bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tribal Litany for Survival: Dresslerville, Nevada, and South Lake Tahoe, California
Authors: Barnd Natchee
Published: October 2014

This essay confronts the mundane power of street names and street signs in the production of race, space, and difference. It offers a scholarly meditation by using selections from Audre Lorde’s poem “A Litany for Survival,” the author’s personal narrative, and interdisciplinary research methods. This meditation explores the unique role of Indianness in the production of space within the U.S. The essay illustrates how Native and non-Native communities deploy public markers of Indianness in the form of street names and signs in ways that reflect their distinctive identities, experiences, and cultural and racial projects. It offers a concrete comparison between the Indian-themed neighborhoods of South Lake Tahoe, California, and a Washiw tribal community in central-western Nevada, in order to argue how street names can reflect and help to reproduce not just expected cultural differences, but also racialized identities, racialized space, and the geographies of American colonization and occupation.
The Banquet of the Common Sense: George Chapman’s Anti-Epyllion
Authors: Weaver William P.
Published: October 2014

Scholars have read Ouids Banquet of Sence (1595) most often within George Chap-man’s corpus of poems, and have taken it as an example of Chapman’s idiosyncratic poetics. Some scholars have acknowledged the poem’s kinship with the “epyllion,” or erotic verse narrative, represented by Christopher Marlowe’s Hero and Leander and William Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis , but its relationship to this fashionable genre remains largely undefined. This essay demonstrates that Ouids Banquet directly engages the epyllion vogue, attacking the abuses of culture that Chapman found in the genre, and mimicking its stylistic faults as symptoms of these abuses. Chapman diagnoses two abuses common to English epyllia of the period: the removal of poetic narrative and performance from public occasions, and the exploiting of rhetorical education for private ends. Attention to this critique in Ouids Banquet illuminates the genre of the English epyllion and clarifies some controversial aspects of Chapman’s poetics, especially his view of the relationship between poetry and rhetoric.
“The Time When … The Place Where”: Chronotopes and Chronologies in Love’s Labour’s Lost
Authors: Collington Tara , Collington Philip
Published: October 2014

William Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost notoriously confronts readers and playgoers with a number of puzzles linked to its representation of time and space, resulting in thematic and generic controversies, such as its refusal to end in marriage, “like an old play” (5.2.856). Careful study of unfolding narrative events reveals three overlapping temporal frameworks that render the comedy’s unfolding plot at times cyclical and slow, at times measured and moderate, at times linear and fast. These frameworks are accompanied by such spatial juxtapositions as private study vs. public ceremony, bucolic nature vs. courtly artifice, and monastic asceticism vs. worldly pleasures. Using Mikhail Bakhtin’s chronotope, which posits the indissoluble connection of time and space in literature, this article will identify three temporo-spatial frames that we have termed the chronotope of the retreat , the chronotope of the embassy , and the chronotope of the comic idyll . Each proves a locus or matrix where narrative events, cultural associations, and generic expectations intermingle to create a complex experience for playgoers and readers. Familiarity with these three models renders the play’s purportedly shocking conclusion rather more topically apt, generically logical, and chronotopically inevitable. The resulting temporo-spatial medley generates hitherto unrecognized comic subgenres, thematic coherence, and structural cohesiveness in a play often dismissed as haphazardly plotted or formally inconsistent.
The Soil’s Holy Bodies: The Art of Chorography in William of Malmesbury’s Gesta Pontificum Anglorum
Authors: Wright Sarah Breckenridge
Published: October 2014

This article contends that chorography was instrumental to national identity in the century following the Norman Invasion. William of Malmesbury’s Gesta Pontificum Anglorum , in particular, uses the rhetoric of travelogues, perambulation, and visual description to write a history of England that recovers the nation’s pre-Conquest identity. This analysis pays special attention to William’s use of grave sites and embodiment to reconcile cultural difference in the early twelfth century and regulate national memory by fusing it with the land.
Romancing the City: Margery Kempe in Rome
Authors: Howes Laura L.
Published: October 2014

Margery Kempe’s experiences in Rome mimic not only those of female saints but also those of Middle English romance heroines, including Constance and Emaré. The geography and social disorganization of early fifteenth-century Rome contribute to this reading of Kempe as a romance heroine alone in an environment of scarcity, chance, and miraculous events.
“Warlike pastimes” and the “sottell Snaek” of Rebellion: Bristol, Queen Elizabeth, and the Entertainments of 1574
Authors: Adrian John M.
Published: October 2014

Though typically seen as occasions of royal performance, Elizabethan progresses were also performative occasions for the cities and towns that were visited by the queen and her retinue. This essay will look closely at the entertainments created for the queen’s 1574 visit to Bristol. Although Bristol was the realm’s third largest city (by both population and wealth), its city and diocesan charters were recent (1542) and its city corporation had endured repeated challenges to its authority; the bishops of Bristol, the surrounding landed gentry, the Council of the Marches, and the Court of Admirality had all impinged on the corporation’s jurisdiction—usually under the pretense of stabilizing this potentially volatile region. I argue that these recent challenges helped determine the form and content of Bristol’s 1574 pageants. Though the purpose of these performances was ostensibly to entertain the queen, the city officials created distinctively martial pageants in order to highlight the military prowess of Bristol’s citizen militia and to underscore the city’s ability to prevent rebellion in the West. In doing so, these “shows” make a calculated argument for affirming the authority of the city corporation.
Examining primary school teachers' coping styles with stress according to different variables
Authors: Kılınç Ali Çağatay , Recepoğlu Ergün , Koşar Serkan
Published: October 2014

