bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Cardiovascular Risk In Prediabetes Status: The Role Of Atherogenic Plasma Index In Individuals With Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: ŞIVGIN Hakan
Published: September 2023

Atherogenic plasma index (API) is a relatively new index used in the general population for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels have been shown to be associated with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, and API. However, no study has been conducted on the relationship between impaired fasting glucose identified using fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, and API. API was calculated using the logarithm of the molar ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The relationship between glucose metabolism parameters with diabetes status and API was analyzed. The frequency of prediabetes and diabetes in the study participants was 35.3% (n=58) and 25.3% (n=40), respectively. 40 individuals were identified as Type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose >125 mg/dl, OGTT 2nd hour >200 mg/dl), 58 as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) prediabetes (fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dl, OGTT 2nd hour <140mg/dl), and 66 individuals as a non-diabetic control group (glucose <100 mg/dL). 28.1% of participants were in the low-risk group (API<0.11), 18.2% were in the medium-risk group (API 0.11-0.21), and 53.6% were in the high-risk group (API>0.21). High API (high-risk group) was found to be significantly associated with prediabetes and diabetes status. API was also significantly associated with HbA1c, FPG, and 2-hour plasma glucose levels in the OGTT. AIP was significantly associated with the param¬eters of diabetes and prediabetes. Simple calculations made from fasting lipid panel results can be provide more information in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease with IFG patients in prediabetes status.
The role of adiponectin in gastric cancer
Authors: Ming Cheng , Orita Hajime , Shangcheng Yan , Yuan Quan , Fedor Caroline Nadia , Yongyou Wu , Fukunaga Tetsu
Published: September 2023

Adiponectin, an adipokine synthesized by adipose tissue, has garnered significant attention in biomedical investigations. Research on its implications suggests that reduced adiponectin levels in the bloodstream might serve as a potential predisposing factor for several types of cancers, including gastric cancer. Although many studies on adiponectin levels in gastric cancer patients have been reported, its predictive role as a biomarker remains controversial. Moreover, the significance of adiponectin receptor expression as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer tissues varies across different research studies, and the precise mechanism by which adiponectin influences the initiation and advancement of gastric cancer remains to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and postoperative anti-infective effects of adiponectin are worth further investigation. Based on existing studies, it is commonly suggested that in the presence of low adiponectin levels, the stomach might be vulnerable to stimulation or damage from certain carcinogens, promoting gastric cancer development and progression. Considering its complex systemic effects and high serum concentration, adiponectin might serve as a homeostasis regulator and not necessarily as an anti-cancer factor. In this review, we explore the current research available on adiponectin in relation to gastric cancer and discuss its role and corresponding receptors involved in gastric cancer.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR PENDAPATAN DAN POLA PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN JARING KANTONG (TRAMMEL NET) DI KECAMATAN ALUH-ALUH KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Gazali Akhmad , Sofia Leila Ariyani , Agusliani Erma
Published: September 2023

Fishermen's income is sometimes very fluctuating, especially during the famine season which is usually marked by a decrease in the number of catches. This results in price fluctuations that have an impact on decreasing fishermen's income. The aim of this research is to analyze the income structure and expenditure patterns of trammel net fishermen in Aluh-Aluh district, Banjar district. This research was conducted in Aluh-aluh District, Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Realization of the study location was carried out deliberately because the population uses a lot of fishing gear net bag (Trammel Net). The research was conducted from April to December 2022. The method used in this research is a descriptive method which can be interpreted as a problem solving procedure investigated by describing/ describe the condition of the subject/object of research. Total household income of bag net fishermen in Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Income from catches from fishermen who own boats is IDR 104,814,532/year and income from farming in the paddy fields is IDR 17,188,750/year. Income from the catch of boat labor fishermen is Rp. 17,616,000/year and income from farming in the paddy fields Rp. 5,500,000/year. The total expenditure of pocket fishermen in Aluh-Aluh District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province consists of the expenditure pattern of fishermen who own boats, namely food consumption (rice, fish, vegetables and milk) and the expenditure pattern of labor fishermen, namely food consumption (rice, fish, vegetables and milk).
Implementation of the Lean Healthcare System in the Emergency Room of the Hospital de Clinics of the Federal University of Uberlândia: A Case Study
Authors: Freitas Paulo Sergio de , De Mendonça Guilherme Silva , Resende Elmiro Santos
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Objective: analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the Lean Healthcare sys-tem at the emergency room of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HC-UFU), based on a comparison of hospital indicators obtained over the three phases corre-sponding to the period of one year before the implementation (T1), the year during the imple-mentation (T2) and one year after implementation (T3). Material and Methods: this is applied research, classified as a case study, exploratory, descriptive that is developed in stages. Based herein on the search for hospital indicators, as occurred in the implementation process of Lean in Emergencies at the HC-UFU and a description of the implemented Lean system. Results and Discussions: during the period where it was possible to collect data relevant to the NEDOCS and LOS indicators, the motivation of the teams grew, but with a notable tension between municipal management and hospital management. It was found that, despite the fluctuations, the patient length of stay in the Emergency Room remained high. Noteworthy here is that with the excep-tion of the variable of female deaths before 24 hours of hospitalization, all other variables showed percentage increases before and after the intervention. Conclusion: the methodology followed for the implementation of Lean in Emergencies in the emergency sector of the hospital did not produce an improvement in hospital indicators.
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cellulose with Ammonium Sulfate and Thiourea for Production of Supercapacitor Carbon
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Kun , Du Yuhan , Shan Yaqi , Ramzan Naveed , Duan Peigao , Deng Nan
Published: September 2023

Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose was examined at 240 ℃ for 1 h. Ammonium sulfate and thiourea were selected as the doping sources of inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen for the preparation of supercapacitor carbon. The effect of boric acid on the properties of the resulting hydrochar after KOH activation was examined. The results showed that the proportion of functional groups and the specific surface area of the activated hydrochar would be reduced after the addition of boric acid, and the pore-forming process of the micropores would be inhibited. The hydrochar obtained from the reaction of cellulose and organic nitrogen compounds had better pore size distribution and electrochemical properties after activation. The largest specific surface area (952.27 m2 g-1) was obtained when only thiourea was used as the only doping source. In the three-electrode system, the specific capacitance resulting activated hydrochar reached 236.25 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. After 20,000 cycles of charging and discharging at a current density of 10 A g-1, the capacitance retention rate reached 99.96%. Therefore, this study proves that the supercapacitor carbon with good electrochemical properties could be obtained by the direct reaction of cellulose with organic nitrogen compounds.
The Catalytic Impact of Remote Work: Exploring its Transformatory Effects on Local Economies and Unveiling the Mechanisms of Economic Multipliers
Authors: Annamalah Sanmugam , Paraman Pradeep
Published: September 2023

The advent of remote work has ushered in a new era of economic transformation, redefining the dynamics of local economies, and unleashing the multiplier effect on a national scale. This abstract explores the profound implications of remote work on local economies, dissecting how the multiplier effect operates within a nation's economic landscape. The multiplier effect is a fundamental economic concept that highlights how changes in spending and investment can create a ripple effect, leading to a magnified impact on an economy. This concept gains new significance in the context of remote work, as it triggers a chain reaction of economic activities that radiate from remote workers to their local communities. The increased flexibility and reduced geographical constraints of remote work have reshaped the allocation of resources. The continued reliance on remote work may lead to a reduction in demand for commercial real estate in urban centers, necessitating adaptive urban planning strategies. In conclusion, the rise of remote work has initiated a transformative era for local economies, driven by the multiplier effect. By amplifying the impacts of spending and investment, remote work fosters job diversification, innovation, and infrastructure development within communities. As remote work continues to reshape the landscape of work and life, understanding and harnessing its multiplier effect remains paramount for policymakers, businesses, and local communities alike. The multiplier effect is a concept in economics that illustrates how changes in spending can lead to larger impacts on a nation's economy through a chain reaction of economic activities. It demonstrates that an initial injection of spending, whether from government expenditure, investment, or consumption, doesn't just have a one-time impact. Instead, it sets off a series of interconnected spending and income-generation processes that result in a larger overall increase in economic activity. t's important to note that the multiplier effect can work in reverse as well. If there's a decrease in spending, it can lead to a decrease in economic activity and income through the same chain reaction process. This concept highlights the interconnected nature of economic activities and emphasizes the significance of changes in spending patterns on a nation's overall economic health. The magnitude of the multiplier effect is influenced by factors such as the marginal propensity to consume (the proportion of additional income that households spend), leakages (savings and taxes that reduce the multiplier effect), and the extent to which additional spending creates additional production capacity within the economy. Understanding the multiplier effect is essential for policymakers, as it helps them gauge the potential impacts of changes in fiscal and monetary policies on the economy.
Investigation of Texture, Thermal Conduction and Some Mechanical Properties of Melamine Formaldehyde Foam and Melamine Formaldehyde-Organo-Clay Nanocomposite and Some Hybrid Composites
Authors: Gürses Ahmet , Şahin Elif
Published: September 2023

