bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety Culture in the Management System of Safe Exploitation of the Ship and Pollution Prevention
Authors: Królikowski Andrzej , Mrozowska Alicja , Wróbel Ryszard
Published: September 2016

One of the most important aims of this paper is to identify the current idea of safety culture, and to present authors’ understanding of safety culture, how it may be comprehended and perceived, and what benefit it can bring for improving safety at sea. This article discusses the human role in this aspect, namely, who fulfils their responsibilities (work, service, duty) which are connected in a wide understanding of maritime Industry (both at sea and on land). The preliminary analysis of the concepts of safety culture, which has been carried out, points clearly to the human factor (which has a direct impact on the shape and meaning of safety culture) as one of the main links which connects multidimensional maritime safety, environmental protection and safety of life at sea.
Cryopreserved Embryo Adoption
Authors: Buskmiller Cara ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2016

Cryopreservation and vitrification are techniques employed in fertility clinics to preserve embryos not used in in vitro fertilization cycles. These frozen embryos carry the dignity of persons, and it has been suggested that they could be unfrozen and adopted. Experts have offered divergent opinions on the legitimacy of this practice. This essay reviews the debate and offers a phenomenological description of embryo adoption considered in itself, as well as reflections on current circumstances which the author proposes make embryo adoption not only imprudent but illicit.
The Reality of Institutional Conscience
Authors: Bedford Elliott Louis ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: September 2016

Opponents of conscience protections for Catholic Health Care institutions claim that, since institutions are not autonomous individuals, they are not subjects of conscience. Therefore, since institutional conscience does not exist, it does not deserve protection. In this article, the author demonstrates not only that institutional conscience exists but that it is an activity that pervades all human institutions. He provides a metaphysical sketch that illustrates how institutions are organic outgrowths of human social nature which mitigate the natural limitations of human individuals. Consequently, the activity of conscience is inherently a component of the life of human institutions.
Exosomes Derived fromAkt-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Cardiac Regeneration and Promote Angiogenesis via Activating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor D
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Li , Sun Xiaochun , Zhao Xiaosu , Sun Xiaoxian , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong , Zhu Wei
Published: September 2016

We have previously demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is well known that the activation of Akt is involved in stem cell-induced cardioprotection. In the present study, we investigated whether exosomes released from Akt-overexpressing MSCs showed a beneficial effect on cardioprotection and angiogenesis. MSCs were collected from human umbilical cord (hucMSCs), and Akt was transfected into hucMSCs (Akt-hucMSCs) by using an adenovirus transfection system. Exosomes were isolated from control hucMSCs (Exo) and Akt-hucMSCs (Akt-Exo). An acute myocardial infarction model was created by ligation of the left anterior decedent coronary artery (LAD) in rats. Various source exosomes (400 µg of protein) were infused via the tail vein immediately after LAD ligation. The cardiac function was evaluated by using echocardiography after different treatments for 1 and 5 weeks, respectively. Endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation, as well as chick allantoic membrane assay, were used to evaluate the angiogenetic effects of Akt-Exo. The results indicated that cardiac function was significantly improved in the animals treated with Akt-Exo. In addition, Akt-Exo significantly accelerated endothelial cell proliferation and migration, tube-like structure formation in vitro, and blood vessel formation in vivo. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) was significantly upregulated in Akt-Exo. However, the angiogenesis was abrogated in endothelial cells treated with the exosomes obtained from MSCs transfected with PDGF-D-siRNA. Our studies suggest that exosomes obtained from Akt-modified hucMSCs are more effective in myocardial infarction therapy through promoting angiogenesis. PDGF-D plays an important role in Akt-Exo-mediated angiogenesis.
Réflexion sur l’ancrage ontologique des méthodes quantitatives en sciences sociales
Authors: Bourque Jimmy
Published: September 2016

Avec cet article, nous désirons 1) expliciter les principes du réalisme ontique et 2) proposer une définition de la réalité justifiable dans ce cadre. Le réalisme ontique suppose l’existence d’une réalité hors de la conscience, mais ne se commet pas quant à la possibilité de la saisir. Par « réalité », nous désignons l’existence de discontinuités. En sciences sociales, ces discontinuités sont le plus souvent dynamiques et contingentes. Comme assise aux méthodes quantitatives en sciences sociales, la conception du réel peut donc se limiter à postuler une structure informationnelle indépendante de la conscience. À la lumière de la stabilité de certains résultats scientifiques et de la faillibilité du savoir, le réalisme ontique nous parait tenable.
Complexité et défis associés aux rôles de conseiller pédagogique
Authors: Duchesne Claire
Published: September 2016

Les conseillers pédagogiques des conseils et commissions scolaires accomplissent leur mission à travers une diversité de rôles professionnels. À partir d’une recension d’écrits et des témoignages de 11 conseillers pédagogiques oeuvrant dans un conseil scolaire francophone de l’Ontario, huit rôles ont été mis en lumière. Par ailleurs, les défis rencontrés par les participants dans l’exercice de chacun de ces rôles ont été explicités lors d’entretiens de recherche. Les enjeux particuliers associés notamment aux rôles d’agent de changement, de praticien réflexif et de gestionnaire feront l’objet de la discussion.
Diretrizes de auditoria ambiental
Authors: Oliveira Celso Maran de
Published: September 2016

