bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of interactive multi-media learning for physicians in musculoskeletal education – a pilot study
Authors: Wadey Veronica , Okoro Tosan , Sathiyamoorthy Thrmiga , Snowdon David , McDonald-Blumer Heather , Cividino Alfred , Kopansky-Giles Deborah , Levy David , Freeman Risa , Herold Jodi , Archibald Douglas
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of this educational study was to investigate the use of interactive case-based modules relating to the screening and identification of early-stage inflammatory arthritis in both online technology (OLT) and paper (PF) formats with identical content.

Methods

Forty learners from family medicine or rheumatology residency programs were recruited. Content pertaining to a “Sore Hands, Sore Feet” (SHSF) and Gait Arms Legs Spine (GALS) screening tool modules were selected, reviewed and developed based on a validated curriculum from the World Health Organization and Canadian Curriculum for MSK conditions. Both the SHSF module and GALS screening tool were assessed via a randomized control trial. Assessments were completed during an orientation with all learners; then prior to the intervention (T1); at the end of the module (T2) and 3 months following the modules (T3) to assess retention. Focus groups were conducted to determine learners’ satisfaction with the different learning formats. Baseline data was collated, and analysis performed after randomization into the PF (control) and OLT (experimental) groups. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analyses.

Results

Forty participants were recruited and randomized into the PF or OLT group (n = 20 each). At 3 months, there were n = 31 participants for SHSF (PF n = 19, OLT n = 12) and n = 32 for GALS (PF n = 19, OLT n = 13). There was no significant difference between the OLT and PF groups in both analyses. A significant increase in scores from Pre- to Post-Module in SHSF (F (1, 18) = 24.62. p < .0001) and GALS (F (1, 30) = 40.08, p < .0001) were identified to suggest learning occurred with both formats. The repeated measures ANOVA to assess retention revealed a significant decrease in scores from Post-Module to Follow-up for both learning format groups for SHSF (F (1, 29) = 4.68. p = .039), and GALS (F (1, 30) = 18.27. p < .0001) suggesting 3 months may be too long to retain this educational information.

Conclusions

Both formats led to residents’ ability to screen, identify and initially manage inflammatory arthritis. The hypothesis is rejected because both OLT and PF groups demonstrated significant learning during the process regardless of format. It is important to emphasize that from T1 (pre-module) to T2 (post-module), the residents demonstrated learning regardless of group to which they were assigned. However, learning retention declined from T2 (post-module) to T3 (three-month follow-up). Regular review of knowledge may be required earlier than 3 months to retain information learned. This study may impact educational strategies in MSK health.

Trial registration

This study did not involve “patients” rather learners and as such it was not registered.
Ultra-sensitive molecular detection of gene fusions from RNA using ASPYRE
Authors: Gray Eleanor R , Mordaka Justyna M , Christoforou Efthimia R , von Bargen Kristine , Potts Nicola D , Xyrafaki Christina , Silva Ana-Luisa , Stolarek-Januszkiewicz Magdalena , Anton Katarzyna , Powalowska Paulina K , Andreazza Simonetta , Tomassini Alessandro , Palmer Rebecca N , Cooke Aishling , Osborne Robert J , Balmforth Barnaby W
Published: October 2022

Background

RNA is a critical analyte for unambiguous detection of actionable mutations used to guide treatment decisions in oncology. Currently available methods for gene fusion detection include molecular or antibody-based assays, which suffer from either being limited to single-gene targeting, lack of sensitivity, or long turnaround time. The sensitivity and predictive value of next generation sequencing DNA-based assays to detect fusions by sequencing intronic regions is variable, due to the extensive size of introns. The required depth of sequencing and input nucleic acid required can be prohibitive; in addition it is not certain that predicted gene fusions are actually expressed.

Results

Herein we describe a method based on pyrophosphorolysis to include detection of gene fusions from RNA, with identical assay steps and conditions to detect somatic mutations in DNA [1], permitting concurrent assessment of DNA and RNA in a single instrument run.

Conclusion

The limit of detection was under 6 molecules/ 6 µL target volume. The workflow and instrumentation required are akin to PCR assays, and the entire assay from extracted nucleic acid to sample analysis can be completed within a single day.
Molecular characteristics of a coxsackievirus A12 strain in Zhejiang of China, 2019
Authors: Hu Linjie , Zhou Lu , Wang Pingping , Maimaiti Hairenguli , Lu Yihan
Published: October 2022

Background

Enterovirus A (EV-A), such as enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), generally causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). However, limited studies focused on uncommon enterovirus serotypes such as coxsackievirus A12 (CV-A12). This study aimed to provide evidence to determine the molecular characteristics of a CV-A12 strain isolated in Zhejiang province, China.

Methods

In routine surveillance of HFMD, we identified a child case with CV-A12 infection in 2019 in Zhejiang province, China. Enterovirus was examined by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). A partial VP1 sequence was amplified to determine the serotype, and then a full-length CV-A12 genome was sequenced. Nucleotide and amino acid similarity was calculated with those CV-A12 strains available in GenBank. Recombination was detected using RDP 4 and SimPlot. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using BEAST 1.10, and protein modeling was performed with I-TASSER webserver.

