bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notas documentais sobre o Cabo Delgado e Niassa no Século XIX
Authors: Correia Milton
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo documenta os fatos históricos ocorridos na segunda metade do século XIX em Cabo Delgado e Niassa no norte de Moçambique. A pesquisa realizada entre os anos de 2010 e 2011 incidiu sobre a documentação dos fundos do governo-geral de Moçambique e do governo do Distrito de Cabo Delgado do Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique (AHM). Constam no artigo os expedientes portugueses referentes a disputa entre Zanzibar e Portugal sobre a fronteira norte de Moçambique em Cabo Delgado e ao Tratado de Comércio e Amizade celebrado entre os dois governos. Constam também expedientes sobre a “Expedição ao Niassa”, os diferendos que se desenvolveram entre autoridades portuguesas de Moçambique e autoridades inglesas da África Central Britânica (Niassalândia, hoje Malawi) e sobre as lutas de resistência em Niassa.
TRÁFICO ATLÂNTICO, ESCRAVIDÃO E RESISTÊNCIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Leite Maria Jorge dos Santos
Published: February 2018

Entre os séculos XVI e XIX, milhares de homens e mulheres negros perderam sua condição humana ao serem capturados e transformados em mercadoria negociável,  através de uma   atividade comercial denominada tráfico atlântico, que envolveu sujeitos de três continentes: Europa, África e América, culminando na escravidão negra, da qual o Brasil participou intensamente.  Este trabalho  tem como objetivo revisitar a história da escravidão no Brasil, através da análise  das formas de resistência apresentadas pelos escravizados,  desde sua retirada  da África,  até a formação de quilombos.  Reflete, ainda, as contradições entre os ideais liberais que deram sustentação às lutas por liberdade política e econômica no Brasil e a manutenção da escravidão após a Independência de 1822; bem como,  as lutas encabeçadas  pelos  ex-escravos   a partir Abolição, em 1888,  na defesa do direito  à cidadania e contra o racismo.  A metodologia de pesquisa foi pesquisa bibliográfica – revisão de literatura- através da análise  da  contribuição de vários autores  para a história da escravidão  e resistência no Brasil,  do movimento negro pós-abolição e da questão racial.
OS DESAFIOS DOS EXPATRIADOS: O ESTABELECIMENTO DO EX-ESCRAVO WILLIAM DOUGLASS E SUA FAMÍLIA NA LIBÉRIA (1857 - 1866)
Authors: Souza Tainá Elis Santos de
Published: February 2018

Em 1854,  Dr. James Hunter Terrell, dono da fazenda ‘Music Hall’, em Albemarle County, na Virgínia, fez um testamento no qual expressava sua vontade de que seus escravos fossem libertos após sua morte e preferencialmente reassentados na Libéria. Em dezembro de 1856, o Dr. James Hunter Minor, o sobrinho do fazendeiro e executor do seu testamento enviou alguns dos ex-escravos  do tio para a Libéria no navio Mary Caroline Stevens. Dentre estes, estava William Douglass, nascido nos Estados Unidos e homônimo do conhecido líder abolicionista. Assim que chegou na Monróvia, em 8 de Fevereiro de 1857, ele começou a se corresponder com Dr. James Hunter Minor relatando as dificuldades e as conquistas feitas no novo lar, bem como  solicitou notícias e o envio de alguns bens dos Estados Unidos. Foram encontradas somente as correspondências enviadas por William Douglass no período de 1857 até 1866.
DA EXTREMA TRANSPARÊNCIA À SUTIL INVISIBILIDADE: O ESPAÇO DO NEGRO NAS EFÍGIES DOS MANUAIS ESCOLARES
Authors: Castro Maria Aparecida Dias , Miguel Antonieta
Published: February 2018

