bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dental Implants in a Saudi Population
Authors: Al-Safadi Rahaf , Al-Safadi Riham , Al-Safadi Reef , Al-Abduljabbar Zahra , Al-Ghuneem Reem , Al-Kharisi Afnan , Al-Musa Zhra , Al-Honazil Maha , Al-Ajlan Sarah
Published: February 2020

Aim: The primary aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of dental implants in a Saudi population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The secondary objective was to describe the status of the health insurance covering dental implants in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: 1831 Saudi patients aged ≥18 years with at least one missing permanent tooth and residing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were randomly selected and clinically examined for implant prostheses types (single-tooth implant, implant-supported long or short span conventional fixed bridge, implant over denture). Radiographs were used too. The health insurance covering dental implants was detected. The data obtained including age, gender, systemic disease, and tobacco smoking were documented in a patient examination form then statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Test or Fisher-Freeman-Halton Test and U-Test.

Results: The prevalence of dental implants among adults missing at least one tooth was 12.7%. Of those 12.7%, the majority of patients had 2-4 implants (5.4%). The majority of patients who had one implant were in the age group <40 years; patients who had >8 implants were seen in the age group ≥60. In addition, the prevalence of implant prostheses types was as the following: Single-tooth implant 75.5%, followed by implant-supported short span fixed bridge 17.1%, implant over denture 3.9%, and implant-supported long span fixed bridge 3.5%. The majority of patients treated with single-tooth implant were in the age group <40 years. There was an insignificant difference in the median number of dental implants between males and females p>0.05.

Conclusion: The majority of patients were treated with single-tooth implant. Health insurance policy doesn’t cover the cost of dental implants in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Implant, Prevalence, Prostheses/Prosthesis, Type, Patient
Atención del parto con feto en presentación pelviana: revisión de la semiología, el mecanismo y la atención del parto
Authors: Grillo-Ardila Carlos Fernando , Bautista-Charry Alejandro Antonio , Diosa-Restrepo Mariana
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: revisar los conceptos que subyacen al trabajo de parto con feto en presentación pelviana, su semiología y las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un resultado materno perinatal exitoso. Materiales y métodos: a partir de un caso hipotético que ambienta de manera práctica el tema, se crea un documento explicativo construido a partir de una revisión narrativa, en donde se examinan los preceptos relacionados con el diagnóstico, el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana y el manejo intraparto de la gestante, con énfasis en la adecuada ejecución de las maniobras que facilitan la extracción fetal. Resultados: el parto en presentación pelviana debe ser atendido por vía vaginal cuando se encuentra en periodo expulsivo con un encajamiento cumplido. Para su diagnóstico y atención es esencial hacer una adecuada identificación de la presentación, así como conocer su fisiología, la indicación y adecuada ejecución de las maniobras obstétricas que facilitan un parto sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: el mecanismo del parto en presentación pelviana es complejo y requiere, cuando no hay otra alternativa para la atención, que tanto el obstetra como el médico general conozcan su fisiología y las múltiples maniobras obstétricas que facilitan obtener buen resultado materno perinatal.
Manejo conservador en una paciente con embarazo ectópico cervical en Nariño, Colombia: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Bolaños-Bravo Henry Hernán , Ricaurte-Fajardo Andrés , Zarama-Márquez Fabio , Ricaurte-Sossa Andrés , Fajardo-Rivera Ruth , Chicaiza-Maya Ruben , Guerrero-Mejía Carlos Andrés
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: reportar el caso de un embarazo cervical (EC) que recibió manejo conservador exitoso y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico conservador. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente con embarazo cervical, quien recibió manejo farmacológico con metotrexate (MTX) y posterior legrado con evolución clínica satisfactoria. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en Medline vía PubMed, LILACS, SciElo y Google académico con los términos: “cervical ectopic pregnancy”, “conservative treatment”, “curettage”, “methotrexate”, “uterine artery embolization” “hysteroscopy”. Se seleccionaron reportes y series de caso, pacientes con embarazo cervical diagnosticado por ultrasonido, de cualquier edad gestacional, sometidas tratamiento médico o quirúrgico conservador. Resultados: se incluyeron 22 estudios; se identificaron 95 pacientes con EC tratados con MTX, con tratamiento exitoso en 93. La complicación más frecuente fue la hemorragia en 12 %; el 26 % requirió tratamiento quirúrgico complementario. Cada vez más, la embolización de arterias uterinas (EAU) se realiza de manera preventiva (7 casos) antes del legrado o del tratamiento con MTX. La histeroscopia es otra alternativa reciente (20 casos). En 2 casos se requirió histerectomía abdominal, uno de los cuales fue un embarazo ístmico cervical. Conclusiones: el tratamiento con MTX sigue siendo el más frecuentemente utilizado. La dilatación y el curetaje con taponamiento endocervical puede ser una opción por considerar en el manejo de urgencia del EC en instituciones de atención primaria. En instituciones donde se dispone de tecnologías de alta complejidad, la embolización de arterias uterinas previa a los procedimientos quirúrgicos y la histeroscopia son opciones que se deben considerar. Dado que actualmente es posible el diagnóstico temprano del EC, se requieren estudios multicéntricos que comparen las diferentes alternativas de manejo para una mejor evaluación de su seguridad y efectividad.
Aplicación del Sistema de Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades para la Mortalidad Perinatal CIE-MP a partir de registros vitales para clasificar las muertes perinatales en Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Zuleta-Tobón John Jairo , Salazar-Barrientos Mary
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: describir la mortalidad perinatal del departamento de Antioquia según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades CIE-MP de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y evaluar la factibilidad de aplicar el sistema de clasificación a partir los registros vitales oficiales. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de las causas de muerte perinatal según el momento del fallecimiento con respecto al parto y las condiciones maternas asociadas. La fuente primaria fue la base de datos oficial de estadísticas vitales entre los años 2013 y 2016. Se midieron: la edad materna, la edad gestacional, el peso al momento del parto, el área de residencia, el tipo de parto, las causas de muerte (directas, asociadas) y otros estados patológicos. Se hace análisis descriptivo, se presenta el número absoluto y el porcentaje de las causas distribuidas según el momento de ocurrencia de la muerte con respecto al parto y el peso al nacer. Resultados: de 3901 muertes perinatales ocurridas en fetos con 22 semanas o más, o mínimo 500 g de peso y hasta los 28 días de vida, 1404 (36,0 %) se presentaron antes del parto, 378 (9,7 %) en el intraparto, 1760 (45,1 %) en el periodo neonatal y 359 (9,2 %) casos no contaban con información del momento del fallecimiento con relación al parto. Las principales causas de muerte de los recién nacidos de 1000 o más g fueron las malformaciones congénitas, las deformidades y las anormalidades cromosómicas (30,2 %); la hipoxia anteparto e intraparto (29,3 %) y la infección (12,3 %). En el 69,5 % no se identificaron causas maternas asociadas, y en las identificadas, la más frecuente fue la complicación de placenta, cordón y membranas (16,8 %). Conclusión: el CIE-MP es un sistema de clasificación aplicable globalmente a partir de los registros vitales, que permitió caracterizar la mortalidad perinatal del departamento.
Relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 with the development of fatal and non-fatal complications in patients with essential hypertension during mid-term follow-up
Authors: Polupanov A. G. , Zalova T. B. , Rysmatova F. T. , Duishenalieva M. T. , Romanova T. A. , Dzhumagulova A. S.
Published: February 2020

