bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of Microstructure and Hardening Behavior on Torsion Strain and Strain Rate in Extruded AZ31 Rods
Authors: Chen Hongbing , Liu Tianmo , Yu Hongni , Song Bo , Hou Dewen , Guo Ning , He Jiejun
Published: July 2016

In this study, the effects of torsion strain and strain rate on microstructure and hardening behavior of extruded AZ31 Mg alloy rods are investigated. Torsion deformation can generate abundant extension twins and dislocations and cause the rotation of c‐axis toward extrusion direction. These microstructures exhibit gradient distributions along the radial direction of torsion‐deformed rods. Torsion deformation can effectively enhance the hardness of AZ31 rods. The gradient microstructure leads to a gradient hardness distribution in torsion‐deformed rods. High strain rates can enhance the hardening effect via torsion deformation by promoting increment of dislocation density.
Potential of Photocurrent Improvement in μc‐Si:H Solar Cells with TCO Substrates Structured by Direct Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Soldera Marcos , Taretto Kurt , Berger Jana , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: July 2016

Thin film solar cells based on weak absorbers like hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (µc–Si:H) need an effective light management to maximize light absorption. In this work, the authors study numerically the light trapping capability of boron doped zinc oxide (ZnO:B)‐coated substrates textured by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). The geometric parameters of the simulated patterns are taken from measurements of DLIP processed samples with sine‐like grooves. The results suggest that this technology is suitable to enhance the photocurrent by 15–35% of µc–Si:H solar cells deposited on ZnO:B using texture periods between 0.8 and 1.5 µm and a 2 µm active layer.
Quaternized Silicon Nanoparticles with Polarity‐Sensitive Fluorescence for Selectively Imaging and Killing Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Xiaokai , Yang Jingjing , Jia Hao‐Ran , Li Yan‐Hong , Chen Zhan , Wu Fu‐Gen
Published: July 2016

With the emergence of antibiotic resistance, developing new antibiotics and therapies for combating bacterial infections is urgently needed. Herein, a series of quaternized fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are facilely prepared by the covalent reaction between amine‐functionalized SiNPs and carboxyl‐containing N‐alkyl betaines. It is found that the bactericidal efficacy of these quaternized SiNPs increases with the length of the N‐alkyl chain, and SiNPs conjugated with N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐octadecylbetaine (BS‐18), abbreviated as SiNPs‐C18, show the best antibacterial effect, whose minimum inhibitory concentrations for Gram‐positive bacteria are 1–2 μg mL−1. In vivo tests further confirm that SiNPs‐C18 have excellent antibacterial efficacy and greatly reduce bacterial load in the infectious sites. The SiNPs‐C18 exhibit low cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells (including normal liver and lung cells, red blood cells, and macrophages), enabling them to be useful for clinical applications. Besides, the quaternized SiNPs exhibit polarity‐dependent fluorescence emission property and can selectively image Gram‐positive bacteria, thereby providing a simple method to successfully differentiate Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The present work represents the first example that successfully turns fluorescent SiNPs into metal‐free NP‐based antibiotics with simultaneous bacterial imaging and killing capability, which broadens the applications of fluorescent SiNPs and advances the development of novel antibacterial agents.
Nanostructured Silicon Used for Flexible and Mobile Electricity Generation
Authors: Sun Baoquan , Shao Mingwang , Lee Shuitong
Published: July 2016

The use of nanostructured silicon for the generation of electricity in flexible and mobile devices is reviewed. This field has attracted widespread interest in recent years due to the emergence of plastic electronics. Such developments are likely to alter the nature of power sources in the near future. For example, flexible photovoltaic cells can supply electricity to rugged and collapsible electronics, biomedical devices, and conformable solar panels that are integrated with the curved surfaces of vehicles or buildings. Here, the unique optical and electrical properties of nanostructured silicon are examined, with regard to how they can be exploited in flexible photovoltaics, thermoelectric generators, and piezoelectric devices, which serve as power generators. Particular emphasis is placed on organic–silicon heterojunction photovoltaic devices, silicon‐nanowire‐based thermoelectric generators, and core–shell silicon/silicon oxide nanowire‐based piezoelectric devices, because they are flexible, lightweight, and portable.
Error‐triggered on‐line model identification for model‐based feedback control
Authors: Alanqar Anas , Durand Helen , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: July 2016

In industry, it may be difficult in many applications to obtain a first‐principles model of the process, in which case a linear empirical model constructed using process data may be used in the design of a feedback controller. However, linear empirical models may not capture the nonlinear dynamics over a wide region of state‐space and may also perform poorly when significant plant variations and disturbances occur. In the present work, an error‐triggered on‐line model identification approach is introduced for closed‐loop systems under model‐based feedback control strategies. The linear models are re‐identified on‐line when significant prediction errors occur. A moving horizon error detector is used to quantify the model accuracy and to trigger the model re‐identification on‐line when necessary. The proposed approach is demonstrated through two chemical process examples using a model‐based feedback control strategy termed Lyapunov‐based economic model predictive control (LEMPC). The chemical process examples illustrate that the proposed error‐triggered on‐line model identification strategy can be used to obtain more accurate state predictions to improve process economics while maintaining closed‐loop stability of the process under LEMPC. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 949–966, 2017
Synthesizing bromobutyl rubber by a microreactor system
Authors: Xie Pei , Wang Kai , Wang Peijian , Xia Yang , Luo Guangsheng
Published: July 2016

Bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) is an important synthetic rubber with better vulcanizing behavior than traditional butyl rubber (IIR). It is hard to synthesize for the high reactant viscosity and strong corrosion caused by Br2 and HBr. A microreactor platform was developed to solve the corrosion problem with cheap materials and obtain high quality BIIR based on microscaled mixing. The results showed that low reaction temperature and quickly eliminating HBr from the reacting solution were crucial to obtain high selectivity of demanded molecule structure and prevent polymer from decomposition. Owing to the corrosion resistance ability, a water assistant technology was successfully implemented in the microreactor system, which produced high quality BIIR with almost 100% selectivity and less reduced molecule weight. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1002–1009, 2017
Variable bleeding phenotype in an Amish pedigree with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Gupta Sweta , Heiman Meadow , Duncan Natalie , Hinckley Jesse , Di Paola Jorge , Shapiro Amy D
Published: July 2016

Through a cross‐sectional study design, the bleeding phenotype in the Amish in Indiana (IN) and Wisconsin (WI) was described using two different bleeding scores. von Willebrand factor (VWF) testing was performed and bleeding questionnaires from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and European MCMDM‐1 (Tosetto bleeding score (BS)) were administered to the IN and WI cohort respectively. Seven hundred and seventy nine subjects were recruited, 17% were diagnosed with VWD based on Ristocetin cofactor, VWF:RCo < 30 IU/dl. Majority of the affected (AF), 67%, were tested and had a common mutation c.4120 C > T. The WI AF were much younger at a mean age 15 years vs 26 years in IN AF cohort. The AF subjects had a median VWF:RCo of 13IU/dl with a statistically significant higher median BS 1 versus 0 in the WI AF vs WI Unaffected (UA), 2 vs 1 in the IN AF vs IN UA, P < 0.01. Adults had a higher median BS compared to children in the WI and IN cohort, 2 vs 1 and 3 vs 1 respectively (P < 0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference in the BS between males and females in either cohort. The common symptoms reported were epistaxis and gingival oozing. BS ≥ 3 and BS ≥ 4 were observed in 46% of AF IN and 16.6% of AF WI, respectively. There was significant variability in the bleeding phenotype, with an overall low BS in the affected Amish with VWD, despite a unifying mutation. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E431–E435, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A robust synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for green synthesis of some heterocyclic rings
Authors: Aleem Ali El‐Remaily Mahmoud Abd El , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. , El‐Khatib Rafat M.
Published: July 2016

A robust synthesis for magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal technique was investigated. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning, transmission and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopies, energy‐dispersive X‐ray and infrared spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry. Based on the obtained data, the prepared powder was composed of ultrafine particles in nanometer size range with highly homogeneous spherical shape and elemental composition. Moreover, the prepared magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were used as an efficient catalyst for green synthesis of tetrahydropyridines and pyrrole derivatives in excellent yields, with easy work‐up and purification of products by non‐chromatographic methods. The catalyst can be recovered for subsequent reactions and reused without any appreciable loss of activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible polyurethane foams formulated with polyols derived from waste carbon dioxide
Authors: DeBolt Mica , Kiziltas Alper , Mielewski Deborah , Waddington Simon , Nagridge Michael J.
Published: July 2016

In this study, flexible polyurethane foam samples were prepared using concentrations of up to 50% of two novel polycarbonate polyols, Polyol D 251‐20 and Polyol D 351‐30, derived from the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and epoxides, to determine whether the final foam products meet automotive standards for use in seating applications. In other words, CO2‐based polyols were substituted for a portion of petroleum‐based polyols in the foam formulations. Characterization of the foam samples was carried out by mechanical, physical, and thermal analysis. Overall, inclusion of both types of CO2‐based polyol led to an increase in wet compression set, compression modulus, compression stress at various strain levels, maximum tensile strength, Young's modulus, and tear resistance properties in the flexible polyurethane foams. Density, SAG factors, and elongation properties remained relatively constant compared to petroleum‐based control samples. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed increasing storage modulus with increasing concentrations of CO2‐based polyol at temperatures below 0 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of the foam decreases with an increase in the concentration of CO2‐based polyol. Images of foam samples were taken using a Keyence VHX digital microscope. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44086.
Hippocampal lipid differences in Alzheimer's disease: a human brain study using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Mendis Lakshini H. S. , Grey Angus C. , Faull Richard L. M. , Curtis Maurice A.
Published: July 2016

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is pathologically characterized by β‐amyloid plaques and tau tangles. However, there is also evidence of lipid dyshomeostasis‐mediated AD pathology. Given the structural diversity of lipids, mass spectrometry is a useful tool for studying lipid changes in AD. Although there have been a few studies investigating lipid changes in the human hippocampus in particular, there are few reports on how lipids change in each hippocampal subfield (e.g., Cornu Ammonis [CA] 1–4, dentate gyrus [DG] etc.). Since each subfield has its own function, we postulated that there could be lipid changes that are unique to each.

