bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exergy of Solar Dryer
Authors: Saleh Barghi Jahromi Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Due to the fact that it eliminates extra moisture and increases food products’ shelf lives, drying is an energy-intensive process in food preservation. Both renewable and non-renewable energy sources can be used to generate the energy needed for drying. Researchers have recently given sources like solar energy the highest consideration when employing renewable energy. Solar energy is the best source of energy for the drying process with solar dryer systems because it is free, clean, available, and economically viable. The usage of solar dryers in agricultural production areas like farms and gardens conserves a variety of energy resources (such as fossil fuel), improves food-processing efficiency, and lowers the cost of transportation. The main components of solar dryers are the fan, the solar air heater (SAH), and the dryer chamber, which is why there are different exergy factors. In the industry of solar dryers, it is crucial to improve drying energy effectiveness and lower energy consumption costs. Using modern technologies makes it easier to improve energy efficiency and lower operational expenses. The main goal of many studies today is to evaluate the energy costs of various drying techniques. This technique, also known as exergy economic analysis, makes sure that the primary contributing factors to system exergy loss are recognized and understood.
Gallbladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Surgical Management
Authors: Chopra Asmita , Paniccia Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Gallbladder cancer (GBCa) is a biliary tract malignancy that is common in South America and Southeast Asia, where patients often present with abdominal pain and jaundice. However, most cases of GBCa in the United States are diagnosed incidentally following cholecystectomy. The pre-operative diagnosis and evaluation involves imaging with ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET. In patients with incidental GBCa, the histopathology directs further management. The surgical management of GBCa ranges from a simple cholecystectomy to liver resection with lymphadenectomy. Bile duct and vascular resections are reserved to obtain negative margins. To date, multiple controversies remain in the management of GBCa. The determination of type of surgery is based predominantly on T stage. The need for liver resection for tumor on the peritonealized surface continues to be debated. The added value of neoadjuvant and peri-operative therapy is being actively investigated. Systemic therapy has greatly evolved encompassing the use of capecitabine, gemcitabine-cisplatin, with recent addition of taxanes, HER2 inhibitors, and immunotherapy using PD-L1 inhibitors including Durvalumab. This chapter describes current diagnosis and treatment practices for GBCa especially determinants of surgical management and the benefits of peri-operative systemic therapy highlighting the recent advances and shortcomings.
Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Species of the Genus Tagetes
Authors: Huaraca Aparco Rosa , del Carmen Delgado Laime María , Tapia Tadeo Fidelia , Wilfredo Agreda Cerna Henrry , Mescco Cáceres Edwin , Alarcón Camacho Juan , Yuri Godoy Medina Hans , Cañari Otero Calixto , Teresa Ecos Ramos Martha , Raul Ochoa Aquije Victor , Nelida Ascue Ruiz Rosa , Valverde Mamani Grecia , Franklin Flores Pacheco Niki
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of two species of the genus Tagetes (Tagetes minuta L. and Tagetes elliptica Sm). The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation, and its extraction performance, relative density, refractive index, and solubility in ethanol (70% v/v) were determined. The chemical components were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was determined by the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrocyl (DPPH) method and the trapping capacity of the ABTS*+ radical cation. In the essential oils of the species Tagetes, it was possible to identify 26 chemical components for the species Tagetes elliptica Sm. and 16 for Tagetes minuta L., both species presented as main components monoterpenes (61%) and sesquiterpenes (44%). The compounds found were β-myrcene, trans-tagetone, β-trans-ocimene, and β-caryophyllene. Essential oils showed a variation in extraction yields and density. The refractive index was higher in the species Tagetes elliptica Sm., finding a high solubility in both species. A variation was found between 1.77 and 2.56 mg/mL of antioxidant activity by the DPPH method and 21.02–41.06 mg/mL for ABTS*+. The essential oils of the species Tagetes elliptica Sm.y and Tagetes minuta L. have bioactive components with antimicrobial and antioxidant potentialities for use for food preservatives.
Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Leisheng , Feng Xiaoming , Han Zhihai , Han Zhongchao
Published: January 2023

Natural killer (NK) cells are advantaged immune cells and play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. To date, autogenous and allogenic NK cells have been generated from a variety of origins, including perinatal blood (e.g., umbilical cord blood and placental blood), peripheral blood, and even stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells). NK cells function mainly via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), direct cytolytic effect, and paracrine effects (e.g., IFN-γ, GM-CSF, granzyme, and perforin). Distinguishing from the adaptive immunizing cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes), NK cells, and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced NK (CAR-NK), cell-based cytotherapy is adequate to fulfill the biofunction of eliminating pathogenic infection, combating hematological malignancies and metastatic solid tumors, and delaying aging. In this chapter, we mainly focus on the state-of-the-art renewal of NK cell-based cytotherapy for cancer immunosurveillance and immunotherapy from the view of high-efficient in vitro preparation (e.g., candidate cell sources and ex vivo cultivation) and preclinical and clinical investigation. Furthermore, we also figure out the promising prospects and the concomitant challenges of NK cell-based remedies for cancer management in future, which will collectively benefit the development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy in future.
How Aspects of Characteristic-Based Learner Development: Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor Aspects
Authors: Naro Wahyuddin , Mirnawati Mirnawati , Suarni Suarni , Gani Sitti Maryam
Published: January 2023

