bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of the Use of Locally Delivered Chlorhexidine in Periodontal Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Rodrigues Ivana Ferreira Gomes , Machion Luciana , Casati Marcio Zafalon , Nociti Francisco Humberto , de Toledo Sergio , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antonio
Published: April 2007

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate clinically the effectiveness of a chlorhexidine gluconate chip in sites still showing signs of disease during periodontal maintenance therapy.

Methods: Forty‐two maintenance non‐smoking patients (previously treated with non‐surgical scaling and root planing [SRP]), presenting at least one probing depth (PD) of 5 to 8 mm, and bleeding on probing (BOP) at single‐rooted teeth were assigned randomly to two groups: treated with a chlorhexidine gluconate chip (CHIP group) and treated with SRP (SRP group). Patients were assessed for plaque index, gingival index, BOP, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months.

Results: Both treatments resulted in improvements in all parameters evaluated. After 6 months, a reduction in PD of 2.64 ± 0.02 mm and 2.12 ± 0.02 mm was observed for CHIP and SRP groups, respectively (P >0.05). The observed gain in CAL was 2.19 ± 0.87 mm and 2.07 ± 1.53 mm for CHIP and SRP groups, respectively (P >0.05). In deep pockets, PD reduction was 3.60 ± 0.70 mm for CHIP group and 2.83 ± 0.62 mm for SRP group (P = 0.01).

Conclusions: Both treatments were equally effective in periodontal health reestablishment in inflamed single‐root sites of maintenance patients. However, for deep pockets, the chlorhexidine gluconate chip was more effective than SRP in reducing PD.
Cementum Crack Formation by Repeated Loading In Vitro
Authors: Noma Noriyoshi , Kakigawa Hiroshi , Kozono Yoshio , Yokota Makoto
Published: April 2007

Background: In this study, the hypothesis was adopted that fatigue destruction may develop on the cementum of the root surface because of the repeated occlusal stresses loaded on the tooth as in the case of prolonged occlusal trauma. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether cemental fatigue destruction occurs when repeated stresses are loaded on the occlusal surface of a tooth.

Methods: The teeth used were five human mandible premolars from individuals 14 to 22 years of age. The teeth were freshly extracted in orthodontic treatment. They were free of decay and fillings, and their roots were straight. One half of the root was embedded in cold curing acrylic resin, and a compressive load of 5.0 kgf was repeatedly applied along the tooth axis in water 1 million times with a speed of one time per second. Changes in the tooth surface were observed by taking photographs with a stereoscopic microscope and a digital camera after every 100,000 loadings. Cracks were dyed with 2% methylene blue solution, and crack areas were measured using gray‐scaled and binary‐processed photographs. Data were analyzed using image analysis software.

Results: It was confirmed that cracks significantly developed on the buccal, mesial, and distal surfaces but not on the lingual surface; crack areas showed a tendency to significantly increase after 500,000 loadings; extension of the crack from the cemento‐enamel junction to the root apex increased with time, and the average extension was 0.67 ± 0.12 mm after 1 million loadings.

Conclusion: This study revealed that cementum cracks developed in the cervix by repeated loadings and extended toward the root apex with time, suggesting that repeated stresses by occlusion or strong stresses such as by bruxism may trigger the development of site‐specific attachment loss, which is one of the potential factors inducing periodontal diseases.
Osmotic Pressure and Vasculature of Gingiva in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sakallıoğlu Elif Eser , Ayas Bülent , Sakallıoğlu Umur , Yavuz Ümit , Açıkgöz Gökhan , Fıratlı Erhan
Published: April 2007

Background: Alterations in tissue osmotic pressure (OP) and vasculature are considered to be the inevitable aspects of an inflammatory process that subsequently alter the fluid dynamics of the tissues involved. The aim of this study was to reveal a profile of OP and vascular changes in periodontally healthy gingival tissues and analyze the relationship between them in diabetes mellitus (DM) to evaluate the possible effects of DM on the fluid dynamics of the periodontium.

Methods: Experimental DM was created by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection in 10 periodontally healthy rats. These rats were used as the test group, and 10 systemically and periodontally healthy rats served as the control group. Gingival tissue samples obtained from the groups were used for the test procedures. OP was measured in the supernatants of these samples by a semimicrodigital osmometer. Vasculature was assessed as the alterations in vascularization (vessel number [VN]) and vasodilatation (vessel diameter [VD]) by histomorphometric means.