Objective. To study the association of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) with the development of fatal and non-fatal complications in patients with essential hypertension (EHTN) in the process of mid-term follow-up.

Design and methods. 90 patients with EHTN aged 40 to 75 years (average age 56,4 ± 8,1 years) were observed, including 47 women and 43 men. The follow-up period ranged from 20 to 26 months (median observation — 24 months). At baseline, we assessed height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and heart rate, fasting glucose, serum creatinine with the estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI, lipid profile, serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests (“CITOKIN — STIMUL — BEST”, Novosibirsk, Russia).

Results. A cumulative decrease in the proportion of patients with EHTN without development of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular complications at follow-up was 70,73 %. When analyzing the associations between cytokines and the development of fatal and non-fatal complications in EHTN patients at term follow-up, we found no difference in TNF-α levels in EHTN patients who reached the end-point and patients without complications (8,31 ± 0,97 vs 8,37 ± 1,33 pg/ml, respectively, p > 0,05), while IL-10 level was higher in patients without complications compared to n patients with complicated EHTN (15,9 ± 3,3 vs 13,5 ± 2,3 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0,01). Logistic regression analysis showed that only systolic blood pressure was an independent risk factor associated with the development of EHTN complications during mid-term follow-up: hazard ratio (HR) — 1,03; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1,00-1,05. In addition, an increase in IL-10 level was an independent anti-risk factor associated with a significant 25 % reduction in the risk of EHTN complications (HR 0,75; 95 % CI 0,57-0,99).

Conclusions. An increased IL-10 concentration was an independent anti-risk factor for the complicated EHTN during mid-term follow-up associated with a 25 % reduction in the risk of fatal and non-fatal complications. At the same time, we did not find the association of the TNF-α level with prognosis in EHTN patients during mid-term follow-up.
РЕСУРСЫ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ ПОДХОДОВ В СФЕРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ
Authors: Гаськова Марина Ивановна
Published: February 2020

