bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein adsorption and separation with monomodal and multimodal anion exchange chromatography resins. Part I. Multicomponent adsorption properties and frontal chromatography
Authors: Roberts Joey A , Carta Giorgio
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Multimodal ion exchangers, containing ligands combining charged and hydrophobic moieties, exhibit enhanced separation compared to monomodal ion exchangers under low loading conditions. Commercial applications often require high protein loads and such conditions have not been investigated extensively, especially for multimodal anion exchangers. This work compares protein adsorption and separation by frontal chromatography for a commercial monomodal (Nuvia HP‐Q) and two multimodal anion exchangers (Nuvia aPrime and Capto Adhere) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) monomer and dimer as a model.

RESULTS

Greater dimer–monomer selectivity is observed for Nuvia aPrime and Capto Adhere than for Nuvia HP‐Q at low protein loads. However, binary adsorption isotherms at high protein loads show higher binding capacity and greater selectivity for Nuvia HP‐Q, despite having the same ligand density. Higher salt concentrations reduce the binding strength in all cases, but this reduction is less pronounced for the multimodal resins. As a result, selectivity increases for the latter at higher salt concentrations. Confocal laser scanning microscopy shows that, during co‐adsorption, displacement of the monomer by the dimer occurs for each resin. However, displacement becomes very slow for the multimodal resins during sequential adsorption. The multimodal resins give poorer separation by frontal chromatography, accompanied by low recovery and substantial on‐column formation of protein aggregates.

CONCLUSION

The selectivity of multimodal anion exchangers for separation of the model proteins studied varies with salt concentration and protein load. At high protein loads, multimodal resins can result in on‐column aggregate formation negatively impacting the kinetics of competitive binding and separation. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Electro‐immunosensor for ultra‐sensitive determination of cardiac troponin I based on reduced graphene oxide and polytyramine
Authors: Brussasco Jéssica G. , Guedes Pedro H. G. , Moço Anna C. R. , Moraes Dayane D. , Flauzino José M. R. , Silva Heliane S. , Silva Atair C. , Silva Jonathan P. , Madurro João M. , Brito‐Madurro Ana G.
Published: September 2022

This work reports the construction of a novel nanostructured immunosensor for detection of the troponin I biomarker (cTnI). Anti‐troponin I antibody was anchored on the modified graphite electrode with reduced graphene oxide and polytyramine for detection of troponin I in serum samples. The performance of the electro‐immunosensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry. The immunosensor presented a wide work range, from 4 ng mL−1 to 4 pg mL−1, whose detection limit (4 pg mL−1) is significantly lower than the basal level in human serum, and maintained 100% of response after 30 days of storage. Moreover, the immunosensor showed good selectivity for detection of cTnI in real sample containing interfering substances and specificity of response to cTnI in the serum of healthy and sick patients, and demonstrated the possibility of reuse for two consecutive analyses, in addition to using a simplified and inexpensive platform when compared to other devices, demonstrating them excellent potential for application in diagnosis in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction.
Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India
Authors: Tandale Babasaheb V. , Deshmukh Pravin S. , Narang Rahul , Qazi Mohiuddin S. , Padmaja Goteti V. , Deshmukh Pradeep R. , Raut Abhishek V. , Narlawar Uday W. , Jha Punam Kumari , Rajderkar Shekhar S. ,   Japanese Encephalitis Epidemiology Study Group
Published: September 2022

We aimed to estimate the coverage of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination in central India to help explain the continued occurrence of JE disease despite routine vaccination. We implemented a 30‐cluster survey for estimating the coverage of JE vaccination in the medium‐endemic areas implemented with JE vaccination in central India. The parents were enquired about the uptake of the JE vaccine by their children aged 2−6 years, followed by verification of the immunization cards at home along with reasons for non‐vaccination. Vaccination coverage was reported as a percentage with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We estimated high coverage of live‐attenuated SA 14‐14‐2 JE vaccination in Maharashtra (94.8%, 95% CI: 92.7−96.3) and Telangana (92.8%, 95% CI: 90.0−94.9). The vaccination card retention was 90.3% in Maharashtra and 70.4% in Telangana state. There were no gender differences in coverage in both states. A similar level of JE vaccination coverage was observed during the year 2013−2021 in both states. In Maharashtra, the maximum age‐wise coverage was 96.6% in the >60 months age category, whereas in Telangana it was in the <24 months age category (97.2%). The timeliness of JE vaccination was appropriate and similar in both states. We found a very good agreement between JE and measles‐rubella vaccinations administered simultaneously. The reasons for non‐vaccination were the shortage of vaccines and the parental migration for work. The coverage of JE vaccination was high in medium‐endemic regions in central India. Vaccination effectiveness studies may help further explain the continued incidence of JE.
Prevalence and factors related to COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Noorishad Pari‐Gole , Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Darius Wina Paul , Mesbahi El Aouame Aya , Onesi Olivia , Broussard Cathy , Furyk Sarah E. , Yaya Sanni , Caulley Lisa , Chomienne Marie‐Hélène , Etowa Josephine , Labelle Patrick R.
Published: September 2022