Results: There was a gross increase in the OP level of the test group (172.7 ± 59.7 mOsm/kg) compared to the control group (11.4 ± 4.2 mOsm/kg; P <0.001). VN was found to be significantly larger in the test group (12.7 ± 2.8) than in the control group (6.8 ± 1.1; P <0.001). VD was found to be smaller in the test group (10.1 ± 2.8 μm) than in the control group (15.5 ± 2.4 μm), and this difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). A positive correlation between OP and VN (r = 0.77; P <0.001) and a negative correlation between OP and VD (r = 0.1; P >0.05) were observed in the test group.

Conclusion: Our results reveal that the fluid dynamics of periodontal soft tissues may be affected by the diabetic conditions in this diabetic model because of the increased OP and VN during the pathogenesis of the disease.
Oral Aspects of Gaucher's Disease: A Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Horwitz Jacob , Hirsh Ilan , Machtei Eli E.
Published: April 2007

Background: Gaucher's disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disease with a high incidence in Ashkenazi Jews. The disease is caused by an autosomally recessive inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, leading to the accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophages. The lipid‐laden macrophages, called Gaucher cells, can be detected in liver, spleen, and bone marrow tissues.

Methods: A case report of periodontal treatment of a 47‐year‐old female patient with GD with recurrent gingival hemorrhage and toothache is presented. Periapical radiographs revealed cyst‐like lesions in the mandibular premolar‐molar regions accompanied by severe apical root resorption, enlargement of the periodontal ligament and bone‐marrow spaces, and loss of trabecular structure and radiopaque appearance of bone. An abnormally narrow and sharp coronoid process and effacement of the cortical borders of the mandibular canal were noted.

Results: The patient was diagnosed as having generalized severe chronic periodontitis. Treatment included oral hygiene motivation and instructions, scaling, root planing, and access flap therapy, resulting in resolution of periodontal signs and symptoms and a marked improvement in the patient's feeling of well being.

Conclusions: Periodontal treatment can be effective in patients with GD. Oral findings may lead to early detection of GD, especially in the absence of clinical symptoms. Dentists should be aware of possible oral and radiographic manifestations of the disease and the role of periodontal treatment in improving patient's oral health and quality of life.
Evidence of Periopathogenic Microorganisms in Placentas of Women With Preeclampsia
Authors: Barak Shlomi , Oettinger‐Barak Orit , Machtei Eli E. , Sprecher Hannah , Ohel Gonen
Published: April 2007

Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory infectious disease that may act as a focus of infection. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy‐specific hypertensive disorder that often leads to maternal morbidity and mortality. Acute atherosis, the placental lesion of preeclampsia, shares many histopathological features with atherosclerosis. Recently, chronic infection was linked to the initiation of atherosclerosis. Oral pathogens have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques, where they may play a role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to explore the possibility that periopathogenic bacteria may translocate into the placental tissues of women with preeclampsia.

Methods: Samples were taken from 16 placentas obtained from cesarean sections of women with preeclampsia and from 14 age‐matched healthy pregnant women. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola.

Results: Eight of the 16 (50%) placenta specimens were positive for one or more periopathogenic bacteria in the preeclampsia group, compared to only two of the 14 samples (14.3%) from controls. Bacterial counts were statistically significantly higher in the preeclampsia group for all of the periopathogenic bacteria examined (P ≤0.0055). Although all of the target periopathogenic bacteria were found in the preeclampsia group, only three (P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola) were found in the control group.

Conclusion: The significant presence of periopathogenic microorganisms or their products in human placentas of women with preeclampsia may suggest a possible contribution of periopathogenic bacteria to the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
Online assessment and evaluation
Authors: Rocco Stevie
Published: March 2007

This discussion on assessment and evaluation in the online environment includes the use of different forms of rubrics.
Thixoforming of Steels – A Status Report
Authors: Püttgen W. , Bleck W. , Hirt G. , Shimahara H.
Published: April 2007

The thixoforming of metals is a new forming technology, which combines the advantages of casting and forging and focuses on the production of structural components with complex shapes. Various components made of aluminium and magnesium are already industrially produced. Apart from this, using steels in the thixoforming processes is still a matter of research. This paper summarises the state of the art of steel thixoforming. Besides relevant material and process parameters, different process routes, numerical modelling techniques, and tool requirements are discussed. In addition, thixoformed prototypes of different steel grades are presented and evaluated with defect index cards, which characterise occurring defects and give suggestions how to avoid them. The design of suitable tool materials and tool concepts, the development of heating strategies which provide a homogeneous temperature distribution, and the development of thixoformable steels are main topics of current research. This paper focuses on the technology of steel thixoforming with regard to the material requirements, the production processes, and the accompanying current technical problems.
ESR Refining Potential for Titanium Alloys using a CaF2‐based Active Slag
Authors: Stoephasius J.‐C. , Reitz J. , Friedrich B.
Published: April 2007