Generally, mineral fillers are added to thermoplastic polymers to reduce cost and improve performance. However, properly selected mineral fillers can also improve thermal conductivity and deformation behavior, shrinkage, impact strength, dimensional stability, and molding cycle time in thermoset polymers. This study focused on the preparation and microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of various hybrid composites using pumice as primary filler and gypsum, kaolin and hollow glass sphere as secondary fillers, as well as examining some of their mechanical properties and thermal conductivities. For this, first of all, surface modification of the clay was carried out by intercalation method from solution using raw Montmorillonite, cationic surfactant and long chain hydrocarbon material, and then organo-clay melamine formaldehyde nanocomposite was prepared by in situ synthesis using organo clay and melamine formaldehyde pre-polymer. Finally, non-ionic surfactant, foaming agent and glycerin were added to the prepared nano-composite at approximately 90°C, mixed mechanically and then pumice was added. The processes at this stage were repeated while preparing hybrid composites with pumice and other mineral additives. For curing and molding, the composite was first subjected to microwave irradiation for 5 minutes followed by thermal treatment at 140°C for 60 min. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images were taken for morphological and textural characterization for raw clay (MMT), organo clay (OMMT) and pure polymer with prepared hybrid composites. In addition, some mechanical properties such as bending strength, elasticity modulus and screw holding resistance, as well as thermal conductivity coefficients of the hybrid composites were determined according to the relevant standards and the obtained results were evaluated. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyzes have shown that effective adhesion interactions occur between polymer-clay nanocomposite particles and filler grains, thus resulting in textural arrangements with different properties. Mechanical and thermal conductivity test results showed that melamine formaldehyde-organo-clay nano composite foam and hybrid composite containing hollow glass sphere are highly qualified materials in terms of thermal insulation and mechanical strength.
AlphaFold2 Empowers Product Specificity Analysis in Plant-derived Diterpene Synthases
Authors: Zhao Yalan , Liang Yupeng , Li Yi , Han Xiulin , Wen Mengliang
Published: September 2023

Plant-derived diterpene synthases (PdiTPSs) play a critical role in the formation of structurally and functionally diverse diterpenoids. However, the specificity or promiscuity of PdiTPSs remains unclear. In order to gain more understanding of this, the sequences of 199 functionally characterized PdiTPSs and their corresponding 3D structures were collected and manually corrected. Then, the correlations among sequences, domains, structures and their corresponding products were comprehensively analyzed. However, those features alone was insufficient for ef-fective product-specific classification of PdiTPSs as these methods could not establish a clear mapping between the enzymes and products. Nevertheless, local structural analysis can identify residues that have been experimentally proven to influence product outcomes through mutagenesis, and these residues exhibit conservation in spatial positioning and physicochemical properties. And aromatic residues surrounding the substrate exhibited selectivity towards its chemical structure. Specifically, tryptophan (W) was preferentially located around the linear substrate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), while phenylalanine (F) and tyrosine (Y) were preferentially located around the initial cyclized diterpene intermediate. This analysis revealed the functional space of residues surrounding the substrate of PdiTPSs, most of which have not been experimentally explored. These findings provide guidance for screening specific residues for mutation studies to change the catalytic products of PdiTPSs.
Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Kabange Nkulu Rolly , Kwon Youngho , Lee So-Myeong , Kang Ju-Won , Cha Jin-Kyung , Park Hyeonjin , Dzorkpe Gamenyah Daniel , Shin Dongjin , Oh Ki-Won , Lee And Jong-Hee
Published: September 2023

