bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High performance Li-, Na-, and K-ion storage in electrically conducting coordination polymers
Authors: Wang Jiande , Guo Xiaolong , Apostol Petru , Liu Xuelian , Robeyns Koen , Gence Loïk , Morari Cristian , Gohy Jean-François , Vlad Alexandru
Published: August 2022

Coordination polymers (CPs) made of redox-active organic moieties and metal ions emerge as an important class of electroactive materials for battery applications.
Correction: A robust starch–polyacrylamide hydrogel with scavenging energy harvesting capacity for efficient solar thermoelectricity–freshwater cogeneration
Authors: Mu Xiaojiang , Zhou Jianhua , Wang Pengfei , Chen Huan , Yang Tingting , Chen Siyi , Miao Lei , Mori Takao
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘A robust starch–polyacrylamide hydrogel with scavenging energy harvesting capacity for efficient solar thermoelectricity–freshwater cogeneration’ by Xiaojiang Mu et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee01394k.
Highly efficient dissolution of the cathode materials of spent Ni–Co–Mn lithium batteries using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Luo Yi , Yin Chengzhe , Ou Leming , Zhang Chenyang
Published: August 2022

We have discovered a deep eutectic solvent (consisting of betaine hydrochloride and ethylene glycol) capable of rapid and efficient leaching of spent Ni–Co–Mn lithium batteries.
Hydrodynamic dissection ofStentor coeruleusin a microfluidic cross junction
Authors: Paul Rajorshi , Zhang Kevin S. , Kurosu Jalil Myra , Castaño Nicolas , Kim Sungu , Tang Sindy K. Y.
Published: August 2022

The hydrodynamic cell splitter splits single-cell ciliateStentor coeruleususing a microfluidic cross junction at a high throughput of 500 cells min−1. Fragment viability decreases with increasing hydrodynamic stress and decreasing fragment size.
A convenient synthesis of core–shell ZSM-5@ZnO catalysts for methane co-aromatization with propane
Authors: Xu Guohao , Gao Xin , Luo Tao , Duan Yajie , Qian Huan , Yu Jisheng , Zhu Xuedong
Published: August 2022

The special reaction pathway of the shell (ZnO, metallic sites)–core (ZSM-5, acidic sites) and the relatively close proximity between ZnO and ZSM-5 were responsible for the excellent properties in methane co-aromatization with propane.
Simultaneous determination of the mechanical properties and turgor of a single bacterial cell using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Han Rui , Vollmer Waldemar , Perry John D. , Stoodley Paul , Chen Jinju
Published: August 2022

Bacterial mechanical properties (cell wall stiffness and turgor) are important factors for bacterial survival in harsh environments.
Multi-scale modeling of folic acid-functionalized TiO2nanoparticles for active targeting of tumor cells
Authors: Donadoni Edoardo , Siani Paulo , Frigerio Giulia , Di Valentin Cristiana
Published: August 2022

We computationally design and characterize bare and PEGylated TiO2nanoparticles decorated with folic acid (FA) to target cancer cells. The FA exposure to the solvent and FA–FA interactions play a key role for the nanoconjugates' clinical efficacy.
Abnormally weak intervalley electron scattering in MoS2 monolayer: insights from the matching between electron and phonon bands
Authors: Song Shiru , Yang Ji-Hui , Gong Xin-Gao
Published: August 2022

Electron mobility decreases abnormally from monolayer to bulk MoS2 due to smaller electron–phonon intervalley scattering in the monolayer.
Discovery of novel drug-like antitubercular hits targeting the MEP pathway enzyme DXPS by strategic application of ligand-based virtual screening
Authors: Zhu Di , Johannsen Sandra , Masini Tiziana , Simonin Céline , Haupenthal Jörg , Illarionov Boris , Andreas Anastasia , Awale Mahendra , Gierse Robin M. , van der Laan Tridia , van der Vlag Ramon , Nasti Rita , Poizat Mael , Buhler Eric , Reiling Norbert , Müller Rolf , Fischer Markus , Reymond Jean-Louis , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: August 2022

We identified two drug-like antitubercular hits with submicromolar inhibition constants against the target 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXPS) with a new mode of action and promising activity against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Divergent kinase WNG1 is regulated by phosphorylation of an atypical activation sub-domain
Authors: Dewangan Pravin S. , Beraki Tsebaot G. , Paiz E. Ariana , Appiah Mensah Delia , Chen Zhe , Reese Michael L.
Published: August 2022

Apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma gondii grow and replicate within a specialized organelle called the parasitophorous vacuole. The vacuole is decorated with parasite proteins that integrate into the membrane after trafficking through the parasite secretory system as soluble, chaperoned complexes. A regulator of this process is an atypical protein kinase called WNG1. Phosphorylation by WNG1 appears to serve as a switch for membrane integration. However, like its substrates, WNG1 is secreted from the parasite dense granules, and its activity must, therefore, be tightly regulated until the correct membrane is encountered. Here, we demonstrate that, while another member of the WNG family can adopt multiple multimeric states, WNG1 is monomeric and therefore not regulated by multimerization. Instead, we identify two phosphosites on WNG1 that are required for its kinase activity. Using a combination of in vitro biochemistry and structural modeling, we identify basic residues that are also required for WNG1 activity and appear to recognize the activating phosphosites. Among these coordinating residues are the ‘HRD’ Arg, which recognizes activation loop phosphorylation in canonical kinases. WNG1, however, is not phosphorylated on its activation loop, but rather on atypical phosphosites on its C-lobe. We propose a simple model in which WNG1 is activated by increasing ATP concentration above a critical threshold once the kinase traffics to the parasitophorous vacuole.
Complexity analysis of quantum teleportation via different entangled channels in the presence of noise
Authors: Singh Deepak , Kumar Sanjeev , Behera Bikash K.
Published: August 2022

