bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C
alderihabitans
Authors: Yoneda Yasuko , Takashi Yoshida , Sako Yoshihiko
Published: December 2019

Cal.de.ri.ha′bi.tans. N.L. fem. n.
caldera
from the Portuguese n.
caldera
cauldron;
‐i‐
connecting vowel; L. masc. n.
habitans
dweller, inhabitant; N.L. masc. n.
Calderihabitans
inhabitant of a caldera, referring to the isolation source of the type strain.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Thermoanaerobacterales / Thermoanaerobacteraceae / Calderihabitans

The genus comprises a single species and single strain
C. maritimus
KKC1
T
.
C. maritimus
KKC1
T
is non‐motile, Gram‐negative staining, straight rods which forms round endospores. Thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, and hydrogenogenic carboxydotroph capable to grow chemolithotrophically on carbon monoxide with production of molecular hydrogen as a main product. If present, electron acceptors such as ferric iron and thiosulfate are coupled to carbon monoxide oxidation. Grows heterotrophically on organic substrates such as pyruvate, fumarate, and glucose in presence of electron acceptors. Grows under conditions of 55–68°C, pH 5.2–9.2, and 0.8–14% (w/v) salinity (optimum at 65°C, pH 7.0–7.5, and 2.46% salinity). Major fatty acid is C
16:0
. Most closely related to the members of the genera
Moorella
, in the family
Thermoanaerobacteraceae
; however, assignment of higher taxa is under discussion. The DNA G + C content of the type strain KKC1
T
is 50.6 mol% measured by HPLC and 47 mol% in draft genome sequence. The genome of the type strain KKC1
T
harbors six carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) genes, all of them in different genomic context that each may have unique physiological role. The type strain KKC1
T
was isolated from an inaccessible environment, that is sediment of undersea caldera and there has been no natural habitat revealed from metagenome database.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50.6.

Type species
:
Calderihabitans maritimus
Yoneda et al. 2013
VP
.
E
rcella
Authors: Sánchez‐Andrea Irene , Sousa Diana Z. , Stams Alfons J.M.
Published: December 2019

Er.cel'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Ercella
arbitrary name formed from the acronym ERC (European Research Council).

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Hungateiclostridiaceae / Ercella

Ercella
genus, so far represented by a single validly named species,
Ercella succinigenes
, is embedded in the
Hungateiclostridiaceae
family,
Clostridiales
order, and
Clostridia
class of
Firmicutes
phylum.
E. succinigenes
cells are slightly curved rods, occurring singly or in pairs. Obligate anaerobic bacteria without formation of endospores. Cells stain Gram‐negative. In the exponential growth phase, cells are motile, but nonmotile in the stationary growth phase. Urease activity is negative, indole is not produced, and gelatin and esculin are not hydrolyzed. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. The representative species utilizes glycerol and several carbohydrates (xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sucrose, arabinose, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, maltose, lactose, cellobiose, and maltotriose). The products formed are H
2
, succinate, and acetate with minor amounts of malate. Yeast extract (0.5 g/l) is required for growth, and just weak growth occurs when only 0.1 g/l is added to the medium. Tested polysaccharides (including cellulose), alcohols, organic acids, or amino acids do not support growth. Sulfur or fumarate serves as terminal electron acceptor. Ferric iron, nitrate, thiosulfate, and sulfate are not reduced. Growth occurrs at temperature from 25 to 40°C (optimum 37°C), and pH from 7.0 to 9.0 (optimum pH 7.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids are unsaturated. The type strain was isolated from sludge treating a biogas desulfurization bioreactor. Another
Ercella
strain has been isolated from straw‐degrading enrichments from soda lakes, and related sequences were found in a diversity of habitats such as anaerobic reactors, freshwater lakes, soda lakes, mud volcanoes, metal‐polluted sediments, and hydrocarbon‐containing sites.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 36.7.

Type species
:
Ercella succinigenes
van Gelder et al. 2014
VP
.
C
ognatishimia
Authors: Wang Tao , Wirth Joseph S. , Whitman William B.
Published: December 2019

Cog.na.ti.shi'mi.a. L. masc. adj.
cognatus
relative, related, kindred; N.L. fem. n.
Shimia
a bacteria generic name; N.L. fem. n.
Cognatishimia
related to
Shimia
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Cognatishimia

Gram‐negative‐staining, aerobic, and catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive rods. Optimal growth occurs at 30°C, 2% (w/v) NaCl, and pH 7.0–8.0. Capable of degrading a variety of carbon sources including carbohydrates, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amino acids. The principal fatty acid is C
18
:1
ω7
c
. The major respiratory quinone is Q‐10. The type species was isolated from the seawater of the South Sea of Korea. Member of the family
Rhodobacteraceae
. The type species is
Cognatishimia maritima
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57 (LC).

