bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Netnografi Yöntemi Kullanılarak Arabesk ve Türk Sanat Müziği Sanal Topluluklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: CEBECİ Gökçe , KÜÇÜKKANCABAŞ ESEN Selin
Published: June 2019

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Bu araştırmada, internet aracılığıyla sanal toplulukların etnografik olarak incelenmesini sağlayan yeni bir nitel araştırma yöntemi olan netnografi yöntemi kullanılarak arabesk müzik ve Türk sanat müziği dinleyicilerinden oluşan sanal topluluklar incelenmektedir. Araştırmada, arabesk ve Türk sanat müziği dinleyicilerinin sanal topluluklardaki elektronik duvarlarda yer alan paylaşımları incelenerek, dinleyicilerin bu müzik türleri ile ilgili görüşleri, bu müzik türünü hangi sanatçılarla neden özdeşleştirdikleri keşfedilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları müzik pazarlamacılarına, dinleyicilerinin ilgilerini daha iyi çekmelerini ve daha fazla dinleyiciye ulaşmalarını sağlayacak fikirler sunmaktadır. 
Döviz Kuru Değişkenliğinin Türkiye’nin Euro Kullanan Ülkelere İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: AĞAZADE Seymur
Published: June 2019

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Bu çalışmada reel döviz kuru değişkenliğinin Türkiye’nin Euro kullanan 12 ülkeye olan ihracatı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Euro’nun tedavüle girdiği 2002 sonrası yıllara ait üçer aylık veri seti ve panel veri yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçları reel döviz kuru değişkenliğinin Türkiye’nin Euro kullanan ülkelere olan ihracatını düşük düzeyde, kalıcı olmayacak bir şekilde ve negatif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda, reel döviz kurunun Türkiye’nin bu ülkelere olan ihracatını etkilediğine ilişkin herhangi bir bulgu elde edilememiştir. 
Savaşın Çocukları: İkinci Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında İstanbul’da Sokak Çocukları Sorunu ve Çözüm Arayışları
Authors: BURGAÇ Murat
Published: June 2019

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1 Eylül 1939’da Hitler’in Polonya’yı işgali, iki gün sonra da İngiltere ve Fransa’nın Almanya’ya savaş ilan etmesiyle II. Dünya Savaşının fitili ateşlendi. Türkiye, dünyanın önemli bir bölümünü yaklaşık altı yıl boyunca kasıp kavuracak olan bu ateş çemberinden uzak kalmayı başardı fakat savaşın getirdiği ekonomik sarsıntılardan kaçabilme konusunda aynı başarıyı gösteremedi. Ülkede derin bir ekonomik kriz ve bu krize bağlı olarak çeşitli toplumsal sorunlar ortaya çıktı. Bu sorunlardan biri de şüphesiz sokak çocuklarıydı. Sorunun en yoğun olarak yaşandığı kent ise kuşkusuz İstanbul’du. Savaş yılları boyunca İstanbul’da sokakta çalışmak ve/veya yaşamak zorunda kalan çocuk sayısında ciddi bir artış yaşandı. Sorunun büyümesine, bu çocukların kamusal alan için bir tehdit aynı zamanda toplum vicdanı için bir yara haline gelmesine paralel olarak, devlet çeşitli önlemler aldı ve bir takım projeler geliştirildi. 

Bu makalede II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında İstanbul’daki sokak çocukları sorununun ortaya çıkışı, sorunun büyümesi ve çözüm arayışları konuları irdelenecektir. 
Türkiye’de Sosyoloji Bölümleri Arasında İstihdam Örüntüleri: Sosyal Ağ Analizi Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ADAŞ Emin Baki
Published: June 2019

