bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latest reviews regarding COVID-19 and its management
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ismail , C. N. Raghunath
Published: September 2020

We discuss briefly regarding the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it’s structure, routes of transmission, and pathophysiology. Then, we go on to describe the symptomatology and clinical features based on different publications from different countries. Finally, we have summarized the variable guidelines available for the management and prevention of the COVID-19 disease.
Responsible antibiotic therapy simplified
Authors: Shah Abhay K. , Shah Aashay Abhay
Published: September 2020

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem and is particularly pressing in developing countries where the infectious disease burden is very high. In developing countries, where relatively easy availability and higher consumption of medicines have led to disproportionately higher incidence of inappropriate use of antibiotics and greater levels of resistance compared to developed countries. The bacterial disease burden in India is among the highest in the world; consequently, antibiotics will play a critical role in limiting morbidity and mortality in the country. Improving antibiotic prescribing and use is critical to effectively treat infections, protect patients from harms caused by unnecessary antibiotic use, and combat antibiotic resistance. Responsible antibiotic therapy is one of the most important components of antibiotic stewardship. The current article is an attempt to provide a set of key principles to guide efforts to improve responsible and rational antibiotic use.
Rare dermatological diseases: Devergie disease
Authors:   Korolenko Hospital – branch of Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Department of Health  of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, Plieva Kristina T. , Denisova Elena V. ,   Korolenko Hospital – branch of Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Department of Health  of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, Bobrov Maksim A. ,   Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology of the Department of Health  of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, Mildzikhova Dzerassa R. ,   Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia, Korsunskaya Irina M. ,   Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2020

Devergie disease, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, is a poorly studied and rare disease, which prevalence is estimated at about 1 in 400 thousand. The article provides relevant data on the classification of Devergie disease, features of the course and clinical manifestations of each of the 6 types of the disease, as well as the ap-proximate occurrence of these types. Erythroderma can occur in Devergie disease, but data on the incidence of this manifestation vary significantly. The article presents a clinical case of type 1 Devergie disease. This case is of particular interest, since the disease began not according to the classical scheme, i.e., with appearance of an erythematous spot, but with extensive areas of erythroderma. This case is intended to draw attention to the fact that dermatological diseases do not always develop in a typical way, and the correct diagnosis often requires a histological examination. Key words: pityriasis rubra pilaris, Devergie disease, erythroderma, clinical case. For citation: Plieva K.T., Denisova E.V., Bobrov M.A. et al. Rare dermatological diseases: Devergie disease. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (7): 54–56. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.7.200187
Biological therapy of melanoma
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, Kravchenko Anzhela S.
Published: September 2020

Меланома – злокачественная опухоль кожи, характеризующаяся высокой распространенностью как в Российской Федерации, так и во всем мире, быстрым ростом, способностью к локальному и отдаленному метастазированию и высокой летальностью. Открытие и внедрение моноклональных антител позволило достичь определенных успехов в лечении ряда заболеваний, в том числе меланомы. Высокая эффективность использования моноклональных антител достигается за счет их точно направленного действия на определенные молекулы, что позволило увеличить общую вы-живаемость пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями. В качестве терапии меланомы высокую эффективность продемонстрировали ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек (CTLA-4 и PD-1), такие как ипилимумаб, ниволумаб и пембролизумаб. Эффективность данных монокло-нальных антител подтверждена в исследованиях, где они назначались в качестве монотерапии и комбинированной терапии, и выражалась в уве-личении общей выживаемости пациентов с меланомой кожи. Однако терапия моноклональными антителами может быть связана с риском возник-новения побочных реакций. Целью данного обзора является обобщение современных данных о биологической терапии меланомы. Ключевые слова: биологическая терапия, меланома, моноклональные антитела. Для цитирования: Кравченко А.С. Биологическая терапия меланомы. Consilium Medicum. 2020; 22 (7): 29–32. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2020.7.200297
A case study on left hemiparisis with acute infarct
Authors: Pramitav Debnath  , Thejaswini Karanth  , Someswar Deb
Published: September 2020

The term is related to something occurring on one half of the body either to the left or the right side. is thus weakness on any half of the body. This can be explained in various ways like loss of motor control, inability to feel different side of the body, or can even be a general of weakness. is seen in almost 8 out of 10 stroke survivors. If a patient is having it, then the patient may have difficulty walking, standing, and maintaining balance and may also have numbness or tingling on weaker side. can sometimes be confused with the term . Both of these conditions can occur after a stroke. , however, is basically paralysis on any one part of the body where it becomes difficult to move the affected side at all and may lose bladder control too. The patient may face trouble while speaking, swallowing, and even breathing. , on the other hand mainly involves weakness rather than paralysis. We present a case of 39 year old male patient from rural area who presented with a history of having falling down 8 days back and had a head injury, also complained about weakness –left sided giddiness. He was referred to tertiary care hospital and the patient was diagnosed with “Left Hemiparesis with Acute Infarct” and further treatment was given to the patient and his condition was improved at the time of discharge. With proper medications and lifestyle changes “Left with acute ” can be managed. as soon as patient receives the treatment, the chances of recovery increases. From this case study it can be concluded that the combination therapy of appropriate medications and lifestyle modifications can provide promising results in case of and thus can stop further deterioration to conditions like “”.
Case Study on Young Stroke Right Ataxic Hemiparesis with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shaik Kulsumbi  , Syed Sabiha Sultana  , Yalla Divya Chowdary  , Hareesh Uppara  , Pranathi R
Published: September 2020

