bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Murderers of Kotys the Thracian
Authors: Zaccaria Pietro
Published: February 2019

In 360/359 BC, Kotys, king of the Odrysian Thracians, was killed by two brothers of Ainos. Confusion, however, soon arose around their identity. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the various traditions that spread in Antiquity about their identification. Demosthenes was the first to call the murderers Python and Herakleides of Ainos. His version of the facts was later followed by Philodemos, Plutarchos, and Philostratos. Aristoteles, however, called them Πύρρων (or Πάρρων) and Herakleides of Ainos. Diokles of Magnesia, probably following the same tradition as Aristoteles, confused Pyrrhon of Ainos with Pyrrhon of Elis. Similarly, Demetrios of Magnesia confused Herakleides of Ainos with Herakleides Pontikos. Finally, the figures of Kotys, Herakleides, and Python were perhaps reused by the author of the spurious Letters of Chion of Herakleia and recontextualized as symbols of the conflict between philosophy and tyranny.
Arrian’s Scythian Logos
Authors: Leon Daniel W.
Published: February 2019

Arrian is unique in presenting Alexander’s invasion of Scythia as a failure. He does so to highlight a change in Alexander’s behavior after he has successfully procured sovereignty over Persia and to announce the moral themes of the second half of the Anabasis. To accomplish this goal, Arrian establishes a close intertextual relationship with Herodotus, borrowing vocabulary and narrative techniques from the earlier historian in order to encourage a comparison between Alexander and a series of famous Persian despots. Arrian emphasizes Alexander’s transgression of natural boundaries and disregard for divine law, thereby entangling his narrative of Alexander’s campaigns with Herodotus’ portraits of Darius and Cyrus in particular. By aligning his subject matter with that of Herodotus, Arrian also claims a place in the historical tradition as a new Herodotus.
Women in Erpai: The Gap Between Rhetoric and Representation
Authors: Macdonald Alastair Ewan
Published: February 2019

The late Ming short story collections Pai’an jingqi and Erke pai’an jingqi (together known as Erpai), authored by Ling Mengchu (1580-1644), have been credited by a variety of scholars with expressing a relatively “progressive” attitude toward women. This assessment arises from a strong influence in the texts from the philosophies of the heterodox thinker Li Zhi (1527-1602), who argued the notion that women were not inherently less able than men. Scattered throughout the collections are discursive asides addressed at the audience, a number of which not only support this view, but also develop it to assert the legitimacy of female sexual desire, and argue that widowed women should not be derided for remarrying. However, the strong stance taken in these discursive asides is not always reflected in the representations of women in the narratives themselves. Instead, strong female characters are desexed, while many of the other female characters are represented either as paragons of conventional virtue or as alien threats to the male subject. The gulf between the two discourses so created in Erpai highlights the limited influence of rhetoric on representation, and thus on the ideological construction of “woman.”
Prostitution in a Small North China Town in the 1930s
Authors: Grove Linda
Published: February 2019

Almost all of the studies of prostitution in Republican era China have focused on big cities. Using recently rediscovered field notes from a social survey of the small town of Gaoyang in Hebei province, this article describes the practice of prostitution in the mid-1930s and considers how small-town prostitution differed from that in big cities. The women working in the sex trade in Gaoyang were all “clandestine” or unregistered prostitutes, who had been attracted to the town, which was the center of a major rural weaving district where there was a large number of unattached males who had migrated to the locale to work. Cautionary tales, popular in the local community, described the dangers of prostitution, including the spread of venereal diseases and the loss of job or reputation that resulted from spending too much time and money on the pleasures of the sex trade. County government approaches, including a “don’t ask, don’t look” policy, allowed the practice of prostitution to persist despite its illegal nature.
Capturing Cruelty
Authors: Grugan Shannon T.
Published: February 2019

The news media has long been identified as one of the primary sources for factual crime information for the general public, but not much is known about media coverage of cruelty against nonhuman animals, specifically. This study is a content analysis of media-presented themes in 240 print news articles that reported incidents of cruelty against companion animals in the United States in 2013. Seven thematic presentations of cruelty are identified and include: neutrality, condemnation, sympathy for the animal, drama, advocacy, humor, and sympathy for the offender. These themes are not mutually exclusive, with many articles including aspects of more than one theme. Themes are discussed in detail in regard to expanding the understanding of how specific forms of crime are presented by the news media based in news-making criminology.
Exit, Voice, and Denial
Authors: Darst Robert G. , Dawson Jane I.
Published: February 2019

