bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soft interactions in jet quenching
Authors: Hidalgo-Duque Carlos , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J.
Published: April 2015

We study the collisional aspects of jet quenching in a high-energy nuclear collision, especially in the final state pion gas. The jet has a large energy, and acquires momentum transverse to its axis more effectively by multiple soft collisions than by few hard scatterings (as known from analogous systems such as J/ψ production at Hera). Such regime of large E and small momentum transfer corresponds to Regge kinematics and is characteristically dominated by the pomeron. From this insight we estimate the jet quenching parameter in the hadron medium (largely a pion gas) at the end of the collision, which is naturally small and increases with temperature in line with the gas density and compare it to the jet quenching parameter obtained within the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) phase in widely known perturbative approximations. The physics in the quark–gluon plasma/liquid phase is less obvious, and here we revisit a couple of simple estimates that suggest indeed that the pomeron-mediated interactions are very relevant and should be included in analysis of the jet quenching parameter. Finally, since the occasional hard collisions produce features characteristic of a Lèvy flight in the [Formula: see text] plane perpendicular to the jet axis, we suggest one- and two-particle q⊥correlations as interesting experimental probes sensitive to the nature (softness versus hardness) of the interactions of a jet inside the QGP.
Intermediate energy multiple scattering of particles by light α-cluster nuclei
Authors: Berezhnoy Yu. A. , Mikhailyuk V. P. , Pilipenko V. V.
Published: April 2015

The survey of cluster models used for the description of the properties of nuclei was carried out. The interaction of intermediate protons with various odd and even nuclei is reviewed. The influence of the clusterization effects on the behavior of the elastic and inelastic scattering observables are demonstrated by using multiple diffraction scattering theory (MDST) and the α-cluster model with dispersion. The comparison of the calculations, based on two- and four-nucleon correlation models, have been performed. The elastic scattering of light nuclei from α-cluster nuclei is analyzed. The results given in this review suggest that the MDST variants based on cluster models seem to be rather attractive as compared with those based on the single-nucleon approximation. Such approaches, considering nucleon and light-nuclei scattering on α-clusters, are among the best examples of using Glauber's MDST, since they automatically include the internal nucleon–nucleon correlations both in the incident and target nuclei. Besides, α-clusters have zero spin and, in this case, the scattering amplitude does not involve explicit consideration of spin–spin effects. Moreover, these models often permit an accurate analytical calculation of the MDST series.
Mass spectrum and leptonic decay constants of ground and radially excited states of ηc and ηb in a Bethe–Salpeter equation framework
Authors: Negash Hluf , Bhatnagar Shashank
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we study the mass spectrum and decay constants of ground state (1S) and radially excited states (2S and 3S) of heavy equal mass pseudoscalar mesons, ηc and ηb. We have employed the framework of Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) under Covariant Instantaneous Ansatz (CIA). Our predictions are in reasonable agreement with the data on available states and results of other models.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON NITRIDE NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY LASER ABLATION IN LIQUID FOR OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATION
Authors: KHASHAN KHAWLA S. , MOHSIN MAYYADAH H.
Published: April 2015

In this work, carbon nitride ( C 3 N 4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by pulse laser ablation of graphite in ammonium solution, and deposited on silicon substrates by spray. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study bonding, absorption, size and morphology of the produce NPs. The FTIR absorption peaks at 2121.6, 1631.7 and 1384 cm-1 stretching vibration bond, it is inferred for the C ≡ N , C = N and C – N , respectively. Bonds suggests the formation, C 3 N 4 NPs. UV absorption peaks coincide with the electronic transitions corresponding to the formation, C 3 N 4 NPs with 3.98 eV optical bandgap. The TEM show the aggregation of the C 3 N 4 NPs with size ranges from 4 to 83 nm, and also the leaf-like structure are shown in the structure of C 3 N 4 suspension. High performance rectifying C 3 N 4/ Si heterojunction with a rectifying ratio exceeding 345 at V = 5 V was obtained, with high photoresponsivity of 2.33 A/W at 600 nm.The results show that C 3 N 4 NPs on silicon substrates will act as very good candidates for making high efficiency photodiodes.
On one generalization of finite 𝔘-critical groups
Authors: Semenchuk Vladimir N. , Skiba Alexander N.
Published: April 2015

A proper subgroup [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] is said to be: [Formula: see text]-subnormal in [Formula: see text] if there exists a chain of subgroups [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a prime for [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]-abnormal in [Formula: see text] if for every two subgroups [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is not a prime. In this paper we describe finite groups in which every non-identity subgroup is either [Formula: see text]-subnormal or [Formula: see text]-abnormal.
Solvable groups derived from hypergroups
Authors: Jafarpour M. , Aghabozorgi H. , Davvaz B.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we introduce the smallest equivalence relation [Formula: see text] on a hypergroup [Formula: see text] such that the quotient [Formula: see text], the set of all equivalence classes, is a solvable group. The characterization of solvable groups via strongly regular relations is investigated and several results on the topic are presented.
Total integrals of Doi Hom-Hopf modules
Authors: Guo Shuangjian , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Shengxiang
Published: April 2015

