bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The related factors of new HIV infection among older men in Sichuan, China: a case–control study
Authors: Yuan Feng-shun , Liu Li , Su Ling , Zeng Ya-li , Liang Shu
Published: August 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been widely prevalent among older men (aged ≥50 years old) in Sichuan Province. The study aimed to discover associated factors with the new HIV infection in older men, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in this group. A cross-sectional survey study of newly reported HIV/AIDS and general male residents aged 50 years and older was conducted between April and June 2019, with a resample of respondents to identify cases and controls, followed by a case–control study. Logistic regression was applied to analyse the association between the selected factors and new HIV infection among older men. At last, 242 cases and 968 controls were included. The results of multiple logistic regression suggested that many factors including living alone/concentrated (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20–2.04, P = 0.001), have a history of migrant worker (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.61–2.73, P < 0.001), have commercial sexual behaviour (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.32–2.22, P < 0.001), married (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37–0.64, P < 0.001), have a history of HIV antibody testing (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.96, P = 0.026), HIV-related knowledge (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42–0.72, P < 0.001) were associated with new HIV infection among older men. The present study revealed some potential risky/protective factors altogether. The results highlighted the direction of HIV/AIDS prevention and control among older men, and it is a social issue that requires the joint participation of the whole society.
Avoiding catastrophic collapse in small-scale fisheries through inefficient cooperation: evidence from a framed field experiment
Authors: Lindahl Therese , Jarungrattanapong Rawadee
Published: August 2022

Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are significant for poverty alleviation, but are threatened by over-exploitation and climate change effects such as drastic drops in regrowth rates. How will fishers adapt? To shed light on this, we ran a common-pool resource experiment with SSF fishers in Thailand. Our results show that groups confronted with a potential abrupt drop in the regrowth rate are more likely to form cooperative agreements compared to groups not confronted with such a drop, which theory cannot predict. However, groups that form cooperative agreements do not necessarily manage the resource efficiently; many groups under-exploit. Over-exploitation is driven by individual characteristics, e.g., if individuals can diversify income, and if they are born outside the village. We conclude that more systematic exploration of the role of socio-economic factors, and how these factors interact with ecological conditions facing fishers, are needed. Our work can be seen as one step in this direction.
Non-enzymatic heparanase enhances gastric tumor proliferation via TFEB-dependent autophagy
Authors: Yang Min , Tang Bo , Wang Sumin , Tang Li , Wen Dalin , Vlodavsky Israel , Yang Shi-Ming
Published: August 2022

Heparanase (HPA) is the predominant enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate and plays a critical role in a variety of pathophysiological processes. HPA activity has been traditionally correlated with tumor metastasis due to participation in the cleavage and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Apart from its well-characterized catalytic properties, HPA was noticed to exert biological functions not rely on its enzymatic activity. This feature is supported by studies showing induction of signaling events, such as Src and AKT, by nonenzymatic HPA mutant. We provide evidence here that active HPA and inactive HPA mutant proteins enhance gastric cancer cell growth, possibly attributed to TFEB-mediated autophagy. Similarly, HPA gene silencing resulted in decreased gastric cancer cell proliferation and autophagy. Besides, TFEB inhibition reduced cell growth and autophagy induced by nonenzymatic HPA. Notably, HPA and TFEB were significantly elevated in gastric carcinomas compared with the adjacent gastric tissue. Moreover, the elevation of HPA gene expression and upregulation of TFEB levels have been associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of gastric cancer, providing strong clinical support for a connection between TFEB and HPA. Thus, neutralizing the nonenzymatic function of HPA and the related TFEB-driven autophagy may profoundly impact gastric cancer progression.
PKR and TLR3 trigger distinct signals that coordinate the induction of antiviral apoptosis
Authors: Zuo Wenjie , Wakimoto Mai , Kozaiwa Noriyasu , Shirasaka Yutaro , Oh Seong-Wook , Fujiwara Shiori , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kogure Amane , Kato Hiroki , Fujita Takashi
Published: August 2022

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), protein kinase R (PKR), and endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) sense viral non-self RNA and are involved in cell fate determination. However, the mechanisms by which intracellular RNA induces apoptosis, particularly the role of each RNA sensor, remain unclear. We performed cytoplasmic injections of different types of RNA and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying viral dsRNA-induced apoptosis. The results obtained revealed that short 5′-triphosphate dsRNA, the sole ligand of RIG-I, induced slow apoptosis in a fraction of cells depending on IRF-3 transcriptional activity and IFN-I production. However, intracellular long dsRNA was sensed by PKR and TLR3, which activate distinct signals, and synergistically induced rapid apoptosis. PKR essentially induced translational arrest, resulting in reduced levels of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein and functioned in the TLR3/TRIF-dependent activation of caspase 8. The present results demonstrated that PKR and TLR3 were both essential for inducing the viral RNA-mediated apoptosis of infected cells and the arrest of viral production.
Spidroin N-terminal domain forms amyloid-like fibril based hydrogels and provides a protein immobilization platform
Authors: Arndt Tina , Jaudzems Kristaps , Shilkova Olga , Francis Juanita , Johansson Mathias , Laity Peter R. , Sahin Cagla , Chatterjee Urmimala , Kronqvist Nina , Barajas-Ledesma Edgar , Kumar Rakesh , Chen Gefei , Strömberg Roger , Abelein Axel , Langton Maud , Landreh Michael , Barth Andreas , Holland Chris , Johansson Jan , Rising Anna
Published: August 2022

