bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An elevated anxiety level among prepubertal autistic boys with non‐treatment‐seeking functional gastrointestinal disorders: A case–control study
Authors: Wong Oscar W. H. , Lam Angela M. W. , Lai Kelly Y. C. , Ma Suk Ling , Hung Se Fong , Chan Sandra , Wong Sunny , Leung Patrick W. L.
Published: June 2021

Children with autism commonly suffer from comorbid functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and anxiety. The raised prevalence of both conditions in autism suggests complex reciprocal relationships, which are seldom explored in non‐treatment‐seeking FGID. The relationships between subtypes of FGID and anxiety are also unclear. This study recruited boys with autism and age‐matched typically developing (TD) boys, aged 4–11 years, who were not actively seeking help for gastrointestinal problems. Their parents completed the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaires for Pediatric FGID. Four groups of children with and without autism/FGID were identified and compared on their anxiety level using the Spence children's anxiety scale. In 69 boys with autism and 69 age‐matched TD boys, FGID were identified in 22 and 16 boys, respectively. ANCOVA demonstrated a significant interaction effect of autism and FGID on anxiety (F[1, 129] = 5.43, p = 0.021), while conditional logistic regression identified an interaction effect of autism and anxiety on the odds of FGID (OR 1.038, 95% CI 1.002–1.075, p = 0.038). Explorative post hoc analysis showed higher anxiety in functional nausea and vomiting disorder (p = 0.033) and functional abdominal pain disorder (p = 0.029) among boys with autism than TD boys with the same respective subtypes of FGID. In summary, among prepubertal boys with autism, the presence of FGID that are non‐treatment‐seeking in nature, has a significantly stronger association with higher levels of anxiety than TD boys. The strength of association may be more prominent in subtypes of FGID. Possible pathomechanisms including the underlying microbiota spectra and inflammatory paths should be explored in future studies.

Lay summary

Anxiety and gastrointestinal problems are common symptoms in autism. Given that gut health could be linked to emotions, their association in young boys with autism was studied. The presence of nausea vomiting, or abdominal pain were associated with raised anxiety among boys with autism, yet this was not observed in typically developing boys. This suggests that anxiety among autistic children could be partly explained by the presence of FGID.
Historian organizations and community college faculty: Past connections and future projects
Authors: Gonzales Trinidad
Published: June 2021

History organizations through structural inclusion and outreach since the 1990s have been inclusive of community college faulty.
A role for disciplinary societies in supporting community college adjunct faculty
Authors: Bickerstaff Susan , Ran Florence Xiaotao
Published: June 2021

Disciplinary societies have a role to play in supporting the needs of community college adjunct faculty. The potential exists to improve the professional lives of these faculty members, an underappreciated segment of the higher education workforce, and to positively influence outcomes for students enrolled in community colleges.
Impact of Pore Size and Defects on the Selective Adsorption of Acetylene in Alkyne‐Functionalized Nickel(II)‐Pyrazolate‐Based MOFs
Authors: Afshariazar Farzaneh , Morsali Ali , Sorbara Simona , Padial Natalia M. , Roldan‐Molina Esther , Oltra J. Enrique , Colombo Valentina , Navarro Jorge A. R.
Published: June 2021

C2H2/CO2 separation is a highly challenging process as a consequence of their similar physicochemical properties. In this work we have explored, by static and dynamic gas sorption techniques and computational modelling, the suitability of a series of two isoreticular robust Ni(II)pyrazolate‐based MOFs, bearing alkyne moieties on the ligand backbones, for C2H2/CO2 separation. The results are consistent with high adsorption capacity and selectivity of the essayed systems towards C2H2 molecules. Furthermore, a post‐synthetic treatment with KOH ethanolic solution gives rise to linker vacancy defects and incorporation of extraframework potassium ions. Creation of defects is responsible for increased adsorption capacity for both gases, however, strong interactions of the cluster basic sites and extraframework potassium cations with CO2 molecules are responsible for a lowering of C2H2 over CO2 selectivity.
Managing Experimental 3D Structures in the Beyond‐Rule‐of‐5 Chemical Space: The Case of Rifampicin
Authors: Ermondi Giuseppe , Lavore Francesca , Vallaro Maura , Tiana Guido , Vasile Francesca , Caron Giulia
Published: June 2021

The beyond‐Rule‐of‐5 (bRo5) chemical space is a source of new oral drugs and includes large and flexible compounds. Because of their size and conformational variability, bRo5 molecules assume different privileged conformations in the compartments of human body, i. e., they can exhibit chameleonic properties. The elucidation of the ensemble of 3D structures explored by such molecules under different conditions is therefore critical to check the role played by chameleonicity to modulate cell permeability. Here we characterized the conformational ensembles of rifampicin, a bRo5 drug, in polar and nonpolar solvents and in the solid state. We performed NMR experiments, analyzed their results with a novel algorithm and set‐up a pool of ad hoc in silico strategies to investigate crystallographic structures retrieved from the CSD. Moreover, a polarity descriptor often related to permeability (SA‐3D‐PSA) was calculated for all the conformers and its variation with the environment analyzed. Results showed that the conformational behavior of rifampicin in solution and in the solid state is not superposable. The identification of dynamic intramolecular hydrogen bonds can be assessed by NMR spectroscopy but not by X‐ray structures. Moreover, SA‐3D‐PSA revealed that dynamic IMHBs do not provide rifampicin with chameleonic properties. Overall, this study highlights that the peculiarity of rifampicin, which is cell permeable probably because of the presence of static IMHBs but is devoid of any chameleonic behavior, can be assessed by a proper analysis of experimental 3D structures.
Fluorinated α‐Diimine Nickel Mediated Ethylene (Co)Polymerization
Authors: Hu Xiaoqiang , Zhang Yixin , Li Baixiang , Jian Zhongbao
Published: June 2021

