bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Icthyofauna of Madhumati River at Mohammadpur, Magura
Authors: Rahman Md Anichur , Habib AHM Shafiullah , Saha Shova , Saha Mallika
Published: October 2021

The investigation was conducted on the present situation of fish biodiversity and abundance of fish fauna at two different points of Madhumati River at Mohammadpur upazilla under Magura district from October 2018 to September 2019. A total of 83 species of fresh water fish species were recorded belonging to 58 genera of 28 families under 11 orders. Cypriniformes was recorded as the dominant order comprising 26 species constituting 31% of the total. According to IUCN 59% of fish species were Least Concern, 12% were Vulnerable, 11% were Endangered, 9% were Near Threatened, 1% of each were Data Deficient and Critically Endangered locally, and 7% Exotic fish species were also enlisted. Annual value of Shannon diversity index (H) was 1.974 and Sipmson diversity index (λ) was 0.272 which indicate highest diversity of fish was in March. Annual Margalef’s richness index (D) was 6.654 and Pielou’s evenness index (E) was 0.447 denote highest richness was in November and evenness was in March. The river was found to have moderate type of diversity in terms fish species composition.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 19-34, 2021
Culture of Three Seaweed Species in Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Mohidul , Hasan Jakia , Ali Md Zulfikar , Hoq Md Enamul
Published: October 2021

The experimental culture of 3 seaweed species, i.e. Hypnea musciformis, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Padina tetrastromatica in three locations of Cox’s Bazar coast, Bangladesh using 4×4 m horizontal coir rope net method were conducted during 2016 to 2018. Results showed that the biomass yield was highest from H. musciformis (30.23±0.40 kg fw m−1) and significantly differ from E. intestinalis (24.50±0.08 kg fw m−1) and P. tetrastromatica (10.18±0.45 kg fw m−1). The Daily Growth Rate (DGR) of H. musciformis (8.88% day−1) was also higher than the DGR of E. intestinalis (6.55% day−1) and P. tetrastromatica (6.74% day−1). Saint Martin’s Island showed higher biomass yield of seaweeds than Bakkhali and Inani due to favourable water quality. In context to physico-chemical parameters of seaweed farming, Cox's Bazar coast is suitable for seaweed cultivation, although more suitable culture areas and longer culture period yet to be identified. The findings of the present study suggest that the cultivation of H. musciformis is viable and coastal people can take up such activities as seasonal income generating activity in coastal water.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 47-56, 2021
Toxic Effects of Vitex Negundo L. And Polygonum Hydropiper L. Plant Extract Treated Fishes on Rats
Authors: Harun Molly , Sufi Gulroo Begum , Latifa Gulshan Ara
Published: October 2021

An observation was made to taste the toxic effect of Vitex negundo L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. (leaf and bark) plants extracts treated fish fed group on rats, Bandicota indica. Six group of rats were fed on two different kinds of plants extracts, one is radiation dose and another untreated control group. These were, the untreated control group rats were feed on normal food such as dried fish and wheat whereas treated rats were given plant extracts and radiation dose treated by dried fish. The experimental rats were fed of 4 ml dose of plant extracts in 70% ethyl alcohol (ratio 1:10) and 4 kGy radiation treated dry fish. The toxic properties of these plant extracts were carried out the vital organs of liver, kidney, stomach, spleens, lungs and muscles on male rats .The lower mammalian species rats were used for preliminary survey their body weight gained and histopathological changes were observed. The experiment was carried out from August 2004 to December 2004. Initially the concentration of rats body weights were found as, control group (C) 43 g/m, Vitex negundo leaf treated fish fed group of rat (VL) 44.8 g/m, Vitex negundo bark treated fish fed group of rat (VB) 44.4 g/m, Polygonum hydropiper leaf treated fish fed group of rat (PL) 46.2 g/m, Polygonum hydropiper bark treated fish fed group of rat (PB) 47.8 g/m and radiation treated fish fed group of rat (R) 47 g/m. After 30 days the weight gain of rats recorded as, group (C) 324.6 g/m, (VL) 357.2 g/m, (VB) 362 g/m, (PL) 342 g/m, (PB) 323.6 g/m and (R) 352 g/m and 90 days after the body weight were group (C) 727.2 g/m, (VL) 781.2 g/m, (VB) 795.8 g/m, (PL) 780.4 g/m, (PB)764.8 g/m and R 789.8 g/m respectively. The present study is, the first attempt to use the rats body weight data found well and most suitable 4ml dose of V. negundo bark treated extracts than leaf treated group and 4 kGy radiation group. Histopathological changes of rats organs test liver was well preserved, kidney-the glomeruli, tubules, blood vessel were showed no significant changes, in the stomach-the mucosa, sub mucosa were well, in the spleen-red and white pulp were showed no significant changes, lung-the alveoli was good and in the muscle-the skeletal muscle were remain unaltered.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 125-135, 2021
New Geographical Record of Spotfin Frogfish Antennatus Nummifer (Actinopterygii: Lophiiformes: Antennariidae) From the Coast of Northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Authors: Parvej Mohammed Rashed , Tazim Md Farhan , Mamun Al , Md Asadujjaman - , Hasan Mohammad Eusuf
Published: October 2021

