bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Limbal Relaxing Incisions on Corneal Aberrations
Authors: Eliwa Tamer F. , Abdellatif Mona K. , Hamza Ismail I.
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:

To study the effect of limbal relaxing incisions on corneal aberrations after phacoemulsification with aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

METHODS:

Forty-five eyes underwent microincision cataract surgery with on-axis phacoemulsification incision. These eyes were divided into two groups: limbal relaxing incision group (23 eyes) and control group (22 eyes). In the limbal relaxing incision group, a single limbal relaxing incision was performed on the steepest meridian of corneal topography and the degrees of arc were determined using the DONO-Donnenfeld nomogram. The eyes in the control group were operated on by microincision cataract surgery without limbal relaxing incision. Corneal topography and wavefront analysis over 6-mm pupil size were performed preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively in both groups. Target induced astigmatism vector, surgically induced astigmatism vector, difference vector, magnitude of error, flattening effect, and torque were analyzed using the Alpins vectorial method.

RESULTS:

The limbal relaxing incision group showed significant reduction in topographic astigmatism by 51.87% of preoperative topographical astigmatism (P< .0001). The mean surgically induced astigmatism of limbal relaxing incision was 1.29 ± 0.71 diopters (D), which was close to the mean target induced astigmatism (1.33 ± 0.20 D), whereas the control group did not show a significant change in topographic astigmatism (0.17 ± 0.11 D;P= .73). Higher order aberrations of the cornea did not show significant change in either group except quatrefoil aberration, which significantly increased in the limbal relaxing incision group but not in the control group, with no significant difference between the two groups regarding corneal aberrations.

CONCLUSIONS:

Limbal relaxing incision is an effective method in reducing corneal astigmatism with neutral effect on corneal aberrations.

[J Refract Surg. 2016;32(3):156–162.]
Three-dimensional Printing of Optical Lenses and Ophthalmic Surgery: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Debellemanière Guillaume , Flores Mathieu , Montard Michel , Delbosc Bernard , Saleh Maher
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:

To determine whether the historical Ridley lens could be reproduced with current three-dimensional lens printing technology.

METHODS:

A reproduction of the Ridley lens was printed using the Printoptical Technology (LUXeXceL Group BV, Kruiningen, Netherlands). Photographs and electron microscopy images were taken. Dimensions, weight, anterior and posterior surface radius of curvature, optical transmission, back optical power, and surface analysis using interferometry were obtained.

RESULTS:

The printed lens was 8.10 ± 0.01 mm in diameter, 2.50 ± 0.01 mm thick, and weighed 117 mg. The anterior radius of curvature was 14.63 ± 0.69 mm and the posterior radius of curvature was 10.88 ± 0.22 mm. The back focal length in air was 14.1 ± 0.4 mm. An average 75% transmission in the visible spectrum (400 to 700 nm) was achieved. Surface analysis showed significant surface roughness.

CONCLUSIONS:

The printed reproduction of the Ridley lens was far from current clinical standards, but had the properties of a biconvex lens.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(3):201–204.]
Clinically Relevant Optical Properties of Bifocal, Trifocal, and Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Loicq Jérôme
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:

To experimentally compare the optical performance of three types of hydrophobic intraocular lenses (IOLs): extended depth of focus, bifocal, and trifocal.

METHODS:

The tested IOLs were: TECNIS ZMB00 (bifocal; Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, IL), TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 (extended depth of focus; Abbott Medical Optics), and FineVision GFree hydrophobic (trifocal; PhysIOL, Liège, Belgium). Their surface topography was analyzed by optical microscopy. Modulation transfer function (MTF) and spherical aberrations were determined on optical bench for variable pupil apertures and with two cornea models (0
µ
m and +0.28
µ
m). United States Air Force target imaging was analyzed for different focal points (near, intermediate, and far). Point spread function (PSF) and halos were quantified and compared.

RESULTS:

The three lenses presented step-like optic topography. For a pupil size of 3 mm or greater, clearly distinctive MTF peaks were observed for all lenses: two peaks for the extended depth of focus and bifocal lenses with +1.75 and +4.00 diopters (D) addition, respectively, and three peaks for the trifocal lens with +1.75 and +3.50 addition for intermediate and near vision, respectively. The extended depth of focus and bifocal lens had slightly higher MTF at best focus with the +0.28
µ
m cornea model than with the 0
µ
m model, whereas the trifocal lens was likely to be more independent of the corneal spherical aberrations.

CONCLUSIONS:

It appears that the three lenses rely on light diffraction for their optical performance, presenting halos with comparable intensities. For small pupil apertures (< 3 mm), the MTF peaks for the far and intermediate focal distances of the trifocal and extended depth of focus lenses overlap, but the trifocal lens presented an additional MTF peak for the near focal points.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(4):273–280.]
Stromal Demarcation Line in Pulsed Versus Continuous Light Accelerated Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Nouralishahi Alireza , Hafezi Farhad , Kling Sabine , Peyman Mohamadreza
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:

To compare the stromal demarcation line depth in pulsed versus continuous corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus.

