bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating the Stock Market Simulation Into the Core Curriculum of a Business Program: Evidence of the Impact on Learning From a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pichop Germain N.
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of a multi-year stock market simulation on undergraduate business students at East Central University. We used a quasi-experimental mixed-methods approach to analyze quantitative data (simulation participation, trades, and assessment scores) and qualitative data (student reflection papers) across lower and upper-division courses. Results indicate increased engagement and knowledge, with upper-level students showing better assessment performance. While complementary investing education did not significantly affect performance, qualitative analysis revealed deeper learning beyond quantitative measures. The findings support integrating simulations throughout the curriculum to enhance business students’ financial literacy and investing competency.
Historical Development of Taxation From Ancient Times to Modern Day: Implications for the Future
Authors: Kerr David , Lassila Dennis , Smith Katherine Taken , Smith Lawrence Murphy
Published: January 2025

This study examines the history of taxation, specifically how taxation was used over the centuries by major world civilizations. This study provides a comprehensive review of past and more recent studies, spanning the full length of tax history using a quasi-empirical approach, thereby offering a unique contribution to the academic literature. Theoretical foundations include Adam Smith’s Canons of Taxation, benefit theory, ability theory, and tax assignment theory. Implications are drawn for the future of taxation. Findings suggest that various forms of taxation played a critical role in amassing resources necessary to build and sustain world empires and republics. Implications are that this will continue. Excessive taxation was included as a factor in the downfall of some empires. World history might have taken a notably different direction without the revenues accumulated via taxation. Results will interest tax policy makers, academic tax researchers, law professors, and others concerned with the historicity of taxation. Results can also be used by accounting and legal educators.
Working Together to Improve Management of Patients with Food Allergy
Authors: Humphry Nicola
Published: January 2025

The symposium was held on the final day of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology’s (EAACI) Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting & European Consortium on Application of Flow Cytometry in Allergy (FAAM-EUROBAT) meeting in Athens, Greece. The discussions focused on the unmet labelling needs of prepackaged foods for patients with allergies, the regulatory changes under consideration for precautionary allergen labelling (PAL), and the variability in peptide profiles among extensively hydrolysed formulas (EHF) used in managing cow’s milk protein allergies.

The use of voluntary PAL and its benefits and drawbacks were discussed froma patient’s perspective, including how PAL affects their ability to manage their food allergy and what improvements they feel are needed.

This was followed by a presentation on the international regulations regarding food allergen labelling, which included recommendations from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and WHO expert consultation, as well as the latest draft Codex Alimentarius Committee on Food Labelling (‘Codex’) guidelines concerning risk assessment and labelling of unintended allergen presence. An example of what this will mean for the consumer when precautionary allergen labelling is aligned with the Codex draft proposal on allergen risk assessment was given, and the main challenges were discussed.

Lastly, the heterogeneity of EHFs available on the market for the management of cow’s milk allergy was emphasised, with a focus on the relevance this has to the allergenicity of the product. The potential benefits of introducing more stringent standards for these products in order to better address the needs of infants with cow’s milk allergy was considered.
The Role of Influencer Advertising on Snap-chat platform in Saudi Arabia with The Mediating Effect of Brand Awareness
Authors: ALmarwani Majed Saad
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of influencer's attributes (trustworthiness, attractiveness, and expertise) as independent constructs on WOM as a dependent construct through brand awareness as a mediating construct. The SPSS V 23 and AMOS V 24 were used to analyze the study data, with a sample of 289 participants determined by the non-probability sampling method who had experience utilizing the Snapchat platform. The findings of this study show that an influencer's trustworthiness, attractiveness, and expertise have a significant and positive impact on brand awareness and WOM, except the effect of the trustworthiness variable on WOM is statistically insignificant. Brand awareness has a direct effect on WOM. The indirect positive effect of an influencer's attractiveness and expertise on WOM is statistically significant by brand awareness as a mediator, while the influencer’s trustworthiness has no indirectly significant influence on WOM through Brand awareness.
Comparative profitability of agroecological practices in Ethiopian wheat farming
Authors: Ng’ang’a Stanley Karanja , Ogutu Sylvester Ochieng , Tibebe Degefie , Akinyi Devinia , Mockshell Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Agroecology is increasingly promoted as a pathway to sustainable food production, aiming to maximize natural resource use while minimizing external inputs with harmful environmental effects. Agroecological practices can enhance farm productivity while ensuring environmental sustainability. However, these practices often require higher initial investments compared to business-as-usual (BAU) practices, and their profitability and relative risks are not well studied. This research evaluates the profitability and risk of adopting agroecological practices among wheat farmers in Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted a deterministic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) incorporating sensitivity and scenario analysis to evaluate the profitability and relative risks associated with three agroecological practices: certified wheat seed, optimal site-specific inorganic fertilizer application rates, and drainage of waterlogged soils. The analysis considered yield uncertainty, market price fluctuations, and implementation variability to provide robust insights for decision-making.

