bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TYPES OF NICKNAMES, THEIR PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS UND FEAATURES
Authors: Ablova Natalia
Published: December 2019

Today, in the era of multiple names, there is a large number of terms for the informal nomination of a person. But despite the large number of linguistic works devoted to their research, there is no systematic understanding of all types of informal nominations of the person, their functions and features. Therefore, the article attempts to classify them and identify their pragmatic functions and lexico-semantic features. To this end, the sites of news portals, blogs, microblogs, entertainment forums were viewed, which presented the authentic use of nicknames by representatives of the German national cultural community.
LIFE STRATEGIES OF TEENAGERS PRONE TO INTERNET ADDICTION. RESOURCE OF THE «REAL WORLD» PROGRAM
Authors: Veselkova Elena , Yustus Svetlana
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the basic concepts of propensity for Internet addiction, life strategies, orientations in difficult life situations of teenagers. Psychological characteristics, inclined to the dependent behavior are described. This presents the results of an empirical study that revealed significant differences between psychological characteristics of teenagers, dependent and independent on the Internet, in accordance with the concept of typical life strategies of teenagers. In this pilot study, an attempt to identify ways of building the interaction between the world of reality and the virtuality of a teenager, and appropriate recommendations for teachers and parents were made.
RELATION OF SSUGT STUDENTS TO THE ELECTIVE DISCIPLINE ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
Authors: Teplukhin Evgeny , Lymareva Natalia
Published: December 2019

This article discusses on the current topic of healthy lifestyle and sports among young people. The importance of granting the right to choose elective classes in physical education and sports, as well as the impact of physical activity on students' well-being, is described.
ASCHLUSS OF AUSTRIA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Akopyants Anait
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the events associated with the Anschluss of Austria (1938). Interest in this topic is due to the fact that the Anschluss was one of the key events that changed the balance of power in Europe in the mid-1930s in the direction of strengthening the expansionist policy of Germany, aimed at inciting the Second World War. The article describes the consequences of the Anschluss for Austria, Germany and, in general, for peace and security in Europe.
Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağı ile Birleştirilmiş AA7075 ve AZ31B Alaşımlarının Kaynak Kalitesi Üzerine Çalışma
Authors: Bilgin Musa , Karabulut Şener , Özdemir Ahmet
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada AZ31B magnezyum ve AA7075 alüminyum plakalar sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı yöntemi ile birleştirilmiş ve numunelerin kaynak kalitesi tahribatlı ve tahribatsız muayene yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Kaynatılmış numuneleri kıyaslamak için AA7075-AA7075, AZ31B-AZ31B ve AA7075-AZ31B plakalar, 500 dev/dak takım dönme hızı, 20 mm/dak takım ilerleme hızı ve 0,8 mm ilerleme tarafına takım ofseti ile 1°’lik takım açısı birleştirilmişlerdir. Hızlı soğuma sonucu oluşan termal çatlakları önlemek için kaynak hattına sıcak hava uygulaması yapılmıştır. Birleştirilen numunelerin kaynak kalitesi sıvı penetrant, radyografik inceleme ve çekme testi deneyleri ile araştırılmıştır. Test sonuçları kaynak kökü üzerinde başarılı bir birleştirmenin elde edildiğini ancak karıştırma bölgesinde tünel oluşumunun meydana geldiğini göstermiştir. Aynı özellikteki Al-Al ve Mg-Mg plakalarının SKK yöntemi ile birleştirilmesinde kabul edilebilir bir çekme dayanımı değeri elde edilirken farklı özellikteki Al ve Mg alaşımlarının birleştirilmesinde ise daha düşük çekme dayanımı oluştuğu görülmüştür.
Gezgin Satıcı Problemi için Feromonal Yapay Arı Koloni (fYAK) Algoritması
Authors: Basköy Salim , Ekmekci Dursun , Altinkaya Huseyin , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Yapay arı koloni (YAK) ve karınca koloni optimizasyonu (KKO), farklı türden birçok optimizasyon problemine başarıyla uygulanmış ve geçerli çözümler üretebilmiş algoritmalardır. YAK, kâşif arıların rassal arama faaliyetiyle başarılı bir keşif yeteneğine sahiptir. Ancak sömürü faaliyetine işçi arıların yanı sıra gözcü arılar da katılsa da yerel aramada yetersizdir. KKO ise başarılı bir sömürü yeteneğine rağmen, arama bölgelerini yeterince tarayamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada KKO'nun feromon bileşeni YAK'a entegre edilerek geliştirilen feromonal YAK (fYAK) algoritması tanıtılmış ve gezgin satıcı problemi (GSP) çözümündeki performansı tartışılmıştır.
Experimental Investigation of Flow Structures Around side-by-side Yawed Cylinders in Shallow Water
Authors: Kütük Ebubekir , Olmuş Umutcan , Durhasan Tahir , Akıllı Hüseyin
Published: December 2019