Agriculture (crop production, land use, and livestock) is the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting sector after the energy sector. Agriculture is also recognized as the source and sink of GHGs. Evidence demonstrates that the application of high amounts of nitrogen-rich fertilizers enhances methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which are potent GHGs with a high global warming potential (GWP). Considering its global contribution to the climate crisis, reducing GHG emissions in agriculture would considerably lower its share of the global GHG emission records, which may lead to enormous benefits for the environment and food production systems. Several diverging and controversial views questioning the actual role of plants in the current global GHG budget continue to nourish the debate globally. We must acknowledge that considering the beneficial roles of major GHGs to plants at a certain level of accumulation, implementing GHG mitigation measures from agriculture is indeed a complex task. This review seeks to provide key approaches for GHG mitigation in the literature (environmentally friendly crop cultivation and residue management practices, improvement of plants nutrients/fertilizer use efficiency, exploring the genetic diversity for low GHG emission, soil methane-producing bacteria, integrated soil fertility management, improved livestock feeding efficiency, and production, etc.). This work gathers key approaches from 275 peer-reviewed publications, including experimental research papers, review articles, and books, discussing greenhouse gas emissions mechanisms and mitigation to unravel effective strategies for GHG mitigation, proven to be effective or carry the potential to mitigate GHG generation from agriculture. This review also discusses in depth the significance and the dynamics of strategies regarded as game changers with a high potential to enhance, in a sustainable manner, the resilience of agricultural systems. Agricultural GHG mitigation approaches discussed in this work can serve as game changers in global efforts to reducing GHG emissions and alleviating the impact of climate change through sustainable agriculture and informed-decision making.
Diagnostic Study of Mandibular Cortical Index Classification Using Dental Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Findings: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Seki Keisuke , Yoshino Tona , Ogisawa Shouhei , Arai Yushi , Tonogi Morio , Iinuma Toshimitsu
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of osteoporosis is high, reportedly affecting 200 million people worldwide. A major problem associated with osteoporosis is that femoral fractures cause a decline in general function and loss of independence, greatly reducing patients’ quality of life. Notably, osteoporosis is an asymptomatic chronic metabolic disease, and its detection is thus often delayed. Interestingly, mandibular cortical index (MCI) classification using dental panoramic radiography is reportedly useful for early detection of osteoporosis. However, this visual classification method can lead to differences in diagnosis among surgeons. Therefore, this preliminary study was performed to analyze cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data and examine an objective MCI classification using the findings obtained. Materials and Methods: MCI classification (classified as C1, C2, or C3) was performed by three examiners on 70 women (91 sites) aged ≥20 years. The mandibular cortical width of all sites was measured using CBCT images. Results: The results showed that the mandibular cortical width was not particularly correlated with age or number of present teeth, and no significant quantitative differences were found between C1 and C2. However, coronal CBCT images of C2 revealed multiple characteristic bone trabecular structures. Conclusions: These structures may be an important finding affecting the classification of two-dimensional dental panoramic radiography images.
Antigravity in the Six Dimensional Space-Time
Authors: mousavi seyed kazem
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a method for producing a gravity field through an electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field can produce a positive or negative gravity field. The relationship between gravity force and electromagnetic is unknown. Former studies by theoretical physics predict the relationship between these two forces. Based on the general balance theory in six dimensions of space and time, the electromagnetic field was studied from this viewpoint. Three-dimensional waves oscillate in the fourth dimension and electromagnetic waves distort space-time. Aggregating these distortions can behave like a positive or negative gravity field. Consequently, the production of energy is possible from gravitational fields.
Lactate-Based Difference as a Determinant of Outcomes Following Surgery for Type A Acute Aortic Dissection: A LASSO Regression Multicenter Study
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Alzamil Almothana , Salsano Antonio , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh , Gambardella Ivancarmine , Santini Francesco , Fiore Antonio , Perocchio Giacomo , Demondion Pierre , Mesnildrey Patrick , Schoell Thibaut , Bonnet Nicolas , Leprince Pascal
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Type A acute aortic dissection is a serious condition within the acute aortic syndromes that demands immediate treatment. Despite advancements in diagnostic and referral pathways, the survival rate post-surgery currently sits at almost 20%. Our objective was to pinpoint clinical indicators for mortality and morbidity, particularly raised arterial lactate as a key factor for negative outcomes.
Methods: All patients referred to the three cardiovascular centres between January 2005 and December 2022 were included in the study. The inclusion criteria required the presence of a lesion involving the ascending aorta, symptoms within 7 days of surgery, and referral for primary surgical repair of TAAAD based on recommendations, with consideration for other concomitant major cardiac surgical procedures needed during TAAAD and retrograde extension of TAAAD. We conducted an analysis of both continuous and categorical variables and utilized predictive mean matching to fill in missing numeric features. For missing binary variables, we used logistic regression to impute values. We specifically targeted early postoperative mortality and employed LASSO regression to minimize potential collinearity of over-fitting variables and variables measured from the same patient.
Results: 633 patients were recruited for the study, out of which 449 patients had complete preoperative arterial lactate data. The average age of the patients was 64 years, and 304 patients were male (67.6%). The crude early postoperative mortality rate was 24.5% (110 out of 449 patients). The mortality rate did not show any significant difference when comparing conservative and extensive surgeries. However, malperfusion had a significant impact on mortality [48/131 (36.6%) vs 62/318 (19.5%), p<0.001]. Preoperative arterial lactates were significantly elevated in patients with malperfusion. The optimal prognostic threshold of arterial lactate for predicting early postoperative mortality in our cohort was ≥ 2.6 mmol/L.
Conclusion: The arterial lactate concentration in patients referred for TAAAD is an independent factor for both operative mortality and postoperative complications. In addition to mortality, patients with an upper arterial lactate cut-off of ≥2.6 mmol/L face significant risks of VA ECMO and the need for dialysis within the first 48 hours after surgery. To improve recognition and facilitate rapid transfer and surgical treatment protocol, more diligent efforts are required in the management of malperfusion in TAAAD.
From CGRP to PACAP: Unraveling the Next Chapter in Migraine Treatment
Authors: Tanaka Masaru , Szabó Ágnes , Körtési Tamás , Szok Délia , Tajti János , Vécsei And László
Published: September 2023

