bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electric Vehicle BMS Subdivision Technology Patent Distribution Analysis
Authors: Yurong Huang , Yuanyuan Hou , Jingyan Zhou , Jing Qiao
Published: November 2019

Patents is one of the most important achievements of technology innovation. This article analyze the technology research and development of subdivision technology of the electric vehicles battery management system from the perspective of patent, analyze the research progress of every subdivision technology, the main innovation country, and the main body of innovation, in order to provide intelligence support for the enterprise technology research and development and looking for partners.
Simulation Analysis of Wind Turbine Grid Operation Based on PSCAD
Authors: Yue Chao , Wang Donghui , Qi Qiumin
Published: November 2019

With its advantages of pollution-free and low cost, wind power has considerable market and huge development space in many new energy power generation systems. With the increasing installed capacity of wind power, the grid’s acceptance of large-scale wind power has become a new problem. It is very necessary to study the operation characteristics of wind turbines and the related characteristics of grid-connected wind turbines. By analyzing the basic structure and working principle of wind turbine, this article studies the grid-connected control system with permanent magnet motor as the core, designs the corresponding grid-connected control circuit and simulates the grid-connected situation of wind turbine by building PSCAD model.
Study on A Fault Isolation Device in Low-voltage Network
Authors: LI Lei
Published: November 2019

A fault isolation device was designed in order to overcome the shortage of the traditional protective system. The corresponding circuit model was established and the character was analyzed when leakage occurred. Simulation study was carried out in this paper. The results show that a coupling voltage can be gotten which can drive the control system when leakage occurred. The adjustable capacity can be input reasonable by compare the supply voltage and voltage drop of the isolation device, thus the resonance parameters can be adjusted online and the electrical fault can be isolated effectively.
Optimum Design of Converter and Circuit Breaker in High Voltage DC System
Authors: Lu Yufeng , Su Yi , Liang Zhaoting , Lu Yifan
Published: November 2019

Recently, the shortage in fossil fuel causes the inflation around the world. Every nation is aware of the energy dependence on the imported oil and starts to invest on the replaceable energy such as fuel cell, solar cell and wind power. Besides of exploring more energy, cutting off the energy waste is another solution. At present, there are more digital electronics and applications of variable-frequency motors utilized at home or in office building in order to enhance the efficiency and performance. In addition, in IT industry, the amount of energy consumption in data centers is always an issue worthy to be considered. Due to the strict requirement of electricity quality, uninterruptable power system and protection facility are implemented which would result in loss in the process of electricity transmission. Therefore, with a little improvement in efficiency, considerable energy waste would be saved.
Research on Transmission Lines Early Warning Technology Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yang Kelin , Xu Yongsheng , Li Peng , Shao Ning
Published: November 2019

At the present stage, high-voltage transmission lines are distributed in long distance chains, with large space span, complicated meteorological and geographical environment. The operating environment of the transmission lines is poor. Hence, manual patrol and maintenance are difficult. Various faults are very likely to affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid system. Therefore, this paper proposes a transmission lines early warning method based on Deep Learning. Through object detection technology of Deep Learning, intrusion objects in the monitoring screen are automatically identified, at same time, their positions and types are marked. The experimental results show that this method has high accuracy and is suitable for the current power grid monitoring system.
Fault Location Technology Research on Single Phase-to- ground Fault in Distribution Networks with Phase-to-phase Power Supply Lines
Authors: Qi Zheng , Hang Tianqi
Published: November 2019

Nowadays phase-to-phase power supply lines are adopted to part of MV distribution networks in order to improve the cost-effectiveness. However, the propagation of traveling wave is complicated if the single phase-to-ground fault occurs, which affects the accuracy of the fault location. This paper proposes a novel method. It considers the propagation mechanism of traveling wave produced by single phase-to-ground fault, including phase-mode transformation, the velocity of different mode, and the propagation characteristic at boundary. Whether the fault position is at the phase-to-phase power supply lines or the three-phase power supply lines can be identified and the fault distance calculated based on the time difference of the arrival surge between the aerial-mode and zero-mode components. EMTP/ATP simulation software verifies the reliability and accuracy of the method.
A Method of Single Phase-to-ground Fault Section Location for Closed-loop Distribution Networks
Authors: Qi Zheng , Xue Rong
Published: November 2019

In the field of fault location technology for neutral point non-effectively grounded distribution network, the original radial mode of operation is no longer applicable due to the gradual expansion of the scope of application of loop operation mode. By analyzing the zero-sequence equivalent circuit of closed-loop network, this paper finds out the characteristics of zero-sequence current when single phase-to-ground fault occurs in different sections, and puts forward the location method according to the characteristics. ATP simulation shows that this method is accurate and effective.
Research on Reactive Power Adjustment Capability of Hydro-generators
Authors: Jiang Dawei , Qian Xinyu , Yu Longbin , Wang Guanyu , Zhao Zijian , Cheng Xiang , Li Jing
Published: November 2019

