bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vida cotidiana na universidade, em cinco atos
Authors: Natali Marcos
Published: August 2024

Resumo Apropriando-se do gênero dramático, que tem alguns de seus procedimentos citados na forma do texto, este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão a respeito do ensino de literatura na universidade brasileira. Na sequência de cinco atos, cada um remetendo a um espaço do ambiente universitário (a sala de aula, a sala de reuniões, a sala de concursos), o texto explora diferentes noções de aprendizado e ensino, comenta respostas a mudanças recentes no corpus e nos corpos presentes na universidade, analisa a relação entre a tradição endógena da cultura patriarcal brasileira e políticas imunitárias e reflete sobre a complexidade da noção de herança, em diálogo com os espectros que assombram as instituições dedicadas ao ensino de literatura, como um dia foi assombrado Hamlet. Ao longo do texto, busca-se apontar para aspectos da materialidade da vida cotidiana na universidade.
“Um tanto pueril”: a criança e a palavra literária como agentes (cosmo)políticos
Authors: Lucas Fabio Roberto , Philipson Gabriel Salvi
Published: August 2024

Resumo Descontruindo algumas correlações entre a oposição prosa/poesia (tomada também como metonímia da oposição literatura/não-literatura) e a oposição adulto/criança, retomamos algumas bases da reflexão sobre biopolítica, para pensar a infância dentre a série de agentes cuja exclusão da comunidade política (junto com as figuras do Oriente, da mulher, do selvagem e outros seres supostamente destituídos de fala, de logos) paradoxalmente os reinveste de força e interesse político, seja como objetos de uma expansão dos regimes instituídos de visibilidade e controle, seja como possíveis instigadores de modos outros de ação, que exigem repensar o que significam agência e política. Assim, passando por uma análise da transcriação haroldiana do fragmento 52 de Heráclito sobre a criança e de Sagatrissuinorama de João Luiz Guimarães, buscamos delinear algumas implicações desse intrincado fenômeno recente de politização da infância para o ensino de literatura.
Teoria das urgências e o presente da literatura: uma prática de leitura especulativa a partir de Autobiografia de um polvo, de Vinciane Despret
Authors: Santos Carolina Correia dos
Published: August 2024

Resumo O artigo busca articular uma teoria literária a partir de Autobiografia de um polvo, de Vinciane Despret. Almeja-se uma leitura da narrativa que conjugue a principal premissa da sua criação, o Antropoceno, a um instrumental elaborado por Bruno Latour e Donna Haraway, tais como a guerra entre Terrestres e Humanos, a simpoiese e a fabulação especulativa. O Antropoceno, neste contexto, assume um caráter de “tempos de urgência”, afeito a relações inovadoras entre os seres e entre as disciplinas e contrário a narrativas escatológicas do fim do mundo. Neste sentido, pretendemos esboçar uma prática teórica que permita a insurgência de paradigmas que valorizem a cognição pelo corpo e pelos sentidos, diminuindo a proeminência do aprendizado ou da leitura tradicionalmente compreendidos como exercícios da razão. Esta prática cooperaria com a concepção de um mundo porvir.
Vozes em camadas: o arquipélago em movimento
Authors: Pinheiro José Amálio de Branco
Published: August 2024

Resumo A formação cultural do continente latino-americano amplia, em todos os graus e variantes, a presença da voz, das oralidades e da natureza, combinadas ou não às inúmeras séries e gêneros escritos. É necessário desdobrar os três níveis de linguagem em suas interações, constitutivas dos processos culturais da América Latina e Caribe, que se alimentam dos crisóis ibero-ameríndio e afro-árabe. É o entrelaçamento das camadas que fundamenta um Barroco múltiplo de saída. Não se pode compreender a presença barroca no continente sem a reviravolta intercultural em que as oralidades se matizam, em meio à superabundância da mestiçagem, com as séries acústicas. A partir desse conglomerado de variantes marginais, desenha-se o que temos chamado de arquipélago em palimpsesto semovente, no qual as formas casuais das excessivas periferias não cabem dentro dos esquemas lógico-interpretativos lineares e causais da tradição e razão ocidentais, visto que, entre outros procedimentos, radicalizam as figuras da proliferação metonímica e do oxímoron.
Anarquismo y simbiosis en el cuento “Biopolítica” de Luis Carlos Barragán Castro: hacia una comunidad utópica*
Authors: Mercier Claire
Published: August 2024

Resumen El presente artículo se propone analizar el cuento “Biopolítica” de Luis Carlos Barragán Castro. Después de una presentación del escritor colombiano y de su obra, el manuscrito reflexiona teóricamente acerca de las nociones de New Weird -supuesta pertenencia genérica del cuento- de simbiosis, además de discutir los malentendidos en torno al anarquismo. En efecto, el texto de Barragán ofrece una visión original y actualizada del anarquismo gracias a su tratamiento mediante el tema de la simbiosis. Esta unión entre ambos conceptos es el objeto del análisis textual que se propone luego y que tiene como fin problematizar la construcción, en el relato, de una comunidad utópica.
A natureza através do prisma de um espírito de poeta: expressão da arte romântica no Livre de Jade, de Judith Gautier
Authors: Brito Ana Beatriz Farias Costa de , Ricieri Francine Fernandes Weiss
Published: August 2024

