bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lip Lumps Need not be mucocele
Authors: Subramanian P.S. Muthu , Jayaganesh P
Published: November 2021

Lip lesions are the most common oral mucosal lesions. Mucocele is the second most common benign soft tissue masses of the lips only next to infectious etiology. Tumors of the minor salivary glands of the lip were a rare diagnosis made clinically. Excision and histopathological examination must be done for all the lip lumps as this remains the gold standard for the diagnosis. In this article, we discuss three lip lumps which were clinically suspected as mucocoele turned out to be an unexpected diagnosis which only became clear following excision and histological examination.
Myeloproliferative neoplasm related nephropathy
Authors: Aravind Biji K , P G Dhanya , Pullockara Jojo , Charles Deepak
Published: November 2021

Primary Myelofibrosis associated Nephropathy is a recently described entity. Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) is a Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) where the marrow space shows fibrosis with megakaryocyte dysplasia. We present a case of a 32 year old patient who was detected to have proteinuria, renal dysfunction and anemia ,on a routine health check up. Primary Myelofibrosis was confirmed by positive Jak 2 expression. Kidney biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis along with thickened glomerular basement membrane. The histomorphological features of renal and bonemarrow biopsies are analysed and a detailed review of the literature is done.
Clinical analysis of 109 cases of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma
Authors:   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Liu Rui , Zhang Hong ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Ge Xin ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Ma Jian-Min ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
Published: November 2021

AIM: To monitor the prognosis of patients with lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma (LGPA) following surgical resection within the past 10y. The factors affecting patient prognosis are analyzed and the experience of surgical treatment is summarized.
METHODS: In this retrospective, comparative case series, clinical records from 109 cases of LGPA treated chiefly at the same institution between November 2009 and May 2019 were reviewed. All 109 patients underwent surgery, histopathological examination, and imaging examination. For patients who underwent surgery for the first time, LGPA could be resected completely, including tumor and capsule tissues, using a surgical approach via the eyebrow arch or double eyelid crease.
RESULTS: The ratio of males to females was 1:1.60, the ages ranged from 19 to 74 years old with a mean age of 43.64±13.07 years old, and the ratio of left to right eyes was 1:1.37. A total of 109 patients underwent surgical excision and five of these received radiotherapy after malignant transformation. Of these patients, 15 were lost to follow up within the April 1, 2020 deadline and 1 was diagnosed as a recurring pathology. The 5-year recurrence rate for 86 patients who underwent initial surgery was 7.27%. Single factor analysis revealed that the course of disease, bone destruction, invasion of surrounding tissues, tumor size, capsule integrity, and expression of Ki-67 were statistically significant (P<0.05). Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that capsule integrity was a risk factor influencing recurrence (P=0.008).
CONCLUSION: LGPA has a risk of recurrence and potential for malignant transformation. Complete removal of the tumor and capsule in the initial surgery is a key factor in preventing recurrence.
Role of orthoptics and scoring system for orbital floor blowout fracture: surgical or conservative treatment
Authors:   Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 708 52, Czech Republic; Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Syllabova 19, Ostrava 703 00, Czech Republic, Timkovic Juraj , Janurova Katerina ,   IT4Innovations, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Studentská 6231, Ostrava 708 33, Czech Republic, Handlos Petr ,   Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 708 52, Czech Republic, Stembirek Jan ,   Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, Ostrava 708 52, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS, Veveří 97, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
Published: November 2021

AIM: To assess the role of orthoptics in referring patients with orbital floor blowout fracture (OFBF) for conservative or surgical treatment and based on the results, to propose a scoring system for such decision making.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 69 patients with OFBF was performed (35 treated conservatively, 34 surgically). The role of orthoptics in referring to surgery or conservative treatment was retrospectively evaluated, the factors with the highest significance for decision making were identified, and a scoring system proposed using Logistic regression.
RESULTS: According to defined criteria, the treatment was unsuccessful in 2 (6%) surgically treated and only in one (3%) conservatively treated patient. The proposed scoring system includes the defect size and several values resulting from the orthoptic examination, the elevation of the eyebulb measured on Lancaster screen being the most significant.
CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the benefits of orthoptic examination when making decisions on conservative or surgical treatment and for diagnosing ocular motility disorder (with or without binocular diplopia) in OFBF patients. The proposed scoring system could, following verification in a prospective study, become a valuable adjunctive tool.
Learning complex functions with GeoGebra
Authors: D’Azevedo Breda Ana Maria , Dos Santos Dos Santos José Manuel
Published: November 2021

