bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law, Justice, and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition
Authors: Giunchi Elisa Ada
Published: October 2020

In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, some advocated a turn toward “tradition,”thereby raising fears that women would be pushed out of the public arena despitetheir active participation and would even lose those gains made underprevious governments. The debates around gender parity vs. complementaritythat were stirred up were not new, but they did manage to acquire new cogencyin the context of the emotionally charged deconstruction of the old politicalsystem and the subsequent transition to new governments.The arguments made by both sides were often couched within a frameworkof liberal human rights or in terms of Islamic tradition. Gender andEquality in Muslim Family Law is a valuable contribution to the discussionon the apparent contradiction between these discourses and a learned attemptto bridge them. The editors of this collective book, which stems from a numberof workshops organized by the Oslo Coalition on Freedom of Religion or Belief,explore how gender equality, as shaped by contemporary ideas of humanrights, can be reconciled with the Islamic legal tradition, which is rooted inpre-modern conceptions of justice.In the first chapter, Mir-Hosseini examines the classical fiqhī understandingof gender justice by focusing on qiwāmah (guardianship of women), whichis enshrined in most Muslim family codes, and overviews twentieth-centuryreforms and codifications. She also discusses the ideas of al-Tahir al-Haddad(d. 1935) and Fazlur Rahman (d. 1988), two reformists who influenced subsequentdiscourses on equality in the family within an Islamic framework.Her contribution ends with a looks at the emergence of political Islam, transnationalfeminism, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), all of whichadd a new dimension to preexisting debates.The rest of the book is divided into two sections. The first explores someconcrete efforts at legal reform and social activism that reconcile Islam andhuman rights. Mulki al-Sharmani delves into the concept of qiwāmah inEgyptian law and in courtroom practice, pointing out the legal strategiespursued by litigants and the disconnect between the model of marriage upheldby family codes and the actual practice of marriage. Marwa Sharafedinanalyzes Egyptian women’s rights NGOs and their discourse on personalstatus law that blend, to varying degrees, religious and human rights frames ...
Ibn ‘Arabi and the Contemporary West
Authors: Lipton G. A.
Published: October 2020

Although the thought of the Andalusian Sufi Muhyi al-Din ibn ‘Arabi (d.1240) has become increasingly popular in the West during the last century,only very recently has there been any attempt to analyze his contemporary reception.Isobel Jeffery-Street’s recent study on Ibn ‘Arabi in the West – withits dual focus on the Beshara School “for the study of esoteric education” andthe Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi Society – offers a fecund starting place for suchanalysis, since these interrelated institutions have been two of the most significantsources for the growing Western recognition of Ibn ‘Arabi over thelast thirty years.Ibn ‘Arabi’s eclectic, unitive metaphysics has a long-standing and popularcorrelation with the so-called doctrine of waḥdat al-wujūd (the Unity of Existence[or Being]), although he never used such particular phraseology.1Nevertheless,the book’s conceptual lynchpin and that of the Beshara School itselfis formed around this idea, which the author blithely reifies as central to Ibn‘Arabi’s “complex Neo-Platonic Gnostic system” (p. 6, n. 13). As if directlyreflecting the variegated discourses from which Beshara emerged during the1970s, this study combines rather antiquated categorizations of “Oriental Sufism”(p. 6) with New Age rhetoric of global spiritual revival. Accordingly,Jeffery-Street aims ...
Sufi Master and Qur’an Scholar
Authors: Chiabotti Francesco
Published: October 2020

Over the past few years, an increasing number of academic publications havefocused on the life and work of the Sufi master and theologian Abū l-Qāsim‘Abd al-Karīm b. Hawāzim al-Qushayrī (d. 465/1072 in Nishapur). While thisincreased interest has filled in many gaps in our understanding of this man,an important figure for the Islamic mystical tradition, Nguyen’s monographrepresents the first in-depth inquiry into Qushayrī and his doctrine.Nguyen’s book, developed from his doctoral dissertation, concentrates onthe Laṭā’if al-Ishārāt (hereafter LI), typically considered a mystical exegeticaltreatise but which Nguyen shows should be seen in a broader and more nuancedlight. He analyzes the text through the concept of “tradition,” reading it as theresult of a network of different cultural and spiritual influences. Their unificationin this exegetical treatise can be considered Qushayrī’s main achievement. Assuch, Nguyen’s work represents a major contribution in the fields of Qur’anicand Sufi studies as well as the broader field of medieval intellectual history.The book’s nine chapters cover the following subjects: In the introductionthe author positions the LI vis-à-vis the different exegetical traditions (juridical,encyclopedic, and theological), arguing that it belongs to what Walid A.Saleh calls the “Nishapuri school” of exegesis. Thus, as Nguyen points out,Qushayrī’s Tafsīr is “located and contextualized onto a number of differentbut overlapping historical axes” (p. 16) ...
Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts
Authors: Sabet Amr G. E.
Published: October 2020

