bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
13. Dance and ‘Folk Devils’
Authors: Nilsson Mats
Published: July 2020

This chapter discusses how new dances, especially when danced by young people, tend to be seen as a negative and even evil influence by elder members of society. Using the concepts of the British sociologist Stanley Cohen, ‘moral panic’ and ‘folk devils’, it explores the reception of the Waltz and other couple dances in different historical contexts, while referring to a number of international research publications in the process. In its conclusion, it questions how adaptable these concepts are in contemporary studies and takes a look at some of the newest attitudes towards certain dance types and dance courses.
Schizophrenia, human rights and access to health care: A systematic search and review of judgements by the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Wigand Moritz E , Orzechowski Marcin , Nowak Marianne , Becker Thomas , Steger Florian
Published: July 2020

Background:

Persons with schizophrenia are vulnerable regarding human rights violations.

Aims:

The aim of this research is to systematically analyse judgements by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) involving persons with schizophrenia.

Methods:

A systematic search of judgements by the ECtHR, using the search term ‘schizophrenia’. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative thematic analysis were performed.

Results:

A total of n = 105 judgements were included, originating in n = 29 countries. Article 5 (Right to liberty and security) of the European Convention on Human Rights was ruled by the ECtHR to have been violated in 45.7% of judgements, Article 3 (Prohibition of torture) in 20.0% and Article 8 (Right to respect for private and family life) in 19.0%. Relevant themes were inadequate access to mental health care, especially in prisons and during police operations, involuntary confinement, detention and ill-treatment as a risk factor for psychosis, the right to family life versus the rights of others, extradition/expulsion and protection of other persons’ human rights against violent behaviour by persons with schizophrenia.

Discussion:

Persons with schizophrenia often do not receive adequate treatment and are especially vulnerable in prisons, where ill-treatment can be an additional risk factor. They can have both offender and victim status. The judgements suggest that the ECtHR has a balanced view on involuntary confinement. National legislation and internal hospital guidelines should be written in a manner to help minimise human rights violations against persons with schizophrenia.
Effect of MWCNT carboxyl functionalization on the shear rheological and electrical properties of HMS-PP/MWCNT foams
Authors: Bianchin Olavo S , Melo Guilherme HF , Bretas Rosario ES
Published: July 2020

Different concentrations of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carboxyl functionalized MWCNT (MWCNT-COOH) were added to a high melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP) to produce foams with high dielectric constants, using azodicarbonamide (AZO) as blowing agent. The AZO foaming behavior and the crystallization, thermal properties, steady state and oscillatory shear rheological properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analyses (TGA) and parallel plate rheometry. The morphology, the dielectric and dynamic mechanical properties (DMTA) of the foams were also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), impedance spectroscopy and bending method, respectively. A decrease in crystallite size and an increase in the HMS-PP overall crystallinity promoted by the presence of both types of MWCNTs was observed, as well as an increase in the crystallization temperatures. From these results and from the analyses of the rheological properties, it was possible to predict that the 5 wt.% MWCNT foam would have the lowest bubble growth rate, the 1.5 wt.% MWCNT-COOH the highest, while the 3 wt.% MWCNT-COOH composition would have the slowest bubble stability (and consequently the highest cellular density) and the 1.5 wt.% MWCNT-COOH the fastest. Also, it was possible to predict that only the 5 wt.% MWCNT-COOH foam would have a percolated and electrically conductive structure. All these predictions were confirmed by the resultant morphology and impedance spectroscopy results. The highest mechanical damping was displayed by the 3 wt.% MWCNT-COOH foam, while the lowest by the 5 wt.% MWCNT-COOH foam. Regarding the dielectric properties, the 1.5 wt% MWCNT-COOH foam was found to be the most suitable to be used as a capacitor material; this foam was also the less dense of all the samples.
Implicit Theories of Emotion, Goals for Emotion Regulation, and Cognitive Responses to Negative Life Events
Authors: Moumne Samira , Hall Nathan , Böke Bilun Naz , Bastien Laurianne , Heath Nancy
Published: July 2020

Why do some people routinely respond to emotional difficulty in ways that foster resilience, while others habitually engage in responses associated with deleterious consequences over time? This study examined relations between emotion controllability beliefs and goals for emotion regulation (ER) with peoples’ multivariate profile of cognitive ER strategy use. Cluster analysis classified 481 university students (81% female) as adaptive, maladaptive, or low regulators based on their multivariate profile of engagement in five adaptive and four maladaptive cognitive ER strategies. A discriminant function analysis predicting the multivariate profiles supported that lower emotion controllability beliefs and lower performance-avoidance goals for ER significantly distinguished maladaptive regulators from adaptive regulators. Moreover, lower learning, performance-avoidance, and performance-approach goals for ER significantly distinguished low regulators from maladaptive and low regulators. Taken together, findings support that emotion-related beliefs and goals may help to clarify why some people habitually engage in more adaptive patterns of cognitive ER in response to negative life events than others.
Numerical and experimental studies of gas–liquid flow and pressure drop in multiphase pump valves
Authors: Ma Yi , Zhang Minjia , Luo Huashuai
Published: July 2020