This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the prevalence and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and vaccine unwillingness in Canada. Eleven databases were searched in March 2022. The pooled prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness was estimated. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions were performed. Out of 667 studies screened, 86 full‐text articles were reviewed, and 30 were included in the systematic review. Twenty‐four articles were included in the meta‐analysis; 12 for the pooled prevalence of vaccine hesitancy (42.3% [95% CI, 33.7%–51.0%]) and 12 for vaccine unwillingness (20.1% [95% CI, 15.2%−24.9%]). Vaccine hesitancy was higher in females (18.3% [95% CI, 12.4%−24.2%]) than males (13.9% [95% CI, 9.0%−18.8%]), and in rural (16.3% [95% CI, 12.9%−19.7%]) versus urban areas (14.1% [95%CI, 9.9%−18.3%]). Vaccine unwillingness was higher in females (19.9% [95% CI, 11.0%−24.8%]) compared with males (13.6% [95% CI, 8.0%−19.2%]), non‐White individuals (21.7% [95% CI, 16.2%−27.3%]) than White individuals (14.8% [95% CI, 11.0%−18.5%]), and secondary or less (24.2% [95% CI, 18.8%−29.6%]) versus postsecondary education (15.9% [95% CI, 11.6%−20.2%]). Factors related to racial disparities, gender, education level, and age are discussed.
Temporally compounding heatwave–heavy rainfall events in Australia
Authors: Sauter Christoph , White Christopher J. , Fowler Hayley J. , Westra Seth
Published: September 2022

Natural hazards often occur in combination with other natural hazards rather than as isolated events. While some combinations of hazards are well studied and their physical connection is increasingly understood, other combinations have received considerably less attention. High temperatures are known to be an important component for conditions that lead to heavy rainfall; however, sequences of heatwaves followed by heavy rainfall are not well understood, especially in a compound event context. Here, we analyse heatwave–heavy rainfall events across Australia using rainfall observations at hourly resolution. Our results show that heavy rainfall is more likely to occur if preceded by a heatwave, demonstrating that heatwave–heavy rainfall sequences should be seen as temporally compounding events. In particular, many regions in Australia experience both more frequent and more extreme wet days immediately following a heatwave. This behaviour is strongest in coastal regions, especially on the Australian east coast. These findings highlight the need for heatwave–heavy rainfall sequences to be studied as compounding events, as future changes in either hazard is likely to have impacts on related risks such as flash flooding.
Predicting post‐total ankle arthroplasty walking speed based on preoperative gait mechanics
Authors: Renner Kristen , Delaney Caitlyn , Hill Cherice , Sands Laura , Queen Robin
Published: September 2022

Decreased walking speed is associated with impaired physical performance and function in older adults. Following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), walking speed continues to be slower than age matched controls. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients 1 year post‐TAA can achieve walking speed benchmarks and investigate if gait metrics are predictive of achieved benchmarks. 191 TAA patients were recruited and assessed pre‐TAA and 1 year post‐TAA. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected during seven self‐selected speed barefoot walking trials along a 30‐m walkway. Receiver operator curves were generated for each variable to determine threshold values needed to achieve walking speeds of 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.3 m/s. Each variable's predictive ability was classified according to the area under the curve. Ninety one percent of participants achieved a walking speed > 0.8 m/s, 85.3% achieved ≥0.9 m/s, 64.9% walked at ≥1.1 m/s, and 24.1% achieved a walking speed of 1.3 m/s by 1 year post‐TAA. Walking speed pre‐TAA was the strongest predictor with ankle moment, power and GRF data showing mixed results. Clinical Significance: 75.9% of participants were unable to walk at 1.3 m/s—a speed indicative of safely crossing a street. Variables predictive of postoperative walking speed benchmarks could be useful in developing interventions for the TAA population. The strongest predictor across all walking speed benchmarks was preoperative walking speed. A walking speed > 0.71 m/s was predictive of achieving 0.8 m/s 1 year post‐TAA, while >1.09 m/s predicted 1.3 m/s 1 year post‐TAA.
Novel slide compression anatomic plates of the femoral neck for treating unstable femoral neck fracture: A biomechanical study
Authors: Li Jia , Yin Pengbin , Li Jiantao , Zhao Zhe , Zhao Jingxin , Cui Xiang , Lyu Houchen , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu
Published: September 2022