Quantum communication is an integral part of quantum computing, where teleportation of a quantum state has gained significant attention from researchers. Many teleportation schemes have been introduced in the recent past. In this study, the authors compare the teleportation of a single‐qubit message among different entangled channels such as the two‐qubit Bell channel, three‐qubit GHZ channel, two/three‐qubit cluster states, a highly entangled five‐qubit state (Brown et al.) and the six‐qubit state (Borras et al.). The authors calculate and compare the quantum costs for these channels. The authors also study the effects of six noise models: bit‐flip noise, phase‐flip noise, bit‐phase‐flip noise, amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising error. These noise models may affect the communication channel used for teleportation. An investigation of the variation of the initial state's fidelity is performed for the teleported state in the presence of the noise model. It is observed that the fidelity decreases in all the entangled channels as the noise parameter η increases in the range [0, 0.5] for all the noise models. The fidelity shows an upward trend in the Bell, GHZ and three‐qubit cluster state channels, as η varies in the range [0.5, 1.0] for all the noise models. However, in the rest of the three channels, the fidelity substantially decreases in the case of amplitude damping, phase damping and depolarising noise, and even it reaches zero for η = 1 in Brown et al. and Borras et al. channels.
Chaff identification method based on Range‐Doppler imaging feature
Authors: Wang Husheng , Chen Baixiao , Zhu Dongchen , Huang Fengsheng , Yu Xiangzhen , Ye Qingzhi , Cheng Xiancheng , Peng Shuai , Jing Jiaqiu
Published: August 2022

Chaff is widely used in electronic countermeasures as an effective passive jamming method. This study proposes a chaff identification method that integrates the distribution of distance, Doppler frequency, and power in Range‐Doppler imaging. The traditional radar signal processing method estimates the distance and Doppler frequency, and the mean‐shift algorithm is combined to complete the clustering after the constant false alarm detection. Then, the target and chaff cloud models are modelled in three dimensions: radar cross‐section, range, and Doppler frequency. Using the Neyman–Pearson criterion, three chaff likelihood ratio test detectors are designed based on these assumptions. The three detectors can effectively identify the chaff, and then the theoretical detection probability and influencing factors are analysed. At the same time, the Kullback–Leibler divergence is used to describe the distribution difference between the data to be detected and the theoretical target and chaff. Besides, the different classifiers are used to identify the features of the differences in Kullback–Leibler divergence in three dimensions. Finally, the real‐life chaff datasets verified the excellent recognition rate of the authors’ method for the chaff.
‘Hot cities’ and rapid growth; experiences and responses of urban planning departments
Authors: Hammarberg Robert , Highfield Linda , Walton Gretchen , Wermuth Paige , Bowman Ann
Published: August 2022

It is presumed that rapidly growing ‘hot cities’ adapt their planning and operations to meet their evolving population's needs. These presumptions inspired the development of the following mixed‐method, convergent parallel study. Data from urban planning officials across nine rapidly growing ‘hot cities’ were collected through pre‐interview surveys and qualitative key‐informant interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify salient issues regarding awareness and perception of rapid population growth and the resulting response from their departments. Results indicate two main themes; Multidimensional Strain and Mitigation Strategies describe city experiences with rapid population growth effects and response. Across cities, urban planners expressed similar experiences of stress on land usage, housing, transportation, programing, and service delivery. Similar response patterns included evaluation and innovation of growth management strategies, enhanced collaboration, and equity considerations. This snapshot of rapid population growth repercussions and current city mitigation strategies may have future implications for public health and urban planning administrators in practice. Results shared also indicate how population data use and sharing can support Mitigation Strategies and impact community health.
Multidisziplinärer Teamansatz in der Versorgung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Störk Stefan , Güder Gülmisal
Published: August 2022

Die Versorgung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz durch multidisziplinäre Teams wird von (inter-)nationalen Leitlinien seit Jahren mit höchstem Nachdruck empfohlen, ist aber bislang nicht
hinreichend implementiert. Im deutschen Gesundheitssystem gibt es bisher nur für den hochspezialisierten Bereich konkrete Vorgaben zur Zusammensetzung dieser Teams (z. B. Heart Team oder
Heart Failure Team), während sie für den ambulanten Sektor fehlen. Zur Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation herzinsuffizienter Patienten konzipierten DGK und die DGTHG im Jahr 2016 die
Einführung von zertifizierten Herzinsuffizienz-Netzwerken. Diese fokussierten allerdings auf die kardiologisch-kardiochirurgisch unterstützte intersektorale Betreuung. Um die Primärversorger
adäquat in das Netzwerk mit einzubinden, bedarf es einer Erweiterung dieses Konzepts und einer regional angepassten, individuellen Ausgestaltung. Eine gemeinsame, barrierefrei bedienbare
Kommunikationsplattform in Form einer elektronischen Fallakte ist dabei eine zentrale Voraussetzung für eine moderne, erfolgreiche Interaktion. Die aktualisierte Fassung des
Disease-Management-Programms Herzinsuffizienz (DMP-HI) könnte die strukturierte Interaktion gezielt stärken, indem sie diese zur Bedingung macht und dafür Anreize schafft.
Änderung der Indikation zur primärprophylaktischen
ICD-Implantation
Authors: Wiedmann Felix , Israel Carsten W. , Schmidt Constanze
Published: August 2022

