bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El arte entra en campaña. Cultura visual, caricatura y elecciones en EE. UU.
Authors: Azanza López José Javier
Published: January 2025

En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX, las revistas ilustradas hicieron de la caricatura política un eficaz instrumento en las elecciones presidenciales de EE. UU., recurriendo a imágenes fácilmente identificables por el público inspiradas en la Biblia, la literatura, la historia universal, la mitología y el arte. Una aproximación a esta última categoría nos permitirá identificar modelos pictóricos y valorar el papel de la cultura visual en la sociedad americana de la época.
La serie de cromos Mots et devises: el uso comercial de la tradición emblemática
Authors: García Arranz José Julio , Moreels Isabelle
Published: January 2025

En las décadas que transcurren en el tránsito del siglo XIX al XX estuvo activa en París la imprenta de A. Billon. Nuestro interés se va a centrar en una colección de cromos que vio la luz en sus prensas y que, bajo la denominación genérica de Mots et devises, destinada en esencia a la promoción de productos alimentarios, respondía de manera fiel a la estructura triplex de los viejos emblemas literarios tradicionales derivados de la primera edición de los Emblemata de Andrea Alciato (1531).
Gallicromos: referentes visuales en los cromos del primer álbum de Gallina Blanca (1945)
Authors: Ríos-Moyano Sonia
Published: January 2025

Los cromos han sido un recurso popular en el ámbito del entretenimiento desde la revolución industrial. Gracias al desarrollo de la industria gráfica y su abaratamiento, alcanzaron una gran popularidad y difusión durante el siglo XX. En el texto se analizan e identifican la procedencia y los referentes visuales en el mundo del arte, la ilustración y la pintura, que sirvieron como fuente a los “gallicromos”, que fueron cromos coleccionables que ofrecía la marca Gallina Blanca (Barcelona, 1945). También se resalta el carácter educativo y didáctico de estas pequeñas estampas.
La destrucción de Troya en el arte y la cultura visual
Authors: Rodríguez Moya Inmaculada
Published: January 2025

La destrucción de la legendaria ciudad de Troya constituyó, gracias al relato de Virgilio en la Eneida, una de las escenas fundamentales en el imaginario visual de la cultura de Occidente desde el momento de su confección. El relato virgiliano tuvo además importantes consecuencias en la literatura emblemática y en el arte europeo. Este texto se centra en la escena del incendio y destrucción de la ciudad de Troya, tema que resulta fascinante por las implicaciones que tuvo posteriormente en el arte efímero y la fiesta renacentista y barroca.
The Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC: Historical tradition in the context of national mentality
Authors: Novosilnov Andrey Sergeevich , Sivkina Nataliya Yurievna
Published: January 2025

The aim of the research is to identify the continuity of preserved information about the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC in the sources and to determine the factors that influenced the specific features of the battle’s representation. The article examines the historical tradition of describing the Battle of Chaeronea, which marked the end of Greece’s independent existence. Such a significant moment in history has not found sufficient coverage in the sources. As a rule, authors limit themselves to individual mentions of the course of the battle. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the authors of the article have considered the preserved materials about the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC in the context of the national Greek mentality, primarily taking into account the idea of the opposition between Greeks and barbarians. As a result of the research, the authors came to the conclusion that the lack of a detailed description of the battle is connected with the formation of a negative image of the Macedonian king Philip II, which was initially spread through the works of Demosthenes and Theopompus, and then with the deliberate omission of this event in the works of later authors.
Formation and development of urban-type settlements in Western Siberia in the 1920s-2010s
Authors: Tatarnikova Anna Ivanovna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to characterize the process of formation and development of urban-type settlements in Western Siberia in the 1920s and 2010s. The paper examines the reasons for the allocation of the mentioned status of settlements by state authorities, traces the dynamics of their number and size over several time periods, determines the features of the development of settlements in changing political, economic and socio-cultural conditions. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, based on statistical data from the population censuses for 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002, 2010, 2020 the formation rates of urban-type settlements in Western Siberia are shown, and the trajectory of their subsequent development is studied. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the highest rates of village formation occurred during the 1930s and 1960s, which was associated with the industrialization of the country, urbanization (including artificial, purposefully carried out by the state), the construction of large industrial enterprises, and intensive development of natural resources. Since the mid-1980s, there has been a sharp decline in the rate of rural settlement formation due to deindustrialization, the closure of factories and industrial plants, and the outflow of population to cities. This led to a change in the status of urban-type settlements, some of which turned into villages or rural settlements. At the same time, the population of villages with the status of a urban-type settlements decreased, and their socio-cultural and industrial infrastructure "compressed".
Deconstruction of the image of a princess in the stories of L. S. Petrushevskaya
Authors: Burylova Arina Viktorovna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the transformation of the archetypal image of a princess in the light of gender issues based on the material of L. S. Petrushevskaya's fairy tales. The article examines the main trends in the development of modern literature, compares the classic fairy-tale images of princesses with the images of princesses in the fairy tales of L. S. Petrushevskaya. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it compares the folklore and mythological basis and modern interpretation using the example of L. S.'s fairy tales. According to Petrushevskaya, the revealed changes are justified by a change in the patriarchal mode of family and social relations, which are more evident in the work of women writers. The scientific novelty of the study is also related to the fact that, despite the high interest in the transformation of gender relations in modern literature, the genre of the author's fairy tale has not yet become an independent object of study in this aspect. As a result of the study, it was found that the change in the characters and functions of archetypal characters, using the example of the image of a princess, often occurs due to narrative functions and moves previously used in the construction of male characters, which indicates an inversion of gender roles. The deconstruction of female fairy-tale images, among other things, indicates a certain devaluation of established fairy-tale plots, since they limit modern gender socialization.
The possibilities of euphemistic interpretation in a humorous way of a linguistic unit in Russian institutional discourse
Authors: Ivanyan Elena Pavlovna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of actualization of mechanisms of variable interpretation of reality in modern Russian institutional discourse, which allows interpreting the situation as containing euphemization or euphemism, and therefore generating an unintended comic effect. The article examines the mechanisms and techniques of variable interpretation of reality, actualized by unintentional communicative deviation in direct and indirect communication. The types of alternative interpretation of reality and their frequency are identified and defined. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time, based on the material of the Russian language, it describes and systematizes the mechanism of euphemistic interpretation in institutional discourse in case of communicative failure or failure that generates a comic effect. As a result of the study, it was established which parameters of the utterance producer are responsible for these communicative failures, how gender opposition affects the above-mentioned communicative situations, and what are the characteristics of the addressee of institutional discourse. It is determined that such an interpretation is presented mainly in the implication of euphemisms-tabooisms, in thematic groups of sexual relations, taboo names of human organs and physiological processes, the theme of death.
German modal particles as components of analytical constructions
Authors: Averina Anna Viktorovna
Published: January 2025

