bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organización administrativa para la innovación
Authors: Antik Analía
Published: February 2024

El Derecho de la organización administrativa es el que debe reflejar el “orden de interés general” al que se debe tender siempre. Alguna doctrina entiende que como las organizaciones públicas tienen las mismas necesidades que las del sector privado, por lo que respecta a alcanzar sus objetivos de una forma eficaz y eficiente, se acepta que sus zonas más operativas puedan y deban nutrirse de los conocimientos, herramientas y avances de la teoría organizativa. Otra visión, habla de la combinación entre capacidad burocrática, señales del mercado y la democracia deliberativa. El carácter estático de la dogmática tradicional del Derecho de la organización contrasta con una variedad de fenómenos que se han ido produciendo en la práctica de la organización y que se han reflejado en la legislación. Como fuera, debemos poner atención en que el tema debe discernirse entendiendo que las estructuras deben pergeñarse para resolver problemas públicos. Gran parte de las demandas de cambio y adaptación a las que están sometidas las Administraciones modernas se solucionan con medidas organizativas. De esta manera, las organizaciones pueden asumir, transformar y transmitir múltiples demandas de intervención. Resulta relevante en este estudio, la organización de un sistema de control entrenado para detectar las desviaciones de los funcionarios y proponer soluciones para hacer posibles políticas tendientes al fortalecimiento de los derechos fundamentales, lo que por otra parte coadyuva a la ejecución adecuada de las políticas públicas. En el contexto señalado, se analizan modelos como la “redarquía” y el “Hexágono de Innovación Pública”.
The yellow color in the phraseological picture of the world of the Russian and Persian languages: an axiological aspect
Authors: Haji Mousaei Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Madaeni Awwal Ali
Published: February 2024

This article is devoted to a comparative axiological analysis of phraseological units (PUs) with yellow color in Russian and Persian linguistic cultures. The perception of colors among different peoples may differ and directly depend on the historical, cultural, social, religious and natural conditions of development of a given people. The object of the study are phraseological units of the Russian and Persian languages containing the yellow color (38 units in total), selected regardless of the degree of semantic unity of the components of phraseological units and the method of phraseologization, temporal characteristics, speech or linguistic affiliation, included in proverbs, sayings of famous personalities, quotes from fiction and the method of phraseologization, temporal characteristics, speech or linguistic affiliation, selected by a continuous sampling method from explanatory, phraseological, etymological and encyclopedic dictionaries of the Russian and Persian languages, literary texts, as well as the media. The main research methods used in this work are the comparative method and axiological analysis of phraseological units containing the color term “yellow” in the Russian and Persian languages. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of phraseological units containing “yellow” in two languages from the point of view of axiology. Based on the results of the analysis of the estimated values of phraseological units with “yellow” component, a conclusion is drawn about the attitude towards this color in the axiological picture of the world of the speakers of the languages under study and we have clarified the meaning of the yellow color in the phraseological picture of the world of the Russian and Persian languages and confirm the absence of a binary axiological opposition.
Revisiting the Cultural and Linguistic Causality of Technogenic Stereotypes
Authors: Barebina Natalya Sergeevna , Breeva Anna Pavlovna , Glyzina Vera Evgen'evna , Kosyakov Vitaly Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2024

The object of the study is fragments of lay discourse about artificial intelligence and new technologies that express antipathy. The subject of the study is evaluative and emotional judgments about technologies and forms of their linguistic objectification, rooted in the discourse as a product of linguaculture. The authors consider the issue of pessimistic perception of technological progress in Western society. A productive way to study this issue is the stereotype as a cognitive-linguistic phenomenon. It was accepted that stereotypes play a special role in representing general features of national, social and other human character traits. The authors conclude that one of the main functions of the stereotype is its orienting function, which has influence on the components of the human being’s personality. The authors used such scientific methods as: introspection, comparison, analysis of dictionary definitions, descriptive-interpretative method, interpretation of discourse. This methods, in combination with text markup techniques, made it possible to identify fragments of discourse that were significant for analysis. The research was based on the English language texts from The Guardian and The New York Times news aggregators, on materials from MIT Technology Review and Neuroscience News magazines. The authors conclude that technogenic stereotypes in English discourse have a mythological basis in the form of religious motives and specific linguacultural images. This contrasts with the rational-critical view of information technology innovation. Intermediate findings include the conclusion about the role of media, social networks, which are the key actor of the discourse of hype about technological expansion. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that a new area of public discussion has been allocated, which is considered in the light of data on the orienting function of the stereotype, which requires academic reflection by specialists from different fields.
Ancient Chinese Philosophy and the formation of Modern Chinese Piano Art
Authors: Zhernosenko Irina Aleksandrovna , Lun Tszyayui
Published: February 2024

