bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
10.—Generalisation of Some Statements by Kodaira
Authors: Bennewitz Christer
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

This paper presents a generalisation of earlier results on the dimension of the space of integrable-square solutions of the ordinary linear differential equation Su = λTu, where S and T are formally symmetric ordinary differential operators and λ is a spectral parameter.
6—The Instability of Two Vortex Sheets Enclosing a Subsonic Jet due to Acoustic Radiation
Authors: Hardisty N.
Published: July 2016

The propagation of sound in a subsonic jet separated by two vortex sheets from two semi-infinite still media is considered and it is found that instability waves arise at particular points on the vortex sheets and that their effect is confined to certain regions.
15.—A Class of Focal Points for Non-self-adjoint Fourth-order Differential Equations
Authors: Kreith Kurt
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

Conjugate points are defined in terms of solutions of a linear fourth-order differential equation satisfying two homogeneous boundary conditions at x = α and either u(β) = u′(β) = 0 or u′(γ) = u″(γ) = 0. The smallest β > α and γ > α such that these boundary conditions are satisfied by a non-trivial solution of the equation are denoted by η(α) and ῆ-(α), respectively. Upper bounds are established for min [η(α), ῆ(α)] relative to the conjugate points of a self-adjoint differential equation which is majorised by the more general equation under study.
24.—On the Question of the Deficiency Indices of Differential Operators with Complex Coefficients
Authors: Kogan V. I. , Rofe-Beketov F. S.
Published: July 2016

As is well known, the deficiency indices of the minimal symmetric differential operator of even order 2m with real coefficients on the half-line lie within the limits m and 2m, and are equal. I. M. Glazman [6] first showed, by examples, that for such operators the deficiency indices can actually take all the intermediate values m ≦ P ≦ 2m. Subsequently fresh examples of operators with real coefficients, whose deficiency indices take all possible values, were constructed by various authors (S. A. Orlov [11], M. V. Fedoryuk [4], and others).
28.—Growth of Solutions of Algebraic Equations with Coefficients in a Group
Authors: Marić V. , Sangalli A.
Published: July 2016

1. In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of algebraic equations with real functions as coefficients, using mainly algebraic properties of the class to which the coefficients belong. To that end we introduce the notion of an m-group of functions and prove the main theorem by a procedure originated in [1]. As a corollary we obtain sufficient conditions for a class F of functions to possess the property that solutions of algebraic equations with coefficients in F are again members of F. We conclude by applying these results to the classical Hardy's logarithmico-exponential class ℋ [2]
V.—Bifurcation of a Parallel-Plate Waveguide by a Unidirectionally Conducting Screen
Authors: Arora R. K.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The types of modes which may exist in an infinite parallel-plate waveguide with a centrally-placed unidirectionally conducting screen are studied. The effect of bifurcating an infinite parallel-plate waveguide by such a screen in the region x>O is investigated when a transverse electric mode is incident on the bifurcated region. The problem is solved by the Wiener-Hopf method, and expressions are derived for the amplitudes and phases of the reflected and transmitted modes. It is found that the transmitted field contains a hybrid wave and a slow wave, and the reflected field contains transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves.
VI.—Neumann-Series Solutions of the Ellipsoidal Wave Equation
Authors: Arscott F. M.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The ellipsoidal wave equation is the name given to the ordinary differential equation which arises when the wave equation (Helmholtz equation) is separated in ellipsoidal co-ordinates. In this paper, solutions of the equation are expressed as Neumann series (series of Bessel functions of increasing order).
26.—The Strong Limit-2 Case of Fourth-order Differential Equations
Authors: Krishna Kumar V.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The fourth-order equation considered is

Conditions are given on the coefficients r, p and q which ensure that this differential equation (*) is in the strong limit-2 case at ∞, i.e. is limit-2 at ∞. This implies that (*) has exactly two linearly independent solutions which are in the integrable-square space ℒ2(0, ∞) for all complex numbers λ with im [λ] ≠ 0. Additionally the conditions imply that self-adjoint operators generated by M[·] in ℒ2(0, ∞) are semi-bounded below. The results obtained are applied to the case when the coefficients r, p and q are powers of x ∈ [0, ∞).
1.—An Algorithm for the Construction of Limit Circle Expressions
Authors: Zettl Anton
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

Consider the differential expression

It is shown here that givenpn> 0 withpn∈C2n(0, ∞) there exist coefficients

such that all solutions of the equationRy= 0 are inL2(0,∞). Thepifori<ncan be explicitly obtained in terms ofpnand a parameter function.
2.—The Matrix Functional Differential Equation y′(x) = Ay(λx) + By(x)
Authors: Carr Jack , Dyson Janet
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The purpose of this work is to consider some analytic aspects of the matrix functional differential equation, y′(x) = Ay(λx) + By(x), (0 ≦ x < ∞), where λ is a constant with 0 < λ < 1 and A and B are constant matrices.
XXIV.—Sets of Integers Containing not more than a Given Number of Terms in Arithmetical Progression
Authors: Rankin R. A.
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

