bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racism and harassment towards frontline workers: experiences of environmental public health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic response
Authors: Sekercioglu Fatih , Rahman Subrana , Meldrum Richard , Young Ian
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted several challenges for Environmental Public Health Professionals (EPHPs). This study aims to understand the experiences of EPHPs during the pandemic to improve future crises and incidents that may arise. A mixed-methods, cross-sectional online survey was conducted in June 2021. Frequency tabulations were used to analyze close-ended survey responses, and both a conventional content analysis and thematic analysis were conducted on open-ended responses. A total of 80 eligible survey responses were received. Most respondents were located in Ontario (53.8%). Study results revealed that EPHPs have faced incidents of harassment, frustration from the public, and a lack of support from management. These matters ultimately challenged the well-being of EPHPs, placing them at increased risk of burnout, stress, and fear. Thus, it is crucial that support for mental health and reporting systems is improved for the future to ensure that EPHPs are able to meet the demands of their work. Further studies should be conducted to examine the lived experiences of EPHPs and barriers faced in more detail, including possible strategies to improve their working environments and well-being.
Beyond the absence of sleep disorder: spotlighting the cardiovascular benefits of sleep health
Authors: Simon Jenny E
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Among the objectives of preventive cardiology is the design to understand and neutralise the clinical overlap between disordered sleep and CVDs. Seldom do studies measure ‘sleep health’ beyond the absence of disease. Explored herein are the cardiovascular (CV) outcomes of sleep health on the grounds that, more than a corollary of sleep disorder research, sleep health constitutes a critical determinant of cardiac health and disease not unlike diet and physical activity. That sleep interventions can reverse the CV consequences of poor sleep habits lends credence to the notion that sleep health benefits CV health, and that the importance of sleep health percolates far beyond sleep disorder research. Overall, sleep health, and its practicable correlate: sleep hygiene, are clinical imperatives in the foreseeable future of cardiology in the 24-hour society.
El ritmo en la Literatura y el Cine
Authors: Núñez Ramos Rafael
Published: February 2022

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Ransomware risk management :
Authors: Barker William C , Fisher William , Scarfone Karen , Souppaya Murugiah
Published: February 2022

Ransomware is a type of malicious attack where attackers encrypt an organization s data and demand payment to restore access. Attackers may also steal an organization s information and demand an additional payment in return for not disclosing the information to authorities, competitors, or the public. This Ransomware Profile identifies the Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1 security objectives that support identifying, protecting against, detecting, responding to, and recovering from ransomware events. The profile can be used as a guide to managing the risk of ransomware events. That includes helping to gauge an organization s level of readiness to counter ransomware threats and to deal with the potential consequences of events.
Securing telehealth remote patient monitoring ecosystem
Authors: Cawthra Jennifer , Grayson Nakia , Pulivarti Ronald , Hodges Bronwyn , Kuruvilla Jason , Littlefield Kevin , Snyder Julie , Wang Sue , Williams Ryan , Zheng Kangmin
Published: February 2022

