bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico-radiological pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Krishna Vaibhav , Gupta Nitish , Reddy Dinesh , Singh Kamaljeet
Published: June 2017

Background: The link between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis has been recognised for centuries. There is growing evidence that diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for tuberculosis and might affect disease presentation and treatment response. The increase in burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is hitting certain Asian countries harder than other areas. In a global estimate, 15% of all TB cases could be attributable to DM, with 40% of those cases coming from India and China.Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study with 50 TB patients with DM admitted in department of respiratory medicine Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India total 6 months duration patients were included in the study (2015).Results: Total 50 cases were included in the study. The ratio of male: female was 7:3. Age group of 40 years and 60 years was high. Haemoptysis and weight loss were major complaints. There was a higher involvement of lower lung ﬁeld (56%) as compared to upper lung ﬁeld. Bilateral involvement was present in (18%). Cavitary lesions were present in (18%) cases and were more frequently conﬁned to upper lung ﬁeld (62%,5/9). Total 27 patients of pulmonary TB were ﬁrst time detected with DM among them 20 patients had higher bacillary load (sputum >2+) and out of 27 newly detected DM patient 15 required insulin.Conclusions: Tuberculosis and DM have strong correlation and patients with diabetes mellitus has high probability of getting infected with tuberculosis.
Treatment default among pulmonary tuberculosis patients at an urban slum in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwachukwu Ndubuisi O. , Onyeagba Azu R. , Onwuchekwa Elendu C. , Uche Okoronkwo C. , Esther Ulasi A.
Published: June 2017

Background: Anambra State is one of the States in Nigeria with a high rate of treatment default. The objectives were to examine default from treatment among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients and identify reasons for default.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Okpoko in Ogbaru local government area of Anambra state. A total of 166 patients participated. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was based on microscopy. Patients were treated using the standard 6-month regimen recommended by WHO.Results: A treatment default rate of 13.3% was observed. Default was higher in males (15.7%) and in patients aged < 35 years old (P<0.05). Exactly 9 (13.8%) defaulters lived >5km radius from treatment centers versus 3 (12.9%) who lived <5km radius from treatment centers (P<0.05). Majority of patients 17 (77.3%) defaulted during the continuation phase of treatment. The main reasons for default were attributed to harsh attitude of care providers (59.1%), resolution of symptoms (54.5%) migration (36.4%) and poverty (36.4%).Conclusions: Treatment default was high (13.3%) and majority of patients defaulted during the continuation phases. Periodic supervision of community care providers and enhanced counselling of young patients will reduce patient default from treatment.
Onset and duration of epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and bupivacaine plus fentanyl: a comparative study
Authors: Umapathy Pujala , Ayathullah Md.
Published: June 2017

Background: Bupivacaine has got the more cardiac toxicity due to high degree of protein binding. There have been many attempts for improving the duration and onset of epidural block. Fentanyl when administered epidurally was found to reduce the requirement of doses by double in some cases. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of bupivacaine plus fentanyl in terms of onset and duration of epidural analgesia.Methods: A clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the onset and duration of analgesia with bupivacaine and mixture of bupivacaine plus fentanyl when given epidurally for patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgeries. The study was undertaken in 50 patients who were divided into two groups of 25 each. The patients were undergoing surgery in orthopedic theatre at S. V. S. Medical College and Hospital. Patients studied comprised of both the sexes between the 18-55 years of age.Results: It is seen that the onset of analgesia was equal in both the groups 72% of patients in group II had excellent quality of intra operative analgesia compared to only 36% of patients in group I. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). It was seen that none of the patients had analgesia of less than 1 hour 30 minutes. The two-segment regression time was uniformly distributed amongst the two groups. It was found that the incidence of intra operative complications like bradycardia, hypotension, nausea/vomiting were almost equal in both the groups. It was found that the duration of post-operative analgesia in patients of two groups was almost equal.Conclusions: Addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine was found to increase the quality of intra operative analgesia. Otherwise there was no added advantage over bupivacaine alone.
HbA1c is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in association with oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Palem Siva Prasad
Published: June 2017

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in diabetic subjects. Glycaemic status is one of the vital factor involved in vascular complications. It was clear the effect of glycaemia on microvascular complications, but uncertain on macrovascular complications. As we know oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Since oxidative stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the study has designed to perceive an association between HbA1c and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for early prediction of cardiovascular events.Methods: 120 subjects were taken into the study, among these 60 type 2 diabetic subjects and remaining 60 subjects were healthy controls. The parameters like HbA1c, MDA and FRAP were estimated by established methods. ‘Kruskal Wallis’ test was used for variables in the parameters and Pearson correlation test was used to perform correlation between HbA1c and oxidative stress.Results: High level of HbA1c and MDA, low level of FRAP were found in patients with type 2 diabetes than healthy controls. The study was also found HbA1c have positive association with malondialdehyde (MDA) and negative association with FRAP.Conclusions: HbA1c was positively associated with oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this scenario, type 2 diabetic patients with high level of HbA1c might have risk of cardiovascular events.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers and the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students
Authors: R. Baag Shaza , Bansal Vishvesh P. , Bhalchandra Manjushree , Mishra Jyotsna
Published: June 2017

