bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Study of Giardia lamblia in Anbar Province – Iraq
Authors: Shahatha Suad Shallal
Published: November 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia parasites in patients who visited some of the hospitals in Anbar province, which included (Fallujah Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Hit Hospital) during by examining 864 stool samples in a direct examination method, The results revealed the infection rate was 41.7 % and the percentage of infection among males 47.8% is higher than that of females 35.4% with significant differences (p≤0.05). The age groups (1-9) years recorded the highest rates 55.4% and the lowest rate 13.6% in the age group (40-49) years. The highest rate of infection was 62.5% during the month of June, while the month of October was the lowest rate 5% and significant differences. The incidence rate in rural areas was 50.6% higher than in the urban areas 32.5%. The study also included the effect of Teucrium polium L. on the parasite in the culture media HSP-1, the concentrations of 0.5-3 mg / mL significantly affected Giardia, it was noted whenever the greater the concentration, the greater the effect during different treatment periods (1-4) days, as the highest concentration 3 mg/ml killed all Giardia parasites on the fourth day of treatment.
Formulation and Evaluation of Teneligliptine Pellet
Authors: Raju Bodhle Priyanka , Shirolkar Satish V
Published: November 2019

The present study is an attempt to formulate and evaluate Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate pellets. Teneligliptin is a potent, selective DPP-4 inhibitor, which is believed to exert its actions in diabetes mellitus patients. Teneligliptin increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose dependent manner. The Teneligliptin pellets were prepared by using blend of MCC, Lactose, Crospovidone and PVP K-30. Pellet formulation was optimized for formulation parameters (concentration of Crosspovidone and PVP K-30) using 32 factorial design. FTIR studies showed absence of chemical interaction between the drug and polymer. The pellets were prepared and evaluated in terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose and in-vitro release study. In-vitro release of drug was compared with in-vitro release of drug from marketed formulation (Dynaglipt Tablet).
ANTIBIOTIC PROFILE AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Pseudomonas fluorescens ISOLATED FROM WOUND INFECTION
Authors: Raheem Haider Qassim , Al-meamar Takwa S. , Almamoori Anas M.
Published: November 2019

Fifty specimens were collected from wound patients who visited Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital. The samples were grown on Blood and MacConkey agar for 24-48 hr at 37oC. The bacterial isolates which achieved as a pure and predominant growth from clinical samples as Pseudomonas fluorescens, were identified using morphological properties and Vitek2 system.
The anti-bacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) against was tested by (disk diffusion assay) using dilutions of (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, and 12.5‎µ‎g/ml). The (MIC and MBC) of each isolate was determined. CuO NPs shows wide spectrum antibacterial activity against tested bacteria with rise zone of inhibition diameter that is proportionate with the increase in nanoparticle concentration. The MIC of CuO NPs extended from 100-200‎µ‎g/ml and the MBC ranged from 200-400‎µ‎g/ml. The antibiotic profile was determined by Viteck 2 compact system (Biomérieux). CuO NPs‎ found highly effective and safe in P. fluorescens wounds infections comparing with used antibiotics.
Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Glibenclamide by Ion-Pair Complex in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: MAHMOOD RUAA MUAYAD , YASSEN HAMSA MUNAM , DARWEESH SAMAR  , NAJWA ISSAC ABDULLA AHMED , ABDULLA NAJWA ISSAC
Published: November 2019

Simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method is presented for the determination of glibenclamide (Glb) based on the formation of ion-pair complex between the Glb and anionic dye, methyl orange (MO) at pH 4. The yellow colored complex formed was quantitatively extracted into dichloromethane and measured at 426 nm. The colored product obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of (0.5-40) μg.ml-1. The value of molar absorptivity obtained from Beer’s data was found to be 31122 L.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity value was calculated to be 0.0159 μg.cm-2, while the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.1086 and 0.3292 μg.ml-1, respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex created between the Glb and MO was 1:1 as determined via Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation.
Evaluation of sperm head abnormality traits and anti-bacterial properties of Achillea millefolium methanolic extract on methotrexate induced albino male mice.
Authors: Mohammed Al-Ezzy Ruqaya , Abood Kholood Whayeb , Abdullah JasimAya Karim Rdeef/ Departement of Agr Mohammed , Rdeef Aya Karim
Published: November 2019

