bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of listeriosis associated with consumption of deli meats in a hospital, Germany, February to March 2023
Authors: Feige Lena , Walter Nicole , Fawzy Ahmad , Schultze Tilman , Hassel Melanie , Vogt Manfred , Zanger Philipp , Schoeps Anja
Published: February 2025

Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe illness in individuals with weakened immune systems. In March 2023, L. monocytogenes was isolated from blood (n = 2) or pleural fluid (n = 1) of three febrile patients receiving synthetic glucocorticoids in a tertiary hospital in Germany. Food supply records suggested sliced parboiled sausage as the likely source, and L. monocytogenes was isolated from four samples of sealed packaged sliced sausages and ham from one manufacturer. The patient and food isolates clustered within 0–4 allelic differences. Counts of L. monocytogenes in all four food samples were < 100 colony-forming units (CFU)/g, a threshold in the European Union legislation for ready-to-eat products with specific conditions. Our findings, aligned with previous evidence, highlight that persons with weakened immune systems should not be exposed to L. monocytogenes in food. We advocate for a clear communication of deli meats as high-risk foods, so individuals with weakened immune systems can adjust their diet to reduce their risk for invasive listeriosis. We recommend an update of dietary and hygiene guidelines for care settings and private homes where food is prepared, handled and stored for persons with weakened immune systems.
Early vaccine effectiveness estimates against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza based on influenza surveillance, Beijing, China, 2024/25 season
Authors: Sun Ying , Shi Weixian , Zhang Daitao , Ma Chunna , Feng Zhaomin , Zhang Jiaojiao , Wu Dan , Zhang Li , Li Jia , Duan Wei , Wang Yingying , Ma Jiaxin , Zhang Lu , Hu Xiaodi , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi
Published: February 2025

We estimated early influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2024/25 season in outpatients, in Beijing using a test-negative design. A(H1N1)pdm09 dominated (99.3%), all sequenced strains (n = 38) clustered in clade 6B.1A.5a.2a, and 37 of 38 antigenically similar to the vaccine strain. VE against any influenza virus infection was 48.5% (95% CI: 34.8–59.5) and 48.7% (95% CI: 35.1–59.7) against A(H1N1)pdm09. Vaccination in the current or previous season against any influenza showed a VE of 52.5% to 54.9%, compared to no vaccination in both seasons.
Interim 2024/25 influenza vaccine effectiveness: eight European studies, September 2024 to January 2025
Authors: Rose Angela MC , Lucaccioni Héloïse , Marsh Kimberly , Kirsebom Freja , Whitaker Heather , Emborg Hanne-Dorthe , Bolt Botnen Amanda , O’Doherty Mark G , Pozo Francisco , Hameed Safraj Shahul , Andrews Nick , Hamilton Mark , Trebbien Ramona , Lauenborg Møller Karina , Marques Diogo FP , Murphy Siobhan , McQueenie Ross , Lopez-Bernal Jamie , Cottrell Simon , Bucholc Magda , Kissling Esther ,   European IVE group
Published: February 2025

The 2024/25 influenza season in Europe is currently characterised by co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominating. Interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from eight European studies (17 countries) indicate an all-age influenza A VE of 32–53% in primary care and 33–56% in hospital settings, with some signals of lower VE by subtype and higher VE against influenza B (≥ 58% across settings). Where feasible, influenza vaccination should be encouraged and other prevention measures strengthened.
A Study the investors of investment decision to Mutual Funds: A Case Study of Investors in the Siddipet District in Telangana
Authors: Suddala Prabhakar , Sharma Anshuman
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the investment decisions of mutual fund investors in the Siddipet district of Telangana, aiming to identify the factors influencing their preferences and behaviors. Mutual funds, known for their diversification and professional management, have gained significant popularity as an investment option. The research adopts a case study approach, focusing on investors within Siddipet to analyze their decision-making processes. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews, capturing insights into the demographic profiles and investment objectives of participants. Findings reveal that factors such as Gender, Age, Educational capability, Occupation, Yearly income and Years of Experience, Investment skyline in MF, Level of resistance of risk in investment, Type of scheme and Mode of payment. The role of financial advisors and the perceived performance of mutual funds also emerged as critical determinants.
DISKURSUS KEPEMIMPINAN KONTEMPORER: POLA KOMUNIKASI POLITIK DAN STRATEGI ADAPTASI PEMIMPIN MUDA DALAM LANSKAP DEMOKRASI DIGITAL
Authors: ZA Safrizal , Alqarni Wais , Zuhri M. , Agustina Soraya , Alysha Putri
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the political communication patterns and adaptation strategies of young leaders in the landscape of digital democracy, focusing on Gibran Rakabuming Raka as the primary case study. Using a qualitative literature review approach, the research explores how young leaders utilize social media as an effective communication tool to build self-image, public interaction, and political agenda dissemination. The findings reveal that Gibran's communication style represents a shift from traditional hierarchical approaches to participatory strategies through digital platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. Adaptation strategies include responsiveness to public criticism and the ability to transform negative narratives into effective communication opportunities. The study also highlights that challenges, such as symbolic attacks and delegitimization in the digital public sphere, can be addressed through innovative and humorous communication approaches. These findings emphasize that young leaders have significant potential to drive transformation in political communication in the digital era, prioritizing participation, transparency, and rapid adaptation to technological dynamics.
EKSISTENSI PEDAGANG PASAR TRADISIONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN PEDAGANG PASAR TARUTUNG 2024
Authors: Bawamenewi Diani , Sitorus Masniar Hernawati , Sitindaon Wensdy , Panjaitan Ade Putera Arif , Firmando Harisan Boni
Published: February 2025