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 175-179, 2021
Foraging Participation Within a Pair of White-Browed Wagtail Motacilla Maderaspatensis Gmelin, 1789 From Dhaka City
Authors: Rabbe Md Fazle , Liza Fahmida Tasnim
Published: October 2021

Abstract not available
Bangladesh J. Zool. 49(1): 181-185, 2021
Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty for Medically Uncontrolled Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in Korean Patients
Authors: Lee Jung Hyun , Na Jung Hwa , Chung Hye Jin , Choi Jin Young , Kim Mi Jeung
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in Korean patients with medically uncontrolled pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG).Methods: This retrospective observational study enrolled 43 medically uncontrolled PEXG patients who underwent a 360° SLT and were followed up for at least 12 months after SLT. The intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after SLT at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was evaluated. Treatment success was defined as an IOP reduction of ≥20% from the baseline and an IOP equal to lower than 22 mmHg without additional anti-glaucomatous intervention. Additionally, every follow-up medical record was reviewed to assess any possible side effects of SLT.Results: Based on the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the treatment success rate at 12 months after SLT was 41.9% (18 eyes). For the success group at the 12 months follow-up, SLT showed a mean IOP reduction of 10.3 ± 5.0 mmHg (from 25.6 ± 4.4 to 15.2 ± 2.9 mmHg; 39.3%, p < 0.05). Among the 25 eyes that were considered as the treatment failure group, 14 eyes underwent glaucoma filtering surgeries, four eyes received additional SLT, and further intervention and follow-up was refused for seven eyes. During the overall follow-up period, there were no significant adverse events.Conclusions: SLT is a partially effective and safe procedure for lowering IOP in Korean patients with medically refractory PEXG. Therefore, it can be considered as one of the alternative treatment modalities in patients who are at high risk for conventional filtering surgery.
Viral load and rebound in children with coronavirus disease 2019 during the first outbreak in Daegu city
Authors: Chu Mi Ae , Jang Yoon Young , Lee Dong Won , Kim Sung Hoon , Ryoo Namhee , Park Sunggyun , Lee Jae Hee , Chung Hai Lee
Published: October 2021

Background: Viral load and shedding duration are highly associated with the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, limited studies have reported on viral load or shedding in children and adolescents infected with sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the natural course of viral load in asymptomatic or mild pediatric cases.Methods: Thirty-one children (<18 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized and enrolled in this study. Viral loads were evaluated in nasopharyngeal swab samples using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (E, RdRp, N genes). cycle threshold (Ct) values were measured when patients met the clinical criteria to be released from quarantine.Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.8 years, 18 (58%) had mild disease, and 13 (42%) were asymptomatic. Most children were infected by adult family members, most commonly by their mothers. The most common symptoms were fever and sputum (26%), followed by cough and runny nose. Nine patients (29%) had a high or intermediate viral load (Ct value≤30) when they had no clinical symptoms. Viral load showed no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Viral rebounds were found in 15 cases (48%), which contributed to prolonged viral detection. The mean duration of viral detection was 25.6 days. Viral loads were significantly lower in patients with viral rebounds than in those with no rebound (E, P=0.003; RdRp, P=0.01; N, P=0.02).Conclusion: Our study showed that many pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experienced viral rebound and showed viral detection for more than 3 weeks. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between viral rebound and infectiousness in COVID-19.
Improving the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of Drum Testing Machine in Laboratory of Tire Manufacturing Using FMEA and PFMEA
Authors: Sibarani Prince , Sofianti Tanika D. , Pratama Aditya Tirta
Published: October 2021

Drum testing is equipment to test tire capability in the highway prototype in the tire company. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is used to measure the productivity of the equipment. OEE has declined and has not achieved the target from Jun 2019 until June 2020. The objectives of this research are to determine the fixed parameter in the OEE calculation at the Drum Testing and to increase the OEE for achieving the company target. Process Failure Mode Effects Analysis (PFMEA) and Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) help to identify potential failure mode and its consequences, and formulate a solution to achieve the OEE target by improving the drum testing machine. Furthermore, an ideal target should be customized based on the manufacturing year and brand of the machine. This research showed PFMEA and FMEA successfully improve the OEE efficiency for five machines increases the average OEE from 53.6% to 67.2%.
Study of Rooftop Solar PV Policies that Have an Impact on Techno-Economic, and Socio-Environment in a Leading Heavy Equipment Company in Indonesia
Authors: Gumilar Egi , Hendriana Dena , Berchsman Hanny J. , Baskoro Gembong , Nasution Henry
Published: October 2021