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that can be debilitating for individuals and society. Current research focuses on finding effective analgesics and management strategies for migraines by targeting specific receptors and neuropeptides. However, the efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in treating migraines can vary among patients, and tolerance may develop over time, reducing their effectiveness. To address the need for novel therapeutic targets, researchers are exploring the potential of another secretin family peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), as a ground-breaking treatment avenue for migraine. Animal models have revealed how PACAP affects the trigeminal system, which is implicated in headache disorders. Clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of PACAP in migraine pathophysiology. Intriguingly, the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 1 receptor mAb, AMG 301 showed no benefit for migraine prevention, while the PACAP ligand mAb, Lu AG09222 significantly reduced the number of monthly migraine days over placebo in a phase 2 clinical trial. In addition, another secretin family peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide is gaining interest as a potential new target. In light of recent advances in PACAP research, we emphasize the potential of PACAP as a promising target for migraine treatment. Recent findings highlight the importance of exploring PACAP as a member of the antimigraine armamentarium, especially for patients who do not respond to anti-CGRP therapies. By updating our knowledge on PACAP and its unique contribution to migraine pathophysiology, we can pave the way for reinforcing PACAP and other secretin peptides as a novel treatment approach for migraines.
Colloid Carcinoma Arising in an Intestinal-Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm with High-Grade Dysplasia Appearing as Signet-Ring Cells of the Pancreas by Serial Pancreatic Juice Aspiration Cytology: A Case Report
Authors: Tachibana Mitsuhiro , Hirota Takayoshi , Hamayasu Hideki , Takeuchi Yu , Tsukamoto Kei , Matsushita Masahiro
Published: September 2023

We report a case of colloid carcinoma (CC) arising from an intestinal-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia (IPMNHGD) of the pancreas, diagnosed with serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytological examination (SPACE). A rapidly growing intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) in a 71-year-old Japanese man accelerated his hospitalization in our institute. Clinically, a large, ruptured pancreatic cyst was suspected. Cytologically, several mucin-positive signet-ring cells were scattered in the inflammatory, necrotic, or mucinous background. Signet-ring cells in cell block specimens were immunoreactive for MUC2, MUC5AC, maspin, S100P, and claudin-18. The final cytologic diagnosis was CC arising in an intestinal-type IPMNHGD with intraperitoneal penetration. The patient died two months postoperatively. The cytologic diagnosis was achieved through SPACE, and the presence of signet-ring cells was characteristic. Anti-claudin-18.2-specific monoclonal antibody therapy will likely be used to treat patients with IPMNHGD in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first report in English on mucin-positive signet-ring cells of CC arising in an intestinal-type IPMNHGD evaluated by SPACE cytology.
Intraplaque Neovascularization, CD68+ and iNOS2+ Macrophage Infiltrate Intensity Are Associated with Atherothrombosis and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Slevin Mark , Balmos Ioan Alexandru , Brînzaniuc Klara , Mureșan Adrian Vasile , Suciu Horatiu , Molnár Gyopár Beáta , Mocian Adriana , Nagy Előd Ernő , Horváth Emőke
Published: September 2023

Background: Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that results from a combination of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory arterial wall disorder. Stenosis of the carotid artery caused by atherosclerotic plaques is responsible for approximately 10-20% of strokes and transient ischemic attacks, and the low-grade intraplaque inflammation interferes with lesion stability and progression. Methods: In this cohort study, initially, 119 patients were enrolled who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Of these, 67 cases with active perilesional inflammatory infiltrate were chosen for further immunohistochemical examination. The CD68+ infiltrate, iNOS2+, Arg1, and CD31 expressions were quantified around the lipid core by digital morphometry. These results were correlated with the presence of morphological changes leading to plaque instability: ulceration, thrombosis, intraplaque hemorrhage, the presence of the lipid core, calcification, and neovascularization. Results: Patients with a stronger macrophage CD68+ infiltrate were associated with intraplaque hemorrhage (p=0.003). In 12 cases with dominant iNOS2 positivity, the occurrence of atherothrombosis was significantly more frequent (p=0.046). Plaque neovascularization, characterized by CD31+, was correlated with atherothrombosis (p=0.02). Conclusion: The intensity of macrophage infiltration correlates with intraplaque hemorrhage, and the presence of pro-inflammatory iNOS2+ macrophages is associated with atherothrombosis in endarterectomized carotid plaques. Neovascularization also has potential thrombotic capacity.
Silicon Effect and Microstructural Characterization of Hot Dip Galvanized Coating of Structural Steels
Authors: Sánchez Christian , Bustos Oscar , Artigas Alfredo , Bruna Hector
Published: September 2023

