bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventarisasi Senyawa Antiinflamasi Pada Tumbuhan Buasbuas (Premna Pubescens Blume) Dengan Metode Gas Chromatography-Mass Spektrometri
Authors: Nasution Risna Lenita , Diningrat Diky Setya
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan jenis senyawa antiinflamasi pada daun  muda, daun tua, buah dan tangkai daun tanaman buasbuas (Premna pubescens Blume) dengan metode Gas Cromatografy Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Masing-masing sampel diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan perendaman etanol 96% di dryer untuk mendapatkan ekstrak etanol berbentuk pasta. Pasta di analisis menggunakan (GC-MS). Data hasil GC-MS dianalisis menggunkan software Pubchem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa antiinflamasi terbanyak pada daun tua dengan 11 jenis senyawa bioaktif diantaranya senyawa 2-oxopentanedioic acid, (methyltrisulfanyl)methane, (5S)-5-benzyl-1-[4-[(2R)-5,6-dioxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperazin-2-yl]butyl]-4-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine-2,3-dione, 9-methoxy-3,6-dimethyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-azepino[4,5-b]indol-6-ium;chloride, (1S)-2-ethyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrole-3,9-dione, ethyl 2-(2-oxocyclohexyl)acetate. Pada daun muda hanya ada 1 jenis senyawa bioaktif yaitu senyawa 1-cyano-2-methylguanidine. Pada buah sebanyak 4 jenis senyawa bioaktif diantaranya senyawa 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-[6-[2-(Dimethylamino)Ethoxy]-4,7-Dimethoxy-1-Benzofuran-5-Yl]Propan-1-Ol, N,N-Dimethyl-4-[2-(3-Methylphenyl)Ethenyl]Aniline. Pada tangkai daun sebanyak 4 jenis senyawa bioaktif diantaranya senyawa (5S)-5-benzyl-1-[4-[(2R)-5,6-dioxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperazin-2-yl]butyl]-4-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine-2,3-dione,N-[chloro(dimethylamino)phosphoryl]-N-methylmethanamine, 2-triethoxysilylbutanenitrile. Senyawa antiinflamasi tertinggi terdapat di daun tua dan terendah di daun muda.
Bioprospeksi Ekstrak Etanol Gagang Cengkeh (Syzogium aromatica) Sebagai Biolarvasida Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ayal Yonri , Nindatu Maria , Ukratalo Abdul Mahid
Published: August 2024

Vektor penyebab penyakit DBD adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang dapat ditemukan hampir di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia karena nyamuk ini sangat mudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Cengkeh (Syzogium aromatica) merupakan tanaman rempah asli Kepulauan Maluku. Masyarakat Maluku sering menggunakan gagang cengkeh dalam upaya mengusir nyamuk. Penggunaan gagang cengkeh dalam mengusir nyamuk umumnya dengan cara dibakar. Asap hasil pembakaran gagang cengkeh tersebut efektif dalam membasmi nyamuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan ekstraketanol gagang cengkeh (Syzogium aromatica) dapat membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian menggunakan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Tiga ratus larva nyamuk instar III dimasukan pada tiap kelompok perlakuan. Tiap wadah diisi 20 larva. Pengamatan aktivitas larvasida dilakukan setiap 4 jam sekali selama 24 jam. Data hasil pengamaan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol gagang cengkeh dapat membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti.Nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol gagang cengkeh sebesar 2,386 dengan batas bawah 0,319 dan batas atas 3,836.
Realizing a Waste-Free Dream Entering the Era of Society 5.0 Towards a Smart City in Manado City
Authors: Ai Nio Song , Lumban Raja Grace Ega Yulianti , Marfuah Siti , Tumoka Karina Preyse
Published: August 2024

Waste management in Manado City is still ineffective because it does not use environmentally and friendly waste management methods and techniques that can disrupt health and disrupt environmental sustainability. This scientific work aims to provide solutions in handling waste problems in the city of Manado in fulfilling the dream of zero waste entering the era of Society 5.0 towards a Smart City which is in accordance with the goals of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's). The promising idea for the waste problem in the city of Manado is converting organic and inorganic waste into renewable energy in a small scale which can be developed further into a larger scale (industry).This idea can support Manado City in bringing to a reality of a smart city because the inhibitants are equipped with education (knowledge) and technology. Futuristic waste management with a combination of technology and education in Manado City towards a smart city is one of the effective innovations to process waste with simple technology that utilizes both organic and inorganic waste. This combination will be able to result in renewable energy in the form of biofuels using pyrolisis techniques. Pyrolysis is a plastic-waste-processing technique by heating plastic until the temperature reaches Â± 400 ËšC without oxygen and then producing a liquid oil which can be used as fuel.
Antiviral Compounds Analysis in Ethanol and Methanol Extracts of Jamblang Fruit (Syzygium cumini) Using the GCMS Method
Authors: Purba Febi Anjaini , Diningrat Diky Setya , Sari Ayu Nirmala , Harahap Novita Sari , - Kusdianti
Published: August 2024