The government continues to encourage efforts to increase renewable energy, one of which is by issuing a ministerial regulation of energy and mineral resources (MEMR) 49/2018 with amendments no. 13/2019 and 16/2019. The key points of this policy are reducing the constant in charge capacity for industry, simplifying the licensing process and the existence of operating permits and certificates of operation feasibility, as well as compensation for export credit of 65% which is still deemed unfavorable. As of October 2020, 2,566 solar PV rooftop customers have registered, with a total capacity of 18.19 MWp. This research aims to not only analyze the gap policy, but also to make a case study in a Leading Heavy Equipment Company in Indonesia building on the existing PV rootop policy. By using a web-based simulation that is Helio Scope and the calculation of investment feasibility, the results are not economically profitable. This is due to the high investment value, interest rate value, and other parameters.
THE SHORT STORY GENRE IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS OF WESTERN LITERARY SCHOLARS OF THE 20TH —21ST CENTURIES
Authors: Shuvalova Mariia
Published: October 2021

The paper is focused on the perception of the short story genre in the western literary theory of the 20th —21st centuries. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the term 'short story' was a neologism, and its appearance indicated the rethinking of established literary forms. This process led to the development of new literary theories. The works of Brander Matthews (“The Philosophy of the Short Story”, 1901) and Frank O’Connor (“The Lonely Voice”, 1962), prominent writers and literary scholars of the 20th century, established academic short story studies in the English-speaking countries. Charles E. May, Susan Lohafer, Mary Rohrberger, Austin Wright, Ian Reid, Clare Hanson, Florence Goyet, Hanna Meretoja, whose major publications are also within the scope of the paper, provided further investigation of numerous issues of the short story genre and other types of short fiction. The works of the mentioned scholars are widely known and serve as a basis for academic courses and as an introduction to the short story theory. Nevertheless, they are rarely considered as one of the possible theoretical perspectives in the relevant Ukrainian research works on a short story, and it gives a reason for a closer look at them. Due to rising attention to the short literary forms, involving different theoretical frames might be beneficial to the development of the discourse. The paper describes the key issues of modern discussions concerning the distinctive features of the short story, its scope, definitions, establishment as an independent genre, and meaning in axiological and ontological contexts. The issue is explored by comparing different theoretical experiences with the use of comparative and discursive analysis.
METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING DIGITAL PROJECTS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF RAILWAY TRACKS
Authors: Zemerova Angelina A.
Published: October 2021

The article describes a universal technique for creating digital projects for any road construction equipment equipped with an automated control system (SAU-3D), which includes surveying the repair route with the hardware and software complex (APK) "Profile" and a mobile laser scanner (MLS) "Scanput", data processing of a traditional project for repairs (longitudinal profile, straightening diagram), and adjustment of the digital basis of the existing railway track with design data from traditional projects. When using this technique, the transition to coordinate methods is carried out, linear-angular parameters are excluded due to the use of coordinates. The specifics of creating digital track models and digital projects at Russian Railways have been studied. An assessment of the accuracy of design solutions using SAU-3D and their compliance with regulatory requirements for the reconstruction and repair of railway tracks is given.
CREATING A 3D MODEL OF A MOUNTAIN RELIEF FOR GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT OF TOURISM
Authors: Elshina Tatyana E. , Kokorina Irina P. , Sysoev Alexander V.
Published: October 2021

The paper considers the issues of creating a 3D model of mountain terrain for geoinformation support of tourism in the Russian Federation on the example of the territory of the Republic of Ingushetia. The classification of types of tourism and objects of natural and cultural heritage in the Republic of Ingushetia is carried out. As a result of the analysis of tourist and administrative sites, as well as web-services of the republics of the Caucasus, a conclusion is made about their insufficient geoinformation support. The possibilities of using 3D models of mountain terrain on web maps for tourism purposes are presented. A digital model of the mountainous terrain of the Republic of Ingushetia with animation of the natural environment has been created. A 3D scene has been developed that conveys the main terrain shapes and the location of objects on the ground. The resulting model can be used to develop routes in different directions, to ensure both organized and independent tourism.
POSSIBILITIES OF THE SAGA GIS IN THE STUDY AND MAPPING OF THE DEBRIS FLOW HAZARD OF THE BAIKAL MOUNTAIN COUNTRY
Authors: Stupin Vladimir P.
Published: October 2021

The possibilities and limitations of SAGA GIS for processing DEM and remote sensing materials of free access in the interests of specialized mapping of debris flow hazard in the Baikal region are considered. The results of processing the SRTM and ASTER GRID DEMS, as well as the spectrosonal images obtained from the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellites in the SAGA environment are compared. The most effective tools of GIS-analysis of territories from the point of view of the potential hazard assessment of debris flows based on remote sensing data are determined.
CREATING AND MAINTAINING DIGITAL PLANS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MINING ENTERPRISES IN THE KEMEROVO REGION
Authors: Nevolin Anatoly G. , Novoselov Denis B.
Published: October 2021

