bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved TLBO-JAYA Algorithm for Subset Feature Selection and Parameter Optimisation in Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Aljanabi Mohammad , Ismail Mohd Arfian , Mezhuyev Vitaly
Published: May 2020

Many optimisation-based intrusion detection algorithms have been developed and are widely used for intrusion identification. This condition is attributed to the increasing number of audit data features and the decreasing performance of human-based smart intrusion detection systems regarding classification accuracy, false alarm rate, and classification time. Feature selection and classifier parameter tuning are important factors that affect the performance of any intrusion detection system. In this paper, an improved intrusion detection algorithm for multiclass classification was presented and discussed in detail. The proposed method combined the improved teaching-learning-based optimisation (ITLBO) algorithm, improved parallel JAYA (IPJAYA) algorithm, and support vector machine. ITLBO with supervised machine learning (ML) technique was used for feature subset selection (FSS). The selection of the least number of features without causing an effect on the result accuracy in FSS is a multiobjective optimisation problem. This work proposes ITLBO as an FSS mechanism, and its algorithm-specific, parameterless concept (no parameter tuning is required during optimisation) was explored. IPJAYA in this study was used to update the C and gamma parameters of the support vector machine (SVM). Several experiments were performed on the prominent intrusion ML dataset, where significant enhancements were observed with the suggested ITLBO-IPJAYA-SVM algorithm compared with the classical TLBO and JAYA algorithms.
A Painless Restricted Motion of the Thumb: What Etiology? About An Uncommon Tumor in Uncommon Localization
Authors: Elghoul Naoufal , Benchakroun Mohammed , Bennis Azzelarab , Zaddoug Omar , Zine Ali , Tanane Mansour , Jaafar Abdeloihab
Published: May 2020

Lipomas in fingers are rare and account for less than 1% of all cases. As a type of lipoma, the spindle cell lipoma is exceptional and it presents 1.5% of total adipocyte tumors. Moreover, its localization in the thumb is extremely rare. Only three cases have already been reported in adults; our case constitutes the fourth case, which is about a 61-year-old female who presented since 18 months a mass on the ulnar lateral aspect of the thumb. After clinical and radiological assessments, an entire excisional biopsy of the mass was performed. The histopathological analysis confirmed the spindle cell lipoma of the thumb. At the last follow-up of two years, the patient did well with no recurrence and no restricted motion of the thumb. So, although lipomas of the digit are rare, they should be considered a possible etiology of either painful or mechanic restricted motion of the digit.
Fast Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection Using Improved Mask R-CNN
Authors: Xu Chenchen , Wang Guili , Yan Songsong , Yu Jianghua , Zhang Baojun , Dai Shu , Li Yu , Xu Lin
Published: May 2020

This study presents a simple and effective Mask R-CNN algorithm for more rapid detection of vehicles and pedestrians. The method is of practical value for anticollision warning systems in intelligent driving. Deep neural networks with more layers have greater capacity but also have to perform more complicated calculations. To overcome this disadvantage, this study adopts a Resnet-86 network as a backbone that differs from the backbone structure of Resnet-101 in the Mask R-CNN algorithm within practical conditions. The results show that the Resnet-86 network can reduce the operation time and greatly improve accuracy. The detected vehicles and pedestrians are also screened out based on the Microsoft COCO dataset. The new dataset is formed by screening and supplementing COCO dataset, which makes the training of the algorithm more efficient. Perhaps, the most important part of our research is that we propose a new algorithm, Side Fusion FPN. The parameters in the algorithm have not increased, the amount of calculation has increased by less than 0.000001, and the mean average precision (mAP) has increased by 2.00 points. The results show that, compared with the algorithm of Mask R-CNN, our algorithm decreased the weight memory size by 9.43%, improved the training speed by 26.98%, improved the testing speed by 7.94%, decreased the value of loss by 0.26, and increased the value of mAP by 17.53 points.
Epidemiology, Predisposing Factors, Biomarkers, and Prevention Mechanism of Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Endalifer Melese Linger , Diress Gedefaw
Published: May 2020

Background. Globally, obesity is becoming a public health problem in the general population. Various determinants were reported by different scholars even though there are inconsistencies. Different biomarkers of obesity were identified for the prediction of obesity. Even though researchers speculate the factors, biomarkers, consequences, and prevention mechanisms, there is a lack of aggregate and purified data in the area of obesity. Summary. In this review, the epidemiology, predisposing factors, biomarkers, consequences, and prevention approaches of obesity were reviewed. Key Messages. The epidemiology of obesity increased in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Even if the factors vary across regions and socioeconomic levels, sociodemographic, behavioral, and genetic factors were prominent for the development of obesity. There are a lot of biomarkers for obesity, of which microRNA, adipocytes, oxidative stress, blood cell profile, nutrients, and microbiota were promising biomarkers for determination of occurrence of obesity. Since the consequences of obesity are vast and interrelated, multidimensional prevention strategy is mandatory in all nations.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in PPARD Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Chinese Populations
Authors: Qi Yuan-yuan , Zhai Ya-ling , Liu Xin-ran , Zhang Xiao-xue , Zhao Ya-fei , Ning Xiang-hui , Zhao Zhan-Zheng
Published: May 2020

Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by apoptotic clearance deficiency provoking autoimmune responses and leading to multiple organ damage. PPAR-δ, encoded by the PPARD gene, was induced in macrophages promoting the timely disposal of apoptotic cells. Biological studies had provided solid foundation of PPARD involvement in SLE; it is worthwhile to further explore the genetic contribution of PPARD to SLE. Methods. We performed a discovery-replication genetic association study. The discovery study was based on previous reported GWAS data. And the replication study was conducted in 1003 SLE patients and 815 healthy controls from Henan, Middle East of China. Further, we analyzed the eQTL effect to identify possible functional significance. Results. In the genetic association analysis, we observed significant association between the risk C allele of rs4713853 (p=0.03, OR 1.167, 95% CI 1.015-1.341) and increased SLE susceptibility. Moreover, individuals with the risk C allele were associated with lower expression of PPARD and DEF6. Our clinical analysis showed that SLE patients with the risk C allele of rs4713853 were more likely to present a higher proportion of anti-Sm antibody presence (CC+CT vs. TT, 20.0% vs. 14.2%, p=0.039) and higher level of Scr (median inter quarter range CC+CT vs. TT, 56 48-71 vs. 54 46-64 μmol/L, p=0.002). Conclusions. In conclusion, our study identified a novel association between PPARD rs4713853 and SLE susceptibility in Chinese populations. By integrating multiple layers of analysis, we suggested that PPARD might be a main candidate in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Decrypting the Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Delineating the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Ruthenium-Phloretin Complex in Colon Carcinoma Correlated with the Oxidative Status and Increased Apoptotic Events
Authors: Jin Guoguo , Zhao Zhenjiang , Chakraborty Tania , Mandal Aikyadeep , Roy Arka , Roy Souvik , Guo Zhiping
Published: May 2020

To explore fresh strategies in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy, we evaluated the capability of the ruthenium-phloretin complex in exterminating colon cancer by effectively addressing multiple apoptotic mechanisms on HT-29 cancer cells together with an animal model of colorectal cancer activated by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and dextran sulfate sodium. Our current approach offers tangible evidence of the application of the ruthenium-phloretin complex in future chemotherapy. The complex triggers intrinsic apoptosis triggered by p53 and modulates the Akt/mTOR pathway along with other inflammatory biomarkers. The ruthenium-phloretin complex has been synthesized and successfully characterized by numerous spectroscopic methodologies accompanied by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays assessing its antioxidant potential. Studies conducted in human cell lines revealed that the complex improved levels of p53 and caspase-3 while diminishing the activities of VEGF and mTOR, triggers apoptosis, and induces fragmentation of DNA in the HT-29 cells. Toxicity studies were conducted to identify the therapeutic doses of the novel complex in animal models. The outcomes of the in vivo report suggest that the complex was beneficial in repressing multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci as well as hyperplastic lesions and also promoted increased levels of CAT, SOD, and glutathione. In addition, the ruthenium-phloretin complex was able to control cell proliferation and boosted apoptotic outbursts in cancer cells associated with the increase in cellular response towards Bax while diminishing responses towards Bcl-2, NF-κB, and MMP-9. Our observations from the experiments deliver testament that the ruthenium-phloretin complex has the potential to act as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in colorectal cancer because it can affect the growth of ACF and hyperplastic abrasions in the colon tissues by evoking cell death.
Color Stability of Glass Ionomer Cement after Reinforced with Two Different Nanoparticles
Authors: Pani Sharat Chandra , Aljammaz Moath Tofik , Alrugi Abdullah Mohammed , Aljumaah Abdulaziz Mohammed , Alkahtani Yazeed Minahi , AlKhuraif Abdulaziz
Published: May 2020

Aim. This study aimed to compare the staining characteristics of a commercially available restorative glass ionomer cement to a formulation reinforced by the addition of carbon nanotubes and another formulation reinforced by the addition of silver nanoparticles to the powder of the same cement. Methodology. Twenty samples each of a control glass ionomer cement (PULPDENT® Glass Fill®, Pulpdent Corp. Watertown, MA, USA), control cement reinforced with 0.0006 gm (0.03% by weight) of carbon nanotubes (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis MO, USA), and control cement reinforced with 0.2 gm (10% by weight) of silver nanoparticles (Nanocyl™, Nanocyl SA, Sambreville, Belgium) were immersed in a staining solution. Color evaluations were carried out after 1 h, 24 h, and 1 week. Color change values were calculated. Results. The results indicated that carbon nanotube reinforced specimens exhibited less color stability when compared to controlled glass ionomer cement specimens; however, both samples had significantly greater color stability than silver nanoparticle reinforced glass ionomer samples. Conclusion. It can be concluded within the limitations of this study that carbon nanotube reinforced glass ionomer cements have better color stability than silver nanoparticle reinforced glass ionomer cements.
Mitigating the Bridge End Bump Problem: A Case Study of a New Slab System with a Lower Partition Slab‐Pile Foundation
Authors: Yang Yu , Yu Chuang , Wu Ze-xiang , Tu Dong-mei
Published: May 2020