Etiology in nearly half of the cases can contribute to small-vessel disease. Sensory loss accurately predicts a capsular localization. Etiology in nearly half of the cases can be attributed to small-vessel disease. Furthermore, ataxic hemiparesis appears to be an important marker for generalized asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease. The treatment plan for patient included the prescription of drugs like Tab Ecosprin 150 mg OD, Tab Atocor 40 mg OD, Tab Flutop, Tab Cerecetam 800 mg, Tab Homani LS OD, Tab Pantop 40 mg OD, Human mixtard 30/70 25 units morning and 15 units bedtime which were completely abiding the guidelines as well as maintained the need for the betterment of patient's condition. For such critical medical condition, proper treatment is what can improve the patient's condition and add years to survival, and here, in this case, the same was implemented. This case had immediate hospital admission, followed by proper treatment and counselling and thus lead to the improvement of the condition. Proper treatment avoided further damages which are quite certain in conditions like Ataxic hemiparesis. However, further, follow-ups are always necessary.
An impact of intima media thickness of carotids in cardio vascular profile
Authors: Jeevitha M  , Kalaichandar M  , Kirubakaran K  , Baskaran V  , Kokila K  , Jaspher Stalin S
Published: September 2020

Low blood pressure truly includes a worse prognosis than the excessive blood strain. This mechanism,bills for the "reverse causation "seen within the haemodialysis’ patients, the company of conventional risk elements, such as high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, appear to be a worst diagnosis.Exogenous erythropoietic products can growth blood strain and requirement of antihypertensive tablets.30 Chronic ECFV overload secondary to activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axisand disturbances inside the stability of vasoconstrictors and the vasodilators make a contribution to high blood pressure. Improvement in blood pressure can be introduced out with oral sodium restriction, diuretics, and fluid elimination with dialysis. Some patients will continue to be hypertensive notwithstanding of the careful attention to ECFV reputation. LVH is related with reduced endurance of sufferers on hemo/peritoneal dialysis .Lower five year survival charge in ESRD patients with LVH have a 30% than people missing LVH. This have a look at produces the mean carotid artery intima-medial thickness turned into higher in sufferers with superior CKD although it did now not attain statistical significance, probable due to smaller sample size.It was also observed that carotid intima medial thickness had no correlation with dyslipidemia. Even though the patients had maintained significantly normal cholesterol and high HDL levels, there was an increase in CIMT. Therefore, CKD patients, CIMT cannot be predicted based on the traditional atherosclerotic risk factors like serum cholesterol and HDL.
Senyapan dalam Tuturan Berbahasa Indonesia: Studi terhadap Tuturan pada“Debat Pilkada DKI 2017”
Authors: Kurniawati Wira
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the pause in the production of Indonesian speech in terms of duration, percentage, and reason of pause. This data is released on the pause in the speech delivered by the candidate for governor and vice governor in the event of “2017 Governor Candidate Debate of DKI Jakarta". Data is captured by recording all debate events from the youtube.com. Speech is then transcribed orthographically with the help of Praat version 5, then classified according the purposes. The results show that the existing silence is varied, ranging from very short pause (37 ms) to very long pause (3,633 ms). However, the average pause (499.89 ms) remains in normal pause. The percentage of speaker silence can be said to be quite large because it takes 20.71% or a fifth of the total speech duration. Meanwhile, the reason for pause is divided into two, which is because it is intentional and because it is not intentional. Intentional pause arises from respiration, lingual unit segmentation, grammatical pause, and also expression; unintentional disappearance can occur because of the mental processes experienced by speakers in planning and producing speech, that is because unpreparedness speakers start the utterance, caution choosing words, the mistakes, the pressure, and change the content of the speech.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan senyapan dalamtuturan lisan berbahasa Indonesia dari segi durasi, persentase, serta alasannya. Data diambil dari tuturan calon gubernur dan wakil gubernur dalam acara “Debat Calon Gubernur DKI Jakarta 2017”. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengunduh keseluruhan tayangan acara dari youtube.com. Tuturan ditranskripsi secara ortografis, lalu diidentifikasi dengan bantuan Praat versi 5, kemudian diklasifikasi berdasar tujuan penelitian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa durasi senyapan sangat variatif, mulai dari senyapan sangat pendek sekali (37 md) hingga sangat panjang (3.633 md). Namun, rata-ratanya (499,89 md)berada dalam senyapan normal. Adapun persentase senyapan cukup besar karena membutuhkan waktu 20,71% atau seperlima lebih durasi bicara total. Alasan penutur senyap ada dua: disengaja dan tidak disengaja. Senyapan yang disengaja terjadi karena pernapasan, segmentasi satuan lingual, jeda gramatikal, serta pemberian ekspresi.Senyapan tidak disengaja terjadi karena proses mental yang dialami penutur dalam merencanakan dan memproduksi tuturannya, yaitu ketidaksiapan memulai tuturan, kehati-hatian memilih kata, adanya kekeliruan, adanya tekanan, dan pengubahan isi tuturan.
IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Pudyastuti Larissa Amadea , Zamzani Zamzani
Published: September 2020

