bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice makes ‘perfect’? The effect of committee specialization on the complexity of parliamentary speeches
Authors: Vodová Petra , Voda Petr
Published: August 2024

The complexity of parliamentary speeches is usually interpreted as an MP’s electoral strategy. We take the prism of parliamentary specialization and connect it to the use of issue-specific jargon learned during parliamentary work. We expect that membership in a parliamentary committee and increased experience within it increases the complexity of an MP’s speech about committee-related issues, and that the effect of the work in the committee is stronger for MPs without a previous committee-related professional background. We test our expectations on almost 54,000 speeches in the Czech Chamber of Deputies (2006–2021), using the Flesch Reading Ease formula adapted for the Czech language. The novel dataset connects parliamentary speeches to personal information about the MPs and to responsible committees. The results show the expected effect of committee membership and committee experience, and the interaction effect of a professional background.
Mucilage secretion from the root cap requires the NAC family transcription factor BEARSKIN2
Authors: Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Pengfei , Goh Tatsuaki , Nakajima Keiji , Kang Byung-Ho
Published: August 2024

The root cap secretes mucilage and sheds border cells (border-like cells, BLCs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These mucilage and root cap-derived cells form a defensive barrier against soil pathogens. BEARSKIN1 (BRN1) and BRN2 are 2 homologous NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) family transcription factors of Arabidopsis, and mucilage secretion is inhibited in the brn1/2 double mutant. BRN1 and BRN2 are also involved in the expression of a pectin-digesting enzyme, POLYGALACTURONASE (RCPG), that facilitates BLC shedding. To further explore the connection between mucilage secretion and BLC shedding, we examined mucilage production in Arabidopsis lines displaying altered BLC detachment. Inactivation of BRN2 blocked mucilage synthesis and secretion, while inactivation of BRN1 and RCPG did not. Interestingly, RCPG sorted into mucilage-carrying vesicles budding from the Golgi and inhibited mucilage secretion in brn2-delayed BLC detachment. The root cap of a germinating seedling is initially covered with a cuticle, which is replaced by mucilage from BLCs as the seedling begins to shed these cells. Ectopic expression of RCPG in germinating seedlings caused early BLC formation and accelerated the cuticle-to-mucilage transition, indicating that RCPG expression and mucilage secretion are co-regulated. Furthermore, brn2 roots exhibited slower growth and increased cell death when subjected to salt or osmotic stress. Our research suggests that BRN2-mediated mucilage secretion contributes to BLC release to build an extracellular defense zone surrounding the root cap.
A mixed-methods study of the impact of sex and situational pain catastrophizing on pain sensitivity
Authors: Chen Yun-Yun K , Wilson Jenna M , Flowers K Mikayla , Colebaugh Carin A , Franqueiro Angelina R , Lirk Philipp , Vlassakov Kamen , Schreiber Kristin L
Published: August 2024

Background

It is well established that catastrophic thinking about pain modulates clinical pain severity, but it may also relate to interindividual differences in the pain experience during procedures. This mixed-methods study investigated the relationship between ratings of situational pain catastrophizing and reported pain sensitivity in the context of receiving a nerve block without sedation, and explored participants’ experiences.

Methods

Healthy volunteers (n = 42) completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires, underwent quantitative sensory testing, and received a lower extremity nerve block, followed by further psychosocial assessment and interviews. Associations of catastrophizing scores with pain sensitivity and procedural site pain were assessed using Spearman correlations. Interviews were reviewed using an immersion/crystallization approach to identify emergent themes.

Results

Greater situational catastrophizing scores were associated with higher pain sensitivity, measured as lower pain threshold and tolerance. Although females exhibited greater pain sensitivity generally, moderation analysis revealed a significant association between situational catastrophizing scores and pain sensitivity only among male participants. Qualitative interviews revealed the importance of participants’ emotional responses to pain, and a mismatch of expectation and experience with procedural pain. Males also reported more negative comments about procedural pain.

Conclusions

Examination of the variable subjective experience while receiving a nerve block in this experimental lab-based study revealed an important relationship between situational pain catastrophizing scores and pain sensitivity, which was more prominent among male participants. These findings reinforce how insight into individual expectations, emotions, and thought processes may impact pain sensitivity during procedures, and may inform strategies to personalize care, improving patient satisfaction and procedural acceptance.
Words not deeds: the weak culture of evidence in the Canadian policy style
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Michael , Howlett Alexander
Published: August 2024

