bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network-based visualisation of frequent sequences
Authors: Bántay László , Abonyi János
Published: May 2024

Frequent sequence pattern mining is an excellent tool to discover patterns in event chains. In complex systems, events from parallel processes are present, often without proper labelling. To identify the groups of events related to the subprocess, frequent sequential pattern mining can be applied. Since most algorithms provide too many frequent sequences that make it difficult to interpret the results, it is necessary to post-process the resulting frequent patterns. The available visualisation techniques do not allow easy access to multiple properties that support a faster and better understanding of the event scenarios. To answer this issue, our work proposes an intuitive and interactive solution to support this task, introducing three novel network-based sequence visualisation methods that can reduce the time of information processing from a cognitive perspective. The proposed visualisation methods offer a more information rich and easily understandable interpretation of sequential pattern mining results compared to the usual text-like outcome of pattern mining algorithms. The first uses the confidence values of the transitions to create a weighted network, while the second enriches the adjacency matrix based on the confidence values with similarities of the transitive nodes. The enriched matrix enables a similarity-based Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) projection of the sequences. The third method uses similarity measurement based on the overlap of the occurrences of the supporting events of the sequences. The applicability of the method is presented in an industrial alarm management problem and in the analysis of clickstreams of a website. The method was fully implemented in Python environment. The results show that the proposed methods are highly applicable for the interactive processing of frequent sequences, supporting the exploration of the inner mechanisms of complex systems.
Protocol for the systematic review of the Pneumocystis jirovecii-associated pneumonia in non-HIV immunocompromised patients
Authors: Orozco-Ugarriza Mauricio Ernesto , Olivo-Martínez Yenifer , Rodger-Cervantes Yuranis E.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a well-known and frequent opportunistic infection in HIV patients. However, there has been an increase in the number of reports of PJP in other immunosuppressed patients with autoimmune inflammatory disorders or because of chemotherapy and high doses of steroids, especially when used in combination as part of immunosuppressive therapy.

Objective

Despite the increasing importance of PJP in non-HIV patients, there is a lack of comprehensive and updated information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, microbiology, treatments, and prophylaxis of this infection in this population. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to synthesize information on these aspects, from a perspective of evidence-based medicine.

Methods

The protocol is prepared following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA-P) guidelines. We will perform a systematic review of literature published between January 2010 and July 2023, using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. In addition, manual searches will be carried out through related articles, and references to included articles. The main findings and clinical outcomes were extracted from all the eligible studies with a standardized instrument. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts, review full texts, and collect data. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion, and a third reviewer will decide if there is no consensus. We will synthesize the results using a narrative or a meta-analytic approach, depending on the heterogeneity of the studies.

Expected results

It is expected that this systematic review will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the state-of-the-art of PJP in non-HIV patients. Furthermore, the study will highlight possible gaps in knowledge that should be addressed through new research.

Conclusions

Here, we present the protocol for a systematic review which will consider all existing evidence from peer-reviewed publication sources relevant to the primary and secondary outcomes related to diagnosing and managing PJP in non-HIV patients.
A new point mutation in the HC-Pro of potato virus Y is involved in tobacco vein necrosis
Authors: Parrella Giuseppe , Moury Benoit
Published: May 2024

Tobacco vein necrosis (TVN) is a complex phenomenon regulated by different genetic determinants mapped in the HC-Pro protein (amino acids N330, K391 and E410) and in two regions of potato virus Y (PVY) genome, corresponding to the cytoplasmic inclusion (CI) protein and the nuclear inclusion protein a-protease (NIa-Pro), respectively. A new determinant of TVN was discovered in the MK isolate of PVY which, although carried the HC-Pro determinants associated to TVN, did not induce TVN. The HC-Pro open reading frame (ORF) of the necrotic infectious clone PVY N605 was replaced with that of the non-necrotic MK isolate, which differed only by one amino acid at position 392 (T392 instead of I392). The cDNA clone N605_MKHCPro inoculated in tobacco induced only weak mosaics at the systemic level, demostrating that the amino acid at position 392 is a new determinant for TVN. No significant difference in accumulation in tobacco was observed between N605 and N605_MKHCPro. Since phylogenetic analyses showed that the loss of necrosis in tobacco has occurred several times independently during PVY evolution, these repeated evolutions strongly suggest that tobacco necrosis is a costly trait in PVY.
How do host population dynamics impact Lyme disease risk dynamics in theoretical models?
Authors: Savage Joseph D. T. , Moore Christopher M.
Published: May 2024

