bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Biological Relevance of Fused S-Heterocycle Phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Lal Sahil , Hammouch Hind , Arora Manmeet Kaur
Published: November 2024

Phenothiazine and its derivatives have attracted a noteworthy attention within the medicinal chemistry' domain ascribed to its varied pharmacological activities and possible medically-beneficial applications. Fused S-heterocycle Phenothiazine being the most promising derivatives among all has displayed and showcased promising results in numerous biological evaluations. Phenothiazines are one of the class of compounds categorized by tricyclic structure which is comprised of central thiazine ring merged with two benzene rings. Such central thiazine rings incorporate the presence of sulphur atoms which acts as a catalyst to undergo various substitutions on the benzene rings that eventually results in versatility of the phenothiazines. The chapter focuses on the holistic understanding of the biological relevance of fused s-heterocycle phenothiazine derivatives and would highlight and elucidate the potential of phenothiazine derivative's development as therapeutic agent.
Theoretical Reflections on the Usefulness of Information Technologies in the Organization
Authors: Karoui Chedia
Published: November 2024

This research aimed to enrich the model of acceptance of new technologies with two new constructs, job uncertainty and the context of the company. In addition, this research tests a model of acceptance and use of technologies in the context of a technology little explored until now, integrated suites for the software development life cycle. The researcher eventually aims to propose specific solutions to the company in question aimed at improving the degree of use of this technology. The chosen model includes variables already tested by previous research, but also variables that have not been subject to tests on IT acceptance: job uncertainty, favorable conditions of the company - attitude of managers and seniority. Even if senior management considers that the internal workforce will adjust over time towards even more qualified jobs and that in the long term there are benefits at several levels (individual, organizational, local economy), there is still a certain pressure that employees are experiencing.
Renewable Energy and Societal Welfare
Authors: Kwakwa Paul Adjei
Published: November 2024

As a clean energy, renewable energy has the capacity to reduce carbon dioxide emission associated with economic activities such as international trade. This study assesses the moderation role of renewable energy in the trade openness and environmental degradation nexus. Data from 32 Africa countries for the 2002-2021 period is used for examination. FMOLS and DOLS methods show that economic growth has an inverted U-shape relationship with carbon dioxide emissions confirming the EKC hypothesis for African countries. Trade openness and urbanization have positive effect capacity on carbon dioxide emission while renewable energy reduces carbon emissions. More so, the moderation effect of renewable energy on trade openness-carbon emission nexus is negative. This is an indication that renewable energy can dampen the positive carbon dioxide emission effect of trade openness. Consequently, renewable energy can improve societal welfare by reducing carbon emission to promote clean environment. Policy issues include the need to incorporate renewable energy in international trading activities.
Renewable Energy Consumption and Effect of Economic Indicators for Sustainable Developing Countries
Authors: Ponnambalam Suriya , Ilampoornan M. K.
Published: November 2024

This chapter presents renewable energy consumption as well as economic development yields assorted results as the result of renewable energy consumption on economic growth can be positive, negative or not significant. The link amid renewable energy ingesting and economic growth depends on the extent of renewable energy used. The consequence of renewable energy consumption on economic growth is optimistic. Though, if developing countries use renewable energy lowers than a specified threshold level, the consequence of renewable energy ingesting on economic development is negative. Though, also find that renewable energy ingestion has no significant result on economic growth in developed countries and a positive as well as major consequence on economic development in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The outcomes of this chapter propose that for developing countries to recognize positive economic growth from their asset to renewable energy, they want to exceed a definite threshold of renewable energy ingestion.
Can Medical AI Bridge the Gender Gap for Sustainable Healthcare?
Authors: Sneha  , Mohanta Abhinash , Chatterjee Shreya , Rout Pramit Chandra
Published: November 2024

This chapter aims to investigate how medical AI can contribute positively towards the advancement of gender equality concerning the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 5. They stress the fact that AI models used in healthcare must be trustworthy, lawful, ethical, and robust. However, the large differences in data between males' and females' participation in clinical trials and medication consumption could severely limit the current AI applications. These gaps create biased, limited, and inefficient AI outputs, greatly impacting women's health. The chapter emphasizes the need to overcome this deficit by producing and utilizing data corresponding to female body characteristics, using examples from various cases. By doing so, we can enhance artificial intelligence in medicine, promoting gender equity in pharmacological treatment.
How Can Artificial Intelligence Enable Sustainable Development Goals?
Authors: Khattri Upasana , Sharma Prathma , Adarsh Anshu , Kour Gagan Deep
Published: November 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) see AI at their core, as it drives innovation across various sectors. Using the data from social, environmental, and economic domains, AI interventions can generate cross-cutting waves to drive the achievement of many of the SDGs together. This chapter focuses on the specifics of good health promotion as well as disease detection and prevention using artificial intelligence, with an emphasis on breast and cervical cancer. It also explores the role of AI in Africa in the development of proper institutions that are essential for peace, justice, and the rule of law. The chapter describes several topics, including the incorporation of AI with blockchain to improve voting systems and other essential fields.
Can AI Facilitate Progress Towards Healthy and Sustainable Societies?
Authors: Chaturvedi Astha , Tiwari Ruchi , Agrawal Sonal , Kamble Shruti
Published: November 2024