The article examines the influence of ancient Chinese philosophical concepts on the formation of modern piano art in China. Ancient Chinese materialistic philosophy is based on such teachings as Wu-xing and Yin-Yang, the Great Limit (Tai Chi), the eight trigrams and others. With the passage of time and the rapid development of science, these philosophical concepts not only did not lose their significance, but also had a powerful influence on the formation of modern Chinese piano creativity, deeply influenced the form and cultural connotation of Chinese music, and also became the theoretical basis for the works of many modern composers. The philosophical and aesthetic Taiji system presented by composer Zhao Xiaosheng, integrated into the modern piano composition system, marked the beginning of a revolution in the field of piano art, combining the theoretical foundations of traditional Chinese philosophy and the principles of modern composition methods. The research methodology is based on philosophical and cultural analysis, musicological analysis, and semantic analysis. Of particular interest is the comparative analysis of the musical and philosophical "Tai chi composition system" by Zhao Xiaoshen, the dodecaphony of A. Schoenberg and the set theory of M. Babbitt and A. Fort, which the Chinese composer considers the sources of his creativity. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that a correlation is proposed between the key categories of ancient Chinese philosophy and modern experiments in the field of musical expression. The authors managed to demonstrate the high degree of influence of Chinese philosophy on music, to clearly show that the basic postulates of ancient Chinese philosophy have been encoded in the basis of traditional Chinese music since ancient times, and in the twentieth century they were the basis of modern Chinese theory of composition, while playing a colossal role in identifying the common foundations of modern composition of the West and East, while preservation of local features of the diverse sphere of these cultures. The emergence and formation of a philosophical and theoretical system of musical composition, based on the concepts of classical Chinese philosophy, organically refracted in the latest achievements of Western music composition, emphasizes the ontological significance of these concepts for both Eastern and Western culture. And the creation of appropriate musical works undoubtedly leads to positive trends in the development of modern Chinese music and classical Chinese philosophy.
Human beings in a civilization of cognitive technologies
Authors: Gribkov Andrei Armovich
Published: February 2024

The problematics of civilization development and the place of human being in it is a significant area of research, which is additionally actualized nowadays in the conditions of the outlined transition to a new stage - the civilization of cognitive technologies. According to the assessment proposed in the article, three stages of civilization development should be distinguished: agrarian, machine, and the civilization of cognitive technologies, which is currently being formed. It is characterized by the main need in the form of artificial cognitive systems for intellectual control of machines for the production of material goods, and the result of satisfying this need is the replacement of human beings by artificial cognitive systems in the intellectual control of machines. The following several questions are key in the context of the mentioned problems: "What are the functions of human beings in the existence and development of civilization?", "Do these functions change?", "Are there inalienable ones among them?", "What can become the basis for the further development of civilization?". The functions of human beings within civilization are the generation of needs and work to satisfy them. Generation of needs is an inalienable function of human being in civilization, which determines the determining role of the evolution of needs in the development of civilization. The main role in the evolution of needs belongs to social mechanisms of compulsion (motivation) to consumption, which influence not only the satisfaction of social needs, but also stimulate excessive consumption of material goods and intellectual activity. Further development of civilization will preserve the position of human being as an initiator of this development only in case of successful implementation of social coercion mechanisms. The condition for this is social integration: preservation and expansion of ties between human beings, counteraction to the fragmentation of society.
RNGU-NET: a novel efficient approach in Segmenting Tuberculosis using chest X-Ray images
Authors: Turk Fuat
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis affects various tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and brain. According to the medical report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, approximately ten million people have been infected with tuberculosis. U-NET, a preferred method for detecting tuberculosis-like cases, is a convolutional neural network developed for segmentation in biomedical image processing. The proposed RNGU-NET architecture is a new segmentation technique combining the ResNet, Non-Local Block, and Gate Attention Block architectures. In the RNGU-NET design, the encoder phase is strengthened with ResNet, and the decoder phase incorporates the Gate Attention Block. The key innovation lies in the proposed Local Non-Local Block architecture, overcoming the bottleneck issue in U-Net models. In this study, the effectiveness of the proposed model in tuberculosis segmentation is compared to the U-NET, U-NET+ResNet, and RNGU-NET algorithms using the Shenzhen dataset. According to the results, the RNGU-NET architecture achieves the highest accuracy rate of 98.56%, Dice coefficient of 97.21%, and Jaccard index of 96.87% in tuberculosis segmentation. Conversely, the U-NET model exhibits the lowest accuracy and Jaccard index scores, while U-NET+ResNet has the poorest Dice coefficient. These findings underscore the success of the proposed RNGU-NET method in tuberculosis segmentation.
An aerotaxis receptor influences invasion of Agrobacterium tumefaciens into its host
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Zou Junnan , Guo Minliang , Zhang Guoliang , Gao Jun , Zhao Hongliang , Yan Feiyu , Niu Yuan , Wang Guang-Long
Published: February 2024