Fluorine substituents in transition metal catalysts are of great importance in olefin polymerization catalysis; however, the comprehensive effect of fluorine substituents is elusive in seminal late transition metal α‐diimine catalytic system. In this contribution, fluorine substituents at various positions (ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐F) and with different numbers (Fn; n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5) were installed into the well‐defined N‐terphenyl amine and thus were studied for the first time in the nickel α‐diimine promoted ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers. The position of the fluorine substituent was particularly crucial in these polymerization reactions in terms of catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight, branching density, and incorporation of polar monomer, and thus a picture on the fluorine effect was given. As a notable result, the ortho‐F substituted α‐diimine nickel catalyst produced highly linear polyethylenes with an extremely high molecular weight (Mw=8703 kDa) and a significantly low degree of branching of 1.4/1000 C; however, the meta‐F and/or para‐F substituted α‐diimine nickel catalysts generated highly branched (up to 80.2/1000 C) polyethylenes with significantly low molecular weights (Mw=20‐50 kDa).
Rigid and Compact Binuclear Bis‐hydrated Gd‐complexes as High Relaxivity MRI Agents
Authors: Leone Loredana , Guarnieri Luca , Martinelli Jonathan , Sisti Massimo , Penoni Andrea , Botta Mauro , Tei Lorenzo
Published: June 2021

The first binuclear Gd‐complex of the 12‐membered pyridine‐based polyaminocarboxylate macrocyclic ligand PCTA was synthesized by C−C connection of the pyridine units through two different synthetic procedures. A dimeric AAZTA‐ligand was also synthesized with the aim to compare the relaxometric results or the two ditopic Gd‐complexes. Thus, the 1H relaxometric study on [Gd2PCTA2(H2O)4] and on [Gd2AAZTA2(H2O)4]2− highlighted the remarkable rigidity and compactness of the two binuclear complexes, which results in molar relaxivities (per Gd), at 1.5 T and 298 K of ca. 12–12.6 mM−1 s−1 with an increase of ca. 80 % at 1.5 T and 298 K (+70 % at 310 K) with respect to the corresponding mononuclear complexes.
Building an Iron Chromophore Incorporating Prussian Blue Analogue for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Ghobadi T. Gamze Ulusoy , Ghobadi Amir , Demirtas Merve , Buyuktemiz Muhammed , Ozvural Kubra N. , Yildiz Elif Akhuseyin , Erdem Emre , Yaglioglu H. Gul , Durgun Engin , Dede Yavuz , Ozbay Ekmel , Karadas Ferdi
Published: June 2021

Invited for the cover of this issue is the Ferdi Karadas and Ekmel Ozbay groups at Bilkent University and co‐workers. The image presents an utopic city in Iron Age, which is powered by an iron photosensitizer that bridges semiconductor buildings (TiO2 nanowires) and the catalyst (cobalt site). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100654.
C=C Bond Oxidative Cleavage of BODIPY Photocages by Visible Light
Authors: Xu Youwei , Lin Shanmeng , He Rongkun , Zhang Yichuan , Gao Quan , Ng Dennis K. P. , Geng Jin
Published: June 2021

Photocages for protection and the controlled release of bioactive compounds have been widely investigated. However, the vast majority of these photocages employ the cleavage of single bonds and high‐energy ultraviolet light. The construction of a photoactivation system that uses visible light to cleave unsaturated bonds still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a regioselective oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds from a boron‐dipyrrolemethene (BODIPY)‐based photocage by illumination at 630 nm, resulting in a free aldehyde and a thiol fluorescent probe. This strategy was demonstrated in live HeLa cells, and the generated α‐formyl‐BODIPY allowed real‐time monitoring of aldehyde release in the cells. In particular, it is shown that a mannose‐functionalized photocage can target HepG2 cells.
PtM/MxBy (M=Ni, Co, Fe) Heterostructured Nanobundles as Advanced Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yuan Mengyu , Xu Hui , Wang Cheng , Wang Yong , Wang Yuan , Wang Xiaomei , Du Yukou
Published: June 2021

Optimizing the electronic and synergistic effect of hybrid electrocatalysts based on Pt and Pt‐based nanocatalysts is of tremendous importance towards a superior hydrogen evolution performance under both acidic and alkaline conditions. However, developing an ideal Pt‐based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst with moderated electronic structure as well as strong synergistic effect is still a challenge. Herein, we fabricated boron (B)‐doped PtNi nanobundles by a two‐step method using NaBH4 as the boron source to obtain PtNi/Ni4B3 heterostructures with well‐defined nanointerfaces between PtNi and Ni4B3, achieving an enhanced catalytic HER performance. Especially, the PtNi/Ni4B3 nanobundles (PtNi/Ni4B3 NBs) can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 14.6 and 26.5 mV under alkaline and acidic media, respectively, as well as outstanding electrochemical stability over 40 h at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Remarkably, this approach is also universal for the syntheses of PtCo/Co3B and PtFe/Fe49B with outstanding electrocatalytic HER performance.
Safe chemistry lessons – the safety assessment of maillard reactions of the formation of the flavours from roasted pork and popcorn
Authors: Klemeyer Horst
Published: June 2021

