bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal status and characteristics of a digital human
Authors: RADUTNIY O.
Published: December 2021

The article outlines the path that humanity is developing from Homo sapiens to digital human being in three main vectors. The latest high-tech devices have been proven to provide a tight interactive connection with the user, thus gradually becoming an integral part of the biological body and human consciousness, a kind of organs or chains for transmitting nerve signals. The possibility of combining carbon technology (human) with silicon technology (artificial intelligence, implants, robotics) creates a powerful new challenge for legal doctrine, one of the main tasks of which is to describe the legal characteristics of digital human being, determine his or her legal status in the law system. To generalize the concepts of transhuman and posthuman, which operates on transhumanism, the author proposes to use the common term of digital human being. The necessity of directing state regulation to limit or prevent the antisocial use of improved physical and cognitive properties by digital human being is argued. The possibility of quantum immortality is considered. It has been suggested that new rights, responsibilities, and freedoms may emerge that now exist only in theory or even beyond imagination and discussion. They can become the subject of supernatural law as the successor of natural law. The possibility of the transition of the decision-making process from a digital human being to artificial intelligence in its implant, when the brain will continue to receive signals that will form the illusion of free will, is analysed. It is proved that a digital human being must be recognized as a special persona of legal relations.
The state sovereignty concept in the context of global information space
Authors: TERNAVSKA V.
Published: December 2021

The article is dedicated to defining the nature of information sovereignty and its significance for the process of independent state-building through the prism of the information society paradigm. Various methodological aspects of the concept of “information sovereignty” are studied. The ratio of the categories “state sovereignty” and “information sovereignty” is analyzed. The conclusion is made that the information sovereignty is not an independent category of constitutional law, however, the concept of state sovereignty needs to be modernized by integrating the classical and new information authority of the state, which are characteristic of the globalized information world.
Directions for strengthening international cooperation in the area of countering cybercrime
Authors: GUTSALYUK М.
Published: December 2021

The article examines current problems of international cooperation in combating cybercrime.
Contractual and legal regulation of preservation of results of scientific research in confidentiality and use of such information in case of research and development: practices of EU and countries of the world
Authors: SHAHBAZYAN K.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the category of agreements in the field of research and development – non-disclosure agreements (confidentiality agreements), provides examples of such agreements with different sources of funding; as well as there are being considered the wordings of confidentiality provisions in general agreements for research and development –  the article compares the practice of application of these provisions in the EU and countries of the world. The requirements are considered for settling the issues of protection of intellectual property rights in the aspect of confidentiality and distribution of rights to use the information, obtained during the research in the project, use of such info during the further researches and granting access rights to such information to third parties. Aspects that should be included in similar types of agreements in Ukraine are proposed.
Liability in the field of State protection of Ukraine
Authors: PSHENYCHNYY V.
Published: December 2021

In this article, on the basis of modern legal approaches to regulating legal relations in the process of Ukraine's formation as a rule of law, its integration into the European community, reforming state structures, the issue of the state of functioning of the current institution of material responsibility of servicemen of the State Security Department of Ukraine is investigated, attention is focused on the existing shortcomings in the functioning of this type of legal liability.
Aplicabilidade Do Trespasse Na Alienação Do Estabelecimento Empresarial Virtual
Authors: Cirqueira Talita Dos Reis , Menezes Júnior Eumar Evangelista de
Published: December 2021

