bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКОМ ОПИСАНИИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ ОСЕТИНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: Morgoeva Larisa Batrazovna
Published: January 2019

Цель. В рецензии на словарь, полностью составленный на осетинском языке, подчеркивается особая актуальность, острая необходимость в лексикографических работах различного типа, и потому своевременность его появления. Автор ставит целью дать объективную оценку структуре и содержанию данного словаря, необходимость в которой связана с повышенным вниманием к осетинскому языку в целом, и к семантике языковых единиц в частности.Метод или методология проведения работы. Использованы методы сравнительного и структурного анализа и обобщения.Результаты. Отмечается широкий охват представленных языковых единиц, где нашли отражение все типы фразеологических оборотов, семантика которых раскрывается на обширном иллюстративном материале; прослеживается неразрывная связь многих из них с культурными представлениями осетин, фольклором и традиционной обрядностью, которая, в свою очередь, нуждается в особом представлении и развернутом толковании. Словарь представляет собой свод наиболее употребительных и распространенных устойчивых оборотов речи, который может стать внушительной основой при составлении большого фразеологического словаря осетинского языка с возможным выявлением этимологии фразеоединиц, а также с частичным включением в состав словаря устойчивых конструкций из различных афористических жанров, которые в определенной мере претерпели фразеологизацию или послужили основой для образования собственно фразеологизмов, как в случае с «образными» частями некоторых осетинских речевых формул, свободно используемых в качестве самостоятельных фразеологизированных сочетаний.Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного анализа могут быть учтены при составлении лингвистических словарей, при разработке концепций новых типов лексикографических сборников.
ТАМИЗДАТ. ПРОБЛЕМА ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ
Authors: Fedin Alexandr Anatolyevich
Published: January 2019

Автором предложены гипотезы понятия «тамиздат», которое возникло и применялось в России с конца 50-х годах ХХ века. Приводятся способы издания, распространения и чтения тамиздатовских произведений, которые были запрещены к изданию в СССР. Рассмотрены правовые аспекты, которые имели место в эпоху тоталитарного государства 60–80 гг. ХХ века, а также влияние на деятельность авторов и реципиентов по изданию, распространению и книгочтению изданий тамиздата.Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях современной общественно-политической жизни общества – теме цензурирования и издания текстов произведений запрещенной литературы писателей, а также передачи информации. Предметом анализа являются трактовки термина «тамиздат». Автор ставит целью определить понятие «тамиздата» и тамиздатовских изданий.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют книговедческие методы: историко-типологический и аналитико-тематический, а также системный подход.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор исследует репертуар и способы издания запрещенных произведений. Автор предлагает гипотезы и формулировки понятия «тамиздат», и выдвигает для обсуждения данное понятие, которое необходимо отделить от понятия «литература русского зарубежья».Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере изучения истории литературоведения, отечественного и зарубежного издательского дела, его развития.
Accounting for Investments in Human Capital
Authors: Парасоцкая Н. , Parasotskaya N. , Гуськов Сергей , Guskov Sergei
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the concept of human capital, the existing approaches to its assessment, provides a definition of this concept. The article also justifies the need to take into account investments in human capital, formulated specific proposals for its accounting in organizations with the opening of the corresponding special account.
Intellectual property law: Industrial property
Authors: Гончаренко Любовь , Goncharenko Lyubov' , Лосева Ольга , Loseva Ol'ga , Павлов Владимир , Pavlov Vladimir , Рузаков Алексей , Ruzakov Aleksey , Рузакова Ольга , Ruzakova Ol'ga , Ручкина Гульнара , Ruchkina Gul'nara , Свиридова Екатерина , Sviridova Ekaterina , Федотова Марина , Fyedotova Marina
Published: January 2019

The textbook reveals the features of legal regulation of industrial property. The book deals with the General provisions of patent law, subjects and objects of patent rights, the concept and content of patent rights. Special attention is paid to non-traditional objects of intellectual property: selection achievements, secrets of production (know-how), topologies of integrated circuits, issues of legal regulation of trade names, trademarks, commercial designations and appellations of origin of goods are subject to consideration of their evaluation. For better assimilation of the material, each Chapter of the textbook ends with a workshop, which includes a thesaurus, control questions and tasks, practice-oriented and test tasks, a list of recommended sources. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. The textbook is intended for use in the educational process in the direction of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence" (bachelor level) at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as in legal educational institutions of higher education.
A grounded theory study of the perceptions and meanings associated with gastrostomies among parents of children with palliative needs
Authors: Chocarro Lourdes , González Purificación , Moreno Alicia , Barceló Marta , Martino Ricardo
Published: January 2019

Background:

There is few literature on the difficulties and different meanings of gastrostomy tubes (GST) for parents of children with palliative needs, and what specific palliative care teams contribute to this process.