Resumo Os poemas em prosa do Livre de Jade (1867), de Judith Gautier, são quase sempre explorados a partir da comparação com a poesia clássica chinesa, em que a autora se inspira. Este texto busca outros caminhos de abordagem do volume. Portanto, traçamos o histórico da inscrição de Gautier na tradição do poema em prosa e nos apoiamos na produção da autora como crítica de arte a fim de observar o que há na antologia para além da sua fonte de inspiração.
Experimental studies on mechanical properties of metal fused filament fabricated SS316L
Authors: P Vijaya Kumar , C Velmurugan , A Aravind
Published: August 2024

Fused filament fabrication is a simple and commercially popular additive manufacturing (AM) technique for developing high-accuracy polymer-based materials. In this experiment, a retrofit type of setup was developed to manufacture stainless steel 316L–based products. The current study focuses on the encapsulation of stainless steel with polylactic acid to prepare the filament for 3D printing. The effects of printing parameters such as layer thickness, infill density, and extruder temperature on responses like density, surface roughness, micro-hardness, and material/filament consumption have been studied. A Box–Behnken design approach was employed to systematically evaluate 15 specimens under varying conditions. The results revealed that a maximum relative density of 97% was achieved with a layer thickness of 0.2 mm, an extruder temperature of 215°C, and a 100% infill density. Additionally, the optimized infill density demonstrated a significant effect on both hardness and surface roughness, confirming the importance of precise control over processing conditions for improving the performance of the printed parts. The findings contribute to the advancement of metal-polymer composite filaments in additive manufacturing, highlighting their potential for producing complex, high-performance components.
Pullout capacity at the bamboo reinforcement-compacted earth interface
Authors: Luo Y. , Ye C. , Zhong H. , Ni P. , Li W. , Zeng Z.
Published: August 2024

Compacted earth materials are still popularly used to construct wall structures in rural areas. To address the drawbacks of poor ductility and low shear resistance in compacted earth walls, bamboo, with excellent tensile properties, is introduced as a reinforcement material. Pullout tests on bamboo-reinforced compacted earth were conducted in this study, in which the effects of four parameters of normal stress, bamboo reinforcement form (without node, with node, and with curved anchor head), bamboo reinforcement width, and embedment length were investigated. Results demonstrated that the presence of chemical bonding force, frictional resistance, and end resistance at the interface between bamboo reinforcement and compacted earth could contribute to the mobilized pullout capacity. The parameter impact on pullout resistance can be ranked as follows: embedment length > bamboo reinforcement width > normal stress > bamboo reinforcement structure. Based on the Mohr strength theory, a model for estimating the ultimate tensile capacity of bamboo-reinforced compacted earth was derived. The pullout capacities obtained from theoretical calculations and experimental measurements differed from 0.73% to 14.60%, mostly failing below 10%. The proposed calculation model enabled the estimation of load-bearing capacity at the bamboo reinforcement-compacted earth interface, providing valuable guidance for wall design.
Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related multisystem neurodegenerative deficits v2
Authors: Laguna Ariadna , Peñuelas Núria , Vila Miquel
Published: August 2024

Methods used in the manuscript entitled "Modellinghuman neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulatesage-related multisystem neurodegenerative deficits"
SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain His-SUMO tagged expression and purification protocol for crystallization (c004) v1
Authors: Wang Korvus , fairhead michael , Williams Eleanor
Published: August 2024

This protocol details the expression and purification of SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain crystallization construct bearing a N-terminal His-SUMO tag and truncation of the N-terminal methionine at small scale (<6L).
CDPH modified Artic v3 primers for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing v1
Authors: Bell John
Published: August 2024

This protocol lists the primer bed file for a modified Artic v3 set for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. Two primers have been added to reduce dropouts.
Absorbance assay from an M2P flower plate v1
Authors: Radivojevic Tijana , Zournas Apostolos , not provided vblayroger , Garcia Martin Hector
Published: August 2024

This protocol explains the steps for preparing samples and taking OD600 and OD340 measurements from a BioLector plate.
Implementing Multilingual Education in Kazakhstan: Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes Towards the Status of English
Authors: Khassanov Gabit Kaiyrzhanuly , Utegenova Karlyga Taskaliyevna , Darisheva Tuimesh Malbagarovna , Bozbayeva Aigul Galimzhanovna , Akhmetova Gulnara , Sarkulova Damira Samigullievna , Utegenova Assel
Published: August 2024

