bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stable Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Lithiophilic Core‐Shell Nanowires on Copper Foam
Authors: Chen Guoshuai , Li Zhujie , Zhao Teng , Wang Ke , Yu Tianyang , Feng Mai , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: May 2024

Lithium (Li) metal batteries have attracted considerable research attention due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity. However, the commercialization of Li metal batteries faces challenges, primarily attributed to uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites, which raises safety concerns and lowers coulombic efficiency. To mitigate Li dendrites growth and attain dense Li deposition, the hybrid SiO2‐Cu2O lithiophilic film applied to a 3D copper foam current collector is developed to regulate the interfacial properties for achieving even and dense Li deposition. The SiO2‐Cu2O possesses strong Li+ trapping capability through strong lithiophilicity from Cu2O. Additionally, the SiO2‐Cu2O enables uniform ion diffusion through the domain‐limiting effect of the holes in the SiO2 layer, inducing an even and dense Li plating/stripping behavior at a large capacity. Furthermore, the SiO2 layer promotes the formation of an initial high inorganic content Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) through selective preferential binding with anion and solvent molecules. When the SiO2‐Cu2O@Li anode is coupled with a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode, the resulting full cell exhibits superior cycling stability and rate performance. These results provide a facile approach to construct a lithiophilic current collector for practical Li metal anodes.
Ultrafast‐Loaded Nickel Sulfide on Vertical Graphene Enabled by Joule Heating for Enhanced Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shan Xinyi , Zhu Jiaqi , Qiu Zhong , Liu Ping , Zhong Yu , Xu Xueer , He Xinping , Zhang Yongqi , Tu Jiangping , Xia Yang , Wang Chen , Wan Wangjun , Chen Minghua , Liang Xinqi , Xia Xinhui , Zhang Wenkui
Published: May 2024

The design and fabrication of a lithiophilic skeleton are highly important for constructing advanced Li metal anodes. In this work, a new lithiophilic skeleton is reported by planting metal sulfides (e.g., Ni3S2) on vertical graphene (VG) via a facile ultrafast Joule heating (UJH) method, which facilitates the homogeneous distribution of lithiophilic sites on carbon cloth (CC) supported VG substrate with firm bonding. Ni3S2 nanoparticles are homogeneously anchored on the optimized skeleton as CC/VG@Ni3S2, which ensures high conductivity and uniform deposition of Li metal with non‐dendrites. By means of systematic electrochemical characterizations, the symmetric cells coupled with CC/VG@Ni3S2 deliver a steady long‐term cycle within 14 mV overpotential for 1800 h (900 cycles) at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. Meanwhile, the designed CC/VG@Ni3S2‐Li||LFP full cell shows notable electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 92.44% at 0.5 C after 500 cycles and exceptional rate performance. This novel synthesis strategy for metal sulfides on hierarchical carbon‐based materials sheds new light on the development of high‐performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
Surface Facets Reconstruction in Copper‐Based Materials for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xie Zezhong , Wang Qiushi , Yang Hao , Feng Jin , Chen Jian , Song Shuqin , Meng Changgong , Wang Kun , Tong Yexiang
Published: May 2024

The unavoidable and unpredictable surface reconstruction of metallic copper (Cu) during the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction process is a double‐edged sword affecting the production of high‐value‐added hydrocarbon products. It is crucial to control the surface facet reconstruction and regulate the targeted facets/facet interfaces, and further understand the mechanism between activity/selectivity and the reconstructed structure of Cu for CO2 reduction. Based on the current catalyst design methods, a facile strategy combining chemical reduction and electro‐reduction is proposed to achieve specified Cu(111) facets and the Cu(110)/(111) interfaces in reconstructed Cu derived from cuprous oxide (Cu2O). The surface facet reconstruction significantly boosted the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into multi‐carbon (C2+) products comparing to the unmodified catalyst. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the Cu(110)/(111)s interface between Cu(110) and a small amount of Cu(111) can tailor the reaction routes and lower the reaction energy barrier of C–C coupling to ethylene (C2H4). The work will guide the surface facets reconstruction strategy for Cu‐based CO2 electrocatalysts, providing a promising paradigm to understand the structural variation in catalysts.
The Quest for Two‐Dimensional MBenes: From Structural Evolution to Solar‐Driven Hybrid Systems for Water‐Fuel‐Energy Generation and Phototherapy
Authors: Tao Junyang , Arshad Naila , Maqsood Ghazala , Asghar Muhammad Sohail , Zhu Fengshuai , Lin Liangyou , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Wang Xianbao
Published: May 2024

