bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual understanding about piecewise functions based on graphical representation
Authors: Wahyu Triutami Tabita , Ismi Hanifah Ayu , Novitasari Dwi , Ayu Apsari Ratih , Pramestie Wulandari Nourma
Published: March 2021

Understanding the concept of function is very important in learning mathematics. Students’ understanding of functions can be seen from how students represent these functions with a graph. The present research aims to describe second-year mathematics students’ conceptual understanding about piecewise functions seen from the graphic images they made. The subjects were 5 second-year students of mathematics study program in Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. Data collected by conducting written tests and interviews with students. Students are given one problem about drawing graphs of polynomial functions that are defined piecewise. The collected data were analysed using descriptive qualitative method. After that, interviews were conducted related to graphic images made by students. From the findings, it was found that only one student understood the concept of the piecewise function correctly. He understood that each of the three polynomials defined in the piecewise function had different domains and could graph them accurately. The remaining students defined the piecewise function by using a single algebraic formula by summing each a lgebraic formula in the given piecewise function. Misunderstanding of the concept of piecewise functions is due to their lack of understanding of the domain and the continuity of a function at certain intervals.
A reconfigurable Filtenna for Cognitive Radio Application
Authors: Muduli Arjuna , Panwar Kavita
Published: March 2021

This paper describes a compact size UWB rectangular planner monopole antenna with impedance band from 7.6-15 GHz, having gain of 5.94 dBi which act like a sensing antenna for CR. After that, a filter structure is implemented at feed line of the monopole antenna with Incorporation of reconfigurable elements(switches) to make the antenna reconfigurable. By operating the switches as ON or OFF, the UWB antenna now operated at different frequencies like 8.7 GHz, 9 GHz and 11.4 GHz with narrowband functionality. This condition is helpful to CR for communication in desired band.
Key Enabling Technologies of 5G Wireless Mobile Communication
Authors: Sharma Sudhir , Deivakani M , Reddy K Srinivasa , Gnanasekar A K , Aparna G
Published: March 2021

5G (fifth generation) is more reliable at a very low cost and provides 10 times more capacity than other generations. Some of the countries namely India, South Korea, San Marino, China have conducted experiments for the implantation of 5G. 5G Wireless Technology used for mobile communication will be expected to be launched in India by 2020. Companies such as Nokia, Ericsson, Intel, AT&T, BT, Qualcomm, Verizon, and Samsung are developing the new wireless mobiles for 5G. High speed, low latency, and high capacity are the main characteristics of 5G for supporting different real-time multimedia. So, there is necessary to develop the 5G enabling technologies. The key enabling technologies used in 5G networks include Device-to-device (D2D) communication, Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, Millimetre Wave, Quality of Service (QoS), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), Full-Duplex and Green Communication. 5G allows transmitting data at 10-20 Gbps which is 100 times greater than 4G technology which creates new IoT robotic surgery applications. This paper explains about evolution and overview of 5G wireless technology with its features, applications, equipment providers, technological challenges, impact on society, etc. and also describes the architecture of 5G along with its key enabling technologies.
Object Detection and Classification for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Rajesh B. , Ramakrishna D. , Raju A. Ramakrishna , Chavan Ameet
Published: March 2021

The proposed work presents efficient objection detection and tracking algorithm for autonomous vehicles, which is developed in MATLAB with Image Processing Computer Version Toolbox and Automated Driving Toolbox. The developed algorithm track and detects moving and stationary objects such as other vehicles, pedestrians, and traffic lanes. Accurate and efficient tracking are important to analyze object behavior. For this work various build in detectors from MATLAB tool box were tested and compared. The evaluation of algorithm was carried on for 19 short videos from 8 seconds to 23 seconds, and then it applied to K-dataset and full road experiments by the Automated Driving Lab. The full road tests are between one to five minutes, including CAR to CAR WEST, CAR WEST to CAR, and campus marked roads.
Core Technologies and Harmful Effects of 5G Wireless Technology
Authors: Deivakani M , Neeraja B , Reddy K Srinivasa , Sharma Himanshu , Aparna G
Published: March 2021

5G (fifth generation) technology is used to interconnect all terminals, networks, multiple wireless technologies, applications simultaneously which can also switch between them based on VOIP (Voice-over-IP), flat IP, and Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), thus user experiences call volume services and high-level data transmission. 5G network is reliable and very fast with minimum delay, higher data rate, greater security, real-time data handling, less error rate, and few data losses. The core technologies used in 5G networks include cloud computing, Heterogeneous Network (Het Net), internet of things (IoT), Cognitive Radio (CR) network, software-defined networking (SDN), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), and massive MIMO. 5G produces different harmful effects such as human health issues, environmental issues, health issues on birds and animals, thermal effects, etc. Regulating agencies have to set a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), its maximum levels for handsets, and every mobile phone must have a SAR rating. 5G technology is used as intelligent technology in which 5G mobile phones can also be used as a tablet PC. This paper presents a general review on 5G along with its comparison with 4G, the general architecture of 5G, a detailed explanation about core technologies of 5G, and also harmful effects on different issues using 5G.
Feature Extraction and Reconstruction of Medical Images using Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Reddy Srinivasa K , Jaya T
Published: March 2021

Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA) is a classical technique used to reduce the cost of computation than standard PCA. In 2DPCA, images are treated as vectors and appear image as a matrix which is further computed and results as Eigenvalues consisting of lower dimensionality as compared to PCA. 2DPCA depends on the image matrix which is a computationally most efficient method than PCA used to enhance feature extraction speed and high accuracy. 2DPCA is represented as an image matrix, its Co-Variance matrix is computed with the image matrix directly without converting into a 1D vector, and Eigenvectors are obtained for feature extraction. 2DPCA computes an accurate Co-Variance matrix and finds Eigenvectors most efficiently. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used for classification. 2DPCA is the best method to obtain reconstruction accuracy than PCA. The main advantage of 2DPCA is less time required for feature extraction and to provide the highest reconstruction accuracy. For testing and evaluating 2DPCA performance, we are conducted several experiments using different databases such as IRMA, WANG, etc., for different medical images and observed that reconstruction accuracy depends on increasing the number of principal components.
Evaluating the Performance of Some Local Optimizers for Variational Quantum Classifiers
Authors: Joshi Nisheeth , Katyayan Pragya , Ahmed Syed Afroz
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we have studied the performance and role of local optimizers in quantum variational circuits. We studied the performance of the two most popular optimizers and compared their results with some popular classical machine learning algorithms. The classical algorithms we used in our study are support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting (GB) and random forest (RF). These were compared with a variational quantum classifier (VQC) using two sets of local optimizers viz AQGD and COBYLA. For experimenting with VQC, IBM Quantum Experience and IBM Qiskit was used while for classical machine learning models, scikit-learn was used. The results show that machine learning on noisy immediate scale quantum machines can produce comparable results as on classical machines. For our experiments, we have used a popular restaurant sentiment analysis dataset. The extracted features from this dataset and then after applying PCA reduced the feature set into 5 features. Quantum ML models were trained using 100 epochs and 150 epochs on using EfficientSU2 variational circuit. Overall, four Quantum ML models were trained and three Classical ML models were trained. The performance of the trained models was evaluated using standard evaluation measures viz, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F-Score. In all the cases AQGD optimizer-based model with 100 Epochs performed better than all other models. It produced an accuracy of 77% and an F-Score of 0.785 which were highest across all the trained models.
A Novel Voice Controlled Robotic Vehicle For Smart City Applications
Authors: Surjeet  , Gupta Nishu
Published: March 2021

There are a lot of researchers working towards enhancing the connection between humans and robot. In this article, we have developed a robotic vehicle which can be controlled by voice commands. The control system of the robot movement will respond to the voice of the commanding person. A Texas board, MSP432P401R is connected to TI-RSL (Texas Instruments-Robotic System Learning) kit and used together with Wi-Fi module, CC3100 booster pack interfaced to an android application IFTTT (If This Then That) and Blynk to transmit the voice commands. The proposed system is designed based on microcontroller (MSP432P401R) which is connected to smart android phone through Wi-Fi module for receiving voice commands. The voice commands are converted to text by an android app and sends necessary data to the controller for robot movement. The voice commands are processed in real-time, using an online cloud server called Blynk. After receiving each command from the controller, the TI-RSL kit responds and moves in the desired direction. Moreover, we have also used camera module to watch the live streaming and direct the robotic vehicle without facing any obstacle. The camera is interfaced with Raspberry Pi for live streaming. The purpose of our article is to use this robotic vehicle in high toxic areas, where human cannot reach but human voice can.
Design and Analysis of Solar PV Rooftop in Motihari
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Andleeb Marya , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi
Published: March 2021

Electricity in the modern world holds the backbone of humanity and its demand is increasing every day. Due to multiple factors, in developing countries like India, the continuous supply of electricity seems to be far-fetched due to the constant shutting down of grids (because of severe climatic conditions). The well-known sources for the production of electricity are conventional energy sources, but their supply is limited and more importantly they cause pollution. These factors raise the need to utilize renewable energy sources to the fullest. Among the available renewable energy sources, solar photovoltaic (SPV) is mostly used. In the paper, a 4 kWp SPV plant has been proposed for a residential building in Motihari, Bihar, India. The SPV plant is designed in such a way that it would ensure continuous supply of electricity. The selected location gets an average of 1156.39 W/sq.m of solar irradiation, which produces a 4.6 kWh amount of electricity using a solar rooftop plant having a capacity of 1 kWp considering 5.5 sunshine hours. The designed 4 kWp SPV plant is analyzed using PVsyst V6.8.1 software. The analysis shows that the designed SPV plant saves around 113 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, which is equivalent to planting 181 trees over a lifetime.
Failure Analysis of Power Transformer Based on Transformer Turn Ratio Test and SFRA
Authors: Prasetyo Agung , Supriyanto Eko
Published: March 2021

