bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARADIGMA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM (Hakikat, Tujuan dan Pengembangannya)
Authors: Sahib Muhammad Amin , Nur Asiah
Published: February 2025

Pendidikan Islam adalah pendidikan manusia seutuhnya; akal dan hatinya, ruhani dan jasmaninya, akhlak dan keterampilannya. Tulisan akan mengetengahkan tentang pengertian, hakikat, tujuan dan bagaimana pengembangan pendidikan Islam. Dalam pemaparannya, akan dikemukakan berbagai pendapat para ahli yang kemudian membandingkannya untuk menemukan makna yang lebih tepat sehingga dapat dikembangkan. Pendidikan Islam dikembangkan dengan pendekatan multidisipliner, yaitu mengembangkan Ilmu Pendidikan Islam dengan memanfaatkan bantuan ilmu-ilmu lain, seperti sosiologi, psikologi, hukum, filsafat, ekonomi, sejarah, ilmu kalam dan lain sebagainya. Penggunakan telaah multidisipliner ini, berarti pendidikan Islam saling berdialog dengan disiplin ilmu lain dan mencapai tujuan yang lebih maksimal.
Investigating the potential role of abrasion in the development of toe tip necrosis in beef cattle: an ex vivo study
Authors: Hedayati Nassim , Espinosa Alvaro , Majcher Kadin , Moya Diego , Jelinski Murray D. , Johnston James D.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To compare regional stiffness of the white line (objective 1) and image-based metrics of damage (objective 2) of control claws and claws subjected to an abrasion simulator mimicking animals abrading their claws against a concrete surface commonly found in feedlots.

Methods

Sixteen (n = 16) cadaveric bovine hind limbs were acquired from participating commercial feedlots and separated into different testing groups: lateral claws subjected to an abrasion simulation (n = 8) and control claws manually rasped to the same level of wear found after the abrasion simulation (n = 8). Claws were subjected to indentation testing along the white line to determine regional stiffness (control = 8; abraded = 8) and contrast-enhanced, high-resolution imaging (control = 6; abraded = 6) where mean image intensity was used to characterize damage. Analysis of variance was used to compare regional stiffness and image intensity of the different groups.

Results

Lower stiffness of the white line along the apical region was noted in abraded claws versus control claws (P < .019). Higher mean intensity (a measure of damage) was found in abraded claws versus control claws (P < .026).

Conclusions

Study findings indicate that abraded claws exhibited lower stiffness along the apical region of the white line relative to control claws. Also, analyses of contrast-enhanced, high-resolution imaging data suggested that pathways for foreign material to enter the claw may be present following abrasion.

Clinical Relevance

These findings support the premise that abrasion may be involved in white line separation and toe tip necrosis pathogenesis. Alternative floorings that minimize abrasion may be beneficial for avoiding toe tip necrosis.
Newswires as a Component of the Formation of Background Knowledge in Translation Learning Process
Authors:   I. G. Petrovsky Bryansk State University, Barynkina I.
Published: February 2025

New technologies are changing higher education at an un­precedented scale, therefore, in order to gain a sustainable com­petitive advantage in the modern labour market, educational communities are trying to find effective ways to solve emerging problems by optimizing the learning process.

The purpose of this article is to share the experience of work­ing with emerging difficulties in the process of training future translators in the academic discipline “Practical Interpretation Course”.

One of the objectives of this subject is to develop the ability of future linguists-translators to use the techniques of consecu­tive interpretation, as well as to perform high-quality interpre­tation in conditions of information exchange, the full transmis­sion of a speech message of any nature in the field of interna­tional, social, scientific, and cultural life.

During the training sessions on the subject “Practical Inter­pretation Course”, it is especially difficult for students to listen to authentic texts in a foreign language in videotapes of news, followed by the transmission of the content of a speech message in Russian.

Difficulties in the perception of newswires are complicated by the lack of necessary background knowledge in geography, politics, history, and culture. Consequently, a narrow interpreta­tion of the facts appears without reference to the country, its culture, the historical roots of the events in question. And as a result — an erroneous translation.

We see the reason for this problem in the narrow horizons of modern students, in the low level of knowledge in geography, general history, and weak interest in understanding the political and international situation. Students of the USE generation do not read much; they are tongue-tied and inquisitive.

