bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Gnostic Actions Using Eye Tracking as a Method of Studying Insight in Problem Solving
Authors: Vladimirov I.Y. , Chistopolskaya A.V.
Published: March 2016

TThe paper focuses on the issue of research methods in studying insight. Since the process of insight is quite difficult to verbalize, researchers are presented with the methodological challenge of its objectifica- tion. One of the possible methods is the analysis of gnostic actions as components of a single integrated system of perceptive and thinking activity aimed at problem solving. The paper analyzes past and present periods in the explorations of insight with this method and suggests that eye tracking in problem solving is the most perspective technology. It reviews the studies of G. Knoblich, J. Ellis, E, Grant and M. Spivey, L. Thomas and A. Lleras, D. Kahneman, J.T. Wang and others. The paper compares various characteristics of eye movements and their content and discusses perspectives for the study on insight using the method of eye movement tracking, that is, testing the theoretical assumptions concerning the mechanisms of insight in problem solving and revealing the processes underlying insight.
Features of Moral Foundations in Mongol, German and Russian Adolescents
Authors: Sychev O.A. , Bespalov A.M. , Prudnikova M.M. , Vlasov M.S.
Published: March 2016

The difference in moral foundations between adults living in Western or Eastern countries is well-known, but there is lack of evidence about such difference in adolescence. We tested the hypothesis about cultural differences of moral foundations in Mongolian, Russian and German adolescents. As the methodology of the study we used Moral Foundations Theory describing five basic dimensions of moral domain including Harm/Care, Fair- ness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. The sample comprised 446 Mon- golian, 450 Russian and 117 German adolescents at the age of 12…16 years old. We used three versions of Moral Foundations Questionnaire in different languages. The results of statistical analysis showed that general analy- sis, based on relations between scales, was acceptable. The replication of factor structure was low. It was revealed that Mongolian adolescents had most conservative moral foundations. Moral foundations of Russian adolescents from Altai Republic were quite close to Mongolian ones, while German adolescents showed much more «progressive» moral foundations which were typical for western societies.
Avaliação do Processo de Restauração de Área de Preservação Permanente Degradada no Sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Silva Rafaela Guimarães , Faria Regiane Aparecida Vilas Boas , Moreira Lucas Gomes , Pereira Tiago De Lima , Silva Carlos Henrique da , Botelho Soraya Alvarenga
Published: March 2016

Estudos que focam a restauração ecológica de Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) no entorno de nascentes vêm sendo executados de forma mais intensiva nas últimas décadas devido ao conhecimento da importância desse ecossistema pela sociedade. Protegidas pelo Código Florestal, as zonas ripárias são sistemas com interações complexas que vêm sofrendo grande pressão antropogênica com as ações antrópicas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de restauração da vegetação ciliar no entorno de uma nascente degradada localizada na sub-bacia do Rio Capivari, município de Lavras (MG). Para a realização da análise fitossociológica foram alocadas 10 parcelas de 10m² no interior de uma transecção de 100 m, partindo da origem do olho d’água e seguindo o gradiente de umidade da APP. Com base na análise do estrato regenerante, verificou-se o elevado número de indivíduos de Eremanthus incanus e Vernonanthura phosphorica, espécies da família Asteraceae. A maioria das espécies é pioneira, zoocórica e jovem caracterizando a área como em fase inicial de sucessão mesmo após 09 anos da implementação do plantio de mudas como metodologia de enriquecimento. Tal fato, possivelmente, remete-se a alta biomassa de gramíneas na área estudada, as quais estabelecem vantagem competitiva sobre as espécies nativas. Mesmo pouco significativa, parte da fonte de propágulos da APP provém do banco de sementes das mudas plantadas. Portanto, os resultados elucidaram o estado de conservação da APP, mostrando a necessidade de intervenção humana em prol do controle das espécies exóticas invasoras e da melhoria ambiental.
Apicultura e Sustentabilidade: Visão dos Apicultores de Sobral (CE)
Authors: Lourenço Maria Salvelina Marques , Cabral José Ednilson de Oliveira
Published: March 2016

A apicultura é uma atividade econômica que vem se revelando como uma importante fonte de renda para a população rural. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o impacto desta atividade nas dimensões da sustentabilidade, na percepção do apicultor. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, utilizando como procedimento o estudo de caso, com análises quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, observação e análise documental. Foram entrevistados 28 apicultores do município de Sobral (CE). A análise dos dados foi realizada de acordo com o Barômetro da Sustentabilidade e a Análise de Discurso. Os resultados quantitativos mostram um índice de bem-estar de 4,43, considerado bom na escala do Barômetro da Sustentabilidade. Os resultados qualitativos evidenciam que a apicultura é uma atividade que contribui positivamente com as dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável: a econômica, porque gera renda e apresenta uma lucratividade relativamente superior, se comparada a outras atividades agropecuárias; a social, porque é fonte de ocupação no campo, contribuindo com a redução do êxodo rural; e a ambiental, porque não degrada e contribui com o aumento da conscientização da importância da preservação da natureza. Conclui-se, portanto, que a apicultura é uma atividade econômica que caminha na direção da sustentabilidade.
Capital social estructural y educación, un estudio desde la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu: Estudio de caso Universidad ECCI
Authors: Cabrera Jiménez Manuel Fernando , Infante Rincón Claudia Liliana
Published: March 2016

