bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma-Derived Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Carboxyl-Terminal Deletion Mutants Are Transforming and Are Sensitive to EGFR-Directed Therapies
Authors: Cho Jeonghee , Pastorino Sandra , Zeng Qing , Xu Xiaoyin , Johnson William , Vandenberg Scott , Verhaak Roel , Cherniack Andrew D. , Watanabe Hideo , Dutt Amit , Kwon Jihyun , Chao Ying S. , Onofrio Robert C. , Chiang Derek , Yuza Yuki , Kesari Santosh , Meyerson Matthew
Published: October 2011

Genomic alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene play a crucial role in pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). By systematic analysis of GBM genomic data, we have identified and characterized a novel exon 27 deletion mutation occurring within the EGFR carboxyl-terminus domain (CTD), in addition to identifying additional examples of previously reported deletion mutations in this region. We show that the GBM-derived EGFR CTD deletion mutants are able to induce cellular transformation in vitro and in vivo in the absence of ligand and receptor autophosphorylation. Treatment with the EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, or the small molecule EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, effectively impaired tumorigenicity of oncogenic EGFR CTD deletion mutants. Cetuximab in particular prolonged the survival of intracranially xenografted mice with oncogenic EGFR CTD deletion mutants, compared with untreated control mice. Therefore, we propose that erlotinib and, especially, cetuximab treatment may be a promising therapeutic strategy in GBM patients harboring EGFR CTD deletion mutants. Cancer Res; 71(24); 7587–96. ©2011 AACR.
Isolation and Characterization of Atrioventricular Nodal Cells From Neonate Rabbit Heart
Authors: Ye Sheng Xiao , Qu Yang , Dan Pauline , Lin Eric , Korthout Linda , Bradford Aaron , Hove-Madsen Leif , Sanatani Shubhayan , Tibbits Glen F.
Published: October 2011

Background—

The properties of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the neonate heart and its role in unique pediatric cardiac arrhythmias such as junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) are poorly understood. This is due in large part to the dearth of information on the structure and physiology of the AV node in the immature myocardium.

Methods and Results—

Sinoatrial nodal cells (SANCs), AV nodal tissues, and myocytes (AVNCs) were obtained from neonatal (10-day-old) rabbits, and the histological, immunohistological, and electrophysiological properties were characterized in detail. Masson's trichrome histological staining clearly delineated AV nodal structures including the inferior nodal extension, compact node, and the bundle of His region. AV tissue sections and AVNCs were immunolabeled against neurofilament 160 (NF160), connexin 43 (Cx43), hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide modulated channel (HCN4), sodium/calcium exchanger, ryanodine receptor, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
pump (SERCA), and phospholamban (PLB). In AVNCs with triple-positive NF160, SERCA, and PLB labeling, SERCA and PLB were found with high degrees of colocalization. The majority (59%) of NF160-positive AVNCs were found to coexpress HCN4. NF160 and HCN4 expression was found to be even higher in SANCs, where 88% of SANCs exhibited coexpression. Spontaneous action potentials recorded from isolated neonatal AVNCs were uniformly of the atrionodal type, showing none of the action potential heterogeneities found in the mature heart. Current recordings found the hyperpolarization-activated funny current (
I
f
) in 55% (11 of 21 cells) of AVNCs, consistent with the immunocytochemistry results.

Conclusions—

This represents the first detailed electrophysiological and immunohistological report of the neonatal AV node and lays the groundwork for a better understanding of heart rate regulation and unique arrhythmias in the neonate heart.
Valence and Atomic Number
Authors: Harbour Daniel
Published: October 2011

The semantic basis and morphosyntactic reflexes of Kiowa-Tanoan noun classification are perspicuously captured in a system with three bivalent number features: [±singular], [±augmented], [±group]. Privative analyses of the same facts require, inter alia, features without semantic motivation, syntactic mechanisms that violate Inclusivity, and feature annotation reminiscent of bivalence. The semantic atoms of number are, therefore, bivalent.
Negative DPs, A-Movement, and Scope Diminishment
Authors: Iatridou Sabine , Sichel Ivy
Published: October 2011

Lasnik (1999) has claimed that NegDPs in derived subject position cannot be interpreted in the embedded clause and do not undergo A-chain reconstruction. We show that with a well-defined set of predicates, including deontic modals and raising predicates, scope diminishment of NegDP is observed. We argue, nevertheless, that scope diminishment in these cases is not produced by A-chain reconstruction. We also show that A-chain reconstruction of the indefinite part is possible. We conclude that the claim that NegDP does not undergo reconstruction reduces to the observation that the negative ingredient cannot reconstruct, and we suggest why this should be so. If we are correct, the analysis removes an obstacle to the view that A-chains exhibit syntactic reconstruction.
Harmonic Improvement without Candidate Chains in Chamorro
Authors: Kaplan Aaron
Published: October 2011

