bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol–radiation feedback deteriorates the wintertime haze in the North China Plain
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Hu Bo , Liu Suixin , Zhou Meng , Wang Qiyuan , Li Xia , Liu Lang , Feng Tian , Liu Zirui , Wang Yichen , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Wang Jun , Molina Luisa T. , Li Guohui
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols scatter or absorb a fraction of the
incoming solar radiation to cool or warm the atmosphere, decreasing surface
temperature and altering atmospheric stability to further affect the
dispersion of air pollutants in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). In the
present study, simulations during a persistent and heavy haze pollution
episode from 5 December 2015 to 4 January 2016 in the North China Plain
(NCP) were performed using the Weather Research and
Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to comprehensively quantify
contributions of aerosol shortwave radiative feedback (ARF) to near-surface
(around 15 m above the ground surface) PM2.5 mass concentrations. The
WRF-Chem model generally performs well in simulating the temporal variations
and spatial distributions of air pollutants concentrations compared to
observations at ambient monitoring sites in the NCP, and the simulated
diurnal variations of aerosol species are also consistent with the
measurements in Beijing. Additionally, the model simulates the aerosol
radiative properties, the downward shortwave flux, and the PBL height
against observations in the NCP well. During the episode, ARF deteriorates the
haze pollution, increasing the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations in
the NCP by 10.2 µg m−3 or with a contribution of 7.8 % on
average. Sensitivity studies have revealed that high loadings of PM2.5
attenuate the incoming solar radiation reaching the surface to cool the
low-level atmosphere, suppressing the development of the PBL, decreasing the surface
wind speed, further hindering the PM2.5 dispersion, and consequently
exacerbating the haze pollution in the NCP. Furthermore, when the
near-surface PM2.5 mass concentration increases from around 50 to
several hundred µg m−3, ARF contributes to the near-surface
PM2.5 by more than 20 % during daytime in the NCP, substantially
aggravating the heavy haze formation. However, when the near-surface
PM2.5 concentration is less than around 50 µg m−3, ARF
generally reduces the near-surface PM2.5 concentration due to the
consequent perturbation of atmospheric dynamic fields.
Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Hu Bo , Liu Suixin , Zhou Meng , Wang Qiyuan , Li Xia , Liu Lang , Feng Tian , Liu Zirui , Wang Yichen , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Wang Jun , Molina Luisa T. , Li Guohui
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Water vapor has been proposed to amplify the severe haze
pollution in China by enhancing the aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF).
Observations have revealed that the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations
([PM2.5]) generally exhibit an increasing trend with relative humidity
(RH) in the North China Plain (NCP) during 2015 wintertime, indicating that the
aerosol liquid water (ALW) caused by hygroscopic growth could play an
important role in the PM2.5 formation and accumulation. Simulations
during a persistent and heavy haze pollution episode from 5 December 2015
to 4 January 2016 in the NCP were conducted using the WRF-Chem Model to
comprehensively quantify contributions of the ALW effect to near-surface
[PM2.5]. The WRF-Chem Model generally performs reasonably well in
simulating the temporal variations in RH against measurements in the NCP. The
factor separation approach (FSA) was used to evaluate the contribution of
the ALW effect on the ARF, photochemistry, and heterogeneous reactions to
[PM2.5]. The ALW not only augments particle sizes to enhance aerosol
backward scattering but also increases the effective radius to favor
aerosol forward scattering. The contribution of the ALW effect on the ARF
and photochemistry to near-surface [PM2.5] is not significant,
being generally within 1.0 µg m−3 on average in the NCP during the episode.
Serving as an excellent substrate for heterogeneous reactions, the ALW
substantially enhances the secondary aerosol (SA) formation, with an average
contribution of 71 %, 10 %, 26 %, and 48 % to near-surface sulfate,
nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic aerosol concentrations.
Nevertheless, the SA enhancement due to the ALW decreases the aerosol
optical depth and increases the effective radius to weaken the ARF, reducing
near-surface primary aerosols. The contribution of the ALW total effect to
near-surface [PM2.5] is 17.5 % on average, which is overwhelmingly
dominated by enhanced SA. Model sensitivities also show that when the RH is
less than 80 %, the ALW progressively increases near-surface [PM2.5]
but commences to decrease when the RH exceeds 80 % due to the high
occurrence frequencies of precipitation.
Arctic cloud annual cycle biases in climate models
Authors: Taylor Patrick C. , Boeke Robyn C. , Li Ying , Thompson David W. J.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Arctic clouds exhibit a robust annual cycle with maximum
cloudiness in fall and minimum cloudiness in winter. These variations affect energy
flows in the Arctic with a large influence on the surface radiative fluxes.
Contemporary climate models struggle to reproduce the observed Arctic cloud
amount annual cycle and significantly disagree with each other. The goal of
this analysis is to quantify the cloud-influencing factors that contribute
to winter–summer cloud amount differences, as these seasons are primarily
responsible for the model discrepancies with observations. We find that
differences in the total cloud amount annual cycle are primarily caused by
differences in low, rather than high, clouds; the largest differences occur between
the surface and 950 hPa. Grouping models based on their seasonal cycles of
cloud amount and stratifying cloud amount by cloud-influencing factors, we
find that model groups disagree most under strong lower tropospheric
stability, weak to moderate mid-tropospheric subsidence, and cold lower
tropospheric air temperatures. Intergroup differences in low cloud amount
are found to be a function of lower tropospheric thermodynamic
characteristics. Further, we find that models with a larger low cloud amount
in winter have a larger ice condensate fraction, whereas models with a
larger low cloud amount in summer have a smaller ice condensate fraction.
Stratifying model output by the specifics of the cloud microphysical scheme
reveals that models treating cloud ice and liquid condensate as separate
prognostic variables simulate a larger ice condensate fraction than those
that treat total cloud condensate as a prognostic variable and use a
temperature-dependent phase partitioning. Thus, the cloud microphysical
parameterization is the primary cause of inter-model differences in the
Arctic cloud annual cycle, providing further evidence of the important role
that cloud ice microphysical processes play in the evolution and modeling of
the Arctic climate system.
Contributions of different anthropogenic volatile organic compound sources to ozone formation at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region and its policy implications
Authors: He Zhuoran , Wang Xuemei , Ling Zhenhao , Zhao Jun , Guo Hai , Shao Min , Wang Zhe
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of
photochemical smog. Quantitatively evaluating the contributions of VOC
sources to ozone (O3) formation could provide valuable information for
emissions control and photochemical pollution abatement. This study analyzed
