bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stellar Variability in a Forming Massive Star Cluster
Authors: Cheng Yu , Andersen Morten , Tan Jonathan
Published: July 2020

We present a near-infrared (NIR) variability analysis for a 6′ × 6′ region, which encompasses the massive protocluster G286.21+0.17. The total sample comprises more than 5000 objects, of which 562 show signs of a circumstellar disk based on their infrared colors. The data includes Hubble Space Telescope observations taken in two epochs separated by 3 yr in the F110W and F160W bands. 363 objects (7% of the sample) exhibit NIR variability at a significant level (Stetson index >1.7), and a higher variability fraction (14%) is found for the young stellar objects with disk excesses. We identified four high amplitude (>0.6 mag) variables seen in both NIR bands. Follow-up and archival observations of the most variable object in this survey (G286.2032+0.1740) reveal a rising light curve over 8 yr from 2011 to 2019, with a K band brightening of 3.5 mag. Overall the temporal behavior of G286.2032+0.1740 resembles that of typical FU Ori objects; however, its pre-burst luminosity indicates it has a very low mass (<0.12 M
⊙), making it an extreme case of an outburst event that is still ongoing.
Properties of Galactic B[e] Supergiants. V. 3 Pup–Constraining the Orbital Parameters and Modeling the Circumstellar Environments
Authors: Miroshnichenko A. S. , Danford S. , Zharikov S. V. , Klochkova V. G. , Chentsov E. L. , Vanbeveren D. , Zakhozhay O. V. , Manset N. , Pogodin M. A. , Omarov C. T. , Kuratova A. K. , Khokhlov S. A.
Published: July 2020

We report the results of long-term spectroscopic monitoring of the A-type supergiant with the B[e] phenomenon 3 Pup = HD 62623. We confirm earlier findings that it is a binary system. The orbital parameters were derived using cross-correlation of the spectra in a range of 4460–4632 Å, which contains over 30 absorption lines. The orbit was found to be circular with a period of 137.4 ± 0.1 days, radial velocity semiamplitude K
1 = 5.0 ± 0.8 km s−1, systemic radial velocity γ = +26.4 ± 2.0 km s−1, and mass function

M
⊙. The object may have evolved from a pair with initial masses of ∼6.0

and ∼3.6 M
⊙ with an initial orbital period of ∼5 days. Based on the fundamental parameters of the A-supergiant (luminosity log L/L
⊙ = 4.1 ± 0.1 and effective temperature T
eff = 8500 ± 500 K) and evolutionary tracks of mass-transferring binaries, we found current masses of the gainer M
2 = 8.8 ± 0.5 M
⊙ and donor M
1 = 0.75 ± 0.25 M
⊙. We also modeled the object’s IR-excess and derived a dust mass of ∼5  × 10−5
M
⊙ in the optically thin dusty disk. The orbital parameters and properties of the Hα line profile suggest that the circumstellar gaseous disk is predominantly circumbinary. The relatively low mass of the gainer led us to a suggestion that 3 Pup should be excluded from the B[e] supergiant group and moved to the FS CMa group. Overall these results further support our original suggestion that FS CMa objects are binary systems, where an earlier mass transfer caused formation of the circumstellar envelope.
Imaging the 511 keV Positron Annihilation Sky with COSI
Authors: Siegert Thomas , Boggs Steven E. , Tomsick John A. , Zoglauer Andreas C. , Kierans Carolyn A. , Sleator Clio C. , Beechert Jacqueline , Brandt Theresa J. , Jean Pierre , Lazar Hadar , Lowell Alex W. , Roberts Jarred M. , Ballmoos Peter von
Published: July 2020

The balloon-borne Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) had a successful 46-day flight in 2016. The instrument is sensitive to photons in the energy range 0.2–5 MeV. Compton telescopes have the advantage of a unique imaging response and provide the possibility of strong background suppression. With its high-purity germanium detectors, COSI can precisely map γ-ray line emission. The strongest persistent and diffuse γ-ray line signal is the 511 keV emission line from the annihilation of electrons with positrons from the direction of the Galactic center. While many sources have been proposed to explain the amount of positrons,

, the true contributions remain unsolved. In this study, we aim at imaging the 511 keV sky with COSI and pursue a full-forward modeling approach, using a simulated and binned imaging response. For the strong instrumental background, we describe an empirical approach to take the balloon environment into account. We perform two alternative methods to describe the signal: Richardson–Lucy deconvolution, an iterative method toward the maximum likelihood solution, and model fitting with predefined emission templates. Consistently with both methods, we find a 511 keV bulge signal with a flux between 0.9 and

, confirming earlier measurements, and also indications of more extended emission. The upper limit we find for the 511 keV disk,