Recombinant spider silk proteins (spidroins) have multiple potential applications in development of novel biomaterials, but their multimodal and aggregation-prone nature have complicated production and straightforward applications. Here, we report that recombinant miniature spidroins, and importantly also the N-terminal domain (NT) on its own, rapidly form self-supporting and transparent hydrogels at 37 °C. The gelation is caused by NT α-helix to β-sheet conversion and formation of amyloid-like fibrils, and fusion proteins composed of NT and green fluorescent protein or purine nucleoside phosphorylase form hydrogels with intact functions of the fusion moieties. Our findings demonstrate that recombinant NT and fusion proteins give high expression yields and bestow attractive properties to hydrogels, e.g., transparency, cross-linker free gelation and straightforward immobilization of active proteins at high density.
The origin of jerky dislocation motion in high-entropy alloys
Authors: Utt Daniel , Lee Subin , Xing Yaolong , Jeong Hyejin , Stukowski Alexander , Oh Sang Ho , Dehm Gerhard , Albe Karsten
Published: August 2022

Dislocations in single-phase concentrated random alloys, including high-entropy alloys (HEAs), repeatedly encounter pinning during glide, resulting in jerky dislocation motion. While solute-dislocation interaction is well understood in conventional alloys, the origin of individual pinning points in concentrated random alloys is a matter of debate. In this work, we investigate the origin of dislocation pinning in the CoCrFeMnNi HEA. In-situ transmission electron microscopy studies reveal wavy dislocation lines and a jagged glide motion under external loading, even though no segregation or clustering is found around Shockley partial dislocations. Atomistic simulations reproduce the jerky dislocation motion and link the repeated pinning to local fluctuations in the Peierls friction. We demonstrate that the density of high local Peierls friction is proportional to the critical stress required for dislocation glide and the dislocation mobility.
Secure human action recognition by encrypted neural network inference
Authors: Kim Miran , Jiang Xiaoqian , Lauter Kristin , Ismayilzada Elkhan , Shams Shayan
Published: August 2022

Advanced computer vision technology can provide near real-time home monitoring to support “aging in place” by detecting falls and symptoms related to seizures and stroke. Affordable webcams, together with cloud computing services (to run machine learning algorithms), can potentially bring significant social benefits. However, it has not been deployed in practice because of privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a strategy that uses homomorphic encryption to resolve this dilemma, which guarantees information confidentiality while retaining action detection. Our protocol for secure inference can distinguish falls from activities of daily living with 86.21% sensitivity and 99.14% specificity, with an average inference latency of 1.2 seconds and 2.4 seconds on real-world test datasets using small and large neural nets, respectively. We show that our method enables a 613x speedup over the latency-optimized LoLa and achieves an average of 3.1x throughput increase in secure inference compared to the throughput-optimized nGraph-HE2.
Piperazine-derived lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to immune cells in vivo
Authors: Ni Huanzhen , Hatit Marine Z. C. , Zhao Kun , Loughrey David , Lokugamage Melissa P. , Peck Hannah E. , Cid Ada Del , Muralidharan Abinaya , Kim YongTae , Santangelo Philip J. , Dahlman James E.
Published: August 2022

In humans, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have safely delivered therapeutic RNA to hepatocytes after systemic administration and to antigen-presenting cells after intramuscular injection. However, systemic RNA delivery to non-hepatocytes remains challenging, especially without targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, or aptamers. Here we report that piperazine-containing ionizable lipids (Pi-Lipids) preferentially deliver mRNA to immune cells in vivo without targeting ligands. After synthesizing and characterizing Pi-Lipids, we use high-throughput DNA barcoding to quantify how 65 chemically distinct LNPs functionally delivered mRNA (i.e., mRNA translated into functional, gene-editing protein) in 14 cell types directly in vivo. By analyzing the relationships between lipid structure and cellular targeting, we identify lipid traits that increase delivery in vivo. In addition, we characterize Pi-A10, an LNP that preferentially delivers mRNA to the liver and splenic immune cells at the clinically relevant dose of 0.3 mg/kg. These data demonstrate that high-throughput in vivo studies can identify nanoparticles with natural non-hepatocyte tropism and support the hypothesis that lipids with bioactive small-molecule motifs can deliver mRNA in vivo.
Strigolactones are chemoattractants for host tropism in Orobanchaceae parasitic plants
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Cui Songkui , White Alexandra R. F. , Nelson David C. , Yoshida Satoko , Shirasu Ken
Published: August 2022

