bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Hay Supplementary Intake is Advancing Effect To Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Function of Gansu Alpine Fine Wool Sheep During Cold Season
Authors: Jianlei Jia , Liping Zhang , Wujun Guo , Guangtian Hou , Jianping Wu , SHABUER HAERALI , Qian Chen
Published: September 2021

Bodyweight loss and rumen microbial dysfunction of grazing sheep was a challenge for the sheep production industry during cold season, which were considered to correlated with under-roughage-feeding. The objective of our research was to assess the role of Alfalfa hay supplementary intake in roughage in ewes’ rumen fermentation and microbial function. 120 ewes were allocated randomly into 4 groups, and were fed with different level of alfalfa hay, respectively. Individual ewes’ bodyweight, blood biochemical indexes and rumen microbial characteristics were analyzed after the end of feeding trials. The results showed that alfalfa hay supplementary could significantly enhance sheep body weight, nitrogen components (Total-N, Soluble protein-N and Ammonia-N), blood biochemical indices (LDH, BUN and CHO) and ruminal volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05). Meantime, alfalfa hay supplementary increased the richness and diversity of ruminal fluid microbiota, and decreased ruminal fluid microbiota beta-diversity. The ruminal fluid microbiota of alfalfa hay supplementary feeding showed low immune pathway and high carbohydrate metabolism pathway. Overall, the study suggested that there was an increasing tendency of alfalfa-hay-supplementary group in 30% Yellow Maize Silage + 70% Alfalfa Hay roughage in body weight, ruminal fermentation and microbial function, which improved GS performance through developing hay supplementary system during cold season.
Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm for Data Classification
Authors: Zhang Zhifeng , Zhu Shaolin , Li Tianqi , Li Baohuan
Published: September 2021

With the increasing of the number of dimensions or variables in the search space, the inductive learning of fuzzy rule classifier will be influenced by the generation and optimization of rules. Thus, the extensibility and accuracy of fuzzy systems will be affected. In this paper, the brain storm optimization algorithm was used. A new fuzzy system was designed by modifying the rules definition process in traditional fuzzy system. In the derivation of rules, the exponential model was introduced to improve the traditional brain storming algorithm. On the basis, this new fuzzy system was used for the research on data classification. The experimental results show that this new fuzzy system can improve the accuracy of data classification.
­­­­Exposure Assessment of Methyl Mercury from Consumption of Fish and Seafood in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Izzah , Mahiyuddin Wan Rozita Wan , Azmi Wan Nurul Farah Wan , Azlee Ruzanaz Syafira Ruzman , Shaharudin Rafiza , Sulaiman Lokman Hakim
Published: September 2021

The concentration of meHg in freshwater fish and seafood was investigated, as well as the consumption patterns of fish and seafood by different demographic groups (age, ethnicity, gender). A potential alarm for human-health hazards was also assessed, and the results were compared to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWIs) and the Hazard Quotient parameter (HQ). Results showed that meHg levels of 67 species ranged from 0.013 to 0.252 mg/kg of wet weight (WW) with significant differences between different fish and seafood groups (χ2KW = 49.09; p < 0.001). Median concentrations of meHg in fish and seafood groups in descending orders: demersal fish (0.1006 mg/kg WW) > pelagic fish (0.0686 mg/kg WW) > freshwater fish 0.045 mg/kg WW) > cephalopods (0.0405 mg/kg WW) crustaceans (0.0356 mg/kg WW). Results revealed that older population (> 40 years old) consumed significantly (p = 0.000) more fish compared to younger generations and the elderly consumed the highest amounts of fish (104.0 ± 113.0 g/day). The adolescents (10–17 years old) consumed more than double of amount for both cephalopod and crustacean compared to the older populations (p < 0.05). Malay ethnic (96.1 ± 99.6 g/day) consumed significantly (p = 0.000) higher amounts of fish and seafood compared to other ethnicity, similarly to male subjects (95.2 ± 102 g/day; p = 0.026) when compared to the female (86 ± 96.3 g/day). The estimated weekly intake (EWI) values showed results of below 1.6 µg/kg BW/week, the tolerable levels recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for all different demographic factors except for higher consumers at 75th percentile and above. Consumption of marine fish contributed to higher value of PTWI to all different demographic groups (the estimated weekly intake (EWI) range: 0.2988–0.6893 µg/kg BW/week) but for the adolescents, where from the consumption of crustaceans (0.3488 µg/kg BW/week or 21.8% of PTWI) and cephalopods (0.504 µg/kg BW/week or 31.5% of PTWI). Results from this study also revealed the HQ value for overall consumption of fish and seafood by the adolescents and elderly exceeded one. This was contributed from the consumption of demersal fish and cephalopods, thus indicating the non-acceptable level of non-carcinogenic adverse health effects.
Strain-Tuned Structural, Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Sulfides ZrS2: A First Principles Study1
Authors: Song Qi , Liu Xin , Wang Hui , Wang Xiaoting , Ni Yuxiang , Wang Hongyan
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional semiconductor material zirconium disulfide (ZrS2) monolayer is a new promising material with good prospects for nanoscale applications. Recently, a new zirconium disulfide (ZrS2) monolayer with a space group of 59_Pmmn has been successfully predicted. Using first-principles calculations, this new monolayer ZrS2 structure is obtained with stable indirect band gaps of 0.65 eV and 1.46 eV at the DFT-PBE (HSE06) functional levels, respectively. Strain engineering studies on ZrS2 monolayer show effective band gap modulation. The bandgap shows a linear regularity from narrow to wide under applied stresses (strain ranged from − 6% to + 8%). Young's modulus of elasticity of ZrS2 rectangular cells along the tensile directions (x-axis and y-axis) is 83.63 (N/m) and 63.61 (N/m) with Poisson's ratios of 0.09 and 0.07, respectively. The results of carrier mobility show that the electron mobility along the y-axis can reach 1.32×103 cm2V− 1s− 1. Besides, the order of magnitude of the light absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet spectral region is calculated to reach 2.0×105cm−1 for ZrS2 monolayers. Moreover, by regulating the bandgap under stress, some bandgaps of the stretched energy band exceed the free energy of 1.23 eV and possess a suitable energy band edge position. The results indicates that the new two-dimensional Pmmn-ZrS2 monolayer is a potential material for photovoltaic devices and photocatalytic water decomposition.
Phactr1 Negatively Regulates Bone Mass By Inhibiting Osteogenesis And Promoting Adipogenesis of BMSCs Via RhoA/ROCK2
Authors: Lin Wei , Chen Zhipeng , Mo Xiaoyi , Zhao Shengli , Wen Zhenxing , Cheung Wing Hoi , Fu Dan , Chen Bailing
Published: September 2021

