bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic properties of suspended cells measured with shear flow deformation cytometry
Authors: Gerum Richard , Mirzahossein Elham , Eroles Mar , Elsterer Jennifer , Mainka Astrid , Bauer Andreas , Sonntag Selina , Winterl Alexander , Bartl Johannes , Fischer Lena , Abuhattum Shada , Goswami Ruchi , Girardo Salvatore , Guck Jochen , Schrüfer Stefan , Ströhlein Nadine , Nosratlo Mojtaba , Herrmann Harald , Schultheis Dorothea , Rico Felix , Müller Sebastian Johannes , Gekle Stephan , Fabry Ben
Published: September 2022

Numerous cell functions are accompanied by phenotypic changes in viscoelastic properties, and measuring them can help elucidate higher level cellular functions in health and disease. We present a high-throughput, simple and low-cost microfluidic method for quantitatively measuring the elastic (storage) and viscous (loss) modulus of individual cells. Cells are suspended in a high-viscosity fluid and are pumped with high pressure through a 5.8 cm long and 200 µm wide microfluidic channel. The fluid shear stress induces large, ear ellipsoidal cell deformations. In addition, the flow profile in the channel causes the cells to rotate in a tank-treading manner. From the cell deformation and tank treading frequency, we extract the frequency-dependent viscoelastic cell properties based on a theoretical framework developed by R. Roscoe [1] that describes the deformation of a viscoelastic sphere in a viscous fluid under steady laminar flow. We confirm the accuracy of the method using atomic force microscopy-calibrated polyacrylamide beads and cells. Our measurements demonstrate that suspended cells exhibit power-law, soft glassy rheological behavior that is cell-cycle-dependent and mediated by the physical interplay between the actin filament and intermediate filament networks.
Developing a Self-Efficacy Perception Scale for Mathematics: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: KARALI Yalçın , COŞANAY Gökhan
Published: September 2022

Öğrencilerin bir disiplin alanına yönelik sahip oldukları tutum, inanç, öz-yeterlik gibi duyuşsal becerileri akademik başarılarını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bireylerin bir derse ya da disipline ilişkin sahip oldukları duyuşsal
yeterlik düzeylerini belirlemede likert tipi ölçekler sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Alanyazın incelendiğinde ilkokul düzeyindeki öğrencilerin matematik dersine ilişkin öz-yeterlik algılarını belirlemeyi amaçlayan ölçek sayısının oldukça
yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışmada, dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik dersine ilişkin öz-yeterlik düzeylerini belirleyebilecek, güvenirliği ve geçerliği sağlanmış bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın
yöntemi nicel, modeli ise taramadır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi sonrasında 40 maddeden oluşan, üçlü likert tipinde cevaplar içeren matematik dersine ilişkin öz-yeterlik ölçek formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma için İnönü Üniversitesi
Bilimsel Araştırma ve Etik Kurulundan 06.01.2022 tarih ve 130502 sayılı etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Hazırlanan ölçek form Malatya ili Battalgazi ve Yeşilyurt ilçelerinde 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören ve basit
tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 591 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin 329’u AFA için, 262’si ise DFA için kullanılmıştır. Uygulama sonrası ulaşılan veriler üzerinden geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri
yapılmıştır. Kapsam geçerliliğinin sağlanması amacıyla madde havuzu uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda düzenlenmiştir. Yapı geçerliliği, taslak ölçek formuna AFA ve DFA uygulanarak sağlanmıştır. Yapı geçerliği analizleri sonrasında
ölçeğin üç alt boyutta olduğu görülmüş ve bu boyutlar “Tutum”, “Uygulama” ve “Motivasyon” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Yapılan güvenirlik analizlerinde Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısının ölçek genelinde .84, “tutum” faktöründe
.79, “uygulama” faktöründe .71 ve “motivasyon” faktöründe ise .63 olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak yapılan analizler ve değerlendirmeler neticesinde üç faktör ve 13 maddeden oluşan matematik öz-yeterlik ölçeğinin (MÖYÖ), öğrencilerin
matematik öz-yeterlik algılarını belirlemede alan yazına katkı sunabilecek, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu söylenebilir.
Psychogeographic Approach in Contemporary Art
Authors: KOÇ Ali , AYKUT Aygül
Published: September 2022

