bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep‐learning‐based pipeline for module power prediction from electroluminescense measurements
Authors: Hoffmann Mathis , Buerhop‐Lutz Claudia , Reeb Luca , Pickel Tobias , Winkler Thilo , Doll Bernd , Würfl Tobias , Marius Peters Ian , Brabec Christoph , Maier Andreas , Christlein Vincent
Published: May 2021

Automated inspection plays an important role in monitoring large‐scale photovoltaic power plants. Commonly, electroluminescense measurements are used to identify various types of defects on solar modules, but have not been used to determine the power of a module. However, knowledge of the power at maximum power point is important as well, since drops in the power of a single module can affect the performance of an entire string. By now, this is commonly determined by measurements that require to discontact or even dismount the module, rendering a regular inspection of individual modules infeasible. In this work, we bridge the gap between electroluminescense measurements and the power determination of a module. We compile a large dataset of 719 electroluminescense measurements of modules at various stages of degradation, especially cell cracks and fractures, and the corresponding power at maximum power point. Here, we focus on inactive regions and cracks as the predominant type of defect. We set up a baseline regression model to predict the power from electroluminescense measurements with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.0 ± 8.4WP (4.0 ± 3.7%). Then, we show that deep learning can be used to train a model that performs significantly better (7.3 ± 6.5WP or 3.2 ± 2.7%) and propose a variant of class activation maps to obtain the per cell power loss, as predicted by the model. With this work, we aim to open a new research topic. Therefore, we publicly release the dataset, the code, and trained models to empower other researchers to compare against our results. Finally, we present a thorough evaluation of certain boundary conditions like the dataset size and an automated preprocessing pipeline for on‐site measurements showing multiple modules at once.
FUS oncofusion protein condensates recruit mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeler via heterotypic interactions between prion‐like domains
Authors: Davis Richoo B. , Kaur Taranpreet , Moosa Mahdi Muhammad , Banerjee Priya R.
Published: May 2021

Fusion transcription factors generated by genomic translocations are common drivers of several types of cancers including sarcomas and leukemias. Oncofusions of the FET (FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15) family proteins result from the fusion of the prion‐like domain (PLD) of FET proteins to the DNA‐binding domain (DBD) of certain transcription regulators and are implicated in aberrant transcriptional programs through interactions with chromatin remodelers. Here, we show that FUS‐DDIT3, a FET oncofusion protein, undergoes PLD‐mediated phase separation into liquid‐like condensates. Nuclear FUS‐DDIT3 condensates can recruit essential components of the global transcriptional machinery such as the chromatin remodeler SWI/SNF. The recruitment of mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) is driven by heterotypic PLD‐PLD interactions between FUS‐DDIT3 and core subunits of SWI/SNF, such as the catalytic component BRG1. Further experiments with single‐molecule correlative force‐fluorescence microscopy support a model wherein the fusion protein forms condensates on DNA surface and enrich BRG1 to activate transcription by ectopic chromatin remodeling. Similar PLD‐driven co‐condensation of mSWI/SNF with transcription factors can be employed by other oncogenic fusion proteins with a generic PLD‐DBD domain architecture for global transcriptional reprogramming.
Planetary, inertia–gravity and Kelvin waves on the f‐plane and β‐plane in the presence of a uniform zonal flow
Authors: De‐Leon Yair , Fouxon Itzhak , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Paldor Nathan
Published: May 2021

A linear wave theory of the Rotating Shallow‐Water Equations (RSWE) is developed in a channel on the midlatitude f‐plane or ‐plane in the presence of a uniform mean zonal flow that is balanced geostrophically by a meridional gradient of the fluid surface height. Here we show that this surface height gradient is a potential vorticity (PV) source that generates Rossby waves even on the f‐plane similar to the generation of these waves by PV sources such as the ‐effect, shear of the mean flow and bottom topography. Numerical solutions of the RSWE show that the resulting Rossby, Poincaré and “Kelvin‐like” waves differ from their counterparts without mean flow in both their phase speeds and meridional structures. Doppler shifting of the “no mean‐flow” phase speeds does not account for the difference in phase speeds, and the meridional structure is often trapped near one of the channel's boundaries and does not oscillate across the channel. A comparison between the phase speeds of Rossby waves of the present theory and those of the Quasi‐Geostrophic Shallow‐Water (QG‐SW) theory shows that the former can be 2.5 times faster than those of the QG‐SW theory. The phase speed of “Kelvin‐like” waves is modified by the presence of a mean flow compared to the classical gravity wave speed, and furthermore their meridional velocity does not vanish. The gaps between the dispersion curves of adjacent Poincaré modes are not uniform but change with the zonal wave number, and the convexity of the dispersion curves also changes with the zonal wave number. These results have implications for the propagation of Rossby wave packets: QG theory overestimates the zonal group velocity.
Observer‐based adaptive neural output‐feedback event‐triggered control for discrete‐time nonlinear systems using variable substitution
Authors: Wang Min , Huang Longwang , Zhao Zhijia , Yang Chenguang
Published: May 2021

