bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for the delay of food spoilage in copper-bearing antibacterial wares: A focused review
Authors: Kolawole Sharafadeen Kunle , Etim Ini-Ibehe N. , Uzoma Paul C. , Ekerenam Okpo O. , Emori Wilfred , Ikeuba Alexander I. , Udoh Inime I. , Njoku Chigoziri N. , Njoku Demian I. , Olanrele Olajire S. , Okonkwo Bright , Etim Iniobong P. , Daniel Enobong F.
Published: September 2023

Microorganisms are implicated in the irreversible degradation that
usually occurs during the distribution and storage of food items. This
action proceeds as biological and/or chemical reactions in foods,
handling wares, and food processing facilities, and are also dependent
on other several environmental factors. This review discusses the main
mechanisms involved in the loss of food quality for most important food
items, including the growth and associated metabolism of microorganisms
resulting in the possible changes, formation of toxic compounds with
adverse biological effects, and the subsequent counteractive effects of
antibacterial elements used in food handling (with emphasis on copper).
Meanwhile, as food spoilage poses a huge economic burden worldwide,
evidence shows that the knowledge of spoilage mechanisms and food
interactions with microorganisms is still limited, and in effect,
perspectives and outlooks are presented as guides for the future design
of wares for food handling applications.
Cell Encapsulation using Layer by Layer assembly of Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Saberi Azadeh , Hasani-sadrabadi Mohamadmahdi , Bonakdar Shahin , Keshvari Hamid
Published: September 2023

In cell encapsulation, a suitable environment is provided for cell
growth, proliferation and differentiation. Alginate hydrogel is an ideal
medium for encapsulating cells and facilitating the production of
cartilage tissue due to its desirable properties. Also using Layer by
layer assembly of polyelectrolytes on microcapsules could be an ordinary
imitation of zonal organization of cartilage and force hypoxia to cells
encapsulated. In this project, alginate and chitosan, which are
structurally similar to glycosaminoglycans, were assembled layer by
layer on alginate microcapsules containing mesenchymal stem cells. The
formation of these nanolayers was checked using uv-vis absorption
technique and the amount of water absorption of different samples was
determined within a week. FESEM images showed that the microcapsules
have a completely porous and interconnected structure and the cells were
well entrapped inside them. The results of AO/PI staining revealed that
the cells showed viability for 7 days. The results of alcian blue
staining, antibody staining and the expression of genes demonstrated
that cartilaginous differentiation has occurred completely in the S10
sample, which has maximum number of nanolayers. These results showed
that the hypoxia applied due to the assembly of nanolayers has an
effective role in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into
chondrocyte cells.
Simultaneous CABG and anterior resection: The first clinical case of treatment of a patient with CAD and colon cancer in Kazakhstan.
Authors: Abdikarimov Anuar , Shayakhmetov Yerzhan , Bekenova Aigerim , Kalina Vitaliy , Tuganbekov Turlybek , Baissalbayeva Ainur
Published: September 2023

Heart diseases and oncologic diseases are more often found
simultaneously worldwide. There is an increasing tendency of both
diseases’ incidence due to better diagnostic approaches and increasing
aging population. Patients often come to hospital to treat one disease,
but during preparation to surgery are found to have another additional.
The present study represents the clinical case of patients with
concomitant heart and colon disease. The patient underwent simultaneous
surgery: CABG and laparoscopic anterior resection. The post-operative
period went well with no complications. Patient was discharged with
recommendations and referred to further rehabilitation. The chosen
treatment method is consistent by many studies and was the best option
for our patient.
Shelf-life of Biodiesel by Isothermal Oxidation Induction Period at Variable Temperatures
Authors: Dunn R. O.
Published: September 2023

Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters [FAME]) is a renewable
biomass-based diesel (BBD) fuel made from plant oils, animal fats and
waste greases. Its production continues to increase globally, especially
with more countries moving to increase the use of renewable fuels. One
of the main disadvantages of biodiesel is its relatively poor oxidative
stability. During longer periods of storage at fuel terminals or in
vehicle tanks and fuel systems, biodiesel can react with oxygen in
ambient air, leading to degradation that can adversely affect its
viscosity and ignition quality. The shelf-life of biodiesel is an
important property that can determine the conditions such as how long it
can be stored at low temperatures. The objective of this work is to
develop mathematical equations to estimating the shelf-life of biodiesel
at T = 25 °C. This was done by measuring the induction period by
Rancimat instrument (IP ) at different temperatures and
extrapolating the results using two types of linear models. Model
equations were developed from regression analysis performed on results
for canola, palm and soybean oil-FAME (CaME, PME and SME), methyl oleate
(MeC18:1) and methyl linoleate (MeC18:2). The best results from
confirmation analysis were obtained for Model B type equations.
This model type correlated ln(IP ) with inverse T (T
) data and provided the most realistic estimates of
the shelf-life (SL ) of the five FAME studied in this
work.
The Contribution of the Region of Residence to the Inequality of Opportunity in the Utilization of Reproductive Healthcare Services in Cameroon: An Analysis from the DHS data of 2011 and 2018
Authors: TCHAKOUNTÉ Dimitri , MOKAM Blandine , AKONO Christian ZAMO , KAMGA Benjamin FOMBA
Published: September 2023

