bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Resonance of Colonial Era Customary Codes in Contemporary Uganda
Authors: Dennison David Brian
Published: December 2019

Colonial era codifications of customary law – especially those codified in indigenous first languages – have a resilient capacity to form and inform living customary law. In the context of Mukono District, Uganda, modern conceptions of customary law are informed and shaped by colonial era codifications promulgated by the British Protectorate and the Kingdom of Buganda. This research insight offers practical benefits to those seeking to promote access to justice and human rights development in Mukono District. Such benefits speak to the potential vitality and relevance of colonial era customary codifications. Misgivings about the alien influences and exploitative purposes that distorted and corrupted colonial era codes do not warrant disregard of their active legacy within modern customary legal frameworks. The use of receptive research approaches such as those developed and modelled by Sally Falk Moore can help ensure the ongoing influence of colonial era codes are not hidden by contemporary orthodoxies and biases.
The Conundrum of Judicial Notice as a Means of Ascertaining Customary Law in Nigerian and South African Courts amid the Convergence of Positivism and Legal Pluralism
Authors: Badejogbin Rebecca Emiene
Published: December 2019

The roles of the courts have become an inevitable social reality in adjudicating customary law disputes in Nigeria and South Africa. Because these courts are established and validated along positivist practice, they inevitably require the adoption of a process for ascertaining and applying customary law since the judges of these courts are not ordinarily conversant with its norms. Hence judicial notice has been adopted as one of the ways of ascertaining customary law. The conceptualisation and theoretical basis of customary law cannot be ignored in the analysis of the process of its ascertainment. Crucial to this are theories of centralism, legal pluralism and positivism. This paper therefore identifies challenges in ascertaining customary law through judicial notice in the various cadres of courts operative in both jurisdictions amid the operation of these theories and the attendant implications thereof. It elucidates the rules that guide the judge and identifies the challenges encountered in each jurisdiction based on how each law is scripted. It also contends that while positivist rules and procedure regulate how customary law can be ascertained and applied by the courts, its application must however be limited to the point where it threatens the essence of customary law.
Editorial: Determining the Content of Indigenous Law with Special Reference to Recording of the Law - Continental Views
Authors: Himonga Chuma
Published: December 2019

This special edition comprises a selection of contributions delivered at a conference hosted by the Chair in Customary Law, Indigenous Values and Human Rights at the University of Cape Town in collaboration with its research partner, the Research Chair on Legal Diversity and Indigenous Peoples at the University of Ottawa, on "The Recording of Customary Law in South Africa, Canada and New Caledonia" in May 2018.
Pre-Service Primary School Teachers’ Mathematical Reasoning Skills from Gender Perspectives: A Case Study
Authors: ROSDİANA Rosdiana , BUDAYASA İ Ketut , LUKİTO Agung
Published: December 2019

A
person's reasoning can be seen through his or her way in solving a problem. A
person's reasoning can be explored in systematic ways. This study aimed at
exploring student reasoning at the stage of understanding the problem and
looking back in terms of gender differences. The sample of this study were one male
and one female students at Halu Oleo University Kendari, Indonesia. This
research was a qualitative research. Student reasoning data were obtained using
the main instruments namely the researcher and supporting instruments namely
mathematics ability tests, problem solving tests, information form, and interview
guidelines. Subject selection was based on a gender questionnaire analysis. The
data obtained were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that there were
differences in the reasoning of male and female student teachers, in which at
the stage of understanding the problem, the answers given by the male student
was more detailed than those by the female one. Whereas in looking back stage,
both male and female performed the steps in the same way both in terms of
checking the problem solving and calculation steps.
SYMBOLISM IN POETRY OF OLEKSANDR OLES AND CREATIVITY OF POLISH MODERNISTS
Authors: Tsurkan Ivan
Published: December 2019

This article has investigated the development of Ukrainian symbolism, argued the reception of the aesthetic and conceptual foundations of the Polish symbolists in Oleksandr Oles’s works.

Oleksandr Oles, as well as Polish symbolists, was affected with emotionally unstable atmosphere of national and revo- lutionary renaissance, which explains the pessimism, feeling of weakness and helplessness in their philosophy – on one hand, and vital, extremely optimistic point of view – on the other.

This article is devoted to analyze an aesthetic heritage of European symbolists and it’s reflection in Oleksandr Oles’ s individual interpretation. Reaching of this research goal demands a comparative study of poetry of Oleksandr Oles and rep- resentatives of Polish symbolism – in particular, the analysis of symbolic concepts formed in Western European tradition. The changes of scientific paradigm in modern philology, free choices of tools lets us to delineate the tasks of the research – among them are to describe the mechanisms of establishment of Oleksandr Oles’s symbolic outlook, which determined his adapta- tions of artistic and stylistic features of this aesthetic model.

The new generation of artist who came instead of the apologists has noted the disadvantages of social involvement of literature. The views of European symbolists have been transformed on Ukrainian national ground and undergone the modifications caused by specific social and political contradictions over the history of society. It has directly determined the way of Ukrainian symbolism basing it on artistic dialogue between the new ideas in European literature and the national background.