In this paper, an event‐triggered adaptive neural output feedback control scheme is developed for a class of uncertain discrete‐time strict‐feedback nonlinear systems subject to immeasurable system states and network resource limitation. Ani‐step ahead predictor is synthesized to obtain the future signal of the reference orbit. By combining the neural observer and the variable substitution technology, an event‐triggered adaptive neural control scheme is developed, thereby estimating the immeasurable system states and avoiding then‐step delays of the existing controller. To promote the transient system performance, an improved triggering condition is designed to increase the number of triggering events in the transient process. The stability analysis of the closed‐loop system is divided into two parts to deal with the challenge from the simultaneous presence of state estimations, unknown system dynamics, and aperiodical controller weight updating laws. The proposed scheme achieves the state estimation, guarantees the output tracking performance with the improved transient control performance, and reduces the communication resource. Simulation studies on a numerical example and a networked robot manipulator are, respectively, implemented to show the validity of the proposed scheme.
Transporting experimental results with entropy balancing
Authors: Josey Kevin P. , Berkowitz Seth A. , Ghosh Debashis , Raghavan Sridharan
Published: May 2021

We show how entropy balancing can be used for transporting experimental treatment effects from a trial population onto a target population. This method is doubly robust in the sense that if either the outcome model or the probability of trial participation is correctly specified, then the estimate of the target population average treatment effect is consistent. Furthermore, we only require the sample moments of the effect modifiers drawn from the target population to consistently estimate the target population average treatment effect. We compared the finite‐sample performance of entropy balancing with several alternative methods for transporting treatment effects between populations. Entropy balancing techniques are efficient and robust to violations of model misspecification. We also examine the results of our proposed method in an applied analysis of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure trial transported to a sample of US adults with diabetes taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort.
Randomization‐based inference for a marginal treatment effect in stepped wedge cluster randomized trials
Authors: Rabideau Dustin J. , Wang Rui
Published: May 2021

In a cross‐sectional stepped wedge cluster randomized trial (SWT), clusters are randomized to crossover from control to intervention at different time periods and outcomes are assessed for a different set of individuals in each cluster‐period. Randomization‐based inference is an attractive analysis strategy for SWTs because it does not require full parametric specification of the outcome distribution or correlation structure and its validity does not rely on having a large number of clusters. Existing randomization‐based approaches for SWTs, however, either focus on hypothesis testing and omit technical details on confidence interval (CI) calculation with noncontinuous outcomes, or employ weighted cluster‐period summary statistics for p‐value and CI calculation, which can result in suboptimal efficiency if weights do not incorporate information on varying cluster‐period sizes. In this article, we propose a framework for calculating randomization‐based p‐values and CIs for a marginal treatment effect in SWTs by using test statistics derived from individual‐level generalized linear models. We also investigate how study design features, such as stratified randomization, subsequently impact various SWT analysis methods including the proposed approach. Data from the XpertMTB/RIF tuberculosis trial are reanalyzed to illustrate our method and compare it to alternatives.
Prevalence, Determinants and Perception of Use of Skin Lightening Products Among Female Medical Undergraduates in Nigeria
Authors: Egbi O. G. , Kasia B.
Published: May 2021

Background

Skin Lightening Products (SLP) are common in Africa especially in Nigeria. Adverse effects from these products present a public health concern. Data on the use of these products among medical students is scanty.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, determinants and perception of use of SLP among female undergraduate medical students in Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among female medical students selected by convenient sampling. An on-line survey was done with google forms using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire containing participants’ biodata, history, pattern and perception of use of SLP. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.

Results

A total of 110 respondents completed the study with over half (62; 56.4%) of them ranging between 20 and 24 years of age. The prevalence of SLP use was 45/110(40.9%) with facial cleansers being the commonest product used [23/45(51.1%)]. Over 80% of participants knew SLP could cause adverse effects with ‘skin irritation’ being the most identified [71/110(64.5%)]. Although most (80%) respondents did not think that light skin was superior to dark skin, ‘removal of discoloration/dark spots’ (40%) and ‘cosmetic reasons’ (37.8%) were the commonest reasons for use. Determinants of use of SLP were light skin color (OR 3.8, 1.572–9.318), history of use among relatives (OR 3.3, 1.384–7.793) and awareness of adverse effects (OR 3.3, 1.129–9.740).