Objective: The objective of this paper is to evaluate and
analyze the contribution of the region of residence to the inequality of
opportunity (IOp) in the utilization of reproductive healthcare services
(RHCS) in Cameroon. Data source: The data used come from the
last two Demographic and Health Surveys carried out in Cameroon in 2011
and 2018. Study design: The Human Opportunity Index (HOI) and
the Dissimilarity Index (D-Index) are used to assess the level of IOp in
the utilization of antenatal, delivery and postnatal healthcare. The
Shapley decomposition method is used to estimate the contributions of
circumstances to IOp. Principal findings: Findings show that
between 2011 and 2018, HOI increased slightly for antenatal care and the
place of delivery, and increased considerably for postnatal care.
D-index is higher for the place of delivery and it fell slightly for all
the reproductive healthcare outcomes between 2011 and 2018. Results of
the Shapley decomposition show that (i) the region of residence
is the circumstance factor with the highest contribution to the IOp no
matter the reproductive healthcare outcome, and (ii) this
contribution decreased between 2011 and 2018. Conclusion: This
paper therefore recommends to the Government the gradual extension of
the health voucher programme, implemented only in the three
northern regions, to the other regions to make it possible to balance
the access to adequate reproductive health care between the regions.
Heavy grazing led to the decrease of competitive intensity relationships among dominant populations of clustered grasses in a desert steppe
Authors: Wang Zihan , Lv Shijie , Liu Hongmei , Chen Chen , Li Zhiguo , Wang Zhongwu , Han Guodong
Published: October 2023

Stipa breviflora (Stipa breviflora Griseb.) and Cleistogenes songorica
(Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev.) Ohwi) are two dominant species in the
critically important desert steppe of northern China. Under the
interference of grazing, the two species will have the phenomenon of
plant cluster fragmentation to varying degrees. Therefore, when the two
plant populations appear in the same plant community, what changes will
happen in the inter-specific relationship during grazing has important
guiding significance for its regulation of plant community and function.
To study this, we observed populations of wild S. breviflora and C.
songorica in field under a suite of grazing intensities and at a variety
of scales. The density changes of dominant species S. breviflora and C.
songorica in desert steppe in Inner Mongolia were studied under four
grazing intensities (no grazing, CK, 0 sheep·ha-1·half year-1, light
grazing, LG, 0.93 sheep·ha-1·half year-1, moderate grazing, MG, 1.82
sheep·ha-1·half year-1, heavy grazing, HG, 2.71 sheep·ha-1·half year-1)
and six scales (5 cm×5 cm, 10 cm×10 cm, 20 cm×20 cm, 25 cm×25 cm, 50
cm×50 cm and 100 cm×100 cm). Results showed that grazing changes the
relationship between dominant species. With the increase of grazing
intensity, the densities of S. breviflora and C. songorica increased,
and the increase was more obvious with the increase of scale. Under
heavy grazing conditions, the dominant populations of clustered grasses
in Inner Mongolia desert steppe resisted the interference of
high-intensity grazing by reducing inter-specific competition ability
(increasing inter-specific affinity).
Adding machine learning to the MIP toolkit: Predictor importance for hydrological fluxes of Global Hydrological and Land Surface Models
Authors: Brêda João Paulo Lyra Fialho , Melsen Lieke Anna , Athanasiadis Ioannis , vanDijk Albert , Siqueira Vinícius Alencar , Verhoef Anne , Zeng Yijian
Published: September 2023

Global Hydrological and Land Surface Models (GHM/LSMs) embody numerous
interacting predictors and equations, complicating the diagnosis of
primary hydrological relationships. We propose a model diagnostic
approach based on Random Forest feature importance to detect the input
variables that most influence simulated hydrological processes. We
analyzed the JULES, ORCHIDEE, HTESSEL, SURFEX and PCR-GLOBWB models for
the relative importance of precipitation, climate, soil, land cover and
topographic slope as predictors of simulated average evaporation,
runoff, and surface and subsurface runoffs. The machine learning model
could reproduce GHM/LSMs outputs with a coefficient of determination
over 0.85 in all cases and often considerably better. The GHM/LSMs
agreed precipitation, climate and land cover share equal importance for
evaporation prediction, and mean precipitation is the most important
predictor of runoff. However, the GHM/LSMs disagreed on which features
determine surface and subsurface runoff processes, especially with
regards to the relative importance of soil texture and topographic
slope.
Development of practical measures to improve the qualifications of university teachers in a changing educational environment
Authors: Gadzaova Ludmila , Goverdovskaya Elena , Alisultanova Esmira , Moiseenko Natalya , Peykarova Natalia
Published: September 2023

The growing change in standards in higher education is a consequence of the improvement of technologies, social trends, and growing digitalization. Professional development, which is becoming increasingly important in the field of higher education, is aimed at adapting to such a dynamic development, especially affecting teachers. The purpose of this article is to consider the demand for advanced training of university teachers and efforts aimed at meeting the increased requirements for advanced training of personnel in the higher education system. Thus, the authors consider the process of professional development in the field of improving subject knowledge. The authors conclude that professional development becomes a strategic necessity for teachers in a specific context and can be implemented, on the one hand, by considering the expectations and wishes of the participants and, on the other hand, by ensuring the sustainable institutionalization of the concept of professional development.
Métodos de avaliação de aprendizagem remota implementados durante a COVID-19
Authors: Yakimova Svetlana , Chernova Oxana , Burovkina Lyudmila , Prishchepa Alexander , Ponomarenko Egor , Altunina Julia
Published: September 2023

