bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
#TeamNatural: Black Hair and the Politics of Community in Digital Media
Authors: Gill Tiffany M.
Published: February 2016

Perhaps no aspect of black women’s corporality is more contested and debated than their hair. Social-media personalities of the self-described natural-hair community mediate complex and often contentious conversations about black women’s bodies and lives in the twenty-first century. Based on my previous research on black women and the politics of beauty culture in the twentieth century, I examine the ways that online natural-hair communities provide a rich archive for those who wish to take seriously the concerns of black women. Specifically, this essay discusses the ways in which community is defined, cultivated, and contested in the world of digital beauty, from my perspective as both a historian of black beauty culture and a participant in these online communities.
Facing Tamara & Tireka
Authors: Gaskins Bill
Published: February 2016

This essay is an account of the production of the most reproduced photograph from Good And Bad Hair: Photographs by Bill Gaskins, my monograph on the role of hair styling in American culture through the lives of African Americans. The essay also recalls and unpacks a number of extraordinary incidents in the life of the photograph and its reception. These incidents reveal how photographic representations of expressive black culture and people are often received and interpreted by viewers across the lines of race and class in problematic ways. The essay also connects the reception of this photograph to the history of photography, the history of the black photographic subject, and the challenge of relating to these images as representations of members of the human family.
Fashioning Black Masculinity: The Origins of the Dandy Lion Project
Authors: Lewis Shantrelle P.
Published: February 2016

The first comprehensive exhibition of contemporary global black dandyism of its kind, The Dandy Lion Project was born in November 2010 with the exhibition titled Dandy Lion: Articulating a Re(de)fined Black Masculinity. This exhibition was a discussion about the refashioning and articulation of black masculinity. For those unfamiliar with the phenomenon, the black dandy’s look is highly tailored. He is a rebel—a modern-day representation of the African trickster. His style and identity generally contradict the stereotypes, boxes, categories, and ideas that a society has about him. The dandy represents a complicated dance between race, gender, power, and style. Primarily, dandyism as a fashion trend was born in Europe during the Victorian and Edwardian periods. More specifically, the dandy is mostly a British construct who came into being in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but who simultaneously has French roots. He was classified as an individual whose self-importance, impeccable dress, and manners attract attention and afford status. A black dandy can be defined as a self-fashioned gentleman who intentionally appropriates classical European fashion with an African disaporan aesthetic and sensibilities. Ideally, the conversation sparked by this project will continue to challenge, evolve, and inform ideas of masculinity, class, gender, and sexuality.
Rulers, businessmen, suspicious people, institutions and corruption: the origin of chaos
Authors: De Oliveira Artur Gomes , Nunes Paulo Roberto de Carvalho , Oliveira Francisco Correia
Published: February 2016

Through the comparison between the actions and accomplishments of the Baron of Mauá at the time of the Brazilian Empire and some current events, like the links among suspected citizens, politicians and businessmen, this teaching case aims to highlight that institutions, whether formal or informal, have been playing a significant role in society and have, over time, been influenced by several events and people. The case serves as a pedagogical instrument to show, in practice, the applicability of theoretical concepts  in disciplines related to Theory of  Chaos, entry into new markets, Strategy (Resource-Based View, Industry-Based View, Institutions–Based View) and Governance.DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c10http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c10
Ocean Films: os desafios de uma empresa de production services
Authors: Matta João Ricardo Nobre , De Mello Renato Cotta , Bellini Luciana Penna
Published: February 2016