Propõe-se, neste artigo, analisar imagens da África, de negros e afrodescendentes em quatro coleções didáticas para o Ensino Fundamental I, adotadas para as escolas públicas de Caetité, entre o período de 2010 a 2018, à luz de alguns pressupostos da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) na perspectiva de Moscovici (1978, 2015), estudioso que alerta para a impossibilidade de compreender o indivíduo sem considerá-lo historicamente sujeito de uma construção cultural, política e econômica. No processo de análise de dados, foi possível constatar que as imagens que representam esse espaço e sujeitos sociais oscilam entre as que evidenciam uma preocupação em ser socialmente aceitáveis e aquelas que fugazmente desvelam construções históricas estereotipadas. É especialmente destas últimas que este texto se acerca.
“CONCORDO, CLARO, QUE UMA BOA ARTE MUDA AS COISAS”. A ESCRITA LITERÁRIA DE CHINUA ACHEBE E A CRÍTICA A COLONIALIDADE.
Authors: Mortari Cláudia , Gabilan Katarina Kristie Martins Lopes
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões iniciais que se debruçam sobre a escrita do nigeriano Chinua Achebe (1930-2013), discutindo o papel social e político da sua produção literária bem como a possibilidade de, a partir da análise desta, apontar evidências acerca da percepção do escritor em relação a eventos históricos ocorridos na sociedade nigeriana. Tendo como documento de análise as obras O Mundo se Despedaça (Things fall apart, publicado em 1958), A Flecha e Deus (Arrow of God publicado em 1964), entrevistas e ensaios do autor, partimos do pressuposto que sua escrita literária, enquanto arcabouço narrativo e documento histórico, é informada por suas visões e sentidos da história, pois ele e suas obras são acontecimentos datados historicamente e expressam, portanto, o seu tempo e o seu lugar. Em um diálogo entre intelectuais dos campos teóricos pós-coloniais e decoloniais, nossa proposta é pensar a contribuição de sua escrita literária articulada com a ideia de “equilíbrio das histórias” – termo cunhado por ele em suas entrevistas. Para o autor, todos possuímos o direito de contar nossas próprias histórias a partir das nossas vivências, contrapondo-se à herança da colonialidade que difunde a ideia da existência de uma história única – a partir do ponto de vista eurocentrado. Tal posicionamento, de questionamento do saber epistêmico ocidental/colonial e o descobrimento e valorização das teorias e epistemologias do Sul que pensam com e a partir de corpos e lugares étnico-raciais/sexuais subalternizados, abre possibilidades para o surgimento de paradigmas outros. Dessa forma, ser possível identificar não apenas a perspectiva de um sujeito da história, como também a forma como ele constrói uma referência ao passado partindo do presente. Em uma relação com a literatura a partir das categorias próprias de Achebe, propomos pensar uma lógica de reflexão que se desloque da ótica da colonialidade.
A era das utopias light: o leve como imperativo da condição humana
Authors: Mariano Paloma Volski
Published: February 2018

Esta resenha tem como objetivo aproximar e fornecer ao leitor uma breve exposição sobre o livro Da leveza: rumo a uma civilização sem peso de Gilles Lipovetsky. A discussão do livro aborda um tema que aparece de modo central no comportamento dos indivíduos contemporâneos e como um dos eixos fundamentais da sociedade de nossos tempos guiada pelo princípio da leveza. Na era hipermoderna, que representa o momento atual, a leveza é um mecanismo de organização social e um princípio que ordena a própria realidade.
Impressoras 3D: uma mudança na dinâmica do consumo
Authors: Pinheiro Cristiano Max Pereira , Mota Gabriela Ehlers , Steinhaus Camilla , Souza Mikaela De
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como tema a mudança no modo de consumir produtos e/ou ideias, gerada pela maior acessibilidade financeira das impressoras 3D. A questão norteadora deste estudo reflete sobre a mudança nos processos de projetar, fabricar e consumir diversos objetos devido ao uso desses equipamentos. Para apresentar um panorama inicial, optou-se por uma metodologia baseada em uma pesquisa exploratória de cunho bibliográfico. Obras de autores como Anderson e Gorni, publicadas respectivamente em 2012 e 2013, fundamentam a análise.
Totalmente Demais e as experimentações da TV Globo
Authors: Souza Gabriel , Castro Maria Lília Dias de , Andres Fernanda Sagrilo
Published: February 2018

A proposta deste trabalho é averiguar as inovações lançadas pela emissora TV Globo, mais especificamente na telenovela Totalmente Demais, buscando mapear as estratégias empregadas no plano intertextual, no que se refere às novas experiências de conteúdo, às possibilidades de interatividade com o público telespectador e aos diferentes recursos de apelo comercial, dentro do contexto da convergência midiática. Trata-se de reflexão baseada na construção discursiva e, como tal, centrada na teoria semiótica de filiação greimasiana e nos desdobramentos propostos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Comunicação Televisual (COMTV) da UFSM.
A comunicação com o mercado por meio de aplicativos: desafios e oportunidades
Authors: Guidini Priscila
Published: February 2018

A comunicação com mercado passa por transformações causadas pelo cenário tecnológico cada dia mais presente no cotidiano de consumidores contemporâneos. Buscar relevância no contato com o consumidor digital tem sido um desafio para as organizações. Os apps são uma possibilidade de relacionamento e comunicação, são meios legítimos de se promover experiências. Com a viabilidade de inserção de elementos como interação, música, animação, jogos, áudio e vídeo, os aplicativos são fóruns ricos de informações e relacionamento.
Litogeoquímica e geocronologia dos ortognaisses migmatíticos do Domo de Itabaiana, Sergipe: uma suíte do tipo tonalito, trondhjemito e granodiorito?
Authors: Santiago Renato Carlos Vieira , Leal Angela Beatriz de Menezes , Marinho Moacyr Moura , Argollo Roberto Max , Barbosa Johildo Salomão Figueiredo , Rocha Júnior Eduardo Reis Viana
Published: February 2018