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne pathogenic bacterium that causes crown gall disease in many plants. Chemotaxis offers A. tumefaciens the ability to find its host and establish infection. Being an aerobic bacterium, A. tumefaciens possesses one chemotaxis system with multiple potential chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors play an important role in perceiving and responding to environmental signals. However, the studies of chemoreceptors in A. tumefaciens remain relatively restricted. Here, we characterized a cytoplasmic chemoreceptor of A. tumefaciens C58 that contains an N-terminal globin domain. The chemoreceptor was designated as Atu1027. The deletion of Atu1027 not only eliminated the aerotactic response of A. tumefaciens to atmospheric air but also resulted in a weakened chemotactic response to multiple carbon sources. Subsequent site-directed mutagenesis and phenotypic analysis showed that the conserved residue His100 in Atu1027 is essential for the globin domain’s function in both chemotaxis and aerotaxis. Furthermore, deleting Atu1027 impaired the biofilm formation and pathogenicity of A. tumefaciens. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Atu1027 functions as an aerotaxis receptor that affects agrobacterial chemotaxis and the invasion of A. tumefaciens into its host.
Resistance exercise interventions for sarcopenia and nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Li , Ma Xiaolan , Xie Chunyan , Li Yamin
Published: February 2024

Background

A previous meta-analysis showed that exercise training improves patients’ physical function and health status. However, the efficacy of resistance exercise (RE) in improving patients’ physical function and nutritional status is uncertain.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of RE on sarcopenia and nutritional indicators in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Design

A meta-analysis.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials up to March 28, 2023 were searched from eight databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and CBM. The risk of bias of the literature eligible for inclusion was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. When a high heterogeneity was detected, a random-effects model was used. Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The reliability of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method, and a meta-analysis of the collected data was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software.

Results

Nine studies that met the criteria were identified, and 541 patients were included in these research.

Subjects

The results of this review showed that RE improved patients’ grip strength levels (mean difference (MD) = 4.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.14–5.64]; P < 0.00001), 6 min walking distance (MD = 40.71, 95% CI [8.92–72.49]; P = 0.01), muscle mass (MD = 4.50, 95% CI [2.01–6.99]; P = 0.0004), and serum albumin level (MD = 3.16, 95% CI [1.13–5.19]; P = 0.002) compared with the controls. However, the improvement caused by RE on hemoglobin (MD = 1.69, 95% CI [−1.49 to 4.87], P = 0.30) and cholesterol (MD = 2.33, 95% CI [−5.00 to 9.65], P = 0.53) levels was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

RE showed a significant effect on muscle function and strength of MHD patients. This meta-analysis provides new ideas on the efficacy of RE in muscle function and strength of MHD patients. The use of consistent RE patterns and nutritional interventions should be considered in future studies for further assessment of its effects. In the future, more high-quality studies will be required to verify these results.

Implications for practice

This meta-analysis identified the effect of RE on muscle strength, muscle function, and walking ability of HD patients, and provided a basis for clinical formulation of the optimal timing of intervention and the optimal frequency, intensity, modality, and content of intervention.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution because it does not apply to my work. This review has been registered at the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (INPLASY) (registration number: INPLASY202340078).
The Ransomware Epidemic: Recent Cybersecurity Incidents Demystified
Authors: Temara Sheetal
Published: February 2024

The pervasive threat of ransomware poses a significant risk to businesses across various scales as cybercriminals continue to exploit vulnerabilities causing severe disruptions and demanding substantial ransom payments.  This review conducts a comprehensive literature review delving into recent ransomware attacks to analyze key aspects, including the targeted organizations, attack vectors, threat actors, propagation mechanisms, and the resulting business impact.  The study goes beyond a surface examination by exploring the evolving nature of ransomware attacks, encompassing different types, attack vectors, and emerging tactics, such as double extortion, where cybercriminals not only encrypt data but also exfiltrate and threaten to release it publicly unless a ransom is paid.  High-profile incidents, including those involving SickKids Hospital, Royal Mail, Dish Network, Five Guys, and ION are scrutinized to glean insights into the intricacies of these attacks.  The review also evaluates the effectiveness of existing ransomware defenses and proposes potential strategies for organizations to counteract, identify, and manage ransomware incidents.  The findings underscore the critical need for organizations to comprehend the evolving ransomware landscape and implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect both internal and external stakeholders.  As ransomware continues to evolve in complexity, this study provides valuable insights emphasizing the importance of proactive defenses to mitigate the risks posed by this growing threat.
An Entrepreneurial Skills Model for Project-Based Learning in Programming
Authors: Namruddin Respaty , Syahrul  , Lu’mu
Published: February 2024

