bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal-Organic Framework Fe3O(BPDC)3 as an efficient catalyst for the oxidative couling reaction of benzaldehyde and (E)-1-phenylethan-1-one O-acetyl oxime
Authors: Doan Son , Van Tram , Dang Giao , Le Nhan , Phan Nam
Published: April 2021

A porous crytalline metal-organic framework Fe3O(BPDC)3 was synthesized, and its properties were characterized by various techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen physisorption measurements. The Fe3O(BPDC)3 was used as an efficient catalyst for the oxidative coupling reaction of benzaldehyde and (E)-1-phenylethan-1-one O-acetyl oxime to form 2,4,6-triphenylpyridine as desired product. The reaction could proceed readily, with more than 83 % reaction yield being achieved after 360 min at 140 oC in the presence of 10 mol% Fe3O(BPDC)3) catalyst and Di-tert-butyl peroxide as an oxidant. This Fe-MOF exhibited higher activity than other MOFs and traditional homogeneous catalysts in the oxidative coupling reaction. The transformation could only proceed to obtain main product in the presence of Fe3O(BPDC)3.
A Correlational Study Investigating Students’ Activities in STAD Model and Their Interest in Learning English
Authors: Albiansyah A , Hardiyanti Endah
Published: April 2021

Abstract.

 

The study attempts to know the significant correlation between students’ Activities in STAD Model and their interest in learning English. This study was a correlational study designed to determine whether and how a set of variables had related to each other. The participants were 50 students in the first year of high school. The instruments used in this study were observation sheet and questionnaire. Observation sheet is used to find out the category of students’ activities in STAD model and give a questionnaire consisting of seven items to the students. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The score of product-moment by using SPSS, Rxy is (0,410): it showed there was a significant correlation between students’ activities in STAD model and their interest in learning English. Referring to the product-moment table, it shows that the correlation is “enough” because 0,401 placed between 0,400 – 0,599. In addition, the null hypothesis was rejected because r table is lower than r observation whether at 5% (0,279) or at 1 % (0,361) level of significance, meaning that there was a significant correlation between students’ activities in STAD model and their interest in learning English. So, it can be concluded that activities in STAD model can influence students’ interest because, in STAD model, students can learn the English learning material better.

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Keywords: Students’ activities, STAD model, interest, learning English.
Determinant Factor of Saving Decision in Syaria Financial Institution
Authors: Hidhayati Fitri Nur , Rahmawan Ginanjar
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted to determine that the decision to save in Islamic cooperatives is influenced by several factors such as promotion, service quality and products. Variables used in this study are as follows promotion (X1), service quality (X2), product (X3) and decision to save (Y). This research was conducted with a quantitative approach which is one of the methods used to assess a particular population or sample by using a purposive sampling technique using a solvin count so that 88 respondents who are already members of BMT Surya Dana Makmur can be taken. Data collection techniques are by distributing questionnaires online to members using a Likert scale to make it easier for respondents to fill out. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. Researchers used a tool called SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) to see the results of the data obtained. The results of this study promotion have a positive and insignificant effect on the decision to save in Islamic cooperatives. Then the quality of service and products has a positive and significant effect on the decision to save in Islamic cooperatives.
Talking Stick Learning Model Test on Biology Students Cognitive Learning Outcomes
Authors: Purba Ika Rosenta
Published: April 2021

The talking stick learning model is a learning model that allows students to be active and creative so that Students cognitive learning outcomes can be achieved. This learning model basically uses the help of a stick, but in practice it can be combined with appropriate learning media. In this case, the researcher only used the stick as a test of the talking stick learning model on Studentscognitive learning outcomes. The method of testing this model used a quasi-experimental design with a One-group pretest-posttest design with 3 trials. The results of the research proved that the second (71.56) and third (78.44) experiments have reached the KKM (> 70). This proves that the talking stick learning model can improve Students cognitive biology learning outcomes.
Perkembangan Arsitektur Isam: Mengenal Bentuk Arsitektur Islam di Nusantara
Authors: Hidayatulloh Haris
Published: April 2021

Conceptually this paper aims to know architecture in the Islamic tradition and the history of the development of Islamic architecture from time to time, to know the main characteristics of Islamic architecture, and to find out the form of Islamic architecture in the archipelago. Using the literature study method, this article produces findings, (1) the sense of admiration of Muslims for the beauty and aesthetics of Islamic architecture is inseparable from the submission and surrender of Muslims to the greatness and majesty of the Creator who is believed to have all the beauty (2) Islamic architecture does not have form one and uniform, but different. (3) factors that influence the form of Islamic architecture include geographical factors, local culture, and traditions, building functions.
PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS NO PROCESSO DE DOSIMETRIA DE PENA
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Turíbio Marques , Brum Bernardo Ricciardi dos Santos , Soares João Pedro Andrades Salles , Martins Pedro Antônio Lorentz
Published: April 2021

O procedimento dosimétrico da pena no processo penal brasileiro é formado por três fases distintas, que resultam numa pena definitiva, devendo esta ser justa e proporcional, com fim de reprovar e prevenir o delito. Nesse contexto, faz-se curial apontar os princípios constitucionais que norteiam o processo penal, sobretudo quanto à fixação da pena, quais sejam a legalidade, dignidade da pessoa humana, proporcionalidade e a individualização da pena. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa busca entender o enfoque dos princípios constitucionais que regem o processo dosimétrico da pena no processo penal brasileiro. Para tanto, o presente estudo é divido em dois grandes capítulos. No primeiro, tratar-se-á acerca da evolução do processo dosimétrico no processo penal brasileiro. Na segunda metade, será realizada a explanação dos princípios que norteiam o processo penal, sobretudo quanto à fixação da pena.
The effect of black carbon on aerosol-boundary layer feedback: Potential implications for Beijing haze episodes
Authors: Slater Jessica , Coe Hugh , McFiggans Gordon , Tonttila Juha , Romakkaniemi Sami
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Beijing suffers from poor air quality particularly during wintertime haze episodes when concentrations of PM2.5 can peak at > 400 ug/m3. Black carbon (BC), an aerosol which strongly absorbs solar radiation can make up to 10 % of PM2.5 in Beijing. Black carbon is of interest due to its climatic and health impacts. Black carbon has also been found to impact planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology. Through interacting with radiation and altering the thermal profile of the lower atmosphere, BC can either suppress or enhance PBL development to various degrees depending on the properties and altitude of the BC layer.Previous research assessing the impact of BC on PBL meteorology has been investigated through the use of regional models which are limited both by resolution and the chosen boundary layer schemes. In this work, we apply a high resolution coupled large eddy simulation-aerosol-radiation model (UCLALES-SALSA) to quantify the impact of black carbon at different altitudes on PBL dynamics using conditions from a specific haze episode which occurred from 1st–4th Dec 2016 in Beijing. Results presented in this paper quantify the heating rate of BC at various altitudes to be between 0.01 and 0.016 K/h per μg/m3 of BC, increasing with altitude but decreasing across the PBL. Through utilising a high resolution model which explicitly calculates turbulent dynamics, this paper showcases the impact of BC on PBL dynamics both within and above the PBL. These results show that BC within the PBL increases maximum PBL height by 0.4 % but that the same loading of BC above the PBL can suppress PBL height by 6.5 %. Furthermore, when BC is present throughout the column the impact of BC suppressing PBL development is further maximised, with BC causing a 17 % decrease in maximum PBL height compared to only scattering aerosols. Combining these results in this paper, we present a mechanism through which BC may play a prominent role in the intensity and longevity of Beijing’s pollution episodes.
Measurement report: Comparison of wintertime individual particles at ground level and above the mixed layer in urban Beijing
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Shao Longyi , Mazzoleni Claudio , Li Yaowei , Kotthaus Simone , Grimmond Sue , Bhandari Janarjan , Xing Jiaoping , Feng Xiaolei , Zhang Mengyuan , Shi Zongbo
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Beijing has been suffering from frequent severe air pollution events, with
concentrations affected significantly by the mixed-layer height. Major
efforts have been made to study the physico-chemical properties,
compositions, and sources of aerosol particles at ground level. However,
little is known about the morphology, elemental composition, and mixing
state of aerosol particles above the mixed layer. In this work, we collected
individual aerosol particles simultaneously at ground level (2 m above
ground) and above the mixed layer in urban Beijing (within the Atmospheric
Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity, APHH-Beijing, 2016 winter
campaign). The particles were analyzed offline by transmission electron
microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results
showed that the relative number contribution of mineral particles to all
measured particles was much higher during non-haze periods (42.5 %) than
haze periods (18.1 %); in contrast, internally mixed particles
contributed more during haze periods (21.9 %) than non-haze periods
(7.2 %) at ground level. In addition, more mineral particles were found at
ground level than above the mixed-layer height. Around 20 % of individual
particles showed core–shell structures during haze periods, whereas only a
few core–shell particles were observed during non-haze periods (2 %). The
results showed that the particles above the mixed layer were more aged, with
a larger proportion of organic particles originating from coal combustion.
Our results indicate that a large fraction of the airborne particles above
the mixed layer come from surrounding areas influenced by coal combustion
activities. This source contributes to the surface particle concentrations
in Beijing when polluted air is mixed down to the ground level.
