bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new class of dual responsive self-healable hydrogels based on a core crosslinked ionic block copolymer micelle prepared via RAFT polymerization and Diels–Alder “click” chemistry
Authors: Banerjee Sovan Lal , Singha Nikhil K.
Published: November 2017

Smart dual responsive self-healable hydrogels based on a core crosslinked amphiphilic ionic block copolymer micelle were prepared via RAFT polymerization and Diels–Alder “click” chemistry.
3D hierarchical porous structured carbon nanotube aerogel-supported Sn spheroidal particles: an efficient and selective catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Yao Shunyu , Liu Licheng
Published: November 2017

Novel 3D hierarchical porous structured Sn/CNT-Agls as a selective and efficient electrocatalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate.
Highly stable perovskite solar cells with all-inorganic selective contacts from microwave-synthesized oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Chiang Yu-Hsien , Shih Ching-Kuei , Sie Ang-Syuan , Li Ming-Hsien , Peng Chieh-Chung , Shen Po-Shen , Wang Yu-Po , Guo Tzung-Fang , Chen Peter
Published: November 2017

Highly stable perovskite solar cells with microwave-synthesized IZO and NIO inorganic selective contacts retained 85% of initial PCE after 460 hours light-soaking.
Amorphous Co–Fe–P nanospheres for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Wang Tanyuan , Wang Chao , Jin Yue , Sviripa Anna , Liang Jiashun , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui , Li Qing , Wu Gang
Published: November 2017

Highly efficient OER electrocatalyst based on metal-rich amorphous Co–Fe phosphide was fabricatedviaa non-toxic solvothermal method.
Anchored protease-activatable polymersomes for molecular diagnostics of metastatic cancer cells
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ouk , Lim Jong-Woo , Choi Jihye , Lee Hwunjae , Son Hye Young , Kim Jihye , Park Geunseon , Chun Haejin , Song Daesub , Huh Yong-Min , Haam Seungjoo
Published: November 2017

We have designed unique protease-activatable polymersomes (PeptiSomes) forin situquantitative analysis with high selectivity towards MT1-MMP.
Redox-responsive hyperbranched poly(amido amine) and polymer dots as a vaccine delivery system for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Lv Meng , Li Sha , Zhao Haijie , Wang Kewei , Chen Qianqian , Guo Zhong , Liu Zonghua , Xue Wei
Published: November 2017

PAA-PEI600 and partially carbonized PAA-PEI600-derived polymer dots were designed as vaccine carriers to deliver the model antigen protein ovalbumin (OVA).
Functional peptide-based nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Han Kai , Ma Zhaoyu , Han Heyou
Published: November 2017

Photodynamic therapy as a non-invasive approach has obtained great research attention during the last decade.
Carbazole-containing difluoroboron β-diketonate dyes: two-photon excited fluorescence in solution and grinding-induced blue-shifted emission in the solid state
Authors: Chen Peng-Zhong , Wang Jian-Xin , Niu Li-Ya , Chen Yu-Zhe , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: November 2017

Mechanochromic luminescent materials that exhibit blue-shifted emission upon grinding are reported.
Dual‐buck full‐bridge grid‐connected inverter with common‐mode leakage current elimination
Authors: Dai Yunzhong , Zhuang Shengxian , Li Wenzhu , Jiang Luhang
Published: November 2017

The dual‐buck full‐bridge grid‐connected inverter (DFGI) is well known as its no shoot‐through problem, high efficiency and high reliability, but the common‐mode leakage current exists in the positive half cycle. To solve the problems of common‐mode leakage current of the conventional DFGI, a new DFGI topology is proposed. The corresponding modulation strategy is presented. Meanwhile, on the basis of the theoretical analysis, it can eliminate the common‐mode leakage current of conventional DFGI. The experimental results prove the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Closed‐form solution of discrete‐time optimal control and its convergence
Authors: Zhang Hehong , Xie Yunde , Xiao Gaoxi , Zhai Chao
Published: November 2017

The convergence of a new closed‐form solution for the discrete‐time optimal control is presented. First, a new time optimal control law with simple structure is constructed in the form of the state feedback for a discrete‐time double‐integral system by using the state backstepping approach. The control signal sequence in this approach is determined by the linearised criterion according to the position of the initial state point on the phase plane. This closed‐form non‐linear state feedback control law clearly shows that time optimal control in discrete time is not necessarily the bang‐bang control. Second, the convergence of the time optimal control law is proved by demonstrating the convergence path of the state point sequence driven by the corresponding control signal sequence. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new discrete‐time optimal control law.
Finite‐time passivity of switched non‐linear systems
Authors: Wang Hanmei , Zhao Jun
Published: November 2017

In this study, finite‐time passivity of switched non‐linear systems is developed. First, a finite‐time passivity concept is proposed using multiple storage functions. Second, a switching law is designed to make a switched non‐linear system finite‐time passive. Third, on the basis of the proposed concept, finite‐time passivity properties are investigated. On the one hand, finite‐time passivity can induce finite‐time stability. On the other hand, finite‐time passivity is preserved under the feedback interconnection and parallel interconnection. Furthermore, the merging switching signal technique is employed to make an interconnected system finite‐time passive. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Third‐order boost converter
Authors: Veerachary Mummadi
Published: November 2017

