bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors in Chinese Patients With Penile Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Li Xuesong , Garcia Maurice M. , Gong Kan , Song Yi , He Zhisong , Zhou Liqun
Published: November 2012

Abstract: The incidence of penile cancer varies by ethnicity and is not well described among Chinese patients. We performed a retrospective study to assess the prognostic factors in Chinese patients with penile invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We reviewed the medical records of 83 consecutive patients treated at the National Urological Cancer Center (Beijing, China). The Kaplan‐Meier method, log‐rank test, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used to identify the prognostic factors predicting for cancer‐specific survival (CSS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the predictive factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM). A total of 55 patients were followed. Twelve patients (20%) died from the disease during follow‐up. By univariate analysis, older age (≥49 years; P / .048), radical resection (compared with local/partial resection; P = .040), high histological grade (P = .037), and LNM (P < .001) were each associated with poor prognosis. By multivariate analysis, chronological age (P = .011) and LNM (P = .002) were independent prognostic factors. High histological grade (P = .003) was an independent predictive factor for LNM. In our series, chronological age and LNM were independent prognostic factors for CSS. The histological grade, not the tumor stage, was still an influential predictive factor of LNM in Chinese patients with penile SCC.
Comparison of the Results and Complications of Retroperitoneal, Microsurgical Subinguinal, and High Inguinal Approaches in the Treatment of Varicoceles
Authors: Shiraishi Koji , Oka Shintaro , Ito Hideaki , Matsuyama Hideyasu
Published: November 2012

Abstract: The simplicity of the surgical procedure, as well as the high rate of success and low rate of complications, is of particular importance for varicocelectomies. We compared operative parameters, complication rates, and sperm parameters after retroperitoneal, microsurgical subinguinal and high inguinal varicocelectomy approaches in infertile men with varicoceles. This study included 307 infertile men with left varicoceles who underwent varicocelectomy by the retroperitoneal (n = 43), microsurgical subinguinal (n = 107), or high inguinal (n / 157) approach. The operative time was shorter for the retroperitoneal approach (29 minutes) compared with the microsurgical approaches and was significantly shorter for the high inguinal approach (52 minutes) compared with the subinguinal approach (66 minutes). Pain, as assessed by a visual analogue scale, and the use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were greatest following the retroperitoneal approach and significantly preferable following the high inguinal compared with the subinguinal approach. Recurrence/hydrocele was observed in 9.3%/9.3%, 0.9%/0.9%, and 1.3%/0.6% of patients after use of the retroperitoneal, subinguinal, and high inguinal approaches, respectively. Significant postoperative improvements in sperm concentration and motility were observed after all approaches, but such improvements were observed sooner and showed higher sperm concentration and motility after the use of the microsurgical approaches. Both microsurgical subinguinal and high inguinal approaches yielded comparable success rates, but the operative time and pain control were superior with the high inguinal approach. Because of its favorable safety profile, the microsurgical high inguinal approach should be of value to both experienced microsurgeons and trainees.
Hypoxia‐Induced Deacetylation Is Required for Tetraploid Differentiation in Response to Testicular Ischemia‐Reperfusion (IR) Injury
Authors: Hou Wugang , Dong Yushu , Zhang Jinshan , Yin Zhongmin , Wen Hua , Xiong Lize , Li Wei
Published: November 2012

Abstract: Accumulated understanding of epigenetic modifications during ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury suggests that additional targeted approaches and novel mechanisms that have not been explored in the reproductive system underlie the pathogenesis. Here we show, with a standard murine model of testicular IR, ischemia‐induced histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the testis with concomitant reduction in histone acetyl transferase activity in vivo. Pretreatment with chemical HDAC inhibitors significantly induced apoptosis in tetraploid pachytene spermatocytes during ischemic insult and thereafter resulted in attenuated meiotic differentiation. We also identified the distinct HDACs involved in primary spermatocytes upon hypoxic stress. In vitro, elevated expression of HDAC2 was physiologically associated with p53, a master regulator believed to be a guardian of genome integrity during spermatogenesis. p53‐mediated apoptosis was inhibited by deacetylation of p53 in differentiating pachytene spermatocytes in response to ischemic stress. Overall, the current data suggest that hypoxia‐induced deacetylation may operate as an indispensible defensive mechanism for meiotic differentiation during the ischemic period of IR testis, thus pointing to a novel therapeutic target for future medical intervention.
Erectile Dysfunction and Extramarital Sex Induced by Timed Intercourse: A Prospective Study of 439 Men
Authors: Bak Chong Won , Lyu Sang Woo , Seok Hyun Ha , Byun Jae Sang , Lee Jee Han , Shim Sung Han , Yoon Tae Ki
Published: November 2012

