bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plaintiff life‐taking: the effect of mock juror attitudes toward suicide on assignment of negligence and damages in a civil suit
Authors: Worthington Debra L.
Published: September 2004

Social scientific and legal scholars have examined the potential of a variety of case‐relevant biases to distort juror decision‐making (inter alia, death penalty attitudes, attitudes toward corporations, attitudes toward physicians, etc.). However, previous research has yet to address empirically the impact of attitudes toward suicide on juror decision‐making. This study sought to examine the impact of mock juror's attitudes toward, and experiences with, suicide on assignment of negligence and damages in a civil suit. While results suggest that mock juror attitudes toward suicide do not directly affect a juror's assignment of negligence or damage awards, they do suggest that jurors may be susceptible to a reactance effect. As a result, attorneys should exercise caution when considering whether to directly address issues of possible plaintiff suicide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationships among clinical depression, suicide, and other actions that may hasten death
Authors: Werth James L.
Published: September 2004

Clinical depression and other psychological disorders have been associated with suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths. Because of the link between suicide and mental illness, whenever discussion of “assisted suicide” arises, the possibility that major depression is affecting the decision arises. This article examines the literature on clinical depression as it relates to suicide, “assisted suicide,” and other decisions that will hasten death (i.e. withholding and withdrawing treatment, terminal sedation, and voluntarily stopping eating and drinking). Ethical and legal considerations when working with individuals who are considering taking an action that would hasten death are also briefly reviewed. The article ends with practice and policy recommendations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coercive treatment for drug misuse: a dialogical juncture
Authors: Horrocks Christine , Barker Val , Kelly Nancy , Robinson Dave
Published: September 2004

This article adopts a ‘dialogical’ relational perspective to explore the recently introduced initiative of coercive treatment for drug misuse in the UK. Conversational interviews were undertaken with 11 people who had been sentenced to the Drug Treatment and Testing Order. Receiving treatment for drug misuse is often storied within a motivational account that is expectant of a ‘readiness to change’; such assumptions seem theoretically problematic when change is legally imposed. Therefore, moral and ethical concerns surround the introduction of this initiative, however the interview data illustrates the potential that participation might offer for the creation of ‘counterstories’ where a more moral self can be enacted. Our analysis suggests that this counterstory is co‐constructed thus being an outcome of both self and other. Furthermore such stories appear fragile; constantly under assault from detrimental authoritative discourses that are not only part of wider social understandings around drug misuse but also permeate the policy and practice of coercive treatment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of Golgi Mannosidase II with Mannostatin A Analogues: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: Li Bing , Kawatkar Sameer P. , George Shaji , Strachan Heather , Woods Robert J. , Siriwardena Aloysius , Moremen Kelley W. , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: September 2004

Mannostatin and aminocyclopentitetrol analogues with various substitutions at the amino function were synthesized. These compounds were tested as inhibitors of human Golgi and lysosomal α‐mannosidases. Modification of the amine of mannostatin had only marginal effects, whereas similar modifications of aminocyclopentitetrol led to significantly improved inhibitors. Ab initio calculations and molecular docking studies were employed to rationalize the results. It was found that mannostatin and aminocyclopentitretrol could bind to Golgi α‐mannosidase II in a similar mode to that of the known inhibitor swainsonine. However, due to the flexibility of the five‐membered rings of these compounds, additional low‐energy binding modes could be adopted. These binding modes may be relevant for the improved activities of the benzyl‐substituted compounds. The thiomethyl moiety of mannostatin was predicted to make favorable hydrophobic interactions with Arg228 and Tyr727 that would possibly account for its greater inhibitory activity.
Mass Transfer Investigation of Liquid Membrane Transport of Gold (III) by Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Mobile Carrier
Authors: Kargari A. , Kaghazchi T. , Soleimani M.
Published: September 2004

Extraction of AuIII ions by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) system with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as the mobile carrier and also liquid‐liquid extraction of AuIII from aqueous solutions have been studied. Experiments on the transport of the gold ions in a liquid‐liquid extraction system and stripping of the extracted ions from the organic phase as well as the extraction by a three‐phase W/O/W emulsion liquid membrane system have been performed. The results showed that even when the distribution coefficient of the diffusing species in the phases is small, the extraction by emulsion liquid membranes would be an effective process. A first‐order extraction rate was proposed and examined for the extraction system.
A Novel Granulation Technology for Producing Spherical Wax Particles
Authors: Fang J.‐Y. , Xi Y.‐Z. , Wang T.‐J. , Jin Y.
Published: September 2004

