bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATLANTIC HALBERDS AS BELL BEAKER WEAPONS IN IBERIA: TOMB 1 OF HUMANEJOS (PARLA, MADRID, SPAIN)
Authors: Garrido‐Pena Rafael , Flores Fernández Raúl , Herrero‐Corral Ana M. , Muñoz Moro Pedro , Gutiérrez Saez Carmen , Paulos‐Bravo Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

The recent discovery of an Atlantic halberd among other abundant and rich grave goods in the Bell Beaker double tomb 1 of Humanejos (Parla, Madrid) demonstrates that this type of weapon was part of the Beaker panoply. It is the first example of an Atlantic halberd in a Beaker burial context in Iberia and only the second one in Europe. The remaining halberds come from old and isolated finds in Early Bronze Age deposits that were usually interpreted as post‐Beaker votive deposits. In this paper the Humanejos halberd and its archaeological context (human remains, burial structure, radiocarbon dates) are carefully examined. The study includes the technical analysis of the halberd (metal composition, lead isotopes, use‐wear traces), together with the other metallic weapons and tools recovered with it (Palmela points, tanged dagger, awl) as well as the rest of the offerings (Beaker pottery, ivory and bone adornments). All these data suggest that this exceptionally rich grave could have held a woman and a man of the social elite, with the power to concentrate important amounts of precious raw materials (copper, gold, ivory, cinnabar) in few hands, especially when compared to other contemporary graves in the same site and region.
A novel mannose‐containing sialoprotein adhesin involved in the binding of Candida albicans cells to DMBT1
Authors: Setoguchi Daisuke , Nagata Emi , Oho Takahiko
Published: June 2022

Candida albicans colonizes the oral cavity and causes oral candidiasis and early childhood caries synergistically with cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Colonization of oral tissues with C. albicans is an essential step in the initiation of these infectious diseases. Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1), also known as salivary agglutinin or gp‐340, belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich (SRCR) superfamily and has important functions in innate immunity. In the oral cavity, DMBT1 causes microbial adherence to tooth enamel and oral mucosa surfaces, but the adherence of C. albicans to DMBT1 has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the binding of C. albicans to DMBT1 and isolated the fungal components responsible for the binding. Candida albicans specifically bound to DMBT1 and strongly bound to the peptide domain SRCRP2. Binding to SRCRP2 was inhibited by N‐acetylneuraminic acid and mannose and by lectins recognizing these sugars. The isolated component had a molecular mass of 25 kDa, contained sialic acid and mannose residues, and inhibited C. albicans binding to SRCRP2. The localization of the 25‐kDa protein on the surface of C. albicans cell walls was confirmed by immunostaining and a cell ELISA using an antiserum to the protein, and Western blotting revealed the presence of the 25‐kDa protein in the cell wall fraction of C. albicans. These results suggest that the isolated adhesin is localized on the surface of C. albicans cell walls and that sialic acid and mannose residues in the adhesin play a significant role in the binding reaction.
Women's Legal Rights and Gender Gaps in Property Ownership in Developing Countries
Authors: Gaddis Isis , Lahoti Rahul , Swaminathan Hema
Published: June 2022

Women's property ownership matters for their well‐being and agency, broader economic prosperity, and children's development. However, until recently, a lack of data has constrained further exploration of gender differences in property ownership in the developing world. Using data from 41 developing countries, this paper contributes to the literature by investigating gender gaps in the incidence of property ownership among couples and the factors associated with these gaps, focusing on the role of legal systems. We find that in almost all countries, husbands are more likely to own property than wives. Across countries in our sample, husbands are, on average, 2.7 times more like than wives to own property alone and 1.4 times more likely to own property alone or jointly. Within countries, gender gaps in the incidence of property ownership are most pronounced for disadvantaged groups, that is, the rural population and the poorest quintile. These gender gaps reflect a variety of factors, including discriminatory laws with respect to inheritance, property ownership, marital regimes, and laws that protect from workplace discrimination. Countries with more gender egalitarian legal regimes have higher levels of property ownership by married women, especially housing, suggesting that legal reforms are a potential mechanism to increase women's property ownership.
Interplay between LHCSR proteins and state transitions governs the NPQ response in Chlamydomonas during light fluctuations
Authors: Steen Collin J. , Burlacot Adrien , Short Audrey H. , Niyogi Krishna K. , Fleming Graham R.
Published: June 2022

Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight as the primary energy source to fix CO2. However, in nature, light energy is highly variable, reaching levels of saturation for periods ranging from milliseconds to hours. In the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, safe dissipation of excess light energy by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is mediated by light‐harvesting complex stress‐related (LHCSR) proteins and redistribution of light‐harvesting antennae between the photosystems (state transition). Although each component underlying NPQ has been documented, their relative contributions to NPQ under fluctuating light conditions remain unknown. Here, by monitoring NPQ in intact cells throughout high light/dark cycles of various illumination periods, we find that the dynamics of NPQ depend on the timescales of light fluctuations. We show that LHCSRs play a major role during the light phases of light fluctuations and describe their role in growth under rapid light fluctuations. We further reveal an activation of NPQ during the dark phases of all high light/dark cycles and show that this phenomenon arises from state transition. Finally, we show that LHCSRs and state transition synergistically cooperate to enable NPQ response during light fluctuations. These results highlight the dynamic functioning of photoprotection under light fluctuations and open a new way to systematically characterize the photosynthetic response to an ever‐changing light environment.
Chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated photodynamic therapy in the treatment of stage‐II chronic periodontitis among smokers
Authors: Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Alshahrani Obaid Abdullah , Al‐Shehri Abdullah M. , Khan Aftab Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To assess the clinical periodontal, bacterial, and immunological outcomes of chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to dental scaling (DS) versus DS alone among cigarette smokers (CS) and never‐smokers (NS).

Methods

A total of 26 patients (13 CS and 13 NS) with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of stage‐II chronic periodontitis were recruited. Each patient from both groups were subjected with two parallel therapies (split‐mouth): PDT + DS (test side) and DS alone (control side). Periodontal parameters were investigated by evaluating plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and alveolar bone loss (ABL). Subgingival plaque was collected to detect and quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assay. Gingival crevicular fluid was sampled for the quantification of interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. All assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results

Bleeding on probing was significantly reduced at 6 months after PDT + DS in CS groups (p < .05). Mean PD and CAL significantly reduced after both PDT + DS and DS subgroups and among NS and CS groups (p < .05). At 6 months follow‐up, the copy number of both P. gingivalis and T. forsythia remained significantly high in CS group (p < .01). Only PDT + DS subgroup in CS significantly reduced the counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia at 3 months and 6 months (p < .05). Only at 6 months did PDT + DS showed statistically significantly reduced IL‐1β levels in the NS group (p < .01). TNF‐α levels significantly reduced in CS group with PDT + DS and DS alone at both 3 months and 6 months follow‐up (p < .01).

Conclusion

Chloro‐aluminum phthalocyanine‐mediated PDT helped to improve the non‐surgical periodontal therapy outcomes among stage‐II chronic periodontitis patients among smokers and never‐smokers.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of IgG4‐positive marginal zone lymphoma: Systematic scoping review
Authors: Nishimura Yoshito , Wien Eric Andrew , Nishimura Midori Filiz , Nishikori Asami , Sato Yasuharu , Otsuka Fumio
Published: June 2022

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐positive marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is rare and undefined. It is unclear whether IgG4‐positive MZLs have as favorable an outcome as MZLs in general. Also, correlation with IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) and IgG4‐positive MZLs is unknown. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all peer‐reviewed articles using keywords including“IgG4” and “marginal zone lymphoma” from their inception to February 20, 2022. Twenty‐two articles, including six observational studies and 24 cases from 16 case reports and case series, were included. Only one study had a comparative group, and the other five were exploratory observational studies. IgG4‐positive MZLs commonly occurred in males (83.3%). It primarily involved ocular adnexa (41.7%) and skin (29.2%). Only 29.2% had concurrent IgG4‐RD, and no expiration was noted. While most cases were treated with excision, resection, or clinical observation, 21.7% received rituximab‐cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone as a first‐line treatment. This systematic review summarizes the current understanding of the characteristics of IgG4‐positive MZLs. While there seems to be IgG4‐RD‐related and de novo IgG4‐positive MZLs, future research needs to clearly define MZL with polyclonal IgG4‐positive cells and IgG4‐producing lymphoma. Further studies are critical to clarifying long‐term prognosis and optimal surveillance planning.
Children's and adolescents’ conversations with mothers about offenders’ and victims’ responsibility for harm in their experiences of being hurt by a peer
Authors: Saint‐Martin Anna , Badasu Mawuena , Recchia Holly , Wainryb Cecilia , Dirks Melanie
Published: June 2022

This study investigated mothers’ and children's constructions of meaning about responsibility for harm in conversations about two experiences when children were hurt by a peer and felt they had either contributed or not contributed to the situation. The sample included 105 Canadian mothers (75% White) and their children (53 girls, 52 boys) across three age groups (M ages = 6.92, 11.14, 15.89 years). Overall, mothers and children emphasized different aspects of responsibility; mothers made more evaluations of acts and discussed the avoidability of harm whereas children referred more to hurtful acts, consequences, reasons, and subsequent responses. Discussions of the child's and peer's responsibility were responsive to the child's perspective on events. The child's responsibility for self‐protection was particularly emphasized by mothers and when the child felt they had not contributed to the situation. Children more often mitigated their responsibility as compared to their mothers, and older children referred more to their own and their peer's responsibility for harm. Findings illuminate how conversations with mothers may inform children's judgments of their own and others’ roles in peer conflict.
Determinantes del consumo de bebidas azucaradas y estrategias de intervención relacionadas con su ingesta. Una revisión de enfoque.
Authors: Mantilla Caicedo Gilma Constanza , Robelto A Gloria E. , Olaya V Gilma , Fonseca N María F. , Herrera Angela V. , Otálora B María C.
Published: June 2022

