bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of children born with low birthweight and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Iai Yuki , Shimakawa Shuichi , Fukui Miho , Okumura Tomohito , Tsuda‐Kitahara Hikaru , Ashida Akira
Published: July 2022

Background

We aimed to compare the profile of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV) between Japanese schoolchildren born very preterm (VP) and with very low birthweight (VLBW) and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to identify the specific neurocognitive characteristics of VLBW/VP children.

Methods

The VLBW/VP group in the present study included 50 (19 male, 31 female) first‐ to third‐grade elementary school children born between January 2008 and February 2013 at Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital and Saiseikai Suita Hospital with birthweights <1,500 g and <32 gestational weeks. The ADHD group included 18 (13 male, 5 female) first‐ to third‐grade elementary school children who visited Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital between January 2019 and October 2021. Full‐scale intelligence quotient scores, four indices, and 12 subtests of the WISC‐IV were calculated for all participants and compared between the VLBW/VP and ADHD groups. We assessed whether the patients' clinical history was associated with a low score on the cancellation task in the VLBW/VP group.

Results

The WISC‐IV profiles showed similar between‐group patterns, and the VLBW/VP group had lower cancellation task scores than the ADHD group.

Conclusions

This is the first study to compare WISC‐IV profiles between VLBW/VP children and those with ADHD. Further investigation is needed on the association between academic performance and the score of the cancellation task, and the neural mechanism of low performance for cancellation tasks in VLBW/VP children.
Forever fitting feelings
Authors: Howard Christopher
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses a recent puzzle in the ethics of emotions concerning the fitting duration of emotions. On the one hand, many of our emotions tend to fade with time and can seem to do so fittingly. Think of attitudes like anger, grief, and regret. On the other hand, it's difficult to see how it could be fitting for these feelings to fade since the facts that make them fitting can seem to persist. This is the puzzle in brief; that of explaining how certain feelings can fittingly fade with time. This paper argues that this puzzle has no general solution: in a wide range of true‐to‐life cases our fitting feelings remain fitting forever, until the day that we die. I conclude by exploring the normative significance of this result and its implications for the ethics of attitudes more generally.
Crowdsourced order‐fulfillment policies using in‐store customers
Authors: Dayarian Iman , Pazour Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Omni‐channel services, such as buy‐online‐pick‐up‐from‐store, transfer the in‐store logistics once completed by shoppers to retailers. To cost‐effectively meet the high demands for such pickup services, we introduce a crowdsourced order‐fulfillment policy that deploys in‐store customers to pick items for online orders while completing their own personal shopping. As opposed to existing store fulfillment policies, this new concept utilizes in‐store customers to help, not constrain, dedicated pickers. Empirical data indicate that a high percentage of surveyed in‐store shoppers would be willing to occasionally participate in such a program. In‐store customers willing to participate were observed to be heterogeneous in their efforts, with variability in how much extra time they would be willing to provide and would prefer picking tasks that had only a small deviation from their personal shopping. Motivated by these empirical results, the decision problem of how to assign picking tasks for arriving online orders with a given service commitment, to a set of arriving in‐store customers or an abundant set of dedicated pickers, was formalized to capture the uncertainty and heterogeneity of using in‐store customers for in‐store picking tasks. We propose a tractable decision‐making methodology to determine whether an order will meet both service commitment feasibility and in‐store customer availability with a probability at least equal to a target threshold. This method captures dynamic order placements and in‐store customer arrivals and stochasticity in in‐store customers' shopping baskets. Extensive computational experiments for varying operational conditions of a grocery store dynamically matching actual online orders to arriving in‐store customers helps answer open questions from practitioners. Compensating in‐store customers based on their additional efforts reduced costs of fulfillment by greater than 30%, on average, compared to a baseline that uses only dedicated pickers for store fulfillment. Using the past five shopping baskets of participating in‐store customers to estimate assignment decisions can achieve both high online order service commitments and in‐store customer availability requirements. Our results suggest that in‐store customers should be assigned smaller orders than dedicated pickers.
The recognition and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in early Alzheimer's disease: a qualitative study among Dutch memory clinic physicians
Authors: Eikelboom Willem S. , Lazaar Najoua , van Bruchem‐Visser Rozemarijn L. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco U.S. , Coesmans Michiel , Ossenkoppele Rik , van den Berg Esther , Papma Janne M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Timely recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia may improve quality of life, reduce caregiver burden, and delay disease progression. However, management of NPS in early AD dementia remains challenging. To date, little is known about the specific challenges for memory clinic‐based physicians. The aims of this qualitative study were to obtain insights regarding the recognition and treatment of NPS in AD dementia in the memory clinic, to identify challenges experienced by physicians while managing NPS, and to examine the attitudes of memory clinic physicians on the role of the memory clinic in the care for NPS in early AD dementia.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 physicians working at a memory clinic in the Netherlands (n = 7 neurologist,n = 6 geriatrician, 46% female). The data were analyzed by two independent researchers using thematic analysis.

Results

We observed large variation among Dutch memory clinic physicians regarding care practices, expertise, and attitudes on the role of the memory clinic considering NPS in AD dementia. The most prominent challenges that memory clinic physicians experienced while managing NPS included that the outpatient setting complicates the recognition and treatment of NPS, a lack of experience, knowledge, and/or resources to adequately apply non‐pharmacological interventions, and a lack of consensus among physicians on the role of the memory clinic in NPS recognition and management.