Since the end of the Cold War and due to the needs to produce titanium more cost‐efficient and thus more attractive for its civilian use, the electroslag remelting (ESR) process has become an increasingly important topic of international research programmes, because titanium and titanium aluminides can be chemically refined by ESR in some degree. Using ESR, titanium turnings from machining steps and scrap from foundries can be remelted, refined and provided as secondary titanium for the market at relatively favourable prices. This article investigates the removability of the main impurities out of titanium and titanium‐aluminium alloys by electroslag remelting using the active slag system CaF2‐Ca‐(CaO). Thermochemical and kinetic aspects of the ESR process are considered.
ADI Lost‐Foam: Synergy of Process and Material
Authors: dos Santos D. , Vroomen U. , Bührig‐Polaczek A.
Published: April 2007

A consortium of SME and RTD partners from Germany, Poland, Italy and Finland was established in the ambit of the fifth European framework programme for the development of a process that combined Lost‐Foam with a high performance ADI – Austempered Ductile Iron Cast Iron.

In the Lost‐Foam process foam patterns are used as models for complex and near net shape castings. These models are coated with a special refractory paint. The models are surrounded by unbonded sand and then filled with liquid metal. As the alloyed ductile iron melt decomposes the foam, the coating material is of great importance for the effective extraction of the foam decomposition products. By means of a posterior special heat treatment it is possible to achieve tensile strengths ranging from 800 to 1600 MPa with elongations ranging from 1 % to 12 %. The main achievements of the performed investigations were the development of the alloy and respective heat treatment parameters for the base ductile iron as well as a suitable coating material. Moreover, these investigations showed that it is possible to produce ADI castings capable of achieving the same mechanical properties as forged steel crankshafts with a significant weight reduction. Additionally, the production of such castings through the Lost‐Foam process have a yield of more than 87 % as opposed to the typical yield of the traditional green sand process which can reach 55 %.
Synthesis, Characterization and Structure Effects on Extractability and Selectivity of N,N'‐Bis(Salicylaldehydene) ‐ 1,4‐Bis‐(m‐Aminophenoxy)Butane towards some Divalent Cations
Authors: Ziyadanoğullari Berrin , Ceviziçi Deniz , Temel Hamdi , Guzel Remziye
Published: April 2007

The extraction of copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) from the aqueous phase with N,N'‐bis(salicylaldehydene)‐1,4‐bis‐(m‐aminophenoxy)butane (MAS), which was synthesized from 1,4‐bis(m‐aminophenoxy)butane and salicylaldehyde, was studied. Microanalytical data, elemental analysis, UV‐visible 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra and IR‐spectra were used to confirm the structures. The extractability and selectivity of divalent cations were evaluated as a function of relationship between distribution ratio of the metal and pH or ligand concentration. Cu+2 showed the highest extractability and selectivity at pH 6.0, whereas Ni+2 and Co+2 showed at pH 9.2. The stoichiometries of the compounds formed were estimated to be CuL, CoL, NiL, where L is N,N'‐bis(salicylaldehydene)‐1,4‐bis‐(m‐aminophenoxy)butane. It was concluded that MAS can effectively be used in solvent extraction of copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) from the aqeous phase to the organic phase.
Efficient High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Liquid‐Liquid Partition Cleanup Method for the Determination of Pymetrozine in Tobacco
Authors: Zhang Xian , Cheng Xinsheng , Wang Chuanqin , Xi Zheng , Li Qiuhua
Published: April 2007

For the first time, a novel, simple and reliable method for analysis of pymetrozine residues in flue‐cured tobacco leaves has been developed utilizing HPLC‐UV with liquid‐liquid partition cleanup. Pre‐treatment with ultrasonic extraction and liquid‐liquid partition procedures gave preferable baseline separation and clean chromatograms by removing water‐soluble and fat‐soluble components which interfere with pymetrozine in the test. The performance of the method was evaluated and validated: the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005μg.mL‐1, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.2 % (n=5), and the overall recovery was above 90 % at fortification levels of 0.200, 0.500, 1.000, and 5.000 mg.kg‐1. The proposed method was successfully employed for the determination of pymetrozine residues in twelve flue‐cured tobacco samples collected from different regions of China.
Simultaneous Preconcentration of Copper, Nickel, Cobalt and Lead Ions Prior to Their Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination
Authors: Ghaedi Mehrorang , Ahmadi Farshid , Soylak Mustafa
Published: April 2007

