bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performansi Keselamatan Kebakaran Penggunaan Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP) pada Bangunan Gedung
Authors: Hariono Ajun , Pangarso Laksono Azhar , Prasetia Rahmandia , Firhand Agustio Muhammad
Published: November 2023

ACP (aluminum composite panel) umum digunakan sebagai sistem pelapis selubung bangunan gedung pada eksterior gedung. ACP yang beredar di pasaran umumnya belum teruji sesuai standar terkait tingkat ketahanan api. Terdapat banyak kasus penyebaran api pada kebakaran gedung di tahun 2020 akibat penggunaan sistem pelapis berbahan ACP sebagai selubung bangunan. ACP yang akan dikaji adalah ACP jenis Non-Fire Rated dengan metode pengujian yang digunakan yaitu pengujian pengujian skala intermediate (mengacu pada ISO 13785-1 “Reaction to fire tests for facades - Intermediate-scale test”). Eksperimen dilakukan terhadap tiga buah konstruksi ACP dengan inti PE (polyethylene) menunjukkan fenomena perambatan api yang unik. Terlihat secara visual bahwa api merambat dari bawah langsung ke bagian atas sampel di sisi belakang dan terlihat bahwa udara panas mengalir ke atas melalui celah yang terbentuk antara lembaran ACP dengan dinding tempat sampel, efek cerobong inilah yang memungkinkan api merambat dengan cepat dari bawah ke atas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebaran api pada sistem selubung bangunan ACP dapat terjadi saat polyethylene mulai terbakar dan menyebar antar panel. Sehingga pada penerapannya diperlukan cara agar sebisa mungkin material inti PE tidak mudah terekspos api atau dilapisi dengan material Fire Retardant serta diperhatikan kompartemenisasi-nya.
Тоталітарна журналістика: до проблеми купівлі владою лояльності й слухняності журналістів
Authors: Тимошик Микола
Published: November 2023

Стаття написана на основі досі не залучених до наукового обігу документів обласних архівів та місцевих газет. Ці маловідомі натепер документи дають змогу з’ясувати одну з засадничих граней діяльності засобів масової інформації за умов тоталітарної системи. Йдеться про систему пільг, заохочень, стимулів матеріального й морального характеру, за допомогою яких влада цілеспрямовано формувала лояльний, слухняний, готовий безумовно виконувати поставлені завдання актив журналістських кадрів.

Зі статті вимальовується одна з граней тоталітарної, та й посттоталітарної, журналістики: подвійна мораль, подвійні стандарти, розбіжність декларованих на газетних шпальтах лозунгів і закликів із реальними діями владної верхівки. Щодень декларуючи боротьбу з порушниками законів, виводячи на чисту воду крадіїв, злодюг та фальсифікаторів у законі, редакції газет, з відома звісно ж їхніх керівників, нерідко самі йшли на порушення.

У центрі обсервації автора – виявлення та аналіз архівних матеріалів із практики тоталітарної журналістики, яка стосується кількох аспектів цього явища, а саме: номенклатурних пільг, квартир, зарплат, офіційних і неофіційних гонорарів.

На прикладі однієї газети – головного друкованого органу Чернівецької області «Радянська Буковина» – автор розкриває донедавна заховану в архівах інформацію для номенклатурних працівників журналістської сфери, зокрема про лікфонди й ліксанупри, картки на продукти й одяг, обкомівський житловий фонд, махінації з зарплатами та гонорарами. Виявлені документи засвідчують, що порушення стосовно пільг для обраних журналістів мали масштабний і системний характер, що спонукало владу час від часу видавати закриті документи регулювального характеру.

