bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Meanings of Landscape: Historical Development, Cultural Frames, Linguistic Variation, and Antonyms // Los significados del paisaje: Desarrollo histórico, marcos culturales, variaciones lingüísticas y antónimos
Authors: Bigell Werner , Chang Cheng
Published: March 2020

The article presents the shifts of meaning of the term landscape in English and other Germanic languages, from territory to vista and social arena. The concept of landscape forms part of a cultural frame of reference, and changes in the cultural context also affect the meaning of landscape. The dependency of the meaning of landscape on context is shown in an overview of what landscape means in other languages: Spanish, Russian, Thai, Arabic, and Chinese. The different meanings of landscape can also be elucidated by identifying its antonyms, the anti-landscape and the non-landscape. Although commonly criticized in the academic field as being deterministic, early attempts to map the influence of landscape on culture should be re-evaluated in the current trend to understand landscape systemically. Resumen       El artículo presenta los cambios de significado del término paisaje en inglés y en otros idiomas germánicos, desde territorio a vista panorámica y área social. El paisaje forma parte de un marco cultural de referencia, y los cambios en el contexto cultural también afectan el significado del paisaje. La dependencia del significado del paisaje del contexto cultural se muestra en un resumen de lo que el paisaje significa en otros idiomas: español, ruso, tailandés, árabe y chino. Los diferentes significados del paisaje también pueden ser dilucidados mediante la identificación de los antónimos de paisaje, el anti-paisaje y el no-paisaje. Aunque rechazados generalmente en el campo académico como deterministas, los intentos anteriores de analizar la influencia del paisaje en la cultura pueden ser revalorizados en la tendencia actual de entender el paisaje de forma sistémica.
Del lago a la montaña: La traducción del sentido trágico unamuniano a través del valor simbólico del paisaje cultural // From the Lake into the Mountain: Translating the Unamunian Tragic Sense across the Symbolic Value of the Cultural Landscape
Authors: Recio Manuel De la Cruz
Published: March 2020

En la obra San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1933), la intrahistoria de las conciencias de sus personajes, el paisaje cultural y el pueblo de Valverde de Lucerna (Zamora) hacen emerger la contradicción existencial de Unamuno. ¿Cómo recoge el traductor-lector en distintos momentos históricos el valor simbólico de la naturaleza en una obra como esta y cómo lo reproduce? ¿Qué carga histórica y cultural tienen elementos como el lago y la montaña en civilizaciones como la española y la alemana? En esta obra, que refleja la paradoja humana del “creer y no creer”, la conciencia del “yo” histórico unamuniano emerge a través de una narración indirecta, en la que el simbolismo de lo rural y la naturaleza frente a lo burgués y lo civilizado representa una tensión fundamental a lo largo de todo el libro, permitiendo en la propia interpretación del discurso una rehabilitación de su sentido existencial y cultural. De este modo, la obra cobra en sí misma un valor simbólico gracias al escenario sugerido por el lago (de Sanabria en San Martín de Castañeda), el convento (las ruinas del convento de Bernardos) y la montaña (la Peña del Buitre), que representan lo más íntimo y profundo de la conciencia unamuniana en la España de la Generación del 98. Tras analizar el valor simbólico de los elementos naturales, compararemos tres traducciones al alemán de San Manuel Bueno, mártir, centrándonos en la interpretación de la naturaleza, en su sentido más existencial y cultural. Abstract In the novel San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1933), Unamuno's existential contradiction is expressed through the intra-history of the characters, the cultural landscape and the village of Valverde de Lucerna. How does the translator-reader identify and reproduce the symbolic value of nature at different moments in history? What kind of historical and cultural connotations do elements like a lake or a mountain have in Spanish and German culture? This novel reflects the human paradox of believing or not, the consciousness of the unamunian historical “self” that emerges throughout an indirect narrative in which the symbolism of nature and the constraints of the civilized world are in constant opposition. Thus, the novel gains a symbolic value due to the scenery suggested by the lake of Sanabria (in the village of San Martín de Castañeda), the ruins of convent of Bernardos and the mountain (Peña del Buitre). They represent the most intimate and deep aspect of unamunian consciousness, typical of the Generación del 98's Spain. After describing the symbolic value of these natural elements, three translations into German of San Manuel Bueno, mártir shall be analyzed focusing on the interpretation of nature in an existential and cultural sense.
Frederick Law Olmsted’s Failed Encounter with Yosemite and the Invention of a Proto-Environmentalist // El encuentro fallido con Yosemite de Frederick Law Olmsted y la invención de un proto-ecologista
Authors: Harding Wendy
Published: March 2020

