bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-acute toxicity of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) leaf extract in Wistar rats
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Brown Ibifuro , Okojie Itohan Grace
Published: December 2020

Herbal medicinal plants constitute an integral component of plant biodiversity whose application for therapeutic purposes has been a common practice since antiquity.  However, studies have reported tissue pathologies following exposure to herbal medicinal plants or extracts.  This study was carried out to assess the possible pathological effects of sub-acute exposure of methanol extract of Caladium bicolor on the hepatic histomorphology of experimental Wistar rats.  Twenty four Wistar rats were divided into four groups A-D.  Group A was administered with distilled water (2 ml/kg b.w) and groups B-D administered with 100 ml/kg, 200ml/kg and 300ml/kg b.w. of the extract respectively for twenty eight days.  The bodyweight of experimental animals was recorded at regular intervals during the study period.  After the treatment period, hepatic tissue was harvested, weighed and processed for histopathological study. The results showed that exposure to the extract causes significant (p<0.05) body and organ weight reduction, a significant increase in serum level of ALT and AST as well as prominent hepatic histopathological changes such as inflammation, necrosis and steatosis.  Sub-acute exposure to methanol extract of C. bicolor thereby causes dose-independent hepatopathy in experimental animals. Hence, its application for therapeutic purposes needs to be re-evaluated and preferably discontinued to avoid these associated hepatic tissue pathologies.
New species of the genus Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796 (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae) from the south of the Russian Far East
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Ponomarenko M.G. ,   Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
Published: December 2020

An analysis of the mtCOI sequences in the species from the genus Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796 made it possible to confirm a new species for science, Y. occultatella sp. n., morphologically similar to the East Asian species Y. yasudai Moriuti, 1964. The genetic distance between the mtCOI sequences in Y. occultatella sp. n. and Y. yasudai is 0,066–0,069 (6,6–6,9 %). However, the minimal genetic distance, 0,038–0,042 (3,8–4,2 %), was determined between the mtCOI sequences of the new species and Y. blandella (Christoph, 1882), while these species differ well in the forewing pattern.
Analisis rasch untuk soal tes berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran STEM di sekolah dasar
Authors: Syadiah Ainun Nurul , Hamdu Ghullam
Published: December 2020

Pendekatan STEM dapat membentuk siswa menjadi sumber daya manusia yang mampu berpikir kritis sehingga mampu memenuhi standar sumber daya manusia abad 21 serta mampu menghadapi tantangan global yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kemampuan siswa kelas 5 sekolah dasar di Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat yang diukur dengan menggunakan soal tes berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematic).  Hasil tes tersebut di analisis dengan Model Rasch sebagai alat untuk mengukur kesesuain butir soal dan abilitas siswa, sehingga seorang guru akan lebih mudah untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan yang terjadi. Dengan demikian pengimplementasian Model Rasch pada soal tes berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran STEM di sekolah dasar dalam rangka mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dalam menghadapi tantangan abad 21 dapat dilakukan
From face-to-face learning to web base learning: How are student readiness?
Authors: Widodo Arif , Nursaptini Nursaptini , Novitasari Setiani , Sutisna Deni , Umar Umar
Published: December 2020

Learning readiness influences learning success. Changing the learning model requires preparation. Well-planned online learning is different from learning in an emergency. This study aims to determine the readiness of student learning in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research used non-experimental quantitative. The data collection method is done by survey. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics. The subjects in this study were PGSD students at Mataram University. The number of respondents involved 260. Problems in this study include: how are students' learning readiness? what are the problems faced by students? Can students take part in online learning well? The results showed that students' learning readiness was still lacking. Students experiencing technical obstacles include lack of online media mastery, no training, limited costs, and difficulties in internet connection. Most students expect online learning to stop and come back face to face.
Penerapan e-learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi digital di era new normal
Authors: Anggrasari Liya Atika
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi digital dengan mengimplementasikan pembelajaran online (e-learning) yang dilakukan di era new normal pada pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester IV kelas A Prodi PGSD Universitas PGRI Madiun. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan skor siklus pertama, siklus kedua dan siklus ketiga didapat hasill skor rata-rata kelas meningkat dari yang hanya 64 dengan ketuntasan 65%, pada siklus kedua mulai meningkat menjadi 75.45 dengan ketuntasan 72.5%, hingga pada siklus ketiga mencapai nilai rata-rata kelas 85.15 dengan ketuntasan 87%. Dengan pengimplementasian pembelajaran online (e_learning) juga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah Media&Pengembangan Bahan Ajar. Secara bertahap hasil belajar mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah Media&Pengembangan Bahan Ajar mengalami peningkatan.
Summit: Benchmarking Machine Learning Methods for Reaction Optimisation
Authors: Felton Kobi , Rittig Jan , Lapkin Alexei
Published: December 2020

In the fine chemicals industry, reaction screening and optimisation are essential to development of new products. However, this screening can be extremely time and labor intensive, especially when intuition is used. Machine learning offers a solution through iterative suggestions of new experiments based on past experimental data, but knowing which machine learning strategy to apply in a particular case is still difficult. Here, we develop chemically-motivated virtual benchmarks for reaction optimisation and compare several strategies on these benchmarks. The benchmarks and strategies are encompassed in an open source framework named Summit. The results of our tests show that Bayesian optimisation strategies perform very well across the types of problems faced in chemical reaction optimisation, while many strategies commonly used in reaction optimisation fail to find optimal solutions.
Energy and Analytic Gradients for the Orbital-Optimized Coupled-Cluster Doubles Method with the Density-Fitting Approximation: An Efficient Implementation
Authors: Bozkaya Uğur , Ünal Aslı , Alagöz Yavuz
Published: December 2020