This article argues that some ostensible advantages of Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (OT-CC) over classic OT are actually liabilities. OT-CC correctly predicts that Chamorro umlaut occurs only when trigger and target are adjacent. But OT-CC is incompatible with similar phenomena like Central Venetan metaphony, and attempts to modify OT-CC to produce metaphony impair the theory's handling of umlaut. Classic OT provides a superior approach: constraints grounded in prominence asymmetries produce the umlaut facts, and there is no conflict with analyses of metaphony. This result suggests that despite OT-CC's advancements in treatments of opacity, the theory's machinery remains inadequate in important ways.
Where's ‘Why’?
Authors: Shlonsky Ur , Soare Gabriela
Published: October 2011

Why and its counterparts in some languages are argued to be externally merged in a low left-peripheral specifier of a dedicated functional category and subsequently moved to a criterial position higher in the left-peripheral space. The analysis considers both short- and long-distance construals of why, asymmetries of why-extraction in finite and nonfinite complement clauses, the position of ‘why’ in a multiple wh-movement language like Romanian, and the differences between why and how come. The analysis sharpens the formal differences between movement to a criterial position and movement out of cyclic domains via escape hatches.
Because Wisdom Can’t Be Told
Authors: Walker Joan M. T. , Dotger Benjamin H.
Published: October 2011

This study used text-related, video-based case materials to assess teacher candidates’ readiness to communicate with families. Participants ( N = 141) rated their efficacy for home–school communication and then responded to a description of a classroom-based challenge regarding one student’s behavioral and academic performance. Next, they evaluated two videos, each capturing how a teacher addressed the challenge in a parent–teacher conference. Cases offered contrasting models of communication effectiveness along two dimensions: structuring and responsiveness. Finally, candidates chose which model did the better job and justified their choice. Findings revealed that candidates had high self-efficacy for communicating with families but generated a small number and range of strategies for dealing with the situation; could discriminate between the models’ effectiveness; and their reasons for choosing one model as best centered on their valuing of structuring or responsiveness and their conceptions of partnership. Content validity and reliability assessments of the research materials are described.
Head nodding and head shaking gestures in children’s early communication
Authors: Fusaro Maria , Harris Paul L , Pan Barbara A
Published: October 2011

Children’s spontaneous head nodding and head shaking gestures are examined in the context of mother-child play. Observations at 14, 20 and 32 months show that frequency of head gestures increases with age, with a pronounced increase in nodding between 20 and 32 months. Over time, children increasingly use head gestures in combination with speech, though isolated head nods continue to predominate at 32 months. Pragmatic analysis of children’s head gestures reveals that they serve a small set of communicative functions during early childhood. Children’s use of a head gesture for communication at 14 months was a significant predictor of pragmatic flexibility at 32 months, even when controlling for 14-month language production and maternal language input. The significance of head gestures in children’s emerging communication is discussed.
Determiners and noun endings in French children’s gender attribution choices
Authors: Boloh Yves , Escudier Frédérique , Royer Stéphanie , Ibernon Laure
Published: October 2011

The present study examines the respective roles of determiners and noun endings in four to ten-year-old French children’s gender attribution choices. In the context of an elicited production task, participants were introduced with determiner–noun pairs where the gender form of the article and the probabilistic gender value of noun suffixes were discordant. Results showed that suffix-congruent choices were never above chance: they were far below chance in the case of feminine suffixes and either below or at chance in the case of masculine suffixes. Results are discussed with respect to a well-known phonological scenario for French gender acquisition and with respect to the masculine as default strategy recently put forth by Boloh and Ibernon (2010).
An Empowerment-Based Diabetes Self-management Education Program for Hispanic/Latinos
Authors: Peña-Purcell Ninfa C. , Boggess May M. , Jimenez Natalia
Published: October 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a culturally sensitive, empowerment-based diabetes self-management education program for Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latinos.

Methods

A prospective quasi-experimental repeated measures design tested the effectiveness of the ¡Si, Yo Puedo Controlar Mi Diabetes! diabetes self-management education program. In sum, 144 persons residing in 2 Texas counties at the Texas-Mexico border (Starr and Hidalgo) served as participants. Two groups were formed, an intervention and a control (wait list). Clinical (A1C), cognitive, attitudinal, behavioral, and cultural assessments were collected at baseline and 3 months.

Results

Demographic characteristics for the intervention and control groups were similar. Both groups were predominately female, low income, older than 40 years, and minimally acculturated. Baseline and posttest findings showed that the intervention group had a significant reduction in A1C values; median difference was 0.3 (n = 45), especially for those with higher baseline values. Participants in the intervention group also improved in their self-efficacy and self-care scores.

