bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of remifentanil on measures of anesthetic immobility and analgesia in cats
Authors: Brosnan Robert J. , Pypendop Bruno H. , Siao Kristine T. , Stanley Scott D.
Published: September 2009

Objective—To evaluate effects of various doses of remifentanil on measures of analgesia in anesthetized cats.

Animals—6 healthy adult cats.

Procedures—Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane and thermal threshold responses were evaluated in anesthetized cats. Remifentanil infusions of 0 (baseline), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μg/kg/min were administered; after a 45-minute equilibration period, isoflurane MAC and responses were determined. Isoflurane MAC was determined in anesthetized cats once for each remifentanil infusion rate by use of a standard tail clamp technique. Thermal threshold was measured in awake cats by use of a commercially available analgesiometric probe placed on the lateral portion of the thorax; remifentanil infusions were administered in randomized order to anesthetized cats, and thermal threshold determinations were made by an investigator who was unaware of the infusion rate.

Results—Mean ± SEM median effective concentration (EC50) for remifentanil and its active metabolite, GR90291, for the thermal threshold test was 1.00 ± 0.35 ng/mL and 307 ± 28 ng/mL of blood, respectively. Dysphoria was detected in all awake cats at the 2 highest remifentanil infusion rates. However, isoflurane MAC during remifentanil infusions was unchanged from baseline values, even at blood opioid concentrations approximately 75 times the analgesic EC50.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Immobility and analgesia as reflected by thermal threshold testing were independent anesthetic end points in the cats. Results of MAC-sparing evaluations should not be used to infer analgesic potency without prior validation of an MAC-analgesia relationship for specific drugs and species.
Evaluation of scintigraphy to assess incorporation of intercalary cortical bone grafts in sheep
Authors: Seaman Jeffrey A. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Rose Nathan D. , Weinstein Jeff I. , Guo Hongfei , Anderson Kari L.
Published: September 2009

Objective—To evaluate scintigraphy, radiography, and histomorphometric analysis for assessing incorporation of intercalary bone grafts and to compare incorporation of cortical autografts and allografts by the recipient.

Animals—12 skeletally mature sheep.

Procedures—A 5-cm tibial defect was filled with a cortical allograft (n = 6) or autograft (6) and stabilized with an interlocking nail. Radiography, scintigraphy, and fluorochrome bone labeling were performed every 3 months for 24 months. Radiographic evaluation included grading of the host and graft union and assessment of implants and grafts. Technetium-99m-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate radionuclide uptake was measured. Sheep were euthanatized 24 months after surgery, and bone formation was evaluated via histomorphometric analysis of fluorochrome labeling.

Results—Complete union was detected on radiographs by 21 months in all sheep but developed earlier in sheep that received an autograft versus in those that received an allograft. Radionuclide uptake peaked at 3 months and returned to presurgical values at 12 months. Histomorphometric analysis revealed fluorochrome labeling corresponding to each time point, with most bone formation at 9 through 15 months. Scintigraphy findings did not correlate well with fluorochrome labeling of newly formed bone.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although bone production around cortical bone grafts was detected by use of scintigraphy, this method did not provide accurate assessment of graft incorporation in sheep. Furthermore, bone produced by activated periosteum could not be distinguished scintgraphically from bone that replaced the graft. Intercalary autografts healed more rapidly and had greater incorporation into the host bone, compared with findings for allografts.
Results of a survey to estimate cattle movements and contact rates among beef herds in California, with reference to the potential spread and control of foot-and-mouth disease
Authors: Marshall Edith S. , Carpenter Tim E. , Thunes Clair
Published: September 2009

Objective—To estimate contact rates and movement variables for shipments of beef cattle to and from producer premises in California.

Design—Cross-sectional survey.

Sample Population—583 beef producers in California.

Procedures—Questionnaires were developed and distributed to beef cattle producers in California. The study period was from April 20, 2005, through September 7, 2006. Data from completed questionnaires were entered manually into an electronic format. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.

Results—Median number of interstate animal movements (movement of cattle into or out of California) was 0.17/mo; on the basis of this median, beef cattle were moved interstate > 2 times/y. Respondents kept beef cattle at up to 5 locations throughout the year. More than 40% of the movements from the respondents' premises were to a sale yard or auction facility.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Frequency of animal movements in this statewide study differed from values in another study of monthly shipments of animals to and from beef operations in 3 counties of California. The survey reported here revealed more frequent movements of animals to and from beef operations of all sizes. In addition, there were more high-risk indirect contacts on beef operations than has been reported previously. However, the number of low-risk indirect contacts was similar for small beef operations but less for large beef operations than has been reported elsewhere. Epidemic simulation models for California based on data in earlier studies likely underpredicted disease transmission involving beef herds.
Determination of 3D-region of interest using digital in-line holography with astigmatic Gaussian beams
Authors: Verrier N. , Coëtmellec S. , Brunel M. , Lebrun D.
Published: September 2009