Bu araştırma, öncelikli olarak sosyal bilimlerin hibrit dalı olan psikocoğrafya ile çağdaş sanat pratikleri arasında bir olay örgüsü yaratmaya çalışır. Modern dönemde sosyal bilimcilerin teorik ve çağdaş sanat çevrelerinin pratik çalışmaları
neticesinde ortaya çıkan psikocoğrafyanın çağdaş sanat çevrelerinde karşılığı var mıdır ya da nedir? Bu sorunun cevabı, araştırma içinde psikocoğrafyanın çağdaş bir sanat yaklaşımı olarak önerilmesiyle karşılık bulur. Modern zamanlarda
bir yandan Fransız felsefeci Guy Debord (1931-1994) ve arkadaşları tarafından 1950’li yıllarda öne sürülen ‘Enternasyonel Sitüasyonist Hareket’ (Uluslararası Durumcu Hareket) içinde psikocoğrafyanın tanımı yapılır ve uygulamalı
sanat yapıtları ortaya konurken diğer yandan sosyal bilimcilerin kuramsal çalışmaları eşliğinde disiplinlerarası bir dal olarak psikocoğrafya gündeme getirilir. Sözü edilen gelişmeler bağlamında burada, psikocoğrafya kavramının
tarihsel öyküsü verilerek, postmodern zamanların güncel sanatı içinde ortaya çıkan çağdaş sanat işlerinin psikocoğrafya ile olan ilgilerine odaklanılır. Yani bu araştırma, psikocoğrafyanın çağdaş sanat çevrelerinde kimler tarafından
nasıl ve ne şekilde üretildiği ve etkilerinin neler olduğu sorularını yanıtlama amacını taşır. Bir başka açıdan bu çalışma, psikocoğrafyanın sosyal bilimlerin edebiyat, tarih, sosyoloji, coğrafya, iletişim, psikoloji, antropoloji
ve mimari gibi alanlarında daha çok ele alınmış olmaları gerçeğini bilir, ancak psikocoğrafya olgusunu günümüzün postmodern sanat temsilcileri tarafından üretilen işleri temelinde ele alma hedefini güder. Öyleki bu araştırma, psikocoğrafyanın
çağdaş sanat üzerindeki yansımalarını incelerken betimsel araştırma yöntemini, durum çalışmasını ve tematik analizi kullanır. Sonuçta, sosyal bilim çevrelerinde kuramsal düzeyde hibrit bir alan olarak değerlendirilen psikocoğrafyanın,
deney ve uygulama temeline dayalı çağdaş sanat işleri üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya çıkarılması sağlanır. Psikocoğrafya olgusuna farklı bir pencereden bakarak onu bir çağdaş sanat yaklaşımı olarak öneren bu araştırmanın hem günümüz
sanatçılarına yeni işleri için esin kaynağı olabileceği hem de alanyazın dünyasına katkılar sağlayabileceği umut edilmektedir.
Construction of Gender Ideologies in Ancient Mesopotamian and Ancient Anatolian Societies
Authors: BÜLBÜL Pınar
Published: September 2022

Toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı, genellikle ikili karşıtlıklar erkek/kadın özellikleri olarak zihinde belirginleşmektedir. Cinsiyet kavramı genel olarak biyolojik bir ayrıma işaret ediyor olsa da toplumsal cinsiyet, kültürel olarak inşa
edilmiş erkek/kadın kimliklerini ortaya koyan bir kavramdır. İnsanoğlunun yaşadığı coğrafya ve zamandan bağımsız olarak her kültürün, toplumsal hayatı derinden etkileyen kadın/erkek davranışları hususunda belirgin kuralları vardır.
Toplumun kültürüne, gelenek göreneklerine ve değerlerine göre toplumsal cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri öğrenilmektedir. Coğrafya ve zamandan bağımsız olarak her kültürün, kadın ve erkeklerin davranışı hususunda belirgin
kuralları vardır. Bu kurallar, kadın ve erkeğin nasıl olması, nasıl davranması gerektiğini ve hangi sorumlulukları olduğunu belirten rollerdir. Geleneksel olarak cinsiyet rollerinin ortaya çıkması, kadına yönelik cinsiyet ayırımcılığının
doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Cinsiyet ayırımcılığı, kadın ve erkeklerin fırsatlara ulaşmasındaki eşitsizlik, çalışma hayatına kadınların sınırlı katılımı, kadınlarla erkekler arasındaki ücret eşitsizliği ve en önemlisi fiziksel güçlerinden
doğan farkların kadına şiddet olarak dönmesi gibi daha birçok toplumsal konu ile ilişkilendirilebilir. Bu araştırma, kişisel kimliğin önemli bir bileşeni olarak toplumsal cinsiyetin eskiçağ toplumlarındaki ifadesine odaklanmaktadır.
Eskiçağ toplumlarının toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında sahip olduğu düşünce ve tutumların neler olduğunu, bu düşünce ve tutumların cinsiyet rollerinin şekillenmesine ve bireylerin cinsiyet temelinde ayrışmasına nasıl yansıdığını araştırarak
Eski Mezopotamya ve Eski Anadolu hukukunda var olan cinsiyetçi kanun maddeleri ve bu düzenlemelerin toplumsal yaşam üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Impact of Maa-Bamleshwari NGO on Empowering the Rural Women Beneficiaries in Terms of Income and Employment Generation through Elephant Foot Yam
Authors: Shrivastava Sanjana , Naberia Seema , Shrivastava Kalpna
Published: September 2022

The present communication is concerned with analysis the empowerment of women through Non Governmental Organization (Maa Bamleshwari) for generating income and employment through Elephant Foot Yam crop (Amorphophallus Paeoniifolius) in Chhattisgarh. A sample of 120 women beneficiaries from Maa Bamleshwari NGO were selected from Khairagarh block of Rajnandgaon district. Ex- post facto research design was used in the study, we employed absolute changes and mean score of Paired t-test for assessing the impact of NGO on income and employment generation among women beneficiaries. According to the findings, Maa Bamleshwari NGO has significant and positive impact on income and employment generation among rural women beneficiaries.
Production Potential Appraisal of Soils of for Part of Palamaner Division in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Jayasree B. , Naidu M. V. S. , Madhuri K. V. Naga , Bhaskar B. P. , Sagar G. Karuna , Kumara P. Lavanya
Published: September 2022

