bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coenzyme Q10 levels are low and may be associated with the inflammatory cascade in septic shock
Authors: Donnino Michael W , Cocchi Michael N , Salciccioli Justin D , Kim Daniel , Naini Ali B , Buettner Catherine , Akuthota Praveen
Published: August 2011

Introduction

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in septic shock. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a key cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, but whether CoQ10 is depleted in septic shock remains unknown. Moreover, statin therapy may decrease CoQ10 levels, but whether this occurs acutely remains unknown. We measured CoQ10 levels in septic shock patients enrolled in a randomized trial of simvastatin versus placebo.

Methods

We conducted a post hoc analysis of a prospective, randomized trial of simvastatin versus placebo in patients with septic shock (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00676897). Adult patients with suspected or confirmed infection and the need for vasopressor support were included in the initial trial. For the current analysis, blood specimens were analyzed for plasma CoQ10 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The relationship between CoQ10 levels and inflammatory and vascular endothelial biomarkers was assessed using either the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results

We analyzed 28 samples from 14 patients. CoQ10 levels were low, with a median of 0.49 (interquartile range 0.26 to 0.62) compared to levels in healthy control patients (CoQ10 = 0.95 μmol/L ± 0.29; P < 0.0001). Statin therapy had no effect on plasma CoQ10 levels over time (P = 0.13). There was a statistically significant relationship between plasma CoQ10 levels and levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) (r2 = 0.2; P = 0.008), TNF-α (r2 = 0.28; P = 0.004), IL-8 (r2 = 0.21; P = 0.015), IL-10 (r2 = 0.18; P = 0.025), E-selectin (r2 = 0.17; P = -0.03), IL-1ra (r2 = 0.21; P = 0.014), IL-6 (r2 = 0.17; P = 0.029) and IL-2 (r2 = 0.23; P = 0.009). After adjusting for LDL levels, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between plasma CoQ10 levels and levels of VCAM (r2 = 0.24; P = 0.01) (Figure 3) and IL-10 (r2 = 0.24; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

CoQ10 levels are significantly lower in septic shock patients than in healthy controls. CoQ10 is negatively associated with vascular endothelial markers and inflammatory molecules, though this association diminishes after adjusting for LDL levels.
Nobody Knew Their Names: The Black Legend of Tetete Extermination
Authors: Wasserstrom Robert , Reider Susan , Lara Rommel
Published: August 2011

Alternately hunted and ignored while they were alive, the Tetete were a small group of Western Tucanoan speakers living in the Amazonian borderlands between Ecuador and Colombia. From 1877 through the 1920s, Ecuadorian rubber collectors shot or kidnapped Tetete people whenever they showed themselves. Unlike other groups, the Tetete chose resistance rather than accommodation or slavery. Sometime before 1940, most of the remaining Tetete were apparently killed in a raid by neighboring Siona people. Although three survivors were found in 1966, a persistent legend claims that large numbers were driven to extinction by missionaries and petroleum companies after oil exploration began nearby in 1964. This article reconstructs the final decades of Tetete history beginning with the rubber boom and analyzes their subsequent use by diverse actors in modern political discourse.
Itinerant Experts, Alternative Harvests:Kamayuqin the Service ofQhapaqand Crown
Authors: DeLeonardis Lisa
Published: August 2011

Inka expansion into south coastal Peru (Chinchasuyu) is well documented in the archaeological record and in historical narratives that celebrate Inka achievements in Ica and Chincha. The lesser-known Pisco Valley equally benefited from Inka largesse as a result of a restructuring of the region by Thupa Inka, who is thought to have dispatched corps of occupational specialists (kamayuq) there. Centering on a group of kamayuq in Pisco, this research traces their movements and activities during and after Inka reign. Attention is drawn to their innovative transition from salt specialists to wine producers. The work contributes to a regional history of Pisco and offers a local perspective on the effects of the indigenous relocations instituted by Viceroy Francisco de Toledo. It attempts to unite and reconcile fragmentary historical sources about colonial Inka provincial peoples with the archaeological record and directs questions for future research.
Satellite cells, connective tissue fibroblasts and their interactions are crucial for muscle regeneration
Authors: Murphy Malea M. , Lawson Jennifer A. , Mathew Sam J. , Hutcheson David A. , Kardon Gabrielle
Published: August 2011

