bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lightning for Energy and Material Uses: A Structured Review
Authors: Helman Daniel S.
Published: September 2020

The average atmospheric charge density of Earth is neutral. Charge built up from thunderstorms and lightning phenomena is offset by oceanic surface charging, and offers a source of energy that has not been harnessed broadly. Unfortunately, the total terrestrial energy of the Earth’s atmospheric electrical system is modest (250–500 MW) compared to industrial requirements: Innovations are likely to offer improvements to societal efficiency rather than broad transformations. Direct capture systems located in places with very high occurrence of lightning discharge can generate ≈1 kWh per year on average. Material processing via triggered lightning is limited to techniques that utilize rapid discharges, e.g., metal and glass preprocessing of materials, waste volume reduction, biomass energy conversion, where current prices make plasma‐arc processes prohibitive. Triggered lightning may be used to assist blasting of mountain rock; or as a high‐voltage input for processes such as nuclear fusion. Passive collection of atmospheric electricity is modest but may be used in urban agriculture to increase biomass production. Thunderstorm charge‐separation processes suggest a new class of electricity generators based on kinetic energy and material collision. Ball lightning suggests additional research in dusty plasmas. These methods are all at proof‐of‐concept or early translation stages.
The probability of reinforcement per trial affects post-trial responding and subsequent extinction, but not within-trial responding
Authors: Harris Justin , Kwok Dorothy
Published: September 2020

During magazine approach conditioning, rats do not discriminate between a conditioned stimulus (CS) that is consistently reinforced with food and a CS that is occasionally (partially) reinforced, as long as the CSs have the same overall reinforcement rate per second. This implies that rats are indifferent to the probability of reinforcement per trial. However, in the same rats, the per-trial reinforcement rate will affect subsequent extinction—responding extinguishes more rapidly for a CS that was consistently reinforced than for a partially reinforced CS. Here, we trained rats with consistently and partially reinforced CSs that were matched for overall reinforcement rate per second. We measured conditioned responding both during and immediately after the CSs. Differences in the per-trial probability of reinforcement did not affect the acquisition of responding during the CS, but did affect subsequent extinction of that responding, and also affected the post-CS response rates during conditioning. Indeed, CSs with the same probability of reinforcement per trial evoked the same amount of post-CS responding even when they differed in overall reinforcement rate and thus evoked different amounts of responding during the CS. We conclude that reinforcement rate per second controls rats’ acquisition of responding during the CS, but at the same time rats also learn specifically about the probability of reinforcement per trial. The latter learning affects the rats’ expectation of reinforcement as an outcome of the trial, which influences their ability to detect retrospectively that an opportunity for reinforcement was missed, and in turn drives extinction.
Impact of COVID-19 on the elderly
Authors: Pant Smriti , Subedi Madhusudan
Published: September 2020

While in most developed countries an adult of age 65 years and above is considered an elderly, in Nepal, its 60 years. There will be two billion people in old age category worldwide by 2050. This rise in number of ageing group presents many challenges; one such challenge was faced during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic. The aim of this narrative review is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on different aspects of life of the elderly. The impact of COVID-19 on the health of the elderly is greater compared to other age groups. Studies from around the world have showed that the risk of severity for COVID-19 is higher among the elderly. Many elderlies who got infected or died were healthcare personnel working in the frontline. Measures like physical distancing, movement restriction and home quarantine, all contributed to the increase in social isolation, especially for the elderly. This in turn could cause problems with their physical, mental, and cognitive health. Additionally, lack of a steady source of income and insufficiency of savings, many face financial crises. Despite efforts to help the old people, they have been enduring the harsh outcomes of the pandemic. To support and respect elderly their dignified life, a clear policy interventions and proper implementations are a must.
Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in meniscal tears
Authors: Thakur Abhishek Kumar
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Meniscal injuries of the knee are common indications for arthroscopic knee surgery. Most of the meniscal tears can be diagnosed by clinical evaluation alone. This study aims to test the accuracy of the commonly performed tests for meniscal tears in our set up.

Method: This was a prospective observational study of 32 symptomatic knees that underwent clinical evaluation followed by arthroscopy. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of three clinical tests (McMurray’s test, Apley’s compression test and Joint line tenderness) were calculated against arthroscopic findings.

Result: Among clinical tests, maximum sensitivity (94.44%) was with Joint Line Tenderness for Medial Meniscus Tear (MMT) and minimum (54.54%) with Apley’s Compression Test for Lateral meniscus Tear (LMT). Specificity was maximum (90.48%) with Joint Line Tenderness for LMT and minimum (64.28%) with Apley’s Compression Test for MMT. Diagnostic accuracy was maximum (90.6%) with McMurray’s test for LMT and minimum (75%) with Apley’s Compression Test for MMT and LMT.