Conclusion

The prevalence of use of SLP was quite high among the respondents and was predicted by ‘skin color’, ‘use among relatives’ and ‘awareness of adverse effects’. Education of the general public on their adverse effects is paramount to avoid harmful use.
Air‐Processed MAPbBr3 Perovskite Thin Film with Ultrastability and Enhanced Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Authors: Wang Zhujun , Luo Mengyi , Liu Yanghua , Li Maohan , Pi Mingyu , Yang Jie , Chen Yonghua , Zhang Zeyu , Du Juan , Zhang Dingke , Liu Zhengzheng , Chen Shijian
Published: May 2021

The poor stability, in particular with respect to temperature, moisture, and light exposure, remains a ubiquitous impediment virtually for metal halide perovskite materials and devices in their future practical application. Herein, from the perspective of precursor solution chemistry, ionic liquid solvent methylammonium acetate (MAAc) is introduced to prepare high‐quality MAPbBr3 perovskite thin films in a one‐step air‐processing process without anti‐solvent treatment. Due to formation of pinhole‐free, uniform, and compact MAPbBr3 perovskite film, excellent amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with high emission efficiency and low threshold is obtained under nanosecond laser. Furthermore, the prepared MAPbBr3 perovskite exhibits excellent two‐photon induced ASE with a low threshold of 100 µJ cm−2 under 800 nm femtosecond laser excitation. More importantly, in comparison with the traditional MAPbBr3 films prepared with N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the MAPbBr3 film prepared with MAAc shows excellent optical stability: no signs of degradation under more than 2 h pulsed laser excitation, stable ASE emission spectra under the humidity of 95% and ASE spectra can be stimulated when films are kept in air for more than 6000 h without encapsulation.
Floating Interlayer and Surface Electrons in 2D Materials: Graphite, Electrides, and Electrenes
Authors: Inoshita Takeshi , Saito Susumu , Hosono Hideo
Published: May 2021

Over the last half century, layered materials have been at the forefront of materials science, spearheading the discovery of new phenomena and functionalities. Certain layered materials are known to possess electronic states unassociated with any of the constituent atoms, having a large proportion of their probability amplitude in the space between the layers. Usually, such a nucleus‐free interlayer state has energy above the Fermi level and is unoccupied. However, the energy decreases when cations are intercalated and may cross the Fermi level, as in the case of C6Ca, a superconductor with a Tc of 11.5 K. A major thrust to the research of interlayer electrons comes with the discovery of layered electrides, which are alternating stacks of positively charged ionic layers and negatively charged sheets of electrons in the interlayer space. When intercalation compounds and layered electrides are thinned down to the atomic scale, the interlayer states survive as surface states floating over the surface. This review provides a unified overview of the two classes of materials hosting interlayer floating electrons near the Fermi level, intercalation compounds and layered electrides, and their properties, including high electron mobility, low work function, ultralow interlayer friction, superconductivity, and plasmonic properties.
Phishing email strategies: Understanding cybercriminals' strategies of crafting phishing emails
Authors: Stojnic Tatyana , Vatsalan Dinusha , Arachchilage Nalin A. G.
Published: May 2021

It is a known fact that cybercriminals often manipulate people to steal sensitive information. However, there has been a lack of research in investigating cybercriminals' strategies and the evolution of strategies when crafting phishing emails to entice people to perform a variety of malicious tasks such as clicking on fraudulent links. This study uses a combination of Natural Language Processing (NLP), topic modeling, and clustering techniques to analyze and evaluate the persuasive techniques/strategies, which cybercriminals use when crafting fraudulent emails. Our experimental results revealed the efficacy of using these techniques in understanding cybercriminals' mindset as well as how certain aspects of these techniques maintained consistency despite the evolution of the strategy from early Nigerian scams to more modern phishing emails. The findings of our study indicate that the most common technique/strategy used by cybercriminals is a combination of creating a sense of urgency while promising a reward. Moreover, despite the evolution of technology, cybercriminals are still effectively using the same persuasive techniques. Based on our findings, we provided several recommendations to improve anti‐phishing software and awareness and training programs.
Modeling of Flow Behaviors in a Swirling Flow Tundish for the Deep Cleaning of Molten Steel
Authors: Huang Wenxin , Chang Sheng , Zou Zongshu , Shao Lei , Qu Yingxia , Li Baokuan
Published: May 2021

