bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation ofBartonella washoensisfrom a Dog with Mitral Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Chomel Bruno B. , Wey Aaron C. , Kasten Rickie W.
Published: November 2003

We report the first documented case ofBartonella washoensisbacteremia in a dog with mitral valve endocarditis.B. washoensiswas isolated in 1995 from a human patient with cardiac disease. The main reservoir species appears to be ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) in the western United States. Based on echocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of infective vegetative valvular mitral endocarditis was made in a spayed 12-year-old female Doberman pinscher. A year prior to presentation, the referring veterinarian had detected a heart murmur, which led to progressive dyspnea and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure the week before examination. One month after initial presentation, symptoms worsened. An emergency therapy for congestive heart failure was unsuccessfully implemented, and necropsy evaluation of the dog was not permitted. Indirect immunofluorescence tests showed that the dog was strongly seropositive (titer of 1:4,096) for severalBartonellaantigens (B. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii,B. clarridgeiae, andB. henselae), highly suggestive ofBartonellaendocarditis. Standard aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic cultures were negative. However, a specific blood culture forBartonellaisolation grew a fastidious, gram-negative organism 7 days after being plated. Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of the isolate, including partial sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA),groEL, and 16S rRNA genes, indicated that this organism was identical toB. washoensis. The dog was seronegative for all tick-borne pathogens tested (Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Ehrlichia canis, andRickettsia rickettsii), but the sample was highly positive forB. washoensis(titer of 1:8,192) and, according to indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay, weakly positive for phase IICoxiella burnetiiinfection.
QUINTESSENTIAL INFLATION WITHOUT A POTENTIAL
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-DÍAZ PEDRO F.
Published: November 2003

Based on recently proposed unified models for dark matter and energy which are constructed by introducing a generalized Chaplygin vacuum fluid, we suggest in this paper a new scenario for quintessential inflation which does not rely on the existence of a specific potential for the vacuum field, but on a generalization of the definition of the Hilbert–Einstein action for a massless scalar field conformally-coupled to gravity that contains an extra Lagrangian term for the generalized vacuum Chaplygin fluid and the corresponding new surface term.
ON SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING IN INTERSECTING BRANE MODELS
Authors: KLEIN MATTHIAS
Published: November 2003

We discuss a framework to analyze the transmission of supersymmetry breaking in models of intersecting D-branes. Generically, different intersections preserve different fractions of an extended bulk supersymmetry, thus breaking supersymmetry completely but in a nonlocal way. We analyze this mechanism in a 5D toy model where two brane intersections, which are separated in the fifth dimension, break different halves of an extended [Formula: see text] supersymmetry. The sector of the theory on one brane intersection feels the breakdown of the residual [Formula: see text] supersymmetry only through two-loop interactions involving a coupling to fields from the other intersection. We compute the diagrams that contribute to scalar masses on one intersection and find that the masses are proportional to the compactification scale up to logarithmic corrections. We also compute the three-loop diagrams relevant to the Casimir energy between the two intersections and find a repulsive Casimir force.
HOLOGRAPHIC THERMODYNAMICS ON THE BRANE IN TOPOLOGICAL REISSNER–NORDSTRÖM DE SITTER SPACE
Authors: SETARE M. R. , MANSOURI R.
Published: November 2003

We consider the brane universe in the bulk background of the topological Reissner–Nordström de Sitter black holes. We show that the thermodynamic quantities (including entropy) of the dual CFT take usual special forms expressed in terms of Hubble parameter and its time derivative at the moment, when the brane crosses the black hole horizon or the cosmological horizon. We obtain the generalized Cardy–Verlinde formula for the CFT with a charge and cosmological constant, for any values of the curvature parameter k in the Friedmann equations.
THE SCALAR FIELD IN EXTREME REISSNER–NORDSTRÖM–DE SITTER SPACE
Authors: GUO GUANG-HAI , GUI YUAN-XING , TIAN JIAN-XIANG
Published: November 2003

By generalizing the method of I. Brevik et al. the scalar field equation between the outer black hole horizon and the cosmological horizon in the extreme Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RNdS) geometry is solved. The field amplitude, as well as the potential, is shown graphically by introducing the "tangent" approximation, which is more exact than that used by I. Brevik et al., of the tortoise coordinate. There are two limiting cases of our special interest. The first one is when the cosmological horizon is very close to the outer horizon of the "black hole." The second one is when they are far apart. And the reflection and transmission coefficients are worked out in the two cases respectively.
SUDAKOV EXPANSIONS AT ONE-LOOP AND BEYOND FOR CHARGED SCALAR AND FERMION PAIR PRODUCTION IN SUSY MODELS AT FUTURE LINEAR COLLIDERS
Authors: BECCARIA MATTEO , MELLES MICHAEL , RENARD FERNAND M. , TRIMARCHI SALVATORE , VERZEGNASSI CLAUDIO
Published: November 2003