Muscle regeneration requires the coordinated interaction of multiple cell types. Satellite cells have been implicated as the primary stem cell responsible for regenerating muscle, yet the necessity of these cells for regeneration has not been tested. Connective tissue fibroblasts also are likely to play a role in regeneration, as connective tissue fibrosis is a hallmark of regenerating muscle. However, the lack of molecular markers for these fibroblasts has precluded an investigation of their role. Using Tcf4, a newly identified fibroblast marker, and Pax7, a satellite cell marker, we found that after injury satellite cells and fibroblasts rapidly proliferate in close proximity to one another. To test the role of satellite cells and fibroblasts in muscle regeneration in vivo, we created Pax7CreERT2 and Tcf4CreERT2 mice and crossed these to R26RDTA mice to genetically ablate satellite cells and fibroblasts. Ablation of satellite cells resulted in a complete loss of regenerated muscle, as well as misregulation of fibroblasts and a dramatic increase in connective tissue. Ablation of fibroblasts altered the dynamics of satellite cells, leading to premature satellite cell differentiation, depletion of the early pool of satellite cells, and smaller regenerated myofibers. Thus, we provide direct, genetic evidence that satellite cells are required for muscle regeneration and also identify resident fibroblasts as a novel and vital component of the niche regulating satellite cell expansion during regeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reciprocal interactions between fibroblasts and satellite cells contribute significantly to efficient, effective muscle regeneration.
Motoneurons are essential for vascular pathfinding
Authors: Lim Amy H. , Suli Arminda , Yaniv Karina , Weinstein Brant , Li Dean Y. , Chien Chi-Bin
Published: August 2011

The neural and vascular systems share common guidance cues that have direct and independent signaling effects on nerves and endothelial cells. Here, we show that zebrafish Netrin 1a directs Dcc-mediated axon guidance of motoneurons and that this neural guidance function is essential for lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, Netrin 1a secreted by the muscle pioneers at the horizontal myoseptum (HMS) is required for the sprouting of dcc-expressing rostral primary motoneuron (RoP) axons and neighboring axons along the HMS, adjacent to the future trajectory of the parachordal chain (PAC). These axons are required for the formation of the PAC and, subsequently, the thoracic duct. The failure to form the PAC in netrin 1a or dcc morphants is phenocopied by laser ablation of motoneurons and is rescued both by cellular transplants and overexpression of dcc mRNA. These results provide a definitive example of the requirement of axons in endothelial guidance leading to the parallel patterning of nerves and vessels in vivo.
Urinary Peptides as a Diagnostic Tool for Renal Failure Detected by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry: An Evaluation of Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Lapolla Annunziata , Molin Laura , Seraglia Roberta , Sechi Annalisa , Cosma Chiara , Bonfante Luciana , Chilelli Nino Cristiano , Ragazzi Eugenio , Traldi Pietro
Published: August 2011

The development of new analytical methodologies related to the proteome for the evaluation of renal physiology and pathology is surely of wide interest for physicians, giving them new tools for monitoring complications associated with diabetes, such as end-stage renal disease. In the present study, the clinical significance of the urinary abundance of two peptides, SGSVIDQSRVLNLGPITR (the uromodulin precursor, m/z 1912) and IGPHypGPHypGLMGPP [present in the collagen-α-5(IV) chain precursor, m/z 1219], detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) in microalbuminuric or nephropathic diabetic patients and in non-diabetic nephropathic patients was evaluated. A progressive increase in the abundance of the ion at m/z 1219 and a decrease in the abundance of the ion at m/z 1912 have been found in diabetic microalbuminuric, diabetic–nephropathic and nephropathic patients. Linear correlations are present between serum creatinine values and the abundances of the ions at m/z 1219 (positive correlation, r = 0.3645, P < 0.0001) and at m/z 1912 (negative correlation, r = −0.3053, P < 0.0005). Correlations between the MALDI data and the estimated glomerular filtration rate were also found, while relationships with urinary albumin excretion were found only in sub-sets of patients. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves showed a sensitivity up to 96% and a specificity of up to 84% for the two ionic species, or their ratio, for distinguishing diabetic patients with different degrees of nephropathy from healthy subjects, proving that the urinary abundance of the two peptides at m/z 1219 and m/z 1912, determined with MALDI/MS, may be considered as a possible diagnostic tool for the determination of progression toward renal failure, also with the aim of monitoring kidney function, in diabetic patients.
Positive Ion Chemistry of SiH4/GeF4 Gaseous Mixtures Studied by Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Operti Lorenza , Rabezzana Roberto , Turco Francesca , Borocci Stefano , Giordani Maria , Grandinetti Felice
Published: August 2011

The positive ion chemistry occurring in SiH4/GeF4 gaseous mixtures was investigated by ion trap mass spectrometry and ab initio theoretical calculations. The GeF3+ cation, the only fragment obtained from ionised GeF4, was unreactive towards SiH4. All the primary ions SiH n+ ( n = 0–3) react instead with GeF4 to form SiF+ or SiH2F+. The latter species reacts in turn with SiH4 and GeF4 to form SiH3+ and SiHF2+, respectively. The potential energy profiles conceivably involved in these reactions were investigated by ab initio calculations performed at the MP2 and coupled cluster [CCSD(T)] level of theory.
Reducing the Erdős–Moser Equation 1 n + 2 n + ⋯ + kn = (k + 1) n Modulo k and k 2
Authors: Sondow Jonathan , MacMillan Kieren
Published: August 2011

An open conjecture of Erdős and Moser is that the only solution of the Diophantine equation in the title is the trivial solution 1 + 2 = 3. Reducing the equation modulo
Impact behaviour of thermoplastics — materials testing and simulationa
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Hopmann Christian , Heesel Barbara
Published: August 2011