This paper describes a case of using a pile‐slab composite foundation to handle a bridge‐end bump problem. Conventionally, a deep‐seated concrete slab method is employed to tackle this problem; however, this method generates a large stress concentration within 1 m from the bridge end. The mechanical bearing capacity of the deep‐seated concrete slab is insufficient and prone to structural damage. Further, the longitudinal slope change rate is also very high. To overcome these limitations and solve the problem, a lower partition slab‐pile foundation treatment method is proposed. The construction of the proposed method is provided, and the results of a case study analyzed by field monitoring and a simulation executed using ABAQUS finite element simulation show good agreement. The results indicate that the mechanical bearing characteristics for the proposed lower partition slab‐pile foundation treatment method are better than the conventional deep‐seated concrete slab method, and therefore, the structure is more resistant to damage. In addition, because the pile foundation enhances the foundation bearing capacity, the longitudinal slope change rate of the new pile‐slab composite foundation is 2.5 times that for the deep‐seated concrete slab technology. Thus, the lower partition slab‐pile foundation treatment method can better deal with the bridge end bump problem.
An Optimized Pulse-Counting Method for Compensation Vector Calculation in the Automatic Balancer
Authors: Chen Lifang , Zhou Bo , Li Zhaoju , Guo Yixiang , Yan Ziwen
Published: May 2020

The accuracy of the counterweight positions in an automatic balancing system deeply affects dynamic balancing. Compensation vector is synthesized by the two counterweights located in the electromagnetic dual-weight automatic balancer. Therefore, if the position of the counterweight is inaccurate, it may result in a wrong adjustment and a larger imbalance of the rotor system. In this paper, an optimized pulse counting method for compensation vector calculation in an electromagnetic dual-weight balancing system is proposed based on a programmable logic controller (PLC). A propeller automatic balancing simulation test bench is used to verify the effect of the method by obtaining the positions of the counterweights and synthesizing the compensation vector in the working mode. The error is less than 1/80 which means that it does not exceed one step in the 80-position-balancer at 1200 rpm. The proposed control system can work without computers or high-speed data acquisition equipment, which improves the stability and flexibility of the control system, facilitates the design of the automatic balancing system, and shows excellent potential for industrial applications.
Predicting Liver Disease Risk Using a Combination of Common Clinical Markers: A Screening Model from Routine Health Check-Up
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Yanni , Wang Xiaoyi , Gacesa Ranko , Zhang Jie , Zhou Lu , Wang Bangmao
Published: May 2020

Background. Early detection is crucial for the prognosis of patients with autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Due to the relatively low incidence, developing screening tools for AILD remain a challenge. Aims. To analyze clinical characteristics of AILD patients at initial presentation and identify clinical markers, which could be useful for disease screening and early detection. Methods. We performed observational retrospective study and analyzed 581 AILD patients who were hospitalized in the gastroenterology department and 1000 healthy controls who were collected from health management center. Baseline characteristics at initial presentation were used to build regression models. The model was validated on an independent cohort of 56 patients with AILD and 100 patients with other liver disorders. Results. Asymptomatic AILD individuals identified by the health check-up are increased yearly (from 31.6% to 68.0%, p<0.001). The cirrhotic rates at an initial presentation are decreased in the past 18 years (from 52.6% to 20.0%, p<0.001). Eight indicators, which are common in the health check-up, are independent risk factors of AILD. Among them, abdominal lymph node enlargement (LN) positive is the most significant different (OR 8.85, 95% CI 2.73-28.69, p<0.001). The combination of these indicators shows high predictive power (AUC=0.98, sensitivity 89.0% and specificity 96.4%) for disease screening. Except two liver or cholangetic injury makers, the combination of AGE, GENDER, GLB, LN, concomitant extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, and familial history also shows a high predictive power for AILD in other liver disorders (AUC=0.91). Conclusion. Screening for AILD with described parameters can detect AILD in routine health check-up early, effectively and economically. Eight variables in routine health check-up are associated with AILD and the combination of them shows good ability of identifying high-risk individuals.
Monotonicities in Orlicz Spaces Equipped with Mazur-Orlicz F-Norm
Authors: Bai Xinran , Cui Yunan , Kończak Joanna
Published: May 2020

Some basic properties in Orlicz spaces and Orlicz sequence spaces that are generated by monotone function equipped with the Mazur-Orlicz F-norm are studied in this paper. We give some relationships between the modulus and the Mazur-Orlicz F-norm. We obtain an interesting result that the norm of an element in line segments is formed by two elements on the unit sphere less than or equal to 1 if and only if that the monotone function is a convex function. The criterion that Orlicz spaces and Orlicz sequence spaces that are generated by monotone function equipped with the Mazur-Orlicz F-norm are strictly monotone or lower locally uniform monotone is presented.
Glycyrrhizin Ameliorates Radiation Enteritis in Mice Accompanied by the Regulation of the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiao-min , Hu Xiao , Ou Jin-ying , Chen Shan-shan , Nie Ling-hui , Gao Lei , Zhu Ling-ling
Published: May 2020