Aim:

To explore the process of information in the decision of performing a gastrostomy and the meanings that parents of children with palliative needs build around them.

Design:

Semi-structured interviews which were transcribed and analysed using Grounded Theory.

Setting/participants:

Parents and caretakers of children admitted in Paediatric Palliative Care Unit of Madrid Autonomous Community (Spain) whose children bore a gastrostomy device.

Results:

Two core categories arise (‘Fight’ and ‘The child as a life-meaning generator’). In all the cases, the child supplied the meaning to go on, and the Palliative Care Unit (CPU) helped in the daily care of the child and solving problems derived from the handling of the GT.

Conclusions:

It is necessary to improve the process of giving bad news and to introduce models of health care that focus on parents and child as the center of palliative care. It is also necessary to develop educational programs that enable continuity of care at home for children with palliative needs.
Calf measurements screening for deep vein thrombosis in acute inpatient cancer rehabilitation
Authors: Ng Amy H , Gupta Ekta , Bianty Josephine , Williams Janet L , Bruera Eduardo
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims:

Cancer patients have a fourfold increase in the frequency of thrombosis and it is a common cause of death. The purpose of this study was to review the impact of calf measurements during initial admission to an inpatient rehabilitation unit to detect deep vein thrombosis.

Methods:

During inpatient admission to a rehabilitation unit, calf measurement assessments were performed by nursing staff. The nurses were instructed to notify clinicians for an order for a venous Doppler ultrasound if the difference between the two calves was greater than 3 cm.

Findings:

A total of 374 patients were admitted to the inpatient cancer rehabilitation unit over 12 months. Only six patients (2%) did not have their calves measured, with a 98% compliance of measurement. Only two patients (0.5%) had a difference in calf measurement and clinical exam significant to warrant a venous Doppler ultrasound. Both cases were negative for thrombosis. Venous Doppler ultrasounds were performed in 63 (17%) patients before admission to the rehabilitation unit. During the rehabilitation stay, venous Doppler ultrasounds were performed on 44 (12%) patients, with 10 (3%) patients identified with having deep vein thrombosis.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that calf measurements at admission to a rehabilitation unit were unable to detect deep vein thrombosis in this cancer population. Venous Doppler ultrasounds were ordered and identified additional patients who had deep vein thrombosis.
Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence (TRS-EAC): Adaptation to Turkish, Validity and Reliability
Authors: Senol Fatma Betul , Turan Figen
Published: January 2019

This study aims to conduct Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies of the Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence. This study also aims to examine and improve early academic competence thoroughly on the basis of teachers’ ratings in Turkey, and lastly to contribute an assessment and measurement instrument to the literature which will enable to conduct further research in the field. This study was designed in a general survey model. The study included normally developing 619 36-72 month-old preschoolers attending to nursery classes and kindergartens affiliated to Afyonkarahisar Ministry of National Education in 2015-2016 academic year. The validity and reliability studies of the data obtained following the implementation of TRS-EAC, was completed. The Cronbach Alpha, split half test, test-retest reliability of the scale and its subscales were measured. TRS-EAC was found to be valid and reliable for 36-72 month-old children. It can be considered that the various studies that can be used TRS-EAC in Turkey will provide important contributions to the measurement power of this test.
Minimum Inter-Event Times for Rainfall in the Eastern Monsoon Region of China
Authors: Wang Wenting , Wang Wenting , Yin Shuiqing , Xie Yun , Nearing Mark A. , Yin Shuiqing , Xie Yun , Nearing Mark A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

Minimum inter-event time (MIT) is an index used to delineate independent storms from sub-daily rainfall records. An individual storm is defined as a period of rainfall with preceding and succeeding dry periods less than MIT. The exponential method was used to determine an appropriate MITexp for the eastern monsoon region of China based on observed 1-min resolution rainfall data from 18 stations. Results showed that dry periods between storms greater than MITexp followed an exponential distribution. MITexp values varied from 7.6 h to 16.6 h using 1-min precipitation data, which were statistically not different from values using hourly data at p = 0.05. At least ten years of records were necessary to obtain a stable MIT. Values of storm properties are sensitive to the change in MIT values, especially when MIT values are small. Average precipitation depths across all stations were 45% greater, durations were 84% longer, maximum 30-min intensities were 27% greater, and average rainfall intensities were 20% less when using an MIT of 10 h, the average value of MITexp over 18 stations, compared to 2 h. This indicates that more attention should be paid to the use of the MIT index as it relates to storm properties. Keywords: China, Exponential method, Minimum inter-event time, Storm, Storm property.
Moisture Sorption Isotherms and Isosteric Heats of Sorption of High-Pressure Treated Paulownia Wood under Different Storage Conditions
Authors: Jiang Xiuping , Jiang Xiuping , Li Huanhuan , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zhu Songming , Yu Yong , Li Huanhuan , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zhu Songming , Yu Yong
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

