bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic Punitiveness: The Institutionalization of Criminal Domestic Violence Protection Orders
Authors: Horowitz Veronica L. , Larson Ryan , Nobles Allison , Piehowski Victoria , Page Joshua
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes the implementation of a domestic violence law in Minnesota that, in 2006, made the violation of a Domestic Abuse No-Contact Order a felony-level offense. Since this legal change, the rate of conviction for Domestic Abuse No-Contact Order felonies skyrocketed with stark racial disparities among Black and Native American residents, relative to Whites. Analysis of case files reveals that Domestic Abuse No-Contact Order convictions result from a range of behaviors, from seemingly mutual contact between the defendant and protected party to serious physical violence. We argue that the Domestic Abuse No-Contact Order law facilitates pragmatic punitiveness for legal actors. It is easier for prosecutors to demonstrate contact occurred than to prove domestic assault. Yet, the penalty for a Domestic Abuse No-Contact Order is as severe as the penalties for other domestic abuse-related crimes in Minnesota. Thus, the Domestic Abuse No-Contact Order law enables prosecutors to respond forcefully to domestic violence while avoiding additional burdens on their time and resources.
Research Issues in Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Tagare Amit , Vaidya Umesh
Published: November 2021

Extrauterine growth retardation is a major clinical problem in preterm infants. Aggressive nutritional interventions may play an important role to fight this prevalent problem. Parenteral nutrition is almost indispensable part of aggressive nutritional approach in neonates, because of certain limitations of enteral route during first few days of life. Formidable research work done in developed world has resolved certain important issues like dosage regimens. However, still we need to resolve quite a few unanswered queries. This is especially true for Indian context where we deal with a different population of neonates than the developed world. In this article we will discuss both the resolved and unresolved issues regarding neonatal parenteral nutrition and the research priorities for us.
Research priorities in newborn screening
Authors: Nagesh N. Karthik , Singhal Mohit
Published: November 2021

Today, neonatal screening is the best known and most widely used genetics-related preventive pediatric public health initiative in the world. In a developing country like India although newborn screening has been started to some extent in urban cities, it still remains available to less than 1% of total newborn population.1 Guidelines for which disorders are to be screened and which tests are to be done for identifying the disorders are still in the process of being evolved. Various research projects taken by institutions like the Indian Council of Medical Research are being done in various parts of the country to identify commonly prevalent disorders. But still a lot has to be done to specifically identify the incidence and prevalence of these disorders in various states in the country. In India, inspite of the newborn screening tests being available, specific treatments like special diets (e.g. for Phenylketonuria, MSUD and others) are not still available, thus requiring further research at a local level to find out the substitutes. Newer tests for screening and diagnosis are also being developed. For this, proper research is required to identify their sensitivity and specificity.
New limits on the right to freedom of expression from Hamzy v Commissioner of Corrective Services
Authors: Grey Alexandra , Strauss Alice
Published: November 2021

This article examines a 2020 NSW Supreme Court judgment upholding the legality of English-only rules for communications by ‘extreme high risk restricted’ prison inmates. The article focuses on the reasoning regarding claims to human rights to freedom of expression and from racial discrimination. It explains that the decision provides a rare insight into problematic Australian judicial thinking about language choice in expression, the intersection of racial and linguistic discrimination and the characterisation of English as Australia’s ‘official’ or ‘de facto’ national language.
Isolation, Uncertainty and Treatment Delays: Parents’ Experiences of Having a Baby with Cleft Lip/Palate During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Costa Bruna , McWilliams Danielle , Blighe Sabrina , Hudson Nichola , Hotton Matthew , Swan Marc C , Stock Nicola Marie
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Previous literature finds that having a child with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) may pose social and emotional challenges for parents. For parents of children born during the Covid-19 pandemic, such challenges may be heightened. Further, novel demands brought about by the pandemic could have caused additional hardships. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of the pandemic on new parents through qualitative exploration of their experiences.

Design

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of children born in the United Kingdom with CL/P between January and June 2020, around the start of the pandemic. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes, with sub-themes, were identified. The first theme, “ Changes to Healthcare: The Impact of Restrictions and Reduced Contact”, discussed the impact of the pandemic on perinatal care, the care received from the specialist CL/P teams, and parents’ experiences of virtual consultations. The second theme, “Family Functioning During the Pandemic”, covered parental anxiety, fathers’ experiences, and social support. The third theme, “ Surgical Prioritisation: Delays and Uncertainty”, addressed changes to surgical protocols, coping with uncertainty, complications associated with delayed surgery, and how parents created positive meaning from this period.