Com sede na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a Ocean Films é uma empresa em expansão, que atua no setor de economia criativa, no segmento de production services. Ela provê toda a infraestrutura necessária a produtoras de filmes cinematográficos, televisivos e publicitários. Criada para atender, exclusivamente, às demandas oriundas do mercado internacional, a empresa é líder nesse segmento no Brasil, e nos últimos dois anos passou a produzir, também, alguns poucos conteúdos para emissoras de TV nacionais. Hoje, ela se encontra diante de uma importante tomada de decisão com relação ao seu crescimento futuro: como expandir seus negócios internacionais? Deveria a empresa dedicar-se também ao mercado brasileiro? O caso destina-se a uso em programas de pós-graduação stricto e lato sensu, em disciplinas de Marketing Internacional, Empreendedorismo Internacional e Negócios Internacionais. Pode também ser utilizado em programas de executivos voltados para o setor de serviços e, especificamente, para o setor de audiovisual. DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c14http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2c14
Rulers, businessmen, suspicious people, institutions and corruption: the origin of chaos (Notas de Ensino)
Authors: De Oliveira Artur Gomes , Nunes Paulo Roberto de Carvalho , Oliveira Francisco Correia
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n10http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n10
Ocean Films: os desafios de uma empresa de production services (Notas de Ensino)
Authors: Matta João Ricardo Nobre , De Mello Renato Cotta , Bellini Luciana Penna
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n14http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n14
Amor à primeira vista: o desafio da licença maternidade dupla (Notas de Ensino)
Authors: Menegon Leticia Fantinato , Casado Tania
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n15http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n15
Desafios em infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação: obras de construção civil e movimentação de datacenter (Notas de Ensino)
Authors: De Moura Jr Pedro Jácome
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n16http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv5n2n16
Σχεδίασμα περι του γερο-Καρατάσου και της οικογενείας του
Authors: Χιονίδης Γεώργιος Χ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ανώτερα εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα εν Μακεδονία κατα τους αρχαίους χρόνους
Authors: Ανθεμίδης Αχιλλεύς Σ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Jacques Benoist Mechin, Alexander the Great: The Meeting of East and West
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασίλειος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ο "συμβουλετικός προς τους Θεσσαλονικείς" του Μανουήλ Παλαιολόγου
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασίλειος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Έγγραφα της ιεράς Μονής του Αγίου Διονυσίου αφορώντα εις αγνώστους ναούς της Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Η Αποκριά στο Βογατσικό
Authors: Τσούρκας Κωνσταντίνος , Κυριακίδης Στ. Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Η παρά την Γαλάτισταν μονή Αγίου Νικολάου
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Δεισιδαιμονίαι
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Gabriel Millet , La peinture du moyen âge en Yougoslavie
Authors: Ξυγγόπουλος Α.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Σ. Θ. Λάσκαρι, Διπλωματική ιστορία της συγχρόνου Ευρώπης (1914 - 1939)
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασίλειος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
André Xyngopoulos, Thessalonique et la peinture macédonienne
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασίλειος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
M. Lascaris, Survivances dans la toponymie de la Macédoine des "Francs" d' avant et après la IV Croisade
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Bernard Vonderlage, Aus mazedonische Bauernstuben. Mazedonische legenden, fabeln und märchen
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Αλεξάνδρου Δ. Ζάννα, Αναμνήσεις από τον Α' Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. Η παλινόστησις των ομήρων της Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας
Authors: Παπαστάθης Χαράλαμπος Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract 
Γεωργίου Μόδη, Ο Μακεδονικός Αγών και η νεώτερη Μακεδονική ιστορία
Authors: Παπουλίδης Κωνσταντίνος Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract 
Οι Έλληνες της Ρένσης κατά τας αρχάς του 20ου αιώνος: συμβολή εις την δημογραφικήν και οικονομικήν δομήν της Πελαγονικής κωμοπόλεως
Authors: Παπαστάθης Χαραλ. Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ο εκ Καστοριάς Νεομάρτυς Ιάκωβος: (1η Νοεβρίου 1519)
Authors: Γλαβίνας Απόστολος Αθ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Η συμβολή της Επισκοπής Πέτρας εις τα εθνικά και εκπαιδευτικά προβλήματα του ελληνισμού της περιοχής Ολύμπου (1890-1896)
Authors: Αγγελόπουλος Αθαν.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Büchernachlass von Dimitrios N. Darvaris für die Griechischen schulen in Ungran
Authors: Füves Ödön
Published: February 2016

No abstract
D. Mano-Zisi και Lj. B. Ροpονic, Novi Pazar, Ilirsko-Grcki Nalaz, 1844-1969
Authors: Πέτσας Φώτιος Μ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Jan Bouzek, Graeco-macedonian Bronzes, Analysis and Chronology
Authors: Πέτσας Φώτιος Μ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Το αρχείον των αδελφών Γραμματικού
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Δυο έγγραφα αφορώντα εις την Νέαν Μονήν Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Θεοχαρίδης Γ. Ι.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Εγκώμιον εις τον αρχιεπίστοπον Θεσσαλονίκης Γαβριήλ
Authors: Συνδίκα-Λαούρδα Λουίζα
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Η Κεντρική Σχολή Αλιστράτης
Authors: Γιομπλιάκης Αθανάσιος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Καταφυγή-Αχειροποίητος
Authors: Ξυγγόπουλος Α.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ανέκδοτον Φιρμάνιον της Μονής Βλαττάδων του έτους 1486
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ο Βυζαντινός ζωγράφος Καλλιέργης
Authors: Θεοχαρίδης Γ. Ι.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ο ζωγράφος της ιστορικής τοιχογραφίας εν τη βασιλική του Αγίου Δημητρίου Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Θεοχαρίδης Γ. Ι.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Recueil des travaux sur la protection des monuments historiques
Authors: Πελεκανίδης Σ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Christophoros Naltsas, Der San Stephano Vertrag und das Griechentum
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Αποστόλου Ε. Βακαλοπούλου, Οι Δυτικομακεδόνες απόδημοι επί Τουρκοκρατίας
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Μηνά Εμμ. Μαλούτα, Τα Σέρβια. Ιστορική και λαογραφική επισκόπησις
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Μιχαήλ Θ. Λάσκαρι, Το Ανατολικόν Ζήτημα. Τόμος Α' τεύχος Β' (μέχρι του 1878)
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Emannel Amand de Mendieta, Le mont Athos. La presqu' île des Caloyers
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Robert Lee Wolff, The Balkans in our Time
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Εστί της Πρασιάδος λίμνης σύντομος κάρτα ες την Μακεδονίην (Ηροδ. V, 17)
Authors: Παπαγεωργίου Μαρία Γ.
Published: February 2016

