bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo e integración en clave sudamericana: el rol del Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social (BNDES) en Brasil (2003-2016)
Authors: Barrenengoa Amanda
Published: February 2023

La cuestión del desarrollo y la integración han suscitado importantes debates en la región sudamericana. Este artículo tiene como propósito aportar a dichas reflexiones, a partir de indagar en el rol del Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social (BNDES) durante los gobiernos del Partido de los Trabajadores en Brasil (2003-2016). Desde la consideración de Brasil como potencia emergente, se aborda el caso del BNDES en tanto instrumento público vinculado a la estrategia implementada desde los gobiernos brasileños, en conjunto con la política exterior, la infraestructura y la política económica. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, basada en el trabajo con fuentes primarias y secundarias, se dialoga con bibliografía especializada sobre el Estado y el desarrollo en América Latina. Se recuperan también los aportes de las teorías de la dependencia y la Escuela de la Autonomía para analizar la relación entre la estrategia de desarrollo promovida desde Brasil y los procesos de integración regional, desde una visión multiescalar. Asimismo, se recorren las tensiones y los conflictos emergentes en dicho período para plantear interrogantes frente al desarrollo y la integración en el contexto actual, signado por la crisis del capitalismo y las transformaciones del orden mundial.
Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c, Diabetes, and Aging-Related Diseases
Authors: Kong Byung Soo , Lee Changhan , Cho Young Min
Published: February 2023

Mitochondria are complex metabolic organelles with manifold pathophysiological implications in diabetes. Currently published mitochondrial-encoded peptides, which are expressed from the mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S ribosomal RNA type-c (MOTS-c), 16S rRNA (humanin and short humanin like peptide 1-6 [SHLP1-6]), or small human mitochondrial open reading frame over serine tRNA (SHMOOSE) are associated with regulation of cellular metabolism and insulin action in age-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review focuses mainly on recent advances in MOTS-c research with regards to diabetes, including both type 1 and type 2. The emerging understanding of MOTS-c in diabetes may provide insight into the development of new therapies for diabetes and other age or senescence-related diseases.
Unusual large mass on aortic valve in an infant
Authors: Kadiyani Lamk , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Verma Mansi , Kumar Sanjeev , Hote Milind
Published: February 2023

Mass on the aortic valve is extremely rare in children, and the differential diagnosis includes vegetation, thrombus, and primary cardiac tumors. A rise in infective endocarditis in infants is seen due to increasing survival of children with congenital heart diseases and sick newborn infants with prolonged hospitalization. We report a 4-month-old infant born prematurely with early-onset sepsis requiring prolonged antibiotic treatment and valvular aortic stenosis presenting with sudden hemodynamic compromise due to aortic vegetation extending into the ascending aorta eroding through its posterior wall. The report details management of our case and a brief description of available alternative treatment strategies.
Culture-negative sepsis after pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Rajesh M. , Nair Arjun Ramachandran , Sudhakar Abish , Jayant Aveek , Balachandran Rakhi , Neema Praveen Kumar , Kumar Raman Krishna
Published: February 2023

Background:

Significant proportion of congenital heart surgery (CHS) children exhibit sepsis, but have negative blood culture and defined “culture negative sepsis (CNS).”

Aims and Objectives:

Retrospective analysis of CNS patients undergoing CHS.

Material and Methods:

437 consecutive CHS children grouped as controls (antibiotic prophylaxis), CNS, and culture positive sepsis (CPS).

Results:

Incidences of CNS and CPS were 16% and 7%. Median mechanical ventilation (MV) in hours among CPS, CNS, and control was 116 (45–271), 63 (23–112), and 18 (6–28) (P < 0.001), respectively. Multivariable linear regression identified CPS (median ratio: 3.1 [2.3–4.1], P < 0.001), CNS (median ratio: 5.6 [3.7–8.4], P < 0.001), and weight (kg) (median ratio: 0.98 [0.96–0.99], P = 0.009) as associations of MV. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay (hours) was 192 (120–288) in CNS, 288 (156–444) in CPS, and 72 (48–120) in controls (P < 0.0001). Multivariable linear regression showed CNS (median ratio: 2.4 [2.0–2.9], P< 0.001) CPS (median ratio: 3.3 [2.5–4.4], P < 0.001), and weight (median ratio: 0.98 [0.97–0.99], P ≤ 0.001) prolonging ICU stay. Mortality was 10.7%, 2.9% and 1.2% in CPS, CNS, and control (P = 0.03). Multivariable regression identified CPS an independent predictor of mortality with odds ratio 8.6 (1.7–44.9; P = 0.010). 11.26% patients in CNS and 79.3% in CPS received antibiotics for more than 10 days.

Conclusion:

Incidence of CNS was 16%; duration of MV and ICU stay and mortality was significantly less in CNS than CPS patients.
Strain in children with MIS-C and acute COVID-19
Authors: Minocha Prashant K. , Srinivasan Ranjini , Babb James , Singh Rakesh K. , Phoon Colin K. L. , Better Donna , Bhatla Puneet
Published: February 2023

Context:

Cardiac injury has been described in both acute COVID-19 and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Echocardiographic strain has been shown to be a sensitive measure of systolic function.

