bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting bupropion anti-inflammatory action: involvement of the TLR2/TLR4 and JAK2/STAT3
Authors: Karimollah Alireza , Hemmatpur Anahid , Vahid Taha
Published: January 2024

There are accumulating reports regarding poor response to the common
antidepressant therapy. Antidepressant resistance has often been
associated with activation of the inflammatory system. Accordingly,
major depressive disorder (MDD) patients displaying inflammation prior
to the treatment are less responsive to antidepressants. We hypothesized
that the inefficacy of antidepressant therapy in some patients could be
due to the drugs’ inflammatory mode of action that remained overshadowed
by their substantial therapeutic value. Bupropion is a common-used
antidepressant that is prescribed for seasonal affective disorders and
smoking cessation as well. Nevertheless, there are some reports
regarding inflammation induction and depressive behavior exacerbation in
response to bupropion. Here, we put a spot on bupropion and investigate
the alterations of innate and adaptive immunity cytokines and the
influence on immune signaling pathways. Therefore, we treated
LPS-stimulated human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with different
doses of bupropion. Pro-/ anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-ɑ, IL-1ß,
IL-17, and IL-10) on both transcriptional and translational levels are
assessed as well as the involvement of the JAK2 /STAT3, TLR2, and TLR4
signaling in this process. Bupropion decreased IL-17A, TNF-ɑ, and IL-1ß
protein levels in the cultures. Nonetheless, the results regarding the
target genes expression were controversial. Surprisingly, IL-1ß, TNF-ɑ,
and IL-17A genes expression increased following bupropion treatment.
TLR2, TLR4, JAK2, and STAT3 gene expression also rose in response to
bupropion. Our findings suggest that bupropion possesses
pro-inflammatory properties especially at concentrations of 50 and 100
and would rather be co-administrated with anti-inflammatory agents at
least in patients with inflammatory conditions.
Rapid blood cell recovery with immunosuppressive therapy combined with romiplostim in a patient with very severe hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia who underwent liver transplantation
Authors: Yoshinari Hiroki , Kawahara Yuta , Niijima Hitomi , Oh Yukiko , Hirata Yuta , Okada Noriki , Sanada Yukihiro , Onishi Yasuharu , Sakuma Yasunaru , Morimoto Akira
Published: January 2024

Patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAA) who undergo
living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have a poor prognosis with
infectious and bleeding complications. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST)
combined with thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists is considered
effective for aplastic anemia. There are no data on the benefits of
adding TPO receptor agonists to IST for HAA. We present the case of a
child with severe HAA who underwent LDLT, and who achieved rapid blood
cell recovery with IST combined with romiplostim, a TPO receptor
agonist. This case suggests that IST combined with TPO receptor agonists
may be beneficial for HAA patients undergoing LDLT.
Risk stratification of high-risk accessory pathways in a patient with preexcitation syndrome by transesophageal electrophysiological study
Authors: Qin Chao , He Tao , Li Shuo , Ruan Hong
Published: January 2024

The patient is a 19-year-old man who often wakes up in dreams with
palpitations and fatigue. The electrocardiogram shows: 1. Sinus rhythm;
2. Preexcitation syndrome. Transesophageal electrophysiological
examination (TEEPS) showed that: 1. When the S1S1 stimulation frequency
is set at 260bpm, the atrioventricular conduction still shows a
descending ratio of 1:1; 2. When S1S2 was set to 500-220ms, the
atrioventricular node entered the refractory period earlier than the
accessory pathway, atrial stimulation was transmitted to the ventricle
through the accessory pathway, and the QRS waveform showed a complete
preexcitation pattern. TEEPS diagnosis:High-risk preexcitation syndrome
bypass. During radiofrequency catheter ablation, the patient suddenly
developed atrial fibrillation and quickly converted to ventricular
fibrillation. After defibrillation, ventricular fibrillation is
transformed into sinus rhythm. Subsequently, the patient’s high-risk
accessory pathway was successfully ablated. Postoperative
electrocardiogram: 1. Sinus rhythm; 2.ST segment elevation (early
repolarization). Studies have shown that about 25% of patients with WPW
syndrome have a refractory period of less than 250 ms, which is one of
the risk factors for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to
ventricular fibrillation. Therefore, risk stratification is recommended
for these symptomatic patients. TEEPS and intracardiac electrophysiology
play a similar role in risk stratification of preexcitation syndrome,
but the former is easier to implement, lower cost and lower risk. The
diagnosis of TEEPS is a high-risk bypass for preexcitation syndrome,
which provides a strong basis for follow-up diagnosis and treatment.
TEEPS is a simple, safe and reliable non-invasive cardiac
electrophysiological detection technique.
Emergence of polyfunctional follicular CXCR5+CD8+ T cells in infectious mononucleosis patients with EBV infection
Authors: Qiu Liannv , Lei chenshuang , Jiang qian , Yu qinhua , Zhao zhao , Chen guoqin , Wang mingxia , Zhang yueyue
Published: January 2024