O trabalho científico analisa a afirmação da contratação do Trespasse na alienação dos ‘Estabelecimentos Empresariais Virtuais’, unidades de comércio eletrônico (e-commerce) utilizadas pelo empresariado brasileiro. Com vistas às inúmeras e incessantes atualizações industriais, comerciais, tecnológicas, digitais e negociais imersas no Direito Empresarial Brasileiro, no presente Século XXI que trouxe consigo em seus primeiros 21 anos uma 4ª Revolução Industrial, em ritmo acelerado vem crescendo a exploração da atividade empresarial na forma virtual. O estudo acompanhando esse ritmo se lançou em justificativa e importância tanto ao ‘Estado’ que ‘assume’ o papel regulatório destas atividades, como aos atores envolvidos, os empresários titulares desse tipo de estabelecimento no Brasil. Para lograr êxito o estudo foi planejado e executado metodologicamente numa abordagem dedutiva somada a procedimento bibliográfico, que o fez numa pesquisa de natureza explicativa e aplicada tornando possível escrever à parábola jurídica de que é possível aplicar o Trespasse à alienação do ‘Estabelecimento Empresarial Virtual’, igualmente como é possível à venda do ‘Estabelecimento Empresarial Físico’.
Dano Existencial: A Valorização Da Pessoa Humana E As Relações De Trabalho
Authors: Souza Willian Medeiros de , Parpinelli Junior José Carlos
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo assinala a importância do estudo do dano existencial no direito brasileiro, em especial no direito do trabalho, como uma espécie autônoma de dano extrapatrimonial, diferente do dano moral, por exemplo. Ancorado na responsabilidade subjetiva, o dano à existência do trabalhador nasce com a ocorrência de lesão ao seu projeto de vida ou de sua vida de relações social e familiar, oriundo de uma prática abusiva do empregador, que priva-o de possuir uma vida saudável e realizadora fora do ambiente de trabalho, consubstanciado, por exemplo, na exigência de excessivas horas extras ou de jornada de trabalho fatigante, surgindo assim o dever de indenizar. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é abordar o tema referente ao dano existencial a partir de uma abordagem civil-constitucional, utilizando como suporte conceitual a construção do conceito de dignidade da pessoa humana e sua aplicação nas relações de trabalho. Busca-se também fazer uma analogia com o trabalho escravo, já que a ocorrência do dano à existência decorre de abuso do direito do empregado que na maioria das vezes é submetido a labores degradantes e extenuantes. O estudo aprofundado do dano existencial mostra-se importante devido ao fato de sua extrema relevância no ordenamento jurídico, pois serve de proteção ao trabalhador, com intuito de reparar danos extrapatrimoniais advindos da relação de trabalho, bem como meio de repressão ao empregador. Por fim, cabe expor que a metodologia utilizada no presente trabalho foi a bibliográfica.
Performace Bond:Seguro Garantia Nos Contratos Com Administração Pública E A Anticorrupção No Pensamento De Modesto Carvalhosa
Authors: Dias Norton Maldonado
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho versa sobre o regime jurídico de aplicação do artigo 55 inciso VI e do artigo 56, inciso II da Lei Federal 8.666/93, obrigando a utilização do seguro-garantia de execução de contratos públicos de obras e de fornecimento de bens ou de serviços, denominando “Seguro Anticorrupção”, enfrentando a problemática questão da corrupção tão discutida e debatida no país com os escândalos recentes, dentre os quais,  o “Mensalão” e das operações da Polícia Federal na “Lava Jato”. No enfrentamento de trabalhos e inúmeros projetos de leis que defendem a expressividade dos valores desviados do erário como decorrentes de irregularidades em contratos públicos de obras e na execução de serviços, o jurista Modesto Carvalhosa, com vinte anos dedicados ao estudo da corrupção e considerado uma das maiores autoridades jurídicas no assunto, afirma, publicamente, que o modelo “Performance Bond”, praticado nos Estados Unidos, corresponde a solução para o fim da corrupção no Brasil.A presente proposta, através da metodologia dedutiva, bem como estudo de casos (indutiva) com ocorrido no Município de Sinop que conseguiu referendar a inserção no ordenamento jurídico local através de pesquisas sobre a solução da corrupção e sobre a obrigatoriedade do Seguro “Anti-corrupção” (Performace Bond) que resultaram no Projeto de Lei Municipal n. 39, de 12 de Abril de 2018 e que, hoje, encontra-se aprovado e sob efetiva vigência por meio da Lei Municipal n. 2670 2019 de Sinop MT.
Predicting Retinal Diseases using Efficient Image Processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Mohammad Asif , Utso Mahruf Zaman , Habib Shifat Bin , Das Amit Kumar
Published: December 2021

Neural networks in image processing are becoming a more crucial and integral part of machine learning as computational technology and hardware systems are advanced. Deep learning is also getting attention from the medical sector as it is a prominent process for classifying diseases.  There is a lot of research to predict retinal diseases using deep learning algorithms like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Still, there are not many researches for predicting diseases like CNV which stands for choroidal neovascularization, DME, which stands for Diabetic Macular Edema; and DRUSEN. In our research paper, the CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) algorithm labeled the dataset of OCT retinal images into four types: CNV, DME, DRUSEN, and Natural Retina. We have also done several preprocessing on the images before passing these to the neural network. We have implemented different models for our algorithm where individual models have different hidden layers.  At the end of our following research, we have found that our algorithm CNN generates 93% accuracy.
Urban development and interethnic intolerance: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Sitkevich Daniil
Published: December 2021

This work is devoted to the study of the impact of urban development on interethnic intolerance. Although studies on the impact of urbanization and the economic well-being of cities on interethnic intolerance have been conducted in other countries, no similar scientific work has been conducted in Russia. The purpose of this paper is to determine factors related to urban development that influence the level of interethnic intolerance in a Russian city and to clarify the nature of this influence. The assumption of the presence of such an influence is based on the fact that the comfort of the urban environment can play the role of an indicator of economic well-being, while the exacerbation of social conflicts during periods of economic instability is scientifically substantiated. This influence is studied using an econometric study on a sample of 66 Russian cities with a population of over 100 thousand people, where 2 or more crimes motivated by interethnic intolerance were committed during the period 2007–2019. The information base for the study
was obtained from the website of the SOVA Center for Information and Analysis, the statistical databases of Rosstat and EMISS, and the official website of the urban environment quality index. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that interethnic intolerance is reduced due to a comfortable urban environment. Also, according to the study, in more populated Russian cities the level of interethnic intolerance is higher, whereas the incomes of city residents reduce it.
Assessing the impact of institutions on economic growth in the BRICS countries
Authors: Tiwari Ayushi , Bharadwaj Tridisha
Published: December 2021