Radiation enteritis is a common side effect of radiotherapy for abdominal and pelvic malignancies, which can lead to a decrease in patients’ tolerance to radiotherapy and the quality of life. It has been demonstrated that glycyrrhizin (GL) possesses significant anti‐inflammatory activity. However, little is known about its anti‐inflammatory effect in radiation enteritis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of GL on radiation enteritis and elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms involved. The C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 6.5 Gy abdominal X‐ray irradiation to establish a model of radiation enteritis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the pathological changes in the jejunum. The expression of TNF‐α in the jejunum was analyzed by immunochemistry. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and HMGB1 in the serum were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The intestinal absorption capacity was tested using the D‐xylose absorption assay. The levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. We found that GL significantly alleviated the intestinal damage and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and HMGB1 levels. Furthermore, the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway was significantly downregulated by GL treatment. In conclusion, these findings indicate that GL has a protective effect against radiation enteritis through the inhibition of the intestinal damage and the inflammatory responses, as well as the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Thereby, GL might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of radiation enteritis.
Analysis of Stress Asymmetric Distribution Law of Surrounding Rock of Roadway in Inclined Coal Seam: A Case Study of Shitanjing No. 2 Coal Seam
Authors: Xiong Xianyu , Dai Jun , Chen Xinnian
Published: May 2020

Asymmetrical deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock at the right‐angled trapezoidal roadway in the Shitanjing No. 2 mining area has created great difficulties in the stability control and support of the roadway. First, numerical simulations were applied to systematically analyze the distribution rules for vertical stress, horizontal stress, and failure characteristics of the roadway. Furthermore, verifications were conducted via laboratory model tests and practical engineering application. The results show that the two walls of the roadway, the roof, and the sharp corners demonstrate obvious asymmetric stress concentrations. The peak value of stress concentration in the low side (right wall) is significantly greater than that in the high side (left wall), and the distances from high and low sides of roadway to both walls of the roadway are obviously different. The two sharp corners, which are symmetrical along the same direction of the coal seam inclination, show obvious compressive stresses, while the opposite directions show obvious tensile stress regions at both sharp corners; further, maximum values of the compressive and tensile stresses appear at the two corners of the roadway roof, and their magnitudes vary with the change in inclination and ground stress.
Incorporating Research Reports and Market Sentiment for Stock Excess Return Prediction: A Case of Mainland China
Authors: Song Huilin , Peng Diyun , Huang Xin
Published: May 2020

The prediction of stock excess returns is an important research topic for quantitative trading, and stock price prediction based on machine learning is receiving more and more attention. This article takes the data of Chinese A-shares from July 2014 to September 2017 as the research object, and proposes a method of stock excess return forecasting that combines research reports and investor sentiment. The proposed method measures individual stocks released by analysts, separates the two indicators of research report attention and rating sentiment, calculates investor sentiment based on external market factors, and uses the LSTM model to represent the time series characteristics of stocks. The results show that (1) the accuracy and F1 evaluation indicators are used, and the proposed algorithm is better than the benchmark algorithm. (2) The performance of deep learning LSTM algorithm is better than traditional machine learning algorithm SVM. (3) Investor sentiment as the initial hidden state of the model can improve the accuracy of the algorithm. (4) The attention of the split research report takes the two indicators of investor sentiment and price as the input of the model, which can effectively improve the performance of the model.
Monitoring Regional Urban Dynamics Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Jin Pingbin , Cheng Qian
Published: May 2020

Accurate monitoring of urban regions and urban sprawls is critical to the detection and assessment of regional development. The nighttime light images of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) provide us direct solutions to make spatial descriptions of urban regions. Unfortunately, accurate monitoring of urban regions is apt to be hampered due to the shortages of the DMSP/OLS data. In this study, we utilized a new urban region extraction strategy based on the edge-detection method which is widely applied in automatic digital image processing. The edges of urban areas in Zhejiang province were identified based on the distributions and values of pixels. Compared with other traditional methods, the urban regions extracted in this study present a higher overall accuracy and kappa coefficient (OA = 93.1409%; Kappa = 0.8755). Two periods of the urban dynamic process and urban sprawl pattern in Zhejiang from 1992–2013 were further detected by the proposed method. At city level, the drastic increase in urban areas was found in cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo. This study provides an objective and convenient solution to the accurate identification of urban regions, which is also an important step to better understand the urban dynamics and urban development.
Progranulin Improves Acute Lung Injury through Regulating the Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells and Interleukin-10 Immunomodulation to Promote Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Chen Yan-qing , Wang Chuan-jiang , Xie Ke , Lei Ming , Chai Yu-sen , Xu Fang , Lin Shi-hui
Published: May 2020