This chapter builds on previous work on AI's potential to advance the SDGs by exploring the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing three critical Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the 2030 Agenda: Thus, we can observe the targeted correlation between the project and the following Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Due to the COVID-19 and climate change crises, this chapter focuses on the SDGs above and also analyzes the capability of AI for post-2030 challenges. To expand prior scholarly work, this chapter shows how AI can and is fostering improved health and sustainability for communities worldwide, despite current difficulties.
Increased serum interleukin-31 levels correlate with pruritus in psoriatic patients: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Chuyen Thi Hong , Tran Liem Viet Quoc
Published: November 2024

Psoriasis is recognized not only as a skin disease but also as a systemic disorder. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) may be associated with psoriasis and systemic inflammation. We aimed to quantify serum IL-31 levels in patients with psoriasis and explore their associations with specific clinical manifestations. 30 patients with psoriasis and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were obtained through physical examination and medical history review. Serum IL-31 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-31 concentration was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than in the control group (p<0.001). Patients with psoriasis vulgaris, psoriasis erythroderma, and pustular psoriasis had significantly higher serum IL-31 levels than healthy controls. Additionally, serum IL-31 levels were associated with itch numerical rating scale (NRS) scores and body mass index (BMI) but not with disease severity as measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). In patients with psoriasis, increased serum IL-31 levels correlated with itch severity but not with PASI. This suggests that IL-31 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be a valuable target for further studies and therapeutic interventions.
Surficial geology, King William Island and Adelaide Peninsula, Nunavut, NTS 66-O and P, 67-A and D and parts of 57-B and C
Authors:   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: November 2024

Ce nouveau produit cartographique de la géologie des formations superficielles correspond à la conversion de la Carte 1618A et de sa légende, en se servant du Modèle de données pour les formations superficielles (MDFS version 2.3) de la Commission géologique du Canada(Dossier public 8236). Toutes les connaissances et l'information de nature géoscientifique de la Carte 1618A qui sont en conformité avec le modèle de données ont été conservées pendant le processus de conversion. Une faible quantité d'information préexistante a été ajoutée en complément aux donnéesgéoscientifiques converties. Il s'agit de stries glaciaire tirées de Craig (1961, 1964). Ces entités sont identifiées dans la géodatabase du présent produit cartographique. Le but de la conversion de cartes publiées antérieurement suivant un langage scientifique commun et une légende commune est depermettre et de faciliter la compilation, l'interprétation, la gestion et la diffusion efficaces de l'information géologique cartographique en mode numérique de façon structurée et cohérente. Cette façon de faire offre un outil efficace de gestion des connaissances élaboré à l'aide d'une géodatabasequi pourra évoluer suivant le type d'information à paraître sur les nouvelles cartes des formations superficielles.
Mortality rate in patients in a long-term psychiatric care facility in Johannesburg
Authors: Mathekga Mokgokong , Mdaka Nokhutula , Talatala Mvuyiso
Published: November 2024

Background: Limited research exists on mortality rates and contributing factors among individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) in long-term psychiatric care, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Aim: To analyse mortality rates and associated factors at Solomon Stix Morewa Memorial Hospital (SSMMH), a long-term psychiatric care facility in Johannesburg, South Africa.Setting: SSMMH, a private facility in Selby Park, Johannesburg, has been contracted by the Gauteng Department of Health since March 2017 to provide inpatient care for SMI patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on records of 406 SMI patients admitted to SSMMH from March 2017 to February 2022. Mortality rates were calculated, and associated factors were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Results: Of the 406 participants, 34 (8%) died over five years, yielding a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.28 (95% CI: 0.85–1.71). Mortality was highest in the 60–69 years age group (SMR 2.7), with most deaths occurring in 2020–2021, likely due to COVID-19. Cardiovascular conditions were the leading cause of death (53%). Age at admission (OR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.55–3.58) and transfer site (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42–0.81) were significant predictors of mortality.Conclusion: Individuals with SMI face elevated mortality rates, with age, diagnosis, and comorbidities as key factors.Contribution: This study provides insights into the comprehensive management of people with SMI to reduce mortality. Further research is needed to guide psychosocial and palliative care approaches.
Two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques: powerful tools for studying the brain under physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Luján Rafael , Turegano-Lopez Marta , Aguado Carolina , Merchan-Perez Angel
Published: November 2024

