bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Generation Islanding Effect on Distribution Networks and End User Loads Using the Load Sharing Islanding Method
Authors: Kreishan Maen , Fotis George , Vita Vasiliki , Ekonomou Lambros
Published: November 2016

In this paper a realistic medium voltage (MV) network with four different distributed generation technologies (diesel, gas, hydro and wind) along with their excitation and governor control systems is modelled and simulated. Moreover, an exponential model was used to represent the loads in the network. The dynamic and steady state behavior of the four distributed generation technologies was investigated during grid-connected operation and two transition modes to the islanding situation, planned and unplanned. This study aims to address the feasibility of planned islanding operation and to investigate the effect of unplanned islanding. The load sharing islanding method has been used for controlling the distributed generation units during grid-connected and islanding operation. The simulation results were validated through various case studies and have shown that properly planned islanding transition could provide support to critical loads at the event of utility outages. However, a reliable protection scheme would be required to mitigate the adverse effect of unplanned islanding as all unplanned sub-cases returned severe negative results.
Whole of Systems Trial of Prevention Strategies for Childhood Obesity: WHO STOPS Childhood Obesity
Authors: Allender Steven , Millar Lynne , Hovmand Peter , Bell Colin , Moodie Marj , Carter Rob , Swinburn Boyd , Strugnell Claudia , Lowe Janette , De la Haye Kayla , Orellana Liliana , Morgan Sue
Published: November 2016

Background: Community-based initiatives show promise for preventing childhood obesity. They are characterized by community leaders and members working together to address complex local drivers of energy balance. Objectives: To present a protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial in ten communities in the Great South Coast Region of Victoria, Australia to test whether it is possible to: (1) strengthen community action for childhood obesity prevention, and (2) measure the impact of increased action on risk factors for childhood obesity. Methods: The WHO STOPS intervention involves a facilitated community engagement process that: creates an agreed systems map of childhood obesity causes for a community; identifies intervention opportunities through leveraging the dynamic aspects of the system; and, converts these understandings into community-built, systems-oriented action plans. Ten communities will be randomized (1:1) to intervention or control in year one and all communities will be included by year three. The primary outcome is childhood obesity prevalence among grade two (ages 7–8 y), grade four (9–10 y) and grade six (11–12 y) students measured using our established community-led monitoring system (69% school and 93% student participation rate in government and independent schools). An additional group of 13 external communities from other regions of Victoria with no specific interventions will provide an external comparison. These communities will also allow us to assess diffusion of the intervention to control communities during the first three years of the trial. Conclusion: This trial will test effectiveness, over a five-year period, of community-owned, -supported and -led strategies designed to address complex and dynamic causes of childhood obesity.
SEPT12–NDC1 Complexes Are Required for Mammalian Spermiogenesis
Authors: Lai Tsung-Hsuan , Wu Ying-Yu , Wang Ya-Yun , Chen Mei-Feng , Wang Pei , Chen Tsung-Ming , Wu Yi-No , Chiang Han-Sun , Kuo Pao-Lin , Lin Ying-Hung
Published: November 2016

Male factor infertility accounts for approximately 50 percent of infertile couples. The male factor-related causes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure include the absence of sperm, immotile sperm, immature sperm, abnormally structured sperm, and sperm with nuclear damage. Our knockout and knock-in mice models demonstrated that SEPTIN12 (SEPT12) is vital for the formation of sperm morphological characteristics during spermiogenesis. In the clinical aspect, mutated SEPT12 in men results in oligozoospermia or teratozoospermia or both. Sperm with mutated SEPT12 revealed abnormal head and tail structures, decreased chromosomal condensation, and nuclear damage. Furthermore, several nuclear or nuclear membrane-related proteins have been identified as SEPT12 interactors through the yeast 2-hybrid system, including NDC1 transmembrane nucleoporin (NDC1). NDC1 is a major nuclear pore protein, and is critical for nuclear pore complex assembly and nuclear morphology maintenance in mammalian cells. Mutated NDC1 cause gametogenesis defects and skeletal malformations in mice, which were detected spontaneously in the A/J strain. In this study, we characterized the functional effects of SEPT12–NDC1 complexes during mammalian spermiogenesis. In mature human spermatozoa, SEPT12 and NDC1 are majorly colocalized in the centrosome regions; however, NDC1 is only slightly co-expressed with SEPT12 at the annulus of the sperm tail. In addition, SEPT12 interacts with NDC1 in the male germ cell line through coimmunoprecipitation. During murine spermiogenesis, we observed that NDC1 was located at the nuclear membrane of spermatids and at the necks of mature spermatozoa. In male germ cell lines, NDC1 overexpression restricted the localization of SEPT12 to the nucleus and repressed the filament formation of SEPT12. In mice sperm with mutated SEPT12, NDC1 dispersed around the manchette region of the sperm head and annulus, compared with concentrating at the sperm neck of wild-type sperm. These results indicate that SEPT12–NDC1 complexes are involved in mammalian spermiogenesis.
Fractional CO2 Laser Pretreatment Facilitates Transdermal Delivery of Two Vitamin C Derivatives
Authors: Hsiao Chien-Yu , Sung Hsin-Ching , Hu Sindy , Huang Yau-Li , Huang Chun-Hsun
Published: November 2016