An experimental method to visualize a 3D-region of interest (ROI) by means of an astigmatic Gaussian beam is proposed. This method allows to reduce the amount of image planes to be reconstructed thus saving computational time. ROI determination is performed without any computational step: particles that are located in the ROI can be distinguished from the others according to the hyperbolic shape of their diffraction pattern. Theoretical location of the ROI is determined by using the ABCD approach proposed in a previous paper [1]. Experimental results are presented.
Rumah Solehah - Malaysia: Half Way Home For Women And Children With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Nordin Musa Bin Mohd
Published: September 2009

Rumah Solehah (RS) is a half way home for women and children living with HIV/AIDS. Since July 1998, more than 100 women and 50 children have "graduated" from RS. Presently, we have 22 children, 3 months to 9 years old and 8 women. We bought our own home in Kampung Pandan in 2007. We have a second home in Cheras and started a third home in Kuala Terengganu in August 2007. The home and family ambience of RS has offered our women and children the opportunity to cherish the joy and happiness of family life and caring for each other. RS received the Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Special Mention Award 2004 for excellence in care and support at the grass-root level. With the inevitable surplus of HIV/AIDS infected and affected children, the challenges to RS will continue to be a daunting and awesome one. Together we can make a difference to the lives of these little and innocent souls. doi: 10.3329/bjms.v8i1.3187 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.8 No. 1-2; 2009 29-32
Tuberculosis Situation in Bogra District: After One Decade National TB Control Programme
Authors: Rahman MA , Jahan MS , Hussain MW , Islam MA , Islam MS , Alam Ferdous
Published: September 2009

The ongoing national TB control programme (NTP) of Bangladesh had started from 1993 and had expanded at all upazilas in collaboration with partner NGOs by June 1998. The NTP is following DOTS strategy with target 70% case detection and 85% cure rate. By this time more than a decade has passed but total achievement of NTP is yet remain mask due to absence of exact statistic on tuberculosis situation in our country. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3175 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 98-105
Multi-drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Rajshahi District
Authors: Hussain M Wasim , Haque M Azizul , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Hossain Maruf , Rahman M Fazlur
Published: September 2009

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a form of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least INH and rifampicin. Total 4390 new patients with sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled in this study and treated with 2HRZE /6HT or HE. 3908 patients were cured and 482 patients had to undergo retreatment because of relapse or treatment failure. Retreatment was done with 2HRZES/1HRZE/5H3R3E3. Directly observed therapy was employed to treat all the cases. 18 patients remained sputum smear positive after eight months of treatment. So, the percentage of MDR TB in total study population was observed to be 0.4%.And the percentage of MDR TB among retreatment cases were 3.7%. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3190 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 113-117
Facilitating scholarly communication in African Studies
Authors: van der Werf-Davelaar Titia
Published: September 2009

Web publishing and its technical possibilities, and the open access movement that has accompanied it, have resulted in a number of tendencies with mixed implications for scholarly communication. This article examines the impact of these changes in the field of the African studies, where the North-South divide in scientific publishing poses an additional challenge to the issues at stake. It looks at several initiatives taken by the Africanist scholarly community in the Netherlands to bridge the divide, in particular the establishment of a digital platform for African studies. It concludes that these initiatives are all geared towards redressing the balance and establishing open scholarly communication on an equal footing, but that true open access can only be achieved if practised both ways (by North and South) and not at the expense of academic quality standards. In addition, it requires the active commitment of each and every individual scholar. This commitment still needs to grow in Africanist circles.
Anaerobic Biodegradation Tests of Poly(lactic acid) under Mesophilic and Thermophilic Conditions Using a New Evaluation System for Methane Fermentation in Anaerobic Sludge
Authors: Yagi Hisaaki , Ninomiya Fumi , Funabashi Masahiro , Kunioka Masao
Published: September 2009

Anaerobic biodegradation tests of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) powder were done at the thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic temperature (35 °C) under aquatic conditions [total solid concentrations of the used sludge were 2.07% (at 55 °C) and 2.24% (at 35 °C)] using a newly developed evaluation system. With this system, the evolved biogas is collected in a gas sampling bag at atmospheric pressure. This method is more convenient than using a pressure transducer or inverted graduated cylinder submerged in water. PLA was degraded about 60% in 30 days, about 80% in 40 days and about 90% in 60 days at 55 °C. On the other hand, the PLA degradation started in 55 days at 35 °C and degradation rate was much slower than at 55 °C.
Two-Way Bending Properties of Shape Memory Composite with SMA and SMP
Authors: Tobushi Hisaaki , Hayashi Shunichi , Sugimoto Yoshiki , Date Kousuke
Published: September 2009

A shape memory composite (SMC) was fabricated with a shape memory alloy (SMA) and a shape memory polymer (SMP), and its two-way bending deformation and recovery force were investigated. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: (1) two kinds of SMA tapes which show the shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) were heat-treated to memorize the round shape. The shape-memorized round SMA tapes were arranged facing in the opposite directions and were sandwiched between the SMP sheets. The SMC belt can be fabricated by using the appropriate factors: the number of SMP sheets, the pressing force, the heating temperature and the hold time. (2) The twoway bending deformation with an angle of 56 degrees in the fabricated SMC belt is observed based on the SME and SE of the SMA tapes during heating and cooling. (3) If the SMC belt is heated and cooled by keeping the bent form, the recovery force increases during heating and degreases during cooling based on the two-way properties of the SMC. (4) The development and application of high-functional SMCs are expected by the combination of the SMA and the SMP with various kinds of phase transformation temperatures, volume fractions, configurations and heating-cooling rates.
A General Synthesis of C8-Arylpurine Phosphoramidites
Authors: Vongsutilers Vorasit , Daft Jonathan  R. , Shaughnessy Kevin  H. , Gannett Peter  M.
Published: September 2009

