bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Effects of Paracetamol and Pethidine on First-stage Labor Pain Relief and Their Maternal and Neonatal Complications
Authors:   Midwifery (MSc), Departments of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Khammar Masoumeh , Ghorashi Zohreh ,   Assistant Professor, Departments of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Manshoori Azita ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The pain relief effect of Paracetamol, as a safe analgesic drug in labor, compared to Pethidine, as a well-known analgesic drug, need to be more evaluated. Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of Paracetamol and Pethidine on the first-stage labor pain relief and neonatal and maternal complications. Materials and Methods: This single-blind, parallel group, randomized clinical trial conducted on 100 nulliparous pregnant women referred to a maternity hospital in Rafsanjan Iran in 2018 who were selected using a convenience sampling method and by assigned into two groups Paracetamol (n=49, receiving 100 mg intravenous Paracetamol) and Pethidine (n= 51, receiving 50 mg intravenous Pethidine) using the minimization method. The drugs were administered when there was at least a 4-cm cervical dilation. Maternal complications and infant’s 1 and 5-min the Apgar scores and ability to breastfeed were evaluated. Pain intensity measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and compared using two-way repeated measures ANOVA before and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after drug administration. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in term of age, body mass index, and gestational age, and no significant difference in pain intensity in any groups among the time points. Maternal complications were significantly lower in the Paracetamol group than in the Pethidine group; however, the difference was statistically significant only in terms of nausea (P=0.04). Infants’ breastfeeding ability was significantly better in Paracetamol group than in the Pethidine group (P=0.04). The results of two-way ANOVA showed that the mean VAS score was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Paracetamol can alleviate the first-stage labor pain similar to Pethidine, but with fewer maternal and neonatal complications.
Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Cognitive Impairment in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   Nursing (PhD), Instructor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Javanmardifard Sorur , Shirazi Fatemeh ,   Assistant Professor, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Jamalnia Sheida ,   Medical Journalism (MSc), School of Paramedical sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Sadeghi Erfan ,   Medical Journalism (MSc), School of Paramedical sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Caregivers play a critical role in health management of patients with chronic diseases. Caregiving is associated with experiencing different emotional and psychological problems. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between caregiver burden and cognitive function in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 215 family caregivers of adult patients with T2D were selected by a systematic random sampling method. A socio-demographic form, the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s rho correlation test. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the power of Cognitive Impairment (CI) in predicting the caregiver burden. P<0.05 was considered as the statistically significance level. Results: The mean age of caregivers and patients were 48±9 and 52±2 years, respectively. The mean score of CBI was 24.57±18.2, indicating a moderate level of caregiver burden. The mean score of MMSE was 25.25±3.6, indicating a mild CI in patients. Caregiver burden showed a significant correlation with cognitive function (r=-0.336, 95% CI; 0.53–0.89, P=0.001) such that the decreased CI was associated with an increase in total caregiver burden (r=-0.348, 95% CI; 0.43–0.87, P=0.001). The regression results showed that the CI levels were not predictors of caregiver burden severity. Conclusion: The CI of patients with T2D may affect their caregivers’ burden. Therefore, assessing the cognitive function of these patients can help healthcare providers conduct interventions to enhance the caregivers’ quality of life.
Effect of Motivational Enhancement Therapy on Patterns of Substance Abuse in Postpartum Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Midwifery Counseling (MSc), Department of Midwifery,Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Esmaeilinejad Hasaroeih Fatemeh , Shahrahmani Nasim ,   PhD Candidate of Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Razi Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Ahmadi Atefeh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Razi Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Mirzaee Moghaddameh ,   Associate professor, Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health,Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman.Iran., Alidousti Katayoun ,   MSc in Midwifery, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Hashemian Morteza ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: As a biopsychosocial phenomenon, substance abuse is a major public health problem with negative economic, social, and cultural consequences. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Motivational-Enhancement Therapy (MET) on substance abuse patterns in postpartum women with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 eligible postpartum women with SUD (30 in the intervention group and 30 control), who were selected using a random sampling method from the postpartum unit of a hospital in Kerman, Iran in 2019. The participants in the intervention group attended four individual MET sessions and received four telephone follow-ups. All participants completed a researcher-made substance use pattern checklist before and after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out using McNemar’s test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square test. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of women was 29.25±5.89 years, and most of them were housewives with elementary education. A significant reduction was observed in the number of opium (P=0.008) and methadone (P=0.003) users after the intervention. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the amount of opium and methadone use (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the method and frequency of substance use before and after the intervention. Conclusion: MET is effective in the type and amount of opium and methadone used in postpartum women with SUD. Therefore, it can be used along with other treatments for the treatment of SUD in women after delivery.
Diakoni Çalışmalarının Kutsal Kitap Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAHAN Harun Dündar
Published: July 2022