This research aims to: 1) analyse the development needs of the Project Based-Learning based Entrepreneurial Skills Programming model; 2) design a model that supports the integration of entrepreneurial skills into programming learning; 3) assess the validity of the Project Based-Learning based Entrepreneurial Skills Programming model; 4) pilot the model to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching and developing entrepreneurial skills; 5) examine the effectiveness of the Entrepreneurial Skills Programming model; and 6) identify student responses to the Entrepreneurial Skills Programming model. These skills are important to equip students with relevant and appropriate abilities for the dynamic world of work and rapid technological development. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D development model approach: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Data were collected through literature studies, field surveys, and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. The research stages included needs identification, model design, prototype development, and model dissemination. The validity and reliability of the instruments were tested using the Validity Coefficient (Va) and percentage of agreement (PA). The results showed that the developed entrepreneurship model was effective in improving students' entrepreneurial skills, evidenced by the significant improvement in students' learning outcomes and their positive response to the model. The model is considered to add value and increase students' enthusiasm for learning. This confirms the importance of integrating entrepreneurial skills in programming learning to prepare students for the challenges of today's world of work.
Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Impoverishment Amongst Hepatitis B Patients in a Resource-Poor Setting
Authors: Alali Aloni , Osaro Benjamin , Jaja Ishmael , Abere Sarah , Fajola Akinwumi
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The economic burden of managing hepatitis B has become a concern because viral hepatitis disease is a global public health problem that resulted in more deaths in 2016 than HIV and AIDs, Tuberculosis and Malaria individually. This study aimed at estimating the catastrophic health expenditure associated with managing hepatitis B, the predictors of the same and the impoverishing effect that management of hepatitis B has on affected households.

Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional survey involving 135 hepatitis B patients selected through a two-stage sampling. Data was collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results: The average age of the respondents is 41, 60% male, 40% female. About 71% were married, and nearly two-thirds had tertiary education. Most (90.9%) paid for treatment out-of-pocket, only 7.6% had health insurance, and 1.5% were employer-covered. 71.1% of households spent over 10% of total expenditure on hepatitis B treatment, leading to financial catastrophe. Prevalence of Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was 71.1%, with a 20% overshoot and a mean positive overshoot of 28.1%. Being employed was protective against CHE. (OR=0.71; 95%CI=1.12 – 1.97) Post-treatment, 25.2% fell into poverty, and 21.5% into extreme poverty.

Conclusion: Majority of hepatitis B patients pay out-of-pocket for healthcare. A major proportion of them are in financial catastrophe as a result of paying for treatment. The heavy reliance on out-of-pocket payment exposes the households of hepatitis B patients to catastrophic health expenditure and treatment of the condition impoverishes the affected households.
Population Dynamics of Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822) from Lake Kaptai, Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Md. Atiqul Islam , Md. Rashed-Un-Nabi  , Islam Naina , Rahman Md. Matiur , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir
Published: February 2024

Aims: This study aimed to assess the population dynamics of Gudusia chapra in Lake Kaptai, Bangladesh, utilizing FiSAT II software for comprehensive analysis. The key objective was to determine growth parameters, mortality rates, exploitation status, and length-weight relationships to inform policy.

Study Design: The study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing length frequency data collected from Lake Kaptai. FiSAT II software facilitated the estimation of population dynamics parameters, employing the Von Bertalanffy growth equation and other relevant analyses.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Lake Kaptai, Bangladesh, focusing on the intricate aquatic ecosystem from November 2003 to October 2004. Data collection and analysis spanned an extensive duration, providing a robust understanding of the population dynamics of G. chapra.

Methodology: FiSAT II software was utilized for population dynamics estimation, with a particular focus on growth parameters, mortality rates, and exploitation status using Von Bertalanffy growth equation. Length-weight relationships were also determined. Recruitment patterns were observed, and key indices, including the growth performance index calculated.

Results: The estimated asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) of G. chapra were found to be 19.95 cm and 0.89 year-1 respectively. Natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and total mortality (Z) rates were 1.85, 2.21 and 4.06 year-1 respectively. The exploitation rate (E) indicated overfishing, with a value of 0.54, which exceeded the optimum E (E=0.5). The growth performance index (φ´) of 2.54 was recorded, and the recruitment pattern occurred between April and July.

Conclusion: The study concludes that G. chapra in Lake Kaptai is experiencing overfishing, as indicated by the elevated exploitation rate. Understanding the growth parameters and mortality rates is vital for sustainable fisheries management in the region.