A swirling flow tundish is developed to deeply clean the liquid steel through enhancing the coalescence of inclusions. The swirling flow is generated using the gravitational energy of liquid steel, without any external energy. Inclusions will gather to the center of the swirling flow by centripetal force, due to the density difference between inclusions and liquid steel. Thus, small inclusions can coalesce into larger ones, and then float to the top surface by their self‐buoyance. Physical experiments are carried out in a 1/2.5 scale five‐strand tundish, to investigate flow characteristics in the swirling flow tundish, compared with that in the tundish with a conventional turbulent inhibitor. Numerical modeling is developed to evaluate the swirling strength of liquid flow in swirling chambers in different sizes, which is related to the effect of inclusion coalescence. The results reveal that swirling chamber in diameter of 700 mm produces the highest swirling flow strength. The swirling system can not only improve the flow field, with a 21.75% reduction of dead volume, but also uniform flow characteristics at each strand. In addition, the swirling chamber inhibits the normal impact of the reversed flow on tundish surface, which is beneficial for remaining a stable slag layer.
Model‐driven architecture based security analysis
Authors: Mili Saoussen , Nguyen Nga , Chelouah Rachid
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a Model‐Driven Architecture approach for the development of an embedded system validation platform namely Model‐Based Security Analysis for Embedded Systems (MBSAES). The security properties are formally modeled and verified at an early stage of the design process of the system, which helps to reduce late errors and development time. A separation of the attack scenarios and the system design from the implementation details has been respected. To transform semi‐formal models from SysML to NuSVM model checking platform, two Model‐to‐Text, horizontal and exogenous transformations have been implemented. The first one employs a programming approach with Java to create a Computational Tree Logic specification from an Extended Attack Tree, whereas the second one uses a template approach with Acceleo to generate NuSMV code from SysML structural and behavioral models. To illustrate our approach, a case study, involving attacks aiming to unlock car door systems, via signal jamming and code replaying, is considered. The results of this research will contribute to the automatic validation of system designs against security vulnerabilities via a database of extended attack trees building from existing atomic attacks.
Effects of manganese on microglia M1/M2 polarization and SIRT1‐mediated transcription of STAT3‐dependent genes in mouse
Authors: Yan Dongying , Gao Liang , Lang Jing , Gao Xianhui , Ma Honglin
Published: May 2021

Overexposure to manganese (Mn) can lead to neurological diseases, characterized by behavioral and motor impairments. Microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial M1 and M2 phenotypes play pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory roles, respectively, in response to microenvironmental disturbances. Silent information regulator (SIRT1) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the neuroinflammatory response by deacetylating various transcription factors, such as proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, PGC‐1α and STAT3 have been implicated in microglial polarization and inflammatory response. In this study, Mn exposure (50, 100, 200 μmol/kg) induced neuroinflammatory injury and interfered with microglial M1/M2 polarization in mice, as indicated by the upregulated expression of M1 polarization marker mRNA (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and iNOS), whereas changes in M2 polarization markers (IL‐4, TGF‐β, and Arg1) varied, with some increasing and some decreasing, in response to increasing Mn doses, which was consistent with the flow cytometry results used to detect the percentages of each microglial type. We found that Mn could downregulate SIRT1 expression and activate NF‐κB signaling. Following mice in the 200 μmol/kg Mn treatment, STAT3 and PGC‐1α levels in the nuclear fraction both significantly decreased, and the interaction between the proteins decreased, affecting the transcription of STAT3‐mediated genes. These findings provide new insights regarding the role played by Mn neurotoxicity in the suppression of neuroinflammation through the regulation of microglial polarization.
Emerging technologies for mixed industrial wastewater treatment in developing countries: An overview
Authors: Nidheesh Puthiya Veetil , Ravindran Vyshakh , Gopinath Ashitha , Kumar M. Suresh
Published: May 2021

Treatment of mixed industrial wastewater is a great challenge in common effluent treatment plants due to the complex nature of wastewater from different industries. This review outlines the emerging technologies adopted for mixed industrial wastewater treatment in developing nations. The potential for integrating two or more technologies to enhance treatment efficiency is also addressed. Major issues associated with mixed industrial wastewater treatment were found to be low biodegradable nature and presence of toxic compounds in wastewater. Moreover, the composition of wastewater fluctuates and differs significantly from the composition considered during the design of common effluent treatment plants. Biological methods, constructed wetlands, membrane separation methods, electrochemical methods, and advanced oxidation processes are some of the techniques that have been applied for the treatment of mixed industrial wastewater. Advanced oxidation process–based treatment methods were found to be very efficient as the process was able to improve biodegradability and reduce toxicity levels of wastewater along with a significant reduction in organic carbon. Among the biological methods and constructed wetlands, hybrid or integrated technologies were found effective to reduce the contamination level of wastewater. Implementation, operation, and maintenance of technologies mentioned above in a real field would be the thrust areas for future research.
Carol Woolley Hill
Authors: Aitken Maureen M.
Published: May 2021

A much‐adored mum, granny and wife who filled many people's lives with love and fun. As a vet, she was a north London legend with a remarkable ability to connect with people and make a difference.
Chronic health conditions and voter turnout: Results from the 2012 United States presidential election
Authors: M. McGuire Cydney , Rahn Wendy , E. Gollust Sarah
Published: May 2021