Bu makale, Türkiye’de sosyolojinin kurumsal gelişmesini bölümler arası istihdam örüntüleri üzerinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yazı, Türkiye’de salt akademik istihdam piyasasının niteliğini anlamanın ötesinde bir amaç taşımaktadır. Sıklıkla Türkiye sosyolojisi için dile getirilen “bölmelenmişlik” veya “süreksizlik” gibi tespitlerin işaret ettiği akademik okul/ekollerin veya akademik bir habitus oluş(a)maması sorununa bölümler arası akademik üretim ve istihdam örüntülerinin sosyal network analizi üzerinden bir katkı yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Son yıllarda, bölümler arası etkileşim ve istihdam örüntüsü, özellikle merkezdeki bölümler ile çevrede yer alan bölümler arasındaki artan akademik hareketlilik ve etkileşimin, “bölmelenmişlik sorununu” aşması yönünde maddi bir altyapının imkanlarını barındırmakla birlikte, ne ‘merkez’de konumlanan üniversiteler ve bölümler, ne de ‘çevre‘deki üniversite ve bölümler açısından akademik bir gelenek veya “epistemik cemaat” oluşması yönünde bir niteliğe dönüşmemiştir. Ne merkezdeki görece yüksek homojen yapı, ne de çevredeki farklı istihdam modellerinin sonucunda oluşan heterojen yapı bölmelenmişlik sorununu aşamamıştır. Bu niteliğiyle Türkiye’de sosyoloji, artan etkileşime rağmen bölmelenmişlik sorununu aşabildiğini söylemek mümkün görünmemektedir. Bu durum bir anomaliden ziyade cari akademik işleyişin bir sonucu olarak değerlendirilmelidir: Bunun en önemli nedeni ise, sosyoloji bölümlerinin kuruluşundan itibaren akademik üretim ve istihdam süreçlerinde bölümlerin özerkliğinin olmaması ve iktidarın müdahalelerine sürekli açık olmasının bir sonucudur.
Nesnel Bilgi Mi, İnşa Olarak Bilgi Mi?: Küresel Yaşlanma, Eğitim-Geliştirme İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Tartışma
Authors: MAN Fuat , YILMAZ Canan
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışma, klasik modernitenin ‘nesnel bilgi’ iddialarının karşısında postmodernitenin ‘bir inşa olarak bilgi’ yaklaşımına dayanarak belirli alanların, cari ihtiyaçlara bir cevap olarak doğduğunu ya da bu alanlardaki söylemlerin cari ihtiyaçlara göre icat edildiğini, evirildiğini ya da değiştiğini öne sürmektedir. Çalışma, bu iddiasını eğitim ve geliştirme alanının gelişimi üzerinde temellendirmektedir. Bu temellendirmeyi, akışkan bir dünyada küresel yaşlanmanın beraberinde getirmiş olduğu sorunların bir ..zümü olarak eğitim ve geliştirme alanının rolüne odaklanarak yapmaktadır. Çalışma öncelikle postmodernitenin bilgi ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Burada postmodernitenin mutlak bilgiye karşı mesafeli duruşu ve bilgiyi sosyal bir inşa olarak ele alan yaklaşım gösterilmektedir. Çalışma daha sonra küresel yaşlanma meselesini verilerle ele alıp son kısımda ise bu hususların eğitim ve geliştirme alanı için ne anlama geldiğini göstermektedir.
Assessment of prescribing pattern and cost analysis of topical steroids for skin disorders in dermatological outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: S. Srinath , R. Kavitha , K. Dhanalakshmi , Andrews Lyra P.
Published: June 2019

Background: Topical steroid is most commonly prescribed in non-infective dermatological conditions. Periodical Prescription audit is mandatory for the effective management. Hence the present study is designed to assess the prescribing pattern and cost analysis of topical steroids for various skin disorders in the dermatology OPD of a teaching hospital.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in dermatology OPD of a teaching hospital from Jan-Mar 2019 in patients prescribed with topical steroids in all age groups after obtaining IEC approval. Data was analyzed for prescription pattern and cost analysis using descriptive statistics and expressed in percentage.Results: A total of 90 prescriptions were analyzed among which males were 45% and females were 55%, the common indications were eczema-27.7%, atopic dermatitis-25.5%, psoriasis-16.6%, dermatoses-13.3%, lichen planus-7.77% etc. Topical steroids commonly prescribed were super potent (Clobetasol 34.4% and Halobetasol 22.2%). Cream and ointment formulation were commonly used. Common adverse reactions were skin atrophy, hypopigmentation, acne. In prescribing pattern, specification of strength and quantity were lacking whereas instructions regarding area of application-44.4%, route of administration-83.3%, frequency and duration-91% were noted. In cost analysis, comparison is made between similar potency and clinical outcome. Of which, Clobetasol 0.05% and Betamethasone 0.01% is found to be cost effective compared to Halobetasol 0.05% and Mometasone 0.1% respectively.Conclusions: This study provides a limelight on prescribing pattern of topical steroids and emphasize periodic audit to rationalize the prescription with cost effectiveness.
A study of prescription pattern of the pharmacotherapy of patients of hypertension at a tertiary care hospital, Aurangabad,Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chandra Shruti , Ubale Amol , Bhosle Deepak , Jayabhaye Deepali , Kaur Sukhmeen
Published: June 2019

Background: The overall prevalence for hypertension in India was estimated to be 29.8%. Patient’s optimal adherence with antihypertensive drug therapy is essential for preventing serious complications with hypertension over the long term. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the prescription pattern of the drugs prescribed to hypertensive patients.Methods: Present study was a prospective cross sectional observational study carried out in the outpatient of department of general medicine of MGM Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital, in Aurangabad. Prescriptions of 120 diagnosed hypertensive patients were analysed. Data was recorded as mean±standard deviation.Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.13±10.94 years with range 18-80 years. 82.5 % (99) of patients were male and 17.5% (21) of patients were female. Mean duration of hypertension was 3.97±2.55. Most of the patients 57 (47.5%) were on Mono therapy significantly higher than dual therapy, triple therapy and poly therapy, 39 (32.5%), 15 (12.5%), 9 (7.5%) respectively. Calcium channel blocker was the frequently used class of drug for monotherapy (20%). Polytherapy was seen in 7.5% patient. Among 120 patients’ only 37 patients were reported ADR. Maximum no of ADRs were reported from patients receiving ACE inhibitor.Conclusions: This type of studies gives the base line idea of prescription pattern and ADRs of antihypertensive drugs. These help to design policy for rational use of drugs and motivation of physician for rational use of drugs.
An observational study on the surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in the surgery ward of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kudchadkar Aditi A. , Bhounsule Sushama A.
Published: June 2019