Die Bildung von Braten‐ und Röstaromen ist eine wesentliche Facette des Garungsprozesses menschlicher Nahrung. Diese Aromen wirken auf Menschen attraktiv und können Appetit auslösen. Werden Braten‐ und Röstaromen im Schülerexperiment hergestellt, kann das Interesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler für ihren Chemieunterricht gesteigert werden. In dieser Arbeit sind die für das Aroma von Schweinebraten und von Popcorn verantwortlichen Stoffe mit ihren Eigenschaften beschrieben. Danach wird aufgezeigt, dass es sich bei den Gerüchen um Spurenverbindungen handelt, die aufgrund der geringen Konzentration keine Auswirkung auf die menschliche Gesundheit haben können.
Effect of whey protein‐ and xanthan‐based coating on the viability of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus and physiochemical, textural, and sensorial properties of yogurt
Authors: Khorshidi Mina , Heshmati Ali , Taheri Mehdi , Karami Mostafa , Mahjub Reza
Published: June 2021

The goal of this study was to investigate the viability of microencapsulated and coated Lactobacillus acidophilus in yogurt during storage in a refrigerator for 28 days and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the microencapsulated and coated L. acidophilus on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of yogurt was assessed. Lactobacillus acidophilus was microencapsulated in sodium alginate and coated with xanthan and/or whey protein. The coating led to the increase in the microcapsule diameter and the microencapsulation yield, while it led to the decreased moisture and water activity (aw) of the microcapsule. The survival of L. acidophilus microcapsule coated with whey protein and xanthan in yogurt during storage and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions was significantly increased. Compared with free bacteria, the L. acidophilus microcapsule coated with whey protein and xanthan had the increased viability in yogurt until 2.16 log CFU/g during storage and 3.52 log CFU/g in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. After the 28th day of storage, a significant difference between the acidity and pH of yogurt containing coated and microencapsulated L. acidophilus and control yogurt was not observed. However, yogurt containing free L. acidophilus had lower pH and higher acidity and showed a significant difference (p < .05) with other samples. Although the coating of L. acidophilus microcapsule did not affect the sensory properties and gumminess of yogurt, it increased the firmness, adhesiveness, and viscosity of this product and caused a significant decrease in syneresis and cohesiveness. In general, the application of whey protein and xanthan coating on L. acidophilus microcapsule surface could increase the viability of this probiotic in yogurt during storage and in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and improve the texture attributes of yogurt.
Delivering health insurance through informal financial groups: Evidence on moral hazard and adverse selection
Authors: Sheth Ketki
Published: June 2021

Moral hazard and adverse selection are potential explanations for missing health insurance in low‐income countries. In recent years, informal financial institutions have attempted to complete health insurance markets by offering micro health insurance (MHI). We evaluate an MHI offered through informal financial institutions (Self‐Help Groups) in Maharashtra, India. Exploiting random assignment of when villages were offered the MHI, we do not find support for MHI increasing health care utilization. In contrast, we do find evidence for adverse selection: enrollees are significantly more likely than non‐enrollees to report poor health prior to the introduction of MHI. This adverse selection persists even when the MHI is offered as a group insurance to Self‐Help Groups, as opposed to individual insurance. Our results suggest that MHI offered through informal financial groups may not suffer from moral hazard, but does fall short of eliminating adverse selection.
In vivo autophagy quantification: Measuring LC3 and P62 puncta in 3D image system from zebrafish larvae
Authors: Elbialy Abdalla
Published: June 2021

Autophagy is a central pathway in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the recycling of damaged proteins and organelles. Detection of LC3 protein levels by immunofluorescence or western blot analysis is one of the most common ways to measure autophagy. For quantitative autophagy analysis, LC3 western blot analysis is commonly used, whereas immunostaining is used for qualitative autophagy analysis. However, zebrafish larvae have a lot of proteases that rapidly degrade LC3 protein in samples. P62 is another autophagy marker that bind to damaged proteins and can reflects autophagic status. This study demonstrates a fast and accurate way to quantify autophagy from LC3 and/or P62 immunostaining images. We used a three‐dimensional analysis of whole‐mount LC3 immunostaining images of zebrafish larvae. Counting LC3 and P62 punctate by two dimensions can be used as a qualitative method for the analysis of autophagy. However, here we demonstrate that 3D image analysis can be used as a quantitative, rapid tool for monitoring autophagy in zebrafish larvae and avoiding drawbacks of LC3 western blot analysis.
“It's like a Brotherhood”: Thematic analysis of veterans’ identity processes in substance abuse recovery homes
Authors: Guerrero Mayra , Wiedbusch Elzbieta K. , Abo Mary G. , Nguyen Rebecca L. , Soto‐Nevarez Arturo , Principato Kalee , Jason Leonard A.
Published: June 2021

