bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The five axes of COVID-19 treatment: attacking the disease from several angles.
Authors: Martínez-Daniel Ricardo , Flores-Hernández Jorge Rafael , Farfán-Lazos Karla Cecilia , Tobón-Cubillos Miranda , Montaño-Olmos Daniela , Méndez-Coca Juan Daniel , Peón Alberto N.
Published: April 2021

The emergency situation of the COVID-19 pandemics requires immediate action. As happens with emerging pathogens, there are no specific treatments for this threat, so that the most logical answer in order to find safe and effective candidates seems to be drug repurposing. The main efforts in finding a specific treatment for this disease have been directed to finding antiviral agents, nonetheless, COVID-19 also involves lung and systemic inflammation, coupled with ineffective immunity; bacterial and fungal coinfections; respiratory dysfunction; and coagulopathy. These additional pathophysiologic axes also require a set of treatments, and in this review we will analyze such adjunctive therapies.
Gamificando a Metodologia de Ensino da Matemática de Singapura no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Afonso Germano Bruno , Holetz Melissa Samanta
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desse projeto é desenvolver um jogo para trabalhar operações matemáticas básicas e frações no Ensino Fundamental que possa ser aplicado nas escolas brasileiras usando o que foi estudado sobre a Metodologia de resolução de problemas e as ferramentas didáticas utilizadas no ensino da Matemática de Singapura. Para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho foram realizadas as seguintes atividades: levantamento de material bibliográfico baseado na análise de uma sequência de atividades selecionadas de uma coleção de livros didáticos de Singapura; investigação de uma gamificação dessa metodologia através da resolução de problemas; experimentação dessa estratégia; observação e aplicação de questionários e análise dos mesmos. Após criação e aplicação do jogo, observou-se que essa metodologia facilita o entendimento dos problemas pelos alunos, por meio do uso contínuo de desenhos, esquemas e ferramentas.
Análisis y Clasificación de Errores Cometidos por Alumnos de Cálculo Diferencial en Relación al Concepto de Derivada
Authors: Andres David Pinto Hurtado
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación de pregrado, cuyo objetivo es analizar y clasificar los errores cometidos por alumnos de Cálculo Diferencial, de una universidad pública colombiana, al resolver preguntas en relación al concepto de la derivada. Este trabajo es de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, en el marco de la teoría de errores de Rico (1995) y las categorías de respuestas de López (2005) y categorías de errores propuesta por Radatz (1979). Como instrumento de investigación, fui utilizado una prueba aplicada a 23 alumnos sobre contenidos relacionados a los procesos de derivación y aplicaciones de la derivada. A partir del instrumento fueron analizadas y clasificadas 207 respuestas. Con base en los resultados, fue posible reconocer y detectar algunas causas de los errores al trabajar con el concepto de la derivada. Se encontró que gran parte de los errores fueron cometidos por deficiencias o vacíos conceptuales de los alumnos con respecto a conocimientos matemáticos propios de los niveles de educación media. El análisis de los errores, en una perspectiva que combine lo cuantitativo y lo cualitativo, podría ser utilizado como una valiosa herramienta de diagnóstico e intervención en la Educación Superior.
Atividades de Prática como Componente Curricular na Licenciatura em Matemática na Perspectiva de Professores Formadores e Professores Iniciantes na Educação Básica
Authors: Antunes Barbosa Lucas Diego , Lutaif Bianchini Barbara
Published: April 2021

Este artigo teve o objetivo de investigar quais atividades de Prática como Componente Curricular são vivenciadas por professores formadores e professores iniciantes na sua trajetória acadêmica e/ou profissional. O referencial teórico que nos embasou tem como foco uma conceitualização da palavra prática, que está inserida em aplicação da teoria, experiências ou atividade. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 professores: nove formadores de três Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia e três professores iniciantes, egressos da licenciatura em Matemática destas instituições. Para a análise dos dados produzidos nas entrevistas utilizamos os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, pré-análise, exploração do material e inferência. Os entrevistados vivenciaram a Prática como Componente Curricular a partir de atividades que poderiam ser desenvolvidas a partir da simulação de aulas, discussões sobre avaliação e  métodos de pesquisa, resolução de problemas, análise de erros, leitura de textos de Educação Matemática, elaboração de material didático, observação em sala de aula, elaboração de atividades para escolas da educação básica, discussão de metodologias de ensino e regência de aulas em escolas da educação básica, acompanhado de um tutor. Nas conclusões, ressaltamos que que a Prática como Componente Curricular precisa ser desenvolvida em todas as disciplinas dos cursos de formação inicial de professores, por meio de atividades que tenha o foco na teoria e na prática.