In this paper we describe a teaching experiment targeting with students of Complex Analysis attending an undergraduate course of a portuguese university. Our main goal is the understanding of the GeoGebra role with respected to visualization and as technological mediator, according to Vygotsky theory, in the teaching and learning process of complex functions. The first step of our study was the conception of a sequence of didactical tasks and the development of GeoGebra tools related to the target didactical objectives. Here we will describe the procedure related to the tasks implementation in a classroom environment and the achieved results based on the collected data composed by written assignements produced by students, video recording the student performance during the experiment and the student constructions with GeoGebra. All the collected data was analysed from a qualitative and interpretative paradigm.
Study of the Swelling of a Composite Based on Argan Nut, Urea-Formaldehyde and Water as a Non-Polluting Solvent
Authors: Babty Fouad , Hachim Abdelilah , Mourabit M’barka , Mordane Soumia , Bettachy Amina , El Assyry Abdeslam , Derouiche Abdelali
Published: November 2021

In the center and southwest of Morocco, there is an endemic tree «Argania Spinosa» known as the ironwood. The miraculous product of this millenary tree is argan oil. Known for its therapeutic and cosmetic properties. Only 20% of the fruit of the argan tree is intended for the manufacture of argan oil while the shell, which represents 80%, remains an unexploited resource. This hull, which is sold by farmers at low prices, is used as fuel for baths and Moorish bakeries. In order to value the shells; first, we sort, grind and sieve them. Second, we bind the particles into adhesive. Three biomaterials are based on three particle sizes of shell grains. The designed particles are bound with an adhesive powder that is produced from a pre-catalyzed urea-formaldehyde resin. Moreover, the water used is a non-polluting solvent. The biomaterials and two samples of Red and Beech Wood were immersed in water for 15 days, with mass measurements that were done on a daily basis. It was concluded that the swelling coefficient of the large distribution of biomaterial is smaller than the small distribution of biomaterial. However, Red and Beech Wood have the highest coefficient.
What Do Teenagers and Young Adults Think and Feel About Their Peers with Cancer? A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Explicit and Implicit Prejudices
Authors: Trusz Sławomir , Stępniewska-Gębik Hanna
Published: November 2021

The social stigma of cancer is a powerful source of stereotyping and prejudice against people affected by oncological disorders. Two cross-sectional studies attempted to (1) provide a formal and content characteristic of the stereotype of teenage cancer patient and (2) analyze explicit and implicit prejudice against them. In the first study, 2,370 middle school students proposed open-ended descriptions and quantified 50 attributes representing physical appearance, cognitive, task-oriented, social, and emotional functioning of the teenage cancer patient. In the second study, 207 undergraduate students of education completed the Implicit Association Test, which contrasted the teenage cancer patient with a teenager as a reference category. Content analysis of 11,191 open-ended descriptions and exploratory factor analysis of 50 attributes showed that teenage cancer patients were characterized in the emotional, social, and physical appearance domain. The IAT revealed that teenagers with cancer automatically induced moderate negative prejudice not linked with similarly negative explicit prejudice. Negative explicit and implicit prejudice suggests that teenagers with cancer may be omitted or disfavored by classmates and teachers, therefore they require special treatment in school and out-of-school environments. The findings and their practical implications were discussed in light of theories of stigmatization, stereotyping, and prejudice against cancer patients.
ASSESMENT OF ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIONS OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESEMCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN
Authors:   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus, Yerofeyeva A.-M. , Zhavaranak I. ,   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus, Antipova O. ,   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus, Schastnaya N. ,   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus, Siamionik I. ,   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus, Rjabceva S. ,   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus, Molchanova A. ,   Institute of Physiology NAS of Belarus
Published: November 2021