A sensitive and simple method for the simultaneous preconcentration of nutritionally important minerals in real samples has been reported. The method is based on the adsorption of Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Pb2+ on 4‐propyl‐2‐thiouracil (PUT) loaded on activated carbon. The metals on the complexes are eluted using 5 mL 3 M HNO3 in acetone. The influences of the analytical parameters including pH and sample volume were investigated. The effects of matrix ions on the retentions of the analytes were also examined. The recoveries of analytes were generally higher than 95 %. The detection limits for Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Pb2+ were 1.6, 1.3, 1.2, 2.3 ng ml‐1, respectively. The method has been successfully applied for these metals content evaluation in some real samples including natural water samples.
A cross‐setting study of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality structure and development: zoological parks and Yerkes National Primate Research Center
Authors: Weiss Alexander , King James E. , Hopkins William D.
Published: March 2007

This study addressed whether personality ratings using a 43 adjective questionnaire based on the Five‐Factor Model generalized from a sample of 202 zoo‐housed chimpanzees to a sample of 175 chimpanzees housed in Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Mean interrater reliabilities of adjectival ratings were lower for the chimpanzees housed in Yerkes. In addition, rank order of the interrater reliabilities of items differed between settings. To compare factor structure, we first examined whether we could replicate the original six factor structure found in an earlier study of 100 zoo chimpanzees using principal factors analysis in the Yerkes sample and 102 new zoo chimpanzees. The dominance, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness factors were clearly replicated in the Yerkes sample and the 102 new zoo chimpanzees. The Neuroticism and Openness factors did not replicate in the Yerkes sample, but they also did not replicate in the new zoo chimpanzees. These findings suggest the need to sample more adjectives representing neuroticism and openness in future versions of the questionnaire. We next sought to determine whether factor structure, as determined by principal components analysis, remained invariant across the two settings. This analysis revealed dominance, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness factors in both settings and a high level of congruence between the zoo and Yerkes samples for these factors. Finally, we tested whether factor scores in the two samples were similarly related to age and sex. With the exception of differences in age effects for dominance and agreeableness, age, and sex effects were consistent across samples. These findings suggest that, whereas there may be differences in the ease with which ratings are made, personality structure, and development are largely consistent across widely differing settings. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1264–1277, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and electrochemical sensing behaviour of a new ferrocene functionalized tet ‘a’ macrocyclic receptor towards transition metal ions
Authors: Krishnapriya K. R. , Sampath N. , Ponnuswamy M. N. , Kandaswamy M.
Published: April 2007

A new ferrocene functionalized macrocyclic receptor 1,8‐bis(ferrocenylmethyl)‐5,5,7,12,12,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane (R) has been designed and synthesized to study its potential application as chemosensor. The receptor has been characterized by spectral techniques and X‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pcab with four molecules in a unit cell (half‐a‐molecule in the asymmetric unit). The electrochemical studies of the receptor in dioxane–water (7:3 v/v, 25 °C) indicate that the receptor is pH‐dependent with a displacement of E1/2 to more anodic potentials with a decrease in the pH from 12 to 5. The electrochemical behaviour of R was also studied in the presence of Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in dioxane–water (7:3 v/v, 25 °C, [Bun4N][ClO4]), showing that upon complexation the ferrocene–ferrocenium half‐wave potential shifts anodically in relation to that of the free receptor. The maximum electrochemical shift (ΔE1/2) of 46 mV was found in the presence of Cu2+, followed by Co2+ (20 mV), Mn2+ (15 mV), Ni2+ (13 mV) and Zn2+ (9 mV). Moreover, the receptor R is able to electrochemically and selectively sense Cu2+ in the presence of the other transition metal cations studied. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared spectroscopic monitoring of urea addition to oriented strandboard resins
Authors: So Chi‐Leung , Eberhardt Thomas L. , Hsu Ernest , Via Brian K. , Hse Chung Y.
Published: April 2007