Conclusions

A range of increased and additional psychosocial impacts for parents were identified, along with several coping strategies, utilization of social support, and the positive aspects of their experiences. As the pandemic continues, close monitoring of families affected by CL/P remains imperative, particularly for those at risk of emotional distress.
Rio 2016 Olympic Games: Brand and the reciprocal effects of touristic destinations
Authors: Ferreira Luciana Brandão , Giraldi Janaina de Moura Engracia , Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira , Jabbour Charbel Jose Chiappetta
Published: November 2021

This study analyzes the effect of Brazil's national tourism brand on the image of Rio de Janeiro as the host city of the 2016 Olympic Games, and the reciprocal effect of Rio de Janeiro on Brazil, considering both as tourist destinations. A quantitative study was employed using structured questionnaires, with a sample of foreign respondents ( n = 340) and a simultaneous equation method. A positive reciprocal effect was found. In general, the perception of a country as a tourist destination influences destinations within that country. However, the Brazil destination brand image did not influence Rio. This situation was proved to be an exception to the rule, the sports mega-event context probably contributing to the result.
Impact of new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro
Authors: Andouard D , Gueye R , Hantz S , Fagnère C , Liagre B , Bernardaud L , Pouget C , Duroux JL , Alain S
Published: November 2021

Background

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is involved in complications on immunocompromised patients. Current therapeutics are associated with several drawbacks, such as nephrotoxicity.

Purpose:

As HCMV infection affects inflammation pathways, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production via cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme (COX-2), we designed 2'-hydroxychalcone compounds to inhibit human cytomegalovirus.

Study design

We first selected the most efficient new synthetic chalcones for their effect against COX-2-catalyzed PGE2.

Study sample

Among the selected compounds, we assessed the antiviral efficacy against different HCMV strains, such as the laboratory strain AD169 and clinical strains (naïve or multi-resistant to conventional drugs) and toxicity on human cells.

Results

The most efficient and less toxic compound (chalcone 7) was tested against HCMV in combination with other antiviral molecules: artesunate (ART), baicalein (BAI), maribavir (MBV), ganciclovir (GCV), and quercetin (QUER) using Compusyn software. Association of chalcone 7 with MBV and BAI is synergistic, antagonistic with QUER, and additive with GCV and ART.

Conclusion

These results provide a promising search path for potential bitherapies against HCMV.
Race, politics, and perceptions of anti-Black and anti-White discrimination over time
Authors: Peacock Navanté , Biernat Monica
Published: November 2021

Race differences in perceptions of discrimination are well documented, but questions remain about contextual- and individual-difference moderators of when White and Black Americans see racial bias. We examined how temporal framing (focusing on past decades or not), race, political party, and domain of discrimination influence discrimination perceptions. Temporal framing did not moderate perceptions for White or Black participants (Study 1). Perceived anti-White and anti-Black discrimination converged over time (from the 1950s to the present), but especially so among White participants (Studies 1 and 2). Domain of discrimination moderated perceptions, with White respondents perceiving the steepest rise in anti-White discrimination and the steepest decline in anti-Black discrimination in the education and employment domains (Study 2). Across both studies, only White Republicans reported that White Americans face more discrimination than Black Americans. This research extends the literature on racial and political divides in discrimination perceptions, and highlights variability in perceptions across discrimination domains.
The effects of language on the stigmatization and exclusion of returning citizens: Results from a survey experiment
Authors: Jackl Hilary M
Published: November 2021

Although the use of person-centered language has increased in recent years, its usage remains limited within the field of criminal justice, wherein terms such as ex-offender are frequently used to describe formerly incarcerated individuals. Research suggests that person-centered language matters for public opinion, but prior work has not examined the effect of language on support for the social reintegration of returning citizens. The present research experimentally manipulates the effects of the language used to describe individuals released from incarceration and the race of a hypothetical returning citizen on the following outcomes: negative stereotype endorsement, attitudinal social distance, and support for reintegrative initiatives. I find that person-centered language significantly reduces stigmatization of returning citizens, which ultimately increases support for reintegrative services. These findings suggest that humanizing changes to criminal justice discourse may have the capacity to shift public opinion and create a social context more conducive to reintegration after incarceration.
Relocating the frame of reference for studying play: Reflections from fieldwork in Chinese rural preschools
Authors: Hsueh Yeh , Liu Tenglong , Mule’ Taylor
Published: November 2021

Western play theories and practices have had a dominant role in creating China's current discursive condition for preschool play. They are also essential to current knowledge production about play. However, this dominance tends to be transferred into rural preschools, which have recently mushroomed and demanded play activities. The authors reflect on their own experience in conducting an ethnographic study of China's rural preschools to propose that the notion of “Asia as method” can help to reconceptualize play theories and practices in China. The authors also envision their study as an effort to relocate the frame of reference of play to transform the existing knowledge structure about play while transforming themselves in studying play in Chinese rural preschools.
Women trafficking networks: Structure and stages of women trafficking in five Dutch small-scale networks
Authors: Diviák Tomáš , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , van der Wijk Fenna , Oosting Indra , Wolters Gerard
Published: November 2021