This book is a welcome addition to the ever-expanding literature on Muslimcosmopolitanism across the Islamicate world. Its chief aim is to decenter thelong-held notion that cosmopolitanism was a style of thought that emergedprimarily from the heart of Europe, beginning with the Greeks, and then carriedover into the Enlightenment age of Emmanuel Kant and reached its fullmanifestation in the present moment (p. 2). Rather, “cosmopolitan instances,”which Kai Kreese deftly describes as “openness to the world (Weltoffenheit),experience of the world (Welterfahrung), and the skill to deal flexibly withthe world (Weltgewandtheit)” (p. 33), took root in Muslim societies many centuriesago, particularly during the establishment of the Indian Ocean’s livelymaritime Muslim community during the eleventh century ...
Revisiting Fanaticism in the Context of Wasaṭīyyah
Authors: Yousif Ahmad F.
Published: October 2020

Fanaticism is derived from the Latin word fanum, which refers to sacred placesof worship such as temples or other consecrated sites. The complete term fanaticusmeans “to be put into raging enthusiasm by a deity.”2 In the modernsense, a fanatic is simply an individual who goes to an extreme, is overly zealousor unreasonably enthusiastic regarding an issue, idea, opinion, or action.These ideations do not have to be of a strictly religious nature, but may alsobe in regard to a personal or private matter or a larger political, social, or economicissue. Despite the broadness of its contemporary application, it is mostcommonly used in its traditional sense of religious zealousness, intolerance,and violence.In today’s literature fanaticism stands not for the content of any particularreligious position, but for a mentality and attitude that can attach an attitudeof radicalism, rigor, and extremism to the content of any ideal or ideology.According to the Cambridge Dictionary, it refers to a person “holding extremebeliefs that may lead to unreasonable (actions) or violent behavior.”3 One featureof this mentality is the “religious assurance of the establishment of beliefthrough dogmatic and moral legalism, often founded on a fundamentalist positivismin matters touching revelation.”4“Fundamentalism” (uṣūlīyah), on the other hand, is originally a Protestantterm developed in the early part of the twentieth century to refer to Christiangroups that believed in the Bible’s inerrancy, as opposed to those who soughtto make scriptural changes to accommodate the modern world.5 It is somewhatredundant in the Islamic context; however, some scholars have been trying tounderstand the connection between Islam and fundamentalism.6 Theoretically,the great majority of practicing Muslims are “fundamentalists” because theybelieve that the Qur’an remains unchanged from its initial revelation. Therefore,the following analysis will mainly focus on the concepts of fanaticismand wasaṭīyah from a comparative perspective that emphasizes their recentdevelopments and connections to Islam ...
Medina in Birmingham; Najaf in Brent
Authors: Masterton Rebecca
Published: October 2020

Medina in Birmingham; Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam by Innes Bowenseeks to explain to a mainly non-Muslim readership the complexities and nuancesof different Muslim groups that have come to live in Britain since the1950s. The book aims to be “a guide to the ideological differences, organisationalstructures and international links of the main Islamic groups active inBritain today” needed in order partly to counter the perception that Muslimsform one homogenous mass. It follows in the tradition of ethnographic worksbegun in the colonial period, that were produced in order to inform the BritishGovernment about the thinking and culture of those under its administrationand, more importantly, about whether they were planning any uprisings orposed any threat. An example of this approach can be seen in Bowen’s assurancesthat the Twelver Shi‘a living in Britain do not unequivocally supportIran:The most striking feature of Britain’s Shia community is the lack of influencethat the Islamic Republic of Iran exerts over it, despite all of its resources.[…] The fact that Najaf school secularism has triumphed over Tehran’s Islamismwill be something of a relief to [the] British government. (p. 162)Bowen also remarks on how little Britain’s police force know about the Muslimgroups with which they have co-operated: ...
Sunni-Shi’i Rapprochement
Authors: Mavani Hamid
Published: October 2020

Ecumenical initiatives to promote Sunni-Shi’i reconciliation andmutual respect have failed to take root because they do not tacklethe incendiary issues that prompt each branch to view the other withdisdain, if not as outright apostates or unbelievers. I argue that thiswill not change until the main fault lines in their worldviews, communalself-understanding, sacred narratives, history, theology, andphilosophy are confronted head-on.If this cannot be done, then all proclamations of Muslim unity andbrotherhood/sisterhood under one ummah will remain hollow andlack substance, because each side’s internal discourse would remainunchanged. Any type of mutual tolerance and coexistence promptedby expediency and power dynamics cannot be expected to be deeprootedand long-lasting. The United States, along with such otherlocal and foreign players as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, Iraq, andSyria, have instrumentalized Sunni-Shi’i sectarianism to promotetheir own myopic vested interests. The result is clear for all to see:an exponential increase in Sunni-Shi’i antagonism.
Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts
Authors: Stefanidis Emmanuelle
Published: October 2020