The objectives of this study are 1). To find out the existence of traditional market traders in improving the economy of Tarutung market traders. 2). To find out the strategy of traditional market traders in improving the economy of Tarutung market traders. 3). To find out the challenges of traders in the competition of traders in the Tarutung market. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach or a type of field research. The results of this study can be concluded that: The income of traders in the Tarutung traditional market has increased, and provides benefits for the economy of traders, where in the Tarutung market every year the traders and visitors are also getting more crowded, this is a factor in increasing the increase in the income of traders in the Tarutung market and can survive. The challenges faced by traders in the Tarutung market in trader competition are the number of traders who sell similar products or merchandise so that they experience tight competition, price competition because in the Tarutung market there are still the same prices and competition between the modern market and the traditional market.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CIVIL SERVANT DISCIPLINE REGULATIONS AT THE MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OFFICE IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY
Authors: Muti Sarini , A. Rahman Dahlan , Fazil Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Lhokseumawe City still has not implemented Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline. It can be seen that there are still some ASN employees who do not obey discipline in accordance with the applicable PP. This thesis discusses the Implementation of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Lhokseumawe City in 2022-2023 using Merilee S. Grindle's theory which is measured from the process of achieving outcomes (i.e. whether or not the goals to be achieved are achieved) The type of research used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, documentation and observations. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling. The data source uses primary data, secondary data. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the implementation of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline at the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Lhokseumawe City is optimal, but there are obstacles to the work culture that are difficult to change and there are still low sanctions so that the perpetrators of disciplinary violations have not been deterred. The recommendation of the Office of the Ministry of Religion of Lhokseumawe City is that it is necessary to carry out regular socialization so that employees can understand the content of the policy of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline.
Peran Guru Penggerak dalam Menumbuhkan Kebiasaan Gemar Membaca Melalui Kegiatan Literasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 110 Kota Jambi
Authors: Kurnia Dewi , Evidawati Evidawati , Saputra Muhammad Deni , Sari Putri Aprilia , Sabrina Wiyanpuri Rahma , Destrinelli Destrinelli , Sofwan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Kemampuan literasi merupakan hak asasi setiap individu dan merupakan fondasi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat. Literasi adalah keterampilan dasar yang penting untuk perkembangan individu, dan pengenalan literasi sejak dini di sekolah dasar mencakup membaca, menulis, berpikir kritis, memahami informasi, serta berkomunikasi efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan peran guru penggerak dalam menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca melalui kegiatan literasi, mendeskripsikan peran dan kendala yang dialami guru dalam menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca peserta didik dan mendeskripsikan solusi yang didapat guru dalam menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca pada peserta didik di SD Negeri 110 Kota Jambi. Penulis mengangkat judul ini karena banyak peserta didik di SD Negeri 110 Kota Jambi yang masih memiliki minat membaca yang rendah dan Penulis semangat serta antusias dalam melakukan kegiatan literasi untuk menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca dalam diri setiap peserta didik di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 110 Kota Jambi. Oleh karena itu kebiasaan gemar membaca peserta didik di SD Negeri 110 Kota Jambi perlu ditumbuhkan lagi. Metode penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa: 1) Peran guru dalam menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca melalui kegiatan literasi 2) Kendala yang dialami guru dalam menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca melalui kegiatan literasi, 3) Sedangkan solusi yang dilakukan guru penggerak dalam menumbuhkan kebiasaan gemar membaca melalui kegiatan literasi sehingga tercapainya tujuan untuk menanamkan kebiasaan literasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari peserta didik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran guru penggerak sangat penting karena guru dapat menggunakan keterampilan yang dimiliki untuk menumbuhkan kebiasaan membaca melalui kegiatan literasi.
Explication of Human Qualities: Gender Aspect
Authors: Azharbekova Elvira , Ayazbayeva Bakhyt , Nygmetova Nurgul , Sateeva Botagoz , Sagatova Gulmira , Zhalmakhanov Shapagat , Kodirova Barno
Published: February 2025