The influences of Polish symbolic poetry, in particular works of Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, can be noted in Oleksandr Oles’s – „Ukrainian Heine’s”, as Khrystia Alchevska called him – artistic mindset.
NATIONAL AND POLITICAL MAXIMAS OF TODOS OSMACHKA’S PROSE IN A CONTEXT OF HIS SPIRITUAL SEARCH
Authors: Shalata-Barna Iryna
Published: December 2019

The article’s objective is to illustrate the need for a deeper analysis and interpretation of Todos Osmachka’s epic of the 40s and 50s of the XX century as a text in which national world-view constants accumulate. A sharp ideological and political confrontation with the aggression of Moscow, presented in the text of the Osmachka as a diachronic imprint of the national history of the Soviet-Stalinist regime, reveals the essence of the patriot-artist. The existence of the Ukrainian man, as well as the nation in general, is the only one possible within the framework of God’s world, subject to the observance of the canonical and Christian virtues and, foremost, in an active national patriotic position.

The linguistic, ideologically political textual and context reading of Todos Osmachka’s artistic prose clearly manifests the genesis of the Ukrainian mentality of the author himself.

For Todos Osmachka, Ukraine was the basis of all of his work, the imperative and the fundamental concentration of all creative and ideologically political meanings. Actually, the core of the national entity existence is the creative essence of Osmatchka’s prose.

In the person of Todos Osmachka – the poet, prose writer, translator, philosopher – there can be seen one of those infrequent cases when, unlike western existentialists, the aesthetic-philosophical concept was not only of a frame of mind declaration kind, and manifested but at the level of author’s prosaic and poetic texts, but it also found an uncompromising and consecutive embodiment in his personal life.

After the existential moduses in Osmachka’s prose have been allocated and interpreted, there frequently arises the already noticed in the literature study thought an essential issue of distinction between the specificity of the western (European) existentialism, that concentrates on the existential problems of a separate, often denationalized, individual, and the Ukrainian existentialism, which manifests itself at the “outlook-mental” level and displays a specific “existential- boundary” world view of the Ukrainian, considering and explicating the existential problems of a person first of all through the national ontology prism.An attempt at positioning the author as a Christological writer, for whom Christianity as a measurement of spirituality was one of the priority concepts of a national-ideological position.
YURIY SHEVELOV: MODUS OF SCIENTIFIC SPACE AND TRADITIONS OF KHARKOV HISTORICAL-PHILOLOGICAL SCHOOL
Authors: Shevchenko Larysa
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the linguistic activity of Yuriy Shevelov, a professor at the Columbia University of the United States, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The genesis and evolution of the scholarly views of the researcher in the projection of the Kharkiv historical-philological school, its traditions, conceptual ideas, and the circle of philologists, which determined the formation of Ukrainian linguistics from the end of the nineteenth century, are considered. The attention was paid to the scientific status of the views of Y. Shevelov on the origin, development and functional perspective of the Ukrainian language. The linguistic competence of Yuriy Shevelov, which allows him to formulate assertions about the objectivity of assigning the monuments of verbal Ukrainian culture to the national historical heritage on the basis of linguistic characteristics, and not the territorial affiliation, is characterized. The linguist’s innovative ideas on the development of the phonological system of the Ukrainian language from the Proto-Slavic foundation to the present period, which were based on a broad historical, dialect and comparative material, are emphasized. Yuriy Shevelov opposed the well-known concepts of the East Slavic (Old Russian) protolanguage, advocating the concept of the configuration and rearrangement of dialectal groups, of which Ukrainian, Russian and Belarussian developed in the process of historical development. The article deals with the personalities of Kharkiv historical-philological school in connection with the cultural evolutionism of the Ukrainian literary tradition, primarily with the creative work of Gregory Skovoroda. The legitimacy of Yuriy Shevelov’s thesis about the Ukrainian phonetic nature of the language of the works of Gregory Skovoroda, which is confirmed in scientific works of modern researchers, is proved.

Attention is paid to the high appreciation of Yu. Shevelov’s work in modern linguistics, which confirms the scientific bibliography of the main works that influenced the modern «state and status» of Ukrainian linguistics.
EXPERIMENTAL ARTISTIC STRATEGIES OF S.D. KRZHIZHANOVSKIY
Authors: Shubert Ganna
Published: December 2019

The author of the article investigates original artistic heritage – experimental art strategies which are repre- sented in short stories by Sigizmund Krzhizhanovskiy. The article gives short biographical information about Krzhizhanovs- kiy as his popularity is growing. The author of short stories is famous for his omniscience talent.

Researcher distinguishes such experimental artistic traits as creation of heroes, model of creation individual author’s myth about the world, synthesis of literature kind and sort. These traits are specificity of transitional type of thinking Krzhizhanovs- kiy’s. According to investigations of following scientists M.Epstein, M.Khrenov, Y.Lotman, V.Silantieva Krzhizhanovskiy was identified as prominent representative of transitional cultural period of XX-th century. Researcher demonstrates series of artistic traits which are similar for transitional cultural period of XX-th century and short stories by Krzhizhanovskiy: disintegration of holistic systems; variable and dynamic presentation about existence, world, beauty, true; model of chaosmos; active production new conceptions artistic model of existence and world, human and system of their relationship; eschatological tempers; plurality and multiplicity of worlds; actualization of mythopoetic art; intensification of playing experimental type.