The study seeks to explore primary school teachers' coping styles with stress according to such different variables as gender, branch, age, and total teaching experience. A total of 368 teachers employed in 14 primary schools in Ankara participated in the study. "Scale of Coping with Stress" was used to gather data. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data. The results revealed that teachers used self-confident and optimistic coping styles more than others. Results also indicated that teachers' perceptions of coping styles differed significantly on self-confident subscale according to gender variable and that their perceptions differed significantly on optimistic coping style according to both age and total teaching experience variables.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle injection: alternative option for the treatment of pancreatic insulinoma. Case report
Authors: Bor Renáta , Farkas Klaudia , Bálint Anita , Molnár Tamás , Nagy Ferenc , Valkusz Zsuzsanna , Sepp Krisztián , Tiszlavicz László , Hamar Sándor , Szepes Zoltán
Published: October 2014

Endoscopic ultrasound is the most accurate imaging modality for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle injection has already been used for palliative interventions. Surgical resection is currently the standard treatment for pancreatic insulinoma. Medical treatment may be necessary for symptomatic patients with unresectable disease. Case reports have been published about the success of endoscopic ultrasound-guided alcoholic ablation, but it has not been reported previously in Hungarian literature. The authors present the history of an 83-year-old woman who was evaluated because of repeated hypoglycemic coma occurring during the night. Endosonographic image and laboratory findings (elevated serum insulin and chromogranin A) revealed pancreatic insulinoma. Because of severe comorbidities and high risk of surgical resection, the decision was made to ablate the insulinoma by endoscopic ultrasound-guided alcohol injection. A total of 3 mL 95% ethanol was injected into the tumor. Despite the discontinuation of the diazoxide therapy the hypoglycemic episodes disappeared. This case history confirms that endoscopic ultrasound-guided alcoholic ablation is a novel, minimal invasive alternative treatment for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in whom surgery is not feasible. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(41), 1647–1651.
Multiple Sclerosis: Overview of Disease-Modifying Agents
Authors: Finkelsztejn Alessandro
Published: October 2014

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that usually affects young adults, causing progressive physical and cognitive disability. Since the 1990s, its treatment has been based on parenteral medications known collectively as immunomodulators. This drug class is considered safe and usually prevents 30% of MS relapses. Drugs in this class exert almost the same efficacy and require an inconvenient administration route. New medications have recently been launched worldwide. Thus, new oral drugs are increasingly being administered to MS patients and contributing to a better quality of life, since these have better efficacy than the old immunomodulators. Today, 10 different drugs for MS are marketed worldwide, which requires deep knowledge among neurologists and other healthcare professionals. This paper summarizes all the drugs approved for MS in the US and Europe, emphasizing their mechanism of action, the results from phase II and III studies, and the product safety.
Vaping in Youth
Authors: Winickoff Jonathan P. , Evins A. Eden , Levy Sharon
Published: August 2024

This JAMA Insights reviews the health effects of vaping among youth in the US and current recommendations for screening and treatment.
Frequency of Skin Biopsies for Psoriasis by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Fitzsimmons Robert , Chu Emily Y. , Shin Daniel B. , Takeshita Junko
Published: August 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates the frequency of skin biopsies, as an indicator of diagnostic uncertainty, by race and ethnicity among patients with psoriasis seen in an academic dermatology practice.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage Across the Life Course and Premature Mortality
Authors: Lawrence Wayne R. , Kucharska-Newton Anna M. , Magnani Jared W. , Brewer LaPrincess C. , Shiels Meredith S. , George Kristen M. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Jenkins Brittany D. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Carson April P. , Freedman Neal D.
Published: August 2024

Importance

There are consistent data demonstrating that socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with risk of premature mortality, but research on the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and premature mortality is limited. Most studies evaluating the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality have used a single assessment of SES during middle to older adulthood, thereby not considering the contribution of early life neighborhood SES.

Objective

To investigate the association of life course neighborhood SES and premature mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included Black and White participants of the multicenter Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, a multicenter study conducted in 4 US communities: Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; and the northwestern suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Participants were followed up for a mean (SD) of 18.8 (5.7) years (1996-2020). Statistical analysis was performed from March 2023 through May 2024.