The present study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of multilingual education by showing how students understand the role of the English language in multilingual classrooms in the Expanding Circle context. It examines the perception and assessment of the status of English by university students in the context of the trilingual policy currently being implemented in Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study is to determine how the new language policy is implemented in university multilingual programs from the point of view of the functioning of English. The quantitative study utilizes a sociolinguistic questionnaire distributed between undergraduate students of multilingual programs offered by four major universities in the western area of Kazakhstan. The findings suggest that despite the increasing importance and prestige of studying English, it is not used on equal ground with the Kazakh and Russian languages, and its level of proficiency remains relatively low. The statistical analysis of the respondents’ answers allowed identifying gaps in the implementation of the language policy due to the lack of understanding of the specificity of multilingual education by both students and teachers.
Apology Strategies Used by Native Speakers of Kabyle
Authors: Dahmani Lamia , Khalaf Eman Al
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the strategies of apology used by 30 native speakers of Kabyle (15 males and 15 females) living in Bejaia city, Algeria. The data were collected through the use of a written discourse completion task (WDCT) consisting of nine hypothetical scenarios. The results of the study showed that Kabyles used different types of strategies. Illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) were the most frequently used strategy. Concern for the hearer, however, was the least frequently used strategy. Moreover, new strategies appeared in the Kabyle data. Examples of these include asking the hearer not to be angry, requests for patience, religious wishes and minimizing the degree of the offense. These semantic formulas are culture-specific. Furthermore, the findings of the study indicated that there were differences in the total number of strategies employed according to the social status of the interlocutor and in the choice of some apology strategies.
Comparación de modelos matemáticos: una aplicación en la evaluación de alimentos para animales
Authors: Posada Sandra L. , Rosero Noguera Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Resumen
La digestibilidad y las tasas de degradación de los alimentos pueden ser estimadas a  través de la técnica in vitro de producción de gases. Las curvas de producción de gases que se generan  pueden ser descritas por diversos modelos matemáticos (exponenciales, logísticos, empíricos).  El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar algunos modelos matemáticos empleados para describir las curvas de producción de gases y las herramientas estadísticas que sirven para evaluar su capacidad de ajuste. Dos modelos, uno logístico propuesto por Schofield et al. y uno empírico propuesto por France et al., fueron utilizados para ajustar los perfiles de producción de gases de seis especies forrajeras, y los criterios seleccionados para evaluar su capacidad de ajuste fueron: 1) el cuadrado medio del error (CME), 2) el criterio de información de Akaike (AIC), 3) el criterio de información bayesiano (BIC), 4) el coeficiente de determinación (R2), 5) el análisis de los residuos, y 6) la dócima de Durban-Watson (DW). Los mejores modelos son aquellos que presentan el mejor balance entre la capacidad de ajuste de los datos y la coherencia biológica, siendo necesaria su evaluación en las más variadas condiciones experimentales, a fin de escoger el mejor para cada situación.
Summary
The digestibility and degradation rates of food can be estimated through the in vitro gas production technique. The gas curves generated can be described by diverse mathematical models (exponential, logistic, and empirical). The objective of this work was to present some mathematical models commonly used to describe gas production curves and to review some statistical tools useful to evaluate their adjustment capacity. Two models, either a logistic or an empirical proposed by Schofield et al., and France et al., respectively, were used to fit the profiles of gas production of six forage species. The selected criteria for evaluation of their adjustment capacity were: 1) square means error (CME), 2) Akaike (AIC) or 3) Bayesian (BIC) information criteria, 4) coefficient of determination (R2), 5) residual analysis, and 6) Durban-Watson dosim (DW). The best models for evaluation of gas production are those that present the best balance between data adjustment capacity and biological coherence, being necessary their evaluation under the most varied experimental conditions, in order to choose the best model for each specific situation.
Modelación de la cinética de degradación de alimentos para rumiantes
Authors: Rosero Noguera Ricardo , Posada Sandra L.
Published: August 2024

Resumen La técnica de degradación in situ ha sido ampliamente adoptada  para evaluar la tasa y la extensión de la degradación de los alimentos en el rumen. Los nuevos modelos para formulación  y evaluación de raciones requieren  de la determinación precisa de aspectos dinámicos de la degradación de alimentos en el rumen y han adoptado a la técnica in situ como instrumento para facilitar este tipo de mediciones. Numerosas son las fuentes de variación relacionadas con la técnica que pueden alterar las estimativas de la tasa y la extensión de la degradación, entre ellas podemos citar: el tamaño de los sacos de nylon, el tamaño de los poros del saco, la posición de los sacos dentro del rumen, el tamaño de partícula del alimento y el procesamiento matemático de la información. Diferentes modelos matemáticos han sido propuestos para estudiar la cinética de degradación. En la construcción de estos modelos han sido tenidas en cuenta las características particulares del sustrato en estudio, aspectos anatómicos y fisiológicos del animal y procesos relacionados con la hidratación y colonización del sustrato por parte de los microorganismos ruminales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue discutir algunos modelos utilizados en el estudio de la cinética de degradación del alimento mediante su descripción matemática y aplicación práctica. Palabras clave: fermentación, producción de gas, rumiantes. Summary The in situ degradation technique has been adopted to evaluate the rate and extent of ruminal food degradation. The new models for formulation and evaluation of foods require of the precise determination of the dynamic aspects of ruminal foods degradation for which the in situ technique has been adopted in order to facilitate its mathematical determination. Different sources of variation related with the technique itself can alter the rate and extent of food degradation: the size of nylon bag, pore size, specific placement of the bag into the rumen, particle size of food and the mathematical models used for analyses, among others. Different models have been proposed for degradation kinetic studies. In these models the characteristics of food samples, anatomical and physiologic aspects of the animal, as well as those processes related with the hydrate and colonization of samples by ruminal microorganism have been considered. The objective of this work was to discuss some of the models used to evaluate the rate and extent of food degradation in the rumen by the mathematical description and practical application of the in situ technique. Key words: fermentation, gas production, ruminants.
La esperanza del cuadrado medio
Authors: Restrepo Luis F.
Published: August 2024