Conclusions

We identified challenges that need to be addressed to improve the early recognition and adequate management of NPS in AD dementia at the memory clinic.
The neural stability of perception–motor representations affects action outcomes and behavioral adaptation
Authors: Yu Shijing , Mückschel Moritz , Hoffmann Sven , Bluschke Annet , Pscherer Charlotte , Beste Christian
Published: July 2022

Actions can fail – even though this is well known, little is known about what distinguishes neurophysiological processes preceding errors and correct actions. In this study, relying on the Theory of Event Coding, we test the assumption that only specific aspects of information coded in EEG activity are relevant for understanding processes leading to response errors. We examined N = 69 healthy participants who performed a mental rotation task and combined temporal EEG signal decomposition with multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and source localization analyses. We show that fractions of the EEG signal, primarily representing stimulus–response translation (event file) processes and motor response representations, are essential. Stimulus representations were less critical. The source localization results revealed widespread activity modulations in structures including the frontopolar, the middle and superior frontal, the anterior cingulate cortex, the cuneus, the inferior parietal cortex, and the ventral stream regions. These are associated with differential effects of the neural dynamics preceding correct/erroneous responses. The temporal‐generalization MVPA showed that event file representations and representations of the motor response were already distinct 200 ms after stimulus presentation and this lasted till around 700 ms. The stability of this representational content was predictive for the magnitude of posterror slowing, which was particularly strong when there was no clear distinction between the neural activity profile of event file representations associated with a correct or an erroneous response. The study provides a detailed analysis of the dynamics leading to an error/correct response in connection to an overarching framework on action control.
How we built a hospital‐based community whole blood program
Authors: Addams Joel , Arbabi Saman , Bulger Eileen M. , Stansbury Lynn G. , Tuott Erin E. , Hess John R.
Published: July 2022

Background

Whole blood (WB) is an attractive product for prehospital treatment of hemorrhagic shock and for initial in‐hospital resuscitation of patients likely to require massive transfusion. Neither our regional blood provider nor our hospital blood bank had recent experience collecting or using WB, so we developed a stepwise process to gather experience with WB in clinical practice.

Methods

When our Transfusion Committee suggested a WB program, we worked with our regional blood provider to collect cold‐stored, leukoreduced, low‐titer anti‐A, and anti‐B group O RhD positive WB (low‐titer group O WB [LTOWB]) and worked with our city Fire Department to integrate it into prehospital care. This work required planning, development of protocols, writing software for blood bank and electronic medical records, changes in paramedic scope of practice, public information, training of clinicians, and close clinical follow‐up.

Results

Between June 2019 and December 2021, we received 2269 units of LTOWB and transfused 2220 units; 24 (1%) were wasted, two were withdrawn, and 23 were in stock at the end of that time. Most (89%) were transfused to trauma patients. Usage has grown from 48 to 120 units/month, covers all 5 Fire Districts in the county, and represents about ¼ of all hospital trauma blood product use.

Conclusions

Developing a WB program is complex but can be started slowly, including both pre‐hospital and hospital elements, and expanded as resources and training progress. The investments of time, effort, and funding involved can potentially improve care, save blood bank and nursing effort, and reduce patient charges.
Blood biomarkers for canine cancer, from human to veterinary oncology
Authors: Colombe Philippe , Béguin Jérémy , Benchekroun Ghita , Le Roux Delphine
Published: July 2022

In recent decades, interest in circulating tumour biomarkers is increasing both in human and veterinary oncology. An ideal tumour biomarker would allow early diagnosis of neoplasia, identify it specifically, accurately, establish a prognosis and predict its behaviour, especially regarding different therapeutic solutions. It would also allow to monitor its evolution over time and all this in a non‐invasive and inexpensive way. Actually, no biomarkers meeting all of these criteria have been identified in veterinary medicine, particularly due to a lack of specificity of the main protein tumour biomarkers studied to date. However, great hope is currently placed in biomarkers grouped under the name of liquid biopsy, which could prove to be effective tools for common clinical use in the near future. This review gives an update on blood cancer biomarkers studied in dogs, such as ions, proteins, nucleic acids and also circulating cells, of which some might become more prominent in the coming years to help improve the management of animal care.
The effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull‐out strength in equine arytenoid and cricoid cartilages
Authors: Gray Sarah M. , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. , Horn Gavin P. , McCoy Annette M. , Schaeffer David J. , Stewart Matt
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull‐out strength in arytenoid and cricoid cartilages subjected to the laryngoplasty (LP) procedure.

Study design

Ex vivo experimental study.

Sample population

Ten grossly normal equine cadaveric larynges.

Methods

Bilateral LP constructs were created using a standard LP technique. One hemilarynx was randomly allocated to the single freeze and thaw group and the other allocated to the repeated freeze and thaw (3 complete cycles) group. The suture ends of each LP construct were attached to a load frame and subjected to monotonic loading until construct failure. Mean load (N) and displacement (mm) at LP construct failure were compared between groups.

