bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steer clear of legal, PR damage triggered by fan behavior, public comments
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: January 2019

It's been a common occurrence for a very long time — the confrontations that too frequently occur at the end of a hotly contested athletics competition. One or more fans taunt a player, coach, staff member, or administrator, which often incites an emotional response in the heat of the moment. Frustration, disappointment, and anger about the outcome of the competition and the nature of the insult inevitably fuel an acidic and pointed retort.
Learn how promoting a culture of proper sleep health can boost academic, athletic success for student‐athletes
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2019

When student‐athletes tell coaches or athletics staff they're tired, they're likely to encounter the brushoff, with responses like “I'm tired, too. We're all tired. Now let's get going.”
Did college radio station violate coach's contract?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: January 2019

The plaintiff became the head women's basketball coach and assistant athletic director at Northland College in 2009. Four years later, Northland investigated a Title IX complaint alleging that the plaintiff had made inappropriate comments to females, and decided it wasn't credible. In the fall, the plaintiff became Northland's full‐time AD.
Apply the team approach to your leadership roles
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2019

As Carolyn Schlie Femovich looks back over the four decades she's dedicated to working in college athletics at the campus and conference office levels, she's reminded that the journey of life involves a series of transitions from one phase to another. Her most recent transition began in 2015 when she retired after 16 years as executive director of the Patriot League, and then joined The PICTOR Group, an intercollegiate athletics consulting firm, in 2016.
Biomimetic Carbohydrate‐Binding Agents (CBAs): Binding Affinities and Biological Activities
Authors: Francesconi Oscar , Roelens Stefano
Published: January 2019

Mimicking nature in carbohydrate recognition—that is, by using noncovalent interactions exclusively—is a hot topic that has attracted the interest of many scientists in the last 30 years. Carbohydrates are challenging ligands of high biological relevance, playing central roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Carbohydrate‐binding agents (CBAs) of proteic nature, such as lectins, have been extensively used in glycobiology to target carbohydrates, but intrinsic drawbacks conferred on them by their proteic nature limit their therapeutic development. Biomimetic CBAs, artificial small molecules designed for molecular recognition of carbohydrates through noncovalent interactions, have been shown to be effective alternatives in recognising carbohydrates in physiological media, opening the way to biological applications. Herein, we describe the recent achievements in this continually developing field, focusing on those biomimetic CBAs for which biological investigations have been carried out.
Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction
Authors: Donaubauer Philipp J. , Cardella Umberto , Decker Lutz , Klein Harald
Published: January 2019

A major challenge for hydrogen liquefaction is the required catalytic ortho‐para hydrogen conversion. Efficient liquefaction plants use catalyst‐filled plate‐fin heat exchangers for the conversion. Kinetics of the allotropic reaction are determined using raw literature data on common first‐order and a Langmuir‐Hinshelwood kinetics, including temperature and molar concentration dependencies. Evaluation and comparison of the obtained kinetics results in the first‐order approach as the most stable model. A one‐dimensional continuum reactor model of the counterflow‐cooled, catalyst‐filled plate‐fin heat exchanger is developed and tested combining correlations for heat, mass, and momentum transfer as well as a state‐of‐the‐art equation‐of‐state.
Modular‐Based Simulation of Single Process Units
Authors: Dosta Maksym
Published: January 2019

A novel simulation strategy for the modular‐based calculation of models describing single unit operations is proposed. It is based on the functional decomposition of the model with further application of the waveform relaxation approach for data exchange and convergence analysis. Compared to convenient simultaneous calculation of units, the proposed approach leads to higher flexibility during model creation and allow simultaneous usage of several solvers and simulation methods. To illustrate the usability of the developed strategy and analyze its efficiency it has been applied for modeling of a fluidized‐bed spray granulator. Based on the functional decomposition, the granulator model has been decomposed into six separate submodels connected with information streams for data exchange.
Enhanced Light‐Driven Hydrogen‐Production Activity Induced by Accelerated Interfacial Charge Transfer in Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers/TiO2 Hybrid
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Xuepeng , Dong Wenbo , Zhang Xiaohu , Rao Li , Chen Hao , Huang Dekang , Xiang Yonggang
Published: January 2019

Donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers have proved to be desired candidates to couple with inorganic semiconductors for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Herein, the matched energy levels between polymer BFB and TiO2 make them form BFB‐TiO2 composites with moderate photocatalytic H2 evolution rate (HER). To further enhance the interfacial interaction, BFB was modified with a carboxylic acid end group, which reacted with surface OH of TiO2 to form an ester bond. As a result, the functionalized BFBA‐TiO2 composites exhibited superior photocatalytic activity. Especially, HER of 4 % BFBA‐TiO2 can reach up to 228.2 μmol h−1 under visible light irradiation (λ>420 nm), which is about 2.02 times higher than that of BFB‐TiO2. The enhanced photocatalytic activity originated from the formed ester bond between polymer and TiO2, and photogenerated electrons injection from lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the exited polymer to conduction band of TiO2 were accelerated. Therefore, based on an intermolecular interaction mechanism, more suitable D–A conjugated polymers with anchoring groups could be designed to couple with other semiconductors for enhancing photocatalytic activity.
Protein fractionation of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds and functionalization with magnetic particles for the treatment of reactive black 5 solution
Authors: Reck Isabela Maria , Baptista Aline Takaoka Alves , Paixão Rebecca Manesco , Bergamasco Rosângela , Vieira Marcelo Fernandes , Vieira Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo
Published: January 2019