Hıristiyanların maddi ve manevi her türlü yardım faaliyetlerini kapsayan ve Protestan kilisesi tarafından organize edilen diakoni çalışmaları ilhamını Îsâ’dan almakla birlikte, zamanla hizmet alanını ve çeşitliliğini değişen şartlar ve ihtiyaçlar çerçevesinde geliştirerek günümüzdeki kurumsal yapısına kavuşmuştur. Özü itibarıyla Hıristiyan “sevgi” inancına dayanan diakoni çalışmalarının ilk örnekleri esasında Eski Ahit’e dayanmaktadır. Îsâ’nın uygulamalarıyla farklı bir boyut kazanan diakoni Yeni Ahit’in merkezi kavramlarından birisi olmuştur. Elbette ki Îsâ zamanında bugünkü manada kurumsallaşmış bir diakoniden bahsetmek mümkün değildir. Îsâ’dan sonra havariler zamanındaki uygulamalar günümüz diakonisinin temellerinin atılmasında büyük ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Yaşanan felaketler ve ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlar neticesinde özellikle 18. yüzyıldan sonra diakoni, Protestan kilisesi bünyesinde kurumsal bir yapıya bürünmüştür.
Production of thin film of multicomponent inorganic semiconductors under quasi-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Tsizh B. , Dziamski Z.
Published: July 2022

Issues of improving the properties of semiconductor thin film and their reproducibility, as well as improving and reducing the cost of manufacturing technology stimulate research and development of new, advanced methods. Therefore, it is important to optimize the technology of getting reproducible, competitive, high-tech thin films of multicomponent semiconductor compounds with predetermined properties. In the given article it is shown that constructive and technological improvements of a method of thermal spraying in vacuum allow to minimize nonequilibrium conditions of film growth, keeping the advantages of thermovacuum spraying, such as high reproducibility, processability and productivity, a wide range of variations in the synthesis conditions, and, accordingly, the properties of condensates, maximum purity of growth processes, as well as ease of performing and management and cost-effectiveness of the process of getting perfect condensates. For this purpose, we have developed a special construction of a quasi-fusion evaporator and a device for getting semiconductor film in vacuum, as well as a version of a transparent “hot wall”. The resistivity, cross section and geometric dimensions of the cover and the heater of the developed structures were selected so that in the mode of resistive heating of the evaporator temperature gradient due to the difference in their electrical resistance, and, accordingly, the Joule heat of current, in the temperature range 673… 1473 K provided the temperature of the cover 1.1 ... 1.3 times higher than the temperature of the heater. Due to the elevated temperature of the cover, the solid fraction is either repelled on the sublimating (evaporating) surface and the walls of the crucible, or undergoes sublimation (evaporation) from the surface of the cover. Depending on the values of the sputtering rate, the grain size of semiconductor polycrystalline film varied from units of nanometers to several micrometers. Crystallinely ordered films were got at relatively low values of the sputtering rate (0.5...5 nm·s-1). It was set up the technological conditions for getting thin films of multicomponent semiconductors, which ensure the independence of the chemical composition of condensates from the evaporation rate in the wide range from 0.05 to 20 nm·s-1, uniform composition of the gas phase during sublimation, absence of inhomogeneous solids in  films, wide range properties of condensates and their high reproducibility.
Research of changes in quality indicators of fish pate with non-traditional raw materials
Authors: Holembovska N. , Vlasenko A.
Published: July 2022

Taking into account the results of literature research on the nutritional value of quail eggs, it was found that the development of technology of fish pates with their use is relevant and has practical significance in the technology of production of fish products. The article presents the results of chemical composition, organoleptic evaluation and physico-chemical changes of fish pate with the addition of non-traditional raw materials and setting their shelf life. The expediency of combining freshwater fish with plant and animal raw materials to expand the range of biologically valuable food products is shown. Positive general impressions, harmonious, fishy and sweet-salty taste, showed the feasibility of combining quail eggs and vegetable raw materials with freshwater fish, as evidenced by high performance in appearance, taste and smell. According to the consistency of fish pate smeared and quite dense. It was found that in the experimental sample during storage are hydrolytic spoilage, which indicates the intensive hydrolysis of lipids and the accumulation of free fatty acids in these samples. In the prototypes, the hydrolytic damage gradually increases and only reaches the critical point by the end of the shelf life. Oxidative processes in the lipids of fish pastes were studied by changes in the accumulation of primary oxidation products – peroxides and secondary products – carbonyl compounds. According to the dynamics of changes in the peroxide content of lipids in pate, it was found that the control sample is not subject to storage for 5 days as well as the test sample, the fat content deteriorates and is characterized as non-storage. It has been experimentally established that the addition of non-traditional raw materials allows not only to improve the technology of pate production, but also to solve the problem of obtaining a product of high nutritional value. The authors found that the developed technology of fish pate will significantly expand the range of functional products based on natural ingredients, which will to some extent expand the current problem of processing raw materials in inland waters of Ukraine.
El sector forestal de México de cara al siglo XXI
Authors:   Posgrado en Ciencias Forestales. Colegio de Postgraduados. Montecillo., Caballero Deloya Miguel
Published: July 2022