A power transformer is one of the most key components of energy transmission and distribution in an electric power system. Inter-turn disturbances or short circuit faults may occur because of insulation degradation between one or more successive turns of the windings. If the fault is not detected early, it may spread to the nearest winding turn and causes permanent damage to the winding. Therefore, it is necessary to detect inter-turn faults to prevent catastrophic failure of the transformer. In this study, failure analysis of a transformer that approaching the catastrophic stage is conducted using sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) and transformer turns ratio (TTR) testing methods. Correlation between SFRA & TTR tests is analyzed. TTR test before rewinding is > 0.5%, while after rewinding is < 0.5%. 400 VAC voltage is applied, and the output voltage is measured. SFRA and TTR results show that there is a linear correlation for all phases. It can be concluded in this study that the TTR test can be used to detect transformer failure.
Ripple torque lessening in space vector pulse width modulation based direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive
Authors: Lemma Berhanu Deggefa , Pradabane Srinivasan
Published: March 2021

In this work, the ripple reduction in torque using space vector pulse width modulation based direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor by employing the predictive current to estimate the flux magnitude is discovered. To lessen the ripple in current, a model-based predictive current is used to estimate the magnitude of current applied for flux estimation. Two control plans are applied to show the viability of the framework. MATLAB/Simulink is used to develop a model of PMSM and simulate the system considering different control algorithm. Simulation is performed for both simple current control and SVPWM-DTC control scheme. The result of the simulation indicates that the torque and current ripple is less for SVPWM-DTC with considerable initial overshoot.
Method development and Validation for Estimation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablet Dosage form by using RPHPLC
Authors: Swathi Konda , Manasa G Lakshmi , Munemma R , Nikitha B
Published: March 2021

In this study Irbesartan (IRN) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HRE) assay was done by utilizing stability indicating RP-HPLC, in which module was carried the water separation 2695, equipped with a detector and chromatographic separation Phenomenex column C18(250×4.mm,5μm) column was operated as stationary phase and mobile phase was combination of phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 4.1) and methanol in 60% vol and 40% vol, respectively with isocratic elution type. By using 1.0 ml/min flow rate and effluents were observed at 230 nm. The HRE and IRN were eluted at 2.913 and 2.346 min, respectively. Linearity was 75-225 μg/ml (IRN) and 6.25-18.75 μg/ml (HRE). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOT) for Irbesartan arel.173 For the purposes of μg/ml, and 3,911 μg/ml, 0.409 μg/ml and 1.364 μg/ml for Hydrochlorothiazide. The procedure was developed to suggest consistency by the subjection of medications to stress conditions like acid, alkaline, peroxide, dry heat and sunlight. Both validated criteria were appropriate. The Granry 150H tablet method can be used.
Design of a solar charging station for electric vehicles in shopping malls
Authors: Peña C , Céspedes M
Published: March 2021

In this article, we present the design, sizing and modeling of a grid-connected solar charging station for recharging electric vehicles in shopping malls. The applied method consists of an analysis of the solar resource available at the location of the shopping mall, as well as the analysis, evaluation and selection of the components of the grid-connected photovoltaic system with the support of simulation software such as PVsyst and Helioscope, as well as analysis, evaluation and selection of the components of the charging points of electric vehicles and finally the economic analysis of the solar charging station in the shopping mall.
Extreme Overirradiance events and their spectral distribution in Lima, Peru
Authors: Zamalloa Jara M A , Berg H , Conde L A , Sevillano-Bendezú M A , Carhuavilca A M , Grieseler R , Töfflinger J A
Published: March 2021

We report on ‘extreme overirradiance’ events measured in Lima, Peru. The highest measured irradiance value was 1543 W/m2 on March 23rd, 2020. The measurements were carried out by four different, independent instruments, all simultaneously recording their maximum values. The spectral distribution of the extreme overirradiance event was also recorded and compared to the spectral distributions of a clear and a cloudy sky. The extreme overirradiance phenomenon demonstrated an irradiance enhancement in the entire measured spectrum, but predominantly in the visible and the near infrared region of the spectrum (450 nm to 1100 nm). This spectral enhancement leads to a redshift of the spectrum during the extreme overirradiance event, as is observed by its lower average photon energy in comparison to the clear and cloudy sky spectra.
Development and validation of a parameter estimation methodology for two different lithium-ion batteries to optimize their performance and life cycle
Authors: Nakama V , Lafoz M , Nájera J , Sal y Rosas D
Published: March 2021

This paper presents four procedures developed to analyse the dependence of the discharge curve of a lithium battery on discharge current and working temperature. For this work, two models of lithium batteries have been used, whose discharge curves have different shapes. The first one, the shape of the curve describes an almost horizontal line in most of it (type 1), while in the other one, the shape of the curve describes a negative slope in most of it (type 2). Two of the developed procedures are used for discharge curves with different currents but constant temperature and the other two developed procedures are used for discharge curves with different temperatures but constant current. The information for the development of the simulations is obtained from the datasheet of the analysed lithium batteries.
Thermophysical characterization of vernacular wall materials: measurements of specific heat and density
Authors: Molina J O , Ríos H F , Gómez M M , Horn M J
Published: March 2021