The aspects of characteristic-based learner development are three dimensions that must be considered during the learner development process.The three dimensions are: 1) The cognitive aspect, which includes the development of thinking, reasoning, and understanding skills. This aspect aims to develop learners' abilities to process information and solve problems. 2) Affective aspects, which include the development of one's feelings, attitudes, and emotions. This aspect aims to develop learners' abilities to control and manage their emotions and form a positive attitude towards themselves and others. 3) Psychomotor aspects, which include the development of a person's physical abilities, including muscle coordination, speed, and strength. This aspect aims to develop learners' abilities to perform various physical activities, such as sports, arts, and work. The development of these three aspects is necessary so that learners can become physically and mentally healthy individuals and be able to adjust to their environment.
PENERAPAN ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP CHART (ARC) PADA TATA LETAK FASILITAS PENGEMASAN DI PT ADI SATRIA ABADI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Najunda Septianing Arini  , Jamila  , Erlita Pramitaningrum
Published: January 2023

PT Adi Satria Abadi Yogyakarta merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri produk kulit jadi yaitu berupa sarung tangan golf. Di perusahaan tersebut, departemen packing merupakan bagian paling akhir dari proses produksi sarung tangan sebelum akhirnya produk dikirim ke buyer. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan, ditemukan permasalahan yaitu saat pengambilan komponen material packing atau disebut juga dengan proses persiapan pengemasan. Pada proses ini, pemindahan dan pencarian komponen material packing membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya pemborosan waktu. Selain itu, pada proses tersebut juga terjadi kesalahan pada kesesuaian size material packing dengan sarung tangan yang akan dikemas. Faktor penyebab lamanya waktu pemindahan dan pencarian komponen material disebabkan oleh penempatan material yang disusun dengan menggabungkan dua fasilitas dalam satu area. Untuk faktor penyebab ketidaksesuaian size sarung tangan dengan size material adalah metode atau urutan prosedur packing. Usulan perbaikan masalah adalah dengan memperbaiki tata letak yaitu memisahkan area penyimpanan karton siap kirim dan area penyimpanan material agar meminimalkan waktu pada saat pencarian material. Area penyimpanan material diletakkan dekat dengan meja packing karena sesuai dengan analisis berdasarkan Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) bahwa kedua area tersebut masuk dalam kategori mutlak, yakni jarak antara fasilitas harus saling berdekatan. Usulan perbaikan tata letak berpengaruh terhadap waktu dan kecepatan persiapan pengemasan. Waktu yang dibutuhkan pada saat persiapan pengemasan akan lebih sedikit dibandingkan tata letak awal. Waktu pada usulan layout terhitung lebih cepat (14,2 detik) dibandingkan waktu yang dibutuhkan pada layout awal (80 detik). Hasil penerapan ARC pada perbaikan tata letak fasilitas departemen packing bertujuan untuk mengetahui jarak perpindahan guna meminimalkan material handling dan derajat hubungan aktivitas produksi yang berlangsung sehingga dapat menghasilkan usulan tata letak fasilitas yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
PERHITUNGAN NILAI KETIDAKPASTIAN (UNCERTAINTY) PADA UJI TEBAL KULIT MENGGUNAKAN ALAT UKUR THICKNESS
Authors: Eko Nuraini  , Prasetyo Hermawan
Published: January 2023

The manufacture of handicraft products or footwear requires materials according to standards. One of the materials for footwear products is tanned leather, the leather requires a certain thickness according to what has been required, this concerns the comfort and aesthetic value of the product being made. Producers of leather-based crafts need to know the thickness of the leather that will be used as the raw material. The problem is that laboratory personnel in carrying out tests have not carried out or made uncertainty calculations on the test results. The aim of the research is to calculate the uncertainty value of the sample test results with the thickness parameter. The activities will be carried out from May to June 2022 at the ATK Yogyakarta Polytechnic Physical Testing Laboratory. The material used for the box shell for the test method uses SNI 06-7128-2005. The tools used were thicknesses, tables, silver ink and stationery for the test treatment procedure ten times. The results of the study yielded data with an average value of 1.081; standard deviation of 0.02165; standard uncertainty value of calibration (µK) of 0.01; standard uncertainty value of precision (µP) of 0.0125 and a combined uncertainty value of 0.1468. Conclusion the thickness of the box skin is 1.081 ± 0.1468 so that the skin sample meets the requirements of SII 06-0234-1989 on a quality standard of 0.8-1.7 mm thick.
A Study on Invest-worthiness of few selected Indian FMCG companies with specific emphasis on their Financials and Capital Market Performances
Authors: Dhar Sujoy Kumar
Published: January 2023