The Canadian policy style has been described as one of overpromising and underdelivering, where heightened expectations are often met by underwhelming outcomes. Here, we examine the evidentiary style of Canadian policy-making which undergirds and reflects this policy style, particularly the nature of the policy advisory system that contributes to this pattern of policy-making. We do so by assessing how the different components of the advice system, which include academics, consultants, and policy professionals within the public service, are structured and relate to each other within the overall dynamics of information management and policy formulation in the governments of Canada. Using examples from recent efforts to revitalize Canadian government, the paper argues that the federal government in particular shows a pattern of the predominance of non-innovative academic “super-users,” distributed policy shops, and process-oriented analysts and consultants who combine with attributes of federalism and partisan budgetary politics to drive a distinctively fragmented and procedurally-oriented federal policy-making process. In these processes, evidence is often secondary to political posturing and short-term electioneering in program creation and execution, contributing greatly to the national policy style set out above.
Is strict finitism arbitrary?
Authors: Maia Nuno
Published: August 2024

Strict finitism posits a largest natural number. The view is usually thought to be objectionably arbitrary. After all, there seems to be no apparent reason as to why the natural numbers should ‘stop’ at a specific point and not a bit later on the natural line. Drawing on how arguments from arbitrariness are employed in mereology, I propose several ways of understanding this objection against strict finitism. No matter how it is understood, I argue that it is always found wanting.
Who gets the grant? A persona-based investigation into research funding panelist preferences
Authors: Santos João M
Published: August 2024

The allocation of scientific funding through grant programs is crucial for research advancement. While independent peer panels typically handle evaluations, their decisions can lean on personal preferences that go beyond the stated criteria, leading to inconsistencies and potential biases. Given these concerns, our study employs a novel method, using simulated, data-driven, and narrative personas of fictional candidates, to identify the attributes that significantly influence panelist choices and profile what an optimal candidate would look like. Our findings reveal a preference for mid-career, multidisciplinary researchers with significant publications, citations, and prior project experience. Such optimal candidates also lean toward applied science, collaborative research, interactions with both industry and the public, and a progressive stance on science. Contrary to existing literature, this study found indications of a bias toward female candidates, which we interpret as a result of deliberate correction caused by awareness of existing biases in academia. Age emerged as another influential factor, suggesting either a preference for younger researchers or a perception of waning productivity among seasoned academics. Consistency in a candidate’s profile, rather than standout attributes, was also favored by panelists.
A secukinumab dose-escalation study in patients with ankylosing spondylitis not achieving inactive disease after 16 weeks of treatment
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Kivitz Alan J , Magrey Marina , Walsh Jessica A , Mease Philip J , Greenwald Maria , Kianifard Farid , Elam Chelsea , Bommidi Gopi M , Winseck Adam , Gensler Lianne S
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the clinical response at week 52 in patients with AS who received secukinumab 300 vs 150 mg after inadequate response to 150 mg at week 16.

Methods

ASLeap (NCT03350815) was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 4 trial. After 16 weeks of open-label secukinumab 150 mg (Treatment Period 1), patients who did not achieve inactive disease [AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) <1.3] at both week 12 and 16 were considered to have an inadequate response and were randomized 1:1 to receive secukinumab 300 or 150 mg every 4 weeks until week 52 (Treatment Period 2). The primary efficacy variable was achievement of ASDAS <1.3 at week 52 using week 16 as baseline. Safety was evaluated by the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) through week 52.

Results

Of 322 patients treated with secukinumab in Treatment Period 1, 207 (64.3%) had inadequate response. Similar proportions of patients with inadequate response randomized to secukinumab 300 mg (n = 101) and 150 mg (n = 105) in Treatment Period 2 completed the study (83.8% and 84.3%, respectively). At week 52, 8.8% and 6.7% of patients receiving secukinumab 300 and 150 mg, respectively, achieved ASDAS <1.3. The incidence of TEAEs was similar in both groups through week 52. No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusion

Patients with AS who did not achieve ASDAS <1.3 after receiving secukinumab 150 mg for 16 weeks experienced similar clinical response and safety through week 52 regardless of dose escalation.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03350815.
Understanding the Psychosis Spectrum Using a Hierarchical Model of Social Cognition
Authors: Williams Trevor F , Pinkham Amy E , Mittal Vijay A
Published: August 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Social cognitive impairments are central to psychosis, including lower severity psychosis-like experiences (PLEs). Nonetheless, progress has been hindered by social cognition’s poorly defined factor structure, as well as limited work examining the specificity of social cognitive impairment to psychosis. The present study examined how PLEs relate to social cognition in the context of other psychopathology dimensions, using a hierarchical factors approach to social cognition.

Study Design

Online community participants (N = 1026) completed psychosis, autism, and personality disorder questionnaires, as well as 3 social cognitive tasks that varied in methodology (vignette vs video) and construct (higher- vs lower-level social cognition). Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to model social cognition, with the best models being examined in association with PLEs and psychopathology dimensions.

