bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the periodontal viruses in cardiovascular patients associated with periodontitis
Authors: Ilango Paavai , Mahendra Jaideep , Mahendra Little , Cherian Sanjay M. , Suresh Vasugi , Mahalingam Arulpari , Khanna Vinoth , Thanigaimalai Abirami
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The current study aimed in evaluating the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in periodontitis and/or coronary artery disease (CAD) patients to compare with their healthy controls and insist their significance in the same.

Methodology

Two hundred and forty patients were divided into 4 groups. Non‐periodontitis+non‐cardiac (NP+NC) = 60 patients, periodontitis+non‐cardiac patients (P+NC) = 60 patients, non‐periodontitis+cardiac patients (NP+C) = 60 patients, and periodontitis+cardiac (P+C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. EBV, CMV, and HSV were evaluated in the subgingival plaque samples using RT‐PCR (real‐time polymerase chain reaction) and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed using Student's t‐test, Pearson's chi‐square, Turkey post hoc analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The demographic variables did not differ significantly between the groups, except for age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP+C and P+C (p ≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss (p ≤ 0.05) were significantly higher in P+NC and P+C. EBV and CMV were significantly higher in the two periodontitis groups P+NC and P+C (p‐value = 0.000). HSV was significantly higher in the two cardiac groups (NP+C and P+C) (p≤0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between EBV and CAL (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

The study concluded that higher prevalence of EBV and CMV was found in groups with periodontitis patients. This indicates the significant role of the viruses in periodontitis as confirmed by association between EBV and CAL. The viruses were said to be highest in periodontitis patients with CAD. This could pave a new link in the risk of CAD in periodontitis patients.
Comparison of lichen sclerosus in boys and girls: A systematic literature review of epidemiology, symptoms, genetic background, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis
Authors: Kumar Kajal S. , Morrel Beth , van Hees Colette L. M. , van der Toorn Fred , van Dorp Wendy , Mendels Elodie J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Studies concerning pediatric lichen sclerosus are limited, and, to date, there have been no studies comparing the course of lichen sclerosus in boys and girls. We sought to examine all publications on boys and girls with lichen sclerosus and assess and compare epidemiology, symptoms and signs, genetic background, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in the Embase, Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria were information on children ages 0–18 years and a clinical or histologic diagnosis of lichen sclerosus. Literature from 1985 to 2021 was reviewed.

Results

A total of 1780 articles were retrieved from the search, of which 90 articles were eligible for inclusion. Boys and girls present similarly on many aspects; nonetheless, treatment and follow‐up are approached differently.

Conclusions

Though the clinical approach is often different, lichen sclerosus in boys and girls demonstrates many similarities. More research is needed, especially on follow‐up, to gain a better understanding of the course of lichen sclerosus and establish an advanced management plan for children.
Melasma: The need for tailored photoprotection to improve clinical outcomes
Authors: Morgado‐Carrasco Daniel , Piquero‐Casals Jaime , Granger Corinne , Trullàs Carles , Passeron Thierry
Published: March 2022

Background/purpose

Melasma is a frequent photoexacerbated hyperpigmentary disorder, which can significantly impact on the quality of life. We sought to review the pathogenesis of melasma, and the role of photoprotection in the prevention and treatment of this disorder.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review of the literature. We performed literature searches with PubMed from January 1990 to December 2021 using the keywords “melasma,” “pathogenesis,” “ultraviolet radiation,” “visible light,” “photoprotection,” and “sunscreens.”

Results

The physiopathology of melasma includes a complex interaction between genetics, sex hormones, and sun exposure. Visible light, in particular high‐energy visible light (HEVL), and long‐wave UVA (UVA1) play a key role in melasma pathophysiology, and recent research suggests that melasma shares many features with photoaging disorders. Melasma disproportionately affects dark‐skinned individuals. Some 30% to 50% of South Americans and Asians, among other ethnicities, can present with melasma. Dark‐skinned patients take fewer photoprotective measures. Also, the majority of melasma patients do not adequately follow photoprotection recommendations, including the application of sunscreen. Intensive use of a broad‐spectrum sunscreen can prevent melasma in high‐risk individuals, can lessen melasma severity (associated or not with depigmenting agents), and can reduce relapses.

Conclusions

Due to the physiopathology of melasma, sunscreens should be broad‐spectrum with high sun protection factor, and provide high protection against UVA1 and VL. Sunscreens should be cosmetically acceptable and leave no white residue. Tinted sunscreens are an excellent choice, as pigments can protect from HEVL and UVA1, and may provide camouflage, but they must offer colors that match the skin tone of each patient.
Social networks of independents and partisans: Are independents a moderating force?
Authors: Reilly Thom , Hedberg E. C.
Published: March 2022

While scholars have long recognized that social networks impact political engagement for partisans, comparatively little work has examined the role of networks for independent voters. In this article, we contribute to existing research on social networks and politics by surveying Arizona registered voters about their political persuasion, personal networks, and media consumption habits. Our findings show that independents have networks that are structurally different from partisans. Specifically, we found that both Democrat and Republican respondents were more likely to frequently talk about politics with independents than with members of the opposing party. Independents were also less likely than partisans to end a friendship over a political dispute. Taken together these findings show that independents may be frequent and reliable discussion partners for partisans and may be able to moderate political views. We find evidence for the moderating force of independents is especially apparent in the media consumption habits of Republican respondents.

