bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative nuclear histomorphometric features are predictive of Oncotype DX risk categories in ductal carcinoma in situ: preliminary findings
Authors: Li Haojia , Whitney Jon , Bera Kaustav , Gilmore Hannah , Thorat Mangesh A. , Badve Sunil , Madabhushi Anant
Published: October 2019

Background

Oncotype DX (ODx) is a 12-gene assay assessing the recurrence risk (high, intermediate, and low) of ductal carcinoma in situ (pre-invasive breast cancer), which guides clinicians regarding prescription of radiotherapy. However, ODx is expensive, time-consuming, and tissue-destructive. In addition, the actual prognostic meaning for the intermediate ODx risk category remains unclear.

Methods

In this work, we evaluated the ability of quantitative nuclear histomorphometric features extracted from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide images of 62 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients to distinguish between the corresponding ODx risk categories. The prognostic value of the identified image signature was further evaluated on an independent validation set of 30 DCIS patients in its ability to distinguish those DCIS patients who progressed to invasive carcinoma versus those who did not. Following nuclear segmentation and feature extraction, feature ranking strategies were employed to identify the most discriminating features between individual ODx risk categories. The selected features were then combined with machine learning classifiers to establish models to predict ODx risk categories. The model performance was evaluated using the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using cross validation. In addition, an unsupervised clustering approach was also implemented to evaluate the ability of nuclear histomorphometric features to discriminate between the ODx risk categories.

Results

Features relating to spatial distribution, orientation disorder, and texture of nuclei were identified as most discriminating between the high ODx and the intermediate, low ODx risk categories. Additionally, the AUC of the most discriminating set of features for the different classification tasks was as follows: (1) high vs low ODx (0.68), (2) high vs. intermediate ODx (0.67), (3) intermediate vs. low ODx (0.57), (4) high and intermediate vs. low ODx (0.63), (5) high vs. low and intermediate ODx (0.66). Additionally, the unsupervised clustering resulted in intermediate ODx risk category patients being co-clustered with low ODx patients compared to high ODx.

Conclusion

Our results appear to suggest that nuclear histomorphometric features can distinguish high from low and intermediate ODx risk category patients. Additionally, our findings suggest that histomorphometric features for intermediate ODx were more similar to low ODx compared to high ODx risk category.
Sensitivity of screening mammography by density and texture: a cohort study from a population-based screening program in Denmark
Authors: von Euler-Chelpin My , Lillholm Martin , Vejborg Ilse , Nielsen Mads , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: October 2019

Background

Screening mammography works better in fatty than in dense breast tissue. Computerized assessment of parenchymal texture is a non-subjective method to obtain a refined description of breast tissue, potentially valuable in addition to breast density scoring for the identification of women in need of supplementary imaging. We studied the sensitivity of screening mammography by a combination of radiologist-assessed Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density score and computer-assessed parenchymal texture marker, mammography texture resemblance (MTR), in a population-based screening program.

Methods

Breast density was coded according to the fourth edition of the BI-RADS density code, and MTR marker was divided into quartiles from 1 to 4. Screening data were followed up for the identification of screen-detected and interval cancers. We calculated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by BI-RADS density score, MTR marker, and combination hereof.

Results

Density and texture were strongly correlated, but the combination led to the identification of subgroups with different sensitivity. Sensitivity was high, about 80%, in women with BI-RADS density score 1 and MTR markers 1 or 2. Sensitivity was low, 67%, in women with BI-RADS density score 2 and MTR marker 4. For women with BI-RADS density scores 3 and 4, the already low sensitivity was further decreased for women with MTR marker 4. Specificity was 97–99% in all subgroups.

Conclusion

Our study showed that women with low density constituted a heterogenous group. Classifying women for extra imaging based on density only might be a too crude approach. Screening sensitivity was systematically high in women with fatty and homogenous breast tissue.
How can we get more people with long-term health conditions involved in parkrun? A qualitative study evaluating parkrun’s PROVE project
Authors: Quirk Helen , Haake Steve
Published: October 2019

Background

People with long-term health conditions face barriers to physical activity and community health interventions despite potential life-changing benefits for self-management of their condition and wellbeing. A weekly mass participation running, walking and volunteering event called parkrun launched a project called PROVE in 2016 to engage people living with long-term health conditions in England. Over the 3 year project, parkrun appointed volunteer Outreach Ambassadors with a specialist interest in the health condition they represented whose role was to ensure parkrun was welcoming, supportive and inclusive. This qualitative study aimed to understand the experience of the PROVE project for people with long-term health conditions.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 PROVE Outreach Ambassadors representing 13 different long-term health conditions in England. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Rigour and transparency were sought in addition to utilising independent researchers to offer alternative interpretations of the data.