The authors consider stereotypical features of femality and masculinity, which are universal in nature and determine the differences between female and male content in general. Based on the analysis of the material of the artistic text of Kazakh writers, the gender features of the explication of human qualities in the Kazakh language are determined. In the framework of the study, the content of the language construction of human qualities and their nature in gender was collected, described and analyzed, the basic characteristics of a human were determined on the basis of a list of adjectives reflecting the specifics of the Kazakh culture and psychology in the gender aspect. On the basis of the conducted questionnaire of students and adults, conscious and unconscious gender features in terms of characteristics of human qualities were identified and described. The file of adjectives denoting human qualities and character traits in the gender aspect is presented in the form of conditional classification “characteristic of men,” “characteristic of women,” “characteristic of men/women,” “positive/negative assessment.” The results of the study demonstrate the presence of language units in the Kazakh language, reflecting the features of the psychology of men and women. At the same time, education in Kazakh traditions implies different content in the formation of male and female content. It is expected that the results of the study will contribute to improving knowledge of the Kazakh language for comprehensive communication, including the context of intercultural communication.
Arabic Philosophy of Pleasure in Confronting Death: An Intertextuality Study of Pre-Islamic Poetry
Authors: Farghal Tariq Mohammed , Talaha Ahmad , Al-Dourou Amer , Maaitah Reem , Rababa Emran
Published: February 2025

The study examines the philosophical extrapositions of the perception of the pre-Islamic poets in resisting the nihilism of death as an existentialist crisis through a philosophy of pleasure despite the inevitability of immortality. The philosophy of pleasure is manifested in the poet’s romanticist language, which expresses the depth of life's pleasures as an ultra-philosophical concept resonating with Epicurism. This study selects a sample of pre-Islamic poets who have adopted this form of philosophy as a lifestyle and attitude toward nothingness including Tarafa bin Al-Abd, Umru’ Al-Qais, and Al-A’sha, among other prominent figures. By analyzing the poems qualitatively, the study categorizes thematic, symbolic, and stylistic features that show ‘intuitive’ philosophical depth including the imagery of wine, the romanticist image of women, and the life-affirming thrill for honor and risk-taking as essential to understanding life. These behaviors go beyond pleasure-based nihilism, but they rather reflect resisting life-affirming Epicurius's position toward death as an existential end as it was perceived in that era. The study highlights that the philosophical mind of the pre-Islamic poet is fundamentally existential as it intersects through recurring themes, consistency of usage of expressions, and patterning in discourse that these poets delve into notions of great significance to intertextuality studies addressing literary-philosophies of pleasure, intoxication, immortality, and the dichotomy of life and death.
Linguistic Camouflage in Totalitarianism: Ismail Kadare’s Resistance through Literature
Authors: Shyta Ilir , Rusi Eris , Spaho Jonela
Published: February 2025

Ismail Kadare holds an important position in contemporary literature, maintaining significant influence across Albanian and global literary landscapes. During the latter half of the twentieth century, Kadare faced the oppressive constraints of socialist realism imposed by the totalitarian communist regime in Albania. To survive under this regime, he employed a perilous strategy known as the "Pact with the Devil" (Pactum Cum Diabolus). This approach entailed a dual mechanism: on one hand, Kadare conformed to the dictatorial system's ideological demands in certain aspects of his work, thereby ensuring his survival and continued publication. On the other hand, he crafted anti-system literature that subtly resisted and undermined Socialist Realism. By situating his narratives in historical settings such as the Turkish empire, ancient Egypt, or Greece, Kadare crafts a metaphorical dialogue that transcends the immediate temporal and political constraints of his era. His strategic use of linguistic tools, including symbolic imagery, rhetorical questions, and allusions, enables him to encode resistance within his narratives. The "Pact with the Devil" thus serves as a linguistic camouflage, allowing Kadare to evade the constraints of communist propaganda and ideology, which sought to suppress intellectual freedom and creativity. The "Pact with the Devil" serves as a literary camouflage, enabling Kadare to evade communist propaganda and ideology, which sought to suppress free expression and talented intellectuals within the country. Through this nuanced strategy, Kadare's literature becomes a form of camouflaged resistance against totalitarian oppression.
Modern Approaches to the Theory and Methodology of Kazakh Literary Studies: Integration of National and Global Trends
Authors: Matayeva Assyl , Zhumagul Sagymbay , Sarybayeva Bayan , Yerlanova Ayaulym , Chuzhayeva Aisulu
Published: February 2025

