bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A note on the Winterbottom shape
Authors: Kreutz Leonard , Schmidt Bernd
Published: December 2024

In this short note, we review results on equilibrium shapes of minimizers to the sessile drop problem. More precisely, we study the Winterbottom problem and prove that the Winterbottom shape is indeed optimal. The arguments presented here are based on relaxation and the (anisotropic) isoperimetric inequality.
“Embodying” the Intellectual: Edward Said, Public Sphere and the University
Authors: Varghese Jonathan Koshy
Published: December 2024

This essay delves into a pivotal incident where Edward Said’s Palestinian identity collided with entrenched conservative American values, revealing the dichotomy of his dual role as a Columbia University professor and outspoken advocate for Palestinian statehood. The catalyst was a provocative article, “Edward Said Accused of Stoning in South Lebanon,” from the Columbia Daily Spectator. Said, renowned for his incisive critique of Western depictions of the East and the global dissemination of “orientalism,” brazenly condemned American foreign policy, particularly its support for Israel’s colonial expansion. I examine the episode’s portrayal in the New York Times and Columbia Daily Spectator, highlighting Edward Said’s seemingly conflicting intellectual legacy. Drawing from his essays like “On Nelson Mandela, and Others” (1994), “Homage to a Belly Dancer” (1990), and the memoir “Out of Place” (1999), I explore Said’s views on the public intellectual’s role in America. This investigation probes whether Said’s public identity aligns with his academic persona, and how visibility shapes his concept of the “public.” It questions if public intellectuals can maintain autonomy within academia or if they inevitably conform to university norms.
A review of extensible continuum robots: mechanical structure, actuation methods, stiffness variability, and control methods
Authors: Alandoli Esmail Ali , Fan Yeman , Liu Dikai
Published: December 2024

Extensible continuum robots (ECRs) offer distinct advantages over conventional continuum robots due to their ability to enhance workspace adaptability through length adjustments. This makes ECRs particularly promising for applications that require variable lengths involving the manipulation of objects in challenging environments, such as risky, cluttered, or confined. The development of ECRs necessitates careful consideration of mechanical structures, actuation methods, methods of stiffness variability, and control methods. The selection of papers is based on their relevance to ECRs within the period of 2010 to 2023 in the databases of Scopus and Web of Science. Distinguishing itself from other review papers, this paper aims to deliver a comprehensive and critical discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of ECRs concerning their mechanical structures, actuation methods, stiffness variability, and control methods. It is a beneficial resource for researchers and engineers interested in ECRs, providing essential insights to guide future developments in this field. Based on the literature, existing ECRs exhibit an inherent trade-off between flexibility and structural strength due to the absence of systematic design methods. Additionally, there is a lack of intelligent and effective controllers for achieving complex control performance and autonomous stiffness variability.
D-MEANDS-MD: an improved evolutionary algorithm with memory and diversity strategies applied to a discrete, dynamic, and many-objective optimization problem
Authors: Lafetá Thiago Fialho de Queiroz , Martins Luiz G. A. , Oliveira Gina M. B.
Published: December 2024

Several real-world optimization problems are dynamic and involve a number of objectives. Different researches using evolutionary algorithms focus on these characteristics, but few works investigate problems that are both dynamic and many-objective. Although widely investigated in formulations with multiple objectives, the evolutionary approaches are still challenged by the dynamic multiobjective optimization problems defining a relevant research topic. Some models have been proposed specifically to attack them as the well-known DNSGA-II and MS-MOEA algorithms, which have been extensively investigated on formulations with two or three objectives. Recently, the D-MEANDS algorithm was proposed for dynamic many-objective problems (DMaOPs). In a previous work, D-MEANDS was confronted to DNSGA-II and MS-MOEA solving dynamic many-objective scenarios of the knapsack problem: up to six objectives with five changes or four objectives with ten changes. In this work, we evaluate the behavior of such algorithms in instances up to eight objectives and twenty environmental changes. These enabled us to better understand D-MEANDS weak points which led us to the proposition of D-MEANDS-MD. The proposal offers a better balance between memory and diversity. We also included a more recent MOEA in this comparison: the DDIS-MOEA/D-DE. From the results obtained using 27 instances of the dynamic multiobjective knapsack problem, D-MEANDS-MD showed promise for solving discrete DMaOPs compared with the others.
The Relationship between Parenting Styles, Child’s Gender, and Gender-Shift Use in Arabic Child-Directed Speech
Authors: Khamis Dakwar Reem , Tarabeh Gubair
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the interrelationship between gender-shift in child-directed speech (CDS), child gender, and parenting styles among Arabic-speaking caregivers. A survey of 180 Palestinian parents assessed their parenting styles and reported use of gender-shift in relation to their child’s gender. The findings reveal no significant correlation between gender-shift and child’s gender. However, a positive association exists between gender-shift and indulgence, a characteristic of permissive parenting, while a negative correlation is seen with autonomy granting, regulation, and warmth/support, central to authoritative parenting. These results highlight the need for detailed analysis of parenting dimensions towards deeper understanding of the role of gender-shift use in Arabic CDS, suggesting that broader parenting style categories might overlook crucial differences. The study emphasizes the importance of culturally and linguistically sensitive, interprofessional approaches in language development research, especially in relatively unexplored areas like CDS, while also acknowledging the complexities of exploring such relatively unexamined areas.
Understanding Older Adults’ Experiences with Cannabis for Medicinal Purposes: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Butler Jeffrey I. , Toubiana Madeline , Shrestha Shovana , Baskerville Kelly , Devkota Rashmi , Hunter Kathleen F. , Kalogirou Maya R. , Law Joanna , Scheuerman Melissa
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of older medicinal cannabis consumers and those advising them on older Canadians’ experiences accessing cannabis and information about it, as well as how stigma may influence their experiences. A concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was used. The design was qualitatively driven and involved conducting semi-structured interviews with older adults and advisors and developing a survey for older adults. We used a Qualitative Descriptive approach for the analysis of qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative survey data. Findings demonstrate that many older adults are accessing information about cannabis for medical purposes from retailers, either because they are reticent to talk to their healthcare professionals or were rebuffed when bringing up the subject. We recommend cannabis education be required for healthcare professionals working with older persons and that future research examines their perspectives on medicinal cannabis and older adults.
“I have an image of myself, it’s strong and resilient”: Assets Supporting Resilience of Older Adults and Their Communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oostlander Samantha A , Joanisse Camille , Garcia Linda , Mulvey Michael S , Lagacé Martine , Fraser Sarah , Bélanger-Hardy Louise , Robitaille Annie , Gillis Margaret , Courtemanche Jill , O’Sullivan Tracey L
Published: December 2024