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Área do Círculo em Livros Didáticos do Ensino Fundamental: um Olhar a partir das Apreensões Figurais
Authors: Arcego Priscila , Kiefer Juliana Gabriele , Mariani Rita de Cássia Pistóia
Published: April 2021

Neste trabalho objetiva-se investigar se propostas de atividades permitem mobilizar apreensões figurais - perceptiva, sequencial, discursiva e operatória – e suas respectivas modificações no estudo da área do círculo quando são analisadas duas coleções de livros didáticos selecionadas por uma Escola Municipal de Erechim/RS, no ano letivo de 2016, ao longo de todo Ensino Fundamental, ou seja, uma coleção referente aos Anos Iniciais e outra aos Anos Finais. Para tanto, fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos dos registros de representação semiótica e caracteriza-se em uma pesquisa qualitativa que considera princípios da análise de conteúdo. Dentre as atividades categorizadas, cerca de 90% permitem mobilizar a apreensão perceptiva, e em aproximadamente 25% delas a apreensão operatória, com ênfase na modificação mereológica. A apreensão sequencial foi evidenciada em apenas 2,61% das questões, enquanto que a discursiva, em menos de 1% das atividades.
A Construção de Subjetividades Profissionais na Formação Inicial de Professores de Matemática(s): Afirmando Posições Decoloniais contra Discursos de Subalternização da Profissão Docente
Authors: Giraldo Victor , Matos Diego , Quintaneiro Wellerson
Published: April 2021

Este artigo discute desdobramentos de uma pesquisa de doutorado, tendo como objetivo investigar a construção de subjetividades sobre a profissão docente durante a formação inicial de professores de matemática(s), em diálogo com a proposição de uma releitura decolonial da literatura sobre formação de professores. A produção de dados empíricos foi realizada com estudantes da licenciatura em matemática de uma universidade pública federal do Rio de Janeiro, a partir de narrativas sobre suas experiências com matemática(s) na escola e na licenciatura e de grupos focais que promoveram uma discussão sobre as experiências relatadas. Os dados indicam um discurso que constrói subjetividades profissionais docentes no âmbito da colonialidade. A conscientização dos participantes sobre esse discurso viabilizou a consolidação de posições de insurgência contra sua naturalização na futura prática docente, apontando caminhos para a produção de subjetividades não subalternizadas.
Estratégias e Conjecturas Usadas por um Grupo de Professores dos Anos Iniciais em Atividades Exploratório-Investigativas de Álgebra
Authors: Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp , Giongo Ieda Maria , Quartieri Marli Teresinha , Da Silva Sabrina Crisostomo , Nervis Daniele , Graff Camila Bassegio
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho é oriundo dos resultados parciais da pesquisa “Ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação em Matemática nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: atividades exploratório–investigativas e formação docente”, desenvolvida em uma Universidade localizada no Sul do Brasil. Especificamente, a análise da atividade elencada neste relato é procedente de uma formação continuada de professores, realizada na cidade com a qual o grupo de pesquisadores estabeleceu parceria. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar as estratégias utilizadas pelos docentes dos Anos Iniciais, ao elaborarem as tarefas propostas à luz da tendência Investigação Matemática, contemplando o conteúdo de Álgebra. A coleta de dados está embasada nas transcrições dos gravadores dispostos nos grupos durante a realização da atividade, além de fotos, imagens e anotações dos pesquisadores vinculados. Os resultados apontam que os docentes expressaram distintas conjecturas para a questão proposta, mas as estratégias tinham semelhanças entre si.
Crop damage by wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) depending on the crop composition in Central-Eastern Poland
Authors: Piekarczyk Paweł , Tajchman Katarzyna , Belova Olgirda , Wójcik Maciej
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to analyse the damage caused by wild boar Sus scrofa to crop fields located in the central-eastern Poland in relation with the crop composition. A significant increase in the grassland area and in the area under cultivation of total cereals, vegetables, fruit, and root crops (p ≤ 0.05) was revealed on the study area. The volume of damage caused to legumes, industrial plants, vegetables, and fruit increased simultaneously with the increase in the surface area under these plant groups (p ≤ 0.05). The compensation payment has markedly positively correlated with the damaged area of grassland, cereals, maize, root crops, legumes and an increase in the total damage (p ≤ 0.05). The number of compensations has a significant effect on the number of wild boars harvested on the studied areas (p ≤ 0.05). The number of wild boars and the number of harvested wild boars were strongly negatively correlated with the area of maize cultivation (p ≤ 0.05). The level of wild boar hunting increased markedly simultaneously with the increase in the damage caused by these animals (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, it was shown that the number of harvested wild boars increased considerably with the increase in the number of wild boars on the study area (p ≤ 0.05). The level of damage to cereals, maize, and industrial plants decreased significantly with an increase in the total area and forest area in the study territory (p ≤ 0.05). Keywords: Sus scrofa, impact on crops, damage, recommendations
Significance of changes in general clinical analysis of blood and thyroid status in people with neoplasm of the thyroid gland
Authors: Polion M. Y. , Hladkykh N. О. , Zalyubovska O. I. , Hrytsenko P. O.
Published: April 2021

Background. One of the major challenges of modern medicine is prevention and early detection of diseases, especially malignant tumors, since the stage does influence the prognosis and treatment costs. Thyroid involvement is currently one of the leading endocrine disorders in terms of overall morbidity and prevalence in the world. Thyroid cancer is one of the localizations, which being timely detected and properly treated, has a favorable prognosis, when 20–30-year survival rate exceeds 90 %. Therefore, the search for simple, minimally invasive, but highly informative techniques for optimizing the algorithms for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and monitoring of this disease remains a priority.