Currently, in the design of large industrial enterprises, modern building information models (BIM) are being introduced and further used at the construction site. The construction industry is transitioning to digitalization of information modeling processes using spatial data and electronic document management. Therefore, it is proposed to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and terrestrial laser scanners more efficiently for geodetic monitoring of the construction of industrial facilities of mining enterprises. With the systematic monitoring of construction, a full-fledged master plan is created, which reflects all deviations from the project, including works that were not provided for in the project documentation. It is known that using UAVs to collect spatial data, it is possible to control earthworks, pile fields, foundations, temporary roads and landscaping. Structures such as metal and reinforced concrete columns, trusses, beams, technological equipment, complex above-ground pipelines and facades are advisable to be monitored using a ground-based laser scanner. All the data obtained during geodetic monitoring can be combined in a single project and jointly used for a comprehensive solution of various applied engineering problems both in the process of monitoring buildings and structures being erected, and during their operation.
APPLICATION OF HIGH-PRECISION TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING IN DEFORMATION MONITORING OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Nikonov Anton V. , Skripnikov Victor A. , Skripnikova Margarita A.
Published: October 2021

The article proposes to use high-precision trigonometric leveling when determining the deformations of hydraulic structures. The required accuracy can be ensured by measuring the excess with automated high-precision total station and observing a number of conditions. Recommendations are given for the modernization of one of the sections at the Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station. The results of field studies on the determination of the refraction coefficient by the geodetic method are presented. During a summer day (from 10 to 18 hours), a change in the coefficient of refraction was recorded in the range from -0.14 to +0.81, which significantly differs from the standard value of +0.13. Therefore, when measuring the vertical displacements of deformation marks located on the alignment, it is proposed to periodically determine the coefficient of refraction and, if necessary, introduce appropriate corrections into the measurement results.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL STATISTICAL MODEL FOR DETECTING OIL POLLUTION SITES BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Guliyev Alovsat Shura , Khlebnikova Tatiana A.
Published: October 2021

The article considers an algorithm for determining the statistical model from several inhomogeneous images of the Earth's surface obtained by different sensors (optoelectronic scanning device, synthetic aperture radar (SAR)) over the sea areas. The object of the study are the methods of remote sensing of the Earth used for detection and mapping of oil spills. The aim of the research was to perform testing for a possible variation of the statistical model inside a non-uniform sliding window based on a semi-automatic approach. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to determine the spatial extent of oil production sites and oil pollution in offshore waters using multi-time RSA data and a multi-zone combined image with a spatial resolution of 10 m. First, homogeneous regions are analyzed in the image, and then the model of the analysis zone is expanded to the more general case of inhomogeneous regions that are observed in the analysis windows.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSEISMS AND ACOUSTIC NOISES IN THE TRANSPORT POLYGON CONDITIONS
Authors: Dobrorodny Vladimir I. , Kopylova Oksana A.
Published: October 2021

The work is related to numerical estimation and comparative analysis of microseismic and acoustic noise levels in transport polygon conditions. The aim of the work is to study and further define the difference between the signal and noise to improve the ability to detect poorly distinguishable events, as well as to study the propagation features of the interrelated seismic and acoustic wave fields. It is related to the fact that wave processes generated by many natural and anthropogenic sources are conjugate nature. In particular, it is related to simultaneous propagation of seismic waves in the ground and acoustic waves in the atmosphere. It determines expediency of taking into account simultaneously parameters of both types of waves in the tasks of geophysical monitoring of the environment, as well as in solving some applied problems of seismics and acoustics.
MODELING AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF CHANNEL PROCESSES OF THE SIBERIAN RIVERS. OB RIVER AT BARNAUL CITY SITE AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Zinoviev Alexander T. , Dyachenko Alexander V. , Koshelev Konstantin B. , Marusin Konstantin V.
Published: October 2021

Computer simulation of channel morphodynamic for the section of a large river in real unsteady hydrological conditions is conducted. The Ob river channel section at Barnaul city is investigated. At the site considered the channel processes cause serious hazard to some important structures such as the municipal water intake and the power line. The time of modeling covers the period from the flood peak to the low water stage. The simulation is implemented by means of Delft3D program suite. The sediment transport is calculated by two types of Van Rijn’s formula (1984 and 1993). The simulation results are verified by the field data collected at the study site over the same time period. These results show poor agreement with the field data. The river bed erosion spatial pattern modeled differs from the real one significantly. Probably a reason of this discrepancy is that the formula used can’t estimate the sediment transport value correctly.
USING SPATIAL DATA TO SIMULATE RAIN RUNOFF
Authors: Lovtskaya Olga V. , Kudishin Alexey V. , Golubeva Anastasiya B.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the main stages of spatial data preparation for computer models of runoff formation by the example of the Charysh River basin. DEM was employed to construct a system of sub-basins and a hydrological graph as well as to calculate morphometric characteristics of its elements. Sources of data on vegetation and mechanical composition of soils are given Using the Harmonized World Soil Database and the soil map of Altai Krai, a map of soil texture (grain-size composition) of the Charysh River basin was created. Two ways of precipitation accounting (the weather station data; the Persiann-CDR data set) were compared. Calculations of runoff from the the Charysh catchment were made for two models.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE OBSERVABILITY OF THE CITY ROAD NETWORK EMISSION SOURCES USING THE SENSITIVITY OPERATOR OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION MODEL
Authors: Penenko Alexey V. , Gochakov Alexander V.
Published: October 2021