This study aims to describe (1) the type of conversational implicature, (2) the function of conversational implicature,  and (3) the reasons of using conversational implicatures, in  Indonesian Learning. The data source of the research are Indonesian teachers’ utterances and the data are conversational implicatures in process of learning Indonesian and equipped with context. Data obtained by recording and observation techniques. The method used in this study is a quailtative descriptive method. The results of the study show (1) the types of conversational implicatures used by teachers are generalized conversation implicatures and particularized conversation implicatures. The use of generali-zed and particularized conversational implicatures describes natural and humanistic communication between teachers and students in a vibrant and dynamic atmosphere. (2) Conversational implicature functions is assertive, expressive, directive, and commissive. (3) The reason of  using conversational implicatures is to makes utterance soft so the hearer not be offended and to give indirectness command.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan jenis implikatur percakapan, (2) mendeskripsikan fungsi tuturan berimplikatur percakapan, dan (3) mendeskripsikan alasan penggunaan implikatur per-cakapan khususnya pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Sumber data penelitian ini ialah tuturan guru bahasa Indonesia, sedangkan data dalam penelitian ini berupa implikatur percakapan dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dan dilengkapi dengan konteks. Data diperoleh dengan teknik rekam dan observasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil pe-neli­tian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) jenis implikatur percakapan yang digunakan oleh guru adalah im­plikatur percakapan umum dan implikatur percakapan khusus. Penggunaan implikatur percakapan umum dan khusus menggambarkan komunikasi yang natural dan humanis antara guru dengan siswa dalam suasana yang hidup dan dinamis. (2) Fungsi tuturan berimplikatur percakapan berupa fungsi asertif, fungsi ekspresif, fungsi direktif, dan fungsi komisif. (3) Alasan digunakannya implikatur perca-kapan ialah untuk memperhalus ucapan agar siswa tidak tersinggung dan untuk memberikan perintah tidak langsung
VITALITAS BAHASA, DIGLOSIA, DAN KETIRISANNYA: PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA MANDURO DI DESA MANDURO, KECAMATAN KABUH, KABUPATEN JOMBANG, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Setiawati Eti , Ardhian Dany , Widodo Wahyu , Warsiman NFN
Published: September 2020

A minority language will be very difficult to survive if the language is surrounded by a majority language, moreover, this region is very dependent on the surrounding area, both in terms of economy, government, education, and health. However, some regions can survive and are not affected by the surrounding languages. This study seeks to describe the language vitality, diglossia, and language leakage.The study sites were taken in four hamlets (Dander, Goa, Matokan, and Gesing) Manduro Village, Kabuh, Jombang, East Java. Manduro village was chosen because its inhabitants speak Madurese, but are surrounded by Javanese residents and are separated from their mother tongue (Madurese). Data sources were taken from one hundred respondents in four groups (children, teenagers, adults, and old).Data collection uses source triangulation techniques: observation (note-taking), questionnaire (adapted from Bahasa Kita Atmajaya questioner), and in-depth interviews. The results of the study showed that language vitality index was 0.69; category IV; stable, but potentially threatened. Diglossia is in family domain, kinship, neighbors, and friendship. The language leakage occured of friendship domain.Suatu bahasa minoritas akan sangat sulit bertahan jika bahasa itu dikepung oleh bahasa mayoritas, apalagi wilayah ini sangat bergantung pada wilayah sekitarnya, baik dari sisi ekonomi, pemerintahan, pendidikan, dan kesehatan. Akan tetapi, beberapa daerah seperti itu justru mampu bertahan dan tidak terpengaruh dengan bahasa-bahasa di sekitarnya.Kajian ini berusaha mendeskripsikan vitalitas bahasa, diglosia, dan ketirisan bahasa (language leakage).Lokasi penelitian diambil di empat dusun (Dander, Goa, Matokan, dan Gesing) Desa Manduro, Kecamatan Kabuh, Kabupaten Jombang, Jawa Timur. Desa Manduro dipilih karena  penduduknya berbahasa Madura, tetapi dikelilingi oleh penduduk berbahasa Jawa serta terpisah dengan bahasa induknya (bahasa Madura). Sumber data diambil dari seratus responden dalam empat kelompok (anak, remaja, dewasa, dan manula). Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber: pengamatan (simak-catat), angket (diadopsi dari questioner Bahasa Sehar-hari Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atmajaya, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan indeks vitalitas bahasa adalah 0,69, kategori IV, dengan situasi bahasa stabil-mantap, tetapi berpotensi terancam. Diglosia terdapat pada ranah keluarga, kerabat, pertetanggaan, dan pertemanan. Ketirisan diglosia terjadi pada ranah pertemanan.
PRODUKSI BAHASA TULIS PENUTUR ASING: STUDI KASUS MELATI
Authors: Hidayah Ilham , Widodo Pratomo
Published: September 2020