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a dynamic and adaptable bacterium that has an incredible talent to attain antibiotic resistance. Nasal colonisation of S.aureus increases with greater exposure of students to the hospital environment. The prevention of staphylococcal infection and reduction of spread and emergence of MRSA are essential. Medical students would be a key target group to introduce awareness of hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, the present study aims at understanding the prevalence of carrier rate of S.aureus and MRSA among Medical students during their clinical postings.Methods: Nasal swabs were taken from 150 medical students. Their Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage was determined by plating on sheep blood agar and MRSA carriage by to Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method using Cefoxitin disc (30 µg).Results: The present study showed a 40% nasal carriage of S.aureus amongst medical students. Of the 60 S. aureus isolates 28%, 36% and 56% isolates were from 1st, 2nd and 3rd year respectively. The colonisation rate of MRSA in the present study was found to be 12.66% amongst the medical students of 6%, 10%, 22% belonged to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectivelyConclusions: The nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among medical students increases as their exposure to patient care increases. Medical students should be made aware of the risks of carrying S.aureus and MRSA and educated about the hand washing protocol and safety precautions to be followed while handling patients.
Nutritional status vis-a-vis iodine deficiency in children of "Save Our Soul"children’s village in rural Varanasi: a micro-level study
Authors: Majhi Madan M. , Mishra Chandra P. , Shankar Prem , Khanam Zoobi
Published: June 2017

Background: There is paucity of data with regard to the Iodine deficiency in an organized sector like SOS children’s village which is an independent, non-governmental, social development organization located in urban Varanasi. Uttar Pradesh is one of the endemic states for goiter. It is expected that similar situation of goiter may prevail in children as well. It is a matter of concern that micro nutrient deficiency and under-nutrition may exist side by side. The objectives of the study were to assess nutritional status and find out the extent of Iodine deficiency in the study subjects, to find out the association between under nutrition and Iodine deficiency and to find out the Iodine content of salt used for cooking in the family.Methods: 118 children of age group 6 to 15 years, from a Non-Governmental Organization (Save Our Soul) in Rural Varanasi constituted materials of the study. Consent from the director of the institution and assent from the individual children was taken prior to examination. All the subjects were examined clinically for the Presence of Goiter. They were subjected to weight and height recording following standard technique. Salt samples from the houses were tested by spot Iodine detection kit.Results: In case of 72.6% female and 91.3% male subjects, BMI for age was <100% of the respective reference values; in all 76.3% subjects belonged to this category. Presence of Goiter among male children was 34.7% and among female children it was 22.2% and overall it was 24.6%. Significant association was observed between nutritional status and iodine deficiency (p<0.05). In 37.5% of salt samples, iodine content was 7 ppm and rest 62.5% shows iodine content 15ppm.Conclusions: Nutritional status of the children under reference was far from being satisfactory. High prevalence of Goiter is matter of serious concern. Iodized salt consumption in the houses was up to the mark but Iodine content of the salt samples from houses was not satisfactory.
The descriptive study of anxiety levels among diabetics: insulin users versus non-insulin users
Authors: Maqsood Hamza , Shakeel Hassan Abdullah , Khan Ali Raza , Ali Basit , Shah Syed Asfand Yar
Published: June 2017

Background: Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of turmoil often accompanied by nervous behaviours such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints and rumination. Diabetes is the most metabolically active disease which can influence the psychological state. This study evaluates the anxiety levels among diabetics (Insulin users versus non-insulin users) along with its relation to certain demographic factors like age, sex, education, type of medication and medication compliance.Methods: Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to test the anxiety levels in 187 diabetic patients visiting the diabetic clinic and research centre, Nishtar Hospital, Multan and other diabetic clinics in the area. 97 (51.87%) patients of the total sample are males and 90 (48.12%) patients are females.Results: In this study, 170 (91%) had type 2 diabetes while 17 (9%) suffered from Type 1 Diabetes. 66.66% of the patients in the sample were insulin users while 34.34% were non-insulin users. The overall mean anxiety level in insulin users is 24.55 and in non-insulin users is 23.92.Conclusions: Our study showed a high prevalence of anxiety levels in insulin users as compared to non-insulin users. Certain symptoms like anxious mood, tension, fears, depressed mood, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms appeared with mild anxiety levels while other symptoms like insomnia, somatic symptoms, autonomic symptoms, respiratory and genitourinary symptoms appeared with high severity levels. The presence of risk factors for anxiety among patients of diabetes predicts a causal relationship and deserves attention from clinicians.
Clinical profile of patients with cardiac syndrome X in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: R. Bhavya , G. Suresh , K. Subramanyam
Published: June 2017