A novel granulation technology for producing spherical wax particles that makes use of the insolubility of wax and water is developed. The granulation is stably performed in a granulator with a water‐cooling tower. The granulation process is analyzed and the influences of key factors on the process are studied. Experiments are carried out with 58# semi‐refined wax and 70# crystallitic wax in an experimental granulator which has 118 nozzles (Di = 0.96 mm, Do = 1.28 mm). The process capacity and the corresponding particle diameter are 55–60 kg/h and 4–5 mm, respectively. Using the modified correlation of Scheele and Meister, suitable operation flow rates and the corresponding particle diameters for different nozzles can be predicted. This technology has the following advantages: good particle shape with excellent fluidity, high process capacity and heat‐transfer efficiency, and a small space for the granulator. It is also suitable for producing spherical particles of other materials, which have similar physical properties to wax.
Dynamic On‐Line Reoptimization Control of a Batch MMA Polymerization Reactor Using Hybrid Neural Network Models
Authors: Tian Y. , Zhang J. , Morris J.
Published: September 2004

A hybrid neural network model based on‐line reoptimization control strategy is developed for a batch polymerization reactor. To address the difficulties in batch polymerization reactor modeling, the hybrid neural network model contains a simplified mechanistic model covering material balance assuming perfect temperature control, and recurrent neural networks modeling the residuals of the simplified mechanistic model due to imperfect temperature control. This hybrid neural network model is used to calculate the optimal control policy. A difficulty in the optimal control of batch polymerization reactors is that the optimization effort can be seriously hampered by unknown disturbances such as reactive impurities and reactor fouling. With the presence of an unknown amount of reactive impurities, the off‐line calculated optimal control profile will be no longer optimal. To address this issue, a strategy combining on‐line reactive impurity estimation and on‐line reoptimization is proposed in this paper. The amount of reactive impurities is estimated on‐line during the early stage of a batch by using a neural network based inverse model. Based on the estimated amount of reactive impurities, on‐line reoptimization is then applied to calculate the optimal reactor temperature profile for the remaining time period of the batch reactor operation. This approach is illustrated on the optimization control of a simulated batch methyl methacrylate polymerization process.
Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Synthesis of Novel Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues with Antitumoral Activity
Authors: Velcicky Juraj , Lanver Andreas , Lex Johann , Prokop Aram , Wieder Thomas , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: September 2004

A diversity‐oriented, enantioselective synthesis of new (monoprotected) carbocyclic nucleoside analogues (CNAs) with the nucleobase attached to a 3‐hydroxymethyl‐4‐trialkylsilyloxymethylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐yl scaffold was developed. As a key intermediate, racemic (5SR,8RS)‐8‐allyloxy‐2‐trimethylsilyl‐7‐oxa‐bicyclo[3.3.0]‐oct‐1‐en‐3‐one was prepared from 1,1‐diallyloxy‐3‐trimethylsilyl‐2‐propyne in a cobalt‐mediated Pauson–Khand reaction. The enantiomerically pure material was obtained through efficient kinetic resolution (selectivity factor s≥40 at −78 °C) by means of an oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed borane reduction (CBS reduction) with catecholborane. The absolute configuration of the resolved products was determined by CD spectroscopy, Mosher ester analysis, and chemical correlation. Subsequent steps involve diastereoselective ketone reduction and fully regio‐ and diastereoselective introduction of the nucleobase through Pd0‐catalyzed allylic substitution. The generality of the method was demonstrated by preparation of CNAs in both enantiomeric series with all five natural nucleobases, as well as 5‐bromouracil, 5‐fluorouracil, and 6‐chloropurine. Screening of the various compounds in a cytotoxicity assay with BJAB and ALL tumor cell lines revealed that some of the compounds possess pronounced antitumoral properties (LD50 values down to 9 μM, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase release after 48 h). By measuring DNA fragmentation, it could be shown that the activity results from induction of apoptosis.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanosized ZnGa2O4 Phosphors.
Authors: Wu She‐huang , Cheng Hui‐Chieh
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Lead‐Tin‐Rare Earth Alloy for VRLA Batteries.
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Bao , Liu Hou‐Tian , Cai Wen‐Bin , Wang Ao‐Sheng , Fan Hai‐Ying
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three‐Dimensional Mn/Fe Molybdenum(V) Phosphates.
Authors: du Peloux Charlotte , Mialane Pierre , Dolbecq Anne , Marrot Jerome , Varret Francois , Secheresse Francis
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Part 7. Intramolecular Chromium(II)‐Catalyzed Pinacol Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Methylene‐α,ω‐dicarbonyls.
Authors: Groth Ulrich , Jung Marc , Vogel Till
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some Novel γ‐Spirolactones.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Karimi Ali R. , Arefrad Hamedeh , Mohammadi Ali A. , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Investigation of the Alkylation Reactions of Hydroxy and En‐Oximes with Some Halohydrins and Epoxides.
Authors: Kurbanli Sultan , Sen Nejdet , Gueler Ersin , Kocak Ahmet
Published: September 2004