Background. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection elicit polyfunctional
CD8+ T cell response. Follicular CD8+ T cells with high C-X-C chemokine
receptor type 5 (CXCR5) expression have antiviral effects in chronic
viral infection. However, the role of follicular CXCR5+CD8+ T cells
during primary EBV infection remains unclear. Methods. Using multicolor
flow cytometry, we investigated the dynamic changes of circulating
follicular CXCR5+CD8+ T cells in EBV-infected infectious mononucleosis
(IM) patients. Evaluation of CXCR5+CD8+ response to EBV peptides was
performed. EBV DNA viral loads in PBMC were also determined. Results.
Circulating follicular CXCR5+CD8+ T cells emerged gradually but EBV DNA
viral loads steadily decreased over time after EBV infection.
Importantly, the upregulation of CXCR5+CD8+ T cells was correlated with
EBV DNA reduction. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) on CXCR5+CD8+ T cells
emerged over time. Furthermore, CXCR5+CD8+ T cells were demonstrated to
be polyfunctionality (IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion) with enhanced
cytotoxicity to EBV peptides. Conclusions. Polyfunctional CXCR5+CD8+ T
cells emerge during persistent EBV infection.
Egyptian Female Genital “norm” and Female genital self-image
Authors: Mohammed Ghada , Hassan Haydy , Hassan Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is an old
Egyptian norm. Its effect on genital self-image is not fully explored.
Aim: To detect if FGM/C is still a “norm”, and to evaluate its impact
on genital self-image. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involved 1952
women. Data recruited from personal interviews and examinations to
determine the type of FGM/C. Results: There was a statistically
non-significant difference in female genital self-image scores between
type I, II FGM/C and non-FGM/C (P > 0.05). Conclusions:
FGM/C is still a “norm” in the present. Key words: AVFGSI scale,
AVFSFI score, Female genital mutilation/cutting, Female genital
self-image, norm, Self-image.
Development of Python-based software for simulating continuous binary distillation system using McCabe-Thiele approach
Authors: Jaiswal Akash , Raghav Vashu , Chowdhury Pradip
Published: January 2024

This paper shows a python based GUI simulation software, named DSoft,
which underlies the analytical approach to the McCabe-Thiele graphical
method to simulate the equilibrium stage model for a continuous feed
binary distillation column. The software, DSoft, calculates theoretical
stages, actual stages at all ranges of Murphree tray efficiency, feed
tray location, and boil-up ratio for any given input of feed quality,
product compositions, and reflux ratio. Along with the analytical
solution, it plots the McCabe-Thiele diagram, Composition Profile, and
Feed Tray Optimisation curve. Moreover, two case studies are carried out
and the results are verified with existing commercial software. As a
result of the case study simulation, further research studies,
observations & inferences are carried out. DSoft is a simple,
compatible, platform-independent, standalone software that can be used
for educational, research & development, industrial purposes, etc.,
demonstrating both analytical & graphical approach with a detailed
solution to the user.
Efficient chiral separation of R- and S-valsartan via diastereomeric crystallization using natural dehydroabietylamine
Authors: Yang Kedi , Ge Li , Zhu Yi , Wang Yidan , Chen Chen , Chen Lin
Published: January 2024

This work dealt with the chiral separation of the R- and S-valsartan
mixture, where R- is an undesired coproduct formed in the production of
S-valsartan. 1H NMR and molecular simulation calculation indicated the
dehydroabietylamine (DHAA) has well chiral recognition ability to
valsartan enantiomers. DHAA successfully employs the resolution of R-
and S-valsartan via diastereomeric crystallization. The main parameters
affecting the enantio-separation process, such as solvent, the molar
ratio DHAA/valsartan, liquid-solid ratio of solvent/valsartan, reaction
and crystallization temperature, were investigated and optimized by
employing a Box-Behnken design and the response surface methodology
(RSM). At the optimal resolution conditions, the chiral separation gave
purity of 99.1% and yield of 87.2% for the S-valsartan. These results
provide an industrially viable and efficient separation of valsartan
enantiomers. Consequently, the established separation method can use to
recycle the S-valsartan from the R-/S-valsartan mixture and promote
sustainable development for the manufacturing of S-valsartan.
Modified LAPAROSCOPIC trans-abdominal cerclage for cervical incompetence
Authors: Wei Heng , Wang Ning
Published: January 2024

To demonstrate modified surgical technique of the laparoscopic cerclage
(LAC) in non-pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of cervical
incompetence. Patient was discharged in the first day postoperatively
and became pregnant 3 months after surgery, with a final C-section
delivery of a healthy term newborn at 38 weeks of gestational age.
Evidence of spatial genetic structure in a snow leopard population from Gansu, China
Authors: Atzeni Luciano , Cushman Samuel , Wang Jun , Riordan Philip , Shi Kun , Bauman David
Published: January 2024