Results

Data analysis resulted in 4 overarching themes and 13 subthemes. Outreach Ambassadors believed that parkrun was already supportive of people with long-term health conditions, but that the PROVE project enabled the support to be delivered in a more structured way across health conditions and locations. Outreach Ambassadors believed that the PROVE project had the potential to create a welcoming, safe space for people with long-term health conditions to participate as walkers, runners or volunteers. Success of the PROVE project was believed to be dependent on being realistic about the potential to bring about change, challenging people’s perceptions of parkrun and engaging with key stakeholders and advocacy groups. Challenges for parkrun were believed to be around communication, demonstrating impact and the project’s dependence on volunteers for delivery.

Conclusions

This is the first study of its kind to explore the public health potential of parkrun for people with long-term health conditions. parkrun’s PROVE project was regarded to be important for ensuring that people with long-term health conditions can engage in physical activity and volunteering in a safe and supportive environment. The findings have important implications for parkrun, policy makers and physical activity providers looking to deliver inclusive community physical activity opportunities.
Development of an administrative definition for celiac disease
Authors: Duerksen Donald R. , Lix Lisa M. , Leslie William D.
Published: October 2019

Objective

The investigation and management of celiac disease places a high burden on the health care system. Accurate methods to ascertain cases of celiac disease (CD) in population-based administrative data can facilitate epidemiologic and health services research to guide disease management. The study aim was to develop and validate administrative data case definitions for CD to facilitate further studies about the effect of CD on osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Results

Population-based data from the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Program registry, which contains medical information on all individuals in the province of Manitoba, Canada who have received BMD testing, was used to define the study cohort. Linked hospital discharge abstracts and physician billing claims were used to ascertain diagnoses of celiac disease in administrative data. A population-based CD serologic registry was used as the validation database. One diagnosis code in hospital discharge abstracts or two or more diagnosis codes in physician billing claims optimized the detection of positive celiac serology with sensitivity of 84% (95% CI 80–88%), specificity of 97% (95% CI 80–88%), PPV of 80% (95% CI 80–88%), and NPV of 97% (95% CI 80–88%). Our administrative data case definition for celiac disease demonstrates good sensitivity and specificity for detecting positive celiac serology.
Stromal vascular fraction promotes migration of fibroblasts and angiogenesis through regulation of extracellular matrix in the skin wound healing process
Authors: Bi Hongsen , Li Hui , Zhang Chen , Mao Yiqing , Nie Fangfei , Xing Ying , Sha Wuga , Wang Xi , Irwin David M. , Tan Huanran
Published: October 2019

Background

A refractory wound is a typical complication of diabetes and is a common outcome after surgery. Current approaches have difficulty in improving wound healing. Recently, non-expanded stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is derived from mature fat, has opened up new directions for the treatment of refractory wound healing. The aim of the current study is to systematically investigate the impact of SVF on wound healing, including the rate and characteristics of wound healing, ability of fibroblasts to migrate, and blood transport reconstruction, with a special emphasis on their precise molecular mechanisms.

Methods

SVF was isolated by digestion, followed by filtration and centrifugation, and then validated by immunocytochemistry, a MTS proliferation assay and multilineage potential analysis. A wound model was generated by creating 6-mm-diameter wounds, which include a full skin defect, on the backs of streptozocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. SVF or human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) suspensions were subcutaneously injected, and the wounds were characterized over a 9-day period by photography and measurements. A scratch test was used to determine whether changes in the migratory ability of fibroblasts occurred after co-culture with hADSCs. Angiogenesis was observed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. mRNA from fibroblasts, endotheliocyte, and skin tissue were sequenced by high-throughput RNAseq, and differentially expressed genes, and pathways, potentially regulated by SVF or hADSCs were bioinformatically analyzed.

Results

Our data show that hADSCs have multiple characteristics of MSC. SVF and hADSCs significantly improved wound healing in hyperglycemic mice. hADSCs improve the migratory ability of fibroblasts and capillary structure formation in HUVECs. SVF promotes wound healing by focusing on angiogenesis and matrix remodeling.

Conclusions

Both SVF and hADSCs improve the function of fibroblast and endothelial cells, regulate gene expression, and promote skin healing. Various mechanisms likely are involved, including migration of fibroblasts, tubulogenesis of endothelial cells through regulation of cell adhesion, and cytokine pathways.
Impact of natural light exposure on delirium burden in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective study
Authors: Smonig Roland , Magalhaes Eric , Bouadma Lila , Andremont Olivier , de Montmollin Etienne , Essardy Fatiah , Mourvillier Bruno , Lebut Jordane , Dupuis Claire , Neuville Mathilde , Lermuzeaux Mathilde , Timsit Jean-François , Sonneville Romain
Published: October 2019

Objective

To determine whether potential exposure to natural light via windows is associated with reduced delirium burden in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU in a single room.

Design

Prospective single-center study.

Setting

Medical ICU of a university hospital, Paris, France.

Patients

Adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted to a single room with (LIGHT group) or without (DARK group) exposure to natural light via windows were evaluated for delirium. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delirium. Main secondary endpoints included incidence of severe agitation intervened with antipsychotics and incidence of hallucinations.