Related Articles

Cormack, Lindsey. 2019. “Leveraging Peer‐to‐Peer Connections to Increase Voter Participation in Local Elections.”Politics & Policy47(2): 248–66.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12297.

Malmberg, Fredrik G., and Henrik Serup Christensen. 2021. “Voting Women, Protesting Men: A Multilevel Analysis of Corruption, Gender, and Political Participation.”Politics & Policy49(1): 126–61.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12393.

Rowe, Andrew D., and David E. Pitfield. 2019. “The Challenge of Social Media Incorporation: A Case Study of HACAN Clearskies.”Politics & Policy47(4): 775–806.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12319.
Revealing the species diversity of Neolyngbya (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) from subtropical coastal regions of Okinawa, Japan, with descriptions of Neolyngbya intertidalis sp. nov. and Neolyngbya latusa sp. nov.
Authors: Nuryadi Handung , Suda Shoichiro
Published: March 2022

Okinawan coasts are a rich source of biodiversity, including of filamentous cyanobacteria, owing to their habitat diversity created by coral reefs. Along the coastlines of Okinawa, several undescribed species, including those from Neolyngbya, remain unexplored. In this study, two undescribed cyanobacterial species with morphological resemblance to Neolyngbya were identified using a polyphasic approach. Both taxa had morphological features similar to known species of Neolyngbya; however, the cell size and thallus shape were different. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region showed that the two new species formed a highly supported independent subclade within Neolyngbya. Accordingly, three informative domains of the ITS region (D1‐D1′, Box B and V3) also presented distinct secondary structures compared to previously described species of Neolyngbya, both in structure form and configuration. Overall, analyses of morphology and phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S‐23S rRNA ITS region, as well as the secondary structures of ITS region, supported the proposal of two new species within Neolyngbya. Herein, we propose N. intertidalis sp. nov. and N. latusa sp. nov. as new members of Neolyngbya under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN).
The relationship between serum levels of S‐100β and anxiety symptoms in patients with acute stroke
Authors: Wang Qiongzhang , Xu Minjie , Xiao Meijuan , Luan Xiaoqian , Chen Huijun , Ruan Yiting , Wang Liuyuan , Tu Yujie , Huang Guiqian , He Jincai
Published: March 2022

Background

Post‐stroke anxiety (PSA) is a common neuropsychiatric affective disorder occurring after a stroke. Animal experiments have indicated that serum S‐100β levels are closely related to anxiety disorder. No clinical study has been done to explore the relationship between serum S‐100β levels and anxiety symptoms in patients with acute stroke. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between serum S‐100β levels and PSA.

Methods

One hundred twenty‐six acute stroke patients were recruited and followed up for 1 month. Blood samples were collected within 24 h after admission. The levels of serum S‐100β were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Patients with significant clinical symptoms of anxiety and a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score >7 at 1 month after stroke were diagnosed as PSA.

Results

Serum S‐100β levels in the non‐PSA group were lower than the PSA group (838.97 (678.20–993.59) ng/L vs. 961.87 (796.09–1479.59) ng/L, Z = −2.661, P = 0.008). In multivariate analyses, we found that decreased risk of PSA was associated with low tertile serum S‐100β levels (≤753.8 ng/L, OR 0.062, 95% CI 0.008–0.475, P = 0.007).

Conclusions

Low serum S‐100β levels at admission may be associated with the decreased risk of PSA.
Edwardsiella ictaluri: A systemic review and future perspectives on disease management
Authors: Machimbirike Vimbai Irene , Crumlish Margaret , Dong Ha Thanh , Santander Javier , Khunrae Pongsak , Rattanarojpong Triwit
Published: March 2022

