bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From high definition precision healthcare to precision public oral health: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Slavkin Harold C.
Published: December 2018

In anticipation of a major transformation in healthcare, this review provides highlights that anticipate the near future for oral public health (and beyond). Personalized or precision healthcare reflects the expectation that advances in genomics, imaging, and other domains will extend our risk assessment, diagnostic, and prognostic capabilities, and enables more effective prevention and therapeutic options for all Americans. Meanwhile, the current healthcare system does not meet cost, access, or quality criteria for all Americans. It is now an imperative that the success of “smart,” quality, and cost‐effective high definition precision healthcare requires a public health perspective for several reasons: a) to enhance generalizability, b) to assess methods of implementation, and c) to focus on both risk and prevention in large and small populations, thereby providing a balance between the generation of long‐term knowledge and short‐term health gains. Sensitivity and resolution, reasonable cost, access to all Americans, coordinated comprehensive care, and advances in whole genome sequencing (WGS) and big data analyses, coupled to other advances in biotechnology and digital/artificial intelligence/machine learning devices, and the behavioral, social, and environmental sciences, offer remarkable opportunities to improve the health and wellness of the American people [genotype + phenotype + environment + behavior = high definition healthcare]. The opportunity is to significantly improve the well‐being and life expectancy of all people across the lifespan including the least‐advantaged people in our society and potentially increase access, reduce the national costs, and improve health outcomes.
Isolation and expression analysis of a candidate gametophyte sex determination gene (sjhmg) of kelp (Saccharina japonica)
Authors: Zhang Linan , Li Jinku , Wu Hao , Li Yingxia
Published: December 2018

Saccharina japonica undergoes an alternating life cycle during which the diploid sporophyte generation alternates with the happloid gametophyte generation. Saccharina japonica uses the UV sex determination system to determine the sex of its haploid gametophytes. However, the sex‐determining genes and the sex‐determining mechanisms of kelp gametophytes have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, a kelp HMG‐box‐containing gene (SjHMG), which is located within the sex determination region of S. japonica, was isolated and characterized. SjHMG contained an open reading frame of 1,266 bp in length and encoded a deduced protein of 421 amino acid residues with two HMG‐box domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed the strongest relationship between SjHMG and its orthologs in brown algae. An alternatively spliced transcript (SjHMG isoform‐2) encoding a protein of 256 amino acid residues was also identified. The two isoforms were specific for male gametophytes. A real‐time quantitative PCR analysis showed significantly higher abundances of two isoforms in immature male gametophytes than in mature ones. These findings suggested that the SjHMG gene is a candidate male gametophyte determination gene of kelp. In addition, the abundance of SjHMG isoform‐2 transcripts was significantly lower than that of SjHMG isoform‐1 transcripts, and only an HMG‐box domain was conserved among species in the order Laminariales, which indicated that the gene is specifically involved in sex regulation in some species of the order Laminariales by alternative splicing.
Durable control of hepatitis C through interferon‐free antiviral combination therapy immediately prior to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rauwolf Kerstin , Herbrüggen Heidi , Zöllner Stefan , Thorer Heike , Makarova Olga , Kaiser Thomas , Pettke Aleksandra , Rossig Claudia , Burkhardt Birgit , Groll Andreas H.
Published: December 2018

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection carries increased risks for morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) but has become curable through the advent of directly acting antiviral compounds. Current guidelines of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) recommend that HCV‐infected HSCT candidates preferably start and complete therapy prior to transplant. However, this is often not feasible due to time constraints or treatment‐limiting comorbidities, conditions and treatments. For these reasons, data on the safety of antiviral treatment, its efficacy to achieve durable eradication of the virus until full immune recovery, and late effects of former HCV infection in patients receiving HSCT are unknown. Here, we report the course of two paediatric patients with chronic HCV infection who received a full course of directly acting antivirals prior to allogeneic HSCT and achieved and maintained viral eradication throughout transplantation until complete immune recovery.
Advancing the use of morphometric data for estimating and managing common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mass
Authors: Lauderdale Lisa K. , Messinger Cheryl , Wells Randall S. , Mitchell Kevin A. , Messinger Douglas , Stacey Rita , Miller Lance J.
Published: December 2018