The Mexican forestry sector is result of adverse effects which have impacted the forestry ecosystems along decades. The presentnatural resource condition present reflects significant problems in the three components of sustainability, economic, social andenvironmental. From the Economic perspective, the volume of wood harvest has practically remained static along the two lastdecades. As a result, the international trade deficit of wood products has been increasing significantly. The contribution of theforestry sector to the gross national product (PIB) remains below 1 %. From the social perspective, poverty and margination in ruralarea continues with no expectation of possible solution in the near future. The nation confronts an uncertain future, relative to theadverse impact of climate change, increasing degradation and contamination of terrestrial y marine ecosystems, biodiversity lossand forest communities poverty. From de the Economic Outlook, Mexico faces a growing demand of Forest derived goods andservices. The exposed problem poses the urgent need of a thorough planning for the conservation, use and sustainable managementof forest resources under a long run perspective. For the future supply of goods and services provided by the natural resource, amarket prospective is needed, starting from the estimated future Forest ecosystem supply and demand for the three Sustainableconditions. Relevant aspects to consider for future planning are: Sustainable Forest management from watersheds; promotion tocommunity development; commercial Forest plantations as supplement of natural Forests; support to the productive and valuechain, establishment of dendroenergy Forest plantations, Effective territorial use planning and adequate and effective governance.
Estructura y diversidad de leñosas del matorral espinoso tamaulipeco en una reserva ecológica del noreste de México
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales., Patiño-Flores Ana María , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Molina-Guerra Víctor Manuel , Jurado Enrique , González-Rodríguez Humberto , Aguirre-Calderón Óscar
Published: July 2022

The Tamaulipas thorn scrub in northeastern Mexico is one of the ecosystems most degraded by human action. One of the measuresimplemented for its protection is the declaration of the creation of ecological reserves, which are areas destined for the conservationof ecosystems and what is found in them. This study seeks to know if the sites of the ecological reserve that have been reforestedwill present a lower abundance of individuals, cover, basal area and volume of wood than the rest of the reserve. Stratified randomsampling was carried out to determine the structure and diversity of the vegetation. 10 strata (sites) were established, where siteswith rectangular plots of 10 m × 20 m were established. Woody individuals with a basal diameter> 3 cm were evaluated in eachplot and the total height, basal diameter and crown diameter were measured. In the data analysis for each site, the basal area,canopy cover, timber volume and diversity were calculated, with these values an analysis of variance (ANOVA), WinTWINScluster analysis was performed and the vertical distribution index of species was determined. (A). Variables such as basal area,coverage, volume, diversity were determined, in addition to a WinTWINS cluster analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) as wellas the vertical distribution index of species (A). The mesquite-huizache site presented the highest basal area values; the ash scrub 2presented the highest coverage, while the vegetation in a site reforested six years ago, presented greater basal area and timbervolume than mature scrub and ash scrub sites. Four groups are distinguished in the TWINSPAN classification. The verticaldistribution registers two strata where a high proportion of species is found. The hypothesis is accepted, since the sites presentdifferences in their structure and diversity, being the reforested sites with 2 and 4 years those that presented the lowest abundanceof individuals, cover, basal area and timber volume.
Asociaciones y competencia entre géneros en parcelas permanentes establecidas en el norte de Durango
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales., Rascón Ayala Jesús Manuel , Aguirre Calderón Oscar Alberto , Alanís Rodríguez Eduardo , González Tagle Marco Aurelio , Jiménez Pérez Javier , Vargas Larreta Benedicto , Corral Rivasa José Javier ,   Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto.,   Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera.
Published: July 2022