A general scheme for the synthesis of C8-arylpurine phosphoramidites has been developed. C8-Arylation of C8-bromo-2′-deoxyguanosine is the key step and has been achieved through the use of a Suzuki coupling. Since the coupling reaction is conducted under aqueous conditions, it is unnecessary to protect and then deprotect the hydroxyl groups, thus saving several steps and improving overall yields. Once the C8-arylgroup is introduced, the glycosidic bond becomes very sensitive to acid catalyzed cleavage. Protection of the amino groups as the corresponding N,N-dimethylformamidine derivative improves stability of the derivatives. Synthetic C8-arylpurines were successfully used to prepare synthetic oligonucleotides.
Detecting Specific Health-Related Events Using an Integrated Sensor System for Vital Sign Monitoring
Authors: Adnane Mourad , Jiang Zhongwei , Choi Samjin , Jang Hoyoung
Published: September 2009

In this paper, a new method for the detection of apnea/hypopnea periods in physiological data is presented. The method is based on the intelligent combination of an integrated sensor system for long-time cardiorespiratory signal monitoring and dedicated signal-processing packages. Integrated sensors are a PVDF film and conductive fabric sheets. The signal processing package includes dedicated respiratory cycle (RC) and QRS complex detection algorithms and a new method using the respiratory cycle variability (RCV) for detecting apnea/hypopnea periods in physiological data. Results show that our method is suitable for online analysis of long time series data.
Changes in Physiological Parameters Induced by Indoor Simulated Driving: Effect of Lower Body Exercise at Mid-Term Break
Authors: Liang Wen Chieh , Yuan John , Sun Deh Chuan , Lin Ming Han
Published: September 2009

The study monitored physiological parameter changes after 120-min of simulated driving. Blood pressures, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and palm temperatures were measured using an ANSWatch® monitor. Subjects were divided into two groups (A & B). Both groups performed 2-hour driving, but group B additionally took a 15-min exercise break. Heart rate, systolic pressure, LF/HF, and palm temperature decreased for group A after driving; for group B only HR and palm temperatures decreased. HRV and parasympathetic indices HF(AU) and HF(NU) increased for group A, while HRV and sympathetic index LF(AU) increased in group B. Group A had higher fatigue scores than group B. ANS activation may overcome some fatigue symptoms, but the recovery is nonetheless incomplete. Exercise break is proven to be an effective remedy, especially if accompanied by the ANS actions. The normalized parasympathetic index HF(NU), the normalized sympathetic index LF(NU), and the sympatho-vagal balance index LF/HF are three most promising parameters that could be further developed to monitor driver fatigue.
Silver(I) Ions Ultrasensitive Detection at Carbon Electrodes―Analysis of Waters, Tobacco Cells and Fish Tissues
Authors: Krizkova Sona , Krystofova Olga , Trnkova Libuse , Hubalek Jaromir , Adam Vojtech , Beklova Miroslava , Horna Ales , Havel Ladislav , Kizek Rene
Published: September 2009

We used carbon paste electrodes and a standard potentiostat to detect silver ions. The detection limit (3 Signal/Noise ratio) was estimated as 0.5 μM. A standard electrochemical instrument microanalysis of silver(I) ions was suggested. As a working electrode a carbon tip (1 mL) or carbon pencil was used. Limits of detection estimated by dilution of a standard were 1 (carbon tip) or 10 nM (carbon pencil). Further we employed flow injection analysis coupled with carbon tip to detect silver(I) ions released in various beverages and mineral waters. During first, second and third week the amount of silver(I) ions releasing into water samples was under the detection limit of the technique used for their quantification. At the end of a thirteen weeks long experiment the content of silver(I) ions was several times higher compared to the beginning of release detected in the third week and was on the order of tens of nanomoles. In subsequent experiments the influence of silver(I) ions (0, 5 and 10 μM) on a plant model system (tobacco BY-2 cells) during a fourday exposition was investigated. Silver(I) ions were highly toxic to the cells, which was revealed by a double staining viability assay. Moreover we investigated the effect of silver(I) ions (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.5 μM) on guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Content of Ag(I) increased with increasing time of the treatment and applied concentrations in fish tissues. It can be concluded that a carbon tip or carbon pencil coupled with a miniaturized potentiostat can be used for detection of silver(I) ions in environmental samples and thus represents a small, portable, low cost and easy-to-use instrument for such purposes.
Evolutionary Constraints to Viroid Evolution
Authors: Elena Santiago F. , Gómez Gustavo , Daròs José-Antonio
Published: September 2009

