bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A system dynamics approach to the balanced scorecard: a review and dynamic strategy map for operations management
Authors: Hristov Ivo , Cristofaro Matteo , Camilli Riccardo , Leoni Luna
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to (1) identify the different performance drivers (lead indicators) and outcome measures (lag indicators) investigated in the literature concerning the four balanced scorecard (BSC) perspectives in operations management (OM) contexts and (2) understand how performance drivers and outcome measures (and substantiated perspectives) are related.

Design/methodology/approach

We undertake a systematic literature review of the BSC literature in OM journals. From the final sample of 40 articles, performance drivers and outcome measures have been identified, and the relationships amongst them have been synthesised according to the system dynamics approach.

Findings

Findings show (1) the most relevant performance drivers and outcome measures within each BSC perspective, (2) their relationships, (3) how the perspectives are linked through the performance drivers and outcome measures and (4) how the different measures relate systemically. Accordingly, four causal loops amongst identified measures have been built, which – jointly considered – allowed for the creation of a dynamic strategy map for OM.

Originality/value

This study is the first one that provides a comprehensive and holistic view of how the different performance drivers and outcome measures within and between the four BSC perspectives in OM relate systemically, increasing the knowledge and understanding of scholars and practitioners.
An innovative method to solve the maintenance task allocation and packing problem
Authors: Filho José Nogueira da Mata , de Mesquita Antonio Celio Pereira , Abrahão Fernando Teixeira Mendes , Rocha Guilherme C.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the optimization process involved in the aircraft maintenance allocation and packing problem. The aircraft industry misses a part of the optimization potential while developing maintenance plans. This research provides the modeling foundation for the missing part considering the failure behavior of components, costs involved with all maintenance tasks and opportunity costs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study models the cost-effectiveness of support against the availability to come up with an optimization problem. The mathematical problem was solved with an exact algorithm. Experiments were performed with real field and synthetically generated data, to validate the correctness of the model and its potential to provide more accurate and better engineered maintenance plans.

Findings

The solution procedure provided excellent results by enhancing the overall arrangement of the tasks, resulting in higher availability rates and a substantial decrease in total maintenance costs. In terms of situational awareness, it provides the user with the flexibility to better manage resource constraints while still achieving optimal results.

Originality/value

This is an innovative research providing a state-of-the-art mathematical model and an algorithm for efficiently solving a task allocation and packing problem by incorporating components’ due flight time, failure probability, task relationships, smart allocation of common preparation tasks, operational profile and resource limitations.
Effects of economic freedom and ease of doing business on trade in global value chains: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Chala Badassa W.
Published: February 2024

Inspired by the recent drastic shift in international trade from traditional to global value chains, this study analyzed the effects of economic freedom and ease of doing business on participation and position of sub‐Saharan Africa in global value chains. Panel data from 41 sub‐Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2018 were used. The study utilized a tobit estimator along with a fixed effects estimator. The findings show that economic freedom—namely, better regulation and sound money—positively influence the countries' participation in global value chains. Moreover, improving ease of doing business, such as by decreasing customs duties and simplifying procedures to register new businesses, enhances the countries' level of participation and their efforts to move upstream along the global value chains. The results are robust to different specifications. Therefore, sub‐Saharan African countries should promote economic freedom and ease of doing business to participate in and reap benefits offered by the current wave of globalization. Specifically, sub‐Saharan African countries should further reduce the number of procedures required to register new businesses, decrease tariffs and non‐tariffs barriers to trade in global value chains to enhance their participation and position along global value chains.
Pacifying problem places: How problem property interventions increase guardianship and reduce disorder and crime
Authors: Zoorob Michael , O'Brien Daniel T.
Published: February 2024

Crime is highly concentrated at places that lack capable place managers (i.e., landlords and their delegates). In response, numerous cities have instituted problem property interventions that pressure landowners to better manage properties suffering from decay, nuisance, or crime. This approach is distinctive in that it both targets a place and incentivizes those legally responsible to improve its management, yet little is known about the efficacy of such interventions. We assess the short‐ and long‐term impacts of such interventions in Boston, Massachusetts, using matched difference‐in‐difference analyses. Problem property interventions reduced crime and disorder relative to comparable matched properties. They also led to property investment and landowner turnover, suggesting strengthened place management. In addition, drops in crime and disorder were observed at other properties on the same street, although not at other properties with the same owner throughout the city. This study, therefore, provides evidence that problem property interventions compel landowners to better manage the targeted property and that these effects have a diffusion of benefits on surrounding properties. The effect on place management, however, was limited to the target property and did not reliably generalize to the landowner's other holdings. This study reveals nuance in the ways that problem property interventions can benefit communities.
High‐efficiency genome editing by Cas12a ribonucleoprotein complex in Euglena gracilis
Authors: Nomura Toshihisa , Kim June‐Silk , Ishikawa Marumi , Suzuki Kengo , Mochida Keiichi
Published: February 2024