Let [Formula: see text] be a monoidal Hom-Hopf algebra, [Formula: see text] a right [Formula: see text]-Hom-comodule algebra and [Formula: see text] a right [Formula: see text]-Hom-module coalgebra. We first investigate the criterion for the existence of a total integral of [Formula: see text] in the setting of monoidal Hom-Hopf algebras. Also, we prove that there exists a total integral [Formula: see text] if and only if any representation of the pair [Formula: see text] is injective in a functorial way, which generalizes Menini and Militaru’s result. Finally, we extend to the category of [Formula: see text]-Doi Hom-Hopf modules a result of Doi on projectivity of every relative [Formula: see text]-Hopf module as an [Formula: see text]-module.
On restricted representations of restricted contact Lie superalgebras of odd type
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Liu Wende
Published: April 2015

Simple restricted modules are considered for the restricted contact Lie superalgebras of odd type over an algebraically closed field with characteristic [Formula: see text]. In particular, a sufficient and necessary condition in terms of typical or atypical weights is given for the restricted Kac modules to be simple. Furthermore, the number of the simple restricted Kac modules is obtained.
Improving the adsorption of sulfur trioxide on TiO2 anatase nanoparticles by N-doping: A DFT study
Authors: Abbasi Amirali , Sardroodi Jaber Jahanbin , Ebrahimzadeh Alireza Rastkar
Published: April 2015

The adsorptions of sulfur trioxide molecule on undoped and N-doped TiO 2 anatase nanoparticles were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. N-doped nanoparticles were constructed by substitution of oxygen atoms of TiO2 by nitrogen atoms. The results showed that the adsorption energies of SO3 on the different nanoparticles following the order N-doped (N site)>N-doped ( O D site)>Undoped ( O D site). We provide the electronic structure of the nanoparticles, as well as complex systems containing the sulfur trioxide molecule and discuss the key issues that influence the adsorption process. The structural properties including the bond lengths, bond angles and adsorption energies and the electronic properties including the projected density of states (PDOSs) and molecular orbitals (MOs) have been mainly analyzed in detail. The obtained results indicate that the interaction between SO 3 molecule and N-doped TiO 2 nanoparticle is stronger than that between SO 3 and undoped nanoparticle, which suggests that N-doping helps to strengthen the interaction of SO 3 with TiO 2 anatase nanoparticles. It is shown that although SO 3 molecule has no significant interaction with undoped nanoparticle, it tends to be strongly adsorbed to N-doped anatase nanoparticles with considerable adsorption energies, being as an effective property to be utilized in gas sensing applications. We also note at this point that the titanium atom and the doped nitrogen atom sites are more active than the dangling oxygen site, which reveals that the titanium and doped nitrogen sites provide more stable adsorption geometries.
A Novel Approach for Mobile Maintenance Using Mobile Agents Technology and Mobile Devices
Authors: Abid Khadija , Mouss L. Hayet , Kazar Okba , Kahloul Laid
Published: April 2015

The long use of a system causes its degradation. Hence, the maintenance activity is required in order to keep and improve the efficiency in the system. With the rapid development in networking technology, a need appears to change the manufacturing strategies. These new technologies improve the maintenance process, and establish remote maintenance (tele-maintenance, e-maintenance and m-maintenance). These kinds of maintenance try to provide personnel maintenance with the right information at the suitable time, which makes information available, anywhere and anytime. Our proposition is the use of mobile agent technology to reduce the maintenance costs and solve the problem of the unavailability of an expert in all phases of condition-based maintenance (CBM) strategy. The mobile agent technology overcomes a lot of problems and there is not much work that has used this technology. We have also used the web services (WS) to insure interoperability between machines and to support interaction over the network. Our approach gives great support to the maintenance engineer as it facilitates the access to decision-making support, work order, etc. which are available in the device like smartphone. This paper presents the development of a mobile maintenance support system based on mobile agent technology. The proposed system, the web and agent technology as well as remote communication were tested successfully.
Dynamics of geodesic motion in static cylindrically symmetric Λ-vacuum spacetimes
Authors: Brito Irene , Mena Filipe C. , Da Silva M. F. A. , Santos N. O.
Published: April 2015

We present a comparative study about the dynamics of geodesic orbits in static cylindrically symmetric vacuum spacetimes with and without a cosmological constant Λ. In particular, we analyze the orbital stability of the Λ = 0 case with respect to the introduction of arbitrarily small values of |Λ| and single out the cases where bounded orbits become unbounded.
Harmonious pairs
Authors: Kozek Mark , Luca Florian , Pollack Paul , Pomerance Carl
Published: April 2015