Die Versorgung mit einem implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) bietet
einen effektiven Schutz vor lebensgefährlichen Herzrhythmusstörungen. Da es sich
beim plötzlichen Herztod um ein unvorhersehbares Ereignis handelt, stellt die
Selektion des Patientenguts, das von einer ICD-Implantation profitiert, jedoch
nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Evidenz, auf der die aktuellen
Leitlinienempfehlungen zur ICD-Implantation aufbauen, begründet sich zu einem
relevanten Teil auf Studien, die bereits vor 20–30 Jahren durchgeführt wurden.
Seitdem hat sich die medikamentöse und interventionelle Herzinsuffizienztherapie
deutlich weiterentwickelt. Zudem stellen neuere Studien den prognostischen
Nutzen einer primärprophylaktischen ICD-Implantation bei Patienten mit nicht
ischämischer Kardiomyopathie infrage. Im Folgenden soll anhand der zugrunde
liegenden Daten erörtert werden, welche Implikationen sich hieraus für den
Alltag ergeben und welche Entwicklungen zukünftig zu erwarten sind.
Bindungs- und Entwicklungsförderung mit dem ersten Atemzug
Authors: Baldsiefen Regina
Published: August 2022

Das Kind entwickelt sich über die Sinne. Ebenso entwickelt sich die entstehende Beziehung zwischen Eltern und Kind nach der Schwangerschaft und Geburt über die Sinne weiter: einander sehen, riechen, berühren, halten, hören, wiegen, küssen, liebkosen, streicheln. Auf der Neonatologie und Kinderintensivstation des Berner Inselspitals in der Schweiz streben wir als interdisziplinäres Fachteam für die Kinder und ihre Eltern alltägliche, wiederkehrende Situationen und Möglichkeiten an, in denen diese gegenseitige Sinneserfahrungen an- und miteinander erleben können.
Prävalenz und medikamentöse Behandlungsstrategie des
spastischen Syndroms in Deutschland – Eine Retrospektive Analyse von
Abrechnungsdaten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
Authors: Katzenmeyer Martin , Seiffert Anna , Zimmermann Lisa
Published: August 2022

Patienten mit spastischer Bewegungsstörung (SMD) erhalten
überproportional häufig keine leitliniengerechte Therapie. Daten
der Gesundheitsforen Leipzig zur Prävalenz und Verordnung von
Therapiemaßnahmen bei Patienten mit SMD (ICD-10) wurden mit den
Verordnungen der von der Fachgesellschaft empfohlenen First-line-Medikation
verglichen, um weitere Einblicke in die Versorgungsrealität von
Patienten mit SMD zu erhalten. Es zeigte sich, dass innerhalb der deutschen
GKV-Population jährlich über 700.000 Menschen (bzw. 830 je
100.000 Einwohner) mit einer SMD-Diagnose kodiert werden und es damit deutlich
mehr Betroffene gibt, als zuvor berichtet. Von diesen erhält nur etwa
1% der Patienten eine leitliniengerechte medikamentöse
Therapie.
Cytology-based Screening for Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Immunocompetent Brazilian Women with a History of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Cancer
Authors: Brum Vivian de Oliveira Rodrigues , Tricoti Alessandra de Souza Oliveira , Pannain Gabriel Duque , Drumond Denise Gasparetii , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: August 2022

Objective To determine the prevalence and possible variables associated with anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer in immunocompetent women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Methods A cross-sectional study involving immunocompetent women with a histological diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, conducted between January 2016 and September 2020. All women underwent anal cytology and answered a questionnaire on characterization and potential risk factors. Women with altered cytology were submitted to anoscopy and biopsy.

Results A total of 69 women were included in the study. Of these, 7 (10.1%) had abnormal anal cytology results: (high-grade lesion, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade lesions: 28,5% each; low grade lesion: 14,3%). Of the anoscopies, 3 (42.8%) showed alterations. Of the 2 (28,5% of all abnormal cytology results) biopsies performed, only 1 showed low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. The average number of pregnancies, vaginal deliveries, and abortions was associated with abnormal anal cytology. However, the highest mean regarding the cesarean sections was associated with normal cytology.

Conclusion The prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia was compatible with data from recent studies, especially those conducted in Brazil. Opportunistic screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in this high-risk population should be considered. Anal cytology is suitable for this purpose, due to its low cost and feasibility in public health services.
Use of Urodynamics by Gynecologists and Urologists in Brazil
Authors: Diniz Mucio Barata , Ribeiro Marina Franklin , Dias Luísa Aguiar Monteiro , Monteiro Marilene Vale de Castro
Published: August 2022

Objective Urodynamic studies (UDSs) are a set of tests that assess the storage and emptying of urine, and they are widely used by gynecologists and urologists in the management of urinary incontinence (UI), despite the discussion about its indications. The objectives of the present study were to verify whether UDSs are routinely used in the conservative and surgical approaches to female UI, their other clinical indications, and to compare the responses of Brazilian gynecologists and urologists.

