bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Less is more: repellent-treated fabric strips as a substitute for full screening of open eave gaps for indoor and outdoor protection from malaria mosquito bites
Authors: Njoroge Margaret Mendi , Hiscox Alexandra , Saddler Adam , Takken Willem , van Loon Joop J. A. , Fillinger Ulrike
Published: July 2022

Background

Providing protection from malaria vector bites, both indoors and outdoors, is crucial to curbing malaria parasite transmission. Screening of house entry points, especially with incorporated insecticides, confers significant protection but remains a costly and labour-intensive application. Use of spatial repellents has shown promise in creating areas of protection in peri-domestic areas.

Methods

This study aimed at comparing the protection provided by transfluthrin-treated and untreated complete screens over open eave gaps with incomplete transfluthrin-treated eave strips as a potential replacement for a full screen. Human landing catches were implemented independently inside and outside an experimental hut under controlled semi-field conditions, with insectary-reared Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes.

Results

The odds of a female mosquito finding a human volunteer indoors and attempting to bite were similar whether the eaves were completely open or there was an untreated fabric strip fixed around the eaves. However, when the eave gap was completely screened without insecticide, the odds of receiving a bite indoors were reduced by 70% (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.47). Adding transfluthrin to the full screen, further increased the protection indoors, with the odds of receiving a bite reduced by 92% (0.08, 95% CI 0.04–0.16) compared to the untreated screen. Importantly, the same protection was conferred when only a narrow transfluthrin-treated fabric strip was loosely fixed around the eave gap (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.13). The impact of the transfluthrin treatment on outdoor biting was correlated with evening temperatures during the experiments. At lower evening temperatures, a transfluthrin-treated, complete screen provided moderate and variable protection from bites (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.37–1.03), whilst at higher evening temperatures the odds of receiving a bite outdoors was over four times lower in the presence of transfluthrin, on either a full screen (OR 0.22 95% 0.12–0.38) or a fabric strip (OR 0.25, 95% 0.15–0.42), than when no treatment was present.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that transfluthrin-treated fabric strips can provide a substitute for complete eave screens. They are a simple, easy-to-handle tool for protecting people from malaria mosquito bites indoors and potentially around the house in climatic areas where evening and night-time temperatures are relatively high.
Targeted demethylation of the SLC5A7 promotor inhibits colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Baike , Yin Xiaonan , Jiang Zhiyuan , Fang Chao , Chen Na , Zhang Bo , Dai Lei , Yin Yuan
Published: July 2022

Background

SLC5A7 (solute carrier family 5 member 7), also known as choline transporter 1 (CHT1), is downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanisms underlying the inactivation of SLC5A7 in CRC remain to be elucidated.

Results

In the present study, two broad-spectrum demethylation agents (azacitidine and decitabine) employed to treat CRC cells significantly upregulated SLC5A7 expression. Further results based on the CRC cohort and TCGA database indicated that SLC5A7 promoter methylation inversely correlated with SLC5A7 expression, and the status of SLC5A7 promotor methylation showed a promising prognostic value for patients with CRC. Next, the dCas9-multiGCN4/scFv-TET1CD-based precision demethylation system was constructed, which could significantly and specifically promote SLC5A7 expression in CRC cells through sgRNA targeting the SLC5A7 promoter. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that targeted demethylation of SLC5A7 by dCas9-multiGCN4/scFv-TET1CD-sgSLC5A7 inhibited tumor growth by stabilizing p53 and regulating downstream targets.

Conclusions

Collectively, DNA promoter methylation caused inactivation of SLC5A7 in CRC, and targeted demethylation of SLC5A7 might be a therapeutic target for CRC and other cancers.
Unusually high incidence of polyomavirus JC infection in the higher grade of colorectal cancer tissues in Taiwan
Authors: Fang Chuan-Yin , Chen San-Yuan , Hsiao Bo-Xiu , Huang Hsin-Yi , Chen Yi-Ju , Tung Chun-Liang , Fang Chiung-Yao
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and is suggested to contribute to CRC tumorigenesis. The rearrangement of the JCPyV regulatory region is supposedly associated with CRC development. The progression of CRC involves the stepwise accumulation of mutations. The large tumor antigen (LT) of JCPyV can trigger uncontrolled cell cycle progression by targeting oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes, and causing chromosome instability. Few studies have focused on the presence of JCPyV DNA in the higher grade of CRC tissues.

Methods

We collected 95 tissue blocks from samples of stages I, II, III, and IV CRC. Nested PCR targeting the regulatory region of the viral genome was performed to determine the presence of JCPyV DNA in the various stages of colorectal cancer tissues.