In the process of systematic work with newswires, students not only get acquainted with the vocabulary of special topics, develop practical interpreting skills, but also expand their back­ground knowledge, which is so necessary for a future lin­guist-translator.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on EFL Teaching in a University Setting
Authors:   MGIMO University, Selezneva V. , Bunakova T. ,   MGIMO University
Published: February 2025

The article focuses on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for teaching foreign languages at higher education institutions, its threats and opportunities. The authors conducted a survey of undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students of School of Governance and Politics at MGIMO University. The respond­ents were asked about the influence of neural networks on stud­ies and their use in EFL classes. The survey findings suggest that it is necessary to revise approaches to EFL teaching at university taking into account the recent developments in machine learning. It is also important to find ways to turn the risks posed by AI into opportunities. The authors give examples of how AI can be used to write textbooks, create interactive assignments for classroom activities and homework, streamline teaching and increase stu­dents’ motivation.
Mastering Collocation Competence of Postgraduate Students at Technical University
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Nikolaeva N.
Published: February 2025

English for Academic Purposes (EAP) has become an integral component of training postgraduates at Russian technical uni­versities. The paper aims at analyzing some online resources in terms of their suitability for non-linguists to acquire lexical vo­cabulary of EAP, specifically, collocations. The hybrid methodol­ogy we apply is based on corpus learning technologies combining both the full-time study and online learning. The results demon­strate a higher level of postgraduates’ comprehensive usage of collocations in their own academic writing and reviewing papers in English. The students also show a higher degree of accuracy and better results in the corresponding Moodle tasks performed. In conclusion, they react positively to both corpora and online resources as the authentic EAP sources for mastering complex scientific vocabulary and writing effective academic texts.
Metaphor Decoding based on the Activation of Flexible and Crystallized Intelligences
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Pesina S.
Published: February 2025

The article presents a three-level classification of metaphors based on the degree of difficulty of their decoding. The typology is based on the types of intelligence: flexible and crystallized. The typology includes non-figurative, basic intuitive, extended asso­ciative and nested multi-stage metaphors. To understand em­bedded metaphors, critical thinking and a combination of flexible and crystallized intelligence are required. Techniques of trans­lating metaphors are presented: equivalent and analogue trans­lation, omission, descriptions and literalisms. These translation methods are illustrated with examples of English-Russian met­aphorical correspondences. Cognitive approach of the analysis involves relying on cognitive images and speech context. The proposed logical approach to the translation of metaphors re­veals universal features in the semantics of English and Russian. The proposed approach allows us to discover the fundamental principles of linguistic meanings formation. It reveals the com­monality of facts that previously seemed disparate.
By Any Other Name Would It Smell Just as Sweet? Or How to Learn to Translate Iconic Lexis
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shamina E. , Besedina E. ,   St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Veselova M. ,   St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University
Published: February 2025

The authors’ research into translation strategies from English into Russian unveils a sad fact: only 40% of expressive iconic lexis is represented in the translation by similar means. The result is a decrease in the quality, adequacy, and completeness of the translated text. To overcome the deficiency in the stylistic value of the translation, we suggest that basic iconicity theory be taught at universities as part of the General / Literary Translation course. To this end, we developed a 5 step algorithm, comprising such unique methods as phonosemantic compensation and similation, to be used along with traditional translation techniques.
Art Translation in the Era of Digitalization: Stylistic and Lexical Features, Translation and Localization of Texts
Authors:   MGIMO University, Shvets T.
Published: February 2025

The paper focuses on the main problems of the museum websites’ translation and such exhibition translation issues as prob­lems related to the stylistics, punctuation and formatting, and their differences in Russian and English. Within the framework of the article, the author provides examples of museum labels and exhibition texts of the State Tretyakov Gallery and some recent websites screenshots of Russian museums. The research results in analysis and summarizing the most frequent errors in translating museum websites from Russian into English, which can be of use both for specialists in translation and museum professionals. The conclusion is made about the necessity of extra­linguistic knowledge, visual support and the implementation of localization and transcreation principles while translating museum websites and exhibition texts.
GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Authors:   Department of Foreign Languages, State Educational Institution Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali ibni Sino, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, Alieva N.Sh.
Published: February 2025

The article studies the main elements of the grammatical structure of the Russian language,
including morphological and syntactic aspects, their role in the formation of the language system.
Special attention is paid to the interaction of grammatical categories and their significance in
communicative practice. An analysis of the theoretical foundations of grammar is presented, as well
as the practical application of grammatical norms in different contexts.
The grammatical structure of the Russian language is one of the most complex and expressive
systems, providing enormous opportunities for analysis and practical application. This paper
examines key aspects of grammar, including morphology, syntax, morphonology and their
interrelationships. The focus is on the study of the features of the categories of gender, number and
case in nouns, their agreement with adjectives and verbs, and the functioning of complex sentences.
Special attention is paid to syntactic constructions that form the unique expressiveness of the Russian
language. The influence of grammatical phenomena on the style and meaning of the text is studied,
and errors associated with deviations from grammatical norms are analysed. The historical
development of the grammatical system, its interaction with modern language trends, including the
influence of colloquial speech, slang and borrowed elements, is examined. Examples from literary,
scientific and journalistic texts are given, emphasising the flexibility and expressiveness of grammar.
Particular attention is paid to practical recommendations for teaching grammar to medical students,
taking into account their professional needs. A systematic approach to explaining complex
grammatical phenomena that are most often encountered in professional speech is proposed. The
prospects for using digital technologies in teaching grammar and the development of automatic text
checking systems are discussed.
Keywords: syntax, expressiveness of speech, Russian language, syntactic constructions,
stylistics
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RAMIT AND GEPOSAF INFUSION IN SUBACUTE TOXIC LIVER DAMAGE CCL4
Authors:   ATSMU, Research Institute of TNU, Republican Scientific and Clinical Center of Urology, Kalandarzoda E.K. , Makhkamova B.Kh. ,   ATSMU, Research Institute of TNU, Republican Scientific and Clinical Center of Urology, Samandarzoda N.Yu. ,   ATSMU, Research Institute of TNU, Republican Scientific and Clinical Center of Urology, Khasanov H.B. ,   ATSMU, Research Institute of TNU, Republican Scientific and Clinical Center of Urology, Samandarov A.Yu. ,   ATSMU, Research Institute of TNU, Republican Scientific and Clinical Center of Urology
Published: February 2025