The success of obtaining a second language and subsequent languages is influenced by many factors, both those involving from within individuals and those from the environment. Thus, research should not only focus on assessing the success of an individual in obtaining language but must also relate how the individual's language learning background is related to the achievement of language acquisition. This article will focus on the discussion of written language production with the subject of jasmine, which is a native speaker of Mandarin. By reviewing the background of the subject's bilingualism, it is expected to be able to provide an overview and answer the question "how is the achievement of someone who learns a foreign language if he learns a second language after passing a critical period, then takes education to obtain language (nurture), and a coordinate billingualism, if measured after study the language for five years and four months? "the results of the research show that Melati has the following language skills (1) in terms of readability, able to write with the appropriate complexity for college level students (2) able to build relationships between words, sentences, and paragraphs but at the word level there are still some problems (3) which tend to produce difficult sentences to understand when writing more complex sentences.Keberhasilan pemerolehan bahasa kedua dan bahasa berikutnya dipengaruhi banyak faktor, baik yang menyangkut dari dalam diri individu maupun yang berasal lingkungan. Penelitian mengenai bahasa kedua seharusnya tidak hanya berfokus pada menilai keberhasilan dari seorang individu dalam memeperoleh bahasa tetapi juga harus menghubungkan bagaimana latar belakang belajar bahasa individu dalam kaitannya dengan pencapaian pemerolehan berbahasanya. Artikel ini akan fokus pada pembahasan produksi bahasa tulis dengan subjek melati, yaitu seorang penutur asli bahasa Mandarin. Dengan meninjau latar belakang bilingualisme subjek diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran dan menjawab pertanyaan “seberapa pencapaian seseorang yang belajar bahasa asing bila ia belajar bahasa kedua setelah melewati critical period, kemudian menempuh pendidikan untuk memperoleh bahasa (nurture), dan seorang yang coordinate billingualism, bila diukur setelah mempelajari bahasa selama lima tahun empat bulan?” hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Melati memiliki kemampuan bahasa sebagai berikut (1) secara keterbacaan, mampu menulis dengan kerumitan yang sesuai untuk pelajar tingkat perguruan tinggi (2) mampu membangun hubungan antar kata, kalimat, dan paragraf namun pada tataran kata masih ditemukan beberapa masalah (3) cenderung menghasilkan kalimat sulit dipahami saat menulis kalimat yang lebih kompleks.
CONSTRUCTION OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN 4 INDONESIAN NOVELS IN EUROPE
Authors: Putra Candra Rahma Wijaya , Lutfiana Rose Fitria
Published: September 2020

This study aims to understand the concept of nation and nationalism through four literary works with a European background. The approach of literary sociology in this study is used to look for forms of Indonesian nationalism in Europe. The aim is to find the source of self-depiction as an important element in constructing the concept of the nation. The results showed that the self-image as an Indonesian identity was aimed at citizenship, history, culture (language and food), race (ethnicity), and religion. Collective awareness about citizenship, history, culture, and race refers to the locally imagined community, namely the Indonesian people. Religion refers to the universal community. The five elements are at the same time a source of nationalism, both the nation in understanding local and universal communities.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami konsep bangsa dan nasionalisme melalui empat karya sastra berlatar Eropa. Pendekatan sosiologi sastra dalam penelitian ini digunakan untuk mencari pembeda nasionalisme Indonesia di Eropa. Tujuannya adalah mencari sumber penggambaran diri sebagai unsur penting dalam mengkonstruksi konsep bangsa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gambaran diri sebagai identitas keindonesiaan ditujukan dalam kewarganegaraan, sejarah, budaya (bahasa dan makanan), ras (etnis), dan agama. Kesadaran kolektif tentang kewarganegaraan, sejarah, budaya, dan ras merujuk pada komunitas terbayang lokal, yaitu bangsa Indonesia. Agama merujuk pada komunitas universal. Kelima unsur tersebut sekaligus sebagai sumber nasionalisme, baik bangsa dalam pemahaman komunitas lokal maupun universal.
The impact of stress on psychological and physiological aspects of health of patients with TMD: A literature review from 2015–2020
Authors: Wilkowicz Wiktor , Byś Aleksandra , Zieliński Grzegorz , Gawda Piotr
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Studies suggest that temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a complex disorder with many causes consistent with the biopsychosocial disease model. One of the important areas of TMD etiology are psychological factors, including stress, but its role in the mechanism of TMD formation is ambiguous. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to summarize the latest study about the impact of stress in relation to temporomandibular joint disorders. Material and methods: Articles from PubMed and PEDro online databases were identified using the keywords ‘stress,’ ‘distress,’ ‘TMD.’ The review included works published in the period from October 1, 2015 to March 6, 2020. Finally, 10 articles were qualified for the review. Results and discussion: The most frequently used research tool was the questionnaire. Other methods used to evaluate a level of stress in TMD patients were measurement of cortisol level and surface electromyography of masticatory muscles. Conclusions: Stress is one of the psychological factors involved in TMD pathophysiology. Increased levels of stress in patients with TMD are associated with elevated levels of cortisol, hyperactivity of the HPA axis and increased bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles. There is a need to extend research on the effects of stress on TMD by more objective methods.
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on medical personnel
Authors: Kufel-Grabowska Joanna , Bartoszkiewicz Mikolaj , Litwiniuk Maria
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
The development of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been causing changes globally in economic sectors and healthcare systems.