L’auteur fait un examen approfondi du passage d’Hérodote V, 17 et
conclut qu’ Hérodote parle de deux mines dont l’une se trouve entre le lac
Prasias et le mont Dysoron et l’autre c’est le même mont Dysoron. En ce
qui concerne le lac du passage, elle accepte qu’il s’agit du lac de Doirane et
ajoute que Dysoron doit être la chaîne qui s’élève de long le cours d’Axios,
du Hudova jusqu’ à «τό παρά θάλασσαν στεινόν χωρίον» (d’après Hérod.
VII, 123). Elle croit que sous la règne d’Amyntas 1er la partie du sud de cette
chaîne de monts, nommée Paikon, appartenait à la Macédoine, et en ajoutant
d’autres arguments toponymiques et géologiques, conclut que la route «σύντομος
κάρτα» passait à travers le Paikon septentrional.
Polychronis K. Enepekides, Griechische Handelsgesellschaften und Kaufleute in Wien aus dem Jahre 1766 (ein Konskriptionsbuch). Aus den Beständen des Wiener Haus, Hof, und Staatsarchivs
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Monica Krippner, Beyond Athens
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ν. Παπαχατζής, Monuments of Thessaloniki
Authors: Λαούρδας Βασ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Η Επανάστασις του 1854 εις την Χαλκιδικήν χερσόνησον
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Έγγραφα και άλλα σχετικά προς τον Μακεδονικόν Αγώνα εκ Βεροίας
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Δημοτικά άσματα του Μακεδονικού Αγώνος εις σλαβικόν ιδίωμα
Authors: Πάλλας Γεώργιος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Αθανασίου Θ. Τσακνάκη, Επανομή, ιστορία-λαογραφία, «Χρονικά της Χαλκιδικής»
Authors: Κωνσταντινίδης Ν. Α.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Γεωργίου Χ. Χιονίδη, Σύντομος ιστορία του Χριστιανισμού στη περιοχή της Βεροίας. (Ι. Επίσκοποι και μητροπολίτες. ΙΙ. Άγιοι και ξακουστοί κληρικοί. ΙΙΙ. Μοναστήρια. ΙV. Εκκλησίες)
Authors: Θεοχαρίδης Γ. Ι.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ιωάννου Κ. Βασδραβέλλη, Ο λιμήν της Θεσσαλονίκης
Authors: Θεοχαρίδης Γ. Ι.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Νικολάου Γ. Φίστα, Το Νυμφαίον. Συμβολή εις την μελέτην των Βλάχων
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Παύλου Γύπαρη, Ο καθρέπτης του Μακεδονικού αγώνος 1903-1909
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Δημητρίου Ι. Ευρυγένη, Ο Ίων Δραγούμης και ο Μακεδονικός Αγών
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Κωνστ. Λ. Κωνσταντινίδου, Έρευνα εν τη Άνω Μακεδονία περί της αρχαίας Ηρακλείας των Λυγκηστών
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Μιλτιάδου Ι. Παπαϊωάννου, Ο Θεόδωρος Ζιάκας και η Επανάσταση του 1854
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Γ. Αλεξάνδρου Λαυριώτου, Άθως. Αγώνες και θυσίαι. 1850-1855
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ιφιγενείας Διδασκάλου, Καστοριανά
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Νάση Αλευρά, Ο Φανός στην Κοζάνη (Λαογραφική μελέτη με όλα τα τραγούδια απ' το Φανό)
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Γ. Ι. Θεοχαρίδου, Οι ιδρυταί της εν Θεσσαλονίκη Μονής των Βλαττάδων. (Ανάτυπον εκ του τιμητικού τόμου εις τον Άγιον Γρηγόριον Παλαμάν 1359-1959)
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Γεωργίου Μόδη, Η Μακεδονία μας και η Μακεδονική Μειονότης. Διάλεξις
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Αντώνιος Κεραμόπουλλος (1870-1961)
Authors: Κυριακίδης Στίλπων Π.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Στρατιωτικαί Ακαδημίαι εν Μακεδονία από τους αρχαίους χρόνους μέχρι σήμερον
Authors: Ανθεμίδης Αχιλλεύς Σ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Οι ιθαγενείς Αγύπτιοι και ο εξελληνισμός των κατά τους παπύρους
Authors: Ελ Ραϊ Χουσεΐν Αμπντ-Ελ Αζιμ
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Ένας απόστολος της Φιλικής Εταιρείας, ο Ιωάσαφ Βυζάντιος (1773-1845), και η προεπαναστατική του δράση
Authors: Αρχοντίδης Αστέριος Α.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Συμπληρωματικές ειδήσεις για τον διάκονο Καλλίνικο Μάνιο από τη Βέροια
Authors: Φώσκολος Μάρκος
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Νεώτερες ειδήσεις για τον Ιωάννη Κωττούνιο (1572-1657)
Authors: Καραθανάσης Ιωάννης Ε.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Βλάχικη γυναικεία φορεσιά από το Χιονοχώρι Σερρών
Authors: Οικονομίδου Φωτεινή
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Remarques complémentaires à la nouvelle édition de l' oeuvre intitulee "Nea Hellas" de Georgios Zaviras
Authors: Füves Ödön
Published: February 2016