This study presents locally implemented measurement arrangements to determine thermophysical properties, such as the density and specific heat of adobe and sillar (ignimbrite), materials widely used in the walls of high Andean houses in Peru. The values of these properties are unknown, but they are crucial as input variables of dynamic simulation programs to determine the thermal behavior and demand of the heating energy of houses. The experimental setup was referenced to international standards, such as ASTM D7263 and ASTM D4611, and used an open-source Arduino microcontroller. The evaluations were also conducted with the transient conditions of heat flow, with adobe and sillar obtaining densities of 1570 ± 62 kg⋅m−3 and 1338 ± 20 kg⋅m−3 and specific heats of 1209 ± 93 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 and 1800 ± 96 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1, respectively. The results suggest to carry out more measurements, especially of specific heat given the scarce local and international information on vernacular building materials.
Thermal comfort analysis of Ayni house at the “Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean 2015”
Authors: Ocupa D A , Horn M
Published: March 2021

The Ayni house is a prototype designed and constructed by the National University of Engineering of Peru for the “Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean”, realized in 2015 in Cali, Colombia. In this paper the thermal performance of the Ayni house under the parameters of comfort of the competition is presented.
Morpho-physiological features of Stephanotis floribunda inconditions of greenhouse culture
Authors: Turbina I N , Kravchenko I V
Published: March 2021

Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. is an ornamental pot-plant characterized with intensive growth, profuse flowering, stability in interior conditions. We studied the growth and developmental rhythm of the shoot system of the experimental plant, investigated its biomorphological features, compared the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the assimilating organs of Stephanotis floribunda during the growing season in phases: budding, mass flowering, flowering end, single flowering, slow growth and relative peace. The system of stephanotis shoots is characterized by a plagiotropic growth direction and all its vegetative-generative areas are structurally homogeneous. Due to its ability to take root in each node, the structural unit – metamer – retains autonomy and is able to restore the entire individual. The indicators of the pigment composition throughout the whole observation period indicate the stability of the photosynthetic system, and confirm the significant adaptation potential of Stephanotis floribunda in protected ground conditions.
Investigation of the level of endogenous intoxication of the body and the characteristics of the saliva crystallization in poultry with feed toxicosis
Authors: Dolgov E P , Kuzminova E V , Semenenko M P , Osepchuk D V , Vasiliadi O I
Published: March 2021

In the course of the experiments, it was found that during the reproduction of feed toxicosis in broiler chickens caused by prolonged intake of mycotoxins (T-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1), clinical signs of intoxication were recorded starting from the 5th day of the experiment. Disturbances in the biochemical profile of the bird’s blood were manifested by changes in protein metabolism, as well as in indicators reflecting the functioning of the liver and kidneys. The level of endogenous intoxication in the body of broiler chickens with combined mycotoxicosis was significantly higher than the data of intact control at a spectrophotometer wavelength λ = 254 nm - by 14.8%, at λ = 280 nm - by 36.6%, AWM distribution index (DI) 280/254 increased by 18.9%. Comparison of the saliva facies of healthy chickens and chickens with mycotoxicosis revealed differences between the studied crystallograms.
Molecular characteristics isolates of rabies virus isolated from humans in Ukraine
Authors: Polupan I M , Nedosekov V V , Stepanova T V , Rudoi O V , Parshikova A V , Drozdova E I
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of molecular-genetic investigation of isolates of rabies virus was isolated from 2 rabies patients in Ukraine. It has been confirmed that the virus that caused the deaths belongs to animal lyssavirus, namely the rabies virus. It has been proved that street isolates from humans by their genetic characteristics belong to the first genotype (RABV), the first phylogroup of animal lyssavirus. High homology between experimental samples and materials from cats, dogs, and foxes from the territory of Ukraine and with isolates in fox populations in South-Eastern Europe was revealed. RT-PCR confirmed that 2 people died of rabies, the isolates belong to the first phylogroup of lissavirus, the first genotype (RABV). It is proved that 2 street isolates from people from Ukraine are similar in degree of homology to the isolates isolated in fox populations in South-Eastern Europe.
Pollination and hybridisation systems in genus Ribes L. (Grossulariaceae)
Authors: Yandovka L F , Barabanov I V
Published: March 2021

