bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐dependent 11B spin–lattice relaxation time for BF4 and CF3BF3 anions in room‐temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Hayamizu Kikuko , Tsuzuki Seiji , Seki Shiro
Published: November 2010

Temperature‐dependent 11B T1 values were measured for the BF4 anion and BF3 in the CF3BF3 anion in room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) composed of the cation N‐diethyl‐N‐methyl‐N‐(2‐methoxyethyl)ammonium (DEME). Including the lithium‐salt‐doped samples, two neat and two binary ionic liquids were studied. Arrhenius plots of the 11B T1 showed T1 minima for BF4 in the temperature range between 243 (or above freezing) and 373 K. Using the Bloembergen, Pound, and Purcell(BPP) equations for the 11B quadrupolar and 11B19F dipolar relaxation mechanisms, the correlation times for motions of BF4 were calculated. Since the internal rotation of BF3 is assumed in CF3BF3, T1 minimum was not observed. The effects of the addition of the lithium salt on the 11B correlation time and 11BT1 for the anions in the ILs are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermolecular interaction studies using small volumes
Authors: Bourry David , Sinnaeve Davy , Gheysen Katelijne , Fritzinger Bernd , Vandenborre Gianni , Van Damme Els J. M. , Wieruszeski Jean‐Michel , Lippens Guy , Ampe Christophe , Martins José C.
Published: November 2010

We present the use of 1‐mm room‐temperature probe technology to perform intermolecular interaction studies using chemical shift perturbation methods and saturation transfer difference (STD) spectroscopy using small sample volumes. The use of a small sample volume (5–10 µl) allows for an alternative titration protocol where individual samples are prepared for each titration point, rather than the usual protocol used for a 5‐mm probe setup where the ligand is added consecutively to the solution containing the protein or host of interest. This allows for considerable economy in the consumption and cost of the protein and ligand amounts required for interaction studies. For titration experiments, the use of the 1‐mm setup consumes less than 10% of the ligand amount required using a 5‐mm setup. This is especially significant when complex ligands that are only available in limited quantities, typically because they are obtained from natural sources or through elaborate synthesis efforts, need to be investigated. While the use of smaller volumes does increase the measuring time, we demonstrate that the use of commercial small volume probes allows the study of interactions that would otherwise be impossible to address by NMR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photopolymerization behavior in nanocomposites formed with thiol–acrylate and polymerizable organoclays
Authors: Kim Soon Ki , Guymon C. Allan
Published: November 2010

Because of the inherent characteristics of the thiol–ene step growth mechanism in preparation of thiol–ene photopolymer clay nanocomposites, the ratio between thiol and ene functional groups at and near the organoclay surfaces may have a significant effect on the polymerization behavior. This study investigates the influence of monomer composition and the type of polymerizable organoclay on thiol–acrylate photopolymerization behavior in preparation of photocurable clay nanocomposite systems. To this end, two types of polymerizable organoclays with acrylate or thiol functional group on the clay surfaces were compared in monomer compositions with different polarity and functionality. Real‐time infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize polymerization behavior in conjunction with photo‐DSC. The degree of clay exfoliation was evaluated using small angle X‐ray scattering and correlated with photopolymerization behavior. Higher chemical compatibility of components induced enhanced clay exfoliation resulting in increase in photopolymerization rate. By affecting the stoichiometric ratio of functional groups in the clay gallery, thiolated organoclays enhance thiol–ene reaction, whereas acrylated organoclays encourage acrylate homopolymerization. In addition, inducing more propagating thiyl radicals on the organoclay surfaces by increasing functionality of thiol monomer also facilitates thiol–ene copolymerization, whereas the increase of acrylate functionality reduces final thiol conversion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Dicarbonyl pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl iron complex for living radical polymerization: Smooth generation of real active catalysts collaborating with phosphine ligand
Authors: Ishio Muneki , Ouchi Makoto , Sawamoto Mitsuo
Published: November 2010

We achieved metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization (LRP) through “unique” catalyst transformation of iron (Fe) complex in situ. A dicarbonyl iron complex bearing a pentaphenylcyclopentadiene [(CpPh)Fe(CO)2Br: CpPh = η‐C5Ph5] is too stable itself to catalyze LRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in conjunction with a bromide initiator [H‐(MMA)2‐Br]. However, an addition of catalytic amount of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) for the system led to a smooth consumption of MMA giving “controlled” polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (∼90% conversion within 24 h; Mw/Mn = 1.2). FTIR and 31P NMR analyses of the complex in the model reaction with H‐(MMA)2‐Br and PPh3 demonstrated that the two carbonyl ligands were irreversibly eliminated and instead the added phosphine was ligated to give some phosphorous complexes. The ligand exchange was characteristic to the CpPh complex: the exchange was much smoother than other cyclopentadiene‐based complexes [i.e., CpFe(CO)2Br: Cp = C5H5; Cp*Fe(CO)2Br, Cp* = C5Me5]. The smooth transformation via the ligand exchange would certainly contribute to the controllability at the earlier stage in the polymerization as well as at the latter. The catalytic activity was enough high, as demonstrated by the successful monomer addition experiment and precise control even for higher molecular weight polymer (Mw/Mn < 1.2 under 1000‐mer condition). Such an in situ transformation from a stable complex would be advantageous to practical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Proteomic analysis of acute kidney injury: Biomarkers to mechanisms
Authors: Bennett Michael R. , Devarajan Prasad
Published: November 2010