Lyme disease is the most common wildlife-to-human transmitted disease reported in North America. The study of this disease requires an understanding of the ecology of the complex communities of ticks and host species involved in harboring and transmitting this disease. Much of the ecology of this system is well understood, such as the life cycle of ticks, and how hosts are able to support tick populations and serve as disease reservoirs, but there is much to be explored about how the population dynamics of different host species and communities impact disease risk to humans. In this study, we construct a stage-structured, empirically-informed model with host dynamics to investigate how host population dynamics can affect disease risk to humans. The model describes a tick population and a simplified community of three host species, where primary nymph host populations are made to fluctuate on an annual basis, as commonly observed in host populations. We tested the model under different environmental conditions to examine the effect of environment on the interactions of host dynamics and disease risk. Results show that allowing for host dynamics in the model reduces mean nymphal infection prevalence and increases the maximum annual prevalence of nymphal infection and the density of infected nymphs. Effects of host dynamics on disease measures of nymphal infection prevalence were nonlinear and patterns in the effect of dynamics on amplitude in nymphal infection prevalence varied across environmental conditions. These results highlight the importance of further study of the effect of community dynamics on disease risk. This will involve the construction of further theoretical models and collection of robust field data to inform these models. With a more complete understanding of disease dynamics we can begin to better determine how to predict and manage disease risk using these models.
Comparing preferences to evaluations of barrier self-efficacy for two strength training programs in US older adults
Authors: Kurth Jordan D. , Sciamanna Christopher N. , Herrell Cheyenne , Moeller Matthew , Stine Jonathan G.
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives

Engagement in regular physical activity is one of the best strategies for older adults to remain healthy. Unfortunately, only 35% of older adults meet guidelines for muscle strengthening activities. Eliciting participant preferences is one possible way to improve physical activity engagement. However, other sources of participant input to improve uptake and maintenance remain uninvestigated. This study compared preferences to self-efficacy ratings for two strength training programs.

Methods

We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of 611 US adults over age 65. We compared two participant evaluations (the preferred program and the program for which they had higher barrier self-efficacy) of two hypothetical strength training programs (45 minutes performed three times per week (traditional) and 5 minutes performed daily (brief)).

Results

Most participants (68%) preferred the brief strength training program. The difference in self-efficacy ratings was an average of 1.2 (SD = 0.92). One in five participants preferred a strength training program for which they had less self-efficacy; nearly all of these participants (92%) preferred the traditional strength training program but had more self-efficacy for the brief strength training program.

Conclusion

Older adults reported preferring and having more self-efficacy for a brief compared to a traditional strength training program. Differences in self-efficacy ratings between the two strength training programs were large. Preferences were often not congruent with ratings of self-efficacy.

Significance/Implications

Preferences for strength training programming may not always reflect the program most likely to be maintained. Future investigations should evaluate differences in behavioral uptake, maintenance, and outcomes from two comparative strength training interventions using preferences and self-efficacy.
“Dare to feel full”—A group treatment method for sustainable weight reduction in overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial with 5-years follow-up
Authors: Holmberg Sara , Lendahls Lena , Alle Kjell-Åke
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To assess the long-term effects on weight reduction and health of a group-based behavioral weight intervention over six months focusing eating for fulfillment as compared to a control regime with brief intervention.

Method

Overweight or obese adults (n = 176, 80% female, mean BMI 33.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2, mean age 55.2 ±10.1 years) were randomized to a group treatment or control receiving a brief intervention. Ninety-three participants (53% of original sample) completed the 5-year follow-up. Anthropometrics, blood pressure and biochemical measurements, self-rated lifestyle habits, quality of life and medication were obtained at baseline, at the end of the 6-month intervention, and once a year for five years following randomization.

Results

A per-protocol analysis, performed due to a high drop-out rate, found that weight reduction was small and similar in the two groups after five years. Reduction of waist/hip ratio, total-cholesterol and triglycerides were somewhat larger in the control group than in the treatment group. No changes regarding blood pressure, quality of life or medication use between the treatment and control groups were found.

Conclusions

No effect on weight reduction of the group intervention was found as compared to brief intervention but both groups achieved small weight loss over time. Findings indicate that any intervention or merely regular follow-ups might be promotive for weight maintenance in middle age.
A qualitative analysis of post-hoc interviews with multilevel participants of a randomized controlled trial of a community-based intervention
Authors: Kohrman Nathan , Rashid Mohamad , Flores Roxana , Blyler Ciantel , Barragan Noel C. , Kuo Tony , Inkelas Moira , Chen Steven , Rader Florian , Cheng Susan , Albert Christine , Bello Natalie A. , Ebinger Joseph
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Community-based health interventions often demonstrate efficacy in clinical trial settings but fail to be implemented in the real-world. We sought to identify the key operational and contextual elements of the Los Angeles Barbershop Blood Pressure Study (LABBPS), an objectively successful community-based health intervention primed for real-world implementation. LABBPS was a cluster randomized control trial that paired the barbers of Black-owned barbershops with clinical pharmacists to manage uncontrolled hypertension in Black male patrons, demonstrating a substantial 21.6 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure. Despite this success, the LABBPS intervention has not expanded beyond the original clinical trial setting. The aim of this study was to determine the facilitating and limiting factors to expansion of the LABBPS intervention.

Methods

We undertook a qualitative assessment of semi-structured interviews with study participants performed after trial completion. Interviews included a total of 31 participants including 20 (6%) of the 319 LABBPS program participants (“patrons”), 10 (19%) barbers, and one (50%) clinical pharmacist. The semi-structured interviews were focused on perceptions of the medical system, study intervention, and influence of social factors on health.