Currants are important berry crops cultivated for medicinal purposes. Most currant cultivars are crossings between Ribes nigrum varieties, while many Ribes species are not used in hybridisation. Recent research on Ribes crossbreeding is scarce. Hybridisation of wild species can improve reproductive success and the taste of fruit. However, hybrids of certain currant species cannot produce fully formed berries. Crossbreeding of currant species was performed in Northwest Russia (Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden). The research included both introduced (R. sachalinense, R. sanguineum, R. rubrum, R. hispidulum, R. mandschuricum, R. spicatum, R. latifolium) and native species (R. aureum, R. alpinum, R. nigrum). The research aimed to identify the hybridisation system, pollination mechanisms and hybrids with the highest percentage of fruit and seed set. Pollen fertility and viability were assessed. Pollen is fertile (acetocarmin staining: 80.3% for R. alpinum and 96.0% for R. mandschuricum); germination is active on nutrient medium and in situ, especially in R. sachalinense, R. aureum and R. spicatum (54.2–41.8%). Pollen germination can be irregular. Flowers were castrated before pollination. Optimal hybrids with a high percentage of fruit set were identified: R. alpinum x R. mandschuricum, R. alpinum x R. aureum, R. sachalinense x R. sanguineum, R. rubrum, R. hispidulum.
Study of cell culture strains sensitivity to sacbrood virus
Authors: Kalinin A G , Kuleshov K V , Isaev Y G
Published: March 2021

A huge number of cell culture strains obtained from one organ (tissue) of an animal, sensitive to causative agents of various infections, are known. However, a comparative characterization of various cell culture strains sensitivity to such bee viruses as SBV has not yet been carried out. This work was carried out in the Department of Cell Biotechnology and the Laboratory of Bee Diseases of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”. For the study, we took cell cultures of the African green monkey kidneys (Vero (3 strains) - Vero (strain from the FSC VIEV Collection)), Vero K (strain from the FSC VIEV Collection), Vero (strain from Germany). We have shown that all 3 of the Vero cell cultures above strains are sensitive to SBV, however, the cell model in which the most pronounced signs of CPD were revealed is the Vero K cell line. The first signs of CPD manifestation virus in the culture of Vero K cells were observed at first passage. After 6 days. screeds were found in the monolayer after infection. At the second passage of the virus after 5 days. culturing CPD manifested itself as the appearance of voids, cell strands, and rounding of the cells part.
On the issue of developmental stability of urban tree populations
Authors: Baranov S G , Vinokurov I Y , Zykov I E , Fedorova L V , Biryukova T S
Published: March 2021

Fluctuating asymmetry as an indirect deviation in the difference between the right and the left bilaterally symmetrical traits is considered an indicative symptom of stress. The results of urban populations studying Betula pendula, Tilia cordata, Quercus robur and Acer platanoides using the conventional normalizing method and the geometric morphometrics are presented. The relationship between the environmental stress of an urbanized area and asymmetry values was analyzed. 8-10% of the samples | R – L | / (R + L) had a normal distribution (K-S test, p <0.01). Only one trait in birch and one in linden significantly (p <10−4) reflected the stress effect in a direct relationship. Q. robur and A. platanoides had a wider range of FA, and the traits reflecting stress were different. No correlation was found between the FA and GMFA integral indices. High heterogeneity of values (R – L) was accompanied by the significance of directional asymmetry. The GM method extinguished the kurtosis in trait and showed a significant value of GMFA at kurtosis values γ < 2.5. The high heterogeneity (γ >2.5) accompanied by insignificant fluctuating asymmetry in Procrustes ANOVA. The authors emphasize that the toxic effect of pollutants can be associated with the relief and protection from winds in urbanized areas. The heterogeneity of the genotype of plantings from different nurseries increases the factor diversity, which makes the results of the analysis of developmental stability much more critical.
Nutrigenomics as a tool for optimizing the composition of specialized food products by the efficiency criterion
Authors: Utkina A S , Karagodin V P
Published: March 2021

The article presents the scientific basis for designing the optimal composition of specialized food products applying nutrigenetic and nutrigenomics tools. The effect of functional ingredients on the levels of the target genes expression associated mainly with immunity and adaptation of the organism to physical activity was studied. Caffeine, vitamin D and beta-glucan were applied; their target genes were identified in experiments based on the scientific literature analysis. It was established that the efficiency of vitamin D and caffeine depends on the genotype of the consumer, determined by genetic testing to specify alleles. The individual reaction of consumers to beta-glucan indicates the absence of polymorphism in the target gene. It does not require a personal approach to its consumption. An algorithm of new specialized food products development by including functional ingredients in their composition with the efficiency confirmed by nutrigenomics was developed.
Relationship of barley leaf’s pigment content with development of yield structure elements
Authors: Zaytseva I Yu , Noskova E N , Lisitsyn E M , Schennikova I N
Published: March 2021

Variation in contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments and their correlation links with elements of yield structure of 17 samples of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was estimated by method of spectrophotometric analysis of acetone extracts from flag and second leaves. The variability of chlorophyll a content was 13.3%, of chlorophyll b – 13.5%, and carotenoids – 14.4% for flag leaf, and respectively 11.6%; 10.8%; 11.2% - for second leaf. Practically there was no variation in distribution of pigments between light-harvesting complexes (LHC) and reaction centers (RC) of photosystems (the average value of a part of chlorophyll in a light-harvesting complex was 81% of its total amount at a variation of 2.8%). The flag leaf pigments’ content was not correlated with final productivity of barley plants (r ≤ 0.27) whereas for a second leaf it is revealed statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05) interrelation between productivity and content of chlorophyll a (r = 0.64), chlorophyll b (r = 0.58), and carotenoids (r = 0.60). It is disclosed that in the studied set of spring barley samples, one can predict extent of the level of the next parameters: “ear length”, “grain mass per ear” and “1000-grains mass” by the pigments content in a flag leaf; and the parameters “ear length” and productivity – by its content in a second leaf. Among three analyzed photosynthetic pigments, yellow pigments (carotenoids) render the greatest influence on the level of development of separate elements of yield structure. Content of pigments in a second leaf is more suitable index for assessment of potential productivity of spring barley cultivars. Breeding work on increase of carotenoids and/or chlorophyll b contents in a second leaf is perspective.
Bottom sediments of wastewater treatment settling ponds system as a promising complex raw material
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Svetlov A V , Makarov D V
Published: March 2021