Jamblang fruit (Syzygium cumini) is a plat that has been scientifically researched to have medicinal properties.This study aims to determine the content of bioactive compounds contained in the petiole by Gas Chromathography Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS) method. The study used gas chromatographic tools and mass spectra which were evaluated using MASSLAB program. The data obtained from the  GCMS machine is then analyzed using the NCBI database pubchem software (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The result showed that there were 61 phytochemical compounds in jamblang root ethanol extracts and 33 compounds in jambang fruit methanol extracts. Then 4 of them being the same compound, located in each of the extract. Of the total bioactive compounds, there are 5 phytochemical compounds that are useful as antiviral with details, 2 from the extract ethanol of jamblang and 2 from the extract methanol of jamblang. The results of this study can be used as the foundation in the development program of the potential utilization of bioassemblance of jamblang plants. In further research it is necessary to analyze the other parts of the plant and make comparisons to complete the available database.
Antiviral Potential Analysis of Jamblang Seed Essential Oil (Syzygium cumini) Using GCMS
Authors: - Winarsih , Diningrat Diky Setya , Sari Ayu Nirmala , Harahap Novita Sari , - Kusdianti
Published: August 2024

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) essential oil is another form of extraction to explore its potential medicinal properties. This study aims to determine the content of bioactive compounds contained in seed essential oil using the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectophotometer (GCMS) approach. Jamblang seed essential oil is produced through a steam distillation process. The results of the GCMS analysis were evaluated using the MASSLAB program. The data obtained from the GCMS tool was then further analyzed using the PubChem NCBI database software (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)  and PASS online. The results of this study indicate that there are 61 phytochemical compounds in jamblang seed essential oil. Of the total bioactive compounds, there are 2 phytochemical compounds that are useful as antivirals, while those that have similarities above 80% are 10 compounds. The results of this study can be used as a basis for a program to develop the potential use of bioactive compounds in jamblang seed essential oil as an antiviral. In future research, it is necessary to analyze other plant parts and make comparisons to complete the existing database.
Performa Reproduksi Induk Kambing di Kecamatan Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Dolewikou Risart Lewan , Siwa Izak P. , Gairtua Barnabas
Published: August 2024

Potensi ternak kambing di Kecamatan Moa perlu di tingkatkan dan dikembangkan dengan memperhatikan aspek reproduksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa reproduksi induk kambing di Kecamatan Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Sampel Desa ditentukan secara puprposiv sampling dan Desa/Dusun yang dipilih adalah Dusun Upunyor Desa Werwaru, Dusun Nyama Desa Klis dan Desa Tounwawan. Penentuan jumlah responden penelitian pada tiga lokasi desa sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling sehingga di peroleh sampel pada setiap Desa sebanyak 10 responden. Dengan demikian total keseluruhan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 responden. Variabel yang diamati adalah struktur populasi dan potensi reproduksi meliputi umur kawin pertama, angka kebuntingan, tipe kelahiran, liter size, nisba kelamin, selang beranak, kawin pasca partus dan mortalitas pra sapi. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis statistic deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang di peroleh adalah umur kawin pertama sebesar 9,4 ± 0,67 bulan, Angka kebuntingan 76,98%, besar litter 1,47 bulan, tipe kelahiran kembar dua 43%, Nisba kelamin jantan dan betina lebih tinggi adalah anak betina 58,1%, kawin pasca partus 4,6 ± 0,72 bulan, selang beranak 9,2 ± 0,55 bulan, dan mortalitas pra sapih 5,2%.
Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Program Inseminasi Buatan Pada Peternak Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Waelata Kabupaten Buru
Authors: Kewilaa Arnold Ismael , Umarella Melati Inda Sari
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Keberhasilan Pelaksanaan Program Inseminasi Buatan Pada Peternak Sapi Potong Di Kecamatan Waelata Kabupaten Buru. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 3 desa yaitu Desa Parbulu, Desa Waetina, Desa Waelo di  Kecamatan Waelata, Kabupaten Buru selama 1 bulan pada bulan Juni 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei  Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain: kuisioner, alat tulis menulis, kamera. Objek penelitian ini adalah peternak sapi potong dan ternak sapi yang diinseminasi. Teknik penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik Purposive Sampling yang didasarkan atas populasi ternak sapi terbanyak. Penentuan responden yang dilakukan dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Jumlah responden yang digunakann sebanyak 30 responden, sehingga diambil 10 responden pada masing-masing desa. Variabel yang diamati adalah keberhasilan inseminasi buatan dapat diukur dengan 3 faktor yaitu service per conception (S/C), calving interval (CI) atau jarak beranak, dan conception rate (CR). Analisa data didahului dengan proses tabulasi data kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik deskriptif dengan menghitung rata-rata dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan program Inseminasi Buatan (IB) pada induk sapi potong di Kecamatan Waelata dapat terlihat dari angka service per conception (S/C) sebesar 1,46; angka Calvin Interval (CI) adalah  12,37 bulan; dan nilai Conception Rate (CR) adalah sebesar 87,5%. Sebesar 43,33% (13 responden) menerapkan program Inseminasi Buatan dengan alasan untuk mendapatkan keturunan dengan sifat yang unggul.
Identifikasi, Prevalensi, Dan Intensitas Endoparasit Pada Kerbau Moa Di Desa Tounwawan, Kecamatan Moa, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya
Authors: Tetrapoik Jenromp Ana Putri Moto , Kaihena Martha , Nindatu Maria , Sairudy Albertus , Ratulewen Desi Ellida
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis endoparasit pada kerbau Moa di Desa Tounwawan, Kecamatan Moa, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Sampel feses yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor kerbau Moa yang ada di Desa Tounwawan, Kecamatan Moa, Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya dan diperiksa di Laboratorium SMK Negeri 6, Maluku Barat Daya, identifikasi endoparasit dilakukan dengan metode natif. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, dari 15 sampel yang diperiksa, 4 sampel (26,67 %) positif terinfeksi endoparasit. Sebanyak 1 sampel (6,67%) terinfeksi Trichinellidae, 1 sampel (6,67%) terinfeksi Taenidae, 1 sampel terinfeksi Ancylostomatoidea, 1 sampel (6,67%) terinfeksi Trichuridae. Derajat infeksi endoparasit pada kerbau Moa di Desa Tounwawan Kecamatan Moa Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya termasuk dalam kategori infeksi jarang. Data tingkat intensitas, pada penelitian ini tersaji sebagai berikut: Trichinellidae 0,4, Taenidae 0,6, Ancylostomatoidea 1,4 dan Trichuridae adalah 0,2. Tingkat Infeksi endoparasit pada kerbau Moa di Desa Tounwawan Kecamatan Moa, kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya termasuk dalam kategori rendah.
Act of Grace Payments and the Constitution
Authors: Roos Oscar , Ng Yee-Fui
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on a hitherto underexplored but increasingly important area of public expenditure: act of grace payments. Act of grace payments are voluntary, highly discretionary gifts of money made by the executive in the absence of any legal duty to do so. The expenditure on such payments in Australia has been significant, and a lack of transparency creates serious risks to integrity. Further, the cases of Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, Williams v Commonwealth and Williams v Commonwealth [No 2] have transformed the constitutional framework for public expenditure. Accordingly, this article conducts a fine-grained analysis of the constitutional legality of act of grace payments at the Commonwealth, state and territory levels. The authors argue that there are significant constitutional issues with act of grace payments at the Commonwealth level, and that many state-based act of grace payments are likely to be illegal. To address these issues, and to reduce the risk that payments will be made illegally, the authors recommend several legislative and soft law changes.
Other Things Said
Authors: Lee Constance
Published: August 2024

