bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective norms and modern contraceptive use in men and women: A multilevel analysis of DHS Program data in Nigeria and Zambia
Authors: Riese Sara , Assaf Shireen , Edmeades Jeffrey , Aladejebi Oluwatoyin , Phiri Million
Published: March 2023

Background: Social norms have long been understood as essential for demographic preferences, intentions and behavior, despite a lack of consistent definitions and measures in the field. Recent work has more clearly defined these norms, both at the individual and community/collective levels. However, past research on the effect of social norms on contraceptive use has focused mainly on the influence of individual-level norms, largely among women only, contributing to mixed findings.

Methods: This study addresses this gap through the use of multilevel models to identify associations between collective gender, fertility, and family planning norms and individual use of modern contraceptives for both men and women, using recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Nigeria and Zambia. Multiple measures of variation, including community-level random effects and the intraclass correlation, are calculated, providing evidence of the general effect of community factors on behavior.

Results: Our findings support the importance of social, demographic and economic context on how collective gender, fertility, and family planning norms relate to modern contraceptive use. Different social norms are associated with use in the two countries, and, even within the same country, men and women’s use are influenced by different norms. Among the examined norms, only collective fertility norms were associated with use for all the groups examined, consistently associated with lower use of modern contraception. Overall, clustering at the community level explained a larger proportion of variance in individual use in men compared to women, suggesting that men’s behavior was more consistently associated with the measured social norms than women’s.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that careful attention should be paid to understanding and measuring social norms when considering programs or policy around the provision of modern contraception and that these should not assume that social norms influence men and women’s behaviors in the same way.
Communication training based on movies
Authors: Braslavskaya E.A.
Published: March 2023

Электронный учебный курс “Коммуникативный тренинг на основе видеофильмов” разработан в LMS Moodle и предназначен для дистанционной поддержки самостоятельной работы студентов в высшем учебном заведении различных направлений подготовки. Целью курса является подготовка обучающегося, владеющего основами коммуникации на иностранном языке через активизацию лексико-грамматического материала из видеофильмов.
Typical Errors and Violations in the Field of Acceptance of Goods (Works, Services) in the Public Procurement System Identified As a Result of Audits and Audits
Authors: Gadzhiev Nazirhan , Konovalenko Sergey , Kiseleva O. , Skripkina O.
Published: March 2023

In the article, the authors analyze the main violations in the acceptance of goods, works, services identified by the control and audit bodies of the Ministry of Internal Aff airs of Russia as a result of departmental financial control, give recommendations for improving the acceptance process in order to prevent errors and violations of the law in the field of public procurement to ensure state and municipal needs.
Social Media Alleviates Venture Capital Funding Inequality for Women and Less Connected Entrepreneurs
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Wu Lynn , Hitt Lorin M.
Published: March 2023

Start-ups are increasingly using social media to signal quality and provide information to potential investors. However, the effectiveness of social media on venture capital (VC) financing is likely to be heterogeneous, differing by demographic and network characteristics of the founders. In this paper, we examine whether social media use can improve funding outcomes for firms founded by women and by other people also lacking connections to the investor network, two groups that face greater difficulties in securing VC financing. Using Twitter data and data on VC investment in start-ups from Crunchbase, we explore the interaction effect between Twitter usage and gender and between Twitter usage and the network constraint measure. Overall, we show that social media can mitigate some disparities in financing experienced by these firms through improving information access. We find that this effect is stronger for first-time entrepreneurs than for experienced ones, stronger for attracting new investors than repeat ones, and stronger in more competitive markets. Collectively, these results suggest that social media could primarily help women and less connected individuals obtain financing by alleviating information asymmetry between founders and investors.

This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems.

Funding: The authors thank Wharton Mack Institute of Innovation Management for funding support.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4728 .
The Leaking Ear: A Billiard Ball Sized Otogenic Acute Brain Abscess
Authors: Matthews Thomas , Keegan Cathy , McDonnell David , Loughman Peter , Mirbalouchzehi Mohammad Amin , Veerasamy Kevin , Colwell Niall
Published: March 2023

An otogenic origin is identified in over half of cases pertaining to brain abscess.  They are typically associated with either mastoiditis, cholesteatoma or otitis media and carry a risk of mortality in the region of twenty per cent.  We describe the case of a 71-year-old gentleman presenting with acute confusion and unilateral neurology in the absence of systemic signs of sepsis or associated laboratory biomarkers who was diagnosed with a particularly large spherical temporal lobe brain abscess of 5cm diameter on neuroimaging.  This abscess was treated successfully with craniotomy, evacuation and a prolonged course of anti-microbials enabling him to return to his pre-morbid level of functioning.  His prolonged course of anti-microbials was complicated by a candidaemia and colonisation of an indwelling central venous catheter that was treated successfully with antifungals.
Stability of Terminalia bellirica Extract and Its Combination Effect with Alpha-Mangostin in Inhibiting Dengue Virus Infection
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand, Jantakee Kanyaluck , Panwong Suthida ,   Doctoral Program in Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Pandith Hathaichanok ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand, Tragoolpua Yingmanee ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand, Panya Aussara ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
Published: March 2023