O objetivo do artigo é analisar os métodos avaliativos utilizados pelas universidades para avaliar o conhecimento adquirido pelos alunos durante o ensino a distância em meio à pandemia do COVID-19. Os autores extraíram insights de artigos e relatórios científicos para entender a eficiência e eficácia desses métodos, considerando as restrições de emergência em vigor. De acordo com os resultados do estudo, as ferramentas mais utilizadas para administrar testes on-line foram as sessões remotas professor-aluno via Zoom e a administração de testes por meio do Moodle. Conclui-se que, como o aprendizado remoto continua ganhando popularidade, as universidades devem reconhecer a importância de manter a integridade acadêmica. As avaliações on-line oferecem vários benefícios, incluindo maior flexibilidade, acessibilidade e economia, tornando-as um substituto viável para as avaliações tradicionais em sala de aula, principalmente em situações em que as interações face a face são impossíveis.
Effect of TED Talks videos on the effectiveness of teaching English monologue speech to management students
Authors: Mikova Svetlana , Petrukovich Liubov , Akimova Olga , Stepanova Galina , Lobanova Valentina , Karmanova Zhanat
Published: September 2023

At present, a key role in teaching English is played using TED Talks video materials. They provide ample opportunities to develop and improve students' speech skills and ability to understand English in an engaging and informative way. The study aims to assess the impact of using contemporary media content from TED Talks on improving the effectiveness of training management students in English-language monologue speaking. The presented experimental results confirm the efficiency of teaching English-language monologue speech to university students with the use of the Ted Talks video hosting platform.
Pistas para um Modelo Pedagógico para Educação OnLife com Foco no Personal Learning Environment (PLE)
Authors: Steyer Daiana , Bassani Patrícia Scherer , Behar Patrícia Alejandra
Published: October 2023

Os objetivos deste estudo envolvem identificar aproximações entre as perspectivas da Educação OnLife e Personal Learning Environment (PLE) e elaborar pistas que auxiliem na busca de um modelo pedagógico (MP) para práticas educacionais mediadas por tecnologia. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e eminentemente teórica, foi realizada em três etapas: a) levantamento teórico; b) estabelecimento de relações entre os enfoques Educação OnLife e PLE; c) definições das pistas para o modelo pedagógico com base no cruzamento dos dados. Identificou-se que as pistas delineadas podem ampliar aspectos do MP (Behar et al., 2019). As pistas podem ser sintetizadas em: trabalho cartográfico para práticas inventivas (organizacional); curadoria de conteúdo digital (conteúdo); acoplamento do humano com as tecnologias digitais (metodológico); tecnologias devem permear o enriquecimento do PLE (tecnológico).
Reflection and Creativity Levels in Active Social Media Users
Authors: Khrestina V. V. , Grishina A. V. , Davydova M. A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. This article, as one of the few research articles, explores the interrelation between creativity and participation in social network. It also studies the level of reflection in active virtual space users. The need for investigation is justified by the explosion in the number of social media users over the 2021 to 2022 period.

Purpose. In our work, we will do research on the relationship between activity on social media and levels of reflection and creativity in active social media users.

Materials and Methods. To achieve practical objectives, we used several psychological methods: The Differential Test of Reflexivity (DTR) by D. A. Leontiev and E. N. Osin, Diagnostics of Trait Creativity by E. E. Tunik, and the authors’ questionnaire for social media participation measure. The Mann-Whitney test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were chosen as mathematical statistics tools. 145 respondents of different age and occupation, students of the “Media Communications and Multimedia Technologies” faculty, and freelancers participated in the study.

Results. We found that active users have higher scores on the “Quasi-reflection” scale. They distract themselves by diving in a virtual world that is full of affairs and experience, but has no relation to the real-life concerns. The level of creativity in active and inactive social media users does not have a significant difference.

 Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained do not go in accordance with previously conducted studies on the interrelation between creativity and reflection in social media users, nor between activity in the network and reflection level. Therefore, the present research pushes the envelope on psychological characteristics of the personality, reveal themselves in social media, and influence behaviour in virtual social space. Our work expands the diagnostic program for research on psychological predictors of the information behaviour of the personality.
Reflection as a Predictor of Attitude Towards Time Perspective
Authors: Godunov M. V. , Komerova N. E.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Reflection stands as an ability to self-analyze, critically comprehend the present, and predict the future. It helps a person to cope with a situation of uncertainty, therefore, justifies the study on this matter. In our article, we considered the works of Russian and foreign scientists regarding reflection, self-observation, and attitude towards time perspective. However, it appears that the connection between leading type of reflection and attitude towards time perspective remains undiscovered.

Purpose. We will study the relationship between reflection type and attitude towards time perspective in youth.

