bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dekonstruktion als Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Schönherr-Mann Hans-Martin
Published: October 2019

The state and the law are based on inescapable power, which means that justice can only be regarded as being independent of the law and thus of the principles of generality and equality. Justice aims to satisfy both ‘the event’ and ‘the individual’, which can only be achieved by examining the problems connected to it without bias. Therefore, every conceptual approach related to this state of affairs has to be analysed down to its last inconsistency. That is the point of deconstruction, which has always been concerned with doing justice to the event in question.
Democracy cannot be completed, only further developed, which contradicts the idea of a strong state. Democracy demands responsible citizens, that is, those who are willing and able to deconstruct, who have perennially come to the fore whenever people have distrusted the diverse interpretations of the world that have been proposed. Derrida’s understanding of the state assumes there is an unbridgeable gap between the law and justice that exposes democracy as being notoriously insufficient, which both the state and its citizens therefore have to uphold in order to strive for their emancipation as individuals.
Naming and shaming im Kapitalmarktrecht
Authors: Koch Philipp
Published: October 2019

In capital markets law, infringements must now be published regularly, indicating the name of the violator. While it is often seen internationally as a highly valued sanction mechanism, in Germany this instrument is viewed with extreme criticism and is generally not seen as a punitive sanction but as a purely preventive measure.
In this study, the author endeavours to prove that these publications are of a punitive nature, contrary to the prevailing view. To this end, he systemises the relevant norms and explains why this classification must be based on the respective publication purposes and why this is important for the application of the law. After explaining the spectrum of conceivable objectives and writing a side note on the publication of infringements under antitrust law, the author goes into the individual norms in detail. Finally, he classifies the legal institute in terms of legal economics and legal policy.
Engaging Preservice Secondary Mathematics Teachers in Authentic Mathematical Modeling: Deriving Ampere's Law
Authors: Corum Kimberly , Garofalo Joe
Published: October 2019

Incorporating modeling activities into classroom instruction requires flexibility with pedagogical content knowledge and the ability to understand and interpret students' thinking, skills that teachers often develop through experience. One way to support preservice mathematics teachers' (PSMTs) proficiency with mathematical modeling is by incorporating modeling tasks into mathematics pedagogy courses, allowing PSMTs to engage with mathematical modeling as students and as future teachers. Eight PSMTs participated in a model-eliciting activity (MEA) in which they were asked to develop a model that describes the strength of the magnetic field generated by a solenoid. By engaging in mathematical modeling as students, these PSMTs became aware of their own proficiency with and understanding of mathematical modeling. By engaging in mathematical modeling as future teachers, these PSMTs were able to articulate the importance of incorporating MEAs into their own instruction.
Ocasio Alonso, un marinero en la primera vuelta al mundo: incidencias y vicisitudes de un superviviente.
Authors: Jiménez Abollado Francisco Luis
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se pretende rescatar a uno de los supervivientes del primer viaje que dio la vuelta al mundo en la expedición Magallanes-Elcano, Ocasio Alonso, natural de Bollullos del Condado, en la actual provincia de Huelva. Gracias al expediente “Probanza de la posesión del Maluco. Badajoz, 1524”, sito en la sección Patronato del Archivo General de Indias, podemos acceder a su testimonio como integrante de la citada expedición. El documento pretende aclarar la posesión de las islas del Maluco durante el conflicto castellano-portugués por el control de los dominios de la Especiería. Ocasio Alonso se convirtió en uno de los testigos presentados por la Corona imperial española. Además de este expediente, que nos va a servir para conocer al personaje y su participación en este hito histórico, lo seguiremos también a través de otras peripecias acaecidas durante la travesía y que han quedado recogidas en crónicas y trabajos realizados para ensalzar y dar a conocer la gesta circunnavegadora.

This work aims to rescue one of the survivors of the first trip that went around the world in the Magallanes-Elcano expedition, Ocasio Alonso, a native of Bollullos del Condado, in the current province of Huelva. Thanks to the file “Probanza de la posesión del Maluco. Badajoz, 1524”, located in the section Patronato of the General Archive of the Indies, we can access your testimony as a member of that expedition. The document aims to clarify the possession of the Maluco Islands during the Castilian-Portuguese conflict by controlling the domains of the Especiería. Ocasio Alonso became one of the witnesses presented by the Spanish imperial crown. In addition to this transcript which will serve us to meet the character and his participation in this historic milestone, we will also follow him through other adventures that occurred during the crossing and that have been collected in chronicles and works carried out to praise and publicize the circumnavigating deed.
Les mauvaises mères dans Femme nue, femme noire de Calixthe Beyala et Contours du jour qui vient de Léonora Miano
Authors: Coste Marion
Published: October 2019

Cet article étudie la figure de la mauvaise mère dans Contours du jour qui vient de Léonora Miano et dans Femme nue, femme noire de Calixthe Beyala. La comparaison entre les deux autrices permet de souligner la façon dont cette figure de la mauvaise mère est utilisée pour dénoncer certains travers de la société patriarcale décrite dans ces romans. Les critiques sont précises et renvoient clairement à la République démocratique du Congo chez Léonora Miano, tandis que chez Calixthe Beyala, elles restent plus vagues et sont le fruit d’une vision plus stéréotypée de l’Afrique. La réconciliation partielle entre la mère et la fille, qui a lieu à la fin des deux romans, apparaît comme une nécessité pour dépasser les blessures postcoloniales de la société, qui est marquée par la religion évangéliste et les superstitions chez L. Miano et, chez C. Beyala, par les violences misogynes et le désamour de soi.
Evaluation of Performance by Operating Process Improvement Modeling On A Company With Pump Manufacturing
Authors: İNAN Ahmet Talat , KARTAL Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2019

There may be more than one element affecting quality and efficiency in
the manufacturing organizations. As a result of multiple elements occurring at
the same time, permanent losses occur in final production and quality. Both the
customer sense of trust and their satisfaction are negatively affected because
of those problems.

