and Public Engagement with Science and Technology
Authors: Strekalova Yulia A. , Krieger Janice L. , Damiani Rachel E. , Kalyanaraman Sriram , Wang Daisy Zhe
Published: November 2016

Mass media are, collectively, an effective mechanism for the engagement of the general public in a debate and exchange of information related to science and technology innovations. Whether the aim is to affect change at the individual, population, or policy-making level, public understanding of science and interaction between experts and lay audiences are paramount. This chapter describes a case study of a cybersecurity forum that provided an opportunity for information technology experts to share their knowledge with studio and social media audiences. Reviewing conceptual and practical implications of the case study, the chapter discusses how public engagement efforts could capitalize on the strength of both traditional and online media and introduce interactive programs that cross these two media spaces.
Geometric Programming Based Resource Allocation for 5G High-Speed Mobile Networks
Authors: Xu Shaoyi , Fu Tianhang
Published: November 2016

The high-speed railway (HSR) is a typical application case in 5G systems. Mobile relay stations (MRSs) which are mounted in a high-speed train (HST) is popular system architecture for high-speed mobile communications. However, sharing spectrums between the macro cell and the MRS cell, interference exists in this hybrid system. In this chapter, we investigate the downlink of a multi-cellular decode and forward (DF) relayed orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system and formulate the problem to maximize the system sum rate of all cells subject to a total power constraint and a new proposed time delay constraint. An effective resource allocation scheme combined by greedy sub-carriers allocation and geometric programming (GP) based power allocation algorithm is proposed to optimize subcarrier allocation and power allocation. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed resource allocation scheme outperforms the other traditional approaches and the necessity of introducing the time delay constraint.
When Sales Talk Meets Reality
Authors: Allison DeeAnn
Published: November 2016

Implementing new technology can be challenging when it involves multiple departments across an institution and relies on interoperability with more than one vendor partner. This chapter discusses the implementation of a self-checkout kiosk in the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) Libraries that also collects fine payments via credit cards. The process took eight months to complete and was interrupted because of several issues caused by miscommunication between vendors, the University departments, and Library staff, and it became further complicated by changes in credit card regulations. This chapter explores the issues that arose from kiosk purchase through implementation and provides recommendations that will help other libraries implementing new technologies.
Domestic Tourist Satisfaction in a Colonial Hotel and Its Implications for Management
Authors: Herath Hanshika Madushani , Munasinghe Sarath
Published: November 2016

The most important job and the biggest challenge in contemporary management in service industries, is making the customers satisfied. It can be argued that the difficulty faced by managers committed to customer satisfaction, is designing specific customer satisfaction strategies. This task becomes a challenge due to the lack of studies done to measure customer satisfaction in hospitality industry, which result in the lack of understanding of the governing factors and the level of customer satisfaction. In Bandarawela Hotel the significant differences between the satisfaction of domestic and foreign tourists and the dominant dissatisfaction of domestic tourists have been recognized. The reasons for dissatisfaction were studied using the mixed methodology of the research. The factors affecting their satisfaction were recognized to be in two categories; tangible and intangible. As the significant findings, some features of the hotel that exists due to the Colonial concept were recognized as the main factors that contribute to the domestic tourists' dissatisfaction.
The Role of Local Wisdom-Based e-Eco-Innovation to Promote Firms' Marketing Performance
Authors: Aryanto Vincent Didiek Wiet
Published: November 2016

This study aims at investigating the effect of market orientation on local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation as mediating variable to the Small and Medium Enterprises' marketing performance. Model and hypotheses testing were undertaken by means of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) Amos version 23. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among the three industrial clusters, however, 189 was valid to be further followed up. The findings were market orientation has significant effect on local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation, market orientation has significant effect on firm's marketing performance and local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation has significant effect on firm's marketing performance. The study has provided some empirical evidence that the development of local wisdom-based e-eco-innovation particularly in developing countries, enhance the SMEs marketing performance.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Case Report
Authors: Alghamdi Anas A. , Ahmad Maswood M. , Almalki Mussa H.
Published: November 2016

The aim of reporting this case is to highlight the association of two disorders, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). They are usually seen in two different age groups and rarely together. PHPT is a rare cause of SCFE and only 10 cases have been reported in the literature worldwide. The patient in our report is a 13-year-old girl who presented to our clinic with bilateral knee pain and a waddling gait. Subsequent investigations showed that she had PHPT and SCFE with low bone mass. On admission, a parathyroidectomy was performed; then, the slipped femoral epiphyses were fixed with satisfactory results. A systematic algorithmic approach that was illustrated in a previously published case was used. Such cases should be managed with a systematic approach based on the patient's clinical status to prevent future morbidity. A literature review was conducted by performing a Medline search of all reported cases of PHPT and SCFEs.
Management of Hypoglycemia in Nondiabetic Palliative Care Patients: A Prognosis-Based Approach
Authors: Kok Victor C. , Lee Ping-Hsueh
Published: November 2016