Sets of integers are constructed having the property that n members are in arithmetical progression only if they are all equal; here n is any integer greater than or equal to 3. Previous results have been obtained only for n=3. The problem is generalized in various ways. The analysis can also be applied to construct sets for the analogous problem of geometrical progressions. These sets are of positive density, unlike those of the first kind, which have zero density.
A Letter of Saint John Houghton
Authors: Rogers David
Published: July 2016

ALTHOUGH THE LETTER which follows was printed in the very year in which it was written, and has been reprinted twice since, I do not hesitate to make it available again, seeing that the writer was the proto-matyr of the English Reformation, John Houghton, the last Prior of the London Charterhouse, canonized in 1970. The text of Houghton's letter and of the answer to it from his correspondent, a fellow-Carthusian at Cologne named Dietrich Loher (Loer), are preserved in a book by the latter, a small octavo volume issued at Cologne in 1532. Following its titlepage, which reads D. Dionysii Carthusiani, Doctoris extatici vita, simul & operum eius fidissimus catalogus. Coloniae excudebat Iaspar Gennepius. MDXXXII, there are seven pages containing the original Latin text of both letters. Today it has become a rare book, which is hardly to be found outside a few great libraries and therefore cannot be widely known or easily read. This is obviously the source from which, almost a century ago, Dom Lawrence Hendriks reprinted Houghton's letter as Appendix VI to his pioneer study, The London Charterhouse, its monks and its martyrs.’ Even this work is no longer within everyone's reach today. Hendriks, moreover, printed only the Latin text, without any indication where it came from, and devoted but a few lines in his Chapter VII to its general contents, remarking that this and a short letter written when Houghton was Prior of Beauvale ‘are the only authentic writings of Blessed John Houghton that have come down to us.’ Wishing to make once more available this precious evidence concerning the personality and preoccupations of the martyr-made all the more poignant for us by the realization that little more than two years and a half after the penning of this gracious and affectionate exchange of letters, Houghton in May 1535 was to undergo King Henry's specially savage butchery at Tyburn-I offer an English version of both letters, with some notes to place the correspondence in its historical setting. The Latin originals are reprinted as an Appendix to this article.
Sir Charles Percy
Authors: Nicholls Mark
Published: July 2016

IN THE CHANCEL of Dumbleton Church, Gloucestershire, there is a monument bearing the following inscription:

Here lye the bodies of Sir Charles Percye Knight 3rd Sonne of the Earle of Northumberland and of Dame Dorathy his Wife the Daughter of Thomas Cocks of Cleeve Esquire and of Anne their daughter. Sir Charles was buried the 9 Day of Iuly Anno Domini 1628, Dame Dorathy the 28th of Iune 1646.
London's Spanish Chapel Before and After The Civil War
Authors: Loomie, S.J. Albert J.
Published: July 2016

IN THE mid-seventeenth century the chapel of the Spanish embassy caused considerable concern to the authorities at Whitehall since they were frustrated in preventing scores of Londoners from attending it for masses and other Catholic devotions. This was a distinct issue from the traditional right of a Catholic diplomat in England to provide mass for his household or other compatriots,’ and from the custom of Sephardic Jews to gather in the embassy for Sabbath worship when they desired. While the practice of Londoners to attend mass secretly at the residences of various Catholic diplomats had developed early in the reign of Elizabeth and occasional arrests at their doors had acted as a deterrent, late in the reign of James I sizeable crowds began to frequent the Spanish embassy. John Chamberlain commented in1621that Gondomar had ‘almost as many come to his mass’ in the chapel of Ely House as there were attending ‘the sermon at St. Andrewes (Holborn) over against him’. Although Godomar left in1622and subsequently the embassy was closed for five years during the Anglo-Spanish War, it was later, from1630to 1655, that the Spanish chapel acquired not only a continuous popularity among Catholics of the area but also an unwelcome notoriety in the highest levels of government. This paper will suggest two primary factors which led to that development: the persistent ambition of the resident Spanish diplomats to provide a range of religious services unprecedented in number and character, and their successful adaptation to the hostile political conditions in the capital for a quarter of a century. The continuous Spanish diplomatic presence in London for this long period was in itself both unexpected and unique for it should be recalled that, for various reasons, all the other Catholic ambassadors, whether from France, Venice, Portugal, Savoy or the Empire, had to leave at different times and close their chapels. However, the site of the Spanish residence during these years by no means permanent since, as with other foreign diplomats, a new property was rented by each ambassador on arrival. There is, moreover, a wider significance in this inquiry because of the current evidence that by the eve of the Civil War the king was considered in the House of Commons to have been remiss in guarding his kingdom from a ‘Catholic inspired plot against church and state’, for while it has been well argued that a public disquiet over Henrietta-Maria's chapels at Somerset House and St. James's palace had by 1640 stimulated increasing suspicions of a Popish Plot, there were other protected chapels, particularly the Spanish, where scores of Londoners were seen to attend. Indeed, after the closure of the queen's chapels at Whitehall in 1642, the Spanish remained for the next thirteen years as silent evidence that Catholics seemed to be ‘more numerous’ and were acting ‘more freely than in the past’.
The breadth of finite p-groups, I
Authors: Macdonald I. D.
Published: July 2016