Understanding how genetic diversity is spatially structured is a
priority to gain insights into populations’ genetic status and to assess
their abilities to counteract the effects of genetic drift. Such
knowledge is particularly scarce for the snow leopard, the wide-ranging
felid of Central Asia mountains. Focusing on a snow leopard population
from Gansu Province, China, we investigated the presence and strength of
spatial genetic patterns in the Qilian mountains, adopting
spatially-explicit indices of diversity and multivariate analysis
methods. We compared the information contained in two datasets,
differing in the number of loci and individuals, through different
inertia levels of Principal Component Analysis. Overall, genetic
patterns were significantly spatially structured, characterized by a
broad geographical division coupled with a fine scale cline of
differentiation. Admixed patterns were seen in two adjoining core areas,
which were characterized by higher effective population size and higher
allelic diversity, compared to peripheral localities. The power to
detect significant spatial relationships depended primarily on the
number of loci, and secondly on the number of PCA axes used to describe
such patterns. Spatial results and indices of diversity highlighted the
cryptic structure of snow leopard genetic diversity, driven by its
ability to disperse over large distances, thus limiting the isolation
effects of both geographic distance and landscape resistance. This study
provides insights into the complexity of spatial genetic patterns for a
wide-ranging carnivore, providing an extensive baseline on
microsatellite polymorphisms which will ultimately guide the
implementation of further genetic surveys intended to complement this
assessment.
Hidden Markov Model Based Prediction of seller agent's selling Intention on E-Market
Authors: Mazumdar Bireshwar , Yadav Deepak , Srivastava Ashutosh , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Yadav Kuldeep
Published: January 2024

It is possible to differentiate the behaviour between intentional and
unintentional of sellers through surfing the e-market. Thus, based on
above views sellers can be divided into two groups i.e. with the
intention of selling and the other without the intention of selling.In
this work we proposed model for probabilistic model used upon HMM has
the ability to predict the intention of seller behaviour in E-market.
E-market broker site can adopt this method for implement customize
selling environment on the basis of cognitive and social features of
sellers. If buyer detects that seller has intention of selling in
advance through the E-commerce web site which can offer him some
considerate attributes such as Brand name, offers, price and relative
sales information with a preferential price to retain the buyer and
hence buyer has an electronic market which contain various types of
seller with buyer preferenciable attributes in various dimensional
values. Actually the intention of seller agent is hidden state and it is
based upon the commitment given by seller. Through this hidden state
buyer agent can observe the trust of seller agent. Through this work
buyer agent have two different category of seller agents sets, one whose
intention is favourable and second whose intention is unfavourable for
selling the items in e-market. Using learning algorithm buyer agent can
get optimize result.
Effects of climate variability and soil environment on plant diversity drive ecosystem stability in intact natural forests
Authors: Wu Anchi , Zhou Guoyi , Hautier Yann , He Honglin , Tang Xuli , Liu Juxiu , Zhang Qianmei , Wang Silong , Wang Anzhi , Lin Luxiang , Zhang Yi-Ping , Xie Zong-Qiang , Chang Ruiying
Published: January 2024

A substantial body of evidence sustains that biodiversity enhances
ecological stability in changing environments, but the underlying
mechanisms in intact natural forest ecosystems remain unresolved. Using
data from seven permanent plots, we test the influence and driving
factors of plant diversity on stability and variability of diameter at
breast height (DBH). We show that species richness under different soils
and climate variability indirectly increases stability by species
asynchrony rather than a direct influence. Beta diversity (plant species
composition dissimilarities over time) has a strong positive effect on
stability and soils indirectly increase stability by beta diversity.
Soils and climate variability cause a larger effect on variation in
standard deviation of DBH by species richness, beta diversity and
species asynchrony relative to mean DBH. The study provides a new
insight into how plant species diversity affects the process of
ecosystem stability under various soil conditions and climatic
variability.
Editing flagellin derivatives for exploration of potent radioprotective agents
Authors: Shi Tong , Jiang Jun , Gao Meng , Ma Ronglin , Chen Xuejun , Zhang Ruihua , Xu Jianfu , Wang Weili , Xu Shujuan , Liu Xi , Zheng Huizhen , Wang Chen , Li Liqin , Li Ruibin
Published: January 2024

Exploration of medical radiation countermeasures (MRCs) has great
implications in protection of mammals from radiation damages. While
flagellin has been recently reported to show radioprotective effects,
the relationships between flagellin structure and radioprotective
activity are rarely explored. Herein, we deliberately edited the amino
acid sequence of flagellin in its binding domain with toll-like receptor
5 (TLR5) for exploration of potent flagellin derivatives (Fds). An in
vitro screening paradigm was developed to examine the radioprotective
effects of six engineered Fds. Notably, mutation of 103 threonine on
flagellin into asparagine resulted in a potent MRC candidate (Fd-T103N)
displaying 1.28-fold increment of interactions with TLR5. Fd-T103N was
able to further activate NF-κB pathway, induce immune protective
cytokine (e.g. G-CSF) release, and significantly ameliorate
γ-irradiation induced cell death. The protection effects of Fd-T103N
were further validated in mice exposed to 10 Gray γ-irradiations.
Compared to parent flagellin, Fd-T103N treatment showed higher G-CSF
release in mouse blood, lower intestine damages, and 13% increments of
mouse survival rates. In short, the established predictive paradigm
could greatly reduce the labor-, time- and animal-costs in exploration
of MRC candidates. Fd-T103N is a promising candidate of investigational
new drug for radioprotection.
Changes in Renal Function in Patients with Recurrence of Atrial Arrhythmia after an Initial Catheter Ablation
Authors: Shen Youmei , CHEN Hongwu , Yang Gang , Ju Weizhu , Zhang Fengxiang , Gu Kai , Li Mingfang , Chen Minglong
Published: January 2024