Efficient implementations of the orbital-optimized coupled-cluster doubles [or simply ``optimized CCD'', OCCD, for short] method and its analytic energy gradients with the density-fitting (DF) approach, denoted by DF-OCCD, are presented. In addition to the DF approach, the Cholesky-decomposed variant (CD-OCCD) is also implemented for energy computations. The computational cost of the DF-OCCD method {(available in a plugin version of the {\sc DFOCC} module of {\sc Psi4})} is compared with that of the conventional OCCD {(from the {\sc Q-Chem} package)}. The OCCD computations were performed with the {\sc Q-chem} package, in which it is denoted by OD. In the conventional OCCD, one needs to perform four-index integrals transformations at each CCD iterations, which limits its applications to large chemical systems. Our results demonstrate that DF-OCCD provides dramatically lower computational costs compared to OCCD, there are almost 8-fold reductions in the computational time for the \ce{C6H14} molecule with the cc-pVTZ basis set. For open-shell geometries, interaction energies, and hydrogen transfer reactions, DF-OCCD provides significant improvements upon DF-CCD. {Further, the performance of the DF-OCCD method is substantially better for harmonic vibrational frequencies in the case of symmetry breaking problems. Moreover,} several factors make DF-OCCD more attractive compared to CCSD: (1) for DF-OCCD there is no need for orbital relaxation contributions in analytic gradient computations (2) active spaces can readily be incorporated into DF-OCCD (3) DF-OCCD provides accurate vibrational frequencies when symmetry-breaking problems are observed (4) in its response function, DF-OCCD avoids artificial poles; hence, excited-state molecular properties can be computed via linear response theory (5) Symmetric and asymmetric triples corrections based on DF-OCCD [DF-OCCD(T)] has a significantly better performance in near degeneracy regions.
Molecular Docking and Clinical Study of Inhibition of Phytochemical Compounds of Nigella Sativa, Matricaria Chamomilla and Origanum Vulgare L on COVID_19 Mpro
Authors: Shaghaghi Neda , Fereydooni Sima , Molaei kordabad Naiemeh
Published: December 2020

Due to the high rate of infection reported in the new Coronavirus, in recent months, a lot of research has been done on the introduction of antiviral drugs. Recent studies have shown that inhibiting viral protease enzymes are highly effective in controlling infection caused by any type of virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioinformatics of inhibition of the new coronavirus protease enzyme by compounds in the essential oils of three medicinal plants. This is a descriptive-analytical study. For this bioinformatics analysis, the structure of compounds from PubChem database and the structure of COVID_19 protease enzyme were obtained from PDB database. Molecular docking was then performed by MVD software. The results showed that the site of interaction of the compounds in the protected area is enzymatic flap. Also, 15 patients voluntarily received steam therapy with the essential oils of these plants and their symptoms of lung infection improved. Therefore, it can be concluded that the studied compounds with strong interaction due to their natural origin and the possibility of less side effects, as well as their direct entry into the respiratory tract, these compounds are suitable for drug treatment for coronavirus infection.
A Low-Cost Mechatronic System for Sol-Gel Spraypyrolysis Technique
Authors: Oviedo Martin E. , Alvira Fernando , Apaolaza Agustin , Martiarena Juan F. , Tejerina Matías R.
Published: December 2020

This work presents a design of a low-cost spray pyrolysis automatized system which allows to manufacture high quality thin films. In particular, the thermal component of this instrument is modelled in different operation conditions, analyzed, and controlled. Also, different configurations for the whole instrument are analyzed.
Synthesis and Thermal Study of Hexacoordinated Aluminum(III) Triazenides for Use in Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Samii Rouzbeh , Zanders David , Buttera Sydney , Kessler Vadim , Ojamäe Lars , Pedersen Henrik , O'Brien Nathan
Published: December 2020

Amidinate and guanidinate ligands have been used extensively to produce volatile and thermally stable precursors for atomic layer deposition. The triazenide ligand is relatively unexplored as an alternative ligand system. Herein, we present six new Al(III) complexes bearing three sets of a 1,3-dialkyltriazenide ligand. These complexes volatilize quantitatively in a single step with onset volatilization temperatures of ~150 °C and 1 Torr vapor pressures of ~134 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed these Al(III) complexes exhibited exothermic events that overlapped with the temperatures of their mass loss events in thermogravimetric analysis. Using quantum chemical density functional theory computations, we found a decomposition pathway transforming the relatively large hexacoordinated Al(III) precursor into a smaller dicoordinated complex. The pathway relies on previously unexplored inter-ligand interactions, in which protons migrate between the triazenide ligands. These new Al(III) triazenides provides a series of alternative precursors with unique thermal properties that could be highly advantageous for vapor deposition processes of Al containing materials.
Polyploid giant cancer cells and their role in the formation of resistance to therapeutic treatment
Authors: Vartanyan N. L. , Pinevich A. A. , Bode I. I. , Samoylovich M. P.
Published: December 2020

