bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two-moment Radiation Hydrodynamics Scheme Applicable to Simulations of Planet Formation in Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Melon Fuksman Julio David , Klahr Hubert , Flock Mario , Mignone Andrea
Published: January 2021

We present a numerical code for radiation hydrodynamics designed as a module for the freely available PLUTO code. We adopt a gray approximation and include radiative transfer following a two-moment approach by imposing the M1 closure to the radiation fields. This closure allows for a description of radiative transport in both the diffusion and free-streaming limits, and is able to describe highly anisotropic radiation transport as can be expected in the vicinity of an accreting planet in a protoplanetary disk. To reduce the computational cost caused by the timescale disparity between radiation and matter fields, we integrate their evolution equations separately in an operator-split way, using substepping to evolve the radiation equations. We further increase the code’s efficiency by adopting the reduced speed of light approximation (RSLA). Our integration scheme for the evolution equations of radiation fields relies on implicit-explicit schemes, in which radiation-matter interaction terms are integrated implicitly while fluxes are integrated via Godunov-type solvers. The module is suitable for general astrophysical computations in one, two, and three dimensions in Cartesian, spherical, and cylindrical coordinates, and can be implemented on rotating frames. We demonstrate the algorithm performance on different numerical benchmarks, paying particular attention to the applicability of the RSLA for computations of physical processes in protoplanetary disks. We show 2D simulations of vertical convection in disks and 3D simulations of gas accretion by planetary cores, which are the first of their kind to be solved with a two-moment approach.
Multiple Stellar Populations along the Red Horizontal Branch and Red Clump of Globular Clusters
Authors: Dondoglio E. , Milone A. P. , Lagioia E. P. , Marino A. F. , Tailo M. , Cordoni G. , Jang S. , Carlos M.
Published: January 2021

We exploit multiband Hubble Space Telescope photometry to investigate multiple populations (MPs) along the red horizontal branches (HBs) and red clumps of 14 metal-rich globular clusters (GCs), including 12 Milky Way GCs and the Magellanic Cloud GCs NGC 1978 and NGC 416. Based on appropriate two-color diagrams, we find that the fraction of first-generation (1G) stars in Galactic GCs correlates with cluster mass, confirming previous results based on red-giant branch (RGB) stars. Magellanic Cloud GCs show higher fractions of 1G stars than Galactic GCs with similar masses, thus suggesting that the environment affects the MP phenomenon. We compared and combined our population fractions based on the HB with previous estimates from the MS and RGB, and we used ground-based UBVI photometry (available for NGC 104, NGC 5927, NGC 6366, and NGC 6838) to extend the investigation over a wide field of view. All studied GCs are consistent with flat distributions of 1G and second-generation (2G) stars within ∼1′ from the cluster center except NGC 416, where the 2G is more centrally concentrated. 2G stars of NGC 104 and NGC 5927 are more centrally concentrated than the 1G stars, whereas the distribution is flat for NGC 6366 and NGC 6838. We discover that most of the analyzed GCs exhibit extended sequences of 1G stars along the red HB, not consistent with a simple population. The comparison between appropriate synthetic and observed CMDs reveals that these extended distributions are consistent with either star-to-star variation in helium or with an internal metallicity spread, recalling the inhomogeneity of 1G stars along the chromosome maps.
Does the Disk in the Hard State of XTE J1752–223 Extend to the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit?
Authors: Zdziarski Andrzej A. , De Marco Barbara , Szanecki Michał , Niedźwiecki Andrzej , Markowitz Alex
Published: January 2021

The accreting black hole binary XTE J1752–223 was observed in a stable hard state for 25 days by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), yielding a 3–140 keV spectrum of unprecedented statistical quality. Its published model required a single-Comptonization spectrum reflecting from a disk close to the innermost stable circular orbit. We studied that model as well as a number of other single-Comptonization models (yielding similarly low inner radii), but found they violate a number of basic physical constraints, e.g., their compactness is much above the maximum allowed by pair equilibrium. We also studied the contemporaneous 0.55–6 keV spectrum from the Swift/X-ray Telescope and found it well fitted by an absorbed power law and a disk blackbody with the innermost temperature of 0.1 keV. The normalization of the disk blackbody corresponds to an inner radius of ≳20 gravitational radii and its temperature, to irradiation of the truncated disk by a hot inner flow. We have also developed a Comptonization/reflection model including the disk irradiation and intrinsic dissipation, but found that it does not yield any satisfactory fits. On the other hand, we found that the ≤10 keV band from RXTE is much better fitted by a reflection from a disk with the inner radius ≳100 gravitational radii, which model then underpredicts the spectrum at >10 keV by <10%. We argue that the most plausible explanation of the above results is inhomogeneity of the source, with the local spectra hardening with the decreasing radius. Our results support the presence of a complex Comptonization region and a large disk truncation radius in this source.
Association between Artificial Reproductive Technology and Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Slaveykov Kiril , Trifonova Kalina , Mumszhiev Hristo
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Infertility is an increasingly common health problem which affects approximately 10% of the women in reproductive age. Artificial reproductive technology (ART), which is the modern solution to infertility, unfortunately has been linked to increased prevalence of prematurity and low birth weight (BW) in the newborn. Thatâ€™s why ART infants make up a considerable portion of the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening burden, which is likely to increase, as ART becomes increasingly available and utilized.
AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the association between ART and the development of ROP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of preterm infants screened for ROP at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the University Hospital â€oeProf. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovichâ€ Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, by single factor and multifactor logistic regression models.
RESULTS: During a 4-year period (2016–2019), 419 infants, meeting the screening criteria, were admitted in the ward. Out of them, 265 were conceived naturally and 154 through ART. Thirty-two (7.6%) children required laser treatment for ROP, among which 15 (46.87%) were conceived naturally and 17 (53.12%) by ART. Multifactor analyses proves BW (odds ratio [OR] 0.99; confidence interval [CI], 0.98â€“0.99; p = 0.008) and gestational age (GA) (OR 0.296; 95% CI 0.09â€“0.88; p = 0.029) as significant risk factors for severe ROP, requiring treatment.
CONCLUSION: ART is a risk factor for ROP due to its association with lower BW and GA of the newborn infants, rather than directly increasing the possibility for it. Nevertheless, there is a pronounced trend for more severe ROP to develop in ART children, when compared to naturally conceive in the same weight group.
Numerous new records of tropical non-indigenous species in the Eastern Mediterranean highlight the challenges of their recognition and identification
Authors: Albano Paolo G. , Steger Jan , Bakker Piet A. J. , Bogi Cesare , Bošnjak Marija , Guy-Haim Tamar , Huseyinoglu Mehmet Fatih , LaFollette Patrick I. , Lubinevsky Hadas , Mulas Martina , Stockinger Martina , Azzarone Michele , Sabelli Bruno
Published: January 2021

