bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The collaboration of local governments, municipality waterworks and private in providing drinking water in Merauke Regency
Authors: Saragih D P , Yusuf A P , Adam A F
Published: November 2019

This research aims to: 1) Describe and analyze the collaboration of local governments, Municipality Water Works and private in providing drinking water in Merauke Regency, 2) describe and analyze the process of collaboration of local governments, Municipality Water Works and private drinking water in Merauke Regency. Collecting Data in this study done through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using qualitative analysis. The research results showed that collaboration performed by local governments, Municipality Water Works and private (Waterleiding maatschappij Drenthe) (WMD) Netherlands in the provision of drinking water in Merauke meets indicator negotiations. This can be seen with the advent of parties (Waterleiding maatschappij Drenthe) (WMD) Netherlands directly to meet with the government, municipality water work and dutch (Waterleiding maatschappij Drenthe) (WMD) to reach an agreement and the signing of the partnership do for 15 years. The commitments in the form of the party by three very good i.e. to improve clean water infrastructure, and improve operational performance in the service of provision of drinking water in the Regency of Merauke. However, there are indicators that have not achieved based on the assessment indicators in collaboration, implementation or the implementation of the goals and commitments in the cooperation, this happens because of the presence of barriers both in the field of human resources, finance, material, and method.
Timor street study as a center for sales of crocodile leather crafts in the City of Merauke based on the city design elements criteria
Authors: Raubaba H S , Octavia S , Simorangkir Y V , Sumardi
Published: November 2019

Timor Street is one of the roads in the city of Merauke and has become a phenomenon of gathering places for alligator craftsmen in the center of Merauke City. Timor Street is the main attraction for businessmen and craftsmen of crocodile skin to become a place of business in the form of workshops and displays of their handicrafts. This has become an interest of researchers to identify Timor Street as a center for selling crocodile skin in Merauke City which, if viewed in macro terms, can be linked to the rapid development and development of Merauke City, which is micro-increasing public activity on Timor Street. For this reason, a study of the existing conditions of Timor Street is needed according to the 8 (eight) criteria of the city design according to Hamid Shirvani. This research is a quantitative descriptive study that departs from a survey and collection of primary data taken directly in the field and supported by interviews and questionnaires from various groups of respondents. The data is then compiled, grouped and analyzed according to the elements of the city design delivered by Hamid Shirvani. The results showed that the strategic location in accordance with its use, building form and massing, circulation and parking, open space, pedestrian ways, activity support in the form of public spaces, signage, conservation, and preservation have strong attachments to the function of Timor Street as a center for craft sales crocodile skin in Merauke City.
The development of physics learning materials using multimodal representation to improve the problem-solving skill of high school students based on rosengrant stages
Authors: Simbolon M , Sari D K , Reski A
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the development of physics learning materials using multimodal representation to improve the problem-solving skills of high school students based on Rosengrant stages. The sample used in this study is 69 students from a high school in Bandung. The research sample was divided into 2 classes called the experimental class and the control class. Control class uses usual learning materials in the school while the experimental class using multimodal representation learning materials. The sampling technique in this study using class random sampling. The instrument for obtaining data on students’ problem-solving abilities using essay test instruments on heat and temperature material which consists of 8 questions. The results of this study indicate that the development of physics learning materials using multimodal representation are able to improve students’ problem-solving skill significantly based on Rosengrant stages.
Mathematics teacher performance based on student’s perception and learning achievement by applying structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Nur’aini K D , Ruslau M F V , Palobo M
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to obtain a model of students ‘perceptions on the level of performance of mathematics teachers and to describe the relationship of pedagogical, professional, social and personal competencies to students’ final tes (UAS) grade by applying Structural Equation Modeling data analysis techniques. It is a statistical analysis technique applied to construct and to evaluate statistical models which form of causal models. The population of this study was all junior high school students in Merauke City, Papua. The study sampling technique was proportional random sampling continued to simple random sampling. The number of samples obtained was 436 students. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires of students’ perceptions of mathematics teachers consisting of 31 items. The questionnaires form a Likert scale. Based on the analysis, it obtained the model final test grade = 0.317 pedagogical - 0.085 professional + 0.059 personal - 0.138 social + e33. The study concludes that pedagogical and personal competencies influence the students’ final test grades as well as each of the indicator. To improve student learning achievement, mathematics teachers need to enhance their pedagogical and personal competencies.
Diversion approach as an alternative case resolution son of the conflict with the law on child criminal justice system (case study of Merauke)
Authors: Alputila M J , Tajuddin M A , Kahar
Published: November 2019

