bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
γ-phase evolution in aged Co–Ni–Ga shape memory alloy
Authors: Sobrero C. , Basbus J. , Lauhoff C. , Etter M. , Liehr A. , Niendorf T.
Published: December 2021

A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of high-temperature (HT) shape memory alloy 49Co–21Ni–30Ga (in at. pct.) was performed. The volume fraction, cell parameter and temperature evolution of the different secondary phases were analyzed. This study reports reliable experimental data on these parameters to be used as a future reference to adjust the composition of the material.
Pathways Toward High-energy Li-sulfur Batteries, Identified via Multi-reaction Chemical Modeling
Authors: Korff Daniel , Colclasure Andrew M. , Ha Yeyoung , Smith Kandler A. , DeCaluwe Steven C.
Published: December 2021

Here we present a 1D model of a Li-Sulfur battery with physically derived geometric parameters and thermodynamically consistent electrochemical kinetics. The approach enables straightforward comparison of proposed Li-S mechanisms and provides insights into the influence of polysulfide intermediates on battery discharge. Comparing predictions from multiple mechanisms demonstrates the need for both lithiated and non-lithiated polysulfide species, and highlights the challenge of developing parameter estimates for complex electrochemical mechanisms. The model is also used to explore cathode design strategies. Discharge performance and polysulfide concentrations for electrolyte/sulfur ratios in the range 2–4 μL mg−1 identifies trade-offs that limit battery energy and power density, and highlights the risk of polysulfide precipitation. New cathode and electrolyte approaches must limit polysulfide concentrations in the electrolyte, both to unlock better rate capabilities in Li-S technology and to prevent capacity fade due to polysulfide precipitation.
Heterogeneity in MacMullin Number of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes Studied by Means of an Aperture Probe
Authors: Liu Baichuan , Prugue Kayci , Nikpour Mojdeh , Ward Kristopher , Mazzeo Brian A. , Wheeler Dean R.
Published: December 2021

Heterogeneity of MacMullin number within battery electrodes is a key metric affecting cell performance. To characterize this heterogeneity, an aperture probe was developed. This probe, coupled with a newly developed transmission-line model, allows for measurements of tortuosity, represented by the MacMullin number, on millimeter length scales. Local MacMullin number values of seven electrodes were measured, and the ionic resistance profiles of these electrodes are given through contour maps of the MacMullin number. The method is validated by comparing the average MacMullin number to the value obtained through other measurement methods. The results show significant local MacMullin number variation in such electrodes on a millimeter length scale. This method will allow battery manufacturers and researchers to better quantify sources of heterogeneity and improve electrode quality.
The Role of Silicon in Silicon-Graphite Composite Electrodes Regarding Specific Capacity, Cycle Stability, and Expansion
Authors: Moyassari Erfan , Roth Thomas , Kücher Simon , Chang Chia-Chin , Hou Shang-Chieh , Spingler Franz B. , Jossen Andreas
Published: December 2021

One promising way of compensating for the repeated volume expansion and contraction of silicon as an anode active material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is to embed silicon within a graphite matrix. Silicon-graphite (SiG) composites combine the advantageous properties of graphite, i.e., large electrical conductivity and high structural stability, with the advantageous properties of silicon, i.e., high theoretical capacity. Graphite has a much lower volume expansion upon lithiation (≈ 10%) than pure silicon (≈ 300%) and provides a mechanically stable matrix. Herein, we present an investigation into the electrochemical performance and thickness change behavior of porous SiG anode compositions with silicon contents ranging from 0 wt% to 20 wt%. The electrode composites were studied using two methods: in situ dilatometry for the thickness change investigation and conventional coin cells for the assessment of electrochemical performance. The measurements show that the initial thickness change of SiG electrodes increased significantly with the silicon content, but it leveled off during cycling for all compositions. There appears to be a correlation between silicon content and capacity loss, but no clear correlation between thickness change and capacity loss rate was found.
Mixed Protonic-Electronic Conductivity of SrCe1−xPrxO3−δ
Authors: Ostrovskiy Eugene , Huang Yi-Lin , Pellegrinelli Christopher , Hussain A. Mohammed , Sakbodin Mann , Wachsman Eric D.
Published: December 2021

Protonic conductors are gaining use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolysis cells (SOECs) as well as for H2 separation membranes. However, for SOFC/SOEC electrode and membrane applications their performance is limited by low electronic conductivity. One of the most promising classes of ceramic proton conductors, perovskites, have highly-tunable compositions allowing for the optimization of both ionic and electronic conductivity. In this work Pr-doped SrCeO3 was studied over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures (pO2’s) and temperatures to determine its defect properties and conductivity. Under reducing conditions Pr-doped SrCeO3 was found to be chemically and structurally stable, with an optimal Pr doping level of 10%. This composition shows greater conductivity compared to previously reported Eu-doped SrCeO3. Under low pO2 Pr-doped SrCeO3 exhibited n-type behavior as conductivity increased with decreasing pO2, suggesting that the electronic conductivity of SrCeO3 is significantly enhanced by Pr doping. Under high pO2 conditions, Pr-doped SrCeO3 exhibited p-type conductivity with higher conductivity in the presence of water affirming its protonic conductivity. This work validates the use of Pr as a means of enhancing electronic conductivity in proton conducting perovskites.
Waist Circumference Is More Closely Associated with Hypogonadism than Is Hyperglycemia, Independent of BMI in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Hsu Po-Sheng , Hung Chia-Lien , Tu Shih-Kai , Chen Hsin-Hung , Yang Deng-Ho , Liao Chun-Cheng
Published: December 2021