Different attributes of investment should be considered before investing in capital market such as risk, return, marketability, tax shelter, convenience etc. The proposed research work will discuss invest worthiness of few selected Indian FMCG companies such as Nestle, Hindustan Unilever, Godrej, ITC and Dabur. Invest worthiness of stock can be analysed after taking into account both financial as well as capital market performance. Five profitability ratios have been calculated to evaluate the extent of compliance to the shareholders’ wealth maximisation goal of companies. Apart from computation of daily return and risk, coefficient of variation has also been taken into consideration to judge the risk per unit return generated by these stocks. The financial year 2019-20 has been taken into account for study.
Word Problem Performance of U.S. First Graders in the 20th Century and Common Core Era
Authors: Schoen Robert , Whitacre Ian , Champagne Zachary
Published: January 2023

Changes in U.S. textbooks indicate that U.S. first-grade students in the Common Core era were exposed to a wider variety of word problem types than students in previous generations were. We compared the performance of U.S. first graders in the Common Core era with that of previous generations in solving 11 types of additive word problems to investigate a decades-long debate—whether certain types of word problems are inherently more difficult than others or whether relative difficulty is influenced by exposure. We found that overall patterns of relative difficulty persist; however, U.S. first graders in the Common Core era outperformed their historical counterparts when solving the types of problems that rarely appeared in textbooks used in the 1980s.
The Life and Times of a Third-Grade Pencil
Authors: Kandel Matthew
Published: January 2023

Students determine the usable lifespan of a pencil in this mathematical modeling activity.
GPS: Iterating and Partitioning
Authors: Siebert Daniel K. , McCleod Monica G.
Published: January 2023

Growing Problem Solvers provides four original, related, classroom-ready mathematical tasks, one for each grade band. Together, these tasks illustrate the trajectory of learners’ growth as problem solvers across their years of school mathematics.
Teaching Is a Journey: Coaching as a Springboard
Authors: Benedict Jordan
Published: January 2023

This department provides a space for current and past PK–12 teachers of mathematics to connect with other teachers of mathematics through their stories that lend personal and professional support.
Más allá del aula: Los Jardines Botánicos como recursos educativos y contextos de aprendizaje
Authors: Foresto Emiliano
Published: January 2023

Este artículo pone foco en los Jardines Botánicos (JB) como escenarios interesantes desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje, motivando a docentes a utilizarlos como recursos educativos y contextos de aprendizaje. Se divide en siete secciones: (1) se realiza una introducción a la temática, haciendo énfasis en la idea del aprendizaje más allá del aula; (2) se realiza una indagación teórica en torno a los contextos museológicos de los JB, qué son, una breve historia y para qué sirven; (3) se considera la importancia de las plantas y cómo promover su estudio; (4) se muestra cómo localizar el JB más cercano a tu ubicación; (5) se ofrecen temáticas para abordar en un JB; y (6) se ofrece una secuencia didáctica para trabajar antes, durante y después de la visita a un JB.
La Transición democrática en los libros de texto: una reflexión desde los manuales de 2º de Bachillerato
Authors: Magaldi Fernández Adrián
Published: January 2023

La Transición democrática supone un período clave en la formación ciudadana de nuestros estudiantes, al ser el hito configurador del actual sistema democrático. Este artículo pretende realizar una radiografía sobre la forma en que se estudia la Transición en Bachillerato. Para ello se analizará el que continúa siendo el principal instrumento pedagógico: el libro de texto. De una recopilación de 12 manuales se analizarán su estructura, contenido, iconografía y actividades, así como el uso dado por el profesorado, tomándose como marco de referencia la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Este acercamiento permitirá conocer los relatos y pedagogías a través de los que gran parte de nuestros estudiantes aprenden la historia de la Transición.
Enseñanza en torno a problemas y educación para la ciudadanía en la universidad. Obstáculos y dinamizadores del cambio en la formación docente universitaria
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Noelia , Navarro-Medina Elisa , De-Alba-Fernández Nicolás
Published: January 2023

La educación se enfrenta al desafío de formar a una ciudadanía capaz de responder a los problemas actuales. En este artículo presentamos un estudio de casos múltiple con nueve docentes universitarios en formación. La investigación busca determinar los itinerarios de cambio al incluir problemas sociales relevantes para trabajar la educación para la ciudadanía en sus clases. Mediante una técnica de análisis de contenido conocemos las concepciones sobre las prácticas docentes, antes y después de la formación recibida. Los resultados apuntan a una menor resistencia para cambiar el modelo metodológico e introducir estrategias basadas en la reflexión crítica que para transformar las finalidades y los contenidos.
Las Ciencias Sociales en la formación docente: percepción de los estudiantes del Grado en Maestro en Educación Primaria
Authors: Delgado Álvarez Rubén , De León Perera Cristo José , Bajo Bajo María Jesús
Published: January 2023