Background: The imbalance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) is involved in the occurrence and development of Osteoporosis (OP). Previous studies have indicated the potential of phosphatase and actin regulatory factor 1 (Phactr1) in regulating osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.The present study aims to investigate The Function and Mechanism of Phactr1 in regulating osteogenic and adipogenic Differentiation of BMSCs.Results: Phactr1 increased in both bone and adipose tissue of OP rats. During osteogenic differentiation , Phactr1 decreased and active RhoA, ROCK2 increased, while overexpression Phactr1 inhibits the increase of Runx2. Phactr1 increased and active RhoA decreased, ROCK2 did not changed during adipogenic differentiation, knockdown Phactr1 inhibits the increase of C/EBPα. Phactr1 and ROCK2 were combined in osteogenic differentiation, but not in adipogenic differentiation. By using KD025, the decrease of Phactr1 and the increase of Runx2 were inhibited respectively in osteogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, when ROCK2 was inhibited, Phactr1,C/EBPα were significantly increased in adipogenic differentiation.Conclusions: These findings indicated that Phactr1 negatively regulates bone mass by inhibiting osteogenesis and promoting adipogenesis of BMSCs by activating RhoA/ROCK2.
Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor Optimized for Color Detection
Authors: Yaseer Ahmad Azuad , Hassan Md. Farhad , Tathfif Infiter , Rashid Kazi Sharmeen , Sagor Rakibul Hasan
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a six cavity-based metal-insulator-metal plasmonic sensor is proposed. The designed sensor can detect six primary colors in the visible wavelength. Moreover, the proposed sensor can also sense the change in the refractive index. An initial sensitivity of 648.41 nm/RIU and figure of merit of (FOM) 141.29 are found based on the transmittance profile extracted through the two-dimensional (2D) finite element method (FEM). The structural parameters are optimized to maximize the performance of the modeled device both as a color filter and a refractive index sensor. The optimized FOM, FOM* and sensitivity are recorded as 218.80, 4.771 × 10⁴, and 865.31 nm/RIU, respectively. Due to high FOM and FOM*, this sensor is expected to be utilized as a color filter in various sectors, such as medical, industrial, and forensic, where the light of a particular wavelength is mandatory.
Imaging Characteristics of Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of The Larynx
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Kuang Pingding , Ding Qiaoling , Wang Zijian , Jiang Biao
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to report the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)characteristics of primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) of the larynx.
Materials and methods

The radiographic examinations of five patients (2 men, 3 women; median age, 68years) with histopathologically proven NHL of the larynx were retrospectively reviewed. CT and MRI images were analyzed qualitatively (Tumor distribution, Local tumor invasion, Tumor appearance, Cervical lymphadenopathy of NHL).
Results

CT and MRI images showed no obvious signs of vascular and laryngeal cartilage invasion. Three cases (1 MALT, 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)) were centered in the supraglottic region involved the glottis (3/3) and subglottic (1/3). Two cases (MALT) were centered in the glottis involved the subglottic. The laryngeal tumors involved the true cords (5 cases), aryepiglottic folds (3 cases), ventricles and false cords (3 cases), anterior commissure (2 cases). On MRI (4 cases), all NHL presenting as homogeneous intermediate T1-weighted, heterogeneous slightly high T2-weighted mass with homogeneous moderate to evident enhancement. The mucosa with more obvious enhancement and smooth surface could be seen. On CT (1 plain and 3 contrast-enhanced), all tumors were homogeneous moderate density, and no necrosis or calcifications were seen. Lymphadenopathy was presented in two patients of DLBCL without necrosis.
Conclusions