Results

A full-length CV-A12 genome PJ201984 was isolated in a Chinese child with HFMD. The similarities with complete coding sequences of the CV-A12 strains in GenBank ranged between 79.3–100% (nucleotide) and 94.4–100% (amino acid), whereas it was 88.7–100.0% (nucleotide) and 97.2–100% (amino acid) when excluding the CV-A12 prototype strain Texas-12. In PJ201984, amino acid variations were more divergent in P2 and P3 regions than those in P1; the majority of those variations in VP1 (13/15) and VP4 (7/8) were similar to those documented in recently isolated CV-A12 strains in China. Furthermore, recombination was identified in P2 region, which involved a CV-A5 strain collected in China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PJ201984 clustered together with multiple CV-A12 strains isolated in China and the Netherlands during 2013–2018, as compared to another cluster consisting of CV-A12 strains in China and France during 2009–2015. Additionally, protein models of VP1 and VP4 in PJ201984 were well predicted to be similar to VP1 protein of EV-A71 and VP4 protein of coxsackievirus A21, respectively.

Conclusions

The full-length CV-A12 genome was characterized to have common recombination in P2 region and be phylogenetically related to those CV-A12 strains isolated in recent years, suggesting a continual spread in China. It warrants strengthening the routine surveillance for uncommon enterovirus serotypes, particularly on possible recombination and variation.
Accuracy of next-generation sequencing for molecular profiling of small specimen of lung cancer: a prospective pilot study of side-by-side comparison
Authors: Ben Xiaosong , Tian Dan , Zhuang Weitao , Chen Rixin , Wang Sichao , Zhou Zihao , Deng Cheng , Shi Ruiqing , Liu Songlin , Zhang Dongkun , Tang Jiming , Xie Liang , Zhou Haiyu , Zhang Zhou , Li Min , Zhang Xuanye , Qiao Guibin
Published: October 2022

Background

Successful practice of precision medicine in advanced lung cancers relies on therapeutic regimens tailored to individual molecular characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of small specimens for molecular profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods

Genetic alternations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), status of microsatellite instability (MSI), and expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) were compared side-by-side between the concurrently obtained core needle biopsy (CNB) and resection specimens in 17 patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancers.

Results

DNA yield and library complexity were significantly lower in CNB specimens (both p < 0.01), whereas the insert size, sequencing depth, and Q30 ratio were similar between the matched specimens (all p > 0.05). The total numbers of genetic alternations detected in resection and CNB specimens were 186 and 211, respectively, with 156 alternations in common, yielding a specific concordance rate of 83.9%. The prevalence of mutations in 8 major driver genes was 100% identical between surgical and CNB specimens, though the allele frequency was lower in CNB specimens, with a median underestimation of 57%. Results of TMB were similar (p = 0.547) and MSI status was 100% matched in all paired specimens.

Conclusions

Pulmonary CNB specimens were suitable for NGS given the satisfactory accuracy when compared to corresponding surgical specimens. NGS results yielding from CNB specimens should be deemed reliable to provide instructive information for the treatment of advanced lung cancers.
Immunotheranostic microbubbles (iMBs) - a modular platform for dendritic cell vaccine delivery applied to breast cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Jugniot Natacha , Dahl Jeremy J. , Paulmurugan Ramasamy
Published: October 2022

Background

Therapeutic strategies engaging the immune system against malignant cells have revolutionized the field of oncology. Proficiency of dendritic cells (DCs) for antigen presentation and immune response has spurred interest on DC-based vaccines for anti-cancer therapy. However, despite favorable safety profiles in patients, current DC-vaccines have not yet presented significant outcome due to technical barriers in active DC delivery, tumor progression, and immune dysfunction. To maximize the therapeutic response, we present here a unique cell-free DC-based vaccine capable of lymphoid organ targeting and eliciting T-cell-mediated anti-tumor effect.

Methods

We developed this novel immunotheranostic platform using plasma membranes derived from activated DCs incorporated into ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs), thereby offering real-time visualization of MBs’ trafficking and homing in vivo. Human PBMC-derived DCs were cultured ex vivo for controlled maturation and activation using cell membrane antigens from breast cancer cells. Following DC membrane isolation, immunotheranostic microbubbles, called DC-iMBs, were formed for triple negative breast cancer treatment in a mouse model harboring a human reconstituted immune system.

Results

Our results demonstrated that DC-iMBs can accumulate in lymphoid organs and induce anti-tumor immune response, which significantly reduced tumor growth via apoptosis while increasing survival length of the treated animals. The phenotypic changes in immune cell populations upon DC-iMBs delivery further confirmed the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor effect.

Conclusion

These early findings strongly support the potential of DC-iMBs as a novel immunotherapeutic cell-free vaccine for anti-cancer therapy.
Development of a co-designed behaviour change intervention aimed at healthcare professionals recruiting to clinical trials in maternity care
Authors: Hanrahan Vivienne , Lawrie Louisa , Duncan Eilidh , Biesty Linda , Gillies Katie
Published: October 2022

Background

The evidence on what strategies can improve recruitment to clinical trials in maternity care is lacking. As trial recruiters, maternity healthcare professionals (MHCPs) perform behaviours (e.g. talking about trials with potential participants, distributing trial information) they may not ordinarily do outside of the trial. Most trial recruitment interventions do not provide any theoretical basis for the potential effect (on behaviour) or describe if stakeholders were involved during development. The study aim was to use behavioural theory in a co-design process to develop an intervention for MHCPs tasked with approaching all eligible potential participants and inviting them to join a maternity trial and to assess the acceptability and feasibility of such an intervention.

