bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should Marx's theory of social development be forgotten?
Authors: Bolcic Silvano
Published: July 2009

The first decade of the 21st century is marked by serious drawbacks in economic and overall social development even in the most advanced countries. New knowledge is being searched for, and at the same time interest is revived in classical and new theories of development. Without attempting to present a return to the 'big', classical theories of development, including Marx's theory of social development, as the sufficient starting ground for finding solutions to contemporary problems, this paper offers a relatively comprehensive 'rereading' of some of Marx's writings. The intention is to overcome certain misinterpretations of Marx's understanding of the 'logic' of the transformation of modern (pre-capitalist, capitalist and 'future') societies and to place again on the 'working table' of sociologists and other social scientists some of the key questions that Marx confronted while studying transformations of 19th century capitalist societies. Marx's theory of social development, it is argued, cannot be reduced to 'economism', 'technological determinism', or any other form of mono-causal explanation of key factors of social development. Of crucial importance is his complex investigation of historical 'formation of societies', differences in 'logics' of 'building', functioning and 'deconstruction' of specific 'historical societies', with a particular emphasis on the role of various 'social actors' in those transformations. If this 'rereading' is accepted, it becomes evident that is impossible and unadvisable to forget Marx' theory of social development.
HRM trends in transition economies: Two reflections of the shared background
Authors: Bogicevic-Milikic Biljana , Janicijevic Nebojsa
Published: July 2009

This paper intends to investigate whether the speed of a transition process influences the degree of HRM developments in transition economies. We therefore focused our investigation on the HRM practices in two transition countries - Slovenia and Serbia, which used to be constitutional parts of the former Yugoslavia and used to share the same political and cultural background for many years. The analysis was focused on the following areas of HRM: the role of the HR function, HRM strategy involvement, training and development, performance measurements and rewards, employee relations and the role of trade unions. The research findings show that the HRM policies and practices in Serbia and Slovenia, regardless of the shared background, diverge in all analyzed aspects. The results obtained confirm that the transition process, per se, may explain almost all differences between HRM practices in Serbia and Slovenia.
Blessed Are the Gatekeepers: A Longitudinal Study of the Editorial Boards of The Accounting Review
Authors: Fogarty Timothy J. , Liao Chih-Hsien
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT: All academic disciplines must establish procedures to protect the quality of their knowledge. This usually entails a process of peer review whose function is to make judgments about the value of scholarship. The impact of these judgments is to elevate some scholarship to the highest plateaus of prominence, to prevent other work from publication, and to place the remainder in a system of stratification. The people who perform this function have considerable power to shape the literature, and therefore form a worthwhile object of study. This paper considers the editorial review board of The Accounting Review at three points in time over a 20-year period. The results suggest that institutional concentration of the gatekeepers has modestly decreased over time. However, other differences suggest that the scholarly representativeness of the group has diminished.
College Student Perceptions of AICPA and State Association Accounting Career Information Websites
Authors: Janvrin Diane J. , Gary Robert F. , Clem Anne M.
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT: Incorporating recent advances in communication and technology, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and several state professional societies have developed accounting career information websites to attract talented students and retain professionals by providing career-related information. Our study examines perceptions of these websites held by one user group, specifically college students, using an empirically validated instrument. Results indicate that college student users are generally unaware that these websites exist. However, once these users examine the websites, both beginning college students and accounting majors generally assign them high quality ratings. College student users perceive some differences between the websites, as three are consistently rated higher while three others consistently received lower ratings. Thus, we provide evidence suggesting that at least one user group (i.e., college students) perceives that the career information websites, developed through significant investments from professional accounting societies, are effective in providing accounting career information.
Primary Graft Function, Metabolic Control, and Graft Survival After Islet Transplantation
Authors: Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Kerr-Conte Julie , Arnalsteen Laurent , Sergent Geraldine , Defrance Frederique , Gmyr Valery , Declerck Nicole , Raverdy Violeta , Vandewalle Brigitte , Pigny Pascal , Noel Christian , Pattou Francois
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the influence of primary graft function (PGF) on graft survival and metabolic control after islet transplantation with the Edmonton protocol.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 14 consecutive patients with brittle type 1 diabetes were enrolled in this phase 2 study and received median 12,479 islet equivalents per kilogram of body weight (interquartile range 11,072–15,755) in two or three sequential infusions within 67 days (44–95). PGF was estimated 1 month after the last infusion by the β-score, a previously validated index (range 0–8) based on insulin or oral treatment requirements, plasma C-peptide, blood glucose, and A1C. Primary outcome was graft survival, defined as insulin independence with A1C ≤6.5%.

RESULTS

All patients gained insulin independence within 12 days (6–23) after the last infusion. PGF was optimal (β-score ≥7) in nine patients and suboptimal (β-score ≤6) in five. At last follow-up, 3.3 years (2.8–4.0) after islet transplantation, eight patients (57%) remained insulin independent with A1C ≤6.5%, including seven patients with optimal PGF (78%) and one with suboptimal PGF (20%) (P = 0.01, log-rank test). Graft survival was not significantly influenced by HLA mismatches or by preexisting islet autoantibodies. A1C, mean glucose, glucose variability (assessed with continuous glucose monitoring system), and glucose tolerance (using an oral glucose tolerance test) were markedly improved when compared with baseline values and were significantly lower in patients with optimal PGF than in those with suboptimal PGF.

