bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In it together?: Exploring solidarity with frontline workers in the United Kingdom and Ireland during COVID‐19
Authors: Kinsella Elaine L. , Muldoon Orla T. , Lemon Sarah , Stonebridge Natasha , Hughes Samantha , Sumner Rachel C.
Published: September 2022

The phrase ‘in it together’ has been used liberally since the outbreak of COVID‐19, but the extent that frontline workers felt ‘in it together’ is not well understood. Here, we consider the factors that built (or eroded) solidarity while working through the pandemic, and how frontline workers navigated their lives through periods of disconnection. Semi‐structured interviews with 21 frontline workers, across all sectors, were conducted in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The qualitative data were analysed systematically using reflexive thematic analysis. The three themes identified in the data were: (1) Solidarity as central to frontline experiences; (2) Leadership as absent, shallow and divisive: highlighting ‘us‐them’ distinctions and (3) The rise of ‘us’ and ‘we’ among colleagues. Our research offers insights into how frontline workers make sense of their experiences of solidarity and discordance during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with relevance for government and organizational policy‐makers shaping future conditions for frontline workers.
Provenance of Oligocene lithic and quartz arenites of the East Carpathians: Understanding sediment routing systems on compressional basin margins
Authors: Roban Relu D. , Ducea Mihai N. , Mihalcea Vlad I. , Munteanu Ioan , Barbu Victor , Melinte‐Dobrinescu Mihaela C. , Olariu Cornel , Vlăsceanu Mihai
Published: September 2022

We present new sedimentological, petrographical, palaeontological and detrital zircon U–Pb data on late Oligocene–early Miocene sedimentary rocks of the thin‐skinned thrust belt of East Carpathians. These data were acquired to reconstruct the sedimentary routing system for two compositionally different turbidite fans made of the regionally extensive Kliwa and Fusaru formations. On the eastern margin of the Moldavides foreland basin, large low‐gradient river systems draining the East European Platform provided well‐sorted quartz‐rich sand forming deltas on wide shallow shelves and thick Kliwa submarine fans. Due to the westward subduction of a thinned continental plate, the western basin margin was characterized by short, steep‐gradient routing systems where sediment transport to deep water was mainly through hyperpycnal flows. The Getic and Bucovinian nappes of the East Carpathians and the exhumed Cretaceous–Early Palaeogene orogenic wedge fed Fusaru fans with poorly sorted lithic sand. The Fusaru fans trend northwards in the foredeep basin having an elongate depocentre, interfingering and then overlapping on the distal part of the Kliwa depositional system due to the eastward advance of the Carpathian fold‐and‐thrust belt. A smaller sediment input is supplied by southern continental areas (i.e. Moesian Platform, North Dobrogea and potentially the Balkans). In general, the sandstone interfingering between distinct basin floor fan systems is less well documented because the facies would be similar and there are not many systems that have a distinct sediment provenance like Kliwa and Fusaru systems. This case study improves the understanding of regional palaeogeography and sedimentary routing systems and provides observations relevant here or elsewhere on the interfingering turbidite fan systems.
Revision of endoscopic sinus surgery in adults: A population‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Kang Kun‐Tai , Lee Chia‐Hsuan , Hsu Wei‐Chung , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Yeh Te‐Huei
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the revision rate, time to revision, and factors associated with revision of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in Taiwan.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Population‐based analysis.

Participant

We identified all in‐hospital patients, aged >20 years, who underwent ESS between 2000 and 2008 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and followed up with them until 2018.

Main outcome measures

Factors associated with revision surgery were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Overall, 66 592 patients were identified (mean age, 46.3 years; 62% males). The revision rate was 14.5% (9644/66 592) and time to revision surgery was 5.9 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model showed that young age, male gender (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.23), having nasal polyposis (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12–1.22), having allergic rhinitis (HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.13), having asthma (HR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14–1.39), and surgical time of >4 h (HR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06–1.16) were associated with increased risk of revision surgery. Concurrent septal surgery (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.87), turbinate surgery (HR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.97), or septal and turbinate surgery (HR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.64–0.73) were associated with decreased risks of revision surgery.

Conclusion

In Taiwan, risk factors for revision ESS are young age, male gender, having nasal polyposis, having allergic rhinitis, having asthma, and long surgical times. Concurrent septal or turbinate surgery decreases the risk of revision.
Quality of life and patient reported symptoms after colorectal cancer in a Swedish population
Authors: Sjövall Annika , Lagergren Pernilla , Johar Asif , Buchli Christian
Published: September 2022

Aim

A proportion of patients treated for colorectal cancer have impaired quality of life (QoL) but it is uncertain if the level of QoL differs from the corresponding background population. This population‐based cohort study aimed to evaluate health‐related QoL in colorectal cancer patients and compare their QoL with that of a Swedish reference population.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer Stages I–III in the Stockholm–Gotland region in 2013–2015 received the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐C30 and the QLQ‐CR29 questionnaires and the low anterior resection syndrome score, 1 year after surgery. Patient and tumour data were collected from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. The patient cohort was matched to a Swedish reference population regarding EORTC QLQ‐C30. Global QoL was compared to the reference population and a patient group with impaired QoL was defined. Detailed patient‐reported outcomes were analysed in relation to global QoL in the patient cohort.