Transgene‐free genome editing based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is key to achieving genetic engineering in microalgae for basic research and industrial applications. Euglena gracilis, a unicellular phytoflagellate microalga, is a promising biomaterial for foods, feeds, cosmetics and biofuels. However, methods for the genetic manipulation of E. gracilis are still limited. Here, we developed a high‐efficiency, transgene‐free genome editing method for E. gracilis using Lachnospiraceae bacterium CRISPR‐associated protein 12a (LbCas12a) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which complements the previously established Cas9 RNP‐based method. Through the direct delivery of LbCas12a‐containing RNPs, our method reached mutagenesis rates of approximately 77.2–94.5% at two different E. gracilis target genes, Glucan synthase‐like 2 (EgGSL2) and a phytoene synthase gene (EgcrtB). Moreover, in addition to targeted mutagenesis, we demonstrated efficient knock‐in and base editing at the target site using LbCas12a‐based RNPs with a single‐stranded DNA donor template in E. gracilis. This study extends the genetic engineering capabilities of Euglena to accelerate its basic use for research and engineering for bioproduction.
Meeting muscle‐strengthening recommendation is associated with lower adiposity, higher physical fitness and healthier lifestyle in adolescents: The EHDLA study
Authors: Duarte Junior Miguel Angelo , Gaya Anelise Reis , Mello Júlio Brugnara , Faigenbaum Avery D. , García‐Hermoso Antonio , López‐Gil José Francisco
Published: February 2024

Aim

To determine the prevalence of adolescents who meet muscle‐strengthening activities (MSA) recommendation and their associations with anthropometric variables, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12–17 years.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study using data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. Participants reported the days on which they engaged in MSA (≥3 days per week were considered to meet World Health Organization recommendation). Physical fitness was assessed with the ALPHA fitness battery. Additionally, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and body fat percentage were assessed. Lifestyle variables were recreational screen time, sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The associations between MSA and outcome variables were tested with linear and logistic regressions.

Results

Of the 852 participants, 48% met MSA recommendation. Meeting MSA recommendation was associated with lower adiposity and higher performance in the shuttle run test, maximal oxygen consumption, standing long jump, speed‐agility, flexibility, lower screen time (in weekdays) and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Conclusion

Engaging in MSA once or twice a week was linked with more desirable health outcomes than not engaging in such activities. However, meet with MSA recommendation (i.e., at least 3 days per week) reinforced these benefits.
He's to blame, she is lying: Judgments of child sex trafficking survivors
Authors: Petty Taylor , Wiener Richard L.
Published: February 2024

US Federal legislation mandates the treatment of underaged youth induced to sell themselves for commercial sex as victims and not criminal offenders of prostitution laws. Nonetheless, state prosecutors often take action in juvenile court against these youth. This study explored the impact of negative moral emotions, victim blame, and victim believability on public judgments of child sex trafficking victims under varying case facts. We presented an online scenario involving a trafficking case to 682 participants and manipulated youth sex, trafficker sex, vulnerability background, and prior arrest history to determine how emotions, victim blame, and believability mediate child sex trafficking decisions. Two different paths emerged depending on the youth's sex. Participants reported greater victim responsibility and greater negative moral emotions towards a male youth trafficked by a female when he had a prior commercial sex arrest, which in turn predicted a lower certainty of recommending social services over legal consequences. With the same facts, participants reported lower believability for a female youth when she had a prior commercial sex arrest, which in turn predicted a lower certainty of recommending social services over legal consequences. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications of the findings for practice and theory.
I think they just logged on and fell asleep: Challenges to facilitating creativity online in higher engineering education
Authors: Wolf Patricia , Cormican Kathryn , Frederiksen Marianne Harbo , Wilhøft Andreas , Ulus Hüseyin Ekrem , Kunz Christoph , Andiç‐Çakır Özge , Sarsar Fırat , van Leeuwen Manon
Published: February 2024