Results

Several common themes emerged from thematic analysis of interview responses including: importance of care provided in a convenient and safe environment, individual responsibility for health and health-related behaviors, and engagement of trusted community members. In particular, patrons reported that receiving the intervention from their barber in a familiar environment positively influenced the formation of relationships with clinical pharmacists around shared efforts to improve medication adherence and healthy habits. All interviewee groups identified the trust diad, comprising the familiar environment and respected community member, as instrumental in increasing health-related behaviors to a degree not usually achieved by traditional healthcare providers.

Discussion

In conclusion, participants of an objectively successful community-based intervention trial consistently identified key features that could facilitate wider implementation and efficacy: social trust relationships, soliciting insights of trust bearers, and consistent engagement in a familiar community setting. These findings can help to inform the design and operations of future community-based studies and programs aiming to achieve a broad and sustainable impact.
137Cesium (137Cs) assessment in wild boars from northwestern Italy
Authors: Pattono Daniele , Mannelli Alessandro , Dalmasso Alessandra , Orusa Riccardo , Faure Ragani Massimo , Bottero Maria Teresa
Published: May 2024

Radionuclide contamination is a serious health issue caused by nuclear experiments and plant accidents, as seen for the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear plants. Italy has been especially interested in northwestern alpine regions, as have several other nations. The aim of this work was to indagate 134Cs and 137Cs contamination in wild boars, which were considered bioindicators sampled in the Chisone/Germanasca Valley and the Pellice Valley districts (Piedmont, Italy) in two hunting seasons (2014 and 2016). In the 2014 season, only the livers of the animals (n = 48) were sampled, whereas in 2016, five different anatomical sampling sites were sampled for each animal (n = 16). The analyses were conducted in an accredited laboratory (Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente–ARPA) by the aid of an HPGe detector (Ortec) with a relative efficiency of 50%. In general, the contamination levels registered in 2014 were under the detection limit for 134Cs and low for 137Cs (Chisone/Germanasca valley: min: 0.0, max: 23.9 median 11.0 Bq/kg vs Pellice valley: min 0, max: 31.7, median: 9.6 Bq/kg) and no health concern can be supposed. In the first-year samples, the liver showed a negative correlation between age and contamination level. In the second year of sampling, low levels were confirmed (min: 3.1 Bq/kg, max: 113.3; median 17.7 Bq/kg). Multiple sampling from the same animal showed that the diaphragm (median = 27.7 Bq/kg) kidney (27.4) and tongue (27.6) were more contaminated than the liver (17.7) and spleen (15.3). Moreover, a linear mixed model revealed a negative organ-by-age interaction, meaning that interorgan differences in contamination level were greater in younger (5–11 months) than in older (18–36 months) animals. Different feeding habits can be the explanation. Our paper shows that muscle sites (diaphragm and tongue) can be useful for radionuclide pollution surveillance in wild boar populations and that younger animals show more interorgan variability in contamination levels than older animals. More investigations are needed to confirm this correlation and to fulfill the request for more data to achieve better risk assessment.
Seromolecular survey and risk factor analysis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus in occupationally exposed herdsmen and unexposed febrile patients in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Daodu Oluwafemi Babatunde , Shaibu Joseph Ojonugwa , Audu Rosemary Ajuma , Oluwayelu Daniel Oladimeji
Published: May 2024

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a globally significant tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes fatal haemorrhagic disease in humans. Despite constituting an ongoing public health threat, limited research exists on the presence of CCHFV among herdsmen, an occupationally exposed population that has prolonged contact with ruminants and ticks. This cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2018 and February 2020 in Kwara State, Nigeria, was aimed at assessing CCHFV seroprevalence among herdsmen and non-herdsmen febrile patients, and identifying the associated risk factors. Blood samples from herdsmen (n = 91) and febrile patients in hospitals (n = 646) were analyzed for anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies and CCHFV S-segment RNA using ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Results revealed a remarkably high CCHFV seroprevalence of 92.3% (84/91) among herdsmen compared to 7.1% (46/646) in febrile patients. Occupational risk factors like animal and tick contact, tick bites, and hand crushing of ticks significantly contributed to higher seroprevalence in the herdsmen (p<0.0001). Herdsmen were 156.5 times more likely (p<0.0001) to be exposed to CCHFV than febrile patients. Notably, the odds of exposure were significantly higher (OR = 191.3; p<0.0001) in herdsmen with a history of tick bites. Although CCHFV genome was not detectable in the tested sera, our findings reveal that the virus is endemic among herdsmen in Kwara State, Nigeria. CCHFV should be considered as a probable cause of febrile illness among humans in the study area. Given the nomadic lifestyle of herdsmen, further investigations into CCHF epidemiology in this neglected population are crucial. This study enhances our understanding of CCHFV dynamics and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions in at-risk communities.
Natural language processing augments comorbidity documentation in neurosurgical inpatient admissions
Authors: Sastry Rahul A. , Setty Aayush , Liu David D. , Zheng Bryan , Ali Rohaid , Weil Robert J. , Roye G. Dean , Doberstein Curtis E. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Niu Tianyi , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Telfeian Albert E.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To establish whether or not a natural language processing technique could identify two common inpatient neurosurgical comorbidities using only text reports of inpatient head imaging.