Results

A total of 925 patients returned the questionnaires and 358 patients (38.70%) reported a clinically relevant impaired global QoL compared to the reference population. Patients with impaired QoL reported clinically relevant and statistically significantly more complaints regarding bowel habits, pain and anxiety. After adjustment for sex, age and stoma, anxiety was the strongest predictor for impaired QoL, with OR 6.797 (95% CI 4.677–9.879).

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of patients treated for colorectal cancer have impaired global QoL. This impairment is strongly associated with several physical symptoms and anxiety.
Chronic pain after colon cancer surgery: Translation and validation of a scoring system
Authors: Alharbi Reem A. , Elfeki Hossam , Emmertsen Katrine J. , Mortensen Alexander R , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Christensen Peter , Laurberg Søren , Juul Therese
Published: September 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the chronic pain score (CP score) in a cohort of colon cancer patients. Chronic pain following colon cancer surgery is still poorly understood, in particular the lack of a validated tool for measuring chronic pain is a major issue as such an instrument is critical for evaluating the incidence and risk factors. The CP score was created using data from Danish rectal cancer patients.

Methods

Danish colorectal cancer survivors diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 completed the CP score and two quality of life (QoL) measures. Clinical data were obtained from a national database. Convergent validity was investigated by testing the association of the CP score with a single ad hoc QoL item and the EORTC QLQ‐C30, and discriminative validity was tested as the score's ability to differentiate between gender and age groups. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by determining the ability of the score to identify patients with a major impact of pain on QoL.

Results

Responses from 7127 colon cancer were included. Convergent validity was confirmed, as the score was associated with both QoL measures (p < 0.001). Moreover, the score could differentiate between males/females and older/younger patients (p < 0.001, respectively), reflecting high discriminative validity. Finally, the score was able to identify patients with a major impact on QoL, with a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 82%.

Conclusion

The CP score is a valid tool for measuring chronic pain after colon cancer surgery and should be used to homogenize outcomes in future studies.
Manufacturing‐dependent change in biological activity of the TLR4 agonist GSK1795091 and implications for lipid A analog development
Authors: Steeghs Neeltje , Hansen Aaron R. , Hanna Glenn J. , Garralda Elena , Park Haeseong , Strauss James , Adam Michael , Campbell Gossett , Carver Jennifer , Easton Rachael , Mays Katherine , Skrdla Peter , Struemper Herbert , Washburn Michael L. , Matheny Christopher , Piha‐Paul Sarina A.
Published: September 2022

A phase I trial (NCT03447314; 204686) evaluated the safety and efficacy of GSK1795091, a Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, in combination with immunotherapy (GSK3174998 [anti‐OX40 monoclonal antibody], GSK3359609 [anti‐ICOS monoclonal antibody], or pembrolizumab) in patients with solid tumors. The primary endpoint was safety; other endpoints included efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (PD). Manufacturing of GSK1795091 formulation was modified during the trial to streamline production and administration, resulting in reduced PD (cytokine) activity. Fifty‐four patients received GSK1795091 with a combination partner; 32 received only the modified GSK1795091 formulation, 15 received only the original formulation, and seven switched mid‐study from the original to the modified formulation. Despite the modified formulation demonstrating higher systemic GSK1795091 exposure compared with the original formulation, the transient, dose‐dependent elevations in cytokine and chemokine concentrations were no longer observed (e.g., IP‐10, IL10, IL1‐RA). Most patients (51/54; 94%) experienced ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) during the study. Safety profiles were similar between formulations, but a higher incidence of TEAEs associated with immune responses (chills, fatigue, pyrexia, nausea, and vomiting) were observed with the original formulation. No conclusions can be made regarding GSK1795091 anti‐tumor activity due to the limited data collected. Manufacturing changes were hypothesized to have caused the change in biological activity in this study. Structural characterization revealed GSK1795091 aggregate size in the modified formulation to be twice that in the original formulation, suggesting a negative correlation between GSK1795091 aggregate size and PD activity. This may have important clinical implications for future development of structurally similar compounds.
Empagliflozin reduces cardiorenal events, healthcare resource use and mortality in Sweden compared to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors: Real world evidence from the NordicEMPRISEstudy
Authors: Nyström Thomas , Toresson Grip Emilie , Gunnarsson Joel , Casajust Paula , Karlsdotter Kristina , Skogsberg Josefin , Ustyugova Anastasia ,   EMPRISE Study Group
Published: September 2022

Aims

To evaluate effectiveness and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of empagliflozin versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i) in Swedish clinical practice, as part of the EMPRISE EU study (EUPAS27606, NCT03817463).