Failure to achieve targeted levels of quality and productivity in the
organization reduces customer satisfaction. Quality and productivity in the
organization are affected by inefficiency in resource utilization, bottlenecks
in the production and inefficient workflow design within the organization.

This study aims to improve production process in a manufacturer of air
operated diaphragm pumps by simulation analysis. Most efficient way of
utilizing raw materials, manpower, vehicles and equipment is sought by
simulation based process improvement. Discrete-event simulation software
(Arena) is used to detect problems in the production process such as:
transportation, blockage and/or layout. Simulation is used to experiment with
process improvement approaches without making changes in the real-world
production system.

Simulation models of the current state and the proposed future state with
improvements to the layout of the production system are created. The results
from the models were compared with each other and evaluations were made. The
future state simulation model utilizes existing resources for process
improvement, without the requirement for additional resource acquisition.
Comparison of current state model and future state model simulation output
data, suggests a 67% increase in the number of products produced per month. It
is foreseen that this increase can greatly affect the operational efficiency and
future managerial decisions, and suggestions are made for future works.
О КУЛТУРНОМ ОБРАСЦУ
Authors: Јовановић Слободан
Published: October 2019

Култура је шири појам и од науке, и од уметности, и од политике.У нас је било политичара, и то знаменитих, који по културинису стајали високо, и којима се то рачунало у заслугу, као знакда нису изгубили везу са народом. Неки од наших чувених књижевникаимали су више дара него образовања, и водили скоро чергашки живот.Неко време држало се да прави песник у свом приватном животу, као иу свом књижевном делу, мора бити жртва својих страсти и осећања, и то,ако треба, појачаних алкохолом. За научнике пак мислило се да, стојећина врху просвете, самим тим дају доказа и о својој високој култури. Ме-ђутим, на примеру не малог броја научника могло се видети да наука икултура нису једно исто. Научник се често развија једнострано, развија-јући своје интелектуалне способности о трошку осталих. Културни чо-век није једностран. Он негује и своју интелектуалност, и своју осећај-ност, и своју моралност. Сагласност коју тежи одржати између тих раз-новрсних елемената, огледа се у целом његовом начину живота, у целојњеговој личности. Његова филозофија живота прешла му је у нарав.
ОСНОВА (-)СЛОВ(-) И ЊЕНЕ ПРОШИРЕНЕ ВАРИЈАНТЕ (-)СЛОВЕС-, -СЛОВЉЕ, -СЛОВ(И)ЈЕ У МОРФЕМСКОЈ И ТВОРБЕНОЈ СТРУКТУРИ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА
Authors: Јовановић Владан З.
Published: October 2019

У раду се анализирају речи са основом (-)слов- и њеним проширеним вари-јантама (-) словес-, словље, -слов(и)је из угла морфемске и творбене структуресавременог српског језика. Прво су анализиране речи једноставније морфемскеструктуре са основом слов у своме саставу (глагол словити, именица слово, при-дев словесан), а потом речи са основама -слов, -словље, -слов(и)је (нпр. месецослов,молитвослов, родослов; богословље / богословије, језикословље, молитвословље, обре-дословље / обредословије, празнословље, свештенословље, славословље итд.).
ПРИПОВЈЕДАЧ И ЊЕГОВА ОБЛИЧЈА КА ЈЕДНОЈ МОГУЋОЈ ТИПОЛОГИЈИ ПРИПОВЈЕДАЧЕВЕ ПОЗИЦИЈЕ У НАРАТИВНИМ ТЕКСТОВИМА
Authors: Певуља Душко
Published: October 2019

Категорије приповједач и перспектива приповиједања посматране су иразмотрене у овоме раду у оквирима неких од најутицајнијих теорија припови-једања у другој половини двадесетог вијека, периоду у коме је наратологијастасала као самостална дисциплина и доживјела велики успон. Иако су нара-тор и перспектива из које посматра догађаје које презентује у приповједномтексту два засебна чиниоца, теоретичари различитих оријентација дозвољавајуњихово обједињавање у оквирима прецизно дефинисаног интерпретативногприступа. У овоме раду су, укратко, колико је то било нужно за обраду насло-вом задате теме, представљене теорије приповиједања Волфганга Кајзера, Веј-на Бута, Франца Штанцла, Жерара Женета и Мике Бал. Указано је на њиховеидејне подударности и терминолошке разлике, као и на драгоцјена нијансира-ња која назначава свака од посматраних приповједних теоријских платформи.Садржајно и терминолошки ни једна од теорија приповиједања нема опште-прихваћен статус, због чега се у раду залажемо за приступ који би интегрисаодобре стране сваке од њих, а занемарио оне које су оспорене усљед непримје-њивости. С обзиром на значај наратора и његовог статуса у причи, чинилацакоји представљају услов њеног приповједног карактера, сачинили смо једнумогућу типологију позиције приповједача која се темељи на ставовима наведе-них теоретичара књижевности. Као и сваки други вид теоријског уопштавања унауци о књижевности и понуђена типологија има смисла само уколико је ин-терпретативно примјењива и саобразна са разноврсном природом прознихкњижевних дјела.
НИШКИ ОСНОВНОШКОЛЦИ И СРЕДЊОШКОЛЦИ ИЗМЕЂУ ЋИРИЛИЦЕ И ЛАТИНИЦЕ
Authors: Новаковић Александар М. , Стошић Јелена
Published: October 2019