Este estudio ha sido desarrollado con el fin de identificar el nivel de capital social estructural en el contexto educativo de la Universidad ECCI. El trabajo se desarrolló con base en el planteamiento de una hipótesis una revisión teórica centrando su atención en los postulados de Pierre Bourdieu y otros referentes teóricos destacados en el tema.  Se utilizó una metodología de corte descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo con dos variables: estudiantes matriculados a partir de tercer semestre y docentes de planta, vinculados a la institución desde el año 2013. Se diseñó un instrumento para la recolección de la información, compuesto por tres dimensiones, el capital social cognitivo, el capital social estructural y la inclusión. El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de los resultados obtenidos en la dimensión estructural del capital social caracterizada por el perfeccionamiento de relaciones normalizadas  que potencialicen estrategias orientadas a fortalecer la asociatividad. La investigación permitió concluir que los niveles de capital social estructural en la Universidad ECCI presentan una tendencia media baja, lo cual se puede considerar como una deficiencia para la construcción de capital social, situación que demanda un plan estratégico que  potencialice y se asuma como objetivo colectivo para el bienestar.
Demonstration of an Inline Publication Image Viewer: The Future of Radiological Publishing
Authors: Ross Brian D.
Published: March 2016

Publications containing multidimensional image content have traditionally been confined to present information in a static 2-dimensional format. Inclusion of videos within a publication provides enhanced opportunities to present multidimensional image views rather than relying on static images to communicate findings. However, a significant advance is presented, in which an image viewer can be integrated into a digital publication format, allowing for user-manipulated and interactive multidimensional viewing of published image data directly inline with the manuscript. This technological advancement allows for user manipulation and interrogation of multidimensional published image data directly within the scientific article. This capability opens up many new and exciting opportunities for publishing in the field of radiological sciences and beyond.
Financial Crisis, Financial Firms… And Financial Feminism? The Rise of ‘Transnational Business Feminism’ and the Necessity of Marxist-Feminist IPE
Authors: Roberts Adrienne
Published: March 2016

This paper documents the rise of a politico-economic project of what I have termed ‘transnational business feminism’, focused on the need to promote women’s empowerment, particularly in the wake of the most recent global financial crisis. Here, liberal feminists have joined with states, funding institutions, NGOs and MNCs in constructing women as ‘untapped resources’ capable of delivering a high return on (Western) investment. This project has also generated new knowledges regarding both gender and finance, as the ‘excesses’ that led to the 2008 crisis have been linked to an errant masculinity that can be adjusted by incorporating women (and feminine values) into the finance realm. However, a feminist historical materialist reading of this project reveals that gender is used as part of a narrative that seeks to naturalize and depoliticize capitalist crises. Gender also becomes the basis for the re-embedding of capitalist relations that reproduce the exploitation of men and women while creating new markets and sources of profit for capital. While transnational business feminism is rooted in a particular version of Western liberal feminism that seeks empowerment via integration into the market economy, this paper argues that the contemporary moment offers an opportunity for a renewed emphasis on feminist scholarship that is firmly wedded to anti-capitalism, as well as a Marxism that takes gender seriously.
"You've Never Seen this Kind of Poverty": Facing Class and Gender in Shoah Representations
Authors: Gerlind Marion
Published: March 2016

In researchers' reconstructions of the Holocaust, also called the Shoah, the lives of ordinary people l lives more impoverished and constrained than those of middle- and upper-class individuals - have been largely overlooked. Rarely have the ways in which gender and class enter into accounts of death and survival been examined. Integrating feminist gender analyzes with class theories, I explore differences between working- and middle-class Jewish women's representations in terms of multiple oppressions. Literary representations often contain class biases because they rely, almost exclusively, on investigations of middle-class, and urban Jews. Combining textual analysis with oral history methods, I conducted audio-taped interviews with survivors, researched videotaped testimonies as well as unpublished third-person narratives and examined the influence of socioeconomic status on Polish- and German-Jewish women's everyday lives in the interwar years (1919-38) and during World War II. My goals are first, to record life histories of marginalized survivors, and second, to demonstrate that social class must be conceptually central to Holocaust analysis, and finally, to contribute to an interdisciplinary discourse on class and gender. By interpreting testimonies at risk of being lost and de-stigmatizing poverty and manual labor, we expose social inequities, and thus can add breadth and depth to our understanding of the Shoah.
McNally, David. 2011. Monsters of the Market: Zombies, Vampires and Global Capitalism.
Authors: Neocleous Mark
Published: March 2016

McNally, David. 2011. Monsters of the Market: Zombies, Vampires and Global Capitalism.
A Peace Paradigm in Social Work.
Authors: Yesufu Adenike
Published: March 2016

Social work is usually seen as a profession with a localized focus but it is eclectic as it borrows from various disciplines for its theoretical framework, which makes it at times disjointed with no cohesion in the various dimensions of its practice. There have been several calls for a change of paradigm in Social Work. This paper takes a critical look at the profession and joins the myriad of calls for the expansion of the Social Work focus. In particular, this article introduces a peace paradigm, which would essentially integrate peace issues and peace perspectives into Social Work practice.
Activist Research Practice: Exploring Research and Knowledge Production for Social Action
Authors: Choudry Aziz
Published: March 2016