El desarrollo del presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar la percepción que tiene el alumnado del Grado en Maestro en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Salamanca sobre las Ciencias Sociales como materia escolar. Mediante una metodología cualitativa basada en la técnica de la entrevista se ha recogido información de un total de once informantes que han respondido a cuestiones tales como sus conocimientos de las Ciencias Sociales, cómo las han aprendido y cómo las enseñarán. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el aprendizaje memorístico y la falta de motivación han sido los aspectos más destacados durante las etapas preuniversitarias. En cambio, durante su periodo de formación como docentes esta tendencia ha cambiado y consideran que las Ciencias Sociales pueden aportarles habilidades y competencias profesionales para configurar una sociedad respetuosa y con valores.
Educación para la ciudadanía en los libros de texto del segundo curso de Educación Infantil
Authors: Puig Gutiérrez María , Espino Peñate Esperanza Del Rocío
Published: January 2023

La educación para la ciudadanía constituye una oportunidad transformadora de la triple crisis planetaria: ecológica, socioambiental y cívica. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido conocer su enfoque según el principal material curricular utilizado: el libro de texto. Para ello, se consideraron dos editoriales representativas en las aulas infantiles de la ciudad de Sevilla. Concretamente, se aplicó el análisis de contenido a partir de un guion diseñado. Los resultados mostraron la inadaptación educativa a la realidad natural y social, así como la inatención al derecho de participación activa. El trabajo individualizado y pasivo que emerge de la “cultura de fichas” se aleja del conocimiento y relación para con el medio. En este sentido, el análisis de los materiales curriculares refleja la necesidad de replantear la educación en cualquiera de sus niveles de concreción. Este estudio invita a la reflexión crítica en torno al valor de la formación ciudadana ya desde la infancia.
At the Dominion of the Disasters: Rural Communities of Yakutia in the Conditions of Floods of the Twentieth Century (on the Example of the Village of Khotochu, Zhemkonsky 1st Nasleg, Khangalassky District)
Authors: Filippova Viktoriia Viktorovna , Grigorev Stepan Alekseevich
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify optimal strategies for the survival and development of small settlements in the Arctic region facing threats of a sharp change in the water balance of adjacent territories caused by Climatic changes. The territory of Yakutia occupies majority areas not only in the Arctic zone of Russia, but also in the world. The impact of Climate change in Yakutia will accordingly affect the local, regional, Russian and global levels. As an illustrative example, the small Yakut village of Khotochu, located on the banks of the Lena river and regularly exposed to the threat of flooding, is taken. To this end, the authors of this study collected materials from the archive of the municipality "Zhemkonsky 1st nasleg", which includes the village of Khotochu, official documents of departmental organizations, annual reports of heads of municipalities and already published scientific articles. Also in September 2021, field materials (interviews and questionnaire survey data) were collected directly in the village and in the surrounding areas. As a result, the authors identified the current socio-economic situation of this settlement, its history, the main problems faced by the villagers, the measures taken by administrative authorities at various levels, as well as the opinion of local residents. The vulnerability of the village of Khotochu to the negative consequences of water resources is characterized. Based on the study of the experience of adaptation of the residents of the village of Khotochu to the floods of the twentieth century, the decisions taken by the authorities to ensure the safety of population in Yakutia, based on the results of the study, recommendations were made to administrative and governing bodies of various levels to minimize hydrological risks and adopt more effective adaptive strategies.
The Main Approaches in the Art Criticism Examination of Naive Art: Positions of Western European and Domestic Researchers
Authors: Avdeyeva Vera  Vladimirovna
Published: January 2023

The subject of this article is naive art, one of the important artistic trends of the XX - early XXI centuries. The object of the study is the main approaches of experts to the study of naive art. At the first stage: 1930s–1950s – a historical approach was formed, which is associated with the definition of naive art as one of the forms of amateur art, "hobby". At the second stage – the 1960s-1990s, the traditional approach is considered, which includes the consideration of naive art as a separate artistic direction. Innovative approach: 1990-2000: determined by the study of naive art from the point of view of outsider art. The main contribution of the research is to determine the criteria of naive art as a separate direction, and in the context of a whole range of directions of non-professional art. These include amateur creativity, naive art, "borderline artists", art brut, the art of outsiders. Their main features are determined. The novelty of the research is a generalizing analysis of the presented approaches to the study of naive art of the twentieth century, the main criteria of naive art are clarified and described. During its attribution and examination, it will allow the most accurate and complete to give an art criticism assessment, to talk about the authenticity, authorship, historical value of specific works of naive art.
Queering the Gender Binary American Trans-Themed YA Literature and Its Translation into Italian
Authors: Spallaccia Beatrice
Published: January 2023