Industrial effluents are sewage from industrial processes, such as polluted cooling waters and waters used for cleaning. It is extremely important that these contaminated waters undergo treatment to allow for water reuse or safe disposal, without damage to the environment. In the present work, the efficacy of coagulating/flocculating aqueous solutions containing reactive black 5 (RB5) dye was evaluated using protein fractions derived from Moringa oleifera seeds (albumin and globulin) as natural coagulants functionalized with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The application of a magnetic field during sedimentation allowed for faster settlement of the dye particles and their separation. Variations in parameters such as the protein concentration, nanoparticle concentration, solution pH, dye concentration, and the presence or absence of an alkalizing agent were assessed. Moreover, the sedimentation time was analyzed with and without the magnetic field and with the reuse of iron oxide nanoparticles. The functionalized magnetic coagulants were able to remove more than 90 % of RB5 dye within 5 min of sedimentation.
Outcome after surgical treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Is clinical follow‐up always indicated?
Authors: Huis in ‘t Veld Eva A. , van Coevorden Frits , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Smith Myles J. , van Akkooi Alexander C. J. , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Hayes Andrew J. , Verhoef Cornelis , Strauss Dirk C. , van Houdt Winan J.
Published: January 2019

Background

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma for which clinical examination up to 10 years is recommended. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors for recurrences and metastases that can be used to evaluate the validity of follow‐up schedules after treatment for DFSP.

Methods

Patients with DFSP who received treatment between 1991 and 2016 at 3 tertiary centers were included. Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify variables associated with the primary endpoints.

Results

In total 357 patients were included, with a median age of 38 years (age range, 2‐87 years) and a median follow‐up of 60 months (interquartile range, 24‐115 months). Eighty‐one patients developed recurrent disease (22.7%), and the median time to recurrence was 55.5 months (interquartile range, 20‐90 months). Of these, 50 tumors (61.7%) were identified by patient self‐examination, whereas 3 recurrences (3.7%) were identified at clinical surveillance. For the remaining 28 tumors, no information was available on how the recurrences were identified (34.6%). Fibrosarcomatous change (hazard ratio, 21.865; P < .001), and positive resection margins (hazard ratio, 14.645; P < .001), were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. Metastases occurred in 4 patients (1.1%). All tumors were identified by imaging after patients presented with symptomatic metastases. Fibrosarcomatous change (P < .001) and tumor size >5 cm (P = .014) were associated with the development of metastases.

Conclusions

Disease recurrence after resection of DFSP remains a significant issue, whereas metastases are uncommon. The majority of recurrences are identified by patient self‐examination. Consideration should be given to individualized follow‐up schedules based on risk factors for recurrences and metastases.
Expression of tachykinin3 and related reproductive markers in the brain of the African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Butler Julie M. , Maruska Karen P.
Published: January 2019

Neurokinin B, encoded by the tachykinin3 gene, plays a crucial role in regulating reproduction in mammals via KNDy neurons and interaction with GnRH. Previous work in teleost fishes has focused on hypothalamic tac3 expression for its role in reproduction, but detailed studies on extra‐hypothalamic tac3 expression are limited. Here, we identified two tac3 genes in the social African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, only one of which produces a functional protein containing the signature tachykinin motif. In situ hybridization for tac3a mRNA identified cell populations throughout the brain. Numerous tac3a cells lie in several thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, including periventricular nucleus of posterior tuberculum, lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT), and nucleus of the lateral recess (NRL). Scattered tac3‐expressing cells are also present in telencephalic parts, such as ventral (Vv) and supracomissural (Vs) part of ventral telencephalon. In contrast to other teleosts, tac3 expression was absent from the pituitary. Using double‐fluorescent staining, we localized tac3a‐expressing cells in relation to GnRH and kisspeptin cells. Although no GnRH‐tac3a colabeled cells were observed, dense GnRH fibers surround and potentially synapse with tac3a cells in the preoptic area. Only minimal (<5%) colabeling of tac3a was observed in kiss2 cells. Despite tac3a expression in many nodes of the mesolimbic reward system, it was absent from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐expressing cells, but tac3a cells were located in areas with dense TH fibers. The presence of tac3a‐expressing cells throughout the brain, including in socially relevant brain regions, suggest more diverse functions beyond regulation of reproductive physiology that may be conserved across vertebrates.
Native Chemical Ligation of Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Cistrone Philip A. , Bird Michael J. , Flood Dillon T. , Silvestri Anthony P. , Hintzen Jordi C. J. , Thompson Darren A. , Dawson Philip E.
Published: January 2019