Experimental strategies of creating heroes are the next: reconsideration traditional cultural discourse, different meta- morphosis and transformations, using artistic principal of alienation (by V. Shklovsky), active functioning of body’s code, and artistic model of substitution for lifelike heroes.

Krzhizhanovskiy experiments also with artistic coordinates of world: space and time (chronotope). Artistic world in short stories by Krzhizhanovskiy disintegrates, splits up and such situations are used for creating plurality and multiplicity of worlds and interworld, quasiworld after apocalypse.

Synthesis of literature kind and sort is a bright trait of transitional type of thinking. Short stories by Krzhizhanovskiy show original variants of metric prose. Krzhizhanovskiy uses diversity of principals for rhythmization through all the levels of artistic text. Beside, the principals of musical rhythmization are widely used in short stories. Krzhizhanovskiy coded 23-d Appassionata by Beethoven in one of his short story. The author creates complicated superstructure of the text that confirms diversity of searches artistic synthesis and experimental poetic.
THE LITERATURE GROUP „ZEWONIA” HISTORY AND FOLKLORE
Authors: Szurmińska Hanna
Published: December 2019

The article analyses the group of writers «Ziewonia», in the work and activities of which Slavophile ideas have strengthened through cycles of translations, songs and dumas. It reveals interest in the culture of the Slavic people in the 30s of the 19th century. It analyses the idea of national identity and ethnic culture using a differentiated approach to the phe- nomena of literary folklore, which becomes the main motive of «Ziewonia».

The level of Ziewonia’s comprehension in Polish science is not significant yet but still to be more learned than in Ukrai- nian science. The article is said about the first period of the XIX century which is characterized by emergence of artistic achievements as exemplified by the interaction of intercultural literature. The Romantic era encouraged the first contact and special activity of folk Ukrainians interested by young Polish writers who are called in the Polish history of literature «Ziewonia». The main representatives were Augustin Bielovsky (the critic and translator, the employee of the Ossolineum institution), Josef and Alexander (Leshek) Dunin-Borkovsky (writers and critics), Lucian Semensky (the poet and novel- ist), Kazimiezh Vladislav Wojcicky (collector of folk songs) and Ludvik Jablonsky (also the critic of Ukrainian literature), finally the Ukrainian writers called the «Russian Trinity», the organization which united enthusiastic researchers of Ukrainian folklore.

It is found out that main activities of this Slavophil group were translation and popularization of literature merits. They gave exemplary translations of important Slavic works such as: «Krolodworsky Manuscript», «Zielona Gora Manuscript», selected sonnets from «The daughters of Kollar’s fame», the significant number of Serbian folk songs, many Ukrainian poems and «The Tale of Igor’s Campaign». Folk society and folk songs were glorified and stylized.

The key findings of the research prove that deep and intensive relationships between different literacy circles (Ukrainian and Polish) collaborated the future mutual writer’s group for the next historical period.
SUPRAMOLECULARTHERANOSTIC PLATFORMS GOES GREEN
Authors: DEMİRDÖĞEN Ruken Esra , KILIÇ Derya , EMEN Fatih , KARAÇOLAK Ali , ALİ Muhammad , KUTLU Emine , YEŞİLKAYNAK Tuncay , AVSAR Gokturk
Published: December 2019

World Health Organization projected the number of deaths due to cancer alone to be ~13.1 million by 2030. To a certain extent conventional chemotherapy has been successful, but poor bioavailability, high-dose requirements, adverse side effects, low therapeutic indices, development of multiple drug resistance, and non-specific targeting have been severe limitations to its success. These limitations can be overcome via “theranostics” as it is precision medicine providing simultaneous diagnosis, targeted treatment and monitoring. Here the major actor is the drug –the therapeutic compound. It is importance to develop new green chemistries and technologies to produce supramolecular nanomedicines by employing appropriate inorganic and organic structures as theranostic platforms. SrMoO4:Eu3+- MCM-41-ɣ-Fe2O3 composite was synthesized and characterized via FT-IR and XRD techniques. XRD pattern of SrMoO4:Eu3+- MCM-41-ɣ-Fe2O3 composite shows the presence of SrMoO4 (PDF card No: 01-075-4312), γ-Fe2O3 (PDF card no: 00-013-0458) and amorphous SiO2 structures. The drug loading was investigated via TG systems. The amount of Ibuprofen loaded in the drug loaded SrMoO4:Eu3+-MCM-41-ɣ-Fe2O3 microstructures, which were calculated from the TG curves, was found to be 14%. The release behavior of ibuprofen from SrMoO4:Eu3+- MCM-41-ɣ-Fe2O3-Ibu was investigated in the PBS solution at pH = 7.4 and at 37 oC for 66 h. In the first 8 h., Ibuprofen is released on the surface absorbed and clinging to weak interactions. After than, Slow release of ibuprofen attached to the pores was observed.
ACASO, CHANCE, FORTUNA E AZAR: IMAGENS DA TYCHE NO PENSAMENTO GREGO ANTIGO
Authors: De Assis Jean Felipe
Published: December 2019