In this article, information on the medicinal properties of medicinal plants of the
Republic of Tajikistan is presented, presented in various pharmaco–biochemical models. Information
about the physico–chemical properties and through modern biochemical methods their properties
have been studied, and in the future, information is given to obtain active biological substances for
the treatment of patients with liver and hepatobiliary system.
Keywords. Hepatoprotective action, Ramit and Gepos infusion, subacute toxic liver damage.
SIMULTANEOUS ELIMINATION OF EXTENSIVE TRACHEAL DEFECTS: PREVENTION OF RESTENOSIS
Authors:   State Institution "National Center for Tuberculosis, Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery", Tajikistan, Salihov O.X. , Halimov S.M. ,   State Institution "National Center for Tuberculosis, Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery", Tajikistan, Tukhtaev KH.R. ,   State Institution "National Center for Tuberculosis, Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery", Tajikistan
Published: February 2025

The article presents a clinical observation of surgical treatment of a patient with
cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea after tracheostomy. The patient underwent
laryngotracheoplasty with the introduction of a T–shaped tube and an unsuccessful attempt to
eliminate the tracheal defect using an autotransplantat. Extensive tracheal defects were
eliminated by a one–stage plastic surgery method using a tubular silicone endoprosthesis.
Keywords: laryngotracheoplasty, cicatricial stenosis of the trachea, elimination of
the tracheal defect
IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN APPROACHES TO PROFESSIONAL HYGIENE AFTER DENTAL IMPLANTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   State Institution "Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery", Olimova S.O.
Published: February 2025

The conducted analysis of domestic and foreign literature shows that the absolute factor that
contributes to the long–term functioning of intraosseous implants is satisfactory oral hygiene. This
article describes the arsenal of the latest methods of preventive hygiene after dental implantation, the
purpose of which is to prevent complications in the post–implantation period. According to the
literature, the highest probability of developing post–implantation complications is observed in the
first 6 months – during the period of osseointegration of the dental implant. Therefore, during this
period of time, especially careful oral care is necessary using hygiene products with targeted
therapeutic and prophylactic action.
Keywords. Preventive hygiene methods, professional post–implantation hygiene, gentle diet,
osteotropic drugs.
Electoral Reforms for Inclusive Representation: Accessing The Legal Rights of Minority in Nigerian Politics
Authors: Ogedengbe John Afolabi
Published: February 2025

Nigeria as a multi ethnic society is repeatedly plagued with the cries for more inclusive representation and participation from minority groups. An attempt in creating a more balanced perception of inclusiveness has produced the federal character principle which is to be applied in political appointments and across federal agencies with the aim at addressing ethnic-related concerns. Despite this step taken in curing this supposed biased, there still remains unsatisfied clamors for more inclusive representation by other minority groups in politics. This article aims to critically examines the necessity of electoral reforms in Nigeria, with a focus on the legal rights of minority groups within the political landscape to promote more inclusive representation. Flowing from the aim, it further examines the current challenges faced by minority communities in Nigeria as to active political participation, and inclusivity in governance. In evaluating the ripple effects of this lack of inclusive representation, on Nigeria politics, doctrinal research methodology was adopted herein as the work examine the Nigerian Constitution and other legal framework pertaining to Elections and the for Electoral Reform in Nigeria. The article founds that there has been a lot of bias in the political landscape of the Country, and such needed to be holistically looked into. Lessons were drawn from Rwanda regarding the inclusive democracy they practice. The article recommends comprehensive reforms focused on ensuring fair representation through legislative measures and adjustments to the electoral system. It also emphasizes the need for a redefined electoral landscape that amplifies the voices of minorities, promotes diversity, and strengthens the nation's democratic foundation.
Towards A Juristocratic State: A Critical Analysis Of The Constitutional Court Decision No 90/Puu-Xxi/2023 Concerning The Age Limits Of Vice Presidential Candidates
Authors: Dian Pratama Alip , Flambonita Suci , Rumesten RS Iza , Rasyid Muhamad , Yunithia Putri Taufani
Published: February 2025

The Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Concerning the Age Limit for Vice Presidential Candidates in the 2024 Presidential Election has caused much controversy, both politically and legally. This decision has profound implications for Indonesia’ political configuration, as it grants constitutional legitimacy to Gibran Rakabuming Raka, enabling him to run as a candidate for vice president of the Republic of Indonesia in the 2024 General Election. In the context of the legal debate, several problems have emerged, including the impact of this decision on the quality of democracy in Indonesia. One key concern is whether this decision is the initial gateway for Indonesia to enter a system called 'juristocracy'. This term refers to a situation where the Constitutional Court Decision justifies the practice of 'negative legislation', where the legislative function is constitutionally only given to the President and the DPR, but the Constitutional Court, through its 'final and binding' decision power, makes this a loophole that potentially damage democracy. This research is focused on examining the decision based on the two fundamental problems outlined above, using a library research method based on normative research, with a conceptual approach as its foundation. The analysis employs the theory of the rule of law to critically assess whether the decision has significant positive or negative implications for the sustainability of democracy and the existence of the rule of law in Indonesia in the future.
Existence of Authority Nusantara Capital City in Perspective of Local Government Law
Authors: Caesar Rhendy Harnaloustamy
Published: February 2025

Establishing the Nusantara Capital City Authority (IKN) through Law No. 3 of 2022 is incompatible with the 1945 Constitution, which only recognizes provinces, regencies, and cities as forms of regional government. The presence of the IKN Authority without the DPRD also raises concerns regarding the supervision and participation of the local community. This article is crafted using a normative legal research method with descriptive analysis. The normative approach is a method to discover and determine what the law should be (ought to be) through analysis of various provisions of legislation by incorporating theories from scientific literature. The statutory approach is employed in this paper, to analyze the existence of the IKN Authority based on a review of laws and regulations pertaining to the law of Regional Government. Data collection in this article involves identifying and cataloging legal materials, researching library materials (writings and scientific works), and other relevant legal sources related to the legal issues discussed in this paper. His appointment by the President also introduces uncertainty in the context of Regional Autonomy as it does not undergo a democratic process. Despite being equivalent to a Minister, the Head of the Authority is still viewed as a local-level administrative official, leading to attributive legal outcomes. Further analysis is required concerning the authority in the legal establishment of the Authority Institution.Although equivalent to a Minister, the Head of the Authority is still considered a local level administrative official, resulting in attributive legal products. Further analysis is needed regarding the authority in the legal formation of the Authority Institution.
LGBTQ as the Rights in Turkey: Past, Present and Future Conditions
Authors: Nikolet Talabos Dávidné Lukács
Published: February 2025

Sexuality is defined as one's thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions toward other people. The way a person communicates their sexual wants is what makes them human. It is possible to classify sexuality as a human right that each individual possesses, and that is immune to external interference. The lives of LGBTQ individuals continue to be focal points in the realms of social, political, and cultural discourse in many countries. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender are gender identities or sexual orientations that an individual is legally entitled to own. The recognition and protection of human rights for the LGBTQ have become a critical issue in global human rights discussions. This journal paper offers a thorough examination of Turkey's LGBTQ rights situation. The article examines the advancements made in LGBTQ rights across time through social movements, attitudes, and activism. However, it also draws attention to enduring obstacles that prevent LGBTQ people from achieving complete equality, such as prejudice, assault, and murky legal issues. To support ongoing efforts to promote inclusivity and equality for all people, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity, this article attempts to provide insights into the intricate interaction of legal, social, and cultural aspects defining LGBTQ rights in Turkey. Therefore, through this article, the author will explain the past, present, and future of LGBTQ people in Turkey.
Anatomical aspects, technical nuances, and a case series of the resection of the inferior temporal gyrus as a strategy to access the basal surface of the temporal lobe and the lateral incisural space
Authors: Effgen Erica Antunes , Teyssandier Mariano , Giovannini Sebastian Juan Mária , Jiménez Luis Ángel Canache , da Trindade Érico Samuel Gomes Galvão , Leguina Alejandro Benjamin Romero , Lopes Dionisio Figueiredo , Chaddad-Neto Feres
Published: February 2025

Background

Pathologies of the basal surface of the temporal lobe (TL) and the lateral incisural space (IS) commonly present microsurgical challenges. Since the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) is part of both the lateral and the basal surfaces, it has a close relationship with the basal surface of the TL and lacks major white matter tracts, reducing the risk of eloquence. This study aims to describe the technique of ITG resection, its applications in four surgical cases, and the relevant anatomical aspects.

Methods

An anatomical review of the TL and the IS was performed. Anatomical pieces fixed using Klingler’s technique and alcohol-fixed, silicone-injected cadaver heads were used to demonstrate landmarks and relationships. The step-by-step surgical technique is described, with four case reports exemplifying its application.