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the flow behaviour around two equally yawed side-by-side cylinders in shallow water. Time averaged velocity vector fields, Reynolds shear stress distrubutions and streamline patterns were obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. The gap ratio between the cylinders were in the range of G/D=0.25-1.25 with an increment of 0.25 where G is the distance between the cylinders and D is the cylinder diameter. Five different yaw angles of cylinders were employed during the experiment. The results showed that the yaw angle, α had an important effect on the flow structures of the downstream of the cylinders. Reynolds shear stress and vortex structures were decreased, the intensity of the jet like flow were significantly attenuated for the gap ratios of G/D=0.25, 0.50 and 0.75.
Investingating the Effect of Signal Coordination on Delay Time: Case Study Mazer-e-Sharif, Afghanistan
Authors: Aslan Hakan , Ahadi Suhrab
Published: December 2019

In this study; delay times and queue length parameters were analysed for the new structure obtained by revising the current geometric situation and signalling system at two intersections in an important city of Afghanistan, Mezar-i-Sheriff, using two different VISSIM and SIDRA softwares. In addition to present and improved geometry scenarios, the traffic characteristics of the current and future cases to improve the service level of the network by reducing delay time and queue lengths through signal coordination were also investigated. According to the analytical findings of the study, it was found that if the coordination is carried out between the first and the second intersection of Marmul Street before the improved geometric design, the total vehicle delays for the system decreased by up to 3.36 percent. After improving the geometric design, total vehicle delays for the system decreased by up to 8.85 percent. When the current and the improved situation are compared, it was seen that, in the improved case, the delays in the total vehicle delays for the pre-coordination and after coordination system (network) decreased 51.78 and 54.51 percent, respectively.
Trafik Güvenliği Açısından Genç Sürücü Parametrelerinin Analizi
Authors: Aslan Hakan , Gözükızıl Gökçe , Kuyumcu Zeliha Çağla
Published: December 2019

Genç sürücülerin, gerek sosyal gerekse de ekonomik hayata etkileri yadsınamaz olan trafik kazalarına karışma sebepleri ve bu kazaların arkasında bulunan ana faktörlerin belirlenmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 18-25 yaş aralığındaki genç sürücülerin karşılaştıkları kazalar ulusal ölçekte analiz edilmiş ve uluslararası ortak parametreler üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Mevcut verilerin geniş kapsamlı içeriğini; anlamlı, kullanışlı ve daha önceden bilinmeyen faydalı bilgi haline getirmek için Veri Madenciliği Yöntemleri kullanılarak detaylı bir analiz yapılmış olup, bu anlamda WEKA yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Birliktelik Kuralları ve diğer ilgili parametreler ışığında, kazaların meydana gelmesinde rol oynayan karşılıklı faktörsel etkilerin değerlendirilmesi ile, kaza sayılarının azaltılmasına dönük sosyal, stratejik, işletimsel ve eğitim içerikli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Farklı Sıcaklıkların SIFCON Betonunun Mekanik özeliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Aydın Ferhat
Published: December 2019

Çimento, silis dumanı, kuvars kumu ile birlikte çok miktarda çelik liflerin bulunduğu, yüksek eğilme dayanımı, süneklik ve tokluk özeliklerine sahip SIFCON betonlar yeni nesil yapı malzemelerindendir. SIFCON bu özeliklerinden dolayı askeri yapılar ve sığınaklar gibi yüksek enerji yutma kapasitesine sahip yapılarda kullanılmasından dolayı yangın ve patlama gibi sebeplerden dolayı yüksek sıcaklığa maruz kalabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada SIFCON betonların yüksek ve düşük ısılarda basınç ve eğilme davranışları incelenmiştir. Hacimce çelik lif oranı %24 olan 10 adet küp (100x100x100 mm) ve 10 adet kiriş (74x74x500 mm) SIFCON numuneleri üretilmiştir. Gerekli kür işlemleri yapıldıktan sonra -35, +22, +100, +200, +300 ? derecelerdeki ısıların etkisinde eğilme ve basınç davranışları belirlenmiştir. Kiriş numunelerin yük-sehim grafikleri çizilerek eğilme dayanımı, kırılma tokluğu değerleri belirlenmiş ve küp numunelerinin ise basınç dayanımları karşılaştırılmıştır.
Magnezyum Alaşımının DLC Kesici Takımlarla Frezelenmesi
Authors: Ay Mustafa , Basmacı Gültekin , Etyemez Ayhan , Türk Mert
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada magnezyum alaşımı malzemenin DLC (elmas benzeri kaplama) frezeleme kesici takımlarla frezelenmesinde ilerleme, kesme hızı ve talaş derinliğinin yüzey bütünlüğüne ve kesme kuvvetlerine etkisi araştırılacaktır. Deney tasarımında Taguchi metodu kullanılacaktır. Bu metot ile deneylere harcanacak zaman ve maliyetten tasarruf edilmiş, deney sonuçlarında elde edilen veriler optimize edilerek iyileştirme gerçekleştirilecektir. Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişki matematiksel olarak regresyon analiz yöntemiyle modellenecektir. Her parametrenin elde edilen sonuçlar üzerindeki etkisi varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılarak belirlenecektir.
Havacılıkta Kullanılan Elektronik Podun Isıl Kontrolü
Authors: Kesercioğlu Muhammed Asım , Keles Abdullah Feyzi , Sözbir Nedim , Çay Yusuf
Published: December 2019