Background: Impaired renal function and atrial fibrillation (AF) can
form a vicious cycle. Although there have been reports on improved renal
function in patients who undergo successful AF ablation, renal function
in patients with recurrence of AF has not been studied separately. We
explored the changes in renal function in AF patients with mild renal
dysfunction after an index failed catheter ablation and the influencing
factors. Methods: We retrospectively recruited non-valvular AF (NVAF)
patients with mildly impaired renal function admitted for catheter
ablation and readmitted due to recurrence of AF. The estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated before the index
procedure and during readmission. △eGFR was defined as the difference
between eGFR readmission and eGFR baseline. The same calculation applied
for △CHA2DS2-VASc score. The primary endpoint was improved renal
function (△eGFR > 0) after AF catheter ablation in patients
with atrial arrhythmia recurrence. Results: A total of 132 NVAF patients
were included in this study. The mean eGFR at readmission was
significantly increased compared with the eGFR at baseline before the
index ablation procedure (P < 0.01). The multivariable Cox
regression analysis showed that a lower △CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR: 0.416,
P = 0.003) and paroxysmal recurrent atrial arrhythmia (HR: 2.965, P =
0.001) were associated with better renal function. Conclusion: In NVAF
patients with mildly impaired renal function, even those with recurrence
after the initial catheter ablation, we observed improvements in renal
function, which was associated with a lower △CHA2DS2-VASc score and
paroxysmal recurrent arrhythmia.
Cochlear Implant evolving indications: our outcomes in adult patients.
Authors: Achena Andrea , Sechi Serena , Pili Andrea , Locci Maria , Turnu Giuseppe , Achena Francesco
Published: January 2024

Objective: The eligibility criteria for cochlear implant (CI) are
constantly changing. The aim of the current study was to show our
department’s cochlear implant indications and to evaluate the
longitudinal performance outcomes for patients with different types and
degrees of sensorineural hearing loss, treated with CI. Methods: Between
2007–2019, 73 cochlear implantations were performed. Current CI
indications allow us to categorize patients based on the type and degree
of hearing loss. These can be grouped as follows: 1) Bilateral symmetric
sensorineural hearing loss (SHL); 2) Bilateral profound hearing loss for
high frequencies while maintaining low frequencies (EAS); 3) Asymmetric
hearing loss (AHL); 4) Single-sided deafness (SSD) with intensive
tinnitus in the deaf ear. For each group we evaluated the pre and
post-operative pure tone audiometry and speech perception test in
silence and with background noise. The patients also completed the
speech, spatial and qualities of Hearing questionnaire (SSQ). Results:
The four subgroups achieved significant benefits after CI, both in terms
of speech performance and SSQ. Conclusions: According to literature, our
data confirm that CI is an effective treatment for patients with
different types of hearing loss. Key Points: 1) The eligibility criteria
for cochlear implantation have regularly changed following the
continuous progress in technology. 2) Schematically we divided our
patients in 4 subgroups: 1) SHL; 2) EAS; 3) AHL; 4) SSD with intensive
tinnitus in the deaf ear. 3) The criteria for AHL and SSD are in line
with definitions suggested by Vincent et al. 4) Asymmetric hearing loss
(AHL) and single-sided deafness (SSD) were traditionally treated with a
contralateral routing of a signal hearing aid (CROS-HA) or a bone
conduction device (BCD), even though CI is the only device capable of
restoring bilateral stimulation to the auditory system and decreasing
severity and incidence of tinnitus. 5) By treating patients with AHL or
SSD and associated tinnitus, we saw that CI could not only improve
hearing, but also drastically reduce tinnitus in most of the patients.
Experimental exposure to noise alters gut microbiota in a songbird.
Authors: Berlow Mae , Wada Haruka , Derryberry Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Noise pollution is an unprecedented evolutionary pressure on wild
animals that can lead to alteration of stress hormone levels and changes
in foraging behavior. Both corticosterone and feeding behavior can have
direct effects on gut bacteria, as well as indirect effects through
changes in gut physiology. Therefore, we hypothesized that exposure to
noise will alter gut microbial communities via indirect effects on
stress hormones and foraging behaviors. We exposed captive white-crowned
sparrows to city-like noise and measured each individuals’
corticosterone level, food intake and gut microbial diversity at the end
of four treatments (acclimation, noise, recovery, and control) using a
balanced repeated measures design. We found evidence to support our
prediction for a causal, positive relationship between noise exposure
and gut microbiota. We also found evidence that noise acts to increase
corticosterone and decrease food intake. However, noise appeared to act
directly on the gut microbiome or, more likely, through an unmeasured
variable, rather than through indirect effects via corticosterone and
food intake. Our results help to explain previous findings that urban,
free-living white-crowned sparrows have higher bacterial richness than
rural sparrows. Our findings also add to a growing body of research
indicating noise exposure affects stress hormone levels and foraging
behaviors. Altogether, our study indicates that noise affects plasma
corticosterone, feeding behavior, and the gut microbiome in a songbird
and raises new questions as to the mechanism linking noise exposure to
gut microbial diversity.
Ultrasonography for carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy: A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayhan Sule Goncu , Ayhan Egemen , Caglar Ali , Uygur Dilek
Published: January 2024

