bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MeCAAC=N−: A Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Imino Ligand
Authors: Goettel James T. , Gao Haopeng , Dotzauer Simon , Braunschweig Holger
Published: November 2019

A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) has been shown to react with a covalent azide similar to the Staudinger reaction. The reaction of MeCAAC with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the N‐silylated 2‐iminopyrrolidine (MeCAAC=NSiMe3), which was fully characterized. This compound undergoes hydrolysis to afford the 2‐iminopyrrolidine and trimethylsiloxane which co‐crystallize as a hydrogen‐bonded adduct. The N‐silylated 2‐iminopyrrolidine was used to transfer the novel pyrrolidine‐2‐iminato ligand onto both main‐group and transition‐metal centers. The reaction of the tetrabromodiborane bis(dimethyl sulfide) adduct with two equivalents of MeCAAC=NSiMe3 afforded the disubstituted diborane. The reaction of MeCAAC=NSiMe3 with TiCl4 and CpTiCl3 afforded MeCAAC=NTiCl3 and MeCAAC=NTiCl2Cp, respectively.
Asymmetric Cross [10+2] Cycloadditions of 2‐Alkylidene‐1‐indanones and Activated Alkenes under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Ying , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: November 2019

Isobenzofulvene species are versatile synthons in organic chemistry, which have been employed in diverse challenging higher‐order cycloaddition reactions. Here, the first chemoselective and asymmetric cross [10+2] cycloaddition reaction between activated 2‐alkylidene‐1‐indanones and a variety of electron‐deficient alkenes has been developed, relying on the in situ generation of dearomative 1‐hydroxyl isobenzofulvene anion intermediates under the catalysis of a newly designed bulky cinchona‐derived phase‐transfer compound. An array of fused frameworks with multifunctionalities were generally furnished in excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity, even at 1 mol % catalyst loadings.
Hybrid‐mode single‐slope ADC with improved linearity and reduced conversion time for CMOS image sensors
Authors: Kłosowski Miron
Published: November 2019

In the paper, a single‐slope analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) for integrated CMOS image sensor applications with an improved technique of conversion has been proposed. The proposed hybrid‐mode ADC automatically uses one of the following conversion techniques: time based (i.e. PWM) or voltage based (i.e. single‐slope). During the ADC operation, the clock frequency and reference voltage are modified in order to reduce the conversion time and achieve the optimal linearity. Owing to this, the pixel using a photodiode working in the integration mode achieves a linear photoconversion characteristics (irradiance to digital number), and the conversion period, which is determined by the darkest parts of a scene, is reduced by an order of magnitude comparing with known ADC solutions. The proposed conversion technique has been validated with the ASIC prototype of a CMOS imager containing photosensors integrated with the ADCs. The ASIC was fabricated in standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. A specialized measurement system has been used to optimize linearity in the hybrid‐mode conversion (integral nonlinearity below 2 LSB). The conversion period has been reduced 15 times compared with the standard technique. Measurements confirm functionality of the proposed approach, implemented within a small pixel area.
Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of new acylthiosemicarbazides designed by structural modification
Authors: Martínez Roberto , Espitia‐Pinzón Clara I. , Silva Miranda Mayra , Chávez‐Santos Rosa María , Pretelin‐Castillo Gustavo , Ramos‐Orea Aldahir , Hernández‐Báez Ángela M. , Cotlame‐Pérez Sandra , Pedraza‐Rodríguez Rogelio
Published: November 2019

Acylthiosemicarbazides 8a–n were designed by structural modification of lead Compound 7. The syntheses of 8a–n involve a five‐step procedure starting from carboxylic acids. Compounds 8a–n were tested against three Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to measure their inhibitory antituberculosis activities. These activities could be explained according to the presence or absence of the chlorine substituent in the aromatic ring of the amide joined to the thiosemicarbazide core. Thiosemicarbazide derivative 8n is a candidate for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Ongoing studies are focused on exploring the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit M. tuberculosis cell growth.
Molecular profiling of nematode associates with Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in southern Italy
Authors: De Luca Francesca , Fanelli Elena , Oreste Monica , Scarcia Gianluca , Troccoli Alberto , Vovlas Alessio , Trisciuzzi Nicola , Tarasco Eustachio
Published: November 2019

A survey of nematodes associated with the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus was conducted in southern Italy in 2015 and 2016 in order to create a species inventory and obtain data about nematode biodiversity. A total of 70 insect samples (pupae and adults) were collected from infested Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera, and Chamaerops humilis palms in three Italian Regions: sampling took place at 11 locations in Apulia, 1 in Basilicata, and 1 in Sardinia regions. Individual insects were dissected to determine nematode presence, and different nematode species were also recovered from red palm weevil cocoons collected at the sites in Apulia. Individual nematodes were molecularly identified by sequencing the ITS, D2‐D3 expansion domains of the 28SrRNA gene and the mitochondrial COI and inferring the phylogenetic relationships. The insect‐associated nematofauna identified belonged to the families Rhabditidae, Cephalobidae, and Diplogastridae. Just two nematode species, Teratorhabditis synpapillata and Mononchoides macrospiculum, were always found in association with adult insects and cocoons taken from all sampling sites. This paper reports on the biodiversity of the nematodes associated with R. ferrugineus and on current knowledge of the specific habitat of specialized and divergent entomophilic nematodes.
Effects of the improper modeling of viscous damping on the first‐mode and higher‐mode dominated responses of base‐isolated buildings
Authors: Anajafi Hamidreza , Medina Ricardo A. , Santini‐Bell Erin
Published: November 2019