The ecosystem processes that take place within forest ecosystems have a very close relationship with the structure that they canshow, therefore being able to characterize it allows creating better strategies to maintain and improve them. The present study waselaborated to determine the relationships and competition of Picea, Abies, Pseudotsuga and Cupressus, based on the growth,development, and different types of species mixture in a temperate forest of Durango. A dot pattern analysis was used to evaluateaggregation, species mixture, dominance, and dimensional differentiation. The dasometric data were obtained from 10 permanentplots (2500 m²), considering: diameter> 7.5 cm, height, azimuth, and distance. IVI and different diversity indices were estimated; inaddition, a total of 1576 structural groups were analyzed. The average density for the evaluated areas was 629 N ha-¹, highlightingPinus with 660 N ha-¹, the genera with the highest IVI were Pinus and Picea. Regarding true diversity, the plot obtained the highestvalue. Through the Clark & Evans aggregation index, 90% of the areas showed a clustering trend in the genres included. Throughthe neighborhood indices, the areas showed a moderate mix, with a random and structurally co-dominant distribution.
Estimación de regeneración mediante variables ambientales e índices espectrales en ecosistemas con incendios forestales
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Flores-Rodríguez Ana Graciela , Flores-Garnica José Germán ,   Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias., González-Eguiarte Diego Raymundo , Gallegos-Rodríguez Agustín , Zarazúa-Villaseñor Patricia , Mena-Munguía Salvador
Published: July 2022

The problem of forest fires requires creating methodologies that allow evaluating and predicting the response that the ecosystem willhave to the impact of fire, in order to direct restoration actions in the areas that most require it. However, evaluating these areasdirectly in the field implies investment of resources (financial and personnel) which, along with time, are generally limited. For this,satellite images are a practical tool for the evaluation of large areas, or inaccessible areas, impacted by forest fires. In this work, thecorrelation presented by different variables measured in the field and derived from remote sensors, in relation to the naturalregeneration of pine that occurs in the La Primavera forest and in Sierra de Quila, Jalisco, was evaluated. The results showeddifferent variables to determine the predictive models of the natural regeneration of pine after the occurrence of a forest fire, beingthe fuels of 100 hours and 1000 hours, bark thickness and depth of burning, the variables taken directly in the field. that wereincluded in the models. While the burn area index, the regeneration index and the exposure, the variables taken by remote censorswere included in the predictive models. The models that showed a higher R² are those obtained by field variables for the tworegions. However, the model obtained only with remote sensor variables for La Primavera obtained an R² of 0.6083, Contrary toSierra de Quila where the model does not take any spectral index for the model, therefore it is advisable to establish a greaternumber of Sampling sites evenly distributed throughout the area affected by the fire, to improve the accuracy of the remote sensingmodels
Cambios en la estructura y composición forestal en un bosque de pino-encino en Jaumave, Tamaulipas, México
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria Agricultura Familiar, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias., Alfaro-Reyna Teresa , Delgado-Balbuena Josué , García-Cuevas Xavier ,   Campo experimental Chetumal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias., Chávez-Aguilar Griselda ,   Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria Agricultura Familiar, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias., Estrada-García José Antonio ,   Servicios técnicos forestales.
Published: July 2022

The pine-oak forest is distributed from the north to the south of Mexico, it has high susceptibility to degradation due to the increasein forest fires, pests, and other extremenatural events, which makes the need to conserve and sustainably use its resources relevant.Even when these forests are in a wide ecological niche (300 to 2500 m altitude), their populations are affected by the interaction ofextreme natural events and anthropogenic disturbances, causing changes in their structure and species composition. The floristiccomposition and forest structure of a pine-oak forest in Jaumave, Tamaulipas, were analyzed over 15 years, with three alternatesamplings in this period. A systematic samplingwas conducted in thirty-two circular plots of 1,000 m². In each plot, all trees with adiameter> 7.5 m were identified and measured. Basalarea (BA), density and species richnesswere calculated. In addition, the type offorest and disturbance type were identified. 3,567 individuals of sixteen distinct species (six familiesand six genera) were registered;the Quercus genus was the most abundant, representing 60% of the arboreal individuals. Three types of forests were defined: pine,oak, and pine-oak, based on the dominance of the basal area. Significant differences were found between measurement dates andfamilies(Pinaceae and Fagaceae, p <0.01). The BA increased with respect to the first and last measurement, increasing the BA of theoaks, while in pines it decreased. The differences were explained by the possible increase in pests, associated with prolongeddroughts registered between the years 2004 and 2010; causing a decrease in AB. Additionally, BA was affected by silviculturaltreatments applied in the control of debarker beetle (Dendroctonus sp.)
Dispersión espacial del arbolado en una cuenca forestal de Tapalpa, Jalisco
Authors:   Campo Experimental Centro – Altos de Jalisco, Centro de Investigación Regional Pacifico Centro, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias., Moreno González David Arturo
Published: July 2022