We consider the high energy behavior of the amplitudes for pair production of charged leptons, quarks, Higgs bosons, sleptons, squarks and charginos at lepton colliders. We give the general expressions of the leading quadratic and subleading linear logarithms that appear at the one-loop level, and derive the corresponding resummed expansions to subleading logarithmic order accuracy. Under the assumption of a relatively light SUSY scenario and choosing the MSSM as a specific model, we compare the predictions of the one-loop and of the resummed expansions at variable energy. We show that the two predictions are very close in the one TeV regime, but drastically differ in the few (2,3) TeV range.
BRST–ANTI-BRST SYMMETRIC CONVERSION OF SECOND-CLASS CONSTRAINTS
Authors: BATALIN I. A. , GRIGORIEV M. A.
Published: November 2003

A general method of the BRST–anti-BRST symmetric conversion of second-class constraints is presented. It yields a pair of commuting and nilpotent BRST-type charges that can be naturally regarded as BRST and anti-BRST ones. Interchanging the BRST and anti-BRST generators corresponds to a symmetry between the original second-class constraints and the conversion variables, which enter the formalism on equal footing.
WEAK RADIATIVE DECAYS OF BOTTOM BARYONS
Authors: MAITI A. K. , KOLA S. , BHATTACHARYYA D. P.
Published: November 2003

Weak radiative decays of charmed baryons into strange baryons induced by the electromagnetic Penguin, are estimated by using quark model approach. Heavy quark effective theory and poles are used to derive the branching ratios of [Formula: see text] and our calculated result is [Formula: see text]. The electromagnetic penguin contribution to Ωb → Ωγ is estimated by two methods and its calculated branching ratio is of the order ~ 10-5. Hence we conclude that weak radiative decays of bottom hadrons are dominated by the short-distance b → sγ mechanism.
ENERGY AND MOMENTUM ASSOCIATED WITH GÖDEL UNIVERSE
Authors: SHARIF M.
Published: November 2003

Using different prescriptions we calculate energy and momentum densities for stationary and nonstationary forms of Gödel universe. We find that the results are finite and well defined in all the complexes.
ON THE REVERSIBILITY OF TWIST-SPUN KNOTS
Authors: GORDON CAMERON MCA.
Published: November 2003

Litherland has shown that if a knot is (+)-amphicheiral then its m-twist-spin is reversible. We show that, for classical knots, in many cases the converse holds.
OCNEANU'S TRACE AND STARKEY'S RULE
Authors: GECK MEINOLF , JACON NICOLAS
Published: November 2003

We give a new simple proof for the weights of Ocneanu's trace on Iwahori–Hecke algebras of type A. This trace is used in the construction of the HOMFLYPT-polynomial of knots and links (which includes the famous Jones polynomial as a special case). Our main tool is Starkey's rule concerning the character tables of Iwahori–Hecke algebras of type A.
MERIDIONALLY INCOMPRESSIBLE SURFACES AND THE DISTANCE OF (1,1)-SPLITTINGS
Authors: SAITO TOSHIO
Published: November 2003

In this paper, we show that for any torus giving a (1,1)-splitting of (M,K), every closed orientable surface of genus g>0 which is meridionally incompressible can be isotoped to intersect the the splitting torus in a circle. As an application, we estimate the distance, which is defined in [16], of (1,1)-splittings of (1,1)-knots whose exteriors contain closed orientable meridionally incompressible surfaces.
PHOTOEMISSION STUDY OF THE GADOLINIUM/GaAs(100) INTERFACE WITH SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
Authors: XU SHIHONG , ZHANG FAPEI , LU ERDONG , YU XIAOJIANG , XU FAQIANG , XU CHANGSHANG , XU PENGSHOU , ZHANG XINYI
Published: November 2003

Soft-X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to characterize the Gd/GaAs(100)-interface formation at room temperature. At low Gd coverage (<1 Å), the interface is near-abrupt, because no evidence of reaction is observed. With increasing Gd coverage, photoemission signals from chemically reacted product at the interface are observed, causing some intermixing between the overlayer and the substrate. For As atoms, they remain near the interface and have little diffusion. Ga atoms, however, are not kept near the interface, and they can diffuse into the Gd overlayer and segregate onto the surface instead. From the observed variations with metal coverage of binding energies and relative intensities of photoemission signals from the reacted layer, a profile of the interface structure is proposed, and some parameters (decaying length, segregation density and solution density, etc.) have been obtained. The results show that the deposition of Gd onto the GaAs (100) surface induces limited substrate disruption except for some diffusion and segregation of Ga atoms into the metal overlayer. This paper demonstrates that the disruption and epitaxial growth are not mutually exclusive in the Gd / GaAs (100) system.
X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF THIN ZnO FILMS GROWN BY SINGLE SOURCE CVD ON Si(100)
Authors: KOCH M. H. , HARTMANN A. J. , LAMB R. N. , NEUBER M. , WALZ J. , GRUNZE M.
Published: November 2003