У статті проводиться паралель із сучасними реаліями щодо порушеної проблеми: поширена за часів тоталітарної доби система неузаконених владних преференцій перейшла й на тіло національної журналістики доби української незалежності.
Development of a Video Tour as a Component of the Activities of the Manager of Socio-Cultural Sphere: Memorialization and Digitization
Authors: Boyko Olga , Ziakun Alla , Povalii Tatiana , Zhylenko Elena
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Adapting to the modern circumstances of social life, managers of socio-cultural sphere must improve their forms of work and introduce new methods and tools for the implementation of socio-cultural activities. Therefore, the development of a video tour is an integral part of the work of a manager of socio-cultural activities and it requires the mastery of certain skills in the development and presentation of a certain product. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to highlight features of developing a video tour as a component of the manager's activity in the socio-cultural sphere, to identify and justify the main stages of its implementation. Research methods include the analysis of cultural, art history, and philosophical literature; historical-retrospective, touristic, technological, artistic and globalist approaches. And also the method of SWOT analysis, which makes it possible to note a sufficient number of advantages in the development of video tours. Results. The results of the conducted research allow us to determine the importance of the practical use of video tours in the professional training of future managers of socio-cultural activities. Conclusions. The strategic planning of the development of the video tour is outlined, which consists of several interrelated stages. Also, the concept of “memorialization” was specified, the meaning of the concepts of “memorial” and “monument” was revealed, the definition of the concept of “video-excursion” was formulated, by which we understand a methodically thought-out remote visit of important cultural places; the definition of the concept of “digitalization” was analyzed and considered in the context of the development of a video tour.
Communication Strategy of the Museum: Peculiarities of Formation by Means of PR Technologies
Authors: Butko Larysa , Fedorenko Svitlana , Lushakova Alla
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The transformation of the museum, the modernization of its activity as an object of the recreation industry in the context of cultural recreation, the transfer of knowledge in a new, interesting and accessible form caused the need to update traditional expositions, intensify exhibition activities and, as a result, change its communication policy. However, today in the theoretical and practical planes of socio-cultural management, the issues of its marketing communications remain unresolved, the main task of which is to help increase attendance, expand the museum audience, or spread information about the museum among those who are unable to directly familiarize themselves with its exposition. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to determine the communication strategy of the regional museum on the example of the communal cultural institution “Kremenchuk Local History Museum” and to represent a series of communication events as a component of its PR activity. The purpose of the research is realized by performing the following tasks: determining the ideals, interests and values of the potential museum audience, as well as optimal communication channels; representation of developed PR activities aimed at establishing communication between the museum and visitors and promoting its popularization. Results. The article clarifies the results of a sociological survey conducted at the initial stage of the research in order to find out the direction of modeling special PR events for the promotion of the Kremenchuk Local History Museum and identifies a number of PR events aimed at establishing communication between the museum and visitors and promoting its popularization. Conclusions. The use of the latest marketing strategy paradigm together with the implementation of digital infrastructure will allow improving the processes of the museum management system, modernizing its main mechanisms, popularizing museum institutions and their services.
The Impact of Force Majeure on the Development and Organisation of Film Festival Activities in Ukraine
Authors: Lytvynenko Alina
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Organising film festivals is an important process for the country's film industry development. This process requires specific skills on the part of the organisers, as well as careful attention to the organisation as a whole. A study of the development of film festivals in the country is necessary as it helps to identify young talent. Film festivals have always played a crucial role in the film industry development in different countries. For the further development of the Ukrainian film industry, it is important to study the experience of organising festivals and understand the impact of unforeseen circumstances on them. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for organising film festivals. The work was based on the abstract and logical method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the critical analysis of scientific literature, which allowed us to summarise the theoretical and practical developments accumulated by the community in the context of film festival activities. Results. The essence, role, and significance of film festivals for the country's film industry development are revealed. The problems of organising film festivals in Ukraine are identified. Methods for improving the system of film festival organisation are formulated. The peculiarities of organising film festivals in Ukraine after 2020 are identified. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is to deepen the theoretical foundations of film festival organisation by summarising the best international experience in this segment of culture. The significance of the study is manifested in the expansion of knowledge in the field of film festival organisation and the impact of irresistible forces on it.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION OF REGIONAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY
Authors: KORNIYETS’KY Oleksandr , KRASNORUTSKYY Oleksiy , MOISEEVA Natalia , OREL Volodymyr
Published: November 2023

The formation and development of the distribution system at almost all production and sales enterprises and in trade and intermediary organizations belong to the category of strategic tasks that ensure the success of their progressive development in market conditions of functioning. To date, the number of scientific and special studies to study the distribution of products and services is sufficient. However, certain inconsistencies in the conceptual apparatus of the distribution system require an in-depth theoretical study. In particular, the elements of the logistics system, the process of their formation in the distribution system, and the issues of rational organization and management of sales at different levels of product distribution require more detail. The concept of the entire life cycle of the process is defined, and when comparing the latter's features with a one-time project, the need to allocate more time for the implementation of the planning stage is revealed. A review of the existing procedures made it possible to classify them according to the nature (content) of the functions performed, the degree of formalization, the degree of complexity, the nature of the combination in time, and the degree of repetition. The quality management system (QMS) is considered. It is determined that the QMS documentation following the ISO 9000 series standards contains the implementation of a specific list of mandatory procedures and a description of the logic of their interaction; at the same time, the regulatory standards are advisory and do not strictly limit the ways of carrying out the organization's activities, which allows the latter to develop the necessary system of documents depending on its parameters. 

