bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association between physical activity and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany
Authors: Cleven Laura , Krell-Roesch Janina , Schmidt Steffen C. E. , Dziuba Anna , Bös Klaus , Jekauc Darko , Woll Alexander
Published: November 2022

We examined the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among middle-aged, community-dwelling adults, including 591 individuals (314 females; mean (SD) age, 43.8 (8.5) years) who were free of MetS at baseline. Habitual and sports-related PA was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. MetS was defined based on HDL-cholesterols, triglycerides, glucose or HbA1c, blood pressure, and waist circumference. We calculated Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using regression analyses. Over a mean follow-up of 12.5 years, 205 participants developed incident MetS. Four different sports-related PA measures were associated with a decreased risk of incident MetS: (1) Engaging in ≥ 75 min/week (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.94), (2) maintaining a continuously high amount from baseline to follow-up of ≥ 75 min/week (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94), (3) starting from < 150 min/week at baseline to ≥ 150 min/week at follow-up (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.94), and (4) increasing from < 16.6 MET-hours/week at baseline to ≥ 16.6 MET-hours/week at follow-up (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.71). Thus, maintaining, starting or increasing sports-related PA is associated with a lower risk of incident MetS.
Source apportionment of soil heavy metals with PMF model and Pb isotopes in an intermountain basin of Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Zeng Tao , Ma Long , Li Yizhen , Abuduwaili Jilili , Liu Wen , Feng Sen
Published: November 2022

A boom in tourism may lead to the enrichment in heavy metals (HMs) in soils. Contamination with HMs poses a significant threat to the security of the soil environment. In this study, topsoil samples were collected from a tourist area of Sayram Lake, and the concentrations of HMs (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd) were determined. With contamination and eco-risk assessment models, correlation analysis, Pb isotope ratios, redundancy analysis and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the risks and sources of HMs in the soil were studied. The Igeo results suggested that Cd was the primary pollutant in the tourist area of Sayram Lake. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed that the study area was at low risk, and the pollution load index (PLI) indicated that the study area had a moderate contamination level. Qualitative and quantitative analyses apportioned three sources of HMs, namely, natural sources (38.5%), traffic sources (27.2%) and mixed sources (tourist waste and atmospheric deposition) (34.3%). Redundancy analysis results showed that the HMs content was related to SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, K2O, Fe2O3 and SOC, and heavy metals tended to be stored in soil particles of grain sizes < 32 µm. These findings are expected to provide useful insights into the source identification of HMs in the soils of mountain tourism areas and provide a scientific decision-making basis for sustainable tourism development and for the assessment of ecological service values in the Tianshan Mountains.
Photo-responsive liquid crystal network-based material with adaptive modulus for haptic application
Authors: Kurylo Ievgen , van der Tol Joost , Colonnese Nicholas , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing
Published: November 2022

Artificially created tactile feedback is in high demand due to fast developments in robotics, remote control in medicine, virtual reality, and smart electronics. Despite significant progress, high-quality haptic feedback devices remain challenging mainly due to the lack of stability and spatiotemporal resolution. In this work, we address these issues by the application of dynamic coatings, based on photo-responsive liquid crystal network (LCN) material. This material adapts upon an external stimulus (UV light with a power intensity of 50–90 mW/cm2) that changes its elastic properties (87% decrease of the modulus for 90 mW/cm2 power intensity of 365 nm UV light). Localized change of adaptive modulus with very high resolution (2 μm) was demonstrated.
Acute effects of FLT3L treatment on T cells in intact mice
Authors: Wolf Gideon , Gerber Allison N. , Fasana Zachary G. , Rosenberg Kenneth , Singh Nevil J.
Published: November 2022

Peripheral T cells express a diverse repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, which together protect against the full range of pathogens. In this context, the total repertoire of memory T cells which are maintained by trophic signals, long after pathogen clearance, is critical. Since these trophic factors include cytokines and self-peptide-MHC, both of which are available from endogenous antigen-presenting cells (APC), we hypothesized that enhancing APC numbers in vivo can be a viable strategy to amplify the population of memory T cells. We evaluated this by acutely treating intact mice with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3l), which promotes expansion of APCs. Here we report that this treatment allowed for, an expansion of effector-memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as an increase in their expression of KLRG1 and CD25. In the lymph nodes and spleen, the expansion was limited to a specific CD8 (CD44-low but CD62L−) subset. Functionally, this subset is distinct from naïve T cells and could produce significant amounts of effector cytokines upon restimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that the administration of Flt3L can impact both APC turnover as well as a corresponding flux of specific subsets of CD8+ T cells in an intact peripheral immune compartment.
Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance
Authors: Lee Myung-Jin , Kim Min-Ji , Mangal Utkarsh , Seo Ji-Young , Kwon Jae-Sung , Choi Sung-Hwan
Published: November 2022