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis of early states of ZnO film growth on Si(100) by single source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been performed using basic zinc acetate as precursor. A high concentration of carbon is detected at the interface, which decreases with increasing film thickness (~2 nm thickness), and as expected there is some oxidization of the Si surface. This is explained by the chemical nature of the immediate surface upon which the deposition takes place, varying from a reactive, clean Si surface to a less reactive, mixed oxide layer after successive deposition steps. On the latter surface, the decomposition fragments are believed to be more volatile and thus the resulting film contains less carbon contamination. The results confirm that the tetrahedral core of the central oxygen atom with four neighboring zinc atoms, which reassembles the structure in solid ZnO , is kept intact upon decomposition of the precursor on the heated Si (100) (400°C) substrate. However, no long range orientation of the ZnO tetrahedrons was found, indicating that the resulting ZnO film has no preferred crystalline structure for the film thickness investigated here (~2 nm).
ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE In ON Si(111)(4 × 1) SURFACE
Authors: COLLAZO-DAVILA C. , MARKS L. D. , NISHII K. , TANISHIRO Y.
Published: November 2003

The atomic structure of the In on Si (111)(4×1) surface has been determined using direct methods applied to transmission electron diffraction data. It consists of a zigzag chain of In atoms and a region of silicon including a dimer chain. The structure is sufficiently similar to recent models of the Au on Si (111)(5×2) and metal on Si (111)(3×1) structures, that some preliminary generalizations on the linear n×1 and n×2 Si(111) reconstructions can be made.
The factor V C1 domain is involved in membrane binding: identification of functionally important amino acid residues within the C1 domain of factor V using alanine scanning mutagenesis
Authors: Quinn-Allen Mary , Macedo-Ribeiro Sandra , Fuentes-Prior Pablo , Bode Wolfram , Saleh Mahasen , Peng Weimin , Kane William
Published: November 2003

The contribution of the factor Va C1 domain (fVa-C1) to assembly of the prothrombinase complex has not been previously investigated. The homologous fVa-C2 domain contains a binding site for phosphatidylserine (PS) that includes the indole moieties of Trp2063/Trp2064 at the apex of spike-1. In order to investigate the structure and function of fVa-C1 a molecular model was constructed based on the structure of fVa-C2. The aromatic and hydrophobic side chains of Tyr1956/Leu1957 in fVaC1 are located at the predicted apex of spike-3. Exposed charged and hydrophobic residues in fVa-C1 were changed to alanine in clusters of 1-3 mutations per construct. The resultant 20 mutants were expressed in COS cells and screened for binding to immobilized PS and prothrombinase activity on phospholipid vesicles containing either 25% or 5% PS. Two mutants, (Y1956,L1957)A, and (R2023,R2027)A showed both decreased binding to immobilized PS and a selective decrease in prothrombinase activity on membranes containing 5% PS. The interaction of purified (Y1956,L1957)A with phospholipid vesicles was studied using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and prothrombinase assays. The affinity of (Y1956,L1957)A binding to 25% PS membranes was reduced 12-fold compared to rHFVa. Prothrombin activation in the presence of (Y1956,L1957)A was markedly impaired on phospholipid vesicles containing 10% or less PS. We conclude that solvent exposed hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids in both fVa-C1 and fVa-C2 contribute to the interaction of factor V with PS membranes.
Fibrinogen C-terminal peptidic sequences (Haptides) modulate fibrin polymerization
Authors: Ben-Moshe Matti , Magdassi Sholomo , Gorodetsky Raphael , Marx Gerard
Published: November 2003

We previously described synthetic peptides of 19-21 amino acid residues, homologous to the C-termini of fibrinogen Fib340 and Fib420, from the β-chain (Cβ), the extended αE chain (CαE) and near the end of the γ-chain (preCγ) which elicited attachment (haptotactic) responses from mesenchymal cells. We named these haptotactic peptides -Haptides. The effects of Haptides on fibrin clot formation was evaluated and their possible effects on platelet aggregation was examined. The Haptides Cβ, CαE and preCγ, (2-10 μM) increased fibrin clot turbidity and also decreased thrombin-induced clotting time. Higher concentrations (>120 μM of Cβ or preCγ) induced fibrinogen precipitation even without thrombin. These precipitates exhibited different ultrastructure from thrombin-induced fibrin by scanning and transmission microscopy. C-terminal peptides of the other fibrinogen chains exerted no such effects. Sepharose beads covalently coated with either whole fibrinogen or Haptides (SB-Fib or SB-Haptide) highly adsorbed free FITCHaptides. In aqueous solution, Haptides formed nano-particles with average size of ∼150nm in diameter. We suggest that such positively charged aggregates could serve to nucleate and accelerate fibrin gel formation. These results also indicate that Cβ and preCγ sequences within fibrin(ogen) participate in the docking and condensation of fibrin(ogen) during its assembly into a fibrin clot. By contrast, Haptides up to 100µM did not bind to platelets, and had no effect on platelet aggregation. Our findings highlight the roles of the C-terminal sequences of the β and γ chains in fibrin(ogen) polymerization as well as in cell attachment.
Endothelin Receptor Blockers in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rich Stuart , McLaughlin Vallerie V.
Published: November 2003