Creativity is a crucial skill for future engineers. Hence, it is becoming increasingly important for higher education (HE) engineering educators to foster and enhance engineering students' creative abilities. Simultaneously, online learning has found a place in engineering education. Nevertheless, we find that HE engineering educators in all domains continue to express a sense of inadequacy when it comes to fostering creativity in hybrid and online learning environments. This sentiment persists despite the existence of scholarly work that suggests strategies for addressing these challenges. In this paper, we assume that the rationale behind this is that the proposed pedagogical approaches are primarily established through conceptual reflections, whereas the perspective of the HE engineering educators on the perceived barriers has thus far been largely neglected. Therefore, we present a study that uses data from experience interviews and focus group techniques involving 71 HE engineering educators from Ireland, Germany, Denmark and Turkey to identify the common challenges that HE engineering educators perceive when facilitating creativity in online and hybrid classroom environments. These are used to extend theory by developing a four‐field conceptual model organizing the eight overarching challenges encountered. This model can be used as a basis for defining measures to support HE engineering educators in facilitating creativity online and serves as a guide for future research studies.
This too shall pass, but when? Children's and adults' beliefs about the time duration of emotions, desires, and preferences
Authors: Kramer Hannah J. , Lara Karen Hjortsvang , Gweon Hyowon , Zaki Jamil , Miramontes Maritza , Lagattuta Kristin Hansen
Published: February 2024

This research investigated children's and adults' understanding of the mind by assessing beliefs about the temporal features of mental states. English‐speaking North American participants, varying in socioeconomic status (Study 1: N = 50 adults; Study 2: N = 112, 8‐ to 10‐year‐olds and adults; and Study 3: N = 116, 5‐ to 7‐year‐olds and adults; tested 2017–2022), estimated the duration (seconds to a lifetime) of emotions, desires (wanting), preferences (liking), and control trials (e.g., napping and having eyes). Participants were 56% female and 44% male; 32% Asian, 1% Black, 13% Hispanic/Latino, 38% White (non‐Hispanic/Latino), and 16% multiracial or another race/ethnicity. Children and adults judged that preferences last longer than emotions and desires, with age differences in distinguishing specific emotions by duration (). By 5 to 7 years, ideas about the mind include consideration of time.
Research hotpots and frontier trends of neuroprotective effects of magnesium from 1999 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Song Baoying , Jiang Miaowen , Zhang Yang , Xu Yi , Wu Chuanjie , Wu Di , Zhou Chen , Li Ming , Ji Xunming
Published: February 2024

Background

The neuroprotective effect of magnesium has been widely discussed, and its effectiveness has been confirmed by animal and clinical trials. However, there are still difficulties in clinical translation in diseases such as cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the literatures about neuroprotection of magnesium to reveal a more comprehensive knowledge framework, research hotspots and trends in the future.

Methods

Original articles and reviews related to neuroprotective effects of magnesium from 1999 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The bibliometrics CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software was used to conduct co‐occurrence/co‐citation network analysis and plot knowledge visualization maps.

Results

A total of 762 articles from 216 institutions in 64 countries were included in this study. The United States had the largest number of publications, followed by China and Canada. The University of California, UDICE‐French Research Universities, and the University of Adelaide were the top three institutions in publication volume. Crowther Caroline A was the most published and cited author. Among the top 10 cited articles, there were seven articles on neuroprotection in preterm infants and three on acute stroke. Keyword cluster analysis obtained 11 clusters, showing that current research hotspots focused on magnesium therapy in neurovascular diseases such as cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and emerging treatment strategies.

Conclusion

The neuroprotective effects of magnesium in preterm infants have been extensively studied and adequately confirmed. The therapeutic effects of magnesium on cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage have been demonstrated in animal models. However, the results of clinical studies were not satisfactory, and exploring new therapeutic strategies may be the solution. Recently, the combination of magnesium and hypothermia had great potential in neuroprotective therapy and may become a development trend and hotspot in the future.
A novel NMDA receptor modulator: the antidepressant effect and mechanism of GW043
Authors: Tiliwaerde Murezati , Gao Nana , Yang Yaqi , Jin Zengliang
Published: February 2024

Aims

The N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) has been proven to be strongly correlated with rapid antidepressant effects. Here, GW043, as a new compound targeting NMDAR, we explored its antidepressant effects and its mechanism of action.

Methods

Our study utilized electrophysiological techniques to confirm the effect of GW043 on NMDAR currents. Additionally, we assessed the selectivity of GW043 through high‐throughput receptor‐ligand binding experiments. The antidepressant properties of GW043 were examined using rodent behavioral models including the Forced Swim Test (FST), Tail Suspension Test (TST), and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS). Mechanistic insight into GW043's onset was gained through western blot analysis, BrdU staining, Golgi staining, and electrophysiological techniques.

Results

Electrophysiological studies indicated that GW043 acts as a partial agonist of NMDAR. Behavioral experiments confirmed the antidepressant effect of GW043 in rodents. Mechanistic investigations revealed that GW043 modulates synaptic plasticity through the LTP and BDNF‐mTOR pathways, consequently leading to an increase in the number of newborn neurons and subsequent antidepressant effects.

