bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spirit of His Age
Authors: Natarajan Uttara
Published: April 2012

This essay treats Walter Pater's engagement with two key Romantic precursors, William Hazlitt and Charles Lamb. Hazlitt's influence is on Pater's characteristic genre, the verbal portrait that delineates a historical and cultural moment, as it manifests itself in an individual personality. Lamb's importance to Pater, on the other hand, is as paradigm or type: the man himself, as much as his writing. For Pater, Lamb's value is especially in his antiquarianism (an extraordinary, intimate relationship with the past), which is, at the same time and paradoxically, the indicator of modernity. The combination of past and present that Pater posits in Lamb captures the modern consciousness first described in The Renaissance (1873); equally, Lamb also embodies Pater's “reserve,” the ruling tenet of Appreciations (1889). Lamb's centrality to Pater's particular concerns and critical positions, illuminating in itself, also indicates a continuity from Pater's earliest to his later writings. Further, by uncovering the close and direct connections between Hazlitt, Lamb, and Pater, this essay establishes an identifiable line of succession in the practitioners of an important, but still largely neglected, prose genre of the nineteenth century.
Hepaticus encephalopathia és májátültetés
Authors: Fehérvári Imre , Nemes Balázs , Görög Dénes , Gerlei Zsuzsa , Kóbori László
Published: April 2012

Absztrakt

A Magyarországon évente 6,5–7 ezer ember halálát okozó májzsugorodás egyik gyakori szövődménye a hepaticus encephalopathia. Kialakulásában jelenlegi ismereteink szerint a szérum-ammóniaszint növekedése játszik szerepet, azonban súlyosságát egy, a közelmúltban publikált vizsgálat alapján a parenchymás dekompenzáció részeként észlelhető szisztémás gyulladásos válasz jelentősen befolyásolja. A szerzők ennek kapcsán áttekintik és elemzik a jelenleg alkalmazott kezelési módokat, illetve klinikai vizsgálatban igazolt jelentőségüket. A bizonyítékon alapuló orvoslás alapján a jelenleg általánosan elfogadott és javasolt peroralis diszacharid-, neomycin- vagy metronidazol-kezelés esetén csak részlegesen lehetett klinikai hatékonyságot igazolni. A jelenleg egyedül I. szintű bizonyítékkal bíró rifaximin esetén az alkalmazást korlátozó tényező az igen jelentős kezelési költség. A témában 2011 októberéig megjelent publikációk feldolgozása kapcsán észlelték, hogy nincs egységes irányelv a hepaticus encephalopathia kezelésére, noha annak foka szignifikánsan meghatározza a májátültetésre váró betegek várható túlélését. A feldolgozott forrásanyag alapján a szerzők javaslatot tesznek igazoltan hatásos kezelési mód alkalmazására, illetve felvetik az egységes kezelési elv kialakításának szükségességét.
Cathodoluminescence characterization of Si-doped orientation patterned GaAs crystals
Authors: Hortelano V. , Martínez O. , Jiménez J. , Snure M. , Lynch C. , Bliss D.
Published: April 2012

Orientation patterned (OP)-GaAs crystals are attractive materiasl for mid-infrared and terahertz lasers sources, using non linear optics frequency conversion from shorter wavelength sources. The optical propagation losses are critical to the fabrication of these sources; among the causes of optical losses the generation of defects and the incorporation of impurities must play a relevant role. The control of the incorporation of impurities and defects is, therefore, crucial to improve the performance of the OP-GaAs crystals as non linear optical materials. We present herein a cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis of OP-GaAS crystals intentionally doped with Si, in order to understand the incorporation paths of Si in the OP-GaAs crystals.
Effects of load histories on dynamic biaxial compressive damage behaviours of concrete
Authors: Xiao Shiyun , Hai Hong
Published: April 2012

The paper reports the results of biaxial dynamic compressive tests on plain concrete specimens that have undergone a loading history of 0, 30, 50 and 75% of biaxial compressive ultimate strength, carried out on a static–dynamic multiaxial test system, with strain rates ranging from 10−5/s to 10−2/s. The effect of load histories on dynamic stress–strain curves, dynamic compressive strengths, initial elastic moduli and critical strains of the concrete are studied. Test results demonstrate that the biaxial compressive strength and the biaxial critical strain of concrete decrease with the increasing loading history at the same strain rate, but the biaxial initial tangent modulus of concrete is independent of the load history at the same strain rate. Also, the effects of load histories on the biaxial damage threshold stress and strain of concrete in the stress and strain space are studied.
Integrating Biodiversity Management and Indigenous Biopiracy Protection to Promote Environmental Justice and Global Health
Authors: Mackey Tim K. , Liang Bryan A.
Published: April 2012

Many potentially useful medicines arise from developing countries’ biodiverse environments and indigenous knowledge. However, global intellectual property rules have resulted in biopiracy, raising serious ethical concerns of environmental justice, exploitation, and health disparities in these populations. Furthermore, state-based approaches have not led to adequate biodiversity protection, management, or resource sharing, which affect access to lifesaving drugs.