In this study, we investigated the relation between the different stages of women trafficking (i.e. recruitment, entrance, accommodation, labor, and finance) and the structure of five criminal networks involved in women trafficking in the Netherlands ( Ns ranging from 6 to 15). On the one hand, it could be argued that for efficiency and avoidance of being detected by law enforcement agencies, the network structure might align with the different stages, resulting in a cell-structured network with collaboration between actors within rather than across stages. On the other hand, criminal actors might prefer to collaborate and rely on a few others, whom they trust in order to circumvent the lack of formal opportunities to enforce collaboration and agreements, resulting in a core-periphery network with actors also collaborating across stages. Results indicate that three of the five networks were characterized by a core-periphery structure, whereas the two other networks exhibit a mixture of both a cell-structured and core-periphery network. Furthermore, using an Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM), we found that actors were likely to form ties with each other in the stages of recruitment, accommodation, and exploitation, but not in the stages of transport and finance.
Effect of Multiple Medicines on Dementia Initial Treatment: Experience and Thinking
Authors: Gan Jinghuan , Wang Meng , Liu Shuai , Chen Zhichao , Wang Xiao-Dan , Ji Yong
Published: November 2021

Little is known about multiple medicines and initial therapy among people with dementia. To examine the effect of multiple medicines on the initiation of anti-dementia therapy in patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment (CI), a retrospective study with 2742 CI patients was conducted based on the outpatients’ medical records. The dementias receiving 1–2 drugs were more likely to be prescribed with anti-dementia (one drug: OR = 1.877; two drugs: OR = 1.770) and psychotropic (one drug: OR = 1.980) treatment, whereas had lower chances of receiving psychotropic medication with the combinations of more than three drugs (Alzheimer’s disease: OR = .365; vascular dementia: OR = .940; frontotemporal lobe degeneration: OR = .957; and dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson’s disease dementia: OR = .952). Multiple medicines can affect anti-dementia therapy initiation in dementia patients and should be paid extreme caution.
Overall and cancer-specific survival in patients with breast Paget disease: A population-based study
Authors: Hu Tingting , Chen Zhiyuan , Hou Meng , Lin Kezhi
Published: November 2021

Paget disease of the breast is an uncommon malignant tumor with an inferior outcome. Therefore, establishing nomograms to predict the survival outcomes of breast Paget disease patients is urgent. Clinicopathological and follow-up data of breast Paget disease patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 were retrieved through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. The significant factors were screened out, and then those factors were utilized to build two valuable nomograms. The discriminative ability of nomograms was investigated using concordance-index (C-index), while the predictive accuracy and benefits were evaluated using calibration curves and decision curve analysis. Finally, a total of 417 breast Paget disease patients were enrolled. Tumor grade, histological type, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and marital status were confirmed as independent overall survival (OS)-related factors; tumor grade, histological type, AJCC stage, and age were associated with independent cancer-specific survival (CSS)-related factors. The values of the C-index for OS nomogram acquired were 0.827 and 0.745 for training and validation cohorts, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding values of the C-index to CSS nomogram were 0.890 and 0.655, respectively. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis indicated that both nomograms had an excellent performance. Finally, the nomogram-based risk stratification system indicated that all breast Paget disease patients could be classified into low- and high-risk groups and showed distinct outcomes. In conclusion, two valuable nomograms incorporating various clinicopathological indicators were established for breast Paget disease patients. These prognostic nomograms provide accurate prognostic assessment for breast Paget disease patients and help clinicians select appropriate treatment strategies.
Multijoint passive elastic spine exoskeleton for stoop lifting assistance
Authors: Song Jiyuan , Zhu Aibin , Tu Yao , Zou Jiajun
Published: November 2021

In the task of carrying heavy objects, it is easy to cause back injuries and other musculoskeletal diseases. Although wearable robots are designed to reduce this danger, most existing exoskeletons use high-stiffness mechanisms, which are beneficial to load-bearing conduction, but this restricts the natural movement of the human body, thereby causing ergonomic risks. This article proposes a back exoskeleton composed of multiple elastic spherical hinges inspired by the biological spine. This spine exoskeleton can assist in the process of bending the body and ensure flexibility. We deduced the kinematics model of this mechanism and established an analytical biomechanical model of human–robot interaction. The mechanism of joint assistance of the spine exoskeleton was discussed, and experiments were conducted to verify the flexibility of the spine exoskeleton and the effectiveness of the assistance during bending.
Methodological challenges in pragmatic trials in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: Opportunities for improvement
Authors: Taljaard Monica , Li Fan , Qin Bo , Cui Caroline , Zhang Leyi , Nicholls Stuart G , Carroll Kelly , Mitchell Susan L
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims

We need more pragmatic trials of interventions to improve care and outcomes for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. However, these trials present unique methodological challenges in their design, analysis, and reporting—often, due to the presence of one or more sources of clustering. Failure to account for clustering in the design and analysis can lead to increased risks of Type I and Type II errors. We conducted a review to describe key methodological characteristics and obtain a “baseline assessment” of methodological quality of pragmatic trials in dementia research, with a view to developing new methods and practical guidance to support investigators and methodologists conducting pragmatic trials in this field.

Methods

We used a published search filter in MEDLINE to identify trials more likely to be pragmatic and identified a subset that focused on people living with Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias or included them as a defined subgroup. Pairs of reviewers extracted descriptive information and key methodological quality indicators from each trial.

Results

We identified N = 62 eligible primary trial reports published across 36 different journals. There were 15 (24%) individually randomized, 38 (61%) cluster randomized, and 9 (15%) individually randomized group treatment designs; 54 (87%) trials used repeated measures on the same individual and/or cluster over time and 17 (27%) had a multivariate primary outcome (e.g. due to measuring an outcome on both the patient and their caregiver). Of the 38 cluster randomized trials, 16 (42%) did not report sample size calculations accounting for the intracluster correlation and 13 (34%) did not account for intracluster correlation in the analysis. Of the 9 individually randomized group treatment trials, 6 (67%) did not report sample size calculations accounting for intracluster correlation and 8 (89%) did not account for it in the analysis. Of the 54 trials with repeated measurements, 45 (83%) did not report sample size calculations accounting for repeated measurements and 19 (35%) did not utilize at least some of the repeated measures in the analysis. No trials accounted for the multivariate nature of their primary outcomes in sample size calculation; only one did so in the analysis.

Conclusion

There is a need and opportunity to improve the design, analysis, and reporting of pragmatic trials in dementia research. Investigators should pay attention to the potential presence of one or more sources of clustering. While methods for longitudinal and cluster randomized trials are well developed, accessible resources and new methods for dealing with multiple sources of clustering are required. Involvement of a statistician with expertise in longitudinal and clustered designs is recommended.
Consecrating and Desecrating Elite Communities: Fearing and Dealing with Social Deviance in Sweden’s Wealthiest Neighborhood
Authors: Holmqvist Mikael
Published: November 2021

In this article I report observations from an ethnographic study of a Swedish economic elite community, including interviews with residents and service staff, and participant observations in various social contexts stretching over a period of five years that can contribute to an understanding of how elite communities respond to potential social deviance among its members, such as feelings of insufficiency and stress, thus trying to avoid any ‘desecration’ of their social and cultural capital. Specifically, I examine how the practices through which desecration is avoided, for example the exclusion of unwanted members, interplay in the further consecration of the communities, thus maintaining and strengthening elites’ status and standing, Studying the problems and difficulties experienced by elites in their neighborhood settings, and how they try to manage them, is potentially an important step forward to better analyze and understand the way powerful groups in contemporary society maintain and strengthen their privileges and power.
Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Review of Evidence for Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Strand Natalie H. , Burkey Adam R.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Neuropathies, the most common complication of diabetes, manifest in various forms, including entrapments, mononeuropathies or, most frequently, a distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in the classic “stocking” distribution is a disease of increasing prevalence worldwide and a condition for which standard medical treatment only provides modest relief. Neuromodulation offers a potential alternative to pharmacotherapies given its demonstrated efficacy in other refractory chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. High-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is available in these other settings for two approaches to spinal cord stimulation (SCS): (1) conventional low-frequency SCS (LF-SCS), which modulates axonal activity in the dorsal column and is paresthesia-dependent, and (2) high-frequency SCS delivered at 10 kilohertz (10 kHz SCS), which targets neurons in the superficial dorsal horn and is paresthesia-independent.

Method:

This review examines the evidence for SCS from published RCTs as well as prospective studies exploring the safety and effectiveness of treating PDN with neuromodulation.

Results:

Two RCTs enrolling 60 and 36 participants with PDN showed treatment with LF-SCS reduced daytime pain by 45% to 55% for up to two years. An RCT testing 10 kHz SCS versus conventional medical management (CMM) in 216 participants with PDN revealed 76% mean pain relief after six months of stimulation. None of the studies revealed unexpected safety issues in the use of neuromodulation in this patient population.