Results

All LP constructs failed by suture pull through the arytenoid cartilage. The mean load at failure was similar between groups (118.9 ± 25.5 N in the single freeze and thaw group and 113.4 ± 20.5 N in the repeated freeze and thaw group,P = .62). The mean displacement at failure was similar between groups (54.4 ± 15.1 mm in the single freeze and thaw group and 54.4 ± 15.4 mm in the repeated freeze and thaw group,P = .99).

Conclusion

Repeated freezing and thawing did not affect the suture pullout strength of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages.

Clinical significance

Laryngeal specimens that have been subjected to repeated freezing and thawing can be utilized in the experimental evaluation of LP procedures because there is no alteration of the suture pull‐out strength of the relevant cartilages.
From single‐neuron dynamics to higher‐order circuit motifs in control and pathological brain networks
Authors: Hadjiabadi Darian , Soltesz Ivan
Published: July 2022

The convergence of advanced single‐cell in vivo functional imaging techniques, computational modelling tools and graph‐based network analytics has heralded new opportunities to study single‐cell dynamics across large‐scale networks, providing novel insights into principles of brain communication and pointing towards potential new strategies for treating neurological disorders. A major recent finding has been the identification of unusually richly connected hub cells that have capacity to synchronize networks and may also be critical in network dysfunction. While hub neurons are traditionally defined by measures that consider solely the number and strength of connections, novel higher‐order graph analytics now enables the mining of massive networks for repeating subgraph patterns called motifs. As an illustration of the power offered by higher‐order analysis of neuronal networks, we highlight how recent methodological advances uncovered a new functional cell type, the superhub, that is predicted to play a major role in regulating network dynamics. Finally, we discuss open questions that will be critical for assessing the importance of higher‐order cellular‐scale network analytics in understanding brain function in health and disease.

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Adsorption and surface reaction of isopropyl alcohol on SiO2 surfaces
Authors: Mawaki Takezo , Teramoto Akinobu , Ishii Katsutoshi , Shiba Yoshinobu , Kuroda Rihito , Suwa Tomoyuki , Azumo Shuji , Shimizu Akira , Umezawa Kota , Shirai Yasuyuki , Sugawa Shigetoshi
Published: July 2022

In this study, we investigated the adsorption and surface reaction of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) gas on silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces. The temperature dependence of the decomposition behavior of IPA and the effect on the SiO2 surface, such as reduction of SiO2 during IPA treatment, were studied. The chemical structures of the SiO2 surfaces before and after IPA treatment were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The decomposition behavior of IPA was investigated using an in-line evaluation system equipped with a SiO2 reactor and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). During IPA treatment at temperatures above 150 °C, different types of organic matter were deposited on the SiO2 surfaces depending on the temperature. SiO2 was not reduced, and its surface states were not changed at temperatures below 350 °C. In addition, we investigated the amount of trimethylaluminium (TMAl) adsorbed on SiO2 surface with and without IPA treatment. As a result, the amount of TMAl adsorbed on SiO2 surface was reduced by about 25% by the IPA treatment. We found that the organic matter obtained by IPA treatment partially inhibited the adsorption of the TMAl gas on SiO2 surfaces. These findings will be useful for the use of IPA in the advanced semiconductor manufacturing such as in area-selective processes.
Genome Analysis of
Enterobacter asburiae
and
Lelliottia
spp. Proliferating in Oligotrophic Drinking Water Reservoirs and Lakes
Authors: Leister Carolin , Hügler Michael
Published: July 2022

Certain strains of coliform bacteria have been shown to proliferate in the oligotrophic water of drinking water reservoirs and lakes, reaching values above 10
4
per 100 mL. Such high concentrations challenge drinking water treatment, and occasionally the respective coliform bacteria have been detected in the treated drinking water.
Comparative Analysis of
Brucepastera parasyntrophica
gen. nov., sp. nov. and
Teretinema zuelzerae
gen. nov., comb. nov. (
Treponemataceae
) Reveals the Importance of Interspecies Hydrogen Transfer in the Energy Metabolism of Spirochetes
Authors: Song Yulin , Pfeiffer Fabienne , Radek Renate , Hearne Cameron , Hervé Vincent , Brune Andreas
Published: July 2022

Spirochetes are widely distributed in various anoxic environments and commonly form molecular hydrogen as a major fermentation product. Here, we show that two closely related members of the family
Treponemataceae
differ strongly in their sensitivity to high hydrogen partial pressure, and we explain the metabolic mechanisms that cause these differences by comparative genome analysis.
Comparison of Surface Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta Variants on Stainless Steel at 4°C and 24°C
Authors: Onianwa Okechukwu , Garratt Isobel , Carter Jennifer , Spencer Antony , Verlander Neville Q. , Pottage Thomas , Bennett Allan M.
Published: July 2022

Human transmission is believed to occur primarily through direct transfer of infectious droplets or aerosols. However, fomite transmission through contact with contaminated surfaces may also play an important role.
Development of Melioidosis Subunit Vaccines Using an Enzymatically Inactive Burkholderia pseudomallei AhpC
Authors: Schmidt Lindsey K. , Orne Caitlyn E. , Shaffer Teresa L. , Wilson Shane M. , Khakhum Nittaya , Torres Alfredo G. , Brett Paul J. , Burtnick Mary N.
Published: July 2022

