bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prehospital Plasma Administration for Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: AlJoaib Nasser A. , AlGhamdi Faisal A. , Ghafoor Annas , AlAnazi Fandi Z. , Maghraby Nisreen H.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Hemorrhagic shock demands swift intervention. Management involves the rapid infusion of blood products to restore circulation and uphold tissue perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prehospital plasma administration in trauma patients, comparing outcomes with normal saline. This was a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods:

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from August 1, 2018, to April 4, 2023. The PubMed search string included terms related to blood plasma, prehospital care, emergency medical services, and hemorrhagic shock: (Blood Plasma [MeSH Terms] OR fresh frozen plasma [MeSH Terms] OR plasma OR fresh frozen plasma OR FFP) AND (Prehospital OR emergency care, prehospital [MeSH Terms] OR prehospital emergency care [MeSH Terms] OR prehospital OR prehospital OR EMS OR emergency medical service [MeSH Terms]) AND (hemorrhagic shock [MeSH Terms] OR hemorrhage OR hemorrhage OR hemorrhagic shock OR hemorrhagic shock). Results from the trials were pooled using a random effects model, presented as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:

In the analysis of 760 patients from three studies, outcomes included mortality at 24 h and 28 days, multi-organ failure (MOF), acute lung injury, and vasopressor use within 24 h. Patients were divided into plasma (363) and normal saline (397) groups.

Conclusion:

There is no distinction between prehospital plasma administration and normal saline concerning mortality at 24 and 28 days or the need for vasopressors within 24 h. Moreover, plasma administration did not appear to influence rates of acute lung injury or MOF.
Psychological experience of breastfeeding among primiparous women with lactating mastitis: A qualitative research
Authors: LI Ye , XU Jingjin , TANG Ling
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to comprehensively understand the psychological experience of primiparous women during breastfeeding while dealing with lactating mastitis and to establish a reliable foundation for tailored support measures.

Methods:

Twenty primiparous mothers from a tertiary hospital in Beijing between January and March 2023 were chosen using purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews. After conducting 20 interviews, data saturation was achieved. The Colaizzi’s seven-step analytical approach was employed to analyze, summarize, and refine the identified themes.

Results:

Among primiparous women afflicted by lactating mastitis, the primary themes regarding breastfeeding attitudes included three key aspects: (1) uncertainty during the initial diagnosis phase, (2) intricate emotional journey during treatment, and (3) positive psychological outlook during the recovery stage.

Conclusion:

Primiparous women undergoing lactating mastitis experience substantial physical and psychological strain. It is crucial for medical personnel, family caregivers, and society at large to be attuned to the emotions of these patients. Tailored support measures should be offered to enhance patients’ physical and mental well-being and facilitate disease recovery.
Health-related quality of life and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria
Authors: AKPOR Oluwaseyi Abiodun , AFOLAYAN Ishaq Ajibola , IBITOBA Funmilayo Abimbola , AKPOR Oghenerobor Benjamin , ABIODUN-OJO Olubukola Esther
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The study assessed the quality of life (QoL) and coping strategies of patients on hemodialysis in selected hospitals in Ilorin, Kwara State.

Methods:

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative strategy. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 80 participants. The data were collected using an adapted questionnaire including four sections: sociodemographic characteristics, hemodialysis stressor scale consisting of four stressors, Jaloweic Coping Scale consisting of eight coping strategies, and QoL consisting of four items. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results:

Findings from the study revealed that 50% of the participants were between the ages of 18 and 39 years, 40% of the participants have been on hemodialysis for 1–2 years, whereas 52.5% had hypertension as a comorbidity. A total of 12.5%, 63.8%, and 23.8% of the respondents were categorized as experiencing low, moderate, and high stress due to hemodialysis, respectively. QoL of the respondents revealed that 49.4% had no problem in self-care dimension. Average monthly income (χ
2 = 16.36, P = 0.04) was observed to be significantly associated with coping strategies, whereas religion (χ
2 = 11.14, P = 0.03) and frequency of hemodialysis (χ
2 = 10.26, P = 0.04) were significantly associated with coping helpfulness.

Conclusion:

All participants experienced stress at varying degrees. Hemodialysis results in marked changes in the quality of patients’ life, since it includes a number of modifications and restrictions, which affects patients’ health functioning. This study revealed a wide range of information on the psychological and physiological stressors of people under hemodialysis.
Antifungal Activity of Natural Sugar Substitutes against Candida albicans – An In vitro Study
Authors: Subramaniam R. , Sreelakshmi M. K. , Kuruvilla Suneesh , James Jesline Merly , Babu Priya , Latti Pooja
Published: August 2024

Background:

Candida is the most common opportunistic infection in the human body. Candidiasis is usually diagnosed late. The impact of antimicrobial resistance has shifted the research focus to ethnopharmacology and ethnomedicine. Sugars are a universal component of our food supply. Sugar is largely seen as an unhealthy component of the diet that should not be consumed because of the diseases associated with it. The natural sugar substitutes may include honey, palm sugar, palm jaggery, maple syrup, date sugar, coconut sugar, and licorice. This study was conducted to explore the antifungal property of these natural substitutes of sugar.