Methods The present is an opinion survey applied from August 2020 to January 2021 through a semistructured questionnaire about the clinical practice sent by e-mail to all participants. The responses were compared through statistical analyses.

Results Of the 329 participants, 238 were gynecologists (72.3%) and 91, urologists (27.7%). Most gynecologists (73.5%) and urologists (86.6%) do not request UDSs before the conservative treatment of UI; but UDSs are indicated in the preoperative period of anti-incontinence surgeries. Most participants request UDSs in the initial approach to overactive bladder (gynecologists: 88.2%; urologists: 96.7%), and the urologist has greater chance to request this study (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9). For most participants, it is necessary to request uroculture before the UDSs.

Conclusion Most Brazilian gynecologists and urologists who participated in the present study do not request UDSs before the conservative treatment of UI, according to national and internacional guidelines, and often request it before the surgical treatment for female UI. The indication of this exam in the initial approach of idiopathic overactive bladder should be reviewed by the participants.
An alchemy of medieval Honduras
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A.
Published: August 2022

This paper argues that geological materials, which modern European thought views as inert, were understood as lively or animated by indigenous people living between 700 and 1200 AD in what today is the nation of Honduras. Spanish colonial petitions, and oral traditions collected as folklore or ethnographic narratives from the descendants of these indigenous people present earthly matter as animate. Exploring the liveliness of geological materials before European invasion leads to the displacement of a traditional archaeological notion of spatialization organized around an opposition between settlements, treated as the locus of cultural activity, and their surroundings, identified as a contrasting ‘nature’. Identifying the co-presence of geological materials in specific zones of mountainous terrain and recognizing their mobility from mountains to floodplains leads to a new understanding of spatialities and temporalities in which humans were enmeshed with wilful substances, co-producing objects that are never entirely removed from their geological matter.
Stationary states of the one-dimensional discrete-time facilitated symmetric exclusion process
Authors: Goldstein S. , Lebowitz J. L. , Speer E. R.
Published: August 2022

We describe the extremal translation invariant stationary (ETIS) states of the facilitated exclusion process on Z. In this model, all particles on sites with one occupied and one empty neighbor jump at each integer time to the empty neighbor site, and if two particles attempt to jump into the same empty site, we choose one randomly to succeed. The ETIS states are qualitatively different for densities ρ < 1/2, ρ = 1/2, and 1/2 < ρ < 1, but in each density region, we find states that may be grouped into families, each of which is in natural correspondence with the set of all ergodic measures on {0,1}Z. For ρ < 1/2, there is one such family, containing all the ergodic states in which the probability of two adjacent occupied sites is zero. For ρ = 1/2, there are two families, in which configurations translate to the left and right, respectively, with constant speed 2. For the high density case, there is a continuum of families. We show that all ETIS states at densities ρ ≤ 1/2 belong to these families and conjecture that also at high density there are no other ETIS states. We also study the possible ETIS states that might occur if the conjecture fails.
Initial nucleation of metastable γ-Ga2O3 during sub-millisecond thermal anneals of amorphous Ga2O3
Authors: Gann Katie R. , Chang Celesta S. , Chang Ming-Chiang , Sutherland Duncan R. , Connolly Aine B. , Muller David A. , van Dover Robert B. , Thompson Michael O.
Published: August 2022

Beta-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) is a promising semiconductor for high frequency, high temperature, and high voltage applications. In addition to the β-phase, numerous other polymorphs exist and understanding the competition between phases is critical to control practical devices. The phase formation sequence of Ga2O3, starting from amorphous thin films, was determined using lateral-gradient laser spike annealing at peak temperatures of 500–1400 °C on 400 μs to 10 ms timescales, with transformations characterized by optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resulting phase processing map showed the γ-phase, a defect-spinel structure, first nucleating under all annealing times for temperatures from 650 to 800 °C. The cross-sectional TEM at the onset of the γ-phase formation showed nucleation near the film center with no evidence of heterogeneous nucleation at the interfaces. For temperatures above 850 °C, the thermodynamically stable β-phase was observed. For anneals of 1–4 ms and temperatures below 1200 °C, small randomly oriented grains were observed. Large grains were observed for anneals below 1 ms and above 1200 °C, with anneals above 4 ms and 1200 °C resulting in textured films. The formation of the γ-phase prior to β-phase, coupled with the observed grain structure, suggests that the γ-phase is kinetically preferred during thermal annealing of amorphous films, with β-phase subsequently forming by nucleation at higher temperatures. The low surface energy of the γ-phase implied by these results suggests an explanation for the widely observed γ-phase inclusions in β-phase Ga2O3 films grown by a variety of synthesis methods.
Fluid-coupled Lamb waves for self-assembling three-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Chen Yen-Hsiang , Huang Yan-Ming , Tsai Pei-Keng , Li Ming-Huang , Chen Jung-San , Chen Yu-Bin
Published: August 2022

