bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying strawberry Whirly family transcription factors and their expressions in response to crown rot
Authors: HU Yuyang , SHU Bo
Published: June 2021

Crown rot is one of the most destructive diseases of cultivated strawberry. The correlation between Whirly family transcription factors, the one class of known resistance genes, and strawberry crown rot resistance has not been studied. In this study, the Whirlys of Fragaria × ananassa, F. iinumae, F. vesca, F. viridis and F. nilgerrensis were characterized by searching the strawberry genome database and analyzing the presence of Whirly domains. Five FaWHYs, two FiWHYs, three FnWHYs, two FviWHYs and four FvWHYs were identified from their respective genome. Two gene clusters with segmental duplications were obtained from the gene cluster analysis with two and three FaWHYs, and three FaWHYs showed syntenic relationships with AtWHYs of Arabidopsis thaliana. FiWHY1, FvWHY2 and FviWHY1 showed syntenic relationships with FaWHY1 and FaWHY2. At the same time, FiWHY2, FvWHY3, FviWHY2 and FnWHY3 exhibited similar syntenic relationships with FaWHY4 and FaWHY5. In addition, FnWHY1 and FnWHY2 corresponded to both FaWHY1 and FaWHY2. Gene expression analysis revealed that five FaWHYs were expressed in crowns, and the regulation of FaWHYs was always consistent with the cis-elements in their promoters. All of them were downregulated by crown rot infected. Together, these results provided a basis for further functional studies of the FaWHYs proteins and their responses to crown rot.
A proposal for modifying coppicing geometry in order to reduce soil erosion in the forest areas
Authors: SCHIRONE Bartolomeo , SALVANESCHI Pietro , CIANFAGLIONE Kevin , PECCI Massimo , ANDRISANO Teodoro , VESSELLA Federico , PETROSELLI Andrea
Published: June 2021

A key factor to reduce soil erosion and soil instability is the conservation of forest areas. In the last years, in all Europe, forest logging has increased. The Italian situation is paradigmatic because more than 70% of the broadleaved forests are managed as coppices and new exploitations concerning biomass for energy production have tripled since 2001. The common coppicing method leaves standards uniformly distributed on the ground, but this geometry has proven to not play an effective role in soil erosion control. In this paper, we propose a different method for coppicing geometry, aimed to decrease the soil erosion risk. In particular, the theoretical framework of the model is presented here, employing the USLE framework and discussing a real case study, while the results of the experimental tests, which are in progress, will be discussed in future papers. The theoretical results seem to demonstrate the method’s validity, which is expected to reduce soil erosion amount in the range 29-42%.
Telemedicine use among neurologists before and during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aquino Emanuelle Roberta da Silva , Domingues Renan Barros , Mantese Carlos Eduardo , Fantini Francisca Goreth Malheiro Moraes , Nitrini Ricardo , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Background: After the public health emergency due to COVID-19 was declared in Brazil, the federal government temporarily regulated and authorized the use of telemedicine services for patient consultation, monitoring, and diagnosis. For more than a decade, neurologists have recognized the benefits of telemedicine in the acute management of stroke patients. However, as the use of telemedicine was restricted until the COVID-19 pandemic, the view of Brazilian neurologists about telemedicine is unknown. Methods: All neurologists registered at the Brazilian Academy of Neurology were invited by e-mail to participate in a survey about personal perceptions on telemedicine use. Results: One hundred sixty-two neurologists from all regions of Brazil answered the online questionnaire. The survey showed that 18.5% of participants worked with telemedicine before the pandemic, while 63.6% reported working with telemedicine during the pandemic. The main telemedicine modalities used during the pandemic were teleorientation and teleconsultation. Discussion: According to our data, the COVID-19 pandemic deeply influenced the behavior of Brazilian neurologists, who developed a more favorable view about telemedicine and actively searched for information about telemedicine. As there is a need for more training in this area in Brazil, universities and medical societies must strive to improve telemedicine education. Expanding the use of high-quality teleneurology can contribute to a better care for patients with neurological diseases in Brazil.
A matter of quality: Kurt Goldstein‘s assessment of the abstract attitude after brain damage
Authors: Frisch Stefan , Métraux Alexandre
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Neurologist and psychiatrist Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965) made substantial contributions to neuropsychology in general and to the development of tests for the assessment of brain damage sequelae in particular. Unlike present-day neuropsychology’s psychometric orientation, Goldstein kept a critical distance to a mere quantitative evaluation. Eighty years ago, he impressively demonstrated his own, qualitatively oriented diagnostic approach both in a remarkable monograph and in a didactic film, in collaboration with psychologist Martin Scheerer (1900-1961). By modifying a classical paradigm for the assessment of deficits in visuospatial construction, the Block Design Test, the two authors developed the Goldstein-Scheerer Cube Test. This version characterizes itself by offering the patient different types of cues in order to reveal the nature of the deficit at stake. The test remains an impressive illustration of Goldstein’s most famous neuropsychological concept, viz. the human ability to abstract from a concrete situation: the abstract (or categorial) attitude.