We suggest that viroids are trapped into adaptive peaks as the result of adaptive constraints. The first one is imposed by the necessity to fold into packed structures to escape from RNA silencing. This creates antagonistic epistases, which make future adaptive trajectories contingent upon the first mutation and slow down the rate of adaptation. This second constraint can only be surpassed by increasing genetic redundancy or by recombination. Eigen’s paradox imposes a limit to the increase in genome complexity in the absence of mechanisms reducing mutation rate. Therefore, recombination appears as the only possible route to evolutionary innovation in viroids.
On the functionalization of benzo[e][2,1]thiazine
Authors: Popov Kirill , Volovnenko Tatyana , Volovenko Julian
Published: September 2009

The reactions of benzo[e][2,1]thiazine-4-chloro-3-carbaldehydes1and benzo[e][2,1]thiazine-4-chloro-3-carbonitriles2with a number of oxidizing and reducing agents are reported. A number of new, highly functionalized benzo[e][2,1]thiazine derivatives having potential biological activity were synthesized and described.
Supporting formal education to improve quality of health care provided by mothers of children with malaria in rural western Kenya
Authors: Kakai Rose , Menya Diana , Odero Wilson
Published: September 2009

Background: Home management of malaria (HMM) has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing childhood mortality from malaria. The direct and especially indirect costs of seeking health care from formal facilities may be substantial, providing a major barrier for many households. Further evaluations of HMM and community-based utilization of available options will help to optimize treatment strategies and maximize health benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education, occupation, and family income on the choice of health care options for malaria.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study conducted between November 2007 and December 2007, using quantitative data collection methods. Mothers of children aged younger than five years were interviewed using a questionnaire to elicit responses on the mothers’ level of education, occupation, income and malaria health care options.
Results: A total of 240 mothers of children aged younger than 5 years were interviewed between November and December, 2007. There was a direct relationship between formal education and occupation. The mean monthly family income was highest among those employed (KSh. 14,421) followed by businesswomen (KSh. 3,106) and farmers (KSh. 1,827) respectively (p
Phenotypic characterization of nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA
Authors: Shrestha Bidya , Pokhrel Bharat M. , Mohapatra Tribhuban M.
Published: September 2009

Background: Apart from being a major cause of mortality, nosocomial infections due to Staphylococcus aureus have been imposing a burden on patients, hospitals and health care systems. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among nosocomial isolates along with their phenotypic characterization.
Methodology: MRSA and methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were determined by performing four different tests viz: disc diffusion, oxacillin screen agar test, MRSA latex agglutination test, and MIC of oxacillin by E test.
Results: Of the 149 S. aureus nosocomial isolates, 44.9% were MRSA, which included 82.1% of homogeneous MRSA and 17.9% of heterogeneous MRSA. Association of MRSA infection was found to be significantly higher in skin and lower respiratory tract infections. Of the MRSA isolates, 65 were multiresistant oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MORSA) and 2 were nonmultiresistant oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (NORSA). D tests performed on 136 isolates showed that Inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) and constitutive MLSB resistance were found to be associated with MRSA. On the contrary, susceptibility to both erythromycin and clindamycin was found to be associated with MSSA. However, MSB (macrolide-streptogramin B) resistance was not found associated either with MRSA or MSSA. Furthermore, both inducible and constitutive MLSB were found to be associated with only homogenous MRSA.
Conclusion: D tests may be made mandatory in all S. aureus isolates as inducible MLSB resistance cannot be detected in routine susceptibility test unless erythromycin and clindamycin are placed 15-26 mm apart.
Isolated ulcerative skin lesion caused by Salmonella Weltevreden
Authors: Desikan Prabha , Kumar Yashwant , Pande Hemant K. , Jain Aruna , Panwalkar Nikita , Verma Mayanka , Bramhne Hemant G. , Yadav Anand , Mohapatra Srikant
Published: September 2009

Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden is not a commonly isolated serotype in India. We report isolation of Salmonella Weltevreden, from an unusual site—an ulcer on the gluteal region of a patient who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. To our knowledge, Salmonellae have never been reported to cause isolated ulcerative lesions on the skin. This is the first report of an isolated ulcerative lesion on the skin caused by Salmonella Weltevreden. Our findings indicate that there may be modes of pathogenesis of Salmonella infections that we are yet unaware of. Further work and extensive reporting of all Salmonella infections are necessary to elucidate these mechanisms.
Detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in faecal matter: a novel presentation of disseminated cryptococcosis
Authors: Bava Amadeo Javier , Troncoso Alcides
Published: September 2009

This item has no abstract. Use the links below to access the full article.
Association of the X-Chromosomal GenesTIMP1andIL9Rwith Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: BURKHARDT JANA , PETIT-TEIXEIRA ELISABETH , TEIXEIRA VITOR HUGO , KIRSTEN HOLGER , GARNIER SOPHIE , RUEHLE SANDRA , OESER CHRISTIAN , WOLFRAM GRIT , SCHOLZ MARKUS , MIGLIORINI PAOLA , BALSA ALEJANDRO , WESTHOVENS RENÈ , BARRERA PILAR , ALVES HELENA , PASCUAL-SALCEDO DORA , BOMBARDIERI STEFANO , DEQUEKER JAN , RADSTAKE TIMOTHY R. , Van RIEL PIET , van de PUTTE LEO , BARDIN THOMAS , PRUM BERNARD , BUCHEGGER-PODBIELSKI ULRIKE , EMMRICH FRANK , MELCHERS INGA , CORNELIS FRANÇOIS , AHNERT PETER
Published: September 2009

Objective.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease with features of an autoimmune disease with female predominance. Candidate genes located on the X-chromosome were selected for a family trio-based association study.