Introduction. To evaluate whether waist circumference (WC) or hyperglycemia is more closely associated with hypogonadism in middle-aged men. Research Design and Methods. This cross-sectional study analyzed male participants under 65 years old from the MJ Health Screening Center in Taiwan from 2007 to 2016. Basic patient characteristics with relevant parameters were obtained. We used the chi-square test to perform a correlation analysis for HbA1c and WC between participants with and without hypogonadism. A one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe’s method was applied to compare the mean testosterone (T) among the HbAlc and WC groups (normal blood sugar with normal WC (NBSNW), abnormal blood sugar with normal WC (ABSNW), normal blood sugar with abnormal WC (NBSAW), and abnormal blood sugar with abnormal waist circumference (ABSAW)). Results. The 5,680 participants were divided into two groups based on the presence (

n
=
599

) or absence of hypogonadism (

n
=
5,081

), which was defined as

total
 
testosterone
 

TT

<
300
 
ng
/
dL

. The mean TT of group NBSAW (

443.71
±
220.59
 
ng
/
dl

) was significantly lower than that of group ABSNW (

506.64
±
191.08
 
ng
/
dl

,

p
<
0.001

). Moreover, the mean TT of group ABSAW (

398.89
±
146.24
 
ng
/
dl

) was significantly lower than that of group ABSNW (

506.64
±
191.08
 
ng
/
dl

,

p
<
0.001

). The ORs after adjusting for BMI, TG, HDL, SBP, and DBP were statistically significant when comparing NBSAW vs. NBSNW (

OR
=
2.846

;

95
%
CI
=
2.266
–
3.575

;

p
<
0.001

), ABSNW vs. NDNW (

OR
=
1.693

;

95
%
CI
=
1.309
–
2.189

;

p
<
0.001

), and ABSAW vs. NBSNW (

OR
=
4.613

;

95
%
CI
=
3.634
–
5.856

;

p
<
0.001

). Conclusion. The current study showed that WC should be the risk factor that is more closely associated with hypogonadism than hyperglycemia in middle-aged men.
Generation Mechanism of Corporate Online Public Opinion Hotness Based on Multicase Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Wang Manxi , Sun Jie
Published: December 2021

Based on the actor network theory, this paper collects 20 representative corporate public opinion data through microblogs, uses the qualitative comparative analysis method to analyze these typical cases from the configuration perspective, identifies the elements and condition combination paths of corporate online public opinion hotness generation from four dimensions: enterprises, netizens, media, and government, and explores the generation mechanism of corporate network public opinion hotness. The results show three modes with high hotness of corporate network public opinion generation, which are internal and external linkage, internal leading, and external restriction. The public opinion hotness generation modes of consumers’ rights and interests and managers’ problems are different. Therefore, different measures should be taken to reduce the hotness of negative public opinion for different causes of corporate public opinion. Based on this, this paper puts forward some guidance suggestions, including strengthening the identification and contact with opinion leaders, strengthening the cooperation with the government and authoritative media, and strengthening the feedback response level of corporate network public opinion. This study helps to prevent and resolve public opinion crisis and provides reference for corporate public opinion governance.
Reactivation of Coccidioides immitis in a Prosthetic Knee after Initiation of Chemotherapy
Authors: Ciochetto Zachary , Georgen Maria , Hadro Adam , Jurkowski Lauren , Ridolfi Kimberly , Wooldridge Adam , Gundacker Nathan , Haque Javeria
Published: December 2021

Coccidioides is an endemic fungus in the Southwestern United States and Central and South America. Coccidioidomycosis primary infections are typically of the lung with an asymptomatic or self-limiting course. Some infections disseminate to other parts of the body and a few can remain latent for many years. Reactivation of latent fungal disease can occur following an insult to the host immune system. Here, we describe a case of a 76-year-old Caucasian male patient who moved from California to Wisconsin with a history of coccidioidomycosis infection of the left knee that reactivated decades later in his prosthetic knee shortly after being initiated on ibrutinib (Imbruvica), a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). There have been some case reports regarding coccidioidomycosis infections after initiating ibrutinib therapy but none with a 50 year latency period before reactivation. Readers will learn the immunological effects of ibrutinib on the hosts’ innate and adaptive immunity and its role in putting the host at risk for invasive fungal infections. We also review the literature and data on treatment regimens and recommendations based on current guidelines.
Deformation Response Research of the Existing Subway Tunnel Impacted by Adjacent Foundation Pit Excavation
Authors: Dong Xin , Mei Ling , Yang Shuyan , He Liang
Published: December 2021