Aims:

We sought to describe strain findings in both the groups on initial presentation and follow-up.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective study analyzing echocardiograms of all patients presenting with acute COVID-19 infection and MIS-C at our institution between March 2020 and December 2020 was performed.

Subjects and Methods:

TOMTEC software was used for strain analysis in both the study groups (COVID-19 and MIS-C) and age-matched healthy controls. Strain was correlated with LV ejection fraction (EF) and serum troponin levels.

Results:

Forty-five patients (34 – MIS-C and 11 – COVID-19) met the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant decrease in LV longitudinal strain (P < 0.001), LV circumferential strain (P < 0.001), and left atrial strain (P = 0.014) in the MIS-C group when compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant decrease in LV longitudinal strain (P = 0.028) in the acute COVID-19 group. All patients with abnormal left ventricular EF (LVEF) had abnormal strain. However, 14 (41%) patients in the MIS-C group and 3 (27%) in the acute COVID-19 group had preserved LVEF but abnormal strain. There was a significant correlation with LV longitudinal strain (P = 0.005) and LVEF (P = 0.002) and troponin in patients with MIS-C. Abnormal strain persisted in one-third of patients in the MIS-C and acute COVID-19 groups on outpatient follow-up.

Conclusions:

Patients with MIS-C and acute COVID-19 can develop myocardial dysfunction as seen by abnormal strain. LV longitudinal strain correlates with cardiac injury as measured by serum troponin in patients with MIS-C. Strain may provide an additional tool in detecting subtle myocardial dysfunction. It can be routinely employed at diagnosis and at follow-up evaluation of these patients.
Advanced Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Iftekhar Mohammad Hasan , Khan Mohammed Rasel , Nur-A-Musabber  , Biswas Hitler , Azad Umme , Moshwan Md Monju , Chanda Palash Kumar , Kamrul-Hasan A B M
Published: February 2023

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is a disorder that features the replacement of multiple areas of bone with fibrous tissue, which may cause fractures and deformity. It begins in childhood and progresses onward, affecting both sexes equally. A 23-year-old male presented with recurrent fractures of all long bones and multiple vertebrae with low trauma. X-ray showed extensive multilocular cystic lesions with ground-glass diffuse refractions throughout all long bones, multiple fracture lines and dislocation of joints, scoliosis, and compression of multiple vertebrae. Severe cortical thinning is also seen in all bones. He was managed with bisphosphonate, and significant improvement was observed.
Subtype and Severity of Stroke at Presentation in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Saifuddin Mohammad , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Sharifuzzaman Mirza , Selim Shahjada , Kamrul-Hasan A.B.M. , Uddin Lt Colonel Nasir , Akter Farhana , Mahbub Mohammad Imtiaj , Ahammed Afsar , Ghosh Debasish Kumar
Published: February 2023

Background:

Although diabetes is a strong risk factor for stroke, it is still unclear whether stroke subtype and severity at presentation are different in patients with and without diabetes.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to identify the subtype and severity of stroke at presentation in diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects in our population.

Methods:

This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, from July 2011 to December 2011. Forty-seven stroke patients with diabetes and 47 nondiabetic patients with stroke were included in the study.

Results:

The mean age of the patients of the diabetic group was lower than the nondiabetic group (60.4 [standard deviation (SD) ± 10.5] vs. 65.4 [SD ± 10.3], P< 0.05), but there was no sex difference between the two groups. Hypertension and stroke severity was more in diabetics (Scandinavian Stroke Scale: 21.2 vs. 28.1, P< 0.001). Ischemic stroke was significantly more in the diabetic group than that of the nondiabetic group (83.0% vs. 59.6%, P< 0.01). Subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were almost similar in both the diabetic and nondiabetic groups.

Conclusion:

Stroke in diabetic patients is different from stroke in nondiabetic patients in several aspects. The diabetic stroke patient is younger, ischemic stroke and stroke severity is more, but hemorrhagic stroke is less in diabetic individuals.
A 27-Year-old man with Rare Genetic Disorder Presented with Morbid Obesity
Authors: Hannan Mohammad Abdul , Selim M. Ahmed , Rahman A. A. M. Sazzadur , Al Razy Alim , Saifuddin Mohammad , Selim Shahjada , Kamrul-Hasan A. B. M.
Published: February 2023

Overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing globally, and Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disorder that can cause obesity. We report a case of a 27-year-old unmarried man with morbid obesity, retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and poor scholastic performance diagnosed as BBS who was admitted to our care.
The Somnometabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Agrawal Navneet , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Sahay Rakesh
Published: February 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the various components of metabolic syndrome are closely interrelated. We propose the term somnometabolic syndrome to define the condition where OSA coexists with one or more components of metabolic syndrome. Such a definition reinforces the strong association between OSA and metabolic syndrome and will urge the clinician to screen and diagnose OSA in individuals with metabolic syndrome and vice versa. It is hoped that the usage of this new term will not only address the lacunae in screening and treatment of OSA in individuals with metabolic syndrome but will also foster collaboration and research among specialties managing OSA.
Bilateral Multiple Ciliary Body Cysts with Angle-Closure Glaucoma in an 18-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Almulhim Amar , Alsirhy Ehab , Al-Obeidan Saleh A.
Published: February 2023