Increasingly, healthcare delivery organizations (HDOs) are relying on telehealth and remote patient monitoring (RPM) capabilities to treat patients at home. RPM is convenient and cost-effective, and its adoption rate has increased. However, without adequate privacy and cybersecurity measures, unauthorized individuals may expose sensitive data or disrupt patient monitoring services. RPM solutions engage multiple actors as participants in patients' clinical care. These actors include HDOs, telehealth platform providers, and the patients themselves. Each participant uses, manages, and maintains different technology components within an interconnected ecosystem, and each is responsible for safeguarding their piece against unique threats and risks associated with RPM technologies. This practice guide assumes that the HDO engages with a telehealth platform provider that is a separate entity from the HDO and patient. The telehealth platform provider manages a distinct infrastructure, applications, and set of services. The telehealth platform provider coordinates with the HDO to provision, configure, and deploy the RPM components to the patient home and assures secure communication between the patient and clinician. The NCCoE analyzed risk factors regarding an RPM ecosystem by using risk assessment based on the NIST Risk Management Framework. The NCCoE also leveraged the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, NIST Privacy Framework, and other relevant standards to identify measures to safeguard the ecosystem. In collaboration with healthcare, technology, and telehealth partners, the NCCoE built an RPM ecosystem in a laboratory environment to explore methods to improve the cybersecurity of an RPM. Technology solutions alone may not be sufficient to maintain privacy and security controls on external environments. This practice guide notes the application of people, process, and technology as necessary to implement a holistic risk mitigation strategy. This practice guide's capabilities include helping organizations assure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of an RPM solution, enhancing patient privacy, and limiting HDO risk when implementing an RPM solution.
What Do Mothers Consider When Choosing Screen Media Programs for Their Infants?
Authors: Kim Yoon Kyung , Lee Dongmee , Park Ju Hee
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to understand what factors the mothers of infants consider to be important when choosing screen media programs for their children, and to investigate whether those features differ according to maternal socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, education level, employment status, and family income). The study participants comprised 948 mothers who were the primary caregivers and had at least one child aged 4-6. They were asked to select three of the following aspects as critical criteria for determining if a given screen media program is appropriate for infants: (a) contents suitable to the child’s developmental level, (b) behaviors of characters, (c) appearance of characters, (d) visual aspects of program, (e) duration of screen media program, (f) whether the screen media program includes instructive contents, and (g) whether the program leads to opportunities for conversations among family members and activities with children. Multiple response frequency analysis and multiple response cross-analysis were used to analyze the mothers’ responses. The results revealed that the majority of the mothers reported that ‘contents suitable to the child’s developmental level’ represented the first-ranked criterion for selecting screen media programs for their child, which was followed by ‘behaviors of characters,’ and ‘whether the screen media program includes instructive contents.’ However, such criteria for screen media programs for infants differed according to maternal age, education level, employment status, and family income. These outcomes suggest that different information needs to be provided based on maternal characteristics in order to help mothers determine the quality of screen media programs for their infants.
Multimodal Word-Search Trajectories in L2 Interaction
Authors: Skogmyr Marian Klara , Pekarek Doehler Simona
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the temporal dynamics of bodily and vocal conduct in the course of L2 word searches. Based on a longitudinal dataset of L2 French conversations, we first identify a recurrent multimodal search-trajectory involving specific simultaneous and successive assemblies of hand movements/holds with gaze, and (para)verbal displays of ongoing search. We interpret these Gestalt-like trajectories as part of methodic practices through which speakers both account for breaks in progressivity and display their search as “solitary”, preempting recipient’s entry into the turn-in-progress. We then put our findings into a longitudinal perspective, showing how features of these assemblies change over time in the developmental trajectories of L2 speakers.
Deterministic secure quantum communication with double-encoded single photons
Authors: Wei Yu-Yan , Gao Zi-Kai , Wang Si-Ying , Zhu Ya-Jing , Li Tao ,   School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China,   MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Published: February 2022

Quantum communication is an important branch of quantum technology. It can safely transmit private information between legitimate parties and its unconditional security is guaranteed by quantum physics. So far, deterministic secure quantum communication without entanglement usually transmits single photons in two-way quantum channels. We propose a deterministic secure quantum communication proposal, and it requires a one-way quantum channel and a classical channel. In our protocol, a sender encodes logical bits by using two conjugate bases consisting of the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom of a photon and transmits it to a receiver over a quantum channel. Upon receiving this photon, the receiver measures it randomly in two bases and can decode the bit deterministically with the help of the sender. Any attack from eavesdroppers will be detected by the legitimate parties. Furthermore, this protocol can be implemented with linear-optic elements and single-photon detectors.
The oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 regulates the in vivo suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells
Authors: Ajouaou Yousra , Azouz Abdulkader , Taquin Anaëlle , Denanglaire Sebastien , Hussein Hind , Krayem Mohammad , Andris Fabienne , Moser Muriel , Goriely Stanislas , Leo Oberdan
Published: February 2022

The oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) plays an important role in cell hypoxia adaptation by regulating the stability of HIF proteins (HIF1α and HIF2α) in numerous cell types, including T lymphocytes. The role of oxygen sensor on immune cells, particularly on regulatory T cell (Treg) function, has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of PHD2 in the regulation of Treg phenotype and function. We demonstrate herein that selective ablation of PHD2 expression in Treg (PHD2ΔTreg mice) leads to a spontaneous systemic inflammatory syndrome, as evidenced by weight loss, development of a rectal prolapse, splenomegaly, shortening of the colon, and elevated expression of IFN-γ in the mesenteric lymph nodes, intestine, and spleen. PHD2 deficiency in Tregs led to an increased number of activated CD4 conventional T cells expressing a Th1-like effector phenotype. Concomitantly, the expression of innate-type cytokines such as Il1b, Il12a, Il12b, and Tnfa was found to be elevated in peripheral (gut) tissues and spleen. PHD2ΔTreg mice also displayed an enhanced sensitivity to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and toxoplasmosis, suggesting that PHD2-deficient Tregs did not efficiently control inflammatory response in vivo, particularly those characterized by IFN-γ production. Further analysis revealed that Treg dysregulation was largely prevented in PHD2-HIF2α (PHD2-HIF2αΔTreg mice), but not in PHD2-HIF1α (PHD2-HIF1αΔTreg mice) double KOs, suggesting an important and possibly selective role of the PHD2-HIF2α axis in the control of Treg function. Finally, the transcriptomic analysis of PHD2-deficient Tregs identified the STAT1 pathway as a target of the PHD2-HIF2α axis in regulatory T cell phenotype and in vivo function.
Diversification of multipotential postmitotic mouse retinal ganglion cell precursors into discrete types
Authors: Shekhar Karthik , Whitney Irene E , Butrus Salwan , Peng Yi-Rong , Sanes Joshua R
Published: February 2022