CONCLUSIONS

Optimal PGF was associated with prolonged graft survival and better metabolic control after islet transplantation. This early outcome may represent a valuable end point in future clinical trials.
Sustained Hyperglycemia Among Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Lafata Jennifer E. , Dobie Elizabeth A. , Divine George W. , Ulcickas Yood Marianne E. , McCarthy Bruce D.
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE

To estimate prevalence of, and factors associated with, sustained periods of hyperglycemia among patients with diabetes and factors associated with receipt of appropriate care once A1C values are persistently elevated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Among patients initiating oral monotherapy (n = 5,070), Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods were used to estimate time to, and factors associated with, sustained hyperglycemia (defined by two A1cs >8% and no recent medication intensification), and among those experiencing sustained hyperglycemia, time to, and factors associated with, appropriate receipt of care (i.e., medication intensification or achieving A1C ≤7%).

RESULTS

Within 1 year, 8% experienced sustained hyperglycemia, with the proportion rising to 38% within 5 years. Patients using sulfonylurea had greater risk of hyperglycemia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.47 [95% CI 1.30–1.66]) compared with those initiating metformin. Risk increased with age (1.89 [1.27–2.83]), was greater for African Americans (1.19 [1.05–1.36]), and increased with A1C levels >7%. Among individuals with sustained hyperglycemia (n = 1,386), mean time to appropriate care was 9.7 months, with 25% not receiving appropriate care within 1 year. Shorter delays to appropriate care receipt were associated with increasing income (1.03 [1.00–1.07]), A1C >9% (1.38 [1.06–1.79]) and >11% (1.65 [1.25–2.18]), increasing medication adherence (1.03 [1.01–1.04]), and visits to primary care (4.22 [3.65–4.88]) or endocrinology (3.89 [2.26–6.70]). Longer delays were associated with increasing drug copayments (0.96 [0.93–0.98]).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients incurring sustained hyperglycemia are at risk of further delays in appropriate management. Barriers to appropriate care include prescription drug copayments, few physician contacts, and other factors that are likely amenable to intervention.
Ideals and atoms of BZ-algebras
Authors: Dudek Wiesław , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Yongquan
Published: July 2009

Ideals and atoms are studied by various authors from different point of views. In different algebras there are studied different ideals, but obtained results are similar. Below we present a new method of study of ideals in BZ-algebras. Using this method we describe the connection between ideals of various types.
A note on neutral elements in posets
Authors: Waphare B. , Joshi Vinayak
Published: July 2009

Neutral elements and central elements are characterized in different classes of posets such as sectionally semi-complemented posets, atomistic posets etc.
Oscillation criteria for differential equations of second order
Authors: Nandakumaran A. , Panigrahi S.
Published: July 2009

In this article, we give sufficient condition in the form of integral inequalities to establish the oscillatory nature of non linear homogeneous differential equations of the form $$
(r(t)y')' + q(t)y' + p(t)f(y)g(y') = 0, t \geqslant t_0 ,
$$ where r, q, p, f and g are given data. We do this by separating the two cases f is monotonous and non monotonous.
Oscillation of neutral delay difference equations of second order with positive and negative coefficients
Authors: Padhi Seshadev , Qian Chuanxi
Published: July 2009

This paper is concerned with a class of neutral difference equations of second order with positive and negative coefficients of the forms $$
\Delta ^2 (x_n \pm c_n x_{n - \tau } ) + p_n x_{n - \delta } - q_n x_{n - \sigma } = 0
$$ where τ, δ and σ are nonnegative integers and {p
n}, {q
n} and {c
n} are nonnegative real sequences. Sufficient conditions for oscillation of the equations are obtained.
Banach-Steinhaus properties of strictly $$
\mathcal{N}
$$-locally convex spaces based on the principle of uniform boundedness
Authors: Lahrech S.
Published: July 2009

Using the principle of uniform boundedness in a strictly $$
\mathcal{N}
$$-locally convex spaces, we establish a Banach-Steinhaus-type result for sequentially continuous linear operators.
Tubulin and its Prokaryotic Homologue FtsZ: A Structural and Functional Comparison
Authors: Dyer Nigel
Published: July 2009

Microtubules are one of the three primary constituents of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are constructed from the protein tubulin. FtsZ is a close structural homologue of tubulin within prokaryotes, and plays an important structural role during cell division. This article compares what is known about the structures that these two homologues are able to form in vivo and in vitro and examines the evidence that the water in the immediate vicinity of the structures, particularly in microtubules, may play an important role in their formation and stability. The article then examines evidence that this hydration layer might help our understanding of how the structures formed by tubulin and FtsZ are stabilised by associated proteins and selected cations. The article then considers recent studies of the charge distribution and dipole moments of tubulin and extends this work to include the electrostatic characteristics of FtsZ. There is then an examination of the ways in which the electrostatic similarities and differences between the two proteins might be related to the similarities and differences in the filamentary structures that they form.
Is DNA a worm-like chain in Couette flow?: In search of persistence length, a critical review
Authors: Rittman Martyn , Gilroy Emma , Koohy Hashem , Rodger Alison , Richards Adair
Published: July 2009

