bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergent Tandem Acyl Carrier Proteins Necessitate In‐Series Polyketide Processing in the Leinamycin Family
Authors: Phillips Annabel P. , Winter Ashley J. , Hooper Chloe M. , Williams Christopher , Crosby John , Willis Christine L. , Crump Matthew P.
Published: September 2024

The leinamycin family of polyketides are promising antitumor antibiotics, yet several aspects of their biosynthesis remain elusive. All leinamycin family members bear a sulfur‐containing moiety which is essential for the anticancer activity exhibited by leinamycin. The key building blocks required for the incorporation of these functionalities are introduced in the final module of the polyketide synthase (PKS), which elegantly combines β‐branching and thiocysteine incorporation to generate a diverse library of sulfur‐based molecular scaffolds. Two acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) form a key didomain component of this module, but their amino acid sequence divergence has brought into question the common notion of functional equivalence. Here, we provide unprecedented functional evidence that these tandem ACPs play distinct roles in the final module of polyketide assembly. Using the weishanmycin biosynthetic pathway as a template, the in vitro reconstitution of key polyketide chain extension and β‐branching steps in this module has revealed strict functional selectivity for a single ACP. Furthermore, we propose a cryptic transacylation step must occur prior to polyketide off‐loading and cyclization. Altogether, these mechanistic investigations suggest that an atypical in‐series mechanism underpins sulfur incorporation in the leinamycin family, and provides significant progress towards delineating their late‐stage assembly.
The P(III)‐Amidite Based Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled mRNA‐Cap‐Structures Enables their Sensitive Quantitation from Brain Tissue
Authors: Ripp Alexander , Krämer Martina , Barth Vanessa , Moser Patrick , Haas Thomas M. , Singh Jyoti , Huck Tamara , Gleue Lukas , Friedland Kristina , Helm Mark , Jessen Henning J.
Published: September 2024

The 5’ cap structure is crucial to mRNA function, with its diverse methylation patterns depending on the cellular state. Sensitive analytical methods are sought after to quantify this cap variety also referred to as cap epitranscriptome. To address a bottleneck for accurate and precise quantitation, we report a facile and fast access to high‐quality synthetic standards via a new route, involving P(III)‐amidite chemistry. A range of cap nucleotides and their stable heavy isotopic labeled analogues were derived from nucleoside diphosphates, which themselves were directly prepared in a one‐step reaction sequence starting from unprotected nucleosides using a triphosphorylating reagent in combination with ethylenediamine. Considering a wider scope, the route also enables direct access to magic spot nucleotides and diphosphates of isoprenyl‐alcohols. Stable‐isotope labeled cap nucleotides derived from this route paved the way for the development of a highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method, applied to the characterization of mouse brain cap epitranscriptomes, which turned out to be very different from those of cultured cell lines of widespread use in the life sciences.
Dual‐Stage Reduction Strategy of Tin Perovskite Enables High Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Yang Yu‐Tong , Hu Fan , Teng Tian‐Yu , Chen Chun‐Hao , Chen Jing , Nizamani Namatullah , Wang Kai‐Li , Xia Yu , Huang Lei , Wang Zhao‐Kui
Published: September 2024

The rapid oxidation of Sn2+ in tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) restricts their efficiency and stability have been main bottleneck towards further development. This study developed a novel strategy which utilizes thiosulfate ions (S2O32−) in the precursor solution to enable a dual‐stage reduction process. In the solution stage, thiosulfate acted as an efficacious reducing agent to reduce Sn4+ to Sn2+, meanwhile, its oxidation products were able to reduce I2 to I− during the film stage. This dual reduction ability effectively inhibited the oxidation of Sn2+ and passivated defects, further promising an excellent stability of the perovskite devices. As a result, thiosulfate‐incorporated devices achieved a high efficiency of 14.78 % with open‐circuit voltage reaching 0.96 V. The stability of the optimized devices achieved a remarkable improvement, maintaining 90 % of their initial efficiencies after 628 hours at maximum‐power‐point (MPP). The findings provid research insights and experimental data support for the sustained dynamic reduction in TPSCs.
Hochgradig cytotoxische Cryptophycine mit modifiziertem Fragment D zur Konjugation
Authors: Dessin Cedric , Schachtsiek Thomas , Voss Jona , Abel Anne‐Catherine , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Prota Andrea E. , Sewald Norbert
Published: September 2024