Objective. To estimate an anti-nociceptive and regenerative potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental post-traumatic neuropathy in rats. Methods. Neuropathic pain was induced by axotomy technique in rat left hind paw (Wistar rats (n=113)). The respective group of subjects received ADMSCs dose of 1×106 cells/kg and 2×106 cells/kg into the site of sciatic nerve injury at 2 regimens: single (7th day post-surgery) and twice (7th and 14th day post-surgery). Nociceptive responses, as well as histological changes of sciatic nerve and perineural tissue were assessed in dynamics. Results. Sciatic nerve axotomy led to a significant increase of mechanical nociceptive sensitivity of ipsilateral hind paw by 7th day, as well as to fibrotic changes of peri- and epineural areas of damaged nerve fibers and to denervation of surrounding muscle tissue and fascia. Local administration of ADMSCs effectively abolished mechanical hyperalgesia by 14th day after first injection at all regimens tested. Among tested regimens, the most pronounced anti-nociceptive and regenerative effects were induced by single injection of ADMSCs (1×106 cells/kg). As the dose and frequency of ADMSCs administration elevated, their reparative and anti-inflammatory properties reduced. Conclusion. Obtained results testify anti-nociceptive potential of ADMSCs and feasibility of its further investigation on the experimental models of neuropathy. What this paper adds For the first time the impact of different regimen of allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) transplantation on nociceptive sensitivity and microstructure changes of sciatic nerve in rats with peripheral neuropathy has been studied. Allogenic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells at a dose of 1×106 cells/kg has been found out to exhibit the most powerful anti-nociceptive and regenerative effects with a single local injection confirmed by algometry and histological study.
DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES: GERMANY, TAJIKISTAN AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Cologne University Clinic, Kalmykov E.L. , Ahmad W. ,   Cologne University Clinic, Suchkov I.A. ,   I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Kalinin R.E. ,   I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Nematzoda O. ,   Republican Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population, Gaibov A.D. ,   Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Sultanov D.D. ,   Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Majd P. ,   Cologne University Clinic, Brunkwall J. ,   Cologne University Clinic
Published: November 2021

Objective. To compare the demographics, comorbidities and risk factors in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treated in three different communities; Germany, Tajikistan and Russian Federation. Methods. A retrospective comparative study including patients with an infrarenal AAA who were treated with either endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) or open repair (2011-2015) in Cologne, Dushanbe and Ryazan was done. A total number of 711 patients, 499 from Cologne, 46 from Dushanbe and 166 from Ryazan were included in the study. Demographic data including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities (diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD)), hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, smoking), actual treatment as well as the diameter of the abdominal aorta were collected, retrospectively. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in AAA prevalence with respect to gender between the study centers. Similarly, the BMI did not differ significantly between these 3 centers. Though, the patients from Cologne were older than those from Dushanbe and Ryazan. Moreover, the number of patients treated due to ruptured aneurysm was significantly lower in Cologne in comparison to the other two centers (P<0.05). The AAA-diameter of patients in Ryazan and Dushanbe was greater than that found in Cologne. Regarding the actual medication that patients were presented with, antiplatelet-aggregation medication, statin and beta blockers were used significantly more often in Cologne. Patients from Tajikistan had COPD more often than patients from the other centers. Conclusion. The prevalence of comorbidities, risk factors as well as medication in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is different in the various geographical regions. What this paper adds The study demonstrates that the prevalence of comorbidities, risk factors as well as medication in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is different in the various geographical regions. These differences have been firstly demonstrated in patients from the Russian Federation and Tajikistan.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPLENORENAL SHUNT IN TREATMENT OF PREHEPATIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Zhezhera R.V. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital “Okhmatdet”
Published: November 2021

Objective. To evaluate the results of treatment of prehepatic portal hypertension (PPH) in children by method of side-to-side splenorenal bypass. Methods. A retrospective, monocentric analysis of 114 patients with prehepatic portal hypertension was carried out in the period from 2000 to 2018. The age of the patients was from 6 months up to 18 years, the average age 10,1±3,8 years (M±σ). All patients underwent side-to-side splenorenal shunt. In the postoperative period, on the 7th day, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs with Doppler sonography (US) was performed to assess the volume of the spleen, the rate of portohepatic perfusion, the rate of blood flow along the side-to-side splenorenal shunt, as well as to assess its diameter. Control US was performed after the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th months; to assess the regression of esophageal and gastric varicose veins, the control esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EYD) was performed after 3rd , 6th, 12th months and then once a year. Subsequently, the control examination of the patients was carried out once a year. The follow-up was 2-18 years. Results. Out of 114 patients who underwent side - to - side splenorenal shunt, 5 (4,4%) patients had recurrent bleeding from the esophageal variceal vein at the follow-up period (2-18 years). One patient had intra-abdominal arrosive bleeding from side-to-side splenorenal shunt provoked by severe postoperative pancreatitis. The average diameter of the shunt was 12±1.9 mm. The spleen volume decreased by 39.7±10.3%. Portohepatic perfusion reduced by 39% in comparison with the indicators before surgery. The blood flow rate along the side -to-side splenorenal shunt was 2403±557.3 ml/min. in 95,4% of patients the regression of variceal vein was noted. Hypersplenism syndrome was arrested in 73.6% of children. Conclusion. Side -to- side splenorenal shunt is considered to be an effective method of portal decompression with the effectiveness inpreventingboth esophageal and gastricvariceal veins bleeding in 95,4% of patients. What this paper adds The results of treatment of the prehepatic portal hypertension by method of side-to-side splenorenal shunt have been firstly analyzed, and the effect of this variant of portosystemic shunt on portohepatic perfusion has been assessed. It has been established that this option of shunt is effective for the portal system decompression and occupies an intermediate position between selective and total variant of portosystemic shunt.
SPECIFICITY OF USING TRANEXAMIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors:   Mogilev Regional Hospital, Bodyakov K.V. , Marochkov A.V. ,   Mogilev Regional Hospital, Kylik A.S. ,   Mogilev Regional Hospital, Dudko V.A. ,   Mogilev Regional Hospital, Lipnitski A.L. ,   Mogilev Regional Hospital
Published: November 2021