Results

A total of 195 patients were included (LIGHT group: n = 110; DARK group: n = 85). The incidence of delirium was similar in the LIGHT group and the DARK group (64% vs. 71%; relative risk (RR) 0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.09). Compared with the DARK group, patients from the LIGHT group were less likely to be intervened with antipsychotics for agitation episodes (13% vs. 25%; RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27–0.98) and had less frequent hallucinations (11% vs. 22%; RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–0.98). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, natural light exposure was independently associated with a reduced risk of agitation episodes intervened with antipsychotics (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% CI 0.17–0.88).

Conclusion

Admission to a single room with potential exposure to natural light via windows was not associated with reduced delirium burden, as compared to admission to a single room without windows. However, natural light exposure was associated with a reduced risk of agitation episodes and hallucinations.
Situation awareness modeling for emergency management on offshore platforms
Authors: Danial Syed Nasir , Smith Jennifer , Khan Faisal , Veitch Brian
Published: October 2019

Situation awareness is the first and most important step in emergency management. It is a dynamic step involving evolving conditions and environments. It is an area of active research. This study presents a Markov Logic Network to model SA focusing on fire accidents and emergency evacuation. The model has been trained using empirical data obtained from case studies. The case studies involved human participants who were trained for responding to emergencies involving fire and smoke using a virtual environment. The simulated (queried) and empirical findings are reasonably consistent. The proposed model enables implementing an agent that exploits environmental cues and cognitive states to determine the type of emergency currently being faced. Considering each emergency type as a situation, the model can be used to develop a repertoire of situations for agents so that the repertoire can act as an agent’s experience for later decision-making.
Trends and spatial distributions of HIV prevalence in Ethiopia
Authors: Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Ferede Aster , Leshargie Cheru Tesema , Wagnew Fasil , Ketema Daniel Bekele , Alebel Animut
Published: October 2019

Background

Globally, by the end of 2018, 37.9 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sub-Saharan Africa carries the highest burden with an estimated 71% of the global total. In Ethiopia, an estimated 715 404 people were living with HIV in 2015 and this increased to 722 248 in 2017. This study was to explore the trends and spatial distributions of HIV cases in Ethiopia.

Methods

In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal distribution of persons living with HIV in Ethiopia using data from 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Geographic information system (Getis-Ord Gi* statistics) and spatial scan statistics (SaTScan) were used for exploratory and confirmatory spatial analyses respectively.

Results

The overall prevalence of HIV in Ethiopia unveiled inconsistent trends, with the majority of areas showing decreasing trends. Hot spot clusters exhibited in all the three surveys, which include areas where Amhara, Afar and Tigray regions share neighbourhoods. In 2005 regionally, Gambella, Addis Ababa, and Harari had the highest prevalence at 6.0, 4.7 and 3.5%, respectively. While in the 2016 survey the highest prevalence (4.8%) was observed in Gambella regional state followed by Addis Ababa (3.4%).

Conclusions

The distribution of HIV infection in Ethiopia is not random in all the three EDHS surveys. High clusters of HIV cases were consistently observed in Addis Ababa and neighbouring areas of the Afar Tigray and Amhara regional states and central Oromia. This analysis revealed that there are still areas which need studying with respect to the epidemic of HIV. In this regard Addis Ababa, certain areas of Amhara regional state, large areas of Afar region and central Oromia require special attention.
Do changes in divorce legislation have an impact on divorce rates? The case of unilateral divorce in Mexico
Authors: Aguirre Edith
Published: October 2019

In 2008, Mexico City was the first entity to approve unilateral divorce in Mexico. Since then, 17 states out of 31 have also moved to eliminate fault-based divorce. In this paper, I investigate the effect of the changes in unilateral legislation on divorce rates in Mexico, given the remarkable growth of divorce rates over the past few decades in the country, but especially after the introduction of unilateral divorce. Following a difference-in-differences methodology, two models are developed using panel state-level data. The results indicate that divorce on no grounds accounts for a 26.4% increase in the total number of divorces in the adopting states during the period 2009–2015. Moreover, since no-fault divorce has been implemented gradually in the country, the rising trend in divorce rates is expected to continue over the coming years. Unilateral legislation has proved to be an effective tool in modifying family structures in Mexico, so it is important to be aware of the short- and medium-term consequences of the shift toward divorce on no grounds, in order to improve the delivery of these policies in the country. This is especially important at this point in time, when 14 remaining states may potentially adopt unilateral legislation. This paper is the first one to address the effect of adopting unilateral divorce in the context of a Latin American country.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord stump of newborn infants in lower income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roba Aklilu Abrham , Tefera Maleda , Worku Teshager , Dasa Tamirat Tesfaye , Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Assefa Nega
Published: October 2019

There are conflicting results from large randomized controlled trials in different populations regarding the effectiveness of topical application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical stump of newborn infants at reducing neonatal mortality. Meta-analysis and systematic review of trials performed in South Asia and Europe support 4% chlorhexidine application to reduce neonatal mortality, whereas trials performed in Sub-Saharan Africa do not. The aim of this review is to determine the effectiveness of 4% chlorhexidine application to the umbilical stump of newborn infants born in lower income countries in order to reduce neonatal mortality when compared with usual cord care.