Conclusion: All three clinical tests (McMurray’s, Apley’s compression and Joint line tenderness) were found reliable for diagnosing meniscus tears. Joint Line Tenderness had the best diagnostic accuracy followed by McMurray’s test.
Psycho-behavioural impact of ‘Lockdown’ due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An Online Survey
Authors: Gupta AK , Mehra A , Sahoo S. , Pokhrel P , Grover S
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Nepal entered into a lockdown mode since 24th March 2020 to control the spread of COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to evaluate the mental and behavioural impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on the general public of Nepal in terms of the point prevalence of sadness, anxiety, feelings and relationship issues due to lockdown.

Material And Method: It was a web-based cross-sectional survey conducted by using the Survey Monkey platform during 8th April 2020 and 29th April 2020. The link generated was circulated on Whatsapp platforms. Self-designed clinical profile was made to assess different feelings, leisure activities and relationship changes with family members that are not assessed using scale. The survey link was circulated starting from 8th April 2020 and was closed on 29th April 2020.

Results: Of the 142 participants about 35.9% reported being sad, 28.2% had anxiety and about 46.5% of the participants felt lonely. Fear of death (60.6%) and getting infected with corona (52.1%) were the most common stress. Most of them were involved in sexual activities (67.6%) and reading books (42.3%) during lockdown. Some (14.8% and 18.3%) reported marked improvement in relationships with parents and children respectively.

Conclusion: The present survey suggests that substantial proportion of the population do not report change in relationship despite reporting sadness, loneliness and change in daily activities. Therefore, social relationship and brotherhood need to be advised in addition to minimising emotional distancing during awareness programs related to COVID-19.
A Psychiatry Resident’s first experience in COVID Ward at Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Authors: Ghimire Pratistha
Published: September 2020

Not available.
PENGARUH AIPengaruh Air Rebusan terhadap Kualitas Ikan Kembung Rebus (Rastrelliger sp.)aR REBUSAN TERHADAP KUALITAS IKAN GEMBUNG REBUS (Rastrelliger sp)
Authors: Nugraha M.Yusri Dadan , Riyanto Riyanto , Amrul Hanifah Mutia Z.N
Published: September 2020

The research on bacterial testing on boiled water of boiled mackerel (Rastelliger sp) has been conducted. The study applied treatment of boiled water that is not replaced and is used continuously in several stages. This study aims to determine the effect of boiled water on the quality of fish production, and determine its effect on meat tectrus, gill color, and aromas. The study was conducted with a descriptive qualitative method. Boiled mackerel quality is measured using the total plate count method, which is to count the number of bacterial colonies in the water before boiling and after boiling.
Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Nelayan (Studi Kasus: Pada Kecamatan Medang Deras Kabupaten Batu Bara)
Authors: Arifin Delia , Harahap Gustami , Saleh Khairul Shaleh
Published: September 2020

The life of fishing communities is a real state of affairs can be expressed through the efforts of those who are affected by fishing season, the natural conditions are not conducive, the limited capital and a low level of education resulting in weak socio-economic circumstances. The purpose of this research is to know the level of well-being of fishing communities Medang Deras Coal District. The sample in the study as many as 30 people who represent a population that is of traditional fishing communities in district of Medang Deras Coal District. Analysis of data obtained from research results are analyzed using a quantitative descriptive method. The data obtained through the dissemination of the questionnaire will be calculated frequencies and presentasenya is then presented in the form of a single table. Analysis of the results of the research level of traditional fishing communities in district of Medang Deras shows that 60% of the respondents were categorized.
Relationships among Lifestyle Awareness, Age, and Lifestyle-related Diseases in
Healthy Japanese Community Residents
Authors: Nagal Masayo
Published: September 2020

Purpose: It is widely known that the risk of lifestyle-related diseases can be reduced by reviewing lifestyles, and a variety of efforts for their prevention, such as health education, are being implemented. This study examined community residents’ lifestyle awareness, examining their views on their health and lifestyles, age, and lifestyle related diseases.

Methods: Study subjects were 180 healthy people (28 men and 152 women) who participated in a health checkup. Participants answered a questionnaire about their awareness of health and lifestyle and their views of disorders. Subsequent measurements of speed of sound (SOS), acceleration plethysmography (APG), and visceral fat area (VFA) were also obtained.

Results: The results of the study suggest that age was correlated with some health-related attitudes and behaviors. When health awareness among members of a group is high, it is necessary to provide them with the required information and continuing intervention to motivate them to continue their health improvement.