This study examines the impact of institutional quality on economic performance in the BRICS countries for the period from 2002 to 2019. The panel data study was estimated using pooled OLS and a fixed effect model. The study employed six institutional quality indicators (Worldwide Governance Indicators) which included voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. The study also controlled for conventional sources of growth, i.e. human capital, physical capital, government expenditure, and inflation. All of these factors were positive and significant in our study. The findings also reveal that government effectiveness, regulatory quality and control of corruption had a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the BRICS countries, whereas other institutional variables turned out to be insignificant.
Association between Frequency of Consumption of Pork Se’i and Chronic Kidney Disease in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Maria Magdalena Dwi , Haliman Chika Dewi , Melaniani Soenarnatalina , Mahmudiono Trias
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: As a country with various cultures, Indonesia has several regional specialties, one of which is Pork Se’i from East Nusa Tenggara. Studies showed that higher intake of red and processed meat was significantly associated with an increased risk for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD).

AIM: This study was conducted with the goal to find out the relationship between consumption of Pork Se’i and water intake with CKD among patient in RSUD W.Z. Johannes, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

METHODS: This research was an observational study with a case–control design involving 92 respondents at W.Z Hospital Johannes in the period of July 2020. The determination of consumption of Pork Se’i and water was acquired through the use of Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire as an instrument. Chi-square test was used as a statistical test for this study.

RESULTS: In the case group, more than half of the respondents (58.7%) were male, while in the control group, more than half of the respondents (60.9%) were female. More than half (58.7%) of case group respondents consume water <1 L/day. More than half (58.7%) of case group respondents consume water <1 L/day, while most of the control group respondents (73.9%) consumed 1 L of water/day. The Pearson Chi-square test showed significant relationship between water consumption and CKD (p = 0.003). The frequency of consumption of Pork Se’i in the case group respondents was mostly in the sometimes (47.8%) and usually (47.8%) categories. Only a small proportion of case respondents (4.3%) rarely consume Pork Se’i. There was a significant relationship between consumption of Pork Se’i with CKD (p = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that consumption of Pork Se’i has a significant correlation with CKD.
The Belated Discovery of Pregnancy, Beyond Denial
Authors: Araújo-Attali Luisa
Published: December 2021

Actuellement l’expression « déni de grossesse » tend à recouvrir l’ensemble des « découvertes tardives » de grossesse. Or, la théorie psychanalytique et la clinique laissent apparaître que ces « découvertes tardives » seraient un symptôme pouvant cacher au moins trois mécanismes de défense distincts : dénégation, déni et forclusion, chacun lié à une position subjective différente par rapport à la maternité. Suite à une présentation généalogique de l’expression « déni de grossesse », nous développerons cette hypothèse de recherche et la mettrons à l’épreuve de la clinique. Nous verrons que la théorie psychanalytique permet d’amener un distinguo dans les découvertes tardives et de relativiser l’expression « déni de grossesse », en évitant que cette notion ne recouvre un ensemble hétéroclite.
Responsibility versus Accountability
Authors: Winter Anne , Hirschelmann-Ambrosi Astrid
Published: December 2021

La sécurité alimente les débats depuis la fin des années 1990 en France. En ce contexte, le problème que soulève la délinquance des mineurs est exemplaire. Un leitmotiv émerge : la responsabilité. Or, elle n'est pas la responsabilisation. La subjectivité de l'adolescent est à considérer. Après un retour sur l'usage du concept de responsabilité et au moyen d'un exemple clinique, les auteurs rendent compte des conditions du processus de responsabilisation chez les sujets mineurs de justice et posent les prémisses d'une position à occuper en tant que professionnels en charge du suivi socioéducatif et judiciaire ou thérapeutique de ces adolescents.
Overview of hydropower resources and development in Uganda
Authors: Katutsi Vincent ,   Department of Economics Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda, Kaddu Milly , Migisha Adella Grace , Rubanda Muhumuza Ezra , Adaramola Muyiwa S ,   Department of Economics Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda,   School of Management and Entrepreneurship Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda,   Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda,   Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
Published: December 2021