Purpose – to determine and substantiate the diagnostic value of comprehensive assessment of the thyroid status and full blood count values in patients with thyroid nodules.

Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with thyroid nodules, which according to ultrasonography (US) of the thyroid were classified as TR-4 category of thyroid nodules, TIRADS scale (4–6 points, suspected malignant thyroid changes). The examination included the following: questionnaire, ultrasound examination with fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy, cytological examination, counting the thyroid hormone concentration, full blood count. The study was carried out at the premises of State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”.

Results. Assessment of thyroid status of patients with thyroid nodules showed a significant correlation between the severity of thyroid malignancy and TSH levels (according to Kruskal – Wallis test, H = 7.30, p < 0.05), FT4 (H = 17.64, p < 0.001) and FT3 (H = 12.41, p < 0.01). Patients of Group I with benign thyroid process showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total hemoglobin along with significantly frequent (p < 0.05) microcytic anemia. According to the studies, Group II had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total platelet count and plateletcrit, as well as an increased average platelet volume and the percentage of large platelets compared to Group I. The blood values in malignant thyroid process (Group III) are characterized by increased levels of leukocytes and the proportion of eosinophils and basophils in the leukocyte formula compared to Group II (p < 0.05).

Conclusions. The outcomes of comprehensive assessment of thyroid status and full blood count values in patients with thyroid nodules can be used in preoperative diagnosis as a differential prognostic tool to assess their malignant potential.
Applicability of sonoelastography in leiomyoma and adenomyosis
Authors: Sharmazanova О. P. , Safonova I. N. , Mityakova Y. S.
Published: April 2021

Background. Uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis are common gynecological diseases of women in childbearing potential. This fact necessitates developing an optimal protocol for examination of patients in order to implement an individual approach to treatment. Diagnosis of mixed forms of pathological myometrium conditions causes some difficulties. Elastography technique makes it possible to assess the density of the myometrium, which may be essential for differentiating the diagnosis of leiomyoma and adenomyosis in mixed forms.

Рurpose – to ascertain the potential of transvaginal ultrasound along with compression sonoelastography to determine the deformation coefficient in differential diagnosis of various pathological myometrium conditions.

Materials and methods. The paper presents the analysis of elastographic findings of the uterus in 155 women obtained via compression sonoelastography performed by means of HITACHI AVIUS device. Patients were divided into 4 groups: control, women with uterine leiomyoma, uterine adenomyosis, with combined leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The transabdominal/ transvaginal ultrasound findings were confirmed by histopathological examination. The standard point scale was used to determine the deformation coefficient.

Results. Elastographic characteristics were assessed in accordance with sonoelastography findings, i. e. deformation coefficients common in leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The maximum values of the deformation coefficient were obtained in leiomyoma (in an amount of 2 to 6.0 units). In case of diffuse or focal adenomyosis, the deformation coefficient was in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 units indicating high myometrial elasticity vs the unchanged myometrium. For its part, in Group I (control), the deformation coefficient ranged from 1 to 1.7 units. High myometrial elasticity in adenomyosis vs the unchanged myometrium as well low elasticity or high density of the myometrium in leiomyoma were observed.

Conclusions. The deformation coefficients in patients with leiomyoma and adenomyosis and unchanged myometrium were obtained via ultrasound with compression sonoelastography and they made it possible to determine the degree of elasticity of the myometrium and its changes in the relevant pathology. Elastography is capable of identifying clear distinctive features of leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The coincidence of the diagnosis of adenomyosis based on elastography and histology is significant, but not optimal. The unchanged myometrium has a certain elasticity, which can be equated to a numerical value, i. e. the deformation coefficient, and this param changes in case of leiomyoma or adenomyosis, which makes it possible to differentiate these pathological conditions of the myometrium.
An Efficient Rotationally Symmetric Approach for the Design of Sparse Conformal Arrays in Wide Angle Scanning
Authors: Gu Pengfei , Fan Zhenhong , Ding Dazhi , Chen Rushan
Published: April 2021