Conclusion: It seems that health awareness influences lifestyle, and its improvement slows the progress of lifestyle related diseases and reduces the effects of aging.
Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Possibilities for Theology and Ethics
Authors: Cormie Lee F.
Published: September 2020

This article provides an introduction to a dialogue on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in shifting the horizons of ignorance and knowledge, inevitability and possibility, reality and hope, its implications for theology and religious studies, and the possible contributions of theology, religious studies, and the humanities to these earth-shaking dialogues.
The Influence of Posture on Instability Evaluation Using Flexion–Extension X-Ray Imaging in Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Shigematsu Hideki , Nakagawa Yoshiyuki , Takeshima Toshichika , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: September 2020

Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Purpose: To determine the optimal posture for instability evaluation using flexion–extension X-ray imaging in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. Overview of Literature: Currently, flexion–extension X-ray imaging is the most practical approach for the evaluation of lumbar instability. In flexion–extension X-ray imaging, achievement of the greatest segmental motion with flexion–extension movement is necessary. However, to our knowledge, currently, there is no standardized posture for determining lumbar instability. Methods: Twenty-three individuals with lumbar spondylosis related to the fourth vertebra underwent flexion–extension X-ray imaging in different postures (standing, sitting, and lateral decubitus positions), lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and low back pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) evaluation on the same day. Intervertebral angle, percent slippage, and intervertebral disc area ratio for different postures during flexion and extension were compared using Tukey’s method. The effect of low back pain and the association between MRI facet effusion and these measurements were investigated according to posture. Results: The percent slippage during extension (p=0.036), change in the percent slippage between flexion and extension (p=0.004), and change in the intervertebral angle (p=0.042) were significantly different between the sitting and lateral decubitus positions. There were also significant differences between the standing and lateral decubitus positions in the change in intervertebral angle (p=0.010). In patients with VAS score <40, there were significant differences in the intervertebral angle (p=0.011) between the standing and lateral decubitus positions, percent slippage (p=0.048), and intervertebral disk ratio (p=0.008) between the sitting and lateral decubitus positions. We found no relationship between MRI facet effusion and posture in terms of instability. Conclusions: In this study, intervertebral instability was best evaluated in the lateral decubitus position when using flexion–extension X-ray imaging for patients with fourth lumbar vertebral spondylolisthesis.
Introduction
Authors: Ystanes Margit , Salem Tomas
Published: September 2020

For more than a decade, urban development in Rio de Janeiro was driven by the urgency of preparations for mega-events such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics. During these years, Brazilian authorities used the megaevents to create a state of exception that legitimized a broad range of state security interventions across the city. While Brazilian authorities presented the events as an opportunity to create a modern, dynamic, and socially inclusive city, this special section argues that the security interventions implemented in Rio during the years of Olympic exceptionalism intensified racialized and gendered inequalities and reproduced historical patterns of necropolitical governance that has sought to render black life in Brazil impossible.
Eluding the Esculacho
Authors: Sørbøe Celina Myrann
Published: September 2020

The Police “Pacification” Unit (Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora—UPP) program in Rio de Janeiro pledged to pacify both militarized police officers and the communities they patrolled: favelas occupied by armed drug traffickers. While the UPPs promoted a softer approach, police practices remained permeated with logics of violence. In understanding why, this article examines how an enduring “warrior ethos” influences the occupational culture of the police. I frame this warrior ethos by reference to notions of masculinity and honor both in the police culture and in the favela, and approach the warrior as a masculine performance. This masculinities perspective on the ways in which policing activities are framed and enacted provides important insights into why it was so difficult to change police attitudes and practices.
Emergent Police States
Authors: Salem Tomas , Bertelsen Bjørn Enge
Published: September 2020

The Pacifying Police Units, rolled out in Rio de Janeiro ahead of the 2016 Summer Olympics, were part of a police intervention conceived to end the logic of war that characterized the city’s public security policies. As such, it adopted “so” strategies of policing aimed at reducing violence and asserting state sovereignty in “pacified” favelas. Drawing on a postcolonial framework of analysis, we argue that these favelas can be understood as sites for experiments in imperial statecraft, where a new set of socio-moral relations that we call police moralism were inscribed onto spaces and bodies. Pacification, in this context, means the reassertion of Brazil’s historical racial order. In our conclusion, we read the moral order implemented in the favelas as a prefiguration of President Jair Bolsonaro’s right-wing authoritarianism on a national scale.
English and Khowar: The study of Social Media Linguistic Practices of Khowar Speakers
Authors: Anbreen Shagufta , Riaz Fakhira , Akhtar Yasmeen
Published: September 2020

Khowar is a language that belongs to Dardic group. It is spoken in different parts of Pakistan predominantly in Chitral where it is considered as lingua franca of the area. In the recent era, technology has become advanced and people have started to use different social mediums like Facebook to get in contact with their counterparts. As the social media networks are linguistically diverse so speakers choose a specific language for interaction. Among these languages, English is considered as the dominant language which has influenced the linguistic practices of the speakers. This study explores the linguistic practices of Khowar speakers on Facebook. To explore the linguistic practices of the speakers twenty participants are selected among which ten are males and ten are females. The posts and comments on the Facebook of the speakers have been analyzed to explore the similarities and differences in the linguistic practices of the speakers.
Photosynthetic and yield traits identified through multivariate analysis in mungbean exhibiting tolerance to the combined stresses of low phosphorus and drought
Authors: Pandey Renu , Meena Surendra Kumar , . Gayacharan , Singh Madan Pal
Published: September 2020