The endothelin (ET) system is comprised of 4 active ETs, with ET-1 being the predominant isoform in the cardiovascular system. Because of the potent vasoconstricting and mitogenic effects of ET-1 and its involvement in various cardiovascular diseases, blockade of the ET receptor has received considerable attention. ET receptor antagonism has been demonstrated to be beneficial in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The nonselective ET receptor antagonist bosentan improves exercise capacity and increases time to clinical worsening in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The selective ET A receptor antagonist sitaxsentan also improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Results with ET receptor antagonists in congestive heart failure have been disappointing. Although some studies have suggested benefit, larger studies have been neutral. The use of ET receptor antagonists for other conditions has not been fully explored. Future studies with the use of ET receptor antagonists as part of a multidrug regimen are also needed.
Universal Content and National Forms in the Development of Sociological Knowledge: The View of a Russian Sociologist
Authors: Kultygin Vladimir Pavlovich
Published: November 2003

Examining the dual nature of sociology as both a system of knowledge and a social institution, the article defines key features of sociological knowledge distinguishing it from previous forms of social cognition, and analyses social mechanisms of the epistemological process in sociology. The social nature of different types of sociological theory is shown. The contribution of different national cultures to the development of universal sociological knowledge is discussed with special attention to the Russian contribution. The challenges facing contemporary sociological science in the new age are examined together with the tasks that now have to be resolved by different sociological schools and institutions.
Effect of Talc Content on the Volume Expansion Ratio of Extruded PP Foams
Authors: Naguib Hani E. , Park Chul B. , Lee Patrick C.
Published: November 2003

This paper elucidates the effects of cell density on the volume expansion behavior of polypropylene (PP) foams blown with butane in extrusion. The cell density was controlled by varying the talc content, and foam expansion was observed at a fixed blowing agent content while varying the melt and die temperatures. As observed in our previous studies, the curve of the final expansion ratio of PP foam versus temperature showed a typical mountain shape for each talc content, confirming that the two governing expansion mechanisms were gas loss and stiffening of melt. As the talc content increased, the expansion curve skewed towards the lower temperature, which showed that the expanded foams with a high talc content were more susceptible to gas loss at elevated temperatures. This indicates that the processing temperature should be decreased to have a large expansion ratio from the extruded PP foams at a high talc content. In other words, the optimum temperature to maximize expansion decreased at a higher talc content. It is believed that the shift of the expansion curves was caused by the promoted expansion rate of extruded foams with a greater talc content because of the reduced diffusion distance of gas molecules to the nearest stabilized nucleus. On the other hand, the increased cell density at a high talc content increased the number of cell layers in the cross section of the extruded foam, and thereby the gas loss was localized to the cells on the surface which acted favorable for the final expansion ratio to a certain degree.
Exact Solution for Functionally Graded Anisotropic Elastic Composite Laminates
Authors: Pan E.
Published: November 2003

Exact solutions are derived for three-dimensional, anisotropic, linearly elastic, and functionally graded rectangular composite laminates under simply supported edge conditions. The solutions are expressed in terms of an elegant formalism that resembles the Stroh formalism, and the composite laminates can be made of multilayered functionally graded materials with their properties varying exponentially in the thickness direction. The present solution extends Pagano's solution to the functionally graded material, and can serve as a benchmark to the modeling of functionally graded composite laminates based on various numerical methods. Typical results of the present solution are discussed for a single functionally graded plate and a bi-layer plate with a functionally graded layer overlying a homogeneous layer. For both plates, a simple load is applied on their top surfaces. It is shown that with a suitable functionally graded layer, the tensile stress on the top surface (or the compressive stress on the bottom surface for a homogeneous layer overlying a functionally graded layer) of the bi-layer plate can be reduced. This interesting feature could be useful in the design of functionally graded composite laminates.
A Computer Simulation of Single Fiber Pull Out Process in a Composite
Authors: Zhong Wen , Pan Ning
Published: November 2003

A stochastic approach, the Ising model combined with Monte Carlo simulation, is employed to study the process of a fiber debonding and being pulled out from a fiber reinforced composite. The complicated mechanisms involved can be realistically simulated more than ever with a simple algorithm that is applicable to such phenomena as partial debonding, fiber breaking and matrix yielding, all of which are difficult to deal with by existing methods. The important factors influencing the debonding and the pull out behavior can be represented by corresponding coefficients in an energy expression of the system. The results of parametric studies are in good qualitative agreement with the behavior of real systems, indicating the power and usefulness of this approach in the studies of many interfacial phenomena. Finally, application of this method to simulate the fiber peel process is also demonstrated.
Cryogenic Microcracking of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites: Influences of Fiber-Matrix Adhesion
Authors: Timmerman John F. , Hayes Brian S. , Seferis James C.
Published: November 2003