The field of 2D materials has advanced significantly with the emergence of MBenes, a new material derived from the MAX phases family, a novel class of materials that originates from the MAX phases family. Herein, this article explores the unique characteristics and morphological variations of MBenes, offering a comprehensive overview of their structural evolution. First, the discussion explores the evolutionary period of 2D MBenes associated with the several techniques for synthesizing, modifying, and characterizing MBenes to tailor their structure and enhance their functionality. The focus then shifts to the defect chemistry of MBenes, electronic, catalytic, and photothermal properties which play a crucial role in designing multifunctional solar‐driven hybrid systems. Second, the recent advancements and potentials of 2D MBenes in solar‐driven hybrid systems e.g. photo‐electro catalysis, hybrid solar evaporators for freshwater and thermoelectric generators, and phototherapy, emphasizing their crucial significance in tackling energy and environmental issues, are explored. The study further explores the fundamental principles that regulate the improved photocatalytic and photothermal characteristics of MBenes, highlighting their promise for effective utilization of solar energy and remediation of the environment. The study also thoroughly assesses MBenes' scalability, stability, and cost effectiveness in solar‐driven systems. Current insights and future directions allow researchers to utilize MBenes for sustainable and varied applications. This review regarding MBenes will be valuable to early researchers intrigued with synthesizing and utilizing 2D materials for solar‐powered water‐energy‐fuel and phototherapy systems.
Rapid, Micron‐Resolution 3D Printing of Nd:YAG Ceramic with Optical Gain
Authors: Liu Luyang , Wang Wenbo , Feng Shuai , Liu Siying , Sun Haofan , Nian Qiong , Yang Sui , Chen Xiangfan
Published: May 2024

Polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic doped with neodymium (Nd), referred to as Nd:YAG, is widely used in solid‐state lasers. However, conventional powder metallurgy methods suffer from expenses, time consumption, and limitations in customizing structures. This study introduces a novel approach for creating Nd:YAG ceramics with 3D free‐form structures from micron (∼70 µm) to centimeter scales. Firstly, sol‐gel synthesis is employed to form photocurable colloidal solutions. Subsequently, by utilizing a home‐built micro‐continuous liquid interface printing process, precursors are printed into 3D poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels containing yttrium, aluminum, and neodymium hydroxides, with a resolution of 5.8 µm pixel−1 at a speed of 10 µm s−1. After the hydrogels undergo thermal dehydration, debinding, and sintering, polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics featuring distinguishable grains are successfully produced. By optimizing the concentrations of the sintering aids (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and neodymium trichloride (NdCl3), the resultant samples exhibit satisfactory photoluminescence, emitting light concentrated at 1064 nm when stimulated by a 532 nm laser. Additionally, Nd:YAG ceramics with various 3D geometries (e.g., cone, spiral, and angled pillar) are printed and characterized, which demonstrates the potential for applications, such as laser and amplifier fibers, couplers, and splitters in optical circuits, as well as gain metamaterials or metasurfaces.
Nanoscale Phase and Orientation Mapping in Multiphase Polycrystalline Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Thin Films Using 4D‐STEM and Automated Diffraction Indexing
Authors: Baucom Garrett , Hershkovitz Eitan , Chojecki Paul , Nishida Toshikazu , Tabrizian Roozbeh , Kim Honggyu
Published: May 2024

Ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) holds promise for nextgeneration memory and transistors due to its superior scalability and seamless integration with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor processing. A major challenge in developing this emerging ferroelectric material is the metastable nature of the non‐centrosymmetric polar phase responsible for ferroelectricity, resulting in a coexistence of both polar and non‐polar phases with uneven grain sizes and random orientations. Due to the structural similarity between the multiple phases and the nanoscale dimensions of the thin film devices, accurate measurement of phase‐specific information remains challenging. Here, the application of 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy is demonstrated with automated electron diffraction pattern indexing to analyze multiphase polycrystalline HZO thin films, enabling the characterization of crystallographic phase and orientation across large working areas on the order of hundreds of nanometers. This approach offers a powerful characterization framework to produce a quantitative and statistically robust analysis of the intricate structure of HZO films by uncovering phase composition, polarization axis alignment, and unique phase distribution within the HZO film. This study introduces a novel approach for analyzing ferroelectric HZO, facilitating reliable characterization of process‐structure‐property relationships imperative to accelerating the growth optimization, performance, and successful implementation of ferroelectric HZO in devices.
Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Activities of Seaweed Polysaccharides: A Review
Authors: Yang Maohui , Deng Qingfang , Chen Ruhai , Sun Yu , Zhou Xin , Chen Huaguo
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a thorough review of the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of polysaccharides obtained from seaweed. The focus is on the polysaccharide compositions of green algae, brown algae, and red algae, which are systematically compared and analyzed. It has been discovered that while there are similarities in the extraction and purification processes of seaweed polysaccharides, there are also significant differences and unique features in their structural characteristics and biological activities. These differences are not only reflected in the chemical composition of the polysaccharides but are also closely related to their sources and extraction methods. The relationship between the structure and activity of seaweed polysaccharides will aid in comprehending the biological activity mechanism of marine organisms. This review provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of new types of marine drugs or functional foods.
The degree of bowel remission predicts phenotype progression in Crohn's disease
Authors: Fernandes Samuel Raimundo , Bernardo Sónia , Saraiva Sofia , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Moura Santos Paula , Valente Ana , Araújo Correia Luís , Cortez‐Pinto Helena , Magro Fernando
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are at risk of progressing from inflammatory to stricturing and penetrating phenotypes. The influence of the depth of remission on the risk of progression has not been adequately evaluated.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study including surgically naïve CD patients with inflammatory phenotype evaluated concomitantly by magnetic resonance enterography and colonoscopy. The degree of remission was correlated with the risk of progressing to stricturing and penetrating phenotypes.