Research is a major aspect and fundamental component of many social struggles and movements for change. Understanding social movement networks as significant sites of knowledge production, this article situates and discusses processes and practice of activist research produced outside of academia in these milieus in the broader context of the ‘knowledge-practice’ of social movements. In dialogue with scholarly literature on activist research, it draws from the author’s work as an activist researcher, and a current study of small activist research non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with examples from movement research on transnational corporate power and resistance to capitalist globalization.. It explicates research processes arising from, and embedded in, relationships and dialogue with other activists and organizations that develop through collaboration in formal and informal networks; it contends that building relationships is central to effective activist research practice. In addition to examining how activist researchers practice, understand and validate their research, this paper also shows how this knowledge is constructed, disseminated and mobilized as a tool for effective social action/organizing.
Kanehsatà:ke: Canadian Colonial Aporias
Authors: Koptie Stephen W
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a reflective topical narrative following the research of Irihapeti Ramsden (2003), an Ngai Tahupotiki (Maori) nursing instructor of Aotearoa (New Zealand). It is a reflection on the nature of Indigenous inquiry, or what Irihapeti Ramsden recognized as an often melancholic journey of self-discovery. It has been a continuous struggle for Indigenous scholars to understand how, where, and why the injustices of colonization reduced Indigenous peoples to dependent remnants of the self-reliant and independent nations our stories remember. By connecting ideas like Jacques Derrida’s work on Aporias to the intentionality of the Kahswenhtha (Two Row Wampum), my hope is to contextualize one unresolved injustice, the Kanehsatà:ke (Oka) conflict. The symbolism of the Two Row Wampum addresses the possible but also the impossible of a new brotherhood between colonial Canada and its Indigenous peoples. Reconciliation will only be possible when Canada honours Indigenous resistance, resentment and rebellion against European myths of prerogative power. Our ancestors sacrificed a great deal, and we must wipe our tears and open our eyes, listen deeply, clear our throats and raise our voices to bear witness to our ancestors’ prayers for enduring hope, liberty and peace. Cette contribution présente un récit réflexif contemporain, dans la lignée des recherches de Irihapeti Ramsden, un formateur Ngai Tahupotiki (Maori) des infirmiers de Aotearoa (la Nouvelle Zélande). C’est une réflexion sur la nature de l’introspection Autochtone ou ce que Irihapeti Ramsden a reconnu comme le voyage, souvent mélancolique, de la découverte de soi. C’est une lutte continue pour les chercheurs Autochtones de comprendre comment, où, et pourquoi les injustices de la colonisation ont réduit les peuples Autochtones à des résidus dépendants des nations autonomes dont nos histoires se souviennent. En faisant le lien entre des travaux comme ceux de Jacques Derrida sur Aporias et l’intentionnalité du Kahswenhtha (Two Row Wampum), mon espoir est de mettre en contexte une injustice non résolue, le conflit de Kanehsatà:ke (Oka). Le symbolisme de Two Row Wampum interroge la possibilité mais aussi l’impossibilité d’une nouvelle fraternité entre le Canada colonial et ses peuples Autochtones. La réconciliation ne serait possible qu’à condition que le Canada rende honneur à la résistance, au ressentiment et à la rébellion des Autochtones contre les mythes européens de l’état d’exception. Nos ancêtres ont fait beaucoup de sacrifices et nous devons essuyer nos larmes et ouvrir nos yeux, écouter profondément, éclaircir et élever nos voix afin de témoigner des prières de nos ancêtres pour l’espoir, la liberté et la paix perpétuelle.
Historical Materialism and Alternative Food: Alienation, Division of Labour, and the Production of Consumption
Authors: Cheney Thomas
Published: March 2016

This article takes food issues in both the advanced capitalist and developing worlds, as well as discourses and struggles that have developed in response to them, as a point of departure. The exposition begins with a description of food sovereignty movements and their successful struggles. Third-world campaigns for food security are inspiring cases of resistance, of struggle for disalienation. The focus then shifts to the problems with the contemporary North American diet, and the ‘foodie’ response to the epidemic of poor eating and resulting poor health.Foodie culture as it has developed in the advanced capitalist world has severe limitations, particularly in regards to its treatment of gender and class. Yet it also contains important messages about meaningful human interaction with nature in the form of food procurement and preparation. The analysis developed here strives to go further than a critique of the distribution and availability of foodstuffs in the contemporary capitalist economy. The aim is to understand contestations over both the production and consumption of food in terms of some key categories of Marxist philosophy. It is argued that using the concepts of alienation, division of labour, and production of consumption can strengthen the case for food sovereignty while also mounting a critique of foodie culture that nonetheless preserves its constructive insights. More specifically, this means that an exploration of the relationship between the division of labour and alienation can demonstrate the negative consequences of industrially produced foods, while affirming the necessity of alternative forms of food production and consumption. Everywhere and in different ways, capitalism alienates humans from their species-being. This paper argues that this fact is particularly evident with regards to the industrial food system. However, just as food can be a site of oppression, so too can it be a locus of struggle against capital.
Book Reviews
Authors: Authors Various
Published: March 2016