On MRI or CT, when the laryngeal mass is located under the mucosa with uniform density or signal intensity, smooth surface, moderate to obvious homogeneous enhancement without cystic, necrosis, calcification and cartilage destruction, the radiologist should consider that it is likely to be NHL, especially when the mass spreads upwards to the oropharynx, nasopharynx and Webster's lymphoid ring. Further studies however are needed to confirm our findings obtained in a limited number of patients.
Effect of Continues Midwifery Support in Labor on the Childbirth Experience and Self-Esteem of Primipara Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Soleimani Nasrin , Refaei Mansoureh , Kazemi Farideh
Published: September 2021

Background: The World Health Organization states that mothers during labor and delivery should be supported by people with whom they feel comfortable, because one of the non-pharmacological methods of relieving labor pain is the continued support of midwives in labor. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the effect of continuous midwifery support in labor on delivery experience and self-esteem of nulliparous women 6 weeks after delivery.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in 2021 on 70 pregnant women admitted to the delivery ward who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups through balanced block randomization with a block size of 4. Participants completed a demographic and midwifery information questionnaire before entering the study. In the intervention group, in addition to routine labor care, the researcher was present at the mother's bedside and was present with the mother continuously throughout the labor and up to 2 hours after delivery and provided the necessary support. The control group received only routine labor and postpartum care. Six weeks after delivery, participants in both groups were contacted to complete the CEQ and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaires. Finally, data were collected and analyzed. Significance level was considered 0.05.Results: By controlling the effect of duration of the first and second stages of labor as potential confounders, the mean (sd) of childbirth experience 6 weeks after delivery was 70.92 (7.07) in the intervention group and 59.69 (7.08) in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). The amount of effect size indicates a very strong effect of the intervention on improving the childbirth experience (Cohen’s d = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.26). Comparison of the mean of maternal self-esteem showed that this rate in the intervention group was 2 scores higher than the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.05). Cohen's d indicates the average effect of intervention on mothers' self-esteem score (Cohen's d = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.06, 1.05).Conclusions: Continuous support of the midwife in labor and up to 2 hours after delivery can lead to a better childbirth experience and increase the mother's self-esteem up to 6 weeks after delivery.Trial registration: IRCT ID: IRCT20201102049233N1, First Registration date: 2021-06-04
Predicting CO2 Trapping Efficiency In Saline Aquifers By Machine Learning System: Implication To Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Vo-Thanh Hung , Lee Kang-Kun
Published: September 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in saline formations has been identified as a practical approach to reducing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. The residual and solubility of CO2 in deep saline aquifers are essential mechanisms to enhance security in storing CO2. In this research, CO2 residual and solubility in saline formations have been predicted by adapting three Machine Learning models called Random Forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGboost), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Consequently, a diversity of the field-scale simulation database including 1509 data samples retrieved from reliable studies, was considered to train and test the proposed models to achieve this task. Graphical and statistical indicators were evaluated and compared the predictive ML model performance. The predicted results denoted that the proposed ML models are ranked from high to low as follows: XGboost>RF>SVR. Additionally, the performance analyses revealed that the XGboost model demonstrates higher accuracy in predicting CO2 trapping efficiency in saline formation than previous ML models. The XGboost model yields very low root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 for both residual and solubility trapping efficiency. At last, the applicable domain of XGboost model was validated, and only 24 suspected data points were recognized from the entire databank.
Single Center First Year Experience And Outcomes With Impella 5.5 Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Rock Joanna Rose , Kos Cynthia A , Lemaire Anthony , Ikegami Hirohisa , Russo Mark J , Moin Danyaal , Dulnuan Kenneth , Iyer Deepa
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe Impella 5.5® was approved by the FDA for use for mechanical circulatory support up to 14 days in late 2019 at limited centers in the United States. Our single center’s experience with Impella 5.5® can expand the overall understanding for achieving successful patient outcomes as well as provide support for the expansion of its FDA-approved use.Methods This study is an IRB-approved single-center retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalized adult patient characteristics and outcomes in cases where the Impella 5.5® was utilized for mechanical circulatory support.Results A total of 26 implanted Impella 5.5® devices were identified in 24 hospitalized patients at our institution from January 2020 to January 2021. The overall survival rate during index hospitalization was 75%. Eleven Impella 5.5® devices were identified in 10 patients with an average device implantation greater than 14 days. Average device implantation for this subgroup was 27 days with a range of 15-80 days. Survival rate for Impella 5.5® use greater than 14 days was 67%. In the entire cohort and subgroup of device implantation >14 days, evidence of end organ damage improved with Impella 5.5® use. Complications in our cohort and subgroup of device implantation >14 days were similar to previously reported complication incidence of axillary inserted LVAD devices. Conclusions Our institution’s experience with the Impella 5.5® has been strongly positive with favorable outcomes and helps to establish the Impella 5.5® as a viable option for mechanical circulatory support beyond 14 days.
Tumor-Immune Partitioning and Clustering (TIPC): an algorithm for identifying tumor-immune cell spatial interaction signatures within the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Nowak Jonathan , Lau Mai Chan , Borowsky Jennifer , Väyrynen Juha , Haruki Koichiro , Zhao Melissa , Costa Andressa Dias , Gu Simeng , Silva Annacarolina Da , Arima Kota , Yeong Joe , Felt Kristen , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Nishihara Reiko , Lennerz Jochen , Fuchs Charles , Wu Catherine , Meyerhardt Jeffrey , Ogino Shuji
Published: September 2021