This book is an important addition to the by-now rich collection of edited volumesand monographs published by Brill under the heading “Islamic Historyand Civilization: Studies and Texts.” It contains twenty-two essays written byleading scholars, historians, and philologists in honor of their late colleague and teacher Patricia Crone (professor of Islamic history, Institute for AdvancedStudy), who passed away a few months after the publication of the volume.For students of Islam, Crone needs no introduction. Her scholarship hasmarked the field through its erudition as well as its distinctive boldness andcontroversial nature that, at times, drew virulent criticism. Perceived by someas arrogant and hasty, by others as incisive and daring, she was not one tomince words. This volume, starting with an intimate “memoir” by Judith Herrinand concluding with an appreciative scholarly review by Chase Robinson,tends to overlook Crone’s divisive personality and does much to present heras an ideal academic and mentor. She was, as the editors lyrically phrase it, a“seeker and lover of truth.” ...
Islamic Thought and Secular Modernity
Authors: Willoughby Jay
Published: October 2020

The Summer Institute for Scholars 2016, held at the IIIT headquarters in Herndon,VA, from August 8-13, 2016, brought together a group of scholars to address“Islamic Thought and Secular Modernity.” In order to present as manyof their ideas as possible, the wide-ranging and thought-provoking commentsof the chairs and the discussants are not recounted here.
Understanding Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah
Authors: Al-Timimi Tariq
Published: October 2020

Musfir al-Qahtani’s translated book is a recent contribution on the contemporaryrelevance of maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah. After a lengthy introduction in whichhe outlines some technical aspects of the subject, he turns to their relevancefor issuing fatwas (e.g., “cultural development,” “religious extremism,” and“the Muslim mindset”) before rounding-off with what he calls the “goalawareness crisis.” Helpfully, the reader is provided with a synopsis at the beginningof every chapter.The book is divided into five main chapters. The introduction seeks to establisha definition for the maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah while drawing attention to howothers have referred to them. The reader is then briefly presented with the textualand “logical” (read: theological) arguments in favor of ta‘līl al-aḥkām (determiningthe ratio decidendi of rulings), a fundamental query in the quest toestablish the field’s validity. Neither section is very detailed, and it soon becomesclear that the author wrote this book for activists who want to understandwhat the maqāṣid are and what relevance they hold for their cause.Having established the proofs for the concept, al-Qahtani turns to themaqāṣid’s meta-structure. There is nothing original in this chapter, as al-Izzbin Abdussalam (d. 1262), al-Shatibi (d. 1388), Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1350), andthe other usual figures are cited. It is much to the author’s credit, however,that he refers (albeit once and almost just as a gesture) to Mustafa Shalabi (d.1997), who has been largely overshadowed by other scholars despite his majorcontributions to the field of Islamic law and legal theory, most notably in his1944 Azhar ‘ālimīyah thesis Ta‘līl al-Aḥkām ...
Shi‘ism in South East Asia
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: October 2020

Although Southeast Asian Muslims are overwhelmingly Sunni, alleged historicalShi‘i influences have been a recurring feature in academic debates onthe region’s Islamization, the content of local traditional literatures, and certaincontemporary manifestations of religiosity. Moreover, the emergence of localShi‘i communities from the 1950s onward has been frequently noted but rarelystudied. This collection of path-breaking research seeks to help fill this gap inthe literature.Unfortunately, the book’s catchy title may initially obscure its outstandingtheoretical and thematic depth, for most of the chapters are about Alidpiety and devotion to the Prophet’s household as found in different Sunnitraditions. By highlighting the pervasiveness of the latter in other regionsof the Muslim world, the editors’ introduction represents a major reconsiderationof such commonly found earlier notions as “Shi‘itic elements,”“crypto-Shi‘ism,” and “de-Shi‘itization.” Many of the papers show that itwould be misleading to equate local literary and other traditions of Alid pietywith Shi‘i influence. Those that deal with actual contemporary Shi‘i sectarianconstructions in the region are highly suggestive of the different mechanismsbehind Shi‘ism’s global expansion in the modern era, thereby contributingto a growing body of research on present-day Shi‘ism beyond the Arab-Iranianworld.
IIIT-FCNA Fiqh Forum on Adoption and Orphan Care
Authors: Willoughby Jay
Published: October 2020

On April 13, 2017, the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) andthe Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA) brought jurists, scholars, and professionalsin the field to share their latest research on the topic of adoptionand orphan care. The day-long forum, held at the IIIT headquarters in Herndon,VA, featured one concept paper and five panels.The opening session featured Zainab Alwani (vice chair, FCNA; programdirector, Fiqh Forum on Adoption and Orphan Care; founding director, Islamicstudies, Howard University School of Divinity), who spoke on “Orphan Carein the Qur’an and Sunnah: Critical Reading on Adoption and Kafala.” Statingthat she is providing a framework – not a solution – grounded in the Qur’anand Sunnah, she discussed why the number of orphans and abandoned childrenhas reached an all-time high; why Muslim Americans are reluctant toadopt them; and such concerns as the un-Islamic nature of the American legalsystem and the ensuring legal, cultural, and linguistic problems. She stressedthat taking care of these children is an ethical/moral issue and reminded theaudience of the biographies of Musa, Yusuf, Muhammad, and Maryam, all ofwhom were raised by people who were not their biological parents, and theimportance of the family structure. In closing, she recommended that Muslimsrevive the collective spirit of caring for orphans, work with lawyers to deriveSharia-compliant solutions, integrate these children into our communities, andreconsider some traditional fiqhī concepts (e.g., brother and mawlā). AbubakerAl-Shingieti (executive director, IIIT) chaired.Panel 1, “Voices from the Field,” opened with Ranya Shbeib (co-founder,Muslim Foster Care Association; https://www.muslimfostercare.org), who focusedon meeting orphans’ immediate needs and provide family support. Herorganization works hard to achieve these twin goals and to raise local communityawareness by a four-step process: making a presentation, providingthe relevant orientation, giving practical training, and actually receiving thechild. After each step, unfortunately, the number of interested people declines ...
Muslim Americans in the Military
Authors: Hussain Amir
Published: October 2020