A third‐order boost point of load converter capable of giving higher voltage gain, identical/similar to fifth‐order converters, is proposed. In view of the lower order and higher boosting feature, the converter is more suitable to interface the given low voltage source to a high‐voltage dc point of load or to a dc‐bus. Furthermore, the proposed converter dynamics is simpler as its control‐to‐output transfer function is free from right half s‐plane zeros. Component design expressions are formulated through a steady‐state analysis. The boosting factor of the proposed converter is higher than the traditional boost and other reported fourth‐order boost converters. The transfer functions are formulated from the state‐space model and then a digital controller is designed in the z‐domain. The proposed converter features are demonstrated through analysis and then compared with sample experimental observations.
Efficiency optimisation of a microcontroller‐based PV system employing a single sensor fuzzy‐logic controller
Authors: Abdourraziq Mohamed Amine , Abdourraziq Sarah , Maaroufi Mohamed
Published: November 2017

This study presents a particular fuzzy‐logic control (FLC) to produce the maximum power point of the photovoltaic system. The particularity of the single sensor FLC (SSFLC) method uses single current sensor and improves the drawbacks of response time and accuracy of the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. Compared with the P&O method, the SSFLC improves the response time, precision at steady state and reduces the steady‐state oscillation. To confirm its high performance, the proposed SSFLC and P&O algorithms have been evaluated by simulation utilising MATLAB/Simulink under linear and nonlinear profiles of weather conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the effectiveness of the SSFLC method is an average 95.8% compared to 83.3%of the P&O method.
Gate driver for high power SiC modules: design considerations, development and experimental validation
Authors: Rujas Alejandro , López Víctor M. , Mir Luis , Nieva Txomin
Published: November 2017

The introduction the full‐SiC (full silicon carbide) high power modules in the power semiconductors market makes necessary the development of new gate drivers suitable for its switching characteristics. The design considerations, challenges and implementation for high power SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors is presented in this study. Aspects like voltage clamping, overcurrent/short‐circuit protection, different power supply voltage levels, gate circuit and soft off‐switching are addressed, considering the particularities that must be managed with SiC devices, like stray inductance and oscillations in switching transitions. All the gate drivers parts are designed without using programmable elements, that increase the complexity and cost of the gate driver design. Experimental results of the gate driver behaviour are also presented to validate the design. The approach proposes a modular gate driver divided into two parts. Firstly, a base driver (BD) board that depends on the electrical characteristics of the SiC module. Secondly, a core driver (CD) board, which can be considered ‘universal’ for any SiC power module with the same voltage operation level. For experimental validation, the proposed gate driver (BD + CD boards) is tested in two different power converters: a 50 kVA DC–AC inverter and a 100 kVA interleaved DC–DC converter.
Adaptive non‐linear control for cancer therapy through a Fokker–Planck observer
Authors: Shakeri Ehsan , Latif‐Shabgahi Gholamreza , Esmaeili Abharian Amir
Published: November 2017

In recent years, many efforts have been made to present optimal strategies for cancer therapy through the mathematical modelling of tumour‐cell population dynamics and optimal control theory. In many cases, therapy effect is included in the drift term of the stochastic Gompertz model. By fitting the model with empirical data, the parameters of therapy function are estimated. The reported research works have not presented any algorithm to determine the optimal parameters of therapy function. In this study, a logarithmic therapy function is entered in the drift term of the Gompertz model. Using the proposed control algorithm, the therapy function parameters are predicted and adaptively adjusted. To control the growth of tumour‐cell population, its moments must be manipulated. This study employs the probability density function (PDF) control approach because of its ability to control all the process moments. A Fokker–Planck‐based non‐linear stochastic observer will be used to determine the PDF of the process. A cost function based on the difference between a predefined desired PDF and PDF of tumour‐cell population is defined. Using the proposed algorithm, the therapy function parameters are adjusted in such a manner that the cost function is minimised. The existence of an optimal therapy function is also proved. The numerical results are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on application of superconducting fault current limiter in MMC‐MTDC
Authors: Lv Cheng , Tai Nengling , Jin Zhijian , Zheng Xiaodong
Published: November 2017

The application of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is attracting more and more attention. Owing to the technology difficulty and economy problem, there has been little breakthrough in the DC breaker research. Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is alternatively one kind of ideal current limiting device which can protect the transmission. The SFCL in the circuit can limit the fault current by changing its operating state from superconducting to the normal state as soon as an extremely large current is detected. Here, a model of SFCL is built in PSCAD/EMTDC and the accuracy is tested. The mode is used in a three‐terminal MMC‐MTDC system to investigate the current limiting effect with different kinds of faults. Results show that SFCLs can properly reduce the fault current in a short time without interfering the normal operation of the system.
Output characteristics of LCC‐S compensation network and its optimal parameters design in IPT system
Authors: Li Bo , Zhu Guorong , Lu Jianghua , Li Wenjing , Ranjith Kumar Gatla , Wang Jin
Published: November 2017