Objective: To analyze the ultrasonography (USG) values of median nerve
cross sectional area (MN-CSA) in pregnant women with and without
clinically diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Design: Prospective
cross-sectional study. Setting: Third trimester pregnant women during
their routine office visits. Methods: USG was performed by a
perinatologist and the MN-CSA at the carpal tunnel inlet was measured.
Then, the participants were asked about the presence of typical CTS
symptoms. Participants with typical clinical symptoms were assigned to
the CTS group. Remaining participants were assigned to the Control
group. Main outcome measures: The groups were compared according to
MN-CSA. Results: Of the 89 pregnant women, 25 participants were grouped
in CTS group and the remaining 64 participants were grouped in Control
group. The MN-CSA was higher in the CTS group (9.44 ± 2.68) than in the
Control group (7.20 ± 1.99), p = 0.00004. There was a statistically
significant linear trend, p = 0.003, with higher MN-CSA associated with
a higher proportion of patients diagnosed as CTS. Conclusions: USG
measurement of MN-CSA at the wrist appears as a convenient method to
confirm CTS diagnosis in pregnant women. Further research is necessary
to determine a clear cut-off value for MN-CSA. Obstetricians can measure
MN-CSA to confirm CTS diagnosis and consequently can offer conservative
management, which is the widely accepted treatment modality in this
cohort.
Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals
Authors: DURMAZ ELİF DİLARA , arca muhammed , Dönmezdil Süleyman
Published: January 2024

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, and
sleep problems in healthcare professionals during the pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was
conducted with Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital
employees. A total of 170 people were reached for the research. The data
collected by the on-line survey method consisted of demographic
questions, questions about behavior change due to COVID-19, Generalized
Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9),
and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results: It was found that 72.9% of
the healthcare professionals had anxiety, 83.5% had depression, and
87.1% had sleep problems. The total score of the GAD-7 scale was found
to be significantly higher in those who used personal protective
equipment (p=0.021) and those who received infection training
(p<0.001). The PHQ-9 scale total score was higher in those 35
years of age and older (p=0.019) and college graduates (p=0.023). The
total score of the insomnia severity scale (ISI) was significantly
higher in those 35 years of age and older (p=0.040), in college
graduates (p=0.049), and single/divorced (p=0.009). A significant
difference was found between gender, occupation, smoking, fear of
infection, burnout status, and total scores of all three scales
(p<0.05). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals were found to
have high levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. Anxiety,
depression, and insomnia problems were higher in women, health
technicians, smokers, those with fear of infection, and those with
burnout.
Schrödinger Equation from Gravity
Authors: Roy Shibdas
Published: January 2024

We propose that Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics is a
consequence of gravity. We derive the quantum Schrödinger equation for a
gravitational wave from classical gravity, and accordingly present a
classical Schrödinger equation in spacetime for the gravitational wave.
We notice that the quantumness of Schrödinger equation arises from
non-zero finite gravity of the classical Schrödinger equation in
spacetime, by treating time separately from space at small enough scales
compared to the actual masses. In other words, (mass-) energy curves
spacetime, and the curvature of spacetime, in turn, gives rise to the
quantum nature of the energy. We also observe that the wavefunction in
Schrödinger equation corresponds to the state of the energy of a flat
closed spacetime system and has non-zero fluctuations even when the
masses are zero. These quantum vacuum fluctuations of a flat spacetime
evidently arise only from the temporal profile of the wavefunction.
Besides, our result naturally explains why the square of the magnitude
of the wavefunction represents the probability of finding a given body
at a spatial location upon position measurement.
Illumination on the structure and characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica genome.
Authors: Al-Ardi Musafer
Published: January 2024

Entamoeba histolytica, like other Organismes, is characterized by
diversity and heterogeneity in its genetic content, which is one of the
most important reasons for survival, and the increase in susceptibility
to infection.Non-condensation of chromosomes during the process of cell
division and the ambiguity of the chromosomal ploidy makes predicting
the exact chromosomal number difficult. Genes distributed across 14
chromosomes as well as many extra-chromosome elements. Most Genes
composed of one axon only, with Introns in 25% of Genes. This genome is
characterized by the presence of Polymorphic internal repeat regions,
and several gene families, one of these large families encoding
Transmembrane kinas, Cysteine protease (CP), SREHP protein, and others.
Is polymorphism of the STK11 gene a predictor of response to metformin in polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Authors: Hamadneh Jehan , Al-bayyari Nahla , Hamadneh Shereen , Amarin Zouhair , Alchalabi Haifaa
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To evaluate possible associations between the genetic
polymorphism of the STK 11 gene and response to metformin in women with
polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal
cohort study of 57 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Baseline
documentation of anthropometric measurements, menstrual history,
hirsutism, hair loss, acne, and biochemical parameters, in addition to
gene testing for STK11 polymorphism, were performed. Follow-up was
arranged at 6 cycles following oral metformin therapy, 850 mg, twice
daily. Results: Post-metformin therapy, there were statistically
significant improvements in menstrual frequency, blood loss, acne,
ultrasound findings, and a decrease in BMI, acne and hirsutism, but not
in alopecia. Fasting insulin decreased significantly, but fasting blood
sugar did not. Regarding Intron1 polymorphism, there was a significant
response in the CC subgroup in menstrual regularity and blood loss. The
CG subgroup showed a significant response in menstrual regularity and
ultrasound findings. The GG subgroup showed a significant response in
menstrual regularity, menstrual loss, acne and alopecia. Regarding
Intron 6 polymorphism, there was a significant response in the CC
subgroup in relation to menstrual regularity, blood loss, acne and
ultrasound findings. The CT subgroup showed a significant response in
menstrual regularity and ultrasound findings. The TT subgroup showed a
significant response only in relation to alopecia. Conclusion:
Polymorphism in STK11 is not predictive of response to metformin therapy
at a dose of 850 mg, twice daily.
Pediatric Osteosarcoma in Morocco
Authors: Hbibi Mohamed , Benmiloud Sara , Kili Amina , KHOUBILA Nisrine , Elhoudzi Jamila , Hida Moustapha , Hessissen Laila
Published: January 2024