Exposure

Participants’ residential addresses during childhood, young adulthood, and middle adulthood were linked with US Census–based socioeconomic indicators to create summary neighborhood SES scores for each of these life epochs. Neighborhood SES scores were categorized into distribution-based tertiles.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Premature death was defined as all-cause mortality occurring before age 75 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results

Among 12 610 study participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 62.6 (5.6) years; 3181 (25.2%) were Black and 9429 (74.8%) were White; and 7222 (57.3%) were women. The lowest, compared with the highest tertile, of neighborhood SES score in middle adulthood was associated with higher risk of premature mortality (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.54). Similar associations were observed for neighborhood SES in young adulthood among women (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00-1.56) and neighborhood SES in childhood among White participants (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.56). Participants whose neighborhood SES remained low from young to middle adulthood had an increased premature mortality risk compared with those whose neighborhood SES remained high (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, low neighborhood SES was associated with premature mortality. The risk of premature mortality was greatest among individuals experiencing persistently low neighborhood SES from young to middle adulthood. Place-based interventions that target neighborhood social determinants of health should be designed from a life course perspective that accounts for early-life socioeconomic inequality.
Primary Care Use and 90-Day Mortality Among Older Adults Undergoing Cancer Surgery
Authors: Kazaure Hadiza S. , Neely N. Ben , Howard Lauren E. , Hyslop Terry , Shahsahebi Mohammad , Zullig Leah L. , Oeffinger Kevin C.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Multimorbidity and postoperative clinical decompensation are common among older surgical patients with cancer, highlighting the importance of primary care to optimize survival. Little is known about the association between primary care use and survivorship among older adults (aged ≥65 years) undergoing cancer surgery.

Objective

To examine primary care use among older surgical patients with cancer and its association with mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this retrospective cohort study, data were abstracted from the electronic health record of a single health care system for older adults undergoing cancer surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. There were 3 tiers of stratification: (1) patients who had a primary care practitioner (PCP) (physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant) vs no PCP, (2) those who had a PCP and underwent surgery in the same health system (unfragmented care) vs not (fragmented care), and (3) those who had a primary care visit within 90 postoperative days vs not. Data were analyzed between August 2023 and January 2024.

Exposure

Primary care use after surgery for colorectal, head and neck, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, breast, liver, renal cell, non–small cell lung, endometrial, gastric, or esophageal cancer.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Postoperative 90-day mortality was analyzed using inverse propensity weighted Kaplan-Meier curves, with log-rank tests adjusted for propensity scores.

Results

The study included 2566 older adults (mean [SEM] age, 72.9 [0.1] years; 1321 men [51.5%]). Although 2404 patients (93.7%) had health insurance coverage, 743 (28.9%) had no PCP at the time of surgery. Compared with the PCP group, the no-PCP group had a higher 90-day postoperative mortality rate (2.0% vs 3.6%, respectively; adjusted P = .03). For the 823 patients with unfragmented care, 400 (48.6%) had a primary care visit within 90 postoperative days (median time to visit, 34 days; IQR, 20-57 days). Patients who had a postoperative primary care visit were more likely to be older, have a higher comorbidity burden, have an emergency department visit, and be readmitted. However, they had a significantly lower 90-day postoperative mortality rate than those who did not have a primary care visit (0.3% vs 3.3%, respectively; adjusted P = .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that follow-up with primary care within 90 days after cancer surgery is associated with improved survivorship among older adults.
Dynamic methylation and expression of alternative promoters for oestrogen receptor alpha in cell line models of fulvestrant resistance
Authors: Albrecht Juliane , Müller Mirjam , Hafstað Völundur , Kaminska Kamila , Vallon‐Christersson Johan , Honeth Gabriella , Persson Helena
Published: August 2024

Oestrogen receptor alpha (ER; gene symbol ESR1) is the most important prognostic and treatment‐predictive biomarker in breast cancer. Drugs targeting oestrogen and ER for endocrine therapy of breast cancer include aromatase inhibitors, the selective ER modulator tamoxifen and the selective ER degrader fulvestrant. Tumours can develop resistance to endocrine therapy through several mechanisms, which is often linked to altered expression of ER. To investigate the role of promoter methylation in the regulation of ESR1 expression, we used bisulfite sequencing to measure methylation at CpG sites in alternative ER promoter regions for six cell line models of fulvestrant resistance. Both CpG methylation and expression of alternative first exons changed dynamically, with striking differences between cell lines that had stable or unstable resistance upon fulvestrant withdrawal. Methylation at some CpG sites was strongly negatively correlated with expression of specific first exons. In a breast tumour cohort, higher relative expression of upstream alternative first exons was associated with worse prognosis in post‐menopausal women with ER‐positive tumours who received endocrine therapy.
Spatiotemporal fault estimation for switched nonlinear reaction–diffusion systems via adaptive iterative learning
Authors: Peng Zenglong , Song Xiaona , Song Shuai , Stojanovic Vladimir
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an iterative learning‐based spatiotemporal fault estimation issue in switched reaction–diffusion systems is investigated. Initially, average dwell‐time switching rules are utilized to describe a class of switched reaction–diffusion systems characterized by mode jumps. Then, different from the existing fault estimation methods, a fault estimator is designed for spatiotemporal faults to realize an accurate estimation of faults by using the iterative learning strategy. Subsequently, to improve the speed of fault estimation, an adaptive iterative learning‐based fault estimation law is proposed, which can achieve faster fault estimation by continuously adjusting the iterative learning gain. Moreover, sufficient conditions for the convergence of the fault estimation error are obtained by using the ‐norm and the mathematical induction methods. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to check the practicality and superiority of the proposed fault estimation scheme.
Modelling Approaches of the Dispersion Process for Conductive Slurries in Chemical Process Industries
Authors: Shariq Mohammed , Nemec Dominik
Published: August 2024