In many finite element platforms, a classical global damping matrix based on the elastic stiffness of the system (including isolators) is usually developed as part of the solution to the equations of motion of base‐isolated buildings. The conducted analytical and numerical investigations illustrate that this approach can lead to the introduction of unintended damping to the first and higher vibration modes and the spurious suppression of the respective structural responses. A similar shortcoming might be observed even when a nonclassical damping model (ie, an assembly of the superstructure and isolation system damping sub‐matrices) is used. For example, the use of Rayleigh damping approach to develop the superstructure damping sub‐matrix can lead to the undesired addition of damping to the isolated mode arising from the mass‐proportional component of the superstructure damping. On the other hand, the improper use of nonclassical stiffness‐proportional damping (eg, determining the proportional damping coefficient, βk, based on the first mode) can result in assigning significant damping to the higher‐modes and the unintended mitigation of the higher‐mode responses. Results show that a nonclassical stiffness‐proportional model in which βk is determined based on the second modal period of a base‐isolated building can reasonably specify the intended damping to the higher modes without imparting undesirable damping to the first mode. The nonclassical stiffness‐proportional damping can be introduced to the numerical model through explicit viscous damper elements attached between adjacent floors. In structural analysis software such as SAP2000®, the desired nonclassical damping can be also modeled through specifying damping solely to the superstructure material.
En route of electric vehicles with the vehicle to grid technique in distribution networks: Status and technological review
Authors: Arfeen Zeeshan A. , Khairuddin Azhar B. , Munir Abdullah , Azam Mehreen K. , Faisal Mohammad , Arif M. Saad Bin
Published: November 2019

The presence of electric vehicles (EVs) directly affects the low voltage electric distribution networks. This article depicts the anticipated problems that occurred when it draws power from grid to vehicle in the charging scenario and critically analyze EV as dynamic storage while feeding the power grid in the discharging status (vehicle to grid). The merits and demerits by deploying the mass integration of EVs into the distribution network are comprehensively investigated. Moreover, the challenges of integrating renewable energy resources and deployment of EVs, for the efficient, reliable, and uninterruptible power flow are covered. The future scopes of electric mobility industry including wireless EV charging, vehicle to home, cloud to home charging are also highlighted. This comprehensive review is highly beneficial for the research community and design engineers working in this area.
Error Variance in Common Population Linking Bridge Studies
Authors: Jewsbury Paul A.
Published: November 2019

When an assessment undergoes changes to the administration or instrument, bridge studies are typically used to try to ensure comparability of scores before and after the change. Among the most common and powerful is the common population linking design, with the use of a linear transformation to link scores to the metric of the original assessment. In the common population linking design, randomly equivalent samples receive the new and previous administration or instrument. However, conventional procedures to estimate error variances are not appropriate for scores linked in a bridge study, because the procedures neglect variance due to linking. A convenient approach is to estimate a variance component associated with the linking to add to the conventionally estimated error variance. Equations for the variance components in this approach are derived, and the approximations inherently made in this approach are shown and discussed. Exact error variances of linked scores, accounting for both conventional sources of variance (e.g., sampling) and linking variance together, are derived and discussed. The consequences of how linking changes how certain errors are related is considered mathematically. Specifically, the impacts of linking on the error variance for the comparison of two linked estimates (e.g., comparing the mean score of boys to the mean score of girls, after linking), for the comparison of scores across the two samples (e.g., comparing the mean score of boys in the new administration or instrument to the mean score of boys in the old administration or instrument), and for aggregating scores across the two samples (e.g., the mean score of boys across both administrations or instruments) are derived and discussed. Finally, general methods to account for error variance in bridge studies by simultaneously accounting for both conventional and linking sources of error are recommended.
Impacts of microfacies type on reservoir quality and pore fabric anisotropy of the Nubia sandstone in the central Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Nabawy Bassem S. , Khalil Hamza M. , Fathy Mohamed S. , Ali Fatma
Published: November 2019