Type species
:
Cognatishimia maritima
(Park, Lee, Lee, Oh and Yoon 2012) Wirth and Whitman 2018, 2403
VP
(Park, Lee, Lee, Oh and Yoon 2012, 11).
P
orticoccus
Authors: Cho Jang‐Cheon
Published: December 2019

Por.ti.coc'cus. L. masc. n.
portus
a harbor, haven, port; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
a coccus; N.L. masc. n.
Porticoccus
a coccus from a harbor.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Cellvibrionales / Porticoccaceae / Porticoccus

The genus
Porticoccus
encompasses one species with validly published names. The genus also contains another species with invalidly published names. They are Gram‐stain‐negative, chemoheterotrophic, obligately aerobic, and coccoid or rod‐shaped bacteria. Cells are oxidase‐positive but catalase‐variable. Cells of the genus are nonmotile or motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Cells do not form endospores. On heterotrophic media, colonies are very small (0.05 mm) and nonpigmented after 1–2 weeks of growth. On an agar medium sprayed with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colonies of some species are large (4–7 mm) and pigmented green‐yellowish. Members of the genus do not degrade agar and gelatin. These bacteria are slightly halophilic or halotolerant, mesophilic, and neutrophilic. The species of the genus show fastidious growth.
Porticoccus litoralis
can utilize diverse sugars, while “
Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus
” can utilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources. The major respiratory quinone is Q‐8. The type strain of
Porticoccus litoralis
was isolated from a coastal seawater in Korea and that of “
Porticoccus hydrocarbonoclasticus
” was isolated from a laboratory culture of the dinoflagellate
Lingulodinium polyedrum
. The genus belongs to the family
Porticoccaceae
, order
Cellvibrionales
, and class
Gammaproteobacteria
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 47.8–54.9 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Porticoccus litoralis
Oh, Kim, Kim, Min and Cho 2010, 729
VP
.
Cuneatibacter
Authors: Riedel Thomas , Abt Birte , Pukall Rüdiger
Published: December 2019

Cu.ne.a.ti.bac'ter. L. masc. adj.cuneatuswedge shaped; L. masc. n.bacterrod; N.L. masc. n.Cuneatibactera rod‐shaped bacterium with wedge‐shaped ends.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Cuneatibacter

The genusCuneatibactercurrently consists of the speciesCuneatibacter caecimuris. The type strain BARN‐424‐CC‐10T= DSM 29486Twas isolated from mouse cecum and is part of the mouse intestinal bacterial collection (miBC). 16S rRNA sequences related toC. caecimurishave predominantly been detected in metagenomes from the mouse or human gut.C. caecimurisis a Gram‐positive, strictly anaerobic bacterium able to form straight rods occurring as single cells or chains.

DNA G+C content (mol%): 49.1.

Type species:Cuneatibacter caecimurisLagkouvardos et al. 2016b, VL172.
E
xtibacter
Authors: Streidl Theresa , Kumar Neeraj , Suarez Laura Navaroo , Rohn Sascha , Clavel Thomas
Published: December 2019

Ex.ti.bac'ter. L. neut. n.
extum
bowels or entrails of an animal; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Extibacter
a rod isolated from the intestine.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Extibacter

The type and so far sole described species within the genus,
Extibacter muris
, grows as strictly anaerobic Gram‐positive short rods. It is phylogenetically most closely related to members of the family
Lachnospiraceae
within the Firmicutes (≤95% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity). Cells grow under strictly anoxic conditions. They are positive for β‐galactosidase and proline arylamidase and acidification from
d
‐glucose,
d
‐lactose, and xylose. The most dominant cellular fatty acids are C
14:0
and C
16:0
. The type species has been so far isolated only from the intestine of mice. 16S rRNA amplicon‐based survey revealed that it is most likely a subdominant colonizer of the intestine of human and mice. The type strain of the type species
E. muris
DSM 28560
T
is capable of transforming the primary bile acid cholic acid into the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid by means of 7α‐dehydroxylation.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 47.9 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Extibacter muris
Lagkouvardos et al. 2016b, VL173.
L
ongicatena
Authors: Neuhaus Klaus
Published: December 2019

Lon.gi.ca.te'na. L. masc. adj.
longus
long; L. fem. n.
catena
chain, N.L. fem. n.
Longicatena
the type strain of the type species grows as long chains.

Firmicutes / Erysipelotrichia / Erysipelotrichales / Erysipelotrichaceae / Longicatena

Gram‐positive, strictly anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic bacteria. Grows at body temperature of 37°C, in long chains as rods. Motility has not been observed. Esculin can be hydrolyzed. Formaldehyde can be oxidized, pyruvate can be converted to lactate, and
l
‐serine and
l
‐threonine can be fermented. Several enzymes involved in the degradation of glycogen are available. The predominant fatty acid is C
18:1
ω9
c
(>75%), and minor fatty acids are C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
16:0
, iso‐C
19:0
, C
18:1
‐2OH, and C
18:0
. Meso‐diaminopimelic acid is absent. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA revealed that members of the genus
Longicatena
are most closely related to
Clostridium innocuum
and
Clostridium butyricum
. More distantly related are
Eubacterium dolichum
and
Eubacterium limosum
. The G + C content of genomic DNA of the type strain is 37.75 mol%, which is
Longicatena caecimuris
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol
%
)
: 37.75.