Este livro se propõe a ser um contributo nos campos científico e profissional. No campo científico, por ser um movimento relativamente recente, mesmo em nível internacional, suscita reflexões no meio científico, na forma de discutir a importância da auditoria como instrumento de apoio à gestão e à atuação ética dos profissionais envolvidos na auditoria, bem como o papel que a auditoria ambiental desempenhará na gestão corporativa. No campo profissional, o objetivo é proporcionar reflexões aos profissionais da área sobre o contributo da auditoria ambiental para a gestão mais eficaz, bem como o reconhecimento das funções destes profissionais, internos ou externos, ligados à auditoria.
Becoming Human
Authors: Greenwood Jennifer
Published: September 2016

A novel, wide-ranging, and comprehensive account of how human emotionality develops, proposing a process in which “nature” and “nurture” are integrated.

In Becoming Human, Jennifer Greenwood proposes a novel theory of the development of human emotionality. In doing so, she makes important contributions to the nature-nurture debate in emotion theory and the intracranialist–transcranialist debate in philosophy of mind. Greenwood shows that the distinction between nature and nurture is unfounded; biological and cultural resources are deeply functionally integrated throughout the developmental process. She also shows that human emotional and language development are transcranialist achievements; human ontogenesis takes place in extended cognitive systems that include environmental, technological, and sociocultural resources. Greenwood tells the story of how each of us becomes a full human being: how human brains are constructed and how these brains acquire their contents through massive epigenetic scaffolding.

After an introduction in which she explains the efficiency of the human newborn as a learning machine, Greenwood reviews traditional and contemporary theories of emotion, highlighting both strengths and limitations. She addresses the intracranialist–transcranialist debate, arguing that transcranialists have failed to answer important intracranialist objections; describes the depth of the functional integration of intraneural and external resources in emotional ontogenesis; examines early behavior patterns that provide the basis for the development of language; explains the biosemantic theory of representational content, and the wider cognitive systems that define it; and argues that language production and comprehension are always context dependent. Finally, in light of the deep and complex functional integration of neural, corporeal, and sociocultural resources in human ontogenesis, she recommends a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach for future research.
The Human Advantage
Authors: Herculano-Houzel Suzana
Published: September 2016

Why our human brains are awesome, and how we left our cousins, the great apes, behind: a tale of neurons and calories, and cooking.

Humans are awesome. Our brains are gigantic, seven times larger than they should be for the size of our bodies. The human brain uses 25% of all the energy the body requires each day. And it became enormous in a very short amount of time in evolution, allowing us to leave our cousins, the great apes, behind. So the human brain is special, right? Wrong, according to Suzana Herculano-Houzel. Humans have developed cognitive abilities that outstrip those of all other animals, but not because we are evolutionary outliers. The human brain was not singled out to become amazing in its own exclusive way, and it never stopped being a primate brain. If we are not an exception to the rules of evolution, then what is the source of the human advantage?

Herculano-Houzel shows that it is not the size of our brain that matters but the fact that we have more neurons in the cerebral cortex than any other animal, thanks to our ancestors' invention, some 1.5 million years ago, of a more efficient way to obtain calories: cooking. Because we are primates, ingesting more calories in less time made possible the rapid acquisition of a huge number of neurons in the still fairly small cerebral cortex—the part of the brain responsible for finding patterns, reasoning, developing technology, and passing it on through culture.

Herculano-Houzel shows us how she came to these conclusions—making “brain soup” to determine the number of neurons in the brain, for example, and bringing animal brains in a suitcase through customs. The Human Advantage is an engaging and original look at how we became remarkable without ever being special.
A robust activity marking system for exploring active neuronal ensembles
Authors: Sørensen Andreas T , Cooper Yonatan A , Baratta Michael V , Weng Feng-Ju , Zhang Yuxiang , Ramamoorthi Kartik , Fropf Robin , LaVerriere Emily , Xue Jian , Young Andrew , Schneider Colleen , Gøtzsche Casper René , Hemberg Martin , Yin Jerry CP , Maier Steven F , Lin Yingxi
Published: September 2016

Understanding how the brain captures transient experience and converts it into long lasting changes in neural circuits requires the identification and investigation of the specific ensembles of neurons that are responsible for the encoding of each experience. We have developed a Robust Activity Marking (RAM) system that allows for the identification and interrogation of ensembles of neurons. The RAM system provides unprecedented high sensitivity and selectivity through the use of an optimized synthetic activity-regulated promoter that is strongly induced by neuronal activity and a modified Tet-Off system that achieves improved temporal control. Due to its compact design, RAM can be packaged into a single adeno-associated virus (AAV), providing great versatility and ease of use, including application to mice, rats, flies, and potentially many other species. Cre-dependent RAM, CRAM, allows for the study of active ensembles of a specific cell type and anatomical connectivity, further expanding the RAM system’s versatility.
Compact and highly active next-generation libraries for CRISPR-mediated gene repression and activation
Authors: Horlbeck Max A , Gilbert Luke A , Villalta Jacqueline E , Adamson Britt , Pak Ryan A , Chen Yuwen , Fields Alexander P , Park Chong Yon , Corn Jacob E , Kampmann Martin , Weissman Jonathan S
Published: September 2016