Colonization of auto-polymerized acrylic resin by pathogenic Candida albicans is a common problem for denture users. In this study, zinc-modified phosphate-based glass was introduced into an auto-polymerized acrylic resin at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. The mechanical or physical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and contact angle), surface morphology of the resultant materials, and the antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were investigated. There were no statistical differences in the mechanical properties between the control and the zinc-modified phosphate-based glass samples (p > 0.05); however, the number of C. albicans colony-forming units was significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C. albicans tended not to adhere to the zinc-modified-phosphate-based glass samples. Thus, the zinc-modified materials retained the advantageous mechanical properties of unaltered acrylic resins, while simultaneously exhibiting a strong antimicrobial effect in vitro.
Design exploration and comparative analysis of tail shape of tri-wheel-based stair-climbing robotic platform
Authors: Shin JeongPil , Son DongHan , Kim YoungHwan , Seo TaeWon
Published: November 2022

Stair climbing is one of the most important capabilities of mobile robots. Therefore, stair-climbing mobile robots have become a field of study and diverse stair-climbing mobile robots have been developed. Although tri-wheel-based stair-climbing robotic platforms were developed to overcome the challenges posed by stair climbing, they have shown limitations such as impact during locomotion and damage owing to friction with the nosing of the stairs. In this study, several tail mechanisms were proposed and designed to solve the limitations of tri-wheel-based stair-climbing robots. A comparative analysis of the tail mechanisms was performed through dynamic simulations based on various performance indices. It was observed that the tail mechanism improved the stability and stair-climbing performance of the tri-wheel-based stair-climbing robots. The experimental verification confirmed the reliability of the comparative analysis results based on the simulation. These findings can be used to design mobile stair-climbing robots.
IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio in tumor tissues predicts prognosis in gastric cancer patients without distant metastasis
Authors: Zhou Li , Tang Chuangang , Li Xiaoxin , Feng Fang
Published: November 2022

There was growing evidence that inflammatory responses played significant roles in malignancies. However, the impact of pro-inflammatory-to-anti-inflammatory factor ratio in tumor tissues has not been investigated in gastric cancer (GC) yet. We collected patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 270 stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) patients without distant metastasis were included in the study. After screening 12 candidate pro-inflammatory-to-anti-inflammatory pairs, only the IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio in tumor tissues had a significant effect on overall survival (OS) of STAD patients (P = 0.014). X-tile analysis showed that the greatest survival differences were obtained when the cutoff value of IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio was set at 1.3 and 5.5. With the low-ratio group (IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio: < 1.3) as reference, OS time for both the medium-ratio group (IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio: 1.3–5.5) and the high-ratio group (IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio: > 5.5) was significantly shorter (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that IL-6/IL-10 mRNA expression ratio was an independent prognostic factor for OS and disease-specific survival (DSS). These findings provided a novel and powerful tool for a more rational management of GC patients.
Co-infection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces early TRAF6-mediated NF-κB and IRF7 signaling pathways through TLRs
Authors: Saeng-chuto Kepalee , Madapong Adthakorn , Kaeoket Kampon , Piñeyro Pablo Enrique , Tantituvanont Angkana , Nilubol Dachrit
Published: November 2022

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infect the small intestine and cause swine enteric coronavirus disease. The mucosal innate immune system is the first line of defense against viral infection. The modulatory effect of PDCoV and PEDV coinfection on antiviral signaling cascades of the intestinal mucosa has not been reported. Here, we investigate the gene expression levels of pattern recognition receptors, downstream inflammatory signaling pathway molecules, and associated cytokines on the intestinal mucosa of neonatal piglets either infected with a single- or co-infected with PDCoV and PEDV using real-time PCR. The results demonstrate that single-PEDV regulates the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway through RIG-I regulation. In contrast, single-PDCoV and PDCoV/PEDV coinfection regulate proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines through TRAF6-mediated canonical NF-κB and IRF7 signaling pathways through TLRs. Although PDCoV/PEDV coinfection demonstrated an earlier modulatory effect in these signaling pathways, the regulation of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines was observed simultaneously during single viral infection. These results suggested that PDCoV/PEDV coinfection may have synergistic effects that lead to enhanced viral evasion of the mucosal innate immune response.
Single- and multi-year ENSO events controlled by pantropical climate interactions
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Yu Jin-Yi
Published: November 2022

To better understand the diverse temporal evolutions of observed El Niño‒Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which are characterized as single- or multi-year, this study examines similar events in a 2200-year-long integration of Community Earth System Model, version 1. Results show that selective activation of inter- and intra-basin climate interactions (together, pantropical climate interactions) controls ENSO’s evolution pattern. When ENSO preferentially activates inter-basin interactions with tropical Indian and/or Atlantic Oceans, it introduces negative feedbacks into the ENSO phase, resulting in single-year evolution. When ENSO preferentially activates intra-basin interactions with subtropical North Pacific, it causes positive feedbacks, producing multi-year evolution. Three key factors (developing-season intensity, pre-onset Pacific condition, and maximum zonal location) and their thresholds, which determine whether inter- or intra-basin interactions are activated and whether an event will become a single- or multi-year event, are identified. These findings offer a way to predict ENSO’s evolution pattern by incorporating the controlling role of pantropical climate interactions.
A new Asian/North American teleconnection linking clustered extreme precipitation from Indian to Canada
Authors: Wang Bin , Lee Ming-Ying , Xie Zhiling , Lu Mengqian , Pan Mengxin
Published: November 2022