Edward E. Curtis IV is one of the most important scholars of Islam in theUnited States. This slim volume is a welcome addition to his work, andshould be required reading for all who are interested in the place of Muslimswithin the history of America. One also wishes that the book be readwidely by American Muslims. As the latter day prophet, Bob Marley, oncesang about other soldiers in the Americas, “If you know your history/ Then you would know where you’re coming from.” Curtis’ book helps us, asAmerican Muslims, to learn about our own history in our country.The book is not written for a specialized audience, and could easily beused by undergraduate or even senior high school students in a number ofcourses on Islam or religion in America. It is a very short volume, comingin at 82 pages of text with a single additional page of notes. The book is dividedinto five chapters of roughly equal length. The first chapter introducesthe contemporary issues of American Muslim soldiers in the United Statesarmed forces through the stories of Captain Humayun Khan and CorporalKareem Rashad Sultan Khan. Corporal Khan became widely known whena photo of his mother, Elsheba, cradling his gravestone was mentioned byGeneral Colin Powell in the 2008 election. Captain Khan’s introduction tothe American public was more recent, when his father, Khizr, spoke abouthis son’s sacrifice on the final night of the Democratic National Conventionin 2016 ...
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS A CAUSE FOR DIVORCE: ARE THERE EFFORTS FOR MEDIATION?
Authors: Jasmaniar Jasmaniar , Sutiawati Sutiawati
Published: October 2020

AbstractMediation as an alternative to dispute resolution has been integrated in court. Further provisions for mediation as a process that must be carried out are further regulated in the Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2016 concerning mediation procedures in court. This means that cases filed in court including cases of divorce on the grounds of domestic violence are obliged to undergo mediation. This research is a normative legal research that focuses on solving legal problems by providing a basis for theoretical argumentation and adequate concepts. Sources of data in this study came from primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The findings of the study indicate that in cases of divorce on the grounds of domestic violence, they still take the path of mediation. This is stated in the Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2016 which requires mediation in civil cases, even in the Supreme Court Regulation states that in the resolution of a civil case a judge does not take mediation, it is considered to have violated the law. Divorce cases on the grounds of domestic violence cannot be categorized as a criminal act, if the filing process is a civil process (divorce), it is different when the wife makes a complaint (complaint offense) and/or an ordinary offense which results in a violation of the Abolition of Domestic Violence. However, divorce cases are considered civil and processed according to other civil cases and on the grounds of domestic violence they still go through mediation. Keywords: Mediation; Divorce; Violence; Household.
THE SIMILARITY OF THE MEDINA CHARTER AND THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTION IN HUMAN RIGHT’S PROTECTION
Authors: Tobroni Faiq -
Published: October 2020

The movement that wants to make an Islamic constitution still threatens Indonesia. This movement is exacerbated by the misunderstanding that the Medina Charter was proof of the obligation for Muslims to establish an Islamic state as was done by the Prophet Muhammad. In fact, the Medina Charter regulates more about the protection of human rights (HAM) for every citizen regardless of religious background.This study aims to examine the position of the Medina charter as an argument for the establishment of the state and the similarity between the Indonesian constitution and the spirit of protecting human rights in the Medina charter. This research is a literature review by examining classical and modern references relevant to the establishment of the state and the Medina Charter. The finding in this research is that the Medina charter is a legal product at the time of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Muslims are not obliged to establish a form of Islamic State and a constitution that is exactly the same as what was done by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). In substance, the Medina Charter is a symbol of peace, tolerance and moderation. Thus, philosophically, the spirit of the Medina charter has been embodied in the Indonesian constitution which has prioritized the peace and welfare of the people. The implication of this finding is that there is no necessity for the establishment of an Islamic State. Without declaring an Islamic constitution, the 1945 Constitution accommodates the spirit of protecting human rights which is in line with the Medina charter.
Obywatelstwo europejskie w świetle Karty Praw Podstawowych
Authors: Wonicki Rafał
Published: October 2020