Understanding of moisture sorption isotherms (MSI) is critical for predicting the stability of wood during handling, transport, and storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adsorption and desorption isotherm characteristics of high-pressure (HP) treated paulownia wood and to identify the best-fitting model to describe its sorption behavior. The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) of HP-treated paulownia wood were obtained using a static gravimetric method under different storage conditions: three temperatures (20°C, 30°C, and 40°C) and five water activity (aw) levels (0.32 to 0.95). Results showed that HP parameters did not significantly affect the MSI trend of treated groups. Eight modified models (modified Chung-Pfost, modified Henderson, modified Oswin, modified Halsey, Chen-Clayton, Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), simply modified GAB, and Peleg) were fitted to the experimental data. The Chen-Clayton model (temperature-dependent) produced randomized residuals and the best prediction performance for both adsorption and desorption among all models. Net isosteric heat of adsorption and desorption decreased from 7.55 to 4.84 kJ mol-1 and from 18.1 to 12.2 kJ mol-1, respectively, with an increase in EMC from 7.5% to 10%. The isosteric temperature (Tß) was 352 K for adsorption and 335 K for desorption, between which all the adsorption and desorption reactions proceeded at the same rate. All thermodynamic functions were adequately characterized by a power law model. Keywords: Equilibrium moisture content, High-pressure treatment, Modeling, Moisture sorption isotherm, Paulownia wood, Temperature, Thermodynamic analysis.
Development of an Artificial Neural Network Approach for Predicting Plant Water Status in Almonds
Authors: Meyers Julie N. , Meyers Julie N. , Kisekka Isaya , Upadhyaya Shrinivasa K. , Michelon Gabriela Karoline , Kisekka Isaya , Upadhyaya Shrinivasa K. , Michelon Gabriela Karoline
Published: January 2019

Abstract.

Stem water potential (SWP) is a commonly used method for determining plant water status (PWS) but requires a significant amount of time and is tedious to measure. To eliminate the necessity for this fieldwork, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were designed to predict PWS using information that is easier to measure, such as leaf temperature and microclimatic variables including ambient air temperature, relative humidity, incident radiation, and soil water content. To collect these variables, leaf and soil water sensors were placed in a 1.6 ha almond orchard. The sensors were interconnected through a wireless mesh network, which allowed remote data access. SWP values were taken in the field at midday three times a week during the growing season. The ANNs were trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with the data divided into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% test data. Each network contained one hidden layer with one to three hidden neurons. For each unique combination of inputs, the network was retrained five times, and the best network was selected based on the lowest mean squared error for the test data. When compared with multiple linear regression models fitting the same data, the networks consistently resulted in better R2 values, and higher values may be achieved with further optimization. These results suggest that there is potential for machine learning techniques that use ANNs to model the relationship between environmental conditions and PWS, which may be used for predicting acceptable temperature differences from target SWP. Keywords: Almonds, Artificial neural network, Leaf monitor, Machine learning, Plant water status, Precision irrigation, Stem water potential.
Layscapes. Cartografía crítica de la ciudad conectada
Authors: Garcia Garcia Alejandro , Roig Segovia Eduardo
Published: January 2019

El imperativo digital ha supuesto la definitiva inmersión de la sociedad en un universo complejo. El establecimiento de las tecnologías electrónicas de la información y la comunicación inaugura así un nuevo paradigma en las maneras de vivir de los seres humanos incidiendo en sus estilos de vida y en sus relaciones, cuyo reflejo urbano es un territorio emergente resultado de la hibridación del mundo físico y el digital. En este contexto parece necesario encontrar una cartografía adecuada a ese nuevo territorio. El artículo explora las cartografías digitales, cuya lógica operativa se traslada a los esquemas mentales del ser humano, generándose un proceso comunicativo entre ambos agentes. Estos flujos interactivos y simultáneos proveen nuevas capas de significado a lo físico - ciudad, personas, entorno – a partir de la integración de la capa digital al espacio físico tradicional. Desde esta lógica de capas se plantea Layscapes como una herramienta de diálogo entre el paisaje urbano contemporáneo y el habitante. La hermenéutica planteada por este modelo de conocimiento crítico obtiene como resultado una metamodelización en capas donde se identifican los elementos, las relaciones y las dinámicas espacio-temporales del territorio emergente. El habitante/usuario parte de estos datos para realizar su intervención territorial en un proceso de retroalimentación informativa. Las consideraciones finales muestran cómo la tecnología establecida tras la Revolución Digital abre nuevos espacios de diálogo con el fenómeno urbano, proponiendo nuevos modelos territoriales de carácter abierto y redefiniendo el papel del arquitecto en la producción urbana.
Contra el cercamiento de saberes. Sobre el gobierno de un Programa de Estudios en Mano Común
Authors: Quiroga Fran , Olmedo Rio Andrea , Dopazo Ruibal Lara
Published: January 2019

