bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadband Polarization‐Switchable Multi‐Focal Noninterleaved Metalenses in the Visible
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Jian , Hu Yueqiang , Lai Jiajie , Wang Shuai , Yang Ping , Li Xianglin , Duan Huigao
Published: September 2021

Multi‐focal lenses are widely applied in zoom imaging, parallel laser processing, 3D displays, among others. However, conventional refractive or diffractive elements cannot realize independently switchable multi‐focal points at arbitrary spatial positions. The ultra‐thin metasurface provides a compact solution while the commonly used interleaved meta‐units scheme deteriorates the performance of the meta‐devices. Here the authors propose all‐dielectric noninterleaved metalenses with polarization‐switchable multi‐focal points. By fully using the degrees of freedom of the single rectangular nanopillar, up to three independently switchable focal points at any spatial position can be realized in a metalens with a single‐structure lattice. With the near‐zero crosstalk between orthogonal polarization channels, polarization detection, zoom imaging, variable‐parameter phase detection, and parallel laser lithography are demonstrated. The multichannel scheme by fully utilizing the polarization freedom paves the way for various multifunctional components.
Spatiotemporal patterns in a diffusive predator–prey system with Leslie–Gower term and social behavior for the prey
Authors: Souna Fethi , Lakmeche Abdelkader
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we deal with a new approximation of a diffusive predator–prey model with Leslie–Gower term and social behavior for the prey subject to Neumann boundary conditions. A new approach for a predator–prey interaction in the presence of prey social behavior has been considered. Our main topic in this work is to study the influence of the prey's herd shape on the predator–prey interaction in the presence of Leslie–Gower term. First of all, we examine briefly the system without spatial diffusion. By analyzing the distribution of the eigenvalues associated with the constant equilibria, the local stability of the equilibrium points and the existence of Hopf bifurcation have been investigated. Then, the spatiotemporal dynamics introduced by self‐diffusion was determined, where the existence of the positive solution, Hopf bifurcation, Turing‐driven instability, and Turing–Hopf bifurcation point have been derived. Further, the effect of the prey's herd shape rate on the prey and predator equilibrium densities as well as on the Hopf bifurcating points has been discussed. Finally, by using the normal form theory on the center manifold, the direction and stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions have also been obtained. To illustrate the theoretical results, some graphical representations are given.
On two structures of the fractional q‐sequential integro‐differential boundary value problems
Authors: Duc Phuong Nguyen , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram
Published: September 2021

Our aim in the present research article is to discuss some existence aspects of solutions for two given fractional q‐sequential structures of an integro‐differential BVP in which the R.H.S. nonlinear term is regarded as two functions in both single‐valued and multivalued versions. In addition to this, we formulate the boundary conditions in the framework of the mixed q‐integro‐derivative conditions simultaneously. For such new fractional q‐sequential integro‐differential structures, we utilize suitable standard analytical methods attributed to Krasnoselskii on the sum of two operators. In the final stage, we design two simulative examples to check the consistency of findings in the context of the proposed techniques.
X‐ray bi‐prism interferometry—A design study of proposed novel hardware
Authors: Gullberg Grant T. , Shrestha Uttam , Kim Sally Ji Who , Seo Youngho , Fuller Michael
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Advances in X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging can obtain excellent soft‐tissue contrast of phase‐shift, attenuation, and small‐angle scatter. Here, we present fringe patterns for different design parameters of X‐ray bi‐prism interferometry imaging systems. Our aim is to develop bi‐prism interferometry imaging systems with excellent polychromatic performance that produce high‐contrast fringes with spatially incoherent X‐ray illumination. We also introduce a novel X‐ray tube design that uses temporal multiplexing to provide simultaneous virtual “electronic phase stepping” that replace “mechanical phase stepping” popular with grating‐based interferometry setups.

Methods

In our investigation, we develop expressions for the irradiance distribution pattern of a bi‐prism interferometer composed of multiple point sources and multiple bi‐prisms. These expressions are used to plot fringe patterns for X‐ray design parameters, including size of point source, number of point sources, and point source separation, and bi‐prism design parameters including material, angle, number of bi‐prisms, period, and bi‐prism array to X‐ray source and detector distances.

Results

Results show that the fringe patterns for a bi‐prism interferometry system are not longitudinally periodic as with grating interferometers that produce a Talbot–Lau carpet. It is also shown that at 59 keV X‐rays the bi‐prism material should be something comparable to nickel to obtain reasonable fringe visibility.

Conclusion

The irradiance distribution pattern demonstrates that bi‐prism interferometry may provide comparable or improved fringe visibility to that of gratings. Special care is given to present our findings within the context of previous advancements. A single‐shot image acquisition approach using a temporal multiplexed, high‐power X‐ray source provides virtual electronic phase stepping without focal spot sweeping. This provides multiple images, each at the same exposure and the same projection view, from different fringe locations that allow one to derive the attenuation, phase, and dark‐field images of the sample without mechanical phase stepping of a grating.
The number of glomeruli and pyruvate metabolism is not strongly coupled in the healthy rat kidney
Authors: Bech Sabrina Kahina , Qi Haiyun , Mariager Christian Østergaard , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Ilicak Efe , Zöllner Frank G. , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The number of glomeruli is different in men and women, as they also present different prevalence and progression of chronic kidney disease. A recent study has demonstrated a potential difference in renal metabolism between sexes, and a potential explanation could be the differences in glomeruli number. This study investigates the potential correlation between glomerular number and pyruvate metabolism in healthy kidneys.

