bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractures of the Lumbar and Sacral Superior Articular Processes: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Numoto Robert Tomohiko , Takeda Miyuki , Tani Satoshi , Abe Toshiaki
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Injury to the posterior vertebral elements of the lumbar spine represents a common cause of lower back pain in athletes. However, associations between nontraumatic fracture, nonathletic populations, and treatment remain poorly described. Diagnosis and treatment of two extremely rare symptomatic fractures of the superior articular process are discussed.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

Two male nonathletes presented with sudden lower back and leg pain after usual daily activities. No obvious abnormalities were revealed by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, or myelography.

INTERVENTION:

In both patients, small fractures of the superior articular facet compressing the root shoulder were recognized after further examination, including detailed neurological evaluation of symptoms and targeted thin-slice computed tomography. After failure of conservative treatment, surgical debridement and removal of nonunion fracture were accomplished.

CONCLUSION:

Symptoms were resolved surgically without further complications or rehabilitation. Fractures of the superior articular facet causing intolerable lower back and sciatic leg pain are rare. We present the first reported cases of these fractures.
Aneurysmal Expansion Presenting as Facial Weakness: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Neimat Joseph S. , Hoh Brian L. , McKenna Michael J. , Rabinov James D. , Ogilvy Christopher S.
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:

Facial paralysis and hemifacial spasm are rare presentations of aneurysms in the posterior fossa. We report an unusual case of rapidly progressive facial palsy caused by the acute expansion of an arteriovenous malformation-associated anteroinferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. The case is notable for the rapid progression of symptoms and their precise correlation with radiographic changes, emphasizing the potential dynamic nature of aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformations.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 56-year-old woman with severe headache and nausea was seen in a local emergency room, where she underwent a neurological examination with unremarkable results and a head computed tomographic scan demonstrating acute hemorrhage in the ambient cisterns. Conventional and computed tomographic angiograms demonstrated an arteriovenous malformation in the right cerebellopontine angle fed by the anteroinferior cerebellar and superior cerebellar arteries. A micro-aneurysm measuring 3 mm was noted within the internal carotid artery on the meatal loop of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery. Two weeks later, a rapidly progressive right facial weakness developed in the patient, progressing to complete facial plegia over 12 hours, and complete sensory neural hearing loss. Repeat angiography demonstrated expansion of the previously visualized aneurysm to 8 × 4 mm.

INTERVENTION:

The patient was taken to surgery for clipping of the aneurysm, which required petrous drilling to unroof the canal. She has experienced substantial recovery of facial nerve function.

CONCLUSION:

Although compression of the VIIth–VIIIth nerve complex is an unusual presentation for posterior fossa aneurysms, it represents an important potential complication of vascular pathological features. The rapid aneurysmal expansion, confirmed by imaging and correlating with the rapid onset of symptoms, gives an impressive demonstration of the anatomic changes that can occur in an aneurysm associated with an arteriovenous malformation.
Preparation of Water-Dispersible Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized by Carbon–Palladium Bonds and Application to Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling in Water
Authors: Yonezawa Tetsu , Kawai Koji , Kawakami Hayato , Narushima Takashi
Published: July 2016

Water-dispersible palladium nanoparticle catalysts have been prepared using palladium–carbon covalent bonds. They worked as an excellent catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in water. Even though the particle size of Pd nanoparticles was much larger than the previously reported ones, they showed a very good catalytic activity for the coupling reaction.
“The molecule’s the thing:” the promise of molecular modeling and dynamic simulations in aiding the prioritization and interpretation of genomic testing results
Authors: Oliver Gavin R. , Zimmermann Michael T. , Klee Eric W. , Urrutia Raul A.
Published: July 2016

Clinical genomics is now a reality and lies at the heart of individualized medicine efforts. The success of these approaches is evidenced by the increasing volume of publications that report causal links between genomic variants and disease. In spite of early success, clinical genomics currently faces significant challenges in establishing the relevance of the majority of variants identified by next generation sequencing tests. Indeed, the majority of mutations identified are harbored by proteins whose functions remain elusive. Herein we describe the current scenario in genomic testing and in particular the burden of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs). We highlight a role for molecular modeling and molecular dynamic simulations as tools that can significantly increase the yield of information to aid in the evaluation of pathogenicity. Though the application of these methodologies to the interpretation of variants identified by genomic testing is not yet widespread, we predict that an increase in their use will significantly benefit the mission of clinical genomics for individualized medicine.
Horizontal gene transfer: essentiality and evolvability in prokaryotes, and roles in evolutionary transitions
Authors: Koonin Eugene V.
Published: July 2016

