bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diferença entre hospitais privado e universitário na taxa de linfonodos de peça cirúrgica de câncer colorretal: o papel do patologista
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Gomes da , Lacerda-Filho Antônio , Côrtes Bruno Giusti Werneck , Sousa Priscila Sedassari , Santos Carlos Renato Maulais , Cabral Mônica Maria Demas Álvares
Published: July 2010

Tem sido demonstrado que o número de linfonodos obtidos em peças cirúrgicas de câncer colorretal é fundamental para o adequado estadiamento da doença e, consequentemente, para a obtenção de melhores resultados oncológicos. A percepção de diferenças no número de linfonodos dissecados em peças cirúrgicas de câncer colorretal pelos mesmos cirurgiões em hospitais diferentes motivou este estudo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se há diferença no número de linfonodos e em determinados parâmetros histopatológicos em peça cirúrgica de pacientes com câncer colorretal operados por dois cirurgiões que atuam tanto em hospital universitário, como em hospital privado. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 122 pacientes, obtendo-se dados relativos a tipo de instituição (universitária versus privada), aspectos demográficos, estadiamento, localização do tumor, tipo de operação, via de acesso (aberta versus laparoscópica ), indicação de radioterapia, número de linfonodos dissecados, número de linfonodos positivos e negativos, assim como o tipo histológico, presença de invasões vascular, linfática e perineural e resposta linfocítica). RESULTADOS: Sessenta e cinco pacientes foram operados em instituição universitária e 57, em instituição privada. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à idade, gênero, estadiamento, localização do tumor, indicação de radioterapia e tipo de operação. A via laparoscópica foi mais comum na instituição universitária. A mediana de linfonodos dissecados foi de 25 (P25-75: 15-34) na instituição universitária versus 15 (P25-75;12-17) (p<.0001). A média de linfonodos positivos foi de três na instituição universitária e de um na privada. O achado de 12 ou mais linfonodos foi mais comum em instituição universitária (55/64 versus 40/58; p=.024). A presença da informação de invasões linfática, vascular e perineural foi mais comum na instituição universitária. CONCLUSÃO: Mantendo a mesma técnica cirúrgica e com população comparável de pacientes, observou-se considerável diferença no número de linfonodos dissecados entre instituições universitária e privada e na apresentação de outros dados histopatológicos importantes para o estadiamento da doença e para a indicação de terapia sistêmica. O entrosamento entre a equipe cirúrgica e o patologista deve ocorrer em todos os tipos de instituições, sendo que a melhora da qualidade do exame anátomo-patológico deve ocorrer em instituições não-universitárias.
Grupos de pesquisa sobre infância, criança e educação infantil no Brasil: primeiras aproximações
Authors: Silva Isabel de Oliveira e , Luz Iza Rodrigues da , Faria Filho Luciano Mendes de
Published: July 2010

O artigo apresenta um mapeamento dos grupos e instituições que produzem pesquisas na área de educação sobre a infância, a criança e a educação infantil no Brasil, por regiões geográficas e principais temas investigados. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, procedeu-se a consultas no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do CNPq, nos Cadernos de Indicadores dos Programas de Pós Graduação em Educação, relativos ao ano de 2006, e na base Lattes do CNPq.
Avaliação da aplicabilidade de um padrão cefalométrico norte-americano em pacientes brasileiros submetidos à cirurgia ortognática
Authors: Giglio Fernando Paganeli Machado , Sant'Ana Eduardo
Published: July 2010

OBJETIVO: avaliar a aplicabilidade de um padrão cefalométrico norte-americano em pacientes brasileiros submetidos à cirurgia ortognática, por meio da comparação dos traçados cefalométricos pós-tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico de 29 pacientes que passaram por cirurgia de maxila e mandíbula, com o padrão cefalométrico utilizado como orientação para o planejamento dos casos. MÉTODOS: os traçados foram gerados pelo programa Dolphin Imaging 9.0 a partir de telerradiografias em norma lateral digitalizadas, nas quais foram marcados 48 pontos de referência dentários, ósseos e tegumentares. Assim, obteve-se 26 grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares para posterior comparação com os valores normativos, considerando-se o dimorfismo sexual e as eventuais modificações feitas no planejamento em virtude de necessidades individuais de cada caso e das possíveis diferenças étnico-raciais. Os dados da amostra foram confrontados com o padrão por meio da comparação das médias e desvios-padrão pelo teste "t" de Student. RESULTADOS: para os homens, as médias da amostra foram significativamente diferentes do padrão em cinco das grandezas estudadas; enquanto, para as mulheres, nove apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. No entanto, apesar da similaridade das médias na maioria das medidas em ambos os gêneros, os dados mostraram grandes variações individuais. CONCLUSÕES: a análise dos resultados obtidos sugere que o padrão cefalométrico norte-americano empregado é aplicável como referência para o planejamento de casos ortodôntico-cirúrgicos de pacientes brasileiros, desde que se atente às variações individuais de acordo com as necessidades de cada paciente.
The Risks Associated With Maternal Antidepressant Use During the Prenatal and Postnatal Stages of Development
Authors: Stolzer Jeanne M.
Published: July 2010