O Domo de Itabaiana encontra-se inserido no Domínio Vaza Barris da Faixa de Dobramentos Sergipana, no Estado de Sergipe. Está representado por um complexo gnáissico-migmatítico, constituído por ortognaisses migmatizados, com intercalações de níveis anfibolíticos. O conjunto foi retrabalhado e soerguido durante o processo de deformação Neoproterozoica dessa faixa. Estudos petrográficos revelam que os ortognaisses são de composição tonalítica a granodiorítica, por vezes com feições desde protomiloníticas a miloníticas. A litogeoquímica evidenciou um caráter sódico nessas rochas, as quais foram analisadas em dois grupos distintos, em relação aos seus padrões em ETR e teores de K2O. Os litotipos com teores de K2O < 2,5% compreendem termos da série cálcio-alcalina de baixo K a cálcio-alcalina normal, enquanto aqueles com teores de K2O ≥ 2,5% compreendem termos posicionados na interface da série cálcio-alcalina normal com a série cálcio-alcalina de alto K. Os dois grupos possuem anomalias negativas de  Th-U, Ta-Nb e Ti, além de baixos teores de Y, apresentando um padrão fortemente fracionado, com o enriquecimento em terras raras leves e empobrecimento em terras raras pesadas. Apenas um grupo apresenta anomalia positiva de Sr e concavidade nos espectros dos terras raras pesados, feições também típicas dos TTGs arqueanos. Sugere-se que ambos possuem afinidade com TTGs e que o grupo mais enriquecido em K2O sofreu algum tipo de participação crustal em sua gênese. As análises geocronológicas determinaram uma idade de 2729 ± 12 Ma (LA-ICP-MS), interpretada como idade de cristalização dos ortognaisses.
Estimating the impact of structural directionality: How reliable are undirected connectomes?
Authors: Kale Penelope , Zalesky Andrew , Gollo Leonardo L.
Published: February 2018

Directionality is a fundamental feature of network connections. Most structural brain networks are intrinsically directed because of the nature of chemical synapses, which comprise most neuronal connections. Because of the limitations of noninvasive imaging techniques, the directionality of connections between structurally connected regions of the human brain cannot be confirmed. Hence, connections are represented as undirected, and it is still unknown how this lack of directionality affects brain network topology. Using six directed brain networks from different species and parcellations (cat, mouse, C. elegans, and three macaque networks), we estimate the inaccuracies in network measures (degree, betweenness, clustering coefficient, path length, global efficiency, participation index, and small-worldness) associated with the removal of the directionality of connections. We employ three different methods to render directed brain networks undirected: (a) remove unidirectional connections, (b) add reciprocal connections, and (c) combine equal numbers of removed and added unidirectional connections. We quantify the extent of inaccuracy in network measures introduced through neglecting connection directionality for individual nodes and across the network. We find that the coarse division between core and peripheral nodes remains accurate for undirected networks. However, hub nodes differ considerably when directionality is neglected. Comparing the different methods to generate undirected networks from directed ones, we generally find that the addition of reciprocal connections ( false positives) causes larger errors in graph-theoretic measures than the removal of the same number of directed connections ( false negatives). These findings suggest that directionality plays an essential role in shaping brain networks and highlight some limitations of undirected connectomes.
Mapping hybrid functional-structural connectivity traits in the human connectome
Authors: Amico Enrico , Goñi Joaquín
Published: February 2018

One of the crucial questions in neuroscience is how a rich functional repertoire of brain states relates to its underlying structural organization. How to study the associations between these structural and functional layers is an open problem that involves novel conceptual ways of tackling this question. We here propose an extension of the Connectivity Independent Component Analysis (connICA) framework to identify joint structural-functional connectivity traits.

Here, we extend connICA to integrate structural and functional connectomes by merging them into common “hybrid” connectivity patterns that represent the connectivity fingerprint of a subject. We tested this extended approach on the 100 unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The method is able to extract main independent structural-functional connectivity patterns from the entire cohort that are sensitive to the realization of different tasks.

The hybrid connICA extracts two main task-sensitive hybrid traits. The first trait encompasses the within and between connections of dorsal attentional and visual areas, as well as frontoparietal circuits. The second trait mainly encompasses the connectivity between visual, attentional, default mode network (DMN), and subcortical network. Overall, these findings confirm the potential of the hybrid connICA for the compression of structural/functional connectomes into integrated patterns from a set of individual brain networks.
Effects of Auditory Patterns on Judged Displacements of an Occluded Moving Object
Authors: Chotsrisuparat Chayada , Koning Arno , Jacobs Richard , van Lier Rob
Published: February 2018