Even though hydropower plants are currently the most dominant source of electricity in Uganda, the rate of development of these resources for power generation remains low. Using a semi-systematic review approach, this paper seeks to understand why there is a slow rate of hydropower development in Uganda (challenges) and thereby provide potential solutions to these challenges. With current total capacity of about 1011 MW, findings indicate that there is a higher future prospect for hydropower generation in Uganda, with an estimated potential of over 4500 MW. In terms of number of projects, small-scale hydropower plants dominate power plants in Uganda, currently accounting for 19 out of 35 grid-connected power plants. However, with 855 MW installation capacity, large hydropower plants dominate the power generation plants landscape in Uganda. This study found that the challenges to hydropower development in this country are multi-dimensional including technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, and shows that the cross-cutting challenge is lack of human capacity that possess adequate skills to handle hydropower projects in the country. Furthermore, this study discussed practical solutions to address the identified problems facing hydro power in Uganda.
Modification of Takari natural sand based silica with BSA (SiO2@BSA) for biogenic amines compound adsorbent
Authors: Naat Johnson N. ,   Chemistry Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teachers Training, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, 85001, Indonesia, Neolaka Yantus A. B , Lawa Yosep , Wolu Calvin L. , Lestarani Dewi , Sugiarti Sri , Iswantini Dyah ,   Department of Chemistry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16144, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

The modification of Takari natural sand‑based silica with bovine serum albumin/BSA (SiO2@BSA) as an adsorbent for biogenic amines compounds has been successfully synthesized. The SiO2@BSA was synthesized by using the batch method, then was characterized by using FTIR and SEM. Here, A typical BSA group was identified with the new formed namely C–N and C–H, and N–H. The SEM image shows the surface morphology in granular, non‑uniform, rough, and agglomerated forms. Several parameters such as adsorbent dosages, pH, and contact time, shows this material was optimum for adsorption of BSA at pH 5 with adsorbent dosages is 0.1 g during 80 min of contact time. The mechanism adsorption of BSA in this material was found out by using six kinetics modeling, and thermodynamic studies. Here, the adsorption of BSA was fitted with pseudo‑second‑order kinetics. Furthermore, the thermodynamic studies show that adsorption of BSA is spontaneously and follows chemical adsorption.
Origen y difusión de tejidos ricos en los territorios cristianos ibéricos en la Edad Media
Authors: Rodríguez Peinado Laura
Published: December 2021

La historiografía sobre la producción textil medieval ibérica ha considerado que las manufacturas de al-Andalus abastecían de tejidos a los territorios del norte, y no se ha estimado suficientemente el papel que pudieron tener las manufacturas de los territorios cristianos, porque apenas se conocen por datos documentales y no hay fundamentos sólidos desde la materialidad de las piezas conservadas para atribuir tejidos a sus hipotéticos talleres. Este artículo pretende llamar la atención sobre las vías de transmisión de los tejidos ricos y, fundamentalmente, sobre estos talleres donde se trabajaría con una tecnología heredada que dificulta la atribución.
Gestos simbólicos y rituales juridicos de transferencia y posesión de bienes en la Cataluña altomedieval
Authors: Rodríguez-Escalona Mercè
Published: December 2021

La preeminencia del testimonio escrito en la Cataluña altomedieval parece haber supuesto la casi desaparición de los rituales basados en la oralidad y el gesto, en contraposición a lo que sucede en otros territorios europeos. Este estudio rastrea en la documentación latina de la Cataluña altomedieval para obtener información sobre gestos simbólicos y rituales jurídicos relacionados con la transferencia y la posesión de bienes. Así, en relación a la transferencia de bienes se atestigua la realización de los rituales de la traditio per cartam y la traditio rerum, así como el gesto de anudarse una cuerda al cuello; y, en cuanto a la toma de posesión de bienes se ofrecen algunos ejemplos que difieren en función de si se trata de tierras o de edificios.
Enzymatic pre-treatment in cold pressing: Influence on flaxseed, apricot kernel and grape seed oils
Authors: Candan A. , Arslan D.
Published: December 2021

A commercial enzyme preparation consisting of pectolytic, cellulotic and hemicellulotic enzymes was applied to the oil extraction by cold pressing from apricot kernel, flaxseed and grape seed. The effects of enzyme pre-treatment varied depending on the different oil seed used as raw material. Although the increase in free fatty acidity can be considered as a negative effect (from 0.37 to 0.52), the decrease in peroxide number and p-anisidine values, increase in oil yield (22.75%), higher levels of total carotenoids and tocopherols, as well as a remarkable increase in phenolic content (x1.68) and radical scavenging effect (including hydrophilic and lipophilic-induced and total antioxidant capacity) showed that the use of enzyme application in the cold pressing of apricot kernel oil would be beneficial. Many of these positive results could not be achieved in the pressing of flaxseed or grape seed oils under the same conditions. A high negative correlation (r=-92.2) was found between p-anisidine value and δ-tocopherol for grapeseed oil. Hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and total carotenoids negatively correlated well (r values above 80) with peroxide values for apricot seed oil. Correlation results showed that carotenoids play an important role in the oxidative stability of the oils, where it was much more evident for apricot seed oil (r=-97.5).
The Use of the Escape Room as a Methodology for the Development of Professional Skills in the Training of Future Teachers
Authors: Gallardo-Vigil Miguel Ángel , Poza-Vílches María de Fátima , Pozo-Llorente María Teresa
Published: December 2021