One of the variables in phenol formaldehyde adhesive resin formulation is the addition of urea, which allows the resin manufacturer to manipulate both product functionality and cost. Nitrogen content can be used as a measure of the level of urea addition because most of the nitrogen present is derived from urea added at the end of the preparation process. Nitrogen analyses of a set of commercial oriented strandboard resins were first determined by combustion analysis. IR spectroscopic data were then collected and used along with the values for nitrogen content to generate predictive models. First, principal component analysis demonstrated the ability to separate resin mixtures from low to high nitrogen content. Partial least squares regression was then performed and gave excellent correlations between the measured and predicted nitrogen contents for a set of unrelated (test) resins and a set of mixtures prepared through combinations of resins with known nitrogen contents. Similar results were obtained on both a wet and dry mass basis. Given the flexibility of this instrumentation, such analyses could be placed in‐line for real time monitoring of resin applied during panel manufacturing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JAppl Polym Sci 2007
Birefringent characterization of necking phenomenon along cold‐drawn polypropylene fibers. I. Offline drawing
Authors: El‐Dessouky Hassan M.
Published: April 2007

An automated two‐beam interference Pluta microscope was used to measure the optical anisotropy or birefringence of polymer fibers. A sample of polypropylene (PP) fibers was used and cold‐drawn to low draw ratios. The neck shoulder “necking” was micro‐detected at draw ratio 1.3 and characterized using the measured thickness and birefringence along the drawn PP fiber. Birefringence profiles at different regions along deformed PP fiber were determined to confirm the effect of necking on these fibers. The influence of this phenomenon on the molecular orientation function of PP fibers was presented. The strong dependence of the birefringence on the thickness was formulated analytically at the necked zone of the drawn PP fiber. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Overcoming the winner's curse: an adaptive learning perspective
Authors: Bereby‐Meyer Yoella , Grosskopf Brit
Published: April 2007