Conclusions

Findings from the study suggest that additional dissemination of a diabetes self-management education program for Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latinos is warranted to improve clinical outcomes and associated diabetes self-efficacy and self-care behaviors.
Bloodstream Infections Associated With Parenteral Nutrition Preparation Methods in the United States
Authors: Turpin Robin S. , Canada Todd , Rosenthal Victor D. , Nitzki‐George Diane , Liu Frank Xiaoqing , Mercaldi Catherine J. , Pontes‐Arruda Alessandro
Published: October 2011

Background: The incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) among patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) is reported to vary widely from 1.3%−39%. BSI rates in a large inpatient population were compared in this study to determine if PN prepared by different methods was associated with BSI. Methods: Data from Premier Perspective, the largest inpatient cost‐based clinical and financial claims database in the United States, were analyzed. Included were all hospitalized patients age ≥18 years who received any PN from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2007. BSI rates, the primary dependent variable, were defined as the occurrence ICD‐9 codes of 038.x (septicemia), 995.91 (sepsis), 995.92 (severe sepsis), and 790.7 (bacteremia). The exposure cohort received PN in a commercial multichamber bag (MCB) (n = 4669), whereas the comparator group received PN prepared by a pharmacy (either hospital compounded or outsourced; n = 64,315). Observed data were adjusted using multivariate logistic regression for baseline differences, risk factors, and potential confounders, with propensity score matching as a sensitivity analysis. Results: The observed and adjusted BSI rates indicate that MCB is associated with fewer infections than pharmacy‐prepared PN (observed 17.5% vs 26.6%; adjusted 19.6% vs 25.9%, both P < .001). Propensity‐matched scores found similar results with observed BSI rates of 18.9% in patients receiving MCB and 24.6% in patients receiving a compounded PN. Conclusion: Both the observed rate of BSI and adjusted probability of developing a BSI remained significantly lower for the MCB than the compounded PN group.
The Determinants of Alternative Forms of Workplace Voice
Authors: Klaas Brian S. , Olson-Buchanan Julie B. , Ward Anna-Katherine
Published: October 2011

Workplace voice has been the subject of much research over the past 30 years. Prior work has examined the precursors of a wide variety of voice types including prosocial voice, grievance filing, whistle-blowing, informal complaints, and participation in suggestion systems. However, research on each type of voice has largely been conducted in isolation from work examining alternate types of workplace voice. The goal of this article is to review and integrate the literature on the determinants of workplace voice. The authors’ review of the literature is organized around the major categories of determinants that have been observed in the separate literatures on workplace voice. Based on the review, the authors identify commonalities and differences across alternative forms of voice in the determinants observed. Following this, they explore how the nature and purpose of voice varies, with emphasis on three dimensions of voice: formality, focus, and identifiability. The authors then explore whether this variation is relevant for understanding the pattern of determinants observed across alternative forms of voice. They close by discussing the implications of an integrative perspective of scholars’ understanding of the processes that determine voice and for organizations as they strive to facilitate the productive use of workplace voice.
Knowledge Transfer and Accommodation Effects in Multinational Corporations
Authors: Asmussen Christian Geisler , Foss Nicolai J. , Pedersen Torben
Published: October 2011

Foreign subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs) possess knowledge that has different sources (e.g., the firm itself or various sources in the environment). How such sources influence knowledge transfer is not well understood. Drawing on the “accommodation effect” from cognitive psychology, the authors argue that accumulation of externally sourced knowledge in a subsidiary may reduce the value of transferring that subsidiary’s knowledge to other parts of the MNC. The authors develop a parsimonious model of intrafirm knowledge transfer and test its predictions against a unique data set on subsidiary knowledge development that includes the sources of subsidiary knowledge and the extent of knowledge transfer to other MNC units. The authors show that a high level of externally sourced knowledge in a subsidiary is associated with a high level of knowledge transfer from that subsidiary only if a certain tipping point of internally sourced knowledge has been surpassed. This suggests that subsidiary knowledge stocks that are balanced in terms of their origins tend to be more valuable, congruous, and fungible, and therefore more likely to be transferred to other MNC units.
Relational Dynamics and the Expression of Aggression and Comforting Between Siblings
Authors: Tafoya Melissa A. , Hamilton Mark A.
Published: October 2011

A study of siblings tested a relational dynamics model set in the family and based largely on Belief Systems Theory. Participants ( N = 351) in a 3 (biological relatedness) × 2 (participant sex) × 2 (other sibling sex) quasi-experimental design evaluated their relationship with their sibling. Path analysis was used to track the effects of the independent variables on verbal aggression and verbal comforting. Mediating variables completed two distinct processes. The egocentric assertion of power and hostility between siblings mediated a sequence related to selfish emotions within the individualistic affect system. This sequence is anchored in parent–child verbal aggression and culminates in sibling verbal aggression. Empathy and strength of sibling bond mediated a sequence related to prosocial emotions within the cooperative affect system. This process is anchored in parent–child closeness and ends with expressions of comfort between siblings. The results provide an explanation for the emotional ambivalence of sibling relationships.
DEHP and its active metabolites: leaching from different tubing types, impact on proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecule expression. Is there a subsumable context?
Authors: Greiner TO , Volkmann AS , Hildenbrand S , Wodarz R , Perle N , Ziemer G , Rieger M , Wendel HP , Walker T
Published: October 2011