Results

Three hundred nineteen CD patients were included: 27.0% with transmural remission, 16.0% with isolated endoscopic remission, 14.4% with isolated radiologic remission, and 42.6% without remission. Patients with transmural remission presented the lowest rates of phenotype progression (1.2%), with a significant difference compared to isolated radiologic remission (10.9%, p = 0.019), to isolated endoscopic remission (19.6%, p ≤ 0.001), and to no remission (46.3%, p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, transmural remission (OR 0.017 95% CI 0.002–0.135, p < 0.001), isolated radiologic remission (OR 0.139 95% CI 0.049–0.396, p < 0.001), and isolated endoscopic remission (OR 0.301 95% CI 0.123–0.736, p = 0.008) resulted in lower rates of phenotype progression compared to no remission. No patient with transmural or isolated radiologic remission progressed to penetrating phenotypes.

Conclusion

The degree of bowel remission correlates with the risk of phenotype progression. Patients with transmural remission are at the lowest risk of progressing to stricturing and penetrating phenotypes.
Correlation of wind and precipitation annual aggregate severity of European cyclones
Authors: Jones Toby P. , Stephenson David B. , Priestley Matthew D. K.
Published: May 2024

This study has investigated the correlation between wind gust and precipitation annual aggregate severity arising from extratropical cyclones over the Europe‐Atlantic region. Annual aggregate severity indices have been constructed by summing exceedances above chosen damage thresholds of wind gust and precipitation accumulation for all storms. A strong positive correlation between wind and precipitation aggregate severity exists at low thresholds. At higher thresholds where severity indices are a better reflection of wind and flood losses, negative correlations occur over Western Europe. These aggregates should therefore not be assumed to be either independent or positively correlated.
Probing positivity at the LHC with exclusive photon-fusion processes
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Shu Chi
Published: May 2024

Abstract

By tagging one or two intact protons in the forward direction, it is possible to select and measure exclusive photon-fusion processes at the LHC. The same processes can also be measured in heavy ion collisions, and are often denoted as ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) processes. Such measurements open up the possibility of probing certain dimension-8 operators and their positivity bounds at the LHC. As a demonstration, we perform a phenomenological study on the γγ → ℓ+ℓ− processes, and find out that the measurements of this process at the HL-LHC provide reaches on a set of dimension-8 operator coefficients that are comparable to the ones at future lepton colliders. We also point out that the γq → γq process could potentially have better reaches on similar types of operators due to its larger cross section, but a more detailed experimental study is need to estimate the signal and background rates of this process. The validity of effective field theory (EFT) and the robustness of the positivity interpretation are also discussed.
Tensor network representation of non-abelian gauge theory coupled to reduced staggered fermions
Authors: Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Catterall Simon , Meurice Yannick , Sakai Ryo , Toga Goksu Can
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We show how to construct a tensor network representation of the path integral for reduced staggered fermions coupled to a non-abelian gauge field in two dimensions. The resulting formulation is both memory and computation efficient because reduced staggered fermions can be represented in terms of a minimal number of tensor indices while the gauge sector can be approximated using Gaussian quadrature with a truncation. Numerical results obtained using the Grassmann TRG algorithm are shown for the case of SU(2) lattice gauge theory and compared to Monte Carlo results.
Automatisierte Surveillance und Risikovorhersage mit dem Ziel einer risikostratifizierten Infektionskontrolle und -prävention (RISK Prediction for Risk-stratified Infection Control and Prevention)
Authors: Marschollek Michael , Marquet Mike , Reinoso Schiller Nicolás , Naim Joëlle , Aghdassi Seven Johannes Sam , Behnke Michael , Ehrenberg Sandra , von Landesberger Tatiana , Misailovski Martin , Prasser Fabian , Scherag André , Schlueter Dirk , Wulff Antje ,   RISK PRINCIPE Study Group, Hoogestraat Anna Thalea , Wulff Antje , Prasser Fabian , Peña Diaz Luis Alberto , Geffers Christine , Gietzelt Matthias , Baier Claas , Schlüter Dirk , Hermes Julia , Eckmanns Tim , Boeker Martin , Gebhardt Friedemann , Busch Dirk , Andreeff Anne-Katrin , Sedlmayr Martin , de With Katja , Schaaf Jannik , Storf Holger , Bönniger Meta , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Scheithauer Simone , Misailovski Martin , Reinoso Schiller Nicolás , Kaase Martin , Krefting Dagmar , Wiesenfeld Martin , Dugas Martin , Dalpke Alexander , Pletz Mathias , Marquet Mike , Scherag André , Kesselmeier Miriam , Müller Susanne , Ammon Danny , von Landesberger Tatiana , Baumgartl Tom , Mellmann Alexander , Philipps Christian , Hornberg Claudia Maria , Kurzai Oliver , Kampmeier Stefanie , Pryss Rüdiger , Pletz Mathias , Scheithauer Simone
Published: May 2024

