bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some methods to stain cartilage and bone of vertebrates and application on small fish in museum of oceanography
Authors: Ngan Nguyen Thi My , Nghi Bui Quang , Phu Nguyen Kha , Ben Hoang Xuan
Published: May 2020

In a natural scientific museum as Museum of Oceanography, a specimen should be not only awesome but also scientific in order to attract visitors and introduce knowledge to them. One of the methods satisfying those requirements is “Method of staining cartilages and bones for small vertebrates”. This method was applied to handle small fish: Anchovies (Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940)), amphiprions (Amphiprion ocellaris (Cuvier 1830)) and ponyfish (Leiognathus sp.), which is highly efficient, not only used in studying fish bones and cartilages but also attractive to visitors. This paper also gives details on experiences during handling process of this method.
Bathymetry mapping using VNREDSAT-1 image: A case study in Ninh Hai coast, Ninh Thuan province of Vietnam
Authors: Khin La Van , Son Tong Phuoc Hoang , Huan Nguyen Huu , Trung Pham Ba
Published: May 2020

Bathymetry mapping of coastal zones is one of the minimum requirements to serve related activities as marine management, transportation, construction and scientific application. However, the traditional method of direct measurement in the fields meets problems of time consuming, manpower and money. Applying remote sensing techniques to establish bathymetry in shallow water is an effective method to overcome the traditional problems. The objective of this study is to use VNREDSAT-1 data to map the bathymetry in a coastal region of Vietnam and Ninh Hai coast was selected as a case study in this research. The image was acquired on September 4th, 2013 and preprocessed through atmospheric correction using 6S model and sun glint removal by Hedley method. A total of 3,642 collected data points were divided into two parts, the first part of 2,810 points used to build up the model and the rest of 832 points for validation. The model used is based on multiple regression methods with four independent variables as four bands and a dependent variable as water depth. The results show that the models got high accuracy at the water depth from 10 m to 19 m with root mean square error of 1.03 m to 1.99 m and correlation coefficients of 0.72 to 0.74. This study demonstrates the capacity of VNREDSAT-1 in bathymetry mapping, and it would be an efficient tool for precisely mapping crude bathymetry in Vietnam.
Accrual, Publication Bias, and the Coronavirus in 2020
Authors: Bates Susan E.
Published: May 2020

The era of COVID19 reflects the importance, perhaps now more than ever, of transparency in the outcomes of trials small and large. The Oncologist Clinical Trial Results (CTR) section has endeavored to provide a remedy for the persistent problem of underreporting in clinical trials in oncology and the subsequent publication bias that this practice necessarily creates. As The Oncologist celebrates its 25th Anniversary, we focus not only on the ethical and moral imperatives behind CTR, but also on the practical goal of informing the practice of treating physicians.
Condicionamento Cardiorrespiratório de idosos: há diferença em praticante de exercício físico e não praticantes?
Authors: Vitor Nunes Lopes João , Karina Rodrigues Fernandes Ana , Tavares Sampaio Desiree , Cardoso Souza Thalita , Resende De Oliveira Tayrine , Rocha Alves Mariana , Dias Rodrigues Vinicius
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: As mudanças no sistema cardiorrespiratório são evidentes durante o processo de envelhecimento. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) tem sido considerada um dos principais fatores responsáveis pela perda de independência em idosos. OBJETIVO: verificar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória em idosos praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física sistematizada. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento transversal. A amostra foi composta por 30 idosas, do sexo feminino com idade entre 65 a 75 anos independentes, divididas em praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico. Definiu-se como critério de exclusão da pesquisa ausência das participantes durante o período de coleta dos dados. Como instrumento de coleta utilizou-se o teste de marcha estacionária para a avaliação cardiorrespiratória. O avaliador conta uma passada de cada vez, sendo que só foram computadas as passadas em que o joelho atinja a altura correta ao nível ponto médio entre a patela e a espinha ilíaca ântero-superior. RESULTADOS: obteve como resultado média de 43,40 ± 10,08 para indivíduos não praticantes de exercício físico, com peso corporal de 59,26 ± 10, 09kg. No entanto, para indivíduos praticantes de exercício físico com peso corporal de 69,73 ± 11,48kg obteve-se média de 43,73 ± 9,29 ciclos completos. CONCLUSÃO:  Nessa amostra não houve uma diferença da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em idosos praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico.
Educational Cluster as a Tool for Implementation Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mykhailenko V. , Blyzniuk M.
Published: May 2020