Parasitic plants are worldwide threats that damage major agricultural crops. To initiate infection, parasitic plants have developed the ability to locate hosts and grow towards them. This ability, called host tropism, is critical for parasite survival, but its underlying mechanism remains mostly unresolved. To characterise host tropism, we used the model facultative root parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum, a member of the Orobanchaceae. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) function as host-derived chemoattractants. Chemotropism to SLs is also found in Striga hermonthica, a parasitic member of the Orobanchaceae, but not in non-parasites. Intriguingly, chemotropism to SLs in P. japonicum is attenuated in ammonium ion-rich conditions, where SLs are perceived, but the resulting asymmetrical accumulation of the auxin transporter PIN2 is diminished. P. japonicum encodes putative receptors that sense exogenous SLs, whereas expression of a dominant-negative form reduces its chemotropic ability. We propose a function for SLs as navigators for parasite roots.
Efficient separation of butane isomers via ZIF-8 slurry on laboratory- and pilot-scale
Authors: Yang Mingke , Wang Huishan , Zuo Julian Y. , Deng Chun , Liu Bei , Chai Liya , Li Kun , Xiao Han , Xiao Peng , Wang Xiaohui , Chen Wan , Peng Xiaowan , Han Yu , Huang Zixuan , Dong Baocan , Sun Changyu , Chen Guangjin
Published: August 2022

n-butane and isobutane are important petrochemical raw materials. Their separation is challenging because of their similar properties, including boiling point. Here, we report a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)/N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU)-water slurry as sorption material to separate butane mixtures. The isobutane/n-butane selectivity of ZIF-8/DMPU-water slurries is as high as 890 with high kinetic performance, which transcends the upper limit of various separation materials or membranes reported in the literature. More encouragingly, a continuous pilot separation device was established, and the test results show that the purity and recovery ratio of isobutane product are 99.46 mol% and 87%, respectively, which are superior to the corresponding performance (98.56 mol% and 54%) of the industrial distillation tower. To the best of our knowledge, the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas separation in pilot scale remains underexplored, and thus this work provides a step forward to the commercial application of MOFs in gas separation.
Chalcogen bond-guided conformational isomerization enables catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution of sulfoxides
Authors: Liu Jianjian , Zhou Mali , Deng Rui , Zheng Pengcheng , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: August 2022

Conformational isomerization can be guided by weak interactions such as chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions. Here we report a catalytic strategy for asymmetric access to chiral sulfoxides by employing conformational isomerization and chalcogen bonding interactions. The reaction involves a sulfoxide bearing two aldehyde moieties as the substrate that, according to structural analysis and DFT calculations, exists as a racemic mixture due to the presence of an intramolecular chalcogen bond. This chalcogen bond formed between aldehyde (oxygen atom) and sulfoxide (sulfur atom), induces a conformational locking effect, thus making the symmetric sulfoxide as a racemate. In the presence of N–heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as catalyst, the aldehyde moiety activated by the chalcogen bond selectively reacts with an alcohol to afford the corresponding chiral sulfoxide products with excellent optical purities. This reaction involves a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process enabled by conformational locking and facile isomerization by chalcogen bonding interactions.
Visualization of conformational changes and membrane remodeling leading to genome delivery by viral class-II fusion machinery
Authors: Mangala Prasad Vidya , Blijleven Jelle S. , Smit Jolanda M. , Lee Kelly K.
Published: August 2022

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a human pathogen that delivers its genome to the host cell cytoplasm through endocytic low pH-activated membrane fusion mediated by class-II fusion proteins. Though structures of prefusion, icosahedral CHIKV are available, structural characterization of virion interaction with membranes has been limited. Here, we have used cryo-electron tomography to visualize CHIKV’s complete membrane fusion pathway, identifying key intermediary glycoprotein conformations coupled to membrane remodeling events. Using sub-tomogram averaging, we elucidate features of the low pH-exposed virion, nucleocapsid and full-length E1-glycoprotein’s post-fusion structure. Contrary to class-I fusion systems, CHIKV achieves membrane apposition by protrusion of extended E1-glycoprotein homotrimers into the target membrane. The fusion process also features a large hemifusion diaphragm that transitions to a wide pore for intact nucleocapsid delivery. Our analyses provide comprehensive ultrastructural insights into the class-II virus fusion system function and direct mechanistic characterization of the fundamental process of protein-mediated membrane fusion.
Expression plasticity regulates intraspecific variation in the acclimatization potential of a reef-building coral
Authors: Drury Crawford , Dilworth Jenna , Majerová Eva , Caruso Carlo , Greer Justin B.
Published: August 2022

Phenotypic plasticity is an important ecological and evolutionary response for organisms experiencing environmental change, but the ubiquity of this capacity within coral species and across symbiont communities is unknown. We exposed ten genotypes of the reef-building coralMontipora capitatawith divergent symbiont communities to four thermal pre-exposure profiles and quantified gene expression before stress testing 4 months later. Here we show two pre-exposure profiles significantly enhance thermal tolerance despite broadly different expression patterns and substantial variation in acclimatization potential based on coral genotype. There was no relationship between a genotype’s basal thermal sensitivity and ability to acquire heat tolerance, including in corals harboring naturally tolerant symbionts, which illustrates the potential for additive improvements in coral response to climate change. These results represent durable improvements from short-term stress hardening of reef-building corals and substantial cryptic complexity in the capacity for plasticity.
PKD1 and PKD2 mRNA cis-inhibition drives polycystic kidney disease progression
Authors: Lakhia Ronak , Ramalingam Harini , Chang Chun-Mien , Cobo-Stark Patricia , Biggers Laurence , Flaten Andrea , Alvarez Jesus , Valencia Tania , Wallace Darren P. , Lee Edmund C. , Patel Vishal
Published: August 2022