Актуальность исследования связана с тем, что интегральная теория и интегральное образование являются новыми направлениями, разрабатывающимися в последние десятилетия. По этой причине в целом отмечается разобщённость исследователей, причём российские учёные, работающие в данной сфере, чаще всего неизвестны на Западе. Значимость статьи заключается в попытке преодоления фрагментарности знания, – как научного знания, сформированного мировоззрением классической науки, так и современной системы образования, дисциплинарной раздробленности, которая не способствует не только формированию целостной картины, но и гармоничному развитию здорового человека. Цель – обобщить и проанализировать основные подходы в сфере интегрального образования, существующие на данный момент в мире. Были использованы методы анализа, синтеза, классификации, сравни­тельного исследования. В результате была представлена «карта», систематизирующая основные подходы (разрабатываемые как отдельными исследователями, так и организациями) в мире, выделены ключевые черты, сильные и слабые стороны, главные истоки в развитии подходов, затронуты аспекты методов преподавания и методологии. Выводы. Интегральное образование затрагивает глубинные, сущностные основы в понимании процесса обучения. Оно способствует пересмотру главной идеи, составляющей содержание традиционного образования, условно выражаясь – «от информации к трансформации», т. е. от формального «перекачивания» информации из головы преподавателя в голову обучающегося к созданию условия для трансформации человека во всей его целостности. Студент больше не видится пассивным «получателем» знания, он активно вовлечён в процесс обучения с целью развития не только интеллектуальных (рациональных), но и ценностно-духовных, эмоциональных и социальных функций, формирования активной гражданской позиции, подразумевающей помощь ближнему и заботу об окружающей среде. Интегральное образование подразумевает обоюдное развитие преподавателя и обучающегося; признаёт существование разнообразия личностей учеников и учителей (стилей обучения, типов личности, педагогических стилей и пр.). С мировоззренческой, общечеловеческой точки зрения оно стремится способствовать межкультурному, межрасовому и межрелигиозному взаимопониманию и диалогу; признанию идеологического многообразия и единства человечества, сущностного равенства всех рас.
Comparing Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Sexual Victimization Relative to Other Victim–Offender Relationships in College Students
Authors: Johnson Nicole L. , Holmes Samantha C. , Johnson Dawn M. , Zlotnick Caron
Published: February 2020

Research on sexual victimization (SV) in college women often focuses on perpetration by nonpartners thus, little is known about SV by intimate partners on college campuses. To address this gap in the literature, the current study compared prevalence and revictimization rates and negative correlates of SV based on victim–offender relationship. Findings suggest higher prevalence rates of SV perpetrated by a nonpartner compared to an intimate partner although similar and alarming rates of revictimization. Regarding negative correlates of SV, no differences were identified based on victim–offender relationship; however, victims of SV by both an intimate partner and a nonpartner demonstrated the highest negative correlates. These findings demonstrate the importance of addressing SV by nonpartners and intimate partners and the necessity for tertiary prevention efforts to decrease revictimization.
THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF A SPECIALIST IN CLINICAL LABORATORY MEDICINE AND ITS EVALUATION BY MEDICAL LABORATORY STAFF
Authors: Zolotaryov P. N.
Published: February 2020

The issue of improving the personnel service in clinical laboratory diagnostics is topical, since specialists, having modern knowledge in laboratory research, can not stay aside from active participation during their appointment and interpretation. Training of specialists of this level requires revision of the regulatory framework, namely, the development of professional standards for specialists in clinical laboratory medicine. The survey involved 83 specialists with higher education working in clinical diagnostic laboratories of various forms of ownership in the Samara Region (Russia). In the course of the study, data were obtained reflecting the readiness to perform a number of generalized labor functions of the professional standard. Prior to the evaluation of the criterion of attention paid to the labor function in each group of respondents, we expected to obtain values of 9-10 units. However, in the course of the study, we found that this indicator in various groups of respondents fluctuated in a wide range. We believe that the training of professional stuff with higher education in laboratory medicine should be implemented in parallel with the introduction of the professional standard.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LIVER AND ITS FUNCTIONAL STATE AT MEDICINAL DAMAGE AND TREATMENT BY THE NEW PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Morozov M. A. , Blinova E. V. , Ovsepyan G. A. , Dydykin S. S. , Blinov D. S. , Gorshkov V. A. , Pronina E. N. , Balashov V. P. , Semeleva E. V. , Stepanova A. A.
Published: February 2020

The study presented results of exploration of liver functional activity and morphological structure on the experimental model of drug-induced hepatitis by twice administration of 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen to nonlinear both sexes white rats treated by preventive administration of novel pharmaceutic formulation with laboratory code LHT-8-16. The substance was administered to the animals intra-gastrically 1 hour prior to acetaminophen intake. We studied changes in biochemical blood indices, which characterize the functional activity of the liver, assessed the organ histological structure, and performed macro- and micro-morphometric analysis. It has been shown that the substance LHT-8-16 prevents the toxic effect of acetaminophen on the functional activity of the liver, which was displayed in the decrease of activity of drug-induced cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, normalizing the level of total bilirubin in rats’ serum. The appearance of the liver, its relative and absolute weight in animals with drug-induced hepatitis, who received LHT-8-16, was comparable with the intact rats. On histological specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin we observed a decrease in the area of necrosis of hepatic parenchyma, preservation of tissue structure. Hyperemia and extending sinusoids occurred on the periphery of the body and were less pronounced in comparison with the control group. The area of the cytoplasm, the nuclei and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio approximated the values of the intact group. The appearance of multi-nuclear hepatocytes referred to the activation of the synthetic activity of the liver and onset of regeneration mechanisms. Thus, it can be concluded that the studied formulation possesses hepatoprotective property.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS AT DIFFERENT OPTIONS OF THE TREATMENT OF THE OPISTHORCHIASIS IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Sidelnikova A. A.
Published: February 2020