Despite opposition from social movements, the animal agriculture industry has largely succeeded in averting serious challenges to its basic business practices. This outcome reflects not only the industry’s political and economic clout, but also divisions among the industry’s opponents and the difficulties that their proposed solutions pose for consumers. Albert Hirschman argues that those dissatisfied with a product or organization have three options: exit, voice, and loyalty. We argue that “voice,” the public expression of protest, has been fractured by disagreement over ultimate goals and the proper form of “exit”: substitution or abstention. Both forms of exit are difficult for the consumer. The default response is therefore “loyalty”: continued consumption. This loyalty is based not on ignorance or acceptance of the industry’s shortcomings, but on socially organized denial of the evidence and its implications. Our methodology is a “qualitative metasynthesis” of previous scholarly analyses of the primary social movements involved.
Did David Actually Conquer Jerusalem? The Blind, the Lame, and the Ṣinnôr
Authors: Grossman Jonathan
Published: February 2019

One of the most cryptic narratives in Samuel is the story of David’s conquest of the city of Jebus-Jerusalem. This paper proposes that David did not conquer the city through battle, but through the Jebusites’ peaceful surrender. This understanding illuminates the meaning of the obscure reference to “the blind and the lame,” as well as the word “ṣinnôr.”
A Subdued Demon in Exodus 15:7-8
Authors: Korpel M. C. A.
Published: February 2019

The Song of the Sea is long known to contain allusions to mythological motifs related to Canaanite religion that have been adapted to the faith of Israel. On the basis of a recent study of the Ugaritic texts KTU 1.107 and 1.100 it is shown that Exod 15:7-8 falls in this category of reinterpretation. It is proposed to render verse 7b ‘you sent your Ḥoron, he devoured them like stubble’. Suffixed personal pronouns with the names of deities are attested in Ugarit and ancient Hebrew inscriptions. However, in Exod 15 Ḥoron has been reduced to a redoutable assistant of God, an executioner called up to punish God’s opponents.
The Path Metaphor and the Construction of a Schicksalwirkende Tatsphäre in Proverbs 10:1-22:16
Authors: Millar Suzanna R.
Published: February 2019

Klaus Koch influentially argued that in Proverbs, the world is understood as a schicksalwirkende Tatsphäre—a sphere of activity effecting one’s fate. Act and consequence are intrinsically and organically bound together. Recent scholarship has cast doubt on these views. Some of Proverbs’ imagery, however, does seem to suggest such an act-consequence connection. The ‘path’, for example, is at once moral and salvific, or immoral and destructive. I suggest that through imagery of the path, the sage constructs a metaphorical schicksalwirkende Tatsphäre. It is not intended as an explanation of causality, but as a motivational model to affect the student’s behaviour.
The Reception of the Septuagint in the Peshitta of Isaiah
Authors: Bodor Attila
Published: February 2019

It is well known that the Old Testament Peshitta (P) shows several agreements with the Septuagint (LXX) against the Masoretic Text (MT). However, the relationship between these two ancient Bible translations has not yet been sufficiently clarified. There is a need to evaluate these LXX = P ≠ MT variants according to clear criteria, pointing out the nature of the LXX influence on the Syriac translators. The present study aims to contribute to meeting this need. The investigation focuses on the LXX and P parallels of the P version of Isaiah and seeks to set forth some criteria in order to assess them. It will be argued that the LXX variants in the P text of Isaiah may have emerged in three different ways: by means of the reception of the LXX text (literary dependency), the LXX interpretation, and the LXX theology.
An Unnoted Nuance in Genesis 2:21-22
Authors: Baden Joel
Published: February 2019

Rather than understanding the creation of woman in Gen 2:21-22 as an etiology of some physiological feature, this brief article suggests that the removal of part of Adam’s body to create Eve can instead be seen as parallel to a horticultural process, namely, the taking of cuttings.
Explicitness in New Testament Textual Criticism
Authors: Riley Paul C.J.
Published: February 2019

At least since the time of Westcott and Hort, the concept of explicitness has been used in the practice of New Testament textual criticism. However, until now, the concept has not been defined or tested. This article examines how explicitness has been understood and used by textual critics, and then outlines how linguistics can support the application of this concept in understanding textual transmission. It then tests the validity of the concept of explicitness for textual criticism in comparison to the results of applying traditional internal and external criteria. It also demonstrates the explanatory power of explicitness by evaluating select textual variants in the Gospel of John. It concludes that the use of explicitness for the evaluation of variants is linguistically coherent and text-critically valid and can assist in the identification of the most primitive reading.
Black Movement Formation: Race, Class, Gender, Capitalist Globalization, and White Nationalism Today
Authors: Brewer Rose
Published: February 2019

The arc of the Black Freedom struggle in the US signals the early twenty-first century as a period of high contention, resistance, and possibility. It is also rife with contradictions. The radicalism which informs Black liberation struggle today is complex, disparate, and signals the need to rearticulate social transformation given Black resistance in the era of new nationalism. The struggle is theorized in this analysis in the context of racial capitalism, changing organizational forms, state violence, and nonlinear, disparate contentions around the police. Understanding white supremacist nationalism in the US today is core to this discussion. Ultimately, Black lives in this new movement moment struggle for a broad and notable shift, which places gender, gender nonconforming, and sexuality at the center of the resistance and our understanding.
Race, Class, and Labor: White Skin Privilege and Oppression
Authors: Harris Jerry
Published: February 2019