Over the past decade, maternal antidepressant use has skyrocketed in the United States. Maternal depression, which was once categorized as an extremely rare condition, is now the leading cause of disability in American women aged 18 to 44 (Stewart, 2005). In spite of the published data that document the risks associated with antidepressant use in maternal and pediatric populations, physicians throughout the United States continue to prescribe these drugs to pregnant and lactating women. Never before in the history of humankind have we witnessed the intentional drugging of pregnant women and nursing mothers in order to alleviate specific emotional feelings. This unprecedented drugging of maternal populations has led many in the scientific community to question the reliability of current-day depression assessments, as many scholars have pointed out that the available assessment tools are highly subjective and lack scientific validity. The goal of this article is to offer a scientifically sound alternative to the current medical model’s definition and treatment of maternal depression and to explore the historical, neurological, hormonal, familial, political, economical, and cultural correlates that have been associated with maternal depression in the United States.
Integrating Fluorescent Dye Flow‐Curve Testing and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry Profiling for In Situ Hydraulic Evaluation and Improvement of Clarifier Performance
Authors: Tarud F. , Aybar M. , Pizarro G. , Cienfuegos R. , Pastén P.
Published: July 2010

Enhancing the performance of clarifiers requires a thorough understanding of their hydraulics. Fluorescence spectroscopy and acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) profiling generally have been used separately to evaluate secondary settlers. We propose that simultaneous use of these techniques is needed to obtain a more reliable and useful evaluation. Experiments were performed on laboratory‐ and full‐scale clarifiers. Factors affecting Fluorescein and Rhodamine 6G properties were identified. Underestimations up to 500% in fluorescence intensities may be derived from differential fluorescence quenching by oxygen. A careful control and interpretation of fluorescent dye experiments is needed to minimize artifacts in real settings. While flow‐curve tests constructed under controlled conditions provided a more accurate overall quantitative estimation of the hydraulic performance, ADV velocity and turbulence profiling provided a detailed spatial understanding of flow patterns that was used to troubleshoot and fix the causes of hydraulic short‐circuits.
Increasing a large petrochemical company efficiency by improvement of decision making process
Authors: Kirin Snezana , Nesic Lela
Published: July 2010

The paper shows the results of a research conducted in a large petrochemical company, in a state under transition, with the aim to "shed light" on the decision making process from the aspect of personal characteristics of the employees, in order to use the results to improve decision making process and increase company efficiency. The research was conducted by a survey, i.e. by filling out a questionnaire specially made for this purpose, in real conditions, during working hours. The sample of the respondents is representative for the goal of the research and consists of 82 employees, of all level of decision making, education, age structure, and years of service. The data has been processed by appropriate mathematical-statistical techniques: factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation. For determining the important factors in decision making process, a type of factor analysis was used - the principal components analysis and the normalized Varimax rotation procedure. The basic hypotheses of research related to the readiness of the employees for independent decision making, readiness for risk taking, determining the level of usage of intuition, organization atmosphere, general and personal characteristics of employees, have been proved. The results of the research indicate that the process of decision making is complex one in the organization and that there is a tendency of the employees towards collective decision making, as it was used to be done. A significant result is that the employees at the managing positions are more ready for independent decision making than the employees at the executive positions. Based on the results of the research, it is possible to draft managerial and organizational measures for increasing the level of readiness for independent and individual decision making, and increase company efficiency, as well.
Health Care Transition in Adolescents and Young Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Bowen Michael E. , Henske Joseph A. , Potter Amy
Published: July 2010

IN BRIEF

Improving health care transition in adolescents and young adults with diabetes is a challenge shared by both pediatric and adult practitioners. This article provides an overview of health care transitions, reviews selected approaches to transition, and provides recommendations for health care providers to facilitate and optimize transition in adolescents with diabetes.
Sociology of Sport Diagnosis in Brazil: to Consolidate a Field of Knowledge
Authors: Júnior Wanderley , Ferreira Anna
Published: July 2010