Persistence length is the foremost measure of DNA flexibility. Its origins lie in polymer theory which was adapted for DNA following the determination of B-DNA structure in 1953. There is no single definition of persistence length used, and the links between published definitions are based on assumptions which may, or may not be, clearly stated. DNA flexibility is affected by local ionic strength, solvent environment, bound ligands and intrinsic sequence-dependent flexibility. This article is a review of persistence length providing a mathematical treatment of the relationships between four definitions of persistence length, including: correlation, Kuhn length, bending, and curvature. Persistence length has been measured using various microscopy, force extension and solution methods such as linear dichroism and transient electric birefringence. For each experimental method a model of DNA is required to interpret the data. The importance of understanding the underlying models, along with the assumptions required by each definition to determine a value of persistence length, is highlighted for linear dichroism data, where it transpires that no model is currently available for long DNA or medium to high shear rate experiments.
Characterization and Apportionment of Sources of Indoor air Particulate Matter of aecd Campus, Dhaka
Authors: Begum Bilkis A , Biswas Swapan K
Published: July 2009

Ambient particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) samples were collected in different laboratories and sitting rooms at the Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka campus in Dhaka on weekdays using AirMetrics Samplers from September to December 2006.  The samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations by ED XRF method.  Black carbon was analyzed by reflectance.  The data sets were analyzed by reconstructive mass (RCM) methods to check the mass closer and also to identify the possible sources of atmospheric aerosols in these closed areas.  It was observed that in these closed areas, 74 to 98% of the particulate mass belong to fine particles mass (PM2.5).  Mostly three and four sources have been identified in both PM10 and PM2.5 fractions respectively.  The sources are soil, combustion products (signature elements are BC and OC), Pb and Zn containing sources.  It was found that about 70 to 98% of total mass is black carbon together with organic carbon.   Keywords:  RCM, PM, AECD campus, XRF method DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2947 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 25-36, 2009
The Commutativity of Prime În-Rings with left and Right K-Derivations
Authors: Chakraborty Sujoy , Paul Akhil Chandra
Published: July 2009

By introducing the notions of left k-derivation and right k-derivation of a gamma ring, we determine some significantly important results on the commutativity of prime ΓN-rings of characteristic not equal to 2 and 3 with left k-derivation and right k-derivation, and also with the composition of such two k-derivations. Keywords: Left and right k-derivations, gamma ring, prime gamma ring, commutativity. DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2948 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 37-46, 2009
Growth and Characterization of Epsomite Single Crystals Doped with KCl from low Temperature Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ferdous S , Podder J
Published: July 2009

Highly transparent and well faceted large size epsomite single crystals have been grown in pure form and doped with KCl from aqueous solutions by slow cooling and isothermal evaporation method. The optical quality of the epsomite improves on doping by KCl. Mass growth rates were found to increase with doping of lower concentrations of KCl and then decreases with the higher concentration of KCl. KCl doped epsomite crystal reveals that structures are slightly distorted due to adsorption of Cl- ion into the crystal lattice. DC conductivity along the growth axis for all of the grown crystals increases with temperature in the range of 25 to 70ºC and also increases with the KCl concentration. Dielectric constant is found to be almost independent of frequency up to range of 106Hz. The dielectric studies show the suitability of these grown crystals for optoelectronic applications. DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2949 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 47-54, 2009
Study of Attractive Nonlinearity by 1-D Nonlinear SchrÃ¶dinger Equation in the BoseâEinstein Condensate
Authors: Rahman ML , Haque Y , Das SK , Hossain MM , Rashid MH
Published: July 2009

The work represents and investigates the stationary solutions of the one-dimensional Non-linear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE), for attractive non-linearity, in the Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) under the box boundary condition and calculates the characteristics of internal modes of bright solitons (eigen modes of small perturbation of the condensate). DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2953 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 87-98, 2009
Bioaccumulation of Heavy and Essential Metals in Trophic Levels of Pond Ecosystem
Authors: Parven N , Bashar MA , Quraishi SB
Published: July 2009

Bioaccumulation of heavy and essential metals was examined in duckweed (first trophic level) and in a pyralid insect larva (second and successive trophic level) in two different ponds e.g. organic and inorganic ponds. Hospital's waste-materials and inorganic fertilizers were used as duckweed nutrients in organic pond and inorganic pond, respectively. A total of 24 water, duckweed and insect samples were used for analysis of essential and heavy metals. Toxic metals were found to transmit and persist in duckweed. The insect is a duckweed consumer in pond ecosystem. Persistence of heavy metals and essential metals was evidenced in the insect when its larval stages were examined. Nine heavy/essential metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe and Hg) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All of these trace metals were greater in evidence in organic pond than the inorganic pond. Some heavy and essential metals did not bio-accumulate from duckweed to insect larval body. Some toxic metals such as Lead, Copper, Manganese and Cobalt were evidenced at high concentration in water, duckweed and insect larvae. The experimental results indicated that persistence of heavy/essential metals occurred in successive trophic levels of pond ecosystem. Key words: Duckweed, pyralid insect, heavy and essential elements, bio-accumulation, pond ecosystem, trophic level DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2957 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 131-138, 2009
Contemporary Werewolf Schemata: Shifting Representations of Racial and Ethnic Difference
Authors: Chappell Shelley
Published: July 2009