Results

The patients reported no visual field impairments, memory complaints, or neurological complications. The resection of the ITG increases the working space and wider the surgical corridor, allowing access to medial temporal basal structures and the tentorial notch.

Conclusion

The resection of the ITG represents a useful technique to reach the basal surface of the TL and the lateral IS since it avoids excessive retraction of the TL which may cause vessel injury, mainly to the vein of Labbé. Furthermore, it provides relaxation of the vein of Labbé when venous congestion is present. However, more studies are necessary to demonstrate short and long-term outcomes of the resection of the ITG.
Prostate adenocarcinoma dural metastasis mimicking a subacute subdural hematoma
Authors: Rios-Vicil Christian I. , De Jesus Orlando
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with malignancies that have a propensity to develop dural metastasis can present a dural infiltration mimicking a subdural hematoma. Dural metastases originating from prostate cancer mimicking a subdural hematoma are rare.

Case Description

The authors describe the case of a 66-year-old man with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma with vertebral metastases who complained of headaches, weakness, anorexia, and dizziness for 1 month. A head computed tomography scan without contrast demonstrated a right pan-hemispheric subdural collection, which was reported to be a subacute subdural hematoma. Due to the patient’s history of prostate carcinoma, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without gadolinium was requested before the surgery, which showed substantial enhancement of the subdural collection, suggesting a tumoral collection. Based on the MRI findings, an open biopsy was performed, revealing extensive bone infiltration and a thickened dura with a large subdural tumoral component suggestive of disseminated pachymeningeal carcinomatosis. No hematoma was identified.

Conclusion

This case report demonstrated how metastatic lesions can mimic subdural hematomas. This disease carries a poor prognosis. Diagnosing and managing this rare entity warrants high suspicion to guide the patient and the family members in decision-making.
A rare case report of primary malignant melanocytoma of foramen magnum and literature review
Authors: Hassan Ahmad , Ahmed Noman , Khalid Shah , Enam S. Ather
Published: February 2025

Background

Primary malignant melanoma is an extremely rare pathology that can occur anywhere in the brain and spinal cord. Patients often present with symptoms like that of brain tumors. This similarity and inability to make a definitive diagnosis from radiological imaging alone make it a challenging diagnosis. Gross total resection is the accepted mainstay of treatment, while histopathological biopsy can confirm the diagnosis.

Case Description

A young gentleman who was otherwise healthy presented with neck pain and right-sided weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extra-axial mass at the level of the foramen magnum. The patient underwent lateral sub-occipital craniotomy with C1 laminectomy and maximum safe resection of the lesion. Intra-operatively, a firm, moderately vascular black-colored dura-based lesion was found. The frozen section revealed highly pigmented spindle cell neoplasm, and histopathology confirmed that it was malignant melanoma. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable.

Conclusion

Primary malignant melanoma is rare and very challenging to diagnose. It demands an early diagnosis and meticulous surgical management for a favorable prognosis.
Empowering Cyclone Preparedness: An Integrated GIS-AHP based Site Shelter Suitability Mapping of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sudha Rani P. , Suresh Kumar R. , Ramanjaneyulu B. , Mahesh Babu K.
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive approach in mapping Cyclone Shelters in Visakhapatnam using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and weighted overlay techniques. The research integrates multiple geospatial datasets including road networks, elevation (ranging from 18 to 1677 meters), slope, aspect, roughness, hillshade, distance from rivers, distance from the seashore and Land Use Land Cover (LULC). Additionally, population growth data was incorporated, showing an increase from 105,000 in 1950 to 2,385,000 in 2024, with a forecasted population of 3,041,000 by 2035, reflecting a growth rate of 2.32%. Windrose analysis categorized wind speeds into six groups, which are crucial for assessing cyclone impacts.

These nine specific themes were re-scaled into five classes to create a Cyclone Shelter suitability map, classifying areas as not suitable, less suitable, moderately suitable, suitable and highly suitable. Covering 550 square kilometers, the study area is located at 17°69'N latitude and 83°22'E longitude, with an altitude of 900 meters. The resulting Cyclone Shelter map provides a valuable tool for disaster preparedness and response planning in Visakhapatnam, offering critical insights into shelter placement and suitability.
Synthesis, in silico analysis and antidepressant activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: . Anjanaraj , Deshpande Shridhar N. , . Anagha , Revanasiddappa B.C.
Published: February 2025