Plants have been used by people from prehistoric times to get rid of suffering and curing ailments. Plants are of the important sources of medicine and a large numbers of drugs in use are derived from plants. Yarrow, a member of the aster family, is closely related to chrysanthemums and chamomile. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) was named after Achilles, the Greek mythical figure who used it to stop the bleeding wounds of his soldiers. Decoctions have been used to treat inflammations, such as hemorrhoids, and headaches. Yarrow contains flavonoids (plant-based chemicals) that increase saliva and stomach acid, helping to improve digestion. Phenolic acids such as caffeic acid and salicylic acid are components of the bioactive compounds present in Achillea millefolium that have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This study was designed to assess the fertility and anti-bacterial activity of Yarrow methanolic extract through in vivo (albino male mice) and in vitro (antibacterial activity) studies. Results indicated that higher doses of plant increased sperm head abnormality and this lead to decrease fertility in addition to that antibacterial activity was dose dependant manner. Conclusions: Yarrow contains flavonoids and other chemical constituents which have these effects.
Detection of combination effect of silver nanoparticles prepared with Pimpinella anisum and some antibiotics on some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Abbood Hussein A. R. , Zain alabden Salah S.
Published: November 2019

This article aims to detect the effect of combining silver nanoparticles prepared with the extract of the Pimpinella anisum seeds and was obtained from the local markets in the city of Kirkuk. Iraq with some antibiotics on antibiotic resistance bacteria (E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus ) were obtained from Kirkuk General Hospital and re-diagnosed based on reliable diagnostic sources. This study demonstrates that the P. anisum seeds extract reduced the silver ion through changing the solution color to reddish brown. The examination of silver nanoparticles synthesized by P. anisum the extract of seeds was carried out using X-ray and SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and X-ray showed spherical shape particles with 44 nm in size with three diffractions which are indexed as (111), (200) and (220)and the SEM images showed clear particales. The synergistic effects of biosynthesis AgNPs at different concentrations with different standard antibiotic discs (Amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin) against multi-antibiotic resistance bacteria were also investigated. The result showed the synergistic action of AgNPs and antibiotics leading to enhance antibacterial activity.
Prevalence, practice and pattern of self-medication among medical students in Al-Iraqia Medical College, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Khalil Nawar Sahib , Haddad Reem Ali , Hassan2 Israa Talib , Tawfeeq Ruqaya Subhi
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Self-medication is increasingly being a common practice worldwide more so amongst the medical students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication among the medical students and to describe the self-reported practice and pattern of medication by undergraduate medical students at Al-Iraqia University in Baghdad city.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey. Out of 440 students enrolled, 400 (>90%) responded. The data was collected using self-administrated pretested questionnaire and then analyzed using SPSS version 18.0.
Results: During the last one year preceding the study, 85% of respondents using self-medication mostly among single students (98.2%), aged 20+ years old (56.5%), in fourth academic level (27.1%), living with their families (73.2%) and of non-sufficient income (54.7%). The main indication for seeking self-medication include headache as reported by 83.8% followed by cold and cough and fever 80.3% and pain elsewhere in body (70%). Drugs commonly used for self-medication included analgesics 89.4% and anti-pyretic 67.9%. Minor illness was the most common reason for self-medication (80.6%). 56.8% and 45% of respondents follow pharmacist and textbooks respectively as a source of information in practicing self-medication. Most of respondents practiced self-medication for themselves (57.9%) and for both; themselves and their family members (45%). Some level of awareness was reported among non-practiced self-medication students; 60% of them were afraid from risk of adverse reaction of drugs.
Conclusion: Self-medication is broadly practiced among medical students in this College. Therefore, there is need to improve the medical educational program to raise the awareness level regarding the advantage and disadvantages of self-medication to ensure safe usage of drugs.
Evaluation of Liver Protective Activity of Some Indigenous Plants Against Acute Paracetamol Toxicity in Rodents
Authors: Chaudhary Preeti , Ahmad Shamim , Khan Najam Ali
Published: November 2019

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the liver protective activity of some indigenous plants against acute paracetamol toxicity in rodents. Liver intoxication was induced by paracetamol drug at a dose level of 500 mg/kg b.w, p.o for 9 days. To conduct this study the hydroalcholic extract of Prunus persica, Calotropis procera and Canscora decussate were taken as test compounds. Methods: Rats (180-200 g) were used for all the study and they were divided into 9 groups containing 6 animals each. Rats in Group I served as normal control (distilled water) group, Group II served as toxic control (Paracetamol treated) group, Group III served as standard (Silymarin) group. The rats of groups IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX served as test control groups. Group IV, V received the hydroalcoholic extract of Prunus persica at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w, p.o respectively for 9 days. Group VI, VII received the hydroalcoholic extract of Calotropis procera at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w, p.o respectively for 9 days. Group VIII and IX received the hydroalcoholic extract of Canscora decussate at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w, p.o respectively for 9 days. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and total protein and albumin. Results: Results of this study showed that the treatment of the toxic effect of the paracetamol were significantly controlled in the hydroalcoholic extract of plants treated groups. The hydroalcholic extract of plants at 400 mg/kg b.w, showed significant reduction in elevated serum enzyme levels compared to paracetamol induced toxic group. The hydroalcoholic extract of Calotropis procera at a dose of 400 mg/kg, b.w showed the most significant hepatoprotective activity among all the test groups. Conclusion: From the results it was concluded that the all the test plants extract possess significant Hepatoprotective activity which was manifested by restoration of serum biochemical parameters to nearer the normal values. On the basis of results obtained, it can also be concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Plants seems to have hepatoprotective activity which may be due to the presence of flavonoids.
Potentially Inappropriate Medications Use in A Population of Iraqi Geriatric Outpatients According to Beers Criteria
Authors: Albaghdadi Ola , Ahjel Salam , Mohammad Hassan Morteza, Firas A , Morteza Mohammad Hassan , Rahi Firas Aziz
Published: November 2019