In terms of providing protection to children in conflict with the law, the government has made efforts to protect one of them is with the birth of Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Criminal Justice System Child. Where the Criminal Justice System Child is a whole process of settlement of children in conflict with the law, starting from the inquiry stage to the stage after undergoing criminal coaching. The protection of children in conflict with the law in the integrated justice system emphasizes child by placing the child in a special coaching institute child (LPKA). From the data in the hall correctional noted that native son of Papua committing an offense for the year 2018 as many as 52 children and for 2019 to the month of May as many as 24 children, so it can be seen that the crimes or offenses committed by children Papuans very much, Therefore, this study to the purpose to see how the diversion as an alternative approach to settling disputes children in problems in the law on juvenile criminal justice system. The research method is a method of Juridical Empirical legal research done by looking at the facts or issues raised in the public and subject it to the rule of law. In the implementation of diversion level, the police have not been too many who managed to carry out the process of diversion that of the number of cases of children in 2017 as many as 34 cases and succeeded in running a diversion which 7 cases, in 2018 the number of cases of children native Papuans were 52 cases and successfully execute diversion of as many as 11 cases was in 2019 until the month of May were 22 cases and conduct a successful diversion 1 case. the number of cases managed to do more with turnover versioned loss in the form of a sum of money, but at the level of the prosecutor to date, only one case recently successfully implemented in a court diversion and no one has succeeded in carrying out the diversion process. so thatneed the recommendation of the government to do legislatief the reviews related to the terms implementation of diversion, especially the crime of the threat of 7 years but there are no victims in the criminal alleged to the child that needs a special assistance prepared by the local government to the children of the indigenous Papuan conflict with the law.
Production of soybean in the application of Rhizobium spp. and Actinomycetes spp.
Authors: Zainuddin D U , Syam’un E , Dachlan A
Published: November 2019

This study aims at determining the effect of bacteria Rhizobium spp. and Actinomycetes spp. on the production of soybean crops. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture Cultivation of Hasanuddin University and in Tarowang Village, South Galesong District, Takalar District, South Sulawesi, from July to November 2017. The research was conducted in the form of 2 factor factorial experiment arranged in Split Plot Design (SPT). The first factor is the bacteria Rhizobium spp. consists of no Rhizobium spp. and Rhizobium spp. with a density of 1x106 CFU mL-1, and the second factor is Actinomycetes spp., consists of no Actinomycetes spp., Actinomycetes spp. with density of 1x103 CFU mL-1 and 1x106 CFU mL-1. The results showed that interactions of Rhizobium spp. with a density of 1x106 CFU mL-1 and Actinomycetes spp. with a density of 1x103 CFU mL-1 significantly affected the number of root nodules per plant and the number of effective root nodules, but Interactions of Rhizobium spp. with a density of 1x106 CFU mL-1 and Actinomycetes spp. with a density of 1x106 CFU mL-1 no significant increased weight of 100 seeds.. Rhizobium spp. with a density of 1x106 CFU mL-1 significantly increased the number of pods per plant. Actinomycetes spp. with a density of 1x106 CFU mL-1 significantly increased seed weight per plot and seed weight per hectare.
The influence of economic growth on manpower absorption in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Bahasoan A N , Anwar C , Khaldun R I , Tahawa T H B
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of economic growth on employment in the industrial sector of Central Sulawesi Province. This research used secondary data and data analysis method used in this research is Panel Data Regression. The data used in this research are time series data from 2013-2016. The results of this study indicated that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on employment in Central Sulawesi Province. The R-squared value of 0.9853 showed that about 98% of the variations in employment in Central Sulawesi Province in the 2013-2016 periods were affected by economic growth while the remaining 2% were influenced by other factors outside the estimation model.
Effects of hyperbranched polyesters covalent functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Tian Jin , Tan Yefa , Zhang Zhongwei , Wang Xiaolong , Xu Ting , Tang Binghui
Published: November 2019

In order to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites, the hyperbranched polyesters with terminal carboxyl (HBP) were used for covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The dispersibility and wettability of functionalized MWCNTs (HBP-NH2-MWCNTs) in epoxy resin (EP) were analyzed. The HBP-NH2-MWCNTs reinforced EP composites (HBP-NH2-MWCNTs/EP) were prepared. The microhardness and fracture toughness of HBP-NH2-MWCNTs/EP were tested, and the tribological behavior and mechanism under dry friction conditions were investigated. The results show that the hyperbranched polyesters coated on the surface of MWCNTs forms a physical barrier layer, blocking the van der Waals force between MWCNTs, effectively reducing the agglomeration phenomenon and significantly improving its dispersibility and wettability. Meanwhile, The flexible hyperbranched polyester on the surface of MWCNTs alleviates the stress concentration of the interface and improves the load transfer efficiency, which greatly improves the microhardness and fracture toughness. Under dry friction conditions, the friction coefficient and wear loss of HBP-NH2-MWCNTs/EP composites showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing as the content of HBP-NH2-MWCNTs increased from 0.3 phr to 1.2 phr. When the content of HBP-NH2-MWCNT is 0.6 phr, the composites has the lowest friction coefficient and the wear loss, and the wear mechanism is mainly characterized by slight fatigue wear.
On the measure of maximal entropy for finite horizon Sinai Billiard maps
Authors: Baladi Viviane , Demers Mark
Published: November 2019

