bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness Study of Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Children Admitted to Putri Hijau Kesdam I/Bb Hospital Medan
Authors: Dasopang Eva Sartika , Hasanah Fenny , Bakri Teddy Kurniawan , Isma Muktia
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria, especially attacking the digestive tract. Chloramphenicol is the main drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever. But along with the advancement of the medical field, other medicines were developed. Ceftriaxone is an effective drug for the treatment of typhoid fever in the short term. But the price of ceftriaxone is more expensive.
AIM: The aim of this study was comparative effectiveness study of Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone in the treatment of typhoid fever in children admitted to Putri Hijau Kesdam I/BB Hospital Medan
METHODS: This study was conducted cross-sectionally about the treatment of typhoid fever in children who were hospitalized at TK II PutriHijau Hospital Kesdam I/BB Medan. the patient used cloramfenikol antibiotics in 13 patients and used ceftriaxone in 17 patients. Patient age ranges from 0-19 years. Antibiotic analysis is the best effectiveness using the ACER method.
RESULTS: He results of the patient characteristics show that the children of patients who suffer from typhoid fever, the highest age is 12-16 years (50%), by gender male 60% and female 40%. Patients hospitalized using chloramfenicol averaged 6.53 days (7 days) while ceftriaxon averaged 4.17 days. The average number of direct medical costs in pediatric patients suffering from typhoid fever using cloramfenikol was 3,212,776/patient while ceftriaxon 1,967,045/patient. Cost effectiveness analysis using ACER method obtained results for cloramenicenicol at 492.002/day and ceftriaxon 471,713/day
CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone has a better treatment effectiveness compared to chloramphenicol in typhoid fever patients in children.
Activity Anticancer n-hexane Fraction of Cyperus Rotundus l. Rhizome to Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cell Line
Authors: Simorangkir Delisma , Masfria Masfria , Harahap Urip , Satria Denny
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in Indonesia. Failures that often occur in the treatment of cancer primarily through chemotherapy, synthetic drugs that have side effects include anemia, alopecia, cardiotoxic and hepatotoxic due to low anti-cancer selectivity and unclear carcinogenesis process. Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome is one of the medicinal plants that potential enough to be developed as an anticancer agent.
AIM: The aim of this study was to anticancer activity n-hexane fraction Cyperus rotundus L. rhizomes to breast cancer MCF-7 cell line in vitro.
METHODS: Cyperus rutundus L. rhizomes powder was extracted ethanol by percolation then fractionated with n-hexane. Phytochemical screening was then carried out. The cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane fraction was determined by observing this extract on MCF-7 cells using the (3- (4,5-dimethylimidazole-2-il) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT). Selectivity index (IS) of normal cells (Vero cells). Cell cycle and apoptosis induction were analyzed by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: The result showed that the fraction n-hexane Cyperus rutundus L. rhizome has anticancer activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells with accumulation cell cycle in the G0-G1 phase and through induction of apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: The n-hexane fraction Cyperus rotundus L. rhizome has potent anticancer activity.
Expert-Informed Habitat Suitability Analysis for At-Risk Species Assessment and Conservation Planning
Authors: Crawford Brian A. , Maerz John C. , Moore Clinton T.
Published: February 2020

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is responsible for reviewing the biological status of hundreds of species to determine federal status designations under the Endangered Species Act. The longleaf pine Pinus palustris ecological system supports many priority at-risk species designated for review, including five species of herpetofauna: gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, southern hognose snake Heterodon simus, Florida pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus, gopher frog Lithobates (Rana) capito, and striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus. To inform status decisions and conservation planning, we developed habitat suitability models to 1) identify habitat features that best predict species presence and 2) estimate the amount and distribution of suitable habitat across each species' range under current conditions. We incorporated expert judgment from federal, state, and other partners to capture variation in ecological settings across species' ranges, prioritize predictor variables to test in models, mitigate data limitations by informing the selection of pseudoabsence points, qualitatively evaluate model estimates, and improve the likelihood that experts will trust and use model predictions for conservation. Soil characteristics, land cover, and fire interval strongly influenced habitat suitability for all species. Suitable habitat was distributed on known species strongholds, as well as private lands without known species records. Between 4.7% (gopher frog) and 14.6% (gopher tortoise) of the area in a species' range was classified as suitable habitat, and between 28.1% (southern hognose snake) and 47.5% (gopher frog) of suitable habitat was located in patches larger than 1 km2 (100 ha) on publicly owned lands. By overlaying predictions for each species, we identified areas of suitable habitat for multiple species on protected and unprotected lands. These results have direct applications to management and conservation planning: partners can tailor site-level management based on attributes associated with high habitat suitability for species of concern; allocate survey effort in areas with suitable habitat but no known species records; and identify priority areas for management, land acquisitions, or other strategies based on the distribution of species records, suitable habitat, and land protection status. These results can aid regional partners in implementing effective conservation strategies and inform status designation decisions of the USFWS.
Le « vouloir-faire débutant » de stagiaires en EPS : instruire et éduquer
Authors: Magendie Elisabeth
Published: February 2020