The Nubia sandstone has a high potential for water and hydrocarbons exploration in its subsurface extensions. The present work aims to study the Nubia sandstone at Gebel Duwi in the central Eastern Desert to characterize its lithostratigraphic setting, microfacies types, and its petrophysical properties. In addition, impacts of mineral composition and diagenetic history of the Nubia sandstone on its storage and deliverability capacities and on its hydraulic and electric pore fabrics will be estimated. The Nubia sandstone is subdivided into three informal members: a lower trough cross‐bedded, coarse‐grained with little mud braided fluvial member; a middle planar cross‐bedded sandstone with ferruginous siltstone intercalations of meandered fluvial member; and an upper gypsiferous coarsening upward clastic coastal to deltaic sediments. The microfacies analysis indicated that six microfacies are present: quartz arenite, subarkose, arkose, sublitharenite, ferruginous greywacke, and ferruginous siltstone microfacies. Several types of diagenetic processes affected the Nubia sandstone; cementation, compaction, and pressure solution are the main reservoir quality‐reducing factors, whereas fracturing, dissolution, and leaching out are the most important reservoir quality‐enhancing factors. For the present study, helium and water porosities, air permeability, and electric resistivities (for plugs drilled in three perpendicular directions for each block sample) were measured. Petrophysically, the studied Nubia sandstone can be summed up into three petrophysical facies: Facies‐1 (quartz arenite and subarkose), Facies‐2 (ferruginous subarkose to greywacke), and Facies‐3 (sublitharenite and arkose). The slight ferruginous and clay content of the second facies has slightly increased the grain density values and reduced its storage capacity and deliverability. Porosity (∅He) values which are measured by the helium injection for the first and third facies samples are good to excellent (14.6 ≤ ∅He ≤ 28.9%), whereas their permeability (k) values are good to excellent (106 ≤ k ≤ 2231 md). The second facies is characterized by relatively less petrophysical potential than the other two facies (av. ∅He = 19.2% and av. k = 557 md). The hydraulic pore anisotropy (λk) of the studied three petrophysical facies is isotropic to moderately anisotropic (1.02 ≤ λk ≤ 1.96), whereas the electric pore anisotropy (λE) is less intensive (1.11 ≤ λE ≤ 1.61).
Alcohol‐related head and neck cancer: Summary of the literature
Authors: Marziliano Allison , Teckie Sewit , Diefenbach Michael A.
Published: November 2019

Alcohol drinking is a risk factor for the development of head‐and‐neck malignancies, including oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, and coupled with tobacco use, accounts for 75% of oral cancers. We summarized the literature on alcohol‐related head and neck cancer (HNC) and identified gaps that represent areas for future investigation. Research indicates that alcohol consumption has not only been linked to the development of primary HNCs, but also to secondary cancers with continued alcohol intake, cancer recurrences, and other poor health outcomes. Given this evidence, several organizations have called for reduction or avoidance of alcohol, particularly in HNC survivors. Despite these strong recommendations, evidence suggests that HNC survivors continue to use alcohol. There is a need to forge collaborations among clinicians, researchers, and social workers, to address this problem of alcohol consumption in the growing population of HNC survivors.
The influence of organizational context on the managerial turnover–performance relationship
Authors: Revilla Elena , Rodriguez‐Prado Beatriz , Simón Cristina
Published: November 2019

This study performs a comprehensive examination of organizational context in the relationship between managerial turnover and organizational performance. Using theoretical frameworks of human and social capital, we focus on the moderating roles of entity size, employment system, industry brand, and location. To test our hypotheses, we worked with the company records of a multinational fashion retail group with more than 4,000 stores grouped into eight different brands and 100,000 employees in more than 31 countries. To estimate the causal contextual effects of the relationship between voluntary managerial turnover and organizational performance, we designed a quasi‐experiment using propensity score matching analysis. Our results show that the dysfunctional side of managerial turnover is significant for stores that are large, for stores managed under a primary employment system, for brands operating with higher levels of service orientation, and for countries with more restrictive employment protection legislation. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice and for future research.
Recent developments in flexible photodetectors based on metal halide perovskite
Authors: Hao Dandan , Zou Jun , Huang Jia
Published: November 2019

Flexible photodetectors (FPDs) have been receiving increasing attention in recent years because of their potential applications in electronic eyes, bioinspired sensing, smart textiles, and wearable devices. Moreover, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with outstanding optical and electrical properties, good mechanical flexibility, low‐cost and low‐temperature solution‐processed fabrication have become promising candidates as light harvesting materials in FPDs. Herein, we comprehensively review the developments of FPDs based on MHPs reported recently. This review firstly provides an introduction with respect to the performance parameters and device configurations of perovskite photodetectors, followed by the specific requirements of FPDs including substrate and electrode materials. Next, chemical compositions, structures and preparation methods of MHPs are presented. Then, the FPDs on the basis of single‐component perovskite and hybrid structure perovskite are discussed, subsequently, self‐powered flexible perovskite photodetectors were presented. In the end, conclusions and challenges are put forward in the field of FPDs based on perovskites.

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MiR‐16, as a potential NF‐κB‐related miRNA, exerts anti‐inflammatory effects on LPS‐induced myocarditis via mediating CD40 expression: A preliminary study
Authors: Li Qiang‐Qiang , Xi Jing , Li Bing‐Qiang , Li Ning
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effect of miR‐16 on myocarditis and the underlying molecular mechanism. H9c2 cells were treated with 10 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 hours to form a myocarditis injury model. We observed that LPS treatment distinctly decreased the level of miR‐16 in H9c2 cells. Upregulation of miR‐16 increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis. Then, CD40 was predicted and verified as a target gene of miR‐16 by TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Furthermore, the messenger RNA and protein expression of CD40 are negatively regulated by miR‐16. The relative expression of inflammatory factors was dramatically decreased by the miR‐16 mimic. Cells cotransfected with miR‐16 mimic and si‐CD40 could significantly abolish the injury of cardiomyocytes caused by myocarditis. Our study illustrated that the upregulation of miR‐16 has a protective effect on LPS‐damaged H9c2 cells, which may be achieved by regulating CD40 and the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.
Electrochemical performance and electrocatalytic behavior of myoglobin on graphene tube‐modified electrode
Authors: Niu Yanyan , Li Xiaoyan , Xie Hui , Luo Guiling , Zou Ruyi , Xi Yaru , Li Guangjiu , Sun Wei
Published: November 2019