The management of the natural forest represents fundamental ecological, economic and social importance to the residents of theTapalpa mountain, Jalisco. For the best conservation, use and improvement of this forest resource, it seeks to deepen the knowledgeabout the behavior of the structural dynamics of forest masses. The present investigation was carried out through the informationtaken in 71 plots of a systematic sampling, carried out in small watershed of 912 hectares. The objetive was to describe thehorizontal structure, by exploring the pattern of the spatial dispersion of the trees and the tree density of the different stages ofdevelopment, from the youngest to the mature. The Clark and Evans index (I), based on the relationship between the tree-treedistance, was applied in three exercises: general, real and ideal. In the first, by providing a wide range of density, it was posible toobtain the three basic forms of dispersion: random, aggregate and regular. In the second, the aggregate dispersion predominated(96%) as it was the most common in nature. And, the third, based on a proposed density rate, aggregated dispersion also prevailed,which is why it is considered an appropiated perspective to designate silvicultural practices on thinning and regeneration cuts. In anycase, during forest management it is convenient to maintain the same distintive features of the forest, ensuring the spatial dispersionof the trees with Ivalues between 1 and 2.15 for every and each one of the development stages.
Gobernanza comunitaria de la conservación del bosque de San Miguel Topilejo, Tlalpan, CDMX
Authors:   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Desarrollo Rural., Aguilar Martínez Susana , Valtierra Pacheco Esteban ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Desarrollo Rural., Salas González José María ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Sociología Rural., León Merino Aurelio , Hernández Juárez Martín
Published: July 2022

The communal governance is a process of agreement building and taking decision over common use resources, which takes intoaccount norms that regulate access, use and management of territory, and rights and responsibilities of resource owners. The leveland type of governance generated in every community depends on the degree of participation of its members to generate agreementssupporting decision and collective actions on their territory. The objective of this study is to know the level of communitygovernance on forest conservation in San Miguel Topilejo. A survey was applied to a sample of 58 de community members. Thelevel of governance was determined by criteria and indicators about social capital, collective action and local organization of thiscommunity. The main findings show that this community have low level of governance for forest management and conservation.The social capital generated is low because it does not allow cohesion of its members. Collective action show lack of cooperationand coordination to decision making process for enforcement of norms and sanctions. Level of community organization is elementalthe structure of positions and roles in the participation of forest management. The conclusion is this community show low level ofgovernance because the lack of clear objectives, lack of well-established norms and sanctions and lack of involvement of comunerosin decision making processes and management of common use resources.
Elementos básicos de administración aplicados en el sector forestal comunitario de México: una revisión
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Manejo de Recursos Naturales., Rascón-Solano Joel , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar Alberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales., Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , Jiménez-Pérez Javier , Treviño-Garza Eduardo Javier , Nájera-Luna Juan Abel ,   Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación.
Published: July 2022

Managing the use of forest resources implies deciding when, where and how to harvest to meet market demands and meet the needsof the productive unit; the organization and administration of forest production processes seek to increase the efficiency of thecompany by rationalizing existing resources. The objective of this analysis is to provide an updated review of the knowledge andvariability of the basic elements of administration applied to the community forestry sector in Mexico, through the compilation ofinformation described by national and foreign researchers. To comply with the aforementioned, the administrative actions involvedin the organization, management, transformation and commercialization of forest products were identified, in order to know theeffect that the administration has managed to generate in the community forest productive chains. It was found that the elements ofadministration allow the involved actors to strategically select the actions they wish to undertake, to make decisions that enable thecommunity forestry company to achieve the established goals. The implementation and development of administrative techniqueswill encourage forest communities in the sustainable management of human, economic and natural resources.
Estudio preliminar de identificación a nivel molecular, de ecotipos de chile piquín
Authors:   Departamento de Producción Agrícola. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara., Torres-Morán Martha Isabel , Rodríguez-Guzmán Eduardo , Velasco-Ramírez Ana Paulina , Escoto-Delgadillo Martha , Riojas-López Mónica Elizabeth , Durán-Puga Noé , Lépiz Ildefonso Rogelio
Published: July 2022