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor
in children and adolescents. It represents 2.5% of childhood cancers.
Survival has been completely changed thanks to early diagnosis and
modern treatment combining chemotherapy and surgery, resulting in
survival rates of over 70%. However, a paucity of studies on the
pattern of its occurrence in LMIC such as Morocco. The objective of this
study is to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, histological and
therapeutic profile in Moroccan children with osteosarcoma. Methods: We
retrospectively studied 91 patients of osteosarcoma collected from 2013
to 2016 at the four pediatric oncology units in Morocco which treat bone
tumors (CHU of Fez, Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakech). Results: Osteosarcoma
accounted for 3% of all patients treated for cancer during this period.
All patients are histologically proven osteosarcoma. The male/female
ratio was 0.85 with a mean age at diagnosis of 13 years. Swelling and
pain were the main symptom. The most frequent location of involvement
was the knee. Among the 91 patients, 40 patients didn’t have metastasis,
while 40 had metastasis (pulmonary, bone). For 11 patients, they didn’t
be evaluated for distant spread of cancer. The treatment options were
chemotherapy and surgery. The evolution was marked by 31% of deaths,
36% of abandonment , 9% of lost to follow-up, while only 20% of
complete remission and 4% alive under palliative treatment and. The
3-year survival study was 50%. Conclusion: The alarming data obtained
prompt a review of the management process for patients in all stage of
care pathways.
Pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as pneumothorax in children with leukemia
Authors: Shah Krunal , Kumar Arun , Kumar Nuthan , Kaushik Prakruthi , Jha Abhishek , L Appaji
Published: January 2024

Aspergillosis causes invasive pulmonary disease in patients with
hematological malignancies. Children with invasive pulmonary
aspergillosis (IPA) usually have non-specific radiographic findings
unlike cavitary lesions commonly seen in adults. Pneumothorax due to
rupture of peripheral fungal lesion may be a severe complication in
patients with neutropenia. Here, we describe three children during
induction chemotherapy for B-lymphoblastic leukemia with pneumothorax as
a presenting feature of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epstein Barr Virus Associated Smooth Muscle Tumors in Pediatric Heart Transplantation Patients: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Pruitt Jamie , Boyle Gerard , Nasman Colleen , Dermawan Josephine Kam Tai , Hanna Rabi , Flagg Aron , Fracci Sarah , Goldblum John , rotz seth
Published: January 2024

Background: Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT)
are rare neoplasms that occur in immunocompromised individuals. Although
generally less aggressive in adults, data in pediatric solid organ
transplant (SOT) recipients suggest these malignancies may be more
difficult to manage. As pediatric SOT becomes more common, the
occurrence of EBV-SMT is likely to increase. Understanding what incites
and drives these tumors is paramount. Design/Methods: We retrospectively
reviewed the electronic health record (EHR) of 152 pediatric cardiac
transplant recipients at our single institution between 1985-2017. Three
patients were identified as having EBV SMT. We reviewed their
demographics, time to malignancy, histology, treatment, and subsequent
course. Results: Of the 152 cardiac transplant recipients reviewed at
our institution between 1985-2017, three were identified to have EBV SMT
(confirmed by EBER CISH). In our series, the average time to diagnosis
was approximately 32 months following transplant. Liver was the most
common site of EBV SMT. Two patients were diagnosed with EBV SMT after a
known PTLD diagnosis. All three patients had elevated EBV titers at (or
around) time of diagnosis, and there was one patient with EBV
donor/recipient mismatch. Treatment was individualized and varied case
by case. Conclusion: EBV-SMTs are rare in pediatric SOT and are
difficult to manage in the setting of required immunosuppression. While
there is some literature to suggest the use of mTOR inhibition and CTL
therapy is helpful in treatment of EBV SMT, data remains limited given
the paucity of cases. At current, there remains no standard of care for
treatment of pediatric EBV SMT.
Analytic Solutions of Fractal and Fractional Time Derivative- Burgers-Nagumo Equation
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Hamdy , Tantawy Mohammad , Abdel-Aziz Basma , Bekir Ahmet
Published: January 2024