The wide spread of gene exchange and loss in the prokaryotic world has prompted the concept of ‘lateral genomics’ to the point of an outright denial of the relevance of phylogenetic trees for evolution. However, the pronounced coherence congruence of the topologies of numerous gene trees, particularly those for (nearly) universal genes, translates into the notion of a statistical tree of life (STOL), which reflects a central trend of vertical evolution. The STOL can be employed as a framework for reconstruction of the evolutionary processes in the prokaryotic world. Quantitatively, however, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) dominates microbial evolution, with the rate of gene gain and loss being comparable to the rate of point mutations and much greater than the duplication rate. Theoretical models of evolution suggest that HGT is essential for the survival of microbial populations that otherwise deteriorate due to the Muller’s ratchet effect. Apparently, at least some bacteria and archaea evolved dedicated vehicles for gene transfer that evolved from selfish elements such as plasmids and viruses. Recent phylogenomic analyses suggest that episodes of massive HGT were pivotal for the emergence of major groups of organisms such as multiple archaeal phyla as well as eukaryotes. Similar analyses appear to indicate that, in addition to donating hundreds of genes to the emerging eukaryotic lineage, mitochondrial endosymbiosis severely curtailed HGT. These results shed new light on the routes of evolutionary transitions, but caution is due given the inherent uncertainty of deep phylogenies.
Survey of Risk Factors During Pre- and Post-Conception Periods in Mothers of Babies with Structural Birth Defects Seen at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu Rosemary O. , Eneh Augusta U.
Published: July 2016

Background: Although some birth defects have a genetic origin, certain factors in the mother may have a direct effect on fetal development and increase the risk of having a baby with birth defect.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risk factors during the pre- and post-conception periods in mothers of babies with birth defects at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Method: Data from an ongoing study on birth defects at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were extracted for neonates seen from January 2006 to December 2011. Sociodemographic data and information on pre-and post-conception exposure of the mothers to risk factors were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Each child was examined to describe the type and extent of defect(s).
Results: Birth defect was identified in 501 (8.9%) out of 5,604 babies admitted within the study period. There were 273 (54.5%) males, 220 (43.9%) females and 8(1.6%) with indeterminate gender. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.5±2.6 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2846±885g.
The mean maternal age was 29.1±5.2 years with 412 (82.2%) being less than 35 years.
The preconception and post conception risk factors identified include overweight/obesity 256 (51%), alcohol consumption 208 (41.5%), low socioeconomic status 217 (43.3%), non-medical abortion 245(34.7%), use of therapeutic drugs that are teratogenic (27.5%) and local herbs (23.8%). A hundred and twenty-six (17.8%) had a history of repeated miscarriages, 52 (10.4%) had hypertension while 20(4%) had diabetes. In 22 (4.4%) babies, there was a positive family history of a previous birth defect. Seventeen mothers (3.4%) had attempted unsuccessfully to terminate the index baby with birth defect using alcohol-based native herbs. In 198 (39.5%), no risk factors were documented.
Conclusion: Overweight/obesity, low socioeconomic status and alcohol consumption pre- and post-conceptually appears to be major risk factors for the occurrence of birth defects in babies delivered to these rather young women in the Niger Delta. Maternal risk factors should be assessed in order to provide modifications during preconception care for a better pregnancy outcome.
Book Reviews
Authors: Dasgupta Rohit K
Published: July 2016

Thinking Through Fashion: A Guide to Key Theorists, Agnes Rocamora and Anneke Smelik (eds) (2015) London: I.B Tauris, 320 pp., ISBN: 978-1-7807-6733-8, h/bk, 978-1-7807-6734-5, p/bk, £16.99

Muslim Fashion: Contemporary Style Cultures, Reina Lewis (ed.) (2015) London, Durham: Duke University Press, 237 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8223-5934-0, p/bk. $28.95
NOVOS DADOS SOBRE A OCUPAÇÃO ROMANO-REPUBLICANA DO ALGARVE OCIDENTAL: CERÂMICA COMUM E OUTROS OBJECTOS DA URBANIZAÇÃO DO MOLIÃO (LAGOS, PORTUGAL)
Authors: Sousa Elisa De , Pereira Teresa , Alves Catarina
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho centra-se na análise de um conjunto consideravelmente amplo de materiais recolhidos durante as escavações preventivas realizadas nas imediações da estação arqueológica de Monte Molião (Lagos, Portugal). Foca, em particular, as cerâmicas genericamente designadas de uso comum e alguns outros objectos de cerâmica, pasta vítrea e líticos que foram recuperados em contextos datáveis do período romano-republicano (finais do século II / inícios do século I a.C.). Incorporam diversos tipos de produções, entre as quais se destacam as provenientes da Península Itálica, as de várias áreas regionais da antiga Iberia (Baía de Cádis, Guadalquivir e costa oriental) e ainda vários exemplares de origem local. O interesse deste estudo relaciona-se, sobretudo, com a associação contextual destes materiais com outros artefactos datantes (ânforas e cerâmica fina), o que permite uma caracterização detalhada do horizonte material da fase mais arcaica da ocupação romana do Algarve.
OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE A OCUPAÇÃO DE ÉPOCA ROMANA NO VALE DO MIRA
Authors: Correia Virgílio Hipólito
Published: July 2016

É apresentada uma abordagem integrada dos dados disponíveis sobre a ocupação romana no vale do Rio Mira (Alentejo, Portugal), de que a escassez é interpretada, não como produto de insuficiente investigação, mas como uma situação decorrente de um percurso histórico concreto aí ocorrido; é a este propósito discutida a situação da Arandis romana, para a qual é proposta uma localização (Castro da Cola, Ourique), baseada em argumentos arqueológicos e linguísticos e toponomásticos. A originalidade da ocupação romana da área e as raízes históricas da situação são discutidas desde um ponto de vista teórico e antropológico, recorrendo a conceitos do domínio da arqueologia da paisagem.
De Coimbra ao Rio de Janeiro: Os violeiros da família Couceiro e sua participação nas exposições regionais e internacionais
Authors: Taborda Marcia Ermelindo
Published: July 2016