Methods

We used matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐imaging mass spectrometry to investigate specific lipid changes in each subfield in AD. Data from the hippocampus region of six age‐ and gender‐matched normal and AD pairs were analyzed with SCiLS lab 2015b software (SCiLS GmbH, Germany; RRID:SCR_014426), using an analysis workflow developed in‐house. Hematoxylin, eosin, and luxol fast blue staining were used to precisely delineate each anatomical hippocampal subfield. Putative lipid identities, which were consistent with published data, were assigned using MS/MS.

Results

Both positively and negatively charged lipid ion species were abundantly detected in normal and AD tissue. While the distribution pattern of lipids did not change in AD, the abundance of some lipids changed, consistent with trends that have been previously reported. However, our results indicated that the majority of these lipid changes specifically occur in the CA1 region. Additionally, there were many lipid changes that were specific to the DG.

Conclusions

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐imaging mass spectrometry and our analysis workflow provide a novel method to investigate specific lipid changes in hippocampal subfields. Future work will focus on elucidating the role that specific lipid differences in each subfield play in AD pathogenesis.
Learn how to limit liability for situations involving athletic trainers, team physicians
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2016

CLEARWATER BEACH, FLA. — Your department's athletic trainers and team physicians bear significant responsibility for student‐athletes' health and well‐being.
Take steps now to prepare to respond to potential NCAA investigations
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2016

CLEARWATER BEACH, FLA. — Everyone who works in a college athletics department should take specific steps now to prepare for the future possibility of an investigation by the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
AD relies on cross‐campus collaboration, staff empowerment to find innovative solutions
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2016

Jason Fein believes in empowering his athletics department staff to come up with innovative ways to deal with the inevitable challenges and changes that face any athletics department.
Functional Site Discovery in a Sulfur Metabolism Enzyme by Using Directed Evolution
Authors: Paritala Hanumantharao , Palde Prakash B. , Carroll Kate S.
Published: July 2016

In human pathogens, the sulfate assimilation pathway provides reduced sulfur for biosynthesis of essential metabolites, including cysteine and low‐molecular‐weight thiol compounds. Sulfonucleotide reductases (SRs) catalyze the first committed step of sulfate reduction. In this reaction, activated sulfate in the form of adenosine‐5′‐phosphosulfate (APS) or 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate (PAPS) is reduced to sulfite. Gene knockout, transcriptomic and proteomic data have established the importance of SRs in oxidative stress‐inducible antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. In previous work, we focused on rational and high‐throughput design of small‐molecule inhibitors that target the active site of SRs. However, another critical goal is to discover functionally important regions in SRs beyond the traditional active site. As an alternative to conservation analysis, we used directed evolution to rapidly identify functional sites in PAPS reductase (PAPR). Four new regions were discovered that are essential to PAPR function and lie outside the substrate binding pocket. Our results highlight the use of directed evolution as a tool to rapidly discover functionally important sites in proteins.
Acute cholecystitis and myocardial infarction: a case study with coronary involvement
Authors: Meelu Omar A. , Baber Usman , Theodoropoulos Kleanthis , Mennuni Marco G. , Kini Annapoorna S. , Sharma Samin K.
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical Message

Possible links between inflammatory stimuli and atherothrombotic disease in the context of gallbladder pathology are not well understood. Our case demonstrates that clinical suspicion of cardiac disease after a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis should remain high in light of the dire consequences of a missed diagnosis.
Cobalt–Nitrogen Co‐doped Carbon Nanotube Cathode Catalyst for Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Kruusenberg Ivar , Ramani Dilip , Ratso Sander , Joost Urmas , Saar Rando , Rauwel Protima , Kannan Arunachala M. , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: July 2016

A highly active state‐of‐the‐art catalyst was synthesized by cobalt–nitrogen co‐doping of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Co/N/MWCNT) as non‐precious metal catalyst using cobalt chloride and dicyandiamide by high‐temperature treatment. A range of physicochemical characterization methods were used to observe the surface structure and composition of the synthesized electrocatalyst material. The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on this catalyst material was studied in 0.1 m KOH solution by using the rotating‐disk electrode method. The Co/N/MWCNT catalyst showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media. In addition, the performance of the catalyst in a fuel cell was evaluated by fabricating membrane electrode assemblies employing a Tokuyama® anion exchange membrane (AEM), with hydrogen and oxygen gases at various temperatures. AEM fuel cell with Co/N/MWCNT cathode catalyst exhibited a power density of 115 mW cm−2 with H2/O2 gases (100 % RH) at ambient pressure at 50 °C.
Efficient Electrochemical Production of Syngas from CO2 and H2O by using a Nanostructured Ag/g‐C3N4 Catalyst
Authors: Sastre Francesc , Muñoz‐Batista Mario J. , Kubacka Anna , Fernández‐García Marcos , Smith Wilson A. , Kapteijn Freek , Makkee Michiel , Gascon Jorge
Published: July 2016