Fluid-coupled Lamb waves (LWs) were proposed to facilitate the self-assembling of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs) in this work. Numerical models were constructed for proof-of-concept, and a fabrication set-up was developed for experimental demonstration. LWs were initially generated by a piezoelectric substrate. A couplant altered the propagating direction of these LWs to form the fluid-coupled LWs at a superstrate. The coffee-ring effect (CRE) of a suspension droplet on the superstrate was thus suppressed. The suspended nanospheres formed 3D PCs after the droplet dried out. Diversified PCs were fabricated using the developed set-up. Their transmittance spectra demonstrated the corresponding bandgap clearly. Advantages of utilizing fluid-coupled LWs for self-assembling 3D PCs include flexibility in excitation frequency, fabrication cost-effectiveness, acceptance for a passively oscillating substrate, and enlargement of sample area.
Prediction of broadband noise from rotating blade elements with serrated trailing edges
Authors: Tian Haopeng , Lyu Benshuai
Published: August 2022

This paper conducts a theoretical investigation into the prediction of broadband trailing-edge noise for rotating serrated blades. Lyu's semi-analytical noise prediction model for isolated flat plates is extended to rotating blades using Schlinker and Amiet's approach and applied to three test applications including a wind turbine, a cooling fan, and an open propeller. The model is validated by comparing the straight edge results with that presented in the work of Sinayoko et al., which shows an excellent agreement. The noise spectra obtained using different-order approximations show that the second-order solution yields a converged result. It is found that trailing-edge serrations can lead to noise reduction in the intermediate- and high-frequency ranges at an observer angle of 45° at low Mach numbers but may lead to noise increase in the intermediate-frequency range at high Mach numbers. The results show that the directivity patterns change due to the use of trailing-edge serrations and the directivity peaks are observed at high frequencies. A detailed analysis on the effects of rotation shows that for low-Mach number applications, the Doppler effect is weak and the peaky directivity pattern is mainly affected by the nonuniform directivity of an isolated flat plate at high frequencies. However, for high-Mach number applications, the Doppler effect is significant and also contributes to the final directivity pattern of rotating blades.
An MD-study on changing the elemental distribution and composition by alloying to control front propagation in Al–Ni multilayers
Authors: Schwarz Fabian , Spolenak Ralph
Published: August 2022

To cover the wide range of applications of reactive multilayers, it is necessary to have the ability to vary and control their front propagation velocities as well as their maximum reaction temperatures. In this paper, Molecular Dynamics simulations are used to study the influence of Al alloying, Ni alloying, and Co alloying on Al–Ni multilayers. In the case of alloying with Al and Ni, the iso-stoichiometric case where both the Al and the Ni layers are alloyed is first studied. In the second step, the stoichiometry is varied by alloying only one of the two layers with the other element. This allows for achieving very small front propagation velocities. Furthermore, the Ni layer is alloyed with Co and the whole range from a binary Al–Ni to the binary Al–Co system is studied. The front propagation velocity does not change linearly with the alloying fraction and reaches a minimum where the Ni/Co alloy changes from a face centered cubic to a hexagonal close packed lattice.
Interplay of simplicial awareness contagion and epidemic spreading on time-varying multiplex networks
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhang Hai-Feng , Zhu Pei-Can , Ma Chuang
Published: August 2022

There has been growing interest in exploring the dynamical interplay of epidemic spreading and awareness diffusion within the multiplex network framework. Recent studies have demonstrated that pairwise interactions are not enough to characterize social contagion processes, but the complex mechanisms of influence and reinforcement should be considered. Meanwhile, the physical social interaction of individuals is not static but time-varying. Therefore, we propose a novel sUAU-tSIS model to characterize the interplay of simplicial awareness contagion and epidemic spreading on time-varying multiplex networks, in which one layer with 2-simplicial complexes is considered the virtual information layer to address the complex contagion mechanisms in awareness diffusion and the other layer with time-varying and memory effects is treated as the physical contact layer to mimic the temporal interaction pattern among population. The microscopic Markov chain approach based theoretical analysis is developed, and the epidemic threshold is also derived. The experimental results show that our theoretical method is in good agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations. Specifically, we find that the synergistic reinforcement mechanism coming from the group interactions promotes the diffusion of awareness, leading to the suppression of the spreading of epidemics. Furthermore, our results illustrate that the contact capacity of individuals, activity heterogeneity, and memory strength also play important roles in the two dynamics; interestingly, a crossover phenomenon can be observed when investigating the effects of activity heterogeneity and memory strength.
Very long wave infrared quantum cascade detector with a twin-well absorption region
Authors: Guo Kai , Zhu Yi-Xuan , Li Kun , Liu Jun-Qi , Zhai Shen-Qiang , Liu Shu-Man , Zhuo Ning , Zhang Jin-Chuan , Wang Li-Jun , Liu Feng-Qi , Wang Xiao-Hua , Wei Zhi-Peng
Published: August 2022