In 1865 Frederick Law Olmsted read to the Yosemite Commissioners a report detailing his ideas about California’s newly reserved natural space and his recommendations for its development as a “public park or pleasure ground.” His text, “The Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Trees: A Preliminary Report,” was lost for almost a century until his biographer Laura Wood Roper unearthed it, pieced it together, and published it. In spite of the lack of response it obtained at the time it was written, Olmsted’s text is now held up as a foundational document for both the National Parks system and environmentalism. This paper investigates how the stillborn proposal came to achieve canonical status in the late twentieth century and how legends concerning it have accrued. The report has become the road not taken; it allows people to imagine what the Yosemite National Park might have remained if it had not been subject to intense development. Taken up by contemporary environmentalists, Olmsted’s text is made to authorize a myth of origins that is simpler and more inspiring than the tangled reality of events. This article analyses the report to show how the contradictions in Olmsted’s vision for the park would not have permitted its preservation in the condition in which nineteenth century visitors found it. Resumen         En 1865 Frederick Law Olmsted leyó a los comisionados de Yosemite un informe  detallando sus ideas sobre el recientemente reservado espacio natural y sus recomendaciones para el desarrollo de éste como “un parque público o un suelo de recreo”. Su texto “The Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Big Trees: A Preliminary Report” estuvo perdido casi un siglo hasta que su biógrafa Laura Wood Roper lo sacó a la luz, le dio sentido y lo publicó. A pesar de la falta de respuesta que obtuvo cuando fue escrito, el texto de Olmsted hoy se considera un texto fundacional para el sistema de Parques Nacionales así como para la ecología. Este ensayo explora cómo la propuesta sin éxito inicial llegó a formar parte del canon a finales del siglo veinte y cómo se han acumulado leyendas entorno a ésta. El informe se ha convertido en “el camino no elegido”: permite imaginar cómo podría haber permanecido el Parque Nacional de Yosemite si no hubiera sido sujeto a un intenso desarrollo. Recuperado por ecologistas contemporáneos, el texto de Olmsted se hizo para autorizar un mito fundacional más sencillo y más inspirador que la enredada realidad de acontecimientos. Este artículo analiza el informe para mostrar cómo las contradicciones de la visión de Olmsted sobre el parque no habrían permitido su conservación en las condiciones en que los visitantes del siglo diecinueve lo encontraron.
Editorial
Authors: Hoving Isabel
Published: March 2020

Editorial: Creative Writing and Arts section
Costume Shop // Tienda de disfraces
Authors: Trowbridge Terry
Published: March 2020

This poem is a meditation about distributive justice, belonging, and the habitat in my own backyard. Resumen      Este poema es una meditación sobre la justicia distributiva, la pertenencia y el hábitat en mi propio patio trasero.
After the Cyclone // Después del ciclón
Authors: Boscacci Louise J
Published: March 2020

A poem entitled "After the Cyclone". Resumen      Poema titulado "After the Cyclone".
Whole Issue
Authors: Sanz_Alonso Irene
Published: March 2020

Whole issue 9.1
Una llamada por la justicia medioambiental en El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo de José María Arguedas // A Call for Environmental Justice in José María Arguedas's El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo
Authors: Liang Shiau Bo
Published: March 2020

Resumen      Este artículo muestra cómo en su novela El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, José María Arguedas combina su voz de autor con la de figuras míticas antiguas para hacer un alegato más poderoso por la justicia ambiental a favor de los pueblos indígenas en el contexto de la industrialización del Perú moderno. A diferencia de sus anteriores novelas realistas Yawar fiesta, Los ríos profundos y Todas las sangres, que tienen una visión más antropológicamente descriptiva de los indios y sus relaciones con los pueblos colonizadores, esta novela se encuadra dentro del realismo mágico y se centra en el paraíso perdido de Chimbote, una ciudad costera. La imagen que Arguedas nos ofrece de la ciudad explotada como una mujer caída es una crítica profética, que confirma los principios del discurso de Val Plumwood y otras ecofeministas contemporáneas. Este narrador reinterpreta la figura mítica del héroe burlador (trickster) a través de una actualización literaria de los zorros míticos de la cultura Moche con el fin de crear una forma moderna de pensamiento mitológico. A través del diálogo entre dos zorros, el novelista es capaz de trascender el tiempo y el espacio para brindar a los lectores una amplia perspectiva ecocrítica del transcurso de la degradación ambiental y social que la industrialización desenfrenada produce en el Perú del siglo XX.Abstract      This paper argues that in El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo, José María Arguedas combines his authorial voice with ancient mythical figures to make a powerful call for environmental justice for indigenous peoples in the context of the industrialization of modern Peru. Unlike his previous realistic novels Yawar fiesta, Los ríos profundos and Todas las sangres, which have a more anthropologically descriptive view of Indians and their relations to the colonizing peoples, this novel adopts magic realism and is about the lost paradise of Chimbote, a coastal city. Arguedas’ image of the exploited city as a fallen woman is a prescient critique, which confirms tenets of the discourse of Val Plumwood and other contemporary ecofeminists. Although the mythical “zorros” from the highlands and the lowlands are derived from Moche culture and other Peruvian legends, in his new myth recreated in their dialogue, the “zorros” become “trickster heroes” in a modern age with their mythic voices. Through their dialogue, Arguedas is able to transcend time and space to give the readers a broad eco-critical perspective of the course of environmental and social degradation under rampant industrialization in 20th century Peru.
Mythology and Ecocriticism: A Natural Encounter Introduction // Mitología y ecocrítica: Un encuentro natural
Authors: Martin Junquera Imelda , Molina Moreno Francisco
Published: March 2020

Introduction to the special section; Mythology and Ecocriticism: A Natural Encounter Introduction
Editorial 9.2
Authors: Goodbody Axel H.
Published: March 2020

Editorial 9.2
It occurs after all: Attentional bias towards happy faces in the dot-probe task
Authors: Wirth Benedikt Emanuel , Wentura Dirk
Published: March 2020