The review considers the properties of polyploid giant tumor cells a new target for the development of cancer therapy. Various number of polyploid giant tumor cells are detected in almost all human solid tumors. Their number increases under the influence of hypoxia, radiation, and after chemotherapy. Previously, these cells were not considered to be worth studying as they do not proliferate and eventually die as a result of one of the cell death mechanisms action. Recent data have demonstrated that polyploid giant cells can give rise to daughter cells that possess tumorigenicity and are characterized as stem tumor cells. Giant tumor cells and daughter cells are involved in the processes of metastasis, recurrence, drug resistance formation and radio-resistance of tumors. The search is under way for molecular targets that could prevent the appearance or contribute to the elimination of previously formed polyploid giant tumor cells. The combination of traditional therapy that causes the death of proliferating tumor cells and allows their elimination, with the use of tools that could prevent the appearance of resistant polyploid giant cells and their daughter cells, can be the key to the effective treatment of malignancies.
Features of management of oncohematological patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Poddubnaya I. V. , Tumian G. S. , Trofimova O. P. , Babicheva L. G. , Bariakh E. A. , Poliakov A. S.
Published: December 2020

Features of management of oncohematological patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lecture
Malignant neoplasms mortality rates in Moscow and Saint Petersburg in 2015 and 2018
Authors: Samorodskaya I. V. , Semenov V. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Significant differences in mortality rates of the most of the death causes were detected between Moscow and Saint-Petersburg in the number of researches.
Aim.Comparison and ranging of standardized mortality rates (SMR) from malignant neoplasms (MN) of different localizations in Moscow and in Saint-Petersburg in 2015 and 2018; determination of the localizations with main input in SMR from MN.
Materials.Number of citizens and number of deaths from tumors accordingly to Rosstat Short nomenclature of the death reasons were evaluated. Death rates were calculated using the special computer programs on the base of European standard, comparison was provided with help of non-parametric criteria.
Results.SMR of 29 from 33 MN localizations became lower in 2018 comparing to 2015 both in Moscow and in Saint-Petersburg. The average SMR decreased in 2018 in Saint-Petersburg statistically significant (p=0.003) and in Moscow non-significant (p=0.34). The largest SMR value both in 2015 and in 2018 in Moscow and in Saint-Petersburg as well were registered from 7 cancer localizations (trachea, bronchus, lungs; large intestine; breast; pancreas; rectum; prostate). The share of these SMR localizations in all MN was 57% and 54% in Moscow and 57 and 56% in Saint-Petersburg correspondingly. SMR of all 7 localizations were lower in Moscow comparing to Saint-Petersburg. SMR was lower in 2018 comparing to 2015 in both cities. The share of MN of others, unspecified, non-classified, etc. localizations in all MN was 11% in 2015 in both cities. Its share was in 2018 13.5% in Moscow and 10.1% in Saint Petersburg.
Conclusions.SMR of most MN was higher in Saint Petersburg as in Moscow both in 2015 and in 2018. The analyses of the effectiveness of screening programs and of health care organization for patients with MN with highest SMR is needed. The questions of the differential diagnostics (intravital and postmortem) and of control the quality of medical death certificates filling in should be solved for the decrease of mortality of nonrefinement MN.
DETERMINATION OF THE GEOMETRIC FORM OF SCATTERING PARTICLES INSIDE THE POLYMERIC MATRIX
Authors: Пахомов Павел Михайлович , Хижняк Светлана Дмитриевна , Маркова Алена Игорьевна , Ситникова Вера Евгеньевна
Published: December 2020

В работе предложен новый спектроскопический метод оценки анизометрии и ориентации рассевающих частиц (пор или частиц наполнителя) внутри полимерной матрицы путем построения угловых зависимостей интенсивности рассеянного света. На примере полимерных материалов с различной геометрической формой рассеивающих частиц (частицы наполнителя и поры сферической и вытянутой форм) построены угловые зависимости интенсивности рассеянного света, отражающие геометрическую форму усредненной рассеивающей частицы.

A new spectroscopic method is proposed for assessing the anisometry and orientation of scattering particles (pores or filler particles) inside a polymer matrix by constructing angular dependences of the scattered light intensity. On the example of polymeric materials with different geometric shapes of scattering particles (filler particles and pores of spherical and elongated shapes), angular dependences of the scattered light intensity are constructed, which reflect the geometric shape of the averaged scattering particle.
水利水电施工中防渗处理施工技术分析
Authors: 文 祥
Published: December 2020

随着时代的发展，中国的经济和社会有着很大的进步，国家在民生保障上也投入了大量的资源，所以中国的水利水电工程的数量和规模也在进一步的增大。在实际的水利水电工程中，其施工过程中常常会出现有一些问题，其中最为严重的一项就是渗漏问题，论文以防渗工作为核心，探讨了水利水电工程中防渗漏处理施工技术问题。
分散式农村生活污水治理技术分析
Authors: 李 万鹏 , 高 东
Published: December 2020

面对新农村的建设，农村居民的生活水平明显提升，但是生活环境承受压力日益增大，需要结合当前农村生活污水治理情况加以分析，明确分散式污水治理技术的运用优势，阐述基本的实践情况，为新农村的长远进步稳固基础。
大黑汀水库水资源管理与环境治理研究
Authors: 刘 笑源
Published: December 2020

论文从中国大黑汀水库水资源管理的现状出发，总结归纳了目前大黑汀水库水资源管理及环境治理方面的问题，探究了水资源管理及环境治理优化对策，具有一定的实践指导意义。
水利水电施工与管理技术探究
Authors: 高 建
Published: December 2020

随着中国社会经济的不断发展，基础设施的建设进程也在不断的加快脚步。论文通过对水利水电工程施工的整体特征来进行结合，探讨怎样能进一步推动优化更多的施工和管理技术的措施，来帮助中国基础设施建设和水利水电工程事业不断发展。
浅议新时期地质测绘技术与发展
Authors: 赵 夬
Published: December 2020