Faced with the new educational context that is emerging at this time in history, marked by a global pandemic, the learning and application of active methodologies where the teacher is not the only active agent in socio-educational activities is becoming key. Given this novel context, this chapter tries to outline how an escape room can be used as a strategy in the training of future teachers for the development of socio-emotional, sustainable, and multi-intelligence approaches, all currently necessary and essential elements of the professional development of this new generation of teachers in training. There is no doubt that the experience described in this chapter shows the applicability of these types of active methodologies in the classroom, since as defended in the document, it not only favours the motivation of students, but also the acquisition of certain skills and abilities, as well as the consolidation of theoretical content linked to the subject in which it is applied, thus favouring their future application when they become practising teachers.
EscapeWine!
Authors: González Marta Ferreiro , Bastante Cristina Cejudo , Sánchez Ana Belén Díaz , Barbero Gerardo Fernández , Cantizano Ana Jiménez , Rodríguez Ana Ruiz , Arrocha Antonio Amores
Published: December 2021

In the last year, lectures have been forced to adapt teaching to a virtual mode. The loss of face-to-face teaching has generated a detriment in active collaborative learning and has worsened the sharing of concepts. Although gamification has been widely used to improve the quality of teaching and the interest of the students, there is still a need for more interactive alternatives in teaching-learning systems to motivate students in remote lessons. EscapeWine! is an online activity designed for students of the Enology Degree to help them contextualize concepts from different disciplines and to strengthen their transversal skills in a motivating environment while providing the lectures with an online evaluation tool. Students must solve different riddles presented as tasks in Moodle platform to make a high-quality wine and not “get fired.” The results showed that the activity has the potential to be implemented as an innovative environment in virtual lessons.
A Digital Escape Rooms for Learning General Physics in HEIs
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Pablo , Ruiz-Padillo Diego-Pablo , López-Alcarria Abigail , Gutiérrez-Pérez José
Published: December 2021

There is a growing trend in the use of educational escape rooms (EER) in the classroom and therefore in the demand for case studies by teachers. This chapter shares the experience of designing, creating, implementing, and evaluating a digital escape room (DER) carried out in the context of the European research project Unlock. Practical advice will be given for the creation of escape rooms based on the literature review and the results of the evaluation of this work. In addition, there will be a discussion on the particularities of gamifying in the discipline of physics and other scientific disciplines.
Assessing South African University Adoption of Online Teaching During COVID 19
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney
Published: December 2021

This study aims to assess South African universities' adoption of online teaching and learning during COVID-19. The literature review and document analysis were used to analyze the data. The study found that the Department of Higher Education and Training worked with universities to develop a plan to implement online teaching and learning. Various stakeholders such as media and mobile companies supported the online teaching and learning through financial resources in the form of data subsidizing, media airtime, and campaign for the initiative.
Online Learning Methods for Effective Communication Between Teachers and Students
Authors: Strelkova Tatyana , Soroka Yuliya , Tieliezhkina Olesia , Kauk Viktor , Kalmykov Aleksandr , Grebenyuk Vyacheslav , Piataikina Mariia , Puholovok Kostiantyn , Vodianytskyi Dmytro
Published: December 2021

The issues of organization and effectiveness assessment of the educational process in the distance learning system are discussed. The action research methodology is used for analysis of teaching and to assess the quality of communications between teachers and students in the process of online learning. The technical aspects of using distance technologies based on the Moodle platform are considered. The advantages and disadvantage of distance learning are analyzed in the opinion of students and teachers. Recommendations for improving the quality of education in the context of blended and distance learning are presented.
Poverty and Crime in Young People From Children Protection Centers
Authors: Vega Sonia Castizo , Cutiño-Raya Salvador , Espasandin-Bustelo Francisco
Published: December 2021

Young people who are in a situation of residential care are considered to be in a condition of multidimensional poverty. Research aims to achieve the following general objectives: first, to identify the level of delinquency of young people and its determining factors and, second, to propose strategies and programs. This research will follow a two-stage research process in which different research methods will be applied. Along with the main results, the authors point out that the most frequent crimes refer to these youngsters getting involved in gang fights; alcohol consumption; in attacking classmates, parents, and teachers; they steal money and or other objects from the collaborating family; they consume pornography and go out to discotheques, pubs, and nightclubs. In the educational field, although they are dedicated to their education, they obtain very low grades. They only participate moderately in sports activities and have very low participation in religious services; furthermore, the young men have a moderately high level of belief in the legal system.
Enablers and Barriers for the Transformation of Manufacturing After the COVID-19 Global Crisis
Authors: Koç Erdinç
Published: December 2021