Growing evidence supports the importance of quantifying tumor-immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment to enable precision cancer therapy. However, most existing methods rely solely upon immune cell density or nearest neighbor-type analyses and fail to fully characterize spatial heterogeneity. Herein, we describe a computational algorithm, termed Tumor-Immune Partitioning and Clustering (TIPC), that jointly measures immune cell partitioning between tumor epithelial and stromal areas and immune cell clustering versus dispersion. As proof of principle, we apply TIPC to two large colorectal cancer cohorts. TIPC identifies tumor subtypes with unique interaction signatures between tumor cells and T cells that harbor prognostic significance and are associated with distinct tumor molecular features. We extend our findings by applying TIPC to additional immune cell types identified using morphology and supervised machine learning. Spatial heterogeneity quantification and novel tumor subtype identification by TIPC may inform precision cancer immunotherapy and deepen our understanding of tumor immunobiology.
Prediction And Potential Detection of Land Subsidence By Integrating AHP And Programming Methods: Case Study of South Eastern Iran
Authors: Pourmorad Saeid , Mohanty Ashutosh , Dash Sushree Sangita , Das Ajoy , Moein Zeinab
Published: September 2021

One of the biggest risks that need to be considered before any construction operation such as road construction or construction is to determine the exact location of subsidence and predict the places with the potential to cause these complications.There are various methods for identifying and predicting the occurrence of these phenomena. In this article, hierarchical analysis methods (AHP and FAHP) and programming in MATLAB environment with the help of Evalfis function to study and map these hazards in the southwest of Iran has acted as a case study.Studies of lithological layers, slope, distance from fault and distance from waterway in both methods express very good and significant results in predicting this type of hazards.According to these results, the most hazards occur in places that have evaporitic lithology and have the shortest distance from waterways and faults with a slope between 20 to 70 degrees.The output of these studies is to provide a map of subsidence (sinkhole) hazards for the first time by integrating the stated methods with operational accuracy above 90% and introducing a very useful software in MATLAB program for experts.
Effects of Partial Saturation on Nitrogen Removal and Bacterial Community in Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands
Authors: kraiem Khadija , Kallali Hamadi , Ammeri Rim Werheni , Bessadok salma , Jedidi Naceur
Published: September 2021

The laboratory-scale pilot of constructed wetlands has been in operation for six months; (1) an unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetland (UVF-CW), this system was used to represent the classic vertical constructed wetlands, (2) a saturated vertical flow constructed wetland (SVF-CW), to evaluate the effects of the saturated condition on nitrogen removal and composition of the microbial community. The results showed that the saturation condition positiveley influenced the removal efficiencies of the nitrogen,, the aeverage removal rate of the total kjeldahl nitrogen increased from 56% in unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetland (UVF-CW) to 63% in saturated vertical flow constructed wetland ( SVF-CW). In addition, the microbial communities also was affected by the saturation condition, the relative abundances of nitrifying bacterium in UVF-CW are 13.8% (Nitrosomonas), 7.2% (Nitrosospira), 18.1% (Nitrospira) and 15.3% (Nitrobacter). In contrast, in SVF-CW, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrospira and Nitrobacter only accounted for 6.8%, 5.6%, 7.4% and 10.6% respectively. However, the saturation condition seemed to increase denitrifying bacterium more than three times, in unsaturated vertical flow constructed wetland, only Pseudomonas (6.5%) and Paracoccus (4.85%) were detected, but in saturated vertical flow constructed wetland (SVF-CW), the abundance of Pseudomonas (13.08%) and Paracoccus (9.74%) were increased, and three other groups of denitrifying bacteria were also detected as Zoogloea (3.32%), Thauera (5.41%) and Thiobacillus (3).
Singular Nonlinear Equation Class : Theoretical and Experimental Concept
Authors: Nguetcho Aurélien Serge Tchakoutio
Published: September 2021

This work generalizes and extends our work in refs [10,29,37], dealing a theoretical model of a monoatomic chain immersed in a potential of periodic and deformable substrate, the third and fourth non-linearities being taken into account. Looking at the analytical localized modes provides an extended interpretation of system dynamics based upon modes existence and yields an extended form of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation to describe the eikonal wave's complex amplitude. In this equation, the coeffcients depend on the wavenumber, whereas the parallel with the nonlinear transmission electrical line introduced in references results in [1,2] not fully resolved dynamic equations. So far, only specific solutions have been presented. Our dynamic study thus presents a theoretical prediction for their experimental set up. In contrast to previous works done for particular values of the wavenumber, namely on the behavior of gap (k = 0 and k = π) solutions of the model [10], or for k (k = ±2π=3) in the central bandpass area [37], we consider here rather behaviors of the system when the angular frequency is arbitrary. By using bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems and investigating the dynamical behavior, we derive a variety of solutions corresponding to the phase trajectories under different parameter conditions.
RNASeq Analysis of a Pax3-Expressing Myoblast Clone in-Vitro and Effect of Culture Surface Stiffness on Differentiation
Authors: Richardson Louise , Wang Dapeng , Hughes Ruth , Johnson Colin A , Peckham Michelle
Published: September 2021