Sociology of Sport Diagnosis in Brazil: to Consolidate a Field of Knowledge

Considering the expansion process which the sport sociology is facing in the Social Sciences and Physical Education fields, this study highlights the need to attribute to a specific area of knowledge a diagnosis treatment and the discussion of the sociological matters and conceptions emerging in sport. Also we included in this scenario the preliminary need detected in studies focused on the diagnosis of sport sociology in Brazil. The main goal of this research consists in the diagnosis of the papers that make reference to the sport sociology and to verify the consolidation, in the undergraduate and postgraduate area of this research field in Brazil. Specifically, we aim to localize the authors, their production, theoretical references and analysis models to codify a theoretical and methodological classification of the area, identifying conceptions, perspectives and study objects. We also attempt to make possible the structuring of an Excellence Centre in Sport Sociology studies in Brazil and the possible institutional exchange with Portuguese and Spanishspeaking countries, in Latin America. Part of this project is being accomplished by the creation of the Asociación Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioculturales Del Deporte - ALESDE. The methodology selected is a historic-descriptive research with an analytical-bibliographical character. The scope to this diagnosis will depend on the initial contacts with the productions, however we estimate a possible starting point in the 1950s. Through a preliminary study, we realized the mapping of two journals, one from Sociology and another from Physical Education, collecting data of the papers, such as: authors, theoretical approach, study objects and productions profile, from 1997 to 2007. As the results to this specific research we pointed out the absence of papers published in the Social Sciences journal. This may be the result of disputes and tensions of the academic field, considering issues as research legitimacy, prestige, and the superficiality of the papers submitted for publication, that does not attend the criteria of the referred journal. In the Physical Education journal the sport is a study object with insert, fact confirmed by the number of papers published. However, we noticed a large number of issues of this journal without any publication from Sport Sociology, which can be a symptom of a field in a consolidation process. Based on these indicatives we noticed that the papers we analyzed indicate a lack of a proper appropriation of the sociological theories to discuss, with the proper depth, the study object. These data allow us to elaborate a conception of the Sport Sociology as a field seeking its consolidation and autonomy in Sociology and in Physical Education. By this preliminary study and the wider research we present in this paper, we expect to fill a visible gap in the Sport Sociology studies and contribute in the consolidation of this research field.
Physical Recreation of Students of Selected Warsaw Non-Public Higher Education Institutions - Preferences and Motivations
Authors: Dąbrowski Andrzej , Radiuk-Strzeżek Joanna
Published: July 2010

Physical Recreation of Students of Selected Warsaw Non-Public Higher Education Institutions - Preferences and Motivations

The creation of conditions within the teaching and educational system of higher education institutions that shape up rational, pro-health free-time behaviours is one of the key goals of the studies discussed in this paper. The starting point for every planned educational process is to investigate the present state of affairs, i.e. to perform a diagnosis. This paper presents the diagnosis results which indicate, based on the empirical research findings, the forms of leisure activities most often pursued and the motivations behind them. The method we used in our research was a diagnosis survey which covered 1,119 students.

The dominant leisure-time activities preferred by the students we surveyed were watching TV and meeting friends. The third most popular student leisure activity was in the case of men spending time in front of a computer and in the case of the women walking. Nearly half of the female students and a little more than half of the male students practise their recreational activities outside the official school physical education classes. The men practise a little more often than the women. Football, cycling and swimming are the most popular sports among the men. The women prefer bicycle riding, gymnastic exercises, aerobics and volleyball. Both the male and female students gave as their first two most important motives for recreational physical activities their health and fitness aspects. The third motive varies, depending on sex. The female students appreciate rest and relaxation which they achieve through recreational physical activities. The men highlight the value of being in touch with nature. Although the students from the surveyed group say they do not engage in physical activity in their free time in any planned way, nearly 50% of them do so on a regular basis.
Of wolves and men
Authors: Jansen Stef
Published: July 2010

This article confronts the grammar of liberal reconciliation discourses with the gendered practices of post-war encounters. After violence that is considered national, meetings between people of different nationalities, and the reconciliation of which they are seen to be a vanguard, tend to be considered as morally good in and of themselves. This article subjects such liberal reconciliation discourse to a double ethnographic intervention: first, by privileging the practice of non-elite inter-national encounters over abstract notions of reconciliation, and, second, by tracing the particular gendered subject positions of sameness that shaped and were shaped by such encounters. The article explores how, after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, men who met across former frontlines evoked “normal life” through mutual recognition of performative competence of motifs of hegemonizing masculinities.
Another commons is possible
Authors: Junge Benjamin
Published: July 2010

Donald M. Nonini, ed., The global idea of “the commons.”New York: Berghahn Books, 2007, 138 pp., ISBN: 1-845-45485-5.

Jeffrey Juris, Networking futures: The movements against corporate globalization. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008, 400 pp., ISBN: 0822342693.
Anethole Isomerization and Dimerization Induced by Acid Sites or UV Irradiation
Authors: Castro Hans T. , Martínez Jairo René , Stashenko Elena
Published: July 2010

The formation of cis-anethole and various dimers as a result of the exposure of trans-anethole to microporous solid acids (dealuminated HY zeolites), or UV-Vis irradiation was established by means of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. 3,4-bis-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-(E)-hex-2-ene was the most abundant compound among eight different methoxyphenyl-disubstituted hexenes produced by electrophilic addition and elimination reactions induced by HY zeolites. (1a,2a,3b,4b)-1,2-bis(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylcyclobutane was the principal component in the mixture of 5 methoxyphenyl-disubstituted cyclobutanes found, together with cis-anethole, after UV-Vis irradiation of a trans-anethole solution in toluene.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Kidney
Authors: Hörl Walter H.
Published: July 2010