Abstract: During the fertile window of a woman's menstrual cycle, the effect of impending timed intercourse (TI) on the psychological well‐being and behavior of male partners has not been thoroughly investigated, despite the fact that men comprise one half of each couple endeavoring to achieve natural conception. This prospective study consisting of 439 men was conducted during a 3‐year period between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2011. Various characteristics were evaluated, including newly acquired erectile dysfunction (ED); extramarital sex (EMS); intake of soft drinks (SD); levels of hormones, such as follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), prolactin, and estradiol (E2); and semen parameters. A total of 188 men (42.8%) experienced ED and 47 men (10.7%) engaged in EMS. As the number of TI episodes increased, the number of men with ED and EMS and those who wanted to avoid TI also increased (all, P < .0001). All 47 men who reported EMS experienced ED with their spouses. Men who consumed SDs produced significantly smaller volumes of semen (P / .0363). Among the hormones investigated, the levels of LH, T, and E2 were significantly lower in men with ED (all, P < .05) whereas the level of FSH was higher in contrast to E2, which was significantly higher in men who had EMS (both, P < .01). TI imposes a great deal of stress on male partners evoking ED and, in some cases, causing these men to seek EMS. Physicians and clinicians should acknowledge the potential harmful effects of TI on men. Furthermore, both female and male partners should also be cautioned about the increased possibilities of ED and EMS as TI incidents increase.
Questions About Spermatogonia Posed and Answered Since 2000
Authors: de Rooij Dirk G. , Griswold Michael D.
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This review focuses on 3 important advances in our understanding of rodent spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) that have emerged since 2000: the identity of SSC, the existence of a SSC niche, and gene expression in spermatogonia. It is now apparent that the original scheme, in which the Asingle(As) spermatogonia are the only stem cells, may be too simple. Rather, separation of pairs of Apaired (Apr) spermatogonia into singles might also play a role in the steady state situation. However, evidence that in the normal epithelium fragmentation of chains of Aaligned (Aal) spermatogonia into smaller clones also plays a role is not yet conclusive. New evidence presented during the last decade indicates that the As,Apr, and Aal (As,pr,al) spermatogonia are not localized at random over the tubule basal lamina, as originally assumed, but are restricted to those areas that border on interstitial tissue and, in particular, to areas containing venules and arterioles, suggesting a specific relationship of this localization with a possible SSC niche. Finally, gene expression studies are showing how both extrinsic factors produced by Sertoli cells and intrinsic factors that are products of the germ cells act either to maintain progenitor cells or to promote differentiation and the commitment to meiosis. Taken together, this new knowledge adds to our understanding of the balance between 2 opposing forces: one promoting the undifferentiated state and the other promoting the commitment to meiosis and differentiation that is essential for spermatogenesis to proceed.
Penile Veins Are the Principal Component in Erectile Rigidity: A Study of Penile Venous Stripping on Defrosted Human Cadavers
Authors: Hsu Geng‐Long , Hung Yi‐Ping , Tsai Mang‐Hung , Hsieh Cheng‐Hsing , Chen Heng‐Shuen , Molodysky Eugen , Huynh Chi Can , Yu Hong‐Jeng
Published: November 2012

Abstract: The human erectile mechanism is an intricate interplay of hormonal, vascular, neurological, sinusoidal, pharmacological, and psychological factors. However, the relative influence of each respective component remains somewhat unclear, and merits further study. We investigated the role of venous outflow in an attempt to isolate the key determinant of erectile function. Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography was conducted on 15 defrosted human cadavers, both before and after the systematic removal and ligation of erection‐related penile veins. Preoperatively, an infusion rate of more than 28.1 mL/min (from more than 14.0 to 85.0 mL/min) was required to induce a rigid erection (defined as intracavernosal pressure [ICP] exceeding 90 mmHg). Following surgery, we were able to obtain the same result at a rate of 7.3 mL/min (from 3.1 to 13.5 mL/min) across the entire sample. Thus, we witnessed statistically significant postoperative differences (all P≤ .01), consistently elevated ICP, lower perfusion volumes, and a general reduction in time taken to attain rigidity. The cavernosograms provided further evidence substantiating the critical role played by erection‐related veins, whereas histological samples confirmed the postoperative integrity of the corpora cavernosa. Given that our use of cadavers eliminated the influence of hormonal, arterial, neurological, sinusoidal, pharmacological, and psychological factors, we believe that our study demonstrates that the human erection is fundamentally a mechanical event contingent on venous competence.
Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa Decreases the Number of Motile Normal Spermatozoa, Induces Nuclear Vacuolization and Chromatin Decondensation
Authors: Boitrelle Florence , Albert Martine , Theillac Claire , Ferfouri Fatma , Bergere Marianne , Vialard François , Wainer Robert , Bailly Marc , Selva Jacqueline
Published: November 2012