Место ћирилице и латинице, односно њихов међусобни однос у српскомјезику постаје актуелан са развојем информационо-комуникационих техноло-гија, за које се неретко тврди да фаворизују латиничко писмо. Стога се природ-но поставља питање места ћирилице у савременом српском језику, с обзиромна растуће изазове у XXI веку и повећану употребу латинице. Резултати спро-ведене анкете посведочили су да ученици у различитим приликама користедва писма. Ћириличко писмо користе у формалној комуникацији, док лати-ничко употребљавају у неформалној комуникацији. Међутим, њена употреба унеформалној комуникацији одражава се на промену начина размишљања ичитања, с обзиром на то да речи које се могу дешифровати и ћириличким илатиничким кодом, у већини случајева читају користећи латинички код. Изтога разлога се као најадекватније решење за очување ћирилице јавља повећа-ње броја часова наставе српског језика и књижевности и свакодневно указива-ње на штетност коју неконтролисана употреба латинице може имати на нашетрадиционално писмо у перспективи.
НА СВОЈОЈ ЗЕМЉИ, НА ПЛЕМЕНИТОЈ
Authors: Митровић Борјан
Published: October 2019

Зборник радова Српско писано насљеђе и историја средњовјековнеБосне и Хума изашао је из штампе 2018. године, као заједничкииздавачки подухват трију српских факултета: Филолошког фа-култета Универзитета у Бањој Луци, Филозофског факултета Универзи-тета у Источном Сарајеву и Филозофског факултета Универзитета у Ба-њој Луци. Уредник Зборника је проф. др Зорица Никитовић.
СЕМИНАР: ПЕТИ РЕДОВНИ РЕПУБЛИЧКИ СЕМИНАР ЗА НАСТАВНИКЕ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА И КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ
Authors: . .
Published: October 2019

У организацији Друштва наставника српског језика и књижевностиРепублике Српске и Републичког педагошког завода 29-30. септембра2018. године на Јахорини је одржан Пети редовни републички семинарза наставнике и професоре српског језика и књижевности
Consumer awareness of the use of food labels in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Danilola Samuel , A. Omotesho Olubunmi , Animashaun Jubril
Published: October 2019

The increase in relative level of education and the growing middle-class income earners in Nigeria have made packaged food items attractive to consumers. These foods provide handy, nutritious and convenient food for consumers; however, they also come with public health concerns. From a policy perspective, food labelling can gauge consumers’ response to the safety conditions of packaged food. However, understanding consumers’ awareness and the use of food label information has attracted little research attention in many developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we investigated consumers’ awareness of the use of food safety labels in Lagos state, Nigeria. We used primary data collected using pretested structured questionnaire from 220 food shoppers who bought pre-packaged foods. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Consumers’ awareness and use of food safety information was revealed using descriptive statistics; Ordinal Regression Analysis was used to examine the socioeconomic factors determining the frequency of reading food safety labels. We found evidence of the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on how consumers read food labels. The study therefore recommends that there should be continuous awareness campaigns on the importance of food labels in ensuring safety and food producers should make sure their food labels are legible.
Non-fermented synbiotic drink based on lactic cheese whey which incorporates Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus paracasei
Authors: Khomeiri Morteza , Khomeiri Morteza , Aalami Mehran , Moayedi Ali
Published: October 2019

The use of acid whey in food formulations is one way to reduce the environmental problems associated with its disposal. In the present study, a new formulation of a drinking dessert was prepared using Lactic cheese whey, milk, xanthan gum at 4 levels (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%), resistant corn starch at 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%), cocoa powder and sugar. Samples containing starch and gum had higher viscosity and were completely stable, with no syneresis and sedimentation after a month of storage at 4 oC. Samples containing 0.3% xanthan gum and 1% corn starch were considered as the desired drink based on sensory analysis. Study of the optimal flow behavior indicated that the drinking dessert is a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid, and the Herschel-Bulkily model was the best model to describe the flow behavior. The pH of the synbiotic dessert containing L. GG was almost constant after 7 days of storage at 4 oC, while the pH of samples containing L. paracasei decreased by 0.7. The population of both probiotic bacteria decreased during storage time at 4 oC. The rate of decrease was higher for L. paracasei than L. GG. However, both contained >106 CFU mL−1 , which is necessary for the health benefits of probiotic bacteria.
When structure meets function
Authors: Signor Sarah A
Published: October 2019