Skeletal muscle satellite cells cultured on soft surfaces (12kPa) show improved differentiation than cells cultured on stiff surfaces (approximately 100kPa). To better understand the reasons for this, we performed an RNASeq analysis for a single satellite cell clone (C1F) derived from the H2kb-tsA58 immortomouse, which differentiates into myotubes under tightly regulated conditions (withdrawal of ɣ-interferon, 37°C). As expected, the largest change in overall gene expression occurred at day 1, as cells switch from proliferation to differentiation. Surprisingly, further analysis showed that proliferating C1F cells express Pax3 and not Pax7, confirmed by immunostaining, yet their subsequent differentiation into myotubes is normal, and enhanced on softer surfaces, as evidenced by significantly higher expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, sarcomeric genes, enhanced fusion and improved myofibrillogenesis. Levels of RNA encoding extracellular matrix structural constituents and related genes were consistently upregulated on hard surfaces, suggesting that a consequence of differentiating satellite cells on hard surfaces is that they attempt to manipulate their niche prior to differentiating. This comprehensive RNASeq dataset will be a useful resource for understanding Pax3 expressing cells.
Manipulating Stress Receptor Signaling to Enhance Immunosuppression and Prolong Survival of Vascularized Composite Tissue
Authors: Kim Minhyung , Fisher Daniel , Bogner Paul , Sharma Umesh , Skitzki Joseph , Repasky Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation (VCA) can replace severely damaged body parts but the unavoidable toxicity of high doses of immunosuppressive drugs, such as tacrolimus, required results in significant morbidity. Here we tested whether we could suppress immune activity in a mouse model of VCA by mimicking the natural immune suppression generated by nervous system-induced signaling of adrenergic receptors (AR) by using a safe and well-studied β-AR agonist (terbutaline). Using wild-type and β2-AR-knockout (KO) mice, we found that increased β2-AR signaling results in delayed rejection in VCA recipients, even with subtherapeutic doses of tacrolimus, and this was associated with changes in immune contexture, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and function of endothelial adhesion molecules. We propose that β-AR agonists can be used safely to mimic the natural suppression of immune responses generated by adrenergic stress signaling and thereby reduce the dose needed of other more toxic immunosuppressive drugs.
Resilience to Early Family Risk Moderates Daily Stress and Affect on Cortisol Diurnal Slope associations: A 14-Day Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Tung Natasha Yan Chi , Yap Yang , Bei Bei , Luecken Linda , Wiley Joshua
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis study examined whether resilience capacity moderates the impact of daily perceived stress and affect on cortisol diurnal slope among relocated emerging adults. MethodsRelocated undergraduates (N=98; aged 18-25 years) were recruited from three groups: Resilient, Vulnerable, and Control. Mixed-effects models were used to test the unique effects of perceived stress, negative affect, and positive affect x group interactions on diurnal cortisol slope across 14 consecutive days.ResultsThe Resilient group did not moderate the associations between daily stress or affect on cortisol diurnal slope. Instead, both the Resilient and Vulnerable groups with early family risk, showed a steeper diurnal slope unique to higher stress and a flatter slope unique to higher NA.ConclusionsResults suggest that an adverse early family life was significantly associated with altered cortisol diurnal slope outcomes to stress (i.e., demand) and negative affect (i.e., distress). These associations were not attenuated by current resilience capacity.
Pretreatment of Natural Lignocellulose With Inorganic Salts Improves Ligninase Production Fermented By Aspergillus Fumigatus
Authors: Zhou Zijing , Guo Gaijuan , Li Jinda , Yan Hong , Li Fen
Published: September 2021

This work screened out the optimal conditions for pretreatment of natural lignocellulose with inorganic salts and provided a simple, easy-to-operate, low-cost, clean and efficient pretreatment method for the efficient degradation of natural lignocellulose by strains. The results showed that the optimal pretreatment inorganic salt was FeCl2 with a concentration of 11%, pretreatment at 60°C for 48 h, and the solid-liquid ratio was 1:11 (g/mL). According to the characterization results, after pretreatment of FeCl2 solution, the smooth and dense structure of natural lignocellulose surface became rough and irregular, and surface fiber bundles showed spalling and fracture. Subsequently, the enzymes produced by solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus fumigatus were easier to enter the interior, which increased the contact area between materials and enzymes, and increased the amount of enzymatic loads, thereby improving the biodegradation effect.
Skin Oncoplasties: Is Z-Plasty A Technique of Choice In Situation of Limited Resources? Case of Burkina Faso.
Authors: ZONGO Nayi , Ouédraogo NL Marie , Mamadou Windsouri , Yameogo Laure SC , CHABI Thierry R. KOUCHIKA , Niamba Pascal , Traoré Adama
Published: September 2021