Experiments were conducted to study the genotypic variability for tolerance to combined stresses of low availability of phosphorus (P) and drought in 14 mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] accessions. The accessions were evaluated under four conditions viz., control (sufficient P, irrigated), low P (without P, irrigated), drought (sufficient P, withholding irrigation) and combined stresses (low P, withholding irrigation). The relative stress tolerance was estimated for 22 agro-physiological traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) and relative stress indices (RSIs) of traits exhibited significant variation among the treatments and accessions. Based on RSIs, the PCA ranking analysis showed that the accessions IC 280489, PDM 139 and IC 76491 were highly ranked and tolerant to low P, drought and combined stresses. The relative increase in component traits such as photosynthetic parameters, relative water content, above-ground biomass, seed P content and number of pods plant–1 were higher while canopy temperature and water use efficiency were reduced in tolerant accessions. In contrast, IPM 2-3 was found to be relatively sensitive to all three treatments. Tolerant accessions may be either included in the breeding program or used directly as cultivar that can be grown under low P and drought.
Awareness of Functional Status: People with Alzheimer’s Disease Abilities to Self-Report Impairment in Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Trindade Paula Gasparini Emery , Santos Raquel Luiza , Johannessen Aud , Neto Jose Pedro Simões , Dourado Marcia Cristina Nascimento
Published: September 2020

Background:

Awareness of functional status may underlie specific profiles and differences related to stage severity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Objective:

This study aimed to assess self-reported experiences of awareness of functional activity in people with mild and moderate AD.

Methods:

This is a mixed methods approach. The qualitative part was conducted through semi-structured interviews concerning the experiences and awareness of deficits in 38 older adults with mild or moderate AD. The quantitative approach included a comparison between groups with regard to concerns of awareness and clinic and demographic data.

Results:

Impairment on awareness of disease and awareness of functional deficits was observed even in the mild stages of AD. There was also a noticeable progression of impairments of both kinds of awareness from mild to moderate stage of disease. The majority of participants with mild and moderate AD were partially aware of their functional deficits. Both groups of participants reported some negative impact; however, they were not able to entirely describe their functional status. Also, deficits to recognize the need for help with hygiene and general tasks were observed. Significant differences were found in awareness of need for help with general tasks and awareness of need for help with hygiene tasks.

Conclusion:

People with mild and moderate AD may describe their aware of the disease better than specific functional deficits, and most of them can provide some reports concerning to the impact of the disease.
Targeted Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis for Lithuanian Social Media Reviews
Authors: Petkevičius Mažvydas , Vitkutė-Adžgauskienė Daiva , Amilevičius Darius
Published: September 2020

The paper presents research results for solving the task of targeted aspect-based sentiment analysis in the specific domain of Lithuanian social media reviews. Methodology, system architecture, relevant NLP tools and resources are described, finalized by experimental results showing that our solution is suitable for solving targeted aspect-based sentiment analysis tasks for under-resourced, morphologically rich and flexible word order languages.
Robust Neural Machine Translation: Modeling Orthographic and Interpunctual Variation
Authors: Bergmanis Toms , Stafanovičs Artūrs , Pinnis Mārcis
Published: September 2020

Neural machine translation systems typically are trained on curated corpora and break when faced with non-standard orthography or punctuation. Resilience to spelling mistakes and typos, however, is crucial as machine translation systems are used to translate texts of informal origins, such as chat conversations, social media posts and web pages. We propose a simple generative noise model to generate adversarial examples of ten different types. We use these to augment machine translation systems’ training data and show that, when tested on noisy data, systems trained using adversarial examples perform almost as well as when translating clean data, while baseline systems’ performance drops by 2-3 BLEU points. To measure the robustness and noise invariance of machine translation systems’ outputs, we use the average translation edit rate between the translation of the original sentence and its noised variants. Using this measure, we show that systems trained on adversarial examples on average yield 50 % consistency improvements when compared to baselines trained on clean data.
OCR Challenges for a Latvian Pronunciation Dictionary
Authors: Strankale Laine , Paikens Pēteris
Published: September 2020

This paper covers the devlopment of a custom OCR solution based on the Tesseract open source engine developed for digitization of a Latvian pronunciation dictionary where the pronunciation data is described using a large variety of diacritic markings not supported by standard OCR solutions. We describe our efforts in training a model for these symbols without the additional support of preexisting dictionaries and illustrate how word error rate (WER) and character error rate (CER) are affected by changes in the dataset content and size. We also provide an error analysis and postulate possible causes for common pitfalls. The resulting model achieved a CER of 2.07%, making it suitable for digitization of the whole dictionary in combination with heuristic post-processing and proofreading, resulting in a useful resource for further development of speech technology for Latvian.
On the use of the policy gradient and Hessian in inverse reinforcement learning
Authors: Metelli Alberto Maria , Pirotta Matteo , Restelli Marcello
Published: September 2020