Identification of atmospheric and oceanic teleconnection patterns in a 20-year global data set of the atmospheric water vapour column measured from satellites in the visible spectral range
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Beirle Steffen , Dörner Steffen , Borger Christian , Van Malderen Roeland
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We used a global long-term (1995–2015) data set of total column
water vapour (TCWV) derived from satellite observations to quantify to which
extent the temporal patterns of various teleconnections can be identified in
this data set. To our knowledge, such a comprehensive global TCWV data set
was rarely used for teleconnection studies. One important property of the
TCWV data set is that it is purely based on observational data. We developed
a new empirical method to decide whether a teleconnection index is
significantly detected in the global data set. We compared our new method to
well-established hypothesis tests and found good agreement with the results
of our approach. Based on our empirical method more than 40 teleconnection
indices were significantly detected in the global TCWV data set derived from
satellite observations. In addition to the satellite data we also applied
our method to other global data sets derived from ERA-Interim. One important
finding is that the spatial patterns obtained for the ERA TCWV data are very
similar to the observational TCWV data set indicating a high consistency
between the satellite and ERA data. Moreover, similar results are also found
for two selections of ERA data (either all data or mainly clear-sky data).
This finding indicates that the clear-sky bias of the satellite data set is
negligible for the results of this study. However, for some indices, also
systematic differences in the spatial patterns between the satellite and
model data set were found probably indicating possible shortcomings in the
model data. For most “traditional” teleconnection data sets (surface
temperature, surface pressure, geopotential heights and meridional winds at
different altitudes) a smaller number of significant teleconnection indices
was found than for the TCWV data sets, while for zonal winds at different
altitudes, the number of significant teleconnection indices (up to
> 50) was higher. The strongest teleconnection signals were found
in the data sets of tropospheric geopotential heights and surface pressure.
In all global data sets, no “other indices” (solar variability,
stratospheric AOD or hurricane frequency) were significantly detected. Since
many teleconnection indices are strongly correlated, we also applied our
method to a set of orthogonalised indices, which represent the dominant
independent temporal teleconnection patterns. The number of significantly
detected orthogonalised indices (20) was found to be much smaller than for
the original indices (42). Based on the orthogonalised indices we derived
the global spatial distribution of the cumulative effect of teleconnections.
The strongest effect on the TCWV is found in the tropics and high latitudes.
Reanalysis intercomparison of potential vorticity and potential-vorticity-based diagnostics
Authors: Millán Luis F. , Manney Gloria L. , Lawrence Zachary D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Global reanalyses from data assimilation systems are among the most widely used datasets in weather and climate studies, and potential vorticity (PV) from reanalyses is invaluable for many studies of dynamical and transport processes. We assess how consistently modern reanalyses represent potential vorticity (PV) among each other, focusing not only on PV but also on process-oriented dynamical diagnostics including equivalent latitude calculated from PV and PV-based tropopause and stratospheric polar vortex characterization. In particular we assess the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis/Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSR/CFSv2) reanalysis, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis, the Japanese Meteorological Agency's 55-year (JRA-55) reanalysis, and the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Overall, PV from all reanalyses agrees well with the reanalysis ensemble mean, providing some confidence that all of these recent reanalyses are suitable for most studies using PV-based diagnostics. Specific diagnostics where some larger differences are seen include PV-based tropopause locations in regions that have strong tropopause gradients (such as around the subtropical jets) or are sparse in high-resolution data (such as over Antarctica), and the stratospheric polar vortices during fall vortex formation and (especially) spring vortex breakup; studies of sensitive situations or regions such as these should examine PV from multiple reanalyses.
Long-term variation in aerosol lidar ratio in Shanghai based on Raman lidar measurements
Authors: Liu Tongqiang , He Qianshan , Chen Yonghang , Liu Jie , Liu Qiong , Gao Wei , Huang Guan , Shi Wenhao , Yu Xiaohong
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Accurate lidar ratio (LR) and better understanding of its
variation characteristics can not only improve the retrieval accuracy of
parameters from elastic lidar, but also play an important role in assessing
the impacts of aerosols on climate. Using the observational data of a Raman
lidar in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019, LRs at 355 nm were retrieved and their
variations and influence factors were analyzed. Within the height range of
0.5–5 km, about 90 % of the LRs were distributed in 10–80 sr with
an average value of 41.0 ± 22.5 sr, and the LR decreased with the
increase in height. The volume depolarization ratio (δ) was
positively correlated with LR, and it also decreased with the increase in
height, indicating that the vertical distribution of particle shape was one of
the influence factors of the variations in LR with height. LR had a strong
dependence on the original source of air masses. Affected by the aerosols
transported from the northwest, the average LR was the largest,
44.2 ± 24.7 sr, accompanied by the most irregular particle shape. The vertical
distribution of LR was affected by atmospheric turbidity, with the greater
gradient of LR under clean conditions. The LR above 1 km could be more than
80 sr, when Shanghai was affected by biomass burning aerosols.
