bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecotoxicological evaluation of surface waters in Northern Namibia
Authors: Faulstich L , Wollenweber S , Reinhardt-Imjela Ch , Arendt R , Schulte A , Hollert H , Schiwy S
Published: April 2024

The increasing pressure on freshwater systems due to intensive anthropogenic use is a big challenge in central-northern Namibia and its catchment areas, the Kunene and the Kavango Rivers, and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, that provide water for more than 1 million people. So far, there is no comprehensive knowledge about the ecological status and only few knowledge about the water quality. Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the state of the ecosystem and the ecological effects of pollutants to ensure the safe use of these resources. The surface waters of the three systems were sampled, and three bioassays were applied on three trophic levels: algae, daphnia, and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to analyze mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation), dioxin-like potential (micro-EROD), and estrogenicity (YES) by mechanism-specific effects. The results show that acute toxicity to fish embryos and daphnia has mainly been detected at all sites in the three catchment areas. The systems differ significantly from each other, with the sites in the Iishana system showing the highest acute toxicity. At the cellular level, only weak effects were identified, although these were stronger in the Iishana system than in the two perennial systems. Algae growth was not inhibited, and no cytotoxic effects could be detected in any of the samples. Mutagenic effects and an estrogenic potential were detected at three sites in the Iishana system. These findings are critical in water resource management as the effects can adversely impact the health of aquatic ecosystems and the organisms within them.
Explanation versus Understanding: On Two Roles of Dynamical Systems Theory in Extended Cognition Research
Authors: Kuś Katarzyna , Wójtowicz Krzysztof
Published: April 2024

It is widely believed that mathematics carries a substantial part of the explanatory burden in science. However, mathematics can also play important heuristic roles of a different kind, being a source of new ideas and approaches, allowing us to build toy models, enhancing expressive power and providing fruitful conceptualizations. In this paper, we focus on the application of dynamical systems theory (DST) within the extended cognition (EC) field of cognitive science, considering this case study to be a good illustration of a general phenomenon. In the paper, we justify both a negative and a positive claim. The negative claim is that dynamical systems theory hardly plays any explanatory role in EC research. We justify our claim by analyzing several accounts of the explanatory role of mathematics and stressing the way mathematical arguments are used in explanations. Our positive claim is that even though, for now, DST has no explanatory power in many of the EC approaches, it still plays an important heuristic role there. In particular, using mathematical notions improves the expressive power of the language and gives a sense of understanding of the phenomena under investigation. The case study of EC allows us to identify and analyze this important role of mathematics, which seems to be neglected in contemporary discussions.
Assessment of Atmospheric and Surface Energy Budgets Using Observation-Based Data Products
Authors: Mayer Michael , Kato Seiji , Bosilovich Michael , Bechtold Peter , Mayer Johannes , Schröder Marc , Behrangi Ali , Wild Martin , Kobayashi Shinya , Li Zhujun , L’Ecuyer Tristan
Published: April 2024

Accurate diagnosis of regional atmospheric and surface energy budgets is critical for understanding the spatial distribution of heat uptake associated with the Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI). This contribution discusses frameworks and methods for consistent evaluation of key quantities of those budgets using observationally constrained data sets. It thereby touches upon assumptions made in data products which have implications for these evaluations. We evaluate 2001–2020 average regional total (TE) and dry static energy (DSE) budgets using satellite-based and reanalysis data. For the first time, a consistent framework is applied to the ensemble of the 5th generation European Reanalysis (ERA5), version 2 of modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2), and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA55). Uncertainties of the computed budgets are assessed through inter-product spread and evaluation of physical constraints. Furthermore, we use the TE budget to infer fields of net surface energy flux. Results indicate biases < 1 W/m2 on the global, < 5 W/m2 on the continental, and ~ 15 W/m2 on the regional scale. Inferred net surface energy fluxes exhibit reduced large-scale biases compared to surface flux data based on remote sensing and models. We use the DSE budget to infer atmospheric diabatic heating from condensational processes. Comparison to observation-based precipitation data indicates larger uncertainties (10–15 Wm−2 globally) in the DSE budget compared to the TE budget, which is reflected by increased spread in reanalysis-based fields. Continued validation efforts of atmospheric energy budgets are needed to document progress in new and upcoming observational products, and to understand their limitations when performing EEI research.
Revealing Ghana’s unique fonio genetic diversity: leveraging farmers knowledge for sustainable conservation and breeding strategies
Authors: Agyare Richard Yaw , Kaczmarek Thomas , Leclerc Christian , Puozaa Doris Kanvena , Tengey Theophilus Kwabla , Bonsu Samuel Kwame , Kombiok James Mantent , Causse Sandrine , Guillerminet Theo , Kena Alexander Wireko , Adjebeng-Danquah Joseph , Barnaud Adeline , Billot Claire , Akromah Richard
Published: April 2024