Dengue virus (DENV) infection has been reported to be continuously increasing worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment specific to DENV infection, in addition, the efficiencies of the vaccines are not fully effective against all four circulating DENV serotypes. Therefore, the development of an anti-viral agent to combat DENV infection and lower the risk of disease progression is needed, especially in the endemic area. This study investigated the effect of Terminalia bellirica extract and its combination with alpha-mangostin (α-MG) in lowering the DENV serotype 2 infection in Vero cells and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The phytochemical characterization of T. bellirica extract demonstrated that T. bellirica extract contained a total phenolic compound of 198.29 ± 15.95 mg gallic acid/g extract in which the gallic acid was the major bioactive compound, judged by HPLC. Treatment with 50 μg/mL of T. bellirica extract caused over 50% of DENV envelope protein reduction in Vero cells and showed no significant attenuation upon the six rounds of thermal stress exposures. At an equal concentration, the efficiency of T. bellirica extract in A549 cells was lower than that of Vero cells; however, combination with low-dose α-MG (0.5-2 μg/mL) showed to significantly improve the inhibitory activity of T. bellirica extract. This study demonstrated the great stability of T. bellirica extract to inhibit DENV infection and suggested a combination approach with α-MG offered protection against the DENV tissue tropism.
AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN EXTREME OBESITY
Authors:   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Zawadzka-Bartczak Ewelina , Bartczak-Szermer Dagmara ,   Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) provides valuable information in various clinical settings. Limited information exists on changes in cardiac autonomic modulation in extremely obese patients (BMI>40). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of extreme (morbid) obesity and concomitant diseases on cardiovascular autonomic function. Participants of this study are 40 women and 40 men in mean age 47,9 years old diagnosed with morbid obesity (mean BMI 47,49) and hospitalized to further bariatric treatment. In 42 patients diagnosed with hypertension (treated with beta blockers and ACE inhibitors along with well controlled blood pressure), type 2 diabetes (treatment with the oral drugs) also occurred. Furthermore, 46 patients were diagnosed with depression. None of the participants used antidepressants or sedative agents. Total of 80 healthy (40 women and 40 men) in mean age 42,7 years old and with mean BMI 24,6 were formed in group of controls. All of patients had 24-hour ECG monitoring with Holter method in order to evaluate the autonomic activity with time and frequency domain analysis (heart rate variability - HRV). Results: Obese group showed a significant reduction of parasympathetic activity and a significant increase in sympathetic activity. No significant differences in cardiac autonomic modulation were noted between the Hypertensive-Diabetic patients and those, only with morbid obesity. However, in studied group, obese patients with depression had lower time and frequency domain parameters (p<0.05) except SDNN, SDANN and LF/HF ratio in contrast to obese non-depressive individuals. Additional load of diabetes and hypertension in depressed patients did not affect the cardiac autonomic modulation differences. Further prospective study can be undertaken within the same subjects to evaluate the effect of weight loss on the cardiac autonomic activity. Conclusions: 1. Extreme obesity altered cardiac autonomic activity independently of hypertension and diabetes. 2. Depression associated with morbid obesity intensified HRV reduction.
THE STRUCTURE OF VISUAL OBJECT PERCEPTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE CONSTRUAL LEVEL THEORY BY N. LIBERMAN AND Y. TROPE: A POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY
Authors:   Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Terelak Jan F. , Solarczyk Izabela ,   Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine the relation between the form of visual presentation of an object and the psychological distance included in the four dimensions (spatial, temporal, social, hypotheticality). The construal level theory by Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope is used as a theoretical point of reference. Methods: 400 people participated in the experiment. All distance dimensions were subjected to the same procedure: estimating the percentage value of the extent to which the objects presented in sixty slides (plus a second similarly constructed variant) were related to a specific context determined by the magnitude of psychological distance, in each dimension separately (for example, whether the object came from a shop in Poland or Ireland – small vs. large spatial distance). Six formal features of the visual presentation of an object were manipulated: size, exposed part, level of detail, color, background, technique. Results: On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that photographs generate less psychological distance than pictures, only in some conditions, determined by the quality of dimensions and stimuli, objects represented in color are associated with greater distance than black-and-white ones; size, exposed part, level of detail and background shape, in most conditions determined by the dimensions of distance and the quality of stimuli, influence the psychological distance significantly, albeit in different ways (different directions of influence). Discussion: The hypothesis concerning the mechanism linking the formal features of an object (presented in a visual form) to psychological distance can be illustrated by using the context of the basic distance – the spatial distance at the two poles of which any object can be located, "looked at" from two perspectives –short and long distance, and then extracting those properties which depended on the magnitude of the spatial distance. Conclusions: 1) Photographs are associated with less psychological distance compared to pictures. 2) Objects presented in color generate a greater distance than those in black and white (in many conditions defined by the dimension of distance and the quality of the stimuli). 3) Size, exposed part, level of detail and background influence the distance in most conditions, but the direction of the influence is not constant – it depends on the specificity of these conditions (on the dimension of distance and the quality of stimuli). 4) The principle of perception of visual objects and psychological distance finds a valuable application in aviation psychology, as a basis for research on general issues of visual situational awareness of a pilot.
Introduction
Authors: Eccleston-Turner Mark , Wenham Clare
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces the PHEIC mechanism within global health security and highlights the inconsistencies apparent in the PHEIC declarations to date – that PHEICS are declared by the WHO Director General, on advice of an Emergency Committee, without due regard to the legal criteria required for their implementation and on account of political assessments. We establish the central question to be posed: to what extent is the PHEIC declaration process ambiguous and what is the risk of such ambiguity to achieving global disease control? and explore why this lack of consistency in the PHEIC declaration matters for global health security. The chapter further covers the methodology used for the book, and its layout
Gradient-index Alvarez lenses
Authors: Lippman David H. , Schmidt Greg R. , Bentley Julie L. , Moore Duncan T. , Akhavan Hooman , Harmon John Paul , Williams George M.
Published: March 2023

