bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’intimité à l’épreuve des paradoxes de l’espace cellulaire
Authors: Tschanz Anaïs
Published: May 2020

Cet article explore l’intimité des personnes incarcérées à travers le prisme de l’espace cellulaire et de ses paradoxes. À partir d’une approche phénoménologique, cette étude propose une réflexion autour de deux éléments de la configuration cellulaire : 1) sa porte, à la fois gardienne de la sphère intime et ouverture par laquelle les intrusions se réalisent, 2) son aménagement, qui témoigne de divers modes d’appropriation. Proposant une analyse par le bas des mécanismes qui s’y jouent, cette étude envisage la prison comme un espace contraignant, mais modulable, et reflète la créativité déployée par les détenus pour préserver leurs individualités, grâce à une négociation quotidienne de leur environnement.
Entre religions et spiritualité, quels rôles pour la laïcité dans les collèges publics : une comparaison franco-brésilienne
Authors: Valente Gabriela
Published: May 2020

La montée des études qui prennent en considération la religiosité et la spiritualité comme un composant de la pensée rationnelle a des conséquences sur l’observation de la relation entre le séculier et le religieux. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser le rôle du religieux dans les collèges publics, dans deux pays qui se définissent comme laïques, le Brésil et la France. Comment la spiritualité et la religiosité sont traitées dans les établissements scolaires ? Quel est le rôle du religieux dans les collèges publics ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une étude ethnographique menée dans une perspective d’éducation comparée nous donne accès à des situations scolaires concernant le religieux. Les résultats de cette étude interrogent deux modèles de laïcité à l’école qui accordent une place différente à la religiosité dans l’éducation.
Le constituant négro-africain dans le théâtre moderne
Authors: Abdelmajid Azouine
Published: May 2020

La tentative de désoccidentaliser le théâtre au lendemain de la naissance de la tendance avant-gardiste au théâtre a entraîné une certaine ouverture de la littérature théâtrale sur d’autres cultures et sur d’autres traditions extra-européennes en l’occurrence celle africaine. Le constat puise sa légitimité tant sur le plan des théories et des écrits sur le théâtre que sur le plan la mise en scène et essentiellement de la dramaturgie. Il suffit dans ce sens de rappeler qu’Antonin Artaud dans sa conception du théâtre de la cruauté prône un retour aux origines rituelles du jeu théâtral, que certains dramaturges ont fait de la cause des noirs et des marginaux leurs thèmes de prédilections. Cet article interroge dans ce sens le retour du jeu masqué et du rite, la reconstruction de l’espace scénique et la réexploitation de l’objet dans certaines formes théâtrales modernes comme le happening, le théâtre de participation et la performance. Dans un second temps, il met l’accent sur les figures du noir, de l’africain asservi chez Jean Genet à travers sa pièce Les Nègres.
Aux sources du théâtre ivoirien moderne : cas des premiers auteurs et leurs œuvres
Authors: Kouassi Akissi Florence
Published: May 2020

Le théâtre occupe une place de choix dans l’univers littéraire ivoirien. En effet, en Côte d’Ivoire, c’est par lui qu’est née la littérature ivoirienne. Mais l’histoire spécifique de ce genre est demeurée dans l’ombre des autres. Il semble opportun de procéder à une immersion rétroactive, c’est-à-dire de rappeler la part que l’histoire littéraire peut prendre dans son avancée. D’où ce thème qui se veut un bref essai historiographique du théâtre ivoirien. Cette contribution ambitionne de revenir aux sources de la naissance de ce genre dans ce contexte qui fut le sien en tentant de répondre aux questions suivantes : Comment est-il né ? Pourquoi ? Quelles étaient les premières pièces ? Comment furent-elles accueillies ? Quelles furent les premières évolutions du théâtre ivoirien ? Et comment a-t-il évolué jusqu’aux indépendances ?
Le théâtre estudiantin à la recherche d’une gloire perdue
Authors: Nouwligbèto Fernand
Published: May 2020

Quels sont les déterminants de la léthargie profonde dans laquelle semble plongé, depuis 1995, l’Ensemble artistique et culturel des Étudiants (EACE) de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi ? L’objectif de la présente étude est d’élucider les causes du crépuscule artistique de l’une des troupes les plus célèbres du théâtre béninois, créée depuis 1977. Nous présumons que l’autocensure inhibe les élans artistiques des étudiants en même temps qu’elle induit à leur niveau des stratégies de captage de rente. Sur la base des outils de la critique historique, combinée parfois avec ceux de l’approche « bourdieusienne » des champs littéraires, la vérification de cette hypothèse s’est faite à travers un développement en quatre articulations : après un aperçu sur le contexte de création de l’E.ACE, puis une présentation schématique de cette troupe estudiantine, l’attention a été portée sur l’évolution de la production dramatique de celle-ci avant que ne soit posé le diagnostic de la crise à laquelle elle est confrontée.
Dramaturgies et manifestations spectaculaires. Problématiques du théâtre en Afrique
Authors: Komlan Gbanou Sélom
Published: May 2020