METHODS:

Seventy eyes underwent epithelium-off cross-linking, with 0.1% riboflavin applied during 10 minutes prior to ultraviolet irradiation at 30 mW/cm
2
. Thirty-six eyes received pulsed irradiation (1 second on, 1 second off) for 8 minutes and 34 eyes underwent continuous irradiation for 4 minutes. Total fluence was 7.2 J/cm
2
for both groups. Patients were evaluated at 3 months after the procedure.

RESULTS:

A significantly deeper stromal demarcation line was observed in the pulsed group compared to the continuous group (201.11 ± 27.76 vs 159.88 ± 20.86
µ
m;
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The pulsed corneal cross-linking protocol induced a significantly deeper stromal demarcation line when compared to the 4 minutes of highly accelerated continuous CXL protocol. Neither CXL protocol induced a shallower demarcation line comparable to less accelerated CXL protocols previously reported.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(3):206–208.]
Comparison of Dysfunctional Lens Index and Scheimpflug Lens Densitometry in the Evaluation of Age-Related Nuclear Cataracts
Authors: Faria-Correia Fernando , Ramos Isaac , Lopes Bernardo , Monteiro Tiago , Franqueira Nuno , Ambrósio Renato
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:

To describe the Dysfunctional Lens Index (DLI) from ray-tracing aberrometry and to test its correlations with logMAR corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and lens grading based on the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) and the Scheimpflug-based lens density.

METHODS:

The DLI was calculated by the i-Trace Visual Functional Analyzer (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX). Forty eyes of 30 patients with mild to moderate age-related nuclear cataract were included retrospectively. Nuclear opalescence grading was obtained by slit lamp using the LOCS III, and objective lens densitometry was evaluated by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The average density parameter obtained by Scheimpflug imaging of the nucleus lens was considered.

RESULTS:

The DLI showed a high negative linear correlation with the LOCS III nuclear opalescence score (
r
= −0.662;
P
< .01). The average density of the lens nucleus was positively correlated with the LOCS III nuclear opalescence score (
r
= 0.682;
P
< .01). The CDVA had a stronger relationship with the DLI parameter (
r
= −0.702,
P
< .01) compared to the average density values (
r
= 0.630,
P
< .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

The DLI was correlated with the LOCS III nuclear opalescence score and the Scheimpflug-based lens density. The DLI had a stronger correlation with CDVA compared to the LOCS III classification or the Scheimpflug-based lens density. The DLI may improve the preoperative evaluation of nuclear cataract and the monitoring of its progression.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(4):244–248.]
Impaired Retinal Perfusion Resulting From Vitreoretinal Traction: A Mechanism of Retinal Vascular Insufficiency
Authors: Kashani Amir H. , Zhang Youning , Capone Antonio , Drenser Kimberly A. , Puliafito Carmen , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Williams George A. , Trese Michael T.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate vitreoretinal traction as a mechanism of abnormal retinal vascular perfusion.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective report of three cases demonstrating vitreoretinal traction concurrent with abnormal retinal perfusion. Subjects were retrospectively identified based on clinical records from two tertiary care retina subspecialty practices. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination and ancillary testing as necessary for their standard clinical care. Vascular perfusion was assessed by one or more methods, including wide-field fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Vitreoretinal traction was assessed by clinical examination; intraoperative surgical observations; and fundus imaging, including wide-field, red-free, and color images as well as OCT.

RESULTS:

Three cases are shown in which vitreoretinal traction was clearly documented and correlated with abnormal retinal vascular perfusion. Abnormal vascular perfusion correlated with the distribution of vessels affected by vitreoretinal traction in all cases. Vascular perfusion normalized in all cases after surgery was used to relieve vitreoretinal traction.

CONCLUSION:

The authors demonstrate that vitreoretinal traction can alter retinal vascular perfusion in a reversible fashion. These results suggest that there can be a direct mechanical effect of vitreous traction on retinal vascular perfusion. Further advances in wide-field imaging, wide-field OCT, and OCTA will help better evaluate this cause of retinal vascular insufficiency.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:215–223.]
A Comparison of Intraoperative Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant and Triamcinolone Acetonide Used During Vitrectomy and Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Case Control Study
Authors: Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Mammo Danny A. , Thomas Benjamin J. , Wolfe Jeremy D. , Hassan Tarek S.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Intravitreal corticosteroids may accelerate the normalization of macular morphology after vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling. The authors compared the visual and anatomic outcomes of eyes undergoing this procedure with the intraoperative use of the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) (Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, CA) versus triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) (Triesence; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Interventional, retrospective, consecutive, case-control study.