Our search strategy included randomized trials published between January1st 2000 and September 4th, 2018, that compared 4% chlorhexidine with usual cord care (“dry cord care”). The outcome variable of interest was neonatal mortality. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model were calculated. Nine trials were included, from six countries: Zambia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Pakistan, with a total of 257,153 participants. Five studies (N = 119,833) reported neonatal mortality. There was a 21% reduction in neonatal mortality among with 4% chlorhexidine application: pooled RR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.69–0.90), P = 0.0005. The incidence of omphalitis was decreased by 35% with 4% chlorhexidine (6 studies, N = 108,263): pooled RR (95% CI) 0.65 (0.56–0.75), P = 0.00001. Chlorhexidine application delayed the umbilical cord separation time (4 studies, N = 28,917): mean difference (95% CI) 2.71 (2.63–2.78) days.

In conclusion, this systematic review found that topical application of 4% chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord stump of newborn infants in lower income countries significantly reduces the incidence of neonatal mortality. Chlorhexidine also reduces the incidence of omphalitis, but prolongs umbilical cord separation time.

Trial registration

Systematic Review Registration: CRD42018109280.
Maxillary reconstruction using tunneling flap technique with 3D custom-made titanium mesh plate and particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft: a case report
Authors: Takano Masayuki , Sugahara Keisuke , Koyachi Masahide , Odaka Kento , Matsunaga Satoru , Homma Shinya , Abe Shinichi , Katakura Akira , Shibahara Takahiko
Published: October 2019

Background

Reconstructive surgery is often required for tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region, irrespective of whether they are benign or malignant, the area involved, and the tumor size. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in reconstructive surgery. However, these models have rarely been adapted for the fabrication of custom-made reconstruction materials. In this report, we present a case of maxillary reconstruction using a laboratory-engineered, custom-made mesh plate from a 3D model.

Case presentation

The patient was a 56-year-old female, who had undergone maxillary resection in 2011 for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma that presented as a swelling of the anterior maxillary gingiva. Five years later, there was no recurrence of the malignant tumor and a maxillary reconstruction was planned. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large bony defect in the dental-alveolar area of the anterior maxilla. Using the CT data, a 3D model of the maxilla was prepared, and the site of reconstruction determined. A custom-made mesh plate was fabricated using the 3D model (Okada Medical Supply, Tokyo, Japan). We performed the reconstruction using the custom-made titanium mesh plate and the particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft from her iliac bone. We employed the tunneling flap technique without alveolar crest incision, to prevent surgical wound dehiscence, mesh exposure, and alveolar bone loss. Ten months later, three dental implants were inserted in the graft. Before the final crown setting, we performed a gingivoplasty with palate mucosal graft. The patient has expressed total satisfaction with both the functional and esthetic outcomes of the procedure.

Conclusion

We have successfully performed a maxillary and dental reconstruction using a custom-made, pre-bent titanium mesh plate.
Spermatogonial Type 3 Deiodinase Regulates Thyroid Hormone Target Genes in Developing Testicular Somatic Cells
Authors: Martinez M Elena , Lary Christine W , Karaczyn Aldona A , Griswold Michael D , Hernandez Arturo
Published: October 2019

Premature overexposure to thyroid hormone causes profound effects on testis growth, spermatogenesis, and male fertility. We used genetic mouse models of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3) deficiency to determine the genetic programs affected by premature thyroid hormone action and to define the role of DIO3 in regulating thyroid hormone economy in testicular cells. Gene expression profiling in the neonatal testis of DIO3-deficient mice identified 5699 differentially expressed genes. Upregulated and downregulated genes were, respectively, involved according to DAVID analysis with cell differentiation and proliferation. They included anti-Müllerian hormone and genes involved in the formation of the blood–testis barrier, which are specific to Sertoli cells (SCs). They also included steroidogenic genes, which are specific to Leydig cells. Comparison with published data sets of genes enriched in SCs and spermatogonia, and responsive to retinoic acid (RA), identified a subset of genes that were regulated similarly by RA and thyroid hormone. This subset of genes showed an expression bias, as they were downregulated when enriched in spermatogonia and upregulated when enriched in SCs. Furthermore, using a genetic approach, we found that DIO3 is not expressed in SCs, but spermatogonia-specific inactivation of DIO3 led to impaired testis growth, reduced SC number, decreased cell proliferation and, especially during neonatal development, altered gene expression specific to somatic cells. These findings indicate that spermatogonial DIO3 protects testicular cells from untimely thyroid hormone signaling and demonstrate a mechanism of cross-talk between somatic and germ cells in the neonatal testis that involves the regulation of thyroid hormone availability and action.
Materialities of Memory
Authors: DeLucia Christine
Published: October 2019