We report a very long wave (14 μm) infrared quantum cascade detector based on a twin-well coupled absorption region operating at temperatures up to 130 K. By introducing two coupled absorption quantum wells that have the same width, the absorption strength and responsivity of the detector are increased relative to the single-well design. At 77 K, we observe a responsivity of 4.06 mA/W at zero bias, which is 4.27 times that of the single-well counterpart. The responsivity is further optimized for reverse bias operation, so that the obstruction of space charge field to electron transport is compensated. The photocurrent reaches a maximum value at 77 K for an applied bias of −1.3 V, and responsivity as high as 23.76 mA/W, which is 5.85 times that under zero bias, is obtained.
A Pockels cell enabled heterodyne phase contrast imaging diagnostic for detection of ion cyclotron emission
Authors: Marinoni A. , Moeller C. P. , Rost J. C. , Porkolab M. , Edlund E. M.
Published: August 2022

This work describes a novel optical heterodyne detection scheme that significantly extends the frequency response of the phase contrast imaging method to detect electron density fluctuations in tens of megahertz frequency range. The system employs a variable frequency electro-optic modulator to allow operation at any frequency in the range 10–40 MHz without the need to realign the system. The frequency coverage of the system makes it suitable to measure the radial structure of the electron density component of ion cyclotron emission on devices having confining magnetic field of a few tesla, thus extending the purely temporal measurements provided so far by magnetic probes.
High speed water entry phenomenon comparison of projectile with free and constant speed
Authors: Fan Chunyong , Wang Min , Li He
Published: August 2022

The high-speed water-entry phenomenon of vehicles with a free and constant speed is numerically studied. The different behaviors of the cavities created by the vertical water entry of projectiles with different nose shapes, tail shapes, and impact speeds are investigated. The drag characteristics of the projectiles with a free or constant impact speed are compared. The flow characteristics of the flow field are compared and analyzed. Unlike the cavity induced by free-speed water entry, that induced by constant-speed water entry is more stable and is maintained for a longer time. The expansion of the projectile tail can weaken the effect of the re-jet flow, generated by the cavity seal, on the head of the cavity and prolong the attachment time of the cavity. The shape of the projectile tail can cause drag disturbance, but the key factor determining the drag of the projectile mainly depends on the water entering speed and the nose shape of the projectile.
Transition to the chaotic state of the convective flows on a hot cone
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Tian Zhao Feng , Nie Bingchuan , Zhang Xuan , Xu Feng
Published: August 2022

A transition to the chaotic state of the convective flows on a hot cone is investigated using three-dimensional numerical simulation. A wide range of the Rayleigh number from Ra = 100 to 107 for the Prandtl number of Pr = 7 and the aspect ratio of A = 0.1 is considered. Numerical results reveal a complex transition route to the chaotic state of the convective flows with a succession of Hopf, period-doubling, and quasiperiodic bifurcations; the transition to a chaotic state followed by a succession of inverse quasiperiodic and inverse period-doubling bifurcations; and a succession of period-doubling and quasiperiodic bifurcations and the transition to chaotic state again. Typical flows in the transition are characterized and analyzed using spectral analysis, the trajectory, the largest Lyapunov exponent, and the fractal dimension. Further, heat transfer in the transition is calculated, and the scaling relation is obtained.
Enhancing the thermionic electron emission performance of hafnium with nanocluster doping
Authors: Bai Ling , Li Tingwei , Zhang Congyang , Zhang Haijun , Yang Shuang , Li Quan , Sun Qiang
Published: August 2022

Scandate cathode as a thermionic electron emission material has attracted broad interest owing to its high electron emission capability. Despite the large number of studies on the electron emission of the scandate tungsten cathode, there is a lack of understanding of the performance of scandium oxide incorporated in other refractory metal matrix. In this work, by applying first-principles calculations, we study the role that Sc2O3 nanocluster plays in enhancing the electron emission of the Hf cathode (labeled as Sc2O3@Hf). We find that Sc2O3@Hf is both thermally and mechanically stable, exhibits complex surface structures, and possesses inverse relationship between surface energy and work function. Moreover, the work function of the Hf (0001) surface can be reduced to 3.50 eV due to the change in the vacuum level when Sc2O3 nanocluster is doped, while the work function of the Hf (101¯2) surface can be reduced to 3.39, 3.39, and 3.03 eV when doped with Sc2O3, Y2O3, and CeO2 clusters, respectively.
Comparative analysis of nutritional composition of seeds of wild-type soybean and lines overexpressing GmWRI1a
Authors: Yang Mingming , Yang Chao , Zhang Qingyan , Li Meng , Wang Yuanzhuo , Shang Ping , Ren Baizheng , Zuo Zhaohui , Xing Siqi , Teng Weili , Wang Zhikun
Published: August 2022