Despite societal perceptions of older adults as vulnerable, literature on resilience suggests that exposure to adversity and resources gained with life experience contribute to adaptation. One way to explore the nature of resilience is to document assets supporting adaptation. Interviews were conducted with older adults living in Canada at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic, September 2020–May 2021 (T1) and January–August 2022 (T2). Reflexive thematic analysis was completed to report on what older adults identified as assets and how they understood the value of those assets for resilience. Participants indicated that the potential value of their contributions went largely untapped at the level of the community but supported individual and household adaptation. In line with calls for an all-of-society approach to reduce disaster risk and support resilience, creating a culture of inclusivity that recognizes the potential contributions of older adults should be paired with opportunities for action.
Analysis of a model describing bacterial colony expansion in radial geometry driven by chemotaxis
Authors: Espejo Elio
Published: December 2024

We investigate a recent model proposed in the literature elucidating patterns driven by chemotaxis, similar to viscous fingering phenomena. Notably, this model incorporates a singular advection term arising from a modified formulation of Darcy’s law. It is noteworthy that this type of advection can also be well interpreted as a description of a radial fluid flow source surrounding an aggregation of cells. For the two-dimensional scenario, we establish a precise threshold delineating between blow-up and global solution existence. This threshold is contingent upon the pressure magnitude and the initial total mass of the aggregating cells.
What is schizophrenia – symptomatology
Authors: Striebel Joan M.
Published: December 2024

Schizophrenia is a highly heterogenous disorder with substantial interindividual variation in how the illness is experienced and how it presents clinically. The disorder is composed of primary symptom clusters—positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization, neurocognitive deficits, and social cognitive impairments. These, along with duration, severity, and excluding other possible etiologies, comprise the diagnostic criteria for the disorder outlined in the two commonly used diagnostic classification systems—the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. These primary symptoms as well as accessory symptoms (mood disturbances, anxiety, violence) and comorbidities (substance use, suicidality) bear upon each other to varying degrees and impact functional outcomes. The following review presents two patient cases illustrating the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia, the natural history of the illness and diagnosis, followed by the current understanding of the primary symptom clusters, accessory symptoms, and comorbidities. In addition to noting symptom prevalence, onset, and change over time, attention is paid to the impact of symptoms on functional outcome.
On expanding accountability in the study of genitive variation: a reply to Biber, Szmrecsanyi, Reppen & Larsson (2023)
Authors: ROSENBACH ANETTE
Published: December 2024

Biber, Szmrecsanyi, Reppen & Larsson (2023) argue for a more liberal inclusion of genitive variants, evoking Labov's principle of accountability (Labov 1969: 737–8, fn. 20, 1972), which calls for the inclusion of all variants that are functionally equivalent and allow variation. They suggest that the term ‘genitive’ should be defined grammatically, as a restrictive modifier to the head noun, rather than semantically in terms of a possessive relation, thus redefining the linguistic variable for English genitive variation. In particular, they include noun modifiers as a third genitive variant (with s-genitives and of-genitives). In this reply I argue that the authors proceed from a notion of ‘genitive’ that is too broad, including variants that are not functionally equivalent and contexts that are not variable, thus actually violating the principle of accountability.
Dworkin on Ordinary Language Philosophy and Legal Principles before the “Hart–Dworkin Debate”
Authors: Burry Samuel
Published: December 2024