In this article, the review on different modeling approaches used for the dispersion of conductive slurries is presented. It comprises three parts: state‐of‐the‐art dispersion process, physiochemical properties, and different modelling approaches. The first part explains the physical mechanism involved in the mixing process and gives an in‐depth understanding of the applicability of the current techniques available commercially with respect to lab‐scale, pilot plant, and industrially upscaled production of these conductive slurries. The main challenges in slurry formulation prevent the formation of agglomerates and breaking down the preexisting agglomerates. It can be understood by studying the role of process parameters such as mixing time and stirring speed involved in the dispersion process. The second part focusses on the important physiochemical properties such as solid content, particle size distribution, and rheology that influences the electrode performance. The third part focusses on the available modelling approaches based on computational‐fluid‐dynamics‐ and coarse‐grained‐molecular‐dynamics‐based on the need as well as the complexity involved. The important aspects such as accuracy, computational cost, advantages, and limitations for both these approaches are discussed that will help the readers to select an appropriate technique in the modelling paradigm to reduce the energy consumption in the dispersion process.
The PolyCraft Polymer–Metal Hybrid Smart Stent System: The Future of Cardiovascular Blood Pressure Management
Authors: Wang Lei , Oyunbaatar Nomin‐Erdene , Jeong Yun‐Jin , Lee Heonzoo , Won Yonggwan , Jeong In‐Seok , Kayumov Mukhammad , Obiweluozor Francis O. , Kim Dong‐Su , Lee Dong‐Weon
Published: August 2024

To address the complication of in‐stent restenosis that occurs with traditional stent treatments, this study proposes an innovative hybrid smart stent‐based medical system. This approach allows to overcome the limitations of existing bare metal or polymer‐based smart stents, which interfere with radio frequency signals, less deformability, or do not provide adequate radial support, respectively. The proposed hybrid stent, which uses a Co/Cr–polycaprolactone (PCL)–Co/Cr configuration connected by a unique dual inverted Y‐type connector for metal–polymer integration is integrated with a LC wireless pressure sensor fabricated through a semiconductor process. The fabricated hybrid stent made by laser machining and custom‐made 3D printing, offers excellent properties such as radial strength (0.125 N/mm) and flexibility (2 N mm2) and provides intravascular information to the outside through the integrated sensor without signal degradation. After basic experiments using a phantom, animal experiments are conducted by combining the fabricated sensor with artificial blood vessel, and the results measured by the external antenna system are consistent with the results of a commercial reference sensor. The proposed wireless sensor‐based smart stents and artificial blood vessels aim to gather diverse patient health data for integration with artificial intelligence, laying the groundwork for next‐generation medical innovation.
A Ubiquitin‐Competitive Strategy Based on the Element Microenvironment to Treat Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kong Keyu , Yang Yuqi , Chang Yongyun , Chen Youdong , Yang Xiao , Qin Jiahao , Song Zhuorun , Lu Shunyi , Zhai Zanjing , Ge Jun , Li Huiwu , Cheng Liang
Published: August 2024

Recent research on ferroptosis and cuproptosis has underscored the crucial role of trace element regulation in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. However, research systematically addressing the alterations in nutrient elements in OA cartilage is lacking. This study is initiated using clinical specimens to quantify metal element concentrations in both damaged and intact cartilage to identify deficient trace elements within the inflammatory and senescent microenvironments of OA. Based on the preliminary findings of selenium (Se) and gallium (Ga) deficiencies in OA cartilage, tailored nanoparticles based on Se and Ga are designed and validated for their antioxidant ability. GaSex nanoparticles demonstrated significant efficacy in mitigating chondrocyte degeneration and extracellular matrix degradation induced by inflammatory factors and in alleviating cartilage abrasion, hyperalgesia, and abnormal gait in a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model. Mechanistically, GaSex nanoparticles activated the Nrf2 pathway and competitively inhibited the ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of Gpx4, thus inhibiting ferroptosis. This study systematically designed GaSex nanoparticles based on the imbalance of trace elements within the OA knee joint microenvironment and demonstrated robust antioxidant capabilities and remarkable competitive properties for ubiquitin, thereby providing a novel therapeutic solution for OA treatment.
Phosphate Ion‐Responsive and Calcium Peroxide‐Based Nanomedicine for Bone‐Targeted Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Fan Dehui , Li Jing , Li Luwei , An Ming , Yang Hua , Zhou Guoqiang , Gao Shutao , Bottini Massimo , Zhang Jinchao , Ge Kun
Published: August 2024

The treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis is an unresolved clinical challenge, mostly because currently therapeutic approaches cannot simultaneously block the tumor growth and repair the osteolytic bone injuries at the metastatic site. Herein, the study develops a novel nanomedicine to treat breast cancer bone metastasis. The nanomedicine is based on phosphate ion‐responsive and calcium peroxide‐based nanoparticles carrying the bone‐targeting agent zoledronic acid on the surface and loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green. Following intravenous administration to a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis, the nanoparticles efficiently accumulate at the bone metastasis site, react with free phosphate ions, and form hydroxyapatite nanoaggregates and O2, while releasing the photosensitizer. Hydroxyapatite nanoaggregates elicit the remineralization of the collagenous bone matrix and trigger tumor cell apoptosis. Upon irradiating tumor‐bearing legs with an 808 nm laser source, the O2 and free photosensitizer produced 1O2 by the reaction of the nanoparticles with phosphate ions, further boosting the anti‐tumor effect. Tumor killing hampers the vicious cycle at the site of bone metastasis, translating to osteolysis blockade and further encouraging the remineralization of bone matrix. This work sheds light on the development of a novel, safe, and efficient approach for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
Biopolymer and Biomimetic Techniques for Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs)
Authors: Liu Zhaoqi , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: August 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) play a crucial role in attaining sustainable energy for various wearable devices. Polymer materials are essential components of TENGs. Biopolymers are suitable materials for TENGs because of their degradability, natural sourcing, and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, the latest progress in commonly used biopolymers and well‐designed biomimetic techniques for TENG is summarized. The applications of natural rubber, polysaccharides, protein‐based biopolymers, and other common synthetic biopolymers in TENG technology are summarized in detail. Each biopolymer is discussed based on its electrification capability, polarity variations, and specific functionalities as active and functional layers of TENGs. Important biomimetic strategies and related applications of specific biopolymers are also summarized to guide the structural and functional design of TENG. In the future, the study of triboelectric biopolymers may focus on exploring alternative candidates, enhancing charge density, and expanding functionality. Various possible applications of biopolymer‐based TENGs are proposed in this review. By applying biopolymers and related biomimetic methods to TENG devices, the applications of TENG in the fields of healthcare, environmental monitoring, and wearable/implantable electronics can be further promoted.
Si Nanorod Array Integrated Microfluidic Device for Enhanced Extracellular Vesicle Isolation
Authors: Kang Hanyue , Li Cheng , Liu Wenfei , Yang Tongqing , Ma Liang , Sun Na , Xu Xiaobin
Published: August 2024

Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted tremendous interest as one of the early cancer diagnostic markers. The major obstacle preventing EV‐based liquid biopsy is the efficient collection of EVs from the complex body fluid environment. This paper introduces a nanorod‐integrated microfluidic chip capable of immunoaffinity‐isolating EVs. Periodic silicon nanorod arrays in zigzag channels are prepared by nanosphere lithography. Nanorod sidewalls provide larger binding sites for antibodies, and their close interspacing to the EV sizes improves the binding probability. The fluid simulation results show that the significant increase in isolation efficiency also comes from the liquid perturbation enhanced by the particular nanorod arrangement. Under optimal operating conditions, plasma samples from patients (n = 14) with different types of cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma) to the chip for EV isolation is applied. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the expression level of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in isolated EVs is then quantified using droplet digital PCR, showing good diagnostic performance in cancer detection.
Catalytic urea electrooxidation on nickel‐metal hydroxide foams for use in a simplified dialysis device
Authors: Pyka Anthony , Bergsman David S. , Stuve Eric M.
Published: August 2024

Electrocatalytic urea removal is a promising technology for artificial kidney dialysis and wastewater treatment. Urea electrooxidation was studied on nickel electrocatalysts modified with Cr, Mo, Mn, and Fe. Mass transfer limits were observed for urea oxidation at physiological concentrations (10 mmol L). Urea oxidation kinetics were explored at higher concentrations (200 mmol L), showing improved performance, but with lower currents per active site. A simplified dialysis model was developed to examine the relationship of mass transfer coefficients and extent of reaction on flowrate, composition, and pH of the reacting stream. For a nickel hydroxide catalyst operating at 1.45 V, 37 , and pH 7.1, the model shows a minimum geometric electrode area of 1314 cm2 is needed to remove 3.75 g urea h with a flow rate of 200 mL min for continuous operation.
Identification and characterization of microplastics in human nasal samples
Authors: Min Hyun Jin , Kim Kyung Soo , Kim Hyunjung , Gong Jiyoung , Jeong Jinyoung
Published: August 2024

Key points

Human nasal cavity samples were collected, and presence of microplastics were evaluated.

Microplastics were present, and major types were polyethylene, polyester, acrylic polymer, and polypropylene.

Further research is needed regarding microplastics and its clinical impact on human nasal cavity.
Visualization of Electrooxidation on Palladium Single Crystal Surfaces via In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Yu‐Lin , Ji Xu , Wang Xue , He Quan‐Feng , Dong Jin‐Chao , Le Jia‐Bo , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: August 2024