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an effective approach to solve sequential decision making problems when the environment is equipped with a reward function to evaluate the agent’s actions. However, there are several domains in which a reward function is not available and difficult to estimate. When samples of expert agents are available, Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) allows recovering a reward function that explains the demonstrated behavior. Most of the classic IRL methods, in addition to expert’s demonstrations, require sampling the environment to evaluate each reward function, that, in turn, is built starting from a set of engineered features. This paper is about a novel model-free IRL approach that does not require to specify a function space where to search for the expert’s reward function. Leveraging on the fact that the policy gradient needs to be zero for an optimal policy, the algorithm generates an approximation space for the reward function, in which a reward is singled out employing a second-order criterion. After introducing our approach for finite domains, we extend it to continuous ones. The empirical results, on both finite and continuous domains, show that the reward function recovered by our algorithm allows learning policies that outperform those obtained with the true reward function, in terms of learning speed.
Detecting innovative companies via their website
Authors: Daas Piet J.H. , van der Doef Suzanne
Published: September 2020

Producing an overview of innovative companies in a country is a challenging task. Traditionally, this is done by sending a questionnaire to a sample of companies. This approach, however, usually only focuses on large companies. We therefore investigated an alternative approach: determining if a company is innovative by studying the text on its website. For this task a model was developed based on the texts of the websites of companies included in the Community Innovation Survey of the Netherlands. The latter is a survey carried out every two years that focusses on the detection of innovative companies with 10 or more working persons. We found that the text-based model developed was able to reproduce the result from the Community Innovation Survey and was also able to detect innovative companies with less than 10 employees, such as startups. Model stability, model bias, the minimal number of words extracted from a website and companies without a website were found to be important issues in producing high quality results. How these issues were dealt with and the findings on the number of innovative companies with large and small numbers of employees are discussed in the paper.
Big data, differential privacy and national statistical organisations
Authors: Bailie James
Published: September 2020

Differential privacy (DP) has emerged in the computer science literature as a measure of the impact on an individual’s privacy resulting from the publication of a statistical output such as a frequency table. This paper provides an introduction to DP for official statisticians and discuss its relevance, benefits and challenges from a National Statistical Organisation (NSO) perspective. We motivate our study by examining how privacy is evolving in the era of big data and how this might prompt a shift from traditional statistical disclosure techniques used in official statistics – which are generally applied on a cell-by-cell or table-by-table basis – to formal privacy methods, like DP, which are applied from a perspective encompassing the totality of the outputs generated from a given dataset. We identify an important interplay between DP’s holistic privacy risk measure and the difficulty for NSOs in implementing DP, showing that DP’s major advantage is also DP’s major challenge. This paper provides new work addressing two key DP research areas for NSOs: DP’s application to survey data and its incorporation within the Five Safes framework.
Development of a computational tool for estimating computed tomography dose parameters
Authors: Almohiy Hussain M. , Hussein Khalid I. , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Rawashdeh Mohammad , Elshiekh Elhussaien , Alshahrani Madshush M. , Saad Mohammed , Foley Shane , Saade Charbel
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:

Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging procedures have been reported as the main source of radiation in diagnostic procedures compared to other modalities. To provide the optimal quality of CT images at the minimum radiation risk to the patient, periodic inspections and calibration tests for CT equipment are required. These tests involve a series of measurements that are time consuming and may require specific skills and highly-trained personnel.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to develop a new computational tool to estimate the dose of CT radiation outputs and assist in the calibration of CT scanners. It may also provide an educational resource by which radiological practitioners can learn the influence of technique factors on both patient radiation dose and the produced image quality.

METHODS:

The computational tool was developed using MATLAB in order to estimate the CT radiation dose parameters for different technique factors. The CT radiation dose parameters were estimated from the calibrated energy spectrum of the x-ray tube for a CT scanner.

RESULTS:

The estimated dose parameters and the measured values utilising an Adult CT Head Dose Phantom showed linear correlations for different tube voltages (80 kVp, 100 kVp, 120 kVp, and 140 kVp), with R2 nearly equal to 1 (0.99). The maximum differences between the estimated and measured CTDIvol were under 5 %. For 80 kVp and low tube currents (50 mA, 100 mA), the maximum differences were under 10%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prototyped computational model provides a tool for the simulation of a machine-specific spectrum and CT dose parameters using a single dose measurement.
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING MELALUI PERBAIKAN PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI INDUSTRI KERIPIK DAN SEJENISNYA
Authors: Rasdianto  , Nurzaimah  , Mutia Ismail  , Ricky Ary Syahputra
Published: September 2020