Genetic diversity analysis is pivotal for optimizing the use of genetic resources and deploying conservation strategies in the face of global changes. This is important for essential indigenous species often neglected by research. This research was carried out to examine the pattern of genetic diversity and structure among fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) accessions in Ghana. Following farmer surveys and collection efforts in key fonio-growing regions of Ghana, we amassed a comprehensive collection of 176 fonio accessions from 165 farmers across 24 communities. Farmer surveys identified 21 distinct cultivars cultivated predominantly for home consumption, averaging six cultivars per ethnic group. Out of the 176 accessions, 140 underwent genotyping using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) nuclear markers which revealed greater diversity within cultivars (58.5%) compared to between cultivars (16.8%) following molecular variance analysis. The organizational pattern of fonio genetic diversity was significantly influenced by farmer-specific cultivars, emphasizing the role farmers play in long-term preservation of fonio genetic diversity. Future strategies for the management, conservation, and utilization of fonio genetic resources in Ghana should incorporate traditional farming practices. Our findings further revealed the uniqueness of Ghanaian fonio genetic diversity, despite a smaller cultivation area compared to the global diversity. This shows the contribution of the interaction between the crop, environment and societal factors to the distinct genetic makeup observed in the Ghanaian fonio population. The observed genetic diversity can be exploited to identify and select genetically distinct individuals to develop tailored product profiles within fonio breeding programs for diverse market segments.
Species-specific trophic discrimination factors can reduce the uncertainty of stable isotope analyses
Authors: Veselý Lukáš , Balzani Paride , Haubrock Phillip J. , Buřič Miloš , Glon Mael , Ercoli Fabio , Ruokonen Timo J. , Kainz Martin J. , Hämäläinen Heikki , Kouba Antonín
Published: April 2024

Stable isotope analysis has been broadly used to study food webs, but often relies on inaccurate assumptions of trophic isotopic discriminations, which could lead to misinterpretation of obtained results. While many taxa exhibit similar trophic discrimination factors (TDFs), crayfish, exhibit omnivorous feeding strategies, yet TDFs are missing. In this study, we determined TDFs and tissue biokinetic parameters of the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis as a model species. Moreover, we compared commonly used TDFs and those determined from this study and applied them across species and ecosystems as a first attempt to compare the effect of species-specific TDFs in Bayesian trophic mixing models. Our results revealed differences between the TDFs of different tissues and biokinetic parameters of crayfish. Our result also revealed TDFs differences between crayfish relying mostly on plants versus those relying on an animal diet. We found differences of TDF suitability among species and ecosystems, highlighting the need for specific TDFs for different crayfish species. This study improves our understanding and the need for species-calibrated TDFs for robust statistical analysis of stable isotope data. Our approach is widely applicable across taxa and ecosystems to reduce the bias introduced by using unspecific TDFs in Bayesian mixing models.
Conceptual Injustice
Authors: Bastian Lisa
Published: April 2024

In recent years, there has been significant interest in injustices that do not consist in inflicting physical or material harm on others, but operate in more subtle ways, e.g. by targeting our status as epistemic agents. In a similar fashion, this paper aims to bring to the forefront a currently overlooked kind of injustice that occurs in relation to our concepts: conceptual injustice, which is characterised by wrongful in- or exclusion from the application of a concept. The first part of the paper is concerned with spelling out the notion, discussing its characteristic wrongs, and with tracing it in a number of examples. In the second part, I discuss conceptual injustice in relation to connected but different forms of injustice, such as epistemic injustice. This highlights the advantages of having the notion on hand: it enhances our understanding of other forms of injustice like hermeneutical injustice, and allows us to capture a ‘remainder of injustice’ for which we could not account otherwise.
Self-Perceived Interpersonal Problems Among Long-Term Unemployed Individuals, and Vocational Rehabilitation Programs (In)ability to Change Them
Authors: Mau Martin , Roessler Kirsten K. , Andersen Lotte N. , Vang Maria L.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Self-perceived interpersonal problems can challenge one’s access to the work market, making it harder to attain and keep a job while adding to the distress of being outside of the labor market.

Methods

In this study, we compared the self-perceived interpersonal problems among long-term unemployed individuals taking part in vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) (N = 220) with those of the general population. In addition, we examined whether their self-perceived interpersonal problems changed while taking part in the VRPs.

Results

We found that participants report significantly higher levels of self-perceived interpersonal problems as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), especially with regard to feeling cold/distanced, socially inhibited, vindictive/self-centered, and non-assertive. The participants did not report a significant decrease in self-perceived interpersonal problems after being part of VRPs for one year.