The genesis of broad neuronal classes from multipotential neural progenitor cells has been extensively studied, but less is known about the diversification of a single neuronal class into multiple types. We used single-cell RNA-seq to study how newly born (postmitotic) mouse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) precursors diversify into ~45 discrete types. Computational analysis provides evidence that RGC transcriptomic type identity is not specified at mitotic exit, but acquired by gradual, asynchronous restriction of postmitotic multipotential precursors. Some types are not identifiable until a week after they are generated. Immature RGCs may be specified to project ipsilaterally or contralaterally to the rest of the brain before their type identity emerges. Optimal transport inference identifies groups of RGC precursors with largely nonoverlapping fates, distinguished by selectively expressed transcription factors that could act as fate determinants. Our study provides a framework for investigating the molecular diversification of discrete types within a neuronal class.
Deep learning model for deep fake face recognition and detection
Authors: ST Suganthi , Ayoobkhan Mohamed Uvaze Ahamed , V Krishna Kumar , Bacanin Nebojsa , K Venkatachalam , Štěpán Hubálovský , Pavel Trojovský
Published: February 2022

Deep Learning is an effective technique and used in various fields of natural language processing, computer vision, image processing and machine vision. Deep fakes uses deep learning technique to synthesis and manipulate image of a person in which human beings cannot distinguish the fake one. By using generative adversarial neural networks (GAN) deep fakes are generated which may threaten the public. Detecting deep fake image content plays a vital role. Many research works have been done in detection of deep fakes in image manipulation. The main issues in the existing techniques are inaccurate, consumption time is high. In this work we implement detecting of deep fake face image analysis using deep learning technique of fisherface using Local Binary Pattern Histogram (FF-LBPH). Fisherface algorithm is used to recognize the face by reduction of the dimension in the face space using LBPH. Then apply DBN with RBM for deep fake detection classifier. The public data sets used in this work are FFHQ, 100K-Faces DFFD, CASIA-WebFace.
SMRT sequencing of full-length transcriptome and gene expression analysis in two chemical types of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Deng Wenjing , Lu Changhua , He Mengling , Yan Hanjing
Published: February 2022

Background

Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. also called patchouli, is a traditional medicinal and aromatic plant that grows mainly in Southeast Asia and China. In China, P. cablin is divided into two chemical types: the patchouliol-type and the pogostone-type. Patchouliol-type patchouli usually grow taller, with thicker stems and bigger leaves, and produce more aromatic oil.

Methods

To better understand the genetic differences between the two chemical types that contribute to their differences in morphology and biosynthetic capabilities, we constructed de novo transcriptomes from both chemical types using the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel platform and performed differential expression analysis of multiple tissues using Illumina short reads.

Results

In this study, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) long-read sequencing, we obtained 22.07 GB of clean data and 134,647 nonredundant transcripts from two chemical types. Additionally, we identified 126,576 open reading frames (ORFs), 100,638 coding sequences (CDSs), 4,106 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 6,829 transcription factors (TFs) from two chemical types of P. cablin. We adopted PacBio and Illumina sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DEGs) in three tissues of the two chemical types. More DEGs were observed in comparisons of different tissues collected from the same chemical type relative to comparisons of the same tissue collected from different chemical types. Furthormore, using KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs, we found that the most enriched biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites of the two chemical types were “terpenoid backbone biosynthesis”, “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, “sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis”, “ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis”, “flavonoid biosynthesis”, and “flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”. However, the main pathways of the patchouliol-type also included “diterpene biosynthesis” and “monoterpene biosynthesis”. Additionally, by comparing the expression levels of the three tissues verified by qRT-PCR, more DEGs in the roots were upregulated in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in the cytoplasm, but more DEGs in the leaves were upregulated in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastid, both of which are important pathways for terpenoids biosynthesis. These findings promote the study of further genome annotation and transcriptome research in P. cablin.
Geographic disparities and predictors of vaccination exemptions in Florida: a retrospective study
Authors: Tandy Corinne B. , Odoi Agricola
Published: February 2022

Background

In the United States, state-level policies requiring vaccination of school-going children constitute a critical strategy for improving vaccination coverage. However, policies allowing vaccination exemptions have also been implemented and contribute to reductions in vaccination coverage and potential increases in the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Understanding the geographic disparities in the distribution of vaccination exemptions and identifying high risk areas is necessary for guiding resource allocation and public health control strategies. This study investigated geographic disparities in vaccination exemptions as well as socioeconomic and demographic predictors of vaccination exemptions in Florida.

Methods

Vaccination exemption data were obtained from the Florida Department of Health’s Florida HealthCHARTS web interface. Spatial patterns in geographic distribution of total and non-medical vaccination exemptions were assessed using county-level choropleth maps. Negative binomial models were used to identify significant predictors of county-level risks of both total and non-medical vaccination exemptions.

