bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Quality of Bali Bull Sexed Sperm Using Soybean Extract Extender
Authors: Nur Nur Eni , Toleng Abdul Latief , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The process of sexing spermatozoa requires a medium that is able to protect and provide an optimal environment. One of them is extender media that is used to extend the volume of semen. The extender that is commonly used is commercially but some limitation such as price and availability. Therefore, it is necessary to have an alternative extender such as soybean. The aim of this study was to know the quality of sexed sperms diluted using soybean extender. Semen of Bali bull was collected for five times and then subjected to three different extender treatments after sexing; T1 (Soybean), T2 (Tris), T3 (Tris-soybean), and T0 (Fresh semen-tris) was used as control before sexing. The parameters observed were the quality of fresh semen and after sexing. The results of the study showed that the characteristic of Bali bull fresh semen macroscopically in this study was 4.75 mL in volume, cream color, distinctive odor, pH 6.6, moderate consistency, and microscopically motility, viability, abnormality, and concentration were 94.22%, 96.06% 4.89, and 1596×106, respectively. Motility and viability after sexing were significantly (P<0.05) decrease in comparison to the fresh semen (T0) at each treatment both top and bottom layers. In conclusion, the smallest decreased of the sperms motility and viability were still greater than 50%. Different extenders as one of the treatments in the present study did not showing different motility and viability of the sperms. This suggests that the use of tris and soybean or their combination can be used as semen extender for Bali bull sexed semen.
Keywords: Soy extender, Bali bull, sexing, motility, viability.
Analysis of Household Consumer Preferences Based on Horse Meat Attributes in Determining Purchases at Traditional Markets in Jeneponto Regency
Authors: Nursamsi Nursamsi , Siregar Ahmad Ramadhan , Munir Abdul Razak
Published: August 2022

Jeneponto Regency is one of the largest horse sales centers in South Sulawesi. Horse has considerable potential as a source of meat for food. Horse meat can be obtained from traders in traditional markets at a price of around IDR 150.000/kg. The preference of horse meat consumers is a person's choice of likes or dislikes towards the choice of horse meat products consumed. Consumers pay attention on various kinds of attributes attached to horse meat that are used as considerations in making purchasing decision. This study aimed to analyze consumer preferences for horse meat and the effect of consumer preferences for horse meat at Traditional Markets in Jeneponto Regency on consumer decisions. This research was carried out at traditional markets in Jeneponto Regency, namely Tolo Market and Karisa Market in December 2021. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach. The focus of this study was to reveal household consumer preferences based on horse meat attributes with a sample of 168 household consumer respondents, consisting of 100 respondents analyzed by using Cochran Q-Test analysis and 68 respondents analyzed by using regression analysis. The results indicated that there were five attributes that were most preferred by consumers, namely X1 (red liver, high fat content, lower part, cheap), X2 (brownish red, low fat content, upper part, standard), X3 (brownish red, high fat content, upper part, cheap), X4 (brownish red, no fat, lower part, standard), and X5 (liver red, no fat, lower part, standard) and the influence of consumer preferences in this case the 5 attributes that have been combined on the purchasing decisions had a significant and positive effect of 73.8%, the value of Sig. F is 0.000 so that it is less than alpha 0.05, and the t-count value of X1 (8.446), X2 (4.865), X3 (5.468), X4 (7.774), X5 (8.741) is greater than the t table value of 1.667.
Keywords: Horse meat, consumer preferences, attributes.
Studi Perbandingan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan The Power of Two
Authors: Muthia Anisyah Isni
Published: August 2022