The similarity of the logic of constructing methods of modeling business processes and their application allows us to consider them as a single group of modeling tools and necessitates the creation of universal tools. The results of theoretical and methodological studies and methodical developments could contribute to developing a distribution system of final finished products produced by domestic manufacturers operating in conditions of fierce competition.
ANALYSIS OF THE GLOBAL MUSLIM TRAVEL INDEX (GMTI) MUSLIM-FRIENDLY TOURISM IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY ECONOMY REVIEWED FROM AN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pranika Ranita , Ghofur Ruslan Abdul , Madnasir Madnasir , Zaelani Abdul Qodir , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal
Published: November 2023

The Muslim-friendly tourism trend is a new phenomenon in the tourism industry. The Muslim community's demands for a tourist destination are not only limited to the uniqueness and tourist attraction of the place but also comfort and guarantees in carrying out worship. This research aims to analyze the Global Muslim Travel Index for Muslim-Friendly Tourism in Improving the Community's Economy from an Islamic economic perspective. This type of research is qualitative. This research was conducted in Lampung Province in September 2023. This data collection technique used observation and interviews. The research results show that tourism development opportunities that accommodate Muslim needs, in accordance with GMTI, act as a generator of employment opportunities to improve the economic welfare of the community. A tourist destination that is friendly to Muslim tourists is a place that offers natural beauty, comfort, cleanliness, and freshness. This area is also equipped with comprehensive facilities, ranging from places of worship to accommodation, and functions as an attractive culinary center. This tourism acts as an economic center for residents. The development of tourism potential based on Sharia principles also has a significant positive impact on surrounding communities, such as food and beverage businesses, children's toy rental service providers, and various other sectors.
Secure healthcare monitoring of arrythmias in internet of things with deep learning and elgamal encryption
Authors: Sumathi S. , Balaji Ganesh A.
Published: November 2023

Arrhythmia disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide and are primarily recognized by the patient’s irregular cardiac rhythms. Wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices can reliably measure patients’ heart rhythms by producing electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Due to their non-invasive nature, ECG signals have been frequently employed to detect arrhythmias. The manual procedure, however, takes a long time and is prone to error. Utilizing deep learning models for early automatic identification of cardiac arrhythmias is a preferable approach that will improve diagnosis and therapy. Though ECG analysis using cloud-based methods can perform satisfactorily, they still suffer from security issues. It is essential to provide secure data transmission and storage for IoT medical data because of its significant development in the healthcare system. So, this paper proposes a secure arrhythmia classification system with the help of effective encryption and a deep learning (DL) system. The proposed method mainly involved two phases: ECG signal transmission and arrhythmia disease classification. In the ECG signal transmission phase, the patient’s ECG data collected through the IoT sensors is encrypted using the optimal key-based elgamal elliptic curve cryptography (OKEGECC) mechanism, and the encrypted data is securely transmitted to the cloud. After that, in the arrhythmia disease classification phase, the system collects the data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) database to perform training. The collected data is preprocessed by applying the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to improve the quality of the ECG data. Next, the feature extraction is carried out by deformable attention-centered residual network 50 (DARNet-50), and finally, the classification is performed using butterfly-optimized Bi-directional long short-term memory (BOBLSTM). The experimental outcomes showed that the proposed system achieves 99.76% accuracy, which is better than the existing related schemes.
A new unsupervised outlier detection method
Authors: Zheng Lina , Chen Lijun , Wang Yini
Published: November 2023

Information amount has been shown to be one of the most efficient methods for measuring uncertainty. However, there has been little research on outlier detection using information amount. To fill this void, this paper provides a new unsupervised outlier detection method based on the amount of information. First, the information amount in a given information system is determined, which offers a thorough estimate of the uncertainty of this information system. Then, the relative information amount and the relative cardinality are proposed. Following that, the degree of outlierness and weight function are shown. Furthermore, the information amount-based outlier factor is constructed, which determines whether an object is an outlier by its rank. Finally, a new unsupervised outlier detection method called the information amount-based outlier factor (IAOF) is developed. To validate the effectiveness and advantages of IAOF, it is compared to five existing outlier identification methods. The experimental results on real-world data sets show that this method is capable of addressing the problem of outlier detection in categorical information systems.
Contemporary vocational rehabilitation strategies for people with advanced cancer: A literature review and conceptual framework
Authors: Fry Hannah E. , Rumrill Phillip D.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: People with advanced cancer constitute an emerging vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumer population. OBJECTIVE: Following an overview of the nature and needs of Americans who have advanced forms of cancer, the authors present strategies to meet the service and support needs of these individuals across the phases of the VR process. METHODS: The authors present the sequential stages of the VR process, including implications for working with advanced cancer survivors during each stage. RESULTS: The importance of individualized case planning, employer consultation, workplace accommodations, interface with medical and mental health professionals, and adherence to self-care and symptom management regimens is emphasized throughout the article. CONCLUSION: Growing numbers of people worldwide are surviving advanced cancers for longer periods of time than ever before, which makes them an emerging disability population and rehabilitation clientele.
Ankle proprioception in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Boyer Elizabeth , Huang Qiyin , Ngwesse Stacy , Nelson Jennifer , Oh Jinseok , Konczak Jürgen
Published: November 2023