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical condition, both in terms of mortality and costs, and is occurring with increasing incidence. Despite better clinical care, the outcomes of AKI have changed little in the last 50 years. This lack of progress is due in part to a lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and a poor understanding of the disease mechanisms. This review will focus on the rapid progress being made in both the understanding of AKI and the promising panel of early biomarkers for AKI that have come out of both direct proteomic analysis of body fluids of AKI patients and more targeted proteomic approaches using clues from other methods such as transcriptomics. This review concludes with a discussion of the future of proteomics and personalized medicine in AKI and the challenges presented in translating these exciting proteomic results to the clinic.
Profiling the surfacome of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dreisbach Annette , Hempel Kristina , Buist Girbe , Hecker Michael , Becher Dörte , van Dijl Jan Maarten
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2010, 10, 3082–3096, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000062
Functional genomic profiling of Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm reveals enhanced production of the mycotoxin gliotoxin
Authors: Bruns Sandra , Seidler Marc , Albrecht Daniela , Salvenmoser Stefanie , Remme Nicole , Hertweck Christian , Brakhage Axel A. , Kniemeyer Olaf , Müller Frank‐Michael C.
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2010, 10, 3097–3107, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000129
mTRAQ‐based quantification of potential endometrial carcinoma biomarkers from archived formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: DeSouza Leroi V. , Krakovska Olga , Darfler Marlene M. , Krizman David B. , Romaschin Alexander D. , Colgan Terence J. , Siu K. W. Michael
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2010, 10, 3108–3116, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000082
A quantitative proteomic analysis of biofilm adaptation by the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia
Authors: Pham Trong Khoa , Roy Sumita , Noirel Josselin , Douglas Ian , Wright Phillip C. , Stafford Graham P.
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2010, 10, 3130–3141, DOI 10.1002/pmic.200900448
Proteomic analysis of synaptosomal protein expression reveals that cerebral ischemia alters lysosomal Psap processing
Authors: Costain Willard J. , Haqqani Arsalan S. , Rasquinha Ingrid , Giguere Marie‐Soleil , Slinn Jacqueline , Zurakowski Bogdan , Stanimirovic Danica B.
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2010, 10, 3272–3291, DOI 10.1002/pmic.200900447
Acute‐phase proteins investigation based on lectins affinity capture prior to 2‐DE separation: Application to serum from multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Robotti Andrea , Natale Massimo , Albo Alessandra Giuliano , Lis Katarzyna , Perga Simona , Marnetto Fabiana , Gilli Francesca , Bertolotto Antonio
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 2882–2893, DOI 10.1002/elps.201000171
Spectral counting robust on high mass accuracy mass spectrometers
Authors: Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Wienkoop Stefanie
Published: November 2010

Mass spectrometry is central to shotgun proteomics, an application that seeks to quantify as much of the total protein complement of a biological sample as possible. The high mass accuracy, resolution, capacity and scan rate of modern mass spectrometers have greatly facilitated this endeavor. The sum of MS to MS/MS transitions in tandem mass spectrometry, the spectral count (SC), of a peptide has been shown to be a reliable estimate of its relative abundance. However, when using SCs, optimal MS configurations are crucial in order to maximize the number of low abundant proteins quantified while keeping the estimates for the highly abundant proteins within the linear dynamic range.

In this study, LC/MS/MS analysis was performed using an LTQ‐OrbiTrap on a sample containing many highly abundant proteins. Tuning the LTQ‐OrbiTrap mass spectrometer to minimize redundant MS/MS acquisition and to maximize resolution of the proteome by accurately measured m/z ratios resulted in an appreciable increase in quantified low abundant proteins. An exclusion duration of 90 s and an exclusion width of 10 ppm were found best of those tested. The spectral count of individual proteins was found to be highly reproducible and protein abundance ratios were not affected by the different settings that were applied. We conclude that on a high mass accuracy instrument spectral counting is a robust measure of protein abundance even for samples containing many highly abundant proteins and that tuning dynamic exclusion parameters appreciably improves the number of proteins that can be reliably quantified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the morphology, crystalline structure, and thermal properties of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. starch acetates with different degrees of substitution
Authors: Xia Li , Wenyuan Gao , Qianqian Jiang , Luqi Huang , Changxiao Liu
Published: November 2010

Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. starch acetates with different degrees of substitution (DSs) were prepared by reacting native starch with glacial acetic acid/acetic anhydride using sulfuric acid as catalyst. XRD of acetylated starch revealed that there was loss of crystallinity with increasing DS. The carbonyl group signal at 1750 cm−1 appeared in the FTIR spectra. The intensity of this peak increased whereas the intensity of the hydroxyl groups at 3000–3600 cm−1 decreased. The thermal behavior of the samples was investigated and the results showed that the acetylation decreased the gelatinization temperatures and ΔHgel, and thermal stability of high DS acetylated starch (DS = 2.82) was much better than that of the original starch and partially substitute starch acetate (DS = 1.52). The SEM suggested that most of the starch granules were disintegrated into many visible fragments along with the increasing of DS. The starch acetate with different DS prepared in this paper has many potential uses in food and pharmaceutical applications for its lower gelatinization temperature and thermal stability properties.
Isolation and characterization of Mexican chayote tuber (Sechium edule Sw.) starch
Authors: Hernandez‐Uribe Juan P. , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Gonzalez‐Soto Rosalia A. , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Vargas‐Torres Apolonio
Published: November 2010

Starch was isolated from Mexican chayote tubers (Sechium edule Sw.) and the yield, physicochemical, rheological, and molecular characteristics were investigated. Commercial potato was used for comparison. Starch yield was 49% with a purity of 89.1%. AM content of chayote tuber starch was 26.3%. Birefringence was shown in chayote tuber starch and granules had diverse shapes such as spherical, oval, and polygonal, with size between 10 and 25 µm. B‐type XRD pattern was shown by chayote tuber starch. Chayote tuber starch had higher peak viscosity (PV) than potato starch and the maximum PV for chayote tuber starch was obtained at lower temperature. Flow properties of chayote tuber starch showed higher hysteresis than potato at the same concentration. In chayote tuber and potato starches, G′ > G″ at both temperatures. Chayote tuber starch presented slightly lower gelatinization temperatures, but slightly higher enthalpy of gelatinization than potato starch, and similar retrogradation rate (due to the enthalpy value of the phase transition) were found in both tuber starches. Chayote tuber starch presented higher Mw and Rz values than potato starch. Chayote tuber could be an alternative for starch isolation with specific physicochemical and molecular characteristics.
Stable sound source tracking based on two updating algorithms
Authors: Owada Noboru , Tsuji Daisuke , Suyama Kenji
Published: November 2010

In this paper, we present a stable sound source tracking method based on two updating algorithm. In the method, an eigenvector spanning the signal subspace is updated by using the Projection Approximation Subspace Tracking (PAST) algorithm without the eigen‐decomposition of a correlation matrix. Then, a constrained minimization problem is formulated taking into account the stability, and the solution is determined successively by applying the Interior Point Least Square (IPLS) algorithm. As a result, stable tracking can be achieved without the peak search of a MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) spectrum, which often requires enormous computational costs because many complex multiplying operations are involved. Several experimental results in real room environments have demonstrated the high accuracy and the low computational costs of the proposed method. © Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Image processing by interpolation using polyharmonic function and increase in processing speed
Authors: Kobayashi Tadashi , Kawashima Narihei , Ochiai Yoshihiro
Published: November 2010

Digital images are usually represented in the form of a matrix that indicates the data of intensity of each pixel. When the data of intensity of each pixel are considered as the data of the height in the coordinates of the pixel and the pixels are smoothly connected, the digital image can be reconstructed as a curved surface. Interpolation using a polyharmonic function can interpolate a curved surface smoothly using the boundary geometry of the region and arbitrary internal points in the region. In this study, we applied the interpolation method to image processing, and propose a method which can restore and enlarge images smoothly. The method proposed here can realize the simultaneous restoration and smooth enlargement of images, which has been difficult to achieve by conventional methods. This method is applied to the enlargement of images while restoring damaged areas or to the enlargement of an image of the face of persons who is wearing glasses while removing the glasses frame from the image, and its effectiveness is demonstrated. In addition, a method of increasing processing speed by division processing is also examined, and its validity is confirmed. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A spoken dialog system for spontaneous conversations considering response timing and response type
Authors: Nishimura Ryota , Nakagawa Seiichi
Published: November 2010

If a spoken dialog system can respond to a user as naturally as a human, the interaction will appear smoother. In this research, we aim to develop a spoken dialog system that emulates human behavior in a dialog. The proposed system makes use of a decision tree to generate responses at the appropriate times. These responses include ‘aizuchi’ (back‐channel), ‘repetition’, ‘collaborative completion’, etc. At each time interval, the decision tree generates the response timing features referring to the pitch and energy contours, recognition hypotheses, and the preparation status of the response generator. A subjective evaluation shows that there is a high degree of naturalness in the timing of ordinary responses andaizuchi, and that the spoken dialog system exhibits user‐friendly behavior. The recorded voice system was preferred to a text‐to‐speech system (synthesized speech), and almost all subjects felt familiarity with theaizuchi. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An efficient preprocessing method for suboptimal route computation
Authors: Wen Feng , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro
Published: November 2010