Conclusion

Our findings disclose that GW043, as a partial agonist of NMDAR, can reverse depression‐like behaviors in rats by modulating synaptic plasticity, indicating its potential as an antidepressant agent.
Transcription factor CEBPB mediates intracranial aneurysm rupture by inflammatory and immune response
Authors: Tian Zhongbin , Wu Xuefang , Zhang Baorui , Li Wei , Wang Chao
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Genetic factors play a major part in mediating intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. However, research on the role of transcription factors (TFs) in IA rupture is rare.

Aims

Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the TFs and related functional pathways involved in IA rupture.

Results

A total of 63 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) were obtained. Significantly enriched biological processes of these DETFs were related to regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. The top 10 DETFs were screened based on the MCC algorithm from the protein–protein interaction network. After screening and validation, it was finally determined that CEBPB may be the hub gene for aneurysm rupture. The GSEA results of CEBPB were mainly associated with the inflammatory response, which was also verified by the experimental model of cellular inflammation in vitro.

Conclusion

The inflammatory and immune response may be closely associated with aneurysm rupture. CEBPB may be the hub gene for aneurysm rupture and may have diagnostic value. Therefore, CEBPB may serve as the diagnostic signature for RIAs and a potential target for intervention.
Association between plasma CTRPs with cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Huang Xiao , Zhao Jialing , Wang Qinghua , Yan Tingqi , Gou Shu , Zhu Xiaofeng , Yang Liu , Ye Fang , Zhang Jie , Wang Yanjiang , Yang Shaojie , Le Weidong , Xiang Yang
Published: February 2024

Aims

Recent evidence indicated the biological basis of complement 1q (C1q)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related protein (CTRP) 3, 4, and 14 for affecting brain structure and cognitive function. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma CTRPs with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

A multicenter, cross‐sectional study recruited patients with AD (n = 137) and cognitively normal (CN) controls (n = 140). After the data collection of demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and medical history, plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (pT217), pT181, neurofilament light (NfL), CTRP3, 4, and 14 were examined and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associations of plasma CTPRs with the presence of AD. The correlation analysis was used to explore correlations between plasma CTPRs with scores of Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB), and levels of plasma pT217, pT181, and NfL. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Delong's test were used to determine the diagnostic power of plasma CTPRs.

Results

Plasma levels of CTRP3, 4, and 14 were higher in AD group than those in CN group. After adjusting for conventional risk factors, CTRP3, CTRP4, and CTRP14 were associated with the presence of AD. In AD patients, CTRP3 was negatively correlated with scores of MMSE and MoCA, while positively correlated with ADL score, CDR‐SB score, pT217, and pT181; CTRP4 was positively correlated with CDR‐SB score, pT181, and NfL; CTRP14 was negatively correlated with MMSE score, while positively correlated with CDR‐SB score, pT217, and NfL. An independent addition of CTRP3 and 4 to the basic model combining age, sex, years of education, APOE4 status, BMI, TG, and HDL‐C led to a significant improvement in diagnostic power for AD, respectively.

Conclusions

All the findings preliminarily uncovered associations between plasma CTRPs and AD and suggested the potential of CTRPs as a blood‐derived biomarker for AD.
Gut microbiota regulates hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury‐induced cognitive dysfunction via the HDAC2‐ACSS2 axis in mice
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Li Zhen , Sun Tianning , Li Zhixiao , Manyande Anne , Xiang Hongbing , He Zhigang
Published: February 2024

Aims

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) resulting from hepatic inflow occlusion, which is a common procedure in liver surgery is inevitable. Previous research has confirmed that the cognitive dysfunction induced by HIRI is closely related to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This research aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying this complication.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice underwent hepatic ischemia experimentally through the occlusion of the left hepatic artery and portal vein. To assess the HDAC2‐ACSS2 axis, gut microbiota transplantation. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and LC/MS short‐chain fatty acid detection were utilized.

Results

The findings indicated a notable decline in ACSS2 expression in the hippocampus of mice experiencing hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury, emphasizing the compromised acetate metabolism in this particular area. Furthermore, the cognitive impairment phenotype and the dysregulation of the HDAC2‐ACSS2 axis could also be transmitted to germ‐free mice via fecal microbial transplantation. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed reduced Acetyl‐coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA) and Acetylated lysine levels in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that acetate metabolism is impaired in the hippocampus of HIRI‐induced cognitive impairment mice and related to dysbiosis, leading to compromised histone acetylation.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate in ostomy patients
Authors: Siemund Ingrid , Dahlin Jakob , Mowitz Martin , Hamnerius Nils , Svedman Cecilia
Published: February 2024

Background

Many people live with ostomies after life‐saving surgery. Ostomy patients often suffer from peristomal dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has been reported, mostly due to contact allergy (CA) to topical agents.