Results

The deterministic CBA revealed that among the three practices, the use of certified seeds was the most profitable, with a net present value (NPV) of US$ 2,531 ha–1. This was followed by optimal site-specific inorganic fertilizer application, with an NPV of US$ 2,371 ha–1. Drainage of waterlogged soils yielded the lowest profitability, with an NPV of US$ 2,099 ha–1.

Discussion

The results indicate that certified seeds and optimal fertilizer rates offer higher financial returns, making them attractive investments for wheat farmers. However, profitability alone does not guarantee adoption. Other factors, including social and behavioral aspects, influence farmer decisions. Future research should integrate these dimensions to develop comprehensive strategies for promoting agroecological practices.

Conclusion

Adopting agroecological practices has clear economic benefits for Ethiopian wheat farmers, with certified seeds emerging as the most profitable option. These findings provide evidence for stakeholders to design targeted interventions that maximize returns while addressing barriers to adoption.
Outburst mechanism and hazard prevention technique of limestone aquifer under isolated island panels
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Yanjun , Shi Yongli , Zhu Jingzhong
Published: January 2025

With the high-intensity mining activities and the selection of interval mining methods, a large amount of high-rank coal resources are left in the underground space (isolated islands). However, due to the complicated mining geological conditions, the coal resources in the isolated islands have not been fully extracted. In this paper, the mechanism of water inrush from limestone aquifers under isolated island panels is discussed from theoretical mechanics analysis, numerical simulation, discriminant criterion, the variation law of surrounding rock stress and water pressure, and floor failure depth. Meanwhile, we take the coal mining of the isolated island shaft in the Zhuzhuang colliery, Huaibei mining area, as an application case and propose the key technique of limestone water disaster prevention and control. Eventually, the treatment effect is validated by the practical work. The study results indicate that (1) the depth of the floor failure zone is 27.51 m and that the risk owing to water inrush of the panel floor in the isolated islands exists. The isolated coal pillar is more affected by the formation stress in numerical simulation, and the distribution of small stress on both sides of the panel floor and large stress in the middle area formed compared to non-isolated islands. The maximum stress of the panel floor is greater than that of mining without isolated islands. (2) The special drilling structures, stepwise gradient pressurization, and segmented sequential downward grouting technique are proposed to ensure the grouting effect under goaf. (3) Finally, the limestone water disaster regional treatment and control for the isolated island shaft is carried out and validated. The water level of ground boreholes and the water yield of underground directional boreholes verified the treatment effect. The theoretical results and engineering application in this study have significant implications for coal mining on other isolated islands affected by panel floor water damage.
Improving learning experience through process re-engineering: Khan Academy localization into Azerbaijani
Authors: Karimov Ayaz , Nolte Alexander , Chounta Irene-Angelica , Saarela Mirka , Kärkkäinen Tommi
Published: January 2025

The localization of online educational platforms brings many benefits to the students and teachers such as access to different types of textual and video content. Nonetheless, it demands time and capital resources to localize any content. The aim of this research was to re-engineer the entire localization process of Khan Academy content into the Azerbaijani language and evaluate its impact on users’ learning experience. For this purpose, we implemented process re-engineering’s cycle of successive steps. Additionally, we carried out a survey to investigate the new localization process’s effect on users’ learning experience. Our study found that making the localization process more efficient decreased the time and resources needed. Additionally, this improved process positively affected how users experienced learning on the platform.
Decreased sirtuin 1 in type 2 diabetes patients with abnormal BMD
Authors: Xu Yao , Hu Tianxiao , Jiang Peiwu , Wang Xiujing , Yao Jiaqi , Shen Huiling , Zhang Zhenying , Zheng Bojing , Wang Ting , Ren Yanxia , Wang Jing , Tan Qingying
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Sirtuin 1, a class III histone deacetylase, plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of both diabetes mellitus and bone metabolism by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast maturation. However, its exact impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between Sirtuin 1 levels, BMD, and bone metabolism in newly diagnosed T2DM patients, specifically examining alterations in Sirtuin 1 levels in those with concomitant osteoporosis or osteopenia.

Methods

A total of 69 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 82 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Serum Sirtuin 1 levels and bone turnover markers, including osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BMD was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Comparisons of these parameters were made between the T2DM and NGT groups.