The Quest for Gold: Monetary Debates in Nineteenth-century Brazil
Authors: VILLELA ANDRÉ
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT The paper examines some aspects of the monetary controversies which took place in several countries during the nineteenth century. In Brazil advocates of the gold standard and monetary restraint, known as metalistas, prevailed over papelistas, whose major desire was monetary expansion and credit creation. It will be argued that previous treatments of monetary debates in nineteenth-century Brazil have overlooked a crucial point, namely, the defence (or otherwise) of convertibility of the mil-réis. This has led to erroneous interpretations of the ideology underlying monetary management in the period.
Decisões Estratégicas e “Overlapping Consensus” na América Latina
Authors: BRESSER-PEREIRA LUIZ CARLOS
Published: June 2021

RESUMO O artigo, em primeiro lugar, resume o estruturalismo latino-americano e apresenta razões pelas quais foi tão influente e durável na região, atendendo a demandas reais, e fazia parte da principal economia da década de 1950. Segundo, diz por que, com a Grande Crise dos anos 80, o estruturalismo acabou se transformando em crise, pois não conseguiu acompanhar o ritmo de novos fatos históricos, particularmente com a revolução ou a decolagem industrial, que tornaram as economias latino-americanas intermediárias, ainda em desenvolvimento, mas totalmente capitalista. Terceiro, lista o quase-consenso ou consenso sobreposto que existe hoje sobre o desenvolvimento econômico. Quarto, opõe a “ortodoxia oficial” ao “populismo desenvolvimentista”, o primeiro derivado da economia neoclássica, o segundo ao estruturalismo e oferece, em relação a seis questões estratégicas, uma alternativa de desenvolvimento.
The Economics of the “Third Way”
Authors: ARESTIS PHILIP , SAWYER MALCOLM
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to outline the type of economic analysis which we perceive to be involved in the ideas on the ‘third way’. In the UK, the emergence and then election of “new Labour” has been closely associated with the development of the notion of the “third way”. We sketch out what we see as the analysis of a market economy which underpins the ideas of the “third way”, which is followed by some remarks on the role of the State which is also involved. We seek to illustrate our analysis by reference to the policy statements of the new Labour government in the UK.
Hybridism as a national policy style: paths and dilemmas of the majoritarian and consensus approaches in Brazil
Authors: Grin Eduardo José , Abrucio Fernando Luiz
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study reviews the literature on politics and public policies in Brazil arguing that the dominant national policy style may be characterized as hybrid, since it combines majoritarian and consociational traits. This public policy style was mainly hegemonic between the two presidential impeachment processes (1992-2015). This arrangement has two main characteristics: presidential dominance over Congress, albeit also marked by broad negotiation with this branch and greater federative cooperation led by the Union, alongside with subnational entities, and the implementation of social participation arenas. There are dilemmas and problems in this institutional hybridity, but it has been difficult to evade this combination when trying to maintain minimum standards of political governance and public policies. It is concluded that incremental improvements are more effective than the complete modification of the model.
Organização de novos partidos políticos: entre estratégias de cooptação e contestação
Authors: Rocha Décio Vieira da
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este artigo busca demonstrar, por meio de análise do caso brasileiro, como a estratégia de formação dos novos partidos determina sua capacidade de sobrevivência na competição e de seu nível de desempenho eleitoral ao longo do tempo. Com dados originais, evidenciamos dois tipos de estratégias utilizadas pelos partidos: (i) cooptação das elites políticas de partidos grandes; e (ii) criação de um partido com nomes novos dentro do sistema político. Introduzimos uma inovação ao debate indicando que as estratégias partidárias no momento de formação têm tido um peso relevante para explicar seu sucesso de formação e nível competitivo. Utilizamos dados biográficos dos (as) parlamentares na Câmara dos Deputados e dados eleitorais para dar conta de explicar as diferenças no tipo de estratégias de formação e no sucesso desses novos partidos. Com isso, contribuímos para preencher uma lacuna no estudo sobre novos partidos no Brasil, fenômeno tão conhecido, mas pouco estudado.
Os papéis das instituições participativas na estruturação das políticas públicas no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Carla , Martelli Carla Giani , Coelho Rony
Published: June 2021

Resumo: A partir de uma abordagem que enfatiza a mútua constituição entre capacidades político-relacionais e técnico-administrativas, o objetivo deste artigo é qualificar o papel que as Instituições Participativas (IPs) assumiram na estruturação e na trajetória das políticas públicas no Brasil. Com base em seis áreas de políticas, sugerimos a seguinte tipologia para compreender a variação que as IPs tiveram na institucionalização das políticas: papel reformador, fundante ou episódico/contingencial. Argumentamos que a ação combinada de três fatores - capacidades técnico-administrativas pré-existentes, oportunidades políticas e dinamismo e configuração das comunidades de políticas - ajuda a compreender a variação.