Results

Total exemptions varied from 0 to 30.2 per 10,000 people. Nine counties had exemption risks in the top two classes (10.4–15.9 and 15.9–30.2 exemptions per 10,000 people). These counties were distributed in five distinct areas: Western Panhandle, central northern area, central, South-eastern coastal area, and the southern coastal border of the state. Non-medical exemptions varied from 0 to 10.4 per 10,000 people. Fifteen counties had exemption risks in the top two classes (3.7–5.6 and 5.6–10.4 exemptions per 10,000 people), and were located in six distinct areas: Western and Central Panhandle, Northeastern, Central-eastern coastal area, Central-western coastal area, and the South-western coastal border of the state. Predictors of high risk of total vaccination exemptions were high density of primary care providers (p < 0.001), high median income (p = 0.001), high percentage of Hispanic population (p = 0.046), and low percentage of population with a college education (p = 0.013). A predictor of high risk of non-medical vaccination exemptions was high percentage of White population (p = 0.045). However, predictors of low risks of non-medical exemptions were high percentages of population: living in rural areas (p = 0.023), with college education (p = 0.013), with high school education (p = 0.009), and with less than high school education (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

There is evidence of county-level geographic disparities in both total and non-medical vaccination exemption risks in Florida. These disparities are explained by differences in county-level socioeconomic and demographic factors. Study findings are important in guiding resource allocation for health planning aimed at improving vaccination rates and reducing incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases.
Butyrate promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cells migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Zang Wenli , Liu Junchao , Geng Fengxue , Liu Dongjuan , Zhang Shuwei , Li Yuchao , Pan Yaping
Published: February 2022

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common type of primary malignant tumor in the oral cavity, is a lethal disease with high recurrence and mortality rates. Butyrate, a metabolite produced by periodontal pathogens, has been linked to oral diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells in vitro and to explore the potential mechanism.

Methods

Two OSCC cell lines (HSC-4 and SCC-9) were treated with NaB at different concentrations. The cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8, ethylene deoxyuridine (EdU), and flow cytometry. Wound healing and transwell assay were performed to detect cell migration and invasion. Changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including E-cadherin, Vimentin, and SNAI1, were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescent staining. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed by qRT-PCR and gelatin zymography.

Results

Our results showed that NaB inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, but NaB significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion compared with the control group. Further mechanistic investigation demonstrated that NaB induced EMT by increasing the expression of Vimentin and SNAI1, decreasing the expression of membrane-bound E-cadherin, and correspondingly promoting E-cadherin translocation from the membrane to the cytoplasm. In addition, the overexpression of MMP1/2/9/13 was closely related to NaB treatment.

Conclusions

Our study conclude that butyrate may promote the migration and invasion of OSCC cells by inducing EMT. These findings indicate that butyrate may contribute to OSCC metastasis.
Functional network motifs defined through integration of protein-protein and genetic interactions
Authors: Sahoo Amruta , Pechmann Sebastian
Published: February 2022

Cells are enticingly complex systems. The identification of feedback regulation is critically important for understanding this complexity. Network motifs defined as small graphlets that occur more frequently than expected by chance have revolutionized our understanding of feedback circuits in cellular networks. However, with their definition solely based on statistical over-representation, network motifs often lack biological context, which limits their usefulness. Here, we define functional network motifs (FNMs) through the systematic integration of genetic interaction data that directly inform on functional relationships between genes and encoded proteins. Occurring two orders of magnitude less frequently than conventional network motifs, we found FNMs significantly enriched in genes known to be functionally related. Moreover, our comprehensive analyses of FNMs in yeast showed that they are powerful at capturing both known and putative novel regulatory interactions, thus suggesting a promising strategy towards the systematic identification of feedback regulation in biological networks. Many FNMs appeared as excellent candidates for the prioritization of follow-up biochemical characterization, which is a recurring bottleneck in the targeting of complex diseases. More generally, our work highlights a fruitful avenue for integrating and harnessing genomic network data.
Modelos e determinantes da demanda turística internacional
Authors: Camara Isabela Lima Pinheiro da , Monteiro João , Marques Osiris
Published: February 2022