Nosokomiale Infektionen stellen weltweit, aber auch in Deutschland eine enorme Belastung für Patient*innen, Beschäftigte im Gesundheitswesen, Angehörige und die Gesellschaft dar. Zentrale Aufgaben der Infektionsprävention sind die Erfassung und Bewertung von Infektionen mit dem Ziel, Präventionspotenziale und Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren, geeignete Maßnahmen zu ergreifen und schließlich zu bewerten. Aus Sicht der Infektionsprävention wäre es von großem Wert, wenn (i) das Erfassen der Infektionsfälle automatisiert werden könnte und wenn (ii) es möglich wäre, im Voraus besonders gefährdete Patient*innen und Patient*innengruppen zu identifizieren, die von spezifischen und/oder zusätzlichen Interventionen profitieren würden.

Um diese risikoadaptierte bzw. individualisierte Infektionsprävention zu erreichen, entwickelt das Forschungsprojekt RISK PRINCIPE auf der Grundlage standardisierter, großer Datenbestände Algorithmen und computergestützte Anwendungen, welche Fachwissen im Bereich der Infektionsprävention nutzen.

Im Rahmen des Projekts werden 2 Ziele verfolgt: a) die Entwicklung sowie Validierung eines semiautomatischen Surveillance-Systems für im Krankenhaus erworbene Blutstrominfektionen, prototypisch für nosokomiale Infektionen, und b) die Verwendung von umfangreichen Patient*innendaten aus verschiedenen Quellen zur Erstellung eines individuellen oder gruppenspezifischen Infektionsrisikoprofils.

RISK PRINCIPE baut auf das Zusammenbringen der Expertisen von Medizininformatik und Infektionsmedizin mit dem Fokus auf Hygiene und nutzt u. a. Informationen und Erfahrungen aus 2 Konsortien (HiGHmed und SMITH) der deutschen Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII), die bereits über 5 Jahre erfolgreich an infektionsmedizinischen Anwendungsfällen gearbeitet haben.
Deep cardiac phenotyping by cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals subclinical focal and diffuse myocardial injury in patients with psoriasis (PSOR-COR study)
Authors: Gröschel Jan , Grassow Leonhard , Blaszczyk Edyta , Lommel Kerstin , Kokolakis Georgios , Sabat Robert , Schulz-Menger Jeanette
Published: May 2024

Background

Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder frequently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to provide a prospective tissue characterization in patients with PV without major CVD using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods

Patients with PV underwent laboratory assessment, a 12-lead and 24-h ECG, and a CMR exam at a 1.5-T scanner. Scan protocol included assessment of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular function and strain analysis, native and post-contrast T1 mapping, T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).

Results

In total, 60 PV patients (median(IQR) age in years: 50.0 (36.0–60.8); 34 men (56.7%)) were recruited and compared to 40 healthy volunteers (age in years: 49.5 (37.3–57.8); 21 men (53.0%)). No differences were found regarding LV and RV function (p = 0.78 and p = 0.75). Global radial and circumferential strains were lower in patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). PV had higher global T1 times (1001 (982–1026) ms vs. 991 (968–1005) ms; p = 0.01) and lower global T2 times (48 (47–49) ms vs. 50 (48–51) ms; p < 0.001); however, all values were within local reference ranges. Focal non-ischemic fibrosis was observed in 17 (28.3%) PV patients.

Conclusion

Deep cardiac phenotyping by CMR revealed subclinical myocardial injury in patients with PV without major CVD, despite preserved LV and RV function. Diffuse and focal fibrosis might be the first detectable signs of adverse tissue remodeling leading to reduced circumferential and radial myocardial deformation. In the background of local and systemic immunomodulatory therapy, no signs of myocardial inflammation were detected. The exact impact of immunomodulatory therapies on the myocardium needs to be addressed in future studies.