This study aims to find out the differences in the learning achievements of students who are taught using the Discovery Learning learning model with students who are taught using the Power of Two learning model. This type of research is Quasi Eksperiment. Sampling techniques use Probability Sampling by means of Cluster Random Sampling so that class VIII B is obtained as a Discovery Learning class and class VIII C as the Power of two class. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of obervasi and write tests. The data was analyzed using a normality test, a homogeneity test and an independent sample t test. From the results of the study obtained (i) The average cognitive learning outcome (post-test) of class VIII B students with discovery learning model of 79.22 and the average cognitive learning results (post-test) of class VIII C students with the learning model of the Power of Two of 79.11. (ii) there is no significant difference between a student's mathematical learning achievement after being taught using the Dicovery Learning model and the Power of Two.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X MELALUI KOMIKA PADA MATERI BENTUK ALJABAR DI SMA NEGERI 1 SINTANG
Authors: Hidayat Marli , Rismawati Melinda
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berbasis komik pada materi bentuk aljabar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan prosedur pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis komik pada materi bentuk aljabar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa. 2) Meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa setelah penggunaan bahan ajar berbasis komik. 3) Mengetahui tanggapan siswa dan guru terhadap penggunaan media bahan ajar berbasis komik pada materi bentuk aljabar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah R&D. Tempat penelitian di SMAN I Sintang. Penilaian kemampuan literasi matematika siswa kelas X IPS 1 SMAN 1 Sintang tergolong tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 71,08% pada level kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan penalaran matematis. Sedangkan tanggapan guru berdasarkan analisis angket respon guru terdapat nilai rata-rata 75% dengan kriteria interpretasi, Dan tanggapan siswa berdasarkan hasil analisis angket respon siswa terdapat nilai rata-rata 79,75% dengan kriteria interpretasi. Sehingga dapat disimpulakan pengembangan media pembelajaran yang dilakukan dinyatakan layak, menarik dan efektif digunakan dalam pemebelajaran.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 21 Mataram Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022
Authors: Nufus Nurhadiatun
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model on the mathematical communication skills of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 21 Mataram in the 2021/2022 academic year. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with a posttest only nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were all grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 21 Mataram in the academic year 2021/2022. The samples in this study were grade VIII A and VIII B students who were taken using a cluster random sampling technique. Class VIII A as the experimental class by applying the Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning model while class VIII B as the control class by applying the direct learning model. The instrument used in this study was an observation sheet to see the implementation of the learning model used and a test question in the form of a description of 3 questions to see students' mathematical communication skills. The data analysis technique used is t-test. Based on the results of data analysis, the value of tcount> ttable so that the average post-test results of the experimental class students' mathematical communication skills were better than the average post-test results of the control class's mathematical communication skills, this means that h0 where there is an effect of implementing the cooperative learning model type Think Pair Share on the mathematical communication skills of class VIII SMP Negeri 21 Mataram in the academic year 2021/2022.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL
Authors: Mizardi Alvro , Rismawati Melinda , Pranando R Andy
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the ability of the students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Tebelian for the academic year 2021/2022, the research subjects were 16 students of class X IPA1 semester 2. The data collected was in the form of data on students' ability tests in mathematical communication in solving problems. or solve problems presented in the form of stories by communicating everyday language into mathematical language. The test questions used to measure students' mathematical communication skills consist of 4 essay questions on a two-variable system of linear equations. The test results were then analyzed based on indicators of mathematical communication skills. The results of this study can provide information to teachers about students' mathematical communication skills so that teachers are expected to be able to design learning activities that can improve students' mathematical communication skills.
Early Paleozoic Continental Arc Mafic Magmatism in the North Qaidam Tectonic Belt: Implications for Subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Oceanic Lithosphere
Authors: Li Xiucai , Niu Manlan , Yan Zhen , Yakymchuk Chris , Fu Changlei , Li Chen , Sun Yi , Wu Qi , He Jiahao
Published: August 2022

The North Qaidam tectonic belt is characterized by the development of high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure eclogite formed during deep subduction of the continental lithosphere. However, the tectonic processes that occurred prior to continental collision/subduction are relatively poorly studied and this leads to controversy over the evolutionary history of the North Qaidam tectonic belt. In this contribution, we present an integrated study of field observations, petrography, geochronology, and geochemistry (whole-rock major elements, trace elements, and Sr–Nd isotopes as well as zircon Lu–Hf isotopes) of continental arc mafic rocks in the North Wulan metamorphic complex to track Proto-Tethyan oceanic subduction and the nature of metasomatism of the mantle wedge. Zircon U–Pb geochronology demonstrates that continental arc mafic rocks crystallized at ca. 483–472 Ma. Mafic intrusions are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements but are depleted in high field strength elements; these are typical features of arc-related magmatic rocks. They have relatively radiogenic Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions, with relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.710363 to 0.719404, low εNdt values of -7.77 to -2.30, variable zircon εHft values ranging from -8 to +2.8, and the single-stage Hf model ages of ca. 1.4–1.0 Ga. These features suggest that the mafic intrusions were sourced from ancient subcontinental mantle that was modified by subducted oceanic slab-derived components. The modified mantle source was generated by the interaction between subcontinental lithospheric mantle peridotite in the overlying mantle wedge and hydrous fluid and felsic melt that were derived from a subducted oceanic slab and seafloor sediments with ancient terrestrial origin in the rutile stability field. Crust-mantle interaction transferred the subducted crustal geochemical signatures to the mantle source during subduction of the Proto-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Retreat and rollback of the Proto-Tethyan oceanic slab triggered asthenosphere upwelling and the partial melting of metasomatized and enriched fertile lithospheric mantle to form continental arc mafic magmas in the North Qaidam tectonic belt. Combined with the coeval LP-HT metamorphism, the North Wulan metamorphic complex records the early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of a continental arc-back-arc system, and these continental arc mafic rocks record the subduction of the Proto-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.
Effects of oil exploration on surface water quality – a review
Authors: Lusweti Elizabeth , Kanda Edwin Kimutai , Obando Joy , Makokha Mary
Published: August 2022