Background: In developing countries, the long delays in consultation lead to a delay in diagnosis and management of the skin tumours. The lesions are often large and brings the problem of skin coverage after their resections. Several reconstruction techniques allow skin coverage. The objective of this study is to describe the place of Z-plasty in the surgical treatment of skin cancers in Ouagadougou.Patients and methods: It was a two-centre, retrospective, descriptive study on Z-plasty in skin cancers. It included patients who underwent surgery between January 1st, 2013 and March 30th, 2021 in Ouagadougou. Scar quality and healing time in Z-plasty were compared with those of secondary healing. Results: In 8 years and 3 months, 171 skin cancers were identified. The mean time to consultation was 13.6 months. The average size of the tumours was 9 cm. A Z-plasty was performed in 42 cases, being 58.3% of the patients operated on. The average healing time was 15 days. It was four and a half times shorter in Z-plasty than in secondary healing. Ischaemic necrosis of the Z-corner was noted in 7 cases. The recurrence rate in Z-plasty and secondary healing was 7.1% and 9.1% respectively. Hypertrophic or keloidal scars were noticed in 7 cases and hypochromia in 2 cases.Conclusion: Z-plasty is a technique of choice for skin coverage after large resections in surgical oncology. It reduces the healing time and the cost of postoperative care without increasing the risk of tumour recurrence.
Overview of Some Factors Affecting The Durability And Efficacy of LLINs Used By The Communities In South Region of Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: AKONO Patrick NTONGA , Mbongue Serge , Hondt Odette Ngo , Takap Francis Noel Nopowo , Ngaha Rachel , Tekapi Williefred Dongmo , Ambeme Parfait Awono , Nkondjio Antonio , Ngoa Laurent Serges Etoundi
Published: September 2021

Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are widely used in sub-Saharan Africa to control the transmission of malaria parasites by Anopheles mosquitoes. However, their operational lifespan depends on numerous factors that are often not considered. This paper investigates on some of these factors likely associated with the rapid breakdown of LLINs efficacy in urban and rural locations of the seaport city of Kribi, South Region of Cameroon.Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted in June 2019 included: (i) a household survey using standard questionnaire for brands of LLINs used, their maintenance, and coverage rates in study communities, (ii) assessment of the physical integrity of nets, and (iii) WHO cone bioassays to check the residual efficacy of the nets against wild strains and susceptible reference laboratory strains of Anopheles gambiae s. l. species.Results: A total of 540 households were surveyed, 235 in urban Kribi and 305 in rural Kribi. The overall net coverage rate per sleeping space was 68.82%, irrespectively with a similar trend between rural Kribi (68.98%) and urban Kribi (68.62%) (p = 0.929). Of the 1,211 LLINs counted, 64.73% were Interceptor®, 25.44% were PermaNet®, 4.68% were Olyset Net ; the remainder (05.13%) belonged to Yorkool®, Royal Sentry®, Netto®, Super Net® and Panda Net®. Proportional hole index analysis showed that Permanet 2.0 nets (1435±117.462) were more degraded than other brands after more than 36 months of use in rural Kribi, whereas Yorkool nets (2004±328.833) were more degraded in urban Kribi. Polyethylene fibers were not significantly more degraded than polyester fibers. The bio efficacy tests showed that LLINs washed more than 20 times induced mortality from 21.6% to 99.6% for the Kisumu strain and from 0.8% to 76.50% for the wild strain. LLINs washed with Marseille soap retained their lethal properties significantly more than LLINs washed with corrosive detergents (p=0.000). Similarly, LLINs spread in the shade retained their lethal properties more than those spread in the sun.Conclusion: Corrosive detergents and sunlight are factors that negate the toxic effect of insecticide impregnation of LLINs. Awareness campaigns are needed to encourage people to adopt good LLIN care practices.
Environmentally Persistent Free Radical Promotes Lung Cancer Progression Via Regulating The Expression Profile of miRNAs
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Chai Binshu , Wang Xianyi , Wu Zong , Zou Heng , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Xing , Zheng Saijing , Qian Guangren , Ma Zhongliang , Lu Jie
Published: September 2021

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are generated in the combustion processes of solid waste and can cause adverse influences on human health, especially lung diseases. Lung cancer is one of the most serious malignancies in recent years, which the global deaths rate is about 1.6 million every year. However, the mechanism of EPFRs on lung cancer is still not clear. In this study, we verified that ZnO/MCB EPFRs promote cell proliferation and migration, impedes cell apoptosis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we found that ZnO/MCB could influence the expression of miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-34a). In vivo, ZnO/MCB and ZnO EPFRs can reduce the weight and survival rate of BALB/c male mice more than that of BALB/c female mice. In the ZnO/MCB exposed group, male mice lung became even smaller, while the female mice the lung increased significantly. Taken together, our results provide evidence for assessing the potential health risks of persistent free radicals on fine particles. In conclusion, this study linked toxicity of EPFRs with miRNAs revealed the potential health hazard to human lung cancer.
Classifying and Characterizing the Development of Self-Reported Quality of Life Among the Chinese Elderly: A Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huang Xitong , Zhang Minqiang , Fang Junyan , Zeng Qing , Wang Jinqing , Li Jia
Published: September 2021