Results

The nested PCR results showed that the positive rate of JCPyV DNA increased with the progression of CRC stages. The archetypal-like, non-rearrangement genotype of JCPyV with subtle mutations was the major genotype found in CRC samples.

Conclusions

This finding in our study suggests that there may be an association between JCPyV and CRC progression.
Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases may attenuate scar proliferation after cleft lip surgery in rabbits via Smads signaling pathway
Authors: Ding Qian , Yue Jin , Xue Ling-fa , Xu Yao-xiang , Xiao Wen-lin
Published: July 2022

Background

Cleft lip repair surgery always results in visible scarring. It has been proved that scar formation can be reduced by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPKs) signaling pathway. However, the interaction between p38MAPK and Smads in scar formation is still controversial.

Methods

This study was designed to investigate whether inhibition of p38MAPK reduces postoperative scar formation of cleft lips on rabbits via the Smads signaling pathway. Scar models in rabbits after cleft lip surgery were created and their fibroblasts were extracted. Then the expression of p38MAPK was disturbed by adenovirus in vitro and Vivo. The scar thickness was measured and scar tissues were excised for Sirius red staining and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of type I collagen (col I), type III collagen (col III), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The underlying mechanisms of p38MAPK knockdown on the extracellular matrix and Smad signaling pathway were invested in vitro using the EdU assay, Western blot, RT PCR, and immunofluorescence.

Results

p38MAPK knockdown suppresses the expression of p-smad3 and p-smad2 in fibroblasts, modulating the expression of its target genes, such as α-SMA, col I, and col III. When Ad-P38MAPK-1 was injected into lip scar, it reduced the expression of scar-related genes and scar thickness when compared to the negative control groups.

Conclusions

In rabbits, inhibiting p38MAPK expression prevents scar proliferation through inhibiting the Smad signaling pathway after cleft lip surgery.
Experimental Study on Existing RC Circular Members Under Unequal Lateral Impact Train Collision
Authors: AL-Bukhaiti Khalil , Yanhui Liu , Shichun Zhao , Abas Hussein , Nan Xu , Lang Yang , Yu Yan Xing , Daguang Han
Published: July 2022

With the fast growth of high-speed rail in recent years, derailment has become the first hidden danger of high-speed rail transportation. The high-speed train passes near the station building. So the train may derail and hit the station building. Building a high-speed railway station usually uses a reinforced concrete structure. As a result of high impact energy on the impact body, the reinforced concrete (RC) member may fail; the impact point is near the member's foot; the structural member's constraint can be considered fixed support. This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of four types of circular reinforced concrete members under unequal lateral impact loads. The RC member's failure mechanism and dynamic response addressed the significance of unequal lateral impact load. The usual circular reinforced concrete members are used as the model to perform the drop-weight impact test. The specimens' crack pattern, failure mechanism, impact, deflection, and strain time–history curves are obtained. Findings show that between the impact point and the adjacent support, shear fractures occur that fail in shear mode. Shear cracks are based on impact velocity, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and stirrup ratio. One type is more destructive to members and nodes. A shear fracture occurs when a longitudinal reinforcement fractures towards the closer support. The effects of impact velocity, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and stirrup ratio on the dynamic impact response are studied. The experimental results may help improve structural member impact resistance. The critical section (right side) computed the static shear resistance using shear force, whereas the maximum external load resistance determines static bending moment resistance. Understanding how circular members fail to be subjected to unequal lateral impact loads provides insight into circular RC members' impact design and damage evaluation.
A novel MRI index for paraspinal muscle fatty infiltration: reliability and relation to pain and disability in lumbar spinal stenosis: results from a multicentre study
Authors: Banitalebi Hasan , Aaen Jørn , Storheim Kjersti , Negård Anne , Myklebust Tor Åge , Grotle Margreth , Hellum Christian , Espeland Ansgar , Anvar Masoud , Indrekvam Kari , Weber Clemens , Brox Jens Ivar , Brisby Helena , Hermansen Erland
Published: July 2022

Background

Fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscles may play a role in pain and disability in lumbar spinal stenosis. We assessed the reliability and association with clinical symptoms of a method for assessing fatty infiltration, a simplified muscle fat index (MFI).