We are in the midst of a revolution in the fields of neuroanatomy and electron microscopy. The monumental advancements in the neuroscience field during the last decade have led to unprecedented scientific discoveries about our brain and to the development of new technologies and applications that have significantly contributed to such advances. Conventional applications of transmission electron microscopy have revolutionized neurosciences and are critical for determining the fine morpho-functional characterization of brain cells and their connections. Electron microscopy has progressively evolved toward the development of both more sensitive approaches to unravel the bidimensional subcellular localization of proteins and tools that allow for the three-dimensional characterization of different nerve cells and their connections. The development of new technological advances in two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy to study and map the brain has led to the development of essential tools to decipher the complexity of the brain. For two-dimensional, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling technique is a technique with the main goal of chemically identifying the structural components viewed in freeze-fracture replicas and has significant advantages over conventional immunoelectron microscopic techniques for revealing the subcellular organization of proteins along the neuronal surface in the brain. For three-dimensional, volume electron microscopy methods can be applied to structural studies of cell components and organelles, just as conventional transmission electron microscopy has been traditionally applied, but with advantages derived from the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and analysis. The development of volume electron microscopy has greatly facilitated the study of brain structure and connectivity at the synaptic level. Dedicated software tools for the analysis of highly complex connectivity patterns in three dimension are evolving in parallel, allowing the extraction of relevant information from large datasets. Moreover, by applying these new methodologies, the field of pathology is expected to advance, potentially with the identification of the pathogenesis generating these diseases. This review aims to present the possibilities and fundamentals of two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy for high-resolution ultrastructural analyses of neurons and their connections. These technological tools have improved the ability to study the brain, thus providing new insights into brain structure and function.
The application of integrating electroencephalograph-based emotion recognition technology into brain–computer interface systems for the treatment of depression: a narrative review
Authors: Zhang Min , Yang Yi , Zhao Yongmei , Sui Changbai , Sui Ying , Jiang Youzhi , Liu Kanlai , Yang Shuai , Wang Liqin , Chen Bingjie , Zhang Rui , Zhang Qun , Huang Zhisheng , Huang Manli
Published: November 2024

Dysregulation of the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, along with alterations in P300 amplitude and abnormalities in the theta and beta bands, has been closely linked to the onset and pathophysiology of depression. Consequently, integrating electroencephalograph-based emotion recognition technology into brain‒computer interface systems offers the potential for real-time identification and modulation of emotional states through continuous interaction between the brain‒computer interface system and brain activity. This closed-loop system could precisely control neural stimulation in brain regions associated with emotional disorders, potentially alleviating the distressing memories of traumatic events. Although the efficacy of the brain‒computer interface in treating depression still requires validation through extensive clinical trials, its inherent real-time feedback and adaptive capabilities present a promising avenue for depression therapy. This review aims to explore the neuroanatomical mechanisms and neural activity patterns associated with depression and evaluate the potential of brain‒computer interface technology as a treatment modality. The objectives include summarizing key brain regions and neural networks involved in depression, analyzing their activity patterns, and assessing the impact of brain‒computer interface technology on these regions to provide theoretical support for future clinical trials. Significant functional abnormalities have been identified in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus of patients with depression. The gray matter density, functional connectivity, and neural activity in these regions are closely associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Common features in patients with depression include a reduced P300 amplitude and increased θ and α current density. Brain‒computer interface technology has demonstrated potential in modulating these abnormal neural activities, particularly in emotion recognition and regulation. When combined with techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, brain‒computer interface may provide effective interventions for managing emotional states in patients with depression. This review confirms the association between depression and functional abnormalities in specific brain regions and suggests that brain‒computer interface technology offers promising therapeutic potential by modulating abnormal neural activity. Brain‒computer interface could represent a novel treatment approach for depression. Future research should focus on validating the practical applications, efficacy, and safety of brain‒computer interface in treating depression.
Evaluation of T memory cells in knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Mohamed Rehab S. , Hashim Alaa M. , Moshrif Abdelhafeez M. , Sobhy Ali
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic condition resulting in pain, fatigue, functional limitations, increased healthcare utilization, and high economic costs to society. Therefore, this study aims to assess the role of T memory cells in the pathogenesis of knee OA.