A Fortuna possui uma sólida e significativa tradição ao longo do pensamento latino, herança de variadas mediações feitas entre a ideia grega de Tyche e a agência humana desde o período arcaico. Restringir-se-á nossa exposição aos fragmentos presentes no pensamento helênico, embora esses possuam certas características desenvolvidas posteriormente. Delinear-se-ão, portanto, alguns fragmentos textuais que possam evidenciar usos específicos do termo Tyche na antiguidade grega. Diante das múltiplas obras e das variadas maneiras de abordar uma pesquisa sobre esse termo, selecionam-se algumas recorrências nas odes de Píndaro, sucintas reflexões nos tragediógrafos Ésquilo e Eurípedes, menções particulares no pensamento de Platão e Aristóteles, assim também uma seleção de casos nas Fábulas de Esopo. A Tyche apresenta-se em diversas áreas do pensamento e perpassa variados estratos na sociedade helênica antiga. É pensada mediante imagens sem qualquer possibilidade de racionalização ou entendimento de suas ações.
Globalization and Job Insecurity in Danish Firms: A Multilevel Study
Authors: Raeder Sabine , Bamberger Simon Grandjean , Nielsen Peter , Nielsen René Nesgaard , Larsen Anelia , Vinding Anker Lund , Fonager Kirsten , Ryom Pia , Omland Øyvind
Published: December 2019

Globalization is on the agenda as a cause of job insecurity, but knowledge regarding the relationship between globalization, management practices, and employee job insecurity is in fact limited. This study aims to investigate this multilevel association, defining globalization by the interrelated aspects of competition, liberalization, and technological innovation, and management by offensive practices such as external collaboration, organizational change, numerical flexibility, and work intensification. Questionnaire data were collected in 2010 from 3392 employees of 569 Danish companies and analyzed with multilevel modeling. The results show that international collaboration and numerical flexibility are associated with higher job insecurity. The level of job insecurity varies with occupational position, age group, and company size. Because globalization and the management of globalization are associated with employee job insecurity, companies should react in a timely way to globalization pressures: for example, by involving employees, communicating clearly, and supporting employees with lower education.
Desenmascarando a los impostores: Los médicos profesionales y su lucha contra los falsos médicos en Perú
Authors: Palma Patricia , Ragas José
Published: December 2019

La caracterización de sanadores no-titulados como “charlatanes” o “impostores” ha influido notablemente en cómo han sido percibidos por la opinión pública y en las investigaciones académicas. Se creó, entonces, una división entre los médicos profesionales y aquellos que adquirieron su conocimiento de modo tradicional y no-académico. Este artículo cuestiona la supuesta división entre dichos especialistas en el campo de la salud para ofrecer un cuadro más complejo y rico de prácticas locales a partir del caso peruano. A partir, sobre todo, de correspondencia de la Facultad de Medicina de Lima y de avisos en periódicos, reconstruimos la dinámica de las autoridades médicas en sus intentos, muchas veces infructuosos, de contener y excluir a sanadores de origen asiático, europeo o local. Para ello, estudiamos dos artefactos diseñados para legitimar y monitorear a los médicos formados profesionalmente: los títulos o diplomas y las listas de graduados, predecesores de nuestros modernos documentos de identidad y bases de datos.
Sialyl Lewis(a): a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen involved in adhesion and metastatic potential of cancer cells.
Authors: Ugorski Maciej , Laskowska Anna
Published: December 2019

Neoplastic transformation is often associated with characteristic changes in the expression of the sialyl Lewis(a) and sialyl Lewis(x) antigens, representing typical tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. High amounts of sialyl Lewis(a) are present in human adenocarcinomas of the colon, pancreas and stomach. A growing amount of data suggests that this carbohydrate structure is the ligand for E-selectin. Sialylated Lewis structures present on the surface of tumor cells are carried by the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. There are several lines of evidence showing that sialyl Lewis(a) is responsible for the adhesion of human cancer cells to endothelium. E-selectin present on endothelial cells mediates these interactions. Selectins and their carbohydrate ligands can thus play an important role in the selective homing of tumor cells during metastasis. However, the presence of sialyl Lewis(a) antigen on the surface of tumor cells and their adhesion to E-selectin-expressing cells in in vitro adhesion assay by itself can not be directly related to metastatic properties of all cancer cells.
Expression of PiT1 and PiT2 retroviral receptors and transduction efficiency of tumor cells.
Authors: Grabarczyk Piotr , Wysocki Piotr J , Gryska Katarzyna , Mackiewicz Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Recombinant retroviral vectors are still the most common gene delivery vehicles for gene therapy purposes, especially for construction of genetically modified tumor vaccines (GMTV). However, these vehicles are characterized by relatively low titre and in the case of many tumor cell lines, low transduction efficiency. We constructed bicistronic retroviral vector pseudotypes of amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV), encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a rapid and easily detectable reporter gene. Transduction of five different human melanoma and four renal carcinoma cell lines by these two virus pseudotypes revealed differences in transduction efficiency, which wase markedly lower for the renal carcinoma cell lines. Stimulation of retroviral receptor expression (PiT1 and PiT2) by phosphate depletion induced a limited increase of receptor mRNA levels, but did not improve the gene transfer efficiency. In contrast, simultaneous transduction with both vector pseudotypes markedly increased the transduction efficiency, compared to GaLV or A-MuLV alone. The same effect could be achieved by several repeated exposures of target cells to fresh vector preparation. Overexpression of GaLV receptor (PiT1) in target cells significantly increased the transduction rate and enabled retrovirus mediated gene transfer into the cells which normally are not transducible by GaLV pseudotypes. We demonstrated that, using different transduction strategies, the relatively inefficient, widely used retroviral vector systems could be significantly improved.
Germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene predisposing to breast and ovarian cancers in Upper Silesia population.
Authors: Grzybowska Ewa , Siemińska Marzena , Zientek Helena , Kalinowska Ewa , Michalska Jadwiga , Utracka-Hutka Beata , Rogozińska-Szczepka Jadwiga , Kaźmierczak-Maciejewska Maria
Published: December 2019