Methods

Preoperative axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 243 patients aged 66.6 ± 8.5 years (mean ± standard deviation), 119 females (49%), with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis were assessed. Fatty infiltration was assessed using both the MFI and the Goutallier classification system (GCS). The MFI was calculated as the signal intensity of the psoas muscle divided by that of the multifidus and erector spinae. Observer reliability was assessed in 102 consecutive patients for three independent investigators by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for continuous variables and Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC1) for categorical variables. Associations with patient-reported pain and disability were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Results

Interobserver reliability was good for the MFI (ICC 0.79) and fair for the GCS (AC1 0.33). Intraobserver reliability was good or excellent for the MFI (ICC range 0.86–0.91) and moderate to almost perfect for the GCS (AC1 range 0.55–0.92). Mean interobserver differences of MFI measurements ranged from -0.09 to -0.04 (LoA -0.32 to 0.18). Adjusted for potential confounders, none of the disability or pain parameters was significantly associated with MFI or GCS.

Conclusion

The proposed MFI demonstrated high observer reliability but was not associated with preoperative pain or disability.
Radiomics in photon-counting dedicated breast CT: potential of texture analysis for breast density classification
Authors: Landsmann Anna , Ruppert Carlotta , Wieler Jann , Hejduk Patryk , Ciritsis Alexander , Borkowski Karol , Wurnig Moritz C. , Rossi Cristina , Boss Andreas
Published: July 2022

Background

We investigated whether features derived from texture analysis (TA) can distinguish breast density (BD) in spiral photon-counting breast computed tomography (PC-BCT).

Methods

In this retrospective single-centre study, we analysed 10,000 images from 400 PC-BCT examinations of 200 patients. Images were categorised into four-level density scale (a–d) using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)-like criteria. After manual definition of representative regions of interest, 19 texture features (TFs) were calculated to analyse the voxel grey-level distribution in the included image area. ANOVA, cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic regression statistics were used. A human readout then was performed on a subset of 60 images to evaluate the reliability of the proposed feature set.

Results

Of the 19 TFs, 4 first-order features and 7 second-order features showed significant correlation with BD and were selected for further analysis. Multinomial logistic regression revealed an overall accuracy of 80% for BD assessment. The majority of TFs systematically increased or decreased with BD. Skewness (rho -0.81), as a first-order feature, and grey-level nonuniformity (GLN, -0.59), as a second-order feature, showed the strongest correlation with BD, independently of other TFs. Mean skewness and GLN decreased linearly from density a to d. Run-length nonuniformity (RLN), as a second-order feature, showed moderate correlation with BD, but resulted in redundant being correlated with GLN. All other TFs showed only weak correlation with BD (range -0.49 to 0.49, p < 0.001) and were neglected.

Conclusion

TA of PC-BCT images might be a useful approach to assess BD and may serve as an observer-independent tool.
A cross-sectional study of the anthropometry of the face among Bonos and Ewes in the Bono region of Ghana
Authors: Sarkodie Francis Kofi , Abaidoo Chrissie Stansie , Diby Thomas Kouakou , Appiah Atta Kusi , Darko Nancy Darkoa , Nketsiah James
Published: July 2022

Background

Growth and development of craniofacial structures are of importance since their anthropometry is useful in maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, orthodontics and forensic medicine. Surgeons consider the specific facial structures of such patients to help obtain accurate results. Ghana is however less-endowed with data regarding facial anthropometry for the aforementioned applications. Therefore, the study aimed to bring out the differences between the facial measurements of the male and female participants in order to generate baseline data for Ghanaians, taking into consideration the Bonos and Ewes living in the Bono region of Ghana. Twenty-four anthropometric facial measurements were taken from a total of 291 healthy individuals (152 Bonos and 139 Ewes), aged 18–60 years using Shahe Vernier callipers.

Results

The study revealed Bono males had significantly longer faces than that of the Bono females (upper face height 2 and total face height). For maxillary height, mandibular width and mouth width, the mean values of Bono males were significantly greater than that of the Ewe males. There was a statistically significant difference concerning nasal length and anatomical nose width among the participants (p< 0.05). Bono male participants had significantly greater values than Ewe males in both endocanthion-exocanthion and endocanthion-endocanthion measurements.

Conclusions

The results of this study support the assertion regarding the existence of tribal variations and sexual dimorphism associated with facial measurements and have provided additional data for facial morphology for biometric and forensic applications as well as facial reconstruction especially among the study populations in Ghana.
Transitions from intensive eating disorder treatment settings: qualitative investigation of the experiences and needs of adults with anorexia nervosa and their carers
Authors: Clark Bryan Danielle , Macdonald Pamela , Cardi Valentina , Rowlands Katie , Ambwani Suman , Arcelus Jon , Bonin Eva-Maria , Landau Sabine , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet
Published: July 2022

Background

Relapse rates for individuals with anorexia nervosa after intensive hospital treatment (in-patient or full-time day care) are high. Better knowledge about the difficulties and opportunities that arise during this transition is needed to identify factors that support or hinder continued recovery upon discharge.