Aims: Elderly in Iraq kept suffering multiple burdens, as they are a truly fragile and vulnerable segment. A major public health issue among elderly is adverse drug reactions. This study is aimed at contributing in overcoming this treatment gap by determining the prevalence of inappropriate medications used by a group of Iraqi elderly outpatients. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in a sample of 85 Iraqi elderly aged ≥65 years of either gender. Participants had face-to-face interviews to answer a comprehensive questionnaire. Each drug taken by the patient was evaluated according to Beers criteria. Results: Females constituted 45.9% of the total. The average age was 69.9 years (± 4.6). Nearly 30% of the patients had 3 different diseases, and 17.8% had ≥4 different ones, with cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent. Polypharmacy was notably identified in 47.1% of the total studied population. Twenty-eight out of 85 patients did not know the actual reason of taking at least one of their medications, and 42% were not taking their drugs as directed. Remarkably, 43.5% of patients were recognized as taking at least one medication to be avoided in elderly people according to the Beers criteria. The most common inappropriate drugs were glyburide, and proton-pump inhibitors. Conclusion: There was an obvious absence of any role of pharmacists in the health care system for our studied population. Health care professionals are encouraged to review the medications prescribed for geriatric patients using updated safety guidelines to prevent the risks associated with potentially inappropriate medications.
Correlation between TGF-β1 with Immunoglobulin IgG in Patients with Periodontitis
Authors: AL-Khuzai Najla Naji , AL-Kaabi Siham Jasim
Published: November 2019

Periodontitis is a microbially driven inflammatory conditions of the gingiva causing destruction of the ligaments and alveolar bone supporting the teeth resulting in oral malodor and tooth loss. The aim of the present research was to estimate the serum level of TGF-β1 in patients with periodontitis compared with healthy individual and to assess the relationship between the TGF-β1serum and the Immunoglobulin(IgG). A total of 60 patients were included in this research and 20 individuals was healthy group. Serum samples separated from the whole blood of patients and healthy. Level of TGF-β1 was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed statistically significant elevation in level of TGF-β1 in patients than in healthy group and there was a significant correlation between the levels of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulin IgG in patients with periodontitis.
Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent
Authors: Al-kadumi Abbas Shebeeb , Fadhel Sahar Rihan , Ahmed Mohammed Abdullah , Musa Luma Amer
Published: November 2019

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.
Phenotypic Detection and Biofilm Formation among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Sites of Infection
Authors: Bunyan Ilham A , Hadi Oday M , Al-Mansoori Hussein A K
Published: November 2019

In The present study, included the collection of (100) samples from different clinical sites. Clinical samples were collected from patients who were visit and admitted All-Hilla teaching hospital at the period from November (2017) to February (2018). Cultural, biochemical and VITEK2 system were used for identification, and depending on the VITEK2 system (VITEK-2 GN Kit), revealed that twenty one (21) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered, The percentage conformational identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using VITEK2 system of (21) P. aeruginosa was (99%). Nine(42.8%) samples were isolated from burns, 5(23.8%) samples from wound, 3(14.2%) from urine, 2(9.5%) from ear swab, and 1(4.7%) sample was isolated from both blood and sputum. The phenotypic detection of some virulence factors for all isolates were detected. Detection of capsule was done by using capsule staining technique was carried out for P. aeruginosa isolates; it was found that all P. aeruginosa isolates (100%) have a capsule surrounding the bacterial cell. Hemolysin production by P. aeruginosa was studied; it was found that 12(57.1%) isolates were able to produce extracellular hemolysin on blood agar. P. aeruginosa isolates were also investigated for their ability to produce siderophores. The results showed that 9(42.8%) isolates of P. aeruginosa were able to produce siderophores. Protease production by P. aeruginosa isolates was studied; it was found that all these isolates (100%) have this enzyme as appear as a zone around the colony when being grown on (M9) media after adding of (3ml) of (5%) Trichloroacetic acid and incubation for (24 hrs.). Ability of P. aeruginosa to produce lipase has been investigated; it found that all these isolates (100%) were able to produce lipase after incubation for (48 hrs.) on egg yolk agar. Also, bacterial biofilms cause chronic diseases that are difficult to control and in the present study, differentiation of bacteria as biofilm producers and non-biofilm producers was done by using (ELISA) TCP method, a total of (21) isolates were tested for their ability to produce biofilm. From these isolates, (19) isolates were form strong biofilm, (2) isolates were form moderate biofilm.
Spectrophotometric determination of Drug Clonazepam in Pure form and Pharmaceutical Tablets by Oxidative Coupling Reaction with Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Authors: Saddam Nahlah Salman , Kadhim K H
Published: November 2019