To compare the biomechanical stability of slide compression anatomic plates of the femoral neck, cannulated compression screws and dynamic hip screws with derotation screws for stabilizing unstable femoral neck fractures (Pauwels angle = 70°). Pauwels III femoral neck fractures were created on 45 Sawbones femurs and randomly assigned to three implant groups (1:1:1). The biomechanical stability of all Sawbones in each treatment group was evaluated with three tests. First, in the static loading test, the load–displacement curve, vertical stiffness (load/vertical displacement [N/mm]) and 5 mm failure load were recorded. Second, in the incremental cyclic loading test (700, 1000, and 1400 N), the cyclic−displacement curve and the displacement of the fragments were recorded. Third, in the torsion test, the torsional rigidity, maximum torque, and torsional angle corresponding to the maximum torque were recorded. The static compression test showed that slide compression anatomic place‐femoral neck (SCAP‐FN) had the largest vertical stiffness (275 ± 11 N/mm, p < 0.01) and 5 mm failure load (1232 ± 156, p < 0.01). The cyclic loading test showed that SCAP‐FN had the lowest change in displacement after 30000 cycles of loading. The torsional stiffness and the maximum torque followed the order SCAP‐FN > dynamic hip screw systems (DHS) + derotational screw (DS) > CCS, and the torsional angle corresponding to the maximum torque followed the order SCAP‐FN < DHS + DS < CCS. The SCAP‐FN construct provides stiffness and stability compared with other standard fixation techniques (3CS and DHS + DS). The fixation strategy of SCAP‐FN might be sufficient for clinical use, indicating studies in the human body are warranted.
Ultrasound assisted treatment improves the preservation performance of chitosan‐grafted‐chlorogenic acid on refrigerated sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fillets
Authors: Yang Xin , Lan Weiqing , Xie Jing
Published: September 2022

Background

Ultrasound can increase the mass transfer between preservatives and food, and enhances the effect of preservatives on food. Chitosan‐grafted‐chlorogenic acid (CS‐g‐CA) is a new synthetic compound with good antiseptic properties. Therefore, the present study evaluated the preservation performance of ultrasound‐assisted CS‐g‐CA (GUA) coatings on refrigerated sea bass fillets in terms of changes in microorganisms, lipids, proteins, tissue structures, and moisture.

Results

The results showed that GUA treatment effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms in sea bass fillets. Meanwhile, the changes in total volatile basal nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and pH values were all slowed down under GUA treatment, indicating that protein degradation and lipid oxidation in sea bass were inhibited. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging results indicated that the GUA retarded the conversion of mobile water to free water. In addition, GUA treatment maintained the flavor quality of fish fillets, and also inhibited the reduction of inosine monophosphate and the production of bitter substances (inosine and hypoxanthine), suppressed muscle tissue degeneration, and maintained better sensory scores.

Conclusion

Overall, GUA treatment inhibited microbial growth, protein degradation, lipid oxidation, moisture migration, decomposition of umami substances, and deterioration of sensory quality in sea bass fillets. Finally, the shelf‐life of sea bass fillets with GUA treatment was extended by an additional 9 days. The results showed that ultrasonic assistance further enhanced the effect of preservatives on aquatic products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing lactose recognition of a key enzyme in 2′‐fucosyllactose synthesis: α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Tang Shizhe , Peng Jing , Zhu Yuling , Pan Lina , Wang Jiaqi , Peng Xiaoyu , Cheng Haina , Chen Zhu , Wang Yuguang , Zhou Hongbo
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

2′‐Fucosyllactose, a representative oligosaccharide in human milk, is an emerging and promising food and pharmaceutical ingredient due to its powerful health benefits, such as participating in immune regulation, regulation of intestinal flora, etc.To enable economically viable production of 2′‐fucosyllactose, different biosynthesis strategies using precursors and pathway enzymes have been developed. The α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferases are an essential part involved in these strategies, but their strict substrate selectivity and unsatisfactory substrate tolerance are one of the key roadblocks limiting biosynthesis.

RESULTS

To tackle this issue, a semi‐rational manipulation combining computer‐aided designing and screening with biochemical experiments were adopted. The mutant had a 100‐fold increase in catalytic efficiency compared to the wild‐type. The highest 2′‐fucosyllactose yield was up to 0.65 mol mol−1lactose with a productivity of 2.56 g mL−1 h−1performed by enzymatic catalysisin vitro. Further analysis revealed that the interactions between the mutant and substrates were reduced. The crucial contributions of wild‐type and mutant to substrate recognition ability were closely related to their distinct phylotypes in terms of amino acid preference.

CONCLUSION

It is envisioned that the engineered α‐1,2‐fucosyltransferase could be harnessed to relieve constraints imposed on the bioproduction of 2′‐fucosyllactose and lay a theoretical foundation for elucidating the substrate recognition mechanisms of fucosyltransferases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Partner outcomes from an uncontrolled trial of Couple HOPES: A guided online couple intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and relationship enhancement
Authors: Crenshaw Alexander O. , Whitfield Kristen M. , Collins Alexis , Valela Robert , Varma Sonya , Landy Meredith S. H. , Ip Jennifer , Donkin Victoria , Earle Elizabeth , Siegel Ashley , Samonas Christina , Bushe Julianne , Mensah Desiree H. , Xiang Angela , Doss Brian D. , Morland Leslie , Wagner Anne C. , Fitzpatrick Skye , Monson Candice M.
Published: September 2022