A main circuit of inductive power transfer system based on LCC‐S compensation network is built up. The resonant conditions for realising constant current (CC) output and constant voltage (CV) output with loads independent are revealed. By analysing the leakage inductance equivalent circuit of the LCC‐S resonant network, the relation between efficiency with frequency, coupling coefficient and loads are revealed. An optimal parameter tuning for working at the maximal efficiency state in both CC mode and CV mode is designed through changing frequency and adjusting the coupling coefficient. The theoretical analyses are confirmed by simulation results.
Wind energy prediction with LS‐SVM based on Lorenz perturbation
Authors: Zhang Yagang , Wang Penghui , Zhang Chenhong , Lei Shuang
Published: November 2017

Owing to the deterioration of the global environment and the depletion of traditional resources, renewable energy has received a high degree of attention. Among them, the fastest growing wind energy has become an excellent alternative to traditional energies. But the non‐linearity and volatility of wind speed have brought great challenges to the stability of power system. As a deterministic system, the motion of an aerodynamic system can be described as a set of simple differential equations – Lorenz equation. Thus a small disturbance in the system will have a great impact on the formation of the wind and the wind power prediction work. Therefore, on consideration of the atmospheric dynamical system, a least squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) wind speed prediction model based on Lorenz perturbation is proposed here. The results show that compared with the traditional prediction model (LS‐SVM, RBF neural network), the model proposed in this paper effectively weakens the fluctuation of the wind speed sequence and significantly improves the accuracy of short‐term wind speed prediction. The research work of this study will reduce the electric running cost and can effectively promote the large‐scale development and utilization of the renewable energy.
Control strategy for wind power integration base on energy demand respond and distributed energy storage
Authors: Yan Xu , Lin Xiqiao , Qin Lijuan , Han Shuai , Gao Like , Yang Yiyun , Zeng Bo
Published: November 2017

Wind power installed capacity has reached 169 GW by the end of 2016 in China. However, China's abandoned wind power generation has soared since 2014 and about 4.97 billion kWh was abandoned in 2016, which nearly equalled annual electricity consumption of Nanjing. The fluctuation of wind energy and coal power structure make large‐scale wind power integration more difficult. Distributed energy storage has been regarded as a key technology to improve renewable energy integration. This study analyses and compares several existing kinds of distributed energy storage for improving wind power integration. Then considering a mass of cogeneration units in north China, control strategy for wind power integration is proposed to reduce the peak regulation capacity for wind power integration. Control centre reduces the heat capacity of cogeneration units and control exchanged power of distributed energy storage systems with distribution network to obtain extra schedulable generated power. The affected users accordingly use heat pumps to compensate the lack of heat production from cogeneration. As a result, the peak‐valley load difference can be equivalently reduced to relieve peaking pressure for wind power integration.
Strategy to stabilise power fluctuation of distributed renewable energy in combined heat and power micro‐grid
Authors: Shi Jinxiao , Huang Wentao , Tai Nengling
Published: November 2017

In order to stabilise the power fluctuation of renewable energy, a coordination control strategy is put forward in the combined heat and power micro‐grid. The micro‐grid contains heat pumps and hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The electricity‐heat conversion model is built by the analysis of operating characteristics of heat pumps. The proposed strategy uses a double‐layer modular structure. The power control layer uses fuzzy control to regulate the filter time constant. Operating states of heat pumps and HESS are taken into consideration. Heat pumps suppress the low‐frequency fluctuation power and HESS stabilises the high‐frequency components. The heat control layer corrects the heat pump output considering end‐users’ heat demands. Simulation proves the proposed strategy links electricity and heat, smooth the fluctuation and enhance the economy in the combined heat and power micro‐grid.
Operation risk assessment of distribution network considering time dependence correlation coefficient
Authors: Xiao Tianying , Pei Wei , Ye Hua , Niu Geng , Xiao Hao , Qi Zhiping
Published: November 2017

The accuracy and reliability of the risk assessment results plays an important role in accurately determining the operational status of the system and risk‐based optimal scheduling. To improve the accuracy of the risk evaluation results, a risk assessment method considering time‐dependent correlation between input random variables for distribution network is presented, validated, and applied. Firstly, a direct analysis on the correlation between random variables, such as distributed generation power fluctuations and the forecast error, is carried out, then a multiple‐variable generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model based on dynamic correlation coefficient (DCC_MVGARCH) is proposed to calculate the time‐varying correlation coefficient. Secondly, the conditional power flow calculation is then implemented by using the Monte Carlo simulation method based on Latin hypercube sampling and Cholesky method. In addition, according to the results of the power flow calculation, the operational risk level of the system is evaluated by the voltage limit and the power limit. Finally, a modified IEEE 123‐bus power system with a certain penetration of wind turbine and photovoltaic power is employed to validate the proposed method. The effectiveness of the method is verified through the simulation results performed during a horizon of 5 and 15 min, respectively.
Sedimentary characterization of the carbonate source rock of Upper Kimmeridgian Parnac Formation of the Aquitaine Basin (Quercy area)
Authors: Bastianini Laura , Caline Bruno , Hoareau Guilhem , Bonnel Cédric , Martinez Mathieu , Lézin Carine , Baudin François , Brasier Alexander , Guy Laurent
Published: November 2017