Patients and methods

This case–control study was carried out on 30 symptomatic patients with radiographic evidence of knee OA, who were attending Al-Azhar University Hospital, Assuit and 30 healthy volunteers. All the included patients were subjected to radiographic examination, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities score, Kellgren–Lawrence grade, and laboratory investigations (complete blood count–C-responsive protein–erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and assessment of T memory cells by flow cytometry.

Results

The mean CD3+CD4+CD8− T cells level, CD3+CD4+CD45Ro+ memory T cells level, CD3+CD8+CD4− T level, and CD3+CD8+CD45RO+ memory T was lower in OA cases (4.8±3.1) in comparison with controls. There was a significant moderated positive correlation between both grading scales and monocyte%, and between Kellgren–Lawrence grade and CD3+CD8+CD4− T cells (r=0.491, P=0.011) with an increase in disease severity, there was an increase in the CD3+CD8+CD4− T cells.

Conclusion

T memory cells have critical importance in the pathogenesis of knee OA. CD4+ T cells may serve a role in inducing inflammation in the early stages of OA, as well as being instrumental in causing inflammatory damage to the articular cartilage in the latter stages.
Antibacterial effect of 940 nm diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis-infected root canals
Authors: Abdollahi Amir Ardalan , Seyyedi Seyyed Amir , Lotfollahi Lida , Javan Navid Yekadast
Published: November 2024

Background:

This study compared the antibacterial effects of 940 nm diode laser and sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine irrigations on Enterococcus faecalis in human permanent single-rooted teeth.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 65 extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared using the crown-down method using rotary files. The root canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and normal saline solution. After placing the roots in microtubules, they were transferred into an autoclave. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15): laser, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and saline. Three teeth were assigned to the positive control group and two to the negative control group. The root canals were sampled, and the colony counts were determined 24 h later. Then, antibacterial agents were applied to the canals, and immediately after, the root canals were sampled, and the colony counts were determined 24 h later. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests using the SPSS software version 26. The significance level was defined at P < 0.05.

Results:

The results showed that sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, laser, and normal saline significantly reduced bacterial colony counts, confirming their antimicrobial effects (P < 0.001). Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine showed the highest antimicrobial effects, with no significant differences between the sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine groups (P = 0.512); however, there were significant differences between the other groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

According to the results, 940 nm diode laser beams significantly reduced E. faecalis counts and could be used as a new, effective, and complementary treatment in disinfecting the root canal.
Efficacy of autologous platelet concentrates for root coverage of Miller’s Class I and II gingival recession defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yaghini Jaber , Mogharehabed Ahmad , Feizi Awat , Yazdanfar Fatemeh
Published: November 2024

Background:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of autologous platelet concentrate (APCs) in comparison with coronally-advanced flap alone or in combination with connective tissue graft or other biomaterials or bioactive agents for root coverage (RC) of Miller’s Class I and II gingival recession defects by measuring the keratinized mucosa width (KMW).

Materials and Methods:

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. An electronic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used APCs for RC in their intervention group. Eligible articles were retrieved by assessment of titles and abstracts and then the full texts. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Library Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software. In the case of homogeneity, variables were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each group.

Results:

The search yielded 689 articles; out of which, 32 were eligible for study inclusion. Meta-analysis did not show any additional effect for RC and KMW with APCs. Clinical parameters were as follows: RC: WMD = −1.57 mm (95% CI: −2.49, −0.659; P = 0.001) and KMW: −0.106 mm (95% CI: −0.3222, 0.110; P = 0.337).

Conclusion:

The application of APCs for RC of Miller’s Class I and II gingival recession defects does not seem to improve the clinical parameters.
Evaluating the efficacy of combining fractional CO2 laser and topical tranexamic acid for burn scar and hyperpigmentation treatment: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, split-body study
Authors: Huang Ching-Ya , Lin Cen-Hung , Tsai Yueh-Ju , Lin Ko-Chien , Kuo Spencer Chia-Hao , Wong Lai-San , Lin Hui-Ping , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: November 2024

Background:

A fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser can improve the appearance of burn scars. In addition, tranexamic acid (TXA) inhibits melanin production for whitening effects. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) technology utilizes lasers to enhance the percutaneous absorption of drugs.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of a fractional CO2 laser in combination with TXA can further improve pigmentation in burn scars.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, split-body study included patients aged 20 years and older who had burn scars with associated hyperpigmentation for more than 6 months. A total of 12 patients were included between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020. For each patient, their pigmented burn scar was divided into two sides along the midline. One scar side received fractional CO2 laser alone, and the other combined fractional CO2 laser and topically applied TXA solution. Treatment sessions were conducted monthly for a total of three times. Photographs were captured at baseline and 3 months after completing the 3 monthly treatment sessions. Four plastic surgeons, blinded to the treatment sides, compared the improvement on both sides of each patient based on the photographs. The patients’ reported satisfaction levels were also recorded.