Progranulin (PGRN), which plays an anti-inflammatory role in acute lung injury (ALI), is promising as a potential drug. Studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and interleukin- (IL-) 10 can repress inflammation and alleviate tissue damage during ALI. In this study, we built a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI mouse model to illustrate the effect of PGRN on regulation of Treg differentiation and modulation of IL-10 promoting macrophage polarization. We found that the proportion of Tregs in splenic mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher after treatment with PGRN. The increased proportion of Tregs after PGRN intratracheal instillation was consistent with the decreased severity of lung injury, the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and the increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, the percentages of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs from splenic naïve CD4+ T cells increased after PGRN treatment. In further research, it was found that PGRN can regulate the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and affect the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages by upregulating IL-10. These findings show that PGRN likely plays a protective role in ALI by promoting Treg differentiation and activating IL-10 immunomodulation.
O DUPLO PERIGO AMARELO: O DISCURSO ANTINIPÔNICO NO BRASIL (1908-1934)
Authors: Ueno Luana Martina Magalhães
Published: May 2020

Antes do início da imigração japonesa, em 1908, ela foi envolta por um discurso ligado ao desconhecido, ao diferente e ao outro. Com a chegada dos primeiros imigrantes japoneses, as representações se transformaram e mesclaram-se elementos como o projeto de “branqueamento”, pensado por políticos eugenistas brasileiros, à questão da assimilação e à ideia do perigo amarelo. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como o discurso antinipônico transmutou-se e ganhou novos elementos em sua composição, além de se tornar institucionalizado por lei na Constituição de 1934.
PROJECT SILVER COLUMBIA AND LONGSTAY: INSIGHTS FROM JAPAN FOR THE STUDY OF THE WORLDWIDE ELDERLY MIGRATION
Authors: Yamaki Marcelo Daisuke , Oliveira Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de
Published: May 2020

As in most developed economies of the world, Japanese low fertility rates have been a pressing issue for the last decades. In this sense, the debate on migration is crucial not only to keep the benefits attained by the Japanese during the period of high economic growth in the end of 20th century, but also to thrive in the years to come. Most migration policies related to the balance of age cohorts invites younger people to immigrate; however, in Japan, there was a public initiative in the end of the 1980’s, which promoted the emigration of elderly, the Silver Columbia project. This paper presents a review of Silver Columbia and its aftermath using articles from academic journals and media discussing arguments against and for its implementation. The experience was both a controversial measure to support a nationwide population policy and failed because of the lack of application of basic marketing principles in the public sector. The case study brings valuable insight for the worldwide elderly migration, their active participation in host societies and tourism.
A BITTER BREW: COFFEE AND LABOR IN JAPANESE BRAZILIAN IMMIGRANT LITERATURE
Authors: Jacobowitz Seth
Published: May 2020

Transoceanic passage brought nearly 189,000 immigrants from Japan to Brazil between 1908 and 1941. They were often geographically isolated in Japanese “colonies” as coffee plantation workers and thus able to maintain their Japanese linguistic and cultural identity. A new imagined community coalesced in the several Japanese-language immigrant newspapers that also published locally produced serial fiction. This paper reads two representative works by Sugi Takeo, pen name of Takei Makoto (1909-2011), who was a prolific contributor of original content to the Burajiru Jihô newspaper. In the short stories, “Kafé-en o uru” (Selling the coffee plantation, 1933) and “Tera Roshya” (Terra rossa, 1937), it is the moonshine sellers who see steady profits from every race and type of immigrant laborer while the Japanese newcomers who naively dream of riches by bringing coffee to market reap only a bitter brew of poverty for their efforts.
LUZES E SOMBRAS NA OBRA DE KAJII MOTOJIRÔ LIGHTS AND SHADOWS IN KAJII MOTOJIRÔ’S WRITTINGS
Authors: Kawana Karen Kazue
Published: May 2020

Kajii Motojirô (1901-1932) é um escritor de curta carreira literária, ela durou apenas sete anos, terminando com sua morte precoce por tuberculose. A doença é presença constante nos vinte contos reunidos na coletânea Remon (O Limão, 1931). Luzes, sombras e escuridão também são temas frequentes e que estão intimamente ligados à sua condição física e ao seu estado de espírito. Este artigo trata das nuances que essas relações trazem às suas obras.
DO VAZIO DE UM SATORI: A TÉCNICA DO HAICAI NOS POEMAS NIRVANA DE ADRIANA LISBOA E ANIMAL DE INVIERNO DE JOSÉ WATANABE
Authors: Pinheiro Samuel Delgado
Published: May 2020

presente trabalho pretende discutir acerca das técnicas do haicai nos poemas Nirvana de Adriana Lisboa e Animal de Invierno do poeta peruano José Watanabe, ambos possuem uma construção estética do vazio, através da presença de técnicas do haicai e de conceitos budistas que demonstram uma incorporação do olhar contemplativo perante a realidade. Neste sentido, a técnica do karumi (かるみ) utilizado por Bashō Matsuo (1644 – 1694) serve, em ambos os poemas, para um diálogo entre corpo, leveza e vazio. Para uma reflexão teórica sobre a significação na linguagem poética, serão utilizados autores como Roland Barthes (1915 – 1980), Nishitani Keiji (1900 – 1990), Shirane Haruo (1950), Italo Calvino (1923 – 1985), Mutlu Konuk Blasing (1944) cujas obras são importantes para explorarmos diversos aspectos do diálogo entre leveza, peso e vazio na linguagem.
O PROCESSO DE APROPRIAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIAS CLÁSSICAS JAPONESAS POR AKUTAGAWA RYÛNOSUKE: UMA ANÁLISE DO CONTO RASHÔMON
Authors: Sorte Junior Waldemiro Francisco
Published: May 2020