Methods

This study is an experimental study with rats (N = 12). We used cationized‐ferritin MRI to visualize and count glomeruli and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate to map the metabolism. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI was used to analyze kidney hemodynamics using gadolinium tracer.

Results

Data showed no or subtle correlation between the number of glomeruli and the pyruvate metabolism. Minor differences were observed in the number of glomeruli (female = 24,509 vs. male = 26 350; p = .16), renal plasma flow (female = 606.6 vs. male= 455.7 ml/min/100 g; p = .18), and volume of distribution (female = 87.44 vs. male = 76.61 ml/100 ml; p = .54) between sexes. Mean transit time was significantly prolonged in males compared with females (female = 8.868 s vs. male = 10.63 s; p = .04).

Conclusion

No strong statistically significant correlation between the number of glomeruli and the pyruvate metabolism was found in healthy rat kidneys.
Adaptive multi‐surrogate‐based constrained optimization method and its application
Authors: Qu Jie , Han Xiao‐Yao
Published: September 2021

This article presents an adaptive multi‐surrogate constrained optimization method (AMSCOM) that can automatically determine the appropriate metamodel for each black‐box function in the constrained optimization problem (COP) and concurrently find the optimum. In AMSCOM, each black‐box function is approximated initially by several different types of candidate surrogates. Then, as optimization progresses, the poorly performing candidate surrogates of each black‐box function are gradually eliminated until the appropriate surrogate is found. Meanwhile, as more than one candidate surrogate exists for each unknown function in the optimization process, multiple approximate optimization problems (AOPs) can be constructed, and new samples can be obtained by solving these AOPs. Additionally, we employ the genetic operator and the local‐linear approximation–Voronoi method to generate new samples. To verify the effectiveness and investigate several properties of AMSCOM, the proposed method is tested on 12 benchmark COPs and compared with several single surrogate‐based methods. Furthermore, AMSCOM is compared with several published surrogate‐based constrained optimization methods, and the results further prove the superior performance of AMSCOM. The proposed method is then employed to optimize the shaft‐clinching process of wheel‐hub‐bearing units, and a desirable result is achieved.
A greedy reduced basis algorithm for structural acoustic systems with parameter and implicit frequency dependence
Authors: Jelich Christopher , Koji Baydoun Suhaib , Voigt Matthias , Marburg Steffen
Published: September 2021

In this article, a greedy reduced basis algorithm is proposed for the solution of structural acoustic systems with parameter and implicit frequency dependence. The underlying equations of linear time‐harmonic elastodynamics and acoustics are discretized using the finite element and boundary element method, respectively. The solution within the parameter domain is determined by a linear combination of reduced basis vectors. This basis is generated iteratively and given by the responses of the structural acoustic system at certain parameter samples. A greedy approach is followed by evaluating the next basis vector at the parameter sample which is currently approximated worst. The algorithm runs on a small training set which bounds the memory requirements and allows applications to large‐scale problems with high‐dimensional parameter domains. The computational efficiency of the proposed scheme is illustrated based on two numerical examples: a point‐excited spherical shell submerged in water and a satellite structure subject to a diffuse sound pressure field excitation.
Greater within‐person weight variability during infancy predicts future increases in z‐BMI
Authors: Lowe Michael R. , Benson Leora , Zhang Fengquig
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study tested the hypothesis that greater weight variability (WV; measured as root mean square error [RMSE]) during the first year of life predicts weight gain at year two and greater WV during the second year of life predicts greater weight gain at year three.

Methods

This was a prospective study using mother and offspring data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Infant z‐BMI (BMI z score) and WV scores were calculated separately during years one and two. Maternal demographic, weight, and nursing‐related measures were also used in analyses.

Results

Sample sizes in year‐one and year‐two analyses were 814 (448 male; 366 female) and 783 (432 male; 351 female), respectively. RMSE in year one significantly predicted z‐BMI change in year two (β [SE]: 0.32 [0.12]; p = 0.01; adjusted R2 = 0.07), controlling for z‐BMI change in year one and z‐BMI at birth. Similar significant prediction was found using year‐two RMSE for year‐three z‐BMI (β [SE]: 0.33 [0.14]; p = 0.02; adjusted R2 = 0.10). Maternal characteristics were not related to RMSE in year one or year two.

Conclusions

Previous findings that WV predicts subsequent increases in body mass in adults were, for the first time, extended to infants.
Clinical characteristics and effectiveness of antiviral agents in hospitalized children with infectious mononucleosis in China: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Hu Huili , Deng Huiling , Bi Jing , Xu Yi , Li Shuangjie , Xie Yue , Sun Xinrong , Wang Dongmeng , Li Xufang , Ouyang Wenxian , Hu Bing , Zhang Yufeng , Tang He , Fang Chunxiao , Zhang Hui , Guo Lingyun , Wang Chen , Wang Tianyi , Yang Fengxia , Jiang Tao , Xie Zhengde , Liu Gang
Published: September 2021

Importance

The clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Chinese children have not been evaluated in multicenter studies, and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment are controversial.