The main source rock (SR) of the Aquitaine Basin, the most important oil province in France, corresponds to organic-rich marine limestones of Upper Kimmeridgian age (Lons Formation in the Béarn area and Parnac Formation in the Quercy area). In order to better characterize their depositional environment, in particular the conditions of accumulation and preservation of organic-matter, a sedimentological, micropaleontological and geochemical study of the Crayssac section (Quercy) has been performed. Organic-rich sediments are argillaceous limestones (65 to 99% CaCO3) organized in repetitive beds of up to 1-m thickness. Their total organic matter content reaches up to 15 wt.%, and in this SR kerogen is type of II and immature. Microfauna content, the lack of barrier facies and the control of the wave action base over the depositional environments reflect deposition in an open marine type homoclinal ramp. Strong similarities with Kimmeridgian organic-rich limestones of the Middle East (Hanifa Formation) suggest that the Parnac Formation could act as an analogue of this prolific SR.
Relation between Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Presence and Severity of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Kadihasanoglu Mustafa , Karabay Emre , Yucetas Ugur , Erkan Erkan , Ozbek Emin
Published: November 2017

Previous studies have evidenced that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have a crucial role in erectile dysfunction (ED). Increased monocyte count or activity and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have been associated with inflammation. The monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR) is a recently emerged indicator of inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MHR and ED. In this retrospective study, a total of 120 patients were enrolled, 60 of them having ED and 60 having a normal erectile function. The presence of ED was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Patients with ED were compared with the control group for IIEF-5 and MHR. The mean ages of patients and controls were 55.6±5.53 and 56.42±6.63 years, respectively (p = 0.47). The risk factors for ED were similar between cases and controls. The total testosterone, glucose and creatinine levels did not differ between groups. While the HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride levels were similar between groups, the monocyte count (0.55±0.20 vs. 0.73±0.18, p < 0.0001) and MHR was significantly greater in patients with ED than in those without ED (1.31 vs. 1.77, p < 0.0001). MHR was significantly negatively correlated with IIEF-5 (p < 0.0001). To our knowledge, this is the first study that has shown a significant and independent association between elevated MHR and ED.
Is Primary Aldosteronism Still Largely Unrecognized?
Authors: Buffolo Fabrizio , Monticone Silvia , Burrello Jacopo , Tetti Martina , Veglio Franco , Williams Tracy , Mulatero Paolo
Published: November 2017

Primary aldosteronism (PA) was first reported by Jerome W. Conn in 1954 when it was considered a rare disorder, only suspected in cases of hypertension and spontaneous hypokalemia. Over the last 30 years, with the wide application of the plasma aldosterone to plasma renin activity ratio as screening test, the clinical spectrum of PA has dramatically changed. Different studies displayed significant differences in term of patients investigated, diagnostic criteria and hormonal assays; however, large prospective studies with robust diagnostic criteria indicated that the prevalence of PA is around 6% of the general hypertensive population and 11% of the patients referred to hypertension centers. In light of these epidemiological studies, the Endocrine Society Guideline recommends the screening for PA of around 50% of patients with hypertension, and identifies the categories of patients at high risk for the disease. However, clinical data obtained from “real-life” show that the screening rate is much lower and PA remains an under-diagnosed and under-treated cause of secondary hypertension with an associated increased risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular mortality and morbidity.
Ultrahochfeld-MRT am Hühnerembryo in ovo – ein Modell für die experimentelle Ophthalmologie
Authors: Klose Ronja , Streckenbach Felix , Hadlich Stefan , Stahnke Thomas , Guthoff Rudolf , Wree Andreas , Frank Marcus , Langner Sönke , Stachs Oliver , Lindner Tobias
Published: November 2017

Die UHF-MRT ist ein hervorragendes Verfahren zur nicht invasiven sowie nicht destruktiven Darstellung verschiedener Gewebe mit unterschiedlichem Weichteilkontrast sowie einem hohen Auflösungsvermögen im µm-Bereich. Das embryonale Auge stellt mit seinen filigranen anatomischen Strukturen genau diese Anforderungen an ein Bildgebungsverfahren. Durch seinen kurzen Entwicklungszyklus ist das Huhn ein beliebtes Tiermodell für embryonale Studien. Als nicht invasives Bildgebungsdiagnostikum erlauben repetitive In-ovo-Untersuchungen am selben Embryo eine Realisierung longitudinaler Studien über den gesamten Entwicklungsverlauf. Am Hühnerembryonenmodell (Gallus gallus domesticus) wurden die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der In-ovo-Bildgebung bei 7 T evaluiert sowie das Größenwachstum der Embryonen mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die detaillierte Augenentwicklung beschrieben.
1.1.5 Quantifying Steric and Electronic Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Vummaleti S. V. C. , Falivene L. , Cavallo L.
Published: November 2017