The soil profile samples that are present in upper slopes of the Palamaner agricultural division are evaluated to know the production potential of the study area. The soils have moderate slope and are affected by erosion. Besides, soils have excessive drainage limitation. Geologically, soils are developed on the quartz-migmatite gneiss complex. All the soils are studied for morphological, physico-chemical and chemical properties. The results shown that, soils are slightly acidic to neutral in soil reaction (pH), non saline (EC), moderately deep to deep (90-135 cm) in depth. The texture of soils varied from moderately well drained with no erosion to severe erosion. The soils are placed under IVes land capability class. The actual productivity and the potential productivity are calculated; the maximum potential productivity was 81.23 and the crop improvement factor was 1.59.
The Effect of Training Quality on Work Injuries
Authors: Ali Musaddaq Hanoon , Yousif Marwah Badr Zaya
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this search is to verify the relationship of training quality including support of senior administration, employee participation, continuous improvement, customer focus, training, education and continuous motivation in work injuries of three causes, which are individual reasons, technical causes and factors associated with the workplace. (Electrical Projects Implementation Department/Central Region) Researchers have used the analytical exploratory descriptive curriculum as it fits into the research topic. To achieve the research objectives, two main topics were designed: Quality training and work injuries: The research community consisting of 236 members (Electrical Projects Implementation Department/Central Region) and 35 members were selected as research samples, and descriptive statistics were used to display the research variables and analytical statistics to test the hypotheses. A set of conclusions has been reached, perhaps the most important of which is from the statistical analysis, the presence of a good level of significance, with the participants realizing that the training quality has an impact on work injuries. Questions were directed to 35 members, which constituted about 15% of the total members, 56 of which were retrieved, and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program.
Comparative Analysis of Vision Screening Guidelines in the United States
Authors: Brown Nathan J. , Musser VI John A.
Published: September 2022

Aims: To assess current school vision screening guidelines of states spread across different regions of the United States to inform quality guideline parameters and help combat preventable pediatric vision loss.

Study Design:  Cross-sectional comparative analysis.

Methodology: States were first ordered alphabetically and then selected using an online random number generator (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, California). States were selected until 13 available screening guidelines were identified. Each guideline was assessed using a 10-point multi-factorial scoring criteria detailed in Table 1. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were calculated for each scoring criteria using Microsoft® Excel (version 16.63.1, Redmond, WA).

Results: Most state guidelines included what ages to screen (84.62%, 11/13), how to screen (84.62%, 11/13), and how to follow-up with students to arrange (92.31%, 12/13) and confirm eye care delivery (76.92%, 10/13). Sadly, only the minority of state guidelines described at least two main causes of amblyopia (46.15%, 6/13), and a less than one-third of school nurse vision screening guidelines discussed the window of time to save vision in amblyopia (30.77%, 4/12). Worse yet, very few nurse vision screening guidelines explained that subjectively a child can’t tell you if they are at risk of developing amblyopia (15.38%, 2/13), or included two treatments for amblyopia (7.69%, 1/13) in the vision screening educational program.

Conclusion: This study found that most of the assessed vision screening guidelines outlined the process of screening and follow-up but failed to emphasize why screening is important, causes, and treatment options for amblyopia. Gaps in these training guidelines may contribute to delayed recognition and treatment for amblyopia¾the leading cause of irreversible pediatric vision loss. Further improvements to vision screening guidelines are needed for school nurses and paraprofessional staff in the majority of the states evaluated.
Printed 3D Gesture Recognition Thermoformed Half Sphere Compatible with In‐Mold Electronic Applications
Authors: Gomes Correia Vítor Manuel , Pereira Nelson , Perinka Nicola , Costa Pedro , del Campo Javier , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu
Published: September 2022

The development of conformable electronic systems’ focuses on the multifunctional smart materials transform areas from the automotive industry to biomedicine, based on improved integration and advanced functionalities. In‐mold electronics (IME) combines thermoforming, injection molding, and printed electronics, resulting in sensing structural parts integrated into smart surfaces, communicating with computer systems, and enabling advanced experiences in terms of human‐machine interaction. Contrary to flexible electronics, designed as bend conductors around a single axis, thermoformed electronics allow deformations in the three‐axial directions for different geometries. Herein, a 2D screen‐printed pattern using conductive silver ink thermoformed into a spherical surface suitable for 3D gesture recognition is reported. The mechanical deformation of the high‐impact polystyrene sheet (HIPS) and polyethylene terephthalate‐glycol (PETG) substrates during the thermoforming process of the electrical circuit is characterized experimentally. The electrical resistance changes through the circuit in the stages of the fabrication process due the thickness decrease and the propagation of the small cracks. Both evaluations contribute to a better understanding of the performance of the materials when subject to the IME process. Validation of the 3D gesture recognition operation is carried out, demonstrating their full operability, as well as the possibilities that the combination of technologies allows.
Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy
Authors: Pan Ziyin , Sun Weiyan , Chen Yi , Tang Hai , Lin Weikang , Chen Jiafei , Chen Chang
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as an important ingredient of intercellular communication through paracrine actions, have gained tremendous attention in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Moreover, these nanosized extracellular particles (30–140 nm) can be incorporated into biomaterials according to different principles to facilitate signal delivery in various regenerative processes directly or indirectly. Bioactive biomaterials as the carrier will extend the retention time and realize the controlled release of EVs, which further enhance their therapeutic efficiency in tissue regeneration. Herein, the basic biological characteristics of EVs are first introduced, and then their outstanding performance in exerting direct impacts on target cells in tissue regeneration as well as indirect effects on promoting angiogenesis and regulating the immune environment, due to specific functional components of EVs (nucleic acid, protein, lipid, etc.), is emphasized. Furthermore, different design ideas for suitable EV‐loaded biomaterials are also demonstrated. In the end, this review also highlights the engineered strategies, which aim at solving the problems related to natural EVs such as highly heterogeneous functions, inadequate tissue targeting capabilities, insufficient yield and scalability, etc., thus promoting the therapeutic pertinence and clinical potential of EV‐based approaches in TE.
Organic Small Molecule Contrast Agent for Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging of Patient‐Derived Brain Tumors
Authors: Wu Min , Xiao Kai , Liu Xingang , Yang Yudan , Song Gousheng , Xiao Gelei , Liu Qing , Yuan Jian , Liu Bin
Published: September 2022