Knowledge of a dolphin's body mass is central to establishing body condition, comparing across individuals, and designing successful management programs. In the present study, sex‐specific prediction equations for estimating body mass were generated from morphometrics (i.e., length and girth) and ages of bottlenose dolphins residing under professionally managed care. Measurements of wild dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, were used to generate sex‐specific body mass reference ranges. Gompertz growth models were fitted to length measurements and age to compare growth across populations. From the regression analyses, the body mass of managed females (R2= 0.937), managed males (R2= 0.953), wild females (R2= 0.979), and wild males (R2= 0.972) were predicted with high levels of accuracy. Managed adults had similar or longer asymptotic lengths compared to their wild conspecifics. To apply this information, ZooMorphTrak, a mobile software application, was developed to provide a new resource for management. The “Approximate” feature was designed to approximate body mass based on user inputs of individual morphometrics. The “Management” feature compared a managed dolphin's known body mass with respect to body mass reference ranges generated from wild dolphins. ZooMorphTrak, developed by the Chicago Zoological Society, is available for download athttp://itunes.apple.com.
Resveratrol supplementation significantly influences obesity measures: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mousavi S. M. , Milajerdi A. , Sheikhi A. , Kord‐Varkaneh H. , Feinle‐Bisset C. , Larijani B. , Esmaillzadeh A.
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to summarize earlier randomized controlled trials on the effects of resveratrol supplementation on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat mass (FM). We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from inception to April 2018 using relevant keywords. All clinical trials investigating the effects of resveratrol supplementation on BW, BMI, WC and FM in adults were included. Overall, 28 trials were included. Pooled effect sizes suggested a significant effect of resveratrol administration on weight (weighted mean differences [WMD]: −0.51 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.94 to −0.09; I2 = 50.3%, P = 0.02), BMI (WMD: −0.17 kg m−2, 95% CI: −0.32, −0.03; I2 = 49.6%, P = 0.02) and WC (WMD: −0.79 cm, 95% CI: −1.39, −0.2; I2 = 13.4%, P = 0.009), respectively. However, no significant effect of resveratrol supplementation on FM was found (WMD: −0.36%, 95% CI: −0.88, 0.15; I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.16). Findings from subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in BW and BMI in trials using resveratrol at the dosage of <500 mg d−1, those with long‐term interventions (≥3 month), and performed on people with obesity. Taken together, the data suggest that resveratrol supplementation has beneficial effects to reduce BW, BMI and WC, but not FM.
A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity‐related behaviours
Authors: Kim Y. , Cubbin C. , Oh S.
Published: December 2018

Childhood obesity is of great importance given a third of children in the USA are overweight or obese. Previous research has examined neighbourhood economic context in relation to children's obesity and obesity‐rated behaviours. However, different definitions and measures of neighbourhood context make it difficult to compare findings and make definitive conclusions. This review is to synthesize studies assessing the associations between neighbourhood economic context and children's obesity or obesity‐related behaviours. The review included 39 studies investigating the relationship between residential neighbourhood economic context and children's obesity, dietary habits or physical activity after controlling for family‐level economic status. Studies reported mixed results in the relationship between neighbourhood economic indicators and child obesity outcomes. Of reviewed studies, 60% showed an inverse association between higher neighbourhood economic status and obesity, and 33% and 14% showed positive associations between higher neighbourhood economic status and healthy dietary habits or physical activity. Several studies suggested gender, age, race/ethnicity, individual‐level economic status, rurality and social connectedness as moderators in the neighbourhood‐obesity association. Findings suggest that, in order to move towards causal inferences and inform interventions, future research should examine neighbourhood impacts longitudinally and test theory‐driven mediators and moderators to clarify the mechanisms by which neighbourhoods influence child obesity.
Ultrasound‐guided axillary venous access for pediatric and adult congenital lead implantation
Authors: Clark Bradley C. , Janson Christopher M. , Nappo Lynn , Pass Robert H.
Published: December 2018

Background

Axillary venous access with ultrasound guidance for pediatric transvenous lead implantation may reduce risks for pneumothorax and hemothorax. The objective was to retrospectively evaluate ultrasound‐guided axillary vein access as an alternative to the subclavian approach.

Methods

The technique consists of ultrasonographic identification of the axillary vein at the deltopectoral groove after initial contrast venography. A micropuncture kit is used for initial ultrasound‐guided percutaneous access with fluoroscopic confirmation of wire position. Pocket creation is performed, and sheath insertion and lead implantation proceed as usual. Demographic, procedural, and radiation exposure data were collected and analyzed.

Results

Sixteen patients (median age = 13 years, 8‐50 years; median weight = 56 kg, 29‐77 kg) underwent lead implantation; two additional patients required fluoroscopy due to poor acoustic windows (89% success). Fifteen of 21 leads (71%) were ventricular; 50% of implants were pacemakers, and 31% were dual chamber. Median time to venous access was 13 min (interquartile range (IQR) = 9.25‐20.25) and median implant procedure time was 156 min (IQR = 112‐172). Median fluoroscopy time was 18.0 min (IQR = 11.9‐29.6), median air kerma was 9.0 mGy (IQR = 3.0‐28.5), and median dose‐area product was 30.2 Gy‐cm2 (IQR = 16.1‐234.5). One patient required generator pocket revision 2 days postprocedure without lead dislodgement. There were no other complications encountered.