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2 of cyclooxygenase (COX). Renal side effects (e.g., kidney function, fluid and urinary electrolyte excretion) vary with the extent of COX-2-COX-1 selectivity and the administered dose of these compounds. While young healthy subjects will rarely experience adverse renal effects with the use of NSAIDs, elderly patients and those with co-morbibity (e.g., congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis or chronic kidney disease) and drug combinations (e.g., renin-angiotensin blockers, diuretics plus NSAIDs) may develop acute renal failure. This review summarizes our present knowledge how traditional NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors may affect the kidney under various experimental and clinical conditions, and how these drugs may influence renal inflammation, water transport, sodium and potassium balance and how renal dysfunction or hypertension may result.
The “Connection” Between HIV Drug Resistance and RNase H
Authors: Delviks-Frankenberry Krista A. , Nikolenko Galina N. , Pathak Vinay K.
Published: July 2010

Currently, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are two classes of antiretroviral agents that are approved for treatment of HIV-1 infection. Since both NRTIs and NNRTIs target the polymerase (pol) domain of reverse transcriptase (RT), most genotypic analysis for drug resistance is limited to the first ~300 amino acids of RT. However, recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in the C-terminal domain of RT, specifically the connection subdomain and RNase H domain, can also increase resistance to both NRTIs and NNRTIs. In this review we will present the potential mechanisms by which mutations in the C-terminal domain of RT influence NRTI and NNRTI susceptibility, summarize the prevalence of the mutations in these regions of RT identified to date, and discuss their importance to clinical drug resistance.
Worldwide Survey of Published Procedures to Culture Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Fernandes A. M. , Meletti T. , Guimarães R. , Stelling M. P. , Marinho P. A. N. , Valladão A. S. , Rehen S. K.
Published: July 2010

Since their derivation 11 years ago, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have become a powerful tool in both basic biomedical research and developmental biology. Their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into any tissue type has also brought interest from fields such as cell therapy and drug screening. We conducted an extensive analysis of 750 papers (51% of the total published about hES cells between 1998 and 2008) to present a spectrum of hES cell research including culture protocols developed worldwide. This review may stimulate discussions about the importance of having unvarying methods to culture hES cells, in order to facilitate comparisons among data obtained by research groups elsewhere, especially concerning preclinical studies. Moreover, the description of the most widely used cell lines, reagents, and procedures adopted internationally will help newcomers on deciding the best strategies for starting their own studies. Finally, the results will contribute with the efforts of stem cell researchers on comparing the performance of different aspects related to hES cell culture methods.
Transplant of GABAergic Precursors Restores Hippocampal Inhibitory Function in a Mouse Model of Seizure Susceptibility
Authors: Zipancic I. , Calcagnotto M. E. , Piquer-Gil M. , Mello L. E. , Álvarez-Dolado M.
Published: July 2010