No abstract
N. G. L. Hammond, A history of Macedonia, vol. 1, Geography and Prehistory
Authors: Πέτσας Φώτιος Μ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Συμπληρωματικά για τον Πέτρο Παπαγεωργίου
Authors: Βασδραβέλλης Ι. Κ.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Μια ανέκδοτη επιστολή του Π. Μ. Κοντογιάννη περί Μακεδονίας
Authors: Παπαδόπουλος Στέφανος Ι.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
I. Κ. Βασδραβέλλη, Οι Μακεδόνες κατά την Επανάστασιν του 1821
Authors: Τσιρπανλής Ζ. Ν.
Published: February 2016

No abstract
Improvement of the Algorithm of Algebraic Constructive Logic Model
Authors: Хромушин  , Khromushin Oleg , Хромушин  , Khromushin Viktor , Китанина  , Kitanina K. , Федоров  , Fedorov S.
Published: February 2016

For many years, algebraic constructive logic model is used for multivariate analysis in medicine and biology. The classic version of this model includes the exclusion of contradictory accounts, i.e. when the target is achieved and not achieved in the presence of the same values of the factors. In this case, the lines as appropriate to achieving target, and its failure are removed, including significant proportions. Another feature of this algorithm is the partial overlap of the intervals to determine the factors resulting in components in achieving a target and not achieving despite the exclusion of contradictory accounts. The authors explain this by the fact that the classical algorithm generates the detection limits of the factors in resulting components with some capture values that are related to the lines of not achieving the target (up to inappropriate values). To some extent this reduces the accuracy of the mathematical model. A further feature of the algorithm is the necessary to optimize mathematical model by excluding re-coating lines. This is acceptable, but not optimal. This requires additional procedures at the final stage of formation of the mathematical model.

The proposed version of the algebraic model of constructive logic allows to eliminating the above drawbacks. This is achieved the measure of approximation and a way of combining the cases in the resulting components. The proposed algorithm was tested using specially designed software that allows to exclude controversial cases and to form a mathematical model. Testing showed that the proposed algorithm is better than the classic version and meets the objectives of multivariate analysis in medicine and biology.
Simulation of the Evolution of Pathological Processes in Parkinson´s Disease
Authors: Козлов  , Kozlov A. , Даянова  , Dayanova D. , Добрынина  , Dobrynina Irina , Умаров  , Umarov B.
Published: February 2016

In medicine, there are very large numbers of models of different pathological processes. Thus, models of the evolution of pathologies, in particular, in the clinic of nervous diseases absent altogether. This work presents an example of mathematical modeling the development of pathology in the human body in the form of transition from postural tremor to periodic tremor Parkinson´s and further to a rigid form. The appearance of periodicity in the characteristics of the neuromuscular system corresponds to the pathological phenomenon, for example, Parkinson´s disease. The authors note the similarity of tapping in relatively healthy person with a tremor of a patient with Parkinson´s disease from the position of the phase portraits. At high excitations from the striatum in patients with Parkinson´s disease (in models is Ш=410 u.e.) in the cluster of the neuromuscular system comes rigid phase and in the effector system there is a severe form of parkinsonism, the muscles can no longer perform any movements. In this case the timebase activity of effector organs moves in a steady mode and takes some constant value. The simulation results suggest the high consistency of the obtained results with real signals recorded by the subjects in different conditions. For various indicators of the functional systems of the human body, it is necessary to find the coefficients b and ud directionally.
Clinical and Laboratory Analysis of the Self-Adhesive Composite Effectiveness in the Treatment of Caries Grade II on Black
Authors: Малыхина  , Malykhina I. , Шумилович  , Shumilovich B. , Воробьева  , Vorobeva Yu. , Чертовских  , Chertovskikh A.
Published: February 2016

Class II cavities on Black is the most common widespread pathology of dental hard tissues. Due to the limited visual inspection diagnosis of these cavities is often difficult. For this reason, considerable difficulties arise when fillings. The most common errors of standard methods of sealing - the hanging edge of the composite, or the presence of gaps in incomplete filling in around the gingival area of the tooth.Clinical observations do not allow an adequate assessment of the quality of sealing and marginal adaptation of the composite immediately after treatment. This requires laboratory monitoring, the results of which would help to develop an optimal strategy and methodology of restoration of such cavities. The article presents the research results of the marginal integrity of composite at the sealing contact surfaces of chewing teeth. Laboratory studies were conducted using scanning electron microscopy and the fluorescent spec-tro-colorimetry of enamel. Standard restoration techniques do not provide reliable sealing of the enamel on aproximatly the surface of carious cavity, which was confirmed by clinical observations. For the first time, the developed authors´ technique of sealing the П class according to Black self-adhering flowable composite Vertise Flow according to clinical and laboratory methods of research provides qualitative edge adhesion and adhesion of the composite.
Ion-Molecular Memory Model. Memorizing
Authors: Герасимов  , Gerasimov I. , Яшин  , Yashin A.
Published: February 2016