Os emigrantes portugueses que se transferiram para o Brasil trouxeram tradições e hábitos de vida. Durante todo o século XIX polvilharam nas ruas do centro do Rio as chamadas oficinas de violeiros, criadas por artesãos portugueses. Alguns desses fabricantes foram responsáveis pelo estabelecimento das lojas de música, dentre os quais o conimbricense João dos Santos Couceiro fundador da “Rabeca de Ouro”, que chegou à cidade em 1871. Durante toda a sua vida profissional Couceiro participou de mostras nacionais e internacionais, aspectos destacados neste texto. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_29_5
CURRENT STATUS OF MYSID TAXONOMYIN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Authors: Sawamoto Shozo
Published: July 2016

This paper reviews the current status of mysid taxonomy in Southeast Asia, encompassing the South China Sea as far north as Hong Kong, the Andaman Sea, the Philippines, and the Indonesian seas as far south as the northern Australian waters. According to the 188 scientific papers published before 2013, 23 species in five genera of the Order Lophogastrida and 207 species in 63 genera of the Order Mysida have been recorded from these waters. This amounts to about 20 % of the recent species of these orders so far reported in the world. The occurrence recordsof these species were summarized in a table and a figure. On the basis of this body of information, it is suggested that there is an urgent need for research to improve our understanding of the biodiversity of mysids in this region.
SEASONAL CHANGE IN THE DIEL PATTERN OF THE PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA POPULATION IN THE CISADANE RIVER ESTUARY: RESPONSE TO THE CHANGES IN THE WATERâ€™S PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Rachman Arief , Thoha Hikmah
Published: July 2016

Seasonal changes of Pseudo-nitzschia diel dynamics in an estuarine ecosystem have been known to be regulated by salinity, water temperature and nutrient dynamics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of these physical-chemical factors on the diel pattern of the Pseudo-nitzschia population in the Cisadane River estuary.Plankton samples were collected from a diel station at two different periods, in the dry season (May-June) and thewet season (September). Plankton samplings were done in a 24 hour period with 3 hourly sampling intervals. The result showed a higher abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia in the dark-period during the dry season, while during the wet season the abundance was higher in the light-period. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations were suggested as important factors in facilitating Pseudo-nitzschia maxima. The low abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia in the estuarycould be due to the relatively low N:P ratio (<10). The results showed that the Cisadane River estuary was strongly influenced by seawater during the night and by freshwater during day. The GLM analysis suggested that there were changes in the species omposition of the Pseudo-nitzschia population in the ecosystem. The oligohaline species was found to be abundant in the dry season, the maxima occurred at night, which is probably related to a highermarine influence in the ecosystem. Conversely the polyhaline species was abundant in the wet season, with the maxima occurring during daylight, which might be related to a stronger freshwater influence in the ecosystem.
SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE SENSORS FOR MAPPING CORAL REEFS IN INDONESIA CASE STUDY: WAKATOBI MARINE NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Adji Arif Seno
Published: July 2016

Providing accurate information on suitable multispectral satellite sensors for mapping coral reefs in Indonesia is a challenge for coastal remote-sensing experts. As coral reefs vary in spatial extent, shape, length, perimeter and/or distance to shore, the mapping of coral reefs will need different satellite sensors depending on the objectivesÂ and the kind of information required. This work compares the suitability of two kinds of multispectral satelliteÂ sensors for mapping coral reefs in Indonesia, high and moderate spatial resolution. This was done through a caseÂ study of Wakatobi Marine National Park since that represents many types of coral reef in Indonesia (fringing,Â barrier, atoll, and patch). Indonesian coral reef shapefile data 2010 was downloaded from UNEP (United NationsÂ Environment Programme) website, and Landsat 7 ETM + images, path/row 112/064 was used to determine theÂ terrestrial area of Wakatobi Islands. Both high and moderate spatial resolution sensors are suitable for mapping theÂ benthic communities and geomorphic zones on coral reefs. The former are more accurate but they are also muchÂ less cost-effective, especially over large areas.
UTILIZATION OF ALGINATE AS AN ENCAPSULATION MODEL OF COCONUT SHELL LIQUID SMOKE
Authors: Novianty Hilda , Darmadji Purnama , Pranoto Yudi , Suharwadji -
Published: July 2016