The piquín chili is a plant genetic resource with great potential for culinary nutrition and vitamin supply for consumer countriessuch as Mexico. Its study at the molecular level represents a possibility of differentiating the existing ecotypes in each region whereit is produced or where it is consumed. Due to the great morphological variability that it presents, the molecular characterization ofchili as a plant genetic resource represents obtaining the characteristics from the genetic point of view. This is necessary for theidentification of promising genotypes for genetic improvement in addition to documentation of the gene pool. In the present work, apreliminary study was carried out to identify piquín chili ecotypes from nine states of the republic, using the molecular markerISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). The results obtained provide information on the ability of molecular markers to detectdifferences in ecotypes, which correspond to the different collection regions.
Putative and pretreatment drug resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase gene among untreated chronic hepatitis B patients at Arifin Achmad Regional District Hospital, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Arfianti Arfianti , Djojosugito Fauzia Andrini , Maisaroh Maisaroh , Asputra Hendra , Sari Dita Kartika , Wahid Tubagus Odih Rhomdani
Published: July 2022

Background: Mutations within the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) gene have been associated with drug resistance against nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs).

Objective: This study aimed to identify mutations in the RT gene among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) before receiving antiviral therapy and its relationship with the HBV genotypes.

Methods: A total of 26 HBV DNA was extracted from the blood plasma of CHB patients. HBV RT gene was amplified and sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy sequencing method. The HBV genotype was determined through phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method.

Results: The study subjects comprised 14 CHB patients without complications and 12 CHB patients with cirrhosis/hepatoma. CHB patients with cirrhosis/hepatoma were older than those without complications. The HBV genotypes comprised 15 (57.7%) genotype C and 11 (42.3%) genotype B. All treatment-naïve CHB patients did not demonstrate any classical NA resistance mutations within the RT gene. However, several putative and pretreatment resistance mutations, including F221Y, N238H, and V224I, were high frequency in more than 40% of study subjects. In addition, F221Y and N238H/Q mutations were frequently observed in genotype B, while V224 I was only found in patients infected with genotype C (p=0.000).

Conclusions: There was no evidence of classical RT gene mutations associated with NA resistance in treatment-naïve patients with CHB. However, several putative and pretreatment mutations were identified as genotype-specific mutations and may contribute to antiviral resistance against NAs.
NOTE ON THE HISTORY OF (SQUARE) MATRIX AND DETERMINANT
Authors: Babarinsa Olayiwola , Sofi Azfi Zaidi Mohammad , Mohd Asrul Hery , Eluwole Akinola , Sunday Imoni , Adamu Wakili , Onojhojobi Benson , Sheidu Momoh , Kehinde Rotimi , Daniel Lanlege , Dolapo Shobanke , Edogbanya Helen Olaronke , Oyem Anselm , Adeniyi Isaac , Ezenweke Chinenye , Umaru Sani , Emmanuel Sabastine , Bitrus Kefas , Cyril-Okeme, Veronica , Upahi Eunice , Akaligwo Emmanuel Akaligwo , Arinze Luke , Barguma Simon , Edibo Friday , Atteh Mayowa , Idoko Alloy , Opeyemi Enoch , Adesanmi Mogbademu , Ojo Olaitan , Disu Akeem , Adeeko Tajudeen , Anukwu Geraldine , Samson Damilola , Ogunleye Kunle , Koffa Jude , James Ojonubah , Musa Marut , Choji Niri Martha , Emeka Helen Oluyemisi , Umar Adamu , Hassan Mansur , Jaiyeoba Oluwaseyi , Aidara Shamsoudine , Mamman Mamuda , Manga Edna , Sule Amiru , Uyimwen Osagie , Ahmed Abdullah-al-Musa , Garba Zaku , Gbene Zaato , Jubri Sanusi , Okeke Godwin
Published: July 2022

This paper reviews the theory of matrices and determinants. Matrix and determinant are nowadays considered inseparable to some extent, but the determinant was discovered over two centuries before the term matrix was coined. Our review associate determinant with the matrix as part of linear systems but not with polynomials. Thus, the paper first gives the background on matrix with vast applications in all fields of study and then reviews the history of determinants which is based on its major contributors in chronological order from the sixteenth century to the twenty-first century
UNSTEADY MHD FLOW OF NON -NEWTONIAN FLUID WITH MASS TRANSFER IN A HORIZONTAL CHANNEL
Authors: Magaji Abubakar Saddiq
Published: July 2022