With the continuous access of new energy sources to the power grid, the requirements of the power grid for reactive power adjustment capability are also continuously improving, and stronger reactive power adjustment capability is needed to keep the power grid voltage in a controllable range.To maintain the terminal voltage level of the generator, improve the operation stability of the power system, a superior excitation control mode is proposed in this paper. The open loop control and PID control under full load and partial load conditions are compared. The conclusions have some reference value for the study of reactive power adjustment capability of hydro-generators.
Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based On Electric Equipment
Authors: Sun Yu , Yan Gangfeng , Shi Xiasheng
Published: November 2019

Traditional methods for detecting data anomalies of power equipment fail to fully mine the data characteristics. And it has shortcomings such as complex calculation, poor flexibility and low accuracy. To solve the problem of abnormal fault detection of electric equipment, the abnormal detection algorithm based on statistical analysis and machine learning is used in the paper. The reconstruction method based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) time sequence is proposed for time series data abnormal detection. Experiments show that the new method is effective in detecting and correcting abnormal data, which reduces the detection time and improves the accuracy of state estimation results. There are huge differences within the positive samples in anomaly detection, so several methods are studied in the paper. One-class SVM algorithm is often used in novelty detection and isolation forest algorithm is used in outlier detection. Machine learning methods which is based on statistical analysis will play an increasingly important role in the fields of equipment monitoring and predictive maintenance, safety of electric equipment.
Modeling and simulation of basic components and transmission line based on Time Scale Frame Transformation
Authors: Cai Yanmeng , Yao Shujun
Published: November 2019

With the application of HVDC and flexible AC transmission in the power system, the rapid transient process of power electronic switches makes it impossible for electromechanical transient model based on the ‘quasi-steady state’ assumption unable to accurately reflect its changing process. At the same time, the increasing scale of the power system and the large number of higher harmonics brought by power electronic switches make the simulation results of the traditional electromagnetic transient model, which considers small step size, not fast enough. Based on the analysis and summary of the existing frequency reduction principles, this paper proposes time scale transformation for electromagnetic transient simulation with large step size, and uses it to establish the time scale frame phasor models of basic AC components and transmission lines. Finally, an example is given to show that the method is correct and effective.
Coordinated control method of active and reactive power for voltage regulation in distribution systems with high-penetration PV
Authors: Yang Xiaobin , Lin Guosong , Feng Xuanzhi , Chen Nanling , Ma Zhanlei , Chen Zuxiang
Published: November 2019

Owing to the intermittent and randomness of solar radiation, high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) energy injected into power distribution systems will inevitably change the magnitude and direction of the power flow, thus causing problems such as voltage violation of the point of common coupling (PCC) and further having a hazardous influence on consumers’ electricity quality. And the communication construction of China’s distribution systems is now relatively weak, difficultly integrating multiple voltage regulation equipment. To improve consumers’ voltage quality at the PCC, a coordinated control method based on active and reactive power of local inverter is proposed. This method can realize the economic regulation of the voltage at the PCC through reactive compensation and active reduction, which can maximumly assure the voltage magnitude at the PCC within limits (including upper and lower limits) and maximize the utilization capacity of PV inverter. Based on Matlab/Simulink, simulation results in different scenarios show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Variable FOV of Target Laser Tracking System
Authors: xianyu Meng , guohua Cao , qiongying Lv , bing Jia
Published: November 2019

In this paper, based on the research of the basic principle of laser tracking measurement, a variable field of view laser radar tracking measurement system was designed. The system can be divided into three parts: laser scanning and ranging module, data processing module and double galvanometer field of view capture tracking module. According to the application requirements, the overall scheme of the optical system and mechanical structure was determined, and the three-dimensional model of the tracking measurement system was established. Based on the debugging of the system, tracking measurement experiment of targets field of view was completed. Through the experimental study of the variable field of view, the results show the feasibility of the variable field of view measurement target. Advantage analysis was performed by comparing the experiments of full field of view scanning. The variable point field system has a higher point cloud density than the full field of view. It can meet various tasks such as equipment manufacturing and installation, engineering measurement, and construction. demand.
Research on Motion Path Planning of Six Degrees of Freedom Robot Based on Fuzzy Control Algorithm
Authors: Qi Liu , Baohua Li , Ying Wang , Yao Gou , Shuo Li , Kai Liang
Published: November 2019

Aiming at the trajectory planning problem of six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot in fixed space, this paper extends the trajectory optimization to the actuator control optimization of each joint of industrial robot. At the same time, the control algorithm of each joint steering gear of the robot under the specified path is given. Finally, the whole control strategy is simulated by the software of matlab, and the simulation results are good. The trajectory planning method of six-degree-of-freedom industrial robots proposed in this paper can be used for reference in general industrial process control.
Research on Weld Quality Detection Method Based on Machine Vision and Computer Image Processing
Authors: Xue Bin , Ma Shufang , Chu Huihui , Liu Kang , Jiao Shuangben , Meng Qingsen
Published: November 2019