After experiencing a long-lasting erasure, transgender identities have lately become a core issue in the political and cultural debates of many Western societies (Stryker 2017). For this reason, the present contribution focuses on trans visibility in YA literature between the US and Italy. First, it maps out the evolution of American trans-themed novels and explains how the Italian publishing has reacted to them. Second, it presents two case studies to discuss the main ethical and professional challenges in translating books which feature trans protagonists and gender-neutral language. In the first case study, the paper analyzes the strategies found in the Italian translation of the novel Cemetery Boys (Thomas 2020). Later, it focuses on a book which has not been translated into Italian yet, i.e., Gender Queer (Kobabe 2019a). In doing so, the contribution demonstrates that the translation of these texts implies navigating through innovation and linguistic compromise. In conclusion, it argues that, thanks to translation, teen readers can discover new possibility models, which are vital resources to understand themselves and the complex society they live in.
“Le professeur est très intelligent / La prof est très attirante”. Recognizing and Reducing Gender Bias in Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Sofo Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

The encounter between Translation Studies and Gender Studies has proven extremely important for the investigation of the issues related to gender representation that are implicit in every natural language, and that processes of translation help to futher unveil. The rapid evolution of Neural Machine Translation over the last years, and the overwhelming presence of machine translation in the contemporary society, call for an investigation of how these issues of gender representation have evolved in the context of machine translation. After outlining the encounter between Translation Studies and Gender Studies, as well as the evolution of machine translation over the last decades, this article will focus on the definition of the issue of gender bias in Neural Machine Translation, on its origins and consequences, and on the attempts that have been made at eliminating or at least reducing gender bias in machine translation.
“Thematic Adaptation”. On Localizing the Language of “Global Feminism” and Gender Politics in Transnational Feminist Translation Practice and Studies
Authors: von Flotow Luise
Published: January 2023

This article reviews the linguistic and socio-cultural challenges encountered in the many different attempts by “global feminism” to mobilize concepts deriving from gender politics worldwide: the term “gender” itself and derivations such as “gender mainstreaming” are discussed. Then the article moves to questions around the translation and adaptation of “international gender talk” and cites various discussions from the realm of transnational feminist Translation Studies, a relatively new approach to the problem of communicating “gender” issues across diverse cultural and linguistic borders. It ends with a description and assessment of a recent “localizing” translation project, namely Corps Accord. Pour une sexualité positive (Montreal, Les Éditions du Remue-Ménage, 2019), an intersectional, post-colonial and transnational feminist translation into French of selected chapters from Our Bodies, Ourselves, the famed American feminist reproductive health manual from the 1970s. “Thematic adaptation” is proposed and discussed as an appropriate translation strategy for such genderfocused materials.
Édition jeunesse généraliste, traduction et questions de genre. Analyse comparée du geste éditorial de Babalibri et de L’école des loisirs
Authors: Amadori Sara
Published: January 2023

This study proposes a comparative analysis of the editorial politics of two children’s publishing houses, Babalibri and L’école des loisirs, whose relationship was built on exchanges of rights of works to be translated. The study is based on the theoretical framework of Translation Studies from a gender perspective as well as on discourse analysis. It examines the ethos projected by the managers of the two publishing houses in two corpora of interviews, as well as by their catalogues and by their editorial choices. The analysis shows that the two publishing houses do not have the same willingness to engage politically and to be open to gender issues due to their positioning in the literary field as well as to the different socio-cultural contexts in which they operate.
Mental Health Problems Among Adolescent Students
Authors: Astutik Windu , Dewi Ni Luh Made Asri
Published: January 2023

Concern for adolescents usually focuses on physical problems, such as reproductive health and nutrition, including anemia and obesity. Nowadays, adolescent mental health has been recognized as essential, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Mental health problems that often occur in adolescents include anxiety, depression, and the risk of suicide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental health problems and the risk of suicide among adolescent students in Bali Province, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 435 students from four junior high schools (Grades 7, 8, and 9) aged 12–15 years who were selected with a multistage sampling technique. This descriptive study applied the Indonesian version of the Pediatrics Symptom Checklist-Youth (PSC-Y) report. The results showed that 14.5% of adolescent students experienced mental health problems, and 6.7% had a risk of suicide. Screening for adolescent mental health, especially in school, is important to ensure normal development and detect mental health problems as early as possible.