Study Results

EFA and CFA supported a hierarchical model of social cognition, with 2 higher-order factors emerging: verbal/vignette task methodology and a multimethod general social cognition factor. These higher-order factors accounted for task-level associations to psychopathology, with relations to positive symptoms (r = .23) and antagonism (r = .28). After controlling for other psychopathology, positive symptoms were most clearly related to tasks with verbal methodology (β = −0.34).

Conclusions

These results suggest that broad social cognitive processes and method effects may account for many previous findings in psychosis and psychopathology research. Additionally, accounting for broad social cognitive impairment may yield insights into more specific social cognitive processes as well.
Motherhood and Employment in China: Gender Asymmetries in Multi-Generational Families
Authors: Yu Jia , Cheng Cheng
Published: August 2024

Prior studies have shown a negative effect of motherhood on women’s post-maternal employment, yet few have examined how the motherhood employment penalty may vary by living arrangements. Using data from the 2010–2018 waves of the China Family Panel Studies, we applied fixed-effects linear probability models to examine the effects of the number and age of children on the employment status of Chinese women and how multi-generational living arrangements moderate these effects. The results show that motherhood significantly reduces women’s likelihood of labor force participation. A woman’s coresidence with her natal mother significantly mitigates the motherhood employment penalty, especially in urban China. In contrast, coresidence with only her father or father-in-law does not reduce the penalty. These findings indicate that there is a gendered intergenerational division of labor in Chinese extended families and highlight the importance of considering gender asymmetries in multi-generational relations in understanding mothers’ labor market decisions.
Detection of residual pluripotent stem cells in cell therapy products utilizing droplet digital PCR: an international multisite evaluation study
Authors: Yasuda Satoshi , Bando Kiyoko , Henry Marianne P , Libertini Silvana , Watanabe Takeshi , Bando Hiroto , Chen Connie , Fujimori Koki , Harada Kosuke , Kuroda Takuya , Lemmens Myriam , Marginean Dragos , Moss David , Pereira Mouriès Lucilia , Nicholas Nicole S , Smart Matthew J K , Terai Orie , Sato Yoji
Published: August 2024

The presence of residual undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in PSC-derived cell therapy products (CTPs) is a major safety issue for their clinical application, due to the potential risk of PSC-derived tumor formation. An international multidisciplinary multisite study to evaluate a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) approach to detect residual undifferentiated PSCs in PSC-derived CTPs was conducted as part of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-TRAcking, Circulation & Safety Technical Committee. To evaluate the use of ddPCR in quantifying residual iPSCs in a cell sample, different quantities of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were spiked into a background of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) to mimic different concentrations of residual iPSCs. A one step reverse transcription ddPCR (RT-ddPCR) was performed to measure mRNA levels of several iPSC-specific markers and to evaluate the assay performance (precision, sensitivity, and specificity) between and within laboratories. The RT-ddPCR assay variability was initially assessed by measuring the same RNA samples across all participating facilities. Subsequently, each facility independently conducted the entire process, incorporating the spiking step, to discern the parameters influencing potential variability. Our results show that a RT-ddPCR assay targeting ESRG, LINC00678, and LIN28A genes offers a highly sensitive and robust detection of impurities of iPSC-derived CMs and that the main contribution to variability between laboratories is the iPSC-spiking procedure, and not the RT-ddPCR. The RT-ddPCR assay would be generally applicable for tumorigenicity evaluation of PSC-derived CTPs with appropriate marker genes suitable for each CTP.
Sodium butyrate prevents cytokine‐induced β‐cell dysfunction through restoration of stromal interaction molecule 1 expression and activation of store‐operated calcium entry
Authors: Lee Chih‐Chun , Kono Tatsuyoshi , Syed Farooq , Weaver Staci A. , Sohn Paul , Wu Wenting , Chang Garrick , Liu Jing , Slak Rupnik Marjan , Evans‐Molina Carmella
Published: August 2024

Sodium butyrate (NaB) improves β‐cell function in preclinical models of diabetes; however, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of NaB on β‐cell function and calcium (Ca2+) signaling using ex vivo and in vitro models of diabetes. Our results show that NaB significantly improved glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in islets from human organ donors with type 2 diabetes and in cytokine‐treated INS‐1 β cells. Consistently, NaB improved glucose‐stimulated Ca2+ oscillations in mouse islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines. Because the oscillatory phenotype of Ca2+ in the β cell is governed by changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels, we explored the relationship between NaB and store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE), a rescue mechanism that acts to refill ER Ca2+ levels through STIM1‐mediated gating of plasmalemmal Orai channels. We found that NaB treatment preserved basal ER Ca2+ levels and restored SOCE in IL‐1β‐treated INS‐1 cells. Furthermore, we linked these changes with the restoration of STIM1 levels in cytokine‐treated INS‐1 cells and mouse islets, and we found that NaB treatment was sufficient to prevent β‐cell death in response to IL‐1β treatment. Mechanistic experiments revealed that NaB mediated these beneficial effects in the β‐cell through histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, iNOS suppression, and modulation of AKT‐GSK‐3 signaling. Taken together, these data support a model whereby NaB treatment promotes β‐cell function and Ca2+ homeostasis under proinflammatory conditions through pleiotropic effects that are linked with maintenance of SOCE. These results also suggest a relationship between β‐cell SOCE and gut microbiome‐derived butyrate that may be relevant in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
The Surgery of Celsus’ De Medicina
Authors: Blatchford James W.
Published: August 2024