Explora-se neste artigo a apropriação de episódios retirados da coletânea clássica japonesa Konjaku Monogatarishû por Akutagawa Ryûnosuke, para a construção do conto Rashômon, publicado em 1915. Além de conservar os principais temas, os personagens e a ambientação da história original, Akutagawa também é capaz de utilizar técnicas para fazer alusão à tradição oral dessas curtas narrativas conhecidas como setsuwa, que normalmente eram transmitidas por gerações por meio de contadores de história. Examina-se como Akutagawa, em sua adaptação da história clássica, consegue fornecer maior riqueza de detalhes e explorar as razões que teriam levado os personagens a adotar as atitudes observadas na narrativa. Discute-se, ainda, dilemas de caráter existencial e ético enfrentados pelos personagens, bem como a questão da subjetividade da verdade, que é um tema abordado por Akutagawa também em outros contos.
Movement patterns, maximum distances traveled and microhabitat selection of spadefoot toad tadpoles in temporary ponds
Authors: Pinero-Rodríguez María Jesús , Díaz-Paniagua Carmen , Gomez-Mestre Ivan
Published: May 2020

Understanding the movement of individuals across natural habitats is important to determine fundamental aspects of their ecology, from dispersal patterns and habitat selection to interactions with predators, pathogens or conspecifics. Amphibian larvae are key to aquatic systems, playing fundamental roles as both consumers and prey, affecting nutrient cycling and even physico-chemical properties of the water bodies they occupy. Nevertheless, despite an extensive body of literature on most other aspects of their ecology, we know very little about spatial movements of amphibian larvae in their natural habitats, and the little information we have is restricted to lotic systems. Here we use a mark-and-recapture procedure using elastomers to determine movement patterns and microhabitat selection of western spadefoot toad tadpoles (Pelobates cultripes) in two large ponds in southwestern Spain. We observed maximum distances moved by these tadpoles of >67 m and >245 m, depending on the pond. These distances coincided with the maximum cross distance in each pond, suggesting that they could potentially move even farther in larger wetlands. Mean distances moved were 29.7 and 105 m in each pond. We sampled at two, four and nine days after release of tagged individuals, and we observed a stable, not expanding, movement pattern across sampling dates, suggesting that tadpoles resumed normal activity immediately after release. Tadpoles showed preference for deeper and more densely vegetated areas of the ponds, especially associated with plant species such as Ranunculus peltatus and Potamogeton pectinatus.
The Patarei Sea Fort: Perspectives on Heritage, Memory and Identity Politics in Post-Soviet Estonia
Authors: Novak Onessa , Plets Gertjan
Published: May 2020

This paper studies the struggle over the rehabilitation of the Patarei Sea Fort in Tallinn (Estonia), a former prison where during the Soviet period political prisoners were held and corralled before deportation to Siberia. We explore how three groups of stakeholders assemble and define the future of the site: The Estonian State; ngo Eesti Muinsuskaiste Selts (the Estonian Heritage Society); and Europa Nostra. Each of these groups have a competing future for the site in mind. The struggle over the Patarei Sea fort is connected to discussions over heritage politics in those countries that entered the European Union around the early 2000s. In comparison to other memory practices in the region, the Patarei Sea Fort is not instrumentalized by the state to support a national historical narrative othering the Russian Federation. Rather the state’s engagement with the site is restricted and textured by ambitions to gentrify the district it is situated in. Not the state, but an ngo, assisted by a European heritage association, promotes a heritage discourse geared at strengthening the Estonian national narrative.
Creativity and Complexity: Creative Solutions are Complex and Need Time
Authors: Heiligensetzer Sarah A. , Schmittlutz Thorsten H. , Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: May 2020

To create art means to be creative, but how creativity is gained, how we can induce and train creativity and how we can validly measure creative potential is a matter of still unsolved research. In our exploratory study, 49 participants had to create figures by using a double set of Tangram puzzles — so to say: to create something with an infinite degree of freedoms but that is still based on just a few defined and simple basic elements. In total, participants created 708 different figures. Creativity and complexity of these creations were then assessed in a subsequent study by five further raters in two randomly ordered blocks. We observed a strong correlation between the ratings of creativity and complexity on basis of average as well as individual data level. Interestingly, highly productive people, sometimes misinterpreted as ‘creatives’ due to their sheer quantitative output, actually produced simpler scenes that were also evaluated as less creative. We could also reveal that the level of creativity in the produced items remained very similar over the course of the test, pointing to relatively stable creativity traits (at least during the study phase). Our approach could lead to a deeper and more differentiated understanding of the concept of creativity and creative potential, specifically by combining it with qualitative analyses of the complexity of the created figures.
Paul Ricœur and Danish Philosophy
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl
Published: May 2020