En un contexto de intensificación de acumulación capitalista existen, de manera resiliente, comunes rurales que, a través de una gobernanza específica, gestionan recursos y garantizan la sostenibilidad de bienes. Aprender de estas experiencias nos abre la posibilidad de generar otros espacios autónomos de producción de conocimiento. El Programa de Estudios en Mano Común (PEMAN), desarrollado entre 2016 y 2018, fue la manifestación de ese deseo. A través de este texto leemos ese proceso de transducción de la gobernanza de los montes vecinales gallegos a un programa de estudios independiente: los mecanismos de gestión colaborativa, la co responsabilidad, la toma de decisiones, el retorno social o el grado de apertura de esta comunidad epistémica.
DNA Amplification Technique for Detection of Bovine Brucellosis
Authors: Noor Susan Maphilindawati
Published: January 2019

Brucellosis is one of cattle diseases which causes a very significant economic loss and categorized as zoonotic disease. Early detection of Brucellosis in livestock is very important to prevent the spread of disease to livestock and humans. The success of Brucellosis control depends on rapid, sensitive and specific detection methods. The aim of this paper is to review several methods of Brucellosis detection in cattle. Currently, the detection of Brucellosis in Indonesia is using serological and isolation methods. The latter method is the gold standard of Brucellosis diagnosis, however, its sensitivity is low. Therefore, molecular techniques with DNA amplification have been developed and applied in many countries both in livestock and humans because they are more sensitive, specific and rapid in detecting Brucella sp in blood, milk and semen samples. Various DNA amplification methods for detection of Brucellosis that have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), finger printing and loop-mediated isothermal amplificatiom (LAMP). Both PCR and LAMP are more sensitive and specific in detecting Brucella sp than conventional techniques. PCR technique has advantages in detecting Brucella sp species to serotype and biovar levels. In addition, PCR reagents are cheaper and easier to obtain than LAMP eventhough, LAMP procedure is simpler and faster.
MicroRNAs – promising molecular markers for detecting cancer in thyroid nodules
Authors: Serdyukova Olga S. , Titov Sergei E. , Malakhina Ekaterina S. , Rymar Oksana D.
Published: January 2019

Thyroid nodules are one of the most common thyroid diseases. The prevalence of thyroid nodules is estimated to be 2–65% depending on the detection methods. Yet despite the high frequency of thyroid nodules only about 5–10% of such nodules are malignant. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid nodule is currently the primary diagnostic tool for determining the nature of a thyroid nodule. Now, the fine needle aspiration biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing thyroid cancer but in 30% of cases the cytological conclusion is uncertain. Cytological research is not enough to diagnose benign and malignant tumors. The need to improve the effectiveness of fine needle aspiration biopsy findings led to the search for new diagnostic biomarkers and the creation of diagnostic panels on their basis for their application in the diagnosis of uncertain nodules. Determination of molecular markers in the thyroid aspirate will allow to differentiate benign and malignant tumors more accurately at the preoperative stage and reduce the number of inappropriate surgery. The review article presents the characteristics of MicroRNAs, allowing them to be used in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Diagnostic panels based on gene mutations and MicroRNA expression demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity of these methods are also indicated. Analysis of literature indicates that molecular analysis of fine needle aspiration genetic material from thyroid nodal formations demonstrates great prospects of prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. However, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend or to prohibit of utilization this molecular testing during the cytological conclusion of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Molecular analysis (MicroRNA) is a perspective method for evaluation of thyroid nodal formations with indeterminate cytology, however, this method requires further study and improvement.
ORTHOTICS IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Skoblin Aleksey Anatolyevich
Published: January 2019

The literature review is devoted to the important problem – orthotics in children and adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The main types of braces used in complex treatment of these patients are described. The indications for orthotic treatment and its results were analyzed. The orthotics potentialities in conservative correction of spinal deformities were shown.
"Artillery Properly Distributed": Ten or Twelve Guns with the Continental Advance Corps at Monmouth Courthouse
Authors: Timpanaro and Victor Pidermann Michael
Published: January 2019

This paper attempted to answer how many artillery pieces were actually present with General Charles Lee’s advance corps at the Battle of Monmouth? The various sources disagree on the number, ranging from ten to twelve guns. Based on re-analysis of primary and secondary sources, this paper surmised that there were in fact five separate artillery companies, with two guns each, attached to the advance corps, for a total number of armament fixed at ten guns. This conclusion was reached through a several-step process, begun initially by conducting an in-depth historiography of the primary and secondary sources that discussed these artillery numbers at the Battle of Monmouth. After this review, the structure of the Continental Artillery, as it was incorporated into Washington’s Army, was analyzed. With the insights gained from these studies, the final step sought to reconcile these two sets of data to resolve the question at hand. Next, based on the conclusions reached, this article proffers the identities of the artillery companies of the advance corps. The further evidence collected from artillery unit muster rolls and other primary sources clearly identified four of these companies while providing strong circumstantial evidence in naming the fifth and final artillery unit.
Statehood and Sovereignty: A Case Study of William Livingston from Philosophe to Federalist
Authors: Dagnall Caleb
Published: January 2019