随着测绘技术的现代化，地质测绘的技术方法和技术手段也将逐步更新换代。论文对新时期现代地质测绘技术进行了分析探讨。
数字化测绘技术在地质工程测量中的应用分析探讨
Authors: 杨 靖骐
Published: December 2020

随着经济全球化的发展，科技也在快速发展，现代化的测绘技术和地质工程测量开始使用数字化技术进行操作。经过中国科研人员的不懈努力，数字技术已经在中国得到了进一步发展，测绘技术取得了巨大进步，建立了以遥感技术、地理信息技术和全球定位技术等为一体的数字化测绘体系，这一体系的建立和各项技术的融合使中国的测绘技术进入世界顶尖国家行列。地质工程测量的发展需要精确的测绘仪器，测绘技术的发展对地质工程测量的发展起着重要的作用。数字化测绘技术是建立在网络技术和计算机系统发展的基础上的，是和智能测绘仪一起为测绘工作服务的。论文从数字化测绘技术和地质工程测量的应用方面做出研究，希望能够对数字化测绘技术的实践应用起到一定的作用。
石油地质勘探及储层评价方法探讨
Authors: 蒋 宗凯 , 张 永强 , 于 圣泉 , 庞 新龙 , 修 宗祥 , 孙 凯
Published: December 2020

随着经济的快速发展，中国的石油开发规模正在不断扩大，石油开采量也跃居世界前列。但是，中国的石油地质勘探及储层评价方法的研究还远远不够，为了缓解能源紧张的问题，保障石油安全，需要重视石油地质勘探及储层评价方法研究，从而促进石油产业可持续健康发展。论文依托中国石油地质勘探的发展现状，介绍地质勘探的内容，并进一步对储层方法进行探讨，希望所提内容能为中国石油资源的勘探及储层评价提供参考。
ТУРИСТСКИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ В СТРУКТУРЕ ТУРИСТСКО-РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА РЕГИОНА: ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ, ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГРАНИЦ, ПРИЗНАКИ
Authors: Котельников Данил Андреевич
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. В статье представлены результаты исследования понятия «туристская территория» в современном понятийно-терминологическом аппарате науки о туризме. Метод или методология проведения работы. Проведен анализ теоретических исследований, отражающих основные подходы к идентификации территорий с туристско-рекреационной специализацией в качестве отдельной таксономической единицы туристско-рекреационного пространства. Результаты. Выделены и обоснованы основные критерии идентификации туристских территорий в структуре туристско-рекреационного пространства, рассмотрены сравнительные характеристики понятий «туристская дестинация» и «туристская территория». Определено место туристских территорий в системе территориального деления Российской Федерации, в том числе в системе муниципально-территориального и административно-территориального устройства, а также в системе туристско-рекреационного районирования. Выделены основные признаки туристских территорий. На основании данных признаков проведена структуризация туристско-рекреационного пространства региона на примере Краснодарского края, в рамках которой выделено три туристско-рекреационные зоны и девять туристских территорий. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы в дальнейших методологических и эмпирических разработках по проблемам управления устойчивым развитием туристских регионов. Выводы. Делается вывод о том, что идентификация туристских территорий в структуре туристско-рекреационного пространства региона имеет важное практическое значение с точки зрения создания механизма управления устойчивым развитием региона и входящих в его состав туристских территорий.
РОЛЬ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КРЕДИТНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ НА РЫНКЕ ССУДНЫХ КАПИТАЛОВ
Authors: Закергаева Карина Мурадовна , Исаева Патимат Гаджиевна
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. Охарактеризовать роль и значение кредитных организаций на рынке ссудных капиталов. Метод. Проведен статистический анализ кредитных организаций на рынке ссудных капиталов и деятельность ПАО «Сбербанк» за 2016‒2019 гг. Результаты. В условиях трансформации экономики роль ссудного капитала возрастает, так как полноценное функционирование и расширение любой фирмы нереальны без денежных займов. В современной экономике, которая сопровождается негативным воздействием кризиса глобальной финансовой среды, только немногие предприниматели имеют достаточные собственные накопления, способные финансировать всю деятельность фирмы. Дается понятие ссудного капитала, т. е. это денежные средства, которые отданы в ссуду под определенный процент на условиях возвратности. Исходя из этого, проводится анализ возвратности кредита на примере ПАО «Сбербанк». Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при изучении динамики развития кредитных организаций на рынке ссудных капиталов. Вывод. Делается вывод, что, несмотря на небольшое увеличение просроченных долгов, санкций и различных кризисов, ситуация с погашением кредитов улучшается и становится более стабильной благодаря практике использования различных форм погашения кредитов и других иных путей совершенствования возвратности кредитов.
MEANING DIFFERENCES IN SOME SYNONYMS IN ENGLISH
Authors:   Andijan State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Teshaboyeva Bibiroziya
Published: December 2020