New data on 52 non-indigenous mollusks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is reported. Fossarus sp. (aff. aptus sensu Blatterer 2019), Coriophora lessepsiana Albano, Bakker & Sabelli, sp. nov., Cerithiopsis sp. aff. pulvis, Joculator problematicus Albano & Steger, sp. nov., Cerithiopsis sp., Elachisina sp., Iravadia aff. elongata, Vitrinella aff. Vitrinella sp. 1 (sensu Blatterer 2019), Melanella orientalis, Parvioris aff. dilecta, Odostomia cf. dalli, Oscilla virginiae, Parthenina cossmanni, Parthenina typica, Pyrgulina craticulata, Turbonilla funiculata, Cylichna collyra, Musculus coenobitus, Musculus aff. viridulus, Chavania erythraea, Scintilla cf. violescens, Iacra seychellarum and Corbula erythraeensis are new records for the Mediterranean. An unidentified gastropod, Skeneidae indet., Triphora sp., Hypermastus sp., Sticteulima sp., Vitreolina cf. philippi, Odostomia (s.l.) sp. 1, Henrya (?) sp., and Semelidae sp. are further potential new non-indigenous species although their status should be confirmed upon final taxonomic assessment. Additionally, the status of Dikoleps micalii, Hemiliostraca clandestinacomb. nov. and H. athenamariaecomb. nov. is changed to non-indigenous, range extensions for nine species and the occurrence of living individuals for species previously recorded from empty shells only are reported. Opimaphora blattereri Albano, Bakker & Sabelli, sp. nov. is described from the Red Sea for comparison with the morphologically similar C. lessepsiana Albano, Bakker & Sabelli, sp. nov. The taxonomic part is followed by a discussion on how intensive fieldwork and cooperation among institutions and individuals enabled such a massive report, and how the poor taxonomic knowledge of the Indo-Pacific fauna hampers non-indigenous species detection and identification. Finally, the hypothesis that the simultaneous analysis of quantitative benthic death assemblages can support the assignment of non-indigenous status to taxonomically undetermined species is discussed.
On the universal $ \alpha $-central extensions of the semi-direct product of Hom-preLie algebras
Authors: Sun Bing , Chen Liangyun , Cao Yan
Published: January 2021

We study Hom-actions, semidirect product and describe the relation between semi-direct product extensions and split extensions of Hom-preLie algebras. We obtain the functorial properties of the universal \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-central extensions of \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-perfect Hom-preLie algebras. We give that a derivation or an automorphism can be lifted in an \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-cover with certain constraints. We provide some necessary and sufficient conditions about the universal \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-central extension of the semi-direct product of two \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-perfect Hom-preLie algebras.
$ C^* $-algebras associated with asymptotic equivalence relations defined by hyperbolic toral automorphisms
Authors: Matsumoto Kengo
Published: January 2021

We study the $ C^* $-algebras of the étale groupoids defined by the asymptotic equivalence relations for hyperbolic automorphisms on the two-dimensional torus. The algebras are proved to be isomorphic to four-dimensional non-commutative tori by an explicit numerical computation. The ranges of the unique tracial states of its $ K_0 $-groups of the $ C^* $-algebras are described in terms of the hyperbolic matrices of the automorphisms on the torus.
Ogni cosa al suo posto
Authors: Giorgi Andrea
Published: January 2021

In presenza di nuovi strumenti inventariali, nonché di una diffusa disponibilità delle Soprintendenze archivistiche a mettere a disposizione i dati in loro possesso, anche se non ancora editi on line o a stampa, questo contributo costituisce l’occasione per riprendere il censimento della documentazione criminale avviato da Andrea Zorzi all’inizio degli anni Novanta. È parso inoltre opportuno ripensare alcuni degli interrogativi suggeriti al termine del convegno senese su La documentazione degli organi giudiziari nell’Italia tardo-medievale e moderna, i cui atti sono stati editi nel 2012, per riflettere ulteriormente e chiarire meglio i quesiti posti in merito ad aspetti legati alla produzione e conservazione di documentazione giudiziaria d’ambito criminale, nei suoi rapporti col contestuale sistema documentario notarile d’ambito civile e privato, nonché con le linee di tradizione rappresentate dai sistemi archivistici diffusi in quasi tutti gli Stati italiani a partire dalla prima Età moderna.
Fuori dalla città
Authors: Tanzini Lorenzo
Published: January 2021