In 1776, in the midst of the American struggle for independence, William Livingston became the first elected Governor of New Jersey. Having been significantly influenced by the works of Enlightenment thinkers and philosophes, William Livingston holds a unique place in history as a bridge between intellectual political theory and its practical application in the American Revolution and the creation of our nation. As governor, he oversaw the transformation of New Jersey from a colony – under British tyranny and then under their own state constitution – to a sovereign state – under the Articles of Confederation – and finally to a member of a federal union – under the Constitution of the United States that he was instrumental in drafting and ratifying. This paper examines William Livingston as a case study of early American political thought regarding the concepts of statehood and sovereignty. Through the analysis of his published and unpublished papers, the relationship between these concepts is outlined within a sociopolitical context through the governments he helped shape. Despite the lack of existing writings demonstrating Livingston’s sympathies towards either side of the Federalist debate, a careful study of his writings reveals Livingston to be a Pragmatic Federalist.
"Without The Least Provision": Black and Desegregationist Resistance to Systemic Racial Discrimination in Private and Public Housing in Trenton, New Jersey, 1938-1965
Authors: Driscoll E. Rosie
Published: January 2019

Most historical scholarship on race and housing in the 20th-century United States examines public housing and private housing separately or focuses on large metropoles. This study seeks to understand the relationship between public and private housing discrimination, segregated residential patterns, and desegregationist advocacy in mid-20th Century Trenton, New Jersey. To do so, it utilizes archived documents of local civil rights organizations, correspondence between activist groups and local public officials, and local newspaper articles along with secondary literature on race and housing. This thesis argues that the introduction of federal public housing programs in the 1930s, intended to increase quality housing access, allowed Trenton’s government officials to place black residents in segregated projects, thereby reinforcing existing segregated residential patterns. Simultaneously, financial institutions and realtors infringed upon black Trentonians’ agency in the private market through discriminatory lending and realty practices that discouraged integration. City leaders’ segregationist attitudes furthered systemic racial discrimination, confining black Trentonians of all socio-economic classes to poor quality, overcrowded housing. Black and segregationist activists resisted segregationist practices by asserting their right to fair representation as taxpayers through letters, community meetings, and public demonstrations. By the 1960s, they gained an ally in Trenton’s mayor, but the mass exodus of white Trentonians in the postwar period prevented integration efforts from coming to full fruition. These findings suggest that racial discrimination in private and public markets coalesced to systemically limit black families’ ability to access decent and sufficient housing conditions throughout the country.
Advocacy of an Exit Test for History/Social Studies in New Jersey
Authors: Gorman William
Published: January 2019

As states like New Jersey navigate the issue of graduation requirements, most states have gone to what is called “high stakes” exit testing for the purpose of awarding high school diplomas. These tests typically emerge to be Mathematics and Language Arts/Reading based. In states like New Jersey, though, these exit tests have given way to subject based tests in things such as Biology and Algebra. Social Studies is not tested, but should be, if the state claims to care about producing well-rounded students prepared to fulfill their civic duties as voting adults. William Gorman, an educator with 30 years’ experience, lobbies for such testing in this editorial.
Scarlet and Black: Slavery and Dispossession in Rutgers History
Authors: Hollander Craig
Published: January 2019

Craig Hollander's review of Scarlet and Black: Slavery and Dispossession in Rutgers History, by Maria Fuentes and Deborah Gray White, eds.
The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North
Authors: McGee Amanda
Published: January 2019

Amanda McGee's review of The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North, by Hendrik Hartog
Morven Museum and Garden
Authors: Morales R. Isabela
Published: January 2019

A review of Morven Museum and Garden's new permanent exhibit
Antoni Karbowiak (1856-1919) - współtwórca polskiej historii wychowania jako dyscypliny naukowej
Authors: Wałęga Agnieszka
Published: January 2019

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Jubileusz 70 rocznicy urodzin Pani Profesor Danuty Koźmian
Authors: Jankowski Robert
Published: January 2019

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Struktura semantyczna słów nazywających uczucia
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna
Published: January 2019

Based on the analysis of Leo Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina, the article deals with semantic structure of words for emotions.
Ta „poważna drobnostka”. Nowe wydanie Baśni Johanna Wolfganga Goethego
Authors: Ćwiklak Kornelia
Published: January 2019