Defects in GABAergic function can cause epilepsy. In the last years, cell-based therapies have attempted to correct these defects with disparate success on animal models of epilepsy. Recently, we demonstrated that medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived cells grafted into the neonatal normal brain migrate and differentiate into functional mature GABAergic interneurons. These cells are able to modulate the local level of GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition, which suggests their suitability for cell-based therapies. However, it is unclear whether they can integrate in the host circuitry and rescue the loss of inhibition in pathological conditions. Thus, as proof of principle, we grafted MGE-derived cells into a mouse model of seizure susceptibility caused by specific elimination of GABAergic interneuron subpopulations in the mouse hippocampus after injection of the neurotoxic saporin conjugated to substance P (SSP-Sap). This ablation was associated with significant decrease in inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSC) on CA1 pyramidal cells and increased seizure susceptibility induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Grafting of GFP+ MGE-derived cells in SSP-Sap-treated mice repopulates the hippocampal ablated zone with cells expressing molecular markers of mature interneurons. Interestingly, IPSC kinetics on CA1 pyramidal cells of ablated hippocampus significantly increased after transplantation, reaching levels similar to the normal mice. More importantly, this was associated with reduction in seizure severity and decrease in postseizure mortality induced by PTZ. Our data show that MGE-derived cells fulfill most of the requirements for an appropriate cell-based therapy, and indicate their suitability for neurological conditions where a modulation of synaptic inhibition is needed, such as epilepsy.
Tomographic retrieval of cloud liquid water fields from a single scanning microwave radiometer aboard a moving platform – Part 1: Field trial results from the Wakasa Bay experiment
Authors: Huang D. , Gasiewski A. J. , Wiscombe W.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Tomographic methods offer great potential for retrieving three-dimensional spatial distributions of cloud liquid water from radiometric observations by passive microwave sensors. Fixed tomographic systems require multiple radiometers, while mobile systems can use just a single radiometer. Part 1 (this paper) examines the results from a limited cloud tomography trial with a single-radiometer airborne system carried out as part of the 2003 AMSR-E validation campaign over Wakasa Bay of the Sea of Japan. During this trial, the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) and Microwave Imaging Radiometer (MIR) aboard the NASA P-3 research aircraft provided a useful dataset for testing the cloud tomography method over a system of low-level clouds. We do tomographic retrievals with a constrained inversion algorithm using three configurations: PSR, MIR, and combined PSR and MIR data. The liquid water paths from the PSR retrieval are consistent with those from the MIR retrieval. The retrieved cloud field based on the combined data appears to be physically plausible and consistent with the cloud image obtained by a cloud radar. We find that some vertically-uniform clouds appear at high altitudes in the retrieved field where the radar shows clear sky. This is likely due to the sub-optimal data collection strategy. This sets the stage for Part 2 of this study that aims to define optimal data collection strategies using observation system simulation experiments.
Second-generation products of β-caryophyllene ozonolysis are the dominant contributors to particle mass concentration
Authors: Li Y. J. , Chen Q. , Guzman M. I. , Chan C. K. , Martin S. T.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by the dark ozonolysis of gas-phase β-caryophyllene was studied. The experiments were conducted in a continuous-flow environmental chamber for organic particle mass concentrations of 0.5 to 30 μg m−3 and with ozone in excess, thereby allowing the study of second-generation particle-phase products under atmospherically relevant conditions. The particle-phase products were characterized by an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-ToF-MS). Fragmentation mass spectra were used for the structural elucidation of each product, and the structures were confirmed as consistent with the accurate m/z values of the parent ions. In total, fifteen products were identified, three of which are reported for the first time in this study. The structures showed that 9 out of 15 particle-phase products were second generation, including all three of the new products. The relative abundance of the second-generation products was approximately 90% by mass among the 15 observed products. The O:C and H:C elemental ratios of the 15 products ranged from 0.13 to 0.50 and from 1.43 to 1.60, respectively. Fourteen of the products contained 3 to 5 oxygen atoms. A singular product, which was one of the three newly identified ones, had 7 oxygen atoms, including 1 carboxylic group, 2 carbonyl groups, and 3 hydroxyl groups. It was identified as 2,3-dihydroxy-4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl]-4-oxobutanoic acid (C14H22O7). The estimated saturation vapor pressure of this product is sufficiently low (3.3×10−13 Pa) that it can contribute to new particle formation in the atmosphere.
Observed and simulated hydroclimatology using distributed hydrologic model from in-situ and multi-satellite remote sensing datasets in Lake Victoria region in East Africa
Authors: Khan S. I. , Adhikari P. , Hong Y. , Vergara H. , Grout T. , Adler R. F. , Policelli F. , Irwin D. , Korme T. , Okello L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Floods and droughts are common, recurring natural hazards in East African nations. Studies of hydro-climatology at daily, seasonal, and annual time scale is an important in understanding and ultimately minimizing the impacts of such hazards. Using daily in-situ data over the last two decades combined with the recently available multiple-years satellite remote sensing data, we analyzed and simulated, with a distributed hydrologic model, the hydro-climatology in Nzoia, one of the major contributing sub-basins of Lake Victoria in the East African highlands. The basin, with a semi arid climate, has no sustained base flow contribution to Lake Victoria. The short spell of high discharge showed that rain is the prime cause of floods in the basin. There is only a marginal increase in annual mean discharge over the last 21 years. The 2-, 5- and 10-year peak discharges, for the entire study period showed that more years since the mid 1990's have had high peak discharges despite having relatively less annual rain. The study also presents the hydrologic model calibration and validation results over the Nzoia Basin. The spatiotemporal variability of the water cycle components were quantified using a physically-based, distributed hydrologic model, with in-situ and multi-satellite remote sensing datasets. Moreover, the hydrologic capability of remote sensing data such as TRMM-3B42V6 was tested in terms of reconstruction of the water cycle components. The spatial distribution and time series of modeling results for precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and change in storage (dS/dt) showed considerable agreement with the monthly model runoff estimates and gauge observations. Runoff values responded to precipitation events that occurred across the catchment during the wet season from March to early June. The hydrologic model captured the spatial variability of the soil moisture storage. The spatially distributed model inputs, states, and outputs, were found to be useful for understanding the hydrologic behavior at the catchment scale. Relatively high flows were experienced near the basin outlet from previous rainfall, with a new flood peak responding to the rainfall in the upper part of the basin. The monthly peak runoff was observed in the months of April, May and November. The analysis revealed a linear relationship between rainfall and runoff for both wet and dry seasons. The model was found to be useful in poorly gauged catchments using satellite forcing data and showed the potential to be used not only for the investigation of the catchment scale water balance but also for addressing issues pertaining to sustainability of the resources within the catchment.
A coupled remote sensing and the Surface Energy Balance with Topography Algorithm (SEBTA) to estimate actual evapotranspiration under complex terrain
Authors: Gao Z. Q. , Liu C. S. , Gao W. , Chang N. B.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) may be used as an ecological indicator to address the ecosystem complexity. The accurate measurement of ET is of great significance for studying environmental sustainability, global climate changes, and biodiversity. Remote sensing technologies are capable of monitoring both energy and water fluxes on the surface of the Earth. With this advancement, existing models, such as SEBAL, S_SEBI and SEBS, enable us to estimate the regional ET with limited temporal and spatial scales. This paper extends the existing modeling efforts with the inclusion of new components for ET estimation at varying temporal and spatial scales under complex terrain. Following a coupled remote sensing and surface energy balance approach, this study emphasizes the structure and function of the Surface Energy Balance with Topography Algorithm (SEBTA). With the aid of the elevation and landscape information, such as slope and aspect parameters derived from the digital elevation model (DEM), and the vegetation cover derived from satellite images, the SEBTA can fully account for the dynamic impacts of complex terrain and changing land cover in concert with some varying kinetic parameters (i.e., roughness and zero-plane displacement) over time. Besides, the dry and wet pixels can be recognized automatically and dynamically in image processing thereby making the SEBTA more sensitive to derive the sensible heat flux for ET estimation. To prove the application potential, the SEBTA was carried out to present the robust estimates of 24 h solar radiation over time, which leads to the smooth simulation of the ET over seasons in northern China where the regional climate and vegetation cover in different seasons compound the ET calculations. The SEBTA was validated by the measured data at the ground level. During validation, it shows that the consistency index reached 0.92 and the correlation coefficient was 0.87.
Spatio-temporal error growth in the multi-scale Lorenz'96 model
Authors: Herrera S. , Fernández J. , Rodríguez M. A. , Gutiérrez J. M.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The influence of multiple spatio-temporal scales on the error growth and predictability of atmospheric flows is analyzed throughout the paper. To this aim, we consider the two-scale Lorenz'96 model and study the interplay of the slow and fast variables on the error growth dynamics. It is shown that when the coupling between slow and fast variables is weak the slow variables dominate the evolution of fluctuations whereas in the case of strong coupling the fast variables impose a non-trivial complex error growth pattern on the slow variables with two different regimes, before and after saturation of fast variables. This complex behavior is analyzed using the recently introduced Mean-Variance Logarithmic (MVL) diagram.
Practical experience with initial quality assurance of a high dose rate brachytherapy grid‐based Boltzmann solver algorithm
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to validate the use of a model‐based dose calculation algorithm (MBDCA), Acuros BV, for high dose rate brachytherapy treatment planning for a community‐based hospital with a Bravos afterloader. Based on published AAPM recommendations, this work details a practical approach for community‐based clinics to complete initial validation of Acuros BV, in order to add a MBDCA to a TG‐43 based brachytherapy treatment planning program.