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), among the most common human genetic conditions and a frequent etiology of kidney failure, is primarily caused by heterozygousPKD1mutations. Kidney cyst formation occurs whenPKD1dosage falls below a critical threshold. However, no framework exists to harness the remaining allele or reversePKD1decline. Here, we show that mRNAs produced by the noninactivatedPKD1allele are repressed via their 3′-UTR miR-17 binding element. Eliminating this motif (Pkd1∆17) improves mRNA stability, raises Polycystin-1 levels, and alleviates cyst growth in cellular, ex vivo, and mouse PKD models. Remarkably,Pkd2is also inhibited via its 3′-UTR miR-17 motif, andPkd2∆17-induced Polycystin-2 derepression retards cyst growth inPkd1-mutant models. Moreover, acutely blockingPkd1/2cis-inhibition, including after cyst onset, attenuates murine PKD. Finally, modelingPKD1∆17orPKD2∆17alleles in patient-derived primary ADPKD cultures leads to smaller cysts, reduced proliferation, lower pCreb1 expression, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, evading 3′-UTR cis-interference and enhancingPKD1/2mRNA translation is a potentially mutation-agnostic ADPKD-arresting approach.
Vibration control of a nonlinear cantilever beam operating in the 3D space
Authors: Pham Phuong-Tung , Nguyen Quoc Chi , Yoon Mahnjung , Hong Keum-Shik
Published: August 2022

This paper addresses a control problem of a nonlinear cantilever beam with translating base in the three-dimensional space, wherein the coupled nonlinear dynamics of the transverse, lateral, and longitudinal vibrations of the beam and the base’s motions are considered. The control scheme employs two control inputs applied to the beam’s base to control the base’s position while simultaneously suppressing the beam’s transverse, lateral, and longitudinal vibrations. According to the Hamilton principle, a hybrid model describing the nonlinear coupling dynamics of the beam and the base is established: This model consists of three partial differential equations representing the beam’s dynamics and two ordinary differential equations representing the base’s dynamics. Subsequently, the control laws are designed to move the base to the desired position and attenuate the beam’s vibrations in all three directions. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proven via the Lyapunov method. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed control scheme is illustrated via the simulation results.
The abundance and persistence of Caprinae populations
Authors: Harris Grant M. , Butler Matthew J. , Stewart David R. , Cain James W.
Published: August 2022

Stable or growing populations may go extinct when their sizes cannot withstand large swings in temporal variation and stochastic forces. Hence, the minimum abundance threshold defining when populations can persist without human intervention forms a key conservation parameter. We identify this threshold for many populations of Caprinae, typically threatened species lacking demographic data. Doing so helps triage conservation and management actions for threatened or harvested populations. Methodologically, we used population projection matrices and simulations, with starting abundance, recruitment, and adult female survival predicting future abundance, growth rate (λ), and population trend. We incorporated mean demographic rates representative of Caprinae populations and corresponding variances from desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), as a proxy for Caprinae sharing similar life histories. We found a population’s minimum abundance resulting in ≤ 0.01 chance of quasi-extinction (QE; population ≤ 5 adult females) in 10 years and ≤ 0.10 QE in 30 years as 50 adult females, or 70 were translocation (removals) pursued. Discovering the threshold required 3 demographic parameters. We show, however, that monitoring populations’ relationships to this threshold requires only abundance and recruitment data. This applied approach avoids the logistical and cost hurdles in measuring female survival, making assays of population persistence more practical.
Translating CO$$_2$$ variability in a plant growth system into plant dynamics
Authors: Ahn Tae In , Jung Je Hyeong , Kim Hyoung Seok , Lee Ju Young
Published: August 2022

Plant growth occurs owing to the continuous interactions between environmental and genetic factors, and the analysis of plant growth provides crucial information on plant responses. Recent agronomic and analytical methodologies for plant growth require various channels for capturing broader and more dynamic plant traits. In this study, we provide a method of non-invasive growth analyses by translating CO$$_2$$

2

variability around a plant. We hypothesized that the cumulative coefficient of variation (CCV) of plant-driven ambient CO$$_2$$

2

variation in a plant growth system could yield a numerical indicator that is connected to the plant growth dynamics. Using the system outside-plant growth system-plant coupled dynamic model, we found that the CCV could translate dynamic plant growth under environmental and biophysical constraints. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated the application of CCV by using non-airtight growth chamber systems. Our findings may enrich plant growth information channels and assist growers or researchers to analyze plant growth comprehensively.
Long non-coding RNA DARS-AS1 promotes tumor progression by directly suppressing PACT-mediated cellular stress
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Lin Kequan , Zhu Lin , Wang Huili , Teng Shuaishuai , Huang Lijun , Zhou Shiyi , Zhang Guanbin , Lu Zhi John , Wang Dong
Published: August 2022