RESULTS:

Fifty-five participants were included (DEX = 19; IVTA = 36). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months in both the DEX (
P
= .40, .45, .02, .08, respectively) and IVTA (
P
< .01, = .10, < .01, < .01) arms. Similarly, central macular thickness (CMT) improved at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months in both the DEX (
P
< .01, = .03, < .01, < .01) and IVTA (
P
< .01, < .01, < .01, < .01) arms. There were no statistical differences between DEX and IVTA regarding BCVA and CMT.

CONCLUSION:

Both intraoperative DEX and IVTA, used at the completion of vitrectomy and at membrane peeling for epiretinal membrane, were effective in improving visual and anatomic outcomes, though there was a trend toward greater significance with IVTA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:232–237.]
Mobile Health in the Retinal Clinic Population: Access to and Interest in Self-Tracking
Authors: Ludwig Cassie A. , Callaway Natalia F. , Park Joyce Ho , Leng Theodore
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Implementation of mobile health-tracking programs for retinal pathology requires both access to mobile devices and patient motivation to participate in self-tracking. The authors' study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of smartphone and tablet ownership and patient interest in self-tracking among a retinal clinic population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This is an institutional, prospective, cross-sectional survey of 103 retinal clinic outpatients. Consenting patients underwent a one-on-one interview conducted in the examination room during their waiting period by one researcher.

RESULTS:

Overall, 75 of 103 participants (72.2%) reported either owning a smartphone and/or tablet or having access at their household to a device that could be used to track eye health. The majority of participants (69 of 103 participants; 67%) reported interest in using a mobile application (smartphone or tablet) to track their eye health.

CONCLUSION:

These data suggest strong patient interest in the use of mobile devices to track eye health.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:252–257.]
Very Late Reactivation of Retinopathy of Prematurity After Monotherapy With Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Snyder Laura L. , Garcia-Gonzalez Jose Maria , Shapiro Michael J. , Blair Michael P.
Published: April 2016

The authors report a case of very late reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after bevacizumab monotherapy. A female born at 630 g and 24 weeks received two bilateral treatment of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). At 2.5 years of age, ROP reactivated in the form of tractional retinal detachment in one eye and milder reactivation in the other. Although intravitreal bevacizumab treatment is effective in inducing regression of ROP, late reactivation and retinal detachments can occur after initial extended quiescence. Due to alterations of disease progression after bevacizumab, close follow-up by peripheral fluorescein angiography and laser ablation of persistent avascular retina is recommended to prevent disease reactivation and progression to retinal detachment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:280–283.]
A Novel Approach to Understanding Pathogenesis and Treatment of Capillary Dropout in Retinal Vascular Diseases
Authors: Thanos Aristomenis , Todorich Bozho , Trese Michael T.
Published: April 2016

Capillary dropout is a common sequela of endothelial cell dysfunction that underlies the pathology of multiple retinal vascular diseases, including familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Wide-field fluorescein angiography allowed for identification of areas of capillary inflammatory changes and late-phase angiographic posterior and peripheral vascular leakage (LAPPEL). We propose LAPPEL as a precursor in pathogenesis of capillary dropout and a marker of endothelial cell inflammation in the retina. The authors describe a case of FEVR with significant macular edema associated with LAPPEL, which was successfully treated with topical and intravitreal steroids. The implication for disease mechanism and potential future treatment applications are also discussed.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:288–292.]
25-Gauge Vitrectomy and Incomplete Drainage of Subretinal Fluid for the Treatment of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Gotzaridis Stratos , Liazos Efstathios , Petrou Petros , Georgalas Ilias
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the anatomical and functional results of 25-gauge (G) vitrectomy with incomplete drainage of subretinal fluid for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective, noncomparative interventional case series including 100 consecutive patients who underwent 25-G vitrectomy, incomplete drainage of subretinal fluid, cryolaser or endolaser, and SF6 gas tamponade for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was performed.