Abstract: Even though cryopreservation of human spermatozoa is known to alter sperm motility and viability, it may also induce nuclear damages. The present study set out to determine whether or not cryopreservation alters motile sperm morphology under high magnification and/or is associated with chromatin decondensation. For 25 infertile men, we used high‐magnification microscopy to determine the proportions of various types of motile spermatozoa before and after freezing‐thawing: morphometrically normal spermatozoa with no vacuole (grade I), ≤2 small vacuoles (grade II), at least 1 large vacuole or >2 small vacuoles (grade III), and morphometrically abnormal spermatozoa (grade IV). The spermatozoa's chromatin condensation and viability were also assessed before and after freezing‐thawing. Cryopreservation induced sperm nuclear vacuolization. It decreased the proportion of grade I + II spermatozoa (P < .001). It induced a decrease in the sperm viability rate (P < .001) and increased the proportion of sperm with noncondensed chromatin (P < .001). The latter parameter was strongly correlated with sperm viability (r / 0.71; P < .001). However, even motile sperm presented a failure of chromatin condensation after freezing‐thawing, because the proportion of sperm with noncondensed chromatin was correlated with high‐magnification morphology (r = −0.49 and 0.49 for the proportions of grade I + II and grades III + IV, respectively; P < .001). Cryopreservation alters the organelle morphology of motile human spermatozoa and induces sperm chromatin decondensation. High‐magnification microscopy may be useful for evaluating frozen‐thawed spermatozoa before use in assisted reproductive technology procedures (such as intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and for performing research on cryopreservation methods. If frozen‐thawed sperm is to be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection, morphological selection under high magnification may be of particular value.
Parting Messages From Current and Former Editors of the Journal of Andrology
Authors: Bartke Andrzej , Orgebin‐Crist Marie‐Claire , Desjardins Claude , Lewis Ron , Tindall Don , Hamilton David W. , Pryor Jon L. , Schlegel Peter N. , Hardy Matthew P. , Burnett Arthur L. (Bud) , Darney Sally P. , Sandlow Jay
Published: November 2012

Abstract: The proposal to produce this final commemorative issue for the Journal of Andrology arose during our regular discussions as current editors soon after it was announced that the Journal would complete its own life course and merge into a new publication (to be named Andrology) with the International Journal of Andrology. We considered the momentous occasion to be one that should be celebrated with an enduring tribute in recognition of the Journal's exceptional 33‐year existence. Among the various contributions sought for inclusion in this issue, we envisioned an article assembling collected short essays from all living former editors drawing on notable events and highlights, if not less well‐known challenges and successes arising during their editorship eras. We thought that any such production of musings, viewpoints, and most of all words of wisdom from those who have had major roles in the direction and accomplishments of the Journal would offer an illuminating read for the society's members and friends and provide all readers another venue to share in and enjoy the Journal's great history.

We are enthralled to have gathered these collections, all personal compositions of the former editors‐in‐chief, and for their effort that has helped us complete this special endeavor we express to them our tremendous gratitude. Serving as the Journal's last editors, we are also grateful to contribute our essay at the very end as part of this joyous chronicle.
Response surface methodology for optimizing the glycerolysis reaction of olive oil by Candida rugosa lipase
Authors: Singh Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Mausumi
Published: November 2012

In the present work, solvent free olive oil glycerolysis for the
monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) production with an immobilized
Candida rugosa lipase was studied. MG and DG production were optimized using
experiment design techniques and response surface methodology (RSM). RSM
based on five-level, a five-variable central composite design (CCD) was used
to optimize MG and DG production: reaction time, temperature, molar ratio of
glycerol to oil, amount of lipase, and water content in glycerol. The
reaction time, temperature, and amount of lipase were observed to be the most
significant factors on the process response. The immobilized Candida rugosa
lipase revealed optimum yield of MG and DG as 38.71 and 40.45 wt%
respectively following a 5h reaction time with 0.025 g of lipase and 5% water
content in glycerol at 40?C temperature. The yield of MG and DG production
can be enhanced 1.5 fold by RSM.
Doubly stratified effects in a free convective flow over a vertical plate with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Periyanagounder Ganesan , Kanniappan Renugopal , Parasuraman Loganathan
Published: November 2012

An analysis is performed to study the effects of thermal and mass
stratification in a transient free convective flow of a viscous,
incompressible fluid past an isothermal vertical plate. The governing
boundary layer equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite
difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. The doubly stratified effects on
the velocity, temperature and concentration are shown graphically. It is
observed that an increase in thermal stratification parameter decreases the
velocity, temperature profiles and increases the concentration profiles. As
well, increase in mass stratification parameter decreases the velocity,
concentration profiles and increases the temperature profiles. Also, the
influence of the thermal and mass stratification parameter on local as well
as average skin-friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer are discussed
and presented graphically. The results are compared with particular solutions
available in the literature. The present results are found to be in good
agreement with the existing particular solution of the problem.
Per2 Mutation Recapitulates the Vascular Phenotype of Diabetes in the Retina and Bone Marrow
Authors: Bhatwadekar Ashay D. , Yan Yuanqing , Qi Xiaoping , Thinschmidt Jeffrey S. , Neu Matthew B. , Li Calzi Sergio , Shaw Lynn C. , Dominiguez James M. , Busik Julia V. , Lee Choogon , Boulton Michael E. , Grant Maria B.
Published: November 2012