Study registration

ISRCTN71534700

Graphical Abstract
Proposal and evaluation of new models for predicting the FRP contribution to shear strength in reinforced concrete beams using gene expression programming
Authors: Alacali Sema , Akkaya Hasan Cem , Sengun Kadir , Arslan Guray
Published: May 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used in shear strengthening applications of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The accurate prediction of the FRP contribution to the shear strength of beams is essential for reliable design. Gene expression programming (GEP) has been widely utilized because it reliably expresses complex relationships between experimental variables. In this study, three new GEP models are proposed for three different strengthening configurations of FRP such as fully-wrapping, U wrapping, and side-bonding to predict the FRP contribution to shear strength. These models are developed using the most comprehensive database containing a total of 811 strengthened beams (350 fully-wrapped, 328 U-wrapped, and 133 side-bonded. Many variables have been considered in the proposed GEP models, including those that have been experimentally effective but are often neglected in existing literature equations, such as the shear span-to-effective depth ratio $$(a/d)$$

(
a
/
d
)

and the stirrup ratio ($${\rho }_{w}$$

ρ
w

). Additionally, the reliability of existing equations in the literature and the proposed GEP models for predicting the FRP contribution to shear strength was statistically evaluated. As a result of this evaluation, the proposed GEP models for each strengthening configuration of FRP yielded the most accurate statistical results, with the lowest coefficient of variation (COV), and the highest coefficient of correlation (R).
Comparative effectiveness of peroneus longus tendon (PLT) autografts versus hamstring tendon (HT) autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Fernandes André , Park Shin Young , Lim Hayeon , Sayudo Iqbal Farhan , Leibovitch Liron , Machinski Elcio , Ha Joon
Published: May 2024

The hamstring tendon (HT) autograft is currently the most widely utilised autograft option for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, recent studies endorse the peroneus longus tendon (PLT) autograft as a viable alternative. To evaluate this, we systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy of PLT against HT autografts. Our search encompassed Cochrane, Embase, OVID, PubMed, and Scopus databases for RCTs comparing outcomes of PLT and HT autografts in ACL reconstruction. Primary outcomes included Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, while secondary outcomes involved American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, graft diameters and donor-site complications. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) and heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. 683 patients from 6 RCTs were included, with 338 (49.5%) patients treated with PLT autografts. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 30 months. Despite lower preoperative Lysholm scores in the PLT group, no significant differences were observed at 6 and 12 months. Although preoperative and 6-month IKDC scores were lower in the PLT group, no significant differences were found at 12 and 24 months. AOFAS scores showed no significant preoperative difference, but slightly lower scores were noted in the PLT group at 12 or 24 months. There was no significant difference in graft diameter, while donor-site complications were fewer in the PLT group. In summary, the PLT autograft is a promising and non-inferior alternative to the HT autograft, demonstrating equivalent outcomes in patient-reported knee and ankle metrics, comparable graft diameters and fewer donor-site complications.
Deciphering Middle Stone Age Technological Behaviors: An Analysis of the Lithic Technology from Level VI-B at Mumba, Tanzania
Authors: Solano-Megías Irene , Maíllo-Fernández José Manuel , Mabulla Audax Z. P.
Published: May 2024

The Mumba rockshelter, located in the northwest of Lake Eyasi is key to understanding the Stone Age in East Africa. The stratigraphy of the site spans the last 130 ka BP and comprises levels from the Middle Stone Age, the Later Stone Age, the Pastoral Neolithic, and the Iron Age. In terms of the Middle Stone Age (MSA), Mumba has helped to define two lithic industries: Sanzako (130 ka BP) and Kisele (90–50 Ka BP) that characterize this techno-complex in northern Tanzania. The Sanzako industry was defined based on level VI-B at Mumba, which was excavated in 1938 by Köhl-Larssen. Here we present the study of the lithic assemblage excavated by Mehlman between 1977 and 1981. Mehlman subdivided this unit into three sublevels (Lower, Middle, and Upper), all of which remained unanalyzed and therefore, unpublished. The main features of the lithic assemblages found in the three sublevels are the presence of discoid, Levallois, and bipolar knapping methods. Additionally, the retouched tools are mainly sidescrapers, denticulates, and notches. This recent research enables us to understand the Sanzako industry in more detail, as well as its nature within the chronocultural framework of the MSA in northern Tanzania.
Prediction of the creeping of AFC based on fuzzy reasoning and Bi-LSTM fusion iteration
Authors: Li Suhua , Xie Jiacheng , Wang Xuewen , Ge Fuxiang
Published: May 2024