Materials and Methods. The following methods were chosen: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; “The Image of a Possible Future” method (V. N. Petrova), “Differential Type of Reflection” (D. A. Leontiev, E. M. Lapteva, E. N. Osin, A. Z. Salikhova); and “Life-Purpose Orientations” test (D. A. Leontiev). For the statistical analysis, we used Kruskall-Wallis H test.

Results. Examination of the answers (n=228) revealed the differences in attitude towards time perspective in the respondents with different types of reflection (systematic reflection, quasi-reflection, introspection). Thus, quasi-reflection as a leading reflection type expresses itself in higher focus on the future, daydreaming about it, and searching for the hedonism in the present. The predominance of introspection is seen through difficulties in understanding past experiences, belief in the force of circumstances, and a lower level of satisfaction with the process and result of life. Systematic reflection distinguishes itself in high level of self-awareness, personal maturity, shaped goals in life, and life-purpose orientations clearness.

Discussion and Conclusion. In this section, we justify the accuracy of the results obtained. Significant differences were found in the groups: “fatalistic present”, “life process”, “life productivity”, “locus of control self” and “locus of control life”. It confirms that reflection serves as one of the factors associated with attitude towards time perspective. The results can be applied in study courses made for university students’ subject “Psychology of the Life Path”.
Psychological Support of Common Educational Space Development for Donbas and the Russian Federation
Authors: Kolobova S. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the aspects of psychological support in the creation of a common educational space for Donbas and the Russian Federation considering the new social and political conditions. The “canceling” of the Russian culture from the side of western countries and the strain geopolitical situation justify the urgency of the creation and further development of the space for Donbas and the Russian Federation. In this section, we focus on the role of psychological support in the establishment of the new educational system considering increased stress conditions.

Purpose. In our work, we will consider conceptual issues and fundamental principles of psychological support modernization for the development of the common educational space for Donbas and the Russian Federation.

Theoretical Justification. The main purposes of modernization and enhancement of the psychological support system in educational establishments are described there. Special focus is put on educational psychologist’s functions in teaching facilities: diagnostics of students’ psychoemotional state; consulting for parents and teachers; the creation of friendly psychological environment; psychological protection for school and university students, and others. There are issues that negatively impact effective psychological support of students: the lack of awareness regarding the presence of such help in the educational establishment; students’ low level of trust to psychologists and the fear that third-party entities can possess the information obtained during the counselling; as well as the lack of easy and swift access to a psychologist.

Discussion. We suggest the development of express psychological support strategies for educational establishments and the creation of a psychological counseling service. Early identification of potential problem with the help of preventive diagnostic means, development of rapid response algorithm, establishment of organizational aspects, creation of suitable conditions for privacy protection, as well as access easement to psychological support, represent the assembly that configures foundation of the service mentioned above.
Optimization of Geometric Characteristics of Cycloidal Profiles of Gerotor Hydraulic Machines
Authors: Kireev S. O. , Lebedev A. R. , Korchagina M. V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The performance and reliability of gerotor hydraulic machines depend on the geometry of the cycloidal gearing  profile.  The  existing  methods  of  calculating  and  optimizing  the  profile  parameters  are  cumbersome,  multicriteria and difficult for practical application. Therefore, the problem of creating the methodology for calculating the parameters of the gerotor machine profile suitable for engineering calculations at the stage of conceptual design is a challenge. In this regard, the objective of this work was to modernize the methodology for designing the geometry of the profiles of the end section  of  hypocycloidal  gears  used  in  gerotor  hydraulic  machines,  and  to  analyze  the possibilities of their optimization during preliminary design. In  the  course  of  the  study,  the  Mathcad  computer mathematics  system  was  used; numerical  experiments  were  carried out to study the influence of geometric profile parameters  on  the  performance  and  operability  of  the  gerotor  hydraulic  machine,  based  on  the  data  obtained  and analyzed; recommendations for the design of optimal profiles of the end section of gerotor hydraulic machines were developed.

Materials and Methods. Materials included known methods of profile parameters calculation, based on application of classical  formulas  of  hypocycloidal  equidistant  used  for  outlining  profiles  of  teeth  of  working  elements  of gerotor machines. The basic research method was modeling the gerotor machine profile using Mathcad computer mathematics system. Calculated data were obtained for the selected ranges of varying parameters, processed through the univariate regression analysis.

Results. An algorithm for analyzing the tooth profile smoothness was developed. Two target parameters were defined: the cross-sectional area of the end profile, which affects the productivity; the smallest reduced radius of contact that determines operability  of  the  working  body.  A  technique  for  calculating  the  target  parameters  at  the  early  stage  of design was proposed. A number of optimal values of profile parameters according to the criteria of productivity and operability of gerotor machine was obtained. The dependences providing the optimum values of profile parameters at the stage of designing were constructed.