Objective

To investigate the clinical characteristics of Chinese children with IM and current status of antiviral therapy for affected patients.

Methods

Hospitalized patients with IM were enrolled between 2018 and 2020 in five children’s hospitals in China. The clinical characteristics were compared among four age groups: <3 years, 3–<6 years, 6–<10 years, and ≥10 years. The clinical characteristics of IM and effectiveness of antiviral therapy were compared among patients receiving acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir (GCV), and no antiviral therapy (i.e., non‐antiviral group).

Results

In total, 499 patients were analyzed; most patients were 3–<6 years of age. The most common symptoms and signs included fever (100%), lymphadenopathy (98.6%), pharyngitis (86.4%), eyelid edema (76.8%), and snoring (72.9%). There were significant differences in rash, hepatomegaly, and liver dysfunction among the four age groups. Patients aged < 3 years had a lower incidence of liver dysfunction and a higher incidence of rash. Among the 499 patients, 50.1% were treated with GCV, 26.3% were treated with ACV, and 23.6% received no antiviral therapy. Compared with the non‐antiviral group, patients in the ACV and GCV groups had longer durations of fever (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications among the three treatment groups.

Interpretation

The incidence of IM in Chinese children peaked at 3–<6 years of age. Clinical features of IM varied according to age. Patients receiving antiviral therapy exhibited more serious clinical manifestations than did patients without antiviral therapy. The effectiveness of antiviral therapy for IM requires further analysis.
Ultrasound and shear‐wave elastography characteristics of the iliocapsularis muscle in pincer‐type femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Cui Ligang , Xu Yan , Xue Heng , Sun Youjing , Fu Qiang , Jiang Ling
Published: September 2021

Background

The iliocapsularis muscle is a structure of the anterior hip, which may play a key role in stabilizing the hip joint, but to our knowledge no studies exist describing ultrasound (US) and shear‐wave characteristics of this muscle.

Objectives

To investigate the anatomic dimensions and elasticity of the iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and normal hips using gray‐scale US and shear‐wave elastography (SWE).

Design

Case‐control study.

Setting

Sports medicine and ultrasound department within a tertiary hospital.

Participants

Thirty‐three patients (33 hips) with pincer‐type FAI and 37 healthy volunteers (37 hips).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

US parameters (anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter and circumference) of the iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type FAI and volunteers. Shear‐wave velocity and Young's modulus of the iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type FAI and volunteers in both neutral and external rotation positions.

Results

Significant differences were not observed in the anatomic dimensions of the iliocapsularis muscle between patients with pincer‐type FAI and volunteers. The iliocapsularis muscle in patients with pincer‐type FAI had significantly lower shear‐wave velocity and Young's modulus than the volunteers (p < .05). The cutoff value of the maximum velocity in the external rotation position was 3.35 m/s, which separated pincer‐type FAI patients from volunteers and revealed the highest accuracy with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 78.8%, 48.6%, and 64.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

The anatomic dimensions of the iliocapsularis muscle in pincer‐type FAI patients and volunteers were similar; however, iliocapsularis stiffness in patients with pincer‐type FAI was significantly lower than that of the volunteers. SWE can demonstrate altered muscle stiffness of the iliocapsularis muscle in pincer‐type FAI patients, which might be used to help make clinical decisions.
Sensitivity of low‐tropospheric Arctic temperatures to assimilation of AIRS cloud‐cleared radiances: Impact on midlatitude waves
Authors: McGrath‐Spangler Erica L. , Ganeshan Manisha , Reale Oreste , Boukachaba Niama , McCarty Will , Gelaro Ronald
Published: September 2021

In this work it is shown that the prediction of individual midlatitude waves in a global forecast framework may benefit from the assimilation of cloud‐cleared radiances (CCRs) from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). The assimilation of CCRs, relative to clear‐sky radiances, provides more information in high‐latitude areas affected by broken low‐level stratus clouds, which are common over north polar latitudes during the summer and autumn seasons. This added information in cloudy regions produces slightly lower low‐level temperatures and lower mid‐tropospheric heights (through hydrostatic adjustment) over the Arctic and part of northeastern Siberia. In areas that are both dynamically unstable (with the potential for rapid error growth) and data void (as observed by clear‐sky radiances), the assimilation of CCRs provides valuable information that can improve the representation of individual baroclinic waves and their subsequent forecasts. The assimilation of AIRS CCRs slightly modifies the geopotential height gradients between the Arctic and the midlatitudes, leading to improvements in the forecast of individual baroclinic waves, as is shown through three case‐studies. The set of observing system experiments (OSEs) is performed with the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation and forecast system during boreal autumn 2014. AIRS CCRs are thinned to approximately one quarter the density of operationally assimilated AIRS radiances, consistent with their higher information content. Global 6‐hourly analyses are produced from 01 September to 10 November 2014 and seven‐day forecasts are initialized at 0000 UTC daily. Since the CCR methodology is widely applicable, these findings are also relevant to other infrared sensors.
The impact of a random vector with variables from normal and non‐normal distributions on multivariate control charts
Authors: Nidsunkid Sudarat , Lao Mena , Thaithanan Jeeraporn
Published: September 2021