This article examines the theoretical and methodological challenges of modern Kazakh literary studies, focusing on transformations driven by Kazakhstan’s independence. The research underscores the integration of global theoretical frameworks-structuralism, postmodernism, narratology, and hermeneutics-into Kazakh literary criticism, which has significantly reshaped the analysis of artistic texts. These methodologies provide a deeper understanding of national literature in global contexts, reflecting the evolving dynamics of Kazakh literary theory. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the national idea, the reinterpretation of the literary heritage, and the rehabilitation of previously repressed authors. These processes highlight the pivotal function of Kazakh literature in fostering national self-identification and preserving cultural values. The article also explores the influence of postmodernism on Kazakh literature, which, unlike its Western counterpart, represents a continuation of interrupted modernism, resulting in a distinct postmodernist approach. The methodological framework integrates systemic, comparative, hermeneutic, and semiotic approaches to analyze the aesthetic and philosophical dimensions of literary texts. The findings demonstrate how Kazakh literary criticism harmonizes global methodologies with its national identity, providing innovative insights into the study of literature. The article concludes by outlining the future prospects of Kazakh literary studies, emphasizing their potential for further integration into the global academic community. This includes fostering intercultural dialogue, leveraging digital technologies, and promoting Kazakh literature on international platforms.
Serum taurine level versus endocan as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of ischemic diabetic foot in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Mai Mahmoud Abd El Wahed  , Ibrahim Mohammed Ali El Agouza  , Amr Ali Mahfouz  , Alyaa Ahmed Faried  , Amr Mohamed Aboelroaus
Published: February 2025

Objective: Our goal is to break the vicious cycle between diabetes and its critical complications by measuring two potential biomarkers (Endocan and Taurine) that are used as pre-diagnostic markers of diabetic complications (ischemic diabetic foot) in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: 90 diabetic patients were recruited from the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE); 70 patients had ischemic diabetic foot, and 20 diabetic controlled patients who did not have ischemic diabetic foot were designated diabetic controlled patients. Ten healthy, non-diabetic individuals signed up as volunteers. All patients and volunteers underwent a full clinical examination, investigation, and biochemical analysis (liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, CRP, albumin, and complete blood count), as well as measurements of FBG, 2PP, fructose amine, and the recently discovered two possible biomarkers endocan and taurine.
Results: The data demonstrated no significant difference in liver functions, renal functions, lipid profile, albumin and CBC except (WBCs) in all patients compared to the control group (p> 0.05). However, there is a substantial shift in WBCs, CRP, FBG, 2PP, and fructose amine (p<0.05). On the other hand, the data revealed a very substantial decrease in serum taurine and an increase in serum endocan in all diabetes patients based on the severity of the ischemic diabetic foot as compared to healthy controls.
Conclusion: Serum endocan levels are raised in diabetic patients based on the degree of inflammation. In contrast, the level of taurine decreases in proportion to the severity of the inflammatory foot. Thus, endocan and taurine are regarded as early diagnostic markers of ischemic diabetic foot complications.
Total volvulus of the small intestine on incomplete common mesentery, an exceptional complication in adults: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ahmed Zeroual  , Mohammed Essaid Ramraoui  , Ahmed EL Guazzar  , Mohamed Jawad Fassi EL Fihri  , Hicham Baba  , Mohammed Lahkim  , Ahmed El Khader  , Rachid El Barni
Published: February 2025

Total volvulus of the small intestine complicating an incomplete common mesentery corresponds to a failure in the 180° rotation of the primitive intestinal loop. The mesenteric root is extremely short, and the entire small intestine is pedicled on the superior mesenteric arterial axis. This condition poses a high risk of small bowel volvulus and entero-mesenteric infarction. Acute volvulus necessitates emergency surgical intervention; imaging should not delay surgical management. The surgical procedure involves detorsion of the volvulus (counterclockwise rotation) and assessment of intestinal viability. The intestine is repositioned in a complete common mesentery configuration: the cecum is placed in the left iliac fossa. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient admitted for total volvulus of the small intestine on incomplete common mesentery, successfully operated on as an emergency, with a favorable postoperative outcome.
Immunity for a Lifetime: Unravelling the long-term impact of neonatal immunization
Authors: Arun Chand Roby Kanamala  , Bindu Madhavi Konakalla  , Geethika Marupakala  , Medhani Sri Kurra  , Satheesh S Gottipati  , Srinivasa Babu Puttagunta
Published: February 2025

Because immunization offers early protection against infectious diseases that can be fatal, neonatal vaccination is essential for preserving long-term health. Vaccines given during the first few months of infancy stimulate the developing immune system, which aids in the formation of immunological memory and lifetime immunity. Beyond the advantages for the individual, newborn vaccinations have a major impact on population health through herd immunity, which lowers the spread of disease and supports efforts to eradicate it. Neonatal vaccination's long-term effects, however, also take into account antibody persistence, the requirement for booster shots, and possible links to autoimmune diseases or compromised immune responses. The long-term impacts of neonatal vaccination are examined in this review, with particular attention paid to the advantages, disadvantages, and implications for future studies and public health regulations.
Periodontal, oral and denture hygiene status of removable partial denture wearers and non-denture wearers
Authors: Olubunmi Omotunde Onigbinde  , Olugbenga Adetokunbo Adenuga-Taiwo  , Abimbola Yusuf  , Adenike Ololade Awotile  , Modupeore Ekua Sorunke  , Olatunbosun Sunday Salami
Published: February 2025