This article examines the relationship of race and class using the lens of working-class experiences inside the US steel and auto industries. It focuses on the applicability of white skin privilege to the conditions of labor, and introduces the concept of comparative forms of oppression. Additionally, it considerations white skin privilege from the perspective of human rights, and ends with detailed statistical information and consideration of race and gender in relationship to various job categories.
The Global in the Life of a Small Town: the Case of Udine
Authors: Ganis Alberto
Published: February 2019

This exploratory study examines how inhabitants of the Italian town of Udine make sense of the global through their daily interactions with their city, and the preexisting discourses they use to talk about it. The respondents discuss the global, mainly borrowing from nationalistic discourses, which connect to two focal points that seem to lead the understanding of the global: difference in the culture, represented by the people and the food, and capitalism represented by the commercial centers. Ultimately, the research notes that the comprehension of globalization stems from the normality or exceptionality of the “other” in relation to its sociocultural and urban context.
Returning Marx to Kant?
Authors: Rothe Matthias
Published: February 2019

Christian Lotz’s book, The Capitalist Schema: Time, Money, and the Culture of Abstraction, seeks to reconcile Marx’s logic of conceptual determination with Kant’s logic of constitution. It is in this context that Lotz reconfigures Kant’s transcendental schema as money and understands money as an a priori determination that makes the world accessible and meaningful to individuals. Furthermore the book’s point of departure is Adorno’s Kant interpretation, and in foregrounding money Lotz also wishes to ‘reconnect Adorno’s Critical Theory to Marx’. The review engages with both endeavours, discusses the, so to speak, temporal impossibility of such a reconciliation project and revisits a previous attempt to bring Kant and Marx together: Alfred Sohn-Rethel’s theory of real abstraction.
Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities for IGO-like Entities
Authors: Lapaš Davorin
Published: February 2019

Contemporary international relations have resulted not only in the establishment of intergovernmental organizations (‘IGOs’), but also in the emergence of certain IGO-like entities which are entering into ‘diplomatic-like’ relations with states, characterised by privileges and immunities similar to those provided under classic diplomatic law. This paper analyses such diplomatic-like relations between states and a number of these IGO-like entities primarily in relation to so-called ‘trans-governmental organizations’ (‘TGOs)’. In addition, organizations composed of formally non-state entities, but with an undoubtedly public purpose, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (‘ICRC’) or the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (‘IFRC’), as well as other so-called ‘advanced’ non-governmental organizations (‘NGOs’), will also be discussed due to their participation in legally regulated international, diplomatic-like relations with states and IGOs.
‘Notoriously Religious’ or Secularising? Revival and Secularisation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Paas Stefan
Published: February 2019

In scholarly literature there is an ongoing debate about the definition and scope of secularisation. This article discusses the question of secularisation in Africa as a post-Christian phenomenon. Particularly, the role of recent Pentecostal revivalism in Sub-Saharan Africa is examined. After some clarification of terms and concepts, the historical relationship between (evangelical) revivalism and secularisation is presented. This template is then used to discuss recent potentially secularising trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. The article concludes with some comparisons and suggestions for further research.
‘A Fresh Pentecostal Engagement with the Sciences’ from French-speaking Africa
Authors: Bom Klaas
Published: February 2019

Although US Pentecostalism has traditionally been characterized by unease towards science, due to socio-economic positioning and theological stances, Pentecostals like James Smith and others have recently launched a ‘fresh engagement with the sciences’. The feasibility of his proposal is discussed in this article. Based on the contributions of four Pentecostal participants in the research project “Science and Religion in French-speaking Africa,” the author argues that their perspectives are not coloured by naturalism, which according to Smith is one of the main limiting factors to traditional US Pentecostal engagement with science. Consequently certain expressions of African Pentecostalism would be open to Smith’s proposal. Nevertheless, the author argues that both the African and the US cultural contexts need to be taken into account more seriously. Such an approach reveals that in both contexts the possibilities for a fresh Pentecostal engagement with the sciences are more limited than Smith suggests.
Intellectual Composition of Arbitral Tribunals According to the New Saudi Arbitration Law
Authors: Seyadi Reyadh Mohamed
Published: February 2019

One significant feature of arbitration that distinguishes it from litigation in national courts, is the parties’ freedom to select the arbitrator or members of the arbitral tribunal familiar with the kind of dispute that might arise or already has arisen. In 2012, a new arbitration law was issued in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) inspired by the texts of the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. In all its provisions it included the requirement not to violate Sharīʿah law (Islamic legal tradition). However, according to this law, the sole arbitrator or presiding arbitrator must hold a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) or Sharīʿah law degree. This provision is mandatory, and the parties cannot agree otherwise. This article seeks to provide some thoughts on this restriction through an analysis of arbitrator qualifications under Sharīʿah law in order to provide a better understanding of the position adopted by the KSA Arbitration Law.
Pathways to Justice for ‘Atrocity Crimes’ in Myanmar: Is There Political Will?
Authors: Khan Mohammad Zahidul Islam
Published: February 2019