Methods.

A total of 1452 individuals belonging to 3 different sample sets were genotyped for 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 7 genes. The first 2 sets consisted of 100 family trios, each of French Caucasian origin, and the third of 284 additional family trios of European Caucasian origin. Subgroups were analyzed according to sex of patient and presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) autoantibodies.

Results.

Four SNP were associated with RA in the first sample set and were genotyped in the second set. In combined analysis of sets 1 and 2, evidence remained for association of 3 SNP in the genesUBA1, TIMP1,andIL9R.These were again genotyped in the third sample set. Two SNP were associated with RA in the joint analysis of all samples: rs6520278 (TIMP1) was associated with RA in general (p = 0.035) and rs3093457 (IL9R) with anti-CCP-positive RA patients (p = 0.037) and male RA patients (p = 0.010). A comparison of the results with data from whole-genome association studies further supports an association of RA withTIMPLThe sex-specific association of rs3093457 (IL9R) was supported by the observation that men homozygous for rs3093457-CC are at a significantly higher risk to develop RA than women (risk ratio male/female = 2.98; p = 0.048).

Conclusion.

We provide evidence for an association of at least 2 X-chromosomal genes with RA:TIMP1(rs6520278) andIL9R(rs3093457).
The Minimally Important Difference for Patient Reported Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Including the HAQ-DI, Pain, Fatigue, and SF-36
Authors: COLANGELO KIM J. , POPE JANET E. , PESCHKEN CHRISTINE
Published: September 2009

Objective.

We studied patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1 clinical practice, and patients enrolled in the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus database, to determine the minimally important difference (MID) for pain, fatigue, sleep, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) and SF-36 Mental Component Score (MCS) using a patient-reported overall health status anchor.

Methods.

Patients with SLE who had 2 consecutive clinic visits and completed a HAQ-DI and a pain, fatigue, and sleep visual analog scale (VAS) (0–100), and an overall health status question: “How would you describe your overall status since your last visit?”: much better, better, the same, worse, or much worse were included. Those who self-rated as better or worse were considered the “minimally changed” subgroups. Patients with 2 consecutive annual visits in the 1000 Canadian Faces of Lupus database who completed the SF-36 and health transition question were eligible.

Results.

There were 202 patients in London, Ontario (94% women, mean age 50 yrs, mean disease duration 10 yrs). MID for better and worse on a VAS (0–100) were: pain (−15.8, 8.5), fatigue (−13.9, 9.1), and sleep problems (−8.6, 7.6). The MID for HAQ-DI (scale 0 to 3) was −0.08 (better) and 0.14 (worse). The MID for SF-36 was 2.1 (better) and −2.2 (worse) for the PCS and 2.4 (better) and −1.2 (worse) in the MCS.

Conclusion.

The MID in patients with SLE may be different bidirectionally depending on the measured outcome. The mean change observed for those reporting better than worse outcome in pain and fatigue was greater for better versus worst, in contrast to the HAQ, where the mean change was greater for worsening.
Integrated Circuits Testing: Remote Access to Test Equipment for Labs and Engineering
Authors: Latorre Laurent , Pradarelli Beatrice , Nouet Pascal
Published: September 2009

This paper concerns the local and remote use of an Integrated Circuits (IC) Automated Test Equipment (ATE) for both educational and engineering purposes. This experience was initiated in 1998 in the context of a French network (CNFM) in order to provide a distant control to industrial equipment for academic and industrial people. The actual shared resource is a Verigy V93K System on Chip (SoC) tester platform. The cost of such an equipment is close to 1Mâ?¬, without taking into account the maintenance and attached human resources expenses to make it work properly daily. Although the sharing of this equipment seems to be obvious for education, the French experience is quite a unique example in the world. Here, practical information regarding IC testing and network setup for remote access are detailed, together with the associated training program.
Fractal Analysis of the Solar Radiation in Mexico City
Authors: Urbano-Noriega J.E. , Morales-Matamoros O. , Hernández-Aguilar C.
Published: September 2009

The behavior of solar radiation fluctuations in Mexico City is analyzed under a fractal framework. We find that solar radiation fluctuations display an antipersistent long horizon behavior. It means that is more probable to observe less solar radiation in the following day, if there is a rising trend in solar radiation intensity, and vice versa.
Pneumatic Artificial Mini-Muscles Conception: Medical Robotics Applications
Authors: Díaz-Zagal S. , Gutiérrez-Estrada C. , Rendón-Lara E. , Abundez-Barrera I. , Pacheco-Sánchez J.H.
Published: September 2009