Pod, havacılıkta farklı görevler için kullanılmak üzere içerisinde çeşitli faydalı yükler bulunduran kutudur. Bu faydalı yükler elektronik ekipmanlardan oluşurken; navigasyon, keşif, hedefleme, arazi gözetleme, kızılötesi görüş gibi görevlerde kullanılmak üzere pod içerisine yerleştirilir. Pod; ön, orta ve arka olmak üzere üç ana bölümden oluşur.Podun içerisinde en önemli kısım ısıl kontrol sistemidir. Podun içerisinde bulunan elektronik ekipmanlar belirlenmiş özel sıcaklık değerleri arasında bulunmalıdır. Her elektronik cihazda olduğu gibi podun içerisindeki elektronik ekipmanlar da belli miktarda ısı yaymaktadır. Yayılan bu ısı bir soğutma sistemi ile alınmadığında elektronik ekipmanlara zarar vererek çalışma performanslarının düşmesine ya da tamamen çalışmamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu sebeple ısı yayan ekipmanların soğutulması gerekmektedir. Yapılan soğutma sonucunda da elektronik podun istenilen şartlarda çalışması sağlanmaktadır. Podun ısıl kontrolünün en verimli şekilde yapılabilmesi için ısıl kontrol sisteminin, podun orta kısmına yerleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ekipmanların ısıl kontrolü günümüzde; direk ram havası ile, buhar çevrimli soğutma sistemiyle veya bu ikisinin beraber çalıştığı hibrit sistem ile yapılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada havacılıkta kullanılan ve içerisindeki ekipmanların 5000 W ısı yaydığı elektronik podun soğutulması için hava çevrimini kullanarak çalışan bir soğutma sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Isıl kontrol için hava soğutmalı sistem kullanılmıştır. Sistem, çalışmak için herhangi bir elektrik gücü almaz, bunun yerine gereken enerji uçağın uçuşu esnasında ram girişinden alınan ram havasının tahrik etmesi ile sistem çalışır.
Hardware-In-The-Loop and Software-In-The-Loop Testing of the MOVE-II CubeSat
Authors: Kiesbye Jonis , Messmann David , Preisinger Maximilian , Reina Gonzalo , Nagy Daniel , Schummer Florian , Mostad Martin , Kale Tejas , Langer Martin
Published: December 2019

This article reports the ongoing work on an environment for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and software-in-the-loop (SIL) tests of CubeSats and the benefits gained from using such an environment for low-cost satellite development. The satellite tested for these reported efforts was the MOVE-II CubeSat, developed at the Technical University of Munich since April 2015. The HIL environment has supported the development and verification of MOVE-II’s flight software and continues to aid the MOVE-II mission after its launch on 3 December 2018. The HIL environment allows the satellite to interact with a simulated space environment in real-time during on-ground tests. Simulated models are used to replace the satellite’s sensors and actuators, providing the interaction between the satellite and the HIL simulation. This approach allows for high hardware coverage and requires relatively low development effort and equipment cost compared to other simulation approaches. One key distinction from other simulation environments is the inclusion of the electrical domain of the satellite, which enables accurate power budget verification. The presented results include the verification of MOVE-II’s attitude determination and control algorithms, the verification of the power budget, and the training of the operator team with realistic simulated failures prior to launch. This report additionally presents how the simulation environment was used to analyze issues detected after launch and to verify the performance of new software developed to address the in-flight anomalies prior to software deployment.
A Crop Simulation Model for Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter)
Authors: Paff Kirsten , Asseng Senthold
Published: November 2019

Tef is an Ethiopian staple grain that provides both food security and income for smallholders. As tef is nutritious and gluten free, it is also gaining popularity as a health food. A tef model was calibrated based on the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer’s (DSSAT) NWheat model and included parameter changes in phenology, photoperiod response, radiation use efficiency, and transpiration efficiency for both standard and elevated atmospheric CO2, based on published literature for tef and other C4 species. The new DSSAT-Tef model was compared with tef field experiments. DSSAT-Tef accurately simulated phenology and responded to changes in N supply and irrigation, but overestimated growth and occasionally yields. Simulation-observation comparisons resulted in an RMSE of 2.5 days for anthesis, 4.4 days for maturity, 2624 kg/ha (49.6%) for biomass, and 475 kg/ha (41.0%) for grain yield. Less data were available for N uptake, and the model simulated crop N uptake with an RMSE of 45 kg N/ha (46.2%) and 15 kg N/ha (37.3%) for grain N. While more data from contrasting environments are needed for further model testing, DSSAT-Tef can be used to assess the performance of crop management strategies, the suitability of tef for cultivation across growing environments, and food security.
The Effect of Early and Late Defoliation on Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Prokupac Variety Grape Berries (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Ćirković Dušica , Matijašević Saša , Deletić Nebojša , Ćirković Bratislav , Gašić Uroš , Sredojević Milica , Jovanović Zoran , Djurić Vladan , Tešić Živoslav
Published: December 2019