Conclusion:

These well-designed RCTs address the unmet need for improved PDN therapies and provide data on the safety, effectiveness, and durability of SCS therapy.
MiStay: Web-based hourly hotel accommodation service
Authors: Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Talukdar Amreen , Khan Md. Muinuddin , Ahmed Asma
Published: November 2021

This case focuses on initiatives taken by the Indian travel tech company MiStay during the COVID-19 pandemic and describes the unique strategies that forced its presence into the accommodation industry of India. The travel tech company acts as a liaison between hotels and travellers. With its online booking system, travellers can book rooms on an hourly basis. This discussion is based on the various hiccups the company has faced along with how the new idea of flexible room booking systems benefit all relevant parties. Here, the focus is on the change of the century-old hotel booking system, resulting in the creation of a new era for accommodation businesses. The changing perception caused by this paradigm shift in hotel booking systems is going to impact the hospitality industry as MiStay may face many potential competitors in the future.
Evaluation of short-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis from Latin America
Authors: Alonso Ricardo , Chertcoff Aníbal , Leguizamón Felisa del V , Galleguillos Goiry Lorna , Eizaguirre Maria B , Rodríguez Roberto , Sosa Marta , Carballido Susana , Cruchet Verónica , de Jong-Martis Agnes , Giachello Susana , Henestroza Paula , Ferrandina Flavia , Bauer Johana , Carrá Adriana , Silva Berenice A
Published: November 2021

Background

To date, there are no data available on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in Latin American patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Objective

Characterize safety of COVID-19 vaccines in Latin American (LATAM) patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS).

Methods

A cross-sectional study between February 1, 2021, and April 30, 2021. Individuals with MS from LATAM countries were invited to participate in a self-administered web-based survey, through MS patient organizations from the region.

Results

393 vaccinated pwMS from 10 different Latin American countries were included. The vaccines administered were: inactivated virus vaccines (IVV) in 38.2% of patients, adenovirus vector vaccines (AdV) in 48.8% and mRNA vaccines 13%. All patients received at least one dose of any of the COVID-19 vaccines and 123 (31.3%) declared receiving a second dose. Mean (SD) age 41.5 (11.8) years, 82.4% female, MS disease duration: 8.4 (8.2) years. No serious adverse events were reported with any of the COVID-19 vaccines after either the first or second dose. A lower frequency of adverse events was found with IVV (22%) in comparison with AdV (46.4%) and mRNA (35.3%) ( p < 0.01). Five participants reported having an MS relapse after IVV first dose.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccines applied in LATAM proved safe for MS patients.
Graduate Students’ Identification With Science: Differences by Demographics, Experiences, and Discipline
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Dabbs Ellory , Darragh Riley
Published: November 2021

Research examining high school and undergraduate students has demonstrated the importance of identity formation for students’ confidence, retention, and aspirations in science. While we know some of the key predictors of science identity formation among these populations, relatively little work has looked at these issues among graduate students. The study presented here utilizes data from a survey of over 1,300 graduate students in the United States in five disciplines: biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, and sociology. A structural equation model is estimated to assess the demographic, experiential, and disciplinary correlates of graduate student identification with science and, separately, identification with their discipline. The analysis finds that, relative to men, women have weaker identification with science but do not differ in the strength of their identification with their discipline. Experiences, such as the quality of students’ relationship with their advisor and publishing research, are positively associated with the strength of their science and disciplinary identity. Students in psychology and sociology have weaker identification with science relative to biology students, while sociology students also have weaker identification with their discipline.
Provider and Patient Perspectives of Rapid ART Initiation and Streamlined HIV Care: Qualitative Insights From Eastern African Communities
Authors: Mwangwa Florence , Getahun Monica , Itiakorit Harriet , Jain Vivek , Ayieko James , Owino Lawrence , Akatukwasa Cecilia , Maeri Irene , Koss Catherine A. , Chamie Gabriel , Clark Tamara D. , Kabami Jane , Atukunda Mucunguzi , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Sang Norton , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Kamya Moses R. , Petersen Maya L. , Cohen Craig R. , Charlebois Edwin D. , Havlir Diane V. , Camlin Carol S.
Published: November 2021

The Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health (SEARCH), a universal test and treat (UTT) trial, implemented ‘Streamlined Care’—a multicomponent strategy including rapid linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) start, 3-monthly refills, viral load counseling, and accessible, patient-centered care provision. To understand patient and provider experiences of Streamlined Care to inform future care innovations, we conducted in-depth interviews with patients ( n = 18) and providers ( n = 28) at baseline (2014) and follow-up (2015) ( n = 17 patients; n = 21 providers). Audio recordings were transcribed, translated, and deductively and inductively coded. Streamlined Care helped to decongest clinic spaces and de-stigmatize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care. Patients credited the individualized counselling, provider-assisted HIV status disclosure, and providers’ knowledge of patient's drug schedules, availability, and phone call reminders for their care engagement. However, for some, denial (repeated testing to disprove HIV+ results), feeling healthy, limited understanding of the benefits of early ART, and anticipated side-effects, and mistrust of researchers hindered rapid ART initiation. Patients’ short and long-term mobility proved challenging for both patients and providers. Providers viewed viral load counselling as a powerful tool to convince otherwise healthy and high-CD4 patients to initiate ART. Patient-centered HIV care models should build on the successes of Streamlined Care, while addressing persistent barriers.