Conclusions

Transvenous pacemaker and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead implantation in the pediatric and adult congenital population through ultrasound‐guided axillary venous access is safe and efficacious. This technique may provide a low‐risk alternative for vascular access for pediatric implantation procedures.
Grounding Thick Normative Facts
Authors: Morton Justin
Published: December 2018

Many philosophers have been concerned with the nature of thick normative concepts. In this paper, I try to motivate a different project: understanding the nature of thick normative properties and facts. I propose a ground‐theoretic approach to this project. I then argue that some of the simplest and most initially plausible ways of understanding thick facts fail and that we are forced to accept some initially implausible views. I try to show how these views are not so implausible after all.
Donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibody production following pediatric ABO‐incompatible heart transplantation
Authors: Chen Chiu‐Yu , Warner Paul , Albers Erin L. , Kemna Mariska S. , Delaney Meghan , Hong Borah J. , Law Yuk M.
Published: December 2018

ABO‐i heart transplantation can be performed in infants with end‐stage heart failure to increase organ availability. The development of newly detected DSAs is associated with decreased cardiac graft survival, and the effect of ABO‐i transplantation on DSA production is unknown. We examined DSA production and rejection frequency in infant recipients of ABO‐i and ABO‐c heart transplants via a retrospective cohort study of infant heart transplant recipients transplanted at a single pediatric center between January 2004 and November 2014. Patients were included if they were less than 1 year of age at transplant and had a minimum of 6 months follow‐up. DSA positivity was examined under two categories, either the lowest level detectable (MFI > 500) or a level presumed to have clinical relevance in our immunogenetics laboratory (MFI > 5000). Of 52 patients, 36 received ABO‐c transplants and 16 received ABO‐i transplants. Compared to ABO‐c recipients, the ABO‐i group showed a consistent but statistically non‐significant finding of less frequent ndDSA positivity (69.4% ABO‐c vs 43.8% ABO‐i with MFI >500, P = 0.122; 41.7% ABO‐c vs 25% ABO‐i with MFI >5000, P = 0.353). Additionally, ABO‐i patients were less likely to have any form of rejection (12.5% vs 47.2%, P = 0.027) or acute cellular rejection (6.3% vs 38.9%, P = 0.021). Our data suggest that infants receiving ABO‐i heart transplants may be less likely to develop ndDSAs or have rejection compared to same age ABO‐c recipients. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm results from this single center study.
Do Perceptions Match Reality? Comparing Latinos’ Perceived Views of State Immigration Policy Environments with Enacted Policies
Authors: Ybarra Vickie D. , Juárez Pérez Melina , Sanchez Gabriel R.
Published: December 2018

This paper explores assumptions made and measurement approaches in the nuanced pathway between enacted state immigration policies and the outcomes they affect in Latino immigrant communities. Scholars across a variety of fields have found that contemporary state immigrant policymaking is associated with outcomes in immigrant communities including political engagement, mental and physical health, access to education, and labor opportunities. In this paper, we explore questions of how state immigration policies produce these and other outcomes. Much of this literature relies on the assumption that members of the immigrant communities are aware of the state policies being enacted, yet few quantitative studies of the effects of state immigration policy contain measures of both policy and of perception. We seek to determine the extent to which Latino immigrants are aware of state immigrant policymaking to help determine whether state immigration policies are a valid approach to measure perceptions of the immigration policy environment in Latino immigrant communities. Additionally, we explore alternative measures of immigration policy. Our findings are particularly relevant to policymakers and immigration scholars as the contemporary political environment has helped to fuel anti‐immigrant sentiments and rhetoric contributing to Latinos’ perceptions of the state immigrant policy environment.
Environmental colour impact on the life of lower aquatic vertebrates: development, growth, physiological and biochemical processes
Authors: Ruchin Alexander B.
Published: December 2018

This review discusses environmental colour impact on such vital processes of lower aquatic vertebrates (amphibian and fish), as development, growth, consumption of food and its conversion ratio, secretion of hormones etc. For some species, different zones of the spectrum can act as a stimulator of growth and development processes, while other zones of the spectrum can, on the contrary, inhibit development and growth. This influence occurs at the physiological and biochemical levels. Physiologically, environmental colour can both activate and suppress fish nutrition. Changes in daily ration can change the food conversion ratio. In turn, the contrast of the feed against a particular environmental colour can also affect the amount of food consumed and the somatic growth respectively. Certain zones of the spectrum stress fish, which is confirmed by the increase in cortisol level. Illumination of certain colour can accelerate fish growth; in such cases, a decrease in cortisol is observed. Environmental colour also affects the secretion of other hormones (somatotropin, thyroxine) and, as a consequence, the biochemical and physiological status of organisms. There is certain amount of evidence that environmental colour can impact gene expression and thereby regulate the somatic growth and development of fish and amphibians. However, there is not yet enough evidence and only preliminary conclusions can be drawn, which must be taken into account in fish breeding practice. A brief description of the organs of vision of lower vertebrates is given. The problems of the influence of light on a number of biochemical parameters are discussed.
Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Mineralization in the Salu Bulo Prospect, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tuakia Muhammad Zain , Takahashi Ryohei , Imai Akira
Published: December 2018