Actually, the pneumatic artificial muscles of McKibben type [1] show a great functional similarity with the skeletal muscle. A detailed analysis of the system has been performed to better characterize this similarity with the analogous dynamic behavior of the organic system. Such analysis has shown that the McKibben-type artificial muscle can be adapted to the Hill fundamental model [2]. Research regarding pneumatic artificial muscle with application to robotics has recently focused on mini-actuators for miniaturized robotics systems. This is specially true in the area of medical robotics, but an extension of miniactuator technology to other applications may be feasible, such as the development of artificial fine-motion limbs (hands and/or fingers). The present work details the artificial muscle miniaturization process developed in the LESIA laboratory, their behavior, their position and force control characteristics, as well as the possible applications of this technology to medical robotics.
Superfast Sintering of Nanocrystalline Y2O3 Ceramics
Authors: Zheng Xia , Fu Zheng Yi , Zhang Jin Yong , Wang Wei Min , Wang Hao , Wang Yu Cheng , Lee Soo Wohn , Niihara Koichi
Published: September 2009

Dense nanocrystalline Y2O3 ceramics without grain growth have been successfully obtained by a new method, which is based on the self-propagating high temperature synthesis and quick pressing. A suitable self-propagating system with a maximum combustion temperature of 1350 °C and a heating rate of 1300 °C/min was chosen as a chemical furnace to supply the heat to densify nanocrystalline Y2O3. Dense samples without grain growth were obtained when the applied pressure was 120 MPa.
The Effect of Particle Morphology and Particle Size Distribution on the Property of Slip Casting SiC
Authors: Deng Ming Jin , Wu Qi De , Ji Xiao Li , Li Na , Hua Chun Song
Published: September 2009

The 1.2µm and 100µm silicon carbide were prepared by the process of reshaping and classification. The effect of particle morphology and particle size distribution of silicon carbide on tap density, green body density and apparent viscosity of slurry were analysized. The result showed that the particle size distribution closed to normal distribution and the particle morphology closed to spherical were the main cause that leads to the lower apparent viscosity and the higher density of the green body.
The Rheological Characterization of the Writing Performance of Carbon Black Gel Ink
Authors: Qian Ji Jun , Chen Ai Ping , Liu Zhong Xin , Li Chun Zhong
Published: September 2009

The rheological properties of carbon black gel ink were investigated by measurement the relationship between shear stress and shear rate. The fitting to the common rheological curve of gel ink with Hersegel-Bulkley equation was introduced. And the rheological parameters used to characterize the writing properties of gel ink were proposed. The results indicated that the gel ink system possessed strong shear-thinning ability. And the writing performance of the gel ink could be characterized with rheological parameters comprehensively.
Nickel Induced Lateral Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Film by Electroless Planting
Authors: Li Wei , Xia Dong Lin , Song Ming Xia , Zhang Zhen Zhong , Ni Jia Miao , Zhao Xiu Jian
Published: September 2009

A novel deposition way of nickel film for crystallization amorphous silicon film is introduced. Electroless nickel planting is a convenient and inexpensive way to deposit nickel without using the electric field or any large facility. A 200 nm nickel film is deposited on the glass substrates and then a 300nm a-Si film is deposited on the nickel film with a horizontal electric field assisted to enhance amorphous silicon crystallization. The bi-layer film is annealed at 500°C for several hours in the nitrogen atmosphere. The crystallized Si thin films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The Raman demonstrates that the a-Si has been crystallized. Furthermore the FE-SEM shows the lateral crystalline morphology, the length of grain is up to 5µm and the EDS reveals the nickel distribution in the MILC and MIC area.
Study on the Oxidation Resistance of 316 Stainless Steel Nano-Powder Prepared by Ball-Milling Method
Authors: Chen Wen Yi , Zhou Jian , Liu Ying
Published: September 2009

316 stainless steel nano-grain powders were prepared by high-energy ball-milling method. The evolutions of grain size and microstructure of the stainless steel powders with the change of ball-milling conditions were investigated by XRD, SEM. DSC method was used to analyze the oxidation resistance of the powders after ball milling. The law of the change in oxidation weight gain and DSC oxidation peak of samples at the different heating rates were analyzed. Oxidation kinetics studies showed that the oxidant resistance of 316 stainless steel nano-crystalline powder was improved, the activation energy of oxidation reaction increased.
Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi-Doped Mg2Si Nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Mei Jun , Luo Wei Jun , Shen Qiang , Jiang Hong Yi , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: September 2009

Nanocomposites and heavy doping both are regarded as effective way to improve materials’ thermoelectric properties. 0.7at% Bi-doped Mg2Si nanocomposites were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Results of thermoelectric properties tests show that the doping of Bi atom effectively improves the electrical conductivity of Mg2Si，and the nanocomposite structures are helpful to reduce thermal conductivity and increase Seebeck coefficient, hence improving the thermoelectric performance. A maximum dimensionless figure of merit of 0.8 is obtained for the Bi-doped Mg2Si nanocomposite with 50 wt % nanopowder inclusions at 823K, about 63% higher than that of Bi-doped Mg2Si sample without nanopowder inclusions and 119% higher than that of microsized Mg2Si sample without Bi-doped, respectively.
Controlled Synthesize of BaTiO3 Nanoparticles and BaCO3 Nanowires through the Reverse Micelle System
Authors: Deng Zhao , Dai Ying , Chen Wen
Published: September 2009