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TA) in cardiac surgery patients undergoing the open-heart surgery under conditions of artificial blood circulation (ABC) by determining the volume of perioperative blood loss using the hemoglobin balance method. Methods. A pilot non-randomized prospective clinical trial was conducted. To determine the effectiveness of TA use, 2 groups of patients were formed: the 1st group, without TA application (n=40), the 2nd group - with TA application intraoperatively (n=40). In group 2, prior to sternotomy, intravenous bolus injection of TA (1000 mg (20 ml of 5% solution)) was performed and further titration of TA through a syringe dispenser was continued at a rate of 4 ml/hour (200 mg/hour) until the end of the operation.The volume of intraoperative blood-loss was assessed by the hemoglobin balance method. A special protocol was developed to control the volume of postoperative blood loss. Results. The volume of circulating blood (VCB) calculated by Nadler’s formula for the first group was 5433.2 (5008.5; 5768.2) ml, for the second - 5214.0 (4944.1; 5546.8) ml. In the first group of patients who did not receive TA during open- heart surgery, the volume of blood loss was 1460.6 (1196.8; 1725.8) ml or 26.9 % of the average circulating blood volume (CBV), and in the second group of patients who received TA intraoperatively - 1090.7 (882.3; 1468.6) ml or 20.9% of the CBV (p<0,001). Conclusion. The application of TA in cardiac surgery patients during open-heart surgery with ABC according to the developed algorithm (1000 mg/bolus, titration during surgery-200 mg/h) for the purpose of blood saving the volume of blood-loss was reduced by 25.3% compared to the control group. What this paper adds Algorithm for the use of tranexamic acid to reduce perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during open-heart surgery has been developed. This algorithm included intravenous tranexamic acid injection (1,000 mg.) followed by titration during the operation - 200 mg/h). The use of this algorithm in cardiac surgical procedures allows reducing the volume of blood loss by 25.3%.
The role of analogy in the verbalization of the realities of the objective world
Authors: Kutsak Hanna
Published: November 2021

Background. Being in a certain language environment, a person accumulates language resources, correlates them with the realities of objective reality on a subconscious level, as well as with the communicative intention and being used analogy, models the nominative unit. The appearance of the new name is based on the so-called “finished material”, that is the word-forming means and word-forming models which are available in the language.Purpose. To describe the role of analogy in the creation of derived nominative units in language and speech against the background of modern trends of verbalization of the realities of the surrounding actuality.Methods. The abstraction and descriptive-analytical methods were used to study the role of analogy in the verbalization of the realities of actuality.Results. The use of analogies is influenced by various factors: usually when the nominators use language actively to create according to a known wordforming model a name for a new concept or to offer an expressive name to an existent name of a known reality in a particular speech situation. Sometimes the analogy is used due to lack of speech experience to fill the nominative gap in a certain communicative situation.Depending on the nominative intention of the speaker and the corresponding models-samples it is possible to define kinds of applicable analogies: proper-nominative, associative, expressive, situational-compensatory, situational-correlative, nominative-adaptive.Discussion. The analogy often accompanies the process of verbalization of the realities of objective actuality, makes it simpler, systematizes, unifies the nominative resource of the modern Ukrainian language. The perspective of the research is to identify the most productive sample structures, according to which the nominative process takes place in different onomasiological categories.
Headlines in The Guardian editorials: the syntax and semantics of noun phrases
Authors: Pavlenko Larysa
Published: November 2021