Methods

Source dimensions and materials used in Acuros BV and TG‐43 source models were compared to the physical source. TG‐186 testing was completed with standardized test cases externally calculated with Monte Carlo compared to locally calculated with Acuros BV. Point doses calculated using TG‐43 were compared to those calculated with Acuros BV in water at various dose grid settings. Secondary dose check software was used to evaluate dose distributions resembling clinical patient plans, both in water and on CT datasets representative of patient anatomy.

Results

The major source of discrepancy of source models was the length of modeled steel cable. TG‐186 testing showed that the largest differences between Monte Carlo and Acuros BV dose distributions were located along the source axis for cases calculated in water, as well as located in regions of high dose gradients and within the applicator for the case calculated with a generic shielded applicator. An audit of point doses calculated with both TG‐43 and Acuros BV in water found that dose grid settings significantly affected agreement. Secondary dose check software indicated that Acuros BV functioned satisfactorily, and a 5% threshold was adopted for secondary dose checks on gynecologic plans.

Conclusion

This validation process indicated that Acuros BV met expected standards and affirmed its suitability for integration into this clinical practice's brachytherapy treatment planning.
Accelerating the Laser‐Induced Phase Transition in Nanostructured FeRh via Plasmonic Absorption
Authors: Mattern M. , Pudell J.‐E. , Arregi J. A. , Zlámal J. , Kalousek R. , Uhlíř V. , Rössle M. , Bargheer M.
Published: May 2024

By ultrafast x‐ray diffraction (UXRD), it is shown that the laser‐induced magnetostructural phase transition in FeRh nanoislands proceeds faster and more complete than in continuous films. An intrinsic 8 ps timescale is observed for the nucleation of ferromagnetic (FM) domains in the optically excited fraction of both types of samples. For the continuous film, the substrate‐near regions are not directly exposed to light and are only slowly transformed to the FM state after heating above the transition temperature via near‐equilibrium heat transport. Numerical modeling of the absorption in the investigated nanoislands reveals a strong plasmonic contribution near the FeRh/MgO interface. The larger absorption and the optical excitation of the electrons in nearly the entire volume of the nanoislands enables a rapid phase transition throughout the entire volume at the intrinsic nucleation timescale.
Gelatin‐Mediated Vascular Self‐Assembly via a YAP‐MMP Signaling Axis
Authors: Keshavarz Mozhgan , Smith Quinton
Published: May 2024