The work aims to identify various manifestations of analyticity in utterances with modal particles in the German language. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that modal particles are presented as integral components of analytical constructions. The results show that modal particles are grammaticalized units. In some types of syntactic constructions, they act as a mandatory component: their omission leads to a disruption of the grammatical integrity of the utterance. Modal particles serve to form the illocutionary type of utterance, reflecting the corresponding intention of the speaker. As a mandatory component, modal particles are used in syntactic constructions containing the Konjunktiv form to express an unreal wish, in pseudo-subordinate clauses with “dass”, and also in exclamatory sentences with a stressed finite verb form. If modal particles act as modifiers of the illocutionary type of utterance, i.e., the corresponding speech act, then they are attached to the mode of the sentence and determine the intention of the speaker. In this case, the omission of the particle does not violate the grammatical integrity of the utterance, but rather its inclusion in the communicative situation.
The use of cognitive metaphor as a means of framing in the political discourse of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Lutfullina Gulnara Firdavisovna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to reveal the mechanisms of using cognitive metaphors through which language influences political thought, action and collective consciousness in the political discourse of the Republic of Tatarstan. The article describes and classifies the types of cognitive metaphors used in speeches by leading Tatar political leaders. The scientific novelty of the research lies in determining the role of cognitive metaphor as one of the basic components of the communicative and pragmatic concept of framing, in contrast to the traditional study of political metaphors by analogy with artistic ones. Cognitive metaphors are the means of realizing the concept of framing in the political discourse of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the study, it was found that ontological, anthropomorphic, artefact, conceptual, mixed, mechanistic, structural metaphors, as well as their clusters, combine into one main frame for creating a positive image of the Republic of Tatarstan. The metaphors "the state = its part" have national specifics, in which the Republic of Tatarstan is presented as a platform, a showcase of the latest achievements, and the conceptual metaphor "Tatarstan = interethnic harmony", where the republic is a symbol of peaceful coexistence of different nationalities.
Canaan in Genesis 9,25–27: Servant of Brothers, Servant of God
Authors: Campbell Nicholas
Published: January 2025

The final clauses in Genesis 9,26–27 are often seen as continuing the curse on Canaan from verse 25. However, I will argue that verses 26–27 are Noah’s final blessing before his death, rather than part of the curse for Ham’s sin and the antecedent to the pronoun in the final clauses of verses 26–27 is God. So, Canaan is a servant of his brothers in verse 25 but he is a servant of God not of Shem or Japheth in the blessing formula (V. 26–27). I will show that verse 26 is focused upon blessing, identifying, and serving Yhwh while verse 27 shows the relationship between each individual and God (enlarging Japheth, dwelling with Shem, and served by Canaan).
Analisis penilaian postur kerja dengan Metode Ovako Work Posture Analysis System pada karyawan PT. ABC
Authors: Susiati Devi , Kharismadani Ayu , Cahyono Manggi Dwi
Published: January 2025