Germline mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes predispose their carriers to breast or/and ovary cancers during their lifetime. The most frequent mutations: 5382insC, 185delAG, C61G and 4153delA in BRCA1, and 6174delT and 9631delC in BRCA2 were studied in a group of 148 probands admitted for genetic counseling, using allele-specific amplification (ASA) PCR test. Fifteen carriers of three different mutations: 5382insC, 185delAG and C61G in BRCA1 were found. Two families carried the 185delAG mutation and additional two C61G in BRCA1. Nobody carried the mutation 4153delA in BRCA1 nor 6174delT or 9631delC in BRCA2. Most of the carriers of a germline mutation were observed among the patients who developed bilateral breast cancer (17%). The lowest frequency of the germline mutations was found in the healthy persons who had two or more relatives affected with breast or ovarian cancer.
Side-chain modified vitamin D analogs require activation of both PI 3-K and erk1,2 signal transduction pathways to induce differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Authors: Marcinkowska Ewa , Kutner Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Synthetic analogs of vitamin D for potential use in differentiation therapy should selectively regulate genes necessary for differentiation without inducing any perturbations in calcium homeostasis. PRI-1906, an analog of vitamin D2, and PRI-2191, an analog of vitamin D3 bind nuclear vitamin D receptor (nVDR) with substantially lower affinity than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), but have higher differentiation-inducing activity as estimated in HL-60 leukemia cellmodel. To examine how their increased differentiation-inducing activity is regulated we tested the hypothesis that membrane-mediated events, unrelated to nVDR, take part in the differentiation in response to PRI-1906 and PRI-2191. The induction of leukemia cell differentiation in response to the analogs of vitamin D was inhibited by LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor), PD98059 (inhibitor of MEK1,2, an upstream regulator of extracellular-signal regulated kinase) and rapamycin (p70S6K inhibitor) pointing out that activation of signal transduction pathways unrelated to nVDR is necessary for differentiation. On the other hand, inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 accelerated the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by either 1,25-D3 or by the vitamin D analogs suggesting possible existence of a feedback loop between extracellular-signal regulated kinases and phospholipase A2.
A novel Gly to Arg substitution at position 388 of the alpha1 chain of type I collagen in lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta.
Authors: Galicka Anna , Wolczynski Slawomir , Lesniewicz Ryszard , Chyczewski Lech , Gindzienski Andrzej
Published: December 2019

Cultured skin fibroblasts from a proband with a lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta produce two forms of type I collagen chains, with normal and delayed electrophoretic migration; collagen of the proband's mother was normal. Peptide mapping experiments localized the structural defect in the proband to alpha1(I) CB8 peptide in which residues 123 to 402 are spaned. Direct sequencing of amplified cDNA covering this region revealed a G to A single base change in one allele of the alpha1(I) chain, that converted glycine 388 to arginine. Restriction enzyme digestion of the RT-PCR product was consistent with a heterozygous COL1A1 mutation. The novel mutation conforms to the linear gradient of clinical severity for the alpha1(I) chain and results in reduced thermal stability by 3 degrees C and intracellular retention of abnormal molecules.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and aminoacylation of tRNA in the nucleus.
Authors: Mucha Piotr
Published: December 2019

This review is focused on findings concerning the presence of translation apparatus components (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, aminoacyl-tRNA, elongation factors) as well as translation itself in the nucleus. A nuclear role of these molecules is unknown. New findings suggest that well-accepted model of spatial segregation of transcription and translation in eukaryotic cell may be oversimplifcation. Nuclear coupling of both these processes show us how exciting and surprising may be the world of the living cell.
Comparative in vitro studies on liposomal formulations of amphotericin B and its derivative, N-methyl-N-D-fructosyl amphotericin B methyl ester (MFAME).
Authors: Cybulska Barbara , Kupczyk Karolina , Szlinder-Richert Joanna , Borowski Edward
Published: December 2019