Introducción: El consumo de bebidas azucaradas (SSB, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha reportado como un problema de salud pública por su relación con la aparición de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo: Analizar los determinantes relacionados con el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y las intervenciones realizadas para reducir el consumo. Método: Una revisión de literatura a partir de la consulta en nueve bases de datos, se incluyeron publicaciones durante el periodo 2010 - 2021, los cuales se consolidaron en una matriz en Excel. Los artículos se analizaron con base en 4 niveles de análisis para 4 categorías de determinantes y 1 de intervenciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron 79 artículos. En Latinoamérica, se obtuvieron 18 resultados de México, Brasil, Chile, Argentina y Perú. A nivel Colombia se encontraron 12 artículos, adicionales a 9 realizados en Bogotá en diferentes instituciones educativas, y a 3 en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ). Conclusiones: los principales determinantes del consumo de SSB son:  bajos ingresos, ser adolescente o adulto joven, sexo masculino, limitado conocimiento sobre la relación entre las SSB y la salud y disponibilidad de alimentos con alta densidad calórica, entre otros. Las intervenciones más prometedoras son el impuesto a SSB y el rotulado frontal.
Dolor torácico y elevación del segmento ST en paciente de 21 años con hipertiroidismo en debut: Reporte de caso
Authors: Escamilla Osorio Mario Germán , Tabares Arboleda Maria Paz , Niño Mahecha Freyberson Enrique , Camargo Arenas Juan Fernando
Published: June 2022

La tirotoxicosis es un trastorno endocrino común que se presenta con una amplia variedad de síntomas sistémicos y que afectan el aparato cardiovascular (1).

En la literatura, el hipertiroidismo se asocia a morbilidad y mortalidad cardiaca (2). Los síntomas relacionados con el aparato cardiovascular, como las palpitaciones o la angina, son una forma de presentación frecuente en los pacientes con hipertiroidismo. La estimulación adrenérgica, que se traduce en un aumento del gasto y contractibilidad cardiacas, puede inducir isquemia del miocardio (3), así como el vasoespasmo coronario transitorio que se informa hasta en el 20% de los pacientes con hipertiroidismo (4) y el efecto antagónico del calcio en el miocardio (5).

En esta revisión se presenta el caso de un paciente joven, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia que consulta al servicio de urgencias por cuadro de dolor torácico, con electrocardiograma que muestra elevación del segmento ST, sin embargo, con cateterismo cardiaco que reporta coronarias sanas y ecocardiograma que evidencia trastorno segmentario de la contractilidad y disminución de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo, atribuida a vasoespasmo coronario, por tirotoxicosis basado en los hallazgos de exámenes de laboratorio.
Reanimación cardiopulmonar. Cuando el corazón para ¿reanimar o acompañar?
Authors: Gempeler Fritz Eduardo , Olmos Muskus Natalia
Published: June 2022

Resumen:

Las maniobras de resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP) introducen un importante cambio de paradigma acerca de la reversibilidad de la muerte, que produce grandes expectativas en la población general incluso en los médicos. No obstante, a pesar de los avances médicos que han permitido obtener mejores desenlaces, la sobrevida a corto y largo plazo sigue siendo baja y en muchas ocasiones hay alteraciones significativas en la calidad de vida y funcionalidad de los sobrevivientes. Al conocer esta importante realidad surgen como una alternativa las ordenes de no reanimación (ONR) y diversas sociedades manifiestan la necesidad de instaurar indicaciones para el inicio y finalización de la RCP. Este articulo busca brindar herramientas que puedan ayudar en la toma de decisiones sobre las indicaciones de la RCP, así como generar una reflexión que permita reconocer nuestra limitación humana ante la muerte, entendiendo que en muchos casos lo mas beneficiosos será acompañar y no reanimar.

 

Palabras clave: Paro cardíaco, reanimación cardiopulmonar, órdenes de resucitación, bioética, ética clínica, directivas anticipadas
A Novel Classification Method to Random Samples for Efficient Reliability Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Wu Jinhui , Zhang Dequan , Han Xu
Published: June 2022