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Easy Access to Medium Rings by Entropy/Strain Reduction. Part 5. A Simple and Mild Route to Cyclohepta‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Byrne Louise A. , Furlong Patrick J. , Gilheany Declan G.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
S‐(2‐(Acylamino)phenyl) 2,2‐Dimethylpropanethioates as CETP Inhibitors.
Authors: Maeda Kimiya , Okamoto Hiroshi , Shinkai Hisashi
Published: September 2004

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Efficient Preparation of 2‐Azulenylboronate and Miyaura—Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Aryl Bromides for Easy Access to Poly(2‐azulenyl)benzenes.
Authors: Ito Shunji , Terazono Tomomi , Kubo Takahiro , Okujima Tetsuo , Morita Noboru , Murafuji Toshihiro , Sugihara Yoshikazu , Fujimori Kunihide , Kawakami Jun , Tajiri Akito
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trifluoromethyl‐ and Difluoromethyl‐β‐lactams as Useful Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Acids, Dipeptides, and Fluoro‐Taxoids.
Authors: Kuznetsova Larisa , Ungureanu Ioana Maria , Pepe Antonella , Zanardi Ilaria , Wu Xinyuan , Ojima Iwao
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted‐trans‐2,3‐dihydrofurans.
Authors: Cao Weiguo , Ding Weiyu , Chen Jie , Chen Yali , Zang Qin , Chen Guodong
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Nonpeptidic Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Protease Obtained via a New Multicomponent Chemistry Strategy.
Authors: Yehia Nasser A. M. , Antuch Walfrido , Beck Barbara , Hess Sibylle , Schauer‐Vukasinovic Vesna , Almstetter Michael , Furer Patrick , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Doemling Alexander
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrooxidative Coupling of Furans and Silyl Enol Ethers: Application to the Synthesis of Annulated Furans.
Authors: Sperry Jeffrey B. , Whitehead Christopher R. , Ghiviriga Ion , Walczak Ryan M. , Wright Dennis L
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peripheral Substituents of Di(pyridiumyl)porphyrins Affected on Their Interactions with DNA.
Authors: Wu Song , Wang Ping , Tian Tian , Wu Lin , He Hanping , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Xiaolian , Cao Xiaoping
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
O‐Acylation of 3‐Methylpyrazol‐5‐ones with Acylisothiocyanates.
Authors: Vovk Mykhaylo V. , Bol'but Andrij V. , Lebed' Pavlo S.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Monoimidazole/Polyamine Amides.
Authors: Zhu Changjin , Jiang Yanfeng , Zhao Yufen
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxazolidinone: Search for Highly Potent Antibacterial.
Authors: Lohray Braj Bhushan , Lohray Vidya Bhushan , Srivastava Brijesh Kumar , Gupta Sunil , Solanki Manish , Kapadnis Prashant , Takale Vijay , Pandya Purvi
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 6‐(2′,3′,4′,5′,6′‐Pentafluorophenyl)‐δ‐lactones via “Allyl” Boranes: Application for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Analogue of Key Pharmacophore of Statin Drugs.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Padiya Kamlesh J. , Rauniyar Vivek , Reddy M. Venkat Ram , Brown Herbert C.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines Endowed with A431 Antiproliferative Activity and Inhibitory Properties of Src Phosphorylation.
Authors: Schenone S. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

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Stabilization of (N‐Methyleneamino)imidoylketenes: Synthesis of Dipyrazolo[1,2‐a;1′,2′‐d][1,2,4,5]tetrazines.
Authors: Lisowskaya Natalie A. , Maslivets Andrei N. , Aliev Zainutdin G.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Selective Intra‐ and Intermolecular Coupling Reactions of Diazo Compounds to Form cis‐Alkenes Using a Ruthenium Porphyrin Catalyst.
Authors: Li Gong‐Yong , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: September 2004

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Electrosynthesis of Ethyl α,α‐Difluoro‐α‐(phenylseleno)acetate and Its Photochemical Synthetic Application.
Authors: Murakami Satoru , Ishii Hideki , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: September 2004

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Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α‐Silylvinyl Tellurides via the Hydrozirconation Reaction of Alkynylsilanes.
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Huang Jiadi
Published: September 2004

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Photostimulated Reactions of Vinyl Phosphate Esters with Triorganostannides. Evidence for an SRN1 Vinylic Mechanism.
Authors: Chopa Alicia B. , Dorn Viviana B. , Badajoz Mercedes A. , Lockhart Maria T.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Decarboxylative Glycosylation Promoted by Hafnium(IV) Trifluoromethanesulfonate: β‐Selective Glycosylation via a Mixed Carbonate of an Acyl‐Protected Donor Sugar.
Authors: Azumaya Isao , Kotani Masaomi , Ikegami Shiro
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Enantiopure Ferrugininoids Active as Nicotinic Agents: Synthesis and Radioligand Binding Studies.
Authors: Seifert S. , Stehl A. , Tilotta M. C. , Guendisch D. , Seitz G.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3‐26,23‐Lactams (DLAMs), a Novel Series of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Antagonist.
Authors: Kato Yuko , Nakano Yusuke , Sano Hiroko , Tanatani Aya , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Shimazawa Rumiko , Koshino Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Yuichi , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Salinosporamide A.
Authors: Reddy Leleti Rajender , Saravanan P. , Corey E. J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a Piceatannol Analogue: Replacement of Hydroxy Group with Amide Functionality.
Authors: Venkatachalam T. K. , Huang H. , Yu G. , Uckun F. M.
Published: September 2004