Materials and methods

A training and testing dataset of reports of 979 CT or MRI scans of the brain for patients admitted to the neurosurgery service of a single hospital in June 2021 or to the Emergency Department between July 1–8, 2021, was identified. A variety of machine learning and deep learning algorithms utilizing natural language processing were trained on the training set (84% of the total cohort) and tested on the remaining images. A subset comparison cohort (n = 76) was then assessed to compare output of the best algorithm against real-life inpatient documentation.

Results

For “brain compression”, a random forest classifier outperformed other candidate algorithms with an accuracy of 0.81 and area under the curve of 0.90 in the testing dataset. For “brain edema”, a random forest classifier again outperformed other candidate algorithms with an accuracy of 0.92 and AUC of 0.94 in the testing dataset. In the provider comparison dataset, for “brain compression,” the random forest algorithm demonstrated better accuracy (0.76 vs 0.70) and sensitivity (0.73 vs 0.43) than provider documentation. For “brain edema,” the algorithm again demonstrated better accuracy (0.92 vs 0.84) and AUC (0.45 vs 0.09) than provider documentation.

Discussion

A natural language processing-based machine learning algorithm can reliably and reproducibly identify selected common neurosurgical comorbidities from radiology reports.

Conclusion

This result may justify the use of machine learning-based decision support to augment provider documentation.
Giancarlo De Carlo’s Realistic Utopia
Authors: Moline Hugo
Published: May 2024

To seek a possible means to navigate the apparent divergence between participation and criticality in architecture, this paper returns to the notion of the “realistic utopia,” developed by one of the leading early exponents of participation, the Italian architect, urbanist, writer and educator, Giancarlo De Carlo. Through a close reading of De Carlo’s principal theoretical works on participation, in this paper it is argued that the realistic utopia offers a distinct conception of the interaction between architectural objects, the processes by which they are formed and the societal structures which frame this formation. It shows that beyond being a means to understand the multi-directional relationship between architecture and society, the realistic utopia offers a conceptual tool to aid action within the complex set of forces at work in this relationship. In this way, it locates the realistic utopia as something of importance beyond an assessment of the work of De Carlo, or even the broader project of participation he fostered, and is here opened up for renewed use by practitioners today.
Jane Drew and Minnette De Silva Pioneering Participatory Architecture in Mid-Century India and Sri Lanka
Authors: Nunes Ines Leonor
Published: May 2024

Jane Drew and Minnette De Silva made significant contributions to the architectural field, namely to the broader frameworks of the mid‑twentieth-century Modern Movement and tropical architecture. They also pioneered inclusive design processes, in line with the discussion of human factors that was just starting to fuel the architectural agenda. Peons’ Village in Chandigarh and Watapuluwa in Kandy are housing schemes resulting from participatory methodologies where both architects promoted dialogue with the populations and integrated regional specificities. The collective engagement, which occurred at different project stages, effectively involved future inhabitants in decision-making and is reflected in the outcome of the projects. Drew and De Silva’s socially engaged architecture envisioned project design as a co‑creation process, contributing to redefining the architect’s role, and aiming to foster a more equitable urban environment toward a better society.
Viagens e diplomacia: Olhares de Eça de Queirós sobre o mundo
Authors: Russo Mariagrazia , Santana Maria Helena , Peixinho Ana Teresa , Felici Maria Serena
Published: May 2024

José Maria Eça de Queirós (1845-1900), além de ser um dos maiores escritores de língua portuguesa, foi diplomata e protagonista de algumas importantes jornadas por vários países. Estas viagens, bem como a atividade consular (em Cuba, Inglaterra e França), entram na sua ficção e nos seus textos de imprensa sob diversas formas, fixando imagens do mundo que são analisadas nos ensaios que compõem este volume.
Precarización de las condiciones de trabajo de jornaleras agrícolas del valle de San Quintín
Authors: Villegas Loeza Diana , Camarena Ojinaga María de Lourdes
Published: May 2024

El presente trabajo, tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de precarización de las condiciones de trabajo de jornaleras agrícolas del Valle de San Quintín, Baja California como resultado de la aplicación de políticas neoliberales en México a partir de la década de 1980. El Valle de San Quintín se ha constituido como un enclave agroexportador que atrae a población migrante proveniente de los estados de Oaxaca y Guerrero con la finalidad de trabajar como jornaleros con condiciones laborales precarias en la cosecha de hortalizas y frutos rojos. Partimos de la idea de que este proceso es el resultado de dos lógicas: el paulatino retiro del Estado en apuntalar las actividades productivas del sector primario del centro y sur del país, lo que trajo consigo crisis en la producción agrícola, la proletarización de los campesinos y el incremento de la migración interna e internacional. Y por el control del mercado por parte de las agroindustrias transnacionales, que se han convertido en el principal espacio de absorción de fuerza de trabajo migrante. Comprendemos la precarización como un proceso que está íntimamente relacionado con las consecuencias devastadoras de la aplicación de las políticas neoliberales y en el que las condiciones de vulnerabilidad e incertidumbre han deteriorado la reproducción de la vida.
Tácito como fuente literaria para el conocimiento jurídico
Authors: Posadas Juan Luis
Published: May 2024