Il saggio intende affrontare la documentazione della giustizia criminale in un contesto istituzionalmente non comunale, cioè quello della signoria territoriale nei secoli finali del Medioevo. Il caso di studio è costituito dalle diverse dominazioni signorili dei Conti Guidi tra Valdarno e Casentino, una realtà molto frammentata ma ricca di notai. La ricerca fa emergere le differenti strategie di redazione e conservazione dei documenti giuridiziari: carte sciolte in pergamena, atti registrati nelle imbreviature dei notai a servizio dei signori, libri maleficiorum veri e propri nel caso eccezionale dell’archivio del vicariato di Poppi. Studiando le caratteristiche formali della documentazione superstite il saggio individua alcuni tratti caratteristici della giustizia dei signori in comparazione con la prassi dei tribunali cittadini coevi.
Giudicare la violenza verbale alla fine del Medioevo
Authors: Tardivel Chloé
Published: January 2021

Con lo statuto del 1335, la condanna del reato di verba iniuriosa fra litiganti privati entra ufficialmente nella giurisdizione del podestà di Bologna. Molto concisa, la norma statutaria sull’argomento si affida all’arbitrium del giudice ad malefica per punire le parole ingiuriose, anche se opera dalla metà del Trecento una distinzione delle pene secondo lo statuto sociale delle vittime. Lo scopo dell’articolo è di indagare sulla presenza del reato nei registri penali bolognesi al fine di mostrare la sua realtà linguistica e la sua manifestazione penale fra 1350 e 1390. L’analisi dimostra che la violenza verbale, quale appare nei registri giudiziari, sembra essere un tentativo da parte degli attori sociali di agire sui conflitti in cui sono coinvolti. In tale prospettiva, la violenza verbale «giudiziaria» rivela una finalità strategica e deve essere considerata come un modo di interazione sociale à part entière.
Violenza “femminile” e violenza “maschile” nei Libri Maleficiorum bolognesi del tardo Quattrocento
Authors: Cucini Sara
Published: January 2021

L’analisi dei processi completi conservati tra 1446 e 1512 nella serie documentaria bolognese dei Libri inquisitionum et testium ha permesso di definire alcuni tratti distintivi dei processi con donne perpetratrici o vittime dei crimini oggetto delle azioni giudiziarie. I dati quantitativi derivanti dallo studio del fondo evidenziano una sottorappresentazione dei crimini perpetrati e subiti da donne. Le ragioni di questa sottorappresentazione possono essere attribuite all’organizzazione del sistema giudiziario bolognese, ma anche alla concezione dei ruoli di genere del periodo in questione. Se tale sottorappresentazione limita le informazioni desumibili dalle fonti giudiziarie, tale fonti possano comunque fornire in maniera indiretta dati preziosi per analizzare il contesto sociale e la situazione femminile nel periodo tardo medievale.
Aspettative di genere nei tribunali dell’Italia tardo medievale
Authors: Lansing Carol
Published: January 2021

La documentazione dei tribunali penali è adatta all’analisi storica sul genere. Questo saggio espone due approcci servendosi di documenti medievali provenienti da Bologna e Firenze. Il primo approccio è quello di esaminare in che modo le aspettative di genere possano influenzare l’esperienza sociale. Negli archivi del tribunale penale di Bologna sono conservate sessanta accuse di stupro che coprono un arco di tempo di sei semestri, negli anni Ottanta del Duecento. È un numero sorprendentemente grande. Gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato che le donne e le loro famiglie fossero riluttanti a denunciare lo stupro per via delle connotazioni di genere del disonore, ma questi casi suggeriscono che la decisione fu influenzata anche dalla classe sociale e dalle opportunità: le donne indigenti, in particolare, approfittarono di una procedura giudiziaria poco costosa e accessibile per denunciare lo stupro, forse nella speranza di cacciare un uomo pericoloso dai loro quartieri. Il secondo approccio è quello di esaminare come le aspettative di genere si intreccino con le strutture del potere. Gli argomenti proposti dai trattatisti politici e morali suggeriscono che l’ascesa dei regimi popolari nelle città del XIII secolo fu legata al cambiamento delle aspettative sugli uomini della classe dominante, con enfasi sulla razionalità e sul decoro. Le denunce di nobili a un tribunale fiorentino, nella metà del XIV secolo, indicano che il cambiamento di idee sulla maschilità ebbe un impatto influente, ottenendo consenso anche al di fuori del discorso politico.
Épouse de roturier et veuve d’usurpateur
Authors: Steinberg Sylvie
Published: January 2021

La dérogeance est une forme de déclassement social particulier à la noblesse. Au XVIIe siècle, sa définition juridique s’est peu à peu précisée alors que les autorités royales s’efforçaient, pour des raisons idéologiques et fiscales, de circonscrire plus strictement les contours du groupe nobiliaire et d’en extirper les « faux nobles ». La dérogeance au féminin a aussi retenu l’attention des juristes du XVIIe siècle à travers la résolution de toute une série de questions : comment qualifier la mésalliance d’une femme noble avec un roturier ? Celle-ci est-elle plus ou moins assimilable à une dérogeance ? Cette mésalliance est-elle définitive ou provisoire ? Que se passe-t-il quand la mort vient rompre la vie conjugale ? C’est à partir d’affaires contentieuses, cas de veuves de roturiers voulant recouvrir la noblesse, cas de veuves d’usurpateurs refusant de payer les taxes imposées aux faussaires que ces juristes raisonnaient. Ce sont leurs arguments qui sont exposés dans cet article, en même temps que la gamme des raisons, pragmatiques, sociales et idéologiques évoquées par les plaignantes et requérantes.
Les ducs et pairs sous Louis XIV : montrer sa puissance ou craindre de déchoir ?
Authors: Cosandey Fanny
Published: January 2021