This exploratory study aimed to understand how veterans’ social identity influenced their experiences living in Oxford Houses (OH)—the largest network of substance use recovery homes in the United States. We conducted three focus groups, with 20 veterans who were current or former OH residents. Thematic analysis revealed several ways in which participants’ veteran identity influenced their experiences living in OH, including: (1) thriving through OH organizational similarities with the military, (2) relationships with other OH residents, and (3) and growth and reintegration. The themes were interpreted using the Social Identity Theory and the Social Identity Model of Identity Change perspectives. Social identity processes were found to play an influential role in veterans’ experiences in their recovery homes and reintegration into civilian life. Findings highlight the importance of veterans developing a community within a culturally congruent setting to facilitate their recovery from substance use disorders and adjustment to life post‐military service.
Clinical and prognostic role of sarcopenia in elderly patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicentre experience
Authors: Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Albano Domenico , Arcari Annalisa , Merli Francesco , Coppola Alessandra , Besutti Giulia , Marcheselli Luigi , Gramegna Doriana , Muzi Cristina , Manicone Moana , Camalori Manuela , Ciammella Patrizia , Colloca Giuseppe , Tucci Alessandra
Published: June 2021

Background

Elderly classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) (ecHL) is a rare disease with dismal prognosis and no standard treatment. Fitness‐based approaches may help design appropriate treatments. Sarcopenia has been associated with an increased risk of treatment‐related toxicities and worse survival in various solid tumours, but its impact in ecHL is unknown. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to investigate the prognostic role of sarcopenia in ecHL.

Methods

We included newly diagnosed >64 years old cHL patients who performed a baseline comprehensive geriatric assessment and high‐dose computed tomography (CT) or 18fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT before any treatment. Sarcopenia was measured as skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2) by the analysis of high‐dose CT or low‐dose positron emission tomography/CT images at the L3 level. The specific cut‐offs for the SMI were determined by receiver operator curve analysis and compared with those proposed in literature and studied in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Survival functions [progression‐free survival [PFS] and overall survival (OS)] were calculated for the whole population and for different subgroups defined as per different sarcopenia cut‐off levels.

Results

We included 154 patients (median age 71 years old, 76 female). The median L3‐SMI was 42 cm2/m2. The specific cut‐off derived in our male population was 45 cm2/m2; using this cut‐off, 27 male patients (35%) were defined as sarcopenic. After a median follow‐up of 5.9 years, the overall 5‐year PFS and OS rates were 53% and 65%, respectively, and were significantly shorter in sarcopenic male patients compared with non‐sarcopenic (PFS 31% vs. 61%, P = 0.008; OS 51% vs. 74%, P = 0.042). Applying diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma‐derived sarcopenic thresholds, there were no significant differences between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients for both PFS and OS, with a sole exception of a significant reduced PFS in sarcopenic male patients using Namakura cut‐off. The comprehensive geriatric assessment‐determined frail functional status was an independent adverse prognostic factor for both female and male patients.

Conclusions

Baseline evaluation of sarcopenia through radiological examinations performed for ecHL staging may help define a proportion of male patients with unfavourable outcome with current treatment strategies. Also the functional status evaluation could allow to identify a frail subgroup of patients with worse outcome.
Macrophages as a “weapon” in anticancer cellular immunotherapy
Authors: Aminin Dmitry , Wang Yun‐Ming
Published: June 2021

Anticancer immunotherapy is a treatment that activates the immune system to fight the tumor. Immunotherapy has several advantages over other cancer treatments in that anticancer immunotherapy displays high specificity, low side effects, and can combine with various conventional therapies. In recent years, oncologists have shown increasing interest in using macrophages for adoptive cell therapy and predict a bright future of macrophage‐directed therapy for eliminating cancer. The focus of increased research interest is the classically activated M1 macrophages exhibiting pronounced tumoricidal activity, and the alternatively activated M2 tumor‐associated macrophages, which otherwise help malignant cells evading attack by the immune system. M1 macrophages may represent an effective weapon in anticancer cellular immunotherapy, and the use of autoimmune macrophages properly prepared for antitumor administration is one of the promising ways for personalized therapy of cancer patients. The present report mainly discusses some modern aspects of the problem in application of activated M1 macrophage in anticancer therapy and reviews relevant publications up to 2021.
An unsymmetric 8‐node plane element immune to mesh distortion for linear isotropic hardening material
Authors: Chen Xiaotian , Chen Wei , Xu Jiangping , Tu Wenbin , Rajendran Sellakkutti , Lu Jinzhong
Published: June 2021

An 8‐node quadrilateral plane element US‐QUAD8 is developed for linear isotropic hardening material in the framework of updated Lagrangian unsymmetric finite formulation where matrix is constructed by classical shape function, and matrix by the higher‐order Lagrangian basis function in global coordinate system. The present element eliminates the influence of Jacobian in the elemental stiffness matrix and guarantees the quadratic completeness of displacement field even under severe distorted mesh. Two typical problems meshed with angular/curved‐edge/mid‐side distorted elements demonstrate excellent performance of distortion resistance of the present element and good computational efficiency in severe mesh distortion.
Enhanced access to healthcare utilization data through medical record review: Lessons learned from a community‐based, multi‐site project
Authors: Grape Annette , Wicks Mona , Tumiel‐Berhalter Laurene , Sloand Elizabeth , Rhee Hyekyun
Published: June 2021