The work of Ronald Dworkin was central to the development of twentieth-century anglophone legal philosophy. This article offers the first discussion of a previously unknown and unpublished book manuscript by Dworkin which shows that he initially grounded his early legal thought in a wide-ranging methodological framework centered on ordinary language philosophy. Amidst heated debates over the draft for the Vietnam War, Dworkin developed a modified version of ordinary language analysis which, he contended, facilitated a critical stance towards what he called “conventional morality.” In this light, the widely acknowledged influence of the legal process school on Dworkin's early work appears as a transition from an earlier engagement with ordinary language philosophy. I conclude by tracing how Dworkin shifted towards the legal process school and how this reshaped the theoretical ambitions of his legal thought.
Moneyball: Studying Effects of Ostracism on Both Targets and Voluntary Sources
Authors: Werner Benedikt , Mill Wladislaw , Hariskos Wasilios
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This study develops and employs a novel paradigm called “Moneyball” – a modification of the “Cyberball” framework with monetary incentives – to simultaneously examine the consequences of ostracism on both targets and sources in an interactive and deception-free environment ( N = 504 university students). Validating the paradigm, we observe comparable detrimental impacts on targets’ need satisfaction and mood to those observed in nonincentivized studies. Sources experienced some positive effects on belonging, meaningful existence, and control but suffered a decline in self-esteem and mood. Both sources and targets allocated less money to group members than inclusive participants, even when financial equality was maintained. Thus, Moneyball offers a viable method to examine voluntary social exclusion in a unified framework.
Advancing wavefront sensing: meta Shack-Hartmann sensor enhances phase imaging
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Geng Zihan , Chen Mu Ku
Published: December 2024

A meta-lens array-based Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor has been developed to break the limits imposed by the size and curvature of traditional micro-lenses, which significantly improves both sampling density and angular resolution of phase measurement. Metasurface advances the field of optical phase measurement to smaller-scale complex wavefront characterization.
Approximating the semantic space: word embedding techniques in psychiatric speech analysis
Authors: Palominos Claudio , He Rui , Fröhlich Karla , Mülfarth Rieke Roxanne , Seuffert Svenja , Sommer Iris E. , Homan Philipp , Kircher Tilo , Stein Frederike , Hinzen Wolfram
Published: December 2024

Large language models provide high-dimensional representations (embeddings) of word meaning, which allow quantifying changes in the geometry of the semantic space in mental disorders. A pattern of a more condensed (‘shrinking’) semantic space marked by an increase in mean semantic similarity between words has been recently documented in psychosis across several languages. We aimed to explore this pattern further in picture descriptions provided by a transdiagnostic German sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (n = 42), major depression (MDD, n = 43), and healthy controls (n = 44). Compared to controls, both clinical groups showed more restricted dynamic navigational patterns as captured by the time series of semantic distances crossed, while also showing differential patterns in the total distances and trajectories navigated. These findings demonstrate alterations centred on the dynamics of the flow of meaning across the semantic space in SSD and MDD, preserving previous indications towards a shrinking semantic space in both cases.
Design and synthesis of PDSPTCF as an influential Brønsted-Lewis acidic catalyst for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazines
Authors: Ghribi Wade , Al-ibadi Muhsen , Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Kumar M. Ravi , Jadeja Yashwantsinh , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Chahar Mamata , Verma Rajni , Sapaev I. B. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: December 2024

Initially, 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)di(sulfonic)pyridinium tetrachloroferrate (PDSPTCF) as a novel organic–inorganic hybrid salt was synthesized and identified by elemental mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, and thermal gravimetric (TG) techniques. Then, the catalytic performance of this hybrid salt was assessed for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives via one-pot multicomponent domino reaction (MDR) of benzene-1,2-diamine, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and aldehydes under optimal conditions (70 °C, solvent-free, 5 mol% PDSPTCF) in short reaction times and high yields. Highly efficacy of the PDSPTCF for the production of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines can be assigned to the synergistic effect of Lewis and Brønsted acids, and having two positions of each acid (i.e., FeCl4ˉ and –SO3H). In addition, this catalyst showed good reproducibility with six cycles of recycling.
A feasibility study using quantitative and interpretable histological analyses of celiac disease for automated cell type and tissue area classification
Authors: Griffin Michael , Gruver Aaron M. , Shah Chintan , Wani Qasim , Fahy Darren , Khosla Archit , Kirkup Christian , Borders Daniel , Brosnan-Cashman Jacqueline A. , Fulford Angie D. , Credille Kelly M. , Jayson Christina , Najdawi Fedaa , Gottlieb Klaus
Published: December 2024