In this article, the author discusses and reviews the first Polish critical edition of Johann Wolfgang Goethe’s The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily (2015). The literary text was preceded by two elaborate scientific descriptions which the author of this article refers to. The primary focus is on the extensive German tradition of interpreting The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily (Das Märchen, 1795), because the main spur of its development is the difficulty or inability to obtain its unambiguous interpretation due to the high degree of symbolism and the esotericism of this literary work. Both critical texts feature the following interpretation grounds: historic-literary – emphasizing the role of the literary circle of the Weimar Goethe and Schiller; historical – stressing the importance of the events associated with the French Revolution and its impact on the situation in Germany; philosophical – represented by Rudolf Steiner and his anthroposophic reading of this work; and poetological – focusing on the properties and functions of its poetics. Among the existing explication there is a lack of genology of the fairy tales and a lack of the placing the work in a broader context of ideas and works of Goethe, which, if taken into account could help to clarify its meanings.
Aposiopesis albo figury myśli w dobie ucieleśnionego umysłu
Authors: Grodecka Aneta
Published: January 2019

The Author is interested in the states of becoming silent, discontinuing one’s utterance, which are associated with certain mechanisms of the functioning of the brain, as well as in the observation of such states in different artistic disciplines. Looking for an answer to the question how aposiopesis operates in words, sounds, and images, she analyzes pieces of music, poems (Zbigniew Herbert’s Pora), and examples of visual arts (Wojciech Pakmur’s paintings of the tango). In her reconstruction of the research field, the Author refers to rhetoric ( Jerzy Ziomek, Seweryna Wysłouch), the philosophy of language (Michel Foucault, Jean-François Lyotard), and neurophenomenology. The aim of the article is to suggest a new mode of reading that seeks inspiration and language in works from the field of neuropsychology (Maria Pąchalska), hermeneutic phenomenology (Mark Johnson), or neurology (António Damásio, Oliver Sacks). The Author’s analyses refer to Raoul Schrott and Arthur Jacobs’s concept (Gehirn und Gedicht, 2011), and the conclusions confirm that one should not look for a model (pattern) in the reception of art, but describe mental processes. The proposed mechanism of interpretation is most accurately reflected by the metaphor of dance improvisation, where one does not meditate on and then perform particular steps and gestures, but “thinks in motion.” This mode of reading emphasizes the spatial dimension of thought processes and their dynamic nature.
Retained Earnings, Interest Rates and Lending Relationship
Authors: Dumitrescu Ariadna
Published: January 2019

This paper provides a moral hazard characterization of the effects of lending relationship on cost of funds. I develop a model that studies the problem of financial contracting between a bank and an entrepreneur and isolates the effect of the lending relationship on the interest rates. The main result is that a bank-entrepreneur relationship has a positive effect on the interest rates, the optimal contract specifying a decreasing sequence of interest rates. The possibility of the entrepreneur to use partially his retained earnings improves the terms of the contract between entrepreneur and lender by reducing the difference between the two interest rates.
Functionalisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces with two cationised xylans by means of two anchoring polymers
Authors: Fras Zemljič Lidija , Dimitrušev Nena , Saake Bodo , Strnad Simona
Published: January 2019

The main aim of this investigation was to study the interaction of cationised xylans as antimicrobial substances with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) model films, prepared by spin coating. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) with dissipation monitoring was applied as a nanogram sensitive balance to detect the amount of adsorbed cationised xylans. The xylan adsorption onto PET model films was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength. To improve the adsorption, positively charged polyethylenimid (PEI) and negatively charged polyvinyl-sulfonic acid (PVSA), as sodium salt, were applied as anchoring polymers. Surface free energies and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of surfaces were monitored by goniometry. Cationised xylans favourably deposited at pH 5, where beside electrostatic, physical interactions are possible, and adsorption may be driven by entropy gain. Higher ionic strengths of solutions also improved adsorption, due to the lower water solubilities of xylans. When intermediate layers of chosen anchoring polymers were applied on the PET surfaces, the binding of xylans as well as their coating durability were improved. Surface modifications presented in this work, provided important information regarding the adsorption/desorption phenomena between antimicrobial cationised xylans and synthetic PET surfaces. The latter is of great interest, when composing hydrophilic and antimicrobial PET surfaces for medical applications.
Repetitive Diffuse Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Causes an Atypical Astrocyte Response and Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures
Authors: Shandra Oleksii , Winemiller Alexander R. , Heithoff Benjamin P. , Munoz-Ballester Carmen , George Kijana K. , Benko Michael J. , Zuidhoek Ivan A. , Besser Michelle N. , Curley Dallece E. , Edwards G. Franklin , Mey Anroux , Harrington Alexys N. , Kitchen Jeremy P. , Robel Stefanie
Published: January 2019

Focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces astrogliosis, a process essential to protecting uninjured brain areas from secondary damage. However, astrogliosis can cause loss of astrocyte homeostatic functions and possibly contributes to comorbidities such as posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Scar-forming astrocytes seal focal injuries off from healthy brain tissue. It is these glial scars that are associated with epilepsy originating in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. However, the vast majority of human TBIs also present with diffuse brain injury caused by acceleration-deceleration forces leading to tissue shearing. The resulting diffuse tissue damage may be intrinsically different from focal lesions that would trigger glial scar formation. Here, we used mice of both sexes in a model of repetitive mild/concussive closed-head TBI, which only induced diffuse injury, to test the hypothesis that astrocytes respond uniquely to diffuse TBI and that diffuse TBI is sufficient to cause PTE. Astrocytes did not form scars and classic astrogliosis characterized by upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein was limited. Surprisingly, an unrelated population of atypical reactive astrocytes was characterized by the lack of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, rapid and sustained downregulation of homeostatic proteins and impaired astrocyte coupling. After a latency period, a subset of mice developed spontaneous recurrent seizures reminiscent of PTE in human TBI patients. Seizing mice had larger areas of atypical astrocytes compared with nonseizing mice, suggesting that these atypical astrocytes might contribute to epileptogenesis after diffuse TBI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of acquired epilepsies. Reactive astrocytes have long been associated with seizures and epilepsy in patients, particularly after focal/lesional brain injury. However, most TBIs also include nonfocal, diffuse injuries. Here, we showed that repetitive diffuse TBI is sufficient for the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in a subset of mice. We identified an atypical response of astrocytes induced by diffuse TBI characterized by the rapid loss of homeostatic proteins and lack of astrocyte coupling while reactive astrocyte markers or glial scar formation was absent. Areas with atypical astrocytes were larger in animals that later developed seizures suggesting that this response may be one root cause of epileptogenesis after diffuse TBI.
EFFECTS OF SOME EDIBLE COATING ON QUALITY OF READY-TO-EAT AMASYA APPLES
Authors: KARAGÖZ Şeyda , DEMİRDÖVEN Aslıhan
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to investigate the changes of some physicochemical and
sensory quality of ready-to-eat Amasya apples coated with chitosan and stevia
combinations. Cube-shaped apples divided into three sample groups: i- Control
(C, without coating); ii- Chitosan (CH, dipped into film mixture consisting of
0.75% chitosan, 1.5% glycerol, 2% ascorbic acid); iii- Chitosan-stevia (CHS,
same CH film additionally contains 2.5% stevia extract). Some physicochemical
and sensory analyzes were performed. Film coatings decreased respiration rate, increased
titration acidity but no weight loss was observed in all samples. CH and CHS
increased fruit hardness value at the beginning of storage, but in other days,
statistically difference wasn’t observed between samples (P >0.05).
At the end of storage, a decrease was seen in L* values; but an increase was
seen in a* and b* values of samples (P ≤0.05). In addition, CHS samples
wasn’t approved due to herbaceous smell and taste of stevia.
The Capitalist Illusion
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter lays out the thesis of the book—that an incorrect understanding of capitalism has become hegemonic in recent decades. It shows how the acceptability of the word itself changed radically over the last fifty years, and it identifies the role of conservative intellectuals and business writers in infusing the term with a specific set of meanings.
The Illusion That Greed Is Good
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter shows that theorists going back to Adam Smith have recognized that the pursuit of economic self-interest has to be moderated by social and legal restraints. The failure to recognize this in recent decades has produced an epidemic of corporate crime and threatens prosperity.
The Illusion of an Unchanging System
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter challenges the idea that the essence of capitalism has not changed, despite transformations in what is produced and how it is produced. The contrast between the United States and Germany is used to show how market societies are politically constructed.
1964
Authors: Dawson Alexander S.
Published: January 2019

As the United States moved toward a ban on peyote during the 1960s, the courts were forced to confront the First Amendment claims of Native American peyotists. This chapter explores the deployment of the concept of “bona fide” religious belief, which became the means through which an exemption for Native American peyotists was enshrined in U.S. law. The courts attempted to measure this through a series of metrics: whether or not other drugs were used, whether or not ceremonies took place within a formally organized church, and the extent to which these practices could be said to be traditional. More troubling was the fact that the courts and later the U.S. government relied on race as a basis for evaluating these claims, particularly after the Native American Church exemption was enshrined in federal laws that made peyote a schedule-one drug. Federal law made exceptions for the Native American Church only so long as those enjoying the exemption were also at least one-quarter Indian by blood. We see here, then, the role that the state’s obsession with race played in ensuring that Native American Church chapters became exclusively indigenous churches, reshaping the Native American Church in the process.
Race, Space, Time
Authors: Dawson Alexander S.
Published: January 2019