The simulation of a part’s mechanical behaviour has become indispensable in the course of safe and precise part design. Using finite element (FE) analysis, the potential of a material can be utilised optimally, and thus, parts can be designed using minimal cost and materials. In addition, crash simulations of automotive components are constantly gaining higher importance due to tightened laws regarding the safety of passengers and pedestrians (European Transport Safety Council, http://www.etsc.eu/). Therefore, in terms of material- and load-suitable simulation, methods that enable precise prediction of the mechanical behaviour of short-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic parts under impact loading should be developed. An adequate approach for this purpose is integrative crash simulation, which will be described more thoroughly in the following. The required material data determination is discussed as well.
Synthesis and properties of random polysulfone/polyethersulfone copolymers as high-performance polymers
Authors: Zhang Yi-Nan , Zhang Shu-Ling , Yang Yan-Hua , Qin Hong-Yi , Jiang Dong
Published: August 2011

A series of random polysulfone/polyethersulfone (PSF/PES) copolymers were synthesized by the polycondensation of 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol, 4,4′-dihydroxyldiphenylsulfone, and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone in the presence of potassium carbonate. The resulting copolymers displayed similar solubility with PSF and PES. The glass transition temperature and the 5% weight loss temperature of these copolymers varied in the range of 199°C–299°C and 467°C–498°C, respectively, which showed excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the elongation at break of these copolymers was much higher than that of PES, whereas the tensile strength was a little lower.
Structures of 4-{3-(X-phenyl)perhydro-1,3-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridin-1-yl}-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolines (X = H, 2-O2N, 3-O2N and 4-O2N), derived from mefloquine
Authors: Gonçalves Raoni Raoni , Kaiser Carlos R. , de Souza Marcos V. N. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V. , Howie R. Alan
Published: August 2011

The crystal structures of four 4-{3-(X-phenyl)perhydro-1,3-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridin-1-yl}-2,8-bis(trifluoro-methyl)quinolines, (2: X = H, 2-O2N, 3-O2N and 4-O2N) are reported. Differences in the conformations of the molecules are illustrated by the angles between the best planes through the various ring moieties. There are no strong intermolecular interactions, such as O—H···O, present in any of the four compounds. Instead, present in each of the four compounds are different combinations of some of C—H···F, C—H···O(nitro), C—H···π, C—F···π, N—O···π and π···π-stacking interactions, which result in very different supramolecular arrangements.
Genome Evolution and Meiotic Maps by Massively Parallel DNA Sequencing: Spotted Gar, an Outgroup for the Teleost Genome Duplication
Authors: Amores Angel , Catchen Julian , Ferrara Allyse , Fontenot Quenton , Postlethwait John H
Published: August 2011

Genomic resources for hundreds of species of evolutionary, agricultural, economic, and medical importance are unavailable due to the expense of well-assembled genome sequences and difficulties with multigenerational studies. Teleost fish provide many models for human disease but possess anciently duplicated genomes that sometimes obfuscate connectivity. Genomic information representing a fish lineage that diverged before the teleost genome duplication (TGD) would provide an outgroup for exploring the mechanisms of evolution after whole-genome duplication. We exploited massively parallel DNA sequencing to develop meiotic maps with thrift and speed by genotyping F1 offspring of a single female and a single male spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) collected directly from nature utilizing only polymorphisms existing in these two wild individuals. Using Stacks, software that automates the calling of genotypes from polymorphisms assayed by Illumina sequencing, we constructed a map containing 8406 markers. RNA-seq on two map-cross larvae provided a reference transcriptome that identified nearly 1000 mapped protein-coding markers and allowed genome-wide analysis of conserved synteny. Results showed that the gar lineage diverged from teleosts before the TGD and its genome is organized more similarly to that of humans than teleosts. Thus, spotted gar provides a critical link between medical models in teleost fish, to which gar is biologically similar, and humans, to which gar is genomically similar. Application of our F1 dense mapping strategy to species with no prior genome information promises to facilitate comparative genomics and provide a scaffold for ordering the numerous contigs arising from next generation genome sequencing.
Is Life Law-Like?
Authors: Weiss Kenneth M , Buchanan Anne V
Published: August 2011

Genes are generally assumed to be primary biological causes of biological phenotypes and their evolution. In just over a century, a research agenda that has built on Mendel’s experiments and on Darwin’s theory of natural selection as a law of nature has had unprecedented scientific success in isolating and characterizing many aspects of genetic causation. We revel in these successes, and yet the story is not quite so simple. The complex cooperative nature of genetic architecture and its evolution include teasingly tractable components, but much remains elusive. The proliferation of data generated in our “omics” age raises the question of whether we even have (or need) a unified theory or “law” of life, or even clear standards of inference by which to answer the question. If not, this not only has implications for the widely promulgated belief that we will soon be able to predict phenotypes like disease risk from genes, but also speaks to the limitations in the underlying science itself. Much of life seems to be characterized by ad hoc, ephemeral, contextual probabilism without proper underlying distributions. To the extent that this is true, causal effects are not asymptotically predictable, and new ways of understanding life may be required.
Intestinal Parasite Screening in Internationally Adopted Children: Importance of Multiple Stool Specimens
Authors: Staat Mary Allen , Rice Marilyn , Donauer Stephanie , Mukkada Sheena , Holloway Michol , Cassedy Amy , Kelley Jennifer , Salisbury Shelia
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

Our goal was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in internationally adopted children, to examine factors associated with infection, and to determine if evaluating multiple stool specimens increases the yield of parasite identification.