The influence of leaf area and various variants of manual defoliation on the phenolic profile of the Prokupac variety grape berry were investigated in the agroecological conditions of southern Serbia. The following four trial variants of manual defoliation were assessed: Early defoliation—variant I (flowering stage, 50% open flowers); early defoliation—variant II (grape size 3–5 mm); late defoliation—variant III (onset of grape ripening, veraison); and control (no defoliation). The first six leaves of each primary shoot were removed from all defoliated vines. The greatest assimilation area of primary and lateral shoots during the study was observed in the control, i.e., the trial variant with no defoliation. Defoliation significantly decreased the grape yield of the all three defoliated variants in regard to the control. The phenolic profile of the three variants and control was established by analyzing the grape seeds and skin. Based on the collected results for the Prokupac variety, significant differences between the trial variants were established regarding the content of phenols and total polyphenols, as well as radical scavenging activity. Defoliation variants showed a significant effect on the total phenols content of grape skin. In all defoliation variants, as well as in the control, high amounts of ellagic acid were measured. Resveratrol was identified only in grape skin samples of the control variant. The removal of leaves increased the concentration of phenolic compounds in variants where early defoliation was applied. The highest total anthocyanins content was found in 2015 in variant I, where leaves were removed during the full flowering stage.
Variability in Nutraceutical Lipid Content of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) Germplasms
Authors: Harakotr Bhornchai , Prompoh Kasidid , Boonyuen Supakorn , Suriharn Bhalang , Lertrat Kamol
Published: December 2019

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains many high-value nutritional compounds, including nutraceutical lipid compounds that offer health benefits. An understanding of the genetic variability in the lipid contents of different rice germplasms is necessary to support breeding programs. The goals of this study were: i) to investigate varietal differences in levels of the nutraceutical lipid α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, octacosanol, and squalene and ii) to identify clusters of rice germplasms based on their lipid contents. Eighty-three indica rice subspecies were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Research was conducted in Thailand during the 2016 rice-growing season. Significant differences were found among genotypes across all traits. The largest variation was found for β-sitosterol, followed by campesterol, octacosanol, and α-tocopherol. Variation in squalene content was small. Four principal components were found that accounted for 93.47% of overall variability. β-sitosterol, campesterol, and squalene were the principal discriminatory constituents. No significant correlation was found between color parameters and levels of these compounds, suggesting that former are of little use as an indirect marker for selection of fat-soluble nutraceuticals. Cluster analysis sorted the germplasm into nine clusters, based on their nutraceutical lipid content. TU-010, TU-027, TU-093, and TU-244 genotypes had the highest levels, making them a potentially useful genetic resource in breeding programs for nutraceutically-improved rice. The findings of this study can support the introduction of novel rice varieties with high added-value bioactive properties.
Mechanical Harvesting of Ornamental Citrus Trees in Valencia, Spain
Authors: Torregrosa Antonio , Molina José María , Pérez Montano , Ortí Enrique , Xamani Pilar , Ortiz Coral
Published: December 2019

Citrus trees are used as ornamental plants in several Spanish cities. They give a nice color to the streets and a nice scent in the flowering stage, but when the fruits fall, they dirty the roads and pavements, and can cause accidents; this is the reason why gardeners must detach and collect the fruits. This task is being done manually, but it is quite inefficient and expensive. In this study, three types of machines have been used to mechanize this task: a trunk shaker with umbrella, a trunk shaker hitched to an orchard tractor, and an experimental smaller sized shaker that can be attached to small and pedestrian tractors. The shaking patterns used by each equipment, detachment percentages, mobility constraints, and tree damage have been measured, and reduction costs have been estimated. After three years of study, the system has been fully accepted by both gardeners and citizens.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Dampens Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Does Not Worsen the Cardiac Function and Oxidative State of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Benkő Rita , Miklós Zsuzsanna , Ágoston Viktor Antal , Ihonvien Katrine , Répás Csaba , Csépányi-Kömi Roland , Kerék Margit , Béres Nóra Judit , Horváth Eszter Mária
Published: December 2019

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is frequently used after soft tissue injuries and in diabetic patients with ulcerated wounds; however, its ability to increase oxidative stress casts doubts. Diabetes (DM) in male Wistar rats (N = 20) weighing 300 g were induced by a single dose of streptozotocin. Ten diabetics (DMHBOT) and 10 controls (CHBOT) underwent a one-hour long hyperbaric oxygen treatment protocol (2.5 bar) 12 times after the 3rd week of diabetes. Ten animals remained untreated. Eight weeks after diabetes induction, we measured the 24-hour blood glucose profile and cardiovascular function (sonocardiography and the relaxation ability of aortae). Malonyl-dialdehyde (MDA) and cytokine levels were measured in blood plasma. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity was estimated in cardiac and aortic tissue. HBOT did not alter most of the cardiovascular parameters. PARylation in cardiac and aortic tissues, plasma MDA levels were elevated in diabetic rats. HBOT prevented the increase of MDA in diabetic animals. In addition, levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) the levels of anti-inflammatory tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 were not altered in diabetes or in hyperoxia. Our results suggest that HBOT does not increase long-term oxidative stress, and, similar to training, the TBARS products, nitrotyrosine formation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may be eased as a result of hyperoxia.
The Potential of Multi- and HyperSpectral Air- and Spaceborne Sensors to Detect Crude Oil Hydrocarbon in Soils Long after a Contamination Event
Authors: Pelta Ran , Ben-Dor Eyal
Published: November 2019