Introduction: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is suspected to be toxic for several reasons. During contact with a lipophilic medium, DEHP leaks from polyvinylchloride (PVC), but its influence on inflammatory reactions remains unknown. We examined specific DEHP leaching out of different tubing types, the possibly modulated liberation of proinflammatory cytokines and the induction of adhesion molecule expression in primary endothelial cells.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were circulated in traditional PVC, nodioctyl phthalate (DOP) PVC and heparin-coated PVC tubing within a Chandler loop model. The blood was tested for the concentration of DEHP and its active metabolites as well as the liberation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1ß. Furthermore, we exposed human endothelial cells to circulated blood and analysed them for the expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin.

Results: In contrast to the other tubing, PVC tubing showed significantly elevated DEHP levels, but no alteration was observed concerning a potential up-regulation of the cytokines or activation of the endothelial adhesion molecule receptors.

Conclusions: Our data conclude that there is no correlation between DEHP leaching and the inflammatory response after ECC support, but this study showed that even DEHP-free material is leaching DEHP and its toxic metabolites.
The successful use of cardiopulmonary support for a transected bronchus
Authors: Walker JL , Wiersch J , Benson C , Young HA , Dearmond DT , Johnson SB
Published: October 2011

A 20-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident and computed tomography revealed a completely transected right mainstem bronchus. An Emergency Department (ED) right anterior thoracotomy was necessary soon after arrival at our institution secondary to acute desaturation that was unresponsive to ventilator and chest tube management. This allowed direct intubation and ventilation of the right middle and lower lobes directly through the thoracotomy incision, which stabilized the patient for transport to the operating room. Once there, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (CPS) was initiated to allow primary surgical repair of the transected bronchus. Post surgery, the patient was transported to the surgical intensive care unit on CPS which he required for an additional two days. The patient eventually did well and was discharged home. To our knowledge this is the first successful reported case of using the Avalon Elite dual lumen veno-venous cannula for CPS in a patient with complete right main-stem bronchus transection and bilateral pulmonary contusions.
Does 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 impact differently on blood glucose than 4% gelatin in patients receiving open heart surgery?
Authors: Lou S , Bian L , Long C , Wang Z , Ma J , Zhou B
Published: October 2011

Objectives: To investigate whether starch-based colloid may impact differently on blood glucose than a gelatin-based colloid in adult patients receiving open heart surgery.

Methods: 70 adult patients scheduled for elective first-time cardiac surgery were enrolled and randomized into two groups. The circuits were primed with either 6% HES 130/0.4 or 4% gelatin. The peak glucose level, incidence of hyperglycemia, glucose variation and glucose level at different time points during operation were compared between the two groups. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant.

Results: The peak glucose (150±30mg/dl vs 142±27, p=0.236) and glucose variation demonstrated by standard deviation (26±12mg/dl vs 23±11mg/dl, p=0.202) were comparable between the two groups. Repeated measurement ANOVA revealed that the main effect for artificial colloid was not significant (p=0.349).

Conclusions: With the data available, we could not prove that starch-based colloid (HES130) had a different impact on intra-operative blood glucose than a gelatin-based colloid in adult patients receiving open heart surgery.
Enhanced slow wave sleep and improved sleep maintenance after gaboxadol administration during seven nights of exposure to a traffic noise model of transient insomnia
Authors: Dijk D-J , Stanley N , Lundahl J , Groeger JA , Legters A , Trap Huusom AK , Deacon S
Published: October 2011

Slow wave sleep (SWS) has been reported to correlate with sleep maintenance, but whether pharmacological enhancement of SWS also leads to improved sleep maintenance is not known. Here we evaluate the time-course of the effects of gaboxadol, an extra-synaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, on SWS, sleep maintenance, and other sleep measures in a traffic noise model of transient insomnia. After a placebo run-in, 101 healthy subjects (20–78 y) were randomized to gaboxadol ( n = 50; 15 mg in subjects <65 y and 10 mg in subjects ≥65 y) or placebo ( n = 51) for 7 nights (N1–N7). The model caused some disruption of sleep initiation and maintenance, with greatest effects on N1. Compared with placebo, gaboxadol increased SWS and slow wave activity throughout N1 to N7 ( p < 0.05). Gaboxadol reduced latency to persistent sleep overall (N1–N7) by 4.5 min and on N1 by 11 min (both p < 0.05). Gaboxadol increased total sleep time (TST) overall by 16 min ( p < 0.001) and on N1 by 38 min ( p < 0.0001). Under gaboxadol, wakefulness after sleep onset was reduced by 11 min overall ( p < 0.01) and by 29 min on N1 ( p < 0.0001), and poly-somnographic awakenings were reduced on N1 ( p < 0.05). Gaboxadol reduced self-reported sleep onset latency overall and on N1 (both p < 0.05) and increased self-reported TST overall ( p < 0.05) and on N1 ( p < 0.01). Subjective sleep quality improved overall ( p < 0.01) and on N1 ( p < 0.0001). Increases in SWS correlated with objective and subjective measures of sleep maintenance and subjective sleep quality under placebo and gaboxadol ( p < 0.05). Gaboxadol enhanced SWS and reduced the disruptive effects of noise on sleep initiation and maintenance.
Wives of College and University Presidents
Authors: Reid Pamela Trotman , Cole Ellen , Kern Margaret L.
Published: October 2011