Histological assessment is essential for the diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Current scoring systems, including modified Marsh (Marsh–Oberhuber) score, lack inter-pathologist agreement. To address this unmet need, we aimed to develop a fully automated, quantitative approach for histology characterisation of celiac disease. Convolutional neural network models were trained using pathologist annotations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsies of celiac disease mucosa and normal duodenum to identify cells, tissue and artifact regions. Biopsies of duodenal mucosa of varying celiac disease severity, and normal duodenum were collected from a large central laboratory. Celiac disease slides (N = 318) were split into training (n = 230; 72.3%), validation (n = 60; 18.9%) and test (n = 28; 8.8%) datasets. Normal duodenum slides (N = 58) were similarly divided into training (n = 40; 69.0%), validation (n = 12; 20.7%) and test (n = 6; 10.3%) datasets. Human interpretable features were extracted and the strength of their correlation with Marsh scores were calculated using Spearman rank correlations. Our model identified cells, tissue regions and artifacts, including distinguishing intraepithelial lymphocytes and differentiating villous epithelium from crypt epithelium. Proportional area measurements representing villous atrophy negatively correlated with Marsh scores (r =  − 0.79), while measurements indicative of crypt hyperplasia positively correlated (r = 0.71). Furthermore, features distinguishing celiac disease from normal duodenum were identified. Our novel model provides an explainable and fully automated approach for histology characterisation of celiac disease that correlates with modified Marsh scores, potentially facilitating diagnosis, prognosis, clinical trials and treatment response monitoring.
Echo state networks for modeling turbulent convection
Authors: Sharifi Ghazijahani Mohammad , Cierpka Christian
Published: December 2024

Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) is one of the very prominent examples of chaos in fluid dynamics with significant relevance in nature. Meanwhile, Echo State Networks (ESN) are among the most fundamental machine learning algorithms suited for modeling sequential data. The current study conducts reduced order modeling of experimental RBC. The ESN successfully models the flow qualitatively. Even for this highly turbulent flow, it is challenging to distinguish predictions from the ground truth. The statistical convergence of the ESN goes beyond the velocity values and is represented in secondary aspects of the flow dynamics, such as spatial and temporal derivatives and vortices. Finally, ESN’s main hyperparameters show values for best performance in strong relation to the flow dynamics. These findings from both the fluid dynamics and computer science perspective set the ground for future informed design of ESNs to tackle one of the most challenging problems in nature: turbulence.
Development of a novel gut microphysiological system that facilitates assessment of drug absorption kinetics in gut
Authors: Imaoka Tomoki , Onuki-Nagasaki Reiko , Kimura Hiroshi , Tai Kempei , Ishii Mitsuharu , Nozue Ayaka , Kaisaki Ikuko , Hoshi Misa , Watanabe Kengo , Maeda Kazuya , Kamizono Takashi , Yoshioka Takahiro , Fujimoto Takashi , Satoh Taku , Nakamura Hiroko , Ando Osamu , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Ito Yuzuru
Published: December 2024

There is an urgent need for novel methods that can accurately predict intestinal absorption of orally administered drugs in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a novel gut microphysiological system (MPS), gut MPS/Fluid3D-X, to assess the intestinal absorption of drugs in humans. The gut MPS/Fluid3D-X model was constructed using a newly developed flow-controllable and dimethylpolysiloxane-free MPS device (Fluid3D-X®). Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived small intestinal epithelial cells were employed in this model, which exhibited key characteristics of the human absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine, including the expression of key gene transcripts responsible for drug transport and metabolism, and the presence of dome-like protrusions in the primary intestinal epithelium under air-liquid interface culture conditions. Functional studies of transporters in the constructed model demonstrated basal-to-apical directional transport of sulfasalazine and quinidine, substrates of the active efflux transporters breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein, respectively, which were diminished by inhibitors. Furthermore, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor increased the apical-to-basal transport of midazolam, a typical CYP3A4 substrate, and reduced metabolite formation. These results suggest that gut MPS/Fluid3D-X has the potential to assess the intestinal absorption of small-molecule drugs.
Experimental and computational analysis of hybrid fiber metal laminates for vibration behavior in marine structural applications
Authors: Pai Anand , Rodriguez-Millan Marcos , Ming Tse Kwong , Hegde Sriharsha , R. Kini Chandrakant , Shenoy Satish B.
Published: December 2024

Structural advancements in underwater vehicle design necessitate lightweight materials, driving interest in Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs), known for their high specific strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. This study investigates the vibration response of FMLs through combined experimental and numerical analyses, specifically evaluating the novel effects of layerwise acoustic impedance matching on vibration damping within the 0-500 Hz frequency range, which aligns with ocean current frequencies. Various FML stackup sequences were characterized through ASTM E756-05 compliant experiments and ANSYS Harmonic Response simulations. Notably, the introduction of paperboard-epoxy ply results in a rightward shift in natural frequencies, while the exclusion of the metallic face ply leads to a leftward shift across different stackups. Moderate agreement between experimental and numerical results for material modulus highlights the robustness of our findings. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for leveraging FMLs in submersible hulls, underscoring their potential for enhanced vibration-damping characteristics in marine environments.
Probabilistic regression for autonomous terrain relative navigation via multi-modal feature learning
Authors: Kim Ickbum , Singh Sandeep
Published: December 2024