Across the Northeast, Indigenous people and colonial New Englanders have fashioned myriad expressions of memory that attest to certain versions of conflicted pasts. On one hand, colonial remembrances of violence and upheaval are abundant and amply legible in local historical societies, historical markers, family heirlooms, and many other forms of memorialization. Yet this seeming abundance of memory arises from equally powerful kinds of forgetting: collective colonial amnesias that endeavor to erase, sideline, overwrite, or delegitimize other dimensions of exceedingly complex histories and conceptions of homelands. This essay adopts a fresh focus on Indigenous/colonial remembrances through the lens of materiality, considering the wider historiographical and theoretical implications of recentering tangible objects and landscapes as conduits connecting past, present, and future. Physical objects interact with both mainstream and marginalized narratives in vital ways, opening pathways for profoundly interdisciplinary, multimedia accountings of the nature and changing forms of “memory” in early America. The essay reassesses a wooden pegboard from an Anglo-American dwelling said to have survived an Indigenous attack during King Philip’s War (1675–78). Using decolonizing methodologies, it conveys dramatically more complex conceptions of the past—and of ongoing Indigenous presence and resilience—than stories devised and maintained by Euro-American antiquarians have typically relayed.
Jesmyn Ward’s Post-Katrina Black Feminism
Authors: Henry Alvin
Published: October 2019

This article intervenes in the debates on African American memory. After Hurricane Katrina, African Americans had to flee the Gulf, and this created a contemporary new diaspora, which shattered the traditional means of transmitting memories—extended families’ stories—as communities separated. The article analyzes Jesmyn Ward’s response to this evisceration and dispersion of Black memory in Salvage the Bones. She develops “salvaging,” which is a new form of memory and which this article juxtaposes to Toni Morrison’s concept of “rememory.” Instead of rememory’s traumas, Ward suggests that southern Blacks capture the everyday to mitigate the uncertainty of their lives. Salvaging entails scavenging old memories and rememories to forge an amalgamation of overlapping, colliding, and repurposed memories. Salvaging forges independent memory bubbles that can be reentered by descendants to celebrate the periodic losses. This article illuminates a revolutionary system of Black memory making and transmission.
Living Memory, Embodied Experience, and What Gets Lost in the Story of Alexander Pope’sThe Rape of the Lock
Authors: Richards Cynthia
Published: October 2019

This essay uses Alexander Pope’s celebrated poem The Rape of the Lock as a case study for understanding how to read literature in a way that is more cognizant of loss and for understanding the role of active and embodied remembering in doing so. It frames the poem as a type of literary memorial and then posits a different way of reading it as a form of active remembering and traumatic return. The essay also points toward the insights of disability studies and how that framework allows a definition of the human that sees loss as constitutive and hence “normal” rather than singular. The essay concludes by gesturing toward how the meaning/memory of this poem is ongoing and “subject to negotiation”—as Michael Rothberg argues in Multidirectional Memory—as shaped by current events just as it was shaped by the politics of its time.
Graphic Memory, Connective Histories, and Dalit Trauma
Authors: Nayar Pramod K.
Published: October 2019

The collage-style merging of histories of oppression in Srividya Natarajan and Aparajita Ninan’s A Gardener in the Wasteland is an exercise in memorializing. Here memorialization has its ontological and etiological foundations in the Dalit narratives’ fusion, without reduction, of different histories of oppression. The national signifier of caste appropriates the global form of the graphic narrative. The spatial rhetorics of the graphic page enable Dalit memories to locate themselves in the global memory landscape. Together, these generate a “concentrationary imaginary.”
The Memory of Words
Authors: Gervasio Nicole Marie
Published: October 2019

This essay identifies a major blind spot in comparative memory studies despite the field’s recent “transcultural” turn: the danger of earmarking select globally recognized atrocities—specifically, the Holocaust, transatlantic slavery, and the Rwandan genocide—as emblematic analogies for renewed racial violence against marginalized groups. The essay points to a tendency to refer to these three events as limit cases for state-sanctioned violence in both public and academic commentary on rising authoritarianism. These events risk being reduced to monoliths, and the enormity of the crime eclipses the specific historical and cultural implications at stake in our contemporary moment. The essay calls on memory theorists to more aggressively scrutinize less ubiquitous, even previously peripheral histories tied to the interconnected legacies of colonialism, state terror, and slavery. As an example, this essay contrasts common comparisons between monolithic events and Donald Trump’s anti-immigrant rhetoric with the 1937 Parsley Massacre, a lesser-known genocide motivated by populist discontent in the Dominican Republic, depicted in Edwidge Danticat’s novel The Farming of Bones. Seeking more nuanced comparisons not only challenges us to better understand the details of contemporary fascism but also reinforces the remembrance of less-known atrocities at risk for erasure in world history.
microbiomeDASim: Simulating longitudinal differential abundance for microbiome data
Authors: Williams Justin , Bravo Hector Corrada , Tom Jennifer , Paulson Joseph Nathaniel
Published: October 2019