Celsus’ De Medicina (first century ce) is the first comprehensive treatise on medicine and surgery to survive from antiquity. Bridging the gap between the Hippocratic Corpus and the works of Galen, it documents the important advances in anatomy and surgery of the Alexandrian school during the Hellenistic era. De Medicina contains an anatomically based system of surgery and strikingly modern concepts of wound management, as well as the first accounts of hemostasis by ligature, per primam healing of wounds, amputation, and complex, elective operations, including lithotomy and inguinal herniotomy. The possibility (and desirability) of per primam healing, thereby permitting elective surgical procedures, was ignored until rediscovered in the 19th century; its recognition by Celsus prompts a re-evaluation of the excellence of ancient surgery.
Pathological complete response achieved with FLOT chemotherapy in two patients with MSI-H esophagogastric junction and gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cosso Federica , Lavacchi Daniele , Messerini Luca , Briganti Vittorio , Castiglione Francesca , Brugia Marco , Berti Valentina , Fancelli Sara , Cianchi Fabio , Vannini Agnese , Pillozzi Serena , Antonuzzo Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

Globally, more than 1 million new cases of gastric cancer were estimated in 2020, ranking fourth in cancer mortality. Currently although in resectable gastric cancer and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma a perioperative triplet chemotherapy regimen including a fluoropyrimidine, a platinum compound and docetaxel (FLOT) demonstrated a better overall survival, the survival rate is still very low, and a massive effort is still required to improve clinical prognosis. High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) status in gastric cancer is a favorable prognostic factor but poor data are available on its predictive role for perioperative FLOT chemotherapy in resectable gastric cancer. Here, we presented the case of two patients with advanced MSI-H gastric cancer/EGJ adenocarcinoma who had no residual tumor following neoadjuvant FLOT chemotherapy maintaining a complete response for more than 30 months, suggesting MSI-H status to be a positive prognostic marker also in patients treated with a taxane-containing triplet in this setting. We also discuss the future perspectives including the opportunity to achieve excellent clinical outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens.
Effect of Early Versus Delayed Tracheostomy Strategy on Functional Outcome of Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Giannakoulis Vassilis G. , Psychogios Georgios , Routsi Christina , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Siempos Ilias I.
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Optimal timing of tracheostomy in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unknown due to lack of clinical trials. We emulated a target trial to estimate the effect of early vs. delayed tracheostomy strategy on functional outcome of patients with severe TBI.

DESIGN:

Target trial emulation using 1:1 balanced risk-set matching.

SETTING:

North American hospitals participating in the TBI Hypertonic Saline randomized controlled trial of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium.

PATIENTS:

The prematching population consisted of patients with TBI and admission Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 8, who were alive and on mechanical ventilation on the fourth day following trial enrollment, and stayed in the ICU for at least 5 days. Patients with absolute indication for tracheostomy and patients who died during the first 28 days with a decision to withdraw care were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS:

We matched patients who received tracheostomy at a certain timepoint (early group) with patients who had not received tracheostomy at the same timepoint but were at-risk of tracheostomy in the future (delayed group). The primary outcome was a poor 6-month functional outcome, defined as Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended less than or equal to 4.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Out of 1282 patients available for analysis, 275 comprised the prematching population, with 75 pairs being created postmatching. Median time of tracheostomy differed significantly in the early vs. the delayed group (7.0 d [6.0–10.0 d] vs. 12.0 d [9.8–18.3 d]; p < 0.001). Only 40% of patients in the delayed group received tracheostomy. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding poor 6-month functional outcome (early: 68.0% vs. delayed: 72.0%; p = 0.593).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a target trial emulation, early as opposed to delayed tracheostomy strategy was not associated with differences in 6-month functional outcome following severe TBI. Considering the limitations of target trial emulations, delaying tracheostomy through a “watchful waiting” approach may be appropriate.
Methods for Extending Inferences From Observational Studies: Considering Causal Structures, Identification Assumptions, and Estimators
Authors: Hayes-Larson Eleanor , Zhou Yixuan , Rojas-Saunero L. Paloma , Shaw Crystal , Seamans Marissa J. , Glymour M. Maria , Murchland Audrey R. , Westreich Daniel , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose
Published: August 2024