The Guardian editorial headline is viewed as a two-component structure punctuated with colons in which the first part names the topic and the second one provides its comment. The article examines the frequency and diversity of eight noun phrase patterns and gives structural and functional analysis of their constituents. The author studies how categorial features of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions manifest themselves on a phrase level. Three types of semantic relations between noun-noun components are defined. Two more aspects under consideration are complexity and coordination in noun phrases.
Generator of PRN's on the norm group
Authors: Fugelo P. , Varbanets S.
Published: November 2021

Let $p$ be a prime number, $d\in\mathds{N}$, $\left(\frac{-d}{p}\right)=-1$, $m>2$, and let $E_m$ denotes the set of of residue classes modulo $p^m$ over the ring of Gaussian integers in imaginary quadratic field $\mathds{Q}(\sqrt{-d})$ with norms which are congruented with 1 modulo $p^m$. In present paper we establish the polynomial representations for real and imagimary parts of the powers of generating element $u+iv\sqrt{d}$ of the cyclic group $E_m$. These representations permit to deduce the ``rooted bounds'' for the exponential sum in Turan-Erd\"{o}s-Koksma inequality. The new family of the sequences of pseudo-random numbers that passes the serial test on pseudorandomness was being buit.
Strengthening the university competitiveness in the Czech Republic
Authors: Chládková Helena , Skýpalová Renata , Blašková Veronika
Published: November 2021

The number of students at Czech universities had been growing continuously until 2010. In 2010, almost 400,000 students studied there. Since then, this number has declined every year. Pressure on present-day universities has been accruing due to the competitive environment. The only way to strengthen competitiveness is to improve constantly the quality and image. The objective of this paper is to verify what factors are important for students regarding their satisfaction and what factors could be key for supporting the competitiveness of the Czech universities. To assess student satisfaction, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey where students were asked to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the faculty. The survey was carried out within the Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno (FBE MENDELU) and a selected private university in Brno in 2019. Relative frequencies were used in data processing and statistical hypotheses were tested. In addition to the basic classification according to one feature, a combination classification was also processed, and the independence was tested for different combinations of questions. Of the total number (1,020) of identified strengths at FBE MENDELU, 57.7% of students stated, “quality teachers”, 32.4% “faculty image” and 31.8% “modern environment” as strengths. Regarding the identified weaknesses, the most frequently mentioned were “study difficulty (42.4%),” weaker image of the university with the public “(31.5%) and not enough practical training (23.2%). At the private college, 47.8% of respondents cited “quality teachers”, “interesting lectures and teaching methods” (40.8%) and “study materials for subjects” (29.4%) as the school’s strengths.

Received: 16 April 2021Accepted: 23 October 2021
Introduction
Authors: Gobbi Mary , Greere Anca
Published: November 2021

The papers in this edition of the Journal bridge the gap between initiatives that occurred before the pandemic and those developed in response to the pandemic. They illustrate how an institution’s ability to implement rapid change is to some extent predicated on the institutional culture and adaptability before crises arise.
The Criminal Liability of Legal Entities in the Former Yugoslav Territory
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Legislation, Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation. Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor, Fedorov Aleksandr V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to review of laws of countries of the so-called Yugoslav criminal law group, which originated in the former Yugoslav territory. The article describes the concept of the former Yugoslav territory as the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), consisting of 10 entities: the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Slovenia, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Montenegro, the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Srpska, the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo, each of which has adopted its own criminal laws. The mentioned states follow the SFRY criminal law traditions to a greater or lesser extent, which largely ensures similarity of criminal laws of these states and gives a possibility to unite them in the Yugoslav criminal law group. All of the states recognize the criminal liability of legal entities. The author points out the common historical, international and political roots of such liability; reviews options of establishment of liability of legal entities by inclusion of the corresponding provisions in the national criminal codes or adoption of specific criminal laws on liability of legal entities as well as statutory resolutions making it possible to consider a legal entity as a criminal liability subject; gives a scope of legal entities, which cannot be brought to criminal liability; emphasizes the differences in the determination of crimes, which can lead to bringing legal entities to criminal liability; notes that in some countries of the reviewed group legal entities may be brought to criminal liability only for specifically indicated crimes while other countries have no such limitation; analyzes the bases of liability of legal entities stipulated by criminal laws and the models of criminal liability of legal entities implemented in the states of the Yugoslav group: an identification model and an extended identification model; states application of articles of the general parts of national criminal codes for bringing of legal entities to criminal liability.
Criminal Liability of Legal Entities under the Laws of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Legislation, Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Fedorov Aleksandr V.
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the review of the laws of the Republic of Macedonia (the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) on criminal liability of legal entities established in 2004 by introduction of amendments and supplements to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia. The article analyzes legal resolutions allowing consideration of a legal entity as a criminal liability subject; gives a scope of legal entities which can be brought to criminal liability; focuses on the fact that legal entities in the Republic of Macedonia may not be brought to criminal liability for any acts acknowledged as punishable by the national criminal laws, rather for the acts which are specifically addressed in the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia or other criminal laws. The author reviews such types of criminal sanctions applicable to legal entities as a fine, legal entity liquidation, forfeiture and sentence publication; notes the circumstances taken into account at punishment imposition and conditions for release from punishment as well as criminal and procedural peculiarities of bringing legal entities to liability including indication of broad discretionary powers of a prosecutor in solution of issues on bringing legal entities to criminal liability.
REVIEW - EUROPEAN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
Authors: Anitei Nadia-Cerasela
Published: November 2021