The use of dentures is believed to worsen oral health if not properly maintained. Good oral hygiene regime and regular dental visits can promote oral health and reduce the risk of periodontal diseases.
Aim: This study was conducted to assess the periodontal, Oral and denture hygiene status, of denture wearers and non-denture wearers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Prosthodontic clinic of the department of Restorative dentistry in the Dental Centre of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos. Periodontal, Oral and Denture hygiene status of 135 participants were assessed after they had filled in the questionnaires. Data was collected, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM SPSS Armonk, New York).
Results: Both prosthesis wearers and non-wearers have similar periodontal conditions. The prevalence of periodontal disease of the participants was 54%. Gingivitis was a major contributor (49.6%) to periodontal disease and the prevalence of periodontitis was 4.4%. The proportion with good oral hygiene was higher in the denture wearers while poor oral hygiene was more prevalent in the non-denture wearers. The denture wearers had only good 54(61.4%) and fair 34(38.6%) denture hygiene.
Conclusions: The results indicate that the participants, especially the RPD’s wearers, should be motivated for extra adequate oral hygiene practices and dental visits.
Emphasis should be placed on tooth brushing twice daily, with medium bristled toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste, usage of interdental aids and visiting the dentist twice a year.
The re-use of palm kernel shell and steel slag as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in asphaltic concrete
Authors: Yusuff RO  , Balogun TO
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of using palm kernel shell (PKS) and steel slag (SS) as partial replacements for conventional coarse aggregates in asphaltic concrete to reduce construction costs and improve sustainability. Various percentages of PKS and SS (0% to 25%) were incorporated into asphaltic concrete mixtures, and their effects on stability, flow, bulk density, air voids, voids in mineral aggregates (VMA), and voids filled with bitumen (VFB) were evaluated using the Marshall Stability test. The results showed that a 5% replacement of PKS and SS (A2) yielded the highest stability value of 6.54 kN, which was higher than the conventional mixture. However, the flow value of 5.47 mm exceeded the recommended range of 2–4 mm, likely due to the angular shape of PKS and SS. The bulk density ranged from 1.82 g/cm³ to 2.22 g/cm³, with the highest value observed for the A2 mixture. The air voids, VMA, and VFB were within acceptable limits, indicating that PKS and SS can be used as partial replacements without compromising the volumetric properties of the mixture. The study concludes that PKS and SS are viable alternatives for low-traffic roads, offering environmental and economic benefits. Further research is recommended to optimize the mix design and evaluate long-term performance under different traffic conditions.
A research on harnessing MICP for soil erosion control: A sustainable approach for thar desert’s soil
Authors: Dhruv Dineshbhai Kachhadiya  , Parwathi Pillai
Published: February 2025

Soil erosion is a critical environmental issue, particularly in arid regions like the Thar Desert, where wind erosion accelerates land degradation. This study explores the application of Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) as an eco-friendly solution for enhancing soil stability and mitigating erosion. Laboratory experiments were conducted using Sporosarcina pasteurii to induce calcium carbonate precipitation in sandy soil. The research assessed changes in soil properties, permeability, and erosion resistance through physicochemical analysis, wind tunnel testing, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) measurements. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in porosity (18%), permeability (80%), and wind erosion mass loss (73%), alongside a 360% increase in UCS. Microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of a calcite crust, enhancing soil cohesion. This study highlights MICP’s potential as a sustainable erosion control strategy, offering a viable alternative to conventional soil stabilization methods.
Trend and variability of rainfall in recent years in Iraq: A physical perspective
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Aljaff
Published: February 2025

Iraq has experienced increased occurrences and elevated intensity of natural disasters focused on weather elements including droughts alongside floods and temperature fluctuations throughout the recent years. The research investigates rainfall pattern fluctuations and trends across Iraq but dedicates particular attention to the capital city Baghdad during the past decades.

Establishing intensity-duration-frequency curves requires the study to combine rainfall data obtained from ground-based measurements and satellite-derived estimates across major Iraqi cities. The curved models help the analysis reveal changes in how rainfall occurs through data on severe event magnitudes and their occurrences.

Studies indicate that Iraq traditionally showed varied rainfall patterns until recent times brought on distinct rainfall patterns displaying an elevated risk of dry periods and intense precipitation floods. This paper examines physical drivers of rainfall pattern changes along with their consequences for water resources management and agricultural practices and disaster prevention initiatives in Iraq.
A prospective study to assess the quality of life in COPD patients: In a tertiary care centre
Authors: A.Abhi  , Acsah Oommen  , Blessy Ann Rajeev  , Alfet Raju Anthraper  , Chitra C Nair  , Beena P
Published: February 2025

Background, aims and objectives: COPD is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It shows a decline in the lung function followed by impairment of physical functions. Quality of life is an important factor for measuring the impact of COPD in the patient from socializing and enjoying their hobbies.This study aimed at assessing the health related improvement in the quality of life of COPD patients.