In the weld quality inspection system based on machine vision and computer image processing, according to the principle of laser triangulation, a line laser is used to project structured light on the weld surface, and the weldment moves uniformly in a straight line on the moving platform. At the same time, the CMOS camera captures the structured light image and transmits it to the industrial computer through Gigabit Ethernet. The image is denoised by the median filtering algorithm on the industrial computer, then the image is segmented by the maximum inter-class error (Otus) method, and the image is binarized according to the threshold value. Then the center of the stripe is extracted by constructing four direction templates, and the 3D model is reconstructed by curve fitting. After the completion of the image processing, the geometric size of the weld is measured by mathematical formula. After the weld seam measurement is completed, the weld seam is transversely cut off at the same position, measured by manual method, and then the data measured by the two methods are compared. Through repeated measurements and comparisons of weld width, residual height and back forming, the precision of the system meets the practical requirements. The weld forming varies with the welding parameters within a certain range, but changes little and has good stability.
Research on Intelligent Shopping Robot Based on PLC
Authors: Ying Wang , yao Gou , Qi Liu , Zhuang Liu , Baohua Li , Kai Liang , Shuo Li
Published: November 2019

For the large variety of shopping malls, supermarkets, cafeterias and other places, customers need to spend a lot of time looking for goods. Due to this, a smart shopping guide is designed based on PLC. The robot mainly uses the CPU 224 controller to control the motor to drive at a speed of 1 m/s, and the DC brushless motor can load 75 kg of goods at a constant speed. If the distance between the pedestrian and the robot exceeds the allowable range, the CPU will execute the interrupt program and the robot will stop moving to avoid the pedestrian until the pedestrian completely walks out of the maximum allowable range. The sensor could not detect the pedestrian, and the CPU controlled robot continued to work. After testing, this robot can reduce the time spent by customers in finding goods, which greatly saves manpower and material resources.
Antibody against Na/K-ATPase Inhibitor Lowers Blood Pressure and Increases Vascular Fli1 in Experimental Preeclampsia
Authors: Agalakova Natalia I , Reznik Vitaly A , Nadei Olga V , Ershov Ivan A , Rassokha Olga S , Vasyutina Marina L , Ivanov Dmitry O , Adair C David , Galagudza Michael M , Bagrov Alexei Y
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Previous studies implicated cardiotonic steroids, including Na/K-ATPase inhibitor marinobufagenin (MBG), in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). We demonstrated that MBG induces fibrosis via mechanism involving inhibition of Fli1, a nuclear transcription factor and a negative regulator of collagen-1 synthesis. We hypothesized that PE blockade of increased MBG with antibody would lessen the fibrosis of umbilical arteries and lower the blood pressure in rats with PE.

METHODS

We tested 36 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in which 12 were made hypertensive by 1.8% Na supplementation (days 6–19 of gestation), 12 pregnant rats served controls. At day 19, PE rats received one intraperitoneal injection of polyclonal anti-MBG-4 antibody (0.5 ug/ml) for 4 hours.

RESULTS

PE was associated with higher blood pressure (117 ± 2 vs. 107 ± 2 mm Hg; P < 0.01), plasma MBG levels (1.54 ± 0.34 vs. 0.49 ± 0.11 nmol/L; P < 0.01), protein excretion (26 vs. 12 mg/24 hours), sFlt-1 (3-fold), decrease in Fli1 (7-fold) and increase in collagen-1 in aorta (4-fold) vs. control rats (all P < 0.01). In 12 rats treated with polyclonal anti-MBG-4 antibody blood pressure dropped (93 ± 3 mm Hg) and Fli1 was decreased much less (2-fold; P < 0.01 vs. nontreated rats).

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate that in experimental PE elevated MBG level is implicated in umbilical fibrosis via suppression of Fli1.
Sequencing of the black rockfish chromosomal genome provides insight into sperm storage in the female ovary
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Wang Xueying , Xiao Yongshuang , Zhao Haixia , Xu Shihong , Wang Yanfeng , Wu Lele , Zhou Li , Du Tengfei , Lv Xuejiao , Li Jun
Published: November 2019

Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is an economically important viviparous marine teleost in Japan, Korea, and China. It is characterized by internal fertilization, long-term sperm storage in the female ovary, and a high abortion rate. For better understanding the mechanism of fertilization and gestation, it is essential to establish a reference genome for viviparous teleosts. Herein, we used a combination of Pacific Biosciences sequel, Illumina sequencing platforms, 10× Genomics, and Hi-C technology to obtain a genome assembly size of 848.31 Mb comprising 24 chromosomes, and contig and scaffold N50 lengths of 2.96 and 35.63 Mb, respectively. We predicted 39.98% repetitive elements, and 26,979 protein-coding genes. S. schlegelii diverged from Gasterosteus aculeatus ∼32.1-56.8 million years ago. Furthermore, sperm remained viable within the ovary for up to 6 months. The glucose transporter SLC2 showed significantly positive genomic selection, and carbohydrate metabolism-related KEGG pathways were significantly up-regulated in ovaries after copulation. In vitro suppression of glycolysis with sodium iodoacetate reduced sperm longevity significantly. The results indicated the importance of carbohydrates in maintaining sperm survivability. Decoding the S. schlegelii genome not only provides new insights into sperm storage; additionally, it is highly valuable for marine researchers and reproduction biologists.
Learning most with least effort: subtitles and cognitive load
Authors: Baranowska Karolina
Published: November 2019