We clear the decks for an attack on the problem of the breadth and class of a finite p-group by exhibiting some examples with properties relevant to breadth. These were constructed by a mixture of hand computation, machine search and serendipity.
Non-linear boundary value problems for systems of differential equations†
Authors: Knobloch H. W. , Schmitt K.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The paper deals with boundary value problems for second-order vector differential equations x″ = f (t, x, x′). Given a region Ω in (t, x)-space we ask whether there exists a solution x(t) of the problem satisfying (t, x(t)) ∊Ω. We arrive at a rather general type of conditions which are sufficient in order that Ω has the desired property. One of these conditions is geometric in nature and depends upon the boundary data only. The second condition can be expressed in terms of inequalities and depends upon the values of f on ∂Ω. These inequalities turn out to be the common background of a variety of conditions which can be found in the literature on boundary value problems and which in the case of a scalar equation reduce to the well-known properties of upper and lower solutions.
Sturm-Liouville operators with an indefinite weight function
Authors: Daho K. , Langer H.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

Spectral properties of the singular Sturm-Liouville equation –(p−1y′)′ + qy = λry with an indefinite weight function r are studied in . The main tool is the theory of definitisable operators in spaces with an indefinite scalar product.
6.—Smooth Fronted Waves in the Shallow Water Approximation
Authors: Jeffrey Alan
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

This paper examines the mathematical problem of the propagation of a smooth fronted wavein the context of shallow water theory. Here, a smooth fronted wave will be taken to be one in which the surface slope is continuous across a line in the free-surface, while the second derivative of the surface slope is discontinuous across that same line. This discontinuity line in the surface then plays the role of the wavefront. After establishing that such wavefronts propagate along the characteristics, and deriving the appropriate transport equations, the explicit form is found for the acceleration with respect to distance of the horizontal component of the water velocity of the surface immediately behind the wavefront as a function of position and seabed profile when the wave propagates into still water. The result is then used to prove that in this approximation such a wave cannever break immediately behind the wavefront before the shore line is reached.
8.—Bifurcation and Asymptotic Bifurcation for Non-compact Nonsymmetric Gradient Operators
Authors: Toland J. F.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The first part of this paper is devoted to a study of the classical bifurcation problem in a Hilbert space, under the assumption that the operators involved are gradient operators, but not necessarily compact. Our approach to the problem was introduced by Krasnosel'skii, but here we show that his assumption about the compactness of the operators can be replaced by a much weaker Lipschitz type condition, without affecting the generality of his conclusions.

The rest of the paper is concerned with the analogous problem when the operator is knownto be asymptotically linear rather than Fréchet differentiable. Indeed, we show that this question can always be reduced to the first case, after some manipulation. After this manipulation the new operator is found to be a Fréchet differentiable gradient operator, and so we can invoke the results of the first part. This manipulation is in the spirit of that of [11] but is necessarily different.
The existence of eigenvalues embedded in the continuous spectrum of ordinary differential operators
Authors: Eastham M. S. P. , McLeod J. B.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

In answer to two questions raised by W. N. Everitt, we show that, givenp> l and any countably infinite set of isolated points on the positive λ-axis, there is aq(x)inLp(0, ∞) for which the set of points constitutes the point-continuous spectrum associated with the equationy”(x) + {λ − q(x)}y(x) = 0 (0≦x<∞)and some homogeneous boundary condition atx= 0.
9.—Bivariational Bounds associated with Non-self-adjoint Linear Operators
Authors: Barnsley Michael F. , Robinson Peter D.
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

Let A be a closed linear transformation from a real Hilbert space ℋ, with symmetric inner product 〈, 〉, into itself; and let f ∈ ℋ be given such that the problem Aø = f has a solution ø ∈ D(A), the domain of A. Then bivariational upper and lower bounds on 〈g, ø〉 for any g ∈ ℋ are exhibited when there exists a positive constant a such that 〈AΦ, AΦ⊖ ≧ a2〈Φ, Φ〉 for all Φ ∈ D(A). The applicability of the theory both to Fredholm integral equations and also to time-dependent diffusion equations is demonstrated.
11.—Equations d'Evolution du Second Ordre Associées à des Operateurs Maximaux Monotones
Authors: Véron Laurent
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

This paper extends some recent results of V. Barbu and H. Brézis. It is concerned with bounded solutions of the problem pu″+qu′ ∈ Au, u(0) = a, where A is a maximal monotone operator in a real Hilbert space H and p and q are real functions. Existence and uniqueness theorems are proved, with results on integrability of solutions in various measure spaces on R+. T(t) denotes the family of contractions of D(A) generated by the equation and we obtain a regularising effect on the initial data. Some properties of this family of contractions are studied.
14.—Global Non-existence of Solutions to Ladyzhenskaya's Variants of the Navier-Stokes Equations Backward in Time
Authors: Straughan Brian
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

It is shown that classical solutions backward in time to the alternatives to the Navier-Stokes equations proposed by Ladyzhenskaya cannot exist for all time. Estimates are obtained for the maximum interval of existence.
15.—The Inversion of an Augmented Information Matrix occurring in Factor Analysis
Authors: Lawley D. N.
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