Resumen
La esperanza del cuadrado medio es fundamental en el análisis de la varianza, para establecer la prueba F adecuada en el contraste de factores dispuestos en el diagrama de estructura bajo un modelo de clasificación experimental elegido por el investigador. Desconocer el cuadrado medio es estar a ciegas en la interpretación de resultados, ya que el desconocimiento de dicho componente puede dar lugar a conclusiones no adecuadas, lo cual es grave en la toma de decisiones generadas a partir del análisis estadístico. Para construir el cuadrado medio se requiere conocer el tipo de efecto, si es aleatorio o fijo, o un componente mixto.
Summary
Expectation of the square mean is fundamental in the analysis of variance in order to establish the F test adapted in the contrast of factors arranged in the diagram of structure under a model of experimental classification chosen by the researcher. The lack of knowledge of the mean square is being blind at the time of interpretation of results, because the misunderstanding of such a component can give inappropriate conclusions which in turn get bias in statistic analysis-base decisions. To construct the mean square it is necessary to previously known if the effect is random, fixed or mixed.
Tipos de suma de cuadrados en el análisis de la varianza
Authors: Restrepo Luis F.
Published: August 2024

Resumen
La suma de cuadrados se emplea con el fin de efectuar una descomposición de la variabilidad total atribuible a la variable respuesta Y, en los diferentes componentes o factores controlados o manipulados por el investigador x, y la adición del error experimental, que constituye la fuente de variación que aglutina a todos los componentes no controlados dentro del modelo de clasificación experimental.
Summary
The sum of squares is used in order to carry out a decomposition of the entire variability attributable to a response variable Y in the different components or controlled or manipulated factors by the an investigator X, and the addition of the experimental error that constitutes the source of variation that agglutinates all the not controlled components inside the model of experimental classification.
Evolución de lesiones podales en lechones lactantes
Authors: Pelliza Bibiana , Ambrogi Arnaldo , Yaciuk Raúl , Carranza Alicia , Di Cola Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Resumen
En un estudio de pseudocohortes se inspeccionaron los miembros craneales y caudales de 3142 lechones lactantes de 5 a 27 días de vida, para evaluar prevalencia de lesiones y su evolución, clasificándolas por edad y región anatómica. El trabajo se desarrolló en un establecimiento porcino de crianza intensiva, de ciclo completo, todo adentro-todo afuera, con 1200 madres totales y un promedio de 50 partos semanales, con una edad de destete promedio de 24 días. De los 3142 lechones, 249 (7.92%) no presentaron lesiones, en los restantes 2893 (92.8%) se observaron 8415 lesiones, correspondiendo 3869 (46%) a fibrosis, 4314 (51.20%) a heridas y 232 (2.8%) a artritis. De ese total 5165 (61.4%) correspondieron a los carpos, 737 (8.8%) a los tarsos y 2513 (29.9%) a las pezuñas. En lechones de 5-9 días de edad las heridas representaron el 73.8% del total de lesiones, las que tuvieron dos formas de evolución, hacia la fibrosis o la artritis. Esta evolución de las heridas mayormente tiende a la fibrosis en el carpo y a la artritis en el tarso. Se concluye que los miembros de lechones en maternidad presentan alta prevalencia de lesiones bilaterales desde la edad temprana y principalmente en los miembros craneales.
Summary
The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence, evolution and type of lesions occurring in the front and back legs of 3142 suckling piglets from 5 to 27 days of age, also classifying ithem according to age and anatomical region. From the total 3142 piglets, 249 (7.92%) did not have any visible lesions. In the other 2893 (92.08%) piglets, a total of 8415 different lesions were observed. Over this total, an amount of 3869 (46%) piglets showed fibrosis, 4314 (51.20%) had different type of injuries and 232(2.8%) presented arthritis. Over the total of 8415 lesions, 5165 (61.4%), 737 (80.8%), and 2513 (29.9%) had lesions on the carpus, tarsus and hoofs, respectively. Injuries represented 73.8% of the total lesions in 5 to 9 days old piglets, which evolved either towards fibrosis or arthritis. Fibrosis was the product of evolution on lesions mainly in the carpus, whereas arthritis evolved mainly in the tarsus.
Caracterización de las propiedades del aire húmedo (Sicrometría) del microclima de la hacienda Vegas de la Clara (nordeste antioqueño, Colombia)
Authors: Estrada P. Mónica M. , Márquez G. Sara M. , Restrepo Luis F.
Published: August 2024

Resumen
Mediante un análisis estadístico descriptivo exploratorio se determinaron las características del aire húmedo (Sicrometría) del microclima de la hacienda Vegas de la Clara (nordeste antioqueño), para lo cual se midieron la presión atmosférica (910.41 kg/cm2), la temperatura ambiente (25 ± 3.264 °C), y la humedad relativa (75.4 ± 11.9%), en diferentes momentos del año (periodos de lluvia, época de transición y periodo seco). A partir de los resultados se construyó la carta Sicrométrica como herramienta para el estudio posterior sobre las pérdidas de calor de los pollos en la etapa de finalización del periodo productivo (publicada en otro artículo de este mismo volumen).
Summary
An exploratory descriptive statistical analysis was applied for determining the characteristics of the humid air (Sicrometría) of the microclimate of Vegas de la Clara farm (northeast antioqueño) were determined, for which the atmospheric pressure (910.41 kg/cm2), ambient temperature (25 ± 3.264 °C), and relative humidity (75.4 ± 11.97%) were measured, at different times of the year (rainy, transition time and dry periods). From these results a psychrometric chart was constructed and used as a tool for an experimental study focused on the estimation of heat losses in broilers during its finishing period reported elsewhere.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la hidrocefalia en un paciente canino: reporte de caso
Authors: Acevedo Carlos M. , Ruiz S. Isabel , González D. María S. , Ramírez Víctor L. , Balvin Dubel , Ramírez Mauricio
Published: August 2024