This article is from the series on the creation of ion-molecular models of memory, dedicated memorizing, i.e., the process of storing information in memory. The authors believe that the process of memorizing is carried out by images, and for the physical model, the question is the theory of soliton-holographic system. The process of memorizing is implemented in the structural changes of molecules and sub-molecular structures, and the way memory is formed during a finite time. The quality memorization requires multiple copies, for example, fractal, soliton-holographic and other images. The authors reviewed more "thin" issues, the specific implementation of the memory. The authors present one of the possible variants of memorizing in the framework of ion-molecular memory model. The concept of memorizing is discussed below in the duality of memory: memorizing and its retrieving as system duality of the mechanism of memory. Regarding the actual images memorizing, we are talking about a set of specific characters, which allow an adequate degree of accuracy to recover memory when retrieving from memory the stored image. The actual process of memorizing is realized in the process of structural transformations of molecular and sub-molecular structures, as a result of certain physic and chemical interactions. Such changes are to be under any influences from the external environment through the senses and evolution in the internal environment. Here the authors emphasize the electromagnetic basis of processes of memorizing and memory, i.e., electrical signals from neurons to structural elements of the library memory. It is important to emphasize that the (real) memorizing not all the information, but only volume that allows to restoring it completely, saves space and time needed to remember.
The Status of Microvascular Reactivity in Infertile and Fertile Patients with Chronic Prostatitis
Authors: Полунин  , Polunin A. , Садретдинов  , Sadretdinov R. , Воронина  , Voronina L.
Published: February 2016

The study covered 280 patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) on the background of sexually

transmitted infections. Patients with chronic prostatitis were divided into 2 patient groups: infertile males

(140) and fertile males (140). The control group consisted of 50 somatically healthy males of a reproductive

age. To assess the functional state of skin microvessels in the projection of the prostate gland, the authors

used the method of laser Doppler flowmetry supplemented by iontophoretic probes with sodium nitroprusside

and acetylcholine. It has been proved that the development of infertility in patients with chronic prostatitis

is associated with a number of microvascular disorders. In the infertile male group with chronic prostatitis

the authors observed a marked inflammatory hyperemia and a decrease in the microvascular response

to a sympathetic and tonic stimulation. Not only was the direct microvascular vasodilation under the influence

of sodium nitroprusside reduced, but the production of their own vasodilators under the influence of

acetylcholine as well, indicating the development of endothelial dysfunction. The peculiarity of the microvascular

endothelial reaction to iontophoresis of endothelium‐dependent vasodilator (acetylcholine) in the

infertile patients with chronic prostatitis was the slowdown of the development of vasodilation with its

quicker cessation, unlike the fertile patients who, on the contrary, developed vasodilation faster than the

control group.
The Aexperience of the Organization and the Screening of Pregnant Women for the Purpose of Detecting Sexually Transmitted Infections, in the Framework of the Regional Program of the Tula Region
Authors: Анисимова  , Anisimova N. , Долгова  , Dolgova T. , Суханова  , Sukhanova L. , Руднева  , Rudneva N. , Гущин  , Gushchin A.
Published: February 2016

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a negative impact on the reproductive health of

women, complicate pregnancy, leading to ante ‐ and perinatal losses, worsen demographic situation. The

greatest role in the development of complications due to STIs is given a chlamydial, gonococcal, Trichomonas,

Mycoplasma, infections, which often lead to miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, prenatal rupture of

amniotic membranes, to the birth of a child with low birth weight, intrauterine infections, postnatal endometritis.

Organization of massive screening of pregnant women for early STIs detection is a relevant problem of

public health. The use of modern methods of molecular diagnostics with the use of multiprime research allows

to examining the greatest number of pregnant women in a short time. Early STIs diagnosis in pregnant

women, timely treatment of infected women provides an opportunity to prevent complications during preg nancy and neonatal period. In this study the analysis of the prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, Trichomonas

and Mycoplasma infection among pregnant women of the Tula region and the comparison the effectiveness

of diagnosing gonorrhea and Trichomonas infections in microscopic and molecular‐biological research

as a result of the screening in the framework of realization of the regional program were carried out.
The Effects of Individual Vitamin and Mineral Complex on Some Parameters of Physical Capacity and Blood Oxidative Metabolism in Athletes
Authors: Мартусевич  , Martusevich A. , Карузин  , Karuzin K.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this work was the estimation of the effects of the individual technology of metabolic

correction on the parameters of the physical capacity and blood oxidative processes in athletes. The

authors studied physical capacity indexes and blood oxidative metabolism (by total antioxidant capacity and

activity of superoxide dismutase) in 24 athletes of main group (with vitamin and mineral complex) and 30

sportsmen, which got a placebo. It was stated the positive effect of investigated complex on the physical capacity,

is realized through the directed optimization of the blood oxidative metabolism, first of all – antioxidant

enzymes.
Mandatory Standards and Organizational Information Security
Authors: Lee Chul Ho , Geng Xianjun , Raghunathan Srinivasan
Published: February 2016