METHODS:

We evaluated internationally adopted children with at least 1 stool specimen submitted for ova and parasite testing within 120 days after arrival to the United States. In children submitting 3 stool specimens, in which at least 1 specimen was positive for the pathogen studied, we examined whether multiple stool specimens increased the likelihood of pathogen identification.

RESULTS:

Of the 1042 children studied, 27% had at least 1 pathogen identified; with pathogen-specific prevalence of Giardia intestinalis (19%), Blastocystis hominis (10%), Dientamoeba fragilis (5%), Entamoeba histolytica (1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1%), and Hymenolepsis species (1%). The lowest prevalence occurred in South Korean (0%), Guatemalan (9%), and Chinese (13%) children, and the highest prevalence occurred in Ethiopian (55%) and Ukrainian (74%) children. Increasing age was significantly associated with parasite identification, whereas malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms were not. Overall, the yield of 1 stool specimen was 79% with pathogen recovery significantly increasing for 2 (92%) and 3 (100%) specimens, respectively (P < .0001). Pathogen identification also significantly increased with evaluation of additional stool specimens for children with and without gastrointestinal symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS:

We provide data for evidence-based guidelines for intestinal parasite screening in internationally adopted children. Gastrointestinal symptoms were not predictive of pathogen recovery, and multiple stool specimens increased pathogen identification in this high-risk group of children.
Health Behaviors and Infant Health Outcomes in Homeless Pregnant Women in the United States
Authors: Richards Rickelle , Merrill Ray M. , Baksh Laurie
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To describe selected demographics; maternal health behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy; and infant health outcomes among homeless women in the United States.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Analyses are based on Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 31 participating states from 2000 to 2007 that were linked to birth certificate data, which contain demographic and medical information collected through the state's vital records system. Responses were then weighted to be representative of all women who gave birth in each state during that year. Assessment of these data takes into account the complex sampling designs employed by the states.

RESULTS:

Four percent of women reported homelessness within 12 months before pregnancy, with the highest percentage in Illinois, followed by Oregon and Washington. Homeless women were younger, unmarried, uninsured, less educated, less likely to initiate and sustain breastfeeding, and had less prenatal care and well-visits. They were also more likely to be black, Hispanic, smoke cigarettes, be underweight or have class III obesity, and not take preconception multivitamins. Infants had lower birth weights, a longer hospital stay, and were more likely to receive neonatal intensive care.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study we provide additional insight into homelessness in the perinatal period and provide information on ways to direct interventions aimed at improving the health of homeless mothers and infants. Additional research is needed to determine factors that influence pregnancy weight gain and infant feeding practices among homeless women and how this affects infant health.
Quality-Improvement Initiative Sustains Improvement in Pediatric Health Care Worker Hand Hygiene
Authors: Linam W. Matthew , Margolis Peter A. , Atherton Harry , Connelly Beverly L.
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To use quality-improvement (QI) methods to develop and test a multimodal intervention to improve hand-hygiene compliance among health care workers (HCWs) to >90%.

METHODS:

We used a quasi-experimental staggered intervention that was conducted on 2 similar general pediatric units within a 475-bed tertiary children's hospital. Compliance was defined as acceptable hand hygiene both before and after contact with the patient or the patient's care environment. Measurement of HCW hand-hygiene compliance was performed by covert observations made during routine patient care. Twelve months of preintervention data were collected. QI methods were used to test and implement interventions sequentially in each unit. Interventions addressed leadership support, improving HCW knowledge, hand-hygiene supply availability, and HCW behavior.

RESULTS:

Interventions began on unit A on November 10, 2008. Similar interventions were later tested on unit B starting March 23, 2009. By April 1, 2009, compliance increased on unit A (from 65% to 91%) and unit B (from 74% to 92%). Improvement on each unit occurred only after the interventions were introduced. Identifying HCWs who failed to perform hand hygiene and offering alcohol-based hand rub to them before patient contact resulted in the greatest improvement. Improvements were sustained on both units for 18 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Use of QI methods to implement a multimodal intervention resulted in sustained improvement in hand-hygiene compliance. Real-time individual performance feedback or other high-reliability human-factor interventions seem to be necessary to reach and sustain high levels of hand-hygiene compliance.
Urinary N-Terminal B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Czernik Christoph , Metze Boris , Müller Christian , Müller Bert , Bührer Christoph
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:

The goal of this study was to evaluate urinary N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations, normalized to creatinine (UNBCR), to predict morbidities at discharge in preterm infants.