Resumen La hidrocefalia es una acumulación excesiva de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en el sistema ventricular cerebral como consecuencia de una causa primaria. Esta enfermedad puede ser adquirida o congénita, manifestándose con signos clínicos de enfermedad neurológica. Este artículo presenta una revisión sobre la fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento médico quirúrgico de la hidrocefalia en un paciente canino atendido en el Centro de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia del CES (Medellín, Colombia). En el paciente se realizó una derivación ventrículo peritoneal como tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad; la cirugía se llevó a cabo sin complicaciones y se obtuvo una recuperación satisfactoria con reversión progresiva de la sintomatología clínica. La derivación ventrículo peritoneal como opción quirúrgica para el tratamiento de la hidrocefalia en caninos se convierte entonces en una herramienta valiosa para el médico veterinario, la cual le permite establecer un pronóstico más esperanzador respecto a la longevidad y calidad de vida del paciente. Summary Hydrocephalus is an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricular system of the brain as a result of a primary cause. This disease can be acquired or congenital, pronouncing itself with clinical signs of neurological disease. This article presents a clinical case with a detailed description of the physiopathology, diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydrocephalus in a canine patient that was attended at the Centro de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia CES (Medellín, Colombia). In this patient a ventricle to peritoneal derivation was practiced as a surgical treatment of the disease; the surgery was carried out without complications and a satisfactory recovery with progressive reversion of the clinical symptomatology was obtained. The ventricle to peritoneal derivation is a surgical option for the treatment of hydrocephalus in canine that becomes a valuable tool for veterinarians, which allows them to establish a more hopeful prognosis regarding longevity and quality of life of the patient.
Compuestos lipídicos benéficos para la salud humana asociados a la nutrición animal
Authors: Pabón Martha L. , Carulla Juan E.
Published: August 2024

Summary Animal derived foods used for human consumption have received unfavorable perception because of their high contents of saturated fat. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, cis9-trans11) is a compound reported to have anticarcinogenic, antidiabetogenic, antiadipogenic, and antiatherogenic properties as well as having positive effects for the immune system and bone mineralization. Its concentration in meat and milk is higher in grazing animals than in those in other feeding systems. Natural CLA-enriched milk offer a new perspective for Colombian milk in the international markets.
Evidencia serológica de la infección por herpesvirus equino tipos 1 y 4 en dos regiones de Colombia
Authors: Ruiz Sáenz Julián , Góez Yenny , Urcuqui Inchima Silvio , Góngora Agustín , López Herrera Albeiro
Published: August 2024

Summary Equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) are world wide spread viruses that cause significant economic losses. The primary infection of both viruses occurs in the upper respiratory tract, it can progress trough the mucose and can cause abortions in the last third of pregnancy, neonatal foal death, and non specific neurological syndromes. The EHV-1 is associated mainly whit abortion whereas EHV-4 is more related to respiratory disease. Infected animals rapidly overcome clinical symptoms but then remain infected rapidly overcome clinical symptoms but then remain infected infected all the life. In 2001 the first isolation of an EHV was reported in Colombia, but up-to-date, there are no up-to-date, there are no reports that confirm and determine the type of isolated virus. The aim of the resent work was to perform the type of isolated virus. The aim of the present work was to perform a serologic study in order to determine the presence of HVE-1 and HVE-4, in clinically healthy non- clinically healthy nonvaccinated horses. Serum samples n = 139 were drawn from healthy animals at two regions of Colombia erum samples n = 139 were drawn from healthy animals at two regions of Colombia drawn from healthy animals at two regions of Colombia two regions of Colombia (Antioquia and Meta department); an indirect ELISA test was performed to evaluate the presence of antibodies recognizihg to glycoprotein G of EHV-1 and EHV-4. We found that 98.7 and 96.6% of sera in Antioquia and Meta respectively were positive for EHV-4; the positivity for EHV-1 in Antioquia and Meta; the positivity for EHV-1 in Antioquia and Meta were 18.8 and 33.3% respectively. This is the first study that reports presence of antibodies to EHV-1 and 18.8 and 33.3% respectively. This is the first study that reports presence of antibodies to EHV-1 and EHV-4 in clinically healthy non-vaccinated horses in Colombia. These results suggest the establishment of the virus in the equine population of the studied regions and possibly in other areas of the country.
Detección de DNA de herpesvirus equino tipos 1 y 4 en mononucleares de sangre periférica y ganglio trigémino de equinos. Infección, latencia y una aproximación a la neuropatogénesis de la cepa circulante
Authors: Ruiz Sáenz Julián , Góez Yenny , López Herrera Albeiro
Published: August 2024