What instruments and mechanisms are available to harness the ‘political will’ to pursue justice for the allegations of ‘atrocity crime’ in Rakhine, Myanmar? Analysing country’s ratification trend, declarations upon ratification on relevant global instruments, and interactions with the un on human rights issues, this paper reveals the ‘mind’ of Myanmar and its obligations. Exploring the mechanism of four International Crime Tribunals (icts), it outlines the pathways to pursue justice. Revealing the inadequacies of current actions by key state actors resulting in invidious outcomes that privilege impunity for atrocity crimes, the paper suggests ways to harness the political will to pursue justice. This paper contends that the establishment of an ict for the trial of atrocity crimes in Rakhine (ictm-R) would be best facilitated by: a consensus mandate to prosecute individuals and not the state; precisely defined jurisdiction; and provisions to integrate the host nation’s apparatus, buttressed by the advocacy of the right groups and media.
Reassessment of the moth genus Bacotoma, with a new species from Hainan Island (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae)
Authors: Yang Zhaofu , Ullah Misbah , Landry Jean-François , Miller Scott E. , Rosati Margaret E. , Zhang Yalin
Published: February 2019

Bacotoma Moore, 1885 is reviewed including the description of a new species from Hainan Island, B. hainanensis
sp. nov., based on an analysis that combined morphology and mitochondrial DNA. The following taxonomic changes are proposed: Platamonina
Shaffer & Munroe, 2007, syn. nov. is synonymized with Bacotoma and ten species are included: B. ampliatalis (Lederer, 1863) comb. nov., B. binotalis (Warren, 1896) comb. nov., B. camillusalis (Walker, 1859), B. cuprealis (Moore, 1877) comb. nov., B. hainanensis
sp. nov., B. illatalis (Walker, 1866), B. oggalis (Swinhoe, 1906) comb. nov., B. poecilura (Hering, 1903) comb. nov., B. ptochura (Meyrick, 1894) comb. nov., and B. violata (Fabricius, 1787). Syngamia albiceps
Hampson, 1912
syn. nov. is confirmed to be a synonym of Bacotoma binotalis, and Platamonia medinalis Snellen, 1900 syn. nov. is synonymized with Bacotoma illatalis. A key to species examined is also provided based on external morphology and male genitalia.
What speakers know—or don’t know—about history and about typology
Authors: Joseph Brian D.
Published: February 2019

I explore here how aware speakers are of the history of their language as they use it and how aware of typology they are. I advocate for a speaker-oriented viewpoint and argue ultimately that speakers know little to nothing about language history and less about typology, and yet they behave in ways that essentially create typology and history. I offer a number of examples, mainly from Sanskrit and Greek, covering sound change and grammatical change and discuss issues regarding naturalness, gradualness, and social indexing.
Modeling change in contact settings
Authors: Chirkova Katia , Gong Tao
Published: February 2019

Convergence is an oft-used notion in contact linguistics and historical linguistics. Yet it is problematic as an explanatory account for the changes it represents. In this study, we model one specific case of convergence (Duoxu, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language with 9 remaining speakers) to contribute to a more systematic understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The goals are (1) to address the role of some linguistic and social factors assumed to have an effect on the process of convergence, and (2) to test the following explanations of empirical observations related to phonological convergence: (a) the loss of phonological segments in a language that has undergone convergence is correlated with the relative frequency and markedness of these segments in the combined bilingual repertoire, and (b) widespread bilingualism is a prerequisite for convergence. The results of our agent-based simulation affirm the importance of frequency and markedness of phonological segments in the process of convergence. At the same time, they suggest that the explanation related to widespread bilingualism may not be valid. Our study suggests computer simulations as a promising tool for investigation of complex cases of language change in contact settings.
Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān’s Parable of the Two Generous Men in Avicenna’s Decree and Determination (R. fī l-Qaḍāʾ wa-l-qadar)
Authors: Dubé Jonathan
Published: February 2019

This article explores Avicenna’s conception of divine providence in the light of his allegorical work Decree and Determination (R. fī l-Qaḍāʾ wa-l-qadar), wherein the philosopher stages interactions between the rational soul, the animal soul, and the Active Intelligence. Centering on the parable of the two generous men told in Decree and Determination by the legendary sage Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, this analysis draws parallels from numerous works of Avicenna—notably his other allegorical work, Alive, Son of Awake (R. Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān)—so as to bring into focus lesser-known facets of his philosophical worldview.
Avicenna’s Theodicy and al-Rāzī’s Anti-Theodicy
Authors: Shihadeh Ayman
Published: February 2019