The Sinai billiard map

T
T

on the two-torus, i.e., the periodic Lorentz gas, is a discontinuous map. Assuming finite horizon, we propose a definition

h
∗

h_*

for the topological entropy of

T
T

. We prove that

h
∗

h_*

is not smaller than the value given by the variational principle, and that it is equal to the definitions of Bowen using spanning or separating sets. Under a mild condition of sparse recurrence to the singularities, we get more: First, using a transfer operator acting on a space of anisotropic distributions, we construct an invariant probability measure

μ
∗

\mu _*

of maximal entropy for

T
T

(i.e.,

h

μ
∗

(
T
)
=

h
∗

h_{\mu _*}(T)=h_*

), we show that

μ
∗

\mu _*

has full support and is Bernoulli, and we prove that

μ
∗

\mu _*

is the unique measure of maximal entropy and that it is different from the smooth invariant measure except if all nongrazing periodic orbits have multiplier equal to

h
∗

h_*

. Second,

h
∗

h_*

is equal to the Bowen–Pesin–Pitskel topological entropy of the restriction of

T
T

to a noncompact domain of continuity. Last, applying results of Lima and Matheus, as upgraded by Buzzi, the map

T
T

has at least

C

e

n

h
∗

C e^{nh_*}

periodic points of period

n
n

for all

n
∈

N

n \in \mathbb {N}

.
Wall’s continued-fraction characterization of Hausdorff moment sequences: A conceptual proof
Authors: Sokal Alan
Published: November 2019

I give an elementary proof of Wall’s continued-fraction characterization of Hausdorff moment sequences.
Notes on Ricci flows with collapsinginitial data (I): Distance distortion
Authors: Huang Shaosai
Published: November 2019

In this note, we prove a uniform distance distortion estimate for Ricci flows with uniformly bounded scalar curvature, independent of the lower bound of the initial

μ
\boldsymbol {\mu }

-entropy. Our basic principle tells us that once correctly renormalized, the metric-measure quantities obey similar estimates as in the noncollapsing case; especially, the lower bound of the renormalized heat kernel, observed on a scale comparable to the initial diameter, matches with the lower bound of the renormalized volume ratio, giving the desired distance distortion estimate.
Migration regulates cellular mechanical states
Authors: Chang Stephanie S. , Rape Andrew D. , Wong Stephanie A. , Guo Wei-hui , Wang Yu-li
Published: November 2019

Cell migration has a profound effect on the generation of traction forces and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins. The mechanism may involve the dynamic turnover of focal adhesions during cell migration and mechanical interactions between nascent and preexisting focal adhesions.
Steric regulation of tandem calponin homology domain actin-binding affinity
Authors: Harris Andrew R. , Belardi Brian , Jreij Pamela , Wei Kathy , Shams Hengameh , Bausch Andreas , Fletcher Daniel A.
Published: November 2019

We show that the affinity of CH1–CH2 domains for F-actin can be both increased and decreased by diverse modifications that change the effective “openness” of CH1 and CH2, which sterically regulates binding to F-actin. We also show that subcellular localization depends on the N-terminal flanking region of CH1 but not on the overall affinity for F-actin.
A Consensus on Minimizing the Risk of Hyaluronic Acid Embolic Visual Loss and Suggestions for Immediate Bedside Management
Authors: Goodman Greg J , Magnusson Mark R , Callan Peter , Roberts Stefania , Hart Sarah , McDonald Cara B , Clague Michael , Rudd Alice , Bekhor Philip S , Liew Steven , Molton Michael , Wallace Katy , Corduff Niamh , Arendse Sean , Manoharan Shobhan , Shamban Ava , Heydenrych Izolda , Bhatia Ashish C , Peng Peter , Pavicic Tatjana , Kapoor Krishan Mohan , Kosenko David E
Published: November 2019

Background

Hyaluronic acid fillers have a satisfactory safety profile. However, adverse reactions do occur, and rarely intravascular injection may lead to blindness. Currently there is no internationally recognized consensus on the prevention or management of blindness from hyaluronic acid filler.

Objectives

The authors sought to give guidance on how to minimize the risk and optimize the management of this rare but catastrophic adverse reaction.

Methods

A multinational group of experts in cosmetic injectables from multiple disciplines convened to review current best practice and develop updated consensus recommendations for prevention and bedside intervention if visual loss occurs after cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid filler.

Results

The consensus group provided specific recommendations focusing on the consenting process, prevention, and early management of visual impairment related to intravascular hyaluronic acid filler injection.

Conclusions

Although visual loss due to filler injections is rare, it is important that both patient and physician be aware of this risk. In this paper the authors describe methods and techniques available to reduce the risk and also document suggested initial management should a clinician find themselves in this situation.