Cancer cells evolve various mechanisms to overcome cellular stresses and maintain progression. Protein kinase R (PKR) and its protein activator (PACT) are the initial responders in monitoring diverse stress signals and lead to inhibition of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in consequence. However, the regulation of PACT-PKR pathway in cancer cells remains largely unknown. Herein, we identify that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) aspartyl-tRNA synthetase antisense RNA 1 (DARS-AS1) is directly involved in the inhibition of the PACT-PKR pathway and promotes the proliferation of cancer cells. Using large-scale CRISPRi functional screening of 971 cancer-associated lncRNAs, we find that DARS-AS1 is associated with significantly enhanced proliferation of cancer cells. Accordingly, knocking down DARS-AS1 inhibits cell proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines and promotes cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and significantly reduces tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DARS-AS1 directly binds to the activator domain of PACT and prevents PACT-PKR interaction, thereby decreasing PKR activation, eIF2α phosphorylation and inhibiting apoptotic cell death. Clinically, DARS-AS1 is broadly expressed across multiple cancers and the increased expression of this lncRNA indicates poor prognosis. This study elucidates the lncRNA DARS-AS1 directed cancer-specific modulation of the PACT-PKR pathway and provides another target for cancer prognosis and therapeutic treatment.
Ferroelectricity modulates polaronic coupling at multiferroic interfaces
Authors: Husanu Marius Adrian , Popescu Dana Georgeta , Bisti Federico , Hrib Luminita Mirela , Filip Lucian Dragos , Pasuk Iuliana , Negrea Raluca , Istrate Marian Cosmin , Lev Leonid , Schmitt Thorsten , Pintilie Lucian , Mishchenko Andrey , Teodorescu Cristian Mihail , Strocov Vladimir N.
Published: August 2022

Physics of the multiferroic interfaces is currently understood mostly within a phenomenological framework based on screening of the polarization field and depolarizing charges. Additional effects still unexplored are the band dependence of the interfacial charge modulation and the associated changes of the electron-phonon interaction, coupling the charge and lattice degrees of freedom. Here, multiferroic heterostructures of the colossal-magnetoresistance manganite La1-xSrxMnO3 buried under ferroelectric BaTiO3 and PbZrxTi1-xO3 are investigated using soft-X-ray angle-resolved photoemission. The experimental band dispersions from the buried La1-xSrxMnO3 identify coexisting two-dimensional hole and three-dimensional electron charge carriers. The ferroelectric polarization modulates their charge density, affecting the coupling of the 2D holes and 3D electrons with the lattice which forms large Fröhlich polarons inherently reducing mobility of the charge carriers. Our k-resolved results on the orbital occupancy, band filling and electron-lattice interaction in multiferroic oxide heterostructures modulated by the ferroelectric polarization disclose most fundamental physics of these systems needed for further progress of beyond-CMOS ferro-functional electronics.
Copper metal electrode reversibly hosts fluoride in a 16mKF aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Gallagher Trenton C. , Sandstrom Sean K. , Wu Che-Yu , Stickle William , Fulkerson Calvin R. , Hagglund Lindsey , Ji Xiulei
Published: August 2022

A copper electrode in an electrolyte of 16mKF was reversibly converted to copper fluorideviaa two-electron transfer. The electrode exhibits a reversible capacity of up to 222 mA h g−1with stable cycling for 300 cycles.
A series of nickel(ii) thiocyanate complexes comprising various molar contents of isonicotinamide and water as ligands or co-crystallized moieties – an experimental and computational study
Authors: Hok Lucija , Vianello Robert , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka , Karanović Ljiljana , Roca Sunčica , Jaźwiński Jarosław , Tašner Marina , Vušak Darko , Đaković Marijana , Popović Zora
Published: August 2022

Crystal screening by varying isonicotinamide content added to Ni(ii) thiocyanate in water led to seven nickel complexes, whose structure and altered stoichiometries were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, NMR and IR spectroscopies, and DFT calculations.
Ultralow thermal conductivity and anisotropic thermoelectric performance in layered materials LaMOCh (M = Cu, Ag; Ch = S, Se)
Authors: Ma Jiang-Jiang , Liu Qing-Yi , Liu Peng-Fei , Zhang Ping , Sanyal Biplab , Ouyang Tao , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: August 2022

The naturally layered structure of LaMOCh (M = Cu, Ag; Ch = S, Se) has a significant effect on their ultralow thermal conductivity and anisotropic thermoelectric performance.
Ultrahigh oxygen-doped carbon quantum dots for highly efficient H2O2 production via two-electron electrochemical oxygen reduction
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhang Rong , Zhang Shaoce , Hong Hu , Zhao Yuwei , Huang Zhaodong , Han Cuiping , Li Hongfei , Zhi Chunyi
Published: August 2022

Ultrahigh oxygen doping content in carbon quantum dots enables excellent H2O2 selectivity and great potential in on-site green H2O2 production.
Computational exploration for possible reaction pathways, regioselectivity, and influence of substrate in gold-catalyzed cycloaddition of cyanamides with enynamides
Authors: Zhang Xinghui , Shi Haixiong , Ji Caihong , Wang Jianyi , Jiang Liping
Published: August 2022

The current work focuses on the DFT calculation of the rational mechanism and catalytic activity of the gold(i)-catalyzed isotetradehydro-Diels–Alder cycloaddition of cyanamides and enamides to substituted 2,6-diaminopyridines.
Mutations responsible for the carbapenemase activity of SME-1
Authors: Agarwal Vidhu , Tiwari Akhilesh , Varadwaj Pritish
Published: August 2022