PT. ABC is a company engaged in milling wheat into the largest flour in Indonesia. Every day the company has to produce as much as 6.500 tons/day of wheat flour to meet consumer needs. Therefore, employees must be able to work quickly and productively. The company has 11 Mill AB employees, not including millers. Many employees experience complaints and even injuries when carrying out activities on the production floor, starting from the screeningman, rollman, and shiftman. Given these problems, researchers used the Nordic Body Map Questionnaire in collecting primary data. Mill AB's employees have the most complaints about their backs because when working, employees often slouch. Furthermore, the data was processed using the OWAS method approach where the most complaints were in category 2, namely this attitude has the potential to cause damage to the musculoskeletal system. However, there is also a work attitude that is in category 3 where this attitude is also dangerous for musculoskeletal system disorders so work postures result in a very significant effect of tension.
Using MLP-F in Three Different Aberrant Behaviors in Education
Authors: Zhu Zhemin , Chang Hua-Hua
Published: January 2025

Zhu et al. proposed a person-fit method based on the neural network called machine learning person-fit method (MLP-F) and found promising improvements over some traditional methods. MLP-F relies on constructing an appropriate neural network and uses mean square error as a loss function of the neural network. The primary focus of this study is to explore the potential improvement in classifications by replacing mean squared error with cross-entropy. Additionally, the application of MLP-F requires the establishment of a large number of output nodes when dealing with numerous attributes in an exam. However, an excess of nodes in the output layer may diminish classification accuracy and escalate the demand for training data. This article introduces a novel neural network architecture designed to be more versatile and robust. The findings from the research indicate that utilizing a cross-entropy loss function and the new neural network architecture enhances the performance of MLP-F. Simulation studies, considering various aberrant behaviors, demonstrate that MLP-F is effective in identifying aberrant behaviors and particularly excels in shorter tests, showcasing its potential significance in classroom testing.
Bazı Zingiberaceae Droglarının Antioksidan Aktivite Açısından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Duymuş Selin , Fafal Tuğçe
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Zingiberaceae familyasına ait olan Curcuma longa L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Alpinia officinarum Hance ve Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton droglarından hazırlanan metanol ve su ekstrelerinin antioksidan aktivite tayinleri ile toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavonoit miktar tayinlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak araştırmak hedeflenmiştir.
Yöntem: Çalışmamız 12.01.2022-01.04.2022 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Droglar, bir firmadan 12.01.2022 tarihinde temin edilerek sulu ve metanollü ekstreleri hazırlanmış, toplam fenolik madde miktarları Folin-Ciocalteu yöntemi ile, flavonoit miktarları alüminyum klorür yöntemi ile ve antioksidan aktivite tayinleri ise DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pcyrylhydrazyl) yöntemiyle yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: En yüksek antioksidan aktiviteyi zerdeçal-MeOH ekstresi (6,04 µg/ml), en düşük antioksidan aktiviteyi ise kakule-su ekstresi (53,24 µg/ml) göstermiştir. Toplam fenolik madde miktarı, en yüksek havlıcan metanol ekstresinde (400,53 µg gallik asit/mg) ve zerdeçal metanol ekstresinde (301,72 µg gallik asit/mg) bulunmuştur. En yüksek flavonoit miktarı ise zerdeçal-MeOH (615,51 µg kersetin/mg) ve havlıcan-MeOH (400,53 µg gallik asit/mg) ekstrelerinde saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda zerdeçal ve havlıcan metanol ekstrelerinin en yüksek fenolik madde içeriğine sahip olduğu görülmüş ve buna bağlı olarak da en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteyi göstermişlerdir. Flavonoit bakımından en zengin ekstre zerdeçal metanol ekstresi olmuştur. Antioksidan aktivite deneyinde elde edilen sonuçlar, ekstrelerin toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleriyle pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler:
COVID 19 Pandemisinde Hekime Yönelik Şiddet Haberlerinde Medya Etiği
Authors: Demir Hatice , Akdaş Melisa
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu araştırma ile COVID 19 pandemisinde yayınlanan hekime yönelik şiddet haberlerini medya etiği açısından değerlendirmek amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın verileri, COVID 19 pandemisinde tirajı en yüksek olan Sözcü, Hürriyet ve Milliyet gazetelerinin arşivlerinden 22.03.2020-09.08.2022 tarih aralığında «Hekim ve şiddet», «Doktor ve şiddet» anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak elde edildi. Veri toplama aşaması 12-30.09.2022 tarihleri arasında tamamlandı. 63 farklı şiddet haberi içerik analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Haberlerin başlıkları ve içeriklerinin analizinden elde edilen nitel veriler altı tema altında toplandı: Video yayın bilgisi; Saldırganı güçlü hekimi de zayıf ve savunmasız konuma indirgeme; Şiddeti gerekçelendirme, Şiddetin sürekliliğini vurgulama; Cinsiyetçi yaklaşım; Hukuki süreç ile ilgili bilgi. Verilerin analizinde yüzdelik dağılıma bakıldı, sunumunda tablo ve grafiklerden yararlanıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda; medyanın pandemi sürecinde abartılı, sansasyonel ifadeler ile okuyucuyu şiddet haberlerini okumaya teşvik eden yaklaşım sergilediği, şiddet olaylarını meşrulaştırdığı belirlendi. Ayrıca haber başlıkları ve içerikleri hekimlerin itibarlarını ve saygınlıklarını zedeleyici nitelikteydi.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak hekime yönelik şiddet olaylarının raporlanmasında pandemi öncesinde var olan medya yaklaşımı pandemi sürecinde de devam etmiştir. Gazeteciler ve medya kuruluşları hekime yönelik şiddet haberlerinin raporlanmasında profesyonel bir yaklaşımı benimsemek ve hekimlik mesleğine ve topluma olumsuz etkileri azaltmaktan sorumludur. Yasa koyucular ve meslek birlikleri hekime yönelik şiddet haberlerinin sunuluşundaki medyanın etkisini göz önünde bulundurmalı ve konu ile ilgili müdahaleler de bulunmalıdırlar.
Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Tanıtım ve Reklam
Authors: Özçelik Hatice , Sert Gürkan
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de sağlıkta reklam yasağı ile sağlıkta bilgilendirme ve tanıtımda sınırlara ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerin sağlıkta reklamın yasaklanması ve sınırlanması nedenleri kapsamında incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Sağlıkta reklamın yasaklanması ile tanıtım ve bilgilendirmeninin sınırlandırılması ile ilgili gerekçeler, uluslarası ve ulusal akademik yayınlar, bazı ülkelerin mesleki etik kodları kapsamında belirlenmiş ve bu belirleme kapsamında Türkiye’de sağlıkta reklam yasağı ile tanıtım ve bilgilendirme konusundaki sınrılama ile ilgili mevzuat incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Uluslararası ve ulusal akademik yayınlar, meslek örgütlerinin mesleki kodları, Türkiyede’ki mevzuat, sağlıkta reklamın bireylerin sağlığına beden bütünlüğüne, yaşam haklarına zarar verme riski nedeniyle yasaklanmasını ya da sınırlanmasını öngörmektedir. Sağlıkta reklamın sağlık hizmetlerine, sağlık profesyonellerine olan güvenin sarsılması, sağlık profesyonelleri ve sağlık kuruluşları arasında haksız rekabetin oluşması, sağlık hizmetinin ticarileştirilmesi gibi sonuçlar doğurabilmesi de sağlıkta reklam yasağının gerekçeleri arasında sayılmaktadır.
Sonuç: Türkiye’de sağlıkta reklam yasağı ve bilgilendirme ve tanıtım ile ilgili sınırlamalar ve nedenleri literatürde ve diğer bazı ülklerdeki sınırlama nedenleri ile uyumludur. Türkiye'de sağlıkta reklam yasağı ve sağlıkta bilgilendirme ve tanıtıma ilişkin açıklayıcı kurallar 2023 yılında yayımlanan Yönetmelik ile düzenlenerek daha net çerçeve oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
Most probable origin and statistical attribution of the major causes of global mean sea level anomaly and rising tides since the 20th century
Authors: Rivera Paul C.
Published: January 2025