In response, country delegates adopted the Nagoya Protocol, which aims at promoting biodiversity management, combating biopiracy, and encouraging equitable benefits sharing with indigenous communities. However, the effectiveness of this framework in meeting these objectives remains in question.

To address these challenges, we propose a policy building on the Nagoya Protocol that employs a World Health Organization–World Trade Organization Joint Committee on Bioprospecting and Biopiracy.
A Prospective Investigation of Physical Health Outcomes in Abused and Neglected Children: New Findings From a 30-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Widom Cathy Spatz , Czaja Sally J. , Bentley Tyrone , Johnson Mark S.
Published: April 2012

Objectives. We investigated whether abused and neglected children are at risk for negative physical health outcomes in adulthood.

Methods. Using a prospective cohort design, we matched children (aged 0–11 years) with documented cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect from a US Midwestern county during 1967 through 1971 with nonmaltreated children. Both groups completed a medical status examination (measured health outcomes and blood tests) and interview during 2003 through 2005 (mean age = 41.2 years).

Results. After adjusting for age, gender, and race, child maltreatment predicted above normal hemoglobin, lower albumin levels, poor peak airflow, and vision problems in adulthood. Physical abuse predicted malnutrition, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin A1C. Neglect predicted hemoglobin A1C, albumin, poor peak airflow, and oral health and vision problems, Sexual abuse predicted hepatitis C and oral health problems. Additional controls for childhood socioeconomic status, adult socioeconomic status, unhealthy behaviors, smoking, and mental health problems play varying roles in attenuating or intensifying these relationships.

Conclusions. Child abuse and neglect affect long-term health status—increasing risk for diabetes, lung disease, malnutrition, and vision problems—and support the need for early health care prevention.
Determination of the limit load of statically indeterminate truss girders
Authors: Petrovic Zarko , Milosevic Bojan , Mijalkovic Marina , Brcic Stanko
Published: April 2012

The paper presents the procedure of limit load calculation of elasto-plastic
trusses exposed to the action of proportional load which is gradually
increased until the formation of failure mechanism. The calculation is based
on the application of static and kinematic theorem of limit analysis which
are the basis of the limit analysis of structures which produce the value of
the limit load in a quick and efficient manner. Application of these theorems
is displayed on the examples of truss girders loaded by one- and twoparameter
load.
Graphic representation of a triaxial ellipsoid by means of a sphere in general collinear spaces
Authors: Krasic Sonja , Markovic Biserka
Published: April 2012

For graphic representation of the projective creations, such as the quadrics
(II degree surfaces) in projective, general collinear spaces, it is necessary
to firstly determine the characteristic parameters, such as: vanishing
planes, axes and centers of space. An absolute conic of a space is an
imaginary conic, residing in the infinitely distant plane of that space. The
common elements of the absolute conic and infinitely distant conic of a
quadric in the infinitely distant plane of that space are the autopolar
triangle and two double straight lines which are always real and it is
necessary to use the common elements of their associated pair of conics in
the vanishing plane of the associated space. The quadric axes are passing
through the apices of the autopolar triangle, and they are important for
graphic representation of the quadrics. In order to map a sphere in the first
space into the triaxial ellipsoid in the second space, it is necessary to
select a sphere so that its center is not on the axis of that space and that
it intersects the vanishing plane of the second space along the imaginary
circumference, which is in general position with the figure of the absolute
conic of the second space (the associated pair of conics in the vanishing
plane).
Spatial disposition of social facilities in the primary school organization
Authors: Tanic Milan , Kondic Slavisa , Stankovic Danica
Published: April 2012

As a consequence of expanding functions of primary schools, the manifestation
of social facilities represent an indispensable part of the spatial framework
of contemporary pedagogical process with a specially pronounced social
component. Irrespective of the size of the school, high level of usability
and connectedness of all areas which are often consequentially
multifunctional in character, represents one of the basic ways for overcoming
of rigid spatial-functional volumes characteristic for architectonic design
of traditional schools. In the paper, an analysis of three possible
dispositions of social functions was done - of central, linear and
dislocated. Conditioned by specific influential factors, for each of the
spatial dispositions, functional characteristics have been systematized. On
their basis, it was concluded that in optimal conditions of architectonic
organization of primary school, application of central disposition can to the
best measure contribute to achieving the spatial-functional quality of social
functions.
FEM modeling of spatial structural systems in evaluation of the real structural performances
Authors: Kovacevic Dusan , Rankovic Slobodan
Published: April 2012

The paper is a review of enhanced concept of CASA (Computer Aided Structural
Analysis) software application in FEM modeling of spatial structural systems
of bridges, buildings, industrial facilities, machine devices, etc. in
evaluation procedures of real structural performances. Contrary to everyday
engineering design circumstances, which comprehend, primarily, respect of
technical regulations, FEM modeling in case of structural evaluation, needs,
in some sense, alternative type of creativity. Chosen examples could be
illustrative for this attitude.
Impact of the number of coupling points on values of composite beams deformations
Authors: Taric Mirsad , Maslak Emir
Published: April 2012