Conclusion

These results are relevant as they may inform interventions targeted this population aimed at increasing employability and/or individual well-being. Importantly, the findings may be viewed as a reflection of both social and individual processes. Long-term unemployed individuals’ tendency to feel insufficiently engaged may reflect difficulty with keeping up with a job market in constant change.
The engaged university delivering social innovation
Authors: Burke M. Kathleen , Pugh Rhiannon , Soetanto Danny , Owusu-Kwarteng Afua , Jack Sarah L.
Published: April 2024

This paper examines a programme initiated and managed by an entrepreneurial university in the United Kingdom (UK), aiming to foster the circular water economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our focus is on transitioning from conventional models of the entrepreneurial university to innovative forms of knowledge exchange that prioritise social innovation and sustainable development, as per the “engaged university”. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we find that three interrelated levels of engagement—engaging individuals, engaging organisations and engaging communities—are essential for universities delivering the third mission of societal impact. Employing the established framework developed by Hughes et al. (in: Knowledge exchange between the arts and humanities and the private, public and third sectors, Arts & Humanities Research Council, Cambridge, 2011) to examine university activities, we expose the social innovation underpinning people-based, problem-solving and community-based activities. In the context of the third mission, social innovation involves bringing individuals, organisations and communities together through supporting entrepreneurship, collaboration and mutual learning capacities both within and beyond the university setting. The mechanisms driving university engagement are thus a process of multilevel social innovation, relying on support from individual researchers, project leaders, partner institutions and local end-user communities. Adopting a multilevel perspective allows us to identify the distinct mechanisms of engaged universities, which transcend those of other university models in the realm of social innovation. We argue that the engaged university model extends understanding of how supports for social innovation can connect and create networks to tackle global challenges.
AttentionPoolMobileNeXt: An automated construction damage detection model based on a new convolutional neural network and deep feature engineering models
Authors: Aydin Mehmet , Barua Prabal Datta , Chadalavada Sreenivasulu , Dogan Sengul , Tuncer Turker , Chakraborty Subrata , Acharya Rajendra U.
Published: April 2024

In 2023, Turkiye faced a series of devastating earthquakes and these earthquakes affected millions of people due to damaged constructions. These earthquakes demonstrated the urgent need for advanced automated damage detection models to help people. This study introduces a novel solution to address this challenge through the AttentionPoolMobileNeXt model, derived from a modified MobileNetV2 architecture. To rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of the model, we meticulously curated a dataset comprising instances of construction damage classified into five distinct classes. Upon applying this dataset to the AttentionPoolMobileNeXt model, we obtained an accuracy of 97%. In this work, we have created a dataset consisting of five distinct damage classes, and achieved 97% test accuracy using our proposed AttentionPoolMobileNeXt model. Additionally, the study extends its impact by introducing the AttentionPoolMobileNeXt-based Deep Feature Engineering (DFE) model, further enhancing the classification performance and interpretability of the system. The presented DFE significantly increased the test classification accuracy from 90.17% to 97%, yielding improvement over the baseline model. AttentionPoolMobileNeXt and its DFE counterpart collectively contribute to advancing the state-of-the-art in automated damage detection, offering valuable insights for disaster response and recovery efforts.
Probabilistic modeling of dam failure scenarios: a case study of Kanlikoy Dam in Cyprus
Authors: Turkel A. O. , Zaifoglu Hasan , Yanmaz A. M.
Published: April 2024

One of the most perilous natural hazards is flooding resulting from dam failure, which can devastate downstream infrastructure and lead to significant human casualties. In recent years, the frequency of flash floods in the northern part of Nicosia, Cyprus, has increased. This area faces increased risk as it lies downstream of the Kanlikoy Dam, an aging earth-fill dam constructed over 70 years ago. In this study, we aim to assess potential flood hazards stemming from three distinct failure scenarios: piping, 100-year rainfall, and probable maximum precipitation (PMP). To achieve this, HEC-HMS hydrologic model findings were integrated into 2D HEC-RAS hydraulic models to simulate flood hydrographs and generate flood inundation and hazard maps. For each scenario, Monte Carlo simulations using McBreach software produced four hydrographs corresponding to exceedance probabilities of 90%, 50%, 10%, and 1%. The results indicate that all dam breach scenarios pose a significant threat to agricultural and residential areas, leading to the destruction of numerous buildings, roads, and infrastructures. Particularly, Scenario 3, which includes PMP, was identified as the most destructive, resulting in prevailing flood hazard levels of H5 and H6 in the inundated areas. The proportion of inundated areas in these high hazard levels varied between 52.8% and 57.4%, with the number of vulnerable structures increasing from 248 to 321 for exceedance probabilities of 90% and 1%, respectively. Additionally, the number of flooded buildings ranged from 842 to 935, and 26 to 34 km of roads were found to be inundated in this scenario. These findings revealed the need for authorities to develop comprehensive evacuation plans and establish an efficient warning system to mitigate the flood risks associated with dam failure.
Quantum otto machine in Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model with magnetic field and a symmetric cross interaction
Authors: Abd-Rabbou M. Y. , Khalil E. M. , Al-Awfi Saud
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the quantum heat correlations associated with the quantum Otto machine, considering the discrete sides of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model as the working medium in the presence of a magnetic field and a symmetric cross interaction. The eigenenergy and occupation probabilities of two-sided and three-sided spin interactions are determined at thermal equilibrium. The results reveal symmetrical heat correlations around the coupling of the symmetric cross interaction, regardless of whether the working medium adopts anisotropic XY, Ising model, or mixed ferromagnetism. The work done by two or three sides of the mixed ferromagnetic working substance exhibits symmetry but with different maximum bounds. Furthermore, the efficiency of the two-sided mixed ferromagnetism model improves as the exchange parameter increases, while the maximum efficiency of the anisotropic XY model is lower compared to the efficiency of the Ising model and mixed ferromagnetism. It is also highlighted that a quantum heat engine or refrigerator can be generated by controlling the system’s anisotropy parameter using a three-sided spin interaction.
Juniper (Juniperus virginiana) encroachment into grassland results in increased trace-element inputs
Authors: Primka Edward J. , Chen Shujun , Wan Lingyun , Du Daolin , Zhang Hailin , Will Rodney , Zou Chris B.
Published: April 2024