We present the rare case of an 18-year-old medically free male who had a history of decrease in vision in the left eye (LE) in the last 4 years. On examination, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye (RE) and counting fingers 3 feet in the LE. Intraocular pressure was 34 and 40 mmHg in RE and LE, respectively. Fundus examination showed cupping of 0.7 on the RE and 0.9 on the LE. Gonioscopy revealed bilateral angle closure with a double-hump sign. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed multiple ciliary body cysts replacing ciliary body sulcus space bilaterally.
Treatment Outcome of Occlusion for Unilateral Amblyopia in Saudi Children 6-12 Years Old
Authors: Sesma Gorka , AlMairi Tasnim , Khashoggi Heba , Aljohar Fahad , Khandekar Rajiv , Awad Abdulaziz
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to estimate the rate and review determinants of successful therapy for unilateral amblyopia in children.

METHODS:

This prospective cohort consisted of Saudi children aged 6–12 who received amblyopia therapy between 2020 and 2022. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the amblyopic eye improved to reach the BCVA of the fellow eye at follow-up visits, or BCVA in the amblyopic eye improved and remained stable over three follow-up visits. Demographic and ocular characteristics were associated with the outcome.

RESULTS:

In 30 children, the median BCVA at presentation and the last follow-up was 0.8 logMAR (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.6; 1.0) and 0.45 logMAR (IQR: 0.3; 0.6), respectively. The success rate of amblyopia therapy was 80% (95% confidence interval: 65.7; 94.3). It was 100%, 76.5%, and 77.8% in eyes with anisometropic, strabismic, and mixed types of amblyopia, respectively. Amblyopia grade (P = 0.177), type of amblyopia (P = 0.96), and spectacles as therapy in the past (P = 0.09) were not significantly associated with the successful out. The duration of follow-up was significantly longer in those with unsuccessful outcomes (P = 0.05). Excellent compliance for occlusion was observed in 62.5% of children with successful outcomes. In 14 (46.7%) children, BCVA was ≤0.3 logMAR BCVA at the last follow-up. Two-line improvement in amblyopic eyes was in 26 (86.7%) children at the last follow-up compared to BCVA at presentation.

CONCLUSION:

Occlusion therapy complemented using glasses in older children also significantly improved visual recovery in amblyopic eyes.
Severe Ocular Trauma Caused by Fireworks Injury: A Case Series
Authors: Al Barqi Mohammed , Al Ghadeer Huda
Published: February 2023

The aim was to describe the three eyes of three patients with severe firework-related ocular injuries. The three eyes of three patients with firework injuries were studied. All patients were men aged 5, 11, and 31 years. All underwent a complete ocular examination, and two had surgical intervention. Two eyes received surgical treatment. One eye had evisceration, and the other eye had lens aspiration with a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Final visual acuity was no light perception, light perception, and 20/50. Ocular trauma from fireworks can cause a significant ocular morbidity, especially in children. Public health education on the hazards of fireworks is crucial to prevent a permanent visual loss.
Comparison of Glaucoma Therapy Escalation After Penetrating Keratoplasty to Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Aldarrab Abdulrahman , Alsakran Wael , Al-Swailem Samar A. , Al-Shahwan Sami A.
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to compare glaucoma therapy escalation (GTE), graft survival, vision, and glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty (PK group) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK group) to treat pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK).

METHODS:

This cohort included cases of PBK managed with PK from 2009 to 2014. We compared the incidences and determinants of GTE, graft survival, and visual disability. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

RESULTS:

There were 58 eyes in the PK group and 117 eyes in the DSAEK group. The incidence of GTE in the PK and DSAEK groups at the last follow-up was 34.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19.5–48.9) and 46.6% (95% CI: 27.7–65.4), respectively. The risk of GTE was similar between the groups (relative risk [RR] = 1.36 [95% CI: 0.94–1.98], P = 0.12). GTE was significantly associated with graft survival in the PK group (RR = 3.25 [95% CI: 1.5–7.0], P < 0.001) and the DSAEK group (RR = 3.77 [95% CI: 2.6–5.6], P < 0.001). Glaucoma (P = 0.001) and previous keratoplasty (P < 0.001) were significant predictors for GTE. At the final follow-up visit, severe visual disability was not significantly different between the groups (RR = 0.9 [95% CI: 0.3–2.9], P = 0.88). There was a statistically significant improvement in vision after DSAEK (P < 0.001) but not after PK (P = 0.67).

CONCLUSION:

GTE was similar in eyes with PBK managed by PK or DSAEK. Glaucoma and previous keratoplasty were predictors of GTE post-keratoplasty. DSAEK gave better visual outcomes than PK for managing PBK.
Effect Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance To Antibiotic
Authors: Shatti Hanan Hameed , Al-Saeed Wisam M. , Nader Mohammed I.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Due Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common type of bacteria that causes hospital-acquired infections because it has multiple resistance mechanisms to antibiotics such as biofilm formation. It is important to understand to investigate biofilm production in multidrug resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from different sites of infection.