Crude oil contamination is hazardous to health, negatively impacts vital life sources, and causes land and ecological degradation. The basic premise of the prevalent spectroscopic analyses for detecting such contamination is that crude oil spectral features are observable in the spectrum. Such analyses, however, have failed to address instances where the expected spectral features are not visible in the spectrum. Hence, a more refined method was recently published, which accounts for such cases. This method was successfully applied to a hyperspectral image over an arid area long after a contamination event. This study aimed to determine whether that same method could be successfully applied using a variety of other operational and future instruments, both air- and spaceborne, with different spatial and spectral characteristics. To that end, a series of simulation experiments was performed, including various spectral and spatial resolutions. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the classification are reported. The results indicate that the hyperspectral information can be reduced to one-third of its original size, while maintaining high accuracy and a quality classification map. A ground sampling distance of 7.5 m seems to be the boundary of an acceptable classification outcome. The overall conclusion of this study was that the method is robust enough to perform under various spectral and spatial configurations. Therefore, it could be a promising tool to be integrated into environmental protection and resource management programs.
Effect of NS-DBD Actuator Parameters on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Flap Lifting Device
Authors: Chen Kun , Wei Chen-Yao , Shi Zhi-Wei
Published: December 2019

The flap lift device is an important part of the conventional configuration of aircrafts and has an important impact on the aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a high-efficiency, simple, and energy-saving nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is placed in the vicinity of the flap lift device to improve the aerodynamic performance of the flap by controlling the flow field. The two-dimensional airfoil GAW-1 and its 29% flap were selected as the research objects, and the nanosecond (NS) DBD actuators were fixed at different locations near the deflection angle of the 10°flap. The excitation frequency, pulse width, and energy density parameters of the pulse discharge were adjusted, and then, the effects of parameter changes on aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil were studied by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that adjusting the excitation frequency on the aerodynamic drag is weak and that the effect on the aerodynamic lift is obvious. The increase of the discharge pulse width will have a more significant effect on the flow field, i.e., a proper increase of the discharge pulse width can achieve better drag reduction, and increase lift after a stall at a high angle of attack. Although the increase of discharge energy density can strengthen the pulse perturbation effect on the flow field, it also contributes to some adverse effects and has no obvious optimization effect on the control efficiency of lift increase and drag reduction.
A High Efficiency Multistage Coder for Lossless Audio Compression using OLS+ and CDCCR Method
Authors: Ulacha Grzegorz , Wernik Cezary
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the improvement of the cascaded prediction method was presented. Three types of main predictor block with different levels of complexity were compared, including two complex prediction methods with backward adaptation, i.e., extension Active Level Classification Model (ALCM+) and extended Ordinary Least Square (OLS+). Our own approach to implementation of the effective context-dependent constant component removal block is also presented. Additionally, the improved adaptive arithmetic coder with short, medium and long-term adaptation was presented, and the experiment was carried out comparing the results with other known lossless audio coders against which our method obtained the best efficiency.
Experimental Study on the Coal Damage Characteristics of Adsorption-Instantaneous Pressure Relief in Coal Containing Gases with Different Adsorption Characteristics
Authors: Du Changang , Sun Lulu , Guo Yangyang , Wang Gang , Cheng Weimin
Published: December 2019

In the process of coal mining, coal and gas outburst is one of the most severe disasters, which is accompanied by the outbursts of CO2, CH4, N2, and other gases. Since the intensity of the outburst is affected by the adsorption characteristics of different gases, the study of the adsorption characteristics of multi-gas in the coal body is of great significance for the prevention and control of coal and gas dynamical outbursts in coal mining. In this paper, the self-developed adsorption-instantaneous pressure relief test system for gas-containing coal was used to study the damage characteristics of multi-gas in briquette adsorption-instantaneous pressure relief and to characterize coal adsorption expansion deformation and instantaneous pressure relief deformation quantitatively. The results showed that under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the adsorption expansion deformation capacities of different gases were in the order of CO2 > CH4 > N2. With the increasing pressure of pressure relief, the damage of the coal body tended to be more significant. Although the briquette exhibited isotropic mechanical properties, the process of adsorption expansion deformation was not completely consistent with the isotropy of deformation, in which the axial strain was slightly larger than the radial strain. Moreover, it was found that the adsorption equilibrium time was positively correlated with gas pressure and gas adsorption characteristics.
Multiscale Characterisation of Cortical Bone Tissue
Authors: Sanz-Herrera José A. , Mora-Macías Juan , Reina-Romo Esther , Domínguez Jaime , Doblaré Manuel
Published: December 2019