continuous measurements of VOCs during the photochemical season in 2014 at a
receptor site (Heshan site, HS) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, where
photochemical pollution has been a long-standing issue. The averaged mixing
ratio of measured VOCs was 34±3 ppbv, with the largest contribution
from alkanes (17±2 ppbv, 49 %), followed by aromatics, alkenes
and acetylene. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to
resolve the anthropogenic sources of VOCs, coupled with a
photochemical-age-based parameterization that better considers the
photochemical processing effects. Four anthropogenic emission sources were
identified and quantified, with gasoline vehicular emission as the most
significant contributor to the observed VOCs, followed by diesel vehicular
emissions, biomass burning and solvent usage. The O3 photochemical
formation regime at the HS was identified as VOC-limited by a photochemical
box model with the master chemical mechanism (PBM-MCM). The PBM-MCM model
results also suggested that vehicular emission was the most important source
to the O3 formation, followed by biomass burning and solvent usage.
Sensitivity analysis indicated that combined VOC and NOx emission
controls would effectively reduce incremental O3 formation when the
ratios of VOC-to-NOx emission reductions were > 3.8 for
diesel vehicular emission, > 4.6 for solvent usage, > 4.6 for biomass burning and 3.3 for gasoline vehicular emission. Based on
the above results, a brief review of the policies regarding the control of
vehicular emissions and biomass burning in the PRD region from a regional
perspective were also provided in this study. It reveals that different
policies have been, and continue to be, implemented and formulated and could help
to alleviate the photochemical pollution in the PRD region. Nevertheless,
evaluation of the cost-benefit of each policy is still needed to improve air
quality.
Bias Correction of Long-Path CO2 Observations in a Complex Urban Environment for Carbon Cycle Model Inter-Comparison and Data Assimilation
Authors: Zaccheo T. Scott , Blume Nathan , Pernini Timothy , Dobler Jeremy , Lian Jinghui
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Greenhouse gas Laser Imaging Tomography Experiment (GreenLITE™) trace gas measurement system, jointly designed and developed by Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. and Spectral Sensor Solutions LLC, provides high-precision, long-path measurements of atmospheric trace gases including CO2 and CH4 over extended (0.04 km2–25 km2) areas of interest. In 2015, a prototype unit was deployed in Paris, France to demonstrate its ability to provide continuous observations of CO2 concentrations along horizontal air segments and two-dimensional (2-D) maps of time-varying CO2 concentrations over a complex urban environment. Subsequently, these data have been adapted to create a physically consistent set of horizontal segment mean concentrations for: 1) Comparisons to highly accurate in situ point measurements obtained for coincident times within the Greater Paris area, 2) Inter-comparisons with results from high-spatial and temporal regional carbon cycle model data, and 3) Potential assimilation of these data to constrain and inform regional carbon cycle modeling frameworks. To achieve these ends, the GreenLITE™ data are calibrated against precise in situ point measurements to reconcile constant systematic as well as slowly varying temporal differences that exist between in situ and GreenLITE™ measurements to provide unbiased comparisons, and the potential for long-term co-assimilation of both measurements into urban-scale emission models. While both the constant systematic biases and the slowly varying differences may have different impacts on the measurement accuracy and/or precisions, they are in part due to a number of potential common terms that include limitation in the instrument design, uncertainties in spectroscopy and imprecise knowledge of the atmospheric state. This work provides a brief overview of the system design and the current gas concentration retrieval and 2-D reconstruction approaches, a description of the bias correction approach, the results as applied to data collected in Paris, France, and an analysis of the inter-comparison between collocated in situ measurements and GreenLITE™ observations.
FROGS: a daily 1°  ×  1° gridded precipitation database of rain gauge, satellite and reanalysis products
Authors: Roca Rémy , Alexander Lisa V. , Potter Gerald , Bador Margot , Jucá Rômulo , Contractor Steefan , Bosilovich Michael G. , Cloché Sophie
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We introduce the Frequent Rainfall Observations on GridS (FROGS) database
(Roca et al., 2019). It is composed of gridded daily-precipitation products
on a common 1∘×1∘ grid to ease intercomparison and
assessment exercises. The database includes satellite, ground-based and
reanalysis products. As most of the satellite products rely on rain gauges
for calibration, unadjusted versions of satellite products are also provided
where available. Each product is provided over its length of record and up
to 2017 if available. Quasi-global, quasi-global land-only, ocean-only and tropical-only as well as regional products (over continental Africa and
South America) are included. All products are provided on a common netCDF
format that is compliant with Climate and Forecast (CF) Convention and Attribute Convention for Dataset Discovery (ACDD) standards. Preliminary
investigations of this large ensemble indicate that while many features
appear robust across the products, the characterization of precipitation
extremes exhibits a large spread calling for careful selection of the
products used for scientific applications. All datasets are freely available
via an FTP server and identified thanks to the DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14768/06337394-73A9-407C-9997-0E380DAC5598.
Assessing economic impacts of environmental research infrastructures: overview of methodological tools
Authors: Kalaydjian Régis
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The data generated by environmental research infrastructures (ENV RIs) are key material to forecast the development conditions of environment sensitive activities: in a context marked by emerging risks from global warming, atmosphere and ocean monitoring is taking up critical importance for these industries. The objective of this paper is to review the main tools used to assess the performance of ENV RIs via their economic impacts. Three impact categories are considered: (1) upstream impacts on equipment suppliers; (2) downstream impacts on observation and forecast performance; (3) feedback impacts on environment in terms of damage mitigation and risk avoidance. For each category, the main impact assessment methods are described against their application scope and limits. An ocean-related case study serves as a practical example: Argo, a global in-situ ocean observing system, helps to gain a better grasp of the chain of primary and processed data flows for ocean monitoring and forecast, and of its functioning. It highlights the issues involved in assessing the different categories of impacts.
Weather and climate forecasting with neural networks: using general circulation models (GCMs) with different complexity as a study ground
Authors: Scher Sebastian , Messori Gabriele
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Recently, there has been growing interest in the possibility of using neural networks for both weather forecasting
and the generation of climate datasets. We use a bottom–up approach