Traditional glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines do not maintain the heterogeneity of the original tumor, cell interactions, and therapy response, thus limiting their investigation in GBM theranostics. Herein, a kind of GBM tumor‐targeting nanoparticles (NPs) TCFNP@iRGD are designed and constructed, which are generated by photoacoustic (PA) contrast agent 2‐(3‐cyano‐4,5,5‐trimethylfuran‐2(5H)‐ylidene) malononitrile (TCF)‐OH through facile nanoprecipitation and decorated with an active targeting ligand iRGD. Their potential in GBM detection via PA imaging on glioma patient‐derived cells intracranial xenograft models is evaluated for the first time. Excellent tumor‐specific PA mapping performance of GBM is realized by TCFNP@iRGD, demonstrating its promising potential in the clinical diagnosis of GBM.
Tailored Ordered Structures with Functional Units of Distorted [NbO6] and Antiparallel [GeO4] for Enhanced Birefringence in Germanate Crystal
Authors: Zhao Wenli , Jiao Jinmiao , She Yuheng , Liang Fei , Ye Ning , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicheng , Li Conggang
Published: September 2022

Germanate oxides have been scarcely studied as promising birefringent crystals due to the inherently weak optical anisotropy. Here, a property improvement strategy with synergetic electron distribution and lattice vibration optimization is proposed by introducing tailored functional units of distorted [NbO6] octahedra and antiparallel [GeO4] motifs in germanates. A prospective Cs3Nb5GeO16 (CNGO) crystal exhibits a breakthrough of experimental birefringence (0.19 at 532 nm), the largest value among the available germanate oxides, as well as a wide transparent window and excellent thermal stability up to 1265 °C. Combined density functional theory (DFT) and dipole moment calculations are performed to unveil the underlying physical mechanism of structure–property relationship. These attributes forebode the great potential of CNGO for manipulating polarized light and open a new avenue for innovating birefringent materials with desirable performances.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis/C−H Thiolation Cascade Reaction of N‐Aryl Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides with Water: Access to 3‐Alkyl‐2(3H)‐Benzothiazolones
Authors: Yu Miao , Zhen Long , Jiang Liqin
Published: September 2022

A cobalt‐catalyzed cascade reaction of N‐aryl thiocarbamoyl fluorides and water has been developed, providing access to 3‐alkyl‐2(3H)‐benzothiazolones in 48–83% yields. This protocol for 3‐alkyl‐2(3H)‐benzothiazolones precludes bad‐smell and toxic reagents. Mechanistic studies suggest that the transformation proceeds through hydrolysis followed by dehydrogenative coupling to form C−S bond involving a radical process.

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Spatially Confined Face‐Selective Growth of Large‐Area 2D Organic Molecular Crystals in a Supramolecular Gel for Highly Efficient Flexible Photodetection
Authors: Shen Chaowen , Han Pan , Zheng Zhi , Jiang Wenhe , Gao Sheng , Hua Chunxia , Chen Cheng Lung , Xia Fan , Zhai Tianyou , Liu Kaiqiang , Fang Yu
Published: September 2022

2D organic molecular crystals (2DOMCs) are promising materials for the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, the growth of organic molecules into 2DOMCs remains a challenge because of the difficulties in controlling their self‐assembly with a preferential orientation in solution‐process crystallization. Herein, fullerene is chosen as a model molecule to develop a supramolecular gel crystallization approach to grow large‐area 2DOMCs by controlling the perfect arrangement on the {220} crystal plane with the assistance of a gelated solvent. In this case, the gel networks provide tuneable confined spaces to control the crystallization kinetics toward the growth of dominant crystal faces by their inhibiting motions of solvent or solute molecules to enable the growth of perfect crystals at appropriate nucleation rates. As a result, a large‐area fullerene 2DOMC is produced successfully and its corresponding device on a flexible substrate exhibits excellent bendable properties and ultra‐high weak light detection ability (2.9 × 1011 Jones) at a 10 V bias upon irradiation with 450 nm incident light. Moreover, its photoelectric properties remain unchanged after 200 cycles of bending at angles of 45, 90, and 180°. These results can be extended to the growth of other 2DOMCs for potentially fabricating advanced organic (opto)electronics.
Big data promises and obstacles: Agricultural data ownership and privacy
Authors: Wilgenbusch James Charles , Pardey Philip G. , Bergstrom Aaron
Published: September 2022