This chapter gives an overview of the most-used methods to evaluate the steric and electronic properties of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Quantification of these properties allows for a straightforward and quantitative comparison between different NHCs, allowing for a more enlightened selection of the appropriate carbene for any given application.
2.1.4 Enyne Metathesis
Authors: Diesendruck C. E.
Published: November 2017

Enyne metathesis is a metal-catalyzed reaction between an alkene and an alkyne, resulting in C–C bond formation to give a 1,3-diene. This chapter explores the different forms of this powerful reaction, both as a single reaction and as part of a reaction cascade to form polycyclic compounds.
Invisibility of class identity in Turkish media: news coverage of class identity and class-based policies
Authors: Şen Ayşe Fulya
Published: November 2017

One of the primary requirements of a democratic media is to represent the interests of different social groups in the society it seeks to serve. Since the dominant class invariably has control over the media industry, media outputs typically reflects its own viewpoints or perspectives. Using a content analysis method this study discusses the invisibility and under-representation of class identity and examines news coverage of the automotive and glassware workers’ strikes and the class-based issues in Turkey. We attempt to reveal the under-representation of class identity and how the media constructs a dominant ideology in capitalist societies, including how class identity is excluded from the mainstream media in the case of Turkey. Our findings reveal that class identity has been under-represented in the news media.
Influence of residual charge on repetitively nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharges in atmospheric air
Authors: Liu Yidi , Yan Huijie , Fan Zhihui , Guo Hongfei , Ren Chunsheng
Published: November 2017

The plane-to-plane dielectric barrier discharge within 5 mm air gap driven by repetitive nanosecond pulses is studied. A water resistance (WR) is connected in parallel with the discharge circuit. For the discharge without the WR, two reverse discharges occur in the falling front of the voltage pulse, and besides, the primary discharge occurs in the rising front. For the discharge with the WR, only the primary discharge takes place, and the voltage waveform is changed into the unipolar positive voltage pulse with the elevated fall time. Additionally, the discharge with the WR displays the intermediate between the traditional diffuse and filamentary modes. Moreover, the uniformity of the discharge with the WR is increased as the pulse repetition frequency decreases from 1200 Hz to 100 Hz. The above observations in the discharge with the WR are mainly attributed to the increase in the residual charge at the inception of the following pulsed discharge.
Growth and physical properties of top-seeded infiltration growth processed large grain (Gd, Dy)BCO bulk superconductors
Authors: Pavan Kumar Naik S. , Muralidhar M. , Jirsa M. , Murakami M.
Published: November 2017

The primary prerequisite for successful single grain growth of a REBa2Cu3Oy bulk superconductor is the determination of an optimized growth temperature window of the given system. In our recent work, addition of 20 wt. % of Dy2BaCuO5 (Dy-211) to the GdBa2Cu3O7-δ bulk sample [(Gd,Dy)BCO] enhanced superconducting properties. Then, different isothermal dwell times were tested at various undercooling temperatures to find the temperature window appropriate for the single grain growth by a top-seeded infiltration growth process performed in air. Nearly perfect single-grain (Gd,Dy)BCO crystals were grown. A systematic and detailed investigation of the microstructure, composition, and physical properties of the single-grain (Gd,Dy)BCO superconductors was carried out. The superconducting transition was sharp with the onset at 92.9 K. The field dependence of the critical current density (Jc) was determined at several temperatures. At 77 K, a self-field Jc of 55 kA/cm2 and a trapped field of 0.19 T were achieved. The possibilities for further improvement of the microstructure and superconducting performance are discussed.
Synchronization stability and pattern selection in a memristive neuronal network
Authors: Wang Chunni , Lv Mi , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ma Jun
Published: November 2017

Spatial pattern formation and selection depend on the intrinsic self-organization and cooperation between nodes in spatiotemporal systems. Based on a memory neuron model, a regular network with electromagnetic induction is proposed to investigate the synchronization and pattern selection. In our model, the memristor is used to bridge the coupling between the magnetic flux and the membrane potential, and the induction current results from the time-varying electromagnetic field contributed by the exchange of ion currents and the distribution of charged ions. The statistical factor of synchronization predicts the transition of synchronization and pattern stability. The bifurcation analysis of the sampled time series for the membrane potential reveals the mode transition in electrical activity and pattern selection. A formation mechanism is outlined to account for the emergence of target waves. Although an external stimulus is imposed on each neuron uniformly, the diversity in the magnetic flux and the induction current leads to emergence of target waves in the studied network.
Diffusion of minority carriers against electric field (high injection level)
Authors: Gert A. V. , Dmitriev A. P. , Levinshtein M. E. , Yuferev V. S. , Palmour J. W.
Published: November 2017

A one-dimensional analytic model describing the motion of minority carriers against the electric field direction under the conditions of high injection level is developed. The results of the model can also be used to estimate the motion of carriers against the field in the case of an arbitrary injection level. The model makes it possible to describe, in good agreement with the results of computer simulation, the modulation of the collector layer resistance in a high voltage SiC bipolar transistor.
Dynamics of Gaussian Wigner functions derived from a time-dependent variational principle
Authors: Poulsen Jens Aage , Svensson S. Karl-Mikael , Nyman Gunnar
Published: November 2017