Many studies have shown that not only threatening but also positive stimuli capture visual attention. However, in the dot-probe task, a common paradigm to assess attention to emotional stimuli, usually no bias towards happy faces occurs. Here, we investigated whether such a bias can occur and, if so, under which conditions. In Experiment 1, we investigated whether the bias is contingent on the simultaneous presentation of distractor stimuli with the targets. Participants performed a dot-probe task with either stand-alone targets or targets that were accompanied by distractors. We found an attentional bias towards happy faces that was not moderated by target type. To rule out perceptual low-level confounds as the cause of the bias towards happy faces, Experiments 2a and 2b comprised dot-probe tasks with inverted face cues. No attentional bias towards inverted happy faces occurred. In Experiment 3, we investigated whether a bias towards happy faces is contingent on a social-processing mode. Participants performed a dot-probe task with socially meaningful (schematic faces) or socially meaningless (scrambled schematic faces) targets. Again, a bias towards happy faces, which was not moderated by target type, occurred. In Experiment 4, we investigated the attentional bias towards happy faces when another highly relevant expression was present. Participants performed a dot-probe task with both happy and angry face cues. A significant attentional bias towards emotional faces occurred that did not differ between both cue emotions. These results suggest that happy faces are sufficiently relevant for observers to capture attention in the dot-probe task.
An MRI and MEG Compatible Device for the Study of Somatosensory Information Processing.
Authors: Kirsch Bryan , Holden Jameson , Francisco Eric , Dennis Robert , Tommerdahl Mark
Published: March 2020

In previous publications we have reported methods for applying multi-site vibratory stimuli to the fingertips.  Typically, this involves the use of multiple, individual vibrotactile stimulator and limitations of such an arrangement include difficulty with both positioning the stimuli as well as ensuring that stimuli are delivered in a synchronized and deliberate manner. The device that we reported is a significant improvement on multiple independent stimulators (Holden et al, 2011), and due to both the success of that stimulator and the consequent need to validate a number of findings that have been made with both that device and the precursor of that device (Tannan et al, 2007a), we designed and fabricated a four-site stimulator that could be used in MRI and MEG compatible environments. The device can stimulate four independent skin sites and is primarily designed for stimulating the digit tips. The device is similar to the previously reported device in that it is portable and is ergonomically suited for delivering stimuli to the finger tips, but it has the advantage of being MRI and MEG compatible. However, the fundamental mechanisms of the device are significantly different from the device that we recently reported since the device is piezo-based rather than VCA based. The device was tested in both MEG and MRI environments and demonstrated that no detectable signal (or noise) was introduced by the stimulator in those environments.  To demonstrate the reliability of the device for delivering tactile stimulation in a magnetic field, tactile stimuli were presented in an MRI to a single individual. The study produced results that were consistent with prior studies that produced activation of cortical ensembles.
The Peculiarities of Overcoming the Painful Nazi and Socialist Past in Contemporary Germany
Authors: Kudriachenko Аndriy
Published: March 2020

The article analyses the components of overcoming the national socialist past of Germany and the totalitarian legacy of the socialist era, identifies four historical periods, displays the fundamental difference and common features in the approaches of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic to the study of the national socialist past, and outlines a system of measures for the formation of political culture in reunified Germany. Various components of the policy of clear distancing from the Hitler regime and integration of former Nazis into new public institutions as a way to establish modern democratic foundations of Germany’s development are considered. The article emphasizes the importance of the generational change and critical public study of the painful past and an important role of the establishment of a new political culture. The growing public interest and intensive public discussions in united Germany related to the formation of historical memory are pointed out. The importance and significance of studying the GDR’s past and overcoming differences between citizens of the Eastern and Western parts of reunified Germany are emphasized. The article also outlines new approaches and visions of self-identification of a state, society and citizens based on the so-called constitutional patriotism.
The author emphasizes that the German society has established the idea that any positive historical myths cannot become a basis for the genuine development of a country and that an antidote to the repetition of the terrible pages of history is not relegating them to oblivion but immortal memory thereof. Such an approach included an appropriate set of sociopolitical and economic measures ranging from property restitution and lustration to the payment of monetary compensation to victims of the regime and creation of memorial complexes. The author hopes that overcoming the burdensome Nazi and totalitarian past will continue to serve as a powerful guarantee of the democratic progress of modern Germany.
Keywords: FRG, GDR, historical memory, World War II, national tragedy, historical heritage.
KARAKTERISTIK WIRAUSAHAWAN SUKSES
Authors: Wahyudi Koko Denik
Published: March 2020

Setiap orang mempunyai harapan yang besar untuk meraih kesuksesan dalam menjalankan usahanya. Banyak cara dapat ditempuh untuk meraih kesuksesan tersebut mulai dari memilih jenis usaha, lokasi strategis, modal yang besar, serta berbagai strategi yang lain. Salah satu jenis usaha yang banyak dilaksanakan kususnya untuk para wirausahawan yang mempunyai keterbatasan modal adalah dalam bidang kuliner. Tidak heran jika dalam beberapa tahun terahir banyak sekali usaha – usaha kaki lima yang berdiri.            Salah satu usaha kuliner yang berhasil meraih kesuksesan adalah usaha pecel lele “Lela” yang dikelola oleh rangga umara. Usaha ini bias dikatakan sukses karena selain berhasil mempertahankan usahanya juga berhasil membuka cabang di beberapa daerah bahkan sampai di luar negeri melalui system waralaba.
ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR AKUNTANSI YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP RETURN ON INVESMENT PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Wahyudi Koko Denik
Published: March 2020