A new series of electrocatalysts consisting of Ag nanoparticles supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) are presented. The combination of nanostructured silver and a carbon nitride support results in the direct generation of synthesis gas (CO+H2) during the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in water. By using a state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalytic setup, the influence of different operation parameters over the final product composition is shown. The H2/CO product ratio can easily be tuned from 100:1 to 2:1 with high reproducibility by controlling the applied potential and the Ag loading. More importantly, long‐term and catalyst reuse experiments demonstrate the robustness of these electrodes, which could be operated for over 20 h time on stream and reused several times without any evident loss of activity or selectivity. Our results highlight the potential of nanostructuring Ag‐based catalysts and the relevance of the selected support for the green valorization of CO2.
Post‐synthetic Spin‐Labeling of RNA through Click Chemistry for PELDOR Measurements
Authors: Kerzhner Mark , Abdullin Dinar , Więcek Jennifer , Matsuoka Hideto , Hagelueken Gregor , Schiemann Olav , Famulok Michael
Published: July 2016

Site‐directed spin labeling of RNA based on click chemistry is used in combination with pulsed electron‐electron double resonance (PELDOR) to benchmark a nitroxide spin label, called here dŲ. We compare this approach with another established method that employs the rigid spin label Çm for RNA labeling. By using CD spectroscopy, thermal denaturation measurements, CW‐EPR as well as PELDOR we analyzed and compared the influence of dŲ and Çm on a self‐complementary RNA duplex. Our results demonstrate that the conformational diversity of dŲ is significantly reduced near the freezing temperature of a phosphate buffer, resulting in strongly orientation‐selective PELDOR time traces of the dŲ‐labeled RNA duplex.
A Trimodal Closomer Drug‐Delivery System Tailored with Tracing and Targeting Capabilities
Authors: Sarma Saurav J. , Khan Aslam A. , Goswami Lalit N. , Jalisatgi Satish S. , Hawthorne M. Frederick
Published: July 2016

The construction and application of a unique monodisperse closomer drug‐delivery system (CDDS) integrating three different functionalities onto an icosahedral closo‐dodecaborane [B12]2− scaffold is described. Eleven B‐OH vertices of [closo‐B12(OH)12]2− were used to attach eleven copies of the anticancer drug chlorambucil and the targeting vector glucosamine through a bifurcating lysine linker. The remaining twelfth vertex was used to attach a fluorescent imaging probe. The presence of multiple glucosamine units offered a monodisperse and highly water‐soluble CDDS with a high payload of therapeutic cargo. This array enhanced the penetration of the drug into cancer cells by exploiting the overexpression of GLUT‐1 receptors present on cancer cells. About 15‐fold enhancement in cytotoxicity was observed for CDDS‐1 against Jurkat cells, compared to CDDS‐2, which lacks the GLUT‐1 targeting glucosamine. A cytotoxicity comparison of CDDS‐1 against colorectal RKO cells and its GLUT‐1 knock‐out version confirmed that GLUT‐1 mediates endocytosis. Using fluorescent markers both CDDS‐1 and ‐2 were traced to the mitochondria, a novel target for alkylating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of p‐Type SnSe Nanoplates with Exceptional Thermoelectric Power Factors.
Authors: Gregory Duncan H. , et al.
Published: July 2016

Single‐phase orthorhombic SnSe nanoplates are fabricated in gram quantities by boiling a black precipitate formed by combining aqueous solutions of NaHSe and Na2SnO2 (2 h, 94% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Self‐Assembling Gold Nanoparticle‐Supported Organocatalyst for Enamine‐Based Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Soti Peter Lajos , Yamashita Hiroki , Sato Kohei , Narumi Tetsuo , Toda Mitsuo , Watanabe Naoharu , Marosi Gyoergy , Mase Nobuyuki
Published: July 2016

The self‐assembling gold nanoparticle‐supported L‐proline derivative generated in four steps from 4‐hydroxy‐l‐proline and chloroauric acid, is used for enamine‐based aldol reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Intramolecular [4 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Between a 1,3‐Diene and a Diazo Ester.
Authors: Qiu Huang , Srinivas Harathi D. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P.
Published: July 2016

The first examples for [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of diazo compounds, normally prone to undergo [3+2] addition, are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Trifluoroethoxylation of Vinyl Bromides.
Authors: Ding Jianping , You Yi , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: July 2016

Trifluoroethyl vinyl ethers are prepared from vinyl halides and copper reagent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Alkylation of Amino Acid Derivatives Promoted by Cyclic Peptoids under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Schettini Rosaria , De Riccardis Francesco , Della Sala Giorgio , Izzo Irene
Published: July 2016

A library of proline‐containing cyclopeptoids is prepared, characterized and their complexing ability is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Rearrangement of 2‐Alkoxy Diallyl Alcohols: Access to Polysubstituted Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Lempenauer Luisa , Dunach Elisabet , Lemiere Gilles
Published: July 2016

Only 1 mol% of catalyst is required for a successful preparation of the desired title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion via Cleavage of Benzylic C—C Bonds Enabling Direct Synthesis of Medium Ring‐Fused Benzocarbocycles.
Authors: Rao Bin , Tang Jinghua , Wei Yu , Zeng Xiaoming
Published: July 2016

The metal‐free title method is successfully applied to the preparation of 7‐ and 8‐membered rings, but fails upon attempts to synthesize 9‐ and 10‐membered rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate DCPD as a Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation.
Authors: Benzekri Zakaria , El Mejdoubi Khalid , Boukhris Said , Sallek Brahim , Lakhrissi Brahim , Souizi Abdelaziz
Published: July 2016