Methods

This study applied a step-wise sequential mixed-methods approach. Key stages were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy to map the accounts of MHCPs, with regard to challenges to trial recruitment, to theoretically informed behaviour change strategies. Our recruitment intervention was co-designed during workshops with MHCPs and maternity service users. Acceptability and feasibility of our intervention was assessed using an online questionnaire based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) and involved a range of trial stakeholders.

Results

Two co-design workshops, with a total of nine participants (n = 7 MHCP, n = 2 maternity service users), discussed thirteen BCTs as potential solutions. Ten BCTs, broadly covering Consequences and Reframing, progressed to intervention development. Forty-five trial stakeholders (clinical midwives, research midwives/nurses, doctors, allied health professionals and trial team members) participated in the online TFA questionnaire. The intervention was perceived effective, coherent, and not burdensome to engage with. Core areas for future refinement included Anticipated opportunity and Self-efficacy.

Conclusion

We developed a behaviour change recruitment intervention which is based on the accounts of MHCP trial recruiters and developed in a co-design process. Overall, the intervention was deemed acceptable. Future evaluation of the intervention will establish its effectiveness in enabling MHCPs to invite all eligible people to participate in a maternity care trial, and determine whether this translates into an increase in maternity trial recruitment rates.
Implantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets promotes axonal regeneration and restores bladder function after spinal cord injury
Authors: Chen Jiasheng , Wang Lin , Liu Meng , Gao Guo , Zhao Weixin , Fu Qiang , Wang Ying
Published: October 2022

Background

Cell-based therapy using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for neurogenic bladder (NB) associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, therapeutic efficacy is low because of inefficient cell delivery. Cell sheets improve the efficacy of cell transplantation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of transplanting ADSC sheets into an SCI rat model and focused on the function and pathological changes of the bladder.

Methods

ADSC sheets were prepared from adipose tissue of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats using temperature-responsive cell culture dishes. Adult female SD rats were subjected to SCI by transection at the T10 level and administered ADSC sheets or gelatin sponge (the control group). Four and 8 weeks later, in vivo cystometrograms were obtained for voiding function assessment. Rats were sacrificed and the expression of various markers was analyzed in spinal and bladder tissues.

Results

The number of β-tubulin III-positive axons in the ADSC sheet transplantation group was higher than that in the control group. Conversely, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ADSC sheet transplantation group was lower than that in the control group. Cystometry showed impairment of the voiding function after SCI, which was improved after ADSC sheet transplantation with increased high-frequency oscillation activity. Furthermore, ADSC sheet transplantation prevented disruption of the bladder urothelium in SCI rats, thereby maintaining the intact barrier. Compared with fibrosis of the bladder wall in the control group, the ADSC sheet transplantation group had normal morphology of the bladder wall and reduced tissue fibrosis as shown by downregulation of type 1 collagen. ADSC sheet transplantation also resulted in strong upregulation of contractile smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers (α-smooth muscle actin and smoothelin) and downregulation of synthetic SMC markers (MYH10 and RBP1).

Conclusion

ADSC sheet transplantation significantly improved voiding function recovery in rats after SCI. ADSC sheet transplantation is a promising cell delivery and treatment option for NB related to SCI.
Hajek–Renyi-type inequality for $(\alpha , \beta )$-mixing sequences and its application to change-point model
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Yi , Wang Wenqin , Zhou Kai , Chen Kan , Tao Xinran
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate the Hajek–Renyi-type inequalities for $(\alpha ,\beta )$
(
α
,
β
)
-mixing sequences. As an important application of the results, we further study the CUSUM-type estimator of mean change-point models for $(\alpha , \beta )$
(
α
,
β
)
-mixing sequences. We establish the convergence rate of weak consistency for the CUSUM estimator. Moreover, we also present some simulation studies and a real data example to support the theoretical results.
The effect of newly designed dual-channel elastomeric pump for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized, double-blind, prospective study
Authors: Oh Seok Kyeong , Kim Heezoo , Kim Young Sung , Lee Chung Hun , Oh Jung Suk , Kwon Dae Hui
Published: October 2022

Background

A newly designed intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device with a dual-channel elastomeric infusion pump has been recently introduced. One channel is a continuous line with a constant flow rate basal infusion, while the other channel has an adjustable flow rate and bolus function and is labeled as a selector-bolus channel. This study compared dual and single-channel intravenous PCA in terms of clinical effect and quality of recovery.