O Itamaraty e o Movimento Negro: interesses, ideias e práticas nas relações Brasil-África
Authors: Amorim Camille , Silva André Luiz Reis da
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho busca analisar as contribuições do Movimento Negro brasileiro para a formulação da política externa brasileira para o continente africano, durante as Presidências de Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff (2003-2016). Para isso, são avaliadas as relações do Movimento com o ator operacional da política externa, o Itamaraty, através de uma abordagem interpretativista. Faz-se isso através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, seguida de análise qualitativa de conteúdo de uma série de comunicação diplomática disponível em domínio público até 2018, no Arquivo Central do Itamaraty. Aponta-se que a participação do Movimento Negro nas arenas decisórias foi fundamental para ressignificar as relações entre o Brasil e o continente, fomentando, além de uma ressignificação identitária, a criação de uma imagem de liderança positiva, reforçada por ações domésticas de promoção da igualdade racial e engajamento nas discussões internacionais sobre racismo.
Ex-vivo repair for multiple and intraparenchymal renal artery aneurysms
Authors: Jain Prashant , Naik Anil L , Ansari Azharuddin , Kaman Lileshwar , Tandup Cherring , Gorsi Ujjwal , Savlania Ajay
Published: June 2021

Abstract A 45-year-old woman with known hypothyroidism and no other comorbidities was incidentally found to have multiple right renal artery aneurysms. The largest aneurysm measured 5 x 4.5 cm and arose from an inferior segmental branch while two smaller aneurysms arose from an upper segmental branch of the right renal artery. We performed an ex-vivo repair with reverse saphenous vein graft under cold preservation followed by orthotopic kidney auto-transplantation. Her postoperative course was unremarkable and at 1-year follow-up her right kidney is preserved. In this article, we report successful treatment of complex multiple right renal artery aneurysms and describe the surgical technique used for successful repair.
Value added by intellectual capital: a study from the brazilian B3´s ISE portfolio – Corporate Sustainability Index
Authors: Rezende José Francisco de Carvalho , Silva Mônica Pereira da
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The study aimed at discussing the Value Creation based on the VAIC™ method and as a research field the companies that are part of the B3 (BM&FBOVESPA) Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) portfolio. As a first approach, we selected the year 2016 after ten years of ISE history. The VAIC™ components were recovered and computed from the International Financial Reporting Standards ended in December 31, 2015. The hypotheses allowed to affirm the following: (i) there is interdependence among Invested Financial Capital, Intellectual Capital, and Value Creation; (ii) there are dimensions of Value Creation capable of differentiating and clustering the observations; and (iii) the allocative efficiency of companies can vary according to clusters. The main limitation is the size of the population/final sample — 29 corporations. The implications refer to the reinforcement of the theoretical existence of Value Creation based simultaneously on tangible and intangible assets and the possibility to categorize companies to broaden the understanding of the bases for appreciation of the value and pricing of assets traded on the stock exchange platforms.
Reference evapotranspiration estimation by different methods for the sucroenergy sector of Colombia
Authors: Mendoza C. Christian J. , Peña Q. Andrés J.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT In the Colombian Sugarcane Research Center CENICAÑA, efficient use of water is always performed based on estimating reference evapotranspiration. In this method, class A pans have been used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration, which provides a more precise estimate of this important variable for water resource management. The objective of this study was to evaluate different reference evapotranspiration methods for the region of influence of the climatological station of the CENICAÑA experimental station. The class A pan method traditionally used in CENICAÑA was compared with and the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 standard method. The historical series used was from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2014. The climatic variables were the maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures, the mean relative air humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed at 10 m. Willmott’s coefficients, the confidence index (c), and the root mean squared error were used in the performance evaluation. In the comparison with the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method, all methods presented performance below the minimum requirement of (c) = 0.400. When all methods were compared with the method used in CENICAÑA (Class A pan), only the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method showed performance classified as good (c = 0.689).
Correlation and path coefficient analyses of phenological traits, yield components and quality traits in wheat
Authors: Semnaninejad Hamideh , Nourmohammadi Ghorban , Rameeh Valiollah , Cherati Ali
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to characterize the phenological traits, yield components and quality traits affecting wheat grain yield. Three wheat genotypes were evaluated during three planting dates (November 20, December 5, and December 20) and at four seeding densities 300, 350, 400 and 450 seeds per m2 for two years. Multivariate analyses were conducted based on the interaction effects of planting date and seeding density (PS), planting date and genotype (PG) and seeding density and genotype (SG) mean values. The results of correlation analysis showed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with biomass yield (0.91**), days to spiking (0.81**), days to anthesis (0.83**), and days to maturity (0.57*) for PS; with biomass yield (0.94**), days to spiking (0.87**), days to anthesis (0.75*), and harvest index (0.83**) for PG; with gluten index (0.73**), harvest index (0.68*), and 1000-grain weight for SG. Path analysis revealed that biomass yield for PS and PG, harvest index for PG and SG, and gluten index for SG exhibited the highest positive direct effect. Stepwise regression analysis also revealed important effect of biomass yield, harvest index, and days to maturity for improving grain yield in different agronomical conditions.