, is consistent with previous detections. For large-scale emission with weak gradients, coded aperture mask instruments suffer from their inability to distinguish isotropic emission from instrumental background, while Compton telescopes provide a clear imaging response, independent of the true emission.
Selection of Massive Evolved Galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 4.5 in the CANDELS Fields
Authors: Shahidi Abtin , Mobasher Bahram , Nayyeri Hooshang , Hemmati Shoubaneh , Wiklind Tommy , Chartab Nima , Dickinson Mark , Finkelstein Steven L , Pacifici Camilla , Papovich Casey , Ferguson Henry C. , Fontana Adriano , Giavalisco Mauro , Koekemoer Anton , Newman Jeffery , Sattari Zahra , Somerville Rachel
Published: July 2020

Using the CANDELS photometric catalogs for the Hubble Space Telescope/ACS and WFC3, we identified massive evolved galaxies at 3 < z < 4.5 employing three different selection methods. We find the comoving number density of these objects to be ∼2 × 10−5 and 8 × 10−6 Mpc−3 after correction for completeness for two redshift bins centered at z = 3.4, 4.7. We quantify a measure of how much confidence we should have for each candidate galaxy from different selections and what the conservative error estimates propagated into our selection are. Then we compare the evolution of the corresponding number densities and their stellar mass density with numerical simulations, semianalytical models, and previous observational estimates, which shows slight tension at higher redshifts as the models tend to underestimate the number and mass densities. By estimating the average halo masses of the candidates (M

h
 ≈ 4.2, 1.9, and 1.3 × 1012
M
⊙ for redshift bins centered at z = 3.4, 4.1, and 4.7), we find them to be consistent with halos that were efficient in turning baryons to stars, relatively immune to the feedback effects, and on the verge of transition into hot-mode accretion. This can suggest the relative cosmological starvation of the cold gas followed by an overconsumption phase in which the galaxy rapidly consumes the available cold gas as one of the possible drivers for the quenching of the massive evolved population at high redshift.
Long-term Near-infrared Brightening of Nonvariable OH/IR Stars
Authors: Kamizuka Takafumi , Nakada Yoshikazu , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Ohsawa Ryou , Ita Yoshifusa , Izumiura Hideyuki , Mito Hiroyuki , Onozato Hiroki , Asano Kentaro , Ueta Toshiya , Miyata Takashi
Published: July 2020

Nonvariable OH/IR stars are thought to have just left the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. In this conventional picture, they must still show strong circumstellar extinction caused by the dust ejected during the AGB phase, and the extinction is expected to decrease over time because of the dispersal of the circumstellar dust after the cessation of stellar mass loss. The reduction of extinction makes the stars become apparently brighter and bluer with time, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) range. We look for such long-term brightening of nonvariable OH/IR stars by using 2MASS, UKIDSS, and OAOWFC survey data. As such, we obtain multiepoch NIR data taken over a 20 yr period (1997–2017) for 6 of 16 nonvariable OH/IR stars, and all 6 objects are found to be brightening. The K-band brightening rate of five objects ranges from 0.010 to 0.130 mag yr−1, which is reasonably explained with the conventional picture. However, one OH/IR star, OH 31.0−0.2, shows a rapid brightening, which cannot be explained only by the dispersal of the dust shell. Multicolor (J-, H-, and K-band) data are obtained for three objects, OH 25.1−0.3, OH 53.6−0.2, and OH 77.9+0.2. Surprisingly, none of them appears to have become bluer, and OH 53.6−0.2 is found to have reddened at a rate of 0.013 mag yr−1 in (J – K). Our findings suggest other mechanisms such as rapid changes in stellar properties (temperature or luminosity) or a generation of a new batch of dust grains.
Estimating the Energy Dissipation from Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability Induced Turbulence in Oscillating Coronal Loops
Authors: Hillier Andrew , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Karampelas Konstantinos
Published: July 2020

Kelvin–Helmholtz instability induced turbulence is one promising mechanism by which loops in the solar corona can be heated by MHD waves. In this Letter we present an analytical model of the dissipation rate of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability induced turbulence ε
D, finding it scales as the wave amplitude (d) to the third power (ε
D ∝ d
3). Based on the concept of steady-state turbulence, we expect the turbulence heating throughout the volume of the loop to match the total energy injected through its footpoints. In situations where this holds, the wave amplitude has to vary as the cube-root of the injected energy. Comparing the analytic results with those of simulations shows that our analytic formulation captures the key aspects of the turbulent dissipation from the numerical work. Applying this model to the observed characteristics of decayless kink waves we predict that the amplitudes of these observed waves are insufficient to turbulently heat the solar corona.
Owlflies from Jordan (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae)
Authors: Monnerat Christian , Ábrahám Levente
Published: July 2020