Gradient-index Alvarez lenses
(GALs), a new type of freeform optical component, are surveyed in this
work for their unique properties in generating variable optical power.
GALs display similar behavior to conventional surface Alvarez lenses
(SALs) by means of a freeform refractive index distribution that has
only recently been achievable in fabrication. A first-order framework
is described for GALs including analytical expressions for their
refractive index distribution and power variation. A useful feature of
Alvarez lenses for introducing bias power is also detailed and is
helpful for both GALs and SALs. The performance of GALs is studied,
and the value of three-dimensional higher-order refractive index terms
is demonstrated in an optimized design. Last, a fabricated GAL is
demonstrated along with power measurements agreeing closely with the
developed first-order theory.
Three-dimensional wave optics and fluid dynamics modeling of a Rb flowing-gas diode-pumped alkali amplifier
Authors: Waichman Karol , Barmashenko Boris D. , Rosenwaks Salman
Published: March 2023

Modeling of the efficiency and output beam quality of a Rb flowing-gas diode-pumped alkali amplifier (DPAA) based on a 3D computational fluid dynamic model coupled to a wave optics model for amplified beam propagation is reported. Both end and two-way side pumping schemes were considered and compared for two cases of buffer gas composition where either a He/CH4 mixture or pure He was used as a buffer gas. Dependencies of the DPAA efficiency and of the output beam quality on different flow and laser parameters were found. For the end pumping scheme and He/CH4 buffer gas, the amplifier efficiency is almost independent of the gas velocity, whereas beam quality deteriorates at low flow velocities. For side pumping, both efficiency and beam quality are independent of the flow velocity. The effect of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) on the efficiency of the DPAA is moderate and leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the amplifier by a maximum of ∼10% compared to the case when ASE is not taken into account. The ASE noise to signal ratio in the end-pumped amplifier was found to be negligible, while in the side-pumped amplifier, the ASE noise power at the output was comparable to the power of the coherent amplified output beam. The presented results show that end pumping is preferable to side pumping in terms of efficiency, output beam quality, and ASE noise to signal ratio. The maximum efficiency of the amplifier with end pumping using pure He as a buffer gas is significantly lower than that for the amplifier using He/CH4 buffer gas. However, despite the low efficiency, an amplifier using pure He has higher output beam quality. The maximum efficiency of a two-way side-pumped amplifier with pure He as a buffer gas does not exceed 0.01. Thus, such an amplifier cannot be used for efficient energy extraction.
High-precision method for simultaneously measuring the six-degree-of-freedom relative position and pose deformation of satellites
Authors: Zheng Fajia , Liu Zhijia , Long Fei , Fang Hongjun , Jia Peizhi , Xu Zhiming , Zhao Yuqiong , Li Jiakun , Zhang Bin , Feng Qibo
Published: March 2023