The impact of fiber-matrix adhesion on the transverse microcracking of fiber reinforced polymeric materials thermally cycled at cryogenic temperatures was investigated using symmetric cross-ply carbon fiber/epoxy laminates containing fibers with different surface treatments. Past research explored the role of fiber-matrix adhesion in determining the room temperature properties of composite materials, but this work is original in that it examined how fiber-matrix adhesion affected the behavior of composite materials at cryogenic temperatures. Three fiber surfaces were used: Unsized but exposed to an oxidative surface treatment, epoxy sized, and surfactant sized. Modifications of the fiber surfaces changed the adhesion of the matrix to the fibers as determined by interlaminar shear strength and dynamic mechanical analysis. The extent of microcracking in the laminates exhibited a dependence on fiber-matrix adhesion, with high levels of adhesion corresponding to decreased microcracking.
Winning and Losing in Flexible Labour Markets: the Formation and Operation of Networks of Interdependence in the UK Film Industry
Authors: Blair Helen
Published: November 2003

Employing the Eliasian concepts of figuration and networked agency, this article explores the responses to labour market uncertainty of freelancers working in the British film industry.Arguing that labour process theory has yet to adequately theorize a contextualized agent, Elias’ framework is proposed as a resolution, with the concept of figuration providing a more agential notion of structure while retaining power inequalities in relationships.Tensions are also identified in the framework, in particular with reference to Elias’ treatment of the individualization process, and these will require further exploration of the two frameworks to assess compatibility.
Doctoral School Psychology Internships in NonSchool Settings in the United States
Authors: Brown Michael B. , Bolen Larry M. , Kissell Susan
Published: November 2003

School psychologists in the United States work in a variety of settings outside of schools, particularly school psychologists with doctoral degrees. As interns are more likely to obtain employment in a setting similar to the internship site, this study reviewed non-school internship centres that indicated they would consider applications from school psychology doctoral students. Internship directors were asked to complete a questionnaire about the characteristics of the internship site and their perceptions of doctoral interns. School psychology interns devoted the majority of their time to individual and group counselling and psychotherapy and assessment. School psychology interns were perceived as having strengths in educational and psychological assessment and consultation and weaknesses in individual, group and family counselling/psychotherapy. Doctoral students from school psychology programs are perceived as strongest in areas equated with the traditional role of school psychologists in the schools, and weakest at the tasks in which they would devote most time in non-school settings. School psychology doctoral students seeking an internship outside of schools should select additional coursework in counselling and psychotherapy, diagnostic personality assessment and practica in settings similar to the desired internship site. Training programs can support students by providing mentorship and assistance in obtaining the requisite courses and field experiences.
Rethinking the Firm: Organizational Approaches
Authors: Koza Mitchell P. , Thoenig Jean-Claude
Published: November 2003

How does social science based organization theory describe the business firm? Sociology, political science, social psychology and ethnology have inspired two almost classical perspectives. One theorizes the firm as an arena for strategic behavior. The other underlines the way social pressure mechanisms structure a moral community dimension. Two additional approaches exist, less explored. The firm can be defined as a collective actor, the agenda for knowledge being to explain how far collective choice is possible. Or the firm may be studied from a cognitive perspective, as an organization which interprets and thinks. The article argues that organization theory offers a unitary if not limited view of the business firm. Social sciences basically debate around two alternative views which differentiate according to four characteristics: the action arena or the context of behavior; the teleological property of the unit; the payoff matrix or the sources of preferences with which members enter collective choice contexts; and the sources of managerial influence.
Organizational Process, Strategic Content and Socio-Economic Resources: Small Enterprises in East Germany, 1990–94
Authors: Sorge Arndt , Brussig Martin
Published: November 2003

The theory of the firm implies a framework which links up conceptually diverse aspects and approaches. This article tests a specific framework: an interactionist variant of co-evolution theory derived from an article by Hrebiniak and Joyce. Organizations are viewed as enacting different combinations of strategic choice and environmental determinism, which point toward specific market forms and internal processes, through a process of mutual adaptation. Co-evolutionary configurations are hypothesized to have an effect on resource outcomes (profitability and employment). The present article tests this theory, based on a combined qualitative study and standardized questionnaire investigation of a quota sample of 120 smaller enterprises in East Germany. This refers to an environment which, because of the new and rapid emergence of new firms subdivided into different types, can be seen to render the application of interactionist co-evolutionism particularly exigent. It was found that the typology derived according to the framework performed well in predicting and explaining economic performance and employment development. It is suggested that this type of study, linking internal and external organizational characteristics within an interactionist scheme, has potential. It would also help to systematize and control co-evolutionary research on the firm following a coherent research design, going beyond the liberal interpretation of historical information.
Creating Conformity: The Training of Girls in theBund Deutscher Mädel
Authors: Pine Lisa
Published: November 2003