The common view in legal education and practice has been that obiter dicta or ‘the things said in passing’ are not part of the corpus of legal reasoning that is binding, which then begs the question, ‘If so, what is their value?’ This review essay offers a detailed overview of Neil Duxbury’s The Intricacies of Dicta and Dissent, highlighting the significance of Duxbury’s contribution to the literature on this important subject. Against a backdrop of few book-length treatments of these commonly deemed ‘subsidiary’ forms of legal reasoning, Duxbury offers a comprehensive historical account of dicta and dissent in adjudication, and of their varied impacts on legal development. Though falling short of advancing a normative account, Duxbury’s book nevertheless provides a nuanced and balanced description of the natures of dicta and dissent, engaging with the complexities of judicial reasoning beyond a conventional black-and-white approach. In so doing, this book sets the groundwork for any normative analysis of the role dicta and dissent can play in shaping common law principles. It is anticipated that this book will remain an invaluable contribution to the field of judicial interpretation, especially as a necessary, vital resource upon which future scholarship may build.
Eduwisata sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar (Studi Kasus Eksploitasi Kompleks Kabupaten Lama di Boyolali)
Authors: Cahyawati Rina Susi , Najichah Amalia Fajriyyatin , Kustriyono Erwan
Published: August 2024

Keterampilan berbahasa penting untuk dimiliki oleh peserta didik. Oleh karena itu, membangun suasana belajar yang atraktif dapat dilakukan agar peserta didik lebih termotivasi dan bersemangat dalam belajar. Salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, yakni dengan mengalihkan ruang belajar ke lokasi yang berpotensi menjadi sarana belajar dengan konsep eduwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi Taman Pandan Arum Boyolali sebagai kawasan eduwisata yang dapat dijadikan alternatif pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SD sekaligus memberikan deskripsi rancangan pola pembelajaran sederhana yang relevan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompleks Taman Pandan Arum Boyolali berpotensi untuk menjadi ruang edukasi terbuka pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia karena didukung oleh elemen-elemen yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sarana belajar bahasa seperti tersedianya rumah arca, aneka unggas, kandang rusa, kolam ikan, mural, dan play groud sebagai alternatif pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan rancangan kegiatan yang variatif. Pola pembelajaran dapat dilakukan secara terpadu dengan dua kategori yaitu tugas sederhana untuk meningkatkan perbendaharaan kosakata dan tugas yang lebih kompleks dengan menulis cerita aktivitas di Taman Pandan Arum. Desain pembelajaran berkonsep eduwisata ini dapat mengaktifkan kembali aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik peserta didik karena dapat belajar, bermain, dan bersosialisasi dalam satu waktu yang sama.
Tafsir Esoteris Ayat Haji: Memaknai Haji yang Tertunda Pasca Pandemi
Authors:   Institut Agama Islama Negeri Kudus, Shofaussamawati  , Khusniyah Aziizatul ,   Institut Agama Islama Negeri Kudus, Muntasyiroh Yasmin ,   Institut Agama Islama Negeri Kudus
Published: August 2024