The reviewed book does not analyze all the provisions of European Private International Law, but only the relations between professionals in different fields and, tangentially, the relations of professionals with other categories of law subjects. This combination between aspects of international trade and the rules of European Private International Law is unique and very welcomed in the domestic legal landscape, especially since Carmen Tamara Ungureanu opts for issues that a lawyer faces daily, issues of current interest, particularly in the context of technological development and the European Union's choice and ambition to become a world leader in the digital economy.
Mechanisms of Identity Construction among Members of Pyramid Schemes in Iran: A Critical Ethnography
Authors: Keshavarzi Saeed , Ruhani Ali , Hajiheidari Soheyla
Published: November 2021

Whereas the emergence of pyramid schemes exerted considerable impacts on people’s lives, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the experiences of members from the sociological perspective, particularly in non-Western contexts. Therefore, this study illuminates social processes underlying participation in such schemes in a less studied social setting, Iran. This article also critically traces the social and psychological consequences of membership in pyramid schemes. We adapted a critical ethnographic approach, including participant observation of local branch offices, followed by 16 in-depth interviews with the former members of schemes. Our findings suggest that the practices deployed by the schemes lead to the building of social identity, namely, “superhuman,” mainly based on the misinterpretation of the real world. Finding the reality surrounded deliberately contrasted with the firms’ promises, the constructed identity fails, and members lose their social capital.
Impact of Different Processing Methods on Physico-chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Peanut Milk
Authors: Sakthi T. Siva , Meenakshi V. , Kanchana S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Peanut milk was prepared by different processing methods like fresh, blanching, soaking, roasting and germination methods and analyzed its physico chemical properties like pH, TSS, acidity, viscosity and colour value and also analyzed its antioxidant activity in both the selected local and CO 6 peanut varieties and studied the effect of processing methods on physico chemical properties, organoleptic characteristics and antioxidant activity. Methods: Local and CO 6 peanut variety were selected for preparation of peanut milk by five different processing methods like fresh, blanching (121°C 15 psi for 2 mins), soaking for 3 hrs, roasting (roasting for 5 mins followed by soaking 3 hrs) and germination (8 hrs) pretreatments were done. Then grinded (1:3 ratio of kernel to water), filtered by using muslin cloth, slurry was separated. Then the peanut milk was homogenized for 5 mins and double pasteurized (85°C for 15 mins). Result: The present study results reported that physico chemical properties of peanut milk (local and CO 6 variety) pH value varied between 6.3-6.9, TSS 11-13°Bx, viscosity 4.80-5.00 (Cp/100 ml), acidity 0.04-0.08 (g%), colour value L*a*b was higher (91.02, 0.97, 12.47) in control peanut milk from both the local and CO 6 variety respectively. Antioxidant activity was significantly higher in peanut milk developed from roasting method (roasting for 5 mins followed by soaking 3 hrs) in both the peanut varieties. Antioxidant activity of the peanut milk is also important for maintaining the shelf life of the product and prevent oxidative damage in human being.
Units of a person’s mental lexicon and the nature of connections between them
Authors: Rakisheva Zhanagul , Sagiyeva Aelita , Utegenova Assel , Vasic Bibigul
Published: November 2021

In the modern world, the interest of the scientific world on the interdisciplinary basis of speech perception on the part of psychology and Philology has increased significantly. It should be noted that, despite the increasing role of the English language in Kazakhstan at the present time, this problem is probably the least developed. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of scientific research on the process of entering a foreign word into the system of internal lexicon of a student at the level of professional training. Methodology used: experimental (identification of the threshold of the "educational" lexical minimum) and comparative (comparison of associative fields of English words of the profile for students of the direction, in general 1500 lexical units) were used. From the results the data obtained allow us to identify the specifics of the entry of a foreign language word into the system of the student's internal lexicon at the professional level.
Keywords: psycholinguistics, mental lexicon, internal dictionary, foreign language, connections
Effect of Stirring Time on Sodium Silicate Synthesis From Mount Kelud Volcanic Ash
Authors: Nurhidayati Isna , Tri Wahyuni Endang , Aprilita Nurul Hidayat , Hermanto Sarwendah Ratnawati
Published: November 2021