Single-crystalline BaTiO3 nanoparticles and BaCO3 nanowires were synthesized respectively through the use of a reverse micelle as a medium in the same Oleic acid/n-octane/H2O system, by changing the H2O2 dosage. Both the phase composition and the morphology can be controled. The samples derived were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The formation mechanism has been fully discussed.
Impact of Carbon Nanotube Aspect Ratio and Dispersion on Epoxy Nanocomposite Performance
Authors: Shen Shirley Zhiqi , Bateman Stuart , Huynh Chi , Dell'Olio Mel , Hawkins Stephen , Yang Wei Dong , Yang Qiang Yuan , Cai Ke Feng
Published: September 2009

This paper compared the effect of aspect ratios and dispersions of carbon nanotubes (CNT) made in CSIRO, with a broad range of aspect ratios with similar dimensions in diameter, on the electric conductivity, rheology and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of multi-wall nanotubes (MWNT)/epoxy nanocomposites. A medium aspect ratio seems to be the most effective in conductive network formation in epoxy matrix and also provide best storage modulus of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites under providing processing conditions.
The Effect of Water-Soluble Plasticizer on Barren Raw Material Hard Plastic Extruding Course
Authors: Ji Xiao Li , Wei Lei , Wu Qi De , Xu Fe
Published: September 2009

In hard plastic extruding course, the frictional resistance among particles and between the particles and mould make the extruding pressure 4 to 20 times larger than soft-plastic extruding. This paper study the plasticizer mechanism of water-soluble plasticizer in hard plastic extruding course, and emphasize that in this course the plasticizer liquid film not only have good combination with ceramic particle, but also has high yield strength so that the plasticizer liquid film is difficult to slide and be pulled thin. The compound usage of different plasticizers which can improve the effect of plasticizer enhances the quality of the final molding body.
The Effect of Particle Size on the Electromechanical Properties of PZT/PVDF
Authors: Liu Xiao Fang , Sun Hua Jun , Wei Ming , Xiong C.X.
Published: September 2009

The Nb modified PZT piezoelectric ceramic was synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction, where all of different particle sizes had the same physical properties. 0-3 modified PZT/PVDF composites were formed by hot-pressing method. The particle size effect of modified PZT on the relative dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the composites were investigated. The relative dielectric constant εr, piezoelectric constant d33 and electromechanical coupling factor kp were higher in the composite containing larger PZT particle size. The microstructures of the composites were studied by SEM, the composite with the finer PZT particle size was more homogeneous, but larger particle size was easy to be contacted. In a high volume fraction particle-loaded composite, some piezoelectric ceramic particle appeared to be in contact, as in a 1-3 connectivity pattern. The larger particle size of modified PZT itself could be seen as the grain of modified PZT contact in a 1-3 connectivity pattern and easy to be contacted each other compared to the finer particle size in the composites, thus reducing the resistance of the composites and the poling process became effective, which led to higher properties. The optimal particle size of PZT is about 100μm, the Nb modified PZT/PVDF (volume fraction 70/30) composite show higher dielectric and piezoelectric properties than the others, εr=156.6, d33=69pC/N and kp=0.358.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Functional Gradient Syntactic Foam
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Qin Yan , Huang Zhi Xiong , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lian Meng
Published: September 2009

Low density syntactic foam monolayer slices, which were made of epoxy resin matrix and plastic microballoons (MB), were fabricated by rolling process with thickness controlled at 200μm. Density of monolayer slice ranges from 0.500g/cm3 to 0.996g/cm3 and it is designed to fit power law equation. The volume percentage of plastic microballoons in the monolayer pellets varies from 16.61% to 58.06%. The slices were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and measurement of density and sound wave velocity. The density, glass transition temperature and acoustic impedance were observed to vary with the volume percentage of plastic microballoons in the composite. Graded syntactic foams were fabricated by stacking slices of different density in a sequence of density gradient and the slices were bound together with adhesive made of epoxy resin-hardener under the pressure of 5MPa.
Structure and Property of Ti-Al-C/TiB2 Composite Ceramics
Authors: Min Xin Min , Xu Gang , Mei Bing Chu
Published: September 2009

The relations between composition, electronic structure, chemical bond and property of composites of Ti3AlC2/TiB2, Ti2AlC/TiB2 and related single phases of Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlCas well as TiB2 are studied by the first principle methods. There are strong ionic and covalent interactions among the interfaces of the composites. The interactions among the interfaces, the whole ionic and covalent bond of Ti3AlC2/TiB2 are stronger than those of Ti2AlC/TiB2. The results are consistent with the result of experiment that the mechanics property of Ti3AlC2/TiB2 is better than that of Ti2AlC/TiB2.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of La4BaCu5-xNixO13+δ (x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Authors: Huang Xue Hui , Chen Hao , Wu Ting Ting
Published: September 2009