Radiative transfer acceleration based on the principal component analysis and lookup table of corrections: optimization and application to UV ozone profile retrievals
Authors: Bak Juseon , Liu Xiong , Spurr Robert , Yang Kai , Nowlan Caroline R. , Miller Christopher Chan , Abad Gonzalo Gonzalez , Chance Kelly
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this work, we apply a principal component analysis (PCA)-based approach
combined with lookup tables (LUTs) of corrections to accelerate the Vector Linearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (VLIDORT) model used in the retrieval of ozone profiles from
backscattered ultraviolet (UV) measurements by the Ozone Monitoring
Instrument (OMI). The spectral binning scheme, which determines the accuracy
and efficiency of the PCA-RT performance, is thoroughly optimized over the
spectral range 265 to 360 nm with the assumption of a Rayleigh-scattering
atmosphere above a Lambertian surface. The high level of accuracy
(∼ 0.03 %) is achieved from fast-PCA calculations of full
radiances. In this approach, computationally expensive full multiple
scattering (MS) calculations are limited to a small set of PCA-derived
optical states, while fast single scattering and two-stream MS calculations
are performed, for every spectral point. The number of calls to the full MS
model is only 51 in the application to OMI ozone profile retrievals with the
fitting window of 270–330 nm where the RT model should be called at fine
intervals (∼ 0.03 nm with ∼ 2000 wavelengths) to
simulate OMI measurements (spectral resolution: 0.4–0.6 nm). LUT corrections are implemented to accelerate the online RT model due to the reduction of the number of streams (discrete ordinates) from 8 to 4, while improving the
accuracy at the level attainable from simulations using a vector model with
12 streams and 72 layers. Overall, we speed up our OMI retrieval by a factor
of 3.3 over the previous version, which has already been significantly sped
up over line-by-line calculations due to various RT approximations. Improved
treatments for RT approximation errors using LUT corrections improve
spectral fitting (2 %–5 %) and hence retrieval errors, especially for
tropospheric ozone by up to ∼ 10 %; the remaining errors due
to the forward model errors are within 5 % in the troposphere and 3 %
in the stratosphere.
The effect of low-level thin arctic clouds on shortwave irradiance: evaluation of estimates from spaceborne passive imagery with aircraft observations
Authors: Chen Hong , Schmidt Sebastian , King Michael D. , Wind Galina , Bucholtz Anthony , Reid Elizabeth A. , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Smith William L. , Taylor Patrick C. , Kato Seiji , Pilewskie Peter
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Cloud optical properties such as optical thickness along with surface albedo are important inputs for deriving the shortwave radiative effects of
clouds from spaceborne remote sensing. Owing to insufficient knowledge about the snow or ice surface in the Arctic, cloud detection and the retrieval
products derived from passive remote sensing, such as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), are difficult to obtain with
adequate accuracy – especially for low-level thin clouds, which are ubiquitous in the Arctic. This study aims at evaluating the spectral and
broadband irradiance calculated from MODIS-derived cloud properties in the Arctic using aircraft measurements collected during the Arctic
Radiation-IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE), specifically using the upwelling and downwelling shortwave spectral and broadband irradiance
measured by the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and the BroadBand Radiometer system (BBR). This starts with the derivation of surface albedo
from SSFR and BBR, accounting for the heterogeneous surface in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) with aircraft camera imagery, followed by subsequent
intercomparisons of irradiance measurements and radiative transfer calculations in the presence of thin clouds. It ends with an attribution of any
biases we found to causes, based on the spectral dependence and the variations in the measured and calculated irradiance along the flight track. The spectral surface albedo derived from the airborne radiometers is consistent with prior ground-based and airborne measurements and adequately
represents the surface variability for the study region and time period. Somewhat surprisingly, the primary error in MODIS-derived irradiance fields
for this study stems from undetected clouds, rather than from the retrieved cloud properties. In our case study, about 27 % of clouds remained
undetected, which is attributable to clouds with an optical thickness of less than 0.5. We conclude that passive imagery has the potential to accurately predict shortwave irradiances in the region if the detection of thin clouds is
improved. Of at least equal importance, however, is the need for an operational imagery-based surface albedo product for the polar regions that
adequately captures its temporal, spatial, and spectral variability to estimate cloud radiative effects from spaceborne remote sensing.
Obscuring representation: contemporary art biennials in Dakar and Taipei
Authors: Ren Julie
Published: April 2021

Abstract. There has been a proliferation of contemporary art biennials in
the past 20 years, especially in cities outside of North America and
Europe. What biennials represent to their host cities and what is
represented at these events reveal a great deal about the significance of
this proliferation. The biennial platform entails formalistic notions of
representation with regards to place branding or the selection of artists
as emissaries of countries where they were been born, reside, or to which
they have some kind of affinity. This notion of representation is obscured
considering the instability of center and periphery, artists' biographies,
practices, and references. In contradistinction to the colonial world fair,
the biennial thwarts the notion or possibility of “authentic”
representation. The analysis incorporates works shown at the 2018 biennials
in Dakar and Taipei, interviews with artists, curators, and stakeholders, and materials collected during fieldwork in both cities.
Alles eine Frage der Logik?! Erkenntnisse einer Mixed-Method-Studie zur Pkw-Nutzung in Berlin
Authors: Gebhardt Laura , Oostendorp Rebekka
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This paper is an empirical mixed-method study on car use in an urban context. It explores the questions: What mobility practices do people in the city display? What role does car use play in this context? What is the guiding, underlying logic behind personal car use? The findings help to understand mobility practices and their underlying logic. The central component is a user typology based on a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. The study aims to present an empirical description of mobility practices and the guiding logic of different mobility types in Berlin. The findings offer starting points for user-specific measures to encourage people to use new mobility concepts instead of their personal car.