Three consecutive precipitation extremes emerged in November 2021, including India-Sri Lanka flooding, East Asian blizzard, and Canadian floods. Why the catastrophic events occurred successively and whether they will become more frequent as global warming continues are unknown. Here we show they are organized by an intraseasonal Asian/North American (ANA) teleconnection consisting of two cross-Pacific wave trains fortified by dipolar diabatic heating anomalies (“wet India-dry Philippines”). The dipolar heating anomaly is shaped by multi-scale interaction between a quasi-stationary Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) episode and a rapidly developed La Niña over the tropical Asian monsoon region. Numerical experiments suggest that the off-equatorial heating dipole can generate the ANA pattern resembling observations, distinct from the equatorial MJO-induced teleconnection and the La Niña-induced Pacific/North American teleconnection. Philippine cooling stimulates the circum-Pacific wave train, while Indian heating produces the eastward-propagating subtropical wave train. These wave trains persistently steered cross-Pacific atmospheric rivers channeling warm-moisture-laden air to the extratropics. We suggest that the ANA teleconnection could be a new route by which multi-scale interaction between the La Niña and quasi-stationary MJO over the tropical Asian monsoon affects extratropical East Asia and North America. This work provides a unique perspective on understanding the origins of increasing collisions of extremes worldwide within a short time as the global climate warms.
Multimeric ACE2-IgM fusions as broadly active antivirals that potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Svilenov Hristo L. , Bester Romina , Sacherl Julia , Absmeier Ramona , Peters Carsten , Protzer Ulrike , Brockmeyer Carsten , Buchner Johannes
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus infections are a world-wide threat to human health. A promising strategy to develop a broadly active antiviral is the use of fusion proteins consisting of an antibody IgG Fc region and a human ACE2 domain to which the viral spike proteins bind. Here we create antiviral fusion proteins based on IgM scaffolds. The hexameric ACE2-IgM-Fc fusions can be efficiently produced in mammalian cells and they neutralize the infectious virus with picomolar affinity thus surpassing monomeric ACE2-IgM-Fc by up to 96-fold in potency. In addition, the ACE2-IgM fusion shows increased neutralization efficiency for the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in comparison to prototypic SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these multimeric IgM fusions proteins are a powerful weapon to fight coronavirus infections.
A comprehensive review on the removal of antibiotics from water and wastewater using carbon nanotubes: synthesis, performance, and future challenges
Authors: Darvishi Parastoo , Mousavi Seyyed Alireza , Mahmoudi Arezoo , Nayeri Danial
Published: November 2022

This review describes the main characteristics of common antibiotics, their environmental and health effects, and also their fate in the environment, and furthermore provides insights into the adsorption of antibiotics onto CNTs as promising adsorbents.
Pharmaceutical liposomal delivery—specific considerations of innovation and challenges
Authors: Peng Taoxing , Xu Weihua , Li Qianqian , Ding Yang , Huang Yongzhuo
Published: November 2022

Liposomal technology can enhance drug solubility and stability, achieving codelivery for combination therapy, and modulate the in vivo fate (e.g., site-specific distribution and controlled release), thereby improving treatment outcomes.
Four ternary silicides in the La–Ni–Si system: from polyanionic layers to frameworks
Authors: Pani Marcella , Provino Alessia , Smetana Volodymyr , Shtender Vitalii , Bernini Cristina , Mudring Anja-Verena , Manfrinetti Pietro
Published: November 2022

Four ternary La–Ni–Si compounds have been synthesized and characterized. They present ordered structures with extended 2D or 3D Ni/Si motifs.
Greener photocatalytic route to the hetero-selective Glaser coupling reaction: role of hole/oxygen in air
Authors: Bag Subhendu Sekhar , Sinha Sayantan , Singh Siddharth , Golder Animes K.
Published: November 2022

Designed nano-photocatalyst [CuII@TiO2] is efficient for heteroselective Glaser coupling in green solvent with excellent turn-over-number. Light and hole/O2 in air maintain the catalytic cycle achieving spatial/temporal control of the reaction.
Physicochemical characterization and toxicity of nanowaste after incineration process of PA-6/PP/ZnO or TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Chivas-Joly C. , Longuet C. , Leclerc L. , Sarry G. , Forest V. , Lopez-Cuesta J.-M. , Pourchez J.
Published: November 2022

Lab-scale incineration process, characterization and toxicity of nanowaste.
Active carbon based supercapacitors with Au colloids: the case of placing the colloids in close proximity to the electrode interface
Authors: Grebel H. , Yu Shupei , Zhang Yuanwei
Published: November 2022

CV: specific capacitance vs. scan rate exhibiting an amplification factor of more than 10 at 20 mV s−1. The reference data were repeated twice. Sample: 30 μg of functionalized gold nanoparticles were incorporated in 200 mg of active carbon.
Amorphous nickel–iron hydroxide nanosheets for effective electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia
Authors: Wu Xuan , Ma Aijing , Hu Jun , Liu Dan , Kuvarega Alex T. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Gui Jianzhou
Published: November 2022

Amorphous NiFe nanosheets synthesized through a simple one-step electrodeposition approach showed excellent activity and stability for selective ammonia synthesis by nitrate electroreduction.
Copper-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-carboxylate rearrangement of 2-carbonateindoles
Authors: Zhu Yan , Shao Ying , Tang Shengbiao , Sun Jiangtao
Published: November 2022