The electrooxidation of catalyst surfaces is across various electrocatalytic reactions, directly impacting their activity, stability and selectivity. Precisely characterizing the electrooxidation on well‐defined surfaces is essential to understanding electrocatalytic reactions comprehensively. Herein, we employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to monitor the electrooxidation process of palladium single crystal. Our findings reveal that the Pd surface's initial electrooxidation process involves forming *OH intermediate and ClO4− ions facilitate the deprotonation process, leading to the formation of PdOx. Subsequently, under deep electrooxidation potential range, the oxygen atoms within PdOx contribute to creating surface‐bound peroxide species, ultimately resulting in oxygen generation. The adsorption strength of *OH and the coverage of ClO4− can be adjusted by the controllable electronic effect, resulting in different oxidation rates. This study offers valuable insights into elucidating the electrooxidation mechanisms underlying a range of electrocatalytic reactions, thereby contributing to the rational design of catalysts.
Size‐Increased All‐Phenylene Molecular Spoked Wheels – A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Approach
Authors: Krämer Philipp , Kohn Julia , Hofmeister David Ari , Kersten Maximilian , Sterzenbach Christopher , Gres Antonia , Hansen Andreas , Jester Stefan‐Sven , Grimme Stefan , Höger Sigurd
Published: August 2024

A lateral expansion of molecular spoked wheels (MSWs) based on an all‐phenylene backbone is described. The MSWs contain a central hub, six spokes, and a rim that is formed by a sixfold Yamamoto coupling of the respective non‐cyclized dodecabromo precursor yielding MSWs with up to 30 phenylene rings in the perimeter. Attempts to prepare compounds of such size without flexible side groups at the spokes were unsuccessful, most probably due to an aggregation and accompanying oligomerization of the precursors during the cyclization. To overcome these problems, fluorene units are inserted into the spokes. These contain additional alkyl chains and lead to a curvature of the wheels. Quantum chemical calculations on the mechanism of the Yamamoto coupling lead to geometry and strain‐related criteria for the successful rim closure to the respective MSW. Subsequently, MSWs are prepared with four and even six phenylene units at each edge of the hexagonal wheels. The resulting MSWs are characterized by spectroscopic methods, and additionally some of them are visualized via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Robust G‐Quadruplex Dimer‐Guided Transmembrane DNA Nanovehicles for Targeted Payload Delivery
Authors: Liu Chengbin , Wang Qiwei , Shi Lili , Li Tao
Published: August 2024

Here we report a robust G‐quadruplex (G4) dimer‐guided transmembrane DNA nanovehicle for targeted payload delivery, based on dimeric G4‐proximized aptamers that efficiently target transferrin receptors (TfR) over‐expressed on cancer cell surface. It enables the cancer‐specific delivery of fluorescent G4 ligands and therapeutic drugs for cellular imaging and treatment.
Nanosize Controllable Two‐Dimensional (Cu–S)n Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid With Reduced Graphene Oxide by In Situ Microwave and Hydrothermal Synthesis for Electrochemical Neurotransmitter Detection
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Yuan , Yu Yuan‐Hsiang , Li Si‐Yu , Teng Kun‐Ling , Chen Hsiu‐Hui , Liu Yen‐Hsiang , Lu Kuang‐Lieh
Published: August 2024

We present a groundbreaking technique for controllably synthesizing nanosized semiconductive two‐dimensional (2D) (Cu–S)n metal–organic framework (MOF)/graphene nanocomposites for electrochemical sensing of neurotransmitter 2‐phenethylamine (PEA). The (Cu–S)n MOF size is controlled by graphene oxide proportions, enhancing electrocatalytic activity. The modified electrode exhibits a surface area increase from 0.0639 to 0.1906 cm2 and impressive limit of detection (0.0156 and 0.004 μM) within linear ranges of 15–200 μM and 1–10 μM, offering exceptional selectivity, reproducibility, and repeatability for biosensing.
Photoactive Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Framework Material for Synergistic Cyclization Approach to Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Sun Xiaoman , Su Qing , Luo Kexin , Liu Shufang , Ren Hao , Wu Qiaolin
Published: August 2024

As one of the most potential platforms for heterogeneous catalysis, two‐dimensional porphyrin‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted great research interests. In this work, following the correlation of COF structure and their performance, a type of donor–acceptor 2D COF (Por‐COF‐Zn) based on porphyrin and thiophene units was designed and easily constructed by one‐pot method using 5,10,15,20‐tetra‐(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP), thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2,5‐dicarbaldehyde, and zinc acetate. The as‐synthesized COF material is tested to show high crystallinity and good thermal and chemical stability. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measure results show that the specific surface area of Por‐COF‐Zn is 413.6 m2g−1, and the pore volume is 0.279 cm3g−1. Transient photocurrent response and EIS measurement also demonstrate that Por‐COF‐Zn exhibits an efficient separation of photogenerated electron/hole pairs. The photocatalytic performance of the resulted COF was further evaluated by using intramolecular cyclization of N‐phenyl‐o‐phenylenediamine and benzaldehyde to form benzimidazole derivative. The catalyst system exhibited good to high conversion efficiency, moderate substrate applicability, and excellent stability and recyclability for the catalytic cyclization approach of benzimidazoles. The catalytic mechanism should be contributed to the synergistic effect of organic framework and metallic zinc. Our current work also provides valuable information for understanding COF‐based photocatalytic systems and further highlight new insights to meet new challenges of heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Kenaf Biochar as an Eco‐Friendly Adsorbent for Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II): Optimal Temperature, Adsorption Models, and Efficiency Evaluation
Authors: Choi Moon‐Yeong , Lee Chang‐Gu , Yoon Young‐Man , Park Seong‐Jik
Published: August 2024