Materials and methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Kerala, India to assess the quality of life in 100 COPD patients for a period of 6 months by using St. George respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ). Demographic details, therapy related factors and smoking status were collected.

Result: In our analysis of 100 COPD patients, at the baseline assessment, the average SGRQ score was 59.92, with a standard deviation of 16.77. Conversely, during the follow-up period, there was a decrease in the mean score to 36.17, with a standard deviation of 14.23, indicating a decline in the SGRQ score over time. Lower SGRQ scores indicated better respiratory health and fewer symptoms.

Conclusion: The results from our study revealed an improved quality of life among COPD patients significantly over time. The change in the mean SGRQ (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire) score from 59.92 to 36.17 indicates an improvement in respiratory health or quality of life among the population being studied. When individuals adhere more closely to their medication regimens, they are more likely to manage their condition effectively, leading to better health outcomes and an enhanced quality of life.
Innovative Niosomal technologies: Advantages, challenges and future trends
Authors: Sneha V  , J Adlin Jino Nesalin  , Ganesh N S  , Vineeth Chandy
Published: February 2025

Noisomes are tiny, bubble-like vesicles made from non-ionic surfactants, and like liposomes, they have a bilayer structure, which allows them to carry both water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs, either in their inner watery core or within their lipid bilayer. They are being widely explored as a cost-effective, non-biological alternative to liposomes and as drug carriers that can influence how medications are distributed and released in the body. What makes niosomes particularly valuable is that they offer all the benefits of liposomes such as controlled drug release and targeted delivery at a lower cost. They are also more stable, easier to store, and do not rely on phospholipids, which can be expensive. Due to these advantages, niosomes have been extensively studied for use in treating cancer, viral infections, and bacterial diseases.

To create noisome, a specific type of surfactant is combined with water. Cholesterol is often added to strengthen the vesicle walls and minimize leakage, while stabilizers help prevent the vesicles from clumping together by creating repulsive or protective barriers. Advancements in niosomes include discomes, proniosomes, elastic and polyhedral niosomes. Among these, proniosomes are superior over other vesicular carriers. Proniosomes are dry formulations of water-soluble nonionic surfactant coated carrier system which immediately forms niosomes upon hydration. They have the capability to overcome the instability problems associated with niosomes and liposomes and have the potential to improve solubility, bioavailability, and absorption of various drugs. Furthermore, they offer versatile drug delivery concept for enormous number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have the potential to deliver drugs effectively through different routes at specific site of action to achieve controlled release action and reduce toxic effects associated with drugs.
The Effects of Energy Consumption and Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth in Türkiye: Fourier-Shin Cointegration Test
Authors: Akça Tacinur
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to explain the impact of shocks in foreign direct investments and per capita energy consumption on real growth shocks in Türkiye between 1970 and 2015. For this purpose, it is planned to evaluate the temporary and permanent effects of the variables on economic growth. To the cointegrated relationship between the variables the Fourier-Shin cointegration test; to determine the stationarity, Augmented Dickey Fuller- Becker, Enders and Lee Fourier KPSS stationarity tests were used. The long-run and short-run coefficients were estimated using the dynamic least squares method (DOLS). According to the findings of the analysis, in the long run, a 1% increase in energy consumption increases economic growth by 0.04%, while a 1% increase in foreign direct investment increases economic growth by 1.6%. In the short run, a 1% increase in FDI increases economic growth by 0.7%. FDI plays a key role for Türkiye's economic growth both in the long and short run. On the other hand, Türkiye needs more permanent energy policies that will cover the long-term rather than short-term energy policies.
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Perspektifinden Politik Riskin Pay Senedi Piyasalarına Yansımalarına Yönelik Ekonometrik Kanıtlar
Authors: İlarslan Kenan
Published: February 2025

Sabit sermaye yatırımları ve/veya portföy yatırımları olarak hareket eden uluslararası sermaye akımları için yatırımın değerlendirildiği ülkenin siyasi ortamının ve alt unsurlarının istikrarı yatırım kararı için önemli bir faktördür. Siyasi kaos, terörizm, iç savaş, yolsuzluk, rüşvet ve kurumsal yönetişim eksikliği gibi çok sayıda politik risk unsurunun az gelişmiş ve/veya gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yoğun biçimde yaşanıyor olması beraberinde ekonomik ve finansal istikrarsızlığı da getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı gelişmekte olan ülkeler perspektifinden politik istikrarın pay senedi piyasası üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik ampirik kanıtlara ulaşmaktır. 1996-2021 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada eş anlı panel kantil regresyon analizi ve iki aşamalı dinamik panel veri regresyon yöntemi çerçevesinde analizler yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen ana sonuca göre politik istikrarın gelişmekte olan ülkelerde pay senedi piyasasını negatif yönde etkilemesi söz konusudur. Bu sonuç gelişmekte olan ülkelerde borsa yatırımcılarının risk-getiri dengesi (risk-return tradeoff) prensibi ile hareket ettikleri şeklinde açıklanabilir.
Pendidikan Karakter Perspektif Buya Hamka dalam Buku Pribadi Hebat serta Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Irawan Toni , Alwizar Alwizar , Dewi Eva , Dinata Syaiful , Sahbana M. Dwi Rahman , Firdaus Muhammad
Published: February 2025