The year 2022 marks the ten‐year anniversary of the White House's Big Data Research and Development Initiative. While this initiative, and the others it spawned,  helped to advance the many facets of data intensive research and discovery, obstacles and challenges still exist. If left unaddressed these obstacles will persist and at a minimum limit the potential of what can be achieved by harnessing the many new ways to collect, analyze, and share data and the insights that can be drawn from them. The opportunities and challenges related to Big Data in agriculture touch on all aspects of the general research data lifecycle; from instruments used to gather data, to advanced digital platforms used to store, analyze, and share data, and the innovative insights from using advanced computational methods. The eight papers included in this special issue were chosen in part because they highlight both the challenges and the opportunities that come from all stages of the data lifecycle common across agricultural research and development. These papers grew out of several workshops made possible by the support of the Midwest Regional Big Data Hub, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
Super Light‐Sensitive Photosensitizer Nanoparticles for Improved Photodynamic Therapy against Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yang Yuguang , Xu Xia , Li Hongyan , Fei Jinbo , Liu Yilin , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Junbai
Published: September 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for superficial cancer treatment. However, the limited light intensity in tissues, tumor hypoxia, and the low accumulation efficiency of photosensitizers (PSs) in tumors are still major challenges. Herein, we introduce super light‐sensitive PS nanoparticles (designated HR NPs) that can increase singlet oxygen (1O2) production and improve PS accumulation in tumors. HR NPs have the ability to produce a large amount of 1O2 under ultralow power density light (0.05 mW cm−2) irradiation. More significantly, HR NPs have a long circulating time in tumor‐bearing mice and can accumulate in tumors with high efficiency. When irradiated by light with a suitable wavelength, the nanoparticles exhibit excellent antitumor efficacy. This work will make it possible to cure solid tumors by PDT by enhancing the therapeutic effects.
Three‐Dimensional Electrochromic Soft Photonic Crystals Based on MXene‐Integrated Blue Phase Liquid Crystals for Bioinspired Visible and Infrared Camouflage
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yang Yanzhao , Xue Pan , Valenzuela Cristian , Chen Yuanhao , Yang Xiao , Wang Ling , Feng Wei
Published: September 2022

Developing bioinspired camouflage materials that can adaptively change color in the visible and infrared (IR) regions is an intriguing but challenging task. Herein, we report an emerging strategy for fabricating dynamic visible and IR camouflage materials by the controlled in situ growth of novel photopolymerizable blue phase liquid crystals with cubic nanoarchitectures onto highly aligned MXene nanostructured thin films. The resulting MXene‐integrated 3D soft photonic crystals exhibit vivid structural colors and reversible switching between a bright colored state and a dark black state under a low DC electric field. As an illustration, proof‐of‐concept pixelated devices that allow for pixel‐controllable electrochromism are demonstrated. Furthermore, a free‐standing electrochromic flexible film of such 3D soft photonic crystals is fabricated, where visible electrochromism and thermal camouflage are enabled by leveraging the superior electrothermal conversion and low mid‐IR emissivity of MXene nanomaterials.
Unusual Quartet‐Doublet Phosphorescence from the Phosphaethynyl Radical, CP
Authors: Ganesan Elavenil , Custer Thomas , Lawzer Arun‐Libertsen , Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Kołos Robert
Published: September 2022

We report the first detection of phosphorescence from the phosphaethynyl radical. This rare instance of quartet‐doublet emission, studied here in solid argon, is presumably promoted by efficient intersystem crossing from the originally photoexcited doublet (B2Σ+) to the adjacent second quartet state, 14Δ. Vibronic progressions were traced for the a4Σ+‐X2Σ+ and a4Σ+‐A2Пi systems from their origins up to (v′=0)→(v′′=5) and (v′=0)→(v′′=2) bands, respectively. The measured phosphorescence lifetime is 108 ± 3 ms.
MXene‐Regulated Perovskite Vertical Growth for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Chao , Fang Wenzhong , Cheng Qunfeng , Wan Jing , Wen Rui , Wang Yang , Song Yanlin , Li Mingzhu
Published: September 2022

Defects at the interfaces of perovskite (PVK) thin films are the main factors responsible for instability and low photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVK solar cells (PSCs). Here, a SnO2‐MXene composite electron transport layer (ETL) is used in PSCs to improve interfacial contact and passivate defects at the SnO2/perovskite interface. The introduced MXene regulates SnO2dispersion and induces a vertical growth of PVK. The lattice matching of MXene and perovskite suppresses the concentration of interfacial stress, thereby obtaining a perovskite film with low defects. Compared with SnO2‐based device, the PCE of SnO2‐MXene‐based device is improved by 15 % and its short‐circuit current is up to 25.07 mA cm−2. Furthermore, unencapsulated device maintained about 90 % of its initial efficiency even after 500 h of storage at 30–40 % relative humidity in ambient air. The composite ETL strategy provides a route to engineer interfacial passivation between metal halide perovskites and ETLs.
Foraminifera as a model of the extensive variability in genome dynamics among eukaryotes
Authors: Goetz Eleanor J. , Greco Mattia , Rappaport Hannah B. , Weiner Agnes K. M. , Walker Laura M. , Bowser Samuel , Goldstein Susan , Katz Laura A.
Published: September 2022