For over 20 years, native chemical ligation (NCL) has played a pivotal role in enabling total synthesis and semisynthesis of increasingly complex peptide and protein targets. Classical NCL proceeds by chemoselective reaction of two unprotected polypeptide chains in near‐neutral‐pH, aqueous solution and is made possible by the presence of a thioester moiety on the C‐terminus of the N‐terminal peptide fragment and a natural cysteine residue on the N‐terminus of the C‐terminal peptide fragment. The reaction yields an amide bond adjacent to cysteine at the ligation site, furnishing a native protein backbone in a traceless manner. This unit highlights a number of recent and powerful advances in the methodology and outlines their particular uses, facilitating application in the synthesis of challenging protein targets. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A−H…σ Hydrogen Bonds: Dihydrogen and Cycloalkanes as Proton Acceptors
Authors: Grabowski Sławomir J.
Published: January 2019

ωB97XD/aug‐cc‐pVTZ calculations were performed for complexes of dihydrogen, cyclopropane, cyclobutane and cyclopentane, with simple proton donating species such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, water, hydrogen cyanide and acetylene. Numerous dependencies between geometrical, energetic and topological parameters of complexes considered were found, since various theoretical approaches were applied: Quantum Theory of ‘Atoms in Molecules’ (QTAIM), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) method and energy decomposition analysis (EDA). It was confirmed that complexes of dihydrogen and cyclopropane are linked through the A−H…σ interactions that may be classified as hydrogen bonds. In the case of complexes of cyclobutane such hydrogen bonds are rather weak. Other type and also weak A−H…C hydrogen bonds are formed for complexes with cyclopentane.
Housing Gnotobiotic Mice in Conventional Animal Facilities
Authors: Lange Máximo E. , Uwiera Richard R. E. , Inglis G. Douglas
Published: January 2019

Gnotobiotic mice are an established, robust model utilized in current research to study host‐microbiota interactions. For years isolators have been used to rear germ‐free and gnotobiotic mice. However, isolators can be costly and the segregation of treatments within the same isolator is problematic. Recently, methodologies for housing germ‐free mice in specially designed individually ventilated cages (IVCs) operated under barrier mode have been developed; however, this equipment is costly and its operation in barrier mode for research involving germ‐free mice and pathogens is not permissible under modern biosafety and biosecurity regulations. This article describes a method to house germ‐free mice in a commonly available conventional IVC system operated under containment mode. This technique allows researchers to maintain the germ‐free or gnotobiotic status of mice tested up to 4 weeks with weekly handling while working with pathogens using each IVC as a separate experimental unit. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
Cytodiagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis in thyroid gland unravelling an asymptomatic hematological malignancy
Authors: Kishore Manjari , Kaushal Manju , Marwah Sadhna , Sharma Megha , Sharma Nishi , Mittal Vishakha
Published: January 2019

Extramedullary hematopoeisis (EMH), also known as myeloid metaplasia can be seen in association with various hematological disorders. The common sites of EMH are liver, spleen and lymph nodes; but it can occur in almost any organ and in numerous locations. Involvement of the thyroid gland with EMH has rarely been reported. We present a case of EMH in the thyroid gland in an adult female diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) which further helped in revealing an underlying myeloproliferative neoplasm; chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Responses of a legume to inbreeding and the intensity of novel and familiar stresses
Authors: Rehling Finn , Matthies Diethart , Sandner Tobias Michael
Published: January 2019

It is often assumed that the negative effects of inbreeding on fitness (inbreeding depression, ID) are particularly strong under stressful conditions. However, ID may be relatively mild under types of stress that plant populations have experienced for a long time, because environment‐specific deleterious alleles may already have been purged. We examined the performance of open‐ and self‐pollinated progeny of the short‐lived calcareous grassland plant Anthyllis vulneraria under three intensities of each of five types of stress. Drought, nutrient deficiency, and defoliation were chosen as stresses typical for the habitat of origin, while shade and waterlogging were expected to be novel, unfamiliar stresses for A. vulneraria. The stresses reduced plant biomass by up to 91%, and the responses of the plants were mostly in line with the functional equilibrium hypothesis. There was significant ID in biomass (δ = 0.17), leaf chlorophyll content, and the number of root nodules of the legume, but the magnitude of ID was independent of the stress treatments. In particular, there was no significant interaction between inbreeding and the intensity of any stress type, and ID was not higher under novel than under familiar stresses. In addition, phenotypic plasticity in biomass allocation, leaf functional traits and in root nodulation of the legume to the various stress treatments was not influenced by inbreeding. Our findings do not support the common hypothesis of stronger ID under stressful environments, not even if the stresses are novel to the plants.
Breeding synchrony and predator specialization: A test of the predator swamping hypothesis in seabirds
Authors: Descamps Sébastien
Published: January 2019