A copper-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-carboxylated rearrangement of 2-carbonateindoles has been realized.
Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects
Authors: Sharma Harsh , Rana Sravendra , Singh Poonam , Hayashi Mikihiro , Binder Wolfgang H. , Rossegger Elisabeth , Kumar Ajay , Schlögl Sandra
Published: November 2022

The article covers the outstanding features of fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites, including their reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties.
Molecular dynamic insight into octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and the nano-HMX decomposition mechanism
Authors: Zhou Mingming , Wei Genwang , Zhang Yao , Xiang Dong , Ye Caichao
Published: November 2022

The entire decomposition reaction process of a 30 Å HMX nanoparticle at 2000 K by ReaxFF molecular dynamics.
First-principles simulation insights of electronic and optical properties: Li6PS5Cl system
Authors: Han Nguyen Thi , Bang-Li Wei , Lin Kuang-I. , Dien Vo Khuong , Lin Ming-Fa
Published: November 2022

We perform the electronic and optical properties of the Li6PS5Cl compound using first-principles calculation.
Biomass-derived nano-laminated Ti3SiC2 MAX phase
Authors: Nou Changwan , Kim Byeong Geun , Suk Soo-Young , Choi Soon-Mok
Published: November 2022

Carbide-based MAX phases, titanium silicon carbide (Ti3SiC2), were synthesized with biomass wastes.
Metal–organic framework derived single-atom catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Xie Mengna , Wang Jiawei , Du Xian-Long , Gao Na , Liu Tao , Li Zhi , Xiao GuoPing , Li Tao , Wang Jian-Qiang
Published: November 2022

A series of well-defined M–N–C based SACs (M = Fe, Ni, Co, Mn and Cu) was synthesized via a facile pyrolysis of metal-doped ZIF-8 and applied in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO. Fe–N–C based SACs possess highest activity for CO2RR.
Distributed medium viscosity yields quasi-exponential step-size probability distributions in heterogeneous media
Authors: Bustos Nicole A. , Saad-Roy Chadi M. , Cherstvy Andrey G. , Wagner Caroline E.
Published: November 2022

Trajectories of particles in complex media with systematically varying viscosities can yield quasi-Laplacian rather than Gaussian combined distributions of step-size displacements for an ensemble of tracers, as our experiments and theory demonstrate.
Construction of a phos-tag-directed self-assembled fluorescent magnetobiosensor for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein kinases
Authors: Jiang Su , Geng Yi-Xuan , Liu Wen-Jing , Wang Zi-Yue , Zhang Chun-Yang
Published: November 2022

We construct a phos-tag-directed self-assembled fluorescent magnetobiosensor to simultaneously detect multiple protein kinases with good selectivity and high sensitivity.
Emerging polymeric material strategies for cartilage repair
Authors: Demott Connor J. , Grunlan Melissa A.
Published: November 2022

The recent rise of polymeric materials for cartilage regenerative engineering and tissue-mimetic synthetic replacements is paving way for a new generation of materials with improved clinical outcomes.
Tuning the electrical and magnetic properties in multifunctional composite materials based on the PEDOT:DBS conducting polymer and magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Elizalde Matías Lanús Mendez , Acha Carlos , Moreno M. Sergio , Antonel P. Soledad
Published: November 2022

Dipolar and RKKY interactions, tuned by intercluster separation, play a significant role in the magnetic behaviour of PEDOT:DBS–Fe3O4 composites.
A highly efficient interface hole transporting tunnel by a bipyridine semiconductor for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Jinxue , Kong Fantai , Peng Yaole , Zhao Chundie , Chen Shuanghong , Gradari Rahim , Liu Wenjun
Published: November 2022

An efficient hole transport tunnel is constructed by a bipyridine based organic semiconductor that enables an increase of the hole mobility by seven times.
Molecular divergence with major morphological consequences: development and evolution of organ size and shape
Authors: Masly John P. , Azom Md Golam
Published: November 2022

Understanding the causes of the morphological diversity among organisms is a topic of great interest to evolutionary developmental biologists. Although developmental biologists have had great success in identifying the developmental mechanisms and molecular processes that specify organ size and shape within species, only relatively recently have the molecular tools become available to study how variation in these mechanisms gives rise to the phenotypic differences that are observed among closely related species. In addition to these technological advances, researchers interested in understanding how molecular variation gives rise to phenotypic variation have used three primary strategies to identify the molecular differences underlying species-specific traits: the candidate gene approach, differential gene expression screens, and between-species genetic mapping experiments. In this review, we discuss how these approaches have been successful in identifying the genes and the cellular mechanisms by which they specify variation in one of the most recognizable examples of the evolution of organ size, the adaptive variation in beak morphology among Darwin’s finches. We also discuss insect reproductive structures as a model with great potential to advance our understanding of the specification and evolution of organ size and shape differences among species. The results from these two examples, and those from other species, show that species-specific variation in organ size and shape typically evolves via changes in the timing, location, and amount of gene/protein expression that act on tissue growth processes.
Shapeshifting tau: from intrinsically disordered to paired-helical filaments
Authors: Mengham Kurtis , Al-Hilaly Youssra , Oakley Sebastian , Kasbi Kamillia , Maina Mahmoud B. , Serpell Louise C.
Published: November 2022

Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein that has the ability to self-assemble to form paired helical and straight filaments in Alzheimer’s disease, as well as the ability to form additional distinct tau filaments in other tauopathies. In the presence of microtubules, tau forms an elongated form associated with tubulin dimers via a series of imperfect repeats known as the microtubule binding repeats. Tau has recently been identified to have the ability to phase separate in vitro and in cells. The ability of tau to adopt a wide variety of conformations appears fundamental both to its biological function and also its association with neurodegenerative diseases. The recently highlighted involvement of low-complexity domains in liquid–liquid phase separation provides a critical link between the soluble function and the insoluble dysfunctional properties of tau.
The positive valence system, adaptive behaviour and the origins of reward
Authors: Burton Thomas J. , Balleine Bernard W.
Published: November 2022

Although the hey-day of motivation as an area of study is long past, the issues with which motivational theorists grappled have not grown less important: i.e. the development of deterministic explanations for the particular tuning of the nervous system to specific changes in the internal and external environment and the organisation of adaptive behavioural responses to those changes. Here, we briefly elaborate these issues in describing the structure and function of the ‘positive valence system’. We describe the origins of adaptive behaviour in an ascending arousal system, sensitive to peripheral regulatory changes, that modulates and activates various central motivational states. Associations between these motivational states and sensory inputs underlie evaluative conditioning and generate the representation of the ‘unconditioned’ stimuli fundamental to Pavlovian conditioning. As a consequence, associations with these stimuli can generate Pavlovian conditioned responses through the motivational control of stimulus event associations with sensory and affective components of the valence system to elicit conditioned orienting, consummatory and preparatory responses, particularly the affective responses reflecting Pavlovian excitation and inhibition, arousal and reinforcement, the latter used to control the formation of habits. These affective processes also provoke emotional responses, allowing the externalisation of positive valence in hedonic experience to generate the goal or reward values that mediate goal-directed action. Together these processes form the positive valence system, ensure the maintenance of adaptive behaviour and, through the association of sensory events and emotional responses through consummatory experience, provide the origins of reward.
Stator current identification in generator among single and composite faults composed by static air‐gap eccentricity and rotor inter‐turn short circuit
Authors: He Yu‐Ling , Qiu Ming‐Hao , Jiang Meng‐Ya , Zhou Fu‐Cheng , Gerada David , Zhang Xiao‐Chen , Du Xiao‐Dong
Published: November 2022

In this study, a fault diagnosis model based on magnetic density is proposed to analyse the current characteristics of synchronous generator rotor inter‐turn short circuit and air gap eccentric single fault and composite fault. The model considers the influence of rotor inter‐turn short circuit and air gap eccentricity on air gap magnetic density. According to two main factors, the short circuit turns and eccentric distance, are used to reflect the short circuit and eccentricity of the generator. The detailed parameter input model of the generator can easily and quickly predict the development trend of these current parameters based on the air gap magnetic density. And the phase current is selected as the current parameter. The validity of the proposed model is verified by two‐dimensional finite element analysis and experimental research.
Solution of constrained mixed‐integer multi‐objective optimal power flow problem considering the hybrid multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Ali Aamir , Abbas Ghulam , Keerio Muhammad Usman , Koondhar Mohsin Ali , Chandni Kiran , Mirsaeidi Sohrab
Published: November 2022

An Optimal power flow (OPF) is non‐linear and constrained multi‐objective problem. OPF problems are expensive and evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are computationally complex to obtain uniformly distributed and global Pareto front (PF). Therefore, here, hybrid two‐phase algorithm integrated with parameter less constraint technique is applied to solve OPF problem. Proposed technique combines single and multi‐objective EAs to find better convergence and evenly distributed PF. For the validation and effectiveness of proposed algorithm, various conflicting objective functions are formulated and implemented on IEEE 30 and 300‐bus network. Each case is independently run twenty times. Hyper volume indicator technique is employed to find the best PF, and the best‐compromised solution is obtained by using fuzzy decision‐making technique. Recently, maximum integration of wind and solar power is highly encouraged. Complexity of OPF is increased with the integration of uncertain renewable energy resources. Hence, 30‐bus test system is modified by replacing some conventional generators with the wind and solar generation. Uncertainties in wind, solar and load demand are modelled by appropriate probability distribution functions. Simulation results show that the proposed method can find the near global PF of highly complex problems subject to satisfying all the operational constraints.
Service restoration for resilient distribution system with coordination of battery swapping stations and distributed generations
Authors: Guo Yina , Liao Kai , Yang Jianwei , He Zhengyou
Published: November 2022

Due to sufficient energy storage resources and central dispatch, the battery swapping station (BSS) offers a promising solution for the service restoration and resilience enhancement of the distribution system (DS). This paper proposes a joint service restoration strategy for the DS by coordinating BSSs and distributed generations (DGs) with distribution network reconfiguration. Firstly, the spatio‐temporal distribution of battery swapping demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is analyzed. On this basis, the participation of the BSS in the DS service restoration is investigated, and the model of restoration capacity for the BSS is established, which can describe the power supply ability of the BSS to support the DS restoration. Secondly, a mathematical model for the resilient DS restoration with coordination between BSSs and DGs is established, aiming to minimize the total system cost by optimally allocating BSSs and DGs during the restoration stage. The second‐order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation is also adopted to transform the proposed restoration model into a mixed‐integer convex formulation, which can be tractably solved. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted based on the modified IEEE 33‐bus distribution test system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for the service restoration and resilience enhancement of the DS.
Convergence of a scheme for an elastic flow with tangential mesh movement
Authors: Pozzi Paola , Stinner Björn
Published: November 2022