Collecting accurate healthcare utilization (HCU) data on community‐based interventions is essential to establishing their clinical effectiveness and cost‐related impact. Strategies used to enhance receiving medical records for HCU data extraction in a multi‐site longitudinal randomized control trial with urban adolescents are presented. Successful strategies included timely assessment of procedures and practice preferences for access to electronic health records and hardcopy medical charts. Repeated outreach to clinical practice sites to identify and accommodate their preferred procedure for medical record release and flexibility in obtaining chart information helped achieve a 75% success rate in this study. Maintaining participant contact, updating provider information, and continuously evaluating site‐specific personnel needs are recommended.
The effects of teacher–child racial congruence, child race, and emotion situation knowledge on teacher–child relationships and school readiness
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Shadur Julia M. , Toney Tamera
Published: June 2021

We examined whether teacher–child racial congruence and child race moderated the association between children's emotion situation knowledge and the dimensions of teacher–child relationship quality (i.e., closeness, conflict, and dependency). We also investigated these dimensions as mediators linking emotion situation knowledge and later school readiness. Participants were 303 White and African American preschoolers and their teachers who were also racially diverse. For White preschoolers, teacher–child closeness was more likely and teacher–child conflict and dependency were less likely when their teachers matched them in race. For African American children, teacher–child conflict and dependency were more likely when their teachers matched them in race. Emotion situation knowledge and teacher–child closeness were positively related to later school readiness. Findings are discussed in the context of recommendations for policies and practices encouraging culturally responsive, equitable, and positive social–emotional instructional approaches that motivate, support, and sustain positive teacher–child relationships in early childhood classrooms.
Resilient dynamic output feedback control for bipartite consensus of multiagent systems with Markov switching topologies
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Parivallal Arumugam , Manickavalli Subramanian , Kong Fanchao , Ren Yong
Published: June 2021

This study is systematically devoted to the problem of dynamic output feedback control for bipartite consensus of multiagent systems in the presence of Markov switching topologies. The main purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic output feedback controller with gain fluctuations such that the considered multiagent system achieves bipartite consensus. Notably, the interaction among agents of the considered system is depicted by a signed undirected Markovian switching network topologies. Pursuant to Lyapunov stability theory and algebraic graph theory, sufficient conditions will be derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to obtain the bipartite consensus of the concerned problem. At last, superiority of the designed dynamic output feedback control technique and developed theoretical results are conferred through two numerical examples.
Fatty Acid Vesicles and Coacervates as Model Prebiotic Protocells
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Douliez Jean‐Paul
Published: June 2021

The prebiotic organization of chemicals into compartmentalized ensembles is an essential step to understand the transition from inert molecules to living matter. Compartmentalization is indeed a central property of living systems. Fatty acids represent the simplest prebiotic amphiphiles capable of self‐assembling into membrane‐bound vesicles, and have therefore emerged as valuable molecules to create models of protocellular compartments. Here, the main experimental findings supporting this idea are reviewed, together with approaches to increase the stability of fatty acid vesicles in adverse pH, salt, or temperature conditions. Recent studies on the self‐assembly of fatty acids into membrane‐free coacervate microdroplets are then discussed, providing a promising new paradigm for prebiotic compartmentalization. Lastly, it is also argued that the unique possibility of cycling between fatty acid vesicles and coacervates paves the way to an exciting new hypothesis for the emergence of the first living protocells.
Fibrous Bundles in Biomorph Systems: Surface‐Specific Growth and Interaction with Microposts
Authors: Knoll Pamela , D'Silva Denvert S. , Adeoye Damilola I. , Roper Michael G. , Steinbock Oliver
Published: June 2021