The origin of the anomalous global sea level rise (SLR) since the last century is highly controversial and not fully understood. The observed increase of high tides and decrease of low tides in many coastal areas around the world imply that some crucial physical mechanism that drives the rising sea levels may be overlooked. The relative contribution of polar migration, obliquity change, lunar acceleration, Earth’s spin and sea surface temperature on sea level was estimated using multiple regression. A very high relative contribution of the polar motion (49.4%) on the mean sea level rise, followed by planetary obliquity (46.7%) and a secondary contribution of lunar acceleration (3.9%) was found. Sea surface temperature and earth spin rate showed negative correlations with sea level rise. The annual changes of the polar motion, planetary obliquity and lunar acceleration appear to be the dominant physical mechanisms behind the SLR problem. These factors are largely driven by strong earthquakes. The rising oceanic tides in the last century up to the present is largely due to North Pole migration. Apparently, the observed polar migration and axial precession are caused by the increased eccentricity of the lunar orbit through changes in the lunar distance and lunar acceleration.
Standard and Digital Mental Health Services on Campus: Perspectives from Students, Clinicians, and Campus Leaders at 27 U.S. Colleges
Authors: Topooco Naira , Calderon Adam , Pan Zhaoyi , Taylor C Barr , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen , Wilfley Denise , Eisenberg Daniel , Newman Michelle G.
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study explored the perspectives of key campus stakeholders on the status of college mental health services and digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) as a strategy to address mental health disorders among college students. Methods: A nationwide online survey (N = 615) was conducted, including clinicians (n = 87) and campus leadership representatives (n = 49) from 27 U.S. colleges and universities during 3 periods of the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020 to December 2021). Responses from students from a parallel, related sub-study (n = 479) were collated to allow for potential comparisons. The survey assessed the uptake and perspectives of on-campus mental health services and 13 DMHIs. Chi-squared tests and one-way ANOVAs, along with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc pairwise comparisons, were run to tease apart group differences. Linear regression controlling for institutional location was run to examine changes over time on 1) usage of DMHIs, (2) perceptions of implementation interest for DMHIs, and (3) perceptions of delivery feasibility of on-campus mental health services. Results: Leadership representatives, to a higher degree, expressed being ‘Uncertain’ about the presence of training/guidelines than clinicians (75.6% versus 35.5%). Clinicians reported the highest relative degree of use for all DMHIs (M = 6.32, SD = 2.30). Telehealth therapy was viewed among the highest priorities to make available on campus by students (66.0%), clinicians (83.1%), and leadership representatives (82.9%). Students endorsed the lowest perceived delivery feasibility of on-campus mental health services. No significant interactions were found within early to mid to late pandemic periods. Conclusions: Overall stakeholders endorsed marked heterogeneity in uptake and perspectives and were observed not to change over time during the COVID-19 pandemic.
User comments
Authors: Schäfer Svenja , Planitzer Anna Maria
Published: January 2025