A morphological study of the formed elements of peripheral blood in experimental animals (rabbits) induced by opisthorchiasis in the treatment Biltricid, Acorsol and Triad Premium. When applying Acorsol and Triad Premium discovered toxic granularity of the cytoplasm of segmented and band at pseudoeosinophils. Segmented shape was characterized by hypersegmented kernel. When applying Biltricid stab pseudoeosinophils in the blood is not detected. The segmented pseudoeosinophils had a pronounced toxic or grit, or completely had no granules in the cytoplasm were single or multiple vacuoles calf Knyazkova is the Case. Young forms are discovered in the application of the Triad Premium. Eosinophils in all cases had partial basophilic granules. In the cytoplasm of basophils in all groups of granules are partially absent, but to a greater extent in the treatment of Acorsol. Form Turk in contrast to the control were isolated. Forms Reader in a smaller number of detected only with the use of Acorsol. The shadows Botkin-Gumprecht-Klein considerable amount detected in the application of Biltricid and in control. In the study of red blood cells poikilocytosis detected in all cases. But when you apply Biltricid still identified anisochromia, basophilic punctuation. Thus, the most pronounced changes of erythrocytes and leucocytes was observed after treatment of opisthorchiasis Biltricid, with other drugs and control. But unlike Biltricid, in the treatment of opisthorchiasis Triad Premium and Acorsol visually, there was an increase in the size of blood platelets. When morphometry diameter pseudoeosinophils and eosinophils in animals with the treatment and the control was normal according to the literature. However, without treatment, the diameter of pseudoeosinophils and eosinophils was greater than in cells of animals with all treatment options. There were no significant differences in the diameter of eosinophils in the treatment with Triad Premium and Biltricide.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE WALL OF THE GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN AT THE VARICOSE DISEASE OF VEINS OF LOWER LIMBS DEPENDING ON AGE AND ILLNESS DURATION
Authors: Chekmareva I. A. , Abduvosidov Kh. A. , Paklina O. V. , Makeeva E. A. , Kolesnikov L. L.
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study was features of ultrastructural changes in cellular elements and connective tissue carcass of the great saphenous vein (GSV) at varicose disease in depending on the duration of the disease in persons of different ages. An examination by light microscopy of 133 fragments of BPV, excised during phlebectomy in 19 patients, and an electron microscopic examination of 532 preparations were performed. Depending on the age of the patients, four age groups was distinguished: 18-44 years old (young people); 45-59 years (middle-aged people); 60-74 years old (the elderly), 75-90 years old (persons of senile age). In the wall of the GSV of young people with a small duration of the disease, there were poorly expressed pathomorphological changes characterized by moderately expressed endothelial dysfunction and minor hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the middle shell. In the group of middle-aged people, in addition to age-related changes in the structure of the wall of varicose dilated GSV, pathological changes are noted that are characteristic of the long course of the disease with the development of endothelial dysfunction. The phenotypic heterogeneity of the SMC in the middle shell intensifies, and the communication links between them is altered. Disorganization of connective tissue leads to a decrease in the strength of the connective tissue vein skeleton. Hypertrophy of SMC, as a universal compensatory-adaptive response of cells, develops in response to an increase in functional load with hemodynamic disturbances in the veins of the lower limbs and to compensate for the quantitative deficiency of SMC as a result of their death. In elderly and senile age the duration of varicose disease is more than 10 years, on average - up to 25-30 years. The number of destructively altered SMC is increasing, degenerative processes and sclerotic changes are progressing. The ultrastructural analysis of biopsies showed that at the initial stage of development of varicose disease in young people with a small duration of varicose disease, morphological changes in the structure of the GSV wall are poorly expressed. With the increase in the age of the patient and the duration of the disease, changes in GSV are progressed. Involute degenerative-dystrophic changes are most pronounced in patients over 60 years of age and are an aggravating factor during varicose transformation of the GSV wall. In elderly and senile age, the compensatory possibilities of the cells decrease, the sclerotic degenerative changes in the wall of the GSV are progressed.
THE RAT’S LIVER MORPHOLOGY AT LONGEST FEEDING WITH JUNK FOOD
Authors: Kondashevskaya M. V. , Alekseeva A. I. , Chernysheva M. B.
Published: February 2020

The effect of the regular use of junk-food on the morphological and functional state of the liver was studied in mature females Wistar rats. Animals of experimental groups received for a 100 days a diet that included potato chips and sweet caffeine-containing soft drinks. In the liver of rats of experimental groups dystrophic changes in hepatocytes - small-, medium- and large-droplet vacuolar dystrophy from weak to severe, were detected. Compared to the control group, rats, which consumed junk-food, had a decrease in the cell and nuclei volume and glycogen content of hepatocytes. Revealed changes reflect alteration of the liver metabolic balance and point to the development of functional changes, that provide carbohydrate-fat, water-electrolyte and protein metabolism.
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TESTES IN WHITE RATS TREATED WITH BISPHENOL A AND TRICLOSAN
Authors: Chigrinets S. V. , Bryuhin G. V. , Zavyalov S. N.
Published: February 2020