Level of Evidence: 5
BAGSE: a Bayesian hierarchical model approach for gene set enrichment analysis
Authors: Hukku Abhay , Quick Corbin , Luca Francesca , Pique-Regi Roger , Wen Xiaoquan
Published: November 2019

Motivation

Gene set enrichment analysis has been shown to be effective in identifying relevant biological pathways underlying complex diseases. Existing approaches lack the ability to quantify the enrichment levels accurately, hence preventing the enrichment information to be further utilized in both upstream and downstream analyses. A modernized and rigorous approach for gene set enrichment analysis that emphasizes both hypothesis testing and enrichment estimation is much needed.

Results

We propose a novel computational method, Bayesian Analysis of Gene Set Enrichment (BAGSE), for gene set enrichment analysis. BAGSE is built on a Bayesian hierarchical model and fully accounts for the uncertainty embedded in the association evidence of individual genes. We adopt an empirical Bayes inference framework to fit the proposed hierarchical model by implementing an efficient EM algorithm. Through simulation studies, we illustrate that BAGSE yields accurate enrichment quantification while achieving similar power as the state-of-the-art methods. Further simulation studies show that BAGSE can effectively utilize the enrichment information to improve the power in gene discovery. Finally, we demonstrate the application of BAGSE in analyzing real data from a differential expression experiment and a transcriptome-wide association study. Our results indicate that the proposed statistical framework is effective in aiding the discovery of potentially causal pathways and gene networks.

Availability and implementation

BAGSE is implemented using the C++ programing language and is freely available from https://github.com/xqwen/bagse/. Simulated and real data used in this paper are also available at the Github repository for reproducibility purposes.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Differential privacy under dependent tuples—the case of genomic privacy
Authors: Almadhoun Nour , Ayday Erman , Ulusoy Özgür
Published: November 2019

Motivation

The rapid progress in genome sequencing has led to high availability of genomic data. Studying these data can greatly help answer the key questions about disease associations and our evolution. However, due to growing privacy concerns about the sensitive information of participants, accessing key results and data of genomic studies (such as genome-wide association studies) is restricted to only trusted individuals. On the other hand, paving the way to biomedical breakthroughs and discoveries requires granting open access to genomic datasets. Privacy-preserving mechanisms can be a solution for granting wider access to such data while protecting their owners. In particular, there has been growing interest in applying the concept of differential privacy (DP) while sharing summary statistics about genomic data. DP provides a mathematically rigorous approach to prevent the risk of membership inference while sharing statistical information about a dataset. However, DP does not consider the dependence between tuples in the dataset, which may degrade the privacy guarantees offered by the DP.

Results

In this work, focusing on genomic datasets, we show this drawback of the DP and we propose techniques to mitigate it. First, using a real-world genomic dataset, we demonstrate the feasibility of an inference attack on differentially private query results by utilizing the correlations between the entries in the dataset. The results show the scale of vulnerability when we have dependent tuples in the dataset. We show that the adversary can infer sensitive genomic data about a user from the differentially private results of a query by exploiting the correlations between the genomes of family members. Second, we propose a mechanism for privacy-preserving sharing of statistics from genomic datasets to attain privacy guarantees while taking into consideration the dependence between tuples. By evaluating our mechanism on different genomic datasets, we empirically demonstrate that our proposed mechanism can achieve up to 50% better privacy than traditional DP-based solutions.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/nourmadhoun/Differential-privacy-genomic-inference-attack.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simultaneous exposure to nitrate and low pH reduces the blood oxygen-carrying capacity and functional performance of a freshwater fish
Authors: Gomez Isaza Daniel F , Cramp Rebecca L , Franklin Craig E
Published: November 2019