This article is about synonyms, particularly their types. It has also been shown that words that re synonymous are distinct from each other. From the article how words are used in the sentence structure, in which cases the use processes are described. There are such synonyms in English thay they are different from the Uzbek synonyms.We can distinguish them by meaning, in other words they are used in the context of the sentence. In this process, the learner will have difficulty using synonyms. Through the article, we have explored some synonyms in meaning differentiation to facilitate the learner.
ISSUES ON THE DICHOTOMY OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH
Authors:   Uzbek State Institute of Arts and Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islamov Utkurjon
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the issues based on the dichotomy of language and speech, one of the topics that have been debated by linguists around the world for many years. The article discusses the results of research conducted by European and Eastern linguists on many issues, such as the relationship of language and speech, diachrony and synchrony, the fact that language is a system of systems, speech acquisition.
DEVELOPING WRITING ABILITIES OF EFL STUDENTS THROUGH BLOGGING
Authors:   Shakhrisabz branch of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami of the Republic of UZbekistan, Mutabar Murodova , Rustamova Maftuna
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to review the using blogs in teaching the writing skills to students: we explore various types of blogs and review their didactic features and methodological function; suggest to develop writing skills via blogs; and determine the stages of students’ writing skills development via blogs.This paper reports on a process approach to the writing by implementation of innovative pedagogical technologies such as a cycle of blogging activities within different levels of courses of English language for academic purposes at theuniversitiesof Uzbekistan
LINGUOCULTURAL STUDY OF AGING-RELATED EUPHEMISMS(ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHINESE AND UZBEK LANGUAGES)
Authors:   Tashkent state University of Oriental Studies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shamsieva Shokhistakhon
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the linguo cultural study of euphemisms related to the oldness in Chinese and Uzbek. Sometimes people encounter situations when communicating with others where they cannot say what they want directly or use phrases in their own sense, putting their interlocutors at a disadvantage. Euphemisms applied to find out solution of such complicated situations. Euphemisms are words and expressions, which are replaces forbidden, improper to say, rude lexicon that contradict moral norms in its own polite way
Dindar insan algısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: AKÇA Emine Dilşad , YILDIZ Mualla
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı bireylerdeki dindar insan algısının belirlenmesini kolaylaştıran bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Dinlerin inananlarına sosyal yaşamlarını düzenleme, yaşam zorluklarıyla baş etme gibi konularda yol gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Aynı dine inansalar da bireyler farklı yaşam tecrübelerine sahip oldukları için din ve dindarlık ile ilgili kavramları ve tanımlamaları çok farklı yapabilmektedirler. Bu bağlamdan yola çıkılarak Türkiye’de dindarlığın nasıl algılandığını değerlendirebilecek bir ölçek çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, 105 katılımcıya dindar insan kavramından ne anladıkları sorularak 145 maddelik bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur ve alan uzmanların görüşleri alınmıştır. Uzman görüşleri ve kullanışlılık ilkesi göz önüne alınarak eldeki maddeler 41 e indirilmiş ve pilot uygulama yapılmıştır. Pilot uygulamada 98 kişinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde 41 madde ile açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış, KMO Bartlett katsayısı 0,959, serbestlik derecesi 406 ve anlamlılık P<0,005 bulunmuştur. Analiz sonucunda dört boyutlu, varyansı %59, 6 olan 35 maddelik bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen ölçeğin uygulamasından (N= 426) sonra SPSS programı ile açımlayıcı, LİSREL programı ile de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış, 35 maddeli ve dört boyutlu bir ölçek olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Her bir boyuttaki maddenin faktör yük değerleri 0,48 ile 0,85 arasında değişmektedir. Dört boyutun açıklayabildiği toplam varyansın %57,03 olduğu görülmüştür. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde ise (X^(2⁄df)= 1,89; RMSEA=0,046; NFI = 0,97; CFI = 0,99; GFI = 0,84) ve elde edilen değerlerin dört boyutlu ölçek ile uyum sağladığı görülmüştür. Ok’un (2011) Dinî Tutum Ölçeğiyle geliştirilen ölçek arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında, alt boyutlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda dindar insan algısını ölçebilecek dört boyutlu ölçeğin iç tutarlılığının güvenirliğini gösteren KMO=0,957 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
İlk fransızca kur’an tercümesi: André du Yyer ve L’Alcoran de Mahomet adlı eseri
Authors: ADIBELLİ Ramazan
Published: December 2020

Avrupa’da Kur’an ilk kez 12. yüzyılda Latinceye tercüme edilmiştir. Bu çevirinin temel amacı, İslam’ı öz kaynağından öğrenerek onu “kendi silahıyla vurmak” ya da misyonerlik faaliyetlerinde bir araç olarak kullanmaktı. Dört asır sonra bu çeviri matbu hâle getirilmiştir. Birçok tereddüt ve itirazdan sonra Theodor Bibliander’in revize ederek ve ilaveler ekleyerek matbu hâle getirdiği Latince tercüme, İtalyanca, Almanca ve Hollandaca Kur’an çevirilerine kaynaklık teşkil etmiştir. 1647’de ilk kez yerel bir Avrupa diline Kur’an tercüme edilmiştir. André Du Ryer’ün orijinalinden Fransızcaya yaptığı bu Kur’an çevirisine L’Alcoran de Mahomet adı konmuştur. Daha sonra bu eser, İngilizce, Almanca, Hollandaca, İspanyolca, İtalyanca ve Rusçaya tercüme edilerek birçok Avrupa dilinde Kur’an’ın yerel dillerde yayılmasını sağlamış ve böylece Latince bilmeyen geniş halk kitlelerinin Kur’an’ı okuyabilmelerini mümkün kılmıştır. Du Ryer’ün biyografisi ve bibliyografisi üzerinde durularak bu çalışmada onu Kur’an’ı tercüme etmeye motive eden şeylerin neler olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra, çeviri meydana getirilirken hangi kaynaklardan faydalanıldığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak eserin içeriği incelenerek L’Alcoran de Mahomet’in çeviri değeri üzerinde bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Birçok eksiklik ve hataya rağmen bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde Du Ryer’ün Kur’an tercümesi, İslam’ı kendi kaynağından doğru bir şekilde anlama yönünde önemli bir adım teşkil ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Du Ryer’ün bu çalışması, asırlar boyunca önyargılar ve yanlış bilgilerle dolu polemik amacıyla yazılmış kaynaklardan okuyan Avrupalılara İslam’ın kutsal kitabını kendi dillerinde okuyarak anlama imkanı sunmuştur. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda Avrupa’daki zihniyet dönüşümünün de bir yansıması olarak kabul edilebilir. Teolojik ve apolojetik yaklaşımdan bilimsel yaklaşıma geçiş sürecinde kuşkusuz L’Alcoran de Mahomet’in katkısı büyük olmuştur.
Experimental studies on the possibility of manufacturing cold bends with increased bending angles
Authors:   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC, Nesterov Grigory V. , Zadubrovskaya Olga A. ,   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC, Gavrilov Dmitry A. ,   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC, Poshibaev Pavel V. ,   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC
Published: December 2020