This article presents the influence on Danish philosophy of the French phenomenologist and hermeneutic philosopher Paul Ricœur. Paul Ricœur’s poetic hermeneutics was an inspiration for Danish phenomenology and existentialist thought. Moreover, Ricœur had an influence on the development of poetic and narrative research in theology and the human and social sciences in Denmark. In addition, Ricœur provided a hermeneutic framework for research in the different disciplines of bioethics and biolaw, philosophy of law, philosophy of education and nursing philosophy. In particular, Peter Kemp has been important for presenting and promoting Ricœur’s narrative philosophy. The article gives an overview of the influence of the different aspects of Ricœur’s philosophy in Denmark, related to different schools of thought and to individual philosophers and researchers in theology and the human and social sciences in Denmark.
Accuracy Assessment of MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim Sea Surface Temperature, Air Temperature, and Humidity Profiles over the Atlantic Ocean Using AEROSE Measurements
Authors: Luo Bingkun , Minnett Peter J. , Szczodrak Malgorzata , Nalli Nicholas R. , Morris Vernon R.
Published: June 2020

Satellite and in situ measurements of the sea surface and the atmosphere often have inadequate sampling frequencies and often lack consistent global coverage. Because of such limitations, reanalysis model output is frequently used in atmospheric and oceanographic research endeavors to complement satellite and in situ data. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Goddard Earth Sciences Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) datasets provide accurate, complete fields through the assimilation of many atmospheric and surface observations. Still, the reanalysis output data must be rigorously and continuously evaluated to understand their strengths and weaknesses. To this end, this study evaluates sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) and atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles in MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim data through comparisons with independent Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (M-AERI) and radiosonde data from the Aerosols and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE) cruises, focusing on the representation of spatial and temporal variability. SSTskinvalues are generally in good agreement with corresponding M-AERI measurements, with the average differences on the order of 0.1 K. Comparisons between MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim relative humidity and air temperature profiles with a total of 553 radiosondes that have been withheld from data assimilation schemes show good correspondence below 500 hPa: the average air temperature difference is <2 K and the average relative humidity discrepancy is within 10%. These results support the use of these MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim reanalysis fields in a variety of research applications.
Along-Stream Evolution of Gulf Stream Volume Transport
Authors: Heiderich Joleen , Todd Robert E.
Published: June 2020

The Gulf Stream affects global climate by transporting water and heat poleward. The current’s volume transport increases markedly along the U.S. East Coast. An extensive observing program using autonomous underwater gliders provides finescale, subsurface observations of hydrography and velocity spanning more than 15° of latitude along the path of the Gulf Stream, thereby filling a 1500-km-long gap between long-term transport measurements in the Florida Strait and downstream of Cape Hatteras. Here, the glider-based observations are combined with shipboard measurements along Line W near 68°W to provide a detailed picture of the along-stream transport increase. To account for the influences of Gulf Stream curvature and adjacent circulation (e.g., corotating eddies) on transport estimates, upper- and lower-bound transports are constructed for each cross–Gulf Stream transect. The upper-bound estimate for time-averaged volume transport above 1000 m is 32.9 ± 1.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in the Florida Strait, 57.3 ± 1.9 Sv at Cape Hatteras, and 75.6 ± 4.7 Sv at Line W. Corresponding lower-bound estimates are 32.3 ± 1.1 Sv in the Florida Strait, 54.5 ± 1.7 Sv at Cape Hatteras, and 69.9 ± 4.2 Sv at Line W. Using the temperature and salinity observations from gliders and Line W, waters are divided into seven classes to investigate the properties of waters that are transported by and entrained into the Gulf Stream. Most of the increase in overall Gulf Stream volume transport above 1000 m stems from the entrainment of subthermocline waters, including upper Labrador Sea Water and Eighteen Degree Water.
Overturning Circulation Pathways in a Two-Basin Ocean Model
Authors: Nadeau Louis-Philippe , Jansen Malte F.
Published: June 2020

A toy model for the deep ocean overturning circulation in multiple basins is presented and applied to study the role of buoyancy forcing and basin geometry in the ocean’s global overturning. The model reproduces the results from idealized general circulation model simulations and provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms that govern the structure of the overturning circulation. The results highlight the importance of the diabatic component of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) for the depth of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and for the interbasin exchange of deep ocean water masses. This diabatic component, which extends the upper cell in the Atlantic below the depth of adiabatic upwelling in the Southern Ocean, is shown to be sensitive to the global area-integrated diapycnal mixing rate and the density contrast between NADW and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). The model also shows that the zonally averaged global overturning circulation is to zeroth-order independent of whether the ocean consists of one or multiple connected basins, but depends on the total length of the southern reentrant channel region (representing the Southern Ocean) and the global ocean area integrated diapycnal mixing. Common biases in single-basin simulations can thus be understood as a direct result of the reduced domain size.
On the utility of the trail making test in migraine with and without aura: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vallesi Antonino
Published: June 2020