The excavation of foundation pits is one of the most important factors causing changes to the initial stress state of its surrounding soil, thus affecting the safety of nearby existing subway tunnels. In order to study the deformation in metro lines induced by adjacent foundation pit excavation, a three‐dimensional model based on an actual engineering case was established, and the deformation regulations of the retaining wall, surrounding soil, and tunnels were investigated, which also validated the model’s feasibility. Additionally, the deformation and strain response of the subway tunnel under different selection parameters of the enclosing structure and soil were studied. The results showed that, after the foundation pit excavation, the soil inside the pit underwent an uplift, the surrounding soil outside of the pit showed vertical settlement, and the retaining wall created a deformation towards the interior of the pit. Mechanical parameters of plate elements have a small influence on the deformation of metro lines. Axial strain and maximum displacement of the subway tunnel increase with the increase in the soil’s Poisson’s ratio, and on the contrary, they decrease with the increase in the m‐value and G0,ref. The maximum responses of the subway tunnel came from changes to G0,ref and υ. These analysis results can be used for the safety evaluation of subway tunnel operation, design, and construction in other similar engineering settings.
Double Deep Recurrent Reinforcement Learning for Centralized Dynamic Multichannel Access
Authors: Cong Qianhong , Lang Wenhui
Published: December 2021

We consider the problem of dynamic multichannel access for transmission maximization in multiuser wireless communication networks. The objective is to find a multiuser strategy that maximizes global channel utilization with a low collision in a centralized manner without any prior knowledge. Obtaining an optimal solution for centralized dynamic multichannel access is an extremely difficult problem due to the large‐state and large‐action space. To tackle this problem, we develop a centralized dynamic multichannel access framework based on double deep recurrent Q‐network. The centralized node first maps current state directly to channel assignment actions, which can overcome prohibitive computation compared with reinforcement learning. Then, the centralized node can be easy to select multiple channels by maximizing the sum of value functions based on a trained neural network. Finally, the proposed method avoids collisions between secondary users through centralized allocation policy.
GPX4‐Regulated Ferroptosis Mediates S100‐Induced Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis Associated with the Nrf2/HO‐1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhu Lujian , Chen Dazhi , Zhu Yin , Pan Tongtong , Xia Dingchao , Cai Tingchen , Lin Hongwei , Lin Jing , Jin Xiaozhi , Wu Faling , Yu Sijie , Zhu Kailu , Xu Lanman , Chen Yongping
Published: December 2021

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the liver. Oxidative stress triggered by reactive oxygen radicals is a common pathophysiological basis for the pathogenesis of many liver diseases, and ferroptosis is associated with the toxic accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The signaling transduction pathways responsible for iron processing and lipid‐peroxidation mechanisms are believed to drive ferroptosis. However, the specific mechanisms regulating ferroptosis remain unclear. The aims of this investigation were to identify the possible effector functions of ferroptosis, based on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) regulation in an S100‐induced autoimmune hepatitis mouse model and hepatocyte injury models. The S100 liver antigen‐induced AIH mouse model was used to detect ferroptotic biomarkers using western blotting. Upregulated levels of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) and Acyl‐Coenzyme A synthase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were observed in the S100‐induced AIH model group, while levels of GPX4 and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) were downregulated (P < 0.05). The expression profiles of COX2, ACSL4, GPX4, and FTH1 were restored following the administration of ferrostatin‐1. In addition, Nrf2 and HO‐1 levels in the S100‐induced AIH model mice after treatment with ferrostatin‐1 were downregulated compared to the nonferrostatin‐1‐treated S100‐induced AIH model mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, COX2 and ACSL4 levels were significantly upregulated, with significant FTH1 downregulation, in the AIH model mice when liver‐specific GPX4 was silenced using AAV8 constructs. These data indicate that inhibition of ferroptosis significantly ameliorated the influence of AIH on the Nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling pathway, and that ferroptosis may act as an initiator or intermediate mediator leading to AIH.
A Reliable Treatment for Nonlinear Differential Equations
Authors: Marasi H. R. , Sedighi M. , Aydi H. , Gaba Y. U.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we use the concept of homotopy, Laplace transform, and He’s polynomials, to propose the auxiliary Laplace homotopy parameter method (ALHPM). We construct a homotopy equation consisting on two auxiliary parameters for solving nonlinear differential equations, which switch nonlinear terms with He’s polynomials. The existence of two auxiliary parameters in the homotopy equation allows us to guarantee the convergence of the obtained series. Compared with numerical techniques, the method solves nonlinear problems without any discretization and is capable to reduce computational work. We use the method for different types of singular Emden–Fowler equations. The solutions, constructed in the form of a convergent series, are in excellent agreement with the existing solutions.
Anion-Dependent Synthesis of Cu(II) Complexes with 2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-indole: Synthesis, X-Ray Structures, and Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Halaš Petr , Kuchár Juraj , Herchel Radovan
Published: December 2021

Two mononuclear Cu(II) complexes, [Cu(phen)2(HL)]ClO4·H2O·2DMF (1) and [Cu(phen)2(HL)2]·EtOH (2), comprising 1,10-phentantroline (phen) and 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-indole ligand (H2L) ligands are reported. Analysis and characterization of the samples were performed using standard physicochemical techniques, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed the formation of a pentacoordinate complex in 1 and a hexacoordinate complex in 2, in which the anionic ligand HL− has undergone monodentate coordination through the tetrazole unit. Furthermore, the crystal structure of H2L·MeOH is also discussed. The potential application of compounds 1 and 2 in bioinorganic chemistry was addressed by investigating their radical scavenging activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the results were supported also by theoretical calculations.
Edge Computing in Mobile Information System for Digital Construction of College English Teaching
Authors: Zhu Hong
Published: December 2021