Mandatory security standards that force firms to establish minimum levels of security controls are enforced in many domains, including information security. The information security domain is characterized by multiple intertwined security controls, not all of which can be regulated by standards, but compliance with existing security standards is often used by firms to deflect liability if a security breach occurs. We analyze a stylized setting where a firm has two security controls that are linked in either a serial or a parallel configuration. One control is directly regulated by a security standard, whereas the other one is not. We show that a higher security standard does not necessarily lead to a higher firm security. Furthermore, the conditions under which a higher standard hurts the firm security are sharply different in the two—serial and parallel—configurations. If standard compliance leads to reduced liability for a firm following a breach, such liability reduction in turn weakens the tie between the standard and firm security. Under a setting in which the firm meets the optimal standard set by a policy maker, both firm security and social welfare are higher when the damage to the firm following a breach takes a higher share of the total damage to social welfare, and also when the firm takes a larger share of liability.
Rectangular Sets of Probability Measures
Authors: Shapiro Alexander
Published: February 2016

In this paper we consider the notion of rectangularity of a set of probability measures from a somewhat different point of view. We define rectangularity as a property of dynamic decomposition of a distributionally robust stochastic optimization problem and show how it relates to the modern theory of coherent risk measures. Consequently, we discuss robust formulations of multistage stochastic optimization problems in frameworks of stochastic programming, stochastic optimal control, and Markov decision processes.
Revalidation and the new NMC registration process
Authors: Myatt Rebecca
Published: February 2016

Changes to the re-registration process will affect all nurses, including those in the cardiac environment. The new revalidation format set out by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) replaces the need for renewal of registration set out in the PREP (Post Registration Education and Practice Standards) Handbook ( NMC, 2011 ). It is scheduled for introduction in April 2016. From that date, all nurses and midwives registered with the NMC will be required to have completed a minimum of 450 practice hours, 35 continuing professional development hours, and undertaken five written pieces of reflection on practice, as well as receiving practice-related feedback and confirmation of all of these activities from a third party. This article aims to summarise the background to these changes, as well as provide an overview of the process and requirements of the new format that will be introduced this year. It is hoped that it may help to prepare cardiac and other nurses for the new NMC registration process.
An update on the use of implantable loop recorders
Authors: Gilmore Mark , Anderson Mark
Published: February 2016

Implantable loop recorders are small electronic devices placed subcutaneously in order to provide long-term monitoring of cardiac rhythm. They are commonly used in the investigation of syncope. Newer devices with more functionality and reduced size have become available leading to the extension of their role in other clinical scenarios. With the newest devices in particular, it has been suggested that nurses or physiologists may take on the role of implantation and that this may lead to significant cost savings. This article surveys the current available technologies in the field of long-term cardiac monitoring and reviews the literature pertaining to their use.
Healthcare law and ethics, 1: a general introduction
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: February 2016

Healthcare law and healthcare ethics are major aspects of the working lives of all healthcare professionals, including healthcare assistants (HCAs) and, given the nature of the healthcare world in which these healthcare professionals work, are likely to be increasingly important.

This new series on healthcare law and healthcare ethics will explore the relevance and importance of such law and ethics within the working lives of HCAs. This first article aims to set the scene.
The NHS Wales Skills and Career Framework for Healthcare Support Workers
Authors: Callaghan Tessa , Groves Krysia , Hargest Liz , Middlemiss Charlette
Published: February 2016

Workforce Education and Development Services (WEDS) supports NHS Wales and the Welsh Government to ensure Wales has a skilled workforce that meets the demands of modern healthcare. It has developed an important workforce resource to support and ensure that HCSWs in Wales are highly skilled and fully competent to deliver care to patients/service users.

Welsh Government minister for health and social services, Mark Drakeford AM, launched the academically accredited Skills and Career Framework for Healthcare Support Workers (HCSWs) in November 2015. The framework supports HCSWs, from initial induction, through their career progression, to retirement. It will be introduced across NHS Wales from April 2016 for all new HCSWs, and will be mandated for all existing HCSWs from 2018. Corporate and clinical induction will now have to be successfully completed before any newly recruited HCSW can start working in a clinical area.
Blood transfusion: patient identification and empowerment
Authors: Stout Lynn , Joseph Sundari
Published: February 2016

Positive patient identification is pivotal to several steps of the transfusion process; it is integral to ensuring that the correct blood is given to the correct patient. If patient misidentification occurs, this has potentially fatal consequences for patients. Historically patient involvement in healthcare has focused on clinical decision making, where the patient, having been provided with medical information, is encouraged to become involved in the decisions related to their individualised treatment. This article explores the aspects of patient contribution to patient safety relating to positive patient identification in transfusion. When involving patients in their care, however, clinicians must recognise the diversity of patients and the capacity of the patient to be involved. It must not be assumed that all patients will be willing or indeed able to participate. Additionally, clinicians' attitudes to patient involvement in patient safety can determine whether cultural change is successful.
Palliative care for advanced dementia in Japan: knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Miyamoto Yuki
Published: February 2016