It is obvious that COVID-19, which is one of the main agenda items of humanity, has an effect on global production facilities. It has been tried to create a roadmap for producers to overcome existing and similar crises with proactive solutions. The reflections of the global crisis on production are carefully examined in the study. The epidemic is not limited to a single country, but affects all parts of the world, leaving supply chains and manufacturers in a difficult situation. Just as the concept of the new normal for consumers has come to the fore, the necessity of adapting to the new norm by implementing certain technologies that have been emphasized in recent years is now more clearly felt for manufacturers. The pandemic process experienced and the difficulties and enablers that producers face/will face afterwards are explained in detail under the headings of human resource management, flexibility, sourcing, technology level, logistics.
Practice of Green Supply Chain Management and Organization Performance in the Manufacturing Industries of the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Parajuli Seeprata , Shrestha Ruby , Devkota Niranjan , Rana Magar Sashi , Rajbhandari Sharad , Poudel Udaya Raj
Published: December 2021

This chapter aims to analyze the practice of green supply chain management and organization performance in manufacturing industries of Kathmandu valley. This study uses descriptive research design. Two hundred and seven manufacturing industries in three industrial estates (Balaju, Bhaktapur, and Patan) of Kathmandu valley were taken as a sample for the study whereas all 245 operating industries were the population of the study. The findings revealed that 33.3% of industries are highly practicing green supply management chain whereas 23.7% and 19.6% are practicing it moderately and less, respectively. It was found that industries of all scale—large, medium, and low—are equally practicing green supply management chain to a greater extent. Thus, the study concludes that manufacturing industries ought to consider the systemic interaction between the internal and external facets of the application of the GSCM and to ensure that their respective operations are integrated in order to achieve improved environmental and organizational efficiency and consequently to achieve economic benefits.
Rating Risk Factors Related to Dangerous Goods Transportation and Selecting an Ideal Warehouse Location
Authors: Karamaşa Çağlar , Korucuk Selçuk , Demir Ezgi
Published: December 2021

Considering the environment and human life, the importance of dangerous goods transportation should be carefully considered. Preventing damages during this transportation, anticipating the dangers, and minimizing the risks are vital components for businesses, human life, and the environment. Therefore, reducing/minimizing risks in dangerous goods transportation is a critical element of vital importance. This chapter is aimed to rate the risk factors related to dangerous goods transportation and select the most ideal warehouse locations due to the their importance for human and environmental health. There are a number of factors for that purpose. There are six provinces in the Eastern Black Sea region having the strategic function and structure. According to the decision makers' views and judgments, three provinces are determined in terms of dangerous goods transportation. Picture fuzzy sets-based AHP-TOPSIS methodology was used to analyze the problem of dangerous goods transportation and the most ideal warehouse location selection.
Wetland Ecosystem Monitoring Through Water Quality Perspectives
Authors: Dar Shahid Ahmad , Bhat Sami Ullah , Dar Sajad Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Water quality monitoring is an important tool in determining the safety and suitability of water for various desired and intended uses. The procedures involved in the evaluation of water quality are numerous and multifaceted. Therefore, taking into consideration the specific objectives of water quality monitoring, sampling design is of vital importance. Most of the physical parameters of water quality are determined via in-situ measurements using modern testing equipment/field testing kits. Although there are some good field-based sensors that are being used for evaluation of water quality, the chemical parameters traditionally are mostly analyzed through laboratory-based experiments. This chapter is aimed to offer an inclusive knowledge and insights on the importance and assessment of physico-chemical parameters that are of high priority for monitoring the water quality of wetlands.
An Overview of the Determination of Biodiversity of Wetlands
Authors: Roy Goswami Moumit , Mukhopadhyay Aniruddha
Published: December 2021

Wetland ecosystems support rich and unique biodiversity. Biodiversity of a given ecosystem in general and wetlands in particular provide important insights to the ecological health of an area. The Ramsar Convention 1971 identified nine criteria for identifying wetlands of international importance. Out of the nine criteria, eight are linked to biodiversity of which three are based on sites of international importance for conserving biological diversity, two are specific for water birds, two are specific for fish, and one criterion for other taxa. Hence, determination of biodiversity of wetlands is of utmost importance. In order to understand that birds, fishes, amphibians, odonates, mammals, and aquatic plants were particularly selected as indicators of wetland biodiversity, the chapter discusses the different methodologies about determination of each of these taxa under different criteria as mentioned above. These methodologies will help various stakeholders in appropriate determination of biodiversity of wetlands of a particular area.
Variation of the Descriptive Grain Size Distribution Along Cores From the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani, Eastern Tunisia
Authors: Essefi Elhoucine , Hajji Soumaya
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, cores were the object of descriptive classifications of the grain size distribution, which were meant to describe the grain size continuous variability within cores and to correlate between them. The statistical treatment of the crude data was done on the basis of two different methods (the method of moments statistics and the method of inclusive graphic statistics) to compute statistical parameters of the grain size distribution such as mean and median. The correlations between cores were done on the basis of sand/silt/clay percentages. Even though it has given special care to test different methods of studying the grain size distribution, this study has not deviated from its primary purpose of investigating the filling of the playa; correlations between different cores were meant to infer their sedimentary dynamics.
The Geobiology of Bacteria Within the Extreme Conditions of Sidi El Hani Wetland, Eastern Tunisia
Authors: Ali Tagorti Mohamed , Essefi Elhoucine
Published: December 2021