Human activities present aquatic species with numerous of environmental challenges, including excessive nutrient pollution (nitrate) and altered pH regimes (freshwater acidification). In isolation, elevated nitrate and acidic pH can lower the blood oxygen-carrying capacity of aquatic species and cause corresponding declines in key functional performance traits such as growth and locomotor capacity. These factors may pose considerable physiological challenges to organisms but little is known about their combined effects. To characterise the energetic and physiological consequences of simultaneous exposure to nitrate and low pH, we exposed spangled perch (Leiopotherapon unicolor) to a combination of nitrate (0, 50 or 100 mg L−1) and pH (pH 7.0 or 4.0) treatments in a factorial experimental design. Blood oxygen-carrying capacity (haemoglobin concentration, methaemoglobin concentrations and oxygen equilibrium curves), aerobic scope and functional performance traits (growth, swimming performance and post-exercise recovery) were assessed after 28 days of exposure. The oxygen-carrying capacity of fish exposed to elevated nitrate (50 and 100 mg L−1) was compromised due to reductions in haematocrit, functional haemoglobin levels and a 3-fold increase in methaemoglobin concentrations. Oxygen uptake was also impeded due to a right shift in oxygen–haemoglobin binding curves of fish exposed to nitrate and pH 4.0 simultaneously. A reduced blood oxygen-carrying capacity translated to a lowered aerobic scope, and the functional performance of fish (growth and swimming performance and increased post-exercise recovery times) was compromised by the combined effects of nitrate and low pH. These results highlight the impacts on aquatic organisms living in environments threatened by excessive nitrate and acidic pH conditions.
Stink Bugs Nymph and Adult Biology and Adult Preference on Cultivated Crop Plants in the Southern Brazilian Neotropics
Authors: Possebom Taynara , Lucini Tiago , Panizzi Antônio Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Laboratory studies were conducted with Dichelops furcatus (F.), Euschistus heros (F.), and Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aiming to evaluate nymph and adult biology and adult preference for immature reproductive structures of the cultivated plants, soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), and canola, Brassica napus L. var. oleifera (Brassicaceae). Considering the survivorship for D. furcatus nymphs, it was greater on soybean and wheat, for E. heros nymphs it was greater on soybean compared to canola and wheat, and for N. viridula nymphs the survivorship was greater on soybean and canola. Dichelops furcatus nymphs developed faster on soybean and wheat, and E. heros and N. viridula nymphs developed faster on soybean and canola. Body weight at adult emergency for D. furcatus was greater on soybean and wheat, and for E. heros and N. viridula, it was greater on soybean. Adult survivorship and longevity were similar on soybean/wheat/canola for D. furcatus and N. viridula, and greater on soybean for E. heros. Reproduction and weight gain of adults were greater on soybean and wheat for D. furcatus, and on soybean for E. heros; N. viridula reproduced only on soybean and tended to gain greater body weight in this food source. As expected, soybean considering its superior nutritional quality was, in general, the best food. These laboratory studies coupled with field observations allow to conclude that the sequence of soybean/wheat/canola crops in the area studied forms a ‘green bridge’ that favor stink bug populations abundance in southern Brazilian neotropics.
‘Well, what is the feminist perspective on international affairs?’: theory/practice
Authors: Kinsella Helen M. , Shepherd Laura J.
Published: November 2019

This brief introduction elaborates on Marysia Zalewski's significant body of work over the past three decades, which provides not only ample evidence of the benefits of feminist modes of encountering world politics, but also a robust framework for enquiry for scholars of politics and international relations. Her work, while deeply rooted in feminist theories and practice, has implications which go far beyond disciplinary determinations and touch upon, as the symposium demonstrates, the empirics, and the impact of international politics writ large, from finance to terrorism to violence.
Excavating Landmarks—Empirical Contributions to Doctrinal Analysis
Authors: Theil Stefan
Published: November 2019

The idea of landmark cases is ubiquitous in legal scholarship and adjudication. Both scholars who rely on ‘landmark’ cases and those who avoid the label often focus too much attention on a small sample of individual cases when researching legal doctrine. This risks missing important cases and pieces of the doctrinal picture. The article proposes an updated methodology that returns ‘to the basics’ of doctrinal scholarship, but with an empirical twist enabled through modern database technology. The approach is exemplified through the case study of López Ostra v Spain, a well-known environmental human rights decision under the European Convention on Human Rights. Based on a comprehensive data set of all environmental decisions, the article argues that the ‘landmark’ status of López Ostra is less empirically and doctrinally clear than conventionally accepted in legal scholarship.
Information Disclosure and the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: Climate-Related Risk in the UK and France
Authors: Webster Emily
Published: November 2019

Over the last several years there has been increasing recognition and acceptance of the threat that climate change poses to global financial stability and the concurrent need for corporations to identify and account for both climate risks and their impacts on the environment. This has resulted in the emergence of climate risk disclosure (CRD) as a voluntary standard as well as movement on the domestic level to introduce mandatory CRD, demonstrated by the introduction of CRD framework legislation in France. This article conducts a comparative analysis of France and the UK—countries that are adopting divergent methods of legal development towards CRD—to analyse the potential of CRD as a policy tool to aid towards climate change mitigation and the transition to a low-carbon economy, and evaluate how effectively this is being achieved in practice.
Fleas of Shrews and Rodents in Rural Lowland Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hsi-Chieh , Lee Pei-Lung , Kuo Chi-Chien
Published: November 2019

Fleas transmit a variety of pathogens to humans but are relatively understudied in comparison to mosquitoes and ticks, including in Taiwan, where fleas in rural lowlands have never been systematically surveyed. In total, 700 fleas of four species were collected from 1,260 shrews and rodents at nine counties across lowland Taiwan. Nosopsyllus nicanus Jordan (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) and Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) were the most abundant flea species (79.0 and 14.6% of total fleas, respectively); the former was largely limited to the islets, while the latter was restricted to the Taiwan main island. Rattus losea Swinhoe (Rodentia: Muridae) was the most common small mammal species (49.3% of total) and hosted the majority of fleas (88.3% of total). Five Rickettsia spp., including Rickettsia conorii Brumpt (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), Rickettsia felis Bouyer et al. Rickettsia japonica Uchida, Rickettsia raoultii Mediannikov, and Rickettsia rickettsii Brumpt or closely related species, were identified from 67 individually assayed fleas based on ompB and gltA genes. Rickettsia felis, mainly transmitted by fleas, was detected in one X. cheopis in southern Taiwan where a confirmed human case of infection with R. felis has been reported. The presence of R. felis, along with the other four tick-borne Rickettsia spp., demonstrates that a variety of rickettsiae circulate in rural lowland Taiwan and could pose risks to human health.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Treatment and Prevention Practices by Pediatric Infectious Diseases Providers
Authors: Parrish Katelyn L , Salwan Noble K , Thompson Ryley M , Hogan Patrick G , Orscheln Rachel C , Newland Jason G , Fritz Stephanie A
Published: November 2019