Because of the current fantasy trend to represent lycanthropy as a genetically inherited or inborn feature, with werewolves frequently belonging to werewolf families and/or packs, many contemporary narratives for children and young adults encourage readings of lycanthropy as a metaphor for racial or ethnic difference. Diverse representations of lycanthropy, from monstrous and sympathetic werewolves to benevolent and idealised werewolves, non-essentialist werewolves, and incommensurable werewolves thus suggest shifting conceptions of race and ethnicity. The divergent ideological implications of these distinctive werewolf schemata are analysed in a variety of contemporary children's and young adult fantasy texts, including Maggie Pearson's Owl Light ( 1996 ), Annette Curtis Klause's Blood and Chocolate ( 1997 ), Patrick Jennings's The Wolving Time ( 2003 ), J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series (1997–2007), and Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series (2005–8).
The Power of Dialogue: Religion in Contemporary Dutch Novels for Children
Authors: van Lierop-Debrauwer Helma
Published: July 2009

This article examines the approach to God and religion in contemporary Dutch children's novels. It is argued that their representation has changed completely when compared to the Protestant children's books from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Analysis of texts by Sjoerd Kuyper and Guus Kuijer, two of the best-known Dutch authors of children's books in which religion is important to the plot, shows at least two important differences. While earlier Protestant writers were only interested in religious instruction written from one particular stance, these two writers focus on dialogue, respectfully discussing religious issues. Looking at them from Ingarden's perspective on literature the conclusion is that the contemporary texts no longer simplify the complexities of life, thus showing the metaphysical qualities Ingarden considered essential to literature.
Isothermal Microcalorimetry to Investigate Non Specific Interactions in Biophysical Chemistry
Authors: Ball Vincent , Maechling Clarisse
Published: July 2009

Isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) is mostly used to investigate the thermodynamics of “specific” host-guest interactions in biology as well as in supramolecular chemistry. The aim of this review is to demonstrate that ITC can also provide useful information about non-specific interactions, like electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions. More attention will be given in the use of ITC to investigate polyelectrolyte-polyelectrolyte (in particular DNA-polycation), polyelectrolyte-protein as well as protein-lipid interactions. We will emphasize that in most cases these “non specific” interactions, as their definition will indicate, are favoured or even driven by an increase in the entropy of the system. The origin of this entropy increase will be discussed for some particular systems. We will also show that in many cases entropy-enthalpy compensation phenomena occur.
Synthesis and Olfactory Evaluation of Bulky Moiety-Modified Analogues to the Sandalwood Odorant Polysantol®
Authors: Chapado Laura , Linares-Palomino Pablo J. , Badía Concepción , Salido Sofía , Nogueras Manuel , Sánchez Adolfo , Altarejos Joaquín
Published: July 2009

Five new bulky moiety-modified analogues of the sandalwood odorant Polysantol® have been synthesized by aldol condensation of appropriate aldehydes with butanone, deconjugative α-methylation of the resulting α,β-unsaturated ketones, and reduction of the corresponding β,γ-unsaturated ketones. The final compounds were evaluated organoleptically and one of them seemed to be of special interest for its natural sandalwood scent.
S3: School Zone Safety System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yoo Seong-eun , Chong Poh Kit , Kim Daeyoung
Published: July 2009

School zones are areas near schools that have lower speed limits and where illegally parked vehicles pose a threat to school children by obstructing them from the view of drivers. However, these laws are regularly flouted. Thus, we propose a novel wireless sensor network application called School zone Safety System (S3) to help regulate the speed limit and to prevent illegal parking in school zones. S3 detects illegally parked vehicles, and warns the driver and records the license plate number. To reduce the traveling speed of vehicles in a school zone, S3 measures the speed of vehicles and displays the speed to the driver via an LED display, and also captures the image of the speeding vehicle with a speed camera. We developed a state machine based vehicle detection algorithm for S3. From extensive experiments in our testbeds and data from a real school zone, it is shown that the system can detect all kinds of vehicles, and has an accuracy of over 95% for speed measurement. We modeled the battery life time of a sensor node and validated the model with a downscaled measurement; we estimate the battery life time to be over 2 years. We have deployed S3 in 15 school zones in 2007, and we have demonstrated the robustness of S3 by operating them for over 1 year.
Intrusion-Aware Alert Validation Algorithm for Cooperative Distributed Intrusion Detection Schemes of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Shaikh Riaz Ahmed , Jameel Hassan , D’Auriol Brian J. , Lee Heejo , Lee Sungyoung , Song Young-Jae
Published: July 2009