A new study upturns the long-held belief that the yellow gene determines sex-specific behaviors in fruit flies by acting in the brain.
New combinations in Cranfillia (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida) for recent segregates of the Blechnum vulcanicum complex
Authors: De Lange Peter , Parris Barbara
Published: October 2019

New combinations in Cranfillia (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida) are provided for: Blechnum aequabile T.C.Chambers, B. humile T.C.Chambers, B. megavulcanicum T.C.Chambers, Blechnum nukuhivense ED.Br., B. phanerophlebium Baaker ex C.Chr., B. venosum Copel., Blechnum vulcanicum var. feani E.D.Br. (B. feani (E.D.Br.) T.C.Chambers), and Blechnum vulcanicum var. tovii E.D.Br. (B. tovii (E.D.Br.) T.C.Chambers) and Lomaria deltoides Colenso (Blechnum deltoides (Colenso) T.C.Chambers.
Governmental policies to encourage atenting: a literature review / Políticas governamentais de incentivo ao patenteamento: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Coelho Karoline Mota , Boschivier Suzana , Couto Maria Antonieta
Published: October 2019

The amount of patent applications filed each year in the world’s leading patent offices has increasedsignificantly over the past few decades. One of the factors identified as motivating this increase is the government’spolicies to encourage patenting. This paper aims to review some incentive policies adopted around the worldand, mainly, review the history of these policies in Brazil. In this context, the article addressed the Bayh-DoleAct of 1980 in the United States; the reform of Intellectual Property (IP) rights in German Universities in 2002;the financial incentives policy to the national depositor initiated in the 90’s by the Chinese government; and the2004 Innovation Law in Brazil.
Análise de Incentivos às Tecnologias Verdes no Sistema de Patentes Utilizando Indicadores de Valor
Authors: Bastos Rafael Quaresma , Borschiver Suzana
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo visa apresentar uma versão resumida do estudo realizado em Dissertação defendida em 02/03/2018, sob a orientação da Dra. Suzana Borschiver, na Escola de Química da UFRJ. O estudo analisa o valor de invenções de patentes e pedidos de patentes que fazem uso de incentivos às tecnologias verdes no sistema de patentes, a saber do Programa de Patentes Verdes (PPV) do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e da classificação Y02 (ou marcador Y02), relacionada a tecnologias de energia limpa (Clean Energy Technology – CET), da Classificação Cooperativa de Patentes (sigla em inglês, CPC). Para a análise foram utilizados os indicadores de valor tamanho de família de patentes e famílias de patentes triádicas e foi desenvolvida metodologia baseada em seis etapas, sendo que em uma delas foi criada uma lógica de replicação para aumentar a comparabilidade entre os pedidos/patentes que participam do PPV e aqueles que não participam do PPV (chamados de “Réplicas”) levando em consideração data de depósito, classificação internacional de patentes, modelos de depósito, nacionalidade e tipos de depositantes. Os resultados obtidos com os dois indicadores mostram que as invenções de maior valor são aquelas classificadas com Y02 (“Y02”), seguidas pelas participantes do PPV, então pelas Réplicas e, por fim, por aquelas não classificadas com Y02 (“ñ-Y02”) (indicador tamanho de família de patentes: média de tamanho das famílias - conjunto Y02 = 12,09, conjunto PPV = 11,36, conjunto Réplicas = 8,05, conjunto ñ-Y02 = 7,45 / indicador famílias de patentes triádicas: percentual de famílias triádicas – conjunto Y02 = 19,33%, conjunto PPV = 12,47%, conjunto Réplicas = 11,91%, conjunto ñ-Y02 = 7,95%). Verificando a relação entre PPV e classificação Y02, ambos os indicadores mostram que as invenções de maior valor são aquelas de pedidos de patentes e patentes que fazem uso dos dois incentivos em combinação (média de tamanho das famílias = 14,52 / porcentagem de famílias triádicas = 22,79%). Assim, as invenções de pedidos de patentes e patentes que participam do PPV do INPI e são classificados com Y02 pelo EPO em combinação possuem maior capacidade de retorno financeiro aos inventores e retratariam maiores benefícios ao meio ambiente
Protein Design
Authors: Campos Luis A
Published: October 2019

The design of proteins with new or modified characteristics was initially limited to random searches for optimal sequences or to a rational amino acid modification using our knowledge about the target. Nowadays, the advances in the development of new methodologies for directed evolution, including improved screening methods, in silico sequence selection and computational energy minimum search, together with their combination, have expanded the field to a whole new world of possibilities. Plenty of successful protein
de novo
design and redesign approaches can be found in the literature, including enzymatic optimisation, nonnatural protein scaffold design, metal‐binding site insertion or oligomerisation, among others.

Key Concepts

Protein design is an expanding field with methodological improvements in recent years and a huge list of successful achievements.

Rational protein design methods are fundamental to restrict the search for the best sequence candidates that might otherwise take ages, due to the 20

n

possible sequences, where n is the amino acid length of the protein.

The available methods can be divided into experimental methods and computational methods, where the difference is the use of computer simulations to find the optimal sequence.

The best results are being obtained through a combination of different techniques to arrive in the optimal sequence.