Methods

Eighty-four patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly allocated to a 1-channel group (n = 41) or a 2-channel group (n = 43). Only the selector-bolus channel was utilized, but the continuous channel was not utilized in the 1-channel group, but both channels were utilized in the 2-channel group. In the 1-channel group, 16 μg/kg of fentanyl, 2 mg/kg of ketorolac, and 12 mg of ondansetron with normal saline were administered to the selector-bolus channel and normal saline only in the continuous channel for blinding. In the 2-channel group, 16 μg/kg of fentanyl was administered to the selector-bolus channel, and ketorolac (2 mg/kg) and ondansetron (12 mg) were administered via the continuous channel.

The quality of recovery was evaluated preoperatively and 24 h postoperatively using the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40). Cumulative PCA consumption, postoperative pain rated using the numeric rating scale (NRS; during rest/cough), and postoperative nausea were evaluated 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after surgery. Incidence of vomiting and use of antiemetics and rescue analgesics was measured.

Results

The 24-h postoperative QoR-40 score was higher in the 2-channel group than in the 1-channel group (P=0.031). The incidence of nausea at 12 h and 36 h was significantly higher in the 1-channel group (P=0.043 and 0.040, respectively), and antiemetic use was more frequent in the 1-channel group (P=0.049). Patient satisfaction was higher in the 2-channel group (P=0.036). No significant differences were observed in pain scores during resting/cough or cumulative PCA consumption.

Conclusions

The 2-channel PCA showed better patient satisfaction with higher QoR-40 during the recovery compared with the 1-channel PCA. Better satisfaction was associated with lower nausea and reduced rescue antiemetics by maintaining the infusion of adjuvant analgesic agents and antiemetic agents constantly by utilizing dual channels.

Trial registration

Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04082039 on 9 September 2019.
Cowpea seeds from plants subjected to restricted-and full-irrigation regimes show differential phytochemical activity
Authors: Miri MirReza , Ghooshchi Farshad , Tohidi Moghadam Hamid Reza , Larijani HamidReza , Kasraie Pourang
Published: October 2022

Background

Water scarcity is responsible for losses in the yield of many plants and this is expected to continue due to climate change. However, cowpea which is known for its drought tolerance, is considered as a plant without limitations to climate change. A two-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of water restriction on phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and leaf nutrients concentration of four cultivars of cowpea at different growth stages. At second leaf stage, two irrigation regimes were initiated (Water irrigation was applied after 75% and 55% of field capacity, as well watered and drought stress treatment, respectively).Plants samples were collectedat three stages(immature pod, immature seed and dry seed stage) for total phenol and flavonoids content, ortho-diphenols andantioxidant capacity measurement and leaves sampling for nutrients concentration.

Results

The results indicated that polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity increased under drought conditions. However, in both irrigation regimes, immature pods had the higher polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and leaf nutrients concentration rather than immature seeds and dry seeds. Among the genotypes, ILC482 revealed the highest content of total phenolics and ortho-diphenols (6.9 and 3.57 mg GA g−1dry weight, respectively). In addition, nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium concentration of leaves were higher in ILC482 genotype. Under drought stress, ILC482 maintained higher ABTS radical scavenging capacity (0.0083 mmol Trolox g−1dry weight) compared to other genotypes.

Conclusions

It is suggested that drought stress affect the quality of cowpea productions through polyphenolic compounds, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging capacity which can be used as a helpful strategy to save water in the regions where water is scare.
Six in ten children with epilepsy visiting the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital were undernourished: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Genet Geta Bayu , Teshager Nahom Worku , Toni Alemayehu Teklu
Published: October 2022

Background

The burden of undernutrition among children with epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries is not well studied. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among children with epilepsy at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

Method

A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 239 epileptic children with epilepsy visiting the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital pediatric neurology clinic from June 2021 to September 2021. A pre-tested, researcher-administered questionnaire and medical record review were used for data collection. We included all participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We did anthropometric measurements and defined undernutrition based on the world health organization criteria. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to determine factors associated with undernutrition. The statistical association between dependent and independent variables was declared at p-value of ≤ 0.05.

Result

The mean(+/-SD) age was 9.38 ± 0.29 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.8: 1, and school-age children account for 35.6%. The overall magnitude of undernutrition was 141(59%) of which 89(63.1%) had moderate to severe stunting, 91(64.5%) moderate to severe wasting, and 39(27.7%) had both. Being male (AOR = 1.96, 95%CI, 1.05–3.69), low paternal level of education (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI, 1.01–3.50), presence of delay in motor development (AOR = 5.91,95%CI, 1.55–22.49), and gum hyperplasia (AOR = 0.32,95%CI, 0.12–0.81), were significantly associated with undernutrition.

Conclusion

The magnitude of undernutrition among children with epilepsy was high. Male sex, low paternal level of education, presence of delay in motor development, and gum hyperplasia were significantly associated with undernutrition. Therefore, nutritional screening and intervention are recommended to be part of routine epileptic care.
How do the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants escape the host protective immunity and mediate pathogenesis?
Authors: Noor Rashed
Published: October 2022

Background

To protect the global population from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory β-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a number of vaccines are currently being used in three dosages (i.e., along with the booster dose) to induce the immunity required to combat the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. So far, several antivirals and the commercial vaccines have been found to evoke the required humoral and cellular immunity within a huge population around world. However, an important aspect to consider is the avoidance mechanism of the host protective immunity by SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main body of the abstract

Indeed, such an immune escape strategy has been noticed previously in case of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Regarding the SARS-CoV-2 variants, the most important aspect on vaccine development is to determine whether the vaccine is actually capable to elicit the immune response or not, especially the viral spike (S) protein.