Avicenna’s Neoplatonic account of divine providence and theodicy was hugely influential on later philosophical and religious thought in the Islamic world. However, it was severely criticised by one of his earlier commentators, the theologian-philosopher Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210). While Avicenna champions an optimist theodicean thesis of a plenitude of good to support the theory of providence integrated into his cosmogony, his commentator counters by arguing for a plenitude of evil and an overall pessimist anti-theodicy. Rejecting Avicenna’s ontological-cum-cosmological account of evil, al-Rāzī argues that a theodicy must be strictly subject-centred and is ultimately a futile exercise. This article includes a study and translation of the relevant section in his commentary on Avicenna’s al-Išārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt (Pointers and Reminders).
The Role of Context and Attention on the Effect of Numerical Digit Value on Time Estimation
Authors: Pichelmann Stefan , Rammsayer Thomas H.
Published: February 2019

The effect of task-irrelevant numerical values on perceived duration is well established. More precisely, higher numerical values (e.g., ‘9’) correspond to longer estimated durations than lower numerical values (e.g., ‘1’). So far, sparse evidence for two moderators, physical context and stimulus salience, has been provided. The contextual effect refers to an increased difference between estimated durations for low and high numerical values when Arabic digits are presented simultaneously with large physical quantities (e.g., ‘kg’), instead of small physical quantities (e.g., ‘g’). Similarly, the salience effect refers to the observation that differences in time estimations increase when attention is directed to numerical values’ magnitude. Using a time reproduction paradigm, we conducted four experiments to further investigate these two moderators and their possible interaction. In Experiments 1a and 1b, target intervals differed in duration (800, 1000, 1200 ms), numerical value (1, 2, 8, 9), and physical quantity (mg, kg, without). Experiments 2 and 3 additionally included the manipulation of the attentional focus (numerical value or physical quantity) and further quantities (cm, km). Our results supported the positive effect of numerical values on reproduced durations. This was also true for the moderating effect of stimulus salience, which was always significant. In contrast, no evidence for a contextual effect was observed even when participants’ attention was directed on the difference in physical quantity. In conclusion, our data challenge the existence of a moderating contextual effect, while supporting the moderating effect of stimulus salience.
Adaptive variation in vegetative, reproductive and chemical traits of the Mediterranean Silybum marianum L., under desert-adjacent conditions
Authors: Vaknin Yiftach , Mogilevski Irina
Published: February 2019

Adaptive variation of plant species is best evaluated under environmental gradients. Silybum marianum is a native to the Mediterranean basin, distributed continuously along an aridity gradient from northern Israel to the edge of the Negev desert. To elucidate the adaptive significance of traits associated with proximity to the desert and with increasing levels of aridity, we compared northern populations from the mesic Mediterranean end of the aridity gradient with southern, adjacent to the Negev desert populations, from the arid end. The F1 self-progeny of all populations were evaluated under open field conditions. Plants originated from southern populations grew taller and narrower, completed their life cycle earlier, and produced more abundant, smaller achenes, with a higher content of polyphenols, which grew into smaller seedlings. Correlative analysis revealed a latitudinal cline towards the desert, of a longer life cycle, and fewer, heavier, better germinating achenes, which grew into larger seedlings. We concluded that the proximity to the desert was reflected in the appearance of genotypes with improved chances of survival under arid conditions and with higher contents of polyphenols.
West German-Moroccan Relations and Politics of Labour Migration, 1958–1972
Authors: Lehman Brittany
Published: February 2019

In 1962, the Federal Republic of Germany (frg) agreed to negotiate a guestworker agreement with Morocco in order to create guidelines for handling 4,000 so-called illegal Moroccan migrants, most of whom lived in North Rhine-Westphalia. Unlike other guestworker agreements, this one was not about recruitment, but rather it was designed to restrict migration from Morocco, legalise the stay of Moroccans already in the country, and establish guidelines for future deportations. Looking at the history of the West German-Moroccan Agreement from its start until its termination in 1973, this article provides a discussion of Moroccan labourers access to and legal status in West Germany, demonstrating how international and economic interests as well as cultural stereotypes of both Moroccans and Arabs shaped West German migration policies. In so doing, the article emphasises the West German federal and the North Rhine-Westphalian state governments’ different goals, revealing that the West German government was not a monolithic entity; it was in fact defined by multiple, sometimes contradictory, viewpoints and pressures.
The Hidden Player on the Instrument of Reason
Authors: Griffioen Sander
Published: February 2019

This essay focuses on the simile of the hidden player on the instrument of reason (and variant versions) which occurs at least ten times in the works of Herman Dooyeweerd. Invariably, the context is his critique of the (alleged) autonomy of thought. The purpose of the simile seems clear: pointing at the person of the thinker behind the veil of reason in order to dispel the myth of religious neutrality. Although this is indeed the accepted view among interpreters, it is argued that it fails to do justice to Dooyeweerd’s emphasis on participation. The player, the instrument, and the central motif of the music are insolubly interconnected. In the second half of the paper, the idea of participation is highlighted as a counterpoise against both the alleged autonomy of thought and a penchant for personalism among Reformational philosophers.
Jean des Murs’s Quadrivial Pursuits: Introduction
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E. , Desmond Karen , Husson Matthieu
Published: February 2019