RESULTS:

Fifty-six percent of retinal detachments were macula-on and 44% were macula-off. Fifty-six percent of patients were phakic and 44% were pseudophakic. Primary anatomical success rate was 94%, and the final success rate was 100%. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.75 logMAR, and mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.39 log-MAR (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSION:

Incomplete drainage of subretinal fluid during vitrectomy for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment does not seem to influence the anatomical success rate. On the contrary, it minimizes the surgical maneuvers, thus reducing perioperative complications.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:333–335.]
An Innovative Surgical Technique for Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium in Yucatan Mini Pigs: Preliminary Results
Authors: Brant Fernandes Rodrigo A. , Koss Michael Janusz , Falabella Paulo , Stefanini Francisco Rosa , Maia Mauricio , Diniz Bruno , Ribeiro Ramiro , Hu Yuntao , Hinton David , Clegg Dennis O. , Chader Gerald , Humayun Mark S.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To develop a safe and efficient surgical procedure for subretinal implantation into porcine eyes of a human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelium (hESC-RPE) monolayer seeded onto a Parylene-C scaffold. This implant is referred to as CPCB-RPE1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Ultrathin Parylene-C scaffolds were seeded with hESC-RPE and surgically implanted into the subretinal space of Yucatan mini pigs (n = 8). The surgery consisted of pars plana vitrectomy, induction of a limited retinal detachment, and peripheral retinotomy for insertion of the monolayer using a novel tissue injector, followed by silicone oil tamponade injection, laser photocoagulation around the retinotomy site, and inferior iridectomy. Oral cyclosporine was administered from day 1 and during the entire follow-up period. Three months later, the animals were euthanized and the eyes and major organs were submitted for histological analysis. Adjacent sections underwent immunohistochemical analysis to detect human cells using anti-TRA-1-85 (human blood group antigen) antibody and DAPI antibodies.

RESULTS:

The cell monolayer was immunopositive for TRA-1-85 3 months after implantation and migration from the Parylene-C scaffold was not detected. One eye had a mild inflammatory reaction around the implant that was negative for human biomarkers. No intraocular or systemic tumors were detected.

CONCLUSION:

The hESC-RPE cells survived for 3 months in this animal model. The surgical procedure for subretinal implantation of CPCB-RPE1 is feasible and safe, without cell migration off the scaffold or development of ocular or systemic tumors.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:342–351.]
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography and OCT Angiography of Minocycline-Induced Retinal and Systemic Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Jung Jesse J. , Chen Michael H. , Sorenson Andrew L. , Rofagha Soraya
Published: April 2016

This is a report of an 80-year-old man with a history of rosacea and rhinophyma treated for 15 years with oral minocycline who developed significant minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation. He also had a history of Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy and had undergone penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in both eyes. Examination revealed slate-grey hyperpigmentation of his body, face, and sclera and black, confluent pigmentation in the central maculae of both eyes. Green wavelength fundus autofluorescence demonstrated speckled hyperautofluorescence in the right eye, and swept-source OCT and OCTA demonstrated pigmented epithelial detachments and significant signal blocking without choroidal neovascularization.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:356–361.]
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated With Severe Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Talcott Katherine E. , Eliott Dean
Published: April 2016

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is thought to occur due to thrombotic occlusion of the central retinal vein at or just posterior to the lamina cribrosa. Studies have shown that the incidence of CRVO may be higher in winter to early spring, suggesting that low vitamin D levels may play a role; however, no studies have measured vitamin D levels in patients with CRVO. In addition, there is mounting evidence that patients with vitamin D deficiency may be predisposed to thrombotic events. The authors report a case of central retinal vein occlusion associated with marked vitamin D deficiency.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:372–375.]
Sutureless Intrascleral Fixation of Secondary Intraocular Lens Using 27-Gauge Vitrectomy System
Authors: Todorich Bozho , Thanos Aristomenis , Woodward Maria A. , Wolfe Jeremy D.
Published: April 2016

Transconjunctival sutureless intrascleral fixation is an important surgical option for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. In this report, the authors describe the technique of using a 27-gauge platform to perform pars plana vitrectomy, lensectomy, and sutureless scleral IOL fixation in a patient with crystalline lens dislocation secondary to Marfan's syndrome. Case report and detailed description of the surgical technique are discussed.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:376–379.]
Multiplayer Kinect Serious Games
Authors: Alshammari Ali , Whittinghill David
Published: April 2016

Single and multiplayer serious Kinect games have been used in many different areas, including education. Due to its relative newness as a technology, a dearth of literature exists concerning the requirements for the use of Kinect games in educational settings. A comprehensive review was conducted to include various perspectives in order to provide background information on the existing research base that upholds the educational uses of these games. The review was built on empirical and theoretical studies conducted in the area of multiplayer Kinect games. A total of (748) articles were screened and (71) coded. While an abundance of convergent evidence from closely related domains has been produced on the subject, providing a set of recommendations for its proper usage; few studies have focused specifically on the role, development and effects of multiplayer Kinect games in educational settings. The potential for Kinect games to enhance learning experiences within educational contexts is promising; however, care must be taken to account for physical safety, emotional safety, and activity structure. Specific recommendations for addressing these important aspects of the use of multiplayer Kinect games are described in detail in the body of this manuscript.
Living with ADHD
Authors: Fellus Osnat O. , Fellus Daniel P.
Published: April 2016