Edwardsiella ictaluri, a non‐zoonotic Gram‐negative bacterium, has been known to science for more than 4 decades. It was reported for the first time in 1979 in Ictalurus punctatus in the USA and later in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco in Asia. Even though catfish species are more susceptible to E. ictaluri, other fish species are also affected, and up to 44 fish species in four continents are known to be susceptible. The diseases caused by E. ictaluri are known as enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC) in channel catfish, bacillary necrosis of pangasius (BNP) in striped catfish, red head disease in yellow catfish and edwardsiellosis in tilapia. Outbreaks caused by E. ictaluri can cause up to 100% mortality resulting in substantive economic losses to the industry, threatening food security and undermining sustainability. Although efforts have been made to prevent and control this pathogen using vaccines, antibiotics, disease resistance selective breeding, functional feed ingredients, prebiotics and probiotics, and biosecurity measures, E. ictaluri is still causing health issues in different countries. Here, we provided with a comprehensive review that addressed the current knowledge of E. ictaluri bacteriological characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and management. Furthermore, we also provided the future perspectives based on advanced technologies and biosecurity management in aquaculture to assist pathogen control and/or eradication.
A Bayesian Framework for the Analysis and Optimal Mitigation of Cyber Threats to Cyber‐Physical Systems
Authors: Żebrowski Piotr , Couce‐Vieira Aitor , Mancuso Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Critical infrastructures are increasingly reliant on information and communications technology (ICT) for more efficient operations, which, at the same time, exposes them to cyber threats. As the frequency and severity of cyberattacks are increasing, so are the costs of critical infrastructure security. Efficient allocation of resources is thus a crucial issue for cybersecurity. A common practice in managing cyber threats is to conduct a qualitative analysis of individual attack scenarios through risk matrices, prioritizing the scenarios according to their perceived urgency and addressing them in order until all the resources available for cybersecurity are spent. Apart from methodological caveats, this approach may lead to suboptimal resource allocations, given that potential synergies between different attack scenarios and among available security measures are not taken into consideration. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a quantitative framework that features: (1) a more holistic picture of the cybersecurity landscape, represented as a Bayesian network (BN) that encompasses multiple attack scenarios and thus allows for a better appreciation of vulnerabilities; and (2) a multiobjective optimization model built on top of the said BN that explicitly represents multiple dimensions of the potential impacts of successful cyberattacks. Our framework adopts a broader perspective than the standard cost–benefit analysis and allows the formulation of more nuanced security objectives. We also propose a computationally efficient algorithm that identifies the set of Pareto–optimal portfolios of security measures that simultaneously minimize various types of expected cyberattack impacts, while satisfying budgetary and other constraints. We illustrate our framework with a case study of electric power grids.
A Friendly Critique of Levinasian Machine Ethics
Authors: Gamez Patrick
Published: March 2022

In this article, I provide a sympathetic critique of a particular orientation or approach in machine ethics, namely, “Levinasian” machine ethics. I am sympathetic insofar as Levinasian machine ethics articulates what I call a “normativity‐first” approach to ethics and uses the particularly striking case of robots, or artificial agents, to illustrate it. However, the particular way in which Levinasians like David Gunkel articulate a normativity‐first ethics is, I think, misguided. In order to be successful, such an ethics would need to be made more Levinasian, but doing so would lead to an ethical theory with undesirable consequences in the context of digital and surveillance capitalism. I will conclude by suggesting that the aims of Levinasian machine ethics might be better served by an ethics of design oriented toward transforming our shared forms of moral life.
Hegemonic whiteness: Expanding and operationalizing the conceptual framework
Authors: Miller Paula K.
Published: March 2022

Conversations about whiteness in the U.S. have become increasingly common in recent years. Yet, there is still much deliberation about what whiteness is. Existing research has demonstrated that whiteness is a homogenizing force, investing all white people in institutions and cultures that maintain white supremacy. Yet, recent studies have also explored the situated nature of whiteness by demonstrating how whiteness varies based on space, time, and the social location of the white people who embody it. Hegemonic whiteness, a framework that explores how inter‐ and intra‐racial hierarchies are sustained via dominant ideologies and practices, provides insights that account for these seemingly opposing trends. In this paper, I further develop the framework of hegemonic whiteness using Connell’s (1987), Connell and Messerchmidt's (2005), and Messerschmidt’s (2019) framework of hegemonic masculinity. Next, I operationalize the dominant affective, attitudinal, behavioral, and cultural standards associated with one particular type of whiteness: notably hegemonic whiteness in the US context. These standards provide important insights into whiteness by demonstrating the baseline expectations whites from disparate backgrounds are expected to embody to fully reap the “wages of whiteness”. Such understandings can contribute to more effective anti‐racist education programs and race‐based social justice movements.
No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women's employment, unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries, 1985–2018
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Rense
Published: March 2022