The high-precision measurement of the six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) relative position and pose deformation of satellites on the ground in vacuum and high-/low-temperature environments plays a critical role in ensuring the on-orbit mapping accuracy of satellites. To meet the strict measurement requirements for a satellite of a high accuracy, high stability, and a miniaturized measurement system, this paper proposes a laser measurement method for simultaneously measuring 6DoF relative position and attitude. In particular, a miniaturized measurement system was developed and a measurement model was established. The problem of error crosstalk between the 6DoF relative position and pose measurements was solved by conducting a theoretical analysis and OpticStudio software simulation, and the measurement accuracy was improved. Laboratory experiments and field tests were then conducted. The experimental results revealed that the measurement accuracy of the developed system for the relative position and relative attitude reached 0.2 µm and 0.4", within the measurement ranges of 500 mm along the X axis, ±100 µm along Y and Z axes, and ±100", and the 24-h measurement stabilities were superior to 0.5 µm and 0.5", respectively, which meets the ground measurement requirements for the satellite. The developed system was successfully applied on site, and the 6Dof relative position and pose deformation of the satellite were obtained via a thermal load test. This novel measurement method and system provides an experimental means for satellite development, in addition to a method for the high-precision measurement of the relative 6DoF position and pose between two points.
Multi-heterodyne interferometric absolute distance measurements based on dual dynamic electro-optic frequency combs
Authors: Xie Jiandong , Yan Liping , Chen Benyong , Lou Yingtian , Guo Gangxiang
Published: March 2023

In multi-heterodyne interferometry, the non-ambiguous range (NAR) and measurement accuracy are limited by the generation of synthetic wavelengths. In this paper, we propose a multi-heterodyne interferometric absolute distance measurement based on dual dynamic electro-optic frequency combs (EOCs) to realize high-accuracy distance measurement with large scale. The modulation frequencies of the EOCs are synchronously and quickly controlled to perform dynamic frequency hopping with the same frequency variation. Therefore, variable synthetic wavelengths range from tens of kilometer to millimeter can be flexibly constructed, and traced to an atomic frequency standard. Besides, a phase-parallel demodulation method of multi-heterodyne interference signal is implemented based on FPGA. Experimental setup was constructed and absolute distance measurements were performed. Comparison experiments with He-Ne interferometers demonstrate an agreement within 8.6 µm for a range up to 45 m, with a standard deviation of 0.8 µm and a resolution better than 2 µm at 45 m. The proposed method can provide sufficient precision with large scale for many science and industrial applications, such as precision equipment manufacturing, space mission, length metrology.
Amplification of a terahertz wave via stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Peng N. , Chen Y. , Chen Y. G. , Tan S. , Yao W. B. , Li Y. X. , Yu J. Q. , Xiao C. Z.
Published: March 2023

Extremely strong terahertz (THz) waves are desperately demanded for investigating nonlinear physics, spectroscopy, and imaging in the THz range. However, traditional crystal-/semiconductor-based THz sources have limitations of reaching extremely high amplitude due to the damage threshold of devices. Here, by introducing Raman amplification to the THz range, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme to amplify THz waves in plasma. A long-pulse CO2 pump laser transfers its energy to a multicycle, 10-THz seed in a two-step plasma. By one-dimensional simulations, a 0.87-GV/m, 1.2-ps-duration THz seed is amplified to 10 GV/m in a 5.7-mm-long plasma with an amplification efficiency approaching 1%. The method provides a new technology to manipulate the intensity of THz waves.
Cross talk-free retinal projection display based on a holographic complementary viewpoint array
Authors: Wang Zi , Tu Kefeng , Lv Guoqiang , Feng Qibin , Wang Anting , Ming Hai
Published: March 2023

In near-eye displays (NEDs), retinal projection display (RPD) is one kind of promising technology to alleviate the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) issue due to its always-in-focus feature. Viewpoint replication is widely used to enlarge the limited eyebox. However, the mismatch between viewpoint interval and eye pupil diameter will cause the inter-viewpoint cross talk when multiple viewpoints enter the pupil simultaneously. In this Letter, a holographic complementary viewpoint method is proposed to solve this cross talk problem. Instead of avoiding observing multiple viewpoint images simultaneously, it is designed that multiple complementary viewpoints jointly project the complete image on the retina without cross talk. To do this, the target image is segmented into multiple sub-images, each multiplied with a corresponding partial spherical phase to converge to a specific complementary viewpoint. A group of complementary viewpoint enter the eye pupil simultaneously, and each viewpoint project a corresponding sub-image on a specific area of the retina and splice to a complete image. All of the complementary viewpoints are duplicated to an interlaced two-dimensional array to extend the eyebox in both horizontal and vertical directions. Optical experiment verifies that the proposed method could present smooth transition between viewpoints to avoid both inter-viewpoint cross talk and blank image issues.
Experimental demonstration of bandwidth enhancement in photonic time delay reservoir computing
Authors: Estėbanez Irene , Argyris Apostolos , Fischer Ingo
Published: March 2023