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common postoperative complication and represents a significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and cost to health services around the world. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis helps in reducing the incidence of SSIs. Appropriate surgical prophylaxis is a multifactorial process that depends on proper case selection, antibiotic selection including dosing and route of administration and duration of therapy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 3 months on 200 operated patients in surgery ward of a tertiary hospital. Patient details like demography, type of surgery performed and antibiotics prescribed pre and post-surgical procedure was collected and analysed using Microsoft excel.Results: Out of 200 patients 32.5% (65) were females and 67.5% (135) were males. Total number of prophylactic antibiotics prescribed were 368. The most commonly prescribed group of antibiotics was cephalosporins (44.29%) followed by metronidazole (26.5%) and ofloxacin (9.48%). Among the cephalosporins the most commonly prescribed was cefuroxime in 82 patients (50.3%) and cefoperazone in 79 patients (48.46%). SSI developed in 3 out of 200 patients (1.5%).Conclusions: There is an urgent requirement to promote rational antibiotic prescribing among surgeons. The need of the hour is developing and implementing national guidelines for surgical prophylaxis by a multidisciplinary group of experts.
Influência da temperatura e tempo de cura na transição vítrea da resina epóxi
Authors: Castro Alexandre Mendes , Francisquetti Edson Luiz , Gasparin Alexandre Luís
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo determinou a temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) de uma resina epóxi utilizada como matriz de material compósito com tecido de fibra de carbono. Foram utilizados dois métodos distintos de cura, com o objetivo de obter uma Tg mínima e uma cura sem bolhas ou vazios internos. A aplicação dessa resina será como matriz de um compósito laminado de fibra de carbono. Para tal dois métodos de cura foram propostos, o método A e B. O método A consistiu em curar a resina em estufa com uma temperatura de cura e pós-cura mais elevadas, porém por num tempo menor do que o método B. O método A resultou em temperaturas de transição vítrea em três das cinco amostras acima dos 100°C; porém, houveram defeitos internos nas amostras no momento da cura em temperatura elevada. O método B consistiu em curar 4 amostras em temperatura mais baixa (na faixa dos 23 °C), por um período de tempo maior (24, 96, 168, 240 h). Após esse processo, submeteu-se a uma pós-cura em estufa com uma temperatura mais elevada (55 °C ou 80 °C) por 4 horas, e avaliou-se a sua Tg antes e depois do processo de pós-cura. O método B obteve todas as amostras livres de defeitos tanto no processo de cura quanto no processo de pós-cura, e apresentou uma amostra com Tg logo acima dos 90 °C após o processo de pós-cura. A aplicação do material compósito em estrutura aeronáutica será submetida a temperaturas de no máximo 80 °C. O método B foi escolhido por satisfazer os critérios de isenção de defeitos internos e uma Tg acima dos 80 °C.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v7iss3p14
Use of Indicator Dilution Principle to Evaluate Accuracy of Arterial Input Function Measured With Low-Dose Ultrafast Prostate Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Fan Xiaobing , Zhang Yue , Medved Milica , He Dianning , Yousuf Ambereen , Jamison Ernest , Oto Aytekin , Karczmar Gregory S.
Published: June 2019

Accurately measuring arterial input function (AIF) is essential for quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used the indicator dilution principle to evaluate the accuracy of AIF measured directly from an artery following a low-dose contrast media ultrafast DCE-MRI. In total, 15 patients with biopsy-confirmed localized prostate cancers were recruited. Cardiac MRI (CMRI) and ultrafast DCE-MRI were acquired on a Philips 3 T Ingenia scanner. The AIF was measured at iliac arties following injection of a low-dose (0.015 mmol/kg) gadolinium (Gd) contrast media. The cardiac output (CO) from CMRI (COCMRI) was calculated from the difference in ventricular volume at diastole and systole measured on the short axis of heart. The CO from DCE-MRI (CODCE) was also calculated from the AIF and dose of the contrast media used. A correlation test and Bland–Altman plot were used to compare COCMRI and CODCE. The average (±standard deviation [SD]) area under the curve measured directly from local AIF was 0.219 ± 0.07 mM·min. The average (±SD) COCMRI and CODCE were 6.52 ± 1.47 L/min and 6.88 ± 1.64 L/min, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82, P < .01) and good agreement between COCMRI and CODCE. The CODCE is consistent with the reference standard COCMRI. This indicates that the AIF can be measured accurately from an artery with ultrafast DCE-MRI following injection of a low-dose contrast media.
A Comparative Evaluation of Regulatory T Cells Profile among Acute and Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: FIROUZJAIE-KARDER Fahimeh , AKHOUNDI Behnaz , MOHEBALI Mehdi , AZMOUDEH ARDALAN Farid , RAHIMI-FOROUSHANI Abbas , MESGARIAN Fatemeh , HAJJARAN Homa , MORTAZAVI Hossein , SHAKIBA Yadollah , CHAREHDAR Sorour , ELIKAEE Samira , KAKOOEI Zahra , SHAFEGHAT Zahra
Published: June 2019