Zellgifte für Wirkstoffkonjugate, die für eine gezielte Tumortherapie geeignet sind, müssen hochwirksam sein und benötigen eine chemische Anknüpfungsstelle für die Konjugation mit der Zieleinheit (Antikörper, Peptid oder kleines Molekül). Cryptophycine gehören zu einer Familie von Cyclodepsipeptiden, die sich durch eine außerordentlich hohe Cytotoxizität aus dem Reich der Naturstoffe hervorheben. Das Anbringen einer geeigneten konjugierbaren funktionellen Gruppe ohne Beeinträchtigung der Toxizität ist jedoch eine große Herausforderung. Fragment D, ursprünglich 2‐Hydroxyisocapronsäure (HICS oder Leucinsäure), wurde auf der Grundlage von Strukturdaten aus röntgendiffraktometrischer Analyse als strategisch vielversprechende modifizierbare Gruppe anvisiert. Es wurde ein vielseitiger, skalierbarer und effizienter Syntheseweg für konjugierbare Cryptophycine mit Modifizierung in Fragment D entwickelt und eine Reihe neuer Cryptophycin‐Analoga synthetisiert. Mehrere Derivate, insbesondere solche, die lipophile Gruppen mit geringem sterischem Anspruch, wie alkylierte Aminogruppen, enthalten, weisen hohe Cytotoxizität im niedrigen picomolaren Bereich auf, oft in Kombination mit Wirksamkeit gegenüber multiresistenten Tumorzellen. Die neu etablierten Cryptophycin‐Analoga umfassen ein breites Spektrum relevanter funktioneller Gruppen, die als Konjugationspunkt verwendet werden können, darunter Amino‐, Hydroxy‐, Carboxy‐ sowie schwefelhaltige Derivate. Die röntgenkristallographische Analyse eines Tubulin‐gebundenen Cryptophycins zusammen mit quantitativer Struktur‐Wirkungsbeziehung lieferte Maximen für die Synthese der wirksamsten Cryptophycin‐Derivate und bestätigte die Tauglichkeit von Fragment D zur Modifizierung.
A Well‐Coupled Supramolecular System Accelerates Photophosphorylation
Authors: Li Zibo , Yu Fanchen , Wang Shuhao , Cai Yuyang , Xu Yang , Li Yue , Fei Jinbo , Li Junbai
Published: September 2024

Supramolecular assembly allows multiple chemical/bio‐components integrated as one system for cascade biochemical reactions. Herein the graphitic carbon nitrides (g‐C3N4) as photocatalyst trapped in a dipeptide hydrogel covering adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase accelerates the photophosphorylation through ATP synthesis. Self‐assembled N‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc‐FF) as nanofibrils to allow g‐C3N4 nanosheets are embedded as a complex Fmoc‐FF/g‐C3N4 hydrogel. Fmoc‐FF gel exhibits good electronic coupling with g‐C3N4, which enables a photo‐induced proton generation. The transmembrane proton gradient can be established by ATP synthase‐lipid reconstituted on the surface of the Fmoc‐FF/g‐C3N4 hydrogel to enhance the ATP synthesis. It indicates that the Fmoc‐FF/g‐C3N4/ATP synthase‐lipid film can possess a longer‐term ATP production capability and allow repeated immersion for sustained ATP production. Such a hydrogel‐supported ATP synthesis platform is achieved by a procedure at a larger scale.
Anion‐Anchored Polymer‐in‐Salt Solid Electrolyte for High‐Performance Zinc Batteries
Authors: Shi Xueru , Zhong Yunpeng , Yang Yongqiang , Zhou Jiang , Cao Xinxin , Liang Shuquan
Published: September 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes hold promise for addressing key challenges in rechargeable zinc batteries (ZBs) utilizing aqueous electrolytes. However, achieving simultaneous high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, and a high cation transference number while effectively suppressing Zn dendrites remains challenging. Herein, we design a novel polymer‐in‐salt solid electrolyte (PISSE) composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and niobium pentoxide with oxygen vacancies (Nb2O5‐x) with high ionic conductivity. PAN polymer matrix provides the electrolyte good mechanical properties and solubility of Zn salt. The high concentration of ZnCl2 effectively decouples the Zn2+ from polymer chain segments and provides more ionic conduction amorphous region. Moreover, incorporating Nb2O5‐x filler accelerates Zn2+ desolvation by anchoring (ZnxCly)2x–y clusters and enhances the system's mechanical properties, achieving a superior Zn2+ transference number (~0.93) and interfacial stability. Consequently, the optimized PISSE demonstrates exceptional stability during prolonged cycling periods, wide temperature range operation (−40 °C to 60 °C), remarkable flexibility, and compatibility with diverse electrode materials. This study provides valuable insights into the design of solid‐state electrolytes based on ZBs and elucidates their multifunctional prospects.
Synergistic Regulation of Anode and Cathode Interphases via an Alum Electrolyte Additive for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Vanadium Batteries
Authors: He Lingjun , Lin Chuyuan , Zeng Lingxing , Xiao Fuyu , Lin Hui , Xiong Peixun , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun
Published: September 2024

A zinc (Zn) metal anode paired with a vanadium oxide (VOx) cathode is a promising system for aqueous Zn–ion batteries (AZIBs); however, side reactions proliferating on the Zn anode surface and the infinite dissolution of the VOx cathode destabilise the battery system. Here, we introduce a multi‐functional additive into the ZnSO4 (ZS) electrolyte, KAl(SO4)2 (KASO), to synchronise the in situ construction of the protective layer on the surface of the Zn anode and the VOx cathode. Theoretical calculations and synchrotron radiation have verified that the high‐valence Al3+ plays dual roles of competing with Zn2+ for solvation and forming a Zn−Al alloy layer with a homogeneous electric field on the anode surface to mitigate the side reactions and dendrite generation. The Al‐containing cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) considerably alleviates the irreversible dissolution of the VOx cathode and the accumulation of byproducts. Consequently, the Zn||Zn cell with KASO exhibits an ultra‐long cycle of 6000 h at 2 mA cm−2. Importantly, the VOx cathodes (VO2, V2O5 and NH4V4O10) in the ZS−KASO electrolyte showed excellent cycling stability, including Zn powder||VO2 cells and Zn||VO2 pouch cells. Even better, the full cell exhibits excellent cycling stability at low negative/positive (N/P) ratio of 2.83 and high mass loading (~16 mg cm−2). This study offers a straightforward and practical reference for concurrently addressing challenges at the anode and cathode of AZIBs.
Self‐Assembled Antibody‐Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Targeted Delivery of Complementary Antisense Oligonucleotides
Authors: Zhou Liujuan , Bi Jie , Chang Shenghai , Bai Zhaoshuai , Yu Junqi , Wang Ruru , Li Zhihang , Zhang Xing , Chou James J. , Pan Liqiang
Published: September 2024