This study examined associations between diagnoses with five chronic health conditions (diabetes, cancer, heart disease, asthma, and arthritis) and turnout in the 2012 US presidential election. We used cross‐sectional survey data from 16 states from the 2013 and 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We estimated a logistic regression model with the main dependent variable as a survey item asking respondents if they voted. We also estimated logistic regression models stratified by race/ethnicity to assess whether the chronic health condition–turnout relationships varied within each racial/ethnic group. Results show that individuals diagnosed with diabetes were 7 percentage‐points more likely to vote that those who were not. Stratified models revealed these diabetes–turnout relationships are particularly strong among those who identified as Hispanic and multiracial. Other health characteristics demonstrated consistency with previous literature, including lower self‐rated health being associated with lower odds of turnout. Our research suggests an intriguing new relationship between the experience of diabetes and a higher propensity to vote and that different chronic health conditions have varying associations with the likelihood to vote, implying that some groups are more vulnerable to being underrepresented in politics.
Toxic and carcinogenic constituents of jewelry in the Indian retail market determined using x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Rathore Nishat , Tandel Sujit K.
Published: May 2021

The elemental composition of about 60 items of precious and non‐precious jewelry in the Indian retail market has been explored through x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements using silicon drift and high‐purity germanium detectors. The proportions of various elements have been established through the use of Gaussian fitting and background subtraction routines, along with corrections for photopeak detection efficiencies at different energies. Tabulated XRF yields were accounted for in the determination of proportions however matrix correction and absorption enhancement effects, if present, could not be included. The non‐destructive characterization and quantification allowed by x‐ray spectrometric methods indicate the presence of significant amounts of toxic bromine and antimony in fashion jewelry. A disturbing trend observed in many items of non‐precious, metal imitation jewelry is that carcinogenic cadmium is the predominant constituent (around 80% w/w) which poses a significant health hazard for a large section of the population. The proportion of cadmium is found to be far greater than the minor fractions reported earlier. It has been determined that cadmium continues to be added to precious jewelry, albeit in smaller amounts, though its use is restricted by existing regulations. This pan‐Indian study underscores the urgent necessity to inspect and regulate, particularly the metal imitation and fashion jewelry business, in order to mitigate the harmful effects of some of the constituent elements on human health and the environment.
Standard model from a supergravity model with a naturally small cosmological constant
Authors: Li Shing Yan , Qiu Yu-Cheng , Tye S.-H. Henry
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Guided by the naturalness criterion for an exponentially small cosmological constant, we present a string theory motivated 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 non-linear supergravity model (or its linear version with a nilpotent superfield) with spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. The model encompasses the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the racetrack Kähler uplift, and the KKLT anti-D3-branes, and use the nilpotent superfield to project out the undesirable interaction terms as well as the unwanted degrees of freedom to end up with the standard model (not the supersymmetric version) of strong and electroweak interactions.
Tripartite entanglement and quantum correlation
Authors: Guo Xingyu , Ma Chen-Te
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We provide an analytical tripartite-study from the generalized R-matrix. It provides the upper bound of the maximum violation of Mermin’s inequality. For a generic 2-qubit pure state, the concurrence or R-matrix characterizes the maximum violation of Bell’s inequality. Therefore, people expect that the maximum violation should be proper to quantify Quantum Entanglement. The R-matrix gives the maximum violation of Bell’s inequality. For a general 3-qubit state, we have five invariant entanglement quantities up to local unitary transformations. We show that the five invariant quantities describe the correlation in the generalized R-matrix. The violation of Mermin’s inequality is not a proper diagnosis due to the non-monotonic behavior. We then classify 3-qubit quantum states. Each classification quantifies Quantum Entanglement by the total concurrence. In the end, we relate the experiment correlators to Quantum Entanglement.
Entanglement entropy in cubic gravitational theories
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Vásquez Rodrigo Castillo , López Alejandro Vilar
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We derive the holographic entanglement entropy functional for a generic gravitational theory whose action contains terms up to cubic order in the Riemann tensor, and in any dimension. This is the simplest case for which the so-called splitting problem manifests itself, and we explicitly show that the two common splittings present in the literature — minimal and non-minimal — produce different functionals. We apply our results to the particular examples of a boundary disk and a boundary strip in a state dual to 4- dimensional Poincaré AdS in Einsteinian Cubic Gravity, obtaining the bulk entanglement surface for both functionals and finding that causal wedge inclusion is respected for both splittings and a wide range of values of the cubic coupling.
All order effective action for charge diffusion from Schwinger-Keldysh holography
Authors: Bu Yanyan , Demircik Tuna , Lublinsky Michael
Published: May 2021