By using a time-dependent variational principle formulated for Wigner phase-space functions, we obtain the optimal time-evolution for two classes of Gaussian Wigner functions, namely those of either thawed real-valued or frozen but complex Gaussians. It is shown that tunneling effects are approximately included in both schemes.
A polarization-insensitive plasmonic photoconductive terahertz emitter
Authors: Li Xurong , Yardimci Nezih Tolga , Jarrahi Mona
Published: November 2017

We present a polarization-insensitive plasmonic photoconductive terahertz emitter that uses a two-dimensional array of nanoscale cross-shaped apertures as the plasmonic contact electrodes. The geometry of the cross-shaped apertures is set to maximize optical pump absorption in close proximity to the contact electrodes. The two-dimensional symmetry of the cross-shaped apertures offers a polarization-insensitive interaction between the plasmonic contact electrodes and optical pump beam. We experimentally demonstrate a polarization-insensitive terahertz radiation from the presented emitter in response to a femtosecond optical pump beam and similar terahertz radiation powers compared to previously demonstrated polarization-sensitive photoconductive emitters with plasmonic contact electrode gratings at the optimum optical pump polarization.
Outcomes following changing from a two-tiered to a three-tiered hospital rapid response system
Authors: Study Investigators The Concord Medical Emergency Team
Published: November 2017

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to determine whether changing a hospital rapid response system (RRS) from a two-tiered to a three-tiered model can reduce disruption to normal hospital routines while maintaining the same overall patient outcomes.

Methods
Staff at an Australian teaching hospital attending medical emergency team and cardiac arrest (MET/CA) calls were interviewed after the RRS was changed from a two-tiered to three-tiered model, and the results were compared with a study using the same methods conducted before the change. The main outcome measures were changes in: (1) the incident rate resulting from staff leaving normal duties to attend MET/CA calls; (2) the cardiac arrest rate, (3) unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates; and (4) hospital mortality.

Results
We completed 1337 structured interviews (overall response rate 65.2%). The rate of incidents occurring as a result of staff leaving normal duties to attend MET/CA calls fell from 213.7 to 161.3 incidents per 1000 MET/CA call participant attendances (P<0.001), but the rate of cardiac arrest and unplanned ICU admissions did not change significantly. Hospital mortality was confounded by the opening of a new palliative care ward.

Conclusion
A three-tiered RRS may reduce disruption to normal hospital routines while maintaining the same overall patient outcomes.

What is known about the topic?
RRS calls result in significant disruption to normal hospital routines because staff can be called away from normal duties to attend. The best staffing model for an RRS is currently unknown.

What does this paper add?
The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that changing a hospital RRS from a two-tiered to a three-tiered model can reduce the rate of incidents reported by staff caused by leaving normal duties to attend RRS calls while maintaining the same overall patient outcomes.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Hospitals could potentially reduce disruption to normal hospital routines, without compromising patient care, by changing to a three-tiered RRS.
Astrocoryne cabela, gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Hydrozoa : Sphaerocorynidae), a new sponge-associated hydrozoan
Authors: Maggioni Davide , Galli Paolo , Berumen Michael L. , Arrigoni Roberto , Seveso Davide , Montano Simone
Published: November 2017

The family Sphaerocorynidae includes two valid genera and five species, most of which have a confusing taxonomic history. Here, a new genus and species, Astrocoryne cabela, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Maldives and the Red Sea, based on both morphological and molecular evidence. Astrocoryne cabela has an apomorphy represented by the type of tentacles, here named ‘dicapitate’, and consisting of capitate tentacles with a proximal capitulum-like cluster of nematocysts. Molecular analyses confirmed the monophyly of this species, as well as its belonging to the Sphaerocorynidae, together with Sphaerocoryne spp. and Heterocoryne caribbensis Wedler & Larson, 1986, for which we present molecular data for the first time. Moreover, the high divergence of A. cabela from other species of the family justifies the establishment of a new genus. Interestingly, specimens from the Maldives and the Red Sea showed marked morphological variation in the polyp stage, although only a slight genetic divergence was detected. This study highlights that a comprehensive morpho-molecular assessment of Sphaerocorynidae is strongly needed in order to clarify the taxonomic issues and the diversity of this taxon.
Alpine landscape and canopy cover from 1973 to 2011: are roe and red deer population dynamics linked?
Authors: Chirichella Roberta , Mustoni Andrea , Apollonio Marco
Published: November 2017

Context
Land-use change may represent a major driver for wildlife population trends in most ecosystems all over the world. In addition to land abandonment and forest management transformation in remote areas of developed countries, such as the European mountains, the intensification of human activities has, by and large, affected the settlement opportunities for wildlife species.

Aims
What changes occurred in the structure and extent of land use between 1973 and 2011 in the Central Eastern Alps, Italy? Are the abundance indices of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) driven by these landscape transformations? Is there any relationship between the increase in red deer and the decrease in roe deer abundance?