for assessing whether it should, in principle, be possible to do this. We use the relatively simple general circulation models (GCMs) PUMA and PLASIM as a simplified reality on which we train deep neural networks, which we then use for predicting the model weather at lead times of a few days. We specifically assess how the complexity of the climate model affects the neural network's forecast skill and how dependent the skill is on the length of the provided training period. Additionally, we show that using the neural networks to reproduce the climate of general circulation models including a seasonal cycle remains challenging – in contrast to earlier promising results on a model without seasonal cycle.
Observed and simulated turbulent kinetic energy (WRF 3.8.1) overlarge offshore wind farms
Authors: Siedersleben Simon K. , Platis Andreas , Lundquist Julie K. , Djath Bughsin , Lampert Astrid , Bärfuss Konrad , Canadillas Beatriz , Schultz-Stellenfleth Johannes , Bange Jens , Neumann Tom , Emeis Stefan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Because wind farms affect local weather and microclimates, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models. While most wind farm parameterizations (WFP) include drag effects of wind farms, models differ on whether or not an additional turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source should be included in these parameterizations to simulate the impact of wind farms on the boundary layer. Therefore, we use aircraft measurements above large offshore wind farms in stable conditions to evaluate WFP choices. Of the three case studies we examine, we find the simulated ambient background flow to agree with observations of temperature stratification and winds. This agreement allowing us to explore the sensitivity of simulated wind farm effects with respect to modeling choices such as whether or not to include a TKE source, horizontal resolution, vertical resolution, and advection of TKE. For a stably stratified marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), a TKE source and a horizontal resolution in the order of 5 km or finer are necessary to represent the impact of offshore wind farms on the MABL. Additionally, TKE advection results in excessively reduced TKE over the wind farms, which in turn causes an underestimation of the wind speed above the wind farm. Furthermore, using fine vertical resolution increases the agreement of the simulated wind speed with satellite observations of surface wind speed.
Weak sensitivity of the terrestrial water budget to global soil texture
maps in the ORCHIDEE land surface model
Authors: Tafasca Salma , Ducharne Agnès , Valentin Christian
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Soil physical properties play an important role for estimating soil water and energy fluxes. Many hydrological and land surface models (LSMs) use soil texture maps to infer these properties. Here, we investigate the impact of soil texture on soil water fluxes and storage at global scale using the ORCHIDEE LSM, forced by several complex or globally-uniform soil texture maps. The model shows a realistic sensitivity of runoff processes and soil moisture to soil texture, and reveals that medium textures give the highest evapotranspiration and lowest total runoff rates. The three tested complex soil texture maps being rather similar by construction, especially when upscaled at the 0.5° resolution used here, they result in similar water budgets at all scales, compared to the uncertainties of observation-based products and meteorological forcing datasets. A useful outcome is that the choice of the input soil texture map is not crucial for large-scale modelling. The added-value of more detailed soil information (horizontal and vertical resolution, soil composition) deserves further studies.
Evaluation of the ERA5 reanalysis as a potential reference dataset
for hydrological modeling over North-America
Authors: Tarek Mostafa , Brissette François P. , Arsenault Richard
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has recently released its most advanced reanalysis product, the ERA5 dataset. It was designed and generated with methods giving it multiple advantages over the previous release, the ERA-Interim reanalysis product. Notably, it has a finer spatial resolution, is archived at the hourly time step, uses a more advanced assimilation system and includes more sources of data. This paper aims to evaluate the ERA5 reanalysis as a potential reference dataset for hydrological modelling by considering the ERA5 precipitation and temperatures as proxies for observations in the hydrological modelling process, using two lumped hydrological models over 3138 North-American catchments. This study shows that ERA5-based hydrological modeling performance is equivalent to using observations over most of North-America, with the exception of the Eastern half of the US, where observations lead to consistently better performance. ERA5 temperature and precipitation biases are consistently reduced compared to ERA-Interim and systematically more accurate for hydrological modelling. Differences between ERA5, ERA-Interim and observation datasets are mostly linked to precipitation, as temperature only marginally influences the hydrological simulation outcomes.
Bayesian performance evaluation of evapotranspiration models based on eddy covariance systems in an arid region
Authors: Wei Guoxiao , Zhang Xiaoying , Ye Ming , Yue Ning , Kan Fei
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the land surface process
involved in energy fluxes and energy balance, especially in the hydrological
cycle of agricultural ecosystems. While many models have been developed as
powerful tools to simulate ET, there is no agreement on which model best
describes the loss of water to the atmosphere. This study focuses on two
aspects, evaluating the performance of four widely used ET models and
identifying parameters, and the physical mechanisms that have
significant impacts on the model performance. The four tested models are
the Shuttleworth–Wallace (SW) model, Penman–Monteith (PM) model,
Priestley–Taylor and Flint–Childs (PT–FC) model, and advection–aridity (AA)
model. By incorporating the mathematically rigorous thermodynamic
integration algorithm, the Bayesian model evidence (BME) approach is adopted
to select the optimal model with half-hourly ET observations obtained at a
spring maize field in an arid region. Our results reveal that the SW model has the
best performance, and the extinction coefficient is not merely partitioning
the total available energy into the canopy and surface but also including
the energy imbalance correction. The extinction coefficient is well
constrained in the SW model and poorly constrained in the PM model but not
considered in PT–FC and AA models. This is one of the main reasons that the
SW model outperforms the other models. Meanwhile, the good fitting of SW
model to observations can counterbalance its higher complexity. In addition,
the detailed analysis of the discrepancies between observations and model
simulations during the crop growth season indicate that explicit treatment
of energy imbalance and energy interaction will be the primary way of
further improving ET model performance.
Geospatial Distribution and Accessibility of Primary and Secondary Schools: A case of Abbottabad City, Pakistan
Authors: Sumari Neema Simon , Tanveer Hashir , Shao Zhenfeng , Kira Ernest Simon
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Quality education in isolated areas is a major issue in developing countries like Pakistan, as access to formal education is linked to improved life prospects for rural students. Among the factors for education, accessibility is school availability within a minimum spatial distance. The spatial distribution of schools is generally uneven in most of the cities of Northern Pakistan, thus limiting access to formal education at the primary and secondary level. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of the primary and secondary schools found in the hilly terrain of Abbottabad city. Results show an uneven scattered pattern of schools and decreasing accessibility with longer travel times, at higher costs. Cost-weighted distance showed that this spatial distribution extends the travel distance by more than 5km for secondary school students living in the city. However, spatial restructuring and reorganization of schools in the study area would enhance student access to school facilities.