Let σ be the usual sum-of-divisors function. We say that a and b form a harmonious pair if [Formula: see text]; equivalently, the harmonic mean of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is 2. For example, 4 and 12 form a harmonious pair, since [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Every amicable pair is harmonious, but there are many others. We show that the count of numbers that belong to a harmonious pair having both members in [1, x] is at most [Formula: see text], as x → ∞.
Numerical analysis of fractional-order tumor model
Authors: Sohail Ayesha , Arshad Sadia , Javed Sana , Maqbool Khadija
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the tumor-immune dynamics are simulated by solving a nonlinear system of differential equations. The fractional-order mathematical model incorporated with three Michaelis–Menten terms to indicate the saturated effect of immune response, the limited immune response to the tumor and to account the self-limiting production of cytokine interleukin-2. Two types of treatments were considered in the mathematical model to demonstrate the importance of immunotherapy. The limiting values of these treatments were considered, satisfying the stability criteria for fractional differential system. A graphical analysis is made to highlight the effects of antigenicity of the tumor and the fractional-order derivative on the tumor mass.
Large-scale and facile fabrication of PbSe nanostructures by selenization of a Pb sheet
Authors: Hoomi Sara , Yousefi Ramin , Jamali-Sheini Farid , Sáaedi Abdolhossein , Cheraghizade Mohsen , Basirun Wan Jefrey , Huang Nay Ming
Published: April 2015

PbSe nanostructures were synthesized by selenization of lead sheets in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) set-up under a selenium ambiance. The lead sheets were placed in the different temperature zones, between 300°C and 450°C. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that, PbSe nanostructures grown on the lead sheets with different morphologies. PbSe nanostructures with flakes shape were grown on the lead sheets that were placed in the lower temperature, while PbSe nanocubes and nanorods, which were grown on the nanocubes, were grown on the lead sheets in the higher temperature. The phase and composition of the product were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The XRD and XPS results showed that, the PbSe phase was started to form after 350°C and completed at 450°C. However, the XPS results showed that the Se concentration was different in the samples. In addition, Raman measurements confirmed the XRD and XPS results and indicated three Raman active modes, which belonged to PbSe phase for the nanostructures. The optical properties of the products were characterized by UV–Vis. The optical characterization results showed a band gap for the PbSe nanostructures in the infrared region.
Analysis of Synchronization Impairments for Cooperative Base Stations Using OFDM
Authors: Manolakis Konstantinos , Oberli Christian , Jungnickel Volker , Rosas Fernando
Published: April 2015

Base station cooperation is envisioned as a key technology for future cellular networks, as it has the potential to eliminate intercell interference and to enhance spectral efficiency. To date, there is still lack of understanding of how imperfect carrier and sampling frequency synchronization between transmitters and receivers limit the potential gains and what the actual system requirements are. In this paper, OFDM signal model is established for multiuser multicellular networks, describing the joint effect of multiple carrier and sampling frequency offsets. It is shown that the impact of sampling offsets is much smaller than the impact of carrier frequency offsets. The model is extended to the downlink of base-coordinated networks and closed-form expressions are derived for the mean power of users’ self-signal, interuser, and intercarrier interference, whereas it is shown that interuser interference is the main source of degradation. The SIR is inverse to the base stations’ carrier frequency variance and to the square of time since the last precoder update, whereas it grows with the number of base stations and drops with the number of users. Through user selection, the derived SIR upper bound can be approached. Finally, system design recommendations for meeting synchronization requirements are provided.
Generalisation over Details: The Unsuitability of Supervised Backpropagation Networks for Tetris
Authors: Lewis Ian J. , Beswick Sebastian L.
Published: April 2015

We demonstrate the unsuitability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to the game of Tetris and show that their great strength, namely, their ability of generalization, is the ultimate cause. This work describes a variety of attempts at applying the Supervised Learning approach to Tetris and demonstrates that these approaches (resoundedly) fail to reach the level of performance of hand-crafted Tetris solving algorithms. We examine the reasons behind this failure and also demonstrate some interesting auxiliary results. We show that training a separate network for each Tetris piece tends to outperform the training of a single network for all pieces; training with randomly generated rows tends to increase the performance of the networks; networks trained on smaller board widths and then extended to play on bigger boards failed to show any evidence of learning, and we demonstrate that ANNs trained via Supervised Learning are ultimately ill-suited to Tetris.
Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy withDermatophagoides farinaeExtract in Monosensitized and Polysensitized Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: Clinical Observation and Analysis
Authors: Xu Chen-Xia , Zhang Miao-Lian , Li Bi-Zhou , He Ying , Zou Ze-Hong , Wu Qiu-Rong , Tao Ai-Lin , Lai He , Sun Jin-Lu
Published: April 2015