Extreme conditions in wetlands may be the niche of development of colonies of bacteria. In this chapter, the authors study the gnotobiology of moderate bacteria within the saline wetland of Sidi El Hani. In terms of geology, the coring within the sedimentary filling of the wetland shows color variation from white, grey, black to red related to the variability of bacteria species. On the other hand, in terms of microbiological investigations, isolates of bacteria show a variability from Gram+ to Gram-, from oxidase+ to oxidase-, from catalase+ to catalase-. This geobiological variability is related to radical change in climatic conditions. In doing so, the wetland of Sidi El Hani may record the climatic variability during the Late Holocene. On the other hand, it may be considered as terrestrial analogue with a development of extremophiles.
Public Participation in Restoration and Sustainable Use of Wetland Ecosystem Services in India
Authors: Mitra Pallavi , Haldar Anwesha , Banerjee Priya
Published: December 2021

Ecosystem services include conditions and processes that make up natural ecosystems and the species present therein. According to recent studies, wetland ecosystems provide the maximum service value per area by playing a significant role in regulating and purifying water supplies, controlling flood, acting as carbon-sinks, and sustaining human lives and livelihoods. Challenges like wetland loss and degradation, declining freshwater resources, and probable consequences of climate change have attracted significant scientific and public attention towards wetland conservation and restoration. Despite diligent conservation efforts, the global status of wetland security is still alarming. Long-term sustainable management and use of wetlands necessitate active public participation from all sectors. This study reviews the current status of different wetlands in India. It also provides a detailed discussion of different aspects of economic evaluation of ecosystem services, wetland restoration, and public participation for improving wetland policies and governance.
Mediterranean Diet as a Healthy, Sustainable, and Secure Food Pattern
Authors: Lamy Elsa , Conceição Cristina , Capela e Silva Fernando , Lucas Maria Raquel
Published: December 2021

Despite the recognized advantages of Mediterranean Diet (MD), the adherence to it decreased with modern lifestyle, where the time dedicated to acquisition, preparation/confection of food and meals diminished. At the same time, Mediterranean regions face a growth in the levels of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, sometimes together with undernutrition that affects other parts of the population. This chapter make a presentation about MD as a sustainable food system, essential to promote food security, at the same time that the methods of food production and consumption must respect the environment, maintain biodiversity, and economic society valorisation. Also, it shows MD associated with several factors such as gender, marital status, education level, lifestyle, and body weight. Maintaining the traditional MD pattern is crucial for public health, particularly in pandemic contexts such as COVID-19 where it shows the opportunity and relevance of adopt and promote MD as a healthy and sustainable diet.
Perspectives on Climate Smart Agriculture
Authors: Gupta Alpana , Hussain Athar
Published: December 2021

Agriculture is one of India's most significant industries, serving half of the nation. Climate is a big factor for agricultural production. Agriculture is primarily rain-fed and subjected by small-scale farmers. Rain-fed crops are 48% of the overall area under food crops and 68% on non-food crops. The complete worldwide agricultural production in India accounts for 7.39%. India's total emissions from all GHGs in 2014, according to the World Resource Institutes, total about 3,200 MTCO2 eq out of 48,892 MTCO2s eq worldwide in 2014. Agriculture is ascribed 626.86 2 MTCO2 eq of the Indian greenhouse gas emissions averaged in 2014 of 3,200 MTCO2 eq. This chapter reviews the concept of sustainable agriculture, establishes the link between climate change and agriculture, the origination of climate-smart agriculture, and relevant practical approaches, case studies, and geospatial assessment methods responding to climate-smart agriculture.
Sustainability of Rice Production at Baixo Mondego, Portugal
Authors: Oliveira Maria de Fátima Lorena , Oliveira Sergio , Russo António Terrão , kiril bahcevandziev  , Lopes Ana Bela M. , Jordão António José , Gonçalves José Manuel , Nunes Manuel , Reis Pedro Arnaldo
Published: December 2021

This chapter aims to analyze the rice production system at the Baixo Mondego Valley to understand the main concerns. Field research and field trials were carried out to analyze rice production, marketing systems, and different irrigation alternatives. An analysis on the worries was made, and a correlational attempt was done. The results show a production system oriented by agri-environmental policies. The problems related with rice irrigation are water scarcity, environmental impacts on water quality, agroecosystems, and methane emissions. To reduce water demand, the alternate wetting and drying flooding method, and the improvement of the precise land levelling were studied on the scope of MEDWATERICE Project. About 12-14% of water saving was observed, with impact on production lower than 3.5%, allowing period of 11-19 days of dry soil, expecting positive implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Innovation in the irrigation system may help to reduce some of the farmers' concerns and help to better adapt this crop to the new needs of agriculture in terms of environmental competitiveness.
Sustainable Development in the Agrifood Rice Chain in Timor-Leste
Authors: Reis Cristóvão , Dionísio Andreia , Lucas Maria Raquel
Published: December 2021