Existing anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks have mainly focused on the detection of intrusions. Once the intrusion is detected, an alerts or claims will be generated. However, any unidentified malicious nodes in the network could send faulty anomaly and intrusion claims about the legitimate nodes to the other nodes. Verifying the validity of such claims is a critical and challenging issue that is not considered in the existing cooperative-based distributed anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a validation algorithm that addresses this problem. This algorithm utilizes the concept of intrusion-aware reliability that helps to provide adequate reliability at a modest communication cost. In this paper, we also provide a security resiliency analysis of the proposed intrusion-aware alert validation algorithm.
Recovery Function of the Late Auditory Evoked Potential in Cochlear Implant Users and Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: Zhang Fawen , Samy Ravi N. , Anderson Jill M. , Houston Lisa
Published: July 2009

Background: It has been theorized that neural recovery is related to temporal coding of speech sounds. The recovery function of cortically generated auditory evoked potentials has not been investigated in cochlear implant (CI) users. Purpose: This study characterized the
recovery function of the late auditory evoked potential (LAEP) using a masker‐probe paradigm in postlingually deafened adult CI users and young normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Research Design: A case-control study of the late auditory evoked potentials using electrophysiological
technique was performed. The LAEP was evoked by 1 kHz tone bursts presented in pairs, with the first stimuli as the maskers and the second stimuli as the probes. The masker‐probe intervals (MPIs) were varied at 0.7, 1, 2, 4, and 8 sec, with an interpair interval of 12 sec.
Study Sample: Nine CI users and nine NH listeners participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis: The normalized amplitude from the probe response relative to the masker response was plotted as a function of the MPI to form a recovery function. The latency shift for
the probe response relative to the masker response was calculated. Results: The recovery function was approximately linear in log scale of the MPI in NH listeners, while it showed somewhat different recovery patterns with a large intersubject variability in CI users. Specifically, although
the probe response was approximately 60 percent of the masker response for the MPI of 0.7 sec in both groups, the recovery function of CI users displayed a nonlinear pattern, with a steeper slope than that of NH listeners. The probe response completely recovered at the MPI of 4 sec
in NH listeners and at the MPI of 2 sec in CI users. N1 and P2 latencies from probe responses were shorter than those from masker responses in NH listeners, while no latency difference was found between probe responses and masker responses in CI users. Conclusions: Our interpretation
of these findings is that the faster recovery of the LAEP in CI users is related to abnormal adaptation mechanisms and a less prominent role of the components with longer latencies in the LAEP of CI users. Other mechanisms such as the compromised inhibitory regulation in the auditory system
and the aging effect in CI users might also play a role. More research needs to be done to determine whether the slope of the LAEP recovery function is correlated with speech-perception performance.
Biodiversity of mannose-specific adhesion in Lactobacillus plantarum revisited: strain-specific domain composition of the mannose-adhesin
Authors: Gross G. , Snel J. , Boekhorst J. , Smits M. , Kleerebezem M.
Published: July 2009

Recently, we have identified the mannose-specific adhesin encoding gene (msa) of Lactobacillus plantarum. In the current study, structure and function of this potentially probiotic effector gene were further investigated, exploring genetic diversity of msa in L. plantarum in relation to mannose adhesion capacity. The results demonstrate that there is considerable variation in quantitative in vitro mannose adhesion capacity, which is paralleled by msa gene sequence variation. The msa genes of different L. plantarum strains encode proteins with variable domain composition. Construction of L. plantarum 299v mutant strains revealed that the msa gene product is the key-protein for mannose adhesion, also in a strain with high mannose adhering capacity. However, no straightforward correlation between adhesion capacity and domain composition of Msa in L. plantarum could be identified. Nevertheless, differences in Msa sequences in combination with variable genetic background of specific bacterial strains appears to determine mannose adhesion capacity and potentially affects probiotic properties. These findings exemplify the strain-specificity of probiotic characteristics and illustrate the need for careful and molecular selection of new candidate probiotics.
Concomitant Inhalation of Cigarette Smoke and Aerosolized Protein Activates Airway Dendritic Cells and Induces Allergic Airway Inflammation in a TLR-Independent Way
Authors: Robays Lander J. , Lanckacker Ellen A. , Moerloose Katrien B. , Maes Tania , Bracke Ken R. , Brusselle Guy G. , Joos Guy F. , Vermaelen Karim Y.
Published: July 2009