Summary The infection with Equine Herpesvirus types 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) occurs at the upper respiratory tract. Soon after this takes place a primary cell associated viremia to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, mainly on B and T lymphocytes), which allows the virus to reach other organic systems and production of abortions in the last third of gestation, neonatal foal death and neurological syndromes. After primary infection the animals remain latently infected for all the life. Because the presence of antibodies for EHV-1 and EHV-4 in plasma and serum of horses of two departments of Colombia was demonstrated, the objective of the present study as to demonstrate the presence of the viral genome in PBMC from horses diagnosed seropositive for EHV-1 and EHV-4, and in trigeminal ganglion of equines from a slaughterhouse of the Department of Antioquia. By means of a semi-nested PCR, the gene codifying for glycoprotein H (gH) of EHV-1 and gB of EHV-4 were amplified. In PBMC 28 and 19% of gH and of gB amplification were found, respectively; whereas in trigeminal ganglion 57.8 and 47.7% were amplified for gH and gB, respectively. With the aim of assessing whether the circulating strain in the department of Antioquia had a neuropathogenic potential, we amplified and sent to sequencing the gene that encodes the viral DNA polymerase, which could has a mutation that has been associated with neuropathogenic potential. We found that the circulating viral strain in Antioquia does not have such a mutation. The set of our results confirms that infection by EHV is present in the State of Antioquia, Colombia, and that there are equines latently infected which can be a source of infection for other susceptible horses.
Racionalidad de los esquemas de superovulación y sincronización en la transferencia de embriones en bovinos: ¿terapéutica basada en la evidencia o ausencia de ética?
Authors: Maldonado Estrada Juan Guillermo , Bolívar Paula A.
Published: August 2024

Summary Since the beginning of the use of bovine embryo transfer (ET) in Colombia, hormonal protocols for superovulation (SOV) of donors and for synchronization of recipients (RS) have been used in accordance with protocols reported elsewhere. Several variations of ET protocols have been reported most of they not based in controlled clinical studies but in the supposed pharmacological mechanisms of action of the used hormones, neither with pharmacokinetic studies nor considering the potential collateral effects on cow's fertility. Such collateral effects could be directly or indirectly related with the uncontrolled use of exogenous hormones, or with the time-related additional open days of donor and recipients, without considering the bioethics for animal experimentation. The huge proliferation of protocols for SOV and RS aims for improving both grade I and II (transferable or freezable embryos) embryo yield per transfer, and pregnancy rates for transferred embryos, without having achieved significant improvements during the last 20 years all around the world. In the present review we critic the use of exogenous hormones in bovine ET with emphasis in the rationality of indiscriminating use of exogenous hormones and embryo yield. Finally, we suggest several arguments on the bioethics of the protocols for SOV and RS in bovine ET.
Balance de nitrógeno y fósforo de vacas lecheras en pastoreo con diferentes ofertas de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) suplementadas con ensilaje de avena (Avena sativa)
Authors: León Javier M. , Mojica José E. , Castro Edwin , Cárdenas Edgar A. , Pabón Martha L. , Carulla Juan E.
Published: August 2024

Summary Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) have been implicated in environmental pollution. To evaluate N a P balance, eighteen lactating multiparous Holstein cows grazing kikuyu in the Livestock Center Marengo in Mosquera (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The treatments consisting three allowances of oat silage 0, 0.7 and 1.4 kg/100 kg of body weight. This daily allowance was completed with kikuyu on grazing to obtain a total dry matter allowance of 4kg/100 kg of body weight. The kikuyu and silage ratio was 4:0; 3.3:0.7 and 2.6:1.4 for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Cows received a commercial balanced feed 1kg for each 4.2kg of milk, and it was maintained during all the experimental period. This period lasted 14 days and consisted of 7 adaptation days and 7 experimental days. Individual milk production was measured (AM PM) and samples of urine and feces were taken on days 0, 7 and 14 to determine N and P. Urine volume was estimated using creatinine and dry matter intake using chromium (feces volume) and Indigestible Acid Detergent Fiber (Digestibility). N intake (667.8 g/d) and urine N excretion (240.6 g/d) was greater for cows on treatment 1 than for treatment 2 (560.7 and 199.7 g/d respectively) and for treatment 3 (594.8 and 200.8 g/d) respectively. However no differences were found on the efficiency of N utilization that was 15.6; 16.6 and 15.1 % for treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Daily P intakes (98.2; 85.9 and 93.4 g/d), P excretion in urine (0.43; 0.42; and 0.35 g/d) and P excretion in feces (91.8; 100.7 and 108.6) were not different between treatments, however phosphorus balance was positive and greater for cows on treatment 1 (5.9 g/d) than cows in treatments 2 and 3 (-15.5, and -15.6 g/d, respectively). Key words: environmental pollution, forage intake, milk yield, mineral excretion.
Frecuencia de infección por Trypanosoma sp. en búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis) en cuatro hatos bufaleros de Barrancabermeja, Colombia
Authors: Zapata Richard , Mesa Julián , Mejía Jaime , Reyes Julián , Ríos Leonardo A.
Published: August 2024