O entendimento do processo de evolução das metodologias e do uso das variáveis que explicam a demanda turística é fundamental para compreender seus determinantes. Alguns estudos bibliométricos procuraram entender esse processo de evolução: Johnson e Ashworth (1990); Li, Song e Witt (2005) e Song, Qui e Park (2019). A maioria desses estudos tem se concentrado na discussão da evolução e eficiência dos modelos utilizados na análise e na previsão da demanda, dedicando pouca atenção às variáveis. Este artigo contribui para essa discussão avaliando a relação entre os modelos e as variáveis utilizadas na análise da demanda turística. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico nas principais bases de pesquisa internacional: Web of Science, Redalyc, Scielo, Spell e Publicações de Turismo, entre 2000 e 2020 (março) procurando responder duas perguntas: 1. Existe alguma relação entre a seleção dos modelos e o conjunto de variáveis utilizadas na demanda turística? 2. Existe alguma tendência na utilização de novas variáveis? O estudo constatou que, independente do modelo utilizado, a variável número de chegadas tem sido a mais utilizada para representar a demanda turística. Também foi observado que as variáveis independentes renda, preço e taxa de câmbio foram as mais recorrentes na literatura, havendo uma tendência para a incorporação de novas variáveis
Care Bundle in Reducing Surgical Site Infection in Lower Gastrointestinal Surgeries: A Retrospective Analysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ernakulam, Kerala
Authors: Afsal Sayed Mohammed , Francis Joseph , Prabha Prasobh K , Manju . , Ahamed Firoz , Priya Indu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are serious postoperative complications with significant impact on morbidity and mortality ranging from wound discharge associated with superficial skin infection to life-threatening conditions such as severe sepsis. In developed countries, guidelines for preventing SSI have been widely adopted. These evidence-based measures to prevent SSI are usually called ‘care bundles’, and multiple studies have confirmed that bundle compliance is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of SSI. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of bundle interventions in reducing SSI rate and readmission rate due to SSI. Materials and Methods: Present study was a retrospective, observational, case-control study conducted on records of 82 patients who underwent primary surgery for elective open lower gastrointestinal surgeries between January 2019-February 2020. Patients were divided into care bundle group (cases) from the concerned unit and non care bundle group (controls) from the other units of the General Surgery Department. Clinical data was obtained from the Medical Records Department and case sheets retrieved. The primary outcome was to measure the rate of superficial SSIs. Secondary outcomes included deep and organ space SSIs, wound dehiscence, postoperative sepsis, length of stay and 30-day readmission was measured. Statistical analysis were performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: In present study, total 82 patients undergoing lower gastrointestinal surgeries were included. SSI was noted in 10% from cases group and 21.4% from control group. Significant SSIs (p-value <0.001) were noted in control group. Patients with SSIs from cases group required significantly less treatment with antibiotics and daily dressing (p-value <0.001). One patient from control group required re-exploratory laparotomy for organ space SSI. In surgeries lasting for more than 120 minutes, SSI in cases group patients (5%) were less than control group (14%) and difference was statistically significant. (p-value=0.016). About 9.5% of control group patients requried readmission. Conclusion: Multimodal bundle approach for SSI prevention is an innovative way to reduce SSI burden among patients undergoing lower gastrointestinal surgeries. Simple preoperative, operative and postoperative interventions can bring down SSI incidence significantly.
Analysis of Perioperative Risk Factors for Complications Following Modified Radical Mastectomy- A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Radhakrishna Aishwarya , Suggaiah Lakkanna
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Modern therapy for the breast cancer has evolved to include both surgical and systemic therapy. The Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) is the standard treatment option for most of the patients with breast cancer. Early complications are defined here as complications occurring within 30 days after surgery. The initial complications following MRM includes wound infections, seromas, chronic pain, flap necrosis and haematomas. Aim: To study the frequency of occurrence of outcomes such as, seroma, haematoma, flap necrosis, Surgical Site Infection (SSI) following MRM and to associate the outcomes with the clinical, demographic, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Materials and Methods: The present study was a single centre longitudinal cohort study with sample size of 72. Patients who are admitted for MRM for carcinoma breast between January 2019 to January 2020 in Department of General Surgery, ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, were taken for study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data of risk factors collected were entered into a proforma. After surgery they were observed postoperatively for early complications. They were followed-up for a period of one month. Information was entered in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics comprising of mean, average, standard deviation, proportion, and percentage were used. Comparison of continuous data was done by Student's t-test and categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as significant risk factor. Results: Out of the 72 patients, who underwent MRM 27 (37.5%) developed seroma, 6 patients (8.3%) developed SSI and 9 patients (12.5%) developed flap necrosis. There was significant association between Seroma Formation (SF) and higher age (p=0.026), higher BMI (p=0.001), hypertension (p=0.004) and drain volume on day 1 (p<0.001). There was significant association between SSI and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.002), prolonged duration of drain (p=0.03). There was significant association between flap necrosis and DM (p=0.003). Conclusion: The incidence of seroma was higher in older, hypertensive and in more obese patients. It was decreased was decreased by flap fixation under muscles. The incidence of SSI and flap necrosis was higher among diabetic patients. Optimisation of glycaemia will help in reducing both.
First Trimester Combined Aneuploidy Screening for Trisomy 21: A Three Years Retrospective Study
Authors: Birla Varsha , Almeida Flavia , Christy Alap , Puranik Gururaj , Jatale Raj , Chadha Kirti
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Prenatal testing also known as maternal screening is primarily performed to screen out most common chromosomal anomalies in the foetus using maternal blood. It provides an accurate and sensitive assessment of a patient’s risk of carrying a foetus with chromosomal anomalies. Aim: To study the first trimester prenatal screening using a Foetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) certified platform to estimate the risk of foetal trisomy 21. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Global Reference Laboratory, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from January 2018 to March 2021, samples of 86118 pregnant Asian women with respect to age, the risk cut-off was set at 1:250 for trisomy 21. The study included determination of free β- human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) and PregnancyAssociated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) in maternal serum, ultrasound studies of Crown Rump Length (CRL), Nuchal Translucency (NT) and nasal bone and maternal characteristics. Concentration of biochemical parameters was expressed in Multiple of Medians (MoM) respective to gestation age. Risk assessment of trisomy 21 was analysed using lifecycle software cut-off being 1:250 at sampling. Results: The overall positive risk (high risk) for Trisomy 21 obtained was 2.58%, association with advanced maternal age, history of Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and absent nasal bone status. Biochemically, the MoMs were in accordance with published studies of mean free β-hCG MoM>1.5 and PAPP-A MoM of ≤0.6. Conclusion: This study enabled us to understand the importance of prenatal testing, a non invasive screening of chromosomal disorders like trisomy 21 which gives the advantages of early counseling and of diagnosis quite as early as in the first trimester of pregnancy. It helps in drastically reducing the use of invasive procedures associated with risk of miscarriages. It is suggested that screening for chromosomal abnormalities be offered in all antenatal women irrespective of age and parity.
Menstrual Hygiene Practices, Social Taboo Section and Attitude towards it- A Community-based Cross-sectional Study among Young Women in a Rural Area of West Bengal, India
Authors: Amin Ferdousi Fahmida , Samanta Amrita , Ghosh Santanu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: In developing countries like India, awareness about menstrual hygiene is limited among women leading to stigma, restriction of social activities and various menstrual and urogenital ill-health among women. Aim: To find out the menstrual hygiene practices, social taboos and attitude towards it among 15-24 years aged women of a rural area of West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design was conducted during September -December 2019, among 110 young women in the age group of 15-24 year residing in Amdanga community development block. Multistage sampling technique was adopted and data was collected by interviewing study subjects with a predesigned, pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 20.0). Proportion and Chi-square test were applied where applicable. The p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Nearly 80% of the study subjects used only sanitary napkins. Disposal of used pads under the soil was most common practice. Restrictions to social activities like taking part in religious activity, going outdoor, kitchen and household work were reported by 100%, 85.45%, 58.18% and 74.54% participants, respectively. A 64% of study subjects were unaware of menstruation before menarche. Statistically significant association was observed between socio-economic condition and number of sanitary pad use, (p<0.0001) and school absenteeism, (p=0.011634). Education above primary level was positively associated (p<0.00001) with awareness about menstruation before menarche. Conclusion: The study conveyed that wide spread social stigma, restrictions and poor attitude still exists in this rural community about menstruation which is affecting safe disposal of used absorbents and overall health of women.
Mental Health Mobile Applications Developed for Indigenous Communities in Canada: A Scoping Review
Authors: Noronha Noella , Avarino Ashley , Balakumar Sarmini , Toy Katherine , Smith Savanah , Wekerle Christine , Martin-Hill Dawn , Lookinghorse Makasa , Drossos Alexander , Niec Anne , Jacobs Beverley , Thomasen Kristen , Lokker Cynthia
Published: February 2022