Advanced sensitivity analysis of the impact of the temporal
distribution and intensity in a rainfall event on hydrograph
parameters in urban catchments: a case study
Authors: Fatone Francesco , Szelag Bartosz , Kiczko Adam , Majerek Darek , Majewska Monika , Drewnowski Jakub , Łagód Grzegorz
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of the variability of the hydrograph of outflow from urban catchments is highly important for measurements and evaluation of the operation of sewer networks. Currently, hydrodynamic models are most frequently used for hydrograph modeling. Since a large number of their parameters have to be identified, there may be problems at the calibration stage. Hence, the sensitivity analysis is used to limit the number of parameters. However, the current sensitivity analysis methods ignore the effect of the temporal distribution and intensity of precipitation in a rainfall event on the catchment outflow hydrograph. The article presents the methodology of construction of a simulator of catchment outflow hydrograph parameters (volume, maximum flow). For this purpose, uncertainty analysis results obtained with the use of the GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) method were used. An innovative sensitivity coefficient has been proposed to study the impact of the variability of hydrodynamic model parameters depending on rainfall distribution, rainfall genesis (in the Chomicz scale), and uncertainty of estimated simulator coefficients on the parameters of the outflow hydrograph. The results indicated a considerable influence of rainfall distribution and intensity on the sensitivity factors. The greater the intensity and temporal distribution of rainfall, the lower the impact of the identified hydrodynamic model parameters on the hydrograph parameters. Additionally, the calculations confirmed the significant impact of the uncertainty of the estimated coefficient in the simulator on the sensitivity coefficients, which has a significant effect on the interpretation of the relationships obtained. The approach presented in the study can be widely applied at the model calibration stage and for appropriate selection of hydrographs for identification and validation of model parameters.
Prospective evaluation of pin site infections in 39 patients treated with external ring fixation
Authors: Bue Mats , Bjarnason Arnar Óskar , Rölfing Jan Duedal , Larsen Karina , Petruskevicius Juozas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Introduction: Pin site infection is a common complication to external ring fixation. While the aetiology is well described, monitoring of onset, location, and the distribution of infection among the pin sites still needs further attention. The present pilot study evaluates the feasibility of a prospective registration procedure for reporting, evaluating, and monitoring of pin site infections in patients treated with external ring fixation. This may promote communication between team members and assist decision-making regarding treatment. Methods: A total of 39 trauma, limb deformity, and bone infection patients (15 female, 24 males; mean age 49 years (range: 12–88)) treated with external ring fixation were followed in the outpatient clinic using the pin site registration tool. Pin site infection (Checketts and Otterburn (CO) grade, onset, location), use of oral or intravenous antibiotics, and any unplanned procedures due to pin sites complications (wire removal and/or replacement, premature frame removal, amputation, etc.) were registered until frame removal. Results: The mean (SD) frame time was 164 (83) d (range: 44–499). We performed 3296 observations of 568 pin sites. Pin infection was registered in 171 of the 568 pin sites (30 %), of which 112 (65 %) were categorized as CO 1, 42 (25 %) as CO 2, 9 (5 %) as CO 3, and 8 (5 %) as CO 5. Neither CO 4 nor CO 6 was observed. A total of 35 patients (90 %) encountered CO 1–3 at least once during the observation time, while 1 patient (2.5 %) developed a major infection at eight pin sites (CO 5). Antibiotics were administered to 22/39 (56 %) of the patients. Conclusion: In an effort to monitor pin site infections in this complex patient group and to ensure the best clinical outcomes, our registration procedure in the outpatient clinic helped to recognize pin site infections early and eased communication between team members providing a concise overview of the treatment course.
Review article: Research on coupled vibration of multi-engine multi-gearbox marine gearing
Authors: Gong Jingyi , Liu Geng , Liu Lan , Yang Long
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The type and working principle of multi-engine multi-gearbox
gearing are introduced. The global dynamic modeling method, based on the
generalized finite element theory, and the layered dynamic modeling method,
based on the idea of whole first and then partial are proposed, and the
dynamic models of three operation modes in the four engines with two shafts are established. The effects of coupling, rotation speed, configuration and
power loss on the dynamic response of the system are studied by using the
dynamic model. The research results show that the coupling vibration of
multi-engine multi-gearbox gearing is obvious at low speed, and the coupling vibration weakens with the increase in speed. Reducing the coupling stiffness can weaken the coupling vibration of the system. The symmetrical structure of the transmission system has the same dynamic response at the symmetrical position. Meshing friction has little effect on the dynamic response of the system. The more power flowing through the cross-connect gearbox, the greater the system power loss. This research provides theoretical support for the low-vibration design of multi-engine
multi-gearbox marine gearing and has a positive significance for understanding the coupled vibration characteristics of complex gear systems.