Background and aims

Woody plant encroachment poses a significant threat to grasslands globally, and in the southcentral USA, juniper (Juniperus virginiana) is rapidly taking over large areas of grasslands. Despite ongoing research, the reasons behind the rapid encroachment of juniper species in Oklahoma remain elusive. We hypothesized that the interaction between juniper canopy, aeolian, and wet-deposition processes lead to a modification in trace-element inputs through stemflow and throughfall. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in determining the success of juniper encroachment.

Methods

We measured the influx of trace-elements in stemflow and throughfall beneath juniper canopies of different sizes, contrasting the results with those obtained under ambient precipitation.

Results

Our research unveiled a significant influence of the juniper canopy on trace-element inputs via stemflow and throughfall. Specifically, there was a significant increase in manganese, boron, and chlorine inputs, coupled with a decrease in copper inputs. Additionally, there was an increase in most cations and sulfate.

Results

Our results indicate that juniper encroachment alters the profile of trace-element, cation, and anion inputs beneath their canopies. Increased levels of manganese and reduction of copper inputs into the ecosystem may enhance the juniper growth, creating a positive feedback mechanism that could contribute to the success of juniper and other woody encroachers.
Is there gender bias in awarding cum laude for the PhD thesis?
Authors: van den Besselaar Peter , Mom Charlie
Published: April 2024

In the Dutch academic system, PhD theses can be awarded with cum laude and at most 5% of all PhD graduates receive this selective distinction for their thesis. In this paper, we investigate whether there is gender bias in awarding cum laude, using data from one of the major Dutch research universities. We measure the quality of the PhD theses using bibliometric data. A main result is that the set of PhD theses receiving cum laude on average do not have a higher quality than the best theses not getting cum laude. A second main result is that, after controlling for the quality of the PhD theses, women still have a substantially lower probability to receive cum laude. These results strongly suggest that the distribution of awards suffers from gender bias, and the study creates a strong doubt about the adequacy of the procedures leading to cum laude for the PhD thesis.
The Language Issue in Law. A Recollection of Rodolfo Sacco Contribution to Interpretation
Authors: Ferreri Silvia
Published: April 2024

A certain parallelism between the study of language and comparison in law is detected. Sacco often referred to studies in linguistics. Some references are more obvious while the quotation of Stalin's considerations in the area of language may be more unexpected. The development and adaptation of legal rules to society's evolution are compared with the changes occurring in language: often unpredictable and difficult to govern, indicating some independence of certain cultural expressions from political or economic directives.
Proving Domestic Violence as Gender Structural Discrimination before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Sękowska-Kozłowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

Since Opuz v. Turkey (2009), the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) delivered over a dozen judgments in which it examined domestic violence through the prism of gender-based discrimination. Apart from the individual circumstances of the cases, the Court considered the general approach to domestic violence in the defendant states, searching for a large-scale structural gender bias. Hence, although the Court has not directly referred to the notion of “structural discrimination” in relation to domestic violence, it engaged in unveiling this problem within the state parties. Building on the case law of the Court, the article presents and systemizes information that may prove structural gender discrimination in domestic violence cases. It navigates potential applicants through the Court’s interpretation and indicates arguments and sources that may support their claims. In particular, it discusses what kind of data and information may demonstrate the general, discriminatory attitude of the authorities towards domestic violence and what sources the applicants may use while seeking the evidence.
Alternative hosts of Leishmania infantum: a neglected parasite in Europe
Authors: Tsakmakidis Ioannis , Lefkaditis Menelaos , Zaralis Konstantinos , Arsenos Georgios
Published: April 2024