A new class of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (O1-4) was synthesized and physically characterized by using spectroscopic (IR, 1H-NMR, Mass) methods. In silico studies were performed for all the new compounds and were put through ADME screening with Schrodinger suite 2020-4. Some of the compounds were tested for in vivo antidepressant efficacy utilizing the Forced swimming test and Tail suspension test. The final 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues can potentially be developed into viable antidepressant drugs and might be beneficial as lead compound for pharmaceutical firms based on the in silico and in vivo research.
Statistical Distribution Models for Airborne VOCs (Xylene, Toluene and Benzene) in Visakhapatnam using Burr XII 3P, Log-Logistic 3P and Dagum-I 3P Distributions
Authors: Saripalli Arun Kumar , Akiri Sridhar , Sarode Rekha , Siripurapu Adilakshmi , Ramanaiah M.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the application of advanced statistical models for airborne Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)-specifically xylene, toluene and benzene-using air pollution data collected from the city Visakhapatnam from the year 2018 to 2022. To capture the non-normal distributional behavior of VOC concentrations, three flexible probability distributions were employed: Burr XII 3P, Log-Logistic 3P and Dagum-I 3P. Parameter estimation was performed via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) while model validation was achieved through P–P and Q–Q plots. In order to identify the most suitable distribution for modeling the air pollutant data, three distinct goodness of fit test statistics and five model selection criteria were applied.

The results demonstrate that the Dagum-I 3P distribution best fits xylene and benzene, while the Log-Logistic 3P model is optimal for the moderately skewed toluene concentrations. Cross-validation confirms these findings, highlighting the reliability of tailored distributional models for VOCs. The proposed distributions provide a robust framework for predicting air quality information and conducting accuracy assessments with all calculations and visual indications carried out with R-software. This work underscores the potential of pollutant-specific modeling for improved air quality assessment and management strategies, contributing to environmental health planning in urban-industrial areas.
Isolation, Characterization and Antimalarial Activity of β-Sitosterol from the Leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mull. Arg
Authors: Attah E.A. , Mac-kalunta O.M. , Ibeji Iheanyichukwu J. , Otuokere I.E. , JohnBull O.E.
Published: February 2025

Alchornea cordifolia is well-known for its phytotherapeutic benefits which include potential antimalarial effects. In this study, bioactive components from A. cordifolia leaves were isolated and characterized. Additionally, the antimalarial effects of its crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were examined in vitro on human whole blood infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Standard techniques were employed for extraction, column chromatography and in vitro antimalarial activity. Salkowski and Liebermann-Burchard reactions were performed. The isolated fraction was characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (DEPT 135) and mass spectroscopy. Salkowski and Liebermann-Burchard reactions showed the presence of steroids. The compound interpreted from the spectral results was β-sitosterol. On antimalarial activity, the % parasitaemia after 72 hours was 0.1±0.0 and 0.1±0.6 for crude methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction respectively.

The results compared well with the parasitaemia rates of the standard drugs (chloroquine, 0.1±0.0) and ACT (0.1±0.0). The isolated compound was identified as β-sitosterol, which showed significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
СРЕДСТВА И МЕТОДЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТВОРЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Бирюкова Т.А. , Суботялов М.А.
Published: February 2025

Современный мир со своим неоднозначным и быстро меняющимся контекстом требует от общества развития неординарной творческой личности. Творчество, как поиск новых и нестандартных путей решения, во все времена являлось двигателем прогресса и модернизации жизни людей. Сегодня этот аспект личности человека не теряет своей актуальности по тем же причинам и нуждается в анализе и улучшении методологии развития творческого мышления. Данная статья направлена на исследование сущности творчества в структуре личности человека, а также методов диагностирования и стимулирования творческого начала.

The modern world with its ambiguous and rapidly changing context requires society to develop an extraordinary creative personality. Creativity, as the search for new and non-standard ways of solution, has at all times been the engine of progress and modernisation of people's lives. Today, this aspect of human personality does not lose its relevance for the same reasons and needs to be analysed and improved methodology for the development of creative thinking. This article aims to investigate the essence of creativity in the structure of human personality, as well as methods of diagnosing and stimulating creativity.
Empirical and Numerical Analysis of Bearing Capacity and Lateral Deflection of Pile in Tower-1 of Haji Hospital Medan
Authors: Hamzah Rafika Riza , Roesyanto Roesyanto , Harahap Syiril Erwin
Published: February 2025

The lateral bearing capacity of piles is a crucial factor in foundation design, particularly under lateral loads. This study analyzes the lateral bearing capacity of hydraulic jacked-in piles using the Broms method and interprets loading test results with the Chin and Mazurkiewicz methods. Additionally, numerical analysis of lateral deflection was conducted using the p-y method in LPile and the Finite Element Method (FEM) in PLAXIS 3D to assess compatibility with field test results. The results indicate that the lateral bearing capacity is 16,20 tons using the Broms method, 18,76 tons with the Chin method, and 16,50 tons with the Mazurkiewicz method. The lateral deflection at 200% load was 11,82 mm from field tests, 14,69 mm from LPile, 12,25 mm from PLAXIS 3D (Mohr-Coulomb), and 11,91 mm from PLAXIS 3D (HS Small). The HS Small model yielded the most accurate prediction, closely matching field test results. This research highlights the importance of numerical modeling in predicting lateral pile behavior and provides valuable insights for foundation design under lateral loads.
Scaffold Hopping with Generative Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Rossen Luke , Sirockin Finton , Schneider Nadine , Grisoni Francesca
Published: February 2025