Salah satu imbas pandemi covid adalah penundaan pelaksanaan ibadah haji yang biasanya dilaksanakan setiap tahun pada musim haji yaitu di Bulan Dzulhijjah. Kekecewaan muncul daripara pendaftar yang gagal dalam menunaikan ibadah haji. Tujuan artikel ini untuk menelisik makna esoteris ayat haji sebagai tawaran alternatif bagi calon jamaah haji yang tertunda. Metodeyangdigunakan dengan mengidentifikasi ayat tentang perintah haji,menentukan ayat-ayat dan bagaimana pemaknaannya secara esoteris. Melalui tafsir secara esoteris diperoleh makna Ka’bah ataubaitullahsebagai tempat kunjungan ibadah haji tidak sekadar dimaknai secara lahir, tetapi juga dimaknai secara esoterisyaitu sebagai hati manusia. Secara lahiriah Ka’bah memang berada di dalam Masjidil Haram kota Makkah,akan tetapi Ka’bah batiniah dapat hadirpada setiap hati manusia.Berhaji merupakan perjalananfisik-spiritual menuju Allah swt., maka penundaan keberangkatan dapat digunakan sebagai persiapan fisik dan batin (dengan menghadirkan baitullah dan pemilikNya di dalam hati), agar perjalanan fisik-spiritual menuju Allah akan lebih sempurna
The Meaning of Symbolic in Bodho Apem Tradition as Social Solidarity Media On Jepara Indonesia
Authors:   IAIN Kudus, Asyadily Muhamad Hasan , Jannah Siti Nor ,   IAIN Kudus
Published: August 2024

The bodho apemtradition is a cultural tradition that is still practiced in Jepara Indonesia, this tradition is held every Friday Pon in the month of Shawwal. The people of Jepara still preserve and maintain the bodho apem as a legacy from their ancestors which has a symbolic meaning as well as a manifestation of their supernatural expression, both with God, their ancestors, and with their lives as members of the community. Tradition bodho apem which has a symbolic meaning contained in the offerings and procedures of thebodho apemwhich contains good advice, values, but only a few of the people of Jepara are aware of it. This article uses a qualitative descriptive approach and the types of research used in this research are field research and the theory of symbolic interactionism from George Herbert Mead and the theory of social solidarity from Emile Durkheim.From the results of this study, it was found that the implementation of the bodho apemis a legacy of the ancestors to commemorate the story of the prophet Noah AS who was ordered by Allah to build a ship. Before carrying out the bodho apem tradition,perform a slametan by bringing apem, juroh, and offerings to be prayed for, and distributed back to the community. This activity from thebodho apem is a form of community effort in increasing the relationship between residents, as an expression of gratitude to Allah and also an apology. Tradition bodho apem has a symbolic meaning as a medium of social solidarity, namely:prioritizing common interests, cooperation, friendshipor cohesiveness, togetherness in the slametan, strengthening the relationship between neighbors by bringing apem cake as a symbol of apology as well as hope in order to maintain harmony, cohesiveness, patience, unity, and a unanimous determination like the apem they share.
Solidaritas Sosial Masyarakat Beriman di Desa Penambuhan Kabupaten Pati Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors:   IAIN Kudus Jawa Tengah, Prastika Jasmiatun Lynnda , Farihah Irzum ,   IAIN Kudus Jawa Tengah, Maknun Moch. Lukluil ,   Peneliti Balai Litbang Agama Semarang, INDONESIA
Published: August 2024

Fenomena semasa pandemik COVID-19 yang dialami oleh masyarakat memberi kesan kepada kehidupan khususnya keadaan sosial yang menghadapi perubahan. Fenomena ini ditemui dalam masyarakat setia Kampung Penambuhan Margorejo Pati semasa pandemik COVID-19, yang mengalami perpaduan sosial yang berkurangan. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menerangkan dan mengetahui tentang solidariti sosial yang berlaku di Kampung Penambuh semasa tempoh COVID-19. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif, di mana penyelidik melakukan temu bual dengan pihak yang berkenaan, seperti orang yang terdedah kepada COVID-19, orang yang tidak terdedah, keluarga pesakit COVID-19, dan tokoh masyarakat di Desa Penambuh. Hasil penyelidikan memberi tumpuan kepada dua perkara penting. Pertama, pandangan umat beriman mengenai solidariti sosial di Desa Penambuh pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Terdapat kekurangan solidariti sosial dalam komuniti kepercayaan, di mana orang yang terdedah kepada COVID-19 dijauhi malah dipulaukan oleh jiran mereka. Sebagai masyarakat yang beriman, kita seharusnya saling membantu sebagai satu bentuk keimanan. Kedua, punca utama timbulnya masalah solidariti sosial umat beriman di Desa Penambuhan pada masa pandemik COVID-19 adalah wujudnya stigma negatif masyarakat mengenai virus jenis COVID-19 yang sangat berbahaya dan boleh menyebabkan kematian. Selain itu, orang yang tidak terdedah kepada COVID-19 menjauhkan diri daripada orang yang terdedah kerana mereka mempunyai kebimbangan yang berlebihan dan sangat takut dijangkiti.
Analysis Implementation of Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution in Non-Litigation Through BASYARNAS (Indonesian National Syariah Arbitration)
Authors:   Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Kamaluddin Imam ,   Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ghozali Mohammad ,   Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Marpuah Siti ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Normawati Syarifah ,   Institut Agama Islam Ar-Risalah
Published: August 2024