In this study, we assessed whether Per2 clock gene–mutant mice exhibit a vascular phenotype similar to diabetes. Per2 (B6.129-Per2tm1Drw/J) or wild-type control mice 4 and 12 months of age were used. To evaluate diabetes-like phenotype in Per2 mutant mice, retina was quantified for mRNA expression, and degree of diabetic retinopathy was evaluated. Bone marrow neuropathy was studied by staining femurs for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neurofilament 200 (NF-200). The rate of proliferation and quantification of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs) was performed, and a threefold decrease in proliferation and 50% reduction in nitric oxide levels were observed in Per2 mutant mice. TH-positive nerve processes and NF-200 staining were reduced in Per2 mutant mice. Both retinal protein and mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase were decreased by twofold. Other endothelial function genes (VEGFR2, VEGFR1) were downregulated (1.5–2-fold) in Per2 mutant retinas, whereas there was an upregulation of profibrotic pathway mediated by transforming growth factor-β1. Our studies suggest that Per2 mutant mice recapitulate key aspects of diabetes without the metabolic abnormalities, including retinal vascular damage, neuronal loss in the bone marrow, and diminished BMPC function.
Independent Effects of Testosterone on Lipid Oxidation and VLDL-TG Production
Authors: Høst Christian , Gormsen Lars C. , Christensen Britt , Jessen Niels , Hougaard David M. , Christiansen Jens S. , Pedersen Steen B. , Jensen Michael D. , Nielsen Søren , Gravholt Claus H.
Published: November 2012

Low testosterone (T) levels in men have been shown to predict development of the metabolic syndrome, but the effects of T on lipid metabolism are incompletely understood. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 healthy, young males received gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment 1 month prior to 3 of 4 trial days to induce castrate levels of T. On trial days, T gel was applied to the body containing either high or low physiological T dose or placebo. On the 4th trial day, participants constituted their own eugonadal controls. Each study comprised a 5-h basal period and a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Short-term hypogonadism did not affect VLDL triglyceride (TG) secretion, nor did it affect VLDL-TG concentrations. It was, however, characterized by lower total lipid oxidation. In addition, acute rescue with high physiological T increased VLDL-TG secretion during both basal and clamp conditions. These data show that T can act through fast nongenomic pathways in the liver. In addition, the early hypogonadal state is characterized by decreased total lipid oxidation, but whether these changes represent early hypogonadal metabolic dysfunction warrants further investigations. T is not a major determinant of resting VLDL-TG kinetics in men.
Fenretinide Treatment Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity in Association With Major Alterations in Retinoid Homeostatic Gene Expression in Adipose, Liver, and Hypothalamus
Authors: Mcilroy George D. , Delibegovic Mirela , Owen Carl , Stoney Patrick N. , Shearer Kirsty D. , McCaffery Peter J. , Mody Nimesh
Published: November 2012

The synthetic retinoid, Fenretinide (FEN), inhibits obesity and insulin resistance in mice and is in early clinical trials for treatment of insulin resistance in obese humans. We aimed to determine whether alterations in retinoic acid (RA)-responsive genes contribute to the beneficial effects of FEN. We examined the effect of FEN on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and alterations in gene expression in C57Bl/6 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) 1 knockout (KO) mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. FEN completely inhibited adipocyte differentiation by blocking CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α/peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ−mediated induction of downstream genes and upregulating RA-responsive genes like cellular retinol-binding protein-1. In mice fed an HF diet, RA-responsive genes were markedly increased in adipose, liver, and hypothalamus, with short-term and long-term FEN treatment. In adipose, FEN inhibited the downregulation of PPARγ and improved insulin sensitivity and the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and serum RBP (RBP4). FEN inhibited hyperleptinemia in vivo and leptin expression in adipocytes. Surprisingly, hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression was completely suppressed, suggesting a central effect of FEN to normalize hyperglycemia. Moreover, FEN induced RA-responsive genes in RALDH1 KO mice, demonstrating that FEN can augment RA signaling when RA synthesis is impaired. We show that FEN-mediated beneficial effects are through alterations in retinoid homeostasis genes, and these are strong candidates as therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
Islet α-, β-, and δ-Cell Development Is Controlled by the Ldb1 Coregulator, Acting Primarily With the Islet-1 Transcription Factor
Authors: Hunter Chad S. , Dixit Shilpy , Cohen Tsadok , Ediger Benjamin , Wilcox Crystal , Ferreira Mark , Westphal Heiner , Stein Roland , May Catherine Lee
Published: November 2012

Ldb1 and Ldb2 are coregulators that mediate Lin11-Isl1-Mec3 (LIM)–homeodomain (HD) and LIM-only transcription factor–driven gene regulation. Although both Ldb1 and Ldb2 mRNA were produced in the developing and adult pancreas, immunohistochemical analysis illustrated a broad Ldb1 protein expression pattern during early pancreatogenesis, which subsequently became enriched in islet and ductal cells perinatally. The islet-enriched pattern of Ldb1 was similar to pan-endocrine cell–expressed Islet-1 (Isl1), which was demonstrated in this study to be the primary LIM-HD transcription factor in developing and adult islet cells. Endocrine cell–specific removal of Ldb1 during mouse development resulted in a severe reduction of hormone+ cell numbers (i.e., α, β, and δ) and overt postnatal hyperglycemia, reminiscent of the phenotype described for the Isl1 conditional mutant. In contrast, neither endocrine cell development nor function was affected in the pancreas of Ldb2−/− mice. Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses demonstrated that many important Isl1-activated genes were coregulated by Ldb1, including MafA, Arx, insulin, and Glp1r. However, some genes (i.e., Hb9 and Glut2) only appeared to be impacted by Ldb1 during development. These findings establish Ldb1 as a critical transcriptional coregulator during islet α-, β-, and δ-cell development through Isl1-dependent and potentially Isl1-independent control.
High-Dose Resveratrol Supplementation in Obese Men
Authors: Poulsen Morten M. , Vestergaard Poul F. , Clasen Berthil F. , Radko Yulia , Christensen Lars P. , Stødkilde-Jørgensen Hans , Møller Niels , Jessen Niels , Pedersen Steen B. , Jørgensen Jens Otto L.
Published: November 2012

Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia constitute risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Based on animal and in vitro studies, resveratrol reverts these risk factors via stimulation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), but data in human subjects are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of high-dose resveratrol in obese human subjects. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group design, 24 obese but otherwise healthy men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of resveratrol or placebo treatment. Extensive metabolic examinations including assessment of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) were performed before and after the treatment. Insulin sensitivity, the primary outcome measure, deteriorated insignificantly in both groups. Endogenous glucose production and the turnover and oxidation rates of glucose remained unchanged. Resveratrol supplementation also had no effect on blood pressure; resting energy expenditure; oxidation rates of lipid; ectopic or visceral fat content; or inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. The lack of effect disagrees with persuasive data obtained from rodent models and raises doubt about the justification of resveratrol as a human nutritional supplement in metabolic disorders.
Automated Detection and Classification of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Klompas Michael , Eggleston Emma , McVetta Jason , Lazarus Ross , Li Lingling , Platt Richard
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE

To create surveillance algorithms to detect diabetes and classify type 1 versus type 2 diabetes using structured electronic health record (EHR) data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We extracted 4 years of data from the EHR of a large, multisite, multispecialty ambulatory practice serving ∼700,000 patients. We flagged possible cases of diabetes using laboratory test results, diagnosis codes, and prescriptions. We assessed the sensitivity and positive predictive value of novel combinations of these data to classify type 1 versus type 2 diabetes among 210 individuals. We applied an optimized algorithm to a live, prospective, EHR-based surveillance system and reviewed 100 additional cases for validation.

RESULTS

The diabetes algorithm flagged 43,177 patients. All criteria contributed unique cases: 78% had diabetes diagnosis codes, 66% fulfilled laboratory criteria, and 46% had suggestive prescriptions. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ICD-9 codes for type 1 diabetes were 26% (95% CI 12–49) and 94% (83–100) for type 1 codes alone; 90% (81–95) and 57% (33–86) for two or more type 1 codes plus any number of type 2 codes. An optimized algorithm incorporating the ratio of type 1 versus type 2 codes, plasma C-peptide and autoantibody levels, and suggestive prescriptions flagged 66 of 66 (100% [96–100]) patients with type 1 diabetes. On validation, the optimized algorithm correctly classified 35 of 36 patients with type 1 diabetes (raw sensitivity, 97% [87–100], population-weighted sensitivity, 65% [36–100], and positive predictive value, 88% [78–98]).

CONCLUSIONS

Algorithms applied to EHR data detect more cases of diabetes than claims codes and reasonably discriminate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Emotional Distress, Quality of Life, and HbA1c in Outpatients With Diabetes (DiaMind)
Authors: van Son Jenny , Nyklíček Ivan , Pop Victor J. , Blonk Marion C. , Erdtsieck Ronald J. , Spooren Pieter F. , Toorians Arno W. , Pouwer François
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE

Emotional distress is common in outpatients with diabetes, affecting ∼20–40% of the patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), relative to usual care, for patients with diabetes with regard to reducing emotional distress and improving health-related quality of life and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the present randomized controlled trial, 139 outpatients with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) and low levels of emotional well-being were randomized to MBCT (n = 70) or a waiting list group (n = 69). Primary outcomes were perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), mood (Profiles of Mood States), and diabetes-specific distress (Problem Areas In Diabetes). Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey), and glycemic control (HbA1c). Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks of follow-up.

RESULTS

Compared with control, MBCT was more effective in reducing stress (P < 0.001, Cohen d = 0.70), depressive symptoms (P = 0.006, d = 0.59), and anxiety (P = 0.019, d = 0.44). In addition, MBCT was more effective in improving quality of life (mental: P = 0.003, d = 0.55; physical: P = 0.032, d = 0.40). We found no significant effect on HbA1c or diabetes-specific distress, although patients with elevated diabetes distress in the MBCT group tended to show a decrease in diabetes distress (P = 0.07, d = 0.70) compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with usual care, MBCT resulted in a reduction of emotional distress and an increase in health-related quality of life in diabetic patients who had lower levels of emotional well-being.
Thermodynamic protonation constants of vardenafil by the nonlinear regression of multiwavelength pH-spectrophotometric titration data
Authors: Meloun Milan , Ferenčíková Zuzana , Niesnerová Irena , Pekárek Tomáš
Published: November 2012