Background: Abnormalities in coronary microcirculation may lead to symptoms of chest pain which mimics angina. Symptoms of chest pain along with evidence of ischemia on non-invasive tests like electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography or treadmill test (TMT) but with normal coronary angiogram (CAG) is referred to as cardiac syndrome X (CSX). Previous studies have shown favourable prognosis in such patients. However recent studies have not shown good prognosis. We intend to understand whether such adverse cardiovascular outcomes could be secondary to any change in the clinical characteristics of patients with CSX in the current era.Methods: This is a retrospective study which was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. CAG of patients who underwent coronary angiography between November 2013 and October 2016, for suspected ischemic heart disease was reviewed. Clinical characteristics of patients with normal or non-obstructive coronaries (less than 50% stenosis) in angiography with chest pain were analyzed. Further clinical characteristics, ECG, echocardiography, treadmill test and CAG findings were compared among males and females.Results: 410 patients were included in the study. 212 were females and 198 were males. Mean age of presentation was 53.46±10.5 years for males and 55.04±9.3 years for females. Patients presenting with atypical chest pain were higher (70.7%). There were 195 subjects with systemic hypertension, 103 with diabetes mellitus and 57 had dyslipidemia. In the study, most 260 subjects had ST-T changes on ECG. Abnormal echocardiography was seen in only 35 patients. 30.5% patients showed positive stress test for inducible ischemia.Conclusions: CSX is prevalent in significant number of patients who present with symptoms of chest pain. Unlike previous studies, there is no significant difference among males and females, in prevalence and risk factors for this syndrome. Further non-obstructive lesions were found to be higher in females.
Socio-economic status scales updated for 2017
Authors: Singh Tulika , Sharma Sanju , Nagesh Seetharamaiya
Published: June 2017

The health status of any country depends on the socio-economic status (SES) and the per capita income of its citizens. The SES also decides the affordability and utilization of the health facilities. Constant changes in the price of goods in the country due to inflation make it mandatory to constantly update the income-based socioeconomic scales. This paper attempts to provide updates in Kuppuswamy, B.G. Prasad and udai pareek socioeconomic scales for 2017.
Bacteriological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rangaiah Sowmya Tumkur , Dudda Ravi , Prasad M. Hanumanth , Balaji Nagavara Kalegowda , B. Sumangala , Gudikote Madhuri Mruthyunjaya
Published: June 2017

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a disease affecting the middle ear and mastoid cavity, leading to considerable morbidity by causing hearing loss; and even life threatening complications in squamosal type of CSOM, if left untreated over long periods of time. Hence it is imperative to treat the persistent ear discharge in CSOM according to the antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms isolated.

Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional study done in 135 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media presenting with active ear discharge. Sterile swabs were used to collect pus from discharging ear and sent for culture sensitivity.  

Results: Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common organisms isolated in this study. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, followed by Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus was most sensitive to Linezolid followed by Cefoxitin and Erythromycin.

Conclusions: Treating active discharge of CSOM according to pus culture sensitivity pattern reduces the bacterial load in the middle ear and makes the ear more favourable for graft uptake.

 

Keywords: Chronic suppurative otitis media, Aerobic bacterial culture, Antibiotic susceptibility, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus
Listening skill progress in children with cochlear implants in the first three months after implantation
Authors: Nandurkar Aparna , C. G. Susmitha
Published: June 2017

Background: Development of auditory skills is triggered as soon as cochlear implantation is done. Very few studies have reported development of listening skills in cochlear implanted children in the immediate period following the implantation. The present study aims to profile the development of auditory skills in children with cochlear implants during the first three months following implantation.

Methods: The tool used is Listening Progress Profile (LiP) which was used to collect information about listening skills one week prior to cochlear implantation, within a week of switch on and once every two weeks till the end of three months after implantation.  Twelve children in the age range of one year to five years with congenital bilateral profound hearing loss, who were scheduled for unilateral cochlear implantation were included as participants.  

Results: Results indicate a statistically significant improvement in LiP scores at each test interval.  No significant difference was found in the listening skill progress for children implanted before and after three years of age. Younger male participants performed consistently better than older males and younger and older females.

Conclusions: LiP can be used as a major tool for assessing the development of listening skills in young children during the immediate post implantation period as it provides detailed information regarding the auditory performance towards a variety of stimuli.
Effect of myringotomy as an office procedure on the clinical course of acute otitis media: a retrospective study
Authors: Andrews Chakramakal Joseph , Rahul Raveendran Krishnan
Published: June 2017

Background: A retrospective study was conducted to find out the effect of office myringotomy on clinical course of acute otitis media (AOM).

Methods: Patients with signs and symptoms of AOM who underwent office myringotomy were included in the study. The clinical course such as pain, blocked sensation, relief of blocked feeling, hearing improvement, fever, discharge and residual perforation (5 and 14 days) were evaluated after the office myringotomy and compared.  

Results: Total 20 patients (10 females and 10 males of age between 5 to 30) were included in study. Among the total patients 12 were below <18 years age and remaining were above 18 years. The overall morbidity of these patients such as pain, blocked sensation and discharge was reduced after the office myringotomy. Furthermore, the residual perforation was absent during the end of 2nd week of post myringotomy. No discharge was found after the myringotomy.