The extension of human spaceflight across an ever-expanding domain, in conjunction with intricate mission architectures demands a paradigm shift in autonomous navigation algorithms, especially for the powered descent phase of planetary landing. Deep learning architectures have previously been explored to perform low-dimensional localization with limited success. Due to the expectations regarding novel algorithms in the context of real missions, the proposed approaches must be rigorously evaluated in extraneous scenarios and demonstrate sufficient robustness. In the current work, a novel formulation is proposed to train CNN-based Deep Learning (DL) models in a multi-layer cascading architecture and utilize the resulting classification probabilities as regression weights to estimate the position of the lander spacecraft. The approach leverages image intensity and depth data provided by multiple sensors on board to accurately determine the spacecraft’s location relative to the observed terrain at a specific altitude. Navigation performance is validated through Monte Carlo analysis, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed DL architecture and the subsequent state-estimation framework across several simulated scenarios. It shows tremendous promise in extending the multi-modal feature learning approach to realistic missions.
Intensive care unit-acquired dysphagia – change in feeding route after a standardized dysphagia assessment in neurocritical care patients
Authors: Reitz Sarah Christina , Marly Joanna , Neef Vanessa , Konczalla Jürgen , Czabanka Marcus , Grefkes-Hermann Christian , Foerch Christian , Lapa Sriramya
Published: December 2024

Background: Dysphagia is a frequent finding on intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with increased reintubation rates, pneumonia, and prolonged ICU-stay. Only a limited numbers of ICUs have access to a Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP). Hence, it falls upon the critical care team to estimate dysphagia risk and define the safest feeding route. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate if the feeding route established by the ICU-team is changed after a standardized dysphagia assessment (DA) by an SLP. Furthermore, we tried to identify predictors for the need of a SLP assessment looking at the change in feeding route (CIFR) after DA. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients consecutively admitted for at least 48 h in 2018, to the ICU of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Following variables were assessed: Referral to an SLP, feeding route before and after DA by an SLP, main diagnosis, and ventilation parameters. Results: From 497 included patients (65 years, IQR 51–77), 148 received a DA, confirming dysphagia in 125 subjects. DA by the SLP resulted in a significant CIFR, with 32 (21.6%) subjects receiving stricter diets, and in 29 (19.6%) cases a reduction of dietary recommendations. 50 patients lacked readiness for oral intake due to severely affected oral phase or reduced consciousness. Conclusion: Dysphagia is a frequent finding in the Neuro-ICU. Assessment of dysphagia-risk and safest feeding route differ significantly between the SLP and the critical care team. Besides implementation of standardized operating procedures for DA, the presence of ICU-specific trained SLP should be mandatory.
Effect of anchor shear deformation on the propagation rules of excitation stress waves
Authors: Li Chuanming , Li Chuan , Nie Bochao , Han Qinghua , Cao Jianguo
Published: December 2024

To address the shear deformation failure resulting from misalignment of rock strata in anchor support, a range of methods, including laboratory tests, numerical simulation, and others, are employed to study the deformation process of anchor rods under shear comprehensively. This approach permits an investigation of the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and anchoring agent under shear. Moreover, the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the anchor rods under shear with varying degrees of deformation have been elucidated. A novel non-destructive testing method for assessing the degree of shear deformation in anchor rods is proposed based on the correlation between the energy evolution law of the stress wave and the degree of anchor deformation. Following experimental verification, it was determined that the average discrepancy between the detection outcomes of the stress wave method and the actual measurement results was minimal and consistent. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the non-destructive testing of anchor rod shear deformation under on-site support conditions.
Reimbursement in the age of generalist radiology artificial intelligence
Authors: Dogra Siddhant , Silva Ezequiel “Zeke” , Rajpurkar Pranav
Published: December 2024

We argue that generalist radiology artificial intelligence (GRAI) challenges current healthcare reimbursement frameworks. Unlike narrow AI tools, GRAI’s multi-task capabilities render existing pathways inadequate. This perspective examines key questions surrounding GRAI reimbursement, including issues of coding, valuation, and coverage policies. We aim to catalyze dialogue among stakeholders about how reimbursement might evolve to accommodate GRAI, potentially influencing AI reimbursement strategies in radiology and beyond.
The interplay between hydrogen bonds and stacking/T-type interactions in molecular cocrystals
Authors: Cruz-Cabeza Aurora J. , Spackman Peter R. , Hall Amy V.
Published: December 2024