The author posits a query regarding the nature of European citizenship as expressed in the Charter of Fundamental Rights. What does the European citizenship consist of? In what manner does the European Union guarantee its citizens compliance with the rights inscribed in the Charter? The main objective, as seen by constitutionalists, political scientists and philosophers is to build a coherent set of rules, acceptable by all the states, which constitutes European citizenship, as well as the criteria for access to holding it, thereby simultaneously determining the status of particular groups of inhabitants of the European Union’s territory. The model underlying the provisions in respect of citizenship is aimed at a compromise, preserving the ideal of state sovereignty, and at avoiding the building of citizenship based on kinship, common territory, language or the sharing of a given ethnos. The objective of European citizenship is to create a supra-national awareness.
Europeizacja w działaniu. Wpływ Strategii Lizbońskiej na rozwój sektora pozarządowego w Polsce
Authors: Grosse Tomasz Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

The author presents the impact of Lisbon Strategy on opportunities to support the development of non-governmental organisations in Poland. He studies two inter-related issues: the Strategy’s impact on supporting the development of the so-called Third Sector and opportunities for the non-governmental organisations to achieve the Strategy’s objectives. An analysis of so delineated a field of study serves to arrive at three aims. The first is a  description of the vectors and content of political transfer of Europeanisation (this is not only a matter of determining the standards of conduct, the values and, most importantly, the regulations being transferred, but also of the main objectives and interests of the Union actors). The second is the analysis of the issue of the effectiveness with which the objectives of Europeanisation on Poland are implemented, while the third is the analysis of local determinants in the processes of Europeanisation (can the strengthening of the non-governmental organisation in Poland serve an objective wider than those related to the improvement of the Lisbon targets’ implementation alone such as, e.g. a reconstruction of the state?).
Dylematy i paradoksy identyfikacji ideologicznych w okresie transformacji
Authors: Górka Marek
Published: October 2020

The history of political transformation in Poland is an uninterrupted process of forming identifications along party lines, as well as of the political milieus’ searching, for a response to the question regarding the location of their own subjective space within the wider political sphere. It is worthwhile, when we discuss this, to ask whether the building up of a party’s identity is dictated by ideological and programmatic reasons or whether it is an incidental matter. The values and beliefs concealed in the 80s, when the opposition belonged to the underground, have been permanently inscribed into the Polish political landscape. A group of doctrines which served as a component in the build-up of party identity may be perceived. The religious and national values, as well as the historical and cultural issues, which emerged into the daylight, may be treated as the embryo of certain ideas, which in time, as a result of public debates, have become fundamental determinants of many political parties.
Totalitaryzm jako zjawisko demaskujące. Uwagi na temat Tischnerowskiego rozumienia totalitaryzmu
Authors: Siwek Anna
Published: October 2020

The author describes the perspective on the phenomenon of totalitarianism held by Jozef Tischner, who, although intrigued by politics and its manifestations, never saw a space for positive human activity in it. In his endeavor to investigate the problems faced by an individual sensitive to the ethical dimension of their life, he used to describe totalitarian experiences as those revealing the negative phenomena in the interpersonal world. It is for this reason that his reflection on totalitarianism has little in common with analyses carried out on the grounds of political sciences, which are focused on descriptions of the structures of a totalitarian state.
The Architecture of Separation: Israeli Policy towards the Palestinians in the West Bank
Authors: Codogni Paulina
Published: October 2020

According to the classic view of architecture, its primary function is to create spatial law and order so as to improve the functioning of man in the architectural environment. Classical works on the theory of architecture focused on those qualities that portrayed architecture as having a clearly positive dimension, the pursuit of which should be the primary task of an architect. Is it true, however, that architecture has only one common meaning? This assertion is undermined by buildings constructed on borderlands, which are imposed on one community by another. An example is the wall being erected by Israel since 2002 to separate the state from the West Bank. While it has become a symbol of security and order for the Israelis, it is an emblem of enslavement and chaos for the Palestinians who have been trapped on the other side of the barrier.
O zasadności stosowania teorii postkolonialnej w badaniach nad historią Europy Środkowej na przykładzie Polski i Niemiec
Authors: Andrzejewski Piotr
Published: October 2020

The article concerns the possibility and relevance of the application of postcolonial theory in the case of Central and Eastern Europe. The main focus is on Poland and Germany. The author gathers and analyses the first studies conducted using postcolonial theory. Moreover, he makes a structural and systemic comparison between the situation in German colonies in Africa and Polish lands under German partition and occupation. As the majority of postcolonial research has been limited to literary studies so far, there is still untapped potential in other fields, such as sociology and political sciences.
Niemcy i Francja w Unii Europejskiej po brexicie
Authors: Fiszer Józef M.
Published: October 2020

There is no doubt that Brexit is an unprecedented event in the history of European integration and the European Union (EU). It will certainly be a turning point not only in the history of the EU but also in Germany and France. It will affect their place and role in the new international order that is currently being shaped. Today, however, it is very difficult to present an accurate diagnosis, and even more difficult to predict the future of the EU, Europe and the whole world after Brexit. Currently, the opinions of researchers and experts on this subject are divided. Many fear that Brexit will be the beginning of the end of the EU and that it will lead to so-called diversified integration and then to its disintegration. Others believe that Brexit, nolens volens, may accelerate the EU’s modernisation process. This will require the adoption of a new revision treaty. This treaty will be developed under the dictation of Germany and France, which are the most influential countries in the EU.The purpose of this article is to answer a few questions, particularly what role  Germany and France can and will play in the EU after Brexit. Will these countries  again become the driving force in the process of European integration and the EU’s modernisation, or will they remain passive and contribute to the break-up of the EU? Moreover, the author intends to show the opportunities and threats for the EU  without the United Kingdom, which counterbalanced the influence of Germany and France in Europe.
Polityka dezinformacyjna Rosji wobec Estonii
Authors: Kozłowski Grzegorz
Published: October 2020