The winner's curse phenomenon refers to the fact that the winner in a common value auction, in order to actually win the auction, is likely to have overestimated the item's value and consequently is likely to gain less than expected and may even lose (i.e., it is said to be “cursed”). Past research, using the “Acquiring a company” task has shown that people do not overcome this bias even after they receive extensive feedback. We suggest that the persistence of the winner's curse is due to a combination of two factors: variability in the environment that leads to ambiguous feedback (i.e., choices and outcomes are only partially correlated) and the tendency of decision makers to learn adaptively. We show in an experiment that by reducing the variance in the feedback, performance can be significantly improved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ca1.5Eu3Sn0.5O7: A Calcium Europium Tin Oxide with a Novel Structure.
Authors: Kaminaga Yusuke , Yamada Takahiro , Yamane Hisanori
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure, Magnetic Properties and 151Eu, 119Sn Moessbauer Spectroscopy of Eu5Sn3S12 and Eu4LuSn3S12.
Authors: Jakubcova Petra , Johrendt Dirk , Sebastian C. Peter , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supported Pt—Co Catalysts for Selective CO Oxidation in a Hydrogen‐Rich Stream.
Authors: Ko Eun‐Yong , Park Eun Duck , Lee Hyun Chul , Lee Doohwan , Kim Soonho
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
GaCl3‐Catalyzed Chloroacylation of Alkynes: A Simple, Convenient and Efficient Method to β‐Chlorovinyl Ketones.
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Zeng Changying , Ren Lianjun , Liao Wenhui , Huang Xian
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of 4‐Arylphenol Trimethylsilyl Ethers to p‐Arylquinols Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents.
Authors: Felpin Francois‐Xavier
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Catalyzed Amidation of Allylic and Benzylic C—H Bonds.
Authors: Pelletier Guillaume , Powell David A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxovanadium(V)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Biaryl Synthesis from Organoborate under O2.
Authors: Mizuno Hidenori , Sakurai Hidehiro , Amaya Toru , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel(II) Complexes of Bidentate N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Phosphine Ligands: Efficient Catalysts for Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Lee Chun‐Chin , Ke Wei‐Chi , Chan Kai‐Ting , Lai Chun‐Liang , Hu Ching‐Han , Lee Hon Man
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Tricyclic Carbon Frameworks from a Triple‐Cascade/Diels—Alder Sequence.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Huettl Matthias R. M. , Runsink Jan , Raabe Gerhard , Wendt Bianca
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Enantiopure 2‐Acylazetidine and Their Reactions with Chloroformates.
Authors: Ma Sang‐ho , Yoon Doo Ha , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Lee Won Koo
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of γ‐Aryl‐γ‐butyrolactones by Sequential Asymmetric Epoxidation, Ring Expansion, and Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation.
Authors: Wang Bin , Shen Yu‐Mei , Shi Yian
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Cyclization of N‐Alkenylamides Using a Chloramine‐T/I2 System.
Authors: Morino Yoshinobu , Hidaka Ikumasa , Oderaotoshi Yoji , Komatsu Mitsuo , Minakata Satoshi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and (E/Z) Determination of Substituted 2‐Phenylimidazoles.
Authors: Szotkowski Tomas , Bures Filip , Pytela Oldrich , Kulhanek Jiri , Travnicek Zdenek
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Three‐Component Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines Catalyzed by Iridium(III) Complex.
Authors: Nakajima Takayuki , Inada Takashi , Igarashi Takeyuki , Sekioka Tadashi , Shimizu Isao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Application of the Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Trifonov V. V. , Goncharov V. I. , Aksenov A. V.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2,6‐Diamino‐5‐[(2‐substituted phenylamino)ethyl]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one as Inhibitors of Folate Metabolizing Enzymes.
Authors: Gangjee Aleem , Wang Ying , Queener Sherry F. , Kisliuk Roy L.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three‐Component Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐5‐cyano‐2‐hetarylaminopyrimidines.
Authors: Shikhaliev Kh. S. , Kryl'skaya V. I. , Potapov A. Yu.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chimeras of Proline and Glutamate.
Authors: Kudryavtsev Konstantin V. , Tsentalovich Mikhail Yu. , Yegorov Anton S. , Kolychev Eugene L.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐2‐epi‐Validamine.
Authors: Okamura Hiroaki , Nagaike Hiroshi , Kipassa Nsiama Tienabe , Iwagawa Tetsuo , Nakatani Munehiro
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Arabidopside F, a New Oxylipin from Arabidopsis thaliana.
Authors: Nakajyo Haruyuki , Hisamatsu Yosuke , Sekiguchi Mitsuhiro , Goto Nobuharu , Hasegawa Koji , Shigemori Hideyuki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Uncommon 5‐Methoxyisoflavans from Desmodium canum.
Authors: de Andrade Lima Claudia Sampaio , Zappia Giovanni , Delle Monache Giuliano , Botta Bruno
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Rishirilide B: Development and Application of General Processes for Enantioselective Oxidative Dearomatization of Resorcinol Derivatives.
Authors: Mejorado Lupe H. , Pettus Thomas R. R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Towards Large Scale Production of CNF for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Kvande I. , Yu Z. , Zhao T. , Ronning M. , Holmen A. , Chen D.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structures and Oxide Mobility in Bi—Ln—O Materials: Heritage of Bi2O3
Authors: Drache Michel , Roussel Pascal , Wignacourt Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Ciguatoxin CTX3C — A Venture into the Problems of Ciguatera Seafood Poisoning
Authors: Hirama Masahiro
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of the Diboron Compounds
Authors: Abu Ali H. , Dembitsky V. M. , Srebnik M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Bruno Ines , Dambruoso Paolo , Terracciano Stefania , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Reactions Using Environmentally Friendly Reagents and Catalysts: Asymmetric Synthesis vs. Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorocyclobutanes
Authors: Percy J. M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Spiroketal Containing Natural Products: Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Approaches
Authors: El Sous Mariana , Ganame Danny , Zanatta Shannon , Rizzacasa Mark A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“Four‐Dimensional” Protein Structures: Examples from Metalloproteins
Authors: Fragai Marco , Luchinat Claudio , Parigi Giacomo
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homology Modeling of the Serotonin Transporter: Insights into the Primary Escitalopram‐binding Site
Authors: Jørgensen Anne Marie , Tagmose Lena , Jørgensen Anne Marie M. , Topiol Sid , Sabio Michael , Gundertofte Klaus , Bøgesø Klaus P. , Peters Günther H.
Published: April 2007

The serotonin transporter (SERT) is one of the neurotransmitter transporters that plays a critical role in the regulation of endogenous amine concentrations and therefore is an important target for therapeutic agents affecting the central nervous system. The recently published, high resolution X‐ray structure of the closely related amino acid transporter,Aquifex aeolicusleucine transporter (LeuT), provides an opportunity to develop a three‐dimensional model of the structure of SERT. We present herein a homology model of SERT using LeuT as the template and containing escitalopram as a bound ligand. Our model explains selectivities known from mutational studies and varying ligand data, which are discussed and illustrated in the paper.
New Fused Triazinium Systems from (Alkoxycarbonyl)azinium N‐Aminides
Authors: Valenciano Jesús , Sánchez‐Pavón Esmeralda , Cuadro Ana M. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: March 2007