Burkholderia pseudomallei
, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a facultative intracellular, Gram-negative pathogen that is highly infectious via the respiratory route and can cause severe, debilitating, and often fatal diseases in humans and animals. At present, no licensed vaccines for immunization against this CDC Tier 1 select agent exist.
Evaluation of the Deletion of MGF110-5L-6L on Swine Virulence from the Pandemic Strain of African Swine Fever Virus and Use as a DIVA Marker in Vaccine Candidate ASFV-G-ΔI177L
Authors: Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Vuono Elizabeth , Silva Ediane , Rai Ayushi , Valladares Alyssa , Pruitt Sarah , Espinoza Nallely , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Borca Manuel V. , Gladue Douglas P.
Published: July 2022

Currently, there are no African swine fever (ASF) commercial vaccines that can be used to prevent or control the spread of ASF. The only effective experimental vaccines against ASF are live-attenuated vaccines.
Controlling Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Immunoinflammatory Lesions Using Metabolic Therapy: a Comparison of 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose with Metformin
Authors: Berber Engin , Rouse Barry T.
Published: July 2022

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of the eye is an example where damaging lesions are in part the consequence of a host response to the infection. Moreover, it was shown that changing the representation of cellular participants in the inflammatory reaction can minimize lesion severity.
Varying Viral Replication and Disease Profiles of H2N2 Influenza in Ferrets Is Associated with Virus Isolate and Inoculation Route
Authors: van de Ven Koen , van Dijken Harry , Du Wenjuan , de Heij Femke , Mouthaan Justin , Spijkers Sanne , van den Brink Sharon , Roholl Paul , de Haan Cornelis A. M. , de Jonge Jørgen
Published: July 2022

In 1957 the world was subjected to a pandemic caused by an influenza A virus of the subtype H2N2. Although the virus disappeared in 1968, H2 viruses continue to circulate in avian reservoirs.
Robustness of the Ferret Model for Influenza Risk Assessment Studies: a Cross-Laboratory Exercise
Authors: Belser Jessica A. , Lau Eric H. Y. , Barclay Wendy , Barr Ian G. , Chen Hualan , Fouchier Ron A. M. , Hatta Masato , Herfst Sander , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Lakdawala Seema S. , Lee Leo Yi Yang , Neumann Gabriele , Peiris Malik , Perez Daniel R. , Russell Charles , Subbarao Kanta , Sutton Troy C. , Webby Richard J. , Yang Huanliang , Yen Hui-Ling ,   Working group on the standardization of the ferret model for influenza risk assessment, Blanchard Elisabeth , Maines Taronna R. , Choy Ka-Tim , Sia Sin Fun , Su Wen , Frise Rebecca , Zhou Jie , Hurt Aeron C. , Li Chengjun , Bestebroer Theo , de Meulder Dennis , Lexmond Pascal , Chiba Shiho , Bhagwat Amar , Jones Jennifer E. , Kormuth Karen A. , Le Sage Valarie , Caceres C. Joaquin , Carnaccini Silvia , Ferreri Lucas M. , Geiger Ginger , DeBeauchamp Jennifer L. , Hu Meng , Jeevan Trushar , Kercher Lisa A. , Patel Devanshi R. , Septer Kayla M. , Sim Derek G.
Published: July 2022

Following detection of a novel virus, rapid characterization efforts (both
in vitro
and
in vivo
) are undertaken at numerous laboratories worldwide to evaluate the relative risk posed to human health. Aggregation of these data are critical, but the use of nonstandardized protocols can make interpretation of divergent results a challenge.
Metabolite Damage and Damage Control in a Minimal Genome
Authors: Haas Drago , Thamm Antje M. , Sun Jiayi , Huang Lili , Sun Lijie , Beaudoin Guillaume A. W. , Wise Kim S. , Lerma-Ortiz Claudia , Bruner Steven D. , Breuer Marian , Luthey-Schulten Zaida , Lin Jiusheng , Wilson Mark A. , Brown Greg , Yakunin Alexander F. , Kurilyak Inna , Folz Jacob , Fiehn Oliver , Glass John I. , Hanson Andrew D. , Henry Christopher S. , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie
Published: July 2022

Metabolite damage and repair mechanisms are being increasingly recognized. We present here compelling genetic and biochemical evidence for the universal importance of these mechanisms by demonstrating that stripping a genome down to its barest essentials leaves metabolite damage control systems in place.
Distinct Agents Induce Streptococcus mutans Cells with Altered Biofilm Formation Capacity
Authors: Lopes Ana Carolina Urbano de Araujo , Lobo Carmélia Isabel Vitorino , Ribeiro Sabrina Marcela , Colin Jaqueline da Silva , Constantino Vanessa Coronato Nogueira , Canonici Matheus Mieli , Barbugli Paula Aboud , Klein Marlise Inêz
Published: July 2022

This article addresses the effect of distinct agents with distinct targets in the bacterial cell (cytoplasmatic membrane and glycolysis), the cell’s extracellular synthesis of exopolysaccharides that are important for cariogenic extracellular matrix construction and biofilm buildup in the generation of cells that persisted after treatment, and how these cells form biofilms
in vitro
. For example, if preexposure to an agent augments the production of virulence determinants, such as exopolysaccharides, its clinical value may be inadequate.
Human ACE2 Genetic Polymorphism Affecting SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells
Authors: Hattori Takanari , Saito Takeshi , Okuya Kosuke , Takahashi Yuji , Miyamoto Hiroko , Kajihara Masahiro , Igarashi Manabu , Takada Ayato
Published: July 2022

SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are known to cause severe pneumonia in humans. The S protein of these CoVs binds to the ACE2 molecule on the plasma membrane and mediates virus entry into cells.
Role of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus in the Pathogenesis of Buffalo Fly Skin Lesions in Cattle
Authors: Naseem Muhammad Noman , Turni Conny , Gilbert Rosalind , Raza Ali , Allavena Rachel , McGowan Michael , Constantinoiu Constantin , Ong Chian Teng , Tabor Ala E. , James Peter
Published: July 2022

Skin lesions in cattle associated with feeding byHaematobiafly species are a significant welfare issue in Australia, North and South America, and Europe. The development of these lesions has been attributed to a number of causal factors, but the exact etiology and pathogenesis were unclear.
Demographic Features of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Taiwan, 1993 to 2020, and Genetic Characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates, 2003 to 2020
Authors: Chiou Chien-Shun , Liao Ying-Shu , Chen Bo-Han , Lu Min-Chi , Hong Yu-Ping , Wang You-Wun , Teng Ru-Hsiou
Published: July 2022

N. meningitidis
can cause life-threatening invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), including meningitis and sepsis, resulting in a high CFR and long-term sequelae in survivors. Here, we report the demographic features of IMD in Taiwan over a 28-year period (1993 to 2020) and the genetic characteristics of
N. meningitidis
isolates recovered from patients with IMD over an 18-year period (2003 to 2020).
Multi-Omics Integration Reveals the Crucial Role of
Fusobacterium
in the Inflammatory Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Qiao Han , Li Hui , Wen Xianhui , Tan Xirong , Yang Chongzhe , Liu Na
Published: July 2022

Studies on revealing the composition and potential mechanisms of the tumor microbiome are still at an initial stage. We uncovered the potential contribution of the tumor-resident microbiota on the immunosuppressive microenvironment in HNSC, which will provide a new perspective for tumor microbiome research and yield valuable insights into the clinical management of HNSC.
Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes of a Novel Halotolerant
Alkalihalobacillus
Species for Hydrolysis of Starch and Other Algal Polysaccharides
Authors: Masasa Matan , Kushmaro Ariel , Chernova Helena , Shashar Nadav , Guttman Lior
Published: July 2022

Toward the discovery of novel carbohydrate-active enzymes that may be useful in the hydrolysis of starch, we examined a halotolerant bacterial isolate of
Alkalihalobacillus
sp. regarding its genomic content and conditions underlying the production of active α-amylases. The production of α-amylases was measured in bacterial cultures at relatively high temperature (37°C) and salinity (4%).
A Novel
Alteromonas
Phage Lineage with a Broad Host Range and Small Burst Size
Authors: Yang Yahui , Ma Ruijie , Yu Chen , Ye Junlei , Chen Xiaowei , Wang Long , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui
Published: July 2022

The marine bacterium
Alteromonas
is prevalent in the global ocean with crucial ecological significance; however, little is known about the diversity and evolution of its bacteriophages that profoundly affect the bacterial communities. Our study characterized a novel genus of three newly isolated
Alteromonas
phages that exhibited a distinct infection strategy of broad host spectrum and small burst size.
Patient-Derived Antibody Data Yields Development of Broadly Cross-Protective Monoclonal Antibody against ST258 Carbapenem-Resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Banerjee Kasturi , Motley Michael P. , Boniche-Alfaro Camila , Bhattacharya Somanon , Shah Raj , Ardizzone Andrew , Fries Bettina C.
Published: July 2022

Here, we present
in vitro
and
in vivo
data for the
wzi50
CPS-specific monoclonal antibody MAb 24D11, demonstrating its cross-protective efficacy against three prominent
win
types (
wzi29
,
wzi154
, and
wzi50
) of the carbapenem-resistant clonal group CG258. In a murine pulmonary infection model, MAb 24D11 reduced bacterial lung burden and dissemination to other organs even if administered 4 h postinfection.
Survival Strategies and Metabolic Interactions between Ruminococcus gauvreauii and
Ruminococcoides bili
, Isolated from Human Bile
Authors: Molinero Natalia , Conti Elena , Walker Alan W. , Margolles Abelardo , Duncan Sylvia H. , Delgado Susana
Published: July 2022

Unique insights into metabolic interaction between two isolates;
Ruminococcus gauvreauii
IPLA60001 and
Ruminococcoides bili
IPLA60002, from the human gallbladder, are presented here. The
R. bili
strain metabolized resistant starches while
R. gauvreauii
failed to do so but grew well on sugar alcohols.
Long-runout pyroclastic density currents: Analysis and implications
Authors: Roche Olivier , Henry Christopher D. , Azzaoui Nourddine , Guillin Arnaud
Published: July 2022