N-Methyl-N-D-fructosyl amphotericin B methyl ester (MFAME) is a semisynthetic derivative of the antifungal antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB). In contrast to the parent antibiotic, the derivative is characterised by low toxicity to mammalian cells and good solubility in water of its salts. Comparative studies on biological properties of free MFAME, AMB and their liposomal formulations were performed. To obtain liposomal forms, the antibiotics were incorporated into small unilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and DMPC:cholesterol or ergosterol, 8:2 molar ratio. The effectivity of the liposomal and free forms of AMB and MFAME were compared by determination of fungistatic and fungicidal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10261, potassium release from erythrocytes, and haemolysis. The results obtained indicate that in contrast to AMB, incorporation of MFAME into liposomes did not further improve its selective toxicity. Studies on the antagonistic effect of ergosterol and cholesterol on the antifungal activity of the antibiotics indicated that sterol interference was definitely less pronounced in the case of MFAME than in the case of AMB.
Cytotoxic effect of nitric oxide on human hematological malignant cells.
Authors: Tsumori Michihiro , Tanaka Junko , Koshimura Kunio , Kawaguchi Mikiko , Murakami Yoshio , Kato Yuzuru
Published: December 2019

We investigated the cytotoxic effect of nitric oxide (NO) on primary culture of human hematological malignant cells. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, had cytotoxic effects on the cells of some patients with malignant lymphoma (ML), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), but not with multiple myeloma. Cultured cells from the ML patient remained sensitive to SNP after the cells became resistant to anti-cancer drugs. In contrast, the cells from the patients with AML and CMMoL became resistant to SNP while anti-cancer drugs remained effective. In samples of the cells of the patients with ML and AML, the number of CD3 positive lymphoma cell was decreased by SNP and the number of CD33 negative cells and normal B lymphocytes (CD19 positive cells) were increased. In the cells of the patient with ML, apoptosis was induced by SNP. SNP had no effect on lymphocytes of healthy volunteers. These results suggest that SNP had an anti-tumor effect on human hematological malignant cells.
The analysis of structure-anticancer and antiviral activity relationships for macrocyclic pyridinophanes and their analogues on the basis of 4D QSAR models (simplex representation of molecular structure).
Authors: Kuz'min Victor E , Artemenko Anatoly G , Lozitsky Victor P , Muratov Eugene N , Fedtchouk Alla S , Dyachenko Natalia S , Nosach Lidiya N , Gridina Tatiyana L , Shitikova Larisa I , Mudrik Liubov M , Mescheriakov Aleksey K , Chelombitko Vladislav A , Zheltvay Andrey I , Vanden Eynde Jean-Jaques
Published: December 2019

A new 4D-QSAR approach has been considered. For all investigated molecules the 3D structural models have been created and the set of conformers (fourth dimension) have been used. Each conformer is represented as a system of different simplexes (tetratomic fragments of fixed structure, chirality and symmetry). The investigation of influence of molecular structure of macrocyclic pyridinophanes, their analogues and certain other compounds on anticancer and antiviral (anti-influenza, antiherpes and antiadenovirus) activity has been carried out by means of the 4D-QSAR. Statistic characteristics for QSAR of PLS (partial least squares) models are satisfactory (R = 0.92-0.97; CVR = 0.63-0.83). Molecular fragments increasing and decreasing biological activity were defined. This information may be useful for design, and direct synthesis of novel anticancer and antiviral agents.
Various cationic carriers for in vitro transfection of tumor and endothelial cell lines.
Authors: Zemlińska Barbara , Sochanik Aleksander , Missol-Kolka Ewa , Szala Stanisław
Published: December 2019

We compared the efficiency of in vitro DNA transfer into selected tumor and endothelial cell lines using complexes of plasmid DNA and cationic carriers: DDAB/DOPE, DC-Chol/DOPE, Arg-Chol/DOPE, Gly-Chol/DOPE, Arg-Gly-Chol/DOPE, BGTC/DOPE, and PEI. The best carriers for transfecting the majority of tested cells lines at optimized carrier-to-DNA weight ratios were PEI and BGTC/DOPE.
Evaluations of the quali ty of “pata-de-vaca” (Bauhinia forficata Link) sold in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Joyce Cabral , Santiago Brilhante de Albuquerque Elaine , De Macêdo Vieira Ana Cláudia
Published: December 2019