Actual evapotranspiration and response factors of the cowpea in Amazonian edaphoclimatic conditions
Authors: Moura Vandeilson B. , Farias Vivian D. da S. , Nunes Hildo G. G. C. , Sousa Denis de P. , Ferreira Denilson P. , Souza Paulo J. de O. P. de
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Due to the sensitivity of the cowpea to water deficit during the dry season in the Amazonian environment, there is a need for studies related to water management and the optimization of annual yield. Thus, the objective was to estimate the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the actual evapotranspiration (ETr), whilst also evaluating the effect of different irrigation depths on the yield response factor (Ky) and dry biomass (Kss) of the cowpea cultivar BR3-Tracuateua under edaphoclimatic conditions in the Amazon region. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, with six replicates and four treatments: T1 (100% ETc), T2 (50% ETc), T3 (25% ETc), and T4 (0% ETc), commencing in the reproductive phase with a drip irrigation system. The total evapotranspiration recorded for the cowpea cultivar BR3-Tracuateua across the four treatments was 337.5, 284.35, 258.62, and 219.82 mm with an average consumption of 4.6, 3.90, 3.54, and 3.01 mm d-1 for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The emergence phase showed evaporation rate of 5.19 mm d-1 and the reproductive, vegetative, and senescence ETc phases showed evaporation of 4.87, 4.84, and 3.32 mm d-1, respectively. The flowering stage had the greatest water demand (5.88 mm d-1). There was a significant difference in the crop yield among all treatments, with decreases of 18.91, 33.12 and 57.17% for T2, T3 and T4 in the grain yield, with a Ky of 1.48, and Kss of 2.03, 1.08, and 0.87 for the flowering, grain filling, and physiological maturation stages, respectively.
Salinity tolerance of tomato fertigated with different K+/Ca2+ proportions in protected environment
Authors: Oliveira Francisco de A. de , Paiva Francisco I. G. , Medeiros José F. de , Melo Mikhael R. de S. , Oliveira Mychelle K. T. de , Silvas Ricardo C. P. da
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Adequate potassium and calcium nutrition is a strategy to reduce salt stress on tomatoes, as it reduces nutritional imbalance in plants. With the objective of evaluating tomato production using irrigation with saline waters and fertigation with different potassium-calcium proportions, an experiment was carried out in a protected environment in Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of four electrical conductivity of nutrient solution (ECns) (1.75; 3.25; 4.75; and 6.25 dS m-1) combined with five ionic proportions (m/m) of potassium and calcium (F1 = 2.43:1; F2 = 2.03:1; F3 = 1.62:1; F4 = 1.30:1 and F5 = 1.08:1). The response variables were: number of fruits, mean fruit weight, fruit production per plant and relative yield. It was possible to identify satisfactory results of production when higher salinity was used. Fertigation with low K+/Ca2+ proportions intensifies the effect of salinity on tomato crop.
Yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under biofertilizer doses and application intervals
Authors: Fonseca Varley A. , Rodrigues Carlindo S. , Alvarenga Rodrigo R. , Santos Delfran B. dos , Bebé Felizarda V. , Pina Douglas S.
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Due to the water restriction, associated with the high cost of fertilizers, and the need to produce forage in the semi-arid regions, studies using biofertilizers in cactus pear production tend to become impactful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under doses and application intervals of bovine manure biofertilizer. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with two biofertilizer application intervals (14 and 21 days) and five biofertilizer doses (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 m3 ha-1). Three replicates were used, totaling 30 experimental units. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of cladodes, cladode length, cladode width and cladode area index, dry biomass percentage, and green and dry biomass yields. The use of 60 m3 ha-1 of liquid cattle manure biofertilizer increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. The application of 60 m3 ha-1 of biofertilizer at the interval of 14 days increased the yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear.