Hypoglycemia due to underlying terminal illness in nondiabetic end-of-life patients receiving palliative care has not been fully studied. For example, we do not have adequate information on the frequency of spontaneous hypoglycemia in patients as occurs during the different stages of palliative care. Depending on the case-mix nature of the palliative care ward, at least 2% of palliative care patients may develop hypoglycemia near the end of life when the remaining life expectancy counts down in days. As many as 25%–60% of these patients will neither have autonomic response nor have neuroglycopenic symptoms during a hypoglycemic episode. Although it is not difficult to diagnose and confirm a true hypoglycemia when it is suspected clinically, an episode of hypoglycemic attack may go unnoticed in some patients in a hospice setting. Current trends in palliative care focus on providing treatments based on a prognosis-based framework, involving shared decision-making between the patient and caregivers, after considering the prognosis, professional recommendations, patient's autonomy, family expectations, and the current methods for treating the patient's physical symptoms and existential suffering. This paper provides professional care teams with both moral and literature support for providing care to nondiabetic patients presenting with hypoglycemia.
Unstable Malaria Transmission in the Southern Peruvian Amazon and Its Association with Gold Mining, Madre de Dios, 2001–2012
Authors: Sanchez Juan F. , Carnero Andres M. , Rivera Esteban , Rosales Luis A. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Asencios Jorge L. , Edgel Kimberly A. , Vinetz Joseph M. , Lescano Andres G.
Published: November 2016

The reemergence of malaria in the last decade in Madre de Dios, southern Peruvian Amazon basin, was accompanied by ecological, political, and socioeconomic changes related to the proliferation of illegal gold mining. We conducted a secondary analysis of passive malaria surveillance data reported by the health networks in Madre de Dios between 2001 and 2012. We calculated the number of cases of malaria by year, geographic location, intensity of illegal mining activities, and proximity of health facilities to the Peru–Brazil Interoceanic Highway. During 2001–2012, 203,773 febrile cases were identified in Madre de Dios, of which 30,811 (15.1%) were confirmed cases of malaria; all but 10 cases were due to Plasmodium vivax. Cases of malaria rose rapidly between 2004 and 2007, reached 4,469 cases in 2005, and then declined after 2010 to pre-2004 levels. Health facilities located in areas of intense illegal gold mining reported 30-fold more cases than those in non-mining areas (ratio = 31.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.28, 51.60). Finally, health facilities located > 1 km from the Interoceanic Highway reported significantly more cases than health facilities within this distance (ratio = 16.20, 95% CI = 8.25, 31.80). Transmission of malaria in Madre de Dios is unstable, geographically heterogeneous, and strongly associated with illegal gold mining. These findings highlight the importance of spatially oriented interventions to control malaria in Madre de Dios, as well as the need for research on malaria transmission in illegal gold mining camps.
Iterative Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacogenomic-Guided Clinical Decision Support System for Warfarin Dosing
Authors: Melton Brittany , Zillich Alan , Saleem Jason , Russ Alissa , Tisdale James , Overholser Brian
Published: November 2016

Objective Pharmacogenomic-guided dosing has the potential to improve patient outcomes but its implementation has been met with clinical challenges. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for pharmacogenomic-guided warfarin dosing designed for physicians and pharmacists.

Methods Twelve physicians and pharmacists completed 6 prescribing tasks using simulated patient scenarios in two iterations (development and validation phases) of a newly developed pharmacogenomic-driven CDSS prototype. For each scenario, usability was measured via efficiency, recorded as time to task completion, and participants’ perceived satisfaction which were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests, respectively. Debrief interviews were conducted and qualitatively analyzed. Usability findings from the first (i.e. development) iteration were incorporated into the CDSS design for the second (i.e. validation) iteration.

Results During the CDSS validation iteration, participants took more time to complete tasks with a median (IQR) of 183 (124–247) seconds versus 101 (73.5–197) seconds in the development iteration (p=0.01). This increase in time on task was due to the increase in time spent in the CDSS corresponding to several design changes. Efficiency differences that were observed between pharmacists and physicians in the development iteration were eliminated in the validation iteration. The increased use of the CDSS corresponded to a greater acceptance of CDSS recommended doses in the validation iteration (4% in the first iteration vs. 37.5% in the second iteration, p<0.001). Overall satisfaction did not change statistically between the iterations but the qualitative analysis revealed greater trust in the second prototype.