Background

To promote healthy aging, the information about the development of quality of life (QoL) is of great importance for health researchers and policymakers. Up to now, the longitudinal explorations of the heterogeneity in the change of QoL under the Chinese context were largely limited. The current study aimed to identify potential different development patterns of QoL and the influential factors using a large, longitudinal, and nationally representative sample of the Chinese elderly.
Methods

We adopted a five-wave longitudinal dataset from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and a total of 1,645 elderly aged 65 and over were obtained. QoL was measured using a self-report item during the longitudinal process. We utilized the conditional growth mixture model (GMM) with time-invariant covariates to explore various development patterns and associated factors.
Results

Three subgroups with distinct trajectories of self-reported QoL were identified: the High-level Steady Group (17.08%), the Mid-level Steady Group (63.10%), and the Low-level Growth Group (19.82%). Results also indicated that several factors predicted distinct trajectories of self-reported QoL. Those elderly who received enough financial resources, had adequate nutrition, did not exhibit any disability, engaged in leisure activities, and did less physical labor or housework at the baseline were more likely to report a higher level of QoL over time.
Conclusions

There existed three development patterns of self-reported QoL among the Chinese elderly, and these subgroups differed in several baseline factors. These findings provided valuable implications for the maintenance and improvement of QoL among the Chinese elderly.
Ti/TiO2/SiO2 Multilayer Thin Films With Enhanced Spectral Selectivity For Optical Applications
Authors: Mhin Sungwook , Lee Junho , Ko Deahyeon , Park Kyoung Ryeol , Kim Dongwon , Forrester Jennifer , Kim Jong Cheol , Kim Dongju
Published: September 2021

Thin film-based optical sensors have been attracting increasing interest for use in developing technologies such as biometrics. Multilayered dielectric thin films with different refractive indices have been utilized to modulate the optical properties in specific wavelength bands for spectral selectivity of Thin Film Narrow Bandpass Filters (TFNBFs). Progress in TFNBF design has been made with the incorporation of metallic thin films. Narrower bandwidths with higher transmittance have been achieved in specific spectral bands. In this work, Ti/TiO2/SiO2 based multilayer thin films were prepared using pulsed-DC reactive sputtering. Computer simulations using the Essential Macleod Program allowed the optimal number of layers and thickness of the multilayer thin films to be determined to efficiently tailor the optical path transmitting specific wavelength bands. The addition of Ti metal layers within dielectric (TiO2/SiO2) multilayer thin films significantly changes the cutoff frequency of transmittance at specific wavelengths. Representative 26 multilayer films consisting of Ti, TiO2, and SiO2 show lower transmittance of 10.29 % at 400 nm and 10.48 % at 680 nm. High transmittance of 80.42 % at 485 nm was observed, which is expected to improve the spectral selectivity of the TFNBF. This work provides a contribution to future simulation based design strategy based on experimental thin film engineering for potential industrial development opportunities such as optical biometrics.
Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Function Disturbance can be Followed by β-amyloid Accumulation
Authors: Suzuki Yuji , Nakamura Yukimi , Igarashi Hironaka
Published: September 2021

Background: Elucidation of the mechanism of β-amyloid accumulation plays an important role in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To elucidate the relationship between the function of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and the production and clearance of β-amyloid, we analyzed the changes in interstitial water flow into the CSF space from the cortex and β-amyloid accumulation in the cortex by using both [15O]H2O and [18F]flutemetamol PET over a 2-year follow-up period. Methods: Twenty-five normal older adult volunteers (13 males and 12 females, 60–81 years old) participated in this 2-year follow-up PET study. Water dynamics were analyzed using two indices in [15O]H2O PET, the influx ratio (IR) and drain rate (DR), and β-amyloid accumulation was assessed qualitatively by [18F]flutemetamol PET. Results: [15O]H2O PET examinations conducted initially and after 2 years showed no significant changes in both indices over the 2-year period (IR: 1.03 ± 0.21 and 1.02 ± 0.20, DR: 1.74 ± 0.43 and 1.67 ± 0.47, respectively). In [18F]flutemetamol PET, on the other hand, one of the 25 participants showed positive results and two showed positive changes after 2 years. In these three participants, the two indices of water dynamics showed low values at both periods (IR: 0.60 ± 0.15 and 0.60 ± 0.13, DR: 1.24 ± 0.12 and 1.11 ± 0.10). Conclusions: Our results indicated that BCSFB function disturbances could be followed by β-amyloid accumulation, because the reduced interstitial flow preceded amyloid accumulation in the positive-change subjects, and amyloid accumulation was not observed in the older adults with sufficiently high values for the two indices. In other words, adequate interstitial flow can potentially prevent amyloid accumulation. The current study confirms that disturbances in the proper clearance of β-amyloid by interstitial flow through the Virchow–Robin spaces into the CSF can play a significant role in senile plaque formation and ultimately the pathogenesis of AD. We believe that further elucidation of interstitial water flow will be the key to developing therapeutic strategies for AD, especially with regard to prevention.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000011939. Registered 1November 2013 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm
Characterization of MATE Gene Family And Its Role In Drought, Heat, And Salt Tolerance In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Amoah Joseph Noble , Seo Yong Weon
Published: September 2021