This study examined the adsorption capacities of biochars derived from kenaf (KF‐BCs) for the removal of heavy metals such as Cu(II) and Pb(II). The thermal decomposition temperature (300–750°C) significantly influenced the morphology and composition of KF‐BCs, enhancing their surface area, pore structure, and alkalinity. Among them, kenaf pyrolyzed at 750°C (KF‐750) was the most effective in removing Cu(II) and Pb(II), as validated by kinetic, equilibrium, and isotherm model analyses. Adsorption kinetics revealed that equilibrium was attained after 24 h, with chemisorption governing the process rate. Equilibrium adsorption conformed to the Langmuir and Freundlich models for Cu(II) and Pb(II), respectively. KF‐750 exhibited midrange adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Pb(II) (23.47 ± 0.3 mg/g and 50.07 ± 0.9 mg/g, respectively), compared with the literature. The thermodynamic assessment revealed an endothermic process with positive ∆H0, indicating that higher temperatures favor metal adsorption. At low pH, adsorption decreased due to electrostatic repulsion, particularly affecting Cu(II). More than 99.8% of Cu(II) and Pb(II) were removed with a 5.00 g/L KF‐750 dose. The cation effect order on KF‐750 was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. Overall, KF‐750 demonstrates promising potential as an adsorbent for the efficient heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions, presenting a viable option for environmental remediation.
Consequence of incorporation of MWCNTs on PVA hydrogel fabricated via naturally cooling: Thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties
Authors: Sharma Swati , Bhattacharyya Arup R. , Bhende Manisha , Patil Vijay
Published: August 2024

The present study aims to improve the mechanical strength of hydrogels via a simplified method, involving the creation of a nanocomposite hydrogel using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with un‐modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (um‐MWCNTs). Departing from conventional freezing–thawing cycles, our research employs a facile approach, in which high‐shear mixing along with solvent exchange with deionized water was utilized. Morphological analysis unveiled a compact and dense microstructure within the nanocomposite hydrogel in correlation with MWCNT concentration. Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) elucidated the chemical structure of PVA/um‐MWCNTs hydrogel nanocomposite. Rheological studies on the viscoelastic properties indicated the formation of more “solid‐like” structure in the developed hydrogel nanocomposite. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy revealed alterations in dielectric properties of the fabricated PVA/um‐MWCNTs hydrogel nanocomposite corresponding to MWCNTs content in the PVA matrix. This comprehensive investigation highlights the impact of minimal MWCNTs concentration on the rheology, mechanical, and dielectric properties of developed PVA/um‐MWCNTs hydrogel nanocomposite.
1.3 µm InAs/GaAs Quantum‐Dot Lasers with p‐Type, n‐Type, and Co‐Doped Modulation
Authors: Deng Huiwen , Park Jae‐Seong , Yu Xuezhe , Liu Zizhuo , Jia Hui , Zeng Haotian , Yang Junjie , Pan Shujie , Chen Siming , Seeds Alwyn , Tang Mingchu , Smowton Peter , Liu Huiyun
Published: August 2024

To further enhance the performance and understand the mechanism of InAs quantum dot (QD) laser under high temperature, both theoretically and experimentally it is investigated, the effects of the technique of the combination of direct n‐type doping and modulation p‐type doping, namely co‐doping, in the active region for a wide temperature range over 165 °C. Through the comparison of co‐doped, modulation p‐type doped, direct n‐type doped, and undoped QD lasers, it reveals that the co‐doping technique provides a significantly reduced threshold current density across the whole temperature range and robust high‐temperature operation. Furthermore, it is also observed that the effectiveness of co‐doping in suppressing round‐state quenching is comparable to that of p‐doping. The improvements in the doping strategies are also revealed through the rate equation simulation of the lasers.
What is the unknown “star” or “∼star” recorded in Korean historical books?
Authors: Park Jaegeun , Jeon Junhyeok , An Hongjun
Published: August 2024

This study discusses historical records of Korea that mention “stars” possibly related to astronomical transient events. We selected 19 such records and scrutinized them by cross‐checking with records of other countries to identify those events. Ten events were identified as comets based on their described motions and tails. We further confirmed this by comparing them with records from other countries. Five events were classified as meteors based on descriptions of their movements, sizes, and shapes. We speculate that two recordings about “big stars” (大星) are typographical errors for “Mars” (火星), as the descriptions of these big stars seem to be consistent with the properties of the latter. This leaves two unidentified events, and we search lists of astronomical transients for their counterparts. Our work emphasizes the uncertainties and challenges caused by the limited information in the historical records while exploring the usefulness of historical records to enhance the understanding of astrophysical transient events.
Efficient and environmentally friendly spectrofluorimetric determination of cariprazine: An analytical and green chemistry approach
Authors: Almalki Atiah H.
Published: August 2024