The oil industry is a source of revenue and foreign exchange for an economy. Nevertheless, oil exploration is an inherent risk to the environment due to the pollution of water resources, especially surface water resources. The main waste is produced water, which is increasing around the world. As a consequence, water pollution resulting from normal oil drilling, refining, distribution, and accidents is the principal concern of oil exploration in the environment. Oil pollution is associated with ecological contaminants such as heavy metals and organic compounds which are the primary contaminant of surface water resources. Often this results in toxicity accretion in the food chain, and their non-biodegradable nature is of great concern to both human and aquatic life. Therefore, this review evaluates existing knowledge on the effect of oil exploration on surface water quality, hydraulic fracturing technique/chemicals, and composition of produced water. This review also recommends further research on the physicochemical characteristics, analysis of heavy metals in water/sediments, and characterization of hydro-chemical facies of surface water resources around oil exploration sites to enable effective policy development.
A hydraulic simulation-optimization model of the joint operation of multiple devices in long-distance water diversion systems under the pumps shutdown process using a parallel NSGA-II approach
Authors: Liu Xiaolian , Tian Yu , Zheng Ying , Liu Zirong , Wang Hao
Published: August 2022

The operation of a long-distance water diversion system in the transient process is a rather complicated problem requiring the joint operation of multiple devices. In this study, the joint operation of multiple hydraulic devices in the pumps shutdown process is expressed as a multi-objective optimization problem, and the hydraulic simulation-optimization model is proposed. The model is a bi-level framework, where the optimization model comprehensively considering various safety risks and efficiency through three objective functions is coupled with the MOC-based hydraulic transient simulation model. The parallel NSGA-II approach is proposed to solve the model. Besides, a process for effectively handling the constraints of the joint optimal operation of multiple hydraulic devices is proposed. Finally, the proposed model and approach are applied to a real long-distance water diversion project. The results show that the proposed model can find a set of feasible Pareto front solutions. The parallel approach greatly improves the computational efficiency. For the Pareto front schemes, the hydraulic devices are adjusted less frequently and the total regulation time is only 1/8.92–1/11.49 of that of the current operation scheme. Thus, this study provides an effective approach to formulate the joint operation scheme of multiple devices of long-distance water diversion systems.
Analysis and classification of bottled waters in the Maghreb Arab region
Authors: Sekiou Fateh , Tamrabet Lahbib
Published: August 2022

This paper provides the first survey and assessment of the composition of bottled waters (BW) of Maghreb Arab countries. Parameters reported on labels of 74 (BW) brands were used as datasets. According to the Maghreb, EEC and WHO legislations and using PCA, HCA, KMC and ANOVA analysis in conjunction with analytical and empirical approaches, the study discussed the water quality and classification. The results showed that (BW) constituents comply with natural mineral (MW), spring (SW) and table waters (TW) standards for human consumption. It appears that Ca-HCO3 is the dominant facies in Algerian and Tunisian MW but in Morocco, they are Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies. All Algerian and majority of Moroccan and Tunisian SW are Ca-HCO3 type, while both Tunisian and Moroccan TW are mainly Na-Cl type. Some of Maghreb BW are sulfated, chlorinated, bicarbonated, containing calcium, sodium and fluoride and adapted to a low sodium diet. Classification showed that BW could be categorized into four different groups. The first includes five brands of MW, rich in salts with Na + K-Cl facies. Meanwhile, two facies mark the waters of the second (Ca + Mg-SO4 and Ca + Mg-Cl), whereas the waters of the third and fourth are essentially low in salts and marked by Ca + Mg-HCO3 facies.
The effect of humic acid on the desalinization of coastal clayey saline soil
Authors: Huang Ruirui
Published: August 2022

There is a lack of research on the effect of humic acid on salinity adsorption and leaching of saline-alkali soil. We used humic acid as a modifier. Saline soil adsorption and leaching tests were carried out in the laboratory and the field to study the effect of humic acid on water, salt, and wheat yield in coastal clay saline soil. Compared to the CK (non-humic acid treatment), the laboratory tests show that soil water content, salt adsorption, salt leaching, and salt removal efficiency, all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, with the increase of humic acid, and increased by 0.1–1%, 0.5–4%, 3–11%, and 1–8% under T1-T8 (humic acid treatments), respectively. Field tests show that in all humic acid treatments soil salinity in 0–20 cm and 0–60 cm was reduced, and the water content and wheat yield was increased, compared to CK. When the humic acid content was 0.149 g/kg (T2 treatment), the soil salt removal effect and wheat yield were optimized. Overall, humic acid can effectively reduce the salinity in clay saline soil, improve its ability to hold water, and inhibit salt accumulation and soil salinization. This research contributes to the improvement of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta.
Phytoremediation of diesel contaminated soil using urban wastewater and its effect on soil concentration and plant growth
Authors: Mottaghi Shiva , Bahmani Omid , Pak Vahid Atlasi
Published: August 2022