L’ordre décidé par Louis XIV à l’entrée solennelle de 1660 place les ducs et pairs derrière les princes étrangers. Cette disposition, jugée comme une atteinte à la première dignité du royaume, entraine les pairs dans une contestation collective qui tourne rapidement au bras de fer avec la monarchie. S’il s’agit, dans un premier temps, de négocier avec le roi pour obtenir la reconnaissance de leur prééminence, il est rapidement question de renoncer à la cérémonie pour que soient préservés les droits de ces grands nobles. L’événement montre alors comment se construit l’opposition corporative, en une opération de valorisation de la dignité qui mêle aussi les intérêts du royaume, mais derrière se profilent des jeux de pouvoir susceptibles de renforcer ou de fragiliser le groupe social, selon la réponse apportée par la monarchie et la capacité des corps à y faire face. C’est ainsi tout le problème du maintien des privilèges et des positions de dominations face à la volonté royale d’affirmer sa toute-puissance, c’est à dire sa capacité à ordonner, qui est ici abordé.
La Cancelleria ducale a Venezia
Authors: Galtarossa Massimo
Published: January 2021

Nella Repubblica di Venezia la Cancelleria ducale fu un’istituzione burocratica destinata a svolgere funzioni delicatissime di “sottogoverno” come: legalizzare i decreti, custodire i segreti di Stato o mantenere i rapporti diplomatici. Il declassamento sociale non passava per il tradimento perché raramente l’infedeltà poteva compromettere le sorti di una famiglia di Cancelleria. Eppure negli anni ottanta del Cinquecento le suppliche per richieste di grazie, autentici freni privilegiati alla perdita di status, ci raccontano storie d’indebitamento per le spese diplomatiche, di doti da pagare o di malattie. Nel secondo Seicento l’apertura del libro d’oro del patriziato veneziano portò alcune famiglie di Cancelleria ad aggregarsi alla nobiltà. Tuttavia in questo modo questi segretari ducali persero la loro identità di ceto e misero a dura prova le loro economie famigliari. Nell’ultimo secolo della Repubblica è il loro ruolo professionale ad essere difeso di fronte al rischio di perdita del monopolio del lavoro cancelleresco. La fine dell’ordine dei segretari avvenne tardi, nel primo Ottocento, anche per la capacità di queste famiglie, appartenenti allo strato intermedio della società veneziana, di riproporsi come funzionari nelle nuove amministrazioni.
Les tromperies de la pauvreté honteuse dans l'Italie et la France d'Ancien Régime
Authors: Ricci Giovanni
Published: January 2021

L'excès d'ordre visible peut engendrer d'invisibles désordres. À la différence de ce qu'en pensait le juriste Pierre Grégoire (« celui qui est gêné de mendier ne vit pas de tromperies comme les mendiants valides »), légions sont les duperies et méprises produites par le droit octroyé aux pauvres honteux de simuler légitimement. Inévitable que la littérature s’appropriât de situations si pétries de théâtralité, dans des textes sis à mi-chemin entre le divertissement et la dénonciation sociale. Face à une idéologie qui faisait du travail une condition infamante, il était plus facile pour les nobles pauvres d’avoir recours à des raccourcis. En plus, pour les femmes (et parfois pour les jeunes-hommes) le spectre de la prostitution secrète était toujours présent : un déshonneur sexuel pour cacher un déshonneur social ; une synthèse sur-le-champ des tensions sous-jacentes aux tromperies de la pauvreté honteuse.
La faillite marchande, désincorporation et langage du crédit sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Marraud Mathieu
Published: January 2021

Littéralement, sous l’Ancien Régime, la faillite n’est autre qu’une situation marchande. Elle demande en cela une qualification sociale des gestes et des protagonistes, et demande une résolution au sein de ce même espace dit « marchand », lequel, bien que soumis à la législation royale, reste à bien des égards coutumier. C’est pourquoi les acteurs aptes à se prononcer sur la faillite et sur les parcours commerciaux proviennent de cet espace (corporations, juridictions consulaires), en concurrence avec d’autres (tribunaux ordinaires, Conseil du roi). Ensemble ils font de la faillite un enjeu à la fois social et politique dans la ville, où le problème de sa pénalisation ne peut que recouper des pratiques et des critères issus en grande partie de l’univers traditionnel bourgeois. Le déclassement des faillis, leur désincorporation, en est le signe principal.
Riflessioni sulla relazione tra procedure fallimentari e declassamento sociale in età moderna (con note a margine sul caso veneziano)
Authors: Cecchini Isabella
Published: January 2021