Objectives

We present three patients with therapy resistant peristomal dermatitis, suggesting ACD caused by different stoma products.

Methods

Patch testing was performed with baseline series, additional series, and selected allergens. They were also tested with their own ostomy products as is and separate extracts of the products. Extracts were analysed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS).

Results

In all three patients we diagnosed CA to 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), +++ in case (C) 1 and 3, ++ in C 2. HDDA was detected in C 2's ostomy pouch adhesive and in C 1's and 3's flange extenders used to improve the adhesion of the ostomy pouches.

Conclusion

Therapy resistant peristomal dermatitis should always be suspected of ACD and patch testing, especially with the patient's own products, should be performed.
Negative self‐reference as a component of subthreshold psychotic symptoms in clinical high‐risk youth
Authors: Sloan Michelle , Sturner Rebecca , Addington Jean , Cornblatt Barbara , Granholm Eric , Cadenhead Kristin S.
Published: February 2024

Aim

Schizophrenia is a leading cause of disability worldwide; early detection and intervention are critical. Early in their illness, individuals at clinical high‐risk (CHR) for psychosis have subthreshold psychotic symptoms that are often derogatory and self‐directed. We hypothesized that CHR participants with negative self‐reference (NSR) as a component of subthreshold psychosis would also have higher levels of social anxiety and depression, lower self‐esteem and lower social/role/global functioning as compared with CHR participants without NSR.

Methods

One hundred and sixty‐eight participants from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) funded Regroup Cognitive Behavioural Social Skills Training (CBSST) study were included. Clinical vignettes that included the Scale of Psychosis‐Risk Symptoms were coded categorically to indicate whether NSR was present. t‐tests were used to determine the association between NSR, symptom, and functional measures.

Results

Participants with NSR demonstrated significantly more social interaction anxiety (p < .001), negative beliefs about the self (p ≤ .001), defeatist beliefs (p < .05), depressive symptoms (p < .05) and positive symptoms (p < .005). There were no significant differences in social self‐efficacy, positive or negative beliefs about others, positive beliefs about the self or psychosocial functioning between the two groups.

Conclusions

Clinically significant differences were found between CHR participants with and without NSR, suggesting that this may be a useful factor to identify and address. Follow‐up studies are needed to determine whether NSR responds to CBSST and whether or not its resolution would be associated with improvement in other symptom domains.
Medical history complexity of patients attending dental student restorative treatment clinics compared with dental emergency clinics
Authors: Atkin Philip Alan , Tejura Sonali , Simms Melanie Lousie
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Dental students should graduate from undergraduate programmes with the knowledge and skills to safely manage patients. This requires exposure to patients with a range of medical needs, which may impact the planning and delivery of care.

Aims and Objectives

We wished to establish the medical history complexity of patients presenting to student restorative clinics and compare them to patients attending a dental emergency clinic.

Materials and Methods

We recorded the medical history data of 200 anonymised patients attending student restorative clinics and compared them to previously collected data from 200 dental emergency clinic patients. We collected basic demographic data (age/gender) and noted the number of medical disorders, amount of comorbidity and the number and types of medications for each patient.

Results

The age and medical complexity of patients were different, with fewer young patients seen in the dental restorative clinics. Patients attending restorative clinics were more likely to have multiple comorbidities and took greater numbers and types of medications than those seen in dental emergency clinics.

Conclusions

For patients seen in student restorative clinics, medical histories are taken once at the beginning of care and the subsequent treatment plan is delivered over many appointments accounting for that medical history. Emergency clinic patients attend for single treatment episodes and their medical complexity is immediately relevant to the treatment offered. Students have multiple, single encounters with patients in emergency clinics. In both clinics, dental treatment plans need to be adjusted to account for patients' drugs and diseases, providing opportunities to consolidate human disease learning.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in myelofibrosis patients treated with ruxolitinib may predict prognosis and rate of discontinuation
Authors: Laganà Alessandro , Passucci Mauro , Pepe Sara , Scalzulli Emilia , Carmosino Ida , Costa Alessandro , Bisegna Maria Laura , Ielo Claudia , Martelli Maurizio , Breccia Massimo
Published: February 2024

Background

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (Ph‐MPN). MF is featured by an inflammatory condition that can also drive the progression of disease. Ruxolitinib (ruxo) is the‐first‐in‐class Jak1/2 inhibitor approved for treatment of MF, proved to reduce spleen volume and decrease symptom burden. In various malignancies neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been indicated as predictor of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). NLR might reflect the balance between systemic inflammation and immunity and is emerging as a prognostic biomarker in several neoplasms, including the hematological ones.