Summary In Colombia the buffalo industry is developed mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, becoming an important economic resource, that can be affected by haemoparasite caused diseases, being Trypanosoma sp. one of the causal agents of great economic losses. We design a cross-sectional descriptive study with the objective to determine the frequency of Trypanosoma sp. in water buffaloes through direct parasitological tests in four ranches of Barrancabermeja (Middle Magdalena). Four ranches with a population of 1800 buffaloes were selected, where 209 samples were analyzed evaluating it by thin and thick smears stained with the Giemsa and Field techniques respectively. A medical-veterinary examination and a survey were done to each buffalo where the clinical and epidemiological data of each animal was briefed. By means of statistical analysis Ji-square and models of logistic regression significant statistical association between positivity to Trypanosoma sp. and buffaloes age was found, without symptoms and signs of disease. A value of 0.784 of agreement level was obtained between the thin and thick blood smears tests with Cohen's Kappa index, that it means a substantial reproducibility between both tests to Trypanosoma sp. diagnosis in buffaloes.
Evaluación de tres protocolos de tratamiento hormonal sobre el diámetro de ovocitos de sabaleta Brycon henni
Authors: Lenis Gustavo , Restrepo Luis F. , Cruz Casallas Pablo
Published: August 2024

Summary
The evaluation of three hormone treatments on the diameter size of ovocytes in Sabaleta was conducted during the breeding season from May to July 2008. Twelve Brycon henni females and 24 males, 100 g and a standard length of 24 cm, were selected according to their sexual maturity and external features such as bulging belly, red genital papilla and semen expulsion after softly pressing its coelomic cavity. The fish were selected from a 320 brood fish batch caught in the wild in August 2007 and kept in captivity in a 200 m² earth pond. The presence of an anal fin with or without spines of a maximum length of 50% was considered as sexual dimorphism in females.  Internal characteristics were also considered; e.g., an ovarian aspiration biopsy was performed in females in order to observe its nuclei position and diameter. Ovocytes from selected females were at least 900 µm in diameter. Animals were distributed into three treatment groups for four sampling dates: T1 carp pituitary extract (CPE) (Argent Chemical Laboratories Inc., USA), n = 4; T2 Ovopel (Sigma Co. USA), n = 4; and T3 Ovaprim (Syndel Laboratories Ltd., Canada), n = 4. Each female was fertilized with the semen of two males previously injected with CPE. 11 out of 12 females had a treatment response, and resulting ovocyte average diameters were 1428.8 and 1679.8 (T1), 1531.2 and 1879.2 (T2), and 1712.8 to 1803.3 (T3), before and after hormone treatment, respectively. Significant differences were found within T1 and T2       (p < 0.05); however, this was not the case for T3. For T1, frequency distribution of the diameter of ovocytes before the hormonal treatment was bimodal. T2 had two modes before and one after the treatment (bimodal and unimodal), and T3 had two before and two after (bimodal). Fertilization rates were low in T1; nevertheless, T2 and T3 had high rates until 12 h eggs incubation.
Descripción morfológica de Cotylophoron cotylophorum (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) hallado en bovinos de Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Alarcón Erika P. , Velásquez Luz E.
Published: August 2024

Summary
The presence of Paramphistomidae parasites (Trematoda: Digenea) inside the rumen (first stomach) has been recorded in Colombia in cattle from the Caribbean coast, the Eastern Plains region in the east, and the southwest of the country. However, studies on the presence and prevalence of the parasite do not include any morphological description. This study includes research findings from adult Paramphistomidae parasites in the rumen of Bos taurus specimens from Llanogrande in the municipality of Rionegro, Antioquia. The aim of this research was to describe all the developmental stages of the parasite and to establish its specific taxonomical status. 52 live adult parasites were found in the rumen of a female Bos taurus sacrificed in the slaughter house Central Ganadera of Medellin. Eggs from adults were obtained in the laboratory, and hatching was stimulated to obtain miracidia. 50 Lymnaea truncatula snails were exposed to the miracidia, resulting in an infection rate of 5.1 %. The parasite was identified as Cotylophoron cotylophorum by using adult morphology and larval stages. This finding expands the parasite's geographical and altitudinal distribution to the andean highlands in northwestern Colombia.
Growth Curves and Genetic Parameters in Colombian Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis Artiodactyla, Bovidae)
Authors: Agudelo Gómez Divier A. , Hurtado Lugo Naudín A. , Cerón Muñoz Mario Fernando
Published: August 2024

Summary
Non-linear mathematical functions proposed by Brody, Gompertz, Richards, Bertalanffy and Verhulst were compared in several buffalo production systems in Colombia. Herds were located in three provinces: Antioquia, Caldas, and Cordoba. Growth was better described by the curves proposed by Brody and Gompertz. Using the datasets from herds from Caldas, heritabilities for traits such as weaning weight (WW), weight and maturity at one year of age (WY and MY, respectively), age at 50% and 75% of maturity (A50% and A75%, respectively), adult weight (β0), and other characteristics, were also estimated. Direct and maternal heritabilities for WW were 0.19 and 0.12, respectively. Direct heritabilities for WY, MY, A50%, A75% and β0 were 0.39, 0.15, 0.09, 0.20 and 0.09, respectively. The genetic correlation for β0 and WY was -0.47, indicating that selection for heavy weight at one year of age will lead to lower weight at adult age. These data suggest that selection based on maturity traits can generate changes in characteristics of economic importance in beef-type buffalo farms.
A spreadsheet program for making a balanced Latin Square design
Authors: Kim Beob G. , Stein Hans H.
Published: August 2024