Russian activities in the area of information war are very dynamic. They have internal legal, political and military background, constituting an important element of today’s war theatre. Disinformation is directed not only to the global or regional powers, which would undermine the position of the Russian Federation, but also to the neighboring countries, including the Baltic States. It has a specific narrative vis-à-vis individual states, emphasizing historical propaganda and building messages which should be easily absorbed mostly by Russian speaking minorities, which seem to be a sensitive and “easy” target in these terms.Russian disinformation policy faces in Estonia natural barriers. They stem from political (consensus among the parties on pro-European and pro-transatlantic policies), historical (negative experiences with Russia’s and the Soviet Union policy) and economic (limited presence of Russian capital) factors. They key issue for analyzing an effectivity of Russian propaganda in Estonia is demographic structure. Amongst 25% of Russian speaking minority in this country, there is a fraction of citizens (mostly Russians) which are sensitive to Kremlin propaganda. However, the vast majority of Estonian society seems to be impregnated from Moscow’s propaganda. Thus we can state that the disinformation activities of Russia has in Estonia a limited significance.
Percepções de professores de Física e Matemática de uma escola pública acerca da abordagem interdisciplinar da Astronomia nessas disciplinas
Authors: Setlik Joselaine , Teres Silvana Leonora Lehmkuhl
Published: October 2020

Estudos da literatura apontam a potencialidade do ensino da Astronomia pela perspectiva da interdisciplinaridade, porém sua inserção no Ensino Médio ocorre, em geral, de forma disciplinar na Física. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas de dois professores de Física e Matemática sobre a inserção do tema Astronomia, por meio da interdisciplinaridade entre essas disciplinas, no currículo do Ensino Médio da Educação Básica. O estudo tem bases referenciais sobre interdisciplinaridade e sobre a Educação em Astronomia. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa de natureza exploratória. Participaram desta pesquisa, respondendo a um questionário, dois professores atuantes no Ensino Médio da rede pública de ensino. Os resultados da análise realizada evidenciam justificativas e potencialidades para o ensino da Astronomia de forma interdisciplinar, todavia, pensar a inserção da Astrofísica e Cosmologia parece mais trabalhoso. Apontamos dificuldades relacionadas à formação dos professores, sobre o conteúdo específico, e às condições para a inserção de propostas com esse viés. Sinalizamos que a construção de materiais de apoio didático que envolvem Astronomia, Astrofísica e Cosmologia de forma interdisciplinar pode tornar mais viável a inserção desses temas por essa perspectiva na Educação Básica.
Sebuah Kerangka Kerja untuk mengembangkan e-Tracer study berbasis Sistem Cerdas
Authors: Akbar Rizaldi , Hajriyanti Rahmi
Published: October 2020

Tracer studies are a method used by tertiary institutions to track, monitor, and supervise graduates that have been produced by tertiary institutions. These activities can make a performance measurement related to the implementation of education so far. Currently, the tracer study has been developed to become a system that can provide decisions and measure graduates using an intelligent agent (AI). In this study, the authors used a descriptive research method, namely developing an information system based on existing data and developed using PHP software, and the Dynamic System Development Method (DSDM) is a system development method. Researchers have implemented an AI integration framework in a web-based tracer study architecture. System evaluation is used as the next research iteration of the proposed decision support system, this study also aims to monitor graduates. With the existence of an intelligent system-based e-tracer study, it has become an evolution in studying artificial intelligence to support monitoring and as a tool in increasing graduates in Higher Education.Keywords:Systems Framework, Tracer study, Intelligent Systems, Web
Sistem Informasi Monitoring dan Evaluasi Proyek dengan Menerapkan Perhitungan Deviasi
Authors: Sunarya Muhammad Hendra , Irwansyah Rusman , Pebriadi Muhammad Syahid
Published: October 2020

The process of monitoring and evaluating a project needs to be done to ensure the project runs smoothly. The problems that arise at this stage are obstacles to knowing the progress of the ongoing project. Some other obstacles are the potential for file loss, duplication of data, human errors, the need for fast processing, and the need for data integrity of two systems. This study aims to develop a project monitoring and evaluation information system applying deviation calculations. This calculation is carried out to see the realization of the work of an ongoing project. The system design technique uses the use case diagram method which describes the process of the system. The waterfall method is used to develop a monitoring and evaluation information system for this project. The research result is in the form of a project monitoring and evaluation information system that can provide information about the work realization of an ongoing project.Keywords:Monitoring, Evaluation, Deviation Calculation, Information System.
The Suitable Age to Launch Training of Various Sporting Activities from the Point of Views of Jordanian Coaches
Authors: Osaila Majed
Published: October 2020