An increasing emphasis on understanding the dynamics of microbial communities in various settings has led to the proliferation of longitudinal metagenomic sampling studies. Data from whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing and marker-gene survey studies have characteristics that drive novel statistical methodological development for estimating time intervals of differential abundance. In designing a study and the frequency of collection prior to a study, one may wish to model the ability to detect an effect, e.g., there may be issues with respect to cost, ease of access, etc. Additionally, while every study is unique, it is possible that in certain scenarios one statistical framework may be more appropriate than another. Here, we present a simulation paradigm implemented in the R Bioconductor software package microbiomeDASim available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/microbiomeDASim microbiomeDASim. microbiomeDASim allows investigators to simulate longitudinal differential abundant microbiome features with a variety of known functional forms with flexible parameters to control desired signal-to-noise ratio. We present metrics of success results on one particular method called metaSplines.
CIVIL LAW, 5-TH EDITION
Authors: Юкша Янис , Yuksha YAnis , Шаповал Ольга , Shapoval Olga
Published: October 2019

The book in an accessible form covers all the main issues of the curriculum for the discipline "Civil law".The manual is a summary of the course of General and Special part of civil law. The material is presented taking into account the latest changes in legislation. The manual is intended for students and teachers of law faculties, as well as all those interested in the issues of civil turnover.
Detection of Multi-Class Retinal Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence: An Expeditious Learning Using Deep CNN with Minimal Data
Authors: S. Karthikeyan , Kumar P. Sanjay , Madhusudan R J Madhusudan , Sundaramoorthy S K Sundaramoorthy , Namboori3 P K Krishnan
Published: October 2019

The health-related complications such as diabetes, macular degeneration, inflammatory conditions, ageing and fungal infections may cause damages to the retina and the macula of the eye, leading to permanent vision loss. The major diseases associated with retina are Arteriosclerotic retinopathy (AR), Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), Coat's disease (CD) and Hemi-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (HRVO). The symptomatic variations among these disorders are relatively confusing so that a systematic diagnostic strategy is difficult to set in. Therefore, an early detection device is required that is capable of differentiating the various ophthalmic complications and thereby helping in providing the right treatment to the patient at the right time. In this research work, 'Deep Convolution Neural Networks (Deep CNN) based machine learning approach has been used for the detection of the twelve major retinal complications from the minimal set of fundus images. The model was further cross-validated with real-time fundus images. The model is found to be superior in its efficiency, specificity and ability to minimize the misclassification. The “multi-class retinal disease” model on further cross-validation with real-time fundus image of the gave an accuracy of 95.63 %, validation accuracy of 92.99 % and F1 score of 91.96 %. The multi-class model is found to be a theranostic clinical support system for the ophthalmologist for diagnosing different kinds of retinal problems, especially BRAO, BRVO, CRAO, CD, DR, HRVO, HP, HR, and CN.
Teaching students to write about art: Results of a fouryear patchwork text project
Authors: Staff Craig , Farmer Robert
Published: October 2019

This article presents the findings from a four-year project designed to gather undergraduate Fine Art students' perceptions of replacing an essay with a Patchwork Text Assessment (PTA), a form of assessment in which a series of self-contained, thematically related patches are written at regular intervals over a series of weeks or months and are then stitched together with a final meta-patch exploring the unity and interrelatedness of the individual patches. On completion of the PTA, students were asked a series of questions about their experiences, and analysis of their responses showed that they had found completing the PTA more difficult, more enjoyable and more rewarding than writing an essay. Importantly, there were no suggestions that the PTA had dumbed down assessment practices, nor was there an increase in the workload of the academic staff supporting and assessing the PTA.
From design thinking to design knowing: An educational perspective
Authors: Chon Harah , Sim Joselyn
Published: October 2019

The process of design explicates the procedural knowledge of design activities, shifting theoretical conceptions across practical dimensions. Design thinking, as a creative and innovative methodology, has been established as a designerly process for non-designers to address complex problems. This article reviews the implications of introducing the design thinking methodology as a pedagogical approach in design education at LASALLE College of the Arts in Singapore, generating new knowledge to inform the research spaces of design practice and theory. Using the design thinking methodology as a sound framework to facilitate risk-taking decisions in design research and practice, students from the design specialisms of Design Communication, Product Design and Interior Design were inducted into an interdisciplinary project. The perspectives and insights arising from the collaborative, design thinking methodology are extracted, analysed and adapted to form a framework to illustrate the non-linear, circular structures of knowledge generation from theory (designerly knowing) to practice (design thinking) and research (design knowing).
Review
Authors: Broadhead Samantha
Published: October 2019