Multi-host pathogens that infect various animal species and humans are considered of great importance for public and animal health. Leishmania spp. parasites are a characteristic example of such pathogens. Although leishmaniosis in humans is endemic for about 100 countries around the world it is classified as a neglected tropical disease. There are three main forms of leishmaniosis in humans: cutaneous (CL), visceral (VL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniosis (MCL). Each year, about 30,000 new cases of VL and more than 1 million new cases of CL are recorded. In Europe L. infantum is the dominant species with dogs being reservoir hosts. Apart from dogs, infection has been recorded in various animals, which suggests that other species could play a role in the maintenance of the parasite in nature. Herein we provide an in-depth review of the literature with respect to studies that deal with Leishmania infantum infections in domestic and wild animal species in Europe. Given the fact that domesticated and wild animals could contribute to the incidences of leishmaniosis in humans, the aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review which could potentially be used for the development of measures when it comes to the control of the Leishmania infantum parasite.
The impact of interpersonal perceptions on the process of dealing with errors while providing and processing peer-feedback on writing
Authors: Aben Jochem E. J. , Lara Mayra Mascareño , Timmermans Anneke C. , Dingyloudi Filitsa , Strijbos Jan-Willem
Published: April 2024

Because of the improvement-oriented nature of peer-feedback activities, students have to deal with errors (e.g., spelling and argumentation errors) when providing and processing peer-feedback on writing assignments. Despite the central role of errors in feedback activities, it is uncertain how students deal with errors and whether the dealing with errors is affected by interpersonal perceptions. Therefore, this study explores (1) whether cognitive sub-phases are distinguishable during the process of dealing with errors and (2) the extent to which dealing with errors is affected by interpersonal perceptions. Six dyads of Dutch 11th grade students provided and processed peer-feedback on argumentative texts while thinking-aloud, and they reflected on the processes in a post-interview. The think-aloud utterances and interviews were analyzed with a mixed-methods design, using quantitative content analyses, and qualitative thematic analyses. The dealing with errors during peer-feedback provision displayed two patterns: error identification either occurred simultaneously with the decoding and often any evaluation-related thoughts lacked, or error-identification occurred as a result of an interpreting/evaluating phase. Also during peer-feedback processing, two main patterns were observable: students either knew immediately whether they agreed with feedback, or they first had to study the feedback more thoroughly. Additionally, interpersonal perceptions seemed to affect most students implicitly during feedback provision, and most students explicitly during feedback processing. As such, this study provides empirical evidence for the existence of cognitive sub-phases in the process of dealing with errors during peer-feedback activities, and portrays how these activities may be affected by interpersonal perceptions.
Fostering noticing of classroom discussion features through analysis of contrasting cases
Authors: Blair Kristen P. , Banes Leslie C. , Martin Lee
Published: April 2024

Productive classroom discussion has been shown to support student learning across academic domains. Facilitating successful discussion hinges on the teacher’s ability to make adept in-the-moment observations of various aspects of student talk and classroom dynamics. In two studies, we explore a pedagogical intervention using contrasting cases to support novice teachers in learning to notice key features of classroom discussion. Study 1 involves preservice teachers in a bilingual teaching methods course in a university-based credential program. Study 2 involves undergraduates in an education psychology course, many of whom are prospective teachers. Study participants engaged in analyzing transcript-based contrasting cases of discussion vignettes as they collaboratively developed guiding principles for effective class discussion. Data include pre- and post-instruction video noticing task reflections, principles identified, and transcribed partner discussions during the activity. Post-instruction, learners displayed increased student-centered noticing when watching videos of classroom discussions. Additionally, there was increased awareness of the absence of productive features or missed opportunities within the discourse. In this proof-of-concept set of studies, we explore the potential of contrasting cases-based activities to help prepare teachers for the complex task of orchestrating discussion by supporting them in learning to notice.
Pathological findings in South American camelids presented at a farm animal clinic in Northern Germany (2005–2021)
Authors: Neubert Saskia , Puff Christina , Kleinschmidt Sven , Kammeyer Patricia , von Altrock Alexandra , Wendt Michael , Wagener Matthias Gerhard
Published: April 2024