Cigarette smoking is associated with the development of allergic asthma. In mice, exposure to cigarette smoke sensitizes the airways toward coinhaled OVA, leading to OVA-specific allergic inflammation. Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs involved in immunosurveillance and implicated in the induction of allergic responses in lung. We investigated the effects of smoking on some of the key features of pulmonary DC biology, including trafficking dynamics and cellular activation status in different lung compartments. We found that cigarette smoke inhalation greatly amplified DC-mediated transport of inhaled Ags to mediastinal lymph nodes, a finding supported by the up-regulation of CCR7 on airway DCs. Pulmonary plasmacytoid DCs, which have been involved in inhalational tolerance, were reduced in number after smoke exposure. In addition, combined exposure to cigarette smoke and OVA aerosol increased surface expression of MHC class II, CD86, and PDL2 on airway DCs, while ICOSL was strongly down-regulated. Although inhaled endotoxins, which are also present in cigarette smoke, have been shown to act as DC activators and Th2-skewing sensitizers, TLR4-deficient and MyD88 knockout mice did not show impaired eosinophilic airway inflammation after concomitant exposure to cigarette smoke and OVA. From these data, we conclude that cigarette smoke activates the pulmonary DC network in a pattern that favors allergic airway sensitization toward coinhaled inert protein. The TLR independency of this phenomenon suggests that alternative immunological adjuvants are present in cigarette smoke.
A Panel of Artificial APCs Expressing Prevalent HLA Alleles Permits Generation of Cytotoxic T Cells Specific for Both Dominant and Subdominant Viral Epitopes for Adoptive Therapy
Authors: Hasan Aisha N. , Kollen Wouter J. , Trivedi Deepa , Selvakumar Annamalai , Dupont Bo , Sadelain Michel , O'Reilly Richard J.
Published: July 2009

Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells can treat infections complicating allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. However, autologous APCs are often limited in supply. In this study, we describe a panel of artificial APCs (AAPCs) consisting of murine 3T3 cells transduced to express human B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 that each stably express one of a series of six common HLA class I alleles. In comparative analyses, T cells sensitized with AAPCs expressing a shared HLA allele or autologous APCs loaded with a pool of 15-mer spanning the sequence of CMVpp65 produced similar yields of HLA-restricted CMVpp65-specific T cells; significantly higher yields could be achieved by sensitization with AAPCs transduced to express the CMVpp65 protein. T cells generated were CD8+, IFN-γ+, and exhibited HLA-restricted CMVpp65-specific cytotoxicity. T cells sensitized with either peptide-loaded or transduced AAPCs recognized epitopes presented by each HLA allele known to be immunogenic in humans. Sensitization with AAPCs also permitted expansion of IFN-γ+ cytotoxic effector cells against subdominant epitopes that were either absent or in low frequencies in T cells sensitized with autologous APCs. This replenishable panel of AAPCs can be used for immediate sensitization and expansion of virus-specific T cells of desired HLA restriction for adoptive immunotherapy. It may be of particular value for recipients of transplants from HLA-disparate donors.
Co-morbidity of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Syphilis, among victims of sexual assaults in Transkei region, South Africa
Authors: Meel Banwari L.
Published: July 2009

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis B and syphilis have a common mode of transmission, which is through sexual intercourse. These are also transmitted percutaneously and by blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis among victims of sexual assault by analysing serology results.Method: This is a record review of victims of sexual assault who attended the Sinawe Centre (a clinic for victims of sexual assault) between January and December 2004.Results: A total of 188 victims of sexual assault was reported. 35 (19.8%) tested HIV sero-positive. Hepatitis B antibodies were detected in seven (7.6%) and syphilis serology (RPR) was positive in five (2.9%). All were under 50 years of age, except one victim. Of the 35 who tested positive, 30 were below 30 years of age. Of those who were 30 years and younger, 12 were between 21 and 30 years old, 16 were between 11 and 20 years old and two were younger than 10. None was positive for all three tests. Two were positive for hepatitis B and HIV and two were positive for RPR and HIV.Conclusion: No significant co-morbidity of HIV, hepatitis B or syphilis was observed in this study, even though these diseases have the same mode of transmission.
Demographics and Practice Attributes of Physician Assistants in Neurology
Authors: Bruza-Augatis Mirela , Hudak Nicholas M. , Hooker Roderick S. , Puckett Kasey , Kozikowski Andrzej
Published: February 2025

This cohort study examined demographic and practice characteristics of physician assistants in neurology compared with those in all other specialties.
Accelerated Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression
Authors: Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Daniels Hadley , Lochhead Liam , Bacio Bianca , Cash Robin , Weissman Cory R. , Kohn Jordan N. , Hadas Itay , Daskalakis Zafiris J.
Published: February 2025

This randomized clinical trial evaluates the effect of accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation, compared with sham stimulation, on depression severity in individuals with treatment-resistant bipolar depression.
Classification of acute myeloid leukemia based on multi‐omics and prognosis prediction value
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Zhe , Zhang Guangji , Hou Jiangxue , Liu Kaiqi , Wei Shuning , Li Yan , Zhou Chunlin , Lin Dong , Wang Min , Wei Hui , Wang Jianxiang , Cheng Tao , Mi Yingchang
Published: February 2025