Dedication held at Jl. Gaperta, Village Central Helvetia, district of Medan Helvetia, Medan, North Sumatra. Dedication took the title "Increasing Sales Through Improved Calculation of Cost of Production Industry Chips and Peyek". Community service will be made to the two businessmen households of preliminary surveys noting that the two housewives who do it faces constraints in which the products can not be marketed in the modern market or supermarkets because they do not have permission from the Ministry of Health (PIRT) and yet have the certificate Halal and requires few tools left to run the business that has been running for about four years and the effort the other household else has run the business for longer than the others which is about nine years had several employees freelance help in producing products that already have a name of "Kartika" which already has a permit Din Kes port on 215127501152 and already has a certificate from the Halal MUI no; 090100891110 has six types of products namely: cheese potato chips, cheese potato chips, carrot chips cheese, peanut dent, dent dent anchovies and spinach, facing obstacles unavailability of machines to grind boiled carrots and tools to attenuate the dough in bulk for processing production. Service to the community team will strive to help business partners for the constraints that it faces so as to produce a better business. Goal mono community service activities this year is expected to develop a business venture partner that had only done penjulan in traditional markets and by booking with a permit from the Department of Health and halal certificate from MUI venture partner product can be sold in modern markets or in supermarkets and mall- mall that is around the city of Medan and in turn will expand to other cities in North Sumatra
IbM PEMBERDAYAAN GURU DAN SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM PENANGANAN AWAL PENDERITA LUKA
Authors: Zaimah Z. Tala  , Mutiara Indah Sari  , Cut Meliza Zainumi
Published: September 2020

Luka adalah suatu kondisi yang menyebabkan kerusakan atau hilangnya sebahagian jaringan tubuh disebabkan berbagai kemungkinan. Pada keadaan luka dapat terjadi perdarahan hebat, kesakitan yang luar biasa sehingga menyebabkan shok, kehilangan volume cairan tubuh bahkan terjadinya henti jantung. Penatalaksanaan awal segera penderita luka sangat diperlukan orang-orang terdekat penderita untuk mencegah kesakitan yang lebih parah bahkan kematian. Khalayak pondok pesantren yang mempunyai syarat mukim selama aktifitas kesehariannya di pondok sangat mungkin mengalami hal-hal yang menyebabkan luka.. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan khalayak pondok khususnya para guru dan santri pesantren Kwala Madu Binjai dan Ibadurrahman Stabat  dalam penanganan awal penderita luka. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2017 dengan metode 1) Peninjauan lokasi daerah mitra, 2) Analisa masalah dengan wawancara beberapa guru dan santri mengenai pemahaman penatalaksanaan awal terhadap luka,   3) Penyusunan materi penyuluhan serta teknik pelatihan berdasarkan analisa wawancara, 4) Pelaksanaan penyuluhan dan pelatihan, 5) Evaluasi hasil kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan, 6) Penyerahan  bahan dan alat kesehatan yang dibutuhkan dalam penatalaksanaan awal terhadap luka ke pengelola Pesantren. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan guru dan santri dalam penatalakasanaan awal terhadap luka  Juga tersedianya bahan dan alat kesehatan yang dibutuhkan dalam penatalaksanaan awal terhadap luka untuk dipergunakan di pesantren
PEMBENTUKAN KELOMPOK SADAR HUKUM DAN PENYULUHAN HUKUM BAGI PEREMPUAN TERHADAP HAK-HAK SEBAGAI KONSUMEN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN ( LOKASI: DESA BATANG KUIS PEKAN DAN DESA MESJID KECAMATAN BATANG KUIS KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG)
Authors: Zulfi Chairi  , Puspa Melati  , Aflah
Published: September 2020

Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen menyangkut dalam berbagai  aspek kehidupan terutama dalam aspek kehidupan konsumen yang banyak sekali mengalami kerugian. Permasalahan tentang perlindungan konsumen selayaknya tidak hanya selalu berkaitan dengan adanya sanksi terhadap para pelanggarnya tetapi juga menyangkut mengenai persoalan bagaimana memberdayakan konsumen sehingga konsumen dapatmelindungi dirinya sendiri. Salah satu cara pemberdayaan konsumen adalah dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang muatan materi yang diatur dalam Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen terutama yang berkaitan dengan hak-hak konsumen,serta pengetahuan bagaimana penyelesaian masalah dalam sengketa konsumen. Selain penyuluhan hukum perlu dilakukan pembentukan kelompok masyarakat sadar hukum terutama terkait dengan masalah-masalah konsumen. Kelompok masyarakat sadar hukum yang telah melakukan pelatihan-pelatihan bersama tim pengabdi sehingga diharapkan telah mengetahui tentang peraturan mengenai  hak-hak konsumen serta prosedur penyelesaian sengketa konsumen. Pembentukan kelompok masyarakat sadar hukum akan membantu masyarakat  manakala terjadi sengketa antara konsumen dengan pelaku usaha.
THE ROASTING COFFEE EQUIPMENT WITH AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND STEAM / HOT AIR DISPOSAL TO ACCELERATE COOLING PROCESS OF SUPPLY RESULTS IN VILLAGE FRUIT OF REGENCY KARO
Authors: Junedi Ginting  , Aditia Warman  , Juliati Br Tarigan
Published: September 2020