Hill, The 500 Years of Resistance Comic Book. Monture & McGuire (eds), First Voices:. Albo, Gindin & Panitch, In and Out of Crisis. Smith, Global Capitalism in Crisis. Bashevkin, Women, Power, Politics. Iversen & Rosenbluth. Women, Work, and Politics. Benhabib & Judith Resnick (eds), Migrations and Mobilities. Saul, Revolutionary Traveller. Williams, The Roots of Participatory Democracy. Engler, Canada and Israel. Satgar & Zita (eds), New Frontiers for Socialism in the 21st Century. Angus (ed), The Global Fight for Climate Justice. Harvey, Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. Castells, Communication Power. Newson & Polster (eds), Academic Callings.
“The Big Smoke” Screen: Toronto’s G20 Protests, Police Brutality, and the Unaccountability of Public Officials
Authors: Hussey Ian , LeClerc Patrice
Published: March 2016

The G8 and G20 summits took place in Huntsville and Toronto, Ontario, Canada on 25-26 and 26-27 June 2010 respectively. Summits such as these often have large budgets attached to them and attract protests from people with various political leanings deploying a diversity of tactics, and these particular summits were no exception. In this article, we contrast official and media accounts of the protest and the policing of the events with a narrative grounded in protestors’ experience, in an attempt to complicate present popular understandings of these protests. In the discussion section of the article we provide theoretical and analytic insights into what the events of last summer can tell us about organizing and policing dissent. Le sommets du G8 et du G20 se sont tenus à Huntsville et Toronto, Ontario, Canada le 25-26 et 26-27 juin 2010 respectivement. Les sommets comme ceux-ci ont généralement des budgets importants et attirent des manifestations organisées par des individus avec des tendances politiques multiples, utilisant des stratégies diverses. Ces sommets ne font pas exception. Dans cet article, nous contrastons les descriptions des manifestations et du comportement de la police par les sources officielles et les médias, avec les récits issus de l’expérience des manifestants, dans un souci de complexifier la compréhension populaire des ces manifestations. Nous offrons des contributions théoriques et analytiques pour comprendre ce que les événements de l’été dernier peuvent nous dire à propos de l’organisation et le contrôle de la contestation.
Socialist Studies, Volume 9, Number 1 (Full Issue)
Authors: Authors Various
Published: March 2016

Socialist Studies, Volume 9, Number 1 (Full Issue)
Research Note: Rosa Luxemburg and the Global Violence of Capitalism
Authors: LeBlanc Paul
Published: March 2016

Rosa Luxemburg’s pungent honesty is evident in her critical-minded and ‘unorthodox’ analysis of the economic expansionism of imperialism that arose out of the accumulation of capital. Despite an idiosyncratic reading and critique of Marx’s Capital, she sought to defend and advance the revolutionary perspectives of classical Marxism. Criticisms and counterpoised analyses offered by Rosdolsky, Bukharin, Lenin, and Robinson have not diminished what are generally seen as brilliant contributions. Militarism, war, and inhumanity are perceived as essential to imperialism in her analyses, and imperialism is seen as central to the nature of capitalism. Luxemburg’s account of global economic development reflect impressive economic insight, historical sweep, and anthropological sensitivity that impress critics as well partisans. Le franc parler de Rosa Luxemburg est évident dans ses analyses critiques et ‘hétérodoxes’ de l’expansionnisme économique de l’impérialisme qui a émergé de l’accumulation du capital. Malgré une lecture idiosyncratique et critique du Capital de Marx, elle cherchait à défendre et à avancer les perspectives révolutionnaires du marxisme classique. Les critiques et contre-analyses offertes par Rosdolsky, Boukharine, Lénine et Robinson n’ont pas diminué des contributions communément admises comme brillantes. Dans ses analyses, le militarisme, la guerre et l’inhumanité sont perçues comme essentiels à l’impérialisme et l’impérialisme occupe une place centrale dans la nature du capitalisme. La description du développement économique mondial par Luxemburg montre une acuité économique impressionnante, un sens de l’histoire, et une sensitivité anthropologique qui ont impressionné ses critiques comme ses partisans.
The Remaking of Leviathan: The State and Public Sector Reform in Advanced Capitalist Countries
Authors: Peters John
Published: March 2016

This article argues that recent comparatives literatures on the welfare state have yet to adequately consider the public sector and how governments have reshaped their public services. Drawing on macro-level data from the OECD, qualitative studies, and trade union research, it is claimed that governments have substantially remade their administrative and financial procedures in order to cut expenditures and lower labour costs. It is also contended that because of financial globalization and rising debt, states have made a series of reforms to public sector industrial relations. These have worsened wages, working conditions, and jobs throughout the public sector. It is concluded that such developments are central to reforming the nature of state functioning across North America and Western Europe. This is the first study to report on government reforms to fiscal policies, public sector services, and public sector labour forces in 13 OECD countries between 1980-2005.
Detection of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus 1 and 3 in Mexico
Authors: Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo , Uriza-Ávila Daniel Emigdio , Rojas-Martínez Reyna Isabel
Published: March 2016