Materials and Methods

A non‐interventional, cohort study using retrospectively collected data from Swedish national registries. Adults with type 2 diabetes newly initiated on empagliflozin or DPP‐4i from May 2014 to December 2018 were matched 1:1 using propensity scores based on >180 covariates. Cardiovascular outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), all‐cause mortality (ACM), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and cardiovascular mortality (CVM), as well as their composite outcomes. Renal outcomes included end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2and progression to micro/macroalbuminuria. HCRU outcomes were also assessed. Comparisons were done using Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models.

Results

Overall, 15,785 matched‐pairs were identified, with a mean follow‐up of 6.4 and 9.7 months for patients initiating empagliflozin versus DPP‐4i, respectively. Empagliflozin was associated with significant reduction in rates of HHF (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.49‐0.91), ACM (HR = 0.53; 0.41‐0.68), HHF + ACM (HR = 0.59; 0.48‐0.73), MI + stroke + ACM (HR = 0.68; 0.57‐0.81), CVM (HR = 0.46; 0.29‐0.73), HHF + CVM (HR = 0.61; 0.47‐0.79) and MI + stroke + CVM (HR = 0.79; 0.63‐0.98) versus DPP‐4i. Empagliflozin also reduced the rates of ESRD (HR = 0.13; 0.03‐0.57) and eGFR decline (HR = 0.83; 0.70‐0.99). Regarding HCRU, empagliflozin was associated with lower risk of first inpatient stay (HR = 0.87; 0.81‐0.93), and lower rate of inpatient and outpatient visits (rate ratio [RR] = 0.85; 0.80‐0.89 and RR = 0.96; 0.94‐0.98) than DPP‐4i.

Conclusions

Empagliflozin treatment compared to DPP‐4i reduced cardiorenal events and overall mortality, which may explain lower HCRU among empagliflozin users in Sweden.
Comparison of pan‐immune‐inflammation value with other inflammation markers of long‐term survival afterST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Murat Bektas , Murat Selda , Ozgeyik Mehmet , Bilgin Muzaffer
Published: September 2022

Background

Atherosclerosis is a process that causes coronary artery disease and is associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of Pan‐Immune‐Inflammation Value (PIV) with in‐hospital and long‐term mortality in STEMI patients.

Methods

A total of 658 patients who were admitted to the emergency department of two tertiary centers with the diagnosis of STEMI and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. PIV and other inflammation parameters were compared for the study population. The primary outcome was one‐year all‐cause of mortality.

Results

The mean age was 58.7 ± 17.1 years and 507 (76.9%) were male. The mean duration of the follow‐up was 18.8 ± 8.5 months (median 18.9 months). PIV was superior to the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune‐inflammation index for the prediction of primary and secondary outcomes in STEMI.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that PIV is a better predictor of mortality in STEMI patients. Prospective studies are needed to validate this biomarker.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) otoliths indicate effects of climate and lake morphology on growth patterns in Arctic lakes
Authors: Torvinen Eric S. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Arp Christopher D. , Jones Benjamin M. , Whitman Matthew S. , Zimmerman Christian E.
Published: September 2022

Climate change is occurring rapidly in the Arctic, and an improved understanding of the response of aquatic biota and ecosystems will be important for this data‐limited region. Here, we applied biochronology techniques and mixed‐effects modelling to assess relationships among growth increments found on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) otoliths (N = 49) captured from 13 lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska, observed and modelled climate patterns, and individual‐level fish and lake characteristics. We found that annual growth varied by year, fish growth slowed significantly as individuals aged, and females grew faster than males. Lake trout had higher growth in flow‐through lakes relative to lakes that were perennially or seasonally connected. Annual growth was positively correlated with observed air temperature measurements from a local weather station for the period 1998–2014, but no clear warming trend was evident for this period. Modelled August air temperatures from 1978–2014 predicted lake trout annual growth (root mean squared error = 0.045 mm) and indicated increasing temperatures and annual lake trout growth over the period 1950–2014. This study demonstrated that biochronology techniques can reconstruct recent climate patterns and provide a better understanding of trends in Arctic lake ecosystems under a changing climate.
Emergence of the physiological effects of elevated CO2 on land–atmosphere exchange of carbon and water
Authors: Zhan Chunhui , Orth René , Migliavacca Mirco , Zaehle Sönke , Reichstein Markus , Engel Jan , Rammig Anja , Winkler Alexander J.
Published: September 2022

Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) influences the carbon assimilation rate and stomatal conductance of plants, thereby affecting the global cycles of carbon and water. Yet, the detection of these physiological effects of eCO2 in observational data remains challenging, because natural variations and confounding factors (e.g., warming) can overshadow the eCO2 effects in observational data of real‐world ecosystems. In this study, we aim at developing a method to detect the emergence of the physiological CO2 effects on various variables related to carbon and water fluxes. We mimic the observational setting in ecosystems using a comprehensive process‐based land surface model QUINCY to simulate the leaf‐level effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and their century‐long propagation through the terrestrial carbon and water cycles across different climate regimes and biomes. We then develop a statistical method based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio to detect the emergence of the eCO2 effects. The eCO2 effect on gross primary productivity (GPP) emerges at relatively low CO2 increase (∆[CO2] ~ 20 ppm) where the leaf area index is relatively high. Compared to GPP, the eCO2 effect causing reduced transpiration water flux (normalized to leaf area) emerges only at relatively high CO2 increase (∆[CO2] >> 40 ppm), due to the high sensitivity to climate variability and thus lower signal‐to‐noise ratio. In general, the response to eCO2 is detectable earlier for variables related to the carbon cycle than the water cycle, when plant productivity is not limited by climatic constraints, and stronger in forest‐dominated rather than in grass‐dominated ecosystems. Our results provide a step toward when and where we expect to detect physiological CO2 effects in in‐situ flux measurements, how to detect them and encourage future efforts to improve the understanding and quantification of these effects in observations of terrestrial carbon and water dynamics.
Twice versus thrice weekly hemodialysis: A systematic review
Authors: Moorman Danielle , Pilkey Nathan G. , Goss Chloe J. , Holden Rachel M. , Welihinda Hasitha , Kennedy Claire , Halliday Sandra M. , White Christine A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Thrice weekly hemodialysis (HD) is currently the norm in high income countries but there is mounting interest in twice weekly HD in certain settings. We performed this systematic review to summarize the available evidence comparing twice to thrice weekly HD.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify cohort and randomized controlled trials evaluating outcomes of twice versus thrice weekly HD. The bibliographies of identified studies were hand searched to find any additional studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies.

Findings

No randomized controlled trials and 21 cohort studies were identified. Overall study quality was modest with high risk of selection bias and inadequate controlling for confounders. The most commonly evaluated outcome measures were survival and residual kidney function. No studies assessed quality of life. Study results were variable and there was no clear signal for overwhelming risk or benefit of twice versus thrice weekly HD with the exception of residual kidney function which consistently showed slower decline in the twice weekly group.

Discussion

There is a paucity of high quality data comparing the risks and benefits of twice vs thrice weekly HD. Randomized controlled trial evidence is required to inform clinicians and HD prescription guidelines.
Solidification pressures and ages recorded in mafic microgranular enclaves and their host granite: An example of the world's youngest Kurobegawa granite
Authors: Suzuki Kota , Kawakami Tetsuo , Sueoka Shigeru , Yamazaki Ayu , Kagami Saya , Yokoyama Tatsunori , Tagami Takahiro
Published: September 2022

Solidification pressures and ages of mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and their host granite were determined and compared based on Al‐in‐hornblende geobarometry and U–Pb zircon dating in two sample localities in the Kurobegawa Granite. In sample KRG19‐A03 from the middle unit of the pluton, the MME and the host granite yielded 0.18 ± 0.03 to 0.24 ± 0.04 GPa and 0.16 ± 0.03 to 0.23 ± 0.04 GPa, respectively. The MME and the host granite of sample KRG19‐B08b from the lower unit, respectively, yielded 0.12 ± 0.02 to 0.21 ± 0.03 GPa and 0.13 ± 0.02 to 0.18 ± 0.03 GPa. In each sample locality, the estimated solidification pressures of the MME and its host granite overlap. The weighted mean ages were calculated as 0.775 ± 0.045 Ma and 0.831 ± 0.055 Ma for the MME and the host granite of KRG19‐A03, respectively. The MME and the host granite of KRG19‐B08b, respectively, yielded 0.672 ± 0.033 Ma and 0.735 ± 0.042 Ma. The ages for MMEs tend to be younger than the host granites, although they overlap within uncertainty. Zircon commonly occurs as the matrix minerals in both lithologies, meanwhile, zircon also occurs as early phases in plagioclase cores only in the host granites. Such differences in mode of occurrence of zircon suggest that the age variation reflects the differences in timing of zircon crystallization between the lithologies. Therefore, the MMEs record the same solidification pressures as the host granites and better represent the final solidification timing of the pluton. From these data of the MMEs, an average exhumation rate of each sample locality was estimated as 7.1–14.5 mm/year (KRG19‐A03) and 5.5–14.4 mm/year (KRG19‐B08b). These exhumation rates are much larger than that of the ca. 5.6–5.2 Ma Shiaidani Granodiorite (0.93–2.5 mm/year), implying that drastic change of the exhumation rate took place between ca. 5.2 Ma and ca. 0.83 Ma.
Consumer biases in the perception of organizational greed
Authors: Arango Luis , Singaraju Stephen Pragasam , Niininen Outi , D'Souza Clare
Published: September 2022

This article extends current models of how consumers judge or perceive organizations as greedy using the theoretical framework of motivated moral reasoning. We show that inherent features of an organization (size and ‘black sheep’ status) and its behaviour (relative frequency) bias consumer perceptions of organizational greed. We use an experimental methodology, present subjects with vignettes describing different scenarios, validate our questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis, and test our hypotheses using a general linear model with covariates. Our findings suggest that consumer perceptions of organizational greed are subject to three effects: the underdog effect (Study 1,n = 496), the black sheep effect (Study 2,n = 229) and the ‘common is moral’ heuristic (Study 3,n = 249). This is the first study to investigate greed under a motivated reasoning paradigm and to show that perceptions of organizational greed are subject to socio‐psychological biases. This study also provides advice on branding and positioning strategies that appeal to the underdog status of an organization or its local origins.
Exploring the role of communication in missed nursing care: A systematic review
Authors: He Meng , Zhu Xiangning , Dong Yueyang , Zhang Shuang , Fang Shuyan , Wang Wenxia , Zhang Mengting , Sun Jiao
Published: September 2022

Aims

To systematically review the literature on relationships between communication issues and missed nursing care.