Multivariate control charts are widely used to simultaneously monitor several quality characteristics for detecting the mean changes in manufacturing industry processes. A multivariate Shewhart, multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) and multivariate cumulative sum (MCUSUM) are types of multivariate control charts which have been discussed extensively. For those control charts, a multivariate normal distribution is an important assumption that is used to describe a behavior of a set of quality characteristics. However, sometimes the normal assumption is violated. This research explores the sensitivity of an average run length (ARL), the standard deviation of run length (SDRL) and the shape of distribution of run length for multivariate Shewhart, MEWMA, and MCUSUM control charts when the distribution of some quality characteristics (or variables) in a random vector are not normal. The results show how robust or sensitive multivariate control charts are to violations of the multivariate normal assumption.
Resilient observer design of sensor fault estimation for discrete‐time multi‐agent systems: A distributed approach
Authors: Xia Jingping , Jiang Bin , Zhang Ke
Published: September 2021

In this article, the issue of distributed sensor fault estimation with resilient property is studied for a class of multi‐agent systems. Based on the relative output information, a novel fault estimation design is presented to estimate sensor fault and state vectors simultaneously. Meanwhile, the variation of observer gain is considered to improve the robustness of fault estimation observer. Furthermore, robust performance is used to suppress the influence of external interference on sensor fault estimation error. Finally, simulations are provided to present effectiveness of the developed approach.
All‐Inorganic CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite/ZnO for Detection of NO with Enhanced Response and Low‐Work Temperature
Authors: Wang Yindan , Wang Zhenzhen , Lin Pei , Wu Di , Shi Zhifeng , Chen Xu , Xu Tingting , Wang Xinchang , Tian Yongtao , Li Xinjian
Published: September 2021

High‐sensitive detection of NO is very important to protect environment and human health. In this study, the composites of ZnO nanorods and CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 particles are synthesized successfully and used as sensing materials for detection of NO, in which the as‐prepared samples exhibit ultra‐high response and excellent selectivity to NO at 50 °C. Toward 100 ppm NO, the response is up to about 2296. The samples can high‐sensitively detect 1 ppm NO with response of about 6, demonstrating a low detection limit. The high response of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6/ZnO could be attributed to the multiple heterojunctions formed among three materials. The results demonstrated that the composites of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 and ZnO should be a promising material for preparing the high‐sensitive NO sensors at low temperature.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Polyethyleneimine Functionalized Polymeric Protic Ionic Liquids (PolyE‐ILs) with Protagonist Properties for Acid Catalysis
Authors: Ukarde Tejas M. , Mahale Jyoti S. , Pandey Preeti H. , Vasishta Ayush , Harrish A. M. Joe Cyril , Pawar Hitesh S.
Published: September 2021

Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a potent architecture backbone was explored for the synthesis of novel polymeric ionic liquids (PolyE‐ILs) with protagonist properties. The simple quaternization of PEI dendrimer with Bronsted acids (H2SO4, H3PO4, CH3SO3H, CF3COOH and TsOH) leads to formation of series of protic PolyE‐ILs with corresponding counter anions [HSO4]−, [H2PO4]−, [CH3SO3]−, [CF3COO]− and [TsO]−. The physicochemical properties of synthesized PolyE‐ILs were studied by using TGA, Hammett acidity, hydrodynamic radii, solubility, and elemental analysis. PolyE‐ILs showed characteristic Hammett acidity (0.94–1.78), good thermal stability (<250 °C) and enhanced hydrodynamic radii. However, use of PolyE‐IL can be promoted for their wide applications as an acid catalysts. The reported PolyE‐IL‐1 with sulfonic acid counter ion was explored as catalyst for esterification of (E)‐cinnamic acids and it showed good catalytic activity. The enhanced hydrodynamic radii due to the branched architecture of PEI dendrimers facilities the separation process via Nanofiltration (NF) membrane with no membrane fouling. Thus, PolyE‐ILs can be highly active, easily recoverable, and reusable catalyst for esterification reactions with superior sustainability and economics. In addition to this the present one pot PolyE‐IL synthesis process is non‐complex and simple as compared to conventional post polymerization, ion exchange, and nucleophilic addition etc., strategies for synthesis of PILs.
SiOx Anode: From Fundamental Mechanism toward Industrial Application
Authors: Li Haoyu , Li Haodong , Yang Zhiwei , Yang Liwen , Gong Jueying , Liu Yuxia , Wang Gongke , Zheng Zhuo , Zhong Benhe , Song Yang , Zhong Yanjun , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong
Published: September 2021