Reproductive synchrony is a widespread phenomenon that is predicted to be adaptive for prey with specialist predators but not for those with generalist ones. I tested this prediction in three polar seabird species characterized by different levels of predator specialization. In the Antarctic petrel, for which the only predator was highly specialized, hatching dates were highly synchronous and chicks that hatched close to the mean hatching date had a higher survival. In black‐legged kittiwakes and Brünnich's guillemots, whose predators were generalists, breeding was less synchronous and there was no fitness advantage in hatching close to the mean. This study emphasizes the potential importance of the relative timing of reproduction for individual fitness and supports the hypothesis that the adaptive value of breeding synchrony depends on the predator functional response.
Host sex, size, and hemoparasite infection influence the effects of ectoparasitic burdens on free‐ranging iguanas
Authors: Knapp Charles R. , Perez‐Heydrich Caro , Zachariah Trevor T. , Jollay Jill , Schnelle Amy N. , Buckner Sandra D. , Lattin Christine R. , Romero L. Michael
Published: January 2019

Investigations focusing on host–ectoparasite interactions in animals have revealed asymptomatic to severe health and fitness consequences suggesting that species mobilize different interspecific response mechanisms. Fewer studies, however, have examined intraspecific responses to ectoparasitic burdens. In this study, we analyzed host health and fitness responses to increasing ectoparasite burdens along with the presence/absence of hemoparasites of free‐ranging insular rock iguanas (Cyclura cychlura) in The Bahamas. Using hematology, plasma biochemistry, as well as body condition and growth rate comparisons, we failed to find significant associations of tick burdens with annual growth rate, corticosterone, packed cell volume, total white blood cell, and heterophil, monocyte, eosinophil or hemoglobin measures. We did, however, find mixed and significant associations of tick burdens with lymphocyte and basophil counts, heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios, and body condition indices. These associations varied by sex, size, and hemoparasite infection status suggesting that different life stages of iguanas may invest differently in immune responses, and impacts may be modulated based on size and sex of hosts, and coinfection status.
High‐resolution characterization of the abiotic environment and disturbance regimes on the Great Barrier Reef, 1985–2017
Authors: Matthews Samuel A. , Mellin Camille , MacNeil Aaron , Heron Scott F. , Skirving William , Puotinen Marji , Devlin Michelle J. , Pratchett Morgan
Published: January 2019

This data compilation synthesizes 36 static environmental and spatial variables, and temporally explicit modeled estimates of three major disturbances to coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR): (1) coral bleaching, (2) tropical cyclones, and (3) outbreaks of the coral‐eating crown‐of‐thorns starfish Acanthaster cf. solaris. Data are provided on a standardized grid (0.01° × 0.01° ~ 1 × 1 km) for reef locations along the GBR, containing 15,928 pixels and excluding the northernmost sections (<12° S) where empirical data were sparse. This compilation provides a consistent and high‐resolution characterization of the abiotic environment and disturbance regimes for GBR reef locations at a fine spatial scale to be used in the development of complex ecosystem models. Static estimates of environmental variables (e.g., depth, bed shear stress, average temperature, temperature variation) originally developed by the Commonwealth of Australia's Environment Research Facility (CERF) Marine Biodiversity Hub were provided by Geoscience Australia. Annual (1985–2017) disturbance estimates were either interpolated from empirical data (A. cf. solaris), predicted from proxy indicators (e.g., degree heating weeks [DHW] as a proxy for bleaching severity), or explicitly modeled (e.g., wave height model for each cyclone). This data set synthesizes some of the most recent advances in remote sensing and modeling of environmental conditions on the GBR; yet it is not exhaustive and we highlight areas that should be expanded through future research. The characterization of abiotic and disturbance regimes presented here represent an essential tool for the development of complex regional scale models of the GBR; preventing redundancy between working groups and promoting collaboration, innovation, and consistency. When using the data set, we kindly request that you cite this article and/or the articles cited in the reference section, recognizing the work that went into compiling the data together and the original authors' willingness to make it publicly available.
Legitimate planning processes or informed decisions? Exploring public officials' rationales for participation in regional green infrastructure planning in Estonia
Authors: Suškevičs Monika
Published: January 2019

Participation can be grounded in democratic ideals (normative rationale), reasons for producing new knowledge (substantive rationale), and arguments for increasing the legitimacy of decision making (instrumental rationale). In practice, rationales for participation often determine the goal of involvement (“why?”), the subjects (“who?”) and objects of inclusion (“what?”), and whole design of decision making (“how?”). This study explores rationales prevalent within the planning of the Estonian ecological network concept—green network. This research relies on a qualitative synthesis of 10 cases of participatory processes at the regional level. A struggle for balance between the substantive and instrumental rationales is documented. This study finds that participatory processes often stalled due to a mismatch between the rationale endorsed by public officials and the expectation towards participation held by the stakeholders. Such contradictions could be addressed if ecological network planning practices would have considered not only “whom” to invite and involve but also “what” to include.
Pyrophosphate Prompted Aggregation‐Induced Emission: Chemosensor Studies, Cell Imaging, Cytotoxicity, and Hydrolysis of the Phosphoester Bond with Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Raj Pushap , Singh Amanpreet , Singh Ajnesh , Singh Ashutosh , Garg Neha , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: January 2019