Antibody‐oligonucleotide conjugate (AOC) affords preferential cell targeting and enhanced cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Here, we have developed a modular AOC (MAOC) approach based on accurate self‐assembly of separately prepared antibody and ASO modules. Homogeneous multimeric AOC with defined ASO‐to‐antibody ratio were generated by L–DNA scaffold mediated precise self‐assembly of antibodies and ASOs. The MAOC approach has been implemented to deliver exon skipping ASOs via transferrin receptor (TfR1) mediated internalization. We discovered an anti‐TfR1 sdAb that can greatly enhance nuclear delivery of ASOs. Cryo‐EM structure of the sdAb‐TfR1 complex showed a new epitope that does not overlap with the binding sites of endogenous TfR1 ligands. In vivo functional analyses of MAOCs with one ASO for single exon skipping and two ASOs for double exon skipping showed that both ASO concentration and exon skipping efficacy of MAOC in cardiac and skeletal muscles are dramatically higher than conventional ASOs in the transgenic human TfR1 mouse model. MAOC treatment was well tolerated in vivo and not associated with any toxicity‐related morbidity or mortality. Collectively, our data suggest that the self‐assembled MAOC is a viable option for broadening the therapeutic application of ASO via multi‐specific targeting and delivery.
Polyoxometalates‐Mediated Selectivity in Pt Single‐Atoms on Ceria for Environmental Catalysis
Authors: Lan Tianwei , Yalavarthi Rambabu , Shen Yongjie , Gao Min , Wang Fuli , Hu Qingmin , Hu Pengfei , Beladi‐Mousavi Mohsen , Chen Xin , Hu Xiaonan , Yang Huiqian , Cortés Emiliano , Zhang Dengsong
Published: September 2024

Optimizing the reactivity and selectivity of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) remains a crucial yet challenging issue in heterogeneous catalysis. This study demonstrates selective catalysis facilitated by a polyoxometalates‐mediated electronic interaction (PMEI) in a Pt single‐atom catalyst supported on CeO2 modified with Keggin‐type phosphotungstate acid (HPW), labeled as Pt1/CeO2‐HPW. The PMEI effect originates from the unique arrangement of isolated Pt atoms and HPW clusters on the CeO2 support. Electrons are transferred from the ceria support to the electrophilic tungsten in HPW clusters, and subsequently, Pt atoms donate electrons to the now electron‐deficient ceria. This phenomenon enhances the positive charge of Pt atoms, moderating O2 activation and limiting lattice oxygen mobility compared to the conventional Pt1/CeO2 catalyst. The resulting electronic structure of Pt combined with the strong and local acidic environment of HPW on Pt1/CeO2‐HPW leads to improved efficiency and N2 selectivity in the degradation of NH3 and NO, as well as increased CO2 yield when inputting volatile organic compounds. This study sheds the light on the design of SACs with balanced reactivity and selectivity for environmental catalysis.
Highly Cytotoxic Cryptophycin Derivatives with Modification in Unit D for Conjugation
Authors: Dessin Cedric , Schachtsiek Thomas , Voss Jona , Abel Anne‐Catherine , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Prota Andrea E. , Sewald Norbert
Published: September 2024