The authors publish faunistic data on 48 owlfly specimens from Jordan, where only two species were known in the past. Four species (Ascalaphus festivus,Deleproctophylla variegata, Iranoidricerus cf. iranensis,Stylascalaphus krueperi) are new records for Jordan and the two previously recorded species (Bubopsis andromache,Bubopsis hamata) are confirmed. We present an annotated bibliography, the global distribution and information on the life history of each six species. The material reviewed in three collections also provides the first mention ofDeleproctophylla variegatafor Afghanistan.
Betting the farm: A review of Ball Python and other reptile trade from Togo, West Africa
Authors: D'Cruze Neil , Harrington Lauren A. , Assou Délagnon , Green Jennah , Macdonald David W. , Ronfot Delphine , Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto Gabriel , Auliya Mark
Published: July 2020

Our review of the CITES trade database confirmed that the ball python is the most exported species by Togo; with 1,657,814 live individuals – comprising 60% of all live reptiles – reported by importing countries since 1978 (almost 55,000 annually since 1992). In total, 99% of the ball pythons legally exported from Togo under CITES were intended for commercial use, presumably as exotic pets. Since the turn of the century, wild-sourced snakes exported from Togo have been largely replaced with ranched snakes, to the extent that in the last 10 years 95% of these live exports were recorded using CITES source code “R” with the majority destined for the USA. We found discrepancies in the CITES trade database that suggest ball python exports were consistently underestimated by Togo and that both ranched and wild-sourced ball python annual quotas have been exceeded on multiple occasions including as recently as 2017. Furthermore, our field visits to seven of these “python farms” revealed that they are also involved in the commercial trade in at least 46 other reptile species, including eight that are already involved in formal CITES trade reviews due to concerns regarding their sustainability and legality. Ranching operations in West Africa were once thought to provide a degree of protection for the ball python; however, in light of recent research, there is growing concern that ranching may not confer any significant net conservation benefits. Further scrutiny and research are required to ensure the long-term survival of wild ball python and other reptile species populations in Togo.
Healthcare Utilization and Costs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Disease Severity in the United States
Authors: Murimi-Worstell Irene B. , Lin Dora H. , Kan Hong , Tierce Jonothan , Wang Xia , Nab Henk , Desta Barnabas , Alexander G. Caleb , Hammond Edward R.
Published: July 2020

Objective.

To quantify healthcare utilization and costs by disease severity for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the United States.

Methods.

We conducted descriptive analyses of Humedica electronic health record (EHR) data from 2011 to 2015 (utilization analysis) and integrated Optum administrative claims/Humedica EHR data from 2012 to 2015 (cost analysis) for patients with SLE. All-cause utilization outcomes examined were hospitalizations, outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and prescription drug use. Analyses of costs stratified by disease severity were limited to patients enrolled in an Optum-participating health insurance plan for ≥ 1 year after the earliest observed SLE diagnosis date. Costs were converted to 2016 US dollars (US$).

Results.

Healthcare utilization was evaluated in 17,257 patients with SLE. Averaged over the 2011–2015 study period, 13.7% of patients had ≥ 1 hospitalization per year, 25.7% had ≥ 1 ED visit, and 94.4% had ≥ 1 outpatient visit. Utilization patterns were generally similar across each year studied. Annually, 88.0% of patients had ≥ 1 prescription, including 1.3% who used biologics. Biologic treatment doubled between 2011 (0.7%) and 2015 (1.4%). Cost analyses included 397 patients. From 2012 to 2015, patients with severe SLE had mean annual costs of $52,951, compared with $28,936 and $21,052 for patients with moderate and mild SLE, respectively. Patients with severe SLE had increased costs in all service categories: inpatient, ED, clinic/office visits, and pharmacy.

Conclusion.

Patients from the US with SLE, especially individuals with moderate or severe disease, utilize significant healthcare resources and incur high medical costs.
Effect of Laser Moxibustion for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Multisite, Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhao Ling , Cheng Ke , Wu Fan , Du Jiong , Chen Yue , Tan Ming T. , Lao Lixing , Shen Xueyong
Published: July 2020

Objective.

To examine the effects of laser moxibustion on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

A double-blind randomized clinical trial (4-week treatment, 20-week follow-up) was conducted. A total of 392 symptomatic knee OA patients with moderate to severe clinically significant knee pain were randomly assigned to laser treatment or sham laser control group (1:1). Twelve sessions of laser moxibustion or sham laser treatments on the acupuncture points at the affected knee(s) were performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measurement was change in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score from baseline to Week 4.

Results.

Among the 392 randomized participants, 364 (92.86%) completed the trial. The median WOMAC pain score decreased significantly at Week 4 in the active group than in the sham group (2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.6, P < 0.01). At Week 24, compared to the sham laser, active laser treatment resulted in significant pain reduction and function improvement (3.0, 95% CI 2.5–3.6, P < 0.01, and 14.8, 95% CI 11.9–17.6, P < 0.01, respectively). The physical component of the quality of life significantly improved in the active group vs the sham controls at Week 4 (3.2, 95% CI 1.3–5.0, P = 0.001) up to Week 24 (5.1, 95% CI 3.3–7.0, P < 0.001). No serious adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion.