The Salu Bulo prospect is one of the gold prospects in the Awak Mas project in the central part of the western province, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The gold mineralization is hosted by the meta‐sedimentary rocks intercalated with the meta‐volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Latimojong Metamorphic Complex. The ores are approximately three meters thick, consisting of veins, stockwork, and breccias. The veins can be classified into three stages, namely, early, main, and late stages, and gold mineralization is related to the main stage. The mineral assemblage of the matrix of breccia and the veins are both composed of quartz, carbonate (mainly ankerite), and albite. High‐grade gold ores in the Salu Bulo prospect are accompanied by intense alteration, such as carbonatization, albitization, silicification, and sulfidation along the main stage veins and breccia. Alteration mineral assemblage includes ankerite ± calcite, quartz, albite, and pyrite along with minor sericite. Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral that is spatially related to native gold and electrum (<2–42 μm in size). It is more abundant as dissemination in the altered host rocks than those in veins. This suggests that water–rock interaction played a role to precipitate pyrite and Au in the Salu Bulo prospect. The Au contents of intensely altered host rocks and ores have positive correlations with Ag, Ni, Mo, and Na. Fluid inclusions in the veins of the main stage and the matrix of breccia are mainly two‐phase liquid‐rich inclusions with minor two‐phase, vapor‐rich, and single‐phase liquid or vapor inclusions. CO2 and N2 gases are detected in the fluid inclusions by Laser Raman microspectrometry. Fluid boiling probably occurred when the fluid was trapped at approximately 120–190 m below the paleo water table. δ18OSMOW values of fluid, +5.8 and +7.6‰, calculated from δ18OSMOW of quartz from the main stage vein indicate oxygen isotopic exchange with wall rocks during deep circulation. δ34SCDT of pyrite narrowly ranges from −2.0 to +3.4‰, suggesting a single source of sulfur. Gold mineralization in the Salu Bulo prospect occurred in an epithermal condition, after the metamorphism of the host rocks. It formed at a relatively shallow depth from fluids with low to moderate salinity (3.0–8.5 wt% NaCl equiv.). The temperature and pressure of ore formation range from 190 to 210°C and 1.2 to 1.9 MPa, respectively.
What lies downstream: Cellular oxygen delivery during hemodialysis
Authors: MacEwen Clare , Watkinson Peter , Tarassenko Lionel , Pugh Christopher
Published: December 2018

Hemodialysis has been linked to structural and functional damage to vital organs such as the brain and heart, possibly via repetitive intradialytic organ ischemia. There is increasing recognition that tissue ischemia can occur without changes in standard hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure, leading to interest in more direct assessment of the adequacy of oxygen delivery to tissues. In this article, we discuss our current understanding of what happens to cellular oxygen delivery during hemodialysis: we review the underlying physiology, potential measurement techniques, and the clinical literature to date.
Inference for ergodic diffusions plus noise
Authors: Nakakita Shogo H. , Uchida Masayuki
Published: December 2018

We research an adaptive maximum‐likelihood–type estimation for an ergodic diffusion process where the observation is contaminated by noise. This methodology leads to the asymptotic independence of the estimators for the variance of observation noise, the diffusion parameter, and the drift one of the latent diffusion process. Moreover, it can lessen the computational burden compared to simultaneous maximum likelihood–type estimation. In addition to adaptive estimation, we propose a test to see if noise exists or not and analyze real data as the example such that the data contain observation noise with statistical significance.
Humanist Battles and Embattled Humanists: Neointerventionism, Neopragmatism, and the Coloniality of Truth
Authors: Pitts Andrea J.
Published: December 2018

This paper examines conceptions of truth and “the human” in an effort to engage contemporary discussions of neointerventionism. A central question in the paper is whether one facet of the self‐justifying structure of neointerventionism is an operative framing of theories of truth underlying the explanans sought by foreign policy officials and state actors. To address this question, I turn to an unlikely source within philosophy of language, neopragmatist theorist Richard Rorty, to offer an example of an antirepresentationalist and nonobjectivist description of truth that may help explain the terms and stakes of neointerventionist policies. My claim, however, will be, following the critical insights of Cornel West, Chantal Mouffe, and Sylvia Wynter, that neopragmatist efforts of the sort outlined by Rorty, while sophisticated in their analyses of the nature of truth and forms of justification, fail to thoroughly engage the political conception of “the human” that orders and frames debates regarding objectivity and solidarity. I conclude by returning to the problematic of neointerventionism from Wynter’s framings of what she calls the “coloniality of truth” and “embattled humanisms.”
Truth, Trust, and Trumpery
Authors: McConnell‐Ginet Sally
Published: December 2018