As an education mode and teaching method of modern education, digital teaching in colleges and universities plays a role of bridge and hub in the development of modern education. Digital teaching has become one of the important driving forces for the development of digital and informatization of education in colleges and universities. This paper combines edge computing and digital technology to study the mobile information system used in the digital teaching of college English, namely, the digital teaching platform. In the technical part, this article clarifies the concept of mobile information system and introduces edge computing, cloud computing, digital system structure, and other technologies in detail; the system design and implementation part introduces the system architecture, function design, and how to realize the system function. In the system test section, black box and white box tests were performed on the system. The test results show that all functions of the system can be used normally and have certain feasibility. The mobile information system reduces the average content transmission delay (ADL) by approximately 14%‐22% and 21%‐31%, respectively, which greatly improves the efficiency of digital teaching of English in colleges and universities.
Smart Identity Management System by Face Detection Using Multitasking Convolution Network
Authors: Farhi Lubna , Abbasi Hira , Rehman Rija
Published: December 2021

Identity management system in most academic and office environments is presently achieved primarily by a manual method where the user has to input their attendance into the system. The manual method sometimes results in human error and makes the process less efficient and time-consuming. The proposed system highlights the implementation and design of a smart face identification-based management system while taking into account both the background luminosity and distance. This system detects and recognizes the person and marks their attendance with the timestamp. In this methodology, the face is initially resized to 3 different sizes of 256, 384, and 512 pixels for multiscale testing. The overall outcome size descriptor is the overall mean for these characteristic vectors, and the deep convolution neural network calculates 22 facial features in 128 distinct embeddings in 22-deep network layers. The pose of the 2D face from −15 to +15° provides identification with 98% accuracy in low computation time. Another feature of the proposed system is that it is able to accurately perform identification with an accuracy of 99.92% from a distance of 5 m under optimal light conditions. The accuracy is also dependent on the light intensity where it varies from 96% to 99% under 100 to 1000 lumen/m2, respectively. The presented model not only improves accuracy and identity under realistic conditions but also reduces computation time.
Serum PCSK9 Correlates with PTX3 and Apolipoproteins B, A1, and C3 Concentrations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Waluś-Miarka Małgorzata , Kapusta Maria , Miarka Przemysław , Kawalec Ewa , Idzior-Waluś Barbara
Published: December 2021

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in the regulation of LDL metabolism. There is evidence that circulating PCSK9 is a cardiovascular risk factor. In this study, we determined factors associated with circulating PCSK9 in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Material included 116 consecutive patients with DM2 from outpatient diabetes clinic. Circulating PCSK9, PTX3, apolipoprotein (apo) B100, apo B48, and apo C3 levels were determined by ELISA, apo A1 by immunoturbidimetry. The mean (sd) age of patients was 59.1 (11.1) years, the mean (sd) values of serum PCSK9 were 255.4 (106.97) ng/ml. Circulating PCSK9 correlated negatively with age (

r
=
−
0.21

,

p
<
0.05

) and HbA1c (

r
=
−
0.21

,

p
<
0.05

) and positively with BMI (

r
=
0.21

,

p
<
0.05

), total cholesterol (

r
=
0.59

), LDL-cholesterol (

r
=
0.50

), triglyceride (

r
=
0.35

), apo B100 (

r
=
0.43

), apo A1 (

r
=
0.43

) (

p
<
0.001

for all), apo C3 (

r
=
0.29

,

p
<
0.01

), and apo B48 (

r
=
0.25

,

p
<
0.01

) concentration and FLI (

r
=
0.26

,

p
<
0.01

). Strong correlation between PTX3 and PCSK9 levels was observed (

r
=
0.47

,

p
<
0.001

). Multiple stepwise backward regression analysis with PCSK9 as dependent variable revealed that PTX3, apo B100, apo A1, apo B48, and BMI were significantly positive and the presence of NAFLD and HbA1c negatively associated with PCSK9 concentrations. These variables together explain 57% of PCSK9 variability; the strongest relationship was observed between PCSK9 and PTX3 and apo B100. Our results indicate that circulating PCSK9 is significantly associated with inflammation marker PTX3 as well as atherogenic lipids and apolipoproteins C3, B100, and B48, which might be of value in understanding interactions between development of atherosclerosis and inflammatory state in DM2 patients.
Security Guarantee for Vehicular Message Transmission Based on Dynamic Social Attributes
Authors: Chen Lishui , Wang Jing , Chen Xing , Zhang Yifu
Published: December 2021

Effective message forwarding between vehicles can reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents and improve the driving experience. Vehicle clustering can improve message utilization, but attackers in the network pose a serious threat to message forwarding. Based on vehicle clustering, we propose a message forwarding strategy for Vehicular Ad hoc Network. Specifically, the vehicles are clustered based on their directions and speeds. Besides, the friendship of vehicles is evaluated in terms of the interaction friendship and reference friendship. Based on the friendship of vehicles, the optimal vehicle can be selected as the cluster head. Thereafter, the double key technology is designed to encrypt vehicular messages such that the messages can be forwarded more safely and efficiently. The analysis results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the message delivery rate, reduce the message leakage rate, and improve the network performance.
Measuring Balance Abilities of Transtibial Amputees Using Multiattribute Utility Theory
Authors: Zhang Xueyi , Liu Zhicheng , Qiu Guixing
Published: December 2021