This article reviews non-litigation dispute resolution by arbitration through BASYARNAS. Researchers conducted field research with qualitative methods and empirical approaches. The data used are primary data and secondary data. After all the data is collected, then the data is reduced and submitted by drawing conclusions and verification andprocessing it in an inductive way. Qualitative research methods are used to analyze the object under study. Then conclusions are drawn with a descriptive description.Based on the results of the research conducted, the settlement of sharia economic disputes through BASYARNAS is still of minimal interest because of the executorial power factor, absolute authority factor and the existence factor, the majority of BASYARNAS is only in the capital, and even then in some provinces in Indonesia. BASYARNAS has advantages in terms of written law, but in the implementation of justice it is necessary to improve the quality of judges, their presence which is easily accessible by each district, and the culture of the community that runs. So,it can be concluded that BASYARNAS has not been effective in resolving sharia economic disputes for the reasons that have been stated
Makanan Sehat dan Bergizi Pespektif al-Qur’an dan Sains
Authors:   IAIN Bone Watampone, Lutfiah Winona , Prastyo Tri Budi ,   UIN K.H Ahmad Siddiq Jember, Sangaji Ruslan ,   IAIN Bone Watampone
Published: August 2024

Penyelidikan ini membincangkan makanan sihat dan berkhasiat dalam al-Quran. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dalam bentuk kajian literatur manakala teknik analisis data kutipan, mereduksi data agar tidak berlaku pertindihan data, klasifikasi data, identifikasi data dengan menyemak semula, dan menggunakan benar-benar valid dan relevan. data. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa makanan sihat dan berkhasiat yang terangkum dalam empat sihat dan lima sempurna telah diterangkan dalam al-Quran dan diperolehi sekiranya tafsiranmenggunakan perspektif saintifik. Kajian ini menyarankan agar pengkaji akan datang membincangkan dengan lebih mendalam tentang makanan sihat dan berkhasiat di dalam al-Quran kerana kajian ini terhad kepada beberapa ayat sahaja dan belum lagi kompleks.
Jizyah Sebuah Jaminan Dalam Peradaban Islam Sebagai Tinjauan Historis
Authors:   Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Ghozali Mohammad , Nugroho Wahyu ,   Universitas Darussalam Gontor, Marpuah Siti ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kholis Nur ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Syahrudin  ,   Institut Agama Islam Riyadlotul Mujahidin
Published: August 2024

Dalam khazanah peradaban Islam, umat Islam mengenal banyak instrumen pendapatan negara, salah satunya jizyah. Kajian ini bertujuan utk mengetahui tentang apakah jizyah, bagaimana perkembangan jizyah serta tujuan pembayaran jizyah. Kajian ini berbentuk pustaka iaitu tentang sejarah jizyah yang terdapat semasa zaman Rasulullah dan Khulafaur Rasyidin. Hasil kajian mendapatibahawaadalah yuran yang harus dikeluarkan oleh orang kafir yang menetap di Negera Islam untuk memperoleh perlindungan dan jaminan mereka berkehidupan di sana. jizyahbaru disyariatkan setelah perang Tabuk (8 H), iaitu ditahun ke 9 setelah hijrah.Tujuan pembayaran jizyah adalah sebagai jaminan keselamatan jiwa, harta milik, kebebasan menjalankan ibadah serta pengecualianbagimerekadari wajib militer.
“A difference in typical values”: autistic perspectives on autistic social communication
Authors: Sutherland Holly Elizabeth Anne , Fletcher-Watson Sue , Long Joseph , Crompton Catherine J
Published: August 2024

Autistic people socialise and communicate differently to non-autistic people. However, definitive accounts of what this social communicative style might look like, from an autistic perspective, have so far been limited. This qualitative research explored autistic people’s accounts of their own social communication behaviour and experiences of face-to-face interactions, to better understand the autistic social communicative style. Nine autistic adults (4 women, 1 nonbinary, 4 men; aged 23-70) took part in an online, forum-style focus group over the course of two weeks, participating in discussions about how they signalled (dis)interest and (un)enjoyment during conversations; what their natural social communication behaviours were; what talking to autistic people was like, compared to non-autistic people; and anything else they thought researchers should know. From this, five themes were developed: autistic experiences of self, attention, and environment; autistic expectations about how social interactions should work; conflicts between autistic and neurotypical-normative expectations; the constant effort of compensation and masking; and finding and creating shared understandings across neurotypes. Our findings highlight the complex interplay of autistic differences/difficulties with autistic people’s social environment, and emphasise the role that neurotypical-normative environments play in constructing autism as a social communication disability.
Religious Bias Benchmarks for ChatGPT
Authors: Prendergast Michael
Published: August 2024