Methodology:

The study was an in vitro study. The products were obtained from the local market and 100% saturated concentrations of the natural sugar substitutes were prepared. Candida albicans was isolated from a confirmed case of denture candidiasis. The fungi were cultured following confirmatory tests. Agar well diffusion assay was done on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar to assess the antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed using the serial tube dilution technique.

Results:

It is observed that date sugar, honey, maple syrup, and nystatin (positive control) showed zones of inhibitions of (in millimeters, expressed as mean ± standard deviation), 5.25 ± 0.38, 7.83 ± 0.30, 10.25 ± 0.13, and 15.62 ± 0.44, respectively. Date sugar and honey were sensitive only at 100% concentration and maple syrup was sensitive till 50% concentration.

Conclusion:

Antifungal activity was demonstrated by date sugar, maple syrup, and honey. No zone of inhibition was observed with palm sugar, palm jaggery, and coconut sugar.
Assessment of the Efficacy of Different Desensitizing Agents on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion- An In vitro Study
Authors: Jalaluddin Mohammad , Hashmi Aaquib , Devi Konsam Bidya , Abushanan AlWaleed , Hashem Qamar , Uthman Uthman S.
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of three desensitizing agents on the occlusion of dentinal tubules.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty human maxillary and mandibular permanent premolar teeth that were subjected to extraction in the course of orthodontic treatment were utilized in this study. The teeth were subjected to sectioning by employing a double-sided diamond disk. A block was procured from every even cervical dentinal surface with dimensions of 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm (L × B × H) by sectioning the tooth transversely. Further, 35% phosphoric acid was utilized for 30 s to cause dentinal etching, thereby exposing the dentinal tubules. The blocks of dentin were assigned at random to one of the following four groups (n = 20): group I: control, group II: bioactive glass containing desensitizing agent, group III: 1% nano-hydroxyapatite containing desensitizing agent, group IV: tri-calcium phosphate-containing desensitizing agent. The exterior of the specimens was scanned and evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.

Results:

1% nano-hydroxyapatite-containing desensitizing agent (2.04 ± 0.08) exhibited higher mean dentinal tubular blockage, followed by the bioactive class-containing desensitizing substance (2.26 ± 0.19), tri-calcium phosphate desensitizing agent (2.84 ± 0.10), and the control group (4.18 ± 0.12) in that order. Amid the experimental groups employing the various desensitizing substances, there were significant differences statistically with P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The current research concluded that each of the three desensitizing agents was efficient in dentinal tubular occlusion regardless of their different chemical constitution. However, it was noted that 1% nano-hydroxyapatite-containing desensitizing agent was marginally superior to the bioactive glass- and tri-calcium phosphate-containing desensitizing agents.
A study assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of drug repurposing among doctors in India
Authors: Saranraj K. , Kiran P. Usha
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Drug repurposing, also known as the drug repositioning approach, involves the exploration of existing drugs, originally developed for one medical condition, for their potential efficacy in treating entirely different diseases. This abstract presents the findings of a knowledge, attitude, and practice study that delves into the understanding and perceptions of doctors, regarding the potential of drug repurposing.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

The study’s objective was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the drug repurposing and off-label use of drugs, among doctors in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

It was an observational, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted among doctors in India. The structured self-administered Google Forms based survey was distributed to the participants and their replies were gathered. There are 18 questions on the survey about knowledge, attitudes, and drug repurposing practices.

RESULTS:

A total of 250 doctors and postgraduate residents were issued the questionnaire and 196 of them responded – a response rate of 78.4%. Only 39.2% of participants got >70% marks in knowledge-related questions. The majority of participants (82.2%) considered that drug repurposing is beneficial for health care and using off-label drugs. Seventy-one percentage of participants ethically support drug repurposing. About 79.7% think that lack of information and safety issues are the main barriers to accepting drug repurposing.

CONCLUSION:

Drug repurposing leverages existing medication knowledge and data to speed up drug development, providing new treatments for various conditions. Our study reveals a physician’s knowledge gap on drug repurposing and off-label drug use, highlighting the need for pharmaceutical industry conferences and seminars to educate doctors.
Computer simulation versus chalk and talk for experimental pharmacology teaching
Authors: Krishnamurthy Bhaskar , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Hasan Najmul , Chikara Gaurav
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Computer simulation is an alternative method for teaching experimental pharmacology to medical undergraduates, which can reduce the usage of animals for this purpose. This study compares computer simulation with chalk-and-talk method for teaching experimental pharmacology to medical undergraduate students with respect to understanding and retention of the topic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Two groups of students (n = 25 each) were taught a topic with and without the help of computer simulation for 30 min. A questionnaire was provided at the end of the class, and the responses of the two groups were compared. The opinions of the students were also evaluated on the Likert scale.