Implication: The findings have significant implications for fisheries management, highlighting the urgent need for measures to mitigate overfishing of G. chapra in Lake Kaptai. Implementing conservation strategies and monitoring recruitment patterns are crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability of this important fish species.
Assessment of Nutritional and Functional Properties of Complementary Food from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, Soybean and Tropical Almond Seed Composite Flour
Authors: Nchung Lorita , Eke Mike Ojotu , Emmanuel Chi Ngunjoh , Bongjo Ndi Betrand
Published: February 2024

The study evaluated the quality characteristics of complementary food produced from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, soybean, and tropical almond seed composite. The sample formulation was in ratios of 100:0:0, 90:5:5, 80:15:5, and 70:25:5 for Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, soybean, and tropical almond seed composite, respectively. A commercial complementary food was used as a control sample. A commercially available complementary food served as the control sample. The samples underwent analysis for nutritional, functional, and pasting properties using established standard methods. The obtained data were subsequently analyzed utilizing SPSS version 25. Significance was approved at p<0.05. The proximate composition of the complementary food ranged as follows: moisture (4.58-6.55%), fats (1.39-3.61%), Protein (3.67-14.15%), ash (1.94-2.78%), crude fibre (1.67-3.48%), carbohydrates (69.53-87.09%), and energy values (364.89-375.55 kcal/100 g). The micronutrients ranged as follows: calcium (0.62-4.98 mg/100 g), magnesium (1.54-2.25 mg/100 g), potassium (11.23-23.28 mg/100 g), sodium (1.24-6.42 mg/100 g), iron (3.01-8.00 mg/100 g), zinc (1.24-2.75 mg/100 g), beta carotene (6.65-27.61 mg/100 g), vitamin C (0.30-1.54 mg/100 g), vitamin B1 (0.65-1.39 mg/100 g), and vitamin E (0.72-4.29 mg /100 g). The functional properties ranged as follows; bulk density (0.50-0.85 g/mL), swelling capacity (1.52-3.19%), water absorption capacity (3.64-4.93 mL/g), oil absorption capacity (0.61-1.88 mL/g), and gelatinization temperature (57.5-66.0 °C). The pasting properties ranged as follows: peak viscosity (143.67-296.67 RVU), Trough viscosity (55.47-94.04 RVU), breakdown viscosity (87.11-202.63 RVU), setback viscosity (702.87-2642.29 RVU), final viscosity (758.33-2736.33 RVU), peak time (4.10-5.37 min), and pasting temperature (72.40-79.47 °C). The composite flour herein produced Substantially (p<0.05) enhanced the nutritional, functional, and pasting characteristics of the complementary food contrast to the control sample.
Residual Effect of Humic Acid, PSB and Phosphorus Nutrition on Soil Chemical Properties after Harvest of Rice Crop under the Subtropical Condition of Jammu
Authors: Bansal Kanik Kumar , Sharma Ashwani Kumar , Sharma Anil , Bharti Vijay , Sharma Vikas , Sharma Manish Kumar , Dey Tuhina
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were conducted during Kharif season of 2022 at the Research Farm, WMRC, SKUAST- J, Chatha. The soil of the experimental site was sand clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen but medium in phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in Factorial RBD with three factors replicated thrice. Twenty treatment combinations comprising of five Humic acid treatments (Control, Soil Application of Humic acid @ 2.5kg/ha & 5kg/ha (Market ready), and Soil Application of Humic acid @ 2.5kg/ha & 5kg/ha (FYM), two PSB treatments (With and without PSB) and two levels of Phosphorus nutrition (100% Recommended N:100% Recommended P - 15:40 kg/ha and 100% Recommended N:75% Recommended P - 15:30 kg/ha). The utilization of Humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/ha, sourced from both Market Ready and Farm Yard Manure (FYM), combined with seed treatment employing (PSB) and a nutrient application of 100% recommended nitrogen (N): 100% recommended phosphorus (P) - 15:40 kg/ha, exhibited a more pronounced and favorable residual impact on soil properties. This was evidenced by notable improvements in organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, surpassing their initial values but shows in non-significant results. Furthermore, this treatment employing humic acid application, PSB & Phosphorous nutrition showed improvement in seed yield and straw yield but failed to show significant results in residual rice crop.
Enhancing Traffic Flow and Safety at LMU Nurtanio Road Crossings - Abdul Rahman Saleh Intersection in Bandung
Authors: Anisarida An An , Wicaksono Irvan Budi
Published: February 2024