Results:

In the physician assessments, both methods showed a noticeable improvement in scar appearance and pigmentation. On a scale of 1 to 10, physicians rated the overall improvement in scar appearance between 4.6 and 5.6 points, while the improvement in overall hyperpigmentation ranged from 6.0 to 6.9 points. The average patient satisfaction score was 8.4 ± 1.6 points. However, there was no significant difference in the improvement of outcomes between the two methods, with or without the addition of TXA treatment.

Conclusion:

This study shows that fractional CO2 laser treatment significantly improves burn scars and hyperpigmentation. However, adding TXA shows no clear additional benefits. Before making the final conclusion based on the results from the small patient sample size, further research is encouraged to clarify the delivery pathways in applying TXA and explore the mechanisms behind LADD.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of an Edentulous Patient with a History of Guillain–Barre Syndrome: A Case Report with a Follow-up of 15 Years
Authors: Raj Indu , Syed Femitha , Vikhnesh S. , Harinee A.
Published: November 2024

Acrylic resins are used extensively in dentistry for various purposes. There have been many concerns regarding the safe clinical application of these materials, as they can cause allergic reactions and harmful effects in the patient’s oral cavity. The cytotoxic effects are mainly caused by unreacted residual monomer leaching out from the resin. This article is a case report of an edentulous patient with a known history of Guillain–Barre syndrome. She reported allergic reactions and difficulty in breathing after 1 month of insertion of conventional heat cure acrylic resin. Patch test showed a positive reaction to heat cure acrylics. In this article, we have discussed the hurdles of acrylic resin allergy and an alternative method of overcoming it without a financial burden to the patient.
Comparison of Dental Arch Measurements on Conventional and Digital Study Model: A Validity, Reliability, and Reproducibility Study in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Disha , Gurung Deepak
Published: November 2024

Aim:

The objective of this study was to assess the validity, reliability, and reproducibility of dental arch measurements between conventional study models and digital study models.

Materials and Methods:

The study sample comprised 50 pretreatment diagnostic conventional study models. Six dental arch measurements were assessed. The conventional study model’s measurements were done with digital vernier caliper (Precision, IP54). For three-dimensional (3D) model measurements, scanning of the conventional study models was done with the Maestro 3D dental scanner (Italy).

Results:

Measurement on conventional study models shows the mean value of the upper arch length was 72.33 and the mean value of the lower arch length was 64.68 for the conventional study model and the mean value of the upper arch length was 72.41 and the mean value of lower arch length was 63.11 for 3D model. There was a statistical difference between the measurements of overjet and overbite obtained between the study model and the 3D model. There was no statistical difference in intermolar width, intercanine width, and arch length of both the arches and curve of spee between conventional study models and 3D models. The Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency) ranged from 0.81 to 1, intraclass correlation ranged from 0.70 to 0.99, and the concordance correlation coefficient ranged from 0.81–1, respectively, for various arch parameters.

Conclusion:

Digital study models were accurate, efficient, and easy-to-use alternatives to conventional study models. Hence, dental arch measurements of digital study models were as valid, reliable, and reproducible compared to conventional study models for all arch parameters except nonvalidity was observed for overjet and overbite measurement in the study.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Masseter Muscle in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Jaganathan Ranjit Kumar , Maheswari Subramani Uma , Appukuttan Devapriya , Victor Dhayanand John , Prakash P. S. G. , Crena Jasmine
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with gutkha chewing habit, and India has the greatest number of people affected, worldwide. Constant chewing leads to untoward forces on the masticatory muscles, especially the masseter muscle (MM). Hence, with an interdisciplinary approach, diagnosis and cessation of the habit and treatment will improve the well-being of the patient.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the changes in the structure and function of the MM in patients with OSF using B-mode and M-mode ultrasonography.

Methodology:

The study sample was drawn from male patients attending the outpatient department of oral medicine and radiology. Subjects were divided into three groups of 20 subjects each as follows: Group I – 20 consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of OSF which constituted the case group; Group II – 20 consecutive patients with a history of areca nut use but no clinical evidence of OSF; and Group III –20 consecutive patients with a negative history of areca nut use and with no clinical evidence of OSF, who reported to the department for some other dental problems.

Results:

Based on the results of our study, we hypothesize that the reduction of amplitude of contraction and fractional shortening of MM as determined by ultrasonography could be one of the first and significant indicators of declining muscle function in OSF patients.