Methods

We analyzed a cohort of 140 MF patients treated with ruxo to validate baseline NLR (as a continuous variable and as a cut‐off 2) as predictor of OS and of ruxo treatment discontinuation.

Results

We found that both baseline NLR as a continuous variable [HR 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7–0.9) (p = .006)] and NLR (<2 vs. ≥2) [HR 3.4 (95% CI: 1.6–7.0) (p = .001)] were significantly associated with OS. Censoring for patients undergone allotransplant, baseline NLR <2 was predictive of an earlier ruxo any‐other‐cause discontinuation [HR 3.7 (95%CI 1.7–8.3) (p < .001)].

Conclusions

NLR before starting ruxo treatment may be used as a simple and early predictor of OS and earlier ruxo discontinuation in clinical practice.
Associations between facial expressions and observational pain in residents with dementia and chronic pain
Authors: Pu Lihui , Coppieters Michel W. , Smalbrugge Martin , Jones Cindy , Byrnes Joshua , Todorovic Michael , Moyle Wendy
Published: February 2024

Aim

To identify specific facial expressions associated with pain behaviors using the PainChek application in residents with dementia.

Design

This is a secondary analysis from a study exploring the feasibility of PainChek to evaluate the effectiveness of a social robot (PARO) intervention on pain for residents with dementia from June to November 2021.

Methods

Participants experienced PARO individually five days per week for 15 min (once or twice) per day for three consecutive weeks. The PainChek app assessed each resident's pain levels before and after each session. The association between nine facial expressions and the adjusted PainChek scores was analyzed using a linear mixed model.

Results

A total of 1820 assessments were completed with 46 residents. Six facial expressions were significantly associated with a higher adjusted PainChek score. Horizontal mouth stretch showed the strongest association with the score, followed by brow lowering parting lips, wrinkling of the nose, raising of the upper lip and closing eyes. However, the presence of cheek raising, tightening of eyelids and pulling at the corner lip were not significantly associated with the score. Limitations of using the PainChek app were identified.

Conclusion

Six specific facial expressions were associated with observational pain scores in residents with dementia. Results indicate that automated real‐time facial analysis is a promising approach to assessing pain in people with dementia. However, it requires further validation by human observers before it can be used for decision‐making in clinical practice.

Impact

Pain is common in people with dementia, while assessing pain is challenging in this group. This study generated new evidence of facial expressions of pain in residents with dementia. Results will inform the development of valid artificial intelligence‐based algorithms that will support healthcare professionals in identifying pain in people with dementia in clinical situations.

Reporting Method

The study adheres to the CONSORT reporting guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

One resident with dementia and two family members of people with dementia were consulted and involved in the study design, where they provided advice on the protocol, information sheets and consent forms, and offered valuable insights to ensure research quality and relevance.

Trial Registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number (ACTRN12621000837820).
Assessing women's and health professionals' views on developing a midwifery‐led mobile health app intervention in pregnancy: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Dai Yaming , Min Hui , Sun Liping , Wang Xiaojiao , Zhu Chunxiang , Gu Chunyi
Published: February 2024

Aims

To explore women's and health professionals' views on the development of a midwifery‐led mHealth app intervention in antenatal care and their demands for app functionality.

Design

Descriptive qualitative research was utilized.

Methods

In total, 15 pregnant or postpartum women were interviewed via in‐depth interviews and 10 health professionals including obstetricians, midwives and obstetric nurses were invited to participate in a focus group discussion (FGD). All interviews and the FGD were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Four key themes emerged from the data, including (1) limitations of current maternity care services; (2) potential benefits for mHealth app‐based midwifery care; (3) possible challenges for providing midwifery care through mHealth apps and (4) suggestions and needs for developing a midwifery‐led mHealth app. Participants agreed on the potential need of developing a midwifery‐led mHealth app in antenatal care to increase access to midwifery care services and to meet women's diverse needs. Participants preferred to develop professional, reliable, full‐featured and interactive mobile applications. The main functions of midwifery‐led mHealth apps included personalized assessment and health education, self‐monitoring and feedback, data sharing and interactive functions. Women mentioned that online communication and consultation with midwives could help them receive continuous support outside facilities. Health professionals expressed it would be of great convenience and timeliness to send personalized messages to women and to inform them of healthy lifestyles during pregnancy. The challenges included a shortage of human resources, medico‐legal risks associated with mHealth and data security risks.

Conclusions

This study explores the individual views and functional needs of target users and healthcare providers for developing a midwifery‐led mHealth app in antenatal care, which will serve as a reference for future application development.