To explore the response of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins to drought, heat, and salt stress in wheat, a genome-wide identification and expression study was performed. 20 MATE genes located on 4 of the 12 chromosomes were identified and categorized into four (I-1V) subfamilies, based on phylogenetic analysis. Wheat MATE family expansion was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem events. In the same subfamily, gene exon-intron structures and motif composition are more similar. TaMATE genes had cis-acting elements that were implicated in stress and defense response. Tae-miR5175e was identified as the highly expressed miRNA that targets TaMATEs by miRNA prediction. When compared to controls, the relative expression patterns of seven TaMATE genes were substantially elevated during drought stress. TaMATE2, 10, 13, and 14 expression levels considerably elevated after 15 days (d) of heat stress, whereas TaMATE2, 14, 18, and 20 expression levels were highly upregulated following 15 d of salt stress treatment, indicating the crucial role of TaMATEs under these abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, drought, heat, and salt stress decreased wheat water content, but increased malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and proline content, whereas the expression of the 7 putative MATE genes was correlated with physio-biochemical indicators of these stress conditions. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexities of MATEs and present a theoretical base for future MATE gene discovery and application in wheat and other crop species.
Liquid-film Motor: Physical Mechanism
Authors: Najafi Ali , Shirsavar Reza
Published: September 2021

A liquid film that is under the action of two electric forces, an external electric field parallel to the film and a lateral voltage difference applied to both edges of the film, exhibits a universal rotational flow. In this article, we revisit this phenomena by considering an idealized so-called liquid-film motor and provide a theoretical description of the underlying physical mechanism that is responsible for the rotation. In this theory, the external electric filed induces a non-uniform distribution of free charges on the film then the internal field, resulted mainly from the voltage difference, will exert forces on these charges and subsequently induce a rotational flow in the ambient fluid. We show, how the fields contribute in developing a universal flow pattern.
Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Prognosis in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients with Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: shi xianmao , Sun Xing , Qin Xin , Su Ze , Fang Zhaoshan , Xiao Yi , Zhang Zhi
Published: September 2021

Background. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the common metastatic sites of in advanced-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and the prognosis of ICC patients with LNM is worse than patients without it. Our study aimed to identify the prognostic factors of ICC patients with LNM, and develop an effective nomogram to quantify the prognosis of ICC patients with LNM.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the data of ICC patients between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to determine the independent predictors for LNM in patients with ICC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the independent prognostic factors for ICC patients with LNM. Finally, two nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were established, and the nomogram of predicting OS was evaluated by calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results. A total of 1539 patients with ICC were enrolled into our analysis, including 381 cases (24.76%) with LNM at initial diagnosis and 1158 cases (75.24%) without it. The independent risk factors for LNM in newly diagnosed ICC patients are age, T stage, and tumor size. The independent prognostic factors for ICC patients with LNM are grade, chemotherapy, and surgery of primary site. For the prognostic nomogram for OS, the AUCs of 6-, 12-, and 24-months were 0.809, 0.780, and 0.755 in the training set and 0.806, 0.780, and 0.753 in the testing set, respectively. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis indicated the good performance of the nomogram.Conclusions. The individualized nomogram could predict OS of ICC patients with LNM with good performance, which could be served as an effective tool for prognostic evaluation and individual treatment strategies optimization in ICC patients with LNM, and clinical utility may benefit for clinical decision-making.
Reliability and Durability Enhancement of Large-area Mullite-cordierite Composite Substrates for Semiconductor Probe Card
Authors: Hyun Da-Eun , Jeon Jwa-Bin , Choi Yeon-Ji , Lee Yeon-Sook , Kim Yong-Nam , Kim Minkyung , Ko Seunghoon , Koo Sang-Mo , Shin Weon Ho , Park Chulhwan , Lee Dong-Won , Oh Jong-Min
Published: September 2021

Spherical mullite (M)-cordierite (C) composite granules were prepared by spray drying the fine starting powders obtained from attrition milling to produce sintered mullite-cordierite composite pellets with a dense structure. The effects of attrition milling on the morphology, size and size distribution of the formed composite granules were investigated. The results showed that the milled starting powders formed the spherical granules with homogeneous size distribution. The composition ratio (M:C = 100:0, M:C = 90:10, M:C = 70:30, M:C = 50:50, M:C = 30:70, M:C = 0:100) and sintering temperature (1300–1450℃) were optimized to fabricate the sintered mullite-cordierite composite pellets with low thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) and excellent mechanical properties. Samples of 70 wt% mullite-30 wt% cordierite sintered at 1350℃ exhibited excellent bulk density, porosity, TEC, and flexural strength. Based on these results, a large-area mullite-cordierite composite substrate was fabricated for application in semiconductor probe card. The changes in sheet resistance and flexural strength were measured to study the influence of the environmental tests, including high temperature storage test, damp heat test, and thermal shock test, on the large-area substrate. A low rate of change in sheet resistance and flexural strength was observed. After the environmental tests, the sheet resistance and flexural strength were confirmed to be within 10% of their values prior to the tests. These results show that the fabricated mullite-cordierite composite exhibits high reliability and durability and is a suitable for semiconductor probe cards.