Materials and Methods:

This work was done on 114 patients were collected from different specimens From hospitals Baghdad. The collected samples were cultured on different media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, nutrient agar, and Cetrimide agar) for isolation of P. aeruginosa bacteria as well as isolates from all patient were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion method, in vitro formation of biofilm in microtiter plates containing Muller –Hinton broth.

Results:

Forty specimens (35.1%) were observed to have bacterial growth (positive samples) for P. aeruginos, the results of P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility showed that among forty positive results, the most isolates were potentially resistant to different antibiotics presented that the isolates resistant to piperacillin (34, 85%), gentamicin (26, 65%), tobramycin (30, 82.5%), amikacin (27, 67.5%), cefepime (25, 62.5%), meropenem (31, 77.5%), carbenicillin (31, 77.5%), ceftriaxone (30, 75%), ciprofloxacin (27, 67.5%), imipenem (22, 55%), ceftazidime 26 (65%), and norfloxacin 24 (60%). The results showed the ability of P. aeruginosa isolates to produce biofilm were 40 (100%) has the ability to produce biofilm, these were the result divided in to strong 19 (47.5%), moderate 12 (30%), and weak 9 (22.5%).

Conclusion:

There were 40 isolates biofilm producers in divers levels of biofilm strength.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Pomegranate Against Methotrexate-Induced Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Al-Gareeb Ali Ismail , Mohammed Ghaith Faris
Published: February 2023

Background:

Methotrexate (MTX) is a synthetic antimetabolite with a wide range of clinical applications, but its liver toxicity induced mainly through oxidative stress represents a primary concern on its clinical use. Pomegranate fruit contains many polyphenolic compounds that possess potent antioxidant effects and, therefore, have a possible hepatoprotective effect.

Objectives:

This study seeks to address the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate against MTX-induced liver injury.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-eight healthy female albino mice were grouped into four groups; control and MTX groups received oral 0.5 ml distilled water, while; the PG150 group received 150mg/kg oral pomegranate, and the PG300 group received 300mg/kg oral pomegranate. The oral course continues for 10 days, and on the last day, all groups were injected with 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneally, except the control group injected with normal saline. 48-hours later, samples were collected and prepared for biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

Results:

After biochemical analysis, MTX causes an elevation in serum Alanine aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, and liver tissue malondialdehyde, indicating hepatic injury, while pomegranate pre-treatment will hold down this elevation significantly and dose-dependently, causing amelioration of the toxic effect of MTX; the histopathological findings support this finding. Also, MTX causes consumption of liver tissue content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH), while pomegranate pre-treatment boosts the SOD and GSH hepatic tissue level.

Conclusion:

Pomegranate has a dose-dependent amelioration effect on the toxic effect of MTX on the liver.
Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes of Single-Stage Feminizing Genitoplasty in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Salim Moamin Junaid , Al-Mayoof Ali Farooq , Joda Ali Egab , Almushhadany Osama Ismael
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Evaluating the cosmetic and functional outcomes in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is essential to criticize the effectiveness of single-stage feminizing genitoplasty (SSFG).

Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of SSFG in terms of cosmetic and functional results for girls with CAH.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study involves the performance of SSFG for patients with CAH in two pediatric surgery centers for a period of 9 years. The surgical procedure was either total or partial urogenital mobilization. The cosmetic and anatomical outcomes were evaluated according to Creighton criteria as good, satisfactory, and poor. The patients were followed up for 4–9 years.

Results:

The study included 55 girls with CAH, the mean age at operation was 4.1 ± 1.2 years. Most of cases are prader Stage II (42%). Total urogenital mobilization was performed in 74.5% of patients. Vaginal stenosis was the most common complication (11%). Urinary incontenance registered in 3 cases. The cosmetic and functional outcome was good in (65.5%), satisfactory (21.8%), and poor in (12.7%).

Conclusion:

Early SSFG is effective in providing good cosmetic and functional outcome in patients with CAH.
Assessment of the Left Ventricular Performance in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Coronary Angiography and Ejection Fraction
Authors: Fadhil Safaa Hasan , Elaebi Hachim Rasan , Abbas Shakir Khudhair
Published: February 2023

Aim:

To evaluate the validity of the longitudinal speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in the detection of early changes in the performance of the left ventricle for hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction (EF) and coronary angiography.

Patients and Methods:

A case-control study enrolled 50 patients and a randomly collected control group of 30, who consulted Ibn-Albitar Cardiac Center from November 2016 to the first September 2017. The patients had hypertension while the control did not. Both had normal coronary angiography, assessed by conventional echocardiography, two-dimensional STE, and anthropometric measures.

Results:

The mean age for the patients or cases was 52.48 ± 4.292 years, and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.10 ± 1.854 kg/m2. They had been diagnosed with hypertension for a mean duration of 8.14 ± 3.326 years. All were on treatment; the mean left ventricular (LV) mass was 108.96 ± 19.469 (g/m2) while the mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) was −16.720 ± 3.191. There was an approximately equal number of males and females among the cases: 24 (48.0%) and 26 (52.0%), respectively. Twenty-seven (54.0%) had LV hypertrophy (LVH), and only 4 (8.0%) cases had diastolic dysfunction with GLS −12. The mean age of the controls was 55 ± 4.792 years, and their BMI was 30.77 ± 2.063 kg/m2. They had a mean LV mass of 92.50 ± 10.058 (g/m2) and their GLS was slightly lower (more negative) than the cases, at −17.517 ± 2.222. Thirteen controls were males (43.3%) while 17 (56.7%) were females. Only 2 (6.7%) had diastolic dysfunction with GLS −14. GLS was significantly higher (less negative) in the cases with LVH compared to the controls: 15.278% compared to −17.517% respectively, with a mean difference of −2.238%. There was no statistically significant difference between controls and cases without LVH.