In this paper, an effective genetic‐based clustering algorithm (GCA) is proposed to preprocess the road network into a multilevel network that can reduce the route computation time substantially. Based on the multilevel network, route computation algorithms can provide suboptimal routes with little loss of accuracy (LOA). The geographic information of the road network is considered when constructing the multilevel network. In the proposed GCA, three criteria are considered to evaluate the clustering results. Route calculation results based on the multilevel network constructed by the proposed GCA are compared with the recent research to analyze and quantify the LOA. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multicar elevator group supervisory control system using genetic network programming
Authors: Yu Lu , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro
Published: November 2010

Elevator group control systems are the transportation systems for handling passengers in the buildings. With the increasing demand for high‐rise buildings, it becomes important to improve the elevator service. The multicar elevators consist of plural cars in a single elevator shaft. It contributes to the improvement in passengers' handling capacity, while allowing the reduction of the space occupied in the building. In contrast with traditional elevator systems, the cars can no longer operate freely, where there are several restrictions on their available movements. This requires a more difficult control including stochastic scheduling with high combinatorial complexity in order to make the system more flexible. At present, lots of buildings with more than 40 floors are being built, which are usually divided into several zones served by local elevator groups. In addition, the cars should be operated at equal time intervals, especially in such a building with multicar elevator systems (MCES) in order to obtain its good performance. Genetic network programming (GNP), one of the evolutionary computations, can realize a rule‐based MCES due to its directed graph structure of the individual, which makes the system more flexible. This paper discusses MCES using GNP in high‐rise buildings. Also, the positions of elevators are considered to avoid the bunching phenomenon. The performance of MCES is studied and compared with single‐deck elevator system (SDES) and double‐deck elevator system (DDES). © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hybrid path allocation scheme for multilayer networks
Authors: Murayama Junichi , Honda Osamu , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Imase Makoto
Published: November 2010

We propose a hybrid path allocation scheme for multilayer networks to satisfy different levels of latency, throughput, and cost requirements. No single conventional routing algorithm is able by itself to meet all these requirements. In order to solve this problem, we hybridize multiple routing algorithms using service classification and prioritized path assignment techniques. In this scheme, path setup requests are classified into multiple service classes according to their policy requirements. Then they are served by selection of path routing algorithms according to their classes. They are also assigned appropriate path priority levels. Here, high‐priority paths are allocated so as to replace existing low‐priority paths that block their setup. Our simulation results have shown that a combination of the minimum‐hop routing algorithm (MHA) for the highest priority, the widest shortest‐path routing algorithm (WSPA) for the middle priority, and the minimum‐interference routing algorithm (MIRA) for the lowest priority are effective in offering low‐latency, high‐throughput, and low‐cost services, simultaneously. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Toxicity of silver and copper to Cucurbita pepo: Differential effects of nano and bulk‐size particles
Authors: Musante Craig , White Jason C.
Published: November 2010

The phytotoxicity of bulk and nanoparticle Cu and Ag was directly compared. NP Ag reduced biomass and transpiration by 66–84% when compared with bulk Ag. The Ag ion concentration was 4.4–10‐times greater in NP than bulk particle solutions. The Cu ion concentration was 1.4–4.4‐times greater in bulk than NP amended solutions. Humic acid (50 mg/L) decreased the ion content of bulk Cu solution by 38–42% but increased ion Cu content of NP solutions by 1.4–2.9 times. Bulk and NP Cu were highly phytotoxic; growth and transpiration were reduced by 60–70% relative to untreated controls. NP Cu phytotoxicity was unaffected by solution type, but humic acid (50 mg/L) completely alleviated phytotoxicity caused by bulk Cu. The data demonstrate differential toxicity of Ag NP relative to bulk Ag. The finding that humic acid and solution chemistry differentially impact bulk and NP behavior highlights the importance of evaluating nanoparticles under environmentally relevant conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ablation therapy
Authors: Trevino Jessica M. , Varadarajulu Shyam
Published: November 2010