Methods
The study was conducted in a 1335-km2 area (Central Eastern Alps, Italy). Through GIS photo interpretation techniques and patch analysis tools, we determined land-use changes between 1973 and 2011. Correlations between environmental modifications and climatic conditions, as well as between roe and red deer abundance indices (i.e. catch per unit effort (CPUE) and hunting bag data, respectively) were investigated for the 1973–2011 period by implementing linear mixed models.

Key results
The metrics thus calculated revealed a homogenisation of the woodland area and a general landscape simplification. By examining the effects of the climatic factors supposedly affecting population growth rate, roe and red deer trends seemed to be driven also by land-use evolution. Indeed, in the 1973–2011 period a negative trend in the availability of open areas below the tree line (–4.6%) and of agricultural zones (–1.9%) seemed to disfavour roe deer, while a fast increase in woodlands (+7.8%), scrublands (+3.3%) and canopy cover (+7.9%) was reported to be concomitant to red deer range expansion and density increase. Moreover, red deer growth rate impacted on roe deer population dynamics.

Conclusions and implications
Given the ongoing land-use changes, their effect on roe and red deer population trends and the competition issue between them, these results may help managers to apply an effective adaptive-management planning technique for target locations to keep the ecosystem balanced.
Toroidal plasmoid generation via extreme hydrodynamic shear
Authors: Gharib Morteza , Mendoza Sean , Rosenfeld Moshe , Beizai Masoud , Alves Pereira Francisco J.
Published: November 2017

Significance

Plasmas at atmospheric pressure conditions are ubiquitous, in natural form, such as the familiar lightning, or produced through artificially created electromagnetic or electrostatic fields for industrial and scientific applications. One distinctive feature of these cold-type plasmas is their lack of a topologically defined shape, concurrent with spatial unsteadiness and nonuniformity. Here, we report the observation of a coherent and stable toroidal plasma that spontaneously forms under extreme hydrodynamic shear, without external electromagnetic action. The confined and chamberless nature of this plasmoid has potential implications for the investigation of plasma–matter interactions, in the development of plasma-based deposition techniques for the microelectronics industry, in the emerging field of plasma medicine, or as a model for energy-storing self-maintained plasmoids.
The Role of Aspirin Dose on the Prevention of Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roberge S. , Nicolaides K. , Demers S. , Hyett J. , Chaillet N. , Bujold E.
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):110–120.e6)

Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are significant causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Responsible for >70,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year, PE is also associated with increased long-term risk for developing cardiovascular disease in both mother and infant. Several studies and meta-analyses have indicated that prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin at ≤16 weeks’ gestation in women at high risk of developing PE could reduce the prevalence of PE and FGR, and several national societies now recommend that women identified as being at high risk of PE receive low-dose aspirin beginning at <16 week’s gestation. The optimal dose of aspirin remains unclear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the dose-response effect of aspirin for the prevention of PE and FGR.
Effects of Epidural Labor Analgesia With Low Concentrations of Local Anesthetics on Obstetric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang T.T. , Sun S. , Huang S.Q.
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1571–1580)

Epidural analgesia may slightly prolong the second stage of labor and increase the instrumental birth rate, especially when high concentrations of local anesthetics are used. Consequently, low concentrations of local anesthetics (LCLAs) have become popular for epidural labor analgesia to help mediate second stage labor. The authors of the present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of epidural analgesia with LCLAs with that of nonepidural analgesia on obstetric outcomes.
Neuraxial Labor Analgesia: Does It Influence the Outcomes of Labor?
Authors: Wong Cynthia A.
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1389–1391)

In this editorial, Cynthia A. Wong, MD, discussed the issue of neuraxial labor analgesia and its effect on the outcomes (mode of delivery, duration) of labor. In general, there are conflicting reports regarding the effect of neuraxial labor analgesia on the mode of delivery.
Prediction of Progression to Severe Disease in Women With Late Preterm Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Zwertbroek E.F. , Broekhuijsen K. , Langenveld J. , van Baaren G.J. , van den Berg P.P. , Bremer H.A. , Ganzevoort W. , van Loon A.J. , Mol B.W. , van Pampus M.G. , Perquin D.A. , Rijnders R.J. , Scheepers H.C. , Sikkema M.J. , Woiski M.D. , Groen H. , Franssen M.T.
Published: November 2017

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(1):96–105)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) complicate ∼10% of all pregnancies and are strongly associated with maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as with neonatal stillbirth and morbidity. The only effective treatment to prevent maternal or fetal complications in HDP is delivery, but preterm delivery may result in short-term neonatal morbidity (eg, respiratory distress syndrome) or morbidity beyond the neonatal period, such as neurological developmental problems, school-related problems, and impaired growth.
The Limits of Electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring in the Prevention of Neonatal Metabolic Acidemia
Authors: Clark S.L. , Hamilton E.F. , Garite T.J. , Timmins A. , Warrick P.A. , Smith S.
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):163.e1–163.e6)