Used in order to turn the line of trunk pipelines in horizontal and vertical planes, cold bends are the simplest and most economical elements to be manufactured. Their smaller rotation angle compared with other types of bends is, however, a disadvantage. The article presents the results of cold bends, experimentally manufactured from K56 strength class pipes to have an increased bending angle compared to that stated in regulatory requirements; also, it contains test results regarding metal samples taken from deformed and undeformed sites of the experimental bends. It was found that 720×8 mm and 1020×17 mm bends at rotation angles of up to 13 and 9.1°, respectively, retain satisfactory geometric parameters and are not prone to corrugations. A study on how hardening at cold deformation affects the change in the mechanical properties of deformed bend sites showed that the values of temporary resistance, yield strength, elongation, and impact strength comply with regulatory requirements. It was revealed that the delivery state of the rolled stock of the initial bare pipe affects the level of impact strength and the cold brittleness threshold attributed to the bends: thus, when testing the bent-out metal after high tempering, a higher level of toughness together with a higher cold brittleness threshold were revealed compared to those obtained when testing the bent-out metal after controlled rolling. In general, experimental studies confirmed that cold bends with an increased bending angle could be manufactured from Russian-made pipes of K56 strength class. Such bends used to construct a trunk pipeline will contribute to reducing the total number of bends, the amount of work and, consequently, the cost of construction.
Investigation of the reasons for decreased efficiency of depressant additives during the pumping of paraffinic oils
Authors:   Transneft, Lyapin Alexander Y. , Nekuchaev Vladimir O. ,   Ukhta State Technical University, Ovchinnikov Sergei K. ,   Transneft Supervision, LLC;, Mikheev Mikhail M. ,   Transneft North, JSC
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the research is to find out the reasons for the decrease in the effectiveness of the depressor additive DPN-1 as oil flows through the pipeline. The objects of the research are a mixture of paraffinic oils entering the Usa – Ukhta oil pipeline, either treated or untreated with DPN-1, as well as its mixture with highly-refined oil pumped from the Chikshino crude oil delivery and acceptance point. To achieve this goal, the rheological properties of oil were monitored at the main US oil pumping station, Chikshino and Ukhta-1 oil pumping stations; laboratory studies on the rheological properties attributed to simulated mixtures, compiled taking into account the volumes of oil delivered by various oil producers; and monitoring of the rheological properties of point samples of oils as they flow through the pipeline. The serial experiments resulted in establishing that the key factor in reduced efficiency of the DPN-1 additive used in the paraffinic oil mixture is the high pour point oil pumped from the Chikshino crude oil delivery and acceptance point (the share of which is 10 % of the total pumping volume).
The research of wear and corrosion-resistant properties of laser coatings with strengthening phase
Authors:   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Cherepanov Anatoly N. , Malikov Alexander G. ,   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Orishich Anatoly M. ,   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Drozdov Vladimir O. ,   Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science
Published: December 2020

One of the most promising methods of spraying protecting coating is the laser coating with strengthening phases, alloying or modifying elements. The purpose of this study is the creation of composite wear and corrosion resistant coatings by additive technology of laser coating for oil and mining industries. The possibility of obtaining complex coating with a strengthening phase is shown. Two variants of coating were considered. Variant 1: support plate made of 12Х18Н10Т stainless steel was cladded with sublayer made of Ni + Cr powder, afterwards the upper cladding layer made of Х23Н5М3ГС steel of Cr-Ni-Мn system was formed with various content of strengthening WC phase in the form of VK-12 powder. Variant 2: support plate made of carbon steel was cladded with four layers of self-fluxing cladding powder PS-12NVK-01 of Ni-Cr-Fe / WC system with addition of nanomodification of powder TiN + Y2O3 + Cr + Fe. The specialists established the dependence of microstructure, structural-phase components and micro hardness of cladded layer from the quantity of WC strengthening phase. The various content of WC strengthening phase (from 10 to 30 %) does not influence the micro hardness of the upper layer significantly – it’s average value is ≈ 700 HV The laser influence on powder mixture leads to partial deterioration of WC strengthening phase, which leads to chemical reaction of tungsten cobalt powder and stainless steеl with formation of complex intermetallic compounds and carbides. Small addition of nanosized modifier TiN + Y2O3 (0,1 % of weight) in a composite mixture with coating power PS-12NVK-01 allows increasing the hardness of protective coating by 1.4, and wear-resistance – by 2 times in comparison to the coatings with similar characteristics, obtained without nanomodifying additions.
Effect of Dietary Symbiotic and Acidifier on Growth Performance and Nutrients Digestibility in Growing Pigs Crossbreed
Authors: Adli Danung Nur , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary probiotic enhanced liquid acidifier combined with mannan-rich fraction on growth performance, nutrients digestibility in growing pigs. Thirty [(DurocÃ—Yorkshire)Ã—Landrace] pigs with the average initial BW of 36.75Â±1.57 kg were allocated into three treatments by a randomized complete block design. There were five pens per treatment with six pigs per pen. Dietary treatments include: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) T1 (basal diet+probiotic 0.1%) and 3) T2 (basal diet+probiotic+mannan rich fraction 0.2%). the data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using of SAS University Version 4.0. The model included the effects of block (replication) and treatment. Pen served as the experimental unit. During the entire experimental period of 6 weeks, results showed that addition of complex probiotic at the level of 0.2% to diet increased ADG significantly (p<0.05). Also, digestibility of DM and N tended to increase. To sum up, results in this experiment indicated that dietary [(probiotikÃ—acidifier)Ã—mannan-rich-fraction]  supplementation had a positive effect on growing pigs performance and nutrient digestibility
Characteristics of Motile and Static Semen of Swamp Buffalo in Teaching and Experimental Farm Lombok
Authors: Maskur Maskur , Arman Chairussyuhur , Said Syahrudin
Published: December 2020