This devotional activity has been carried out and runs well in line with the aim of assisting thecommunity of coffee farmers in Buah Raya Village for the management of coffee beans mainly byway of roasting. The tool used is 1 set of coffee cutting equipment equipped with temperaturecontrol and exhaust vapor / hot air to accelerate the cooling process results from roasting. Testingthe production of the tool is done by inserting the coffee beans to be roasting and then setting thetemperature button on the equipment to the temperature used in accordance with the coffee beansare inserted, after finished activate the exhaust steam / hot air and then wait a while for the coffeebeans are cold. Then move the coffee beans to the aluminum plate box as a shelter.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KELAPA SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK DAN NATA DE COCO
Authors: Darma Bakti  , Ridwansyah  , Isman Nuriadi
Published: September 2020

Community service activities is one of the obligations that must be implemented by lecturer at the university sabagai one aspect of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. The activity was carried out by a Team of Community Service entitled "The Application of Coconut Waste Processing Technology as Organic Fertilizer and Nata de Coco" is a devotion activity involving two partners, namely Bakti Karya Farmer Group and Mekar Jaya Farmer Group are two groups of farmers who are active in cultivation and coconut cultivation in Desa Asahan Mati, Tanjung Balai Sub-district of Asahan Regency. Problems faced is the low quantity and quality of coconut production caused by the limited information about the culture culture of coconut cultivation, especially aspects of pest control and fertilization. In addition, the presence of coconut straw waste in the form of midrib and leaves and coconut water that is very large to be a problem because it has the potential to cause environmental pollution and become a pest of nests. . In order to solve the problems of both partners, this activity will be conducted in the form of lectures, discussions, practices and introduction of coconut chopping machine in the form of leaf and stem to be used as raw material of organic fertilizer, hybrid coconut seeds and coconut waste water treatment equipment as nata de coco . After the implementation of the dedication activity to the partner community has been able to make organic fertilizer bokashi by utilizing the waste of coconut plants by digging the compost cutting machine that introduced, the practice of hybrid coconut cultivation, and waste water treatment of coconut to nata de coco. The results of these activities can increase hybrid coconut production while maintaining environmental sustainability,
IN-DEPTH ISLAMIC STUDY OF “RUMAH ISLAMI” IN KELURAHAN SEI KERA HILIR I KECAMATAN MEDAN PERJUANGAN, MEDAN
Authors: Loebis M. N. , Lindarto D , Harisdani D.D.
Published: September 2020

As implementation of Tri Dharma is a Community Services. This activity is carried out directly in the field by involving the public and university lecturers together in an effort to overcome the practical application of science in a comprehensive community issues. This community service focused on the in-depth problems of Islamic studies at the Serikat Amal Baik mosque in Kelurahan Sei Kera Hilir I, precisely on Jalan Ibrahim Umar Gg. Nikmat No. 7, Medan city. Working together with the partner Badan Kemakmuran Masjid (BKM) and teachers at SDIT Zahira school, conduct “Rumah Islami” studies and perform continued of comfort supporting infrastructure improvement activities as part of the worship of Islam by Zahira SDIT teachers joining together the surrounding communities. This community service activities that have been carried out concluded that the targets and outcomes achieved by seeing the enthusiasm of the participants in the Islamic spiritual education development framework on an ongoing basis.
ENERGY IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR PANELS FOR REFRIGERATOR NEEDS LOAD FISHING RESULTS 80 WATT MAXIMUM CAPACITY 20 KG
Authors: A. YUNUS NASUTION  , ADITYA PRATAMA
Published: September 2020

The initial problems of fishermen still use their semi-modern catches and still use ice cubes as a cooling medium, due to the lack of innovation in the development of the cooling media caught by fishermen. The implementation of solar panel energy is the beginning for the development of refrigerator power consumption caught by fishermen. The goal is to calculate the cooling load on the refrigerator, calculate the Coefficient of performance (COP) at the refrigerator and the loading factors at the refrigerator, where the average ambient temperature is 34 ℃ and the temperature to be achieved is 0℃, the fisherman results used in the study this is a shrimp with a capacity of 20 kg and the cooling time is 4 hours. Where the total cooling load value is 244.29 Watt, multiplied by 10% safety factor, so the overall cooling load is 268.72 Watts, refrigerant mass flow rate is 0.0012 Kg / s, the evaporator capacity is 261 Watt, compressor power is 15.6 Watt, The coefficient of performance (COP) value was 16.73 while for the refrigerant capacity was 0.074 Tons of refrigerant, the loading factors in the study were used to run a refrigerator with 80 Watt power for 4 hours, so that the total refrigerator load was 320 Wh (Watt hour) , to produce 320 Wh power is used 2 solar panel modules with a capacity of 50 Wp (Watt Peak), and uses a solar change controller (SCC) with a capacity of 10 A. The output power of the solar panel is influenced by the intensity of the sun's light emitted, from the test obtained an average value the average output of solar panels is 90.6 watts, while the total power generated in 11 test points is 536 watts, the type used is polycrystalline, solar panels battery and inverter capacity must be greater than the refrigerator power consumption, in this study used a 12V 35 Ah battery capacity and 500 Watt Inverter
Fast Training Right on the National Examination question for Junior High School
Authors: Elin Lailin Hijriani , Simarmata Justin Eduardo , Siahaan Meiva Marthaulina Lestari , Mone Ferdinandus , Seso Delvion Eduardus Beo , Wua Laja Yosepha Patricia , Napitupulu Merlin Helentina , Astriani Dewi Ni Putu Yuni
Published: September 2020