Cytotoxic payloads for drug conjugates suitable for directed tumor therapy need to be highly potent and require a functional group for conjugation with the homing device (antibody, peptide, or small molecule). Cryptophycins are cyclodepsipeptides that stand out from the realm of natural products due to their extraordinarily high cytotoxicity. However, the installation of a suitable conjugation handle without compromising the toxicity is highly challenging. The unit D, natively 2‐hydroxyisocaproic acid (leucic acid), was envisaged as a promising attachment site based on structural information from X‐ray analysis. A versatile, scalable and efficient synthetic route towards conjugable cryptophycins with modification in unit D was developed and an array of new cryptophycin analogues was synthesized. Several derivatives, especially those containing lipophilic groups with low steric demand such as alkylated amino groups, exhibit low picomolar cytotoxicity often combined with efficacy against multidrug‐resistant tumor cells. The newly established cryptophycin analogues comprise a broad range of relevant functional groups used as conjugation handles, among them amino, hydroxy, carboxy, as well as sulfur‐containing derivatives. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of a tubulin‐bound cryptophycin together with quantitative structure activity relationship manifested rationales for the synthesis of most potent cryptophycin derivatives and further confirmed the suitability of modifications in unit D.
Efficient Water Reforming of Biomass to H2 via Well‐Organized Redox‐Neutral Cleavage of C−C, O−H and C−H Bonds
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Min , Li Yang
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen (H2) is a clean and environmentally friendly energy carrier. The depletion of fossil fuels makes renewable H2 production highly desirable. Water reforming of renewable biomass to hydrogen, with a relay of natural photosynthesis to biomass, would be an indirect pathway to realize the ideal but extremely challenging photocatalytic overall water splitting to hydrogen, with favorable thermodynamics. Since the seminal work of water reforming of biomass in 1980, great endeavors have been made. Nevertheless, hitherto, the entire kinetic pathway has been elusive, which seriously limits the reforming processes. Using a designed well‐organized redox‐neutral cleavage of C−C, O−H and C−H bonds enabled by photoelectrocatalysis, here, we show the efficient water reforming of biomass to hydrogen at room temperature, with a yield up to 93 %. The clear insights into the kinetic pathway with oxidation of carbon radicals to carbon cations as the indicated rate‐determining step, would cast brightness for efficient and sustainable hydrogen production to accelerate the hydrogen economy.
A multianalytical approach to benzodiazepine derivatives for the corrosion protection of mild steel in HCl solutions: Electrochemical analysis, SEM/EDX, XPS, DFT, and MDS calculations
Authors: Kharbouch Otmane , Dahmani Khadija , Saber Issam , El‐alouani Marouane , Errahamany Nordine , El hajri Fatima , Galai Mouhsine , Boukhris Said , Touhami Mohamed Ebn , Nassali Hakima , AlObaid Abeer A. , Al‐Maswari Basheer M. , Al‐Sadoon Mohammad K.
Published: September 2024

This study takes a detailed look at the corrosion inhibition capabilities of two benzodiazepine‐derived organic compounds, 3,3‐dimethyl‐11‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2,3,4,5,10,11‐hexahydro‐1H‐dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin‐1‐one (PNO) and 3,3‐dimethyl‐11‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐2,3,4,5,10,11‐hexahydro‐1H‐dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin‐1‐one (ONO), in a 1.0‐M hydrochloric acid environment using a variety of analytical methods, including electrochemical approaches — electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentio‐dynamic polarization (PDP). The results show that the concentration‐dependent inhibitory efficacy of PNO and ONO increases with increasing concentration. Both inhibitors exhibit mixed‐type behaviour, which is confirmed by the polarization results. At the optimum concentration, the inhibition efficiencies of PNO and ONO are 92.9% (PNO) and 87.6% (ONO), respectively. The effective adsorption of these inhibitors on the metal surface was also confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The existence of a barrier layer surrounding the mild steel was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), all of which were used to study the surface characterization. The most important interactions with the iron surface are achieved by inhibitors with electron‐accepting properties, according to density functional theory results and molecular dynamic simulation (MDS). With encouraging prospects for industry and metal preservation, these results pave the way for promising applications for effective corrosion protection in a 1.0‐M HCl environment.
The impact of cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐based contact lenses
Authors: Blanc Emilie , Faran Syed Ali , Dufresne Alain , Fitzhenry Laurence , Mariano Marcos
Published: September 2024

Contact lenses are widely used corrective devices for addressing vision impairments. In addition to their traditional role, these lenses are increasingly applied in personalized care, biosensing, and drug release, thus broadening their application as multifunctional devices. Nanoparticles are often used to introduce new functionalities to these materials. In this context, the role played by different nanoparticles requires attention to ensure that lens manufacture and patient comfort meet the desired criteria. This study investigates the properties of contact lenses prepared by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals into the poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix. Using photopolymerization reactions, polyHEMA‐based lenses and nanocomposites containing freeze‐dried and never‐dried nanoparticles were obtained. Fundamental properties of these lenses were evaluated to verify whether the nanoparticles could have a negative effect on the materials. Subsequently, the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the adsorption of model amino acids was investigated. Our findings reveal that the presence of cellulose nanocrystals modifies on lens thickness, light transmittance, mechanical properties, refractive index (RI), and the uptake of amino acids by the contact lenses. This could potentially affect patient comfort and modify the uptake and release of pharmaceutical ingredients by the material. Additionally, it could impact how these materials interact with biomolecules present in the lacrimal fluid.
Integrating Direct Experimental Fishing and Environmental DNA Metabarcoding to Assess Fish Biodiversity in the Cibareno River, Indonesia, to Support Fishway Design
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Wibowo Arif , Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Rochman Fathur , Irawan Deni , Atminarso Dwi , Prasetyo Andhika Prima , Deniansen Tri , Ginanjar Rendy , Zamroni Mochammad , Iswantari Aliati , Andriyono Sapto , Surbani Indah Lestari , Rosadi Imron , Jaya Yohanes Yudha P. , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Nagai Satoshi , Rourke Meaghan , Hubert Nicolas , Stuart Ivor , Baumgartner Lee
Published: September 2024

A fishway is an engineered structure designed to help fish navigate past artificial barriers in rivers such as dams, weirs and regulators. An effective fishway design requires an understanding of fish biodiversity and migration requirements of the local community.