Most prior work in quantitative approaches to generalizability and transportability emphasizes extending causal effect estimates from randomized trials to target populations. Extending findings from observational studies is also of scientific interest, and identifiability assumptions and estimation methods differ from randomized settings when there is selection on both the exposure and exposure–outcome mediators in combination with exposure–outcome confounders (and both confounders and mediators can modify exposure–outcome effects). We argue that this causal structure is common in observational studies, particularly in the field of life course epidemiology, for example, when extending estimates of the effect of an early-life exposure on a later-life outcome from a cohort enrolled in midlife or late life. We describe identifiability assumptions and identification using observed data in such settings, highlighting differences from work extending findings from randomized trials. We describe statistical methods, including weighting, outcome modeling, and doubly robust approaches, to estimate potential outcome means and average treatment effects in the target population and illustrate performance of the methods in a simulation study. We show that in the presence of selection into the study sample on both exposure and confounders, estimators must be able to address confounding in the target population. When there is also selection on mediators of the exposure–outcome relationship, estimators need to be able to use different sets of variables to account for selection (including the mediator), and confounding. We discuss conceptual implications of our results as well as highlight unresolved practical questions for applied work to extend findings from observational studies to target populations.
Composite Sling: A Strategy for Enhancing Inferolateral Support in Mastopexy with Implant
Authors: Hubaide Marcus , Ono Marcelo T. , Barazzetti Daniel O. , Karner Bruno M.
Published: August 2024

Augmentation mastopexy has attracted the attention of numerous authors seeking to improve surgical outcomes and ensure breast implant stability. The utilization of the dual plane technique with a lateral sling, pioneered by Ono and Karner, has demonstrated effectiveness in providing long-term implant support. However, challenges arise in cases of anatomical variations, such as a short pectoralis major (PM) muscle or chest, necessitating alternative approaches like the composite sling. This study presents a technique designed to elongate and broaden the lateral sling to enhance implant support. The composite sling incorporates components from the abdominal part of the PM muscle, the aponeurotic/muscular part of the external oblique muscle, and the cranial part of the rectus abdominis. Procedures were performed on 29 patients using the composite sling technique from July 2022 to October 2023. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months (average of 11.89 months). The lateral sling approach was successfully extended to cases with a short PM muscle or chest, previously managed using the dual plane technique without inferolateral support. No increase in complications or implant displacements was observed compared with the original lateral sling approach. However, four reoperations addressed issues such as dog ears, scarring, and minor asymmetries. Consistent results were observed throughout the follow-up period, particularly in maintaining upper pole fullness and preventing lower pole ptosis. The composite sling approach provides a viable solution for cases where the original sling technique is impractical. Its implementation could broaden surgical options and optimize results, particularly in cases of unfavorable anatomy.
Effect of Acupressure on Menopausal Symptoms and Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Can Ahu Aksoy , Yilmaz Duygu Vefikuluçay
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental trial with the aim of determining the effect of acupressure on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in postmenopausal women, as well as the correlation between the two. This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted between May and November 2021 with women coming to a Menopause School in Turkey. A Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Menopause Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Short Form were used to collect data. The study was performed with 61 patients in an acupressure group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 31). Acupressure was performed on the acupressure group in 30-minute sessions 3 times a week for 4 weeks, a total of 12 sessions. No intervention was performed on the control group. When the groups were compared, it was seen that the menopause symptom scores of the acupressure group were lower than those of the control group, and that their quality of life scores in the bodily and psychological areas were higher (P < .05). When within group comparisons were considered, it was seen that menopause symptoms declined over time in the acupressure group, and the scores of all dimensions of quality of life increased (P < .05). It was found that acupressure applied to women during menopause may reduce menopause symptoms and may improve their quality of life.
ADMINISTERING INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Wu Pei-Liang , Shih Chia-Pang , Huang Yu-Shu , Chen Hung-Chi , Hsueh Yi-Jen , Lee Chia-Wen , Chiang Ming-Chou , Lien Reyin , Lee Chien-Chung , Chu Shih-Ming , Chou Hung-Da , Liu Laura , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Determine whether intravitreal injection of bevacizumab exerts long-term effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) when reaching the age of 8 years.

Methods:

In total, 277 children were enrolled. Patients were stratified into full-term, preterm without ROP, ROP without treatment, or ROP with treatment groups, based on gestational age and ROP status. Children under the gestational age of 37 weeks were considered premature. Patients' cognitive outcomes were evaluated using a full-scale intelligence quotient (full score and percentile) generated by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition every 1 year to 2 years.