Alginate extracted from brown seaweed has gelling properties that make it useful as a wall material in encapsulation systems. Liquid smoke contains the active substances, such as phenols, which can preserve food. In order to protect the active substances, liquid smoke is encapsulated by using alginate and maltodextrin. The purpose of this study was to investigate liquid smoke encapsulation technology with maltodextrin and alginate using a spray dryer, to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid smoke. The microcapsules of liquid smoke were made, using a spray dryer SD 04, by encapsulating liquid smoke with two types of wall materials, maltodextrin and the combination of alginate- maltodextrin. The ratio of liquid smoke to total solids (wall materials) was 9:1 (v/w). The alginate concentration used was 0.5 to 2% (w/v). Parameters observed in this study were phenol release, shape and morphology, encapsulant efficiency, drying yield, phenol marker and, particle size. This study used a completely randomized design with three replications. The best treatment was obtained by using the alginate with a concentration of 1% (w/v) and maltodextrin of 9% (w/v) with phenol release of 2.52% (w/w) in the 20 minute of release, encapsulant efficiency of 45.13% and drying yield of 28.74%. The particle size analyzer results showed that the particles were agglomerating. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation illustrated that all treatments have a better capsule morphology than the controls, whereas Optilab image processing and analysis software results showed that phenolic compounds are encapsulated by wall materials used.
REARING OF JUVENILE DONKEY-EAR ABALONE (Haliotis asinina) IN FLOW-THROUGH TANKS WITH THE ADDITION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES
Authors: Setyono Dwi Eny Djoko
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the effects of the addition of coral rubble and polyvinylchloride (PVC) guttering as substrates on the growth of donkey-ear abalone (Haliotis asinina) reared in a flow-through water system. The tanks were100 cm long x 50 cm wide x 40 cm deep, filled with sea water up to 30 cm high. Hatchery-produced abalone with a mean initial shell length of 30.9 ± 0.1 mm and wet weight of 5.5 ± 0.1 g were stocked at 25 individuals/tankthat corresponded to stocking densities of ca. 50 abalone/m2 of the bottom area of the tank. Juvenile abalonewere provided with an excess red seaweed Gracilaria spp daily over 175 days. The results show that growth and growth rates in shell length and wet body weight were not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05). Survival rates of juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of coral rubble and/or PVC guttering were 100%, but 98% for juveniles in the tank without the addition of substrate. The average daily growth rates of shell length and wet body weight were 0.087+0.037 mm and 0.088+0.044 g for juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of coral rubble; 0.081+0.030 mm and 0.077+0.032 g for juveniles reared in the tank with the addition of PVC guttering; and 0.082+0.032 mm and 0.078+0.039 g for juveniles reared in tank without addition of substrates.
CONSERVATION STATUS OF AMORPHOPHALLUS DISCOPHORUS BACKER & ALDERW. (ARACEAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Yuzammi Yuzammi
Published: July 2016

Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. is one of the Javan endemic aroid species. This species is locally endemic to the slopes of Mount Wilis in Kediri Regency (East Java) at elevations between 600-1300 m. Poorly known species like A. discophorus could easily become extinct if not distinguished from other species, such as A. muelleri, that are used for commercial purposes. The conversion of natural forests for agriculture over the last decade has resulted in a loss of suitable habitat for this species. Several field trips undertaken to locate natural populations of this species have proved unsuccessful. Based on these field exercises, A. discophorus is regarded as presumed extinct in the wild.
BEHIND THE SACRED TREE: LOCAL PEOPLE AND THEIR NATURAL RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Royyani Mohammad , Rahajoe Joeni
Published: July 2016

Local communities have their own means of maintaining their traditional know-ledge and sustaining the production system of natural resources by designating the resources as sacred. Without the state's influence, local people have their own strategies to conserve the environment and resources, in ways which are more effective than those enforced by the state. A study done through interview, participatory observation, and ethnographic methods revealed that local people recognized two models of natural resources conservation. The first model is the designation of forests as sacred site, aiming at maintaining the sustainability of ecosystem and the second model refers to adoption of species as a sacred entity to sustain production system. Dynamic processes are operating in the sacredness of both forest and species.
NEPENTHES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN FIVE HABITATS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Authors: Latiff Nurul Amal , Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria , Metali Faizah
Published: July 2016

LATIFF, N. A., SUKRI, R. S., & METALI, F. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habitats in Brunei Darussalam. Reinwardtia 14(1):  67 – 71. -- The genus Nepenthes is known to be diverse in Bornean forests and has been recorded in Brunei Darussalam in various forest types. We aim to investigate variation in Nepenthes species richness and abundance at five forest types throughout Brunei Darussalam: open secondary, heath, peat swamp, white sand and mixed dipterocarp forests. A total of thirty-nine 5 x 5 m2 plots were set up in these forest types. Within each plot, Nepenthes species abundance was quantified, with Nepenthes voucher specimens collected and identified to determine species richness. No significant differences were detected either for Nepenthes species richness or abundance between the five forest types, despite records of Nepenthes in Brunei showing preferences for particular habitat types. We suggest that average species richness and abundance remained constant regardless of forest types in this study, but that these results would likely change if sampling intensity is increased in future studies.
ON THE EVOLUTION OF DIPODIUM R. BR.
Authors: O'byrne Peter
Published: July 2016