Cette recherche vise à identifier le « vouloir-faire débutant » qui engage des stagiaires EPS en deuxième année de master, c’est-à-dire ce dont ils se sentent responsables et pour lequel ils ont une obligation morale. Elle s’efforce de comprendre comment, dans un contexte d’intervention en mutation, ces derniers construisent ou peinent à construire de nouvelles responsabilités. Nous appréhendons pour ce faire, dans une perspective de didactique professionnelle, les éléments contextuels renvoyant aux différents horizons institutionnel, culturel et social, qui organisent leur activité lorsqu’ils interviennent auprès des élèves. Nous avons identifié deux grandes responsabilités qui sont engagées, souhaitées ou reportées par les stagiaires observés. La première renvoie à un impératif d’instruction ; la seconde à un impératif d’éducation. Après avoir discuté les résultats, nous présentons quelques implications pour la formation en guise de conclusion.
Thermal Modeling of Transport Phenomena for a Pulsed Laser Melting Process
Authors: Sukumar Siladitya , Kar Satya Prakash
Published: February 2020

Single pulsed laser melting in a cylindrical titanium alloy work piece is studied numerically using an axisymmetric model. Finite volume method and Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA) are used for discretization of the energy equation and solving the resulting algebraic equation respectively in order to obtain temperature distribution inside the computational domain. Heat losses from the irradiated surface takes place through convection and radiation and other surfaces are kept insulated. A volumetric and Gaussian laser is irradiated on the work piece. Validation of the present model with the existing literature is done first and the results agree very well. Then, the detailed transport phenomena during the laser melting process is studied using the model. The enthalpy porosity technique is used track the melt pool shape and size. The role of natural convection and Marangoni convection in controlling the shape of melt pool is discussed. Maximum temperature results at domain centre and it then decreases exponentially along the axial and radial direction of the work piece because of Gaussian nature of the pulse. The numerical results obtained can provide the direction to develop models for all type of laser applications used in the industry.
Multi Objective Optimization of Joining Dissimilar AA5083& AA6061 Alloys Using Friction Stir Welding- Integrated Taguchi and Grey Systems Approach
Authors: Ravi Sankar B. , Umamaheswarrao P. , Rajasekhara Babu K. , Pardhasaradhi M.
Published: February 2020

In this study, multi objective optimization for improving the joining characteristics of dissimilar AA5083-AA6061 alloys during FSW has been presented. Tool rotational speed, feed and tilt angle are the input parameters whereas tensile strength and hardness are the responses. Experiments are planned and conducted as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Main effects plot and contour plot discloses the parametric influence over the responses. Hybrid GRA and PCA were deployed as tools to perform multi objective optimization. Results pointed out the fact that tilt angle played vital role in affecting the responses followed by feed and tool rotational speed. The optimum parametric settings obtained are speed 710 rpm, Feed 50 mm/rev, and Tilt angle 2o.
Influence of Temperature on Low Cycle Fatigue and Ratcheting Behavior of SA333 Gr-6 C-Mn Steel
Authors: Kumar Girendra , Bar H.N , Sivaprasad S. , Kumar Ashok
Published: February 2020

The aim of this investigation is to study the influence of temperature on the cyclic plastic deformation behavior of SA333 Gr-6 steel at two loading conditions. Strain-controlled cyclic loading experiments were carried out at ± 0.5% total strain amplitude, 1×10-3 s-1 strain rate, and temperature varied from RT to 400°C, whereas stress controlled ratcheting experiments were conducted at fixed mean stress (σm) of 50 MPa and stress amplitude (σa) of 400 MPa, 115 MPa s-1 stress rate, and in the temperature range of RT to 350°C. The investigated steel shows cyclic hardening characteristic at DSA temperature regime in both the loading condition. The steel shows lower fatigue lives at 250°C and 300°C temperatures even though plastic strain amplitude is smaller. The ratcheting life of the steel increases and strain accumulation decreases with the increase in temperature up to 300°C and on further increment in temperature ratcheting life get decreased. The steel shows greater cyclic hardening at both the loading conditions at 300°C.
Bacterial Cellulose Based Composites: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Choudhary Princy , Jaiswal Arpit , Singh Sangeeta , Gupta Saurabh Kumar
Published: February 2020

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is a biologically derived material having properties that present it as a biomaterial, with potential application in various fields. BC based composites capitalize its properties and enhance its applications. Bacterial cellulose composites were prepared with poly (methyl methacrylate) and polyvinyl alcohol and characterized for optical transmittance, structural properties and tensile test. The transmittance of composites was found to be decreased for higher BC content in composites. Scanning electron micrographs depicts the fibrous structures of bacterial cellulose embedded in PMMA matrix while diffused with PVA matrix and dimension of fibres are in nanometer. Tensile strength of the composites were varying with the change in BC content with maximum strength in BC-PMMA and BC-PVA composites is of 2%BC in PMMA and 25% BC in PVA, respectively. This work is intended to impel research activity for applications of BC composites in area of packaging materials, tissue engineering, and wound dressing materials.
Synthesis of PMN-PT/PDMS Piezoelectric Composite for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Roy Amritendu
Published: February 2020