Reliability sensitivity analysis is important to measure how uncertainties influence the reliability of mechanical systems. This study aims to propose an efficient computational method for reliability sensitivity analysis with high accuracy and efficiency. In this study, coordinates of some points on the limit state function are first calculated through Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) iterative algorithm, and the partial derivative of system response relative to uncertain variables is obtained. The coordinate mapping relation and the partial derivative mapping relation are then established by radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) according to these points calculated by the LM iterative algorithm. Following that, the failure samples can be screened out from the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) sample set by the well-established mapping relations. Finally, the reliability sensitivity is calculated by these failure samples and kernel function, and the failure probability can be obtained correspondingly. Two benchmark examples and an application of industrial robot are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Comparative Energy Analysis of Dynamic External Shadings for Office Buildings
Authors: Krarti Moncef
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the energy performance of dynamic instead of static shading devices is investigated for prototypical US office spaces. Specifically, six dynamic shading systems are considered to assess their ability to reduce heating and cooling thermal loads, total building energy use, and electrical peak demand. The most promising dynamic shading is the rotating overhang and is evaluated further using a wide range of design and operation conditions. It is found that rotating overhangs can provide effective and easily controllable dynamic shading systems for windows to reduce the energy consumption of US office buildings by up to 39% especially for mild US climates. Moreover, the rotating overhangs have the added benefit to support PV panels for on-site electricity generation. A series of sensitivity analysis results indicate that the performance of the dynamic external shading systems depends on its depth and orientation, the location climate, the window size, and the glazing type have significant impacts. For instance, the dynamic shading device can reduce annual heating and cooling energy end-use for an office space located in Boulder, CO, compared to no shading case by 19% for a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 15% and by 31% for a WWR of 30%.
The dual influence of the reed resonance frequency and tonehole lattice cutoff frequency on sound production and radiation of a clarinet-like instrument
Authors: Petersen Erik Alan , Guillemain Philippe , Jousserand Michaël
Published: June 2022

The internal and external spectra of woodwind reed instruments are partially determined by the tonehole lattice cutoff and reed resonance frequencies. Because they can impact the spectrum in similar ways, a study of one without accounting for the other risks incomplete or false conclusions. Here, the dual effects of the cutoff and reed resonance frequencies are investigated using digital synthesis with clarinet-like academic resonators. It is shown that the odd and even harmonics have similar amplitudes at and above the cutoff frequency or reed resonance frequency, whichever is lowest. However, because the resonators radiate efficiently at the cutoff, it has the additional role of reinforcing the amplitude of both the odd and even harmonics in the external spectrum. The spectra are analyzed using the single value descriptors playing frequency, spectral centroid (SC), odd/even ratio (OER), and brightness as a function of the musician mouth pressure. Higher reed resonances correspond to higher values for all descriptors. The OER and brightness increase with resonator cutoff frequency, whereas the SC exhibits more complicated trends. The reed resonance has a larger impact on the “playing condition oscillation threshold,” implying that it may have a more important role in sustaining auto-oscillation.
Assessment methods for determining small changes in hearing performance over time
Authors: Brungart Douglas S. , Sherlock LaGuinn P. , Kuchinsky Stefanie E. , Perry Trevor T. , Bieber Rebecca E. , Grant Ken W. , Bernstein Joshua G. W.
Published: June 2022

Although the behavioral pure-tone threshold audiogram is considered the gold standard for quantifying hearing loss, assessment of speech understanding, especially in noise, is more relevant to quality of life but is only partly related to the audiogram. Metrics of speech understanding in noise are therefore an attractive target for assessing hearing over time. However, speech-in-noise assessments have more potential sources of variability than pure-tone threshold measures, making it a challenge to obtain results reliable enough to detect small changes in performance. This review examines the benefits and limitations of speech-understanding metrics and their application to longitudinal hearing assessment, and identifies potential sources of variability, including learning effects, differences in item difficulty, and between- and within-individual variations in effort and motivation. We conclude by recommending the integration of non-speech auditory tests, which provide information about aspects of auditory health that have reduced variability and fewer central influences than speech tests, in parallel with the traditional audiogram and speech-based assessments.
A wild hope
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: June 2022

Two decades after it disappeared in nature, the stunning blue Spix’s macaw will be reintroduced to its forest home
Monkeypox vaccination plans take shape amid questions
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: June 2022

Favored shot is a seemingly safer smallpox vaccine, but researchers debate how best to use it
Controversial botanist cleared
Authors: Piller Charles
Published: June 2022

Report sees “insufficient evidence” of misconduct
Did black volcanic rock help spark early life?
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: June 2022

Quenched lava may have helped form long RNA strands vital to primordial organisms
Molecular Modeling Predicts Novel Antibody Escape Mutations in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Glycoprotein
Authors: Beach Sierra S. , Hull McKenna A. , Ytreberg F. Marty , Patel Jagdish Suresh , Miura Tanya A.
Published: June 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe disease in young infants, particularly those with heart or lung diseases or born prematurely. Because no vaccine is currently available, monoclonal antibodies are used to prevent severe RSV disease in high-risk infants. While it is known that RSV evolves to avoid recognition by antibodies, screening tools that can predict which changes to the virus may lead to antibody resistance are greatly needed.
Conserved Viral Transcription Plays a Key Role in Virus-Like Particle Production of the Parasitoid Wasp
Venturia canescens
Authors: Cerqueira de Araujo Alexandra , Leobold Matthieu , Bézier Annie , Musset Karine , Uzbekov Rustem , Volkoff Anne-Nathalie , Drezen Jean-Michel , Huguet Elisabeth , Josse Thibaut
Published: June 2022

This study shows that endogenization of a nudivirus genome in a Campopleginae parasitoid wasp has led to the conservation, as for endogenized nudiviruses in braconid parasitoid wasps, of the viral RNA polymerase function, required for the transcription of genes encoding viral particles involved in wasp parasitism success. We also showed for the first time that RNA interference (RNAi) can be successfully used to downregulate gene expression in this species, a model in behavioral ecology.
Complete Genome Sequence of Levilactobacillus brevis Bacteriophage ENFP1
Authors: Kim Jena , Kong Minsuk
Published: June 2022