The genus Bauhinia L. (Leguminosae), popularly known as “pata-de-vaca”, presents wide diversity in Brazil and comprises both native and exotic species. The species is most widely known in popular medicine is the Bauhinia forficata Link, it´s also called “true pata-de-vaca”, and it consists of a small tree whose leaves are used in the form of infusions to treat diabetes. Since the genus Bauhinia has characteristic bilobed leaves, traditional phytotherapeutic products that should be composed of B. forficata leaves are often falsified by replacing them with other species of the genus. We acquired samples of 10 different commercial packages of “pata-de-vaca” being sold as herbal drugs in various regions of Brazil and analyzed them in terms of their macro and microscopic composition. For comparison, we conducted a morpho-anatomical study of the leaves from the standard species and analyzed the scientific literature. The packages themselves and the labels were evaluated based on ANVISA health authority standards. Almost all leaf samples had anatomical characters different from the standard leaf, indicating they were not authentic. In addition, all of the packages contained contaminants. Thus, all samples were rejected based on the criteria above. These types of products, in addition to misinformed consumers, can present considerable risks to their health.
Evaluation of the residual nitrogen effect liberated by the soybean straw on the maize yield in the second crop
Authors: FIORINI IVAN VILELA ANDRADE , Pereira Cassiano Spaziani , PEREIRA HELCIO DUARTE , RESENDE FELIPE RIBEIRO , RESENDE EWERTON LELYS , Silva Adriano Alves da
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nitrogen (N) liberated by the early soybean straw, inoculated in function of dosage and application means of the inoculant, over the vegetative growth and grain yield of second crop corn, in succession. The hybrid corn Land® was sowed in January 1st, 2017 over the soybean straw from a former experiment in Sinop (MT). The trial design used was randomized blocks (DBC) with four replications and ten treatments. For the soybean treatments: witness without N application (only inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii); for the other treatments, it has been applied the dosage of 10 kg ha-1 of N in different phenological stages and ways of application (by haul at sowing; in V2 by haul and leaf fertilization; in V4 by haul and leaf fertilization; in R1 by haul and leaf fertilization; in R2 by haul and leaf fertilization). Plant height, stalk diameter, total chlorophyll and grain yield were evaluated. The N mineralization from the soybean straw is not enough to fulfill the corn N demand. Even though there were no significant differences among the treatments, the N application in V2 and R1 stages, by topdressing on former soybean, provided the highest grain yield of corn.
Sumário
Authors: Agrogeoambiental Revista
Published: December 2019

Sumário
A STUDY ON RIGHT TO EDUCATION (RTE) ACT, 2009 AND ITS COMPLIANCE IN SCHOOLS OF GOLAGHAT DISTRICT OF ASSAM
Authors: Kar Neha
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the present research is to find out the awareness as well as compliance of various schools under SSA (2001) and other relevant Acts with the various government guidelines in the education sector. The major factors which are being identified for the survey are likely pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure, health and hygiene and training provided to SMC’s.

Methodology: In conducting the following survey, descriptive research and convenience sampling has been employed. To study the current compliance of various schools under SSA (2001), a structured questionnaire has been prepared. The final questionnaire has been prepared after including various compliances on the aspects of Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Infrastructure, Health and Hygiene and SMC training. The data collected was systematically tabulated and analyzed qualitatively.

Main Findings -The findings of the study revealed that the majority of schools in Golaghat district have very less provision for visually impaired/ low vision children and children’s magazines, newspapers and other kinds of books in the library are missing within the school premises. The lack of provisions of uninterrupted running water has proved to be a major hindrance in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the schools of the district. As far as other infrastructural conditions are concerned most of the schools surveyed lacks separate classrooms and basic facilities like separate rooms for the headmaster, staff room for teachers, computer room, sports equipment and space for assembly.

Application of the study: The results of the research can be used by the child rights commission of concerned state who has the responsibility of monitoring RTE act implementation in all the schools of the state and based on the findings of the study they can make a necessary intervention to implement the RTE act.

Novelty and originality of the study: In this research, RTE compliance of various schools under SSA (2001), is studied using a structured questionnaire by considering major factors likely pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure, health and hygiene and training provided to School Management Committees (SMC).
ABOUT THE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE PROTAGONIST EVOLUTION AT THE END OF THE NOVEL "MRS. GOLOVLEVY'S" BY M. E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN
Authors: A. Kolesnikov Andrei
Published: December 2019

Purpose: According to the author of the article the end of the novel “Mrs. Golovlevy's” was the first attempt by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin to show the destructive power of spiritual devastation and to prove the possibility of saving the human soul for Eternal Life according to the Christian tradition. The motives of Repentance and spiritual Resurrection appear, which are new to Saltykov’s creativity. This becomes possible both due to “external” factors (Shchedrin’s life events not directly connected with the work) and “internal” factors (expressed in the embodiment of the author's personal traits in Porphyry Golovlev). The article is devoted to the determination of the reasons that influenced the evolution of the protagonist in the final novel.

Methodology: The methodology has been used in the article are the questionary filled scrutinizing different articles in the field. All chapters, one by one has been studied thoroughly and analyzed through the investigation.

Results: In this study, it has been attempted to identify the most significant characteristics of the ideological and spiritual foundations of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin's creativity, which led to the evolution of the protagonist in the finale of the novel "Mrs. Golovlevs".

Implications/Applications: the application of this study is introducing the novel to its reader and also the further study of its characterization.