Elastic flow for closed curves can involve significant deformations. Mesh-based approximation schemes require tangentially redistributing vertices for long-time computations. We present and analyze a method that uses the Dirichlet energy for this purpose. The approach effectively also penalizes the length of the curve, and equilibrium shapes are equivalent to stationary points of the elastic energy augmented with the length functional. Our numerical method is based on linear parametric finite elements. Following the lines of Deckelnick and Dziuk [Math. Comp. 78 (2009) 645–671] we prove convergence and establish error estimates, noting that the addition of the Dirichlet energy simplifies the analysis in comparison with the length functional. We also present a simple semi-implicit time discretization and discuss some numerical results that support the theory.
Behandlungsspektrum von Lymphomen und Plasmozytomen der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Aftahy Amir Kaywan , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens
Published: November 2022

Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Behandlungsspektrum von Lymphomen und Plasmozytomen der Wirbelsäule, insbesondere hinsichtlich der operativen Versorgung bei akuter neurologischer Beeinträchtigung sowie instabilitätsgefährdenden Frakturen mit dem Risiko der weiteren funktionellen Verschlechterung. Die Manifestation eines malignen Lymphoms an der Wirbelsäule ist vergleichsweise selten; in der Literatur sind nur wenige Fälle und Fallserien beschrieben. Daher gibt es keinen Goldstandard für die Behandlung von Patienten mit Lymphom-Manifestationen an der Wirbelsäule. Ebenso verhält es sich bei Plasmazellneoplasien; diese lassen sich in Subtypen unterteilen, darunter das multiple Myelom (MM) und das solitäre Plasmozytom des Knochens (SBP). Die ersten klinischen Anzeichen sind Skelettschmerzen, die meist Rippen und Wirbel betreffen. Bei osteolytischen Knochenläsionen ist die Wirbelsäule bei 60–80 % der MM-Patienten betroffen, hier mit fortschreitender Osteolyse, so dass eine Stabilität der Wirbelsäule nicht gewährleistet ist.
Vestibuläre Migräne
Authors: Rambold Holger A.
Published: November 2022

Eine Sonderform der Migräne ist die vestibuläre Migräne (VM), die die häufigste Drehschwindelerkrankung und die zweithäufigste Form des Schwindels ist. Diese Erkrankung ist für Patienten sehr belastend und schränkt die Lebensqualität stark ein. Die Diagnosestellung gestaltet sich oft schwierig, sodass die VM leider vielfach unter- oder fehldiagnostiziert wird. Ursache ist das variable klinische Bild und das Fehlen von objektiven, die VM definierenden Untersuchungen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Diagnosekriterien, die klinischen und epidemiologischen Befunde, die Zusatzuntersuchungen und die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen zusammen und soll somit helfen, die VM besser zu diagnostizieren.
Über die Entdeckung des 6. Sinnes vor 152 Jahren
Authors: Scherer Hans , Engel-Murke Frank
Published: November 2022

Jahrhundertelang kannten die Menschen 5 Sinne. Sie waren lokalisierbar und z. T. abschaltbar. Den 6. Sinn, den statischen oder Gleichgewichtssinn fand man erst im 19. Jahrhundert mit dem Einsatz neurophysiologischer Methoden. Damit konnten die Bogengänge im Innenohr, die schon seit Galen und vor allem durch die Schule von Vesalius in Padua bekannt waren, richtig zugeordnet werden. Nach der Entdeckung des 6. Sinnes wurden Stimulations- und Registriermethoden entwickelt.
Geschmacksknospen – gebündelt in Pilz-, Blatt- und Wallpapillen
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: November 2022

Geschmacksknospen sind Gewebestrukturen in einem Epithelverband der Mundschleimhaut, die sich hauptsächlich auf der Zunge befinden. Sie kommen zudem in der Mundschleimhaut von Gaumensegel, Nasenrachen, Kehlkopf und Speiseröhre vor. Die Gesamtheit der Geschmacksknospen bezeichnet man auch als das Geschmacksorgan, denn sie enthält die sekundären Sinneszellen der Geschmackswahrnehmung.
Was wissen Sie über … Pilze?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: November 2022

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit Pilzen.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen in der Diabetologie
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: November 2022