Enzymatic design has transformed manufacturing processes thanks to the creation of highly optimised enzymes that improve a vast variety of reactions designed to produce high‐value compounds with interest in industry, biotechnology and biomedicine.

The improvement of computational methods, mainly with the increase of computer power and the development of accurate simulation software, has enabled us to design
de novo
highly stable proteins with nonnatural structure, good candidates for being used as scaffolds in the design of new protein activities.

Interface optimisation in protein design helps to produce new oligomeric macromolecules with interesting properties (including rings, filaments, cages, layers or surfaces) and with plenty of possible applications in the future.
Environmental Seasonality and Mammalian Brain Size Evolution
Authors: Heldstab Sandra A , Isler Karin
Published: October 2019

Ecology has been shown to be among the main drivers of brain size evolution. One important ecological aspect is environmental seasonality. Seasonality is related to brain size evolution in two different ways: On one hand, seasonality acts as energetic constraint on brain size because it forces animals to deal with periodic food shortages (expensive brain hypothesis). On the other hand, seasonality may act as a selective pressure to increase brain size, as cognitive and behavioural flexibility helps to overcome periods of food scarcity (cognitive buffer hypothesis). Current evidence suggests that energetic constraints imposed by environmental seasonality play a crucial role in mammalian brain size evolution, cognitive buffering; on the contrary, seems to be less ubiquitous and is mainly found in large‐brained species such as haplorrhine primates and birds.

Key Concepts

Ecology is one of the main drivers of brain size evolution.

Whether selection favours large brains depends on whether the fitness benefits of having a large brain exceed the high costs of brain maintenance.

Environmental seasonality is both cognitively challenging and energetically expensive.

Large‐brained species use their enhanced cognitive abilities in the form of behavioural flexibility to deal with environmental seasonality by keeping food consumption constant throughout the year (cognitive buffer hypothesis).

If species face periods of food scarcity, they will not be able to hold the energy supply for a large brain constant. In this situation, seasonality acts as energetic constraint on brain size (expensive brain hypothesis).

Seasonality constrains brain size in all mammalian groups investigated so far and might also play a role in other lineages.

Cognitive buffering is mainly found in primates and birds.
Karyotype Evolution in Holocentric Organisms
Authors: Márquez‐Corro José Ignacio , Martín‐Bravo Santiago , Pedrosa‐Harand Andrea , Hipp Andrew L , Luceño Modesto , Escudero Marcial
Published: October 2019

Holocentric chromosomes are characterised by the presence of kinetochoric activity along the chromosome length. This atypical chromosomal architecture has evolved independently in a wide array of lineages across the tree of life. Different mechanisms have been developed to overcome meiotic problems posed by holocentry, such as inverted meiosis and restricted kinetochore activity. Although holocentric karyotypes present potential advantages through the fission and fusion events that characterise chromosome evolution in several holocentric lineages, there is no consistent evidence of increased diversification rates in holocentric lineages relative to monocentric lineages. The extended kinetochore in holocentric chromosomes has been hypothesised to enable a unique type of meiotic drive, ‘holocentric drive’, analogous to the meiotic drive of monocentric chromosomes. However, much research remains to understand holocentrism, especially elucidating the mechanism and evolutionary implications of meiosis in unrelated holocentric lineages.

Key Concepts

Monocentric chromosomes are distinct from holocentric chromosomes during mitotic segregation, in which chromosomes generally adopt a V shape in the former and segregate parallel to the equatorial plate in the latter.

Holocentric chromosomes are present in distantly related plant and animal lineages, suggesting several independent origins of holocentry.

Monocentry appears to be ancestral in eukaryotes, and evolutionary transitions appear to have occurred from monocentric to holocentric, and vice versa.

Reversions from holocentric to monocentric chromosomes appear to have occurred more frequently than transitions from monocentry to holocentry.

Although holocentric chromosomes would seem like an adaptive advantage, there is no clear pattern when compared to monocentric lineages, as both types could present different evolutionary advantages.
OsirisGenes and Insect Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Coolon Joseph D , Drum Zachary , Lanno Stephen M , Smith Chris R
Published: October 2019

TheOsirisgene family is unique to insect lineages. Though the exact function ofOsirisgenes has remained elusive, recent work has furthered our understanding of their critical role in insect development, adaptation and likely speciation. Insects are among the most evolutionarily successful groups, and important aspects of their biology are regulated by or associated withOsirisgene expression. Most insect genomes contain 20–25Osirisgenes which reveal remarkable conserved synteny and sequence homology across hundreds of millions of years. Given the essential nature ofOsirisgenes in insect development, we consider this gene family understudied. While their molecular function is as of yet unclear, their importance in insect evolution is now just coming to light.Osirisgenes have a function in phenotypic plasticity, metabolisim, and immunity, making them key targets of selection as well as for insect population control.

Key Concepts

Osiris gene family expansion occurred early in insect evolution.

Osiris genes have conserved synteny across hundreds of millions of years.

Osiris genes are essential in development, are correlated in expression.

At least some Osiris genes are involved in endosomal trafficking.