The world experience on educational clusters proves their applicability and efficiency. An example is the formation of educational clusters for economic education and business schools. Formation of educational clusters has become an important part of the state personnel policy of many countries of the world. Multidimensional notion of "sustainable development" in combination with a wide range of age-old target audiences requires new methodological approaches for building an open dialogue between a student and a teacher. Taking into account the complex nature of the research subject that combines social, economic and environmental dimensions of human activity, authors propose a scientific and educational cluster as an innovative form of implementation of cross-cutting education for sustainable development (ESD) in Ukraine. The role of the core formation of an educational cluster is best suited for universities that are open to innovation and new educational technologies. The new educational model is illustrated by ad hoc activity of Carpathian School held in Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk region. Target audience represented Master students of natural sciences, secondary school students, biologists and geography teachers together with civil society activists. The school organizers were "Centre for Civic Initiatives", Kosiv and Faculty of Geography of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv supported by two National Natural Parks “Hutsulshchyna” and “Vyzhnytsky”. The lecturers’ team included university professors, experts of The Regional Environmental Centre for CEE countries (REC), Hungary, the National Ecological Centre of Ukraine (NECU), leading experts of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Ukraine, employees of local museums and cultural institutions. The main goal of the School is to consider the role of civil society, local activists, entrepreneurs and authorities in building sustainable communities, to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The cluster model was tested for obtaining a professional orientation of the lyceum graduates with a strong TOT component in view of education reform "New Ukrainian School". The students were acquainted with educational materials and methodical guides of the REC multimedia toolkits "Green Package" and "Step by Step", adapted to Ukrainian needs by local experts. These materials are easily perceived by young people, Master students and senior pupils. Interactive games and dilemmas were suitable for the formation of ecologically oriented thinking and social competence of youth. The guides were also highly praised by elderly participants and recommended for training and retraining of school teachers. Interviews with the school attendees and lecturers, interviews and publications in the local mass-media showed the benefits of cluster model in comparison with traditional forms of education. The school also identified the opportunities for professional guidance, training and retraining of teachers' staff.
Uma leitura prospectiva sobre os Congressos de Educação Ambiental dos Países Lusófonos e Galícia
Authors: Sorrentino Marcos
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem por base a apresentação realizada pelo autor na mesa redonda voltada a promover diálogos sobre os Congressos de Educação Ambiental dos Países Lusófonos e Galícia, realizada durante as II Xornadas Internacionais de Educación Ambiental do Centro de ExtensiónUniversitaria e Divulgación Ambiental de Galicia-CEIDA, em abril de 2018, no Castelo de Santa Cruz de Liáns, Oleiros, A Coruña. Partindo de uma leitura analítica do conjunto de Congressos e dos processos dialógicos de articulação dos eventos e de busca pelo fortalecimento da educação ambiental (EA) realizada nos oito países de língua portuguesa (Angola, Brasil, Cabo Verde, Guiné Bissau, Moçambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Príncipe, Timor Leste) e na Comunidade Autônoma da Galícia/Espanha, busca alinhavar argumentos que justifiquem a formulação e implantação de políticas públicas sintonizadas e que propiciem sinergia na realização da missão de todo processo educador e ambientalista – a melhoria das condições existenciais para humanos e não humanos desta e das futuras gerações. Busca centralmente apresentar uma compreensão prospectiva do potencial da EA luso-galaica para o enfrentamento do atual estado de degradação socioambiental e humano presente em todo o Planeta, ressaltando a importância de uma comunidade lingüística presente em quatro continentes e com fortes laços culturais, dar exemplosde cooperação na diversidade para uma humanidade cindida. Unir ativistas e intelectuais do campo socioambiental, de diversos contextos locais, nacionais e internacionais, em processos de cooperação e de rebeldia em relação às fontes da degradação, objetivando fortalecer movimentos em defesa da vida e da solidariedade por meio do agir e pensar localmente e globalmente e do trabalhar-se interiormente.
Contributions to the Paederinae (Staphylinidae) Fauna of Kırıkkale Province in Central Anatolia
Authors: YAMAN Serkan , SENYUZ Yakup , ANLAŞ Sinan
Published: May 2020

In this study, Paederinae species from Kırıkkale province of central Anatolia were studied. The present paper is based on material collected by aspirator and sifter between June 2016 and April 2019 in seven localities of southern Kırıkkale province, At the end of the study, 17 species belonging to 11 genera were reported. 14 of them are new record for Kırıkkale Paederinae fauna. Leptobium yagmuri Anlaş, 2017 and Tetartopeus inexcisus Assing, 2009 represented the first record since the description of the species. In addition, Achenium scimbaliodes Koch, 1937 and Tetartopeus inexcisus Assing, 2009 are recorded for the first time from Central Anatolia Region of Turkey.
Vitamin D deficiency and maternal complications
Authors: Chandel Anu B. , Mittal Rita , Sharma Anoop , Mittal Shivika
Published: May 2020