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is described as a major health problem in many countries of the world. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are characterized as one of immunologic indexes. One of the best methods to determine of Tregs percentage is flow cytometry. The aim of this study was determination of the role of Tregs profile among acute and chronic forms of human CL using flow cytometry analysis.
Methods: This study was conducted on 24 patients referred to Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran with acute and 14 patients with chronic phases of CL as well as 15 healthy individuals as control group in 2015-2016. After microscopic examination, 2 ml of peripheral blood samples were collected for determining percentage of CD4+ CD25+ CD127 low Tregs by using flow cytometry method.
Results: Using flow cytometry analysis, the average percentage of Tregs were calculated 5.73, 6.71 and 6.61 for acute, chronic and healthy individuals, respectively. With SPSS software and Scheffe multiple comparison tests, the differences within in these groups are statistically significant (P=0.04) and between the acute and chronic group, there was marginally significant with approximately 91% of confidence level (P=0.088).
Conclusion: Marginally differences were found significantly among averages of Regulatory T cells, acute and chronic phases of CL. Further comprehensive studies can be needed to verify the role of Tregs in both phases of CL cases.
Epidemiological Studies on Porcine Trichinellosis in Five States of North East India
Authors: Barua ACHEENTA Gohain , Pawan JYOTI Chutia , HIMANGSHU Raj , DHARITREE Sonowal , UTTAM Rajkhowa , CHANDRANI Goswami
Published: June 2019

Background: This study was carried out to evaluate the epidemiological studies of trichinellosis in five states of North East India from Apr 2016 to Dec 2017.
Methods: Overall, 865 different meat samples for detection of Trichinella larvae and 1580 sera samples for detection of anti-Trichinella antibody were collected. Intensity of infection with Trichinella larvae in meat was determined by HCL: Pepsin digestion procedure and anti-Trichinella IgG in serum were detected using excretory/secretory antigens, according to validated ELISA.
Results: No Trichinella larva was detected by HCL: Pepsin digestion method. However, four (0.25%) samples were seropositive for Trichinella IgG and four inconclusive results as per cut off value. The highest seroprevalence was observed in Meghalaya (0.41%) followed by Assam (0.27%) whereas no seropositive cases were recorded in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Tripura.
Conclusion: Trichinellosis is common in North East, India. However, it is suspected in communities where more than 75% of the population relish pork. Finally, there is a need for more research to establish the facts of trichinellosis in this region. Thus, public awareness, food hygiene, monitoring, and surveillance programme are suggested to implement for prevention of trichinellosis in this region.
Blood Donor Deferrals for Malaria in Iran: A Five-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: MARDANI Ahmad , KESHAVARZ Hossein
Published: June 2019

Background: Malaria is one of the most important transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) worldwide. To prevent the occurrence of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM), potential blood donors with a history of malaria or travel to, or residence in, malarious areas are permanently or temporarily deferred from donating blood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the blood donor deferrals for malaria in Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) from 21 Mar 2011 to 19 Mar 2016 (5 yr). The data were collected and extracted from IBTO comprehensive database, namely Negareh, and then recorded in a structured template form. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results: Of the 12,790,859 blood donation volunteers, 23,084 (0.18%) were deferred due to the risk of malaria. More than 90% of malaria-deferrals were because of travel to and residence in malaria endemic areas. Among the malaria-deferred volunteers, 22,139 (95.91%) were male and 945 (4.09%) were female; 2,053 (8.89%) were permanently deferred, while 21,031 (91.11%) were temporarily deferred. The highest malaria-deferral rates were observed in South Khorasan (0.82%), Razavi Khorasan (0.79%) and Yazd (0.54%) provinces, respectively.
Conclusion: Given the prevalence of malaria in neighboring countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan) and several provinces of Iran and the increasing human migration and movement between malaria non-endemic and endemic areas, the malaria-deferral rate might be higher than 0.18% in Iran. Thus, the changing, as well as the precise and accurate implementation of donor selection process must be considered in all blood transfusion centers of Iran.
EDUCAÇÃO, DIREITO E VIOLÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES COTIDIANAS
Authors: Andrade Aldair Oliveira de , Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Neste segundo número do volume 2 (2019) da Revista Relações Sociais fazemos mais um ataque frontal com o único instrumento que acreditamos capaz de transformar a realidade social, o mundo vivido, a pena, a letra, o discurso, a reflexão. O Corpo Editorial e seus colaboradores acreditam que a pena tem mais poder que a espada, pois somente aquela pode modificar aquele que empunha a espada e pode modificar a própria natureza humana. Oportuna a afirmação de Jaerger (2001, p. 10) “uma educação consciente pode até mudar a natureza física do homem e suas qualidades, elevando-lhe a capacidade a um nível superior”. Usamos a pena, ousamos com ela e por ela na construção e transformação da realidade social, do universal, do nacional, do local, do micro espaço, onde exista gente, onde existam homens e mulheres que ainda não alcançaram e nem se colocaram a caminho de construção de um mundo melhor. Parece pouco nossa contribuição, no entanto, é pertinente compreender que mesmo a corrente mais forte, produzida do material mais resistente do universo, carrega em si um princípio essencial, é feita por elos, e nós somos apenas um elo, sem o qual e pelo qual a corrente não existe ou não existiria. Neste volume trazemos temos interessantes, o que nos remente a refletir com pensadores como, Werner Jaeger, Alfred Schutz, Friedrich Nietzsche, Hannah Arendt, Theodor Adorno, Jessé de Souza, entre outros. Assim, nos lembremos do projeto iluminista que preconizava que o uso da razão livraria a humanidade, da barbárie, da vilania, causado pela ignorância, em suma do obscurantismo. No entanto, tal projeto não chegou a termo, pois muito embora tenhamos avançado no processo civilizatório paradoxalmente avançamos na barbárie, pois “o sono da razão produz monstros” (CASTRO, 2012).  Não menos oportuno lembrar do filósofo da suspeita Nietzsche (2004), quando afirma que é necessário construir um novo modo de educação dos jovens, pois o modelo criado sob os auspícios do iluminismo produziu uma cultura de verniz, uma cultura de salão.
CULTURA JURÍDICA E EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL: ANÁLISE DOS DISCURSOS PROFERIDOS PELO DEPUTADO FRANCISCO MENDES PIMENTEL NO TRÂMITE DA LEI ESTADUAL 203/1896
Authors: ALVES DEBORA CASTRO , GONÇALVES IRLEN ANTONIO
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a presença da cultura jurídica nas discussões que levaram à aprovação da Lei 203, de 18 de setembro de 1896, Lei que tratava do ensino profissional primário no Estado de Minas Gerais. Analisou-se, especificamente, os discursos proferidos pelo deputado Francisco Mendes Pimentel no trâmite da citada Lei, pelo fato deste deputado ter sido o criador do projeto e em razão desse parlamentar ser bacharel em Direito, formado pela Faculdade de Direito de São Paulo. Para realizar a análise do discurso foi utilizada a teoria do Discurso Político proposta por Patrick Charaudeau e o conceito de cultura jurídica defendido por Ricardo Marcelo Fonseca. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. As fontes utilizadas foram os anais do congresso legislativo mineiro disponibilizados no site do Arquivo Público Mineiro. Constatou-se que o deputado Francisco Mendes Pimentel, além de utilizar várias técnicas argumentativas próprias do discurso político, fez com que os saberes jurídicos por ele aprendidos na Academia circulassem no Parlamento por meio da discussão do projeto de Lei que culminou na aprovação da Lei 203, de 18 de setembro de 1896.
OS PROCESSOS RELIGIOSOS JUDAICO – CRISTÃOS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DO MACHISMO
Authors: Coelho Ingrid Mesquita , Cerdeira Daniel , Honorato Eduardo Jorge San'Tana
Published: June 2019