Supramolecular synthon and hydrogen bond pairing approaches have influenced the understanding of cocrystal formation for decades, but are hydrogen bonds really the dominant interaction in cocrystals? To investigate this, an extensive analysis of 1:1 two-component cocrystals in the Cambridge Structural Database was undertaken, revealing that stacking and T-type interactions are just as, if not more important than hydrogen bonds in molecular cocrystals. A total of 84% of the most common coformers in the dataset are aromatic. When analysing cocrystal dimers, only 20% consist of solely strong hydrogen bonds, with over 50% of contacts involving stacking and T-type interactions. Combining interaction strength and frequency, both hydrogen bond and stacking/T-type interactions contribute equally to the stabilisation of cocrystal lattices. Therefore, we state that crystal engineering and cocrystal design concepts of the future should not solely revolve around supramolecular synthon pairing via hydrogen bonds, but instead consider optimising both hydrogen bonding and stacking/T-type interactions.
Quantifying the rear side contribution in bifacial tandem-photovoltaic devices
Authors: Chojniak D. , Steiner M. , Reichmuth S. K. , Schmid A. , Siefer G. , Hooper S. , Bushnell D. , Kirk D. , Case C. , Glunz S. W.
Published: December 2024

Based on simulation and outdoor measurement results the bifaciality effects are quantified for a bifacial perovskite on silicon tandem device.
Terrestrial and marine sources of ice nucleating particles in the Eurasian Arctic
Authors: Li Guangyu , Welti André , Rocchi Arianna , Fogwill Germán Pérez , Dall'Osto Manuel , Kanji Zamin A.
Published: December 2024

Biogenic ice nucleating particles (INPs) are key over the Arctic Ocean. Significant links between marine biogenic activity, aerosolization, and INP abundance are highlighted, advancing our understanding of ice nucleation for Arctic clouds.
Starch-assisted facile gel formation method for the synthesis of Fe–Mn binary oxide for the simultaneous removal of As(iii) and As(v)
Authors: Azim Anwarul , Alam Khan Md. Minhajul , Saha Shawon , Roy Hridoy , Reaz Akter Hossain , Ullah A. K. M. Atique , Firoz Shakhawat H.
Published: December 2024

A green, starch-facilitated gel-based method has been developed for synthesizing Fe–Mn binary oxide with effective arsenic removal capabilities.
An automatic segmentation and quantification method for austenite and ferrite phases in duplex stainless steel based on deep learning
Authors: Che Lun , He Zhongping , Zheng Kaiyuan , Xu Xiaotian , Zhao Feng
Published: December 2024

Deep learning framework for austenitic ferrite segmentation using electron microscope images. Preprocessing and data enhancement enable accurate grain detection in Fe–C–Mn–Al alloys with a novel quantification method.
A step towards non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes mellitus using in situ synthesized MOF–MXene hybrid material with extended gate field-effect transistor integration
Authors: Matada Mallikarjuna Swamy Shabanur , Ghuge Rahul Suresh , Jayaraman Surya Velappa , Di Natale Corrado , Sivalingam Yuvaraj
Published: December 2024

Integration of MOF-MXene hybrid material into an EGFET configuration for enzyme-free and non-invasive glucose detection to diagnose diabetes mellitus.
Structural engineering of glass for regulating chemical surroundings of dopants
Authors: Gao Yuan , Jiang Yikang , Lu Xiaosong , Yang Zhiyong
Published: December 2024

Here, to regulate the PL efficiency of dopants, we developed a novel method for regulating the chemical surroundings of dopants by modulating the network structure of the glass matrix, including composition and controlled nanocrystallization.
A quantum anomalous Hall effect in novel two-dimensional structure Ta2Se3
Authors: Tang Yanghao , Du Ao , Kuang Long , Yang Ting , Qiu Shi , Cai Jinming , Yan Cuixia
Published: December 2024

We report a 2D honeycomb-Kagome structure material with an intrinsic quantum anomalous Hall effect in the monolayer structure and an electric field-induced layer Hall effect in the bilayer structure.
“Competing Noises”: How Background Noise Impacts the Communication Experiences of People With Mild-to-Moderate Aphasia
Authors: Harmon Tyson G. , Hegewald Riley , Dromey Christopher
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to explore the subjective experiences of people with aphasia when communicating in the presence of various types of background noise. We hypothesized that (a) people with aphasia would report greater perceived effort and stress than controls when talking in noise, (b) perceived effort and stress would be greater in noise than silence, and (c) people with aphasia would describe more negative reactions to communicating in noise than controls.

Method:

Eleven people with aphasia and 11 age- and gender-matched controls retold stories in a baseline silent condition and five background noise conditions (pink noise, cocktail party, monologue, one-sided phone call, and conversation) and rated their perceived effort and stress after each story. Participants then described their experience in a semistructured interview. Perceived effort and stress ratings were analyzed statistically using quantitative methods. Interview data were analyzed qualitatively.

Results:

Quantitative findings showed that people with aphasia reported significantly greater perceived effort and stress than controls. Across groups, phone call, conversation, and monologue conditions were perceived as either more effortful or stressful than the silent baseline condition. Although both participant groups discussed cognitive and emotional challenges and strategies related to talking in noise, qualitative findings showed distinct difficulties for people with aphasia. Specifically, unlike controls, participants with aphasia mentioned difficulty ignoring background noise, decreased processing speed, fatigue, negative emotional reactions, deliberately focusing, slowing down/taking breaks, and consciously regulating their emotions.