A numerical and experimental study was carried out to investigate the two-phase flow fields of the typical three valves used in the multiphase pumps. Under the gas volume fraction conditions in the range of 0%–100%, the three-dimensional steady and dynamic two-phase flow characteristics, pressure drops, and their multipliers of the ball valve, cone valve, and disk valve were studied, respectively, using Eulerian–Eulerian approach and dynamic grid technique in ANSYS FLUENT. In addition, a valve test system was built to verify the simulated results by the particle image velocimetry and pressure test. The flow coefficient CQ (about 0.989) of the disk valve is greater than those of the other valves (about 0.864) under the steady flow with a high Reynolds number. The two-phase pressure drops of the three valves fluctuate in different forms with the vibration of the cores during the dynamic opening. The two-phase multipliers of the fully opened ball valve are consistent with the predicted values of the Morris model, while those of the cone valve and disk valve had the smallest differences with the predicted values of the Chisholm model. Through the comprehensive analysis of the flow performance, pressure drop, and dynamic stability of the three pump valves, the disk valve is found to be more suitable for the multiphase pumps due to its smaller axial space, resistance loss, and better flow capacity.
A Hermeneutical Exploration of the Revelatory Text of John 4:1–42, in a Performative Key
Authors: Heaney Maeve Louise
Published: July 2020

This article makes a case for the use of music in biblical interpretation and theological method. It places the hermeneutical approach to Scripture developed by Sandra Schneiders from the work of Gadamer and Ricoeur into dialogue with theopoetical approaches to theological thought. Musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez’s method for analyzing musical meaning frames the analysis of an original piece of music, offered as a second naiveté, transformative interpretation of the Johannine narrative of the Samaritan woman in John 4:1–42.
Living With Cognitive Impairment in China: Exploring Dyadic Experiences Through a Person-Centered Care Lens
Authors: Wang Jing , Corazzini Kirsten N. , McConnell Eleanor S. , Ding Ding , Xu Hanzhang , Wei Sijia , Wu Bei
Published: July 2020

China has experienced a substantial increase in the number of older adults with dementia and milder forms of cognitive impairment. Being spouses of Persons with cognitive impairment (PWCI) and living with them for several decades does not necessarily mean that it is easier for them to provide person-centered care and maintain a valued and healthy relationship. The current study explored how elements of PCC, as operationalized by the Senses Framework, operate or fail to operate in the dyadic experiences of PWCI and their spousal care partners within the socio-cultural context of China. Our findings suggest that PWCI and their spouses experience the six senses through the person-centeredness in their daily interactions with each other. It also indicated successes and challenges to being person-centered early in the disease and identified their unmet needs as well as barriers and facilitators to improve their well-being.
Understanding Health and Social Challenges for Aging and Long-Term Care in China
Authors: Yang Wei , Wu Bei , Tan Si Ying , Li Bingqin , Lou Vivian W. Q. , Chen Zhuo (Adam) , Chen Xi , Fletcher James Rupert , Carrino Ludovico , Hu Bo , Zhang Anwen , Hu Min , Wang Yixiao
Published: July 2020

The second King’s College London Symposium on Ageing and Long-term Care in China was convened from 4 to 5th July 2019 at King’s College London in London. The aim of the Symposium was to have a better understanding of health and social challenges for aging and long-term care in China. This symposium draws research insights from a wide range of disciplines, including economics, public policy, demography, gerontology, public health and sociology. A total of 20 participants from eight countries, seek to identify the key issues and research priorities in the area of aging and long-term care in China. The results published here are a synthesis of the top four research areas that represent the perspectives from some of the leading researchers in the field.
Low Involvement and Ineffective Monitoring Link Mothers’ Work-Family Conflict and Adolescent Self-Control
Authors: Li Jian-Bin , Dou Kai
Published: July 2020

Understanding what explains the individual differences in adolescent self-control is crucial, given the importance of self-control to positive youth development. This research examines the extent to which mothers’ work–family conflict (WFC) associates with adolescent self-control via parenting (i.e., involvement, positive parenting, poor monitoring/supervision, and corporal punishment). One hundred and eighty-eight Chinese mother–child dyads participated in the research. Mothers reported on their WFC and parenting at T1, and adolescents rated their self-control 2.5 months later. Results of mediation model found that low involvement and poor monitoring/supervision linked the association between mothers’ WFC and adolescent self-control, net the effect of child sex, family socioeconomic status, and mothers’ marriage and working status. These findings suggest that boosting working mothers’ involvement and monitoring/supervision could be promising ways to nurture their adolescent children’s self-control, particularly for mothers with high WFC.
Immunological therapeutics in acute aortic syndrome
Authors: Rimmer Lara Jane , Moughal Saad , Bashir Mohamad
Published: July 2020