Using displays in which a moving disk disappeared behind an occluder, we examined whether an accompanying auditory rhythm influenced the perceived displacement of the disk during occlusion. We manipulated a baseline rhythm, comprising a relatively fast alternation of equal sound and pause durations. We had two different manipulations to create auditory sequences with a slower rhythm: either the pause durations or the sound durations were increased. In the trial, a disk moved at a constant speed, and at a certain point moved behind an occluder during which an auditory rhythm was played. Participants were instructed to track the occluded disk, and judge the expected position of the disk at the moment that the auditory rhythm ended by touching the judged position on a touch screen. We investigated the influence of the auditory rhythm, i.e., ratio of sound to pause duration, and the influence of auditory density, i.e., the number of sound onsets per time unit, on the judged distance. The results showed that the temporal characteristics affected the spatial judgments. Overall, we found that in the current paradigm relatively slow rhythms led to shorter judged distance as compared to relatively fast rhythms for both pause and sound variations. There was no main effect of auditory density on the judged distance of an expected visual event. That is, whereas the speed of the auditory rhythm appears crucial, the number of sound onsets per time unit as such, i.e., the auditory density, appears a much weaker factor.
Bridging the Gaps: Methodological Challenges in the Study of Taiwanese Popular Religion
Authors: Katz Paul R.
Published: February 2018

This paper critically assesses leading research on Taiwanese popular religion published during the past two decades, including by historians of religion and social scientists. It pays special attention to the challenges (and opportunities) provided by the study of Taiwan’s vibrant religious traditions, which have produced a wealth of textual materials yet can also be researched by using ethnographic methods and collecting survey data. Another conundrum that Taiwanese scholars face involves how to effectively utilise the ever-increasing body of data about religious life in modern Chinese history and among Chinese communities throughout the world. The review’s scope centres on research results from the past 20 years that examine temple cults and festivals; it will not discuss Buddhism, Daoism, Christianity, and other foreign religions, as well as the religions practiced by Taiwan’s indigenous peoples. However, it will occasionally mention scholarship on voluntary religious movements, especially those that perform spirit-writing rituals.
Studies of Taiwan’s Feminist Discourses and Women’s Movements
Authors: Chang Doris T.
Published: February 2018

In the twentieth century, Taiwanese feminists have selectively appropriated various strands of Western feminism to improve women’s status and meet women’s needs. In this article, several scholarly works pertaining to the analysis of various strands of Taiwanese feminism, and the historical development of women’s movements published in the 1990s, as well as after, will be reviewed and discussed. The lifting of martial law in 1987 created the political climate that enabled Taiwanese feminists to lift their self-censorship and contribute to the diversification of feminist discourses and ngos in Taiwanese civil society. The mid-1990s was another watershed in the transformation of Taiwanese feminist discourses and women’s movement strategies.
Studies on Taiwan’s Democracy and Democratisation
Authors: Rigger Shelley
Published: February 2018

Throughout its long democratic transition and two decades of democratic functioning, Taiwan’s political development has attracted attention from many political scientists. This review of recent scholarship finds that while some works suffer from political bias, there is no shortage of high-quality academic work on this topic. Well-crafted assessments of Taiwan’s democratic performance vary in their conclusions, but critical assessments outnumber laudatory ones. Topics that have attracted especially strong attention from scholars include Taiwan’s constitutional development (with the verdict that the island is ill-served by a pattern of politically motivated constitutional changes) and electoral reform (which is judged to have strengthened the two-party system). Finally, the paper identifies and categorises works that compare Taiwan to other new democracies and summarises work on how Taiwan’s democracy is perceived by the island’s public.
Recent Atmospheric Variability at Kibo Summit, Kilimanjaro, and Its Relation to Climate Mode Activity
Authors: Collier Emily , Mölg Thomas , Sauter Tobias
Published: February 2018

Accurate knowledge of the impact of internal atmospheric variability is required for the detection and attribution of climate change and for interpreting glacier records. However, current knowledge of such impacts in high-mountain regions is largely based on statistical methods, as the observational data required for process-based assessments are often spatially or temporally deficient. Using a case study of Kilimanjaro, 12 years of convection-permitting atmospheric modeling are combined with an 8-yr observational record to evaluate the impact of climate oscillations on recent high-altitude atmospheric variability during the short rains (the secondary rain season in the region). The focus is on two modes that have a well-established relationship with precipitation during this season, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean zonal mode, and demonstrate their strong association with local and mesoscale conditions at Kilimanjaro. Both oscillations correlate positively with humidity fluctuations, but the association is strongest with the Indian Ocean zonal mode in the air layers near and above the glaciers because of changes in zonal circulation and moisture transport, emphasizing the importance of the moisture signal from this basin. However, the most anomalous conditions are found during co-occurring positive events because of the combined effects of the (i) extended positive sea surface temperature anomalies, (ii) enhanced atmospheric moisture capacity from higher tropospheric temperatures, (iii) most pronounced weakening of the subsiding branch of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation over East Africa, and (iv) stronger monsoonal moisture fluxes upstream from Kilimanjaro. This study lays the foundation for unraveling the contribution of climate modes to observed changes in Kilimanjaro’s glaciers.
Winter 2015/16 Atmospheric and Precipitation Anomalies over North America: El Niño Response and the Role of Noise
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Kumar Arun
Published: February 2018