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of adult patients and their chosen carers on the process of transitioning from intensive eating disorder treatment settings to the community.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with anorexia nervosa (n = 11) discharged from day or in-patient care from specialised eating disorder units across the UK, and their chosen carers (n = 20). Data were analysed with inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Four interrelated themes were identified for both groups. For patients, themes were continuity of care, ambivalence about continued recovery, the value of social support and a call for enhanced transition support. For carers, themes were the impact of the eating disorder on themselves and the family, perceptions of recovery and support post-discharge, the impact of previous treatment and care experiences, and desire to create a supportive transition process.

Conclusions

The study provides an insight into the unique challenges that individuals with anorexia nervosa face upon leaving intensive treatment. A lack of post-discharge planning, support system and identity formation outside of anorexia nervosa were perceived as barriers to continued recovery. Patients and carers advocated for transition support that incorporates a phased, inclusive approach with accessible professional and social support in the community.
Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Study Comparing Oral Paclitaxel Plus Encequidar Versus Intravenous Paclitaxel in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Rugo Hope S. , Umanzor Gerardo A. , Barrios Francisco J. , Vasallo Rosa H. , Chivalan Marco A. , Bejarano Suyapa , Ramírez Julio R. , Fein Luis , Kowalyszyn Ruben D. , Kramer E. Douglas , Wang Hui , Kwan Min-Fun R. , Cutler David L. ,   for the Oraxol Study Consortium Investigators
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE

Intravenous paclitaxel (IVpac) is complicated by neuropathy and requires premedication to prevent hypersensitivity-type reactions. Paclitaxel is poorly absorbed orally; encequidar (E), a novel P-glycoprotein pump inhibitor, allows oral absorption.

METHODS

A phase III open-label study comparing oral paclitaxel plus E (oPac + E) 205 mg/m2 paclitaxel plus 15 mg E methanesulfonate monohydrate 3 consecutive days per week versus IVpac 175 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks was performed. Women with metastatic breast cancer and adequate organ function, at least 1 year from last taxane, were randomly assigned 2:1 to oPac + E versus IVpac. The primary end point was confirmed radiographic response using RECIST 1.1, assessed by blinded independent central review. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

Four hundred two patients from Latin America were enrolled (265 oPac + E, 137 IVpac); demographics and prior therapies were balanced. The confirmed response (intent-to-treat) was 36% for oPac + E versus 23% for IVpac ( P = .01). The PFS was 8.4 versus 7.4 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.768; 95.5% CI, 0.584 to 1.01; P = .046), and the OS was 22.7 versus 16.5 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.794; 95.5% CI, 0.607 to 1.037; P = .08). Grade 3-4 adverse reactions were 55% with oPac + E and 53% with IVpac. oPac + E had lower incidence and severity of neuropathy (2% v 15% > grade 2) and alopecia (49% v 62% all grades) than IVpac but more nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and neutropenic complications, particularly in patients with elevated liver enzymes. On-study deaths (8% oPac + E v 9% IVpac) were treatment-related in 3% and 0%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

oPac + E increased the confirmed tumor response versus IVpac, with trends in PFS and OS. Neuropathy was less frequent and severe with oPac + E; neutropenic serious infections were increased. Elevated liver enzymes at baseline predispose oPac + E patients to early neutropenia and serious infections (funded by Athenex, Inc; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02594371 ).
Association of Language Barriers With Process Outcomes After Craniotomy for Brain Tumor
Authors: Manuel Solmaz P. , Chia Zer Keen , Raygor Kunal P. , Fernández Alicia
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about the independent association of language barriers on postoperative process outcomes after craniotomies.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association of limited English proficiency (LEP) with length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, hospitalization costs, and rate of 30-day readmission after craniotomy for brain tumor.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent craniotomies for brain tumor from 2015 to 2019 at a high-volume neurosurgical center. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of LEP with discharge disposition and 30‐day readmission. Negative binomial regression was used to evaluate the association of LEP with LOS and hospitalization cost.

RESULTS:

Of the 2232 patients included, 7% had LEP. LEP patients had longer LOS (median [IQR] 5 [3-8] days vs 3 [2-5] days, P < .001), higher costs of hospitalization (median [IQR] $27 000 [$21 000-$36 000] vs $23 000 [$19 000-$30 000], P < .001), and were more likely to be discharged to skilled care facilities (37% vs 21%, P < .001) compared with English proficient patients. In multivariable models, the association between LEP and longer LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24), higher hospitalization costs (incidence rate ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.05-1.20), and discharge to skilled care (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.13-2.72) remained after adjusting for confounders. There was no difference in 30-day readmission rates by language status.