Background: Topical vitamin C derivatives have been used to treat melasma and used as a skin whitener. The aim of this study was to compare skin histology and permeation of l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt (MAP-1) and magnesium l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (MAP-2) after fractional CO2 laser pretreatment. Methods: The effect of fractional laser treatment on porcine skin was examined by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning electron microscopy. The effect of fractional CO2 laser treatment of different fluencies and pass numbers on transdermal flux of the two vitamin C derivatives through porcine skin was examined in vitro using a Franz diffusion chamber. Results: Fluxes of MAP-1 and MAP-2 across fractional CO2 laser-treated (5 W) skin were eight- to 13-fold, and 20- to 22-fold higher, respectively, than the fluxes of these compounds across intact skin. Fluxes of MAP-1 and MAP-2 across fractional CO2 laser-treated (9 W) skin were 14- to 19-fold, and 30- to 42-fold higher, respectively, than their fluxes across intact skin. Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser treatment is an effective way of delivering vitamin C derivatives into the skin.
Cyclic Glucans Enhance Solubility of Bioavailable Flavonoids
Authors: Park Seyeon
Published: November 2016

Diverse flavonoids are abundant in dietary food constituents and possess useful biological activities. However, some flavonoids have limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. As an important approach to enhance aqueous solubility, inclusion of hydrophobic guest molecules in hydrophilic hosts such as cyclic glucans has been used. This review summarizes applications of β-cyclodextrin, synthetic β-cyclodextrin derivatives, and newly synthesized derivatives of cyclosophoraoses as complexing agents to enhance the bioavailability of flavonoids such as baicalein, kaempferol, and naphthoflavones.
Effect of Microwave Treatment of Graphite on the Electrical Conductivity and Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide Composites
Authors: Tang Yanjun , Hu Xiulan , Liu Dongdong , Guo Daliang , Zhang Junhua
Published: November 2016

Polyaniline (PANI)/graphene oxide (GO) composites were synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of GO. The effect of microwave treatment of graphite on the electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of PANI/GO composites was highlighted, and the morphology and microstructure were subsequently characterized using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrated that microwave treatment of graphite imparted a well-dispersed, highly ordered layered structure to the as-prepared GO, and in turn facilitated strong bonding between the GO and PANI nanosheets, which may be responsible for the improved electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of the resulting PANI/GO composites. The desired PANI/GO composites possessed an electrical conductivity of 508 S/m, an areal capacitance of 172.8 mF/cm2, and a retained capacitance of 87.4% after cycling, representing percentage increases of 102, 232, and 112, respectively, as a result of the microwave treatment of graphite. The resulting composites are promising electrode materials for high-performance and ecofriendly electrical energy storage devices.
Silencing of A-Kinase Anchor Protein 4 (AKAP4) Inhibits Proliferation and Progression of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Han Jiakai , Gao Wei , Su Dongyue , Liu Yang
Published: November 2016

A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4), a member of the A-kinase anchor family of proteins, plays a role in tumor development and progression. However, its expression pattern and function in human thyroid cancer remain obscure. Here we examined AKAP4 expression in thyroid cancer cell lines
as well as the effects of AKAP4 on the proliferation and metastasis of thyroid cancer cells. We also explored the molecular mechanism by which AKAP4 mediates the metastatic potential of thyroid cancer cells. Our results revealed that the transcript and protein levels of AKAP4 were significantly
upregulated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of AKAP4 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in thyroid cancer cells. Additionally, knockdown of AKAP4 greatly decreased
the protein expression of Shh as well as Smo, Ptc, and Gli-1 in ACT-1 cells. Finally, the in vivo nude mice model confirmed that knockdown of AKAP4 attenuated tumor growth. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that knockdown of AKAP4 inhibited proliferation and metastasis, likely through
suppressing the Shh signaling pathway, in thyroid cancer cells. Thus, AKAP4 may act as a potential therapeutic target for human thyroid cancer.
Active and fast charge-state switching of single NV centres in diamond by in-plane Al-Schottky junctions
Authors: Schreyvogel Christoph , Polyakov Vladimir , Burk Sina , Fedder Helmut , Denisenko Andrej , Fávaro de Oliveira Felipe , Wunderlich Ralf , Meijer Jan , Zuerbig Verena , Wrachtrup Jörg , Nebel Christoph E
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate an active and fast control of the charge state and hence of the optical and electronic properties of single and near-surface nitrogen-vacancy centres (NV centres) in diamond. This active manipulation is achieved by using a two-dimensional Schottky-diode structure from diamond, i.e., by using aluminium as Schottky contact on a hydrogen terminated diamond surface. By changing the applied potential on the Schottky contact, we are able to actively switch single NV centres between all three charge states NV+, NV0 and NV− on a timescale of 10 to 100 ns, corresponding to a switching frequency of 10–100 MHz. This switching frequency is much higher than the hyperfine interaction frequency between an electron spin (of NV−) and a nuclear spin (of 15N or 13C for example) of 2.66 kHz. This high-frequency charge state switching with a planar diode structure would open the door for many quantum optical applications such as a quantum computer with single NVs for quantum information processing as well as single 13C atoms for long-lifetime storage of quantum information. Furthermore, a control of spectral emission properties of single NVs as a single photon emitters – embedded in photonic structures for example – can be realized which would be vital for quantum communication and cryptography.
A new paradigm for designing ring construction strategies for green organic synthesis: implications for the discovery of multicomponent reactions to build molecules containing a single ring
Authors: Andraos John
Published: November 2016