To expand the knowledge about common diseases in llamas and alpacas in Germany, a screening of the cases of South American camelids presented at the Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany from 2005 to the end of November 2021 was performed. A retrospective evaluation of necropsy reports from this period was conducted. Overall, necropsy reports were evaluated from 187 alpacas, 35 llamas and one vicuña (n = 223). A total of 50.2% of the dissected animals were thin or cachectic. Pathological alterations of the gastrointestinal tract were the most common findings (44.8%). In addition, liver changes were recorded, most frequently in adult animals. In contrast, diseases of the respiratory tract and the nervous system were found more frequently in juvenile animals. This study provides an overview of common pathologies in South American camelids in Germany and thus may help to recognise different disease symptoms at an early stage.
How does active yeast supplementation reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxins in Wistar rats? A radiolabeled assay and histopathological study
Authors: Sica Pietro , Domingues Maria Antonia , Mota Layna Amorim , Pinto Alana Uchôa , Baptista Ana Angelita Sampaio , Horii Jorge , Abdalla Adibe Luiz , Baptista Antonio Sampaio
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)control the toxic effects of aflatoxins, which are not yet fully understood. Radiolabeled aflatoxin B1(AFB13H) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats fed with aflatoxin (AflDiet) and aflatoxin supplemented with active dehydrated yeast Y904 (AflDiet + Yeast). The distribution of AFB13H and its metabolites were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h by tracking back of the radioactivity. No significant differences were observed between the AflDiet and AflDiet + Yeast groups in terms of the distribution of labeled aflatoxin. At 72 h, for the AflDiet group the radiolabeled aflatoxin was distributed as following: feces (79.5%), carcass (10.5%), urine (1.7%), and intestine (7.4%); in the AflDiet + Yeast the following distribution was observed: feces (76%), carcass (15%), urine (2.9%), and intestine (4.9%). These values were below 1% in other organs. These findings indicate that even after 72 h considerable amounts of aflatoxins remains in the intestines, which may play a significant role in the distribution and metabolism of aflatoxins and its metabolites over time. The presence of yeast may not significantly affect this process. Furthermore, histopathological examination of hepatic tissues showed that the presence of active yeast reduced the severity of liver damage caused by aflatoxins, indicating that yeasts control aflatoxin damage through biochemical mechanisms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of yeasts against aflatoxin toxicity.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of Morphological Change during a Co-invading Assemblage of Lizards in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Phillips John G. , Hagey Travis J. , Hagemann Molly , Gering Eben
Published: April 2024

Phenotypic change plays diverse roles in species’ colonization, but most invasion studies target single species. To compare ecomorphological changes among co-invading species with overlapping niches, we examined three lizards on the island of O‘ahu (Anolis carolinensis, A. sagrei, Phelsuma laticauda). Using specimens from three decades of unfolding invasions obtained through museum collections and contemporary field work, we quantified shifts in three traits: snout vent length (SVL), forelimb-, and hindlimb-length (limb lengths relative to SVL). We hypothesized that competition among these three species has led to ecological shifts that will be detectable through morphological change. Overall, we found that unique patterns of phenotypic change were both species-specific and sex-specific within species: (1) male A. sagrei, female A. carolinensis, and male P. laticauda increased in SVL and (2) relative hindlimb length increased in female A. carolinensis since the 1980s. The observed changes involve traits that may be consequential to invasion dynamics. This study illustrates how museum- and field-based research can be integrated to document nuanced temporal patterns in the phenotypes of co-invading species that share similar niches in native ranges, raising questions about the underlying process(es) driving species- and sex-specific change in co-invaded systems.
Three-dimensional Versus Two-dimensional Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Peltrini Roberto , Esposito Maria Danila , Pacella Daniela , Calabrese Pietro , Vitiello Antonio , Pilone Vincenzo
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy has several advantages in gastrointestinal surgery. This systematic review determined whether similar benefits exist for bariatric surgical procedures by systematically searching the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Six studies including 629 patients who underwent 2D (386) and 3D (243) laparoscopic bariatric surgeries were selected. Operative time was significantly shorter in patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic gastric bypass (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22-0.15). Similarly, a shorter hospital stay was detected both during sleeve gastrectomy (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.70-0.13) and gastric bypass (SMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.64-0.14) with 3D laparoscopy. The study showed the potential benefit of 3D imaging in preventing intra- and postoperative complications. Despite the limited evidence, surgeons may benefit from 3D laparoscopy during bariatric surgery.
Opioids-Induced Long QT Syndrome: A Challenge to Cardiac Health
Authors: Hu Jiale , Song Yongfei , Huang Xiaoyan , Li Chongrong , Jin Xiaojun , Cen Lichao , Zhang Chuanjin , Ding Beilei , Lian Jiangfang
Published: April 2024

The challenge posed by opioid overdose has become a significant concern for health systems due to the complexities associated with drug prohibition, widespread clinical use, and potential abuse. In response, healthcare professionals have primarily concentrated on mitigating the hallucinogenic and respiratory depressant consequences of opioid overdose to minimize associated risks. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that most opioids possess the capacity to prolong the QT interval, particularly in cases of overdose, thereby potentially resulting in severe ventricular arrhythmias and even sudden death if timely intervention is not implemented. Consequently, alongside addressing the typical adverse effects of opioids, it is imperative to consider their cardiotoxicity. To enhance comprehension of the correlation between opioids and arrhythmias, identify potential targets for prompt intervention, and mitigate the hazards associated with clinical utilization, an exploration of the interaction between drugs and ion channels, as well as their underlying mechanisms, becomes indispensable. This review primarily concentrates on elucidating the impact of opioid drugs on diverse ion channels, investigating recent advancements in this domain, and attaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the prolongation of the QT interval by opioid drugs, along with potential interventions.
Transactivator of Transcription (Tat)-Induced Neuroinflammation as a Key Pathway in Neuronal Dysfunction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Muvenda Tshengedzeni , Williams Aurelia A. , Williams Monray Edward
Published: April 2024