Acute aortic syndrome is a group of interlinked conditions with common presenting symptoms, including aortic dissection, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and intramural hematoma. Pharmacological management of acute aortic syndrome is a growing area, with key themes to address the underlying inflammatory pathways believed to be the cause. Research into interleukins, matrix metalloproteinases, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor are just some of the many immunological properties being investigated and translated into medical therapies. Stem cell experiments may indicate further advances in the pathologies of acute aortic syndrome. The study of pharmacogenomics to improve treatment across different genomes is also a novel area outlined in this paper.
Using bilateral radial arteries in coronary artery bypass grafting is safe
Authors: Ua-anusorn Karanrat , Tocharoenchok Teerapong , Subtaweesin Thaworn
Published: July 2020

Background

Recent studies have revealed that radial artery grafts have excellent patency rates. However, harvesting of the radial artery is generally limited to the non-dominant forearm. We would like to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of bilateral radial artery harvesting.

Methods

We enrolled 173 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. Bilateral RA were used in 64 cases and unilateral in 109. The primary endpoint was post-harvest forearm and hand complications.

Results

Forearm and hand complications occurred immediately postoperatively in 28.1% of the bilateral radial artery group, significantly more than in the unilateral radial artery group (8.3%). During follow-up, no overall difference was found in post-harvest forearm and hand complications. However, the forearm and hand perception score in the bilateral radial artery group was higher: 8.78 ± 1.45 vs. 8.35 ± 0.84 in the unilateral radial artery group. Subgroup analysis in the bilateral radial artery group revealed no significant difference in forearm and hand perception score between the dominant and non-dominant donor forearms (8.78 ± 1.45 in non-dominant and 8.66 ± 1.00 in dominant forearms). The bilateral radial artery group had more arterial coronary anastomoses, longer operative times, and longer cardiopulmonary bypass times. However, a backward multiple linear regression model revealed that only two factors related to operative time, these were the number of arterial distal coronary anastomosis and cardiopulmonary bypass time.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that bilateral radial artery conduits can be used effectively and safely with no difference in persistent complications related to the hands and forearms.
Fresh- and lean-pork intake in relation to functional limitations among US older adults, 2005–2016
Authors: An Ruopeng , Nickols-Richardson Sharon M , Alston Reginald J , Shen Sa , Clarke Caitlin
Published: July 2020

Background:

Pork consumption, in particular fresh/lean-pork consumption, provides protein and other essential micronutrients that older adults need daily and may hold the potential to prevent functional limitations resulting from sub-optimal nutrition.

Aim:

Assess fresh/lean-pork intake in relation to functional limitations among older adults in the USA.

Methods:

Individual-level data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016 waves. Nineteen validated questions assessed five functional limitation domains: activities of daily living (ADLs); instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs); leisure and social activities (LSAs); lower extremity mobility (LEM); and general physical activities (GPAs). Logistic regressions were performed to examine pork, fresh-pork and fresh lean-pork intake in relation to functional limitations among NHANES older adults ( n = 6135).

Results:

Approximately 21, 18 and 16% of older adults consumed pork, fresh pork and fresh lean pork, respectively. An increase in pork consumption by 1 oz-equivalent/day was associated with a reduced odds of ADLs by 12%, IADLs by 10% and any functional limitation by 7%. An increase in fresh-pork consumption by 1 oz-equivalent/day was associated with a reduced odds of ADLs by 13%, IADLs by 10%, GPAs by 8%, and any functional limitation by 8%. Similar effects were found for fresh lean-pork consumption on ADLs, IADLs, GPAs and any functional limitation.

Conclusion:

This study found some preliminary evidence linking fresh/lean-pork consumption to a reduced risk of functional limitations. Future studies with longitudinal/experimental designs are warranted to examine the influence of fresh/lean-pork consumption on functional limitations.
Perceived harm, motivations for use and subjective experiences of recreational psychedelic ‘magic’ mushroom use
Authors: Roberts Carl A , Osborne-Miller Isaac , Cole Jon , Gage Suzanne H , Christiansen Paul
Published: July 2020

Background:

Data on actual harm of magic mushrooms suggest that toxicity and abuse potential is low, however, their legal status suggests otherwise. We aimed to gauge perception of harm of magic mushrooms in both users and mushroom-naïve participants. We also aimed to observe differences in expectations of effects between users and mushroom-naïve participants, and whether motivations for use predicted their expected effects.

Method:

In total, 73 polydrug users with experience of using magic mushrooms and 78 mushroom-naïve participants completed an online survey. We asked participants to rank a list of 10 substances from most dangerous to least dangerous and questioned them about expectation of effect using a modified magic mushroom expectation questionnaire. Users were asked about their motivations for using magic mushrooms.