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in India, a finding that is unexpected in a tropical country with abundant sunshine. Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as the most untreated nutritional deficiency currently in the world. Several studies reported the relationship between maternal vitamin D deficiency and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labour, low birth weight and increased rate of caesarean section.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Kamla Nehru Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India over a period of 12 months. Six hundred women were included in the study.Results: Forty-eight (8%) subjects developed preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome, of which none had sufficient vitamin D levels, whereas 48 (100%) subjects had vitamin D deficiency.Conclusions: Maternal antenatal complications are more common in vitamin D deficient group.
Factors associated with induced second trimester abortion at a tertiary level hospital of Uttarakhand region: a 6-year retrospective study
Authors: Nimonkar Shweta , Chaudhari Priyanka , Gupta Vineeta , Saxena Namrata , Agarwal Shivangi
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite the liberalization of the abortion services since the early 1970s in India, access to safe abortion services remains limited for the vast majority of Indian women particularly from rural areas. Second trimester abortions have different indications and associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality as compared to the first trimester abortions.Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted from the January 2014 to December 2019 at obstetrics and genecology department of Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. All patients of 12 weeks to 20 weeks of confirmed gestational age were given medical method of second trimester abortion. Data was collected and analyzed regarding demographic features, gestational age, indications, and induction-abortion interval and post abortion contraceptive methods accepted by patient.Results: During this study period a total of 180 patients had second trimester abortion at study institute. Maximum number of patients 69 (38.3%) were of 25-30 years of age group and 161 (85%) patients were of Hindu religion. Major indication was failure of contraception (42.8%) and congenital anomalies in the fetus (45.6%). There was one case of failed medical abortion in which emergency hysterectomy was done for undiagnosed adherent placenta. All patients were compliant of using contraceptive methods after the abortion because of recent medical and mental stress and majority 82 (45.6%) of the patients preferred oral combined contraceptive pills.Conclusions: Apart from congenital anomalies rest all indications can be reduced if women in our country are empowered to control their fertility, get education to become more aware and provided with social security.
Evaluation of reasons for participation refusal among pregnant women in a perinatal outcome research
Authors: Sharmila Vijayan , Babu Thirunavukkarasu Arun
Published: May 2020

Background: The number of protocol-eligible patients, refusing to participate in a biomedical research is often not mentioned in the results of the studies. There are no studies that have looked at the data on willingness to participate in a research among pregnant women in India. The aim of this study is to report the number of pregnant women who refused to participate and to evaluate the reasons for not participating in a research that was concerned with swabbing of the genital tract for culture.Methods: A prospective research study was done among healthy pregnant women, that required collection of vaginal swabs for culture to study the vaginal flora. The women eligible to participate in the study were approached for their willingness to participate in the study. The details of women who refused to participate in the study and the various self-reported reasons for their refusal were documented and analysed.Results: A total 48.2% of the total protocol-eligible group refused to participate in the study and the refusal rate was alarmingly higher than expected. Some of the common responses for their refusal include reasons such as the study involved tests from their private parts, lack of interest to participate and the need to discuss with their partner or that their partner wound not allow them to participate in research.Conclusions: It is important for research studies to include data on the refusal to participate and also the reasons why people refuse to participate in research so as to formulate strategies to improve the acceptance rate for participation in research.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: what is the validity of urine sediment microscopy as a screening tool in a low resource setting?
Authors: Polnaya Rashmi , Bhandary Amritha
Published: May 2020

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy should be screened and treated to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. Urine culture is the recommended test. In low resource setting with large patient load urine culture in all pregnant patients is not feasible. In this study authors have assessed the validity of urine microscopy in the screening of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.Methods: Midstream clean catch urine specimen collected from 675 pregnant women was subjected to urine sediment microscopy and culture. It was considered screen positive if pus cells were >5/HPF. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was diagnosed if there were >/=100000 CFU of a single uropathogen per ml. Results obtained were statistically analysed for the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, sociodemographic and medical risk factors, causative organisms, antibiotic sensitivity and validity of urine sediment microscopy in detecting asymptomatic bacteriuria.Results: The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in our study was 10.2%. The incidence was higher in the age group between 20-30 years, in gravida 3 and above, in upper lower and lower socioeconomic status, in women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy and anaemia. E. coli was the commonest bacterial isolate in culture positive cases. Bacterial isolates had poor sensitivity for Ampicillin, amoxicillin and nitrofurantoin and good sensitivity for cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for urine microscopy was 43%, 85%, 25% and 93% respectively.Conclusions: This study shows poor sensitivity and positive predictive value and good specificity and negative predictive value.
An observational study of fetomaternal outcome in euthyroid women with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Netra Harendra K. , Pant Reena , Banerjee Krishna P.
Published: May 2020