Short conclusion

Present review thus focused on such elicitation of immunity as well as pondered to the avoidance of host immunity by the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and its variants.
RP-HPLC-based phytochemical screening of different polyphenolic compounds from floral extract of four species of Saraca L. (Leguminosae)
Authors: Sil Sujit , De Kalyan K. , Ghosh Asok
Published: October 2022

Background

Saraca L. is one of the treasures throve of medicinally important plants in Indian subcontinent with its four species among which two are naturally distributed. It is one of the important resources of highly active phytochemicals due to which it proclaims a legendary position from ancient medicinal practices to modern ages. The crude extracts of flowers of four species were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus in petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate and 90% methanol sequentially. RP-HPLC (reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography)-based analysis of the presence of different phytochemicals using 15 different polyphenolic phytochemical standards was done to assess and quantify different phytochemicals.

Results

RP-HPLC-based evaluation revealed the presence different polyphenolic compounds like catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, t-cinnamic acid, anthrol, p-coumaric acid, biochanin A, etc., in a considerable amount which is very crucial for the phytomedicinal field. The correlations of the presence of known phytochemicals give a basis of phytochemical correlation among the four species. The RP-HPLC chromatographic data were applied to develop the complete phytochemical coding according to the complete set of chemicals found among the species to evaluate phytochemical correlation among them in a different way. This application also produces strong evidence of distinguishing features of S. indica and S. asoca that were considered as same species by some traditional taxonomy.

Conclusion

Extracts of S. thaipingensis contain highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, and the lowest amount was found in S. declinata. The phytochemical relations among S. asoca and S. declinata are high, and S. indica also has close relations with them, but S. thaipingensis has distinct divergence.
DaBlaCa-13 Study: Oncological Outcome of Short-Term, Intensive Chemoresection With Mitomycin in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Primary Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindgren Maria S. , Hansen Erik , Azawi Nessn , Nielsen Anna M. , Dyrskjøt Lars , Jensen Jørgen B.
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

This study aimed to assess long-term follow-up after chemoresection with mitomycin (MMC), a nonsurgical treatment modality for recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). At the time of recurrence, chemoresection has previously been shown to reduce the number of patients requiring a procedure (transurethral resection of bladder tumors [TURBT] or office biopsy) by more than 50%. This study investigated the number of patients requiring a procedure during initial treatment and 2-year follow-up in patients treated with short-term, intensive chemoresection with MMC compared with patients undergoing standard surgical treatment of recurrent NMIBC.

METHODS

A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in two urological departments in Denmark from January 2018 to August 2021. In total, 120 patients with a history of Ta low- or high-grade NMIBC were included upon recurrence. The intervention group received intravesical MMC (40 mg/40 mL) three times a week for 2 weeks and TURBT or office biopsy only if the response was incomplete. The control group received TURBT or office biopsy and 6 weekly adjuvant instillations. The primary outcome was the number of patients undergoing a procedure within 2 years from inclusion, which was compared between groups using the chi-squared test. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS

Significantly fewer patients were in need of a procedure in the intervention group than in the control group: 71% (95% CI, 57 to 81) and 100% (95% CI, 94 to 100), P < .001. The 12-month recurrence-free survival was 36% (95% CI, 24 to 50) and 43% (95% CI, 30 to 56) in the intervention and control groups, respectively ( P = .5).

CONCLUSION

Short-term intensive chemoresection is an effective treatment strategy for recurrent NMIBC that leads to a reduced number of required procedures without compromising long-term oncological safety.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson Disease and Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Irwin David
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article summarizes the underlying biology and current diagnostic and treatment strategies for the cognitive and neuropsychiatric features of Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

RECENT FINDINGS

Cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been increasingly recognized in PD and DLB, leading to improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. While PD is most associated with and diagnosed by the presence of motor symptoms, nonmotor symptoms can often be the most debilitating for patients. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent nonmotor features and include cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, psychosis, impulse control disorders, and apathy. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can be difficult to recognize and diagnose in patients with PD, in part because of comorbidity and symptom overlap with core PD features. Treatment strategies are a combination of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions used in the general population and those specific to PD. DLB is a clinical dementia syndrome, often with similar cognitive, behavioral, autonomic, and motor features as PD. Moreover, DLB has shared underlying pathophysiology with PD, as both are associated with postmortem findings of α-synuclein neuropathology at autopsy and have shared genetic risk and prodromal symptoms. DLB is clinically differentiated from PD by the presenting features of cognitive impairment in DLB, compared with the variable onset of cognitive impairment occurring 1 year or more after established motor onset in PD. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms in DLB are similar to that of PD and have important implications for maintaining patient independence and providing support for caregivers because motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms have an additive effect on patient functional disability.

A careful history and physical examination are often needed to accurately diagnose and treat the heterogeneous cognitive and behavioral symptoms of PD and DLB. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in PD and DLB are important, as these are a considerable source of patient disability and caregiver burden.
Palliative Care and Movement Disorders
Authors: Katz Maya
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the role of palliative care in the treatment of patients with life-limiting neurodegenerative movement disorders.