The possible causes for the observed winter 2015/16 precipitation anomalies, which were opposite to the mean El Niño signal over the U.S. Southwest, are analyzed based on the ensemble of forecasts from the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). The analysis focuses on the role of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) forcing and the contributions of atmospheric internal variability. The model-predicted ensemble mean forecast for December–January–February 2015/16 (DJF 2015/16) North American atmospheric anomalies compared favorably with the El Niño composite, although some difference existed. The predicted pattern was also like that in the previous strong El Niño events of 1982/83 and 1997/98. Therefore, the model largely predicted the teleconnection and precipitation response pattern in DJF 2015/16 like the mean El Niño signal. The observed negative precipitation anomalies over the U.S. Southwest in DJF 2015/16 were not consistent either with the observed or with the model-predicted El Niño composite. Analysis of the member-to-member variability in the ensemble of forecast anomalies allowed quantification of the contribution of atmospheric internal variability in shaping seasonal mean anomalies. There were considerable variations in the outcome of DJF 2015/16 precipitation over North America from one forecast to another even though the predicted SSTs were nearly identical. The observed DJF 2015/16 precipitation anomalies were well within the envelope of possible forecast outcomes. Therefore, the atmospheric internal variability could have played a considerable role in determining the observed DJF 2015/16 negative precipitation anomalies over the U.S. Southwest, and its role is discussed in the context of differences in response.
Comparing Forecaster Eye Movements during the Warning Decision Process
Authors: Wilson Katie A. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Kang Ziho
Published: February 2018

An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to examine whether differences in forecasters’ eye movements provide further insight into how radar update speed impacts their warning decision process. In doing so, this study also demonstrates the applications of a new research method for observing how National Weather Service forecasters distribute their attention across a radar display and warning interface. In addition to observing forecasters’ eye movements during this experiment, video data and retrospective recalls were collected. These qualitative data were used to provide an explanation for differences observed in forecasters’ eye movements. Eye movement differences were analyzed with respect to fixation measures (i.e., count and duration) and scanpath dimensions (i.e., vector, direction, length, position, and duration). These analyses were completed for four stages of the warning decision process: the first 5 min of the case, 2 min prior to warning decisions, the warning issuance process, and warning updates. While radar update speed did not impact forecasters’ fixation measures during these four stages, comparisons of scanpath dimensions revealed differences in their eye movements. Video footage and retrospective recall data illustrated how forecasters’ interactions with the radar display and warning interface, encounters with technological challenges, and varying approaches to similar tasks resulted in statistically significantly (p value < 0.05) lower scanpath similarity scores. The findings of this study support the combined use of eye-tracking and qualitative research methods for detecting and understanding individual differences in forecasters’ eye movements. Future applications of these methods in operational meteorology research have potential to aid usability studies and improve human–computer interactions for forecasters.
Linear and Nonlinear Thermal Lens Signal of the (Δν = 6) C–H Vibrational Overtone of Naphthalene in Liquid Solutions of n-Hexane
Authors: Nyaupane Parashu R. , Diaz Marlon , Barton Ann , Manzanares Carlos E.
Published: February 2018

The thermal lens technique is applied to vibrational overtone spectroscopy of solutions of naphthalene (C10H8) in liquid hexane. The C–H fifth vibrational (Δν = 6) overtone spectrum of C10H8 is detected at room temperature for mole fractions from 0.08 to 19 × 10−6 using n-C6H14 as solvent. By detecting the absorption band in a 19 ppm (parts per million) solution, the peak absorption of the signal is approximately (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10−7 cm−1. A plot of normalized integrated intensity as a function of the mole fraction of naphthalene in solution reveals a dependence of the magnitude of the signal with the probe laser wavelength. If the wavelength of the probe laser is 568 nm, the thermal lens signal (TLS) is linear as a function of the mole fraction of the solution. When the wavelength of the probe laser is 488 nm, the TLS is nonlinear as a function of the concentration. Three different models of nonlinear absorption are discussed. A two-color absorption model that includes the simultaneous absorption of the pump and probe lasers could explain the enhanced magnitude and the nonlinear behavior of the TLS for solutions of mole fraction < 0.1%.
Reimaging Aesthetics: Sergius Bulgakov on Seeing the Wisdom of Creation
Authors: Morgan Brandon L.
Published: February 2018

In this essay I resource the philosophy and theology of Sergius Bulgokov, particularly his understanding of divine and human imaging, as a way of mapping human comportment towards the non-human material world in aesthetic terms. By comparing the development of his account of human action from his early Philosophy of Economy and his later dogmatic theology, I seek to render less disconcerting an ambiguity in Bulgakov’s work regarding human activity toward nature by contextualizing his early political philosophy within his later dogmatics. I argue that his later Trinitarian and Christological context more aptly suggests ways of viewing human action toward nature as aesthetic action animated by the perception of divinely created beauty. I then turn to Bulgakov’s views on iconographic art in order to show some theologically informed constraints and limits to aesthetic judgment and human creativity in the practice of iconographic writing that accord with Bulgakov’s broader theological anthropology.
Role of exterior statistics-based boundary conditions for property-based statistically equivalent representative volume elements of polydispersed elastic composites
Authors: Kubair Dhirendra V , Pinz Maxwell , Kollins Kaitlin , Przybyla Craig , Ghosh Somnath
Published: February 2018