The front cover artwork is provided by the Steinbock group at Florida State University. The image shows a pseudo‐color micrograph of biomorph bundles (cyan) pushing a resin disk (red/cyan) as well as other, partly helical, structures (green). Biomorphs consist of nanostructured BaCO3 and silica. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202000061.
Renormalized holographic entanglement entropy in Lovelock gravity
Authors: Anastasiou Giorgos , Araya Ignacio J. , Mann Robert B. , Olea Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We study the renormalization of Entanglement Entropy in holographic CFTs dual to Lovelock gravity. It is known that the holographic EE in Lovelock gravity is given by the Jacobson-Myers (JM) functional. As usual, due to the divergent Weyl factor in the Fefferman-Graham expansion of the boundary metric for Asymptotically AdS spaces, this entropy functional is infinite. By considering the Kounterterm renormalization procedure, which utilizes extrinsic boundary counterterms in order to renormalize the on-shell Lovelock gravity action for AAdS spacetimes, we propose a new renormalization prescription for the Jacobson-Myers functional. We then explicitly show the cancellation of divergences in the EE up to next-to-leading order in the holographic radial coordinate, for the case of spherical entangling surfaces. Using this new renormalization prescription, we directly find the C−function candidates for odd and even dimensional CFTs dual to Lovelock gravity. Our results illustrate the notable improvement that the Kounterterm method affords over other approaches, as it is non-perturbative and does not require that the Lovelock theory has limiting Einstein behavior.
Black holes and large N complex saddles in 3D-3D correspondence
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Gang Dongmin , Kim Nakwoo
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We study the large N sign oscillation of the twisted indices for 3D theories of class ℛ obtained from M5-branes wrapped on a hyperbolic 3-manifold. Holographically, the oscillatory behavior can be understood from the imaginary part of on-shell actions for the two Euclidean supergravity solutions, Bolt± with p = 0, which are Wick rotation of magnetically charged AdS4 black holes. The two solutions have the same imaginary part with opposite sign. The imaginary part comes from the F ∧ F-term in the supergravity and the coefficient is proportional to the Chern-Simons invariant of 3-manifold. Combining the holographic computation with 3D-3D relation for twisted indices, we propose a non-trivial mathematical conjecture regarding the phase factor of a twisted Reidemeister-Ray-Singer torsion on hyperbolic 3-manifold.
Mixing and combustion at low heat release in large eddy simulations of a reacting shear layer
Authors: Huang J. X. , McMullan W. A.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the mixing and combustion at low-heat release in a turbulent mixing layer are studied numerically using large eddy simulation. The primary aim of this paper is to successfully replicate the flow physics observed in experiments of low-heat release reacting mixing layers, where a duty cycle of hot structures and cool braid regions was observed. The nature of the imposed inflow condition shows a dramatic influence on the mechanisms governing entrainment, and mixing, in the shear layer. An inflow condition perturbed by Gaussian white noise produces a shear layer which entrains fluid through a nibbling mechanism, which has a marching scalar probability density function where the most probable scalar value varies across the layer, and where the mean-temperature rise is substantially over-predicted. A more sophisticated inflow condition produced by a recycling and rescaling method results in a shear layer which entrains fluid through an engulfment mechanism, which has a non-marching scalar probability density function where a preferred scalar concentration is present across the thickness of the layer, and where the mean-temperature rise is predicted to a good degree of accuracy. The latter simulation type replicates all of the flow physics observed in the experiment. Extensive testing of subgrid-scale models, and simple combustion models, shows that the WALE model coupled with the Steady Laminar Flamelet model produces reliable predictions of mixing layer diffusion flames undergoing with fast chemistry.
WWII traumatic events, subjective well-being and valuation of life in the very old
Authors: Hauber Daniel , Kaspar Roman , Zank Susanne
Published: June 2021

Background

Experiencing war is a major trigger for physical and mental health problems. People in the German population who are currently over 80 years of age experienced the Second World War (WWII) as children or adolescents, at a time when psychological vulnerability is high. Empirical results show that positive subjective well-being (SWB) and valuation of life (VoL) in older cohorts are widespread; however, when confronted with existential age-associated changes, many older adults experience increased burden, sometimes bringing biographical vulnerabilities to the forefront. This study investigated SWB and VoL in the very old and examined the influence of negative WWII experiences on these outcomes.

Method

Cross-sectional data from the “Survey on quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW80+)” are presented. Multiple regression models, adjusted for gender, age, physical health, and full inpatient care, were computed to assess the impact of suffering from the effects of WWII traumatic experiences on SWB and VoL.

Results

Over 13% spontaneously reported suffering from the effects of WWII events and an additional 29% reported negative experiences when explicitly asked about them. Multiple regression models showed elevated depression scores for participants suffering from the effects of WWII traumatic events. No association with positive affect was found. Suffering from the effects of WWII traumatic events did not influence VoL engagement with life or VoL optimism.

Discussion

Many very old adults still seem to struggle with the repercussions of WWII traumatic experiences. Future studies could further examine if the missing association with positive affect and VoL is a sign of resilience.
Correction to: Screening of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes: high‑risk subgroups and areas for improvements—the STRONG observational study
Authors: Napoli Angela , Sciacca Laura , Pintaudi Basilio , Tumminia Andrea , Dalfrà Maria Grazia , Festa Camilla , Formoso Gloria , Fresa Raffaella , Graziano Giusi , Lencioni Cristina , Nicolucci Antonio , Rossi Maria Chiara , Succurro Elena , Sculli Maria Angela , Scavini Marina , Vitacolonna Ester , Bonomo Matteo , Torlone Elisabetta ,   the STRONG Study Collaborators and the AMD-SID Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group, Napoli Angela , Bitterman Olimpia , Festa Camilla , Giuliani Chiara , Bonomo Matteo , Pintaudi Basilio , Cimino Elena , Mion Elena , Marcone Teresa , Lencioni Cristina , Di Cianni Graziano , Sciacca Laura , Tumminia Andrea , Milluzzo Agostino , Vitacolonna Ester , Fraticelli Federica , Franzago Marica , Dodesini Alessandro Roberto , Ciriello Elena , Dalfrà Mariagrazia , Lapolla Annunziata , Fresa Raffaella , Grassi Aurora , Limone Paolo , Nuzzi Annamaria , Masha Andi , Grimaldi Laura , Biglino Sara , Ansaldi Egle , Battezzati Maurizia , Meregalli Giancarla , De Mori Valentina , Berzi Denise , Bossi Antonio , Baggi Viviana , Lovati Elisabetta , Quarleri Lara , Romanelli Tiziana , Clementi Silvia , Nicolao Ilaria , Zambotti Francesca , Lombardi Simonetta , Costa Silvana , Tommasi Chiara , Rancan Silvia , Lisato Giovanna , Bordon Paola , Turazzi Daniela , Mollo Francesco , Grimaldi Franco , Tonutti Laura , Agus Sandra , Falivene Maria Rosaria , Versari Giorgio , Corsi Laura , Delucchi Maria , Ratto Luisa , Magotti Maria Grazia , Frusca Tiziana , Haddoub Silvia , Suprani Alice , Mori Mary , Vita Maria Grazia , Di Biase Nicolina , Bertolotto Alessandra , Aragona Michele , Bianchi Cristina , Lacaria Emilia , Guarino Elisa , Monaci Federica , Dotta Francesco , Torlone Elisabetta , Lalli Carlo , Di Loreto Chiara , Scarponi Maura , Del Prete Angela , Leotta Sergio , Coletta Iolanda , Abbruzzese Santina , Montani Valeria , Cannarsa Emanuela , Contini Pierpaolo , Vero Raffaella , Oliverio Rosa , Scavini Marina , Dozio Nicoletta , Imbergamo Maria Pia , Cordera Renzo , Affinito Laura , Maggi Davide , Bordone Caterina , Fochesato Elena , Pissarelli Alessandra , Libera Eros , Morano Susanna , Filardi Tiziana , Fallarino Mara
Published: June 2021