The article reports a study investigating the effects of different subtitling conditions on cognitive load, incidental vocabulary learning, and comprehension. In the study, 63 Polish intermediate learners of English were asked to watch a movie clip and subsequently to answer comprehension questions, take a vocabulary knowledge test, and fill in a self-reported cognitive load questionnaire. They were divided into three groups: one group watched the clip with Polish subtitles, one with English subtitles, and one without subtitles. The findings indicate that intralingual (L2) subtitles assist learners in vocabulary acquisition more than interlingual (L1) subtitles. Moreover, both types of subtitles lower cognitive load, which is accompanied by greater comprehension of the material presented. The results of the study offer some practical implications for EFL teachers and learners.
Btn2 is involved in the clearance of denatured proteins caused by severe ethanol stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kato Sae , Yoshida Masashi , Izawa Shingo
Published: November 2019

Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows similar responses to heat shock and ethanol stress. Cells treated with severe ethanol stress activate the transcription of HSP genes and cause the aggregation of Hsp104-GFP, implying that severe ethanol stress as well as heat shock causes the accumulation of denatured proteins in yeast cells. However, there is currently no concrete evidence to show that severe ethanol stress causes protein denaturation in living yeast cells. In the present study, we investigated whether severe ethanol stress causes protein denaturation, and confirmed that a treatment with 10% (v/v) ethanol stress resulted in the accumulation of insoluble proteins and ubiquitinated proteins in yeast cells. We also found that increased denatured protein levels were efficiently reduced by the ubiquitin–proteasome system after the elimination of ethanol. Since our previous findings demonstrated that the expression of Btn2 was induced by severe ethanol stress, we herein examined the importance of Btn2 in protein quality control in cells treated with severe ethanol stress. btn2∆ cells showed a significant delay in the clearance of denatured proteins during the recovery process. These results provide further insights into the effects of severe ethanol stress on yeast proteostasis and the contribution of Btn2 to the efficient clearance of denatured proteins.
BRAIN FITNESS INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE AND WORRIES ABOUT ALZHEIMER’S: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Wang Kaipeng , Sun Fei , An Qiuling , Han Yanfei , Zhou Yi
Published: November 2019

As one of the world’s fastest aging countries, China’s growing prevalence of Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD) poses concerns among older adults. Lack of knowledge about ADRD and excessive worries about ADRD can cause cumulative stress and threaten physical and psychological well-being of older adults. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a Brain Fitness Intervention (BFI) on the knowledge and worries about Alzheimer’s at three senior residential care facilities in China. Ninety older adults aged 60 and above underwent randomization. Fifty participants in the intervention group received eight weekly BFI sessions, including Tai Chi exercise, experiential learning, and group discussions. The primary outcomes were the changes from baseline to Week 8 in the scores on the ADRD knowledge scale (ranging 5–50) and worry scale (ranging 5–45). Twenty-seven participants withdrew from the study. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that the estimated mean change in knowledge on ADRD was 4.26 in the treatment group and -1.52 in the control group (p < 0.001). The estimated mean change in worries about ADRD was -10.25 in the treatment group and -2.9 in the control group (p < 0.001). Results remained robust in sensitivity analysis adjusting for study sites and baseline characteristics. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the treatment effect became stronger with the increase of age. Findings support the effectiveness of BFI in increasing ADRD knowledge and reducing worries among Chinese older adults. Future trials with larger sample sizes will be needed for more conclusive results.
MY MESSAGE: CUSTOMIZED VISUAL CUES FOR PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA USING ADAPTIVE DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Skrajner Michael , Zeisel John , Gorzelle gregg , Albright Tom , Gepshtein Sergei
Published: November 2019

The My MESSAGE™ (MM) intervention visually conveys individualized messages to persons with dementia (PWD) on adaptive electronic displays in strategic locations activated by an approaching individual. MM aims to improve quality of life (QoL) and reduce challenging behaviors, especially repetitive questioning and wayfinding difficulties. For example, for a PWD who repeatedly asks when his/her daughter will visit, the monitors display a reassuring message, such as, “I love you and will visit soon.” A PWD who has trouble finding his/her bedroom, receives directions on the monitor. MM was tested in a Phase 1 STTR. The sample consisted of 22 PWD: 10 in Experimental Group (EG) and 12 in Control Group (CG). MM had positive immediate impacts on EG participants, with 100% exhibiting positive affect, 80% reduced agitation, 60% reduced anxiety, and 50% improved mood. MM had positive longer-term/generalized impacts on PWD, as well. For the CG, QoL (based on the Dementia Quality of Life Scale) tended to decline from baseline to post-treatment for the CG (p=0.053); with no decline in the EG. Agitation (based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory) tended to increase in the CG (p=0.057); no change was found in the EG. There was a significant decrease in neuropsychiatric symptoms (based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home) for the EG (p=.040); no change was detected for the CG. The results suggest that MM is worthy of further development and evaluation in a planned Phase 2 study.
OBJECTIVELY MEASURED SLEEP CHARACTERISTICS OF OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Laffer Alex , Hicks Hilary J , Losinski Genna , Watts Amber
Published: November 2019