Results

T2DM patients were further categorized into a normal BMD group (DMn) and an osteopenia or osteoporosis group (DMo), and differences in Sirtuin 1 levels between these subgroups were analyzed. Risk factors for osteoporosis/osteopenia in T2DM patients were also evaluated. Serum Sirtuin 1 levels were found to be significantly diminished in the T2DM group relative to the control group (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in lumbar spine BMD, OC, 25(OH)D, and β-CTX between groups (P > 0.05). Osteoporosis incidence was higher in T2DM subjects compared to controls (34.8% vs. 18.3%, P = 0.026). Subgroup analysis revealed that SIRT1 levels in T2DM patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia exhibited a significant reduction compared to those with normal BMD (P < 0.05). Logistic regression indicated that Sirtuin 1, age, HDL-C, P1NP, and β-CTX were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in T2DM patients.

Discussion

In conclusion, decreased serum Sirtuin 1 levels are associated with bone turnover markers in T2DM patients and may serve as an independent risk factor and potential biomarker for diagnosing bone metabolism disorders in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.
Environmental penalties and corporate carbon disclosure in China: divergent effects of resource availability and the role of social media pressure
Authors: Shao Jing , Li Wenjie , Huang Lingtong , Tian Yuanhao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Environmental concerns and the escalating impacts of climate change have prompted governments to set ambitious carbon emission reduction targets. Corporations, as major contributors to carbon emissions, play a critical role in achieving these goals through transparent carbon disclosure. This study investigates the impact of environmental penalties on corporate carbon disclosure practices among Chinese-listed firms from 2009 to 2019, drawing on organizational legitimacy theory.

Method

Using data from publicly available corporate reports, we employed multivariate regression analysis to examine how environmental penalties influence carbon disclosure. Additionally, we explored the moderating roles of firms’ financial resource conditions and social media scrutiny.

Result

The results revealed that environmental penalties significantly enhance carbon disclosure, particularly in resource-redundant firms, while their effect diminishes in resource-constrained enterprises. Social media scrutiny amplifies the positive impact of penalties by increasing public pressure, highlighting the role of external stakeholders in fostering transparency.

Discussion

These findings underscore the importance of integrating tailored regulatory frameworks with active public and social media engagement to enhance corporate accountability and transparency. This study contributes to the literature on corporate social responsibility, offering actionable insights for policymakers, regulators, and corporate managers aiming to advance sustainability goals.
An observation-based method to estimate carbonate system variations in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Boteler Claire , Dowd Michael , Oliver Eric C. J. , Wallace Douglas W. R.
Published: January 2025

The ocean carbonate system consists of pH, alkalinity, inorganic carbon and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and during the current era of anthropogenic change, its dynamics are key for understanding changes in the ocean and its ecosystem over time. The focus of this study is to estimate the carbonate system in the Labrador Sea with time series methods, using direct observations from the ocean surface and interior, and chemical relationships between variables. Interior ocean observations are minimal for some of these variables, however, connections between the variables rooted in chemistry were used to create pseudo-observations using CO2SYS, increasing the information available. A state space model was designed that combined GLODAP and SOCAT observations along with pseudo-observations in a time series estimate of the carbonate system. The Labrador Sea between 1993 and 2016 shows increasing rates for DIC (0.57-1.16 µmol kg−1 year−1) and fCO2 (0.70-2.45 µatm year−1), as well as acidification via pH trends (0.0007-0.0018 year−1). These ranges describe the scale of rates that are occurring at various depths through the water column, though they do not change linearly with depth. Largest rates are found at the surface for DIC, 500-1500 m for fCO2, and 500-1500 m for pH. Total alkalinity also decreased and is correlated with the freshening of salinity. With the core carbonate variables estimated, other aspects of the carbonate system are calculated using CO2SYS, such as the aragonite and calcite saturation states, the Revelle factor, and the carbonate species. Our method also calculates uncertainties that vary over time and depth based on the availability of observations and their variance, which has lowered the uncertainty for pH by 71% and for fCO2 by 64% compared to time-independent methods.
Effect of delayed sea ice retreat on zooplankton communities in the Pacific Arctic Ocean: a generalized dissimilarity modeling approach
Authors: Hibino Yuya , Matsuno Kohei , Fujiwara Amane , Abe Yoshiyuki , Hosoda Nanami , Itoh Motoyo , Yamaguchi Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Sea ice extent increased in the Pacific Arctic Ocean during 2021 owing to the reversal of the Beaufort Gyre, unlike in previous years. The increased sea ice concentration may restore the marine ecosystem to its previous state; nevertheless, the precise conditions and mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, the 2008–2017 period was defined as “the sea ice retreat year,” and its zooplankton community distribution representative was estimated using generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM). Subsequently, we assessed the effect of delayed sea ice melt on the zooplankton community by comparing the zooplankton community of the sea ice retreat year with that in 2021.