In a certain factor analysis model sampling formulae for maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters are found by inverting an augmented information matrix. The formulae were derived previously by other methods; but the techniques here employed may be of some general interest and applicable to other problems.
16.—A Remark on a Paper by J. F. Toland and some Applications to Unilateral Problems
Authors: Dias João-Paulo , Hernández Jesús
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

We extend a result of J. F. Toland concerning bifurcation from infinity and we made some applications to variational inequalities.
17.—An Upper Bound for the Largest Zero of Hermite's Function with Applications to Subharmonic Functions
Authors: Hayman W. K , Ortiz E. L
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

Let

be Hermite's function of order λ and let h = h(λ) be the largest real zero of Hλ(t). Set

In this paper we establish the inequality

where

Equality holds for S = ½. The result is also fairly accurate as S→0 and S→1. The proof is analytical except in the ranges −1·1 ≦ h ≦ −0·1 and where the argument is concluded by means of a computer.

The following deduction is made elsewhere [2, Theorem A]. If u(x) is subharmonic in Rm(m ≧ 2) and the set E where u(x) > 0 has at least k components, where k ≧ 2, then the order ρ of u(x) is at least ϕ(1/k). In particular, if ρ < 1, E is connected. This result fails for ρ = 1.
20.—Functional Differential Equations and Non-linear Evolution Operators
Authors: Dyson Janet , Bressan Rosanna Villella
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

The abstract non-linear non-autonomous functional differential equation

is considered. An evolution operator is associated with the solutions of this equation and existence and stability results are obtained.
21.—The Structure of certain Ordered Regular Semigroups
Authors: Blyth T. S.
Published: July 2016

SYNOPSIS

In a previous publication [1] we determined the structure of some new types of ordered inverse semigroup in which the ordering need not be the natural ordering. At the moment, very little is known about ordered regular semigroups and the purpose of this paper is to generalise the structure theorems in [1] to corresponding theorems on ordered regular semigroups. The results obtained provide an interesting bridge between the theory of semigroups and that of ordered semigroups, these theories currently having very little in common.
On the energy of a cosmological field of gravitational radiation
Authors: Swinerd G. G.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

A general formalism for the description of high-frequency gravitational radiation is presented, and a justification is provided for the often made assumption that the energy of an isotropic field of gravitational radiation in a cosmological model may be represented by a perfect fluid.
On mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Kress R. , Roach G. F.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

Existence and uniqueness theorems are obtained for a class of mixed boundary value problems associated with the three-dimensional Helmholtz equation. In this context the boundary of the region of interest is assumed to consist of the union of a finite number of disjoint, closed, bounded Lyapunov surfaces on some of which are imposed Dirichlet conditions whilst Neumann conditions are imposed on the remainder. An integral equation method is adopted throughout. The required boundary integral equations are generated by a modified layer theoretic approach which extends the work of Brakhage and Werner [1] and Leis [2, 3].
Asymptotic stability and energy decay rates for solutions of hyperbolic equations with boundary damping
Authors: Quinn John P. , Russell David L.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

This report deals with the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the wave equation in a domain Ω ⊆Rn. The boundary, Γof Ωft consists of two parts. One part reflects all energy while the other part absorbs energy to a degree. If the energy-absorbing part is non-empty we show that the energy tends to zero as t→∞. With stronger assumptions we are able to obtain decay rates for the energy. Certain relationships with controlability are discussed and used to advantage.
Bounded oscillations under the effect of retardations for differential equations of arbitrary order
Authors: Staikos V. A. , Stavroulakis I. P.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

This paper is concerned with the effect of the delays on the bounded solutions of the nth order n ≧ 1) differential equation

Sufficient conditions involving the retardations τJ(j = 1,2, …, m) which insure that every bounded solution of the considered equation is oscillatory are given. The results obtained generalise recent ones in [3 and 4].
Perturbation of non-linear partial differential variational inequalities, I
Authors: Stroescu Elena
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The present paper is devoted to the study of the weak respectively strong convergence of solutions of variational inequalities, with non-linear partial differential operators of the generalised divergence form and of monotone type, under a perturbation of the domain of the definition. In this study there are used convergence concepts defined according to [ 22] and abstract convergence theorems given in [15 and 16].
On stabilisation of solutions of the Cauchy problem for parabolic equations
Authors: Kamin (Kamenomostskaya) S.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

The author considers the solution of the Cauchy problem for an equation

giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of
Asymptotic decay of the solution of a second-order elliptic equation in an unbounded domain. Applications to the spectral properties of a Hamiltonian
Authors: Bardos C. , Merigot M.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

In an unbounded domain Ω we study the asymptotic decay (for | x |→∞) of functions u ∊ L2(Ω) which are solutions of the following problem –Δu + cu = 0. c denotes a strictly positive function. Upper bounds are easily found via the maximum principle. When c is rotationally invariant lower bounds are obtained via asymptotic expansion. In the general case we use a method of ‘commutation’ of operators. In particular we consider the case where . Applications to the asymptotic decay of the bound states of a Hamiltonian are given.
On the regularity of solutions to quasi-linear variational inequalities of degenerate elliptic type
Authors: Cooper Frances
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