Discussion and Conclusion. The developed methodology makes it possible to obtain an assessment of the performance and operability of the gerotor hydraulic machine at the design stage of the working body. The research results can be used  in  mechanical  engineering  when  designing  gerotor  hydraulic  machines  in  order  to  improve  their  technical  and operational characteristics.
3D Human Motion Capture Method Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Obukhov A. D. , Dedov D. L. , Surkova E. O. , Korobova I. L.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The analysis of approaches to tracking the human body identified problems when capturing movements in a three-dimensional coordinate system. The prospects of motion capture systems based on computer vision are noted. In existing  studies  on  markerless  motion  capture  systems,  positioning  is  considered  only  in  two-dimensional  space. Therefore, the research objective is to increase the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the human body in three-dimensional  coordinates  through  developing  a  motion  capture  method  based  on  computer  vision  and  triangulation algorithms.

Materials and Methods.  A  method  of  motion  capture  was  presented,  including  calibration  of  several  cameras  and formalization of procedures for detecting a person in a frame using a convolutional neural network. Based on the skeletal points obtained from the neural network, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the human body model was carried out using various triangulation algorithms.

Results. Experimental studies have been carried out comparing four triangulation algorithms: direct linear transfer, linear least squares method, L2 triangulation, and polynomial methods. The optimal triangulation algorithm (polynomial) was determined, providing an error of no more than 2.5 pixels or 1.67 centimeters.

Discussion and Conclusion. The shortcomings of existing motion capture systems were revealed. The proposed method was aimed at improving the accuracy of motion capture in three-dimensional coordinates using computer vision. The results obtained were integrated into the human body positioning software in three-dimensional coordinates for use in virtual simulators, motion capture systems and remote monitoring.
Model of a Parallel-Pipeline Computational Process for Solving a System of Grid Equations
Authors: Litvinov V. N. , Rudenko N. B. , Gracheva N. N.
Published: October 2023

Introduction.  Environmental  problems  arising  in  shallow  waters  and  caused  by  both  natural  and  man-made  factors annually do significant damage to aquatic systems and coastal territories. It is possible to identify these problems in a timely manner, as well as ways to eliminate them, using modern computing systems. But earlier studies have shown that the resources of computing systems using only a central processor are not enough to solve large scientific problems, in particular, to predict major environmental accidents, assess the damage caused by them, and determine the possibilities of their elimination. For these purposes, it is proposed to use models of the computing system and decomposition of the computational domain to develop an algorithm for parallel-pipeline calculations. The research objective was to create a model of a parallel-conveyor computational process for solving a system of grid equations by a modified alternating-triangular iterative method using the decomposition of a three-dimensional uniform computational grid that takes into account technical characteristics of the equipment used for calculations.

Materials and Methods. Mathematical models of the computer system and computational grid were developed. The decomposition model of the computational domain was made taking into account the characteristics of a heterogeneous system. A parallel-pipeline method for solving a system of grid equations by a modified alternating-triangular iterative method was proposed.

Results. A program was written in the CUDA C language that implemented a parallel-pipeline method for solving a system of grid equations by a modified alternating-triangular iterative method. The experiments performed showed that with an increase in the number of threads, the computation time decreased, and when decomposing the computational grid, it was rational to split into fragments along coordinate  z  by a value not exceeding 10. The results of the experiments proved the efficiency of the developed parallel-pipeline method.

Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the research, a model of a parallel-pipeline computing process was developed using  the  example  of  one  of  the  most  time-consuming  stages  of  solving  a  system  of  grid  equations  by  a  modified alternating-triangular  iterative  method.  Its  construction  was  based  on  decomposition  models  of  a  three-dimensional uniform  computational  grid,  which  took  into  account  the  technical  characteristics  of  the  equipment  used  in  the calculations. This program can provide you for the acceleration of the calculation process and even loading of program flows  in  time.  The  conducted  numerical  experiments  validated  the  mathematical  model  of  decomposition  of  the computational domain.
Karakterisasi asap cair dari serasah daun kering di lingkungan Universitas Lampung [Characterization of liquid smoke from dry leaf litter in Lampung University]
Authors: Suroso Erdi , Al Rasyid Harun , Utomo Tanto Pratondo , Ritonga Dinda Nur Annisa , Anungputri Pramita Sari
Published: September 2023

One solution to reduce leaf litter is to process it into liquid smoke. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of liquid smoke from various types of dry leaves. The type of leaves used in this study were teak, fern, Spanish cherry, and crepe myrtle-dried leaves. Treatment of pyrolysis gave three types of products. The smoke liquid yields of dried teak leaves were 12,44%, dried Spanish cherry leaves were 12.92%, dried fern leaves were 13,39%, and dried crape myrtle leaves were 35.22%. The charcoal yields from teak, fern, Spanish cherry, and crape myrtle-dried leaves were 40.585%, 35.871%, 40.723%, and 18.797%. While the rest was tar with yields of 0.820% from dried teak leaves, 0.869% from dried fern leaves, 0.790% from dried Spanish cherry leaves, and 1.774% from dried crape myrtle leaves. The residual dry leaf debris of dried teak was 53.938%, dried fern leaves 51.385%, dried Spanish cherry leaves 54.326%, and dried crape myrtle leaves 54.210%. The pH of smoke liquor from dried teak was 5.11, dried fern leaves 5.75, dried Spanish cherry leaves 5.43, and dried crape myrtle leaves 7.80.  The dominant active compounds in the liquid smoke produced were phenolic components. Each liquid smoke contained carbonyl and acid compounds, while liquid smoke from teak-dried leaves also contained alkaloids and alcohol.
Helppoa kuin mallinteko – lyhyt oppimäärä elinaikamallinnukseen ja ekstrapoloinnin aiheuttamaan epävarmuuteen taloudellisessa arvioinnissa
Authors: Haikonen-Salo Leena , Kiviniemi Vesa , Grönholm Essi , Jalkanen Kari , Martikainen Janne
Published: September 2023