Analisis kinerja keuangan perusahaan adalah penting, hasil penelitian terdahulu hasinya bervarian, karena banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi, yaitufaktor-faktor tempat, faktor ekonomi, faktor politik, faktor waktu, indikator variabel yang dianalisis, faktor ukuran perusahaan, jenis perusahaan dan lain-lain. Hal iniadalah yang menarik untuk diteliti terus dan dikembangkan sehingga mendapatkan banyak referensi tentang penelitian kinerja keuangan perusahaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab (1) Apakah variabel-variabel Ratio Likuiditas, Ratio Leverage, Ratio aktivitas dan Ratio Profitabilitas secara simultandan secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on investment (ROI) dan (2) Variabel mana yang mempunyai pengaruh paling kuat terhadap Return oninvestment (ROI). Sampel  dalam penelitian ini  terdiri dari 9 perusahaan industri makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di bursa efek selama tahun 1994 – 2011.Laporan keuangan yang diamati adalah laporan keuangan selama periode tahun 1994 – 2011. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis linier berganda.Hasil Analisis menunjukan bahwa  (1) Secara simultan faktor – faktor likuiditas, aktivitas, laverage dan profitabilitas berpengaruh  secara signifikanterhadap Return On Investmen (ROI) perusahaan. (2) Secara simultan variabel Current Rasio, Laverage Rasio, Inventory Turn Over, Assets Turn Over, dan NetProfit Margin berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Return On Investmen (ROI) perusahaan. (3) Variabel yang pengaruhnya terkuat terhadap Return On Investmen(ROI) perusahaan adalah Net Profit Margin.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA BPD DALAM PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN DESA
Authors: Adi Kaskojo
Published: March 2020

Tujuan umum negara Republik Indonesia adalah mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat. Seperti yang termaktub dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 yang hakekatnya adalah terwujudnya suatu masyarakat yang cerdas, adil, dan makmur yang merata materiil dan spiritual berdasarkan pancasila. Untuk mewujudkan tercapainya tujuan tersebut perlu dibuat serangkaian program-program pembangunan yang pelaksanaannya dilakukan secara menyeluruh, terarah, dan terpadu yang berlangsung secara terus menerus.Demokratisasi dan desentralisasi merupakan dua bentuk semangat zaman yang baru dalam arena pergolakan politik Indonesia. Lahirnya UU No. 32 tahun 2004, setidaknya merupakan sebuah garansi formal terhadap pengembangan demokrasi lokal, desentralisasi, otonomi daerah dan otonomi desa. Sejalan dengan desentralisasi arena demokrasi tidak hanya terpusat di Jakarta, tetapi juga tersebar luas ke daerah, masyarakat adat dan desa.Desa atau sebutan lainnya yang berakar pada masyarakat lokal, bagaimanapun memasuki babak baru mengikuti lahirnya semangat demokrasi lokal dan desentralisasi. Lahirnya UU No. 22 tahun 1999 yang diteruskan oleh Peraturan Daerah (Perda) di tingkat Kabupaten secara jelas mengenalkan sebuah lembaga demokrasi baru bernama Badan Perwakilan Desa (BPD), sebagai pengganti Lembaga Musyawarah Desa (LMD), kemudian berdasarkan UU No.32 tahun 2004 maka BPD yang semula kepanjangan dari Badan Perwakilan Desa diganti menjadi Badan Permusyawaratan Desa.
PENGARUH FAKTOR LOKASI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK
Authors: Hotima Siti Husnul
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah sub variabel pada variabel faktor lokasi (keterjangkauan, kelancaran arus lalu lintas, lingkungan, dan dekat dengan fasilitas umum) berpengaruh terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian pada CV. Wijaya Jember. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua konsumen CV. Wijaya yang melakukan transaksi pembelian di tempat tersebut. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 80 responden dengan metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Accidental sampling Method. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner yang pengukurannya menggunakan skala likert dengan 5 tingkatan. Kemudian dilakukan analisis data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji F (uji mayor) dan uji t (uji minor). Dari analisis tersebut diperoleh persamaan regresi: “Y = 4,311 + 0,413X1 + 0,285X2 + 0,471X3 + 0,645X4“.Dimana melalui uji F (uji mayor) menunjukkan bahwa variabel faktor lokasi (X) secara simultan mempengaruhi variabel keputusan pembelian (Y).  Kemudian melalui uji t menunjukkan bahwa sub variabel keterjangkauan (X1), kelancaran arus lalu lintas (X2), lingkungan (X3), dan dekat dengan fasilitas umum (X4) secara individual mempengaruhi variabel keputusan pembelian (Y). Angka Adjusted R square sebesar 0,624 menunjukkan bahwa 62,4% variabel keputusan pembelian dapat dijelaskan melalui keempat sub variabel pada variabel faktor lokasi sedangkan sisanya 37,6% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar keempat sub variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini.
DAMPAK PERISTIWA PEMILU PRESIDEN INDONESIA 2014 TERHADAP ABNORMAL RETURN DI PASAR MODAL INDONESIA
Authors: Feranita Nungky Viana , Hotima Siti Husnul
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dampak peristiwa Pemilu Presiden Indonesia 2014 terhadap abnormal return di pasar modal Indonesia yang direfleksikan dengan adanya abnormal return selama periode peristiwa serta adanya perbedaan rata-rata abnormal return sebelum dan setelah peristiwa.Data yang terkumpul akan diolah dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Market Model. Untuk menguji adanya abnormal return selama periode peristiwa dengan menggunakan metode one sample t-test (uji t untuk satu sampel) dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%. Sedangkan untuk menguji perbedaan rata-rata abnormal return sebelum dan setelah peristiwa dengan menggunakan metode paired sample t-test (uji t untuk dua sampel yang berpasangan) dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%.Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dengan SPSS pada tingkat keyakinan 95% menunjukkan bahwa hanya ada satu hari bursa yang menghasilkan abnormal return saham yang signifikan bagi investor yakni pada saat hari ke-5 setelah event date (t+5) serta terdapat perbedaan rata-rata abnormal return saham sebelum dan setelah peristiwa Pemilu Presiden Indonesia 2014.
PENILAIAN KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN JEMBER (BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 5 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PENILAIAN PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL)
Authors: Supriyadi Ibnu , Savitri Nikke Indah
Published: March 2020