Sensitive, simple and a Precise spectrophotometric methods were development for the estimation reduced clonazepam (CZP) in purity form and in the pharmaceutical tablets from through using potassium bromate as oxidizing reagent for the drug and Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride (CPZ.HCL) as new chromogenic reagent. That led to forms colored products with a maximum absorbance of 530 nm. For the conditions reaction have been studied and optimized. The linearity range for Clonazepam was 0.05–3.5 μg/ ml, while the detections limit 0.0061 and the quantification limit 0.020 μg ml-1. The Molar Absorptivity 1.381×104 L/ mol cm with Shandell's sensitivity 0.0228 μg. cm-2. Finally the proposed methods were successfully Appling for estimation CZP in pure form and commercial formulations.
Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Tephrosia purpurea extract on Chemically Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Reference to Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Aziz Irfan , Shrivastava Birendra , Rao Chandana Venkateswara , Ali Sadath
Published: November 2019

Tephrosia purpurea possesses hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the significant and dose dependent restoring the activities of entire liver cancer marker enzymes, diminution in tumor incidence, decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and GST) through scavenging of free radicals, or by enhancing the activity of antioxidant, which then detoxify free radicals. These factors protect cells from ROS damage in NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. Thus, present investigation suggested that the Tephrosia purpurea would exert a chemoprotective effect by reversing the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by NDEA and CCl4. Besides Tephrosia purpurea is very much effective in preventing NDEA-induced multistage hepatocarcinogenesis possibly through antioxidant and antigenotoxic nature, which was confirmed by various liver injury and biochemical tumour markers enzymes. The hepatoprotective activity of aTephrosia purpurea of 50 % ethanolic extract was studied using rats. The animals received a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine 200mg/kg body wt followed by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in a dose of 3 ml/kg body wt.Tephrosia purpureaextract dose dependently and significantly the increase in serum hepatic enzyme levels after NDEAand CCl4 treatment compared to the toxin control group. The results of this study confirmed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the Tephrosia purpurea extract against carbon tetrachlorideand N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Schiff's Bases from Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: AZIZ FUOAD‏ SALIM , JAWAD KHUDHEYER KADEM
Published: November 2019

A novel Schiff's base have been synthesized by reaction between ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) derivatives with (2-methoxyaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 4-amino antipyrine) are successfully prepared to obtain six Schiff's base through the reaction of the aldehyde group with compounds containing the amine group as a catalyst glacial acetic acid in ethanol under reflux in good yield (78–92%), the prepared compounds were characterized by were synthesized and characterized by (FT-IR) and 1HNMR, 13C spectroscopy, elemental analysis. The aim of this study is to use cheap EDTA to synthesize Schiff bases, which are thought to have effective biologic and antibacterial properties.
Amelioration of Spermiogram and Reproductive Hormonal Changes with Nigella Sativa and Eurycoma Longifolia Treatments in Rats Exposed to Lead Acetate
Authors: Assi1 Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
Published: November 2019

Aim The current study was designed to estimate the influence of Nigella sativa and Eurycoma longifolia pre-treatment and Lead acetate administration on the reproductive hormonal and spermiogram of rats.
Materials and Methods: Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats have been divided into 6 rats each. Distilled water was given to Group 1 (NC) and set as the negative control. Lead acetate 20 mg/kg/day orally for one month was administered to Group 2 (PC) and set as the positive control. Group 3 (T1) were administered 20 mg/kg LA and 300 mg/kg Nigella sativa both orally/day for one month. Group 4 (T2) were received 20 mg/kg LA and 500 mg/kg Eurycoma longifolia orally/day for one month. Group 5 (T3) were administered 300 mg/kg Nigella sativa, 20 mg/kg LA, and 500 mg/kg Eurycoma longifolia orally/day for one month.
Results: In this study, five groups of Sprague Dawley rats have been divided into 6 male rats each and grouped as follows; Group 1(Negative control); Group 2 (Positive control; 20mg/kg lead acetate); Group 3 (LA 20mg/kg + NS 300mg/kg); Group 4 (LA 20mg/kg + EL 500mg/kg); Group 5 (LA 20mg/kg+ NS 300mg/kg + EL 500mg/kg). All administrations were given daily for 30 days. The rats were euthanized and serum and epididymal samples were collected for reproductive hormonal assays and spermiogram determination. The estrogen concentration was less (p less than 0.05) in the EL treated group, whereas in the positive control (PC), the concentration of follicle stimulation hormones, as well as luteinizing hormones, were lower (p less than 0.05). Testosterone concentration was found to be higher (p less than 0.05) in the PC in comparison to other groups. The motility, concentration, and viability of the sperm were all low in the PC and high (p less than 0.05) in the treatment groups. The sperm abnormality was higher in the PC in compared with other groups.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed the preventive effect of Nigella sativa and Eurycoma longifolia administration against alterations in spermiogram and hormones caused by LA.
Study the effectiveness of (G-6-PhD )enzyme and the level of fats in peoples with leukemia
Authors: Saleh Sayran Sattar
Published: November 2019