Les travaux sur le théâtre en Afrique ne s’émancipent que rarement des travaux de François Victor Equilbecq qui, au début du xxe siècle, se targuait, dans un élan eurocentrique, du privilège d’avoir apporté le théâtre aux « indigènes d’Afrique ». Dès lors l’idée que le théâtre africain est d’invention européenne perdure, faisant perdre de vue la dimension de l’essence humaine de jeu qui est à l’origine de toute pratique dramaturgique. L’objet de la présente étude est de réfléchir sur cette part de partition de jeu, de re-présentation du visible et de l’invisible, de Soi et de l’Autre, du concret et de l’abstrait qui caractérise le théâtre en Afrique. Il interroge les pratiques culturelles et cultuelles dans leur rapport au corps social et au corps de l’individu dans une perspective de spectacle, le rôle et la place du théâtre écrit dans les langues occidentales et les nouvelles formes d’adaptation du théâtre africain au cinéma.
Triggering of the cGAS–STING Pathway in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Inhibits TLR9-Mediated IFN Production
Authors: Deb Pratik , Dai Jihong , Singh Sukhwinder , Kalyoussef Evelyne , Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia
Published: May 2020

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are potent producers of type I and type III IFNs and play a major role in antiviral immunity and autoimmune disorders. The innate sensing of nucleic acids remains the major initiating factor for IFN production by pDCs. TLR-mediated sensing of nucleic acids via endosomal pathways has been studied and documented in detail, whereas the sensing of DNA in cytosolic compartment in human pDCs remains relatively unexplored. We now demonstrate the existence and functionality of the components of cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway comprising cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of IFN gene (STING) in human pDCs. cGAS was initially located in the cytosolic compartment of pDCs and time-dependently colocalized with non-CpG double-stranded immunostimulatory DNA (ISD). Following the colocalization of ISD with cGAS, the downstream pathway was triggered as STING disassociated from its location at the endoplasmic reticulum. Upon direct stimulation of pDCs by STING agonist 2′3′ cGAMP or dsDNA, pDC-s produced type I, and type III IFN. Moreover, we documented that cGAS–STING–mediated IFN production is mediated by nuclear translocation of IRF3 whereas TLR9-mediated activation occurs through IRF7. Our data also indicate that pDC prestimulation of cGAS–STING dampened the TLR9-mediated IFN production. Furthermore, triggering of cGAS–STING induced expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in pDCs, indicating a possible autoinhibitory loop that impedes IFN production by pDCs. Thus, our study indicates that the cGAS–STING pathway exists in parallel to the TLR9-mediated DNA recognition in human pDCs with cross-talk between these two pathways.
Larvicidal activity of Vietnamese Solanum nigrum on mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Dinh T.D.H. , Le Q.T. , Nguyen T.D. , Nguyen T.Q.T. , Ho A.S. , Nguyen V.B. , Nguyen T.V. , Hoang T.H. , Nguyen V.D. , Nguyen K.L.
Published: May 2020