A new protein biosensing strategy based on a graphene tube (GT)‐modified electrode was developed in this article. GT as a fixed material and signal amplifier was loaded on the carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) surface, which could provide a suitable environment for myoglobin (Mb) immobilization and promote electron transfer between Mb and the electrode. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) of Mb before and after mixing with GT was checked and showed that the native structure of Mb was maintained. The direct electrochemistry of Mb was investigated with a pair of obtained well‐defined and quasireversible redox peaks. The modified electrode (Nafion/Mb/GT/CILE) also showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and NaNO2, which could be utilized to determine the concentrations of TCA and NaNO2 with wide detection range and low detection limit. The biosensor was further applied to the detection of a real sample and obtained satisfactory experimental results.
The predictive value of microRNA‐21 for sepsis risk and its correlation with disease severity, systemic inflammation, and 28‐day mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Na Lei , Ding Huajie , Xing Enhong , Zhang Yan , Gao Jun , Liu Bin , Yu Jian , Zhao Yanjun
Published: November 2019

Background

This study aimed to investigate the value of microRNA (miR)‐21 for predicting sepsis risk and its correlation with inflammation, disease severity as well as 28‐day mortality in sepsis patients.

Methods

Totally, 219 sepsis patients and 219 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Plasma samples were obtained from sepsis patients within 24 hours after admission and from HCs at the enrollment to detect miR‐21 expressions by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Besides, the clinical characteristics of sepsis patients were recorded and the 28‐day mortality of sepsis patients was evaluated.

Results

MiR‐21 expression was decreased in sepsis patients compared with HCs, and further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that miR‐21 was of a good value in predicting sepsis risk (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.801, 95% CI: 0.758‐0.844). Besides, miR‐21 expression was negatively associated with acute pathologic and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in sepsis patients. Furthermore, miR‐21 expression was negatively correlated with serum creatinine, C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐17, while positively correlated with albumin in sepsis patients. However, there was no correlation of miR‐21 expression with white blood cell, smoke, or comorbidities in sepsis patients. Additionally, ROC curve analysis displayed that miR‐21 exhibited a poor predictive value for 28‐day mortality risk in sepsis patients (AUC: 0.588, 95% CI: 0.505‐0.672).

Conclusion

MiR‐21 might serve as a potential biomarker for the development and progression of sepsis, while not for prognosis prediction in sepsis patients.
Social media use and parent–child relationship: A cross‐sectional study of adolescents
Authors: Sampasa‐Kanyinga Hugues , Goldfield Gary S. , Kingsbury Mila , Clayborne Zahra , Colman Ian
Published: November 2019

We examined the association between social media use and parent–child relationship quality and tested whether this association is independent of total screen time. Data on 9,732 students (48.4% female) aged 11–20 years were obtained from a provincially representative school‐based survey. Heavy use of social media (daily use of more than 2 hr) was associated with greater odds of negative relationships between mother–daughter (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–2.52), father–daughter (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.16–2.09), father–son (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.58–3.05) but not mother–son (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.88–1.55). Results were similar after further adjusting for total screen time. There were no significant associations between regular use of social media (2 hr or less) and parent–child relationships. These findings suggest that heavy use of social media is associated with negative parent–child relationships. Longitudinal research is necessary to disentangle the pathways between social media use and the parent–child relationship.
Photocatalytic activity of Yb, Er, Ce‐codoped TiO2 for degradation of Rhodamine B and 4‐chlorophenol
Authors: Paeng Da Seul , Huy Bui The , Phuong Nguyen Thi Kim , Dao Van‐Duong , Lee Yong‐Ill
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Photodegradation through an advanced oxidation process gives promising prospects for environmental protection. Although titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered as an excellent photonic material candidate, however, the band gap of TiO2 is 3.2 eV which limits its effective applications. Various approaches have been developed for enhancing the utilization of TiO2 such as coupling with other narrow bandgap semiconductors and metal ions. We developed a novel ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), cerium (Ce)‐codoped TiO2 material as a high‐performance photocatalyst for efficient degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) by hydrothermal technique. Yb, Er, and Ce ions served as electron collectors for the interfacial electrons transferred from TiO2, thus enhancing the separation of the photo‐induced electron–hole pairs.

RESULTS

The photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO2–Er0.15Yb0.15Ce0.14 sample is higher than those of undoped TiO2, TiO2–Ce0.3 and TiO2–Er0.15Yb0.15 samples under optimal condition. Our developed catalyst degraded 98% of 0.04 mM RhB and 95% of 0.6 mM 4‐CP under white light irradiation for 60 and 240 min, respectively. Moreover, a probable photodegradation mechanism is proposed.