State presence in the credit market: state-owned banks and earmarked credit in the 2008 crisis
Authors: Barros Lucas A. B. de C. , Silva Catarina Karen dos Santos , Oliveira Raquel de Freitas
Published: June 2021

Abstract The objective of this study was to document the relationship between the two mechanisms of state action (credit earmarking and corporate control of banks) and the granting of bank credit in Brazil during the 2008 global financial crisis. There is an intense debate in the literature about the effectiveness of the State’s role in the financial system and its effects on the economy. One aspect of this issue is identifying whether the state presence contributes to stabilizing the granting of credit and softening financial crises’ economic impact. The studies carried out to date have not considered the differences between free and earmarked credits at the bank level, nor their possible interaction with the type of bank property. The study’s subject is relevant because it can help guide counter-cyclical public policies to face crises, including the use of changes in credit earmarking or state-owned banks’ performance. The analyses carried out can inform the debate about the pros and cons of the state’s presence in the credit market. The study analyses data from 2005 to 2012 from financial institutions that capture deposits from the public. Inferences are based on linear regression models, including a wide range of control variables. This study documents a significant reduction in credit granted by private banks in Brazil and state-owned banks’ expansion during the 2008 crisis. This evidence is not only due to differences in the funding rate during the period or to economic fundamentals, suggesting that the effect of corporate control is possibly related to the counter-cyclical performance of state-owned banks. The results show that the credit earmarking mechanisms were not particularly relevant in smoothing the contraction resulting from the financial crisis.
ATIVIDADE INSETICIDA DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS E DO ÓLEO DE NIM SOBRE ADULTOS DE ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS PANZER (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: Marcomini A.M. , Alves L.F.A. , Bonini A.K. , Mertz N.R. , Santos J.C. dos
Published: June 2021

RESUMO A utilização de plantas inseticidas tem se mostrado uma ferramenta promissora para controle de insetos, contudo ainda há muito pouco no que diz respeito ao efeito sobre Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer). Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a atividade inseticida de extratos vegetais visando o controle desse inseto em aviários. Foram testados extratos etanólicos (E), diclorometânicos (D), hexânicos (H) e aquosos (A) de Annonamuricata, Chenopodiumambrosioides, Eucalyptus grandis, Melia azedarach, Ocimum basilicum, Ruta graveolens e Tagetes erecta, e um óleo comercial à base de nim, Azadirachta indica (Dalneem®). Os extratos e o óleo foram diluídos na concentração de 10% e pulverizados sobre os insetos, mantidos em placas de Petri. O controle recebeu aplicação de água destilada. Os tratamentos mais eficientes foram óleo comercial de A. indica (97,5%), extrato de R. graveolens (E) (61,3%), C. ambrosioides (H) (32,5%) e de folhas de M. azedarach (E e D) (ambos 26,3%). Comparou-se também a aplicação direta do óleo sobre o inseto e aplicação na superfície com a qual o inseto ficaria em contato, sendo maior a eficiência quando pulverizado sobre os insetos (100%) em relação ao contato com superfície tratada (40,9%). Comparando-se diferentes concentrações do óleo pulverizado nos insetos, observou-se relação direta entre atividade inseticida e concentração utilizada, não havendo efeito apenas na menor concentração (0,1%). Contudo, o óleo não apresentou atividade sobre os insetos quando aplicado na cama do aviário.
Noise annoyance, sociodemographic and health patterns, and neighborhood perceptions in a Brazilian metropolis: BH Health Study
Authors: Dias Fernanda Abalen Martins , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , Costa Dário Alves da Silva , Xavier César Coelho , Proietti Fernando Augusto , Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study aims to analyze the association of noise annoyance with individual and sociodemographic factors and self-perception of the neighborhood in an urban center. Methods: Data were collected through a population-based cross-sectional study held in two of the nine health districts in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2008 to 2009. The study included 3,934 individuals of both genders, aged 18 years and older. The response variable was the self-perception of noise, investigated by the question: “In your neighborhood, does the noise bother you?” The explanatory variables were grouped into the following domains: sociodemographic, social determinants, self-rated health, and self-reported diseases. Results: The prevalence of noise annoyance was 47% for women and 39.8% for men. For both genders, noise annoyance was independently associated with bad traffic and the presence of loud music, discussions, and late-night parties. Conclusion: Gender differences were identified in the association of noise annoyance with sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported morbidity. Traffic and social customs were the main sources of noise in the regions under study.