We studied the effect of unstable ubiquitous endocrine disrupters bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) on the reproductive function of adult male Wistar rats. BPA and TCS concentrations were measured directly in testicular tissue by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comparison groups were found to be statistically significantly different in the concentrations of bisphenol A and triclosan in testicular tissues. The study showed that bisphenol A and triclosan have a negative effect on the morphofunctional state of the male reproductive glands of sexually mature rats, causing a decrease in testicular mass, a decrease in parenchyma, the number and diameter of the seminiferous tubules, an increase in the number of convoluted seminiferous tubules with desquamated epithelium, and a decrease in sperm cells on the background of an increase in their atypical forms.
AGE FEATURES OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF TONGUE GLANDS
Authors: Olsuf’Eva A. V. , Vovkogon A. D. , Timofeeva M. O. , Veselova L. V. , Olsuf’Ev S. S.
Published: February 2020

Tongue provides a person with many functions, participates in speech, taste receptions (the peripheral part of the taste analyzer), the initial stages of digestion and moisturizes the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The lingual glands, along with others, produce saliva, but in a smalt amount, in comparison with the large salivary glands. The purpose of the study is to study the number of lingual glands and their morphological features in people of different ages and sex under normal conditions. Macroscopic, histological methods and parametric statistics methods have been used to study the glands of the tongue, obtained from the corpses of 149 men and 150 women who died from the period of the newborn to 96 years, for reasons of asphyxia incompatible with the life of injuries. On total preparations of the tongue, the glands were electrically stained in a 0.5% solution of acetic acid with 0,05% methylene blue solution in tap water. We studied the total number, length and width of the initial sections of the glands of different parts of the tongue - at its anterior, middle and posterior third, and also in the organ as a whole. For histological examination, the gland was further studied on preparations obtained after evisceration (139 cases). As a result of the study, it was revealed that the size and quantity of lingual glands in postnatal ontogenesis vary in the direction from the tip to the root of the tongue (increase from front to back). In this case, the glands of the root of the tongue produced a saliva of a mucous nature. Given that ensuring the oral phase of swallowing requires the presence of a mucous secretion in the oral cavity, the morphological changes of lingual glands in the thickness of the tongue revealed by us are absolutely physiologically necessary. Changing the size and number of glands throughout the mucous membranes of internal organs is recognized as one of the patterns of their structural organization.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDRAULIC EFFECT OF THE BLOOD DYNAMICS AT THE EXTRASYSTOLY ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF MAINSTREAM ARTERIES
Authors: Germanova O. A. , Germanov V. A. , Stepanov M. Y. , Germanov A. V. , Prokhorenko I. O. , Piskunov M. V.
Published: February 2020

The influence of various types of extrasystole on the change in arterial hemodynamics and the morphology of changes in the wall of the mainstream arterial vessels is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of water hammer on the hemodynamics of the main arteries in various types of extrasystoly. The study was conducted on 228 patients (122 men and 106 women) aged 43 to 76 years, the average age was 62 ± 4.3 years. For the analysis, the data apex-cardiography, daily monitoring by Holter, echocardiography, electrocardiography, sphygmography, color Doppler mapping of the vessels of the head and neck and extremities were compared. Water hammer of extrasystoles leads to mechanical damage to the endothelium of the arterial wall and serves as a trigger for inflammation and activation of the process of neolipogenesis, the formation of the atheroma. Additional hydraulic waves contribute to trauma to the vascular wall, growth and increase in area of atheromas. The described morphological changes in the vascular wall, the authors describe as «water hammer syndrome» and analyze its role and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of vascular complications at extrasystoles and reconstructive operations on arterial vessels.
El impacto de la crisis económica en el mercado de trabajo en España (2008-2018)
Authors: Mosquera Marcial Sánchez
Published: February 2020