Research in renewable and clean energy has reached an unprecedented magnitude owing to the growing concerns over environmental hazards caused by the traditional fuels. In this regard, solar, wind and tidal energies are considered to meet large scale energy requirements. Small, stand-alone electronic devices which are growing in numbers in next generation smart cities, can be powered by scavenging energy from sources which would otherwise remain unused, such as mechanical vibrations. The source of mechanical vibration could have diverse origins, ranging from vibrations of machines to flow of wind, motion of automobiles, and human footfall etc. Energy harvesting from the above sources can be achieved through the principle of piezoelectricity. In the present work, piezoelectric ceramic (1-x) Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-xPbTiO3 at x = 0.3 was prepared using conventional solid state method. Lead magnesium niobate and lead titanate (PMN-PT) solid solution within the morphotropic phase boundary composition considerably fulfils the essential piezoelectric characteristics for a high energy density harvester. However, PMN-PT is brittle and thus difficult to assemble directly into an energy harvesting system. Hence flexible piezoelectric composite of 20 wt % PMN-PT and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was fabricated to evaluate its energy harvesting capability. Structural and microstructural characterization of the synthesized composite were performed using x-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Electrical characterization was carried out using Keithley 6517B high resistance electrometer.
Development of Hybrid Composites with Improved Heat Insulation Capability Using Short Human Hair Fiber
Authors: Nanda Bishnu Prasad , Satapathy Alok
Published: February 2020

Human hair dumped in the waste streams as a waste material in most of the societies which creates many environmental problems, but it has many exceptional physical, mechanical and microstructural properties. The present investigation aims at developing a class of hybrid composite with improved insulation capabilities consisting of epoxy, short hair fibers (SHF), and solid glass microspheres (SGM). Solid glass microspheres (10 wt. %) filled epoxy based hybrid composites are fabricated with four distinct fiber loading (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 wt. %). Density and effective thermal conductivity of these composites are measured experimentally following appropriate ASTM standards. The measured effective thermal conductivities (Keff) are compared with theoretical values from “Rule of Mixture” model. It is noticed that thermal conductivity of the composite decreases with increase in fiber content. Micro-structural characterization such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the composite has been done to know the surface morphology, crystallinity and functional groups present in the composite. It is found that with the incorporation of 20 wt. % hair fiber along with 10 wt. % of SGM the thermal conductivity of the epoxy is reduced by about 27 %.
Optimization of EDM Process Parameters of Thixoformed A356-5TiB2 In Situ Composites
Authors: Kumar Sahini Deepak , Dewangan Shailesh , Ghose Joyjeet , Jha S.K.
Published: February 2020

The present work reports the influence of various Electric-Discharge Machining (EDM) process parameters on the surface morphology and EDM characteristics of thixoformed A356-5TiB2 in-situ composites. The important EDM parameters such as pulse current, pulse-on time, Duty Cycle, etc. on Surface morphology and Material removal rate of the thixoformed A356-5TiB2 in-situ composites have been investigated. Further, the machining parameters were optimized using Fuzzy-logic and grey relational analysis approach. The effect of EDM parameters and their interactions on the erosion behavior of A356-5TiB2 in-situ composites on various aspects of surface integrity and Material Removal rate (MRR) is reported. The surface integrity during EDM was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and analyzed from the machinability point of view. Thus, this work is an attempt to study the machinability behavior of thixoformed A356-5TiB2 in-situ composites.
Investigation on the Influence of Different Additives on Properties of Green Sand Mould
Authors: Sahoo Prafulla Kumar , Pattnaik Sarojrani , Sutar Mihir Kumar
Published: February 2020

Green sand mixtures which are used for moulding purposes in foundry industries should possess sufficient green compression strength, flowability, toughness and air-permeability. Usually, the aforementioned properties for a particular casting differ due to variation in composition of the moulding sand mixtures, sand grain shape and size, bonding capacity of the binder, type and quantity of additives used, etc. The present work focuses on the effect of various additives namely, camphor powder, coconut shell ash, mixture of camphor powder and coconut shell ash at diverse proportions on permeability and green compression strength of the sand moulds. The quantity of the aforementioned additives for experimentation was varied from 0.5 to 3.5 wt. %. It was found that the mould’s permeability increased on addition of 1 wt. % additives for all cases. Similarly, the optimum quantity of additives that needs to be added to the sand mixtures for enhancing green compression strength was found to be 2 wt. %. Among all the additives used for improving the mould’s permeability, substitution of camphor exhibited best results. The green compression strength was found to be highest for the coconut shell ash containing sand mould. The moulding sand containing a combination of camphor powder and coconut shell ash between 1 to 2 wt. % exhibited fine mould permeability along with sufficient green strength.
Experimental Investigation of Surface Modified Abaca Fibre
Authors: Sinha Agnivesh Kumar Sinha , Narang HK , Bhattacharya Somnath
Published: February 2020