Penerapan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2011 tentang Penilaian Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil diharapkan mampu memberikan suasana baru dan segar dalam rangka penyelenggaraan pemerintah yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Good Gevernance. Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Jember merupakan lembaga birokrasi yang fungsinya memberikan pelayanan langsung kepada masyarakat, karena mempunyai wewenang dalam menerbitkan Dokumen Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil. Untuk itu dibutuhkan kinerja yang maksimal dan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, sehingga masyarakat dalam hal memperoleh dokumen Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil dapat terlayani dengan baik.Dalam penilaian sasaran kerja pegawai sudah ada panduan dan kejelasannya, yaitu dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2011 tentang Penilaian Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan pelaksanaan kebijakan dilakukan melalui sosialisasi oleh Badan Kepegawaian Negara Propinsi Jawa Timur kepada Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Kabupaten Jember yang nantinya disosialisasikan kembali ke bagian Kepegawaian Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah dan tahap akhir yaitu mensosialisasikan kepada masing-masing Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan pelaksanaan dari peraturan tersebut, mulai diberlakukan di Kabupaten Jember pada pertengahan tahun 2014.
EVALUASI DAMPAK DAN INTENSITAS TANGGAPAN KEBIJAKAN PENATAAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Asmuni Asmuni
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini memotret evaluasi dampak  kebijakan penertiban dan penataan pelaku pedagang informal  atau sering disebut juga Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL). Kedua, penelitian ini juga memunculkan intensitas tanggapan dari aktor-aktor yang terlibat kebijakan tersebut sebagai item-item alasan (argument of term) untuk  digunakan sebagai alternatif kebijakan (policy change) terhadap persoalan PKL. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif,  strategi pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara mendalam (depth  interview),  penelaahan terhadap dokumen tertulis, dan observasi langsung.  Wawancara dilakukan kepada informan kunci dengan cara purposive. Kata Kunci: Evaluasi Dampak Kebijakan, Intensitas Tanggapan Aktor Kebijakan, PKL
Opacity Results Diesel Fuel: Bio Solar, Dexlite, Dex and Analysis Theoretical Flammability Limit
Authors: Pranoto Hadi , Suprihatiningsih Wiwit , Fadil Muhammad Idil , Zakaria Supaat
Published: March 2020

Each mixture of fuel and gas has a different flame speed. Gas will only burn at a suitable percentage of air and produce different exhaust gas opacity, opacity is a ratio of the rate of light absorption by smoke expressed in units of percent. This study aims to theoretically analyze the relationship between the flammability limit and the variation of fuel which has a different setana number associated with the exhaust gas opacity value of the engine performance test equipment. The machine performance test equipment used is the L300 engine. The methodology used is the testing of exhaust gas opacity using the Koeng OP-201 opacity meter and theoretically analyzed its relationship with the bio solar, dexlite and pertamina dex flame limits. The results of this study found that bio solar has an upper flame limit of 6.65%, a lowerflame limit of 0.53%, and an average opacity value of 12.1%. Dexlite has an upper limit of 6.70%, a lower limit of 0.53%, and an average opacity value of 10.5%. Pertamina dex has an upper limit of 6.68%, a lower limit of 0.53%, and an average opacity value of 9.21%.
New Method of Fabrication of Fe80Cr20 Alloy: Effect of its Technique on Crystallite Size and Thermal Stability
Authors: Feriyanto Dafit , Zakaria Supaat
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on the effect of the new method on the crystallite size and thermal stability of Fe80Cr20 alloy powder. Generally, the ball milling sample and ultrasonic technique sample have dissatisfaction result when applied at high temperature. In addition, the combination of both techniques not yet carried out. Therefore, this study aim to investigate an appropriate technique to produce smallest crystallite size in order to improve the thermal stability. The new method of mechanical alloying (mill) and ultrasonic technique (UT) were applied in order to reduce the crystallite size and improve thermal stability. The new method is called as combination treatment. This condition allows the enhancement of thermal stability of Fe80Cr20 alloy powder. In this study, mechanical alloying process was carried out by milling time of 60 hours. Then, the ultrasonic technique was performed at frequency of 35 kHz at 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 hours. From XRD analysis, it was found that the broader peaks indicated the smaller crystallite size. It shows that the combination treatment (milled and UT) reduce the crystallite size up to 2.171 nm when mechanically alloyed for 60 hours (milled 60 h) and followed by ultrasonic treatment for 4.5 hours (UT 4.5 h). Smallest crystallite size enhance the thermal stability up to 12.7 mg which shown by TGA analysis during 1100 0C temperature operation. The combination treatment is method which is effective to fabricate Fe80Cr20 alloy powder.
Gingival Inflammation in the Presence of Bacterial Plaque in Women in the First and Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Argüello Torres Juan Daniel , Luzardo Geoconda
Published: March 2020