A Vietnamese domestic plant namely Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) was subjected to test for larvicidal activity on two majors Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) vectors Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus). The plant was processed to get infusions in hot water or extracted in ethanol. Laboratory and field larval strains of two Aedes species were exposed to the infusions and extract at increasing concentrations for one hour and followed-up intensively for up to 72 hours. The obtained results of bioassay showed larvicidal effects of extract on all mosquito strains. The effects on laboratory strain of Ae. aegypti larvae were correlated with infusions and extract concentrations. Chopped plant infusions in hot water indicated mortality up to 77.3% of larvae. Ground plant infusions killed all of exposed larvae at day 3 postexposure. Median lethal concentrations (LC50,s) of chopped and ground plant infusions were 10.25 and 7.54%, respectively. Ethanolic extract had very strong effect on experimental subjects. Within 72 hours, 100% of laboratory strain of Ae. aegypti larvae died after exposure to extract at 100 parts per million (ppm) or higher concentrations. Ethanolic plant extract showed similar larvicidal effect on field strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The percentage mortality of field strains larvae reached 100% after exposure to 100 ppm of plant extract. At concentrations of 1000 ppm, 100% of exposed larvae died with 8 hours. LC50 on tested larvae was 25.07-33.60 ppm. Strong larvicidal activity of S. nigrum suggests the possible application in DHF vector control effort.
Serebral Palsili Bir Çocuğun Orem Öz-Bakım Eksikliği Kuramı'na Göre Hemşirelik Bakımı: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: KAHRAMAN BERBEROĞLU Bircan , ÇALIŞIR Hüsniye
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kuadriplejik tipte Serebral Palsi (SP) tanısı olan bir çocuk hastanın Orem Öz-bakım Eksikliği Kuramı'na göre hemşirelik girişimlerinin planlanması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Pediatri servisinde on gündür yatmakta olan SP, epilepsi ve hidrosefali tanılı hastada gözlem, fizik muayene ve iletişim tekniği kullanılarak Orem Öz-Bakım Eksikliği Kuramı’nda yer alan temel durumsal faktörler değerlendirildi. Kuramın her basamağı Orem’in oluşturduğu hemşirelik sistemi, öz-bakım ve öz-bakım yetersizlik modelinin verilerinin yer aldığı bakım planı üzerinden özetlendi ve örümcek kavram haritası ile sunuldu.Bulgular: SP, epilepsi ve hidrosefalisi olan 8 yaşında kız hastanın öz-bakım gereksinimlerini etkileyen faktörler arasında hastalığın şiddetine bağlı sekonder sorunlarının fazla, destek mekanizmalarının ve bakım vericilerin bilgi düzeyinin yetersiz olduğu saptandı. Hastanın öz-bakım gücünün, algısal, bilişsel ve duyusal yeterliliğinin oldukça zayıf olduğu görüldü. Orem’e göre hastanın en önemli sağlıktan sapma gereksinimleri; solunum, görme, diş, üriner, oral motor ve uyku problemleri, beslenme bozukluğu, mental retardasyon, epileptik nöbetler ve sosyal izolasyon olarak belirlendi.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, kuadriplejik tipte SP’li bir çocuk hastanın, Orem’in Öz-bakım Eksikliği Kuramı'na göre temel öz-bakım becerilerini karşılamakta oldukça yetersiz olduğu saptandı. Bu nedenle hemşirenin “Tümüyle Eksiklik Giderici” rolü kapsamında hastanın öz-bakımını sağlayıcı hemşirelik girişimleri planlandı. Ayrıca hastanın öz-bakımını karşılayan annesinin ve diğer aile üyelerinin gereksinimleri, hemşirenin “Destekleyici ve Eğitsel” rolü kapsamında ele alınarak eğitim ve danışmanlık planlandı. Pediatri hemşireleri, SP’li çocukların öz-bakımlarını gerçekleştirme durumlarını ve öz-bakım gereksinimlerini belirlemeli, öz-bakımını gerçekleştirmede çocuk ve ebeveynlerini desteklemelidirler.
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Öğrencilerinin Flört Şiddet Kapsamındaki Davranışlara İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: KIZILCA ÇAKALOZ Damla , ÇOBAN Ayden , IRMAK Azize
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Flört şiddeti, kişilerarası şiddet türlerinden olup ve çiftlerin flört ilişkisinde birbirlerine karşı sözel, cinsel, duygusal ve fiziksel şiddet ya da şiddet içeren davranışlar uygulaması ve birbirlerinin davranışlarına sosyal kısıtlamalar getirmesidir. Araştırmanın amacı Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin flört şiddeti kapsamındaki davranışlara ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte olup, 20.12.2018-20.01.2019 tarihleri arasında Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi’nde eğitimini sürdüren ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 348 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatür incelenerek geliştirilen “Katılımcı Bilgi Formu” ve geçerlik ve güvenirliği Yumuşak ve Şahin (2014) tarafından yapılan “Flörtte Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçekleri” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 15.0 paket programından yararlanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan ölçeklerin iç tutarlılık katsayıları 0.86 ile 0.84 arasında bulunmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21.03±2.05 (18-32) yıl, %65.2’si kadın olduğu, %32.2’si 3. sınıf öğrencisi, %55.7’sinin fen bilimleri alanında eğitim gördüğü, %57.2’si evde kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin %32.2’sinin babası, %30.5’inin annesi lise mezunudur. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %83.6’sının daha önce %45.7’sinin şuan flört ilişkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin flörtü ile en sık tartışma nedeni kıskançlık (%22.9) olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Flörtte Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçekleri puanlarına göre; Erkeğin Flörtte Uyguladığı Psikolojik Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 28.39±8.07 (12-64), Erkeğin Flörtte Uyguladığı Fiziksel Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 18.54±8.07 (12-54), Kadının Flörtte Uyguladığı Psikolojik Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 20.96±8.08 (11-51), Kadının Flörtte Uyguladığı Fiziksel Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 21.92±8.50 (12-47) dır.Sonuç: Bu bulgulara bağlı olarak erkek öğrencilerin flörtte fizikselden daha çok psikolojik şiddet, kadın öğrencilerin ise flörtte psikolojik şiddetten daha fazla fiziksel şiddet uygulama eğiliminde oldukları saptanmıştır.
Perimenstrüel Distresin Hafifletilmesinde Refleksolojinin Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BOLSOY Nursen , ŞİRİN Ahsen
Published: May 2020

Amaç: Araştırmada perimenstrüel distresi hafifletmede refleksolojinin etkisininin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Randomize kontrollü deneysel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma evrenini, 585 genç kadın oluşturmuştur. Perimenstrüel distres puanı yüksek olan 94 katılımcıdan tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile 47 kişilik iki grup oluşturulmuştur. Değişik nedenlerden dolayı çalışma dışı kalanlar olmuştur. Araştırmanın refleksoloji grubu 31 kişi, rutin tedavi grubu (NSAID Tedavisi) 33 kişi ile tamamlanmıştır. Her iki gruba da araştırmacı tarafından perimenstrüel distresi hafifletmeye yönelik hemşirelik eğitimi verilmiştir. Katılımcılar, iki siklus refleksoloji öncesi, iki siklus refleksoloji süresince ve iki siklus refleksoloji sonrasında olmak üzere altı siklus izlenmiştir. Araştırmacı tarafından iki siklus süresince (sekiz seans), haftada bir defa, yarım saat süre ile kulaklara, ellere ve ayaklara refleksoloji uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; Birey Tanıtım Formu, Birey İzlem Formu” ve “Menstrüel Distres Şikâyet Listesi (MDQ)” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Uygulanan refleksoloji sonucu, menstrüel dönem semptomlarında %46.54, premenstrüel dönem semptomlarında %44.99 azalma olmuştur. Refleksoloji uygulanan birinci siklusta; menstrüel ve premenstrüel dönemlerde refleksoloji grubu ile rutin tedavi grubunun puan ortalamaları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken (p=0.33,0.35), ikinci siklusta menstrüel ve premenstrüel dönemlerde refleksoloji grubunun puanlarının rutin tedavi grubundan daha düşük olduğu ve bunun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0.02, 0.01). Refleksoloji bırakıldıktan sonra da anlamlı fark devam etmiştir.Sonuç: Perimenstrüel yakınmaları olan genç kadınlar için refleksoloji uygulaması semptomların şiddetini azaltıcı tamamlayıcı bir tedavi olarak önerilebilir.
Psychodynamic formulations of paraphilias
Authors: Delcea Cristian
Published: May 2020