Aim. To investigate differences in the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy withDermatophagoides farinaedrops in monosensitized and polysensitized allergic rhinitis patients.Methods. The patients enrolled in the study were treated for more than one year by sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) usingDermatophagoides farinaedrops and were divided into a monosensitized group (n=20) and a polysensitized group (n=30). Total nasal symptom scores of patients before and after SLIT were analyzed to evaluate the curative effect. The phylogenetic tree of dust mite allergens as well as other allergens that were tested by skin prick test was constructed to help the analysis.Results. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of SLIT between dust mite monosensitized and polysensitized patients.Conclusions. Both dust mite monosensitized and polysensitized patients could be cured by SLIT usingDermatophagoides farinaedrops. This study provides a reference for the selection of allergens to be used in immunotherapy for polysensitized AR patients.
Thrombocytopenia in Dengue: Interrelationship between Virus and the Imbalance between Coagulation and Fibrinolysis and Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Azeredo Elzinandes Leal de , Monteiro Robson Q. , de-Oliveira Pinto Luzia Maria
Published: April 2015

Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). In general, dengue is a self‐limiting acute febrile illness followed by a phase of critical defervescence, in which patients may improve or progress to a severe form. Severe illness is characterized by hemodynamic disturbances, increased vascular permeability, hypovolemia, hypotension, and shock. Thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction are common in both cases and are related to the clinical outcome. Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain DENV‐associated thrombocytopenia, including the suppression of bone marrow and the peripheral destruction of platelets. Studies have shown DENV‐infected hematopoietic progenitors or bone marrow stromal cells. Moreover, anti‐platelet antibodies would be involved in peripheral platelet destruction as platelets interact with endothelial cells, immune cells, and/or DENV. It is not yet clear whether platelets play a role in the viral spread. Here, we focus on the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction in DENV infection. Because platelets participate in the inflammatory and immune response by promoting cytokine, chemokine, and inflammatory mediator secretion, their relevance as “immune‐like effector cells” will be discussed. Finally, an implication for platelets in plasma leakage will be also regarded, as thrombocytopenia is associated with clinical outcome and higher mortality.
Characteristics and Breakdown Behaviors of Polysilicon Resistors for High Voltage Applications
Authors: Tang Xiao-Yu , Dong Ke
Published: April 2015

With the rapid development of the power integrated circuit technology, polysilicon resistors have been widely used not only in traditional CMOS circuits, but also in the high voltage applications. However, there have been few detailed reports about the polysilicon resistors’ characteristics, like voltage and temperature coefficients and breakdown behaviors which are critical parameters of high voltage applications. In this study, we experimentally find that the resistance of the polysilicon resistor with a relatively low doping concentration shows negative voltage and temperature coefficients, while that of the polysilicon resistor with a high doping concentration has positive voltage and temperature coefficients. Moreover, from the experimental results of breakdown voltages of the polysilicon resistors, it could be deduced that the breakdown of polysilicon resistors is thermally rather than electrically induced. We also proposed to add an N-type well underneath the oxide to increase the breakdown voltage in the vertical direction when the substrate is P-type doped.
Measurement of Velocity and Temperature Profiles in the 1/40 Scaled-Down CANDU-6 Moderator Tank
Authors: Kim Hyoung Tae , Cha Jae Eun , Seo Han , Bang In Cheol
Published: April 2015

In order to simulate the CANDU-6 moderator circulation phenomena during steady state operating and accident conditions, a scaled-down moderator test facility has been constructed at Korea Atomic Energy Institute (KAERI). In the present work an experiment using a 1/40 scaled-down moderator tank has been performed to identify the potential problems of the flow visualization and measurement in the scaled-down moderator test facility. With a transparent moderator tank model, a flow field is visualized with a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique under an isothermal state, and the temperature field is measured using a laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. A preliminary CFD analysis is also performed to find out the flow, thermal, and heating boundary conditions with which the various flow patterns expected in the prototype CANDU-6 moderator tank can be reproduced in the experiment.
NIV-Helmet in Severe Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Martins Joana , Nunes P. , Silvestre C. , Abadesso C. , Loureiro H. , Almeida H.
Published: April 2015

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a method to be applied in acute respiratory failure, given the possibility of avoiding tracheal intubation and conventional ventilation. A previous healthy 5-month-old boy developed low-grade intermittent fever, flu-like symptoms, and dry cough for 3 days. On admission, he showed severe respiratory distress with SpO2/FiO2ratio of 94. Subsequent evaluation identified an RSV infection complicated with an increase of inflammatory parameters (reactive C protein 15 mg/dL). Within the first hour after NIV-helmet CPAP SpO2/FiO2ratio increased to 157. This sustained improvement allowed the continuing of this strategy. After 102 h, he was disconnected from the helmet CPAP device. The NIV use in severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure should be carefully monitored as the absence of clinical improvement has a predictive value in the need to resume to intubation and mechanical ventilation. We emphasize that SpO2/FiO2ratio is a valuable monitoring instrument. Helmet interface use represents a more comfortable alternative for providing ventilatory support, particularly to small infants, which constitute a sensitive group within pediatric patients.
Isotypes of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association with Rheumatoid Factors and Citrulline-Dependent Antibodies
Authors: Westergaard Marie Wulff , Draborg Anette Holck , Troelsen Lone , Jacobsen Søren , Houen Gunnar
Published: April 2015