Technological development, thanks to which high-performance materials were
produced, allowed engineers to design elegant structures, which in the total
load have smaller share of dead weight. All this gave an opportunity to
bridge the large spans. Technological development is accompanied by the
development of powerful computer software that is able to, in the phase of
construction modelling, include many parameters. Thanks to that, designers
have a better insight into how elements behave under load, and they are able
to choose how to use material and exploit their good characteristics.
Composite structures, formed by coupling of steel and concrete, rank among
the modern structures. Their advantage lies in the fact that the steel part
of the cross-section takes part in tensile stresses transfer, while the
concrete part, because of its massiveness, takes part in compressive stress
transfer. Redistribution of stresses in one composite cross-section depends
on many factors. In this paper, using finite element method, the influence of
number coupling points on the deformation of simply supported beam, with a
composite cross-section was analyzed. The span of the beam is 5m.
Gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal dysfunction in a dog
Authors: Lux Cassie N. , Archer Todd M. , Lunsford Kari V.
Published: April 2012

Case Description—A 7-year-old neutered male Saint Bernard was evaluated because of a 6-month history of coughing, gagging, change in phonation, excessive panting, and chronic intermittent vomiting and diarrhea.

Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed no remarkable findings other than panting. Total thyroxine concentration and results of a CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, urinalysis, and thoracic radiography were within reference limits. A laryngeal examination revealed edema, erythema, and ulceration of the larynx and pharynx, with normal laryngeal movement. Results of bronchoscopy and cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were diagnostic only for distal tracheitis. Esophagoscopy and an esophagography revealed esophagitis consistent with gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroduodenoscopy and histologic examination of biopsy specimens revealed Helicobacter colonization and lymphocytic or plasmacytic enteritis.

Treatment and Outcome—Following treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and suspected Helicobacter infection with combination antacid and antimicrobial treatment, the dog's respiratory signs resolved but vomiting continued. Gastroduodenoscopy revealed complete resolution of the previous laryngitis, pharyngitis, and esophagitis. Treatment for the lymphocytic or plasmacytic enteritis was initiated with prednisone (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) and a novel protein diet. The previous treatment was also continued. Complete resolution of clinical signs was maintained 4 months after initiation of appropriate treatment.

Clinical Relevance—Laryngeal dysfunction induced by gastroesophageal reflux as occurred in the patient described in this report is a previously undocumented association in the veterinary literature. This association could be a potential consideration in dogs with concurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal signs. The present report may provide a basis for further studies investigating this association.
Moisture-dependent frictional and aerodynamic properties of safflower seeds
Authors: Kara M. , Bastaban S. , Öztürk I. , Kalkan F. , Yildiz C.
Published: April 2012

Moisture-dependent frictional and aerodynamic properties of safflower seeds

The seeds of two safflower cultivars were investigated in order to determine their frictional and aerodynamic properties as a function of moisture content. The coefficients of dynamic friction of cultivars on aluminium, plywood, fibreglass and steel surfaces increased by 87, 56, 78, and 129% for cv. Remzibey-05 seed, and by 91, 31, 71, and 131% for cv. Dinçer seed, respectively, between the initial and final moisture content levels. The terminal velocities of the Remzibey-05 and Dinçer seeds increased by 15 and 11%, respectively, with increase in moisture content between the initial and final levels.
Entropies and Scaling Exponents of Street and Fracture Networks
Authors: Mohajeri Nahid , Gudmundsson Agust
Published: April 2012

Many natural and man-made lineaments form networks that can be analysed through entropy and energy considerations. Here we report the results of a detailed study of the variations in trends and lengths of 1554 named streets and 6004 street segments, forming a part of the evolving street network of the city of Dundee in East Scotland. Based on changes in the scaling exponents (ranging from 0.24 to 3.89), the streets can be divided into 21 populations. For comparison, we analysed 221 active crustal fractures in Iceland that (a) are of similar lengths as the streets of Dundee; (b) are composed of segments; and (c) form evolving networks. The streets and fractures follow power-law size distributions (validated through various statistical tests) that can be partly explained in terms of the energies needed for their formation. The entropies of the 21 street populations and 9 fracture populations show strong linear correlations with (1) the scaling exponents (R2 = 0.845–0.947 for streets, R2 = 0.859 for fractures) and with (2) the length ranges, that is, the differences between the longest and shortest streets/fractures, (R2 = 0.845–0.906 for streets, R2 = 0.927 for fractures).
Humidity-Induced Charge Leakage and Field Attenuation in Electric Field Microsensors
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Fang Dongming , Yang Pengfei , Peng Chunrong , Wen Xiaolong , Xia Shanhong
Published: April 2012

The steady-state zero output of static electric field measuring systems often fluctuates, which is caused mainly by the finite leakage resistance of the water film on the surface of the electric field microsensor package. The water adsorption has been calculated using the Boltzmann distribution equation at various relative humidities for borosilicate glass and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces. At various humidities, water film thickness has been calculated, and the induced charge leakage and field attenuation have been theoretically investigated. Experiments have been performed with microsensors to verify the theoretical predictions and the results are in good agreement.
Urban Densification and Recreational Quality of Public Urban Green Spaces—A Viennese Case Study
Authors: Arnberger Arne
Published: April 2012