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous cancer, making outcomes prediction challenging. Several predictive and prognostic models are used but have considerable inaccuracy at individual level. We tried to increase prediction accuracy using a multi‐omics strategy. We interrogated data from 1391 consecutive, newly diagnosed subjects with AML, integrating information on mutation topography, DNA methylation, and transcriptomics. We developed an unsupervised multi‐omics classification system (UAMOCS) with these data. UAMOCS provides a multidimensional understanding of AML heterogeneity and stratifies subjects into three cohorts: (a) UAMOCS1 [high lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3) expression, chromosome instability, myelodysplasia‐related mutations]; (b) UAMOCS2 (monocytic‐like profile, immune suppression and activated angiogenesis and hypoxia pathways); and (c) UAMOCS3 [CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) mutations and MYC pathway activation]. UAMOCS distinguishes overall survival rates across the cohorts (TCGA P = 0.042; GSE71014 P = 0.043; ihCAMs‐AML, GSE102691 and GSE37642 all P < 0.001). The model's C‐statistic is comparable to the 2022 ELN risk classification (0.87 vs 0.82; P = 0.162), but offers a more nuanced distinction between intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups. When combined with high‐throughput drug sensitivity testing, UAMOCS can accurately predict sensitivity to azacitidine (AZA) and venetoclax. The UAMOCS system is available as an R package. The UAMOCS system has the potential to redefine AML subtypes, enhance prognostic predictions, and guide treatment strategies based on patients' immune status and expected responses to therapies.
Acacetin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress through the P‐eNOS/PERK signaling pathway to attenuate MGO‐induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Hu Kaien , Fang Zhaohui , Wang Sihai , Chen Jie , Yin Dengke , Zhang Caiyun , Ma Gefei
Published: February 2025

Diabetic macrovascular disease is one of the most morbid and deadly complications of diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in diabetic macrovascular complications and endothelial cell apoptosis is one of the key indicators of endothelial dysfunction. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound generated during glycolysis, is related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and may also promote endothelial dysfunction. Acacetin (ACA) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that can inhibit apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation to slow the progression of coronary heart disease; however, its effects on endothelial dysfunction are unknown. The present study investigated whether ACA may ameliorate MGO‐induced endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results revealed that the viability and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by MGO decreased after ACA treatment, which was reflected in the expression levels of the apoptosis‐related proteins b‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2)‐associated death, Bcl‐2‐associated x protein and Bcl‐2. Additionally, ACA downregulated the expression of key protein markers of MGO‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, physical evidence recovery kit, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha, activating transcription factor 4 and C/EBP homologous protein, with which calcium inward currents may be closely related. ACA significantly downregulated the MGO‐induced expression of the cytosolic calcium channel proteins stromal interaction molecule 1, transient receptor potential canonical 1, ORAI calcium release‐activated calcium modulator 1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 4, and the trans‐endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, transmembrane and coiled‐coil domains 1. Finally, ACA increased the expression of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177), thus increasing the expression of nitric oxide in endothelial cells. Overall, acacetin could reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress through the phosphorylated‐endothelial nitric oxide/physical evidence recovery kit signaling pathway to attenuate MGO‐induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. These findings may hold potential for the use of acacetin in diabetic macrovascular complications.
Assessment of concurrent neoplasms and a paraneoplastic association in MOGAD
Authors: Kwon Young Nam , Tisavipat Nanthaya , Guo Yong , Syc‐Mazurek Stephanie B. , Han Ji Yeon , Kim Jun‐Soon , Choi Kyomin , Oh Seong‐il , Choi Seok‐Jin , Sohn Eunhee , Oh Jeeyoung , Kim Seung Woo , Shin Ha Young , Lim Byung Chan , Kim Byoung Joon , Park Kyung Seok , Sung Jung‐Joon , Kim Se Hoon , Park Sung‐Hye , Zekeridou Anastasia , Lucchinetti Claudia F. , Pittock Sean J. , Chen John J. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Kim Sung‐Min
Published: February 2025

Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) co‐occurring with neoplasms have been reported. In this international, retrospective cohort study in South Korea and the USA, 16 of 445 (3.6%) patients with MOGAD had concurrent neoplasm within 2 years of MOGAD onset, resulting in a standardized incidence ratio for neoplasm of 3.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77–4.81; P < 0.001) when compared to the age‐ and country‐adjusted incidence of neoplasm in the general population. However, none of the nine tumor tissues obtained demonstrated MOG immunostaining. The slightly increased frequency without immunohistopathological evidence suggest with true paraneoplastic MOGAD is extremely rare.
Designing a Filtered Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller With Disturbance Rejection for a Nonideal Buck Converter Utilizing an Upgraded Genetic Algorithm and Pattern Search
Authors: Ersali Cihan , Hekimoğlu Baran , Yilmaz Musa
Published: February 2025

This research introduces an enhanced metaheuristic algorithm named GAPS, a combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) with tournament selection (TS) and the pattern search (PS) algorithm. The primary objective is improving GA's capacity for exploring and exploiting potential solutions. The proposed algorithm optimizes a Nonideal buck converter's output voltage controlled by a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller with an added low‐pass filter (PID‐N‐F). The algorithm is carefully designed, incorporating a strategically imposed crossover frequency constraint to counteract signal noise at higher frequencies. This approach ensures robust performance in the presence of various disturbances. The algorithm's effectiveness is evaluated using statistical box plots and by comparing convergence rates with the standard GA method. It is also compared how the GAPS‐optimized PID‐N‐F controller performs in the buck converter relative to the standard GA approach and classical pole placement (PP) method. The comprehensive evaluation covers robustness analysis, frequency and transient responses, load and input voltage variation as disturbance rejection. The results indicate that the GAPS‐based system performs better than the GA‐ and PP‐based systems in various aspects. These findings affirm the GAPS‐based system's superior stability, efficiency, and robustness relative to the GA‐ and PP‐based alternatives.
Oxide‐Based Ceramic Matrix Composites for High‐Temperature Environments: A Review
Authors: Ramachandran Karthikeyan , Bear Joseph C. , Jayaseelan Doni Daniel
Published: February 2025