Este texto aborda el impacto de la crisis económica en el mercado de trabajo español en perspectiva comparada con los grandes países del sur mediterráneo de Europa y con la media de la UE 28 (como compendio general de todos los países membro) y de la UE 15 (como promedio de los países veteranos y con un grado superior de desarrollo). Se parte de los cambios en la economía (a través del examen del PIB) y sus impactos en el mercado de trabajo. Posteriormente, se analizan las reformas institucionales que se han acometido sobre las normas que lo regulan. Tanto del lado del empleo como del desempleo, los datos de España son peores que las medias de la UE 15 y muestran una peor evolución en la recuperación económica. A su vez, las reformas implementadas en el mercado de trabajo para hacer frente a la crisis económica ni han supuesto la introducción de nuevas políticas ni han reducido el trabajo precario.
Globalización, mercado de trabajo y distribución funcional del ingreso en Colombia
Authors: Martinez Manuel Felipe
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los efectos de la globalización en el mercado laboral y en la distribución funcional del ingreso en Colombia. En las últimas décadas, ha habido tres oleadas de liberalización económica y reformas de flexibilidad laboral, que han generado menos empleos (cada vez más informales y de menor calidad), una proporción cada vez mayor de empleados vulnerables y subempleados, salarios relativos más bajos y una mayor desigualdade de ingresos. Estas condiciones han deteriorado la distribución funcional del ingreso al reducir la participación de los salarios en el PIB como resultado de un menor poder de negociación colectiva, que impide que el aumento real de los salarios se indexe al crecimiento de la productividad laboral.
Cage Sanitation, Hygiene of Dairy Farmer, Physical Quality and Microorganism of Dairy Cattle Milk In Medowo, Kediri, East Java
Authors: Fawaid Bahrul
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The cage sanitation and hygiene of dairy farmer were important to be maintained in order to keep the physical quality and microorganisms of the milk. This research was conducted to analyze the cage sanitation, hygiene of dairy farmer, physical quality and microorganisms in the milk from dairy farmers in Medowo, Kediri, East Java. Method: This research was a observational research with cross sectional design. The sample of population total was 26 of dairy farmer that registered of Kertajaya Village Unit Cooperative in Ringinagung Village, Medowo Village, Kandangan District, Kediri Region. The variables of this research were cage sanitation, the farmer’s hygiene and physical quality and the microorganisms in the milk including Total Plate Count (TPC) and E. coli. The data were obtained through interviews and direct observation using a questionnaire and examination of milk microorganisms in the veterinary public health laboratory of the Livestock Service Office of East Java Province. Data were analyzed descriptively. Result and Discussion: This research found that the sanitary of the cage were classified as excellent (92%), the farmer’s hygiene was considered as inadequate with (69%), the physical quality of the milk which include smell, taste and color were 100% in good condition, except in one sample (3,8%) of the milk contained a TPC that exceeded in standar (1 x 106 cfu / ml). The number of milk samples contaminated by E. coli were 7 samples (27%). Conclusion: Improving hygiene and sanitation can avoid cross contamination between pathogenic microorganisms in the milk quality.
Symmetry-like Relation of Relative Entropy Measure of Quantum Coherence
Authors: Zhang Cheng-yang , Guo Zhi-hua , Cao H.X.
Published: February 2020

Quantum coherence is an important physical resource in quantum information science, and also as one of the most fundamental and striking features in quantum physics. In this paper, we obtain a symmetry-like relation of relative entropy measure $C_r(\rho)$ of coherence for $n$-partite quantum states $\rho$, which gives lower and upper bounds for $C_r(\rho)$. Meanwhile, we discuss the conjecture about the validity of the inequality $C_r(\rho)\leq C_{\ell_1}(\rho)$ for any state $\rho$. We observe that every mixture $\eta$ of a state $\rho$ satisfying $C_r(\rho)\leq C_{\ell_1}(\rho)$ and any incoherent state $\sigma$ also satisfies the conjecture. We also note that if the von Neumann entropy is defined by the natural logarithm $\ln$ instead of $\log_2$, then the reduced relative entropy measure of coherence $\bar{C}_r(\rho)=-\rho_{\rm{diag}}\ln \rho_{\rm{diag}}+\rho\ln \rho$ satisfies the inequality ${\bar{C}}_r(\rho)\leq C_{\ell_1}(\rho)$ for any mixed state $\rho$.
Antiparkinson Drug Benztropine Suppresses Tumor Growth, Circulating Tumor Cells, and Metastasis by Acting on SLC6A3 and Reducing STAT3
Authors: Sogawa Chiharu , Tran Manh Tien , Ishige Masayuki , Trin Kilian , Okusha Yuka , Taha Eman Ahmed , Lu Yanyin , Kawai Hotaka , Sogawa Norio , Takigawa Masaharu , Calderwood Stuart K. , Okamoto Kuniaki , Kozaki Ken-ichi , Eguchi Takanori
Published: February 2020

Tumor growth, progression, and therapy resistance are crucial factors in the prognosis of cancer. Properties of three-dimensional tumor-like organoids (tumoroids) more closely resemble in vivo tumors compared to two-dimensionally cultured cells and are therefore effectively used for assays and drug screening. We here established a repurposed drug for novel anticancer research and therapeutics using a tumoroid-based screening system. We screened 6 pharmacologically active compounds by using an original tumoroid-based multiplex phenotypic screening system with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) promoter-driven fluorescence reporter for the evaluation of both tumoroid formation and progression. The effects of one of the hit compounds were examined on tumor formation and progression in vitro and in vivo. Antiparkinson drug benztropine was the most effective compound uncovered by the screen. Benztropine significantly inhibited in vitro tumoroid formation, cancer cell survival, and MMP9 promoter activity. Benztropine also reduced the activity of oncogenic signaling transducers and trans-activators for MMP9, including STAT3, NF-κB, and β-catenin, and properties of cancer stem cells / cancer-initiating cells. Benztropine and GBR-12935 directly targeted the dopamine transporter DAT/SLC6A3, whose genetic alterations such as amplification were correlated with poor prognosis for cancer patients. Benztropine also inhibited tumor growth, circulating tumor cell (CTC) number, and rate of metastasis in a tumor allograft model in mice. In conclusion, we propose the repurposing of benztropine for anticancer research and therapeutics that can suppress tumor progression, CTC, and metastasis of aggressive cancers by reducing key pro-tumorigenic factors.
Long-Term Evaluation of Autogenous Demineralized Dentin Matrix: A Retrospective 7-Year Clinical Study
Authors: Shin Yonsoo , Kim Young-Kyun , Um In-Woong
Published: February 2020