Comparative welfare state research as examined the outcomes of active labour market policies (ALMP) and work‐family reconciliation policies by and large been separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro‐level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in ALMP and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are complementary to each other in promoting women's employment rates and reducing women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorises about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. These findings provide support for the notion of welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP achieve this through reducing women's unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also achieve lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns.
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Dorper sheep milk with subclinical-mastitis infection by uniplex PCR using 16S rRNA, lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX genes
Authors: Azemin Amirah , Alias Nadiawati , Kari Asmad
Published: March 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic and versatile pathogenic bacterium that can adapt in various environmental condition, which play a role in multiple virulence factor and resistance to antibiotics. Moreover, molecular identification techniques using single target gene is more susceptible to error and false positive. Thus, the detection of this strain with high specificity and sensitivity is crucial in order to control this pathogenic bacterium. The aim of this study was to evaluate six bacteria strains (13-1, 66-1, 00-1, 46-1, 10-R and 67-1) isolated from Dorper sheep milk and two P. aeruginosa ATCC strains (ATCC BAA-2108 and ATCC27853) for prompt identification of the strains based on uniplex polymerase chain reaction which targeting PA-SS, PA-GS, lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX genes. In the present study, the Dorper sheep milk’s samples (n = 32) were collected and tested with California mastitis test (CMT). Out of 32 milk’s samples, six of the samples were detected with strong mastitis, and thus were continued with inoculation process on selective media Pseudomonas Agar P (for pyocyanin) or F (fluorescein) and MacConkey agar for differentiation. After extraction of the bacteria chromosomal DNA, uniplex PCR amplification were carried out by using 16S rRNA (PA-SS and PA-GS) primers and specific P. aeruginosa genes (lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX) primers. The specificity of the primers was also examined by non-Pseudomonas species as a control for data comparison. Sequence analysis has revealed that six of the isolated samples were confirmed as P. aeruginosa strains with the respective genes sequence confirmed by BLAST and Clustal Omega. From this study, lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX were highly reliable primers with the percentage of identification of more than 95.0% as compared to PA-SS and PA-GS which were less than 90.0%. This study concludes that highly specific and sensitive assay has been developed using lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX targeted genes for the detection of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from fresh sheep milk samples.
Ca2+ signalling in interstitial cells of Cajal contributes to generation and maintenance of tone in mouse and monkey lower oesophageal sphincters
Authors: Drumm Bernard T. , Hannigan Karen I. , Lee Ji Yeon , Rembetski Benjamin E. , Baker Salah A. , Koh Sang Don , Cobine Caroline A. , Sanders Kenton M.
Published: March 2022

The lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) generates tone and prevents reflux of gastric contents. LES smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are relatively depolarised, facilitating activation of Cav1.2 channels to sustain contractile tone. We hypothesised that intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC‐IM), through activation of Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels (ANO1), set membrane potentials of SMCs favourable for activation of Cav1.2 channels. In some gastrointestinal muscles, ANO1 channels in ICC‐IM are activated by Ca2+ transients, but no studies have examined Ca2+ dynamics in ICC‐IM within the LES. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to determine expression of key proteins and genes in ICC‐IM and SMCs. These studies revealed that Ano1 and its gene product, ANO1, are expressed in c‐Kit+ cells (ICC‐IM) in mouse and monkey LES clasp muscles. Ca2+ signalling was imaged in situ, using mice expressing GCaMP6f specifically in ICC (Kit‐KI‐GCaMP6f). ICC‐IM exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ transients from multiple firing sites. Ca2+ transients were abolished by cyclopiazonic acid or caffeine but were unaffected by tetracaine or nifedipine. Maintenance of Ca2+ transients depended on Ca2+ influx and store reloading, as Ca2+ transient frequency was reduced in Ca2+ free solution or by Orai antagonist. Spontaneous tone of LES muscles from mouse and monkey was reduced ∼80% either by Ani9, an ANO1 antagonist or by the Cav1.2 channel antagonist nifedipine. Membrane hyperpolarisation occurred in the presence of Ani9. These data suggest that intracellular Ca2+ activates ANO1 channels in ICC‐IM in the LES. Coupling of ICC‐IM to SMCs drives depolarisation, activation of Cav1.2 channels, Ca2+ entry and contractile tone.

Key points

The lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) generates contractile tone preventing reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. LES smooth muscle cells (SMCs) display depolarised membrane potentials facilitating activation of L‐type Ca2+ channels.

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) express Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels encoded by Ano1 in mouse and monkey LES. Ca2+ signalling in ICC activates ANO1 currents in ICC.

ICC displayed spontaneous Ca2+ transients in mice from multiple firing sites in each cell and no entrainment of Ca2+ firing between sites or between cells.

Inhibition of ANO1 channels with a specific antagonist caused hyperpolarisation of mouse LES and inhibition of tone in monkey and mouse LES muscles.