Keywords: adolescent mental health, junior high school student, suicide risk

 

 

Abstrak

 

Masalah Kesehatan Jiwa pada Siswa Remaja. Dewasa ini, masalah fisik kerap menjadi perhatian pada remaja, seperti kesehatan reproduksi dan nutrisi (anemia dan obesitas), dan masih sangat sedikit orang yang memerhatikan masalah kesehatan jiwa. Padahal, kesehatan jiwa memiliki peran penting dalam tahap kehidupan remaja kedepannya. Belakangan ini, masalah kesehatan jiwa yang banyak ditemui pada remaja adalah ansietas, depresi, dan risiko bunuh diri. Kasus-kasus kejiwaan tersebut belum terdokumentasi dengan baik karena tidak ada deteksi dini terhadap masalah kesehatan jiwa di Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi masalah kesehatan jiwa dan risiko bunuh diri pada siswa remaja di Bali, Indonesia. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah 435 siswa remaja dari empat SMP di Kota Denpasar (Kelas 7, 8, dan 9) berusia 12 – 15 tahun yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik multistage simple random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi deskriptif kuantitatif dan instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Pediatrics Symptom Checklist-Youth (PSC-Y) Report, yang diolah menggunakan SPSS dengan interval kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada 14,5% siswa remaja mengalami masalah kesehatan jiwa dan 6,7% memiliki risiko bunuh diri. Skrining kesehatan mental remaja sangat penting, terutama dilakukan oleh sekolah, untuk menjaga tumbuh kembang remaja dengan jiwa yang sehat dengan mendeteksi sedini mungkin masalah kesehatan mental tersebut.

Kata Kunci: masalah kesehatan jiwa, remaja, risiko bunuh diri, sekolah menengah pertama
Dalpiciclib partially abrogates ER signaling activation induced by pyrotinib in HER2+HR+ breast cancer
Authors: Bu Jiawen , Zhang Yixiao , Niu Nan , Bi Kewei , Sun Lisha , Qiao Xinbo , Wang Yimin , Zhang Yinan , Jiang Xiaofan , Wang Dan , Ma Qingtian , Li Huajun , Liu Caigang
Published: January 2023

Recent evidences from clinical trials (NCT04486911) revealed that the combination of pyrotinib, letrozole, and dalpiciclib exerted optimistic therapeutic effect in treating HER2+HR+ breast cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remained elusive. Through the drug sensitivity test, the drug combination efficacy of pyrotinib, tamoxifen, and dalpiciclib to BT474 cells was tested. The underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated using immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and cell cycle analysis. Potential risk factor that may indicate the responsiveness to drug treatment in HER2+/HR+ breast cancer was identified using RNA-sequence and evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and in vivo drug susceptibility test. We found that pyrotinib combined with dalpiciclib exerted better cytotoxic efficacy than pyrotinib combined with tamoxifen in BT474 cells. Degradation of HER2 could enhance ER nuclear transportation, activating ER signaling pathway in BT474 cells, whereas dalpiciclib could partially abrogate this process. This may be the underlying mechanism by which combination of pyrotinib, tamoxifen, and dalpiciclib exerted best cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, CALML5 was revealed to be a risk factor in the treatment of HER2+/HR+ breast cancer and the usage of dalpiciclib might overcome the drug resistance to pyrotinib + tamoxifen due to CALML5 expression. Our study provided evidence that the usage of dalpiciclib in the treatment of HER2+/HR+ breast cancer could partially abrogate the estrogen signaling pathway activation caused by anti-HER2 therapy and revealed that CALML5 could serve as a risk factor in the treatment of HER2+/HR+ breast cancer.
From international competition to intercultural competence
Authors: Sjøen Martin M.
Published: January 2023

This study explores international practicums in Norwegian teacher education. The study is based on a qualitative survey of teacher education institutions in combination with discourse analysis of the white paper on the internationalisation of education (Meld. St. 7 (2020—2021)). The aim is to contribute towards synthesising knowledge on the use of international practicums as an internationalisation strategy in Norway. The survey finds that international practicums are widely used, yet variations in content, form and implementation exist between different institutions. This is explained by how international practicums are neither regarded, nor rewarded as a formal internationalisation strategy in Norway. Analysis of the white paper reveals tensions between different educational discourses on internationalisation. While the discourse analysis identifies political recognition of international practicums in teacher education, the Norwegian Government remain reluctant to recognise international practicums as a formalised internationalisation strategy. The study concludes that this prioritisation risks undermining parts of the fundamental purpose of internationalisation, which is understood as the integration of international, intercultural and global dimensions throughout the educational system.
“I am Sámi, but I am not a Sámi”
Authors: Stenseth Anna-Maria
Published: January 2023