Condensation reactions of various substituted benzaldehydes with active methylene compounds using DCPD as highly active heterogeneous catalyst under green reaction conditions are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox Mediated Nickel Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Thiols with Aryl and Heteroaryl Iodides via Thiyl Radicals.
Authors: Oderinde Martins S. , Frenette Mathieu , Robbins Daniel W. , Aquila Brian , Johannes Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2016

Highly chemoselective photoinduced Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of aryl, benzyl, and alkyl thiols with aryl and heteroaryl iodides in the presence of an Ir(III)‐photoredox catalyst are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Rhodium/Copper Catalysis: Synthesis of 1,3‐Enynes and N‐Aryl Enaminones.
Authors: Wang Nan‐Nan , Huang Lei‐Rong , Hao Wen‐Juan , Zhang Tian‐Shu , Li Guigen , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: July 2016

A variety of both types of the highly functionalized title compounds is available under Rh/Cu catalysis according to conditions A) or B) with an excellent stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Naphthaldehydes via the Cascade Reactions of 1‐Phenylpent‐4‐yn‐2‐ols Promoted by Iodine Monochloride.
Authors: Li Bin , Shen Nana , Fan Xuesen , Zhang Xinying
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared by a cascade reaction involving an intramolecular Friedel—Crafts reaction, dehydration, and oxidation in good yields and excellent regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Activated Alumina Balls under Neat Conditions: A Green Catalyst for the Synthesis of Spiro‐Heterocyclic Scaffolds by Ring‐Opening versus Annulation of the Isatin Moiety.
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Banerjee Biplab , Bhaumik Asim , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda
Published: July 2016

The spiro‐heterocycles are synthesized from a one‐pot reaction of amines, β‐keto esters, indanones and isatins using activated alumina balls (3‐5 mm diameter) as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Reagent‐Controlled Tandem Reactions of Vinyl Epoxides: Access to Functionalized γ‐Butenolides.
Authors: Ma Juan , Yuan Zhe‐zhe , Kong Xiang‐wen , Wang Huai , Li Yi‐ming , Xiao Hua , Zhao Gang
Published: July 2016

Epoxides (I) are used for the title reactions with trifluoromethyl ketones or aldehydes in the presence of PBu3 to produce 3‐alkenyl γ‐butenolide synthons with excellent (E)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Cross‐Benzoin/Michael/Acetalization Cascade for Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated γ‐Butyrolactones.
Authors: He Xiang‐Hong , Yang Lei , Huang Wei , Zhao Qian , Pan Xiao‐Li , Jiang Dao‐Feng , Yang Ming‐Cheng , Peng Cheng , Han Bo
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared by sequential NHC‐amine catalytic one‐pot cascade reaction of aromatic aldehydes, trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal, and enals.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 2,5‐Di(thiophen‐2‐yl)furan‐3‐carbonitrile Derivatives and Investigation of the Electrochromic Properties of Homopolymers and Co‐Polymers with EDOT.
Authors: Abaci Ufuk , Ustalar Asli , Yilmaz Mehmet , Guney H. Yuksel
Published: July 2016

The title carbonitriles are prepared by reaction of oxopropanenitriles with alkenes mediated by mangenese(III) acetate followed by oxidation with DDQ.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indole‐Annulated Sulfur Heterocycles Using Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Coupling and Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation.
Authors: Shelke Ganesh M. , Jha Mukund , Kumar Anil
Published: July 2016

Biologically relevant benzothiazinoindoles and isothiochromenoindoles are prepared using Cu‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type coupling and Pd‐catalyzed arylation, respectively, as key steps to construct the polycyclic frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Study and Application of Noncatalyzed Photoinduced Conjugation of Azides and Cycloocta‐1,2,3‐selenadiazoles.
Authors: Jedinakova P. , Sebej P. , Slanina T. , Klan P. , Hlavac J.
Published: July 2016

1,2,3‐Triazoles are prepared by cycloaddition of azides with cyclooctyne in situ generated by photolysis of cyclooctaselenadiazole (I).
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide Mediated Cascade Synthesis of 3‐Arylsulfonylquinolines.
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Chen Su , Gao Yuzhen , Zhang Pengbo , Wu Yile , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: July 2016

Treatment of aromatic amines bearing an N‐propargyl chain with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III) Acetate Mediated Oxidative Radical Cyclizations of α‐Substituted N‐[2‐(Phenylethynyl)phenyl]acetamides.
Authors: Chuang Che‐Ping , Chen Yan‐Jhu
Published: July 2016

Two effective methods for the synthesis of 3,4‐disubstituted quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Multi‐Component Syntheses of Pyrimidines Using β‐CD in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Rakhi Chowrasia , Ramesh Katla , Darbem Mariana P. , Branquinho Tabata A. , de Oliveira Aline Rufino , Manjari Padma Sunitha , Domingues Nelson Luis C.
Published: July 2016

The condensation reaction of 1,3‐diketones, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate proceeds in water in the presence of β‐cyclodextrine as catalyst to afford pyrimidine derivatives in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reaction of Benzyl Halides: Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo/benzimidazolo Quinazolinones.
Authors: Beerappa Mallappa , Shivashankar Kalegowda
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared under environmentally friendly reaction conditions by a highly efficient one‐pot cascade sequence involving oxidation, Knoevenagel condensation, and Michael addition followed by cyclization and dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines by Double Groebke Reactions and Inhibitory Effects on Radicals and DNA Oxidation.
Authors: Chen Jia‐Feng , Liu Zai‐Qun
Published: July 2016