Type species
:
Longicatena caecimuris
Lagkouvardos et al. 2016b, VL172.
A
quicoccus
Authors: Park Hye Yoon , Jeong Sang Eun , Jeon Che Ok
Published: December 2019

A.qui.coc'cus. L. fem. n.
aqua
, water; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
(from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
) a berry; N.L. masc. n.
Aquicoccus
, a coccus‐shaped bacterium from the water.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Aquicoccus

Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, and moderate halotolerant nonmotile cocci without flagella. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Nitrate is not reduced. Optimum growth at 37°C, pH 7.0–8.0, and 2–3% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant quinone is ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10). The major cellular fatty acids are summed feature 8 (comprising C
18:1
ω7
c
/C
18:1
ω6
c
) and C
16
:0
. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The genus currently accommodates only one species
Aquicoccus porphyridii,
isolated from a red alga
Porphyridium marinum
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.3 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Aquicoccus porphyridii
Feng, Kim, Jeong, Kim and Jeon 2018, 286
VP
.
L
itorimonas
Authors: Jung Hye Su , Jeong Sang Eun , Jin Hyun Mi , Jeon Che Ok
Published: December 2019

Li.to.ri.mo′nas. L. neut. n.
litus ‐oris
beach; L. fem. n.
monas
monad, unit; N.L. fem. n.
Litorimonas
beach bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Hyphomonadaceae / Litorimonas

Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, strictly aerobic, mesophilic, chemoheterotrophic, moderately halophilic, non‐spore‐forming, and straight to slightly curved rods. Budding of a polar stalk (prostheca) occurs, and cells are motile or nonmotile. Cells produce yellow‐orange to red‐orange pigments. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Neither nitrate nor nitrite is reduced. Ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10) is the major isoprenoid quinone. The cellular fatty acid profiles are dominated by C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
19:1
ω8
c
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
10‐methyl. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monoglycosyldiglyceride (MGDG), glucuronopyranosyldiglyceride (GUDG), and unidentified glycolipids (GLs) are identified as the major polar lipids. DNA G + C content is 46.9–52.8 mol%. The genus
Litorimonas
currently accommodates three species,
L. taeanensis
,
L. cladophorae
, and
L. haliclonae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
46.9–52.8 (genome sequence and
T
m
).

Type species
:
Litorimonas taeanensis
Jung et al. 2011
VP
.
Evolution and Conservation of Trees – A Review of Salient Issues
Authors: Kelleher Colin T.
Published: December 2019

Trees are a charismatic group of plants bound together by life form rather than taxonomy, as the tree form occurs across most phylogenetic lineages of plants. Trees resist a rigorous definition but can broadly be defined as having secondary thickening (wood), large stature, and great longevity. This article focuses on angiosperms and addresses salient issues in the evolution of trees and highlights the current conservation practices. Although the tree form has arisen on multiple instances, evidence suggests a common origin of the woody habit. Parallel evolution and reversals in woody traits have obscured this origin; however, recent molecular evidence suggests a common origin of lignocellulosic genes involved in the production of wood. Trees tend to have high levels of heterozygosity, nevertheless a consensus has not been reached on the evolutionary potential of trees to withstand climate change and a more thorough understanding of phenotypic plasticity is essential to predict their response to short‐ and medium‐term climate change. Approximately 1% of global tree species have been genetically characterised to some extent. Direct measurement or use of indicators and proxies is needed to get a more comprehensive indication of global forest genetic resources. As large, long‐lived organisms, a dynamic or close‐to‐naturein situconservation approach, which facilitates evolution, is the most efficient option and best practice for tree conservation.
Computational Analysis of the Mutual Constraints between Single‐Cell Growth and Division Control Models
Authors: Vuaridel‐Thurre Gaëlle , Vuaridel Ambroise R. , Dhar Neeraj , McKinney John D.
Published: December 2019

Three models of division control are proposed to achieve cell size homeostasis: sizer, timer, and adder. However, few published studies of division control take into account the dynamics of single‐cell growth and most assume that single‐cell growth is exponential. Here, computational simulations considering exponential, linear, and bilinear growth models are performed. These simulations confirm that a timer division control model alone cannot lead to size homeostasis if the single‐cell growth model is exponential. Furthermore, timer and adder division control models cannot be distinguished if the single‐cell growth model is linear. Models of division control cannot be easily differentiated by analysis of average cell behavior because the birth sizes of the majority of cells are close to the population average. However, the differences between division control models are amplified in outlier cells whose birth size is far from the average. A method is introduced for vector field analysis of the speed of convergence of outlier lineages toward the steady‐state birth size, which can help to distinguish between division control models and single‐cell growth models.
Walking the Route to GHz Solution‐Processed Organic Electronics: A HEROIC Exploration
Authors: Perinot Andrea , Passarella Bianca , Giorgio Michele , Caironi Mario
Published: December 2019

Limited charge carrier mobility of organic semiconductors, especially for solution‐processed polymer thin films, has typically relegated organic electronics to low‐frequency operation. Nevertheless, thanks to a steady increase in electronic properties of organics, much higher operation frequencies are feasible, suggesting a possible and appealing scenario where lightweight, cost‐effective, and conformable electronics can integrate both sensing and radio‐frequency transmitting functionalities, which are the key to unlock pervasive networks of distributed sensors revolutionizing human–environment interaction. Few years ago, it was suggested that gigahertz (GHz) field‐effect transistors could be achievable even with solution‐based processes. This was the basis for the European Research Council project high‐frequency printed and direct‐written organic‐hybrid integrated circuits (HEROIC), which in the last few years investigated such unexplored path. Here, the authors report their vision toward the achievement of radio‐frequency organic electronics mainly with solution‐based and scalable processes, with reference to the experience of the HEROIC project and to some of the most notable literature examples. The authors show that the achievement of solution‐processable organic field‐effect transistors with GHz operation is indeed feasible, but requires considering a carefully revised scenario in which the main role is played by charge injection, together with the geometric overlap, the capacitive parasitism associated to fringing and some constraints on the dielectric layer thickness.
Creation of Redox‐Active PdSx Nanoparticles Inside the Defect Pores of MOF UiO‐66 with Unique Semihydrogenation Catalytic Properties
Authors: Dong Ming‐Jie , Wang Xuan , Wu Chuan‐De
Published: December 2019