To support the conceptual design of a fishway at Caringin Weir in the Cibareno River in Indonesia, we conducted a fish biodiversity assessment using experimental fishing and an eDNA metabarcoding survey.

In early 2022, experimental fishing was conducted at six sampling sites upstream and downstream of the planned weir, and the sites were surveyed seven times during the wet and dry seasons. Environmental DNA sampling was conducted once during the wet season at each of the six sites.

A total of 72 aquatic species were detected, comprising 40 fish species and seven crustacean species captured during experimental fishing and 36 fish species identified through eDNA metabarcoding. Twelve fish species (18.46%) were detected using both methods. The total number of all species caught and species richness in experimental fishing varied significantly between upstream and downstream areas (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between seasons (p > 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the species richness upstream and downstream using eDNA metabarcoding (p < 0.05). There were also numerous diadromous species, further highlighting the need for an effective fishway design to enable these species to complete their migrations.

Based on the species present, migratory behaviour and economic importance, we prioritised six fish and crustacean species to be considered during fishway design: Anguilla marmorata, Tor tambra, Barbodes binotatus, Sicyopterus sp., Rhyacichthys aspro and Macrobrachium sp.
The effects of organic acids on broiler chicken nutrition: A review
Authors: Chukwudi Prosper , Umeugokwe Paulinus Ikenna , Ikeh Nnanna Ephraim , Amaefule Bright Chigozie
Published: September 2024

To meet the requirements of the modern chicken industry, high levels of productivity and efficient feed conversion are necessary. This can be partially accomplished by using particular feed additives. The prohibition of antibiotic usage has compelled researchers to explore alternative options to antibiotics. Organic acids and their salts are commonly employed in poultry farming as substitutes for antibiotic growth promoters. These compounds are distinguished by the presence of a carboxylic acid group and are classified as weak acids. They function as intermediates in the degradation of amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids. Organic acids encompass a wide range of chemical substances that are commonly found naturally as fundamental constituents of animal tissues, plants, and microorganisms. Organic acids decrease the pH of the intestinal tract, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms. This enhances the digestion of nutrients and increases immunity in chickens, eliminating the need for antibiotics. This review provides an overview of recent research findings regarding the antimicrobial effect of organic acids and the impact of organic acids on growth performance, intestinal health, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens.
Inorganic‐Organic Composite Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Lv Yaokang , Xiong Wei , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: September 2024

As potential candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted more and more attention from researchers and investors. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to develop high‐efficient cathode materials for improving comprehensive performances of AZIBs. Recently reported inorganic‐organic composite (IOC) cathode materials exhibited excellent electrochemical performance and were generally superior to corresponding inorganic or organic cathode materials. This paper presents a timely review on recent progresses and challenges in IOCs for AZIBs. Preparation strategies of IOCs have been elaborated and categorized, recent advances and main working mechanisms of IOCs are exhibited with a focus on the analysis methods for mechanism studies, outlooks and challenges of IOC cathodes for AZIBs are outlined to guide their future development.
A limited sampling model to estimate the area under the curve of mycophenolic acid in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Lin Liangmo , Hong Mianhui , Fu Xiangjun
Published: September 2024

Relationship between the areas under the curve (AUC) of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and the likelihood of rejection is well‐established in solid organ transplantation recipients. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), MPA AUC is also linked to graft versus host disease. This study aimed to develop a simplified method to estimate MPA AUC0–12 in Chinese patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT (allo‐HSCT). Intensive sampling was conducted in 22 patients who were orally administered mycophenolate mofetil. Plasma concentrations of total MPA were measured, and a model predicting AUC0–12 using data from these 22 patients was constructed through regression analysis. The accuracy of the most suitable model was assessed in an additional 20 patients. None of the individual MPA concentrations showed a strong correlation with AUC0–12 (r2 < 0.7). Models utilizing 4 or more concentrations were found to effectively estimate MPA AUC0–12 (r2 > 0.87). The most operationally feasible model demonstrated good predictive performance with a mean absolute percentage error (APE%) < 20%. Single MPA concentrations showed poor correlation with MPA AUC0–12. A model utilizing 4 oral concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 4 h postdose) over a 12‐h period could effectively estimate MPA AUC0–12 with precise results and minimal bias.
Nanosensor based on HP‐MAP1 and carbon nanotubes for bacteria detection
Authors: Silva Winne F. S. M. , Migliolo Ludovico , Silva Patrícia S. , Lima Glaucia M. S. , Oliveira Maria D. L. , Andrade Cesar A. S.
Published: September 2024

Healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) pose significant challenges to global health due to pathogen complexity and antimicrobial resistance. Biosensors utilizing antimicrobial peptides offer innovative solutions. Hylarana picturata Multiple Active Peptide 1 (Hp‐MAP1), derived from Temporin‐PTA, exhibits antibacterial properties sourced from the skin secretions of the Malaysian fire‐bellied frog. An innovative sensing layer was developed for the electrochemical biorecognition of diverse pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy differentiated microorganisms based on distinct electrochemical responses. The sensor layer, composed of functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) associated with Hp‐MAP1, exhibited varying levels of charge transfer resistance (RCT) for different microorganisms. Gram‐negative species, especially P. aeruginosa, displayed higher RCT values, indicating better impedimetric responses. Excellent LODs were observed for P. aeruginosa (0.60), K. pneumoniae (0.42), E. coli (0.67), and S. aureus (0.59), highlighting the efficacy of the MWCNTs/Hp‐MAP1 biosensor in microbial identification. The MWCNTs/Hp‐MAP1 biosensor platform presents a promising and effective microbial identification strategy with potential healthcare applications to mitigate HAIs and enhance patient care.
Cemiplimab monotherapy in Japanese patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer
Authors: Hasegawa Kosei , Takahashi Shunji , Ushijima Kimio , Okadome Masao , Yonemori Kan , Yokota Harushige , Vergote Ignace , Monk Bradley J. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Fujiwara Keiichi , Li Jingjin , Jamil Shaheda , Paccaly Anne , Takehara Kazuhiro , Usami Tomoka , Aoki Yoichi , Suzuki Nao , Kobayashi Yoichi , Yoshida Yoshio , Watari Hidemichi , Seebach Frank , Lowy Israel , Mathias Melissa , Fury Matthew G. , Oaknin Ana
Published: September 2024

Background

In the phase 3 EMPOWER‐Cervical 1/GOG‐3016/ENGOT‐cx9 study, cemiplimab significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer who progressed after first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. We present a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients enrolled in Japan.

Methods

Patients were enrolled regardless of programmed cell death‐ligand 1 status and randomized 1:1 to cemiplimab 350 mg intravenously every 3 weeks or investigator's choice  single‐agent chemotherapy for up to 96 weeks. Primary endpoint was OS. Key secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR).

Results

Overall, 608 patients were randomized, of whom 56 (9.2%) were in Japan (cemiplimab, n = 29; chemotherapy, n = 27). The median (range) duration of follow‐up was 13.6 (6.0–25.3) versus 18.2 (6.0–38.2) months for patients in Japan and for the overall population, respectively. Median OS (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 8.4 (7.0‐not evaluable) and 9.4 (5.4–14.9) months for cemiplimab versus chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.43–1.68). Median PFS (95% CI) was 4.0 (1.4–8.2) versus 3.7 (1.8–4.2) months with cemiplimab and chemotherapy (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.50–1.61), respectively. ORR was 17.2% for cemiplimab and 7.4% for chemotherapy (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 0.44–13.99). Incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events at any grade was 79.3% for cemiplimab and 100% for chemotherapy. Grade ≥3 adverse events were 37.9% versus 66.7% with cemiplimab and chemotherapy, respectively.

Discussion

While acknowledging limitations inherent to a small subgroup analysis, the HR of 0.86 observed in Japanese patients suggests an emerging survival benefit despite a 4.6‐month shorter median duration of follow‐up versus the overall study population.
The Industrial Application Potential of Sugar Beet Pulp Derived Monosaccharides d‐Galacturonic Acid and l‐Arabinose.
Authors: Jansen Laura M. , Hendriks Veronique C. A. , Bentlage Herman , Ranoux Adeline , Raaijmakers Harry W. C. , Boltje Thomas J.
Published: September 2024

This review provides a perspective on the industrial application potential of sugar beet pulp (SBP) derived monosaccharides. The broad application of these monosaccharides could contribute to bio‐based alternatives and sustainable practices, essential for the transition towards a more circular economy. This review focuses on the utilization and application of two SBP monosaccharides, d‐galacturonic acid (d‐GalA) and l‐arabinose (l‐Ara), derived from pectin and hemicellulose. These polysaccharides are major components of sugar beet pulp, an important side stream of sucrose production. d‐GalA and l‐Ara are therefore abundant in biomass and offer unique molecular structures amenable to selective chemical or enzymatic modifications. We review their application in various industrial applications such as the development and production of bioactive compounds, home and personal care products, and other industries.
The “Cuttering (Cutting‐Dottering Balloon) Technique” for treatment of flow‐limiting coronary intramural hematoma
Authors: Gasparini Gabriele Luigi , Maurina Matteo , Regazzoli Damiano , Canova Paolo , Leone Pier Pasquale , Mangieri Antonio , Reimers Bernhard
Published: September 2024

Background

Coronary artery dissections are caused by a tear in the vessel endothelium, resulting in blood extravasation into the subintimal space, with subsequent intramural hematoma (IMH). One potential technique to deal with this complication is the use of cutting balloons, however, a significant number of cases experienced distal propagation of the hematoma. We describe a novel technique that enhances the possibility of creating intimal tears between the false and true lumen, aiding in hematoma drainage and restoring distal coronary flow.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of seven consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention complicated by flow‐limiting intramural hematomas. All patients were treated using the “Cuttering Technique,” based on the operators’ preference. Procedural success was defined as achieving a distal thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 (TIMI 3) flow.

Results

In five out of seven patients treated with “Cuttering Technique” we observed a complete restoration of TIMI 3 flow into the dissected segment.