The starting 2‐aminoquinoxalines are prepared from o‐phenylenediamine, an aldehyde and tert‐octylisonitrile by a first Groebke three‐component reaction (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic and Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Multisubstituted Tribenzothiepins by Intermolecular Cycloadditions.
Authors: Tahara Yu‐ki , Matsubara Riku , Mitake Akihito , Sato Tatsuki , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori
Published: July 2016

The title compounds are prepared under mild reaction conditions by intermolecular cycloaddition of either diphenyl‐sulfide‐tethered diynes or 2‐phenyl sulfanylbenzene‐tethered diynes with a monoalkyne.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐keto Phosphonates by Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation with Togni Reagent.
Authors: Fu Wen‐Zhi , Huang Yangen , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: July 2016

Various title phosphonates are prepared starting from cyclic and acyclic β‐keto phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Diketopiperazines from Marine‐Derived Bacteria Inhibit LPS‐Induced Endothelial Inflammatory Responses.
Authors: Kang Hyejin , Ku Sae‐Kwang , Choi Hyukjae , Bae Jong‐Sup
Published: July 2016

Three diketopiperazines (Ia), (Ib), and (Ic) are isolated from two strains of marine‐derived bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Hedyosumins A, B, and C.
Authors: Sun Wang‐Bin , Wang Xuan , Sun Bing‐Feng , Zou Jian‐Ping , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: July 2016

The first asymmetric total synthesis of Hedyosumins A, B, and C is accomplished in 13‐14 steps from simple starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: seco‐Casbanes from the Australian Rainforest: ECD Predictions Key for Determining Remote Absolute Configuration.
Authors: Maslovskaya Lidia A. , Savchenko Andrei I. , Gordon Victoria A. , Reddell Paul W. , Pierce Carly J. , Parsons Peter G. , Williams Craig M.
Published: July 2016

Two novel seco‐casbanes EBC‐328 (I) and EBC‐363 (II) from the australian rainforest plant Croton insularis.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Heterocyclic Ketene Aminal‐Based Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Yang Peng Hui
Published: July 2016

Review: data sinse 2002; 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentenones
Authors: Simeonov Svilen P. , Nunes Joao P. M. , Guerra Krassimira , Kurteva Vanya B. , Afonso Carlos A. M.
Published: July 2016

Review: 656 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Amide‐Bond Formation
Authors: Crochet Pascale , Cadierno Victorio
Published: July 2016

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronic Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: July 2016

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of Past and Present Synthetic Methodologies on Medicinal Chemistry: Where Have All the New Reactions Gone?
Authors: Brown Dean G. , Bostrom Jonas
Published: July 2016

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Meldrum′s Acid: A Useful Platform in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Pair Etienne , Cadart Timothee , Levacher Vincent , Briere Jean‐Francois
Published: July 2016

Review: [32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Minor Phases on the Performances of CZTSSe Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Altamura Giovanni , Vidal Julien
Published: July 2016

Review: 293 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of High Magnetic Moment Thin Films for Microscale and Nanotechnology Applications
Authors: Scheunert G. , Heinonen O. , Hardeman R. , Lapicki A. , Gubbins M. , Bowman R. M.
Published: July 2016

Review: 457 refs.
“Chemical Blowing” of Sausage‐Like Carbon Nanotubes with Oriented Graphene‐Layer Walls
Authors: Zhong Bo , Liu Defei , Yu Yuanlie
Published: July 2016

Sausage‐like carbon nanotubes (SLCNTs) have been fabricated via a facile thermal treatment of a homogeneous solution of ammonia borane/dimethylethanolamine with anodic alumina oxide as a template in the absence of metal catalysts. The walls of these SLCNTs contain layers of graphene oriented at an angle towards the tube axis, deviating from the general structure of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in which all lattice walls are parallel along the longitudinal axis. The current versus voltage measurements perpendicular to the axis reveals that the SLCNTs possess a resistivity of ∼80 Ω m.
Selective area laser deposition of FCC beta silicon carbide
Authors: Paul James I. , Schmidt Marc J J. , Abram Timothy J.
Published: July 2016

Silicon Carbide (SiC) has been deposited onto an alumina substrate by the thermal decomposition of the gaseous precursor tetramethylsilane (TMS). A 500 W ytterbium fibre laser was used to heat the surface of an alumina substrate locally, resulting in deposition of SiC at the sample surface. The SiC deposit was analysed using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The deposit was confirmed to be silicon carbide and found to be face centre cubic (FCC) crystal structure. Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the stoichiometry of the deposit which initially was found to be carbon rich. Further analysis by Raman spectroscopy suggests the deposit may be more stoichiometric following a two hour thermal treatment of the sample at 600 degrees celcius in an atmosphere of air.
Consistent quantitative gene product expression: #1. Automated identification of regenerating bone marrow cell populations using support vector machines
Authors: Voigt Andrew P. , Eidenschink Brodersen Lisa , Pardo Laura , Meshinchi Soheil , Loken Michael R.
Published: July 2016