Aim:
The purpose of the survey we proposed, was to collect information provided directly by medical professionals during the first weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemic about how the facilities in which they work.

Material and methods:
An anonymous survey was addressed to all medical staff and made available on the Internet for a period of 10 days. The research group consisted of 284 people.

Results and discussion:
Most (97.6%) of health care units have introduced changes in the way they function in connection with a pandemic, and almost every employee was informed about it (94.7%). In most centres, frequent hand disinfection (86.6%) and the wearing of face masks (60.2%) were recommended. Changes in working hours have been introduced in 60.6% cases, and nature of work has changed for 62.0% of respondents. Most respondents are afraid that they may be a source of infection for their relatives (81.3%), whilst almost half are afraid for their personal health (49.3%) and that of their colleagues (54.2%). For the vast majority of respondents, the use of disinfectants has been recommended (94.0%), the wearing of gloves (93.0%), and for 79.9% to wear protective masks.

Conclusions:
In a survey of medical staff, most people have been experiencing increased stress due to the current coronavirus pandemic. The greatest concern among medics is the possibility of transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 virus to their relatives and colleagues. According to respondents, the current pandemic will have an impact on how the healthcare system will change in Poland.
HISTOPATOLOGI JANTUNG TIKUS PADA TOKSISITAS SUB KRONIS EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% KULIT BUAH JERUK Citrus nobilis Lour.
Authors: Izazi Farizah
Published: September 2020

This research aimed to study the histopathological heart rat of sub chronic toxicity 70% ethanol extract Citrus nobilis Lourr. Peel. This study used 40 male white Galur Wistar rats in sub-chronic toxicity and each divided into 4 groups (control group giving CMC Na 0,5%, dose group 40 mg/kg BB, dose group 200 mg/kg BB, and dose group 1000 mg/kb BB). Each group consists of 10 males. Each cage contains 5 rats of the same age and gender, fed and drunk in ad libitum method. Furthermore, the rats are being weighing in. 70% extraction of Citrus nobilis Lour peel is orally given to the rats, every day for 90 days accordance with the group. After rats were given dose treatment for 90 days then observed histopathology of heart. Each rat organ preparation was observed in five different fields of view then scored and processed with rank ratings then analyzed using non parametric statistical test using Kruskal Wallis test. 70% extraction of Citrus nobilis Lour peel for 90 days with a dose of 1000mg / kg of rats based on statistical tests showed damaged heart muscle cell on histopathological observation of the heart. It is then expected to continue on the chronic toxicity test of 70% extraction of Citrus nobilis Lour peel for 12 months to predict the safety of clinical use in humans in the long term.

Key word: heart, Citrus nobilis Lour.of peel, sub chronic toxicity
PROFIL KESESUAIAN PENULISAN RESEP PADA PASIEN UMUM RAWAT INAP DENGAN FORMULARIUM DI RUMAH SAKIT BEDAH MITRA SEHAT LAMONGAN
Authors: Nasyanka Anindi Lupita
Published: September 2020

The hospital minimum service standard becomes the minimum reference for assessing the services provided by the hospital. One important point is the suitability of prescribing to patients based on hospital formulary. In this study aims to determine the suitability profile of inpatient prescribing in Rumah Sakit Bedah Mitra Sehat Lamongan with hospital formulary. The research method used was cross-sectional with accidental sampling as many as 614  prescriptions from May until June 2019. The results showed that the percentage of compliance with the average prescribing in May-June  did not reach the minimum service standards (100%). therefore, a periodic evaluation of the formulary and outreach is needed to all doctors who write prescriptions for inpatients

 Keyword : prescribing, hospital formulary, inpatient
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien BPJS Pada Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Apotek Klinik SATKES PUSDOKKES MABES POLRI
Authors: Meila Okpri
Published: September 2020

Service satisfaction is achieved if what the patient gets exceeds what is expected. This study to determine the level of BPJS patient satisfaction and dimensions affect the level of satisfaction with pharmaceutical services provided in Drugstore Clinic Satkes Pusdokkes Headquarter Police. This reasearch was conducted the data of patients who were treated and carried out in cross sectional, by distribution questioner and analyzed descriptive. Reasearch subjects were teken by quota sampling technique. The level of satisfaction of this study was measured based on five dimensions of service quality and analyzed using percentase and likert scalet. The results of the showed that patients who were treated at the Drugstore Clinic Satkes Pusdokkes Headquarter Police were satisfied with the services provided by the services provided