Sequencing, molecular docking and dynamics, analysis of naturally mutated class A β-lactamase SME-1 was done to compared with 13 naturally mutated class A β-lactamase including SHV-1 and wild class A β-lactamase TEM-1.
A review on recent advances in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO with nano-electrocatalysts
Authors: Poon Kee Chun , Wan Wei Yang , Su Haibin , Sato Hirotaka
Published: August 2022

Electrochemical reduction (ECR) of CO2 reduces world’s carbon footprint by converting CO2 to useful products such as CH3OH and CO. This review summarizes recent progress in the ECR of CO2 to CO on nano-electrocatalysts.
Advanced developments in environmentally friendly lubricants for water-based drilling fluid: a review
Authors: Zhao Xiangyang , Li Daqi , Zhu Heming , Ma Jingyuan , An Yuxiu
Published: August 2022

A comprehensive review of the research on water-based drilling fluid lubricants in recent years was carried out, and its types, evaluation methods, and action mechanisms are summarized in detail.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction catalyzed by atomically precise alkynyl-protected Au7Ag8, Ag9Cu6, and Au2Ag8Cu5 nanoclusters: probing the effect of multi-metal core on selectivity
Authors: Ma Xiaoshuang , Sun Fang , Qin Lubing , Liu Yonggang , Kang Xiongwu , Wang Likai , Jiang De-en , Tang Qing , Tang Zhenghua
Published: August 2022

We report the first all-alkynyl-protected Au2Ag8Cu5 cluster, which adopts a M@M8@M6 core configuration similar with Au7Ag8/Ag9Cu6 clusters. The three clusters exhibited strong metal core effect toward CO2RR, which was understood by DFT calculations.
Hydroxynaphthalene–Nb2O5complex photocatalysis for selective aerobic oxidation of amines induced by blue light
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Zhang Fulin , Li Xia , Wang Yuexin , Lang Xianjun
Published: August 2022

Aerobic oxidation of benzylamine to imine by cooperative photocatalysis of DHNS–Nb2O5and TEMPO is viable.
One-pot microwave synthesis of Pd modified titanium dioxide nanocrystals for 3D aerogel monoliths with efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity in a heated gas flow reactor
Authors: Kwon Junggou , Choi Kyoungjun , Tervoort Elena , Niederberger Markus
Published: August 2022

We present a one-pot microwave synthesis of Pd modified titanium dioxide nanocrystals for macroscopic aerogel monoliths, which are efficient visible-light photocatalysts for methanol oxidation in a heated gas flow reactor.
LiV3O8 as an intercalation-type cathode for aqueous aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri , Nithiananth Subramanian , Lee Jun , Kim Jung Ho , Hwang Jang-Yeon , Kim Jaekook
Published: August 2022

Understanding the intercalation process of Al3+ ions in the layered type LiV3O8 cathode for aqueous aluminum ion batteries.
Optimizing the performance of the near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion via modulating the domain size of the chiral nematic phase in co-assembled cellulose nanocrystal composite films
Authors: Feng Kai , Wei Guodan , Lu Mengfan , Gao Naiwei , Wang Yapei , Jin Zhaoxia
Published: August 2022

The self-assembled liquid crystal nanostructure of CNCs provides an effective phase-segregation for PEDOT, thus improving the NIR photothermal performance of CNCs/PEDOT:PSS/OS/TA composites significantly.
Zn-derived ligand engineering towards stable and bright CsPbI3 nanocrystals for white emitting
Authors: Shi Wenbin , Zhang Xiao , Chen Hsueh Shih , Matras-Postolek Katarzyna , Yang Ping
Published: August 2022

Lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), such as red-emitting CsPbI3, have gained significant attention due to their promising applications such as display backlights, light-emitting devices, and lasers.
Was ist bei der Diagnostik des Trockenen Auges zu beachten?
Authors: Jacobi Christina
Published: August 2022

Die komplexe, multifaktorielle Erkrankung „Trockenes Auge“ erfordert für die Diagnostik mehr als ein einziges Testverfahren inklusive einer subjektiven Fragebogenerhebung. Zudem kam es in
den letzten Jahren zu einem Paradigmenwechsel im Verständnis dieser Erkrankung. Dieser erforderte Änderungen in Definition und diagnostischen Strategien und zog die Aktualisierung nationaler
und internationaler Leitlinien (DOG/BVA und DEWS II) nach sich.
Voruntersuchung bei Kataraktoperation
Authors: Müller-Kassner Annika , Kohnen Thomas , Shajari Mehdi
Published: August 2022

Die Kataraktoperation stellt mit etwa 800 000 Operationen pro Jahr eine der häufigsten Operationen in Deutschland dar; aufgrund des demografischen Wandels ist von einem Anstieg in den
nächsten Jahrzehnten auszugehen. Daneben erweitern sich die diagnostischen und operativen Möglichkeiten. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, eine strukturierte, ziel- und patientenorientierte
Voruntersuchung zu planen und individuelle Besonderheiten aufzuzeigen.
Leitfaden – Parenterale Ernährung im ambulanten
Bereich
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C. , Nachbar Julia , Fux Richard , Trapp Reinhild , Schmidt Karen , Viapiano Michael
Published: August 2022