Pyroclastic density currents are hazardous, ground-hugging, hot mixtures of gas and solid particles produced by volcanoes. Currents generated by the largest explosive eruptions have traveled distances on the order of 100 km, and their devastating impact has repeatedly marked Earth's geologic history. We show that pyroclastic density currents from super-eruptions during the Oligocene in the Great Basin of the United States had exceptional runout distances that may have exceeded 300 km. We present a quantitative analysis of the data from these currents and consider, in particular, the areal extent of their deposits (ignimbrites) as well as the relationship between their runout and the eruption mass discharge rate. The ignimbrites have elliptical distributions characterized by axis length ratios of ~2–6, in contrast to common subcircular ignimbrites, while the maximum runouts versus the discharge rates are clearly outside of the prediction intervals defined by other eruption data. We argue that the long runouts resulted from the channeling of concentrated currents in regional paleovalleys whose gentle slope worked to lengthen the travel distance. Our study demonstrates that these additional factors should be considered in assessing hazards posed by future super-eruptions.
Supplemental Material: Structure, geochronology, and petrogenesis of Permian peraluminous granite dykes in the southern Chinese Altai as indicators of Altai–East Junggar convergence
Authors: Shu Tan , Jiang Yingde , al. et
Published: July 2022

Table S1: Summaries of sample locations and petrographic characteristics of the studied granite dykes from the southern Chinese Altai. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronological analyses of zircon standards. Table S3: LA-ICP-MS zircon/monazite U-Pb data of the granite dykes from the southern Chinese Altai. Table S4: LA-ICP-MS monazite U-Pb data of the granite dykes from the southern Chinese Altai. Table S5: Monazite composition of the studied granite dykes from the southern Chinese Altai. Table S6: Major and trace element compositions and calculated parameters of the granite dykes from the southern Chinese Altai. Table S7: Whole-rock Sr and Nd isotope data for granite dykes from the southern Chinese Altai.
Nalbuphine as analgesic in preschool children undergoing ophthalmic surgery and the occurrence of emergence delirium
Authors: Leister Nicolas , Trieschmann Uwe , Yücetepe Sirin , Ulrichs Christoph , Muenke Nikolas , Wendt Stefanie , Menzel Christoph , Heindl Ludwig M
Published: July 2022

Background/aims

Perioperative pain in children is often inadequately treated, and emergence agitation is common. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether nalbuphine is suitable for perioperative eye pain and to analyse if it influences the occurrence of emergence delirium/agitation (EDA) in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery in general anaesthesia.

Methods

Retrospective cohort analysis of 50 children in preschool age undergoing general anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery receiving nalbuphine as a postoperative analgesic in a German university hospital from June 2020 to February 2021.

Scores and values for pain and EDA were routinely recorded after awakening and during the stay in the recovery room. Data were evaluated retrospectively from the medical records.

Results

A total of 50 children (17 girls and 33 boys) underwent general anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. The median age of the children included was 20.5 months (range, 1–68 months), the median body weight was 12.25 kg (range, 2.9–29 kg). All patients received ibuprofen (10 mg/kg1) during induction of anaesthesia and nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) at the end of surgery. All patients had an Paediatric-Anaesthesia-Emergence-Delirium-I-score (PAED-ED-I Score) of less than 6 and acceptable Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability-scores (FLACC less than 3) on waking and on leaving the recovery room.

Conclusion

Nalbuphine shows a sufficient analgesic effect for pain therapy following ophthalmic surgery in preschool children. Nalbuphine seems to reduce the incidence of EDA in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery.
Regulatory enhancer profiling of mesenchymal-type gastric cancer reveals subtype-specific epigenomic landscapes and targetable vulnerabilities
Authors: Ho Shamaine Wei Ting , Sheng Taotao , Xing Manjie , Ooi Wen Fong , Xu Chang , Sundar Raghav , Huang Kie Kyon , Li Zhimei , Kumar Vikrant , Ramnarayanan Kalpana , Zhu Feng , Srivastava Supriya , Isa Zul Fazreen Bin Adam , Anene-Nzelu Chukwuemeka George , Razavi-Mohseni Milad , Shigaki Dustin , Ma Haoran , Tan Angie Lay Keng , Ong Xuewen , Lee Ming Hui , Tay Su Ting , Guo Yu Amanda , Huang Weitai , Li Shang , Beer Michael A. , Foo Roger Sik Yin , Teh Ming , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen , Teh Bin Tean , Tan Patrick
Published: July 2022

Objective

Gastric cancer (GC) comprises multiple molecular subtypes. Recent studies have highlighted mesenchymal-subtype GC (Mes-GC) as a clinically aggressive subtype with few treatment options. Combining multiple studies, we derived and applied a consensus Mes-GC classifier to define the Mes-GC enhancer landscape revealing disease vulnerabilities.

Design

Transcriptomic profiles of ~1000 primary GCs and cell lines were analysed to derive a consensus Mes-GC classifier. Clinical and genomic associations were performed across >1200 patients with GC. Genome-wide epigenomic profiles (H3K27ac, H3K4me1 and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq)) of 49 primary GCs and GC cell lines were generated to identify Mes-GC-specific enhancer landscapes. Upstream regulators and downstream targets of Mes-GC enhancers were interrogated using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 editing, functional assays and pharmacological inhibition.