In Canada, Indigenous populations have an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders and distress. Mental health mobile applications can provide effective, easy-to-access, and low-cost support. Examining grey literature and academic sources, this review found three mobile apps that support mental health for Indigenous communities in Canada. Implications and future directions are discussed.
XXI ExpoPPGIm 2021: Reunião Anual do Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia
Authors: Ciências Médicas e Biológicas Revista
Published: February 2022

O Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia (PPGIm) a mais de 30 anos, vem formando recursos humanos deexcelência, capacitados para as atividades de ensino e pesquisa em Imunologia e áreas correlatas, muitos já absorvidospor instituições da Bahia e de outros estados. O PPGIm tem realizado reuniões científicas visando difusão doconhecimento científico e integração acadêmica com a graduação e a pós-graduação da própria UFBA e outras IES. AExpoPPGIm, Reunião Anual do Programa, já se tornou um evento tradicional, que acontece a cada ano, com a primeiraedição no ano 2000, constituindo um fórum de integração de profissionais, pesquisadores e jovens cientistas, alunosde graduação e pós-graduação da UFBA e outras IES do Estado da Bahia, do Brasil e de outros Países com interesse noamplo domínio da Imunologia. O objetivo da ExpoPPGIm é divulgar conhecimento científico em Imunologia e áreascorrelatas, gerado localmente, na Bahia, no Brasil, e outros países, tendo como público-alvo estudantes de graduaçãoe pós-graduação, pesquisadores da UFBA e outras IES e profissionais da área. Esta XXI Edição da ExpoPPGIm em 2021foi realizada inteiramente de forma virtual e contou com a participação como palestrantes além de pesquisadores daprópria UFBA, pesquisadores vinculados a outras instituições de ensino e pesquisa da Bahia, do Brasil e do exterior,que apresentaram palestras em 6 sessões temáticas, relacionadas às linhas de pesquisa do Programa. Ainda, duranteos 3 dias do evento, discentes do Programa apresentaram e discutiram sobre seus projetos de pesquisa em desenvolvimentoatravés de vídeo-pôsteres, distribuídos em 5 sessões, e assim também contribuindo para a integraçãoacadêmica e a difusão do conhecimento científico em Imunologia e seus correlatos
Extensão universitária e Terceira Via: a “solidariedade” como ideologia
Authors: Gomes Raphael Carmesin , Oliveira Damião Bezerra
Published: February 2022