Autogenous demineralized dentin matrix (ADDM), derived from human extracted tooth, is commonly used as a bone-graft substitute to reconstruct alveolar defects when placing dental implants. The purpose of this retrospective study is to examine efficacy of ADDM in terms of surgical complications and marginal bone resorption by analyzing the medical records and radiographs of patients who received ADDM graft from 2008 to 2011 in our institute. Occurrence of complications, marginal bone loss around implants were investigated with regard to the type of defect, location of bone grafting, and types of bone graft techniques. ADDM-based bone grafting was performed on 221 sites in 82 patients and 208 implants were placed afterwards: The percentage of complications after bone grafting was 15.84%, and the implant survival rate was 95.19%. All complications were resolved with conventional treatment except for the 10 cases of osseointegration failure. The average marginal bone loss was 0.31 mm at the last examination after the average follow-up period of 7.2 years. Within the limitation of this study, the results of long-term follow-up are consistent with the short-term results of relevant studies. ADDM can produce promising clinical outcomes when used for alveolar ridge augmentation around implants.
Detecting Mind-Wandering from Eye Movement and Oculomotor Data during Learning Video Lecture
Authors: Jang DongMin , Yang IlHo , Kim SeoungUn
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to detect mind-wandering experienced by pre-service teachers while learning video lecture on physics. The lecture was videotaped and consisted of a live lecture in a classroom. The lecture was about Gauss's law on physics. We investigated whether oculomotor data and eye movements could be used as a marker to indicate the learner’s mind-wandering. Each data was collected in a study in which 24 pre-service teachers (16 females and 8 males) reported self-caught mind-wandering while learning physics video lecture during30 minutes. A Tobii Pro Spectrum (sampling rate: 300Hz) was used to capture their eye-gaze during learning Gauss's law course video. After watching video lecture, we interviewed pre-service teachers about their mind-wandering experience. We first used the self-caught method to capture the mind-wandering timing of pre-service teachers while learning from video lectures. We detected more accurate mind-wandering segments by comparing fixation duration and saccade count. We investigated two types of oculomotor data (blink count, pupil size) and nine eye movements (average peak velocity of saccades; maximum peak velocity of saccades; standard deviation of peak velocity of saccades; average amplitude of saccades; maximum amplitude of saccades; total amplitude of saccades; saccade count/s; fixation duration; fixation dispersion). The result was that the blink count could not be used as a marker for mind-wandering during learning video lectures among them (oculomotor data and eye movements), unlike previous literatures. Based on the results of this study, we identified elements that can be used as mind-wandering markers while learning from video lectures that are similar to real classes, among the oculomotor data and eye movement mentioned in previous literatures. Also, we found that most participants focused on past thoughts and felt unpleasant after experiencing mind-wandering through interview analysis.
Professionalism of Islamic Spiritual Counsellors to Achieve The Quality of Health Services for Patients in Hospitals
Authors: Riyadi Agus , Zamroni Hakim
Published: February 2020

Spiritual counsellors in hospitals have not fully reached the professional stage, it is considered that there are still many problems to achieve the ideal stage according to the patients’ needs. The problems of Islamic spiritual counselling for patients in hospitals lie in: First, there is no standard of performance that is mutually agreed upon professionally. Second, there is no standard for preparing counsellors who are recognised both academically and professionally by the hospital, so that the ability of the counsellors is only seen and assessed based on common sense only without looking at academic capacity and competence, or ability. Third, as a consequence of the two problems mentioned above, the aspects of license and accreditation certainly cannot be done by each hospital, including the development of professional organisations. Therefore, the development solutions that have to be carried out include the development of the standardisation of the professional counsellor performance, namely the formulation of the professional spiritual counsellor standard performance in hospitals. The effort to pioneer the realisation of the formulation of the performance needs to be initiated by academics majoring BPI / BKI in Faculty of Da’wah and Communication with spiritual counselling practitioners in the hospital and standardisation of counsellor preparation. It aimsto prepare the (prospective) counsellorswith knowledge, mastery, and ability to carry out the materials and skills contained in the points of the formulation of performance.
Acute Thigh Compartment Syndrome due to an Occult Arterial Injury Following a Blunt Trauma
Authors: Nooh Anas , Wang Casey K. , AlAseem Abdulrahman , Harvey Edward J. , Bernstein Mitchell
Published: February 2020

Case:

We report a 27-year-old man who presented with thigh swelling and inability to bear weight after blunt trauma 24 hours before. Based on the clinical assessment, the patient was diagnosed with anterior compartment syndrome of the thigh and underwent fasciotomy. Postoperatively, 1.5 L of blood were drained from his wound in the first 30 minutes after the operation. Angiography was performed demonstrating bleeding from the lateral femoral circumflex which was successfully embolized.