To assess the ability of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) plant species to effect phytoremediation with the utilization of freshwater and urban wastewater, greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 with three levels of diesel contamination of 0, 1.5, and 3% w/w (referred to as DC (clean soil), D1.5 and D3, respectively). The maximum soil diesel content removal for tall fescue was by freshwater (54% (2018); 46% (2019)) and in the grass, the pea was by wastewater (44% (2018); 41% (2019)). A significant difference was observed in the amount of diesel removal by the plants at two levels of contamination, but the type of irrigation water had no significant effect. The plant growth decreased significantly by increased diesel in all treatments except D1.5 for tall fescue (2018) that led to better growth compared to the DC treatment. Diesel concentration had significant effects on plant parameters (dry weight, height, color, time of flowering, and podding), but the type of water had no similar impact. Phytoremediation was considered an effective method to reduce soil contamination, but treated wastewater could not significantly improve phytoremediation performance. The correlation coefficient indicated that the diesel removal rate was positively correlated with plant height and shoot dry weight (p < 0.01).
Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review
Authors: Shaikh Irshad N. , Ahammed M. Mansoor
Published: August 2022

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have put pressure on water resources and centralized wastewater treatment facilities and the need for greywater treatment at decentralized levels is increasing. This paper reviews the studies that used granular filtration for the treatment of greywater. Filter media characteristics that helps in the selection of suitable sustainable and environmental friendly materials without compromising the quality of treated greywater is first reported. The effect of type of filter media, media size and media depth along with the effect of operating conditions are discussed in detail. The choice, role and effect of different pre-treatment alternatives to granular media filtration are also presented. The efficiency of the filters to remove different physicochemical and microbial parameters was compared with different reuse guidelines and standards. Reported studies indicate that not only filter media characteristics and operating conditions but also the quality of raw greywater significantly influence the filter performance. Based on the source of greywater and desired reuse option, different granular media filtration alternatives are suggested. Operation of filters with properly selected media at optimum conditions based on the source of greywater helps filter in achieve the different reuse standards.
SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Nephroprotection in Patients with Diabetic
and Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sarafidis Pantelis , Pella Eva , Kanbay Mehmet , Papagianni Aikaterini
Published: August 2022

For several years, blood pressure control and blocking of the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS) represented the cornerstones of chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment.
Cardiovascular outcome trials with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors
in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) suggested that these agents can effectively
delay the progression of CKD in these individuals. A major nephroprotective effect of canagliflozin
was also shown in a renal outcome trial in patients with proteinuric diabetic
CKD. The Study-to- Evaluate-the-Effect- of-Dapagliflozin-on-Renal-Outcomes-and-Cardiovascular-
Mortality-in-Patients-With-Chronic-Kidney-Disease (DAPA-CKD) is a recent
milestone in the field, as it included patients with both diabetic and non-diabetic proteinuric
CKD and showed impressive reduction in the primary renal outcome of CKD
progression, as well as the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and all-cause mortality
on top of standard- of-care treatment. These benefits were consistent for patients with diabetic
and non-diabetic CKD, including patients with ischemic or hypertensive nephropathy
and glomerulonephritides (IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and
membranous nephropathy). Based on the above, relevant guidelines should accommodate
their recommendations to implement treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors for CKD patients.
Recent Advances on Type-2 Cannabinoid (CB2) Receptor Agonists
and their Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Gasperi Valeria , Guzzo Tatiana , Topai Alessandra , Gambacorta Nicola , Ciriaco Fulvio , Nicolotti Orazio , Maccarrone Mauro
Published: August 2022

In the last decade, selective modulators of type-2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2)
have become a major focus to target endocannabinoid signaling in humans. Indeed,
heterogeneously expressed within our body, CB2 actively regulates several physio-pathological
processes, thus representing a promising target for developing specific and safe
therapeutic drugs. If CB2 modulation has been extensively studied since the very beginning
for the treatment of pain and inflammation, the more recent involvement of this receptor
in other pathological conditions has further strengthened the pursuit of novel CB2 agonists
in the last five years.
Against this background, here we discuss the most recent evidence of the protective effects
of CB2 against pathological conditions, emphasizing central nervous system disorders,
bone and synovial diseases, and cancer. We also summarize the most recent advances
in the development of CB2 agonists, focusing on the correlation between different
chemical classes and diverse therapeutic applications. Data mining includes a review of
the CB2 ligands disclosed in patents also released in the last five years. Finally, we discuss
how the recent elucidation of CB2 tertiary structure has provided new details for the
rational design of novel and more selective CB2 agonists, thus supporting innovative
strategies to develop effective therapeutics.
Our overview of the current knowledge on CB2 agonists provides pivotal information on
the structure and function of different classes of molecules and opens possible avenues
for future research.
Emerging Role of Long Non‑coding RNAs in Asthma
Authors: Deng Jing‐Min , Chen Xue-Fen
Published: August 2022