Public urban green spaces play an important role in urban sustainability. These places should provide high-quality recreation experiences for the urban residents. However, they are often overused. The Wienerberg area in the south of Vienna, Austria, was transformed from a waste disposal site into a natural recreation area. During the past years, intensive settlement densification processes have taken place, resulting in a doubling of the local population living within a few minutes walking distance. An on-site survey among green space visitors (N = 231) revealed that the majority of them considered the area to be overcrowded on Sundays/holidays and reported a perceived increase in visitor numbers during the past years. Visitors with more past experience, as well as those who have perceived an increase in visitor numbers during recent years, reported higher crowding perceptions. A significant proportion of them try to avoid these crowds, relying on behavioral coping strategies, such as inter-area displacement. While urban regeneration has provided an attractive recreation area, urban densification around the green space appears to have reduced its recreational quality. Monitoring recreation quality indicators, such as crowding perceptions, seems to be useful for sustainable urban green space management and city planning.
Fantasmes d'auto-engendrement
Authors: Maqueda Francis
Published: April 2012

Résumé A l’adolescence, l’illusion groupale produit « une scène fraternelle » et des fantasmes d’auto-engendrement. Dans nos sociétés pluri-culturelles, certains groupes d’adolescents se défendent de l’intégration de la différence culturelle en attaquant l’altérité. Cela souligne un paradoxe de la fraternité qui si elle est réduite à la reproduction du même, provoque de l’exclusion et un risque anomique.
Etéocle et Polynice, frères ennemis
Authors: Granjon Evelyn
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’histoire de la famille d’Œdipe est celle d’une lignée sinistre, celle des Labdacides. Dans cette famille, marquée par le « désir des Dieux », où malheurs et boiteries de l’âme se répètent de générations en générations, seule une lecture filiative est faite : la malédiction originelle tisse la trame invisible et continue de l’héritage, infiltre les liens d’alliance et infléchit le destin des héritiers. Mais la famille, au sens groupal, n’est jamais évoquée. Quel eut été le destin des enfants d’Œdipe si un travail dans l’intersubjectivité du groupe familial et dans les liens fraternels en particulier avait été possible ? Un travail de mythopoïèse aurait-il permis la reprise, sur une autre scène, celle du groupe, la transformation et l’élaboration de la « part maudite de l’héritage » ?
Jeux de fratrie, enjeux de famille
Authors: Joly Fabienne , Puthomme Serge
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le caractère particulier d’une demande de consultation a participé à la mise en place d’un dispositif associant psychodrame de fratrie et entretiens familiaux. À travers l’exposé de cette expérience clinique les auteurs s’interrogent sur les effets produits par ce cadre thérapeutique sur l’appareil psychique familial. La réflexion est orientée vers les modalités de « mise au jour et de mise en jeux » des difficultés d’individuation ainsi qu’en direction de la dimension transférentielle en soulignant ses effets sur le travail élaboratif.
Intimité et lien intime
Authors: Chevalérias Marie-Paule
Published: April 2012

Résumé Si la notion d’intimité est encore peu explorée en psychanalyse, l’analyse de textes psychanalytiques y faisant référence nous permet d’approcher les conditions de sa mise en place et la dynamique psychique qu’elle sous-tend. Dès lors il apparaît qu’intime et secrète, l’intimité entre deux êtres, engagée dans un rapport de confiance et de séduction, est un espace relationnel “hors du commun” dans lequel les sujets se mettent insatiablement en quête d’un savoir par l’autre sur l’énigme du manque. Car cette expérience relationnelle, vécue dans un temps limité, attire en rappelant “étrangement” des interrogations primitives relatives aux sources du désir. Cette intimité, dynamisée par le manque et dans laquelle se transfèrent des éléments de l’histoire, conduit dès lors à un lien profond et privilégié. Les défaillances de l’intimité tiennent à la non reconnaissance de l’altérité et au désir de combler le manque par l’autre.
Le désir « d'extimité » mis à nu
Authors: Tisseron Serge
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le désir d’intimité entre à tout moment en concurrence avec un autre qu’on peut appeler « d’extimité ». Il correspond au désir de montrer une partie de sa vie intime, autant physique que psychique, afin de mieux se l’approprier grâce aux échanges suscités avec les proches. Or si son existence n’est pas nouvelle, sa revendication, et surtout ses manifestations multiples bouleversent aujourd’hui le paysage social et familial.
Quand l'intime est tabou
Authors: Attigui Patricia
Published: April 2012

Résumé Lorsque la réalité fait irruption dans le cabinet de l’analyste et vient révéler la portée réelle et traumatique d’expériences vécues dans la sphère de l’intime, à commencer par celle de l’inceste, il convient de maintenir la tension entre fantasme et réalité, mais il est aussi nécessaire pour l’analyste de consentir à un aménagement, et du cadre thérapeutique, et de sa technique. Le récit d’une cure nous aidera à préciser les souffrances liées à une intime effraction jusqu’alors restée tabou, et leur dépassement.
Le travail du négatif dans le lien adoptif
Authors: Grange-Ségéral Évelyne
Published: April 2012