CONCLUSION:

LEP is an independent risk factor for extended LOS, higher hospitalization cost, and discharge to skilled care in neurosurgical patients who undergo craniotomy for brain tumor. Future research should seek to understand mediators of these observed disparities.
Cleaner fish are potential super-spreaders
Authors: Narvaez Pauline , Morais Renato A. , Vaughan David B. , Grutter Alexandra S. , Hutson Kate S.
Published: July 2022

Cleaning symbiosis is critical for maintaining healthy biological communities in tropical marine ecosystems. However, potential negative impacts of mutualism, such as the transmission of pathogens and parasites during cleaning interactions, have rarely been evaluated. Here, we investigated whether the dedicated bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, is susceptible to and can transmit generalist ectoparasites between client fish. In laboratory experiments, L. dimidiatus were exposed to infective stages of three generalist ectoparasite species with contrasting life histories. Labroides dimidiatus were susceptible to infection by the gnathiid isopod Gnathia aureamaculosa, but were significantly less susceptible to the ciliate protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans and the monogenean flatworm Neobenedenia girellae, compared with control host species (Coris batuensis or Lates calcarifer). The potential for parasite transmission from a client fish to the cleaner fish was simulated using experimentally transplanted mobile adult (i.e. egg-producing) monogenean flatworms on L. dimidiatus. Parasites remained attached to cleaners for an average of 2 days, during which parasite egg production continued, but was reduced compared with that on control fish. Over this timespan, a wild cleaner may engage in several thousand cleaning interactions, providing numerous opportunities for mobile parasites to exploit cleaners as vectors. Our study provides the first experimental evidence that L. dimidiatus exhibits resistance to infective stages of some parasites yet has the potential to temporarily transport adult parasites. We propose that some parasites that evade being eaten by cleaner fish could exploit cleaning interactions as a mechanism for transmission and spread.
A review of inferior vena cava filters
Authors: Sheahan Kevin P. , Tong Emma , Lee Michael J.
Published: July 2022

The care of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is delivered via a multidisciplinary team. The primary treatment for VTE is anticoagulation; however, placement of filter devices in the inferior vena cava (IVC) to prevent embolisation of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a well-established secondary treatment option. Many controversies remain regarding utilisation and management of filters.
Intranodal lipiodol injection for the treatment of chyle leak in children – a preliminary experience
Authors: Gupta Amit , Naranje Priyanka , Vora Zainab , Sharma Raju , Jana Manisha , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Sinha Pallavi , Malik Rohan , Goel Prabudh , Dhua Anjan , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of intranodal lymphangiography using ethiodised oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet Japan, Tokyo, Japan) for the treatment of refractory cases of chylothorax and chylous ascites in the paediatric population.

Methods:

Between 2016 and 2020, eight children having chyle leak resistant to conservative management underwent intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol injection. After ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board, these patients’ data were retrospectively analysed. Technical success was defined by opacification of inguinal and retroperitoneal lymphatics while injection on fluoroscopy. Clinical success was defined as progressively decreasing drain output and eventual cessation of output within a week after the procedure. Long-term follow up was done as feasible.

Results:

Technical success was achieved in all the patients. Complete cessation of drain output was noted within 1 week of procedure in all patients indicating clinical success. One patient had recurrence of chylous leakage after an interval of 1 month and intranodal lymphangiography was repeated for that patient. The child had technical as well as clinical success after the repeat procedure. Hence a total of 9 procedures were performed in 8 patients.

Conclusion:

Intranodal lymphangiography may prove to be a valuable minimally invasive therapeutic tool in cases of refractory chylous leakage in paediatric patients with minimal risk of complications.

Advances in knowledge:

Intranodal lymphangiography using lipiodol may prove to be a minimally invasive alternative in paediatric patients with refractory lymphatic leaks.
Promoting simulation-based training in radiology: a homemade phantom for the practice of ultrasound-guided procedures
Authors: Giannotti Elisabetta , Jethwa Ketan , Closs Samantha , Sun Rachel , Bhatti Hamnah , James Jonathan , Clarke Christopher
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Ultrasound-guided intervention is an essential skill for many radiologists and critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment in many radiology subspecialties. Simulation using phantoms have demonstrated statistically significant benefits for trainees within the literature. We propose a novel phantom model which the authors feel is ideal for training clinical radiology trainees in the performance of ultrasound-guided procedures.

Methods:

The recipe to prepare a homemade phantom is described. Results of a local survey from trainees preparing and using the phantom are also presented.

Results:

This realistic training simulation model can be adapted to suit a variety of biopsy devices and procedures including soft tissue biopsy and cyst aspiration. The phantom mimics the sonographic appearances of soft tissue and biopsy targets can be concealed within. The phantom was easily prepared by 22 trainees (Likert score 4.5) and it functioned well (Likert score of 4.7).