Design

Systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 Statement.

Data Sources

EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane databases were comprehensively searched from inception to December 2021.

Review Methods

Screening, data extraction and initial quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. The JBI quality assessment tool was used for study appraisal and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the five Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Discrepancies were settled by consulting a third researcher.

Results

A total of 18 articles were included. Missed nursing care was common and the status of communication was not optimistic in clinical. Nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and work environment both influenced missed nursing care and communication. Intrateam communication included three parts: doctors‐nurses communication, nurses‐nurses communication and nurses‐patients communication, poor intrateam communication could contribute to missed nursing care. There was an interaction between missed nursing care and communication.

Conclusion

Promoting efficient intrateam communication, to acknowledge the importance of communication factors in reducing the incidence of missed nursing care in clinics is required. Future research can explore the impact of the internal dimension of communication on missed nursing care and consider interventions aimed at nurses' effective communication.

Impact

What problem did the study address?

This study offers new evidence that the impact of intrateam communication on missed nursing care.

What were the main findings?

Effective intrateam communication can reduce the incidence of missed nursing care, there is mutual influence between communication and missed nursing care.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

Policymakers can provide positive interventions on communication problems in different populations (e.g. nurses−patients, nurses−nurses and doctors−nurses) to provide high‐quality patient care.
Facilitating learning in immersive virtual reality: Segmentation, summarizing, both or none?
Authors: Klingenberg Sara , Fischer Rachel , Zettler Ingo , Makransky Guido
Published: September 2022

Introduction

This study investigates the effectiveness of the segmentation principle from the cognitive theory of multimedia learning as well as the effectiveness of the generative learning strategy of summarization in immersive virtual reality (IVR) within a sample of preadolescents. Although previous research has supported the effectiveness of these instructional methods in multimedia learning, it remains unclear whether segmentation, summarization or the combination of both are superior to a stand‐alone IVR lesson in facilitating learning.

Methods

To address this gap, 190 sixth to seventh grade students learned about the human body in an IVR lesson. Students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: (a) an IVR lesson divided into four segments (segmentation condition); (b) an IVR lesson, where students summarized after the entire lesson (summarizing condition); (c) an IVR lesson presented in four segments, where students summarized after each segment (combined condition); and (d) an IVR lesson without any manipulation (control condition).

Results

Results indicated that, compared to the control condition, adding segmentation or summarization to an IVR lesson leads to better transfer, but not to acquiring more factual knowledge. Combining the two methods did not improve learning.

Conclusion

The findings support the evidence that choosing appropriate instructional methods for IVR lessons can foster transfer.
LncRNA ALKBH3‐AS1 enhances ALKBH3 mRNA stability to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion
Authors: Lu Qiliang , Wang Hao , Lei Xiangxiang , Ma Qiancheng , Zhao Jie , Sun Wen , Guo Cheng , Huang Dongsheng , Xu Qiuran
Published: September 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are confirmed as the key regulators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and progression, but the role of AlkB homologue 3 antisense RNA 1 (ALKBH3‐AS1) in HCC is unclear. We revealed the overexpression of ALKBH3‐AS1 in HCC tissues. The upregulated levels of ALKBH3‐AS1 were observed in HCC cells. ALKBH3‐AS1 was expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCC cells. The high ALKBH3‐AS1 expression was markedly associated with a decreased survival rate of HCC patients. ALKBH3‐AS1 knockdown repressed and ALKBH3‐AS1 overexpression enhanced HCC cell invasion and proliferation. ALKBH3‐AS1 silencing restricted HCC growth in vivo. A significant positive correlation between ALKBH3‐AS1 and ALKBH3 mRNA levels was confirmed in HCC specimens. ALKBH3‐AS1 silencing reduced ALKBH3 expression by stabilizing its mRNA stability in HCC cells. Notably, the impact of ALKBH3 silencing on HCC cells was similar to that of ALKBH3‐AS1 knockdown. ALKBH3 restoration prominently attenuated the suppressive effects resulting from ALKBH3‐AS1 silencing in HCCLM3 cells. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) transcriptionally activated ALKBH3‐AS1 expression in hypoxic HCC cells. ALKBH3‐AS1 knockdown markedly attenuated cell proliferation and invasion in hypoxic Huh7 cells. Collectively, HIF‐1α‐activated ALKBH3‐AS1 exerted an oncogenic role by enhancing ALKBH3 mRNA stability in HCC cells.
What to Do with the ECB's Secondary Mandate
Authors: van ‘t Klooster Jens , de Boer Nik
Published: September 2022