This article gives voice to coastal Sámi students and explores their negotiations over being Sámi or Norwegian within the Norwegian education system. Through interviews, students share insights on the extent to which education focuses on Sámi issues and reflect upon their identity. The article explores how youths negotiate personal identity within pre-existing structures by employing Archer’s theory on structure and agency as a backdrop. The changing phases in how ‘western’ societies view indigenous practices and knowledges are applied together with (de)colonial perspectives to understand (colonial) structures. Some key findings are that the coastal Sámi students’ identity negotiations are complex, as official discourses seem to restrict them from identifying as ‘real’ Sámi, and that the local Sámi is within a discursive void due to unintended consequences resulting from the unification in the centralised education system. In focusing on students and using the educational system as a backdrop, this article seeks to deepen the understanding of how society and the educational system in particular condition students’ notions of what it entails to be Sámi and how students negotiate their identity.
Immune fitness and lifestyle habits of Saudi medical students: a cross sectional study
Authors: Alharbi Azzah S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Immune function reaches an optimum level in young adults. However, young adults are more likely to adopt potentially harmful habits that may pose a risk to their long-term health and immune fitness, and which eventually may put a substantial burden on the healthcare system. This study aimed to assess the status of medical students’ immune fitness, using the immune status questionnaire (ISQ) and exploring the association with the commonly adopted lifestyle habits hypothesized to have an impact on immune functions.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among preclinical students attending the medical school of King Abdulaziz University. An online self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the immune status (ISQ), perceived (momentary) immune fitness, general health, lifestyle habits and students’ perception of these lifestyle-associated impacts on immune fitness. Descriptive, Spearman’s correlation and stepwise linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

In a pooled sample of 211 participants, the overall ISQ score was 6.00 ± 5.0 with statistically significant abnormally lower scores in females (ISQ 5.00 ± 5.0, p < 0.001). 49.29% of respondents experienced poor immune fitness as measured by the ISQ (<6). The ISQ score was significantly correlated with fast and fatty food consumption (p = 0.003), daytime sleepiness (p = 0.001), and BMI subgroups (p = 0.028) negatively and positively correlated with adherence to a program of exercise (p = 0.005). A total of 41.23% of participants who reported a normal immune health, rated at ≥6 were graded below 6 on the ISQ score. Only 62.6% of students were able to correctly identify the effects of fast and fatty food consumption on immune fitness.

Conclusion

Poor immune fitness was common among medical students in KAU and associated significantly with their adopted lifestyle habits. Although, other factors can be significant contributors, biased immune health perception and lack of awareness of these lifestyle-associated impacts on immune fitness and general health may hinder the adoption of healthier habits. Immune biomarkers should be implemented in future work.
Validation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol equations in pediatric population
Authors: Ertürk Zararsız Gözde , Bolat Serkan , Cephe Ahu , Kochan Necla , Yerlitaş Serra Ilayda , Doğan Halef Okan , Zararsız Gökmen
Published: January 2023

Several studies have shown a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in children. Since childhood lipid concentrations continue into adulthood, recognition of lipid abnormalities in the early period is crucial to prevent the development of future coronary heart disease (CHD). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most used parameters in the initiation and follow-up of treatment in patients with dyslipidemia. It is a well known fact that LDL-C lowering therapy reduces the risk of future CHD. Therefore, accurate determination of the LDL-C levels is so important for the management of lipid abnormalities. This study aimed to validate different LDL-C estimating equations in the Turkish population, composed of children and adolescents. A total of 3,908 children below 18 years old at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital (Sivas, Turkey) were included in this study. LDL-C was directly measured by direct homogeneous assays, i.e., Roche, Beckman, Siemens and estimated by Friedewald’s, Martin/Hopkins’, extended Martin-Hopkins’ and Sampson’s formulas. The concordances between the estimations obtained by the formulas and the direct measurements were evaluated both overall and separately for the LDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) sublevels. Linear regression analysis was performed and residual error plots were generated between each estimation and direct measurement method. Coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute deviations were also evaluated. The overall concordance of Friedewald, Sampson, Martin-Hopkins and the extended Martin-Hopkins formula were 64.6%, 69.9%, 69.4%, and 84.3% for the Roche direct assay, 69.8%, 71.6%, 73.6% and 80.4% for the Siemens direct assay, 66.5%, 68.8%, 68.9% and 82.1% for the Beckman direct assay, respectively. The extended Martin-Hopkins formula had the highest concordance coefficient in both overall and all sublevels of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TG. When estimating the LDL-C categories, the highest underestimation degrees were obtained with the Friedewald formula. Our analysis, conducted in a large pediatric population, showed that the extended Martin-Hopkins equation gives more reliable results in estimation of LDL-C compared to other equations.
Short-term improvement of heat tolerance in naturally growing Acropora corals in Okinawa
Authors: Singh Tanya , Sakai Kazuhiko , Ishida-Castañeda Jun , Iguchi Akira
Published: January 2023