Results:

At the mean age of 7.8 years, ROP without and with treatment groups demonstrated lower full-scale intelligence quotient scores and percentiles, compared with full-term and premature groups (both P < 0.05). Full-scale intelligence quotient scores and percentiles did not significantly differ between patients who received different treatments for ROP (full score P = 0.19; percentile P = 0.37). After adjusting for gestational age, logMAR best-corrected visual acuity was negatively associated with full-scale intelligence quotient scores (P = 0.0008) and percentiles (P = 0.0002).

Conclusion:

At the mean age of 8 years, patients with ROP undergoing injection of bevacizumab did not exhibit worse cognitive outcomes than those who underwent laser photocoagulation or both treatments. Gestational age and best-corrected visual acuity correlated with cognitive development in children.
Smartphone Augmented En-Face Guided Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A 3D Ngenuity Tool For Customized Treatment
Authors: Carlà Matteo Mario , Scampoli Alessandra , Governatori Lorenzo , Grieco Giulia , Caporossi Tomaso
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

We aimed to introduce a novel visualization technique of en-face scans during epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling, by using the in-built picture-in-picture (PIP) modality of the Alcon Ngenuity 3D System, connected to a smartphone.

Methods:

Prospective mono-centric interventional analysis on 20 patients undergoing vitrectomy and peeling for idiopathic ERMs. RTVue XR Avanti device was used perform a 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). En-face image from a custom slab from 9 μm upon the internal limiting membrane (ILM) to 30 μm below the ILM was taken and 180° flipped. The smartphone was connected to the Alcon 3D Ngenuity display using an HDMI-to-USB cable and the picture-in-picture modality of the display was chosen in the software menu. ERM peeling was performed without dye stain starting from black linear structures on the en-face, indicating area of weaker adhesion to the ERM and could be used as cleavage point for membrane removal using vitreal forceps.

Results:

We reported successful peeling initiation and flap lift at the first forceps’ grasp in all cases (100%). After ERM peeling, dual blue staining highlighted ILM remnants in 15 cases (75%) and peeling was completed. Total surgical time, including cable connections and projection to the display, was 41.6±9.2 minutes. Intraoperative total peeling time was 11.1±2.6 minutes. Central macular thickness significantly reduced 1 month after surgery (p=0.01).

Conclusion:

In summary, this is a cheap and easily reproducible surgical technique to optimize ERM management, offering an intraoperative guide for peeling initiation and minimizing un-necessary surgical maneuvers.
Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biological Marker for Welders’ Pneumoconiosis
Authors: El-Sherif Ghada Hossam El-Din , El-Shafy Wessam Sabry Abd , Mohammed AbdEl-Samie Aiesha Ashraf
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and welders’ pneumoconiosis, through chest x-ray and serum NSE.

Methods

The exposed group included 37 welders. The nonexposed group included 38 administrative workers. Both groups underwent history taking, clinical examination, chest x-ray, serum chromium, and serum neuron-specific enolase. Air sampling was done for total suspended particles, respirable particles, and welding fumes.

Results

All the air samples were within the national threshold limit values. Chest x-ray abnormalities were found in eight welders (21.6%), and included reticular opacities, scattered nodules or ground-glass opacities. Serum chromium and NSE were significantly higher among welders. Serum NSE correlated positively with the duration of exposure and serum chromium level among welders.

Conclusions

Serum NSE can be used as a biomarker for early detection of welders’ pneumoconiosis.
Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Patients With Sporadic Inner Ear Schwannomas With and Without Simultaneous Tumor Resection
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Staricha Kelly , Neff Brian A. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Describe a single institution's cochlear implant outcomes for patients with inner ear schwannomas (IES) in the setting of various tumor management strategies (observation, surgical resection, or stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]).

Study Design

Single-institution retrospective review.

Patients

Patients diagnosed with isolated, sporadic IES who underwent cochlear implantation (CI).

Interventions

CI with or without IES treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

Speech perception outcomes, tumor status.