Penampungan semen pada kerbau seringkali menghasilkan semen yang tidak menunjukkan adanya pergerakan massa spermatozoa. Semen seperti ini disebut semen statik, sedangkan semen yang menunjukkan adanya pergerakan massa spermatozoa disebut semen motil. Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas semen dan spermatozoa pada  semen motil dan semen statik  kerbau lumpur. Sumber semen diperoleh dari 3 ekor kerbau lumpur dengan kisaran umur 2.5 sampai 3,0 tahun dan berat badan 441 sampai 477 kg yang dipelihara di Teaching dan Experimental Farm, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Mataram. Sebanyak sembilan puluh delapan ejakulat terdiri atas 52 ejakulat semen motil dan 46 ejakulat semen statik digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi kualitas semen dan spermatozoa pada ketiga sumber semen tersebut. Kejadian ejakulat statik adalah sekitar 47 persen yang bervariasi dari pejantan ke pejantan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan di antara kerbau jantan didapati tidak signifikan untuk semua karakteristik semen statik, kecuali volume semen. Ketika data karakteristik semen dari ketiga kerbau jantan disatukan, ejakulat statik menunjukkan pH, total spermatozoa abnormal dan ekor bengkok yang lebih tinggi (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan ejakulat motil. Sebaliknya, ejakulat statik menunjukkan penurunan volume ejakulat, konsentrasi sperma dan spermatozoa hidup yang signifikan (p<0,05). Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang kesesuaian semen motil kerbau lumpur yang dipreservasi dalam keadaan cair dan beku.
Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Search, Solve, Create And Share Pada Pokok Bahasan Kesetimbangan Ion dan pH Larutan Garam
Authors: Pichi Selfia Okta , Erviyenni Erviyenni , Holiwarni Betty
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa lembar kegitan peserta didik (LKPD) berbasis search, solve, create and share (SSCS) pada pokok bahasan kesetimbangan ion dan pH larutan garam untuk kelas XI tingkat SMA/MA. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan 4-D. Objek penelitian yaitu LKPD berbasis SSCS. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar validasi yang diberikan kepada tiga orang validator dan lembar respon pengguna kepada dua orang guru mata pelajaran kimia dan 20 orang peserta didik kelas XII MIPA SMA dan MA. Teknik analisis data yaitu dengan cara menghitung skor persentase penilaian validasi dan respon pengguna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis SSCS yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria valid dari aspek penilaian substansi isi, kelayakan karakteristik SSCS, kebahasaan, penyajian dan kegrafisan dengan persentase skor keseluruhan sebesarÃÂ  93,01 %. Respon pengguna berdasarkan lembar tanggapan guru dan tanggapan peserta didik masing-masing memperoleh skor 92,5 % dan 91,43%.
Pengembangan Alat Permainan Edukatif Karambol Berbasis HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Eni Umi Angga , Wijayanti Arfilia , Ardiyanto Asep
Published: December 2020

Alat bantu pembelajaran sangat diperlukan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk membantu siswa memahami materi dengan menyenangkan dan bereksplorasi meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritisnya. Oleh karena itu peneliti mengembangkan Alat permainan Edukatif Karambol Berbasis HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) untuk membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis serta belajar sambil bermain.Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan desain penelitian menurut ADDIE dengan tahapan yaitu Analasis (Analisis), Design (desain/merancang), Development (pengembangan), Implementation (implementasi/penerapan), Evaluation (evaluasi). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan analisis kebutuhan guru dan siswa untuk mengetahui kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan dilapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang dengan subyek siswa kelas IV. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket validasi ahli media dan ahli materi untuk mengetahui kevalidan media dan materi pembelajaran, angket respon guru danÃÂ  siswa untuk mengetahui kepraktisan media dan materi pembelajaran, serta soal pretest-postest untuk mengetahui keefektifan media APE Karambol berbasis HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) sebagai pembelajaran IPA kelas IV sekolah dasar.ÃÂ  Hasil penelitian menunjukkanÃÂ  bahwa pengembangan Alat Permainan Edukatif Karambol Berbasis HOTS valid dan praktis serta efektif digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran IPA sekolah dasar.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Tematik Berbasis HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Muzayyanah Afika , Wijayanti Arfilia , Ardiyanto Asep
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Tematik Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, dan untuk mengetahui kevalidan dan kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Tematik Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik ini terdiri enam tahapan yaitu: (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan informasi, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain, (5) perbaikan desain, (6) uji coba produk. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket validasi ahli media, angket validasi ahli materi, angket respon siswa, dan angket respon guru. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 2 kelas di SDN Tlogosari Wetan 01 Semarang yaitu kelas IVA dan IVB. Hasil uji kevalidan mendapatkan skor rata-rata persentase keidealan dari ahli media 85,66% dengan kriteria Ã¢â¬Åsangat layakÃ¢â¬Â dan dari skor rata-rata persentase keidealan dari ahli materi sebesar 85,75% dengan kriteria Ã¢â¬Åsangat layakÃ¢â¬Â. Sedangkan uji kepraktisan mendapat skor persentase keidealan hasil respon guru sebesar 91,50% dengan kriteria Ã¢â¬Åsangat layakÃ¢â¬Â dan dari skor rata-rata persentase keidealan hasil respon siswa sebesar 93,41% dengan kriteria Ã¢â¬Åsangat layakÃ¢â¬Â. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa lembar kerja peserta didik yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti valid dan praktis digunakan untuk siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar.
Pengembangan Modul Praktikum Pemisahan Kimia Berbasis Kewirausahaan
Authors: Mutiah Mutiah , Loka I Nyoman , Sukib Sukib
Published: December 2020