Semihydrogenation of alkynes to produce alkenes is very important in the industry; however, over‐hydrogenation heavily complicates the postprocesses, which are highly energy consuming and not environmentally friendly. One of the most efficient pathways to solve this challenging issue is to develop highly selective catalysts that could only hydrogenate alkynes and are inactive in hydrogenation of alkenes. This work presents herein an efficient catalyst, consisting of in situ created PdS0.53 nanoparticles as the redox‐active sites inside the defect pores of metal–organic framework UiO‐66, which demonstrates very high alkene selectivity (up to 99.5%) in semihydrogenation of easily over‐hydrogenated terminal alkynes. In contrast to the traditional catalysts, strict control over the reaction time becomes the nonessential condition because the catalyst system is almost inactive in hydrogenation of alkenes. Therefore, this paradigm work provides a practically applicable pathway for the development of efficient catalysts with unique catalytic properties for selective semihydrogenation reactions.
Microwave Absorption of Organic Metal Halide Nanotubes
Authors: Lin Haoran , Green Michael , Xu Liang‐Jin , Chen Xiaobo , Ma Biwu
Published: December 2019

Organic metal halide hybrids have attracted tremendous research interests owing to their outstanding optical and electronic properties suitable for various applications, including photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Recently, the multifunctionality of this class of materials has been further explored beyond their optical and electronic properties. Here, for the first time the microwave electromagnetic properties of a 1D organic metal halide hybrid, (C6H13N4)3Pb2Br7, a single crystalline bulk assembly of organic metal halide nanotubes, are reported. Good microwave absorption performance with a large reflection loss value of −18.5 dB and a threshold bandwidth of 1.0 GHz is discovered for this material, suggesting its potential as a new microwave absorber. This work reveals a new functionality of organic metal halide hybrids and provides a new material class for microwave absorption application studies.
An Artificial Optoelectronic Synapse Based on a Photoelectric Memcapacitor
Authors: Zhao Lei , Fan Zhen , Cheng Shengliang , Hong Lanqing , Li Yongqiang , Tian Guo , Chen Deyang , Hou Zhipeng , Qin Minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming
Published: December 2019

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has led to the urge for artificial optoelectronic synapses with visual perception and memory capabilities. A new type of artificial optoelectronic synapse, namely a photoelectric memcapacitor, is proposed and demonstrated. This photoelectric memcapacitor, with a planar Au/La1.875Sr0.125NiO4/Au metal–semiconductor–metal structure, displays a complementary optical and electrical modulation of capacitance, which can be attributed to the charge trapping/detrapping‐induced Schottky barrier variation. It further exhibits versatile synaptic functions, such as photonic potentiation/electric depression, paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐/long‐term memory, and “learning‐experience” behavior. Moreover, the photoplasticity of the memcapacitor can be modulated by varying the frequency of applied AC voltage, thus enabling self‐adaptive optical signal detection and mimicry of interest‐modulated human visual memory. Therefore, it represents a new paradigm for artificial optoelectronic synapses and opens up opportunities for developing low‐power humanoid optoelectronic devices.
Correlating Phase Behavior with Photophysical Properties in Mixed‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Greenland Claire , Shnier Adam , Rajendran Sai K. , Smith Joel A. , Game Onkar S. , Wamwangi Daniel , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Billing David G. , Lidzey David G.
Published: December 2019

Mixed cation perovskites currently achieve very promising efficiency and operational stability when used as the active semiconductor in thin‐film photovoltaic devices. However, an in‐depth understanding of the structural and photophysical properties that drive this enhanced performance is still lacking. Here the prototypical mixed‐cation mixed‐halide perovskite (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is explored, and temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction measurements that are correlated with steady state and time‐resolved photoluminescence data are presented. The measurements indicate that this material adopts a pseudocubic perovskite α phase at room temperature, with a transition to a pseudotetragonal β phase occurring at ≈260 K. It is found that the temperature dependence of the radiative recombination rates correlates with temperature‐dependent changes in the structural configuration, and observed phase transitions also mark changes in the gradient of the optical bandgap. The work illustrates that temperature‐dependent changes in the perovskite crystal structure alter the charge carrier recombination processes and photoluminescence properties within such hybrid organic–inorganic materials. The findings have significant implications for photovoltaic performance at different operating temperatures, as well as providing new insight on the effect of alloying cations and halides on the phase behavior of hybrid perovskite materials.
Manganese Oxide Modified Nickel Catalysts for Photothermal CO Hydrogenation to Light Olefins
Authors: Wang Yuanshen , Zhao Yufei , Liu Jinjia , Li Zhenhua , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Shi Run , Wen Xiaodong , Zhang Tierui
Published: December 2019