The property-based statistically equivalent RVE or P-SERVE has been introduced in the literature as the smallest microstructural volume element in non-uniform microstructures that has effective material properties equivalent to those of the entire microstructure. An important consideration is the application of appropriate boundary conditions for optimal property-based statistically equivalent representative volume element domains. The exterior statistics-based boundary conditions have been developed, accounting for the statistics of fiber distributions and interactions in the domain exterior to the property-based statistically equivalent representative volume element. This paper is intended to validate the efficacy of the exterior statistics-based boundary condition-based property-based statistically equivalent representative volume elements for evaluating homogenized stiffnesses of a unidirectional polymer matrix composite with a polydispersed microstructure characterized by nonuniform dispersion of carbon fibers of varying sizes in an epoxy matrix. Experimental tests and microstructural characterization of the polymer matrix composite are conducted for calibration and validation of the model. Statistically equivalent microstructural volume elements are constructed from experimental micrographs for direct numerical simulations. The performance of the property-based statistically equivalent representative volume element with exterior statistics-based boundary conditions is compared with other boundary conditions, as well as with the statistical volume elements. The tests clearly show the significant advantages of the exterior statistics-based boundary conditions in terms of accuracy of the homogenized stiffness and efficiency.
Translating Intervention Research for Students With Mild Disabilities to Practice: A Systematic Journal Analysis
Authors: Hott Brittany L. , Berkeley Sheri L. , Raymond Lesli P. , Reid Campbell C.
Published: February 2018

Gains have been made over the last two decades in how to identify evidence-based practices for students with disabilities, but less progress has been made in ensuring that these interventions are used by classroom teachers. Although it is not the only area that needs to be addressed to bridge this research-to-practice gap, providing high-quality information about effective interventions in a format that is easy for teachers to understand is an important piece of a much larger implementation science puzzle. The current study analyzed a wide range of prominent special education practitioner journals to develop a comprehensive picture of the extent to which research is translated to practice for teachers who work with students with mild disabilities (learning disabilities, emotional/behavioral disorders, autism-Level 1 [A-L1]). Results from the analysis of 3,245 articles showed that across journals, fewer than 30% of articles translated intervention research findings to practice, with over half targeting academics.
Factor Structure of the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory for Thai Students Learning Japanese
Authors: Fujiwara Takayoshi
Published: February 2018

The theoretical five-factor model for the 35-item Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) has rarely been examined empirically, despite its wide use to investigate language learning beliefs. This study examined the BALLI’s dimensional structure with a sample of undergraduate students at a Thai university ( N = 537; male 43.4%, female 56.4%; age mean = 19.12 years), taking an elementary-level Japanese language course. Confirmatory factor analysis by M plus did not support Horwitz’s theoretical model. While a five-factor model was identified from exploratory factor analysis, the combined items within each dimension were different from Horwitz’s model. Thus, the original five-factor BALLI model was only partially supported. We were able to affirm the core aspects of language learning beliefs composed of eight BALLI items, and we offer a roadmap to develop the model.
The Catholic Tradition on the Due Use of Medical Remedies: The Charlie Gard Case
Authors: Paris John J. , Moreland Michael P. , Cummings Brian M.
Published: February 2018

The widely publicized British case of Charlie Gard became an international cause célèbre when the treating physicians petitioned the British courts to prevent the parents from taking their dying child to America where a physician held out promise of an unproven experimental therapy. The case became more sensationalized when the press reported that Pope Francis had intervened in the case against the position of the Vatican’s Academy for Life on the appropriate response to a patient with a lethal genetic disorder for which there was no known treatment. A review of the centuries-long teaching of Catholic moral theology on care of the dying demonstrates that the pastoral concern of Pope Francis for the grieving parents did not signal a change in church teaching on the care of the dying patient or reveal a disagreement between Pope Francis and the Academy for Life’s position on the appropriate care of Charlie Gard.
Prophetic Pragmatism and Descending to Matters of Detail
Authors: Keenan James F.
Published: February 2018

This article names the three most urgent issues today in ethics: first, climate crisis and its impact on the poor and marginalized; second, the tragic banality of contemporary political leadership; and third, racism and antiblackness. Examining this last injustice reveals our failure in moral agency, for the first two crises derive from the incapacity of the American conscience, which has never acknowledged how racist and privileged our conscience has become. While arguing for conversion, the article also offers ways for imagining a more responsible expression of moral agency to rectify each present moral failure.
Still ‘the human thing’? Technology, human agency and the future of war
Authors: Coker Christopher
Published: February 2018