pH-spectrophotometric titration data were used to determine protonation constants of vardenafil at different ionic strengths I and temperatures of 25°C and 37°C. The use of two different multiwavelength and the multivariate treatment of spectral data, SPECFIT32 and SQUAD(84) nonlinear regression analyses and INDICES factor analysis is presented. The reliability of the protonation constants of the drug was proven with goodness-of-fit tests of the pH-spectra. The thermodynamic protonation constants log K Ti were estimated by a nonlinear regression of (log K, I) data using the Debye-Hückel equation, yielding log K 4T = 3.59(1) and 3.26(1), log K 3T = 5.64(1) and 5.81(1), log K 2T = 9.41(1) and 8.59(2), log K 1T = 10.92(2) and 10.05(1) at 25°C and 37°C, where the figure in brackets is the standard deviation in last significant digit. Concurrently, the experimental determination of four thermodynamic protonation constants was combined with the computational prediction of the MARVIN program based on knowledge of the chemical structures of the drug and was in good agreement with its experimental value. The factor analysis of spectra in the INDICES program predicts the correct number of light-absorbing components when the instrument error is known and when the signal-to-error ratio SER is higher than 10.
Comparison of solid-phase extraction sorbents for the fractionation and determination of important free and glycosidically-bound varietal aroma compounds in wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Metafa Maria , Economou Anastasios
Published: November 2012

A critical comparison was made of seven solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for the fractionation and isolation of 21 important free and glycosidically-bound varietal volatile aroma compounds. The sample was subjected to SPE and the free aromatics were eluted with dichloromethane followed by elution of the glucoconjugates with methanol; after fractionation, the free fraction was analyzed directly by GC-MS while the sugar-bound fraction was enzymatically hydrolyzed to liberate the free compounds before analysis by GC-MS. The extraction efficiency for the free compounds was evaluated based on the analytes’ signal recovery and for the glycosidically-bound compounds in terms of the relative peak areas. The best results for both the free and bound fractions were obtained with the Isolute ENV+ resin. Following selection of the most efficient SPE material, a GC-MS method was validated (in terms of selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs), recovery, repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility and uncertainty) for the quantitative determination of the free primary volatiles in white wines. Validation results are presented at 4 fortification levels (10, 50, 200 and 500 µL−1). Regarding linearity, the correlation coefficient of the matrix-matched calibration plots was ≥0.99 for all the compounds. The LOQs were in the range 0.6–17.5 µg L−1. Recoveries ranged from 61% to 120% while the% relative standard deviation of the within-laboratory reproducibility was in the range 1.3% to 17.7%. Finally, the% expanded uncertainty ranged from 3.1% to 40.3%. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 20 white wine samples.
Strategy of Cr detoxification by Callitriche cophocarpa
Authors: Augustynowicz Joanna , Kołton Anna , Baran Agnieszka , Kostecka-Gugała Anna , Lasek Wojciech
Published: November 2012

The present work focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cr detoxification strategy of aquatic cosmopolitan plant Callitriche cophocarpa. This plant species has just been described in the context of its unusual accumulation potential of Cr. The emphasis of the work was placed on the redox reaction Cr(VI)→Cr(III) which is considered to be remediation mechanism of highly reactive and mobile Cr(VI) ions. Plants were immersed for 5 days in 1 mM of Cr(VI) (potassium dichromate) or 1 mM of Cr(III) (chromium sulphate) solutions in semi-natural conditions. Cr was effectively removed from the solution up to the extent of ca.58% or 35% of the starting amount, in the case of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. No plant-induced Cr(VI) reduction accompanying Cr accumulation was observed in Cr(VI) solutions except from the apparent one, noticed at the fourth day of incubation. On the contrary to these results, according to the method of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (L-band EPR), biphasic signal of Cr(V) attending Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduction was detected inside the plant tissue every day of investigations. Our results show that phytoextraction but not phytostabilization is the main strategy of Cr detoxification by C. cophocarpa in aquatic systems.
Dependence of the content and distribution of metals in snow cover on natural and anthropogenic factors (south Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk)
Authors: Kazakova E.N. , Lobkina V.A. , Zarubina N.V. , Elovskiy E.V.
Published: November 2012

Snow cover contains various impurities from natural and anthropogenic sources. These impurities percolate into the soil, groundwater and surface water during snowmelt, significantly influencing their composition. We consider the metals content in snow cover in south Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk. Samples were taken in February–April 2011 by the Laboratory of Avalanche and Debris-flow Processes of the Sakhalin Department of the FEGI FEB RAS. Sample analysis was performed by the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, FEGI FEB RAS. Overall, the metals present in the highest concentrations were Ca, K, Mg and Na. Other metals have low concentrations at the level of total mineralization of surface water and groundwater. Thus, the main sources of metals in south Sakhalin snow cover are the water surface of the sea and anthropogenic sources.
The influences of temperature and normal load on the shear strength of snow consisting of precipitation particles
Authors: Matsushita Hiroki , Matsuzawa Masaru , Abe Osamu
Published: November 2012