METHODS:

UNBCR were determined in urine collected on day of life (DOL) 2, 7, 14, and 28 in 136 preterm infants <1500 g birth weight, 22 of whom developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), defined as oxygen supplementation at 36 weeks' gestational age) and 11 infants developed severe retinopathy (ROP), defined as stage 3 or stage ≥2 requiring surgery).

RESULTS:

UNBCR on DOL 7, 14, and 28 was elevated in infants who developed BPD or ROP compared with controls (P ≤ .001). On multiple regression analysis including birth weight and gestational age, ROP but not BPD remained independently associated with UNBCR on DOL 14 and 28. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for UNBCR on DOL 14 and 28 to predict ROP were 0.938 (0.027) and 0.954 (0.021), respectively. UNBCR DOL 14 and 28 thresholds exceeded by all infants with severe ROP (100% sensitivity, 100% negative predictive value) had a specificity of 66% and 85%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

UNBCR might hold promise to reduce unnecessary eye examinations by timely and accurate identification of infants at risk of severe ROP.
Glossaries
Authors: Escultura E. E.
Published: August 2011

Basic Cosmic or Electromagnetic Waves. Waves generated by the normal vibration of the atomic nuclei that
induces suitable synchronized vibration of dark matter (superstrings) that propagates across it.

Black Hole. Massive concentration of non-agitated superstrings in the eye of a cosmological vortex, e.g., galaxy or
planet. Since black hole is dark matter, it does not suck matter. It is the eye of the cosmological vortex that nurtures
and accumulates it that does; that suction is gravity.

Chaos. Indistinguishable mixture of orders or patterns of behavior. For example, at the onset of a hurricane where air
molecules are rushing by the trillions towards tropical depression, one cannot monitor or predict the direction of motion
of any molecule due to the immensity of their collisions. However, every molecule is subject to the laws of nature.

Cosmological Vortex. Vortex fluxes of superstrings in the Cosmos, e.g., planet, star, galaxy, a grain of cosmic dust....
Pathophysiology-Based Treatment of Idiopathic Calcium Kidney Stones
Authors: Coe Fredric L. , Evan Andrew , Worcester Elaine
Published: August 2011

Idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone-formers (ICSFs) differ from patients who make idiopathic calcium phosphate (CaP) stones (IPSFs). ICSFs, but not IPSFs, form their stones as overgrowths on interstitial apatite plaque; the amount of plaque covering papillary surface is positively correlated with urine calcium excretion and inversely with urine volume. The amount of plaque predicts the number of recurrent stones. The initial crystal overgrowth on plaque is CaP, although the stone is mainly composed of CaOx, meaning that lowering supersaturation (SS) for CaOx and CaP is important for CaOx stone prevention. IPSFs, unlike ICSFs, have apatite crystal deposits in inner medullary collecting ducts, which are associated with interstitial scarring. ICSFs and IPSFs have idiopathic hypercalciuria, which is due to decreased tubule calcium reabsorption, but sites of abnormal reabsorption may differ. Decreased reabsorption in proximal tubules (PTs) delivers more calcium to the thick ascending limb (TAL), where increased calcium reabsorption can load the interstitium, leading to plaque formation. The site of abnormal reabsorption in IPSFs may be the TAL, where an associated defect in bicarbonate reabsorption could produce the higher urine pH characteristic of IPSFs. Preventive treatment with fluid intake, protein and sodium restriction, and thiazide will be effective in ICSFs and IPSFs by decreasing urine calcium concentration and CaOx and CaP SS and may also decrease plaque formation by increased PT calcium reabsorption. Citrate may be detrimental for IPSFs if urine pH rises greatly, increasing CaP SS. Future trials should examine the question of appropriate treatment for IPSFs.
Leaders' and Followers' Social Rank Styles Interact to Predict Group Performance
Authors: Kelly Allison C. , Zuroff David C. , Leybman Michelle J. , Martin Alia
Published: August 2011