Results

Twelve patients with IES underwent CI with a median audiologic and radiologic follow-up of 12 months. Six patients underwent complete resection of the tumor at the time of CI, four underwent tumor observation, and two underwent SRS before CI. At 1 year after CI for all patients, the median consonant–nucleus–consonant (CNC) word score was 55% (interquartile range, 44–73%), and the median AzBio sentence in quiet score was 77% (interquartile range, 68–93%). Overall, those with surgical resection performed similarly to those with tumor observation (CNC 58 versus 61%; AzBio in quiet 74 versus 91%, respectively). Patients who underwent tumor resection before implantation had a wider range of speech performance outcomes compared with patients who underwent tumor observation. Two patients had SRS treatment before CI (10 months previous and same-day as CI) with CNC word scores of 6 and 40%, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with IES who underwent CI demonstrated similar speech performance outcomes (CNC 56% and AzBio 82%), when compared with the general cochlear implant population. Patients who underwent either tumor observation or surgical resection performed well after CI.
Use of Speech-to-Text Translation Resources to Address Communication Barriers in Patients With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferraro Tatiana , Samaha Nadia L. , Tannan Utkarsh , Sookram Sebastian , Wong Kevin , Hwa Tiffany Peng
Published: August 2024

Objective

Patients with concomitant limited English proficiency (LEP) and hearing loss may experience communication barriers, not fully mitigated by traditional interpreter services. Although there is no clear consensus on the most reliable and optimal resources for these patients, speech-to-text (STT) applications with translation capability may bridge these barriers. We review the existing literature applying STT translation programs in clinical settings and identify commercially available STT translation resources to evaluate their prospective application in the otology setting.

Databases Reviewed

PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science.

Methods

A systematic review of English language peer-reviewed literature was conducted, examining STT translation in clinical settings. An additional search identifying STT software with translation capabilities was completed.

Results

Seven out of 591 unique citations met the inclusion criteria, and 29 unique STT translation applications were identified, supporting up to 140 languages. Stakeholders endorse positive perceptions of STT translation programs. Facilitators to implementation included time and cost feasibility, whereas barriers included risk of mistranslation and inability to assess accuracy. Ongoing machine-learning efforts are underway for developing and improving STT translation technologies, but there is paucity of literature evaluating their application in patients with hearing loss.

Conclusions

Small studies have suggested an acceptable level of accuracy for STT translation programs as adjunctive to standard of care services. Further work should proactively address implementation challenges with special attention to use of these technologies for patients with concomitant LEP and HL, while supporting additional technological advancement for application of these technologies in otology practice.
The evaluation of the short-term and long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy on ECG parameters
Authors: Uyar Seyit , Kök Mehmet , Ayan Ayşe , Coşkuner Muhammet Ali , Köker Gökhan , Koca Nizameddin
Published: August 2024

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was widely administered despite limited data on its safety and efficacy. This study assesses the acute and chronic impacts of HCQ on electrocardiography (ECG) parameters alongside the effects of azithromycin and levofloxacin coadministration in patients with COVID-19. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 109 COVID-19 patients receiving HCQ, with or without Azithromycin and/or Levofloxacin, and 51 long-term HCQ-treated Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) patients. ECG parameters, including QTc interval, were meticulously evaluated against a control group of 109 COVID-19 patients without HCQ treatment. HCQ monotherapy, in combination with Levofloxacin, significantly prolonged the QTc interval in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Notably, the combination of HCQ and Azithromycin demonstrated a mitigated impact on QTc prolongation. Long-term HCQ use in SS patients did not significantly affect QTc intervals, illustrating a distinct safety profile from short-term use in COVID-19 treatment. HCQ’s impact on QTc prolongation is influenced by therapeutic context, coadministered drugs, and patient demographics. The findings underscore the necessity of cautious HCQ use, particularly in acute settings like COVID-19, where monitoring and consideration of drug interactions and patient-specific factors are critical.
Isolated short stature as the only presenting symptom of glycogen storage disease type 0a in a Chinese child: A case report
Authors: Fu Hao , Yang Aoyu , Du Caiqi , Liang Yan
Published: August 2024

Rationale:

Glycogen storage disease type 0a (GSD0a) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by glycogen synthase deficiency. Short stature is a characteristic feature in 29% of GSD0a patients, but isolated short stature as the only presenting symptom is exceedingly rare, with only 2 cases reported worldwide.

Patient concerns:

A 4-year-old girl presented with persistent growth retardation despite previous treatment for renal tubular acidosis.

Diagnoses:

Based on clinical presentation and whole exome sequencing results, the patient was diagnosed with GSD0a.

Interventions:

Uncooked cornstarch therapy was initiated at 2 g/kg every 6 hours.

Outcomes:

After 3 years of treatment, the patient’s height SDS improved from −2.24 to −1.06, with enhanced glycemic control and no complications.