Background. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) can be considered the standard for assessment of functional balance but has a noted ceiling effect in active transtibial amputees (TTAs). Development of ceiling‐free measures based on quantitative measurement techniques that is suitable for patients in any experience levels, yet sensitive enough to capture improvements in any stage of prosthetic rehabilitation, is needed. Research Question. Does a scoring scheme based on Multiattribute Utility (MAU) theory assess balance abilities of multileveled TTAs comparable to BBS? Methods. A case‐control study including 28 participants (8 novice TTAs, 10 experienced TTAs, and 10 healthy controls) was conducted. Guided by MAU theory, a novel balance model was developed and initially validated by Spearman correlation between index‐generated scores and expert assigned scores, providing preliminary evidence of validity. Floor/ceiling effects were tested, and between‐group comparisons of static/dynamic balance were conducted by paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test depending on data distribution normality. Results. BBS score was correlated with computed balance index (r = 0.847, p < 0.001). The BBS score of novice/experienced TTAs was 39/54, and the computed balance index was 38/75. A ceiling effect of BBS (30%) was observed in the experienced TTA group, whereas no ceiling effects were found for the computed index in any combination of TTA groups. Group differences between novice and experienced TTAs were observed in center of pressure (COP) ellipse shift area, COP path length, COP average velocity, gait speed, and cadence (all p < 0.05). Significance. Evidence from first stage validation of the proposed MAU balance model indicated that the model performed well. This proposed method can monitor the progress of balance for varied experience‐leveled TTAs and provide clinicians with useful information for assessing the rehabilitation training.
MUTYH Actively Contributes to Microglial Activation and Impaired Neurogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mizuno Yuri , Abolhassani Nona , Mazzei Guianfranco , Sakumi Kunihiko , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Iwaki Toru , Yamasaki Ryo , Kira Jun-ichi , Nakabeppu Yusaku
Published: December 2021

Oxidative stress is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by brain atrophy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of neurons. 8‐Oxoguanine, a major oxidatively generated nucleobase highly accumulated in the AD brain, is known to cause neurodegeneration. In mammalian cells, several enzymes play essential roles in minimizing the 8‐oxoguanine accumulation in DNA. MUTYH with adenine DNA glycosylase activity excises adenine inserted opposite 8‐oxoguanine in DNA. MUTYH is reported to actively contribute to the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson and Huntington diseases and some mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases by accelerating neuronal dysfunction and microgliosis under oxidative conditions; however, whether or not MUTYH is involved in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the contribution of MUTYH to the AD pathogenesis. Using postmortem human brains, we showed that various types of MUTYH transcripts and proteins are expressed in most hippocampal neurons and glia in both non‐AD and AD brains. We further introduced MUTYH deficiency into AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock‐in AD model mice, which produce humanized toxic amyloid‐β without the overexpression of APP protein, and investigated the effects of MUTYH deficiency on the behavior, pathology, gene expression, and neurogenesis. MUTYH deficiency improved memory impairment in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, accompanied by reduced microgliosis. Gene expression profiling strongly suggested that MUTYH is involved in the microglial response pathways under AD pathology and contributes to the phagocytic activity of disease‐associated microglia. We also found that MUTYH deficiency ameliorates impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus, thus improving memory impairment. In conclusion, we propose that MUTYH, which is expressed in the hippocampus of AD patients as well as non‐AD subjects, actively contributes to memory impairment by inducing microgliosis with poor neurogenesis in the preclinical AD phase and that MUTYH is a novel therapeutic target for AD, as its deficiency is highly beneficial for ameliorating AD pathogenesis.
Deep Learning-Based MRI in Diagnosis of Fracture of Tibial Plateau Combined with Meniscus Injury
Authors: Xie Xiaoxiao , Li Zhen , Bai Lu , Zhou Ri , Li Canfeng , Jiang Xiaocheng , Zuo Jianwei , Qi Yulong
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images based on deep learning algorithms in the diagnosis of tibial plateau fractures combined with meniscus injuries. The original MRI image was input into the deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN), and the knee joint undersampled and fully sampled MRI image data were used for training to obtain a neural network model that can effectively remove the noise and blur of the undersampled image. Then, the image was reconstructed by the Regridding model to obtain an image with less noise and clearer structure. At the same time, all subjects underwent knee MRI examinations, and algorithms were used to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of their images. It was found that of 160 menisci from 80 cases of tibial plateau fractures, 64 were normal meniscus and 88 were injured menisci. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of optimized MRI in diagnosing fracture of tibial plateau combined with meniscus injury were 96.9%, 93.2%, and 95.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the restored MRI images have high sensitivity in the diagnosis of meniscus injury and high consistency with the intraoperative results. It suggests that the optimized MRI image is effective in the diagnosis of meniscus injury.
Brain Model Based on the Canonical Ensemble with Functional MRI: A Thermodynamic Exploration of the Neural System
Authors: Zhou Chenxi , Yang Bin , Fan Wenliang , Li Wei
Published: December 2021