Publio Cornelio Tácito es uno de los mayores historiadores de Roma. Sin embargo, su papel como fuente literaria para el conocimiento jurídico ha sido poco estudiado. En este artículo parece pertinente aproximarnos, desde la Historia Antigua y no desde el Derecho romano, a las menciones a temas jurídicos que aparecen en sus obras.
Damos comienzo a esta tarea no solo porque aluda en casi 400 ocasiones a la temática sino porque su carrera política y profesional -como magistrado y (en nuestra opinión) como abogado- en ejercicio le convirtió en un auténtico experto en el proceso legislativo y judicial romano de su época. Es por eso que, aunque no podemos defender que Tácito fuera un jurisprudente o un jurista, sí podemos plantearnos su sólida competencia en estos asuntos, por lo que debe ser considerado —en nuestra opinión— una fuente de conocimiento jurídico.
Transición digital en la formación y práctica judicial: beneficios y desafíos
Authors: Restrepo Ramírez Alexander , Mejía Azuero Jean Carlo
Published: May 2024

Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica y propositiva en torno a la creciente tendencia de utilizar las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la formación judicial y la administración de justicia en Colombia. El abordaje se realiza a través de la investigación basada en problemas (IBP), como una aproximación descriptiva-analítica a posibles líneas de investigación con base en los programas de formación inicial de la Escuela Judicial “Rodrigo Lara Bonilla”. Se analiza cómo, si bien las TIC y las modalidades de formación virtual y semipresencial representan amplias ventajas frente a los modelos tradicionales de formación presencial transmisionistas o dogmáticos, tales beneficios deben ser evaluados en virtud de factores como la calidad, la transparencia y la equidad, no solo del sistema formativo de la Rama Judicial sino de la administración de justicia. Se concluye que, en virtud de la alta demanda de servicios judiciales y necesidad de flexibilidad en el entrenamiento de ‘jueces y magistrados, son mayores las oportunidades con la transición digital para la formación y práctica judicial que sus riesgos. No obstante, tales transiciones deben ser pensadas integralmente en términos pedagógicos y éticos.
La mediación como defensa del consumidor electrónico. Llamado al proceso ejecutivo simplificado
Authors: Ruiz Nieto Santiago
Published: May 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo, demostrar que en Colombia la regulación en materia de consumo presenta deficiencias en la efectividad del principio pro consumatore, por el desarrollo de un proceso verbal sin la ejecución material del derecho sustancial. En consecuencia, se identificará el vacío normativo en la solución de disputas judiciales y extrajudiciales, para lo cual se plantea la inclusión del proceso ejecutivo simplificado como alternativa para la celeridad del derecho sustancial, consolidando el estado actual de la mediación dentro de los Métodos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos en materia de protección al consumidor y su desarrollo en el comercio electrónico. La metodología se concentra, en la adecuación armónica de la dogmática y la lege ferenda planteadas por el profesor Christian Courtis, que surge de la competencia de la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, para dirimir las controversias de consumo electrónico y su intervención como mediador en las reclamaciones presentadas por los consumidores. En consecuencia, el desarrollo del proyecto de Ley No. 584 de 2021 que actualmente cursa en el Congreso de la República en unión con la adopción del proceso ejecutivo simplificado, concentran los principios de eficiencia, transparencia e imparcialidad en la materia objeto de estudio.
El derecho de retracto en el derecho colombiano: actualidad y perspectivas
Authors: Villalba Cuellar uan Carlos , Pérez Forero Andrea Carolina
Published: May 2024

El consumidor se encuentra protegido por las disposiciones del Estatuto del Consumidor y las normas reglamentarias que lo consideran como el eslabón vulnerable en las relaciones de consumo. Dentro de este ámbito, la adquisición de bienes y servicios para la satisfacción de necesidades propias del consumidor contemplan una serie de mecanismos concretos de protección como el derecho de retracto aplicable a ciertas formas de contratación en que el consumidor se considera más vulnerable. Este artículo se concentrará en el derecho de retracto, para analizar su concepto, naturaleza, modalidades y algunas precisiones conceptuales derivadas de su praxis en el derecho colombiano.
Necesidades jurídicas y de seguridad social en la demencia en Colombia
Authors: Romero Vanegas Sara Julieta , Morad Acero Juliana Patricia , Elizabeth Cuervo Diana
Published: May 2024