RECENT FINDINGS

Growing evidence indicates that palliative care significantly improves quality of life and symptom burden for people with Parkinson disease and other serious movement disorders, while reducing caregiver burnout. An emphasis on advance care planning guides goal-directed treatment recommendations. Serious illness communication skills are evidence-based methods of relaying bad medical news to patients and mapping out values and goals in a way that provides comfort, emphasizes patient autonomy, and builds coping and resiliency strategies.

Palliative care, when offered alongside primary medical and neurologic teams, provides an extra layer of support for people with serious illnesses. The goal of palliative care is to intensively treat total pain, which includes all of the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual distress caused by serious illness. Serious illness communication skills are key to providing empathic and goal-concordant care.
Systematic Review of Fitbit Charge 2 Validation Studies for Exercise Tracking
Authors: Irwin Crista , Gary Rebecca
Published: October 2022

Context

There are research-grade devices that have been validated to measure either heart rate (HR) by electrocardiography with a Polar chest strap or step count with ActiGraph accelerometer. However, wearable activity trackers that measure HR and steps concurrently have been tested against research-grade accelerometers and HR monitors with conflicting results. This review examines validation studies of the Fitbit Charge 2 (FBC2) for accuracy in measuring HR and step count and evaluates the device’s reliability for use by researchers and clinicians.

Design

This registered review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The risk-of-bias visualization (robvis) tool was used to assess the strength of each considered article.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligible articles published between 2018 and 2019 were identified using PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Cochran, and World of Science databases and hand searches. All articles were HR and/or step count validation studies for the FBC2 in adult ambulatory populations.

Study Selection

Eight articles were examined in accordance with the eligibility criteria alignment and agreement among the authors and research librarian.

Main Outcome Measures

Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were used to measure agreement between the tracker and criterion devices. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to average the individual absolute percent errors.

Results

Studies that measured CCC found that agreement between the FBC2 and criterion devices ranged between 26% and 92% for HR monitoring, decreasing in accuracy as exercise intensity increased. Inversely, CCC increased from 38% to 99% for step count when exercise intensity increased. HR error between MAPE was 9.21% to 68% and showed more error as exercise intensity increased. Step measurement error MAPE was 12% for healthy persons aged 24–72 yr but was reported at 46% in an older population with heart failure.

Conclusions

Relative agreement with criterion and low-to-moderate MAPE were consistent in most studies reviewed and support validation of the FBC2 to accurately measure HR at low or moderate exercise intensities. However, more investigation controlling testing and measurement congruency is needed to validate step capabilities. The literature supports the validity of the FBC2 to accurately monitor HR, but for step count, it is inconclusive, so the device may not be suitable for recommended use in all populations.
Repeated recurrence of bilateral gigantomastia after subcutaneous mastectomy caused by tumoral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sornlertlumvanich Manisa , Rohitopakarn Patteera , Samphao Srila , Pradaranon Varanatjaa , Kaewpiboon Warunee , Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Danglaoun Siriorn
Published: October 2022

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is an uncommon benign proliferative mesenchymal lesion of the breast with a hormonal-sensitive nature. Various manifestations of PASH, ranging from an incidental microscopic finding in a tissue biopsy to a large palpable mass or bilateral gigantomastia, have been described. For tumoral PASH, surgical excision is indicated for a growing and symptomatic mass with a small chance of recurrence. A recurrence of bilateral gigantomastia after surgical excision or reduction mammoplasty is not common but has been occasionally reported, leading to further mastectomy. Repeated recurrence of bilateral gigantomastia is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with the third recurrence of bilateral gigantomastia caused by tumoral PASH, after undergoing bilateral reduction mammoplasty, and later subcutaneous mastectomy. Precocious puberty occurred early in this child at the age of 9 years, which may have been a factor unmasking PASH at this young age. The incomplete removal of the PASH could also have been a recurrence risk in our case as extended masses underneath the pectoralis muscle were later identified on the MRI study. This highlights the advantage of preoperative imaging in cases with a very large tumoral PASH in order to maximize the chance of complete tumor removal.
Μελέτη έκφρασης γενετικών πολυμορφισμών που συνδέονται με μεταβολές της οστικής πυκνότητας σε ασθενείς με πολλαπλό μυέλωμα
Authors: Κανέλλιας Νικόλαος
Published: October 2022