Multiscale analysis has become an attractive technique to predict the behaviour of materials whose microstructure strongly changes spatially or among samples, with that microstructure controlling the local constitutive behaviour. This is the case, for example, of most biological tissues—such as bone. Multiscale approaches not only allow, not only to better characterise the local behaviour, but also to predict the field-variable distributions (e.g., strains, stresses) at both scales (macro and micro) simultaneously. However, multiscale analysis usually lacks sufficient experimental feedback to demonstrate its validity. In this paper an experimental and numerical micromechanics analysis is developed with application to cortical bone. Displacement and strain fields are obtained across the microstructure by means of digital image correlation (DIC). The other mechanical variables are computed following the micromechanics theory. Special emphasis is given to the differences found in the different field variables between the micro- and macro-structures, which points out the need for this multiscale approach in cortical bone tissue. The obtained results are used to establish the basis of a multiscale methodology with application to the analysis of bone tissue mechanics at different spatial scales.
Stem Cell Surgery and Growth Factors in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients: Pilot Study after Literature Review
Authors: Limoli Paolo Giuseppe , Vingolo Enzo Maria , Limoli Celeste , Nebbioso Marcella
Published: December 2019

To evaluate whether grafting of autologous mesenchymal cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and platelet-rich plasma into the supracoroideal space by surgical treatment with the Limoli retinal restoration technique (LRRT) can exert a beneficial effect in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. Twenty-one eyes underwent surgery and were divided based on retinal foveal thickness (FT) ≤ 190 or > 190 µm into group A-FT and group B-FT, respectively. The specific LRRT triad was grafted in a deep scleral pocket above the choroid of each eye. At 6-month follow-up, group B showed a non-significant improvement in residual close-up visus and sensitivity at microperimetry compared to group A. After an in-depth review of molecular biology studies concerning degenerative phenomena underlying the etiopathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), it was concluded that further research is needed on tapeto-retinal degenerations, both from a clinical and molecular point of view, to obtain better functional results. In particular, it is necessary to increase the number of patients, extend observation timeframes, and treat subjects in the presence of still trophic retinal tissue to allow adequate biochemical and functional catering.
The Problem of Psychological Rehabilitation of Persons with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System Acquired in Adulthood
Authors: Razuvaeva Tatyana , Gut Yuliya , Lokteva Anna , Pchelkina Evgeniya
Published: December 2019

The problem of improving the quality of life of people with lesions of the musculoskeletal system is relevant to modern society. However, the circumstances of disabled people in modern Russia are characterized by the presence of many problems, including psychological ones. The aim of this study was to study the psychological characteristics of persons with acquired disorders of the musculoskeletal system and to determine the direction and content of psychological rehabilitation. In this study, we studied the characteristics of the emotional-volitional sphere of persons with musculoskeletal disorders (n = 30) acquired in adulthood, as well as scientific approaches to the study of rehabilitation and the main directions of rehabilitation of persons with musculoskeletal disorders. Clinical, psychological, and psychodiagnostic methods, alongside statistical methods of empirical data analysis, were used. It was found that persons with acquired disorders of the musculoskeletal system have a low adaptive capacity, a high level of neuropsychic stress, a low level of self-actualization and self-regulation and are not capable of the conscious planning of activities. The personal factors that intensify the manifestation of maladjustment are isolation and emotional stress when interacting with others. The article presents the main directions for rehabilitation.
Sarcopenic Factors May Have No Impact on Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Nakayama Naomi , Nakayama Kentaro , Nakamura Kohei , Razia Sultana , Kyo Satoru
Published: November 2019

Although the prognostic value of sarcopenic factors, such as loss of muscle mass and quality, have been widely reported in patients with cancer during the last decade, the value in those with ovarian cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the prognostic impact of sarcopenic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. We retrospectively evaluated the data of 94 ovarian cancer patients who underwent surgery and chemotherapy at the Shimane University Hospital between March 2006 and 2013. Preoperative computed tomography scan at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was used to evaluate skeletal muscle volume and quality based on the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), respectively. The impact of preoperative SMI and IMAC on outcomes was subsequently investigated. Low SMI and high IMAC were not significantly associated with disease-free survival (p = 0.329 and p = 0.3370, respectively) or poor overall survival (p = 0.921 and p = 0.988, respectively). Neither preoperative low muscle volume nor low muscle quality was a poor prognostic factor in ovarian cancer.
Exergetic and Economic Evaluation of a Transcritical Heat-Driven Compression Refrigeration System with CO2 as the Working Fluid under Hot Climatic Conditions
Authors: Luo Jing , Morosuk Tatiana , Tsatsaronis George , Tashtoush Bourhan
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to evaluate a transcritical heat-driven compression refrigeration machine with CO2 as the working fluid from thermodynamic and economic viewpoints. Particular attention was paid to air-conditioning applications under hot climatic conditions. The system was simulated by Aspen HYSYS® (AspenTech, Bedford, MA, USA) and optimized by automation based on a genetic algorithm for achieving the highest exergetic efficiency. In the case of producing only refrigeration, the scenario with the ambient temperature of 35 °C and the evaporation temperature of 5 °C showed the best performance with 4.7% exergetic efficiency, while the exergetic efficiency can be improved to 22% by operating the system at the ambient temperature of 45 °C and the evaporation temperature of 5 °C if the available heating capacity within the gas cooler is utilized (cogeneration operation conditions). Besides, an economic analysis based on the total revenue requirement method was given in detail.
If a Tree Falls: Business Students Learning Active Citizenship from Environmentalists
Authors: Kopnina Helen , Saari Maria Helena
Published: December 2019