Results

We identified and validated a 993-gene cancer-cell intrinsic Mes-GC classifier applicable to retrospective cohorts or prospective single samples. Multicohort analysis of Mes-GCs confirmed associations with poor patient survival, therapy resistance and few targetable genomic alterations. Analysis of enhancer profiles revealed a distinctive Mes-GC epigenomic landscape, withTEAD1as a master regulator of Mes-GC enhancers and Mes-GCs exhibiting preferential sensitivity to TEAD1 pharmacological inhibition. Analysis of Mes-GC super-enhancers also highlightedNUAK1kinase as a downstream target, with synergistic effects observed between NUAK1 inhibition and cisplatin treatment.

Conclusion

Our results establish a consensus Mes-GC classifier applicable to multiple transcriptomic scenarios. Mes-GCs exhibit a distinct epigenomic landscape, and TEAD1 inhibition and combinatorial NUAK1 inhibition/cisplatin may represent potential targetable options.
MHR and NHR but not LHR were associated with coronary artery disease in patients with chest pain with controlled LDL-C
Authors: Liu Mengping , Liu Xiaojun , Wei Zhen , Hua Rui , Huang Yuzhi , Hao Xiang , Yuan Zuyi , Zhou Juan
Published: July 2022

Several leukocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratios, including monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR), neutrophil to HDL-C ratio (NHR) and lymphocyte to HDL-C ratio (LHR), have been proposed as novel inflammatory indicators. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationships between these leukocyte to HDL-C ratios and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). A total of 3482 patients with chest pain with LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L were enrolled. We evaluated the relationships between MHR, NHR, LHR and HDL-C and the occurrence of CAD as well as severe stenosis. We found that in patients with chest pain, higher MHR (adjusted OR=2.83, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.99, p<0.001) and NHR (adjusted OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13, p<0.001), as well as lower HDL-C (adjusted OR=0.53, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.78, p=0.001), but not higher LHR (adjusted OR=1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20, p =0.341), had a stronger association with the occurrence of CAD. Moreover, unlike LHR (adjusted OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.13, p=0.654), higher MHR (adjusted OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.07, p<0.001) and NHR (adjusted OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.09, p<0.001) and lower HDL-C (adjusted OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.56, p<0.001) were risk factors for severe stenosis. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis exhibited comparable abilities between MHR and NHR in predicting the presence and severity of CAD. In conclusion, even though patients with chest pain have achieved LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L, the inflammatory indicators MHR and NHR maintained their predictive abilities and remained associated with the occurrence and severity of CAD.
Decision-making and regret in patients with germlineCDH1variants undergoing prophylactic total gastrectomy
Authors: Gamble Lauren A , Grant Robert R C , Samaranayake Sarah G , Fasaye Grace-Ann , Koh Christopher , Korman Louis , Asif Bilal , Heller Theo , Hernandez Jonathan M , Blakely Andrew M , Davis Jeremy L
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) can eliminate gastric cancer risk and is recommended in carriers of a germlineCDH1pathogenic variant. PTG has established risks and potential life-long morbidity. Decision-making regarding PTG is complex and not well-understood.

Methods

Individuals with germlineCDH1pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants who underwent surveillance endoscopy and recommended for PTG were evaluated. Factors associated with decision to pursue PTG (PTGpos) or not (PTGneg) were queried. A decision-regret survey was administered to patients who elected PTG.

Results

Decision-making was assessed in 120 patients. PTGpospatients (63%, 76/120) were younger than PTGneg(median 45 vs 58 years) and more often had a strong family history of gastric cancer (80.3% vs 34.1%). PTGpospatients reported decision-making based on family history more often and decided soon after diagnosis (8 vs 27 months) compared with PTGneg. Negative endoscopic surveillance results were more common among PTGnegpatients. Age >60 years, male sex and longer time to decision were associated with deferring PTG. Strong family history, a family member who died of gastric cancer and carcinoma on endoscopic biopsies were associated with decision to pursue PTG. In the PTGposgroup, 30 patients (43%) reported regret which was associated with occurrence of a postoperative complication and no carcinoma detected on final pathology.

Conclusion

The decision to undergo PTG is influenced by family cancer history and surveillance endoscopy results. Regret is associated with surgical complications and pathological absence of cancer. Individual cancer-risk assessment is necessary to improve pre-operative counselling and inform the decision-making process.

Trial registration number

NCT03030404.
Broadening and deepening the understanding of agency in dementia
Authors: van der Byl Williams Millie , Zeilig Hannah
Published: July 2022

Agency has become an essential component of discussions concerning selfhood, well-being, and care in dementia studies but the concept itself is rarely clearly defined and the use of this term can be confusing and conflicting. This paper outlines some of the key ways in which agency has been conceptualised in relation to dementia, highlighting the complexities surrounding this concept and focusing on agency in a way that is tied to our ideas about citizenship, legal and human rights. Seven key dimensions of agency are examined: embodiment, emotions, sense of agency, intentional conscious action, the social context of agency, decision-making and moral responsibility. Using a critical realist approach, this paper brings together the diverse ways in which agency has been understood into an interdisciplinary, laminated understanding of agency. This model is then used in an applied example demonstrating that this model can be used to identify the ways in which an arts intervention can support the agency of people living with dementia. This paper proposes that agency is layered, multidimensional and exists on a continuum.
In-hospital electrical muscle stimulation for patients early after heart failure decompensation: results from a prospective randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Poltavskaya Maria , Sviridenko Victoria , Giverts Ilya , Patchenskaya Irina , Kozlovskaya Inesa , Tomilovskaya Elena , Veliyev Gabil Orkhan , Andreev Denis , Syrkin Abram , Saner Hugo
Published: July 2022

Background

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is being evaluated as a possible alternative to exercise training to improve functional capacity in severely deconditioned patients with heart failure (HF). However, there is insufficient data on delayed effects of EMS starting early after decompensation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a short inpatient EMS intervention in severely deconditioned patients with HF on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) over a follow-up period of 1 month.