The objectives of this study are to: 1) estimate the frequency of six types of biases in ChatGPT’s responses to religious belief-specific morality and ethics questions, 2) assess how those biases vary by religious belief and ChatGPT model version and 3) determine how model engineering techniques affect these biases. ChatGPT responses were collected from a set of 112 general morality and ethics questions, each individually tailored to five different belief systems: Zen Buddhism, Catholicism, Sunni Islam, Orthodox Judaism and secular humanism. The resulting questions were then posed ten times to various baseline and derivative ChatGPT version 3 and version 4 models with and without the application of prompt engineering. The final ChatGPT response dataset contained 45,920 query responses and over 11.4 million words of text. Analyses of this dataset showed that this dataset contained explicit biases, anthropomorphic biases, statement biases, framing biases and coverage biases, often in favor of Buddhism or secular humanism and/or against the Abrahamic religions. Three of the biases (explicit, coverage and framing bias) were mitigated by the more advanced GPT-4 models, but two biases (anthropomorphic, statement) were higher with GPT-4. Analysis of the sixth bias, information bias, was inconclusive, although a potential link was found between responses that contain unsafe speech and ChatGPT hallucinations and multi-lingual response errors. None of the model engineering approaches tested, persona assumption, N-shot engineering, model fine tuning or research assistants, was successful at eliminating all biases.
The Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA) at Work: Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behavior for the Environment
Authors: Guenthner Lukas , Kühner Clara , Masson Torsten , Fritsche Immo , Zacher Hannes
Published: August 2024

Global environmental crises require a swift green transformation of organizations, and increased employee green behavior (EGB) is a crucial avenue. EGB refers to a collective (the work organization), however it is so far largely unclear how social identity factors contribute to EGB. Based on the social identity model of pro-environmental action (SIMPEA), we propose that organizational identification, organizational environmental efficacy beliefs, and perceived organizational environmental norms motivate individuals to engage in organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE), above and beyond personal environmental attitudes. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a two-wave survey study (N = 1,484) with a 4-month time lag. Organizational identification, organizational environmental efficacy beliefs, and perceived organizational environmental norms at T1 were each positively correlated with co-worker directed and organization-directed OCBE at T2, although only the first two variables showed unique effects on OCBE facets. Additionally, as expected, the positive association between organizational environmental efficacy beliefs and coworker-directed OCBE was only present in those employees who were at least moderately identified with their organization. Overall, findings suggest that socially identified employees’ perception that their work organization is efficaciously pursuing the green transformation drives their individual contribution (EGB).
The German Social Cohesion Panel (SCP): Theoretical Background, Instruments, Survey Design, and Analytical Potential
Authors: Gerlitz Jean-Yves , Axenfeld Julian B. , Cornesse Carina , Groh-Samberg Olaf , Kroh Martin , Lengfeld Holger , Liebig Stefan , Minkus Lara , Reinecke Jost , Richter David , Teichler Nils , Traunmueller Richard , Zinn Sabine
Published: August 2024

The German Social Cohesion Panel (SCP) is a probability-based self-administered longitudinal study in a mixed-mode design (PAPI and CAWI) that is jointly carried out by the Research Institute Social Cohesion (RISC) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The aim of the study is to capture the diversity of social cohesion in Germany from multiple perspectives, particularly regarding the extent to which social cohesion changes over time. The annual surveys, which were implemented for the first time in 2021, are based on a representative sample drawn from German population registers. The SCP covers aspects of social inequality, social conflict and social cohesion; its first wave contains information of more than 17,000 individuals, while almost 8,000 persons participated in its third wave. This data brief provides information about the content and panel history of the first three waves of the SCP.
Análisis de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones y la Accesibilidad Web en los Sistemas de Clasificación Hotelera de España
Authors: Jaume-Mayol Jaime
Published: August 2024

La calidad en el sector del turismo proporciona beneficios para los clientes y las empresas. La calidad en la actividad turística está relacionada con la satisfacción del cliente, que se consigue cuando sus percepciones en relación con los productos o servicios adquiridos igualan o supera sus expectativas. La categoría del establecimiento es un indicativo y una referencia del tipo del producto y servicio que ofrece. La satisfacción debe ser posible para todos los turistas, independientemente de sus situaciones de discapacidad temporal o definitiva, y durante toda la experiencia turística: desde el momento de la reserva hasta la finalización de la estancia. El estudio que se presenta examina la integración de los indicadores de accesibilidad web en los sistemas de clasificación hotelera en España, con el objetivo de identificar criterios de evaluación relacionados con las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones y con la Accesibilidad Web. Con esta finalidad, se han analizado las normativas de las Comunidades Autónomas de España con un resultado que parece indicar que hace falta realizar un cambio en las normativas para mejorar la satisfacción de todos los clientes.
Intercomparison of satellite derived SST with logger data in the Caribbean – Implications for coral reef monitoring
Authors: Margaritis Georgios , Kent Elizabeth C. , Foster Gavin
Published: August 2024

Since the early 1980s measurements of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) derived from satellite-borne instruments have provided a wide range of global gridded products documenting changes in SST. However, there are many sources of uncertainty in these records and significant differences exist among them. One use of these products is identification of coral bleaching events, and the predictions of the impact of future warming on coral reefs. This relies on an understanding of how temperatures near reefs as recorded by SST products differ from the in-situ SST experienced by the corals. This difference is a combination of real spatio-temporal variations, differences in product resolution and errors in the products. This paper investigates the relationship between the local temperature measured in-situ by loggers at coral sites in the western tropical Atlantic and two high resolution satellite SST products. Using differences among ESA SST CCI v2.1 (ESA2), NOAA CoralTemp (CT) SST products and in-situ logger data from coral reefs, an assessment of the satellite products with focus on coral reef monitoring is carried out. Discrepancies between the two products can be large, especially in coastal areas and for the hottest and coldest months when there is a particular risk of bleaching. By comparison to the stable ESA2 product, CT was found to overestimate the rise in SST by as much as 0.20 °C per decade. In almost all cases SSTs from ESA2 were more consistent with temperatures measured near the corals than those from CT.
Bridging reading and attention through connectivity with the frontal-eye-fields
Authors: Kress Shaylyn , Neudorf Josh , Ekstrand Chelsea , Borowsky Ron
Published: August 2024