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that is diagnosed in a constantly growing number of individuals in the Western world. This chapter provides a short overview of the shift in the conceptualization of ADHD drawing on the five Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSMs). The authors argue that focusing on the concept of timing and understanding time in ADHD may allow teachers and parents to look beyond using pharmaceutics as the first course of treatment. The chapter concludes with a case study that showcases the experience of timing domains in ADHD.
Ontology-Based Adaptive Dynamic E-Learning Map Planning Method for Conceptual Knowledge Learning
Authors: Chen Tsung-Yi , Chu Hui-Chuan , Chen Yuh-Min , Su Kuan-Chun
Published: April 2016

E-learning improves the shareability and reusability of knowledge, and surpasses the constraints of time and space to achieve remote asynchronous learning. Since the depth of learning content often varies, it is thus often difficult to adjust materials based on the individual levels of learners. Therefore, this study develops an ontology-based adaptive dynamic knowledge concept e-learning mechanism that generates learning maps based on learner characteristics and guides learners effectively. To achieve this goal, this study proposes an adaptive dynamic concept e-learning navigation procedure, designs learning models based on the adaptive learning needs of learners, and develops knowledge map model and learning map model. Finally, this study designs adaptive dynamic concept learning map-planning algorithms based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The learning maps generated by these algorithms meet the dynamic needs of learners by continually adjusting and modifying the learning map throughout the learning process. Adapting the adaptive learning content according to the dynamic needs of learners allows learners to receive more instruction in a limited period.
Robotics for Assisting Children with Physical and Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Tsun Mark Tee Kit , Theng Lau Bee , Siswoyo Jo Hudyjaya , Hui Patrick Then Hang
Published: April 2016

This chapter summarizes the findings of a study on robotics research and application for assisting children with disabilities between the years 2009 and 2013. The said disabilities include impairment of motor skills, locomotion, and social interaction that is commonly attributed to children suffering from Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Cerebral Palsy (CP). As opposed to assistive technologies for disabilities that largely account for restoration of physical capabilities, disabled children also require dedicated rehabilitation for social interaction and mental health. As such, the breadth of this study covers existing efforts in rehabilitation of both physical and socio-psychological domains, which involve Human-Robot Interaction. Overviewed topics include assisted locomotion training, passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation, upper-extremity motor function, social interactivity, therapist-mediators, active play encouragement, as well as several life-long assistive robotics in current use. This chapter concludes by drawing attention to ethical and adoption issues that may obstruct the field's effectiveness.
Helping Struggling Writers
Authors: Dunn Michael
Published: April 2016

Assistive Technology (AT), in the domain of special education, is defined as both tools and services. This chapter provides a description of this definition, what recent national and international writing assessment results indicate, what the characteristics of struggling writers are, and how AT can help these children improve and manage the complex and interdependent task of creating prose, story writing in particular. Key examples of AT services are Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD: a step-by-step process for teaching a student a strategy) and mnemonic strategies (the use of keywords to help a child retain the steps in managing a task such as story writing). In the context of writing, AT can range from a pencil grip to a complete computer system with writing-assistance software. Furthermore, the author reviews his own research studies about story writing and how integral AT is to helping these children. Finally, the need for students' pre-requisite practice with AT is emphasized.
Pathway to Independence
Authors: Krishnaswamy Kavita , Oates Tim
Published: April 2016

Robotic technologies can provide people with disabilities the invaluable tools to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Few studies have investigated how effective and accessible the control of robotic aids is for people with severe physical disabilities with respect to their needs and current facility with technology. Though present-day robotic aids can help people with disabilities with important daily living tasks, there is still room for improvement. In this chapter, an overview of the state-of-the-art robotics that help promote independence for people with disabilities, especially individuals with physical limitations, is presented. Active research areas supporting tasks and services for persons with physical disabilities include development of robotic prototypes, designed specifically for domestic applications, rehabilitation, mobility assistance, personal hygiene care and meal assistance, and education and employment. Existing challenges and recommendations to support and increase independence for persons with motor limitations with robotics technologies are provided as insight to advance research.
Parents as Advocates for Children with IBD at School
Authors: Gordon Maria
Published: April 2016

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an “invisible” chronic illness, which is largely internal without significant observable external symptoms. Children with IBD experience painful and fluctuating physical symptoms caused by intestinal inflammation, as well as side effects from the medications. As a result, they necessitate special accommodations while they are in school. The Quebec Education Act (2010) stipulates that adequate services for a diverse student population must be provided. A case study conducted by Gordon (2013) with five families that participated in individual, semi-structured interviews revealed that families with a child with IBD functioned relatively well. These outcomes are contrary to the literature on families of children with disabilities. However, in Quebec public schools, parents and their children experienced teachers who lacked awareness of IBD and who provided insufficient classroom support. Hence, parents-(predominantly mothers) played an integral role in advocating for necessary accommodations on their child's behalf. This chapter will present the parents' school experiences and conclude with practical recommendations for teachers and families.
Applied Behavior Analysis and Autism
Authors: Askins Mapy Chavez
Published: April 2016