PURPOSE: There is no established clinical standard to evaluate ankle proprioception in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study compared ankle position sense of children with CP to age-matched children who are typically developing (TD). METHODS: Children aged 6–17 years participated (15 CP, 58 TD). Using a custom-built device, the ankle was passively rotated to two positions for 25 trials. Using a psychophysical forced-choice paradigm, participants indicated which position was more plantarflexed. A psychometric function was fitted to the response data to determine the just noticeable difference (JND) threshold and the associated uncertainty (random error) for ankle position sense. RESULTS: Median JND thresholds for the CP group were elevated (CP: 4.3°, TD: 3.0°). Three children with CP exceeded the 95th percentile of TD. No differences in random error were found. CONCLUSION: This method assessed ankle proprioception relative to norm data and identified position sense impairments in children with CP. Using this method can provide data on proprioceptive status in CP, augmenting the assessment of motor impairment.
Multidisciplinary physical rehabilitation program of individuals with spinal muscular atrophy in an inclusive school setting
Authors: Ahmed Faruq , Islam Asma , Akter Suria , Al Zubayer Md Abdullah , Mahmud Md Nasim , Yeasmin Hosneara , Mawa Zannatul
Published: November 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular ailment that leads to the deprivation of motor neurons in the spinal cord, producing denervation and muscle weakness. This case report explains how a patient with type 2 SMA used a therapeutic exercise rehabilitation program in a school environment. Motor functions were assessed by Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (HFMS), which is validated and reliable. This study employed a repeated pre-test post-test measures design. During a year of treatment sessions, the child underwent twice weekly 45-minute physical therapy sessions for 48 weeks. The research was carried out between March 2022 and February 2023. The purpose of the intervention, which comprised a variety of therapeutic workouts, was to enhance physical function and gross motor abilities in an age-appropriate manner. The intervention utilized in this study led to improvements in GMFM-88, HFMS, and MMT total scores. The results of this case study showed that a child with type 2 SMA aged nine had successfully improved their gross motor skills and muscle strength.
SUBSTANTIATION OF ENERGY-POWER PARAMETERS
OF THE STEEL LADLE SLIDE GATE CATAPULT
Authors: ERON’KO S. P. , OSHOVSKAYA E. V. , PONAMAREVA E. A. , TSYKHMISTRO E. S.
Published: November 2023

The theoretical and experimental studies were performed in the design and energy-power parameters of the catapult, which is part of the steel ladle slide gate and ensures the destruction of the crust, which often forms in the surface layer of the loose starting mixture at the inlet of the outlet channel and prevents the beginning of the free outflow of liquid metal when the ladle tundish is first opened. A method was proposed for calculating the dimensions of flat elastic elements of a catapult, taking into account the dimensions of slide gates installed on the steel casting ladles with a capacity of 100–300 tons, as well as the strength of the resulting crust. The obtained calculated dependences are based on the law of conservation of energy of the studied catapult system. It is shown that its use would eliminate the need to use oxygen for burning the solid bulkhead and thereby eliminate the intense destruction of the working walls of the steel outlet channel, contamination of the cast metal with exogenous inclusions and violation of the required velocity mode of its flow from the ladle. Compared with known foreign analogues, the proposed catapult favourably differs in its simple design, low cost, low operating costs and reusable application. This is achieved by moving its power unit out of the steel outlet channel of the ladle gate
INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE SATURATING MIXTURE DURING CHROME VANADIZING OF STEEL ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE COATING
Authors: SHABUROVA, N. A. , SHABUROVA YU. D. , PASHKEEV I. YU.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on the joint thermal diffusion saturation of steel X35CrNi2-3 with chromium and vanadium at a temperature of 1000°C for 24 hours. In the experiments, vanadium was used as the second saturating component, both in the form of ferrovanadium and pure metal with a fraction of up to 150 μm, introduced in amounts of 10 and 15 % (wt.). A technique for analyzing the obtained coating is presented, based on the possibilities of X-ray spectral microanalysis of the diffusion layer on transverse microsections of the obtained samples. The elemental composition of the diffusion layer was monitored using a JEOL JSM-6460 LV universal scanning (scanning) electron microscope. The obtained data shows that the composition of the saturating mixture has a signifi-cant effect on the structure and morphology of the outer diffusion layer. In the case of using pure vanadium powder, both the outer coating and the underlying metal under it become loose, porous, which degrades the surface quality. When using ferrovanadium, the coating is devoid of such disadvantages. The depth of chromium diffusion in all vari-ants of chromium vanadization is lower than with the one-component saturation.
Simulation of hot deformation of cast super duplex corrosion-resistant steel
Authors: Rushchits S. V. , Shaburova N. A. , Sedukhin V. V. , Akhmed’yanov A. M. , Samoilov S. P. , Anikeev A. N. , Chumanov I. V.
Published: November 2023