Attentional processes are crucial to successful reading, and theories of dyslexia propose that dysfunctional attention networks may contribute to the observed reading deficits. The goals of the study were to localize a region of the frontal-eye-field (FEF) involved in interactive reading × attention processing and examine its connectivity with regions in the reading and attention networks, given its known role in attentional processes and theorized role in reading. In Experiment 1, we revisited the results of our previous hybrid reading and attention study (Ekstrand, Neudorf, Kress, & Borowsky., 2019). In this case, we observed a previously unreported reading × attention interaction in BOLD intensity in the ventrolateral portion of Brodmann’s Area 6 (A6vl), which corresponded to the FEF. In Experiment 2, we used Human Connectome Project diffusion data to examine the connectivity profile of the A6vl. We observed high communicability between the A6vl and basal ganglia (which plays a role in spatial neglect and rhythm processing of syllables). These connections appeared to support tract clusters which terminated in the cerebellar Crus I/II (which play roles in eye movements and semantics) and cerebral superior parietal lobule (which plays a role in attentional orienting and phonetic decoding). The results of this study suggest the A6vl-FEF supports reading and attention processes. These results will help inform research on the links between reading and attention, and may have implications for developing treatments to improve reading in individuals with dyslexia.
Theoretical and Quantitative Disconnect When Modeling Adverse Childhood Experiences Using a Common Factor Framework: An Argument for Causal Indicator Models in Stressor Research
Authors: Moriarity Daniel P. , Slavich George M.
Published: August 2024

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are highly impactful stressors that increase individuals’ risk for a plethora of negative health outcomes. Further, minoritized groups and under-resourced individuals are at higher risk for ACEs, positioning these stressors as plausible mechanisms driving health disparities. Given this fact, a strong methodological foundation is necessary to ensure maximal clinical value. As emphasized by Jensen, Bernard, & Lanier (2024), this foundation must start with rigorous ACEs measurement—a goal that requires careful matching between ACEs measures and the scoring procedures used. To amplify their message while advocating for an alternative approach that may better reflect ACEs conceptualization, we write this commentary to highlight the merits of causal indicator models as a better match between theory and methodology.
Special issue: The self-regulation of human performance
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Wolff Wanja
Published: August 2024

Enduring cognitive or physical performance over extended periods of time is an important ability in daily life, prototypically required in many athletic, educational, and vocational contexts. A critical requirement for maintaining performance at a high level is that individuals continuously self-regulate various affective experiences (e.g., pain or boredom), thoughts (e.g., related to distractions or quitting), and behaviors (e.g., responding to feedback or increasing effort). The ubiquitous importance of self-regulation for performance has been recognized across psychological disciplines. In this special issue, we draw upon diverse insights from these disciplines to better understand the self-regulation of human performance.
Boredom is not boring
Authors: Bieleke Maik , Wolff Wanja , Martarelli Corinna
Published: August 2024

That boredom is not boring is a long-established insight among many of the greatest thinkers in history. This is also reflected in a steadily increasing number of researchers who turn their attention to boredom across scientific disciplines. Their various insights and perspectives are the foundations of this book, to which the present chapter provides a brief introduction and overview.
Subjective volatility, learning and paranoia
Authors: Jedlovszky Krisztina , Corlett Philip R. , Yon Daniel
Published: August 2024

Theories and models in psychology and neuroscience assume that learning is controlled by beliefs about uncertainty. Likewise, the idea that our brains can form the ‘wrong’ beliefs about the volatility in the world around us is central to modern theories in computational psychiatry. However, to date there has been no direct evidence that the ‘beliefs’ in these computational models map onto the subjective beliefs agents have about the volatility of the world around them, or that changes in subjective beliefs can create the patterns of thought and action that we see in pathological cases. Here, we separately manipulated experienced and expected volatility in the context of a simple learning task. We found that subjectively expecting volatility was sufficient to lead to erratic choice behaviour in participants, even in relatively stable learning environments. Testing participants with and without high levels of paranoia revealed that this direct manipulation of subjective beliefs affected learning and choice in a similar way to natural delusional states – with computational modelling suggested that volatility beliefs and paranoia share a common basis. These results provide the first evidence that our subjective prior beliefs about volatility shape how learning and choice unfold. These ‘subjective volatility’ priors could explain how certain kinds of experience engender paranoid thoughts and actions, and how communication with others might mitigate against unrealistic beliefs about uncertainty in more paranoid minds.
The Positive Effect of Technology-Integrated Teaching on Students’ Grammar Learning
Authors: Journal Arab World English
Published: August 2024