Laser moxibustion resulted in statistically and clinically significant pain reduction and function improvement following a 4-week treatment in patients with knee OA.
L’analyse des pratiques professionnelles : quelques repères
Authors: Chami Jean
Published: July 2020

Cette note de synthèse propose un regard longitudinal sur l’analyse de pratiques professionnelles durant ces trente dernières années (1990-2020). Un constat s’impose : le succès incontestable de ces activités dans tous les domaines et d’autre part un manque d’intelligibilité globale qui fait apparaître ce champ comme très éclaté. Cette note se propose de parcourir le périmètre de ces pratiques, de dégager les principales tendances évolutives dominantes, leurs ancrages théoriques et d’essayer de dégager une spécificité et une cohésion propres à ce champ. La professionnalisation est repérée comme fonction centrale et privilégiée de ces approches. Les concepts de pratique et d’analyse sont particulièrement interrogés dans leur capacité à assurer la cohésion de ce champ, ainsi que la notion de dispositif. La spécificité des analyses de pratiques est aperçue dans leur capacité à problématiser les expériences par une exposition, une élaboration, une transformation, une communication à autrui.
En quête de légitimité(s). Retour sur un dispositif de formation continue de professionnels de l’animation
Authors: Bézille Hélène , Divert Nicolas , Lebon Francis
Published: July 2020

Bien que ce secteur d’activité soit souvent présenté comme transitoire et précaire, des professionnels investissent l’animation et y font carrière via le recours aux diplômes professionnels préparés dans le cadre de la formation continue. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à des personnels de l’animation engagés dans une double diplomation mêlant un diplôme professionnel et une première année de Master. Ils s’engagent alors dans une expérience de formation inédite pour eux, qui mobilise une pratique réflexive individuelle et collective organisée et étayée sur l’écriture, les échanges et les apports des cours. Ce dispositif en permettant une reprise réflexive d’expériences scolaires, familiales, professionnelles, rend visible « chemin faisant », des enjeux très puissants autour de ce que nous nommons « la montée en légitimité », tant dans l’univers du travail que dans le registre symbolique, en accédant à des savoirs et à des diplômes qui pouvaient leur sembler inaccessibles.
Les apprentissages mutuels des particuliers employeurs et des salariés au domicile
Authors: Wittorski Richard , Clénet Catherine , Obertelli Patrick , Tocqueville Mélanie , Finot Jean Paul , Loury Audrey
Published: July 2020

Dans le contexte de l’emploi direct à domicile, cet article vise à présenter les principaux résultats d’une recherche portant sur les apprentissages mutuels entre particuliers employeurs et salariés, particulièrement des assistants de vie et employés familiaux. Au-delà de la représentation courante consistant à affirmer que les métiers du domicile sont « simples » et réalisables avec des « qualités personnelles », ils recèlent au contraire une véritable technicité mobilisant des compétences complexes à la fois d’organisation du travail et des différents espaces-temps que traversent les salariées au fil de leur expérience (notamment dans les situations de multi-employeur) et des compétences d’adaptation à des situations très variées conduisant à faire en permanence des choix et à se fixer des priorités.
La démocratie sanitaire : une réponse néocorporatiste française à la demande de participation
Authors: Chigot Valérie
Published: July 2020

La participation des usagers aux réflexions sur le système de santé s’est institutionnalisée depuis les grandes crises sanitaires des années 1980/1990. Communément désignée sous le nom de démocratie sanitaire, cette participation, organisée par l’État via les associations de patients, familles, consommateurs, retraités et personnes en situation de handicap, s’est organisée en France sous une forme néocorporatiste. Tentant d’abord de s’affranchir du pouvoir traditionnellement paternaliste de la profession médicale, les associations sont ensuite entrées dans des instances autrefois paritaires, comme les caisses d’Assurance maladie, suscitant des oppositions de certains syndicats de salariés et professionnels médicaux. Certains considèrent que, par la figuration de l’usager en consommateur la démocratie sanitaire accélère la mise en marché du système de santé. Mais la prépondérance des associations de malades et de personnes en situation de handicap au sein de la représentation centralisée des usagers la protège pour l’instant d’une orientation purement consumériste. La représentation des usagers par les associations, qui recrutent principalement dans les classes moyennes et éduquées, sa centralisation et sa professionnalisation produisent des angles morts, en particulier en ce qui concerne la défense des usagers en situation de précarité. Enfin, l’indépendance politique et financière de la représentation, et plus particulièrement envers l’État est loin d’être achevée, compromettant sa crédibilité.
Prise de parole par correspondance : les échanges épistolaires des ouvriers saint-simoniens au XIX e siècle
Authors: Caputo Dalila Hellis
Published: July 2020