Alcanzando Peru is a not for profit organization that provides educational services based on the principles of applied behavior analysis to children in the Autism Spectrum, their families, and professionals interested in the field around the Spanish speaking world. This chapter is meant to share the data from their services over the last 7 years. It will discuss the ethical and cultural considerations that should be in place when providing early intervention behavioral services to these populations in various Spanish-speaking countries.
Analysis of 3D Corpus Callosum Images in the Brains of Autistic Individuals
Authors: Elnakib Ahmed , Casanova Manuel F. , Soliman Ahmed , Gimel'farb Georgy , El-Baz Ayman
Published: April 2016

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by abnormalities in behavior and higher cognitive functions. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest fiber bundle that connects the left and the right cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. Several studies have revealed an abnormal anatomy of the CC in the brains of autistic individuals that associates this neurodevelopmental condition with impaired communication between the hemispheres. In this chapter, we develop a framework to analyze the CC of autistic individuals in order to provide a diagnostic tool for autism. The key advantage of this approach is the development of a cylindrical mapping that offers simplified coordinates for comparing the brains of autistic individuals and neurotypicals. Experimental results showed significant differences (at the 95% confidence level) between 17 normal and 17 autistic subjects in four anatomical divisions, i.e. splenium, rostrum, genu, and body of their CCs. Moreover, the initial centerline-based shape analysis of the CC documented a promising supplement to the current techniques for diagnosing autism.
Facilitating Learning Resource Retrieval for Students with Disabilities through an Ontology-Driven and Disability-Aware Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Nganji Julius T. , Brayshaw Mike
Published: April 2016

Existing virtual learning environments (VLEs) in educational institutions are not designed with the expectation that students with disabilities will use them. Consequently, retrieving relevant information by some students with disabilities is a challenging task. The focus of this study was to propose the design of VLEs to incorporate ontologies that facilitate information retrieval by students with disabilities in their learning, thus serving as a semantic web-based assistive technology in education. An Ontology-Driven Disability-Aware Personalised E-Learning System (ONTODAPS) was designed and then used to recommend specific learning materials to learners based on their learning goal and disability type. Preliminary results of the evaluation of ONTODAPS, by 30 students with disabilities, indicate that 70% of the participants found ONTODAPS to offer a better personalisation, better access to learning materials (68%) and is easier to use (63%) in retrieving learning materials than Sakai. Thus ONTODAPS serves as an assistive tool in their education through retrieval of relevant learning materials in a suitable format which is compatible with their disability.
A Second Chance
Authors: Barrow Christine S.
Published: April 2016

A qualitative analysis of special education youth who attended school at a recreation center in Brooklyn NY helps provide an understanding of the relationship between alternative high school education and offending. According to Wang and Fredericks (2014), interventions that aim to improve school engagement may promote positive youth development, including reducing involvement in problem behaviors. This study focuses on youth who were at risk for offending due to poor academic performance and previous delinquent involvement. Prior to attending school at this facility, the individuals were previously exposed to an environment that put them at risk for delinquency. This investigation provides support for preventative measures to youth conflict and delinquency by placing them in an environment that promotes pro-social behavior.
Perceptions of Teacher Candidates' Experiences in Paired Placements
Authors: Jechura Jeanine B. , Bertelsen Cynthia Diane
Published: April 2016

This qualitative inquiry described the nature of paired placements within a revolutionary new teacher education program designed to prepare undergraduate teacher education candidates for employment in inclusive early childhood learning environments. The focus of this project, reflecting a Vygotskian lens, has emerged into a five-fold examination: to document the ways that pairs work together, to articulate the outcomes of pairings as contrasted with single arrangements, to identify the practices that make pairings successful or not, to examine the practice of pairing students from the mentor teachers' perspective, and to explore how collaboration between student teachers and mentor teachers lead to critical reflection about teaching. Data sources included semi-structured interviews with teacher candidates and cooperating mentors and teachers, observations and field notes. The site for this study was a university-based early childhood center.
Video Modeling for Learners with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Whitby Peggy J. S. , Ogilvie Christine R. , Garland Krista Vince
Published: April 2016

Video modeling is an evidence-based practice for learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the use of video modeling interventions for learners with other developmental disabilities has received less applied attention in home, community, and classroom settings. This is unfortunate since the research literature supports the use of video modeling interventions for all learners with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the research literature and make suggestions for implementing video modeling with learners who have developmental disabilities other than autism.
A Key to 5G Networks of Tomorrow
Authors: Rehman Aqeel ur , Alam Syed Muhammad Kashif , Murtaza Ahmar , Khan Iqbal Uddin
Published: April 2016