The microstructure of the coating during hot-dip galvanizing under industrial conditions of two structural steels, a low-silicon ASTM A36 steel and a high-silicon Q345B steel, both of commercial quality, have been characterized for industrial-relevant times. For both cases it is noted that the formation of the Fe-Zn phases begins in early stages during the heating of the steel, a situation in which all the phases are in the solid state. The characterization was carried out through traditional metallographic techniques including SEM-EDS and DRX equipment. The evolution in time of the microstructure of both steels is examined, being able to observe that the mechanism by which silicon accelerates the formation of Fe-Zn phases in galvanizing is related to the change in the energy of the interfaces caused by a silicon accumulation in the liquid phase in contact with the ζ layer. These results provided us with a deeper understanding of the phase evolution in the hot-dip galvanizing of high silicon steels.
Simple Behavioral Intervention May Increase Daily Physical Activity in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Opara Józef Alphons , Grzybowska-Ganszczyk Dominika
Published: September 2023

Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor that may have an influence on the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to apply a simple behavioral intervention to encourage PD sufferers to increase their everyday physical activity and assess which parameters of motor functions will be improved. The research covered 50 PD patients (28 men and 22 women) aged 40-81 years (65.38 ± 9.23), with a duration of the disease 2-4 years, in stages 1-3 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group with behavioral therapy, and the control group without intervention. During 12 weeks the patients from the experimental group had five phone conversations. Each conversation lasted 15 minutes and was an interview about the subjects’ physical activity in the last month. The results were assessed by the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) – part III, FIR (Functional Index “Repty” – own modification of Functional Independence Measure (FIM)), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The results showed that spontaneous physical activity increased in the experimental group and motor functions improved. Physical activity improvement depended on age, body mass index, and gender.
Fluoropolymers as Unique and Irreplaceable Materials: Challenges and Future Trends of These Specific Perfluoroalkyl Substances
Authors: Améduri Bruno
Published: September 2023

In contrast to some low molar-mass per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), well-established to be toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and mobile, fluoropolymers (FPs) are water insoluble, safe, bio-inert, durable niche high performance polymers which fulfil the 13 polymer of low concern (PLC) criteria in their recommended conditions of use. In addition, more recent innovations (e.g., the use of non-fluorinated surfactants in aqueous radical (co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes) from industrial manufacturers of FPs are highlighted. This review also aims at showing how these specialty polymers endowed with outstanding properties are essential (even irreplaceable since hydrocarbon polymer alternatives used in similar conditions fail) for our daily life (electronics, Energy, optics, internet of things, transportation, etc) and constitute a special family a part from other “conventional” C1-C10 PFASs found everywhere on the Earth and Oceans. Furthermore, some information reports the recycling (e.g. the unzipping depolymerization of polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, into TFE), end of life of FPs, their risk assessment, circular economy and regulations. Various researches are devoted to Environment involving FPs, though they represent a niche volume (with a yearly production of 330,300 tonnes) compared to all plastics (with 460 million tonnes). Complementary to other reviews on PFASs, which lack of such above data, this review presents both fundamental and applied strategies as evidenced by major FP producers.
Exploring the Interplay of Physical Environment and Organizational Climate in Sustainable Innovation: A Multidimensional Framework
Authors: Peng Lei , Jia Ruiying
Published: September 2023

The intricate relationship between physical and social environments within organizations plays a pivotal role in shaping sustainable innovation endeavors. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of two key dynamics that have garnered substantial scholarly attention for promoting sustainable innovation: the physical environment and the organizational climate. To elucidate the intricate interplay between these dynamics, we propose a novel three-dimensional framework that guides the modeling of the intricate processes through which the physical environment and innovation climate synergistically influence innovation outcomes. Building on this framework, we delve into an in-depth literature review concerning physical environments that exert a significant impact on innovation. Through this review, we identify and elaborate on four pivotal elements of the physical environment: communality, personalization, comfort, and healthiness. Leveraging insights gleaned from this review, we outline two promising avenues for future research in the realm of the physical environment's interaction with the innovation climate. Furthermore, we underscore the critical importance of adopting an interdisciplinary approach that seamlessly integrates insights from both the physical and social domains to comprehensively understand the sustainable innovation landscape.
Neutrino Masses in Supersymmetric Models with R-Symmetry
Authors: Rodriguez Marcos Cardoso , Vancea Ion Vasile
Published: September 2023