Older adults commonly experience disturbed sleep such as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Older adults who experience impaired sleep are at increased risk for cognitive decline or developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Research has shown that people with AD experience changes in sleep patterns, however, these changes are not well characterized. To better understand sleep in an older adult population with and without AD, the present study aimed to describe and compare objective sleep characteristics in both. Participants were older adults (126 with and 41 without AD) who wore an ActiGraph GT9X monitor on their non-dominant wrist for 7 days in a free-living environment. Results suggest that, compared to those without AD, participants with AD spent significantly more time in bed, t (165) = -4.37, p = .001), slept for longer durations, t (165) = -2.39, p = .044), and had less efficient sleep, t (165) = 2.71, p = .007. Participants with AD also had significantly greater sleep onset latency, more time awake after sleep onset, longer awakening lengths, and tended to arise later in the morning (all p ≤ .016). No differences were found between the groups in age, bedtime, or the number of awakenings during the night. These findings add to our understanding of the sleep disturbances experienced by older adults with and without AD. Significant group differences suggest that interventions may be necessary in treating sleep disturbances for older adults with and without AD. Future studies should examine sleep longitudinally to understand risk factors related to AD.
TASK-SPECIFIC METACOGNITIVE ACCURACY DECLINES ACROSS THE DEMENTIA-ALZHEIMER’S TYPE SPECTRUM
Authors: Rahman-Filipiak Annalise M , Bhaumik Arijit , Giordani Bruno , Paulson Henry , Hampstead Benjamin M
Published: November 2019

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) remain part of the diagnostic criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the prodromal stage of dementia - Alzheimer’s type (DAT), despite weak relationships between self-reported and objectively-measured functioning. Most metacognitive measures focus on ratings of global retrospective memory rating only; greater subtlety in measurement of SCCs is required. Similarly, it is critical to identify the disease stage at which the clinical utility of SCCs is nullified by impaired insight. This study aims to evaluate group differences in (a) task-specific metacognitive ratings, and (b) the accuracy of these ratings in individuals diagnosed as cognitively intact (CI), with aMCI, or with DAT. 99 older adults (M-age = 69.43, SD-age = 6.98; M-edu = 15.54, SD-edu = 2.47; CI: n = 50, aMCI: n = 34, DAT: n = 15) enrolled in the University of Michigan Memory and Aging Project rated their performance on the Object Location Touchscreen Task (OLTT), an ecologically valid memory measure. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that individuals with aMCI-multiple domain or DAT rated their memory performance similarly to CI individuals, though the aMCI-single domain group rated themselves as more impaired. Bivariate Pearson’s r correlations demonstrated a decline in the strength of the relationship between task-specific metacognitive ratings and actual OLTT memory performance with increasing diagnostic severity. These findings suggest a decline in insight on task-specific memory ratings across the DAT spectrum, and call into question the use of self-reported SCCs as a diagnostic tool in later stages of disease progression.
THE LEAD GUIDE: LIFE PLANNING IN EARLY ALZHEIMER’S AND DEMENTIA
Authors: Dassel Kara B , Supiano Katherine , Utz Rebecca , Bybee Sara , Iacob Eli
Published: November 2019

To address the characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) that complicate end-of-life (EOL), we created and validated a dementia-specific EOL planning instrument. This instrument can be used to facilitate discussions and provide documentation of EOL values and care preferences prior to loss of decisional capacity. Instrument development used a mixed-method design that included: a) conducting a series of focus groups (healthy adults, persons with early-stage ADRD, and dementia caregivers) to develop and confirm content, comprehensiveness, and usability, b) evaluation by content experts to verify instrument utility in clinical practice; and c) conducting a national survey of healthy older adults and adults with early-stage ADRD to evaluate instrument psychometric properties. We describe the expansion of the instrument from survey tool into a user-friendly guide: “The LEAD Guide” or Life-Planning in Early Alzheimer’s and Dementias Guide. We describe the utility of the LEAD Guide for persons planning ahead for the possibility of ADRD, those with MCI and their families, for providers to use with patients and families, and for researchers studying the EOL preferences and values of persons in these populations. Instructions specific to each user group are health literacy appropriate, and include a glossary of terms. Age-friendly graphic design and availability in both print and e-versions enhance utility. The LEAD Guide can be utilized to help inform EOL care decisions and ensure that they align with the patient’s values and may serve as the basis of an intervention to support choice in persons with dementia.
ARE YOU READY FOR CHANGE? FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMITMENT TO CHANGE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Chahal Jasleen K , Northrip Kimberly , Silva Dena
Published: November 2019