O artigo analisa a historicidade da extensão universitária nas IES mercantis, enquanto espaço de estratégia ideológica da Terceira Via, no qual se reforça o consenso para a consolidação da hegemonia burguesa. Busca compreender a principal política pública para a Extensão Universitária desenvolvida durante o governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso: o programa Comunidade Solidária. Conclui que, a partir da inserção de políticas neoliberais e da reforma do Estado brasileiro, construiu-se uma ideologia da “solidariedade” através das práticas extensionistas das IES mercantis, cujo embrião está no programa Comunidade Solidária, e que oculta o conflito de classes que emerge do capitalismo e ressalta o papel do indivíduo como o único responsável pelo seu destino.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Extensão Universitária; Solidariedade; Terceira Via; Programa da Comunidade Universitária.
A brincadeira/brincar problematizada e fundamentada em períodicos científicos da educação física no período de 2014 a 2019
Authors: Natali Marcos , Morschbacher Márcia
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa como a brincadeira/brincar é problematizada e fundamentada na produção científica em periódicos ligados à Educação Física Escolar no período de 2014 a 2019. A partir da fundamentação da psicologia histórico-cultural e da pedagogia histórico-crítica, foram analisados 18 artigos. Nestes, evidenciou-se duas tendências principais: uma abordando o desenvolvimento infantil com base na relação entre criança e sociedade e, outra, que compreende a criança como um ser livre e espontâneo. Concluiu-se que estas tendências fornecem diferentes diretrizes para a organização do trabalho pedagógico na Educação Física: a primeira evidencia o papel fundamental do professor e do ensino e, a segunda, relativiza-os.
Contra-cartografias de povos tradicionais nas mtrópoles paraenses: repertórios para um urbano amazônico plural
Authors: Cardoso Ana Claudia Duarte , Amoras Maria do Socorro , Gayoso Solange , Silva Harley
Published: February 2022

Este texto analisa dados sobre como são apropriados e gerenciados coletivamente territórios de comunidades que manifestam aspectos da transição urbano/periurbano/rural em duas regiões metropolitanas paraenses: Belém e Santarém, a partir de resultados parciais da pesquisa intitulada “Alternativas de Desenvolvimento: cartografia social de territórios de populações tradicionais do Pará e Minas Gerais”. Trata-se de uma contra-cartografia para territórios periurbanos e periféricos, construída a partir de narrativas próprias dessas comunidades. A metodologia se valeu da pesquisa participante, tomando como interlocutor e pesquisador os discentes/bolsistas da pesquisa, nativos dessas comunidades, contemplados pela política de cotas raciais, e pelos demais discentes/bolsistas e pesquisadores envolvidos com as lutas desses grupos. As primeiras investidas no campo possibilitaram mapear e compreender aspectos históricos, geográficos e socioterritoriais presentes na dinâmica da organização social e política de comunidades tradicionais (indígenas, quilombolas, ribeirinhas) e camponesas assentadas. As reflexões apontaram que esses territórios vivenciam conflitos diversos, internos e externos, e mantêm estratégias de resistência para enfrentar tensões resultantes das dimensões materiais e imateriais, provocadas por processos que desencadeiam situações de ameaças de perda do espaço habitado, abandono dos seus modos de vida e a inserção de seus membros como subalternizados na sociedade urbana. O modo como lutam para serem reconhecidos, expressa territorilidades específicas dessas comunidades, as quais desmontam visões estáticas e essencializadas acerca desses povos.
Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship of Ivymount Social Cognition Instructional Package (IvySCIP) to Similar Assessment Tools and Impact on Students with High Functioning Autism
Authors: Müller Eve , Wood Caitlin , Childress Deb , Cannon Lynn , Dardick William
Published: February 2022