La demencia contempla un conglomerado de enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Está catalogada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, como prioridad de salud pública. Dada la importancia de atenderla correctamente y la necesidad de garantizar condiciones para el ejercicio de cuidado de quienes ejercen este rol, este artículo identifica las necesidades en la demencia, relacionadas con la seguridad social y su respuesta desde el derecho. Metodología: Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas con demencia leve y sus cuidadores, así como una búsqueda y análisis de normativas y jurisprudencia de las altas cortes, relacionadas con la demencia. Los hallazgos más relevantes revelan: la ausencia de políticas orientadas a personas con demencia de origen tardío y temprano, barreras en acceso y atención en el sistema de salud, condiciones familiares y sociales que afectan la economía familiar, ausencia de parámetros claros para calificar la demencia y sus diferentes tipos en el decreto 1507 de 2014 y de convenios de flexibilidad laboral para personas con responsabilidades familiares (cuidadores), además, los cuidadores están fuera del sistema de afiliación a riesgos laborales. En conclusión, se hacen necesarias políticas específicas que contemplen la protección de los derechos a la seguridad social de las personas con demencia y sus cuidadores.
Eficacia simbólica de la sanción en el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente (SRPA) frente a Factores de Delincuencia Organizada en Colombia
Authors: Tirado Acero Misael , Sandoval Mesa Jaime Alberto
Published: May 2024

El sistema de infancia y adolescencia fue creado como respuesta al denominado derecho Penal del Adolescente Infractor – en adelante SRPA –2006, mediante la tesis de la protección integral con algunas diferencias del sistema europeo y el anglosajón que en uno y otro caso definen al adolescente, bien como sujeto de máxima protección o en el caso contrario pueden juzgarlo como un adulto. La finalidad principal del sistema colombiano radica en la reparacion y el acompañamiento al menor en busqueda de encaminarlo de la mejor manera posible para su rehabilitacion: social, familiar y escolar, sin embargo dicha finalidad resulta imposible en muchos casos dada la complejidad de cada situacion y la falta de recursos por parte del Estado, dificultando el cumplimiento de la reparación de las víctimas.
FENOMENA ALOE TOGETHER DENGAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU REMAJA DALAM KELUARGA
Authors: Rahmawati Arista Dwi
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAlone together is a condition where a person is more fun using their gadgets than interacting with the surrounding environment. Alone together appears due to several things, namely the duration and time of using the device (HP) in adolescents, applications that are often used by teenagers, the duration and time of communication with family members. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenomenon of alone together with changes in adolescent behavior in the family. This research is a qualitative research using phenomenological research. The informants of this study on students of SMPN 01 Dagangan as many as 6 who experienced alone together out of a total of 10 informants. Data collection is carried out by triangulation of sources, namely parents, teachers and friends of informants. The results of the study conducted on 6 informants obtained statements of experiencing alone together in terms of the duration and time of using the device for more than 5 hours and the time of using the device until late at night, an application that is often used by tik-tok, Youtube and Whatsapp. The duration of the informant's communication with family members is rare and the time of communication during the afternoon and evening (after the maghrib), thus affecting the addiction and emotional, while the other 4 informants do not experience alone together so as not to cause addiction and emotional. The conclusion is that alone together adolescents in the family cause changes in addictive and emotional behavior in their daily lives.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN MATA PADA PEKERJA KANTOR X KARANGANYAR
Authors: Tianto Arum Kurniawati Agnes , Qadrijati Isna , Haryati Sri
Published: May 2024