Community service activity aimed to provide an understanding of mathematical concepts consists of tips and tricks to solve exam questions for junior high school students. Furthermore, the background of the implementation of this training is to get students used to solve non-routine problems found during national examination, particularly in mathematics subject. This community service was carried out from October to November 2019 with 15 participants. This activity consists of three stages starting with the field assessment, the implementation stage and the last is final stage. In the field assessment stage, the servant determines the trainees to work national examination questions quickly and accurately that is specifically for junior high school students and determine where training will be held. The second stage is the implementation stage for exposuring to rapid strategies in administering national examination, question and answer, and national examination simulation. The final stage is the evaluation stage that is an implementation evaluation of theactivities that have been arranged based on each task that has been given .Based on the training activity that have been carried out it can be concluded that the training activity adds the knowledge and skills of students in working mathematics national examination questions. In addition, this training motivates students to be more active in learning mathematics and to be more mature in preparing for the upcoming national examination.

Keyword: training, national examination questions, junior high school students.
Building literacy awareness through a community library
Authors: Tarigan Bahagia , Sofyan Rudy
Published: September 2020

Every individual needs to survive and even succeed in their life. One of the ways to achieve such success is to be literate. Literacy makes people civilized and knows the purpose of their life. People need to build their awareness of the importance of literacy, one of which is through building reading literacy awareness. This paper aims at building literacy awareness through a community library built for the people in Regaji Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This is a descriptive study taking the local people living in Regaji Village as the participants. Observations, interviews, and documentation were used to collect the data related to the past and current reading literacy awareness in this village. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the data analysis show that the reading literacy awareness of the local people was still relatively low. However, after the presence of the community library in this village, the literacy awareness of the local people, especially children, has grown, indicated by their increased reading habits. This current situation should be maintained and developed so that all the children in this village keep aware of the importance of reading literacy that eventually helps them get success in their future life.
Bacteria simbion landscape (Oryctes rhinoceros L.) as a bioactivator for oil palm empty fruit bottle for organic mulsa
Authors: Marheni  , Lubis Lahmuddin
Published: September 2020

Oryctes rhinoceros is an important pest in oil palm plants attacking plants and immature plants. Utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunches in the field causes the spread and increase of O. rhinoceros attacks. The phenol compound and phenyl phenol released by decomposed oil palm empty fruit bunch attract O. rhinoceros to the organic material. The process of decomposition of oil palm empty fruit bunches 6-9 months resulted in an increase in pest population. O. rhinoceros larvae have symbiotic bacteria in their intestines and produce hydrolytic enzymes that have the potential and can be developed to degrade oil palm empty fruit bunch waste that is used as a composting starter. composting.

The materials used in this study were larvae of O. rhinoceros instar 3, culture media of NA, NB, fungi, trichoderma, yeast and other materials that support the research. Tools used in scalpels, measuring cups, microscopes and others.

The study was conducted at the Plant Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan from June 2019 to October 2019. This research used a Non Factorial Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the study were obtained 2 bacterial species namely Achromobacter SP and Bacillus SP then made as a composting activator. The use of this symbiont bacteria influences the physical and chemical factors of compost produced. As for physically obtained compost color in the treatment of P8 7.5 YR 2/1 (Black) while P0 7.5 YR 3/2 (Dark Brown). Compost has a soil aroma and temperature. Material reduction during composting from all treatments averaged 42.14%. The best C / N ratio is in the treatment of P7 (Bacillus + molasses) that is equal to 14.78% and the composting process lasts for 10 weeks.
The Meaning of Traditional Households in Simalungun Language
Authors: Surip Muhammad , Pujiono Mhd. , Dewi Nora Ronita
Published: September 2020

This study is aimed to describe the component of meaning, the role of semantic traditional household appliances in Batak Simalungun language. Qualitative descriptive method is used in this research. The data are words that contain the meaning field of traditional household appliances in Batak Simalungun language by using noted techniques. The sources of data are Simalungun Batak language spoken by native speakers. Besides 24 kinds of lexical and collocative meaning, the results of the research are also shown some traditional household appliances in Batak Simalungun language, there are: 6 household tools which is made of woven, 8 are made of wood, 6 are made of metal, 3 are made of stone, and 1 is made of yarn.