Automatic Selection Method of Urban Road Network Considering Structural Characteristics
Authors: Wu Wei , Ma Zhaoting
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Road network is one of the key elements of map, and its selection effect directly determines the quality of map generalization. In the process of automatic road network selection under a large scale, it is not only necessary to consider the connectivity and integrity of the road itself, but also necessary to take account of the network characteristics and density characteristics of the road network as a whole. However, most of the existing methods cannot take into account the coordination and maintenance of the above-mentioned features, which leads to the result that the spatial distribution characteristics are easily destroyed after the selection. So an automatic selection method of road network considering structural characteristics is proposed in this paper. Firstly, road stroke connection is generated based on road semantics, geometry and topology features, and the end arc, end stroke and end mesh is identified as the objects to be removed in the selection process. Then, road stroke connection is divided into four categories according to the association characteristics of road stroke connection, and the importance of each stroke is evaluated by length, connectivity and betweenness centrality. Finally, the importance threshold (TS) of road stroke connection and the mesh density threshold (TN) are set, and the stroke connection with the least importance is gradually removed to realize the automatic selection of road network. The reliability and superiority of this method are verified by the road topographic map (1 : 10000) test of a region in Jiangsu Province.
Temporal-spatial Analysis of Contributors’ Mapping Behavior for Building Data in OpenStreetMap
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhou Qi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) crowdsourced from volunteering posts, is closely related to contributors’ mapping behavior. As the most noticeable VGI source, OpenStreetMap (OSM) is one of the most studied objectives in VGI and data contributors. In this paper, temporal-spatial analysis is applied in seeking the temporal and spatial patterns of the number of buildings and contributors in Beijing, China. Temporal changes of the number of updated buildings, and the population of total, new and quitted contributors, were interpreted, as well as the spatial distribution of updated buildings, participated contributors, and frequency of updates. The result suggests that the number of updated buildings, participated contributors, new and quitted contributors are growing. Buildings are mostly updated by a small number of contributors, the majority of which did not participated in mapping in the previous year. Most contributors update buildings for one year without succeeding till the next. Contributors are interested in updating a large amount of buildings frequently around landmarks, commercial districts, universities, and transit hubs. They update buildings at an expanding range and an increasing density, but their attentions do not necessarily bring large quantity of building updates. In general, OSM buildings in developing regions with less complete database are updated under similar patterns as developed regions where data are much more complete.
Digital Terrain Representation Methods and Red Relief Image Map, A New Visualization Approach
Authors: Chiba Tatsuro , Kaneta Shin-ichi , Ohashi Makoto
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Precise DEM obtained by airborne laser scanning and a global scale DEM were prepared to acquire topographic (elevation) data in recent years. For this reason, methods for visualizing the topography are increasingly required and play an significant role. However the previous terrain data representation methods were not able to represent altitude data between contour lines, and it was difficult to display altitude tints, shaded relief, and micro-topography in an easy to visualize manner. The Red Relief Image Map method shows micro-topography and major landform in one image.
How an augmented reality game (Pokémon GO) affected volunteer contributions to OpenStreetMap
Authors: Johnson Brian Alan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. OpenStreetMap (OSM) has become one of the largest sources of volunteered geographic information (VGI), and the data is now used for a wide range of applications. A massively popular augmented reality game, Pokémon GO, recently adopted OSM data for its in-game map and many of its in-game mechanics. This study investigated: (1) How Pokémon GO affected the quantity of daily contributors and daily edits to OSM in South Korea (the only country where OSM data was used exclusively since the game’s launch); and (2) How the game affected volunteers’ contribution habits. The main findings were: (i) the number of daily contributors and daily edits both increased by more than 17 times following the launch of Pokémon GO in South Korea, but returned to more normal levels after around 1½ months; (ii) Most individuals contributing to OSM because of Pokémon GO reportedly did so to improve the in-game map appearance and in-game mechanics; and (iii) Individuals motivated to contribute to OSM because of Pokémon GO tended to create/edit OSM “park” and “water body” features more than other OSM contributors. It is notable that the large increases in OSM contributors and edits occurred even in the absence of any formal guidance or encouragement by the game operator or other parties. If greater efforts are made to encourage participation in VGI initiatives linked to AR games, the observed impacts will likely be even more dramatic.
The new National Atlas of Hungary – volume Natural Environment
Authors: Kocsis Károly , Nemerkényi Zsombor , Zentai László , Gercsák Gábor
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The new edition of the National Atlas of Hungary will be published in four volumes in Hungarian and in English to present the dynamic spatial structure of nature, society and the economy not merely for Hungary, but wherever the required data are available, for the Carpatho–Pannonian Area. In favour of keeping relations with the broader public and meeting the requirements of the time, the National Atlas – in addition to its impressive printed form – will be published also in digital version (e-MNA) in Hungarian and English. The traditional paper-based edition will cover the most important topics in four volumes (The Hungarian State and its Place in the World; Natural Environment; Society; Economy) and in representative quality. It will serve mainly awareness-raising and information provision rather than academic research. The current volume of the new National Atlas of Hungary (MNA), which is presenting the Natural Environment, is the outcome of wide ranging professional collaboration: 19 editors, 137 authors, 220 map authors, 17 cartographers, and several dozen professional and language proofreaders, translators have made their valuable contributions to it.
The Republic of Indonesia Territorial Atlas as Geo-literation Tools for the Adolescents
Authors: Mustofa Fakhruddin , Suryanegara Ellen ,   Niendyawati, Darmawan Mulyanto
Published: July 2019