In order to study the humoral immune response against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to compare it with the two major autoantibody types in RA, plasma samples from 77 RA patients, 28 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Increased percentages of positives and concentrations of IgG/IgA/IgM antibodies against the latent EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) were observed in RA patients compared to SLE patients and HCs. Increased concentrations and percentages of positives of IgG/IgA/IgM against the early lytic EBV antigen diffuse (EAD) were also found in RA patients compared to HCs but were highest in SLE patients. Furthermore, associations between the elevated EBNA-1 IgA and EBNA-1 IgM levels and the presence of IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors (RFs) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs, IgG) and between elevated IgA concentrations against EAD and the presence of RFs and ACPAs in RA patients were found. Thus, RA patients had elevated antibodies of all isotypes characteristic of latent EBV infection (whereas SLE patients had elevated antibodies characteristic of lytic EBV infection). Notably, for IgM and IgA (but not IgG), these were associated with the presence of characteristic RA autoantibodies.
Decontamination Using a Desiccant with Air Powder Abrasion Followed by Biphasic Calcium Sulfate Grafting: A New Treatment for Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Lombardo Giorgio , Corrocher Giovanni , Rovera Angela , Pighi Jacopo , Marincola Mauro , Lehrberg Jeffrey , Nocini Pier Francesco
Published: April 2015

Peri-implantitis is characterized by inflammation and crestal bone loss in the tissues surrounding implants. Contamination by deleterious bacteria in the peri-implant microenvironment is believed to be a major factor in the etiology of peri-implantitis. Prior to any therapeutic regenerative treatment, adequate decontamination of the peri-implant microenvironment must occur. Herein we present a novel approach to the treatment of peri-implantitis that incorporates the use of a topical desiccant (HYBENX), along with air powder abrasives as a means of decontamination, followed by the application of biphasic calcium sulfate combined with inorganic bovine bone material to augment the intrabony defect. We highlight the case of a 62-year-old man presenting peri-implantitis at two neighboring implants in positions 12 and 13, who underwent access flap surgery, followed by our procedure. After an uneventful 2-year healing period, both implants showed an absence of bleeding on probing, near complete regeneration of the missing bone, probing pocket depth reduction, and clinical attachment gain. While we observed a slight mucosal recession, there was no reduction in keratinized tissue. Based on the results described within, we conclude that the use of HYBENX and air powder abrasives, followed by bone defect grafting, represents a viable option in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
Measuring the Electrical Properties of MWNT‐PA6 Reinforced Nanocomposites
Authors: Călin Monica Alina , Manea Liliana Rozemarie , Schacher Laurence , Adolphe Dominique , Leon Ana Lăcrămioara , Potop Georgeta Lidia , Agop Maricel
Published: April 2015

The paper studies the electrical properties of polyamide 6‐ (PA6‐) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanowebs, obtained through electrospinning. Three different treatments (chemical, mechanical, and mixed) were applied to the CNT in order to prepare the electrospinning solutions. For each treatment, the CNT content was different: 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The electrical volume and surface conductivity of the obtained samples were studied by measuring their electrical volume and surface resistance. Homemade plate electrodes were used. The samples were also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). Defects were found on the extremities: solvent traces, flat fibers, and beads. The mixed treatment seems too aggressive and it is not recommended. The AFM analysis gave values for roughness and profile height (Ra and Rz): extreme values were obtained for the chemically and mechanically treated samples. Next, a pristine PA6 sample was used to compare the influence of the CNT content on the electric behavior of the samples. By increasing the pressure on the specimens, the volume resistivity decreased exponentially, while the surface resistivity showed no significant changes, independently of the CNT content. The obtained behavior proves a great potential of the MWNT‐PA6 reinforced nanocomposites for sensor applications.
Safety Enhancements for PHWRs Based on Macroscopic Losses of the Fukushima Accident
Authors: Kim Sang Ho , Futami Tsuneo , Chang Soon Heung , Jeong Yong Hoon
Published: April 2015

The role of nuclear energy is to supply electric power on a stable basis to meet increasing demands, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and maintain stable electric power costs while ensuring safety. The Fukushima accident taught us many lessons for creating safer nuclear power plants. Considering the design of systems, the areas of weakness at the Fukushima nuclear power plants can be divided into three categories: plant protection, electricity supply, and cooling of the nuclear fuel. In this paper, focusing on these three areas, the lessons learned are proposed and applied for pressurized heavy water reactors. Firstly, hard protection against external risks ensures the integrity of components and systems such that they can perform their original functions. Secondly, additional emergency power supply systems for electrical redundancy and diversity can improve the response capabilities for an accident by increasing the availability of active components. Thirdly, cooling for removing decay heat can be augmented by adopting diverse safety systems derived from other types of reactors. This study is expected to contribute to the safety enhancement of pressurized heavy water reactors by applying design changes based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident.
Cannabidiol Rescues Acute Hepatic Toxicity and Seizure Induced by Cocaine
Authors: Vilela Luciano Rezende , Gomides Lindisley Ferreira , David Bruna Araújo , Antunes Maísa Mota , Diniz Ariane Barros , Moreira Fabrício de Araújo , Menezes Gustavo Batista
Published: April 2015