The deformation behavior of cast super duplex steel has been studied in the temperature range 1100–1250 °C and strain rates 0.1–10 s–1. Hot deformation was carried out by uniaxial compression of cylindrical samples on a Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator. It is shown that the flow stresses decrease with an increase in temperature and a decrease in the strain rate in accordance with a change in the Zener‒Hollomon parameter of the temperature-speed mode of deformation. The shape of the flow curves indicates that hot deformation is accompanied by intense dy-namic softening. As a result, the flow stresses experience a drop or remain at a constant level after reaching peak values. Ferrite in all studied modes of hot deformation acquires a dynamically recrystallized structure. At the lowest deformation temperature (1100 °C) and relatively high deformation rates (1–10 s–1), the austenite softening mechanism is dynamic recovery. A decrease in the strain rate, as well as an increase in the deformation temperature, causes a partial dynamic recrystallization of austenite. Under the same deformation conditions, the level of plastic flow stresses in the steel under study is significantly higher than in standard duplex stainless steels. From the analysis of the peak stresses of the flow, the value of the effective activation energy Q = 501.31 kJ/mol of hot deformation, which is necessary for calculating the Zener‒Hollomon parameter, was determined. An expression for the peak flow stress is obtained in the form of a hyperbolic function of the Zener‒Hollomon parameter. The resulting expression describes the array of experimental data with high accuracy and can be used to estimate the required energy-power parameters of forging and rolling equipment. A comparative assessment of the hot ductility of super duplex steel is carried out by finding the amount of deformation corresponding to the appearance of the first macroscopic cracks on the sample surface. It is shown that at a strain rate of 10 s–1, which is typical for hot stamping processes, the safest temperature range of deformation of the steel under study is the temperature range of 1150–1250 °C, in which austenite undergoes partial dynamic recrystallization, and the risk of crack formation decreases.
High-temperature oxidation resistance of Al0.25CoCrFeNiSi0.6 high entropy alloy
Authors: Samoilova O. V. , Shaburova N. A. , Sudarikov M. V. , Trofimov E. A.
Published: November 2023

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a relatively new type of alloys and, unlike traditional alloys based on one or two main components, HEAs include five or more components in close to equimolar ratios. These alloys are currently considered as promising materials for the manufacture of coatings on parts operating in difficult operating conditions – parts of gas turbines, turbojet and jet engines, etc. The possible use of HEAs at high temperatures makes it relevant to assess the ability of HEAs to resist high-temperature oxidation. In the course of this work, the behavior of the HEA of the composition Al0.25CoCrFeNiSi0.6 was studied during isothermal exposure for 10 hours for temperatures of 700 and 1000 °C in air. The kinetic curves of oxidation were constructed, on the basis of which it was established that the spe-cific weight gain after 10 hours of exposure at 700 °C was 1 mg/cm2, at 1000 °C – 4 mg/cm2. Samples before and after oxidation were studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, and X-ray phase analysis. It has been established that the phase composition of the oxide film after exposure at 700 °C is represented only by Al2O3 and Cr2O3 oxides, while after exposure at 1000 °C were found Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiO2, Al2SiO5, Fe2SiO4, Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 and FeCr2O4. The use of the Al0.25CoCrFeNiSi0.6 HEA with the ratio Si/Al = 2.4 under operating conditions at elevated temperatures can be considered inappropriate.
Determination of the wear of the surfaces of barrels of work rolls in a continuous finishing group of stands of a wide-strip hot rolling mill
Authors: Shalaevskii D. L.
Published: November 2023

Compensate for elastic and thermal deformations of the work rolls, as well as to ensure the possibility of rolling a flat strip, the surface of the barrel of the work rolls is profiled. During the production of steel strips on a continuous mill, the initial grinding profiles of the barrel surfaces change due to their wear. According to a number of studies, the shape of the worn surface will be determined by a number of factors: by sliding the rolled metal along the roll in the deformation zone, which depends, among other things, on the length of the produced strip; temperature conditions in the deformation zone; the presence of a movable intermediate layer between the roll and the strip, for example, mill scale during hot rolling or cutting fluid during cold rolling; chemical composition of the rolled steel; quality of rolling rolls; applied steel strip reduction modes in the mill stands; uneven heating of the rolled metal over the section, as well as some other parameters. A study was carried out on the basis of experimental data on evaluating the profile of the barrel of work rolls after they were dumped and cooled from the rolling stands. It was found that the main parameter affecting the wear of the surface is the length of the strip rolled in a given stand. It has been confirmed that wear along the length of the roll barrel is uneven. A method for calculating the wear of the surfaces of the barrels of the work rolls of a wide-strip mill along their length, based on the operating mode, is proposed. The results of the study can be used to improve the shape of the grinding profiling curve of the work roll barrels and it can be used in models for controlling the shape of a strip, and calculate technological rolling conditions
FORMULATION OF PROBLEM FOR DETERMINING INITIAL CONDITIONS IN ROLLING SIMULATION OF RAILWAY RAILS
Authors: NOVOZHILOV I. S. , NEPRYAKHIN S. O. , RUBTSOV V. YU.
Published: November 2023