We recently found that nucleosomes directly block access of CRISPR/Cas9 to DNA (Horlbeck et al., 2016). Here, we build on this observation with a comprehensive algorithm that incorporates chromatin, position, and sequence features to accurately predict highly effective single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for targeting nuclease-dead Cas9-mediated transcriptional repression (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa). We use this algorithm to design next-generation genome-scale CRISPRi and CRISPRa libraries targeting human and mouse genomes. A CRISPRi screen for essential genes in K562 cells demonstrates that the large majority of sgRNAs are highly active. We also find CRISPRi does not exhibit any detectable non-specific toxicity recently observed with CRISPR nuclease approaches. Precision-recall analysis shows that we detect over 90% of essential genes with minimal false positives using a compact 5 sgRNA/gene library. Our results establish CRISPRi and CRISPRa as premier tools for loss- or gain-of-function studies and provide a general strategy for identifying Cas9 target sites.
Social Multimedia Networks Behaviour Model & Architecture
Authors: Gunawardhana L. K. Pulasthi Dhananjaya , Palaniappan Sellappan
Published: September 2016

People constantly use social multimedia networks to communicate with one another, with users mostly sharing data, such as photos and videos. We examine the motivations that drive colluders to form alliances over social networking platforms and determine how these groups create coalitions to advance their interests. We also investigate the network architectures that underlie social multimedia networks and how these platforms circulate. Such architectures are connected to different protocols, including WebID, Semantic Pingback and PubSubHubbub, to form a logical semantic circulating social multimedia network that delivers a centralised social network structure.
EVL is not essential for cuticular plate and stereocilia development in mouse auditory hair cells
Authors: Yan Keji , Zhang Haoqing , Qu Chengli , Sun Yixiao , Sun Xiaoyang , Xu Zhigang
Published: September 2024

In inner ear hair cells, the stereocilia are inserted into a dense F‐actin‐enriched meshwork named the cuticular plate, which provides support to the stereocilia. Enah/Vasp‐like (EVL) was shown to localize at the cuticular plate, and evl knockdown leads to disrupted cuticular plate and disorganized stereocilia in Xenopus hair cells. In the present work, we show that Evl transcripts are specifically expressed in mouse hair cells, and EVL is localized to the cuticular plate. However, the cuticular plate and stereocilia are unaffected by Evl knockout, and auditory function is largely normal in Evl knockout mice. In conclusion, our present data suggest that EVL is not essential for cuticular plate and stereocilia development in mouse auditory hair cells.
Interphase Optimum via Synergistic Effect of Poly(1,3‐dioxolane) Electrolytes and Lithium Difluorophosphate for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hu Anyi , Liao Zhu , Yang Qirui , Huang Jun , Wei Zhuangzhuang , Sun Yukun , Zhao Enyou , Zhang Zhengxi , Yang Li , Saito Nagahiro , Orita Akihiro
Published: September 2024

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) hold great promise for future applications of high‐energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Unfortunately, inadequate room‐temperature ionic conductivity, sluggish interfacial charge transport, and uncontrolled electrode/electrolyte interface reactions severely limit their widespread applications. Herein, poly(1,3‐dioxolane) electrolytes (PDEs) are prepared in situ by introducing lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP, LiPO2F2) as a multifunctional additive, which not only achieves excellent ionic conductivity but facilitates interfacial charge transport. Meanwhile, a high‐mechanical‐stability organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is formed by the synergistic effect of PDEs and LiDFP. The enrichment of LiF and LixPOyFz species in SEI formed by the preferential reduction of LiDFP ensures outstanding mechanical stability, and the ring‐opening polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane provides the SEI excellent adaptability to the repetitive volume changes of lithium metal anode, which mitigates crack and regeneration of SEI and reduces side reactions between active Li and electrolytes. Therefore, based on PDEs, the symmetric Li cell enables steady cycling for 2000 h. The Li‐LiFePO4 cell achieves superior long‐term cycling stability (over 1200 cycles) and wide operating temperature (−20 ∼ 60 °C). Also, the Li‐LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 exhibits favorable cycling stability. This study provides solutions to ongoing pain point issues of SPEs and facilitates practical applications of SPEs in high‐energy LMBs.
Viscoelasticity of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Regulates Human Pluripotent Stem Cell‐derived Spinal Cord Organoid Patterning and Vascularization
Authors: Chen Xingchi , Liu Chang , McDaniel Garrett , Zeng Olivia , Ali Jamel , Zhou Yi , Wang Xueju , Driscoll Tristan , Zeng Changchun , Li Yan
Published: September 2024