This study examined factors contributing to the knowledge and attitudes of nursing home staff regarding palliative care for advanced dementia in Japan. A cross-sectional survey of 275 nurses and other care workers from 74 long-term care facilities was conducted across three prefectures in August 2014. The Japanese versions of the Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD) and Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying scale, Form B (FATCOD-B-J) were used. Greater knowledge was exhibited among nursing home staff in facilities that established a manual for end-of-life care. Higher levels of positive attitudes were observed among nursing home staff in facilities that had established a manual and those in facilities with a physician's written opinions on end-of-life care. An organisational effort should be explored to establish end-of-life care policies among nursing home staff for advanced dementia.
A non-comparative evaluation of a chitosan gelling fibre
Authors: Orig Rommel , Singleton Joseph
Published: February 2016

An evaluation of chitosan gelling fibre dressing (KytoCel, Aspen Medical) was undertaken by tissue viability nurses in a large acute trust from December 2014—May 2015. The aim of this evaluation was to examine whether the gelling-fibre dressing can improve healing outcomes—reduction of bioburden and promotion of wound healing in both acute and chronic wounds that are infected or critically colonised. A total of 20 patients were recruited with acute and other complex wounds where wound infection was already established, or an excessive wound bioburden was delaying healing. Wound swabs were taken before and after dressing application between days 1, 3, 5 and 11 when clinically indicated, or at the surgical and medical teams' request. No more than two sets of swabs were taken in all patients. The evaluation incorporated three main criteria: patient baseline data, dressing performance, and patient perspective. Key findings were a significant reduction in wound size; rapid improvement of the quality of granulation tissue in 11 patients (55%), the reduction of the wound bioburden, and malodour combined with effective exudate management. The investigators also wanted to establish if there was a significant reduction in the identified bacteria from the initial wound swab results. Some patients were on systemic antibiotic therapy, their reduction in bacteria species may also be related to secondary dressings used. More robust investigation may be required to establish if the bacterial reduction was a result of the primary dressing.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant
Authors: Fowler John
Published: February 2016

John Fowler, independent education consultant, continues his series for clinical nurses hoping to share their experiences with a wider audience, with advice on developing a potential article for a professional journal
Safety standards for invasive procedures and use of anaesthesia
Authors: Tingle John
Published: February 2016

John Tingle discusses two reports that look at safety where invasive procedures are performed in operating theatres and other procedural areas elsewhere
The inconvenient truth: too few nurses
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: February 2016

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse at Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, considers the bewildering lack of joined-up thinking over nurse recruitment—and its implications for frontline care in the NHS
Essential but not always available
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: February 2016

The government has asked early years settings to promote British values; these lend themselves to various activities based on a wider appreciation of World Water Day.
Fruit & Veg: Y is for Yams…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: February 2016

This month, we continue our extended adventure around the alphabetical vegetables and fruits of the world by taking a look at the knobbly tuber that is a worldwide favourite.
Adding extra support
Authors: Redmond Imelda
Published: February 2016

Childminder agencies are coming into their own and have a lead role to play in the modernisation of childcare, says Imelda Redmond CBE, chief executive, 4Children.
Running with role-play
Authors: Jones Julia
Published: February 2016

Children love to dress up and every good quality setting will have a wide range of costumes and outfits available, but, as an adult, is your role simply to provide the resources for play?
Making your theatre of dreams
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: February 2016

The second in a series that will explore puppets and puppet play. During the course of the series we will make puppets, create a stage/scene, and write and put on a play.
Time to get creative with exercise
Authors: Green Sandy , Green Jake
Published: February 2016

In the fourth of a series of extracts, we examine the importance of movement skills for young children and ways of introducing them to some appropriate sporting activities.
Late costal osteomyelitis with a cutaneous fistula after flame burns: a case report
Authors: Gaucher S. , Bobbio A. , Mansuet-Lupo A. , Hamelin-Canny E. , Hautier A. , Nicolas C. , Alifano M.
Published: February 2016

Chest wall defects are an unusual complication of burn injury, generally seen after high-voltage electrical burns. Here we report the case of a 57-year-old man who developed costal chondritis and osteomyelitis 23 months after flame injury, which covered 50% of the total body surface area. Management included the resection of two ribs and coverage with an omental flap, overlaid by a split-thickness skin graft during the same surgical procedure.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Photoacoustic imaging of real-time oxygen changes in chronic leg ulcers after topical application of a haemoglobin spray: a pilot study
Authors: Petri M. , Stoffels I. , Jose J. , Leyh J. , Schulz A. , Dissemond J. , Schadendorf D. , Klode J.
Published: February 2016

Objective:

To use a non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation in chronic leg ulcers after the application of a topical haemoglobin spray to investigate if photoacoustic tomography is able to measure the oxygen saturation and if the stimulated oxygen increase can be demonstrated.