Conclusions: Simple myringotomy with five day course of antibiotic provides more symptomatic relief. The overall morbidity was less after the procedure. This indicates the requirement of myringotomy as an outpatient procedure in suitable patients.
A prospective study of complications of tracheostomy and management in tertiary care hospital in rural area
Authors: Kawale Megha A. , Keche Prashant N. , Gawarle Surendra H. , Bhat Sneha V. , Buche Aniket
Published: June 2017

Background: The present study was carried out with an objective to study the various indications and prevalence of tracheostomy, appropriate time to perform it, and complications arising during and after the procedure and their modes of managements.

Methods: A prospective and interventional study was carried out in ENT department during the period from Aug 2012 to May 2014. Total 124 patients (both pediatric and adult) undergoing tracheostomies for various indications were studied. The details of all participants such as demographic data, indications of tracheostomy, intra and postoperative complications were recorded and management of complications (if any) was done.  

Results: The prevalence of tracheostomy was 0.253% for given study period and was performed more commonly in young adults (15-50 years). Males were more commonly subjected to tracheostomy as compared to females. Planned tracheostomies were more frequently performed, as most common indication of tracheostomy was assisted ventilation both in adult and children. The incidence of complications in intra and postoperative period was 29.81% (37 patients), the majority happening during the early postoperative period.

Conclusions: The study concluded that the tracheostomy was more commonly perform in young adults with higher prevalence among male subjects. The main indication for tracheostomy in adult and children was assisted ventilation whereas most common complications were subcutaneous emphysema and peristomal infections. Most of the complications were managed conservatively.
Study of clinical and demographic profile of patients diagnosed with secretory otitis media
Authors: Khilnani Ajeet Kumar , Prajapati Viral
Published: June 2017

Background:Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) is a common otological condition in children presenting most commonly with hearing loss. If untreated for long time, it can affect the language development of child. Its causes are multifactorial and treatment depends on the etiology. Various treatment modalities (medical and surgical) are available and they are administered in isolation or in combination. The objectives of the study were the present study was conducted with the objectives of knowing the most common age group affected by SOM, the common etiological factors of SOM and the outcome of various modalities of treatment of SOM.

Methods:This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital of North Gujarat. IEC approval and consent from the patients were taken. 40 patients diagnosed with SOM were included in the study and their clinical and demographic details and treatment outcomes were studied.  

Results:Of the 40 patients, 65% were males. SOM was common in young children. Most of the cases (55%) were below 10 years of age. In 80% of cases SOM was bilateral. Deafness was the most common symptom (95%) with which patients presented with, followed by URTI and pain. All patients had impaired tympanic membrane mobility. Retraction of tympanic membrane was the next common otoscopic finding (85%). Initial management was medical and 18 patients required surgical intervention.

Conclusions:SOM is a common ear disorder in children. Initial medical treatment has a definitive role and should be tried in all cases before surgical intervention is contemplated. A variety of surgical procedures are available which can be used depending on the indication. Complete recovery is expected to occur in most of the cases by a period of 3-6 months.
Granular cell tumor that originated in a posterior ethmoid sinus
Authors: Kim Myung Woo , Chang Sun Hee , Choi Ick Soo
Published: June 2017

A granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare neoplasm. It grows slowly, presumably originates from a Schwann cell, and is typically benign. Histopathologically, GCTs are composed of loosely infiltrating sheets of large, pale, polyhedral cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and a pale, centrally situated nucleus. Immunohistochemically, GCTs express the S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase. A GCT can occur anywhere in the body. Half of all GCTs occur in the head and neck regions, especially on the tongue, but they are rarely found in the nasal cavity. A GCT usually arises as a solitary tumor and can be confirmed only by a histologic examination. The appropriate treatment is excision of the lesion. Here, we present a rare case of a GCT originating in the right posterior ethmoid sinus in the nasal cavity. A GCT originating in a posterior ethmoid sinus has not been reported thus far. In our case, a simple nasal polyp was found in the left ethmoid sinus of the patient. Thus, we initially misjudged the GCT in the right nasal cavity as a simple nasal polyp.
A case report on localised laryngeal amyloidosis
Authors: Agius Marija , Grima Tara , Cvorovic Maja , Babic Darko , Borg Charles
Published: June 2017

Amyloidosis is a rare disease which involves deposition of amyloid in the tissues. Very rarely, amyloid can be deposited in a single organ giving rise to localised amyloidosis. In the present study, a rare case of localised amyloid deposition in the larynx in a young patient was presented. It is a slow progressive disease and often diagnosed late and is confirmed by biopsy results.
Rare case of chronic suppurative otitis media with gradenigo syndrome
Authors: . Shiffali , . Priyanka , Sandhu Kulwinder Singh , Singh Jagdeepak
Published: June 2017