Background: Several changes are observed in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and failure to adapt to these physiological changes results in thyroid dysfunction, especially if complicated by the presence of thyroid antibodies. The presence of TPO-Ab is associated with increased rate of pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, preterm delivery, placental abruption, pregnancy-induced hypertension, intrauterine death and low birth weight. Objective of this study was to study the effect of anti-TPO Ab positivity on pregnancy outcome and estimate the prevalence of anti-TPO Ab in euthyroid obstetric women.Methods: This observational study enrolled 500 euthyroid pregnant women, age 20-35 years, up to 20 weeks gestation. Venous blood samples collected and analyzed for the anti TPO Ab levels. On the basis of anti TPO Ab positivity they were divided into two groups, anti-TPO Ab positive and Ab negative group. These two groups were followed up till delivery or abortion and compared for maternal and fetal outcomes.Results: Prevalence of anti-TPO antibody positivity was 5.2% in euthyroid obstetric women. Most of anti-TPO Ab positive women were overweight. There were higher numbers of miscarriage (11.54%) in anti-TPO Ab positive euthyroid pregnancies than (2.53%) in antibody negative women. Incidence of low birth weight babies was 4-fold higher in anti-TPO Ab positive women. More than two-fold increase in incidence of placental abruption in anti-TPO Ab positive women. Parity, anaemia, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, GDM, PROM, PPH, low Apgar scores, NICU admission, IUD and neonatal death were not significantly associated with anti-TPO Ab positivity.Conclusions: Anti TPO Ab positivity significantly associated with pre-pregnancy BMI, miscarriage rates and low birth weight of newborns.
Prevalence and distribution of various human papillomavirus genotypes in women with high risk for cervical carcinoma
Authors: Maheshwari Sheenu , Nautiyal Ruchira , Kotwal Aarti , Chandra Smita
Published: May 2020

Background: In India, cervical cancer is second most common cancer in women and is the second most common cause of death due to cancers in women. Human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly genotype 16 and 18, are responsible for most of the precancerous lesions of cervix and for cervical cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the spread of HPV infection and its early treatment to decrease cervical cancer associated morbidity and mortality. Aims of this study was to find out the prevalence and distribution of various HPV genotypes in women high risk for cervical carcinoma. To find correlation between HPV DNA test and cytology report.Methods: An observational study was done on a total of 384 women who were at a high risk for cervical cancer.  Ectocervix and endocervix samples for conventional cytology along with cervical swab collection for HPV DNA isolation were obtained from women aged 21-65 years. Multiplex real time PCR used for HPV DNA isolation and genotyping and Bethseda classification 2014 was used for reporting cytology. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22 and Microsoft excel 2010 software. Data assessment was done using independent t-test, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.Results: Prevalence of HPV in women high risk for cervical cancer in our study was 14.58%. Most common high-risk genotypes were HPV 18 (7.03%) followed by HPV 16 (6.51%). All genotypes except genotype 31, were more frequently seen as a single infection rather than a multiple infection. In 323 subjects which were negative for Pap smear, 31 were positive for HPV DNA showing a statistically significant result with a p value of <0.0001.Conclusions: It was analysed that infection with HPV is very common (9.60%) even in women who had a negative Pap smear test showing a positive correlation between the two tests. HPV DNA testing can improve the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial lesions.
Primary pelvic hydatid cyst: a rare case report
Authors: Gupta Artika , Natu Neeta
Published: May 2020

Primary pelvic hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease most frequently caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. Primary pelvic hydatid cyst is a rare entity. A 39-year-old, para 3 living 3 presented to casualty with acute pain abdomen and a suprapubic mass. Patient gave history of acute lower abdominal pain since 4 days associated with vomiting. On examination, a palpable mass around 18 weeks size, firm to hard in consistency with ill-defined margins and restricted mobility and suprapubic tenderness. Lower limit could not be reached, extending from right iliac fossa to midline. Per vaginum findings suggestive of mass deviated to right side with fullness in right fornix. No cervical motion tenderness. The pre-operative tumor marker levels were as follows: CA125=12.44 U/mL (normal=0-35), CEA=0.09 ng/mL (normal=0-2.5). CA19.9=16.79 U/mL (normal=1.2-30). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was found to be 82 mm in the first hour. Transabdominal ultrasound suggestive of adnexal mass? ovarian with moderate ascites. Urinary bladder seen separately. Contrast enhanced computed topography (CECT) suggestive of complicated right para-ovarian /ovarian cystic mass like cystadenoma. Exploratory laparotomy was done and specimen (uterus, cervix, omental biopsy and peritoneal washings) was sent for Histopathological report. Histopathological examination of the haematoxylin and eosin-stained section revealed ruptured brood capsule releasing daughter cyst. Post-operative period was uneventful. Patient received full course of anti-helminthic treatment.
A rare case report of large bilateral vulval elephantiasis
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Malik Renuka , Datta Kamna , Khera Kaveri
Published: May 2020