We describe the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage ENFP1, which infects
Levilactobacillus brevis
; it has a capsid width of 83 nm and a tail length of 144 nm. The 138.6-kb genome, containing 190 predicted protein-coding genes, is similar (88.03% nucleotide sequence identity) to that of
L. brevis
phage 521B.
The CRISPR-Cas System Differentially Regulates Surface-Attached and Pellicle Biofilm in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Sharma Nandita , Das Ankita , Raja Pujitha , Marathe Sandhya Amol
Published: June 2022

In addition to being implicated in bacterial immunity and genome editing, the CRISPR-Cas system has recently been demonstrated to regulate endogenous gene expression and biofilm formation. While the function of individual
cas
genes in controlling
Salmonella
biofilm has been explored, the regulatory role of CRISPR arrays in biofilm is less studied.
Posttranscriptional Regulation in Response to Different Environmental Stresses in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Li Stephen , Lam Jenna , Souliotis Leonidas , Alam Mohammad Tauqeer , Constantinidou Chrystala
Published: June 2022

The foodborne pathogen
C. jejuni
is a significant challenge for the global health care system. It is crucial to investigate
C. jejuni
posttranscriptional regulation by small RNAs (sRNAs) in order to understand how it adapts to different stress conditions.
Supplemental Material: Halogen ratios in crustal fluids through time—Proxies for the emergence of aerobic life?
Authors: Fusswinkel Tobias , al. et
Published: June 2022

Results and analytical protocols. 
Supplemental Material: Physical transport of magmatic sulfides promotes copper enrichment in hydrothermal ore fluids
Authors: Heinrich Christoph A , Connolly James A.D.
Published: June 2022

Stokes calculations with assumed model compositions; thermodynamic modeling method with data sources and sensitivity tests; comments on component diffusion in silicate melts; a mass balance estimate for Cu, Ag transfer by entrained sulfide melt; and supplemental references on methods and material properties. 
Supplemental Material: Unleashing alkali feldspar: Ra/Th ages and chemical and isotopic constraints on Holocene phonolite magmatism, Canary Islands
Authors: Brown Bryce S. , Ramos Frank C. , al. et
Published: June 2022

Samples, preparation, and methods; feldspar age variations resulting from late-stage assimilation; Figures S1–S4; and Tables S1–S4. 
Supplemental Material: Past eruptions of a newly discovered active, shallow, silicic submarine volcano near Tokyo Bay, Japan
Authors: McIntosh Iona M. , al. et
Published: June 2022

Full Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), porosity and geochemical data, and methods. 
Children and young people’s mental health outcome measures in paediatrics
Authors: Ruby Florence , Costa da Silva Luís , Tait Nick , Rashid Anisatu , Singleton Rosie , Atkins Lee , Marriot Sally , Dalzell Kate , Labno Angelika , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Jacob Jenna
Published: June 2022

Paediatricians are increasingly likely to encounter children and young people with mental health difficulties, either as primary presentations or as comorbidities linked with chronic illnesses. However, paediatricians may have limited training or experience regarding the tools available to identify mental health needs and how to use these tools. The current paper aims to provide a go-to guide for paediatricians when considering the use of mental health and well-being outcome measures, including how to select, administer and interpret measures effectively. It also provides practical guidance on the most common mental health outcome measures used in children and young people’s mental health services across the UK and elsewhere, which paediatricians are likely to encounter in their practice. Paediatricians may also find these measures useful in their own practice to screen for potential mental health difficulties, monitor the impact of chronic health conditions on a young person’s mental health and well-being, or to provide evidence when referring young people to mental health services.
Child poverty and health inequalities in the UK: a guide for paediatricians
Authors: Lee Alice R , Kingdon Camilla C , Davie Max , Hawcutt Daniel , Sinha Ian P
Published: June 2022

One in three children in the UK lives in relative poverty. There are clear and consistent links between child poverty and paediatric morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss drivers for family poverty in the UK, and how this leads to poor child health outcomes. We present a framework for healthcare professionals and institutions to consider interventions and strategies relating to socioeconomic health inequalities. We will focus on approaches to mitigate the effects of child poverty on children using our services at a local level and outline the importance of healthcare workers advocating for structural and high-level policy change to address the deep-rooted societal problems that cause child poverty.
Feasibility of single question mental health surveillance in chronic disease
Authors: White Mary , Pelly Rachel , Le Jane , Dove Lucy , Connolly Sarah , Morgan Alice , Reid Dave , Haslam Ric , Hiscock Harriet
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the (1) feasibility and acceptability of administering single question mental health surveillance to carers of children with chronic disease in the inpatient setting and (2) sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this question to detect ‘at risk’ children compared with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Design

Cross-sectional pilot

Setting

Day Medical Unit of a tertiary paediatric hospital, 1 April 2021–31 July 2021.