Objective. System modeling is an important method to study the working mechanisms of the brain. This study attempted to build a model of the brain from the perspective of thermodynamics at the system level, which brought a new perspective to brain modeling. Approach. Regarding brain regions as systems, voxels as particles, and intensity of signals as energy of particles, the thermodynamic model of the brain was built based on the canonical ensemble theory. Two pairs of activated regions and two pairs of inactivated brain regions were selected for comparison in this study, and the thermodynamic properties based on the proposed model were analyzed. In addition, the thermodynamic properties were extracted as input features for the detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Main Results. The experimental results verified the assumption that the brain follows thermodynamic laws. This demonstrated the feasibility and rationality of the proposed brain thermodynamic modeling method, indicating that thermodynamic parameters drawn from our model can be applied to describe the state of the neural system. Meanwhile, the brain thermodynamic model achieved good accuracy in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting the potential application of thermodynamic models in auxiliary diagnosis. Significance. (1) In the previous studies, only some thermodynamic parameters in physics were analogized and applied to brain image analysis, while, in this study, a complete system model of the brain was proposed through the principles of thermodynamics. And, based on the neural system models proposed, thermodynamic parameters were obtained to describe the observation and evolution of the neural system. (2) Based on the proposed thermodynamic models, we found and confirmed that the neural system also follows the laws of thermodynamics: the activation of system always leads to increased internal energy, increased free energy, and decreased entropy as what is discovered in many other systems besides classic thermodynamic system. (3) The detection of neural disease was demonstrated to benefit from the thermodynamic model, which confirmed that the thermodynamic model proposed can indeed describe the evolution of the neural system diseases. And it further implied the immense potential of thermodynamics in auxiliary diagnosis.
Educación interprofesional en salud a través de la metodología de aprendizaje-servicio en estudiantes de primer año
Authors: Lucero Nayadet , Avello-Sáez Daniela , Sepúlveda José , Calvo Fernanda , Espinosa Alejandra , Villagrán Ignacio
Published: December 2021

Introducción: el presente artículo describe la implementación de la educación interprofesional en estudiantes de primer año de tres carreras del departamento de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad Católica (UC) a través de la metodología de aprendizaje servicio, durante la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de promover habilidades transversales y fortalecer aprendizajes vinculados a diferentes realidades sociales en futuros profesionales. Método: la metodología de esta investigación es de carácter mixta concurrente con predominancia cuantitativa, de secuencia transversal y alcance descriptivo. Consiste en una encuesta, voluntaria y anónima, compuesta por preguntas abiertas y de escala Likert, aplicada a 239 estudiantes de las carreras de terapia ocupacional, kinesiología y nutrición durante el primer semestre de 2021. Resultados: la percepción de estudiantes sobre la metodología de aprendizaje-servicio interdisciplinario, a pesar de la modalidad virtual dada por la pandemia, es positiva, ya que se acepta su coherencia e integración con los aprendizajes y objetivos de la asignatura; y se reconoce como un aporte a la reflexión, al igual que de servicio tanto a la comunidad como a la sociedad desde la formación profesional. De forma similar, los estudiantes informan el cumplimiento del desarrollo de habilidades transversales y se identifican elementos de mejora. Discusiones: El proyecto de interdisciplina implementados por docentes UC a estudiantes de primer año cumple con la metodología y los objetivos principales de aprendizaje-servicio y se valora la oportunidad de aprender con estudiantes de otras disciplinas, lo cual hace imperativo mejorar la coordinación y comunicación entre equipos docentes para potenciar más instancias de este carácter.
The Immediate Effect of Sinapis nigra and Zingiber officinale as Thermogenic Substances during Footbaths: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Vagedes Jan , Kuderer Silja , Helmert Eduard , Vagedes Katrin , Kohl Matthias , Szőke Henrik , Beissner Florian , Joos Stefanie , Andrasik Frank
Published: December 2021