Elephantiasis, the result of chronic lymphedema, is characterized by gross enlargement of the limbs or genitalia. It occurs because of obstructive diseases of the lymphatic system. Genital elephantiasis is a common result of filariasis. Other causes are lymphogranuloma venereum. granuloma inguinale, carcinomas, lymph node dissection, irradiation and tuberculosis. Filarial elephantiasis of the female genitalia is extremely uncommon, about 1-2% of the total cases of filarial elephantiasis. Mrs. X, 25 years old female, P1L1, resident of a village in Bihar presented to gynaecology OPD of ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital on 06th January 2020 with complaint of huge progressively increasing vulval swelling since 3 years. Patient had come from Bihar for treatment. She had been showing in her native place for 2 years but now the lump had made her walking difficult. She did not give history of any drug given for treatment for filariasis. She gave history of being treated for pulmonary Koch 10 years back. On examination, there was a non- ulcerative, polypoidal growth of around 20×14×11 cm arising from bilateral labia majora and minora obstructing the vulval cleft. There was no associated lymphadenopathy or limb oedema. All the investigations were within normal limits. Microfilaria antigen testing done at night was negative. Patient was given diethylcarbamazine and excision of the lump was done on 14th February 2020. Histopathological report showed dilated lymphatics with non-caseating granulomas, consistent with filariasis. In endemic countries like India, filariasis is the commonest cause of elephantiasis; however genital filariasis in woman is very rare. Other cause could be tuberculosis which is still rarer. Early diagnosis and treatment of filariasis can eradicate this neglected tropical disease which causes disfigurement and severe morbidity as its sequelae.
Management of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Virmani Smritee , Kaul Pushpa
Published: May 2020

Caesarean scar ectopic involves an abnormal implantation of the embryo within the myometrium of previous caesarean scar. It is a rare and serious entity involving maternal complication like abnormal placentation, hemorrhage or death due to uterine rupture. Authors present a case report of 32 years old female diagnosed as a case of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy on TVS and MRI and managed conservatively by USG guided D and C.
A clinical study of modified McIndoe vaginoplasty with split thickness skin graft: a tertiary care experience
Authors: Gowardhan Atul K. , Bagade Priya M.
Published: May 2020

Background: Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is associated with failure of fetal mullerian-duct development that results in congenital deficiency of the upper part of the vagina with a rudimentary-to-absent uterus. These patients have primary amenorrhoea, infertility as well as insufficient sexual gratification. Although conception can be dealt with IVF and surrogacy but at least by doing neovaginal construction by McIndoe vaginoplasty, these patients have acceptable sexual life and intercourse. The main objective of this study was creating a neovagina leading to a satisfactory sexual life.Methods: Modified McIndoe vaginoplasty with split thickness skin graft, was done in seven patients with MRKH syndrome from 2014-2017 and these patients were followed till 2019. All patients had detailed counselling regarding the surgery, the complications involved and the outcome. Thorough investigations were done in all the patients.Results: The functional results were satisfactory in all the seven patients. There was no blood transfusion requirement or any serious complication involved. An average vaginal length of 7-9 cm and vaginal width of 3-4 cm was achieved. Donor site healing was adequate in all patients with no complications.Conclusions: Modified McIndoe vaginoplasty, if performed with good surgical skills, is a secure and beneficial way to achieve sexual contentment in patient with vaginal agenesis, with no donor site complications.
A study of initial 251 Covid-19 patients admitted at Government Medical College, Kota
Authors: Sardana Vijay , Singhal Govind
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT Background: A new strain of Corona virus, presently known as Covid-19, belongs to the family of Corona viruses that originated in animals, has not previously been identified in humans. The high infectivity of the disease led to the third Corona virus outbreak in the last 20 years after the SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS-CoV.Methods: It was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study at GMC, Kota Hospital, conducted from 5 April to 10 May 2020. All the positive patients who were residents of Kota and diagnosed and admitted at Government Medical College (GMC), Kota were selected for this study. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered, processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: Out of total 251 included patients, 162 Males and 89 Females. The most affected containment zones were Chandraghata, Suket, Bhimganjmandi and Anantpura. The mass Sampling was satisfactory in Chandraghata, Bhimganjmandi and Anantpura. Seventy one percent of first follow up sample were negative which was increased on subsequent follow up sample. Only 10 Patients died with the case fatality rate of 03.98%. Twenty five percent patients became follow up positive even though their first follow up sample was negative.Conclusions: Males were more affected then females. Maximum number of cases belonged to 20-50 years of age. Sampling pattern was not uniform. The results do not justify labelling to the asymptomatic/mild Covid-19 positive patient as cured just after the first follow up negative. Most common co-morbidities in fatal Covid-19 patients were diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Socio-psychological and cultural aspects of substance abuse: a study done at Swami Vivekananda Drug Deaddiction Centre, Government Medical College, Amritsar
Authors: Kaur Arshdeep , Mahajan Sanjeev , Deepti S. S. , Singh Tejbir
Published: May 2020