Patients

Carers of children aged 2–17 years with chronic medical conditions.

Interventions

Caregivers were asked to respond to ‘Thinking about your child’s mental health over the past 4 weeks, are they thriving/coping/struggling/always overwhelmed?’ during the admission process. All carers and children 11–17 years were invited to complete the SDQ.

Main outcome measures

Feasibility and acceptability were determined by nursing feedback. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were determined by comparing question responses with clinical cut-points on the SDQ.

Results

213 carers responded to the question. Nurses reported that the question was easy (12/14) or moderately easy (2/14) to use and was ‘easily understood’ (6/14) or ‘understood after some explanation’ (8/14) for most carers. The question demonstrated a high specificity (0.98)/PPV (0.87) but low sensitivity (0.2) when thriving/coping were considered together whereas when thriving was compared with all other responses the sensitivity increased to 0.7.

Conclusions

Single question mental health surveillance appears acceptable to carers and nursing staff and has a high level of specificity for children who are ‘struggling’ or ‘always overwhelmed’ versus the SDQ screening measure.
Paediatric acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis
Authors: Bamnawat Harshita , Khera Daisy , Didel Siyaram , Tiwari Sarbesh
Published: June 2022

We report a case of a preschool age girl, previously healthy, referred to our hospital on ventilatory support with a history of vomiting, headache, and rapid neurological worsening within 24 hours in the form of seizures, encephalopathy and loss of consciousness. On presentation, she was deeply comatose with dilated non-reactive pupils, absent brainstem reflexes and flaccid quadriplegia. Diagnosis of acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis was considered based on laboratory and neuroimaging findings. MRI of the brain showed fluffy white matter hyperintensities and microhaemorrhages in bilateral cerebral hemispheres and thalami. Aggressive treatment with methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin showed dramatic improvement with no neurological sequelae. Our case is unique in a way that despite the hyperacute onset and rapid deterioration, with a fulminant course in the intensive care unit, the child recovered dramatically with aggressive management.
Acute inhalation lung injury secondary to zinc and copper aspiration from food contact dust
Authors: Moss James , Sinha Aditi , Messahel Shrouk , Grime Christopher
Published: June 2022

A previously healthy boy of preschool age was brought to the emergency department by ambulance with respiratory distress following the accidental inhalation of food contact dust (cake decorating powder). Prehospital oxygen saturations were 80% in room air. Initial treatment was with oxygen, nebulised salbutamol, oral dexamethasone and intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Treatment was escalated to nasal high flow oxygen therapy and high dependency care within 8 hours. Lung fields on his initial chest X-ray were clear but the following day showed perihilar infiltrates extending into the lower zones in keeping with inflammation. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by a weaning dose of oral prednisolone over 14 days.

He required oxygen therapy for 9 days and remained in hospital for 11 days. Outpatient follow-up, 24 days after the inhalation took place was reassuring with the child showing no signs of abnormal respiratory symptoms.
Cardiac microstructural alterations measured by echocardiography identify sex-specific risk for heart failure
Authors: Kwan Alan , Demosthenes Emmanuella , Salto Gerran , Ouyang David , Nguyen Trevor , Nwabuo Chike C , Luong Eric , Hoang Amy , Osypiuk Ewa , Stantchev Plamen , Kim Elizabeth H , Hiremath Pranoti , Li Debiao , Vasan Ramachandran , Xanthakis Vanessa , Cheng Susan
Published: June 2022

Objective

Established preclinical imaging assessments of heart failure (HF) risk are based on macrostructural cardiac remodelling. Given that microstructural alterations may also influence HF risk, particularly in women, we examined associations between microstructural alterations and incident HF.

Methods

We studied N=2511 adult participants (mean age 65.7±8.8 years, 56% women) of the Framingham Offspring Study who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. We employed texture analysis of echocardiography to quantify microstructural alteration, based on the high spectrum signal intensity coefficient (HS-SIC). We examined its relations to incident HF in sex-pooled and sex-specific Cox models accounting for traditional HF risk factors and macrostructural alterations.

Results

We observed 94 new HF events over 7.4±1.7 years. Individuals with higher HS-SIC had increased risk for incident HF (HR 1.67 per 1-SD in HS-SIC, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.13; p<0.0001). Adjusting for age and antihypertensive medication use, this association was significant in women (p=0.02) but not men (p=0.78). Adjusting for traditional risk factors (including body mass index, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure traits, diabetes and smoking) attenuated the association in women (HR 1.30, p=0.07), with mediation of HF risk by the HS-SIC seen for a majority of these risk factors. However, the HS-SIC association with HF in women remained significant after adjusting for relative wall thickness (representing macrostructure alteration) in addition to these risk factors (HR 1.47, p=0.02).