Objective: Warm footbaths infused with Sinapis nigra (mustard, or MU) or Zingiber officinale (ginger, or GI) are used for various thermoregulatory conditions, but little is known about how they are perceived by individuals, both short- and long-term. We analyzed the immediate and long-term effects of MU and GI on warmth and stimulus perception in healthy adults. Methods: Seventeen individuals (mean age 22.1±2.4 years; 11 female) received three footbaths (mean temperature was 40 ± 0.2°C, administered between 1:30 and 6:30 p.m.) in a randomized order with a crossover design: 1. with warm water only (WA), 2. with warm water and MU, and 3. with warm water and GI. Warmth and stimulus perception at the feet were assessed at the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th minute of the footbaths, in the late evening (EVE), and the following morning (MG). We further assessed well-being (at EVE and MG) and sleep quality (at MG). The primary outcome measure was the warmth perception at the feet at the 10th minute of the footbath. Results: At the 10th minute of the footbath, warmth perception at the feet was significantly higher with MU and GI compared to WA. The immediate thermogenic effects pointed to a quick increase in warmth and stimulus perception with MU, a slower increase with GI, and a gradual decrease with WA. Regarding the long-term effects, warmth and stimulus perception were still higher after GI compared to WA at EVE and MG. No differences were seen for general well-being and sleep quality. Conclusion: Thermogenic substances can significantly alter the dynamics of warmth and stimulus perception when added to footbaths. The different profiles in the application of GI and MU could be relevant for a more differentiated and specific use of both substances in different therapeutic indications.
LIM Homeobox-2 Suppresses Hallmarks of Adult and Pediatric Liver Cancers by Inactivating MAPK/ERK and Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathways
Authors: Mosca Nicola , Khoubai Fatma Zohra , Fedou Sandrine , Carrillo-Reixach Juan , Caruso Stefano , Del Rio-Alvarez Alvaro , Dubois Emeric , Avignon Christophe , Dugot-Senant Nathalie , Guettier Catherine , Mussini Charlotte , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Armengol Carolina , Thiébaud Pierre , Veschambre Philippe , Grosset Christophe François
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma are two liver cancers characterized by gene deregulations, chromosomal rearrangements, and mutations in Wnt/beta-catenin (Wnt) pathway-related genes. LHX2, a transcriptional factor member of the LIM homeobox gene family, has important functions in embryogenesis and liver development. LHX2 is oncogenic in many solid tumors and leukemia, but its role in liver cancer is unknown. Methods: We analyzed the expression of LHX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma samples using various transcriptomic datasets and biological samples. The role of LHX2 was studied using lentiviral transduction, in vitro cell-based assays (growth, migration, senescence, and apoptosis), molecular approaches (phosphokinase arrays and RNA-seq), bioinformatics, and two in vivo models in chicken and Xenopus embryos. Results: We found a strong connection between LHX2 downregulation and Wnt activation in these two liver cancers. In hepatoblastoma, LHX2 downregulation correlated with multiple poor outcome parameters including higher patient age, intermediate- and high-risk tumors, and low patient survival. Forced expression of LHX2 reduced the proliferation, migration, and survival of liver cancer cells in vitro through the inactivation of MAPK/ERK and Wnt signals. In vivo, LHX2 impeded the development of tumors in chick embryos and repressed the Wnt pathway in Xenopus embryos. RNA-sequencing data and bioinformatic analyses confirmed the deregulation of many biological functions and molecular processes associated with cell migration, cell survival, and liver carcinogenesis in LHX2-expressing hepatoma cells. At a mechanistic level, LHX2 mediated the disassembling of beta-catenin/T-cell factor 4 complex and induced expression of multiple inhibitors of Wnt (e.g., TLE/Groucho) and MAPK/ERK (e.g., DUSPs) pathways. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings demonstrate a tumor suppressive function of LHX2 in adult and pediatric liver cancers.
The Crisis of Indian Secularism
Authors: Beltramini Enrico
Published: December 2021

In this paper I suggest that Roman Catholic theologians in India take a second look at the distinction between western and Indian secularisms. Blurring the lines between western and Indian secularisms may help the theological reflection on the so-called crisis of Indian secularism. The key point is the non-ontological, historical character of secularism. A look at the growing literature on western post-secularization, in fact, may offer some suggestions about how to deal with the nationalist mooring of Hindutva philosophy. A possibility exists that both the West and India are eventually entering simultaneously, but not necessarily on the same terms, a post-secular phase.
A Discursive Contextualisation of Hustling in Nigerian Hip-Hop
Authors: Onanuga Paul
Published: December 2021

One of the endearing qualities of the Hip-Hop genre is its penchant for crass materialism where artistes lyrically brag about their successes while unabashedly flaunting the ostentatious proceeds of their newfound fame. This resonates with the contemporary constructs of individualism and self-realisation in line with social expectations. However, beyond the photo ops, these artistes indeed go the extra mile in achieving success. In this article, the portraiture of hustling, which indexes survival in any form, is explored. Fifteen purposively selected songs by Nigerian Hip-Hop artistes constitute the data. For one, many of the popular Hip-Hoppers defied the stranglehold of poverty before recording personal successes. They thus reference the street as a domain of hustling and recount their experiences. Different contextual or social orientations of hustling in Nigeria are discursively constructed by the artists. It is framed as a prerequisite for achieving success (regardless of how!); as a necessity to meet familial responsibility; and as combat with perceived enemies. Additionally, Nigerian Hip-Hop artistes annex hustling as a psychological/mental activity as well as a metaphor for God’s blessings. The study concludes that hustling typifies the underground economy and the almost limitless extent to which Nigerian Hip-Hoppers work for their successes.
On the origin of the Mainstream Hakka word [oi1] “mother”
Authors: Coblin W. South
Published: December 2021

One of the most common morphemes meaning “mother” in the Hakka dialects is a syllable pronounced [oi1], [ɔi1], or the like. This word, so far as is known, has no phonologically systematic cognates in other Chinese dialect families and is not attested in early Sinographic records. Nor has any plausible non-Sinitic donor language been identified for it. The object of the present paper is to suggest a possible earlier origin for this word. Our hypothesis is that it is in fact a fusion of a Common Neo-Hakka compound *a1 moi1, in which the first element is a kinship prefix and the second is a word whose basic meaning is “mother, aunt, etc.” The paper then suggests that the morpheme *moi1 descends from an even older, pre-Hakka word *moi4, which may in turn have been related in some way to the pre-Hàn word mǔ 母 “mother”.
再論湖泗方言“打”字的三個讀音及相關問題
Authors: 謝 留文
Published: December 2021