Come prassi riservata agli operatori del mondo mercantile, la procedura fallimentare presentava numerose eccezioni ai principi del diritto civile di origine romana, una sorta di mondo giuridico a sé stante che veniva abitualmente integrato dall’uso dell’arbitrato per rendere più veloci gli sviluppi dei processi. La legislazione fallimentare tendeva a stendere reti di protezione per coloro che si trovavano falliti loro malgrado, a causa delle avverse condizioni congiunturali o per la conseguenza di un comportamento fraudolento altrui; riservava tuttavia pene severe a coloro che attraverso la procedura di fallimento cercavano di ottenere profitti illeciti, spesso dichiarando il proprio dolo con la fuga (falliti fuggitivi). Per entrambe le situazioni, la prospettiva del fallimento coincideva con una perdita dei mezzi di sostentamento, temporanea o duratura, e dunque con l’impossibilità di continuare a presentarsi nel contesto sociale di riferimento: definiva in altri termini un ‘prima’ e un ‘dopo’ estremamente diversi. La nuova condizione di emergenza scatenava effetti a catena: richieste di aiuto e sostentamento, appelli alle autorità, rifugio presso le istituzioni di soccorso, talvolta anche smembramento familiare. Le conseguenze di un fallimento dal punto di vista dell’appartenenza sociale, e della rappresentazione di sé e della propria famiglia, erano in genere assai gravi, e tuttavia risultano molto difficili da ricostruire: i falliti spariscono dai documenti, riemergendo flebilmente nelle suppliche rivolte al governo da parte dei familiari. Tuttavia erano i fuggitivi a essere percepiti come corpi anomali all’interno della comunità mercantile, in quanto disgregatori della buona fama della mercanzia e della reputazione di una piazza.
Dinamiche di declassamento e opportunità di riqualificazione in tempi di crisi
Authors: Burstin Haim
Published: January 2021

Se i processi di declassamento nelle società di antico regime, sono spesso il prodotto di dinamiche lente e progressive, i fenomeni di crisi economica e sociale o politica, sono fattori che contribuiscono a una rapida alterazione di questo ritmo; alcuni processi già in lenta incubazione conoscono una brusca accelerazione, mentre altri si formano a caldo e si sviluppano secondo una logica nuova. Parallelamente sono questi anche i tempi in cui si aprono delle inattese opportunità di riqualificazione a beneficio di strati precedentemente sottoposti a un processo di declassamento e che ora possono aspirare a posti nella società o nello Stato che erano stati precedentemente loro preclusi. Da questo punto di vista le rivoluzioni sono laboratori di straordinario interesse in cui è possibile studiare come dinamiche di declassamento e di riqualificazione si accavallano in modo spesso complesso e disordinato, ma non per questo meno esplicito. Le carte si rimescolano e i giochi si riaprono, prefigurando nuove dinamiche di riorganizzazione della vita sociale. La Rivoluzione francese non fa difetto a questa caratteristica e Parigi in particolare ci offre un campo di osservazione fin troppo vasto: un grande caleidoscopio in cui la mobilità sociale si riattiva nei sensi più diversi e secondo logiche inedite.
Restare nobili perdendo la nobiltà
Authors: Aglietti Marcella
Published: January 2021

Il saggio prende in esame gli effetti della legge per regolamento della nobiltà nel granducato di Toscana, introdotta nel 1750, sulle dinamiche di decadenza dalla condizione nobiliare. L’esame della documentazione prodotta nel corso di un secolo al fine di consentire, o respingere, l’iscrizione al ceto, rivela che il temuto declassamento, inteso come la perdita della nobiltà conseguente a un mancato riconoscimento, interessò una esigua minoranza di casi. L’atteggiamento prevalente da parte delle autorità granducali fu piuttosto di concedere deroghe e sanatorie al fine di consentire a quanti fossero privi di sufficienti giustificazioni di provvedere con integrazioni, modifiche o, nella peggiore delle ipotesi, ricorrendo alla grazia derogatoria del granduca.
Spine radiograph in dysplasias: A pictorial essay
Authors: Gabra Pavan , Jana Manisha , Naranje Priyanka , Gupta Neerja , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Arun K , Yadav Richa
Published: January 2021

Spine radiograph is an essential component of a skeletal survey. It provides important diagnostic clues to various types of skeletal dysplasia. In some conditions, a spine radiograph alone may be diagnostic and characteristic; but mostly, it yields more value as a part of the complete skeletal survey. In this article we will discuss about a few common lethal and non-lethal skeletal dysplasias and their characteristic imaging findings; primarily focusing on the spine radiograph.
Can strain elastography be used in reclassification of indeterminate breast lesions in BIRADS lexicon?: A prospective study
Authors: Sinha Dimpi , Kundaragi Nischal G , Sharma Sukrity , Kale Sudhir K
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the role of strain elastography (SE) in reclassification of indeterminate breast lesions placed under BIRADS 3 and 4 categories by conventional ultrasound (US) parameters so as to recourse biopsy only for suspicious stiffer lesions. Methods: 113 breast lesions in 100 women assigned as BIRADS category 3 and 4 on US parameters were prospectively evaluated by SE followed by histo-pathological examination. Strain ratio (SR) and Elastography Score (ES) were determined for each lesion. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each modality and diagnostic performance were compared. The best cut-off point was calculated for each of the elastography parameter using the receiver operator curve analysis (ROC). Results: Out of the 113 lesions, 40 were malignant (35.4’) and 73 were benign (64.6’). A statistically significant difference was observed in the AUC for ES and conventional US: 0.98 vs 0.90 (Difference = 0.08, P = 0.02). Elastography parameters were more specific as compared to US (ES-94.5 & SR-93.2’ vs 63’, P < 0.05) with high NPV. SE performed better in BIRADS 4 category lesions. On the basis of elastography parameters, 85’ of BIRADS 4 category lesions were correctly predicted as benign with overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of elastography being 97’, 84.6’ and 91.9’. Among BIRADS 3 category lesions, 97’ were correctly predicted as benign and 50’ lesions were correctly predicted as malignant with a sensitivity of 50’, specificity of 97.8’ and diagnostic accuracy of 94’. Conclusion: Strain elastography is a useful adjunct to conventional ultrasonography for the assessment of indeterminate breast lesions and may help in avoiding unnecessary follow ups and biopsies. Elastography score is a better parameter as compared to strain ratio.
Energy Efficiency of Vehicles
Authors: Carroll Doug
Published: January 2021