The activity of HIV-1 and its viral proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for a wide array of neuropathological effects, resulting in a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits defined as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Amongst the various viral proteins, the transactivator of transcription (Tat) remains detectable even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppressed viremia, highlighting the significance of this protein in the modern ART era. Tat has been extensively researched in both fundamental and clinical settings due to its role in neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and neurocognitive impairment amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV). To date, numerous fundamental studies have explored Tat-induced neuroinflammation. However, there is no clear consensus on the most frequently studied inflammatory markers or the consistency in the levels of these Tat-induced inflammatory marker levels across different studies. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of studies investigating Tat-induced neuroinflammation. We conducted searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using a search protocol tailored specifically to adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. From the 22 included studies, findings suggest that the HIV-1 Tat protein amplifies levels of neuroinflammatory markers. Amongst the vast array of inflammatory markers explored in the included studies, consistent results point to higher levels of CCL2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in primary cells and cell lines exposed to or transfected with HIV-1 Tat. These markers are regulated by key inflammatory pathways, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, the p38 MAPK pathway, and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). Furthermore, Tat has been shown to induce neuronal apoptosis, both directly and indirectly. With regards to study designs, utilizing full-length Tat101 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 ng/ml and durations of 24 and 48 h appears optimal for investigating Tat-induced neuroinflammation. In this context, we highlight specific inflammatory markers and pathways that are potentially pivotal in Tat-induced neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal damage. A deeper investigation into these markers and pathways is crucial to better understand their roles in the development of HAND.
„mindmittens“
Authors: Albrecht Nadine , Tietjens Maike
Published: April 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die Entwicklung der bewegungsunterstützenden, psychosozialen Intervention „mindmittens“ im Boxsport für Mädchen und junge Frauen mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept. Auf der Basis von Selbstkonzepttheorien und der Self-Determination-Theory findet die Entwicklung einer theoriegestützten Intervention in Anlehnung an das Intervention Mapping statt. Die Intervention wurde im Rahmen eines Kontrollgruppen-prä-post-Designs mit n = 21 für die Interventionsgruppe (MAlter = 15,38) und n = 20 für die Kontrollgruppe (MAlter = 15,15) pilotiert und evaluiert. Die Probandinnen füllten zu beiden Messzeitpunkten das Physical Self-Inventory und die Multidimensionale Selbstwertskala aus. Zudem beantwortete die Interventionsgruppe einen Fragebogen für eine formative Evaluation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich der zu erwartende Anstieg des Selbstkonzepts der Probandinnen nach Teilnahme an der Intervention in Teilen bestätigt. Das physische Selbstkonzept der Interventionsgruppe nähert sich dem der Kontrollgruppe an (PSI-S‑R Gesamtskala: F (1, 39) = 5,352; p = 0,026; η2 = 0,121; Physischer Selbstwert: F (1, 39) = 5,069; p = 0,030; η2 = 0,115; Physische Stärke: F (1, 39) = 7,459; p = 0,009; η2 = 0,161). Eine signifikante Veränderung des globalen Selbstkonzepts oder des Selbstwerts zeigt sich nicht. Die formative Evaluation ergibt, dass der überwiegende Teil der Teilnehmerinnen alle Bereiche von Verständlichkeit bis zukünftige Anwendung der Übungen positiv bewertet.
Unleashing the association between technical efficiency of agro- processing industry and economic growth: A pathway towards development sustainability
Authors: Nguyen-Thi-Thuy Linh , Ngo-Tuan Nghia , To-The Nguyen , Hoang-Duc Chinh , Nguyen-Thu Hang , Dao-Viet Anh , Do-Hoang Phuong , Nguyen-Thi-Lan Huong
Published: April 2024