The ECB's secondary mandate requires it to support broader economic policies by and in the EU. How should the ECB deal with its many, potentially conflicting, objectives? To answer that question, this article combines normative and legal analysis with new archival sources, as well as analysis of ECB speeches and documents. A more important role for its secondary mandate fits well with the new, more political role of the ECB. However, the requirements that the legal text imposes on the ECB are paradoxical. While strictly binding, the secondary mandate is also highly indeterminate, and the ECB lacks the democratic legitimacy and legal competence to develop its own policies for pursuing the secondary objectives. To resolve this paradoxical situation, we propose that the specification of the ECB's secondary objectives should take place via high‐level coordination with the political institutions of the EU.
The European Economic Area: Decision‐Shaping during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Jonsdottir Johanna
Published: September 2022

The COVID‐19 crisis provides important examples whereby Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (the EEA EFTA States) deemed it necessary to influence the content of EU rules. Despite participating in the internal market through the EEA Agreement, they were not initially excluded from the EU's restrictions on the export of personal protective equipment and later the export of vaccines against COVID‐19, and they sought to reverse these decisions. This article explores how the EEA EFTA States influenced EU policy in this regard and which methods proved to be most effective. Did the nature of the COVID‐19 crisis have an impact on EU decision‐making processes as well as the methods and channels used by the EEA EFTA States? The EEA EFTA States’ relationship with the EU is also examined as it relates to their ability to influence EU legislation and the legitimacy of such influence.
Using a cognitive framework with nurses to manage stress
Authors: Williams Anne M. , Williams Nigel J.
Published: September 2022

Nursing can be a stressful occupation with many nurses struggling to cope with stress on a day‐to‐day basis. Considerable evidence suggests that positive coping strategies can be an effective part of stress management education programs. This article describes the theoretical rationale for a cognitive framework for stress management that was developed as part of a well‐being educational program for cancer nurses. This framework included an associated mnemonic (www.pst) to assist in the recall and utilization of positive coping strategies. The stress management framework was intended to increase nurses’ perceptions of personal control which is central to stress management. The academic coping literature is complex, jargon laden and often conceptually abstract, and may not easily be understood by a nonacademic audience. The cognitive framework described here is an evidence‐based, user‐friendly tool that could be used and evaluated by counsellors, educators, and researchers in different settings.
Preliminary insight into parental contributions to Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) preleptocephali spawned on different nights
Authors: Takeuchi Aya , Sawayama Eitaro , Kuroki Mari , Miller Michael J. , Watanabe Shun , Tsukamoto Katsumi
Published: September 2022

Parentage sibship‐inference analyses were conducted using mtDNA sequencing and six microsatellite genotypes of 182 Japanese eel preleptocephali that were collected from one net‐tow near the West Mariana Ridge in May 2014. At least 328 parents were involved in producing the 182 preleptocephali, and several parents may have spawned a few times during 3 days of a spawning period. Half‐sibs suggested that a few parents mated with 1–3 partners, indicating that the Japanese eel can form spawning aggregations in which several parents mate with each other in the ocean.
Thermal inactivation kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophila in soymilk of varying pH and sugar concentrations
Authors: Tersoo‐Abiem Evelyn M. , Ariahu Charles C. , Ikya Julius K.
Published: September 2022

Tackling microbial risk in food requires a good knowledge of the behavior of an organism in specific foods. The effect of temperature (50, 52.5, 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, and 65°C), pH (6.0, 6.5, and 7.0) and sugar concentration (0, 5.0 and 10% w/v) on survival of A. hydrophila in soymilk was investigated. Heat resistance studies were carried out using conventional screw‐capped tube procedure with heating at constant temperature. Survival plots were made from experimental data, and D‐ and z‐values obtained ranging between 18.15–0.57 min and 9.71–9.55°C respectively. Significant effects were observed in D‐ and z‐values with variations in pH and sugar concentrations of soymilk. This hurdle combination proved effective in preserving soymilk, aimed at optimizing nutrient retention, organoleptic quality and destruction of A. hydrophila. The data obtained would be useful in effective thermal processing, establishing appropriate pasteurization schedules with reference to A. hydrophila contamination in soymilk.

Novelty impact statement

Aeromonas hydrophila has increasingly been recognized as an emerging food borne pathogen that poses threat to human health. Although inactivation studies of A. hydrophila in several foods have been reported, there is limited information on its inactivation in soymilk using multiple hurdles. In this study, thermal inactivation kinetics of Aeromonas hydrophila from a water source was carried out in soymilk of varying pH and sugar concentrations and was observed to exhibit apparently linear survival curves, and higher decimal reduction times (D‐value) and z‐values than reported for other studied liquid foods. The parameters obtained in this study will be useful in the optimization of thermal processing of soymilk in combination with other hurdles to ensure safety from this organism and similar gram‐negative bacteria.
Clinical and histological comparative outcomes after injections of poly‐L‐lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite in arms: A split side study
Authors: Mazzuco Rosemarie , Evangelista Cristiane , Gobbato Daniela Orso , de Almeida Luiz Mauricio
Published: September 2022

Background

Although much has been published on the use of poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) for off‐face indications, questions remain regarding their exact mechanisms of action in subcutaneous tissue and their comparative efficacy.