User comments are a multifaceted phenomenon, characterized not only by the diversity in their manifestations and effects but also by their prevalence and occurrence across various online platforms. While these user comments can contribute to fostering a more open, accessible, and deliberative public discourse online, their quality varies widely, with lower- quality comments, in particular, often exhibiting detrimental and worrying effects on the individual user, the online discourse environment, and society at large. This encyclopedia entry aims to provide a summary of the origins of user comments and their role for journalism, online deliberation, and society. Additionally, it seeks to highlight the normative implications associated with user comments, the distinctive qualities of user comments and current strategies for mitigating negative effects, as well as the impact of user comments and their role in shaping social dynamics.
Ignorance is Bliss: Exploring the Dual Role of Knowledge in Event Segmentation
Authors: Bağlar Ahmet Burhan , Gunseli Eren
Published: January 2025

Episodic memories are segmented. This study explores the dual role of prior knowledge in event segmentation, hypothesizing that knowledge leads to coarser segmentation when experiences align with it, and finer segmentation when they do not. Participants underwent a training phase to learn sequences of images, followed by a segmentation phase where they identified event boundaries, and finally, a surprise memory test. Our findings reveal that trained participants segmented less at expected transitions compared to untrained participants. Conversely, when sequences were disrupted, trained participants exhibited more segmentation. Interestingly, the segmentation differences diminished over time, suggesting that participants updated their expectations based on new experiences. Additionally, our study dissociated the roles of prediction errors and context switches in event segmentation. While prediction errors alone would predict larger differences between trained and untrained groups, we observed high segmentation rates in the trained group, even for expected transitions, underscoring the importance of contextual shifts. In conclusion, our results highlight that knowledge is a double-edged sword in event segmentation, promoting both coarser and finer segmentation. These findings provide insights into how the mind navigates and organizes experiences, emphasizing the nuanced interplay between knowledge, perception, and memory.
What are my friends really like? How we change our perceptions of familiar others’ traits and actions
Authors: Silver Benjamin , Yu Wangjing , Bolger Niall , Davachi Lila , Ochsner Kevin
Published: January 2025

In everyday life, our perceptions of others’ traits are influenced by a combination of their actions and our relationship with them. We enrolled 142 participants in a virtual escape room to examine a) whether an unfamiliar task changed perceptions of friends’ traits, b) which types of prior relationships influenced trait perceptions, and c) the relative importance of perceptions of actions in assessing traits. Higher pre-game similarity ratings led to increases in perceptions of competence, while higher pre-game liking ratings led to increases in perceptions of sociability. In addition, objective performance mattered for competence ratings, whereas subjective perceptions of performance mattered for sociability ratings. Our findings demonstrate the importance of real-world relationships not only for how we change our beliefs about others’ traits, but also for perceptions of the very actions we use as evidence for those beliefs.
AI Language Model Rivals Expert Ethicist in Perceived Moral Expertise
Authors: Dillion Danica , Mondal Debanjan , Tandon Niket , Gray Kurt
Published: January 2025

People view AI as possessing expertise across various fields, but the perceived quality of AI-generated moral expertise remains uncertain. Recent work suggests that large language models (LLMs) perform well on tasks designed to assess moral alignment, reflecting moral judgments with relatively high accuracy. As LLMs are increasingly employed in decision-making roles, there is a growing expectation for them to offer not just aligned judgments but also demonstrate sound moral reasoning. Here, we advance work on the Moral Turing Test and find that Americans rate ethical advice from GPT-4o as slightly more moral, trustworthy, thoughtful, and correct than that of the popular New York Times advice column, The Ethicist. Participants perceived GPT models as surpassing both a representative sample of Americans and a renowned ethicist in delivering moral justifications and advice, suggesting that people may increasingly view LLM outputs as viable sources of moral expertise. This work suggests that people might see LLMs as valuable complements to human expertise in moral guidance and decision-making. It also underscores the importance of carefully programming ethical guidelines in LLMs, considering their potential to influence users’ moral reasoning.
“Real proof instead of over hyped up bullshit”: Exploring the content of what would change people’s minds about climate change using OpenAI’s GPT
Authors: Lee Amy S G , Kirkland Kelly , Stanley Samantha , Robinson Abby , Leviston Zoe , Walker Iain
Published: January 2025