Within the scenario approach, the observability of traffic emission sources is estimated from indirect monitoring data. What is new is that an approach based on sensitivity operators is used to estimate observability, which allows us to obtain a family of quasilinear operator equations for the source identification problem. This allows both solving and analyzing its properties. For the city of Novosibirsk, realistic weather scenarios, a scenario for the distribution of traffic emission sources and the location of monitoring sites are considered. In numerical experiments, the road network is identified smoothed over space. Concentration fields are restored with greater accuracy. Evaluation of the information about the sources contained in the data based on the analysis of the sensitivity operator allows one to get an express estimate of the inverse problem solution.
MONITORING OF HAZARDOUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF PIPELINE TRANSPORT FACILITIES BY REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: Dolgopolov Daniil V. , Baborykin Maxim Yu. , Melkiy Vyacheslav A.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the natural processes in the corridor of pipeline routes that can cause defects or accidents after the completion of construction or during the operation of the pipeline system. In the transition to a digital form of management of the processes of design, construction and operation of pipeline transport facilities, one of the most important tasks is to identify and control the dynamics of natural hazards processes (NHP). Because the system has significant impact on the flow of natural processes in corridor of the highway, they can become more active and cause accidents. The sources of negative impact on the main oil pipelines are exogenous and endogenous geological processes, as well as atmospheric processes, in the zone of influence of which the oil pipeline is located. It is advisable to use laser scanning to identify and monitor of hazards geological processes (HGP). Filling the NHP database is performed in stages: first, collection and synthesis of all available materials about geology, geomorphology, tectonics, engineering geology, hydrogeology, climate and vegetation of the researcher area is performed; then a digital terrain model (DEM) is created based on air laser scanning (VLS) and aerial photography (AP) by direct decoding features with the allocation of contours of territories subject to natural processes with the classification of their types; and, finally, lists, schemes, maps compiled by result of analysis qualitative and quantitative characteristics of geological processes that have received status of NHP or HGP for designed or operated structure. Decoding of dangerous geological processes according by VLS data performed in two stages: identification of the process and determination of its type by a set of decoding features, then comparison with the standard model from the catalog by location of identification primitives on the DEM and the reference model.
CULTIVATED AEROSOL MICROORGANISMS DETECTED DURING AIRPLANE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE OVER THE ARCTIC SEAS OF RUSSIA
Authors: Andreeva Irina S. , Safatov Alexander S. , Ohlopkova Olesya V. , Rebus Maksim E. , Buryak Galina A.
Published: October 2021

In September 2020, the atmosphere was probed using the Optik Tu-134 aircraft laboratory over the waters of the Arctic Ocean seas: the Barents, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Bering seas. Unique samples of atmospheric aerosols were collected at the altitudes from 200 to 10,000 m including samples in impingers for identification and genetic analysis of culturable microorganisms. The paper presents data on the concentrations and diversity of bacteria and fungi isolated by seeding 24 samples of atmospheric aerosols collected at different altitudes over the Arctic seas of Russia. The main morphophysiological, biochemical and genomic characteristics were obtained for 152 bacterial cultures, and the taxonomic groups they belong to were determined.
SOME ASPECTS OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FEATURES OF THE RELIEF WHEN MONITORING ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
Authors: Trubina Lyudmila K. , Tolkachev Grigory V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studies on monitoring air pollution. The assessment of the degree of anthropogenic impact in the districts of the city of Novosibirsk was carried out. The spatial arrangement of monitoring posts for atmospheric pollution, depending on the features of the relief, has been analyzed.
OVERVIEW OF MODERN RADARS WITH SYNTHESIZED APERTURE FOR THE PURPOSE OF THEIR APPLICATION FOR MONITORING COAL MINES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Trubina Lyudmila K. , Mussina Guzyaliya A.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses radar with a synthesized aperture (RSA) of the X-band, and commissioned over the past 5 years. General information about the parameters are given, the tactical and technical characteristics considered by the RSA are given. The analysis of the possibilities of their application for monitoring of coal mines is carried out.
EFFICIENCY OF AERIAL LASER SCANNING OF THE TERRITORY WHEN MONITORING URBAN GREEN SPACES
Authors: Vasil'eva Ekaterina A.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the role of remote sensing technologies in monitoring urban green spaces. The positive aspects of the use of air laser scanning in the inventory and monitoring of urban green spaces are listed. The role of urban green spaces in the formation of an environmentally friendly urban environment is briefly described. Insufficient elaboration of the regulatory and legal documentation in the field of registration of urban green spaces in the Unified State Register of Real Estate Objects was noted. It is emphasized that the lack of approaches to the consideration of urban green spaces as independent cadastral objects entails numerous violations in the field of environmental and environmental legislation of settlements. A solution to this problem is proposed, which consists in the mandatory accounting of cadastral data on the land plot under the urban green spaces when maintaining the urban green spaces monitoring database.
SEDIMENTATION VELOCITY OF POLLEN PARTICLES OF ANEMOPHILIC PLANTS GROWING ON TERRITORY OF THE CSBG SB RAS
Authors: Golovko Vladimir V. , Khlebus Konstantin A. , Zueva Galina A.
Published: October 2021