#NCT01864683— https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01864603
The 50 Top-Cited Articles on the Posterior Cruciate Ligament: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Sinha Siddhartha , Arora Rajesh , Gaba Sahil , Khan Rizwan , Kumar Mukesh
Published: November 2021

Background:

Limited attention has been paid to the natural history, management, and treatment outcomes related to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)–deficient knee joint.

Purpose:

To perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to evaluate the 50 top-cited articles in PCL research.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

We performed a keyword-based search in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science to generate a list of the 50 most cited articles relevant to the PCL. The included articles were analyzed according to journal, country of origin, publication year, total number of citations, citations per year, citation trends, and type of study (clinical vs basic science).

Results:

The 50 top-cited articles were published between 1975 and 2012, and the number of individual article citations ranged between 98 and 410. The listed articles were published in 7 journals, with the American Journal of Sports Medicine contributing to more than half of the articles and citations. The United States contributed the most articles (84%) and citations (n = 4873). There were 32 clinical studies and 18 basic science studies. All clinical studies had level 4 clinical evidence, and topics included the natural history of PCL tears, factors predicting the need for surgical intervention, and long-term outcomes of isolated PCL injuries and combined capsuloligamentous injuries. Most (77.8%) of the top-cited basic science articles consisted of experimental or biomechanical studies on human cadaveric knees.

Conclusion:

The current analysis suggests that PCL research is still evolving and needs high-quality prospective evidence to establish sound recommendations.
Is Serum Lactate a Good Predictor of Mortality in Children Aged 2 Months to 5 Years With Pneumonia in Central Vietnam
Authors: Bui-Binh-Bao Son , Nguyen-Thi-My Trang , Nguyen-Duy-Nam Anh , Kim Hoa Nguyen Thi , Pham-Van Dung
Published: November 2021

Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children globally. Lactate, a product of anaerobic cellular metabolism, has been used as an indicator of poor tissue oxygenation and cellular hypoxia. Our objective was to determine whether serum lactate concentration at hospital admission predicted mortality in children aged 2 months to 5 years with pneumonia. Two hundred and eighty-one pediatric patients admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of a provincial hospital with WHO-defined pneumonia and severe pneumonia were included; of whom, 8 died during hospital stay. The median serum lactate concentration was 4.8 mmol/l (IQR 2.6-6.9) among children who died and 3.6 mmol/l (IQR 2.8-4.3) among children who survived ( P > .05); 4.1 mmol/l (IQR 2.7-4.7) among children with severe pneumonia and 3.5 mmol/l (IQR 2.8-4.3) among children with pneumonia ( P > .05). Serum lactate concentration had a low value in predicting pneumonia-related mortality (AUC 0.68, 95% CI 0.62-0.73); and the concentration cut-off of >4.06 mmol/l had the best sensitivity and specificity (75% and 68.9%, respectively) with a 2.4-fold risk of death (LR+ 2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.7). Although hyperlactatemia was associated with severity and mortality in children 2 months to 5 years of age with pneumonia, its benefit was unclear.
President’s Address, 22nd Biennial International Conference of the International Consortium for Social Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 13–16 July 2021
Authors: Pawar Manohar
Published: November 2021

The president’s address includes welcome and concluding speeches covering the main global issues of the time, the acknowledgement of organisers, Social Development Leadership Awards, the summary of achievements in the first term and vision for the International Consortium for Social Development in the second term.
Humoral response to mRNA anti–COVID-19 vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bagacean Cristina , Letestu Rémi , Al-Nawakil Chadi , Brichler Ségolène , Lévy Vincent , Sritharan Nanthara , Delmer Alain , Dartigeas Caroline , Leblond Véronique , Roos-Weil Damien , Tomowiak Cécile , Merabet Fatiha , Béné Marie C. , Clavert Aline , Chaoui Driss , Genet Philippe , Guieze Romain , Laribi Kamel , Drénou Bernard , Willems Lise , Puppinck Christian , Legendre Hugo , Troussard Xavier , Malartre Stéphanie , Cymbalista Florence , Michallet Anne-Sophie
Published: November 2021