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant individual and relationship impairment for people with PTSD and their romantic partners. Conjoint treatments, such as cognitive behavioral conjoint therapy for PTSD (CBCT), are designed to address individual and relationship factors, yet significant barriers impede accessing in‐person therapy. Couple HOPES (i.e., Helping Overcome PTSD and Enhance Satisfaction) is a coach‐guided, online couple intervention for PTSD based on CBCT that was designed to address these barriers. Previous investigations have found preliminary efficacy of Couple HOPES for improving PTSD symptoms, relationship functioning, and some individual functioning domains for the partner with probable PTSD. However, no study to date has tested individual outcomes for romantic partners, which is needed to fully evaluate the intervention's promise. The current study tested these partner outcomes in a combined, uncontrolled sample of 27 couples. Intent‐to‐intervene analyses found significant improvements at postintervention in four of eight tested outcomes, including ineffective arguing, g = 0.74; anger, g = 0.32; perceived health, g = 0.67; and quality of life, g = 0.56. Depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, alcohol misuse, and work functioning did not significantly change, gs = 0.17–0.42. Among participants who completed a 1‐month follow‐up assessment, generalized anxiety, g = 0.43, and perceived health, g = 0.73, significantly improved over follow‐up, whereas anger, g = ‐0.48, lost gains previously made. Results were largely consistent in the completer sample. These findings show the potential of Couple HOPES to have broad benefits not only for individuals with probable PTSD but also for their romantic partners.
Characteristics and modelling of sap flow of degraded Populus simonii in areas where the ecology is vulnerable
Authors: Dai Junjie , Zhao Ying , Wang Li
Published: September 2022

Plant transpiration plays a crucial role in the water balance of forest stands and water yield in arid and semiarid ecosystems. However, our understanding of the characteristics and modeling of transpiration or sap flow of degraded plantations in vulnerable ecology areas is still limited. In this study, the sap flow velocity (SF) of Populus simonii under different categories of degradation (LD, lightly degraded; MD, moderately degraded; SD, seriously degraded) during the growing season in the water‐wind erosion crisscross region of the Chinese Loess Plateau was continuously monitored and estimated using the modified Jarvis‐Stewart (MJS), modified process‐based (MBTA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. We found that the daily SF of P. simonii under the three categories of degradation was significantly different (p < 0.05), and degradation degree was negatively correlated with SF. Soil water deficit significantly reduced SF (p < 0.05). Soil water conditions and P. simonii degradation change the peak time of SF rather than the startup time. Three models give good performance for simulating the daily SF of degraded P. simonii, especially the MJS model. The stress of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on SF first decreases and then increases with increasing VPD, and the VPD threshold is LD < MD < SD. The results provide a valuable reference for revealing the causes of degradation and assessing the drought resistance of plantation ecosystems in water‐limited areas.
Contrasting strategies to cope with storm‐induced erosion events: a flume study comparing a native vs. introduced bivalve
Authors: Wiesebron Lauren , Teeuw Lilian , van Dalen Jeroen , van Ijzerloo Lennart , Troost Karin , Walles Brenda , Ysebaert Tom , Bouma Tjeerd
Published: September 2022

Storm‐induced erosion events may alter the diversity of tidal flat communities by selecting species that can better tolerate such disturbances. Introduced and invasive species are highly adaptable to a wide range of abiotic characteristics, and this adaptability may make them better able to withstand erosion events. With a novel flume method, we compared the ability of two bivalve species to resist storm‐induced erosion: Cerastoderma edule, a native species to the Scheldt estuary in the Netherlands, and Ruditapes philippinarum, an introduced species that is successful in the Netherlands and worldwide. We used three sediment erosion rates to simulate storms of increasing severity. At the 10.6 and 15.9 cm h−1 sediment erosion rates, all R. philippinarum were surfaced, whereas only half C. edule were surfaced. However, after being brought to the sediment surface, C. edule were more readily transported by currents and waves than R. philippinarum due to differences in their shell shape. We concluded that the two bivalve species had different strategies to avoid mortality by severe storm erosion: C. edule avoided being surfaced and R. philippinarum avoided being transported. In this case, it appears that extreme storms favor the specific adaptations of a native species over the broad adaptability of a non‐indigenous one. Indeed, C. edule may be more likely to survive moderately extreme storms than R. philippinarum, though the most extreme storms would be equally devastating to both species.
Room‐Temperature Generation of Heralded Single Photons on Silicon Chip with Switchable Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Zhang Shan , Feng Xue , Zhang Wei , Cui Kaiyu , Liu Fang , Huang Yidong
Published: September 2022