The settling of pollen particles of four species of anemophilic plants ( Populus alba L., Salix hybrida , Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. K. Skvortsov) growing in the exposition of the CSBS SB RAS was investigated. These species are widely used in landscaping cities of the Novosibirsk region and are producers of impressive amounts of allergenic pollen, which can be carried by the wind over significant distances. The presence of a significant proportion of clusters, which include two or more pollen grains, is shown. Settling rates were determined as individual pollen grains of these plant species and their clusters, which included from two to six pollen grains. Dependence of cluster sedimentation rate on number of pollen grains included in it is established.
USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES FOR INVENTORY OF PROTECTED AREAS OF SYRIA
Authors: Кabtoul Hala , Nikolaeva Olga N.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the result of using GIS for collecting, processing and storing distributed data on specially protected natural areas (SPNA) in the Syrian Arab Republic. The emergence of GIS, using a huge amount of data, has greatly simplified the process of studying protected areas, assessing their spatial size and geographical location, identifying their characteristics and processes of their development and structuring. With the advent of GIS, monitoring of such objects has become more accurate and flexible. This article describes the experience of using the freeware GIS for systematization of information about the protected areas of Syria. The procedure for creating a digital map of the protected areas of Syria is outlined, the main elements of its thematic content are described. The created digital map is an informational basis for the design and development of the monitoring system for the SPNA in Syria.
APSA Graduate Placement Report: Analysis of Political Science Placements for 2018-2020
Authors: McGrath Erin , Diaz Ana
Published: October 2021

The Graduate Placement Report details findings on political science placements for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 academic years, preceding and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. More candidates, specifically candidates from top National Research Council (NRC)-ranked institutions found first placements in contingent academic positions, still indicating an alteration to the most desirable placement path, with a post-doc or research position immediately after receipt of a PhD. Having a PhD, and full funding are strong determinants of placement. Men and non-URMs continue to take full-time post-doc positions as their first placements. There were more URMs and women in tenure-track positions in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019. There was an overall increase in the number of candidates who did not find placement during the 2019-2020 academic year, which can most likely be attributed to impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and a lower than usual response rate.
Do American Voters Really Not Punish Overt Undemocratic Behavior at the Polls? Natural Experimental Evidence from the 2021 Insurrection of the U.S. Capitol
Authors: van Noort Sam
Published: October 2021

Existing research suggests that too few American voters hold politicians electorally accountable for overt undemocratic behavior to reasonably deter democratic backsliding. Evidence for this proposition comes primarily from hypothetical survey experiments with relatively modest treatments. I test this hypothesis using a natural experiment with a powerful real-world treatment: Donald Trump's incitement of the insurrection of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. The insurrection was unexpected to the general public, did not coincide with other events that could plausibly affect public opinion, and occurred while Gallup was conducting a nationally representative survey using random digit dialing. Comparing Republican Party support among respondents that were interviewed just before, and just after, the insurrection occurred suggests that the insurrection caused a 10.8% decline in support for the Republican Party. Voters predominantly moved to the Democratic Party, rather than Independent. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggests that this electoral penalty is sufficient to decide presidential elections.
The Biomechanical Response of the Cornea in Orthokeratology
Authors: Wu Jinfang , Fang Wenxuan , Xu Huiwen , Liu Xiaode , Zhao Dongliang , Rong Qiguo
Published: October 2021

Orthokeratology has been widely used to control myopia, but the mechanism is still unknown. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of corneal reshaping using orthokeratology lenses via the finite element method, numerical models with different corneal curvatures, corneal thicknesses, and myopia reduction degrees had been developed and validated to simulate the corneal response and quantify the changes in maximum stress in the central and peripheral corneal areas during orthokeratology. The influence of the factors on corneal response had been analyzed by using median quantile regression. A partial eta squared value in analysis of variance models was established to compare the effect size of these factors. The results showed central and peripheral corneal stress responses changed significantly with increased myopia reduction, corneal curvature, and corneal thickness. The target myopia reduction had the greatest effect on the central corneal stress value (partial eta square = 0.9382), followed by corneal curvature (partial eta square = 0.5650) and corneal thickness (partial eta square = 0.1975). The corneal curvature had the greatest effect on the peripheral corneal stress value (partial eta square = 0.5220), followed by myopia reduction (partial eta square = 0.2375) and corneal thickness (partial eta square = 0.1972). In summary, the biomechanical response of the cornea varies significantly with the change in corneal conditions and lens designs. Therefore, the orthokeratology lens design and the lens fitting process should be taken into consideration in clinical practice, especially for patients with high myopia and steep corneas.
A Rapid and Convenient Approach to Construct Porous Collagen Membranes via Bioskiving and Sonication-Feasible for Mineralization to Induce Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wu Zhenzhen , Zhong Juan , Yu Yingjie , Rong Mingdeng , Yang Tao
Published: October 2021