A chemo-enzymatic study of the enzyme G-6-PhD in the blood of people with leukemia and lipid level estimation and blood tests for cancer patients in the Kirkuk city .It included 80 samples, 30 of them are healthy as a control group and 50 patients with leukemia, which was collected from the center of cancer tumors in Kirkuk and the ages (1 to 60) years old. During this study was evaluated the level of effectiveness of G-6-PhD from red blood cells by using the diagnostic kit (BioLaBo). There is a decrease in the level of G-6-PhD enzyme effectiveness, especially in the second age group where there was a clear decrease in this category compared to healthy people. In addition, serum lipid levels were measured for people with leukemia, where they found a decrease in fat levels (HDL , CHOL) and an increase of (V.LDL , LDL ,T.G). Also, some blood tests were conducted in people with leukemia. There was a decrease in the level of (HB , PLT , PCV) and increase at the level of both (WBC) compared to healthy.
Synthesize of New Ibuprofen and Naproxen Sulphonamide Conjugate with Anti-Inflammatory Study and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Omar Tagreed N-A , Mahdi Monther F , Al-Mudhafar May Mohammed Jawad , . ZainabBassim
Published: November 2019

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contain free –COOH which thought to be responsible for the GI irritation associated with all traditional NSAIDs. The esterification of this group is one of an approach to ultimate aim for reduce the gastric irritation; so in this study we synthesized and preliminarily evaluated new ester compounds as new analogues with expected selectivity toward COX-2 enzyme. Synthetic procedures have been successfully developed for the generation of the target compounds (III a and b). The synthetic approach involved multi-steps procedures which include: Synthesis of 4-hydroxy benzene sulphonamide ( I b ), synthesis of Naproxen and Ibuprofen acyl chloride and
then reacting them with 4-hydroxy benzene sulphonamide to form final compounds ( III a-b) .The structures of these compounds were identified and characterized using (TLC), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H NMR data and microanalysis (CHN). Pharmacological study as anti-inflammatory activities for the final compounds were studied in rats by induced edema type of inflammation. Moreover, the results of a docking study of compounds III a-b into the COX-2 binding site revealed that its mechanism was possibly similar to that of naproxen, a COX-2 inhibitor. The effect of them on COX-2 antibody was showed it could significantly inhibit COX-2 activity.
Study of Catsper1 Protein Levels in Unexplained and Idiopathic Infertile Men
Authors: AL-Msaid Hayder L F , AL-Sallami Alaauldeen S M
Published: November 2019

Catsper 1 is an important protein involved in calcium channel synthesis. These channels are essential for the hyperactivity of sperm flagellum, chemotaxis towards the egg, capacitation and acrosome reaction. Data analysis from unexplained infertility (n=50), idiopathic infertile men (Asthenozoospermia (n=50), Oligozoospermia (n=50)), and
Normospermia fertile men as a control (n=26). The expression of CatSper1 protein expression in spermatozoa was reduced in unexplained infertility (mean± SD. Error 64.32±2.5 and in Asthenozoospermia 46.6±2.1and Oligozoospermia 53.86±4.1 while significant increase was observed in Normospermia fertile men 115.19±2.3. CatSper1 protein expressions was shown to have a positive correlation between sperm concentration, Sperm Progressive motility percentage and sperm normal morphology present in idiopathic infertile men respectively (r= 0.822, r = 0.651 and r = 0.742). A positive correlation was found between CatSper1 protein expression and sperm concentration, Sperm Progressive motility percentage and sperm normal morphology present in unexplained infertile men Respectively (r=0.845, r = 0.576 and r = 0.582). The present study shows the importance of protein catsper 1 in infertile men and its positive correlation with sperm parameters.
Present Status of Supplemental Application Submission in USFDA
Authors: S Verma , P Misri , . Yashwant , A Haque
Published: November 2019