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على السن المناسب للبدء في تدريب مختلف الأنشطة الرياضية، من وجهة نظر كل من الإداريين والأكاديميين، وذلك بالرجوع للأدب التربوي، وكذلك المقارنة بين النظرية والتطبيق، حيث استخدم الباحث المنهج المسحي لمناسبته وطبيعة الدراسة، كما صمم الباحث استبانة بالرجوع إلى الخبراء في هذا المجال، وأجريت له معاملات الصدق والثبات المناسبة، وشملت عينة الدراسة (56) مدربا من العاملين في الاتحادات الرياضية والأندية في الأردن، واستخدم الباحث في المعالجة الإحصائية المتوسطات الحسابية، والنسب المئوية والتكرارات لمناسبتها وطبيعة الدراسة. وفي ضوء أهداف الدراسة، توصل الباحث أن هناك اتفاق بين المدربين على أن اختيار الناشئين يتم بناء على أسس وقواعد علمية، وكذلك إجراء الفحوصات الطبية، وأكّد الأكاديميون أن هناك عوامل أخرى مهمة يجب الأخذ بها منها: العمر البيولوجي للنشء، والفطرة والوراثة، والتنبؤ على درجة الثبات، ومراعاة الفروق الفردية، كما اتفق الأكاديميون والمدربون على أن السن المناسب للبدء بالتدريب يكون حسب نوع النشاط المعين، لأن كل نشاط يتطلب سنا خاصا ومناسبا له، وهذا يعتمد على مراحل النمو المختلفة، وأوصى الباحث اتباع الأسس العلمية عند اختيار الموهوبين وانتقائهم، وكذلك الاهتمام بالأطفال بوصفهم قاعدة أساسية في عملية الاختيار والانتقاء.
Diagnostic Petiole Anatomical Characters and their Systematc Importance in eighteen (18) species of the genus Tephrosia PERS (fabaceae) found in Nigeria
Authors: Oluwa Omoteso , Olowokudejo Dele , Ogundipe Oluwatoyin
Published: October 2020

A comprehensive systematic investigation on diagnostic petiole characters of eighteen species of Tephrosia, from family Fabaceae, tribe Milleteae. It habits the fringes often forests, and abandoned, and wastelands. A total of nine diagnostic polymorphic characters were observed, photographed, assessed,scoredand coded as Data matrix for quantitative statistical treatment. The 9 characters codes include PSY, POL, PVS, PPT, and PTE. others include PTA, PTO, PTC, and PTB. Principal Components Analysis (PC) and Cluster Analysis were carried out. Four PC were identified and Cluster analysis indicates twelve hierarchies.
Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Kelurahan Penajam
Authors: Moorcy Nadi Hernadi , Yusuf Tamzil , Pudjiati Pudjiati
Published: October 2020

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has an important role in driving the growth of the Indonesian economy. MSME contributes to a number of business entities in Indonesia and has a share in employment. In a business study is needed about the feasibility of the business. But in reality the business owner is only focused on the income and sustainability of his business. That is why community development using social assistance methods needs to be done to help solve the problems being faced. Community development contains efforts to increase participation and a sense of belonging to the programs implemented. Empowerment refers to the ability of people, especially weak groups to have access to productive resources that enable them to be able to increase their income and participate in the process of development and decision making. The results of this dedication show that the economic potential in Penajam Sub-district, Penajam District, North Penajam Paser Regency is the food industry, handicraft industry, restaurants and restaurants and MSMEs. Supporting factors in community development in the economic sector include natural resources and abundant human resources. While the limiting factors are limited capital, facilities and infrastructure as well as low community participation.
Organizing International Webinar as Community Services Activity During the Covid19 Pandemic
Authors: Adam Muhammad , Pratama Ryan Angga , Sipahutar Merry Krisdawati
Published: October 2020

Since Covid19 is declared as pandemic and is categorized as national disaster, government has urged all acitivities is limited to prevent physical contact. All fileds including educational organization should obey the protocol given. Meantime, University’s agenda in delivering the three pillars of higher education still need to be conducted with an adjustment, including one of them in the field of community services. For that reason, Institute for Reasearch and Community Services of Balikpapan University designed an International seminar involving keynote speakers from three countries in a web conferencing application. This Web-Based Seminar (Webinar) was chosen since it doesn’t involve physical contact and also very efficient. Three stages directed in this webinar; from preparation, conducting of the webinar and evaluation stage; were described in this article. There were 500 participants register to the webinar. This webinar was successfully managed with no significant disturbance. The key to the success of this webinar was well-planned and organized schedule, task distribution among organizer members, as well as the proactive communication that shall always be maintained.
THE RISK FACTORS OF DYSMENORRHEA IN YOUNG WOMEN
Authors: Vilšinskaitė Donata Saulė , Vaidokaitė Greta , Mačys Žygimantas , Bumbulienė Žana
Published: October 2020