Scaffold hopping – the design of novel scaffolds for existing lead candidates – is a multi-faceted and non-trivial task, for medicinal chemists and computational approaches alike. Generative reinforcement learning can iteratively optimize desirable properties of de novo designs, thereby offering opportunities to accelerate scaffold hopping. Current approaches confine the generation to a pre-defined molecular substructure (e.g., a linker or scaffold) for scaffold hopping. This confined generation may limit the exploration of the chemical space, and require intricate molecule (dis)assembly rules. In this work, we aim to advance reinforcement learning for scaffold hopping, by allowing ‘unconstrained’, full-molecule generation. This is achieved via the RuSH (Reinforcement Learning for Unconstrained Scaffold Hopping) approach. RuSH steers the generation towards the design of full molecules having a high three-dimensional and pharmacophore similarity to a reference molecule, but low scaffold similarity. In this first study, we show the flexibility and effectiveness of RuSH in exploring analogs of known scaffold-hops and in designing scaffold-hopping candidates that match known binding mechanisms. Finally, the comparison between RuSH and two established methods highlights the benefit of its unconstrained molecule generation to systematically achieve scaffold diversity while preserving optimal three-dimensional properties.
Learning from failures: anatomy and post-mortem analysis of an unsuccessful search for inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 papain-like protease
Authors: Silva Pedro
Published: February 2025

Details of failed computer-aided molecular design campaigns are lacking in the published literature due to the prevalent preference for the publication of positive results and successful research narratives. The lessons learned from failed endeavors therefore remain circumscribed to the gray literature and to the institutional memories of research groups, which may prevent the identification of common pitfalls or the sharing of lessons learned from these failures. In this report we describe a promising inhibitor- design campaign which unexpectedly failed in the experimental test phase, and the likely source for that failure. The target protein for this research was the papain-like protease (PLPro) from SARS-CoV2, which cleaves the host's interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein and leads to the weakening of type 1 interferon response. In this work, we have performed a QSAR-based search of the PubChem database to find molecules with higher affinity to PLPro and, consequently, better inhibitory effect than previously-confirmed inhibitor GRL-0167. The 50 detected candidates were docked to the structure of PLPro, and the complexes of the three molecules bound to the experimentally-confirmed S3-S4 pocket were subjected to triplicate molecular dynamics simulations to ascertain the stability of the binding mode. The simulations showed that one of the candidates remained stably bound to the inhibitory pocket. Analysis of binding energies showed that this molecule was at least as good a binder as previously-confirmed inhibitors. Despite such promising results, these candidates failed experimental validation, and a simple, newly-developed, computational protocol identified self-aggregation as the likely reason for this lack of success. Widespread adoption of this simple protocol will highlight ligands prone to this unhelpful behavior, and hopefully increase the success rate of future molecular design campaigns.
Effects of Ligands on the Cerium-Catalysed Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer
Authors: Stahl Jessica , Fischer Marcel , Nuernberger Patrick , Koenig Burkhard
Published: February 2025

Benzoate anions coordinate to cerium ions. Excitation of such complexes by light leads to homolytic oxygen-cerium bond cleavage through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). This process results in the reduction of the metal ion and the oxidation of the ligand via a single-electron transfer event. The resulting benzoic acid radical can serve as a potent hydro-gen atom abstractor, facilitating the activation of carbon atoms via C-H activation. This study investigated the scope of other oxo-anions and other ligands on cerium(IV) ions that undergo synthetically useful LMCT processes. As a model reaction, the nucleophilic carbon-centred radical from C-H abstraction in alkyl esters was reacted with phthalimide derivatives.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Tetrahydropyridazine through Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Aza-Diels-Alder Reaction of Olefins with Azoalkenes in Situ Generated from α‑Halogeno Hydrazones
Authors: Li Shi-Wu , Li Wei , Zhao Zhifei
Published: February 2025

An efficient inverse electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction of different types of olefins and 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes, which could be readily formed in situ from α-halogeno hydrazones and a base, has been successfully developed. With the developed approach, a wide range of fused polycyclic tetrahydropyridazines were smoothly obtained in up to 95% yield and ee up to 98% with dr >20:1 under optimal reaction conditions. A gram-scale experiment and further derivatizations of the polycyclic tetrahydropyridazine products were also conducted to verify the practicability of the methodology.
Metastable Sodium closo-Hydroborates for Low Temperature All-Solid-State Battery with Thick Cathode
Authors: Oh Jin An Sam , Yu Zihan , Huang Chen-Jui , Ridley Phillip , Liu Alex , Zhang Tianren , Hwang Bingjoe , Griffith Kent , Ong Shyue Ping , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: February 2025