Method:

We measured the oxygen saturation of the ulcer tissue in five patients with chronic leg ulcers before application and 5 and 20 minutes after application of the haemoglobin spray, using photoacoustic tomography as a new method to assess oxygenation in real-time.

Results:

The average oxygen saturation showed a significant increase from 56.4% before to 69% (p=0.042) after 5 minutes and 78.8% (p=0.043) 20 minutes after the topical haemoglobin application.

Conclusion:

The oxygenation status of chronic, hard-to-heal wounds is gaining increasing interest in modern wound therapy. Topical haemoglobin spray is a new and effective method to increase the oxygenation in the ulcer tissue, but until now the link between clinical results and the mode of action was unclear. We were able to show for the first time that the use of a topical haemoglobin spray leads to an increase in oxygen saturation in vivo using photoacoustic tomography.

Declaration of interest:

Joachim Dissemond received financial support from the company SastoMed for several scientific projects as well as for lectures and as an advisor. The haemoglobin spray was provided by SastoMed GmbH (Georgsmarienhütte, Germany).
Healing of chronic sickle cell disease-associated foot and ankle wounds using transdermal continuous oxygen therapy
Authors: Massenburg B. B. , Himel H. N.
Published: February 2016

Objective

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex cause of capillary stasis that can lead to lower extremity venous ulcers. Since SCD is characterised by impaired oxygen delivery that can be exacerbated by lower extremity venous stasis, we sought to determine if direct delivery of oxygen to a lower extremity ulcer associated with SCD could augment healing.

Method

We performed a pilot study of a portable device that delivers oxygen directly to the wound site to assess this possibility. The device was assessed in a single patient with three longstanding wounds of the lower extremities associated with SCD: the lateral right ankle, the medial aspect of the distal left leg, and the dorsal left foot. The left leg and left foot wounds received 15 weeks of treatment each.

Results

Both left lower extremity wounds healed, and neither wound has relapsed in the 42 months since the treatment was completed. At 36 months from the completion of treatment, the patient presented to the hospital with renal failure, and with the 27 days of complete bed rest and wound elevation, the right ankle wound shrunk to 55% of the original wound surface area. Transdermal oxygen appears to have assisted in healing and to have provided a sustained benefit that has delayed relapse of the two SCD-associated leg ulcers that received an extended course of treatment. Similarly, complete bed rest appears to aid in the healing of SCD-associated leg ulcers. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism of action and the optimal method of use of the transdermal continuous oxygen delivery device for SCD-associated lower extremity ulcers.

Declaration of interest:

No competing financial interests exist for any author. The content of this article was expressly written by the authors listed. No ghostwriters were used to write this article.
Comparative characterization of Macaranga species collected from secondary forests in East Kalimantan for biorefinery of unutilized fast growing wood
Authors: AMIRTA RUDIANTO , NAFITRI SYAFFIYA ISNU , WULANDARI RETNO , YULIANSYAH YULIANSYAH , SUWINARTI WIWIN , CANDRA KRISHNA PURNAWAN , WATANABE TAKASHI
Published: February 2016

Amirta R, Nafitri SI, Wulandari R, Yuliansyah, Suwinarti W, Candra KP, Watanabe T. 2016. Comparative characterization of Macaranga species collected from secondary forests in East Kalimantan for biorefinery of unutilized fast growing wood. Biodiversitas 17: 116-123. Wood species for industrial forest plantation has been selected to produce construction wood materials, boards and papers,and unutilized fast growing wood as a source for biofuel production has been out of the scope for selection. Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae)Â 

is widely distributed in the tropics and importance of the genus has been recognized due to its high level of growth rateand adaptability to constitute forest ecosystem. However, potency of the genus as a source for bioethanol production has not beensystematically studied. We herein first report differential properties of six Macaranga wood species collected in East Kalimantan,Indonesia, as a raw feedstock for enzymatic saccharification for bioethanol production. Among the wood species examined, the highestsugar yield 48.6% (weight of original wood basis), which corresponds to 315 mL ethanol/kg biomass, was obtained with 5.0% NaOH at 160ÂºC for M. hypoleuca. Significant differences in the sensitivity to alkaline concentration and temperature have been found among the species. A high sugar yield, 40.4% was obtained for M. winkleri with a low alkaline concentration, 3.5% NaOH at 150ÂºC, while M. motleyana gave the sugar yield 12.8% under the same condition. M. motleyana required a set of the conditions with higher NaOH concentration 5.0% and temperatures over 160ÂºC. The harsh condition with 5.0% NaOH at 170ÂºC promoted delignification of all the species but M. hypoleuca decreased the saccharification yield by raising the temperature from 160ÂºC to 170ÂºC, probably due to decomposition of carbohydrate cores. This temperature-dependent negative effect was not observed with 3.5% NaOH for M. hypoleuca. These results indicate that differences in the balance between disintegration effects and excess degradation of carbohydrates are differentÂ among the species and the variation should be taken into account on screening. Thus, we found a wide range of diversity in the susceptibility to alkaline pretreatment in the genus Macaranga and selected the wood species giving high productivity of fermentable sugars.