RESULTS:

The mean of the marks obtained by the students in the computer simulation group was 18.08 ± 1.66 while in the chalk-and-talk group was 15.44 ± 2.83 (P < 0.001). More students were of the opinion that computer simulation helps in better understanding and long-term retention of the topic and did not feel any further necessity to read books for understanding. More students were comfortable with computer simulation as a method of teaching and were confident in handling animals. More students also suggested that computer simulation is a better method for teaching at the undergraduate level.

CONCLUSIONS:

Computer simulation may be considered a suitable method for teaching experimental pharmacology to medical undergraduates with an intention to reduce the requirement of animals for teaching purposes and hence reduce trauma and discomfort to animals.
Comparative analysis of antibiotic prescription and resistance patterns in the management of pediatric urinary tract infections
Authors: Radhakrishnan Revathi , Latheef Sabeena , Pathak Kumud , Chakravarty Pinaki
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) exhibit a significant prevalence rate in the pediatric population. Antibiotic therapy is a commonly recommended treatment option. Our objective was to investigate the resistance pattern of antibiotics in relation to the prescribed drugs among pediatric patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with diagnosed UTIs. A total of 100 samples were analyzed for culture and sensitivity.

RESULTS:

Escherichia coli (33%) was the most common organism isolated, followed by Klebsiella (27%) and Enterococcus (12%). Ceftriaxone (CTR) (85%) was the most commonly prescribed drug, followed by cefixime (CFM) (32%) and ciprofloxacin (25%). The overall resistance pattern of antibiotics to pathogens isolated was highest for cefoperazone (51%), nitrofurantoin (36%), amikacin (28%), and gentamicin (24%). The lowest resistance was observed for vancomycin (0%). The overall sensitivity was highest for imipenem (65%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (50%). The lowest sensitivity was observed for cefotaxime and ceftazidime.

CONCLUSION:

CTR and CFM were the commonly prescribed drugs for pediatric UTI treatment due to their low resistance rate and adequate sensitivity, high efficacy, well-tolerance, and convenient administration.
Recent developments in the therapeutics of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Nagu Priyanka , Parashar Arun , Sharma Pankaj , Mehta Vineet
Published: August 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmittable respiratory virus that causes COVID-19 disease. Since its emergence in the early 2000s, SARS has posed significant public health challenges and continues to be a concern. This review provides an overview of current treatment strategies for SARS-CoV and explores the potential utility of herbal molecules in combating this viral infection. The primary treatment approach for SARS-CoV has historically centered on supportive care, which includes oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and antipyretic medications to manage symptoms. However, with the ongoing advancement of medical research and our evolving understanding of the virus, several antiviral drugs have been developed and repurposed to target SARS-CoV. Recent developments in the field of herbal medicine have drawn attention to the potential efficacy of natural compounds in the management of viral infections, including SARS. Herbal molecules, characterized by their diverse bioactive constituents, exhibit antiviral properties that could be harnessed to mitigate SARS symptoms and inhibit viral replication. Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, and Aloe vera have been identified for their immunomodulatory effects. This review highlights promising herbal molecules such as quercetin, and curcumin, which have demonstrated antiviral effects in-vitro and in some preclinical studies. While current treatment strategies for SARS primarily rely on supportive care and antiviral medications, the exploration of herbal molecules presents an exciting avenue for potential adjunctive therapies. Further research is required to validate their efficacy, safety profiles, and mechanisms of action. A holistic approach that combines conventional medicine with herbal remedies may offer new insights into the treatment of SARS and other viral respiratory illnesses.
One Health risk perception among the urban vulnerable dwellers of Gujarat, India: A cross-sectional assessment
Authors: Ganasva Pratiksha , Yasobant Sandul , Patel Krupali , Saxena Deepak
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To assess One Health risk perception and local knowledge concerning threats arising from the interaction of humans, animals, and the environment at the community level with a particular emphasis on zoonotic disease transmission at Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar City, Gujarat, India, where the majority are vegetarians.

Methods:

A cross-sectional design with cluster sampling was employed with 387 participants participated in a quantitative survey, comprising 192 livestock handlers and 195 non-livestock handlers. Additionally, 20 in-depth interviews explored qualitative insights. Data were processed using MS Excel and analysed using Stata version 14.