Three interrelated communicative issues emerge from recent U.S. political discourse in the wake of Donald Trump’s campaign for and election to the presidency. TRUTH figures prominently in social commentary on language. Semantically, truth relates to applicability conditions for linguistic expressions, which change and can be contested. Pragmatically, truth affects updating participants’ changing public commitments to what the world is like and to their own and others’ future actions. Updating as the speaker wants requires TRUST. Taking speakers as personally credible is heavily tied to social identities and power relations. Experts and other “authorities” are often automatically accorded credibility but sometimes wrongly shielded from criticism. Disdain for expertise fueled Trump’s campaign and the social divides it exploited, continuing during his presidency. Although TRUMPERY (orig., “deceit, fraud”) is not confined to Trump or Trumpists, they are consummate practitioners. Communicative trumpery exploits “confirmation bias,” desires, and assumptions producing beliefs. It also arises from shifting interpretations and is key to evade communicative accountability (“just joking,” “a figure of speech”) or from refusing to engage with other discourse participants.
A review of the relationship between primary and secondary dormancy, with reference to the volunteer crop weed oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
Authors: Soltani E , Baskin J M , Baskin C C
Published: December 2018

Fresh seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) are reported to be nondormant and nonphotoblastic. However, a portion of the seeds can be induced into a light‐requiring state (secondary dormancy) for germination and also exhibit dormancy cycling. Thus, if seeds become buried in the soil they can form a persistent seedbank and become a serious volunteer weed in succeeding crops. The capacity of nondormant seeds of B. napus to be induced into secondary dormancy is contrary to results of studies on fresh nondormant seeds of some other species. A reanalysis of published and unpublished data shows that fresh seeds of this species have some degree of primary dormancy and that there is a significant relationship between primary dormancy and the capacity to enter secondary dormancy. However, most germination tests on B. napus have not been done in enough detail to detect primary dormancy (or not) in fresh seeds of this species. The usefulness of information on the relationship between primary dormancy and the capacity of the seeds to enter secondary dormancy is discussed in relation to management of weedy volunteers of this species.
Confronting Challenges in Reducing Heart Failure 30‐Day Readmissions: Lessons Learned With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Wood Racheal L. , Migliore Laurie A. , Nasshan Sandra J. , Mirghani Sara R. , Contasti Annette C.
Published: December 2018

Background

Heart failure (HF) is considered a condition in which a portion of hospital admissions are preventable if timely and appropriate outpatient care management occurs. Facility readmission rates for HF are reportable and subject to penalty. Both military and civilian healthcare systems have fiscal responsibility and are accountable for successful disease management. Therefore, best practices and evidence‐based strategies to reduce readmissions are in critical demand. However, translating best evidence into practice can be challenging due to the complexities of the healthcare system.

Aims

This crosswalk paper provides strategies and considerations for nurses planning HF readmission reduction initiatives.

Methods

Insight regarding implementation strategies, challenges, successes, and lessons learned is shared through a framework‐guided description of two separate but similar HF readmission reduction projects conducted in military and civilian healthcare facilities.

Results

Lessons learned suggest defined and attainable outcomes, multidisciplinary inclusivity, redundancy in roles, greater collaboration, and engagement with stakeholders are most beneficial when initiated before dedicating resources and continuously throughout practice change implementation, maintenance, and sustainment.

Linking Evidence to Action

The authors advocate for interdisciplinary evidence‐based practice consortiums to share lessons learned that may promote success potential and optimize return on invested time and efforts in the same or similar initiatives—in this instance, reducing 30‐day readmissions for HF patients.
Improved Hydrophilicity of Membrane by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Modification
Authors: Chan M. K. , Letchumanan M.
Published: December 2018

Hydrophilic membranes exhibit good flux and low fouling tendency, which are the crucial criteria for a good membrane.  Attempts have been done by researchers over the past decades to enhance the hydrophilicity of membrane by using nanoparticles and grafting. However, these processes are tedious and costly. This study improves the hydrophilicity of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) via simple blending method. Recent study showed that fouled membrane which was cleaned by EDTA exhibited high water flux performance. However, the use of EDTA in formulating a membrane has not been disclosed elsewhere. Thus, the objective of this study is to conduct a series of experiments to find out the role of EDTA in improving the hydrophilicity of CA membranes. Membranes with varying EDTA concentration were prepared via dry-wet phase inversion technique. Contact angle, porosity and water flux of the resultant membranes were determined. Additionally, the morphologies of the membranes were imaged using FESEM. Results showed that EDTA was a good pore former, which can be seen clearly from FESEM images. This explains for the high porosity properties in CA-EDTA membranes.  Membrane with 1 wt% of EDTA showed the highest water flux, which was ~15 L/(h.m2). Meanwhile, no water flux was observed after three hours when pure CA membrane was used in a dead-end filtration cell. In conclusion, EDTA is a promising additive in improving the hydrophilicity of membranes.
Nurse leaders’ experiences of upwards violence in the workplace: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gaudine Alice , Patrick Linda , Busby Lorraine
Published: December 2018

Review question:

What are nurse leaders’ experiences of upwards violence in nursing workplaces?
An Advanced Surge Dynamic Model for Simulating Emergency Shutdown Events and Comparing Different Antisurge Strategies
Authors: Munari Enrico , Morini Mirko , Pinelli Michele , Brun Klaus , Simons Sarah , Kurz Rainer , Moore Jeffrey
Published: December 2018