The emergence of mobile telephony increases the options of its deployment and utilization. As the research goes further, it also delivered Generations of Mobile Communication to us after rapid intervals of time. Each advancement is considers as the generation. Till now Forth Generation (4G) is in its maturity phase and researchers are planning to see 5G commercially around 2020. In upcoming Fifth Generation (5G), vision is to reduce latency typically it will be of less than 1ms, as the latency decrease one more thing will be achieved which can be named as Virtually Zero Distance. As the world is becoming the connected world, the availability of data on global network is going to be huge in size. In addition to that the new emerging concepts like Internet of Things (IoT) are giving boost to the requirement of big data storage and analysis. Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept of providing uniquely identifiable objects connectivity to Internet. This chapter is proposed to highlight the IoT concept and its requirements that are directly linked with the 5G Network technology services.
Manifested Consumption
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Mulloo Bibi Nafiisah
Published: April 2016

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in internet-enabled devices including smartphones which have enabled many tasks to be performed online. One of the major activities taking place on these online platforms is shopping. Indeed, shopping has changed the landscape of consumption from visiting conventional physical shops to consuming products and services in a digital arena. Despite a proliferation of both theoretical and empirical studies on smartphones marketplace, there is still a paucity of studies on how mobile phone devices enhance and facilitate consumption from physical marketplace to online market marketspace. This chapter aims to contribute to extant studies on how smartphones impact on consumption process.
Processes, Opportunities, and Challenges Creating and Managing a Scholarly Open Access Journal
Authors: Gaetz Ivan
Published: April 2016

A discussion and detailed understanding of the opportunities and challenges creating and managing a scholarly online open access journal lead to practical guidance for librarians who wish to become involved in this mode of scholarly communication. Academic libraries increasingly take the initiative, or are expected to take a leadership role, in advancing scholarly communication and promoting open access. As librarians understand opportunities available to the academy through scholarly open access journals, the library can position itself better to meet these growing expectations in higher education. The introduction profiles the growing emphasis in academic libraries on scholarly communication and open access then discusses the development of Collaborative Librarianship as an example. Matters related to building a team for a scholarly online journal, technical aspects of online journal publishing, and planning and managing content are also addressed. The conclusion identifies opportunities and challenges, and makes general recommendations.
Collaborating to Create a Fashionable Event
Authors: LaMoreaux Nicole Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

The Adrian G. Marcuse Library at LIM College in New York City has successfully organized a three-day conference dedicated to the past, present, and future of fashion information since 2011. This chapter serves as a case study on how to successfully organize, collaborate, and promote a library-sponsored conference into a successful and institution-supported event. Incremental growth is crucial to the event's success and the author includes information on how to increase the number and diversity of collaborators each year. The chapter will discuss the opportunities and challenges of organizing similar events with collaborative partners. It will discuss the importance of maintaining the original vision of the conference, while also acknowledging the value of including other participants' new ideas. Recognizing the skills needed for organization of the event and then recruiting professionals with those skills are additional keys to success.
Prognostic significance of standardized uptake value on 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Turkolmez Seyda , Aksoy Sabire , Özdemir Elif , Kandemir Zuhal , Yildirim Nilüfer , Özsavran Atiye , Çetindag Mehmet , Köse Kenan
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of standardized uptake value (SUV) on 18 fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thirty-four patients who have histologically proven NPC and underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were included in this study. After 18F-FDG PET/CT, all the patients received radiation therapy and 32 of them received concomitant weekly chemotherapy. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) at the primary tumor and the SUVmaxof the highest neck nodes were determined. The SUVmax-T ranged from 5.00 to 30.80 (mean: 15.37 ± 6.10) and there was no difference between SUVmax-T values for early and late stages (P = 0.99). The SUVmax-N ranged from 3.10 to 23.80 (mean: 13.23 ± 5.76). There was no correlation between SUVmax-T and SUVmax-N (r = 0.111, P = 0.532). There was no difference between the SUVmax-T and the positivity of neck lymph nodes (P = 0.169). The ability of SUVmaks-N to predict stage was obtained by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The area under the curve is 0.856 and the best cut-off value is 7.88. There was a good correlation between SUVmax-N and stage. While the mean SUVmax-T for the alive patients was slightly lower than that for the dead (14.65 ± 5.58 vs. 20.30 ± 7.92, P = 0.061), the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference for SUVmax-N between these two groups (P: 0.494). Cox-regression analysis showed that an increase in SUVmax-T and SUVmax-N was associated with death risk (relative risk [RR]: 1.13, P = 0.078 and RR: 1.052, P = 0.456, respectively). SUVmax-T and SUVmax-N were independent prognostic factors for survival in NPC patients. This will help the clinicians in choosing suitable candidates for more aggressive treatment modalities.
Atrial arrhythmias and scintigraphic “D-shape” sign in pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Ferrando-Castagnetto Federico , Ricca-Mallada Roberto , Selios Valentina , Ferrando Rodolfo
Published: April 2016