Conclusions:

The use of STE is beneficial in the detection of subtle changes in the LV of hypertensive patients with normal coronary angiography and normal EF.
Trocar blade-assisted skewer technique for phacoemulsification of a dislocated lens
Authors: Liu Laura , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Wu Wei-Chi , Lai Chi-Chun , Liu Jorn-Hon
Published: February 2023

A posteriorly dislocated lens is often managed with a fragmatome through a pars plana approach because it is difficult to manage anteriorly. The lens often sinks to the surface of the retina or floats around in the vitreous cavity during pars plana lensectomy. Mechanical trauma can occur while removing the dislocated lens fragments. However, sometimes the lens can be confined to the anterior vitreous cavity even though the zonules are completely disrupted. It would be ideal if there was a simple way to stabilize and support the lens so that the lens could remain in the posterior chamber while phacoemulsification is performed through a corneal incision as usual. We describe a technique using a trocar blade to stabilize the lens while performing phacoemulsification through a corneal incision. We found it to be a useful and safe instrument to support the subluxated lens during phacoemulsification.
Kazimierz Majewski: A Marxist among Classicists
Authors: Olechowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2023

There were few Marxist sympathizers among Polish classicists decimated during World War II. How they fared during the tense and uncertain first postwar decade depended on their Communist connections and personality. Kazimierz Majewski (1903–1981), a classicist from Lviv, commanded quasi-universal respect in the academic community – despite his Communist views – because of his scholarly, organizational, and didactic achievements. Tasked with organizing and inaugurating a new Polish University in Wrocław in 1945, he contributed to creating three thriving classical departments – philology, ancient history, and archaeology – a scholarly society, academic journals, and a vibrant academic community. When he moved to Warsaw four years later, he founded an institute for material culture, developed a multidisciplinary research team, and launched within the Soviet bloc two major archaeological excavation projects, in Olbia and in Novae, where generations of archaeologists learned how to perform fieldwork and communicate its results internationally through regular publications and cooperation. Through his Party connections, he protected and ensured support for colleagues less fortunate in this respect.
Benedetto Bravo (1931), University of Warsaw
Authors: Szopa Adrian , Gillmeister Andrzej , Olechowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2023

A summary of an interview conducted by Adrian Szopa and Andrzej Gillmeister on April 22, 2016, in the cycle “Conversations with Mentors,” sponsored by the Centre for Film Documentation of Polish Scholarship, Pedagogical University of Kraków and the Polish Society of Ancient Studies. Available online at the Oral History Archive of the Polish Society for Ancient Studies (SHS). Translated by ElŻbieta Olechowska.
Ewa Wipszycka (1933), University of Warsaw
Authors: Szopa Adrian , Gillmeister Andrzej , Olechowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2023

A summarized fragment of an interview conducted on April 22, 2016, as an installment of the cycle “Conversations with Mentors,” sponsored by the Centre for Film Documentation of Polish Scholarship, Pedagogical University of Kraków and the Polish Society of Ancient Studies. Available online at the Oral History Archive of the Polish Society for Ancient Studies (SHS). The summary covers only Prof. Wipszycka’s biography until the change of regime.
Excursion to Greece in 1958 with the Classicists from the University of Ljubljana
Authors: Rozman Ksenija
Published: February 2023

The first excursion to Greece for classicists after World War II – and likely the first one since the university was established in 1919 – was devised by Professor Milan Grošelj for his classical seminar in 1958. Those were the years when every effort was made to eliminate classical gymnasia in Slovenia, and they were eventually abolished in 1958. However, we, the students of those days, still considered ourselves fortunate. Our professors were professionally sound; they took their calling seriously and were aware that they were not merely experts but also teachers and educators. Therefore, the excursions were a serious matter, far from merely fun and charming trips.
Spartacus and His Early Soviet Theatrical Representation
Authors: Rudenko Oleksii
Published: February 2023

Spartacus became one of the key figures of Soviet dramaturgy in the 1920s. He was presented as the only ancient predecessor of the Bolsheviks and his theatrical image significantly shaped the later icon of the gladiator as a brave leader of the oppressed masses and a hero acting in the name of the proletariat. This article explores the image of Spartacus in early Soviet theater and mass performance and outlines the correlation between the template of Spartacus’ portrayal, Raffaello Giovagnoli’s novel Spartaco (1874), and the first dramatic adaptations by Vladimir Mazurkevich (1920) and Vladimir Volkenstein (1921). The article examines the use of the ancient hero in Bolshevik propaganda and traces the ways in which Spartacus’ image morphs and maps onto wider shifts of Soviet political and cultural policy in the early decades of the USSR.
Metaphysical grounding
Authors: Bliss Ricki
Published: February 2023

Reality would appear to contain many different kinds of things: peonies, storms, facts, numbers, heartaches, and then some. And the contents of this reality would seem to stand in any manner of relations to other of its contents. Peonies might cause Maxine to sneeze, numbers could be considered constituents of the facts about them, and heartaches may well supervene on complex configurations of emotional states. In addition to relations such as identity, parthood, causation, supervenience, instantiation, membership, and so on, many philosophers think we ought also to include relations of grounding.