Time delay reservoir computing (TDRC) using semiconductor lasers (SLs) has proven to be a promising photonic analog approach for information processing. One appealing property is that SLs subject to delayed optical feedback and external optical injection, allow for tuning the response bandwidth by changing the level of optical injection. Here we use strong optical injection, thereby expanding the SL’s modulation response up to tens of gigahertz. Performing a nonlinear time series prediction task, we demonstrate experimentally that for appropriate operating conditions, our TDRC system can operate with sampling times as small as 11.72 ps, without sacrificing computational performance.
Ultrahigh thermal-efficient all-optical silicon photonic crystal nanobeam cavity modulator with TPA-induced thermo-optic effect
Authors: Yao Danyang , Jiang Zhi , Zhang Yong , Xie Han , Wang Tongtong , Wang Jianguo , Gan Xuetao , Han Genquan , Liu Yan , Hao Yue
Published: March 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an on-chip all-optical
silicon photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNBC) modulator. With the
advantages of the strong two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced
thermo-optic (TO) effect, ultrahigh thermal-efficient tuning with
π phase shift temperature difference
ΔTπ of 0.77°C and power
Pπ of 0.26 mW is implemented.
Moreover, the all-optical modulation is carried out by a pulsed pump
light with an average switching power of 0.11 mW. The response times
for the rising and falling edges are 7.6 µs and 7.4 µs, respectively.
Such a thermal-efficient modulator is poised to be the enabling device
for large-scale integration optical signal control systems.
Tunable resonant absorption emanating from in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Meng Leixin , Chen Xiaopeng , Liu Xu , Yang Qing
Published: March 2023

Resonances play a key role in the practical application of polaritons because they can be easily detected from the far field and integrated with various devices. Although the mechanism and implementation of polariton resonances have been studied extensively, the resonant behaviors of in-plane anisotropic polaritons and their tuning strategies remain largely unexplored so far. Here, using in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in α-MoO3 as an example, we analyze their resonant absorption upon multiple conditions theoretically. We unveil the collective resonant mode originating from synergistic Fabry−Pérot cavity resonances and Bragg resonances. Beyond controlling polarizations and geometries, active tuning of resonant absorption is further achieved by rotating resonators or changing polariton topologies. Our results bridge the gap between polariton dispersions and resonant absorption, and provide a bottom-up strategy for the design of polariton-based resonators, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces. The resonant structures proposed here could serve as versatile building blocks for infrared absorbers, polarization detectors, sensors, modulators, and other photonic devices.
Sociocultural practices, beliefs, and myths surrounding newborn cord care in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: Duru Chika O. , Oyeyemi Abisoye S. , Adesina Adedotun D. , Nduka Ijeoma , Tobin-West Charles , Nte Alice
Published: March 2023

Persisting sociocultural beliefs have continued to significantly influence the adoption of recommended newborn care practices by women in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at identifying the sociocultural practices, beliefs, and myths surrounding newborn cord care by women residing in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This was a qualitative study that involved 24 women and 3 traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in three focus group discussions and three in-depth interviews respectively. Interview guides were used to lead the discussions and the interviews which were audiotaped, translated and then transcribed. Thematic analysis was done using NVivo QSR version 12.2 Pro. Several themes describing various sociocultural practices, beliefs, and myths surrounding cord care were uncovered. Most women preferred to be delivered by a TBA who usually cuts the infant’s cord with a razor blade and ties the stump with hair or sewing thread. Substances used for cord care included methylated spirirt, “African never-die”leaf, and “Close-Up”toothpaste. All the participants agreed that methylated spirit was a potent antiseptic for cord care but none of them had heard about nor used chlorhexidine gel. It was a common belief that abdominal massage and the application of substances to the cord were solutions to common cord-related problems. Mothers, TBAs and relatives were influential regarding choices of cord care practices. Sociocultural practices, beliefs, and myths are still major barriers to the adoption of recommended cord care practices by women in Bayelsa State. Interventions should be targeted at improving delivery in health facilities and educating women in the community on good cord care practices.
Frequent first-trimester pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques infected with African-lineage Zika virus
Authors: Rosinski Jenna R. , Raasch Lauren E. , Barros Tiburcio Patrick , Breitbach Meghan E. , Shepherd Phoenix M. , Yamamoto Keisuke , Razo Elaina , Krabbe Nicholas P. , Bliss Mason I. , Richardson Alexander D. , Einwalter Morgan A. , Weiler Andrea M. , Sneed Emily L. , Fuchs Kerri B. , Zeng Xiankun , Noguchi Kevin K. , Morgan Terry K. , Alberts Alexandra J. , Antony Kathleen M. , Kabakov Sabrina , Ausderau Karla K. , Bohm Ellie K. , Pritchard Julia C. , Spanton Rachel V. , Ver Hoove James N. , Kim Charlene B. Y. , Nork T. Michael , Katz Alex W. , Rasmussen Carol A. , Hartman Amy , Mejia Andres , Basu Puja , Simmons Heather A. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Friedrich Thomas C. , Aliota Matthew T. , Mohr Emma L. , Dudley Dawn M. , O’Connor David H. , Newman Christina M.
Published: March 2023