Tissue self‐assembly relies on the interplay between structural cues imparted by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and instructive chemical factors that guide cellular signaling pathways. Here, it is reported that endothelial cell‐laden gelatin‐based hydrogels with optimized mechanical and chemical properties facilitate de novo vasculogenesis and recruitment of endogenous blood vessels in vivo. It is demonstrated that these engineered matrices, with tailored viscoelastic features and stiffness, drive vascular self‐assembly in a yes‐associated protein (YAP) mechanosensing‐dependent manner through integrin alpha V beta 3 (αvβ3) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity (MMP2). This research highlights how the ECM, in the form of gelatin‐based hydrogels with adjustable stress relaxation rates, drives vascular morphogenesis in the absence of growth factor supplementation, lending to a minimalistic platform for discretizing features of the microenvironment niche. Collectively, these results demonstrate a testbed that enables mechanistic evaluation of morphogenetic processes. Specifically, the results show how mechanical cues impact signaling pathways that modulate vascular remodeling, a critical tissue engineering paradigm needed for the translational application of vascularized grafts for regenerative medicine applications.
Avian Bone‐Inspired Super Fatigue Resistant MXene‐Based Aerogels with Human‐Like Tactile Perception for Multilevel Information Encryption Assisted by Machine Learning
Authors: Ren Jiafei , Huang Xing , Han Ruolin , Chen Guangxin , Li Qifang , Zhou Zheng
Published: May 2024

Developing multimodal sensors with human‐like tactile perception is highly desirable for wearable devices, electronic skins (e‐skins), and human‐machine interfaces. However, realizing decoupled signal output and high‐precision measurement remains challenging. Superelastic conductive aerogels are ideal materials for fabricating multimodal sensors as they can convert pressure and temperature stimuli into different electrical signals. Herein, inspired by the microstructure of lightweight and robust avian bones, a biomimetic lamellar silica nanofiber/MXene aerogel (LSMA) sensor for decoupled pressure and temperature sensing is first developed. The avian bone‐like lamellae‐strut structure endows the ultralight LSMA with superb fatigue resistance of 99.1% height retention after 10 000 compression cycles, which is second to none in the reported MXene‐based aerogels. Meanwhile, benefiting from the advantages of the aerogel structure, the LSMA sensor integrating piezoresistive and thermoelectric effects has an ultrahigh temperature resolution of 0.07 K and the lowest pressure detection limit of 0.20 Pa in the reported pressure‐temperature sensors. The unique performance renders it a promising platform for wearable physiological monitoring and tactile e‐skin. Furthermore, an innovative multilevel encryption protection system assisted by machine learning is designed based on the LSMA sensing array as the interactive terminal. This study provides novel insights into the design and application of multimodal sensors.
Synergistic Modulation of Excited State Ingredients and Chiroptical Activity for High‐Performance Pure‐Green Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Huang Haoxin , Li Nengquan , Li Wendi , Mo Xuechao , Cao Xiaosong , Miao Jingsheng , Yin Xiaojun , Yang Chuluo
Published: May 2024

The integration of chiral elements within a multiple resonance (MR) motif affords a prospective avenue to construct satisfying emitters tailored for state‐of‐the‐art circularly polarized organic light–emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). However, the concurrently realizing of both high luminescence efficiency and favorable dissymmetry factors (gPL) still remains a formidable challenge, particularly when aligning with the requirement of high color purity. Herein, a dual‐pronged approach is proposed to reconcile such trade‐offs by directly fusing a secondary chiral donor onto the MR scaffold, thereby facilitating a hybrid short/long‐range charge‐transfer with fine‐tuned compositions. Theoretical calculations unveil the pronounced impact of the chiral donor on meticulously refining the characteristics of excited states, therefore yielding a considerable gPL of 3.3 × 10−3, along with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.97, and a rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate of 3.06 × 105 s−1 in one embodiment. Leveraging these merits, electroluminescence devices incorporating them as chiral dopants exhibit exceptional performance, showcasing a peak external quantum efficiency of 36.6% and remarkable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.19, 0.71), which represent one of the most notable achievements among pure‐green CP‐OLEDs.
Microstructure Strain of ZnMn2O4 Spinel by Regulation of Tetrahedral Sites for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Chuan , Xiao Bo‐Hao , Huang Jiale , Xiao Kang , Liu Zhao‐Qing
Published: May 2024