Stand Oktober 2022 sind bereits 2 Diabetes-DiGAs zugelassen – HelloBetter (Zulassung Dezember 2021) und Vitadio (Zulassung April 2022). Des Weiteren gibt es mit zanadio (Zulassung November 2020) und Oviva Direkt (Zulassung Oktober 2021) 2 Adipositas-DiGAs, welche ebenfalls Patientinnen und Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus unterstützen. Viele weitere DiGAs sind in den Startlöchern und werden im Laufe des nächsten halben Jahres das DiGA-Verzeichnis füllen. Die Entwicklung erfolgt einerseits von ärztlichen Kolleginnen und Kollegen, andererseits von Start-Ups oder Konsortien gemeinsam mit Universitäten. Neben der ambulanten und stationären Therapie haben DiGAs das Potenzial, die dritte Säule in der Gesundheitsversorgung darzustellen. Die rasante Entwicklung wird von einigen Kolleginnen und Kollegen kritisch oder mit Skepsis gesehen, andere hingegen integrieren DiGAs bereits in die Praxis und sammeln erste Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz dieser. Das Zulassungsverfahren von DiGAs ist vergleichbar mit dem neuer Medikamente und zusätzlich zum Therapieindikator muss auch ein positiver Versorgungseffekt nachgewiesen werden. Informationen darüber, wie die erstattungsfähigen DiGAs verordnet werden, finden sich im DiGA-Verzeichnis unter Informationen für Fachkreise. DiGAs ermöglichen ein besseres Empowerment der Patientinnen und Patienten für ein optimiertes Selbstmanagement und weisen den Weg zu einem patientenzentrierten Behandlungsansatz.
TikTok-Star Fiorella klärt über Typ-1-Diabetes-Warnzeichen auf
Authors: Richter Michaela
Published: November 2022

Diabetes Typ 1 ist die häufigste Stoffwechselerkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Etwa 32 500 junge Menschen bis 20 Jahre leben hierzulande damit. Auch die heute 21-jährige Influencerin Fiorella Eickhoff erkrankte mit 10 Jahren daran. Obwohl sie die 4 typischen Symptome wie Gewichtsabnahme, ständigen Durst, häufiges Wasserlassen sowie starke Müdigkeit aufwies, wurde der Diabetes Typ 1 zunächst nicht erkannt.
Affenpocken – eine neue Geschlechtskrankheit
Authors: Erkens Gudrun , Pappa Georgia , Thölken Karisa Farias Miksza
Published: November 2022

Aktuell steht zur Diskussion, wie und über welchen Verbreitungsweg es zu der deutlichen Zunahme von Affenpocken-Infektionen in Europa gekommen ist. Anhand unserer zweier Fallbeispiele möchten wir die histopathologischen Charakteristika und Unterschiede zu anderen viralen Infektionen wie etwa Schafpocken- oder Herpes simplex-Infektionen zeigen. Zudem möchten wir aufgrund der klinisch ähnlichen Präsentation von Affenpocken zu anderen STDs (sexual transmitted diseases) bezüglich genitaler Ulzerationen und Lymphadenopathien sowie der häufigen Koinfektionen mit weiteren STDs die differenzialdiagnostische Inkludierung in die gängige STD-Routinediagnostik vorschlagen.
Aloe Vera-Containing Matrix in Transdermal Fentanyl Therapy
Improves Adhesion, Skin Tolerance and Quality of Life: Results of a German
Multicenter Study with a New Fentanyl Patch
Authors: Dietrich Christoph G. , Kottmann Tanja , Voß Hans Werner , Lorenz Roxane
Published: November 2022

Background Chronic pain represents a significant and costly healthcare
problem especially in the older patient. Transdermal opioid therapy is easy to
apply and ensures constant supply of active ingredients. However, skin
irritation, poor adhesion and systemic side effects complicate transdermal pain
therapy.

Methods In the Relief study, comprising 54 centers, all in Germany, 252
patients were recruited and data about the general care situation as well as the
characteristics, effects and side effects of the Aloe vera fentanyl patch
were collected. 92 patients had a prior treatment with fentanyl patch without
Aloe vera, allowing a comparative analysis.

Results Compared to patches without Aloe vera, the new fentanyl
patch showed better adhesion. Systemic and local tolerance and pain reduction
were also significantly better. Patients also reported improvements in side
effects and central parameters of quality of life. The data regarding the care
situation in Germany showed remarkably low use of coanalgetics and laxatives in
pain patients.

Discussion
Aloe vera in transdermal pain treatment improves adhesion
and local tolerance of the patch. Pain control and quality of life were also
improved. Regional care data concerning cotreatment in pain therapy from this
study indicate a lack of penetration of existing guidelines in general
practitioners’ pain therapy.
Using Simulation to Support Evidence-Based Design of Safer Health Care Environments
Authors: Halamek Louis P.
Published: November 2022

The design of health care environments and the technologies used within them have tremendous influence on the performance of the professionals who care for patients in those spaces. In turn, the performance of those professionals greatly impacts the safety of the care that is delivered to patients. Active and latent safety errors can be greatly reduced by rigorous testing of the patient care environment.

While there are numerous types of testing that can be conducted, this manuscript will focus on the use of simulated clinical scenarios in realistic/real physical environments to detect and remediate weaknesses in the design of those environments with a focus on their use in perinatal centers.