Résumé À l’aide d’un exemple clinique de thérapie familiale psychanalytique, l’auteur interroge les modalités de transmission et les modalités de symbolisation présentes et nécessaires à l’affiliation des données transgénérationnelles des partenaires en présence dans la situation adoptive. Le travail de reconstruction et de représentation des éprouvés corporels, des traumas et des angoisses abandonniques est mis en évidence à travers l’inter étayage de la symbolisation entre parents et enfants. Dans ce travail, ressort particulièrement l’importance du corporel et de la symbolisation pré-verbale dans un processus de régression fomentée par le dispositif de thérapie familiale.
Et si, à l'origine des mensonges, il y avait un mensonge sur les origines ?
Authors: Chouvier Bernard , Masuy Véronique
Published: April 2012

Résumé Dans une histoire d’adoption douloureuse, l’utilisation répétitive de mensonges enfantins au cœur d’une clinique de l’intersubjectivité, amène à envisager la parole mensongère comme une attaque des liens familiaux, en réponse à ce qui peut être considéré comme un mensonge sur les origines. Cette attaque « de biais » garantit, en même temps qu’elle autorise un processus de subjectivation, un fonctionnement familial sous le primat du Moi Idéal.
Fantasmes pervers dans le rapt d'enfants de disparus en Argentine
Authors: Popper Haydée
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les fantasmes pervers sous-jacents aux rapts d’enfants de disparus en Argentine sont variés dans leur degré de régression. Ils se trouvent soutenus par d’intenses mécanismes défensifs de clivage, déni et désaveu, afin de nier la mort, le crime et la castration. L’auteur examine plusieurs hypothèses et les conséquences individuelles et collectives sur les liens de filiation et la construction du sujet.
Le cadeau de dieu
Authors: Weyland Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’auteur évoque le témoignage vécu, éminemment subjectif, de l’adoption d’un bébé de trois mois d’origine étrangère. Ce fut une expérience essoufflante d’amour mais aussi un parcours d’obstacles. Car, avant l’arrivée du petit garçon, il y a le cauchemar des fécondations in vitro, puis les démarches administratives pour obtenir le droit-d’élever-des-enfants-même-si-on-n’y-arrive-pas-tout-seul. L’entourage est parfois surprenant, dispensant rumeurs et bons conseils. Mais tout est balayé quand le bébé arrive enfin dans les bras. À la seconde même, une famille prend chair irrémédiablement. Théo (de Théodore, le cadeau de dieu) occupe beaucoup de place, sans doute pour qu’on ne le laisse pas tomber une deuxième fois ! Vision paternelle de cette séquence de vie et d’amour.
Psychanalyse du lien familial
Authors: Joubert Christiane
Published: April 2012

Résumé Au sein du fonctionnement familial, les liens narcissiques et libidinaux s’entrecroisent sans cesse. Lorsque les liens narcissiques envahissent la scène au détriment des liens libidinaux, un fonctionnement régressif familial s’installe. On parle de positions narcissiques familiales : soit en fusion-rupture, soit sur des modes pervers narcissiques (idéalisation, dénigrement, confusion des générations, etc.). Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les deuils non faits dans les lignées entraînent une prévalence des liens narcissiques dans la famille et un fonctionnement dans l’indifférenciation.
Fantômes agglutinés en clinique familiale
Authors: Konicheckis Alberto
Published: April 2012

Résumé Comment déterminer la démarche thérapeutique à adopter en adéquation avec la pathologie de l’enfant, du couple parental ou de la famille ? Les consultations familiales avec Théo, enfant d’un peu moins de deux ans et des membres de sa famille, où des naissances ont succédé à des décès, montrent l’importance d’un noyau familial agglutiné, formé par la condensation d’éléments hétéroclites et plurigénérationnels, et hors duquel les membres de la famille ont l’impression de ne pas pouvoir exister. Le passé prend le dessus sur le présent et la différence entre les générations ne peut pas s’établir. Tout comme le miroir de Dionysos, les consultations familiales rassemblent les fragments dispersés de la famille afin de créer une représentation qui permet ensuite aux individualités de se développer. C’est ainsi qu’une psychothérapie spécifique pour Théo put être envisagée dans un deuxième temps.
À propos du père dans la parentalité lesbienne
Authors: Ducousso-Lacaze Alain
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le présent travail propose une réflexion sur les familles dites homoparentales à partir d’entretiens de recherche clinique réalisés auprès de couples de femmes lesbiennes ayant eu un enfant par insémination artificielle avec donneur (IAD). Nous tentons plus particulièrement de dégager ce qu’il en est de la fonction paternelle dans ce genre de configuration familiale. Au point où nous en sommes de nos recherches, les entretiens nous permettent de repérer quatre figures du père : le père qui autorise, le père en tant que modèle identificatoire, le généreux donneur, le père qui dérange.
L'impossible pari : devenir mère et rester homosexuelle
Authors: Vivier-Vacheret Claudine
Published: April 2012