A new way of developing novel synthesis strategies for the construction of monocyclic rings found in organic molecules is presented. The method is based on the visual application of integer partitioning to chemical structures. Two problems are addressed: (1) the determination of the total number of possible ways to construct a given ring by 2-, 3-, and 4-component couplings; and (2) the systematic enumeration of those possibilities. The results of the method are illustrated using cyclohexanone, pyrazole, and the Biginelli adduct as target ring systems with a view to discover new and greener strategies for their construction using multicomponent reactions. The application of the method is also extended to various heterocycles found in many natural products and pharmaceuticals.
GROUND-BASED TRANSIT OBSERVATION OF THE HABITABLE-ZONE SUPER-EARTH K2-3D
Authors: Fukui Akihiko , Livingston John , Narita Norio , Hirano Teruyuki , Onitsuka Masahiro , Ryu Tsuguru , Kusakabe Nobuhiko
Published: November 2016

We report the first ground-based transit observation of K2-3d, a 1.5 R
⊕ planet supposedly within the habitable zone around a bright M-dwarf host star, using the Okayama 188 cm telescope and the multi(grz)-band imager MuSCAT. Although the depth of the transit (0.7 mmag) is smaller than the photometric precisions (1.2, 0.9, and 1.2 mmag per 60 s for the g, r, and z bands, respectively), we marginally but consistently identify the transit signal in all three bands, by taking advantage of the transit parameters from K2, and by introducing a novel technique that leverages multi-band information to reduce the systematics caused by second-order extinction. We also revisit previously analyzed Spitzer transit observations of K2-3d to investigate the possibility of systematic offsets in transit timing, and find that all the timing data can be explained well by a linear ephemeris. We revise the orbital period of K2-3d to be 44.55612 ± 0.00021 days, which corrects the predicted transit times for 2019, i.e., the era of the James Webb Space Telescope, by ∼80 minutes. Our observation demonstrates that (1) even ground-based, 2 m class telescopes can play an important role in refining the transit ephemeris of small-sized, long-period planets, and (2) a multi-band imager is useful to reduce the systematics of atmospheric origin, in particular for bluer bands and for observations conducted at low-altitude observatories.
THE TIMESCALE-DEPENDENT COLOR VARIABILITY OF QUASARS VIEWED WITH GALEX
Authors: Zhu(朱飞凡) Fei-Fan , Wang(王俊贤) Jun-Xian , Cai(蔡振翼) Zhen-Yi , Sun(孙玉涵) Yu-Han
Published: November 2016

In a recent work by Sun et al., the color variation of quasars, namely the bluer-when-brighter trend, was found to be timescale dependent using the SDSS

band light curves in Stripe 82. Such timescale dependence, i.e., bluer variation at shorter timescales, supports the thermal fluctuation origin of the UV/optical variation in quasars, and can be modeled well with the inhomogeneous accretion disk model. In this paper, we extend the study to much shorter wavelengths in the rest frame (down to extreme UV) using GALaxy Evolution eXplorer (GALEX) photometric data of quasars collected in two ultraviolet bands (near-UV and far-UV). We develop Monte Carlo simulations to correct for possible biases due to the considerably larger photometric uncertainties in the GALEX light curves (particularly in the far-UV, compared with the SDSS

bands), which otherwise could produce artificial results. We securely confirm the previously discovered timescale dependence of the color variability with independent data sets and at shorter wavelengths. We further find that the slope of the correlation between the amplitude of the color variation and timescale appears even steeper than predicted by the inhomogeneous disk model, which assumes that disk fluctuations follow a damped random walk (DRW) process. The much flatter structure function observed in the far-UV compared with that at longer wavelengths implies deviation from the DRW process in the inner disk, where rest-frame extreme UV radiation is produced.
APOCENTER GLOW IN ECCENTRIC DEBRIS DISKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOMALHAUT AND ϵ ERIDANI
Authors: Pan Margaret , Nesvold Erika R. , Kuchner Marc J.
Published: November 2016