Results:

In our study, we observed varied risk perceptions among predominantly female participants. Among livestock handlers, 23.4% acknowledged the potential for zoonotic transmission, while this awareness increased to 41.0% among non-livestock handlers. Although handwashing after animal contact and work was common among livestock handlers, only 20.3% recognized the pivotal role of hygiene in preventing zoonotic diseases. Similarly, 37.0% of livestock handlers and 47.2% of non-livestock handlers understood the risks associated with consuming raw milk and meat, which reveals a statistical difference between these two groups (P=0.000). Another significant difference was observed in the perception on animal waste disposal sites with 58.9% of livestock keepers and 80.0% of non-livestock keepers considering such sites as risky factors (P=0.000). Furthermore, vaccination awareness was high, with 85.4% of livestock handlers and 88.7% of non-livestock handlers being aware of vaccination as a preventive measure against zoonotic diseases. Interestingly, nonlivestock individuals demonstrated a higher level of awareness regarding zoonotic diseases compared to their livestock counterparts.

Conclusions:

This study emphasizes the urgent need for collaborative One Health interventions to address zoonotic disease risks among livestock handlers in India. By bridging knowledge gaps and promoting proactive measures, we can effectively safeguard public health and well-being in the face of emerging zoonotic threats.
Combined Transanal and Laparoscopic Approach for Full-Thickness Local Excision of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Following Near-Complete Response after Chemotherapy
Authors: Lim Joshua S. H. , Koo Si-Lin , Tan Iain Beehuat , Seow-En Isaac
Published: August 2024

Improving neoadjuvant therapies for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has increased the rates of clinical complete response (cCR). The watch-and-wait approach has emerged as a viable strategy for patients with cCR, avoiding the potential morbidity of radical surgery. However, the management of near-complete response (nCR) remains controversial. We present a case of a 46-year-old male with cT4, node indeterminate, mid-to-upper rectal adenocarcinoma. The patient declined radical resection and radiotherapy. Clinical nCR of the tumor was confirmed on imaging and endoscopy following six cycles of oxaliplatin and capecitabine (chemotherapy only). He underwent full-thickness local excision of the remnant lesion using a combined transanal and laparoscopic approach. Histopathological examination revealed high-grade dysplasia without residual malignancy. There has been no evidence of tumor recurrence at nine months post-surgery. This case demonstrates the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive local excision in selected patients with nCR following neoadjuvant therapy for LARC.
Aggression and the Big Five Personality Traits in Persons with Substance Use Disorder in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Gwarzo Isyaku Mukhtar , Danja Aysha Jamilu
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives:

Studies have reported heightened level of aggression among persons with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, whether aggression is related with big five personality traits in persons with SUDs in Nigeria has not been previously studied. The objectives of the study were to: (i) compare the level of aggression between persons with SUDs and normal controls; (ii) compare personality traits between persons with SUDs and normal controls; and (iii) determine the correlation between aggression and personality traits.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-five participants (35 = SUD, 40 = controls) receiving treatment at a rehabilitation center and normal controls participated in the study. Aggression was assessed using The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire while personality traits were assessed using the revised NEO-PI personality inventory.

Results:

The mean age of the participants was 27 years (18–46 years). Persons with SUDs had significantly higher physical aggression (P = 0.001), verbal aggression (P = 0.013), hostility (P = 0.049), and total aggression scores (P = 0.001). Similarly, persons with SUDs had higher score in neuroticism (P = 0.001) but lower scores in conscientiousness (P < 0.001) and agreeable (P = 0.006). Among persons with SUDs, physical aggression was positively correlated with extraversion (P = 0.01), verbal aggression was negatively correlated with conscientiousness (P = 0.05), anger was negatively correlated with openness (P = 0.01) while hostility was positively correlated with neuroticism (P = 0.05) but negatively correlated with conscientiousness.

Conclusion:

SUDs are associated with heightened level of aggression, neuroticism, and lower conscientiousness and agreeableness. Evaluation of personality traits should form an integral part of risk stratification of persons at risk of SUDs.
Process Errors Committed By Senior Secondary School Students In Solving Problems In Geometry In Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Edim Odor Ekok , Joseph Owan Valentine , Ubugha Agama Victor
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to identify the process errors made by senior secondary school students in geometry in Cross River State, Nigeria. A sample of 300 students, selected using a proportionate sampling technique, participated in the study. The Geometry Diagnostic Test (GDT) was used to collect data upon validation by mathematics education and psychometrics experts. The instrument was tested for reliability using the Kendal coefficient of concordance (W), with a coefficient of 0.89 providing sufficient evidence of good inter-rater reliability. The data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, and the Chi-square test. The results showed that most students make errors in transformation, process skills, and encoding when solving geometry problems in mathematics. In contrast, the number of students who made reading and comprehension errors was relatively small. The study also revealed that the process errors made by students did not significantly depend on their gender and school location. The findings of this study have implications for teaching and learning mathematics, particularly geometry, in secondary schools. It underscores the need for teachers to focus on the process of arriving at the correct answer rather than just obtaining the right answer, which is a critical component of problem-solving in mathematics. The results also provide a basis for curriculum developers and designers to design appropriate instructional strategies and learning materials to help students overcome the identified process errors.
Working Conditions And Teacher's Productivity In Public Secondary Schools In Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Effiom Eyo Ekpo , Enoh Bassey Ekpenyong , Victoria Effiom Eyo
Published: August 2024