Problem: Pregnancy hormonal changes in addition to the low control of the dental plaque generate gingivitis during the first and second trimester of the pregnancy. Objective: This study’s objective was to identify the levels of gingival inflammation having place in the first and second trimester of the pregnancy in relation to a low plaque control. Materials and Methods: This was an analytic descriptive transversal study in which 73 pregnant women that went to their monthly check to the “Centro de Salud Ministerial del Cantón Samborondón” during June and July of the year 2014 were tested. 32 of them were on their first trimester and the 41 left, on their second trimester of pregnancy. They were tested by the recollection in a document of information about their oral hygiene habits, oral hygiene indices, gingival inflammation and the presence of bacterial plaque. Results: 100% of the woman had gingivitis, from which 69.86% presented a moderate type (30.14% in the first and 39.73% in the second trimester). In the oral hygiene examination, 76.71% obtained a regular grade, from which 38.36% showed up in both trimesters. Finally, we found bacterial plaque in 67% of the patients with a range between 50.1-75%, being the 30% in the first and the 37% in the second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: It was found gingival inflammation in presence of bacteria plaque in every pregnant patient, showing a slightly higher intensity in the second trimester of pregnancy.
The use of digital systems for smile design in patients to whom aesthetic restorations will be placed
Authors: Morán Ramírez Ximena
Published: March 2020

At present, science has provided us with a tool that facilitates the planning for the dentist of an aesthetic and functional rehabilitation work and that also allows the patient to visualize how his work would be in the mouth. In this way the patient has a clearer picture of what he can expect from his treatment and feel completely satisfied. These tools are the different software systems that digitally design a smile. The importance of this literature review work is to inform professionals of the technological advances that are available to us, to facilitate the work of the dentist and obtain, every day, more happy patients with the result of their treatments. The main objective of this article is to make known that by using digital systems to design a smile, we can facilitate the visualization of the patient towards what their treatment

will be, and also help the professional with the planning of treatment with functional restorations and aesthetic The present literature review work has a qualitative retrospective cross-sectional approach of non-experimental design. At present, the professional could use the digital design system to facilitate the way in which the patient observes his smile design and its consequent dental treatment so as not to create false expectations. In this way the dentist can choose what type of software to use, within the brands that are in the market.
Cloud Identification from All-sky Camera Data with Machine Learning
Authors: Mommert Michael
Published: March 2020

Most ground-based observatories are equipped with wide-angle all-sky cameras to monitor the night sky conditions. Such camera systems can be used to provide an early warning of incoming clouds that can pose a danger to the telescope equipment through precipitation, as well as for sky quality monitoring. We investigate the use of different machine-learning approaches for automating the identification of mostly opaque clouds in all-sky camera data as a cloud warning system. In a deep-learning approach, we train a residual neural network (ResNet) on pre-labeled camera images. Our second approach extracts relevant and localized image features from camera images and uses these data to train a gradient-boosted tree-based model (lightGBM). We train both model approaches on a set of roughly 2000 images taken by the all-sky camera located at Lowell Observatory’s Discovery Channel Telescope, in which the presence of clouds has been labeled manually. The ResNet approach reaches an accuracy of 85% in detecting clouds in a given region of an image, but requires a significant amount of computing resources. Our lightGBM approach achieves an accuracy of 95% with a training sample of ∼1000 images and rather modest computing resources. Based on different performance metrics, we recommend the latter feature-based approach for automated cloud detection. Code that was built for this work is available online.
The HOSTS Survey for Exozodiacal Dust: Observational Results from the Complete Survey
Authors: Ertel S. , Defrère D. , Hinz P. , Mennesson B. , Kennedy G. M. , Danchi W. C. , Gelino C. , Hill J. M. , Hoffmann W. F. , Mazoyer J. , Rieke G. , Shannon A. , Stapelfeldt K. , Spalding E. , Stone J. M. , Vaz A. , Weinberger A. J. , Willems P. , Absil O. , Arbo P. , Bailey V. P. , Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Downey E. C. , Durney O. , Esposito S. , Gaspar A. , Grenz P. , Haniff C. A. , Leisenring J. M. , Marion L. , McMahon T. J. , Millan-Gabet R. , Montoya M. , Morzinski K. M. , Perera S. , Pinna E. , Pott J.-U. , Power J. , Puglisi A. , Roberge A. , Serabyn E. , Skemer A. J. , Su K. Y. L. , Vaitheeswaran V. , Wyatt M. C.
Published: March 2020