Provoking the Field: International Perspectives on Visual Arts PhDs in Education, Anita Sinner, Rita Irwin and Jeff Adams (eds) (2019) Bristol: Intellect Ltd, 276 pp., ISBN 978-1-78320-991-0, p/bk, £25
РИСКИ И ПРИЧИНЫ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ ЖЕНСКОГО ПОЛА
Authors: Каплун Оксана Юрьевна
Published: October 2019

Актуальность исследования подтверждается тем, что в настоящее время преступное поведение женщин приобрело массовый характер. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении значимых факторы риска, устранение которых дает больший превентивный эффект, чем борьба с последствиями – совершенными женщинами преступлениями. Исследовательской проблемой является влияние различных факторов риска на уровень и динамику женской молодёжной преступности. Вторичный анализ результатов исследований позволил обнаружить, что некоторые социальные и индивидуальные факторы связаны с повышенным риском совершения противоправных поступков. Научное и практическое значение итогов работы заключается в выявлении влияния факторов риска, к которым отнесли индивидуальный, родительский/семейный, взаимодействие со сверстниками, влияние школы и сообщества на женскую молодежную преступность.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ И СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПРОБЛЕМЫ АЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ В РОССИИ (РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ)
Authors: Шматова Юлия Евгеньевна
Published: October 2019

Массовое распространение алкоголизма признано одной из главных угроз национальной безопасности. Экономические потери за 2016 г. вследствие вредного употребления алкоголя в мире составили 99 млн лет «здоровой» жизни (DALY). В статье выявлено, что экономический ущерб вследствие смертности и инвалидности от негативных последствий алкоголя в РФ в три раза выше среднемировых значений. По сравнению с 1990 г. увеличилось «бремя болезни», как и смертность по указанной причине среди молодежи. В исследовании алкоголизация населения представлена в качестве системы статистических показателей. Отражена их динамика в постсоветский период (с акцентом на Северо-Западном федеральном округе и Вологодской области). Отмечены позитивные тренды снижения заболеваемости алкоголизмом и алкогольными психозами, смертности от случайных алкогольных отравлений, сокращения объемов продаж спиртных напитков. Выделены регионы — лидеры по алкоголизму. Вологодская область демонстрирует значительное превышение уровня распространения алкогольных психозов, что говорит о слаборазвитой системе лечения и реабилитации лиц, страдающих алкоголизмом.
БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЭКСКЛЮЗИЯ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ В СИСТЕМЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
Authors: Максимова Светлана Геннадьевна , Ноянзина Оксана Евгеньевна , Омельченко Дарья Алексеевна
Published: October 2019

Целью работы является попытка выяснить, насколько эксклюзия проявляется в повседневной жизни населения Алтайского края, имеет ли место самоисключение индивида, особенно из системы общественных связей, или «пространства социальных отношений». При этом авторы придерживаются мнения о том, что безопасные общественные отношения операционализируются через инклюзию и социальную поддержку. В исследовании особенностей социальной эксклюзии и безопасности в системе общественных отношений населения зрелого возраста (2019) приняли участие жители городов и сельских поселений Алтайского края в возрасте зрелости (женщины 40– 54 лет и мужчины 40–59 лет, n = 318). В рамках статьи использованы следующие показатели: самооценка степени активности, направления общественной активности, самоэксклюзия общественного участия, социально-политическая активность, вовлеченность в дела семьи и проблемы домохозяйства, включенность взрослого населения в социальные сети. Сделан общий вывод о более разнонаправленной жизненной активности опрошенных с более высоким социальным статусом, который позволяет им не только расширять возможности досуга и отдыха, дает более широкий доступ к инфраструктурным возможностям и услугам, как мы ранее отмечали, но и формирует интерес к разнонаправленной деятельности, включению в социальную сферу, повышая социальную и гражданскую активность. Низкие статусные возможности снижают потенциал активности и чаще направляют активность опрошенного в какое-то одно русло — будь то работа (при наличии), уход за детьми, самообслуживание, исключая низкостатусных индивидов из процессов, происходящих в обществе.
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В ПРИРОДООХРАННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ: «ЧТО ЕСТЬ ТАКОГО В ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВЕ, ЧТО СТОИТ СОХРАНИТЬ?»
Authors: Атанасова Анна , Георгиев Милен Димитров
Published: October 2019