Résumé Ce texte présente le cas d’une patiente qui, après avoir eu une relation incestueuse, s’engage dans des relations homosexuelles. Elle développe un affect de rage contre ses parents et n’en finit pas de régler des comptes avec eux, avec violence à travers ces relations. Elle souhaite avoir un enfant avec un homme lui-même homosexuel, cherchant à sauvegarder les bénéfices narcissiques de la relation homoérotique et tout en même temps l’illusion d’être parvenue à supporter la castration, liée à la conflictualité œdipienne.
Banlieues et périphéries. Des singularités françaises aux réalités mondiales
Authors: Vettraino Jean
Published: April 2012

Résumé Hervé Vieillard-Baron, Banlieues et périphéries. Des singularités françaises aux réalités mondiales , Hachette, 2011 [2001], 304 p., 17,90 €
La vulnérabilité : une nouvelle catégorie morale ?
Authors: Heriard Dubreuil Bertrand
Published: April 2012

Résumé Nathalie Maillard, La vulnérabilité : une nouvelle catégorie morale ? , Labor et fides, 2011, 386 p., 32 €
L'oligarchie des incapables
Authors: Renouard Camille
Published: April 2012

Résumé Sophie Coignard et Romain Gubert, L’oligarchie des incapables , Albin Michel, 2012, 368 p., 20 €
Explorer et comprendre l’insatisfaction du public face à la « clémence » des tribunaux
Authors: Leclerc Chloé
Published: April 2012

Les sondages sur la justice criminelle indiquent qu’entre 70 et 80% des citoyens sont insatisfaits par la clémence des tribunaux considérant que ceux-ci imposent des sentences qui ne sont pas assez sévères. Cet article explore différentes mesures de l’opinion publique sur les sentences des tribunaux. Il démontre que lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à des mises en situation détaillées qui présentent les circonstances qui entourent le délit et l’accusé, les citoyens sont beaucoup moins insatisfaits de la clémence des tribunaux et cela même si on leur demande d’estimer la sentence des tribunaux ou si on leur fournit la sentence réellement imposée. La deuxième partie de l’article cherche à comprendre pourquoi certains citoyens, dans certains contextes, sont portés à croire que les tribunaux n’auraient pas été assez sévères. Nous vérifions si les caractéristiques individuelles des citoyens (âge, sexe, opinions, etc.), mais surtout leurs interprétations des différents éléments des causes criminelles (évaluation de la gravité, importance accordée à la réhabilitation de l’individu, etc.) permettent d’expliquer leur insatisfaction à l’égard des sentences des tribunaux.
Fundamental Patterns for Enterprise Integration Services
Authors: Aier Stephan , Winter Robert
Published: April 2012

Enterprise integration projects link or merge artifacts across many functions, processes and management levels in a company or government agency. In the absence of methods generic enough to cover the diverse range of enterprise integration projects and adaptable enough to support specific projects effectively, integration services promise to constitute a suitable “middle layer”. Since patterns and reference models could serve as such a middle layer, existing work in the fields of patterns in computer science and reference modeling in information systems engineering is analyzed. In a bottom-up manner, alignment, derivation, binding and merge are proposed as fundamental patterns for enterprise integration. Integration services are identified as integration tasks associated with these base patterns. Such integration services are clustered into enterprise integration patterns that serve as fragments for composing a context and project type specific enterprise integration project. Two case studies illustrate the concept and gain initial validation insights.
Exploration of Adoption of Service Innovations through Technology Road-Mapping
Authors: Daim Tugrul , Harmon Robert , Demirkan Haluk
Published: April 2012

This paper utilizes a technology road-mapping approach to demonstrate how a traditional technology management process can be applied to improve planning practices for technology-driven service innovations. With location based services (LBS) as the focus, the paper explores business, market, product and services drivers in developing the technology roadmap. Thus, the study demonstrates that technology management theory and processes from the product domain may be usefully applied to the management of technology-driven service innovations. The case study analysis identified service drivers including security, privacy and mobility as important factors for LBS success. Potentially disruptive service innovations resulting from the convergence of the computer and wireless industries are explored.
Pricing Integrated Customer Solutions
Authors: Bonnemeier Sebastian , Burianek Ferdinand , Reichwald Ralf
Published: April 2012

Integrating products and services to customized solutions can help firms differentiate from their competitors. In practice, however, various companies fall short in extracting value from their customers. Therefore, this paper focuses on pricing aspects as central means for value appropriation in the context of solutions. Following the resource-based view of the firm, the authors adopt a process-oriented perspective on pricing practices in order to identify crucial factors and activities. Based on 15 in-depth interviews with practitioners from various industries, this paper derives six steps of a price management process for value appropriation in the context of solution selling and presents critical activities and routines within each step.
An Integrated Methodology for the Evaluation of Electronic Port Services
Authors: Marianos Nikolaos , Lambrou Maria
Published: April 2012