The compressor surge is a phenomenon which has to be avoided since it implies the deterioration of performance and leads to mechanical damage to the compressor and system components. As a consequence, compression system models have a crucial role in predicting the phenomena which can occur in the compressor and pipelines during operation. In this paper, a dynamic model, developed in the matlab/simulink environment, is further implemented to allow the study of surge events caused by rapid transients, such as emergency shutdown events (ESD). The aim is to validate the model using the experimental data obtained in a single-stage centrifugal compressor installed in the test facility at Southwest Research Institute. The test facility consists of a closed loop system and is characterized by a recycling circuit, and thus a recycling valve, which is opened in case of surge or driver shutdown. Simulations were carried out at 17,800 and 19,800 rpm; the comparison with experimental data showed the accuracy of the model in simulating different opening rates and different sizes of the recycle valve, at both low and high suction pressure (HSP). Moreover, different actions for recovering/preventing surge were simulated by controlling different valves along the piping system and by adding a check valve immediately downstream the compressor. The results demonstrated the fidelity of the model and its capability of simulating piping systems with different configurations and components, also showing, qualitatively, the different effects of some alternative actions which can be taken after surge onset.
Elastic Fiber Fragmentation Increases Transmural Hydraulic Conductance and Solute Transport in Mouse Arteries
Authors: Cocciolone Austin J. , Johnson Elizabeth O. , Shao Jin-Yu , Wagenseil Jessica E.
Published: December 2018

Transmural advective transport of solute and fluid was investigated in mouse carotid arteries with either a genetic knockout of fibulin-5 (Fbln5−/−) or treatment with elastase to determine the influence of a disrupted elastic fiber matrix on wall transport properties. Fibulin-5 is an important director of elastic fiber assembly. Arteries from Fbln5−/− mice have a loose, noncontinuous elastic fiber network and were hypothesized to have reduced resistance to advective transport. Experiments were carried out ex vivo at physiological pressure and axial stretch. Hydraulic conductance (LP) was measured to be 4.99 × 10−6±8.94 × 10−7, 3.18−5±1.13 × 10−5 (p < 0.01), and 3.57 × 10−5 ±1.77 × 10−5 (p < 0.01) mm·s−1·mmHg−1 for wild-type, Fbln5−/−, and elastase-treated carotids, respectively. Solute fluxes of 4, 70, and 150 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran were statistically increased in Fbln5−/− compared to wild-type by a factor of 4, 22, and 3, respectively. Similarly, elastase-treated carotids demonstrated a 27- and 13-fold increase in net solute flux of 70 and 150 kDa FITC-dextran, respectively, compared to untreated carotids, and 4 kDa FITC-dextran was unchanged between these groups. Solute uptake of 4 and 70 kDa FITC-dextran within Fbln5−/− carotids was decreased compared to wild-type for all investigated time points. These changes in transport properties of elastic fiber compromised arteries have important implications for the kinetics of biomolecules and pharmaceuticals in arterial tissue following elastic fiber degradation due to aging or vascular disease.
Sparse Sum-of-Squares Optimization for Model Updating Through Minimization of Modal Dynamic Residuals
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Yang
Published: December 2018

This research investigates the application of sum-of-squares (SOS) optimization method on finite element model updating through minimization of modal dynamic residuals. The modal dynamic residual formulation usually leads to a nonconvex polynomial optimization problem, the global optimality of which cannot be guaranteed by most off-the-shelf optimization solvers. The SOS optimization method can recast a nonconvex polynomial optimization problem into a convex semidefinite programming (SDP) problem. However, the size of the SDP problem can grow very large, sometimes with hundreds of thousands of variables. To improve the computation efficiency, this study exploits the sparsity in SOS optimization to significantly reduce the size of the SDP problem. A numerical example is provided to validate the proposed method.
Identification of the Velocity, Thickness, and Interfacial Roughness of Coating Using Full Time-Domain URCPS: Cross-Correlation-Based Inverse Problem
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Lin Li , Jin Shijie , Lei Mingkai
Published: December 2018

Aiming at characterizing interfacial roughness of thin coatings with unknown sound velocity and thickness, we derive a full time-domain ultrasonic reflection coefficient phase spectrum (URCPS) as a function of interfacial roughness based on the phase screen approximation theory. The constructed URCPS is used to determine the velocity, thickness, and interfacial roughness of specimens through the cross-correlation algorithm. The effect of detection frequency on the roughness measurement is investigated through the finite element method. A series of simulations were implemented on Ni-coating specimens with a thickness of 400 μm and interfacial roughness of 1.9–39.8 μm. Simulation results indicated that the measurement errors of interfacial roughness were less than 10% when the roughness satisfies the relationship of Rq = 1.6–10.0%λ. The measured velocity and thicknesses were in good agreement with those imported in simulation models with less than 9.3% error. Ultrasonic experiments were carried out on two Ni-coating specimens through a flat transducer with an optimized frequency of 15 MHz. Compared with the velocities measured by time-of-flight (TOF) method, the relative errors of inversed velocities were all less than 10%. The inversed thicknesses were in good agreement with those observed by optical microscopy with less than 10.9% and 7.6% error. The averaged interfacial roughness determined by the ultrasonic inversion method was 16.9 μm and 30.7 μm, respectively. The relative errors were 5.1% and 2.0% between ultrasonic and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) method, respectively.
Extreme Wave Generation, Breaking, and Impact Simulations Using Wave Packets in REEF3D
Authors: Bihs Hans , Kamath Arun , Alagan Chella Mayilvahanan , Arntsen Øivind A.
Published: December 2018