Snow conditions in northern Europe: the dynamics of interannual variability versus projected long-term change
Authors: Räisänen Jouni
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Simulations by the EURO-CORDEX (European branch of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) regional climate models
indicate a widespread future decrease in snow water equivalent (SWE) in
northern Europe. This concurs with the negative interannual correlation
between SWE and winter temperature in the southern parts of the domain but
not with the positive correlation observed further north and over the
Scandinavian mountains. To better understand these similarities and
differences, interannual variations and projected future changes in SWE are
attributed to anomalies or changes in three factors: total precipitation, the
snowfall fraction of precipitation and the fraction of accumulated snowfall
that remains on the ground (the snow-on-ground fraction). In areas with relatively
mild winter climate, the latter two terms govern both the long-term change
and interannual variability, resulting in less snow with higher
temperatures. In colder areas, however, interannual SWE variability is
dominated by variations in total precipitation. Since total precipitation is
positively correlated with temperature, more snow tends to accumulate in
milder winters. Still, even in these areas, SWE is projected to decrease in
the future due to the reduced snowfall and snow-on-ground fractions in response
to higher temperatures. Although winter total precipitation is projected to
increase, its increase is smaller than would be expected from the
interannual covariation of temperature and precipitation and is therefore
insufficient to compensate the lower snowfall and snow-on-ground fractions.
Furthermore, interannual SWE variability in northern Europe in the simulated
warmer future climate is increasingly governed by variations in the snowfall
and snow-on-ground fractions and less by variations in total precipitation.
Proglacial Lakes Elevate Glacier Surface Velocities in the Himalayan Region
Authors: Pronk Jan Bouke , Bolch Tobias , King Owen , Wouters Bert , Benn Douglas I.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Meltwater from Himalayan glaciers sustains the flow of rivers such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra on which over half a billion people depend for day-to-day needs. Upstream areas are likely to be affected substantially by climate change, and changes in the magnitude and timing of meltwater supply are likely to occur in coming decades. About 10 % of the Himalayan glacier population terminates into pro-glacial lakes and such lake-terminating glaciers are known to exhibit higher than average total mass losses. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms driving exacerbated ice loss from lake-terminating glaciers in the Himalaya. Here we examine a composite (2017–2019) glacier surface velocity dataset, derived from Sentinel 2 imagery, covering Central and Eastern Himalayan glaciers larger than 3 km2. We find that centre flow line velocities of lake-terminating glaciers are more than double those of land-terminating glaciers (18.8 vs 8.24 m yr−1) and show substantially more heterogeneity around glacier termini. We attribute this large heterogeneity to the varying influence of lakes on glacier dynamics, resulting in differential rates of dynamic thinning, which effects about half of the clean-ice lake-terminating glacier population. Numerical ice-flow model experiments show that changes at the frontal boundary condition are likely to play a key role in accelerating the glacier flow at the front, with variations in basal friction only being of modest importance. The expansion of current glacial lakes, and the formation of new meltwater bodies will influence the dynamics of an increasing number of Himalayan glaciers in the future; a scenario not currently considered in regional ice loss projections.
Hatay İlinde Tüketicilerin Süt ve Süt Ürünleri Satın Alma Davranışları ve Tüketici Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörler: İskenderun İlçesi Örneği
Authors: TAPKI Nuran , TAPKI İbrahim , DAĞISTAN Erdal , SAPMAZ Kübra
Published: April 2021

﻿Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hatay İli İskenderun ilçesindeki tüketicilerin süt ve süt ürünleri satın alma davranışlarını ve tüketici tercihlerini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Araştırmada 2020 yılında İskenderun ilçesinde tüketicilerle yapılan anketler çalışmanın ana materyalini oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada, tüketicilerin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim ve aylık gelir düzeyi ile süt ve süt ürünleri satın alma tercihleri ortaya konmuştur. Verilerin analizinde ki-kare istatistiki testi kullanılmıştır. Tüketicilerin %62’si açık süt, %12’si pastörize süt ve %26’sı da paket (UHT) süt tercih etmektedir. Tüketicilerde eğitim düzeyi arttıkça süt ve süt ürünlerini market ve süpermarketlerden satın alma eğilimi artmaktadır. Tüketicilerin süt ve süt ürünleri tercihinde, hijyen, sütün sağlıklı olması, sütün fiyatı, son tüketim tarihi ve doktor tavsiyeleri etkili olmuştur. Tüketiciler süt ve süt ürünleri satın alırken, marka tercihinde kalitenin çok etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, süt ve süt ürünlerinin insan sağlığına olan katkısını artırmak için süt ve süt ürünleri üretiminde tüketici tercihlerinin dikkate alınması ve buna uygun politikaların geliştirilmesinin yararlı olacağını ortaya koymuştur.