CONCLUSION

TiO2–Er0.15Yb0.15Ce0.14 with high photocatalytic degradation efficiency under white light irradiation was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Yb3+, Er3+, Ce4+ played a role as photo‐induced electron collectors to suppress the recombination of photo‐induced electron–hole pairs. The synthesized material has a high potential as an efficient photocatalyst for toxic pollutants in aqueous media. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tree matchings
Authors: Roberts Alexander
Published: November 2019

An ‐matching in a bipartite graph is a subset of the edges such that each component of is a tree with at most edges and each vertex in has neighbours in . We give sharp sufficient neighbourhood‐conditions for a bipartite graph to contain an ‐matching. As a special case, we prove a conjecture of Bennett, Bonacina, Galesi, Huynh, Molloy and Wollan.
Synthesis and DABCO‐induced demethylation of 3‐cyano‐4‐methoxy‐2‐pyridone derivatives
Authors: Li Jing , Tan Hong‐Ru , An Yu‐Long , Shao Zhi‐Yu , Zhao Sheng‐Yin
Published: November 2019

An efficient method for synthesis and demethylation of 3‐cyano‐4‐methoxy‐2‐pyridone derivatives has been developed. DABCO‐induced demethylation can lead to 3‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridones in DMF at 90°C with high yield. The protocol is applicable for the synthesis of 3‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridone derivatives. The method is simple, efficient, and practical.
Morquio‐B disease: Clinical and genetic characteristics of a distinct GLB1‐related dysostosis multiplex
Authors: Abumansour Iman S. , Yuskiv Nataliya , Paschke Eduard , Stockler‐Ipsiroglu Sylvia
Published: November 2019

Background

Morquio‐B disease (MBD) is a distinct GLB1‐related dysostosis multiplex involving the trabecular parts of long bones and spine, presenting a mild phenocopy of GALNS‐related Morquio‐A disease.

Methods

We analyzed 63 (n = 62 published) cases with MBD to describe their clinical, biochemical and genetic features.

Results

Forty‐one of 51 cases with informative clinical data had pure MBD including progressive growth impairment, kyphoscoliosis, coxa/genua valga, joint laxity, platyspondyly, odontoid hypoplasia. Ten of 51 had MBD plus neuronopathic manifestations including intellectual/developmental/speech delay, spasticity, ataxia dystonia. Corneal clouding, cardiac valve pathology, hepatosplenomegaly, spinal cord compression were infrequent and atlantooccipital dislocation, cardiomyopathy and cherry red spot were never reported. Urinary glycosaminoglycan and oligosaccharide excretion was consistently abnormal. Keratan sulphate‐derived oligosaccharides were only detected using LC‐MS/MS‐based methods. Residual β‐galactosidase activities measured against synthetic substrates were 0%‐17%.

Among 28 GLB1 variants, W273 L (34/94 alleles) and T500A (11/94 alleles) occurred most frequently. W273L was invariably associated with pure MBD. Pure MBD also was reported in a case homozygous for R201H, and in the majority of cases carrying the T500A variant. Homozygous Y333C and G438E were associated with MBD plus neuronopathic manifestations. T82M, R201H, and H281Y, observed in seven alleles, previously have been found sensitive to experimental chaperones.

Conclusion

Data provide a basis for future systematic collection of clinical, biochemical, morphologic, and genetic data of this ultra‐rare condition.
Projected changes in extreme precipitation over eastern Asia in the 21st century
Authors: Wang Chenghai , Cui Danyang , Santisirisomboon Jerasorn
Published: November 2019

This study used a multi‐model ensemble (MME) simulation to project changes in extreme precipitation (EP) over the next century based on four relevant indexes (R95P, FRE, total precipitation [PRCPTOT] and PPER) during the monsoon period (May–September) over eastern Asia. The ensemble model was built from three global climate models from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 5. The results indicate that the MME results can reproduce observations of the spatial distribution characteristics of EP indexes in eastern Asia. Compared with the reference period of 1986–2005, the EP (R95P), PRCPTOT and the ratio of EP to PRCPTOT (PPER) in eastern Asia will increase during the monsoon period under the three emission scenarios in three durations (the early period: 2020–2039, middle period: 2050–2069 and late period: 2080–2099) throughout the 21st century. This feature is especially strong in southeast China and the Malay Islands. Meanwhile, the variation in the frequency of EP events (FRE) has prominent regional differences, including a decrease in the Yellow River Basin and the Indochina Peninsula and an increase in southeast China. All projected increasing were most significant under high emissions (RCP8.5). This study also suggests that EP would not generally increase in frequency but rather in intensity. With an increase in emissions concentration, the temperature threshold at which EP occurs is likely to rise, so the EP might need triggered by the higher temperatures.
Standard chemical‐based tephra extraction methods significantly alter the geochemistry of volcanic glass shards
Authors: Cooper Claire L. , Savov Ivan P. , Swindles Graeme T.
Published: November 2019