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) imaging has undergone extensive technological advancement since its development in the 1980s, including improvement of echoendoscopes with larger channels and accessories. These advancements enable not only tissue procurement for diagnosis but also therapeutic interventions that hitherto would have required surgery, with its attendant risks. A wide array of interventional procedures are performed under EUS guidance, including celiac plexus neurolysis, drainage of pancreatic and pelvic fluid collections, drainage of obstructive pancreatic‐biliary ducts, ablation of cyst neoplasms in the pancreas, and implantation of fiducial markers and radioactive seeds into gastrointestinal tumors. Various experimental procedures are also underway to evaluate the role of EUS in radiofrequency ablation, vascular therapy, and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. In this review, we examine the various EUS‐guided ablation therapies currently undertaken in humans.
Spiral enteroscopy for therapeutic ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy: actual technique and review of the literature
Authors: Kogure Hirofumi , Watabe Hirotsugu , Yamada Atsuo , Isayama Hiroyuki , Yamaji Yutaka , Itoi Takao , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: November 2010

Background

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and associated procedures are difficult to perform in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Recently, balloon enteroscopy (BE) has made it easier to perform ERCP in these patients. However, BE‐assisted ERCP is often technically demanding and time consuming.

Methods

Spiral enteroscopy (SE), which has recently been developed, is a novel method of using a rotating overtube to pleat small bowel onto the enteroscope, thus advancing it through the lumen. We review the mechanism and efficacy of SE, especially in ERCP of patients with surgically altered anatomy, and report on the first patient to undergo ERCP using SE in Japan.

Results

Spiral enteroscopy‐assisted ERCP seems to be feasible and safe in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Additionally, SE‐assisted ERCP appears to be easier to perform than other methods previously described and allows stable positioning of the enteroscope in order to perform delicate therapeutic maneuvers.

Conclusions

SE for ERCP is expected to be at least as useful as balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
Optimizing Reaction Conditions for the Isomerization of Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters to Their Branch Chain Products
Authors: Reaume Stephen J. , Ellis Naoko
Published: November 2010

In order to improve the oxidative stability and cold flow properties of oleic acid or methyl oleate, branch chain isomerization was conducted using a beta zeolite catalyst. Reaction conditions of temperature (200–300 °C), pressure (0.1–3.0 MPa), and co‐catalyst (0–2 wt%) were optimized based on branch chain conversion and the cloud point of the ester following the isomerization reaction of oleic acid or methyl oleate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatograph equipped with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were used to analyze and quantify the isomerization product samples, while the cloud point of each sample was tested. The lowest and therefore, best cloud point measured was −15.2 °C at conditions of 200 °C, 3 MPa, and 2% co‐catalyst using methyl oleate as a starting material. The highest branch chain conversion achieved was 50% under conditions of 300 °C, 1.5 MPa and 0% co‐catalyst using oleic acid as a starting material. The use of oleic acid and methyl oleate is based on whether it is optimal to carry out the skeletal isomerization before or after the esterification reaction. Performing the isomerization reaction on the ester was preferred over the fatty acid based on the trans isomerization and cloud point results. Reducing the unbranched trans isomers was desirable in obtaining a low cloud point.
Investigation of Chocolate Surfaces Using Profilometry and Low Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Dahlenborg Hanna , Millqvist‐Fureby Anna , Bergenståhl Björn , Kalnin Daniel J. E.
Published: November 2010

In this study we establish the use of optical non‐contact profilometry combined with low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV SEM) for the investigation of lipid surfaces. We illustrate, by using profilometry, a methodology for investigation of chocolate surface topology as a function of time, in the same area of interest. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis has been performed for profilometry data. Further, relating these results to LV SEM images provides complementary topological information and hence a useful toolkit for the study of the chocolate surface prior and post fat bloom formation. For the demonstration of the successful combination of these two analytical techniques, white chocolate pralines were stored at two temperature‐controlled conditions (at 18 °C, and cycled between 15 and 25 °C). Surface properties were then investigated during 36 weeks of storage. The surface images and the roughness parameters indicated distinct development of surface characteristics for the two storage conditions. From the results it is suggested that some imperfections, in the form of pores or protrusions, could play a role in fat bloom development and that there may be different main mechanisms of fat migration taking place for the different storage environments. In the present work, a positive correlation of profilometry data to chocolate surface characteristics and early bloom development has been established. There are indications that early prediction of fat bloom can be possible, however further work needs to be done to quantify prediction of fat bloom.
Identification and Validation of Soy Peptides with In‐vitro Hemagglutination Activity
Authors: Ma Yating , Wang Tong
Published: November 2010

We previously demonstrated that different enzyme hydrolysates of soybean agglutinin (SBA), β‐conglycinin and glycinin‐rich fractions had in‐vitro hemagglutination activities. In the present study, the three proteins were subjected to trypsin hydrolysis, and N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine (GalNAc)‐agarose beads were used to isolate the active peptides. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight (MALDI−TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) was used to determine the mass of the peptides and the molecular weights were compared to the peptide profiles given by theoretical cleavage of the proteins, so that the peptide sequence could be identified. Two peptides from SBA, 24 peptides from β‐conglycinin and 16 peptides from glycinin were identified from the active peptide extracts. The two SBA peptides, three peptides from β‐conglycinin having strong MS signal intensity and three peptides from glycinin with strong MS intensity were synthesized and their activities were assessed by using the in‐vitro hemagglutination assay. These peptides were proven to have hemagglutination activity, whereas a synthesized control peptide from SBA did not. These results validated our previous observation of various soy protein fractions having hemagglutination activities.
The shear dynamo problem for small magnetic Reynolds numbers
Authors: SRIDHAR S. , SINGH NISHANT K.
Published: November 2010