Background: The problem of substance abuse has spread to almost every part of the globe surmounting almost all barriers of race, caste, religion, sex and educational status. The interaction of various cultural, psychological, social, variables like stress, peer pressure, unemployment, early age of initiation results in the development of substance abuse. It is important to address these factors so that severity of relapses can be reduced and quality of life is improved. Aims and objectives were to study the role of cultural and socio-psychological factors in substance abuse.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Study population consisted of substance abusers enrolled at Swami Vivekananda Drug Deaddiction Centre. Study took place at Swami Vivekananda Drug Deaddiction Centre attached to the Government Medical College, Amritsar, from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015. Sample size consisted of 400 males. The collected data was entered in Microsoft excel sheets and analysed using Epi Info version 7.Results: Mean age was 28.5 years, 64% were high and intermediate pass, 47% belonged to lower middle class, 23% were unemployed, 61% married, 83% of the respondents belonged to Sikh religion, 76% were introduced to drugs by their friends, significant association was found between problem of thinking and communication and drug addiction , 62% showed escapism to problems of life.Conclusions: Findings confirm that socio-psychological and cultural factors including peer pressure, availability of drugs, unemployment are powerful stimuli for substance abuse and sits relapse, hence it is important to highlight these issues.
Profile of mortality among beneficiaries of public health assurance schemes in Karnataka: a retrospective study
Authors: B. G. Chandrashekarappa , Uthkarsh Pallavi Sarji , Chandrashekar Sudha , Koradhanyamath D. M. , N. R. Dewakar , . Gangabhoraiah , Sudarshan M. K.
Published: May 2020

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that can potentially be dealt at tertiary care is increasing in developing countries including India which increase the out of pocket expenditure. Different health assurance schemes have been implemented in the state of Karnataka to provide access to quality tertiary medical care to all. The current study was undertaken to study the profile of mortality under these schemes as no information was available till date.Methods: Data of beneficiaries availing treatment in empanelled tertiary care hospitals under health assurance schemes was collected from Suvarna Arogya Suraksha Trust (SAST) online data base from April 2015 to March 2016 on 20 August 2016. Statistical analysis was done by data collection using Microsoft EXCEL 2010 and SPSS-20 version.Results: Majority of the beneficiaries (91.9%) were treated under Vajpayee Arogyashree Scheme. Deaths were more in beneficiaries of Mysore division with significant high mortality in burn patients. Nearly 63.2% of the beneficiaries were males and were in the age group of 15-60 years and higher hospital mortality was seen among infants (6.8%). Age less than one year, longer cardio pulmonary bypass time and longer aortic cross-clamp time are significantly (p<0.001) associated with hospital mortality in surgeries of congenital heart disease.Conclusions: Mortality in beneficiaries of health assurance schemes was more in infants, females, burn cases and in Mysore division.
Exclusive breast feeding: a cross sectional survey about knowledge, attitudes and practices among lactating mothers in Pilkhuwa, Hapur
Authors: Kumar Pankaj
Published: May 2020

Background: Exclusive breast feeding is a basic human activity, vital to infant and maternal health and of immense economic value to households and societies. Studies in India have also shown a decline in breastfeeding trends, especially in urban areas. The WHO recommends that for the first six months of life, infants should be exclusively breastfed to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. Thereafter, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods, while continuing to breastfeed for up to two years or more. Thus the present study was developed to examine the infant feeding practices, knowledge and attitude towards breast feeding among postnatal mothers.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out among post natal mothers who attended immunization clinics with their children for vaccination and for the treatment of other minor illnesses at a UHTC (Urban Health Training Centre).Results: Sixty three percent mothers were aware about exclusive breast feeding. Hospital/health facilities were the main source of information. A significant decrease about misconceptions and significant increase in knowledge occurred about exclusive breast feeding, in post testing.Conclusions: Promotion of women’s education, husband’s engagement, encouraging antenatal care and exclusive breastfeeding counselling during antenatal care were recommended to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice.
Assessing the usage of screen based media and screen time among adolescents in Mysuru: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shwetha G. , Doddaiah Sunil Kumar , Bilimale Anil S. , Murthy M. R. Narayana
Published: May 2020

Background: Media is one of the important parts of the life of school children, especially those aged between 13 to 17 years. It has both positive and negative impacts on children. It affects both physical and mental health; there will be a prominent impact on their studies also. Nowadays everyone has the accessibility of television, mobile, etc in India. This study mainly aims to assess the impact of screen-based media (SBM) and screen time among middle adolescents and the association of socio-demographic status with the usage of SBM.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Government and Private schools of Mysuru district from November to December 2019. The study included 180 school children between the age group of 13 to 17 years through simple random sampling. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used.Results: Mobile formed the maximum used SBM. Out of the total screen time, time contributed by television 90.5%, mobile 95.6%, and both television and mobile 91.7% will be more followed by other SBM. The proportion of children having the screen time of maybe 3 hrs was found to be 25.6% and more than 3 hrs was 5.9% among the total study population. There is an association between SBM usage and the socio-demographic status i.e. age, type of family, father's education, and father occupation with the statistical significance of p value <0.05.Conclusions: According to the current study, there is a high proportion of school children using SBM. So, there is a need to create awareness regarding the use of SBM and its impact on children among parents, teachers, and children.
Barriers to practice of critical newborn care behaviours: findings from a qualitative assessment in rural Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Chatterjee Nilesh , Singh Sanjay , Fernandes Genevie
Published: May 2020