The chemical compositions of tephra shards are widely utilised in a myriad of disciplines, including volcanology, petrology, tephrochronology, palaeoecology and climate studies. Previous research has raised concerns over the possible chemical alteration of microscopic (<100 µm) volcanic glass shards through standard extraction procedures, such as the widely used acid digestion method. This study subjects 10 samples of well‐characterised volcanic glasses ranging from basalt to rhyolite to three common methods used in the extraction of volcanic material from lake sediments and peats. The major element geochemistry of each sample was analysed and compared with a control group. The results of this test indicate that basaltic and andesitic glasses are highly susceptible to chemical alteration, particularly to the concentrated corrosive materials used in acid and base digestion techniques. PERMANOVA analysis of the variation within groups suggests that the oxides most susceptible to variation are alkalis from groups I and II (K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO) and SiO2, and the most stable oxides are Al2O3 and FeO. Felsic glasses are considerably less susceptible to alteration by both acidic (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) and alkaline (KOH) digestions. Our findings have important implications for interpreting the geochemistry of volcanic glasses. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Oncologic Surgery for pelvic exenteration in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Laporte Gustavo A. , Zanini Lucas A. G. , Zanvettor Paulo H. , Oliveira Alexandre F. , Bernado Enio , Lissa Fernando , Coelho Manoel J. P. , Ribeiro Reitan , Araujo Raphael L. C. , Barrozo Abner J. J. , da Costa Alexandre F. , de Barros Júnior Amario P. , Lopes Andre , Santos Antônio P. M. , Azevedo Bruno R. B. , Sarmento Bruno J. Q. , Marins Carlos A. M. , Loureiro Carlos M. B. , Galhardo Cezar A. V. , Gatelli Charles N. , Quadros Claudio A. , Pinto Cláudio V. , Uchôa Diego N. A. O. , Martins Diogo R. S. , Doria‐Filho Eduardo , Ribeiro Ellen K. M. A. , Pinto Eric R. F. , dos Santos Evandro A. S. , Gozi Francisco A. M. , Nascimento Francisco C. , Fernandes Francisco G. , Gomes Francisco K. L. , Nascimento Geraldo J. S. , Cucolicchio Guilherme O. , Ritt Guilherme F. , de Oliveira Guilherme G. , Ayala Gunther P. , Guimarães Gustavo C. , Ianaze Gustavo C. , Gobetti Gustavo A. , Medeiros Gustavo M. , Güth Gustavo Z. , Neto Heládio F. C. , Figueiredo Higino F. , Simões João C. , Ferrari José C. , Furtado José P. R. , Vieira Leonardo J. , Pereira Lucas F. , de Almeida Luiz C. F. , Tayeh Muhamed R. A. , Figueiredo Pedro H. M. , Pereira Rafael S. A. V. , Macedo Ramon O. , Sacramento Raquel M. M. , Cardoso Rayane M. , Zanatto Renato M. , Martinho Rodrigo A. M. , Araújo Rodrigo G. , Pinheiro Rodrigo N. , Reis Rosilene J. , Goiânia Sergio B. S. , Costa Sergio R. P. , Foiato Tariane F. , Silva Tyrone C. , Carneiro Vandré C. G. , Oliveira Viviane R. , Casteleins William A.
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives

The primary treatment for locally advanced cases of cervical cancer is chemoradiation followed by high‐dose brachytherapy. When this treatment fails, pelvic exenteration (PE) is an option in some cases. This study aimed to develop recommendations for the best management of patients with cervical cancer undergoing salvage PE.

Methods

A questionnaire was administered to all members of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology. Of them, 68 surgeons participated in the study and were divided into 10 working groups. A literature review of studies retrieved from the National Library of Medicine database was carried out on topics chosen by the participants. These topics were indications for curative and palliative PE, preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of tumor resectability, access routes and surgical techniques, PE classification, urinary, vaginal, intestinal, and pelvic floor reconstructions, and postoperative follow‐up. To define the level of evidence and strength of each recommendation, an adapted version of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Health Service rating system was used.

Results

Most conducts and management strategies reviewed were strongly recommended by the participants.

Conclusions

Guidelines outlining strategies for PE in the treatment of persistent or relapsed cervical cancer were developed and are based on the best evidence available in the literature.
Near‐Infrared Tunable Surface Lattice Induced Transparency in a Plasmonic Metasurface
Authors: Michaeli Lior , Suchowski Haim , Ellenbogen Tal
Published: November 2019

Collective coherent scattering at the surface of a plasmonic nanoparticle array is shown to induce tunable transparency windows at the localized plasmon band. Broadband phase measurements show that the enhanced transmission is accompanied by a large anomalous dispersion, which leads to a group delay as large as within only 40 nm thick sample. This effect occurs over a wide tunable spectral range of , and appears for two distinct counter‐propagating surface waves. The experimental observations are in good agreement with calculations based on coupled dipole approximation (CDA) and with finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations. This study opens the door for implementation in the fields of sensing, displays, optical buffering, tunable filtering, and nonlinear optics.
The impact of the implicit theories of social optimism and social pessimism on macro attitudes towards consumption
Authors: Muncy James A. , Iyer Rajesh
Published: November 2019