Energy Efficiency of Vehicles educates readers about energy and the environment and the relationship between the energy we use and the environment. The world is at a point in time when people need to make very important decisions about energy in the next few decades. This book enables readers to utilize our scientific knowledge to make good rational decisions. Energy Efficiency of Vehicles provides information on: Calculations related to energy, power, and efficiency, and the impact of using different types of energy on the environment. Environmental consequences of consuming energy. Models related to impact of city driving on the energy efficiency and fuel economy of cars and trucks.
Automated Procedure Logs for Cardiology Fellows: A New Training Paradigm in the Era of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Anyanwu Emeka C. , Mor-Avi Victor , Ward R. Parker
Published: January 2021

Background

Procedural experience for residents and fellows is critical for achieving competence, and documentation of procedures performed is required. Procedure logs serve as the record of this experience, but are commonly generated manually, require substantial administrative effort, and cannot be corroborated for accuracy.

Objective

We developed and implemented a structured clinical-educational report template (CERT), which automatically generates procedure logs directly from the clinical record.

Methods

Our CERT aimed to replace the post-procedure note template for our cardiac catheterization laboratory and was incorporated into the electronic health record system. Numbers of documented procedures in automated CERT-derived procedure logs over a 1-year post-intervention period (2018–2019) were compared to manual logs and corrected for clinical volume changes. The CERT's impact on fellowship experience was also assessed.

Results

Automated CERT procedure logs increased weekly procedural documentation over manual procedure logs for total procedures (24.2 ± 6.1 vs 17.1 ± 6.8, P = .007), left heart catheterizations (14.5 ± 3.6 vs 10.8 ± 4.2, P = .039), total procedural elements (40.2 ± 11.4 versus 20.9 ± 12.5, P < .001), and captured procedural details not previously documented. The CERT also reduced self-reported administrative time and improved fellowship experience.

Conclusions

A novel CERT allows procedure logs to be automatically derived from the clinical record and increased the number of documented procedures, compared to manual logging. This innovation ensures an accurate record of procedural experience and reduces self-reported non-educational administrative time for cardiology fellows.
NGHIÊN CỨU MỨC ĐỘ TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC NHÂN TỐ ĐẾN VIỆC TỔ CHỨC KẾ TOÁN MÔI TRƯỜNG TRONG CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP DỆT MAY TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: TÀI NGUYỄN THÀNH
Published: January 2021

Trong bài viết này tác giả nghiên các nhân tố tác động, và mức độ tác động của các nhân tố đến việc tổ chức kế toán môi trường (KTMT) trong các doanh nghiệp dệt may (DNDM) tại Tp.HCM. Tác giả sử dụng mô hình hồi qui đa biến sau khi tiến hành kiểm định thang đo Cronbach Alpha và phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA). Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra, có 6 nhân tố là qui mô doanh nghiệp (DN), các bên liên quan, nguồn lực tài chính, trình độ nhân viên, các qui định, nhận thức của lãnh đạo về môi trường và kế toán môi trường có quan hệ thuận chiều đến việc tổ chức kế toán môi trường trong các doanh nghiệp dệt may tại Tp.HCM, phù hợp với mô hình dự kiến ban đầu.
Bearings-only multitarget tracking based onRao-Blackwellized particle CPHD filter
Authors: Zhang Jungen
Published: January 2021

Following Mahler’s framework forinformation fusion, this paper develops a implementationof cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD)filter for bearings-only multitarget tracking.Rao-Blackwellized method is introduced in the CPHDfiltering framework for mixed linear/nonlinear state spacemodels. The sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method is usedto predict and estimate the nonlinear state of targets.Kalman filter (KF) is adopted to estimate the linear stateswith the information embedded in the estimated nonlinearstates. The multitarget state estimates are extracted byutilizing the kernel density estimation (KDE) theory andmean-shift algorithm to enhance tracking performance.Moreover, the computational load of the filter is analyzedby introducing equivalent flop measure. Finally, theperformance of the proposed Rao-Blackwellized particleCPHD filter is evaluated through a challengingbearings-only multitarget tracking simulation experiment.
The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Neonatal Hypothermia within Six Hours of Birth among Newborns in Pokhara
Authors: Adhikari Rita , Regmi Radhika , Subedi Babita
Published: January 2021

Background: Hypothermia is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Persistent hypothermia leads to cold injury that results edema, scleroderma, pulmonary hemorrhage, jaundice and death. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal hypothermia among newborns within six hours of Birth in Pokhara. Methods: The institutional based quantitative descriptive cross sectional study was done among 402 systematic randomly selected respondents by using structured format and digital thermometer MT 100 after taking ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council and Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done for the variables (p<0.25) in bivariate analysis. The variables (p< 0.05) with Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) at 95% CI in the multivariate logistic regression was considered as independent associated variables. Results: The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in the study area was about 43 percent. The significant independent factors of neonatal hypothermia were maternal age after 35 years (p=0.03, AOR: 4.087, 95% CI: 1.12-14.97), inadequate antenatal care (p=0.03, AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.94), low birth weight (p=0.00, AOR: 0.433, 95% CI: 0.24- 0.77) and resuscitated babies at birth (p =0.00, AOR: 3.808)95% CI: 1.69- 4.65). Conclusion: Out of 10 births, four babies were hypothermic in study site. Mother’s age more than 35 years, inadequate antenatal care, low birth weight and resuscitation at birth were associated factors of Neonatal hypothermia. So, special care is necessary for low birth weight babies and during resuscitation.
Konsentrasi penggunaan tepung umbi uwi (dioscorea spp.) Sebagai prebiotik terhadap kualitas kimia dan kualitas mikrobiologi salami daging ayam pedaging
Authors: Triasih Dyah , Linata Y. O. , Hilmi M. , Prastujati A. U. , Ton S.
Published: January 2021