Dipodium R. Br. (Orchidaceae), a genus of ca. 38 species, should be divided into an Australasian clade and a Malesian clade, based on morphological and geographic evidences. Dipodium section Dipodium and section Leopardanthus (Blume) O. Kuntze are re-defined to accommodate this change. An evolutionary scenario that explains this division is proposed. The lack of diversity of floral structure in the genus is probably caused by pollinator-specificity, while the diversity of plant form may be due to long-term environmental factors. An evolutionary explanation is suggested for the complex between Dipodium fevrellii J. J. Sm. and the hybrid D. pandanum Bailey in New Guinea. The complex in Java involving D. pictum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. and D. scandens (Bl.) J. J.Sm. is discussed, and the presence of a hybrid noted.In Borneo, the complex taxonomic situation caused by repeated inter-breeding of populations is noted.
NEW CYTOTYPES OF PTERIS ENSIFORMIS VAR. VICTORIAE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Efendi Muhammad , Chikmawati Tatik , Darnaedi Dedy
Published: July 2016

New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoriae and one cytotype of var. ensiformis are recorded from Indonesia: var. victoriae with 2n=58 (sexual diploid) from Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and 2n=87 (triploid) from Lombok Island and Bogor, West Java; and var. ensiformis with 2n=116 (sexual tetraploid). The diploid is smaller than the triploid in plant size. Results indicate a cytological variation in var. victoriae, like in var. ensiformis.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE HEART OF BORNEO (HoB) INITIATIVE TOWARDS BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN SABAH, MALAYSIA
Authors: Sabran Suzana , Nilus Reuben , Pereira Joan T. , Sugau Joan Baptist , Kugan Frederick
Published: July 2016

The Heart of Borneo (HoB) declaration is a conservation agreement initiated by WWF and signed by three countries, i.e., Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia in Bali, Indonesia on 12th February 2007 to protect more than 23 million hectares of forested region on Borneo Island. These forested areas could be well protected when conservation management plan is in place. One of the crucial activities to facilitate the planning and formulation of conservation plan is to conduct scientific expeditions that include botanical exploration. The primary objective of the expedition is to identify the key conservation targets within the forest reserves. For the past five years, several expeditions have been conducted by the Sabah Forestry Department under the auspices of the HoB project to explore various forest reserves with conservation issues within the Heart of Borneo area. This paper will present the findings which include plant richness, endemism and plant conservation status in each forest reserves that has been explored.
FLORISTIC STUDY OF MEKONGGA PROTECTED FOREST: TOWARDS ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MEKONGGA NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Widjaja Elizabeth Anita , Potter Daniel
Published: July 2016

Mekongga is one of the highest mountains in Southeast Sulawesi. The Mekongga region was declared as protected forest in 1994, after logging had been done in this area. A floristic study of this forest was conducted from 2009 through 2011 by visiting the area twice a year, once each during the dry and wet seasons, and collecting specimens from the flowering and fruiting plants. Other species were also recorded, but most of them cannot be identified because the plants were too young or were not in flower or fruit at the time of collection.  Specimens of 855 species in 155 families were collected, of which 5% (44 species) are endemic to Sulawesi and 11% (91 species) are introduced species from China, South America, India, or even Madagascar.  In addition, new records for Sulawesi were collected from Mekongga for species originally recorded from Java (50 species), Malaysia (35 species), the Philippines (28 species), New Guinea (14 species), Sumatera (13 species), Borneo (11 species), Moluccas (4 species), and the Lesser Sunda Islands (3 species). Based on these data, it seems that species have mostly migrated to Mekongga from Java, then from Malaysia and the Philippines. More than 10 new species are proposed from this area, including a bamboo (Poaceae) and members of the families Orchidaceae, Gesneriaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, and Araliaceae. Further study of the floristic account will be done, which can be used as baseline data in support of an important proposal to designate the Mekongga area as a national park.
COMPARATIVE LEAVES ANATOMY OF PANDANUS, FREYCINETIA AND SARARANGA (PANDANACEAE) AND THEIR DIAGNOSTIC VALUE
Authors: Santika Yessi , Tihurua Eka Fatmawati , Triono Teguh
Published: July 2016

Study in leaves anatomy of twenty nine samples of the species classified under Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga of Pandanaceae had been undertaken to unravel generic relationship among of these taxa with a view to provide a set of diagnostic characters for taxonomic identification. The fourth genus of Pandanaceae, Benstonea is not included in this analysis since there are no representative samples. Four anatomical diagnostic characters had been identified at the generic level such as present and absent of papillae, stomatal arrangement types, present and absent of bundle sheath extension and hypodermal thickness and its shape. Pandanus has papillae, amphistomatous stomata, bundle sheath extension present and hypodermis thin and rectangular; Freycinetia lacked of papillae, stomata hypostomatous or amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent and hypodermis thick and hexagonal or rounded; meanwhile Sararanga has no papillae, stomata amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent and hypodermis thin and flatten. An identification key to those genera based on anatomical diagnostic characters is provided.
FLORISTIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGROVE FOREST OF RAJA AMPAT, WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA
Authors: Prawiroatmodjo Suhardjono , Kartawinata Kuswata
Published: July 2016