Cariprazine represents a new generation of antipsychotic medication, characterized by its heightened affinity for the D3 receptor. It has recently obtained approval as an adjunctive treatment option for patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. In this study, a novel approach utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy was developed to analyze cariprazine. The methodology involves the transformation of cariprazine into a fluorescent compound by means of chemical derivatization with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐Cl). Following excitation at 470 nm, the fluorescent derivative displayed peak fluorescence emission at 550 nm. The factors influencing the derivatization process were optimized. Upon reaching the optimal reaction conditions, a linear correlation (r2 = 0.9995) was observed between the fluorescence intensity and concentrations of cariprazine ranging from 20 to 400 ng/ml. Detection and quantitation limits were determined to be 5.85 and 17.74 ng/ml, respectively. The approach was accurate and precise, with percent recovery values ranging from 98.14% to 99.91% and relative standard deviations of less than 2%. Application of the method to the analysis of cariprazine in bulk and commercial capsules forms yielded accurate results. Moreover, adherence to environmentally friendly analytical practices was evident through alignment with the principles of green analysis, as demonstrated by the analytical eco‐scale, AGREE, and GAPI greenness assessment tools.
Identification of Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix and its counterfeit and adulterated products based on DNA barcode, UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, UPLC fingerprint, and chemometrics
Authors: You Guangjiao , Hou Fangjie , Niu Liyun , Wang Shaonan , Wang Lizhi , Sun Lili , Ren Xiaoliang
Published: August 2024

Euphorbiae pekinensis Radix (EPR) is a traditional Chinese herb commonly used to treat edema, pleural effusion, and ascites. However, counterfeit and adulterated products often appear in the market because of the homonym phenomenon, similar appearance, and artificial forgery of Chinese herbs. This study comprehensively evaluated the quality of EPR using multiple methods. The DNA barcode technique was used to identify EPR, while the UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS technique was utilized to analyze the chemical composition of EPR. A total of 15 tannin and phenolic acid components were identified. Furthermore, UPLC fingerprints of EPR and its common counterfeit products were established, and unsupervised and supervised pattern recognition models were developed using these fingerprints. The backpropagation artificial neural network and counter‐propagation artificial neural network models accurately identified counterfeit and adulterated products, with a counterfeit ratio of more than 25%. Finally, the contents of the chemical markers 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl ellagic acid‐4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, ellagic acid, 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl ellagic acid‐4′‐O‐β‐d‐xylopyranoside, and 3,3′‐di‐O‐methyl ellagic acid were determined to range from 0.05% to 0.11%, 1.95% to 8.52%, 0.27% to 0.86%, and 0.10% to 0.42%, respectively. This proposed strategy offers a general procedure for identifying Chinese herbs and distinguishing between counterfeit and adulterated products.
Human adipose‐derived multipotent stromal cells enriched with IL‐10 modRNA improve diabetic wound healing: Trigger the macrophage phenotype shift
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Wang Wei , Chen Liang , Wang Heng , Dong Dong , Zhu Jingjing , Guo Yu , Zhou Yiqun , Liu Tianyi , Fu Wei
Published: August 2024

Diabetic wounds present a significant challenge in regenerative medicine due to impaired healing, characterized by prolonged inflammation and deficient tissue repair, primarily caused by a skewed pro‐inflammatory macrophage phenotype. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) chemically modified mRNA (modRNA)‐enriched human adipose‐derived multipotent stromal cells (hADSCs) in a well‐established murine model of diabetic wounds. The modRNAs used in this study were chemically modified using N1‐methylpseudouridine‐5′‐triphosphate (m1Ψ) by substituting uridine‐5‐triphosphate. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL‐10 modRNA‐transfected hADSCs effectively modulated macrophage polarization towards an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. In vivo experiments with a well‐established murine model demonstrated that transplantation of hADSCsmodIL‐10 on postoperative day 5 (POD5) significantly improved wound healing outcomes, including accelerated wound closure, enhanced re‐epithelialization, promoted M2 polarization, improved collagen deposition, and increased neovascularization. This study concludes that IL‐10 modRNA‐enriched hADSCs offer a promising therapeutic approach for diabetic wound healing, with the timing of IL‐10 administration playing a crucial role in its effectiveness. These cells modulate macrophage polarization and promote tissue repair, demonstrating their potential for improving the management of diabetic wounds.
Contact Toxicity and Repellent Effects of Essential Oils from Toddalia asiatica Against Two Stored‐Product Insects
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Chen , Liu Ao , Wang Jia‐Zhu , Qi Yuan‐Tong , Wang Dan , Du Shu‐Shan
Published: August 2024

Insect infestations continually endanger stored goods, underscoring the significance of discovering eco‐friendly insecticides for pest management. Essential oils (EOs) from different parts of Toddalia asiatica (leaf, fruit and branch) were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC‐MS. Carvene, p‐cymene and muurolene are the principal compounds of T. asiatica leaf (TAL), T. asiatica fruit (TAF) and T. asiatica branch (TAB) EO respectively. Our work aimed to assess the contact toxicity and repellent effects of EOs on two storage pests, Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne. All tested EOs exhibited obvious contact toxicity, especially, TAL EO against T. castaneum (33.48 μg/adult) and TAF EO against L. serricorne (16.42 μg/adult). Repellency tests revealed that TAL and TAF EOs, at a concentration of 78.63 nL/cm2, achieved nearing 100 % efficiency against T. castaneum. These results suggest that EOs of T. asiatica could be used as effective botanical insecticides for managing stored‐product insects.