bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Running From the Union Label? Labor and Business Political Mobilization in the Golden Age
Authors: Dixon Marc
Published: September 2023

This paper assesses labor's political effectiveness in the industrial Midwest at the peak of union strength during the 1950s—a time and place that should have been ripe for labor mobilization. Comparing labor and business mobilization and outcomes across key labor elections, I find that politicians and business groups were often successful in persuading industrial communities to vote against labor's interests while unions struggled to shed outsider and greedy special interest labels. To make sense of labor's mixed performance, I draw on social movement theory and the inter-related nature of union mobilization, countermovement organization, and the framing of labor issues. Labor struggled when facing a well-organized business countermovement, which effectively weaponized the union label against labor. Union success hinged in part on their ability to downplay union identity and to have other more respected community partners do much of the public-facing work, but only when facing a fractured opposition. The findings point to important vulnerabilities unions faced at their peak and suggest a more nuanced view of postwar labor relations. They also extend social movement research on framing by identifying the important role of countermovements and coalitions in shaping what movements can convey and what will resonate.
Examination of the Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the SRSS-IE
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia , Buckman Mark Matthew , Lane Nathan Allen , Lane Katie Scarlett , Fleming Kandace , Swinburne Romine Rebecca E. , Sherod Rebecca L. , Chang Chi-Ning , Jones Jamie , Cantwell Emily Dawn , Crittenden Meredith
Published: September 2023

Given the need for a swift, systematic way to identify students with internalizing and externalizing behavior patterns to connect these students with appropriate supports, we present new findings of the Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE). In this article, we examined (a) factor structure of the SRSS-IE and (b) the extent to which measurement invariance holds across gender, special education status, race, and ethnicity, as well as time point (fall, winter, spring) within each school level (elementary, middle, high). The sample includes 124 schools from four U.S. geographic regions in their first year of implementing the SRSS-IE collected over a 10-year span. Using confirmatory factor analysis procedures accounting for the nesting of students within teachers’ classrooms, we confirmed a two-factor structure (internalizing and externalizing) and determined three items may be removed from the instrument while maintaining adequate model fit, pending replication with schools in later stages of screening implementation. All model comparisons between configural, metric, scalar, and strict models met invariance criteria within a time point. Longitudinal models also met these invariance criteria. We discuss educational implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
“That is Not Behavior Consistent With a Rape Victim”: The Effects of Officer Displays of Doubt on Sexual Assault Case Processing and Victim Participation
Authors: King Laura L. , Bostaph Lisa M. Growette
Published: September 2023

Despite the prevalence and severity of sexual violence, case attrition has been identified as a significant issue. Of the cases that are reported to police, only a small portion result in arrest, prosecution, or conviction. Research has revealed that much of this attrition occurs early in the process and that a number of theoretically supported legal (e.g., physical evidence, victim participation) and extralegal (e.g., demographics, victim credibility) factors influence how and whether a case progresses through the criminal justice system. However, few researchers have directly examined the impact of officer doubt on case processing. Whereas legal and extralegal factors represent case characteristics, doubt represents officer cognition about these characteristics. These perceptions can affect how victims are treated, how police investigate the case, and ultimately, the case’s progression through the system. A random sample of sexual assault reports from one police department in a medium-sized jurisdiction in the western U.S. was drawn to examine the expression of officer doubt, as well as its impact on victim participation, arrest, and referral for prosecution while controlling for relevant legal and extralegal factors. The findings suggest that officer doubt is an important consideration in sexual assault case processing, independent of other legal and extralegal factors, and that it significantly impacts the likelihood of arrest and referral for prosecution. Consistent with previous research, police decision-making was also impacted by certain legal factors. Victim participation was not directly affected by officer doubt but it was predicted by extralegal factors. Implications for future sexual assault research and practitioner training are discussed.
Antidementia Medication Use in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Ott Brian R. , Hollins Carl , Tjia Jennifer , Baek Jonggyu , Chen Qiaoxi , Lapane Kate L. , Alcusky Matthew
Published: September 2023

Background

Antidementia medication can provide symptomatic improvements in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, but there is a lack of consensus guidance on when to start and stop treatment in the nursing home setting.

Methods

We describe utilization patterns of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) and memantine for 3,50,197 newly admitted NH residents with dementia between 2011 and 2018.