Key Points
The Limitations and Unmet Needs of the Five Cornerstones to Guarantee Lifelong Optimization of Prophylaxis in Hemophilia Patients
Authors: Núñez Ramiro , Álvarez-Román María Teresa , Bonanad Santiago , González-Porras José Ramón , De La Corte-Rodriguez Hortensia , Berrueco Rubén , Jiménez-Yuste Víctor
Published: November 2022

Prophylaxis to prevent bleeding is highly recommended for hemophilia patients. The development of new drugs and tools for modeling personalized prophylaxis provides the means for people with hemophilia to lead active lives with a quality of life comparable to that of nonhemophilic individuals. The choice of regimens must be made on a highly individual basis. Unfortunately, reference guides neither always concur in their recommendations nor provide directions to cover all possible scenarios. In this review, a group of experts identify the significant limitations and unmet needs of prophylaxis, taking advantage of their clinical experience in the disease, and supported by a rigorous literature update. To perform a more systematic and comprehensive search for gaps, the main cornerstones that influence decisions regarding prophylactic patterns were first identified.

Bleeding phenotype, joint status, physical activity, pharmacokinetics/medication properties, and adherence to treatment were considered as the primary mainstays that should allow physicians guiding prophylaxis to secure the best outcomes. Several challenges identified within each of these topics require urgent attention and agreement. The scores to assess severity of bleeding are not reliable, and lead to no consensus definition of severe bleeding phenotype. The joint status is to be redefined in light of new, more efficient treatments with an agreement to establish one scale as the unique reference for joint health. Further discussion is needed to establish the appropriateness of high-intensity physical activities according to patient profiles, especially because sustaining trough factor levels within the safe range is not always warranted for long periods. Importantly, many physicians do not benefit from the advantages provided by the programs based on population pharmacokinetic models to guide individualized prophylaxis through more efficient and cost-saving strategies. Finally, ensuring correct adherence to long-term treatments may be time-consuming for practitioners, who often have to encourage patients and review complex questionnaires.

In summary, we identify five cornerstones that influence prophylaxis and discuss the main conflicting concerns that challenge the proper long-term management of hemophilia. A consensus exercise is warranted to provide reliable guidelines and maximize benefit from recently developed tools that should notably improve patients' quality of life.
From the Discovery of ADAMTS13 to Current Understanding of Its Role in Health and Disease
Authors: Woods Adriana Inés , Paiva Juvenal , Dos Santos Celia , Alberto María Fabiana , Sánchez-Luceros Analía
Published: November 2022

ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin-like metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) is a protease of crucial importance in the regulation of the size of von Willebrand factor multimers. Very low ADAMTS13 activity levels result in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a rare and life-threatening disease. The mechanisms involved can either be acquired (immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura [iTTP]) or congenital (cTTP, Upshaw–Schulman syndrome) caused by the autosomal recessive inheritance of disease-causing variants (DCVs) located along the ADAMTS13 gene, which is located in chromosome 9q34. Apart from its role in TTP, and as a regulator of microthrombosis, ADAMTS13 has begun to be identified as a prognostic and/or diagnostic marker of other diseases, such as those related to inflammatory processes, liver damage, metastasis of malignancies, sepsis, and different disorders related to angiogenesis. Since its first description almost 100 years ago, the improvement of laboratory tests and the description of novel DCVs along the ADAMTS13 gene have contributed to a better and faster diagnosis of patients under critical conditions. The ability of ADAMTS13 to dissolve platelet aggregates in vitro and its antithrombotic properties makes recombinant human ADAMTS13 treatment a potential therapeutic approach targeting not only patients with cTTP but also other medical conditions.
Crucial Stepping Stones in Platelet History
Authors: Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: November 2022

This review summarizes the time that has passed from the initial registration of the cells that turned out to be platelets up to today's advanced methodologies in platelet investigation. The first reports of “granular masses” appeared in the 1840s, but these “granular masses” remained an unsolved mystery until the 1870s. The breakthrough came in the 1873–1882 period. The cells that later turned out to be platelets were further identified by the German Professor Max Schultze, and later by Osler, who described their disk-like structure. These initial descriptions of platelets were expanded by impressive studies performed by the Italian Pathologist Bizzozero who uncovered the anatomy of platelets and described their role, first in experimental thrombosis and later in the clotting process. Nearly 20 years later, in 1906, Wright published the discovery of megakaryocytes as platelet precursors. Shortly thereafter, the clinical proof of concept illustrating the pivotal role of platelets in arresting bleeding was revealed by Duke who introduced the bleeding time test, also in this period. To investigate platelet function more specifically, light transmission aggregometry was introduced in 1962 and remains the gold standard today. This method inspired the development of several devices employing whole blood using different principles for evaluating platelet function. As of today, flow cytometry is the most advanced method and holds promise to provide new insights into platelet activation. Additionally, advances in genetic testing by the use of next-generation sequencing will allow further improvement of our ability to diagnose inherited platelet disorders.
Microsurgical Gender Affirmation Surgery
Authors: Watt Andrew J. , Safa Bauback , Chen Mang L.
Published: November 2022

Phalloplasty in the female to male transgender patient is a complex operation aimed at creating a functional and aesthetic phallus, external genitalia, and perineum. Functional goals include standing micturition and sexual function with erogenous and tactile sensation as well as the ability to participate in penetrative intercourse. Functional genital reconstruction relies on creating of a fully lengthened urethra from local tissues as well as the provision for additional length via tissue transplantation. This manuscript will review techniques for the creation of perineal urethral segment as well as primary flaps available for the creation of neophallus. Particular emphasis is given to our preferred method of reconstruction: single-stage urethral lengthening with radial forearm flap phalloplasty including a review of surgical techniques and complications.