Using the theory of the weighted Sobolev space H1,2(μ), on a bounded domain Ω, in Rn, the existence and regularity of solutions u in K to the variational inequality

is established for various convex subsets K of H1, 2(μ). The growth conditions imposed on the functions A and B give the differential inequality degenerate elliptic structure, extending the results on regularity for inequalities of elliptic type.
A theory of fractional integration for generalised functions II
Authors: McBride Adam C.
Published: July 2016

Synopsis

In a previous paper [2], a theory of fractional integration was developed for certain spaces Fp,μ of generalised functions. In this paper we extend this theory by relaxing some of the restrictions on the various parameters involved. In particular we show how a generalised Erdelyi-Kober operator can be defined on Fʹp,μ for 1 ≦ p ≦ ∞ and for all complex numbers μ except for those lying on a countable number of lines of the form Re μ = constant in the complex μ-plane. Mapping properties of these generalised operators are obtained and several applications mentioned.
Wohlfart Kugelberg Welander Syndrome
Authors: Ross R.T. , Simpson Charles A. , Styles Salma
Published: July 2016

A family is described with two brothers suffering from the Wohlfart Kugelberg Welander syndrome, and seven unaffected siblings. Another brother died in infancy from “a spinal disorder”. Both affected males developed symptoms in the third decade with weakness of the lower limb girdle, followed by the upper limb girdle. Both showed fasciculations, hyporeflexia, and purely lower motor neuron findings. EMG showed evidence of denervation and muscle biopsy showed neurogenic atrophy. Terminal motor latencies were slightly prolonged and one showed an elevated serum aldolase while both had elevated C.P.K.’s. Laboratory studies on some of the normal siblings were normal. The younger brother who has been seen over two years seems to have become slightly stronger.

Dermatoglyphics and chromosomal analysis have been carried out on the patients and some of the normal siblings. All were normal except for the younger affected brother who has persistently showed a high percentage of abnormal cells, though the basic karyotype was normal, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. This is the only case we have found in the literature with chromosome abnormalities. This pedigree suggests a recessive inheritance, possibly x linked.
Wetherbee Ail
Authors: Powers James M. , Horoupian Dikran S. , Schaumburg Herbert H.
Published: July 2016

The neuropathological findings of a Farr family member consist of neuronal loss in the anterior horns and dorsal nuclei of Clarke, neuronal intracytoplasmic inclusions and posterior and lateral column demyelination. This report supports the role of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a link between common motor neuron disease and classical spinocerebellar degeneration.
Suppressive Effects of Various Amino Acids against Ouabain-Induced Seizures in Rats
Authors: Tsukada Y. , Inoue N. , Donaldson J. , Barbeau A.
Published: July 2016

The suppressive effect of various amino acids against ouabaininduced seizures was investigated in young female rats. The amino acids were injected into the left lateral ventricle 10 minutes prior to the intraventricular administration of 5 μg. of ouabain. Animals receiving 1.9 x 10-1M solutions of hypotaurine and of β- alanine were almost completely protected from the ouabain seizures. Administration of L-alanine and of glycine was also effective, although running and leaping seizures still occurred to some extent. Betaine reduced only clonic-tonic and whole body flexion and extension seizures. In contrast, L-proline exclusively suppressed clonic-tonic and focal clonic seizures. Rats injected with isethionic acid showed increases in incidence of running and leaping seizures while L-arginine in high concentrations caused aggravation in clonic-tonic seizures. L-cysteine, even in low concentrations, also brought about an increase in the occurrence and incidence of clonic-tonic seizures. The ED50of hypotaurine was 10.11 x 10-2M for running seizures and 4.63 x 10-2, M for clonictonic seizures; that of β -alanine was 14.01 x 10-2M for running seizures and 5.50 x 10-2M for clonic-tonic seizures. However, hypotaurine and β -alanine, the most effective compounds tested in the present studies, provided less protection than taurine previously examined by us under similar conditions (Izumi et al., 1973).
Electrical Stimulation of the Human Visual Cortex Preliminary Report
Authors: Talalla Andrew , Bullara Leo , Pudenz Robert
Published: July 2016

A feasibility study for the development of a human visual prosthesis has led several workers to observe the effects of electrical stimulation of the human visual cortex. Experience with such stimulations of three normal-sighted patients is reported. The results confirm some of the findings of other workers, but do not show that multiple phosphenes were experienced by our patients, using strictly limited parameters of stimulation.
Polyglycolic Acid Suture in Peripheral Nerve: An Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Hudson Alan R. , Bilbao Juan M. , Hunter Daniel
Published: July 2016

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the reaction of peripheral nerve tissue to a synthetic absorbable suture material. Polyglycolic acid suture material was placed within the sciatic nerve of rats and the absorption of the material was investigated by means of electron photomicrographs. It was concluded that placement of polyglycolic acid into the peculiar environment of endoneurial tissues results in minimal scarring and in minimal disturbance of the surrounding nerve fibers. The material was progressively absorbed with minimal disturbance of intrafascicular structures.
The Chiari Malformation in Adults
Authors: Maroun F.B. , Jacob J.C. , Mangan M.
Published: July 2016

