SPECIALITY OF FACIAL STRUCTURE IN PATIENTS WITH DEEP BITE FOR THE CALCULATED DATA RESEARCHED BY A.M. SCHWARZ METHOD
Authors: Doroshenko S.I. , Irkha S.V. , Yacovchuk V.P. , Melnick I.V. 
Published: January 2019

Deep bite is the most common dental maxillary anomaly in the vertical plane, characterized by elongation of the dental alveolar part in the anterior segment and shortening in the lateral one. At the same time there are different, both the size of the jaws, and their ratio, as well as the position in the skull, which largely depends on the structure of the skull, which is congenital in each person from birth, that is genetically predetermined. The development and structure of the skull, as is known, affects not only genetic factors, but also teratogenic ones, that is, exogenous factors, namely: early loss of teeth, especially temporary, and untimely compensated defects of dentition; bad habits, general human health, the environment etc. All these should be taken into account when establishing the correct diagnosis, which is impossible to do without such objective x-ray methods as cephalometry.

The analysis of cephalogram was carried out by A.M. Schwarz method, which included three main sections of the study: craniometric, gnatometric and prophylometric. In craniometric studies, the definition of the following parameters was defined, namely: N-Se length (distance from the bone "N" to "Se" - the middle of the entrance to the «Sella turcica»); the magnitude of the facial angle F (N-Se-N-A) formed by the plane N-Se and the faсial plane - NA; Inclination angle ∟І (∟Pn-SpP) formed by the nasal vertical - Pn and the palatal plane - SpP, which corresponds to the plane of the base of the upper jaw SpP; the corner of the Frankfurt line - ∟H; The angle of inclination of the occlusal plane - OcP to the nasal vertical - is Pn (∟Pn-Ocp) and the angle of the mandibular plane, that is, the plane of the base of the mandible - MP to the nasal vertical - ∟Pn (∟Pn-MP). The main task of craniometric measurements was to determine the individual genetically determined profile of the face in each particular patient with deep bite.

Gnatometric measurements included determining the values of the following angles: basal ∟B (∟SpP-MP), that is, the angle of inclination of the plane of the body of the upper and lower jaw to each other; Lower jaw or gonial angle ∟Go (A-MP) Gnatometric studies also included the determination of jaw size: Mandible - the distance of the "OK" and the extension of the wingspan of the FrR; Maxilla - body "MT1" (in the plane of MP from the point "Go" to the intersection of the perpendicular, lowered from the most prominent point of the bone chin "Pgo", and the height of the branch - MT2. Profilometric studies included: determining the thickness of the soft tissues of the patient's face in the back area the nasal «n», the tray is «sna», the upper lip «ls», the lower lip «li» and the chin «pgo», the profile T, formed by the intersection of the tangent from the tray leather point «sna» to the most prominent leather point of the chin "Pgo" with the nose vertex "Pn", as well as the height of the part faccial - medium (from «n» - nasion to «sna» - pidnosovoyi) and lower (from «sna» to the lowest point of the chin «Me»).