In El Bajo Papaloapan, the main producing area of pineapple of Mexico, leaves with typical symptoms of viral infection consisting in chlorosis, flaccidity, reduced growth and reddening were collected. By RT-PCR with specific primers for the hsp70 gene and subsequent sequencing were detected Pineapple mealybug wilt virus associated-virus 1 (PMWaV-1) and Pineapple mealybug wilt virus associated-3 (PMWaV-3). From the sequences obtained a tree was done with sequences from different regions of the world available in GenBank in order to know their similarity. The sequence obtained from the Mexican isolate PMWaV-1 was genetically related to the sequences of isolates from Cuba, Taiwan, Thailand and Hawaii and more distant from the Australian isolate. The sequence obtained for the Mexican isolate PMWaV-3 was more related to isolates from Hawaii, Cuba, Australia and Taiwan and more distant from the Thailand isolate. This is the first report of the presence of these two viruses in Mexico.
История изучения фауны десятиногих раков (Decapoda) Понта в датах и цифрах
Authors: Аносов С. Е. , Игнатьев С. М.
Published: March 2016

На основании анализа литературных первоисточников описывается история изучения десятиногих ракообразных Понтийского бассейна за последние два века. Показано, как со временем менялись взгляды исследователей на состав и происхождение фауны Чёрного моря. Оценивается вклад видов-вселенцев в биоразнообразие декапод региона. Приводятся результаты современной ревизии видового состава этих ракообразных.
PREDIKSI CRASH SAHAM MENGGUNAKAN LOG PERIODIC POWER LAW DENGAN NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION (STUDI KASUS: PASAR SAHAM INDONESIA)
Authors: Sutrisna Ditta Febriany
Published: March 2016

Pergerakan indeks harga saham menjadi tolak ukur para investor untuk membuat keputusan yang akan diambil seperti menjual, mempertahankan, atau membeli saham tersebut. Akan tetapi kondisi harga saham yang tidak menentu atau naik turun, mengakibatkan pasar keuangan rentan terhadap crash harga saham. Pada tugas akhir ini, digunakan model Log Periodic Power Law dengan Nonlinear Optimization untuk memprediksi crash terhadap harga saham. Nonlinear Optimization terdapat dua tahap yaitu metode Tabu Search dan algoritma Levenberg-Marquardt kuadrat terkecil nonlinier. Metode Tabu Search untuk mendapatkan tebakan awal dari parameter model LPPL, dan algoritma Levenberg-Marquardt kuadrat terkecil nonlinier untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter dari model LPPL. Hasil prediksi crash saham dilihat dari distribusi perkiraan waktu krisis dengan peluang paling besar. Berdasarkan informasi dari data IHSG, krisis terjadi pada bulan Oktober 2008. Hasil prediksi menggunakan model LPPL dengan Nonlinear Optimization menunjukkan waktu crash harga saham mendekati nilai pada tanggal 23 Januari 2008. Nilai harapan dengan probabilitas waktu paling besar terjadi pada tanggal 31 Januari 2008.
OPTIMASI JARINGAN SENSOR NIRKABEL MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA TWO SUB-SWARMS PSO DISKRIT
Authors: Murdiansyah Danang Triantoro
Published: March 2016

Pada paper ini diusulkan sebuah algortima berbasis PSO, yaitu Two Sub-Swarms PSO Diskrit atau disingkat dengan TSS PSO Diskrit, untuk memecahkan masalah konsumsi energi pada jaringan sensor nirkabel. Jarak yang jauh antara sensor nirkabel dan stasiun utama pada jaringan sensor nirkabel dapat menyebabkan energi pada sensor nirkabel cepat habis dan menurunkan umur pakai dari sensor nirkabel tersebut. Untuk memecahkan masalah konsumsi energi tersebut, metode klasterisasi dipilih. Dengan melakukan klasterisasi pada jaringan sensor nirkabel menjadi sejumlah klaster sensor nirkabel, masalah jarak yang jauh untuk transfer data dapat diatasi dan energi yang dibutuhkan oleh sensor nirkabel jauh berkurang. Pada proses klasterisasi akan dipilih sejumlah sensor nirkabel untuk menjadi sensor kepala atau disebut juga dengan cluster head. Simulasi menunjukan bahwa algoritma TSS PSO Diskrit dapat mencapai solusi yang baik dengan cepat dan menghasilkan efisiensi jarak transmisi sampai 95.36% dari transmisi jarak yang ditempuh dengan cara transmisi langsung. Performa algoritma TSS PSO Diskrit ini juga dibandingkan dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menggunakan AG (Algoritma Genetika) [1].
Elementary Algorithms Analysis of Megrelishvili Protocol
Authors: Arzaki Muhammad
Published: March 2016