In quantum optics, orbital angular momentum (OAM) is very promising to achieve high‐dimensional quantum states due to the nature of infinite and discrete eigenvalues, which is quantized by the topological charge of l. Here, a heralded single‐photon source with switchable OAM modes is proposed and demonstrated on silicon chip. At room temperature, the heralded single photons with 11 OAM modes (l = 2–6, −6 to −1) are successfully generated and switched through thermo‐optical effect. It is believed that such an integrated quantum source with multiple OAM modes and operating at room temperature can provide a practical platform for high‐dimensional quantum information processing. Moreover, this proposed architecture can also be extended to other material systems to further improve the performance of OAM quantum source.
Light‐Induced Cold Marangoni Flow for Microswarm Actuation: From Intelligent Behaviors to Collective Drug Delivery
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Danning , Xiao Yuqing , Pan Ting , Lu Dengyun , Zhu Guoshuai , Xiong Jianyun , Li Baojun , Xin Hongbao
Published: September 2022

Microswarms have shown great potential in biomedical applications at small scales due to their features of wireless actuation and collective microrobotic behaviors. However, actuation of microswarms with strong universality and intelligent biomimetic behaviors is always a great challenge. Here, photothermal damage‐free actuation of an intelligent microswarm based on light‐induced cold Marangoni flow (CMF) is reported, along with collective drug delivery and targeted cell chemotherapy. This microswarm actuation shows strong universality and high controllability for both abiotic particles and living materials. Importantly, this microswarm exhibits intelligent biomimetic behaviors, such as collective migration, size‐based self‐organization, and group rejection, due to the synergy between cold flow with individual agents. The distinctive photothermal isolation capability of CMF ensures the microswarm to perform photothermal damage‐free biomedical tasks such as collective gene delivery and targeted single‐cell chemotherapy. This light‐induced CMF provides an optical strategy for photothermal damage‐free actuation of intelligent biomimetic microswarm robots, with great promises to perform many collective and cognitive tasks in biomedical applications such as cooperative grasping, collective drug delivery, and precise chemotherapy.
Elastic and Conductive Melanin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Hydrogel for Enhancing Repair Effect on Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Guan Haien , Liu Jianing , Liu Dan , Ding Chengbin , Zhan Jiamian , Hu Xiaofang , Zhang Peng , Wang Leyu , Lan Qiaofeng , Qiu Xiaozhong
Published: September 2022

Heart failure caused by acute myocardial infarction (MI) still remains the main cause of death worldwide. Development of conductive hydrogels provided a promising approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the therapeutic potential of these hydrogels is still limited by material toxicity or low conductivity. The latter directly affects the coupling and the propagation of electrical signals between cells. Here, a functional conductive hydrogel by combining hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with conductive melanin nanoparticles under physical crosslinking conditions is prepared. The composite hydrogels prepared by a facile fabrication process of five freeze/thaw cycles possessed satisfying mechanical properties and conductivity close to those of the natural heart. The physical properties and biocompatibility are evaluated in vitro experiments, showing that the introduction of melanin particles successfully improved the elasticity, conductivity, and cell adhesion of PVA hydrogel. In vivo, the composite hydrogels can enhance the cardiac repair effect by reducing MI area, slowing down ventricular wall thinning, and promoting the vascularization of infarct area in MI rat model. It is believed that the melanin/PVA composite hydrogel may be a suitable candidate material for MI repair.
Substituent‐Controlled Energetics and Barriers of Mechanochromic Spiropyran‐Functionalized Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)
Authors: Kempe Fabian , Metzler Lukas , Brügner Oliver , Buchheit Hannah , Walter Michael , Komber Hartmut , Sommer Michael
Published: September 2022

In a joint theoretical and experimental study, it is shown that the onset of the mechanically‐induced spiropyran (SP) to merocyanine (MC) isomerization can be controlled by both the regiochemistry and the substitution pattern of SP. Four SP‐based bifunctional initiators with consistently varied polymer chain anchor point and substituent are used to synthesize poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL). Theoretical calculations (1S and 3S COGEF methods) and in‐situ visible light absorption measurements of films during uniaxial stress–strain experiments consistently show varying activation barriers of the force‐induced ring‐opening reaction of SP to give MC. SPs with PCL chains attached in ortho‐position to the pyran oxygen isomerize at lower stress than their para‐analogs. NO2‐substituted SP mechanophores exhibit a lower activation barrier compared with H‐substituted ones, but only if the NO2 substituent is located in para‐position relative to the O at the pyran half. These results are consistent with theoretical loading rate‐dependent rupture forces required to break the CO bond of SP and may guide mechanophore design.
The influence of religiosity on consumers' evaluations of brands using artificial intelligence
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. , Kaplan Begum , Cabano Frank G.
Published: September 2022