Ni‐based catalysts are traditionally considered unsuitable for the Fischer–Tropsch syntheses of olefins, due to the very strong hydrogenation ability of metallic Ni. Herein, this paradigm is challenged. A series of MnO supports nickel catalysts (denoted herein as Ni‐x) are fabricated by H2 reduction of a nickel‐manganese mixed metal oxide at temperatures (x) ranging from 250 to 600 °C. The Ni‐500 catalyst displays unprecedented performance for photothermal CO hydrogenation to olefins, with an olefin selectivity of 33.0% under ultraviolet–visible irradiation. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that the Ni‐x catalysts contain metallic Ni nanoparticles supported by MnO. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and XAS establish that electron transfer from MnO to the Ni0 nanoparticles is responsible for modifying the electronic structure of nickel (creating Niδ− states), thereby shifting the CO hydrogenation selectivity toward light olefins. Further, density functional theory calculations show that this electron transfer lowers the adsorption energies of olefins on Ni surfaces, thus minimizing the undesirable deep hydrogenation reactions to higher alkanes. This study conclusively demonstrates that MnO‐modified Ni‐based catalyst systems can be highly selective for CO hydrogenation to light olefins.
Accurate Determination of the Minimum HOMO Offset for Efficient Charge Generation using Organic Semiconducting Alloys
Authors: Zhang Jianyun , Liu Wenrui , Zhou Guanqing , Yi Yuanping , Xu Shengjie , Liu Feng , Zhu Haiming , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: December 2019

Current research indicates that exciton dissociation into free charge carriers can be achieved in material combinations with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offset lowered to 0 eV in non‐fullerene organic solar cells. However, the quantitative relationship between the HOMO offset and exciton dissociation has not been established because of the difficulty in achieving continuously tunable HOMO offsets. Here, the binary blends of PTQ10:ZITI‐S and PTQ10:ZITI‐N are combined to form the positive and negative HOMO offsets of 0.20 and −0.07 eV, respectively. While the PTQ10:ZITI‐S binary blend delivers a decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.69% with a short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 16.94 mA cm−2, the PTQ10:ZITI‐N with the negative offset shows a much lower PCE of 7.06% mainly because of the low Jsc of 12.03 mA cm−2. Because the tunable HOMO levels can be realized in organic semiconducting alloys based on ZITI‐N and ZITI‐S acceptors, the transformation of the HOMO energy offset from negative to positive values is achieved in the PTQ10:ZITIN:ZITI‐S ternary blends, delivering much‐improved PCEs up to 13.26% with a significant, 74% enhancement of Jsc to 20.93 mA cm−2. With detailed investigations, the study reveals that the minimum HOMO offset of ≈40 meV is required to achieve the most‐efficient exciton dissociation and photovoltaic performance.
meso‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐boron(III)‐subporphyrin: Perimeter Iridium(III) Coordination
Authors: Lavarda Giulia , Shimizu Daiki , Torres Tomás , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: December 2019

Peripherally metalated porphyrinoids are promising functional π‐systems displaying characteristic optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this work, 5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐ and 5,10,15‐tri(2‐pyridyl)‐BIII‐subporphyrins were prepared and used to produce cyclometalated subporphyrins by reactions with [Cp*IrCl2]2, which proceeded through an efficient C−H activation to give the corresponding mono‐ and tri‐IrIII complexes, respectively. While the mono‐IrIII complex was obtained as a diastereomeric mixture, a C3‐symmetric tri‐IrIII complex with the three Cp*‐units all at the concave side was predominantly obtained in a high yield of 90 %, which displays weak NIR phosphorescence even at room temperature in degassed CH2Cl2, differently from the mono‐IrIII complexes.
Performance‐Enhancing Approaches for PEDOT:PSS‐Si Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Zhe , He Ya , Xiong Banglun , Chen Shanshan , Li Meng , Zhou Yongli , Zheng Yujie , Sun Kuan , Yang Changduk
Published: December 2019

The emerging energy crisis has focused significant worldwide attention on solar cells. Although crystalline silicon solar cells are currently widely used, their high cost limits the development of solar power generation. Consequently, hybrid solar cells are becoming increasingly important, especially organic‐Si hybrid solar cells (HSCs). Organic‐Si HSCs combine a mature technology and high efficiency with the low‐temperature manufacturing process and tunable optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. The organic material can be P3HT, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS. Here we review the performance of PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs and methods for improving their efficiency, such as PEDOT:PSS modification, optimization of the trapping effect, passivation of the silicon surface, addition of an interface layer, improvement of a back contact, and optimization of the metal top electrode. This Review should help fill the gap in this area and provide perspectives for the future development of the PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs.
Macroscopic Self‐Evolution of Dynamic Hydrogels to Create Hollow Interiors
Authors: Han Lu , Zheng Yijun , Luo Hao , Feng Jun , Engstler Roxanne , Xue Lulu , Jing Guangyin , Deng Xu , del Campo Aránzazu , Cui Jiaxi
Published: December 2019