We report a case of sixth nerve palsy as a rare complication of acute otitis media (apical petrositis). The clinical triad of symptoms consisting of retro-orbital unilateral pain related to trigeminal nerve involvement, diplopia due to sixth nerve palsy and persistent otorrhea is known as Gradenigo syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics along with modified radical mastoidectomy and had complete resolution of his symptoms.
Osteomyelitis of maxilla - a rare presentation: case report and review of literature
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Singh Inderdeep , Goyal Sunil , Kumar Manoj , Singh Anubhav , Dwivedi Gunjan
Published: June 2017

Osteomyelitis involving the maxillofacial skeleton is a rare entity today. In maxillofacial region mandible is more commonly involved as compared to maxilla. It continues to remain one of the most difficult to treat infections with considerable morbidity and costs to the healthcare system. Hallmark of osteomyelitis are progressive bony destruction and formation of sequestrum. When present, the possibility of underlying malignancy or granulomatous diseases should be kept in mind and ruled out. We present a rare case of osteomyelitis involving the maxilla in a 64 year old male diabetic. The patient was managed with sequestrectomy and debridement by infrastructure maxillectomy via a midfacial degloving approach, appropriate parentral antibiotic therapy and glycemic control. The patient had an uneventful recovery. 
 
Liquid biopsy, an innovation of modern medicine
Authors: Gujree Mudhasir Ahmad , Singh Randeep
Published: June 2017

Biopsies have been the best tool in the hands of the clinicians for the appropriate management of malignancies including diagnosis, prognosis and reassessment. They are and have been the gold standard in their diagnosis. Due to certain unavoidable limitations of needle biopsy, there is emergence of a new biomarker in oncology called LIQUID BIOPSY: Analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTC) and circulating free tumor DNA (ctDNA) from the peripheral blood. As this technology evolves it may prove to be a critical component of personalized medicine in this modern era of diagnostics. Liquid biopsy has a great potential in cancer diagnosis, monitoring and predicting survival. Nevertheless false positive results exist. The major challenge with this technology is assay sensitivity and specificity. This mini-review tries to fill the gap between reality and our hope of this “liquid biopsy”.
The emerging role of CRISPR-Cas9 in molecular oncology
Authors: Vaishnav Radhika A.
Published: June 2017

It is not uncommon to be curious about the recent hype surrounding the new gene editing player, Cas9, which recognizes and holds into place DNA segments known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Together, they are known as CRISPR-Cas9 or simply “CRISPR” for brevity. The binding of Cas9 causes the CRISPR sequences to become available for editing.
Oncology Gold Standard™ consensus statement on counseling patients for molecular testing and personalized cancer care
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Hingmire S. S. , Bhavesh P. , Govind K. Babu , Mehta P. , Verma A. , Bondarde S. , Singh R. , Ghadyalpatil N. , Rangrajan B. , Bhattacharya G. S. , Malhotra H. , Doval D. C. , Ranade A. A. , Shah P. M.
Published: June 2017

Advances in molecular oncology technology and their application to personalized cancer care have evolved very rapidly over the past 5 years. At the same time, there are a lot of conflicting and often misleading statements available on the world wide web. This results in confusion and misunderstanding among cancer patients and their well-wishers. We realized that there was an urgent need for developing a consensus document to address this unmet need. Oncology Gold Standard and Molecular Oncology Society, therefore, took up the challenge and formed an expert group that together prepared this consensus statement on counseling patients for molecular testing and personalized cancer care. This is intended to benefit patients, family and friends by improving their broad understanding and equip them to make an informed decision and take active participation in decision-making for their own cancer management - with respect to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cancer.
To study the immunohistochemical profile of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses
Authors: Mukherjee Tanushri , Roy Ravi , Mukherjee Soma , Dutta Rajat
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Sinonasal and nasopharyngeal tract masses can be difficult to diagnose as they have unusual diverse morphology and histopathology with anatomic and embryonic distinction and immunohistochemistry (ICH) becomes mandatory for diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: A retrospective observational study of 5 years from 2011 to 2016 till date was conducted at a tertiary care center. Total analyses of 200 cases were done to study the clinical presentation and histomorphology of all sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses with gender and age distribution and highlightling the entities with rare clinicopathological and histological presentation and study of ICH in these lesions. Results: Out of total 200 cases, 148 (74%) were inflammatory or infective non-tumorous masses and 52 (26%) were neoplastic, out of which 27 (13.5%) were benign and 25 (12.5%), were proven to be of malignant etiology. In benign neoplastic category, unusual entities were juvenile angiofibroma, meningioma, and hemangioma. Among the cases with atypical clinicopathological presentation and unusual entities which required ICH for diagnosis were chordoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, sinonasal adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Conclusion: Sinonasal and nasopharyngeal masses are having diverse clinical presentations at different sites having unusual clinical presentation and varied histopathology and the unusual varieties also occur which rare to these locations and should be promptly diagnosed with ICH for early, accurate and optimal treatment.
The expression of RUNX3 gene in renal cell cancer and its clinical relevance with serum vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Parmar Kalpesh Mahesh , Singla Mamta , Mandal Arup Kumar , Bhattacharya Shalmoli , Singh Sharwan Kumar
Published: June 2017