This article presents an investigation of asymptotic time complexities of several algorithms related to Megrelishvili protocol. The analysis are carried out for the private keys computations and public exchange of values, public key constructions, as well as an elementary exhaustive search attack algorithm. We show that the complexities of these algorithms are higher than the complexities of elementary algorithms involved in the conventional Diffie - Hellman protocol (DHP) or its variant on elliptic curves (ECDHP). This condition also implies that Megrelishvili protocol is more secure than DHP and ECDHP against exhaustive search attack.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AKAR PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) TERHADAP KERUSAKAN ORGAN HATI MENCIT BUNTING (The Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Roots on Liver Damage of Pregnant Mice)
Authors: Panjaitan Ruqiah Ganda Putri , M Masriani , Z Zulfan
Published: March 2016

This study aims to find out the eeffect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. roots on the liver damage of pregnant mice. This research used Balb/cstrain mice, 2-3 month, with the weight ranging of 27-33 gram. Samples were divided into three treatment groups consisted of three mice. GroupI (KI) was negative control (placebo), only treated with 0.06 ml/20 g bw of distilled water, group II (KII) was administered with roots ofEurycoma longifolia Jack extract at dose of 14 mg/20 g bw, and group III (KIII, positive control) was administered with Schizandrae at the dose0.06 mg/20 g bw. Treatment were done for 7 consecutive days in pregnancy period. On day 8th, blood samples were collected to examine the levelof alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate transaminase (ALT) enzymes in serum and liver organ were collected to observe thehistopathological changes. The average of ALT and AST enzymes level on K1, K2, and K3 were 18.34+0.28, 19.68+0.15, and 19.20+0.08 U/l; and21.79+0.26, 23.42+0.41, and 22.23+0.52 U/l. The histopathological examination results showed that the administration of E. longifolia Jackroots extract and Schizandrae reveal the karyomegali and fatty change of hepatocytes. It is concluded that the administration of E. longifoliaJack roots extract at the dose of 14 mg/20 g bw could decrease the liver function of pregnant mice. Key words: Eurycoma longfolia Jack. root, pregnancy period, liver histopathological studies
A Unified Model for Gas Transfer in Nanopores of Shale-Gas Reservoirs: Coupling Pore Diffusion and Surface Diffusion
Authors: Wu Keliu , Li Xiangfang , Guo Chaohua , Wang Chenchen , Chen Zhangxin
Published: March 2016

A model for gas transfer in nanopores is the basis for accurate numerical simulation, which has important implications for economic development of shale-gas reservoirs (SGRs). The gas-transfer mechanism in SGRs is significantly different from that of conventional gas reservoirs, which is mainly caused by the nanoscale phenomena and organic matter as a medium of gas sourcing and storage. The gas-transfer mechanism includes bulk-gas transfer and adsorption-gas surface diffusion in nanopores of SGRs, where the bulk-gas-transfer mechanism includes continuous flow, slip flow, and Knudsen diffusion. First, a model for bulk-gas transfer in nanopores was established, which was dependent on slip flow and Knudsen diffusion. The total gas flux in the bulk phase is not a simple sum of slip-flow flux and Knudsen-diffusion flux but a weighted sum on the basis of corresponding contributions. The weighted factors are primarily controlled by the mutual interaction between slip flow and Knudsen diffusion, which is determined by probabilities between gas molecules colliding with each other and colliding with nanopore surface in this newly proposed model. Second, a model for adsorbed-gas surface diffusion in nanopores was established, which was modeled after the Hwang and Kammermeyer (1966) model and considered the effect of gas coverage under a high-pressure condition. Finally, with the combination of these two models, a unified model for gas transport in nanopores of SGRs was established, and this model was validated through molecular simulation and experimental data. Results show that:

Slip flow makes a great contribution to gas transfer under the condition of meso/macropores (pore radius greater than 2 nm) and high pressure. Knudsen diffusion makes an important contribution to gas transfer under the condition of macropores (pore radius greater than 50 nm) and less than 1 MPa in pressure, whereas it can be ignored in other cases. A surface-diffusion coefficient is comparable with a pore-diffusion coefficient, and gas transfer is always dominated by surface diffusion over all the ranges of pressure in micropores (pore radius ≤ 2 nm). Surface-diffusion contribution decreases with an increase in pore size, isosteric sorption heat, pressure, and temperature in SGRs.
Drivers for performance improvement originating from the Dutch drinking water benchmark
Authors: de Goede Marieke , Enserink Bert , Worm Ignaz , van der Hoek Jan Peter
Published: March 2016

The Dutch drinking water sector has been benchmarked every 3 years since 1997, and the sector has significantly improved performance since then. Based on interviews with CEOs and financial managers of drinking water companies five drivers for improvement as a result of this benchmark are identified: ‘learning effect’, ‘enhanced transparency’, ‘managed competition’, ‘avoidance of negative consequences' and ‘personal honour of director’. Different developments have caused stagnation of further improvement: the variation on the benchmarked performance indicators has decreased, participation in the benchmark became mandatory for all Dutch drinking water supply organizations, it lacks a focus on the future, and participating organizations experience high financial pressure. These developments decrease the influence of the drivers. Four possible new impulses for the benchmark are identified and their influence on the effect of the drivers is analysed. The two most promising new impulses are to make the benchmark adaptive and to involve consumers in the process of benchmarking, both have a positive influence on the effect of almost all drivers. This study contributes to the understanding of how benchmarking leads to improvement and to the analysis of the impact of design choices, leading to well-founded decisions for re-design of the Dutch drinking water benchmark.
Characterization of leptospirosis among dogs in Oregon, 2007–2011
Authors: Grayzel Sharon E. , DeBess Emilio E.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To characterize the demographics, exposure risks, and outcomes for dogs with leptospirosis in Oregon between 2007 and 2011 and to identify geographic and temporal distributions of known cases of canine leptospirosis within the state during this period.