This article examines the role played by the BDM in the Nazis’ training and socialization of girls. It analyses training manuals and guidelines, the BDM’s magazine and other sources to demonstrate the norms and values of the organization and the way in which it imbued German girls with Nazi ideology. It considers the extent to which the organization had a modernizing impact on German girls. It examines the racial and behavioural expectations of the girls within the movement and their role in Nazi society, for example as ‘culture bearers’ to the next generation. Future motherhood was an important aspect of girls’ training, but girls were also expected to serve their nation in other ways, especially during the wartime period, when pragmatic concerns created a tendency towards modernity in the roles given to girls.
‘Cockroaches of Human Resources Practice’?
Authors: Findlay Jacquie
Published: November 2003

Human Resources (HR) departments within organizations traditionally conduct exit interviews with those employees who are leaving voluntarily. The aim is to gather information through questions relating to working conditions, salary, benefits, career advancement opportunities, quality/quantity of workload and relationships with line managers and colleagues. The accepted wisdom, that such information forms a valuable source of knowledge management for the organization, is being increasingly questioned by sceptics who believe that such information may be distorted by the employee’s fear of the impact it may have on their references or on their work colleagues who are remaining and by the fact that the HR department may determine the questions asked in the interviews and so skew the results. A study was undertaken to examine whether or not there is any relationship between exit interviews and knowledge management and the nature of any such relationship that may exist. The typical characteristics of the exit interview were seen to fall into four types: those that are reactive in nature; those conducted by a Personnel Officer in a face to face interview; those that are analyzed to a minimum extent according to a preset format designed by the HR department; and those that capture only a small amount of explicit knowledge. It is suggested that future exit interviews could play a more important role in the knowledge management culture by including the ability to generate new and creative ideas from information, to create trusting relationships with colleagues, to share ideas and information with others, to separate the relevant from the irrelevant information; to perceive connections between disparate pieces of information, to organize information and ideas, and to learn and develop continuously. It is concluded that exit interviews will only survive if they succeed in shedding their traditional format and structure and adapt in such a way as to capture the sort of explicit and tacit knowledge that can assist the organization in achieving its mission.
Eurasia and East–West Boundaries
Authors: Goody Jack
Published: November 2003

The notion that there was a profound cultural boundary between Europe (defined as Christian) and Asia (defined as other, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism …) was dear to the hearts of the Europeans at least from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. But it is as much a figment of European creation as the notion of a physical boundary. Of course there were cultural differences of a graduated kind and important political-military ones with the western developments of ships and guns (using the Islamic compass and Chinese gunpowder), but especially with the development of industrial production. Pomerantz has recently argued that western economic supremacy was not in evidence until after that time, a thesis that obviously cuts at the roots of those many writers who claim a cultural advantage in the West going back perhaps to classical times, to Christianity, to the German heritage, or even to the Renaissance and Reformation. Some important changes did occur in the West following developments in the sphere of printing, mainly in the sphere of education and the modes of communication. That earlier levels of cultural attainment were not so very different is clear from the early Jesuit reports of their work in the East.
Delamination Width Effect on Buckling Loads of Simply Supported Woven-Fabric Laminated Composite Plates Made of Carbon/Epoxy
Authors: Zor Mehmet
Published: November 2003

The effects of the strip delamination width on the buckling loads of the simply supported carbon/epoxy woven laminated composite plates have been investigated. For this purpose, 3D finite elements models of the square carbon/epoxy laminated plates have been established. Each of these models possesses four layers and different delamination width between second and third layers. Firstly, the harmony between theoretical and finite element solutions results of the plate without delamination has been shown. Then, the buckling loads have been determined for each model and different fiber orientation angles. The results show that important decrease in the buckling loads occur after a certain value of the delamination width. The changing ratios of the results of the symmetric or antisymmetric cases are approximately the same for each angle. For the high values of orientation angles, the values and changing ratios of the buckling loads are also higher than those of the low angles.
Residual Stress Analysis of Clamped Supported Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Laminated Plates Under Transverse Loading
Authors: Aykul Halil
Published: November 2003

Residual stress analysis is carried out in a thermoplastic composite laminated plate for transverse loading. Low-density polyethylene thermoplastic matrix (LDPE) and steel fibers are used to produce the composite plates by using molds. The first order shear deformation theory and nine nodes Lagrangian finite element is used. Mathematical formulation is given for the residual stress analysis of a laminated plate for small deformations. Yield points and stresses are obtained for symmetric and antisymmetric laminated plates with a circular hole. Residual stresses in plates are given in tables. The expansion of plastic zones is illustrated for 500, 750 and 1000 load steps. Yield points and the expansion of plastic zones are compared for different plates with a circular hole. Mechanical properties of a layer are obtained experimentally.
Rheological Characterization of Fiber-Filled Polymer Composites via Constitutive Modeling
Authors: Beaulne M. , Mitsoulis E.
Published: November 2003