We studied  the floristic compostion and structure of mangrove forests and mangrove species distribution at the Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua  We sampled the forests using (10x10 m) quadrats to record trees and saplings  laid out contiguously along 9 transects of 60 – 450 m long,  stretching perpendicularly from the coastlines or riverbanks to the landward borders. Seedlings were sampled using a 1x1 m subplot nested in each quadrat.  The transects were established on the islands of  Batanta (6), Salawati  (2). and Waigeo (1).  Within quadrats and transects we recorded 17 mangrove species of trees with density of 768 stems/ha and basal area of  37.82 m2/ha and tree height of  10 – 30 m.   Two species possessed  the highest importance value  (IV) , frequency, density and basal area  i.e. Rhizophora apiculata (IV=168.06 %) and  Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (IV=67.18).  They also showed the highest similarity in their distribution,  indicating highest degree of association.  The mangrove at Raja Ampat may, therefore,  be designated as the Rhizophora apiculata-Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Association. Other species with highest degree of distributional similarities but with low densities, basal areas and importance values were Barringtonia racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Inocarpus fagifera,  Lumnitzera littorea and Sterculia shillinglawii,  of which four of them are not  true mangrove species, usually growing on less saline and more solid soils. The floristic composition of the transects in the three islands showed relatively high similarities of about 70 % and at higher similarities the transects in Batanta Island formed four groups, Salawati Island two groups and Waigeo Island one group.The Bray-Curtis polar ordination  resulted in four groups  of transects, which were related to the habitat  conditions and the length of the transects. Species diversity in the islands was very low, where the  Shannon diversity index  ranged  from  0.19 to 0.64 giving  the average  of 0.42. Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza  were gregenerating well and in the future they will remain dominant.  The mangrove forests of the Raja Ampat Islands by any means should be maintained as green belts and  protected from all kinds of destruction and should be made into conservation areas in order to sustain its ability to provide ecological services  and non-destructive economic benefits.
TAXONOMIC REVISION OF ASIAN GENUS GLYPTOPETALUM THWAITES (CELASTRACEAE R. BR.)
Authors: Savinov Ivan A.
Published: July 2016

Taxonomic survey of Asian genus Glyptopetalum Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.) is presented. Thirty five species taxa of Glyptopetalum are accepted, including one new species, G. vidalii I. Savinov (Laos, Thailand), a new record for China, G. tonkinense Pitard (SE Yunnan) and a new record for Cambodia, G. quadrangulare Prain ex King, a new record for Indonesia - G. euonymoides Merr. and a new record for Philippines, Mindanao island - G. loheri Merr.
LEAF ANATOMY OF PANDANUS SPP. (PANDANACEAE) FROM SEBANGAU AND BUKIT BAKA-BUKIT RAYA NATIONAL PARK, KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Tihurua Eka Fatmawati , Erlinawati Ina
Published: July 2016

Cross sections of leaves of Pandanus spp. showed that their leaf anatomy is similar, whilst paradermal sections indicated that crystal numbers differ. Variation was found in the anticlinal epidermal cell walls, stomata, hypodermis, sclerenchyma, mesophyll and crystals, as discussed in this paper.
DIVERSITY OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) IN BORNEO â€“ HOW MANY SPECIES ARE THERE?
Authors: Sang Julia , Kiew Ruth
Published: July 2016

A total of 126 species are currently named and described from Borneo (Brunei - 16 species, Kalimantan – 5 species, Sabah – 41 species and Sarawak – 72 species). However, based on our survey of the begonia collection in the Sarawak Herbarium, the un-named taxa (about 110 species) significantly outnumber the 72-named species. The situation is probably the same for Sabah, so with many more new species than the 41 named ones at a conservative estimate the Sabah begonia flora can be expected to exceed 100 species. For Kalimantan (5 named species), the total number of un-named species is likely to be even higher considering that Kalimantan occupies a  larger land area, its begonia-rich mountains and limestone areas are hardly collected, and the begonia flora has hardly been studied at all. We can therefore expect the begonia flora of Borneo to exceed 600 species. In view of the high level of narrow endemism (80% of species are known from a single locality), expeditions to unexplored areas are necessary to document, in particular, areas that are experiencing irreversible land-use change. Alpha-taxonomy on a large scale is needed to tackle the backlog of literally hundreds of new undescribed species.
A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF FOUR PALM SPECIES: ARENGA AUSTRALASICA, CALAMUS AUSTRALIS, HYDRI- ASTELE WENDLANDIANA AND LICUALA RAMSAYI
Authors: Latifah Dian , Congdon Robert A. , Holtum Joseph A.
Published: July 2016

Palms (Arecaceae) are an important component of many tropical rainforests. Many have also been cultivated widely for agricultural commodities with high economic value. They are also important components in rehabilitation of disturbed or marginal lands. Knowledge and application of germination strategies are essential in the cultivation of palms. Many species have seeds that do not germinate readily, even when light conditions are favourable. This research determined the effects of seed coats, light and temperature on germination of Arenga australasica (H. Wendl. & Drude) S. T. Blake ex H. E. Moore, Calamus australis Mart., Hydriastele wendlandiana (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude and Licuala ramsayi var. tuckeri Barford & Dowe. We examined physical treatments to promote germination or break dormancy, as well as different light and temperature conditions. The results showed that the hard seed coats of the four species slowed imbibition. Scarified seeds germinated best for A. australasica, C. australis and L. ramsayi. The germination of all seeds was inhibited by far red light. The red light requirement suggests that these species prefer to colonise open areas. This implies that dispersal agents, canopy gaps and forest margins may play important roles in promoting regeneration as well as conservation of these palm species.
Quality of life in children with cancer and their normal siblings
Authors: Hilda Hilda , Lubis Bidasari , Hakimi Hakimi , Siregar Olga Rasiyanti
Published: July 2016