The paper considers the potential possibility of using sediments formed by settled suspended solids from settling ponds of the wastewater treatment system as a complex raw material. Leaching of pre-agglomerated suspensions with 2% sulfuric acid using 30% sulfuric acid as a binder in 90 days made it possible to extract 36% of copper and 55.7% of nickel. The sorption properties of fired granules made with the use of sulfite-alcohol stillage as a binder in relation to copper and nickel ions have been demonstrated. In the first few days of the experiment, it was possible to adsorb 68-73% nickel and 90-92% copper from the model solution supplied to the percolator. The possibility of obtaining a brucite-containing sorbent by hydrochloric acid opening of the initial material of suspensions and its use for purifying model solutions from fluorine ions with an efficiency of up to 62% is shown.
Development of the automated workstation for the operator of the solid municipal wastes landfill
Authors: Sereda T G , Kostarev S N
Published: March 2021

An automated workstation for the operator of the Solid Municipal Waste Landfill was developed on the example of the Solid Municipal Waste landfill in Nytvensky District, Perm Region. The most important task is to automate the accounting of incoming waste for disposal at the Solid Municipal Waste landfill. The system includes wheel-load scales, video locking system, recognition module and database management system. The database management system generates reports of three types: for landfills, for organizations removing waste from residential areas and infrastructure facilities, and for emission flows (leachate and LFG). The developed database management system is intended for accounting of incoming wastes to landfills. In the future, this database will serve as the main one for keeping records of emissions, creating reports on landfill workloads and their filling dynamics. A diagram of states and transitions of operator`s automated workstation was built. The logical equations describing the algorithm of equipment operation are developed. The ladder program for programming the logic controller is based on the international standard IEC 61131-3. A block diagram of an algorithm for solving the task of automated monitoring of processes at the Solid Municipal Waste range, aimed at preventing emissions from getting into the environment, has been proposed. The Omron SYSMAC CP1L controller and NT21 touch screen were chosen as hardware and software. The automated workstation developed for the landfill operator will improve the quality and productivity of the landfill controller and generate reports in both text and graphic form, with their transmission to environmental organizations.
Metals content in deep eutectic solvents-based extracts of Koenigia Weyrichii growing in the Kola Peninsula
Authors: Tsvetov N S , Drogobuzhskaya S V , Korovkina A V
Published: March 2021

Koenigia Weyrichii is a potentially valuable plant for the extraction of flavonoids. Growing in the Polar region, in particular in the Kola Peninsula, this plant accumulates high amounts of flavonoids. However, industrial pollution can lead to an increased content of various metals in plant material and extracts obtained from it. One of the methods of extraction bio-active components from plants is applying deep eutectic solvents. These solvents can extract not only bio-active components but also metals, including toxic ones. In this research extracts of K. Weyrichii were obtained with a mixture of choline chloride + glycerol with the addition of 10 – 50 wt.% of water. 60% v/v ethanol + water mixture was reference extractant. Various metals concentrations in extracts were estimate with mass-spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. It is obtained that extracts based on deep eutectic solvents are characterized by low concentrations of toxic and rare metals, and relatively high concentrations of macro- and micro-nutrient metals.
Spatial structure of vegetation in Lake Gusinoe (Republic Byriatia)
Authors: Bazarova B B , Kuklin A P
Published: March 2021

Lake Gusinoe is the second largest lake in the Baikal Natural Area (after Lake Baikal). The conducted research presents current water flora and the spatial pattern of vegetation at Lake Gusinoe mainly depend on the littoral structure and anthropogenic stressors. Macrophytes grow up to the depth of 13.0 m on the southwestern shore of the lake. In the other part of the lake, the plants are observed at 8.5-11.0 m. The littoral zone to the depth of 11 m occupies 50.7 per cent of total area of the lake. At present, the reduced areas of Ph. australis are detected with small groups of P. crispus, P. pectinatus on the western shore at the depth of 1.5 m. P. praelongus communities are only found in the littoral opposite the Tobkhor River. Generally, Charophyte and Bryophyta remain predominant in the lake as registered in the previous years. Presumably, the benthic vegetation complex contributes to a stable ecological status. Overgrowing Charophyta and Bryophyta maintain the self-purification of the ecosystem.
Preservation of biodiversity of the genus Hedera L. in the Nikita botanical garden
Authors: Khailenko E V , Plugatar S A , Zykova V K
Published: March 2021