Therapists need to deal more and more with issues involving patients that engage in compulsive sexual behaviour or paraphilias. For the purpose of this article I would like to explore the psychodynamic perspective on paraphilias or perversions as they are referred to in the psychoanalytic literature.
Zoophilia
Authors: Palade Maricica
Published: May 2020

Zoophilia or zooerastia (1), bestiality (2), bestiosexuality is a sexual practice that causes pleasure to a group of people, restricted in percentage and of both sexes. During this article we aim to clarify aspects related to the history of this disorder, the degree of spread at the population level, forms of zoophilia, explanatory theories and therapeutic approaches.
El Deleite de Enseñar y Aprender: Caso Fundación Bandera Blanca
Authors: Ramírez Hernández Olga Marta
Published: May 2020

This document contains a case study, in which the constructivist pedagogical model was applied at the Fundación Bandera Blanca, a non-governmental organization focused on children’s care and protection. It was developed in the Project Management and Planning course (May to August 2019). The limitations of the organization to receive money donations in order to continue operating were studied. Course students created a website for the organization, successfully applying project-based learning and the constructivist model.
Optimalisasi Kinerja MGPS Pada Sistem Pendinginan di Kapal MT. Ketaling
Authors: Pratama Edgar , Nasri  , Ritonga Ali Imran
Published: May 2020

Marine Growth Prevention System (MGPS) is an anti-fouling machine used to prevent excessive growth of marine biota and rust in the sea water cooling system. The purpose of this study was to determine the decline in MGPS performance factors, the impact of these factors, and the efforts made to optimize the performance of MGPS. The method used in this study is qualitative, using Fishbone and SHEL data analysis techniques. Fishbone is used to analyze possible problem factors and then analyze and categorize problem priorities using the SHEL technique. The results of the study concluded that the decline in MGPS performance was caused by inaccurate voltage regulation, the use of anodes that exceeded the age limit, sea water conditions or elements, and lack of knowledge of an engineer. This has an impact on the MGPS performance on the cooling system on the ship. To overcome these factors, operation and maintenance of MGPS machining must be based on a manual book, replace anodes that are over the age limit, and provide training to engineers about MGPS machining
Simulasi Pengisian Air Ketel Menggunakan Rangkaian IC Gerbang Logika Dasar Sesuai di MV. Tanto Setia
Authors: Kurniawan Ardhi , Wahyudiono Ahmad , Purwantini Sri
Published: May 2020

Sebuah sistem pengendalian diperlukan untuk mengisi air di dalam ketel. Sistem pengendalian ini menggunakan rangkaian integrated circuit gerbang logika dasar. Terdapat berbagai langkah untuk membuat sistem pengendalian pengisian air ketel. Sistem pengendalian ini akan disimulasikan menggunakan rangkaian integrated circuit yang dapat dijalankan secara otomatis dan manual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui cara pembuatan simulasi pengisian air ketel menggunakan rangkaian integrated circuit gerbang logika dasar yang dapat dioperasikan secara manual ataupun otomatis seperti di kapal MV.Tanto Setia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif untuk menggambarkan dan menguraikan proses pembuatan alat simulasi pengisian air ketel serta teori-teori yang berhubungan dengan pengendalian alat tersebut. Eksperimen dan pengamatan secara langsung dilakukan dalam proses pembuatan pengendalian alat agar sesuai yang diharapkan. Hasil pembuatan simulasi pengisian air ketel menggunakan rangkaian IC NOR 4001. Pengisian air ketel ini di pengaruhi oleh sensor water level. Tetapi sensor tak berpengaruh jika pengendalian mode manual. Rangkaian menggunakan integrated circuit gerbang logika dasar lebih sederhana dan cepat dimengerti bagi pemula.
Pengiriman Kargo Untuk Mendukung Transaksi Pengiriman Barang Untuk Peningkatan Transaksi Biaya Pengiriman Lebih Efisien
Authors: Paleon Sutini , Harcici Harcici , Septian Yoga
Published: May 2020