Το Πολλαπλό Μυέλωμα (ΠΜ) αποτελεί μία από τις συχνότερες κακοήθειες. Αντιστοιχεί στο 10% των αιματολογικών και στο 1% του συνόλου των κακοηθειών [1]. Το 2018, οι νέες διαγνώσεις ήταν 48.300 ενώ 30.900 άτομα υπολογίστηκε ότι πέθαναν από τη νόσο [2]. Η διάμεση ηλικία κατά τη διάγνωση είναι τα 65 έτη. Λιγότερο από το 3% των ασθενών διαγιγνώσκονται πριν από την ηλικία των 40 ετών. Ένα από τα βασικά χαρακτηριστικά του ΠΜ είναι η οστική νόσος, η οποία προκύπτει ως αποτέλεσμα αυξημένης λειτουργίας των οστεοκλαστών η οποία δεν συνοδεύεται από αποτελεσματική λειτουργία των οστεοβλαστών[3]. Οστεολυτικές βλάβες ανιχνεύονται στο 70-80% των ασθενών κατά τη διάγνωση και αυξάνουν τον κίνδυνο για σκελετικά συμβάντα (SREs: παθολογικά κατάγματα, συμπίεση νωτιαίου μυελού (SCC), απαίτηση για χειρουργική επέμβαση ή ακτινοθεραπεία στα οστά). Τα SRE έχουν αντίκτυπο στην ποιότητα ζωής (QoL) και την επιβίωση των ασθενών με ΠΜ και επηρεάζουν τόσο την κλινική εικόνα όσο και τις οικονομικές πτυχές της ζωής τουςΟι πληροφορίες αναφορικά με τη συχνότητα των σκελετικών συμβάντων (SREs) σε νεοδιαγνωσθέντες ασθενείς με πολλαπλό μυέλωμα (ΠΜ) στην εποχή των νεότερων παραγόντων είναι πολύ περιορισμένες. Για το λόγο αυτό, πραγματοποιήσαμε αυτήν την μονοκεντρική, προοπτική, μελέτη παρατήρησης για να προσδιορίσουμε την επίπτωση των SREs μεταξύ των νεοδιαγνωσθέντων ασθενών με ΠΜ και για τη διερεύνηση των πιθανών συσχετίσεων με τα χαρακτηριστικά της νόσου, απεικονιστικά ευρήματα και πρόγνωση των ασθενών. Έλαβαν μέρος συνολικά 370 ασθενείς. Μεταξύ αυτών, 208 (56%) παρουσίασαν τουλάχιστον ένα SRE στο διάγνωση. Τα κατάγματα ήταν τα πιο συχνά αναφερόμενα SRE (48%). Η συχνότητα εμφάνισης SRE κατά τη διάγνωση ήταν υψηλότερη σε ασθενείς με οστεολυτικές βλάβες, παθολογικό πρότυπο μαγνητικής τομογραφίας, υπερασβεστιαιμία και δίηθηση μυελού μεγαλύτερη από 60%. Σημαντικό εύρημα της παρούσας μελέτης αποτελεί το γεγονός ότι οι ασθενείς με φυσιολογικό πρότυπο μαγνητικής τομογραφίας και απουσία σκελετικών συμβαμάτων κατά τη διάγνωση, είχαν στατιστικά σημαντικά βελτιωμένη διάμεση συνολική επιβίωση (OS) σε σύγκριση με τους ασθενείς που είχαν παθολογικά πρότυπα μαγνητικής τομογραφίας ή/και παρουσία SRE κατά τη διάγνωση (9,3 vs. 6,6 έτη, p = 0,048). Τα δεδομένα μας, τα οποία αντιπροσωπεύουν μία από τις λίγες συστηματικές αναφορές για τη συχνότητα και χαρακτηριστικά των SREs στην εποχή των νεότερων παραγόντων, ανέδειξαν υψηλή συχνότητα εμφάνισης SRE κατά τη διάγνωση. Η έγκαιρη ανίχνευση της οστικής νόσου και η εξατομικευμένη διαχείριση του ασθενούς είναι απαραίτητα για τη βελτιστοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων.
The linguistic profile of Greek individuals with down syndrome
Authors: Σταθοπούλου Νικολίτσα
Published: October 2022