Knowledge of eukaryotic life cycles and associated genome dynamics stems largely from research on animals, plants, and a small number of “model” (i.e., easily cultivable) lineages. This skewed sampling results in an underappreciation of the variability among the many microeukaryotic lineages, which represent the bulk of eukaryotic biodiversity. The range of complex nuclear transformations that exists within lineages of microbial eukaryotes challenges the textbook understanding of genome and nuclear cycles. Here, we look in‐depth at Foraminifera, an ancient (∼600 million‐year‐old) lineage widely studied as proxies in paleoceanography and environmental biomonitoring. We demonstrate that Foraminifera challenge the “rules” of life cycles developed largely from studies of plants and animals. To this end, we synthesize data on foraminiferal life cycles, focusing on extensive endoreplication within individuals (i.e., single cells), the unusual nuclear process calledZerfall, and the separation of germline and somatic function into distinct nuclei (i.e., heterokaryosis). These processes highlight complexities within lineages and expand our understanding of the dynamics of eukaryotic genomes.
Achieving sustainability: Determinants of conscious green purchasing behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Xianchuan , Jiang Jiayun , Chen Shih‐Chih
Published: September 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has spread worldwide, resulting in crises in public health and sustainable development. Aimed at understanding the determinants of conscious green purchasing behavior (GPB), this paper developed a comprehensive framework linking the moderating effect of negative environmental affective reactions (NEAR) to COVID‐19 based on the S–O–R paradigm. Using randomly selected urban residents from China's Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim regions, the empirical study was conducted using 559 valid responses. The results show that media and peers are the major social forces activating altruistic and egoistic motivations, while family influence was not significant. Dual motivations significantly mediated the relationships of unconditional and conditional GPB with media exposure and peer influence. Contrary to expectations, NEAR negatively moderated the formation process of conscious GPB. The findings indicate that the influence of peers on conscious GPB through dual motivations is stronger compared to media. Negative affective reactions to COVID‐19 were also found to inhibit the impact of peer influence on altruistic and egoistic motivations, as well as the path of altruistic motivation on unconditional GPB. The results of this study have important theoretical and practical implications for enterprise marketing and environmental campaigns, and narrowing the green attitude‐behavior gap.
A nomogram involving immune‐inflammation index for predicting distant metastasis‐free survival of major salivary gland carcinoma following postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Yan Wenbin , Ou Xiaomin , Shen Chunying , Hu Chaosu
Published: September 2022

Background

Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is beneficial in the improvement of local‐regional control and overall survival (OS) for major salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs), and distant metastasis remained the main failure pattern. This study was designed to develop a nomogram model involving immune‐inflammation index to predict distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) of major SGCs.

Patients and Methods

A total of 418 patients with major SGCs following PORT were randomly divided into a training (n = 334) and validation set (n = 84). The pre‐radiotherapy neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated and transformed as continuous variables for every patient. Associations between DMFS and variables were performed by univariate and multivariable analysis using Log‐rank and Cox regression methods. A nomogram was constructed based on the prognostic factors identified by the Cox hazards model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was conducted with the training and validation set.

Results

The estimated 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year DMFS were 79.4%, 71.8%, and 59.1%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that age (p = 0.033), advanced T stage (p = 0.003), positive N stage (p < 0.001), high‐risk pathology (p = 0.011), and high PLR (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with worse DMFS. The nomogram showed good calibration and discrimination in the training (AUC = 80.9) and validation set (AUC = 87.9). Furthermore, the DCA demonstrated favorable applicability, and a significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed for the DMFS between the subgroups based on the nomogram points.

Conclusion

The nomogram incorporating clinicopathological features and PLR presented accurate individual prediction for DMFS of the patients with major SGCs following PORT. Further external validation of the model is warranted for clinical utility.
A New Approach to Research Data Management with a Focus on Traceability: Adacta
Authors: Gossler Hendrik , Riedel Johannes , Daymo Eric , Chacko Rinu , Angeli Sofia , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: September 2022

Traceability between samples, devices and data is of great importance to the catalysis community. Adacta is a new research data management (RDM) system designed to create a traceable digital twin of a testing environment, not only storing data, but also creating a readily retrievable time‐accurate record of the critical components used to measure catalyst performance. Future developments include extending Adacta to interact with electronic laboratory notebooks and to spawn simulations directly using data and measurements stored in the database.
Ein Rumtopf chemisch betrachtet
Authors: Kostka Kathrin , Kruse Benedikt , Fischer Carola , Epple Matthias
Published: September 2022

Ein Rumtopf konserviert die eingelegten Früchte durch Alkohol und Zucker. Dabei mischen sich die Inhaltsstoffe des umgebenden Rum‐Zucker‐Gemischs (insbesondere Alkohol und Zucker) rasch mit den Inhaltsstoffen der eingelegten Früchte (insbesondere Wasser und rote Pflanzenfarbstoffe). Um eine unbeabsichtigte Gärung zu verhindern, sollte möglichst hochprozentiger Rum verwendet werden.
Cardiac rehabilitation: Effective yet underutilized in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bracewell Natalie J. , Plasschaert Jeffrey , Conti Charles Richard , Keeley Ellen C. , Conti Jamie B.
Published: September 2022

Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive program that treats patients with multiple cardiac conditions including post‐myocardial infarction, stable angina, post‐coronary artery bypass surgery, chronic heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease with structured exercise, and nutrition and risk factor counseling. It is an effective tool that has been shown to improve not only quality of life but also reduce adverse cardiac events, including death. While the value of cardiac rehabilitation is supported by a large body of evidence and its recommendation by the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology it is significantly underutilized due to both patient and systemic factors. Continued efforts should be made to remove the obstacles to make cardiac rehabilitation available to all those who qualify.
Mitochondria‐Targeting Boron Dipyrromethene Based Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and in vitro Biological Activity
Authors: Hu Ping , Weng Xiao‐Lu , Zhu Chun‐Hui , Yang De‐Chao , Liu Jian‐Yong , Chen Zhuo , Huang Mingdong
Published: September 2022