Background: Latest advances indicate that RUNX3 is a candidate tumor suppressor in several types of human cancers, including renal cell cancer.
However, its definitive role is not yet established. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been widely studied as a surrogate marker of
angiogenic activity and prognostic marker in renal cancer for monitoring treatment response and detection of early relapse. The aim of the study was
to examine the clinical significance of RUNX3 expression and serum VEFG in series of renal cancer patients using quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction and standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and find its correlation with renal cancer stage, grade, and histopathology.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed our prospectively collected renal cancer database of 47 patients. All patients were evaluated preoperatively
and staged and underwent partial or radical nephrectomy as per the feasibility criteria. RUNX 3 expression in tumor tissue and adjoining parenchyma
was sampled in all patients, and serum levels of VEGF were measured in pre-and post-operative period on day 7 and day 30 after surgery. 10
age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as control group. Results: We observed that RUNX3 gene expression was significantly lower in
tumor tissue than in normal renal parenchyma of a renal cancer patient. The serum VEGF levels were significantly increased in patients with renal
cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to normal healthy volunteers and showed decreasing trend after the surgery. Loss of RUNX3 gene expression
and higher VEGF levels strongly correlated with high-grade tumors; however, it was not related to tumor size and histopathology. There was no
correlation of RUNX 3 with VEGF levels in RCC patients. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that renal cancer patients had increased
VEGF levels which were effectively alleviated by curative resection. Lower expression of RUNX3 in renal cancer suggests its tumor suppressive
role and new insights into targeted therapies linking RUNX3 gene may have some diagnostic and therapeutic implications in RCC patients. We did
not find any correlation between RUNX3 gene and serum VEGF.
Relevance of Ethics Program Components in Slovakia
Authors: Remišová Anna , Lašáková Anna , Kirchmayer Zuzana
Published: June 2017

The aim of the article is to examine to what extent can the different formal components of an ethics program of the organization influence ethical thinking of managers. As the main source of information, an extensive empirical research was carried out on a sample of 810 managers working in the Slovak business environment. The authors studied eleven formal elements of the ethics program and found out that all positively referred to the ethical thinking of managers. Thus organizations, in which formal elements of an ethics program are applied, have a greater ability to influence the ethical thinking of managers than organizations, which avoid the respective ethical mechanisms.
Evidence of a Phonological Similarity Effect After Rehearsal Training in Adolescents With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Clerc Jérôme , Courbois Yannick
Published: June 2017

A phonological similarity effect (PSE) in adolescents with an intellectual disability (ID) has previously been shown with auditory stimuli, but studies using visual stimuli are scarce. In the case of visually presented items, PSE requires verbal recoding before it appears. Using visual items, we trained 15 participants with ID to use rehearsal strategies. Another group of 13 participants took part in nonstrategic training. In both groups, PSE was tested before and after training. Participants in the strategy-training group, who showed no PSE at pretest, began to show such an effect during the training stage and maintained it until posttest as was observed through microgenetic analysis. Participants with ID showing no PSE with visual material can thus be trained to show this effect through extensive use of cumulative rehearsal. Such training would lead them to recode items verbally, which in turn would make phonological similarities more salient and lead to a PSE.
Mediated Learning Experience: Questions to Enhance Cognitive Development of Young Children
Authors: Leng Chua Bee , Tan Oon-Seng , Sock Wah Chng Paulina
Published: June 2017

Mediated learning experience (MLE) stresses that the quality of interaction between the child and the environment via a human mediator plays a pivotal role in the cognitive development of the individual. Feuerstein’s theory of structural cognitive modifiability posited that humans have the propensity to change the structure of their cognitive functioning. Therefore, teachers and practitioners can intervene early during early childhood to potentially enhance cognition functions of young children, which will prepare them for successful adaptation to the rapidly changing environment. This article rides on the theoretical underpinnings of Feuerstein’s theory of MLE to elaborate appropriate use of questions to enhance cognitive development during early childhood. Essentially, appropriate conditions foster the mediation of intentionality and reciprocity, meaning, and transcendence, the three parameters necessary for mediated interaction to take place and questions are used to mediate the parameters as we scaffold through teacher–student interactions.
Cultivation of micro-algae for Production of Biodiesel: An optimized Process
Authors: Demissie Abebe Girma , Chinthapalli Bhaskarrao , Tenaw Shumet , Chitra D. S. Vijaya
Published: June 2017