Abstract. As an independent country and has a long history that forms The Unitary State of The Republic of Indonesia, introduction to the territory and history is very necessary for Indonesia's young generation, especially for adolescents. Various efforts were made by the Government of Indonesia to provide a territorial comprehension in order to make the younger generation understand about the circumstances of their country. One effective way is through Territorial Atlas of The Republic of Indonesia, which is the result from collaboration project between Geospatial Information Agency and Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. This atlas is intended towards the benefit of teenage children, who are taking middle education level between the ages of 12–15 years. It is necessary for children at that age to be equipped with spatial intelligence related to the territorial comprehension of Indonesia, the historical development of the Republic of Indonesia, and also the natural resources potential of their country. This comprehension is needed considering that adolescence is a vulnerable age who require self-actualization, so they need to get a correct understanding of the NKRI region in order to foster the sense of nationalism. On the other hand, the important reason for production the Territorial Atlas is due to the rapid growth of development and the administrative area expansion, especially since the era of regional autonomy, was applied. Furthermore, another reason is that the atlases on the market were not up to date and geometrically did not obey the cartographic principle appropriately. This will cause a misconception for the reader, especially students in the middle school if they receive incorrect information. Therefore, it is important to produce a territorial atlas that uses the mapping principle and correct geospatial data and information. The method used in production the territorial atlas is using the GIS method complemented by literature studies and focused group discussions with education and geospatial experts. In general, the atlas is a compilation of coherent and comprehensive geospatial information regarding 34 provinces in Indonesia, the history of the Republic of Indonesia, introduction of neighboring countries and also equipped with narratives and interesting photographs/images. The results of this activity are in the form of The Republic of Indonesia Territorial Atlas which has been adjusted based on the applicable curriculum and will be disseminated to approximately 3,500 Junior High Schools in all regions of Indonesia in print and digital format. It is expected that through the atlas, the spatial comprehension of young people towards the NKRI region will be better and easier.
Hydrometeorological Conditions Leading to the 2015 Salgar Flash
Flood: Lessons for Vulnerable Regions in Tropical Complex Terrain
Authors: Hoyos Carlos D. , Ceballos Lina I. , Pérez Jhayron S. , Sepúlveda Julián , López Silvana M. , Zuluaga Manuel D. , Velásquez Nicolás , Herrera Laura , Hernández Olver , Guzmán Gisel , Zapata Mauricio
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Flash floods are a recurrent hazard for many developing Latin American regions due to their complex mountainous terrain and the rainfall characteristics in the Tropics. These regions often lack the timely and high-quality information needed to assess, in real-time, the threats to the vulnerable communities due to extreme hydrometeorological events. The systematic assessment of past extreme events allows improving our prediction capabilities of flash floods. In May 2015, a flash flood in La Liboriana basin, municipality of Salgar, Colombia, caused more than 100 casualties and significant infrastructure damage. Despite the data scarcity, the climatological aspects, meteorological conditions, and first-order hydrometeorological mechanisms associated with La Liboriana flash flood, including orographic intensification and the spatial distribution of the rainfall intensity relative to the basin's geomorphological features, are studied using precipitation information obtained using a weather radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) technique, as well as from satellite products, in situ rain gauges from neighboring basins, quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from an operational Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model application, and data from reanalysis products. La Liboriana flash flood took place during a period with negative precipitation anomalies over most of the country as a result of an El Niño event. However, during May 2015, moist easterly flow towards the upper part of La Liboriana caused significant orographic rainfall enhancement. The overall evidence shows an important role of successive precipitation events in a relatively short period, and of orography, in the spatial distribution of rainfall and its intensification as convective cores approached the steepest topography. There were three consecutive events generating significant rainfall within La Liboriana basin, and no single precipitation event was exceptionally large to generate the flash flood, but rather the combined role of precedent rainfall, and extreme hourly precipitation triggered the event. The results point to key lessons for improving local risk reduction strategies in vulnerable regions with complex terrain.
Evaluation of a model for mapping intense pluvial runoff hazard using proxy data of runoff-related impacts. Application to the railway context
Authors: Braud Isabelle , Lagadec Lilly-Rose , Moulin Loïc , Chazelle Blandine , Breil Pascal
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The IRIP method, for Indicator of intense pluvial runoff, in French, is a geomatics method which allows mapping the susceptibility of territory to surface runoff and that provides three maps of susceptibility to the generation, transfer and accumulation of runoff. It is based on the combination of binary maps that represent the impact of a given factor (favourable or not favourable) to runoff. These factors are summed up to provide susceptibility maps to runoff with levels ranging from 0 to 5. To be used for risk prevention, the quality and limitations of the produced maps must be assessed. However, runoff data are very scarce and not available everywhere in a territory. Proxy data of impacts related to runoff can provide information useful for the evaluation of the IRIP maps. However, both information cannot be compared directly and a specific methodology to compare susceptibility maps and proxy data must be proposed. This paper presents such a method that accounts for the hazard level, the vulnerability of the study area and possible mitigation actions taken to reduce the risk. The evaluation method is assessed using runoff-related impacts on railways as proxy data to compare with the maps. The evaluation is made on a 80 km railway line in Normandy (North of France), where a comprehensive database of runoff-related impacts on the railway has been gathered over the whole 20th century. The results show that the evaluation method is robust and relevant. The comparison with runoff-related impacts on the railway also shows that the susceptibility maps produced by the IRIP model provide relevant information related to runoff and that they can be used to design risk management strategies, as illustrated in the railway context.
Intimidad y tecnologías digitales: transformación de las relaciones interpersonales en el uso de Tinder en Chile
Authors: Escobar Pulgar Sebastián Alexis
Published: July 2019