A series of perovskite-like catalusts La4BaCu5-xNixO13＋δ (x=0,1,2,3,4,5) were prepared by the citrate method, the structures, forms, properties, and defect structures were studied by means of XRD, SEM, BET and TPD measurements. Meanwhile, their catalytic activities were evaluated by the studying of CO, CH4 oxidation. La4BaCu2Ni3O13+δ shows the highest catalytic activity.
Synthesis of Ultra-Fine ZrB2 Powder by Borothermal Reaction under High Heating Rate
Authors: Sun Ge , Wang Hao , Wang Wei Min , Wang Yu Cheng , Fu Zheng Yi
Published: September 2009

Ultra-fine zirconium diboride (ZrB2) powders have been synthesized by borothermal reduction reaction, using zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2•8H2O) as the precursors of zirconia. The thermodynamic variation in the amorphous ZrO2-B system was studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The precursors containing amorphous ZrO2 and B were heat-treated under a high heating rate. It is shown that the borothermal reaction can be completed at a relatively low temperature (~950 °C) and short duration (~5 min) under a heating rate of 200 °C/min. The synthesized powders have an average crystalline size of 300 nm with oxygen content less than 2.62 wt%.
Nano Engineered Organic-Inorganic Material Systems for Photovoltaics
Authors: Adikaari A.A.D.T. , Dissanayake D.M.N.M. , Mudugamuwa N.K. , Silva S.R.P.
Published: September 2009

Organic-inorganic photovoltaic systems which attempt to integrate benefits of both material types in terms of ease of fabrication, stability and efficiency are reviewed. Three broad categories; inorganic-small molecule systems, carbon naotube incorporated organic photovoltaics and nanostructured organic surfaces-based photovoltaics have been discussed with reference to recent literature. Nanocrystal-organic systems are designed to improve broadband photon collection possibilty, nanostructred organic surfaces-based systems attempt to enhance exciton dissociation at the increased area interface. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes in donor-acceptor type photovoltaic systems have been shown as a technique to mitigate drawbacks from short carrier diffusion lengths of organic materials. The concepts present new opportunities for complex photovoltaic systems, which need to be cheap, large area and efficient in order to arrive at an economically viable level for mass uptake.
Influence of Nano Silica Coating on the Functional Properties of Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Sasipriya K. , Gobi N. , Palanivelu R. , Ramachandran T.V. , Rajendran V.
Published: September 2009

Coating of nanoparticles on fabrics provides huge potential applications in textile industry. The microencapsulation process is used to encapsulate the nanosilica particles which is used to coat on the surface of fabrics and to observe the special properties such as anti-bacterial, wrinkle resistance, etc. The amorphous nano silica particles were prepared from the natural resources through chemical route. The encapsulated nano silica was prepared using sodium alginate as a wall material by the coacervation method. The prepared sample was coated on the surface of the fabrics by pad-dry-cure method. The anti-bacterial studies were carried out for the nano silica coated and uncoated fabrics and the results would demonstrate the antibacterial effectiveness of treated cotton fabrics. The basic properties like tensile strength, tear strength, air permeability, crease recovery and whiteness index have been analysed for the coated and uncoated fabrics.
Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Nanocrystallized Iron Based Metallic Glass
Authors: Srivastava A.P. , Srinivas M. , Sharma S. , Srivastava Dinesh , Majumdar B. , Pujari P.K. , Dey G.K. , Suresh K.G.
Published: September 2009

Amorphous ribbons of composition Fe68.5Cu1Nb3Si18.5B9 were produced by melt spun unit. Positron annihilation technique along with DSC and XRD studies has been employed to characterize the nanocrystallization process. XRD results confirmed presence of Fe3Si and Fe2B phases. Two life time components could be fitted to life time spectra of amorphous and heat treated samples. Life time of positron in amorphous matrix was found to be 163.3 ps. Small life time components in nanocrystallized samples could be ascribed to positron annihilation within amorphous and nanocrystalline particles. Larger life time component could be attributed to positron annihilation in interfaces associated with primary and secondary phase particles.
Nanocrystallization of Cobalt Based Metallic Glass
Authors: Srivastava A.P. , Srivastava Dinesh , Suresh K.G. , Dey G.K.
Published: September 2009

Effect of copper addition in a Metallic glass 2714A on the nanocrystallization characteristics have been examined in this study. Amorphous ribbon of the alloy composition Co64.5 Fe3.5 Si16.5 B13.5 Ni1Cu1 were prepared by melt spinning technique. Nanocrystallization kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimeter technique. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy and Avrami exponent were determined using two different non-isothermal analysis methods. The kinetic behavior of individual crystallization event has been rationalized on the basis of these results. The role of addition of copper on the crystallization behavior has been understood by comparing with Metallic glass 2714A. The isothermally annealed nanocrystallized microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Cryogenically Synthesized Mechanically Alloyed Calcia Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Prasad Raja Ram , Daniel B.S. Sunder
Published: September 2009

Precursor powder of calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) with 4, 7 and 15 wt % was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) in cryogenic conditions. The phase evolution of the precursor powders over 100 hours of MA was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction technique. Cylindrical shaped sensor elements of the calcined powders were fabricated in a uniaxial press followed by sintering at 15000C for 3 hours. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the microstructure of the sintered pellets. The co-relation between material compositions, microstructure of the sinter pellets and the electrical properties of the sensors are discussed.