Cocaine is a commonly abused illicit drug that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The most severe and common complications are seizures, ischemic strokes, myocardial infarction, and acute liver injury. Here, we demonstrated that acute cocaine intoxication promoted seizure along with acute liver damage in mice, with intense inflammatory infiltrate. Considering the protective role of the endocannabinoid system against cell toxicity, we hypothesized that treatment with an anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor, URB597, or with a phytocannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), protects against cocaine toxicity. URB597 (1.0 mg/kg) abolished cocaine‐induced seizure, yet it did not protect against acute liver injury. Using confocal liver intravital microscopy, we observed that CBD (30 mg/kg) reduced acute liver inflammation and damage induced by cocaine and prevented associated seizure. Additionally, we showed that previous liver damage induced by another hepatotoxic drug (acetaminophen) increased seizure and lethality induced by cocaine intoxication, linking hepatotoxicity to seizure dynamics. These findings suggest that activation of cannabinoid system may have protective actions on both liver and brain induced by cocaine, minimizing inflammatory injury promoted by cocaine, supporting its further clinical application in the treatment of cocaine abuse.
Three Patients Needing High Doses of Valproic Acid to Get Therapeutic Concentrations
Authors: Jackson James , McCollum Betsy , Ognibene Judy , Diaz Francisco J. , de Leon Jose
Published: April 2015

Valproic acid (VPA) can autoinduce its own metabolism. Cases requiring VPA doses >4000 mg/day to obtain therapeutic plasma concentrations, such as these 3 cases, have never been published. Case 1 received VPA for seizures and schizophrenia and had >50 VPA concentrations in 4 years. A high dose of 5,250 mg/day of VPA concentrate was prescribed for years but this dose led to an intoxication when switched to the enterocoated divalproex sodium formulation, requiring a normal dose of 2000 mg/day. VPA metabolic capacity was significantly higher (t=-9.6; df = 6.3,p<0.001) during the VPA concentrate therapy, possibly due to autoinduction in that formulation. Case 2 had VPA for schizoaffective psychosis with 10 VPA concentrations during an 8-week admission. To maintain a VPA level≥50 μg/mL, VPA doses increased from 1500 to 4000 mg/day. Case 3 had tuberous sclerosis and epilepsy and was followed up for >4 years with 137 VPA concentrations. To maintain VPA concentrations≥50 μg/mL, VPA doses increased from 3,375 to 10,500 mg/day. In Cases 2 and 3, the duration of admission and the VPA dose were strongly correlated (raround 0.90;p<0.001) with almost no change after controlling for VPA concentrations, indicating progressive autoinduction that increased with time.
The Effects of the Treatment of the Periodic Boundary Condition in TRIAINA Codes with a Pressure Tube Creep Problem
Authors: Ryu E. H. , Yoo S. Y. , Chung B. Y. , Jung J. Y.
Published: April 2015

To verify the periodic boundary condition (PBC) treatment which was implemented in a TRI-angle elements induced numerical analyzer (TRIAINA), the pressure tube creep problem is chosen and examined with three cases of normal, 2.5% creep, and 5.0% creep on the aspects of the multiplication factor and relative pin power. The McCARD code is used for the homogenized group constants generation. It is shown that the differences are nearly negligible for the pressure tube creep problem.
Two Mutations in Surfactant Protein C Gene Associated with Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Authors: Tarocco Anna , Ballardini Elisa , Contiero Maria Raffaella , Garani Giampaolo , Fanaro Silvia
Published: April 2015

Multiple mutations of surfactant genes causing surfactant dysfunction have been described. Surfactant protein C (SP-C) deficiency is associated with variable clinical manifestations ranging from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome to lethal lung disease. We present an extremely low birth weight male infant with an unusual course of respiratory distress syndrome associated with two mutations in the SFTPC gene: C43-7G>A and 12T>A. He required mechanical ventilation for 26 days and was treated with 5 subsequent doses of surfactant with temporary and short-term efficacy. He was discharged at 37 weeks of postconceptional age without any respiratory support. During the first 16 months of life he developed five respiratory infections that did not require hospitalization.Conclusion. This mild course in our patient with two mutations is peculiar because the outcome in patients with a single SFTPC mutation is usually poor.
Microalgae for Bioenergy: Key Technology Nodes
Authors: Maleterova Ywetta , Kastanek Frantisek , Rouskova Milena , Matejkova Martina , Kastanek Petr , Solcova Olga
Published: April 2015