Pendidikan karakter sangat penting menjadi fokus utama penyelenggaraan pendidikan Islam untuk mengatasi kemerosotan perilaku peserta didik di era global saat ini. Tokoh yang menaruh perhatian terhadap pendidikan karakter di Indonesia adalah Buya Hamka. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber utamanya adalah buku Pribadi Hebat karya Buya Hamka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Buya Hamka menyebut karakter dengan istilah kepribadian. Kepribadian hebat adalah seseorang yang dapat menjadikan dirinya memiliki sifat-sifat kepribadian hebat yang meliputi (a) memiliki daya tarik, (b) pandai, (c) penuh pertimbangan, (d) berani, (e) bijaksana, (f) berpandangan baik, (g) mengenal diri sendiri, (h) menjaga kesehatan badan, (i) bijaksana dalam berkata-kata, dan (j) percaya kepada diri sendiri. Sementara itu, implementasi konsep pendidikan karakter Buya Hamka untuk membentuk pribadi hebat harus dilakukan dengan melibatkan seluruh unsur sistem pendidikan, yang meliputi tujuan, pendidik, peserta didik, kurikulum, dan lingkungan pendidikan.
Por uma universidade pública preta: representações sociais de estudantes universitários de um estado brasileiro sobre as cotas raciais
Authors: Neto Amadeu Antônio Pereira , Marcelly de Oliveira Barros  , Maria Gabriela do Nascimento Araújo  , Roniel Sousa Damasceno  , Da Silva Alves Mateus Egilson , Evair Mendes da Silva Sousa  , Ludgleydson Fernandes de Araújo
Published: February 2025

Objetivou-se analisar as representações sociais entre estudantes de universidades públicas sobre as políticas de cotas raciais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, fundamentado no referencial teórico-metodológico das Representações Sociais. Participaram 118 estudantes, com idades entre 18 e 46 anos (média=22,1 anos; desvio padrão=5,9), em sua maioria mulheres (62,7%), renda familiar de até 1 salário mínimo mensal (67,8%), cor da pele parda (45,8%) e sem ingresso na universidade pelas políticas de cotas raciais (50,8%). Um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada foram aplicados e submetidos, respetivamente, à análise descritiva pelo programa estatístico SPSS e à análise pelo software Iramuteq que forneceu a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD). Discute-se que os participantes apresentam RS favoráveis às cotas raciais, com discursos que demonstram sua relevância como instrumento de ingresso no ensino superior e como atitude de reparação histórica diante da violência sofrida pelo povo preto.
Cultural nationalism of philosophical discourses of the 1920-1930s as interpreted by contemporary Chinese philosophers
Authors: Gao Qing
Published: February 2025