People have substantially differing attitudes towards consumption. Anti‐consumers are negative towards consumption. In contrast, pro‐consumers view consumption in a positive light. We posit that people's attitudes toward consumption at the societal (macro) level are impacted by the implicit theories they hold about whether society can solve the problems it faces. We identify two different implicit theories consumers hold regarding how solvable larger societal problems are. Social optimists believe that we will solve the problems that are emerging as we evolve at the societal level. In contrast, social pessimists believe that societal evolution is creating problems too large to be solved. We developed a macro attitudes model where social optimism and pessimism were posited to impact people's macro attitudes towards consumption. We present the results of a study that found that social optimists have more positive attitudes towards consumption and social pessimists have more negative attitudes towards consumption. We also found that this model provided a superior fit in comparison to three other plausible models relating implicit theories and attitudes towards consumption. These findings have implications for anti‐consumption research, consumer research on implicit theories, and social marketing designed to address problems associated with overconsumption.
3D Printing of Supramolecular Polymers: Impact of Nanoparticles and Phase Separation on Printability
Authors: Rupp Harald , Döhler Diana , Hilgeroth Philipp , Mahmood Nasir , Beiner Mario , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: November 2019

3D printing of linear and three‐arm star supramolecular polymers with attached hydrogen bonds and their nanocomposites is reported. The concept is based on hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular polymers, known to form nano‐sized micellar clusters. Printability is based on reversible thermal‐ and shear‐induced dissociation of a supramolecular polymer network, which generates stable and self‐supported structures after printing, as checked via melt‐rheology and X‐ray scattering. The linear and three‐arm star poly(isobutylene)s PIB‐B2 (Mn = 8500 g mol −1), PIB‐B3 (Mn = 16 000 g mol −1), and linear poly(ethylene glycol)s PEG‐B2 (Mn = 900 g mol−1, 8500 g mol −1) are prepared and then probed by melt‐rheology to adjust the viscosity to address the proper printing window. The supramolecular PIB polymers show a rubber‐like behavior and are able to form self‐supported 3D printed objects at room temperature and below, reaching polymer strand diameters down to 200–300 µm. Nanocomposites of PIB‐B2 with silica nanoparticles (12 nm, 5–15 wt%) are generated, in turn leading to an improvement of their shape persistence. A blend of the linear polymer PIB‐B2 and the three‐arm star polymer PIB‐B3 (ratio ≈ 3/1 mol) reaches an even higher structural stability, able to build free‐standing structures.
Global existence and energy decay estimates for weak solutions to the pseudo‐parabolic equation with variable exponents
Authors: Liao Menglan , Guo Bin , Li Qingwei
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the following pseudo‐parabolic equation

under initial and Dirichlet boundary value conditions. The authors establish some qualitative relationships by constructing a new control function and applying the Sobolev embedding inequality, and then decay estimates are obtained due to a key integral inequality for p−>2. It is shown by the Galerkin's approximation method that weak solutions exist globally for p+ ≤ 2. Furthermore, nonextinction of the global weak solution is also obtained for negative initial energy by using a new differential inequality. These results improve and extend a recent result showed by Di, Shang, Peng (Appl. Math. Lett. 64 (2017) 67‐73).
Criteria of limit‐point case for conformable fractional Sturm‐Liouville operators
Authors: Zheng Zhaowen , Liu Huixin , Cai Jinming , Zhang Yanwei
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the 2α‐order conformable fractional Sturm‐Liouville operator

is considered. Two criteria of limit‐point case in the frame of conformable fractional derivatives are obtained. An example illustrating the main result is presented.
Orofacial muscles may be affected in early stages of Becker muscular dystrophy: A preliminary study
Authors: Lagarde Marloes L.J. , van Alfen Nens , Geurts Alexander C.H. , de Groot Imelda J.M. , van den Engel‐Hoek Lenie
Published: November 2019

Background

Dysphagia is reported in patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. Our clinical experience suggests that, compared with Duchenne patients, impaired mastication and swallowing occur early in Becker patients relative to their skeletal muscle involvement. The aim of this study was to assess dysphagia in Duchenne and Becker patients in relation to ambulatory capacity.

Methods

In patients in the early ambulatory stage, clinical symptoms, quantitative muscle ultrasound of the orofacial muscles, and maximum bite force were assessed. The 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) was used to measure ambulatory capacity.

Results

Eleven Duchenne and 11 Becker patients were included. Although Becker patients had a greater 6MWT distance than Duchenne patients, the occurrence of mastication and swallowing difficulties was similar. The temporalis muscle was significantly thicker in Becker patients.

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware of dysphagia in both groups, even when ambulation is still well preserved.
Heart analytics: Analytical modeling of cardiovascular care
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Gleason Kelly , Hwang Chao‐Wei , Davidson Patricia
Published: November 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability both in the United States and worldwide. Despite high morbidity, mortality, and cost in the United States and global healthcare systems, cardiovascular care has been understudied in the healthcare operations management literature. In this paper, we identify research opportunities for healthcare operations management scholars to aid in improving cardiovascular care. We focus on three burdensome conditions, including (1) coronary artery disease, (2) stroke, and (3) heart failure, which, collectively, lead to the vast majority of CVD‐caused mortality and disability. For each condition, we characterize a typical patient's journey in receiving cardiovascular care, elucidating key challenges in improving care and outlining research questions for healthcare operations management scholars. We close with a reference to new research opportunities that emerge as artificial intelligence is likely to transform much of cardiovascular care.
Optimal drug control in a four‐dimensional HIV infection model
Authors: Shamsara Elham , Afsharnezhad Zahra , Effati Sohrab
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we consider a four‐dimensional version of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection model, which is an extension of some previous three‐dimensional models. We approach the treatment problem by adding two controls u1 and u2 to the system for inhibiting viral production and preventing new infections. In fact, u1 is added to components of uninfected and infected cells to represent the effect of chemotherapy on the interaction of uninfected CD4+ T cells with infected cells. u2 is considered in the effector immune component as immunotherapy. The purpose of this work is to control the progress of the disease in a steady state. Hence, first, we obtain a relation between the two controls u1 and u2 such that a Hopf bifurcation occurs. Next, the Pontryagin minimum principle will be applied to derive the optimal therapy for HIV. At the end, numerical results are presented.
How are U.K. churches using social media to engage with their congregations?
Authors: Sircar Atish , Rowley Jennifer
Published: November 2019