Fatores associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos: revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: Niitsuma Eyleen Nabyla Alvarenga , Bueno Isabela de Caux , Arantes Elis Oliveira , Carvalho Ana Paula Mendes , Xavier Junior Gesner Francisco , Fernandes Gabriel da Rocha , Lana Francisco Carlos Félix
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores de risco associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos de casos da doença. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática e metanálise com busca nas bases de dados: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus e Web of Science até setembro de 2019. A seleção, a análise e a avaliação da qualidade dos estudos foram realizadas por quatro revisores. Utilizou-se modelo de efeitos aleatórios para calcular o risco relativo agrupado (RR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) quando na presença de heterogeneidade superior a 50%. Resultados: A busca resultou em 2.148 referências e foram incluídos 24 estudos. Estes, em sua maioria, foram realizados no Brasil e na Índia, com delineamento coorte, e incluíram contatos domiciliares, peridomiciliares e sociais. Mostraram-se associados ao adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos: o analfabetismo (RR = 1,48; IC95% 1,22 - 1,79), a convivência intradomiciliar (RR = 2,41; IC95% 1,87 - 3,10) com caso de hanseníase apresentando alta carga bacilar (RR = 2,40; IC95% 1,69 - 3,41), a soropositividade ao antígeno PGL-1(glicolipídeo fenólico-1) do Mycobacterium leprae (RR = 3,54; IC95% 2,21 - 5,67), presença do bacilo na corrente sanguínea (RR = 10,61; IC95% 4,74 - 23,77) e reação de Mitsuda negativa (RR = 2,68; IC95% 1,76 - 4,07). A imunização com bacilo Calmette-Guérin (BCG) teve efeito protetor contra o adoecimento (RR = 0,52; IC95% 0,34 - 0,78). Conclusão: O adoecimento por hanseníase em contatos perpassa pela determinação social, pela susceptibilidade individual e por fragilidades no acesso às ações de controle da doença; contudo, fatores de risco modificáveis são os principais determinantes do adoecimento nessa população.
Vulnerabilidade e Declínio Funcional em pessoas idosas da Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo longitudinal
Authors: Cabral Juliana Fernandes , Silva Ageo Mário Cândido da , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Lopes Edilene Gianelli , Mattos Inês Echenique
Published: June 2021

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a associação da vulnerabilidade e o declínio funcional para Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD) em pessoas idosas atendidas em unidades da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no município de Várzea Grande (MT), Brasil. Método Estudo longitudinal realizado com 304 pessoas idosas, com acompanhamento de 24 meses. A variável de exposição principal, vulnerabilidade, foi mensurada na linha de base utilizando-se o Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13). A variável dependente foi “declínio funcional em AIVD”, definido como a diminuição de pelo menos um ponto no score de capacidade funcional, avaliada pela Escala de Lawton e Brody, entre a coleta da linha de base e o follow-up. As associações entre declínio funcional em AIVD e vulnerabilidade, condições de saúde, fatores sociodemográficos, autoavaliação de saúde, estilo de vida e eventos adversos em saúde foram estimadas por meio do Odds Ratio (OR), utilizando regressão logística binária. Resultados 35,20% das pessoas idosas apresentaram declínio da capacidade funcional em AIVD. O declínio funcional se associou no modelo final com a interação entre vulnerabilidade e inatividade física (OR=3,12, IC95%, 1,42-6,86), insatisfação com a vida (OR=2,23, IC95%, 1,09-4,56) e hospitalização (OR=2,01, IC95%, 1,18-3,41). Conclusão O declínio funcional em AIVD foi maior nas pessoas idosas vulneráveis que estavam inativas fisicamente, naquelas insatisfeitas com a vida e que foram hospitalizadas durante o período de seguimento, sendo importante que essas condições sejam identificadas precocemente, para que ações de prevenção de declínio funcional sejam implementadas, além dos programas de incentivo à prática de atividade física pelas pessoas idosas.
Assistência farmacêutica na pandemia da Covid-19: uma pesquisa documental
Authors: Lula-Barros Débora Santos , Damascena Hylane Luiz
Published: June 2021

Resumo Este artigo objetivou discutir as propostas de reorganização da assistência farmacêutica durante a pandemia da Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pelas secretarias de saúde dos estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental dos arquivos disponibilizados nos sites das secretarias. A interpretação dos dados revelou três categorias de discussão sobre a reorganização da assistência farmacêutica do Sistema Único de Saúde: garantia do acesso às tecnologias em saúde, telefarmácia e promoção do uso racional de medicamentos e segurança na dispensação. Além de oferecer um sistema de abastecimento de tecnologias indispensáveis para o funcionamento dos serviços de saúde, as ações de assistência farmacêutica foram citadas como estratégicas para a difusão de informações fundamentadas em evidências, colaborando para a integralidade, a resolubilidade e a eficiência das intervenções em saúde.
Validity and reliability of a trigonometry-based method for the measurement of tooth movement on digital models
Authors: SANTOS Renata de Faria , SANTOS Bruno Fernandes de Oliveira , FERNANDES Victor Miranda , CALDAS Luciana Duarte , BALDO Taiana de Oliveira , DOMINGUEZ Gladys Cristina
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The objectives of the present study were to develop a method for longitudinally measuring tooth rotation, inclination and angulation on digital models, and to test the method validity and reliability. Methods: The initial and final planned models of 14 patients treated with Invisalign® (386 teeth) were exported from ClinCheck®. The rotation, inclination and angulation values were assessed for the incisors, canines, premolars and molars, in both models, using trigonometry. An application was developed in Python 2.7 to automate the measurements. The ∆planned (variation in the position between the initial and final planned models) was obtained for each tooth and each type of movement. To test the validity, the degree of agreement between the ∆planned and the values available in the Invisalign® Table of Movements was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. For intra and inter-rater reliabilities, the ∆planned was obtained again. Results: Excellent ICCs (> 0.9) and limits of agreement with narrow and clinically acceptable discrepancies were obtained for the rotation of all teeth (except maxillary canines, which had broader limits: -3.47 - 5.43) and for the inclination of premolars and molars. The inclination of anterior teeth and angulation of all teeth had ICCs and limits that were not indicative of great agreement. The reliability was high for the three movements (discrepancy <2°). Conclusions: The method developed is reliable and suitable for longitudinally measuring inclination (posterior teeth) and rotation (except maxillary canines). It has limited value for the other movements measurements.