This paper addresses a novel rotationally symmetric technique with multiple constraints for sparse conformal array synthesis. The purpose is to synthesis a sparse optimal common element positions on the conformal surface varying multiple patterns of wide
angle scanning with the behavior of low sidelobe levels (SLL). The conformal surface aperture is partitioned into several rotationally symmetric sections. The element positions and element numbers of only one section need to be optimized, which contribute to the reduction of optimizing variables and computation resources. We formulate the synthesis problem as a constrained optimization problem, which takes the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) as the fitness function, and sets the total number of array elements, the minimum spacing between two adjacent elements to form multiple constraints. The Brain Storm Optimization (BSO) is further exploited into the synthesis problem with multiple constraints. A set of representative numerical examples are presented to assess the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Broadband, Beam-Steering Asymmetric Stacked Microstrip Phased Array with Enhanced Front-to-Back Ratio
Authors: Turk Melih , Tokan Fikret
Published: April 2021

The backward radiation is a critical problem that may cause breakdown of the front-end circuits that are integrated behind the antenna. Thus, antennas having high Front to Back Ratio (FBR) are required. For phased arrays, the back lobe suppression is required for all scanning angles at all frequencies of the band. In this work, a stacked patch linear array with asymmetric configuration is proposed. It is capable of scanning the beam in ±40° with less than 1.34 dB scanning loss. Due to the usage of probe-fed stacked patches as the antenna elements, impedance matching in 8-10 GHz is achieved. More than 30 dB FBR is obtained for broadside radiation. It is above 20 dB when the beam is steered to θ = 40°. This is valid for all frequencies of the band. A prototype is fabricated and measured. Higher than 38 dB FBR is observed. With its broadband, high FBR and low scanning loss, the proposed asymmetrical stacked patch phased array is suitable as radar and base station antenna.
Women’s Expectations and Experiences Regarding Nursing Support during Childbirth
Authors: Metwally Sabah M. , Shehata Nabaweya S. , Abd El haleem Sabah A.
Published: April 2021

Context: Women giving birth always need to be provided by support and care during childbirth, trustful relationships with the health professionals, mainly childbirth nurses. The midwife can promote women feeling of being empowered and subsequently having positive experience and satisfaction during childbirth.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the women's expectations and experiences regarding nursing support during childbirth.

Methods: A descriptive design utilized in carrying out this study. A purposive sample of 400 women recruited in this study that conducted at the antenatal clinic and postnatal room, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. The study utilizes three tools: A structured interview questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics of the study sample, the expectations of nursing support during labor and birth, and the childbirth experience questionnaire.

Results:58.3% of the studied sample had negative expectations toward nursing support.62.6% of the studied sample had negative experiences toward childbirth.

Conclusions: The study concluded that more than half of the studied sample had negative expectations toward nursing support. Besides, slightly less than two-thirds of the studied sample had negative experiences toward childbirth. Also, there was a highly significant correlation between the total expectations of the nursing support score of the studied sample and their total childbirth experiences. The study recommended conducting an educational program to childbirth nurses regarding expectant mothers' expectations, wishes, and needs during labor.
Upaya Edukasi Kader Kesehatan dan Ibu Hamil untuk Peningkatan Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap di Kecamatan Pamotan Kabupaten Rembang
Authors: Nandini Nurhasmadiar
Published: April 2021

Immunisation is one of the health programs which considered cost-effective and able to prevent millions of deaths and disability which caused by diseases which could be prevented by immunisation. For the past years, the coverage of Basic Complete Immunisation has been increasing in several areas in Central Java. However, there were still some community groups that believed immunisation was harmful for their children and they did not allow their children to be vaccinated. This condition could cause a new case of diseases which usually can be prevented by immunisation, such as Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Hepatitis, and many more. Therefore, this program held to refresh the cadres knowledge about immunisation also provide more knowledge for pregnant mother about immunisation so they agree to let their children vaccinated after they born until they complete the basic immunisation. This community service heldin January – February 2020 in Sendangagung Village, Pamotan, Rembang District. The participants were health cadres and pregnant woman in Sendangagung Village, Pamotan, Rembang District. This event started with a mini pre-test, explanation about immunisation, and discussion. Participants stated that this event increase and refresh their knowledge about immunisation. Moreover, participants also get a booklet about the immunisation so the health cadres might use this booklet as their education media to educate other pregnant women and toddler’s parents about immunisation.
Meningkatkan Rasa Percaya Diri Mahasiswa dalam Speaking English Melalui Kegiatan English BootCamp
Authors: Roudlotun Nurul Laili  , Nashir Muhammad
Published: April 2021