Abstract

An effective action for diffusion of a conserved U(1) charge is derived to all orders in the derivative expansion within a holographic model dual to the Schwinger-Keldysh closed time path. A systematic approach to solution of the 5D Maxwell equations in a doubled Schwarzschild-AdS5 black brane geometry is developed. Constitutive relation for the stochastic charge current is shown to have a term induced by thermal fluctuations (coloured noise). All transport coefficient functions parameterising the effective action and constitutive relations are computed analytically in the hydrodynamic expansion, and then numerically for finite momenta.
Nonperturbative dynamics of (2+1)d ϕ4-theory from Hamiltonian truncation
Authors: Anand Nikhil , Katz Emanuel , Khandker Zuhair U. , Walters Matthew T.
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We use Lightcone Conformal Truncation (LCT)—a version of Hamiltonian truncation — to study the nonperturbative, real-time dynamics of ϕ4-theory in 2+1 dimensions. This theory has UV divergences that need to be regulated. We review how, in a Hamiltonian framework with a total energy cutoff, renormalization is necessarily state-dependent, and UV sensitivity cannot be canceled with standard local operator counter-terms. To overcome this problem, we present a prescription for constructing the appropriate state-dependent counterterms for (2+1)d ϕ4-theory in lightcone quantization. We then use LCT with this counterterm prescription to study ϕ4-theory, focusing on the ℤ2 symmetry-preserving phase. Specifically, we compute the spectrum as a function of the coupling and demonstrate the closing of the mass gap at a (scheme-dependent) critical coupling. We also compute Lorentz-invariant two-point functions, both at generic strong coupling and near the critical point, where we demonstrate IR universality and the vanishing of the trace of the stress tensor.
The bi-conical vector model at 1/N
Authors: Chai Noam , Rabinovici Eliezer , Sinha Ritam , Smolkin Michael
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We study finite N aspects of the O(m) × O(N − m) vector model with quartic interactions in general 2 ≤ d ≤ 6 spacetime dimensions. This model has recently been shown [1, 2] to display the phenomenon of persistent symmetry breaking at a perturbative Wilson-Fisher-like fixed point in d = 4 − ϵ dimensions. The large rank limit of the biconical model displays a conformal manifold and a moduli space of vacua. We find a set of three double trace scalar operators that are respectively irrelevant, relevant and marginal deformations of the conformal manifold in general d. We calculate the anomalous dimensions of the single and multi-trace scalar operators to the first sub-leading order in the large rank expansion. The anomalous dimension of the marginal operator does not vanish in general, indicating that the conformal manifold is lifted at finite N . In the case of equal ranks we are able to derive explicitly the scaling dimensions of various operators as functions of only d.
String integrability of defect CFT and dynamical reflection matrices
Authors: Linardopoulos Georgios , Zarembo Konstantin
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The D3-D5 probe-brane system is holographically dual to a defect CFT which is known to be integrable. The evidence comes mainly from the study of correlation functions at weak coupling. In the present work we shed light on the emergence of integrability on the string theory side. We do so by constructing the double row transfer matrix which is conserved when the appropriate boundary conditions are imposed. The corresponding reflection matrix turns out to be dynamical and depends both on the spectral parameter and the string embedding coordinates.
Snowfall and snowpack in the Western U.S. as captured by convection permitting climate simulations: current climate and pseudo global warming future climate
Authors: Ikeda Kyoko , Rasmussen Roy , Liu Changhai , Newman Andrew , Chen Fei , Barlage Mike , Gutmann Ethan , Dudhia Jimy , Dai Aiguo , Luce Charles , Musselman Keith
Published: May 2021

This study examines current and future western U.S. snowfall and snowpack through current and future climate simulations with a 4-km horizontal grid spacing cloud permitting regional climate model over the entire CONtinental U.S. for a 13-year period between 2001 and 2013. At this horizontal resolution, the spatiotemporal distribution of the orographic snowfall and snowpack is well captured partly due to the ability of the model to realistically simulate mesoscale and microphysical features such as orographically induced updrafts driving clouds and precipitation. The historical simulation well captures the observed snowfall and snowpack amounts and pattern in the western U.S. The future climate simulation uses the Pseudo-Global Warming approach, taking the climate change signal from CMIP5 multi-model ensemble-mean difference between 2070–2099 and 1976–2005. The results show that the thermodynamic impacts of climate change in the western U.S. can be characterized considering mountain ranges in two distinct geographic regions: the mountain ranges close to the Pacific Ocean (coastal ranges) and those in the inter-mountain west. Climate change out to 2100 significantly impacts all aspects of the water cycle, with pronounced climate change response in the coastal ranges. A notable result is that the snowpack in the Pacific Northwest is predicted to decrease by ~ 70% by 2100. Trends of this magnitude have already been observed in the historical data and in previous studies. The current Pseudo Global Warming future climate simulation and previous global climate simulations all suggest that these trends will continue to the point that most snowpack will be gone by 2100 in the Pacific Northwest for the most aggressive RCP8.5 climate scenario, even if annual precipitation increases by 10%. Future work will focus on extending the current convective permitting results to a full climate change simulation allowing for dynamical changes in the flow.
Orchestrating children’s action: an in-depth multimodal analysis of child-educator interactions in one Italian early childhood education setting
Authors: Fatigante Marilena , Antici Lilia , Zucchermaglio Cristina , Fantasia Valentina , Alby Francesca
Published: May 2021