Феномен социального предпринимательства развивается в РФ, и исследовать его представляется актуальным. Статья рассматривает ситуацию неопределенности, в которую попало человечество вследствие экологических катастроф, и адаптации к ней, а также феномен социальных предпринимателей и альтруистических ценностей как ответ на вопрос: «Что же стоит сохранить в человечестве?».
Agro-economic profitability of sweet potato cultivars as a function of the harvest age and times of cultivation in the semi-arid
Authors: Albuquerque José Ricardo Tavares de , Dos Santos Manoel Galdino , Paula Ribeiro Rayanne Maria , Ferreira Hugo , Souza Ênio Gomes Flôr , Lins Hamurábi Anizio , Júnior Aurélio Paes Barros , Bezerra Neto Francisco
Published: October 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the profitability of sweet potato cultivars, harvested at different ages and cultivated in different periods (rainy and dry) in the municipality of Mossoró, semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments arranged in split plots scheme. The plots were composed of three sweet potato cultivars (ESAM 1, Paraná and Mother of Family) and the subplots for five harvest ages (90 , 105, 120, 135 and 150 days after transplanting - DAT). Productivity of commercial roots and production costs was evaluated, as well as the economic indicators: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. Independently of the growing periods, the productivity of commercial roots increased with the later harvest of the crop and differentiated the cultivars. Production costs averaged R$ 6,087.97 ha-1 in the rainy season and R$ 6,181.42 ha-1 in the dry period. Labor expenditures were the most impacting of total expenditures. The cultivars ESAM 1 and Paraná presented higher productivities of commercial roots and profitability when cultivated in the rainy season, while Paraná cultivar was superior to the other cultivars in the crop in the dry season. In both growing periods, the harvest age of 150 DAT promoted higher productivities of commercial roots and profitability to sweet potato production.
Mapping the Research Trends on Information Literacy of Selected Countries during 2008 2017 A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Verma Manoj Kumar , Shukla Ravi
Published: October 2019

The growth rate of literature on ‘Information Literacy’ during the period of 10 years i.e. (2008-2017) in which a total of 9496 research papers were published in the field of Information Literacy is analysed. A scientometric study is one of the most famous measurement tools to identify and find out the publications trends in the field of sciences. The study analysed and examined the different scientometric parameters i.e. year wise distributions of publications, annual growth rate, compound annual growth rate, relative growth rate and doubling time, most productive authors, geographical distributions and found that the maximum 1234 (12.99 %) were published in 2016, 25.679 per cent annual growth rate was recorded in the year 2010 and the maximum 10.212 per cent CAGR recorded in 2009. The maximum RGR 0.795 and Dt. 5.824 were recorded in 2009 and 2017, respectively. The most prolific authors were Wolf, M.S with 65 publication, followed by 31 publication by Pinto, M. The maximum citations were recorded in the 2010 i.e. 14298, followed by 13594 citation in 2011. The maximum 5770 of contributions were published by the United States, followed by the United Kingdom with 1028 contribution.
Global Research Studies on Electronic Journals A Scientometric Study during 1990 2017
Authors: Gupta B M , Dhawan S M , Kolle Shankar Reddy
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative description of global research in the field “electronic journals”. The study is based on global publications data (1747 publications) on the subject sourced from SCOPUS database covering the period 1990-2017. The study analyzes the data on a series of measures, like average annual growth, citations per paper, international collaborative papers, relative citation index, and activity index. Global research in the subject registered 18.46% growth, research impact of 5.28 citations per paper, and contributed barely 26 highly cited papers within a long span of 28 years. The USA has emerged as the world leader in electronic journals research accounting for 45.28% global publications share, followed by U.K. (12.18%), India (5.49%), etc. Top 20 organizations and authors in the subject contributed 16.58% and 11.15% global publications share respectively and 37.72% and 43.92% global citations share respectively during the period.
Contents and Interactivity of National Library Websites
Authors: Haneefa Mohamed , Jiji P.T.
Published: October 2019

The contents and interactivity of national library websites around the world is analysed. The study was confined to ninety nine selected national library websites. A checklist along with a data sheet was used as the tool for data collection and Microsoft Excel was used as the tool for data analysis. The analysis revealed that the websites have almost identical pattern of contents and interactivity. Majority of the websites used interactive applications. Facebook is the most preferred application followed by Twitter, RSS and blogs. The websites preferred extreme top right corner and extreme bottom right corner of their homepages to provide links to the applications and web objects. This study is useful for developing design standards for library websites and portals.
Venous Thrombosis could be Gender Specific, Women Beware!
Authors: Srivastava Swati , Garg Iti , Ganju Lilly , Kumar Bhuvnesh
Published: October 2019

Venous thrombosis (VT) is the third major cause of mortality in the world after heart attack and stroke. Its two major clinical manifestations are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) which are serious medical conditions but often remain under-diagnosed. Although rate of occurrence of venous thrombosis in men is slightly higher, a number of studies have pointed out that woman poses higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to men at various stages of life. Risk of VTE increases in women’s life particularly with use of oral contraceptives, during pregnancy and with exogenous administration of hormones like in post-menopausal hormone therapy. Various reports show that these factors increase risk of DVT and PE by several folds. DVT is considered as an important cause of maternal death in western countries. It is often asymptomatic and its signs and symptoms are similar to those of normal pregnancy. The hormonal changes at various stages of life and less physical activity increase the risk of VTE by blood flow stasis. It is extremely important for women to know the stages of life when they are prone to develop VTE, about its prevention and treatment. Detailed studies on differences in clinical manifestations of VTE between men and women are lacking. This review focusses on assessing the increased risk of VTE and its prognosis in women based on available literature.