Bandung is the largest metropolitan city in West Java Province and serves as its provincial capital. One of the locations where vehicle queues or traffic congestion occurs is at the level crossings between the highway and railway tracks, including the direct crossing (JPL) at Andir on LMU Nurtanio Street - Abdul Rahman Saleh Street. The purpose of this research is to assess the performance of the existing road section, simulate it using the PTV VISSIM program, and find alternative solutions to the identified problems. In this study, primary data was obtained through direct field measurements, including vehicle volume, queue length, and road geometry data. Additionally, secondary data on the number of trains passing through the crossing was obtained from PT Kereta Indonesian Fire. The PTV VISSIM program used in this analysis is a student-licensed program, which implies limitations and simplifications in the analysis. The performance calculation of the road section yielded a degree of saturation (Ds) value of 0.73 for LMU Nurtanio Street and 0.77 for Abdul Rahman Saleh Street. According to the road service levels set by the government, both roads fall below service level C. The PTV VISSIM modeling results indicated a queue length of 66.59 m for LMU Nurtanio Street and 105.18 m for Abdul Rahman Saleh Street. Bandung study uses PTV VISSIM to assess LMU Nurtanio - Abdul Rahman Saleh Streets, revealing congestion issues. Queue lengths highlight improvement needs.
College Student’s Financial Well-Being on Java Island: The Role of Financial Literacy, Financial Behavior, and Financial Socialization
Authors: Marchyta Nony Kezia , Lay Matthew , Kusumawardhani Adhityawati
Published: February 2024

After graduating from college, a student's financial situation is critical since it impacts their general level of contentment with life. This study used financial behavior among university students on Java Island to investigate the impact of financial socialization and literacy on financial well-being. This kind of study uses a non-probability sampling method and quantitative methods, involving 134 students in Java Island data processing procedures with Smart PLS. The findings revealed that financial socialization and financial literacy are favorably related to financial well-being. Financial literacy and financial socialization positively affected both financial behavior and financial well-being. Financial conduct acts as a mediating variable between financial well-being, financial literacy, and financial socialization, which both have a favorable impact.
Cellulose Fibrils for Polymer Reinforcement
Authors: Zimmermann T. , Pöhler E. , Geiger T.
Published: September 2004

Agglomerated cellulose fibrils embedded in a lignin matrix in the cell wall are a predominant reason for the outstanding specific tensile strength of wood. To convert these mechanical properties to practical use for polymer composites, the fibrils were isolated out of sulphite pulp. Depending on the disintegration method, the fibrils have diameters in the nanometer and lengths in the micrometer range.
A Combined Photolithographic and Molecular‐Assembly Approach to Produce Functional Micropatterns for Applications in the Biosciences
Authors: Falconnet D. , Koenig A. , Assi F. , Textor M.
Published: September 2004

Chemical patterns have attracted substantial interest for applications in the field of biosensors, fundamental cell–surface interaction studies, tissue engineering, and biomaterials. A novel micropatterning technique is proposed here that combines a top–down approach based on photolithography and a bottom–up strategy through self‐organization of multifunctional molecules. The development of the molecular‐assembly patterning by lift‐off (MAPL) has been driven by the need to economically produce patches incorporating a controlled surface density of bioligands while inhibiting non‐specific adsorption. In the MAPL process, a photoresist pattern is transferred into the desired biochemical pattern by means of spontaneous adsorption of biologically relevant species and photoresist lift‐off. The surface between the interactive patches is subsequently rendered non‐fouling through immobilization of a polycationic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐graft polymer. We demonstrate that surface density of biotin molecules inside adhesive islands can be tailored quantitatively and that cells grow selectively on cell‐adhesive peptide patterns. MAPL is considered to be a valuable addition to the toolbox of soft‐lithography techniques for life‐science applications combining simplicity (no clean‐room equipment needed), cost‐effectiveness, reproducibility on the scale of whole wafer surfaces, and flexibility in terms of pattern geometry, chemistry, and substrate choice.
Long‐Term Diffusive Samplers for the Indoor Air Quality Evaluation
Authors: Bertoni Giuliano , Ciuchini Carla , Tappa Remo
Published: September 2004

Three kinds of diffusion samplers, conceived to perform long‐term samplings in indoor sites are illustrated in this work. Two of them, in part deriving from the previous “Analyst for VOC” device, extend the field of application up to the semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOC), PAHs and nicotine in particular. A third device, which employs a basic barium hydroxide solution as an absorbing medium, is proposed for the determination of carbon dioxide levels which indicate the air change quality in the indoor sites. Laboratory and field experiments, performed in order to assess the reliability of the proposed devices, are shown. A monthly monitoring campaign, performed at three private apartments in Rome and its outskirts highlights that the indoor pollution levels are a complex function of various concurrent and opposite factors, like external air pollution, internal sources, air change rate and sink effect of surfaces, which contribute to depletion phenomena through adsorption and/or decomposition processes.
GC—MS in Space Research: Decoding Complex Isothermal Chromatograms Recovered from Space Missions
Authors: Pietrogrande Maria Chiara , Zampolli Maria Grazia , Dondi Francesco
Published: September 2004