Early childhood educational centers (ECEC) are contexts where young children make their first contact with specific, culturally determined rules, practices, and values. Only a few studies have analyzed in-depth the practices through which the educators direct the children’s action and attention while they are performing routine educational activities. By means of detailed transcription of educators-children conversations and Conversation Analytic methodology, this work examines a set of videorecorded interactions collected in one Italian ECE center (“nido”), particularly focusing on the verbal and multimodal resources employed by ECEC teachers as they manage episodes, where the children diverge from an expected course of action. Analyses reveal that the educators employ a variety of multimodal resources to orchestrate the child’s attention and actions toward the desired course of activity, which open spaces where the child’s agency, however more or less strongly reprimanded, is admitted and negotiated.
Voting with random classifiers (VORACE): theoretical and experimental analysis
Authors: Cornelio Cristina , Donini Michele , Loreggia Andrea , Pini Maria Silvia , Rossi Francesca
Published: May 2021

In many machine learning scenarios, looking for the best classifier that fits a particular dataset can be very costly in terms of time and resources. Moreover, it can require deep knowledge of the specific domain. We propose a new technique which does not require profound expertise in the domain and avoids the commonly used strategy of hyper-parameter tuning and model selection. Our method is an innovative ensemble technique that uses voting rules over a set of randomly-generated classifiers. Given a new input sample, we interpret the output of each classifier as a ranking over the set of possible classes. We then aggregate these output rankings using a voting rule, which treats them as preferences over the classes. We show that our approach obtains good results compared to the state-of-the-art, both providing a theoretical analysis and an empirical evaluation of the approach on several datasets.
Human–Animal Relations in Business and Society: Advancing the Feminist Interpretation of Stakeholder Theory
Authors: Tallberg Linda , García-Rosell José-Carlos , Haanpää Minni
Published: May 2021

Stakeholder theory has largely been anthropocentric in its focus on human actors and interests, failing to recognise the impact of nonhumans in business and organisations. This leads to an incomplete understanding of organisational contexts that include key relationships with nonhuman animals. In addition, the limited scholarly attention paid to nonhumans as stakeholders has mostly been conceptual to date. Therefore, we develop a stakeholder theory with animals illustrated through two ethnographic case studies: an animal shelter and Nordic husky businesses. We focus our feminist reading of Driscoll and Starik’s (J Bus Ethics 49:55–73, 2004) stakeholder attributes for nonhumans and extend this to include affective salience built on embodied affectivity and knowledge, memories, action and care. Findings reveal that nonhuman animals are important actors in practice, affecting organisational operations through human–animal care relationships. In addition to confirming animals are stakeholders, we further contribute to stakeholder theory by offering ways to better listen to nontraditional actors.
Modification of cotton fabrics with 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride for salt-free dyeing with anionic dyes
Authors: Tang Peixin , Lockett Leilah-Marie E. , Zhang Mengxiao , Sun Gang
Published: May 2021

A chemical modification of cotton fabrics by 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride (DEAE-Cl) was achieved, and the resulted cotton fabrics demonstrated salt-free dyeing properties with anionic dyes. Nucleophilic property of hydroxyl groups in cotton cellulose was enhanced under alkaline conditions and could react with DEAE-Cl, a chemical possessing both nucleophilic and electrophilic sites. The monolayered DEAE-grafted cotton cellulose could further react with DEAE-Cl to form multiple cationic quaternary ammonium salts (denoted as DEAE@Cotton), which are highly interactive with anionic dye molecules. The strong electrostatic interactions between the DEAE@Cotton and the dyes eliminated the use of inorganic salts in cotton dyeing process. The chemical structure and property of DEAE@Cotton were characterized and compared with untreated cotton. The DEAE@Cotton can be dyed in a salt-free system, and the dye exhaustion was faster than the conventional dyeing method due to the robust electrostatic interactions of the fabrics with anionic dyes. The dyed fabrics demonstrated outstanding color fastness under repeated washing, light exposure, and crocking. The dye adsorption process on DEAE@Cotton follows Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9667). The mechanism of enhanced dyeability was experimentally proved by treating the fabric with other anionic dyes in a salt-free system, proving the process to be environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

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Oversized Area Indications on Bonus Packs Fail to Affect Consumers’ Transactional Decisions—More Experimental Evidence on the Mars Case
Authors: Purnhagen K. P. , van Herpen E. , Kamps S. , Michetti F.
Published: May 2021