Immunocompromised individuals such as patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at risk of impaired immune responses to vaccination. The objective of our study was to evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific antibody responses in patients with CLL after the first, second, and third doses of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines and after a single dose for patients with confirmed previous COVID-19. In all, 530 patients were included in the study. Patients received 2 doses at a 4-week interval and a third dose if they were seronegative after the second dose. Response rate was 27% after dose 1 and 52% after dose 2. Post-dose 2 treatment-naïve patients had the highest response rate (72%) followed by patients previously treated by chemoimmunotherapy (60%). Among patients receiving therapy, those receiving Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor alone (22%) or in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies or venetoclax (0%) had the poorer response rate whereas patients who received venetoclax monotherapy achieved a significantly higher response rate (52%). A multivariable analysis identified age older than 65 years, ongoing CLL treatment, and gamma globulin ≤6 g/L as independent predictors of the absence of seroconversion. Post-dose 2 seronegative patients had a global response rate of 35% after dose 3. This study provides an argument for the use of a third dose and for prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.
Photovoltaic Characteristics of GaSe/MoSe2 Heterojunction Devices
Authors: Ishikawa Ryousuke , Ko Pil Ju , Anzo Ryoutaro , Woo Chang Lim , Oh Gilgu , Tsuboi Nozomu
Published: November 2021

The two-dimensional materials have the thickness of an atomic layer level and are expected as alternative materials for future electronics and optoelectronics due to their specific properties. Especially recently, transition metal monochalcogenides and dichalcogenides have attracted attention. Since these materials have a band gap unlike graphene and exhibit a semiconductor property even in a single layer, application to a new flexible optoelectronics is expected. In this study, the photovoltaic characteristics of a GaSe/MoSe2 heterojunction device using two-dimensional semiconductors, p-type GaSe and n-type MoSe2, were investigated. The heterojunction device was prepared by transferring GaSe and MoSe2 onto the substrate which the titanium electrodes were fabricated through a mechanical peeling method. The current–voltage characteristics of the GaSe/MoSe2 heterojunction device were measured in a dark condition and under light irradiation using a solar simulator. The irradiation light intensity was changed from 0.5 to 1.5 sun. It was found that when the illuminance was increased in this illuminance range, both the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage increased. The open-circuit voltage and the energy conversion efficiency were 0.41 V and 0.46% under 1.5 sun condition, respectively.
Primary scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses in patients with congenital lens subluxation
Authors: Wang Anjian , Fan Qi , Jiang Yongxiang , Lu Yi
Published: November 2021

Objective

We investigated the long-term visual outcomes and ocular complications of primary scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses (SF-PC-IOLs) in patients with congenital lens subluxation.

Methods

We enrolled 53 patients (77 eyes) with congenital lens subluxation caused by ectopia lentis, Marfan syndrome, and Weill–Marchesani syndrome who underwent primary implantation of a SF-PC-IOL. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination include visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), intraocular lenses (IOL) position, intraoperative complications and postoperative complications. Cox regression analysis and survival analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative complications.

Results

Seventy seven eyes from 53 patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 23 ± 20 years (5 to 67 years), with a mean follow-up of 39 ± 27 months (12 to 130 months). The best-corrected VA improved from 0.84 ± 0.55 to 0.26 ± 0.43 logarithms of the minimum angle of resolution (p < 0.001). Best-corrected VA improved postoperatively in 73 eyes (94%). The main causes of reduced vision after surgery were retinal pathologies and amblyopia. Complications included transient intraocular haemorrhage (2 eyes, 2.6%), early vitreous incarceration (2 eyes, 2.6%), retinal detachment (6 eyes, 7.8%) and IOL dislocation (3 eyes, 3.9%). Cox regression showed that postoperative eye trauma was a risk factor for long-term postoperative complications.

Conclusion

SF-PC-IOLs provide good visual outcomes in patients with congenital lens subluxation. The SF-PC-IOLs showed good stability, except in patients suffering from postsurgical eye trauma.
Population knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance: results from national household survey 2019 and changes from 2017
Authors: Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Chanvatik Sunicha , Kosiyaporn Hathairat , Kirivan Supapat , Kaewkhankhaeng Wanwisa , Thunyahan Apichart , Lekagul Angkana
Published: November 2021

Background

Lack of knowledge and awareness on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can result in irrational use of antibiotics, which is one of the major drivers of AMR. One goal of the Thailand National Strategic Plan on AMR (2017-2021) is a 20% increase in public knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use and AMR by 2021. This study assesses antibiotic use, level of knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use and AMR and the factors associated with their knowledge and awareness in the Thai population in 2019. It compares findings with a similar national survey in 2017.