Recently, it has been recognized that natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissues are viscoelastic, while only elastic properties have been investigated in the past. How the viscoelastic matrix regulates stem cell patterning is critical for cell‐ECM mechano‐transduction. Here, this study fabricated different methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels using covalent cross–linking, consisting of two gels with similar elasticity (stiffness) but different viscoelasticity, and two gels with similar viscoelasticity but different elasticity (stiffness). Meanwhile, a second set of dual network hydrogels are fabricated containing both covalent and coordinated cross–links. Human spinal cord organoid (hSCO) patterning in HA hydrogels and co‐culture with isogenic human blood vessel organoids (hBVOs) are investigated. The viscoelastic hydrogels promote regional hSCO patterning compared to the elastic hydrogels. More viscoelastic hydrogels can promote dorsal marker expression, while softer hydrogels result in higher interneuron marker expression. The effects of viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels become more dominant than the stiffness effects in the co‐culture of hSCOs and hBVOs. In addition, more viscoelastic hydrogels can lead to more Yes‐associated protein nuclear translocation, revealing the mechanism of cell‐ECM mechano‐transduction. This research provides insights into viscoelastic behaviors of the hydrogels during human organoid patterning with ECM‐mimicking in vitro microenvironments for applications in regenerative medicine.
Optimizing Adoptive Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors via Epigenetic Regulation of T‐cell Destiny
Authors: Guo Xuemeng , Li Xiang , Wang Sijie , Shi Yingying , Huang Jiaxin , Liu Xu , Lu Yichao , Zhang Junlei , Luo Lihua , You Jian
Published: September 2024

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, yet its application in solid tumors faced challenges such as inadequate tumor infiltration and cellular dysfunction. Histone acetylation is reported to play a crucial role in restoring T‐cell function within tumor tissues. Building upon previous research, a novel strategy involving the co‐loading of two drugs, G3C12 and vorinostat (SAHA), into PLGA microspheres to form G3C12+SAHA@PLGA is developed for intratumoral injection. The G3C12 peptide enhances adoptive T‐cell recruitment to the tumor site by modulating the binding state of IFN‐γ. While SAHA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, promotes memory phenotypes of infiltrating T‐cells and prevents their transition to an exhausted state. This synergistic approach effectively augmentes the efficacy of ACT in the “cold” tumor model (4T1) or the “hot” tumor model (CT26). These findings highlight the potential of combining epigenetic regulation with recruitment signaling as a means to enhance the therapeutic impact of ACT in treating solid tumors.
Atomic‐Level Regulation of SiC4 Units Enable High Li+ Dynamics and Long‐Life Micro‐Size SiCx Anodes
Authors: Yan Zhilin , Yi Si , Wang Zhen , Ning Pengpeng , Zhang Jingwen , Huang Jinlan , Xiao Yiming , Yang Deren , Zhang Yaguang , Du Ning
Published: September 2024

Large‐scale applications of high‐capacity silicon‐based anodes remain a challenge for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to huge volume variation. Although designing nano‐sized Silicon (Si) anodes plays a milestone advance in the commercial development, it's still hindered by issues related to cost and side reactions. A simple co‐pyrolysis of SiH4 and C2H4 is introduced via chemical‐vapor‐deposition (CVD) method to prepare SiCx micro‐sized particles with atomic‐level homogeneous distributions of silicon and carbon. One basic unit of SiC4 tetrahedra in SiCx plays a key role in particles’ microstructure optimization and electrochemical performance improvement: 1) The SiC4‐enriched surface layer is found to hinder Li+ insertion. 2) Proper heat‐treatment temperature is adopted to eliminate the layer and control the transition from SiC4 to SiC nanocrystalline, which is significant for decreasing polarization, enhancing Li+ diffusion kinetics, and cycling stability. Consequently, the optimized architecture exhibits a high capacity of 1455 mA h g−1 with an outstanding capacity retention of 95.8% after 100 cycles. Pouch‐type full‐cell demonstrates that the composite possesses excellent cycling stability with capacity retentions of 82.5% after 500 cycles at 25 °C and 84.0% after 400 cycles at 45 °C. This work provides a scalable yet practical solution to micro‐sized Si‐based anodes.
Sonochemically Prepared Nanodot Magnesium Fluoride‐Based Anodeless Carbon Substrate for Simultaneously Reinforcing Interphasial and Reaction Kinetics for Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Jeon Sang‐Jin , Hwang Chihyun , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Park Jonghyun , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Jung Yijin , Choi Ran , Song Min‐Sang , Lee Yun Jung , Yu Ji‐Sang , Jung Yun‐Chae
Published: September 2024

“Anodeless” electrodes for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have been attracting attention as a solution for achieving high energy density. Recent studies on anodeless electrodes have shown improvements in cycle life and energy density through the stabilization of plated lithium (Li) using Li‐soluble metals (e.g., Ag, Zn, etc.). In this study, magnesium‐based materials (MgF2@C) are introduced for use as an anodeless electrode. Nanodot magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is synthesized onto a carbon black surface via sonochemical synthesis. MgF2 is converted to a Mg‐Li alloy and LiF during lithiation. The Mg‐Li alloy from the MgF2@C anodeless electrode reduces lithiation overpotential and provides a uniform and dense Li layer between the current collector and the anodeless electrode. The ASSB cell assembled with the MgF2@C anodeless electrode exhibits 81.4% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 30 °C.
Why insulin aspart and insulin degludec exhibit distinct release mechanisms
Authors: Li Zhuo Lin , Feng Yun Hao , Jiao Jie , Ju Xin Yu , Yu Lingyun , Zhang Guo Liang , Yu Ruixing , Chen Bo Zhi , Guo Xin Dong
Published: September 2024

Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin analogs is important for protein engineering to design innovative drug proteins. Insulin aspart (IAsp) and insulin degludec (IDeg) are representative examples of insulin analogs with distinct release profiles synthesized by targeted mutagenesis in protein engineering. Despite their importance in diabetes treatment, there remains a gap in our understanding of the molecular basis for their differential release mechanisms. In this study, ordinary molecular dynamics simulation and steered molecular dynamics are utilized to investigate the structural stability, solubility analysis, and monomer interactions of these insulins, with the aim to explain the mesoscale differences between the two insulin release mechanisms. Simulation findings have further been validated through experimental verification, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms underlying insulin release and providing valuable insights into pharmaceutical implications and potential advancements in the design of insulin therapy.
Heart Rate and Its Variability Are Associated With Resting Metabolic Rate and Substrate Oxidation in Young Women but Not in Men
Authors: Alcantara Juan M. A. , González‐Acedo Anabel , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Plaza‐Florido Abel
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aims to examine the relationship between resting vagal‐related heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and heart rate (HR) with resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in young adults.

Methods

A total of 74 young adults (22 ± 2 years old, 51 women) were included in this cross‐sectional study. HRV was assessed using a HR monitor, whereas RMR and RER were determined by indirect calorimetry.

Results

Linear regression analyses showed a positive association between HR and RER in women (standardized β = 0.384, p = 0.008), while negative associations were observed between vagal‐related HRV parameters and RER in women (β ranged from −0.262 to −0.254, all p ≤ 0.042). No significant association was found between the abovementioned physiological parameters in men.

Conclusion

Here, we show that HR is positively associated with RER in young women but not in men, while vagal‐related HRV parameters are inversely related to RMR, therefore suggesting a potential sexual dimorphism between cardiac rhythm and its relationship with markers of cardiometabolic health status.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02365129.
Quantitative characterization of eosinophilia in nasal polyps with AI‐based single cell classification
Authors: Stampe Martin , Christiansen Ida Skovgaard , Backer Vibeke , Aanæs Kasper , Homøe Anne‐Sophie , Tidemandsen Jens , Nielsen Emilie Neumann , Rasmussen Sigrid Louise Hjorth , Hartvig Rasmus , Kiss Katalin , Jensen Thomas Hartvig Lindkær
Published: September 2024

Key points

Eosinophilic granulocytes have characteristic morphological features.

This makes them prime candidates for utilization of a single cell binary classification network.

Single cell binary classification networks can reliably help quantify eosinophils in nasal polyps.
A Customized Strategy Realizes Stable Cycle of Large‐Capacity and High‐Voltage Layered Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhou Zihao , Shi Ji , Xu Sheng , Yang Jie , Xu Chengrong , Zuo Daxian , Xu Jie , Ma Lianbo , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: September 2024

High‐voltage P2‐Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 layered oxide cathode exhibits significant potential for sodium‐ion batteries, owing to the elevated operating voltage and theoretical energy density beyond lithium iron phosphate, but the large‐volume phase transition is the devil. Currently, this type cathode still suffers from stability–capacity trade‐off dilemma. Herein, a concept of customized strategy via multiple rock‐forming elements trace doping is presented to address the mentioned issue. The customized Mg‐Al‐Ti trace doped cathode maintains a notable capacity of 140.3 mAh g−1 with an energy density approaching 500 Wh kg−1, and shows good cycle stability, retaining 89.0 % of its capacity after 50 cycles at 0.1 C. Additionally, the full cell, paired with a hard carbon anode, achieves an advanced energy density of 303.3 Wh kg−1. The multiple characterizations reveal the failure mechanism of contrast sample involving severe intragranular cracks coupled with layer to rock salt transformation, which reduces active substance and increases charge transfer resistance. The doped sample with increased sliding energy barrier well suppresses this phenomenon. Impressively, the customized strategy can be extended to Mg‐Fe‐Ti system. This research provides a novel concept for the design of high energy sodium‐ion cathode.
Partitioning / Self‐assembly of Artificial Water Channels – Toward Controlled Permselectivity through Bilayer Membrane
Authors: Su Dan‐Dan , van der Lee Arie , Barboiu Mihail
Published: September 2024

Artificial water channels (AWCs) have been extensively explored to mimic natural proteins, which enables to effectively transport water while blocking ions. As one of the first AWCs, self‐assembled I‐quartets (HCx) have showcased high water‐permselectivity that can be enhanced by improving their distribution and stability within membrane. The use of long alkyl chains (n>8) is constrained by their low solubility and aggregation. Herein, we considered cycloalkyl moieties, explored for the increase of the solubility favoring enhanced partition and/ for their self‐assembly behaviors resulting the formation of effective stable water‐channels with increased water permeability in bilayer membranes. This class of cycloalkyl‐ureido‐ethyl‐imidazole amphiphilic (CxUH) channel could serve as a new reference for the effective design of self‐assembled artificial water channels, it may give rise to the applications in desalination or in water treatment.
Molecular Design of Mono‐Fluorinated Ether‐Based Electrolyte for All‐Climate Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xue Yejuan , Wang Yueda , Zhang Heng , Kong Weilong , Zhou Yuxin , Kang Bo , Huang Zhimei , Xiang Hongfa
Published: September 2024