In today's era of globalization, English competence is an essential aspect for the young generation to collaborate and compete globally. This activity is necessary because students often feel reluctant and insecure when communicating by using English in and outside the campus because they are afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation or grammatically. This community service activity aimed to increase students' motivation and self-confidence in Speaking English through the English BootCamp. English BootCamp is an outdoor activity that aims to give students a new atmosphere through more exciting activities. This activity was attended by 60 students who are the new members of Stikes Banyuwangi English Club. The expected outcome was that the students are more motivated to sharpen their skills and confidence in speaking English even though they majored in medicine. The methods used were games, discussion, songs, role play, and Free Talking. Students are very enthusiastic about joining this program because they provide a new experience with an outdoor atmosphere that is more relaxed, not boring, and not monotonous with various fun activity methods. Students become more courageous and have high self-confidence in Speaking English. They are more active in asking questions about vocabulary/expressions they do not understand, and they show their efforts by being actively involved in every activity. English BootCamp activity can change the students' mindset if Speaking English is not as difficult as imagined. This activity not only increases students' motivation and confidence but also their English skills.
Pelatihan Videografi Balai Latihan Kerja Al Ittihad dengan Model Project Based Learning
Authors: Wicaksono Soetam Rizky , Nugroho Didit Prasetyo
Published: April 2021

The pandemic outbreak has had an impact on the field of employment in general, so the Al Ittihad BLK (Balai Latihan Kerja or Work Training Centre) is trying to improve the digital skills of the learning participants to be more competitive during and after the pandemic. BLK, whose participants are the majority of alumni from the Al Ittihad Islamic boarding school, is expected to get additional ability to increase competitiveness in the world of work. The Ma Chung University community service team, which had discussed in a brainstorming session with the BLK managers, then agreed to provide videography training with the PBL (Project Based Learning) model with the assumption that the model was better able to increase the enthusiasm for learning and optimize the creative potential of the participants. The training, which was carried out offline for a limited time in the Poncokusumo area, Malang Regency, was proven to be able to improve the skills of the participants in learning and more visible learning outcomes based on the video project made by the participants. So it can be concluded that the implementation of the PBL model in this training process can be more effective in the limited training period.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan ICT Untuk Industri Rumahan Kecamatan Kendit Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Abdurrahman Ginanjar
Published: April 2021

Kendit is one of the districts in the Situbondo regency. Based on observation, technological literacy of the community need to be improved. ICT is currently very much needed, especially for the home industry. To increase technological literacy, it is necessary to provide ICT Utilization Training for the community, especially for the home industry, to facilitate production and promotion. To carry out ICT Training, of course, facilities needed. The survey determined that SMK Negeri 1 Panji was the place for training activities because this institute had adequate computer laboratory facilities, both from the number of computers and internet connections. This activity was held on 22-23 November 2017. On the first day, it started with introducing the presenters, followed by giving pretest questions to measure the participants' initial knowledge. After the pretest carried out, then the presentation of material on the introduction of ICT in general, the introduction of ICT for the Home Industry, searching for information using the internet, and calculating production costs and selling prices. On the second day, there was an explanation and discussion about marketing products using social media, correspondence, creating business profiles, making promotional slides with PowerPoint, and ending a posttest. From the activity evaluation data, the lowest posttest score of the participants, it is 71, and the highest score of participants is over 90, as many as two people. When compared with the value at the pretest with the highest score of only 76, it can say that there was a significant increase in the value
Developing and Validating Instrument of Career Decision of Islamic Senior High School Students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Arini Arintiya Nadia , Purwanta Edi , Hidayat Nur
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument of career decision of senior high level. Two hundred thirty-three learners from one of the Islamic senior high schools in Yogyakarta were involved in this study. The design of this study was research and development (R&D), which consisted of eight steps: a) identifying the purpose of measuring, b) domain restriction of measuring, c) operationalization of aspects, d) item writing, e) language trial, and field test, f) item selection, g) construct validation, and h) final validation. The researcher implicated students and expert judgments to validate the instrument. A small group and large group instrument try-out were done in this study. To analyze the data, the researcher combined the statistical calculation and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The result of this study showed that the career decision instrument undergoes some revision before it was fixed. The expert's judgments & result of the small group try-out showed that the instruments must be improved. The researcher revised some items in the instrument and did the large group try-out. The result of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the career decision instrument was fixed. It was ready to use by the counseling teachers to help the senior high school students make career decisions for their future.
Fostering Diversity Values Through Learning The History of The National Movement in Senior High Schools
Authors: Muslim  , Warto  , Djono
Published: April 2021

This study aims to find out how to foster the value of diversity through learning the history of the national movement in Senior High Schools. This study uses a qualitative method, with a single case study strategy. This research was conducted at the National Senior High School. The data validity was used triangulation. Data were collected through interviews, a document study, and observation. The data analysis technique used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman analysis. The results of the study: 1) Planning, the history teacher has prepared and compiled a lesson plan which contains the values of diversity. 2) Implementation, history teachers teach material about national movement figures, use discussion methods, train students to respect friends who are different from them such as differences in religion, ethnicity, race, ethnicity, social system, and culture. 3) Evaluation, history teachers have used the principle of overall evaluation and continuity and have been implemented properly by history teachers. 4) Barriers because currently learning is carried out online, so teachers cannot see what students are doing as it is when learning is done in class. In the end, this study showed that after the obstacles were overcome, the students' diversity values increased.
Curriculum Evaluation: Inputs for Principal’s Instructional Leadership
Authors: Arrieta Gilbert S.
Published: April 2021