We surveyed 323 members of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society about their clinical practices for skin abscess management based on the 2011 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines and contemporary evidence. Despite this guideline and recent randomized trials, variability exists among pediatric infectious diseases clinicians in current skin and soft tissue infection management practices.
Characterization of material around the centaur (2060) Chiron from a visible and near-infrared stellar occultation in 2011
Authors: Sickafoose A A , Bosh A S , Emery J P , Person M J , Zuluaga C A , Womack M , Ruprecht J D , Bianco F B , Zangari A M
Published: November 2019

The centaur (2060) Chiron exhibits outgassing behaviour and possibly hosts a ring system. On 2011 November 29, Chiron occulted a fairly bright star (R ∼ 15 mag) as observed from the 3-m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea and the 2-m Faulkes Telescope North (FTN) at Haleakala. Data were taken as visible wavelength images and simultaneous, low-resolution, near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Here, we present a detailed examination of the light-curve features in the optical data and an analysis of the NIR spectra. We place a lower limit on the spherical diameter of Chiron's nucleus of 160.2 ± 1.3 km. Sharp, narrow dips were observed between 280 and 360 km from the centre (depending on event geometry). For a central chord and assumed ring plane, the separated features are 298.5–302 and 308–310.5 km from the nucleus, with normal optical depth ∼0.5–0.9, and a gap of 9.1 ± 1.3 km. These features are similar in equivalent depth to Chariklo's inner ring. The absence of absorbing/scattering material near the nucleus suggests that these sharp dips are more likely to be planar rings than a shell of material. The region of relatively increased transmission is within the 1:2 spin-orbit resonance, consistent with the proposed clearing pattern for a non-axisymmetric nucleus. Characteristics of possible azimuthally incomplete features are presented, which could be transient, as well as a possible shell from ∼900–1500 km: future observations are needed for confirmation. There are no significant features in the NIR light curves, nor any correlation between optical features and NIR spectral slope.
Application of convolutional neural networks for stellar spectral classification
Authors: Sharma Kaushal , Kembhavi Ajit , Kembhavi Aniruddha , Sivarani T , Abraham Sheelu , Vaghmare Kaustubh
Published: November 2019

Due to the ever-expanding volume of observed spectroscopic data from surveys such as SDSS and LAMOST, it has become important to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for analysing stellar spectra to solve spectral classification and regression problems like the determination of stellar atmospheric parameters Teff, $\rm {\log g}$, and [Fe/H]. We propose an automated approach for the classification of stellar spectra in the optical region using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Traditional machine learning (ML) methods with ‘shallow’ architecture (usually up to two hidden layers) have been trained for these purposes in the past. However, deep learning methods with a larger number of hidden layers allow the use of finer details in the spectrum which results in improved accuracy and better generalization. Studying finer spectral signatures also enables us to determine accurate differential stellar parameters and find rare objects. We examine various machine and deep learning algorithms like artificial neural networks, Random Forest, and CNN to classify stellar spectra using the Jacoby Atlas, ELODIE, and MILES spectral libraries as training samples. We test the performance of the trained networks on the Indo-U.S. Library of Coudé Feed Stellar Spectra (CFLIB). We show that using CNNs, we are able to lower the error up to 1.23 spectral subclasses as compared to that of two subclasses achieved in the past studies with ML approach. We further apply the trained model to classify stellar spectra retrieved from the SDSS data base with SNR > 20.
Feedback from supermassive black holes transforms centrals into passive galaxies by ejecting circumgalactic gas
Authors: Oppenheimer Benjamin D , Davies Jonathan J , Crain Robert A , Wijers Nastasha A , Schaye Joop , Werk Jessica K , Burchett Joseph N , Trayford James W , Horton Ryan
Published: November 2019