Background Cancer treatment in children influences the quality of life of patients and their families. The Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) inventory is a questionnaire to assess quality of life of the healthy and ill children. Objective To compare quality of life in children with cancer and their normal siblings, and to compare quality of life in those with hematologic malignancies to those with solid tumors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5-to-18- year-olds at the Hematology-Oncology Division at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, from May to July 2012. The case group (subjects with cancer) filled the PedsQL 3.0 and 4.0 questionnaires, while the control group (normal siblings) filled only the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire. Independent T-test was used to compare the quality of life between children with cancer and their normal siblings. Results There were 46 children in each group. The PedsQL 4.0 results in children with cancer and their normal siblings, and PedsQL 3.0 between hematology malignant and solid cancer were as follows: physical function 36.9 vs. 80.7, respectively (95%CI of differences -52.639 to -34.990; P= 0.0001), emotional function 40.4 vs. 69.3, respectively (95%CI of differences -35.912 to -21.914; P=0.0001), social function 71.5 vs. 93.9, respectively (95%CI of differences - 29.238 to -15.587; P=0.0001), school function 20.7 vs. 74.2, respectively (95%CI of differences - 62.124 to -44.832; P=0.0001), and total score 42.1 vs. 79.3, respectively (95%CI of differences - 43.066 to -31.344; P=0.0001). School function was the most affected parameter in children with cancer compared to their normal siblings. Conclusion There is a significant difference in quality of life between children with cancer and their normal siblings, for all four parameters examined by the PedsQL inventory. However, there are no significant differences in quality of life between children with hematologic malignancy and those with solid cancer.
The role of exclusive breastfeeding in prevention of childhood epilepsy
Authors: Kurniadi Alexander , Herini Elisabeth Siti , Damayanti Wahyu
Published: July 2016

Background Epilepsy affects 1% of children worldwide. The highest incidence is in the first year of life, and perinatal factors, such as hypoxic-ischemic injury, infection, and cortical malformation may play etiologic roles. Breast milk contains optimal nutrients for human brain in early life. Breastfeeding has been associated with lower risk of infections, better cognitive and psychomotor development. However, the role of breastfeeding in preventing childhood epilepsy remains unclear. Objective To evaluate an association between exclusive breastfeeding and childhood epilepsy. Methods A case-control study conducted from 1 May to 3 July 2013 involving children with epilepsy aged 6 months to 18 years who were attending pediatric outpatient clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Neurologically normal children, individually matched by age and sex, visiting the same clinic were considered as controls. Exclusion criteria were children with structural brain abnormality, history of epilepsy in family, and who had history of neonatal seizure, intracranial infection, febrile seizure, and head trauma before onset of epilepsy. History of breastfeeding was obtained by interviewing the parents. The difference of exclusively breastfeeding proportion between cases and controls was analyzed by McNemar test. Results The total number of participants was 68 cases and controls each. Subjects with epilepsy had lower proportion of exclusively breastfed (48.5%) compared with controls (54.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.541). Exclusively breastfeeding showed no statistical significance in decreasing risk of epilepsy (OR=0.71; 95%CI 0.32 to 1.61). Conclusions Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months has no effect against childhood epilepsy.
Comparison of the quality of life in cerebral palsy children with physical therapy more and less than 10 months
Authors: Anggreany Dewi , Saing Johannes Harlan , Deliana Melda , Dimyati Yazid
Published: July 2016

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of severe physical disability in childhood. These limitations may cause lower level experience or quality of life (QoL). Physical therapy (PT) plays a central role in managing CP. Objective To compare QoL in CP children with PT more and less than 10 months and to compare gross motoric level before and after PT. Methods A cross sectional study was performed from June 2012 to March 2013 in Medan. Eligible population were four to twelve year old CP children who received PT. Subjects were divided into 2 group, group I was CP children with PT more than 10 months, group II was CP children with PT less than 10 months. Parents were asked to fill CP QOL questionnaires. To evaluate motor impairment level we used gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) that classified the motoric impairment into 5 levels. Data was analyzed by using independent T-test and MannWhitney U test with 95% confidence interval. Results There were 60 CP children divided into 2 groups of 30 children. The mean duration of PT in group I was 35.7 (SD 19.37) months and group II was 4.2 (SD 3.13) months. Gross motoric level in both group increased from GMFCS IV to GMFCS II in group I (P=0.0001) and from GMFCS IV to GMFCS III (P=0.002) in group II. The mean total CP QoL scores in group I and II were 79.63 (SD 5.73) and 47.71 (SD 6.85), respectively (P=0.0001). Conclusions Cerebral palsy children who received more than 10 months PT have higher QoL than children with less than 10 months PT. There was significant gross motor improvement after PT in both groups.
Exclusive breastfeeding rate and factors associated with infant feeding practices in Indonesia
Authors: Ananta Yovita , Gandaputra Ellen , Waiman Elina , Partiwi I Gusti Ayu Nyoman , Marzuki Nanis Sacharina , Yohmi Elizabeth , Panjaitan Eveline , Oswari Hanifah , Hegar Badriul
Published: July 2016