Mass bleaching and subsequent mortality of reef corals by heat stress has increased globally since the late 20th century, due to global warming. Some experimental studies have reported that corals may increase heat tolerance for short periods, but only a few such studies have monitored naturally-growing colonies. Therefore, we monitored the survival, growth, and bleaching status of Acropora corals in fixed plots by distinguishing individual colonies on a heat-sensitive reef flat in Okinawa, Japan. The level of heat stress, assessed by the modified version of degree heating week duration in July and August, when the seawater temperature was the highest, was minimally but significantly higher in 2017 than in 2016; however, the same colonies exhibited less bleaching and mortality in 2017 than in 2016. Another study conducted at the same site showed that the dominant unicellular endosymbiotic algal species did not change before and after the 2016 bleaching, indicating that shifting and switching of the Symbiodiniaceae community did not contribute to improved heat tolerance. Colonies that suffered from partial mortality in 2016 were completely bleached at higher rates in 2017 than those without partial mortality in 2016. The present results suggest that either genetic or epigenetic changes in coral hosts and/or algal symbionts, or the shifting or switching of microbes other than endosymbionts, may have improved coral holobiont heat tolerance.
Evaluation of Oxidative DNA Damage among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Healthy Individuals in Duhok, Iraq: A Case-control Study
Authors: Mahmoud Hivi Mohammed , Ali Ardawan Fathi , Hassan Wahid Mohammed , Ahmed Idris Haji , Altimimi Dhia Jaafer
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The association between oxidative Deoxy Ribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage and diabetes is well established. Increased glucose levels can stimulate free radical production. However, data regarding DNA damage in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients and healthy individuals are controversial and scarce in Iraq. Aim: To assess the DNA damage among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to analyse its relationship with oxidative stress biomarkers. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Duhok Diabetes Center, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from September 2016 to March 2018. In this study, biomarkers of both oxidative stress and DNA damage including Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured in 297 patients with type 2 diabetes and 188 healthy individuals. Selection of cases and healthy individuals was done using random sampling technique. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 and a p-value <0.05 was set as a cut off value of statistical significance. Results: The mean age, sex and Body Mass Index (BMI) were similar between patients and healthy individuals. Significantly higher 8-OHdG and MDA levels (p<0.001 and p<0.010, respectively) together with lower TAC levels (p=0.010) were found in diabetics compared to healthy individuals. In diabetic patients, a positive correlation of 8-OHdG was observed with MDA (r=0.220), and a negative correlation was observed with TAC (r= -0.47). Based on the estimated cut-off point of DNA damage (8-OHdG of 4.0 ng/mL), 84.51% of patients had high levels of DNA damage compared with healthy individuals (28.7%). Conclusion: Oxidative DNA damage increased in diabetic patients, and was associated with lower antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may be an effective public health intervention to reduce DNA damage and oxidative stress.
A Rare Presentation of Scrub Typhus: Multi-Organ Dysfunction [Acute Kidney Injury, Hepatitis] and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Shah Bhaumil , Kumar Sunil , Shah Shaily
Published: January 2023

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi- a gram negative intracellular bacilli. It typically manifests as eschar formation, fever, rash, myalgia and diffuse lymphadenopathy. The clinical severity of scrub typhus ranges from mild fever to a lethal outcome. Complications like sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)--hepatitis, acute kidney injury contribute to the higher mortality rates, which range from 7-30% in untreated cases. Here, we report a case of 35 years old male who presented with complaints of fever, headache, generalised abdominal pain and dry cough for 7 days. The patient was tested positive for Scrub Typhus IgM antibody; and was complicated with MODS- AKI, Hepatitis and ARDS. After extensive intensive care, monitoring and treatment of 15-20 days, the patient recovered. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment aids in decreasing the mortality in such cases.
Genomic Study of TCF7L2 Gene Mutation on Insulin Secretion for Type 2 DM Patients: A Review
Authors: Darwish Hassan S. , Alrahbi Badriya , Almamri Hajer , Noone Manohar , Osman Hussam , Abdelhalim Ashgan
Published: January 2023

Aim: This paper aims to establish whether a correlation between TCF7L2 gene mutation on insulin secretion for Type 2 DM Patients.

Background: Diabetes type 2 is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Beta cell dysfunction reduces insulin secretion and increases the glucose level in the blood and insulin resistance that raises the glucose production in the liver and decreases the glucose uptake to muscle, liver, and adipose tissue causing hyperglycemia (T2DM). TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2) works as a nuclear Receptor for CTNNB1(B catenin) that mediated the WNT signaling pathway (a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell) and any variation will cause the development of T2DM.

Methods: GenBank in NCBI database was used to extract the DNA sequence and mRNA sequence of the TCF7L2 gene (an accession number of the gene, number of amino acids, exons, and length of nucleotides). FASTA format was also useful to retrieve the nucleotide sequence and get the function of the protein. BLAST was used to compare the protein product of the TCF7L2gene between humans and gorillas, and pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus).

Results: The accession number is NC_000010.11, the number of amino acids in the protein product is 602, the number of exons found is 20 and the gene is in chromosome 10. Finally, many organisms have the same gene as dogs, cows, mice, rats, zebrafish, and frogs.

Conclusion: There is a strong association between TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2) alleles (rs7903146) T alleles and T2DM. It was found that there is a high frequency of diabetic type two patients having TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7–like 2) alleles (rs7903146) with a high frequency of the T allele.