DESIGN Retrospective descriptive epidemiological study.

ANIMALS 72 dogs.

PROCEDURES Reports of laboratory tests for leptospirosis and zoonosis reporting forms voluntarily submitted by veterinarians to the Oregon Health Authority were evaluated to identify dogs with leptospirosis during the study period; data were also collected by examination of medical records or by telephone surveys with veterinarians from reporting facilities.

RESULTS 72 confirmed cases of leptospirosis were identified; surveys were completed for 65 cases. Seasonal and spatial distributions coincided with rainfall patterns for the state, with most cases diagnosed in the spring and in the western part of the state. Common exposure risks included contact with water in the environment (14/65) and contact with wildlife (14); 33 dogs had no history of known exposure risks. Among dogs with other conditions at the time of diagnosis (26/64), dermatitis, otitis, or both were the most commonly reported findings (9/26). Of 65 dogs, 44 recovered, 12 died or were euthanized because of leptospirosis, and 9 were lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Distribution of canine leptospirosis cases in Oregon fit the rainfall theory pattern. Dermatologic conditions were present in 9 of 64 (14%) dogs that had a diagnosis of leptospirosis; however, further investigation is needed to determine whether such conditions predispose dogs to the disease.
Estimation of Indirect Effects in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding for the Mediator–Outcome Relationship in a Multilevel 2-1-1 Mediation Model
Authors: Talloen Wouter , Moerkerke Beatrijs , Loeys Tom , De Naeghel Jessie , Van Keer Hilde , Vansteelandt Stijn
Published: March 2016

To assess the direct and indirect effect of an intervention, multilevel 2-1-1 studies with intervention randomized at the upper (class) level and mediator and outcome measured at the lower (student) level are frequently used in educational research. In such studies, the mediation process may flow through the student-level mediator (the within indirect effect) or a class-aggregated mediator (the contextual indirect effect). In this article, we cast mediation analysis within the counterfactual framework and clarify the assumptions that are needed to identify the within and contextual indirect effect. We show that unlike the contextual indirect effect, the within indirect effect can be unbiasedly estimated in linear models in the presence of unmeasured confounders of the mediator–outcome relationship at the upper level that exert additive effects on mediator and outcome. When unmeasured confounding occurs at the individual level, both indirect effects are no longer identified. We propose sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the within and contextual indirect effect under lower and upper-level confounding, respectively.
Research at an undergraduate level - An insight into its importance
Authors: Ram Pradhum , Sethi Akshay , Madadin Mohammed , Menezes Ritesh G
Published: March 2016

In the world of evidence-based medicine, the need for research cannot be overstated. While the helm of such research if being conducted by trained scientists in secluded labs, one often forgets that these scientists were students too at one point in time. If their interest was not honed then, we might still be fighting polio today. Thus with this editorial we hope to usher more students into research at the undergraduate level.
Gelatine-Based Antioxidant Packaging Containing Caesalpinia decapetala and Tara as a Coating for Ground Beef Patties
Authors: Gallego María , Gordon Michael , Segovia Francisco , Almajano Pablos María
Published: March 2016

The development of antioxidant-active packaging has numerous advantages, such as the reduction of synthetic additives in food, the reduction of plastic waste and food protection against oxidation reactions. Different concentrations of extracts of the plants Caesalpinia decapetala (CD) and Caesalpinia spinosa “Tara” (CS) were incorporated into gelatine films as natural antioxidants. The physical, mechanical and antioxidant properties of these films were studied. Films containing plant extracts at a high concentration had lower tensile strength with higher elongation at break points, compared to the control film (p < 0.05). Films exhibited antioxidant activity in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays when added at 0.2%. The application of gelatine film containing CD and CS was found to be effective in delaying lipid oxidation and deterioration of beef patty quality during storage. Therefore, the films prepared in this study offered an alternative edible coating for the preservation of fresh food.
An Exact Efficiency Formula for Holographic Heat Engines
Authors: Johnson Clifford
Published: March 2016

Further consideration is given to the efficiency of a class of black hole heat engines that perform mechanical work via the pdV terms present in the First Law of extended gravitational thermodynamics. It is noted that, when the engine cycle is a rectangle with sides parallel to the (p,V) axes, the efficiency can be written simply in terms of the mass of the black hole evaluated at the corners. Since an arbitrary cycle can be approximated to any desired accuracy by a tiling of rectangles, a general geometrical algorithm for computing the efficiency of such a cycle follows. A simple generalization of the algorithm renders it applicable to broader classes of heat engine, even beyond the black hole context.
High-k Dielectric Passivation for GaN Diode with a Field Plate Termination
Authors: Yoshino Michitaka , Horikiri Fumimasa , Ohta Hiroshi , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Nakamura Tohru
Published: March 2016