Debris disks often take the form of eccentric rings with azimuthal asymmetries in surface brightness. Such disks are often described as showing “pericenter glow,” an enhancement of the disk brightness in regions nearest the central star. At long wavelengths, however, the disk apocenters should appear brighter than their pericenters: in the long-wavelength limit, we find that the apocenter/pericenter flux ratio scales as

for disk eccentricity e. We produce new models of this “apocenter glow” to explore its causes and wavelength dependence and study its potential as a probe of dust grain properties. Based on our models, we argue that several far-infrared and (sub)millimeter images of the Fomalhaut and ϵ Eridani debris rings obtained with Herschel, JCMT, SHARC II, ALMA, and ATCA should be reinterpreted as suggestions or examples of apocenter glow. This reinterpretation yields new constraints on the disks’ dust grain properties and size distributions.
SUPER-EARTHS AS FAILED CORES IN ORBITAL MIGRATION TRAPS
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro
Published: November 2016

I explore whether close-in super-Earths were formed as rocky bodies that failed to grow fast enough to become the cores of gas giants before the natal protostellar disk dispersed. I model the failed cores’ inward orbital migration in the low-mass or type I regime to stopping points at distances where the tidal interaction with the protostellar disk applies zero net torque. The three kinds of migration traps considered are those due to the dead zone's outer edge, the ice line, and the transition from accretion to starlight as the disk's main heat source. As the disk disperses, the traps move toward final positions near or just outside 1 au. Planets at this location exceeding about 3 M
⊕ open a gap, decouple from their host traps, and migrate inward in the high-mass or type II regime to reach the vicinity of the star. I synthesize the population of planets that formed in this scenario, finding that a fraction of the observed super-Earths could have been failed cores. Most super-Earths that formed this way have more than 4 M
⊕, so their orbits when the disks dispersed were governed by type II migration. These planets have solid cores surrounded by gaseous envelopes. Their subsequent photoevaporative mass loss is most effective for masses originally below about 6 M
⊕. The failed core scenario suggests a division of the observed super-Earth mass–radius diagram into five zones according to the inferred formation history.
SHIELD: COMPARING GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN LOW-MASS GALAXIES
Authors: Teich Yaron G. , McNichols Andrew T. , Nims Elise , Cannon John M. , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Giovanelli Riccardo , Haynes Martha P. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Salzer John J. , Skillman Evan D. , Bernstein-Cooper Elijah Z. , Dolphin Andrew , Elson E. C. , Haurberg Nathalie , Józsa Gyula I. G. , Ott Jürgen , Saintonge Amelie , Warren Steven R. , Cave Ian , Hagen Cedric , Huang Shan , Janowiecki Steven , Marshall Melissa V. , Thomann Clara M. , Sistine Angela Van
Published: November 2016

We analyze the relationships between atomic, neutral hydrogen (H i) and star formation (SF) in the 12 low-mass SHIELD galaxies. We compare high spectral (∼0.82 km s−1 ch−1) and spatial resolution (physical resolutions of 160–640 pc) H i imaging from the VLA with Hα and far-ultraviolet imaging. We quantify the degree of co-spatiality between star-forming regions and regions of high H i column densities. We calculate the global star formation efficiencies (SFE;

/

) and examine the relationships among the SFE and H i mass, H i column density, and star formation rate (SFR). The systems are consuming their cold neutral gas on timescales of order a few gigayears. While we derive an index for the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation of N ≈ 0.68 ± 0.04 for the SHIELD sample as a whole, the values of N vary considerably from system to system. By supplementing SHIELD results with those from other surveys, we find that H i mass and UV-based SFR are strongly correlated over five orders of magnitude. Identification of patterns within the SHIELD sample allows us to bin the galaxies into three general categories: (1) mainly co-spatial H i and SF regions, found in systems with the highest peak H i column densities and highest total H i masses; (2) moderately correlated H i and SF regions, found in systems with moderate H i column densities; and (3) obvious offsets between H i and SF peaks, found in systems with the lowest total H i masses. SF in these galaxies is dominated by stochasticity and random fluctuations in their ISM.
BABCOCK–LEIGHTON SOLAR DYNAMO: THE ROLE OF DOWNWARD PUMPING AND THE EQUATORWARD PROPAGATION OF ACTIVITY
Authors: Karak Bidya Binay , Cameron Robert
Published: November 2016

The key elements of the Babcock–Leighton dynamos are the generation of poloidal field through decay and the dispersal of tilted bipolar active regions and the generation of toroidal field through the observed differential rotation. These models are traditionally known as flux transport dynamo models as the equatorward propagations of the butterfly wings in these models are produced due to an equatorward flow at the bottom of the convection zone. Here we investigate the role of downward magnetic pumping near the surface using a kinematic Babcock–Leighton model. We find that the pumping causes the poloidal field to become predominately radial in the near-surface shear layer, which allows the negative radial shear to effectively act on the radial field to produce a toroidal field. We observe a clear equatorward migration of the toroidal field at low latitudes as a consequence of the dynamo wave even when there is no meridional flow in the deep convection zone. Both the dynamo wave and the flux transport type solutions are thus able to reproduce some of the observed features of the solar cycle including the 11-year periodicity. The main difference between the two types of solutions is the strength of the Babcock–Leighton source required to produce the dynamo action. A second consequence of the magnetic pumping is that it suppresses the diffusion of fields through the surface, which helps to allow an 11-year cycle at (moderately) larger values of magnetic diffusivity than have previously been used.
Explanatory Style in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Unrecognized Predictor of Mortality
Authors: Crowson Aaron D. , Colligan Robert C. , Matteson Eric L. , Davis John M. , Crowson Cynthia S.
Published: November 2016

Objective.