The study investigated the relationship between working conditions and teachers productivity in public secondary schools in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study tested a null hypothesis.  Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 260 teachers were randomly selected for the study. The selection was done using stratified random sampling technique and simple random sampling technique in order to give equal opportunity to all the members of the population to be selected. Working Conditions and Teachers' Productivity Questionnaire (WCTPQ) was the instrument used for the data collection. The instrument was subjected for validation. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through trial test and the reliability co-efficient obtained using Crobach Alpha method. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was used for data analysis. The hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance with relative degrees of freedom. The result revealed that there is a significant relationship between working conditions and teachers productivity. Based on this finding, it was recommended that government and schools management should provide and implement conducive working conditions to the teacher to enhance their productivity.
Multiculturalism And Education In The 21st Century: Counselling Implications
Authors: Felix Unimna Unimna , Obil Arop Lucy , Enemadukwu David Ameh
Published: August 2024

Knowledge and education learnt in a multicultural setting is the driving force behind global co-existence, collaboration and successful leadership. With this in mind, educators should continue to cultivate individuals and inculcate in them skills and abilities with which they can be prepared for the future. Through this, the knowledge they gain becomes a tool of power and expansion of peaceful co-existence, irrespective of ethnic or racial differences originating from the classroom to the global community. Multicultural education has the potentials to reduce instructional practices that are either discriminatory or insufficiently inclusive of diverse cultural perspectives. This paper examined multicultural education in the 21st century. It highlights some of its goals and objectives. It goes further to discuss the importance as well as the problems facing multicultural education.
Bioinsecticidal Activities Of Azadirachta Indica And Moringa Oleifera Against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus Zeamais) And Rice Weevil (Sitophilus Oryzae) – A Review
Authors: Iso Nta Abo , Etta Agbo Bassey , Francis Etim Idongesit , A Bassey Daniel , E Imalele Edema
Published: August 2024

Control of stored-product insect pests continues to primarily be based on application of synthetic insecticides such as organophosphates, pyrethroids and fumigants because they are effective for the management of insect infestations. The main method of pest control of stored rice grain has been chemical, using phosphine. However, the development of resistance of Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae to these products hinders its control, and alternative measures are necessary for its management. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is considered the most sustainable way of controlling stored product pests. Plants are considered as a rich source of bioactive chemicals and they may be alternative source of insect pest control agents, examples: Azadirachta indica (Neem plant) commonly known as Dongoyaro and Moringa oleifera leaf commonly known as drumstick. Plant extracts are more effective in the way as they do not cause pollution; produce less toxicity and are bio-degradable and some plants naturally have the repellent effect against many stored grain pests. Various neem extracts are known to act on various insects in varying ways including disrupting or inhibiting the development of eggs larvae or pupae, blocking the moulting of larvae or nymphs disrupting mating and sexual communication, sterilizing adults and deterring feeding as well as inhibiting the production of chitin and the extracts have proven as potent as synthetic pesticides. Synthetic chemical causes many side effects on the environment and humans. Their indiscriminate use can lead to resistance and revival in insects and leach and contaminate the environment hence the need for natural insecticide. Researches on the development of green pesticide from plant and animal extracts and microbes are ongoing. This class of pesticide is much safer and more biodegradable. Higher plants such as neem, moringa and various herbs and spices such as garlic, clove, turmeric, etc., possessed antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. Green insecticides are expected to solve insect resistance and environmental safety. Further researches are needed for a better understanding of the efficacy and applicability of natural pesticides.
Hegemony Of The United States And Wars In The Middle East
Authors: T Abumbe Gabriel , Kingsley Nsan , Ofem Lawrence Okimisor
Published: August 2024

The Middle East is a region of paramount importance in US foreign policy. Consequently, this study endeavors to scrutinize the foreign policy strategies implemented by the US in its dealings with the Middle East and assess whether these strategies contribute to preserving its hegemonic status in the global order. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study heavily relies on secondary data. A comprehensive literature survey forms the basis of information collection, with subsequent analysis conducted within a theoretical framework. The Hegemonic Stability Theory, Realism, Offensive Realism, and Offense-Defense Theory serve as the primary theoretical lenses for data analysis. Notably, the study places a spotlight on US foreign policy towards key Middle Eastern players such as Iran, Iraq, and the Israel-Palestine conflict. The findings of the study indicate that US foreign policy strategies vis-à-vis the Middle East effectively serve the purpose of safeguarding its hegemonic position in the global order. However, it is essential to acknowledge that these strategies, while achieving their intended goals, have a detrimental impact on the perception of the US as a benevolent hegemon. The study illuminates the intricate dynamics between power projection and global image management in the realm of international relations, particularly concerning the Middle East.
Improving the hydraulic and mechanical properties of a degraded paleustult: Potential of combined application of poutry manure and Portland cement
Authors: Tijani F.O , Oyedele D.J. , Agomoh I.V.
Published: August 2024