The creeping of Armoured Face Conveyor (AFC) is an engineering problem that needs to be avoided in coal mining production process. In this paper, a method for predicting the creeping accident of AFC based on fuzzy reasoning and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) fusion iteration is put forward. Firstly, through the force analysis of the AFC and the fuzzy correlation analysis method in the actual operation process, the reasons for the creeping of AFC are analyzed; Secondly, according to the propulsion characteristics of the AFC in the time sequence development, the method of the AFC running track based on Bi-LSTM neural network is proposed; Then, on the basis of the virtual transformation of the prediction results, a judgment mechanism for the extent of the creeping of the AFC based on fuzzy evidence reasoning based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (D-S evidence theory) is established; Finally, the analysis on the creeping of 9711 full-mechanized mining face in Kaiyuan Mine under virtual environment after 6 cycles of continuous advancement shows that the extent of creeping of AFC is relatively high and coal mining accidents are likely to occur.
Technology and geometry: Fostering young children's geometrical concepts through a research-based robotic coding program
Authors: Aslan Durmuş , Dağaynası Songül , Ceylan Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Geometric concepts are fundamental to early geometry education, and developmentally appropriate practices are crucial for teaching them to young children. Robotic coding is an effective tool in many areas of early mathematics and has significant potential in teaching geometric concepts. This study aimed to test the impact of a research-based robotic coding program on young children's understanding of geometric concepts. A quasi-experimental design was used with two intervention groups. The study involved 52 5-year-old children from a public kindergarten. The intervention-1 group (n = 18) received a research-based robotic coding program, while the intervention-2 group (n = 16) received a research-based no-coding program. The non-intervention group (n = 18) attended their regular program. Data on participants' understanding of geometrical concepts was collected through individual interviews using a geometric shapes classification test. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was utilized to assess the effectiveness of two interventions. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect with the robotic program being more effective. Additionally, follow-up tests indicated that both interventions had a lasting effect on the children's understanding of geometrical concepts. The study highlighted the potential of incorporating robotic coding and relevant research in fostering young children's geometrical development.
Pearl Fisheries in South Asia: Archaeological Evidence from Pre-Colonial and Colonial Shell Middens around the Gulf of Mannar in Sri Lanka
Authors: Siriwardana Thilanka M. , Dissanayake Nadeera H. , Çakırlar Canan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates pre-colonial and colonial-era pearl fisheries in Sri Lanka using archaeological data from the Gulf of Mannar (GoM). Following surface surveys, test pits were excavated in three pearl oyster middens and one coastal settlement. The archaeomalacological study of the molluscan remains from the middens confirms that the pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) was the predominant species exploited, providing a clear picture of the pearl oyster bank ecosystems used at the industrial level. Morphometric analysis of the pearl oysters allows for an assessment of exploitation pressure. Ceramic and radiocarbon analyses date the high impact of the pearl industry from the tenth to the nineteenth centuries. The study of by-catch fauna provides insight into pearl bank ecosystems over time. These archaeological findings highlight the impact of industrial extractions on a single species.
NOMA for Hybrid RF/VLC Systems Using Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces
Authors: Ben Halima Nadhir
Published: May 2024

In this article, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) are used for Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in hybrid Radio Frequency (RF) Visible Light Communications (VLC). The source broadcasts the symbols of K users. The broadcasted signal by the source is reflected by IRS on RF link to reach the relay node R with the same phase. Relay node detects the symbols of K users using Interference Cancelation (IC). Then, relay nodes broadcasts the symbols of K users on VLC link. We show that NOMA using IRS for hybrid RF/VLC offers 12–18 dB gain versus conventional hybrid RF/VLC without reflectors for $$N= 32$$

N
=
32

,168 reflectors. The main advantage of the paper is to enhance the throughput of RF/VLC systems using IRS. The main limitation of the paper is that the results are not valid when energy harvesting is performed.
Firearm Violence Exposure and Functional Disability among Black Men and Women in the United States
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Baker Nazsa S. , Vil Christopher St.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the relationship between firearm violence exposure and functional health among Black adults in the United States (US). We examined associations between different forms of firearm violence exposure (direct, indirect, and community) and functional health with particular attention to differences across sex groups. We used survey data from a nationally representative sample of 3015 Black adult Americans to analyze associations between types of firearm violence exposure and four aspects of functional disability including: the ability to concentrate, walk/use stairs, dress/bathe, and run errands among males and females. The findings indicate notable disparities in exposure and health outcomes based on the exposure type and cumulative exposure to violence. Among males, functional disability was associated most closely with community violence exposure, while direct threats of firearm violence were most consequential for functional health among females. High cumulative exposure to firearm violence was linked to significant risks to functional health, particularly among females. The results shed light on sex differences in the repercussions of firearm violence exposure and emphasize its implications for daily functioning and health. This study contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted impacts of firearm violence on functional well-being and highlights the need for inclusive and culturally sensitive healing approaches based in community settings. There is a critical need for heightened awareness and strategies to enhance the well-being of those disproportionately affected by firearm violence in the US.
Regional comparison of the structure of human well-being related to ecosystem services in coastal areas of Japan: possible effect of anxiety unique to the ria coast
Authors: Shoji Jun , Hori Juri , Kitagawa Takashi , Sugimoto Ryo , Makino Mitsutaku
Published: May 2024