The Aim: To evaluate risk factors for dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age and to review its characteristics.
Material and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted among 354 women followed by a statistical analysis of the gathered data.
Results: Among the interviewed women 84.2 % suffer from painful menstruations. Women under 25 years of age are more likely to experience pain, which reduces with age.
Dysmenorrhea is more common among women whose menstrual cycles are irregular (92.5%) with a number of bleeding days 4–7 (90.7 %), though still occurring within the
normal 21–35 days interval (87.6 %). Nulliparous women are more likely to experience menstrual pain (89.9 %).
Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea depends on women’s age, length of menstrual bleeding, length of menstrual cycle and its regularity, age at menarche and parity, but does not
depend on body mass index and smoking status.
DETERMINATION OF THE FREQUENCY OF COMPLICATIONS OF
ABORTION
Authors: Dnistriańska Antonina , Vergeles Konstantin , Stanislavczuk Larisa
Published: October 2020

The problems of abortion complications, both medical and ethical, remain relevant in modern society. We have conducted studies of 265 women who have undergone an induced
abortion. Noted the presence of bleeding, inflammatory diseases, menstrual disorders in a small proportion of patients. The presence of risk factors for the development of
complications during and after an abortion has been determined. Among such risk factors, repeated abortions, hypertension, obesity are noted. Analyzed the degree of anxiety,
fear in women who have had an abortion, depending on religious beliefs, marital status. It was established that the degree of anxiety was the highest before the operation in
unmarried women in comparison with married women After surgery, the rate dropped sharply. Unmarried women did not experience a significant decline. In patients who noted
belonging to religious communities, the degree of anxiety after surgery tended to increase. The feeling of loneliness does not correlate with religiosity and marital status. For
women in marriage, the range of indicators was significant. In some patients after the operation of artificial abortion, the degree of loneliness tended to increase. Prospectively
we plan to assess the degree of anxiety and loneliness in the long-term period after an abortion.
Parafree Center-by-Metabelian Lie Algebras
Authors: VELİOĞLU Zehra
Published: October 2020

Let L be a Lie algebra. Denote the second term of the derived series of L by L'' . We define the parafree
centre-by-metabelian Lie algebras. We prove that if L is a parafree centre-by-metabelian, then the center
of L is L'' . Moreover we show that the algebra L/L'' is parafree metabelian Lie algebra. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Peer mentoring in medical residency education: A systematic review
Authors: Pethrick Helen , Nowell Lorelli , Oddone Paolucci Elizabeth , Lorenzetti Liza , Jacobsen Michele , Clancy Tracey , Lorenzetti Diane
Published: October 2020

Background: Medical residents may experience burnout during their training, and a lack of social support. This can impact their overall wellbeing and ability to master key professional competencies. We explored, in this study, the extent to which peer mentorship promotes psychosocial wellbeing and the development of professional competencies in medical residency education.

Methods: We searched six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Academic Research Complete, ERIC, Education Research Complete) for studies on peer mentoring relationships in medical residency. We selected any study where authors reported on outcomes associated with peer mentoring relationships among medical residents. We applied no date, language, or study design limits to this review.

Results: We included nine studies in this systematic review. We found that medical residents received essential psychosocial supports from peers, and motivation to develop academic and career competencies. Medical residents in peer-mentoring relationships also reported increased overall satisfaction with their residency training programs.

Conclusions: Peer-mentoring relationships can enhance the development of key professional competencies and coping mechanisms in medical residency education. Further rigorous research is needed to examine the comparative benefits of informal and formal peer mentoring, and identify best practices with respect to effective design of peer-mentorship programs.
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC CYCLES IN GREECE: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL REGIONAL ANALYSIS (1988-2016)
Authors: SALVATI Luca
Published: October 2020

Demographic structures have undergone important transformations driven by economic cycles because of population movements and spatially-variable patterns of fertility and mortality. Understanding the latent relationship between changes over time in population structure and sequential waves of expansion and recession is a relevant issue in economic demography. In this regard, the recent history of southern European countries, and especially of Greece, is representative of consecutive economic expansions and recessions. The present study aims at investigating relevant modifications in population structure across Greek regions between 1988 and 2016 using a multi-temporal factor analysis. Being characterized by a relatively young population with traditional family structures, out-migration and moderate immigration up to the late 1980s, Greek demography shifted towards ageing, mononuclear families and a rising immigration rate during the early 2000s economic expansion, with an overall increase of resident population. The subsequent 2007 recession has represented a turning point in Greek demography, consolidating changes in traditional family structures, while stimulating out-migration to northern and western European countries and reducing immigration from developing countries. A diachronic analysis of population structures at sub-national scale indicates a substantial heterogeneity of demographic processes across Greek regions. Metropolitan areas and highly accessible coastal and flat districts including islands experienced rapid population dynamics, while peripheral rural regions underwent a moderate population ageing. Taken together, these processes had a short-term, synergic impact on Greek demographic structure determining a rapid increase in the median population age with possibly negative consequences for the ability of the country's economy to recover from crisis.