2‐(Alkoxycarbonyl)cycloimmonium N‐aminides are efficient 1,4‐dipoles that react with different types of reagents such as carbodiimides, benzoyliso(thio)cyanates and heterocyclicimidoyl chlorides to give new heterobetaines containing fused [1,2,4]triazinium systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Photoautotrophic Cell and Tissue Culture in a Tubular Photobioreactor
Authors: Perner‐Nochta I. , Lucumi A. , Posten C.
Published: March 2007

An externally illuminated tubular photobioreactor was constructed from 3.4 m stainless steel tubes and 22.1 m glass tubes for the cultivation of photoautotrophic organisms. The 30‐L reactor can be equipped with helical static mixers in order to create a uniform radial exchange within the tubes, 40 mm in diameter. A flexible construction of the reactor allows scale‐down experiments to be carried out with axial velocities between 0.3–2.5 m/s, gassing‐in rates of 0–0.5 L/min, kL a values of 0.002–0.006 s–1 and six metal halide lamps inducing photon flux densities in the range of 70–300 μE/m2s. Two model organisms, the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, were chosen to characterize cell growth and physiology in submerse cultures. Comparative experiments with Chlorella vulgaris in two configurations of the reactor with inserted helical static mixers and plates resulted in maximum growth rates of 1.6 d–1. No growth enhancement was obtained in the case of helical static mixers at a mean PFD of 150 μE/m2s and an axial velocity of 0.4 m/s. No homogenous flow could be obtained in the case of inserted plates. Physcomitrella patens was successfully cultivated in the reactor (μ = 0.36 d–1), whereas average axial velocities of ca. 0.6 m/s guarantee favorable gas transport without contributing to cell damage. This makes tubular photobioreactors a promising production system for the production of glycosylated recombinant proteins derived from moss.
Rotation effects on measurements of lateral motion
Authors: Rainer J. H.
Published: March 2007

Inertial transducers that measure horizontal movement are affected by rotation of the measurement location. In this paper, the effect of rotation is expressed quantitatively as a fraction of the translational signal amplitude and is shown to depend inversely on the effective radius of rotation of the measurement location and the square of the frequency component of the signal.

Correction procedures are presented for various cases that arise in the determination of modal amplitudes and mode shapes for tower structures, suspension bridges and frame building structures. Specific numerical results are included for the CN Tower and the Commerce Court Building in Toronto, Canada, and the Lions' Gate Suspension Bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia. Rotational effects on signals obtained from horizontal transducers can be significant for very low frequency tower structures and suspension bridges, but are not likely to be of importance for frame buildings.
The effect of axial inertia on the bending eigenfrequencies of a timoshenko two‐bar frame
Authors: Kounadis A. N. , Sophianopoulos D.
Published: March 2007

The equations of free lateral vibrations of a uniform Timoshenko two‐bar frame including the effects of axial motion and joint mass with its rotational inertia are presented. The influence on the flexural eigenfrequencies of the axial motion alone or in combination with other parameters is fully assessed and thoroughly discussed. These parameters are: the translational and rotational inertia of the joint mass, the transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia, the length, stiffness and slenderness ratios of the two bars of the frame.

The variety of numerical results presented herein leads to the important finding that for framed structures the effect of axial inertia on the flexural eigenfrequencies alone or in combination with the foregoing parameters may be considerable. In particular, if the joint mass should be accounted for, the foregoing effect cannot be ignored, since it leads, in general, to considerable errors even for frames with relatively slender bars.
Rotational components of the surface ground motion during an earthquake
Authors: Castellani A. , Boffi G.
Published: March 2007

Under the assumption of an immovable point source for the earthquake energy release, a mathematical model is developed to compute the components of the free field surface rotation consistent with assigned translational components.

Experimental evidence on these quantities is offered by the strong‐motion instrument arrays. However, lack of adequate identification of the different wave contributions prevents in general a direct measurement of rotational and torsional components, allowing only a qualitative assessment of just how large these components might be. The only exceptions are the records of SMART‐1, which offer the entire information to derive rotations.

The available data of strong‐motion instrument arrays for this problem are summarized in Table I. They are in qualitative agreement with the suggestions of the mathematical model.

Earthquake response spectra for the rotational components are developed for a few selected cases, in particular a rotational spectrum consistent with the prescription of USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.60.