Fluorinated‐ethers are promising electrolyte solvents in lithium metal batteries, for their high antioxidant and excellent reductive stability on Li anode. However, fluorinated‐ethers with high fluorination degree suffer from low ionic conductivity and narrow temperature adaptibility. Herein, we synthesize a mono‐fluorinated linear ether of bis(2‐fluoroethoxy) methane (BFME) with enhanced solvated ability. The −OCH2O− structure and fluoride substitution on the β‐C position endows the BFME electrolyte with moderate affinity to Li+, thereby improving the ionic conductivity and decreasing the Li+‐desolvation energy barrier at a wide temperature range of −60–60 °C. Additionally, the electrolyte with anion‐participated solvation structure demonstrates high film‐forming ability by forming LiF‐rich interfacial film on the electrode surfaces, rendering the graphite anode with an initial Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 94.9 % and a Li plating/stripping CE of 99.8 % by Aurbach method. Consequently, the Graphite||LiFePO4 pouch cells delivered 83.2 %, 92.5 % and 81.2 % capacity retention after 1250, 200 and 300 cycles at 25, −20 °C and 60 °C, respectively. Moreover, the Li||LFP pouch cell with 3 Ah capacity can operate for 65 cycles with 99 % capacity retention, verifying the effectiveness of the BFME electrolyte in stabilizing the interfaces and broadening the temperature adaptibility of lithium‐ion and lithium metal batteries.
Constructing Donor‐Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient H2O2 Photosynthesis Coupled with Oxidative Organic Transformations
Authors: Liu Jianchuan , Tuo Chao , Xiao Wei‐Yun , Qi Ming‐Yu , Yusran Yusran , Wang Zitao , Li Hui , Guo Chunsheng , Song Jialong , Qiu Shilun , Xu Yi‐Jun , Fang Qianrong
Published: September 2024

The development of photocatalytic systems that enable the simultaneous production of H2O2 and value‐added organic chemicals presents a dual advantage: generating valuable products while maximizing the utilization of solar energy. Despite the potential, there are relatively few reports on photocatalysts capable of such dual functions. In this study, we synthesized a series of donor‐acceptor covalent organic frameworks (COFs), designated as JUC‐675 to JUC‐677, to explore their photocatalytic efficiency in the co‐production of H2O2 and N‐benzylbenzaldimine (BBAD). Among them, JUC‐675 exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 22.8 mmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum yield of 15.7 %, and its solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency was calculated to be 1.09 %, marking it as the most effective COF‐based photocatalyst reported to date. Additionally, JUC‐675 demonstrated a high selectivity (99.9 %) and yield (96 %) for BBAD in the oxidative coupling of benzylamine. The underlying reaction mechanism was thoroughly investigated through validation experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work represents a significant advancement in the design of COF‐based photocatalysts and the development of efficient dual‐function photocatalytic platforms, offering new insights and methodologies for enhanced solar energy utilization and the synthesis of value‐added products.
Switching CO2 Electroreduction Pathways between Ethylene and Ethanol via Tuning Microenvironment of the Coating on Copper Nanofibers
Authors: Tong Xing , Zhang Pei , Chen Peng , He Zhuosen , Kang Xinchen , Yin Yaoyu , Cheng Yingying , Zhou Meng , Jing Lihong , Wang Ce , Xu Baocai , Zheng Lirong , Xing Xueqing , Wu Zhonghua , Han Buxing
Published: September 2024

Engineering the microenvironment of electrode surface is one of the effective means to tune the reaction pathways in CO2RR. In this work, we prepared copper nanofibers with conductive polypyrrole coating by polymerization of pyrrole using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as template. As a result, the obtained copper nanofibers Cu/Cu2+1O/SHNC, exhibited a superhydrophobic surface, which demonstrated very high selectivity for ethanol with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 66.5 % at −1.1 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in flow cell. However, the catalyst Cu/Cu2+1O/NC, which was prepared under the same conditions but without PVP, possessed a hydrophobic surface and exhibited high selectivity towards ethylene at the given potentials. The mechanism for switch of reaction pathways from ethylene to ethanol in CO2RR was studied. Incorporating pyrrolidone groups into the polymer coating results in the formation of a superhydrophobic surface. This surface weakens the hydrogen bonding interaction between interfacial water molecules and facilitates the transfer of CO2, thereby enhancing the local CO2/H2O ratio. The high coverage of *CO promotes the coupling of *CO and *CHO to form C2 intermediates, and reduces the reaction energy for the formation of *CHCHOH (ethanol path) at the interface. This ensures that the reaction pathway is directed towards ethanol.
Directional Ring Translocation in a pH‐ and Redox‐Driven Tristable [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Andreoni Leonardo , Groppi Jessica , Seven Özlem , Baroncini Massimo , Credi Alberto , Silvi Serena
Published: September 2024