The results of modeling railway rails rolling, which are given in open publications, differ significantly from each other. The simulation showed that reason for discrepancy is difference between the initial and boundary conditions accepted by the researchers, which makes their determination relevant when simulating rolling of rails in universal mills. The simulation of railway rail rolling process in universal mill finishing pass has been carried out. To calculate temperature fields and energy-power parameters, the Deform-3D software package was used. Due to absence of the chosen 76HSF rail steel in standard library of parameters Deform-3D software package, a database of its properties was created for this steel grade, including the hardening curves. As boundary conditions, it is assumed that the deformable metal is incompressible and has rigid plastic properties; the material of rolls is absolutely rigid; ambient temperature in workshop t = 20°C. As the initial conditions, the constructed 3D models of rolls and rail were used with appropriate dimensions and saved in the STL format. To reduce the calculation time of a rail, a grid of 102264 elements and 19849 nodes was used. When setting the initial conditions, the rotation of vertical rolls through the moment transmitted to them was taken into account, which had the most reliable effect on calculation results and proved the rail bending effect in the transverse direction. The rolling simulation reliability depends on completeness and quality of setting initial and boundary conditions, including rolling reinforcement, rolls material, friction conditions and thermal diffusivity, as well as speed and dynamic conditions of rolling. The results of study showed that the Deform-3D system makes it possible to create both initial conditions with large amount of data and boundary conditions of various parameters that maximally reflect the nature of one or another MDM process.
FEATURES OF OBTAINING SPECIAL OIL AND GAS DRILLING PIPES
Authors: MAMEDOV А. T. , ISMAILOV N. SH. , GUSEINOV M. CH. , GULIEV F. T. , SHAKHOV S. I. , SIVAK B. A.
Published: November 2023

Steels for drill pipes used in the oil and gas industry are subject to high requirements regarding alloying along with special metallurgical treatment. The technologies used at Baku Steel Company to ensure the required level of quality of pipes were examined. Data on chemical composition of billets from 21 melts of manganese containing steel 32Г2 in 60-t electric arc furnace and strength indexes of pipes with 114×7,4 mm section produced from the melts are presented in this study. The analysis of data has confirmed the possibility of producing pipes of proper quality at specified heat treatment regimes. However, in a number of cases the cracks and some other defects appeared during pipe rolling. Additional research has been carried out to eliminate them. It was recommended to use scrap with reduced impurities during charging electiric arc furnace and the proportion of pig iron should be increased. When steel is processed in a ladle-furnace, the timely supply of aluminium and other components must be provided. To ensure high chemical purity of steel and maximum removal of non-metallic impurities, to obtain a denser structure of the cast billet, it is recommended to apply special methods of exposure in the mould and carefully control the parameters of continuous casting. The recommendations were formulated for continuous casting regimes, including casting speed and cooling intensity.
STUDY OF COMPOSITION OF NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ELECTRIC ARC COATING FORMED USING FLUX-CORED WIRE OF THE Fe‒C‒Si‒Mn‒Сr‒Ni‒Mo SYSTEM
Authors: KOZYREV N. A. , OSETKOVSKII I. V. , USOL’TSEV A. A. , POLEVOI E. V. , MIKHNO A. R.
Published: November 2023

The creation of modern technologies for the formation of wear-resistant coatings by the electric arc method requires research on the structure and composition of the electric arc surface layer. The composition of nonmetallic inclusions and microstructure of electric arc coating using flux-cored wire of Fe‒C‒Si‒Mn‒Сr‒Ni‒Mo system were studied. The formation of electric arc coating was carried out with a welding tractor ASAW-1250 using fabricated flux-cored wire on plates of 09Г2С steel. In order to influence the level of contamination of the deposited metal with oxide nonmetallic inclusions, aluminum production gas cleaning dust (instead of amorphous carbon) was introduced into the composition of the cored wire. The chemical composition of the deposited metal was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer XRF-1800 and atomic-emission method using spectrometer DFS-71. The microstructure of electric arc coatings was studied using an optical microscope Olympus GX51. The study of the phase and elemental composition was carried out on a scanning electron microscope MIRA 3 LMH. The non-metallic inclusions in the arc coating consist of oxides of aluminum, silicon, fluorine, with a low content of sodium and magnesium. The dark component in the inclusion consists
of aluminum and magnesium oxides with a low content of manganese. Traces of sulfur are observed along its contour. The metallographic analysis of the clad surface showed that the microstructure of the clad layer is coarse-needle martensite. The structure is uniform and has a dendritic (columnar) structure characteristic of cast metal. The results of the studies allow us to develop measures to reduce the content of non-metallic inclusions containing elements of fluorine, sodium and aluminum, which in turn can adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of the clad layer. For example, by using refining additives to reduce the contamination of the cladding layer with nonmetallic inclusions.
THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AT STEEL ALLOYED WITH MANGANESE AND CHROME
Authors: MAKROVETS L. A.
Published: November 2023