Commitment to Change (CTC) has been shown to be an effective performance measure of continuing professional development (CPD) training, in that 50-67% of providers choosing CTC also made behavioral changes in clinical practice (Domino et al. 2011; Perkins et al., 2007). However, very little is known about the factors that are associated with a learner committing to practice change. This study presents findings from a retrospective observational study that compared trends across various health profession, demographics, and activity-type categories to identify learner characteristics that may lead to higher CTC responses. Learner data from 2014 -2017 was obtained from two different continuing education office databases. The combined dataset contained 68,365 evaluations from 26,508 learners, of which 22.8% wrote a CTC. At both sites, CTC was more likely if the activity was enduring or charged a fee and less likely for an RSS (p<0.001). Results indicate that CTC varies based on provider demographics, such as profession and specialty. Allied health providers (32.4-37.5%) and health educators (36%) were most likely to make a commitment, followed by nurses (28.6%), physicians (23.9%), pharmacists (14.9%), and dentists (9.1%). Physician specialties and provider region also varied with the highest CTC by geriatricians (50%) and occupational medicine providers (42.3%) and the lowest rates of CTC found in the southeast region. Results of the study will help inform the development and implementation of future CPD in order to successfully engage learners in committing to change clinical practices.
ATRA COMPETENCY STUDY: PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL THERAPISTS SERVING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Kemeny Martha E , Hawkins Brent , Porter Heather
Published: November 2019

Competency concerns the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform specific job tasks. In the field of recreational therapy (RT), four documents from the certification (NCTRC), accreditation (CARTE), and professional association (ATRA) broadly identify areas of competency for RTs. While broad competencies are defined, no specific competencies (i.e., diagnoses, assessments, interventions, theories) are identified. Sixty-seven RT experts, including 10 verified older adult experts with greater than five years experience and peer-reviewed publications, participated in three rounds of a Delphi study to gain content consensus. After experts in each setting identified key terms in the first round, experts reviewed the consolidated list twice to generate the final competency list. Next, all certified recreational therapists were invited to rate the extent that each competency item is being used in RT practice; the extent of their knowledge/skill for each item; and the degree of interest in gaining more knowledge/skill. A total of 1377 recreational therapists participated in the study (88% females, 11% male, 1% non-disclosed) with participants ranging in age from 20-60+ years of age. The study’s findings related to specific diagnostic populations served; interventions/modalities, techniques, standardized assessment tools, and theories utilized; education, training, and counseling topics in treatment; and on-the-horizon treatment and issues. This comprehensive two-part multi-year study is the first to explore current RT practice at a micro-competency level. In the effort to improve practice, these specific competencies necessary for RT practice with older adults are significant to both educators and practitioners in future curriculum and professional development efforts.
OLDER AUSTRALIAN WOMEN’S HUMAN CAPITAL: PERCEPTIONS OF SKILL LEVELS AND PARTICIPATION IN LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Authors: Taylor Philip
Published: November 2019

While business cases for older workers’ employment stress their value it is well-known that they participate less in training activities than younger workers. Women are at particular risk of not accessing training opportunities. Drawing on a survey of 2500 women aged over 50 we report a fine-grained analysis of the types of training women were undertaking and the factors associated with participation in training. The analysis indicates that training is infrequently undertaken in preparation for a new job and large majorities of women see no need to and are not interested in retraining. This is observed across occupational groups, but more commonly among those with low educational levels. A lack of employer support is much less commonly reported as a barrier to older women’s participating in training. The findings suggest that it is primarily at women themselves that efforts aimed at promoting human capital development need to be directed.
HOSPICE VISIT INTENSITY BY PHYSICIANS AND NURSE PRACTITIONERS ON THE GENERAL INPATIENT LEVEL OF CARE
Authors: Christian Thomas J , Teno Joan , Gozalo Pedro L , Plotzke Michael
Published: November 2019