Results:

Both groups perceive mushrooms to be safer than heroin, cocaine, prescription painkillers, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), ecstasy, tobacco and alcohol. However, the mushroom-naïve group ranked mushrooms as significantly more dangerous than the user group. Non-users reported greater expectancy for negative intoxication. Users reported greater expected entactogenic, prosocial, aesthetic and mood effects, and perceptual alterations. Finally, expectant effects of mushroom use were associated with different motivations for use, for example using for personal psychotherapy was associated with expectation of increased entactogenic effects and decreased negative effects.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest a general perception of harm that is in line with data on actual harm, but at odds with current legal classifications. Future clinical investigations may require management of negative intoxication expectation of participants with no prior experience of psilocybin.
Trends in risky prescriptions of opioid analgesics from 2011 to 2015 in Northern Germany
Authors: Verthein Uwe , Buth Sven , Daubmann Anne , Martens Marcus-Sebastien , Schulte Bernd
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Due to their euphoric and sedative effects, opioid analgesics have high potential for abuse and dependence. In the last decade in the USA and many Western European Countries the prescription rates of opioid analgesics have steadily increased.

Objective:

This study describes 5-year trends in the prescription of opioid analgesics and risk indicators such as duration, dose and ‘doctor shopping’ in Northern Germany.

Methods:

The annual rates of opioid analgesic prescriptions have been analysed for patients with statutory health insurance processed by the North German Pharmacy Data Center for the years 2011–2015. A distinction was made between non-cancer patients and cancer patients, and different groups according to prescription duration and dose level.

Results:

Between 2011 and 2015, the annual number of patients with opioid analgesic prescriptions increased from 500,000 to 550,000. About half of non-cancer-patients (85% of the total sample) and cancer patients received opioid analgesics for 90 days or less. The rates for long-term prescriptions (⩾9 months) ranged between 6–7% for non-cancer patients and 7–8% for cancer patients. Between 1.2–1.8% received opioid analgesics in doses of more than two defined daily doses. The majority of non-cancer patients with opioid analgesic prescriptions were female. The average age of non-cancer patients was 66 years. About 80% of non-cancer patients with first opioid analgesic prescription received World Health Organization step II medication.

Conclusion:

For the first time, this study provides comprehensive patient-related analyses of opioid analgesic prescriptions in Germany over a 5-year period. Despite a slight increase in the overall number of opioid analgesic prescriptions, an epidemic spread of opioid analgesics cannot be observed.
Return to Golf After Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salem Hytham S. , Park Do H. , Thon Stephen G. , Bravman Jonathan T. , Seidl Adam J. , McCarty Eric C. , Frank Rachel M.
Published: July 2020

Background:

The number of golfers aged ≥65 years has increased in recent years, and shoulder arthritis is prevalent in this age group. Guidelines for return to golf (RTG) after shoulder arthroplasty have not been fully established.

Purpose:

To review the data available in the current literature on RTG after shoulder arthroplasty.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed. Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using the terms “shoulder,”“arthroplasty,”“replacement,” and “golf.” The authors sought to include all studies investigating RTG after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), shoulder hemiarthroplasty (HA), and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Outcomes of interest included indications for shoulder arthroplasty, surgical technique, rehabilitation protocol, amount of time between surgery and resumption of golf activity, and patient-reported outcome measures.

Results:

A total of 10 studies were included, 2 of which reported on golf performance after shoulder arthroplasty. The other 8 studies described return to sports after shoulder arthroplasty with golf-specific data for our analysis. Three studies that included patients who underwent TSA reported RTG rates ranging from 89% to 100% after mean follow-up periods of 5.1 to 8.4 months. Two studies included patients who underwent TSA and HA and reported RTG rates of 77% and 100% after mean intervals of 5.8 and 4.5 months, respectively. Two studies included patients who underwent RSA, with RTG rates of 50% and 79% after mean postoperative intervals of 5.3 and 6 months, respectively. One study included only patients undergoing HA, with an RTG rate of 54% and a mean RTG time of 6.5 months. Varying surgical procedures and baseline patient characteristics precluded our ability to draw conclusions regarding surgical technique, rehabilitation protocol, or patient-reported outcome measures among studies reporting these data.

Conclusion:

Most patients who undergo a shoulder arthroplasty procedure can expect to resume playing golf approximately 6 months after the index procedure. The rate of return may be lower after RSA and HA as compared with anatomic TSA. The data presented in our review can help physicians counsel patients who wish to continue golf participation after a shoulder arthroplasty procedure.
Breathing-focused Yoga as Augmentation for Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial: Le yoga axé sur la respiration comme traitement d’appoint pour la dépression unipolaire et bipolaire: Un essai randomisé contrôlé
Authors: Ravindran Arun V. , McKay Martha S. , Silva Tricia da , Tindall Claudia , Garfinkel Tiffany , Paric Angela , Ravindran Lakshmi
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Patients with depression frequently experience persistent residual symptoms even with optimal interventions. These patients often use complementary treatments, including yoga, as a preferred alternative or adjunctive treatment. There is evidence for the benefit of yoga for depression, but this has not been rigorously evaluated, particularly in bipolar depression. We aimed to determine the feasibility and benefit of manualized breathing-focused yoga in comparison to psychoeducation as augmentation to pharmacotherapy for improving residual symptoms of depression in unipolar and bipolar patients.