What do Australians believe would change their current opinions about climate change? To date, research has explored how political cues can influence the stability of climate opinions. However, minimal research has focused on the content that might alter the beliefs of different climate opinion holders. In this study, we used audience segmentation analysis to distinguish between distinct groups of climate opinion holders within a representative sample of Australians (N = 5110). We asked them what it would take to change their current opinions about climate change and leveraged OpenAI’s Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) to identify the presence or absence of five themes in their open-ended responses (Nothing, Evidence and Information, Trusted Sources, Action, and Unsure) plus a sixth Not Applicable category. GPT performed at near-human levels, proving to be a highly useful tool for thematic analysis. Our analyses revealed that strong climate denialists and believers tended to have more dogmatic responses to this question, with a greater likelihood of stating that nothing would change their mind. The results also highlighted the need for diverse forms of evidence and information and the importance of trusted sources of information across audience segments. These findings provide support for GPT’s utility as a tool for managing large datasets in the social sciences and offer participant-informed insights into climate opinion change.
Lack of peer reviewer diversity advantages scientists from wealthier countries
Authors: Zumel Dumlao James M. , Teplitskiy Misha
Published: January 2025

Authors from low- and middle-income countries often have lower acceptance rates in academic journals, leading to their ideas receiving less attention. One factor hypothesized to affect acceptance rates is the limited geographical diversity of peer reviewers. If reviewers favor submissions from their own country and authors from certain countries are disproportionately reviewed by same-country reviewers, this creates a “geographical representation bias.” Using administrative data from the Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP), encompassing metadata on 204,718 submissions to 60 English-language journals from January 2018 to December 2022, we find evidence of this bias even after controlling for manuscript quality. An exploratory analysis exploiting a policy that resulted in quasi-random anonymization of some submissions shows that hiding authors’ identities does not significantly reduce country-level homophily. The findings support the need for sustained efforts at diversifying reviewer pools.
The Promise: A Breakthrough for Social Science
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Sérgio Dias
Published: January 2025

This article orbits the promise of Sociology and presents the sociology of promises — or, more precisely, the science of promises, aimed at addressing all sociological curiosities and encompassing all that is sociological. In introducing the General Social Theory of Compromises (G-STOC), a framework designed to overcome the fragmentation of traditional social theories and address their limitations in explaining social behavior, a breakthrough is presented in eight main takeaways that are simultaneously ontological, epistemological and theoretical: (1) social coercive powers derive from actual or virtual agency; (2) virtual agency derives from promises; (3) all anger and disappointment derive from broken promises; (4) promises are always in dynamic reciprocal sets called compromises; (5) compromises are heuristic devices underlying all social relationships; (6) all social phenomena involve compromises; (7) to explain is to describe relationships and (8) sociological explanation, therefore, derives from the description of compromises and their history. The above tenets begin to outline a powerful and coherent framework and their proper appreciation is bound to have a profound impact in Social Science. Avoiding convoluted syntheses of competing theories and emphasizing the social importance of the future as well as theoretical novelty and superior heuristic power, the author advocates for clear conceptual and theoretical grounds to enable a complete and integrated explanation of social phenomena. With this innovative approach, the paper invites scholars to engage critically with G-STOC and explore its potential to unify and enhance the study of the social world, offering new insights about its complexities.
Scenario-based Sociotechnical Envisioning (SSE): The Guidebook
Authors: Kieslich Kimon , Helberger Natali , Diakopoulos Nicholas
Published: January 2025

Anticipating the impacts of new technology in society is at the crux of efforts to understand, advance, and govern its safety. However, doing so is fundamentally difficult. The evolution of various technical, social, policy conditions can modulate the direction of sociotechnical development in uncertain ways. But with prospections of the future come opportunities for agency, control, and forward-looking responsibility that are crucial to orienting stakeholders towards opportunities to steer the technology and be well-prepared to observe, measure, and ultimately evaluate its impact. Written scenarios can support such prospection and effectively serve as orienting devices in supporting strategic decision-making. The goal of scenario writing is not future prediction per se, but rather in helping to perceive potential future outcomes that can then inform what actions can be taken now to steer towards desirable futures. The breadth and richness of scenarios is enhanced when many diverse perspectives and sets of expertise and experience are brought into the process. Building on these ideas, in this guidebook we elaborate a method, which we term Scenario-Based Sociotechnical Envisioning (SSE), as we have applied it to study and anticipate the impacts of new AI technologies in society.
When Polanyi Met Schumpeter: Social Trust and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Xu Tao Louie , Zhu Weiwei
Published: January 2025