Identification and quantification of maturing hematopoietic cell populations in flow cytometry data sets is a complex and sometimes irreproducible step in data analysis. Supervised machine learning algorithms present promise to automatically classify cells into populations, reducing subjective bias in data analysis. We describe the use of support vector machines (SVMs), a supervised algorithm, to reproducibly identify two distinctly different populations of normal hematopoietic cells, mature lymphocytes and uncommitted progenitor cells, in the challenging setting of pediatric bone marrow specimens obtained 1 month after chemotherapy. Four‐color flow cytometry data were collected on a FACS Calibur for 77 randomly selected postchemotherapy pediatric patients enrolled on the Children's Oncology Group clinical trial AAML1031. These patients demonstrated no evidence of detectable residual disease and were divided into training (n = 27) and testing (n = 50) cohorts. SVMs were trained to identify mature lymphocytes and uncommitted progenitor cells in the training cohort before independent evaluation of prediction efficiency in the testing cohort. Both SVMs demonstrated high predictive performance (lymphocyte SVM: sensitivity >0.99, specificity >0.99; uncommitted progenitor cell SVM: sensitivity = 0.94, specificity >0.99) and closely mirrored manual cell classifications by two expert‐analysts. SVMs present an efficient, automated methodology for identifying normal cell populations even in stressed bone marrows, replicating the performance of an expert while reducing the intrinsic bias of gating procedures between multiple analysts. © 2016 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Mammillary body volume abnormalities in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Khalsa Sahib S. , Kumar Rajesh , Patel Vandan , Strober Michael , Feusner Jamie D.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Several case reports of Wernicke's Encephalopathy in anorexia nervosa (AN) caused by thiamine deficiency have described mammillary body (MB) injury, but systematic studies are lacking. Here we evaluated whether underweight and weight‐restored individuals with AN demonstrate evidence of abnormal MB morphology, via retrospective examination of a previously collected data set.

Method

Using standard‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla, we measured MB volume and fornix area in a cross‐sectional study of 12 underweight AN, 20 weight‐restored AN, and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy comparisons. Because of the small size of these structures, a manual tracing approach was necessary to obtain accurate measurements. A blinded expert rater manually traced MB and fornix structures in each participant.

Results

We observed significantly smaller MB volumes in the underweight AN group. However, the weight‐restored AN group exhibited significantly larger MB volumes. The right fornix was smaller in the weight‐restored AN group only.

Discussion

These findings suggest the possibility that MB volume and fornix area could represent potential biomarkers of acute weight loss and restoration, respectively. Verification of this finding through prospective studies evaluating MB morphology, cognition, and thiamine levels longitudinally across individual illness trajectories might be warranted. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:920–929)
Particles Counting in Intracellular Images by Partial Least Squares Regression and HLAC Feature between Multiple Features
Authors: KUMAGAI SHOHEI , HOTTA KAZUHIRO
Published: July 2016

In the field of cell biology, particle counting in intracellular images is important for investigating the cause of diseases. However, particles are manually counted by human observers now. Such manually counting takes a lot of time, and counting result becomes subjective. If an automatic counting method by computer is realized, we can treat a large number of images and it can obtain many objective data. The development of an automatic counting method much contributes to understand the case of disease. However, particle counting in intracellular images by a computer is new research field, and conventional methods are little. Thus, we propose counting method based on regression analysis. We use partial least squares regression and auto‐correlation between two different types of features using mask patterns for higher‐order local autocorrelation feature. The proposed method gives higher accuracy than counting by principal component regression, support vector regression and ImageJ. In experiment, the proposed method can count with small error in comparison with human counting. The effectiveness of our method is shown by experiments.
Active Noise Control with Speech Enhancement Using Inverse Notch Filter
Authors: NAKATANI KAZUKI , FUJIMOTO TAIHEI , KAWAMURA ARATA , IIGUNI YOUJI
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes an active noise control (ANC) system based on speech enhancement using inverse notch filter (INF). Conventional ANC systems remove an observed signal, even if it includes a desired speech signal. To extract the desired speech signal, we introduce a speech reduction method as pre‐processing of the ANC system. In this case, the ANC produces only the noise replica, since the input signal to the ANC does not include the speech signal. We inversely use a speech enhancement technique to achieve speech reduction. One of the useful speech enhancement techniques is a spectral gain method. Inherently, the spectral gain method based on the FFT provides a delay depending on the analysis frame length. Since the ANC system can work well under a low processing delay, we replace the FFT with the INF which is a narrow band‐pass filter for reducing processing delay. Simulation results show that the proposed ANC system with INF is effective to extract the speech signal included in the observed signal.
Bandwidth Control Using Adaptive Packet Policer Management for Packet Transport Network Based on Service Layer Request
Authors: SAKAMOTO KENICHI , HOSHIHARA HAYATO , KUBO HIROYUKI , TAKAHASHI TATSURO
Published: July 2016

As the mobile service, the cloud service, and machine‐to‐machine service are becoming more and more popular, network traffic increases drastically and the requirements for network services are diversifying. In this paper, we propose the transport network architecture using packet transport technology, which attains the integration of expanding traffic fairly and effectively. We propose the implementation of network traffic control functionalities, which can attain the variety of requirements for traffic control from many kinds of network services.
Stepped Multiple‐Frequency Complementary Phase Code Radar and the Fundamental Experiment
Authors: WATANABE MASATO , AKITA MANABU , INABA TAKAYUKI
Published: July 2016