Prior research is limited that examines how consumers respond to artificial intelligence (AI) used by businesses and in marketing. Specifically, more research is needed that explores which consumers are more likely to support AI use in marketing as well as why this occurs to develop targeted marketing campaigns toward these consumers. Through three studies, our research addresses these gaps by testing the role of religiosity on AI evaluations. Study 1 shows that religiosity positively influences perceptions of AI in marketing, which is mediated by greater trust in AI. Study 2 primes religiosity to demonstrate the causality of the effects, showing that consumers exposed to a religiosity prime more positively evaluate companies and their employees when AI is used. Study 3 then better confirms the underlying mechanisms of these effects using a virtual conversational agent context by showing that higher religiosity consumers are more trusting of the unseen, which leads to greater trust of a company, and ultimately positively influences evaluations of companies using AI. We contribute to belief congruence theory in identifying the role of trust (specifically trust in the unseen related to AI) in the belief‐behavior relationship. We also identify how marketers can use religious cues to increase trust in AI in marketing.
Stability estimates for phase retrieval from discrete linear canonical Gabor transformation measurements
Authors: Zhong Shi , Liu Bei , Li Rui , Zhang Qingyue
Published: September 2022

Phase retrieval gives the problem of recovering some signal from phaseless measurements. This paper mainly studies the stability estimation of phase recovery from the measurement of discrete linear canonical Gabor transformation (DLCGT). We first show that we can recover the signal
on the connected components of
in global phase sense. Then, we give the stability estimates results from the DLCGT measurements and the autocorrelation relation.
Clinical preferences and treatment attitudes among urologists, gynecologists, and geriatricians: An independent online questionnaire survey for comparison of treatment choices in the management of overactive bladder
Authors: Onur Rahmi , Bayrak Ömer , Coşkun Burhan , Tahra Ahmet , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Buyuran Gorkem , Mega Ertunc , Gungor Ugurlucan Funda , Ozturk Gulistan Bahat
Published: September 2022

Objective

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common clinical problem with associated morbidities both in men and women. Although real‐life management strategies have been examined among urologists (URO), treatment choices may differ between different specialties. In the present study, an online survey was conducted to determine and compare the management strategies and clinical preferences of UROs, obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYN), and geriatricians (GER) in the treatment of OAB in their daily practices.

Methods

Between December 2020 and February 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to URO, OB/GYN, and GER specialists/residents. Current strategies and attitudes toward treatment of OAB in patients <65 years were compared between URO and OB/GYN, whereas the responses were compared between all three specialties in patients ≥65 years.

Results

A total of 733 specialists/physicians (433 URO, 236 OB/GYN, and 64 GER) completed the online survey. Patients with OAB were more likely to present to URO compared to OB/GYN and GER (p = 0.001). A combination of behavioral modification and pharmacotherapy (antimuscarinics and/or beta‐3 agonists) were chosen for the initial treatment of patients with OAB in both specialties with a significantly higher proportion by URO than by OB/GYN (51.9% vs. 38.1%; p = 0.001). Antimuscarinics were the most frequently prescribed medications by both the URO and OB/GYN specialties (81.8% vs. 78.4%; p = 0.27). Combination therapy with antimuscarinics was preferred more often by URO (91.5% vs. 77.1%; p = 0.001) when no or an inadequate response after initial treatment occurred. Multiple medication use, comorbidities, and risk of cognitive side effects affected medication preference by all specialists, especially by GER (p = 0.018).

Conclusions

Patients with OAB present to UROs, OB/GYN and GER more frequently compared to other specialities. Although antimuscarinics and beta‐3 adrenoceptor agonists are equally recommended as first‐line pharmacotherapy for OAB, antimuscarinics were preferred for most patients as the initial molecule by all specialties. Beta‐3 agonists are increasingly preferred for elderly patients.
Exercise for preventing falls in post‐stroke patients: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Xu Ke , Sun Yuyan , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Yan Fang , Tang Siyuan
Published: September 2022

Falls are a great concern for poststroke patients. Various interventions have been developed over the past few decades to prevent falls. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains to be investigated. These authors aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on the prevention of poststroke falls. CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the prevention of falls after stroke from inception to September 2021. The primary result was the number of falls. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for all studies. In Stata 15.1, the effects of multiple interventions were compared using Bayesian networks. A total of 15 RCTs with 8 kinds of exercise interventions were included. Balance training (BT) was the most effective way to prevent falls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.46, p < 0.05). Moreover, cognition and movement multitask training (CMM) (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.09–0.96, p < 0.05); Multimodal Exercise (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11–0.84, p < 0.05) and Resistance Exercise (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15–0.84, p < 0.05) were ranked as second, third and fourth most effective, respectively. The effect of Walking‐based Intervention was the worst (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.57–4.67, p > 0.05). BT and CMM are the preferred exercise interventions for the prevention of poststroke falls. A further investigation is needed to compare the effectiveness between BT and CMM for populations at high risk of falling after stroke.
Electrospun poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone)/gelatin core–shell nanofibers encapsulated with doxorubicin hydrochloride as a drug delivery system
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Lei , Huang Yifan , Hou Chao , Xin Binjie , Li Tingxiao , Jiang Qian
Published: September 2022