Keyword : Satisfaction level, pharmaceutical services, BPJS
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH DAN VITAMIN C TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA UPT BLUD PUSKESMAS MENINTING
Authors: Dwi Zulqaidah Annisa , Iin Rumintang Baiq
Published: September 2020

Background:Based on the results of Basic Health Research in 2013, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia 37.1%. Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of ​​UPT BLUD Meninting Health Center in 2017 amounted to 28.18 %. To increase the absorption of hemoglobin levels, iron supplementation needs to be combined with other micronutrients such as vitamin C

Objective:To know the effectiveness of giving tablets added blood and vitamin C to the hemoglobin level of pregnant women

Method:This research used Quasi Experiment with Non Equivalent Control Group design with 30 samples divided into intervention and control group

Results:The characteristics of pregnant women found that most of them were 20-35 years old (83,3%), high school education (56,7%), respondents who did not work or housewives (96,7%), respondents multiparas (70%), the distance of pregnancy >5 years (61,9%). The average hemoglobin levels of pregnant women who only get tablets added blood 0.36 gr/dL. The average hemoglobin levels of pregnant women who get tablets added blood and vitamin C amounted to 1.2 gr/dL. Statistical test results independent t test obtained p value of 0.006

Conclusion:There is effectiveness of giving tablets added blood and vitamin C to pregnant woman's hemoglobin level
PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN PRE OPERASI FRAKTUR FEMUR
Authors: Wahyuningsih  , Sutanta  , Afifah Vina Asna
Published: September 2020

Background: Fracture is a break of tissue continuity caused by trauma or physical exertion. Surgery or operative action is a management of fracture that can cause anxiety. One of therapy to reduce anxiety can use deep breathing relaxation techniques to reduce tension especially preoperative moment.

Objective: To determine effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques on anxiety level of  femur fracture preoperative patient in Karima Utama Surgical Hospital.

Method: The type of research used quantitative research with a Quasi Experiment with Pre Test and Post Test Nonequivalent Control Group design. Sampling technique used Accidental Sampling as many as 30 respondents. Analysis data used Mann-Whitney test with  confidence level of 95%.

Result: Obtained P-value = 0.000 means there is a significant effect on the administration of deep breathing relaxation techniques on the anxiety level of femur fracture preoperative patients.

Conclusion: There was a significant effect on the administration of deep breathing relaxation techniques on the anxiety level of femur fracture preoperative patients in the Karima Utama Surgical Hospital.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG PERSONAL HYGIENE SAAT MENSTRUASI DI SMPN 1 GAMPING
Authors: Yumaeroh Ferita , Dwi Susanti
Published: September 2020

Background: : The behavior of hygiene during menstruation period is crucial to be conducted by women as it aims to maintain self-cleanliness and self-health both physically and mentally. Women having low personal hygiene behavior consider that cleanliness is trivial. 

Objective: It aims to find out the influence of health education through video toward the adolescent’s knowledge level on personal hygiene during menstruation period. 

Methods: This research applied pre-experimental research method with one group pretest-posttest design. There were 125 female students already having menstruation selected as the respondents, the sample collection technique used stratified random sampling. The data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Results: The adolescent’s knowledge level of female students on personal hygiene during menstruation period before given health education was categorized in low category. Meanwhile, the adolescent’s knowledge level of female students on personal hygiene after given health education was categorized in good category. Hence, there is an influence of health education on the adolescent’s knowledge level on personal hygiene during menstruation period in SMP N 1 Gamping.

Conclusion: There is an influence of health education toward the adolescent’s knowledge level on personal hygiene during menstruation period in SMP N 1 Gamping.
PATH ANALYSIS FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KETEPATAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK DMPA BERDASARKAN REASONED ACTION THEORY (RAT)
Authors: Eniyati  , Rahmawati Dechoni , Yulaikhah Lily
Published: September 2020

Background:In Indonesia birth control by injection is the main choice for family planning acceptors  (BKKBN, 2015). The highest percentage of new family planning participants in Central Java in 2016 was injection contraception of 5.4% (Health Profile of Central Java Province, 2016). Active KB participants in Magelang Regency in 2015 used the most non-long-term contraception method type injections, by 50.5%. (Magelang District Health Profile, 2015).

Objective:Analyzing factors that influence the accuracy of DMPA injection KB acceptors based on reasoned action theory in PMB Dhiaulhaq Magelang Regency, with variable attitudes, subjective norm, intentions and behavior.

Methods:Analytic survey research using a cross sectional approach. The population  were all DMPA injection KB acceptors,  sampling technique uses a case group and a control group that is fixied diseases sampling.