Authors would like to correct the error in their publication.
Mangelernährung bei geriatrischen Patient*innen: Risikofaktor stationäre Langzeitpflege?
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wolke Reinhold
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund

Mangelernährung ist ein nach wie vor herausforderndes Problem in der Krankenhausversorgung, speziell bei geriatrischen Patient*innen. Dennoch findet das Thema in der Praxis nur wenig Beachtung.

Ziel und Methodik

Im Zentrum der vorliegenden Datenanalyse steht die Fragestellung, inwiefern sich der Ernährungsstatus von zuhause lebenden geriatrischen Patient*innen, von in der stationären Pflege lebenden, unterscheidet. Hierfür wurden Daten aus insgesamt 4 Erhebungen (3-mal nutritionDay plus eine zusätzliche Erhebung) zusammengefasst. Es konnten 258 Patient*innen (≥ 65 Jahre) in die Auswertung aufgenommen werden; ein Mangelernährungsrisiko wurde anhand des Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), eine manifeste Mangelernährung anhand der ESPEN-Kriterien festgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Zu Hause leben 86,0 % (n = 222) der Patient*innen, in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen 14,0 % (n = 36). Die in der stationären Pflege lebenden Patient*innen weisen eine ausgeprägtere Morbidität auf, sichtbar anhand der größeren Anzahl an in der Klinik verbrachten Nächten in den letzten 12 Monaten (Mdn 10,0 vs. 5; p 0,007), der höheren Anzahl der Medikamente (Mdn 9,0 vs. 7,0; p 0,002) sowie stärkeren Einschränkungen beim Gehen (Mdn 3,0 vs. 1,0; p < 0,001). Sie sind signifikant älter (Mdn 86,0 vs. 78,0 Jahre; p < 0,001) und weisen einen tendenziell höheren Anteil manifester Mangelernährung auf (35,7 %; n = 10 vs. 20,1 %; n = 40; p 0,062).

Schlussfolgerung

Sowohl zu Hause als auch in der stationären Langzeitpflege lebende geriatrische Patient*innen weisen einen erheblichen Anteil an Mangelernährung auf. Ein zuverlässig durchgeführtes Screening zu Beginn und im Verlauf des Klinikaufenthaltes ist in jedem Fall dringend erforderlich, da nur so die Betroffenen erkannt werden. Ein regelmäßiges Screening im ambulanten Bereich wie auch der stationären Langzeitpflege ist ebenso erforderlich.
Feasibility study of a diesel-powered hybrid DMU
Authors: Magelli Matteo , Boccardo Giuseppe , Bosso Nicola , Zampieri Nicolò , Farina Pierangelo , Tosetto Andrea , Mocera Francesco , Somà Aurelio
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the interest in hybrid vehicles is constantly increasing, not only in the automotive sector, but also in other transportation systems, to reduce pollution and emissions and to improve the overall efficiency of the vehicles. Although railway vehicles are typically the most eco-friendly transportation system, since commonly their primary energy source is electricity, they can still gain benefits from hybrid technologies, as many lines worldwide are not electrified. In fact, hybrid solutions allow ICE-powered (internal combustion engine) railway vehicles, such as diesel multiple units (DMUs), to operate in full-electric mode even when the track lacks electrification. The possibility to switch to full electric mode is of paramount importance when the vehicle runs on urban or underground track sections, where low or zero emission levels are required. We conduct the feasibility study of hybridization of an existing DMU vehicle, designed by Blue Engineering S.r.l., running on the Aosta–Torino Italian railway line, which includes a non-electrified urban track section and an electrified underground section. The hybridization is obtained by replacing one of the diesel generators installed on the original vehicle with a battery pack, which ensures the vehicle to operate in full-electric mode to complete its mission profile. The hybridization is also exploited to implement a regenerative braking strategy, which allows an increase in the energetical efficiency of the vehicle up to 18%. This work shows the sizing of the battery pack based on dynamic simulations performed on the Turin underground track section, and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the hybridization process.
Bio-inspired Fog Harvesting Materials: Basic Research and Bionic Potential Applications
Authors: Wan Kui , Gou Xuelian , Guo Zhiguang
Published: June 2021