On several occasions, freak waves have been observed in the past, some causing severe damage. In order to model such extreme wave conditions, one possibility is to use focused waves of first- or second-order based on irregular sea-state wave spectra. The wave phase is chosen such that the waves focus at a predetermined location and time, but the individual wave components become steep and start breaking before the focus location for large amplitudes. In this study, transient wave packets are used for extreme wave generation. Extreme waves are generated that are higher and only break at the concentration point using the transient wave packets method implemented in the open-source CFD model REEF3D. Model validation is performed by comparison to experimental results. The generation of wave packets with an 8.3 times shorter focus distance is investigated and the wave is replicated in a shorter domain with a 9% higher crest. The method is further used to generate a steepness induced-breaking wave and calculation of extreme wave forces on an offshore structure is demonstrated.
Design of a Novel Electrode of Radiofrequency Ablation for Large Tumors: In Vitro Validation and Evaluation
Authors: Fang Zheng , Moser Micheal A. J. , Zhang Edwin , Zhang Wenjun , Zhang Bing
Published: December 2018

In a prior study, we proposed a novel monopolar expandable electrode (MEE) for use in radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The purpose of our work was to now validate and evaluate this electrode using on in vitro experimental model and computer simulation. Two commercially available RF electrodes (conventional electrode (CE) and umbrella electrode (UE)) were used to compare the ablation results with the novel MEE using an in vitro egg white model and in vivo liver tumor model to verify the efficacy of MEE in the large tumor ablation, respectively. The sharp increase in impedance during RFA procedures was taken as the termination of RFA protocols. In the in vitro egg white experiment, the ablation volume of MEE, CE, and UE was 75.3 ± 1.6 cm3, 2.7 ± 0.4 cm3, and 12.4±1.8 cm3 (P < 0.001), respectively. Correspondingly, the sphericity was 88.1±0.9%, 12.9±1.3%, and 62.0 ± 3.0% (P < 0.001), respectively. A similar result was obtained in the in vitro egg white computer simulation. In the liver tumor computer simulation, the volume and sphericity of ablation zone generated by MEE, CE, and UE were 36.6 cm3 and 93.6%, 3.82 cm3 and 16.9%, and 13.5 cm3 and 56.7%, respectively. In summary, MEE has the potential to achieve complete ablation in the treatment of large tumors (>3 cm in diameter) compared to CE and UE due to the larger electrode–tissue interface and more round shape of hooks.
Compartmentalization of Bioenergetic Substrate Delivery in Intact Cells
Authors: Eckmann David M. , Ranganathan Abhay , Owiredu Shawn , Jang David H.
Published: December 2018

The intracellular production and transport of energetic substrate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by mitochondria is dependent on multiple factors. These include local metabolic demand, mitochondrial motility and intracellular location, mitochondrial intermembrane potential, bioenergy substrate diffusion within the cell cytosol, and energy transport to the cell nucleus, which itself does not contain any mitochondria. Herein, we demonstrate via cell-based experiment and scaling argument that intracellular bioenergy transport is readily compartmentalized into perinuclear and peripheral regions of the cell. We draw on direct fluorescence-based measurement of quantum dot tracking, high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial dynamics, and intermembrane potential to assess intracellular quantum dot diffusion to define the intracellular milieu for small molecule transport, and chemical perturbations which challenge cells by altering bioenergetics states. We identify a heterogeneous environment for intracellular bioenergy transport, with a dominant feature being present: the intracellular bioenergy distribution in response to pharmacologically induced cell challenge is determined to be preservation of perinuclear mitochondrial ATP-linked respiration in order to preserve, maintain, or otherwise support bioenergy delivery to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell nucleus whereas there is a decrement in bioenergetic capacity in the cell periphery. This dynamic effect of motile intracellular bioenergy production yields efficient transport of ATP in the maintenance of cellular health.
Multivariate Graph-Based Analysis on Coefficient of Friction Signal During the Friction Process
Authors: Sun Guodong , Zhu Hua , Lang Shihui , Ding Cong
Published: December 2018