Increasing Investigations show that photosensitizers (PSs) which target mitochondria are useful for enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Herein, we carefully designed and synthesized four triphenylphosphonium (TPP)‐modified boron dipyrromethene (BDP)‐based PSs through Cu(I)‐assisted “3+2” cycloaddition reaction. All of them exhibit intense red light absorption with maxima between 659 and 663 nm, considerable fluorescence emission with quantum yields of 0.16–0.23, high singlet oxygen generation efficiency ranging from 0.22 to 0.34, excellent mitochondria‐targeting ability, and good biocompatibility. Upon illumination, they induce significant cancer cell death through a mitochondria‐related apoptosis pathway. The IC50 values of these BDP dyes against MCF‐7 cells were determined to be as low as 0.046–0.113 μM under rather low dosage of light irradiation (1.5 J ⋅ cm−2).
Comparison of the fracture resistance of the teeth prepared with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold rotary files
Authors: Salem Milani Amin , Ganjpour Shabnam , Dehghani Fatemeh , Rahimi Saeed , Sabanik Pouya
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Root canal preparation can lead to cracks on the roots by creating stresses on the root canal walls, which decreases the fracture resistance of the tooth. The present study compared the fracture resistance of the teeth prepared by the ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN), and ProTaper Gold (PTG) rotary file systems.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐six single‐canal premolar teeth were sectioned 14 mm from the root apex. The roots were standardized based on the buccolingual and mesiodistal diameter and randomly assigned to three experimental (n = 14) and one control group (n = 14). The teeth in three experimental groups were instrumented with PTU, PTN, and PTG rotary files. The roots in the control group were not instrumented. A vertical force was applied to each root in a universal testing machine until the root fractured. The data were statistically analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance.

Results

There was no significant difference in the fracture resistance of the teeth between the control, PTU, PTN, and PTG groups (p = .115).

Conclusions

Root canal preparation with ProTaper files manufactured with conventional NiTi (PTU) and heat‐treated alloys (PTN and PTG) did not affect the fracture resistance of teeth.
Preliminary effectiveness of a cognitive‐behavioral, family‐centered partial hospitalization program for children and adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Billman Marley G. , Forrest Lauren N. , Johnson Mariah , Quaill Marlana A. , King Steven , Mausteller Kyle , Lane‐Loney Susan E. , Essayli Jamal H.
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study explored the preliminary effectiveness of a partial hospitalization program (PHP) for children/adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). We evaluated how ARFID symptoms changed from admission to discharge, and collected follow‐up data on symptoms and outpatient care following PHP discharge.

Method

Twenty‐two children/adolescents with ARFID (77.3% White, 63.6% female) completed measures assessing ARFID symptomatology at admission and discharge from a PHP for eating disorders. Six months and twelve months following their discharge, participants were contacted to complete study measures again and take part in an interview assessing follow‐up care.

Results

Paired samples t tests indicated that participants demonstrated increases in weight and decreases in ARFID symptomatology from admission to discharge with medium to large effects. All participants reported receiving some form of outpatient treatment following discharge, with the type of outpatient services varying across participants. Data from the 86% of participants who completed the six‐month follow‐up and 50% who completed the twelve‐month follow‐up suggest that participants generally maintained treatment gains following PHP discharge.

Discussion

Participants experienced symptom improvements from admission to discharge and appeared to maintain these gains after discharge. These results provide preliminary evidence that PHPs are an effective treatment option for children and adolescents with ARFID.

Public Significance Statement

This study provides preliminary evidence that intensive, evidence‐based PHPs are effective in treating ARFID. Our findings suggest that children and adolescents with ARFID who receive flexible, cognitive‐behavioral, family‐centered treatment in a PHP for EDs experience improvements in weight and ARFID symptomatology from admission to discharge. Despite receiving variable and nonstandardized outpatient treatment, individuals with ARFID appear to maintain treatment gains 6 and 12 months after discharge in a PHP.
Evaluation and tradeoff‐synergy analysis of ecosystem services in Luanhe River Basin
Authors: Feng Xiangrong , Zhang Ting , Feng Ping , Li Jianzhu
Published: September 2022

The evaluation of watershed ecosystem services and the research on their trade‐offs and synergies are of great significance for the rational formulation of environmental policies. Taking Luanhe River Basin as an example, based on InVEST and CASA models, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the water yield, soil conservation and carbon sequestration in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were analysed, where correlation analysis was utilized to explore the tradeoff‐ synergy relationship among various ecosystem services. And by mapping the hotspots of the ecosystem services, the spatial differences of ecological environment conditions were revealed in Luanhe River Basin. The results show that (1) from 1990 to 2015, water yield and soil conservation declined in a fluctuating manner, and carbon sequestration first decreased, then increased. The three services all showed a pattern of increasing gradually from northwest to southeast in space. (2) The relationship between the ecosystem services showed that water yield and carbon sequestration were mainly in a trade‐off relationship, while water yield and soil conservation, soil conservation and carbon sequestration were mainly in synergistic relationships. In different regions, trade‐offs and synergies changed to different degrees, showing obvious spatial heterogeneity. (3) The southeastern part of the study area was the main hotspot for ecosystem service supply. From 1990 to 2015, the areas of non‐hotspots showed a decreasing trend. Ecosystem service hotspots have expanded, and overall ecological environment has improved significantly, but ecological environment has been degraded in some areas.
Comparative study of continuous hourly energy consumption forecasting strategies with small data sets to support demand management decisions in buildings
Authors: Mariano‐Hernández D. , Hernández‐Callejo L. , Solís M. , Zorita‐Lamadrid A. , Duque‐Pérez O. , Gonzalez‐Morales L. , Alonso‐Gómez V. , Jaramillo‐Duque A. , Santos García F.
Published: September 2022