Porous mineralized collagen membranes efficiently promote bone regeneration. To generate them, we need to fabricate collagen membranes that are porous. However, the current fabrication method is primarily based on a bottom-up strategy, with certain limitations, such as a long manufacturing process, collagen denaturation, and failure to control fibril orientation. Using a top-down approach, we explore a novel method for constructing porous collagen membranes via the combined application of bioskiving and sonication. Numerous collagen membranes with well-aligned fibril structures were rapidly fabricated by bioskiving and then sonicated at 30, 60, 90, and 120 W for 20 min. This treatment allowed us to study the effect of power intensity on the physicochemical traits of collagen membranes. Subsequently, the prepared collagen membranes were immersed in amorphous calcium phosphate to evaluate the feasibility of mineralization. Additionally, the bioactivities of the membranes were assessed using preosteoblast cells. Tuning the power intensity was shown to modulate fibril orientation, and the porous membrane without denatured collagen could be obtained by a 20-min sonication treatment at 90 W. The prepared collagen membrane could also be further mineralized to enhance osteogenesis. Overall, this study offers a rapid and convenient approach for fabricating porous collagen membranes via bioskiving and sonication.
Differences in Peak Oxygen Uptake in Bicycle Exercise Test Caused by Body Positions: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wan Xiaohua , Liu Chang , Olson Thomas P. , Chen Xiankun , Lu Weihui , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2021

Background: As demand for cardiopulmonary exercise test using a supine position has increased, so have the testing options. However, it remains uncertain whether the existing evaluation criteria for the upright position are suitable for the supine position. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the differences in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) between upright and supine lower extremity bicycle exercise.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web Of Science and Embase from inception to March 27, 2021. Self-control studies comparing VO2peak between upright and supine were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a checklist adapted from published papers in this field. The effect of posture on VO2peak was pooled using random/fixed effects model.

Results: This meta-analysis included 32 self-control studies, involving 546 participants (63% were male). 21 studies included only healthy people, 9 studies included patients with cardiopulmonary disease, and 2 studies included both the healthy and cardiopulmonary patients. In terms of study quality, most of the studies (n = 21, 66%) describe the exercise protocol, and we judged theVO2peak to be valid in 26 (81%) studies. Meta-analysis showed that the upright VO2peak exceeded the supine VO2peak [relative VO2peak: mean difference (MD) 2.63 ml/kg/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-3.59, I2 = 56%, p < 0.05; absolute VO2peak: MD 0.18 L/min, 95% CI 0.10-0.26, I2 = 63%, p < 0.05). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed there was more pooled difference in healthy people (4.04 ml/kg/min or 0.22 L/min) than in cardiopulmonary patients (1.03 ml/kg/min or 0.12 L/min).

Conclusion: VO2peak in the upright position is higher than that in supine position. However, whether this difference has clinical significance needs further verification.

Systematic Review Registration: identifier, CRD42021233468.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Fully Vaccinated Individuals of Old Age Strongly Boosts the Humoral Immune Response
Authors: Müller Lisa , Andrée Marcel , Ostermann Philipp Niklas , Jazmati Nathalie , Flüh Greta , Fischer Johannes C. , Bölke Edwin , Heger Eva , Vanshylla Kanika , Klein Florian , Wisplinghoff Hilmar , Schaal Heiner , Drexler Ingo , Walker Andreas , Adams Ortwin , Timm Jörg
Published: October 2021

Prophylactic vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, break-through infections following vaccination against this virus have been reported. Here, we describe the humoral immune response of break-through infections in fully vaccinated individuals of old age from an outbreak in a nursing home. In cooperation with the local health authority, blood samples from fully vaccinated and infected as well as fully vaccinated and uninfected residents of the nursing home were collected 4 weeks after the onset of the outbreak. The humoral immune response was determined in a neutralisation assay with replication-competent virus isolates and by a quantitative ELISA. In this outbreak a total of 23 residents and four health care workers were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four residents were unvaccinated, including one with a severe course of disease who later severe disease course who later succumbed to infection. Despite their old age, all vaccinated residents showed no or only mild disease. Comparison of the humoral immune response revealed significantly higher antibody levels in fully vaccinated infected individuals compared to fully vaccinated uninfected individuals (p < 0.001). Notably, although only a minority of the vaccinated uninfected group showed neutralisation capacity against SARS-CoV-2, all vaccinated and infected individuals showed high-titre neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 including the alpha and beta variant. Large SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks can occur in fully vaccinated populations, but seem to associate with mild disease. SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated individuals is a strong booster of the humoral immune response providing enhanced neutralisation capacity against immune evasion variants.
The Cytopathic Effect of Different Toxin Concentrations From Different Clostridioides difficile Sequence Types Strains in Vero Cells
Authors: Hamo Zohar , Azrad Maya , Fichtman Boris , Peretz Avi
Published: October 2021