The correlations between the translational and rotational components of the ground motion are also shown.
Frequency response functions for arch dams: Hydrodynamic and foundation flexibility effects
Authors: Fok Ka‐Lun , Chopra Anil K.
Published: March 2007

The linear response of a selected arch dam to harmonic upstream, cross‐stream or vertical ground motion is presented for a wide range of the important system parameters characterizing the properties of the dam, impounded water, reservoir boundary materials and foundation rock. Based on these frequency response functions, the hydrodynamic and foundation flexibility effects in the dynamic response of arch dams are investigated.
On the dynamic response of rigid body assemblies
Authors: Allen R. H. , Oppenheim I. J. , Parker A. R. , Bielak J.
Published: March 2007

This paper examines dynamic response of a type of structural system that exhibits a significant degree of rigid body motion during earthquakes. An assembly of two‐dimensional rigid prisms subjected to self‐imposed kinematic constraints is chosen as a representative model for this type of structure. The corresponding equations of motion are non‐linear and have coefficients with step discontinuities; they are generally non‐autonomous and comprise, in effect, 2N sets of N governing equations for an N degree‐of‐freedom model. Linearized time histories are presented for one and two degree‐of‐freedom systems. As expected, the response modes of the systems are poorly conditioned; small changes in input or geometry (or both) can create large changes in system response. By examining limiting cases of survival and failure for both analytical and probabilistic responses, some apparent trends in system behaviour have been discovered.
Dynamics of resilient‐friction base isolator (R‐FBI)
Authors: Mostaghel N. , Khodaverdian M.
Published: March 2007

The Resilient‐Friction Base Isolator (R‐FBI) is composed of a set of flat rings which can slide on each other with a central rubber core and/or peripheral rubber cores. In this base isolator the interfacial friction force acts in parallel with the elastic force in the rubber. It combines the beneficial effect of friction damping with that of the resiliency of rubber. The rubber cores distribute the sliding displacement and velocity along the height of the R‐FBI. They do not carry any vertical loads and are not vulcanized to the sliding rings.

The system's analytical model and the computer experimental results for both horizontal and vertical components of recorded ground motions and various levels of friction and damping are presented. These results clearly demonstrate the R‐FBI's potential as an effective aseismic base isolator.
Elimination of spurious higher‐mode response in pseudodynamic tests
Authors: Shing Pui‐Shum B. , Mahin Stephen A.
Published: March 2007

In a pseudodynamic test, errors in restoring‐force feedback are introduced into numerical computations. Some of these errors can excite the higher‐frequency response of the specimen. In this paper, the use of viscous and numerical dampings to eliminate spurious higher‐frequency effects is studied. Since the tangent stiffness of a non‐linear specimen cannot be measured accurately, initial‐stiffness‐dependent viscous damping is considered. In addition, an explicit integration algorithm with desired numerical damping properties is proposed and examined. The analytical and numerical studies presented indicate that viscous‐damping properties can be substantially changed by non‐linear deformations. For this reason, the use of numerical damping appears to be more advantageous.
Amplification factors for inelastic dynamic p–Δ effects in earthquake analysis
Authors: Bernal Dionisio
Published: March 2007

In the present study, the question of inelastic p–Δ effects is examined from the perspective of inelastic spectral ordinates. Inelastic acceleration response spectra are generated using a model which includes the effects of gravity; for each spectrum the ductility factor and the gravity load level (characterized by the stability coefficient) are held constant. Amplification spectra are generated by taking the ratio between spectra with and without gravity effects. The results are analysed statistically and a formula for the amplification factor as a function of the relevant parameters is obtained. Special care is taken to present a formulation that is simple and useful in the context of practical earthquake engineering design.

Some currently used p–Δ amplification factors are discussed in the light of the results obtained.
The use of reduced finite element models in system identification
Authors: Hoff C.
Published: April 2007

An a priori, analytical model in system identification of vibrating structures is improved by input and output measurements with least square fitting. The structure is modelled by the finite element method. Finite element models usually need a large number of degrees of freedom to simulate a small number of lower spectrum eigenfrequencies with accuracy. The large finite element model is reduced to a subspace of significant eigenfrequencies. The size of the subspace is chosen with regard to the frequency content of the measured data and the accuracy of the large analytical model. An identification method is formulated for the large analytical model. This procedure improves system parameters in the matrices of the large model by measured input and output data with a least square functional. The objective function is consistently reduced, so that the whole identification procedure can be performed in the small subspace. The proposed reduction method permits very large and accurate analytical models to be used, and it decreases the computational cost of the identification procedure significantly. The computational efficiency is demonstrated on an in situ experiment of a radar tower.