While unexpected intrapartum fetal death has largely been eliminated with the use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFHRM), the goal of consistently preventing hypoxia-induced fetal metabolic acidemia has proven difficult. Moreover, the impact of EFHRM on long-term neonatal outcomes is not well documented, as the potential impact of monitoring conditions on outcomes with multifactorial origins (such as cerebral palsy) is so small as never to have been statistically demonstrated. The present outcomes-blinded case control study had 3 aims: to determine why infants were born with significant metabolic acidemia despite the use of EFHRM, to evaluate the potential impact of a previously published algorithm on these outcomes, and to consider the limits of EFHRM in the prevention of neonatal metabolic acidemia.
Accreta Placentation: A Systematic Review of Prenatal Ultrasound Imaging and Grading of Villous Invasiveness
Authors: Jauniaux E. , Collins S.L. , Jurkovic D. , Burton G.J.
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(6):712–721)

Placenta accreta (PA) is the invasion or abnormal attachment of placental tissue to uterine musculature and can lead to major hemorrhage and other serious outcomes. There are 3 categories of PA: placenta creta, when villi only adhere to the myometrium but do not invade it; placenta increta (PI), in which the villi penetrate the myometrium only to the external layer; and placenta percreta (PP), in which the villi reaches or penetrates the uterine serosa.
The “Virtual” Obstetrical Intensive Care Unit: Providing Critical Care for Contemporary Obstetrics in Nontraditional Locations
Authors: Leovic M.P. , Robbins H.N. , Foley M.R. , Starikov R.S.
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(6):736.e1–736.e4)

This American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Viewpoint article makes the case for a “virtual” obstetrical intensive care unit to provide optimal care for critically ill pregnant patients while also optimizing resource allocation. The authors note that there is limited research to guide recommendations for the optimal setting for delivery of care to critically ill pregnant women, and summarize the current state of the field of managing the critically ill pregnant woman.
A Retrospective Review of an Epidural Blood Patch Database: The Incidence of Epidural Blood Patch Associated With Obstetric Neuraxial Anesthetic Techniques and the Effect of Blood Volume on Efficacy
Authors: Booth J.L. , Pan P.H. , Thomas J.A. , Harris L.C. , D’Angelo R.
Published: November 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth 2017;29:10–17)

Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common obstetric anesthesia complications. One estimate of the proportion of parturients suffering a PDPH is 1.5%. However, among obstetric patients who have experienced a dural puncture with an epidural needle (epidural wet tap) rates of PDPH have been reported as high as 81%. While an epidural blood patch (EBP) is a standard treatment for PDPH, with success rates from different studies varying between 61% and 98%, there is no general consensus regarding the optimal volume of blood to be used for the procedure.
Lithium Use in Pregnancy and the Risk of Cardiac Malformations
Authors: Patorno E. , Huybrechts K.F. , Bateman B.T. , Cohen J.M. , Desai R.J. , Mogun H. , Cohen L.S. , Hernandez-Diaz S.
Published: November 2017

(N Engl J Med. 2017;376(23):2245–2254)

Lithium is a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder in women of reproductive age in the United States, and has even been reported to reduce the risk of mood-episode recurrence during pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, infants born to mothers treated with lithium early in pregnancy are at increased risk for cardiac defects, although some small studies have shown conflicting results. Consequently, the authors of this large, retrospective cohort study evaluated the records of pregnant women nested in the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX), to provide evidence of the association between increased risk of neonatal cardiac malformations and maternal use of lithium in the first trimester.
Analysis of Physiological Respiratory Variable Alarm Alerts Among Laboring Women Receiving Remifentanil
Authors: Weiniger C.F. , Carvalho B. , Stocki D. , Einav S.
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(4):1211–1218)

Remifentanil is a short-acting opioid. Its use for labor analgesia is controversial because of reports of associated apnea. The aim of this study was to perform a secondary analysis of respiratory data from a previous study of laboring women using patient-controlled intravenous (IV) remifentanil analgesia, in order to evaluate physiologic variables as early warning alerts of apnea.
Labour Pain With Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia Versus Epidural Analgesia: A Randomized Equivalence Trial
Authors: Logtenberg S.L.M. , Oude Rengerink K. , Verhoeven C.J. , Freeman L.M. , van den Akker E.S.A. , Godfried M.B. , van Beek E. , Borchert O.W.H.M. , Schuitemaker N. , van Woerkens E.C.S.M. , Hostijn I. , Middeldorp J.M. , van der Post J.A. , Mol B.W.
Published: November 2017

(BJOG. 2017;124:652–660)

Pain intensity scores and patient satisfaction with analgesia for labor and delivery have been compared between the treatment options of intravenous (IV) remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (RPCA) and epidural analgesia (EA) in previous studies. EA is considered the more invasive technique and is associated with some adverse events such as hypotension and unintentional dural puncture. Remifentanil is short acting and metabolized quickly, but is also associated with oxygen desaturation and respiratory depression. Patient participation in the decision-making process regarding labor analgesia is an important component of a woman’s overall satisfaction. Previous studies in medium or high-risk patients have reported similar satisfaction levels for these 2 treatment options, although better pain relief was found with EA. This study investigated whether the same conclusion about patient satisfaction held for low risk women.