Objective: In order to reach to the market, a drug product has to undergo various phases of scrutiny assuring its quality, safety and efficacy. Once the experimental drug promises its safety, efficacy and quality it is permitted to be marketed by the regulator. The drug is still present under surveillance for possibility of any adverse drug reaction or any other alteration or a new indication. If any modification is to be done, then the applicant/sponsor needs to file a supplemental application. This article provides information about present status of supplemental new drug application submitted and approved to the United States food and drug administration. Materials and methods: The data have been archived from the official website of United States food and drug administration comprising all the applications approved by this regulatory agency from the year 2000 to 2016. The data has been segregated and statistically analyzed using ANOVA on the basis of different categories of approved applications. Results: As per the analysis, from the year 2000 to 2016, a total
of 69,585 applications was filed to USFDA, amongst which 9499 were original applications and 60,086 were supplemental applications.
Development and Validation of HPLC/UV-Spectrophotometric Procedures for Metronidazole Quantitative Determination
Authors: Yu Klimenko Lina , L Shkarlat Galyna , V Shovkova Zoia , D Yaremenko Vitaliy , S Shpychak Oleg
Published: November 2019

Metronidazole is the most popular representative of antiprotozoal medicines from the group of 5-nitroimidazoles. Metronidazole blocks the enzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, therefore when its joint taking with alcohol it is observed the strong intoxication syndrome and fatal poisonings too. Therefore metronidazole can be a potential object of chemical toxicological investigations. The purpose of our paper is to develop HPLC/UV-procedure of metronidazole quantification with application of the system of HPLC-analyzer MiLiChrome® A-0230 implemented in practice of forensic medical laboratories in Russia and Ukraine and carry out step-by-step validation of the developed procedure. Chromatographic conditions: Eluent A (0.2 M LiClO4 – 0.005 M HClO4) and Eluent B (acetonitrile) wereused as the mobile phase components; HPLC microcolumn Ø2×75 mm and ProntoSIL 120-5-C18 AQ, 5 μm were used as an analytical column; temperature was 40°С; flow rate was 100 μl/min; gradient elution mode was from 5% to 100% Eluent B for 40 min, then 100% Eluent B for 3 min; detection was performed at 277 nm. Retention time for metronidazole is 5.95 min. Since metronidazole is easy soluble and stable enough in the solutions of diluted alkalis 0.001 M sodium hydroxide solution has been proposed for preparation of the solutions in developing HPLC/UV-procedure of metronidazole quantification. Validation of the procedure has been carried out in the variants of the method of calibration curve and method of standard by such parameters as in process stability, linearity/calibration model, accuracy and precision within 3 different analytical runs using different batches of reagents and different glassware; experiments have been performed by three different analysts. New procedure of metronidazole quantitative determination by the method of HPLC/UV has been developed. Its validation has been carried out and acceptability for application has been shown.
Personality profiling of flying instructor and trainee instructor
Authors: Anand K , Sharma V
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Military flying entails sound psychological health along with a high level of skill and aptitude. Pilots are selected on the basis of their psychological profile, psychomotor ability, and cognitive ability. Hence, the performance of pilots can be construed as a product of skill, attitude, and personality factors. Personality factors and cognitive ability have a vast impact on the flying performance and flight safety. This acquires a whole new dimension for flying instructors, as teaching the nuances of flying to a young flight cadet is a very challenging task.

Materials and Methods:

To study the personality and cognitive profile of the special group of flight instructors, 45 instructors and trainee instructors from flying instructors’ school, Tambaram, were administered NEO five- factor inventory and four cognitive tests comprising Stroop test, symbol-digit coding and digit span-backward and forward. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance.

Results and Discussion:

Trainees and instructors constituted the sample wherein they were considered as a common group; hence, comparison between them was not carried out. The aircrew manifested emotional stability, high extraversion, willingness to experience novel experiences, low to average agreeableness, and average to very high conscientiousness. Their cognitive performance was compared with available norms for general population and was found to be above average. No significant difference was found in the personality dimensions or cognitive performance on the basis of mode of entry, stream, marital status, etc.

Conclusion:

Instructors came out to be more emotionally balanced, extraverted, and keen to have new experiences and had high conscientiousness compared to non-instructor pilots. The instructors showed above- average performance when compared to normative data provided by the test authors. It has implications for future studies with large samples and similar protocols.
Fragment Pose Prediction Using Non-Equilibrium Candidate Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Lim Nathan M. , Osato Meghan , Warren Gregory L. , Mobley David L.
Published: November 2019

Part of early stage drug discovery involves determining how molecules may bind to the target protein. Through understanding where and how molecules bind, chemists can begin to build ideas on how to design improvements to increase binding affinities. In this retrospective study, we compare how computational approaches like docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and a non-equilibrium candidate Monte Carlo (NCMC) based method (NCMC+MD) perform in predicting binding modes for a set of 12 fragment-like molecules which bind to soluble epoxide hydrolase. We evaluate each method's effectiveness in identifying the dominant binding mode and finding any additional binding modes (if any). Then, we compare our predicted binding modes to experimentally obtained X-ray crystal structures.We dock each of the 12 small molecules into the apo-protein crystal structure and then run simulations up to 1 microsecond each. Small and fragment-like molecules likely have smaller energy barriers separating different binding modes by virtue of relatively fewer and weaker interactions relative to drug-like molecules, and thus likely undergo more rapid binding mode transitions. We expect, thus, to see more rapid transitions betweeen binding modes in our study.