Our data suggest a novel mechanism for LES tone in which Ca2+ transient activation of ANO1 channels in ICC generates depolarising inward currents that conduct to SMCs to activate L‐type Ca2+ currents, Ca2+ entry and contractile tone.
Preserved stem cell content and innervation profile of elderly human skeletal muscle with lifelong recreational exercise
Authors: Soendenbroe Casper , Dahl Christopher L. , Meulengracht Christopher , Tamáš Michal , Svensson Rene B. , Schjerling Peter , Kjaer Michael , Andersen Jesper L. , Mackey Abigail L.
Published: March 2022

Muscle fibre denervation and declining numbers of muscle stem (satellite) cells are defining characteristics of ageing skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for lifelong recreational exercise to offset muscle fibre denervation and compromised satellite cell content and function, both at rest and under challenged conditions. Sixteen elderly lifelong recreational exercisers (LLEX) were studied alongside groups of age‐matched sedentary (SED) and young subjects. Lean body mass and maximal voluntary contraction were assessed, and a strength training bout was performed. From muscle biopsies, tissue and primary myogenic cell cultures were analysed by immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR to assess myofibre denervation and satellite cell quantity and function. LLEX demonstrated superior muscle function under challenged conditions. When compared with SED, the muscle of LLEX was found to contain a greater content of satellite cells associated with type II myofibres specifically, along with higher mRNA levels of the beta and gamma acetylcholine receptors (AChR). No difference was observed between LLEX and SED for the proportion of denervated fibres or satellite cell function, as assessed in vitro by myogenic cell differentiation and fusion index assays. When compared with inactive counterparts, the skeletal muscle of lifelong exercisers is characterised by greater fatigue resistance under challenged conditions in vivo, together with a more youthful tissue satellite cell and AChR profile. Our data suggest a little recreational level exercise goes a long way in protecting against the emergence of classic phenotypic traits associated with the aged muscle.

Key points

The detrimental effects of ageing can be partially offset by lifelong self‐organized recreational exercise, as evidence by preserved type II myofibre‐associated satellite cells, a beneficial muscle innervation status and greater fatigue resistance under challenged conditions.

Satellite cell function (in vitro), muscle fibre size and muscle fibre denervation determined by immunofluorescence were not affected by recreational exercise.

Individuals that are recreationally active are far more abundant than master athletes, which sharply increases the translational perspective of the present study. Future studies should further investigate recreational activity in relation to muscle health, while also including female participants.
Implementing Change at the Sunnyhill Health & Racquet Club
Authors: Chard Chris , McCrory Liam , Spence Kirsty , Milligan Matthew
Published: March 2022

In this case, challenges related to enacting change within a small, private, not-for-profit tennis club in a wealthy suburban community are considered. David Wilson, President of the Sunnyhill Health & Racquet Club, is tasked with developing a plan to address areas of concern within the club’s physical infrastructure toward possible upgrading of the club. With a diverse range of members (and their associated interests) and community stakeholders gathering to influence the decision, the case presented allows for rich discussion on change management strategies. Indeed, as Wilson is met with severe resistance to a unilaterally designed grandiose design by these constituents, it is subsequently left to him and a third party team of analysts to present a spectrum of plans to both address the issues at the club and meet members’ various needs and wants.
Phosphorylation of serine-893 in CARD11 suppresses the formation and activity of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 complex in T and B cells
Authors: Kutzner Kerstin , Woods Simone , Karayel Ozge , Gehring Torben , Yin Hongli , Flatley Andrew , Graß Carina , Wimberger Nicole , Tofaute Marie J. , Seeholzer Thomas , Feederle Regina , Mann Matthias , Krappmann Daniel
Published: March 2022

CARD11 acts as a gatekeeper for adaptive immune responses after T cell or B cell antigen receptor (TCR/BCR) ligation on lymphocytes. PKCθ/β-catalyzed phosphorylation of CARD11 promotes the assembly of the CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex and lymphocyte activation. Here, we demonstrated that PKCθ/β-dependent CARD11 phosphorylation also suppressed CARD11 functions in T or B cells. Through mass spectrometry–based proteomics analysis, we identified multiple constitutive and inducible CARD11 phosphorylation sites in T cells. We demonstrated that a single TCR- or BCR-inducible phosphorylation on Ser
893
in the carboxyl terminus of CARD11 prevented the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, the kinase JNK, and the protease MALT1. Moreover, CARD11 Ser
893
phosphorylation sensitized BCR-addicted lymphoma cells to toxicity induced by Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Phosphorylation of Ser
893
in CARD11 by PKCθ controlled the strength of CARD11 scaffolding by impairing the formation of the CBM complex. Thus, PKCθ simultaneously catalyzes both stimulatory and inhibitory CARD11 phosphorylation events, which shape the strength of CARD11 signaling in lymphocytes.
Stimulated Organic Carbon Cycling and Microbial Community Shift Driven by a Simulated Cold-Seep Eruption
Authors: Lv Yongxin , Yang Shanshan , Xiao Xiang , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2022

In the ocean, almost all of the emission and consumption of deeply buried methane occurs in cold seeps; therefore, understanding the methane cycling in cold seeps is crucial to estimating the oceanic methane budget. Cold-seep eruptions often lead to the dramatic destruction of microbial ecosystems that drive methane cycling.
The Global Virome in One Network (VIRION): an Atlas of Vertebrate-Virus Associations
Authors: Carlson Colin J. , Gibb Rory J. , Albery Gregory F. , Brierley Liam , Connor Ryan P. , Dallas Tad A. , Eskew Evan A. , Fagre Anna C. , Farrell Maxwell J. , Frank Hannah K. , Muylaert Renata L. , Poisot Timothée , Rasmussen Angela L. , Ryan Sadie J. , Seifert Stephanie N.
Published: March 2022