A constitutive equation is proposed to describe the steady-state and dynamic rheological properties of fiber-filled viscoelastic media. The constitutive equation used to describe the viscoelastic effects is an integral equation of the K-BKZ type, suitable for polymer solutions and melts. The contribution to the total stress of the composite due to the presence of fibers is accounted for by the extra stress tensor proposed by Dinh and Armstrong for fiber-filled Newtonian liquids. Steady-state predictions of the constitutive equation are compared with experimental measurements of fiber-filled viscoelastic media, namely polypropylene and nylon-66, for different sized fibers and different volume fractions. The constitutive equation predicts qualitatively the rheological properties of fiber-filled viscoelastic media.
Evaluation of Polyimide Foam as a Fire Barrier for Spacecraft Cushion Materials
Authors: Hshieh F.-Y. , Hirsch D. , Beeson H.
Published: November 2003

Polyimide foam is an intrinsically flame resistant foam material. This study uses the NASA upward flame propagation test and the cone calorimeter test to evaluate the application of polyimide foam as a fire barrier for spacecraft cushion materials. The flame propagation test results demonstrate that a thin-layer of polyimide foam (3-mm thick) could totally stop the flame spread on the underneath polyurethane foam in an environment containing 30% oxygen. The cone calorimeter test results show that polyimide foam increased the minimum heat flux for ignition of a cushion sample from 27 to 48kW/m2. This suggests that application of polyimide foam can significantly reduce the ignition risk. It was also found that polyimide foam significantly reduced the peak heat release rate, mass burning rate, and the generation of carbon monoxide and smoke in the flaming combustion. For polyimide foam-covered polyurethane, smoldering combustion was insignificant at 25 and 35kW/m 2 incident heat fluxes; it became more important when the incident heat flux reached 45 kW/m2. The smoldering combustion of polyurethane foam and polyimide foam-covered polyurethane could not be self-sustaining if the external heat source was removed.
Immobilization of Enzymes into a Polyionic Hydrogel: ChitoXan
Authors: Magnin D. , Dumitriu S. , Chornet E.
Published: November 2003

Three enzymes were immobilized onto polyionic hydrogel, ChitoXan, obtained by complexation between chitosan and xanthan. The biocatalysts used were two proteases (protease type XIX from Fungal d’Aspergillus sojae and the trypsin type II.S from Porcine Pancreas) and a lipase (lipase Type VII from Candida rugosa). The immobilization efficiencies and the relative activities were investigated for these enzymes. The immobilization efficiencies changed with each enzyme and varied between 53 and 80%. Good relative activities were found for the lipase Type VII from Candida rugosa and the protease type XIX from Fungal d’Aspergillus sojae. For the latter, the influence of several factors were studied: molarity of the storage buffer, storage temperature and time of hydrogel, and the enzyme concentration. For the immobilized lipase, hydrolysis of olive oil in aqueous and organic media has been compared. This study confirmed that the lipase modified the external and internal structure of the hydrogel from fibrillar to the formation of globular structures in the presence of lipases.
Mrs Nugent’s Little Piggy Went to Town
Authors: Sweeney Ellen E.
Published: November 2003

Recent writing on Neil Jordan’s 1997 film, The Butcher Boy, has characterized the film as an allegory of postcolonial Ireland, which is afflicted with a schizophrenic identity resulting from the clash between tradition and modernity. I contend that The Butcher Boy’s focus on the abjection of the socially marginalized provides a visual countertext to the essentializing national narratives that have excluded images and histories that do not correspond with this ‘imagined community’s’ self-conception. The Butcher Boy’s direct engagement with the historical event of the physical and sexual abuse of industrial schoolchildren in Ireland in the 20th century suggests that the film operates as a border text between fact and fiction, testifying to a longhidden aspect of Irish society. Through the twin topoi of the chronotope and the traumatic event, the divisions between the sanitized and the repressed, the past and present, collapse to produce a vision of a nation haunted by its abjected colonial identity and incapable of breaking out of the cycle of self- destructive oppression of the most vulnerable of its population.
Teenage Motherhood and the Regulation of Mothering in the Scientific Literature: The South African Example
Authors: Macleod Catriona
Published: November 2003

The mainstream literature on teenage pregnancy highlights teenagers' inadequate mothering as an area of disquiet. `Revisionists', such as feminist critics, point out that a confluence of negative social factors is implicated in teenagers' mothering abilities. Whether arguing that teenagers make bad mothers or defending them against this, the literature relies on the `invention of "good" mothering'. In this article I highlight the taken-for-granted assumptions concerning mothering (mothering as an essentialized dyad; mothering as a skill; motherhood as a pathway to adulthood; fathering as the absent trace) appearing in the scientific literature on teenage pregnancy in South Africa. I indicate how these assumptions are implicated in the regulation of mothering through the positioning of the teenage mother as the pathologized other, the splitting of the public from the private, domestic space of mothering, and the legitimation of the professionalization of mothering. I explore the gendered implications of the representations of mothering in this literature.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Feminist Psychology Educators: The Classroom
Authors: Sinacore Ada L. , Healy Patricia , Justin Monica
Published: November 2003