Osiris genes are involved in adaptive processes, such as phenotypic plasticity, immunity, and detoxification.
The effects of violent video games and shyness on individuals’ aggressive behaviors
Authors: Tian Yu , Gao Mingjian , Wang Peng , Gao Fengqiang
Published: October 2019

The general aggression model (GAM) has suggested that the interaction between person factors (e.g., personality variables) and situation factors (e.g., playing violent video games [VVGs]) can increase individuals’ aggressive behaviors through their cognition (e.g., hostile attributions), affect (e.g., negative affect), and/or arousal. The present study employed a modified competitive reaction time task to test the effects of shyness, violent (vs. nonviolent) gameplay, and shyness on individuals’ positive–negative affect, hostile attributions, and aggressive behaviors. In addition, the present study also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation (by cognition and affect) and moderation (by shyness). Results showed that playing a VVG increased aggressive behaviors, negative affect, and hostile attributions primarily among shy participants. In addition, the results of SEM also revealed that this moderating role was mediated by negative affect and hostile attributions. The present study supported GAM and showed that individuals’ aggressive behaviors are differentially susceptible to VVGs, depending on their level of shyness in a “for bad and for worse” manner.
NOVEL intronic CAPN3 Roma mutation alters splicing causing RNA mediated decay
Authors: Mavillard Fabiola , Madruga‐Garrido Marcos , Rivas Eloy , Servián‐Morilla Emilia , Ávila‐Polo Rainiero , Marcos Irene , Morón Francisco J. , Paradas Carmen , Cabrera‐Serrano Macarena
Published: October 2019

CAPN3 mutations cause a limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Functional characterization of novel mutations facilitates diagnosis of future cases. We have identified a novel (c.1992 + 2T>G) CAPN3 mutation that disrupts the donor splice site of intron 17 splicing out exon 17, with mRNA levels severely reduced or undetectable. The mutation induces a strong change in the 3D structure of the mRNA which supports no‐go mRNA decay as the probable mechanism for RNA degradation. The mutation was identified in two unrelated Roma individuals showing a common ancestral origin and founder effect. This is the first Roma CAPN3 mutation to be reported.
Liquid Crystalline Vitrimers with Full or Partial Boronic‐Ester Bond Exchange
Authors: Saed Mohand O. , Gablier Alexandra , Terentejv Eugene M.
Published: October 2019

In this manuscript, a new vitrimer chemistry strategy (boronic transesterification) is introduced into liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) to allow catalyst‐free bond exchange to enable processing (director alignment, remolding, and welding) in the liquid crystalline (nematic) phase. Additionally, the concept of partial vitrimer network is explored, where a percolating fraction of the network remains permanently cross‐linked, hence preserving the integrity of the materials and preventing large creep. This combined strategy allows one to avoid the shortcomings of current methods of aligning LCE, especially in complex shapes. Thiol‐acrylate Michael addition reaction is used to produce uniform polymer networks with controllable thermomechanical response and local plasticity. Control of the plasticity is achieved by varying the fractions of permanent and exchangeable network, where a material “sweet spot” with an optimum elastic/plastic balance is identified. Such exchangeable LCE (xLCE) allows postpolymerization processing, while also minimizing unwanted creep during actuation. Moreover, conjoining multiple materials (isotropic and liquid‐crystalline) in a single covalently bonded composite structure results in a variety of smart morphing systems that adopt shapes with complex curvature. Remolding and welding xLCEs may enable the applications of these materials as mechanical actuators in reversibly folding origami, in vivo artificial muscles, and in soft robotics.
Quantum Topological Boundary States in Quasi‐Crystals
Authors: Wang Yao , Lu Yong‐Heng , Gao Jun , Sun Ke , Jiao Zhi‐Qiang , Tang Hao , Jin Xian‐Min
Published: October 2019

Topological phases play a novel and fundamental role in matter and display extraordinary robustness to smooth changes in material parameters or disorder. A crossover between topological material and quantum information may lead to inherent fault‐tolerant quantum simulations and quantum computing. Quantum features may be preserved by being encoded among topological structures of physical evolution systems. This requires stimulation, manipulation, and observation of topological phenomena at the single quantum particle level, which has not, however, yet been realized. It is asked whether the quantum features of single photons can be preserved in topological structures. The boundary states are experimentally observed at the genuine single‐photon level and the performance of the topological phase is demonstrated to protect the quantum features against diffusion‐induced decoherence in coupled waveguides and noise decoherence from the ambient environment. Compatibility between macroscopic topological states and microscopic single photons in the ambient environment is thus confirmed, leading to a new avenue to “quantum topological photonics” and providing more new possibilities for quantum materials and quantum technologies.
Triboelectric Power Generation from Heterostructured Air‐Laid Paper for Breathable and Wearable Self‐Charging Power System
Authors: Yang Wei , Lu Xianmao
Published: October 2019

A breathable and wearable self‐charging power system is developed by integrating paper‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (P‐TENG) and supercapacitor (P‐SC). The felt side and wire side of highly porous and mechanically robust air‐laid paper are utilized as the triboelectric pair of the P‐TENG, which not only shows remarkable flexibility and cloth‐like air permeability (333 mm s−1), but exhibits exceptional wet stability (85% voltage retention after four soaking cycles). To match the triboelectric output, the self‐discharge behavior of the P‐SC is comprehensively evaluated for effectively storing the triboelectricity. The service behavior of the self‐charging system is investigated when the P‐TENG is immersed in water or subject to partial damage. Considering the cost‐effective materials and scalable process for the fabrication of the self‐charging power units, a promising approach for the development of wearable self‐powered electronics is provided here.
Catalyst‐Free Vapor–Solid Deposition Growth of β‐Ga2O3 Nanowires for DUV Photodetector and Image Sensor Application
Authors: Xie Chao , Lu Xing‐Tong , Ma Meng‐Ru , Tong Xiao‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Wang Li , Wu Chun‐Yan , Yang Wen‐Hua , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: October 2019