Conclusions

Our cases show the effectiveness of the “Cuttering Technique” as a viable approach for managing IMHs. This technique enhances the possibility of creating intimal tears between the false and true lumens, aiding in hematoma drainage and restoring distal coronary flow.
The Polish political scene vis‐à‐vis acts of mass anti‐Semitic violence in the interwar period: Reconnaissance (1918–1939)
Authors: Krzywiec Grzegorz
Published: September 2024

The article provides a qualitative analysis of the political discourse in highly polarized political environment and the role of political divisions in shaping the collective violence. The paper will summarize attitudes toward pogrom violence of key political parties in pre WW2 Poland.
Wearable dual‐band dual‐polarized screen‐printed fabric antenna enabled with electromagnetic bandgap structure for ISM and WLAN communications
Authors: Somasundaram Arulmurugan , TR SureshKumar , Sidén Johan , Alex Zachariah C
Published: September 2024

A wearable dual‐band dual‐polarized fabric antenna is screen printed on a cotton polyester substrate to operate at the industrial scientific and medical band at 2.45 GHz and wireless local area network at 5.2 GHz. A rectangular slot with a pair of L‐shaped branches are used to excite dual bands. The rectangular slot is used to achieve lower band resonance at 2.45 GHz with linear polarization, and an L‐shaped branch with a stub is used to obtain the circular polarization at 5.2 GHz. A 3 × 3 electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is enabled behind the antenna to minimize the back radiation and specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna provides a measured impedance bandwidth (BW) of 25% from 2.1 to 2.7 GHz (600 MHz), and 18% from 4.5 to 5.7 GHz (1.2 GHz), respectively. The antenna also has a 3‐dB axial ratio BW of 15% from 4.6 to 5.35 GHz (750 MHz). The antenna exhibits a measured gain of 5.1 dB at 5.2 GHz and 6.4 dB at 2.45 GHz. The SAR is validated by using a CST (computer simulation technology) voxel human body model and found to be 0.0949 and 0.127 W/kg for 1 g tissue at 5.2 and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The dimension of the proposed EBG integrated antenna is (0.52 λ × 0.52 λ × 0.07 λ). The antenna and EBG structure are screen printed with silver conductive ink, which provides good conductivity, conformability, comfort, wearability, and being lightweight.
Semaglutide “Ozempic” Face and Implications in Cosmetic Dermatology
Authors: Montecinos Karen , Kania Barbara , Goldberg David J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, has been utilized for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has gained popularity for its ability to aid in weight loss. However, rapid weight loss induced by semaglutide has been shown to lead to noticeable facial volume loss and the appearance of a prematurely aged face referred to as “Ozempic face.” As this term gains more popularity and increasingly more nondiabetic patients seek rapid weight loss options, there is growing concern among patients and healthcare providers regarding using semaglutide for weight loss as it may have a negative impact on facial esthetics.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the semaglutide face phenomenon associated with GLP‐1 agonist use for the treatment of obesity.

Methods

A comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to identify the available information related to semaglutide regarding Ozempic face. The search was conducted using a combination of keywords, including “semaglutide,” “semaglutide face,” and “Ozempic face.”

Results

“Semaglutide face” is recognized as having similar characteristics to a naturally occurring aging face. However, the characteristics of an Ozempic face occur in people much younger than what is seen with the natural aging process. While some believe that this phenomenon is attributed to acute weight loss at a faster rate than normal, many physicians argue that the semaglutide face phenomenon is more likely to occur with the amount of weight lost overall rather than whether that individual used a semaglutide medication to achieve the weight reduction or not. Overall, the semaglutide face phenomenon is characterized by elastin and collagen loss, fat and muscle volume loss, and excessive sagging skin.

Conclusions

The semaglutide face phenomenon highlights the esthetic implications of using semaglutide for the promotion of accelerated weight loss. While this term is not medically recognized, the hollow or sunken look following rapid weight loss sheds light on the effect of semaglutide in facial fat redistribution and volume loss. The metabolic changes induced by GLP‐1 agonists can impact adipose and muscle tissue, which can lead to changes in facial contour and overall appearance. While semaglutide‐induced facial changes may resemble signs of premature aging, they are distinct in their rapid onset and association with significant weight loss. Individuals experiencing semaglutide face have treatment options available depending on their own treatment goals.
Uses of Dupilumab in Dermatology: A Systematic Review of the Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Alenazy Asmaa Enad , Alanazi Yasmeen Mohammed , Alanazi Sumayyah Inad , Alrohaimi Nehal Hassan
Published: September 2024

Background

Dupilumab has shown promise as a therapeutic option in dermatology, particularly in conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD), prurigo nodularis, and alopecia areata. This systematic review aimed to analyze the efficacy, safety, and benefits of dupilumab based on findings from placebo‐controlled trials in dermatological conditions.

Study Aim

The objective was to systematically review placebo‐controlled trials evaluating dupilumab in dermatological conditions and analyze the outcomes related to efficacy, safety, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).

Methodology

A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) using keywords related to “dupilumab,” “dermatology,” “randomized controlled trial,” and “placebo.” Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials comparing dupilumab against placebo, reporting relevant outcomes, and excluding non‐randomized studies or those with interventions other than dupilumab.

Results

The review included nine placebo‐controlled trials with a total sample size of 6797 participants. Dupilumab demonstrated significant improvements in clinical severity, PROs, anxiety/depression symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to placebo in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD. In prurigo nodularis, dupilumab showed significant improvements in pruritus and nodule reduction compared to placebo. Promising results were observed in alopecia areata, particularly in patients with high baseline IgE levels, with improvements in SALT scores and hair regrowth. PROs such as itch, sleep, mental health, and overall quality of life were improved with dupilumab, especially with the 300 mg dose regimens.