L’article développe une réflexion sur la relation entre travail et langage à partir de l’analyse d’une pratique sociale d’écriture mise en œuvre par des ouvriers au xix e  siècle. Le corpus de cette analyse comprend les échanges épistolaires du menuisier saint-simonien Louis Gabriel Gauny, poète et philosophe « plébéien », découvert et ainsi défini par Jacques Rancière, avec d’autres poètes-ouvriers de cette communauté. Genre à la fois intime et public au xix e  siècle, en particulier parmi les ouvriers saint-simoniens, la correspondance permet à la fois un travail quotidien sur le langage et une mise en scène du rapport du travailleur à son métier. Cet espace ordinaire d’écriture, par ailleurs codé, interagit avec une forme d’expression moins ordinaire, telle que la poésie, pour raconter leur vie et leurs aspirations artistiques. Leur façon d’employer la parole écrite est influencée par une pensée pratique acquise et développée au travail. L’interaction épistolaire montre aussi un travail d’écriture en collaboration et de construction d’un langage privé. En altérant le sens des mots, la parole ouvrière se donne à voir sans se dévoiler entièrement.
Climate Change and Mental Health: Implications for Nurses
Authors: Kameg Brayden N.
Published: July 2020

Climate change has received public health attention over the past 3 decades. It is well established that climate change is associated with myriad health issues, but less has been mentioned in public health discourse about the impacts of climate change on population mental health. The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of the impacts of climate change on mental health, and to discuss opportunities for mental health nurses to reduce health problems related to climate change. Acute events and chronic consequences of climate change can impact mental health outcomes and contribute to depressive disorders, anxiety, and trauma-related disorders. The nursing profession must be prepared to address climate change to promote best health outcomes for individuals around the globe. It is critical that mental health nurses act as leaders in understanding and addressing climate change to improve the mental health of populations. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58
(9), 25–30.]
Corrigendum to “Maximality in the Farsighted Stable Set”
Authors: Newton Jonathan
Published: July 2020

Lemma 1 of Ray and Vohra (2019) is false as stated, but holds under alternative conditions which are consistent with the ideas of coalitional sovereignty that motivate the cited paper.
Real-Time, Cross-Platform Detection of Spectre and Meltdown Attack Variants
Authors: Zhao Xinxing , Veerappan Chandra Sekar , Loh Peter
Published: July 2020

Modern processors employ optimization techniques such as out-of-order and speculative execution to maximize the performance. However, they may leave observable side effects that leak the secrets of the system. This phenomenon has led to a proliferation of Spectre and Meltdown attack variants, and this trend will likely continue in the near future. While many makeshift countermeasures have been proposed, they are either not adequately effective or come with inadvertent consequences. New types of processors are designed to deal with these problems; however, those older ones in billions of devices that are currently being used cannot easily or even possibly be replaced. In this chapter, therefore, the authors provide a cross-platform, micro-agent detection system, which can detect four main types of Spectre variants and one variant of Meltdown in real-time in these devices. The empirical performance tests show that the micro-agent system and the in-built detection mechanisms are efficient and effective in detecting such attacks.
Information Security Management System
Authors: Srivastav Manoj Kumar
Published: July 2020

Security of information is always a challenging domain for any computer network organization. An organization always sets different types of policies with the course of time so that no information can be leaked. Some external or some internal factors of an organization play important roles in revealing the information. An organization mainly depends on its employees. An employee manages the data and information and there exists some chance among employees to reveal the data. There is need to study and set policies for employees so that no full information can be revealed. Information security management system (ISMS) has collection of different types of policies and procedures for systematically managing organizationally sensitive data. ISMSs have to deal with management of employees of an organization to minimize the risk of revealing information. This chapter studies employee management so that an organization can continue its business securely.
Multi-Stakeholder and Multilevel Food Governance
Authors: Pedro Sérgio
Published: July 2020

The contemporary food system, in its global and local dimensions, is a central element of the debate on the sustainability of the planet, a debate that increasingly involves more stakeholders and areas of knowledge in the search for answers to the multiple questions related to the attainment of more sustainable patterns for food and agriculture. The present chapter analyses the participative multi-stakeholder and multilevel model of food governance of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries (CPLP), in which stakeholders from different societal and expertise sectors participate in equal manners in the process of co-construction of institutional, technical, and financing measures for the functioning of a given food system. The present chapter has the main goal of sharing and critically analysing the CPLP´s institutional context for the promotion of sustainable food systems as an example of an integrated methodological approach to support the creation of coordinated public policies and institutional conditions to implement a transition to more sustainable food systems and diets.
Training Needs Assessment of Palm Oil Processors in Ijebu North Local Government Area, Ogun State
Authors: Olarewaju Titilope Omolara , Idumah Felix Oaikhena , Oseghale Agatha Itohan , Orumwense Lucy Adeteju , Oke Olugbenga Simeon , Okedeji Elizabeth Funmilayo
Published: July 2020