An analytical procedure is described to study GC—MS isothermal chromatograms simulating those recovered from space missions: in fact GC plays a predominant role in space missions devoted to characterizing the chemical composition of extraterrestrial atmospheres. SIM (selected ion monitoring) detection was used for monitoring selected chemical classes: a simplified chromatogram can be obtained giving information on the chemical composition of the complex mixture. Since only isothermal GC chromatograms are allowed by flight constraints, a time axis transformation is required to make them homogeneous: i.e., constant retention increments for CH2 additions in terms of a homologous series. The order in the linearized chromatogram can be simply singled out with a chemometric approach based on the study of the Autocovariance Function (ACVF) computed on the digitized chromatogram: the plot of the experimental autocorrelation function (EACF) shows wellshaped peaks if constant interdistances are repeated in different regions of the chromatogram. The method was applied to standard mixtures representative of planetary atmospheres — hydrocarbons, nitriles and oxygenated compounds with between 3 and 12 carbon atoms — analyzed in flight simulating conditions. The coupling of the selectivity of SIM detection with the interpretation power of the EACF procedure proves to be a powerful tool for interpreting data recovered from space missions: the chemical composition of the mixture can be identified by handling the raw SIM chromatograms.
Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Carbonyl Compounds in Diesel Exhaust Emissions
Authors: Mabilia Rosanna , Cecinato Angelo , Tomasi Scianò Maria Concetta , di Palo Vincenzo , Possanzini Massimiliano
Published: September 2004

Exhaust emissions from a recent model heavyduty diesel vehicle (city bus) in a chassis dynamometer were measured during a transient driving cycle. Particlebound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and gaseous carbonyls, substances that create health hazards and are, as yet, unregulated were collected, the former on filters and the latter on dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)�coated silica cartridges and analysed by GC—MS and HP—LC, respectively. PAH emission rates decreased with the number of benzene fused rings. They averaged 0.2 mg km—1 for a total of 11 PAHs ranging from fluoranthene to benzo(ghi)perylene. Fluoranthene and pyrene accounted for 90% of total PAHs. The sum of emission rates of C1∼C6 carbonyls averaged 174 mg km—1, even if formaldehyde alone represented ∼ 70% of the total carbonyl mass, followed by acetaldehyde (13%). Results obtained were compared with emission data reported in previous studies.
Silicon Inverse Opal—A Platform for Photonic Bandgap Research
Authors: Tétreault N. , Míguez H. , Ozin G. A.
Published: September 2004

This article focuses attention on recent research on the silicon inverse opal, the first self‐assembled or bottom–up synthetic photonic crystal to exhibit a complete photonic bandgap (PBG) at 1.5 μm[1] in accordance with theoretical predictions.[2] The silicon inverse opal has since proven to be a useful platform for assembling on‐chip films[3] and in‐chip patterns,[4] engineering extrinsic defects,[5] mapping photon density of states,[6] switching light with light, and inhibiting spontaneous emission.[7] Also, new and exciting colloidal‐crystal‐based structures are being developed based on experimental and theoretical knowledge acquired for the synthesis of inverted silicon photonic crystals.[8–10] It has also inspired the idea of the silicon inverse opal heterostructure, a theoretical construct that could enable an all‐optical microchip for single mode diffractionless waveguiding of light in air throughout a bandwidth of more than 70 nm at 1.5 μm.[11]
Equilibrium theory analysis of dual reflux PSA for separation of a binary mixture
Authors: Ebner Armin D. , Ritter James A.
Published: September 2004

A dual reflux (DR) PSA cycle that combines the features of a conventional (stripping reflux) PSA cycle with those of a new enriching reflux PSA cycle is analyzed to show its potential for separating gas mixtures. On the basis of isothermal equilibrium theory applied to linear isotherms, the ultimate separation is carried out where the binary feed is separated into two pure components with 100% recovery of each component. This very idealized analysis reveals that such a separation is possible over a wide range of conditions, even with pressure ratios as low as 1.1. This analysis also reveals that low throughputs and high heavy component recycle ratios are inherently associated with DR PSA cycles, both of which may be detrimental to the process economics. High throughputs and low heavy product recycle ratios are indeed achievable, but only when using low pressure ratios and less selective adsorbents, both counterintuitive results that make sense when considering the perfect separation is always being achieved. Although these trends may not carry over to actual practice, because the model developed here is overly simplified and invalid under certain conditions, this analysis shows that it may indeed be entirely feasible to separate a binary gas mixture into two relatively pure components with very high recoveries using a DR PSA cycle operating with a very low pressure ratio and, hence, expenditure of energy. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2418–2429, 2004
Macroinstability uncovered in a Rushton turbine stirred tank by means of LES
Authors: Hartmann H. , Derksen J. J. , van den Akker H. E. A.
Published: September 2004