Asthma is a common complex disorder characterized by hyper-responsiveness and
chronic inflammatory airway disease in children and adults worldwide. The prevalence of asthma
is increasing with each passing year. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), regarded as a potentially
promising path, have received increasing attention in exploring the biological regulation of chronic
airway diseases, although they have no or limited protein‑coding capacity. This review highlights
the functional roles and clinical significance of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma and provides
directions for diagnosing and treating asthma in the future.
Chemical Synthesis of Selenium-containing Peptides
Authors: Ahmed Kainat , Chotana Ghayoor Abbas , Faisal Amir , Zaib Saleem Rahman Shah
Published: August 2022

Selenium (Se), a semi-metallic element, has chemical properties similar to sulfur; however,
it has comparatively low electronegativity as well as a large atomic radius than sulfur. These features
bestow selenium-containing compounds with extraordinary reactivity, sensitivity, and potential
for several applications like chemical alteration, protein engineering, chemical (semi)synthesis, etc.
Organoselenium chemistry is emerging fastly, however, examples of effective incorporation of Se
into the peptides are relatively scarce. Providentially, there has been a drastic interest in synthesizing
and applying selenoproteins and selenium-containing peptides over the last few decades. In this
minireview, the synthetic methodologies of selenium-containing peptides and a brief description of
their chemistry and biological activities are summarized. These methodologies enable access to various
natural and unnatural selenium-containing peptides that have been used in a range of applications,
from modulating protein characteristics to structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for
applications in nutraceuticals and drug development. This review aims at the audience interested in
learning about the synthesis as well as will open new dimensions for their future research by aiding
in the design of biologically interesting selenium-containing peptides.
The Complex Roles of DNA Repair Pathways, Inhibitors, Hyperthermia,
and Contact Inhibition in Cell Cycle Halts
Authors: Lee Young Sup , Ahmed Muhammad Bilal , Alghamdi Abdullah A.A. , Islam Salman Ul , Ahsan Haseeb
Published: August 2022

The cell cycle has the capacity to safeguard the cell’s DNA from damage. Thus, cell
cycle arrest can allow tumor cells to investigate their own DNA repair processes. Cancer cells
become extremely reliant on G1-phase cyclin-dependent kinases due to mutated oncogenes and
deactivated tumor suppressors, producing replication stress and DNA damage during the S
phase and destroying checkpoints that facilitate progression through the S/G2/M phase. DNA
damage checkpoints activate DNA repair pathways to prevent cell proliferation, which occurs
when the genome is damaged. However, research on how cells recommence division after a
DNA lesion-induced arrest is insufficient which is merely the result of cancer cells’ susceptibility
to cell cycle arrest. For example, defects in the G1 arrest checkpoint may cause a cancer cell
to proliferate more aggressively, and attempts to fix these complications may cause the cell to
grow more slowly and eventually die. Defects in the G2-M arrest checkpoint may enable a
damaged cell to enter mitosis and suffer apoptosis, and attempts to boost the effectiveness of
chemotherapy may increase its cytotoxicity. Alternatively, attempts to promote G2-M arrest
have also been linked to increased apoptosis in the laboratory. Furthermore, variables, such as
hyperthermia, contact inhibition, nucleotide shortage, mitotic spindle damage, and resting phase
effects, and DNA replication inhibitors add together to halt the cell cycle. In this review, we
look at how nucleotide excision repair, MMR, and other variables, such as DNA replication inhibitors,
hyperthermia, and contact inhibition, contribute to the outlined processes and functional
capacities that cause cell cycle arrest.
Investigation of the Correlation between Geometrical Relationship and
the Anomeric effect on Conformational Reactivities and Analyze the
1, 4-elimination
Authors: Hasanzadeh Neda , Maknali Azin , Bahrami Amir
Published: August 2022