How does a modern woman react to being defined by the role of wife? In our study, the authors examined the experiences, benefits, and challenges encountered by wives of college and university presidents. In a relationship where the husband has a prestigious and well-defined role, the female partner may still be expected to play a traditional role on a regular basis, bringing both benefits and challenges. Through focus groups, interviews, and a survey, women shared their experiences. Cluster analytic techniques identified six groups of women that were involved in, adjusted to, or conflicted by serving in the presidential spouse role. The authors employ the voices of the women themselves to illuminate their experiences, satisfactions, challenges, and frustrations. Wives indicated that they had to deal with loss of privacy, conflicted personal relationships, and increased ambiguity about their own identity. Interestingly, wives did not allow these challenges to undermine their marriage; instead, for those who had difficulty meeting these demands, the loss was to their own sense of self-worth. The results suggest that the role of presidential wife should be examined through the intersectional lens of gender and class. This intersection can be seen to shape the expectations of the wife herself, as well as the demands made by her spouse and others in her community. Her previous experiences, education, and career preparation provide insights into how she approaches the public role. Recognizing and giving voice to the complex sociocultural issues involved may help wives thrive in their roles as a college or university president’s wife. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ’s website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Cell adhesion and proliferation enhancement by gelatin nanofiber scaffolds
Authors: Wu Shih-Ching , Chang Wei-Hong , Dong Guo-Chung , Chen Kuo-Yu , Chen Yueh-Sheng , Yao Chun-Hsu
Published: October 2011

Gelatin nanofibers (GNs) prepared by electrospinning were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor to improve their water-resistant ability. After cross-linking treatment, the form of the fibers expressed no substantial change, but the average diameter of the fibers increased with increasing cross-linking time. The swelling induced by the moisture during the cross-linking process was moderated when the cross-linking time reached 45 min. The contact angle measurements confirmed that the electrospun gelatin fibers were more hydrophilic than the gelatin film (GF). Increasing the cross-linking time did not alter the hydrophilic properties of the gelatin fibers. The cell compatibility was evaluated based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, scanning electron microscope and confocal microscope observations, and Western blot analysis by culturing MG-63 cells on the GFs and GNs. The nanofibrous structure fabricated by an electrospinning technique was found to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation. This process is a cost-effective simulation of GN structures’ promising applications on scaffold preparation for tissue engineering.
Job Search Self-Efficacy of East Asian International Graduate Students
Authors: Lin Yi-Jiun , Flores Lisa Y.
Published: October 2011

Using a sample of 86 East Asian international graduate students, this study examined Bandura’s perceived self-efficacy model (1986) in the domain of job search self-efficacy and tested the mediating effects of job search self-efficacy in the relationship between efficacy source variables and job search behaviors. Results show that both performance accomplishments and verbal persuasion are significant predictors of job search self-efficacy and that performance accomplishments is a stronger predictor of job search self-efficacy than verbal persuasion. Moreover, verbal persuasion has a significant indirect effect on the job search behaviors through the mediation of job search self-efficacy. Vocational interventions for enhancing East Asian international graduate students' job search self-efficacy are suggested. The authors also address the theoretical and practical implications of the findings for East Asian international students' career development.
Complexity, Masculinity, and Critical Theory: Revisiting Marcuse on Technology, Eros, and Nature
Authors: Garlick Steve
Published: October 2011

This article takes as its starting point Christian Fuchs’s Internet and Society (2008), which deploys selected aspects of Herbert Marcuse’s work in the construction of a critical theory of techno-social systems and informational capitalism. Going beyond Fuchs’s emphasis on dialectics, I argue for a deeper engagement with Marcuse’s distinctive combination of Marxian, psychoanalytic, and phenomenological theory in order to formulate a theoretical framework that includes embodied aspects of techno-social experiences. By reinterpreting the concepts of nature and Eros in Marcuse’s critical theory in terms of complexity and self-organization, I suggest that his work can inform a renewal of critical theories of technology at a time when boundaries between the natural and social worlds are increasingly contested. At the same time, I argue that Marcuse’s critique of technological rationality has a significant gendered dimension that is relevant to understanding how the complexity of nature gets taken up within contemporary techno-social systems.
Optimization of powder mixed electric discharge machining using dummy treated experimental design with analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Bhattacharya A , Batish A , Singh G
Published: October 2011