Physical deterioration of soil poses threat to sustainable agricultural land use and there is the need for proactive management measures  to address it. Despite research indicating the benefit of using cement to enhance soil properties, there is a dearth of scientific information  on its co-application with organic manure. Therefore, influence of sole and combined applications of poultry manure (PM)  and Portland cement (PC) on soil aggregation, hydraulic conductivity (K) and strength was investigated. The treatments consisted of  factorial -1 combinations of PM and PC applications at four levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g kg soil) in three replicates to a Typic Paleusult in a  screen house. The aggregate stability, K (6, 2 and 0.5 cm suctions) and strength were determined -1 using standard methods. Poultry  manure applied at the rate of 5 g kg increased soil macro-aggregate stability -1 (combined total of 40.17%) and the near saturated  hydraulic conductivity (0.83 cm day ) of the soil while PC -1 - significantly increased both soil properties (combined total of 38.71% and  0.61 cm day , respectively) at 2.5 g kg 1 -1 rate. Soil strength peaked when PM (0.57 kPa) and PC (0.60 kPa) were applied at 10 and 5 g kg ,  respectively. The combination of PC and PM significantly increased macro-aggregate stability and soil strength although the PM limited  the potential of the PC to strengthen the soil. The treatments showed potential in improving the soil aggregate stability, near saturated  hydraulic conductivity and strength of the degraded soil with little to moderate agronomic limitations.
Antimicrobial activity and molecular reactivity of phenylthiosemicarbazones containing the Thiophenyl Nucleus and their Cu(ii) complexes
Authors: Sobola A.O. , Yusuff O.K. , Raji A.T. , Shaibu R.O. , Osundiya M.O. , Orungbamila F.O. , Ante D.A. , Odukaye F.S. , Alliu A.A.
Published: August 2024

The antimicrobial activity and molecular reactivity of two phenylthiosemicarbazone ligands containing the thiophenyl nuclues (L & L )  with their Cu(II) complexes have been investigated. The thiosemicarbazone ligands 1 2 were obtained by condensing 4- phenylthiosemicarbazone with 2-thiophene carboxaldehyde and 3-methyl-2- thiophene carboxaldehyde respectively. The antimicrobial  activity of the ligands and the metal complexes were evaluated using gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. In addition the  compounds were further characterised with various global molecular reactivity descriptors using DFT calculations. The compounds exhibited mild inhibition against the bacterial strains, especially Staphylococus aureus and Escherichiia coli. In addition, the activity of the  uncomplexed thiosemicarbazones became enhanced upon chelation with Cu(II) ions. The DFT studies showed that ligand L is more  reactive than L and the energy gaps for the complexes were 1 2 0.936 eV and 1.103 eV for [CuL ] and [CuL ] respectively. Furthermore, the  results showed that the copper(II) 1 2 complexes are soft molecules having higher molecular reactivity, high electro-optic responses and  low kinetic stability than their respective ligands.
Evaluation of antibacterial, phytochemical screening and GCMS profile of Paullinia pinnata Linn. leaf extracts against clinical wound isolates
Authors: Olatujoye F. , Bamigbade O.O. , Oyedeji O , Idowu T.O. , Oluduro A.O.
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the antibacterial properties, phytochemical constituents, and mode of action of Paullinia pinnata extracts on  clinical wound isolates, and spectral features of the most active fraction. The Paullinia pinnata leaf was subjected to ethanol extraction  and resulting solvent extract' concentrated to crude extract (Pp CE)  using rotary evaporator at 4 - 40 oC followed by fractionation with  column chromatography. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were determined against the test organisms using agar diffusion  methods. Investigation of phytochemical constituents of Paullinia pinnata crude extract (Pp CE) and Paullinia pinnata ethyl acetate fraction (Pp EA) were carried out using appropriate methods. The constituents of the plant were further determined using GC-MS and FT- IR. The data obtained showed that the antibacterial activity of crude extract Pp CE, at a concentration of 35 mg/ml, had the highest zone  of inhibition (22.00 mm) against Staphylococcus sp. (C1). The MIC and MBC recorded were 2.19 and 17.50 mg/mL respectively.  Phytochemical screening of Pp EA detected alkaloid, terpenoid, saponin, phenol, carbohydrate, and resin as found in the Pp CE, but with  additional cardiac glycoside and sterols. The Pp CE fraction attained appreciable rate of kill against representative strains, likely achieved  by the antibacterial compounds present in the plant extract. The GC-MS revealed trans-13- Octadecenoic acid as the major constituent of  Pp EA fraction at 23.25%. The FT-IR of the Pp EA fraction unveiled hydroxyl group, (C=O) carbonyl group of ketone/aldehydes and C-C  skeletal vibrations. Thus, this study suggests that the Pp EA fractions possess some antibacterial activities and can be considered for   development into therapeutic drugs.
Classification, geotectonic setting, and mineralization potential of the minor intrusion in the eastern margin of Igarra Schist Belt, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju M.O. , Adetunji A. , Adisa A.L.
Published: August 2024