Context With the widespread use of transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L. ) Merr.), their nutritional assessment for human food and animal feed is an important aspect of safety evaluation. WRINKLED 1 (WRI1) is a transcriptional activator of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Aims We aimed to evaluate the effect of overexpression of GmWRI1a in soybean on the nutritional profile of soybean seeds. Methods Using molecular biology techniques, we identified three transgenic soybean lines stably overexpressing GmWRI1a (GmWRI1a-OE). We quantified the nutritional and anti-nutritional components in seeds of GmWRI1a-OE and wild-type (DN50) soybean, and compared them on the basis of the principle of substantial equivalence. Key results The GmWRI1a and Bar genes were stably inherited in the three GmWRI1a-OE lines, and GmWRI1a protein content was higher in transgenic soybean seeds than in wild-type seeds. Overexpression of GmWRI1a resulted in changes in fatty acid composition, a significant increase in oil content, and a significant decrease in stachyose content in seeds. Contents of other nutritional components (proximates, amino acids and isoflavones) and anti-nutritional factors (phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and raffinose) in seeds were not significantly different between the wild-type and GmWRI1a-OE lines. Conclusions Contents of nutritional and anti-nutritional components of GmWRI1a-OE seeds were all within the reference ranges reported for commercially available soybeans and, therefore, are substantially equivalent to those of wild-type seeds. Implications GmWRI1a-OE soybean seeds are a high-quality product for health-conscious consumers.
Estimating the environmental impacts of 57,000 food products
Authors: Clark Michael , Springmann Marco , Rayner Mike , Scarborough Peter , Hill Jason , Tilman David , Macdiarmid Jennie I. , Fanzo Jessica , Bandy Lauren , Harrington Richard A.
Published: August 2022

Understanding and communicating the environmental impacts of food products is key to enabling transitions to environmentally sustainable food systems [El Bilali and Allahyari, Inf. Process. Agric. 5, 456–464 (2018)]. While previous analyses compared the impacts of food commodities such as fruits, wheat, and beef [Poore and Nemecek,Science360, 987–992 (2018)], most food products contain numerous ingredients. However, because the amount of each ingredient in a product is often known only by the manufacturer, it has been difficult to assess their environmental impacts. Here, we develop an approach to overcome this limitation. It uses prior knowledge from ingredient lists to infer the composition of each ingredient, and then pairs this with environmental databases [Poore and NemecekScience360, 987–992 (2018); Gephart et al., Nature 597, 360–365 (2021)] to derive estimates of a food product’s environmental impact across four indicators: greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water stress, and eutrophication potential. Using the approach on 57,000 products in the United Kingdom and Ireland shows food types have low (e.g., sugary beverages, fruits, breads), to intermediate (e.g., many desserts, pastries), to high environmental impacts (e.g., meat, fish, cheese). Incorporating NutriScore reveals more nutritious products are often more environmentally sustainable but there are exceptions to this trend, and foods consumers may view as substitutable can have markedly different impacts. Sensitivity analyses indicate the approach is robust to uncertainty in ingredient composition and in most cases sourcing. This approach provides a step toward enabling consumers, retailers, and policy makers to make informed decisions on the environmental impacts of food products.
Revisiting ℓ1-wavelet compressed-sensing MRI in the era of deep learning
Authors: Gu Hongyi , Yaman Burhaneddin , Moeller Steen , Ellermann Jutta , Ugurbil Kamil , Akçakaya Mehmet
Published: August 2022

Following their success in numerous imaging and computer vision applications, deep-learning (DL) techniques have emerged as one of the most prominent strategies for accelerated MRI reconstruction. These methods have been shown to outperform conventional regularized methods based on compressed sensing (CS). However, in most comparisons, CS is implemented with two or three hand-tuned parameters, while DL methods enjoy a plethora of advanced data science tools. In this work, we revisitℓ1-wavelet CS reconstruction using these modern tools. Using ideas such as algorithm unrolling and advanced optimization methods over large databases that DL algorithms utilize, along with conventional insights from wavelet representations and CS theory, we show thatℓ1-wavelet CS can be fine-tuned to a level close to DL reconstruction for accelerated MRI. The optimizedℓ1-wavelet CS method uses only 128 parameters compared to >500,000 for DL, employs a convex reconstruction at inference time, and performs within <1% of a DL approach that has been used in multiple studies in terms of quantitative quality metrics.
Uncovering eco-friendly design in the ancient bronze goose-and-fish lamp: an unnoticeable gap boosts ventilation
Authors: Xiao Jie , Shen Qian , Chen Xiao Dong
Published: August 2022

The bronze goose-and-fish lamp exhibited in the national museum of China is a 2,000-y-old artifact once used for indoor lighting by nobility in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE TO 25 CE). The beauty of this national treasure arises from its elegant shape vividly showing a goose catching fish with beautiful colors painted over the whole body. Beyond the artistic and historical value, what enchants people most is the eco-design concept of this oil-burning lamp. It is widely believed that the smoke generated by burning animal oil can flow into the goose belly through its long neck, then be absorbed by prefilled water in the belly, hence mitigating indoor air pollution. Although different mechanistic hypotheses such as natural convection and even the siphon effect have been proposed to qualitatively rationalize the above-claimed pollution mitigation function, due to the absence of a true scientific analysis, the definitive mechanism remains a mystery. By rigorous modeling of the nonisothermal fluid flow coupled with convection-diffusion of pollutant within and out of the lamp, we discover that it is the unnoticeable gap between goose body and lamp tray (i.e., an intrinsic feature of the multicompartmental design) that can offer definitive ventilation in the lamp. The ventilation is facilitated by natural convection due to oil burning. Adequate ventilation plays a key role in enabling pollution mitigation, as it allows pollutant to reach the goose belly, travel over and be absorbed by the water.
Scenarios for modeling solar radiation modification
Authors: MacMartin D. G. , Visioni D. , Kravitz B. , Richter J.H. , Felgenhauer T. , Lee W. R. , Morrow D. R. , Parson E. A. , Sugiyama M.
Published: August 2022