We describe the synthesis and characterization of a [2]rotaxane comprising a dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) macrocyclic component and a thread containing three recognition sites: ammonium (AmH+), bipyridinium (Bpy2+) and triazolium (Trz+). AmH+ and Bpy2+ are responsive to fully orthogonal stimuli, pH and electrochemical, which allows to precisely control the directional translation of the macrocycle along the axle. A better understanding of the processes driving the operation of the system was obtained thanks to an in‐depth thermodynamic characterization. Orthogonal stimuli responsive tristable rotaxanes represent the starting point for the creation of linear motors and the development of molecular logic gates.
Ternary Eutectic Electrolyte for Flexible Wide‐Temperature Zinc‐Ion Batteries from −20 °C to 70 °C
Authors: Liu Qinbo , Li Junfu , Xing Doudou , Zhou Yingjie , Yan Feng
Published: September 2024

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted attention for grid applications due to their cost‐effectiveness and high security. However, their lifespan decreases at high temperatures due to declining interfacial stability and increased side reactions. To address these challenges, a ternary deep eutectic solvent‐based flexible electrolyte, comprised of Zn(ClO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O, butanedinitrile (BD), and LiCl in an amphoteric polymer matrix, was developed to enable wide‐temperature ZIBs working from −20 °C to 70 °C. The interactions among BD, Li+, and zinc hydrate alongside the amphoteric groups on the polyelectrolyte matrix could effectively suppress the interfacial side reactions and Zn dendrites formation. Consequently, the symmetric Zn cell demonstrates exceptional stability across a wide‐temperature range, with the ability to survive up to 2780 hours (1 mA cm−2) at 50 °C. Furthermore, the flexible Zn||PANI battery can operate stably over 1000 cycles at 50 °C, boasting an initial specific capacity of 124.8 mAh g−1 and capacity retention rate of 87.9 % (3 A g−1). This work presents an effective strategy for designing high‐stability energy storage devices with excellent security features that can function reliably across diverse temperature conditions.
Ultrabroad Near Infrared Emitting Perovskites
Authors: Saikia Sajid , Gopal Animesh , Rathod Radha , Joshi Aprajita , Priolkar K. R. , Saha Surajit , Santra Pralay K. , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Nag Angshuman
Published: September 2024

Phosphor converted light emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) have revolutionized solid‐state white lighting by replacing energy‐inefficient filament‐based incandescent lamps. However, such a pc‐LED emitting ultrabroad near‐infrared (NIR) radiations still remains a challenge, primarily because of the lack of ultrabroad NIR emitting phosphors. To address this issue, we have prepared 2.5 % W4+‐doped and 2.8 % Mo4+‐doped Cs2Na0.95Ag0.05BiCl6 perovskites emitting ultrabroad NIR radiation with unprecedented spectral widths of 434 and 468 nm, respectively. Upon band‐edge excitation, the soft lattice of the host exhibits broad self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission covering NIR‐I (700 nm), which then nonradiatively excites the dopants. The
–donor ligand Cl− reduces the energy of dopant d–d transitions emitting NIR‐II with a peak at ~950 nm. Vibronic coupling broadens the dopant emission. The large spin‐orbit coupling and local structural distortion might possibly enhance the dopant emission intensity, leading to an overall NIR photoluminescence quantum yield ~40 %. The composite of our ultrabroad NIR phosphors with biodegradable polymer polylactic acid could be processed into free‐standing films and 3D printed structures. Large (170
170 
), robust, and thermally stable 3D printed pc‐LED panels emit ultrabroad NIR radiation, demonstrating NIR imaging applications.
Ultra‐Wide Modulation and Reversible Reconfiguration of a Flexible Organic Crystalline Optical Waveguide Between 645 and 731 nm
Authors: Chen Quanliang , Tang Baolei , Ye Kaiqi , Hu Hanlin , Zhang Hongyu
Published: September 2024

Flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides, which deliver input or self‐emit light through various dynamic organic crystals, have attracted increasing attention in the past decade. However, the modulation of the waveguide output relies on chemical design and substituent modification, being time‐consuming and laborious. Here we report an elastic organic crystal that displays long‐distance light transduction up to 2.0 cm and an ultra‐wide modulation of crystalline optical waveguides between red (645 nm) and near infrared (731 nm) in both the pristine and the elastically bent states based on a pre‐designed self‐absorption effect. The flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides can be precisely and reversibly reconfigured by controlling the irradiation point. In addition, deep‐red amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) that is able to transduce through a 5.0 mm bent crystal with an ultra‐low optical loss coefficient of 0.093 dB/mm has been attained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of flexible organic ASE waveguides. The present study not only provides a simple yet effective strategy to remarkably modulate flexible organic crystalline optical waveguides but also demonstrates the superiority of lasing over normal emission as flexible optical communication elements.
Adaptive output feedback time‐varying formation tracking of multi‐agent system with a leader of unknown input
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Xiaoyi , Zhan Xisheng , Cai Xiushan
Published: September 2024