The Nagumo equation describes a reaction-diffusion system in biology.
Here, it is coupled to Burgers equation, via including convection, which
is, namely; Burgers-Nagumo equation BNE. The first objective of this
work is to present a theorem to reduce the different versions of the
fractional time derivatives FTD to “non autonomous” ordinary ones,
that is ordinary derivatives with time dependent coefficients. The
second objective is to find the exact solutions of the fractal and
fractional time derivative -BNE, that is to solve BNE with time
dependent coefficient. On the other hand FTD can be transformed to BNE
with constant coefficients via similarity transformations. The unified
and extended unified method are used. Self-similar solutions are also
obtained. It is found that significant fractal effects hold for smaller
order derivatives. While significant fractional effects hold for
higher-order derivatives. The solutions obtained show solitary, wrinkle
soliton waves, with double kinks, undulated, or with spikes. Further It
is shown that wrinkle soliton wave, with double kink configuration holds
for smaller fractal order. While in the case of fractional derivative,
this holds for higher orders.
Multimodality imaging as a lifeline for fatal localization of Valsalva sinus fibroelastoma - a case report
Authors: Tadić Snežana , Ilic Aleksandra , Stefanovic Maja , Stojsic-Milosavljevic Anastazija , Popov Tanja , Bjelobrk Marija
Published: January 2024

Papillary fibroelastomas are rare benign heart tumors, with the most
common involvement of heart valves. We will present an extremely rare
localization of a large Valsalva sinus fibroelastoma, with occasional
left coronary artery ostial obstruction, which is presented as an acute
coronary syndrome. The tumor was removed surgically and histologically
confirmed as papillary fibroelastoma. This review points to the crucial
importance of multidisciplinary team decision and multimodality imaging
method for diagnosis of the fibroelastoma, determination of size, and
localization, which avoided complications of fatal embolizations during
an invasive procedure.
Inflammation induces changes in the functional expression of ABC transporters: an overview of different models and consequences for drug disposition
Authors: Saib Sonia , Delavenne Xavier
Published: January 2024

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a key role in drug
pharmacokinetics. These membrane transporters are present in several
physiological barriers and they can be a source of pharmacokinetic
variability. Changes in ABC transporter expression and functionality may
consequently affect drug disposition resulting in different drug
exposure. Inflammation, present in several acute and chronic diseases,
has been identified as a source of modulation in drug transporter
expression leading to variability in drug response. Its regulation may
be particularly dangerous for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. In
this context, numerous in vitro and in -vivo models have shown up- or
downregulation in the expression and functionality of ABC transporters
under inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, the existence of nonagreed
data and the lack of standardization for the models used have led to a
more complex interpretation of these data. Thereby, the standardization
of study models is crucial to increase the relevance of data. In
addition, current data are not sufficient and further studies should be
performed to provide new evidence using additional techniques such as
mass spectrometry that will give more accurate quantitative information
about ABC transporter expression during inflammation.
Knowledge, attitudes and uptake related to influenza vaccine among healthcare workers in Tunisia
Authors: Cherif Ines , Kharroubi Ghassen , Bouabid Leila , Gharbi Adel , Boukthir Aicha , Alaya Nissaf Bouafif ép Ben , Salah Afif Ben , Bettaied Jihene
Published: January 2024

Background: The influenza vaccine (IV) is considered the most effective
strategy to prevent seasonal influenza infection and annual vaccination
of healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended by the World Health
Organization given their high mixing with patients. We assessed IV
uptake among HCWs in the 2018–2019 season and explored their knowledge
and attitudes regarding influenza immunization. Methods: A
cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 representative Tunisian
health facilities from March to May 2019. We recruited 1,231 HCWs with
direct patient contact using self-weighted multistage sampling.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses permitted to
assess the factors associated with IV uptake in the 2018–2019 influenza
season. Results: Among 1,231 health professionals enrolled in this
study, less than half (36.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]:
33.9-39.4) received the IV at least once in their lives and only 15.3%
(CI: 13.3-17.4) were vaccinated against influenza in the 2018–2019
influenza season. High confidence regarding IV efficacy, belief about
the mandatory character of influenza vaccination for HCWs, and IV uptake
in the 4 years preceding the 2018–2019 influenza season were
independently associated with higher IV uptake by multivariate analysis.
However, participants with high educational level were less likely to
receive the IV than those with the lowest educational level.
Conclusions: Our study revealed a low vaccination rate among Tunisian
HCWs confirming the importance of tailored education programs targeting
this population.
Epichloë sibirica enhanced the pathogen resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum by activating jasmonic acid and ethylene transduction pathway
Authors: Shi Xinjian , Qin Tianzi , Qu Yaobing , Zhang Junzhen , Ge Xiaoyu , Fan Xiaowen , Hao Guang , Gao Yubao , Ren Anzhi
Published: January 2024