The Medicare Hospice Benefit’s General Inpatient (GIP) level of care provides short-term services for pain and symptom management in an inpatient facility that cannot be managed in the patient’s home. Relatively little is known about how beneficiaries utilize services during GIP care. Among a cohort of Medicare hospice beneficiaries utilizing GIP during Federal Fiscal Year 2014 (FY2014), we used 100% Medicare hospice and Part B claims to identify physician and nurse practitioner services concurrent with GIP dates. We estimated logistic regression models to determine the likelihood a beneficiary never receives physician or nurse practitioner services. We found that among the 1.5 million GIP days serviced in FY2014, more than half (52.4%) lacked any recorded physician or nurse practitioner services. Absence rates for these services were particularly high among hospice GIP days provided in inpatient facilities (69.1% missing services), long-term care hospitals (84.3% missing services), and skilled nursing facilities (85.3% missing services). Moreover, one in five hospice episodes having at least three sequential GIP days lacked any physician or nurse practitioner services. Relative to hospice inpatient units, rates of absence were higher among episodes beginning in long-term care hospitals [59.3% long-term care hospital vs. 11.5% hospice inpatient units; AOR 9.65 95% CI 7.47-12.46] and skilled nursing facilities [51.3% skilled nursing facility vs. 11.5% hospice inpatient units; AOR 5.98, 95% CI 5.63-6.36]. More in depth research and monitoring is needed to further understand dimensions of GIP care provision, to ensure that hospice beneficiaries are receiving adequate services regardless of their inpatient setting.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOALS OF CARE DECISION AID IN NURSING HOMES: AN EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTION
Authors: Chisholm Latarsha , Hanson Laura , Zimmerman Sheryl , Rosemond Cherie , Weiner Bryan , McConnell Eleanor S
Published: November 2019

Nursing homes (NH) must implement best practices to improve care. The purpose of this study is to understand NH characteristics that help or hinder implementation of the Goals of Care (GOC) intervention, an evidence-based decision aid to guide decision-making in advanced dementia. Study design was a cross-sectional staff survey at 11 NHs in North Carolina that participated in the GOC trial. Questions measured the dependent variable of implementation effectiveness (IE) (the consistency and quality of use of the GOC intervention). NH organizational characteristics were measured using publicly available data and administrator surveys. Averages were obtained, IE and NH factors above the average were ranked as high and vice versa. Analysis consisted of pattern matching logic, predicted results are compared to actual results, using within-case and cross-case analyses. NHs with high IE were expected to have the majority (five or more) of NH characteristics to be high to confirm the within (within-case analysis) and between (cross-case analysis) relationships. Within-case analysis expected results were met in 5 NHs, with 3 highs (IE high and five or more characteristics were high) and 2 lows (IE low and five or more characteristics were low). Among three NHs with high IE, the following characteristics were high: Medicare and SNF/ICF beds. Across 6 of the 11 NHs, high total beds and percent of White residents were related to high IE. NHs with enhanced resources may have fewer challenges implementing innovations compared to resource constrained NHs. Implementation strategies should account for resource limitations to promote successful implementation.
CONSERVATION OF INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING MECHANISMS ACROSS PRIMATES
Authors: Cohen Alan A , Wey Tina W , Dansereau Gabriel , Roberge Emy , Legault Véronique , Brunet Marie , Kemnitz Joseph W , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: November 2019

Physiological dysregulation (PD) and integrated albunemia (IA) are organism-level aging mechanisms that can be measured using standard biomarkers, and in humans they have been shown to increase with age and predict health outcomes. Here, we use 10 species from the Internet Primate Aging Database (iPAD), a longitudinal database of biomarkers and mortality in captive primates, to analyze the generalizability of the role of PD and IA in aging, as well as the conservation of the underlying physiology. Human patterns are broadly but not universally replicated in primates. For example, PD increases with age in nine of eleven species, and predicts mortality in three of four. Both IA and PD can to some extent be cross-calibrated across species, indicating surprising conservation of underlying homeostatic norms; in the case of PD, the calibration weakens with phylogenetic distance.
MECHANISMS OF LONGEVITY: LESSONS FROM LONG-LIVED MAMMALS
Authors: Gorbunova Vera
Published: November 2019

Animals have evolved a dramatic diversity of aging rates with lifespans ranging from 2 years to 200 years. This natural diversity of lifespan can be exploited to understand the mechanisms of longevity and develop anti-aging interventions. Our goal is to identify mechanisms that allow such exceptionally long-lived animals to live long and healthy lives and then use these mechanisms to benefit human health. Naked mole rat is the longest-lived rodent with the maximum lifespan of 32 years. We discovered that the mechanism of longevity and cancer resistance in the naked mole rat mediated by high molecular weight hyaluronan. I will discuss the mouse model we generated that mimics the naked mole rat and shows increased healthspan and lifespan. I will also the role of SIRT6 in mediating longevity across mammals and in human centenarians by improving DNA repair and silencing transposable elements.
GENOME-WIDE RELAXATION OF SELECTIVE CONSTRAINTS UNDERLIES THE EVOLUTION OF SHORT LIFE SPAN IN AFRICAN KILLIFISHES
Authors: Valenzano Dario Riccardo , Cui Rongfeng
Published: November 2019

African killifishes independently evolved annual life cycles at least three times, offering a unique natural experiment of diversification of life history strategies. Using a comprehensive whole-genome sampling of 46 species of African killifishes, we found that genome size correlates with annual life style and climate. Annual species underwent genome-wide expansion of transposable elements, higher gene family turn-over rates and relaxed selection in genes in known aging pathways, such as mitochondrial replication and translation, mTOR pathway and DNA repair. Whole-genome resequencing in wild Nothobranchius populations showed bottle-necks and a genome-wide signature of relaxation of selection in populations evolved in dryer climates. In conclusion, evolution in ephemeral environments in African killifishes caused an extensive relaxation of selective constraints at genome-wide level. We discovered that, in African killifishes, ecology drove the evolution of short life span, associated to tens of thousands of slightly deleterious mutations driven to intermediate to high frequencies.
MARMOSET MONKEYS AS A MODEL OF AGING
Authors: Tardif Suzette , Ross Corinna
Published: November 2019