Two benzimidazole‐based zinc complexes [(Zn)2(L2)2Cl2(DMSO)2] (R1) and [Zn(L2)2(NO3)2(H2O)2] (R2) were synthesized and characterized with various spectroscopic data. The single X‐ray structure determination reveals that complex R1 is dinuclear and tetrahedral in geometry, while complex R2 is mononuclear and octahedral in geometry. Further, both zinc complexes were investigated for pyrophosphate sensing in an aqueous medium. Complex R1 is found to be selective towards pyrophosphate; it leads to 5.5‐fold enhancement in the emission intensity due to aggregation‐induced emission. However, complex R2 has shown binding with all, ATP, AMP, ADP, and pyrophosphate, which is attributed to the chelate effect. Consequently, complex R1 was utilized for the intracellular detection of pyrophosphate in HeLa cells. Furthermore, the PPi based zinc complex R1 is also used as a bio‐analytical tool to construct a real‐time fluorescence assay for the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatases (ALP).
N,N,O Pincer Ligand with a Deprotonatable Site That Promotes Redox‐Leveling, High Mn Oxidation States, and a Mn2O2 Dimer Competent for Catalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Lant Hannah M. C. , Michaelos Thoe K. , Sharninghausen Liam S. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W.
Published: January 2019

The new complex [Mn(bipyalk)(H2O)(µ‐O)]2(OTf)2 {bipyalk = 2‐([2,2′‐bipyridin]‐6‐yl)propan‐2‐olate} catalyzes oxygen evolution with a TOF of 0.0055 s–1 when driven by the sacrificial oxidant KHSO5 in water. It is proposed on the basis of EPR experiments that the catalyst proceeds through a MnV(µ‐O)2MnV=O intermediate supported by the highly donating tertiary alkoxide moiety of the ligand. The Mn(IV,IV) dimer can also be formed electrochemically from its precursor, Mn(bipyalkH)Cl2. A related series of bis‐ligated monomers of the type [Mnn(bipyalkHx)(bipyalkHy)](PF6)2 is also reported, where the dication features MnII, MnIII, and MnIV oxidation states and corresponding protonation states. Electrochemical data on this series underscore the importance of proton loss at the alcohol/alkoxide moiety during oxidation to maintain low overpotentials required for catalysis.
Use data to break down siloes, increase commitment to long‐term goals
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2019

NASHVILLE, Tenn. — In 2015, Stockton University officials decided to pursue a large goal: increase the 8,400 undergraduate students enrolled in fiscal year 2016 to 10,000 students in FY 2021 in order to balance the institutional budget. To reach that goal, as well as make the new campus a thriving, robust arm of the institution, the enrollment management office had to break down siloes between different departments.
Consider whether a price reset would help you meet enrollment goals
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: January 2019

SALT LAKE CITY — “The real cost of going to college is outrageously high,” said Robert Massa, senior vice president for enrollment at Drew University in New Jersey. But most students don't pay the sticker price, and families might not understand that when students start looking for a college.
Motivate students by mapping out a path to transfer, graduation
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2019

“I had a traditional college experience myself, but I just kind of fell into [working with transfer students],” said Craig Howard, associate director of transfer admissions at the University of North Texas. For the last 12 years, Howard has recruited transfer students to various universities, the most recent being UNT. He shared thoughts on how to make your institution stand out in a crowded marketplace, the importance of strong transfer agreements, and traits to look for in students that will help determine if they're a good fit for your campus.
Ductile shear deformation and gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield of the Yunkai Massif, South China Block
Authors: Ni Jinlong , Liu Junlai , Wang Jingcao , Tang Xiaoling , Wang Zhong , Li Zengsheng , Li Dapeng
Published: January 2019

The Hetai goldfield, located at the northern edge of the Yunkai Massif in South China, is a significant gold deposit hosted within the Hetai ductile shear zone (HSZ). The deformation history of HSZ and its correlation with the gold mineralization are problematic. In this study, we conducted detailed field observations and microstructure analyses together with zircon U–Pb and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on mylonitic granites, aiming to study the deformation features and processes of the ductile shear zone (DSZ) along with their further implications to the gold metallogenic mechanisms of the Hetai goldfield (HGF). The HGF and its periphery have undergone three phases of ductile shear event (DS) since the Palaeozoic: The first DS developed from 468 to 413 Ma, with deformation temperatures above 500°C, accompanied by the formation of large‐scale migmatite and magmatism. The second DS developed from 239 to 211 Ma, with deformation temperatures ranging from 400°C to 500°C and resulted in a low‐angle, top‐to‐the‐SE thrusting. The third DS developed from 198 to 162 Ma, with deformation temperatures between 300°C and 400°C and formed steep, dextral strike‐slip shear zones. The DSs in the HGF have close connection with the gold mineralization. The first DS is coeval with the small‐scale gold mineralization or sulfofication and laid the foundation for later large‐scale gold mineralization. The second DS had no obvious gold mineralization, but the DSZ that developed in this period, together with the earlier DSZs, may have provided a migration pathway for the later gold ore‐forming fluid. Occurrence of the third DS was combined with the main gold mineralization, but the large‐scale gold mineralization mainly occurred during 175–157 Ma, that is, the middle and later periods of dextral strike‐slip. Overall, multiphase DS dominated the large‐scale gold mineralization in this area.
Irrigation efficiency and shallow groundwater in anisotropic floodplain soils near Lake Tana, Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Beyene Abebech , Verhoest Niko E.C. , Tilahun Seifu , Alamirew Tena , Adgo Enyew , Nyssen Jan
Published: January 2019