This article aims to provide a new perspective for understanding the interaction between Chinese and Western cultures, as well as theoretical support for the modernization of Chinese culture through a comprehensive analysis of the content of these materials. This article takes a detailed look at the interpretations of Chinese philosophers on the interaction of Chinese and Western cultures and its historical stages, and analyzes the conceptual approaches of Chinese scholars in the context of cultural nationalism and conservatism. The study notes that although the discussion of the interaction of Chinese and Western cultures in Chinese philosophical thought has a history of more than 100 years, a unified position that can determine the theoretical basis for the transformation of modern cultural practice has not yet been formed. The article emphasizes that Xi Jinping's thoughts on cultural confidence, historical initiative, and building a national spiritual infrastructure set specific research topics and ideological foundations for modern cultural studies. Through the analysis of the thoughts of Chinese philosophers of the 1920s and 1930s, their manifestations in cultural nationalism and conservatism, as well as the positive attitude of Chinese philosophers towards the assimilation of Western culture, is determined. In addition, the article discusses the major cultural trends of China in the 20th century, analyzes Du Yaquan's cultural views and their contemporary significance, and Liang Shuming's cultural philosophy. The research process allowed us to substantiate that the cultural nationalism of Chinese philosophy in the 20-30s of the 20th century does not have a uniform direction. This was a consequence of the interpretation of the relationship between Chinese traditional and Western culture, the attitude to Western culture, and the understanding of the place of traditional culture in the development of Chinese society.
The international situation of the 1930s as a factor in shaping soviet foreign policy towards Spain and China
Authors: Volkova Irina Vladimirovna , Ivanov Valery Vladimirovich , Estévez Pérez Daniel
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this article is to analyze the international situation in the first half of the 1930s as a leading factor influencing the foreign policy of the Soviet Union towards the Spanish Republic and China in 1936-1937. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the reasons for the USSR’s abandonment of the policy of collective security, which was pursued by Moscow at the turn of the 1920s-1930s, and the transition to indirect participation in the wars in Spain and China. The article summarizes the experience of Soviet, modern Russian, and Western European (Great Britain, Spain) historiography. The study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the interrelationships between the European and Eastern directions of Soviet foreign policy during the period under review. The authors of the study came to the following conclusion. In the early 1930s, the USSR pursued a course of integration into the system of international relations. Moscow sought to ensure peace through the implementation of collective security plans in Europe and the Far East. By the mid-1930s, the Soviet Union became convinced of the duplicity of the policies of the leading powers, which sabotaged the Kremlin’s initiatives and actively cooperated with the ruling regimes of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were not only preparing for new wars, but also began territorial seizures. This became the basis for a serious adjustment of Moscow’s policy, which was expressed in direct support for Spain and China, which became objects of external aggression.
Fairies as horror characters (based on the novels of R. Feist and R. Campbell)
Authors: Vasilev Mikhail Fedorovich
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to demonstrate that fairies, characters of British lower mythology, despite their strong association with children's fairy tales, can not only potentially be characters in horror works but also do successfully function in this capacity. This is illustrated by the horror novels "Faerie Tale" (1988) by R. Feist and "The Kind Folk" (2012) by R. Campbell. The scientific novelty of the article lies in presenting folklore motifs associated with fairies as horror tropes, using data from works of fiction that have not previously been covered in domestic scholarship. As a result of the study, we see that fairies, as grotesque and liminal beings, successfully play the role of monsters both literally and metaphorically, representing crises of pivotal moments in life and the threat of loss of identity. The examples show that the authors' use of the same folklore motifs (kidnapping and changelings, oblivion, madness) allows for extremely different interpretations, making it possible to create an original image based on well-known elements.
The microfield “flour and sweet” of the lexical-semantic field “food” in Olivia Manning’s Novel “The Great Fortune”
Authors: Kurenkova Tatyana Nikolaevna , Strekaleva Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to determine the structure, composition, and interaction of lexical units of the lexical-semantic field (LSF) “Food” in Olivia Manning’s novel “The Great Fortune” using the microfield “Flour and sweet” as an example. The article examines the vocabulary with the semantics of food in “The Great Fortune”, constructs and analyzes the LSF “Food”, provides the structure of the microfield “Flour and sweet”, establishes differential features and types of connections between the elements of the microfield. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that, for the first time, vocabulary with the semantics of food is structured using the field approach based on the material of Olivia Manning’s “The Great Fortune”, which contributes to the enrichment of special terminology related to the topic of food in the English language. As a result, lexical units with the semantics of food were identified in the text of the novel, repetitions were eliminated, and the LSF “Food” was formed. The microfield “Flour and sweet” was subjected to detailed analysis, its structure was presented, differential features were identified within the microfield, and the types of connections between the elements of the microfield were established.
Structural-semantic and functional specifics of automotive terminology in German marketing texts
Authors: Petryanina Olga Valeryevna , Belenkova Yulia Sergeevna
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the study of German automotive terminology in structural-semantic and functional aspects, since the specified lexical area, being a means of fixation reflecting the content of the professional sphere of communication, is constantly updated and intensively developed. The aim of the research is to identify the special vocabulary of automotive topics functioning in media texts with a marketing component. In addition, the authors reveal the typological features of these denominations. The scientific novelty of the research is manifested in the fact that automotive terminological concepts have been comprehensively systematized and described for the first time based on the material of publications in a German automotive journal. As a result, it was revealed that substantive composite formations are currently a relevant means of nomination in the automotive terminology system of the modern German language, since they denote complex concepts and the relationships between them in a holistically structured word-formational form. Among the words conveying professional and technical knowledge related to the automotive industry, both narrowly specialized definitions and units that have lost their professional interpretation and have acquired the status of terms of broad use can be distinguished.
Linguo-cognitive means of introducing cognitive biases in political discourse (by the example of A. Merkel’s speech)
Authors: Glukhova Elena Sergeevna
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the study of cognitive biases in political discourse, using the speech of Angela Merkel at the 29th Congress of the Christian Democratic Union in 2016 as an example. The aim of the research is to identify linguo-cognitive means that are used to introduce cognitive biases into the process of information perception by the addressee in political discourse. Cognitive biases are considered as one of the ways of rhetorical influence. The article describes the theoretical and methodological foundations for studying cognitive biases and methods for their analysis. It is determined that cognitive biases can manifest themselves at different levels of the text – from individual words to entire fragments of the text. An algorithm for identifying and analyzing cognitive biases is proposed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in adapting the concept of cognitive biases to the analysis of political discourse and identifying the corresponding linguo-cognitive means that contribute to their formation. As a result, it was established that A. Merkel uses cognitive biases in her speech, such as the framing effect, catastrophizing, and emotional reasoning, implemented through strategies and tactics, linguo-cognitive mechanisms, speech techniques and means, aimed at influencing the audience and achieving political goals.