Die Durchführung der parenteralen Ernährung im ambulanten Bereich
wird durch zahlreiche Verunsicherungen behindert. Der niedergelassene Arzt ist
nicht selten unzureichend vertraut mit der komplexen Materie und wendet sich an
die Verordnungsberatung der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung. Typische
Fragen zur parenteralen Ernährung betreffen die Indikation, die
wirtschaftliche Verordnungsweise von Ernährungsprodukten, von
Hilfsmitteln und Verbandstoffen und auch von häuslicher Krankenpflege.
Somit geht es um Evidenz, aber auch um Transparenz und Rechtsicherheit bei der
Anwendung von Dreikammerbeuteln (60-70 % der Anwendungen) und durch
compounding individuell zubereitete Ernährungsbeutel (30-40 %
der Anwendungen). Antworten auf diese Fragen sollen im folgenden Leitfaden
gegeben werden, der im Auftrag der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung
Baden-Württemberg basierend auf aktuellen S3-Leitlinien zum Thema
erstellt wurde. Auf die Risiken eines Ökonomie-basierten Steuerungsmodel
für heimparenterale Ernährung wird eingegangen, da eine solche
Therapievorgabe eine mögliche Einschränkung von Patientenkomfort
und Patientensicherheit bedeuten kann. Der Leitfaden bietet dem niedergelassenen
Arzt nicht nur in Baden-Württemberg eine alternative Orientierung zur
praktischen Durchführung der heimparenteralen Ernährung.
Infusionstherapien, die den in diesem Leitfaden genannten Behandlungskriterien
entsprechen und deren Indikationsstellung, Kontrolle und notwendige Dauer
patientenbezogen durch ausreichende Dokumentation nachgewiesen werden kann,
gelten in der Regel als wirtschaftlich, sagt die Kassenärztlichen
Vereinigung Baden-Württemberg.
NIPEC with Single-Dose Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Saldanha Elroy , Desai Sanjay M. , Patel Dhruv G. , Dhakad Vinod , Joseph Bonny , Ghosh Sandeep , Prakash Varun , Deepti Harsha , Monteiro Ashma
Published: August 2022

Objectives Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous, essentially peritoneal disease. Standard treatment consists of staging, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we intended to assess the effectiveness of single-dose intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC patients.

Materials and Methods A prospective randomized study of 87 patients with advanced EOC was done from January 2017 to May 2021 in a tertiary care center. Patients who underwent primary and interval cytoreduction received a single dose of IP chemotherapy for 24 hours after being divided into four groups: group A, IP cisplatin; group B, IP paclitaxel; group C, IP paclitaxel and cisplatin; and group D, saline. Pre- and postperitoneal IP cytology was assessed along with possible complications.

Statistical Analysis Logistic regression analysis was used to assess for intergroup significance in cytology and complications. Kaplan–Meir analysis was done to assess disease-free survival (DFS).

Results Of 87 patients, 17.2% of patients had FIGO stage IIIA, 47.2% had IIIB, and 35.6% had IIIC. Also, 22 (25.3%) patients were in group A (cisplatin), 22 (25.3%) patients in group B (paclitaxel), 23 (26.4%) in group C (cisplatin and paclitaxel), and 20 (23%) in group D (saline). Cytology samples taken during staging laparotomy were positive, and 48 hours post-IP chemotherapy, 2 (9%) of 22 samples in cisplatin group and 14 (70%) of 20 samples in saline group were positive; all of the post-IP samples in groups B and C were negative. No major morbidity was noted. In our study, DFS in saline group was 15 months, while in IP chemotherapy group it was 28 months and was statistically significant based log-rank test. However, there was no significant difference in DFS between different IP chemotherapy groups.

Conclusion Complete or optimal CRS in advanced EOC does have a possibility of microscopic peritoneal residue. Adjuvant locoregional strategies should be considered to prolong DFS. Single-dose normothermic IP chemotherapy can be offered to the patients with minimal morbidity, and its prognostic benefits are comparable to hyperthermic IP chemotherapy. Future clinical trials are required to validate these protocols.
Spontaneous Migration of Intraperitoneal Mesh into Rectum following Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Patil Aruna R. , Bhat Ravishankar , Basavarajappa Madhusudhana
Published: August 2022

We present a rare case of spontaneous migration of mesh into the anal canal 6 years after laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh placement for ventral hernia. Mesh migration is an uncommon phenomenon with an unclear etiology and is probably attributed to prolonged subclinical infection or foreign body reaction. This is probably the first case in literature to our knowledge, where composite mesh was migrated into the anal canal after a laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh placement and was retrieved in a natural way without surgical intervention.
Compression of the Distal Common Bile Duct by Enlarged Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Branches in a Patient with Celiac Trunk Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Çolaklar Anıl , Kuru Öz Diğdem , Erden Ayşe
Published: August 2022

Various benign and malignant pathologies/conditions can cause compression of the extrahepatic biliary system. Anatomical and/or topographic variations of the hepatic artery have long been recognized as a possible cause of the EBS compression. However, anatomical and/or topographic variations, other than the hepatic artery's, should also be considered during the evaluation of the EBS compression. We, herein, report a unique case of the distal common bile duct compression by tortuous and enlarged inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery branches due to severe stenosis of the celiac trunk orifice.
The Utility of the Marshmallow Barium Swallow Esophagogram for Investigation of Ineffective Esophageal Motility: A Systematic and Narrative Review
Authors: Wilson H. , Mocanu V. , Wong C. , Karmali S.
Published: August 2022

Objectives Current gold standard investigations to determine the pathology of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) are invasive and resource-intensive. Marshmallow barium swallow esophagogram (MBSE) is emerging as a more feasible modality; however, our understanding of its role in the clinical setting is limited. Our aim was to appraise the current literature and describe the effectiveness and limitations of MBSE as a potential diagnostic tool when investigating the pathological cause of IEM.