Results

In GDM, numerous satellite parameters significantly affected the zooplankton distribution, with the highest effect during the open-water period and annual primary production (APP) and the lowest in water temperature. The effect of APP and temperature on zooplankton similarity was high around the Bering Strait owing to the advection of Pacific copepods (Eucalanus bungii, Metridia pacifica, and Neocalanus spp.) and synchronized inflow of warm Pacific water. Under significant warming scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway [SSP]1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), GDM-based multiple effects predicted that the zooplankton communities in high latitudes will be more affected than those on the southern shelf (northern Bering Sea to southern Chukchi Sea). In 2021, the total abundance across the northern Bering Sea to the Chukchi Sea shelf region was lower than that of the community during the sea ice retreat year. However, certain species (Limacina helicina and Pacific copepods) increased locally (northern Bering Sea and Barrow Canyon) because of the increasing volume of Pacific origin water.

Discussion

Contrary to the reported increase trend on zooplankton, low primary productivity and phenological mismatch for zooplankton may prevail in the Pacific Arctic Ocean, resulting in a low abundance during autumn 2021.
Risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality during yellow fever outbreak in Brazil
Authors: McClure Max , Rezende Izabela Maurício de , Pereira Leonardo Soares , Dutra Maria Rita Teixeira , Fradico Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa , Macedo Rodrigo , Marçal Marcelle Cardoso , Fonte Boa Lívia Soares Coelho , Bragato Alexandre Maurício Castro , Faria Flávio Augusto de Almeida , Pamplona Livia , Said Rodrigo Fabiano do Carmo , Calzavara-Silva Carlos Eduardo , Ramalho Dario Brock , Magalhães Cintia Lopes de Brito , Alves Pedro Augusto , Gama Thaysa Drummond Palmeira , Cota Gláucia Fernandes , Monath Thomas P. , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Pascoal-Xavier Marcelo Antônio , Teixeira-Carvalho Andrea , Drumond Betânia Paiva , LaBeaud A. Desiree ,   Yellow Fever Collaborative Group
Published: January 2025

Objective

To characterize the clinical manifestations of yellow fever disease and identify risk factors for mortality.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted in the referral center for infectious diseases (Hospital Eduardo de Menezes-HEM) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Analysis included data from 283 patients with confirmed YF infection older than 13 years old who presented to HEM between January 2017 and June 2018. In-hospital mortality (hypothesis formulated after data collection), demographic factors and clinical and laboratory assessments were used.

Results

Study patients were mainly men (87.6%), with a median age of 46.0 (IQR 36.5, 57.0). 131 (46.3%) patients were admitted to the ICU, and 62 (22.0%) used invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 2 days (IQR 1, 3). The median (IQR) total length of stay (LOS) in the ICU was 6 days (IQR 4, 8). The in-hospital mortality rate was 24.0%. Age was significantly higher in fatal (median 49.5, IQR 41.0, 61.0]) than in non-fatal cases [46 (36, 55)] (p < 0.01). Male sex was associated with an increased risk of death (RR 4.66, 95% CI 1.19, 18.2; p < 0.01). Most common symptoms and signs on admission to HEM were fever (31.9%), myalgia (27.8%), jaundice (24.3%), headache (23.9%), abdominal pain (16.1%), vomiting (12.2%), weakness (10.4%), and arthralgias (10.0%). Initial viral load above the cutoff of 4.45 log10 copies/mL was significantly associated with death prior to discharge (OR 12.2; CI 2.83, 92.3). Five factors were significantly related to increased odds of death prior to discharge: log-transformed AST (OR 3.65; CI 2.02, 7.81; p < 0.001), log-transformed INR (OR 7.40; CI 1.31, 33.0; p = 0.010), log-transformed lactate (OR 4.57; CI 1.48, 17.1; p = 0.013), log-transformed WBC (OR 4.33; CI 1.19, 18.5; p = 0.034), and age (OR 1.06; CI 1.01, 1.12; p = 0.026).

Conclusions and relevance

AST, INR, lactate, WBC, and age are statistically associated with death prior to discharge in YF patients. These clinical markers should be applied to improve patient screening and management during future YF epidemics.
Impact of acupuncture on mortality in patients with disabilities and newly diagnosed heart failure: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jun Hyungsun , Park Dasol , Sul Jae-Uk , Cheong Moon Joo , Kim Haerim , Youn Inae , Leem Jungtae
Published: January 2025

Objective

People with disabilities have high rates of cardiovascular diseases and mortality, and heart failure can worsen their condition. Therefore, preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases is particularly important for this population. Although acupuncture has been used for heart failure, research on its impact on mortality is limited. Given the unique pathophysiological characteristics of people with disabilities, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on mortality in those newly diagnosed with heart failure.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, focusing on people with disabilities diagnosed with heart failure between 2014 and 2016. Acupuncture exposure within 1 year of diagnosis was assessed by dividing the participants into acupuncture-exposed and non-exposed groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for group differences, and all-cause mortality was tracked for 3 years. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Dose-response relationships were also analyzed by dividing acupuncture frequency into quartiles.