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Novel Factor Xa Inhibitors Based on a Benzoic Acid Scaffold and Incorporating a Neutral P1 Ligand.
Authors: Will David W. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Influence of Rare Earth Sc and La to the Luminescent Properties of FED Blue Phosphor Y2SiO5:Ce.
Authors: Jiao Huan , Liao Fuhui , Tian Shujian , Jing Xiping
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lead Difluoride and Related Systems
Authors: Buchinskaya I. I. , Fedorov P. P.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zinc
Authors: Archibald S. J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Advances in the Functionalizations of the Upper Rims of Thiacalix[4]arenes
Authors: Parola Stephane , Desroches Cedric
Published: September 2004

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Organic Polyradical Magnetic Nanoclusters
Authors: Rajca Andrzej
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereocontrol in Organic Synthesis Using Silicon‐Containing Compounds. Studies Directed Towards the Synthesis of Ebelactone A
Authors: Archibald Sarah C. , Barden David J. , Bazin Jerome F. Y. , Fleming Ian , Foster Colin F. , Mandal Ajay K. , Mandal Amit K. , Parker David , Takaki Ken , Ware Anne C. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Luminescence Properties of Organometallic/Coordination Oligomers and Polymers Containing Diphosphine and Diisocyanide Assembling Ligands: Comparison Between Mononuclear Model Complexes and Polymers
Authors: Harvey Pierre D.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A5[Fe3O6] (A: Rb, Cs), Cs[FeO2] and Cs8[Fe2O7]: New Oxoferrates of the Heavy Alkaline Metals.
Authors: Frisch Gero , Roehr Caroline
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Composition—Structure Relationships in Polar Intermetallics: Experimental and Theoretical Studies of LaNi1+xAl6‐x (x = 0.44).
Authors: Gout Delphine , Benbow Evan , Gourdon Olivier , Miller Gordon J.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thiocyanates of Nickel and Caesium: Cs2NiAg2(SCN)6×2H2O and CsNi(SCN)3.
Authors: Fleck Michel
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rubidium Metaborate, Rb3B3O6.
Authors: Schmid Sabine , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spin Reorientation Associated with a Structural Transition in the Iron Oxycarbonate Sr4Fe2O6CO3.
Authors: Breard Y. , Michel C. , Hervieu M. , Nguyen N. , Ducouret A. , Hardy V. , Maignan A. , Raveau B. , Bouree F. , Andre G.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Growth, Optical Properties Measurement, and Theoretical Calculation of BPO4.
Authors: Li Zhihua , Lin Zheshuai , Wu Yicheng , Fu Peizhen , Wang Zhizhong , Chen Chuangtian
Published: September 2004

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Tunable Visible Photoluminescence from ZnO Thin Films Through Mg‐Doping and Annealing.
Authors: Fujihara Shinobu , Ogawa Yusuke , Kasai Asayo
Published: September 2004

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Charge Transport in Weakly Coupled CoPt3 Nanocrystal Assemblies.
Authors: Beecher Paul , Quinn Aidan J. , Shevchenko Elena V. , Weller Horst , Redmond Gareth
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Behavior of Thin Ta3N5 Semiconductor Film.
Authors: Ishikawa Akio , Takata Tsuyoshi , Kondo Junko N. , Hara Michikazu , Domen Kazunari
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polyphosphate Ions Encapsulated in Oxothiomolybdate Rings: Synthesis, Structure, and Behavior in Solution.
Authors: Cadot Emmanuel , Pouet Marie‐Jose , Robert‐Labarre Chantal , du Peloux Charlotte , Marrot Jerome , Secheresse Francis
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Alkenylzirconium Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Rhodium Complexes.
Authors: Oi Shuichi , Sato Takashi , Inoue Yoshio
Published: September 2004

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Facile Cleavage of Si—C Bonds During the Sol—Gel Hydrolysis of Aminomethyltrialkoxysilanes — A New Method for the Methylation of Primary Amines.
Authors: Adima Augustin , Bied Catherine , Moreau Joel J. E. , Wong Chi Man Michel
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols with [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Lee Jong Chan , Lee Ji Young , Lee Seung Jun
Published: September 2004

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Design of New Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts with Dual Functions for Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Ohara Daisuke , Tamura Masazumi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: September 2004