In the current study we extended the research of Zuroff, Fournier, Patall, and Leybman (2010) who found that individuals differ in their use of dominant leadership (DL), coalition building (CB), and ruthless self-advancement (RSA) when trying to secure rank among peers. In this study
we examined whether the interaction of leaders' and followers' social rank styles, composed of these 3 dimensions, would influence group performance. Groups of 4 undergraduates were asked to write an article under the randomly assigned leadership of 1 group member. Hierarchical regression
revealed that under leaders high in RSA, group performance was weaker when followers were high in RSA and stronger when followers were low in CB. However, under leaders high in CB, performance was stronger when followers where either high in CB or high in RSA.
Change of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children
Authors: Stojkovic-Andjelkovic Andjelka , Obradovic Slobodan , Vuletic Biljana , Radlovic Nedeljko
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a factor in predicting
bronchial asthma independently of inflammation markers. Objective. The aims
were to determine the frequency and important predictive facts of BHR and the
effect of prophylaxis by Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and National
Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) on BHR in asthmatic children.
Methods. BHR in 106 children was evaluated by the bronchoprovocation test
with methacholine. Results. The prevalence rate of symptomatic BHR is 18% for
crucial point of PC20=4.1?3.03 mg/ml and PD20=3.22?2.59 ?mol methacholine. On
average asthmatic children express moderate BHR, which persists even two
years after administering prophylaxis. After two years bronchial reactivity
is significantly smaller, the change of FEV1 is significantly smaller, the
velocity of change of slope dose response curve (sDRC) is faster and the
provocative concentration of methacholine that causes wheezing is 2-3 times
lower. A mild sDRC shows milder bronchoconstriction after two years. The fast
change of bronchial reactivity in 41% of asthmatic children is contributed to
aero-pollution with sulfur dioxide and/ or, possible insufficient and/or
inadequate treatment during two years of administering prophylaxis. A
simultaneous effect of allergens from home environment and grass and tree
pollens and of excessive aero-pollution on children?s airways is important in
the onset of symptomatic BHR. After two years of treatment by GINA and NAEPP
children do not show asthma symptoms or show mild asthma symptoms, however
bronchial sensitivity remains unchanged. Conclusion. Optimal duration of
anti-inflammatory treatment in asthmatic children who show moderate bronchial
hyperresponsiveness should be longer than two years.
Influence of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on the quality of life
Authors: Grbic Gordana , Djokic Dragoljub , Kocic Sanja , Mitrasinovic Dejan , Rakic Ljiljana , Prelevic Rade , Krivokapic Zarko , Miljkovic Snezana
Published: August 2011

Introduction. The quality of life is a multidimensional concept, which is
best expressed by the subjective well-being. Evaluation of the quality of
life is the basis for measuring the well-being, and the determination of
factors that determine the quality of life quality is the basis for its
improvement Objective. To evaluate and assess the determinants of the
perceived quality of life of group distinguishing features which characterize
demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods. This was a cross-sectional
study of a representative sample of the population in Serbia aged over 20
years (9479 examinees). The quality of life was expressed by the perception
of well-being (pleasure of life). Data on the examinees (demographic and
socioeconomic characteristics) were collected by using a questionnaire for
adults of each household. To process, analyze and present the data, we used
the methods of parametric descriptive statistics (mean value, standard
deviation, coefficient of variation), variance analysis and factor analysis.
Results. Although men evaluated the quality of life with a slightly higher
grading, there was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation
of the quality of life in relation to the examinee?s gender (p>0.005). Among
the examinees there was a high statistically significant difference in
grading the quality of life depending on age, level of education, marital
status and type of job (p<0.001). In relation to the number of children,
there was no statistically significant difference in he grading of the
quality of life (p>0.005). Conclusion. The quality of life is influenced by
numerous factors that characterize each person (demographic and socioeconomic
characteristics of individual). Determining factors of the quality of life
are numerous and diverse, and the manner and the strength of their influence
are variable.
External fixation in the treatment of shooting proximal humeral fracture with bone defect: A case report
Authors: Golubovic Zoran , Vukasinovic Zoran , Stanic Vojkan , Stojanovic Sasa , Stojiljkovic Predrag , Stojiljkovic Danilo , Golubovic Ivan , Micic Ivan , Radovanovic Zoran , Kostic Igor , Visnjic Aleksandar , Najman Stevo
Published: August 2011

Introduction. Shooting injuries of shoulder with destruction of proximal
humerus are rare and severe orthopaedic injuries. Case Outline. A 74-year-old
patient was wounded at close range by a shotgun. He was wounded in the left
shoulder and suffered a massive defect of the proximal humerus and soft
tissue. The neurocirculatory finding of the injury extremity was normal.
After a short resuscitation, x-ray of the thorax and the left shoulder
registered a complet destruction of humeral head. After the primary treatment
of the wound under general endotracheal anesthesia, the shoulder was
stabilized with an external fixator type Mitkovic, with convergent
orientation of the pins, where two pins were placed in the neck of scapula
and two in the humeral shaft, because the left scapular acromion was
fractured by shotgun projectiles. Conclusion. After radical wound
debridement, external fixation is the method of choice for shoulder
stabilisation in shooting injury of shoulder with bone defect. If this is not
possible, pins of the left external skeletal fixator should be placed into
the coracoid process and acromion. The pins can be also placed into the
humeral shaft, as done in the presented case, and by which a good stability
of the injured proximal humerus, easy approach to the wound for bandaging and
reconstructive surgery can be achieved.
Effect of Tooth Bleaching on Bond Strength of Enamel-Dentin Cavities Restored With Silorane- and Dimethacrylate-based Materials
Authors: Lima AF , Sasaki RT , Araújo LS , Gaglianone LA , Freitas MS , Aguiar FHB , Marchi GM
Published: August 2011