In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about the impacts of gestational African-lineage ZIKV infections. Given high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burdens in regions where African-lineage ZIKV circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have a higher risk of African-lineage ZIKV-associated birth defects. Remarkably, in both SIV+ and SIV- animals, ZIKV infection early in the first trimester caused a high incidence (78%) of spontaneous pregnancy loss within 20 days. These findings suggest a significant risk for early pregnancy loss associated with African-lineage ZIKV infection and provide the first consistent ZIKV-associated phenotype in macaques for testing medical countermeasures.
‘Extended Senses: Embodying Technology’
Authors: Baker Camille , Boddington Ghislaine
Published: March 2023

This Special Issue is a series of articles generated from the Extended Senses Symposium 2022, held at University of Greenwich, 8–9 September 2022, including an exhibition (8–10 September in the Stephen Lawrence Gallery). The main theme of the symposium was to explore ways to extend and expand the body through new and emerging modalities and technologies. Focusing primarily on the body as a site of knowledge production within this field, it highlighted immersion, haptic engagement and evolving body led interfaces to understand and enable the bridge between the analogue and the digital realms. Participants were encouraged to present socially responsible work engaged with issues such as: the climate crisis and environmental sustainability, data ethics, personal data ownership, surveillance and privacy, women’s health and equality and other urgent issues that affect the body. Talks and artwork traversed between the physical and the virtual, including but not limited to, electronic or smart textiles, research exploring multimodal interfaces and human–technology interaction, dance, theatre, music and other performance modes, as well all work that engages with technology to translate different embodied senses and experiential sensations.
Maturing the narrative sense through mixed reality games
Authors: Walker Damian
Published: March 2023

This article explores the human ability to see meaningful narratives in the world and to invent fictional narratives as a sense. The senses allow us to pick up on patterns in the world and to coordinate our behaviour in relationship with those patterns. Sensing narratives plays an important role in situational appraisals and provides important context for what we see, hear, touch, etc. Drawing upon the predictive processing framework in cognitive science, this article will defend this thesis and explore how virtual and mixed reality technologies can contribute to new ways of making sense of the world. These new tools of situational appraisal will be understood in the context of a cultural and cognitive condition that media theories Douglas Rushkoff calls ‘present shock’.
Sipping the virtual elixir: An autoethnographic close reading of Ayahuasca Kosmik Journey, a self-transcendent virtual experience
Authors: Miller Noah , Desnoyers-Stewart John , Stepanova Ekaterina R. , Kitson Alexandra , Bizzocchi Jim , Riecke Bernhard E.
Published: March 2023

Self-transcendent experiences are often an integral component of ancient cultural practices that use psychedelic substances during spiritual ceremonies, such as ayahuasca ceremonies. Yet, ayahuasca contains dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is illegal in many countries. Due to its illegality, ayahuasca experiences are scarce despite potential benefits of increased quality of life and reduced psychopathology. Virtual reality (VR) can provide a safe and legal glimpse of psychedelic experiences, such as an ayahuasca ceremony. These experiences may in turn evoke self-transcendent emotions without hallucinogenic substances, extending the power of art and technology to stimulate self-transcendence. To explore the potential, limits and experiential qualities that immersive experience design can afford for cyberdelic experiences, we conducted an autoethnographic close reading analysis of Atlas V’s Ayahuasca Kosmik Journey. Autoethnography allowed us to study complex and personal experiences while close reading connected those experiences to the design of the artefact. This allowed us to gain insights into the connections between design and experience and critically analyse the experience. The resulting reflection unveiled prominent psychological lenses in our subjective experience, including agency, embodiment, discomfort and self-transcendent emotions. Our analysis explicates the paramount role of spatiality, the sensorium and theme with embodied interaction for the self-transcendent effects of vastness, the role of contrast in narrative transitions and how meaning is rooted in previous experiences. Our analysis unveils the potential and the limitations of immersive technology to emulate self-transcendent experiences through extending our senses and transcending the self.
Performer/audience experience, performer perception and audience immersion
Authors: Kirwan Emily
Published: March 2023

This article considers dance performances that utilize immersive technologies, in particular those that result in comparatively different experiences for the performer and the audience. The article proposes that with the incorporation of technology, creators and audiences may become so engrossed by the effects of technology and what can be achieved that we perhaps overlook what is omitted when technology takes centre stage. By analysing three aspects of technology-mediated dance performances, this article highlights how technology alters and extrapolates the dance experience for performers and audiences. The differing experiences of performer and audience, the dancer’s perception of their environment and the audience’s immersion are in some ways enhanced, but also arguably hindered, by the mediation of technology. The article aims to provoke questions about technology-mediated performances and proposes more theoretical discussions on the communication of dance through technology.
When hearts speak
Authors: Briede Ilze
Published: March 2023