Animals and their viruses are connected by a sprawling, tangled network of species interactions. Data on the host-virus network are available from several sources, which use different naming conventions and often report metadata in different levels of detail.
Variations of Bacterial and Diazotrophic Community Assemblies throughout the Soil Profile in Distinct Paddy Soil Types and Their Contributions to Soil Functionality
Authors: Wang Xiaomi , Teng Ying , Ren Wenjie , Li Yuntao , Yang Teng , Chen Yan , Zhao Ling , Zhang Huimin , Kuramae Eiko E.
Published: March 2022

Rice paddy ecosystems support nearly half of the global population and harbor remarkably diverse microbiomes and functions in a variety of soil types. Diazotrophs provide significant bioavailable nitrogen in paddy soil, priming nitrogen transformation and other biogeochemical processes.
Identification of Plasmid-Mediated Tigecycline-Resistant Gene
tet
(X4) in
Enterobacter cloacae
from Pigs in China
Authors: Wu Yiping , He Ruowen , Qin Mingyang , Yang Yanxian , Chen Jieyun , Feng Yu , Liang Xiaoxue , Deng Wenbin , Ding Xin , Qin Li-Na , Liao Kang , Yang Yongqiang , Tian Guo-Bao
Published: March 2022

We identified two
tet
(X4)-positive
E. cloacae
isolates, which has not been previously reported. We obtained the complete sequence of pTECL_2-190k-tetX4 and found that it was a hybrid plasmid with multiple replicon types, including IncFIA, IncHI1A and IncHI1B.
Pan-Genome Analysis of Delftia tsuruhatensis Reveals Important Traits Concerning the Genetic Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Biotechnological Properties of the Species
Authors: Yin Zhiqiu , Liu Xinbei , Qian Chengqian , Sun Li , Pang Shiqi , Liu Jianing , Li Wei , Huang Weiwei , Cui Shiyu , Zhang Chengkai , Song Weixing , Wang Dandan , Xie Zhihong
Published: March 2022

D. tsuruhatensis
is considered a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), an organic pollutant degradation strain, and an emerging opportunistic pathogen to the human. However, the genetic diversity, the evolutionary dynamics, and the genetic basis of these remarkable traits are still little known.
Supplemental Material: Centennial to millennial variability of greenhouse climate across the mid-Cenomanian event
Authors: Ma Chao , al. et
Published: March 2022

Background of the studied interval, time series analysis of the grayscale of the marls, micropaleontology, and supplemental figures and tables.
Hyponatraemic seizure secondary to primary polydipsia following urological surgery
Authors: Han Jennie , Dickinson John , Elnaggar Mohamed Nabil
Published: March 2022

An 82-year-old man presented to the emergency department with delirium, vomiting and an initial hyponatraemia of 112 mmol/L the day after successful transurethral vaporisation of the prostate. He had a tonic-clonic seizure in the acute surgical unit and was managed subsequently in the intensive care unit with a controlled rate of hypertonic saline. Initial work-up for the cause of hyponatraemia revealed a low urine osmolality, suggestive of relative excess water intake. Detailed examination of the operation notes revealed no discrepancy between intraoperative irrigating fluid input and output. Careful collateral history revealed that the patient had drunk 8 L of water in the 24 hours following the operation, after taking advice to ‘drink plenty of water’ literally. This case highlights the importance of conveying specific advice to patient, the lower incidence of transurethral resection syndrome in resections using saline as an irrigation fluid and outlines the pathway for investigation and management for hyponatraemia.
DAT negative warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia secondary to a mature cystic teratoma refractory to immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Denny Nicholas , Gordon Elizabeth , Atoyebi Oyewale
Published: March 2022

Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) have a rare but recognised association with IgG-mediated autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). We present the first case of an MCT associated with IgA-mediated AIHA. We discuss the diagnostic challenges of patients presenting with a direct antiglobulin test negative AIHA picture and the importance of reviewing these cases with the local transfusion laboratory. We also review the treatment options for MCT associated AIHA. In particular, we note they are typically resistant to immunosuppression and that surgical resection should be considered at an early stage. Although MCTs are a rare cause of AIHA, they can be treated easily and should be excluded in young women presenting with AIHA, especially if resistant to corticosteroids.
Rare presentation of cervical deciduosis as antepartum haemorrhage
Authors: Verma Manju Lata , Sankhwar Pushpa Lata , Qayoom Sumaira , Gaur Renu
Published: March 2022