Impact

Our study has important and practical implications for guiding the development of future midwifery‐led mHealth app interventions.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A systematic review of research on staff training as an intervention to develop communication in children and adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Ware Jean , Buell Susan , Chadwick Darren D. , Bradshaw Jill , Goldbart Juliet
Published: February 2024

Introduction

This paper aims to identify to what extent staff training interventions are successful in enhancing the development of communication skills in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Methods

A systematic review was undertaken, conforming to PRISMA guidelines. English language, peer reviewed, empirical studies of staff training interventions to enhance the communication of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities were included. Databases Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, Linguistics and Language Behaviour Abstracts (LLBA) and Medline were searched in July 2015 and updated in December 2022. Quality appraisal was conducted on 13 studies using Crowe's Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT).

Results

Few good quality evaluations of interventions were found. Challenges to research rigour included the diversity of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, small sample sizes, intervention intensity and the management of fidelity.

Conclusions

Manualised and bespoke interventions showed promise in improving staff communication and responsiveness.
Clinicians' experiences of learning to use eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy with people with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative study
Authors: McKillop Eleanor , Spencer Alison , Marrington Cathryn
Published: February 2024

Background

Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) is a NICE recommended treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder within the general population. Ongoing research is now investigating the use of EMDR for individuals with intellectual disability. Alongside quantitative research efforts, it is beneficial to explore the qualitative experience of clinicians adopting EMDR in their practice. The current study interviewed newly trained EMDR therapists working in intellectual disability services.

Method

Participants (six Clinical Psychologists from an NHS learning disability service) had recently undertaken EMDR training as part of a wider randomised control trial (Trauma‐AID). Interviews were qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes emerged; learning EMDR, conducting EMDR and external factors, with respect to clinicians' experiences.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to provide guidance and reassurance for clinicians currently using or hoping to use this therapy with people with intellectual disabilities.
The Family Game to support parents with intellectual disability in managing challenging behaviours: A replication
Authors: Tremblay Joany , Douard Elise , Lanovaz Marc J.
Published: February 2024

Background

Although many parents with intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate good parenting practices, some parents experience difficulties in managing challenging behaviours. One potential solution to this issue involves using The Family Game, a program designed to teach parents with ID how to manage challenging behaviours in their child.

Aims

The purpose of our study was to conduct an independent replication of an investigation that had been performed by the developer of the program.

Materials & Methods

We used a multiple baseline design to examine the effects of The Family Game on the behaviour of two parents with ID who had a 3‐year‐old child.

Results

Similarly to the original study, our results indicate that The Family Game improved the use of effective parenting strategies during role play, but that these gains failed to generalise to real‐life settings.

Conclusion

The study further supports the necessity of adding novel strategies to the game to better promote generalisation.
Nocturnal blood pressure dipping, blood pressure variability, and cognitive function in early and middle‐aged adults
Authors: Massengale Katerina , Barnes Vernon A. , Williams Celestin , Mansuri Asifhusen , Norland Kimberly , Altvater Michelle , Bailey Hallie , Harris Ryan A. , Su Shaoyong , Wang Xiaoling
Published: February 2024

Higher nighttime blood pressure (BP), less BP dipping, and higher BP variability have been linked with worse cognitive function in the elderly. The goal of this study is to explore whether this relationship already exists in early and middle adulthood. We further examined whether ethnic differences between African Americans and European Americans in BP parameters can explain ethnic differences in cognitive function. 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring and cognitive function were obtained from 390 participants (average age: 37.2 years with a range of 25–50; 54.9% African Americans; 63.6% females). We observed that higher nighttime BP, decreased dipping, and higher variability were significantly associated with lower scores on the Picture Sequence Memory Test. Significant negative associations between variability and overall composite scores were also observed. No significant associations between average 24‐h or daytime BP and cognitive function were observed. Ethnic differences in nighttime diastolic pressures and dipping can explain 6.81% to 10.8% of the ethnicity difference in the score of the Picture Sequence Memory Test (ps < .05). This study suggests that the associations of nighttime BP, dipping, and variability with cognitive function already exist in young and middle‐aged adults. Ethnic differences in nighttime BP and dipping can at least partially explain ethnic differences in cognitive function. The stronger association of these parameters with cognitive function than daytime or average BP in this age range raises the importance of using ambulatory BP monitoring for more precise detection of abnormal BP patterns in young adulthood.
Methyltransferase‐like 3 mediated RNA m6A modifications in the reproductive system: Potentials for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Su Xiaojuan , Lu Ruifeng , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi
Published: February 2024