Petrographic and geochemical studies of the minor intrusion that occurs as sill in the eastern boundary of the Igarra Schist Belt with the  granite-gneiss of the migmatite-gneiss complex were undertaken to classify it and determine its tectonic setting and mineralization  potential. Petrographic study and geochemical classification revealed that the sill is microgranitic in composition, comprising an  aggregate of medium grained microcline and quartz, and accessory actinolite, possibly formed by the alteration of hornblende. The  geotectonic setting showed that the sill is orogenic, probably derived from the same upper mantle magma that got contaminated by crustal materials as Igarra batholith. A study of its mineralization potential revealed the microgranite to be intensely sheared being  heavily brecciated, and contains quarts, quartzo-feldspathic and pegmatite veinsfeatures that predisposed it for mineralization. The  average contents of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cu and Fe are much higher than their average abundances in standard granites and could host iron  oxide-copper -gold (IOCG) deposit with Ag, Au, Bi, Cu and Fe ore minerals.
Physical vulnerability assessment and household preparedness of Buea Municipality to seismic hazards from Mount Cameroon Eruptions: A cause for concern
Authors: Wayih Nchini Livinus , Wantim Mabel Nechia , Nkwain Tuhmbom Engelbert , Ayonghe Samuel Ndonwi
Published: August 2024

Earthquakes associated with volcanic eruptions from Mount Cameroon can impact society and building infrastructures. This study  therefore aimed to assess the following: i) the geological features (rock/soil types) and its characteristics in selected localities within Buea  municipality; ii) past-eruption/earthquake impact assessment on buildings; iii) physical vulnerability of buildings infrastructure and  iv) household preparedness to earthquake hazards. The study utilized a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative  techniques. Geological characteristics was assessed through site visits across the selected ten localities by physical observation and rock  sample collection. Past-eruptions (1959, 1982, 1999, 2000) impacts assessment on buildings and household preparedness to earthquakes  were evaluated using structured questionnaires. Building vulnerability was assessed using the ENSURE and the Building Vulnerability  Index (BVI) methodology on the following parameters: building state, building materials, house position (single, row, clustered), house  age, proximity to volcano and the surrounding soils/rocks. Findings revealed the rock types are predominantly made up of basaltic rocks/ lava, pyroclastic deposits, tuff, lahar deposits and brownish to black loamy soils. Earthquake impact on buildings from the 4 eruptions  revealed that localities around the epicenter were the most affected. Physical vulnerability assessment revealed that 35 % of the  vulnerable buildings were < 5 years old and were residential buildings. Quantitative analysis of building vulnerability indicated moderate  vulnerability to seismic hazards in 50 % of the assessed localities. For household preparedness to volcanic earthquakes: 32.0 % of  households had first aid kits and 73.1 % had identified safe evacuation locations. The study revealed that the presence of tuff, soft and  loose unconsolidated soils; the position and state of buildings; and the absence of evacuation plans significantly contributed to seismic  vulnerability in Buea municipality.
Teaching medical practice through Art and experiential knowledge with the participation of the patient
Authors: Chansou Thomas , Benattar Jean-Michel
Published: August 2024

La participation des patients à la formation des études de médecine est pratiquée depuis longtemps, apparaît de plus en plus pertinent et devient en France de plus en plus d’actualité. À la Faculté de médecine de Nice, ce type d’activité pédagogique a été introduite par l’action commune organisée par co-construction entre une association citoyenne réalisant des rencontres-ciné-débat sur des thématiques de santé et la faculté de médecine. En effet, après avoir initié cette approche de co-design dans le cadre d’une formation à l’Art du soin ouverte aux étudiants en cursus initial, aux professionnels de santé en activité, aux patients et aux proches, qui constitue un premier socle de patients formateurs, le collectif créé a été invité à reconstruire une activité pédagogique jusqu’ici menée avec des acteurs. Ce dispositif pédagogique dont l’intitulé en interne est « La Clinique du Galet » car il est organisé dans l’amphithéâtre du CHU à destination des étudiants de 4e, 5e et 6e année a donc été co-construit entre patient et médecin en conservant la trame initiale. L’expérience du patient y a cependant été intégrée, dans un premier temps projetée à travers une œuvre d’art et sa participation en tandem avec un médecin aux échanges avec les étudiants présents, reprenant ainsi le fil de ce qui est proposé depuis l’origine des actions d’éducation citoyenne de la Maison de la Médecine et de la Culture, du DU Art du soin en partenariat avec le patient proposé à la faculté de médecine et ouvrant la voie cette année à des séquences pédagogiques dans le continuum de la formation médicale de cette Faculté de médecine. C’est ce dont traite la communication présentée ici par un tandem de partenariat patient-médecin.
From patient trainer to peer health mediator, a story of training anchored in the city
Authors: Lunel Alexandre
Published: August 2024