Results

After PSM, 21,001 individuals were included in both groups. The acupuncture-exposed group had a 20% lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.76–0.84) than those in the non-exposed group. Higher acupuncture doses were associated with a greater reduction in mortality, with the highest dose group showing a 36% lower risk (adjusted HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.58–0.69) than those in the non-exposed group. The subgroup analysis showed a consistent reduction in mortality across most groups, particularly in women, older adults, higher-income individuals, and those with severe disabilities.

Conclusion

This study suggests that acupuncture exposure is associated with reduced mortality in people with disabilities who are newly diagnosed with heart failure. While several limitations exist, we highlight the potential role of acupuncture in managing cardiovascular diseases in this population and encourage further research to support healthcare policies.
Individual-network based predictions of microbial interaction signatures for response to biological therapies in IBD patients
Authors: Melograna Federico , Sudhakar Padhmanand , Yousefi Behnam , Caenepeel Clara , Falony Gwen , Vieira-Silva Sara , Krishnamoorthy Sreenikhitha , Fardo David , Verstockt Bram , Raes Jeroen , Vermeire Severine , Van Steen Kristel
Published: January 2025

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD), is marked by dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Despite therapeutic interventions with biological agents like Vedolizumab, Ustekinumab, and anti-TNF agents, the variability in clinical, histological, and molecular responses remains significant due to inter-individual and inter-population differences. This study introduces a novel approach using Individual Specific Networks (ISNs) derived from faecal microbial measurements of IBD patients across multiple cohorts. These ISNs, constructed from baseline and follow-up data post-treatment, successfully predict therapeutic outcomes based on endoscopic remission criteria. Our analysis revealed that ISNs characterised by core gut microbial families, including Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, are predictive of treatment responses. We identified significant changes in abundance levels of specific bacterial genera in response to treatment, confirming the robustness of ISNs in capturing both linear and non-linear microbiota signals. Utilising network topological metrics, we further validated these findings, demonstrating that critical microbial features identified through ISNs can differentiate responders from non-responders with respect to various therapeutic outcomes. The study highlights the potential of ISNs to provide individualised insights into microbiota-driven therapeutic responses, emphasising the need for larger cohort studies to enhance the accuracy of molecular biomarkers. This innovative methodology paves the way for more personalised and effective treatment strategies in managing IBD.
Innovative epilepsy management: a combined figure of EEG categorization and medication mechanisms
Authors: Taha Mohamed , Nordli Douglas R. , Park Carol , Nordli Douglas R.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Epilepsy management requires precision in diagnosis and treatment, particularly when selecting antiseizure medications based on specific epilepsy syndromes. We present an innovative educational tool that integrates EEG categorization with antiseizure medication mechanisms, designed to enhance clinical decision-making in epilepsy management.

Methods

This study evaluated a cohort of neurology trainees through a pre-test and post-test design. Participants were assessed on their ability to diagnose epilepsy syndromes and select appropriate treatments based on EEG findings before and after exposure to the teaching figure. The figure aligns key EEG patterns with specific epilepsy syndromes and outlines the corresponding mechanisms of action of antiseizure medications.

Results

Post-test results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in trainees’ ability to analyze clinical cases and make informed treatment decisions (mean pre-test score: 52.8; post-test score: 66.5; p = 0.0019). The figure facilitated a deeper understanding of the relationship between EEG findings and medication selection, particularly in complex cases.

Discussion

The integration of EEG patterns with antiseizure medication mechanisms allows for more precise epilepsy syndrome diagnosis and enhances the selection of rational polypharmacy approaches. This approach not only improves educational outcomes but also offers potential applications in clinical practice for personalized epilepsy treatment strategies.

Conclusion

This innovative figure bridges the gap between EEG categorization and treatment strategies, providing a valuable tool for improving epilepsy management education and clinical outcomes.

Plain language summary

This manuscript introduces a teaching tool that helps providers better understand how brainwave patterns (EEGs) relate to epilepsy types and guides them in choosing the most effective seizure medications.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and osteoporosis in the US population: evidence from NHANES 2003–2010
Authors: Liu Zhiwen , Jian Huanling , Peng Zijing , Xiong Sicheng , Zhang Zhihai
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to explore the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the prevalence of osteoporosis in the U.S. population, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2010.