Conclusions A pharmacogenomic-guided CDSS has been developed using warfarin as the test drug. The final CDSS prototype was trusted by prescribers and significantly increased the time using the tool and acceptance of the recommended doses. This study is an important step toward incorporating pharmacogenomics into CDSS design for clinical testing.

Citation: Melton BL, Zillich AJ, Saleem JJ, Russ AL, Tisdale JE, Overholser BR. Iterative development and evaluation of a pharmacogenomic-guided clinical decision support system for warfarin dosing.
Percepciones del alumnado sobre la evaluación formativa: Contraste de grupos de inicio y final de carrera
Authors: Hortigüela Alcalá David , Abella García Víctor , Pérez Pueyo Ángel
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados acerca de la percepción que tiene el alumnado sobre los procesos de evaluación formativa llevados en cabo en el ámbito universitario, incidiendo en la comprensión del sistema y en el seguimiento llevado a cabo a lo largo del curso en relación a alumnos que cursan asignaturas, por un lado, de 1º y  2º curso y, por otro, de 3º y 4º. La muestra utilizada es de 3460 alumnos, correspondientes a 51 asignaturas de 17 Universidades españolas. Se han dividido 2 grandes grupos, uno denominado “cursos iniciales” (1764 alumnos) y otro denominado “cursos finales” (1696 alumnos). Se ha utilizado un cuestionario validado sobre metodología y evaluación en formación inicial, en el que se especifican diferentes ítems vinculados a la evaluación formativa. Se ha empleado un análisis cuantitativo, dividiéndose en descriptivo: frecuencias y porcentajes e inferencial: tablas de contingencia y χ2 y ANOVA, utilizando en esta última técnica ítems basados en la percepción positiva sobre la evaluación basada en los procesos de aprendizaje y en el número de veces que el alumnado se ha matriculado en las asignaturas. Las conclusiones muestran: a) los sistemas de evaluación formativa son percibidos positivamente por el alumnado; b) la calidad de las tareas exigidas aumenta, reconociendo una mayor implicación y una comprensión del sistema desde el comienzo; c) el número de veces que el alumno se haya matriculado en la asignatura no incide de manera directa en su percepción sobre este tipo de procesos.
La gestión universitaria: dificultades en el desempeño del cargo y necesidades de formación.
Authors: Rodríguez Pulido Josefa , Artiles Rodríguez Josue , Aguiar Perera María Victoria
Published: November 2016

Existen diferentes formas de gestión universitaria que están determinados por la interacción existente entre el contexto y los actores. El presente estudio comenzó con un proceso de selección de la muestra en dos fases; primero, mediante informantes cualificados y en segundo lugar, atendiendo a criterios de diversidad en cuanto al área de conocimiento, nivel en que tenía lugar la actividad de gestión del entrevistado, trayectoria en cargos y el género. Se realizaron diecinueve entrevistas semiestructuradas a dos rectores, cuatro vicerrectores, un jefe del servicio de inspección, dos decanos, una vicedecana, un secretario de facultad, cuatro directores de departamento, dos directores de grupos de investigación y dos directores de máster. El instrumento utilizado está conformado por cinco dimensiones relacionadas, con el acceso a la gestión universitaria, la formación para la gestión, las preocupaciones en el ejercicio del cargo, el impacto y dificultades institucionales y los aprendizajes derivados del ejercicio de la gestión. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante una codificación temática y con el apoyo del software para datos cualitativos MaxQDA.10., para pasar, posteriormente al proceso de validación. Respecto a las conclusiones, destacar que el acceso a la gestión universitaria viene justificado por múltiples factores, profesionales y personales, siendo necesario llevar a cabo una formación inicial. Se detecta que el sentido de pertenencia a la institución es una de las claves del éxito del gestor y existe una carencia de protocolos a seguir en la universidad en función del puesto a desempeñar que ayude en las tomas de decisiones.
Film History as Media Archaeology
Authors: Elsaesser Thomas
Published: November 2016