This article introduces a formal evaluation methodology for IT investments specifically designed to cope with the needs of port industry. Port industry is a service-oriented industry and, as such, is characterised by the intangible nature of benefits. The goal of this paper is to develop a methodology for the evaluation of container terminal related electronic services that incorporates both strategic and analytic evaluation techniques for performing both ex-ante and ex-post evaluation. Port industry is an interesting case because, although it is characterised by intense competition and ports have to concentrate in satisfying the customers’ needs by proving value added services with the use of advanced information and communication technologies (ICT), it is also characterised by a lag in adopting new technologies and techniques compared to other industries. In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the industry’s specific needs and proposes a dynamic evaluation methodology specifically designed to satisfy them.
Commonality in the Origin and the Manifestation in the Real World of Electronegativity and Hardness
Authors: Islam Nazmul , Ghosh Dulal C.
Published: April 2012

The electronegativity and the hardness are two different fundamental descriptors of atoms and molecules, and this chapter describes how the authors have logistically discovered the commonality between the heuristic and basic philosophical structures of their origin and also the manifestation in the real world. Also, the chapter demonstrates that the physical hardness and the chemical hardness with evolution of time have converged to one and the same general principle– the hardness. The authors also try to expose the physical basis and operational significance of another very important descriptor–the electronegativity. The chapter also explores whether the hardness equalization principle can be conceived analogous to the well established electronegativity equalization principle. The authors hypothesize that the electronegativity and the absolute hardness are two different appearances of the one and the same fundamental property of atoms, and the Hardness Equalization Principle can be equally conceived like the electronegativity equalization principle. To test this hypothesis, the authors have made several comparative studies by evaluating some well known chemico-physical descriptors of the real world, such as hetero nuclear bond distances, dipole charges, and dipole moments of molecules. The detailed comparative study suggests that the paradigm of the hardness equalization principle may be another law of nature like the established electronegativity equalization principle.
On the Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Nanocapsules
Authors: Alisafaei F. , Ansari R.
Published: April 2012

The structure of carbon nanotubes is recognized to be suitable for medical applications such as encapsulating drugs or genes with the aim of targeted deliveries. In this regard, knowing about the suction force exerted on a nonoscale object which is supposed to be sucked into a carbon nanotube, and whether the object is accepted by the carbon nanotube are important issues to be studied. In this chapter, considering the nanoscale object as a carbon nanotube, a new semi-analytical method is developed to determine the van der Waals interaction between two concentric single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Overview of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and their Modeling
Authors: Qadri Nadia N. , Fleury Martin
Published: April 2012

Infrastructureless or ad hoc wireless networks have long been a target of research, because of their flexibility, which is matched by the difficulty of managing them. As this research approaches maturity, it behoves researchers to be more responsible in modeling such networks. In particular, as this chapter discusses, the range of ad hoc networks has been extended to vehicular networks, for which it is no longer possible to loosely define their topology. The chapter then discusses how to improve the modeling of such networks in terms of more representative wireless channel models and more realistic mobility models for vehicular networks. The chapter also contains a review of a topic that has been the subject of intensive research: selection of suitable multi-hop routing. The chapter serves as a prelude to the study of applications on such networks, including multimedia streaming.
Encouraging the Development of Renewable Energy
Authors: Viardot Eric
Published: April 2012

The development of Renewable Energy (RE) has become a major societal challenge. Even though RE technology is improving fast, the general public has been slow to adopt it. Meanwhile many RE cooperatives have been created; they act as social entrepreneurs in utilizing the social capital of a community to engage the public. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to consider how they can contribute to the adoption of RE. The author uses an exploratory research design with a multiple case approach drawing on nine RE cooperatives. The chapter discusses a number of actions implemented by cooperatives in order to develop the adoption of RE. These are related to the diminishing of the RE costs, the use of educational campaigns, and the setting of RE projects at local level; the specific status of cooperatives is another facilitating factor. The author concludes by drawing future directions for research and stressing the cultural challenges for the RE cooperative model.
Review of Energy Efficiency Adoption Literature from a Demand Side Management Perspective
Authors: Iskin Ibrahim , Daim Tugrul
Published: April 2012

It has been observed that some of the energy efficiency terms may cause misinterpretation if one does not grasp research perspectives in the energy efficiency literature. The importance of understanding these terms and perspectives emerges from the fact that varying perspectives propose different levels of energy efficiency potential, which have significant implications on determination of market barriers and the extent of market interventions. This study places a special focus on taxonomy studies in the literature, and articulates the terms and perspectives along with their implications on energy efficiency program design. Furthermore, this study also approaches the energy efficiency literature from an academic perspective, providing further research suggestions and taxonomy of earlier studies with respect to data collection and research methods, technologies, and end users studied. It is expected that the outcome of this research is going to help practitioners establish clear links between energy efficiency program design specifications and market diffusion related issues, as well as guide the next wave of academic research initiatives.
Multitasking Bar
Authors: Wang Qing , Chang Huiyou , Liu Huiyang
Published: April 2012