Objetivamos discutir a relação entre o machismo e o discurso religioso judaico- cristão. Para isso, nos munimos de uma revisão teórico-critico narrativo (não sistemático) com consulta em livros, artigos e teses com livre configuração temporal e após isso, nos aproximamos da bíblia e analisamos alguns versículos que nos ajudaram a pensar a construção do machismo como mantenedor da autoridade e opressão masculina sobre o feminino. Nossos achados mostraram que o discurso judaico-cristão influenciou durante toda a história da humanidade para violência e exclusão feminina. Segundo os escritos da bíblia, a figura religiosa chamada Jesus lutou por igualdade entre os gêneros, porém esses ensinamentos foram e são sufocados pela cultura patriarcal já estabelecida na época e que perdura até hoje.
DO SISTEMA TEÓRICO DE B. F. SKINNER À METACONTINGÊNCIA: OBSERVAÇÃO, EXPERIMENTAÇÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO
Authors: Vasconcelos Laércia Abreu , Lemos Roberta Freitas
Published: June 2019

A multideterminação do comportamento humano via três fontes de controle – filogenética, ontogenética e cultural – integra os princípios da ciência comportamental iniciada por B. F. Skinner nos anos 1930, tendo posteriormente, o artigo seminal Selection by Consequences (Skinner, 1981/1987a). A unidade de análise, a contingência de três termos, envolve a descrição de relações entre eventos ambientais antecedentes e subsequentes e a alteração da probabilidade futura de uma resposta alvo. A replicação fortalece análises funcionais em condições experimentais, assim como interpretações de eventos ocorridos no ambiente natural (i.e., análise funcional descritiva). Esse movimento é identificado também no terceiro nível de seleção, o nível cultural. Uma das possibilidades analíticas é oferecida pela descrição de macrocomportamentos em macrocontingências à seleção de linhagens culturo-comportamentais e produções agregadas em metacontingências. Nestas, há recorrência de contingências comportamentais entrelaçadas e seus respectivos produtos agregados [CCEsàPAs], as quais podem envolver diferentes sistemas como a família, igreja e Estado. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão mostrando a evolução de estudos de práticas culturais, com a criação de novas unidades de análise, a partir do modelo de seleção por consequências. Destaca-se que o desenvolvimento desta área conjuga observação, experimentação, com interpretações de variáveis presentes em análogos experimentais, e no ambiente natural.Palavras-chave: análise do comportamento, análise experimental do comportamento, contingência, metacontingência, macrocontingência.
Editorial
Authors: Barros Romariz Da Silva
Published: June 2019

Editorial
The Development of a Concept Model of All-Weather Safe Winter Tires
Authors: Balabin I.V. , Balabin O.I. , Chabunin I.S.
Published: June 2019