Davies et al. established that for L* galaxies the fraction of baryons in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is inversely correlated with the mass of their central supermassive black holes (BHs) in the EAGLE hydrodynamic simulation. The interpretation is that, over time, a more massive BH has provided more energy to transport baryons beyond the virial radius, which additionally reduces gas accretion and star formation. We continue this research by focusing on the relationship between the (1) BH masses (MBH), (2) physical and observational properties of the CGM, and (3) galaxy colours for Milky Way-mass systems. The ratio of the cumulative BH feedback energy over the gaseous halo binding energy is a strong predictor of the CGM gas content, with BHs injecting significantly higher than the binding energy resulting in gas-poor haloes. Observable tracers of the CGM, including $\rm {C\, \small{IV}}$, $\rm {O\, \small{VI}}$, and ${\rm {H\, \small{I}}}$ absorption line measurements, are found to be effective tracers of the total z ∼ 0 CGM halo mass. We use high-cadence simulation outputs to demonstrate that BH feedback pushes baryons beyond the virial radius within 100 Myr time-scales, but that CGM metal tracers take longer (0.5–2.5 Gyr) to respond. Secular evolution of galaxies results in blue, star-forming or red, passive populations depending on the cumulative feedback from BHs. The reddest quartile of galaxies with M* = 1010.2−10.7 M⊙ (median u − r = 2.28) has a CGM mass that is 2.5 times lower than the bluest quartile (u − r = 1.59). We propose observing strategies to indirectly ascertain fCGM via metal lines around galaxies with measured MBH. We predict statistically detectable declines in $\rm {C\, \small{IV}}$ and $\rm {O\, \small{VI}}$ covering fractions with increasing MBH for central galaxies with M* = 1010.2−10.7M⊙.
Plasmodium vivax Malaria Viewed through the Lens of an Eradicated European Strain
Authors: van Dorp Lucy , Gelabert Pere , Rieux Adrien , de Manuel Marc , de-Dios Toni , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Carøe Christian , Sandoval-Velasco Marcela , Fregel Rosa , Olalde Iñigo , Escosa Raül , Aranda Carles , Huijben Silvie , Mueller Ivo , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs , Balloux François , Gilbert M Thomas P , Lalueza-Fox Carles
Published: November 2019

The protozoan Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 42% of all cases of malaria outside Africa. The parasite is currently largely restricted to tropical and subtropical latitudes in Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. Though, it was historically present in most of Europe before being finally eradicated during the second half of the 20th century. The lack of genomic information on the extinct European lineage has prevented a clear understanding of historical population structuring and past migrations of P. vivax. We used medical microscope slides prepared in 1944 from malaria-affected patients from the Ebro Delta in Spain, one of the last footholds of malaria in Europe, to generate a genome of a European P. vivax strain. Population genetics and phylogenetic analyses placed this strain basal to a cluster including samples from the Americas. This genome allowed us to calibrate a genomic mutation rate for P. vivax, and to estimate the mean age of the last common ancestor between European and American strains to the 15th century. This date points to an introduction of the parasite during the European colonization of the Americas. In addition, we found that some known variants for resistance to antimalarial drugs, including Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine, were already present in this European strain, predating their use. Our results shed light on the evolution of an important human pathogen and illustrate the value of antique medical collections as a resource for retrieving genomic information on pathogens from the past.
Four Relational Experiences in Music Therapy with Adults with Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability
Authors: Swaney Maybelle
Published: November 2019

This paper describes a conceptual framework in music therapy with adults with severe and profound levels of intellectual disability. Drawing from Carl Rogers’ person-centered work and his notion of the good life as a direction, the author presents four core relational experiences (curiosity, invitation, celebration, and recognition) that underpin the therapeutic process with this client population. Case vignettes from the author’s clinical work illustrate how core experiences are presented through improvisational musical experiences. Considerations are given to the clinical significance of good-life-oriented experiences on the emotional health of individuals with severe and profound intellectual disability, and to its implications beyond the music therapy space.
Biological activity of weekly ONC201 in adult recurrent glioblastoma patients
Authors: Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Odia Yazmin , Prabhu Varun V , Tarapore Rohinton S , Merdinger Krystal , Stogniew Martin , Oster Wolfgang , Allen Joshua E , Mehta Minesh , Batchelor Tracy T , Wen Patrick Y
Published: November 2019

Background

ONC201 is a dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist that penetrates the blood–brain barrier. ONC201 efficacy has been shown in glioblastoma animal models and is inversely correlated with dopamine receptor DRD5 expression. ONC201 is well tolerated in adult recurrent glioblastoma patients with dosing every 3 weeks and has achieved an objective radiographic response in a patient harboring the H3 K27M mutation.

Methods

In a window-of-opportunity arm, 6 adult subjects initiated ONC201 prior to re-resection of recurrent glioblastoma with intratumoral concentrations as the primary endpoint. An additional 20 adults with recurrent glioblastoma received single agent weekly oral ONC201 at 625 mg, with progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria as the primary endpoint.

Results

The window-of-opportunity arm achieved its primary endpoint with intratumoral ONC201 concentrations at ~24 hours following the second weekly dose ranging from 600 nM to 9.3 µM. Intratumoral pharmacodynamics assessed by activating transcriptional factor 4, death receptor 5, and apoptosis induction relative to archival samples were observed with the strongest intensity and uniformity among patients with low DRD5 tumor expression. The primary endpoint of PFS6 by RANO was not achieved at 5% in this molecularly unselected cohort; however, 1 of 3 patients enrolled with the H3 K27M mutation had a complete regression of enhancing multifocal lesions that remained durable for >1.5 years. No treatment modifications or discontinuations due to toxicity were observed, including in those who underwent re-resection.