Abstrak

Objectif. Salami adalah salah satu produk asal daging yang dibuat dengan penambahan kultur bakteri yang kemudian difermentasi selama ±48 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kosentrasi penggunaan  tepung umbi uwi (Dioscorea spp.) sebagai prebiotik terhadap kualitas kimia dan kualitas mikrobiologi yang meliputi uji kadar pati, uji pH, uji TAT, dan uji BAL salami daging ayam broiler.

Materi dan Metode. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ayam broiler yang ditambahkan tepung uwi dengan kosentrasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan pola searah yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu dengan konsentasi 0%, 5%, 15%, dan 25%, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 12 kali ulangan atau 12 unit percobaan.

Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi 5% (P1) sampai 25% (P3) mampu meningkatkan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat sebesar 6,58% sampai 6,94% log CFU/g serta dapat meningkatkan nilai TAT. Penambahan tepung umbi uwi dengan konsentrasi 5% (P1) sampai 25% (P3) juga dapat menurunkan kadar pati dan pH dari salami.

Kesimpulan. Kesimpulannya penambahan tepung uwi dengan kosentrasi yang berbeda mampu mempengaruhi kualitas salami daging ayam broiler.

Conclusion. The conclusion is the addition of uwi flour with different concentrations can affect the quality of broiler chicken salami.

Abstrack

Objectif. Salami is one of the meat products made with the addition of bacterial culture, fermenting for ± 48 hours. This study aims to determine the concentration of the use of Uwi tuber flour (Dioscorea spp.) As a prebiotic on chemical quality and microbiological quality, which includes starch test, pH test, TAT test, and BAL test for broiler chicken salami. Material and Methods. The material used in this research is broiler chicken, which added with uwi flour with different concentrations. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with a unidirectional pattern consisting of 4 treatments, with a concentration of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 25%. Each treatment consists of 3 replications so that 12 replicas or 12 units of trials obtained. Results. The results showed a concentration of 5% (P1) to 25% (P3) could increase the viability of lactic acid bacteria by 6.58% to 6.94% log CFU / g and could increase the TAT value. The addition of Uwi bulbs with a 5% (P1) to 25% (P3) can also reduce starch levels and pH from salami. Conclusion. The conclusion is the addition of uwi flour with different concentrations can affect the quality of broiler chicken salami.
DAMPAK PANDEMI VIRUS COVID-19 TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PENGGUNAAN E - LEARNING OLEH MAHASISWA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: SUDRARTONO TIRIS
Published: January 2021

Pandemi Virus Covid-19 merupakan wabah penyakit berupa virus yang awalnya berasal dari kota Wuhan negara Tiongkok, Dengan adanya pandemi Virus Covid -19 tersebut berpenagruh terhadap pendidikan tinggi. Mengikuti Himbawan pemerintah untuk mengurangi mobilitas orang dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Menegaskan belajar dari rumah, dan beribadah di rumah. Disisi lain demi tetep menjaga pendidikan biasa tetap berjalan dengan baik serta mendukung pemerintahan dalam mendukung Psysical distanting karena adanya Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) sehinnga tidak dapat dilakukan pembelajaran tatap muka dalam waktu tertentu,maka pelu diadakan penelitian untuk menentukan model pembelajaran online yang bermanfaat dan  sesuai bagi para mahasiswa. elearning merupakan model pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan fasilitas teknologi informasi dan komunikasi  dan pembelajaran jarak jauh dilakukan dengan pembelajaran teknologi informasi dengan penggunaan perangkat elektronik yaitu laptop,computer maupun gadget. Teknologi di lingkungan kampus Berdasarkan alasan tersebut tindakan mengamatan dalam peneletian yang dilakukan pengunaan elearning oleh mahasiswa di politeknik piksi ganesha

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pandemi Virus Covid-19 dalam memutusakan pembelajaran online (e-learning) dengan cara menyebarkan kuisioner kepada responden terpilih dan menilai hasil dampaknya melalui metode persentase jawaban responden dan olah data statistik dengan alat bantu SPSS V25.

Sebanyak 75.6 % responden menyatakan mengetahui tentang Pandemi Virus Covid-19 dan sebanyak 81.8 % responden memutusakan pemebelajaran secara online menggunakan aplikasi E-Learning yang serta diketahui dampak Virus Covid-19 terhadap keputusan penggunaan E-Learning sebesar 79,3 % dansebesar 20.7 % dipenagruhi faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh penulis.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disampaikan bahwa mahasiswa lebih memilih pemebelajaran secara online dengan menggunkan aplikasi pembelajaran E-Learning yang memilki pasilitas lebih lengkap dan akses ID  yang diperoleh mahasiswa mudah digunakan melalui E-Learning Indonesia Net
Towards Teaching and Assessing Future Tourism Specialists Communicative Competence
Authors: Ameng Yang Rui Ameng
Published: January 2021