An experiment using artificial snow was conducted to clarify the influences of temperature and normal load on temporal variations in the shear strength of snow. Artificial snow consisting of dendritic crystals was allowed to accumulate to ∼60 cm depth for the experiment. The shear strength, temperature and weight of the overlying snow were measured at three different depths in the accumulated snow. For the measurement of shear strength, the shear frame index (SFI) was found using a shear frame by placing weights with different masses on the snow contained within the frame. The measured SFI values were treated with the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to find the snow cohesion factor C and the internal friction factor tanϕ. The results highlighted similar trends for SFI and C values by which their rate of increase over time was greater with higher snow temperatures and normal load caused by overlying snow. This indicates that C contributes significantly to increased SFI values. tanϕ decreased over time with higher snow temperatures and increased with lower snow temperatures. In low-temperature conditions, in particular, it is likely that snow crystals are compacted but maintain their dendritic morphology.
An automated approach to the location of icequakes using seismic waveform amplitudes
Authors: Jones G.A. , Kulessa B. , Doyle S.H. , Dow C.F. , Hubbard A.
Published: November 2012

We adapt from volcano seismology an automated method of locating icequakes with poorly defined onsets and indistinguishable seismic phases, which can be tuned to either body or surface waves. The method involves (1) the calculation of the root-mean-squared amplitudes of the filtered envelope signals, (2) a coarse-grid search to locate the hypocentres of the seismic events using their amplitudes and (3) refinement of hypocentre locations using an iteratively damped least-squares approach. First, we calibrate the adapted method by application to real data, recorded using a network of six passive seismometers, in response to surface explosions in known locations on the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet. Second, we present a seismic modelling experiment simulating rapid supraglacial lake drainage driven hydrofracture through 1 km thick ice. The test reveals horizontal and vertical location uncertainties of ∼121 m and 275 m, respectively. Since seismic emissions from glaciers and ice sheets often have complex waveforms akin to those considered here, our adapted method is likely to have widespread applicability to glaciological problems.
Synthesis of a Functionalized Polypyrrole Coated Electrotextile for Use in Biosensors
Authors: McGraw Shannon , Alocilja Evangelyn , Senecal Andre , Senecal Kris
Published: November 2012

An electrotextile with a biosensing focus composed of conductive polymer coated microfibers that contain functional attachment sites for biorecognition elements was developed. Experiments were conducted to select a compound with a pendant functional group for inclusion in the polymer, a fiber platform, and polymerization solvent. The effects of dopant inclusion and post-polymerization wash steps were also analyzed. Finally, the successful attachment of avidin, which was then used to capture biotin, to the electrotextile was achieved. The initial results show a nonwoven fiber matrix can be successfully coated in a conductive, functionalized polymer while still maintaining surface area and fiber durability. A polypropylene fiber platform with a conductive polypyrrole coating using iron (III) chloride as an oxidant, water as a solvent, and 5-sulfosalicylic acid as a dopant exhibited the best coating consistency, material durability, and lowest resistance. Biological attachment of avidin was achieved on the fibers through the inclusion of a carboxyl functional group via 3-thiopheneacetic acid in the monomer. The immobilized avidin was then successfully used to capture biotin. This was confirmed through the use of fluorescent quantum dots and confocal microscopy. A preliminary electrochemical experiment using avidin for biotin detection was conducted. This technology will be extremely useful in the formation of electrotextiles for use in biosensor systems.
On Aerobic Exercise and Behavioral and Neural Plasticity
Authors: Swain Rodney , Berggren Kiersten , Kerr Abigail , Patel Ami , Peplinski Caitlin , Sikorski Angela
Published: November 2012

Aerobic exercise promotes rapid and profound alterations in the brain. Depending upon the pattern and duration of exercise, these changes in the brain may extend beyond traditional motor areas to regions and structures normally linked to learning, cognition, and emotion. Exercise-induced alterations may include changes in blood flow, hormone and growth factor release, receptor expression, angiogenesis, apoptosis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Together, we believe that these changes underlie elevations of mood and prompt the heightened behavioral plasticity commonly observed following adoption of a chronic exercise regimen. In the following paper, we will explore both the psychological and psychobiological literatures relating to exercise effects on brain in both human and non-human animals and will attempt to link plastic changes in these neural structures to modifications in learned behavior and emotional expression. In addition, we will explore the therapeutic potential of exercise given recent reports that aerobic exercise may serve as a neuroprotectant and can also slow cognitive decline during normal and pathological aging.
Carbohydrate Stress Affecting Fruitlet Abscission and Expression of Genes Related to Auxin Signal Transduction Pathway in Litchi
Authors: Kuang Jian-Fei , Wu Jian-Yang , Zhong Hai-Ying , Li Cai-Qin , Chen Jian-Ye , Lu Wang-Jin , Li Jian-Guo
Published: November 2012

Auxin, a vital plant hormone, regulates a variety of physiological and developmental processes. It is involved in fruit abscission through transcriptional regulation of many auxin-related genes, including early auxin responsive genes (i.e., auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA), Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) and small auxin upregulated (SAUR)) and auxin response factors (ARF), which have been well characterized in many plants. In this study, totally five auxin-related genes, including one AUX/IAA (LcAUX/IAA1), one GH3 (LcGH3.1), one SAUR (LcSAUR1) and two ARFs (LcARF1 and LcARF2), were isolated and characterized from litchi fruit. LcAUX/IAA1, LcGH3.1, LcSAUR1, LcARF1 and LcARF2 contain open reading frames (ORFs) encoding polypeptides of 203, 613, 142, 792 and 832 amino acids, respectively, with their corresponding molecular weights of 22.67, 69.20, 11.40, 88.20 and 93.16 kDa. Expression of these genes was investigated under the treatment of girdling plus defoliation which aggravated litchi fruitlet abscission due to the blockage of carbohydrates transport and the reduction of endogenous IAA content. Results showed that transcript levels of LcAUX/IAA1, LcGH3.1 and LcSAUR1 mRNAs were increased after the treatment in abscission zone (AZ) and other tissues, in contrast to the decreasing accumulation of LcARF1 mRNA, suggesting that LcAUX/IAA1, LcSAUR1 and LcARF1 may play more important roles in abscission. Our results provide new insight into the process of fruitlet abscission induced by carbohydrate stress and broaden our understanding of the auxin signal transduction pathway in this process at the molecular level.
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers
Authors: Trotta Francesco , Zanetti Marco , Cavalli Roberta
Published: November 2012