Microalgae have increasingly gained research interest as a source of lipids for biodiesel production. The wet way processing of harvested microalgae was suggested and evaluated with respect to the possible environmental impacts and production costs. This study is focused on the three key steps of the suggested process: flocculation, water recycling, and extraction of lipids. Microalgae strains with high content of lipids were chosen for cultivation and subsequent treatment process. Ammonium hydroxide was tested as the flocculation agent and its efficiency was compared with chitosan. Determined optimal flocculation conditions for ammonium hydroxide enable the water recycling for the recurring microalgae growth, which was verified for the use of 30, 50, and 80% recycled water. For extraction of the wet microalgae hexane, hexane/ethanol and comparative chloroform/methanol systems were applied. The efficiency of hexane/ethanol extraction system was found as comparable with chloroform/methanol system and it seems to be promising owing to its low volatility and toxicity and mainly the low cost.
Composition and Antimicrobial Activity ofEuphrasia rostkovianaHayne Essential Oil
Authors: Novy Pavel , Davidova Hana , Serrano-Rojero Cecilia Suqued , Rondevaldova Johana , Pulkrabek Josef , Kokoska Ladislav
Published: April 2015

Eyebright,Euphrasia rostkovianaHayne (Scrophulariaceae), is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Europe for the treatment of various health disorders, especially as eyewash to treat eye ailments such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis that can be associated with bacterial infections. SomeEuphrasiaspecies have been previously reported to contain essential oil. However, the composition and bioactivity ofE. rostkovianaoil are unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the eyebright essential oil against some organisms associated with eye infections:Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,S. epidermidis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andCandida albicans. GC-MS analysis revealed more than 70 constituents, with n-hexadecanoic acid (18.47%) as the main constituent followed by thymol (7.97%), myristic acid (4.71%), linalool (4.65%), and anethole (4.09%). The essential oil showed antimicrobial effect against all organisms tested with the exception ofP. aeruginosa. The best activity was observed against all Gram-positive bacteria tested with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 512 µg/mL. This is the first report on the chemical composition ofE. rostkovianaessential oil and its antimicrobial activity.
Anaerobic Spondylodiscitis due toFusobacteriumSpecies: A Case Report Review of the Literature
Authors: Latta Tiffany N. , Mandapat Aimee L. , Myers Joseph P.
Published: April 2015

Spondylodiscitis caused byFusobacteriumspecies is rare. Most cases of spontaneous spondylodiscitis are caused byStaphylococcus aureusand most postoperative cases are caused byStaphylococcus aureusor coagulase-negative staphylococci.Escherichia coliis the most common Gram-negative organism causing spondylodiscitis.Fusobacteriumspecies are unusual causes for anaerobic spondylodiscitis. We report the case of a patient with spontaneous L2-L3 spondylodiscitis, vertebral osteomyelitis, and epidural abscess caused byFusobacteriumspecies and review the literature for patients withFusobacteriumspondylodiscitis.
Solution‐Grown Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoplatelets onto Al Thin Films: Fine Control of Position and Lateral Thickness
Authors: Scarpellini D. , Leonardi C. , Mattoccia A. , Di Giamberardino L. , Medaglia P. G. , Mantini G. , Gatta F. , Giovine E. , Foglietti V. , Falconi C. , Orsini A. , Pizzoferrato R.
Published: April 2015

We have grown nanostructured films of Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) on different substrates by combining the deposition of an aluminum micropatterned thin layer with a successive one‐step room‐temperature wet‐chemistry process. The resulting LDH film is made of lamellar‐like nanoplatelets mainly oriented perpendicular to the substrate. Since the aluminum layer acts as both reactant and seed for the synthesis of the LDH, the growth can be easily confined with submicrometric‐level resolution (about ±0.5 μm) by prepatterning the aluminum layer with conventional photolithographic techniques. Moreover, we demonstrate real‐time monitoring of the LDH growth process by simply measuring the resistance of the residual aluminum film. If the aluminum layer is thinner than 250 nm, the morphology of LDH nanoplatelets is less regular and their final thickness linearly depends on the initial amount of aluminum. This peculiarity allows accurately controlling the LDH nanoplatelet thickness (with uncertainty of about ±10%) by varying the thickness of the predeposited aluminum film. Since the proposed growth procedure is fully compatible with MEMS/CMOS technology, our results may be useful for the fabrication of micro‐/nanodevices.
Enhancement in Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness at Cryogenic Temperature of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composites through Matrix Modification by Carbon Nanotubes and n‐Butyl Glycidyl Ether
Authors: Liu Yu , Qu Cheng-Bing , Feng Qing-Ping , Xiao Hong-Mei , Fu Shao-Yun
Published: April 2015

A typical diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐F (DGEBF)/diethyl toluene diamine (DETD) epoxy system modified by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a reactive aliphatic diluent named n‐butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) was used as the matrix for glass fiber composites. The glass fiber (GF) reinforced composites based on the unmodified and modified epoxy matrices were prepared by the hand lay‐up hot‐press process. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness at both room temperature (RT) and cryogenic temperature (77 K) of the GF reinforced epoxy composites was investigated to examine the effect of the matrix modification. The result showed that the introduction of MWCNTs and BGE at their previously reported optimal contents led to the remarkable enhancement in mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of the composites. Namely, the 22.9% enhancement at RT and the 31.4% enhancement at 77 K were observed for mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of the fiber composite based on the optimally modified epoxy matrix by MWCNTs and BGE compared to the unmodified case.
Vitamin D: A Review on Its Effects on Muscle Strength, the Risk of Fall, and Frailty
Authors: Halfon Matthieu , Phan Olivier , Teta Daniel
Published: April 2015