To determine whether pessimistic explanatory style altered the risk for and mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

The study included subjects from a population-based cohort with incident RA and a non-RA comparison cohort who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Results.

Among 148 RA and 135 non-RA subjects, pessimism was associated with development of rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive RA. Pessimism was associated with an increased risk of mortality [HR 2.88 with similar magnitude to RF+ (HR 2.28)].

Conclusion.

Pessimistic explanatory style was associated with an increased risk of developing RA and increased mortality rate in patients with RA.
Indicios de revisión en la Segunda Parte del Quijote
Authors: Pontón Gonzalo
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo aporta pruebas a favor de la hipótesis de que Cervantes, una vez concluida la Segunda parte del Quijote (o al final del proceso de redacción), revisó parcialmente el original para introducir retoques y adiciones de cierto calado. A partir del estudio de una serie de incongruencias narrativas que no parecen achacables al mero descuido, se ponen de manifiesto las huellas de un proceso de reelaboración que afecta por lo menos a cuatro secciones de la novela. La mayor parte de indicios apuntan a que la revisión estuvo casi siempre ligada al desafío que supuso la continuación de Avellaneda, y a que esos cambios fueron acciones de última hora para impugnar al continuador apócrifo.
Ciencia y ficción. Notas sobre el escepticismo epistemológico del Quijote
Authors: Schmelzer Félix
Published: November 2016

El presente trabajo pretende analizar la representación del saber científico en el Quijote de Cervantes, basándose en varios pasajes que subrayan los conocimientos científicos de don Quijote. Se constata que la novela revela una sutil crítica de las ciencias en cuyo fondo está un profundo escepticismo epistemológico frente a la arbitrariedad de nuestros conceptos del mundo. La caracterización de don Quijote como científico incluso permite deducir que sufre un doble daño de lectura (caballeresco y científico) y que Cervantes, por tanto, considera la propia ciencia como ficción, un punto de vista muy moderno.
Cervantes, plantador de tabaco. La «escritura desatada» de John Barth, revisión contemporánea de modelos narrativos cervantinos: romance, novella, (proto)ensayo
Authors: Pérez Abellán María Encarnación
Published: November 2016

Por «escritura desatada» entiende Cervantes la composición inarmónica del romance caballeresco dada la secuenciación incongruente de sus elementos constitutivos. Sin embargo, también propone una lectura en positivo del sintagma siempre que se aúne a la heterogeneidad temática el principio compositivo de unidad y coherencia. El propio Quijote la ejemplifica integrando formalmente el romance, la novella italianizante, el cuento y un ensayo embrionario hasta constituir el nuevo género: la novela. El Ingenioso Hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha es punto de partida de El plantador de tabaco (John Barth 1960), ya que también en ésta se amalgaman unívocamente las tres submodalidades narrativas junto a breves ensayos injeridos como homenaje consciente a Cervantes, instalado ya Barth en la novela posmoderna.
Conquests of Memory: Franciscan Chronicles of the East Asian Church in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Matthew Brockey Liam
Published: November 2016