To describe the dynamic evolutionary law and tribological behavior of the tribopair AISI 52100-AISI 1045, rotational experiments were conducted by sliding a disk against a static pin. The multidimensional phase spaces were reconstructed based on the scalar time-series by the time-delay embedding technique, and the multivariate graph-based method was used to visualize the overall picture of the phase space. The evolution of radar plots and the corresponding multivariate graph centrobaric trajectory (MGCT) is consistent with the description of “running-in, steady-state and increasing friction stages,” and can serve as effective indicators for the friction state transitions. Results show that the radar plot can inform quantitative interpretations of friction process identification. Therefore, the multivariate graph-based method is a useful approach to characterize the nonlinear dynamics of tribological behaviors.
Rotor Balancing Via an Enhanced Automatic Dynamic Balancer With Inductively Coupled Shunt Circuit
Authors: Su Xiaowen , DeSmidt Hans A.
Published: December 2018

Despite the elegant nature of the automatic balancing principle for passive imbalance vibration control, the co-existence of undesired whirling limit-cycles is a major impediment to the more widespread application of automatic dynamic balancing devices also called automatic dynamic balancer (ADB) in industry. To enlarge the region of stable perfect balancing and to eliminate whirling limit-cycles, we develop an innovative enhanced ADB system. This new idea harnesses the automatic balancing principle via moving permanent magnet balancer masses which are inductively coupled to a parallel resistor–inductor–capacitor (RLC) circuit. It is found that the circuit parameters can be adjusted properly to suppress the whirling limit-cycle to enlarge the perfect balancing region. We start from a Lagrangian description of the system and get nonlinear autonomous equations-of-motion. We then solve two dominant steady-state solutions for the enhanced ADB system. One solution is for the perfect balancing equilibrium points (EPs), which can be solved analytically. While the other solution is for the whirling limit-cycle which is solved via a harmonic balance method. The stability of these solutions is then evaluated through eigenvalue analysis and Floquet theory. The newly involved electrical parameters, such as coupling coefficient, equivalent capacitance, and equivalent resistance, are designed via an arc-length continuation method to destabilize the limit-cycle solutions to then guarantee stable rotor balancing.
Print to Podium: Exploring Media Coverage of 2016 Olympic Athletes’ Perceptions About the Zika Virus
Authors: Kastrinos Amanda , Damiani Rachel , Treise Debbie
Published: December 2018

The 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, thrust potential Olympians into the midst of the unprecedented outbreak of the Zika virus. Because parasocial interaction theory purports that athletes can have tremendous influence on fans’ attitudes and behavior, particularly in the context of public health, it is important to understand how media framed athletes’ response to their risk of contracting Zika at the Games and the possibility of a global epidemic. To understand how athletes’ safety concerns were portrayed by news outlets, the authors conducted a framing analysis of articles reporting on the intersection of the Olympics and Zika published inThe New York Times,Los Angeles Times,Wall Street Journal, andWashington Postbetween January and November of 2016. This analysis revealed that media employed three main frames in their coverage of athletes: Athletes perceived the risk of Zika as small compared with potential Olympic glory, the decision to participate in the Games is an athletes’ personal choice between family and career, and athletes used Zika concerns as a convenient excuse to pull out of a troubled Games. The combination of these frames painted a contradictory portrait of athletes’ risk perception, both emphasizing and downplaying the threat of contracting the virus at the Games and an ensuing worldwide outbreak. These conflicting athlete narratives could have created uncertainty regarding the actual safety risk of the Zika virus and the Olympic Games for the fans who admire the athletes.
ERAD suppresses the starvation response
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: December 2018

Endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein degradation suppresses the production of the fasting-associated hepatokine Fgf21.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel
Serratia
sp. Strain with Antifungal Activity
Authors: Dichmann Søs I. , Park Byeonghyeok , Pathiraja Duleepa , Choi In-Geol , Stougaard Peter , Hennessy Rosanna C.
Published: December 2018

This report describes the draft genome sequence of
Serratia
sp. strain S40, isolated from potato; it contains 5,383,735 bp and a G+C content of 55.9% and harbors 4,875 predicted coding sequences across 29 contigs.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium, “
Desulfofundulus salinum
” 435
T
, Isolated from a High-Temperature Gas Field in Russia
Authors: Grouzdev Denis S. , Bidzhieva Salimat K. , Tourova Tatiyana P. , Krutkina Maria S. , Poltaraus Andrey B. , Nazina Tamara N.
Published: December 2018

The draft genome sequence of the thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium “
Desulfofundulus salinum
” strain 435
T
, isolated from condensate water of the Igrim high-temperature gas field (Western Siberia, Russia), is presented here. The genome is annotated to elucidate the taxonomic position of strain 435
T
.
Complete Genomic Sequences of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses Obtained Directly from Human Autopsy Specimens
Authors: Sangsiriwut Kantima , Uiprasertkul Mongkol , Payungporn Sunchai , Auewarakul Prasert , Ungchusak Kumnuan , Chantratita Wasan , Puthavathana Pilaipan
Published: December 2018

The complete genomic sequences of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were directly obtained from lung, trachea, and colon tissues and an intestinal fecal sample of a patient by using the next-generation sequencing technique. This is the first report on complete H5N1 viral genomes from human autopsy specimens.