The study assessed training needs of palm oil processors in Ogun State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 90 palm oil processors. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the respondents were young, married, and experienced in palm oil processing. Women are mostly involved in palm oil processing using manual method of processing with oil palm fruits sourced more from family farms. Respondents require training for manual and mechanized processing methods. Socioeconomic factors have significant influence on different stages of palm oil processing. Poor extension service, high cost of labour, and processing machine were the most perceived constraints to palm oil processing in the study area. The study therefore concludes that there is need for training in oil palm processing. Extension service providers should intensify efforts in this regard so as to boost the palm oil supply both within and outside the country.
Do Foreign Remittances Matter in Attaining Zero Hunger?
Authors: Obayelu Oluwakemi Adeola , Akinmulewo Rebecca Funmi
Published: July 2020

Foreign remittance has remained a major source of income and a means to reduce hunger for many poor people in developing countries. The contribution of foreign remittances to food insecurity status of rural households in Nigeria was assessed using data from 2015/2016 Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). Food insecurity status was achieved using the household food insecurity access scale. Data were analysed using descriptive, ordered, and nested logit models. Female-headed households residing in south-east zone with 51 to 70 years old heads and more than six members had greater access to remittances but were severely food insecure. Drivers of food insecurity were age, gender, marital status, education of the household head, membership of cooperatives, access to extension, farm size and per capita income, and living in the north central geo-political zone. Foreign remittances had a positive effect on the food insecurity status of rural households.
Engaging Young Voters in the Political Process
Authors: Bignoux Stephane
Published: July 2020

The aim of this chapter is to analyse young voter engagement in modern Western democracies. Why young voters? Young voters are disengaged from the political process. In order to complete the analysis, the author adapts an engagement model from social media marketing. The adapted model consists of three parts: consumption, contribution, and (co) creation of brand related materials. The author hypothesises that each aspect of the model is related to the other and that all three aspects of the model are positively related to loyalty to the political party brand. The aim of this conceptual adaptation is to investigate a new way to re-engage young voters with the political party brand, thereby strengthening one pillar of modern democracy.
Citizen Mobilization and the “Right to Decide” Movement in Catalonia (2010-2014)
Authors: Nogué Joan , Vela Jordi de San Eugenio
Published: July 2020

For the purposes of this chapter, it is interesting to analyse the arguments that justify the secessionist cause in Catalonia and, in particular, whether this bottom-up social demand falls within the scope of the democratically admissible. Similarly, it is important to determine how the Catalan people's ‘taking to the streets' represents a concrete political response with which in some form the will of the Catalan people has conditioned and even precipitated the political agenda of the current government. What has happened in Catalonia highlights the new—and prevailing—role played by civil society in public affairs. Within this framework, new questions arise regarding the counterpower exercised by citizens through massive, peaceful, and recurrent social mobilizations, which can, as a whole, be considered a spontaneous manifestation of participatory democracy.
The Concept of Atmospheres
Authors: Soeiro Diana
Published: July 2020

Architects and urban planners currently face the challenge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) that quickly permeates urban environments. In an effort to understand this event as one that goes beyond technology use and technological innovation, the authors investigate how the concept of atmosphere is key to envisioning the future of smart cities. In order to clarify the understanding of the concept, this chapter presents an original alignment of three clusters of authors (Goethe and Wittgenstein, Böhme and Schmitz, and Bratton). The goal is to demonstrate that atmospheres and urban ambiances are fundamental urban design elements. They have the ability to positively shape technology use in cities as decisive elements to promote sustainable smart cities.
Transformation of Urban Space by Smart Technologies
Authors: Belli Burak , Koramaz Turgay Kerem
Published: July 2020

This chapter evaluates the Istanbul Historical Peninsula, which has been the historical, cultural, and financial core of the city, in its quest for becoming smart(er) with reference to the five principles that are put forth by Mitchell, in his 1999 book e-topia. The chapter aims to define the role of ICTs in urban planning and management of Istanbul Historical Peninsula by depicting its fields of use in redesigning the societal, financial, and cultural aspects of urban life in the area. Additionally, the transformative feature of these technologies, used in urban planning, conservation, and heritage management, will be validated whether they serve for a vision and a strategic framework of transitioning the community into an information society.
Towards a Smart Neighbourhoods Simulated Model
Authors: Alhakkak Nada M.
Published: July 2020

The literature generally describes a conventional neighbourhood as an urban area that consists of houses, schools, shopping, religious buildings, and open spaces. This work focuses on the challenge of establishing smart neighbourhoods. The contribution here is in presenting a new model for a smart neighbourhood that contains two frameworks. The first framework is related to input specific parameters from the user and gets reports for timetable, map, and materials. The second framework uses the virtual reality aspect and compound of multiple layers. The concluding remarks figured out that the importance of using the model's work depends on reusing and ABC clustering algorithm.
The Impact of Unified Communication and Collaboration Technologies on Productivity and Innovation
Authors: Bolton Anthony , Goosen Leilani , Kritzinger Elmarie
Published: July 2020