Low‐frequency mean flow variations, identified experimentally in various stirred‐tank geometries, are studied by means of large eddy simulations in a Rushton turbine stirred tank. The focus is on flow structures, and the spectral characteristics of the velocity components. The lattice‐Boltzmann Navier‐Stokes solver, and the Smagorinsky subgrid‐scale model, are adopted for solving the stirred tank flow, and boundary conditions are imposed by means of an adaptive force‐field technique. Simulations performed at Reynolds numbers 20,000 and 30,000 on grid sizes of 1203, 1803, and 2403 grid nodes confirm the experimentally found flow variations at various monitoring points in the bulk flow. The period of the flow variations found in the bulk of the tank corresponds to approximately 250 blade passage periods. A simulation performed at a Reynolds number of 12,500 showed pronounced flow variations with a timescale of about 65 blade passage periods, which is consistent with experimental observations. Transient flow field results in the bulk flow of the tank uncover a whirlpool type of precessing vortex, of which the impact on the kinetic energy of the velocity fluctuations is further analyzed. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2383–2393, 2004
Role of polyelectrolyte charge density in tuning colloidal forces
Authors: Abraham T. , Christendat D. , Xu Z. , Masliyah J. , Gohy J. F. , Jérôme R.
Published: September 2004

An atomic force microscope was used to study the effects of polymer charge density on surface interactions between similarly charged silica surfaces. Copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid of three different charge densities (fp = 15, 40, and 70%) were used. The dynamic light‐scattering technique was used to obtain the characteristic size of these polymers in solution. Flocculation tests were performed to complement force–distance measurement. At 20 mM KCl and pH ∼ 8.0, the low charge density copolymer (fp = 15%) caused a purely repulsive force profile between silica surfaces irrespective of the added polymer concentration, suggesting a strong adsorption of the copolymer on the surface. The medium (fp = 40%) and high (fp = 70%) charge density copolymers, on the other hand, provided an adhesive bridging attraction at low polymer concentrations, but a purely repulsive force at higher polymer concentrations. The range of these repulsive forces, however, was significantly smaller than that measured for the low charge density polymer. The medium and high charge densities exhibit nearly an identical behavior in controlling the intersurface forces, although the forces are different with respect to magnitude. The flocculation tests follow the same trend as that of force–distance data, where a complete, a partial, and no flocculation observed with high, medium, and low charge density polymers, respectively. In all the cases, the range of surface interactions can be correlated with the polymer chain dimension corresponding to the fast diffusion process (individual chains) obtained from dynamic light‐scattering measurements. Mean‐field models proposed for charged polymers can qualitatively explain both the dependency of bridging interactions on polymer charge density and the dependency of force–distance profiles on added polymer concentrations. Finally, a mean‐field model was used quantitatively to account for the measured electrosteric interactions and their dependency on polymer charge density. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2613–2626, 2004
Adolescent impulsivity predicts adult dominance attainment in male vervet monkeys
Authors: Fairbanks Lynn A. , Jorgensen Matthew J. , Huff Adriana , Blau Karin , Hung Yung‐Yu , Mann J. John
Published: September 2004

Adolescence is characterized by behavioral and physiological changes that prepare individuals for the transition to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of behavioral, morphological, neurobiological, and developmental characteristics of adolescent male vervets in predicting later dominance attainment. Thirty‐six adolescent male vervets were tested for social impulsivity by means of the Intruder Challenge test while they were still living in their natal groups. Body weight and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine were measured before they were introduced into new matrilineal breeding groups at age 5. Stable adult dominance rank was determined at age 6, 1 year following introduction. The results indicated that body weight, adolescent impulsivity, and levels of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in CSF predicted adult dominance attainment. As expected, males that were above average in body weight prior to introduction were significantly more likely to become dominant. Males that were high in impulsivity as adolescents, and low in 5‐HIAA prior to introduction were more likely to achieve stable alpha male status 1 year following introduction. The combination of these three factors resulted in correct prediction of rank attainment for 92% (33/36) of the males. Two other factors–maternal dominance rank and a measure of social anxiety from the Intruder Challenge test–were not related to adult dominance attainment in this sample. These results support the idea that there are benefits of a high‐risk, high‐gain strategy is beneficial for adolescent and young adult male vervets. They also demonstrate that adolescent impulsivity is age‐limited. Males that achieved high rank moderated their behavior as adults, and no longer scored high in impulsivity relative to their age peers. Am. J. Primatol. 64:1;–17, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.