Feminist pedagogy as a unique and legitimate form of teaching has been discussed widely in the literature, with an emphasis placed on teaching strategies and techniques. Limited attention has been given to the actual experience of educators when they use a feminist pedagogy. Thus, this study is a qualitative examination of the experience of 18 feminist psychology educators in the academy, with a particular focus on their experience of applying feminist pedagogical strategies in the classroom. The results indicate that, for these educators, their feminist identity and values are closely linked to their teaching and pedagogical decisions. In addition, the challenges, benefits and backlash connected to feminist teaching, as well as implications and recommendations for feminist educators, are discussed.
Talking of Taste: A Discourse Analytic Exploration of Young Women's Gendered and Racialized Subjectivities in British Urban, Multicultural Contexts
Authors: Malson Helen , Marshall Harriette , Woollett Anne
Published: November 2003

This article presents an analysis of interviews conducted with young Asian and white women living in urban, `multicultural' areas in the UK. Specifically, the article explores how these young women constitute their own and others' differently gendered, sexualized and racialized identities and subjectivities through their talk about styles of appearance and tastes in, for example, clothing, clothing labels, hairstyles and cosmetics. In so doing, the article aims to elucidate, first, some of the complex intertwinings of gender and ethnicity in these young women's accounts and, second, the equally complex and shifting politics of gender and ethnicity, which are simultaneously constituted, subverted and reconstituted in these young women's talk about styles of appearance.
`Real' Boys? Manufacturing Masculinity and Erasing Privilege in Popular Books on Raising Boys
Authors: Anderson Kristin J. , Accomando Christina
Published: November 2003

In recent years an analysis of gender that includes understanding the condition of men and boys in society has garnered considerable attention. We examine four highly promoted pop-psychology books about raising boys. Although such an endeavor could help critically inspect false universalities about gender and examine the ways in which boys and men both benefit from and are constrained by gender polarization and male privilege, we find that these books suffer from three limitations. First, they subscribe to essentializing and universalizing assumptions about gender and parenting that make for a faulty foundation from which to examine gender. Next, these books build their arguments on the unsubstantiated assertion that boys are disadvantaged. Finally, these arguments rest on a fundamental failure to address the institutions and social arenas in which gender is acquired and expressed. These authors fail to examine the forces of privilege and power informing gender identity.
Going Underground: Conflicting Perspectives on Domestic Violence Shelter Practices
Authors: Haaken Janice , Yragui Nan
Published: November 2003

Feminism and the battered women's movement led to the creation of spaces of refuge for women experiencing domestic violence. The current practice of concealing the location of shelters has been questioned by many women of color, however, and some groups have created open shelters in their own communities. Beginning with a historical analysis of women's refuge, this article presents a study of practices of shelters in the United States based on interviews of directors or staff of state domestic violence coalitions. The multiple meanings of confidential location are explored, including tensions that emerge in mapping the boundary between shelter and the broader community. The concept of border tensions is introduced to identify key areas of conflict and the multiple meanings of shelter as social symbolic space. The article concludes that the concealing of shelters, while vital in some respects, has also been costly for the movement, and particularly for women of color.
Women Who Drink and Fight: A Discourse Analysis of Working-Class Women's Talk
Authors: Day Katy , Gough Brendan , McFadden Majella
Published: November 2003

More recent years have begun to see a shift in focus in academic writing towards the rather neglected topic of female aggression and violence (for example, Campbell, 1993, 1995; Burbank, 1994). Furthermore, some feminists have highlighted the benefits of drawing attention towards women's aggression for feminist agendas (for example, Campbell, 1993; White and Kowalski, 1994). However, much of the existing work in this area situates women's aggression in the context of normative heterosexual relationships and domestic domains, meaning that women's aggression and violence in other (more public) contexts is often overlooked. This omission is puzzling now given that women are entering into more public domains and spaces which have historically been dominated by men (for example, Kua, 1994) and reports that most incidents where women report being attacked by other women take place in the context of pubs or clubs (Home Office, 1993). As such, this study examines women's talk around aggression in the context of `nights out'. In sum, it is argued here that physical aggression can be understood as playing an important role in the construction of working-class femininities in ways that `make sense' in local classed contexts, thus emphasizing the importance of contextual understandings of women's aggression.
A Typical Gender Identity Conference? Some Disturbing Reports from the Therapeutic Front Lines
Authors: Hird Myra J.
Published: November 2003

This article resulted from my recent attendance at a conference on gender identity entitled `Atypical Gender Identity Development: Therapeutic Models, Philosophical and Ethical Issues' (2000). Although it featured presentations from pre-eminent clinical psychiatrists, psychologists and physicians in Britain, Canada and the United States, there was no reference to the feminist psychoanalytic and social psychology debates that have circulated in feminist psychology for years. In accounting for the absence of feminist scholarship, I consider three issues. First, rather than highlight the social construction of gender through the social construction of sex, the conference revealed a persistent belief in `sex' as the original sign through which gender is read. A second issue concerns the maturity hierarchy that clinicians seem to construct such that stable gender identification and `opposite' gender desire appear at the apex. Finally, I am concerned with what seems to be a continued association of homosexuality with pathology.