Microalgae are considered as one of the potential source of biodiesel for the future. The search to obtain the potential strains from the algal diversity capable of producing oil is critical for sustainable production of biodiesel. In the present study, microalgae biomass with oil/lipid accumulation capability and their morphological features was isolated from Lake Abaya and Chamo. The algal biomass was cultivated in vitro and media optimization for maximum biomass was done using different basal media, BG-11 medium, and Chu -10. In addition the various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH and temperature were considered in this study for optimization. Green algae Oedogonium, Chlorella and Cladophora species were observed to be dominant species and the maximum oil per dry algal biomass was found to be from Oedogonium sp. Thus from the present study for the cultivation of the selected algae, BG-11 medium supplemented with tryptone (0.2%) sucrose (2%) and pH- 6 with incubation temperature of 300C was found to be suitable.  These results suggest that Oedogonium sp. has several desirable features that make it a potential candidate for biodiesel production.
Protein difference among the leaf explants determined for shoot regeneration and callus growth in Mulberry (Morus indica L.)
Authors: Chitra D.S. Vijaya , Chinthapalli Bhaskarrao , Padmaja G.
Published: June 2017

A comparison of protein profiles of leaves during different stages of shoot and callus induction showed similarities as well as differences in the expression of proteins.  A protein of 39 kDa was expressed in low levels in leaf explants and increased in intensity during induction of shoot organogenesis in both the cultivars. Analysis of protein patterns during organogenesis and callus proliferation from leaves by two dimensional gel analysis revealed the separation of 39 kDa protein into four spots during organogenesis with pI values ranging from 4.2-5.8.  However, the isoforms of 39 kDa protein with pI values of 4.2 and 5.8 were highly expressed in callus of M-5 cultivar in contrast to S-36 cultivar where only one isoform with pI value of 4.2 was detectable. The analysis of protein synthesis in different stages of development in the cultures may acts as markers to differentiate the group of specific isoforms.
Under-Funding Tertiary Education in Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable National Development
Authors: Onuma Nwite
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of government underfunding of tertiary education for sustainable national development in Nigeria. Three research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a secondary data from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) entitled “Value of Educational Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Capital Government Expenditure and Recurrent Government Expenditure in Nigeria, 1990-2013”. The period under-review was chosen for the purpose of comparing funding of education in selected World Bank sampled countries. The researcher adopted Ex-post Facto research design to evaluate government budgetary allocation to education and value of educational growth between 1990 to 2013. Correlation Martric and Square Regression (r2) and t-ratio statistics were used to analyze data collected. The findings showed that the value of educational growth, Gross Domestic Product, Current Government Expenditure and Regression Government Expenditure maintained increased trend and there was a positive relationship with a low productive value on education budget. This showed that expenditure on tertiary education is still below other countries under-review and below UNESCO recommended of 26% of total annual budgetary allocation. This has affected education development and programs of tertiary education in Nigeria. There is need for improved budgetary allocation to education in Nigeria to match other developing countries of Africa for greater attention to tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study recommends that educational administrators and management of tertiary institutions in Nigeria should mount pressure on the political class to address the state of under-funding of education by government and implement UNESCO recommended 26% of annual budgetary allocation for suitable educational development.    
The Effect of Different Feedback on Writing Quality of College Students with Different Cognitive Styles
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: June 2017

Feedback provision in the process of writing has been believed that it is beneficial. However, different strategies of providing feedback may affect differently on writing quality of students. This study aimed at investigating the effect of different feedback provision on the writing quality of students having different cognitive styles. By conducting an experimental through a factorial research design, fifty-five of the fourth semester English students of STAIN Kediri were involved in this study. For analyzing the data, a two-way ANOVA was employed. The findings revealed that the effect of different feedback on writing quality of the students does not depend on the students’ cognitive styles. The result of the main effect analysis revealed that there was no significant difference on writing quality of students getting direct corrective feedback and those getting indirect corrective feedback.
Nivo olova u krvi kod dece koja žive u blizini fabrike za reciklažu akumulatora u Zajači
Authors: Mandić-Rajčević Stefan , Lepić Milan , Jovanović Mića , Bulat Petar
Published: June 2017

Olovo je toksični teški metal čija je široka upotreba dovela do zagađenja u životnoj sredini i zdravstvenih problema. Deca su posebno ugrožena, s obzirom da je olovo najveći efekat ima tokom njihovog razvoja, a moguća je kumulativna izloženost iz različitih izvora. Nivoi preko 70 mikrograma po decilitru krvi mogu dovesti do encefalopatije i smrti deteta. Niži nivoi dovode do smanjene kognitivne sposobnosti i promena u ponašanju. Cilj ove studije bio je utvrđivanje nivoa olova u krvi kod dece koja žive u blizini fabrike za reciklažu akumulatora u Zajači, i upoređivanje ovih vrednosti sa limitima koje već nekoliko decenija propisuje Centar za kontrolu bolesti u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Studija je izvedena u decembru 2011. godine u Zajači. Deca i roditelji su ispunili upitnik u vezi sa mestom stanovanja, zanimanjem roditelja, udaljenošću od fabrike, kao i različitim simptomima koji su se javljali kod dece. Od svakog deteta je uzet uzorak krvi u kom je meren nivo olova. U studiji je učestvovalo 75 dece iz Zajače. Prosečna udaljenost od fabrike za reciklažu bila je 300 metara. Samo 13% dece iz Zajače imalo je nivo olova u krvi niži od limita Centra za kontrolu bolesti od 10 mikrograma po decilitru krvi iz 1991. godine, dok je samo jedno dete imalo nivo niži od limita od 5 mikrograma po decilitru krvi iz 2012. godine. Čak 26 dece (34%) imalo je nivo od preko 20 mikrograma olova u decilitru krvi. Visoki nivoi olova u krvi negativno utiču na kognitivnu sposobnost dece, što se najčešće meri standardizovanim IQ testom. To utiče na uspeh u školi, postignuti nivo obrazovanja, a samim tim u uspeh na tržištu rada, te je negativno povezan sa potencijalnim prihodima i standardom kasnije u životu.
Uklanjanje arsena iz vodenih rastvora primenom modifikovanog otpadnog PET-a
Authors: Karanac Milica , Rusmirović Jelena , Veličković Zlate , Stevanović Dimitrije , Kovačević Tihomir , Marinković Aleksandar
Published: June 2017