So, what exactly is grounding? We might say, for example, that facts about wholes are grounded in facts about their parts, that what’s good is grounded in what’s right, that sets are grounded in their members, and that the mental is grounded in the physical. These are but a few examples. In each case, we do not wish to claim that the one causes the other: members don’t cause the sets of which they are members to exist. But in each case, we do want to say that there is some particularly important and tight metaphysical connection between the two; a connection even tighter than mere modal correlation. Indeed, we might think that even though the moon and the singleton set of which it is the sole member come hand in glove – every world at which the moon exists its singleton exists and vice versa – the singleton seems to depend upon the moon in a way in which the moon does not depend upon the singleton.

When telling the story of the world, thinks the metaphysician of a certain stripe, we need the notion of grounding. Perhaps nowhere, though, is the notion more central than in providing us with the metaphysical means to vindicate a particular picture of the overarching structure of reality. Consider the universe. The universe depends upon its constituents: galaxies, solar systems, planets, stars, and so on. Indeed, the universe appears to depend not only on its really big parts, but also on its really small ones as well: quarks, protons, and so on. Amongst the constituents of the universe, we can also discern a dependence ordering: the big things – galaxies, etc. – depend upon the small things – electrons, etc. Reality, it would seem, is hierarchically structured.

This view, although very old, receives its contemporary expression in the language of metaphysical grounding. According to a very common view, reality is hierarchically structured by relations of ground that are asymmetric, transitive, and irreflexive. According also to this view, chains of entities ordered by those relations terminate in something fundamental. The Great Chain of Being involves reality and its parts arranged by relations of grounding.

This entry is about metaphysical grounding, and the picture of reality that it is intimately associated with.
10 lat Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej Młodych Badaczy „Współczesne problemy i kierunki badawcze w geografii”
Authors: Fiedeń Łukasz , Piątek Dawid , Krąż Paweł
Published: February 2023

10 years of the National Scientific Conference of Young Researchers “Contemporary problems and research directions in geography”

The National Scientific Conference of Young Researchers (OKNMB) Contemporary problems and research directions in geography has for 10 years been a meeting place for young researchers undertaking geographical research. The main objective of the conference is to present the research results of Ph.D.s, postgraduates, and students dealing with issues in geography, spatial management, and related fields. The idea behind the organisation of the first conference was to create a space for the youngest geographers to present their research results to a wider audience, providing an opportunity for constructive criticism that improves the quality of science. The 10-year history of the National Scientific Conference of Young Researchers proves that this premise has been and continues to be fulfilled. Various organisational aspects of the event have changed over the years, but the main assumptions are still the same. Although, for decade, it has been a predominantly doctoral conference, in the coming years an increasing proportion of students will be observed among the participants and the role of OKNMB as a venue for the conference debut will be even greater.

Zarys treści: Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa Młodych Badaczy (OKNMB) Współczesne problemy i kierunki badawcze w geografii od 10 lat jest miejscem spotkań młodych badaczy podejmujących badania geograficzne. Głównym celem konferencji jest prezentacja wyników badań doktorów, doktorantów i studentów zajmujących się zagadnieniami z zakresu geografii, gospodarki przestrzennej i dziedzin pokrewnych. Ideą przyświecającą organizacji pierwszej konferencji było stworzenie dla najmłodszych geografów przestrzeni do prezentacji wyników badań naukowych szerszemu gronu odbiorców, dającej możliwość zapoznania się z konstruktywną krytyką, podnoszącą jakość nauki. Dziesięcioletnia historia Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej Młodych Badaczy udowadnia, że to założenie było i nadal jest spełniane. Przez lata zmieniały się różne aspekty organizacyjne tego wydarzenia, lecz główne założenia wciąż są niezmienne. Choć od wielu lat była to konferencja głównie doktorancka, w najbliższych latach wśród uczestników obserwowany będzie coraz większy odsetek studentów, a rola OKNMB jako miejsca „debiutu konferencyjnego” będzie jeszcze większa.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment of Tropical Freshwater Stream
Authors: Olutona Godwin O.
Published: February 2023

An investigation of the heavy metals in the bed sediment of Asunle stream was carried out to assess how seriously the sediment is polluted using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The potential health risk assessment was calculated for a lifetime exposure (ingestion) based on the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) models to determine the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for children and adults. The range of values (mg/kg) of heavy metals in bed sediment were: Fe (2850 – 7260), Mn (58 – 209), Co (0.7 – 33), Ti (21.6 – 67), Ba (1.61 – 9.81), Zn (7.5 – 79), Cu (5.6 – 25), As (8 – 137), Al (273 – 2160), Y (24 – 49), and Sr (0.10 – 5.3). As and Sr, values were below the background values for typical soil. The health risk assessment of heavy metals in the bed sediments revealed that carcinogenic risk was almost insignificant while the non-carcinogenic risk was significant since their values were above the recommended minimal risk level. The results also revealed that children are more vulnerable to hazards than adults. The chronic hazard quotient index for exposure to these metals through ingestion exceeded the acceptable USEPA value of 1.0.
A Comprehensive Review of the Integration of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Saba Saiyad , Srivastava Shashank
Published: February 2023