Office workers X Karanganyar are computer users, with an average duration of computer use in a day of more than 4 hours. The average worker has been working for more than three years and is still exposed to lighting intensity that is less than standard (< 300 lux) with an eighthour workday, putting them at risk of experiencing eye fatigue. This study aims to determine the relationship between lighting intensity, working period, and duration of computer use with complaints of eye fatigue in Karanganyar X Office workers. This study uses an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The research population was 80 people. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with criteria of age 50 and working on a computer for at least 2 hours continuously, and the research sample is 45 people. Measurement of lighting intensity using a Lux meter and eye fatigue using a Visual FatigueIndex (VFI) questionnaire. The results of the bivariate analysis with Somers'd showed that there was a relationship between lighting intensity and complaints of eye fatigue (p-value = 0.030, r = 0.333), there was a relationship between years of service and complaints of eye fatigue (p-value = 0.003, r = 0.457), and there is a relationship between the duration of computer use and complaints of eye fatigue (p-value = 0.028, r = 0.326). To reduce eye fatigue, it can be done by setting up the layout of the workplace, taking breaks in between work, and getting regular eye health checks.
GAMBARAN PRAKTIK MENGGANTI MASKER MASKER BERDASARKAN JENIS MASKER PADA MASYARAKAT DESA SOWAN LOR
Authors: Wulandari Maryam , Udijono Ari , Wurjanto Muhammad Arie , Sutiningsih Dwi
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 is an infectious disease and was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 by WHO. One way to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus is to use a mask. Masks are used for both infected and healthy people. The awareness of the people of Sowan Lor Village in using masks is still relatively low, where the use of masks is only at certain times, and in practice there are still people who replace masks after repeated use. This can lead to inefficient masks in preventing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of masks in the COVID-19 pandemic mass in the people of Sowan Lor Village, Jepara City. This type of research is descriptive using cross sectional method. Samples were taken as many as 102 respondents in the productive age (15-64 years). The results of this study indicate that out of 102 respondents, 53 (52.0%).
PENGARUH PERAN KELUARGA DALAM PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN PERILAKU AGRESIF PRE HOSPITAL PADA KLIEN ODGJ
Authors: Khairani Wittin , Noemperani Septa Rahayu
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of hypertension is a deadly silent killer, meaning that hypertension cannot directly kill the sufferer but can trigger complications, such as: the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure.The family has a role or function to carry out nursing care practices, namely to prevent health problems or treat sick family members. Family is the closest person who can provide support, care and affection to family members who suffer from hypertension and have a history of inpatient and outpatient care.Objective: To determine the influence and differences in the role of the family before and after the effective self-management intervention for preventing complications in hypertensiveMethods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design. The study population was all patients who had a history of hypertension who visited the Kasihan I Health Center, Bantul, DI Yogyakarta from January to August 2022, with a total sample of 30 people, carried out by purposive sampling. The data collection instrument used a respondent characteristic questionnaire, and a questionnaire about knowledge of family roles with effective self-health management interventions for preventing complications in hypertensive patients Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately with q-square test (95% CI).Results: There is an influence in the form of an increase in the role of the family, seen from the difference in the average value from pretest to posttest only 0.7 in the respondents' answers. There is a difference from the pre-test value to the post-test value, seen from the significance of p = 0.000 (p <0.05) after being given treatment/intervention about the role of the family with effective self-management interventions towards preventing complications in hypertensive patientsConclusion :There are influences and differences after the intervention was carried out on respondents regarding the role of the family with self-health management interventions effective in preventing complications in hypertensive patients
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku tentang Obesitas pada Wanita Usia Produktif di Dukuh Gamol, Wilayah Kerja Kecamatan Mangunsari, Kota Salatiga
Authors: Kinansi Revi Rosavika , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Sutiningsih Dwi , Adi Matheus Sakundarno , Widjajanti Wening
Published: May 2024

Obesitas didefinisikan sebagai suatu kondisi akumulasi lemak yang tidak normal atau berlebihan di jaringan adiposa sampai kadar tertentu sehingga dapat merusak kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan obesitas sehingga kedepannya mampu merubah aktivitas dan perilaku yang dapat menyebabkan obesitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif serta analisis bivariat menggunakan metode uji T-Berpasangan. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 72 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang berusia 21-65 tahun dan bersedia menjadi responden. Hasil dari penelitian dengan analisis deskriptif, didapatkan informasi bahwa gambaran status gizi wanita usia produktif di Dukuh Gamol RT.06 sebesar 40,28% berada pada status normal. 60,72% lainnya memiliki kondisi status gizi yang beragam, yaitu 6,94% berada dalam status IMT di bawah rata-rata, dan 52,78% responden berada dalam status IMT di atas rata-rata. Bukan hanya itu, lingkar perut seseorang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indeks massa tubuh seseorang, 76,39% dari total 72 responden wanita usia produktif di Desa Gamol RT. 06 memiliki ukuran lingkar perut di atas 80 cm, padahal menurut Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, batas aman lingkar perut normal bagi pria adalah 90 cm dan untuk wanita adalah 80 cm. Lingkar perut yang melebihi batas ini menandakan bahwa seseorang tersebut memiliki lemak perut yang berlebih. Hasil uji T-Berpasangan yaitu pemberian intervensi kepada masyarakat berupa sosialisasi dan edukasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku warga masyarakat untuk menjaga kesehatan agar terhindar dari bahaya obesitas. Hal ini dapat diketahui melalui nilai-p sebesar 0,000 dari uji-T Berpasangan pada kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Pengetahuan gizi yang baik akan memengaruhi sikap dan perilaku gizi yang baik dalam hal memilih makanan yang bergizi, beragam, dan berimbang.
Hubungan Gerakan Berulang dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Cumulative Trauma Disordes (CTDs) Pekerja Packing di PT Madurasa Unggulan Nusantara, Wonogiri
Authors: Trikuncahyo Ananda Bagus , Rinawati Seviana , Mashuri Yusuf Ari
Published: May 2024