Clinical Relevance

Prior bleaching treatment, with both low and high concentrations of bleaching agents, does not affect the push-out bond strength of dimethacrylate- and silorane-based materials to enamel-dentin cavities.
Levels of protein fractions in blood serum of periparturient goats
Authors: Janků Lenka , Pavlata Leoš , Mišurová Ľubica , Filípek Jaroslav , Pechová Alena , Dvořák Rudolf
Published: August 2011

The aim of the study was to compare contents of individual protein fractions determined by electrophoresis in blood serum of healthy periparturient goats. Eight clinically healthy white shorthaired goats were examined. Blood samples of these goats were taken from v. jugularis three weeks and two weeks before the anticipated parturition, on the parturition day, 7 days after the parturition, and 28 days after the parturition. Individual protein fractions, albumins, α1-, α2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins were identified by electrophoretic analysis of blood serum. Percentage shares of individual protein fractions were converted from total protein values to g·l-1values. The results indicated that individual serum protein fractions in periparturient goats showed significant dynamics of change. There were no significant differences between samples taken before the parturition and on the parturition day (except for the increase of β2 from 2.5 ± 0.3 g·l-1observed 3 weeks before the parturition to 3.2 ± 0.4 g·l-1measured 2 weeks before the parturition, and the decrease of γG levels from 9.5 ± 2.6 g·l-1observed three weeks before the parturition to 8.1 ± 1.7 g·l-1found on the parturition day), yet most indicators measured after the parturition were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than on the parturition day (values in g·l-1observed on the parturition day versus values measured 28 days after the parturition: total protein 60.6 ± 4.3 vs. 71.3 ± 2.4, albumins 37.4 ± 2.9 vs. 42.7 ± 1.0, α2 3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8, β1 5.6 ± 0.5 vs. 6.3 ± 0.9, γG 8.1 ± 1.7 vs. 12.3 ± 1.9). The results bring new knowledge on the values of individual fractions of serum proteins in healthy goats, which is necessary for diagnostic interpretation of pathological findings in animals and also for experimental studies.
Medical Education in Developing Countries
Authors: Editor The
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v3i1.8220BJMS 1996; 3(1): 7
Management of Brucellosis
Authors: Talukder MA Samad , Mohamed ARE , Madkour MM , Albaage Thur Y
Published: August 2011

Experiences with management of 140 (82 males and 58 females) patients of brucellosis is presented. The diagnostic criteria was based on clinical presentation (fever, joint pains) and high titre positive brucella agglutination test. Forty-four (31.4%) patients responded in 2-9 days as evidenced by high temperature coming to normal on receipt of adequate therapy by tetracycline alone or in combination with streptomycin or other drugs. Inappropriate antibiotic in inappropriate doses was given to 23 (16.4%) patients resulting in a slow response. More than half 73 (52%) were not treated as they did not attend for follow up for result of investigation or misdiagnosis. The complications were bone and joint involvement and endocarditis. To give adequate therapy and avoid complications any patient with pyrexia in Saudi Arabia should be investigated for brucellosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v3i1.8222BJMS 1996; 3(1): 16-20
Natural Decay Resistance of Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. ex. Benth and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb
Authors: Ashaduzzaman M , Das AK , Kayes I , Shams MI
Published: August 2011

Natural decay resistance of two fast growing timber species, Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. ex. Benth. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. grown in Bangladesh was evaluated by adopting an accelerated decay test method. The wood specimens were exposed to a white rot fungus, Schizophyllum communie for 12 weeks. The natural decay resistance was determined by the weight loss percentage of the tested wood specimens. The weight losses were found 2.0% and 4.37% in heartwood, and 22.19% and 13.61% in sapwood of A. auriculiformis and D. sissoo, respectively. In both the species, the weight loss was significantly higher in sapwood than heartwood. This means that heartwood was more resistant than sapwood. The weight loss significantly increased from bottom to top. Significant variation has been observed in weight loss between A. auriculiformis and D. sissoo both in heartwood and sapwood. The wood of A. auriculiformis and D. sissoo were classified as naturally durable following the standard classification of natural durability. Key words: Decay resistance; Acacia auriculiformis; Dalbergia sissoo; Schizophyllum communie; Accelerated decay test DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8189 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 225-230, 2011
The Transportation Problem Under Probability and Fuzzy Uncertainties
Authors: Dev U , Sultana A , Mitra NK
Published: August 2011

The paper presents the more developed approach for the transportation problem solution in the case of fuzzy co-efficients. The implementation of fuzzy extension of general simplex method is used to realize the numerical fuzzy optimization with fuzzy constraints. The proposed fuzzy numerical method is based on the practical system of the Pioneer Stefan Chanas idea to consider the fuzzy numbers in the probabiilistic sense. The solution of the problem is more generalized based upon the distributor's benefit maximization. Key words: Transportation problem; Fuzzy co-efficients; Fuzzy optimization; Transporting costs; Practical system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8193 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 247-254, 2011
Incidence of Congenital Heart Disease among Hospital Live Birth in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema NN , Chowdhury RB , Chowdhury L
Published: August 2011