Silicon monoxide (SiO) has been explored and confirmed as a promising anode material of lithium‐ion batteries. Compared with pure silicon, SiO possesses a more stable microstructure which makes better comprehensive electrochemical properties. However, the lithiation mechanism remains in dispute, and problems such as poor cyclability, unsatisfactory electrical conductivity, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) need to be addressed. Additionally, more attention needs to be paid on the internal relationship between electrochemical performances and structures. In this review, the different preparation processes, the derived microstructure of the SiOx, the corresponding lithiation mechanism, and electrochemical properties are summarized. Researches about disproportionation reaction which is regarded as a key point and other modifications are systematically introduced. Closely linked with structure, the advantages and disadvantages of various SiOx anode materials are summarized and analyzed, and the possible directions toward the practical applications of SiOx anode material are presented. In a word, from the preparation and reaction mechanism of the material to the modifications and future development, a complete and systematical review on SiOx anode is presented.
Risks and risk mitigation in global software development: An update
Authors: Barros‐Justo José L. , Benitti Fabiane B. V. , Molleri Jefferson S.
Published: September 2021

Context: Interest in global software development (GSD) has led to the publication of numerous studies. Over time, these studies should be updated to verify if their findings and conclusions remain valid.

Objective: To update a tertiary study, published in 2014, focused on investigating risks and risk mitigation advice in the context of GSD.

Method: We conducted a systematic literature study based on forward snowballing, out of which we identified and selected 25 unique studies.

Results: We extracted: (a) 118 risks (75 of which already identified in the original work), and (b) 167 mitigation advice (44 of which were identified in the original work). Out of 43 new risks identified, just 10 are specific to GSD settings; the others are risks of the software process described in the context of GSD. The evidence supporting these risks and mitigation were extracted from 619 and 389 primary sources, respectively. Given the amount of evidence found, we have reported only those with higher empirical support. The raw data is available online as complementary material.

Conclusions: Interest in GSD, its potential risks, and mitigation strategies, remains high. This update has allowed increasing the level of empirical support provided by the findings of the original work.
Very Thin (56 μm) Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with an Efficiency of 23.3% and an Open‐Circuit Voltage of 754 mV
Authors: Sai Hitoshi , Umishio Hiroshi , Matsui Takuya
Published: September 2021

The silicon heterojunction (SHJ) is a crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell device architecture capable of achieving high efficiencies due to excellent surface passivation realized by hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin layers. The SHJ architecture also allows to process thinner Si wafers due to the structural symmetry and the low processing temperature. Herein, an attempt to increase the performance of very thin c‐Si solar cells is made, using an advanced SHJ architecture. By replacing the conventional a‐Si:H by hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) in the hole contact layer, an increase in all solar cell parameters over a wide range of wafer thicknesses from 50 to 400 μm is observed. This also provides an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 754 mV with the very thin absorber, which is the highestVOCindependently confirmed under standard test conditions (STCs) among any c‐Si solar cells ever reported. As a result, a notable efficiency of 23.27% is realized in a SHJ cell with an average thickness of only 56.2 μm. These results demonstrate the high potential of very thin c‐Si solar cells that may open various opportunities for flexible and lightweight c‐Si modules, as well as reducing the carbon footprint of solar cell manufacture.
Universal renormalization procedure for higher curvature gravities in D ≤ 5
Authors: Araya Ignacio J. , Edelstein José D. , Sánchez Alberto Rivadulla , Rodríguez David Vázquez , López Alejandro Vilar
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We implement a universal method for renormalizing AdS gravity actions applicable to arbitrary higher curvature theories in up to five dimensions. The renormalization procedure considers the extrinsic counterterm for Einstein-AdS gravity given by the Kounterterms scheme, but with a theory-dependent coupling constant that is fixed by the requirement of renormalization for the vacuum solution. This method is shown to work for a generic higher curvature gravity with arbitrary couplings except for a zero measure subset, which includes well-known examples where the asymptotic behavior is modified and the AdS vacua are degenerate, such as Chern-Simons gravity in 5D, Conformal Gravity in 4D and New Massive Gravity in 3D. In order to show the universality of the scheme, we perform a decomposition of the equations of motion into their normal and tangential components with respect to the Poincare coordinate and study the Fefferman-Graham expansion of the metric. We verify the cancellation of divergences of the on-shell action and the well-posedness of the variational principle.
The widening rift between aesthetics and ethics in the design of computational things
Authors: Hauser Sabrina , Redström Johan , Wiltse Heather
Published: September 2021

In the face of massively increased technological complexity, it is striking that so many of today’s computational and networked things follow design ideals honed decades ago in a much different context. These strong ideals prescribe a presentation of things as useful tools through design and a withdrawal of aspects of their functionality and complexity. Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, we trace this ‘withdrawal program’ as it has persisted in the face of increasing computational complexity. Currently, design is in a dilemma where computational products can be seen as brilliantly designed and engaging to use yet can also be considered very problematic in how they support hidden agendas and often seem less than trustworthy. In this article, we analyse factors shaping this emergent ethical dilemma and reveal the concept ofa widening riftbetween what computationalthings actually are and doandthe ways in which they are presented as things for use. Against this backdrop, we argue that there is a need for a new orientation in design programs to adequately address this deepening rupture between the aesthetics and ethics in the design of computational things.
A neo-aristotelian perspective on the need for artificial moral agents (AMAs)
Authors: Sison Alejo José G. , Redín Dulce M.
Published: September 2021