We study large-scale kinematic dynamo action due to turbulence in the presence of a linear shear flow in the low-conductivity limit. Our treatment is non-perturbative in the shear strength and makes systematic use of both the shearing coordinate transformation and the Galilean invariance of the linear shear flow. The velocity fluctuations are assumed to have low magnetic Reynolds number (Rem), but could have arbitrary fluid Reynolds number. The equation for the magnetic fluctuations is expanded perturbatively in the small quantity,Rem. Our principal results are as follows: (i) the magnetic fluctuations are determined to the lowest order inRemby explicit calculation of the resistive Green's function for the linear shear flow; (ii) the mean electromotive force is then calculated and an integro-differential equation is derived for the time evolution of the mean magnetic field. In this equation, velocity fluctuations contribute to two different kinds of terms, the ‘C’ and ‘D’ terms, respectively, in which first and second spatial derivatives of the mean magnetic field, respectively, appear inside the space–time integrals; (iii) the contribution of theDterm is such that its contribution to the time evolution of the cross-shear components of the mean field does not depend on any other components except itself. Therefore, to the lowest order inRem, but to all orders in the shear strength, theDterm cannot give rise to a shear-current-assisted dynamo effect; (iv) casting the integro-differential equation in Fourier space, we show that the normal modes of the theory are a set of shearing waves, labelled by their sheared wavevectors; (v) the integral kernels are expressed in terms of the velocity-spectrum tensor, which is the fundamental dynamical quantity that needs to be specified to complete the integro-differential equation description of the time evolution of the mean magnetic field; (vi) theCterm couples different components of the mean magnetic field, so they can, in principle, give rise to a shear-current-type effect. We discuss the application to a slowly varying magnetic field, where it can be shown that forced non-helical velocity dynamics at low fluid Reynolds number does not result in a shear-current-assisted dynamo effect.
Punjabi Refugees’ Rehabilitation and the Indian State: Discourses, Denials and Dissonances
Authors: TALBOT IAN
Published: November 2010

Studies of Punjabi partition-related refugee resettlement have revealed a gap between official accounts and those provided by migrants. The former seek to legitimize the state by narrating its role in the transformation of helpless refugees into productive citizens. First hand accounts on the other hand frequently write the state out of the rehabilitation process. This paper seeks firstly to illustrate these processes at work by contrasting the narrative account contained in the Government of India publication, The Story of Rehabilitation, with interview material collected amongst former refugees. It then goes on to reveal the presence of state agency in cases of rehabilitation, despite refugee denial. Finally, it explores the refugee-state tensions arising from migrants’ experience of local level bureaucratic and police services’ corruption, which goes some way towards explaining the narrative dissonances.
Denuclearisation practices of Kazakhstan: performing sovereign identity, preserving national security
Authors: ABZHAPAROVA AIDA
Published: November 2010

In this article, I investigate the processes of the discursive construction of the identity of Kazakhstan as a sovereign and non-nuclear state, and show how the construction and performance of these identities are both productive and the product of Nuclear Weapons Technology (NWT) as a threat to the national security of Kazakhstan. I argue that both practices – the production of the state identity and the abolition of the ex-Soviet nuclear arsenal from the territory of Kazakhstan – are instrumental ways to secure the values of Kazakhstan, in this case the existence of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state.
Reconceiving the balance of power: a review essay
Authors: ZHANG FENG
Published: November 2010

Richard Little's new book has considerably widened the scope for thinking about the balance of power in International Relations (IR), both by beginning to provide a conceptual history of the idea and by expanding existing balance-of-power models. His concept of the associational balance of power is an important corrective to the prevailing realist understanding of the balance of power. However, Little does not explore more fully the relationship between the balance of power as a myth and a reality. Moreover, the usefulness of distinction between adversarial and association balance of power is not given a direct evaluation against the historical record, nor is his own composite model of the balance of power partly based on the distinction fully developed.
Conceptions of Family Caregivers: Implications for Professional Practice
Authors: Guberman Nancy , Maheu Pierre
Published: November 2010