The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) enables nulling interferometric observations across the N band (8 to 13 μm) to suppress a star’s bright light and probe for faint circumstellar emission. We present and statistically analyze the results from the LBTI/Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems survey for exozodiacal dust. By comparing our measurements to model predictions based on the solar zodiacal dust in the N band, we estimate a 1σ median sensitivity of 23 zodis times the solar system dust surface density in its habitable zone (HZ; 23 zodis) for early-type stars and 48 zodis for Sun-like stars, where 1 zodi is the surface density of HZ dust in the solar system. Of the 38 stars observed, 10 show significant excess. A clear correlation of our detections with the presence of cold dust in the systems was found, but none with the stellar spectral type or age. The majority of Sun-like stars have relatively low HZ dust levels (best-fit median: 3 zodis, 1σ upper limit: 9 zodis, 95% confidence: 27 zodis based on our N band measurements), while ∼20% are significantly more dusty. The solar system’s HZ dust content is consistent with being typical. Our median HZ dust level would not be a major limitation to the direct imaging search for Earth-like exoplanets, but more precise constraints are still required, in particular to evaluate the impact of exozodiacal dust for the spectroscopic characterization of imaged exo-Earth candidates.
The Origin of Neptune’s Unusual Satellites from a Planetary Encounter
Authors: Li Daohai , Christou Apostolos A.
Published: March 2020

The Neptunian satellite system is unusual, comprising Triton, a large (∼2700 km) moon on a close-in, circular, yet retrograde orbit, flanked by Nereid, the largest irregular satellite (∼300 km) on a highly eccentric orbit. Capture origins have been previously suggested for both moons. Here we explore an alternative in situ formation model where the two satellites accreted in the circum-Neptunian disk and are imparted irregular and eccentric orbits by a deep planetary encounter with an ice giant (IG), like that predicted in the Nice scenario of early solar system development. We use N-body simulations of an IG approaching Neptune to 20 Neptunian radii (R
Nep), through a belt of circular prograde regular satellites at 10–30 R
Nep. We find that half of these primordial satellites remain bound to Neptune and that 0.4%–3% are scattered directly onto wide and eccentric orbits resembling that of Nereid. With better matches to the observed orbit, our model has a success rate comparable to or higher than capture of large Nereid-sized irregular satellites from heliocentric orbit. At the same time, the IG encounter injects a large primordial moon onto a retrograde orbit with specific angular momentum similar to Triton’s in 0.3%–3% of our runs. While less efficient than capture scenarios, our model does indicate that an in situ origin for Triton is dynamically possible. We also simulate the post-encounter collisional and tidal orbital evolution of Triton analog satellites and find they are decoupled from Nereid on timescales of ∼104 yr, in agreement with Cuk & Gladman.
Multiwavelength Follow-up of the Hyperluminous Intermediate-mass Black Hole Candidate 3XMM J215022.4−055108
Authors: Lin Dacheng , Strader Jay , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Irwin Jimmy A. , Godet Olivier , Barret Didier , Webb Natalie A. , Homan Jeroen , Remillard Ronald A.
Published: March 2020

We recently discovered the X-ray/optical outbursting source 3XMM J215022.4−055108. It was best explained as the tidal disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole of mass of a few tens of thousand solar masses in a massive star cluster at the outskirts of a large barred lenticular galaxy at D

L
 = 247 Mpc. However, we could not completely rule out a Galactic cooling neutron star as an alternative explanation for the source. In order to further pin down the nature of the source, we have obtained new multiwavelength observations by XMM-Newton and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The optical counterpart to the source in the new HST image is marginally resolved, which rules out the Galactic cooling neutron star explanation for the source and suggests a star cluster of half-light radius ∼27 pc. The new XMM-Newton observation indicates that the luminosity was decaying as expected for a tidal disruption event and that the disk was still in the thermal state with a supersoft X-ray spectrum. Therefore, the new observations confirm the source as one of the best intermediate-mass black hole candidates.
Planet-induced Vortices with Dust Coagulation in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Li 李 Ya-Ping 亚平 , Li 李 Hui 晖 , Li 李 Shengtai 胜台 , Birnstiel Tilman , Dra̧żkowska Joanna , Stammler Sebastian
Published: March 2020

In this work, we study how the dust coagulation/fragmentation will influence the evolution and observational appearances of vortices induced by a massive planet embedded in a low-viscosity disk by performing global 2D high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. Within the vortex, due to its higher gas surface density and steeper pressure gradients, dust coagulation, fragmentation, and drift (to the vortex center) are all quite efficient, producing dust particles ranging from 1 μm to ∼1.0 cm, as well as an overall high dust-to-gas ratio (above unity). In addition, the dust size distribution is quite nonuniform inside the vortex, with the mass-weighted average dust size at the vortex center (∼4.0 mm) being a factor of ∼10 larger than other vortex regions. Both large (∼millimeter) and small (tens of microns) particles contribute strongly to affect the gas motion within the vortex. As such, we find that the inclusion of dust coagulation has a significant impact on the vortex lifetime and the typical vortex lifetime is about 1000 orbits. After the initial gaseous vortex is destroyed, the dust spreads into a ring with a few remaining smaller gaseous vortices with a high dust concentration and a large maximum size (∼millimeter). At late time, the synthetic dust continuum images for the coagulation case show as a ring inlaid with several hot spots at the 1.33 mm band, while only distinct hot spots remain at 7.0 mm.
Intravenous Administration is the Best Route of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migration in Improving Liver Function Enzyme of Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Putra Agung , Rosdiana Ika , Darlan Dewi M. , Alif Iffan , Hayuningtyas Fitri , Wijaya Indriani , Aryanti Rita , Makarim Fadhli Rizal , Antari Arini Dewi
Published: March 2020

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate and transmigrate to acute liver failure (ALF) area due to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation as an attractant molecule then actively giving the paracrine signaling and or differentiating into primary hepatocytes, however the best route of MSCs transplanted to liver injury area remains unclear.