Making informed future decisions about solar radiation modification (SRM; also known as solar geoengineering)—approaches such as stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) that would cool the climate by reflecting sunlight—requires projections of the climate response and associated human and ecosystem impacts. These projections, in turn, will rely on simulations with global climate models. As with climate-change projections, these simulations need to adequately span a range of possible futures, describing different choices, such as start date and temperature target, as well as risks, such as termination or interruptions. SRM modeling simulations to date typically consider only a single scenario, often with some unrealistic or arbitrarily chosen elements (such as starting deployment in 2020), and have often been chosen based on scientific rather than policy-relevant considerations (e.g., choosing quite substantial cooling specifically to achieve a bigger response). This limits the ability to compare risks both between SRM and non-SRM scenarios and between different SRM scenarios. To address this gap, we begin by outlining some general considerations on scenario design for SRM. We then describe a specific set of scenarios to capture a range of possible policy choices and uncertainties and present corresponding SAI simulations intended for broad community use.
Wide bandgap semiconductor nanomembranes as a long-term biointerface for flexible, implanted neuromodulator
Authors: Nguyen Tuan-Khoa , Barton Matthew , Ashok Aditya , Truong Thanh-An , Yadav Sharda , Leitch Michael , Nguyen Thanh-Vinh , Kashaninejad Navid , Dinh Toan , Hold Leonie , Yamauchi Yusuke , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Phan Hoang-Phuong
Published: August 2022

Electrical neuron stimulation holds promise for treating chronic neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s disease. The implementation of ultrathin, flexible electrodes that can offer noninvasive attachment to soft neural tissues is a breakthrough for timely, continuous, programable, and spatial stimulations. With strict flexibility requirements in neural implanted stimulations, the use of conventional thick and bulky packages is no longer applicable, posing major technical issues such as short device lifetime and long-term stability. We introduce herein a concept of long-lived flexible neural electrodes using silicon carbide (SiC) nanomembranes as a faradic interface and thermal oxide thin films as an electrical barrier layer. The SiC nanomembranes were developed using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process at the wafer level, and thermal oxide was grown using a high-quality wet oxidation technique. The proposed material developments are highly scalable and compatible with MEMS technologies, facilitating the mass production of long-lived implanted bioelectrodes. Our experimental results showed excellent stability of the SiC/silicon dioxide (SiO
2
) bioelectronic system that can potentially last for several decades with well-maintained electronic properties in biofluid environments. We demonstrated the capability of the proposed material system for peripheral nerve stimulation in an animal model, showing muscle contraction responses comparable to those of a standard non-implanted nerve stimulation device. The design concept, scalable fabrication approach, and multimodal functionalities of SiC/SiO
2
flexible electronics offer an exciting possibility for fundamental neuroscience studies, as well as for neural stimulation–based therapies.
Balanced control of thermogenesis by nuclear receptor corepressors in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Richter Hannah J. , Hauck Amy K. , Batmanov Kirill , Inoue Shin-Ichi , So Bethany N. , Kim Mindy , Emmett Matthew J. , Cohen Ronald N. , Lazar Mitchell A.
Published: August 2022

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic organ whose expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and ability to maintain body temperature in response to acute cold exposure require histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). HDAC3 exists in tight association with nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoRs) NCoR1 and NCoR2 (also known as silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors [SMRT]), but the functions of NCoR1/2 in BAT have not been established. Here we report that as expected, genetic loss of NCoR1/2 in BAT (NCoR1/2 BAT-dKO) leads to loss of HDAC3 activity. In addition, HDAC3 is no longer bound at its physiological genomic sites in the absence of NCoR1/2, leading to a shared deregulation of BAT lipid metabolism between NCoR1/2 BAT-dKO and HDAC3 BAT-KO mice. Despite these commonalities, loss of NCoR1/2 in BAT does not phenocopy the cold sensitivity observed in HDAC3 BAT-KO, nor does loss of either corepressor alone. Instead, BAT lacking NCoR1/2 is inflamed, particularly with respect to the interleukin-17 axis that increases thermogenic capacity by enhancing innervation. Integration of BAT RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that NCoR1/2 directly regulateMmp9, which integrates extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammation. These findings reveal pleiotropic functions of the NCoR/HDAC3 corepressor complex in BAT, such that HDAC3-independent suppression of BAT inflammation counterbalances stimulation of HDAC3 activity in the control of thermogenesis.
Effect of ageing on precipitation evolution and corrosion behaviour of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy
Authors: Li Guisheng , Xu Gaoshan , Sun Rui , Liang Shan , Li Jinghui , Zhang Mingya
Published: August 2022

The Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy was subjected to 4 passes equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 400°C, followed by different solutions and ageing treatments. The size, type and distribution of precipitates in aluminium matrix are different in different ageing treatments. In single-stage ageing, a large number of η′ precipitates and Guinier-Preston-II (GP-II) zones are generated in the aluminium matrix. The precipitates are mainly MgZn2 ( η) precipitates and η′ precipitates during the double-stage ageing. The size and type of precipitates in three-stage ageing are similar to those in two-stage ageing. Simultaneously, the single-stage ageing sample has poor corrosion resistance and good hardness. Two-stage ageing and three-stage ageing samples have better corrosion resistance, but their hardness is lower than that of single-stage ageing.