Following this, we build Markov State Models (MSM) to define our stable ligand binding modes. We investigate if adequate sampling of ligand binding modes and transitions between them can occur at the microsecond timescale using traditional MD or a hybrid NCMC+MD simulation approach. Our findings suggest that even with small fragment-like molecules, we fail to sample all the crystallographic binding modes using microsecond MD simulations, but using NCMC+MD we have better success in sampling the crystal structure while obtaining the correct populations.
PENGARUH DESAIN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN MELALUI KEPUASAN PEMBELIAN LAPTOP ASUS
Authors: Irawati Nika , Welsa Henny
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan hubunganÂ desain, kualitas produk dan keputusan pembelian, kepuasanÂ konsumen konsumen Laptop Asus.Populasi adalah mahasiswa program S1 Fakultas EkonomiUniversitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta. Sampelyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang.Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresilinier berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukan desain berpengaruh positifterhadap keputusan pembelian Laptop Asus, kualitas produkberpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian Laptop Asus,desain berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan konsumen LaptopAsus, kualitas produk tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasankonsumen Laptop Asus, keputusan pembelian berpengaruhpositif terhadap kepuasan konsumen Laptop Asus, desain dankualitas produk berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadapkeputusan pembelian Laptop Asus, desain dan kualitas produkberpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasankonsumen Laptop Asus.Kata Kunci:Desain, KualitasÂ Produk, KeputusanÂ Pembelian, KepuasanÂ Konsumen.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEBERMANFAATAN, PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI ULANG PENGGUNA SMARTPHONE XIAOMI
Authors: Apriyani Nuri , Suharti Suharti
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegunaan,kemudahan penggunaan dan kepercayaan dari penggunasmartphone Xiaomi terhadap niat pembelian kembali. Untukmengetahui pengaruh kegunaan, kemudahan penggunaan dankepercayaan secara simultan terhadap pengguna smartphoneXiaomi pembelian kembali niat.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa aktifSarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta yang jumlahnya 100responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner.Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier bergandadengan tingkat signifikansi 5%.Hasil yang diperoleh, Kegunaan berdampak positif dansignifikan terhadap niat pembelian kembali dengan nilai t-hitunglebih besar dari t-tabel (3,054> 1,98498). Persepsi kemudahanpenggunaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niatpembelian kembali dengan nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari t-tabel(3,336> 1,98498). Kepercayaan berdampak positif dan signifikanterhadap niat pembelian kembali dengan dengan nilai t-hitunglebih besar dari t-tabel (2,132> 1,98498). Niat pembelian kembalismartphone Xiaomi dipengaruhi kegunaan, persepsi kemudahanpenggunaan, dan kepercayaan sebesar 56,5%, sedangkansisanya 43,5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.Kata Kunci:Persepsi Kegunaan,Â Persepsi KemudahanÂ Penggunaan,Â Kepercayaan dan Â ePurchase Intention
FAKTOR â€“FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN BUMN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2015
Authors: Putra Ardian Prima , Agustiningsih Sri Wahyu , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: November 2019