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Formation of Enamides via Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Vinyl Transfer from Vinyl Ethers to Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: Brice Jodie L. , Meerdink James E. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fe2 (SO4)3×4H2O/Concentrated H2SO4: An Efficient Catalyst for Esterification.
Authors: Liang Yong‐min , Xu Qi‐hai , Wu Xiao‐li , Ma Yong‐xiang
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Carboxamides by LDA‐Catalyzed Haller—Bauer and Cannizzaro Reactions.
Authors: Ishihara Kazuaki , Yano Takayuki
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective sp2—sp2 Bond Formation via Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Vinylic Tellurides and 2‐Heteroarylzinc Chlorides.
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Alves Diego , Braga Antonio L. , Stefani Helio A. , Nogueira Cristina W.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(Thio)urea‐Functionalized Cavitands as Excellent Receptors for Organic Anions in Polar Media.
Authors: Oshovsky Gennady V. , Verboom Willem , Reinhoudt David N.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Allylation of Propargyl Acetates with Allylsilanes.
Authors: Schwier Todd , Rubin Michael , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lithium Amide Assisted Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of Menthyl Acetate with PMP‐Aldimines.
Authors: Hata Seiji , Iguchi Mayu , Iwasawa Tetsuo , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: September 2004

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Lanthanoid‐Promoted Ethylation of Schiff Bases by Triethylaluminum.
Authors: Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry , Gelman Dmitri , Molander Gary A. , Blum Jochanan
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Reaction of Organozinc Reagents with Trifluoroacylated Phosphonates: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with an Active Methylene Moiety.
Authors: Shen Yanchang , Ni Jiahong
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Unprecedented Rhodium‐Catalyzed Self‐Conjugate Reduction, Cross‐Coupling Tandem Reaction of Cinnamaldehydes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Zou Gang , Tang Jie
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of New Anthraquinone and Naphthohomobarrelene Derivatives.
Authors: Menzek Abdullah , Kazaz Cavit , Eryigit Feryat , Cengiz Mustafa
Published: September 2004

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Novel Conditions for the Julia—Colonna Epoxidation Reaction Providing Efficient Access to Chiral, Nonracemic Epoxides.
Authors: Geller Thomas , Gerlach Arne , Krueger Christa M. , Militzer H.‐Christian
Published: September 2004

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Design and Synthesis of Imidazolinium Salts Derived from (L)‐Valine. Investigation of Their Potential in Chiral Molecular Recognition.
Authors: Clavier Herve , Boulanger Loise , Audic Nicolas , Toupet Loic , Mauduit Marc , Guillemin Jean‐Claude
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unprecedented in situ Oxidative Ring Cleavage of Isoxazolidines: Diastereoselective Transformation of Nitronic Acids and Derivatives into 3‐Hydroxymethyl 4‐Nitro Tetrahydrofurans and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Roger Pierre‐Yves , Durand Anne‐Catherine , Rodriguez Jean , Dulcere Jean‐Pierre
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Substituted Pyridines and Purines Containing 2,4‐Thiazolidinedione.
Authors: Kim Bok Young , Ahn Joong Bok , Lee Hong Woo , Kang Sung Kwon , Lee Jung Hwa , Shin Jae Soo , Ahn Soon Kil , Hong Chung Il , Yoon Seung Soo
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Inhibitors. Part 3. 1‐Isoquinolinylguanidines.
Authors: Barber Christopher G. , Dickinson Roger P. , Fish Paul V.
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Monofluorinated Indolizines and Their Derivatives by the 1,3‐Dipolar Reaction of N‐Ylides with Fluorinated Vinyl Tosylates.
Authors: Fang Xiang , Wu Yong‐Ming , Deng Juan , Wang Shao‐Wu
Published: September 2004

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Heterocyclic Synthesis with Ethyl α‐(3‐Carbamoyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophen‐2‐ylhydrazono)acetates: An Expeditious Synthetic Approach to Polyfunctionally Substituted Pyran, Pyridine, and Pyridazine Derivatives.
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Sherif Sherif M. , Gaber Hatem M. , Ghabrial Sami S. , Aziz Susan I.
Published: September 2004

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4‐Metalated Condensed Pyrimidines: Their Preparation and Reaction with Aldehydes under Barbier‐Type Conditions.
Authors: Therkelsen Frans D. , Rottlaender Mario , Thorup Niels , Pedersen Erik Bjerregaard
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing 15‐Membered Triacetylenic Macrocycles. Stable Complex with Palladium(0).
Authors: Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna , Torrent Anna , Moreno‐Manas Marcial , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Nitrazepame. Amination of 2‐(2‐Chloroacetamido)‐5‐nitrobenzophenone with Hexamethylenetetramine.
Authors: Anikeev V. N. , Petrunin A. I. , Kilin M. T. , Guss F. V.
Published: September 2004

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Novel Organogermanium Compounds via Metalation of 3‐Trimethylsilyl‐3‐ethoxycarbonylcyclopropene Derivatives.
Authors: Zrinski Irena , Novak‐Coumbassa Nana , Eckert‐Maksic Mirjana
Published: September 2004