Buildings are one of the largest consumers of electrical energy, making it important to develop different strategies to help to reduce electricity consumption. Building energy consumption forecasting strategies are widely used to support demand management decisions, but these strategies require large data sets to achieve an accurate electric consumption forecast, so they are not commonly used for buildings with a short history of record keeping. Based on this, the objective of this study is to determine, through continuous hourly electricity consumption forecasting strategies, the amount of data needed to achieve an accurate forecast. The proposed forecasting strategies were evaluated with Random Forest, eXtreme Gradient Boost, Convolutional Neural Network, and Temporal Convolutional Network algorithms using 4 years of electricity consumption data from two buildings located on the campus of the University of Valladolid. For performance evaluation, two scenarios were proposed for each of the proposed forecasting strategies. The results showed that for forecasting horizons of 1 week, it was possible to obtain a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 7% for Building 1 and a MAPE below 10% for Building 2 with 6 months of data, while for a forecast horizon of 1 month, it was possible to obtain a MAPE below 10% for Building 1 and below 11% for Building 2 with 10 months of data. However, if the distribution of the data captured in the buildings does not undergo sudden changes, the decision tree algorithms obtain better results. However, if there are sudden changes, deep learning algorithms are a better choice.
Forecasting inflation time series using score‐driven dynamic models and combination methods: The case of Brazil
Authors: de Castro Carlos Henrique Dias Cordeiro , Aiube Fernando Antonio Lucena
Published: September 2022

This paper evaluates the inflation forecasting models of a small open economy. We compare forecasts of Brazilian inflation (consumer price index—IPCA) based on the generalized autoregressive score (GAS) approach with the forecasts reported in the Focus Bulletin (the Brazilian Central Bank's weekly consensus survey report), as well as with other benchmark models. We selected a restricted number of the variables used most in the literature to compose the forecasting models. Furthermore, based on a confidence set, we applied a wide range of combination methods to the forecast components aiming at improving the forecasting power. Point and density forecast tests were performed to verify the performance of the models. The results showed that the GAS models had good predictive performance for the IPCA, and it was possible to improve their accuracy by combining them with other models.
Loss of oligodendrocyte ErbB receptor signaling leads to hypomyelination, reduced density of parvalbumin‐expressing interneurons, and inhibitory function in the auditory cortex
Authors: Borges Beatriz C. , Meng Xiangying , Long Patrick , Kanold Patrick O. , Corfas Gabriel
Published: September 2022

For a long time, myelin was thought to be restricted to excitatory neurons, and studies on dysmyelination focused primarily on excitatory cells. Recent evidence showed that axons of inhibitory neurons in the neocortex are also myelinated, but the role of myelin on inhibitory circuits remains unknown. Here we studied the impact of mild hypomyelination on both excitatory and inhibitory connectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) with well‐characterized mouse models of hypomyelination due to loss of oligodendrocyte ErbB receptor signaling. Using laser‐scanning photostimulation, we found that mice with mild hypomyelination have reduced functional inhibitory connections to A1 L2/3 neurons without changes in excitatory connections, resulting in altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. These effects are not associated with altered expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic components, but with reduced density of parvalbumin‐positive (PV+) neurons, axons, and synaptic terminals, which reflect reduced PV expression by interneurons rather than PV+ neuronal loss. While immunostaining shows that hypomyelination occurs in both PV+ and PV− axons, there is a strong correlation between MBP and PV expression, suggesting that myelination influences PV expression. Together, the results indicate that mild hypomyelination impacts A1 neuronal networks, reducing inhibitory activity, and shifting networks towards excitation.
Monitoring postoperative ambulation and sleep after head and neck surgery: Feasibility and utility study using wearable devices
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek C. , Jorizzo Matthew , Shah Suparna , Bruening Jennifer , Wax Mark K. , Clayburgh Daniel , Andersen Peter , Li Ryan J.
Published: September 2022

Background

To evaluate use of wearable activity devices to monitor trends in ambulation and sleep after head and neck surgery.

Methods

Patients utilized Fitbit devices after surgery. Daily activity and sleep scores, step counts, and total sleep time (TST) were obtained.

Results

There were 30 patients within the final cohort. Trends in step counts after specific procedures were identified, and higher subjective activity level correlated with step counts (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.07–0.41). Among patients with complete step data (n = 24), POD1 steps ≥200 were associated with reduced length of stay (4.5 ± 1.7 days vs. 7.2 ± 4.0 days, 95% CI = 0.33–5.0). Mean TST was 5.4 ± 2.5 h, TST correlated with subjective sleep scores (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.03–0.044), and clinical events associated with sleep–wake transitions on Fitbit devices were identified.

Conclusions

Wearable activity devices appear feasible for monitoring trends in postoperative ambulation and sleep. Use of these devices may facilitate postoperative recovery.