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is widely used for the optimization of multiple responses from an experimental study. In the present study, a method to obtain more reliable global weight of different alternatives has been described for a powder-mixed electric discharge machining (EDM) process. Seven different process parameters were tested to study their effect on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) using a specially designed Taguchi orthogonal array that could accommodate factors with varying number of levels. A three-level array L27 was modified to include two-level factors using dummy treatment. The process conditions that affected the three responses were identified and optimized together using AHP for high carbon high chromium (HCHCr), EN31 and hot die steel (HDS) workpiece material. Addition of powder in the dielectric improved the MRR as the electrical conductivity of powder reduces the dielectric insulating strength. Current, powder, and electrode material significantly affected the TWR. Kerosene as dielectric was observed to be a superior alternative than EDM oil. Graphite electrode worked best for HCHCr and EN31 and W–Cu electrode worked best for HDS as they globally optimize the three output variables. Also, Cu powder suspended in the dielectric resulted in an optimal solution for HCHCr and HDS and tungsten powder was seen to be a better choice for EN31 to globally optimize the responses. To overcome problems of poor finish at high current setting in EDM, the dielectric should be mixed with powder.
Effect of deposition parameters on mechanical properties of shaped metal deposition parts
Authors: Baufeld B
Published: October 2011

The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V parts fabricated by shaped metal deposition, an additive layer manufacturing technique applying wire-based tungsten inert gas welding, have been measured, with the emphasis of comparing the effect of two different deposition rates. Similar part geometries were obtained for two parts fabricated with deposition rates of 0.1 and 0.3 m/min by adjusting the energy input and the wire feed rate accordingly. This affected the thermal history of the parts, and consequently the morphology, microstructure and mechanical performance. The ultimate tensile strength was between 880 and 1000 MPa, where the strength and hardness were lower for the slower deposition rate. The strain at failure was significantly better for tensile testing perpendicular rather than parallel to the base plate, and considerably larger for the part fabricated with the lower deposition rate. The Young’s modulus was comparable for both deposition rates, and independent of the orientation.
Process optimization in two spherical surface grinding processes using trajectories analysis
Authors: Hou H Y , Li D D , Wei C J , Hu D J , Xu K Z
Published: October 2011

A smooth spherical surface has been obtained by grinding using a precise spherical grinder and a cup-type resin-bonded diamond wheel without any polishing. Two methods were used in machining: cup-wheel spherical grinding with swing (CSGS) and cup-wheel spherical grinding with no swing (CSGNS). In this paper we propose, for the first time, a trajectories analysis approach (TAA) based on the above two methods to optimize the machining parameters in the spherical grinding process. The cup-wheel rotation speed and swing speed, spindle rotation speed, number of grinding blocks and size of the cup wheel were considered as the process variables. The surface roughness and production rate were evaluated for the optimal grinding conditions, subject to the constraints of the density of trajectories, compatible parameters, and the size of the workpiece. A mathematical model was developed and an optimization strategy was proposed for the process parameters, and verified by two experiments. The experimental results show that the TAA is valid for selecting the optimal process parameters for the two methods of spherical grinding.
A hybrid electromagnetism-like algorithm for integration of process planning and capacitated lot-sizing problem
Authors: Farahnakian M , Razfar M R , Beheshti A Kourank
Published: October 2011

The capacitated lot-sizing problem (CLSP) is extensively discussed in the operation management literature. The CLSP concerns balancing set-up costs against inventory costs under a common capacity constraint, and considers a limited time horizon such that total costs can beminimized. In this regard, the integration of process and production planning is essential toimprove system performance. This paper proposes a model for the integration of process planning and production planning for turning parts that can be implemented in CLSP. The developed model simultaneously considers the technology-related constraints and shop floor constraints determined by the available time. In this approach, two new variables are defined for CLSP: part machining time and cost. This model takes the maximum depth of cut and feed rate for each feature with regard to technology constraints, and the spindle speed is selected in CLSP. Since the proposed optimization model is included in the class of NP-hard problems, a hybridization of two meta-heuristic algorithms (an electromagnetism-like algorithm and a simulated annealing algorithm) is used to solve the problem in acceptable time. Finally, the algorithm proposed in this paper is applied on a case study, and the results are discussed.
The flow generated inside a duct after it expels a shock wave
Authors: Biamino L , Igra O , Jourdan G , Massol A , Houas L
Published: October 2011

The flow field that evolves inside a duct upon the departure of a shock wave from its open exit is studied experimentally. The present investigation covers a relatively long time period, almost until the shock-induced flow inside the duct ceases. During the investigated time period, the appearance of a second shock wave is observed inside the duct. The effect of introducing a door inclined to the duct’s exit plane, on the pressure field developed behind the second shock is reported. Three different inclination angles are studied, 30°, 45°, and 90° relative to the duct’s exit plane. It is shown that keeping the exit door at different angles and, thereby changing the size of the exit area, has a direct effect on the pressures prevailing inside the tube and on the exit door. The highest pressure on the door and the lowest pressure behind the second shock wave are observed when the exit door is kept at an angle of 30°.
Dynamical strength and design optimization of pipe-joint system under pressure impact load
Authors: Yongshou L , Xindang H , Youhai Z , Zhufeng Y
Published: October 2011