In the recent years, short‐range radar such as automotive radar has been attracting attention. In the radar, transmission method and signal processing achieve a high range resolution, and long range detection performance is required. In this paper, we propose the stepped multiple‐frequency CPC radar that is expected to achieve a high range resolution and long range detection performance. In the proposed method, the transmission sequence and the phase correction process are expected to suppress the intersymbol interference and reduce the effects of Doppler frequency. A simulation result on the side‐lobe level of CPC pulse compression is shown to verify the effectiveness of the method on the effect of Doppler shift. The other simulation result is shown to verify the improvement of S/N ratio by the signal processing. The results of the experiments also indicated that the radar could achieve high range resolution with narrowband receiver.
Autonomous Mobile Robot Selecting Optimum Path with Safe Speed Control in Consideration of Blind Area of Vision Sensors
Authors: KUROSAKA TSUBASA , KANEKO MASAHIDE
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a speed control method to move an autonomous mobile robot safely under the environment where blind areas exist. Sensors like a laser range finder or an optical camera cannot detect the areas in the backside of walls, pillars, or objects. When a person suddenly appears from these blind areas, the mobile robot is very likely to collide with him/her, if its speed reduction performance is limited. In this paper the safety speed of robot is carefully controlled using the distance information between the robot and the blind areas as well as obstacles. Meanwhile, the optimum path is generated to minimize the cost of moving time, considering the lengthened time cost caused by speed control process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by both the computer simulation and the experiment using a real robot.
The influence of floods and herbivory on cottonwood establishment and growth in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Rose Joshua R. , Cooper David J.
Published: July 2016

Herbivory by ungulates can shape the structure and function of riparian forests. However, our understanding of the interactions between herbivores and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) is largely derived from studies of domestic livestock grazing and may not reflect free ranging herds of wild ungulates. In this study, we quantified the influence of stream hydrologic regime and herbivory by wild ungulates on cottonwood establishment and growth along three rivers in Yellowstone National Park's northern range.

Approximately 1.36 of the existing 1.37 million cottonwoods representing approximately 66% of the cottonwood stand area in Yellowstone's northern range was established between 1995 and 2008 by the largest flood sequence in recorded history. Coincidentally, the flood sequence began in the years immediately following wolf (Canis lupus) reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park. The flows caused large‐scale channel changes and provided suitable habitat for cottonwood seedling establishment and survival. Over 92% of the cottonwoods occurred along the Lamar River, and recruitment along this river appears to follow infrequent large peak flows. Soda Butte Creek and the Gardner River cottonwoods exhibited nearly annual recruitment. The resulting cottonwood biomass from the flooding events has exceeded herbivore demand. Even at relatively low consumption rates, bison are able to remove a significant proportion of total cottonwood production in the study areas limiting plant height and forage available to wintering elk. We conclude that the large cottonwood recruitment event that began in the late 1990s was due to a rare series of large snowmelt‐driven floods.
Synthesis of Homochiral CoIII– and MnIV–[2.2]Paracyclophane Schiff Base Complexes with Predetermined Chirality at the Metal Centre
Authors: Loits Darran , Bräse Stefan , North Andrea J. , White Jonathan M. , Donnelly Paul S. , Rizzacasa Mark A.
Published: July 2016

The planar chiral Schiff base ligand 2, derived from (Rp)‐5‐formyl‐4‐hydroxy‐[2.2]paracyclophane (FHPC) (1), was utilised to form a Λ‐CoIII cis‐β‐octahedral metal complex 3 with complete control of the metal‐centred chirality. In addition, a di‐µ‐oxo Λ,Λ‐MnIV complex 4 was synthesised with control of both metal‐centred and (P)‐helical chirality.
Synthesis of α‐Propargylglycinates Using the Borono‐Mannich Reaction with Pinacol Allenylboronate and Potassium Allenyltrifluoroborate
Authors: Chambers Rachel K. , Chaipukdee Nattapong , Thaima Thanaphat , Kanokmedhakul Kwanjai , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: July 2016

The three component borono‐Mannich reactions of ethyl glyoxylate, primary or secondary amines and pinacol allenylboronate or potassium allenyltrifluoroborate are highly regioselective and give α‐propargylglycinates. The (S)‐N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl imine of ethyl glyoxylate underwent an indium chloride catalyzed addition reaction with allenyl potassium trifluoroborate in a highly regioselective and diastereoselective manner to give ethyl (S)‐α‐propargylglycinate after N‐deprotection in 97 % ee.
A Mild meta‐Selective C–H Alkylation of Catechol Mono‐Ethers
Authors: Vitaku Edon , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: July 2016

Catechol mono‐ethers are an important class of phenols. They are found in a number of pharmaceuticals, flavoring agents, perfumes, and are used for the preparation of numerous drugs. Herein, we report a mild meta‐selective C–H alkylation of these phenols, which is enabled by a cascade of oxidative dearomatization – radical addition – rearomatization process. The method is compatible with reactive functional groups on the parent arenol, such as olefins and halides. Primary, secondary, and teriary alkyl groups can be used, the source of which is most commonly an alkylborane. This process is operationally simple, does not require heating and generally proceeds in good yields.