Conclusion:

The reduction of amplitude of contraction and fractional shortening of masseter muscle as determined by ultrasonography could be one of the first and significant indicators of declining muscle function in OSF patients.
Papillary Cystadenoma Presenting as an Exophytic Lesion on the Tongue
Authors: Kalsi Harjit Singh , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh , Kharkar Viraj Rajeev , Gandhi Nishant
Published: November 2024

Raised lesions on the tongue can drastically affect a patient’s ability to eat and speak, and their overall quality of life, thus, warranting prompt diagnosis and management. The present report describes the case of an exophytic lesion on the tongue of a 6-year-old boy that was excised using a diode laser. The lesion was diagnosed with papillary cystadenoma (PCA) following meticulous clinical and histopathological analysis in conjunction with immunohistochemistry. PCA is a rare minor salivary gland neoplasm. While the majority of intraoral cases occur in the parotid gland followed by lips and buccal mucosa, the tongue is rarely involved. Because of a significant overlap between the clinical and histopathological features of PCA with a multitude of other lesions, it is a diagnostic challenge, particularly when it occurs on unusual sites as observed in the present case. PCA This case report adds to the scant number of reported cases of PCA occurring on an unusual site such as the anterior two-thirds of the dorsal surface of the tongue. It would serve to guide clinicians and pathologists in planning the diagnostic approach for such uncommon lesions.
Enhancing Localized, Occlusal Space by Relative Axial Tooth Movement in Patient with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta—A Case Report
Authors: Alqhtani Mohammad Abdullah Zayed
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a hereditary disorder that affects dentin formation, leading to discolored, fragile teeth with increased susceptibility to wear and fracture. A 41-year-old woman presented with a family history of DI and significant tooth wear primarily affecting her maxillary anterior teeth due to parafunctional habits. She reported dissatisfaction with her smile, indicating that her front teeth were short and did not show when smiling. Examination revealed blue-gray teeth with craze lines characteristic of DI, receded pulp chambers, and evidence of significant tooth surface loss due to attrition. The patient had no significant medical history or allergies, with a regular history of dental attendance. The management plan involved restorative treatment using a staged approach. Initially, non-surgical debridement, management of caries, and the placement of provisional restorations using a fixed Dahl appliance were performed to create occlusal space. This was followed by definitive ceramic restorations to restore esthetics and function. The treatment successfully improved the patient’s smile and functional outcomes. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive, phased treatment approach for managing DI, emphasizing the need for occlusal space creation, caries management, and esthetic restoration to improve patient satisfaction and dental health outcomes.
The Neonatal Screening for Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia, and G6PD Deficiency in Central India
Authors: Jha Rakesh K. , Kaple Meghali , Ambad Ranjit S. , Dhok Archana , Anjankar Ashsish
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sickle cell disease (SCD), thalassemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are significant genetic disorders prevalent in Central India, particularly among tribal populations. Early detection through the neonatal screening can improve health outcomes.

Aim and Objective:

This study aims to assess the prevalence of SCD, thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency in a cohort of newborns from tribal regions in Central India and to evaluate the effectiveness of neonatal screening programs.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 382 newborns were screened using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for hemoglobinopathies and a colorimetric method for G6PD deficiency. Data on demographics and family history were collected and analyzed.

Results:

The screening revealed 22 cases of SCD (5.8%), 37 cases of thalassemia (9.7%), and 29 cases of G6PD deficiency (7.6%). A significant correlation was found between family history and the prevalence of these disorders.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the need for comprehensive neonatal screening programs in tribal populations to enhance early detection and management of genetic disorders.
Olanzapine-induced Pancytopenia: Case Report
Authors: Prajnashree A , Someshwar S. K , Sayed Arfa A , Abhirami K P , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar B.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

In the field of antipsychotic medicines, clozapine and olanzapine are both structurally and functionally similar. This case study describes a 35-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia who experienced a rare case of olanzapine-induced pancytopenia. The patient required blood transfusions due to severe pancytopenia while receiving olanzapine treatment. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to acknowledge pancytopenia caused by olanzapine as a rare but significant medication-induced risk. It is recommended that clinicians exercise caution, perform routine hematologic assessments, and participate in ongoing investigations into this rare adverse event. However, sporadic reports of olanzapine-induced pancytopenia in schizophrenia patients have surfaced. This hematologic effect’s precise mechanism is still unknown.
Relevance of Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Das Sonu , Varghese Jinsu , Adiody Supriya , John Mathew
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive and nonreversible lung disease caused by long-term exposure to harmful particles and gases, especially cigarette smoke. Emerging evidence suggests that trace minerals, including iron, copper, zinc, and the heavy metal cadmium, may also contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of this complex disease. The study was done in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala and assessed the role of trace elements and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of COPD.