Cervical deciduosis refers to the condition in which ectopic decidual changes take place in the cervix. It is mostly asymptomatic but sometimes may have various clinical presentations. In our case, patient had a rare clinical presentation of cervical deciduosis, in the form of an antepartum haemorrhage at 32 weeks. On examination, there were multiple friable lesions measuring 5–15 mm in size on both the lips of the cervix and it was very much simulating to malignancy, so biopsy was done. However, biopsy led to uncontrolled bleeding and finally the patient required premature lower segment caesarean section. Both mother and baby were well. Biopsy report was diagnostic of cervical deciduosis. On follow-up at 6 weeks post partum, the cervix was found to be absolutely healthy. Since, cervical deciduosis is a benign condition which gets resolved 4–6 weeks post partum. So, keeping differential diagnosis of cervical deciduosis in mind is very important to avoid unnecessary cervical biopsies during pregnancy. And patient with suspicion of cervical deciduosis should be followed up postpartum strictly.
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis presenting with a Group AStreptococcuspericardial effusion
Authors: Koerner Taylor , Patel Mehul D , Pai Vinay , Indramohan Gitanjali
Published: March 2022

A 4-year-old child was transferred to the paediatric intensive care unit with acute respiratory failure following 4 days of fever, nausea and vomiting. Chest X-ray on admission had an enlarged cardiac silhouette and transthoracic echo confirmed a large pericardial effusion. An emergent pericardiocentesis was performed at bedside which drained nearly 1000 mL of purulent fluid. Postdrainage course was complicated by acute systolic and diastolic heart failure, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. A chest CT and MRI were concerning for a diffuse mediastinal soft-tissue density, so the patient underwent interventional radiology-guided biopsy complicated by haemorrhage requiring mediastinal exploration and subtotal thymectomy. Histopathology revealed changes consistent with kaposiform lymphangiomatosis and MRI demonstrated involvement of the lumbar spine and right hip. Following a course of intravenous antibiotics, the patient was started on sirolimus and prednisolone and ultimately discharged home.
Rare case of a synchronous pleural solitary fibrous tumour and a thymic cyst
Authors: Van Venetien Frederique , Luca Conti , Mercieca Darlene , Farrugia Paul , Fsadni Peter
Published: March 2022

We present a unique case of a 41-year-old man with an anterior mediastinal mass and a pulmonary nodule, found incidentally on a thoracic CT. Further evaluation with an MRI revealed a thymic cyst which was multiloculated with several septations. Biopsy of the pulmonary nodule was performed and histology was consistent with a solitary fibrous tumour (SFT), on the benign spectrum. Both lesions were successfully resected simultaneously via a median sternotomy approach. Final full histological diagnoses confirmed a multiloculated thymic cyst and a completely excised SFT.
Pulmonary thromboembolism and its complications in a patient in labour
Authors: Vyas Neetha , Poonja Neetha , Shetty Balika , Rai Supriya
Published: March 2022

Venous thromboembolic event in pregnancy is a rare but dreaded complication. When it occurs in labour, it presents with sudden severe fetal distress and maternal haemodynamic compromise. We present to you a case where in patient was taken up for emergency caesarean section for severe fetal distress. Intraoperative ECG showed right heart strain. Hence, an immediate bedside echocardiography was done in medical intensive care unit and it picked up a swirling thrombus in right atrium which immediately got dislodged to pulmonary vessels. Postcaesarean, we faced challenge of controlling active bleeding from atonic uterus with non-surgical techniques (Bakri balloon tamponade and uterine artery embolisation) before considering anticoagulation therapy for pulmonary embolism. The patient recovered well after anticoagulation treatment.
Survival for waitlisted kidney failure patients receiving transplantation versus remaining on waiting list: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chaudhry Daoud , Chaudhry Abdullah , Peracha Javeria , Sharif Adnan
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To investigate the survival benefit of transplantation versus dialysis for waitlisted kidney failure patients with a priori stratification.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Online databases MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched between database inception and 1 March 2021.

Inclusion criteria

All comparative studies that assessed all cause mortality for transplantation versus dialysis in patients with kidney failure waitlisted for transplant surgery were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was done using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model, with heterogeneity investigated by subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and meta-regression.

Results

The search identified 48 observational studies with no randomised controlled trials (n=1 245 850 patients). In total, 92% (n=44/48) of studies reported a long term (at least one year) survival benefit associated with transplantation compared with dialysis. However, 11 of those studies identified stratums in which transplantation offered no statistically significant benefit over remaining on dialysis. In 18 studies suitable for meta-analysis, kidney transplantation showed a survival benefit (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.54; P<0.001), with significant heterogeneity even after subgroup/sensitivity analyses or meta-regression analysis.

Conclusion

Kidney transplantation remains the superior treatment modality for most patients with kidney failure to reduce all cause mortality, but some subgroups may lack a survival benefit. Given the continued scarcity of donor organs, further evidence is needed to better inform decision making for patients with kidney failure.