This article presents and discusses student assignments reflecting on the documentary film If a Tree Falls, written as part of the Business Ethics and Sustainability course at The Hague University of Applied Sciences. This article follows two lines of inquiry. First, it challenges mainstream environmental education, supporting critical pedagogy and ecopedagogy. These pedagogies, which advocate pedagogy for radical change, offer a distinct and valuable contribution to sustainability education, enabling students to critically examine normative assumptions, and learn about ethical relativity, and citizenship engagement from environmentalists. The discussion of “lessons of radical environmentalism” is pertinent to the question of what types of actions are likely to achieve the widely acceptable long-term societal change. While this article focuses on student reflection on a film about radical environmentalism, this article also discusses many forms of activism and raises the question of what can be considered effective activism and active citizenship in the context of the philosophy of (environmental or sustainability) education in connection didactics and curriculum studies. Second, this article argues for the need for reformed democracy and inclusive pluralism that recognizes the needs of nonhuman species, ecocentrism, and deep ecology. The connection between these two purposes is expressed in the design of the student assignment: It is described as a case study, which employs critical pedagogy and ecopedagogy.
Robust 24 Hours ahead Forecast in a Microgrid: A Real Case Study
Authors: Nespoli Alfredo , Mussetta Marco , Ogliari Emanuele , Leva Sonia , Fernández-Ramírez Luis , García-Triviño Pablo
Published: December 2019

Forecasting the power production from renewable energy sources (RESs) has become fundamental in microgrid applications to optimize scheduling and dispatching of the available assets. In this article, a methodology to provide the 24 h ahead Photovoltaic (PV) power forecast based on a Physical Hybrid Artificial Neural Network (PHANN) for microgrids is presented. The goal of this paper is to provide a robust methodology to forecast 24 h in advance the PV power production in a microgrid, addressing the specific criticalities of this environment. The proposed approach has to validate measured data properly, through an effective algorithm and further refine the power forecast when newer data are available. The procedure is fully implemented in a facility of the Multi-Good Microgrid Laboratory (MG L a b 2 ) of the Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy, where new Energy Management Systems (EMSs) are studied. Reported results validate the proposed approach as a robust and accurate procedure for microgrid applications.
Analysis of an Approximated Model for the Depletion Region Width of Planar Junctionless Transistors
Authors: Nowbahari Arian , Roy Avisek , Nadeem Akram Muhammad , Marchetti Luca
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of the approximated analytical model currently utilized, by many researchers, to describe the depletion region width in planar junctionless transistors (PJLT). The proposed analysis was supported by numerical simulations performed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. By comparing the numerical results and the approximated analytical model of the depletion region width, we calculated that the model introduces a maximum RMS error equal to 90 % of the donor concentration in the substrate. The maximum error is achieved when the gate voltage approaches the threshold voltage ( V t h ) or when it approaches the flat band voltage ( V F B ) of the transistor. From these results, we concluded that this model cannot be used to determine accurately the flat-band and the threshold voltage of the transistor, although it represents a straightforward method to estimate the depletion region width in PJLT. By using the approximated analytical model, we extracted an analytical formula, which describes the electron concentration at the ideal boundary of the depletion region. This formula approximates the numerical data extracted from COMSOL with a relative error lower than 1 % . The proposed formula is in our opinion, as useful as the formula of the approximated analytical model because it allows for estimating the position of the depletion region also when the drain and source terminals are not grounded. We concluded that the analytical formula proposed at the end of this work could be useful to determine the position of the depletion region boundary in numerical simulations and in graphical representations provided by COMSOL Multiphysics software.
ParaLarPD: Parallel FPGA Router Using Primal-Dual Sub-Gradient Method
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Ahuja Kapil , Hau Hoo Chin , Duy Anh Nguyen Tuan , Kumar Akash
Published: December 2019

In the field programmable gate array (FPGA) design flow, one of the most time-consuming steps is the routing of nets. Therefore, there is a need to accelerate it. In a recent work by Hoo et al., the authors have developed a linear programming (LP)-based framework that parallelizes this routing process to achieve significant speed-ups (the resulting algorithm is termed as ParaLaR). However, this approach has certain weaknesses. Namely, the constraints violation by the solution and a standard routing metric could be improved. We address these two issues here. In this paper, we use the LP framework of ParaLaR and solve it using the primal–dual sub-gradient method that better exploits the problem properties. We also propose a better way to update the size of the step taken by this iterative algorithm. We call our algorithm as ParaLarPD. We perform experiments on a set of standard benchmarks, where we show that our algorithm outperforms not just ParaLaR but the standard existing algorithm VPR as well. We perform experiments with two different configurations. We achieve 20 % average improvement in the constraints violation and the standard metric of the minimum channel width (both of which are related) when compared with ParaLaR. When compared to VPR, we get average improvements of 28 % in the minimum channel width (there is no constraints violation in VPR). We obtain the same value for the total wire length as by ParaLaR, which is 49 % better on an average than that obtained by VPR. This is the original metric to be minimized, for which ParaLaR was proposed. Next, we look at the third and easily measurable metric of critical path delay. On an average, ParaLarPD gives 2 % larger critical path delay than ParaLaR and 3 % better than VPR. We achieve maximum relative speed-ups of up to seven times when running a parallel version of our algorithm using eight threads as compared to the sequential implementation. These speed-ups are similar to those as obtained by ParaLaR.
Comparison of Microstrip W-Band Detectors Based on Zero Bias Schottky-Diodes
Authors: Gutiérrez Jéssica , Zeljami Kaoutar , Pascual Juan Pablo , Fernández Tomás , Tazón Antonio
Published: December 2019