This research identifies the causality between entrepreneurial behaviour and informal institutions of social trust within the context of China’s development. Revisiting the Polanyi-Schumpeter theoretical framework, entrepreneurship embedded in social relations interlinked by trust is a dynamo of sustainable socioeconomic progress. The institutionalised trust, however, was not clarified. With micro-individual data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2011–2021, our research employs the instrumental variable approach rooted in historical rice farming to tackle endogeneity. The results demonstrate that social trust elevates entrepreneurial engagement by 32.65 and 10.37 percentage points in self-employment and business incorporation, respectively. Increased trust paradoxically hampers self-employment in the central due to insular networks and structural disparities. The findings uncover the nuanced role of social trust in facilitating and constraining entrepreneurship with contextually regional determinants. The research contributes to knowledge and evidence of institutional endowments that mediate entrepreneurial agency and argues for synchronising formal and informal institutions in development.
TIC y su impacto didáctico en la motivación de los estudiantes de Enfermería del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Universitario España
Authors: Cedeño Mero Devis , Medina-Crespo José Alberto , López-Padrón Alexander
Published: January 2025

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) han revolucionado diversos ámbitos, incluida la educación superior. Este estudio se centró en evaluar cómo el uso de las TIC impacta en la motivación académica de los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico Universitario España. Se analizó la percepción de 220 estudiantes utilizando un enfoque mixto, diseño no experimental, de alcance descriptivo, correlacional, se aplicó un cuestionario de 9 preguntas, cuyo nivel de confiabilidad interna se determinó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach (α = 0.815). Además, la Escala de Motivación Académica (EMA). Los resultados mostraron que el 40% de los estudiantes se sienten desmotivado en un nivel medio y medio alto, el 97,70% presentan una motivación extrínseca en nivel medio y medio alto, el 99,95% tienen una motivación intrínseca media y media alta. En cuanto a la percepción de las TIC, el 67,30% cree que mejoran su rendimiento académico, el 82,70% siente que facilitan una mejor comprensión, el 76% considera que hacen las clases más dinámicas y el 76% opina que optimizan el proceso de aprendizaje. Se concluyó que existe una relación significativa entre la desmotivación y el rendimiento académico. Asimismo, se observó una correlación positiva con la comprensión académica, las clases dinámicas, la motivación por el aprendizaje. Además, la motivación extrínseca y la motivación intrínseca  mostraron una correlación positiva con los métodos tradiciones de enseñanza.
Remote sensing and geological techniques for exploration of metallic minerals in the meta-sedimentary rocks o Ogotun, Ikeji-Ile and Ipetu Area, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Applied Geology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria., Ayodele Olusiji Samuel , Olususi Joseph Ige ,   Department of Applied Geology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria., Ajigo Isaac Ominyi ,   Department of Applied Geology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria.
Published: January 2025

The study area (Ogotun, Ikeji-Ile and Ipetu) belongs to the southeastern part of Ilesha schist belt, widely acclaimed as hosts to metallic mineralization and associated ore deposits. There is paucity of information on the geological and structural settings as well as mineralization history of the study area. Hence, the need for this research, to provide necessary geological information as well as reliable clues to its mineralization potentials. A Sentinel-2A Imagery of the study area was acquired and digitally processed to constitute the remotely-sensed data, followed by automatic extraction of lineaments using Envi 5.0, Geomatical, Arc Gis 10.3 and Rockwork software to generate the required lineaments, lineament density as well as the mineralogical maps of the study area. Thirty-two rock samples were systematically picked during field examination, while fifteen of the samples were carefully selected for petrographic analysis under transmitted light microscope for its mineralogical composition. Remote sensing results revealed paucity of lineaments in the study area due to the ductile nature of the rocks. Also, the major lineaments trend in the NE-SW direction while the subsidiary ones in the E-W direction has been modified by several deformation episodes. The mineralogical map from remote sensing indicated the presence of FeS2 which is an indication of iron sulphide mineralization due to supergene enrichment, while areas with higher lineaments densities were discovered not to host any mineralization because their geometrics have been destroyed by subsequent deformations. Hence, lithologic control of mineralization is confirmed. The five rocks samples whose thin sections earlier revealed opaque minerals under transmitted light were prepared for ore microscopic study and the result also confirmed the presence of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) which is majorly hosted by the quartz-schists. Conclusively, the presence of FeS2 and chalcopyrite indicate the possibility of other ore minerals which may be present but not detected.
Spatial distribution and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of Kolo- Creek and Environs, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria., Ajayi O. , Okeke O. C. ,   Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria., Okereke C. N. ,   Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria., Amadi C. C. ,   Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria., Ubechu B. O. ,   Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the distribution of heavy metals and human health risk assessment of them in the groundwater of Kolo Creek and environs, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Groundwater samples were collected from ten geo-referenced borehole points drilled to depths of 6 m. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was utilised to ascertain the pollutant concentrations in the conserved samples. The average mean concentrations of the heavy metals (Cu = 0.43 mg/l, Zn =0.97 mg/l), (Cr, Cd, Hg, and Al not detected) in this study area for the two seasons were below international recommended limits except Pb = 0.019 mg/l and Fe = 35.57 mg/l which are above the international recommended limits of 0.01 mg/l and 0.3 mg/l respectively. The HI average (non-carcinogenic risk) value (1.561) for adults in all the locations is greater than 1, suggestive of likely health problems. The average HI value for children in all the locations is also greater than 1 (3.698), three times the value of adults also suggestive of greater health problems due to presence of the metallic contaminants in the children compared to the adults. The average CR (carcinogenic risk) value for Pb in adults and children in all locations exceeded (> 10−6) suggesting the possibility of cancer risk due to the intake of contaminated groundwater. Therefore, the results show that the children are at greater risk of cancer threefold more than the adults.
Distribution of palynomorphs from mangrove swamps in the Eagle Island section of the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta
Authors:   Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria., Acra E. J. , Ihunda C. E. ,   Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria., Inyang Michael M. ,   Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria., Njoku Kingsley Eze ,   Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria.
Published: January 2025