Photodetection in the solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) regime (200–280 nm) has received significant attention for its many critical applications in military and civil areas. In this study, a vapor–solid synthesis technique for catalyst‐free growth of single‐crystalline β‐Ga2O3 nanowires is developed. A photodetector made of the nanowires is highly sensitive to 265 nm DUV illumination with excellent photoresponse performance. The performance parameters including Ilight/Idark ratio, responsivity, specific detectivity and response speed can attain ≈103, ≈233 A W−1, ≈8.16 × 1012 Jones, and 0.48/0.04 s, respectively. Additionally, the detector has an abrupt response cutoff wavelength at ≈290 nm with a reasonable DUV/visible (250–405 nm) rejection ratio exceeding 102. It is also found that the device can operate properly at a large applied bias of 200 V with the responsivity being enhanced to as high as ≈1680 A W−1. Moreover, such a nanowires‐based photodetector can function as a DUV light image sensor with a reasonable spatial resolution. Holding the above advantages, the present DUV photodetector based on catalyst‐free grown β‐Ga2O3 nanowires possesses huge possibility for application in future DUV optoelectronics.
Multifunctional p‐Type Carbon Quantum Dots: a Novel Hole Injection Layer for High‐Performance Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Significantly Enhanced Stability
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Yuan Fanglong , Sun Wenda , Shi Hongfei , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed , Fan Louzhen , Tan Zhan'ao
Published: October 2019

For metal halide perovskite (MHP)‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), effective radiative recombination of the injected holes and electrons within the MHP layer and minimized injection energy barriers at the interfaces between MHP emission layer and charge injection layers are prerequisites for high‐performance and stable PeLEDs. Herein, for the first time, novel p‐type carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are introduced as a hole injection layer in PeLEDs to replace acidic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer. The CQDs demonstrate high hole transport mobility and desirable hole injection energy level. Moreover, the carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl groups on CQDs not only offer a hydrophilic surface for high‐quality perovskite layer growth, but also passivate the perovskite surface defects to suppress the interfacial exciton quenching. Based on the multifunctional p‐type CQDs, high‐performance green CsPbBr3 PeLEDs with a low turn‐on voltage of only 2.8 V, maximum luminance of 25 770 cd m−2, and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.8% are achieved. The PeLEDs also show good operational stability and long‐term environmental stability. The first application of CQDs as a hole injection layer in PeLEDs breaks through the traditional cognition of carbon materials and opens up new pathways for the developments of carbon nanomaterials in optoelectronic devices.
Enantioselective Fluorocyclizations Mediated by Amino‐Acid‐Derived Phthalazine
Authors: Wang Haitao , Wang Yongheng , Liu Shenghui , Mai Yudong , Zong Xiangxin , Gao Hao , Hu Rongbin , Jiang Xiaojian , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: October 2019

Novel amino‐acid‐derived phthalazine reagents have been designed and synthesized for the enantioselective fluorocyclizations of prochiral indoles. The scope of reaction is evidenced by 28 examples of fluorinated furoindole and pyrroloindole heterocycles bearing various functionalities with up to 99% ee. The resulting enantioenriched fluorinated products are found to be potent AChE inhibitors. Advantages of the current new chiral reagents include ease in the synthesis of analogues and readily tunable steric/electronic demands.

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Airplug‐Mediated Isolation and Centralization of Single T Cells in Rectangular Microwells for Biosensing
Authors: Sukumar Pavithra , Deliorman Muhammedin , Brimmo Ayoola T. , Alnemari Roaa , Elsori Deena , Chen Weiqiang , Qasaimeh Mohammad A.
Published: October 2019

Sorting cells in a single cell per microwell format is of great interest to basic biological studies, biotherapeutics, and biosensing including cell phenotyping. For instance, isolation of individual immune T cells in rectangular microwells has been shown to empower the multiplex cytokine profiling at the single cell level for therapeutic applications. The present study, shows that there is an existing bias in temporal cytokine sensing that originates from random “unpredicted” positions of loaded cells within the rectangular microwells. To eliminate this bias, the isolated cells need to be well‐aligned with each other and relative to the sensing elements. Hence, an approach that utilizes the in situ formation and release of airplugs to localize cells toward the center of the rectangular microwells is reported. The chip includes 2250 microwells (each 500 × 50 × 20 µm3) arranged in nine rows. Results show 20% efficiency in trapping single T cells per microwells, where cells are localized within ± 3% of the center of microwells. The developed platform could provide real‐time dynamic and unbiased multiplex cytokine detection from single T cells for phenotyping and biotherapeutics studies.
Lactate and fibrinogen as good predictors of massive transfusion in postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Okada Asami , Okada Yohei , Inoue Motoi , Narumiya Hiromichi , Nakamoto Osamu
Published: October 2019

Aim

This study aims to identify the clinical factors that can predict the requirement of massive transfusion among patients with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Methods

Consecutive anonymized patients with PPH who were treated at the emergency department of our perinatal medical center were examined. Patients who had received transfusions before admission, those who had cardiac arrest on arrival, and those without history of blood gas analysis were excluded. Our primary outcome was the requirement of massive transfusion defined as packed red blood cells of ≥10 units/24 h. Univariable logistic analysis was carried out to identify the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the explanatory variables for the outcome.