Is war beginning to escape human control? Thucydides tells us the war is one of the things that makes us definitively human; but how long will this continue to be the case as our relationship with technology continues to develop? Kenneth Waltz’s book Man, the State and War affords one way of answering that question. So too does Nikolaas Tinbergen’s framework for understanding human behaviour and Bruno Latour’s Actor–Network Theory (ANT). The main focus of this article is the extent to which we will diminish or enhance our own agency as human beings, especially when we come to share the planet with an intelligence higher than our own.
Shame and Psychosocial Development in Religiously Affiliated Sexual Minority Women
Authors: Hallman Janelle M. , Yarhouse Mark A. , Suárez Elisabeth C.
Published: February 2018

Shame and psychosocial developmental difficulties are issues of concern for many sexual minority women most likely due to the negative impact of heterosexism, internalized homophobia, sexual stigma, religious affiliation, and sexual minority stress. This study hypothesizes that religiously affiliated sexual minority women, when compared to non-sexual minority women, would show significantly higher levels of shame and lower levels of psychosocial development. This sample’s shame and psychosocial resolution scores all fell within the spectrum of normative levels for non-clinical samples of women. Significant differences between sexual status groups were found on shame and total negative psychosocial resolution, but effect size was small. It was also hypothesized that stages of psychosocial development, sexual status, and history of counseling would predict trait shame in religiously affiliated women. Psychosocial development was the sole significant and strong predictor, suggesting that the strong relationship between psychosocial development and shame is present regardless of a female’s sexual identity. For sexual minority women, identity/identity confusion, trust/mistrust, and autonomy/shame and doubt, accounted for 64% of shame variance. This sample was heavily weighted with women who reported same-sex attraction or same-sex behavior but who dis-identified as a sexual minority.
Genetic mechanisms and distribution characteristics of overpressures in the Paleogene reservoirs of the Bohai Bay Basin, East China
Authors: Xu Fanghao , Liang Jiaju , Xu Guosheng , Yuan Haifeng , Liu Yong
Published: February 2018

The Bohai Bay region is a primary accumulation area of oil and gas in offshore China, in which overpressure commonly occurs in the Paleogene strata; the analysis on distribution characteristics and genetic mechanisms of the overpressure would provide geologic evidences for making plans of well drilling and logging as well as oil and gas exploitation; additionally, it could lay the geological foundation for studying how overpressure controlled hydrocarbon accumulation. Based on research, the overpressure of the study area starts from the second member of the Dongying Formation and ends in the third member of the Shahejie Formation. The distribution of overpressure is mainly controlled by the sag–salient tectonic framework within the basin, which means overpressure mainly develops in sags or slopes; however, high areas stay normal pressured. In the study area, pressure develops around Bozhong Sag and in northern Liaodong Bay reaches the peak. The genetic mechanisms of overpressures in the Paleogene reservoirs are mainly disequilibrium compaction, hydrocarbon generation of the organic matter, fluid charging, and transmission or the superimposition of the former two. Different strata have different genetic mechanisms of overpressure. The chief genetic mechanisms for the generation of overpressure of the Dongying Formation are disequilibrium compaction while the genesis of the formation of overpressure in the Shahejie Formation is more complicated in some extent. The first member of the Shahejie Formation dominated by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation of the organic matter plays a supplemental role, while the second member of the Shahejie Formation, as the primary reservoir strata, is dominated by fluid charging and transmission, and the third member of the Shahejie Formation is the main source rock interval; its overpressure is closely related to hydrocarbon generation. Each contribution ratio for overpressure forming by different genetic mechanisms has been judged and figured out quantitatively according to geological, geophysical, and geochemical characteristics of the target strata.
The Never-Ending Story: Discursive Legitimation in Social Media Dialogue
Authors: Glozer Sarah , Caruana Robert , Hibbert Sally A
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the dialogical dimensions of discursive legitimation in social media sites to understand how organisations produce knowledge of legitimacy in concert with their stakeholders. Drawing on the dialogical theories of Bakhtin and Nikulin, we consider the potential for conceptualising discursive legitimation as a product of dissent: an ongoing ‘allosensual’ dialogue comprising different voices and competing knowledge claims. We explore this through a micro-level analysis of organisation-led social media sites, wherein organisational practices are increasingly subjected to public scrutiny and where knowledge of legitimacy can be significantly shaped. Our dialogical lens highlights three interrelated functions of discursive legitimation. Discursive authorisation represents attempts to assume a credible ‘voice’ in-relation-to ‘other’ voices, within the dialogue. Discursive validation represents attempts to subject truth claims about legitimacy to rational, normative and moral verification. Finally, discursive finalisation represents attempts to harmonise dissent, by either co-opting or antagonising stakeholders towards consensus. Primarily, this paper unpacks the role of social media in legitimation processes, while also elaborating on organisational attempts to control stakeholder dialogue in online contexts.
T-cell Immunotherapies and the Role of Nonclinical Assessment: The Balance between Efficacy and Pathology
Authors: Sharpe Michaela E.
Published: February 2018