This article is focused on the dynamical strength analysis and design optimization of a pipe-joint system. A three-dimensional model of a fuel pipe-joint system is established and the strength and dynamic analysis of the system under the pressure impact load is analysed. In order to avoid dangerous forced vibrations or resonance, and to lower vibration level, the clamps’ numbers and locations are optimized. The results show that: (a) under the pressure impact load, near the T-branch pipe, clamps and elbows, the pipe system’s failure can easily occur; and (2) the numbers and locations of clamps of pipe-joint system can be optimized and the optimized pipe-joint system has better anti-vibration ability.
Prime mover sizing for base-loaded combined heating and power systems
Authors: Mago P J , Luck R
Published: October 2011

This article considers the problem of sizing prime movers for combined heating and power (CHP) systems operating at full load to satisfy a fraction of a facility's electric load, i.e. a base load. Prime mover sizing is examined using three criteria: operational cost, carbon dioxide emissions (CDE), and primary energy consumption (PEC). The sizing process leads to consider ratios of conversion factors applied to imported electricity to conversion factors applied to fuel consumed. These ratios are labelled RCost, RCDE, RPEC depending on whether the conversion factors are associated with operational cost, CDE, or PEC, respectively. Analytical results show that in order to achieve savings in operational cost, CDE, or PEC, the ratios must be larger than a unique constant RMin that only depends on the CHP components efficiencies. Savings in operational cost, CDE, or PEC due to CHP operation are explicitly formulated using simple equations. This facilitates the process of comparing the tradeoffs of optimizing the savings of one criterion over the other two – a task that has traditionally been accomplished through computer simulations. A hospital building, located in Atlanta, Georgia, was used as an example to apply the methodology presented in this article.
The effect of runner cone design on pressure oscillation characteristics in a Francis hydraulic turbine
Authors: Qian Z D , Li W , Huai W X , Wu Y L
Published: October 2011

Three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow through the entire flow passage of a model Francis hydraulic turbine is simulated using the transition shear-stress transport turbulence model and verified with experimental data. Pressure oscillations with the original runner cone, an extended runner cone, an extended runner cone with grooves, and a round-top runner cone are analysed under five operating conditions. The computational results show that (1) runner cone design can change the distribution pattern of the vortex rope in the draft tube and narrow the zone of special pressure oscillation; (2) the dominant frequency of pressure oscillation in the draft tube at guide vane opening angle, α = 17°, is significantly decreased by runner cone design while the peak-to-peak amplitude increased; (3) varying guide vane opening alters the influence of runner cone design on pressure oscillation; (4) the modified runner cones are effective for low frequency pressure oscillations induced by the vortex rope in the draft tube but have little effect on blade frequency pressure oscillation induced by rotor–stator interaction; (5) the cavitation performance at α = 17° is decreased while that at α = 18°, 19°, and 20° is increased by runner cone design; and (6) the round-top runner cone is most effective in decreasing pressure oscillations and increasing turbine cavitation performance.
Should gamespace be a taboo-free zone? Moral and psychological implications for single-player video games
Authors: Young Garry , Whitty Monica T.
Published: October 2011

When assessing the appropriateness of single-player video games, it is our contention that questions dealing with the morality of their content are the wrong sorts of questions to ask. Instead, a more informative strategy is to focus on what gamers are able to deal with psychologically, especially regarding taboo violation. Thus, we argue that there is nothing morally problematic with gamespace per se, no matter how prohibitive the actions engaged in are offline. Instead, we should concern ourselves with whether the potential moral freedom afforded within gamespace is psychologically healthy, for it is our contention that underlying any change to the gamer’s behaviour is the need to seek psychological parity across domains (between gamespace and the offline world). It is therefore not so much what games are doing to us that is of concern, but what we are doing to ourselves through the process of seeking psychological parity.
The cat came back: Evaluating arguments against psychological measurement
Authors: Markus Keith A. , Borsboom Denny
Published: October 2011

The possibility or impossibility of quantitative measurement in psychology has important ramifications for the nature of psychology as a discipline. Trendler’s (2009) argument for the impossibility of psychological measurement suggests a general and potentially fruitful strategy for further research on this question. However, the specific argument offered by Trendler appears flawed in several respects. It seems to conflate what must hold true with what one must know and also equivocate on the necessary evidence. Moreover, if the argument supported its conclusion, it would rule out qualitative discourse on psychology as well as psychological measurement. Taking Trendler’s argument as an example, one can formulate a general structure to arguments adopting the same basic strategy. An overview of the requirements that such arguments should meet provides a metatheoretical perspective that can assist authors in constructing such arguments and readers in critically evaluating them.
Connective conceptual analysis and psychology
Authors: Banicki Konrad
Published: October 2011