Natural fibres have gained popularity due to their use in fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites which are not only non-polluting but are also light weight and inexpensive. Abaca fibres are known for their remarkable properties for which their polymer composites are used in automotive applications. However, hydrophilicity and compatibility with polymer matrices are the two major drawbacks of natural fibres which restrict their use as reinforcements in polymer composites. Therefore, present study deals with the surface modifications of abaca fibre using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide solutions to enhance crystallinity and reduce hydrophilicity of abaca fibres. Further, the surfaces of untreated and treated fibre were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surface treatment of abaca fibre led to the removal of unwanted wax, and other amorphous materials which was confirmed through FTIR analysis. Crystallinity index was found to be 57%, 59% and 61% for untreated, NaOH treated and KMnO4 treated abaca fibre respectively.
Resistance Spot Welded Al 1100 Alloy with Carbonaceous Interlayers
Authors: Das Tanmoy , Kumar Praveen , Paul Jinu
Published: February 2020

Weld and surface properties of Al 1100 alloy by incorporating graphene nanoparticles, different varieties of graphite and CNTs interlayer has been studied here. The incorporation of different carbonaceous interlayers was achieved by drop casting and alloy plates were joined together by resistance spot welding technique. A single optimum welding current and time parameter was chosen by trial and error method. Lap shear tests were carried out to find the peak load bearing strengths of the alloy plates processed at the constant welding current and time conditions and a comparison of the weld strength is made. Highest load bearing capacity was exhibited by the base material as compared to that of carbonaceous nanoparticles. Microstructural characterization was done by optical microscopy and SEM. XRD was carried out to find the formation of any intermetallics or phases during the processing. Fractography was studied to analyze the underlying fracture mechanism. Micro-hardness of the Al samples processed with different carbonaceous reinforcements was found out and the maximum hardness was exhibited by the finer sized carbon nanoparticles. A comparative study is being made between the various carbonaceous nanoparticles employed here.
The Influence of Moisture Absorption on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Chemically Treated DPL Reinforced Hybrid Composite
Authors: Swain Priyadarshi Tapas Ranjan , Das Sankar Narayan , Patnaik Prabina Kumar , Purohit Abhilash
Published: February 2020

Moisture absorption of natural fiber-based composites is one of the major problems in outdoor applications. The present study deals with the effect of moisture absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of unmodified/modified Date Palm Leaf (DPL) with glass fiber-based hybrid composites. Natural fibers were modified with alkaline treatment to improve fiber and matrix bonding. Conventional hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate the composites with varying different wt.% of treated and untreated short DPL with constant wt.% of glass fiber and prepared with random oriented manner. The combine effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature find out as the study based upon the natural with synthetic fiber hybrid composites. Mechanical behaviour of the epoxy-based hybrid composites were characterized by using tensile, flexural and hardness test. The results revealed that significant improvement in mechanical properties by the addition of different weight percentage of modified DPL. Different thermal properties of the composites were described by using Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC). Morphological investigation was carried out to by using scanning electron microscope. All the properties of untreated natural fiber reinforced composites were mostly affected by the influence of water absorption as compared with chemically treated based composites.
Role of Marangoni Convection in a Repetitive Laser Melting Process
Authors: Das Saurabh , Kar Satya Prakash
Published: February 2020

To effectively interpret the fluid flow dynamics in the molten metal pool, a numerical model was established. The moving repetitive Gaussian laser pulse is irradiated in the work piece. The consideration of laser scanning speed makes the transport phenomena complex. The continuity and momentum equations are solved to get the flow velocity of the molten metal in the melt pool. The energy equation is solved to know the temperature field in the work piece. The algebraic equations obtained after discretization of the governing equations by Finite Volume Method (FVM) are then solved by the Tri Diagonal Matrix Method. Enthalpy-porosity technique is used to capture the position of the melt front which determines the shape of the melt pool. Marangoni convection is considered to know its effect on the shape of the melt pool. The surface tension coefficient is taken as both positive and negative value while calculating the Marangoni force. The two possible cases will cause the Marangoni force to distort the flow dynamics in the melt pool . It's dominance over the buoyancy force in controlling the melt pool shape is focused in the present study. Further, the present model will present an insight to the consequences of laser scanning velocity over the melt pool dimensions and shape.
Simulative Estimation of Reaction Force and Drill Accuracy of CFRP Composites
Authors: Dimple Dannana , Elango Prashant , Prakash Marimuthu K.
Published: February 2020