Conclusions

Weekly ONC201 is well tolerated, and meaningful intratumoral concentrations were achieved. ONC201 may be biologically active in a subset of adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Modern Band, Songwriting, and Curricular Innovation
Authors: Randles Clint
Published: November 2019

This chapter seeks to provide a rationale and practical steps for teacher educators to begin a process of curricular development centered on songwriting and modern band as a means of diversifying curricular offerings in K–12 schools. Songwriting is presented as a primary avenue for curricular growth when preceded by quality authentic musical experiences centered on the arrangement and performance of cover songs. Suggestions are presented for how to begin teaching preservice music teachers how to write songs. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of continuing to develop the quality of our sustaining technologies—widespread musical offerings such as standardized band, choir, and orchestra—while working to bring disruptive technologies more and more into the mainstream.
The State of Being LGBT in the Age of Reaction
Authors: Birdal Mehmet Sinan
Published: November 2019

This chapter provides an overview of LGBT politics in the Middle East and North Africa region, with a specific focus on Egypt, Lebanon, Tunisia, and Turkey. It argues that LGBT movements in these countries must be understood within the context of how the state is engaged in a broader range of authoritarian and/or state-centered regulations of social movements after the period of the Arab Spring. It also illustrates how the current regulation of LGBT rights has historical roots in the understanding of sexual identities during the colonial era. The chapter argues, therefore, that the understanding of LGBT rights as part of a “progress” or “democratization” narrative is simplistic and does not account for the historical and structural conditions that created the contexts and possibilities for contemporary LGBT organizing.
Academia versus Activism
Authors: Altman Dennis
Published: November 2019

This chapter was inspired by reading a number of contributions to The Oxford Handbook of Global LGBT and Sexual Diversity Politics and asks three interconnected questions: How can one best understand the range of experiences of and the attitudes toward people whose sexual orientation or gender expression is regarded as diverging from socially prescribed norms? Is the language of sexual rights the most appropriate in defending sexual and gender diversity when there appears to be growing global polarization around issues of sexuality? And how do we reconcile the growing gap between academic and activist understandings of sexual diversity and rights?
Latin America’s Structural Transformation Patterns
Authors: Ocampo José Antonio
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines patterns of structural transformation in Latin America, with particular emphasis on the changing role of industrialization and export structures in the region’s development process. The discussion draws on the notion of ‘dynamic efficiency’—that the capacity to constantly generate new dynamic activities, with increasing knowledge contents, is the key to rapid economic growth. The chapter first provides an overview of the commodity export age before analysing the period of rapid industrialization termed ‘state-led industrialization’. It then considers the process of structural change during the period of market reforms, specifically the long de-industrialization that it generated and the more recent re-primarization of the region’s export structure. It shows that state-led industrialization was a period of success for Latin American economies in terms of structural transformation and economic growth, whereas market reforms have been associated with slow economic growth.
Financing Industrial Development in Korea and Implications For Africa
Authors: Lee Keun
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines the implications of Korea’s industrial policy and financing for African economies that are trying to build their industrial bases. It considers industrial policy as essentially building the capabilities of private firms to sustain long-term economic growth and looks at the role of the government or industrial policy in this process of capability building. The chapter first provides an overview of the financial systems and industrial policy in Korea, focusing on the nature of financial control by the government and the roles and evolution of key development banks such as the Korea Development Bank. It then discusses three episodes of industrial policy and financing in these cases involving POSCO, targeted development of bottleneck technologies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and leapfrogging into digital TV since the mid-1990s. Finally, it assesses the significance of the Korean experience for Africa, especially with regards to export manufacturing and resource-based development.
Beyond the Office Walls: Ethical Challenges of Home Treatment, and Other Out-of-Office Therapies
Authors: Zur Ofer , Trachsel Manuel
Published: November 2019

Interactions between patients and therapists outside the walls of the office include different forms, for example, home treatment, outdoor or adventure therapy, and clinical interventions not possible in the office such as in vivo desensitization in the treatment of phobias. Such interactions pose particular ethical questions pertaining to confidentiality, time, location, flexibility, complexity, unpredictability, and safety considerations. Furthermore, they raise complex issues in regard to the standard of care, the acceptability of such intervention and its legitimacy as a reimbursable medical procedure. Professional organizations’ codes of ethics neither specifically mention out-of-office experiences nor state that they are unethical. It is argued that clinically driven, out-of-office interventions with the patient’s welfare in mind are clearly within the standard of care, and are neither unethical per se nor lead to exploitation or harm. Sometimes, not leaving the office can even be unethical as it deprives patients of the best possible care.