Field experiments were conducted (December 2014 to May 2015) in a small irrigation scheme (60 ha) to study the effect of flood irrigation on anisotropic soils with shallow groundwater in the Lake Tana floodplains of Ethiopia. Irrigation (470 ± 33 mm) was measured using V‐notches; rainfall did not occur, and the groundwater table was monitored daily using piezometers to estimate recharge from irrigated onion fields using the groundwater table fluctuation method. Recharge was influenced by applied irrigation amount, groundwater table depth, seasonal temperature variations, irrigation application efficiency and crop growth stages. The decreased deep percolation during the hottest periods and peak growth stages negatively influenced the reduction in groundwater decline caused by irrigation. The soil anisotropy also played a major role in the recharge amount: despite clay dominance in the topsoils, rapid groundwater table rises (0.02–0.56 m) were due to the presence of granular and blocky structures. Recharge was also influenced by irrigation efficiency, indicating higher recharge during periods of lower efficiency. The seasonal recharge was 34–46% of applied irrigation and there is much room for improving irrigation efficiency which is only 46 (±12) to 51 (±17)%. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile marketing application for entrepreneurship development: Codesign with women entrepreneurs in Iringa, Tanzania
Authors: Kapinga Alsen Florian , Suero Montero Calkin , Mbise Esther Rosinner
Published: January 2019

Mobile marketing apps have been progressively employed as business gadget innovations in developing economies. Research has acknowledged a number of encounters between women entrepreneurs and innovation opportunities. One identified opportunity is the application of technology to enable women entrepreneurs' access to market information with ease. This paper reports the cocreation process of a mobile application contextualized to Tanzanian women entrepreneurs to facilitate access to market information for improving their business performance and livelihood. Our study employs design science research (DSR) strategy for the cocreation and codesign of the mobile application artifact. After evaluating in the wild the mobile application, the women entrepreneurs participating in the study reported that through the codesigned mobile phone app access to market information is facilitated, and their business and the networks could be expanded. The contribution of our paper highlights the benefits of employing codesign and cocreation in combination with DSR to achieve a meaningful and contextualized virtual platform for accessing market information and for business networks expansion through direct contact with target consumers.
Gender difference in hepatic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after subchronic oral exposure in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Chen Zhangjian , Zhou Di , Zhou Shupei , Jia Guang
Published: January 2019

Existing literature pointed out that the liver may be the target organ of toxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) via oral exposure. Gender differences in health effects widely exist and relevant toxicological research is important for safety assessment. To explore the gender susceptibility of TiO2 NP‐induced hepatic toxicity and the underlying mechanism, we examined female and male Sprague‐Dawley rats administrated with TiO2 NPs orally at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight per day for 90 days. The serum biochemical indicators and liver pathological observation were used to assess hepatic toxicity. We found significant hepatic toxicity could be induced by subchronic oral exposure to TiO2 NPs, which was more obvious and severe in female rats. No accumulation of TiO2 NPs in the liver was observed, indicating that hepatic toxicity may not be caused through direct pathways. Oxidized glutathione, lipid peroxidation products increased significantly and reduced glutathione decreased significantly in the liver of rats in repeated TiO2 NP‐exposed groups. Hematological parameters of white blood cells and inflammatory cytokines in serum including interleukin 1α, interleukin 4 and tumor necrosis factor also increased significantly. Indirect pathways through initiating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were suggested as the possible mechanism of the hepatic toxicity in this experiment. The higher sensitivity to redox homeostasis imbalance and inflammation of female rats may be the main reason for gender differences. Our research suggested that gender should be a susceptible factor for identifying and monitoring long‐term oral toxicity of TiO2 NPs.
Tenofovir Causes Bone Loss via Decreased Bone Formation and Increased Bone Resorption, Which Can Be Counteracted by Dipyridamole in Mice
Authors: Conesa-Buendía Francisco Miguel , Llamas-Granda Patricia , Larrañaga-Vera Ane , Wilder Tuere , Largo Raquel , Herrero-Beaumont Gabriel , Cronstein Bruce , Mediero Aránzazu
Published: January 2019