Methods:

Using a randomized single-blind crossover design, 72 outpatients with unipolar or bipolar depression were augmented with the two 8-week interventions at separate times, as add-ons to current first-line antidepressants and mood stabilizers. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Due to the high dropout of participants after crossover at Week 8, analysis focused on between-group comparisons of yoga and psychoeducation during the initial 8 weeks of the study.

Results:

There was a significant decline in depressive symptoms, as measured by the MADRS, following 8 weeks of yoga. However, there was no significant difference in MADRS ratings between intervention groups. Similar improvements in self-rated depressive symptoms and well-being were also observed across time.

Conclusions:

Both yoga and psychoeducation may improve residual symptoms of unipolar and bipolar depression as add-on to medications. In-class group sessions and long study durations may reduce feasibility for this population. Larger trials with parallel group design and shorter duration may be more feasible.
The Ventilator Management Team: Repurposing Anesthesia Workstations and Personnel to Combat COVID-19
Authors: Canelli Robert , Spence Nicole , Kumar Nisha , Rodriguez Gerardo , Gonzalez Mauricio
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in unprecedented numbers of patients with respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. The number of patients who required critical care quickly outpaced the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. Consequently, health care systems had to creatively expand critical care services into alternative hospital locations with repurposed staff and equipment. Deploying anesthesia workstations to the ICU to serve as mechanical ventilators requires equipment preparation, multidisciplinary planning, and targeted education. We aim to contextualize this process, highlighting major differences between anesthesia workstations and ICU ventilators, and to share the insights gained from our experiences creating an anesthesia provider-based ventilator management team.
Future Time Perspective, Career Adaptability, Anxiety, and Career Decision-Making Difficulty: Exploring Mediations and Moderations
Authors: Jia Yin , Hou Zhi-Jin , Zhang Hang , Xiao Yitao
Published: July 2020

The current study investigates how future time perspective (FTP) is linked to career decision-making difficulty among 1,074 Chinese undergraduates. We specifically examined different components of FTP (valence and connectedness) as well as their interactions. The results confirmed the following: (1) Valence is positively associated with career decision-making difficulty, whereas connectedness is negatively associated with anxiety and career decision-making difficulty; (2) both career adaptability and anxiety significantly mediate the link from valence/connectedness to career decision-making difficulty, and the serial mediations of valence/connectedness–career adaptability–anxiety–decision-making difficulty are significant; and (3) connectedness moderates the association of valence with career adaptability and career decision-making difficulty but not its association with anxiety. The relationship between valence and career adaptability is higher at a lower level of connectedness, and the relationship between valence and decision-making difficulty is weaker at a higher level of connectedness. Implications for incorporating FTP into adaptability-based career intervention practices are discussed.
Mathematical model of the artificial muscle with two actuators
Authors: Kevac Ljubinko B , Filipovic Mirjana M , Djuric Ana M
Published: July 2020

Characteristic construction of cable-suspended parallel robot of artificial muscle, which presents an artificial forearm, is analyzed and synthesized. Novel results were achieved and presented. Results presented in this paper were initially driven to recognize and mathematically define undefined geometric relations of the artificial forearm since it was found that they strongly affect the dynamic response of this system. It gets more complicated when one has more complex system, which uses more artificial muscle subsystems, since these subsystems couple and system becomes more unstable. Unmodeled or insufficiently modeled dynamics can strongly affect the system’s instability. Because of that, the construction of this system and its new mathematical model are defined and presented in this paper. Generally, it can be said that the analysis of geometry of selected mechanism is the first step and very important step to establish the structural stability of these systems. This system is driven with two actuators, which need to work in a coordinated fashion. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the geometry of this solution, which then strongly affects the system’s kinematics and dynamics. To determine the complexity of this system, it was presumed that system has rigid cables. Idea is to show the importance of good defined geometry of the system, which gives good basis for the definition of mathematical model of the system. Novel program package AMCO, artificial muscle contribution, was defined for the validation of the mathematical model of the system and for choice of its parameters. Sensitivity of the system to certain parameters is very high and hence analysis of this system needs to be done with a lot of caution. Some parameters are very influential on the possible implementation of the given task of the system. Only after choosing the parameters and checking the system through certain simulation results, control structure can be defined. In this paper, proportional–derivative controller was chosen.
New evidence from the Qugong site in the central Tibetan Plateau for the prehistoric Highland Silk Road
Authors: Gao Yu , Yang Jishuai , Ma Zhikun , Tong Yan , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: July 2020