With the explosive growth of the world’s population and the rapid increase in industrial water consumption, the world’s water supply has fallen into crisis. The shortage of fresh water resources has become a global problem, especially in arid regions. In nature, many organisms can collect water from foggy water under harsh conditions, which provides us with inspiration for the development of new functional fog harvesting materials. A large number of bionic special wettable synthetic surfaces are synthesized for water mist collection. In this review, we introduce some water collection phenomena in nature, outline the basic theories of biological water harvesting, and summarize six mechanisms of biological water collection: increased surface wettability, increased water transmission area, long-distance water delivery, water accumulation and storage, condensation promotion, and gravity-driven. Then, the water collection mechanisms of three typical organisms and their synthesis are discussed. And their function, water collection efficiency, new developments in their biomimetic materials are narrated, which are cactus, spider and desert beetles. The study of multiple bionics was inspired by the discovery of Nepenthes’ moist and smooth peristome. The excellent characteristics of a variety of biological water collection structures, combined with each other, are far superior to other single synthetic surfaces. Furthermore, the main problems in the preparation and application of biomimetic fog harvesting materials and the future development trend of materials fog harvesting are prospected.
The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Authors: McDougall Carrie
Published: June 2021

After the crime of aggression was adopted under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Carrie McDougall used her intimate involvement in the crime's negotiations, combined with extensive scholarly reflection to produce the first and most comprehensive academic study. This updated second edition offers an exhaustive and sophisticated legal analysis of the crime's definition, as well as the provisions governing the ICC's exercise of jurisdiction over the crime. It explores the desirability of holding individuals to account for unlawful uses of inter-State armed force, the geo-political significance of the crime and a range of practical issues likely to arise in prosecutions before both the ICC and domestic courts. This book is highly relevant to all academics and practitioners interested in the crime of aggression, as well as broader issues relating to the prohibition of the use of force, international criminal law and the ICC.
The Psychology of Inner Peace
Authors: Fatemi Sayyed Mohsen
Published: June 2021

This book maps out the relationship between the discovery of heartfulness and the psychology of inner peace. It presents a rigorous psychological analysis of the underlying components of the psychology of inner peace and the role of innerness in addressing the nature of peace. Alternative theories are introduced that discuss the conceptualization of peace, and their merits are outlined in comparison to more mainstream psychological theories. The author highlights the inadequacies of mind-oriented theories on peace and demonstrates the concept of heartfulness to show how genuine peace can be achieved.
Power and Responsibility: Royalty and the Performing Arts in Asante-Ghana
Authors: Ampene Kwasi
Published: June 2021

In all Akan polities, ancestral Black Stools, which belong to the matriclan, are the source of political power and legitimize kingship. Due to the sacred and exclusive nature of stool rituals, Ampene argues that it is the performing arts which define and enhance the power of rulers in the public domain. This ethnographic narrative of the 2014 Grand Worship provides a rare opportunity for the performing arts to project the power and responsibility of the Asantehene when he participates in musical performances and dances.
Association between antibiotic prescribing and visit duration among patients with respiratory tract infections
Authors: Shapiro Daniel J. , King Laura M. , Tsay Sharon V. , Hicks Lauri A. , Hersh Adam L.
Published: June 2021

Time constraints have been suggested as a potential driver of antibiotic overuse for acute respiratory tract infections. In this cross-sectional analysis of national data from visits to offices and emergency departments, we identified no statistically significant association between antibiotic prescribing and the duration of visits for acute respiratory tract infections.
Offenbach, Pépito and the Théâtre des Variétés: Politics and Genre in the First Year of the Second Empire
Authors: Sherr Richard
Published: June 2021

Offenbach's first commercially performed dramatic work, the opéra comique Pépito, premiered in Paris at the Théâtre des Variétés on 28 October 1853. This article examines it from historical and musical perspectives. First, I argue that its production at the Théâtre des Variétés is an example of what Mark Everist has called ‘the politics of genre’, in this case the attempts by managers of Parisian boulevard theatres to circumvent the hierarchical system of genre imposed on them by the government. Offenbach may have been directly complicit by offering an opéra comique to a theatre that was legally not allowed to perform the genre and by supplying a musical element – ‘local colour’ – as part of the political strategy by which the manager of the Variétés sneaked the opéra comique past the authorities. The subterfuge did not work, however: I argue that Pépito was recognised by audiences as an opéra comique primarily through the character of its music. A discussion of the score, and the musical competence of the original cast and orchestra of the Variétés, allows a partial reconstruction of the actual sound of the first performance of Pépito. Finally, I consider the later history of Pépito, and in a postscript suggest that a faint memory of Offenbach's Spanish opéra comique may have resurfaced twenty-two years later when Georges Bizet, who became part of Offenbach's circle in the late 1850s, was composing his own Spanish opéra comique, Carmen.
Regret Without Limit: The Ends of Agency and Genre in George Eliot'sMiddlemarch
Authors: Rajan Supritha
Published: June 2021

Using George Eliot'sMiddlemarch(1871–72) as its primary textual example, this essay considers regret as an emotion that responds, simultaneously, to our inability to control the consequences of our actions and our enduring responsibility toward others. Regret, in this context, exposes the inherent constraints that Enlightenment models of autonomy face. The essay further argues that this experience of regret and endless responsibility potentially results in a retreat from acting altogether—a retreat that manifests itself generically in Romantic and post-Romantic poetics as the bifurcation of lyric and narrative.Middlemarchthus not only invites us to consider the relationship between autonomy and regret but also how genre theory can be understood as a pragmatics of action.