The clinical features of the Chiari Malformation in seven adult patients are presented. It is suggested that the clinical syndromes associated with this malformation, in adults, can be classified as (a) compression of structures at the level of the foramen magnum (with or without radiologically demonstrable associated bony anomaly at the cranio-vertebral junction) (b) increased intracranial pressure or obstructive hydrocephalus and (c) intramedullary cervical cord syndrome. The usefulness of tomography, and demonstration of the vertebro-basilar circulation in the neuro-radiologic investigation of these patients is emphasized. The surgical procedures performed in the management of these patients are outlined.
The Effect of Diazepam on Presynaptic Inhibition in Patients with Complete and Incomplete Spinal Cord Lesions
Authors: Verrier M. , MacLeod S. , Ashby P.
Published: July 2016

The effect of diazepam on presynaptic inhibition in man has been examined in 5 patients with complete spinal transections and 7 patients with incomplete lesions. The inhibition of the H reflex by vibration applied to the tendo Achilles was used to assess presynaptic inhibition of the la monosynaptic pathway. Diazepam increased this inhibition in the patients with incomplete lesions, but had no significant effect on the inhibition in the patients with complete spinal transections.

Evidently diazepam can enhance presynaptic inhibition in man. The effect, however, cannot be demonstrated in patients with longstanding complete spinal lesions possibly because of some alteration in the segmental presynaptic inhibitory mechanism in this group.
Pituitary Melanocorticotrophinoma with Amyloid Deposition
Authors: Bilbao Juan M. , Kovacs Kalman , Horvath Eva , Higgins Hubert P. , Horsey William J.
Published: July 2016

The light and electron microscopic features of a pituitary adenoma composed of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) cells with perivascular amyloid deposition is reported. Histochemical and fine structural data indicate that this material is APUDamyloid and is present in the extra-cellular perivascular spaces. It is suggested that the differences in fine structure and of distribution of the amyloid in pituitary adenomas is dependent upon the cell of origin.
Principles Underlying New Methods for Chronic Neural Recording
Authors: Stein R.B. , Charles D. , Davis L. , Jhamandas J. , Mannard A. , Nichols T.R.
Published: July 2016

Chronic recording is possible from nerve fibers which have grown through holes in an insulating medium (regeneration electrodes) or which are enclosed by an insulating sheath (cuff
electrodes). Use of three electrodes in a balanced configuration permits good rejection
of electromyographic (EMG) signals and other sources of electrical interference (fluorescent lights, 60 Hz signals from the mains, etc.). Equations are derived and tested for predicting the
amplitude and form of the signals expected for a given cuff length and diameter. These equations can be used to design electrode units optimally for a given application. Finally, the use of transformers permits the neural signals to be carefully matched to the recording apparatus
and further optimizes the neural signal-to-noise and signal-to-EMG ratios. Use of these methods in several physiological and clinical applications, as well as potential abuses, are discussed.
The Effects of Motor Cortical Stimulation on the Excitability of Spinal Motoneurons in Man
Authors: Milner-Brown S.H. , Girvin J.P. , Brown W.F.
Published: July 2016

The pyramidal tract and particularly the direct corticomotoneuronal components (DCM) have become increasingly important in the higher primates. Minimal single pulse precentral stimulation in man evokes EMG discharges from the contralateral hand muscles with a latency of 18-21 milliseconds. The excitability changes produced by such cortical stimulation on the upper limb H-reflex has been observed to include a short duration early facilitation probably corresponding to the DCM input and a later, longer lasting facilitation mediated by the same and probably other corticofugal projections. Potentiation of the H-reflex in the upper limbs by means of postcentral excitation required much higher single pulse stimulus intensities and the changes in excitability produced on the spinal motoneurons could have been explained by physical extension of the stimulus current to the precentral region. Isometric contraction potentiated the H-reflex produced by combinations of precentral cortical and peripheral nerve stimulation but no direct evidence was found to support a possible transcortical basis for the V2 stretch reflex.
Physiological Basis of Cerebellar Dysmetria
Authors: Murphy John T. , Kwan C. , MacKay William A. , Wong Yiu C.
Published: July 2016

A primary control system for the arm position is formulated. The hypothesis that the cerebellum is a part of the system controller is checked by studying the nerve cells responses in the cerebellum, and motor cortex, to natural activation of muscular receptors. The results show that the cerebellum receives feedback information related to the speed of these receptors. The discussion concentrates on how the interruption of this feedback may result in excessive oscillations to instability. These observations are the base for evaluating how the cerebral lesions produce dismeasurements.
Generality of the Kindling Phenomenon: Some Clinical Implications
Authors: Pinel J.P.J. , Van Oot P.H.
Published: July 2016

The purpose of the present investigations was to explore the generality of the kindling phenomenon and its applicability to clinical situations. Whether local brain stimulation, electroconvulsive shock (ECS), or metrazol the consequence of periodic administration of convulsive agents was found to be the same; in each case repeated application of the agent resulted in the gradual development and intensification of convulsive symptoms (kindling). Moreover, in each case the resulting intensification was not specific to the agent being used and seemed to increase the responsiveness to convulsive agents in general. In the present studies this interaction was seen in the form of an intensified alcohol withdrawal syndrome observed 18 days after cessation of a series of metrazol injections, amygdaloid stimulations, or ECS. Thus, it appears that one of the hazards of the convulsive therapies is that they may induce enduring changes in brain function which leave the patient in a state of increased susceptibility to a variety of potentially convulsive agents.
CSF Electrophoresis in One Thousand Patients
Authors: Ebers G.C. , Paty D.W.
Published: July 2016