Self-care treatment on patients with wakefulness bruxism
Authors: Bastos Tainara , Pinto Rafael , Dias Isabela , Leite Isabel , Leite Fabiola
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate self-care efficacy on reduction of pain and wakefulness bruxism before the treatment with the stabilization splint. Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two groups: 30 belonging to the group that received the self-care guide (G1) and 30 belonging to the control group (G2) who were advised to wait for the beginning of the treatment with the stabilization splint. G1 received a self-care guide for immediate application before any intervention for bruxism treatment. The instructions were given as tips to follow every day for 1 month. Before being given to the patient, the guide was read aloud and clearly by the researcher and clarifying any patients doubts or questions. To evaluate the evolution of each group, the evaluation of physical symptoms occurred at 2 times (M1 and M2). G1 the efficacy of the self-care guide was tested through patient's report of pain sensation before and after the use of the guide. The control group (G2) was evaluated at M1 and M2, in order to obtain a parameter of pain evaluation in patients not previously subjected to the treatment. Results: The Self-care group presented statistical significance in relation to the group that did not receive self-care. Conclusion: According to the results obtained it can be verified that the patient's awareness about this problem and the application of a conservative therapy based on self-care was effective reducing the pain level of patients with wakefulness bruxism.
Estrategias de aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios como predictores de su rendimiento académico
Authors: Vásquez Córdova Alejandro Sebastián
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN. Diversos investigadores han demostrado la existencia de una relación entre las estrategias de aprendizaje que utilizan los estudiantes y su rendimiento académico. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que ha tenido como objetivo identificar variables predictoras del rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios en el ámbito de las estrategias de aprendizaje. MÉTODO. Se ha utilizado el test MSLQ (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) de Pintrich, Smith, García y McKeachie (1991) para identificar las estrategias de aprendizaje utilizadas por un grupo de estudiantes universitarios y examinar mediante un modelo de regresión múltiple su capacidad de predecir el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. RESULTADOS. Se ha obtenido un modelo de regresión lineal que ha identificado estrategias de aprendizaje utilizadas por los estudiantes que actúan como predictores de su rendimiento académico (R2 ajustado=.30). Las principales estrategias de aprendizaje que poseen carácter predictivo para el rendimiento académico pertenecen a las áreas de manejo del tiempo y el ambiente de estudio, regulación del esfuerzo y estrategias de elaboración. DISCUSIÓN. El estudio ha obtenido evidencia empírica acerca del carácter predictivo que las estrategias de aprendizaje tienen respecto del rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios. Estos resultados confirman los antecedentes existentes sobre la influencia de las estrategias de aprendizaje sobre el rendimiento académico. El estudio además entrega evidencia sobre la utilidad del test MSLQ de Pintrich et al. (1991) para el estudio de la relación entre estrategias de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. En síntesis, las estrategias de aprendizaje que utilizan los estudiantes universitarios son predictores de su rendimiento académico, resultado que debería ser utilizado por las autoridades universitarias para orientar el diseño de políticas y estrategias educativas para el logro de mejores aprendizajes.
Resiliencia y expectativas de búsqueda de empleo en mujeres rurales desempleadas
Authors: Ordóñez Jiménez Mª Auxiliadora , Ballesteros Moscosio Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2021

Pocos estudios han examinado la resiliencia como una variable que pueda proporcionar una mayor comprensión al proceso de reinserción laboral, tanto más cuando estas personas se encuentran en situación de desempleo prolongado, con baja cualificación y/o con cargas familiares, en cuyo caso, presentan mayor dificultad de acceso al empleo. La pérdida del puesto de trabajo provoca en quiénes la viven, una mayor desmotivación, afectando negativamente tanto a su autoestima y como a sus perspectivas laborales. No obstante, la educación para la resiliencia desde el desarrollo emocional supone un constructo clave para ayudar a las personas a hacer frente a dificultades que puedan surgir durante los procesos de búsqueda de empleo y mejorar sus expectativas profesionales. Este trabajo pretende conocer el nivel de resiliencia y las expectativas de búsqueda de empleo en un total de 100 mujeres desempleadas de la comarca del Bajo Guadalquivir (Sevilla), teniendo en cuenta su nivel de estudios y el tiempo en situación de desempleo, para lo cual aplicamos las escalas de Resiliencia (CD-RISC) de Connor y Davidson (2003) y de Expectativas de control percibido de búsqueda de empleo (ECPBE) de Piqueras et al. (2016),  realizando un análisis relacional entre las distintas variables estudiadas teniendo una variable como factor, y en segundo lugar, una prueba de contraste no paramétrico. Como principales resultados, encontramos diferencias en la puntuación de los diversos factores que conforman cada una de las escalas, en función del tiempo en desempleo y el nivel de estudios de la muestra, sin embargo, no hemos encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la valoración global de la resiliencia del sujeto y de sus expectativas en función de las variables mencionadas.