Conclusions

Cardiac microstructural alterations are associated with elevated risk for HF, particularly in women. Microstructural alteration may identify sex-specific pathways by which individuals progress from risk factors to clinical HF.
The loss of endothelin-2 exhibits an anticancer effect in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Suprapto Ratih Paramita , Suzuki Yoko , Nagano Tatsuya , Hirata Ken-ichi , Emoto Noriaki
Published: June 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Endothelin-2 (ET-2) is expressed in the epithelium of alveoli, and its expression is increased in cancer. However, the role of ET-2 in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological functions of ET-2 in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We analyzed the expression of ET-2 mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with that in nontumor lung tissues using public online databases. The function of ET-2 in A549 cells was investigated using siRNA. ET-2 mRNA level was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and high ET-2 level was associated with poor overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. ET-2 silencing reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and enhanced apoptosis in A549 cells. Mechanistically, ET-2 silencing reduced the expression levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and survivin, which are members of the inhibitor apoptosis protein family. In addition, silencing ET-2 inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which halted migration. Therefore, the specific targeting of ET-2 may be a potential treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma.
Positron pair interactions in a nearly free-electron metal
Authors: Mills Allen Paine , Fuentes-Garcia Melina
Published: June 2022

The electric field surrounding a single positron in a metal is screened by an increase in the local electron density which, in the case of nearly free-electron metals (like Al, Na, etc.), has a radial distribution similar to that of the electron in positronium (Ps). In such metals, a singlet pair of positrons would experience an attractive interaction and at low enough electron densities could possibly form a bound state that is held together by exchange and correlation energies, thus forming structures analogous to that of the positronium molecule (Ps$$_2$$2), with binding energies of a few tenths of an eV. Such di-positrons could be prevalent at positron densities of around 10$$^{18}$$18cm$$^{-3}$$-3and, if so, would be evident from an apparent broadening of the sharp step at the Fermi surface in measurements of the electron momentum distribution by the angular correlation of the 2$$\gamma $$γannihilation radiation. Even if di-positrons are not directly formed in a metal, optical spectroscopy of Ps$$_2$$2formed in vacuum via pairs of positrons simultaneously being emitted from the surface could be applied to the direct measurement of the momentum distribution of Cooper pairs. If they exist, di-positrons in metals would yield interesting information about electron and positron interactions and at very high densities might allow the study of a di-positron Bose–Einstein condensate immersed in an electron gas.

Graphic Abstract
Giant magnetic anisotropy in single-molecule magnet with transition-metal adatom
Authors: Zou Wei , Hu Jun
Published: June 2022

Search for single-molecule magnets with large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is of great interest, due to the promising potential of application in molecular spintronics devices. Here, we studied the electronic and magnetic properties of a series of transition metal dithiolenes TM(mnt)2, based on first-principles calculations. Although the original TM(mnt)2 molecules do not exhibit large MAE, they can be engineered by placing an additional TM adatom and large MAE can be achieved. The analysis based on the perturbation theory reveals the origin of the large MAE. Our work paves the way to engineer the MAE in single-molecule magnets.
Towards an Efficient and Robust Adversarial Attack Against Neural Text Classifier
Authors: Yi Zibo , Li Shasha , Ma Jun , Yu Jie , Tan Yusong , Wu Qingbo
Published: June 2022

Adversarial attack is a serious threat to neural network-based natural language processing applications. Adversarial attack uses tiny well-crafted perturbations to mislead neural networks. While existing adversarial text attacks can achieve good attack effects, they still do not guarantee efficiency and robustness. The adversarial text attacks are more efficient if they use less perturbation to achieve a higher attack success rate. The attacks are more robust if they can achieve a higher success rate when defense strategies are applied. To improve the efficiency and robustness of the adversarial attack, we propose SMAL: Saliency Map Attack with Levenshtein-similarity. The proposed attack consists of two parts: (1) The saliency map measures the perturbation priority of each word. It considers not only the influence of each word on the classification result but also how to maintain the misled classification result to improve the robustness of the attack. (2) Levenshtein-similarity network embeds words into edit distance space. When perturbing sentences, some words are replaced by substitutions with less edit distance. This can reduce the amount of modification, which improves the efficiency of the attack. Since the words are embedded in edit distance space rather than semantic space, the semantic-based defense is not effective for this attack, which improves the robustness. The experiments show that SMAL achieves a higher attack success rate with fewer perturbations. Also, the proposed attack is better when attacking a classifier defended by adversarial training.
A Driving Assistance System for Solving A-Pillar Blind Spots Through Gaze Detection and Field-of-View Estimation
Authors: Yang Minling , He Yukun , Song Hongwei , Li Tianjun , Chen Shengyong
Published: June 2022

The blind spots brought by a car’s A-pillar are main reasons of most of accidents. In this work, a vision system that focuses on eliminating A-pillar blind spot of a car without any affection of driver’s operation is investigated. The driver’s facial features are captured by a binocular vision system that is mounted on A-pillar, head poses and gaze line directions are reconstructed. The generated blind spot by A-pillar is then simultaneously calculated according to the position of driver’s gaze. A field-of-view of the blind spots is displayed in a screen system mounted on the A-pillar. The screen conjointly with front and side windows thus provides a full view field for the driver, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of accidents.
HERMITE–HADAMARD–FEJÉR-TYPE INEQUALITIES VIA KATUGAMPOLA FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS FOR S-CONVEX FUNCTIONS IN THE SECOND SENSE
Authors: QI YONGFANG , LI GUOPING , WANG SHAN , WEN QING ZHI
Published: June 2022

The Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequality is a powerful tool for studying lower and upper estimations for the integral average of convex function. In this paper, we adopt Hölder’s inequality to establish Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities via Katugampola fractional integrals for the function [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an s-convex function on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is symmetric with respect to [Formula: see text]. Our results are generalizations of some earlier results. At the end of the paper, illustrative examples about Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér-type inequalities are given to support our results.
AN INTERNET REVIEW TOPIC HIERARCHY MINING METHOD BASED ON MODIFIED CONTINUOUS RENORMALIZATION PROCEDURE
Authors: QI LIN , GUO FEI-YAN , ZHANG JIAN , WANG YU-WEI
Published: June 2022

Mining the hierarchical structure of Internet review topics and realizing a fine classification of review texts can help alleviate users’ information overload. However, existing hierarchical topic classification methods primarily rely on external corpora and human intervention. This study proposes a Modified Continuous Renormalization (MCR) procedure that acts on the keyword co-occurrence network with fractal characteristics to achieve the topic hierarchy mining. First, the fractal characteristics in the keyword co-occurrence network of Internet review text are identified using a box-covering algorithm for the first time. Then, the MCR algorithm established on the edge adjacency entropy and the box distance is proposed to obtain the topic hierarchy in the keyword co-occurrence network. Verification data from the Dangdang.com book reviews shows that the MCR constructs topic hierarchies with greater coherence and independence than the HLDA and the Louvain algorithms. Finally, reliable review text classification is achieved using the MCR extended bottom-level topic categories. The accuracy rate ([Formula: see text], recall rate ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]1 value of Internet review text classification obtained from the MCR-based topic hierarchy are significantly improved compared to four target text classification algorithms.
ANALYSES OF SOME STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES ON A CLASS OF HIERARCHICAL SCALE-FREE NETWORKS
Authors: LIU JIA-BAO , BAO YAN , ZHENG WU-TING
Published: June 2022

Hierarchical networks as fundamental models to describe the complex networks, have many applications in networks science, engineering technology and so on. In this paper, we first propose a new class of hierarchical networks with fractal structure, which are the networks with triangles compared to traditional hierarchical networks. Second, we study the precise results of some structural properties to derive small-world effect and scale-free feature. Third, it is found that the constructed network is sparse through the average degree and density. Fourth, it is also demonstrated that the degree distributions of hub nodes and the bottom nodes are the power law and exponential, respectively. Finally, we prove that clustering coefficient with a definite value [Formula: see text] tends to stabilize at a lower bound as [Formula: see text] iterates to a certain number, and the average distance of [Formula: see text] has an increasing relationship along with the value of [Formula: see text].
Revisiting the Boltzmann Derivation of the Stefan Law
Authors: Reggiani Lino , Alfinito Eleonora
Published: June 2022

The Stefan–Boltzmann (SB) law relates the radiant emittance of an ideal black-body cavity at thermal equilibrium to the fourth power of the absolute temperature [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text] the SB constant, first estimated by Stefan to within [Formula: see text] of the present theoretical value. The law is an important achievement of modern physics since, following Planck [Ueber das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum [On the law of distribution of energy in the normal spectrum], Ann. Phys. 4 (1901) 553–563], its microscopic derivation implies the quantization of the energy related to the electromagnetic field spectrum. Somewhat astonishing, Boltzmann presented his derivation in 1878 making use only of electrodynamic and thermodynamic classical concepts, apparently without introducing any quantum hypothesis (here called first Boltzmann paradox). By contrast, the Boltzmann derivation implies two assumptions not justified within a classical approach, namely: (i) the zero value of the chemical potential and (ii) the internal energy of the black body with a finite value and dependent from both temperature and volume. By using Planck [Ueber das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum [On the law of distribution of energy in the normal spectrum], Ann. Phys. 4 (1901) 553–563] quantization of the radiation field in terms of a gas of photons, the SB law received a microscopic interpretation free from the above assumptions that also provides the value of the SB constant on the basis of a set of universal constants including the quantum action constant [Formula: see text]. However, the successive consideration by Planck [Uber die Begründung des Gesetzes der schwarzen Strahlung [On the grounds of the law of black body radiation], Ann. Phys. 6 (1912) 642–656] concerning the zero-point energy contribution was found to be responsible of another divergence of the internal energy for the single photon mode at high frequencies. This divergence is of pure quantum origin and is responsible for a vacuum-catastrophe, to keep the analogy with the well-known ultraviolet catastrophe of the classical black-body radiation spectrum, given by the Rayleigh–Jeans law in 1900. As a consequence, from a rigorous quantum-mechanical derivation we would expect the divergence of the SB law (here called second Boltzmann paradox). Here, both the Boltzmann paradoxes are revised by accounting for both the quantum-relativistic photon gas properties, and the Casimir force.