Study registration

PROSPERO CRD42021247247.
Predictors of adverse perinatal outcome among women who gave birth at Medical Center of Southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jaleta Debela Dereje , Abdisa Diriba Kumara
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine predictors of adverse perinatal outcome among women who gave birth at Medical Center of Southwest Ethiopia.

Setting

Institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted among women who gave birth at Medical Center of Southwest Ethiopia.

Participants

Medical record of 777 women was included in the study by using maternity HMIS logbook as entry point. Simple random sampling technique without replacement was employed to select individual medical record using computer generated random numbers.

Primary outcome measured

Predictors of adverse perinatal outcome were examined using modified Poisson regression with a robust SE.

Results

Majority, 74.1% of the participants were in the age group of 21–34 years and the median age was 26 (IQR=7) years. More than one-third, 35.9% of the mothers were primigravida and only 21.2% of them had above four antenatal cares (ANC) visit. The overall incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was 31.5% (95% CI: 28.3 to 34.9). Maternal age less than 20 years (adjusted risk ratio, aRR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.5), rural residence (aRR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.59), presence of antepartum haemorrhage in current pregnancy (aRR=1.7; 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.07), maternal anaemia (aRR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.53), lack of ANC visit (aRR=2.29; 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.90), induced labour (aRR=1.77; 95% CI: 1.43 to 2.19) and being positive for venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test in current pregnancy (aRR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.38) were found to be significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcome.

Conclusion

The incidence of adverse perinatal outcome in the study area is high and maternal age less than 20, rural residency, maternal anaemia, antepartum haemorrhage in the current pregnancy, inadequate ANC visit, induction of labour and being positive for VDRL test were found to predict occurrence of adverse perinatal outcome. Majority of these problems can be managed by providing quality antenatal, intrapartum and post-natal care.
Prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaein the homeless population of Medellín, Colombia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vélez-Gómez Diego Enrique , Torres-Vellojín Natalia , Grajales-Zapata Juan Camilo , McEwen-Ochoa Juan Guillermo , Martínez Alonso , Ramírez-Lopera Verónica , Villegas-Castaño Aracelly
Published: March 2022

Objective

To determine the prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) in the homeless population in Medellín, Colombia, using molecular diagnostic methods. It also intended to develop a demographic profile, exploring associated factors and the dynamics of the social and sexual interactions of this community.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Two homeless care centres in Medellín, Colombia.

Participants

Homeless individuals that assisted to the main homeless care centres of Medellín, Colombia from 2017 to 2019.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The prevalence of CT and NG in this population using qPCR detection, factors associated with CT and NG infection, and the sociodemographic profile of the community.

Results

The prevalence of CT infection was 19.2%, while that of NG was 22.6%. Furthermore, being a female was significantly correlated to CT infection p<0.05 (adjusted OR, AOR 2.42, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.47). NG infection was significantly associated with factors such as: sexual intercourse while having a sexually transmitted infection p<0.05 (AOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.48 to 6.85), having more than 11 sexual partners in the last 6 months p=0.04 (AOR 2.91, 95% CI 1.04 to 8.09) and having daily intercourse p=0.05 (AOR 3.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 9.74).

Conclusions

The prevalence of CT and NG was higher than that reported in the general population. Additionally, females had a higher percentage of infection compared with males.
Women in gastroenterology: the UK trainee experience
Authors: Sethi Sonika , Kumar Aditi , Clough Jennifer , Ravindran Srivathsan , Harris Rebecca , Harvey Philip , Raju Suneil , Brookes Matthew James , Rutter Charlotte S , Steed Helen
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Compared with other medical specialties, there are lower numbers of female trainees and lower rates of flexible working in gastroenterology. This study aims to examine the experience of male and female trainees to understand specialty demographics and the experience of training.

Methods

Gastroenterology training data were obtained from the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) trainee surveys from 2014, 2018 and 2020, and from the Royal College of Physicians Medical Workforce unit between 2011 and 2019. Data on endoscopy measures from 2011 to 2021 were obtained from the Joint Advisory Group (JAG) on gastrointestinal endoscopy, including the JAG Endoscopy training system and the National Endoscopy Database. Data were segregated and compared by gender.

Results

The percentage of female gastroenterology trainees remains at around 40%, largely unchanged over the previous decade. From the BSG trainee survey, 29.5% of women have flexible working patterns compared with 2.6% of men (p<0.001), which is lower than other medical specialties. Less than half of female trainees felt confident about their job prospects once they qualify. A greater proportion of male than female trainees achieved provisional colonoscopy certification during training (55% vs 45%, p=0.005) and female trainees took longer to certify than male trainees (63 months vs 56 months, p=0.004). The total length of training time from primary medical qualification to consultancy was the same for men and women.

Conclusion

Changes must be addressed from a national and institutional level to address equitable access to national training programmes and equality of outcome for male and female trainees.