Evolución del profesorado de apoyo hacia la educación inclusiva: una perspectiva legislativa autonómica en España
Authors: Pérez-Gutiérrez Raquel , Casado-Muñoz Raquel , Rodríguez-Conde María-José
Published: April 2021

En materia de inclusión, la legislación educativa española en época democrática ha caminado desde los años 90 hacia la atención real de los derechos de todos los ciudadanos, intentando responder a los principios emanados de acuerdos internacionales: desde la Declaración de Salamanca sobre Necesidades Educativas Especiales de 1994 hasta la Convención de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, en 2006. Entre los recursos personales que marca la normativa se encuentra la figura del profesorado de apoyo (Pedagogía Terapéutica y Audición y Lenguaje), cuya labor es primordial en la consolidación de las escuelas inclusivas. Este artículo pretende analizar la evolución que ha experimentado el perfil profesional del profesorado de apoyo en España a través de la normativa estatal y de las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas, y recoger evidencias de tipo normativo acerca de si esa evolución responde a la aplicación empírica de un “modelo educativo inclusivo”. Se ha utilizado el análisis de contenido como método analítico, realizando un estudio descriptivo de las funciones de estos profesionales contempladas en 62 documentos de diferente rango jurídico, publicados en el periodo 1998-2019. Se ha constatado que prevalecen las funciones recogidas en la primera norma estatal de la década de los ochenta. Existen algunos avances en las normas más recientes abogando por intervenciones educativas en contextos naturales de aprendizaje y reduciendo los apoyos al alumnado en entornos controlados. La co-enseñanza entre diferentes agentes educativos comienza a ser considerada como un elemento significativo de la inclusión en los centros educativos. Se aportan propuestas de mejora en la adaptación del papel del profesorado de apoyo en escuelas inclusivas.
The Effect of Ownership Structure and Audit Quality on Firm Performance
Authors: Angsoyiri Dramani
Published: April 2021

The study examined the effect of ownership structure and audit quality on firm performance of listed companies in Ghana. The research employed a quantitative research approach; secondary data was extracted from various annual reports and financial statements of the selected companies. The target population was all 42 listed companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange. The sample size was 20 companies selected from all industries. The study period was 2013-2018 resulted in 160 firm-yearly empirical observations. The study used return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as the performance measure. Ownership structure was measured using managerial ownership and institutional ownership, audit quality was also measured with the auditor’s reputation, audit committee size and audit committee independence. The control variables used were board size and firm size. The researcher found a weak positive correlation between institutional and managerial ownership and firm performance. Moreover, there was a   positive effect of audit quality on firm performance. It implies that the engagement of the services of the Big 4 audit firms has an incremental effect on firm performance. Audit committee size posited a positive effect on firm performance whereas audit committee independence was seen to harm firm performance. Similarly, board independence showed a positive effect on ROE and a negative effect on ROA. Board size, however, indicated a positive effect on firm performance. The researcher recommended the pressing need of diversifying shareholdings in firms as a sweetener to attract more skills and expertise among shareholders that can be tapped to enhance the performance of firms. However, managers should be protected from unnecessary shareholding meddling.
Potential for the Application of the Emerging Market Z-score Model in the Case of Listed Banks in Ghana
Authors: Angsoyiri Dramani , Ativor Anthoinette
Published: April 2021

The primary goal of the research is how to put into operation the emerging market (EM) Z-score model in predicting corporate failure and to evaluate financial performance through the analysis of the annual audited report of four quoted banks in Ghana. More so this research introduces the Z-score model in this sector as a tool for possible diagnostic behind financial performance and deterioration. The method used in this research is primarily based on the EM Z-score model developed by Altman. The approach used in this research is in line with previous research that upholds the Z-score model with 80 percent prediction accuracy. These previous researchers confirm that it is a robust instrument that helps in predicting and assessing the overall performance of companies financially and possible distress of corporate organizations given that it consists of numerous ratios financially which can be utilized to predict business liquidation, financial distress, and corporate failure. The method set up in this research is to study the annual report of banks quoted on the Ghana Stock Market by computing their Altman emerging market Z-score ratio for three years that is from 2016 to 2019 and comparing it with 2019 which is the current year emerging market Z-score ratio to evaluate the whole performance of the banks financially as well as the possibility of liquidation of banks quoted on the Ghana Stock Market. The research establishes that banks in Ghana should work hard on enhancing the Z-score ratios which are dragging the emerging market Z-score down to better comprehend the earlier period performance and to realize their current situation in the sector; the Z-score can be adopted by banks in Ghana as an effective and efficient assessment approach towards the financing the possible long joint venture projects encompassing Small and Medium businesses enterprises. This model was adopted by banks in Ghana as an autonomous credit hazard examination approach to appraising the financial strength and competencies of potential projects. It was ascertained from this research that the Altman emerging market Z-score ratio model is an applicable model for measuring the performance of quoted banks in Ghana. Limitation including the Ghanaian banking sector is still considered to be a small size that may have negative consequences on the maximum result of the research. Future research should be conducted towards updating coefficient value associated with every ratio in the Altman emerging market Z-score ratio model as per the inputs from the banks in Ghana