The present work deals with the finite element simulation of drilling of fibre-reinforced composites. The simulation is done using commercially available software. Hashin failure criteria has been used to simulate the drilling process. Three dimensional drill model was created and Hashin failure is defined via VUMAT sub-routine. Three-dimensional Hashin failure have larger stress and strain analysis resolution. This research is focused on validating reaction force and accuracy of drill. Reaction force obtained in composite drilling simulation is compared with experimental data. The work is focused on reproducing the simulation of composite modelling and composite damage rather than theoretical explanation of composite material and mathematical model behind the simulation. Thus, laying the knowledge to simulate composite fibres failure.
Investigation on the Optical, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) Via. Different Routes: A Comparative Analysis of Micro and Nanoparticles
Authors: Panda Bandana , Behera Dhrubananda
Published: February 2020

In the proceeding way of material research in the field of manganites, LCMO micro and nanoparticles are synthesized via. the solid-state reaction route, glycine-nitrate combustion method respectively. The phase confirmation is done by XRD, FT-IR technique and the surface morphology viewed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The energy band gap obtained from Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy clearly suggests that the band gap of nanoparticles (2.06eV) is larger than that of the microparticles (1.58eV). Both samples comprise of wide band-gap semiconductor, so the refractive index is calculated using Herve and Vandamme relation. The impedance spectroscopy and dielectric properties of the two samples are studied from room temperature to 100oC over the frequency range 102-106 Hz. The Cole-Cole plot of impedance is fitted using the RC-Circuit R(QgRg)(QgbRgb)(CRin). The dielectric property is found to be enhanced in nanoparticles as compared to the microparticles. The findings suggest the nanoparticles be promising candidates in the field of high frequency devices as compared to micro.
Binary Mixture of Solid-Solid Phase Change Material: Synthesis, Characterization and Experimental Study
Authors: Raj Cyril Reuben , Suresh S. , Upadhyay Arijit , Govind K. Akash , Nivethaa R.
Published: February 2020

In this work, a class of polyol solid-solid phase change material where Neopentyl glycol is mixed in 6 and 2 wt.% of Pentaerythritol and was synthesized by physical blending method to obtain homogeneous mixture and thermally cycled for 500 times. The surface morphology, chemical composition, crystal phase identification, thermal degradation, and phase change phenomena were characterized. The phase transition temperatures and enthalpies upon heating and cooling of 6 and 2 wt.% of Pentaerythritol are found to be 43.1 °C, 133 J g-1, and 28.2 °C, 119 J g-1, and 41.2 °C, 121 J g-1, and 28.5 °C, 106 J g-1, respectively which suits for electronic system to keep under operating zone. Laser Flash Apparatus was used to find the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity value was calculated. Further, the effect of heat transfer in binary polyol mixtures were experimentally analysed through conventional heat sink for electronic cooling application.
Limit Elastic Analysis of FG Ceramic Rotating Disk on the Basis of Effective Mechanical Properties
Authors: Madan Royal , Saha Kashi Nath , Bhowmick Shubhankar
Published: February 2020

Functionally graded materials are prevalent among industries for its low weight compared to alloys. Depending upon the applications ceramic-ceramic materials can be graded to obtain novel functional combination. In a disk, yielding mainly occurs at the root, hence to overcome the yielding problem, Al2O3 material was used at the root and graded with different ceramics; as ceramics possess high yield strength. In composites, many methods are available to calculate effective mechanical properties and modified rule of mixture (MROM) is one of these. In MROM only single parameter, stress to strain transfer ratio needs to be identified which in present case was calculated using inverse approach i.e. by comparing Halpin-Tsai model with MROM. Variational formulation method was employed taking radial displacement field as unknown variable. The effective Young’s modulus calculated was then verified with experimental data and good agreement was seen. Further effective yield stress distribution was quantified and plotted to compare with von-Mises stress. Limit elastic speed then obtained was used to rank different ceramic-ceramic graded combinations. Limit speed defines the performance of disk and thus it was chosen as a selection parameter.
An Anomaly in Creep Property Dependence on Grain Size for Ultrafine Grain Nanocrystalline Nickel at Higher Creep Temperature
Authors: Meraj Md. , Pal Snehanshu
Published: February 2020

In this present study, molecular dynamics simulation of creep for ultrafine grain NC Ni specimens with different grain sizes have been carried out under a constant 1 GPa applied load for various creep temperatures to study the dependence of grain growth on creep temperature and grain size during creep process and its influence on creep properties. It is observed that the extent of grain growth in ultrafine grain NC Ni during creep deformation process is more if creep in creep temperature is higher. A noteworthy anomaly, that is NC Ni with smaller grain exhibits better creep property compared to NC Ni with larger grain, is observed in case of higher creep temperatures (i.e. around or greater than 1400K).
Process Parameter Effects over Bead Properties during Material Deposition of PTAW Process
Authors: Mandal Soumen , Kumar Subrata , Oraon Manish
Published: February 2020