The formal sector's increasing recourse to families poses questions concerning the type and degree of participation that is expected of family caregivers and the conceptions that exist regarding them. This article examines different conceptions and their implications for practice, based on reflexions emanating from the authors' 15 years of empirical research on caregiving. A typology of practice approaches based on the various conceptions is presented including: the dependent adult approach, the caregiver as joint-client, the caregiver as resource and the caregiver as partner approach. Each of these approaches is based on a framework of beliefs, values and principles which shape policy and practice and have implications for how caregivers are perceived and served. The authors propose an alternative community-oriented approach which addresses the limitations of those which currently dominate homecare policy and practice.
Exploring the Relationships Between Families and Staff Caring for Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities: Family Members' Perspectives
Authors: Gladstone James , Wexler Evelyn
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn more about the relationships that families develop with staff who work in the facilities in which their relatives live. Data were collected through participant observation in two long-term care facilities and through personal interviews with 61 family members. Five types of relationships emerged from the data, including relationships that were “collegial,” “professional,” “friendship,” “distant,” and “tense”. Several factors appeared to be associated with positive relationships developed between families and staff, including contact with purpose, shared experiences, and issues of trust. Families also reported a number of benefits from developing positive relationships with staff.
Younger Adults Can Be More Suggestible than Older Adults: The Influence of Learning Differences on Misinformation Reporting
Authors: Marche Tammy A. , Jordan Jason J. , Owre Keith P.
Published: November 2010

The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether differences in the strength of original information influence adult age differences in susceptibility to misinformation. One-half of the younger and older adults watched a slide sequence once (one-trial learning) that depicted a theft, whereas the remaining participants viewed the slide sequence repeatedly to ensure that all critical details were encoded (criterion learning). Three weeks later and immediately prior to final testing, participants were asked questions that contained misleading information. As expected, the degree of initial learning influenced age differences in misinformation reporting. That is, when event memory was poorer for older than younger adults (in the criterion learning condition), older adults were more susceptible to misinformation than younger adults. However, when memory of the event was poor (in the one-trial learning condition), the younger adults reported more misled details than the older adults, possibly because the younger adults had better memory for the misleading information. Therefore, strength of initial memory influences the extent and direction of adult suggestibility and helps explain the discrepancy found across studies in this area.
Ellen M. Gee and Gloria M. Gutman (Eds). The Overselling of Population Aging: Apocalyptic Demography, Intergenerational Challenges and Social Policy. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Authors: Arber Sara
Published: November 2010

Ce collectif fournit des arguments succincts et clairs en opposition aux différents mythes constituant le centre de la démographie apocalyptique. Rédigé par des sociologues canadiens reconnus et des experts en politiques sociales, il présente des points de vue canadiens variés sur les divers aspects de la démographie apocalyptique. Au centre des thèmes abordés se trouve la notion selon laquelle il est faux d'établir des projections à partir des tendances démographiques pour faire ressortir les besoins en soins de santé, des données sur l'espérance d'une vie en santé, les besoins de prestation de soins non constitués et les coûts des pensions. Le livre démontre de quelle façon la rhétorique des « soignants » fait ressortir la notion que les aîné(e)s sont dépendant(e)s, passifs/ives et encombrant(e)s.
German E. Berrios and John R. Hodges (Eds.) Memory disorders in psychiatric practice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Authors: Gagnon Michèle
Published: November 2010

Le livre intitulé Memory disorders in psychiatric practice offre aux lecteurs une revue complète des troubles mnésiques fréquemment associés aux divers syndromes psychiâtriques. Le contenu est partagé en quatres grandes sections qui discutent en premier lieu les bases historiques et conceptuelles de la mémoire, en deuxième lieu, les syndromes mnésiques plus classiques, et en troisième lieu, quelques nouveaux syndromes moins connus. La quatrième section aborde les questions en matière légale. Généralement, les chapitres offrent une revue variée et contemporaine de ces thèmes tout en y apportant une perspective clinique. Ce livre représente ainsi une resource importante pour les cliniciens et étudiants en psychiâtrie, en neuropsychologie, et en neurologie.
Relationship Between Acute Care Hospital-Based Factors and Discharge Destination for Rehabilitation Following a Hip Fracture
Authors: Chesworth Bert M. , Speechley Mark , Hartford Kathleen , Crilly Richard
Published: November 2010

Hospitals may transfer seniors with a hip fracture to various rehabilitation settings. Knowing the relationship between hospital teaching status and post-acute rehabilitation setting may help evaluations of the transfer from acute care. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hospital teaching status and rehabilitation destination following acute care in seniors with a hip fracture. Hospital separations were linked with home care records to identify hip fractures and hospital-based or home care rehabilitation (n = 806). Two logistic regression models determined the likelihood of transfer to any rehabilitation destination and to hospital-based versus home care rehabilitation. Teaching hospitals were no more likely than non-teaching hospitals to discharge patients to any rehabilitation (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.88,1.65). However, among those referred to rehabilitation, the odds of discharge to hospital-based versus home care rehabilitation were almost four times greater for patients in teaching hospitals (OR 3.76, 95% CI 2.23, 6.37). The results are consistent with the availability of post-acute rehabilitation in the planning area. Future study of post-acute rehabilitation outcomes should consider hospital teaching status as an indicator of how hospital-based factors may affect the utilization of post-acute rehabilitation.
Comparison of Adult Day Services in Atlantic Canada, Maine, and Vermont
Authors: Weeks Lori E. , Roberto Karen A.
Published: November 2010