Effect of the different debonding strength of metal and ceramic brackets on the degree of enamel microcrack healing
Authors: NIMPLOD Piyaphong , TANSALARAK Ratchawan , SORNSUWAN Tanapon
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to determine shear debonding strength of metal and ceramic brackets, and the degree of enamel crack healing. Material and Methods: Extracted human maxillary premolars were flattened on the buccal surface, and randomly separated into five groups (n = 15). In control groups (groups 1 and 2), metal and ceramic brackets were bonded on flat polished enamel, while in experimental groups (groups 3 and 4), metal and ceramic brackets were bonded on the surface with boundary where corner cracks were created. Additionally, fifteen specimens (group 5) were also prepared for an indentation procedure with no bracket installation. The degree of crack healing was measured. All brackets were detached with a universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also identified. Healing degree and apparent fracture toughness were then calculated. Results: Between groups with similar bracket types, there was no statistically significant difference in debonding strength. Regarding bracket types, ceramic brackets provided significantly higher debonding strength than metal brackets. There was a significant difference in ARI scores between metal and ceramic brackets. The corner cracks showed signs of healing in both horizontal and vertical directions. No statistically significant difference in the healing rates among the groups was found and the apparent fracture toughness increased from the initial to the final measurement. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, even though ceramic brackets required significantly higher debonding force compared to metal brackets, debonding stress was limited to the bonding site and did not affect the surrounding cracks on enamel.
IMPROVED ADHERENCE TO THE ESPGHAN GUIDELINES IS NECESSARY FOR DIAGNOSING CELIAC DISEASE IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: LAU Wing-Yu Siobhan , HEATON Paul Anthony , PAUL Siba Prosad
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by the ingestion of gluten. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines published in 2012 suggested a no-biopsy pathway (NBP) for symptomatic children with IgA tissue transglutaminase (TGA-IgA) ≥10x upper limit of normal (ULN). Biopsy confirmation remained mandatory for other cases. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective case note study was aimed at evaluating the adherence to the ESPGHAN 2012 guidelines for diagnosing CD in our unit. METHODS: Forty-three cases with positive TGA-IgA were identified by a laboratory database search from January 2013 to December 2019. 6 of 43 patients were not referred for a confirmation of CD diagnosis. Data was collected on the diagnostic pathways followed, and appropriateness of adherence was compared with the existing ESPGHAN guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 37 cases were included with 35 children diagnosed with CD. 29/35 (83%) were diagnosed via the NBP;15/29 (52%) children did not meet all the criteria required for NBP, but were diagnosed and managed as having CD. 20/35 (57%) children were diagnosed with CD in adherence to the 2012 guidelines. CONCLUSION: The recommended diagnostic guidelines were frequently not implemented; adherence to the guidelines may improve following regular educational sessions. The revised 2020 ESPGHAN guidelines which exclude HLA-DQ2/DQ8 testing would address the issue of diagnosis for the 10/15 NBP cases (with TGA-IgA >10xULN) in our study who did not have HLA testing and were therefore non-adherent to the 2012 diagnostic guidelines. NBP, with the reduced need for endoscopy may be beneficial in resource limited settings.
Drilling of new vinyl ester matrixed waste-filled composite: statistical approach
Authors: Ozsoy Neslihan , Ozsoy Murat , Arda Cihat , Akıncı Akın
Published: June 2021

Due to the increase in industrialisation and urbanisation in the world, pollution rates are increasing day by day. The world may become uninhabitable soon due to the increasing pollution rates. Thus, the issue of recycling waste generated during production has gained great importance, and many studies have been initiated on the recycling of waste materials. In this study, the waste generated during wet cutting of glass-fibre-reinforced polyester pipe produced by Subor Company was used as reinforcement in new vinyl ester matrixed composite material. To transform this developed composite material into an industrial product, some of its properties should be investigated. In this study, the optimisation of cutting parameters for drilling in composite materials was investigated. Four parameters (waste ratio, tool type, cutting speed, feed per tooth) were chosen. The cutting force was measured in the vertical direction during drilling. Analysis of variance (Anova) was done to find the effect of parameters. According to Anova results, feed per tooth was the most effective parameter on cutting force.