The quality and geometry of deposited bead depend on their input process parameters and their interaction effects in fusion welding process. Minimum dilution and maximum bead size are the most desirable property in material processing applications. The effects of process parameters on dilution and bead geometry have been analysed during material deposition by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding (PTAW) process using the response surface method. The experimental data are used for modelling using three level factorial techniques. The mathematical models have been developed for bead height, width and dilution. The accuracy of the models has been checked using the analysis of variance. The effects of process parameters on bead geometry and dilution have been investigated.
Comparative Study of some Machining Characteristics during Hard Turning of Alloy Steel with Untreated and Cryotreated Cermet Inserts
Authors: Das Anshuman , Patel S.K. , Biswal B.B. , Santoshwar Aniket
Published: February 2020

Enhanced tool life of cutting inserts are most suitable condition for higher productivity of a manufacturing industry. Several methods are found and employed for higher tool life of cutting inserts among which cryogenic treatment is considered as the most significant method but no adequate researches have been found concerning the impact of cryogenic treatment on cermet inserts especially in hard turning operation. Hence, in the current experimental investigation, the comparative assessment of various responses such as flank wear, crater wear, chip morphology, and chip compression ratio were carried out during machining of hardened steel with both untreated and cryo-treated cermet inserts under dry cutting condition. Wear on the rake faces and flank faces were studied using advanced optical microscope, while chip morphology was studied using SEM. The experimental result demonstrated that the uncoated deep cryotreated with tempered cermet insert delivered better results in comparison to other cermet inserts. Deep cryogenically treated with tempered insert was found to be more suitable during machining of hardened steel because of the enhancement of wear resistance, micro hardness and toughness.
Performance Analysis of Vegetable Oil as Dielectric Fluid in Electric Discharge Machining Process of Inconel 800
Authors: Singaravel B. , Shekar K.Chandra , Reddy G.Gowtham , Deva Prasad S.
Published: February 2020

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a spark erosion process widely used to machine difficult-to-cut material by conventional machining method. The major elements of EDM process are work piece, electrode and dielectric fluid. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate vegetable oil as dielectric fluid and their process performance for machining of Inconel 800 in EDM process. The effects of dielectric fluids are investigated with vegetable oils and conventional dielectric fluid namely Sunflower oil and Kerosene respectively. The important input variables considered in this study are pulse on/off time, current and voltage. Three levels of energy setting are employed for machining with selected dielectric fluids. The output parameters are considered tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). In the present study effect of vegetable oil as dielectric fluid and the results are compared with conventional dielectric fluid. The result revealed that vegetable oils are successfully employed as dielectric fluids and they are having similar dielectric properties and erosion mechanism compared to conventional dielectric fluid. This proposed vegetable oil based dielectric fluids showed higher MRR than conventional dielectric. It shows vegetable oils have similar dielectric properties compared with conventional dielectric and it is possible to replace as dielectric fluid in EDM process.
NEUROCIENCIAS Y AUTO-SECULARIZACIÓN DEL CRISTIANISMO: RESONANCIAS EN IGLESIAS CRISTIANAS CHILENAS
Authors: Dockendorff Briones Cecilia , Romero Ocampo Javier Ernesto
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo presenta resultados de la etapa investigativa desarrollada en Chile como parte de la investigación internacional “Neurociencias y auto-secularización del cristianismo: ¿Un fundamento científico para la religiosidad?”. Dicha investigación se propuso caracterizar la forma (semánticas, organizaciones) en que comunicaciones neurocientíficas abordan fenómenos religiosos, la forma como éstas están siendo incorporadas en comunicaciones religiosas cristianas en algunos países de Europa y América, incluido Chile, y sus consecuencias para el proceso de auto-secularización de la religión. La etapa en Chile consistió en detectar resonancias por parte de personeros de iglesias cristianas a las comunicaciones estudiadas provenientes de los contextos extranjeros. No obstante, detectamos una alta resonancia positiva, se observó una significativa menor aceptación de las expresiones indicativas de mayor radicalidad de auto-secularización.
A user-friendly clinical practice guideline summary for managing low back pain in South Africa
Authors: Stander Jessica , Grimmer Karen , Brink Yolandi
Published: February 2020

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide conveniently packaged evidence-based recommendations to inform clinical decisions. However, intended end-users often do not know how to source, appraise, interpret or choose among CPGs. Moreover, it can be confusing when recommendations on the same topic differ among CPGs, in wording, intent and underpinning evidence.Objectives: This article reports on the processes of: (1) identifying current CPGs for acute and subacute low back pain (LBP) to fit the needs of South African physiotherapists, (2) collating and summarising CPG recommendations to produce a user-friendly end-user product and (3) testing the utility of the summary CPG document on South African physiotherapy clinicians to efficiently determine acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility to inform clinical decision-making.Method: An adapted approach was followed by systematically searching online CPG repositories and online databases for LBP CPGs; screening and critically appraising identified CPGs; summarising recommendations from relevant CPGs and organising them into clinical practice activities. Feedback on utility was obtained from 11 physiotherapists.Results: Three high-quality, international CPGs provided 25 recommendations on the assessment and management of acute and subacute LBP relevant to South African physiotherapy practice. They were organised into 10 headings. Physiotherapy user feedback suggested that this document would assist in clinical decision-making.Conclusion: Organised recommendations extracted from multiple, relevant CPGs provide an end-user-friendly resource for physiotherapists treating LBP.Clinical implications: Collated and organised CPG recommendations may effectively assist South African physiotherapists’ clinical decision-making in assessing and managing patients with acute and subacute LBP.
“Diabetic holiday foot syndrome”: Home and away
Authors: Beshyah Salem
Published: February 2020