Results

A total of 31 patients (massive transfusion, n = 19) were included in the main analysis. The crude odds ratio for fibrinogen per mg/dL and lactate per mmol/L were calculated as 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.08–3.02), respectively. The area under the curves for fibrinogen and lactate were 0.814 and 0.734, respectively, and optimal cut‐off values for fibrinogen and lactate were 211 mg/dL and 4 mmol/L, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that lactate and fibrinogen can be predictors for the requirement of massive transfusion in patients with PPH.
Fabrication of Large Single Crystals for Platinum‐Based Linear Polymers with Controlled‐Release and Photoactuator Performance
Authors: Yu Qi , Li Mingmin , Gao Jia , Xu Peixin , Chen Qizhe , Xing Dong , Yan Jie , Zaworotko Michael J. , Xu Jun , Chen Yao , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: October 2019

Preparation of large single crystals of linear polymers for X‐ray analysis is very challenging. Herein, we employ a coordination‐driven self‐assembly strategy to secure the appropriate head‐to‐tail alignment of anthracene moieties, and for the first time obtained large‐sized Pt‐based linear polymer crystals through a [4+4] cycloaddition of anthracene in a single‐crystal to single‐crystal fashion. Using X‐ray diffraction to determine the polymer crystal structure, we found that both the polymerisation and depolymerisation steps proceed via a stable intermediate. Taking advantage of the temperature‐dependent slow depolymerization, the Pt‐based linear polymer showed potential as a sustained release anticancer drug platform. Utilizing the reversible contraction effect of unit‐cell volume upon irradiation or heating, the stimuli‐responsive crystals were hybridized with polyvinylidene fluoride to obtain a “smart material” with outstanding photoactuator performance.
Atomic Arrangement in Metal‐Doped NiS2 Boosts the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Yin Jie , Jin Jing , Zhang Hong , Lu Min , Peng Yong , Huang Bolong , Xi Pinxian , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: October 2019

We report a novel modulation strategy by introducing transition metals into NiS2 nanosheets (NSs) to flexibly optimize the electronic configurations and atomic arrangement. The Co‐NiS2 NSs exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with an overpotential of 80 mV at j=10 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability of 90 h in alkaline media. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 0.55 and 4.1 s−1 at an overpotential of 100 and 200 mV also confirm their remarkable performance. DFT calculations reveal that the surface dopants abnormally sensitize surface Ni‐3d bands in the long‐range order towards higher electron‐transfer activity, acting as the electron‐depletion center. Meanwhile, the high lying surface S‐sites possess substantially high selectivity for splitting the adsorbing H2O that guarantee the high HER performance within alkaline conditions. This work opens opportunities for enhancing water splitting by atomic‐arrangement‐assisted electronic modulation via a facile doping strategy.
The Quasi‐Binary Acetonitriletriide Sr3[C2N]2
Authors: Clark William P. , Köhn Andreas , Niewa Rainer
Published: October 2019

The first quasi‐binary acetonitriletriide Sr3[C2N]2 has been synthesised and characterised. The nearly colourless crystals were obtained from the reaction of Sr metal, graphite, and elemental N2, generated by decomposition of Sr(N3)2, in a sealed Ni ampoule with the aid of an alkali metal flux. The structure of this compound was analysed via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and the identity of the [C2N]3− anion was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and further investigated by quantum‐chemical methods. Computed interatomic distances within the [C2N]3− anion strikingly match the obtained experimental data.
Bi‐supported Ziegler–Natta TiCl4/MCM‐41/MgCl2 (ethoxide type) catalyst preparation and comprehensive investigations of produced polyethylene characteristics
Authors: Jafariyeh‐Yazdi Elchin , Tavakoli Akram , Abbasi Farhang , Parnian Mohammad Javad , Heidari Amin
Published: October 2019

Bi‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts (TiCl4/MCM‐41/MgCl2 (ethoxide type)) were synthesized to improve the morphology and the properties of polyethylene. The morphology control is a crucial issue in polymerization process, while tailoring the properties of polymers is needed for specific applications. The catalysts were synthesized in different ratios of two supports with impregnation method. The polymerization process was carried out in atmospheric slurry reactor. The catalysts were characterized with scanning electron microscopy ‐ energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), inductively coupled plasma, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) methods. The polymers were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR, and tensile‐strength analyses. Ubbelohde viscometer and frequency sweep measurements showed that the synthesized polymers are ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene. Mechanical properties of polymers showed higher Young's modulus in samples containing MCM‐41, having higher thermal stability supported by TGA analysis. SEM images of bi‐supported catalyst showed a controlled spherical morphology with uniform size distribution. SEM analysis support that the polymers replicate their morphology from catalyst, improving their morphology comparing to MgCl2‐supported catalyst. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48553.