This chapter clarifies two common patterns of multitasking on the Web, namely Multiple Tasks (MT) and Multiple Session Task (MST). Multi-Tasks (MT) is defined as executing a set of tasks simultaneously where the execution often depends on bundles of Web pages. Multi-Session Task (MST), on the other hand, is defined as executing a single task spanning multiple Web sessions. To support both of these, the task concept needs to be introduced into a browser. An online pilot survey has revealed which attributes of the task concept are most significant to Web users, and as a result, a simple prototype, the Multitasking Bar (MB), has been proposed based on these findings. The MB copes with the multitasking needs of both MT and MST in the browser by providing functions for task related Web page management and task schedule management. A two-session controlled experiment has been conducted to evaluate the MB and to compare user performance and experience when multitasking on the Web with and without support for MT and MST. Results show that support for both MST and MT significantly improves user task performance efficiency and greatly enhances the user experience when multitasking on the Web.
Question-Answer Approach to Human-Computer Interaction in Collaborative Designing
Authors: Sosnin Petr
Published: April 2012

The chapter presents a question-answer approach to the programming of Human-Computer Interactions (HCI) during collaborative development of software intensive systems. Efficiency of the general work can be essentially increased if the human part of the work is informed by precedents and executed with a special kind of pseudo-program by “intellectual processors.” The role of any processor of such type is fulfilled by a designer. The suggested approach was investigated and evolved until an instrumental system providing the pseudo-code programming of intellectual processors combined with computer processors. Interactions between processors are based on question-answer reasoning. Pseudo-code programs and their corresponding instrumental means can be combined easily with traditional HCI.
The Activity Circle
Authors: Sarini Marcello
Published: April 2012

The chapter describes the Activity Circle, a social visualization mechanism based on the concept of Social Proxy, a minimalist graphical representation that portrays socially salient aspects of users’ interactions. The Activity Circle allows users to socialize how they perceive the accomplishment of work activities that are regulated by a workflow technology. The social information visualized by the Activity Circle should primarily allow people to share the distributed viscosity perception about the workflow technology used; perceived distributed viscosity concerns the perception of the extra amount of work required by this technology to fulfill the users’ organization goals, where “distributed” indicates that different groups of users perceive the impact of workflow technology differently. Making this information explicit may help groups of users reconcile the conflicts about disparities introduced by workflow technology. This information could also be used by management to design more equitable workflow technology.
Designing “Faster” Progress Bars
Authors: Harrison Chris , Yeo Zhiquan , Amento Brian , Hudson Scott E.
Published: April 2012

Human perception of time is fluid, and can be manipulated in purposeful and productive ways. In this chapter, the authors describe and evaluate how progress bar pacing behaviors and graphical design can alter users’ perceptions of an operation’s duration. Although progress bars are relatively simple, they provide an ideal playground in which to experiment with perceptual effects in user interface design. As a baseline in the experiments, the authors use generic, solid-color progress bars with linear pacing behaviors, prevalent in many user interfaces. In a series of direct comparison tests, they are able to rank how different progress bar designs compare to one another. Using these results, it is possible to craft perceptually-optimized progress bars that appear faster, even though their actual duration remains unchanged. Throughout, the authors include design suggestions that can contribute to an overall more responsive, pleasant, and human-centric computing experience.
Dynamic Generation of Adaptive Tutoring
Authors: Gaid Khulood , Alkhalifa Eshaa
Published: April 2012

Adaptive Educational Systems are able to alter an online course as per the needs of each student. Existing technologies require significant time and effort to design and build such courses. This chapter offers a solution allowing instructors to build a practical adaptive system as they upload their lessons and tests to the online site. The system asks the instructor to associate multiple choice answers that are incorrect with error pattern names and to associate the error patterns with lessons students need to review. The result is that the adaptable system is dynamically built as the course progresses. A student views a student profile screen that is adapted to that student’s level of knowledge and displays that student’s misconceptions. On the other hand, an instructor can use a reports view of the system to extract common error co-occurrences and infer information about the difficulties faced by students in that course.
Cloud Monitoring
Authors: Hasselmeyer Peer , Katsaros Gregory , Koller Bastian , Wieder Philipp
Published: April 2012

The management of the entire service landscape comprising a Cloud environment is a complex and challenging venture. There, one task of utmost importance, is the generation and processing of information about the state, health, and performance of the various services and IT components, something which is generally referred to as monitoring. Such information is the foundation for proper assessment and management of the whole Cloud. This chapter pursues two objectives: first, to provide an overview of monitoring in Cloud environments and, second, to propose a solution for interoperable and vendor-independent Cloud monitoring. Along the way, the authors motivate the necessity of monitoring at the different levels of Cloud infrastructures, introduce selected state-of-the-art, and extract requirements for Cloud monitoring. Based on these requirements, the following sections depict a Cloud monitoring solution and describe current developments towards interoperable, open, and extensible Cloud monitoring frameworks.
The Security of Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Civilini Massimo
Published: April 2012

The development of commercial Cloud environments has been fueled by the introduction of new technologies which have changed the interactions between the base components of a legacy IT infrastructure: computing, networking, and storage. In particular, the security of data and operations has been impacted by these changes, making the legacy security infrastructure no longer adequate to support new scenarios. This chapter illustrates how base infrastructure operations like software provisioning and resource virtualization are critical from a security viewpoint. It will also discuss the mitigation solutions available in guaranteeing an adequate level of security in the Cloud.