Conclusions:

Our case represents the underlying arterial injury that was initially undiagnosed as a cause for thigh compartment syndrome. Physicians should consider associated injuries (beyond muscle crush) when making a diagnosis of compartment syndrome.
Aspergillus Osteomyelitis of the Scapula
Authors: Hébert-Seropian Sarah , Pelet Stéphane
Published: February 2020

Case:

A 52-year-old man known for a recent cardiac transplantation presented with 6 weeks of incapacitating left shoulder pain with normal x-rays and CT scans. MRI revealed bone edema of the coracoid and glenoid neck with a supraspinatus abscess. Biopsy of the coracoid demonstrated Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the scapula.

Conclusion:

Aspergillus osteomyelitis is a rare manifestation of invasive aspergillosis and mostly manifests as spondylodiscitis. In this report, we describe a case of Aspergillus osteomyelitis of the scapula treated with combined antifungal therapy and surgery.
Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation After Prophylactic Nailing of the Femur in a Patient with Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: You Daniel Z. , Kendal Joseph K. , Duffy Paul , Monument Michael J. , Schneider Prism S.
Published: February 2020

Case:

We present a case of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after prophylactic femoral intramedullary stabilization in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer. Preoperative international normalized ratio of 1.4 was attributed to malnutrition, and the patient was not medically optimized. DIC developed 1 hour postoperatively and was managed with blood product resuscitation. At the 4-month follow-up, the patient presented with bilateral pulmonary emboli and was transitioned to palliative care.

Conclusions:

DIC after intramedullary stabilization in patients with metastatic bone disease is a rare condition with high mortality rate. Early recognition, blood product resuscitation, and involvement of appropriate subspecialty services are imperative in DIC management.
Las rutas del vino como motores de dinamización socio-territorial: el caso de Castilla y León
Authors: Fernández Portela Julio , Vidal Domínguez María Jesús
Published: February 2020

El mundo rural y, en especial, Castilla y León, se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de abandono y envejecimiento poblacional que se está haciendo insostenible en algunos territorios ante la falta de oportunidades laborales y la desaparición de servicios básicos. La puesta en marcha de iniciativas turísticas, principalmente relacionadas con el enoturismo, se configura como una actividad económica clave para lograr el desarrollo rural, además de la diversificación económica. Para ello se apoya en el entramado que se genera en torno al vino, que, además, va a aprovechar el resto de potencialidades presentes en el espacio para ofrecer un producto turístico diversificado y para todo tipo de públicos. En este artículo se va a mostrar el panorama nacional del enoturismo y especialmente de las Rutas del Vino, su impacto en el desarrollo rural, y posteriormente se va a analizar la situación particular de la Comunidad de Castilla y León. Para ello se utilizarán los informes de ACEVIN y la información propia de las páginas web de las Rutas del Vino.
Fracture Surface Area Estimation from Hydraulic-Fracture Treatment Pressure Falloff Data
Authors: Liu Guoqing , Zhou Tong , Li Fengxia , Li Yuanzhao , Ehlig-Economides Christine A.
Published: February 2020

It has often been reported that the peak production of a well drilled in tight formations is highly dependent on the fracture-contact area. However, at present, there is no efficient approach to estimate the fracture surface area for each fracture stage. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate the fracture surface area on the basis of the falloff data after each stage of the main hydraulic-fracture treatment.

The created hydraulic fracture closes freely before its surfaces hit the proppant pack, and this process can be recognized in the pressure falloff data and its diagnostic plots. The pressure-decline rate during fracture closure is mainly caused by the fluid leakoff from the fracture system into the formation matrix. For a horizontal well drilled in the same formation, with the known leakoff coefficient(s) and fracture-closure stress(es), the total-fracture surface area can be calculated for all stages to meet the requirement of the fluid-leakoff rate.

The wellbore-storage effect, friction dissipation, and tip extension dominate the early pressure falloff data. Whereas the transient pressure dominated by friction losses typically lasts approximately 1 minute, the tip extension might end after approximately 15 minutes. Therefore, falloff data should be acquired for at least 30 minutes to observe a fracture-closure trend. The fracture-closure behavior can be identified on the G-function plot as an extrapolated straight line or on the Bourdet derivative in log-log plot as a late-time unit slope. The behavior of the late unit slope depends on the pressure-decline rate, or correspondingly, to the fluid-leakoff rate. Therefore, the total-fracture surface area can be estimated using hydraulic-fracture design input values for the formation-leakoff coefficient and fracture-closure stress. The calculated fracture surface area represents the combined area of primary and secondary fractures—effectively all fracture surfaces contributing to the fluid leakoff.

We applied the approach to all stages in a horizontal well that exhibit the fracture-closure behavior. The approach shows some promise as a potential way to estimate fracture surface areas that could allow an early estimate of the expected well performance.