A solid‐to‐hollow evolution in macroscopic structures is challenging in synthetic materials. A fundamentally new strategy is reported for guiding macroscopic, unidirectional shape evolution of materials without compromising the material's integrity. This strategy is based on the creation of a field with a “swelling pole” and a “shrinking pole” to drive polymers to disassemble, migrate, and resettle in the targeted region. This concept is demonstrated using dynamic hydrogels containing anchored acrylic ligands and hydrophobic long alkyl chains. Adding water molecules and ferric ions (Fe3+) to induce a swelling–shrinking field transforms the hydrogels from solid to hollow. The strategy is versatile in the generation of various closed hollow objects (for example, spheres, helix tubes, and cubes with different diameters) for different applications.
The use of high‐flow nasal oxygen during airway management in a child with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica and a difficult airway
Authors: Ng L. Y. , Chan A. K. M. , Lam T. W. Y.
Published: December 2019

The role of high‐flow nasal oxygen in paediatric anaesthesia has been emerging in recent years. However, literature regarding its benefits in paediatric difficult airway management is limited. In this case report, we describe the use of high‐flow nasal oxygen during airway management of a child with a difficult airway due to epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica in whom the use of a facemask would have been potentially harmful. Deep sedation was achieved with propofol and remifentanil while maintaining spontaneous breathing before flexible bronchoscopic tracheal intubation was attempted. However, on attempted tracheal intubation difficulty was encountered due to poor visualisation and contact bleeding. Tracheal intubation was eventually successful after converting to videolaryngoscopy. Oxygenation was maintained throughout the process despite deep sedation and a long procedure time. Moreover, no skin abrasions or mucosal injury resulted from the use of high‐flow nasal oxygen. We conclude that high‐flow nasal oxygen has a valuable role during airway management for a child with a predicted difficult airway when the use of a facemask would have been potentially harmful.
Effect of doping graphene oxide on the structure and properties of SiO2 based high emissivity coatings
Authors: Song Guangping , He Shifeng , He Fei , Yao Yongtao , Li Jianjun , Li Mingwei , He Xiaodong
Published: December 2019

High emissivity coatings have received a great attention due to their energy saving capability for using in spacecraft and industrial furnaces applications. In this study, a feasible spray deposition method was employed to prepare a high emissivity coating on Kovar alloy substrate with porous structure after heat treatment. Graphene oxide was used to dope coating to improve its emissivity. The emissivity enhancement mechanisms of the graphene oxide doped SiO2 coatings have been investigated. Results show that coating emissivity can be significantly improved (6.41 and 9.64% of coating emissivity at 500 and 800°C, respectively) by doping graphene oxide. Thus, this study proposed a feasible and effective method to prepare high emissivity coatings. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48794.
Hydrogen‐bonding assembly of heteropolyacid and poly(vinyl alcohol) for strong, flexible, and transparent UV‐protective films
Authors: Zhang Ziang , Chen Kui , Tang Qun , Li Heping , Zou Zhiming
Published: December 2019

Although many preparation approaches have been developed, it remains a huge challenge to achieve ultraviolet (UV)‐protection films that combine high transparency, excellent UV‐shielding, and mechanical properties. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and eco‐friendly process for fabricating strong, flexible, and transparent UV‐protective poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films by exploiting silicomolybdic acid (SiMoA) as UV absorber and reinforcing phase. Fourier‐transform infrared analysis confirms the formation of strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between PVA and SiMoA. The glass‐transition temperature, mechanical properties, and UV‐shielding stability of the UV‐protective PVA composite films obviously increase with increasing the content of SiMoA. By incorporation of only 2 wt % SiMoA, the UV‐protective PVA composite film can block more than 90% of UV light in the entire UV regions and retain high visible light transparency (up to 95%). Simultaneously, the UV‐protective PVA composite film presents excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 65.2 MPa and an elongation at break of 172.6%, which are 72.0 and 69.5% higher than that of pristine PVA films. This work provides a simple but effective approach for creating strong, flexible, and transparent UV‐blocking polymeric materials via hydrogen‐bonding assembly, which are expected to have wide application prospects in UV‐protection field. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48813.
Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of in situ crosslinked alginate/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/ε‐polylysine films
Authors: Blachechen Tatiana Schafranski , Petri Denise Freitas Siqueira
Published: December 2019

In the present study, in situ crosslinked films were easily prepared by the spray deposition of Phase A, composed by sodium alginate (Alg), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL), and plasticizers, followed by the spray deposition of Phase B (Ca2+ ions) on polystyrene dishes. The effect of the amount of plasticizer, HPMC, and ε‐PL in Phase A on the films properties was explored in a set of 12 systems. Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode revealed that plasticizers compete with Ca2+ ions for complexation with Alg. Films with high HPMC content and low content of plasticizer and ε‐PL presented the best mechanical properties. The best system presented Young modulus of 0.76 ± 0.10 GPa, water vapor transmission of 5.35 ± 0.28 mg cm−2 h−1, swelling ratio of 1374 ± 97%, 99.99% reduction against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria, and 99.9% reduction against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48832.
Input‐output finite‐time stability of fractional‐order switched singular continuous‐time systems
Authors: Feng Tian , Wu Baowei , Wang Yue‐E , Liu Lili
Published: December 2019

The input‐output finite‐time stability and stabilization of a class of fractional‐order switched singular continuous‐time systems with order 0<α<1 are studied in this paper. First, based on the average dwell time switching technique, by constructing multiple Lyapunov functions, the sufficient conditions of input‐output finite‐time stability for the considered systems are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Second, a suitable LMI‐based state feedback controller is designed. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Prepare for legal, regulatory impact of allowing endorsement deals
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: December 2019