Background: In India, the state of Madhya Pradesh has one of the highest infant mortality rates (IMR) as compared to the national average. About two out of every three infant deaths in Madhya Pradesh, are of neonates. Given the high neonatal mortality rate in the state, this study aimed to explore the perceptions, practices, barriers and enablers related to critical newborn care behaviors, such as cord-care, thermal care, skin-to-skin care, and early initiation of breastfeeding, in the first 24 hours of life.Methods: In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 53 respondents including mothers and fathers of the newborn, mothers-in-law, elected community and tribal leaders, local NGO representatives, and frontline health workers, in two districts of Madhya Pradesh.Results: Few mothers knew about the benefits of cord care, thermal care and early initiation of breastfeeding. Fathers lacked knowledge and perceived newborn care as the mother’s responsibility. Skin-to-skin care was rarely practiced; and was perceived across respondent groups as necessary only for weak infants. Older women, influential in decision making in the household, held misconceptions about thermal care and breastfeeding practices. Traditions and social norms emerged as major barriers while institutional delivery served as an enabling factor for the practice of correct newborn-care behaviors.Conclusions: To increase adoption of critical newborn behaviours, health care providers will have to move beyond mere interpersonal communication with individual mothers at facility or household levels towards a community and societal approach. A strategic behaviour change communication program that addresses deep-rooted traditional and social norms is required to help the state reduce infant deaths.
Pathways to care and diagnostic delay among cervical cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sunny Roshina , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Papa Dasari , Akkilagunta Sujiv , Olickal Jeby Jose
Published: May 2020

Background: The high mortality among cervical cancer patients in India can be attributed to presentation at advanced stages. The varied and lengthy pathway taken up to diagnosis could be a major reason for advanced stage at presentation. Hence, we aimed to describe the care pathways and diagnostic delay among cervical cancer patients.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 cervical cancer patients attending a cancer clinic at a Regional Cancer Center. The histo-pathologically confirmed cases of cervical cancer, who registered in July to October 2018 were approached. Data were collected through personal interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the number of providers visited and diagnostic delay.Results: The median (range) number of providers visited by the patients up to diagnosis was 2 (1-5). As the first point of care, 14% of participants approached sub-center or primary care facilities, 27% approached secondary care facilities, 49% participants approached tertiary care facilities and 11% came directly to a regional cancer center. Diagnosis was made only in 24% of participants at secondary and tertiary care levels. The median (IQR) number of days to get diagnosed was 66 (30-130) days and three fourth of the patients had a diagnostic delay.Conclusions: The diagnostic delay was higher among patients who consulted multiple providers. Implementing a protocol to be followed at all three levels of health care delivery system may enhance the early diagnosis.
Prevalence of depression among elderly population in rural South India
Authors: Vincent Vivin , Shanmugam Jeevithan , Duraisamy Shanmugapriya , Loganathan Padmavathy , Ganeshkumar Vijay , Balakrishnan Vedanayaki
Published: May 2020

Background: Depression among elderly is the commonest psychiatric disorder however it is commonly misdiagnosed and under treated. Most of the time it is considered as part of aging process rather than a treatable condition. Diagnosing depression in the elderly is often difficult as a result of presence of cognitive impairment as well as reluctance and denial by the elderly and their family members. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among elderly rural population in South India.  Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months among 575 elderly people aged 60 years and above in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in south India using a pre validated Geriatric Depression Scale. Data entered and analysed using MS Excel.Results: 77.56% of the study participants were found to be depressed. Among them 74.66% were mild depressive and 25.34% had severe depression. Depression was common in elderly males as compared to females. The prevalence of depression was higher in those who live single and those living with their children without their spouse and those with co morbidities.Conclusions: Prevalence of depression among elderly is high in rural areas. It also increases as the age increases. Early identification and timely intervention would promote healthy old age.
Study on the Application of 220/20kV SF6 Gas Transformer
Authors: Zhou Jun , Chen Weidong , Tu Haoxi , Wang Lianfeng , Ni Hongmei
Published: May 2020

With the rapid development of Shenzhen's economy, the land resources in Shenzhen are more and more scarce, and the location of substation is more and more difficult. In order to solve the contradiction between the land resources shortage and the development of power grid, the new mode of substation construction of "embedded attached substation" came into being. Because of the particularity of the embedded attached substation, the fire protection requires that the equipment of this kind of substation should be oil-free, making it difficult to select the appropriate 220/20kV transformer. Therefore, this paper studies a new 220/20kV SF6 gas transformer for the above problems, combined with its structural characteristics, aspects including fire protection, ventilation and noise reduction are described to provide reference for transformer selection of this type of substation.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las neoplasias interepiteliales y de los carcinomas cervicales invasores en el embarazo
Authors: Cardona Fernando , Acebedo Guillermo , Quijano Hugo , Pardo Francisco , Rodríguez Miguel , Uribe Jaime , Soto Antonio , Barrios Jaime
Published: May 2020