Methods

Data from 7,290 participants in the NHANES 2003–2010 survey were analyzed. The relationship between the DII and osteoporosis was evaluated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, and potential non-linear associations were explored through restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted with stratified models, and the findings were depicted in a forest plot. To pinpoint key dietary factors associated with osteoporosis, we applied least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. These factors were integrated into a nomogram for risk prediction, with the model’s discriminative ability assessed via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

Osteoporosis patients had higher DII scores than those without the condition (1.61 vs. 1.18, p < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, participants in the highest DII quartile had an 88% greater risk of osteoporosis (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.41–2.52, P for trend <0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear relationship between DII and osteoporosis risk. Subgroup analyses showed similar patterns across different groups, as illustrated by the forest plot. LASSO regression identified key dietary factors, which were used to build a nomogram with an AUC of 83.6%, indicating strong predictive accuracy.

Conclusion

A higher DII is strongly linked to increased osteoporosis risk, underscoring the importance of reducing dietary inflammation to help prevent osteoporosis.
Joint association of sleep patterns and oxidative balance score with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the general population
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Hanzhang , Jin Hongyu , Jiang Zhiping , Wang Wei , Tan Xiao , Li Wen-Yang
Published: January 2025

Background

This study investigates the joint effect of sleep patterns and oxidative balance score (OBS) on all-cause and CVD mortality in the general population.

Methods

We examined 21,427 individuals aged 18–85 from NHANES 2005–2014, connecting them to mortality data until December 31, 2019, using interview and physical examination dates. Surveys collected data on sleep duration, self-reported sleep disturbance, and doctor-told sleep disorders, classified into healthy, intermediate, and unhealthy sleep patterns. OBS was calculated based on twenty oxidative stress-related exposures to dietary and lifestyle factors. Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to evaluate the association between sleep patterns or OBS alone and combined with all-cause and CVD mortality.

Results

Poor sleep patterns and pro-oxidant OBS (Q1 & Q2) were identified as risk factors for mortality. Each point increase in OBS was associated with a 3% decrease in both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. There was an interaction between sleep patterns and OBS (P for interaction = 0.013). Joint analyses revealed that participants with combined unhealthy (intermediate and poor) sleep pattern and pro-oxidant OBS were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (HR = 1.45 [1.21–1.74]) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.60 [1.12–2.28]). Furthermore, stratified analysis highlighted that this joint effect was more prominent among individuals without hypertension or diabetes; more notable for all-cause mortality in younger individuals and for CVD mortality in the elderly.

Conclusion

We identified a significant interaction between sleep patterns and OBS affecting all-cause mortality. Unhealthy sleep patterns and pro-oxidant OBS were jointly and positively associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Interventions targeting healthy sleep patterns and antioxidant lifestyles may promote health outcomes.
The infiltration risk prediction models by logistic regression for ground-glass pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Mengqian , Zhang Xiaomei , Lai Yuxin , Sun Yunlong , Yang Tianshu , Tan Xinlei
Published: January 2025

Methods

CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Sinomed, Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and other databases were searched. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2024. We included all predictive models for the invasion of ground-glass pulmonary nodules established. The modeling group was patients with a pathological diagnosis of ground-glass pulmonary nodules. Two researchers screened the literature, established an Excel table for information extraction, used SPSS 25.0 to perform frequency statistics of each independent risk factor, and used Revman 5.4 software for meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 29 articles were included, involving 30 independent risk factors, with a cumulative frequency of 99 times. There were 16 risk factors with a frequency of ≥2 times, a total of 85 times, accounting for 85.86%. The meta-analysis showed the following: average CT value (MD = 75.57 HU, 95%CI: 44.40–106.75), maximum diameter (MD = 4.99 mm, 95%CI: 4.22–5.77), vascular convergence sign (OR = 11.16, 95%CI: 6.71–18.56), lobulation sign (OR = 3.80, 95%CI: 1.59–9.09), average diameter (MD = 4.46 mm, 95%CI: 3.44–5.48), maximum CT value (MD = 112.52 HU, 95%CI: 8.08–216.96), spiculation sign (OR = 4.46, 95%CI: 2.03–9.81), volume (MD = 1,069.37 mm3, 95%CI: 1,025.75–1,112.99), vacuole sign (OR = 6.15, 95%CI: 2.70–14.01), CTR ≥0.5 (OR = 7.24, 95%CI: 3.35–15.65), vascular type [types III and IV] (OR = 13.62, 95%CI: 8.85–20.94), pleural indentation (OR = 6.92, 95%CI: 2.69–17.82), age (MD = 4.18years, 95%CI: 1.70–6.65), and mGGN (OR = 3.62, 95%CI: 2.36–5.56) were risk factors for infiltration of ground-glass nodules. The overall risk of bias in the methodological quality evaluation of the included studies was small, and the AUC value of the model was 0.736–0.977.