In Timor-Leste, rice is a source of livehood and a staple food. However, it presents persistently low yield, quality, price, and value to consumers, which, allied with climate projections and pressure for higher quality and productivity, raised logistics costs, and subsidized imports, creates a need to identify drivers/inhibitors of sustainable development. This chapter investigates rice agri-food chain sustainable development by recording the main actors involved and understanding their perspectives. Interviews, questionnaires, observation, and focus group have been applied to understand how sustainable development can be triggered. Results show that actors are not accurately coordinated to find a future sustainable development. An alignment of activities, innovation, best practices, and cooperation are recommended towards a future sustainability plan as a starting point to agrifood rice development. Each element of this development should be measured and quantified in future research.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dental Injuries in Children Engaged in Sports
Authors: Patil Krupa Mahesh , Sushma R. , Barve Parikshit Avinash , Dhoot Lekhika Ashok
Published: December 2021

Background:

Maintaining a physically active lifestyle is must for a healthy body and mind. Regular exercise is known to be associated with reduced mortality and reduced incidence of systemic diseases. It has been documented that children between the ages of 7 and 14 years are more prone to injuries, especially dental as they have not developed proper coordination and less aware of the prevention of injuries while playing. Dental injuries include lip lacerations, avulsion of teeth, fractures of teeth, and jaws. Prognosis of dental trauma is better if the first-line treatment received by the patient is done by person who is aware and knows all the possible treatment modalities.

Aims and objectives:

The main objective of the study was to take into consideration the knowledge the population has about the dental trauma and the various preventive measures for the same.

Materials and Method:

For the study, a sample size of 150 patients were included and divided into a group of 75 amles and 75 females respectively. The participants were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Parents of children who were engaged in contact and non contact sports were included to complete the study.

Results:

The p-value was calculated for the study and was highly non significant as the knowledge about the dental trauma and preventive measures were found to be similar between the male and female participants. More than half of the population had no clue about re-plantation of the avulsed tooth from the oral cavity.

Conclusion:

Majority of the study population had knowledge about fractured tooth and lip laceration, on the other hand they had little or no knowledge regarding the preventive measures for the dental trauma. The studies for larger sample size and wide range of age groups in different areas in Maharashtra are recommended to overview the Knowledge and various preventive measures that an individual can take when injured while playing sports.
Retrobulbar injection of amphotericin B using intravenous cannula for post-COVID-19 rhino-orbital mucormycosis
Authors: Murthy Ramesh , Bagchi Aadhyaa , Gote Yogita , Desai Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Rhino-orbital mucormycosis has seen a huge resurgence in patients post COVID-19 infection. In patients with minimal orbital disease and especially with preserved vision, retrobulbar injections of amphotericin B can be of great help in controlling the disease. Instead of giving daily injections of amphotericin B using needles every time, we used an 18-gauge intravenous (IV) cannula with injection port and suture holes to deliver the amphotericin into the orbital space for a period of 5 days. Patients were more compliant and less distressed with this method compared with being given an injection with a needle daily. We got a good response in terms of orbital disease regression with this method. In our review of the literature, we did not come across any such case of amphotericin B injection using an IV cannula. Injection of amphotericin B into the orbit using an IV cannula is a viable and easy treatment option for cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis.
Burden of ocular morbidities and color blindness among school-attending children in a foothill town of Uttarakhand State
Authors: Mittal Sanjeev K , Mittal Sunita , Saraswat Neeraj K , Kishore Surekha , Agrawal Ajai , Singh Anupam , Samanta Ramanuj , Bahurupi Yogesh A
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

To estimate prevalence of common ocular morbidities including color blindness among school-attending children of an urban foothill town of Uttarakhand State in Northern India.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among school-going children of age group 6–16 years of standard I–XII. Schools were selected using population proportionate to the size sampling technique. Detailed ocular examination including color vision and unaided or aided visual acuity for various ocular morbidities was done. Data was entered into MS excel with statistical analysis using SPSS version 23 with significant P value <0.05.

Results:

In total, 13,492 students (mean age 10.9 ± 2.7 years) with almost equal male to female ratio were screened. Overall prevalence of ocular morbidity was 23.2%, with refractive error (18.5%) on top, followed by color blindness (2.2%). The later was observed more among males (3.0%) as compared to females (1.4%) with significantly higher odds, OR = 2.3 (1.7–2.9) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Refractive error has been the most common ocular morbidity, followed by color blindness. Earliest detection can prevent permanent disability and disappointment among youngsters when rejected from entering certain professions due to color vision defect.