This study performed the synthesis of sodium silicate from the volcanic ash of Mount Kelud with various stirring time in the sodium silicate synthesis process. Synthesis of sodium silicate was carried out using alkaline extraction at low temperature. This method is based on the solubility of silica under alkaline conditions and is proven to be more effective than the smelting method. The dissolution of silica contained in the volcanic ash of Mount Kelud was carried out using NaOH solution to form a Na2SiO3 solution. This process also studied the effect of stirring time on the amount of dissolved silica, with the stirring time of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 and 4 hours. The dissolved silica levels were tested using AAS. The amount of dissolved silica increased sharply with the longer length of stirring time, however for a stirring time of more than 2.5 hours, the dissolution was slow. The study revealed that the optimal result time was obtained from the stirring time of 2.5 hours with dissolved silica content of 19.82%. Keywords: volcanic ash, silica, sodium silicate, stirring time
Endophytic Bacterial Effects on Seed as Enhancement in Germination with Mobilization of Reserves and Microbial Disinfection in Citrus Limon (L) by Biopriming Under Salinity Stress
Authors: Meenu S Saraf
Published: November 2021

The main aim of this study was to analyze the mobilization of storage reserves during seed germination of Citrus limon by host plant-endophytic bacteria interaction and to determine the contribution of endophytic bacteria in plant establishment. The seeds were inoculated with three different endophytic bacteria from Bacillus spp. which were isolated from the leaf of Citrus limon plant, and they were germinated in the dark. Fresh weight changes and early seedling growth were assessed, in all germinated and non-germinated seeds. To understand the mechanism promoting seed germination, the activities of extracellular enzymes of bacterial isolates were also analyzed by the plate assay method. The results showed that treatment with endophytic bacteria accelerated during the germination process. In summary, our current study showed that endophytic bacteria improved seed germination and post-germination seedling growth of Citrus limon plant inoculation with endophytic bacteria could promote storage reserve mobilization during or following germination; three bacterial isolates might have different action mechanisms on seed germination. The improved germination percentage and decreased germination period (GPD) using external agents can be exploited in conservation of this overexploited medicinally important plant.
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type I A-A Study of its Incidence, Risk Factors, Laboratory Parameters and Outcome
Authors: Abdullah Bilal Bin
Published: November 2021

The burden of HF in India appears high and Acute kidney injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this interaction are complex and multifactorial in nature.
Key issues in the regulation of microbial bioprotectants in the European Union: challenges and solutions to achieve more sustainable crop protection
Authors:   APIS Applied Insect Science GmbH, Germany, Hauschild Rüdiger , Ravensberg Willem J. ,   Koppert Biological Systems, The Netherlands
Published: November 2021

Microbial bioprotectants, like chemical pesticides, are required to pass a risk assessment and risk management procedure prior to use in plant protection, which in many countries is an obstacle for market access, in particular, the European Union. Administrative issues and data requirements, adapted from those used for chemicals, cause issues for both applicants and evaluators. These issues are reviewed and improvements are proposed. Biology should be the basis of the evaluation and data requirements for microorganisms, with an emphasis in this chapter on microbial compounds and testing methods. Political actions involving the use of pesticides are reviewed and recommendations are made on how to improve the system for microbial bioprotectants, including new uses. New legislation is suggested for all microorganisms used in agriculture and related uses based on the assumption that well-known microorganisms are of low risk to human health and the environment.
Using Verticillium albo-atrum WCS850 to control Dutch elm disease
Authors:   Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands, Postma Joeke
Published: November 2021

Approximately 100 years after the first introduction of Dutch elm disease (DED) in Europe, an effective commercial biocontrol product is available to protect susceptible elm trees against DED transmission by beetles. Injection of trees with conidiospores of the fungus Verticilium albo-atrum isolate WCS850, product name DutchTrig®, reduces infection to less than 0.2% of treated trees. This biocontrol agent, its mode of action, application, efficacy and limitations in controlling DED are described in this chapter.
Kebangkitan Lima Karakter Orang Madura Pasca Corona
Authors: Raditya Ardhie , Ulumuddin Naufalul Ihya’
Published: November 2021