Results:Perception directly affects the norm with a p value of 0.007. Norm directly affects attitude with a p value of 0.007. Attitude directly influences intention with a p value of <0.001. Intention directly affects the accuracy / usage with a p value of 0.012.

Conclusion:The intention directly influences the behavior of the accuracy of visits in the use of DMPA injection KB. Perception of control has an indirect effect through subjectifve norms, attitudes, and intentions.
Spatial pattern of COVID-19 deaths and infections in small areas of Brazil
Authors: Lima Everton E. C. , Gayawan Ezra , Baptista Emerson A. , Queiroz Bernardo L
Published: September 2020

As at mid August, 2020, Brazil is the second most affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic, with large regional and social differences. In this study, using data from Brazilian Ministry of Health, we analyze the spatial patterns of infection and mortality from Covid-19 across small areas in Brazil. We apply spatial autoregressive Bayesian models and estimate the risks of infection and mortality, taking into account age and sex composition of the population. We also perform a decomposition analysis to study how age composition impacts the differences in mortality and infection rates across regions. Our results indicate that death and infections are spatially distributed forming clusters and hotspots especially in the Northern Amazon, Northeast coast and Southeast of the country. The high mortality risks in the Southeast part of the country, which harbours the major cities can, be explained by the high proportion of elderly population. In the less developed areas of North and Northeast, there is a combination of high infection among young adults, socioeconomic and health access backwardness that results in more deaths.
Dinamika Crowdfunding dalamkota
Authors: amien haqqan
Published: September 2020

Crowdfunding atau urun dana, merupakan kegiatan pengumpulan dana secara online dalam sekala kecil tetapi berasal dari jumlah masyarakat yang besar sehingga terkumpul dana yang signifikan. ( Kim, Bonn, & Lee, 2019). Dalam digital humanity, yang pertama crowdfunding mendorong wirausaha dalam melakukan kembali kegiatan sosial dengan tindakan yang yang responsif terhadap humaniora digital dengan cara mengadakan kegiatan sosial ketempat terpencil dengan tujuan untuk berbagi pengetahuan pada masyarakat di sana. Yang kedua, resiko yang didapat wirausaha sosial memberi dampat terhadap para pemangku kepentingan yang fokus terhadap dampak sosial humaniora digital. Yang terakhir, melakukan crowdfunding untuk usaha sosial dalam mempekerjakan profesional dengan pengaturan kerja yang fleksibel. Hal-hal tersebut sangat membantu untuk masyarakat dalam daerah terpencil yang memerlukan pembelajaran. (Pratono, et al., 2020)
Peer Review JT - Welfare-based Development
Authors: Gaspersz Steve Gerardo
Published: September 2020

Lembar Hasil Penilaian Sejawat
Peer Review AB - Distribusi Hasil Pertanian
Authors: Gaspersz Steve Gerardo
Published: September 2020

Lembar Hasil Penilaian Sejawat tentang buku Hasil Penelitian Distribusi Hasil Pertanian
Updated Seismic Fragility Functions for Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls per FEMA P-58 Methodology
Authors: Haghpanah Fardad , Schafer Benjamin W.
Published: September 2020

Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) provides a robust alternative to traditional earthquake design. PBEE enables engineers to estimate expected damage, repair costs, and economic losses due to downtime for a candidate design, potentially leading to novel new designs or retrofit solutions. With the increasing application of light-frame structural systems, such as cold-formed steel (CFS) panels, in residential and commercial construction, it is necessary to develop and employ fragility functions for these systems to enable PBEE. In this regard, a set of fragility functions was previously developed by researchers based on a series of monotonic and cyclic tests for CFS framed shear walls with wood structural panel sheathing, flat strap X-bracing, and steel sheet sheathing. Recently, the senior author has led in the development of a large database of CFS framed shear wall tests, including 617 monotonic and cyclic tests conducted in the last 20 years from 25 primary sources. Based on the wider database, the fragility functions for CFS framed shear walls are re-evaluated. The developed fragility functions provide updated knowledge for application of PBEE per the FEMA P-58 methodology and are recommended for future use.
Miller's Monkey Updated: Communicative Efficiency and the Statistics of Words in Natural Language
Authors: Caplan Spencer , Kodner Jordan , Yang Charles
Published: September 2020

Is language designed for communicative and functional efficiency? G. K. Zipf provided a famous argument in the affirmative: shorter words, which are easier to use, tend to be more frequent, apparently due to the pressure to minimize speaker effort. However, G. A. Miller showed that even a monkey randomly typing at a keyboard, and intermittently striking the space bar, would generate "words" with similar statistical properties. Recent quantitative analyses of human language lexicons (Piantadosi, Tily, & Gibson, 2012) have revived Zipf's functionalist hypothesis. Ambiguous words tend to be short, frequent, and easier to articulate in language production, which is interpreted as evidence for communicative efficiency as the context of language use often provides cues to overcome lexical ambiguity. In this study, we update Miller's monkey thought experiment to incorporate empirically motivated phonological and semantic constraints on the creation of words. We claim that the appearance of communicative efficiency is a spandrel (Gould & Lewontin, 1979), as lexicons formed without the context of language use or reference to communication or efficiency exhibit comparable statistical properties. Furthermore, the updated monkey model provides a good fit for the growth trajectory of English as recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary. Focusing on the history of English words since 1900, we show that lexicons resulting from the monkey model provide a better embodiment of communicative efficiency than the actual lexicon of English. We conclude by arguing for the need to go beyond correlational statistics and to seek direct evidence for the mechanisms that underlie principles of language design.
Co-speech gestures are a window into the effects of Parkinson’s disease on action representations
Authors: Humphries Stacey , HOLLER JUDITH , Crawford Trevor , Poliakoff Ellen
Published: September 2020