This paper reviews the concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) and provides an introduction to the use of blockchain technology in SCM. SCM involves the coordination and control of operations related to the production and delivery of goods and services to clients. The traditional SCM model has been facing challenges, including a lack of transparency, inefficiency, and increased costs. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to these challenges by providing a secure, decentralized, and transparent platform for the management of supply chain operations. This paper highlights the key features of blockchain technology and how it can be applied in the SCM business model. The use of blockchain can improve the efficiency of supply chain processes, reduce costs, increase transparency, and enhance trust among supply chain partners. The paper also discusses the challenges and limitations of implementing blockchain in SCM and provides recommendations for future research.
Analysis of Life Time Improvement Energy Efficient Risk-Free Protocol (ERP) for Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Pethe Rahul , Pethe Aachal
Published: February 2023

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have come to be seen as the fundamental architecture that paved the way for the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, a challenging problem develops when WSNs are connected to the IoT because of their nodes' high energy consumption and low network lifetime. As a result, the core concepts of WSNs include energy limits in sensor nodes, sensor data exchange, and routing protocols. The enhanced smart-energy-efficient routing protocol (ESEERP) presented in this study addresses the aforementioned shortcomings by extending the network's lifespan and enhancing connectivity. Since the Internet of Things (IoT) demands a significant amount of energy for sensing, processing, and data transport, the IoT application in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) poses substantial issues in maintaining network durability. As a result, multiple traditional algorithms incorporate different optimization techniques to improve the performance of WSN networks. We utilize IPv4 in wireless sensor networks to transmit data (packets), however, this strategy prevents users from accessing big amounts of data over long distances since it may need a lot of power to transmit large amounts of data using IPv4. The Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to solve this problem because it connects small battery-operated devices like sensors as well as consumer electronics and home appliances. One of the most often utilised wireless methods for sensor network connectivity is the IEEE 802.11 standard.
Uma abordagem histórica sobre os esforços da política e gestão na formação de professores de matemática e ciências no Brasil
Authors: De Lira Luiz Alberto Rocha
Published: February 2023

O Presente artigo visa apresentar por meio de uma abordagem estrutural-histórica alguns dos principais esforços da política pública e gestão na formação de professores nas áreas de Ciências e Matemática no Brasil abordando as iniciativas do Ministério da Educação e de Instituições de Ensino Superior visando à construção de estratégias formativas por meio de programas induzidos sob um modelo de gestão compartilhada. O estudo demonstra ainda, as iniciativas estaduais por meio da participação de centros de referência que foram criados especificamente para o desenvolvimento e melhoria do ensino de Ciências e Matemática e a sua atuação como multiplicadores regionais por meio da difusão das suas atividades.
DÖNEM FENN-İ HARBİ AÇISINDAN BİR EMRİN ANATOMİSİ: HATT-I MÜDAFAA YOKTUR, SATH-I MÜDAFAA VARDIR. O SATIH BÜTÜN VATANDIR…
Authors: ATILGAN Cem
Published: February 2023

Araştırmanın amacı, Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi’nde Başkomutan Mustafa Kemal Paşa tarafından verilmiş ünlü Sakarya emrinin anlamını ortaya koymaktır. Sakarya emri, Muharebe’nin en kritik zamanında verilmiş ve icrasıyla Muharebe’nin seyrini değiştirmiştir. Sakarya emri, basit bir müdafaa emri gibi görünmesine rağmen, içerdiği kavram ve teorilerin çeşitliliği ve kapsamlarının çok geniş olması sebebiyle, üzerinde ayrıntılı bir analiz yapmayı gerektirmektedir. Sakarya emrinin anlamsal denklemi incelendiğinde, Muharebe’de cereyan eden sakıncalı bazı askeri uygulamaları değiştirmek gayesiyle verildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bununla beraber, Muharebe’nin çok ötesinde, moral ve manevi bir boyutu ilgilendiren yönlendirmeler de mevcuttur. Buradan hareketle emrin hem stratejik/taktik bir boyutu hem de yüksek bir ideale ilişkin bir boyutunun olduğu varsayılabilir. Araştırma, emrin içerdiği savaş sanatının kural ve kaidelerini belirgin kılarak, emrin özüne ulaşmayı hedeflemiştir. Araştırma döneminde savaş sanatı, fenn-i harp olarak adlandırılıyordu ve hatırı sayılır bir literatür birikimi mevcuttu. Fakat bu literatür, XVIII. yüzyıldan itibaren sürekli gelişen Avrupa fenn-i harbinin bir birikimiydi. Bu sebeple Sakarya emrine gelene kadar Avrupa fenn-i harbin izi sürülmüş ve araştırma dönemine olan yansımaları belirgin kılınmıştır. En sonunda, Sakarya emrinin üzerinde yükseldiği askeri teori ortaya konarak, Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Sakarya emrinde Ordusuna anlatmaya çalıştığı niyet ve maksat ifade edilmiştir.
Rotas para potenciais ganhos na eficiência energética e na gestão hídrica e na busca de reduções na intensidade de emissões da indústria brasileira de celulose e papel
Authors: Berni Mauro Donizetti , Mathias Flávio Roberto , Bajay Sergio Valdir
Published: February 2023