Pandemi virus korona yang melanda seluruh dunia, termasuk juga Madura, telah menciptakan kenormalan hidup baru di masyarakat. Kenormalan hidup baru ini berimbas pada pembentukan atau penguatan karakter orang Madura. Terdapat lima karakter orang Madura yang menguat pasca korona. Yakni, karakter pènal, mertèh, ghetèh, nyarè bhâlâ, dan ressè’. Lima karakter ini merupakan produk pendidikan orang Madura yang bukan hanya berasal dari persekolahan atau institusi pendidikan formal lainnya, melainkan juga proses kultural yang telah berlangsung lama dalam kehidupan orang Madura. Tulisan ini hendak bertujuan mendeskripsikan kelima karakter orang Madura pasca korona dari perspektif dan metode penelitian ilmu sosial humaniora.
Авторська кінорецензія: жанрово-структурні та мовні особливості (на прикладі текстів Олександра Ковальчука)
Authors: Rysicz-Szafraniec Julia
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to understanding the modern processes of development of the ﬁlm review – a journalistic analytics genre. The author raises the issue of the new ﬁlm review quality in the Ukrainian media space. A variety of analytical texts from cinematophile journalists have been singled out as a separate genre, for which the term “author’s review” has been suggested. The peculiarities of the structural and content organization of the author’s review were highlighted. The article also shows the advantages of modern modiﬁcation to the ﬁlm review genre canons, both on structural and language levels, on the example of ﬁlm reviews by critic Oleksandr Kovalchuk.
A relação teoria e prática na educação física escolar
Authors: Fernandes Anoel
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo objetiva aguçar o debate acerca da relação entre teoria e prática na Educação Física escolar. Método: Para tanto, apresenta-se algumas considerações sobre as teorias/abordagens pedagógicas que permeiam o embate da Educação Física na escola. Em seguida, o foco gira em torno de algumas noções/conceitos da teoria crítica da sociedade, especificamente, Theodor Adorno e suas formulações sobre o lugar/valor da teoria. Considerações finais: Os apontamentos e reflexões realizados permitem inferir que tanto os acadêmicos, quanto os professores que estão na escola vislumbram a teoria em uma perspectiva pragmática. Concebida desse modo, a teoria se reduz em um ativismo cego que segue de forma obediente as regras do mundo administrado.
ANALYSIS METHOD OF GRADUAL CAST INSITU PROJECT COMPLETION OVERPASS PT. TALENTA BUMI MARABAHAN
Authors: Fitriadi Akhmad
Published: November 2021

Overpass project development Marabahan is a CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) from PT. Talenta Bumi, namely making public care facilities for the security and facilitate road transport and to improve the welfare of society .This project Overpass consists of main bridge prestressed concrete girders with spans of 30 m and bridges using slab pile construction with a total length of 200 m. This study aims to determine the calculation method of the analysis of in situ casts gradually and to determine the method of implementation of the phased-situ cast on Marabahan Overpass project.Analysis of cast insitu method stages in the project completion Overpass PT. Marabahan Earth's talents will be obtained security calculations on the structure of the Overpass. Foundry work first is casting with cast in situ on the crown, after it's done casting method cast in situ stages at the slab to be divided into two stages, namely the first layer 20 cm (half slab) and the second layer 15 cm (top slab) using scaffolding as a scaffold and job formwork with main reinforcement ɸut 22-150 which gradually cast directly on the ground with the popularity chart Fc validation test cylinder '30 MPa and graphs coefficient of concrete strength PBI age 71. For loading on board, the work scaffolding (scaffolding) at the time of cast insitu gradually in the field wearing a scaffold with a heavy load capacity (heavy duty) has a maximum load of 675 kg/bay or 0.675 tons/m2, and using strong wooden scaffolding with wood class III based voltage PKKI 1961 timber permit.Based on the analysis results of calculations using the method of cast insitu gradually, by doing a test trial error with conditional on calculation of security moment of the plan should be greater than the moment of ultimate, then casting the first layer half slab in getting workable with the concrete less than one day the Fc '5 MPa and to stage a second layer using a comparison chart coefficient PBI age compressive strength, obtained Fc' 9.57 MPa to 1.5 days workmanship of the concrete casting. With the trial based on the test results of the concrete age, can accelerate and cut time jobs and can save the cost of the work, such as the cost of the use of formwork and scaffolding usage. suggestednecessary to test the concrete test cylinders for 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, etc,so that getting the maximum test.