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A Novel 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic Acid Analogue as a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2.
Authors: Vicker Nigel , Su Xiangdong , Lawrence Harshani , Cruttenden Adrian , Purohit Atul , Reed Michael J. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: September 2004

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An Alternative Preparation of Steroidal Δ4‐3,6‐Diones.
Authors: Kiran Ismail , Hanson James R.
Published: September 2004

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Synthesis of Quaternary Amino Acids Bearing a (2′Z)‐Fluorovinyl α‐Branch: Potential PLP Enzyme Inactivators.
Authors: Berkowitz David B. , de la Salud‐Bea Roberto , Jahng Wan‐Jin
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Expeditious Route to N‐Acetyl‐D‐galactosamine from N‐Acetyl‐D‐glucosamine Based on the Selective Protection of Hydroxy Groups.
Authors: Ito Naoyuki , Tokuda Yoshihide , Ohba Shigeru , Sugai Takeshi
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Halichlorine.
Authors: Hayakawa Ichiro , Arimoto Hirokazu , Uemura Daisuke
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4 Nanowires Encapsulated in Carbon Microtubes.
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Zhang Wanqun , Ding Yanwei , Peng Yiya , Zhang Shuyuan , Yu Weichao , Qian Yitai
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polyoxometalates: Reactivity
Authors: Hill C. L.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phenyliodonium Derivatives of N‐Heterocycles and CH‐Acids, Their Synthesis, and Their Use in the Chemistry of Heterocycles
Authors: Neilands O.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
De novo Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines
Authors: Henry Gavin D.
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Naturally Occurring Nanomolecules, Tannins — Their Structures and Functions
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Hatano Tsutomu , Ito Hideyuki
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Analysis and Its Application for Prevention of Side‐Effects of Drugs and for Evaluation of Drug Responsiveness
Authors: Inoue Kazuyuki
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Overview of Forty Years Organotin Chemistry Developed at the Free Universities of Brussels ULB and VUB
Authors: Gielen Marcel
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Allylic Substitutions in Natural Products Synthesis
Authors: Helmchen Guenter , Ernst Martin , Paradies Gesa
Published: September 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pretreatment probability model for predicting outcome after intraarterial chemoradiation for advanced head and neck carcinoma
Authors: van den Broek Guido B. , Rasch Coen R. N. , Pameijer Frank A. , Peter Ellen , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Tan I. Bing , Schornagel Jan H. , de Bois Josien A. , Zijp Lambert J. , Balm Alfons J. M.
Published: September 2004

BACKGROUND

Concurrent chemoradiation is being used increasingly to treat patients with advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma. In the current study, a clinical nomogram was developed to predict local control and overall survival rates for individual patients who will undergo chemoradiation.

METHODS

Ninety‐two consecutive patients with UICC TNM Stage III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and supraglottic larynx were treated with selective‐targeted chemoradiation (acronym: RADPLAT). All living patients had a minimum follow‐up of 2 years. In addition to general factors, the following parameters were analyzed in a multivariable analysis: primary tumor volume, lymph node tumor volume, total tumor volume, lowest involved neck level, comorbidity, pretreatment hemoglobin level, pretreatment weight loss, and unilateral/bilateral intraarterial infusion. Relevant factors for local control and survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

At 5 years, the local control and overall survival rates for the whole group were 60% and 38%, respectively. Primary tumor volume (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03;P= 0.01) and unilateral infusion (HR, 5.05;P= 0.004) were found to influence local control significantly. Using tumor volume as a continuous variable, an adjusted risk ratio of 1.026 was found, indicating that each 1‐cm3increase in volume was associated with a 2.6% decrease in probability of local control. Primary tumor volume (HR, 1.01;P= 0.003), comorbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status 1 vs. > 1; HR, 2.47;P= 0.01), lowest involved neck level (HR, 3.45;P= 0.007), and pretreatment weight loss > 10% (HR, 2.04;P= 0.02) were found to be significant predictors of worse overall survival. Variables from the multivariable analysis were used to develop a nomogram capable of predicting local control and overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor volume was found to play a significant role in predicting local control and overall survival in patients with advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma who were treated with targeted chemoradiation. The nomograms may be useful for pretreatment selection of patients with advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Under use of necessary care among cancer survivors
Authors: Earle Craig C. , Neville Bridget A.
Published: September 2004