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, which are proposed as a new nanosized delivery system, are innovative cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers nanostructured within a three-dimensional network. This type of cyclodextrin polymer can form porous insoluble nanoparticles with a crystalline or amorphous structure and spherical shape or swelling properties. The polarity and dimension of the polymer mesh can be easily tuned by varying the type of cross-linker and degree of cross-linking. Nanosponge functionalisation for site-specific targeting can be achieved by conjugating various ligands on their surface. They are a safe and biodegradable material with negligible toxicity on cell cultures and are well-tolerated after injection in mice. Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges can form complexes with different types of lipophilic or hydrophilic molecules. The release of the entrapped molecules can be varied by modifying the structure to achieve prolonged release kinetics or a faster release. The nanosponges could be used to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble molecules, protect degradable substances, obtain sustained delivery systems or design innovative drug carriers for nanomedicine.
La fin du patriarcat : pour quelles mutations ?
Authors: Colonna Marie-Laure
Published: November 2012

Au delà des problématiques personnelles de nos analysants, leurs symptômes et l’interprétation de leurs rêves les plus profonds illustrent aussi les rythmes, les progrès et les reculs de la psyché collective. L’auteur applique cet angle de vue, cher à Jung, à la question très actuelle des mutations de l’esprit patriarcal devant l’émergence de nouvelles formes de conscience liées à la revalorisation de la féminité. L’interprétation de ces songes ouvre à une conception du monde ou le « logos du féminin », l’intelligence réceptrice, (et non pas seulement son éros) vient réunir les opposés dissociés actuellement par l’unilatéralité prométhéenne du principe masculin dans la culture et dans la société occidentale.
Le sextolet du couple
Authors: Agnel Aimé
Published: November 2012

L’anima, différenciée du féminin de l’homme, est présentée sous une double forme : complexuelle (familière, en lien avec l’imago de la mère) et archétypique (étrangère, incitant, au contraire, à se détacher d’elle). À quoi correspond une double orientation de l’homme, dont rend justement compte le film d’Ida Lupino, The Bigamist . Ces deux formes opposées mais complémentaires caractérisent aussi l’animus de la femme. Le film de Joseph Mankiewicz, L’Aventure de Mme Muir, est donné comme exemple de la tension créative produite chez une femme par les « deux esprits » qui l’habitent. Pour tenir compte, cependant, de cette différenciation du complexe et de l’archétype, il convient de substituer à la figure du quaternion du couple présenté par Jung dans la Psychologie du transfert, celle du sextolet (six occurrences au lieu de quatre) qui reconnaît la relation inconsciente des deux partenaires avec l’anima et l’animus sous leurs deux formes contraires.
Intuition dans le transfert : de la cryptomnésie à l'interprétation
Authors: Marnette Christian
Published: November 2012

Perception « via l’inconscient », l’intuition se révèle difficile à saisir de par sa fugacité. Lors du travail analytique, alimentée par des cryptomnésies, elle contribue à l’animation de la relation transférentielle et soutient le mouvement de transformation psychique. Son caractère inconscient nécessite qu’elle soit accueillie, évaluée et travaillée comme le rêve, dans une attention au temps, au corps et à l’histoire du sujet afin que se déploie son pouvoir opératoire.
Les Livres rouges , le feu, la nuit
Authors: Marcheschi Jean-Paul
Published: November 2012

Jean-Paul Marcheschi, peintre, sculpteur, confie quotidiennement depuis 1981 ses notes, ses rêves, ses dessins, ses peintures dans des livres, les Livres rouges qu’il définit comme une « chronobiologie totale de l’existence ». Il nous en dit l’origine et leur histoire jusqu’à nos jours. Ce qui l’amène à évoquer son rapport au temps (celui du quotidien, celui des maîtres anciens, celui des temps les plus reculés), ainsi que son rapport à l’obscur et à la nuit. Mais si la décision du passage vers les Livres rouges allait dérouter sa vie de peintre, une autre rencontre, quelques années plus tard, celle avec le feu, reste décisive, puisque le feu tient lieu de pinceau et de réserve de substances, de thèmes et d’images depuis lors. De son pinceau de feu, il tire des tableaux, illustre ses Livres rouges , peint, mais aussi organise de vastes installations où tous les éléments sont convoqués, du ciel jusqu’à cette eau noire qui baigne désormais dans un grand nombre de ses expositions.