All-solid-state batteries featuring a thick cathode layer paired with a high-capacity alloy anode offer enhanced energy density1,2 and reliable performance, even at subzero temperatures, can outperform their liquid-based counterparts. Enabling such technology requires a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, mechanical formability, and excellent electrochemical stability3. While non-close-packed frameworks offer lower symmetry and irregular coordination between mobile ions and anions due to distortion, resulting in higher ionic conductivity4,5, fast ionic diffusion in hydroborate chemistry is often associated with close-packed or cubic anion frameworks6-9. Here, we demonstrate that a metastable, non-close-packed orthorhombic Na3(B12H12)(BH4) phase possesses superionic conductivity of 4.6 mS cm−1 at 30 °C, three orders of magnitude improvement over its precursors, alongside excellent reduction stability. High-throughput molecular dynamic simulations reveal that the propensity for anion motion significantly enhances the population of highly mobile Na+ without affecting the activation energy. By leveraging its high conductivity across a wide temperature range, this material enables the development of all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries with ultra-thick cathodes, delivering reliable functionality at room temperature and in subzero environments. This study expands our understanding of hydroborate-based solid electrolytes, highlighting their potential for high ionic conductivity and broad electrochemical stability windows in next-generation energy storage systems.
CGsmiles: A Versatile Line Notation for Molecular Representations Across Multiple Resolutions
Authors: Grünewald Fabian , Seute Leif , Alessandri Riccardo , König Melanie , Kroon Peter
Published: February 2025

Coarse-grained (CG) models simplify molecular representations by grouping multiple atoms into effective particles, enabling faster simulations and reducing the chemical compound space compared to atomistic methods. Additionally, models with chemical specificity, such as Martini, may extrapolate to cases where experimental data is scarce, making CG methods highly promising for high-throughput (HT) screenings and chemical space exploration. Yet no rigorous data formats exist for the crucial aspect of describing how the atoms are grouped (i.e., the mapping). As CG models advance toward true HT capabilities, the lack of mappings and indexing capabilities for the growing number of CG molecules poses a significant barrier. To address this, we introduce CGsmiles, a versatile line notation inspired by the popular Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) and BigSMILEs. CGsmiles encodes the molecular graph and particle (atom) properties independent of their resolution and incorporates a framework that allows seamless conversion between coarse- and fine-grained resolutions. By specifying fragments that describe how each particle is represented at the next finer resolution (e.g. CG particles to atoms), CGsmiles can represent multiple resolutions and their hierarchical relationships in a single string. In this paper, we present the CGSmiles syntax and analyze a benchmark set of 407 molecules from the Martini force field. We highlight key features missing in existing notations that are essential for accurately describing CG models. To demonstrate the utility of CGsmiles beyond simulations, we construct two simple machine-learning models for predicting partition coefficients, both trained on CGsmiles-indexed data and leveraging information from both CG and atomistic resolutions. Finally, we briefly discuss the applicability of CGsmiles to polymers, which particularly benefit from the multiresolution nature of the notation.
Échelle de disposition à résister au changement (ÉDRAC) : adaptation transculturelle en contexte québécois de la « resistance to change scale (RTC) »
Authors: Loi Zedda Maude , Frenette Eric , Thibodeau Stéphane , Forget Pascal
Published: February 2025

Cette recherche présente la « Resistance To Change Scale » (Oreg, 2003a) et son adaptation en contexte québécois. Cette échelle concerne la disposition à résister au changement, trait reflétant une attitude négative à l’égard de ce dernier. Quatre études ont été réalisées. D’abord, une version préliminaire a été effectuée par la méthode de traduction inversée, et ensuite, elle a été évaluée par des experts et des enseignants. Puis, deux prétests auprès de deux échantillons d’étudiants universitaires ont été effectués. Finalement, l’Échelle de Disposition à Résister Au Changement (ÉDRAC) a été soumise à 294 étudiants de 1er cycle. L’ÉDRAC présente diverses preuves de validité et offre un portrait de la disposition à résister au changement des étudiants. Ses caractéristiques sont discutées.
Shifting routines among families with school-age children with disabilities due to mandatory school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Québec, Canada
Authors: Giordano Gustina , Kathol Katja , Flanagan Dr. Tara
Published: February 2025

This study explored the changes in routine and emotional themes experienced by families of children with learning differences or disabilities due to mandatory school closures during COVID-19 in Québec, Canada. A questionnaire was used to compare the family routines of 21 participants before and after the school closures. The study’s findings highlight an overall concern regarding the social and emotional outcomes of long-term school closures. Family routines after the school closures included increased technology usage, lack of socialization, cease or decline of extracurriculars and therapies, and an increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety among school-aged children with learning differences and disabilities. The authors suggest enhanced support services to mitigate negative outcomes among school-aged children with learning differences and disabilities.