Located in the central Eurasia, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a key area for the spread of culture, technology, and species. However, the Plateau’s role in the prehistoric food globalization has been underestimated due to the lack of archeological materials. The Qugong site was the only scientifically excavated site in the central TP up to now. It is the earliest and among the most important prehistoric settlements in the central TP, with charcoals dated to 3750–3500 cal. BP. Wild deer (Cervidae) and domesticated yak ( Bos grunniens) and sheep ( Ovis aries) remains were unearthed, but no archeobotanical studies had been conducted. Here we present new radiocarbon data from charred seeds as well as archeobotanical data of the Qugong site. Dating back to 3400 cal. BP, there were foxtail millet ( Setaria italica), broomcorn millet ( Panicum miliaceum), wheat ( Triticum aestivum), hulled barley ( Hordeum vulgare), naked barley ( Hordeum vulgare var. nudum), and bitter buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) identified at this site. We propose that millets in the central TP came from the eastern TP, while wheat and barley here probably came from northern South Asia. It indicates that the Eastern and Western cultures arrived in the central TP in prehistory via different routes in late fourth millennium BP. The intercultural communications not only flourished the prehistoric central TP but also laid the foundation for the later ‘Highland Silk Road’.
The temporalities of free knowledge work: Making time for media engagement
Authors: Worth Nancy , Karaagac Esra Alkim
Published: July 2020

This article situates media engagement as an under-examined form of knowledge work, offering a nuanced discussion of the temporalities of media work from the perspective of expert sources and contributors. Using in-depth interviews with expert women in Canada, we focus on the temporality of media engagement to understand the complexities of this labour—that it is often unpaid, ad hoc, and contingent. We offer three key findings: First, there is an ongoingness to media participation; preparation, training, and responding to comments are less visible forms of work beyond the obvious media contact. Unpacking the ongoingness of media engagement highlights the temporalities hidden within the extended present of media work. Second, contributors need to make time for this impromptu knowledge work, a complex process involving decisions about the value of each engagement. We argue that contributing to the media demands not only the knowledge work of being a source but also the labour to make and manage the time to contribute. Third, paying attention to the spacetimes of media engagement reveals the inequalities of this work. Contributing to the media often requires working beyond typical (paid) work hours and spaces, bringing additional burdens on women who do more caring and household labour. Examining the temporalities of media engagement as a form of invisible ‘free’ labour—and as a form of knowledge work that occurs inside other knowledge work—allows us to consider how work is changing in the new economy.
Telemediated Training in the Home as a Part of the Everyday Life and Practice With Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Rayce Kathrine , Rosenbek Minet Lisbeth , Kidholm Kristian , Vestbo Jørgen , Pedersen Claus Duedal , Huniche Lotte
Published: July 2020

Patients with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) conduct their everyday lives under shortness of breath. The aim of this study was to explore telemediated exercise training to patients at home, with the conduct of everyday life as a theoretical framework. Based on ethnographic fieldwork involving a hospital, two municipalities, and homes of 11 patients from 2013 to 2017, this article shows how telemediated training became part of patients’ and partners’ everyday lives and the prioritization of time and resources for basic activities. Most of the patients found telemediated training meaningful, that it can work as an agent of hope in holding on to essential everyday life activities, but also that it may be experienced as burdensome and disciplining. The physiotherapists’ understanding of the patients’ circumstances and needs for rehabilitation changed. The article argues that telemediated training should be offered as part of a palliative approach for those severely affected by COPD.
Voxelotor: A Novel Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Herity Leah B. , Vaughan DaleMarie M. , Rodriguez Lindsey Ritenour , Lowe Denise Kozella
Published: July 2020

Objective:

To review the pharmacological characteristics, clinical evidence, and place in therapy of voxelotor for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD).

Data Sources:

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed (1966 to April 2020) was conducted. Key search terms included GBT440, sickle cell, and voxelotor. Other sources were derived from bibliographies of articles, product labeling, manufacturer’s website, and news releases. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for additional studies.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All English-language articles identified from the data sources were reviewed and evaluated. Case reports/series and phase 1 through 3 clinical trials were included.

Data Synthesis:

SCD is an inherited disorder associated with significant morbidity and early mortality. Three medications approved for SCD reduce SCD-associated complications but do not selectively ameliorate the underlying disease. Voxelotor is a novel agent that targets the pathophysiology of SCD. A phase 3 trial reported an increase in mean Hb level from baseline for voxelotor compared with placebo (1.1 vs −0.1 g/dL; P < 0.001). Voxelotor is generally well tolerated, with common adverse effects including headache, diarrhea, nausea, and arthralgia.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Voxelotor may be considered for patients with SCD who have continued anemia and hemolysis despite being on maximum tolerated dose of hydroxyurea or in those who are hydroxyurea intolerant. Voxelotor is costly; therefore, both cost and benefit should be weighed before prescribing.