Since the O'Bannon litigation, the possibility of student‐athletes profiting off their name, image, and likeness has been at the forefront of the national dialogue on possible forms of compensation within the world of collegiate athletics. A recent antitrust decision that determined the NCAA's limits on education‐related financial benefits were unlawful certainly added further fuel to the growing pay‐for‐play debate.
Did university act with deliberate indifference toward sexual harassment by rugby players?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: December 2019

A campus feminist group met with the University of Mary Washington administration in November 2014 about: (1) a videotape that allegedly depicted some UMW men's rugby players advocating violence against women and (2) anonymous threats against feminist students that were posted on a local social media site known as “Yik Yak.”
Focus on growth mindset leads to success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2019

When Nan Carney‐DeBord, M.A., began her role nine years ago as Director of Athletics and Recreation and Chair and Professor of Health, Exercise and Sport Studies at Denison University in Ohio, she appreciated the opportunity to work with many incredible leaders, mentors, and coaches at her alma mater — but she also noticed many silos.
RhB‐Embedded Zirconium–Naphthalene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Composite as a Luminescent Self‐Calibrating Platform for the Selective Detection of Inorganic Ions
Authors: Zhang Zhinan , Wei Zihao , Meng Fanyu , Su Jiali , Chen Dashu , Guo Zhifen , Xing Hongzhu
Published: December 2019

A series of dye@MOF composites were synthesized through in situ encapsulation of luminous rhodamine B (RhB) molecules into a blue‐emissive zirconium–naphthalene‐based metal–organic framework (Zr‐MOF). The fabricated RhB@Zr‐MOF composites exhibit tunable dual‐emissive characteristics due to the process of resonant energy transfer from Zr‐MOF to RhB. Notably, one of the RhB@Zr‐MOF composites (R@D3) exhibited a weak emission at 420 nm and a strong emission at 607 nm, for which the two emissions possess large distinctions in location and intensity and can be referenced with each other in sensing analytes. By using relative fluorescence intensity instead of their absolute fluorescence intensity as the detection signals, R@D3 served as a built‐in self‐calibrated platform to selectively detect Fe3+ and Cr2O72− ions in water. Compared with the pristine Zr‐MOF, the R@D3 composite shows enhanced sensing selectivity to Fe3+ and higher sensibility to Cr2O72−. This study displays the advantages of combining organic dyes with robust Zr‐MOFs in tuning fluorescence and sensing performance.
Kemp Elimination Reaction Catalyzed by Electric Fields
Authors: Acosta‐Silva Carles , Bertran Joan , Branchadell Vicenç , Oliva Antoni
Published: December 2019

The Kemp elimination reaction is the most widely used in the de novo design of new enzymes. The effect of two different kinds of electric fields in the reactions of acetate as a base with benzisoxazole and 5‐nitrobenzisoxazole as substrates have been theoretically studied. The effect of the solvent reaction field has been calculated using the SMD continuum model for several solvents; we have shown that solvents inhibit both reactions, the decrease of the reaction rate being larger as far as the dielectric constant is increased. The diminution of the reaction rate is especially remarkable between aprotic organic solvents and protic solvents as water, the electrostatic term of the hydrogen bonds being the main factor for the large inhibitory effect of water. The presence of an external electric field oriented in the direction of the charge transfer (z axis) increases it and, so, the reaction rate. In the reaction of the nitro compound, if the electric field is oriented in an orthogonal direction (x axis) the charge transfer to the NO2 group is favored and there is a subsequent increase of the reaction rate. However, this increase is smaller than the one produced by the field in the z axis. It is worthwhile mentioning that one of the main effects of external electric fields of intermediate intensity is the reorientation of the reactants. Finally, the implications of our results in the de novo design of enzymes are discussed.
Influence of the Synthesis Route on the Properties of Hybrid NiO–MnCo2O4–Ni6MnO8 Anode Materials and their Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Zhu Jie , Cao Guolin , Zhou Yuan , Li Yunjiao , Zheng Junchao , Zhang Dianwei
Published: December 2019

New materials with different morphologies, nanostructures, and components can have structural advantages for application in materials science. Multicomponent‐active hybrid nanostructured materials are among the best candidates for application in electrode materials. Spray pyrolysis and solvothermal synthesis are two popular methods for the preparation of multicomponent‐active hybrid nanostructured materials. In this study, the two types of NiO‐MnCo2O4‐Ni6MnO8 hybrid anode materials for use in lithium‐ion batteries were synthesized by two different methods (spray pyrolysis and solvothermal synthesis), and the differences in their physical and electrochemical properties were compared. The two types of anode material exhibited the same hierarchical hybrid composition, but some different physical characteristics, which affected their electrochemical performance.
Compact memristor‐based ultra‐wide band chirp pulse generator
Authors: Barraj Imen , Bahloul Mohamed , Fouda Mohamed E. , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: December 2019

In this letter, a memristor‐based chirp pulse generator circuit is introduced for ultra‐wideband transceivers for the first time. The proposed generator is built using memristor‐controlled ring oscillator. Memristor is used to replace the bulky components in the chirp pulse generation such as surface acoustic wave filters and reactive components (capacitor and inductors), which reflects a huge reduction in area and power. The chirp pulse frequency of the proposed circuit varies linearly with time over the pulse duration due to the change in the memristance. The proposed circuit is mathematically analyzed and designed using 65‐nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The 500‐MHz bandwidth is demonstrated using a 32‐ns pulse width complying with the FCC regulations. The power consumption is 84 μW with a 10‐MHz pulse repetition frequency (PRF).
Integrating dynamic environmental predictors and species occurrences: Toward true dynamic species distribution models
Authors: Milanesi Pietro , Della Rocca Francesca , Robinson Robert A.
Published: December 2019