People living in coastal areas have the advantage of accessing a high level of ecosystem services, but are also exposed to the dangers inherent in living by the sea in an area prone to natural disasters. To achieve sustainable utilization of the high ecosystem services of coastal areas, establishment of an effective marine policy based on regional characteristics of human–nature interactions is essential. We compared the structure of perceived satisfaction for five components of human well-being (‘Security’, ‘Basic material for a good life’, ‘Good social relations’, ‘Health’, and ‘Freedom of choice and action’) derived from coastal ecosystem services among three sites in Japan (Wakasa, Sanriku, and Shima) that share the same natural and social backgrounds: highly dependent on fisheries industry, located in the same climate regime (temperate zone), and have similar topographical features (ria coast). Structural equation modeling using the results from questionnaire surveys showed that the three sites shared a common basic structure of the interactions among the five components of human well-being. However, the intensity of interactions among components differed among the three sites. Questionnaire surveys on anxiety about natural disasters and future access to marine ecosystem services were simultaneously conducted at the three sites. The site-specific anxieties were responsible for the difference in the interactions among the five components of human well-being. We propose a method that quantitatively evaluates both positive (satisfaction) and negative (anxiety) aspects of respondents’ subjective assessment as a useful tool for understanding the diversity of human–nature interactions caused by the region-specific natural and social backgrounds of coastal areas.
Immunochromatography Lateral Flow Strip Enhancement Based on Passive Gold Nanoparticles Conjugation to Detect Schistosma haematobium Antigens in Human Serum
Authors: El-Shall Mahmoud N. , Aly Ibrahim , Samen Alaa , Salama Wesam M. , Baakdah Fadi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lateral flow card for the detection of active Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Methods

In order to prepare the immunochromatography lateral flow strip (ICLFS), antibodies purified from schistosomiasis were conjugated passively with gold nanoparticles using a potassium carbonate buffer.

Results

The novel ICLFS was able to correctly identify 64 out of 67 samples of schistosomiasis, 6 out of 90 samples of other parasites, and 0 out of 27 control samples. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were 95.5%, 93.3%, 90%, and 91.4% respectively. Comparatively, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were 91.1%, 88.8%, 85.9%, and 84.4% respectively. The increased sensitivity and specificity of ICLFS produced superior results to those of sandwich ELISA.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ICLFS is more beneficial and precise than sandwich ELISA for detection of S. haematobium infection at early stage.
The Role of Moral Disengagement, Self-Efficacy and Social-Anxiety in Secondary School Teachers’ Prejudice: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Bobba Beatrice , Yuksel Sule , D’Urso Giulio
Published: May 2024

Teachers play a crucial role in fostering inclusive school environments for students from diverse backgrounds. However, harboring prejudiced attitudes towards minority students can have adverse social and psychological effects on these individuals. This study investigates the ethnic and homophobic prejudice profiles of Italian secondary school teachers (N = 552, Mage = 46.15, 76.4% females) using a person-centered approach. It explores how these prejudice profiles predict moral disengagement mechanisms, self-efficacy, and social anxiety among teachers. Participants completed assessments on subtle and blatant ethnic prejudice, attitudes toward the representation of homosexuality, moral disengagement, self-efficacy in teaching, and social anxiety. Latent profile analysis identified three prejudice profiles among teachers: low, moderate, and high prejudice. The results, based on a structural equation model, revealed that teachers with high prejudice profiles were more likely to employ moral disengagement mechanisms and reported higher levels of social anxiety. The study underscores the significance of interventions and monitoring efforts tailored to educators, encompassing their social, moral, and individual dimensions.
A Novel Swine Model for Inducing Functional Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Lin Dawei , Zhang Peng , Zhao Yongchao , Chen Wanjiao , Chen Dandan , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhou Daxin , Ge Junbo
Published: May 2024

Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is the most common TR, although experimental models to effectively study it are scarce; therefore, this study aimed to establish a robust experimental swine model. A swine FTR model was developed using radiofrequency ablation, atrial septostomy, and right atrial volume overload. The baseline and follow-up echocardiography was performed to evaluate the progression FTR and changes in the heart. Autopsy was employed to verify the anatomy of tricuspid valve. One-month post intervention, among the subjects, one (8.3%) exhibited severe FTR, eight (66.7%) exhibited moderate TR, and three (25%) exhibited mild FTR. Each pig developed an atrial septal defect (diameter, 1.5 ± 0.5 cm). The tricuspid annular diameter significantly increased with enlargement of right heart (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found on left heart size and mitral regurgitation. We successfully developed a novel swine FTR model, providing a reliable and effective platform for further research on FTR.

Graphical Abstract

The procedure to induce the FTR model on swines
Phylogenetic Assessment of Understudied Families in Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota, Fungi)—Reporting Uncovered Species and Reflecting the Recent Taxonomic Updates in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Cho Yoonhee , Kim Dohye , Lim Young Woon
Published: May 2024