We begin the book’s conclusion with the juxtaposition of two different stories of peyotism: the creation of an ecotourism business featuring Wixárika peyotism in Potrero de la Palmita, Nayarit, in 2010 and the short history of an African American peyotist church in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the 1920s. The former is licit, enjoying support by a state committed to economic development, while the latter faced constant threats from the police before collapsing, in part due to its members’ fear of arrest. These two stories remind us of the central roles that place and time play in the history of peyotism across the U.S.-Mexican border, but they also force us to consider the ways that ideas about race have informed the battles over peyote in Mexico and the United States. Particularly striking is the fact that the racial prohibitions enacted by the Spanish Inquisition resonate with current law. Also notable is the fact that Mexicans and Americans have deployed similar ideas about race over time in their battles over peyote. This speaks to the underlying anxieties that indigeneity evokes in both societies, as well as the role that indigenous subjects have played in the creation of whiteness in both the United States and Mexico.
Introduction
Authors: Jones Nikki
Published: January 2019

From: Eric Johnson

To: Nicky Jones

Subject: Murder

Date: July 5, 2013, 1:49 PM

Message: Corey was murdered last night

This was not the first message I received from Eric about a murder of someone we both knew. I had received a similar message just six months earlier. This time, it was Corey....
Targets
Authors: Jones Nikki
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 illustrates how the crime-fighting community cedes responsibility for the control of young Black men most vulnerable to violence as either victim or perpetrator to the most powerful and punitive member of the community: the criminal justice system. This isolation and vulnerability is evidenced in the daily and routine interactions among a range of law enforcement actors in the neighborhood and young Black men, which makes the adolescent period for today’s youth markedly different than that of Eric and his peers. In places where targeted policing practices persist over time, the juvenile and criminal justice system can become the most significant institutional presence in young men’s lives, which can make it even harder to reach young, Black men in crisis. Routine encounters with the police, which are facilitated and legitimized by the crime-fighting community, also shape the gender socialization of young men and exacerbate the vulnerability of other neighborhood adolescents to gendered forms of violence, including Black women and girls.
Introduction
Authors: Satran David
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview of the Thanksgiving Address, discussing the history of scholarship of the document and the peculiar problems that confront the reader of the text. Of particular concern in this regard is the highly rhetorical nature of the composition, a feature that has created a pronounced imbalance in research thus far and has prevented a full understanding of the work’s strength and significance. An emphasis is placed on the unappreciated importance of the address for our general understanding of late ancient paideia and especially for higher education in the Platonic philosophical tradition. The contents and major themes of the succeeding chapters are surveyed in brief.
Conclusion
Authors: Gálvez Alyshia
Published: January 2019

In the conclusion, the author “connects the dots,” by linking changing food systems, policies and food ways, and diet-related illness to larger trends in Mexico and the United States: the militarization of security forces at the border and beyond, the drug war, and the widening gap between these two countries that share a long border. The chapter also looks for bright spots: food cultivators, producers and artisans who defy the trends toward industrialization and provide alternative and utopian visions of a different kind of world where health, joy, food and the interpersonal relationships that food preparation and enjoyment produce are not so heavily shaped by transnational food corporations, or even by immigration, health, social, and food policies. An argument is made that in addition to calls to “think globally, and act locally,” responsible citizenship also requires us to see the way that trade policies act globally in our name and raise our voices against policies that promote profits over health, even far from home.
Shadow Economics
Authors: Konove Andrew
Published: January 2019

This chapter moves from an analysis of elite debates over urban renewal to an examination of the quotidian transactions of the Baratillo in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The shadow economy linked baratilleros to some of Mexico’s elite overseas merchants while pitting them against the capital’s artisan guilds and shopkeepers, who saw them as disloyal competition. In reconstructing these relationships, the chapter reveals the centrality of the Baratillo’s commerce to the late-colonial urban economy. It also illustrates the ways that economics and politics intertwined in the market, as vendors pursued multiple strategies to protect their businesses from outside threats.
Conclusion
Authors: Ferme Mariane C.
Published: January 2019

This chapter returns to a theme first advanced in the introduction of the overlap between the West African region affected by the 2014–2016 Ebola crisis and the region affected by the 1991–2002 civil war to argue that the humanitarian intervention followed symmetrical practices of securitization of the national landscape, checkpoints, blockades, and a politics that tended to contain the population in urban households and rural villages. For the global community, the Ebola emergency was the more critical than the war because of the speed with which the disease could circulate beyond original boundaries of transmission. But for Sierra Leonean communities that experienced both realities, the war continues to be remembered as the most horrific and critical experience of emergency in recent decades.
Space, Action, and Images
Authors: Hölscher Tonio
Published: January 2019

The worlds of ancient Greece and Rome are characterized by a high degree of visuality of their social spaces. A theoretical fundament is laid out by the distinction between experienced and conceptual space, in interrelation with human actions. Fundamental is cultural practice, religious rituals, and political activities in interrelation with public architecture and urban spaces. Social life, as it developed in visually marked spaces, is exemplified in a concentric sequence: civic sanctuaries and agorai/fora, city areas and territories, empires, and liminal zones, comparing different concepts between Greece and Rome.