PT Madurasa Unggulan Nusantara merupakan industri yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur pembuatan madu dalam kemasan. Salah satu potensi bahaya pada proses produksi packing adalah CTDs yang dapat disebabkan oleh aktivitas fisik dan gerakan berulang berlebihan dalam jangka waktu lama dan tanpa istirahat yang cukup dalam pelaksanaan proses produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian in adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara gerakan berulang dengan CTDs dan hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan CTDs. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Teknik sampling jenuh sehingga didapatkan sampel sebanyak 40 responden. Peniliaian variabel gerakan berulang menggunakan stopwatch dan variabel aktivitas fisik dan CTDs menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji somers’d dan analisis multivariable menggunakan uji regresi logistic ordinal. Uji somers’d menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gerakang berulang dengan CTDs (nilai p=0,039, r=0,38) dan aktivitas fisik dengan CTDs (nilai p=0,003, r=0,509). Hasil regresi uji logistic ordinal diperoleh bahwa aktivitas fisik (OR=13,673) memiliki pengaruh lebih besar terhadap CTDs dibandingkan gerakan berulang (OR=7,583). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gerakan berulang dengan CTDs dan aktivitas fisik dengan CTDs pada pekerja packing di PT Madurasa Unggulan Nusantara, Wonogiri.
Dampak paparan radiasi sinar x lingkungan terhadap leukosit dari petugas radiologi
Authors: Aji Pramudya Santoso , Mandagi Ayik Mirayanti
Published: May 2024

White blood cells are part of the hematopoetic system that is radiosensitive and are markers for determining the effects and intensity of ionizing radiation. This quantitative study aims to see the effect of ionizing radiation (x-rays) from x-ray services on the white blood cells of radiology officers at advanced health facilities in Pare District, Kediri Regency between September 2022, and January 2023. Using the slovin formula, a total of 60 participants were determined, 30 radiology nurses and 30 comparison groups of administrative officers. When viewed as a whole, the relative number of white blood cells there was no significant difference between the radiology officer group and the administrative officer, but the administrative officer group tended to have a a little higher white blood cell count. Significant differences occurred in the relative number of neutrophils with a significance of 0.0001 (0.05) Neutrophils of radiology officer tended to be smaller than the dissident group. The number of lymphocytes of radiology officer is different from administrative officer and tends to have higher count. Based on the findings it can be indicated if x-ray exposure affects the white blood cell count.
Pericentric Inversion of Human Chromosome 9 Epidemiology Study in Czech Males and Females
Authors: Šípek A. , Panczak Aleš , Mihalová R. , Hrčková L. , Suttrová E. , Sobotka V. , Lonský P. , Kaspříková N. , Gregor V.
Published: May 2024

Pericentric inversion of human chromosome 9 [inv(9)] is a relatively common cytogenetic finding. It is largely considered a clinically insignificant variant of the normal human karyotype. However, numerous studies have suggested its possible association with certain pathologies, e.g., infertility, habitual abortions or schizophrenia. We analysed the incidence of inv(9) and the spectrum of clinical indications for karyotyping among inv(9) carriers in three medical genetics departments in Prague. In their cytogenetic databases, among 26,597 total records we identified 421 (1.6 %) cases of inv(9) without any concurrent cytogenetic pathology. This study represents the world’s largest epidemiological study on inv(9) to date. The incidence of inv(9) calculated in this way from diagnostic laboratory data does not differ from the incidence of inv(9) in three specific populationbased samples of healthy individuals (N = 4,166) karyotyped for preventive (amniocentesis for advanced maternal age, gamete donation) or legal reasons (children awaiting adoption). The most frequent clinical indication in inv(9) carriers was “idiopathic reproductive failure” – 37.1 %. The spectra and percentages of indications in individuals with inv(9) were further statistically evaluated for one of the departments (N = 170) by comparing individuals with inv(9) to a control group of 661 individuals with normal karyotypes without this inversion. The proportion of clinical referrals for “idiopathic reproductive failure” among inv(9) cases remains higher than in controls, but the difference is not statistically significant for both genders combined. Analysis in separated genders showed that the incidence of “idiopathic reproductive failure” could differ among inv(9) female and male carriers.
Nobody Is Perfect: Comparison of the Accuracy of PCR-RFLP and KASP™ Method for Genotyping. ADH1B and FTO Polymorphisms as Examples
Authors: Hubáček Jaroslav A. , Pikhart H. , Peasey A. , Kubínová R. , Bobák M.
Published: May 2024

DNA genotyping is among the most common analyses currently performed in scientific research. Two high-throughput genotyping techniques are widely used – the “classic” PCR-RFLP and probe-based methods such as TaqMan® PCR assay or KASP™ genotyping. The probe-based techniques are claimed to be more accurate than PCR-RFLP; however, the evidence for this claim is sparse. We have directly compared results of genotyping of two SNPs (rs1229984 and rs17817449) obtained by the PCR-RFLP and KASP™ in 1,502 adult Caucasians. The results were identical in 97.3 % and 95.9 % cases, respectively. Discrepancies (either different results or result obtained with one but not with the other method) were addressed by confirmatory analysis using direct sequencing. The sequencing revealed that both methods can give incorrect results, but the frequency of incorrect genotyping of rs1229984 and rs17817449 was very low for both methods – 0.1 % and 0.5 %, respectively, for PCR-RFLP and 0.1 % and 0.3 %, respectively, for KASP™. These results confirm that the KASP™ technique is slightly more accurate, but it achieves slightly lower call rates than PCR-RFLP. When carefully set up, both PCR-RFLP and KASP™ could have accuracy of 99.5 % or higher.