Diabetic foot ulceration is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus worldwide. It is the most common cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients and is the most frequent cause of nontraumatic amputations. Furthermore, diabetic foot disease can impair patients' quality of life and affect social participation and livelihood. People with diabetes have a higher risk of foot ulceration during holidays, especially those taken in hot countries for various causes. These causative factors may also coexist at home. In this clinical vignette, two case histories, several photographic illustrations, and a focused review of the relevant literature are presented with the view of alerting practicing clinicians to such encounters.
The impact of initial conditions on convection-permitting simulations of a flood event over complex mountainous terrain
Authors: Li Lu , Pontoppidan Marie , Sobolowski Stefan , Senatore Alfonso
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Western Norway suffered major flooding after 4 d of
intense rainfall during the last week of October 2014. While events like
this are expected to become more frequent and severe under a warming
climate, convection-permitting scale models are showing their skill with respect to capturing their dynamics. Nevertheless, several sources of uncertainty need
to be taken into account, including the impact of initial conditions on
the precipitation pattern and discharge, especially over complex, mountainous
terrain. In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Hydrological modelling system (WRF-Hydro) is applied at a
convection-permitting scale, and its performance is assessed in western
Norway for the aforementioned flood event. The model is calibrated and
evaluated using observations and benchmarks obtained from the Hydrologiska
Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The calibrated WRF-Hydro model
performs better than the simpler conceptual HBV model, especially in areas
with complex terrain and poor observational coverage. The sensitivity of the
precipitation pattern and discharge to poorly constrained elements such as
spin-up time and snow conditions is then examined. The results show the following: (1) the convection-permitting WRF-Hydro simulation generally captures the
precipitation pattern/amount, the peak flow volume and the timing of the
flood event; (2) precipitation is not overly sensitive to spin-up time, whereas discharge is slightly more sensitive due to the influence of soil moisture,
especially during the pre-peak phase; and (3) the idealized snow depth
experiments show that a maximum of 0.5 m of snow is converted to runoff
irrespective of the initial snow depth and that this snowmelt contributes to
discharge mostly during the rainy and the peak flow periods. Although further
targeted experiments are needed, this study suggests that snow cover
intensifies the extreme discharge instead of acting as a sponge, which
implies that future rain-on-snow events may contribute to a higher flood risk.
An inter-comparison of the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice
in CMIP6 models
Authors: Keen Ann , Blockley Ed , Bailey David , Boldingh Debernard Jens , Bushuk Mitchell , Delhaye Steve , Docquier David , Feltham Daniel , Massonnet François , O'Farrell Siobhan , Ponsoni Leandro , Rodriguez José M. , Schroeder David , Swart Neil , Toyoda Takahiro , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Vancoppenolle Martin , Wyser Klaus
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We compare the mass budget of the Arctic sea ice for 14 models submitted to the latest Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6), using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous model inter-comparisons. Using these diagnostics allows us to look beyond the standard metrics of ice cover and thickness, to compare the processes of sea ice growth and loss in climate models in a more detailed way than has previously been possible. For the 1960–89 multi-model mean, the dominant processes causing annual ice growth are basal growth and frazil ice formation, which both occur during the winter. The main processes by which ice is lost are basal melting, top melting and advection of ice out of the Arctic. The first two processes occur in summer, while the latter process is present all year. The sea-ice budgets for individual models are strikingly similar overall in terms of the major processes causing ice growth and loss, and in terms of the time of year during which each process is important. However, there are also some key differences between the models. The relative amounts of frazil and basal ice formation varies between the models. This is, to some extent at least, attributable to exactly how the frazil growth is formulated within each model. There are also differences in the relative amounts of top and basal melting. As the ice cover and mass decline during the 21st century, we see a shift in the timing of the top and basal melting in the multi-model mean, with more melt occurring earlier in the year, and less melt later in the summer. The amount of basal growth in the autumn reduces, but the amount of basal growth later in the winter increases due to the ice being thinner. Overall, extra ice loss in May–June and reduced ice growth in October-November is partially offset by reduced ice melt in August and increased ice growth in January–February. For the individual models, changes in the budget components vary considerably in terms of magnitude and timing of change. However, when the evolving budget terms are considered as a function of the changing ice state itself, behaviours common to all the models emerge, suggesting that the sea ice components of the models are fundamentally responding in a broadly consistent way to the warming climate. Additional results from a forced ocean-ice model show that although atmospheric forcing is crucial for the sea ice mass budget, the sea ice physics also plays an important role.
Exploring the Impact of Ineffective Formal Communication between Teachers and Students: A Case Study of Mustaqbal University and Jubail University College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albalawi Hanan , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: February 2020