Background: Incidence of congenital heart disease is 8-10/1000 live birth which is established by many studies carried out in many centers worldwide. In Bangladesh no incidence study was carried out so far. Newborn children presenting with various forms of congenital heart disease is a common problem now a days. Neonatologists and paediatricians are now more conscious about early detection and treatment of newborn with congenital heart diseases. Diagnostic facilities are also available in many places. So an individual incidence record from an ideal center of our country is a demand of the time which led carrying out this study. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka over a period of three years (2004 – 2006). All five thousand six hundred and sixty eight live births weighing more than 500 gm and more than 28 weeks gestational period were subjected to a thorough clinical examination within 72 hours of birth. Those suspected to have any form of congenital heart disease (CHD) were followed up every 4-6 wks for a period of 12 months. Echocardiography with color Doppler was performed in all these newborn including those who reported late but were delivered in obstetrics department of Combined Military Hospital Dhaka. Result: One hundred forty two babies out of 5668 live birth had CHD, ie, 25/1000 live births. Incidence of CHD was higher in pre terms as compared to full term live birth. Some of the patients (18.30%) has other associated somatic anomalies among which Down’s syndrome was commonest (9.15%). Most common congenital heart lesions were Atrial Septal Defect (ASD-26%), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD-16.9%), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA-18%), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF-14%), Pulmonary Stenosis (PS-7.75%) etc. Those who were found to have congenital heart disease were managed accordingly. Some patients had spontaneous closure of defects in first year follow up period. Conclusion: The incidence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) depends upon various factors like nature of the samples (all live birth or all birth) or on the spot examination by a Paediatric cardiologist. A hospital which has Obstetric, Neonatal and Paediatric cardiology unit can carried out this kind of study successfully. In this study screening of asymptomatic high risk neonates also contributes in early detection of many trivial lesions. Severe lesions were also detected by the paediatric cardiologist who usually expire before being referred from other hospitals and before being diagnosis is established. So a higher incidence rate is recorded in this study. Key words: Congenital heart disease; Echocardiography DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8199 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 14-20
Ventricular Septal Defect as a Complication of Blunt Chest Trauma: A Rare Occurrence and First Case-Report in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury AW , Reza AQM , Baqui MA , Muttalib MA , Tanveer MS , Islam SA , Ullah MS , Mondal DK , Islam SS , Shahidullah MS , Kamal AHM
Published: August 2011

Traumatic ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a very uncommon condition, especially in association with blunt chest trauma. A healthy young adult was diagnosed as a case of VSD one week after a road-traffic accident. History and other medical records suggest it was an acquired post-traumatic VSD. Thus, all patients of blunt chest trauma deserve close cardiac evaluation. Key words: Ventricular septal defect, Blunt chest trauma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8207 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 105-108
Predictors of Adverse Outcome following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Patwary MSR
Published: August 2011

Day by day with the experiences and advancement in technology angioplasty has become more refined with higher rate of success and lower rate of complications. In spite of these there remain some of adverse outcomes following procedure. To minimize procedural complications and adversities were looked for evaluation of high risk features. Percutaneous coronary intervention related mortality is directly related to the episode of coronary artery occlusion and is associated with pronounced left ventricular failure. The variables associated with increased mortality include type C lesion , advanced age, female gender, diabetes, ST segment elevated myocardial infraction ,prior myocardial infraction, multivessel disease, left main or equivalent coronary disease, a large area of myocardium at risk, preexisting impairment of left ventricular or renal function, post- percutaneous coronary intervention worsening of renal function, and collateral vessels supplying significant areas of myocardium that originate distal to the segment to be dilated. Key words: Predictors of coronary intervention, Coronary artery disease DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8216 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 72-77
Aspects of Infection in Intensive Care Unit - Prevention and Control
Authors: Hassan MK , Akhter H , Chowdhury MMG , Haq N , Ahsan NAK
Published: August 2011

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is the most vulnerable area in the hospital premises. Hospital acquired infections in critically ill patients as well as of transmission of infections from a patient to another patient or to the health care workers or vice versa can occur in ICU. ICUs combine physicians, nurses and allied health professionals to manage patients with life threatening single or multiple organ system failure, including stabilization after surgical interventions. It is a continuous management including monitoring, diagnosis, and support of failing vital functions as well as the treatment of the underlying disease. Here we have to discuss the source of infection and their effective control measurement in intensive care unit. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) as well with other sources is most common nosocomial infection having 33% mortality in ICU. Key words: Intensive care unit, Pneumonia, ventilator pneumonia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8218 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 78-80
Thrombus on Mitral Prosthetic Valve  An Uncommon Complication
Authors: Rahman M , Rahman MM , Chakraborty B , Islam ASMN
Published: August 2011

Sudden withdrawal of oral anticoagulant in patients with metalic prosthetic valve without adequate coverage with parenteral heparin may lead to fatal consequences. Here the authors report a uncommon case of thrombotic mitral prosthetic occlusion due to sudden withdrawal of warfarin. Keywords: Prosthetic valve, Thrombus, Thrombolytic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8219 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 109-111