Interest in the New World Monkey, the common marmoset, as a nonhuman primate aging model is growing. Because marmosets have a fast maturation and short life span compared with more commonly used Old World monkey models, the aging research community began to explore the potential of this model species. In addition, the relative ease with which marmosets can be bred in a barrier environment enhances their value as a life-span model. Since that time, efforts to better define what aging actually looks like in marmosets has intensified. Important findings of the past decade include: (1) a refined definition of lifespan in this species and what affects age-specific survival; (2) assessments of age-related pathological changes; (3) development of functional phenotyping relevant to aging, such as activiyy, strength, body composition, cytokine profiling; (4) support of studies using the marmoset as a preclinical model to test intervention that may modulate the aging process.
THE PIPELINE OF GEROPSYCHOLOGY: INTEGRATION OF CLINICAL AND ACADEMIC CAREER TRAJECTORIES
Authors: Dorman Hillary , Strong Jessica V , Tighe Caitlan A , Mast Benjamin T , Allen Rebecca S
Published: November 2019

The current exploratory study aimed to identify factors influencing gerospychologists’ career trajectories, discerning what is “attractive” and “unattractive” across common career options. Participants rated career characteristics similarly (higher starting salary attractive, administrative tasks unattractive in a clinical VA; setting own hours attractive, few collaboration opportunities unattractive in a clinical non-VA; work variety attractive, publication expectations unattractive in academia). Interestingly, men found a clinical VA’s set hours more unattractive (t(50) = -2.59, p = .010). Sex differences also were evident in career change feasibility. 50% of respondents would consider switching careers (61% clinical to academia, 79% academia to clinical). Men were significantly more likely to consider switching from clinical to academia (χ2(2) = 6.33, p = .042) and find it feasible (χ2(2) = 8.92, p = .012). Enhancing our understanding of what encourages/discourages careers in geropsychology is needed to address the workforce shortage; this study takes important steps in this direction.
CAREER PERCEPTIONS AND IDEALS FOR CLINICALLY FOCUSED AND ACADEMIC PSYCHOLOGY CAREERS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
Authors: Strong Jessica , Allen Rebecca , Tighe Caitlan , Jacobs Mary , Dorman Hillary , Mast Benjamin
Published: November 2019

More psychologists who have specialty training in geriatrics are needed to meet the growing demand. However, there is a shortage of individuals in academic geropsychology, which feeds the clinical geropsychology pipeline. Barriers to recruiting trainees into jobs in academia are not well understood. The current mixed-methods study examined trainees’ perceptions of clinically-focused and academic jobs, and discrepancies between professional psychologists actual and ideal job activities. Results found that trainees have less accurate perceptions of the activities of academic compared to clinically-focused jobs. Interviews with trainees revealed negative perceptions of the university system, including bureaucracy, salary, and perceived workload. However, professional psychologists, both clinical and academic, reported high agreement between actual and ideal activities. Academic psychologists reported desiring more time in clinical work, without reducing research or teaching time. Clinically-focused psychologists desired and increase in research and teaching time without sacrificing clinical activities. Each group discussed struggles in obtaining work-life balance.
HEALTH INSURANCE AND HEALTH CARE DECISION-MAKING FOR ADULTS IN THE PRE-MEDICARE YEARS: FINDINGS FROM NATIONAL SURVEYS
Authors: Solway Erica , Tipirneni Renuka , Solway Erica
Published: November 2019

As more Americans approach retirement age and eligibility for Medicare coverage, many face difficult decisions about their health insurance and health care. This session explores how adults age 50-64 are navigating these choices following implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), presenting data from two nationally representative surveys: The University of Michigan’s National Poll on Healthy Aging (NPHA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Erica Solway, Associate Director of the NPHA, will begin by presenting background information about the NPHA and an overview of critical health policy issues for adults age 50-64. Jamie Luster, Research Area Specialist at the University of Michigan, will then provide NPHA findings linking concerns about health insurance affordability with delayed/forgone health care. Next, Aaron Scherer, Associate of Internal Medicine at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, will discuss NPHA findings on factors associated with adults’ concern about affordability of health insurance in retirement but before Medicare eligibility begins at age 65. Finally, Renuka Tipirneni, Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan, will present findings based on the HRS on changes in health care utilization for adults age 55-64 since implementation of the ACA’s Medicaid expansion. To conclude, Erica Solway will discuss current federal health care policy proposals for adults age 50-64, including the recent introduction of the Medicare at 50 bill, and how the perspectives and experiences of adults in this age group can help inform those policies.