Parkinson’s disease impairs motor function and cognition, which together affect language and communication. Co-speech gestures are a form of language-related actions that provide imagistic depictions of the speech content they accompany. Gestures rely on visual and motor imagery, but it is unknown whether gesture representations require the involvement of intact neural sensory and motor systems. We tested this hypothesis with a fine-grained analysis of co-speech action gestures in Parkinson’s disease. 37 people with Parkinson’s disease and 33 controls described two scenes featuring actions which varied in their inherent degree of bodily motion. In addition to the perspective of action gestures (gestural viewpoint/first- vs. third-person perspective), we analysed how Parkinson’s patients represent manner (how something/someone moves) and path information (where something/someone moves to) in gesture, depending on the degree of bodily motion involved in the action depicted. We replicated an earlier finding that people with Parkinson’s disease are less likely to gesture about actions from a first-person perspective – preferring instead to depict actions gesturally from a third-person perspective – and show that this effect is modulated by the degree of bodily motion in the actions being depicted. When describing high motion actions, the Parkinson’s group were specifically impaired in depicting manner information in gesture and their use of third-person path-only gestures was significantly increased. Gestures about low motion actions were relatively spared. These results inform our understanding of the neural and cognitive basis of gesture production by providing neuropsychological evidence that action gesture production relies on intact motor network function.
Factors associated with the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt in prison
Authors: Favril Louis
Published: September 2020

Background: Although research has identified a wide range of risk factors for suicidal behaviour in prisoners, it does not establish who is most likely to act on their suicidal thoughts while incarcerated. Aim: To examine which clinical, criminological, and custodial factors are associated with suicidal ideation and the transition to suicide attempt in prison. Methods: Data were collected from a random sample of 1203 adult men incarcerated across 15 prisons in Belgium, who represent 12% of all male prisoners nationwide. Results: One-third (33%) of participants reported having suicidal thoughts during their incarceration, of whom 26% attempted suicide in prison (9% of all prisoners). Factors independently associated with suicide attempt among prisoners with suicidal ideation were violent offending (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.33–5.23), in-prison drug use (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.25–4.22), exposure to suicidal behaviour (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.68), and a lifetime history of non-suicidal self-injury (aOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.08–3.36). Whilst related to suicidal thoughts, markers of psychiatric morbidity and aspects of the prison regime were not associated with the progression to suicide attempt. Limitations: The findings were based on cross-sectional data derived from self-report measures. Conclusions: Many prisoners who think about suicide do not attempt suicide while incarcerated. Factors associated with suicidal ideation are distinct from those that govern the transition to suicidal behaviour. Longitudinal data are needed to confirm whether the identified factors predict behavioural enaction during the course of imprisonment.
Expanding the measurement of culture with a sample of two billion humans
Authors: Obradovich Nick , Özak Ömer , Martín Ignacio , Ortuño-Ortín Ignacio , Awad Edmond , Cebrián Manuel , Cuevas Rubén , Desmet Klaus , Rahwan Iyad , Cuevas Ángel
Published: September 2020

Culture has played a pivotal role in human evolution. Yet, the ability of social scientists to study culture is limited by currently available measurement instruments. Scholars of culture must regularly choose between scalable but sparse survey-based methods or restricted but rich ethnographic methods. Here, we demonstrate that massive online social networks can advance the study of human culture by providing quantitative, scalable, and high-resolution measurement of behaviorally revealed cultural values and preferences. We employ publicly available data across nearly 60,000 topic dimensions drawn from two billion Facebook users across 225 countries and territories. The data capture preferences inferred by Facebook from online behaviours on the platform, behaviors on external websites and apps, and offline behaviours captured by smartphones and other devices. We first validate that cultural distances calculated from this measurement instrument correspond to survey-based and objective measures of cultural differences. We then demonstrate that this measure enables insight into the cultural landscape globally at previously impossible resolution. We analyze the importance of national borders in shaping culture and explore unique cultural markers that identify subnational population groups. The global collection of massive data on human behavior provides a high-dimensional complement to traditional cultural metrics, potentially enabling novel insight into fundamental questions in the social sciences. The measure enables detailed investigation into the countries’ geopolitical stability, social cleavages within both small and large-scale human groups, the integration of migrant populations, and the disaffection of certain population groups from the political process, among myriad other potential future applications.