The article presents issues related to improving safety and efficiency of operation of mobile machines in the constantly changing, winter temperature and traffic conditions. The authors develop a conceptual model of winter all-weather tires able to adapt to various road conditions such as when the road is covered with a layer of ice or compacted snow, or when the road is free from snow and ice. The use of such winter all weather tires will improve the road safety by contributing to increasing the life of tires and preserving the road network. The proposed model has no foreign analogues and is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation.
An Analysis of Spatial Nonuniformity of the Flow at the Entrance Section of the Axial-Radial Impeller of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage Working on Regulation Modes
Authors: Vanyashov A.D. , Karabanova V.V.
Published: June 2019

The article presents an analysis of the experimental data on testing a centrifugal compressor stage on regulation modes by changing the rotational speed of the rotor and the turning angle of the blades in the inlet guide vane unit. The distribution of the angles of attack at the entrance section of the impeller in relation to the blade height is obtained. It is established that a significant difference in the angles of attack from the plug to the periphery influences the polytropic efficiency of the compressor stage. Recommendations are given on the improvement of the mechanism of regulation by the inlet guide vane unit and on the choice of the optimum diameter for the entrance part of the driving impeller blades.
A Neural Network Mathematical Model Design Method for Estimating Compressed Air Volume Flow through a Proportional Valve
Authors: Zelenov M.S. , Chernyshev A.V.
Published: June 2019

The article describes an approach to neural network model design for simulating processes in shut-off and control pneumatic devices. This type of model can be used for a reasoned selection of components for multi-component pneumatic system configurations. As an example, the application of the proposed approach to the development of an artificial neural network to estimate the compressed air volume flow through a proportional valve is considered. The manufacturer’s catalog is used to obtain data samples. The structure of the proposed neural network model, data preprocessing for model configuration, and the selected learning algorithm are described. A computer program for compiling train and test data samples and the subsequent neural network training is developed. The results of measurements are simulated using additional, normally distributed noise with a standard deviation of 0.02. The results obtained using two mathematical models, the neural network model and the classical one, supplemented by empirical coefficients, are compared. The maximum deviation between the two models is less than 1.5 % of the maximum volume flow rate for a particular proportional valve model.
Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolyses of Rice Bran for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Yuliani Dewi , Julianto Khoirul Achmad , Jannah Akyunul
Published: June 2019

Rice bran is one among many agricultural by-products containing ~50-60 wt.% of carbohydrate. The carbohydrate is a prominent sugar source for bioethanol production. The objective of this research was to study bioethanol production from rice bran by acid and enzymatic treatment. The variations of acid used were dilute hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, while variations of enzyme used were amylolytic and cellulolytic enzyme. Ethanol production of acid-hydrolyzed rice bran was 24.95±1.61% (v/v) by hydrochloric acid and 29.57±2.04% (v/v) by sulphuric acid. Ethanol produced by enzymatic hydrolysis was quite low i.e. 6.7±0.04%, and 8.86±0.29% (v/v) for amylolytic and cellulolytic hydrolysate, respectively.

 

Keywords: Bioethanol, rice bran, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis
Energy efficiency improvement of locomotives with energy storages
Authors: Titova Tamila , Evstafev Andrey
Published: June 2019

Objective: The development of hybrid technologies is an aspect that carries serious changes for the railway industry, its design and technological base. These changes provide the scientific and technological breakthroughs to a much greater extent than the implementation of any new projects in traditional forms. Methods: Of great interest is the solution to the problem of hybrid locomotives and related power supply interaction. In addition, there are problems of quality and reliability of the rolling stock. The relationship between the three sets of technology, as well as the problem of support quality of the latter, becomes essential for the successful implementation of hybrid locomotives with a combined power plant. Results: The primary problems of locomotive projects in question are: electric power storage, in-depth modernization of the traction drive, and implementation of an optimal motion control algorithms in different modes. Increasing energy density stored in the traction battery, while reducing vehicle mass, ensures competitive advantages of eco-friendly hybrid locomotives versus traditional. The cost of the traction battery tends to dominate over the relevant economic parameters of other components of the traction drive hybrid locomotives, therefore, projects with a high technological level are relevant, while ensuring lower total weight of the vehicle. However, in the last decade, due to the increasing importance of electronic components in the transportation industry, along with the objectives stated above, problems of management optimization of rolling stock systems and provision of an appropriate level of quality control take center stage. Issues of energy storage application in the hybrid locomotive and their advantages over the currently used energy sources are considered in the article. Practical importance: It is shown that the use of a hybrid energy storage system will significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of the locomotive.
Integrated assessment of working conditions in the construction and installation works in underground structures
Authors: Sazonova Anna
Published: June 2019