 

Aim: In this study we compare intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) route of MSCs administration by analyzing serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and bilirubin level as improvement markers of liver function and VEGF as attractant-proliferation molecule on days 2 and 5.

 

Materials and methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 200 g were used in this study. They were divided in three study groups: vehicle control, IP and IV groups. The IV group was treated by MSCs at dose 1×106 by lateral tail vein injection and IP group received 1×106 MSCs via IP injection. The level of SGPT, SGOT and bilirubin were measured by an automatic analyzer, the VEGF level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the CD73 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.

 

Results: This study showed that IV injection of MSCs was more efficient for increasing liver function than IP treatment group that confirmed by the observed significant decrease in SGPT, SGOT and bilirubin level on days 2 and 5 (p<0.001). This effect was most likely mediated by the significant increase of VEGF level (p<0.05) on days 2 and 5.

 

Conclusion: Our result conclude that an IV administration of MSCs was more efficacious than the IP administration for liver injury  regeneration. 
Traumatic Brain Injury and the Importance of Neurosurgical Care: 10-year Retrospective Study on Cadavers
Authors: Nikova Alexandrina , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Birbilis Theodossios , Zaharieva Lora
Published: March 2020

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to transport accidents is a serious cause of death and disability. In every case, however, quick response and a proper health care are required.

 

Materials and methods: We collected 10-year data retrospectively from the laboratory of forensic science and toxicology in Montana, Bulgaria with the intention to show the importance of neurosurgical care in the traumatology and its connection to mortality rate.

 

Results: 124 cadavers were included with significant male predominance. The data analysis shows that the mortality rate at the hospitals without neurosurgical facilities and the mortality at the scene of the accident is the same for traffic brain injuries. Furthermore, we found that the age has no correlation with the mortality rate.

 

Conclusion: Road injuries are the most common type of brain injury. We believe that the outcome of these TBIs depends on the availability of a neurosurgical unit.
Masculinité des chiffonniers et disqualification des chiffonnières à Paris (1830-1880)
Authors: Ibos Caroline
Published: March 2020

Observer la situation des hommes socialement dévalorisés permet d’interroger différemment la domination masculine, ou masculinité comprise non comme substantielle mais comme politique, à savoir comme un ordre de domination qui, distinguant les hommes des femmes, confère aux premiers une supériorité socialement légitimée. Fondée sur des sources littéraires et iconographiques hétérogènes, cette étude de la construction des chiffonniers au xix e  siècle, groupe particulièrement stigmatisé, montre que la masculinité qui leur est reconnue par les élites culturelles s’inscrit dans un double rapport de pouvoir : un rapport de classe qui les assigne à des formes dégradées de masculinité et un rapport de genre qui les intègre à une commune humanité dont les chiffonnières sont implicitement exclues. Ces dernières subissent à la fois le mépris des hommes instruits et la tutelle des chiffonniers autorisés à exploiter leurs corps et chargés de les soumettre à leur loi domestique.
Quand la performance du corps reproducteur devient un travail
Authors: Rozée Virginie
Published: March 2020

L’approche de la gestation pour autrui (gpa) en Inde comme travail permet d’appréhender la complexité de cette réalité. Si, depuis une perspective féministe, la reproduction est considérée comme un travail, en Inde, la gpa est concrètement organisée comme tel. Les gestatrices elles-mêmes se représentent la gestation pour autrui comme une activité salariale alternative, présentant selon elles de bien meilleures conditions que leurs précédents emplois. Mais ce travail révèle des hiérarchies et des dominations et comporte parfois des risques sociaux et de santé pour les travailleuses, liés notamment à l’optimisation de la performance de leur corps reproducteur. Si ces hiérarchies et dominations sont à mettre en regard avec les rapports sociaux de genre en Inde, l’approche de la gpa comme un travail permet d’avoir un regard beaucoup plus critique de la condition des travailleuses de la reproduction dans le pays. Certaines organisations de femmes l’ont compris : au lieu de lutter contre la pratique en soi, elles se sont mobilisées pour améliorer les conditions de travail des gestatrices. Cette mobilisation semble pour autant dépassée aujourd’hui avec le nouveau projet de loi qui vise une gestation pour autrui locale et altruiste.
Exploring Executive Presence: Leadership Traits or Skills?
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: March 2020

Executive presence frequently is discussed from a developmental and training perspective. This column explores the meaning of the concept, training, and development approaches to foster awareness of and expectations linked to its meaning, and the challenges of measuring leader-learner outcomes. Four domains for measuring improvement include ego state, focus, impact, and legend.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(4):152–154.]