This study aims to examine the factors that affect the value of state enterprises in the Indonesia Stock Exchange Year 2011-2015. State companies have an important role in the Indonesian economy. State companies also serve to generate revenue for the Indonesian government to fund the Indonesian State Budget. Factors affecting the value of state firms tested in this research are Cash Holding, Leverage, Exchange Rate, Net Working Capital, ROA, Size, and Firm Age. In addition, this study also uses control variables to test the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable of firm value. The control variables used in this study are International Trade, Growth Opportunity, GDP per capita, and Total Asset Turnover Ratio. This study uses a sample of state companies listed on the IDX 2011-2015. This research uses multiple regression analysis to test the influence of independent variable and control variable to Dependent variable. The results show that Cash Holding, Leverage, Exchange Rate, Net Working Capital, ROA, Size, Firm Age, International Trade, Growth Opportunity, GDP per capita, and Total Asset Turnover Ratio simultaneously have significant effect on firm value measured by tobin-q. The t test shows that firm size partially has a significant negative effect on firm value while other variables show insignificant results.
PENGARUH COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, PERCEIVED QUALITY DAN CONSUMER PERCEPTION TERHADAP PURCHASING INTENTION MELALUI BRAND IMAGE SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA JENIS MATIC DI KECAMATAN BANTUL
Authors: Nurcahyo Sofyan , Welsa Henny
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effect of country of origin, perceived quality and consumer perception towards purchasing intention through brand image Honda motorcycle matic kind in the district of Bantul.Â This research was conducted in the district of Bantul, sample taken 125 respondents with accidental purposive sampling method. The data collection is done by distributing questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale to measure 23 indicators.Â The results of this study showed for the first regression model variables country of origin does not affect the brand image, perceived quality and significant positive effect on the brand image and consumer perception does not affect the brand image. As for the two regression model country of origin affect positively and significantly related to purchasing intention, perceived quality and significant negative effect on the purchasing intention, consumer perception positive and significant effect on the purchasing intention, and brand image positive and significant impact on the purchasing intention.Untuk the first determination coefficient regression model was able to explain 38.9% of the brand image, the second regression model was able to explain 46.3% of the purchasing intention. Country of origin can not pass through the intervening variables affecting the brand image in purchasing intention, perceived quality can be through the intervening variables affecting the brand image in purchasing intention, and consumer perception can not be through the intervening variables affecting the brand image in purchasing intention.Â Keywords: country of origin, perceived quality, consumer perception, brand image and purchasing intention.
DO FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, INFLATION AND FIRM SIZE INFLUENCE TO FIRM VALUE ? EVIDENCE IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Sari Pristin Prima
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to get empirical proof the influence of foreign ownership, financial leverage, Inflation, firm size and firm value of firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study provides results on consumer, trade, service and investment, and miscellaous industry in IDX. This study uses fixed effect methode.This study uses E-Views to analysis the data. F test shows that high financial leverage, foreign ownership, inflation, firm size and sales growth is positively related to firm value. T test shows that high financial leverage is positively related to firm value. Moreover, High Foreign ownership is positively related to firm value. High inflation is positively related to firm value. High firm size is positively related to firm value. This study uses sales growth as control variable. The result shows that high sales growth is negatively related to firm value. This study expected that it can deliver information as references for stockholder, firm management, and goverment in making decision in foreign investment, Inflation and financial leverage.Keywords : Financial Leverage, Foreign Ownership, Inflation, Firm Value
PENGARUH TRUST, SERVICE QUALITY, RELATIONSHIP SATISFICATION, EXPERIENCE QUALITY, TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH BANK NEGARA INDONESIA PADA MAHASIWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI UST YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nur Annisa Sukma , Udayana IBN
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effect of trust, service quality, relationship satisfication, experience quality on customer loyalty Bank Negara Indonesia in Yogyakarta UST Faculty of Economics. This research was conducted at the faculty of economics UST Yogyakarta, samples taken as many as 120 people with accidental sampling method.The data collection is done by distributing questionnaires using a scale of 1-10 points to measure 22 indicators. The results of this study indicate the results for the variable trusts positive effect on loyalty, service quality positive effect on loyalty, relationship satisfication no effect on loyalty, and quality experience no effect on loyalty. For the determination of the results of this test is 13.8% on loyalty.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI (Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Wali Kota Sorong Papua Barat)
Authors: Rawi Rais Dera Pua , Arifin Abdul Kadir Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada kantor wali kota sorong papua barat tahun 2018. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawaiÂ  kantor wali kota sorong papua barat yang diambil sampelnya sebanyak 50 orang pegawai. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study ,Yaitu jenis penelitian untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel Dependent dan variabel independent.sedangkan analisis yang digunakan analisis univariat,bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Insentif yang diberikan kepada pegawai belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan,dimana dari 50 orang Â pegawai yang dijadikan sampel memiliki insentif cukup sebanyak 22 orang pegawai dengan persentase 44,0 %, sedangkan yang memiliki insentif kurang sebanyak 28 orang pegawai dengan persentase 56,0 %. tunjangan yang diberikan kepada pegawai dari 50 sampel yang diambil terdapat 25 orang pegawai memiliki tunjangan cukup dengan persentase sebesar 50,0 %, sedangkan yang memiliki tunjangan kurang sebesar 25 orang pegawai dengan persentase 50,0 %. penghargaan yang diberikan kepada pegawai belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan,dimana dari 50 orang Â pegawai yang dijadikan sampel memiliki penghargaan cukup sebanyak 22 orang pegwai dengan persentase 44,0 %, sedangkan yang memiliki penghargaan kurang sebanyak 28 orang pegawai dengan persentase 56,0 %.
PENGARUH FAKTOR FUNDAMENTAL TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Farmasi Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2005-2014)
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad Raymon , Hermuningsih Sri
Published: November 2019

This research performed in order to test influence of fundamental factor (EPS, NPM, ROA, and DER) toward stock return of farmacy companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2005-2014.The result of this research show DER have significant effect towards stock return.. And EPS, NPM, ROA donâ€™t have significance effect toward stock return. While, fourÂ  independent variabel EPS, ROA, DER, and NPM Â to have influence toward return on equityÂ  at level of significance 5% as 0,000%. Predictable of the three variables toward return on equityÂ  is 18,6%.Â  While the rest 81,4% is affected by other factors is not included into the study model.Kata Kunci :Earning per Share, Net Profit Margin, Return on Asset, Debt to Equity Ratio and Stock Return