Conclusion:

In summary, our phantom model is ideal for training clinical radiology trainees in the performance of ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The availability and low cost of the model, combined with the ease of preparation and reproducibility, make this an efficient and effective addition to the training process.

Advances in knowledge:

A low cost easily handmade phantom recipe is described that could be easily implemented in training schemes.
Demographic and media factors affecting women’s demand for different types of health insurance: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Musoke Edward , Ssekiziyivu Bob , Mukoki James , Ashaba Claire
Published: July 2022

Background: In the absence of a National Health Insurance Scheme, many Ugandans don’t have access to basic health care because of the high cost of attaining this health care. The problem is even worse among women who are faced with higher rates of morbidity and hospitalization. The objective of the study was to assess demographic and media factors affecting the demand for community, employer provided and private health insurance among women in Uganda.

Methods: The study used secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey, a nationally representative survey. The sample comprised of 18,506 women aged 15-49 years from a population of 20,880 households. Data were analyzed using STATA version 15. Descriptive statistics, Chi square tests and the Firth logistic regression were used to understand the frequency distribution of different types of health insurance, demographic and media factors, associations between different types of health insurance, demographic and media factors and the demographic and media factors affecting the demand for community, employer provided and private health insurance.

Results: The results indicated low demand for different types of health insurance among women. Education and wealth were the demographic factors that affected the demand for community and employer provided health insurance while marital status, age and education were demographic factors that affected the demand for community, employer provided and private health insurance respectively. Watching television, reading newspapers and listening to radio were the media factors that affected the demand for employer provided health insurance while listening to radio was the only media factor that affected the demand for community health insurance.

Conclusions: There is a need to expedite the National Health Insurance policy to enhance the uptake of health insurance among women in Uganda.
Mental health burden and predictors among Egyptian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elsherbeny Enas , Elhapashy Heba , Ageez Mahmoud , El-Saed Aiman , Niazy Nermeen
Published: July 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is known to have negatively affected the physical and mental well-being of healthcare workers. Estimating such a burden in a limited-resource setting may be essential in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. This research aims to assess the prevalence of mental health problems, that is, depression and anxiety, among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt and their associated factors and predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey to screen for anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) score and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score among healthcare workers in direct or indirect contact with COVID-19 cases. Results: Analysis of participants’ responses showed that 36.7% suffered from depression, while 30.7% had moderate to severe anxiety. Independent predictors of depression were feeling unsure or dissatisfied with one’s income (AOR =8.87 and 8.51, respectively), working exclusively in private or governmental hospitals (AOR = 8.15 and 5.1, respectively), and serving in central or insurance hospitals (AOR = 2.21). Meanwhile, independent predictors of anxiety were working in governmental hospitals (AOR = 5.87), working duration from 5 to 10 years (AOR = 4.65), and suffering from other comorbidities (AOR = 2.18). Working as a nurse was a protective factor against anxiety (AOR = 0.36). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic considerably affected the mental well-being of health care workers in Egypt. Income, type of hospital, working duration, and other comorbidities were the main predictors of health care workers’ mental health. Examining the mental burden of the pandemic on health care workers is important so that current and future crises can be managed better.
Data assimilation and agent-based modelling: towards the incorporation of categorical agent parameters
Authors: Ternes Patricia , Ward Jonathan A , Heppenstall Alison , Kumar Vijay , Kieu Le-Minh , Malleson Nick
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the use of a particle filter—a data assimilation method—to incorporate real-time data into an agent-based model. We apply the method to a simulation of real pedestrians moving through the concourse of Grand Central Terminal in New York City (USA).  The results show that the particle filter does not perform well due to (i) the unpredictable behaviour of some pedestrians and (ii) because the filter does not optimise the categorical agent parameters that are characteristic of this type of model. This problem only arises because the experiments use real-world pedestrian movement data, rather than simulated, hypothetical data, as is more common. We point to a potential solution that involves resampling some of the variables in a particle, such as the locations of the agents in space, but keeps other variables such as the agents’ choice of destination. This research illustrates the importance of including real-world data and provides a proof of concept for the application of an improved particle filter to an agent-based model.  The obstacles and solutions discussed have important implications for future work that is focused on building large-scale real-time agent-based models.
The endoscopic transnasal approach to the lesions of the craniocervical junction: two case reports
Authors: Dabboucy Baraa , Lahiani Wissem , Bresson Damien , Aldahak Nouman
Published: July 2022