Uusien lääkehoitojen kustannuksia ja terveyshyötyä tarkastellaan korvattavuus- tai käyttöönottopäätöstä tehtäessä terveystaloudellisen mallinnuksen avulla. Uusiin hoitoihin liittyvää tutkimusdataa on usein saatavilla tarpeeseen nähden liian lyhyeltä ajalta, jolloin hoitojen terveyshyötyjä ja kustannuksia joudutaan mallintamaan seuranta-ajan jälkeiselle ajalle ekstrapoloimalla. Tämä ajallinen epäsuhta lisää mallinnusten tuloksiin ja päätöksentekoon ajallista epävarmuutta. Tässä artikkelissa esitellään lukijalle parametrista elinaikamallinnusta ja ekstrapolointia sekä havainnollistetaan ekstrapoloinnissa käytettävän elinaikamallin valinnan ja seuranta-ajan pituuden vaikutusta keskimääräisten elinaikaennusteiden tarkkuuteen immuno-onkologisissa hoidoissa.
Tutkimusaineistona käytettiin avointa synteettistä aineistoa, joka pohjautuu myelooisen leukemian hoidon kliinisen tutkimuksen seuranta-aineistoon. Seuranta-ajan pituuden vaikutusta elinaikamallin ennusteeseen tutkittiin pilkkomalla kokonaisseuranta-aineisto lyhyempiin datajoukkoihin ja ekstrapoloimalla hoitovasteita käyttäen vaihtoehtoisia parametrisia elinaikamalleja. Elinaikamalleja verrattiin koko aineiston elinaikakäyriin ja niiden onnistumista arvioitiin selviytymisosuuksien ja rajatun keskimääräisen selviytymisajan perusteella eri aikapisteissä.
Käytetyt elinaikamallit aliarvioivat selviytymisosuutta ja rajattua keskimääräistä selviytymisaikaa verrattuna koko tutkimusaineistoon. Erot tuloksissa olivat suuria eri elinaikamallien välillä ja pidempään seuranta-aikaan sovitetut elinaikamallit tuottivat tarkempia ennusteita. Käytetyt mallinvalintakriteerit eivät pystyneet ennustamaan parhaiten onnistuneita malleja.
Terveystaloudellisen mallinnuksen yhteydessä käytettävän elinaikamallin valinnalla ja tutkimusaineiston seuranta-ajan pituudella on merkittävä vaikutus ekstrapoloinnin luotettavuuteen. Immunoonkologisten hoitojen erityispiirteet, kuten nopea riskinmuutos ja pitkäaikainen selviytyminen, on otettava huomioon mallia valittaessa ja epävarmuutta arvioitaessa. Mallin valintaan ja lopputuloksen arviointiin on käytettävissä erilasia työkaluja, joiden käyttökelpoisuus rajoittuu kuitenkin seurantadatan pituudelle. Joustavat mallinnusmenetelmät voivat parantaa elinaikamallin tarkkuutta etenkin immuno-onkologisten hoitojen osalta. Elinaikamallinnuksessa on kiinnitettävä huomiota seuranta-aineiston ominaisuuksiin ja tunnuslukuihin, elinaikamallin valintaan, sekä lopputuloksen uskottavuuteen. Epävarmuutta ei voida poistaa mallista kokonaan.
Evaluation of the Microhardness of Different Types of Bulk Fill Resins
Authors: Viana Mila O. S. , Lopes Thays C. S. , Lopes Matheus A. B. S. , Pires Lilian G. S. , Campos Marta R. O. , Brandim Ayrton S.
Published: September 2023

The constant search for the ideal restorative material causes the new formulations to aim for an increase of 4 to 5 mm, getting an improvement of its mechanical properties, for example, the organic and inorganic matrix of other materials. With this, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the microhardness of different brands of bulk fill resin. In order to perform the research, 30 specimens were prepared, with group 1 with 10 specimens of the conventional composite resin Opallis (FGM). Group 2 with 10 specimens of Oppus Bulk Fill composite resin (FGM). And group 3 with 10 specimens of the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk fill resin (Ivoclar Vivadent), all made from a preset silicon matrix. Each group was photopolymerized on the upper surface at the time indicated by the manufacturer, stored in an oven with distilled water under 37 ° C for 24 hours. After this period, they were measured with a digital caliper and submitted to the Vickers microhardness test at 5 random points on the upper surface. The values recorded by the microdurometer were taken to the statistical analysis using ANOVA test with Tukey post-test, in which it showed a statistical difference between Bulk fill Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Opallis (FGM) with p value<0.001, and a statistical difference between Bulk Fill Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Opus Bulk Fill (FGM) with a p value of 0.001. There was no difference between Opallis and Opus Bulk fill (FGM). It was concluded that Bulk Fill Tetric N- Ceram resin (Ivoclar Vivadent) obtained a lower microhardness when compared to Opallis (FGM) and Opus Bulk Fill (FGM) resins.
Welcome To The New Issue Of The College’s Asia Pacific Journal Of Health Management For 2023
Authors: Fong Neale
Published: October 2023