Telah dilakukan peneltian tentang pengembangan petunjuk praktikum pemisahan kimia berbasis kewirausahaan (PKBK). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memotivasi mahasiswa untuk berwirausaha.ÃÂ  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pe-ngembangan dengan tahapan:ÃÂ  pengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengembangan draft produk, dan uji coba terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 27% mahasiswa memberikan respon sangat setuju, 60% setuju, dan 13% kurang setuju terhadap penyusunan petunjuk praktikum PKBK. Hasil validitas ahli maupun validitas metode analisis kimia menun-jukkan petunjuk praktikum tersebut dinyatakan valid. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua mahasiswa yang memiliki respon rendah terhadap penyusunan petunjuk praktikum PKBK memiliki kemampuan praktek, analisis hasil praktek, dan motivasi berwirausaha rendah. Hasil analisis respon mahasiswa setelah melakukan uji-coba menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 80% mahasiswa menyatakan sangat setuju dan 20% setuju bahwa petunjuk praktikum PKBK dapat menumbuhkan motivasi berwirausaha. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa petunjuk praktikum PKBK layak diterapkan dalam paraktikum pemisahan kimia untuk memotivasi mahasiswa berwira-usaha.
MANIFESTASI KLINIS NEUROLOGIS PADA COVID-19
Authors: Vania Aurelia , Yuliani Desie , Sumada I Ketut
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) merupakan penyakit yang mudah menular dan menyebabkan kondisi pandemi saat ini. Manifestasi utama infeksi SARS-CoV-2 adalah gangguan sistem respirasi, tetapi manifestasi neurologis telah dilaporkan pada beberapa literatur.
Tujuan: Untuk menggambarkan manifestasi klinis neurologis yang dapat ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19.
Diskusi: Gejala neurologis yang dapat timbul pada COVID-19 bervariasi dari nyeri kepala, dizziness, anosmia, penyakit serebrovaskular, penurunan kesadaran, ensefalitis, meningitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, dan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Manifestasi klinis neurologis terkadang muncul mendahului gejala tipikal COVID-19.
Simpulan: COVID-19 menyebabkan manifestasi klinis neurologis yang bervariasi dari gejala non-spesifik hingga gejala spesifik yang melibatkan sistem saraf pusat, sistem saraf tepi, dan muskuloskeletal. Infeksi virus ini perlu diwaspadai sebagai penyebab keluhan neurologis di masa pandemi dan manifestasi neurologis baru perlu diantisipasi selama perawatan pasien COVID-19.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, manifestasi neurologis, SARS-CoV-2
TATA LAKSANA PEMERIKSAAN NEUROLOGIS VIRTUAL DI ERA PANDEMI CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019
Authors: Susilawathi Ni Made , Tini Kumara , Wijayanti Ida Ayu Sri , Rahmawati Putu Lohita , Sudira Putu Gede , Wardhana Dewa Putu Wisnu , Samatra Dewa Putu Gde Purwa
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) dengan penularannya yang sangat cepat di seluruh dunia berdampak terhadap perubahan pelayanan kesehatan di bidang neurologi sebagai upaya mendukung program pengendalian penyakit ini.

Tujuan: Merumuskan rekomendasi panduan pemeriksaan neurologis untuk pelayanan teleneurologi.  

Diskusi: Penyesuaian dalam pelaksanaan pelayanan neurologi perlu segera dilakukan dengan mengadopsi metode pelayanan dengan telemedicine terutama dalam tata cara pemeriksaan pasien dengan pembatasan fisik dan sosial sebagai salah satu langkah pencegahan infeksi SARS-CoV-2.

Simpulan: Layanan teleneurologi perlu dikembangkan dalam pelayanan neurologi termasuk pengembangan prosedur pemeriksaan neurologis secara virtual.
Collaborative strategies supporting knowledge management in organizations
Authors: Yousef Mohammed , Collazos Cesar Alberto
Published: December 2020

Significant work has addressed the role of knowledge and its impacts on business organizations. The construction of effective environments implies time and cost pressure, allowing staff to seek immediate solutions from knowledge management (KM). Some studies have shown that collaborative knowledge generation through storage, access, dissemination, and application could help organizations collaborate with partner firms to share supply chain knowledge and improve their work. However, it is not clear how to structure activities that convey real collaboration. In that way, this paper proposes a mechanism using collaborative strategies supporting effective transfer knowledge in different kinds of organizations.