Advanced application of coaxial electrospinning nanofibers in controlled drug release systems has gathered much attention since they have had a tunable structure for tailored release of drugs, including various proteins, growth factors, antibacterial and anticancer agents. The composite polymer poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) blended with gelatin (GE) was used as the shell material to electrospin core–shell nanofibers. Model drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was encapsulated in the core layers. The morphology and core–shell structure were evaluated by SEM and TEM respectively. The existence of DOX in the inner part of DOX/PLCL/GE nanofibers could be proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. The water contact angle test results indicated that DOX/PLCL/GE nanofibers all possess good hydrophilicity with water contact angles as low as 51.2°. The in vitro release results indicated that the DOX/PLCL/GE nanofibers showed a sustained release profile for 480 h. The fitting results showed that the release kinetics of DOX from nanofibers was consistent with a Ritger–Peppas model, presenting a typical Fickian diffusion mechanism. Overall, the DOX/PLCL/GE core–shell nanofibers showed regulable mechanical properties and could be used as a promising drug release system for drug sustained release and tissue engineering. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
PASS neurocognitive assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Otero Tulio M. , Naglieri Jack A.
Published: September 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges yet it is defined and diagnosed by the absence or presence of behaviors described in, for example, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5. Descriptions of the disorder include symptoms such as intellectual impairment or a neurodevelopmental disorder. In this study, we examined the pattern of scores obtained for individuals with ASD in comparison to those with specific learning disability (SLD; reading decoding) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across several traditional intelligence and neurocognitive tests. We anticipated, and found, that the profile for students with ASD (a specific weakness in attention) was observed and that pattern was different for the SLD and ADHD samples.
“Everyone has their story”: Intergroup dialogue's potential to cultivate connection through the sharing of migration narratives
Authors: Castro Elena Maker , Medina Christian , Suárez‐Orozco Carola
Published: September 2022

Immigrant‐origin (I‐O) youth face increasing anti‐immigrant rhetoric in the United States, including in their schools. School‐based intergroup dialogue programming may help I‐O youth and their peers build a more inclusionary culture. We qualitatively examined how I‐O youth and their peers experienced a week‐long school‐wide intergroup dialogue program that aimed to foster connection among participants at a Northeastern high school. Participants’ (N = 159) experience in the program were analyzed using post‐program reflections. Participants were 53% female and 74% underclassmen; 59% Latinx, 14% Black, 13% multiracial, 9% White, and 5% Asian and Middle Eastern; generationally, 54% identified as second‐generation immigrants, 38% as nonimmigrant origin, and 8% as first‐generation. Participation in the program produced mixed results. For many, participation led to a greater sense of connection; youth reported that they learned about their peers, the immigrant experience, and sometimes, themselves. Connection was especially fostered among the dominant demographic groups in the school: second‐generation and Latinx youth. Learning about others was less likely to cultivate connections when participants could not relate their own experiences, and at times even made participants feel more different from their peers. Intergroup dialogue has the potential to foster connection when participants are able to relate across experiences.
Relationship quality and psychophysiological distress for underserved breast cancer patients and their caregiver before treatment
Authors: Roberson Patricia N. E. , Cortez Gina , Freeman Teri , Lloyd Jillian , Tasman Jordan , Woods Sarah B.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Breast cancer patients and caregivers experience biobehavioral reactivity (e.g., depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue) during breast cancer treatment which predicts cancer recurrence and mortality. High quality patient‐caregiver relationships can mitigate this distress during treatment, but this association is unclear pre‐treatment. Identifying early interventions that target high risk Appalachian patients could impact biobehavioral reactivity.

Methods

We recruited 55 breast cancer patient‐caregiver dyads to complete a self‐report survey after diagnosis but before treatment. We used a series of Actor‐Partner Interdependence Models to test the hypotheses that both patient and caregiver relationship quality would be linked to their own and their partners' biobehavioral reactivity.

Results

Caregiver reported marital quality lower caregiver anxiety, patient anxiety, caregiver depression, patient depression, caregiver pain, and caregiver fatigue. Interestingly, patient‐reported marital quality was linked with higher caregiver anxiety, higher patient anxiety, lower patient depression, and lower patient pain. Patients reported family quality was linked to lower patient and caregiver pain.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that pre‐treatment marital and family quality levels are directly related to psychophysiological measures in both the caregiver and the patient, though sometimes in unexpected directions. Additionally, our findings potentially reveal an opportunity to intervene at the time of diagnosis to improve relationship quality, impacting patient and caregiver psychophysiological outcomes.
Feasibility and acceptability of written exposure therapy in addressing posttraumatic stress disorder in Iranian patients with breast cancer
Authors: Zolfa Reihane , Moradi Alireza , Mahdavi Mohammad , Parhoon Hadi , Parhoon Kamal , Jobson Laura
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of written exposure therapy (WET) in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iranian women with breast cancer. Secondary aims included examining the influence of WET on quality of life (QoL), overgeneral memory and illness perceptions.