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has recently been considered a safer alternative and less invasive approach than the traditional transoral approach because the complications associated with the latter are avoided or minimized. Here, we present two challenging cases of CVJ pathologies. The first case involved os odontoideum associated with anterior displacement of the occipitocervical junction where the EEA was used, followed by C0-C1-C2 fusion using a posterior approach to decompress the CVJ, and was complicated by rhinorrhea and Candida albicans meningitis. The second case involved basilar invagination with syringomyelia previously treated using a posterior approach, where aggravation of neuropathic symptoms required combined treatment with EEA and occipitocervical fusion of C0-C2-C3-C4, with the postoperative course challenged by operative site infection requiring drainage with debridement and antibiotic therapy. The EEA is an alternative approach for accessing the CVJ in well-selected patients. Knowledge of EEA complications is crucial for the optimal care of patients.
Effects of early clinical and basic laboratory exposure program on premedical students: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Cho Kyu Hyang , Ko Hyun Sook , Lee Kyung Hee , Hwang Tae-Yoon , Lee Keun-Mi , Kim Sae Yoon , Chang Min Cheol
Published: July 2022

Background: Because premed students do not take courses related to medicine during their first 2 years, they cannot establish their identity as students at medical schools, making it difficult for them to set goals as future doctors. We conducted an early clinical and basic laboratory exposure program for premed students and studied the effects of the program and student satisfaction levels. Methods: We performed an early clinical and basic laboratory exposure program for premed students for 2 days and evaluated the effects of the program and student satisfaction with it. The program consisted of two types: type 1, where two to four students formed a group, which was assigned to a particular department to participate and make observations during ward rounds, outpatient clinics, examinations, procedures, and surgeries (in the case of basic laboratory work, the students partook in experimental observations); and type 2, where one student followed a medical school professor to observe the professor’s day. After the program ended, an online survey was conducted to investigate the effects on students, their thoughts, and satisfaction levels.Results: In total, 114 students (91.2%) responded to the survey. Approximately 94% of them were satisfied with the program. They found that the program would be useful for deciding on future career paths, gaining knowledge about a department of interest, studying for a medical program after premedical studies, and befriending residents and professors in certain departments. Conclusion: Early clinical and basic laboratory exposure programs are recommended for premedical students.
Robotic Online Competition: Experience and Resources
Authors: Ovsyannikov A.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the experience of preparing and conducting an online robotic competition in a virtual environment. This approach allows you to cover remote participants in the competition, including those in different countries, based on the use of a robot model control simulator based on programming. Competitors get the opportunity to creatively apply programming skills in an applied robotic environment for various models of virtual robots and their control areas.
The Current State of Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence as a Means of Digitalization of the Educational Process in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Andreiev Pavlo , Dubovoi Oleksandr ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Dubovoi Volodymyr ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: July 2022

The level and development of an effective mechanism for the formation of physical culture and sports among the younger generation is one of the priorities of the internal policy of the state in order to form a healthy and competitive nation that is resistant to internal and foreign policy changes. Society today is at the stage of active development and implementation of digitalization in all spheres of public relations, including in the field of physical culture and sports. The advantages of digital transformation are obvious, this is a colossal step forward for humanity, opening up broad prospects and opportunities for a huge range of people. This article analyzes the prospects and current state of the digital transformation of the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine. Analytical data on the general level of involvement of citizens in sports and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are given. The influence of digital and information technologies on the society of a single country is studied. The main problems of the level of digital transformation in the field of physical culture and sports are also highlighted and possible solutions to the problems outlined are given. The experience of other countries in the application of artificial intelligence in the educational process and training in the field of physical culture and sports is also considered. The expediency of integrating digital methods into the learning process, as well as into the process of preparing athletes for competitive activities, is substantiated. The main advantages of modern digital methods of data analysis and processing are formulated.
Peculiarities of Scientific and Pedagogical Competencies of a Trainer-Teacher as a Psychological and Pedagogical Problem
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pavliuk Olena , Brusak Oleksandr ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to highlighting the issue of the features of the scientific and pedagogical competencies of a trainer-teacher as a psychological and pedagogical problem. To reveal the features of the scientific and pedagogical competencies of the trainer-teacher as a psychological and pedagogical problem, the main concepts of scientific research were characterized ‒ «trainer-teacher» and «competence». It is proved that scientific and pedagogical activity in higher educational institutions is an obligatory component of the educational process and is carried out in order to ensure the integration of scientific, educational and industrial activities. In the process of highlighting the issue of the scientific and pedagogical competence of a trainer-teacher as a psychological and pedagogical problem, it was established that the profession of a trainer (trainer-teacher) belongs to the pedagogical professions and includes the same components as the profession of a teacher, however, it has its own characteristics that depend how sports develop, how training methods change, how society develops, etc. Researchers have determined the requirements for the professional competence of a future scientific and pedagogical worker. The most important aspects that are relevant for our scientific research are highlighted, namely: high professional competence; pedagogical competence. The process of professional development of future trainers-teachers is directly related to professional training based on the acquisition of relevant competencies and lifelong learning. In the course of the study, the features of the scientific and pedagogical competencies of a trainer-teacher as a psychological and pedagogical problem were highlighted: firstly, the organization of the educational and training process of trainers-teachers by educational institutions to form a list of competencies defined by the standard; secondly, constant self-development, self-analysis and self-improvement in the formation and development of general and professional competencies of a specialist in the studied industry.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Physical Therapy Program for Protrusions of the Intervertebral Discs of the Cervical Spine
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Radchenko Alina
Published: July 2022