Comorbid conditions are the major threat to life for many cancer survivors, yet little is known about the quality of the noncancer‐related health care they receive. The authors analyzed the Medicare claims of 14,884 Medicare‐eligible, 5‐year colorectal carcinoma survivors who were diagnosed initially while they lived in a region monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and compared them with matched controls who had no history of cancer drawn from the Medicare 5% sample. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, cancer survivorship was associated with an increased likelihood of not receiving recommended care across a broad range of chronic medical conditions (odds ratio, 1.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.27). For example, colorectal carcinoma survivors were less likely than controls to receive appropriate follow‐up for heart failure, necessary diabetic care, or recommended preventive services. Having both primary care physicians and oncologists involved in follow‐up appeared to ameliorate this effect significantly. African‐American, poor, and elderly patients were less likely to receive necessary care in both groups. Whether it was due to patient factors, physician factors, or both, cancer survivors appear to be a vulnerable patient population, because their cancer diagnosis may shift attention away from important noncancer problems and providers. In addition, there may be lack of clarity around the relative roles primary care and specialist physicians will play in a survivor's care. Special attention and education are needed to ensure that survivors receive optimal medical services. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Epoetin alfa improves quality of life in patients with cancer
Authors: Jones Michael , Schenkel Brad , Just Julie , Fallowfield Lesley
Published: September 2004

BACKGROUND

Anemia in patients with cancer causes fatigue, weakness, and impaired concentration, negatively impacting quality of life (QOL). In clinical trials involving patients with cancer who had varied characteristics, it has been shown that epoetin alfa treatment increased hemoglobin levels and improved QOL. A systematic review and metaanalysis of data from those trials was conducted to summarize existing knowledge on the role of epoetin alfa in improving QOL for anemic patients with cancer.

METHODS

The Cochrane Library and other data bases were searched for published and unpublished, randomized/controlled and single‐arm studies that included ≥ 20 patients with cancer per arm, epoetin alfa treatment, and QOL assessment by Cancer Linear Assessment Score (CLAS), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) scale, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, and/or Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) scale.

RESULTS

Among 11,459 patients from 23 trials, epoetin alfa and control cohorts were indistinguishable (with regard to demographic, clinical, QOL variables) at baseline. Epoetin alfa improved CLAS (20–25%), FACT‐Fatigue (17%), and FACT‐Anemia (12%) scores (P = 0.05). ECOG scores worsened for control cohorts (P = 0.05); epoetin alfa cohorts remained unchanged. Four of the SF‐36 subscales, Physical Function, Role Physical, Vitality, and Social Function, improved with epoetin alfa (P = 0.05). Results adjusted for confounding factors remained consistent.

CONCLUSIONS

This metaanalysis confirmed that epoetin alfa improves QOL significantly in patients with cancer, emphasizing the need to manage anemia in this population. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
A simple mushroom body in an African scarabid beetle
Authors: Larsson Mattias C. , Hansson Bill S. , Strausfeld Nicholas J.
Published: September 2004

This account describes novel mushroom body organization in a coleopteran insect, the African fruit chafer Pachnoda marginata. Each of its prominent mushroom bodies possesses a pair of simple calyces comprising two populations of Kenyon cells, the dendrites of which are organized into a central and an annular zone. Kenyon cells of the central zone extend their dendrites downward and toward the perimeter of the calyx. Their axon‐like processes in the pedunculus are densely packed to make up a distinctive shaft of neuropil. Toward the front of the brain, the shafts, one from each calyx, bifurcate to provide a pair of subdivisions in the medial and vertical lobes. Dendrites of Kenyon cells supplying the annular zone extend from the calyx perimeter toward its center. Axons from the annular zones of both calyces together provide a sleeve of axons that ensheaths the two shafts. Sleeve axons bifurcate to provide a second pair of divisions in each of the lobes. These arrangements provide each lobe with a discrete representation of the two Kenyon cell populations of the two calyces. Kenyon cells supplying the central zone have dendritic morphologies reminiscent of class II clawed Kenyon cells that supply the γ lobes in other taxa. Kenyon cells supplying axons to the sleeve are suggestive of class III Kenyon cell morphologies described from cockroaches and termites. Elaborate intrinsic neurons, comparable to exotic intrinsic neurons in the honey bee γ lobes, have processes that interact with shaft axons. The present observations suggest that mushroom bodies of Pachnoda represent either a basal organization entirely lacking class I Kenyon cells or an evolutionary modification in which there is no clear morphological distinction of class I and II Kenyon cells. In either case, cellular organization in Pachnoda's mushroom body is simple compared with that of other taxa. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:219–232, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of cadherins in the developing and adult zebrafish olfactory system
Authors: Liu Qin , Marrs James A. , Azodi Elaheh , Kerstetter Amber E. , Babb Sherry G. , Hashmi Lala
Published: September 2004

Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules that play important roles in development of a variety of tissues and maintenance of adult structures. Although cadherin expression has been studied in detail in the central nervous system of several vertebrate species, little is known of their distribution in the developing and adult olfactory structures, and there is no published report, to our knowledge, of cadherin expression in fish olfactory system. In this study, we examined expression patterns of three cadherins, cadherin‐1 (E‐cadherin), cadherin‐2 (N‐cadherin), and cadherin‐4 (R‐cadherin), in the olfactory system of developing and adult zebrafish by using both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical methods. Cadherin‐1 is detected in the newly formed olfactory placode, and its expression is maintained in the developing and adult olfactory epithelium and olfactory nerve. Cadherin‐2 is expressed in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve, and olfactory bulb of the embryonic and larval zebrafish, and its expression is reduced in the adult olfactory system. In contrast to the cadherin‐1 and cadherin‐2 expression, cadherin‐4 is not found in the olfactory epithelium, but it is detected in the larval and adult olfactory bulb, in the olfactory tract, and its targets in the telencephalon. We hypothesize that the differential expression of these three cadherins in the developing zebrafish major olfactory structures reflects functionally different roles in the development of the vertebrate olfactory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:269–281, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statical shakedown analysis with temperature‐dependent yield condition
Authors: Heitzer M.
Published: September 2004

This paper describes a general statical approach for shakedown analysis of structures of perfectly plastic material using non‐linear optimization. The developed methods may be implemented with any displacement‐based finite element code. The temperature‐dependence of the yield limit is taken into account in shakedown analysis. Temperature‐dependent shakedown analysis of a pipe‐junction and a thick tube are performed by different methods. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of resource synchronization in a dynamic real‐time distributed computing environment
Authors: Zhang Chen , Cordes David
Published: September 2004

Today, more and more distributed computer applications are being modeled and constructed using real‐time principles and concepts. In 1989, the Object Management Group (OMG) formed a Real‐Time Special Interest Group (RT SIG) with the goal of extending the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard to include real‐time specifications. This group's most recent efforts have focused on the requirements of dynamic distributed real‐time systems.

One open problem in this area is resource access synchronization for tasks employing dynamic priority scheduling. This paper presents two resource synchronization protocols that the authors have developed which meet the requirements of dynamic distributed real‐time systems as specified by Dynamic Scheduling Real‐Time CORBA (DSRT CORBA). The proposed protocols can be applied to both Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Least Laxity First (LLF) dynamic scheduling algorithms, allow distributed nested critical sections, and avoid unnecessary runtime overhead. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocols, we analyzed each protocol's schedulability. Since the schedulability of the system is affected by numerous system configuration parameters, we have designed simulation experiments to isolate and illustrate the impact of each individual system parameter. Simulation experiments show the proposed protocols have better performance than one would realize by applying a schema that utilizes dynamic priority ceiling update. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How can you help organizations change to meet the corporate responsibility agenda?
Authors: Lyon David
Published: September 2004

As corporate responsibility (CR) has developed over the past decade, companies have developed and communicated their formal values relating to environment, employees, stakeholders and governance through public statements. Many of these companies have produced formal reports covering their performance on environmental and social issues. Continued improvement and delivery of commitments depends on buy‐in not just from senior management (and the CR manager), but from managers and staff across the organization. This is only possible if there is a culture that is supportive of corporate responsibility.
One key aspect of making this change is understanding how the company's culture affects corporate responsibility performance. This paper discusses some areas of organizational culture that affect CR performance including rewards and recognition, learning and managing change, awareness and involvement, questioning culture and flexibility underpinned by mutual respect. It also provides an overview of our approach for assessing and fostering a supportive culture. This is based on working with clients to manage their licence to operate in addition to extensive experience in innovation culture and safety culture. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Does stewardship travel well? Benchmarking accreditation and certification
Authors: Skinner Elizabeth , Font Xavier , Sanabria Ronald
Published: September 2004

This article reports on the benchmarking of organizational structure, governance and finances of accreditation in a number of industries and certification programs in tourism, as part of the research on the feasibility and desirability of a Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council. There are a variety of governance structures widely accepted and potentially transferable to new accreditation bodies, with the biggest changes coming in the form of outsourcing the accreditation function from standard setting and compliance with ISO guides. Financial benchmarking has shown great weaknesses in the sector, over‐relying on seed funding from donors and the general inability of the sector to be self‐financing, which casts a shadow over the long term survival of accreditation in its present form. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Uncertainty and equivocality in the commercial and natural environments: the implications for organizational design
Authors: Lewis Gerard J.
Published: September 2004

Organizations process information to reduce uncertainty and equivocality. The organization's structure and its systems determine the amount and quality of information provided to executives. By analysing how executives perceive uncertainty and equivocality in their business contexts, it is possible to show how organizations should be designed in order to effectively process information.

 The research shows how executives' perceptions of environmental uncertainty and equivocality differ across industries and countries in both the natural and commercial environments. The target sample consists of executives from the German (n = 92) and UK (n = 198) textile industries and the German food industry (n = 117). The data have been obtained using research instruments adapted and developed by the author.

 The findings have significant implications for how organizations should be designed (i.e. structures and systems) in order to process commercial and environmental information. Furthermore, the findings also highlight organizational differences between countries (Germany and UK) and between industries (food and textile). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.