In order to analyze the phase equilibria that are realized in the Fe–Mn–Cr–C–O system at the liquid metal existence temperatures, an extensive material on the thermodynamics of the interaction reactions of components dissolved in liquid iron has been generalized and systematized, and a database of mutually consistent data has been created. For the first time, the thermodynamic modeling of liquidus line coordinates has been performed and state diagrams for MnO–Cr2O3 and FeO–MnO–Cr2O3 systems have been plotted. The temperature for MnCr2O4 incongruent melting ( = 1812°С) and the enthalpy and entropy for formation of this compound from the components of the oxide melt of the MnO–Cr2O3 system were calculated ( = 190.77 kJ/mol and ( = 75.62 J/(mol•K), respectively). It is shown that for the FeO–MnO–Cr2O3 system phase diagram, there are extensive areas of equilibrium for the oxide melt with solid oxides solutions FeO, MnO and solid solutions of chromites FeCr2O4, MnCr2O4 with variable composition. The energy parameters of the theory of subregular ionic solutions were determined and used for calculation of the activities of oxide melt components (FeO, Cr2O3, MnO). The data obtained made it possible to refine the boundaries of the liquid metal composition in areas, which is in equilibrium with specific oxide phases. It is shown that at steelmaking temperature (1600°C) and contents of manganese and chromium in liquid iron about 1 wt. %, the formation of spinels’ solid solution inclusions is possible. Increasing the temperature to 1800°C (for example, when metal is blown with oxy-gen) can shift the equilibrium towards the formation of liquid oxide inclusions. The obtained results can be used in modeling of steel alloying with manganese and chromium. The effect of carbon on the nature of the phase equilibria that are realized in the system is taken into account. It is shown that already at a carbon content in the liquid metal at the level of 0.1–0.2 wt. %, there is a wide range of metal compositions that are in equilibrium with the gas phase {CO, CO2}. The obtained results can be used in modeling of the processes of steel alloying with manganese and chromium
PROCESSES OF WELDED JOINT STRUCTURE FORMATION DURING ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDING OF RAILWAY RAILS
Authors: YUR’EV A. B. , KOZYREV N. A. , SHEVCHENKO R. A. , MIKHNO A. R. , KHRENOVA A. V.
Published: November 2023

During operation of a continuous welded rail track, most of the fractures occur in welded joints. Welded joints failures take place due to various reasons including the presence of the hardened areas in the welded joint and increased local wear of the rolling surface. The paper presents the dilatometry results and the obtained continuous cooling transformation diagram of the supercooled austenite decomposition for R350LHT rail steel, which make it possible to define the critical cooling rate. It was determined that during welding in hard modes the welded joint cooling rate is lower than the critical one which leads to the martensite formation in the welded seam. The positions of critical points and phase equilibrium areas for the given rail steel were also modeled. It is proposed to use a new method for welding railroad rails based on the knowledge of dependences of the structural components dispersity and, first of all, pearlite and carbide particles formed in the process of obtaining welded joints of rails on the composition of steel and the conditions of their cooling.
ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE LIMITING NITROGEN CONCENTRATION IN DUPLEX STEELS
Authors: CHUMANOV I. V. , SEDUKHIN V. V.
Published: November 2023

The history of origin of the duplex steels (austenitic-ferritic type steels) and improvement of their manufacturing methods in the process of development of metallurgical technologies are described. The influence of nitrogen as an alloying element in steels of this class is considered, as well as the peculiarities of structure formation and different types of compounds in the crystallizing melt of the considered chemical compositions. Influence of limiting nitrogen concentration in the metal as a limiting factor for obtaining defect-free ingots is described. The various methods are given, which makes it possible to predict the nitrogen content in the metal depending on its chemical composition, temperature and atmospheric pressure. These theoretical methods include calculations using the mathematical approach of interaction parameters, calculations using the concept of equivalent concentrations and empirical dependences. A calculation for the specific composition of super duplex steel has been performed and the most promising method for predicting the limiting nitrogen concentration has been established. In order to verify this method of calculation, the work was carried out to obtain experimental samples with different nitrogen contents by smelting pure materials in an open induction furnace. During the experiments, smelting of two compositions of superduplex steel with different nitrogen content was carried out. The results of the macrostructure and chemical composition study of the obtained samples correlate with the results of calculations according to various methods and the conclusion about the possibility of using a specific dependence, using in its basis the mathematical approach of the interaction parameters of the first and second order, when predicting the limiting nitrogen content as an alloying element in obtaining austenite-ferritic steels.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PIPE STEEL GRADES IN CO2 ENVIRONMENT
Authors: MISHNEV P. A. , ADIGAMOV R. R. , BARABOSHKIN K. A. , VARKHALEVA Т. S. , FEDOTOV E. S. , KARLINA А. I.
Published: November 2023