We examine Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) critique of the need for Artificial Moral Agents (AMAs) and its rebuttal by Formosa and Ryan (JAMA 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) set against a neo-Aristotelian ethical background. Neither Van Wynsberghe and Robbins (JAMA 25:719-735, 2019) essay nor Formosa and Ryan’s (JAMA 10.1007/s00146-020-01089-6, 2020) is explicitly framed within the teachings of a specific ethical school. The former appeals to the lack of “both empirical and intuitive support” (Van Wynsberghe and Robbins 2019, p. 721) for AMAs, and the latter opts for “argumentative breadth over depth”, meaning to provide “the essential groundwork for making an all things considered judgment regarding the moral case for building AMAs” (Formosa and Ryan 2019, pp. 1–2). Although this strategy may benefit their acceptability, it may also detract from their ethical rootedness, coherence, and persuasiveness, characteristics often associated with consolidated ethical traditions. Neo-Aristotelian ethics, backed by a distinctive philosophical anthropology and worldview, is summoned to fill this gap as a standard to test these two opposing claims. It provides a substantive account of moral agency through the theory of voluntary action; it explains how voluntary action is tied to intelligent and autonomous human life; and it distinguishes machine operations from voluntary actions through the categories of poiesis and praxis respectively. This standpoint reveals that while Van Wynsberghe and Robbins may be right in rejecting the need for AMAs, there are deeper, more fundamental reasons. In addition, despite disagreeing with Formosa and Ryan’s defense of AMAs, their call for a more nuanced and context-dependent approach, similar to neo-Aristotelian practical wisdom, becomes expedient.
PEAK1 promotes invasion and metastasis and confers drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xingang , Zheng Yan , Wang Yu
Published: September 2021

Pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) has been reported to be upregulated in human malignancies and is correlated with a poor prognosis. Enhanced PEAK1 expression facilitates tumor cell survival, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the role of PEAK1 in breast cancer is unclear. We investigated PEAK1 expression in breast cancer and analyzed the relationship with clinicopathological status and chemotherapy resistance. We also investigated the role of PEAK1 in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry for PEAK1 was performed in 112 surgically resected breast cancer tissues. The association between clinicopathological status, chemotherapy resistance and PEAK1 expression was determined. The effect of PEAK1 overexpression or downregulation on proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, metastasis and doxorubicin sensitivity in MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo was studied. PEAK1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues. High PEAK1 expression was correlated with tumor size, high tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, Ki-67 expression, Her-2 expression and chemotherapy resistance. Inhibiting PEAK1 decreased cell growth, invasion, metastasis and reversed chemoresistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. High PEAK1 expression was associated with the invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of breast cancers. Furthermore, targeting PEAK1 inhibited cell growth and metastasis and reversed chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Targeting PEAK1 could be an effective treatment strategy for breast cancer.
Was informatisch richtig ist, kann auch juristisch recht sein
Authors: v. Lewinski Kai , Hähnle Johanna
Published: September 2021

Die ,,Richtigkeit‘‘ von Daten und Informationen ist für Prozesse von grundlegender Bedeutung,
im Computer wie im Recht. Ob und wie die informatischen Konzepte und Kategorien von Validität und
Qualität in das Recht übertragen werden, ist Gegenstand des nachstehenden Beitrags.
Hard Boiled: Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for MDMA-Induced Hyperthermia: a Systematic Review
Authors: van Amsterdam Jan , Brunt Tibor M. , Pierce Mimi , van den Brink Wim
Published: September 2021

Although MDMA (ecstasy) is a relatively safe recreational drug and is currently considered for therapeutic use for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), recreational MDMA use occasionally elicits hyperthermia and hyponatremia, sometimes with a fatal outcome. Specific risk factors for both adverse effects are profuse sweating while vigorously dancing under unfavorable conditions such as high ambient temperatures and insufficient fluid suppletion which result in dehydration. Concomitant use of MDMA and alcohol is highly prevalent, but adds to the existing risk, because alcohol facilitates the emergence of MDMA-induced adverse events, like hyperthermia, dehydration, and hyponatremia. Because of potential health-related consequences of concomitant use of MDMA and alcohol, it is important to identify the mechanisms of the interactions between alcohol and MDMA. This review summarizes the main drivers of MDMA-induced hyperthermia, dehydration, and hyponatremia and the role of concomitant alcohol use. It is shown that alcohol use has a profound negative impact by its interaction with most of these drivers, including poikilothermia, exposure to high ambient temperatures, heavy exercise (vigorous dancing), vasoconstriction, dehydration, and delayed initiation of sweating and diuresis. It is concluded that recreational and clinical MDMA-users should refrain from concomitant drinking of alcoholic beverages to reduce the risk for adverse health incidents when using MDMA.
A Novel Surfactant Sensitized Fluorescent Sensor for Co(II) Based on Nitrogen Doped Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Xu Ouwen , Liu Wei , Li Jiawei , Wan Shuyu , Zhu Xiashi
Published: September 2021