The increase in demand for more efficient gas turbine engines has driven the advancement of new materials and their specific requirements. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have emerged as promising materials for aerospace applications due to their stability at high temperatures and their superior weight‐to‐thrust ratio compared to Ni‐based superalloys. Within the realm of CMCs, oxide‐based variants stand out for their exceptional oxidation resistance and thermo‐mechanical properties. While oxide‐based CMCs offer superior qualities at a lower manufacturing cost, their adoption remains rather limited in comparison to non‐oxide CMCs. This limitation stems from their higher thermal expansion coefficient and reduced operational temperature. This review delves into the processing techniques, material composition, and fiber architecture design of oxide‐based CMCs. Additionally, it explores their mechanical properties and investigates failure mechanisms such as fiber debonding, delamination, and fiber pull‐outs in various thermo‐mechanical environments to ascertain their stability across diverse applications. To widely comprehend the usage of oxide‐based CMCs in aerospace applications, this review thoroughly examines their corrosion behavior and delineates effective prevention methods. The corrosion characteristics of oxide‐based CMCs are critically evaluated, along with a nuanced exploration of their potential applications beyond aerospace, encompassing sectors like nuclear power and other industries.
Effects of Processing Conditions of a Ball‐Milled Fe65Co35 Soft Ferromagnetic Alloy on the Structural, Thermal, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Daza Jason , Curbelo‐Cano Zaida , Montero Cristina M. , Ben Mbarek Wael , Escoda Lluïsa , Saurina Joan , Palmero Ester M. , Bollero Alberto , Bruna Pere , Suñol Joan‐Josep
Published: February 2025

The Fe65Co35 alloy is a well‐known Fe‐based soft ferromagnetic alloy with excellent soft magnetic properties, which make it a strong candidate to be used in technological applications. In the present work, synthesizing nanoscrystalline Fe65Co35 alloy by mechanical alloying is focused on, adding cyclohexane (C6H12) acting as a process control agent (PCA). PCAs are effective in favoring nanostructured alloys with uniform grain size. The production of this type of alloy is a promising approach to tune the magnetic hardness in Fe65Co35. Structural, thermal, morphological, and magnetic properties have been studied after milling for 10, 25, and 50 h with and without the PCA. In the structural analysis, it is shown that the cubic α‐Fe(Co) phase is the predominant phase in all samples. The use of the PCA favors its nanocrystallinity; however, it slows Co diffusion into the Fe matrix. Thermal analysis detects an endothermic process between 525 and 575 °C in the samples milled with C6H12 only. This is associated with the transition of the residual Fe3Co superlattice, to the stable α‐Fe(Co). The effect of the residual Fe3Co at room temperature on the magnetic properties is twofold, by decreasing the saturation magnetization of Fe65Co35 but increasing both remanent magnetization and coercivity.
All Ceramic Wideband Dielectric Patch Antenna Using Temperature‐Stable High‐Permittivity Ba4.5(Sm0.8La0.2)9Ti18O54 Microwave Dielectric Ceramic for 5G Applications
Authors: Shehbaz Muhammad , Du Chao , Niaz Muhammad Wasif , Yao Xiao‐Gang , Peng Haiyi , Lin Hui‐Xing , Shi Zhong‐Qi , Xu Di‐Ming , Xia Song , Pang Yong‐Qiang , Zhou Di
Published: February 2025

Driven by the demand of low profile, wide bandwidth, high gain, and high radiation efficiency, dielectric patch antenna (DPA) has become an important innovation for antenna technology due to its limitless potential for futuristic applications. This article discusses all ceramic wideband DPA using high permittivity temperature‐stable low‐loss Ba4.5(Sm0.8La0.2)9Ti18O54 (BSLT) microwave dielectric ceramic prepared by solid‐state reaction method at sintering temperature of 1380 °C. The fabricated ceramic has excellent microwave dielectric properties with permittivity (εr) 90.0, high Q × f value (Q = quality factor, f = resonant frequency) 8230 @ 3.54 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) +2.8 ppm °C−1. The main characteristic of designed DPA is its unique structure and design, where both patch and ground plane are made up of high εr, low loss, temperature‐stable microwave dielectric ceramic. Wideband performance is realized by using air substrate and disk‐loaded probe between ground and radiating patch. The fabricated DPA has wide bandwidth of 46.8% and measured realized gain of 6.5 dBi. Due to its excellent microwave properties and radiation performance, the proposed DPA is envisaged to have promising applications for 5G communication systems.