Information to the patient about his state of health and its possible consequences, as well as the need to request his consent to deliver the necessary care are recent achievements. For centuries, in the name of medical paternalism, doctors have preferred not to reveal to patients information relating to their state of health so as not to alarm them unnecessarily. Since then, the Kouchner law of March 4, 2002 seemed to “introduce a role reversal” (Gridel, 2002) by putting the consent of the person in the foreground andt he therapeutic necessity in the background. New care strategies have also emerged in response to societal expectations. The patient-healthcare professional partnership is one of them. His goal? Promote the expertise derived from the patient's experience of the disease and consider the latteras a full member—a partner—of the care team. Paris 8 University has supported this movement by setting up diploma courses. Its partnership with Côte d'Azur University is now a major new step with the application of an integrated patient-partnership model in the training of health professionals.

L’information du malade sur son état de santé et ses éventuelles conséquences, ainsi que la nécessité de requérir son consentement pour délivrer les soins nécessaires sont des acquis récents. Durant des siècles, au nom du paternalisme médical, les médecins ont ainsi préféré ne pas révéler aux patients les informations relatives à leur état de santé pour ne pas les alarmer inutilement. Depuis, la loi Kouchner du 4 mars 2002 a paru « introduire une inversion des rôles » (Gridel, 2002) en mettant au premier plan le consentement de la personne et au second plan la nécessité thérapeutique. De nouvelles stratégies de soins ont également émergé en réponse aux attentes sociétales. Le partenariat patient-professionnel de santé est l’une d’entre-elles. Son objectif ? Valoriser l’expertise issue du vécu de la maladie par le patient et considérer ce dernier comme un membre à part entière – un partenaire – de l’équipe de soins. L’université Paris 8 a accompagné ce mouvement à travers la mise en place de formations diplômantes. Son partenariat avec l’université Côte d’Azur constitue aujourd’hui une nouvelle étape majeure avec l’application d’un modèle intégré de partenariat-patient dans la formation des professionnels de la santé.
Innovating in partnership by creating a mobile application decision aid in the doctor-patient relationship: The ApiAppS research
Authors: Flora Luigi , Darmon David , Darmoni Stéfan J. , Julien Grosjean , Simon Christian , Hassanaly Parina , Dufour Jean-Charles
Published: August 2024

This article presents a research funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) on the design of a prescription decision aid for mobile health applications for French general practitioners. This research, proposed by an inter-university consortium, has become an interdisciplinary development in partnership with patients. The article sheds light on both the phases constituted mobilizing in turn, the different researchers, professionals, citizens and patients, the modalities of partnership initiated as well as the results of the research.

Cet article présente une recherche financée par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) sur la conception d’une aide à la décision de prescription d’applications mobiles de santé pour les médecins généralistes français. Proposée par un consortium interuniversitaire, cette recherche est devenue, en cours d’élaboration, interdisciplinaire, en partenariat avec les patients. L’article éclaire tant les phases constituées mobilisant à tour de rôle les différents chercheurs, professionnels, citoyens et patients, les modalités de partenariat initiés, que les résultats de la recherche.
The Combined Hip Procedure: Open Reduction Internal Fixation Combined with Total Hip Arthroplasty for the Management of Severe Acetabular Fractures in the Elderly: A Case Report
Authors: Pramukti Rolandi Indra , Chilmi Mohammad Zaim , Sedar Jifaldi A.M.D.
Published: August 2024

Rolandi Indra Pramukti1, Mohammad Zaim Chilmi2 and Jifaldi A.M.D. Sedar31 Fellow of Indonesia Hip and Knee Society, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery Department, dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia2 Senior Consultant Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery Department, dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia3 Consultant Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery Department, dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, IndonesiaAbstractAcetabular fractures in the elderly are marked by many variability in terms of patient and fracture characteristics. Successful outcomes depend on application of highly individualized (tailor made) management principles. The indications and outcomes associated with various management options, including closed treatment, open reduction internal fixation, and direct or staged total hip arthroplasty. Proper initial management choices are critical, as early failures and subsequent salvage surgery can be accompanied with morbidity. Clinical results after ORIF closely follow the quality of articular reduction and the ability to maintain a congruent reduction of the hip joint. Fracture characteristics and ability to achieve anatomic-articular reduction, should be treated with ORIF. However, fracture characteristics predictive, prior to early post-traumatic arthritis should be treated with simultaneous ORIF and THA (Combine Hip Procedure, CHP). The case presented is one referral institutions treatment algorithm and management approach in dr. Soetomo general hospital.Keywords: acetabulum fracture. elderly. combine hip procedure. ORIF. total hip arthroplasty