A novel nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CDs) were prepared by the microwave irradiation method. The fluorescence quenching effect of Co(II) on the N-CDs was studied in the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) medium and the fluorescence quenching was sensitized in the SDS. The linear range of calibration curve for the determination of Co(II) was 0.17µg/mL-11.8µg/mL and the limit of detection was 0.052µg/mL. The method has been applied for the determination of Co(II) in samples with satisfactory results.
Elephant Seals
Authors: Le Boeuf Bernard J.
Published: September 2021

How did the elephant seal survive being driven to the brink of extinction in the nineteenth century? What variables determine the lifetime reproductive success of individual seals? How have elephant seals adapted to tolerate remarkable physiological extremes of nutrition, temperature, asphyxia, and pressure? Answering these questions and many more, this book is the result of the author's 50-year study of elephant seals. The chapters cover a broad range of topics including diving, feeding, migration and reproductive behavior, yielding fundamental information on general biological principles, the operation of natural selection, the evolution of social behavior, the formation of vocal dialects, colony development, and population changes over time. The book will be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers of marine mammal behavior and reproductive life history as well as for amateur naturalists interested in these fascinating animals.
A reverse transition route from inertial to elasticity-dominated turbulence in viscoelastic Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Song Jiaxing , Wan Zhen-Hua , Liu Nansheng , Lu Xi-Yun , Khomami Bamin
Published: September 2021

A high-order transition route from inertial to elasticity-dominated turbulence (EDT) in Taylor–Couette flows of polymeric solutions has been discovered via direct numerical simulations. This novel two-step transition route is realized by enhancing the extensional viscosity and hoop stresses of the polymeric solution via increasing the maximum chain extension at a fixed polymer concentration. Specifically, in the first step inertial turbulence is stabilized to a laminar flow much like the modulated wavy vortex flow. The second step destabilizes this laminar flow state to EDT, i.e. a spatially smooth and temporally random flow with a

$-3.5$

scaling law of the energy spectrum reminiscent of elastic turbulence. The flow states involved are distinctly different to those observed in the reverse transition route from inertial turbulence via a relaminarization of the flow to elasto-inertial turbulence in parallel shear flows, underscoring the importance of polymer-induced hoop stresses in realizing EDT that are absent in parallel shear flows.
LIST OF 14C DATES OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT “THE DOBUŻEK SCARP MICROREGION AS A PART OF A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCULTURAL FRONTIER BETWEEN THE BALTIC AND THE PONTIC ZONE (FROM THE 6TH TO THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC)”
Authors: Chmielewski Tomasz J , Goslar Tomasz , Hałuszko Agata , Sady-Bugajska Agata , Wiejacki Jan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents results of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of prehistoric samples (human and animal bones, cremated human bones, charcoals, and other charred plant macroremains) from archaeological sites located in the area of Dobużek Scarp, on the Sokal Ridge in central-eastern Poland (E Poland). The date list reports 46 14C age measurements performed within the project “The Dobużek Scarp Microregion as a part of a physiological and biocultural frontier between the Baltic and the Pontic zone (from the 6th to the 2nd millennium BC)” conducted in 2016–2021. The resulting 14C dates fall into quite a long interval, which in terms of the regional archaeological periodization lasts from the Middle Eneolithic to the Early Iron Age, and in terms of the climatological one corresponds with the Subboreal.
Rodent models of metabolic disorders: considerations for use in studies of neonatal programming
Authors: Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi , Usman Dawoud , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Malami Ibrahim , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Bello Abubakar Murtala , Imam Mustapha Umar
Published: September 2021

Epidemiologically, metabolic disorders have garnered much attention, perhaps due to the predominance of obesity. The early postnatal life represents a critical period for programming multifactorial metabolic disorders of adult life. Though altricial rodents are prime subjects for investigating neonatal programming, there is still no sufficiently generalised literature on their usage and methodology. This review focuses on establishing five approach-based models of neonatal rodents adopted for studying metabolic phenotypes. Here, some modelled interventions that currently exist to avoid or prevent metabolic disorders are also highlighted. We also bring forth recommendations, guidelines and considerations to aid research on neonatal programming. It is hoped that this provides a background to researchers focused on the aetiology, mechanisms, prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
Cardiovascular events in perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular volume overload: a French prospective cohort study (FRANCISCO)
Authors: Guirgis Lisa , Valdeolmillos Estibaliz , Vaksmann Guy , Karsenty Clément , Houeijeh Ali , Hery Eric , Amedro Pascal , Pangaud Nicolas , Benbrik Nadir , Vastel Carine , Legendre Antoine , Jalal Zakaria , Hadeed Khaled , Ladouceur Magalie , Iserin Laurence , Laux Daniela , Iriart Xavier , Warin Fresse Karine , Leobon Bertrand , Harchaoui Samir , Lambert Virginie , Bonefoy Ronan , Basquin Adeline , Chalard Aurélie , Douchin Stéphanie , Bouzguenda Ivan , Denis Charlotte , Lucron Hugues , Bosser Gilles , Barre Elise , Urbina-Hiel Bérangère , Helms Pauline , Ansquer Hélène , Hauet Quentin , Leborgne Anne-Sophie , Cohen Laurence , Lupoglazoff Jean Marc , Guirgis Maurice , Gronier Céline , Maragnes Pascale , Moceri Pamela , Mauran Pierre , Bertail Claire , Lefort Bruno , Godart François , Baruteau Alban-Elouen , Ovaert Caroline , Bonnet Damien , Combes Nicolas , Khraiche Diala , Houyel Lucile , Thambo Jean Benoit , Mostefa-Kara Meriem , Hascoet Sébastien
Published: September 2021