Epichloë endophytes can improve the resistance of host grasses to
pathogenic fungi. However, little is known about the mechanisms
involved. We studied the effect of Epichloë sibirica on the resistance
of Achnatherum sibiricum to Curvularia lunata. Then, the global gene
expression between endophyte-infected and endophyte-free leaves was
compared. Finally, exogenous hormones were applied to verify the action
mechanism of the endophyte. The endophyte improved pathogen resistance
of the host. Before pathogen inoculation, the endophyte had activated
the host’s immunity by increasing jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation, and
upregulating the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related
proteins and EIN3/ERF1 transcription factors. After pathogen
inoculation, the endophyte increased the accumulation of both JA and
ethylene (ET), and amplified the gene response in the EIN3/ERF1
transduction pathway. Moreover, the endophyte altered the expression of
genes encoding a putative WRKY transcription factor and
glutathione-S-transferase, which are related to disease resistance.
Overall, this work first revealed that E. sibirica enhanced the
resistance of A. sibiricum to C. lunata by inducing the response of
EIN3/ERF1 transduction pathway regulated jointly by JA/ET. Before
pathogen inoculation, the endophyte induced JA accumulation to improve
constitutive resistance in the host. After pathogen inoculation, the
endophyte enhanced the induced systemic resistance by promoting ET
synthesis.
Ancient biomolecules suggest learned foraging strategy in extinct cave bears
Authors: Meleg Ioana , Robu Marius , Alberti Federica , Drucker Dorothee , Veres Daniel , Vlaicu Marius , Naito Yuichi , Boroneant Adina , Nitu Elena , Barlow Axel , Hofreiter Michael , Bocherens Herve
Published: January 2024

Learning plays an important role in the ecology and evolution of
species. Although learning has been extensively studied in extant
populations, studying learning in long extinct species represents a much
greater challenge because individuals and thei behaviour cannot be
directly observed, and their individual relatedness is more challenging
to study using molecular methods. However, an interdisciplinary approach
combining dietary behaviour revealed by isotope analysis and relatedness
estimated using ancient DNA might offer new insights into the learning
behavior of extinct species and populations. In this study, we examine
dietary variation in Late Pleistocene cave bears from the Romanian
Carpathians using stable isotopes. We find that dietary variation among
these cave bears is not associated with genetic relatedness inferred
using mitochondrial DNA, nor is it associated with Late Pleistocene
large scale-climatic oscillations, since different dietary niches
existed contemporaneously. Individual cave bears within the same
population therefore appear to have had different dietary preferences.
This implies that dietary preference was not determined at birth, and
instead developed during the early life stages of the animal, most
likely facilitated through learning which was not necessarily acquired
from close kin. Combining diet inferred from stable isotopes with
genetic relationships inferred from ancient mitogenomes thus reveals
aspects of the behavioral ecology of an extinct Pleistocene animal with
an unprecedented level of detail.
Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in populations of Indian Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta
Authors: Gattu Renuka , Vodithala Shamitha
Published: January 2024

Antheraea mylitta Drury, a polyphagous, Sericigenous, lepidopteran
insect commonly known as tasar silkworm is a species, found in the form
of 44 ecoraces, feeding on a number of food plants. In India, it covers
more than twenty states as ecoraces, with variations in phenotypic
traits like fecundity, voltinism, cocoon weight, silk ratio etc. The
distribution of the species has encountered diverse geographic and
climatic variations of the distinct areas, leading to marked differences
in not only phenotypical and physiological traits but also in the
commercial and technological aspects. A.mylitta Drury (Andhra Local
ecorace), which is an exclusive ecorace of the states of Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana, is well known for its superior commercial characters,
but, is on the verge of extinction due to its weaknesses in voltinism,
emergence, hatching, low yield etc. The ecorace conservation is
essential to utilize their valuable genes in enhancing productivity and
to build variation in new population through hybridization. Modern
sequencing methods like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies
and Insilco analysis are used in population genetic studies to
investigate the evolutionary forces affecting genetic variation. In the
present studies, the genomic DNA of parental ecoraces - Andhra local and
Daba TV of A. mylitta and their hybrid populations were sequenced
independently using the Illumina NextSeq500 in order to analyze their
genetic relationship. The sequencing library revealed that the fragment
size ranged between 200bp to 700bp and identified 35877 sites in 8
samples. Further, the phylogenetic tree showed closely and distantly
related taxa among the populations.
Assessment of a Left Ventricular Mass Using Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Wei Xin , Song Haibo , WU ZHONG , Tang Hong
Published: January 2024

A 47-year-old man with an asymptomatic left intraventricular mass was
referred to our hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed
a mass attached to the lateral wall of the left ventricle, with no other
structural changes. The true view mode of three-dimensional TEE was more
visual, and revealed a regular, very mobile, ball-like mass that was
attached to the anterolateral papillary muscle. The mass was then
surgical excised. Histopathological analysis indicated that the mass was
a myxoma. Cardiac myxomas are commonly seen in the left atrium. Left
ventricular myxomas are extremely rare, especially one attached to the
papillary muscles.
The effect of New Integral transform on the establishment of solutions for fractional mathematical models
Authors: Cetinkaya Suleyman , Demir Ali , Sevindir Hulya Kodal
Published: January 2024

In intention of this research is to established the truncated solutions
of time-space fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) by
employing the combination of Shehu transform and iterative method. The
numerical solutions reveals the effectivity and accuracy of the
technique.