The primary aim of this study is to examine and assess the impact of technology-integrated education on students’ acquisition of grammatical skills. In this context, thirty students participated in this study; the stratified sampling method allocated 15 intermediate-level students to the control group, while another 15 students were assigned to the experimental groups. To assess the grammar proficiency of both groups at the start of the study, a pre-test was administered. The control group received traditional grammatical education centered around books, while the experimental group received grammar education utilizing mobile phones, smart boards, and technological applications. Although the pre-test analyses conducted at the start of the study did not reveal any notable distinction between the two groups, the post-test analyses using SPSS-7 and t-statistics calculations indicated a significant difference of .001 between the two groups. The control group experienced a 12.17% gain in grammatical level, while the experimental group showed a higher increase of 27.25%. Upon concluding the study, during the interview analysis conducted with the students, they expressed that technology-integrated grammar education is beneficial due to its flexibility, immediate feedback, and inclusion of video clips, quizzes, and sample essays pertaining to grammar.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Electronic Corrective Feedback and its Impact on EFL Learners’ Uptake
Authors: Journal Arab World English
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates EFL teachers’ perceptions of electronic corrective feedback in Saudi Arabia and the impact of electronic feedback on students’ learning process. It also seeks to elucidate the benefits and limitations of using electronic feedback through the Madrasati platform on students’ writing. The significance of this study lies in its exploration of the evolving landscape of educational technology in Saudi Arabian EFL teaching and learning providing insights to optimize feedback practices and enhance professional development, policy making, and student outcomes. The study addresses two primary questions: a) what are EFL teachers’ perceptions of electronic corrective feedback? b) which types and methods of electronic feedback did teachers utilize the most and were found effective? This research employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a questionnaire to gather data. The study sample comprised 141 EFL teachers from public secondary and high schools in Saudi Arabia. Several significant conclusions were drawn from the study. Firstly, the results indicated a high level of satisfaction with the benefits of electronic corrective feedback among Saudi Arabian teachers; they highly value the feedback provided by this method. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Madrasati platform emerged as the most frequently used tool, as teachers were initially mandated to utilize it for delivering feedback. The findings revealed that Saudi EFL teachers identified explanation and description as the most effective forms of correction. Furthermore, the study’s results demonstrated that Saudi teachers did not believe electronic corrective feedback would impede their ability to provide adequate student feedback. The study also discussed several pedagogical implications and recommendations.
An Overview of Theoretical Connections between the Rhetoric of Modernity and Postmodernity
Authors: Pandey Hem Lal
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the thematic convergences and departures within the rhetoric of modernity and postmodernity. In doing so, it explores some of their key themes such as language and meaning, reality and truth, autonomy and human progress, and reason concerning the works of Jurgen Habermas, John Locke, Jacques Derrida, Ferdinand de Saussure, Immanuel Kant and Jean Francois Lyotard. This paper employs a methodology of comparative textual analysis of the aforementioned authors’ selected texts and their themes in their historical/temporal positions within the discourse of the rhetoric of modernity and postmodernity. It fulfills two objectives: to explore what recurrent themes of modernity and postmodernity appear in the canonical theorists’ works, and to assess how they simultaneously overlap and differ from each other. Stepping on this comparative analysis, this paper brings together the thematic and theoretical connections between the rhetoric of modernity and postmodernity to conclude that the similarities and differences in the rhetoric of modernity and postmodernity among the selected theorists can be revisited through a thematic lens rather than the historical-temporal paradigms.
From Lahore to New York: Changing Identity of Lahure in Modern Nepali Literature
Authors: Paudel Maheswor
Published: August 2024

This article assesses the changing identity of lahure in modern Nepali literature. Beginning with the etymology ‘lahure’ that has its one-to-one correspondence with Lahore in the then British India, this article attempts to map the expansion of that particular identity right from Nepali youths’ entrance to Lahore to serve as a mercenary for Ranjit Singh, the Khalsa warrior king and interestingly not for the British colonials, as early as 1809, that is some time before the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816 that officially opened the gate for Nepali youths to the Company Army. Deriving impetus from Craig Calhoun’s discourse of identity in reading Tulachan Ale’s Manipurko Ladai ko Sawai as the early record of the formation of the lahure identity and Sirjana Sharma’s Golden Gate as the contemporary record of such identity, this article analyzes how the identity of a lahure has significantly changed from the early Nepali youths, that too exclusively males, who visited Lahore as the pioneer migrants to British India to the Nepalis who migrate to the United States after winning lottery via the Diversity Visa Program. This article scrutinizes the loose definition of lahure in Nepali society that not only transcends the etymological meaning of the term but also deconstructs the notion of stereotypical adherence to a specific gender, that is, male.
Death of a Salesman: Miscarriage of American Dream and the Blight of Loman Family
Authors: Ghimire Rishiram
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on the play Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller in which the concept of American dream aborts in Willy’s life. The abortion of American dream results in American nightmare enervating hope and progress for everyone. Upward mobility of an individual as well as family in job, house, marriage, children, social status becomes the hope of everyone as American dream promises. However, the play Death of a Salesman reveals nightmare life of Loman family who are struggling for their better, richer and fuller life. Willy Loman’s pathetic end ridicules American dream that is thought to be panacea for all. This article, in terms of Willy Loman, analyzes how the concept of American dream ‘all men are created equal and everyone has skills and aptitudes to pull themselves up by their own efforts’ has been superficial and the country fosters American nightmare.