Materials and Methods:

The study comprised two groups, consisting of 30 healthy controls and 30 COPD samples. Plasma samples collected from the participants were used for the analysis of oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and glutathione concentration. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated from the total oxidant status (TOS)/total antioxidant status (TAS) ratio. Plasma levels of iron, copper, zinc, and cadmium were analyzed and correlated with OSI to determine the interplay of environmental exposure to toxicants and their role in inducing oxidative stress.

Results:

The results showed an increase in plasma iron and copper levels in COPD with respect to healthy control, whereas cadmium showed an increasing trend. The OSI values obtained from the TOS/TAS ratio were higher in COPD with respect to control and showed a positive correlation to plasma levels of copper and cadmium. Pro-oxidant TBARS concentration was higher with a concurrent decrease in antioxidant enzymes SOD and catalase activity in COPD with respect to healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The study, carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, shed light on the role of plasma trace element/heavy metal imbalance in inducing oxidative stress in COPD. A significant increase in plasma iron levels may activate Fenton chemistry, thereby inducing oxidative stress, playing a major role in COPD pathophysiology. Copper and cadmium levels also positively correlated with OSI in COPD, indicating that trace elements in higher levels can lead to disease progression in COPD pathophysiology.
The Effect of Oromotor and Sensory Treatment on Persistent Thumb Sucking and Basic Feeding and Swallowing in a Toddler with Angelman Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Tejani Neelam , Saini Seema , Palekar Tushar
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

A toddler with Angelman syndrome was the subject of the study to find out the effect of oromotor and sensory therapy on fundamental eating and swallowing as well as prolonged thumb sucking. Pre- and post-test assessments were used as part of the procedure using the Ability for Basic Feeding and Swallowing Scale for Children. We timed using a stopwatch how long the toddler sucked her thumb and how long she cried after taking her thumb out. The oromotor rehabilitation consisted of two phases: preparation of the oral cavity and oral treatment. With a difference of 7 h, the findings indicated a considerable decrease in the amount of time spent persistently sucking one’s thumb. After the thumb was removed, the cry response was also gone. The Ability for Basic Feeding and Swallowing scale value showed a significant difference in the study, demonstrating improvement in fundamental feeding and swallowing abilities. Based on these results, it can be said that oromotor and sensory therapy helped the toddler with Angelman syndrome with fundamental eating and swallowing as well as persistent thumb sucking. Contribution of Research: The study contributes to our understanding of the effects of oromotor and sensory therapy on a toddler with Angelman syndrome. It demonstrates that this therapy can lead to improvements in fundamental eating and swallowing abilities, as well as a decrease in persistent thumb sucking. This research aids in our understanding of the function of oromotor impairment and treatment of genetic diseases like Angelman syndrome.
Ocular Findings to Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Retrograde Approach
Authors: Das Sujit , Mehrotra Neelima , Kaira Pankaj , Singh Sakshi , Mishra Ram M.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

It has been observed that lung cancer either non-small cell or small cell is responsible for eye metastases. This form of metastases in several cases was the first manifestation of the disease, and further investigation led to the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy. The clinical symptoms resulting from choroidal metastasis from lung cancer are easily detected although they are rarely identified before the diagnosis of the primary malignancy. The quality of life of patients is inevitably impaired. Some lung cancer patients complain of ocular symptoms as the first manifestation of lung cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly overcome or delay the visual impairment and improve the prognosis. The eye is a rare site for lung cancer metastasis. Indeed, ocular metastasis is one of the greatest challenges to the quality of life of a cancer patient. Here, we present a case of a young patient with ocular complaints and later on diagnosed with a primary lung adenocarcinoma and ocular metastasis.
An Assessment of Level of Reflective Thinking among Phase I and Phase II Medical Students—A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Umesh B Veena , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh , Nalini YC
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

As part of a competency-based curriculum, reflective writing (RW) is advocated right from the first MBBS, where students are expected to write reflections on the foundation course, early clinical exposure (ECE), self-directed learning (SDL), and AETCOM module in their log books. RW aimed to develop reflective thinking/reflective capacity among medical graduates to assist students in internalizing their learning in both cognitive and affective domains. The main objective of the study was to assess and compare the level of reflective thinking among first and second CBME batches of medical students using a self-administered structured questionnaire.

Methodology:

A self-administered questionnaire was shared with the students through Google Forms. A questionnaire was administered after the students were exposed to writing their reflections in the log books for each of their experiences in the foundation course, early clinical exposure, etc.