This essay examines the ways in which Franciscan authors recounted the history of their missions in East Asia from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. Key differences between Franciscan authors and those of other orders are highlighted, with special emphasis placed on disputes over precedence in the Asian mission field, over privileges accorded by the papacy for missionary activity, and over the prestige secured by acts of pious heroism and appointments to high ecclesiastical offices. Chronicles served as important adjuncts to the face-toface rivalries of Catholic religious orders, with the Franciscans dueling their peers for pride of place in historical memory. The publication of Franciscan histories in Europe ensured that the conflicts between orders extended around the globe, while their original intention was to consolidate the memories of distant efforts to plant and grow the church.
“Guanchinescan Antiquities”. Commerce and collecting of archeological remains from the Canary Islands
Authors: Ortiz García Carmen
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper is a long-term examination of the history of the collecting of material culture and bio-anthropological remains from the Canary Islands ancient settlers since the 18th century onward. This traffic of objects was determined to a great extent by the presence of mummification in their funerary rites and by the academic controversy surrounding their ethnic origins. In relation to these facts, the text analyzes the different agents and the different interests involved in the knowledge and the international circulation of these objects formerly belonging to the so-called “guanches.” Finally, the current situation of this traffic and the latest cases of moving of mummies and other human remains from ancient Canary Islanders that are preserved in museums or collections will be addressed.
La evolución del piso subalpino en la Sierra de Urbión (Sistema Ibérico, norte de españa): un modelo de impacto geoecológico de actividades humanas en el Valle de Ormazal
Authors: García-Ruiz José M. , Sanjuán Yasmina , Arnáez José , Beguería Santiago , Gómez-Villar Amelia , Álvarez-Martínez Javier , Lana-Renault Noemí , Coba-Pérez Paz
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo es una síntesis de la evolución paisajística, funcional y geomorfológica del piso subalpino de la Sierra de Urbión, proporcionando una perspectiva geoecológica de las interacciones entre actividades humanas, organización del espacio, dinámica geomorfológica y transformaciones recientes en los usos del suelo. Los cambios paisajísticos del piso subalpino en la Sierra de Urbión se iniciaron al menos en el Neolítico tardío con incendios que procuraban eliminar el bosque para permitir la expansión de los pastos de aprovechamiento estival y así favorecer una incipiente trashumancia de ganado lanar. Los incendios se prolongaron a lo largo del Calcolítico y las edades del Bronce y del Hierro, culminando durante la Edad Media. Es probable que en este último periodo los incendios fueran menos necesarios dados los cambios producidos anteriormente. La deforestación del piso subalpino sería responsable de la ocurrencia de numerosos deslizamientos, que han desmantelado el suelo en gran parte de la Sierra por encima de 1500 m s.n.m. La crisis del sistema trashumante a partir de comienzos del siglo xix ha reducido la presión ganadera sobre los pastos de verano y, especialmente en la segunda mitad del siglo xx, ha contribuido a la expansión de matorrales y bosques, mientras los pastos subalpinos se han reducido notablemente. El descenso de la presión ganadera indica que la expansión del bosque va a continuar en el futuro, en un contexto de calentamiento global y menor duración del manto de nieve en el piso subalpino.
Sward structure, light interception and herbage accumulation in forage peanut cv. Belmonte subjected to strategies of intermittent grazing management
Authors: Brunetti Henrique Bauab , Carvalho Lucas Da Rocha , Chiavegato Marília Barbosa , Silva Sila Carneiro da
Published: November 2016

Nitrogen fertilization ensures productivity and persistency of pastures, but may be expensive. Perennial forage peanut, becomes an interesting alternative for N supply. Little is known about its use under grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth process of forage peanut using an experimental protocol analogous to tropical forage grasses under rotational grazing. Treatments corresponded to two pre- (95% and maximum canopy light interception – LI95% and LIMax) and two post-grazing (post-grazing heights of 40 and 60% of pre-grazing height) conditions, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (n = 4). Targets of LI pre-grazing affected  pre-grazing height and LI post-grazing. The residual sward LAI did not vary, resulting in similar grazing interval. Greater rates and total herbage accumulation were recorded for LIMax target, consequence of the greater accumulation of stolons at the lower strata of the swards. Greater percentage of leaflets was recorded for the LI95% target. Given the stoloniferous growth habit of forage peanut, stolon accumulation in the lower strata of the sward do not represent a limitation to leaf accumulation and morphological composition. The greater pre-grazing sward height associated with the LIMax target facilitate herbage prehension and intake, further investigation is needed.
Impact of brand personality determinants towards purchasing intention: a study on branded umbrella products in Sri Lanka
Authors: Riyas Mohamed , Herath H. M. R. P.
Published: November 2016

All Marketing Managers are trying to win the market by differentiating their products among the customers by using the product and brand related factors. Among those factors brand personality is still critical factor to those marketing managers to create the differentiation in the market. Therefore the purpose of this study is explore the relationship of brand personality determinants and purchase intention with referring to the Sri Lankan branded umbrella products. The convenience sampling method was used to collect the primary data. A total of 100 questionnaire were distributed among the umbrella consumers and collected the primary data based on researcher administrated method. Respondent rete is 100%. Multiple regression analysis used for test the hypotheses. The primary data collected only from Kandy and Colombo Districts among the age limit of 15-45 years umbrella consumers with targeting the only 100 consumers to analysis. The lack of generalization of this study is that it is limited to the branded umbrella industry. Findings of this studies are Excitement and Ruggedness are positively affect to the purchasing intention referring to the branded umbrella products of Sri Lanka. Sincerity, Competence and Sophistication are not positively affect to the purchasing intention referring to the branded umbrella products of Sri Lanka
Immunological Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Glycans Shared between Microorganisms and Mammals
Authors: Patel Preeyam , Kearney John F.
Published: November 2016

Glycans constitute basic cellular components of living organisms across biological kingdoms, and glycan-binding Abs participate in many cellular interactions during immune defense against pathogenic organisms. Glycan epitopes are expressed as carbohydrate-only entities or as oligomers or polymers on proteins and lipids. Such epitopes on glycoproteins may be formed by posttranslational modifications or neoepitopes resulting from metabolic–catabolic processes and can be altered during inflammation. Pathogenic organisms can display host-like glycans to evade the host immune response. However, Abs to glycans, shared between microorganisms and the host, exist naturally. These Abs are able to not only protect against infectious disease, but also are involved in host housekeeping functions and can suppress allergic disease. Despite the reactivity of these Abs to glycans shared between microorganisms and host, diverse tolerance-inducing mechanisms permit the B cell precursors of these Ab-secreting cells to exist within the normal B cell repertoire.
Immune-Mediated Protection and Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus
Authors: Fox Julie M. , Diamond Michael S.
Published: November 2016