Lessons:

This case emphasizes considering GSD0a in unexplained short stature and the value of continuous glucose monitoring. Early diagnosis and treatment can optimize growth in GSD0a patients.
Relationship between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Li Juan , Ding Min , Qiu Fengping , Zhao Qi , Lu Hulin , Ren Lingyan , Shi Zhanqin
Published: August 2024

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Cf-PWV) can well predict the prognosis of the general population. However, whether Cf-PWV can be used as a prognostic indicator in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients remains mysterious. The present study endeavored to explore the prognostic value of Cf-PWV among the MHD population. Patients who received MHD and underwent Cf-PWV examination at the hemodialysis center of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital between March 1, 2017 and October 15, 2019 were enrolled. Relevant clinical data were collected from these patients, who were subsequently followed up for a minimum of 1 year. During the follow-up period, the occurrence of all-cause death was recorded as a prognostic indicator. Based on the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria 178 patients were included in the final analysis. These patients were categorized into 2 groups based on Cf-PWV values: group 1 (Cf-PWV < 13.8 m/s), and group 2 (Cf-PWV ≥ 13.8 m/s). Thirty-four patients succumbed to their conditions within a median follow-up period of 23.3 months. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the median survival time of group 2 was significantly shorter than group 1 (log-rank test, χ
2 = 12.413, P < .001). After adjusting for various factors, including age, cardiovascular disease, peripheral arterial diastolic pressure, central arterial diastolic pressure, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, left ventricular ejection fraction, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, C-reactive protein and serum phosphorus, it was found that Cf-PWV ≥ 13.8m/s was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in MHD patients (relative risk = 3.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–7.57; P = .017). A high level of Cf-PWV (≥13.8 m/s) is an independent risk factor for all-cause death in MHD patients.
Incidence of acute transfusion reactions and associated factors among adult blood-transfused patients at Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadasa Edosa , Adissu Wondimagegn , Bekele Misgana , Arega Gebeyaw , Gedefaw Lealem
Published: August 2024

Acute transfusion reaction is mainly related to the infusion of blood or blood products resulting at any time within a day of the intervention. It ranges from a non‐specific febrile episode to a life-threatening intravascular hemolysis. The severity of the reaction and the degree of morbidity are usually related to the degree of ABO incompatibility and the volume of blood transfused. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of acute transfusion reactions and its associated factors in Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 October to December 30, 2020. A total of 384 transfused patients were followed in this study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Baseline measurement and 24-hour periodic vital signs monitoring were conducted after each transfusion. Four milliliters of venous blood were drawn after transfusion intervention from each distrusted patient for complete blood count, blood group phenotype, direct antihuman globulin test (DAT), and crossmatching. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science software (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics, and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed to test the association between independent and dependent variables. A P value ≤ .05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Acute transfusion reactions were diagnosed in 5.7% of patients, with most of these reactions were febrile nonhemolytic reactions (63.6%) followed by allergic (36.4%) reactions with mild clinical manifestations (27.3%). Transfusion history, transfused blood that was kept for more than 13 days, abortion history, and number of transfused units (≥3 units of blood/blood component) have 3.3, 3.85, 4.2, and 3.9 times greater odds, respectively, besides their significant association with the incidence of acute transfusion reactions. Patients with a history of previous transfusion, abortion, multi-unit transfusion, and patients transfused with blood stored for ≥14 days should be closely monitored. Starting a hemovigilance system of monitoring, collecting, and evaluating data on adverse effects of blood transfusion locally and nationally will decrease the occurrence of acute transfusion reactions.
A case report of high cervical spinal infarction after stenting with severe stenosis at the beginning of left vertebral artery
Authors: Cheng Wen , Wu Jiangbin , Yang Quanlong , Yuan Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Background:

Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon nervous system disorder. We present a case of high cervical cord infarction caused by stenting of the origin of the left vertebral artery (VA). The incidence of spinal cord infarction is minimal, and it must be distinguished from a number of other disorders. The diagnosis is primarily based on imaging, clinical symptoms, and history. Currently, there is no focused treatment for spinal cord infarction. Thrombolysis, high-dose glucocorticoid shocks, tube dilatation to promote circulation, and nutritional neurotropic medicines given early in the course of the disease can all help to slow the disease’s progression. There is no agreement on the etiology, diagnosis, or therapy options for these people.

Case presentation:

On October 7, 2023, an 81-year-old man was admitted to the hospital primarily for recurrent chest tightness and pain that had persisted for more than 2 years and 1 month. Cerebral angiography upon admission revealed significant blockage of the right VA and stenosis of the left vertebral arterial origin. Six days following admission, a drug-eluting stenting procedure was carried out under local anesthesia to open the left VA origin via the femoral artery. Following the procedure, the patient experienced a progressive loss of muscle strength in all 4 limbs and paraplegia below the cervical 3 spinal cord. One week following the procedure, the patient was released from the hospital. After the procedure, the patient was released 1 week later. After the procedure, the patient’s symptoms persisted for a month.

Conclusion:

High awareness for high cervical cord infarction is required when neck discomfort and limb weakness with progressive progression arises after surgery. Complications of high cervical cord infarction following stenting for stenosis of VA origin are uncommon in clinical settings. Patients’ prognoses can be improved by prompt diagnosis and care.