A brief characteristic and comparison of 14 mathematical models of CO2 corrosion prediction: de Waard model (DW), Norsok M-506 (NO), Hydrocor (HY), Corplus (CO), Cassandra (CA), KSC Model (KS), Multicorp (MU), ECE Model (EC), Predict (PR), Tulsa Model (TU), ULL Model (UL), CorPos (CP), OLI Model (OL), SweetCor (SW) were presented. The basic characteristics of models were given (the information about the developers, it is described if the model is open or commercial, if it is based on laboratory data, field data or a mechanistic model, if the H2S effect is taken into account). The effect and specifics of calculation in each of the models are considered. The Tulsa Model (TU) and Predict (PR) have the greatest effect. At that, the risk of local corrosion, the influence of organic acids and H2S on the corrosion rate (the partial pressure of CO2 in the model up to 70 bar; the model is commercial). Open Norsok M-506 (NO) and KSC Model (KS) have moderate effect in accounting for formation and condensed water and pH effect on corrosion rate. However, the KSC Model (KS) takes into account the risk of localized corrosion. The open DW model has great efficiency in accounting for crude oil wetting. For further application in development and improvement of pipe steels produced by PJSC “Severstal” it is worth to apply multi-factor models Tulsa Model (TU) and Predict (PR) to account for operating parameters. It is also worth noting that all the listed models don't take into account the rolled steel parameters (microstructure, resistance to hydrogen cracking HIC, general corrosion tests). That's why Severstal together with IMET UrO RAS is developing our own model based on standardized tests and production experience and will allow to produce the new types of pipe steel with specified properties for consumers.
STUDYING THE CAUSES OF THE “GAS POROSITY” APPEARANCE ON SURFACE OF THE WELDED JOINTS
Authors: SHIKOVA I. I. , MIKHAILOV G. G.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the problem of the appearance of the “gas porosity” on the surface of welded seams during automatic arc welding using a ceramic flux. The factors of the gases’ appearance in the zone of the welded seam considered: increased humidity of the charge components used in the production of flux and the effect of the pyrohydrolysis reaction of calcium fluoride. The samples of fluorspar used to manufacture the flux were tested for moisture content after various storage conditions. The results were compared with the data obtained by heating pure calcium fluoride. They indicate that pure calcium fluoride absorbs less moisture than all the fluorspar samples. Thus, despite the quality control throughout the entire production cycle of the ceramic flux, the purity of the initial charge components directly affects the quality of the final product.
ANALYSIS OF DEVIATIONS DURING THE BLAST FURNACE SMELTING IN THE BLOW-IN PERIOD AND MEASURES TO PREVENT AND ELIMINATE THEM
Authors: PISHIKIN A. A. , AL’TER M. A. , SHCHEGLOV E. M. , SEMENOV O. A. , LOGVINOV N. V. , TITOV V. N. , INOZEMTSEV N. S.
Published: November 2023

The work of blast furnaces during their blow-in period after major repairs is analyzed, the individual deviations from the normal operating mode are noted and the causes of their occurrence are investigated. It is shown that in three or four out of ten start-up campaigns, immediately after the ignition of coke, there is an abrupt increase in the
temperature of the top gas in the gas outlets to values exceeding 800 °C and representing a serious issue to the metal structures of the top. At the same time, with approach to the melting zone of the charge of fluxed coke and the “ore” charge, the thermal state of the furnace decreases. Therefore, on the one hand, the location of the melting zone is determined by the composition of the charge, and, on the other hand, by the amount of the hearth gas heat involved in the heat exchange with the charge. At a high total speed of convergence of oncoming heat flows, the factor of residence time of
iron ore materials in the zone of active reduction acquires a fundamentally important role. With “cold” blows, the reduction of iron not only continued in the lower coke deadman, but did not even complete: the FeO content in the slags of the first tapping reached 5–10% or more, and the silicon content in the pig iron decreased to the minimum values. The presence of increased moisture in the coke nozzle leads to the impossibility of normal processing of smelting products, since the heat consumption for moisture evaporation does not allow heating the slag to a good fluidity temperature, and it also leads to cooling of the hearth and disruption of the communication channels of the tuyere zone with the metal receiver. It is noted that blow-in using multicomponent charges is accompanied by the increased energy consumption, which is due to both the peculiarity of the heat exchange during the blow-in period and an increased degree of direct reduction. Minimizing the risks of technological disruption associated with the loss of the drainage capacity of the hearth during the blow-in period is possible through the implementation of measures to minimize the moisture content in the coke deadman
before starting the blast furnace after the major repairs.