Background Breast milk is the ideal food for infants. According to the 2007 Indonesian National Household Health Survey, only 23% of mothers exclusively breastfeed for six months.Objectives To determine the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia, to evaluate factors associated with infant feeding practices, and to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively-breastfed and formula-fed infants.Methods A survey was conducted in hospitals located in 17 provinces in Indonesia. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was calculated. Many variables were investigated as potential predictors for exclusive breastfeeding using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Further analysis was performed to compare the nutritional and developmental status between exclusively breastfed and formula-fed infants at the time of survey.Results From 1,804 infant subjects, the overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 46.3%, ranging from 10.5% in East Java to 66.9% in Jambi. Predominant breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and formula feeding rates were 14.3%, 8.6%, and 30.7%, respectively. Maternal unemployment was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding (P=0.000). There were significantly more formula-fed infants who were undernourished compared to exclusively-breastfed infants (14% vs. 8%, P=0.001). There were also significantly more infants in the formula-fed group who had abnormal head circumference compared to those in the exclusively-breastfed group (9% vs. 6%, P=0.031). Child development, as assessed by the Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire, was similar between the two groups (P=0.996).Conclusion The overall rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is 46.3%. Maternal unemployment is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfed infants have significant better growth and head circumference compared to formula fed infants, while the development is similar between the two groups.
Prognostic factors at birth for stunting at 24 months of age in rural Indonesia
Authors: Prawirohartono Endy , Nurdiati Detty , Hakimi Mohammad
Published: July 2016

Background The problems of stunting are its high prevalence as well as the complexity of its risk factors. Identifying the modifiable prognostic factors at birth may reduce the shortterm as well as longterm effects of stunting in later life.Objective To estimate the influence of prognostic factors detected at birth for stunting at 24 months of age and the occurence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age among children in a rural area of Indonesia.Methods Subjects (n=343) were born to mothers participating in a randomized controlled, double-blind, community-based study of vitamin A and/or zinc supplementation during pregnancy and followed from June 1998 to October 2000. The children were followed prospectively from birth until 2 years of age with monthly measurements of length from birth to 12 months, and again at 18 and 24 months. Data on potential prognostic factors detected at birth, i.e., maternal, child, and household facilities, were collected by trained field workers at home visits. The incidence and risk ratio were calculated to assess the influence of the possible prognostic factors detected at birth on stunting at 24 months of age among these children.Results Boys who were born prematurely had significantly higher risk of stunting at 24 months of age compared to girls born maturely. The incidences of stunting at 24 months of age according to gender, and gestational age were 33.9% boys vs. 22.5% girls (RR 1.80; 95%CI 1.06 to 3.09), and 33.3% premature vs. 27.6% mature (RR 7.11; 95%CI 2.07 to 24.48), respectively.Conclusion Boys who were born prematurely have significantly higher risk to become stunted at 24 months of age. The occurrence of reversal of stunting at 24 months of age is low.
The factors affecting beach handball players’ in Turkey starting sport and their future expectations
Türkiye’deki plaj hentbolu sporcularının spora başlamasına etki eden unsurlar ve spordan gelecek beklentileri
Authors: Zorba Ercan , Göksel Ali Gürel
Published: July 2016

The aim of this research is to determine the personal variables, reasons for selecting and competing in this field and expectations of beach handball players in Turkey. According to the data of the questionnaire, the coherent reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated as .7826. The relationship between the reasons for their choosing and playing this sport and their expectations were analyzed in terms of the gender, age, education department, sport age, monthly family income and hometown experience variables by considering percentage and frequency parameters by using t-test and one-way analysis of variance for p<0.05. The findings of the research show determine the personal variables, reasons for selecting and competing in this field and expectations of beach handball players’ gender, age, education department, sport age, monthly family income, hometown and parental education status variables were not cause statistically significant relationship and it was determined that there was statistically significant differences between the reasons for selecting and competing in this field and expectations points of beach handball players according to the parental education status (p>0,05). ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki plaj hentbolu sporcularının kişisel değişkenleri, bu spor branşına yönelme nedenleri, bu branşla uğraşma nedenleri ve bu spordan gelecek beklentilerinin belirlenmesidir. Anketten elde edilen verilere dayalı olarak anketin iç tutarlılık güvenilirlik katsayısı .7826 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, yüzde ve frekans değerleri alınarak cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim aldığı bölüme, spor yapma yılına, aylık aile geliri, yetiştiği yer ve anne-baba eğitim durumu değişkenleri ile bu spor branşına yönelme nedenleri, uğraşma nedenleri ve bu spordan gelecek beklentileri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için t- testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmış ve p<0.05 düzeyinde anlamlılık aranmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları; plaj hentbolu sporcularının kişisel değişkenleri, bu spor branşına yönelme nedenleri, bu branşla uğraşma nedenleri ve bu spordan gelecek beklentilerinin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim aldığı bölüme, spor yapma yılına, aylık aile geliri, yetiştiği yer değişkenleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Katılımcıların sporla uğraşma nedenleri ve spordan gelecek beklentileri puanları incelendiğinde anne-baba eğitim durumu değişkeni bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. (p<0.05).