Methods

This is a prospective randomised sham-controlled pilot study. 45 patients hospitalised for decompensated systolic HF (58% men, mean age 66.4±10.2 years) were randomised to EMS (n=22) or sham stimulation (n=23) of lower limbs starting within 3 days after admission. The intervention included 7–10 sessions lasting from 30 to 90 min. The 6-minute walking test distance (6-MWTD), Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) were evaluated at baseline, discharge and after 1 month.

Results

All patients completed the programme with good EMS tolerance. 37 patients were included in the final analysis. At discharge, 6-MWTD improved from 206,1±61,3 to 299.5±91 m, DASI from 12.1±5.6 to 18.3±7.2 and MLHFQ from 55.6±8.5 to 34.2±9 with EMS compared with smaller improvements in the sham group (p<0.05 for all). One month after discharge, improvements in the EMS group remained significant for MLHFQ (p=0.004) and DASI (p=0.042) and statistically non-significant for 6-MWTD compared with the sham group.

Conclusions

Short-term in-hospital EMS leads to improvements in functional capacity and QoL in selected patients early after HF decompensation that are retained over 1 month after discharge and therefore may serve as initial intervention to improve physical capacity or as a bridge to further conventional exercise training. Larger studies are required to evaluate individual responses to an early initiation of EMS in decompensated HF as well as long-term effects.
Deeper cerebral hypoperfusion leads to spatial cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Ma Yuanyuan , Xu Tongtong , Wu Shengju , Yang Guo-Yuan , Ding Jing , Wang Xin
Published: July 2022

Background

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second-leading cause of dementia worldwide, which is caused by cerebrovascular diseases or relevant risk factors. However, there are no appropriate animal models, which can be used to study changes of neuropathology in the human VCI. To better understand the development of VCI, we modified three mouse models of chronical vascular diseases, and further compared the advantage and disadvantage of these models. We hope to establish a more suitable mouse model mimicking VCI in human beings.

Methods

Adult male C57/BL6 mice (n=98) were used and animals underwent transient bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (tBCCAO), or bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), or right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion, respectively. Haemodynamic changes of surface cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined up to 4 weeks. Spatial cognitive impairment was evaluated to determine the consequence of chronic cerebral ischaemia.

Results

These mouse models showed different extents of CBF reduction and spatial reference memory impairment from 1 week up to 4 weeks postoperation compared with the control group (p<0.05). We found that (1) bilaterally ligation of common carotid artery caused decrease of 90% CBF in C57/BL6 mice (p<0.05) and caused acute instead of prolonged impairment of spatial reference memory (p<0.05); (2) unilateral ligation of common carotid artery did not cause severe ipsilateral ischaemia as seen in the tBCCAO mice and caused minor but significant spatial reference memory disturbance (p<0.05); and (3) 20% decrease in the bilateral CBF did not cause spatial reference memory impairment 4 weeks postoperation (p>0.05), while 30% decrease in bilateral or unilateral CBF led to significant memory disturbance in mice (p<0.05).

Conclusion

We demonstrated that BCAS using 0.16/0.18 mm microcoils is an alternative VCI mouse model when studying the mechanism and developing therapy of VCI.
PATHOGENICITY AND IMMUNOGENICITY FOR SOME RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS(RHDV) STRAINS PROPAGATED IN ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES OF RABBIT
Authors: Pyon Yong-Mi , Ryo Hyok , Pak Sun-Nam , Ko Il-Ryong
Published: July 2022

The hepatocytes were isolated from the liver of different week-age of healthy rabbits by a single two-stage pass perfusion method and suspended in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (Ca[Formula: see text]-, Mg[Formula: see text]-free). The field strains of RHDV were inoculated into the suspension and incubated for 2 days at 37∘C. After incubation, the HA titer of each strain of RHDV in supernatant of virus growth was measured using human erythrocyte O type. There were differences in the HA titers of RHDV strains according to the hepatocyte of different week-age of rabbits, the number of hepatocyte, the strain of virus (RHDV-1, RHDV-2, RHDV-3) and the duration of incubation. The HA titer was highest when the virus was cultured in the hepatocytes isolated from more than 12 week-aged rabbits.

When non-immune rabbits were inoculated with the strains of virus (RHDV-1, RHDV-2, RHDV-3). respectively, all rabbits (3 heads of rabbit per group) infected with RHDV-1 and RHDV-3 died of the disease within 48[Formula: see text]h, while only one rabbit infected with RHDV-2 died within 72[Formula: see text]h.

When immunized rabbits by inactivated virus strains (RHDV-1, RHDV-2 and RHDV-3), 2 strains, RHDV-1 and RHDV-3, showed the same level of HI titers with inactivated homogenate, but RHDV-2 did lower the level of titer than the homogenate.