Automated Facial Recognition in Law Enforcement: The Queen (On Application of Edward Bridges) v The Chief Constable of South Wales Police
Authors: Gordon Barrie
Published: June 2021

The use of automated facial recognition in law enforcement is still a novel practice and as a result the legislative framework for this technology is ill-defined. The judgement of The Queen (on application of Edward Bridges) v The Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2020] EWCA Civ 1058 is the first case in the world that examines pertinent legal questions pertaining to this new technology. Automatic facial recognition may be used in law enforcement, but to prevent massive human rights violations, operators should perform their duties within a well-defined legal framework where discretion is kept to the minimum, and strict data-retention policies are followed. Furthermore, human oversight should always be part of an automated facial recognition system to ensure accuracy, fairness, and compliance with the law.
The Border Territories’ Branding in the Far East of the Russian Federation as a Factor in Improving the Quality of Life of the Region’s Population
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russian Federation), Danilova Elena A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Shaikhitdinov Alexander V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

The article examines branding of the border territories of the Far East. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the border regions of the Far East, subject to the implementation of a set of measures in the field of territorial branding, have great potential for the development of tourism, increasing investments in various sectors of the economy, and reducing population outflows. The work for the first time attempted a scientific understanding of the practical possibilities and prospects for the development of brands of the border territories of the Far East. The aim of the article is to study and discover the most promising areas, methods and technologies for the development of brands of the territories of the Far East. The objective is to investigate the branding practices of the border territories of the Far East, which contribute to the formation of the territories’ favorable perception. The study uses methods of comparative analysis, data synthesis and systematization, as well as the statistical and observation methods. Structural-functional, activity and normative approaches were applied. The empirical basis of the study is made up of regional news sources and official documents. The article shows that the development of brands of the regions of the border territories of the Far East has prospects due to the development of tourism. This is especially important for Primorsky Krai, which is a leader in the tourist region in the Far East and concentrates tourist flows from Asia. The Far East can develop a brand in the field of tourism and culture to expand cooperation with China, Japan, South Korea. Also important are state programs to stimulate tourism in the Far East. It is important to develop certain strong brands, such as the Russian Pacific Fleet, for their subsequent inclusion in the national branding strategy in terms of national defense and security. The development of tourist projects involving several regions of the Far East, like the Eastern Ring of Russia, is hindered by the geographical distance from each other; it is necessary to reduce the cost of movement between regions for the development of tourism. The epidemic of coronavirus, the closure of Russia’s borders with Asian countries led to a weakening of the tourism industry in the Far East and, as a result, the weakening of the opportunities for the development of brands of the regions of the Far East. In this connection, the state should support the tourism sector to maintain and further increase the level of tourism development.
The British Youth Service in 1990–2010
Authors:   Omsk State University (Omsk, Russian Federation), Kataman Dmitriy O.
Published: June 2021

The present article examines the modernization of the Youth Service – a specific instrument in the implementation of state policy in the sphere of youth socialization in the UK. The author aimed to reveal the causes of modernization, which was achieved after the analysis of statutory documents of British authorities concerning young people and children; information taken from the British government’s official website about cooperation with voluntary organizations; works of foreign and national authors: experts in the implementation of state policy in the sphere of youth socialization – Anthony Giddens and Tom Wiley; researchers of the evolution of youth policy in foreign countries in the second half of the 20th century – A.A. Popov and V.S. Efimov, and researchers of the history of the British Youth Service creation – S.V. Fomenko and Graham Brotherton. Despite the existing opinion about the ultimate formation of a “democratic approach” to the evaluation of the place and role of young people in society by the middle of the 1990s, the author tends to consider the middle of the 1990s not as the end, but as the beginning of the rethinking of the British government’s position towards young people. As a result, the efforts of state and non-state social services began to focus on assistance not only to youth from the “risk group”, but also to such categories of young people which are oriented to active work, study, professional growth. Hence, the specific instrument of state policy implementation in the sphere of British youth socialization – the Youth Service – had also exercised radical modernization in 1990–2010. Among the reasons for the modernization, the author reckons the following: (1) the shift of youth policy emphasis from teenagers and young people towards infancy according to the loss of personal life benchmarks together with the lack of the “ontological security” feeling; (2) the extension in the domain of government’s actions on youth problems in a “horizontal” direction. In the author’s opinion, the first reason contributed to the legislative recognition of such a phenomenon as Children’s and Youth Trusts, which at the beginning of the 2000s opened a perspective for the development of an intersectoral approach in the solution of youth problems at the local level and led the trusts to become the major structure, at the local level, that operates a contact between various agencies influencing the youth socialization process. The second reason removed the sole responsibility of the Department of Education for the implementation of state youth policy allocating it between other departments.