Ab initio molecular orbital hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311++G**) based methods and natural bond orbital (NBO) interpretation were used to investigate the 1, 4- eliminations and the correlations between the global hardness, global electronegativity, anomeric effect, thermodynamic parameters of 3-chloro-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1), 3-chloro-8-methyl-8- phosphabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (2) and 3-chloro-8-methyl-8- arsabicyclo [3.2.1]octane (3). The calculated global electronegativity (χ) differences between the axial- and equatorial-stereoisomers (Δ [χ (eq) - χ (ax)]) decreased from compound 1 to compound 3. This fact justifies that with the increase of the Lewis acid from the equatorial- stereoisomers of compound 1 to compound 3, the energy difference between the axial- and equatorial- stereoisomers decreases. NBO results showed that the anomeric effect is in benefit of the equatorial stereoisomers. The reactions shown in this work are illustrative of the power of anomeric effect and the geometrical relationship of the participating bonds. If the rC-Cl bond is axial, the 1, 4-elimination is avoided altogether. Whereas, if the rC-Cl bond is equatorial, the 1, 4-elimination is performed. These eliminations are rendered possible by the antiperiplanar relationship of the breaking central rC–C bond with the electron pair orbital on the heteroatom and the rC–X bond, X being a leaving group such as a halogen.
Use of Gold Nanoparticles in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Panda Biswajit
Published: August 2022

Nanoparticles have been proven to be efficient catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions, with added advantages such as the reuse of catalysts, increasing the scale of reactions employing continuous flow techniques, and simple separation of the reaction milieu, making them green, efficient, and lucrative choices. Over the last decade, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have appeared as promising and efficient catalysts in the field of sustainable organic synthesis.On the other hand, heterocycles are significant scaffolds in a variety of natural products and other biologically active molecules, as well as useful compounds for organic and material chemistry. Therefore, the progress of proficient techniques for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is always of major significance. This mini-review focuses on some of the most important AuNPs catalyzed heterocyclic compound synthesis processes. Wherever essential, the exclusivity of the approaches has been discussed by emphasizing substrate diversity, selectivity, product yields, and mechanistic features.
A New Way to the Synthesis of Tricyclic Compounds via Nitrone 1,3-
cycloaddition Dipolar Reaction
Authors: Azouz Mounir , Zga Nadia , Bouchouk Djamel
Published: August 2022

Objective:

This work is dealing with the development of new methodologies in the field of 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition.

Method:

A new series of tricyclic derivatives (13a-d), were synthesized via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones (8a-c) and (9a-c), using intramolecular cyclisation at reflux of toluene and radical intramolecular cyclisation in the presence of tributyltin hydride and AIBN as an initiator in benzene which are two techniques to prepare cycloadducts (11a-d), followed by cleavage of the N-O bond was thus performed using SmI in THF.

Result:

The structures of these new tricyclic derivatives have been confirmed by Mass, 1H-NMR (1d, 2d), 13C-NMR and IR spectral data.

Conclusion:

In summary, we have investigated the possibility of synthesizing some new and straight forward access to an A-C-D tricyclic skeleton of morphinans from symmetrical arylcyclohexadienes, methodology that can give access to different classes of alkaloids.
Phytochemical Screening and Biological Potential of Agave angustifolia
Haw. Leaves Extract as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Deep Aakash , Chikara Priya , Bansal Nitin , Kumar Sanjiv , Bansal Sandeep , Sharma Arun Kumar , Singh Ishwar , Marwaha Rakesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Agave angustifolia Haw. is a commercial crop grown in the highlands of Oaxaca State (Southern Mexico), a semi-arid region that belongs to the Agavaceae family, and it contains a variety of bioactive compounds that are linked to various biological activities

Method:

The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Agave angustifolia extract (AAE). AAE contained phenolic compounds, saponins, and fatty acids, which are responsible for antioxidant and anticancer activity, according to the GCMS analysis

Result and Discussion:

AAE exhibited antioxidant activity based on Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays (IC50 value of 203.00 µg/ml) and anticancer activity (IC50 value of 82.70±1.458 μg/ml) compared with standard drug (Doxorubicin) which shows lower inhibitory rate than Extract against HeLa CCL-2 cancer cell line.

Conclusion:

In this study, the chemical constituents and biological properties of AAE were determined.
Diabetic Patients with COVID-19 Complications: Insights into Prevalence,
Prognosis, Combination Medications, and Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Wal Pranay , Dwivedi Jyotsana , Wal Ankita , Kushwaha Shivangi
Published: August 2022

Background:

COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. For people with COVID-19 infection as well as for healthy individuals, blood glucose control is essential. Nowadays, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients.

Objectives:

We examined the data on the link between diabetes and COVID-19, the pathogenesis of diabetes, and treatment of COVID-19 infection in diabetic patients.

Methods:

Up until October 2, 2021, the key terms 'COVID-19,' 'SARSCoV2,' 'diabetes,' and 'antidiabetic therapy' were searched in the PubMed database and Google Scholar. The full texts of the articles were accessed.

Results:

Some diseases, for instance, diabetes, are continuously suggested as risk factor which result in the severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no comprehensive studies aiming to explain the exact relationship between diabetes and COVID-19. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients. COVID-19 may have an impact on diabetes pathogenesis. Blood glucose control is critical not only for COVID-19-infected patients but also for those who do not have the condition. In today's world, innovations like telemedicine are helpful in treating diabetic patients.