Results:

There were a total of 210 participants in the study, of which 151 of them belonged to Phase I, and 59 belonged to Phase II of MBBS. A mean score was then calculated for first- and second-year students for each of the four scales (understanding, habitual action, reflection, and critical reflection). The mean scores for habitual action and critical reflection are higher than those for understanding and reflection among Phase II medical students when compared to Phase I.

Conclusions:

This study provided insights from the students on their knowledge, attitude, and practice of reflective thinking among medical Phase I and Phase II medical students.
Expansile Lytic Lesion of the Proximal Phalanx of the Hand: A Diagnostic Enigma – A Case Report on Management with a Novel Technique
Authors: Manjunath N. , Reddy Danduru Vasudeva , Leo Latheesh
Published: November 2024

Expansile lesions in the hand mostly involve phalanges and metacarpals. Among them, majority comprising enchondroma and less incidence of aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor.The incidence of GCTs of hand bones is reported to be 2%. The authors report a case of an expansile lytic lesion involving the proximal phalanx of the right middle finger in a 22-year-old male. The lesion was excised en bloc, with reconstruction via a nonvascularized proximal phalanx graft of the 2nd toe and A2 pulley reconstruction via palmaris longus tendon. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination as GCT. The patient was followed for 10 months after surgery without any evidence of recurrence.
Challenges of implementing the hour-1 sepsis bundle: a qualitative study from a secondary hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Sasmito Priyo , Pranata Satriya , Pamungkas Rian Adi , Emaliyawati Etika , Arifani Nisa
Published: November 2024

Background: Good sepsis management is key to successful sepsis therapy and optimal patient outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine obstacles among nurses and doctors to implementing the hour-1 sepsis bundle in a secondary hospital in Indonesia.Methods: This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Data were obtained from one-on-one in-depth interviews with 13 doctors and nurses in the intensive care unit and emergency department who were purposively sampled. Data were analyzed using content analysis.Results: Five main themes were revealed in the analysis: incomplete implementation of the hour-1 sepsis bundle, lack of knowledge about the hour-1 sepsis bundle, cost issues, lack of supporting facilities, and lack of coordination among health workers.Conclusions: Optimizing regional health laboratories, optimizing the use of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and SOFA, and creating a series of sepsis protocols within the hospital are some solutions that secondary hospitals can implement to ensure appropriate management of sepsis cases. Involvement of health policyholders and hospital management is needed to address these challenges.
TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA LÃNH ĐẠO CHUYỂN ĐỔI ĐẾN HÀNH VI ĐỔI MỚI SÁNG TẠO CỦA NHÂN VIÊN: VAI TRÒ TRUNG GIAN CỦA BẦU KHÔNG KHÍ ĐỔI MỚI VÀ VAI TRÒ ĐIỀU TIẾT CỦA TRAO QUYỀN TÂM LÝ
Authors: ĐẶNG HỮU PHÚC  , NHÂM THÀNH CHUNG
Published: November 2024

Mặc dù nhiều tiền tố của hành vi đổi mới của nhân viên đã được khám phá nhưng rất ít nghiên cứu đánh giá hành vi đổi mới của nhân viên dưới góc độ toàn diện bao trùm các cấp trong tổ chức. Đặc biệt, các nghiên cứu về hành vi đổi mới của nhân viên trong các tổ chức do Nhà nước quản lý là rất ít. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này nhằm kiểm tra tác động của lãnh đạo chuyển đổi lên hành vi đổi mới thông qua biến trung gian là bầu không khí đổi mới trong các doanh nghiệp nhà nước. Song song với đó, nghiên cứu cũng kiểm tra vai trò điều tiết của trao quyền tâm lý trong mối quan hệ từ bầu không khí đổi mới đến hành vi đổi mới. Tổng cộng 255 bảng câu hỏi hoàn chỉnh được sử dụng cho phân tích định lượng. Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy lãnh đạo chuyển đổi tạo ra ảnh hưởng tích cực trực tiếp tới cảm nhận của nhân viên về bầu không khí đổi mới. Bên cạnh đó, trao quyền tâm lý, bu không khí đổi mới cũng ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến hành vi đổi mới. Xét về tác động điều tiết, trao quyền tâm lý điều tiết mối quan hệ từ bầu không khí đổi mới đến hành vi đổi mới. Cuối cùng, dựa trên kết quả nghiên cứu, tác giả đã đưa ra một số hàm ý chính sách với mong muốn giúp doanh nghiệp có thể gia tăng hành vi đổi mới của người lao động trong tổ chức của mình.