In this article, we give a brief review of the origin of the neutrino mass in some interesting non-linear supersymmetric models with R-symmetry. These models are able to address and solve the most important problems of the particle physics and provide mechanisms for neutrino mass generation and their mixing parameters in agreement with the current experimental data. Their prediction could be experimentally tested in the near future by collider experiments.
Using analogies for introducing synchrotron light in high school
Authors: Acioly Vitor , Neto Telecio Barbosa , Santos Antonio Carlos Fontes dos
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to propose the use of analogies for teaching principles of synchrotron radiation for high-school students. Analogy is an important tool for teaching new abstract subjects based on familiar content. In this paper, we suggest the use of Teaching With Analogies Strategy (TWAS), which is an approach to overcome the didactic obstacles in introducing abstract physics content to students. The authors expect that this work may  contribute to the students' understanding of synchrotron radiation, reflecting  the needs and interests of secondary school teachers.
Optimization of web-based physics learning technology through on-demand microlearning video download facility in an internet accessibility variation case
Authors: Praherdhiono Henry , Prihatmoko Yulias
Published: September 2023

The research aims to see effectiveness through the perception of optimized physics learning web design through the development of on-demand microlearning video download facilities in diverse areas and access devices. Physics learning through web design, despite success in a variety of online learning methods, has major constraints on personalized learning. Individually, students have a variety of access devices and are in areas with a variable learning environment topology towards internet access. Agile development methods were developed to develop on-demand video download features on the physical learning web, and the development results were tested on MI-Ar Raudhah students based on characteristic compatibility. The development of the on-demand and simplified physical learning video download feature using microlearning is very effective for accessing students with varied Internet access devices and topologies.
Role of Cu/ZnO nanostructures doping on the optical behavior of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/graphene composites for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Althobaiti M. G. , Badawi Ali
Published: September 2023

The linear/nonlinear optical and dielectric performance of PVA/PVP/graphene composites were enhanced by doping with Cu/ZnO (ZCO) nanoparticles (NPs) for optoelectronic applications. Bare and ZCO polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs) blends were fabricated by the casting method. The structure of the synthesized ZCO NPs and ZCO PNCs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. The optical performance was characterized on the basis of UV-visible-NIR data. The XRD investigations revealed the wurtzite structure of the ZCO NPs with a crystallite size of 17.8 nm. The FT-IR investigations confirmed the integration of ZCO NPs with the host blend’s structure. The optical analysis exposed that the direct and indirect band gap of the host blend decreased from 5.20 eV and 4.94 eV to 4.36 eV and 4.29 eV for 10 wt% of ZCO PNCs. The Urbach energy rose from 0.62 eV to 1.28 eV for 10 wt% of ZCO PNCs. The refractive index grew from 1.29 (bare blend) to 1.82 for 10 wt% of ZCO PNC at hν= 2.0 eV. In addition, a great enhancement in the nonlinear optical constants was achieved via ZCO doping. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3), increased from 1.30 x 10-13 esu (bare) to 9.23 x 10-11 esu for 10 wt% of ZCO PNC at hν = 5.0 eV. We suggest these valuable achievements in the optical behavior of PVA/PVP/graphene blend by ZCO doping nominate it for applications in optical devices improvement.
The role of constitutively inactive isoforms of GrsA in regulating the initiation cascade of gramicidin synthesis
Authors: Roy Raktim , Wheatley Brittany , Novick Scott , Murray Daniel , Joseph Newlyn , Dodes-Traian Martin , Griffin Patrick
Published: September 2023

Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs) provide exciting targets for templated drug-design because of their assembly-line like mechanism of action. The non-catalytic conformations of the NRPS, GrsA, are proposed to regulate the activation cascade during the synthesis of the antibiotic peptide, Gramicidin. Previous studies hinted at the possibilities of additional, uncharacterized intermediates from the initiation cascade. Here, we redefined the mechanism of catalytic cycle and identified two new structural intermediates showing ‘near-thiolation’ events. The first structural intermediate formed without the need for dissociation of PPi. HDX-MS also revealed a ‘product-release’ intermediate attained solely from the intramolecular allosteric effects of substrate binding at the Adenylation domain. SAXS allowed us to determine the full-length envelope of GrsA for the first time and showed that its resting state is comprised of two inactive conformations. Calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations provided further evidence supporting a constitutively inactive regulatory framework opening a new paradigm of NRPS research.
Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of interdialytic fatigue and post-dialysis fatigue among maintenance hemodialysis patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dou jun-kai , Mei Yan , Yang Liang , Liu Huan , Li Li
Published: September 2023