Osteopenia and fragility fractures have been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Tenofovir, a common antiviral in HIV treatment, also leads to increases in bone catabolism markers and decreased BMD in children and young adults. In murine models and human cell lines, tenofovir inhibits adenosine triphosphate release and decreases extracellular adenosine levels. Adenosine and adenosine A2A receptor inhibit osteoclast formation, and increase local adenosine concentration with dipyridamole, an agent that blocks adenosine cellular uptake and stimulates new bone formation as well as bone morphogenic protein 2. We hypothesized that tenofovir regulates bone resorption by diminishing endogenous adenosine levels and questioned whether dipyridamole may be a useful treatment to counteract the deleterous bone effects of tenofovir. Primary murine osteoclasts were induced by M-CSF/RANKL, and the number of TRAP-positive-cells was studied after challenge with tenofovir alone or in combination with dipyridamole. Differentiation markers were studied by RT-PCR and MAPK/NFkB expression by Western blot. Male C57Bl/6 mice were treated as follows: saline 0.9% (control), tenofovir 75 mg/kg/day, dipyridamole 25 mg/kg/day, combination tenofovir/dipyridamole (n = 10, 4 weeks). Calcein/Alizarin Red-labeling of newly formed bone was used, and long bones were prepared for micro-computed tomography (μCT)/histology. Tenofovir produced a dose-dependent increase in osteoclast differentiation (EC50 = 44.5nM) that was reversed by dipyridamole (IC50 = 0.3 μM). Tenofovir increased cathepsin K and NFATc1 mRNA levels and dipyridamole reversed the effect. Dipyridamole reversed the effect of tenofovir on pERK1/2, pp38, and NFkB nuclear translocation. Mice treated with tenofovir lost nearly 10% of their body weight (p < 0.001). μCT revealed decreased BMD and altered trabecular bone in tenofovir-treated mice, reversed by dipyridamole. TRAP-staining showed increased osteoclasts in tenofovir-treated mice (p < 0.005), an effect reversed by dipyridamole. Similar results were obtained for cathepsin K and CD68. RANKL-positive cells were increased in tenofovir-treated mice, whereas osteoprotegerin-positive cells were decreased; both effects were reversed by dipyridamole. These results suggest that treatment with agents that increase local adenosine concentrations, like dipyridamole, might prevent bone loss following tenofovir treatment. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Lack of Myosin X Enhances Osteoclastogenesis and Increases Cell Surface Unc5b in Osteoclast-Lineage Cells
Authors: Wang Bo , Pan Jin-Xiu , Yu Huali , Xiong Lei , Zhao Kai , Xiong Shan , Guo Jun-Peng , Lin Sen , Sun Dong , Zhao Lu , Guo Haohan , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng
Published: January 2019

Normal bone mass is maintained by balanced bone formation and resorption. Myosin X (Myo10), an unconventional “myosin tail homology 4-band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin” (MyTH4-FERM) domain containing myosin, is implicated in regulating osteoclast (OC) adhesion, podosome positioning, and differentiation in vitro. However, evidence is lacking for Myo10 in vivo function. Here we show that mice with Myo10 loss of function, Myo10m/m, exhibit osteoporotic deficits, which are likely due to the increased OC genesis and bone resorption because bone formation is unchanged. Similar deficits are detected in OC-selective Myo10 conditional knockout (cko) mice, indicating a cell autonomous function of Myo10. Further mechanistic studies suggest that Unc-5 Netrin receptor B (Unc5b) protein levels, in particular its cell surface level, are higher in the mutant OCs, but lower in RAW264.7 cells or HEK293 cells expressing Myo10. Suppressing Unc5b expression in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) from Myo10m/m mice by infection with lentivirus of Unc5b shRNA markedly impaired RANKL-induced OC genesis. Netrin-1, a ligand of Unc5b, increased RANKL-induced OC formation in BMMs from both wild-type and Myo10m/m mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Myo10 plays a negative role in OC formation, likely by inhibiting Unc5b cell-surface targeting, and suppressing Netrin-1 promoted OC genesis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ultrasound measurement of knee synovial fluid during external pneumatic compression
Authors: Meehan Richard , Wilson Chris , Hoffman Eric , Altimier Lynne , Kaessner Maryanne , Regan Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2019

Synovial fluid based biomarker research has been limited by the small volumes of synovial fluid from the knees of some patients. We used ultrasound (US) to determine if synovial fluid could be displaced into an access port during pneumatic compression to 100 mmHg. Forty knees from 37 consecutive arthritis patients with rheumatoid arthritis −25, osteoarthritis −8, psoriatic arthritis −2, and 1 each with systemic lupus erythematosus and gout were evaluated. This group of 28 females and 9 males with a median age of 59 years and an average body mass index of 26.9 kg/m2 had previously undergone a diagnostic arthrocentesis and or a therapeutic knee injection using this pneumatic compression device. Blinded digital image analysis of the anechoic region on ultrasound demonstrated an increase in fluid within the 9 cm × 6 cm access port (anterolateral or anteromedial joint) during inflation in all patients with a 2.5–3.5 fold increase in fluid area and a 2–3 fold increase in fluid depth after inflation, p < 0.001. Statement of clinical significance: External pneumatic compression to the knee provides a larger volume of synovial fluid under positive pressure which should allow investigators to achieve greater success in obtaining synovial fluid during arthrocentesis for biomarker research or provide more precise therapeutic injections than traditional non image‐guided anatomical landmark‐based techniques. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Novel compression rat model for developmental spinal stenosis
Authors: Cheung Prudence W. H. , Hu Yong , Cheung Jason P. Y.
Published: January 2019