Ivymount Social Cognition Instructional Project (IvySCIP) supports teachers and related service providers to implement data-driven social and emotional learning (SEL) instruction for their kindergarten through 5th grade students with social cognition challenges, especially those with high functioning autism spectrum disorders (HF-ASD). Based on comprehensive assessment of students’ SEL strengths and needs, IvySCIP identifies instructional priority areas, generates individualized education plan (IEP) goal recommendations, and enables SEL progress monitoring. In order to begin establishing the psychometric properties of the IvySCIP strengths and needs assessment, we examined correlations between participants’ scores on IvySCIP and their scores on similar tools. As predicted, strong correlations emerged between IvySCIP and other tools. We also examined the impact of using IvySCIP over a 20 week period to facilitate SEL in students with HF-ASD. IvySCIP was piloted with 53 instructor/student pairs broken into two groups. The first group received 20 weeks of access to IvySCIP and the latter received 10 weeks of access. While pilot study outcomes suggested that there were no significant differences between the groups, all students made significant SEL progress over the course of the 20 week study as measured by IvySCIP and similar tools. Social validation surveys indicated that instructors perceived IvySCIP to be innovative, valuable, and an effective means of improving SEL instruction for students.
Interaction between ErbB‐1 and ErbB‐2 transmembrane domains in bilayer membranes
Authors: Sharpe Simon , Barber Kathryn R. , Grant Chris W.M.
Published: July 2002

The transmembrane domains of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases are monotopic helical structures proposed to be capable of direct side‐to‐side contact with related receptors. Formation of the resulting homo‐ or hetero‐oligomeric complexes is considered a key step in ligand‐mediated signalling. ErbB‐2, which has not been observed to form active homo‐dimers in a ligand dependent manner, has been implicated as an important partner for formation of hetero‐dimers with other ErbB receptors. Recent work has shown that the ErbB‐2 transmembrane domain is capable of forming homo‐oligomeric species in lipid bilayers, while a similar domain from ErbB‐1 appears to have a lesser tendency to such interactions. Here, 2H nuclear magnetic resonance was used to investigate the role of the ErbB‐2 transmembrane domain in hetero‐oligomerisation with that of ErbB‐1. At low total concentrations of peptide in the membrane, ErbB‐2 transmembrane domains were found to decrease the mobility of corresponding ErbB‐1 domains. The results are consistent with the existence of direct transmembrane domain involvement in hetero‐oligomer formation within the ErbB receptor family.
Implantable left ventricular assist systems (LVAS): Recent results. A report from a series of meetings sponsored by the Study Group on Advanced Heart Failure of the Working Group on Heart Failure
Authors: Mohacsi Paul , Deng Mario C. , Murphy Richard , Bergh Claes‐Håkan , Gronda Edoardo , Komajda Michel , Pacher Richard , Spinar Jindrich , Swedberg Karl , Cleland John F.
Published: July 2002

Implantable left ventricular assist systems (LVAS) consist of implantable pumps with small control consoles and power sources that can be worn externally. These systems provide far greater patient mobility and independence than external pumps with bulky control consoles. Patients with implantable LVAS can be discharged from hospital and are able to return to work and resume active sports. Most patients have received these systems as a bridge to heart transplantation. Clinical status and quality of life improve dramatically after device implantation and survival on support (60–70% after approx. 100 days of support) is acceptable compared with transplant candidates on medical therapy. Patient selection and adverse events, primarily bleeding, thromboembolism and infection, are important issues with LVAS. In the future, long‐term support and bridging to myocardial recovery may become important indications for LVAS.
Intravenous inotropic agents in the intensive therapy unit: do they really make a difference?
Authors: Opasich Cristina , Russo Alessandra , Mingrone Renato , Zambelli Mara , Tavazzi Luigi
Published: July 2002

Part of the management of refractory heart failure is treatment aimed at preventing organ damage due to inadequate oxygen delivery, improving hemodynamics, and maximizing cardiac output while maintaining only mildly elevated ventricular filling pressures The aim of this paper is to review the most updated indications on intravenous inotropic agents, and to compare their cardiac and peripheral effects. Finally, clinical implications of their use (alone or in combination) are reviewed.
Supercritical Fluids Are Superior Media for Catalysis by Cross‐Linked Enzyme Microcrystals of Subtilisin Carlsberg
Authors: Fontes Nuno , Almeida M. Conceição , Garcia Silvia , Peres Célia , Partridge Johann , Halling Peter J. , Barreiros Susana
Published: July 2002

We report on the performance of cross‐linked enzyme microcrystals (CLECs) of subtilisin Carlsberg in supercritical fluids (SC‐fluids). The catalytic activity of CLECs in SC‐ethane was found to be 2‐ to 10‐fold greater than in hexane under the same conditions, using CLECs dried by propanol washing. Air‐dried CLECs and lyophilized powders showed much lower activities, reflecting the same hydration hysteresis effects as in organic solvents. Reaction rates were much lower in SC‐CO2, especially at higher water activity, probably as a result of acid‐base effects of carbonic acid on the enzyme.