This paper presents and discusses three different low-cost microstrip implementations of Schottky-diode detectors in W Band, based on the use of the Zero Bias Diode (ZBD) from VDI (Virginia Diodes, Charlottesville, VA, USA). Designs are based on a previous work of modeling of the ZBD diode. Designs also feature low-cost, easy-to-use tooling substrates (RT Duroid 5880, 5 mils thickness) and even low-cost discrete SMD components such as SOTA resistances (State Of The Art TM miniaturized surface mount resistors), which are modeled to be used well above commercial frequency margins. Intensive use of 3D EM simulation tools such as HFSS TM is done to support microstrip board modeling. Measurements of the three designs fabricated are compared to simulations and discussed.
An Inverse Vehicle Model for a Neural-Network-Based Integrated Lateral and Longitudinal Automatic Parking Controller
Authors: Moon Jaeyoung , Bae Il , Kim Shiho
Published: December 2019

The majority of currently used automatic parking systems exploit the planning-and-tracking approach that involves planning the reference trajectory first and then tracking the desired reference trajectory. However, the response delay of longitudinal velocity prevents the parking controller from tracing the desired trajectory because the vehicle’s velocity and other state parameters are not synchronized, while the controller maneuvers the vehicle according to the planned desired velocity and steering profiles. We propose an inverse vehicle model to provide a neural-network-based integrated lateral and longitudinal automatic parking controller. We approximated the relationship of the planned velocity to the vehicle’s velocity using a second-order difference equation that involves the response characteristic of the vehicle’s longitudinal delay. The adjusted desired velocity to track the origin-planned velocity is calculated using the inverse vehicle model. Furthermore, we proposed an integrated longitudinal and lateral parking controller using an artificial neural network (ANN) model trained on a dataset applying the inverse vehicle model. By learning the control laws between the vehicle’s states and the corresponding actions, the proposed ANN-based controller could yield a steering angle and the adjusted desired velocity to complete automatic parking in a confined space.
Location-Based Optimized Service Selection for Data Management with Cloud Computing in Smart Grids
Authors: C. Sivapragash , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Eklas Hossain , Holm-Nielsen Jens Bo , Hemalatha R.
Published: November 2019

To maximize the utilization, reliability and availability of power resources, some distribution strategy has to be implemented, which is possible nowadays with the support of modern information technologies (IT). To further develop power utilization, the customer should be aware of efficient power utilization, and the problem of customer management has to be resolved, where payment of electric bills could be through online solutions. A customer-aware power regulatory model is proposed that provides awareness to the consumer regarding the usage of electrical energy, in a secure and reliable solution that combines the features of electrical engineering with cloud computing to ensure better performance in notifying issues, which is done based on location and enhances the operation of smart grids. Instant electric meters are equipped with remote gadgets which communicate with a central cloud administration to produce electric bills for the client. The model provides mindfulness by showing history/notifications and suggestions for energy utilization through the smart meters. The user is provided with security keys to view the reading values and pay bills. To make the solution more accessible, the electronic data will be maintained on various servers at different locations of the cloud. Subsequently, there will be a service provider who manages service requests. A hardwired electric meter transmits the electric readings, which in turn access the particular service to make an entry for the particular connection on the cloud. The usage data will also be maintained at different locations in the cloud, which are accessible to different levels of users with appropriate security measures. The user accessibility is controlled by a Third Party Auditor (TPA) that computes the trustworthiness of users using a trust management scheme. This article also proposes a hash function, which computes and verifies the signature of the keys submitted by the users and also has a higher completeness ratio, which reaches 0.93, than typical methods. This is noteworthy, and the investigation results prove the system’s proficiency in providing assured service.
Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients in Thermoacoustic Heat Exchangers: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Piccolo Antonio , Sapienza Alessio , Guglielmino Cecilia
Published: November 2019

This paper investigates the thermal performance of thermoacoustic heat exchangers subjected to acoustically oscillating flows. The analysis is carried out by experimental measurements of the heat fluxes sustained by the ambient heat exchanger of a prime mover of the standing wave type. A home-made parallel-plate heat exchanger is considered for the study. The gas-side convection heat transfer coefficients expressed as Nusselt numbers are determined over a wide range of velocity amplitudes of the oscillating flow. The experimental results are then compared to the predictions of a number of theoretical models currently applied in thermoacoustics such as the time-average steady-flow equivalent (TASFE) model, the root mean square Reynolds number (RMS-Re) model, and the boundary layer conduction model. The comparison suggests that the boundary layer model performs better than the rms-Re and TASFE models in predicting the heat transfer coefficients in oscillating flows. The relative difference between the model predictions and the experimental data amounts to 19%. A new correlation law, based on regression of the experimental data, is also proposed.