Agarose and/or cellulose acetate electrophoresis was performed on the CSF of one thousand patients. In patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) (N = 267) 92.8% had oligoclonal banding (O.B.). In patients with possible MS (N - 283) O.B. was present in 31.1%. In patients with other neurological diseases (N = 450) O.B. was present in 8% (N = 36). Nineteen non-MS patients with positive O.B. had serum bands or disorders known to be associated with local immune response. The remaining 17 patients had no explanation for the oligoclonal banding. In the majority of these MS had not been a diagnostic consideration.

CSF electrophoresis is the single most reliable laboratory lest in multiple sclerosis and deserves incorporation into the diagnostic criteria for the disease.
Confusion, Dysphasia, and Asterixis Following Metrizamide Myelography
Authors: Smith Michael S. , Laguna Jose F.
Published: July 2016

A patient exhibited confusion, dysphasia, and striking asterixis 18 hours after metrizamide myelography. The symptoms lasted for a day and a half. While metrizamide is a useful contrast medium, side effects are not unusual and can, on occasion, be quite severe.
Field Testing of an Ataxia Scoring and Staging System
Authors: Pourcher Emmanuelle , Barbeau André
Published: July 2016

The authors present a simple system for disability scoring and functional staging of an ataxic patient, based on modifications of a previous scheme advocated by De Falco and collaborators (1979). This system was tested under field conditions in 47 ataxic subjects and found to be useful and functional.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's Ataxia: Symmetric or Asymmetric?
Authors: Pasternac A. , Król R. , Petitclerc R. , Harvey C. , Andermann E. , Barbeau A.
Published: July 2016

We evaluated 15 patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) to define the incidence of myocardial involvement and the type of cardiomyopathy observed.

All patients with FA had either ECG, vectocardiographic or echocardiography abnormalities, suggesting some degree of myocardial involvement. In contrast to reports indicating that asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), often obstructive, is associated with FA, symmetric, concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (SCH) was the predominant abnormality (sixty-seven percent of patients). Echocardiograms should be performed periodically in all FA patients since this technique allows the detection of cardiac hypertrophy.
Friedreich's Ataxia and Oral Glucose Tolerance: I. The effect of ingested glucose on serum glucose and insulin values in homozygotes, obligate heterozygotes and potential carriers of the Friedreich's ataxia gene.
Authors: Tolis G. , Mehta A. , Andermann E. , Harvey C. , Barbeau A.
Published: July 2016

Glucose tolerance and insulin release were evaluated in 16 families with Friedrich's ataxia. Impaired glucose tolerance differed in incidence according to the method of evaluation, but was increased in number in parents' and siblings of Friedreich's cases. Insulin output was not quantitatively different from normal, although the insulin peak was often delayed. This finding, in association with impaired glucose tolerance, suggest a defect in glucose entry into cells.
Friedreich's Ataxia in Northern Italy II. Biochemical Studies in Cultured Cells
Authors: Bertagnolio B. , Uziel G. , Bottachi E. , Crenna G. , D’Angelo A. , Di Donato S.
Published: July 2016

Pyruvate and palmitate oxidations by cultured fibroblasts suspensions were measured in optimized conditions and proved to be within normal range in the cells from Friedreich's patients. However, when pyruvate oxidation was measured by direct assay of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, this enzyme activity proved to be significantly lower in Friedreich's than in controls' cells. These abnormalities were not observed when the cells were sonicated. Moreover, lipoamide dehydrogenase activity. Km and Vmax were within the normal range in Friedreich 's cells. These data suggest that the low activities of the PDH complex are not a primary defect in Friedreich's ataxia, but are more likely related lo membrane abnormalities in Friedreich's cells.
Correlation Between Serum Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Activity and Phosphatidylcholine Therapy in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Melançon S.B. , Fontaine G. , Geoffroy G. , Vanasse M. , Dallaire L. , Potier M.
Published: July 2016

Serum lipoamide dehydrogenase activity and kinetics were studied in nine patients with Friedreich's ataxia before and three months after therapy with oral lecithin. Results disclosed a significant reduction in LAD inhibition by NADH in all patients after therapy. Three patients normalized their increased Km for lipoamide and one patient showed the opposite results after therapy. Two patients ceased lecithin after one month. All seven patients who remained in the trial group and one additional patient, showed subjective and objective signs of improvement in physical resistance. This study has offered some biochemical basis for the apparent clinical improvement in patients with Friedreich's ataxia who undergo lecithin therapy.
Protein Kinase Activity of Human Erythrocyte Membranes in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Wong P. , Barbeau A.
Published: July 2016