In this research to support the needs of shipping transactions that have become the main components of each individual and and all individuals also want delivery of goods quickly and securely to ensure that delivery of goods to the place and the exact timeof land transportation and to the sea. Marketing activities, delivery of goods related to distribution, delivery of goods or services from the sender to the sender to increase delivery transactions. The right mode of transportation for freight through thesea. The purpose of this research is to choose the right path. Methods used in this study using quantitative methods. To do research in Tanjung Emas Harbour. Results of this research calculation of shipping cost of Container that is through the Green LineRp. 2,516,417,000.  Calculation  of  shipping  cost  of  container  that  through  the  red  Line  Rp. 4,404,077,320 There is a very significant difference in cost. The purpose of this research is to choose a more efficient path, the sedation method used and quantitative survey.
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENDIRIAN DAN PEMBUBARAN ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT
Authors: WARDI M. KHAIRUL
Published: May 2020

The spirit of building a nation began before and after Indonesia's independence. One of the ways is by establishing a Social Organization, the provisions of the Law on Mass Organizations under the Staatsblad 1870 Number 64 concerning Legal Entities (Rechtspersoonlijkhied van Vereenigingen) which were established before the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia and consistently maintaining the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. as a national asset and do not need to register in accordance with the provisions of this Law. Organizations are required to have AD and ART to be used as guidelines in carrying out organizational activities, ratification as a Association Legal Entity issued by the Minister of Law and Human Rights. CBOs are prohibited from spreading teachings and actions that are contrary to Pancasila. So that Law Number 17 of 2013 concerning Mass Organizations is no longer sufficient, finally the government issued Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2017 to explain more broadly about prohibited teachings / understandings. The research method used is normative research, with the focus of the study being on the statutory approach to the establishment and dissolution of Community Organizations and reviewing the Supreme Court Decisions related to the establishment and dissolution of CSOs by taking case studies of NW and HTI decisions. The purpose of this study is to find out how the procedures for establishing community organizations and the dissolution mechanism of CSOs. Furthermore, conducting a case study based on the Decision of the Supreme Court Number 37K / TUN / 2016 concerning the establishment of Nahdlatul Wathan (NW) and Decision Number 27K / TUN / 2019 concerning the dissolution of the Indonesian Hizb ut-Tahrir Association (HTI).
Book Review on Integrating Information and Communication Technologies in English for Specific Purposes
Authors: Ekmekçi Emrah
Published: May 2020

Rapid developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) in recent years have inevitably affected the nature of learning and teaching process in general. As a result of this, teachers have been constantly seeking innovative and alternative ways of teaching in all educational settings as well as in the domain of foreign language learning and teaching. However, there still exist teachers who do not feel pedagogically and technically competent enough to integrate ICT into learning process. There is no doubt that it is of great importance to decide how and when to use technology in pedagogically principled way. The book   Integrating Information and Communication Technologies in English for Specific Purposes is for readers and educators who seek pedagogically appropriate ways of integrating technology in the practice of English for specific purposes (ESP), English for academic purposes (EAP), and English for occupational purposes (EOP).
Pedogenic and subaerial exposure microfabrics in a late Carboniferous-early Permian carbonate-volcanic lacustrine-palustrine system (San Ignacio Formation, Frontal Cordillera, Argentina)
Authors: Méndez-Bedia Isabel , Gallastegui Gloria , Busquets Pedro , Césari Silvia N. , Limarino Carlos O. , Prats Eva , Cardó Raúl , Colombo Ferran
Published: May 2020