Findings from behavioural research are gaining increased interest in EU legislation, specifically in the area of unfair commercial practices. Prior research on the Mars case (Purnhagen and van Herpen 2017) has left open whether empirical evidence can provide an indication that this practice of using oversized indications of additional volume alters the transactional decision of consumers. This, however, is required to determine the “misleadingness” of such a practice in the legal sense as stipulated by the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC. The current paper closes this gap by illustrating how behavioural research can inform legal interpretation. In particular, it extends the previous research in two important ways: first, by examining the actual choice that people make; and second, by investigating whether the effects remain present in a context where a comparison product is available. Yet, while supporting and extending the findings of the study from Purnhagen and van Herpen (2017) on deceptiveness, the current study could not produce empirical evidence of a clear influence on the transactional decision of consumers, in the way “UCPD” requires.
Influence of Annular Dynamics and Material Behavior in Finite Element Analysis of Barlow’s Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Aguilera Hans Martin , Urheim Stig , Skallerud Bjørn , Prot Victorien
Published: May 2021

Barlow’s disease affects the entire mitral valve apparatus, by altering several of the fundamental mechanisms in the mitral valve which ensures unidirectional blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle. In this paper, a finite element model of a patient diagnosed with Barlow’s disease with patient-specific geometry and boundary conditions is presented. The geometry and boundary conditions are extracted from the echocardiographic assessment of the patient prior to surgery. Material properties representing myxomatous, healthy human and animal mitral valves are implemented and computed response are compared with each other and the echocardiographic images of the patient. This study shows that the annular dilation observed in Barlow’s patients controls several aspects of the mitral valve behavior during ventricular systole. The coaptation of the leaflets is observed to be highly dependent on annular dilation, and the coaptation area reduces rapidly at the onset of mitral regurgitation. Furthermore, the leaflet material implementation is important to predict lack of closure in the FE model correctly. It was observed that using healthy human material parameters in the Barlow’s diseased FE geometry gave severe lack of closure from the onset of mitral regurgitation, while myxomatous material properties showed a more physiological leakage.
Ariel planetary interiors White Paper
Authors: Helled Ravit , Werner Stephanie , Dorn Caroline , Guillot Tristan , Ikoma Masahiro , Ito Yuichi , Kama Mihkel , Lichtenberg Tim , Miguel Yamila , Shorttle Oliver , Tackley Paul J. , Valencia Diana , Vazan Allona
Published: May 2021

The recently adopted Ariel ESA mission will measure the atmospheric composition of a large number of exoplanets. This information will then be used to better constrain planetary bulk compositions. While the connection between the composition of a planetary atmosphere and the bulk interior is still being investigated, the combination of the atmospheric composition with the measured mass and radius of exoplanets will push the field of exoplanet characterisation to the next level, and provide new insights of the nature of planets in our galaxy. In this white paper, we outline the ongoing activities of the interior working group of the Ariel mission, and list the desirable theoretical developments as well as the challenges in linking planetary atmospheres, bulk composition and interior structure.
Plane polar Cremona maps of arbitrarily large degree in positive characteristic
Authors: Bignalet-Cazalet Rémi
Published: May 2021

A result of I.V. Dolgachev states that the complex homaloidal polynomials in three variables, i.e. the complex homogeneous polynomials whose polar map is birational, are of degree at most three. In this note we describe homaloidal polynomials in three variables of arbitrarily large degree in positive characteristic. Using combinatorial arguments, we also classify line arrangements whose polar map is homaloidal in positive characteristic.
The Cyclical Return of the IQ Controversy: Revisiting the Lessons of the Resolution on Genetics, Race and Intelligence
Authors: Serpico Davide
Published: May 2021

In 1976, the Genetics Society of America (GSA) published a document entitled “Resolution of Genetics, Race, and Intelligence.” This document laid out the Society’s position in the IQ controversy, particularly that on scientific and ethical questions involving the genetics of intellectual differences between human populations. Since the GSA was the largest scientific society of geneticists in the world, many expected the document to be of central importance in settling the controversy. Unfortunately, the Resolution had surprisingly little influence on the discussion. In 1979, William Provine analyzed the possible factors that decreased the impact of the Resolution, among them scientists’ limited understanding of the relationship between science and ethics. Through the analysis of unpublished versions of the Resolution and exchanges between GSA members, I will suggest that the limited impact of the statement likely depended on a shift in the aims of the GSA due to the controversies that surrounded the preparation of the document. Indeed, the demands of the membership made it progressively more impartial in both scientific and political terms, decreasing its potential significance for a wider audience. Notably, the troubled history of the Resolution raises the question of what can make effective or ineffective the communication between scientists and the public—a question with resonance in past and present discussions on topics of social importance.