Developmental spinal stenosis (DSS) is characterized by pre‐existing circumferential narrowing of the bony spinal canal which predisposes neural tissue to compression. This study aims to create a reproducible animal model mimicking DSS for investigation of its pathoanatomy. Developmental spinal canal constriction was simulated using circumferential compression. Eighteen female Sprague–Dawley rats (13.0–14.5 weeks‐old) underwent circumferential compression at L4‐L5 using silicone sheets; or dorsal compression using overlapping silicone sheets; or as controls. A series of outcome scores were used for locomotor function assessment, together with electrophysiological and histological assessment. Assessment time‐points were at preoperative, postoperative 1‐week, 2‐weeks, 3‐weeks, 1‐month, and pre‐sacrifice. Statistical analyses were performed. At all postoperative time‐points, circumferential group had the worst mean Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scores with significant difference from the control group (p < 0.05), as well as the lowest mean Louisville Swim Scale scores, as compared to the dorsal (p < 0.05) and to the control (p < 0.01) groups. Circumferential group had worse mean foot fault score for both hindlimbs (p < 0.01 to p < 0.05) and highest error rate in foot placement accuracy, especially higher than dorsal (p < 0.05) and control (p < 0.05) groups at pre‐sacrifice. Electrophysiological assessment revealed postoperative increase in P1 latency was higher in circumferential than dorsal compression. Highest postoperative mean P1 latency was observed for both paws at all postoperative time‐points for circumferential group (except at postoperative 1‐week). Circumferential group had lower myelin‐to‐axonal area ratio and higher g‐ratio than both the dorsal and control groups (p < 0.001). For each study group, hindlimb P1 latency and P1‐N1 amplitude were each correlated with g‐ratio (p < 0.05); and mean myelin‐to‐axonal area ratio correlated with P1 latency of both hindlimbs (p < 0.05). Based on these more severe axonal demyelination and neurological deficits, a valid DSS rat model is created with somatosensory evoked potential neuro‐monitoring technique. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Retrospective cohort study of 4,591 dental implants: Analysis of risk indicators for bone loss and prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: French David , Grandin H. Michelle , Ofec Ronen
Published: January 2019

Background

Due to the risk of peri‐implantitis, following dental implant placement, this study aimed to evaluate risk indicators associated with marginal bone loss from a retrospective open cohort study of 4,591 dental implants, placed in private practice, with 5‐ to 10‐year follow‐up. Furthermore, the prevalence of mucositis and peri‐implantitis among the study cohort was evaluated, comparing strict versus relaxed criteria for bleeding on probing.

Methods

Periapical radiographs were used to evaluate changes in crestal bone level. Peri‐implant soft tissue was evaluated using an ordinal mucosal index in comparison with the conventional binary threshold for bleeding (i.e., present or not). Periodontal probing depth was not evaluated. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate bone level over time, and other risk indicators, at the patient and implant level.

Results

Risk indicators found to have a significant impact on bone level included: autoimmune disease, heavy smoking, bisphosphonate therapy, implant location, diameter and design, and the presence of a bone defect at site of implantation. The prevalence of mucositis at the implant level was 38.6% versus 14.2% at 6 to 7 years, when using strict versus relaxed criteria, respectively. The prevalence of peri‐implantitis after 6 to 7 years was 4.7% and 3.6% when using strict versus relaxed criteria, respectively.

Conclusions

The results of this study identify several risk factors associated with bone loss. Furthermore, the prevalence of mucositis and peri‐implantitis was shown to be lower at both the implant and the patient when using strict versus relaxed criteria based on the assessment of oral health surrounding dental implants.
Reconstructive limb‐salvage surgery after lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection: A 20‐year experience
Authors: Bridgham Kelly M. , El Abiad Jad M. , Lu Zhen A. , Bhat Deepa , Darrach Halley , Morris Carol D. , Levin Adam S. , Sacks Justin M.
Published: January 2019

Background

Reconstructive surgery is often required following lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection. The relationship between the method of plastic surgery reconstruction and postoperative wound healing or functional oncologic outcomes in this patient population is poorly understood.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review on all adult patients that underwent soft tissue reconstruction following resection of lower extremity soft tissue sarcomas between 1996 and 2016 at our institution.

Results

One hundred and thirty‐six patients were identified. Wound complications occurred within 6‐months postoperatively in 72 patients (52.9%). Average time to heal was 13.0 weeks. Limb survival was 94.9%. 16.9% and 36.8% of patients had evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of overall wound complications, time to heal, limb survival, local recurrence, or metastatic disease between the different reconstructive methods.

Conclusions

In our cohort, the utilization of different reconstructive techniques did not correlate with a difference in postoperative wound complications or oncologic outcomes. Local flaps can effectively reconstruct the majority of lower extremity sarcoma defects that cannot be closed primarily. However, alternative reconstructive techniques may be utilized when indicated without a significant increase in postoperative morbidity in this patient population.