While biological distributions are not static and change/evolve through space and time, nonstationarity of climatic and land‐use conditions is frequently neglected in species distribution models. Even recent techniques accounting for spatiotemporal variation of species occurrence basically consider the environmental predictors as static; specifically, in most studies using species distribution models, predictor values are averaged over a 50‐ or 30‐year time period. This could lead to a strong bias due to monthly/annual variation between the climatic conditions in which species' locations were recorded and those used to develop species distribution models or even a complete mismatch if locations have been recorded more recently. Moreover, the impact of land‐use change has only recently begun to be fully explored in species distribution models, but again without considering year‐specific values. Excluding dynamic climate and land‐use predictors could provide misleading estimation of species distribution. In recent years, however, open‐access spatially explicit databases that provide high‐resolution monthly and annual variation in climate (for the period 1901–2016) and land‐use (for the period 1992–2015) conditions at a global scale have become available. Combining species locations collected in a given month of a given year with the relative climatic and land‐use predictors derived from these datasets would thus lead to the development of true dynamic species distribution models (D‐SDMs), improving predictive accuracy and avoiding mismatch between species locations and predictor variables. Thus, we strongly encourage modelers to develop D‐SDMs using month‐ and year‐specific climatic data as well as year‐specific land‐use data that match the period in which species data were collected.
Nrf2 expression driven by Foxp3 specific deletion of Keap1 results in loss of immune tolerance in mice
Authors: Klemm Patricia , Rajendiran Anandhi , Fragoulis Athanassios , Wruck Christoph , Schippers Angela , Wagner Norbert , Bopp Tobias , Tenbrock Klaus , Ohl Kim
Published: December 2019

The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates oxidative stress responses. However, the specific function of Nrf2 in Tregs, the central regulators of immune homeostasis, is unclear. Here, we report an unexpected but important role of Nrf2 in Tregs. Nrf2 expression driven by Foxp3 specific deletion of Keap1 resulted in an autoinflammatory phenotype with enhanced effector T cell activation and immune cell infiltrates in the lung. While early postnatal death of mice with Foxp3 specific deletion of Keap1 was most probably due to ectopic Foxp3cre expression and subsequent Keap1 deletion in epithelial cells, bone marrow chimeras suggest that Nrf2 activation intrinsically in Tregs contributes to a loss of Treg cells and diminished peripheral tolerance. Moreover, Nrf2 activation was associated with a loss of Foxp3 expression, but an enhanced glucose uptake and mTOR activity in Tregs, thus mimicking a metabolic phenotype that is associated with impaired lineage stability and cell functioning.
1,4‐Benzoquinone Derivatives for Enhanced Bioelectrocatalysis by Fructose Dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter Japonicus: Towards Promising D‐Fructose Biosensor Development
Authors: Voitechovič Edita , Vektarienė Aušra , Vektaris Gytis , Jančienė Regina , Razumienė Julija , Gurevičienė Vidutė
Published: December 2019

D‐fructose amount in food and beverages should be carefully controlled in order to avoid its overconsumption by human, which can lead to various metabolic diseases. Thus, the development of a low‐cost and portable (bio)sensors, which realize the on‐site monitoring of D‐fructose, is still highly required. In this work, we proposed several reagentless bioelectrochemical systems (BioESs) based on fructose dehydrogenase EC1.1.99.11 from Gluconobacter japonicus (FDH) and on 2‐arylamine‐1,4‐benzoquinone (ABQ) derivatives as a platform for the development of D‐fructose electrochemical biosensor. To design a reliable and easily reproducible BioES, we used the simple physical sorption as the electrode modification strategy for ABQs and FDH immobilization that is suitable for low‐cost mass production of the biosensors by standard microfabrication techniques. To choose the most suitable ABQ compounds for BioESs design, we proposed a novel theoretical approach of potential ET mediator evaluation through its electrochemical properties. A set of newly synthesized and of previously applied ABQs was characterized both electrochemically and using the density functional theory (DFT). It was shown that results obtained by quantum chemical analysis were in a good agreement with the ABQ characteristics obtained in electrochemical measurements. We suggest that the calculated local ionization energy values and theoretical redox potential obtained by DFT are a powerful tool for prediction of ABQs electrochemical properties. The performance of the BioESs with FDH under study was determined by electrochemical and electronic properties of ABQ derivatives and FDH orientation and stabilization on the electrode surface. The most promising BioES was based on carbon paste electrodes and 2‐(3‐nitro(phenyl)amino)‐ cyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1,4‐dione as ET mediator, which accelerated FDH catalysis and improved its stability better, then other studied ABQs. The bioelectrocatalytic process was characterized by initial apparent maximum current density of 7.1 μA cm−2 at the optimal conditions (+400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, McIlvaine's buffer, pH 5.0 and 20 °C). The findings of this research open new possibilities for development of cost‐effective biosensors with FDH and, potentially, with other redox enzymes.