El objetivo del artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación que indaga en las vinculaciones interpersonales y el uso de dispositivos digitales en el marco de la emergencia que han tenido las aplicaciones para citas en Chile. A partir de una etnografía virtual y entrevistas a usuarios de la red social Tinder describimos las transformaciones de las relaciones interpersonales, las formas de auto-presentación de los usuarios en Tinder, y cómo estas se constituyen desde las prácticas, lenguajes y comportamientos que se articulan desde la red social misma. Asimismo, retomando la noción teórica de “liquidez” de Bauman (2005) analizamos los resultados, el contexto y sus consecuencias, en donde la aparición de nuevas subjetividades -perfiles en Tinder- da cuenta de la constitución del Yo “auto-referido” (Sibilia, 2008). En efecto, esto visualiza un supuesto esencial de estudio: Tinder modifica los vínculos interpersonales y los sitúa bajo la lógica del espectáculo, involucrando en ello relaciones mediatizadas con el cuerpo, la imagen y la sociabilidad en red.
Sociedad civil y agenda de género en la Cumbre Mundial de la Sociedad de la Información: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Binder Inés
Published: July 2019

La Cumbre Mundial de la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI) fue el primer proceso de múltiples partes interesadas (multi-stakeholder) en el que Estados, empresas y sociedad civil sentaron las bases conceptuales sobre las cuales se configuró la llamada Sociedad de la Información. Las limitaciones de un proceso de estas características dieron como resultado una serie de acuerdos sobre consensos mínimos en los que primó una visión liberal de dicha sociedad. El presente recorrido tiene como objetivo identificar y sistematizar los análisis y discusiones académicos alrededor de la Cumbre Mundial de la Sociedad de la Información, haciendo particular énfasis en aquellos que se centran en la participación de la sociedad civil y sus posibilidades de instalar la agenda de género y Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación.
Reseña/Review (Muriel, Daniel y Crawford,Garry, "Video Games as culture. Considering the Role and Importance of Video Games in Contemporary Society", London: Routledge, ISBN: 9781138655119, págs. 194, 2018)
Authors: Moreno Azqueta Carlos
Published: July 2019