Welcome to the new issue of the College’s Asia Pacific Journal Of Health Management for 2023. I trust the year is treating you well and you are continuing on your way to achieving professional and personal goals set at the beginning of the year.
At this time of year the College is particularly busy preparing for our annual Asia Pacific Health Leadership Congress which this year is being held at the National Convention Centre, Canberra, 11-13 October 2023. The Congress seats are filling up fast and we have a wonderful program in place with themes of Sustainability and Workforce.
Our team aims to drastically reduce our own wastage for this event – e.g. there will be no satchel this year with all individual information including our sponsor promotions on our Congress app, recyclable plastic badges and a giveaway drink bottle made from sugarcane for each attendee with several water stations for re-filling. It is not too late to register for this Congress! https://www.achsm.org.au/canberra2023 
Our 2024-2027 ACHSM Strategic Plan will be launched at the Congress. This plan has been several months coming to fruition and incorporates an aim to be a stronger system voice for our members and all health managers and leaders.
We are committed to supporting great health leadership across the health system and the profession of health management. It is the unique body of knowledge that we foster and develop through such vehicles as this Journal.
Thank you for spending time catching up with the latest research in health leadership and management through the articles you will find here in this Journal. Your commitment to lifelong learning is the cornerstone of our great profession.
The Role of School Counselors in Placement Programs in Senior High Schools: A Comparative Study
Authors: Azwar Beni
Published: October 2023

This research aims to examine the role of School Counselors in placement and distribution services by comparing two patterns, namely majors in the 2013 Curriculum at SMAN 5 Bengkulu and subject selection in the Merdeka Curriculum at SMAN 3 Bengkulu Selatan. The research methodology used is a comparative approach with a qualitative descriptive method, using in-depth interviews with School Counselors as participants regarding the patterns used by the two schools. The first study's results show that School Counselors at SMAN 5 Bengkulu with the 2013 curriculum are more active and understand the typical yearly majoring pattern for Class X students. The data used are recommendations from the originating junior high school, parental support, and psychological test results that are not available. Alums and professionals who provide information and motivation are brought in to strengthen the process. The weakness is that choosing majors in SNPTN must consider the value of science majors such as Mathematics, Physics, Biology, and Chemistry. On the other hand, School Counselors at SMAN 3 Bengkulu Selatan, with the independent Merdeka curriculum, must be more innovative and creative in subject selection carried out in Grade XI. The data used is a majoring questionnaire with a choice of 5 subjects (3 in science and 2 in social studies, or 2 in science and 3 in social studies), and each choice is adjusted to the majors to be taken, with one subject choice for each major in tertiary institutions. Psychological test results that still need to be available in the school and a questionnaire signed by parents are also required. The difficulty lies in moving classes simultaneously, as well as differences in the wishes of parents and children.
The Reception of Frankenstein in Spain by the Hand of its Illustrators
Authors: González-Moreno Beatriz , González-Moreno Fernando
Published: October 2023

This article examines the main Spanish visual readings of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein from the first illustrated edition in Spain (1944) to the significant 200th anniversary of its publication. Thus, how Mary Shelley’s novel has morphed throughout time depending on the different illustrators who have approached the text can be assessed while identifying the key illustrated editions for this period. The analysis of the illustrated reception and history of Frankenstein offers a new perspective into how the novel has been both read and “seen” in Spain. The results of this study shed light on diverse aspects of the novel such as the perception of the monster and how oft-neglected characters and episodes have been slowly added to the visual rendition of the novel.
Syrie James’s The Secret Diaries of Charlotte Brontë: A Neo-Victorian Biofiction of Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Llorens-Cubedo Dídac
Published: October 2023

Syrie James’s The Secret Diaries of Charlotte Brontë (2009) is a first-person narrative of the last ten years of the Victorian novelist’s life. It is a neo-Victorian celebrity biofiction, tending to the hagiographic. It draws on various biographies of Brontë, on her letters and on her autobiographical novels. Interestingly, it also evokes Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, a novel that Brontë famously disliked. The present article considers Secret Diaries within the parameters of neo-Victorian biofiction; it identifies parallelisms with Austen’s classic; it reassesses the relationship between Brontë and Austen; and, in doing all this, shows that the chronological scope of Neo-Victorianism is broad.
Fostering future pioneers: Unveiling the entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students in Oman
Authors: TUMATİ Raja
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to examine the entrepreneurial intentions of Omani students. Because this study used analytical methods to provide measurable data, it adopted a quantitative approach to research and a deductive methodology. Purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used in this study. The Venesaar et al. (2014) standard questionnaire was modified to collect the data. 478 respondents provided data. The results showed that students were motivated to pursue business. The findings demonstrate that students have positive intentions toward entrepreneurship. I am willing to go to any length to become an entrepreneur (4.06), which had the highest mean score for student entrepreneurial intentions. Because all values were greater than 0.05, there was no evidence to reject the null hypothesis. This implies that the entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students in Oman are unaffected by factors such as family income, father's profession, education, or program of study.
Analysis of the demographic structure of patients undergoing preventive examinations during the European Prevention Program for HNC in the last 10 years
Authors: Jowik Rafał , Dżaman Wiktor , Ernst Wiktoria  Mercedes , Piskadło-Zborowska Karolina
Published: October 2023