This article gathers and analyses research on biosensing user-interface design strategies and empirical research approaches in human-computer interaction (HCI). Placing human experience at the core of the primary investigation, this research article will explore Soma Design strategies developed by researcher and computer scientist Kristina Höök and comparable approaches in human computer mediations. In addition, this article investigates the peculiarities of creating a container and expressive model for architectonic media based on WorldMaker Universe (WMU) schematic, a software framework for the development of computational artworks, created by scholar and artist Mark-David Hosale and explores works and research that intersect the art and science domains. This research document also offers a unique angle on the creative and technical processes of creating a bio-art installation and virtual sculpture called Somatic Interventions, developed as a group assignment for the Vertical Studio Lab course taught by Professor Mark-David Hosale at York University, Toronto, Canada. It will critically examine and question the sculpture design’s architectural choices and evaluate the biosignal feedback system that connects human participants to internally built artificial chemistry and multiple layers of unique state machines.
Proyecto arqueológico “Castillo del Argallén”. Arqueología de una encrucijada histórica
Authors: Sanabria Murillo Diego , José Domínguez Martín Antonio , D. López Rodríguez Antonio
Published: March 2023

Con este trabajo presentamos los resultados globales de la primera campaña de excavación arqueológica efectuada en el yacimiento del “Castillo del Argallén”, un enclave situado entre las comarcas de La Serena y Campiña extremeñas. La especial ubicación del sitio, en un entramado de valles y sierras, con un eje vertebrador principal en el río Guadámez, imprime al yacimiento un carácter estratégico que se pone de manifiesto recurrentemente en diversas épocas como la Romanización, la etapa andalusí o durante la última Guerra Civil española.
Documentación de nuevas labores romanas en Riotinto (Huelva) 2014-2016
Authors: Delgado Domínguez Aquilino , Aurelio Pérez Macías Juan , Quintero Cristóbal Maria del Carmen
Published: March 2023

Este trabajo trata sobre las labores mineras romanas halladas en Riotinto desde 2014 hasta 2016. En 2014, ante la posibilidad de la reapertura de la mina de Riotinto, se hizo primero una Prospección Arqueológica del área minera en 2014. Con los resultados de la Prospección se determinaron las zonas donde iba a ser necesario desarrollar el Control Arqueológico de Movimientos de Tierras de las operaciones mineras y de forma complementaria se articuló un Seguimiento Arqueológico del Proyecto Riotinto. Durante estos trabajos, se han hallado varias labores romanas mineras en las masas Salomón, Lago y Dehesa.
De las canteras. Primeras evidencias de los sistemas de explotación en Gades
Authors: Lara Medina Macarena
Published: March 2023

La necesidad de elaborar un mecanismo para la obtención, el traslado y el tallado de los elementos arquitectónicos para la construcción de los espacios eminentemente públicos se hacía fundamental en época romana, pues de ello dependía la propaganda de Roma. El estudio de los sistemas de explotación de los materiales pétreos se puede considerar el primer paso para la comprensión del espacio urbanizado y las técnicas constructivas empleadas. En este sentido, este trabajo aborda una primera aproximación a los sistemas de explotación de época romana documentados en Cádiz, donde se analizan los datos obtenidos en las diversas intervenciones arqueológicas. Se presentan los resultados de un estudio pionero de estas características en la ciudad de Cádiz.
CONVERGÊNCIAS METODOLÓGICAS NO ESTUDO DA COMUNICAÇÃO: PERSPECTIVAS INTERDISCIPLINARES E INTERFACES
Authors: Souza Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2023

RESUMO: Têm aumentado o número de pesquisas em Jornalismo nos últim0s anos em função da preocupação em consolidá-lo como um campo autônomo, que leva em consideração suas especificidades práticas e teóricas. A produção científica começou a crescer com a constituição de programas de pós-graduação em comunicação, especialmente com o surgimento dos primeiros mestrados em Jornalismo (UFSC e UEPG). Pesquisadores como Braga (2000), Medistch (2012) e Machado (2010) têm chamado a atenção para as interfaces entre jornalismo e outras áreas, considerando que este é um lugar privilegiado para os estudos do jornalismo. Neste trabalho, pretende-se, a partir de um caso, mostrar que o Jornalismo tem buscado apoio teórico e metodológico em outras áreas do conhecimento, o que não é ruim, desde que esta apropriação se faça de forma consciente e resguarde as características específicas do campo jornalístico. Se ainda a nossa área carece de instrumental teórico e ou metodológico para a produção de determinadas análises, é preciso adaptar as teorias e métodos de outros campos a realidade e especificidades do campo jornalístico
EPISTEMOLOGIAS DAS TECNOLOGIAS EM SAÚDE: reflexões e definições teórico-conceituais
Authors: Manske George Saliba , Máximo Carlos Eduardo , Flores e Silva Yolanda
Published: March 2023