Pulmonary hypertension significantly changes biventricular anatomy and physiology, frequently evolving to clinical deterioration and right ventricular failure. The case of a woman developing atrial arrhythmias complicating dipyridamole stress in concomitance with scintigraphic “D-shaped” left ventricle is briefly reported. Although rare, our finding may suggest that nonselective vasodilators should be used with caution in this clinical setting.
Diagnosis, treatment, and management strategy of meningioma during pregnancy
Authors: Gurcay Ahmet , Bozkurt Ismail , Senturk Salim , Kazanci Atilla , Gurcan Oktay , Turkoglu Omer , Beskonakli Ethem
Published: April 2016

The most common benign tumor of the brain is meningiomas. Usually diagnosed between the ages of 40–60, they are more common in women. Studies have shown a strong relationship between hormones and malignancies. Although meningiomas are slow-growing tumors of the brain, pregnancy seems to induce its growth speed. Studies concerning meningiomas and hormone relationship may explain the reason why symptoms during pregnancy flare. More specifically, the estrogen and progesterone receptor may take an active role through signal transduction in inducing the growth of the tumor. Thus, the dilemma of pregnancy + meningioma arises. In this case, a 21-year-old pregnant with a giant meningioma diagnosed on the symptom of loss of sight is reported. Her pregnancy was terminated, and the tumor was excised. Her vision improved and the histopathological examination showed a progesterone receptor positive meningioma. It is a challenging decision to be made by the physician, the patient and the family when deciding if and when pregnancy should be terminated once an intracranial meningioma is diagnosed.
Primary central nervous system teratoma with sarcomatous transformation in a young girl: Report of a rare case
Authors: Mandal Gautam , Das Indranil , Paul Rahul , Mustafi Saunak
Published: April 2016

A 13-year-old girl presented with chief complaints of severe headache and vomiting followed by hemiparesis. Radiological examination suggested a space occupying lesion in the right parietal lobe. Craniotomy and debulking of the tumor mass were done. Histopathological and subsequent immunohistochemical examination showed a tumor composed of fascicle of atypical spindle cells which revealed reactivity to vimentin with interspersed areas of well-differentiated cartilage tissue. Hence, the diagnosis of teratoma with sarcomatous transformation was given. Detailed discussion including review of literature has been made regarding different aspect of the tumor.
Peripheral nerve lipoma: Case report of an intraneural lipoma of the median nerve and literature review
Authors: Teles Alisson , Finger Guilherme , Schuster Marcelo , Gobbato Pedro
Published: April 2016

Adipose lesions rarely affect the peripheral nerves. This can occur in two different ways: Direct compression by an extraneural lipoma, or by a lipoma originated from the adipose cells located inside the nerve. Since its first description, many terms have been used in the literature to mention intraneural lipomatous lesions. In this article, the authors report a case of a 62-year-old female who presented with an intraneural median nerve lipoma and review the literature concerning the classification of adipose lesions of the nerve, radiological diagnosis and treatment.
Bow hunter's syndrome in a patient with a right hypoplastic vertebral artery and a dynamically compressible left vertebral artery
Authors: Cai David , Roach Ryan , Weaver John , McGillicuddy Gerald , Mansell Zachary , Eskander Jonathan , Eskander Mark
Published: April 2016

This is a case report of a 48-year-old man with multiple transient ischemic attacks and a known hypoplastic right vertebral artery (VA) who presented after a syncopal event while turning his head to the left. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the necessity of proper diagnosis and management of cerebrovascular pathology including imaging and surgical intervention in patients with known anatomical anomalies. This study was conducted at Massachusetts, United States of America. Our patient's history was significant for a hypoplastic right VA and a stenotic segment of the right VA at the C3–C4 junction. There was also degeneration of the C3–C4 facet on the left, with osteophyte formation compressing the VA, and a fusion of the C2–C3 segment. Imaging demonstrated obliteration of the left VA flow with head rotation to the left and subsequent reconstitution of flow in the neutral position. After consultation, the patient decided to proceed with surgical management with an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at the level of C3–C4. Symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency including syncopal episodes resolved after treatment. VA anomalies, although uncommon, are important to understand. Our patient presented with an anomalous right VA, as well as severe degenerative changes to the C2/C3 vertebrae that contributed to the development of Bow Hunter's syndrome. It is essential that proper monitoring and follow-up has to be carried out in patients with abnormal cerebral vasculature to minimize the occurrence of Bow Hunter's syndrome.