Representatives of the genus Hedera L. have been cultivated in Nikitsky Botanical Gardens over two centuries. The inventory of the collection has revealed thirty five species, cultivars, and forms, including four relics of cultivation – H. helix ‘Angularis’, ‘Rugosa’, ‘Cavendishii’, and H.
hibernica ‘Scutifolia’. The presence of three species, thirty-two cultivars and forms belonging to four species, of which two species and four varieties have reached the generative stage and twenty-six cultivars are at the juvenile stage, has been established. There are seven of nine garden groups in the collection. Within morpho-decorative characteristics, two groups have been identified in terms of the color of the leaf blade: monochromatic green (twenty-four varieties and forms); and variegated (eight varieties and forms, of which there are seven white-spotted and one yellow-spotted varieties). In terms of the color type (multicolored), marginal, median, and suffuse colors have been identified. In terms of the shape of the leaf blades, the following groups have been identified among the species and cultivars: finger-cut, rounded-reniform, ovate-elongated, and irregularly asymmetric. In terms of the growth type at the juvenile stage, most species of the genus proved to be plagiotropic; yet cultivars with orthotropic growth type have also been found (in our collection, this is H. helix ‘Conglomerata’). Promising directions for increasing biodiversity of the genus include their further introduction by way of the generic complex, as well as enlarging the collection, primarily with variegated varieties of different color types and varieties from two garden groups that have not yet been present in the collection.
The productivity of the apple tree in the Vs. M. Krutovsky Botanical Garden
Authors: Bratilova N P , Moksina N V , Gerasimova O A
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of the research on the productivity of the apple tree of local selection varieties by I.V. Michurin, Clarkson, in the Vs. M. Krutovsky Botanical Garden from 2010 to 2019.The following indicators were analyzed: the number of fruits on a tree (pcs.), fruit weight (g), yield, (kg/tree), frequency of fruiting, specific load of crop fruiting (kg/1 m2 and kg/1 m3 of crown). It was revealed that according to the complex of the studied indicators, such varieties as Bellefleur-kitayka and Bismarck can be considered promising for further selection work and practical gardening.
Smart farming using SIPINDO powered by SMARTseeds: fertilizers recommendation for chili, tomato, and cucumber
Authors: Hartono A , Barus B , Janottama S , Saragih E
Published: March 2021

In the agriculture 4.0 era, farmers need fast and precise information related to fertilizers recommendation. SIPINDO powered by SMARTseeds is an application created by the consortium of East West Indonesia (EWINDO), IPB University, Twente University, Nelen & Schuurmans, AKVO, and ICCO. This application provides services to farmers such as nutrient status and fertilizers recommendation for chili, tomato, and cucumber. The soil properties database is now available for Lampung, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java. From the database of the soil properties, maps of soil pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are made and collected in a data center called the Lizard. Data of nutrient status and fertilizers recommendation in the Lizard are then sent to the farmer’s smartphone according to their coordinates. Fertilizer validation test results in East Java showed that fertilizer dosages recommended by SIPINDO powered by SMARTseeds application on chilies, tomatoes, and cucumber produced better results in production and cost efficiency compared to those of farmers. Therefore the application of SIPINDO powered by SMARTseeds has the opportunity to be developed and disseminated to farmers so that agriculture 4.0 is reached.
Formulation of soil quality index plus to support soil management in preventing soil degradation in dryland farming
Authors: Rachman L M , Hazra F , Hartono A , Mulyanto B , Hanudin E
Published: March 2021

Soil degradation threat to achieving sustainable agriculture is very prominent, especially in tropical areas like Indonesia. Soil degradation is a process of decreasing the function, quality, and productivity of the soil. Therefore, a soil management technique is needed to prevent soil degradation. The crucial problem faced is the unavailability of instruments and methods to assess and monitor soil quality and provide direction in maintaining the soil from soil degradation. Soil types and land suitability classes systems cannot assess soil quality and soil degradation due to land and soil management. Besides, both of the systems are not sensitive and satisfactory to evaluate changes in soil quality and soil degradation. The purpose of this study was to develop Soil Quality Index Plus (SQI-Plus) to evaluate soil quality in supporting development of soil management techniques, monitoring and evaluation of soil quality, and providing recommendations for maintaining soil quality to prevent soil degradation. SQI-Plus is presented in numerical forms and followed by letters which indicating one or more limiting factors for plant growth and production which needs to be repaired or rehabilitated to achieve optimal production and preventing soil degradation.
Chemical properties of tempoyak from Lima Puluh Kota district of West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rahma A , Purwati E , Juliyarsi I , Ferawati
Published: March 2021