Conclusion:

Thus, this study aims to summarize the evidence about diabetes and COVID-19 outbreak through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased incidence and severity in diabetic patients.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of
the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Imaging Features
Authors: Rajab Bodour S.
Published: August 2022

Background:

A systematic review was performed to deliver a critical view of clinical
and research practice on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Saudi Arabia. Scopus, PubMed,
and Google Scholar databases were searched for original articles reporting clinical and/or imaging
findings among HCM patients in Saudi Arabia. Of 559 records identified, 3 studies and 1 abstract
were included, involving 169 patients.

Methods:

The mean age ranged between 40and 56 years, up to 93.3% were males. A family history
of HCM was reported in one study (5%), and sudden cardiac death was investigated in two studies
(9% and 13%). Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom (60-68.7%) reported, followed by
chest pain (12.5%-73.3%).

Results:

Regarding complications, atrial fibrillation was reported among 0-25% of the patients, mitral
regurgitations among 13.3-50%, and ventricular tachycardia among 5-12.5%. Imaging parameters
were inadequately documented and suggested a high prevalence of left atrial enlargement, SVI
+ RV5 > 35 mm, blocks, and asymmetric septal hypertrophy.

Conclusion:

The ejection fraction was reported by two studies with a mean±SD of 68±13% and
77.2±8.07%. The researchers stress the paucity, low quality, and disparity in time of original studies
about HCM in Saudi Arabia and recommend conducting national multicenter studies, with appropriate
design, notably using screening-based recruitment methods.
Antidiabetic Potential of Ruthenium(III) Hydroxamate Complexes:
Spectrophotometric Investigations
Authors: Kaushal Raj , Kaur Mandeep
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

The potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of four ruthenium(III) hydroxamate complexes [RuCl(H2O)(LI-III)2] (1-3) and [RuCl3(H2O)(HLIV)2] (4) were investigated on α-cell enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase).

METHOD:

In the instance of -amylase inhibition investigations, the antidiabetic studies of the complexes revealed that they are more active than even the Acarbose as standard, with complex 4 having an IC50 value of 52.31 g/ml. For α-glucosidase inhibition, complex 4 was observed to be the best inhibitor with a remarkable 0.35g/ml IC50 value, which may be attributed to the size and superior lipophilicity of this complex, enabling it to interact with the biological system more effectively than complexes 1-3.The complexes with the best IC50 values were studied further for enzyme kinetics. Molecular docking studies were performed as well to investigate the interactions between the synthesized complexes and target enzymes viz., α glucosidase and α-amylase.

RESULT:

The obtained in-vitro results have also been supported by the results of the in-silico docking studies. Furthermore, the antiradical activity of Ru(III) complexes was assessed for its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION:

All the complexes (except complex 3) exhibited remarkable antiradical activity.
Analysis of Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanostructured MoS2 in
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nayana K. , Sunitha A. P.
Published: August 2022

Recently, renewable and non-conventional energy production methods have been getting
widespread attention. Fast research progress in establishing green energy indicates the relevance of
carbon-free power production. Chemical energy stored in hydrogen molecules is considered green
energy to substitute conventional energy sources. It is possible to produce hydrogen without carbon
emission by water electrolysis. The action of appropriate catalysts can increase the rate of water electrolysis. Among various non-harmful and cost-effective catalysts, MoS2 nanostructures emerge as
electrocatalysts in water electrolysis. This paper reviews the electrocatalytic properties of nanostructures of MoS2 by analyzing different characterization techniques used in water electrolysis, such as
linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and
chronopotentiometry. This article explores the relationship between electrocatalytic characteristics and
the reaction mechanism. How the reaction kinetics of electrocatalyst varies with respect to the
structural changes of MoS2 nanostructures, pH of surrounding medium and longevity of catalyst are
analysed here. It is found that the 1T phase of MoS2 has faster catalytic activity than the 2H phase.
Similarly, among the various shapes and sizes of MoS2 nanostructures, quantum dot or monolayer
structures of MoS2 and doped version of MoS2 have better catalytic activity. Acidic electrolyte shows
better kinetics for releasing hydrogen than other pH conditions. Longevity, catalytic behaviour over a
wide pH range, cost-effective synthesis methods and non-toxicity of MoS2 catalysts suggest its future
scope as a better catalyst for commercial purposes. Electrocatalytic activity, stability, future scope and
challenges of various MoS2 nanostructures are reviewed here.
Embelin Enhances the Sensitivity of Renal Cancer Cells to Axitinib by Inhibiting HIF
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Zuowei , Fang Qiong , Li Zhiying , Xue Ye , Zong Xin , Ma Wenshuang , Xi Guangmin , Zhang Xiao Feng
Published: August 2022

Background:

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system with a high recurrence rate and easy metastasis. Current clinical drugs for renal cell carcinoma include immunotherapies and targeted drugs. Axitinib is a clinically targeted drug for treating renal cell carcinoma, which has shortcomings such as unstable efficacy and easy drug resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether embelin can enhance the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib and explore its regulatory pathways.