Methods A search in PubMed was conducted on May 23, 2021. Search terms included “marshmallow” AND “barium.” We included all studies which examined MBSE in the context of esophageal disease. The primary outcome of interest was to characterize the use of MBSE in current literature.

Results A total of 12 studies were retrieved after initial search with 9 studies meeting final inclusion criteria. A total of 375 patients were included, with 296 patients (79%) having a relevant diagnosis or symptom prompting investigation with MBSE. The most common diagnoses included referral to a gastroenterology clinic for a barium swallow (44%), post-Angelchik insertion (23%), and dysphagia (13%). Esophageal disease was identified in both the MBSE and other screening tests in 63% participants, whereas in 27% participants abnormalities were only seen using the MBSE.

Conclusion There is currently limited high-quality evidence on the use of MBSE to diagnose IEM. Further large-scale studies comparing its use in patients with different pathologic causes of IEM and of older age are required to further delineate the optimal delivery of this emerging diagnostic modality.
The usefulness of a checklist approach-based confirmation scheme in identifying unreliable COVID-19-related health information: a case study in Japan
Authors: Tanemura Nanae , Chiba Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2022

Consumers are increasingly able to easily access health information online about food products. However, consumers have difficulty identifying reliable health information from diverse sources along with information about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic because the inundation of information (both true and false) overwhelm consumers. We investigated the usefulness of a checklist confirmation scheme for identifying unreliable COVID-19-related health information. Data were collected from June 30–July 1, 2021. First, we measured 700 participants’ baseline health literacy levels by having them read unreliable health information about the efficacy of green tea intake in preventing COVID-19 based on the results of animal experimentation. Second, participants read an explanation with a five-step flowchart of how to identify reliable health information. Thereafter, we remeasured participants’ health literacy levels. To identify the factors hindering the effect of the confirmation scheme, a logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 77.9% (293/376) of those with low health literacy levels at baseline still had low literacy after the intervention. The factor that hindered the confirmation scheme’s usefulness was benefit perceptions of food ingredients (OR: 0.493; 95% CI: 0.252–0.966). Consumers with higher benefit perceptions of a target product faced more difficulties using the confirmation scheme effectively. Therefore, the most effective strategies involve filtering information at the organizational level rather than the individual level, which should help consumers correctly identify misinformation concerning food and health and promote accurate decision-making.
Piezoelectric bimorph MEMS speakers
Authors: Lang Yiming , Liu Chengze , Fawzy Ahmed , Sun Chen , Gong Shaobo , Zhang Menglun
Published: August 2022

One of the key requirements for MEMS speakers is to increase the sound pressure level (SPL) while keeping the size as small as possible. In this paper we present a MEMS speaker based on piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers that produces a higher SPL than conventional unimorph cantilever speakers. The active diaphragm size is 1.4 × 1.4 mm2. The bimorph cantilevers are connected in parallel to make full use of the actuation voltage. At 1 kHz, the measured SPL reached 73 dB and the peak SPL reached 102 dB at the resonance frequency of 10 kHz in a 711 ear simulator under a driving voltage of 10 Vrms. The total harmonic distortion of the MEMS speaker was less than 3% in the range from 100 Hz to 20 kHz. Although the absolute SPL was not the highest, this work provides a better SPL for all piezoelectric MEMS speakers.
On modeling the multiscale mechanobiology of soft tissues: Challenges and progress
Authors: Guo Yifan , Mofrad Mohammad R. K. , Tepole Adrian Buganza
Published: August 2022

Tissues grow and remodel in response to mechanical cues, extracellular and intracellular signals experienced through various biological events, from the developing embryo to disease and aging. The macroscale response of soft tissues is typically nonlinear, viscoelastic anisotropic, and often emerges from the hierarchical structure of tissues, primarily their biopolymer fiber networks at the microscale. The adaptation to mechanical cues is likewise a multiscale phenomenon. Cell mechanobiology, the ability of cells to transform mechanical inputs into chemical signaling inside the cell, and subsequent regulation of cellular behavior through intra- and inter-cellular signaling networks, is the key coupling at the microscale between the mechanical cues and the mechanical adaptation seen macroscopically. To fully understand mechanics of tissues in growth and remodeling as observed at the tissue level, multiscale models of tissue mechanobiology are essential. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the art modeling tools of soft tissues at both scales, the tissue level response, and the cell scale mechanobiology models. To help the interested reader become more familiar with these modeling frameworks, we also show representative examples. Our aim here is to bring together scientists from different disciplines and enable the future leap in multiscale modeling of tissue mechanobiology.