Palynological results have been employed in interpreting the distribution of palynomorphs from mangrove swamps in the Eagle Island section of the New Calabar River, recent sediments from fifteen locations in the area were palynologically examined. The results record about forty per cent in abundance of palynomorphs, it shows that the pollen from mangroves was believed to have substantially increased to very high grains, and probably transported landward by wind with the presence of charred Poaceae cuticles and Podocarpus milanjianus which has accounted for the higher records of Poaceae in the study area. The abundant plants represented in the sediment source areas as revealed by the palynomorphs recovered are Poaceae, Elaeis guineensis, Acrostichum aureum, Pteris spp., Nephrolepis undulata, Cyclosorus afar and Verrucatosporites spp. Pollen of Rhizophora spp. and freshwater forest trees that are abundant in sediments have been reduced greatly and replaced by Poaceae and Elaeis guineensis pollen due to anthropogenic activities. Proximity to shore determines the abundance of pollen and spores, fungal spores Concentricytes. Protoperidinium spp. and other dinoflagellates with the lowest temperature and high salinity. Microforaminiferal wall linings were however recovered mostly in the proximal area, recovered diatoms show useful ecological trends. These results further confirm the usefulness of these palynomorphs and diatoms for paleoenvironmental and paleovegetational reconstruction. The degradation of ecosystems has undergone anthropological activities within the study area.
Humanitarianism vs Human Rights: a Practitioner's Perspective
Authors: Weingartner Erich , Merriman Kate
Published: January 2025

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The co-author of this article, Erich Weingartner, has worked internationally in both human rights and humanitarian aid. Based on his expertise, especially in the Korean peninsula, and on Lutheran theology, he analyzes the tensions between defending human rights and providing humanitarian aid, arguing that a crime and punishment paradigm cannot heal the divisions within our polarized world. The existential threats facing humanity require cooperation and reconciliation. He advocates abandoning dualism and confessing our own complicity in creating and perpetuating the current humanitarian and ecological crises.
Whither By-laws: Association Regulations, Then and Now
Authors: Ascough Richard S.
Published: January 2025

Ancient associations had very few extant regulations, but those that have survived indicate a variety of functions, such as outlining the structure of the association; delineating the rights, responsibilities, and privileges of members; and establishing norms of behaviour and consequences for non-compliance. Moreover, by-laws codified procedures for decision-making, dispute resolution, and the amendment of governing regulations. The by-laws of these ancient occupational and religious groups can be compared to modern academic societies and in so doing shed light on one another's practices. In particular, the concern with purpose, membership, finance, meetings, and especially behaviour cross the temporal and cultural divide in ways that allow the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies and other academic societies to think more carefully about how they are constituted and, more importantly, how they might respond to broader societal situations that are not directly in their purview.
A Sin against Humanity and God: the Genocide of the Palestinian People and the Churches’ Silence
Authors: Andraos Michel , Barter Jane
Published: January 2025

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At its annual meeting in June 2024, the members of the Canadian Theological Society passed a motion of solidarity with Palestinians and student protesters in encampments at universities around the globe. 1 The statement lamented the loss of over 40,000 lives in Palestine (at time of writing), including 15,000 children; condemned the scholasticide in Gaza; and articulated our condolences and solidarity with those students and faculty members there who continue to learn and teach in the most horrific of circumstances. The statement was also an articulation of the society's commitment to learning from Palestinian Christians and to heed their call for Western theologians, educational institutions, and churches to repent of their long-standing indifference to their suffering and to their complicity in their ongoing genocide. In this essay, the authors unpack the impetus, meaning, and significance of this motion for Canadian theology today as they urge Canadian theological institutions and churches to critically and urgently assess their historical indifference to and complicity in the ongoing Nakba of the Palestinian people. The authors also call on Canadian theologians to investigate the abiding connections between the theological justification of settler colonialism in Canada and Palestine, and the genocide of indigenous peoples.