This is article serves as the introduction to a special issue on the intellectual activities of Jean des Murs, a mathematician, astronomer-astrologer, and music theorist active in France in the first half of the fourteenth century.
Between Intellectus, Visus and Auditus: Jean des Murs’s Musica Speculativa, Version A (1323)
Authors: Witkowska-Zaremba Elżbieta
Published: February 2019

The title of this paper draws attention to the description of the diagrams given by Jean des Murs in his Musica speculativa (Version A). He defines them as ‘sensible figures’ very much appreciated by mathematicians, because the truth which is in the intellect is, thanks to them, properly transmitted to the judgment of sight and hearing. This description refers the reader to three other questions that are crucial for understanding the treatise. These are: the place of music among the mathematical disciplines; the epistemological/cognitive process leading from intellect to sight, and then to hearing; and, finally, the structure of the treatise Musica speculativa as a reflection of the epistemological process leading from the numerical paradigm of the Pythagorean system to the actual sounds discernible by hearing. This study discusses the role of diagrams contained in the Musica speculativa, which are not so much memory aids (as is the case, for instance, with the manus Guidonis), but rather analytical tools and visual representations of mathematical theorems and operations, which constitute an integral part of the texts and give insight into the structure of the transmitted doctrine.
Identities as an Everyday Life Strategy: A Case Study of Vietnamese Marriage Immigrant Women in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Annie Yuan Cih
Published: February 2019

This paper discusses the identity complex of Vietnamese marriage immigrants in Taiwan through aspects of everyday life such as food preference and cooking, vehicle ownership and access, leisure, and religious belief. These are in parallel with acculturation, cultural hegemony, spatial and social mobility, social network-building, social capital accumulation, and the strategy of resistance to the stigmatisation of prearranged remittances. This article also analyses identities as pragmatic strategies for Vietnamese wives to demonstrate their agency, and negotiate and bargain their social places within the Chinese-dominated cultural sphere through conforming to mainstream ideologies and acquiring social capital in the local community. The relationship between happiness and identities construction is examined, too. The methodology is based upon in-depth interviews and participant observations undertaken during ethnographic fieldwork in Taiwan.
Imperial Cult
Authors: McIntyre Gwynaeth
Published: February 2019

As political power in Rome became centered on the emperor and his family, a system of honors and titles developed as one way to negotiate this new power dynamic. Classified under the collective heading ‘imperial cult’, this system of worship comprises religious rituals as well as political, economic, and social aspects. This article surveys the range of ancient literary sources and modern scholarly debates on how individuals became gods in the Roman world. The case studies illustrate how cult practices, temples, and priesthoods were established, highlighting the careful negotiation required between the emperor, imperial family, Senate, and populace in order to make mortals into gods.
The Organs Watch Files: a Brief History
Authors: Scheper-Hughes Nancy
Published: February 2019

My article begins with a brief history of the Organs Watch project, its anthropological, ethnographic, and public engagements as an example of what Pierre Bourdieu called “scholarship with commitment.” I explain the heterodox methods required including undercover research and criminological studies into the grey zones of organized organ transplant trafficking. How do our normative obligations to our research informants differ when our informants happen to be criminals? When crimes are being committed, to whom does one owe their divided loyalties? Finally, I address the role of medical anthropologists and other committed social scientists in making public a hitherto invisible issue.
Precarity, Indigeneity and the Market in Māori Fisheries
Authors: McCormack Fiona
Published: February 2019

This paper contributes to debates on growing inequalities in the maritime domain by using the concept of precarity to interrogate the market in Māori fisheries. To understand the particularities of this ocean precarity, I draw attention to the interrelated dynamics of dispossession, as it occurred historically in Māori fisheries through various economic orders, and indigeneity, as it articulates with both alienation and the reclamation of fishing rights. I argue that the incorporation of Māori fisheries into an Individual Transferable Quota system has generated a “political ecology of the precarious,” positioning socio-natures as working against ecological demise at the same time as contributing to it. This transforms the ancestral guardianship relationship between people and their sea, exacerbates colonially-created dispossessions and hardens divisions between economic and cultural spheres, or commercial and customary fisheries. However, precarious conditions may also be conceived of as mobilising phenomena, giving rise to attempts to breach these divides.
Neoastrosphaeriella aquatica sp. nov. (Aigialaceae), a new species from freshwater habitat in southern Thailand
Authors: BAO DAN-FENG , LUO ZONG-LONG , JEEWON RAJESH , NALUMPANG SARUNYAV , SU HONG-YAN , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: February 2019