Reseña/Review (Muriel, Daniel y Crawford,Garry, "Video Games as culture. Considering the Role and Importance of Video Games in Contemporary Society", London: Routledge, ISBN: 9781138655119, págs. 194, 2018)
The Analysis of the Problems in Business English Teaching Assessment System and Suggestions for Improvements
Authors: Guihang Guo , Chen Zhou
Published: July 2019

As an undergraduate program, Business English is still in the initial stage of development in China. It is a new inter-disciplinary and applied discipline, the teaching of which is practical and diverse. Teaching assessment is an important part of the curriculum teaching because it is beneficial for the teacher to obtain feedback, improve teaching quality and maintain the teaching foundation. It is an effective measure for students to find the most suitable learning methods, correct learning habits and enhance learning efficiency. Teaching assessment plays a macro-control role in the implementation of teaching activities and can ensure the realization of teaching effects. Most of the current assessments of Business English teaching is in line with the language test mode of college English. Their assessment of the students’ Business English ability is conducted from the perspectives of using vocabulary, syntax and text. They only detect one of the students’ comprehensive abilities, namely, language ability while ignoring the assessment of application ability and professional literacy as well as other capabilities. This paper conducts a questionnaire survey on sophomores, juniors, seniors, and students who have graduated majoring in Business English at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and Hubei University, aiming at finding out problems in the current assessment system for Business English teaching. Based on the analysis of the problems, suggestions for establishing a new Business English teaching assessment system are proposed.
Menopause, Hormonal Changes and Osteoporosis among Women in Region of the Western Macedonia
Authors: Beadini Albulena , Beadini Sheqibe , Bexheti Sadi , Beadini Nexhbedin
Published: July 2019