Problematizamos as produções das tecnologias em saúde, discutindo as diferenças epistemológicas e conceituais envolvidas em suas dimensões. Discorremos sobre as dimensões das tecnologias em sua realidade multifacetada, referindo ao objeto, processo, mentalidade e atitude tecnológica. Apresentamos, definimos e discutimos as tecnologias em saúde mais desenvolvidas no campo acadêmico, a partir da literatura consultada. Apresentamos, ao fim, uma síntese de proposta de elaboração teórico-conceitual de um campo acadêmico denominado tecnologias em saúde.
A RELAÇÃO DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NA FUNÇÃO COGNITIVA DO IDOSO COM DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: H Zart Luiz , Lima A Souza Márcia , S Fontenelle Rafael , A Rech Daiana
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Analisar se há correlação entre exercício físico, com o declínio ou manutenção da função cognitiva em idosos com doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados, que investigaram a relação do exercício físico na função cognitiva de idosos com doença de Alzheimer, publicados nas bases: Pubmed, Pedro, Lilacs e Ebsco, sem período de publicação delimitado. Resultados: Foram encontrados 220 artigos. Destes, 16 preencheram critérios de inclusão e, portanto, foram incluídos. Seis estudos foram incluídos na metanálise. O grupo que realizou exercício físico não teve sua função cognitiva melhorada, mas sim preservada, diferentemente do grupo controle, o qual apresentou uma piora na função cognitiva.
Structure and Properties of the "Cantor HEA Coating (Mn-Fe-Cr-Co-Ni) / Substrate (Alloy 5083)" System
Authors: Konovalov S.V. , Efimov M.O. , Panchenko I.A. , Шлярова Юлия Андреевна
Published: March 2023

Using the technology of cold metal transfer (wire-arc additive manufacturing combined with welding surfacing), a coating is formed on a 5083 alloy substrate with a high-entropy Mn-Fe-Cr-Co-Ni alloy of nonequiatomic composition. Analysis of the structure, elemental composition, and microhardness of the coating-substrate system is carried out using the methods of modern physical materials science. A significant increase (up to 9.9 GPa) in the microhardness of the material is found in the zone of contact between the coating and the substrate. The formation of lamellar inclusions (Al13F4) enriched in coating atoms in the zone of contact between the coating and the substrate is revealed. The high entropy coating in the contact zone has a submicrocrystalline grain-subgrain structure with a crystallite size ranging from 0.5 ^m to 1.1 ^m along the boundaries where nanosized particles of the second phase (Al3Ni) are revealed. The volume of grains contains a dislocation substructure in the form of randomly distributed dislocations or dislocation clusters. The scalar density of the dislocations is (0.8-1.0)-1010 cm-2. An assumption is made about the physical mechanisms of hardening of the material in the "coating-substrate" contact zone. Key words: high-entropy alloy, coating / substrate system, aluminum alloy, elemental and phase composition, microhardness, hardening.
Influence of Plastic Deformation on the Accumulation of the Average Scalar Dislocation Density and Its Components pS and pG in Cu-Mn Alloys
Authors: Trishkina L.I. , Klopotov A.A. , Potekaev A.I. , Cherkasova T.V. , Borodin V.I.
Published: March 2023

The development and progress of the physical science of strength makes it possible to formulate the main aspects based on dislocation physics. This article describes the current state of this issue in the framework of a multilevel approach. It considers the patterns of accumulation of dislocations in a material after various degrees of deformation. The main mechanism of hardening of a metal polycrystal is the accumulation of dislocations in its grains, and the main hardening parameter is the average scalar dislocation density. The scalar dislocation density is divided into components: the density of statistically stored (pS) and the density of geometrically necessary (pG) dislocations. Transmission diffraction electron microscopy (TEM) is used to study the stages of the development of types of dislocation substructure (DSS) in Cu-Mn alloys depending on the concentration of the alloying element during active plastic deformation. Polycrystalline alloys were investigated over a wide concentration range from 0.4 to 25 atomic percent Mn. A number of parameters of the dislocation substructure are measured from micrographs obtained in an electron microscope: the average scalar density of dislocations
, the density of statistically stored (pS) and geometrically necessary (pG) dislocations, the curvature-torsion of the crystal lattice (х), the density of microbands (b), density of dangling subboundaries (Msub). A sequence of transformations of DSS types with an increase in the degree of deformation and the value of the second element to form the type of substructure and its parameters is established. The influence of the concentration of the second element and the grain size on the average scalar density of dislocations and its components is experimentally determined. The presence of misorientations in the substructure during deformation is based on the measurement of these parameters using the TEM method.