One of the most important components in education is the curriculum. It undergoes evaluation and development to be responsive to the needs of the times. It adapts to the kind of teachers and learners because teaching and learning are dynamic. The main drivers of the curriculum are the education leaders primarily the principals who are the instructional leaders. The main task of the principal is instructional leadership which means overseeing the teaching and learning process starting with the curriculum. However, the administrative tasks of the principals deprive them of becoming effective instructional leaders. This study aims to present the experiences of the researcher in curriculum evaluation under different principals in a private sectarian school in Manila and seeks to identify how principals can take a strong leadership presence in the challenges in instruction and curriculum evaluation. A critical reflection which is an extension of “critical thinking” and asks us to think about our practice and ideas and then it challenges us to step back and examine our thinking by asking probing questions was used as the method in this study. The researcher looks back into his experiences and identifies the key points in curriculum evaluation vis-à-vis the tasks of instructional leadership. It found out that curriculum evaluation, primarily an integral part of instructional leadership. The principals have to do curriculum evaluation as a collaborative task and process. Moreover, curriculum evaluation with instructional leadership should be giving importance to professional development and mentoring of academic heads and teachers.
Reliability of modified functional reach test in the assessment of balance function in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Authors: Aatik Arsh  , Haider Darain  , Mujeeb Ur Rahman  , Irfan Ullah  , Syed Shakil-Ur-Rehman
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To systematically review the research studies that reported reliability of modified functional reach test for the assessment of sitting balance function in people with spinal cord injury.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Research studies published in English language from the earliest record to October 2019 that reported any type of reliability of modified functional reach test in assessing balance function in adult SCI population were included. Those studies were excluded which reported correlation of modified functional reach test with other outcome measures and not explicitly reported reliability of the modified functional reach test. Reviews, commentaries, letter to editors, conference papers and short communications were also excluded.
Results: Initially, 108 research articles were retrieved from different databases, however after duplicate removal and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 6 research studies were included in current systematic review. All 6 studies reported only test-retest reliability of modified functional reach test. Four studies measured only forward reach while remaining 2 studies measured reach in different directions. All 6 studies reported good to excellent reliability of modified functional reach test with interclass coefficient values ranging from 0.78 to 0.99.
Conclusion: Modified functional reach test is a reliable tool for assessing sitting balance function in individuals with SCI.
Continuous...
An audit of gynae-oncology practices in ovarian cancer treatment based on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol amongst two gynae-oncology units, in UK and in Pakistan
Authors: Uzma Chishti  , Munazza Akhtar  , Aliya Aziz  , Amber Ahmed  , Desmond PJ Barton
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the peri-operative practices and complications in ovarian cancer patients undergoing upfront surgery for primary disease at two centers; in UK following ERAS protocol and in Pakistan following traditional practices.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study based in Gynecology departments of St. Georges Hospital UK, and Aga Khan Hospital Pakistan. The study population consisted of 50 patients from each centre, from January 2015 till December 2016.
Results: Demographics were comparable except more prevalent diabetes in Pakistan. Pakistani patients had bowel preparation in 94% as compared to two percent in UK. Duration for nil per mouth was more in traditional approach as well as the use of nasogastric tube and peritoneal drain (0.0001). Epidural anesthesia was used in 78% of patients in Pakistan compared to only 8% in UK. The duration of thromboprophylaxis was also significantly different (UK 28 days versus Pakistan 7 days).
Electrolyte imbalances was detected in 80% of Pakistani and 15% of UK patients. Wound infection recorded in 15% of UK and 2% of Pakistani patients.
The median length of hospital stay was 7 and 8 days in ERAS and non-ERAS patients respectively.
Conclusion: Implementation of ERAS protocol can lead to improvement of postoperative outcomes and good functional recovery without compromising patient safety.
Continuous...
Comparison of DECAF (dyspnea, eosinopenia, consolidation, acidaemia, and atrial fibrillation) and APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ii) scoring system to predict mortality among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wiky Raja  , Naseem Ahmed  , Nadeem Ahmed Rizvi  , Anita Vallacha  , Dinesh Kumar
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Scoring systems are frequently used to predict mortality and then guiding therapeutic interventions in the patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Objective: Compare the diagnostic accuracy of Dyspnea, Eosinopenia, Consolidation, acidaemia, and atrial fibrillation and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scoring system to predict mortality among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during November 2017 to June 2018 in the Department of Chest Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi. N=210 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were included in the study after getting written informed consent. Patients were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Mortality scores were calculated for each patient and the individual parameters used in calculating the scores were also recorded. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The study population consisted of 210 consecutive patients, of those n=147 (70%) were males and n= 63 (30%) females. A statistically significant difference was observed between survivors and those who died in hospital related to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive disease. The mean Dyspnea, Eosinopenia, Consolidation, acidaemia, and atrial fibrillation score 2.31 + 0.93 and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score 15.8 + 7.2 was recorded in whole study population. A decision threshold of Dyspnea, Eosinopenia, Consolidation, acidaemia, and atrial fibrillation score >2 was found to have a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 82.3% while acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score have sensitivity
Continuous...
Expanded Visual Anthropology: Cave Art and Mixed Reality in the archaeological site Cueva de las Manos (Argentina).
Authors: Gutiérrez De Angelis Marina
Published: April 2021