This study investigates the specific barriers to effective communication by teachers and students of the EFL programs of higher education in the Saudi Kingdom. The study utilized a qualitative design to examine perspectives of EFL students and the faculty members of the EFL programs at Al-Mustaqbal and Jubail University College on the effects, causes and viable solutions to ineffective communication between teachers and students. Data collection involved interactive methods which included using open-ended questionnaires and online focus groups respectively. Overall, 39% agreed that poor and ineffective communication is common between teachers and students, and 44% agreed that it was a cause of poor performances for students in EFL programs; while 17% indicated that ineffective communication between teachers and students was to blame for the poor quality of engagement of students with their teachers. The findings qualify the critical significance of considering the implementation of motivating methodologies for improving teacher-student communication.
Controleren van gemeentelijke samenwerking
Authors: Peters Klaartje
Published: February 2020

Controleren van gemeentelijke samenwerking. Een blik op interbestuurlijk toezicht vanuit het perspectief van gemeenteraden

Gemeenteraden worstelen met hun controlerende taak, zeker ten aanzien van de grote regionale samenwerkingsverbanden zoals de Veiligheidsregio, de GGD en de Omgevingsdienst. De kwaliteit van de informatievoorziening over prestaties van die verbanden is een belangrijk knelpunt. Bij nadere beschouwing blijkt dat Rijksinspecties en de provincies in hun rol als interbestuurlijk toezichthouder regelmatig onderzoek doen naar gemeenten en hun samenwerkingsverbanden dat voor gemeenteraden uiterst bruikbaar is. Gemeenteraden lijken daar weinig gebruik van te maken, deels doordat zij niet worden geïnformeerd over de onderzoeken en de resultaten ervan. Dat moet veranderen: er moet bij toezichthouders meer oog komen voor het belang van gemeenteraden als eerste controleur van het gemeentebestuur.
Análise e Ranqueamento da Rede de Advogados induzida por Processos Judiciais Trabalhistas
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Filipe Rodrigues , Figueiredo Daniel R. , Nascimento Paulo Roberto
Published: February 2020

Quais são os advogados mais influentes da justiça do trabalho do estado do Rio de Janeiro? Utilizando dados de dezenas de milhares de processos, construímos uma rede de advogados, direcionada e com pesos, com o objetivo de responder a essa e algumas outras perguntas. Uma avaliação empírica indica que a estrutura da mesma apresenta características muito comumente encontradas em outras redes sociais reais. As métricas closeness, betweenness, força do vértice e pagerank foram utilizadas para realizar o ranqueamento dos seus vértices e identificar os principais advogados da rede. Por fim, identificamos como os advogados estão relacionados nos diferentes processos onde atuaram. O principal objetivo desse trabalho é entender como os advogados trabalhistas estão conectados e qual sua importância na comunidade em que trabalham.
Data Release Interface para o Dark Energy Survey
Authors: da Costa Luiz A. Nicolaci , Fausti Neto Angelo , Ogando Ricardo L. C. , Maia Marcio A. G. , Campisano Riccardo
Published: February 2020

O Dark Energy Survey, após um período proprietário, disponibiliza para a comunidade seus dados processados na forma de imagens, catálogos, e mapas. O portal científico do LIneA permite que esses diferentes produtos necessários para a análise científica sejam integrados e distribuídos para a colaboração e o público. Descrevemos um query builder para juntar eficientemente esses produtos.
Desenvolvimento de Protótipo de Game para Inserção no Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Pereira Júnior Cleon X. , Hoffmann Zara , Castro Caroline P. , Santos Geovanna S. , Aires Thaís A.
Published: February 2020

O uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no meio educacional aponta para uma possibilidade de professores e alunos exercerem sua própria cidadania por meio do uso das tecnologias. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de ações didáticas diversificadas que aliem saberes científicos às decisões tomadas no dia-a-dia que estimulem abordagens significativas para compreensão dos conhecimentos científicos, torna-se uma alternativa possível, tanto para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de softwares quanto para o Ensino de Ciências. Dentro de uma proposta de desenvolvimento da criatividade e iniciativa este trabalho tem como objetivo além da interação interdisciplinar entre áreas de desenvolvimento de softwares com disciplinas da base comum, desenvolver um protótipo tecnológico em formato de jogo para ser aplicado no Ensino de Ciências. Pretende-se aplicar o protótipo entre os alunos ingressantes, os quais apresentaram grande defasagem de conteúdos científicos, após levantamento diagnóstico.