Brief summary

The long-term prospective multi-centre nationwide (French) observational study FRANCISCO will provide new information on perimembranous ventricular septal defect with left ventricular overload but no pulmonary hypertension in children older than 1 year. Outcomes will be compared according to treatment strategy (watchful waiting, surgical closure, or percutaneous closure) and anatomic features of the defect. The results are expected to provide additional guidance about the optimal treatment of this specific population, which is unclear at present.
Favourable outcome for hydrops or cardiac failure associated with fetal tachyarrhythmia: a 20-year review
Authors: Tunca Sahin Gulhan , Beattie Robert Bryan , Uzun Orhan
Published: September 2021

Background:

Prognosis of fetuses with hydrops and tachyarrhythmia has been portrayed as poor in most published reports. This might lead to biased counselling, unnecessary caesarean section, preterm delivery, and even termination of pregnancy.

Aims:

To evaluate contemporary fetal and postnatal outcomes of hydropic fetuses with fetal tachyarrhythmia when it is treated effectively and monitored systematically.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of a single centre experience at the University Hospital of Wales over a 20-year period. All fetuses received high doses of flecainide and digoxin combination treatment. Tachycardia response rate, time to arrhythmia and hydrops resolution, fetal and postnatal morbidity, and mortality rates were analysed.

Results:

Twenty fetuses were diagnosed with hydrops fetalis and received treatment. The mechanism of fetal tachyarrhythmia was supraventricular tachycardia in thirteen and atrial flutter in eight cases. Among the 20 fetuses treated, the overall tachycardia response rate was 90% (18/20) with the restoration of sinus rhythm in 85% (17/20) of the cases. The median time to restore sinus rhythm or to rate control of the arrhythmia was 1.5 days (range 12 hours to 13 days). Hydrops resolved in 17 of the 20 fetuses, with a median time of 12 days (range 3–21 days). Four fetuses went into spontaneous preterm birth and one fetus was delivered early due to worsening hydrops. No significant neurological morbidity was observed in surviving neonates and infants on clinical examination. There was one postnatal death due to respiratory complications of prematurity in the non-responsive supraventricular tachycardia case.

Conclusions:

High-dose flecainide and digoxin combination offers effective treatment strategy in fetuses with hydrops and tachyarrhythmia with favourable outcomes. This study may guide more realistic counselling for pregnancies complicated by tachyarrhythmia and hydrops.
Demographic and socio-economic shifts partly explain the Martinican nutrition transition: an analysis of 10-year health and dietary changes (2003–2013) using decomposition models
Authors: Colombet Zoé , Simioni Michel , Drogue Sophie , Lamani Viola , Perignon Marlène , Martin-Prevel Yves , Merle Sylvie , Amiot Marie-Josèphe , Darmon Nicole , Soler Louis-Georges , Méjean Caroline
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The Caribbean has seen a dramatic shift in the obesity and chronic disease prevalence over the past decades, suggesting a nutrition transition. Simultaneously, Martinique has faced a demographic transition marked by significant population ageing. We aimed to differentiate the contribution of changes in health status and dietary intakes due to shifts in demographic and socio-economic characteristics (DSEC) from that due to unobserved factors.

Design:

Two cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2003 (n 743) and 2013 (n 573) on representative samples were used. Dietary intakes were estimated by 24-h recalls. The contribution of changes in health status and dietary intakes due to shifts in observed DSEC was differentiated from that due to unobserved factors over a 10-year interval, using Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition models.

Setting:

Martinique, French region in the Caribbean.

Participants:

Martinican adults (≥16 years).

Results:

Over the study period, health status deteriorated, partly owing to shifts in DSEC, explaining 62 % of the change in the prevalence of hypertension (+13 percentage points (pp)) and 48 % of waist circumference change (+3 cm). Diet quality decreased (mean adequacy ratio –2pp and mean excess ratio + 2 pp) and energy supplied by ultra-processed food increased (+4 pp). Shifts in DSEC marginally explained some changes in dietary intakes (e.g. increased diet quality), while the changes that remained unexplained were of opposite sign, with decreased diet quality, lower fruits, tubers and fish intakes and higher energy provided by ultra-processed foods.

Conclusion:

Explained dietary changes were of opposite sign to nutrition transition conceptual framework, probably because unobserved drivers are in play, such as food price trends or supermarkets spread.
Optimizing Probabilities in Probabilistic Logic Programs
Authors: AZZOLINI DAMIANO , RIGUZZI FABRIZIO
Published: September 2021

Probabilistic logic programming is an effective formalism for encoding problems characterized by uncertainty. Some of these problems may require the optimization of probability values subject to constraints among probability distributions of random variables. Here, we introduce a new class of probabilistic logic programs, namely probabilisticoptimizablelogic programs, and we provide an effective algorithm to find the best assignment to probabilities of random variables, such that a set of constraints is satisfied and an objective function is optimized.