This study analyzes the unsteady MHD flow of non-Newtonian fluid in horizontal channel. The upper plate is oscillating and moving while the bottom plate is stationary. Solutions for momentum, energy and concentration equation are obtained by the He-Laplace scheme. The effect of various flow parameters controlling the physical situation is discussed with the aid of graphs. Significant results from this study, shows that velocity and concentric fields decrease with the increase in chemical reaction parameter
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF NIGERIA ROAD SAFETY STRATEGY ON ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES IN THE SIX GEO-POLITICAL ZONES USING 3k FACTORIAL DESIGN
Authors: EFUWAPE BIODUN, .T. , ADEBAYO AZEEZAT .A. .O. , ABDULLAH KHADIJHA-KUBURAT ADEBISI , EFUWAPE TEMITOPE .O.
Published: July 2022

Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) has become a major challenge and threat to human health and safety. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Nigeria Road Safety Strategy (NRSS) on RTCs in the six geo-political zones of the country. The dataset used was obtained from the annual records of Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) over a five year period (2016 – 2020).The dataset was subjected to Bartlett’s test of Homogeneity assumption which was not violated. Duncan Multiple Range Test was carried out to evaluate the differences in the groups. Three levels of road traffic crashes (no of cases, total casualties, and number of people involved) in the two regions of the Northern (North-Central, North-East and North-West) and Southern (South-West, South - South and South - East) Nigeria with six geo-political zones were modeled by linear regression analysis, and further subjected to 32 Factorial Designs with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), using R-statistical package. Results of the study shows that total cases and the corresponding number of people involved in RTCs in the two regions are significant. 97% and 96% of the total variations in RTCs were explained by the variations in geo-political zones in both regions respectively. This affirms the fact that the models for the two regions were different with the rate of RTCs higher in the northern region than in the southern region
ON THE APPLICATION OF MULTISET TO DETERMINISTIC COOPERATIVE SPECIALIZATION P SYSTEM UNDER CATALYSIS
Authors: Peter Chinedu , Singh D. , Atawodi S. E.
Published: July 2022

Quasi-general models of membrane computing have been designed by means of rules which represent the processes taking place in a biological cell without explicitly specifying the specialties of the rules, viz: their mixture, chemical or physical characteristics as is obtainable in a biological cell. In this paper, an attempt to model a variant of membrane computing called specialization P system is made. It is capable of simulating biological activities at cellular level, and as the name implies, in a specialized manner. It is shown that with only one membrane and three rules, a deterministic cooperative specialization P system under catalysis is able to characterize the family of recursively enumerable languages.
EVALUATION OF AQUIFER PROTECTIVE CAPACITY USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD IN LAMBATA, KWALI AREA COUNCIL, ABUJA
Authors: Agada Livinus Emeka , Yakubu M. S.
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated the aquifer protective capacity of Lambata in Kwali area council of Abuja, using electrical resistivity method. The obtained data were interpreted manually by partial curve matching and the obtained results were iterated using WINREIST software. The first layer is the topsoil whose resistivity range from 127.7 to 562.4 Ωm and its thickness range from 0.7 to 1.6 m. The second layer is laterite and its resistivity range from 302.3 to 937.6 Ωm, the thickness of the second layer range from 3.7 to 13.3 m. The third layer is a clay formation whose resistivity range from 46.7 to 88.8 Ωm and its thickness range from 6.6 to 27.9 m. The fourth layer is a weather/ fractured basement, this layer is the aquifer and it is confined by the overlying clay formation. Its resistivity range from 59.0 to 870.2 Ωm, while its thickness range from 6.0 to 28.5 m.  The fifth layer is the fresh basement whose resistivity range from 1038.5 to 4992.5 Ωm. The total longitudinal conductance values of the overburden in the study area range from 0.00143 to 0.410334 mΩ-1. The average aquifer thickness in the study area is 16.60 m. The aquifer protective capacity is about 93.3% moderate and 6.7% weak. The aquifer protective capacity of the study area is fairly good but not sufficient to protect the groundwater in the area from pollution. We therefore strongly suggest that there should be proper environmental and waste monitoring management in the study area to safeguard the groundwater
ASSESSMENT OF TUYIL PARACETAMOL PRODUCTION PROCESS: A STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Kajuru J. Y. , Kamaldeen I. O. , Shelleng A. U. , Abdulkarim K.
Published: July 2022