Objective

To present the clinical and histological results of the PLLA and CaHA injections into the opposing arms of the same patients.

Methods

Five women received superficial subcutaneous injections of PLLA into the left arm and CaHA into the right arm. After three sessions, the clinical and histological outcomes were analyzed.

Results

After the first session, three patients showed improvement in the right arm (CaHA), but at the end of study, two patients showed better results in the left arm (PLLA). Histologically, moderate to intense lymphocytic and giant cell infiltrate, as well as collagen and elastic fiber neoformation, were observed equally near the particles of both products. Dermis had no inflammatory or fiber alterations.

Conclusion

In this study, there were no clinical differences between these two fillers. Despite current thinking and previous histological studies, we found both products produced moderate to intense inflammatory reaction, as well as collagenic/elastogenic fiber neoformation, only in the subcutaneous tissue of the immediate vicinity and surrounding the individual filler particles.
Use of duplex echoencephalography to evaluate brain death in children: A novel approach to the diagnosis
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Sheikh Ameera , Maertens Paul
Published: September 2022

Background and Purpose

Brain death is defined as the irreversible cessation of brain function with a known etiology. This study aims to establish the value of duplex echoencephalography (DEG) in children fulfilling clinical brain death diagnostic criteria.

Methods

DEG must show intracranial brain structures. Power Doppler is used to assess venous flow when feasible. Color Doppler patterns in all major arteries are assessed. Spectral analysis of arterial flow is divided into four grades: grade 1: inverted flow during entire diastole with time average peak velocity (TAPV) less or equal to zero; grade 2: disappearance of the inverted diastolic flow at the end of diastole; grade 3: oscillating pattern in early diastole; and grade 4: no diastolic flow with systolic blip. To fulfill diagnosis of brain death, brain perfusion must be lost for 30 minutes.

Results

DEG is performed in 41 pediatric patients. In infants, loss of venous flow occurs regardless of the etiology. Grade 1 is the most common arterial color flow pattern and TAPV is always below zero. A pulsatile color flow is associated with three other types of flow patterns (grades 2‐4). TAPV is not calculated, when there is loss of diastolic flow. Diagnosis of brain death is validated using nuclear brain scan in 4 patients. Two have a grade 1 flow pattern, while the other two have a grade 4 flow pattern.

Conclusions

In children, DEG following a strict protocol can be used to confirm diagnosis of brain death in the appropriate clinical setting.
The National Survey of Religious Leaders: Background, Methods, and Lessons Learned in the Research Process
Authors: Chaves Mark , Roso Joseph , Holleman Anna
Published: September 2022

The National Survey of Religious Leaders (NSRL) is a new survey of a nationally representative sample of 1,600 clergy from across the religious spectrum. Conducted in 2019–2020, the NSRL contains a wealth of information about congregations’ religious leaders and provides a rich new resource for answering a wide range of questions about clergy who serve congregations. We describe NSRL methods so that analysts will be equipped to use this complex dataset. Aiming to deepen understanding of the research process, we also describe several challenges we encountered while pursuing this project, our responses to those challenges, and what we learned from confronting them.
Rest for Your Souls? Religion, Meaning, and Purpose in Life, and Sleep Quality in the United States
Authors: Upenieks Laura , Ford‐Robertson Joanne , D. Hill Terrence
Published: September 2022

Although vibrant interdisciplinary literature has extensively documented the importance of quality sleep for health and longevity, many Americans struggle with sleep disorders. One factor which has received far less research attention to date in predicting sleep quality is religion/spirituality. The current study uses nationally representative data from the 2017 Baylor Religion Survey to assess how three dimensions of religion/spirituality, including religious attendance, divine control (the belief in God's causal influence over daily life), and religious doubt (doubt in God's existence), associate with sleep quality. Given that very few population‐based studies have formally tested any underlying mechanisms of the association between religion/spirituality and sleep, we also consider the potential mediating influence of the sense of meaning and purpose in life. Results suggest that greater religious attendance and divine control were associated with better sleep quality, while doubt in God's existence among religious believers was associated with lower sleep quality. The sense of meaning/purpose in life was found to mediate the relationship between religious attendance and divine control and sleep quality and confound the association between religious doubt and sleep quality. Taken together, our findings incorporate understudied measures of religion/spirituality and introduce the sense of meaning and purpose in life as a new mechanism.
A comprehensive review of mammalian carnivore translocations
Authors: Stepkovitch Ben , Kingsford Richard T. , Moseby Katherine E.
Published: September 2022

Carnivore conservation translocations are assumed to provide numerous ecological benefits, including conservation of the translocated carnivores, regulation of prey species and restoration of ecosystems. Reviews of mammalian carnivore conservation translocations and resultant ecosystem effects have focussed on large carnivores. We reviewed global terrestrial carnivore conservation translocations across all taxa, including taxonomic bias, problems influencing their population establishment and their ecosystem effects.