Against the background of promoting inclusive growth in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), the purpose of this chapter is to introduce Industry 4.0 in terms of the impact of Unified Communication and Collaboration (UC&C) technologies on productivity and innovation within a global automotive enterprise. To provide readers with a further overview of, and summarize, the content of the chapter, issues, controversies, problems, and challenges related to Industry 4.0 adoption, including, for example, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), are discussed. Solutions and recommendations for dealing with the issues, controversies, and/or problems are presented, and the chapter will also discuss future research directions and emerging trends, together with providing insight about the future of the book's theme from the perspective of the chapter focus on the impact of UC&C technologies on productivity and innovation. The last section will provide discussion of the overall coverage of the chapter and concluding remarks.
Manufacturing Education for Society 5.0
Authors: Loy Jennifer
Published: July 2020

The last 20 years have brought significant developments to digital fabrication technology, known as additive manufacturing (3D printing), and it has finally started to shed its prototyping mantel in favor of an industrial one. Yet its innovations are in danger of being subsumed into existing commercial practices, as society arguably continues to underestimate its ability, in conjunction with data collection, analysis, and communication tools, to disrupt current systems and enable a more equitable distribution of manufacturing wealth, capability, and capacity. This chapter highlights the potential of emerging industrial technologies to support a shift towards a more human-centered, responsible society where social and environmental problems are addressed through systems that maximises cyberspace and physical space integration, through the reframing of higher education engineering curriculum and pedagogy for manufacturing in Society 5.0.
New Challenges for Education in the Forthcoming Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Voskoglou Michael
Published: July 2020

The rapid industrial and technological development of the last years has transformed the human society to its current form of knowledge and globalization. As a result, the formal education is nowadays faced with the big challenge of preparing students for a new way of life in the forthcoming fourth industrial revolution. This new revolution could be characterized as the era of the internet of things and energy and of the cyber-physical systems. The present chapter focuses on the role that computers and artificial intelligence could play in future education and the risks hiding behind this perspective. It is concluded that it is rather impossible that computers and the other “clever” machines of artificial intelligence will reach to the point of replacing teachers for educating students in future, because all these devices have been created and programmed by humans and therefore it is logical to accept that they will never succeed to reach the quality of human reasoning. However, it is certain that the role of the teacher will be dramatically changed in the future classrooms.
Industry 4.0
Authors: Mathur Sandeep , Mendiratta Samaira
Published: July 2020

Industry 4.0 is a key activity as of late presented by the German government. The objective of the activity is a change of mechanical fabricating through digitization and misuse of possibilities of new advancements. An Industry 4.0 generation framework is in this way adaptable and empowers individualized and modified items. The point of this chapter is to introduce and encourage a comprehension of Industry 4.0 ideas, its drivers, empowering influences, objectives, impediments. Building squares are depicted and a keen industrial facility idea is displayed. An architecture model and job of institutionalization in the future execution of Industry 4.0 idea are addressed. Also, sure contextual investigations of organizations, for example, Bosche and Siemens case studies, have been mentioned. These case studies emphasize on practical implementation of Industry 4.0 and future challenges to deal with successful adoption of Industry 4.0. The current status of Industry 4.0 availability in the German organizations is introduced and remarked.
Emerging Opportunities for Entrepreneurs in the Renewable Energy Segment
Authors: Dhanapal Kesavan
Published: July 2020

Considering the breathtaking changes in global business models, all entities foresee to develop new markets and products for survival in the economy. Increasing pollution levels at major cities around the globe, changing climatic conditions, and global warming makes a cloud bubbling thought of making safer and environmentally friendly products. This agenda leads to generate ideas that may create innovative products or practices may bring a competitive advantage for the new establishments. We all know that energy production constitutes to majority of the pollution in the environment. In order to tackle this situation, fostering entrepreneurs can think of ideas that are relating to renewable energy generation. Recently the rise of electric vehicles market seems to be a playground for new technology breakthroughs. This segment has huge potential for the next two decades. New entrepreneurs can take advantage of the renewable energy in making new business prospects.
Human Identification System Based on Spatial and Temporal Features in the Video Surveillance System
Authors: Angadi Sanjeevkumar , Nandyal Suvarna
Published: July 2020

Human identification is the most significant topic in the bioinformatics field. Various human gait identification methods are available to identify humans, but detecting the objects based on the human gait is still a challenging task in the video surveillance system. Thus, an effective hybrid Bayesian approach is proposed for identifying the humans. The proposed hybrid Bayesian approach involves two stages as follows: the first stage is the human identification based on the object features, and the second stage is the human identification based on the spatial features. Initially, the videos are fed into the first stage, where the object detection is performed using the Viola Jones algorithm. Once the objects are detected, the feature extraction process is carried out by using a hierarchical skeleton to effectively extract the selective features. The object skeleton provides an effective and intuitive abstraction, which offers object recognition and object matching. The Bayesian network is adapted in the object-based features to identify humans. In the spatial-based human identification stage, only the spatial features are extracted and are passed into the gait-based Bayesian network to identify the humans. Finally, the resulted output is obtained using the fuzzy holoentropy for identifying the humans. The experimentation of the proposed hybrid Bayesian approach is performed using the dataset named UCF-Crime, and the performance is evaluated by considering the average value of the metrics, namely F1-score, precision, and recall which acquired 0.8820, 0.8770, and 0.9203, respectively.
Analytical Approach to Estimating Total Migration Time of Virtual Machines With Various Applications
Authors: Toutov Andrew , Vorozhtsov Anatoly , Toutova Natalia
Published: July 2020