Hymenochaetales Oberw. is an order classified in Basidiomycota of Fungi, and species in this order display notable diversity. They exhibit various fruiting body shapes, including clavarioid, effused-reflexed, and resupinate basidiomes. Few mycorrhizal species have been reported in Hymenochaetales, but wood-decaying species dominate the order. Hymenochaetaceae Imazeki & Toki and Schizoporaceae Jülich are the most species-rich families within Hymenochaetales, and most species in the Republic of Korea belong to these two families. As such, current taxonomic classification and nomenclature are not reflected upon species in the remaining Hymenochaetales families. For this study, a multifaceted morphological and multigenetic marker-based phylogenetic investigation was conducted to, firstly, comprehensively identify understudied Hymenochaetales specimens in Korea and, secondly, reflect the updates on the species classification. Five genetic markers were assessed for the phylogenetic analysis: nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (nSSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1 gene (TEF1). The results from phylogenetic analysis supported 18 species classified under eight families (excluding Hymenochaetaceae and Schizoporaceae) in Korea. Species formerly placed in Rickenellaceae and Trichaptum sensu lato have been systematically revised based on recent taxonomic reconstructions. In addition, our findings revealed one new species, Rickenella umbelliformis, and identified five formerly nationally unreported species classified under five understudied families. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of Hymenochaetales diversity and highlight the need for continued research.
Associations Between Preadoption Maltreatment and Adoptees’ Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: The Buffering Role of Mindful Parenting
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana , Rato Matilde Paulo , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Pires Raquel
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The main goal of this study was to explore the association between preadoption maltreatment and postadoption child emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBD), while examining the potential buffering role of adoptive parents’ mindful parenting on this association. The potential moderating role of the child’s current age, of the time passed since the adoptive placement, and of the parents’ sex was also explored within the buffering role of mindful parenting.

Method

This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 277 parents (76.2% females) with adoptive children aged 2 to 17 years.

Results

Experiencing preadoption maltreatment and more diverse types of maltreatment were associated with higher EBD among adoptees as perceived by the parents. Mindful parenting had a buffering role in the association between preadoption maltreatment and EBD for adoptees up to 8 years of age and an independent direct explanatory role on EBD for adoptees of all other ages.

Conclusions

Intervening with adoptive parents through mindful parenting programs seems to be relevant to promote adoptees’ mental health.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.
Participatory co-learning for human–wildlife coexistence: Reflections on a novel program applying systems thinking, nonviolent communication, and learning-based approaches
Authors: Kansky Ruth , Maassarani Tarek , Fischer Joern
Published: May 2024

As wildlife habitats become increasingly fragmented, sharing landscapes with wildlife is becoming difficult and complex. Because stakeholders with diverging interests struggle to collaborate to manage human–wildlife interactions, new approaches are needed. Here we reflect on a novel participatory learning program we implemented with farmers in communal conservancies in the Zambezi region of Namibia. The 9 week program aimed to understand why human–wildlife conflict remained a challenge. We combined three theoretical framings in the program design—systems thinking, nonviolent communication, and learning based approaches. We summarize key outcomes of each session and reflect on the overall program. We found a synergistic effect of the three framings and concluded that our integrated program had been a useful collaborative learning tool to understand the human–wildlife governance system, identify interventions, empower communities, and build capacity for collaboration to improve human wellbeing and human–wildlife interactions. Drawing on our experience, we make suggestions for how the program could be adapted for similar or other environmental problems elsewhere.
A survey on social network’s anomalous behavior detection
Authors: Xing Ling , Li Shiyu , Zhang Qi , Wu Honghai , Ma Huahong , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

The onset of Web 3.0 has catalyzed the rapid advancement of social networking, transforming platforms into essential elements deeply embedded within the fabric of daily life. Researchers have proposed several methods for detecting anomalous behaviors in various scenarios. This article provides a comprehensive review of current research and the latest developments in anomalous behavior detection within social networks. We present a hierarchical three-layer categorization scheme based on the distinct characteristics of base-level detection technologies and various datasets. First, anomaly detection based on user behavioral characteristics can intuitively reflect deviations in individual behavior. However, it may overlook the overall network structure’s impact. Second, detecting anomalies within a network’s topological structure highlights structural significance, but may overlook the subtle nuances of individual behavior. Finally, the coordinated fusion method, which blends individual behavioral characteristics and the network’s topological structure, addresses the multifaceted nature of anomalies, yielding a more thorough and accurate anomaly detection strategy. This paper provides an overview and assesses the performance of three anomaly detection methods. Furthermore, we explore the challenges associated with social network anomaly detection and the potential pathways for further research.
A multi-objective particle swarm optimization with a competitive hybrid learning strategy
Authors: Chen Fei , Liu Yanmin , Yang Jie , Liu Jun , Zhang Xianzi
Published: May 2024

To counterbalance the abilities of global exploration and local exploitation of algorithm and enhance its comprehensive performance, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization with a competitive hybrid learning strategy (CHLMOPSO) is put forward. With regards to this, the paper first puts forward a derivative treatment strategy of personal best to promote the optimization ability of particles. Next, an adaptive flight parameter adjustment strategy is designed in accordance with the evolutionary state of particles to equilibrate the exploitation and exploration abilities of the algorithm. Additionally, a competitive hybrid learning strategy is presented. According to the outcomes of the competition, various particles decide on various updating strategies. Finally, an optimal angle distance strategy is proposed to maintain archive effectively. CHLMOPSO is compared with other algorithms through simulation experiments on 22 benchmark problems. The results demonstrate that CHLMOPSO has satisfactory performance.