We obtained data from 536 conservation translocations of 54 species of terrestrial mammalian carnivore (order Carnivora and family Dasyuridae, 30 g–196 kg), comprising mostly Mustelidae, Canidae, and Felidae species. A third of all projects translocated carnivores into South Africa and a third into fenced reserves.

Significant bias occurred relative to threat status, with over‐representation of Mustelidae and Canidae conservation translocations relative to the number of threatened species in each family. Additionally, conservation translocations of small carnivores were generally under‐represented compared to those of large carnivores.

Seventeen percent of small carnivore conservation translocations failed, compared with 25% of large carnivore conservation translocations; failure was primarily due to reported anthropogenic mortality.

Effects on resident prey species or ecosystems of carnivore conservation translocations were rarely investigated. We found no significant relationship between the carnivore family or size and effects on prey or ecosystems; however, prey impacts were frequently attributed to Felidae, and ecosystem effects were frequently attributed to Canidae and Felidae.

Challenges to translocations of mammalian carnivores include threats to resident threatened prey species and difficulties in monitoring the ecological effects of carnivore conservation translocations. Poor postrelease monitoring and a lack of empirical studies remain persistent problems, contributing to the poor understanding of ecosystem effects following carnivore conservation translocations.
The impact of facemasks on blood donation process: The professionals' perspective
Authors: Bani Marco , Raggi Erika , Russo Selena , Riccelli Mattia , Ardenghi Stefano , Rampoldi Giulia , Strepparava Maria Grazia
Published: September 2022

Facemasks represent an essential measure of prevention against the spread of COVID‐19; however, they lessen the ability to convey and understand emotions through facial expressions. In blood donation settings, facemasks may interfere with professionals' tasks. This qualitative study aims to describe healthcare staff's experiences, beliefs, and attitudes toward facemask wearing and strategies used to overcome communication and relational barriers along the blood donation process. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 healthcare professionals (14 physicians and 11 nurses) working in Italian blood donation centers. The framework analysis method was used to organize the data and identify emerging themes. More than 70% of participants reported discomfort and a negative impact on communicating effectively with donors and building empathic relationships. The difficulty to detect early signs of adverse reactions was reported by almost all nurses, and physicians were concerned that facemasks limited the identification of donors and the detection of deferral criteria. Facemasks have changed the blood donation process, reducing the healthcare professionals' ability to build empathic relationships and communicate with donors effectively. New strategies should be developed to overcome these limitations.
Putting responsiveness in context: How a partner's responsiveness baseline shapes perceived responsiveness
Authors: Krueger Kori , Forest Amanda
Published: September 2022

Perceived responsiveness has been described as a “bedrock of intimacy.” For responsive acts to be optimally beneficial, recipients must perceive them as responsive. Thus, understanding the factors that influence perceptions of responsiveness is critical for promoting high‐quality relationships. To date, little research has examined how relationship‐specific variables affect how people interpret responsive acts. This paper examine how one such contextual factor—perceptions of a partner's typical level of responsiveness (responsiveness baseline)—shapes interpretations of responsive and unresponsive acts. Two studies employing complementary paradigms provide converging evidence that individuals who perceive their partner as having a high (vs. low) responsiveness baseline perceive greater situational responsiveness when interpreting responsive (but not unresponsive) acts from their partner. These findings reveal a novel, relationship‐specific contextual influence on perceptions of responsiveness and highlight the importance of considering behavioral baselines when examining how people interpret interpersonal behavior.
Photosensitivity is an important cause of refractory facial erythema in atopic dermatitis: A retrospective study of 82 Chinese patients
Authors: Gao Haiqing , Zhang Zhen , Ma Li , Xu Yu , Hu Yue , Luo Xiaoqun
Published: September 2022

Background

Ultraviolet radiation can aggravate facial erythema in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients.

Objective

To investigate the photobiological testing results of Chinese AD patients with refractory facial erythema.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 82 AD patients with refractory facial erythema who visited our department during 2004–2021. All of them completed phototesting and photopatch testing.

Results

82 patients were enrolled in the study, and 53 (64.6%) were between 18 and 30 years old. 51.2% (42/82) had positive phototesting results and were considered photosensitive AD (PhAD) patients. One‐third of them were both allergic to ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B. 65.9% (54/82) suffered from photoallergic contact dermatitis. Chlorpromazine (50.7%), potassium dichromate (13.2%), and thimerosal (11.8%) were the top three common photoallergens. Overall, 86.3% of AD patients with refractory facial erythema had direct photoallergy or photocontact allergy. PhAD patients had fewer allergic comorbidities than the other group (p = .007). More non‐PhAD patients (55.0%) suffered from AD at 2–14 years old (p = .015).

Conclusions

Photosensitivity contributes a lot to the facial lesions of AD patients, especially in their 20s. 86.3% of these patients had direct photoallergy or photocontact allergy. Therefore, AD patients with facial erythema should undergo phototesting and photopatch testing routinely.