Conclusion

The included model has a good predictive performance for the invasion of ground-glass nodules. The independent risk factors included in the model can help medical workers to identify the high-risk groups of invasive lung cancer in ground-glass nodules in time and improve the prognosis.
Carcinogenic and anticancer activities of microbiota-derived secondary bile acids
Authors: Kouhzad Mobina , Götz Friedrich , Navidifar Tahereh , Taki Elahe , Ghamari Mahsa , Mohammadzadeh Roghayeh , Seyedolmohadesin Maryam , Bostanghadiri Narjess
Published: January 2025

Secondary bile acids (SBAs), which are metabolites produced by gut microbiota, have been implicated in both carcinogenic and anticancer processes. This review explores the dual role of SBAs, focusing on their molecular mechanisms and biological effects. The carcinogenic activities of SBAs include DNA damage, promotion of oxidative stress, and modulation of signaling pathways that drive tumorigenesis. Conversely, some SBAs exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating immune responses. The article also discusses the complex interplay between SBAs and the host’s genetic and environmental factors, highlighting potential therapeutic implications and the need for targeted strategies to mitigate risks while harnessing beneficial effects. A comprehensive understanding of the delicate equilibrium between the deleterious and salutary impacts of SBAs has the potential to facilitate the development of innovative cancer prevention and treatment methodologies.
Zinc regulates microglial polarization and inflammation through IKBα after spinal cord injury and promotes neuronal repair and motor function recovery in mice
Authors: Li Daoyong , Bai Mingyu , Guo Zhanpeng , Cui Yang , Mei Xifan , Tian He , Shen Zhaoliang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe inflammation and neuronal damage, resulting in permanent loss of motor and sensory functions. Zinc ions have shown potential in modulating inflammation and cellular survival, making them a promising therapeutic approach for SCI. This study investigates the mechanisms of zinc ion treatment in SCI, focusing on its effects on inflammation.

Methods

We used transcriptomic analysis to identify key pathways and genes involved in the inflammatory response in a mouse model of SCI. In vitro studies assessed the impact of zinc ions on inflammation, cell polarization, and apoptosis. IKBα expression was evaluated as a potential target of zinc ions, both in cultured cells and in vivo.

Results

Transcriptomic analysis revealed that zinc ions modulate inflammatory pathways through IKBα, which inhibits NF-κB activity. In vitro, zinc treatment upregulated IKBα expression, reducing inflammation, polarization, and apoptosis. These results were confirmed in the SCI mouse model, where zinc ions also reduced inflammation and cell death.

Discussion

Our findings highlight a novel mechanism by which zinc ions regulate inflammation in SCI by upregulating IKBα and inhibiting NF-κB activation. This suggests potential therapeutic applications of zinc ions in SCI and other inflammatory conditions, warranting further investigation into their clinical benefits.
Evaluating seismic stability of reinforced soil slopes using the limit equilibrium method: influence of geosynthetic strength indicators
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhou Zheng , Zhu Yuming , Pu Shikun , Zhang Dengke , Li Erbing
Published: January 2025

Seismic stability of soil slopes is a critical issue within engineering geology, with a particular emphasis on understanding how geosynthetic strength indicators influence the stability of reinforced slopes. This paper employs the limit equilibrium method, in conjunction with the log spiral curve model, to evaluate the seismic stability of reinforced soil slopes considering varying pullout strength indicators. The proposed method is verified by comparing with a same case in the corresponding reference. Then, effects of the non-uniform pullout strength distribution on the seismic reinforcement of slopes is revealed theoretically by changing parameters such as slope angles, friction angles of fill soils, and design length of geosynthetics. The results indicated that when lengths of the geosynthetics are reduced, the seismic yield accelerations calculated using the ultimate bearing capacity is significantly smaller than that obtained using the ultimate pullout strength. It is suggested that the nonuniform pullout strength distribution should be taken into consideration to ensure the stability of slopes under seismic actions. Additionally, this study provides new perspectives and methods for the theoretical study and engineering application of geosynthetic reinforcement techniques.
Battery for fall risk assessment in older adult people—BARQ: analysis of reliability and objectivity
Authors: Guimarães Andrea Carmen , D’Louar Costa Maia Brisa , Dantas Karollyni Bastos Andrade , Santos Gustavo Costa , Américo Letícia Moreira , Werner Nelzy Aparecida Silva , da Costa Lucio Flávio Gomes Ribeiro , da Silva Santos César Augusto , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aims to address significant gaps in fall risk assessment among older adult individuals, using a methodological approach to develop and validate effective instruments.

Objective

To establish the objectivity and reliability of the Battery for Fall Risk Assessment in older adult people - BARQ.