Vitamin D is the main hormone of bone metabolism. However, the ubiquitary nature of vitamin D receptor (VDR) suggests potential for widespread effects, which has led to new research exploring the effects of vitamin D on a variety of tissues, especially in the skeletal muscle.In vitrostudies have shown that the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, acts in myocytes through genomic effects involving VDR activation in the cell nucleus to drive cellular differentiation and proliferation. A putative transmembrane receptor may be responsible for nongenomic effects leading to rapid influx of calcium within muscle cells. Hypovitaminosis D is consistently associated with decrease in muscle function and performance and increase in disability. On the contrary, vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve muscle strength and gait in different settings, especially in elderly patients. Despite some controversies in the interpretation of meta-analysis, a reduced risk of falls has been attributed to vitamin D supplementation due to direct effects on muscle cells. Finally, a low vitamin D status is consistently associated with the frail phenotype. This is why many authorities recommend vitamin D supplementation in the frail patient.
Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Traditional Herbs Commonly Consumed in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Dghaim Rania , Al Khatib Safa , Rasool Husna , Ali Khan Munawwar
Published: April 2015

Herbs are extensively consumed in the United Arab Emirates for their flavoring and medicinal properties. This study aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals in selected traditional herbs consumed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 81 samples of seven herbs, parsley (Petroselinum crispum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), sage (Salvia officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), mint (Mentha spicata), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), were purchased from the local market in Dubai and analyzed for their cadmium, lead, copper, iron, and zinc contents. Microwave-assisted digestion was applied for the dissolution of the samples and heavy metals concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Metals were found to be present in varied concentrations in the herb samples. The concentration ranges were found as follows: less than 0.1–1.11 mg·kg−1for cadmium, less than 1.0–23.52 mg·kg−1for lead, 1.44–156.24 mg·kg−1for copper, 12.65–146.67 mg·kg−1for zinc, and 81.25–1101.22 mg·kg−1for iron. The findings of the study suggest that most of the analyzed herbs contained unsafe levels of heavy metals that exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits (PL).
High IFN-γ/IL-10 Expression Ratio and Increased Frequency of Persistent Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Infected Clones Are Associated with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Development
Authors: Espíndola Otávio M. , Oliveira Luã C. , Ferreira Priscilla M.S. , Leite Ana Claudia C.B. , Lima Marco Antonio S.D. , Andrada-Serpa Maria José
Published: April 2015

Background/Aims: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes a persistent infection, and only 0.5-5% of infected individuals will develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Therefore, we investigated parameters to discriminate HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) with an increased chance to develop HAM/TSP. Methods: We evaluated integration patterns of HTLV-1 provirus, the relative expression of HTLV-1 tax and HBZ mRNAs and of IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNAs, in addition to proviral load (PVL) levels. Results: HAM/TSP patients presented a higher number of large persistent HTLV-1-carrying clones compared to ACs, and the expression of the HTLV-1 tax and HBZ genes by infected cells was detected at low levels and correlated positively with PVL. In addition, HAM/TSP patients and ACs with high PVL expressed higher levels of IFN-γ mRNA in comparison to IL-10, while ACs with low PVL presented an equilibrate IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio. Conclusions: The presence of large persistent HTLV-1-infected clones in association with viral gene expression, even at small levels, could stimulate the intense inflammatory response in HTLV-1-infected individuals. This was supported by a high ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 relative expression in HAM/TSP patients and ACs with high PVL, indicating that these parameters could aid the identification of ACs with a high risk to develop HAM/TSP.
Fenofibrate Treatment Attenuated Chronic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Liver of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice
Authors: Zhang Nan , Lu Yunxia , Shen Xinru , Bao Yingying , Cheng Jingjing , Chen Li , Li Bao , Zhang Qiu
Published: April 2015

Fenofibrate is widely used in clinical practice, but its influence on chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by feeding a high-calorie and high-cholesterol diet (HCD) has still not been studied. We thus investigated its effects on the liver of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice fed an HCD for 3 months were treated with fenofibrate (HCD + FF, 40 mg/kg, once daily) via gavage for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Liver tissues were procured for histological examination as well as analysis of hepatic triglyceride levels, distribution of inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in ER stress. Our results showed that chronic feeding of an HCD successfully induced an NAFLD model accompanied by inflammatory activation, apoptosis and severe ER stress in the liver. Fenofibrate administration significantly improved symptoms of NAFLD and decreased apoptosis, expression of inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in ER stress, such as inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and JNK phosphorylation. Thus, our study suggests that fenofibrate protected against inflammatory injury and apoptosis, maybe alleviating ER stress through the IRE1α-XBP1-JNK pathway in the liver of NAFLD mice.