This paper researches the time‐varying formation tracking (TVFT) problem of linear multi‐agent systems (MASs). By designing a compensator, the problem of time‐varying formation can be considered as the output regulation problem. Thereby, the distributed output feedback controller combined with an adaptive technique is proposed. With this controller, follower agents achieve the desired time‐varying formation and follow the trajectory of the leader agent. Furthermore, extending the designed controller to the case where the leader agent equips with unknown control input. Using Lyapunov stability theory, it is demonstrated that under proper conditions the given protocol is implementable. Simulation example is presented at the end of the paper to illustrate the effectiveness of designed control mechanism.
The use of formal language as a strong sign of verbal autistic children in diglossic communities: The case of Arabic
Authors: Francis Konstantinos , Alshammari Nasser , Alsulaihim Nailah , Aboukhamseen Suja , El Dardiri Mohammad , AlRashidi Fawzeiah , Ridha Hashem Almutaz , AL‐Hassan Mada , Terzi Arhonto
Published: September 2024

The current study aimed to investigate whether the use of formal language (Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) by young children in diglossic Arab communities offers diagnostic insights, especially for verbal autistic children and to further explore this phenomenon. We used a cohort study design, with 4–6‐year‐old fluent first language Arabic‐speaking children attending Arabic Kindergartens in two representative Kuwait governates. Reported cases for MSA use were assessed via a computer‐based structured language test and corroborated cases were further assessed for exposure to sources of MSA, verbal IQ, temperamental characteristics, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Four children from the same class without developmental difficulties were selected for each MSA user as control group. The frequency of MSA use among verbal pre‐schoolers was 0.46%. Use of MSA did not correlate with parents' education, amount of exposure to MSA, verbal IQ, but with severity of ASD. Predicted probability of ASD in the presence of MSA was 0.86. Executive functions of ASD‐MSA users were similar to those of the control group and significantly higher than unselected autistic peers in the literature. The use of MSA has the potential to serve as a strong sign for the diagnosis of verbal autistic children, often missed or delayed in being diagnosed. We also discuss strategies via which language is acquired in ASD.
Fabrication of In Situ‐Cross‐Linked N‐Succinyl Chitosan/Oxidized Alginate Hydrogel‐Loaded Ascorbic Acid and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Duong Thanh‐Thuong Le , Vu Binh Thanh , Ta Hanh Thi‐Kieu , Vo Quan Minh , Le Thanh Dinh , Nguyen Thi‐Hiep
Published: September 2024

Bone tissue engineering is a promising technology being studied globally to become an effective and sustainable method to treat the problems of damaged or diseased bones. In this work, we developed an in situ cross‐linking hydrogel system that combined N‐succinyl chitosan (NSC) and oxidized alginate (OA) at varying mixing ratios through Schiff base cross‐linking. The hydrogel system also contains biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and ascorbic acid (AA), which could enhance biological characteristics and accelerate bone repair. The hydrogels' properties were examined through physicochemical tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), pore size and porosity measurement, swelling ratio, degradation rate, AA release study, as well as cytocompatibility, including live/dead and cytotoxicity assays. The results revealed that the supplementation of AA and BCP components can affect the physico‐mechanical properties of the hydrogel system. However, they exhibited noncytotoxic properties. Overall, the results demonstrated that the hydrogel composed of 3% (w/v) NSC and 3% (w/v) OA (NSC: OA volume ratio is 8:2) loaded with 40% (w/w) BCP and 0.3 mg/mL AA has the potential for bone regeneration.
Development and validation of a highly sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of Huperzine A in rat plasma
Authors: Zhang Kejun , Wang Haizhou
Published: September 2024

Huperzine A is a reversible and selective cholinesterase inhibitor and has been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's diseases. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific ulta‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of Huperzine A in rat plasma. An aliquot of 50 μL of rat plasma sample was pretreated with 200 μL of acetonitrile‐methanol (v/v; 1:1) containing 0.2% formic acid followed by solid phase extraction. The resulting sample was separated on a Waters ACQUITY BEH C18 column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis of Huperzine A in positive electrospray ionization. In the concentration range of 0.01–10 ng/mL, Huperzine A showed excellent linearity with correlation coefficient > 0.998. The intra‐ and inter‐day RSD% were less than 9.7%, while the RE% ranged from −6.7% to 10.0%. The mean recovery was >84.5%. The validated method was demonstrated to be selective, sensitive, and reliable, which has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of Huperzine A in rat plasma. Huperzine A displayed a long half‐life in rat plasma and high oral bioavailability.
Study on the metabolism of Xiao–Jian–Zhong–Tang in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis coupled with bioinformatics
Authors: Guo Jun Jie , Lu Wen Tian , Liu Yue Tao
Published: September 2024

Xiao–Jian–Zhong–Tang (XJZT) has the effect of warming the middle and tonifying the deficiency, easing the urgency and relieving pain according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and is able to treat spleen deficiency type chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Metabolites of TCM in cecum contents are common metabolites of intestinal bacteria and hosts, which can reflect the metabolic status in disease states. The present work was performed to study the effect of XJZT against CAG coupled with the cecal metabolites analysis and bioinformatics. A total of nine prototypical components and 144 metabolites were firstly identified in the cecum metabolites of XJZT using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography added to the quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS), which underwent the metabolism of oxidation, reduction, methylation, and glucuronic acid reaction Furthermore, different prototypical compounds might metabolize into identical metabolites in the presence of intestinal flora. Bioinformatics was further used to correlate these metabolites with the disease and intestinal flora. Components and targets were screened by Cytoscape, and molecular docking of key targets and core components showed good binding ability. This study provided important information for exploring the mechanism of TCM formulae.