Conclusions:

Although aphasia therapy often occurs in quiet clinic environments, everyday communication does not. The increased perceived difficulty that people with aphasia have for coping with background noise should be acknowledged, and training should be designed to prepare people with aphasia to communicate in noisy environments.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27893445
A perspective on the environmental impact of plant-based protein concentrates and isolates
Authors: Aimutis William R. , Shirwaiker Rohan
Published: December 2024

Plant-based proteins are promoted as nutritious, environmentally safe, and a key element for food security. Numerous studies using environmental life cycle assessments confirmed plant-based meat alternatives are more environmentally favorable than animal-derived meat. However, most missed other factors from protein extraction and concentration that contribute to environmental impact (both positive and negative). Furthermore, few studies examined the entire environmental impact because they overlooked social and nutritional life cycle assessments. Many publications assumed most environmental impact occurred in crop cultivation before high protein products are manufactured. However, industrial plant-based protein extraction, concentration, and purification require large amounts of natural resources, energy, chemicals, and highly specialized equipment seldom accurately assessed from an environmental, social, and nutritional perspective. This paper presents opinions and perspectives on additional information to consider to fully realize environmental benefits of highly proteinaceous plant-based food ingredients. Elements are also discussed we perceive as “hot spots” for future assessments in presenting a complete picture for minimizing environmental impact and how the numerous actors in this supply chain can transform our food system and secure protein availability for future generations.
Animal-sourced foods improve child nutrition in Africa
Authors: Khonje Makaiko G. , Qaim Matin
Published: December 2024

Child undernutrition remains a widespread public health problem in the Global South, especially in Africa. Childhood stunting—meaning linear growth retardation—is a comprehensive and commonly used indicator of chronic child undernutrition and is mostly the result of insufficient nutrient intake, among other factors. Previous research showed that the consumption of animal-sourced foods (ASF), including meat, dairy, eggs, and fish, is associated with lower rates of child stunting, but reliable evidence for Africa is scant. In Africa, average ASF consumption is low. We use representative panel data from five African countries—Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda—with over 32,000 observations from children aged 0 to 5 y to show that ASF consumption increases mean child height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) by 0.30 (
P
< 0.01) and reduces the likelihood of stunting by 6.8 percentage points (
P
< 0.01), after controlling for confounding factors. The child nutritional benefits of diets containing ASF are larger than those of purely plant-based diets. Nutritious plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes, can provide most of the nutrients required and also have positive effects on HAZ, but they are sometimes not available and accessible in sufficient quantities all year round, especially in rural areas. Given the large environmental footprints of livestock farming, initiatives to make food systems more sustainable often call for a strong reduction in ASF consumption. While ASF consumption should be reduced where consumption quantities are high, our results suggest that poor households’ access to ASF in Africa should be further improved to help reduce child undernutrition.
Texas: A green hydrogen hub to decarbonize the United States and beyond
Authors: Lin Haiyang , Hernandez Gonzalez Andres , Nielsen Chris P. , McElroy Michael B.
Published: December 2024

As the largest oil and gas producer in the United States, Texas confronts significant challenges in its shift toward decarbonization. This study explores the potential for green hydrogen in Texas as a substitute for current development, underscoring numerous advantages such as ample renewables, established demand, and operational infrastructure. We present an hourly-resolution, cross-sector assessment framework to optimize grid-integrated green hydrogen supply paths from managing local applications to meeting potential export opportunities. The analysis indicates that by 2030, Texas could have over 50 million tons of green hydrogen available at $1.5/kg. Even with the incrementality, deliverability, and temporal matching requirements of 45 V, green hydrogen remains more competitive than blue hydrogen. On the supply side, the grid-electrolysis integration results in synergetic benefits, including overall cost reductions, less curtailment of renewables, and enhanced operational flexibility and reliability. On the demand side, this cost-competitive hydrogen could bring the cost of hydrogen fueling and ammonia production down to $4/kg and $350/ton respectively, with a significant impact in replacing fossil fuels in transport and industry. For most of the states, green hydrogen and ammonia imported from Texas could become an affordable alternative to local supplies. Through both onshore pipelines and offshore shipments, Texas has the potential to develop as a major green fuel supplier, aiding in decarbonization efforts not only for the United States but also beyond.
Utilizing reconstruction achieves ultrastable water electrolysis
Authors: Lin Yu , Huang Danji , Wen Qunlei , Yang Ruoou , Chen Bowen , Shen Yi , Liu Youwen , Fang Jiakun , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: December 2024