Tempoyak is a traditional food from durian, which is made by processed, fermented durian flesh with the addition of salt and fermentation in anaerobic conditions stored in a closed state. This study aims to determine the chemical properties of tempoyak, namely the value of protein, fat content, water content, pH, and TTA (Total Titrable Acid) of the Lima Puluh Kota District. The method used is descriptive method and analysis in the laboratory. The samples used in this study are Durian meat (Duriozibethinus L.) with four treatments, the first treatment uses durian meat only (TC1), the second durian meat with banana leaf packaging (TC2), the third durian meat is added with chili (TC3), and the four durian slices of meat added with chili and banana leaf packaging (TC4). All treatments were then stored in anaerobic conditions and aged for two weeks. The results showed that the protein content was 1.42% - 6.49%. The highest was in TC1 tempoyak, 1.03% -3.04% fat content and the highest was in TC1 tempoyak, 75.60% -89.97% water content and the highest in tempoyak TC3, pH 3.8 - 4.1 and highest in tempoyak TC1, Total Titrable Acid 0.29% -0.34% and highest in tempoyak TC3 and TC4.
Quality of fermented goat milk with carrot juice during cold storage
Authors: Kurnia Y F , Suharto E L S , Purwati E
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of storage duration in refrigerator temperature on moisture content, pH, and antioxidant activity of fermented goat milk (Lactobacillus fermentum PE2) with the addition of carrot juice. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of goat milk fermentation at the refrigerator temperature of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days with 4 replications. The results showed that the storage duration at a refrigerator temperature had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the antioxidant activity but no noticeable effect (P>0.05) on the moisture content and pH. Goat milk fermentation with Lactobacillus fermentum PE2 can maintain quality until 20 days at a refrigerator temperature with the moisture content 81.32%, pH 4.48, and antioxidant activity 23.50%.
Mixed Low-density Demolition Waste in Production of Lightweight Cement-based Composites
Authors: Pokorný Jaroslav , Šál Jiří , Ševčík Radek
Published: March 2021

Lightweight concretes are traditionally used composites intended for non-bearing applications. In their composition, various types of lightweight natural as well as industrially produced aggregates are employed. Regard to the considerable aggregates consumption, the potential application of mixed low-density demolition waste (MDW) in production of cement-based composites was studied in this paper. In mixes with maintained workability, silica sand was replaced by MDW in the amount of 0 – 100 vol. %. On hardened developed composites, basic physical properties, strength properties and dynamic moduli were determined and compared with control material after 28 days of water curing. Due to reduced weight of waste aggregate compared with the silica sand, hardened composites showed importantly lower bulk density. However, their increasing porosity induced by higher MDW additions led to the decrease of compressive and flexural strengths and dynamic moduli values. With respect to the maintaining of mechanical resistance, quantities of incorporated MDW not exceeding 25 % were chosen as an optimal replacements ratio.
Influence of Amount of Filler on Thermal Resistance of Bitumen Sheets
Authors: Plachý Jan , Vysoká Jana , Vejmelka Radek
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the correlation between the amount of fillers and the thermal resistance of bitumen sheets under EN 1110:2011. Based on the analysis of samples of bitumen sheets used for the insulation of concrete bridges, the standard EN 14695:2010 indicates what the usual amount of fillers is and what the value of the resistance to flow at elevated temperature is. Bitumen sheets, which are used in the Czech and Slovak Republic, were used as samples. The samples represented bitumen sheets modified with polymers of elastomeric and plastmeric nature. Bitumen sheets were of two types with and without protective covering. It was found that fly ash and micro-milled limestone were used as fillers in the bituminous substance of the sheets. The dependence between the amount of fillers and the resistance to flow at elevated temperature was only confirmed in some of the bitumen sheets samples.
Aging Simulation of Plastic Products due to Weather Conditions
Authors: Machova Petra , Crhakova Lucie , Vejvoda Michal , Kraus Michal
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the aging of plastic products due to weather conditions. It focuses on the analysis of aging and weathering of plastic products, or parts of building structures. As part of the research, the Xenotest Alfa device was used to simulate the weathering of plastic products. Xenotest Alfa simulates, for example, variable temperature, solar radiation, humidity and different types of climate. Samples of plastic and wood-plastic products were placed in the device, where the test of accelerated degradation and light stability was performed. The motivation for using the device is the effect of UV radiation on the samples, which causes the aging of the material and its gradual degradation, which may in the future cause the product to malfunction or degrade its color, as shown by this research.
Middleware Development to Connect Telegram Messenger and Instant Messenger for the Elderly
Authors: Swandi Charles Eka , Nugraha Kristian Adi , Sebastian Danny , Restyandito
Published: March 2021

For the elderly, instant messengers can be a media for them to interact with other people so that they don’t feel lonely. However, the elderly often find it difficult to interact with big instant messengers such as LINE, Whatsapp and Telegram, which is why an instant messenger designed specifically for the elderly is needed. Unfortunately, there are several limitations in which the messages can only be exchanged within the same instant messenger. To tackle this problem, a middleware that will be used to connect this instant messaging for the elderly with Telegram messenger. The middleware is developed with API and Webhook method. Other than that, Telegram bot is used so that messages can be sent out from Telegram. Through the testing done, the middleware developed has successfully sent out messages from Telegram to the instant messenger for elderly and vice versa.