Since cinema has entered the digital era, its very nature has come under renewed scrutiny. Countering the 'death of cinema' debate, Film History as Media Archaeology presents a robust argument for the cinema's current status as a new epistemological object, of interest to philosophers, while also examining the presence of moving images in the museum and art spaces as a challenge for art history. The current study is the fruit of some twenty years of research and writing at the interface of film history, media theory and media archaeology by one of the acknowledged pioneers of the 'new film history' and 'media archaeology'. It joins the efforts of other media scholars to locate cinema's historical emergence and subsequent transformations within the broader field of media change and interaction, as we experience them today.
Ozone production and its sensitivity to NOx and VOCs: results from the DISCOVER-AQ field experiment, Houston 2013
Authors: Mazzuca Gina M. , Ren Xinrong , Loughner Christopher P. , Estes Mark , Crawford James H. , Pickering Kenneth E. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Dickerson Russell R.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. An observation-constrained box model based on the Carbon Bond mechanism, version 5 (CB05), was used to study photochemical processes along the NASA P-3B flight track and spirals over eight surface sites during the September 2013 Houston, Texas deployment of the NASA Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign. Data from this campaign provided an opportunity to examine and improve our understanding of atmospheric photochemical oxidation processes related to the formation of secondary air pollutants such as ozone (O3). O3 production and its sensitivity to NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were calculated at different locations and times of day. Ozone production efficiency (OPE), defined as the ratio of the ozone production rate to the NOx oxidation rate, was calculated using the observations and the simulation results of the box and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Correlations of these results with other parameters, such as radical sources and NOx mixing ratio, were also evaluated. It was generally found that O3 production tends to be more VOC-sensitive in the morning along with high ozone production rates, suggesting that control of VOCs may be an effective way to control O3 in Houston. In the afternoon, O3 production was found to be mainly NOx-sensitive with some exceptions. O3 production near major emissions sources such as Deer Park was mostly VOC-sensitive for the entire day, other urban areas near Moody Tower and Channelview were VOC-sensitive or in the transition regime, and areas farther from downtown Houston such as Smith Point and Conroe were mostly NOx-sensitive for the entire day. It was also found that the control of NOx emissions has reduced O3 concentrations over Houston but has led to larger OPE values. The results from this work strengthen our understanding of O3 production; they indicate that controlling NOx emissions will provide air quality benefits over the greater Houston metropolitan area in the long run, but in selected areas controlling VOC emissions will also be beneficial.
Inventory of anthropogenic methane emissions in mainland China from 1980 to 2010
Authors: Peng Shushi , Piao Shilong , Bousquet Philippe , Ciais Philippe , Li Bengang , Lin Xin , Tao Shu , Wang Zhiping , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Feng
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Methane (CH4) has a 28-fold greater global warming potential than CO2 over 100 years. Atmospheric CH4 concentration has tripled since 1750. Anthropogenic CH4 emissions from China have been growing rapidly in the past decades and contribute more than 10 % of global anthropogenic CH4 emissions with large uncertainties in existing global inventories, generally limited to country-scale statistics. To date, a long-term CH4 emission inventory including the major sources sectors and based on province-level emission factors is still lacking. In this study, we produced a detailed annual bottom-up inventory of anthropogenic CH4 emissions from the eight major source sectors in China for the period 1980–2010. In the past 3 decades, the total CH4 emissions increased from 24.4 [18.6–30.5] Tg CH4 yr−1 in 1980 (mean [minimum–maximum of 95 % confidence interval]) to 44.9 [36.6–56.4] Tg CH4 yr−1 in 2010. Most of this increase took place in the 2000s decade with averaged yearly emissions of 38.5 [30.6–48.3] Tg CH4 yr−1. This fast increase of the total CH4 emissions after 2000 is mainly driven by CH4 emissions from coal exploitation. The largest contribution to total CH4 emissions also shifted from rice cultivation in 1980 to coal exploitation in 2010. The total emissions inferred in this work compare well with the EPA inventory but appear to be 36 and 18 % lower than the EDGAR4.2 inventory and the estimates using the same method but IPCC default emission factors, respectively. The uncertainty of our inventory is investigated using emission factors collected from state-of-the-art published literatures. We also distributed province-scale emissions into 0.1°  ×  0.1° maps using socioeconomic activity data. This new inventory could help understanding CH4 budgets at regional scale and guiding CH4 mitigation policies in China.
Direct inversion of circulation and mixing from tracer measurements – Part 1: Method