The dissolution of active atoms under operating potential will lead to a decline in their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, thus preventing the current highly active catalysts from being practically applicable in industrial water electrolysis. Here, we propose a sequential leaching strategy to utilize the dynamic restructuring and enhance the chemical bond strength for highly active and stable OER. Modeling on nickel-iron sulfides (NiFe-S), we introduced and utilized foreign Mo dopant preleaching as the sacrificial agent to alleviate the oxidation corrosion of partial M─S bonds. Operando spectroscopic reveal that foreign Mo dopant leach from the matrix and then adsorb on the surface of NiFe O(S)OH as molybdate at lower OER potential. The crystal occupation hamiltonian population analysis uncovers that the charge transfer from molybdate into NiFe O(S)OH will enhance bond energy of M─S, thus preventing further S and Fe/Ni leaching. By manipulating ion leaching, the resulting active phase achieves an ultralow overpotential of 250 mV at 400 mA cm
−2
and high stability of more than 3,700 h at 100 mA cm
−2
. An industrial water electrolysis equipment using our catalysts delivered ultralow energy consumption of 4.30 kWh m
−3
H2
and record stability over 250 h (2,300 h lifetime by epitaxial method with 10% attenuation) under a high working current of 8,000 mA. The hydrogen production cost of US$2.46/kg
H2
aligns with the green hydrogen cost target set by the European Commission for the coming decade.
Colossal magnetoresistance from spin-polarized polarons in an Ising system
Authors: Li Ying-Fei , Been Emily M. , Balguri Sudhaman , Jia Chun-Jing , Mahendru Mira B. , Wang Zhi-Cheng , Cui Yi , Chen Su-Di , Hashimoto Makoto , Lu Dong-Hui , Moritz Brian , Zaanen Jan , Tafti Fazel , Devereaux Thomas P. , Shen Zhi-Xun
Published: December 2024

Recent experiments suggest a new paradigm toward novel colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in a family of materials EuM

2

X

2

(M

=

Cd, In, Zn; X

=

P, As), distinct from the traditional avenues involving Kondo–Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida crossovers, magnetic phase transitions with structural distortions, or topological phase transitions. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to explore their origin, particularly focusing on EuCd

2

P

2

. While the low-energy spectral weight royally tracks that of the resistivity anomaly near the temperature with maximum magnetoresistance (

T
MR

) as expected from transport-spectroscopy correspondence, the spectra are completely incoherent and strongly suppressed with no hint of a Landau quasiparticle. Using systematic material and temperature dependence investigation complemented by theory, we attribute this nonquasiparticle caricature to the strong presence of entangled magnetic and lattice interactions, a characteristic enabled by the

p

-

f

mixing. Given the known presence of ferromagnetic clusters, this naturally points to the origin of CMR being the scattering of spin-polarized polarons at the boundaries of ferromagnetic clusters. These results are not only illuminating to investigate the strong correlations and topology in EuCd

2

X

2

family, but, in a broader view, exemplify how multiple cooperative interactions can give rise to extraordinary behaviors in condensed matter systems.
Transcriptional reprogramming primes CD8+ T cells toward exhaustion in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Iu David S. , Maya Jessica , Vu Luyen T. , Fogarty Elizabeth A. , McNairn Adrian J. , Ahmed Faraz , Franconi Carl J. , Munn Paul R. , Grenier Jennifer K. , Hanson Maureen R. , Grimson Andrew
Published: December 2024

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME) is a severe, debilitating disease, with substantial evidence pointing to immune dysregulation as a key contributor to pathophysiology. To characterize the gene regulatory state underlying T cell dysregulation in ME, we performed multiomic analysis across T cell subsets by integrating single-cell RNA-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq and further analyzed CD8+ T cell subpopulations following symptom provocation. Specific subsets of CD8+ T cells, as well as certain innate T cells, displayed the most pronounced dysregulation in ME. We observed upregulation of key transcription factors associated with T cell exhaustion in CD8+ T cell effector memory subsets, as well as an altered chromatin landscape and metabolic reprogramming consistent with an exhausted immune cell state. To validate these observations, we analyzed expression of exhaustion markers using flow cytometry, detecting a higher frequency of exhaustion-associated factors. Together, these data identify T cell exhaustion as a component of ME, a finding which may provide a basis for future therapies, such as checkpoint blockade, metabolic interventions, or drugs that target chronic viral infections.
Dissection revisited: Deciphering bodies and ancient medical texts
Authors: Pelavski Andres , Marroquin-Arroyave Esteban , Milgram Joshua , Lewis Orly
Published: December 2024

Unlike traditional approaches to Greco-Roman medicine, which are strongly based on textual evidence, we addressed some problems, currently debated by historians, through a technique borrowed from the biological sciences: We reenacted an ancient anatomical dissection of the abdominal wall, the peritoneal cavity, and its organs (as described by Galen during the 2nd century CE, in his major treatise Anatomical Proceedings). Our aim was to clarify incongruencies about the text itself—considering the errors generated during its 14-century-long hand-copied manuscript tradition—and infer answers to contextual questions, such as the aim of the author, his audience, and the setting where the dissections took place. This hands-on practical method provided extratextual evidence to ongoing scholarly debates, which until now were mainly approached through textual scrutiny.