Conceptual analysis, like any exclusively theoretical activity, is far from overrated in current psychology. Such a situation can be related both to the contingent influences of contextual and historical character and to the more essential metatheoretical reasons. After a short discussion of the latter it is argued that even within a strictly empirical psychology there are non-trivial tasks that can be attached to well-defined and methodologically reliable, conceptual work. This kind of method, inspired by the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Peter Strawson (conceptual grammar), and Gilbert Ryle (conceptual geography), is proposed and formally depicted as being holistic, descriptive, and connective. Finally, the newly presented framework of connective conceptual analysis is defended against the “Charge from Psychology,” in a version developed by William Ramsey, claiming that conceptual analysis is based on psychological assumptions that have already been refuted by empirical psychology.
Intentional activity and free will as core concepts in criminal law and psychology
Authors: Bertelsen Preben
Published: October 2011

Whether or not intentional actions initiated and formed by free will exist, it can be shown that lack of belief in such behavior makes people behave less ethically and less law-abidingly (they cheat more). Therefore, this phenomenon—often called a necessary illusion—is crucial to moral as well as legal social-life-forming activities. However, societal coherence based on this kind of illusion is indeed very fragile, and thus we would be better off if we could prove that the quality of free will in intentional activity is more than a convenient illusion. This article presents an interdisciplinary model within the domain of criminal law and psychology explaining human intentional actions based on a scientific notion of free will as a real-world phenomenon.
The study of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index in Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Salphale P , Danda D , Chandrashekar L , Peter D , Jayaseeli N , George R
Published: October 2011

The Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) is a newly described tool used to assess the activity of and damage caused by cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). There is a paucity of data on CLASI from the Indian subcontinent. We sought to determine the applicability of CLASI in specific lesions of CLE in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) attending a tertiary care hospital in India. In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 93 patients of SLE with cutaneous lesions were recruited. CLASI activity and damage scores of lupus erythematosus (LE)-specific skin lesions were done in 75 patients with SLE. The mean CLASI activity score was 15.4 ± 9.4 (range 0–39) and the mean damage score was 6.87 ± 7.75 (range 0–30). Higher mean CLASI activity scores were seen in patients with a combination of acute, subacute and chronic CLE and in those with widespread lesions. Patients with longstanding disease and long duration of skin lesions had higher damage scores. This study shows that CLASI is an effective tool to assess cutaneous activity of LE-specific lesions, and the damage caused by them, in Indian patients.
Mary Adams and the producer’s role in early BBC science broadcasts
Authors: Jones Allan
Published: October 2011

Mary Adams was a science producer at the BBC from 1930–6. She is shown to have played a crucial role in shaping science broadcasts, in particular devising formats and styles of presentation. However, her approach is shown to have been primarily motivated by broadcasting considerations rather than by the popularisation of science. Through her interaction with scientists she helped to construct a new professional domain, that of the science-broadcasting professional, at a time when other producers were creating analogous roles in other areas of broadcasting. This paper is based largely on unpublished archival documents.
Hobbits, hunters and hydrology: Images of a “missing link,” and its scientific communication
Authors: Goulden Murray
Published: October 2011

Dissemination of the 2004 discovery of Homo floresiensis, aka the “Flores Hobbit,” provides the case material for an analysis of science communication models, using coverage of the find in science journals, popular science magazines, and UK newspapers. A distinction is made between “popular science” and “public science,” the latter notable for the proactive manner in which it seeks not simply to interpret science for a wider audience, but also expand upon it. The nature of the flows of knowledge between science and nonscience cultures is used to critique both traditional canonical models of science communication, and more recent constructivist accounts like that of Hilgartner’s “continuum” model. The paper concludes by suggesting an extended model that builds on the logic of the river metaphor used by both Hilgartner and Gieryn. It is argued that this more complex, multi-directional, “hydrologic” model provides a richer account of science communication.
An Experimental Investigation into the Off-State Viscosity of MR Fluids
Authors: Gudmundsson K. H. , Jonsdottir F. , Thorsteinsson F. , Gutfleisch O.
Published: October 2011

This study investigates the off-state rheological characteristics of magnetorheological fluids. Various carbonyl iron powder grades are tested, both micron- and nano-sized. The study considers both unimodal and bimodal MR fluid samples. The bimodal MR fluids are both micron-sized only compositions and mixed micron- and nano-sized compositions. All fluid compositions employ a novel PFPE oil as a base fluid. This base fluid is introduced and its qualities discussed. An off-state experimental investigation is conducted, for shear-rates from 0 to 200 s−1. All samples exhibit the well-known shear-thinning property of MR fluids, but with varying proportions. The off-state viscosity is of importance in a particular application, in an MR prosthetic knee. It determines how fast the knee joint can rotate in the absence of a magnetic field. A prominent MR fluid composition is selected for the proposed application which aims to maximize to rotational speed of the MR knee joint in the absence of a magnetic field.