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus that causes debilitating acute and chronic arthritis. Infection by CHIKV induces a robust immune response that is characterized by production of type I IFNs, recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells, and development of neutralizing Abs. Despite this response, chronic arthritis can develop in some individuals, which may be due to a failure to eliminate viral RNA and Ag and/or persistent immune responses that cause chronic joint inflammation. In this review, based primarily on advances from recent studies in mice, we discuss the innate and adaptive immune factors that control CHIKV dissemination and clearance or contribute to pathogenesis.
Whole person medicine: Psychosocial issues in primary care
Authors: Mash Robert
Published: November 2016

Not applicable
An epidemiological profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sinha B , Vibha  , Singla R , Chowdhury R
Published: November 2016

Background:

Different definitions used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) preclude getting reliable prevalence estimates. Study objective was to find the prevalence of COPD as per standard Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease definition, risk factors associated, and treatment seeking in adults >30 years.

Methodology:

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Delhi, among 1200 adults, selected by systematic random sampling. Pretested questionnaire was used to interview all subjects and screen for symptoms of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was done to confirm COPD.

Statistical Analysis:

Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated by multivariable analysis to examine the association of risk factors with COPD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was developed to assess predictability. Results: The prevalence of COPD was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5, 11.9%). Tobacco smoking was the strongest risk factor associated (aOR 9.48; 95% CI 4.22, 14.13) followed by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), occupational exposure, age, and biomass fuel. Each pack-year of smoking increased 15% risk of COPD. Ex-smokers had 63% lesser risk compared to current smokers. Clinical allergy seems to preclude COPD (aOR 0.06; 95% CI 0.02, 0.37). ROC analysis showed 94.38% of the COPD variability can be assessed by this model (sensitivity 57.4%; positive predictive value 93.3%). Only 48% patients were on treatment. Treatment continuation was impeded by its cost.

Conclusion:

COPD prevalence in the region of Delhi, India, is high, and our case-finding population study identified a high rate of patients who were not on any treatment. Our study adds to creating awareness on the importance of smoking cessation, early diagnosis of COPD, and the need for regular treatment.
Modélisation et simulation de l'écoulement réactif en régime laminaire ou turbulent dans un four cylindrique
Authors: N'Wuitcha K. , Igo S.W. , Atchonouglo K. , Palm K. , Banna M. , Zeghmati B.
Published: November 2016

The present study aims to optimize volatile organic compounds combustion during municipal solid wastes incineration. A numerical study of volatile organic compounds combustion in laminar or turbulent regime is presented.In laminar regime, mixed convection equations, associated to radiative transfer equation and a global kinetics model are proposed and solved.In turbulent regime, transfer equations associated to global kinetics model and radiative transfer equation are proposed and solved using Fluent Software. The standard k – ε model was used for the modeling of the turbulence phenomena and discrete ordinate method for radiative heat transfer. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is depicted by Eddy–Dissipation model.The results showed that the efficiency of the combustion of organic compounds decreases with the increase of the flow rate of the smokes. The turbulence parameters such as turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate are strongly affected by the combustion and reciprocally, showing the interaction between combustion and turbulence. These parameters values increase with the augmentation of the flow rate of the smokes. The combustion of volatile organic compounds is more efficient in laminar regime than in turbulent regime, for this kind of cylindrical geometry of the incinerator.

Le présent travail a pour objectif principal d’optimiser la combustion des composés organiques volatils issus de l’incinération des déchets ménagers solides. Une étude numérique de la combustion des composés organiques volatils en régime laminaire ou turbulent est présentée.En régime laminaire, les équations de la convection mixte, auxquelles nous avons associé, l’équation de transfert radiatif et un modèle de cinétique globale, ont été proposées et résolues.En régime turbulent, les équations de transfert couplées au modèle de cinétique globale et à l’équation de transferts radiatifs ont été proposées et résolues en utilisant le code Fluent Software. Pour le modèle de fermeture, nous avons choisi le modèle k – ε, et pour l’équation de transfert radiatif, la méthode des ordonnées discrètes. L’interaction entre la turbulence et la cinétique chimique est assurée par le modèle Eddy–Dissipation.Les résultats montrent que le procédé de thermodestruction des composés des fumées est d’autant plus efficace que le débit des fumées est faible. Les paramètres de la turbulence, à savoir l’énergie cinétique turbulente et son taux de dissipation, sont fortement influencés par la combustion et réciproquement, montrant un fort couplage entre la turbulence et la combustion. Les valeurs de ces paramètres augmentent avec l’accroissement du débit massique des fumées. La combustion des composés organiques volatils est plus efficace en régime laminaire qu’en régime turbulent pour ce type d’incinérateur cylindrique.
Éditorial n°72 Déchets Sciences et Techniques
Authors: Gourdon Rémy
Published: November 2016