In the Argentinian Andes (Frontal Cordillera) the upper part of the late Carboniferous-early Permian San Ignacio Formation is made up of lacustrine-palustrine microbial carbonates and interbedded volcanic deposits. In this lacustrine-palustrine environment a natural monospecific forest was developed. The deposits of this sedimentary-volcanic succession were repeatedly subjected to subaerial exposure and modified by pedogenesis to varying degrees giving rise to paleosoils development. Diagenetic microfabrics were well preserved in the carbonates and volcanic rocks. The carbonate microfabrics comprise a wide spectrum of features consisting of root marks and stumps-related structures (rhizoliths, alveolar texture, tunnel-like structures and coprolites of arthropods), pisoids, coated grains and pseudomicrokarst, cracking, brecciated and nodular fabrics, and grainification also occur corresponding to different stages in the pedogenic evolution. Meteoric dissolution and cementation processes are observed; examples are well identified by scanning electron microscope showing silica-filled voids in partially dissolved carbonates and growths of inorganic carbonate microcrystals or of microbial origin in voids. Other different types of cements can be seen such as discontinuous carbonate crusts, ribbon spar, cavities with silt infillings and pendant cements. The whole set of these microfabrics are indicative of wetting, desiccation and meteoric conditions (vadose and phreatic). The abundance of plant roots and associated micro-organisms mainly of bacterial origin (micro-rods, short rod-shapes, nano-fibres, filaments and nano-spheres) played an important role in the pedogenic and subaerial diagenetic processes affecting these deposits. The immature character of the paleosoils and absence of calcretes point out to short intervals of subaerial exposure due to oscillating fluctuations in water level, intermittent volcanic supply, tectonic subsidence and oscillating climatic conditions. The whole of the macro and microfabrics reveals that the prevailing weather could correspond to an intermediate between semi-arid to sub-humid, however the alternating wetting and drying conditions in which the fossil forest developed and the abundance and diversity of micro-organisms, suggest a transition to sub-humid climate conditions.
The CopterSonde: an insight into the development of a smart unmanned aircraft system for atmospheric boundary layer research
Authors: Segales Antonio R. , Greene Brian R. , Bell Tyler M. , Doyle William , Martin Joshua J. , Pillar-Little Elizabeth A. , Chilson Phillip B.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The CopterSonde is an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) developed in house by a team of engineers and meteorologists at the University of Oklahoma. The CopterSonde is an ambitious attempt by the Center for Autonomous Sensing and Sampling to address the challenge of filling the observational gap present in the lower atmosphere among the currently used meteorological instruments such as towers and radiosondes. The CopterSonde is a unique and highly flexible platform for in situ atmospheric boundary layer measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution, suitable for meteorological applications and research. Custom autopilot algorithms and hardware features were developed as solutions to problems identified throughout several field experiments carried out since 2017. In these field experiments, the CopterSonde has been proven capable of safely operating at wind speeds up to 22 m s−1, flying at 3050 m above mean sea level, and operating in extreme temperatures: nearly −20 ∘C in Finland and 40 ∘C in Oklahoma, United States. Leveraging the open-source ArduPilot autopilot code has allowed for seamless integration of custom functions and protocols for the acquisition, storage, and distribution of atmospheric data alongside the flight control data. This led to the development of features such as the “wind vane mode” algorithm, which commands the CopterSonde to always face into the wind. It also inspired the design of an asymmetric airframe for the CopterSonde, which is shown to provide more suitable locations for weather sensor placement, in addition to allowing for improvements in the overall aerodynamic characteristics of the CopterSonde. Moreover, it has also allowed the team to design and create a modular shell where the sensor package is attached and which can run independently of the CopterSonde's main body. The CopterSonde is on the trend towards becoming a smart UAS tool with a wide possibility of creating new adaptive and optimized atmospheric sampling strategies.
Partitioning climate projection uncertainty with multiple large ensembles and CMIP5/6
Authors: Lehner Flavio , Deser Clara , Maher Nicola , Marotzke Jochem , Fischer Erich M. , Brunner Lukas , Knutti Reto , Hawkins Ed
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Partitioning uncertainty in projections of future climate change
into contributions from internal variability, model response uncertainty
and emissions scenarios has historically relied on making assumptions about
forced changes in the mean and variability. With the advent of multiple
single-model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs), these assumptions
can be scrutinized, as they allow a more robust separation between sources
of uncertainty. Here, the framework from Hawkins and Sutton (2009) for
uncertainty partitioning is revisited for temperature and precipitation
projections using seven SMILEs and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CMIP5 and CMIP6 archives. The original approach is shown to work
well at global scales (potential method bias < 20 %), while at
local to regional scales such as British Isles temperature or Sahel
precipitation, there is a notable potential method bias (up to 50 %), and
more accurate partitioning of uncertainty is achieved through the use of
SMILEs. Whenever internal variability and forced changes therein are
important, the need to evaluate and improve the representation of
variability in models is evident. The available SMILEs are shown to be a
good representation of the CMIP5 model diversity in many situations, making
them a useful tool for interpreting CMIP5. CMIP6 often shows larger absolute
and relative model uncertainty than CMIP5, although part of this difference
can be reconciled with the higher average transient climate response in
CMIP6. This study demonstrates the added value of a collection of SMILEs for
quantifying and diagnosing uncertainty in climate projections.
Eurasian autumn snow link to winter North Atlantic Oscillation is strongest for Arctic warming periods
Authors: Wegmann Martin , Rohrer Marco , Santolaria-Otín María , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In recent years, many components of the connection between Eurasian autumn
snow cover and wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have been
investigated, suggesting that November snow cover distribution has strong
prediction power for the upcoming Northern Hemisphere winter climate.
However, the non-stationarity of this relationship could impact its use for
prediction routines. Here we use snow products from long-term reanalyses to
investigate interannual and interdecadal links between autumnal snow cover
and atmospheric conditions in winter. We find evidence for a negative
NAO-like signal after November with a strong west-to-east snow cover
gradient, which is valid throughout the last 150 years. This correlation is consistently linked to a weak stratospheric polar vortex state. Nevertheless, decadal evolution of this link shows
episodes of decreased correlation strength, which co-occur with episodes of
low variability in the November snow index. By contrast, periods with
high prediction skill for winter NAO are found in periods of high November
snow variability, which co-occur with the Arctic warming periods of the
20th century, namely the early 20th-century Arctic warming between
1920 and 1940 and the ongoing anthropogenic global warming at the end of the
20th century. A strong snow dipole itself is consistently associated
with reduced Barents–Kara sea ice concentration, increased Ural blocking
frequency and negative temperature anomalies in eastern Eurasia.
Nonstationary stochastic rain type generation: accounting for climate drivers
Authors: Benoit Lionel , Vrac Mathieu , Mariethoz Gregoire
Published: May 2020