The integration of the content of general education for a higher education course was reflected in the development of a program of the elective course "English for special purposes (for future tourism professionals)" in a foreign language at the Khoja Ahmed Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University. Course indicates the requirements for the quality of preparation of a university student. The structure of the program includes: an explanatory note, the main content, syllabus, the curriculum where the requirements for the level of foreign language proficiency are presented - the presence of communicative competence in the professional field, a list of intermediate control questions, a map of the educational and methodological support of the course, a methodical guide for conducting seminars and SIW and information about equipping classrooms for this elective course. As a result, communicative competence has been formed, which allows to obtain general professional and highly professional knowledge and skills. General professional knowledge and ability include knowledge of the rules and social norms of behavior of native speakers, knowledge of traditions, history, culture, the social system of the countries of the studied language, communicative knowledge, disclosure of the content of communication; ability to start a conversation, translate the correction from the conversation; the ability to select and differentiate the necessary sociocultural material, the ability to correctly interpret verbal and non-verbal behavior based on sociocultural knowledge, the ability to conduct conversation, dialogue, discussion, negotiations, the ability to draw up official documents. Highly specialized knowledge and skills - knowledge of specialized modern terminology, the ability to widely use it in the fields of tourism, hospitality, pedagogy, psychology and finance (Rizakhojayeva G. A. et al., 2017).
ANALYSIS OF USE OF AGRO-CHEMICALS AMONG VEGETABLE FARMERS IN MAIDUGURI AND ITS ENVIRONS, NIGERIA
Authors: Mustapha SB
Published: January 2021

The study analysed the use of agro-chemicals among vegetable farmers in Maiduguri and its environs in Nigeria. Primary data were mainly used for the study. Multi - stage sampling techniques was employed to select 160 vegetable farmers for this study. Both descriptive (frequency distribution, percentages and mean scores) and inferential (regression analysis) statistics were used to analyze the data. The studies revealed that majority (77.50%) of the respondents were male and married (85.63%). The results indicated that majority (70.0%) of the respondents had 7 and above years of formal education. On the vegetable farmer’s sources of information on agro-chemical usage, the study revealed that most (50%) of the respondents got information on agrochemicals from other farmers, followed by stockists with 20%. Most (36.80%) of the respondents showed that they make use of herbicides than other forms of agro-chemicals. The farm size (ha) and income of the respondents has a positive and significant coefficient with p values of 0.000 at 1% level each. The major constraints considered as severe on the use of agro-chemicals among the respondents were high cost of supplies (mean score = 2.16), irregular supplies and insufficient farm incomes (mean score = 2.10) each which were ranked 1st and 2nd respectively. The study recommended those agricultural extension organizations and other stakeholders such as the Ministry of agriculture to carry out improved mobilization and sensitization campaigns to educate farmers on proper and efficient use of agro-chemicals with a view to improving productivity as well as prevent adverse environmental and human health effects.
EFECTOS DEL CONFINAMIENTO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS: UN ANÁLISIS BASADO EN DIFERENCIAS DE GÉNERO
Authors: Giraldo Giraldo Viviana Andrea
Published: January 2021

El confinamiento por COVID-19 impacta en los procesos relacionales del grupo familiar, la economía y el estado emocional de las personas. Sumado a lo anterior, la información de los medios masivos sobre la pandemia puede afectar directamente el estado anímico en los diferentes grupos etarios. Tiene como objetivo analizar la relación existente entre los cambios emocionales que surgen en estudiantes universitarios y los factores asociados a la pandemia por COVID-19 (medios de comunicación, economía, educación y familia). Se empleó el método de investigación empírico analítico, un muestreo probabilístico y una muestra de 826 estudiantes universitarios colombianos. Se aplicó una encuesta en línea con preguntas tipo Likert (1-5) que buscaban conocer la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la pandemia. Finalmente, se desarrollaron dos modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para realizar un análisis comparativo por género. Para el género masculino, la variable latente que tiene un mayor grado de relación con los cambios emocionales es la economía (σCE_EC=0.75), en el género femenino es la familia (σCE_FA=0.88). Se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los dos géneros estudiados. La economía (pérdida del empleo, disminución de ingresos, entre otros.) es lo que más afecta a los hombres, por su parte, la familia (distanciamiento, violencia intrafamiliar, hacinamiento, entre otros.) es lo que más impacta a las mujeres.
Influencia de la lógica en el derecho
Authors: Castro Alcívar Yessly
Published: January 2021

La consistencia entre la lógica y el derecho, siempre ha sido motivo de argumentación científico, por tanto, a partir de estas diversas vertientes del pensamiento, el presente artículo pretende analizar la influencia de la lógica en la aplicación de las ciencias jurídicas, precisando los alcances de la misma y especificando la intervención de la lógica como ciencia dentro de las decisiones judiciales y argumentos de los profesionales del Derecho. Este análisis es de carácter bibliográfico-descriptivo desde el contexto histórico. Para ello, se realizó la revisión, interpretación y comparación de definiciones, publicaciones y posturas de diversos autores para la formulación de nuevos conceptos y la postulación de argumentos mejorados. Se concluye que la lógica y el derecho han sido complementarias desde siempre, ya que son los principios lógicos los que han permitido la elaboración de argumentos racionales y coherentes a los abogados y, a su vez han dotado de las habilidades necesarias a los magistrados para interpretar correctamente lo que dicen las leyes y su coherente aplicación; sin embargo, la debilidad de este proceso aparece cuando los implicados dejan de lado la objetividad y dispersan su atención hacia la búsqueda de sus propios intereses.