Prisustvo As(V) u životnoj sredini ima negativan efekat na zdravlje ljudi. Uklanjanje arsena adsorpcijom je često korišćena tehnika. Povećana upotreba poli(etilen tereftalata) (PET-a) uslovila je povećanu količinu nastalog otpada. Novija istraživanja usmerena su ka ispitivanju mogućnosti upot-rebe otpadnih materijala kao adsorbenta. Cilj ovog rada je uklanjanje As(V) jona otpadnim PET-om modifikovanim primenom hibridnog materijala getit/α-MnO2. U ovom radu predstavljeni su rezultati adsorpcionih izotermi i termodinamički parametri. Maksimalni adsorpcioni kapacitet dobijen je upotrebom Lengmirovog modela − 16,21 mg g-1. Adsorpcija As(V) jona na modifikovanom PET-u je spontan, egzoterman proces.
Moderan pristup organskoj sintezi upotrebom mikroreaktorskih sistema
Authors: Tadić Julijana , Dajić Ana , Matović Luka , Jovanović Jovan , Mihajlović Marina , Mijin Dušan , Jovanović Mića
Published: June 2017

Mikroreaktori poseduju brojne prednosti u odnosu na konvencionalne šaržne reaktore koji se koriste u hemijskoj industriji. Kontinualni režim rada, veliki odnos površine i zapremine, smanjena potrošnja polaznih materijala, poboljšana produktivnost, energetska efikasnost, čistija proizvodnja kao i jednostavan scale-up samo su neke od prednosti mikroreaktorskih sistema. U okviru rada ispitivana je sinteza 3-cijano-4,6-dimetil-2-piridona u mikroreaktoru, a dobijeni rezultati upoređeni su sa rezultatima iz šaržnog sistema. Proizvod sintetisan u mikroreaktorskom sistemu dobijen je u visokom prinosu i stepenu čistoće. U cilju ostvarenja što većeg prinosa, varirani su molski odnosi polaznih jedinjenja, kao i vreme zadržavanja u mikroreaktoru. Sintetisani piridon okarakterisan je temperaturama topljenja, UV-Vis, FT-IR i NMR podacima.
Procesibilnost livenih kompozitnih eksploziva
Authors: Simić Danica , Dimić Mirjana , Fidanovski Bojana , Anđelić Uroš
Published: June 2017

Tehnologija izrade livenih kompozitnih PBX eksploziva (Plastic Bonded eXplosive), i procesibilnost, ili preradivost, ovih eksplozivnih smeša, može se sagledati sa više aspekata. U ovom radu sagledan je uticaj sastava, kompatibilnosti komponenata i veličine čestica komponenata na sledeće pokazatelje preradivosti i kvaliteta proizvoda: viskoznost smeše, gustinu i poroznost dobijenih ek-sploziva, kao i na brzinu detonacije kao jedan od najvažnijih parametara efikasnosti eksploziva. Tehnologijom livenja izrađeni su eksperimentalni sastavi sa različitim udelom komponenata: oktogena, amonijumperhlorata, metalnog goriva u prahu (aluminijuma, magnezijuma, bora) i hidroksiter-miniranog polibutadienskog veziva. Kompatibilnost komponenata ispitana je metodom mikrokalorimetrije na uređaju LKB BioMonitor microcalorimeter. Kako pakovanje čestica ima direktan uticaj na gustinu, odnosno poroznost finalnog eksplozivnog punjenja, granulometrijska analiza praškastih komponenata izvršena je koristeći set sita i na Fišerovom podsitovnom analizatoru. Gustine su određene na uzorcima uzetim iz različitih segmenata eksplozivnih punjenja, prema metodi MIL 286C, a potom su određene i poroznosti. Neophodno je da PBX smeša u dovoljno dugom vremenu ima pogodnu livljivost (“pot life”), odnosno da postoji zadovoljavajuća vremenska zavisnost viskoziteta. Ispitano je kako se s vremenom menja viskozitet neumrežene smeše analiziranih sastava, koristeći viskozimetar Brookfield RVT. Brzine detonacije su određene primenom elektrokontaktnih sondi i elektronskog brojača Pendulum CNT-91.