Conclusion:

Voxelotor appears to be safe and effective as monotherapy or in combination with hydroxyurea for patients with SCD who are 12 years of age and older.
Effects of Uniqueness, News Valence, and Liking on Personalization of Company News
Authors: Li Cong , Hong Cheng , Chen Zifei Fay
Published: July 2020

Many online information systems are delivering personalized news to users today. The essence of this personalization process is to match a news article to the reader’s self-identity. However, prior studies mostly focus on matching a positive news story to a person’s desired identity. No known research has discussed the possibility of matching a negative news story to a person’s undesired identity. This study aims to fill this theoretical gap by testing a three-way interaction effect among news valence, identity desirability, and uniqueness on attitude toward the news story. Through a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment, it is shown that a positive news story tends to generate a more favorable attitude when matched to the reader’s desired self-identity, whereas a negative news story will generate a more favorable attitude when matched to the person’s undesired self-identity, and such an effect is especially pronounced when the identity is unique. Perceived news credibility is found to partially mediate these effects.
Effects of Relaxation-Focused Nursing Care in Women in Preterm Labor
Authors: Özberk Hülya , Mete Samiye , Bektaş Murat
Published: July 2020

Background:

Threatened preterm labor is a common problem that causes women to be hospitalized. During this period, physical problems such as a decrease in muscle functions, edema and pain, and psychological problems such as anxiety and stress may develop.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation-focused nursing care state anxiety, cortisol, contraction severity, nursing care satisfaction, knowledge, and birth weeks on threatened preterm labor.

Method:

This study was a pre-post single-blind randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted with 66 women in the threatened preterm labor process, 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. The intervention group received relaxation-focused nursing care, which comprises a 2-day program in four stages. The data were collected before and after the relaxation-focused nursing care, and after the birth.

Results:

In the intervention group, state anxiety, cortisol level, and contraction severity were lower than those in the control group ( p < .05). The knowledge level about threatened preterm labor, satisfaction from nursing care, and birth weeks were higher in the intervention group ( p < .05).

Conclusion:

Relaxation-focused nursing care was found to reduce the state anxiety in women, improve the knowledge level about threatened preterm labor and birth weeks, and decrease the level of cortisol. Therefore, it is recommended to use relaxation-focused nursing care in threatened preterm labor.
First Lung Transplantation in Jehovah’s Witness Patient in Latin America
Authors: Fernandez-Trujillo Liliana , Sanabria Fernando , Bautista Diego F , Velazquez Mauricio , Cujiño Indira , Tafur Eric , Arboleda Daniel , Zuñiga-Restrepo Valeria , Martinez Willian
Published: July 2020

Lung transplantation is a life-saving alternative for patients with end-stage lung disease. The procedure itself has a high risk of bleeding. Jehovah’s Witness patients refuse to accept blood products due to religious beliefs. A 48-year-old Jehovah’s Witness woman presented with an 8-year history of cough, dyspnea along with progressive worsening of her functional class and quality of life. A diagnosis of autoimmune interstitial lung disease was made, for which cyclophosphamide was administered without improvement of symptoms, and the patient was accepted as a transplant candidate. Transplantation was performed without complications, nor blood products requirement, intraoperative cell salvage was performed, and pharmacological agents were used preoperatively for bleeding prevention. The patient only developed anemia after administration of immunosuppressor therapy, which was treated with erythropoietin in the outpatient setting.
Soundtracks of human mimetic sexual play: The case of East Asian regional sexual vernacular
Authors: Pužar Aljoša
Published: July 2020

This article presents and discusses the sonic aspects of human sexual play, focusing on soundtracks and sonic scripts related to sexual “faking”. The author’s ethnographic archives are used to exemplify these complicated mimetic sounds, as they travel and bounce within the sonic nexus of pornography and everyday human sexuality beyond porn. Recognizably regional East Asian vocalizations are used to showcase subtle relations between sonic enactments and those sounds that are, presumably, directly rooted in pleasurable sensations. Pretending in sexual acts often gets perceived as hedonically empty, lacking, or negative, in stark opposition to both pleasure and sexual agency. The undertaken ethnography of South Korean female mimetic sexual plays complicates this opposition. According to these ethnographic voices, supported by more recent findings in human ethology, these two modes of sexual behavior, while remaining conceptually separate, happen in infinitesimally close vicinity and often overlap. Vocal and other sounds that vacillate between these modes contribute to layered and complex enactment and the materialization of pleasure.
Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) Model: A Holistic, Discipline-Focused Framework
Authors: Jeffreys Marianne R.
Published: July 2020