Objective
Interdialytic Fatigue (IDF) and post-dialysis fatigue (PDF) were the most common complication among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. However, the differences between IDF and PDF in MHD patients have been reported little and their concepts were easy to be confused by some studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of fatigue and investigate the differences in the contributing factors between IDF and PDF in patients receiving MHD therapy.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 217 MHD patients, from a comprehensive hospital in China, were recruited and collected from January 2022 to June 2022. The Function assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) was adopted to measure IDF and PDF. Psychosocial factors included resilience, quality of sleep, and social support which were estimated by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), and Social Support Rate Scale(SSRS), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify influencing factors of IDF and PDF in patients on MHD therapy.
Results
The prevalence of IDF and PDF was 29.0% and 61.8%, respectively, and With 96.8% of MHD patients with IDF suffered from PDF. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent factors of fatigue were age(p < .001), resilience(p < .001), and sleep quality(p = .001) and age(p = .007), resilience(p < .001), and intradialytic hypotension (IDH) (p < .001) were contributing factors of PDF.
Conclusion
The prevalence of PDF was significantly higher than IDF among MHD patients. Age and resilience were common independent factors of fatigue and PDF.
Live imaging of the airway epithelium reveals that mucociliary clearance modulates SARS-CoV-2 spread
Authors: Hope Thomas , Becker Mark , Martin-Sancho Laura , Simons Lacy , McRaven Michael , Chanda Sumit , Hultquist Judd
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2 initiates infection in the conducting airways, which rely on mucocilliary clearance (MCC) to minimize pathogen penetration. However, it is unclear how MCC impacts SARS-CoV-2 spread after infection is established. To understand viral spread at this site, we performed live imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected differentiated primary human bronchial epithelium cultures for up to 9 days. Fluorescent markers for cilia and mucus allowed longitudinal monitoring of MCC, ciliary motion, and infection. The number of infected cells peaked at 4 days post-infection in characteristic foci that followed mucus movement. Inhibition of MCC using physical and genetic perturbations limited foci. Later in infection, MCC was diminished despite relatively subtle ciliary function defects. Resumption of MCC and infection spread after mucus removal suggests that mucus secretion mediates this effect. We show that MCC facilitates SARS-CoV-2 spread early in infection while later decreases in MCC inhibit spread, suggesting a complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and MCC.
A multi-center international study to evaluate the safety, functional and oncological outcomes of Irreversible Electroporation for the ablation of prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Kai , Stricker Phillip , Lohr Martin , Stehling Michael , Suberville Michel , Cussenot Olivier , Lunelli Luca , Ng Chi Fai , Teoh Jeremy , Laguna Pilar , Rosette Jean De La
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel technique to treat localized prostate cancer with the aim of achieving oncological control while reducing related side effects. We present the outcomes of localized prostate cancer treated with IRE from a multi-center prospective registry.METHODS Men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were recruited to receive IRE. All the patients underwent prostate biopsy at 1-year post-IRE ablation. The functional outcomes were measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaires. The safety of IRE was graded by the treatment-related adverse events (AEs) according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).RESULTS 411 patients were recruited in this study from July 2015 to April 2020. The median follow-up time was 24 months (IQR 15–36). 116 patients underwent repeat prostate biopsy during 12–18 months after IRE. Clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason ≥ 3 + 4) was detected in 24.1% (28/116) of the patients; any grade prostate cancers were found in 59.5% (69/116) of the patients. The IPSS score increased significantly from 7.1 to 8.2 (p = 0.015) at 3 months but decreased to 6.1 at 6 months (p = 0.017). Afterwards, the IPSS level remained stable during follow-up. The IIEF-5 score decreased at 3 months from 16.0 to 12.1 (p < 0.001) and then maintained equable afterwards. The rate of AEs was 1.8% at 3 months and then dropped to less than 1% at 6 months and remained stable until 48 months after IRE. Major AEs (Grade 3 or above) were rare.CONCLUSION For men with localized prostate cancer, IRE could achieve good urinary and sexual function outcomes and a reasonable oncological result. The real-world data are consistent with earlier studies, including recently published randomized controlled studies. The long-term oncological results need further investigation and follow-up.