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή συμβάλει στη διαγλωσσική έρευνα στον τομέα των νευροαναπτυξιακών διαταραχών, διερευνώντας τις μορφοσυντακτικές ικανότητες των Ελλήνων εφήβων με σύνδρομο Down (εφεξής DS). Το DS είναι η πιο συχνή νευροαναπτυξιακή διαταραχή και θεωρείται η κύρια γενετική αιτία νοητικής υστέρησης (Hagerman, 1999). Η γλωσσική ανάπτυξη των ατόμων με DS αποτελεί μια ιδιαίτερη πρόκληση αφού θεωρείται ότι είναι σχετικά πιο επιβαρυμένη από άλλες γνωστικές λειτουργίες (Lenneberg, 1967). Επιπλέον, ορισμένα πεδία της γλώσσας επηρεάζονται περισσότερο από άλλα, με τη γραμματική να είναι πιο σοβαρά επιβαρυμένη σε σχέση με το λεξιλόγιο, τη σημασιολογία και την πραγματολογία. Εξετάστηκαν τα ακόλουθα ερωτήματα: (1) η γλωσσική ανάπτυξη των Ελλήνων με DS καθυστερεί ή παρεκκλίνει; (2) Είναι το γλωσσικό έλλειμμα στο DS συνέπεια μιας γενικής (μη γλωσσικής) γνωστικής έκπτωσης; (3) Η γλωσσική ανάπτυξη των ατόμων με DS εμφανίζει τους ίδιους κλινικούς δείκτες με άλλα συγγενή σύνδρομα διαφορετικής γενετικής προέλευσης (π.χ. Ειδική Γλωσσική Διαταραχή, Σύνδρομο Williams) ή οι δυσκολίες που παρουσιάζουν τα άτομα με DS είναι ειδικές του συγκεκριμένου συνδρόμου; Συμμετείχαν δύο ομάδες: οκτώ έφηβοι με DS (μέση νοητική ηλικία: 5,9) και δεκαέξι παιδιά τυπικής ανάπτυξης, των οποίων η χρονολογική ηλικία ήταν αντίστοιχη με τις νοητικές ηλικίες των συμμετεχόντων με DS. Τα υπό διερεύνηση φαινόμενα είναι η θεωρία της αναφορικής δέσμευσης, αναφορικές προτάσεις και ερωτηματικές προτάσεις καθώς και κατανόηση παρελθοντικού χρόνου. Τα ευρήματα έδειξαν ότι η γραμματική ανάπτυξη των ατόμων με DS δεν υστερεί απλώς, αλλά ότι η γλωσσική τους απόδοση παρεκκλίνει από αυτήν των παιδιών με τυπική ανάπτυξη. Επιπρόσθετα, ενώ η ομάδα με DS είχε δυσκολίες σε όλα τα υπό εξέταση φαινόμενα, τα αποτελέσματα δεν καθορίζουν εάν αυτές οι δυσκολίες είναι ειδικές μόνο στη γραμματική ή οφείλονται σε γενικές γνωστικές βλάβες. Τέλος, η σύγκριση με μια ομάδα παιδιών με Ειδική Γλωσσική Διαταραχή (Σταυρακάκη, 2001) αποκάλυψε ένα ξεχωριστό γλωσσολογικό προφίλ, το οποίο είναι χαρακτηριστικό για το κάθε σύνδρομο με διαφορετικό γενετικό υπόβαθρο.
Digital twin and its applications in the construction industry: A state-of-art systematic review
Authors: Su Shuaiming , Zhong Ray Y. , Jiang Yishuo
Published: October 2022

The construction industry has a great impact on social and economic development because of its wide coverage and a large number of stakeholders involved. It is precisely owing to its large volume that technological innovation of the construction industry is relatively slow. The birth and rapid development of digital twins brings more hope to the construction industry. This paper summarizes the current development of digital twin and its applications in construction industry. First, the concepts and applications of digital twin are analyzed. Then, the research on digital twins in the construction industry in the past five years is reviewed. The main research directions and key technologies are pointed out in the end. This paper could guide related practitioners to clearly grasp the research application status of digital twin in the construction industry. It could also help to find suitable research directions.
A comparative study of four-year and community college students' subjective experiences of emerging adulthood, belonging needs, and well-being
Authors: McCoy Shelly S. , Chou Catherine P. , Grahe Jon E. , Miller Travis J. , Photias Kyrsti L.
Published: October 2022

Background: Research on the core features of emerging adulthood has disproportionately focused on students from four-year universities.

Methods: Using data from the EAMMi2 project (Grahe et al., 2018), we assess whether the core features of emerging adulthood (as the age of possibilities, instability, identity explorations, and feeling in-between) vary between four-year university and community college students. We also explore how emerging adults compare on the need to belong and subjective well-being.

Results: Four-year university students (N = 1,221) identified more strongly with the negativity/instability and feeling in-between dimensions of emerging adulthood than community college students (N = 300). Community college students, however, were higher on identity exploration, with no differences between the groups in identification with the experimentation/possibilities feature of emerging adulthood. Four-year students reported higher well-being and higher belonging needs compared to their counterparts at community colleges. Regardless of school type, experimentation/possibilities and feeling in-between predicted higher well-being whereas negativity/instability predicted lower well-being and higher belonging needs.

Conclusion: These findings highlight nuance in the experiences of emerging adulthood, as evidenced by both some shared experiences and group-level differences.
How botulinum toxin affects nonverbal communication: a visualisation using artificial intelligence
Authors: Wichers Marsha
Published: October 2022

Marsha Wichers provides an insight into the link between botulinum toxin injections and facial expressions
Research Roundup
Authors: McGloin Claudia
Published: October 2022

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
كروس رف والبيانات الوصفية: رؤى متقدمة
Authors: Mostafa Mohamad , Fairhurst Vanessa
Published: October 2022

تُستخدم بيانات كروسريف الوصفية في خدمات مثل أنظمة تتبع المخطوطات وخدمات البحث وبرامج الإدارة الببليوغرافية وأنظمة المكتبات وأدوات تحديد سمات المؤلفين وقواعد بيانات الموضوعات المتخصصة وشبكات المشاركة العلمية وغيرها. انضم إلينا لإلقاء نظرة معمقة على البيانات الوصفية التي يمكن تسجيلها معنا، بما في ذلك إلقاء نظرة على أداة تقارير المشاركة الخاصة بنا حيث يمكنك/ي تحديد أي فجوات في البيانات الوصفية الخاصة بك Crossref metadata is used in services such as manuscript tracking systems, search services, bibliographic management software, library systems, author profiling tools, specialist subject databases, scholarly sharing networks, and more. Join us for a closer look at the metadata you can register with us, including taking a look at our Participation Reports tool where you can identify any gaps in your metadata.