湖北武漢湖泗方言“打”字有三個讀音，其中表示“投擲、扔”和“擊打”義讀音為[tɕiã44]、[tɕiã23]。李榮先生認為可能反映了古音“打，都挺切”，同時又指出，湖泗話“古上聲怎麼分化成陰平、陰去兩類，有待進一步研究”。本文考察漢語南北方言相關資料，所有表示“投擲、扔”和“擊打”義讀音的來源均為中古端母、梗攝開口四等、清聲母平聲或清聲母去聲，聲調沒有清聲母上聲的來源。所以本字不可能是“都挺切”的“打”。 如果說一定要有本字，最有可能的本字是“碇（矴）”，由“碇（矴）石”拋入水中以固定船身的動作，引申出“沉入水裡”和“投擲、扔”義。
贛語都昌方言“濁音”聲母的演化音系學考察
Authors: 劉 澤民
Published: December 2021

古全濁聲母真正保持“濁音”的漢語方言已經不多，濁音在漢語方言中的演變大都走“清化”的主流，濁音清化後的音韵格局也各有不同，在漢語語音史上非常引人注目，而都昌方言不僅完整保留濁音，濁音演變也很有特色，還有全濁和次清聲母合流的獨特格局，漢語多數方言塞音塞擦音都是送氣和不送氣對立，而都昌方言是清與濁的對立，從演化音系上的角度看，這些都是值得研究的地方。本文以都昌縣城話的田野調查材料爲基礎，對都昌方言的全濁聲母和次清聲母字今讀作全面概述，對都昌話“濁音”進行語音學分析，認爲其濁音是常態帶音和它的自由變體內爆音及鼻冠塞音。論文從近音化、流音化和擦音清化三方面探討了都昌濁音的演變。論文最後就都昌方言濁音性質和次清聲母讀同全濁問題作了一些討論。有一種觀點認爲，中古漢語古全濁聲母是弛聲，弛聲消失後低調變爲送氣清音，高調變爲不送氣清音。都昌方言古全濁聲母是常態帶聲，且全濁字和次清字聲母合流後不同調，上述假說無法解釋都昌話全濁聲母和次清聲母合流，必須尋求另外的解釋。
Extreme Precipitation on Consecutive Days Occurs More Often in a Warming Climate
Authors: Du Haibo , Donat Markus G. , Zong Shengwei , Alexander Lisa V. , Manzanas Rodrigo , Kruger Andries , Choi Gwangyong , Salinger Jim , He Hong S. , Li Mai-He , Fujibe Fumiaki , Nandintsetseg Banzragch , Rehman Shafiqur , Abbas Farhat , Rusticucci Matilde , Srivastava Arvind , Zhai Panmao , Lippmann Tanya , Yabi Ibouraïma , Stambaugh Michael C. , Wang Shengzhong , Batbold Altangerel , Oliveira Priscilla Teles de , Adrees Muhammad , Hou Wei , Silva Claudio Moises Santos e , Lucio Paulo Sergio , Wu Zhengfang
Published: December 2021

Extreme precipitation occurring on consecutive days may substantially increase the risk of related impacts, but changes in such events have not been studied at a global scale. Here we use a unique global dataset based on in situ observations and multimodel historical and future simulations to analyze the changes in the frequency of extreme precipitation on consecutive days (EPCD). We further disentangle the relative contributions of variations in precipitation intensity and temporal correlation of extreme precipitation to understand the processes that drive the changes in EPCD. Observations and climate model simulations show that the frequency of EPCD is increasing in most land regions, in particular, in North America, Europe, and the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. These increases are primarily a consequence of increasing precipitation intensity, but changes in the temporal correlation of extreme precipitation regionally amplify or reduce the effects of intensity changes. Changes are larger in simulations with a stronger warming signal, suggesting that further increases in EPCD are expected for the future under continued climate warming.
The Increasing Role of Vegetation Transpiration in Soil Moisture Loss across China under Global Warming
Authors: Li Mingxing , Wu Peili , Ma Zhuguo , Pan Zhihua , Lv Meixia , Yang Qing , Duan Yawen
Published: December 2021

Changing pathways of soil moisture loss, either directly from soil (evaporation) or indirectly through vegetation (transpiration), are an indicator of ecosystem and land hydrological cycle responses to the changing climate. Based on the ratio of transpiration to evaporation, this paper investigates soil moisture loss pathway changes across China using five reanalysis-type datasets for the past and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate projections for the future. The results show that across China, the ratio of vegetation transpiration to soil evaporation has generally increased across vegetated land areas, except in grasslands and croplands in north China. During 1981–2014, there was an increase by 51.4 percentage points (pps,p< 0.01) on average according to the reanalyses and by 42.7 pps according to 13 CMIP6 models. The CMIP6 projections suggest that the holistic increasing trend will continue into the twenty-first century at a rate of 40.8 pps for SSP585, 30.6 pps for SSP245, and −1.0 pps for SSP126 shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios for the period 2015–2100 relative to 1981–2014. Major contributions come from the increases in vegetation transpiration over the semiarid and subhumid grasslands, croplands, and forestlands under the influence of increasing temperatures and prolonged growing seasons (with twin peaks in May and October). The future increasing vegetation transpiration ratio in soil moisture loss implies the potential of regional greening across China under global warming and the risks of intensifying land surface dryness and altering the coupling between soil moisture and climate in regions with water-limited ecosystems.