Summary Latin square designs are often employed in animal experiments to minimize the number of animals required to detect statistical differences. Generally, potential carryover effects are not balanced out by randomization. Systemic methods are available for equalizing the residual effects. We have developed an Excel® spreadsheet-based program, the Balanced Latin Square Designer (BLSD), to facilitate the generation of Latin squares balanced for carryover effects. The program allows a user to input the number of treatments that is equal to the number of animals and periods in a square. A user may also input the number of squares. Then, the BLSD automatically generates Latin squares balanced for the first order carryover effects. For an even number of treatments, each treatment immediately precedes and follows every other treatment exactly once in the square. For Latin squares with an odd number of treatments, the first order residual effects can be balanced only if they are replicated an even number of times. The program also displays a table for an experimental schedule sorted by period and animal. The BLSD allows animal scientists to quickly and accurately generate Latin squares balanced for the first order carryover effects. The program is freely available upon request.
Perspectivas para el control del Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina (BVDV)
Authors: Vargas Diana S. , Jaime Jairo , Vera Víctor J.
Published: August 2024

Summary
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is one of the most important infectious agents in cattle population. BVDV is widespread throughout the world and it is endemic disease in most of the cattle population where 40 to 80% are seropositive. It causes economic losses mainly in breeding cattle. BVDV genetic and antigenic diversity is due to the virus high mutation and recombination frequency, which is reflected in many clinical manifestations and the difficult control of the disease. Control and prevention measures implemented by some countries are based on the elimination of the main source of infection: the persistently infected animals (PI animals), as well as the improvement of the immune response through the use of vaccines. Immunization with inactivated and modified-live vaccines has been used for decades without any significant improvement. New experimental strategies are being developed: recombinant vaccines where BVDV specific genes are selected in order to immunize cattle and thus overcome the shortcomings of conventional vaccines.
CONCENTRATION OF THE UKRAINIAN BANKING SERVICES MARKET:CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KOLOSHA Vasylyna , IGNATYUK Angela ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. The banking services market is an integral element of the financial system of any country, and its efficient functioning is a prerequisite for the stable development of both the real sector and the national economy. Its role is especially relevant in the period of socio-economic and geopolitical fluctuations faced by the economic system, including the national one. The relevance of this study is determined by the need for the state competition authorities to resolve the dilemma of choosing between ensuring a high level of competition in the banking services market and stimulating the development of powerful Ukrainian banks that can survive in the competition and have sufficient financial capabilities to provide cheap credits to business entities in critically important industries for the economy, which are in difficult financial conditions. Methods. For the study the Ukrainian market of banking services, modern methods of economic research were used, in particular, comparative analysis ( in assessing the number of banks in Ukraine and other countries), system structural analysis (in appraising the current state of the Ukrainian market of banking services and determining the nature of concentration in this market), economic-mathematical and formalization method (in quantifying the degree of concentration of the banking services and presentation of the estimate). Results. The analysis of market concentration indicators showed a low level of banking services market concentration, which means that individual banking institutions do not have market power and cannot influence the conditions of market, and thus bank capital is dispersed among a large number of banks. As a result, domestic banks are characterized by lower financial stability than banks in developed countries. Conclusions. The state competition policy should take into account the importance of the banking services market and contain special legislative norms aimed at regulating competition and concentration in this market.
A Geodetic-Based Earthquake Early Warning System for Colombia and Ecuador
Authors: Escobar-Rey Lusette Karime , Mencin David , Dittmann Tim , Mothes Patricia A. , Mora-Páez Héctor
Published: August 2024

Colombia and Ecuador sit at one of the most diverse tectonic regimes in the world, located at the intersection of five tectonic plates (Bird, 2003) encompassing many geophysical hazard regimes, multiple subduction zones, and broad diffuse areas of significant deformation. Notably, the subduction of the Nazca plate under South America has produced at least seven large (>Mw 7) and damaging earthquakes since 1900—the largest being the 1906 Mw 8.8 event. Both Colombia and Ecuador have made significant investments in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks to study tectonic and volcanic deformation. Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems like the U.S.-operated ShakeAlert system (Murray et al., 2018, 2023) utilize real-time Global Navigation Satellite System (RT-GNSS) to rapidly characterize the largest, most damaging earthquakes in situations where seismic networks alone saturate (Melgar et al., 2015, 2016; Allen and Melgar, 2019; Ruhl et al., 2019). Both Colombia and Ecuador have large vulnerable populations proximal to the coast that may sustain significant damage in these large subduction events (Pulido et al., 2020) and yet farther enough away that an RT-GNSS EEW system could offer significant warning times to these populations and associated infrastructure. We examine the status of the Servicio Geológico Colombiano Geodesia: Red de Estudios de Deformación GNSS network in Colombia and the Escuela Politécnica Nacional GNSS network in Ecuador, their spatial distribution, and the current status of their data streams to determine what augmentations are required to support the real-time detection and modeling of large destructive earthquakes in and near Colombia and Ecuador.