Clostridioides difficile is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated diarrhea, with severity ranging from mild, self-limiting disease, to life-threatening toxic megacolon. C. difficile infection (CDI) pathogenesis is mediated by the TcdA and TcdB toxins. This work aimed to draw correlations between toxin levels, bacterial strains, and disease severity in 63 CDI patients. C. difficile typing was performed by multi-locus sequence types (MLST). Toxin concentrations were measured using the TOX A/B test. In addition, cell cytotoxicity assay was performed following Vero cell exposure to stool extracts (24 h). The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST2, ST4, ST6, ST13, ST37, ST42, and ST104, with highest toxin levels produced by ST42 and ST104 (302.5 and 297.1 ng/ml, respectively). These strains had a stronger cytopathic effect (CPE) on Vero cells as compared to strains with lower toxin concentrations (p < 0.001), as manifested by lower cell counts and higher percentages of cell rounding and adhesion loss. Although no association was found between ST, toxin concentrations, and disease severity, a diverse in vitro effect of different STs on the viability and activity of Vero cells was observed. These findings suggest that disease severity is affected by both host immune responses and by bacterial characteristics.
Optimal Method for Fetal Brain Age Prediction Using Multiplanar Slices From Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hong Jinwoo , Yun Hyuk Jin , Park Gilsoon , Kim Seonggyu , Ou Yangming , Vasung Lana , Rollins Caitlin K. , Ortinau Cynthia M. , Takeoka Emiko , Akiyama Shizuko , Tarui Tomo , Estroff Judy A. , Grant Patricia Ellen , Lee Jong-Min , Im Kiho
Published: October 2021

The accurate prediction of fetal brain age using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may contribute to the identification of brain abnormalities and the risk of adverse developmental outcomes. This study aimed to propose a method for predicting fetal brain age using MRIs from 220 healthy fetuses between 15.9 and 38.7 weeks of gestational age (GA). We built a 2D single-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) with multiplanar MRI slices in different orthogonal planes without correction for interslice motion. In each fetus, multiple age predictions from different slices were generated, and the brain age was obtained using the mode that determined the most frequent value among the multiple predictions from the 2D single-channel CNN. We obtained a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.125 weeks (0.875 days) between the GA and brain age across the fetuses. The use of multiplanar slices achieved significantly lower prediction error and its variance than the use of a single slice and a single MRI stack. Our 2D single-channel CNN with multiplanar slices yielded a significantly lower stack-wise MAE (0.304 weeks) than the 2D multi-channel (MAE = 0.979, p < 0.001) and 3D (MAE = 1.114, p < 0.001) CNNs. The saliency maps from our method indicated that the anatomical information describing the cortex and ventricles was the primary contributor to brain age prediction. With the application of the proposed method to external MRIs from 21 healthy fetuses, we obtained an MAE of 0.508 weeks. Based on the external MRIs, we found that the stack-wise MAE of the 2D single-channel CNN (0.743 weeks) was significantly lower than those of the 2D multi-channel (1.466 weeks, p < 0.001) and 3D (1.241 weeks, p < 0.001) CNNs. These results demonstrate that our method with multiplanar slices accurately predicts fetal brain age without the need for increased dimensionality or complex MRI preprocessing steps.
CT Appearance Pattern After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Predicts Outcomes in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Yan , Li Gaohua , Li Shuyuan , Wang Yuanhang , Zhao Yanbo , Dong Baiqiang , Wang Jin , Zhu Ruiwu , Chen Ming
Published: October 2021

Backgrounds

Computed tomography (CT) appearance pattern after lung tumor stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) might predicts survival. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between CT appearance pattern after SBRT and outcomes in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Clinical data of inoperable patients with early-stage NSCLC undergoing SBRT were retrospectively analyzed from 2012 to 2015 at the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. The relationship between CT appearance pattern after SBRT and patient’s survival was analyzed.

Results

The data from 173 patients with early-stage lung cancer treated with SBRT were analyzed. One month after SBRT, diffuse consolidation was seen in 17 patients, patchy consolidation in 28 patients, diffuse ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 10 patients, and patchy GGO in 22 patients. The survival time was significantly longer in the “no evidence of increased density” group compared with the “consolidation or GGO” group [2-year overall survival (OS) rate, 96.1% vs 89.3%; hazard ratio (HR), 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.85; P = 0.015]. A similar trend was found in the progression-free survival (PFS) analysis (2-year PFS rate, 91.3% vs 85.0%; HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13–0.95; P = 0.015) and distant metastasis free survival(DMFS) (2-year DMFS rate, 93.3% vs 87.1%; HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20–0.86; P = 0.031). However, no significant difference was found in recurrence-free survival between the two groups (P = 0.212).

Conclusions

One month after SBRT, the radiological change “no evidence of increased density” was prevalent. The OS, PFS, and DMFS were significantly longer in the “no evidence of increased density” group compared with the “consolidation or GGO” group. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.