Churches are important non‐profit organisations that are increasingly adopting social media. In order to contribute to understanding of the value of social media as a communications channel for non‐profit organisations, this article examines, and develops a typology of, the uses of social media by two global churches with a strong presence in the United Kingdom, Hillsong, a megachurch, and the Church of England. Informed by previous typologies of the use of social media in both commercial and non‐profit contexts, content analysis was conducted of Hillsong's and the Church of England's social media platforms on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. This analysis provided the basis for the formulation of a typology of uses, the main categories of which are building a brand, building the church community, outreach, and developing spiritual mission. Differences between the approaches adopted by the Church of England and Hillsong are outlined. Suggestions are offered for future practice and further research.
Substituted Hammick carbenes: The effects of fused rings and hetero atoms through DFT calculations
Authors: Koohi Maryam , Bastami Hajieh
Published: November 2019

Effects of fused aromatic rings are probed on the stability of 42 novel singlet (s) and triplet (t) Hammick carbenes at density functional theory (DFT). Results show that (a) singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔΕs‐t) emerge with positive values indicating that every singlet carbene as ground state is more stable than its corresponding triplet; (b) all species turn out as minima for exhibiting no negative force constant; (c) from both thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, the highest stability is demonstrated by carbenes situated between two heteroatoms of fused five‐membered rings, in a “W” arrangement with showing the highest ΔΕs‐t, and the widest band gaps (ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO); thus, there is a consistency between the ΔΕs‐t and ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO values; (d) regardless of how orchestrated, the order of stabilization for fused rings is pyrrole > furan > thiophene; (e) fusion of two 5‐membered rings, in a given arrangement, have more stabilizing effect than one; (f) while five‐membered heterocyclic rings such as pyrrole stabilizes the carbenes, pyridine and benzene rings destabilize them; (g) Pyridines destabilize carbenes more than benzene rings; (h) size, type, orientation, and the number of fused rings have pronounced effect on the stability of Hammick carbenes; (i) major criteria is used to compare and contrast relative stability of the studied species include: resistance to dimerization, ΔΕs‐t, and ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO; (j) computational surveys are waiting for experimental testing and verifications that place the nitrogen lone pair in the plane of the ring in a favorable spatial position to act not only as donors, but also acceptors of π‐electron density.
Genetic resistance to Phytophthora lateralis in Port‐Orford‐cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) – Basic building blocks for a resistance program
Authors: Sniezko Richard A. , Johnson Jeremy S. , Reeser Paul , Kegley Angelia , Hansen Everett M. , Sutton Wendy , Savin Douglas P.
Published: November 2019

Societal Impact Statement

Non‐native pathogens and pests cause high mortality to tree species globally and may imperil the future viability of associated forest ecosystems. Phytophthora lateralis, an oomycete, causes Port‐Orford‐cedar root disease and is a major cause of mortality in the ecologically and economically important conifer species Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port‐Orford‐cedar). The P. lateralis resistance program shows promise to help stabilize C. lawsoniana in its native range of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, USA, and serves as a leading example of disease resistance breeding in forest trees

Summary

A non‐native, invasive pathogen, Phytophthora lateralis, has caused extensive mortality within the native range, northern California and southern Oregon USA, of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port‐Orford‐cedar), as well as in horticultural and amenity plantings in the USA and Europe. Restoration of affected sites is contingent upon development of populations with genetic resistance. Naturally occurring genetic resistance has been identified in C. lawsoniana, and an active selective breeding program seeks to characterize and increase resistance levels.

Two seedling root dip inoculation trials, assessed for mortality for nearly three years each, are used to examine the types and levels of genetic resistance in C. lawsoniana. Most seedlings utilized in these trials are progeny of crosses from parent trees that exhibited apparent resistance to the disease in earlier trials.

Seedling trials suggest that both qualitative major gene and quantitative disease resistance occurs in C. lawsoniana. Both types of resistance to P. lateralis appear to be present at levels high enough to be immediately useful for restoration and reforestation. The data suggest that the qualitative resistance is conditioned by a single major gene (designated here as Pla), but nothing is known about the number of genes involved in quantitative disease resistance.

Seedling progeny from resistant parent trees in containerized seed orchards are now being used for restoration and reforestation. Resistant seedlings or clones could also be used to re‐establish C. lawsoniana in urban forests.