Neoastrosphaeriella aquatica (Aigialaceae, Dothideomycetes) is a new species isolated from submerged wood in freshwater habitats in southern Thailand. The species is characterized by black, carbonaceous, semi-immersed ascomata, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate or obclavate, short pedicellate asci and fusiform, hyaline to grayish brown, ascospores tapering to pointed apices, and surrounded by thin, distinct sheaths. Neoastrosphaeriella aquatica can be distinguished from other species of Neoastrosphaeriella by its large, hyaline to grayish brown, guttulate ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined sequence dataset of the ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF1-α indicates that it is closely related to N. krabiensis and N. sribooniensis, but N. aquatica has sufficient nucleotide differences to be recognized as a new species.
Notes on the genus Petroplacus (Bacillariophyceae) with new nomenclature transfer
Authors: VISHNYAKOV VASILY S.
Published: February 2019

This paper addresses the taxonomy and biogeography of the recently described diatom genus Petroplacus Pomazkina, Rodionova, Sherbakova & D.M. Williams and relates new information regarding the occurrence of Navicula platystoma var. pantocsekii Wislouch & Kolbe in deep-water benthos of the Rybinsk reservoir, the Upper Volga Region. The variety clearly differs from already established Petroplacus species in valve shape, thus it was transferred to this genus at the specific rank, Petroplacus pantocsekii comb. & stat. nov.
Morphological and molecular diversity of rissoellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from the Northwest Pacific island of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: SIADÉN LUIS E. CHIRA , WAKEMAN KEVIN C. , WEBB STEPHEN C. , HASEGAWA KAZUNORI , KAJIHARA HIROSHI
Published: February 2019

This study deals with four species of marine microgastropods of the family Rissoellidae. Rissoella elatior (Golikov, Gulbin & Sirenko, 1987), R. golikovi (Gulbin, 1979), R. japonica n. sp., and Rissoella sp. 1 were collected in different locations around the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the general morphology of the shell and radula, and a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified for 26 specimens. Rissoella elatior is morphologically characterized by a highly asymmetrical radula with a deep notch encircled by 10–13 minute secondary cusps on the left dorsal margin of the central tooth. Rissoella golikovi is characterized by a skeneiform shell and possession of three teeth per row on the radula. Rissoella japonica n. sp. shows five teeth per row on the radula; central tooth higher than wide; lateral and marginal teeth narrow with an outer lateral projection at the base; all teeth presenting numerous small cusps on the cutting edge. Rissoella sp. 1 is distinguished from R. japonica n. sp. in having i) very short oral lobes, ii) a mantle with a large, black patch and whitish blotches inside, and iii) different color patterns associated with the visceral mass. Although Rissoella sp. 1 probably represents an undescribed species, additional specimens are needed to complete its description. This study represents a first molecular approach to the family Rissoellidae. Studies of traditional morphological characters indicated four species, the addition of COI data raised the count to eight potential species, suggesting the occurrence of cryptic species among rissoellids.
Coeliccia lecongcoi sp. nov., a new damselfly from the Central Highlands of Vietnam (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)
Authors: PHAN QUOC TOAN
Published: February 2019

Coeliccia lecongcoi sp. nov. (holotype ♂, 15.147 N, 107.752 E, Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Kon Tum Province, the Vietnamese Central Highlands) is described and illustrated from both sexes. The new species is allied to Coeliccia duytan Phan, 2017 and Coeliccia hayashii Phan & Kompier, 2016 but differs by the synthoracic pattern and structure of the appendages and genital ligula of the male and the posterior pronotal lobe of the prothorax of the female.
A new species of Rhinoleucophenga (Diptera: Drosophilidae), parasite of the scale insect pest Praelongorthezia praelonga (Sternorrhyncha: Ortheziidae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: DA SILVA CARVALHO-FILHO FERNANDO , DUARTE LUCAS BAPTISTA , GOTTSCHALK MARCO SILVA
Published: February 2019

A new species of Rhinoleucophenga Hendel from the Brazilian Amazon, R. hesperides sp. nov., was described based on morphology of male and female specimens. The larvae are predators of the eggs and adult females of ensign scales Praelongorthezia praelonga (Douglas) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Ortheziidae). Female P. praelonga also serve as a source of honeydew for adult R. hesperides sp. nov. In addition, the puparium of this species was described.
Winter Upper-Ocean Stability and Ice–Ocean Feedbacks in the Sea Ice–Covered Southern Ocean
Authors: Wilson Earle A. , Riser Stephen C. , Campbell Ethan C. , Wong Annie P. S.
Published: February 2019

In this study, under-ice ocean data from profiling floats, instrumented seals, and shipboard casts are used to assess wintertime upper-ocean stability and heat availability in the sea ice–covered Southern Ocean. This analysis reveals that the southern Weddell Sea, which features a weak upper-ocean stratification and relatively strong thermocline, is preconditioned for exceptionally high rates of winter ventilation. This preconditioning also facilitates a strong negative feedback to winter ice growth. Idealized experiments with a 1D ice–ocean model show that the entrainment of heat into the mixed layer of this region can maintain a near-constant ice thickness over much of winter. However, this quasi-equilibrium is attained when the pycnocline is thin and supports a large temperature gradient. We find that the surface stress imparted by a powerful storm may upset this balance and lead to substantial ice melt. This response can be greatly amplified when coincident with anomalous thermocline shoaling. In more strongly stratified regions, such as near the sea ice edge of the major gyres, winter ice growth is weakly limited by the entrainment of heat into the mixed layer. Thus, the thermodynamic coupling between winter sea ice growth and ocean ventilation has significant regional variability. This regionality will influence the response of the Southern Ocean ice–ocean system to future changes in ocean stratification and surface forcing.
The double nature of ‘source criticism’: Between philology and intertextuality
Authors: Munari Alessandra
Published: February 2019