Several studies have highlighted the functional indispensability of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) in the reproductive system. However, a review that comprehensively interprets these studies and elucidates their relationships is lacking. Therefore, the present work aimed to review studies that have investigated the functions of METTL3 in the reproductive system (including spermatogenesis, follicle development, gametogenesis, reproductive cancer, asthenozoospermia and assisted reproduction failure). This review suggests that METTL3 functions not only essential for normal development, but also detrimental in the occurrence of disorders. In addition, promising applications of METTL3 as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for reproductive disorders have been proposed. Collectively, this review provides comprehensive interpretations, novel insights, potential applications and future perspectives on the role of METTL3 in regulating the reproductive system, which may be a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians.
Temperature‐sensitive hydrogel releasing pectolinarin facilitate scarless wound healing
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , Song Haoyue , Song Kun , Zhang Yuan , Wang Jia , Hong Jinjia , Xie Qingpeng , Zhao Jing , Liu Meixian , Wang Xing
Published: February 2024

The dressing that promotes scarless healing is essential for both normal function and aesthetics after a wound. With a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in scar formation during the wound healing process, the ideal dressing becomes clearer and more promising. For instance, the yes‐associated transcriptional regulator (YAP) has been extensively studied as a key gene involved in regulating scar formation. However, there has been limited attention given to pectolinarin, a natural flavonoid that may exhibit strong binding affinity to YAP, in the context of scarless healing. In this study, we successfully developed a temperature‐sensitive Pluronic@F‐127 hydrogel as a platform for delivering pectolinarin to promote scarless wound healing. The bioactive pectolinarin was released from the hydrogel, effectively enhancing endothelial cell migration, proliferation and the expression of angiogenesis‐related genes. Additionally, a concentration of 20 μg/mL of pectolinarin demonstrated remarkable antioxidant ability, capable of counteracting the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results from rat wound healing models demonstrated that the hydrogel accelerated wound healing, promoting re‐epithelialization and facilitating skin appendage regeneration. Furthermore, we discovered that a concentration of 50 μg/mL of pectolinarin incorporated to the hydrogel exhibited the most favourable outcomes in terms of promoting wound healing and minimizing scar formation. Overall, our study highlights that the significant potential of locally released pectolinarin might substantially inhibit YAP and promoting scarless wound healing.
Nerve growth factor promote osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through MEK/ERK signalling pathways
Authors: Cheng Chen , Tang Shuai , Cui Shuyue , Yang Tong , Li Lan , Zhai Mingrui , Wei Fulan , Ding Gang
Published: February 2024

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), are known to play important roles in the immune and nervous system. However, the effects of NGF on the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of NGF on the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. DPSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium containing NGF (50 ng/mL) for 7 days. Then osteogenic‐related genes and protein markers were analysed using qRT‐PCR and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, addition of NGF inhibitor and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection experiments were used to elucidate the molecular signalling pathway responsible for the process. NGF increased osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs significantly compared with DPSCs cultured in an osteogenic‐inducing medium. The NGF inhibitor Ro 08‐2750 (10 μM) and siRNA‐mediated gene silencing of NGF receptor, TrkA and ERK signalling pathways inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) suppressed osteogenic‐related genes and protein markers on DPSCs. Furthermore, our data revealed that NGF‐upregulated osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs may be associated with the activation of MEK/ERK signalling pathways via TrkA. Collectively, NGF was capable of promoting osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs through MEK/ERK signalling pathways, which may enhance the DPSCs‐mediated bone tissue regeneration.
Clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and outcomes of tonsillar fossa foreign bodies in dogs: seven cases (2020‐2023)
Authors: Boot G. , Petitpre A. , Lamoureux A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Clinical presentation and outcomes of dogs with tonsillar foreign bodies are not described in the literature. The objective of this case series is to describe the presence, clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and outcomes of foreign bodies in the palatine tonsillar fossa of dogs.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of dogs in which tonsillar fossa foreign bodies were removed by endoscopy between 2020 and 2023 at a referral centre were reviewed. Dogs were included if complete medical records were available.

Results

Seven dogs were included. Among all clinical signs reported, acute onset of throat clearing occurred in all dogs. Palatine tonsil enlargement and protrusion from the tonsillar fossa were observed in four of seven dogs. Foreign bodies were removed under endoscopic guidance in all dogs; a vegetal foreign body was found in all but one dog (6/7). Complete resolution of clinical signs was reported in the five dogs for which follow‐up information was available.

Clinical Significance

The tonsillar fossa is a rare but possible location for foreign bodies in dogs and should be explored even in the absence of macroscopic lesions of the tonsils, since some dogs could have a normal palatine tonsil appearance. Acute throat clearing should raise the suspicion of tonsillar fossa foreign bodies. The prognosis appears good after removal.