Conclusion

The findings from placebo‐controlled trials support the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in dermatological conditions, including AD, prurigo nodularis, and alopecia areata. Dupilumab appears to be a valuable therapeutic option, with potential benefits in improving clinical outcomes and PROs. Further research is warranted to explore its efficacy in other conditions and optimize dosing regimens for personalized treatment approaches.
Knockout of rbm24a and rbm24b genes in zebrafish impairs skeletal and cardiac muscle integrity and function during development
Authors: Saquet Audrey , Ying Ziwei , Shi De‐Li , Grifone Raphaëlle
Published: September 2024

Backgound

Skeletal and cardiac muscles are contractile tissues whose development and function are dependent on genetic programs that must be precisely orchestrated in time and space. In addition to transcription factors, RNA‐binding proteins tightly regulate gene expression by controlling the fate of RNA transcripts, thus specific proteins levels within the cell. Rbm24 has been identified as a key player of myogenesis and cardiomyogenesis in several vertebrates, by controlling various aspects of post‐transcriptional regulation, including pre‐mRNA alternative splicing and mRNA stabilization. In zebrafish, knockdown of rbm24a or rbm24b also causes skeletal and cardiac muscle phenotypes, but how their combined loss affects muscle integrity and function remains elusive.

Results

By genome editing, we have generated rbm24a and rbm24b single mutants as well as double mutants. Structural analyses indicate that homozygous rbm24a and rbm24b double mutants exhibit severe somitic muscle and cardiac phenotypes, although rbm24b single mutants are obviously normal. We further show that the loss of rbm24a and rbm24b disrupts sarcomere organization, impairing functional contractility and motility of skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Conclusion

The rbm24 mutant zebrafish represents a new genetic tool for in‐depth studies of Rbm24‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle development, disease and regeneration.
Red‐Phosphorus‐Based Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Progress
Authors: Han Zhen , Yang Xiaoxue , Yao Hao , Ran Chaoyang , Guan Chunxi , Lu Ke , Yang Chunliang , Fu Lin
Published: September 2024

The shortage of lithium resources is widely recognized as a key factor that affects the further development of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The sodium (Na) has abundant resources in the earth's crust and its physicochemical properties are similar to Li, which ensure that sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a substitute for LIBs in certain fields. Unfortunately, the lower energy density of SIBs limits its application range. Therefore, studying high specific capacity anode materials to improve the energy density of batteries is an important direction of SIBs. Red‐phosphorus (P)‐based anode materials are ideal candidates for high energy density SIBs because of their high theoretical specific capacity and suitable working voltage. However, the red‐P‐based anode materials for SIBs meet intractable challenges in terms of the poor electrical conductivity and huge volume changes during cycling, resulting in inferior electrochemical performances. In this article, the research progress of red‐P‐based anode material for SIBs in recent years, including the red‐P/carbon composite, element‐doped composite, metal phosphide, and stable interface design, is reviewed. Herein, the decisive role is highlighted that composite design with highly conductive carbon materials plays in addressing the challenges associated with red‐P‐based anodes and a perspective on their development direction is given.
User involvement in the design and development of medical devices in epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Ferreira João , Peixoto Ricardo , Lopes Lígia , Beniczky Sándor , Ryvlin Philippe , Conde Carlos , Claro João
Published: September 2024

Objective

This systematic review aims to describe the involvement of persons with epilepsy (PWE), healthcare professionals (HP) and caregivers (CG) in the design and development of medical devices is epilepsy.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligibility criteria included peer‐reviewed research focusing on medical devices for epilepsy management, involving users (PWE, CG, and HP) during the MDD process. Searches were performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and a total of 55 relevant articles were identified and reviewed.

Results

From 1999 to 2023, there was a gradual increase in the number of publications related to user involvement in epilepsy medical device development (MDD), highlighting the growing interest in this field. The medical devices involved in these studies encompassed a range of seizure detection tools, healthcare information systems, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) technologies reflecting the emphasis on seizure detection, prediction, and prevention. PWE and CG were the primary users involved, underscoring the importance of their perspectives. Surveys, usability testing, interviews, and focus groups were the methods used for capturing user perspectives. User involvement occurs in four out of the five stages of MDD, with production being the exception.

Significance

User involvement in the MDD process for epilepsy management is an emerging area of interest holding a significant promise for improving device quality and patient outcomes. This review highlights the need for broader and more effective user involvement, as it currently lags in the development of commercially available medical devices for epilepsy management. Future research should explore the benefits and barriers of user involvement to enhance medical device technologies for epilepsy.

Plain Language Summary

This review covers studies that have involved users in the development process of medical devices for epilepsy. The studies reported here have focused on getting input from people with epilepsy, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. These devices include tools for detecting seizures, stimulating nerves, and tracking brain activity. Most user feedback was gathered through surveys, usability tests, interviews, and focus groups. Users were involved in nearly every stage of device development except production. The review highlights that involving users can improve device quality and patient outcomes, but more effective involvement is needed in commercial device development. Future research should focus on the benefits and challenges of user involvement.