Manganese oxides are widely used as cathode materials in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their low cost, multiple oxidation states, and high theoretical specific capacity. However, the further development of Mn‐based oxides is severely hindered by poor structural reversibility and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a microstructure strain strategy is proposed to regulate the microstructure of MnO6 in ZnMn2O4 (ZMO) through partial atomic substitution on tetrahedral sites. The Ni substitution of ZMO (ZNxMO) with enlarged crystal plane spacing, increased Mn─O bond binding energy, and enhanced oxygen vacancy defects exhibits superior structural stability and faster ion transport kinetics. Correspondingly, the ZN0.5MO/NCNTs cathode delivers a favorable high specific capacity of 239.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with excellent rate performance as well as longer‐term cycle life (over 3000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). The outstanding performance of ZNxMO is deeply rooted in its Zn2+‐transport friendly in asymmetric MnO6 channel and the structure reversibility during the Zn2+‐intercalation/deintercalation process. This study provides an excellent example of using a microstructure strain strategy to design stable and high‐specific capacity manganese‐based cathode materials for Zn storage.
Porous Structure‐Electrochemical Performance Relationship of Carbonaceous Electrode‐Based Zinc Ion Capacitors
Authors: Xiao Kang , Jiang Xudong , Zeng Siping , Chen Jierui , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: May 2024

The porous structure is critical for carbonaceous electrode‐based zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs) to achieve excellent electrochemical performance, but the corresponding porous structure‐electrochemical performance relationship is yet to be fully understand. Herein, three types of N‐doped carbons with different porous structures are developed to investigate the relationship between the pore size distribution and the electrochemical performance of the devices. The optimized porous carbon (LVCR) exhibits large electrochemical surface area, plentiful oxygen functional groups, and hierarchical porous structure that facilitates electron transfer and ion diffusion. Consequently, the LVCR‐based ZIC exhibits a remarkable peak power density of 31.4 kW kg−1 and an impressive specific energy density of 126.6 Wh kg−1. Moreover, it demonstrates exceptional longevity, retaining the capacitance of 97.7% even after undergoing 50 000 cycles. Systematic characterization demonstrates that the macroporous and mesoporous structures determine the different stages of Zn2+ storage kinetics. The excellent Zn2+ storage and electrochemical performance of LVCR are attributed to the fast ion transport channels provided by the hierarchical porous structure and facilitated reversible chemisorption and desorption. This work not only deepens the understanding of charge storage mechanism, but also provides guidelines for rationally designing carbonaceous materials toward high‐performance ZICs in the view of porous structure‐electrochemical performance relationship.
Probing the Superconductivity Limit of Li‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Yang Qiuping , Zhang Huimin , Zhao Jijun , Jiang Xue
Published: May 2024

The introduction of superconductivity in graphene systems is highly desirable from both fundamental physics and application perspectives. In this article, a superlattice strategy to develop a series of Li‐doped graphene is reported: deposition type‐I (Li2C6, Li2C8, LiC6, Li3C24, LiC12, LiC16, Li2C36, LiC24), intercalation type‐II (LiC4, Li2C12, LiC8, LiC12, LiC16), and coexisting deposition and intercalation type‐III (Li3C12). With increasing concentration of Li atoms, both metallicity, and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) has dramatically increased, which is favorable for the emergence of superconductivity in the screened Li–C compounds. Notably, graphene superlattice structures with intercalated Li2 atoms have higher stability, while Li1‐deposited graphene at the same concentration produces higher Tc. Among them, type‐I‐Li2C6, type‐I‐Li2C8, type‐II‐LiC4, and type‐III‐Li3C12 are phonon‐mediated superconductors with high transition temperatures (Tc) of 18, 12, 3.4, and 14 K, respectively. The EPC of type‐I‐Li2C6, type‐I‐Li2C8, and type‐III‐Li3C12 mainly arises from the coupling of the C‐2pz electron states with the low‐frequency (0–800 cm−1) deposition‐Lixy/Liz, and out‐of‐plane‐Cz vibrations. In contrast, the high‐frequency (800–1600 cm−1) vibration modes of in‐plane‐Cxy atoms are mainly responsible for the Tc of type‐II‐LiC4. The findings provide comprehensive insights into the superconductivity limit of Li‐doped graphene.
Defining Biomarkers in Stem Cell‐Derived Tissue Constructs for Drug and Disease Screening
Authors: Harris Alexander R. , McGivern Patrick , Gilbert Frederic , Van Bergen Nicole
Published: May 2024

The development of stem cell‐derived tissue constructs (SCTCs) for clinical applications, including regenerative medicine, drug and disease screening offers significant hope for detecting and treating intractable disorders. SCTCs display a variety of biomarkers that can be used to understand biological mechanisms, assess drug interactions, and predict disease. Although SCTCs can be derived from patients and share the same genetic make‐up, they are nevertheless distinct from human patients in many significant ways, which can undermine the clinical significance of measurements in SCTCs. This study defines biomarkers, how they apply to SCTCs, and clarifies specific ethical issues associated with the use of SCTCs for drug and disease screening.