Method

Forty‐six females with breast cancer and clinical symptoms of PTSD referred to the Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran were randomly assigned to either WET (n = 23) or control (n = 23) groups. WET is a 5‐session low‐intensity exposure‐based intervention for treating PTSD. The control group had no additional contact. Measures assessing PTSD, illness perceptions, overgeneral memory, and QoL were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

Acceptability of WET was high; all participants completed all WET sessions. At post‐intervention, 95.65% of the WET group met criteria for reliable change and 100% met criteria for minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and clinically significant change in PTSD symptom improvement. At follow‐up, all WET participants met criteria for reliable change, MCID and clinically significant change in PTSD symptom improvement. No participants in the control group met reliable change, MCID or clinically significant change. The WET group had improved QoL and memory specificity and decreased threatening illness perceptions at post‐intervention and follow‐up when compared to controls.

Conclusion

WET may be a useful intervention for use with breast cancer patients with PTSD symptoms and may be an important adjunct to medical and pharmacological treatments, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study indicates further research in this area is warranted.
“Psychological characteristics of functional respiratory disorders in children and adolescents—Pilot study”
Authors: Niggemann Bodo , Maas Ronja , Suerbaum Claudia , Spindler Thomas , Kohl Andreas , Koerner‐Rettberg Cordula , Burghardt Roland
Published: September 2022

Background

Aim of our prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized study was to identify characteristic features and similarities of patients with functional respiratory disorders regarding socio‐familial and behavioral aspects, in comparison with controls in a cross‐sectional analysis using standardized psychological questionnaires. Furthermore, we investigated the longitudinal outcome of symptoms, effects of primary interventions and the stability of psychological traits 6 months after diagnosis and primary intervention.

Methods

Initially, 106 patients (68 females, 27 males) and 58 controls (33 females, 25 males) were recruited for the study. Mean age was 12.6 years in patients and 11.9 years in controls.

Results

The child behavior checklist (CBCL) showed significantly increased scores for anxious/depressed (p = 0.002) and schizoid/obsessive (p = 0.001) behavior in patients. A trend was evident for internalizing behavior (p = 0.009) and for a higher total score (p = 0.008). In the self‐assessment youth self‐report (YSR), there was a trend towards higher values for anxious/depressed behavior in patients (p = 0.06) and towards more externalizing behavior (p = 0.029) in the control group. After 6 months, 31% of the patients were free of symptoms, 42% had improved. For themselves, parents reported a decreased burden from 56% to 23% (p < 0.001) and decreased impairment from 57% to 30% (p < 0.008). For their children, parents reported a decrease from 45% to 16% (p < 0.0001) and from 74% to 37% (p < 0.0001), respectively. A longitudinal comparison from T1 to T2 showed no statistically significant changes in all three psychological questionnaires (CBCL, YSR, and SOMS‐KJ).

Conclusions

In summary, we show that patients with functional respiratory disorders differ from healthy subjects, with internalizing behavior being a characteristic trait. The outcome in terms of symptoms, perceived psycho‐familial burden and impairment after 6 months is encouraging. However, we are aware that our preliminary data offer thought‐provoking impulses rather than firm findings.
A method for selective 19F‐labeling absent of probe sequestration (SLAPS)
Authors: Dixon Austin D. , Robson Scott A. , Trinidad Jonathan C. , Ziarek Joshua J.
Published: September 2022

Fluorine (19F) offers several distinct advantages for biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy such as no background signal, 100% natural abundance, high sensitivity, and a large chemical shift range. Exogenous cysteine‐reactive 19F‐probes have proven especially indispensable for characterizing large, challenging systems that are less amenable to other isotopic labeling strategies such as G protein‐coupled receptors. As fluorine linewidths are inherently broad, limiting reactions with offsite cysteines is critical for spectral simplification and accurate deconvolution of component peaks—especially when analyzing systems with intermediate to slow timescale conformational exchange. Here, we uncovered noncovalent probe sequestration by detergent proteomicelles as a second source of offsite labeling when using the popular 19F‐probe BTFMA (2‐bromo‐N‐(4‐[trifluoromethyl]phenyl)acetamide). The chemical shift and relaxation rates of these unreacted 19F‐BTFMA molecules are insufficient to distinguish them from protein‐conjugates, but they can be easily identified using mass spectrometry. We present a simple four‐step protocol for Selective Labeling Absent of Probe Sequestration (SLAPS): physically disrupt cell membranes in the absence of detergent, incubate membranes with cysteine‐reactive 19F‐BTFMA, remove excess unreacted 19F‐BTFMA molecules via ultracentrifugation, and finally solubilize in the detergent of choice. Our approach builds upon the in‐membrane chemical modification method with the addition of one crucial step: removal of unreacted 19F‐probes by ultracentrifugation prior to detergent solubilization. SLAPS is broadly applicable to other lipophilic cysteine‐reactive probes and membrane protein classes solubilized in detergent micelles or lipid mimetics.