Methods:

The enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was detected using MTT, crystal violet staining and annexin V-FITC staining in two renal cancer cell lines. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins under different conditions. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict the pathways through which embelin may act on renal cancer cells, and pharmacological methods were used to verify the results.

Results:

Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to axitinib in the following aspects: enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation by axitinib, and the induction of cell apoptosis. HIF was a potential pathway for Embelin action. After IOX2 regulated the HIF-1α pathway, the enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was weakened. Moreover, after PT2977 regulated the HIF-2α pathway, the enhancing effect of embelin on axitinib was weakened.

Conclusions:

Embelin enhanced the sensitivity of A498 and 786-O renal cancer cells to axitinib by inhibiting the HIF pathway.
Anti-tumoral Effect of Thymelaea hirsuta L. Extracts in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: El Btaouri Hassan , Toumi Iheb , Yatouji Sonia , Borie Nicolas , Remy Simon , Renault Jean-Hugues , Chazee Lise , Hammami Mohamed , Martiny Laurent , Devarenne-Charpentier Emmanuelle
Published: August 2022

Background:

Conventional chemotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer has a low efficacity because of its high toxicity. Several studies identified natural compounds as potential antitumor agents by inducing cancer cell cycle arrest or apoptosis and by exhibiting a potential synergy in drug combination therapy. Natural compounds derived from plants represent an important source of pharmacologic agents toward several diseases. For example, the Tunisian Thymelaeaceae plants, are used in folk medicine for the treatment of different pathologies such as diabetes and hypertension.

Objective:

The Thymelaea hirsuta L. extracts were evaluated for their anti-tumoral activities and their adjuvant potential that could be used in conventional colorectal cancer therapy.

Methods:

Fractionation of total methanolic extract from the plant leaves provided 4 fractions using vacuum liquid chromatography. The cytotoxic activities of these fractions were tested toward colorectal cancer cells.

Results:

Ethyl acetate fraction (E2 fraction) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating caspase-3. E2 fraction inhibited cell invasion by reducing integrin 5 expression and FAK phosphorylation. Moreover, E2 fraction potentialized colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU treatment.

Conclusion:

The selected plant Thymelaea hirsuta is the source of natural compounds that inhibited cell growth and invasion and induced cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells. The most interesting result was their potential synergy in 5-FU combination treatment. Further analysis will identify the active compounds and confirm their role in chemotherapeutic treatment by sensitizing colorectal cancer cell to anti-cancer drug.
Biological Importance, Therapeutic Benefits, and Analytical Aspects of
Active Flavonoidal Compounds ‘Corylin’ from Psoralea corylifolia in the
Field of Medicine
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Background:

Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are the best examples of secondary metabolite
found in different natural sources, including ‘fruits, grains, vegetables, broccoli, tea, berries, wine,
strawberries, apples, grapes, lettuce, and citrus fruit. Natural products are a rich source of flavonoidal
compounds present in our diet source.

Objective:

Flavonoidal class chemicals can be subcategorized into chalcones, isoflavone, flavonols,
catechin, flavones, flavanones, and anthocyanidin with respect to their basic chemical structures. Psoralea
corylifolia L. belongs to the family Fabaceae and is an herbal medicine used in traditional Chinese
Medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, bacterial infections, and cancerous disorders.

Methods:

In the present work, scientific data have been collected from different databases and analyzed
in order to find the therapeutic potential of corylin in medicine. Different scientific databases
such as Google, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, etc., have been searched to collect the needed scientific
information on corylin. Scientific information on corylin has been collected in the present work in
order to know the pharmacological activities and medicinal uses of corylin in the scientific fields.
However, analytical techniques data of corylin have also been collected and analyzed for standardization
of Psoralea corylifolia and other medicinal plants.

Results:

Scientific data analysis of research works revealed the medicinal importance of Psoralea corylifolia
and its important phytoconstituents corylin in medicine. Scientific data analysis revealed that
corylin is a flavonoidal class phytochemical found in the nuts of Psoralea corylifolia L. Biological
importance of corylin in bone differentiation, bone growth, and osteoporosis has been proven in this
scientific research work. The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antitumor activity of corylin has
been also described in this medical literature. The biological importance of corylin in hyperlipidemia,
insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and neurodisorders have also been presented
in this work.

Conclusion:

Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance and therapeutic potential of
corylin in the field of medicine.