Objective: Research of employees working conditions employed on construction work in underground structures. Methods: Theoretical analysis of existing conceptual approaches for the study of working conditions, multivariate statistical treatment. Results: The construction of underground facilities and work in it are accompanied by high levels of injury, as well as general and professional diseases. This article presents the results of harmful factors research and the hygienic assessment of working conditions of employees engaged in construction work in underground facilities on the following factors: hypogeomagnetic field, aeroionic composition of the air environment, fine dust, biological factor. To assess the differential impact on the workers’ health of totality considered hazards in the workplace conducted by the integrated (total) assessment of the harmfulness of working conditions in 3 phases: 1) hygienic estimation of working conditions on the basis of special assessment of working conditions; 2) determination of the total harm in the workplace; 3) the definition of the integral evaluation of working conditions at the workplace under the influence of production factors with various hazard classes. It is established that the working conditions at workplaces during the construction and installation works in underground space according to the scale of the integrated assessment are characterized as dangerous that corresponds to the class of labour conditions 3.4 – harmful 4 degrees. Integrated assessment of working conditions is a necessary procedure for the analysis of working conditions of workers in underground structures, complementing the results of special assessment of working conditions, which is able to give an objective assessment of working conditions, taking into account the share of the harm of each existing adverse factors. Practical importance: The procedure of integral evaluation provides an opportunity to assess the differential impact on workers of the entire set considered harmful factors.
Train traffic control at suburban sections
Authors: Kotenko Alexey , Grachev Andrey , Shmanev Timofey
Published: June 2019

Objective: There is a necessity to determine an approach to the development of train traffic control theory at suburban sections, on the basis of the analysis of conventional methods of train traffic control and service situations. Methods: Simulation methods, design theory and train traffic graphing were applied in the study. Results: The possibility of developing the conventional method of commuter service organization on railroads was demonstrated by means of a new data modeling approach, underlying the system of traffic handling capacity of suburban districts. It was shown, that the basis of such a technology is a train schedule modification. It was established that the schemes on selecting schedule modification, compiled in accordance with the standard methodology, may in some cases present the solutions different from conventional. It was concluded that an unexpected result might be achieved in case of simultaneous alteration of both the initial length of suburban zones and initial number of zone trains, that is zone schedule modeling, and elements of traffic schedule within regions, assigned in accordance with its periods and called configurations. The necessity in determination and modeling of configurations was justified by practical demand in traffic volume account of different types of trains at suburban sections. The simplest example of schedule modification and capacity values response to mutual position of trains and schedule elements in configurations was introduced. Practical importance: New theoretical conclusions, obtained as a result of the analysis of suburban areas’ length modeling results, the number of zone suburban trains and their position in configurations along with freight and passenger trains, provide justification of and scientific background for efforts of creating a new methodology of train traffic control at suburban sections. Such a methodology, built on the principles of zone schedule integrated modeling and the introduced traffic schedule configurations, makes it possible to considerably increase the flexibility of commuter service organization, achieve the reduction of passenger time spent on a trip and train expectation with guaranteed execution of the fixed schedule. According to the conducted analysis, the introduced approach may have positive influence on the capacity of suburban sections as well.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF WHEEL TREAD REPROFILING PROCESS
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Kononov Dmitriy , Urushev Sergey
Published: June 2019

Object: To show the lack of wheelset operating life efficiency use in case traditional methods of wheel tread reprofiling were used in the process of repair works. To consider the possibilities of further improvement of this process on the basis of new reprofiling technologies, using the deep and high-speed grinding. Methods: The methods of wheel tread reprofiling were analyzed, the effective process solutions, based on theoretical conclusions and current practical knowledge, were studied. Results: Wheel set wastage in case of using the traditional ways of reprofiling was estimated. Preliminary parameters of wheelset reprofiling modes using high-speed grinding were estimated, providing for the increase in wheel set operational life and reprofiling performance enhancement. Practical importance: The appropriateness of rolling stock wheel tread reprofiling, by using the method of infeed high-speed profile grinding, was presented. The obtained results may be applied in the development of requirements specification for wheel tread reprofiling machine at repair facilities of the Russian Railways.
HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN POWER SEMICONDUCTOR CONVERTER INSTALLATIONS WITH EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLING
Authors: Kiselev Igor , Urushev Sergey , Ivanov Igor , Vodopyanova Yulia
Published: June 2019

Objective: To improve reliability and endurance of semiconductor devices by means of heat exchange processes optimization of installations with evaporative air cooling. Methods: Design features analysis of cooling installations was applied. Results: The structural features of “a twophase thermal siphon” for power semiconductor devices were described. Experimental research of power blocks of semiconductor converter installations with “two-phase thermal siphon” coolers was conducted. The values of maximum permissible currents upon the application of possible button-type instrument configurations with such coolers were obtained. Practical importance: Application of “two-phase thermal siphon” evaporative air coolers will make it possible to improve weight-size parameters of converter installations.
BUILDING THE SYSTEM OF TRAFFIC SAFETY CONTROL IN A RAILWAY COMPANY IN VIEW OF ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Kazanskaya Liliya , Rizakulov Sherzod
Published: June 2019

aspects, as, in the time of railway industry restructuring, the competitive freight and passenger market was formed with strategic problems of railway transport, which led to building a wasteful market model. Unsolved sector-specific issues and new threats, designated in the tasks of traffic safety control, created the risks of economic security weakening of a railway company. Methods: The methods of system and system-oriented analysis, as well as Delhi method were used. Results: The issues of traffic safety control in a railway company were considered (by the example of JSC «O’zbekiston Temir Yo’llari» («OTY»)); the necessity for determining traffic security standards was shown. The company’s data analysis made it possible to identify the strategic directions of traffic safety improvement and control function. The evaluation method of economic damage from potential failure risks, depending on the investments and working expenditures, was suggested. In accordance with the method in question, several approaches to forecasting traffic security were singled out, depending on the shifts in labour productivity and changes in the volume of investments and working expenditure. A control-flow chart of traffic safety with feedback was developed. Practical importance: The introduced organizational changes make it possible to build a new structure of traffic safety control, considering the interests of both the state and JSC “OTY.” The suggested traffic safety control-flow chart makes it possible to allocate and provide the reasonable funding of the brunch, in order to provide the required security level. The forecast may be conducted both for the network in general and for all railway districts separately. Moreover, the plans for working expenditure and investments may be optimized.
THE ANALYSIS OF POWER LOSS IN THE CATENARY SYSTEM UNDER SHUNT CAPACITIVE COMPENSATION
Authors: Sokolov Denis , Agunov Alexander
Published: June 2019