Neste trabalho foram analisados dados recentes de consumo específico de energia e de água, e de intensidade de emissões na produção de celulose de mercado e de papel, em fábricas de celulose, fábricas de papel e em plantas integradas. Utilizando tais dados, junto com estatísticas de desempenho das melhores tecnologias e práticas disponíveis no mercado, são estimados potenciais técnicos de melhorias nas plantas brasileiras em relação a estes três indicadores. Medidas que podem concretizar esses potenciais são mencionados no trabalho, com destaque para as que proporcionam ganhos em mais de um desses indicadores. Novos programas governamentais que podem aumentar os ganhos nesses três tipos de indicadores também são propostos aqui.
Cadeias de valor e modelos de negócio de recarga de veículos elétricos e o papel das concessionárias de energia
Authors: Ávila Ismael , Shiratori Monique , Marques Marcos , Rissi Guilherme
Published: February 2023

O artigo descreve o contexto e os modelos de negócio das recargas pagas de veículos elétricos em locais públicos, na Europa e nos EUA, mercados mais avançados na mobilidade elétrica. A discussão busca delinear possíveis cenários desse serviço no Brasil e possíveis papéis a serem desempenhados pelos vários atores nesse ecossistema nascente, em especial as empresas do setor elétrico. O estudo destaca as principais características e tendências da recarga elétrica, identifica as cadeias de valor, os principais atores, bem como modelos de negócio atuais e futuros.
Avaliação da hibridização de usinas participantes do Mecanismo de Realocação de Energia (MRE) para gerenciamento de riscos
Authors: Passos Gomes Rebeka , Sena Fabiola , Cormane Angarita Jorge Andrés
Published: February 2023

Dada a relevância da discussão sobre empreendimentos híbridos, a Resolução Normativa nº 954/2021, considerada o marco regulatório para a geração híbrida, modifica o arcabouço normativo vigente ao incorporar os conceitos de Centrais Geradoras Híbridas (UGHs) e Centrais Geradoras Associadas. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de dimensionamento de sistemas híbridos (Hídricos - Solar fotovoltaico) usada como uma estratégia de gerenciamento de riscos por meio da diversificação da composição de portfólios. Para isso, tem-se como base as expectativas de variação do Generation Scaling Factor (GSF) e os novos critérios para a sazonalização da garantia física para fins de alocação de energia no Mecanismo de Realocação de Energia (MRE), estabelecidos pela Resolução n° 899/2020. Os resultados revelam que a metodologia proposta tem potencial para contribuir com a proteção contra as exposições financeiras em decorrência da dinâmica dos cenários de GSF. Entretanto, verifica-se que, devido às mudanças regulatórias e aos altos montantes de potência necessários a cobrir as exposições no Mercado de Curto Prazo (MCP), a viabilidade do dimensionamento da geração híbrida hídrica-solar fotovoltaica depende da disponibilidade do recurso energético na região do empreendimento híbrido, do tamanho e da performance das usinas. Portanto, variam para cada projeto. Dessa maneira, apesar dos benefícios intrínsecos a uma geração híbrida solar-hidrelétrica local, deve-se considerar uma avaliação da tipologia de portfólios comerciais de usinas híbridas, que também se configura como adequada para uma estratégia de gestão de riscos de preços de curto prazo por envolver apenas uma relação comercial-contratual, sem obrigatoriedade de proximidade física.
Estudo do impacto de geração das usinas hidrelétricas do Sistema Interligado Nacional por meio da análise de componentes principais
Authors: Aita Raquel , Detzel Daniel , Bessa Marcelo
Published: February 2023

O despacho hidrotérmico das usinas do Sistema Interligado Nacional é influenciado por uma imensa quantidade de parâmetros e variáveis. Visando otimizar a geração, frequentemente questiona-se quais usinas mais impactam o resultado, e quais as consequências causadas por determinadas simplificações do problema. Propondo a Análise de Componentes Principais como metodologia de estudo, este trabalho busca mensurar o peso de cada usina hidrelétrica (UHE) com capacidade de regularização intramensal, acrescidas das UHE Itaipu e UHE Belo Monte, na geração hidrelétrica otimizada resultante do Modelo LYNX. A aplicação do método obteve uma explicação de cerca de 90% da variância total pelas cinco primeiras componentes principais. Notavelmente, o contraste entre a análise feita sem as UHEs Belo Monte e Itaipu com as que estão inclusas ressalta o impacto que elas possuem frente as outras usinas do sistema. Ao final, foi possível concluir que as UHEs Belo Monte, Tucuruí e Itaipu apresentaram os maiores impactos na variância da geração final, nesta ordem.