Understanding the multidimensional process of college student retention and success and faculty’s pivotal role in making a positive difference can be daunting without an easily adaptable organizing framework. Although classic models of college student attrition provided an essential, valuable foundation and a guiding framework for early nursing student retention research and strategy design, several areas for enhancement were identified. This article presents the empirically supported Nursing Universal Retention and Success (NURS) model as an easily adaptable framework for developing strategies that embrace a “diversity of diversity” world view; address the intersectionality of multiple identities and roles; actively involve faculty and students; consider post-graduation outcomes, and incorporate a discipline – focused proactive, culturally congruent, holistic approach. Applied in a variety of undergraduate and graduate settings, over sixty nursing and college-wide professional development programs, and over seventy published studies in the US and abroad, the NURS model encompasses features warranting consideration across disciplines.
Improving the repetitive washing and abrasion resistance properties of fabrics produced with metallized yarns
Authors: Altaş Sevda , Yılmaz Elif , Adman Nildeniz
Published: July 2020

Metallized yarns have become an integral part of fashion because they give extra sheen to garments and an inimitable appearance to fabrics, making them special yarns. However, because of repetitive washing and abrasions, the metallic part of the yarn in the fabric is removed and the fabric loses its brightness and becomes transparent. This study aims to solve this issue by searching for high-quality metallized yarn production methods to eliminate problems during usage. In the experimental part of the study, eight different types of metallized films were produced using the lamination technique with two kinds of adhesives. Non-laminated metallized polyester films were used as a reference to understand the effectiveness of the lamination process. Metallized yarns were produced from laminated metallized films by using standard production parameters. After producing nine different types of metallized yarns, monotype knitted fabrics were then from these yarns. Yarn’s basic properties and fabric’s mechanical properties were then measured to compare the effect of the thin film type, lamination process and adhesive type effect on these properties. The test results showed that the lamination technique significantly improves the resistance of the repetitive washing process and the abrasion property of fabrics. The best results were obtained with polypropylene thin films. However, they had a higher friction coefficient and a harder handle property than polyester films. When using a thinner polypropylene film, this problem could be eliminated, and the yarns could be an important alternative choice for commercially producing metallized yarns in the future.
Closure of the patent foramen ovale in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source: A clinical expert opinion and consensus statement for the Asian-Pacific region
Authors: Diener Hans-Christoph , Akagi Teiji , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Thomson Viji Samuel , Prabhakar AT , Sharpe Ross , Albers Bert , Lewalter Thorsten , Oki Koichi , Sharma Vijay K
Published: July 2020

Recently published long-term data from randomized controlled trials have provided evidence for the prevention of recurrent embolic stroke of undetermined source by percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale. However, most data were obtained from Caucasian populations and evidence on patent foramen ovale closure in Asian-Pacific patients is limited. The relative paucity in clinical data from this population, as well as the fact that Asian-Pacific patients may have higher bleeding risks than Caucasians, complicates clinical decision-making. This document, resulting from a consensus meeting of Asian-Pacific clinical experts, states the consensus among these experts about how to treat Asian-Pacific patients who had an embolic stroke of undetermined source and have a patent foramen ovale, based on currently available evidence and expert opinions. In addition, uncertainties and the need for clinical data regarding patent foramen ovale closure for prevention of recurrent embolic stroke of undetermined source in general, and specifically for Asian-Pacific patients, are identified.
Clinical and molecular factors for selection of nivolumab or irinotecan as third-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Ishii Takahiro , Kawazoe Akihito , Sasaki Akinori , Mishima Saori , Kentaro Sawada , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Kotani Daisuke , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Taniguchi Hiroya , Kojima Takashi , Doi Toshihiko , Yoshino Takayuki , Kuwata Takeshi , Ishii Genichiro , Shitara Kohei
Published: July 2020

Background:

The use of nivolumab or irinotecan as the third-line treatment for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) remains controversial.

Methods:

This study analyzed patients with AGC treated with nivolumab or irinotecan (nivolumab group or irinotecan group, respectively) from May 2016 to April 2019 following two or more previous lines of chemotherapy. Univariate survival analysis was conducted to identify the clinical and molecular factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS).

Results:

A total of 156 patients (74 treated with nivolumab and 82 treated with irinotecan) were analyzed. The median PFS was 1.9 months in both treatment groups. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.2 and 6.2 months in the nivolumab and irinotecan groups, respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1 or more, liver metastasis, a large tumor size at baseline, and HER2-positive status were associated with a worse PFS in the nivolumab group compared with the irinotecan group. The nivolumab group showed a significantly longer PFS (median 3.1 versus 2.0 months) and OS (median 12.9 versus 7.8 months) than the irinotecan group in patients with 0 or 1 of these factors, whereas the irinotecan group showed a significantly longer PFS (median 1.0 versus 1.8 months) and a trend of longer OS (median 3.9 versus 6.1 months) in patients with ⩾2 of these factors.

Conclusions:

Some clinical and molecular factors were associated with outcomes following nivolumab or irinotecan as the third- or later-line treatment in patients with AGC. These factors must be considered while selecting an optimal treatment option.