Objective: To analyze the loss of power in cable wires of the railroad alternate current catenary system both in the presence and in the absence of equalizing gear in the middle of inter-substation zone, taking into account train traffic. Methods: Passing of one train and two others following each other along the inter substation zone was considered. The comparison of power losses in cable wires of the catenary system was conducted both in the presence and in the absence of equalizing gear. The difference of losses was determined. The simulation of one train passing along the inter-substation zone was fulfilled in the environment of MATLAB-Simulink. Results: It was shown, that the average values of power losses in cable wires of the catenary system were equal with one train passing along the inter substation zone both in the presence and in the absence of equalizing gear. In case of two trains passing along the inter substation zone, following each other with equalizing gear capacity, selected by the average idle current of one train, the losses of power in cable wires of the catenary system decreased with equalizing gear installation, however, in that case, reactive power was partially compensated. The simulation of one train passing along the inter-substation zone in the environment of MATLAB-Simulink, taking into account power losses in the catenary system and railroad substations resistance, substantiates the assumptions taken in the analytical estimation. Practical importance: Despite the fact, that active development of filter compensating devices is conducted in the sphere of reactive power compensation on the railroad transport, capacitor banks are still used on alternate current railroads. The given study is aimed at the improvement of the current procedure of selecting optimum power of equalizing gears.
JUSTIFICATION OF RAIL FASTENING SELECTION FOR HEAVY HAUL RAILWAY OPERATION
Authors: Fedin Vladimir , Bortz Alexey , Ronzhina Yulia , Dudkin Yevgeniy , Andreeva Ludmila
Published: June 2019

Objective: To improve track maintenance, which includes the reduction of damageability and life endurance improvement of ferroconcrete rail sleepers in maintenance, elimination of factors of increased dynamic impact on sub rail support, rail fastening design for heavy haul operation, which provides for traffic safety and improvement of economic performance indicators under increased mechanical loading conditions, taking into account severe weather conditions (freeze and thaw). Methods: Service damage analysis, laboratory and benchmark tests of individual track elements and in the assembled condition. Results: Operation rate and axial load increase demands improved durability of the applied track structure components under complete passenger transportation safety control. In this case economic efficiency of the applied components is a significant factor. The research results and technical solutions, having a common purpose – to improve track maintenance under the conditions of heavy haul operation were presented in the study. The measures on elimination of factors of increased dynamic impact on sub rail support were suggested in the study: 1) application of more reliable in operation bonded-bolted joints and metal-polymer bars instead of composite ones; 2) the use of higher quality rail induction welding. The improved rail fastening design was developed for rapid curves and heavy haul operation, leading to significant increase of service life of both metal parts, due to heat strengthening of the latter, and the fastening as a whole. Practical importance: The results of the conducted research make it possible to minimize the cases of destruction of ferroconcrete sleepers and solve the issues of qualitative improvement of rail fastening components.
OPERATING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS AND DEVICES OF TRAIN PROPULSIVE SYSTEMS AUTOMATION BY MEANS OF COMPUTER SIMULATION
Authors: Agunov Alexander , Sokolov Denis
Published: June 2019

Objective: The necessity to conduct the analysis of operating performance of elements and devices aimed at synthesis of automatic control systems managing different objects of train propulsive systems. Methods: Simulation modeling and computer simulation was applied. Results: An illustration of transient simulation of a nonlinear automatic control system in a flowchart of the train propulsive system was provided. Practical importance: It was shown, that computer simulation makes it possible to simulate control system’s behavior in different modes, and, consequently, provide the elaboration of balanced solutions in situations which are too complex for a simple cause-and-effect assessment of alternatives.
Non-Profit Nature of Associations (Vereniging)
Authors: Paula Paula
Published: June 2019

Association (vereniging) is regulated briefly by Indonesia civil code and Stb. 1870 No. 64. There are no restriction on the purpose of establishing an association, other than by law, public order and morality. The purpose of association, which is not to seek profit, or often referred to as a nonprofit goal, is obtained from doctrine. However, there is no common understanding among law experts and practitioners regarding the notion of non profit goal and its implications. On the other hand, the role of associations in society is increasing significantly. The purpose of an association determines the scope of its activity and its governance. Therefore, this research aims to find the purpose and activities of association. This research is a doctrinal research using statue, conceptual, historical, and comparative approach. The result of this research is the term of ‘not to seek profit’ or ‘non-profit’ goal of association should be understood as the purpose other than obtaining profit for - and therefore distributing it to-its members. Associations can engage in profit-making activities as long as it complies with certain restrictions.