Cloud applications and services such as social networks, file sharing services, and file storage have become increasingly popular among users in recent years. This leads to the enlargement of data centers, and an increase in the number of servers and virtual machines. In such systems, live migration is used to move virtual machines from one server to another, which affects the quality of service. Therefore, the problem of finding the total migration time is relevant. This article proposes analytical approach to obtaining analytical expression of the probability density of the total migration time based on the use of the apparatus of characteristic functions. The obtained expression is used to calculate characteristics of migration, taking into account the applications contributing the most randomness to the total migration time. To simplify the calculation of migration characteristics, the use of the Laguerre series can be recommended as giving more reliable results compared to Gram-Charlier series.
Environmental Website Disclosure of ICT Use and Compliance Management
Authors: Thimm Heiko Henning , Rasmussen Karsten Boye
Published: July 2020

The concept of ‘Environmental Management' includes the responsibility to ensure that the company complies with environmental laws and regulations. Because this responsibility is not only exercised towards authorities, but also towards the stakeholders, and because growing environmental awareness is combined with the growing development of ICT, some companies publish their information concerning ‘environmental compliance management' on their corporate websites. The present exploratory website study was performed to fill the research gap in the field of environmental website disclosure through a survey of 170 large production companies in the USA and in Europe. The analysis of the empirical data suggests that corporate websites contain only limited information about ICT use for environmental management and environmental compliance management. Because very large and mostly global corporations were observed, only small differences between the two regions were expected. However, the study revealed that the USA companies outperformed the European companies in terms of extent of disclosure.
The Exploration of Government as a Service Through Community Cloud Computing
Authors: Yfantis Vasileios , Ntalianis Klimis
Published: July 2020

The current article discusses the concept of government as a service through the use of cloud computing which is managed from a public community, such as the citizens of a municipality. It suggests a potential architecture of a gamified community cloud in order to transform cloud computing management to an enjoyable and valuable experience. The architecture includes the development of an on-site community and an outsourced community cloud computing infrastructure. Moreover, additional discussion in this article includes the potentiality of cloud computing as a tool towards the succesful operation of a self governed community.
The Effectiveness of Using Technology on Students' Speaking Skills in an ESL Traditional Classroom
Authors: Alkhoudary Yahya Ashour
Published: July 2020

This investigation scrutinizes the influence of utilizing blended learning model, or makes use of both direct instruction and online learning in an ESL classroom. A random sample of 60 college students majoring in English was selected randomly and divided into two groups: Experimental group (Ex.) 30, and Controlled group (Conc.) 30. Pre-and post- speaking tests were administrated to both groups. Moreover, 15 English language teachers are called on to be included in this inquiry. Furthermore, interviews were conducted to check the participants' attitude towards this teaching strategy. The findings of inspection revealed that (Ex.) outperformed (Cont.G) in the post-test achievement. Further, this examination uncovers that incorporating melded learning model comes up with superb results among ESL students. Additionally, it demonstrates that such a system leads to learner autonomy and high-powered instruction. This exploration comes to conclude that integrating appropriate technology as an assertive method in classroom is of paramount importance to promote language skills' quality in a virtual learning environment.
Smart Traffic Light Management Systems
Authors: Magableh Aws Abed Al Raheem , Almakhadmeh Mohanad A. , Alsrehin Nawaf , Klaib Ahmad F.
Published: July 2020

Traffic congestion is a major concern in many cities. Failure to heed signals, poor law enforcement, and bad traffic light management are main factors that have led to traffic congestion. One of the most important problems in cities is the difficulty of further expanding the existing infrastructures. Having that in mind, the main accessible and available alternatives that could provide better management of the traffic lights is to use technological systems. There are many methods available for traffic management such as video data analysis, infrared sensors, inductive loop detection, wireless sensor networks, and a few other technologies. This research is focused on reviewing all these existing methods and studies using a systematic literature review (SLR). The SLR was intended to improve the synthesis of research by introducing a systematic process. This article aims at analyzing and assessing the existing studies against selected factors of comparison. The study achieves these aims by analyzing 78 main studies. The research outcomes indicated that there are decent numbers of studies that have been proposed in the area of smart traffic light management. However, less attention has been paid on the possibility of investigating the use of live traffic data to improve the accuracy of traffic management.