Vertical structured Gallium nitride (GaN) p-n junction diodes with improved breakdown properties have been demonstrated using high-k dielectric passivation underneath the field plate. Simulation results at a reverse voltage of 1 kV showed that the maximum electric field near the mesa-etched p-n junction edges covered with film of dielectric constant k = 10 was reduced to 2.0 MV/cm from 3.0 MV/cm (SiO2 (k = 3.9)). The diodes were fabricated using the high-k mixed oxide of SiO2 and CeO2 with k = 12.3. I–V characteristics of the diode with a field plate showed a breakdown voltage above 2 kV with an increased avalanche resistance. This means that the electric field reduces at the periphery of the mesa-etched p-n junction and is uniformly formed across the whole p-n junction. It is clear that high-k dielectric film passivation and filed plate termination are essential techniques for GaN power devices.
Control Strategies with Dynamic Threshold Adjustment for Supercapacitor Energy Storage System Considering the Train and Substation Characteristics in Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Lin Fei , Li Xuyang , Zhao Yajie , Yang Zhongping
Published: March 2016

Recuperation of braking energy offers great potential for reducing energy consumption in urban rail transit systems. The present paper develops a new control strategy with variable threshold for wayside energy storage systems (ESSs), which uses the supercapacitor as the energy storage device. First, the paper analyzes the braking curve of the train and the V-I characteristics of the substation. Then, the current-voltage dual-loop control method is used for ESSs. Next, in order to achieve the best energy-saving effect, the paper discusses the selection principle of the charge and discharge threshold. This paper proposes a control strategy for wayside supercapacitors integrated with dynamic threshold adjustment control on the basis of avoiding the onboard braking chopper’s operation. The proposed control strategy is very useful for obtaining good performance, while not wasting any energy in the braking resistor. Therefore, the control strategy has been verified through simulations, and experimental tests, have been implemented on the Batong Line of Beijing subway using the 200 kW wayside supercapacitor energy storage prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed control is capable of saving energy and considerably reducing energy consumption in the braking resistor during train braking.
How Does Sex Influence Multimorbidity? Secondary Analysis of a Large Nationally Representative Dataset
Authors: Agur Karolina , McLean Gary , Hunt Kate , Guthrie Bruce , Mercer Stewart
Published: March 2016

Multimorbidity increases with age and is generally more common in women, but little is known about sex effects on the “typology” of multimorbidity. We have characterized multimorbidity in a large nationally representative primary care dataset in terms of sex in ten year age groups from 25 years to 75 years and over, in a cross-sectional analysis of multimorbidity type (physical-only, mental-only, mixed physical and mental; and commonest conditions) for 1,272,685 adults in Scotland. Our results show that women had more multimorbidity overall in every age group, which was most pronounced in the 45–54 years age group (women 26.5% vs. men 19.6%; difference 6.9 (95% CI 6.5 to 7.2). From the age of 45, physical-only multimorbidity was consistently more common in men, and physical-mental multimorbidity more common in women. The biggest difference in physical-mental multimorbidity was found in the 75 years and over group (women 30.9% vs. men 21.2%; difference 9.7 (95% CI 9.1 to 10.2). The commonest condition in women was depression until the age of 55 years, thereafter hypertension. In men, drugs misuse had the highest prevalence in those aged 25–34 years, depression for those aged 35–44 years, and hypertension for 45 years and over. Depression, pain, irritable bowel syndrome and thyroid disorders were more common in women than men across all age groups. We conclude that the higher overall prevalence of multimorbidity in women is mainly due to more mixed physical and mental health problems. The marked difference between the sexes over 75 years especially warrants further investigation.
Analysis of Blood Glucose Distribution Characteristics and Its Risk Factors among a Health Examination Population in Wuhu (China)
Authors: Song Jiangen , Zha Xiaojuan , Li Haibo , Guo Rui , Zhu Yu , Wen Yufeng
Published: March 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) represent serious threats to human health, and as a result, this study was aimed at understanding the blood glucose distribution characteristics and the risk factors among a large health examination population in China. Methods: An investigation with physical and biochemical examinations and questionnaires was conducted in the physical examination center from 2011 to 2014 and as a result 175,122 physical examination attendees were enrolled in this study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing blood sugar levels. Results: The rates of IFG and DM were 6.0% and 3.8%. Prevalence were 7.6%/5.1% in males and 5.1%/2.8% in females for IFG and DM, respectively. The prevalence of IFG and DM were thus higher in males than in females. In the normal group, except high density lipoprotein (HDL) that was significantly higher than in the IFG and DM group, the other indexes (age, body mass index (BMI), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (TC) and total glycerides (TG) were lower than those in the IFG and DM group. The proportion of IFG and DM also increased with the increases in proportion of abnormal blood pressure, smoking and alcohol consumption. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age, high BMI, high TC, high TG and low HDL increased the risk of diabetes, while in males, in addition to the above factors, the smoking and drinking factors also increased the risk of diabetes. After the age of 65, the blood glucose level reached a peak in males, while in females, the increasing trends was on the rise. The inflexion age of the fast rise was younger in males than in females. Conclusion: The study population showed a high prevalence of DM and IFG among the adults. Regular physical examination for the early detection of diabetes is recommended in the high-risk population.