This research deals with the application of statistical quality control techniques on process control of paracetamol production of Tuyil Pharmaceutical Company with the aim of estimating the control limits and investigate whether the production process is under statistical control. The data used in this research was collected on two measurable quality characteristics of content and weight of paracetamol from 2015-2018. The Mean, Range and EWMA-chart together with process capability analysis were employed for measuring the production process. The result obtained from the analysis on the content of paracetamol, it was observed that for X-bar and R-Chart one point from the observations is out of the control limits while for the EWMA chart all the observations are within control and capable of improving the production process. The analysis also reveals that on the weight of paracetamol, the Mean, Range and EWMA-chart together with process capability analysis are within control and capable of improving the process of production. it was concluded that for the weight of paracetamol is statistically stable and under control while that of the content is partially stable as one point from the observations fall outside the control limits and this could be due to a small shift in the production process which is caused by chance causes of variation such as temperature, room vibration and so on. It is recommended that the company needs to take proper caution so as to improve their production process in order to meet up with consumer’s requirement.
Methodology enhancement for determining parameters of room systems when mining uranium ore in the SE “SkhidGZK” underground mines, Ukraine
Authors: Stupnik Mykola , Kalinichenko Vsevolod , Fedko Mykhaylo , Pysmennyi Serhii , Kalinichenko Olena , Pochtarev Alexey
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The present paper aims to enhance methodology for determining the safety and stability parameters of room mining systems with backfilling of the mined-out area when mining uranium ores in underground mines of the State Enterprise “Skhidnyi Mining and Beneficiation Plant” (SE “SkhidGZK”). Methods. The analytical research method used in the presented paper includes the analysis of previous relevant instructions and reports on the research performed at the SE “SkhidGZK”, as well as publications on the subject, operational geological survey documentation containing monitoring data on the stress-strain state of the rock mass surrounding the formed cavities and the actual state of the mined-out blocks in all underground mines of SE “SkhidGZK”. Findings. The research performed enables development of a new instruction for determining the safety and stability parameters of the room systems with backfilling when mining uranium ores in the SE “SkhidGZK” underground mines. Based on the developed new instruction, the stability of outcrops in mined-out rooms has been calculated, considering the actual time of their life. The obtained parameters fully correspond to actual stability of rooms in blocks of all underground mines. This indicates that the new instruction is more advanced as compared to the current Instruction and its implementation will contribute to mine safety enhancement. Originality. The increased depth of mining uranium ore in the SE “SkhidGZK” underground mines and the increase in lifetime of mined-out rooms require regular adjustment of the methodology for determining their safety and stability parameters. Based on the accumulated production experience, the observations conducted and a thorough analysis of the actual state of cavities, new and adjusted current dependences have been obtained that more accurately consider the impact of both determined factors and those unprovisioned in the current Instruction for determining the safety and stability parameters of rooms. Practical implications. The advanced methodology for determining the safety and stability parameters of room systems in comparison with the methodology described in the current Instruction at the “SkhidGZK” underground mines provides higher accuracy when determining the design parameters of rooms in the stoping blocks and greater reliability of predictive stability of both individual outcrops and rooms in general.
Leaching process intensification of gold-bearing raw materials
Authors: Begalinov Abdrakhman , Shautenov Mels , Almenov Talgat , Bektur Bakytbek
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Research on the process intensification of gold-bearing product hydrometallurgical processing based on mechanochemical milling of the initial sulphide material. Methods. Mechanochemical activating (oxidation) of sulphide gold-bearing concentrate under conditions of superfine milling, sulphite-thiosulphate leaching of the milled product after liquid phase separation. The float concentrate sample with a particle size of -0.074 mm, the Au content is 15.5 g/t is tested. When loading into the mill of an initial concentrate sample weighing 300 g, 600 ml of a calcium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 143 g/l are added. The weight of balls loaded into the mill in relation to the concentrate weight is 10:1. The remainder of the solid product after milling is subjected to lea-ching with a sulphite-thiosulphate reagent. Findings. A sharp increase in the milled product of 10 µm fractions (from 14.05 to 34.63%) has been determined, and the mass fraction of gold in the final milling product decreases from 15.5 to 13.0 g/t. This corresponds to the recovery of gold into solution at this stage at the level of 16%. It has been found that with an additional supply of 1 g/l of copper sulphate for copper in the process of milling, it is possible to reduce the gold content in the milled product to 8.3 g/t. Thus, the recovery of gold into solution at the stage of milling increases from 16 to 48%. During the milling process, partial leaching of gold by reagents formed from its own sulphur has been revealed. It has been found that the transition of gold into solution is caused by the formation of a water-soluble hydrosulphide complex of gold during milling (AuS). As a result of leaching with the reagent, an additional 27% of gold has been recovered. Originality. Phase transformations of the sulphide gold-bearing beneficiary product as a result of mechanochemical activation have been determined. For the first time this process has been implemented to intensify the leaching process of gold-bearing mineral raw materials. Practical implications. The research results can be used in technological processes for the processing of refractory gold-bearing ores and technogenic raw materials.