Se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la importancia de la citología, de la colposcopia, de la biopsia múltiple y del cono cervical, como elementos para el diagnóstico y el pronóstico de las neoplasias interepiteliales y de los carcinomas invasores del cervix uterino, durante el embarazo y el post-parto. Se analizan los resultados de 152 casos de esta patología en 10 años de estudio de acuerdo a su incidencia, su edad gestacional y los grados el ínicos. Se delimitan conductas terapeúticas en las lesiones neoplásicas interepiteliales y en los cánceres invasores del cervix durante el embarazo.
Historias gineco-obstétricas precodificadas
Authors: Calle Mesa Mario , Esparza Duque Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2020

Se presentan doce modélos de Historias Gineco-Obstétricas precodificadas que se vienen empleando en el Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia de la Universidad de Caldas, desde el 1o. de julio de 1980. En otro estudio se presentan los resultados conseguidos con este valioso instrumento de registro hospitalario. Proponemos a FECOLSOG y al MINISTERIO DE SALUD, un análisis de estos formularios para su empleo en la mayoría de los hospitales del país, con el fin de lograr los objetivos que no se consiguen satisfactoriamente con las historias empleadas en nuestro medio.Cuando se disponga de historias unificadas, podremos realizar estudios prospectivos y cooperativos que permitan conocer nuestra propia patología, y comparar los resultados.
Resúmenes de literatura mundial
Authors: Acuña A . Juan Manuel
Published: May 2020

Prueba rápida - posible aplicación en el diagnóstico de ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM)Prevención de infección después de la histerectomía abdominal electiva: es requerida determinación individualManejo de pacientes con hiperprolactinemia y tomograma normal o anormalEl uso del antiobiótico profiláctico en pacientes llevadas a primera operación cesárea de emergenciaResultados de embarazo en pacientes tratadas y no tratadas con tumores pituitarios secretantes de proláctinaHallazgos de volumen plasmático en pacientes con hipertensión leve y reducida por el embarazoManejo de la infección genital por virus del herpes simplex de ocurrencia durante el embarazoCausa de mortinato. Estudio clínico patológico de 243 pacientes
Resúmenes de literatura mundial
Authors: Acuña A. Juan Manuel
Published: May 2020

Dismenorrea primaria: la importancia de la prostaglandinas E2 y F2 AlfaInhibidores de la sintetasa de prostaglandina en el tratamiento de la dismenorrea primaria. ¿ Es necesaria la cesarea de rutina en embarazos gemelares con presentaciones de vertice-pelvis y vertice-transversa ? La relacion del grado placentario, madurez pulmonar fetal y resultados neonatales con embarazos normales y complicados La relacion entre el aborto inducido y espontaneo y la ocurrencia de aborto de segundo trimestre en embarazos subsecuentes
Desnutrición materna y su influencia sobre el feto y el recién nacido
Authors: Barrios Amaya Jaime A. , Zapata Gómez Vespaciano
Published: May 2020

Se estudiaron 68 embarazadas desnutridas y 14 normales como control. La talla y el peso de los recién nacidos hijos de madres desnutridas, fueron menores que los de las madres normales, sin significación estadística. La concentración de hierro sérico en las embarazadas desnutridas estuvo entre 46 y 86 mcg/dl, y la de las embarazadas normales fue de 86 a 102 mcg/dl. La concentración de hierro sérico en los fetos de madres desnutridas, en su gran mayoría, estuvo por debajo del valor normal mínimo, que fue de 127 mcg/dl. Tanto primigestantes jóvenes como multíparas desnutridas tuvieron valores de hierro bajos en sangre durante el trabajo de parto y en la sangre del cordón del recién nacido. Para una mejor evaluación de la desnutrición materna y del recién nacido, deberían determinarse además: capacidad de fijación de hierro, cantidad de transferrina, concentración de vitamina C, concentración de cobre, cantidad y calidad de aminoácidos.
Repercusiones del síndrome tóxico sobre la gestación
Authors: Guerra Flecha J. M. , Aguaron de la Cruz Angel
Published: May 2020

El día 15 de julio de 1981 y a propuesta del Ministerio de Sanidad, Trabajo y S.S., una vez descubierta la procedencia de la llamada "Neumonía atípica", se reune en dicho ministerio una comisión de expertos para coordinar y estudiar los eventuales efectos del aceite tóxico sobre la madre y el feto.
Tratamiento de la enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria con metronidazol y/o penicilina
Authors: Angulo Roa Alberto , Moreno Escallón Bernardo , Mora Padilla Edmundo
Published: May 2020

El término de enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria (EPI) designa genericamente la infección de las estructuras anexiales del útero (salpingitis, pelviperitonitis, abscesos, etc.) y corresponde a lo que se ha llamado durante mucho tiempo con el término breve de Anexitis, (Galbis 10).
La fertilización in vitro y transferencia del embrión en humanos (FIV-TE)
Authors: Acuña Díaz José Gabriel
Published: May 2020

Sabemos que la infertilidad es un problema de incidencia alta en la consulta obstétrico-ginecológica, llegando hasta cerca del 20-25% en la población general; en un 50%de los casos hay compromiso del factor femenino, en un 40% del masculino; el resto 10 %, corresponde a causas desconocidas.