Methods

An AMR module was integrated into the Health and Welfare Survey, a biennial national household survey conducted by the National Statistical Office since 2017. The 2019 survey took place in March, through face-to-face interviews with 27,900 Thai adults aged 15 years or above who participated in the survey and compares 2019 findings with those from 2017.

Results

One month prior to the survey, 6.3% of population reported use of antibiotics (reduced from 7.9% to 2017), of which 98.1% received antibiotics through healthcare professionals and almost half (43.2%) for flu symptoms. During the last 12 months, 21.5% of Thai adults received information on the appropriate use of antibiotics and AMR (increased from 17.8% to 2017); mostly through health professionals (82.7%). On knowledge, 24.3% of adults gave correct answers to more than three out of six statements (three true and three false statements) (increased from 23.7% to 2017). The overall mean score of awareness of appropriate antibiotic use and AMR is 3.3 out of total score of 5.

Conclusions

Although progress was made on knowledge and awareness between 2017 and 2019, certain practices, such as use of antibiotics for flu symptoms and receiving information about antibiotic use and AMR, are inappropriate and inadequate. These findings require significant action, notably strengthening health professionals’ ability to prescribe and dispense antibiotics appropriately and effective communication with patients. The government should promote specific information on rational use of antibiotics and AMR to specific target groups.
Communicating scientific uncertainty in a rapidly evolving situation: a framing analysis of Canadian coverage in early days of COVID-19
Authors: Capurro Gabriela , Jardine Cynthia G. , Tustin Jordan , Driedger Michelle
Published: November 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic brought the production of scientific knowledge onto the public agenda in real-time. News media and commentators analysed the successes and failures of the pandemic response in real-time, bringing the process of scientific inquiry, which is also fraught with uncertainty, onto the public agenda. We examine how Canadian newspapers framed scientific uncertainty in their initial coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic and how journalists made sense of the scientific process.

Methods

We conducted a framing analysis of 1143 news stories and opinion during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative analysis software, our analysis focused, first, on how scientific uncertainty was framed in hard news and opinion discourse (editorial, op-ed). Second, we compared how specialist health and science reporters discussed scientific evidence versus non-specialist reporters in hard news and columns.

Results

Uncertainty emerged as a “master frame” across the sample, and four additional framing strategies were used by reporters and commentators when covering the pandemic: (1), evidence -focusing on presence or absence of it-; (2) transparency and leadership -focusing on the pandemic response-; (3) duelling experts – highlighting disagreement among experts or criticizing public health decisions for not adhering to expert recommendations-; and (4) mixed messaging -criticizing public health communication efforts. While specialist journalists understood that scientific knowledge evolves and the process is fraught with uncertainty, non-specialist reporters and commentators expressed frustration over changing public health guidelines, leading to the politicization of the pandemic response and condemnation of elected officials’ decisions.

Conclusions

Managing scientific uncertainty in evolving science-policy situations requires timely and clear communication. Public health officials and political leaders need to provide clear and consistent messages and access to data regarding infection prevention guidelines. Public health officials should quickly engage in communication course corrections if original messages are missing the intended mark, and clearly explain the shift. Finally, public health communicators should be aware of and more responsive to a variety of media reporters, who will bring different interpretative frames to their reporting. More care and effort are needed in these communication engagements to minimize inconsistencies, uncertainty, and politicization.
State of art in intra-articular hip injections of different medications for osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Ferrara Paola Emilia , Codazza Sefora , Coraci Daniele , Malerba Giuseppe , Ferriero Giorgio , Ronconi Gianpaolo
Published: November 2021

Background

Intra-articular hip injections for osteoarthritis represent a useful instrument to reduce pain and disability in the common clinical practice. Several medications can be injected locally with different level of evidence-based efficacy.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of intra-articular injections of different medications or substances for the pain treatment and the management of disability in subjects affected by hip osteoarthritis.

Methods

Two reviewers selected independently randomised controlled trials published in the last 10 years, using PubMed and Scopus databases. The risk of bias was evaluated with Cochrane library assessment tool.

Results

12 randomised controlled trials have been selected. We found 8 papers comparing hyaluronic acid with platelet rich plasma, with corticosteroids and with saline solution; 1 paper compares two types of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weights; 3 papers study the effects of corticosteroids alone or compared to ketorolac or saline solution.

Conclusions

The studies reviewed were heterogeneous regarding sample size, level of osteoarthritis, evaluated with Kellegren-Lawrence score, medications used and follow up timings. However, we have observed that intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma seem to decrease pain at short term and disability at long term, in patients affected by hip osteoarthritis better than hyaluronic acid. The association of hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids could give better results compared to hyaluronic acid alone, while the use of intra-articular ketorolac and saline solution requires more studies.