Wprowadzenie: Od 2013 r., co roku we wrześniu, odbywa się Europejski Tydzień Profilaktyki Nowotworów Głowy i Szyi (NGiSz), którego celem jest promowanie najlepszych praktyk w profilaktyce, diagnostyce oraz leczeniu raka głowy i szyi. W tym czasie pacjenci mogą skorzystać z bezpłatnych badań laryngologicznych na terenie całej Europy.Cel: Analiza struktury demograficznej pacjentów korzystających z badań profilaktycznych w ramach Europejskiego Programu Profilaktyki NGiSz w ciągu ostatnich 10 lat.Materiał i metoda: W latach 2013–2022 w ramach Europejskiego Tygodnia Profilaktyki NGiSz zbadano 2125 pacjentów (wiek: 21–93 lata, śr. 61 lat). Kobiety stanowiły 69% chorych (1466), a mężczyźni 31% (659). Pacjenci wypełniali ankietę dotyczącą czynników ryzyka NGiSz, objawów oraz stylu życia, przechodzili pełne badania otolaryngologiczne i w razie potrzeby diagnostykę pogłębioną (fiberoskopię nosogardła i krtani, badania obrazowe i histopatologiczne).Wyniki: Kobiety częściej i wcześniej niż mężczyźni zgłaszały się do programu badań przesiewowych. Jedynie 13% stanowili pacjenci poniżej 45. r.ż. Najczęściej obserwowano czynniki ryzyka NGiSz, tj.: nikotynizm (24%), rzadkie kontrole stomatologiczne (28%) i uzupełnienia protetyczne uzębienia (43%). Główną przyczyną zgłoszenia na badania przesiewowe były: suchość w jamie ustnej, przewlekła chrypa oraz choroba nowotworowa w rodzinie. Zmiany onkologiczne wykryto u 90 badanych, a stany przedrakowe u 22. Spośród guzów złośliwych 89% miało wysoki stopień zaawansowania klinicznego.Dyskusja: Badania profilaktyczne NGiSz są kluczowe dla wczesnego wykrywania i leczenia tych chorób oraz poprawy świadomości społecznej dotyczącej czynników ryzyka.Wnioski: Program profilaktyczny pozwolił na wczesne leczenie stanów zapalnych, przednowotworowych i nowotworów u 170 osób.
Carpinus betulus L. pollen grains in the aeroplankton of twelve selected Polish cities in 2023
Authors: Majkowska-Wojciechowska Barbara , Balwierz Zofia , Puc Małgorzata , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Siergiejko Grzegorz , Ślusarczyk Joanna , Ziemianin Monika , Rapiejko Joanna , Jurkiewicz Dariusz , Lipiec Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

In Poland, Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) is one of the trees responsible for the symptomes of spring allergy, although epidemiology of sensitivity is not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the Carpinus betulus L. pollen seasons in the following cities of Poland: Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Kraków, Kielce, Lublin, Łódź, Olsztyn, Opole, Piotrków Trybunalski, Szczecin, Warszawa i Zielona Góra.
Pollen grain was recorded with the standardized volumetric method with the Hirst type traps. The following parameters were included in the analysis: length of the season, peaks of pollen concentration and their date of occurrence, sezonal total values and the numer of days of the pollen concentration above the treshold value that could cause symptoms.
The Hronbeam pollen season in 2023 started in the third decade of March or the firts decade of April and lasted until May, for 33.58 days on average. The highest total values were recorded in Szczecin, Zielona Góra, Bydgoszcz, Kraków and Kielce, while the lowest in Bialystok and Lublin. Compared to 2014, the 2023 sesaon was generally charactarized by an earlier start, higher total daily and annual pollen levels.
Immunohistochemical investigation of FIPV3-70 antigen expression in the ileum of cats with effusive feline infective peritonitis
Authors: Novakov Todor , Gjurovski Ivica , Bozinoski Spiro , Janevski Aleksandar , Petrov Elena Atanaskova , Kunovska Slavica Kostadinova , Ristoski Trpe
Published: September 2023

One of the most common infectious causes of cat mortality is feline infective peritonitis (FIP), along with panleukopenia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. FIP is more likely to affect cats whose immune system is weak or suppressed. It is thought that the infection of macrophages and monocytes plays a major role in the pathogenic process. In order to set a definitive diagnosis for this infectious disease, a histopathological examination of tissues, and feline coronavirus (FCoV) detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is necessary. In this investigation, 15 cats between the ages of 5 and 24 months with clinical suspicion of FIP, underwent post-mortem necropsy, pathohistological and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that all the cats had abdominal effusion with pyogranulomas throughout the abdominal serosa. Ten out of fifteen cats were FIP positive using immunohistochemical methods. This method also showed the antigen deposition in the macrophages thus confirming their role in the pathogenesis of FIP.