Novelty/Originality: The novelty of this study is in the method implemented to prepare the questions in the survey to stimulate the audiences to answer.
Derechos humanos: un valor imprescindible sin solución definitiva. Un debate desde el concepto de los Wicked problems
Authors: Herrera-Kit Patricia
Published: December 2019

En un contexto en el que los derechos humanos, entendidos como uno de los temas centrales de las democracias modernas, sugiere tener importantes y, tal vez, suficientes avances en cuanto al acervo normativo previsto para su protección y exigibilidad desde la perspectiva jurídica, el presente documento traslada su centro de atención hacia los desafíos que su garantía representa para el sistema político que está llamado a gestionar políticas, pro­yectos y programas en derechos humanos. Una obligación que, si bien se constituye en uno de los pilares y finalidades del Estado, al menos el colombiano, no por eso resulta una tarea evidente por las características particu­lares del asunto por ser gestionado, en este caso, los derechos humanos (DD.HH.). En este orden de ideas, el presente artículo busca demostrar que, aunque los DD.HH. son el me­canismo indispensable de compensación de las sociedades funcionalmente diferenciadas, también podrían satisfacer características de un wicked problem para la administración que procura realizarlos a través de sus programas. Con este propósito, en un primer aparte, con base en la teoría general de los sistemas sociales, se esboza la función de los DD.HH. en las so­ciedades contemporáneas. A continuación, se delimitan los rasgos distintivos del concepto de los wicked problems propio del análisis de las políticas públicas. Finalmente, a partir de la revisión de los Planes de Acción en Derechos Humanos de 17 países, se pretende caracterizar los DD.HH. a la luz del contenido del concepto de wicked problem.
Estimation of the residual strength resource of machines
Authors: Kishtykov Kh.B.
Published: December 2019

For objective reasons, machines experience short-term overload, which can lead to damage or destruction of the structure. Under these conditions, it is important to estimate the residual resource of machine fatigue characteristics. For this purpose in engineering practice the method of single overloads (from a high level to low) is widely used. The method allows simulating a mode of adverse irregular loading. Single overload at a level exceeding the initial endurance limit for a certain number of cycles reduces the endurance limit and the residual resource of the structure durability. The empirical dependences proposed in the literature for estimating the relative decrease in endurance limits from the overload coefficient and the cyclic ratio give a complete decrease in the secondary endurance limit at a cyclic ratio equal to one. This is inconsistent with experimental results indicating the existence of a marginal reduction in secondary endurance limits. The formula allowing to correct slightly these dependences and to describe marginal decrease of secondary endurance limits, also under some conditions gives full decrease of secondary endurance limits or loses physical sense. Although the dependence proposed for titanium alloys gives a marginal reduction in the secondary endurance limits other than zero, it determines the anomalous nature of the asymptotic curve which does not correspond to numerous experimental data and mathematical models of damage. Earlier, the author has developed a mathematical model of single overloads and on its basis he has performed an estimation of the residual resource of machine durability based on the results of statistical tests of laboratory samples. In this paper, this model is used to estimate the residual structural strength of machines. The calculated dependences are proposed that satisfactorily describe the experiment and are free from the above shortcomings. These relations can be recommended for implementation in the practice of engineering calculations.
Experimental investigation of density and thermal capacity of liquid pure hydrazine
Authors: Altunin V.A. , Davlatov N.B. , Zaripova M.A. , Safarov M.M. , Aliev I.N. , Yanovskaya M.L.
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of experimental investigation concerning density and thermal capacity of liquid pure hydrazine undergoing natural convection when heated to Т = 293…560 K and subjected to pressure р = 0.101 MPa. We compare the results obtained to results published previously elsewhere, revealing inaccuracies in equations used to compute density and thermal capacity. Analysing the experimental results obtained enabled us to develop new equations that ensure highly accurate computations of density and thermal capacity of liquid pure hydrazine. This submission becomes extremely important, as pure liquid hydrazine is widely used in expendable and non-expendable liquid rocket engines, especially in expendable and non-expendable low-thrust liquid rocket engines and liquid micro-rocket engines, which makes it impossible to develop and build novel promising engines without accurate equations for computing density, thermal capacity and other thermophysical properties of the fuel. Moreover, the investigation results and the innovative accurate equations derived by the authors allow us to conduct other experimental studies dedicated to increasing the density and other thermophysical properties of liquid pure hydrazine, for example, by means of introducing dry fullerenes into the hydrazine or employing electrostatic fields, which will be further described in detail in the papers to follow.
Assessment of the reliability of aerosol pollution monitoring in the atmosphere by comparing the results of lidar sensing data processing and local sampling
Authors: Kolgotin A.V.
Published: December 2019

Data measured with remote (lidar) sensing and in situ during ORACLES campaign in 2016 became publically accessible. Inversion of the data measured with lidar and including the aerosol backscatter coefficients at 355, 532 and 1064 nm and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm is carried out in the study. Airborne high spectral resolution lidar was used in the measurements. Specially developed regularization algorithm is applied to invert the lidar data into aerosol optical and microphysical parameters. In frame of ORACLES campaign the aerosol optical and microphysical parameters were measured in situ as well. In situ and remote (lidar) measurements were spatially and temporarily co-located. In situ results are used to validate the inversion of lidar data with regularization algorithm. Uncertainties of 25% for effective radius, number and volume concentrations, 0.05 and 0.005 for real and imaginary parts of complex refractive index respectively and 0.05 for single scattering albedo are validated with reliability 90%.