This meta-analytical review assesses the utility of the Trail Making Test (TMT), versions A and B, in detecting migraine-related cognitive deficits. A comprehensive literature search was performed in two electronic databases and other sources to obtain relevant studies administering TMT to migraine patients. Search terms included “migraine” and “Trail Making”. Only studies in which the TMT-A, TMT-B or both were administered to adult patients suffering from migraine with and without aura were included. All pooled meta-analyses were based on random effects models. A total of 14 studies for TMT-A and 15 for TMT-B met inclusion criteria and were subjected to meta-analyses. Results showed that performance is worse in migraine patients than in controls for both the TMT-A (Hedges’ g = −.28) and TMT-B (g = −.37), with no difference between migraine with and without aura. This study demonstrates the sensitivity of the TMT in detecting cognitive alterations in migraine. This test should be considered for inclusion in cognitive batteries assessing patients with migraine.
Hysteroscopic treatment of retained placental tissue: a case report
Authors: Angelos Daniilidis , Anastasios Liberis , Panagiotis Papandreou , Konstantinos Sidiropoulos , George Pratilas , Konstantinos Dinas
Published: June 2020

Retained placenta tissue is a rare condition, and its diagnosis and surgical treatment are often challenging. Conventionally, the surgical management of such cases is largely performed using blind dilation and curettage. Our case demonstrates that the successful complete removal of retained placental tissues can be achieved with operative hysteroscopy with minimal use of electrosurgery in order to minimize the short- and long-term complications. This was achieved using the loop of the bipolar resectoscope as a curette performing cold dissection.
The green-brown polymorphism of the club-legged grasshopper Gomphocerus sibiricus is heritable and appears genetically simple
Authors: Schielzeth Holger , Dieker Petra
Published: June 2020

Background

Local coexistence of distinct, genetically determined color morphs can be unstable and transitional. Stable, long-term coexistence requires some form of balancing selection to protect morphs from getting lost by directional selection or genetic drift. However, not all phenotypic polymorphism need to have a genetic basis. We here report on the genetic basis of two color polymorphisms in the club-legged grasshopperGomphocerus sibiricus: a green-brown polymorphism that is phylogenetically and geographically widespread among orthopteran insects and a pied-brown pattern polymorphism that is shared among many gomphocerine grasshoppers.

Results

We found a remarkably clear outcome of matings within and between morph that suggest not only that the green-brown polymorphism is heritable in this species, but that results can be most parsimoniously explained by a single autosomal locus with two alleles in which the green allele is dominant over the brown allele. A few individuals did not match this pattern and suggest the existence of genetic modifiers and/or developmental phenocopies. We also show that the pied-brown polymorphism is highly heritable, although the evidence for the involvement of one or more loci is less clear-cut.

Conclusions

Overall, our data demonstrate that the two polymorphisms are heritable in the club-legged grasshopper and appear genetically simple, at least with respect to green morphs. The results are consistent with the idea that the synthesis or transport of a pigment involved in the production of green coloration (likely biliverdin) is lost by homozygosity for loss-of-function alleles in brown individuals. The apparently simple genetic architecture of the green-brown polymorphism offer potential for studying balancing selection in the field and for genetic mapping in this species.
Precursor peptide-targeted mining of more than one hundred thousand genomes expands the lanthipeptide natural product family
Authors: Walker Mark C. , Eslami Sara M. , Hetrick Kenton J. , Ackenhusen Sarah E. , Mitchell Douglas A. , van der Donk Wilfred A.
Published: June 2020

Background

Lanthipeptides belong to the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide group of natural products and have a variety of biological activities ranging from antibiotics to antinociceptives. These peptides are cyclized through thioether crosslinks and can bear other secondary post-translational modifications. While lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene clusters can be identified by the presence of genes encoding characteristic enzymes involved in the post-translational modification process, locating the precursor peptides encoded within these clusters is challenging due to their short length and high sequence variability, which limits the high-throughput exploration of lanthipeptide biosynthesis. To address this challenge, we enhanced the predictive capabilities of Rapid ORF Description & Evaluation Online (RODEO) to identify members of all four known classes of lanthipeptides.

Results

Using RODEO, we mined over 100,000 bacterial and archaeal genomes in the RefSeq database. We identified nearly 8500 lanthipeptide precursor peptides. These precursor peptides were identified in a broad range of bacterial phyla as well as the Euryarchaeota phylum of archaea. Bacteroidetes were found to encode a large number of these biosynthetic gene clusters, despite making up a relatively small portion of the genomes in this dataset. A number of these precursor peptides are similar to those of previously characterized lanthipeptides, but even more were not, including potential antibiotics. One such new antimicrobial lanthipeptide was purified and characterized. Additionally, examination of the biosynthetic gene clusters revealed that enzymes installing secondary post-translational modifications are more widespread than initially thought.

Conclusion

Lanthipeptide biosynthetic gene clusters are more widely distributed and the precursor peptides encoded within these clusters are more diverse than previously appreciated, demonstrating that the lanthipeptide sequence-function space remains largely underexplored.