Abstract. At subdaily resolution, rain intensity exhibits a strong variability in space and time, which is favorably modeled using stochastic approaches. This strong variability is further enhanced because of the diversity of processes that produce rain (e.g., frontal storms, mesoscale convective systems and local convection), which results in a multiplicity of space–time patterns embedded into rain fields and in turn leads to the nonstationarity of rain statistics. To account for this nonstationarity in the context of stochastic weather generators and therefore preserve the relationships between rainfall properties and climatic drivers, we propose to resort to rain type simulation. In this paper, we develop a new approach based on multiple-point statistics to simulate rain type time series conditional to meteorological covariates. The rain type simulation method is tested by a cross-validation procedure using a 17-year-long rain type time series defined over central Germany. Evaluation results indicate that the proposed approach successfully captures the relationships between rain types and meteorological covariates. This leads to a proper simulation of rain type occurrence, persistence and transitions. After validation, the proposed approach is applied to generate rain type time series conditional to meteorological covariates simulated by a regional climate model under an RCP8.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) emission scenario. Results indicate that, by the end of the century, the distribution of rain types could be modified over the area of interest, with an increased frequency of convective- and frontal-like rains at the expense of more stratiform events.
A methodology to conduct wind damage field surveys for high-impact weather events of convective origin
Authors: Rodríguez Oriol , Bech Joan , Soriano Juan de Dios , Gutiérrez Delia , Castán Salvador
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Post-event damage assessments are of paramount importance to document the effects of high-impact weather-related events such as floods or strong wind events. Moreover, evaluating the damage and characterizing its extent and intensity can be essential for further analysis such as completing a diagnostic meteorological case study. This paper presents a methodology to perform field surveys of damage caused by strong winds of convective origin (i.e. tornado, downburst and straight-line winds). It is based on previous studies and also on 136 field studies performed by the authors in Spain between 2004 and 2018. The methodology includes the collection of pictures and records of damage to human-made structures and on vegetation during the in situ visit to the affected area, as well as of available automatic weather station data, witness reports and images of the phenomenon, such as funnel cloud pictures, taken by casual observers. To synthesize the gathered data, three final deliverables are proposed: (i) a standardized text report of the analysed event, (ii) a table consisting of detailed geolocated information about each damage point and other relevant data and (iii) a map or a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing the previous information ready for graphical display and further analysis. This methodology has been applied by the authors in the past, sometimes only a few hours after the event occurrence and, on many occasions, when the type of convective phenomenon was uncertain. In those uncertain cases, the information resulting from this methodology contributed effectively to discern the phenomenon type thanks to the damage pattern analysis, particularly if no witness reports were available. The application of methodologies such as the one presented here is necessary in order to build homogeneous and robust databases of severe weather cases and high-impact weather events.
Contrasting seismic risk for Santiago, Chile, from near-field and distant earthquake sources
Authors: Hussain Ekbal , Elliott John R. , Silva Vitor , Vilar-Vega Mabé , Kane Deborah
Published: May 2020

Abstract. More than half of all the people in the world now live in dense urban centres. The rapid expansion of cities, particularly in low-income nations, has enabled the economic and social development of millions of people. However, many of these cities are located near active tectonic faults that have not produced an earthquake in recent memory, raising the risk of losing hard-earned progress through a devastating earthquake. In this paper we explore the possible impact that earthquakes can have on the city of Santiago in Chile from various potential near-field and distant earthquake sources. We use high-resolution stereo satellite imagery and imagery-derived digital elevation models to accurately map the trace of the San Ramón Fault, a recently recognised active fault located along the eastern margins of the city. We use scenario-based seismic-risk analysis to compare and contrast the estimated damage and losses to the city from several potential earthquake sources and one past event, comprising (i) rupture of the San Ramón Fault, (ii) a hypothesised buried shallow fault beneath the centre of the city, (iii) a deep intra-slab fault, and (iv) the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. We find that there is a strong magnitude–distance trade-off in terms of damage and losses to the city, with smaller magnitude earthquakes in the magnitude range of 6–7.5 on more local faults producing 9 to 17 times more damage to the city and estimated fatalities compared to the great magnitude 8+ earthquakes located offshore in the subduction zone. Our calculations for this part of Chile show that unreinforced-masonry structures are the most vulnerable to these types of earthquake shaking. We identify particularly vulnerable districts, such as Ñuñoa, Santiago, and Providencia, where targeted retrofitting campaigns would be most effective at reducing potential economic and human losses. Due to the potency of near-field earthquake sources demonstrated here, our work highlights the importance of also identifying and considering proximal minor active faults for cities in seismic zones globally in addition to the more major and distant large fault zones that are typically focussed on in the assessment of hazard.
From research to applications – examples of operational ensemble post-processing in France using machine learning
Authors: Taillardat Maxime , Mestre Olivier
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Statistical post-processing of ensemble forecasts, from simple linear regressions to more sophisticated techniques,
is now a well-known procedure for correcting biased and poorly dispersed ensemble weather predictions. However,
practical applications in national weather services are still in their infancy compared to deterministic post-processing.
This paper presents two different applications of ensemble post-processing using machine learning at an industrial scale. The first is a
station-based post-processing of surface temperature and subsequent interpolation to a grid in a medium-resolution ensemble system. The second is a gridded post-processing of
hourly rainfall amounts in a high-resolution ensemble prediction system. The techniques used rely on quantile regression forests (QRFs) and ensemble copula coupling (ECC), chosen for their robustness and simplicity of training regardless of the variable subject to calibration. Moreover, some variants of classical techniques used, such as
QRF and ECC, were developed in order to adjust to operational constraints. A forecast anomaly-based QRF is used for temperature for a better
prediction of cold and heat waves. A variant of ECC for hourly rainfall was built, accounting
for more realistic longer rainfall accumulations.
We show that both forecast quality and forecast value are improved compared to the raw ensemble. Finally, comments
about model size and computation time are made.
Evaluation of Arctic sea ice drift and its dependency on near-surface wind and sea ice conditions in the coupled regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM
Authors: Yu Xiaoyong , Rinke Annette , Dorn Wolfgang , Spreen Gunnar , Lüpkes Christof , Sumata Hiroshi , Gryanik Vladimir M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We examine the simulated Arctic sea ice drift speed for
the period 2003–2014 in the coupled Arctic regional climate model
HIRHAM–NAOSIM 2.0. In particular, we evaluate the dependency of the drift
speed on the near-surface wind speed and sea ice conditions. Considering the
seasonal cycle of the Arctic basin averaged drift speed, the model
reproduces the summer–autumn drift speed well but significantly
overestimates the winter–spring drift speed, compared to satellite-derived
observations. Also, the model does not capture the observed seasonal phase
lag between drift and wind speed, but the simulated drift speed is more in
phase with the near-surface wind. The model calculates a realistic negative
correlation between drift speed and ice thickness and between drift speed
and ice concentration during summer–autumn when the ice concentration is
relatively low, but the correlation is weaker than observed. A daily
grid-scale diagnostic indicates that the model reproduces the observed
positive correlation between drift and wind speed. The strongest impact of
wind changes on drift speed occurs for high and moderate wind speeds, with a
low impact for rather calm conditions. The correlation under low-wind
conditions is overestimated in the simulations compared to
observation/reanalysis data. A sensitivity experiment demonstrates the
significant effects of sea ice form drag from floe edges included by an
improved parameterization of the transfer coefficients for momentum and heat
over sea ice. However, this does not improve the agreement of the modeled
drift speed / wind speed ratio with observations based on reanalysis data for
wind and remote sensing data for sea ice drift. An improvement might be
achieved by tuning parameters that are not well established by observations.
La gramaticalización de 'macho' y 'tío/a' como ciclo semántico-pragmático
Authors: Llopis Cardona Ana , Pons Bordería Salvador
Published: May 2020