This article analyzes so-called ‘source criticism’, and it observes how this discipline historically and conceptually developed into the theory of intertextuality. This research traces the steps of source criticism from the end of the 19th century and through the 20th century, paying special attention to Italian literature; it deals with texts by critics Pio Rajna, Renato Serra, Ernst Robert Curtius, Gian Biagio Conte, Ezio Raimondi and Giuseppe Velli.
Parental migraine in relation to migraine in offspring: Family linkage analyses from the HUNT Study
Authors: Børte Sigrid , Zwart John-Anker , Stensland Synne Øien , Hagen Knut , Winsvold Bendik S
Published: February 2019

Background

Migraine is known to run in families. While some clinical studies have indicated that migraine is disproportionally transmitted through the maternal line, this has not been examined in a population-based setting.

Methods

We utilized a large, population-based cohort study from Norway, the HUNT Study. Using a cross-sectional design, our sample consisted of 13,731 parents and 8970 offspring. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for active migraine and non-migrainous headache in offspring, given active maternal or paternal headache.

Results

There was a significant association between maternal migraine and offspring migraine (odds ratio 2.76, 95% confidence interval 2.18–3.51). A weaker association ( p = 0.004 for comparison with maternal migraine) was found between paternal migraine and offspring migraine (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.33–2.28). For non-migrainous headache, there was a significant association between mothers and offspring (odds ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.43), but not between fathers and offspring.

Conclusions

Parental migraine is associated with offspring migraine, with a stronger association for maternal migraine. This may indicate maternal-specific transmission.
Representing Accessibility: Evidence from Vehicle Ownership Choices and Property Valuations in Singapore
Authors: He He , Ponce-Lopez Roberto , Shaw Jingsi , Le Diem-Trinh , Ferreira Joseph , Zegras P. Christopher
Published: February 2019

This paper compares the relative performance of different measures of accessibility in relevant models. Specifically, the authors formulated three measures of accessibility: gravity-based accessibility, an aggregate measure of potential; trip-based accessibility, a disaggregate, utility-based measure of the value of travel alternatives; and activity-based accessibility, a theoretically richer disaggregate, utility-based measure of the value of alternative activities (including travel). These accessibility measures were used as explanatory variables in household vehicle ownership models and real estate market price models, comparing the explanatory power of each accessibility measure in each model as expressed by the confidence in the coefficient estimates and captured by the models’ goodness-of-fit statistics. It was found that trip-based accessibility best represents preferences for accessibility in both vehicle ownership decisions and property valuations. This supports the theoretical value of disaggregate, utility-based accessibility measures over aggregate, potential-based measures. The fact that trip-based measures perform better than activity-based accessibility measures underscores several empirical and technical limitations. Finally, the authors noted that accurately representing accessibility preferences requires congruence between the granularity of the accessibility measure and that of the explained behavior. This emphasizes the importance of understanding what accessibility measures actually capture and ensuring that they align with the analysis purpose.
Development and Demonstration of Hot Mix Asphalt Design Guidance for Mix Performance-Related Specifications
Authors: Wu Rongzong , Harvey John , Buscheck Jeffery , Mateos Angel
Published: February 2019

As they adopt mechanistic-empirical (ME) methods for flexible pavement design, road agencies are starting to incorporate performance-related specifications (PRS) for hot mix asphalt materials to assure that the as-built materials meet the performance requirements assumed in the pavement structural design. PRS pose new challenges for materials producers and contractors who have never had to relate volumetric mix design parameters to performance requirements such as fatigue life and rutting resistance. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of guidance for materials producers and contractors to support their decision making with regard to changes to mix designs to meet PRS requirements. The guidance was first developed based on known experience. To validate the guidance and demonstrate its usage, a production mix meeting Superpave volumetric requirements for California state highways was selected as the starting point for a set of adjustments applied to the mix. The effects of each adjustment were evaluated by conducting laboratory tests to determine mechanistic performance parameters used in structural design. The mechanistic performance parameters evaluated in this study include stiffness, fatigue resistance, and rutting resistance. The initial experience-based mix design guidance was found to be generally consistent with the laboratory test results for the example mix, albeit with some minor exceptions. The mix design guidance was then revised based on findings from this study. It is recommended that the revised guidance be used as non-mandatory advisory information for projects with PRS and that it be further improved with more results.