A significant place in the article is devoted to the means of physical therapy and the evaluation of the effectiveness of physical therapy for protrusions of the intervertebral discs of the cervical spine. The features of the cervical spine is a complex anatomical organization, which determines its high biomechanical mobility. Currently, most people have a sedentary, sedentary lifestyle. Of all the muscle groups, only the muscles of the trunk and neck carry a constant load, which, with their small but constant static tension, maintain and maintain work and household postures. With an increase in fatigue of the muscles of the trunk and neck, their depreciation function is taken over by the structures of the spine. With an unchanged lifestyle, secondary degenerative changes develop in it, primarily in the intervertebral discs. This causes the occurrence of osteochondrosis, and then protrusion of the wilds of the cervical spine. In elderly and elderly patients, protrusions of the cervical spine are a risk factor for the development of age-related disorders of the blood supply to the brain and are often the cause of various encephalopathies and autonomic disorders. This disease, due to a severe and continuously relapsing process, leads to disability. The analysis of scientific works, familiarization with the results of theoretical developments of scientists and the practical experience of higher educational institutions on this issue made it possible to identify the features and effectiveness of some means of physical therapy. Among the modern and effective means of physical therapy are massage, therapeutic exercises, electrophoresis with novocaine, traction with a Glisson loop and wearing an orthopedic corset, diet therapy. On the basis of the program of physical therapy, the following indicators of its effectiveness were obtained: according to the visual analogue scale for assessing pain; goniometry indicators also gave positive changes; de Klein's test made it possible to suspect compression of the vertebral artery. The study confirms that the use of the methods that were used in the developed program are an effective means of recovery after an acute period of protrusion of the intervertebral discs of the cervical spine. Therefore, the study directly shows that the use of these methods of physical therapy gave positive changes in both direct movement in the cervical spine and the general condition of patients.
Falls 1: the scale and the importance of the problem
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: July 2022

Falls are the second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide and are a major health issue for older people. This article is the first in a series and aims to provide an overview of falls in the community and hospital setting, as well as the importance of holistic care. The series aims to educate readers on why older people are at risk of falling and what can be done to reduce the risk factors and enable people to remain healthy and well.
Microwave Synthesis of Triethanolamine-doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: J. Nancy  , V. Kalaiselvi  , B. Blessymol  , P. Yasotha  , M. Vishalatchi  , S. Pavithra
Published: July 2022

In this work, Triethanolamine-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical deposition, associated with the microwave irradiation method. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultra Violet - visible spectroscopy, Photo Luminescence Spectroscopy and Antimicrobial Activity. The prepared sample's surface morphology, crystalline size, functional groups, absorbance and band gap, and emission wavelength were calculated. Antimicrobial activity was performed to predict the zone of inhibition of synthesized nanoparticles.
A Case of Elderly Rheumatoid Arthritis with Fracture Cascade Triggered by Worsening Disease Activity
Authors: Kurose Rie , Wakai Yuji
Published: July 2022

Introduction:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have generalized bone loss and deterioration of bone quality, leading to a relatively higher risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. It has been previously reported that patients who cause fragility fractures such as vertebral fractures, had statistically higher scores of RA disease activity, but there are no case reports. Case Report:The case described in this report is an elderly woman with RA who was receiving treatment including glucocorticoids. Her state of RA activity had been in remission for a long time, and she was also receiving treatment to prevent osteoporosis. However, the worsening of the disease activity triggered a fracture cascade starting from a vertebral fracture and her activities of daily living deteriorated rapidly. Conclusion:This report highlights the difficulties in treating osteoporosis and preventing fragility fractures in an elderly patient with RA and the importance of managing RA disease activity. Keywords: Elderly patient, rheumatoid arthritis, fracture cascade, disease activity, osteoporosis.