In 2018, the Area of Visual Anthropology (UBA) began a fieldwork with 360º video in the archaeological site Cueva de las Manos (Argentina), with the aim of projecting a space for experimentation with immersive technologies, to confront the visitor with the images of the cave. This work presents a series of reflections on the application of these technologies to the development of an interactive environment through the sensory-motor and affective experience of reality. Based on the hypothesis that Mixed Reality involves a new sensory dimension that allows stimulating the spatial and cinematic sensoriality of the image, the project explores the narrative possibilities of an expanded visual anthropology, not only in technical terms, but also in disciplinary terms. It introduces the use of low-cost technologies such as the Oculus Rift combined with hand tracking, 3D design, and specialized software for archeology.
Respiratory updates
Authors: Mahmood Farhana , Gatheral Timothy
Published: April 2021

As with other fields, respiratory medicine has seen several significant advancements in recent years. The current status and prospects of certain noteworthy ones are presented.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ИНДЕКСА «СЧАСТЬЕ» В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ
Authors: Омарова Айшат  Ниязбековна , Кенжакимова Гульнара Аляевна
Published: April 2021

Понятие счастье является движущей силой, главной нишей и целью каждого человека в не зависимости от возраста, пола, национальной и религиозной принадлежности. Ежегодные мировые рейтинги организации World Happiness Report проводимые вот уже на протяжении 18 лет в 150 странах мира показывают, что наиболеесчастливыми по ключевым 6 показателям выступают скандинавские страны. Страны же Центральной Азии значительно уступают по всем 6 параметрам данного рейтинга, хотя однозначно заявлять о том, что в ЦА проживают несчастливые люди сложно. Значительную роль в чувстве счастья играют национальные особенности в восприятии и ощущении. В этой статье представлен теоретический обзор представления понятия «счастье» в странах Центральной Азии (Казахстан, Узбекистан, Кыргызстан). Описаны национальные особенности ощущения счастья в Центральной Азии на примере республик Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Узбекистан. Приведен сравнительный анализ на основе информационный базы World Happiness Report.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН ҚОҒАМЫНДА НАШАҚОРЛЫҚТЫҢ ТАРАЛУЫ: НЕГІЗГІ СЕБЕПТЕРІ МЕН АЛҒЫШАРТТАРЫ
Authors: Санатқанұлы Мәди , Байғабылов Нұрлан Оралбайұлы
Published: April 2021

Бұл мақалада Қазақстан қоғамында нашақорлықтың таралуының негізгі себептері мен алғышарттары, оның ішінде геосаяси, әлеуметтік-экономикалық және әлеуметтік-мәдени мәселелер қарастырылған. БҰҰ мәліметтері бойынша, Қазақстан есірткіден өлім-жітім бойынша әлемнің 93 елінің арасында 33-ші орында. Әлемде тіркелген 483 жаңа психобелсенді заттардың 60-қа жуығы біздің мемлекетіміздің аумағында қолданылады. Негізгі себептерді талдау нәтижелері нашақорлыққа қарсы күресті тікелей немесе жанама жүргізетін мемлекеттің барлық субъектілері арасындағы тығыз әрі тиімді өзара іс-қимыл кезінде нашақорлықты емдеу мәселесін жеке қараудың орындылығын көрсетті.
ОЦЕНКА НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА
Authors: Линьши Сюй , Шеломенцева Валентина Павловна , Алтайбаева Жанат Калеловна
Published: April 2021

В статье обоснована необходимость исследования и оценки уровня и качества жизни населения региона и целесообразность использования полученных результатов при разработке планов социально-экономического развития территории. Актуальность этой проблемы обусловлена необходимостью создания комфортных условий жизнедеятельности человека на всех территориях Казахстана. Нами проведен анализ научной литературы, отечественных и зарубежных практик исследования социально-экономического развития территорий, оценки уровня и качества жизни населения с учетом привлекательности территорий для постоянного проживания, что позволило разработать и апробировать инструментарий оценки уровня и качества жизни населения и определить возможность идентификации насущных проблем социально-экономического развития территории. В статье предлагается разработка методологии проведения Мониторинга по изучению уровня и качества жизни населения, которая может быть использована на региональном уровне. Информация Мониторингов и будет учитывать сложившуюся реальность, которая должна оцениваться качественно и количественно местными исполнительными органами власти и использоваться ими при планировании социально-экономического развития территории. По результатам исследования выявлены факторы, которые оказывают существенное влияние на оценку привлекательности территории, уровня и качества жизни населения, что может служить основанием для установления приоритетов в планировании социально-экономического развития территории, населенных пунктов.
Preparation and Properties of In Situ Grown Cr2O3 Diffusion Barrier Between Ni Coating and 316L Stainless Steel in Molten Fluoride Salts
Authors: Wang Yanli , Wang Ping , Wang Changxuan , Zhang Shenghua
Published: April 2021