In both Canada and the United States, adult day services (ADS) are an integral component in the array of long-term care services available. We compared characteristics of programs and participant characteristics in Atlantic Canada, Maine, and Vermont. Directors of 47 ADS programs responded to a mailed survey. Individual ADS programs in each province and state exhibited unique program and participant characteristics. ADS programs in the two countries differed with respect to: affiliation, location, levels of government support, participant fees, organizational sponsorship, hours of operation, months of attendance, and hours attended per day. Participant characteristics that varied between the two countries were educational level, physical needs, and cognitive status. The results of this study provide new comparative information that can be used in guiding future research and program development of ADS.
Kenneth Rockwood, & Chris MacKnight. Understanding dementia: A primer of diagnosis and management. Halifax, NS: Pottersfield, 2001
Authors: Gagnon Michèle , Carter Angela M. , Awad Nesrine , Tsiakas Mariya
Published: November 2010

Le livre Understanding Dementia de Rockwood et MacKnight aborde la démence avec une approche clinique structurée. Le livre est bien organisé et présente aux médecins de famille une méthode séquentielle utilisée pour aborder le diagnostic de démence. Les auteurs présentent aussi plusieurs cas cliniques et vignettes qui aident le médecin à poser un diagnostic différentiel. Plusieurs types de démence y sont abordés et la structure des visites de patients est décrite en détail. Le livre termine sur une description utile des différents problèmes comportementaux caractérisant chaque démence et sur une présentation des traitements pharmacologiques disponibles. L'approche pragmatique utilisée présente cependant un inconvénient, elle simplifie le processus diagnostique en proposant l'utilisation du Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), l'approche neuropsychologique dans le processus diagnostique n'étant mentionnée que dans certains cas. Le livre présente cependant plusieurs points forts avec l'inclusion de tableaux, d'examples cliniques utiles ainsi qu'une liste de ressources pour les aidants naturels.
Robert Pool Negotiating a good death: Euthanasia in the Netherlands. New York: Haworth, 2000.
Authors: Briller Sherylyn H.
Published: November 2010

Ce livre présente des comtes-rendus descriptifs de la pratique de l'euthanasie dans un hôpital de taille moyenne des Pays-Bas, avant que l'euthanasie n'y soit légalisée en 2001, ce qui était une première. Par le biais d'une analyse anthropologique, l'auteur explore le débat et les gestes entourant dix cas où des demandes d'euthanasie ont été présentées au personnel de l'hôpital. Le livre illustre en fait la complexité éthique et pratique de cette prise de décision à propos de la fin de la vie. À un micro-niveau, il documente la façon dont le personnel de l'hôpital a tenté de s'assurer que les voeux des patients étaient respectés dans le maintien de la dignité. Le livre ajoute une exploration ethnographique du contexte social de l'euthanasie aux Pays-Bas à la documentation didactique sur le passage de la vie à la mort. L'approche est cependant limitée dans la mesure où elle porte surtout sur la perspective des médecins, des patients et de leur famille et néglige la participation d'autres intervenants comme les professionnels de la santé, les membres du clergé et les travailleurs sociaux. Le livre s'adresse à de nombreux lecteurs, notamment les cliniciens, les responsables des politiques, les scientifiques sociaux et le grand public qui s'intéressent à ce sujet fortement controversé qu'est l'euthanasie.
Mario Paquet. Les Professionnels et les familles dans le soutien aux personnes âgées dépendantes. Montréal, QC: Harmattan, 2000.
Authors: Guberman Nancy
Published: November 2010

This book is based on a doctoral thesis (itself comprised of four published articles and a conclusion) defended by Mario Paquet in 1998. The subject is the reluctance (réticence) of caregivers to use formal support services. The value of this book lies in its elucidating the challenge faced by professionals as they try to comprehend family dynamics from the standpoint of caregivers rather than from their own institutional perspective. Despite this positive contribution, the book has two major limitations. The first concerns the methodology chosen for examining family dynamics. Although the author situates himself within the paradigm of the actor and a constructivist epistemology, for less than convincing reasons, the majority of the data is derived from interviews with key informants (e.g., professionals) rather than with caregivers themselves. The author is thus compelled to discern the logic of one actor vis-à-vis another from the perspective of the latter. The second reservation pertains to use of the term ‘réticence’ to describe the hesitancy of caregivers to use formal services. To conceptualize non-use as réticence, which must be overcome to prevent caregiver burnout, reflects the perspective of professional service providers. This book may be of interest to newcomers to the field of caregiving but of less interest to those familiar with the literature in this area.