Under the influence of market rules, state intervention in development process is obviously necessary, especially in the context of emerging countries with an incomplete and non-mordern market economy toward the global race of sustainability. Applying 2590 enterprises covering 63 provinces and cities in the General Statistics Office, this study aims to evaluate the influence of state on the technical efficiency of enterprises. A fractional regression analysis model is employed purposefully since the technical efficiency of the dependent variable is an estimated randomly variable. The research findings unequivocally indicate a substantial influence of the state on the technical efficiency of livestock product processing companies. Moreover, when studying each specific aspect in isolation to gauge the role of the state, a discernible negative impact is evident on the technical efficiency of these enterprises. Consequently, this study implies that for tangilbe improvements in the technical efficiency of enterprises, the state should adopt a comprehensive approach, simultaneously implementing all aspects that demonstrate its role in the sector. By adopting such a holistic strategy, the state can create a more conducive environment toward development sustainability for improving the technical efficiency of livestock product processing enterprises.
Robotic 3DCP fabrication of custom-fit slabs for irregular pontoons
Authors: Ribeiro João , Morais António , Silva João Miguel , Brandão Filipe J. S. , Figueiredo Bruno , Cruz Paulo J. S.
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a case study on the use of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) to qualify rocky pontoons with spaces for recreational use—namely sitting areas, circulation trails and fishing spots—and biodiversity protection—providing habitat and refuge for native marine species—with a focus on the challenges and opportunities associated with 3DCP prefabrication for such a complex topographical context. We first discuss the benefits and disadvantages of 3DCP over traditional methods for retrofitting strategies with the support of state-of-the-art literature review. We then present a methodology and an experimental case study, organized in three stages: (1) a photogrammetric survey and digital reconstruction of the site´s rocky landscape, (2) the creation of a tool to generate and optimize custom-fit slabs based on their location on site, intended use and role in the protection of the natural ecosystem, and (3) the robotic fabrication of these slabs through 3DCP. Finally, we present our key findings, revealing that 3DCP offers a viable and more efficient alternative for appropriating and revitalizing sites with a disorderly and highly complex topography.
Feline Entanglements: Feminist Interspecies Care and Solidarity in a Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Lewis Rachel A.
Published: April 2024

While the concept of interspecies solidarity has been central to ecofeminist work on animal rights since the 1980s, less attention has been devoted to the question of animal desire within the feminist animal care tradition, the majority of which has focused on women's and animals’ shared oppression under patriarchy. This article offers a reformulation of feminist animal care ethics, one that seeks to recenter animal desire as the ground for interspecies solidarity. The first section of the article offers a review of the relationship between women and interspecies solidarity as articulated within the feminist animal care tradition. Part two draws upon multispecies ethnographic participant observation at a cat sanctuary in Syros, Greece, to account for questions of animal agency, as well as the gendered, racialized, and classed dimensions of interspecies care work. The final section of the article concludes by considering the ways in which grief and mourning are central to the decolonial project of feminist interspecies care and solidarity in a post-pandemic world.
Interaction between a uniform current and a submerged cylinder in a marginal ice zone
Authors: Yang Y.F. , Wu G.X. , Ren K.
Published: April 2024

The interaction between a uniform current with a circular cylinder submerged in a fluid covered by a semi-infinite ice sheet is considered analytically. The ice sheet is modelled as an elastic thin plate, and the fluid flow is described by the linearised velocity potential theory. The Green function or the velocity potential due to a source is first obtained. As the water surface is divided into two semi-infinite parts with different boundary conditions, the Wiener–Hopf method (WHM) offers significant advantages over alternative approaches and is consequently adopted. To do that, the distribution of the roots of the dispersion equation for fluid fully covered by an ice sheet in the complex plane is first analysed systematically, which does not seem to have been done before. The variations of these roots with the Froude number are investigated, especially their effects or factorisation and decomposition required in the WHM. The result is verified by comparing with that obtained from the matched eigenfunction expansion method. Through differentiating the Green function with respect to the source position, the potentials due to multipoles are obtained, which are employed to construct the velocity potential for the circular cylinder. Extensive results are provided for hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder and wave profiles, and some unique features are discussed. In particular, it is found that the forces can be highly oscillatory with the Froude number when the body is below the ice sheet, whereas such an oscillation does not exist when the body is below the free surface.
Investigation of fermentation profiles, bacterial community structure and bacterial β-carotene synthesis of alfalfa silage treated with propionic acid or its combination with squalene
Authors: Zong Cheng , Jiang Wanqi , Shao Tao , Liu Qinhua
Published: April 2024

This study examined the fermentation dynamics, bacterial community composition and bacterial β-carotene synthesis in alfalfa that was ensiled for 3, 15, 45 and 90 days without additives (CON), or with a chemical agent (propionic acid, PA); or a combination of PA and squalene, SQPA). The results showed that silage treated with PA had a lower (P < 0.01) pH value than the CON silage in the early ensiling phase (3–15 days). Meanwhile, silage treated with PA had the highest contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and PA after 90 days of ensiling (P < 0.01). The β-carotene in alfalfa was lost seriously in the initial ensiling phase (3 days) and epiphytic Pantoea agglomerans with the ability to produce β-carotene became extinct. With the extension of ensiling time, the loss of β-carotene was alleviated in all silages. PA and SQPA not only lowered bacterial diversity and simplified bacterial networks but also facilitated the emergence of new β-carotene-producing bacteria. The metabolic function prediction indicated that β-carotene synthesis tended to decrease initially and subsequently increase during ensiling. Furthermore, the variance of enzymes involved in the bacterial synthesis of β-carotene in silages was influenced by PA, SQPA and ensiling time. In summary, the impact of solely adding PA demonstrated superior effects on the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage compared to the effects observed with SQPA. Throughout the ensiling of alfalfa, the succession of different β-carotene-producing bacteria resulted in fluctuations in the levels of β-carotene.