Este artículo se ocupa del concepto de ciclicidad y de su aplicación a los cambios de índole pragmática. En la primera parte, se revisa el concepto de ciclo semántico-pragmático propuesto por Hansen (2014, 2018, 2020), se propone una redefinición y se caracteriza el ciclo a partir de una serie de rasgos básicos. En la segunda parte, se ilustra la propuesta con el estudio de un caso: el reemplazo de macho por tío en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Macho se utilizaba como vocativo desde al menos la década de los cincuenta; dos décadas más tarde, tío comenzó a emplearse como vocativo en contextos similares a macho, se popularizó entre los jóvenes hasta el punto de reemplazar en gran medida a macho; con el paso de los años se ha expandido al grupo etario medio –mejor dicho, estos hablantes han continuado utilizando tío/a–, de modo que se ha consolidado la tendencia dispar en la frecuencia de uso –creciente en tío/a, decreciente en macho– de la que resulta un cambio sin retorno, que permite hablar de ciclo semántico-pragmático.
David J. Breeze, Maryport. A Roman Fort and its Community, Oxford, Archaeopress, 2018, 117 pp. [ISBN: 978-1-78491-801-9].
Authors: Perea Yébenes Sabino
Published: May 2020

Reseña del libro de David J. Breeze, Maryport. A Roman Fort and its Community, Oxford, Archaeopress, 2018, 117 pp. [ISBN: 978-1-78491-801-9].
Swimming Exercise Ameliorates Symptoms of MOG-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting Inflammation and Demyelination in Rats
Authors: Kim Ji-Youn , Yi Eun-Surk , Lee Hyunju , Kim Jun-Su , Jee Yong-Seok , Kim Sung-Eun , Kim Chang-Ju , Ko Il-Gyu
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nerve system, resulting in cumulative loss of motor function. Multiple sclerosis is induced through multiple mechanisms and is caused by inflammation and demyelination. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of swimming exercise in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, an animal model of multiple sclerosis.Methods: EAE was induced by an intradermal injection of 50-μg purified myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 33–55 (MOG33-55) dissolved in 200-μL saline at the base of the tail. The rats in the swimming exercise group were made to swim for 30 minutes once pert a day for 26 consecutive days, starting 5 days after induction of EAE. To compare the effect of swimming exercise with interferon-β, a drug for multiple sclerosis, interferon-β was injected intraperitoneally into rats of the EAE-induced and interferon-β-treated group during the exercise period.Results: Injection of MOG33-55 caused weight loss, decreased clinical disability score, and increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar spinal cord. Loss of motor function and weakness increased demyelination score. Swimming exercise suppressed demyelination and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. These changes promoted recovery of EAE symptoms such as body weight loss, motor dysfunction, and weakness. Swimming exercise caused the same level of improvement as interferon-β treatment.Conclusions: The results of this experiment suggest the possibility of swimming exercise in urological diseases that are difficult to treat. Swimming exercises can be considered for relief of symptom in incurable multiple sclerosis.