Proteins of human erythrocyte membranes of Friedrich's ataxia patients and controls were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after reduction withβ-mercaptoethanol. No difference could be detected in the composition of their state of aggregation. The protein kinase activity of human erythrocyte membranes of eleven Friedreich's ataxia patients and six controls was determined. No difference in their protein kinase activity could be detected. These results are discussed with respect to an involvement of a generalized membrane defect in Friedreich's ataxia.
Taurine Decreases Lesion Severity In the Hearts of Cardiomyopathy Hamsters
Authors: Azari Jamshid , Brumbaugh Peter , Barbeau André , Huxtable Ryan
Published: July 2016

Cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters develop necrotic lesions consequent upon calcium overload from 60 days of age onward. Taurine, given as a 0.1M solution in place of drinking water for one month prior to sacrifice of animals of initial age 35 days, decreased the severity of subsequently developing cardiac lesions by 40%. Calcium concentration in the heart was decreased by 57%. Magnesium and iron concentrations were unaltered. Taurine given in a similar manner for 4 months had a protective effect, decreasing lesion severity by 21% and calcium concentration by 35%. Magnesium concentrations were increased by 12%. Compared to randombred animals, cardiomyopathic hamsters at one and two months of age have the same concentrations of calcium, magnesium and iron in the quadrants of the heart, except in the left ventricle, which has significantly higher concentration of calcium. Calcium concentrations are 70%, 1320% and 2100% higher respectively in one month, two month and five month old animals. Five month old animals differ slightly but significantly in iron (17% decrease) and magnesium concentrations (17% increase).

Cardiomyopathic hamsters have insignificant differences in β-adrenergic receptor density compared to random-bred animals and have a significantly higher rate of taurine influx.
Bilateral Encephaloclastic Lesions In A 26 Week Gestation Fetus: Effect On Neuroblast Migration
Authors: Norman Margaret G.
Published: July 2016

A 26 week gestation fetus with bilaterally symmetrical encephaloclastic lesions in the cerebral hemispheres is described. Information about gestation allows dating of the cerebral insult to the 3-4th fetal month. The history and morphology in this case suggest that insults occurring at or before the 3-4th fetal month interfere with normal neuroblast migration, producing a cerebral scar containing a band of neuroblasts arranged without order or lamination.
Noradrenergic Function and Depression, Too Much or Too Little?
Authors: Maas J.W. , Huang Y.
Published: July 2016

Antithetical hypotheses as to CNS noradrenergic function in depressed patients can be constructed from results of pharmacological studies of the effects of antidepressant drugs. The experimental data supporting each of these opposing propositions is briefly reviewed in this paper. Finally, the results of clinical studies of noradrenergic function in depressed patients are noted and discussed in terms of
these disparate hypotheses.
Autonomic Neuropathy in the Streptozotocin Diabetic Rat
Authors: Monckton George , Pehowich Enid
Published: July 2016

An ultrastructural study of the sympathetic ganglia, dorsal sympathetic chain, and Auerbach's plexus is described in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. The observations cover the first six weeks following induction of diabetes. Degenerative changes began to appear in the axonal plasma membranes and axoplasm of unmyelinated fibers at 24 hours and were widespread by two weeks. Axonal sprouting and regenerating axons began to appear and increase in number through the 6th week. Chromatolysis in ganglion cells in sympathetic ganglia became apparent by two weeks as did degenerative changes in axons of Auerbach's plexus. This somewhat later appearance of changes in ganglion cells and Auerbach's plexus suggested the primary changes occurred in the postganglionic fibers. The cycle of change from degeneration to regeneration in the areas examined suggests either a possible toxic effect of strepiozotocin or a combination of metabolic disturbances as a cause of this neuropathy.
An Electrophysiological Quantitation of the Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Odusote Kayode , Eisen Andrew
Published: July 2016

Four hundred and ninetytwo ulnar nerves were studied in 237 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome and 233 subjects without clinically apparent ulnar neuropathy. Terminal motor and sensory latencies, motor and sensory conduction velocities, sensory action potential amplitudes and dispersions, and needle electromyography were analysed by a 0 to 10 rating — the EMG score. The patients were clinically graded from 1 (least severe) to 4 (most severe). The median EMG scores of these were 0.9/10 (N=70): 1.6/10 (N=81); 4.7/10 (N=46); and 7.1/10 (N=56), respectively. The median EMG score for the controls was 0.6/10 (N=239) and 14.7% had asymptomatic ulnar entrapments. This incidence reached 30% in controls who were 60years or older. In 25 other controls, the above sulcus sensory action potential was analysed. Its mean dispersion was 4.9 ± 1.0 s-3. This measurement was significantly prolonged in 84.6% of 13 studies in which the EMG score was 0/10. These patients had either sensory symptoms only or an additional mild sensory deficit. Comparison of the EMG score obtained with sequential studies would allow one to objectively evaluate improvement or deterioration of the clinical state, giving a rational means of determining the need for surgery.
Non-Association of Friedreich's Ataxia and HLA Based on Five Families
Authors: Chamberlain S. , Walker J.L. , Sachs J.A. , Sachs J.A. , Wolf E. , Festenstein H.
Published: July 2016

HLA-A, B, and C typing was carried out on five families with classical Friedreich's Ataxia (F.A.). Segregation patterns in a total of 16 offspring. 10 with the disease and 6 without, indicated no association between F.A. and HLA.