A Cr2O3 diffusion barrier was formed in situ between Ni coating and 316L through electroplating a Ni(NiO) transition layer first and then annealing at 900°C for 8 h in Ar. The obtained Cr2O3 is dense, continuously grown, and well bonded with 316L. The diffusion and corrosion resistance of Ni coating with and without Cr2O3 diffusion barrier were investigated. No visible outer diffusion of elements was found during the heat treatment at 750°C for 150 h, and the Ni coating with a Cr2O3 diffusion barrier can provide a good protection for 316L in molten (Li,Na,K)F.
Comparison Between Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Pulse Rate in Patients Under Going General Surgery
Authors: Ismael Ismael Waadullah , Mghames Husam K. , Khulaif Mortatha A. , Jaafer Zahraa T.
Published: April 2021

The inhalational agents are very important to maintain the depth of anesthesia, provide analgesia and muscle relaxant. Many factors have effect of anesthetic gases, including type in an anesthetic agents and its MAC and other properties and postoperative stays. This study were designed to comparison between isoflurane  and sevoflurane as inhalational agents on the pulse rate during general anesthesia.

This prospective study were carried out at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City Complex, Baghdad/Iraq from 2nd January 2020 –  20th February 2020.

Thirty (30) patients between 7 - 68 years old were enrolled in this study. Male was 13 and female was 17, in all selected patients, pulse rate was recorded at baseline, at intubation at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30min, 40 min of the time of operation, extubation, and recovery.

Results showed that the pulse rate at baseline there is not significant different in pulse rate of each gas, at intubation there is significant change in pulse rate, at 5 min ,10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 40 min, extubation, recovery there is not significant different in pulse rate.
Studying the Role of C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Sleeve Gastrectomy in Baghdad
Authors: Fadil Mohammed Abbas , Maroof Raya Ezat , Fadil Moayed Abbas
Published: April 2021

Obesity and severe obesity are increasing serious health problems with an epidemic percentage in most countries. In Sleeve gastrectomy, a part of the stomach structure is removed, limiting its capacity by about two to three. A total of thirty blood samples were collected from patients with obesity and the result was compared with healthy person throughout the time from November 2019 to September 2020. Before sleeve gastrectomy and after more than 6 months of sleeve surgery, the sample was collected from the Medical City/Baghdad Teaching Hospital, the withdrawal was again taken at home to have pre and post sleeve gastrectomy, Patient age ranged between [20-46] years for obese patients and healthy control. Then the serum samples were obtained from patients and control group to screen for C-reactive protein by agglutination method. The result of the present study found that the positivity of CRP in pre-operation is higher than that of post-operative with high significance [P<0.005].
Maíz y alimentación. Historia breve de un largo viaje
Authors: González Jácome Alba
Published: April 2021

Este artículo intenta resumir los aportes más significativos de un importante número de estudios realizados sobre el maíz, desde su domesticación hasta su difusión. Su amplia difusión se debe al papel que ha tenido en la alimentación de los grupos humanos que han vivido en el territorio de lo que ahora es México. Esta gramínea, cuyos usos son múltiples y trascienden los alimenticios, ha tenido y aún tiene una serie de elementos que la hacen eje importante en varios aspectos de la vida social, económica y en la cosmovisión de quienes la cultivan y la consumen cotidianamente. En el pasado prehispánico, además de ser alimento básico, era parte fundamental en las formas de organización social, la economía, ideología, cosmovisión, religión, ceremonias y rituales de los mesoamericanos.El punto central del texto es el referente a la alimentación y sus procesos de cambio relacionados con esta planta, que ha sido objeto de estudio de numerosos investigadores y desde varios puntos de vista (genetistas, biólogos, bioquímicos, arqueólogos, historiadores, antropólogos, sociólogos, agrónomos, dietistas, nutriólogos, economistas). En México se ha utilizado también como elemento fundamental en exposiciones y en libros relacionados con arte, cultura y alimentación. No se pretende abarcar todo lo que se ha escrito sobre el maíz, sin embargo, se espera dar al lector una idea general de los principales avances en los estudios realizados sobre esta gramínea y su relación con la alimentación a través del tiempo.