Gene-engineered T-cell therapies have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. These therapies have shown exceptional clinical efficacy specifically in the field of B-cell malignancies and the first products (Kymriah™ and Yescarta™) have recently been approved in the United States for specific indications. The power of these treatments is also linked with a distinct set of toxicities both predicted and unpredicted, including off-tumor activity, cytokine release syndromes, and neurotoxicity, occasionally with fatal consequences. As these therapies begin to reach more patients, it is critical to develop the nonclinical tools to adequately determine the mechanisms driving these toxicities, to assess the safety risks of candidate products, and to develop strategies for safety management.
Making kinship with human remains: Repatriation, biomedicine and the many relations of Charles Byrne
Authors: Nash Catherine
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the ways in which genealogical, ancestral and wider forms of relatedness are produced through human remains. It does so through focusing on the case of the controversial display of the remains of Charles Byrne (1761–83), commonly known as ‘The Irish Giant’ in the Hunterian Museum in London. These remains have been mobilised in the making of ideas of national, regional and local belonging for the remains themselves and differently imagined geographies of relatedness and collective identity. They have also been subject to biomedical research that has involved producing ideas of genetic relatedness that have been used in debates over the most appropriate place for the remains. The making of kinship to and through human remains can involve a range of social actors and institutions with distinct and overlapping interests and intentions, personal, collective, clinical, historical, scientific, the entanglement of discourses of memory, local history, biomedicine and genomics, and national, regional, local and also diasporic geographies of collective identity and experience. Ideas of kinship and shared ancestry continue to be potent models of relatedness and belonging at different scales.
Dual-task training effects on motor and cognitive functional abilities in individuals with stroke: a systematic review
Authors: He Ying , Yang Lei , Zhou Jing , Yao Liqing , Pang Marco Yiu Chung
Published: February 2018

Objective:

This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of dual-task balance and mobility training in people with stroke.

Methods:

An extensive electronic databases literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Wiley Online Library. Randomized controlled studies that assessed the effects of dual-task training in stroke patients were included for the review (last search in December 2017). The methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration recommendation, and level of evidence was determined according to the criteria described by the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine.

Results:

About 13 articles involving 457 participants were included in this systematic review. All had substantial risk of bias and thus provided level IIb evidence only. Dual-task mobility training was found to induce more improvement in single-task walking function (standardized effect size = 0.14–2.24), when compared with single-task mobility training. Its effect on dual-task walking function was not consistent. Cognitive-motor balance training was effective in improving single-task balance function (standardized effect size = 0.27–1.82), but its effect on dual-task balance ability was not studied. The beneficial effect of dual-task training on cognitive function was provided by one study only and thus inconclusive.

Conclusion:

There is some evidence that dual-task training can improve single-task walking and balance function in individuals with stroke. However, any firm recommendation cannot be made due to the weak methodology of the studies reviewed.
Importance of student feedback in improving mechanical engineering courses
Authors: Mandal Nirmal Kumar
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to review and analyse the importance of responding to feedback from students attending my courses on their learning outcomes and their satisfaction with various elements of my courses: one traditional course titled Solid Mechanics and Computational Analysis and a learner-centred course titled Fluid and Electrical Drive Systems. Central Queensland University utilises online evaluations for each course in each term of the year through a student experience survey. With careful consideration and evaluation of these data using a new student feedback evaluation framework developed by the author, some appropriate teaching interventions are developed and implemented during each term. The research question is to analyse the effectiveness of this framework by collecting the same data through subsequent student experience surveys. The student experience survey data for my courses showed that student satisfaction was increasing gradually for best managed courses, indicating that proactive implementation of appropriate responses to student feedback on their learning journey is effective in improving both student satisfaction and learning.
An occupational perspective in hand therapy: A scoping review
Authors: Burley Samantha , Di Tommaso Amelia , Cox Ruth , Molineux Matthew
Published: February 2018

Introduction

There have been calls for the occupational therapy profession to realign with its values around occupation. However, the profession faces challenges in practice areas that have historically been underpinned by a biomechanical approach, such as hand therapy. The aim of this scoping review was to describe what is known about an occupational perspective in the hand therapy literature.

Method

This scoping review utilised a recognised five-step approach. A search was conducted in four databases for papers published between 2005 and 2016. Numerical and thematic analyses were employed, using the Canadian Practice Process Framework as a theoretical framework.

Results

Fifty papers were included in the scoping review. Six themes were identified: the centrality of occupation; inconsistencies in terminology; where in the occupational therapy process?; informal discussion as a key occupational strategy; occupational therapists’ expectations of patients; and a bottom-up approach focusing on biomechanical strategies to implementing the plan.

Conclusion

Whilst there has been some integration of an occupational perspective into hand therapy literature, there are still challenges. Inconsistent terminology, the lack of an occupational perspective throughout the occupational therapy process and a bottom-up approach to interventions all demonstrate the continuing tensions between the biomechanical approach and an occupational perspective.