Menopause is known as the end of natural transition in a woman’s reproductive life. Otherwise, is the period when progesterone and estrogen production is significantly reduced. The ovaries forbid the cell production and woman loses the ability of getting pregnant. Menopause is defined a period after 12 months without a menstrual cycle or even more.

Osteoporosis is defined as bone tissue disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and bone structure disorder, enabling increased risk for fracture and bone fracture in general. Osteoporosis is considered the most prevalent disease around the age of 50.

The prevalence of this disease on the basis of the most pronounced gender is in females compared to males, respectively a ratio of 3:1 (WHO, 2010).

It is known that loss of osteoarthritis occurring in women during premenopausal is related to estrogen deficiency and the lack of hormonal imaging character that occurs in women during menopause and premenopause.

Status of vitamin D plays a key role in bone health and early prevention of vitamin D deficiency disorders of rakitis and osteomalacia are very important but may also have a low vitamin D implication bone loss, muscle weakness and reduced fractures in older people and these are very important in public health issues in terms of morbidity, quality of life and costs for health services.
Research on measurements of 2nd class leveling
Authors: Luvsandagva Purev , Oyuntsetseg Dash
Published: July 2019

The leveling reference network of Mongolia was established during 1940-1949 by the leveling measurements of class II, III and IV. This work was completed by the Military Service of the Soviet Union (formerly USSR). Repeated measurements were carried out by the Mongolian Geodesy and Cartography Agency for 17 years between 1974-1991. Although, interim reviewing of the leveling measurements has been done, final result of equilibrium calibration did not achieve the network precision of accuracy, due to measurement technology at that time. According to international standards, leveling measurements for the leveling network should be repeated in 5-10 years, in relation to the soil migration and vertical movement of the earth's crust. The modern digital technologies using digital techniques (barcode rods and electronic levels) for leveling network allows for high quality network within a relatively short period. Therefore, repeated measurements for the reference network of Mongolia has been carried out since 2011, and total of 28061 km long network built using both direct and inverted ways of digital leveling. We have done comparative study for 2nd class leveling measurements of 39th line of 13th polygon of reference network of Mongolia. As a result, the comparison of 1945 and 2011 year’s data, max 74.6 cm elevation level difference was calculated in reference point of Рп1496-Рп1595. Likewise; 8.2 cm elevation level difference was calculated in reference point number of Рп1451-Тп01, data of 1975 and 2011.

Нивелирдлэгийн II ангийн хэмжилтийн судалгаа

Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээг анх 1940-1949 онд нивелирдлэгийн II, III ба IV ангийн хэмжилтүүдээр байгуулсан байдаг. Энэ ажлыг ЗХУ-ын Улаан армийн цэргийн байр зүйн алба (хуучин нэрээр) хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Давтан хэмжилтийн ажлыг 1994 - 199 1 оны хооронд 17 жил Монгол Улсын геодези зураг зүйн газар хийсэн. Хэмжилтийн ажлын чанарт завсрын үнэлгээ хийж байсан ч тэгшитгэн бодолтын эцсийн үр дүнгээр сүлжээний нарийвчлалын бодит байдлыг хангаж чадаагүй нь тухайн үеийн хэмжилтийн технологиос үүдэлтэй. Хөрсний шилжилт хөдөлгөөн болон дэлхийн царцдасын босоо хөдөлгөөнийг тодорхойлох, олон улсын судалгааны тогтсон стандартын дагуу өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээг 5-10 жилд давтан хэмжиж байх шаардлагатай байдаг. Орчин үеийн нивелирдлэгийн хэмжилтийг тоон технологи (бар кодтой рейк ба тоон нивелир )ашиглан харьцангуй богино хугацаанд чанарын өндөр түвшинд хийж гүйцэтгэх боломж нөхцөл бүрдсэн. Тийм учраас Монгол Улсын өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээний давтан хэмжилтийн ажлыг 2011 оноос эхлэн шууд ба урвуу чиглэлд нийт 26081км урт өндрийн сүлжээг тоон нивелир ашиглан хийж гүйцэтгэсэн байдаг. Монгол Улсын өндрийн сүлжээний 13-р полигоны 39-р шугамын нивелирдлэгийн II ангийн хэмжилтүүдийг харьцуулан судаллаа. Өндөржилтийн зөрүү хамгийн ихдээ 1945-2011 онд Рп1496-Рп1595 реперүүдийн хооронд - 94 . 8см, 1975-2011 онд Рп1451-Тп01 реперүүдийн хооронд 8.2 см байна.

Түлхүүр үг: Репер цэг, полигон, өндрийн тулгуур сүлжээ, царцдасын босоо хөдөлгөөн
“(No) me declaro culpable”. La conquista de la voz en La culpa es de los tlaxcaltecas, de Elena Garro
Authors: De Benito Mesa Iris
Published: July 2019

La figura de la Malinche aparece repetidamente en el discurso histórico de la conquista de México. Ya sea como traidora a su pueblo, amante de Hernán Cortés, responsable de la matanza de Cholula o madre del primer mexicano “mestizo”, la crítica se ha apropiado de su imagen para representar un modelo negativo de mujer. La producción literaria y crítica ha acabado por hacer de ella un referente ficticio cargado de atributos que van de las nociones de culpa, traición o manipulación a otras relacionadas con el amor o el deseo pasional hacia el conquistador. Partiendo de «La culpa es de los Tlaxcaltecas» (1964), de Elena Garro, se analizarán las lecturas subversivas que genera esta propuesta, así como las posibles contradicciones a las que da pie el discurso del amor romántico.