Ce numéro spécial de DST regroupe une sélection de 6 articles qui ont fait l’objet de communications orales lors du Colloque E3D 2016 (Eau, Déchets & Développement Durable, http://www.e3d-lome.tg.refer.org/index.php) organisé du 7 au 11 mars 2016.à l’Université de Lomé, Togo, par L’Association Innovation et Technologie de Sfax (Tunisie), les Ecoles des Mines d’Alès et de Saint Etienne (France), l’Université Senghor d’Alexandrie (Egypte) et les Universités de Lomé et de Kara (Togo). Il s’agissait de la de la 5ème édition du Colloque E3D, qui est organisé tous les deux ans. Les précédentes éditions ont eu lieu en 2008 à Hammamet, Tunisie, en 2010 à Alexandrie, Egypte, en 2012 à Agadir, Maroc, et en 2014 à Alès, France.Outre la diffusion de connaissances scientifiques, de développements techniques et de pratiques managériales en sciences et génie de l’environnement, les objectifs d’E3D sont de stimuler les échanges et le dialogue Nord- Sud entre les chercheurs, les professionnels, et les pouvoirs publics et administrations dans le domaine de l'environnement et du développement durable. Au travers de ce numéro spécial, la revue DST contribue à ces objectifs qui rejoignent parfaitement sa ligne éditoriale, comme elle l’avait déjà fait dans son numéro 62 consacré à l’édition E3D 2012 d’Agadir.L’édition E3D 2016 de Lomé a regroupé 8 conférences plénièreset une centaine de communications thématiques de chercheurs séniors et juniors, de professionnels, et autres étudiants en doctorat ou master de recherche. Elle a permis un riche débat et un partage d’expériences entre le monde universitaire et le monde économique autour des enjeux du développement durable en Afrique, ouvrant la voie vers des solutions innovantes aux problématiques environnementales, économiques et sociales auxquelles la plupart des populations des pays en développement font face au quotidien.Gageons que les avancées apportées par E3D 2016 Lomé serviront utilement à une évolution positive de ces problématiques dans les années à venir. La revue DST continuera à s’associer à de telles initiatives pour contribuer à leur diffusion la plus large.Bonne lecture.
Casa en Ubatuba, Brasil
Authors: SPBR-Angelo Bucci Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

Ubatuba es una de las ciudades costeras más importantes de São Paulo. El solar, de 55 x 16 metros, limita con el mar en un lado y sube por una colina de pendiente pronunciada, únicamente alcanzando el nivel de la calle a los 28 metros. La colina está cubierta de árboles. El objetivo de preservar los árboles y la topografía inspiró toda la estrategia empleada para la concepción del proyecto: no tocar el terreno aparte de lo estrictamente necesario. Tres columnas de hormigón armado soportan la casa. Y se corresponden con los únicos puntos en los que el edificio toca el terreno.
Centro educativo Burle Marx en Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Brasil
Authors: Alexandre Brasil y Paula Zasnicoff Arquitectos
Published: November 2016

Inhotim es un lugar en formación, en donde arte contemporáneo y naturaleza se relacionan de una manera especial. Situado en el municipio de Brumadinho, Minas Gervais. El centro de arte contemporáneo de Inhotim tiene un área con 35 hectáreas de jardines –una parte de éstos fue creada por el paisajista Roberto Burle Marx– y abriga una extensa colección botánica. Además de la arquitectura de los museos convencionales y de los parques de escultura, Inhotim ofrece a los artistas la oportunidad de soñar y producir obras de compleja realización. Inhotim es un lugar para la educación, meditación y deleite.
Satellite observations of atmospheric methane and their value for quantifying methane emissions
Authors: Jacob Daniel J. , Turner Alexander J. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Sheng Jianxiong , Sun Kang , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Aben Ilse , McKeever Jason , Frankenberg Christian
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Methane is a greenhouse gas emitted by a range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Atmospheric methane has been measured continuously from space since 2003, and new instruments are planned for launch in the near future that will greatly expand the capabilities of space-based observations. We review the value of current, future, and proposed satellite observations to better quantify and understand methane emissions through inverse analyses, from the global scale down to the scale of point sources and in combination with suborbital (surface and aircraft) data. Current global observations from Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) are of high quality but have sparse spatial coverage. They can quantify methane emissions on a regional scale (100–1000 km) through multiyear averaging. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), to be launched in 2017, is expected to quantify daily emissions on the regional scale and will also effectively detect large point sources. A different observing strategy by GHGSat (launched in June 2016) is to target limited viewing domains with very fine pixel resolution in order to detect a wide range of methane point sources. Geostationary observation of methane, still in the proposal stage, will have the unique capability of mapping source regions with high resolution, detecting transient "super-emitter" point sources and resolving diurnal variation of emissions from sources such as wetlands and manure. Exploiting these rapidly expanding satellite measurement capabilities to quantify methane emissions requires a parallel effort to construct high-quality spatially and sectorally resolved emission inventories. Partnership between top-down inverse analyses of atmospheric data and bottom-up construction of emission inventories is crucial to better understanding methane emission processes and subsequently informing climate policy.