Authors: von Clarmann Thomas , Grabowski Udo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. From a series of zonal mean global stratospheric tracer measurements sampled in altitude vs. latitude, circulation and mixing patterns are inferred by the inverse solution of the continuity equation. As a first step, the continuity equation is written as a tendency equation, which is numerically integrated over time to predict a later atmospheric state, i.e., mixing ratio and air density. The integration is formally performed by the multiplication of the initially measured atmospheric state vector by a linear prediction operator. Further, the derivative of the predicted atmospheric state with respect to the wind vector components and mixing coefficients is used to find the most likely wind vector components and mixing coefficients which minimize the residual between the predicted atmospheric state and the later measurement of the atmospheric state. Unless multiple tracers are used, this inversion problem is under-determined, and dispersive behavior of the prediction further destabilizes the inversion. Both these problems are addressed by regularization. For this purpose, a first-order smoothness constraint has been chosen. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated by application to various tracer measurements recorded with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). This method aims at a diagnosis of the Brewer–Dobson circulation without involving the concept of the mean age of stratospheric air, and related problems like the stratospheric tape recorder, or intrusions of mesospheric air into the stratosphere.
The relative importance of macrophysical and cloud albedo changes for aerosol induced radiative effects in stratocumulus
Authors: Grosvenor Daniel P. , Field Paul R. , Hill Adrian A. , Shipway Benjamin J.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud interactions are explored using 1 km resolution simulations of SE Pacific stratocumulus clouds that include realistic meteorology along with newly implemented cloud microphysics and sub-grid cloud schemes. The model was critically assessed against observations of Liquid Water Path (LWP), broadband fluxes, cloud fraction (fc), droplet number concentrations (Nd) and radar reflectivities. Aerosol loading sensitivity tests showed that at low aerosol loadings, changes to aerosol affected shortwave fluxes equally through changes to cloud macrophysical charateristics (LWP, fc) and cloud albedo changes due solely to Nd changes. However, at high aerosol loadings, only the Nd albedo change was important. Evidence was also provided to show that a treatment of sub-grid clouds is as important as order of magnitude changes in aerosol loading for the accurate simulation of stratocumulus at this grid resolution. Overall, the control model demonstrated a credible ability to reproduce observations suggesting that many of the important physical processes for accurately simulating these clouds are represented within the model and giving some confidence in the predictions of the model concerning stratocumulus and the impact of aerosol. For example, the control run was able to reproduce the shape and magnitude of the observed diurnal cycle of domain mean LWP to within ~ 10 g m−2 for the nighttime, but with an overestimate for the daytime of up to 30 g m−2. The latter was attributed to the uniform aerosol fields imposed on the model, which meant that the model failed to include the low Nd mode that was observed further offshore, preventing the LWP removal through precipitation that likely occurred in reality. The boundary layer was too low by around 260 m, which was attributed to the driving global model analysis. The shapes and sizes of the observed bands of clouds and open-cell-like regions of low areal cloud cover were qualitatively captured. The daytime fc frequency distribution was reproduced to within fc = 0.04 for fc > ~ 0.7 as was the domain mean nighttime fc (at a single time) to within fc = 0.02. Frequency distributions of shortwave top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from satellite were well represented by the model with only a slight underestimate of the mean by 15 %; this was attributed to near--shore aerosol concentrations that were too low for the particular times of the satellite overpasses. TOA longwave flux distributions were close to those from satellite with agreement of the mean value to within 0.4 %. From comparisons of Nd distributions to those from satellite it was found that the Nd mode from the model agreed with the higher of the two observed modes to within ~ 15 %.
Effect of thermodenuding on the structure of nascent flame soot aggregates
Authors: Bhandari Janarjan , China Swarup , Onasch Timothy , Wolff Lindsay , Lambe Andrew , Davidovits Paul , Cross Eben , Ahern Adam , Olfert Jason , Dubey Manvendra , Mazzoleni Claudio
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The optical properties (light scattering and absorption) of soot particles depend on soot size and index of refraction, but also on the soot complex morphology and the internal mixing with other material at the single particle level. For example, freshly emitted (nascent) soot particles can interact with other materials in the atmosphere, materials that can condense on soot and coat it. This coating can affect the soot optical properties by refracting light, or by changing the soot aggregate structure. A common approach to studying the effect of coating on soot optical properties is to measure absorption and scattering values in ambient air and then measure them again after removing the coating using a thermodenuder. In this approach, it is assumed that: 1) Most of the coating material is removed; 2) charred organic coating does not add to the refractory carbon; 3) oxidation of soot is negligible; and 4) the pre-existing core soot structure is left unaltered despite potential oxidation of the core at elevated temperature. In this study, we investigate the validity of the last assumption, by studying the effect of thermodenuding on the structure of nascent soot. To this end, we analyze the morphological properties of laboratory generated nascent soot, before and after thermodenuding. Our investigation shows that there is only minor restructuring of nascent soot by thermodenuding.