Methodology

This descriptive, cross-sectional, exploratory study started with a preliminary version of BARQ, based on the Comprehensive Falls Risk Screening Instrument—CFRSI. The following variables were included: Fall History and Adverse Events (FH), Medication Use (MU), Home Safety (HS), Balance (Ba), Mobility (Mo), and Visual Acuity (VA). BARQ was administered to 136 older adult participants (X̅ = 70.3 ± 7.20 years) by two assessment teams (∝ and β), at three different times, to examine instrument reliability and objectivity. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Student’s t-test, and Hedges’ g.

Results

Intra-rater and inter-rater correlations were significant for mobility (r = 0.90 and r = 0.88, respectively; p < 0.01) and visual acuity (r = 0.86 and r = 0.87, respectively; p < 0.01). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicated nearly perfect reliability for mobility (0.97) and visual acuity (0.96). No statistically significant differences were found in intra-rater assessments (p ranging from 0.11 to 0.55) and inter-rater assessments (p ranging from 0.37 to 0.55). Hedges’ g test showed medium effect sizes for the overall fall risk index between S1 and S2 (g = 0.39) and small to medium for other variables.
Effectiveness of mDiabetes intervention in enhancing diabetes awareness and promoting healthy lifestyle changes among the general population in rural India
Authors: Rani Padmaja Kumari , Williams Jachin David , Jaswal Nidhi , Yandluri Venkateswaralu , Sangani Payal , Sanagavarapu Kavya , Natarajan Ramya , Ramalingam Sandhya , Saligram Nalini , Khanna Rohit C.
Published: January 2025

Aim

This study aimed to assess the impact of a mHealth and community health education intervention on diabetes awareness and promoting healthy dietary and lifestyle habits within a rural population in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental design, the mDiabetes program was implemented for 1 year, among 1,03,538 rural individuals. Under this program, 56 diabetes prevention messages (twice a week) in local language) were disseminated among the participants via voice calls for a period of 6 months. Additionally, community health education meetings were facilitated by trained community health workers and educational leaflets were distributed among the community members. Questionnaires were administered at three different time points-baseline (before the intervention), endline (after intervention), and follow-up (3 months after endline) to collect demographic data, diabetes-related knowledge, attitudes, practices, physical activity, and dietary habits. Analysis compared data from 545 subjects who participated in all the three surveys.

Results

The cohort comprised 45.5% males and 54.5% females, aged 19–85 years (mean: 55.42; SD 10.3). Post-intervention, diabetes awareness rose to 97.43% at endline and 99.63% at follow-up from 82.75% at baseline. Belief in diabetes preventability increased from 25.5% to 69.5%, and awareness of lifestyle's impact on diabetes management improved from 72.6% to 80.9%. Over 90% recalled prevention messages, with significant lifestyle changes reported by 83% at endline and 73% at follow-up. Improved dietary and activity habits were evident, with fruit consumption and high-fat food avoidance at 78.5% and 67.7% in follow-up. Physical activity levels improved in both endline and follow-up groups compared to baseline. Daily participation in yoga, running, gym, and aerobics increased to 38.7% in endline and follow-up from 7.3% at baseline (p < 0.001). Outdoor sports engagement rose significantly to 15% in endline and follow-up from 0.5% at baseline (p < 0.001). Regular stair usage (59.8%), walking for chores (84.7%), and short walking breaks (93%) increased significantly in follow-up compared to baseline and endline (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The combined mHealth and community health education intervention improved diabetes awareness and healthy habits in rural areas, showing potential for lasting outcomes and guiding future public health efforts in similar settings.
Global, regional, and national burden of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021
Authors: Wang Lei , Yao Xue , Yang Linhua
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common cancer in children and adolescents, severely affecting their survival and health. With the discovery of new drugs and improved treatment options, the survival rate of ALL in children and adolescents has improved significantly.

Methods

We used the GBD (global burden of disease) database to collect patients aged 0–19 years (0–5 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, 15–19 years) diagnosed with ALL between 1990 and 2021. Disease status and change were analyzed by learning about the prevalence, death, incidence, DALYs (disability-adjusted life years), percentage change, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).

Results

In 2021, there were 53,485 new cases of childhood and adolescent ALL, 23,991 deaths, and an estimated 1960,922 DALYs. Incidence, deaths and DALYs have declined globally, with only a rise in low-SDI regions. In 2021, middle-SDI regions have the highest cases of prevalence, incidence, deaths, and DALYs, accounting for approximately one-third of the global total. High-SDI regions have the lowest deaths and DALYs. East Asia has the highest prevalence and incidence. Australasia has the lowest death and DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, children and adolescent ALL deaths and DALYs show a declining trend in about 72.5% of countries, with only Sub-Saharan Africa showing an increase. The prevalence of ALL in children and adolescents is higher in males, with the highest cases in patients under 5 years of age.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the trend of decreasing deaths and DALYs of ALL in children and adolescents. However, there is a need to improve healthcare prevention and timely standardized treatment in developing countries and less developed regions.