Results

Overall, pre-admission use of antidementia medications declined from 2011 to 2018 (ChEIs: 44.5% to 36.9%; memantine: 27.4% to 23.2%). Older age, use of a feeding tube, and greater functional dependency were associated with lower odds of ChEI initiation. Coronary artery disease, parenteral nutrition, severe aggressive behaviors, severe cognitive impairment, and high functional dependency were associated with discontinuation of ChEIs. Comparison of clinical factors related to anti-dementia drug treatment changes from pre to post NH admission in 2011 and 2018 revealed a change toward lower likelihood of initiation of treatment among residents with more functional dependency and those with indicators of more complex illness as well as a change toward higher likelihood of discontinuation in residents having 2 or more hospital stays.

Conclusions

These prescribing trends highlight the need for additional research on the effects of initiating and discontinuing antidementia medications in the NH to provide clear guidance for clinicians when making treatment decisions for individual residents.
The importance of extensional viscosity on a peculiar ear-flow front for injection molding simulations of fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Tseng Huan-Chang
Published: September 2023

An ear-flow front is discovered in the industrial practice of injection molding, especially for fiber-reinforced composites; the advance of the flow front in the center of the cavity is obviously slower than at the edges. To date, such a peculiar flow has not yet been predicted theoretically or computationally and is beyond the predictive capabilities of existing commercial computer aid design (CAE) packages for the injection molding process. Recently, the GNF-X (Generalized Newtonian Fluid eXtended) model of weighted shear/extensional viscosity has been incorporated availably in state-of-the-art predictive engineering software of the 3D-CFD (three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics) framework to show the extension-induced vortex growth in contraction flows of polymer melts. Through 3D-CFD coupled with GNF-X in injection molding simulations, it is significant to demonstrate the importance of extensional viscosity on the ear-flow formation in relation to the weighted viscosity and extension fraction for long-branched and fiber-filled polymer materials. In addition, one can point out that the ear-flow front probably occurs in fast filling conditions for anisotropic fluids.
Development and Assessment of Vancomycin Dosing Utilizing AUC/MIC Protocol in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD)
Authors: Ables Mary , Welch Ron W. , Walley Brittany
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Vancomycin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, including patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). Infection is the second-leading cause of mortality in this patient population; therefore, optimizing vancomycin dosing is essential. New guidelines recommend using the ratio of area under the curve (AUC)/minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dosing with a target of 400-600 to maximize efficacy and minimize vancomycin nephrotoxicity. Summary: A retrospective chart review was performed to assess the current protocol for vancomycin dosing in ESRD patients on IHD at a community hospital in North Mississippi. A protocol was developed for dosing vancomycin utilizing AUC/MIC targets in this patient population. The study included all inpatient adults with ESRD receiving IHD at least 3 times weekly and receiving vancomycin. Data collection occurred in two phases. The first phase of data collection occurred before implementation of the new protocol and assessed the current vancomycin protocol effectiveness. In phase II of data collection, an assessment of the newly developed protocol utilizing similar data collected in phase I was conducted. Conclusions: It is thought that the difference in treatment outcomes and AUC/MIC targets is due to decreased immune function in this population. For this reason, we set our goal pre-dialysis level at 20-25 mg/dL, rather than 17-25 mg/dL, which correlates with an AUC/MIC of 480-600. It is important to quickly achieve therapeutic levels for the patients that do have MRSA to improve outcomes, to sustain these levels, and to reduce adverse events and costs.
Ginkgolide A downregulates transient receptor potential (melastatin) 2 to protect cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats through the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway: Ginkgolide A improve acute renal injury
Authors: He Haiyan , Ge Jun , Yi Shaona , Wang Yuhong , Liu Ye , Liu Ying , Liu Xiaoming
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In order to seek effective drugs for treating cisplatin-induced acute renal injury and explore the corresponding potential mechanism.

Methods

Mouse kidney injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin. The temporal expression of TRPM2 and the regulation of Ginkgolide A on its expression were analyzed by western blot. In order to perform the mechanical analysis, we used TRPM2-KO knockout mice. In this study, we evaluated the repair effect of GA on acute kidney injury through renal function factors, inflammatory factors and calcium and potassium content. Pathological injury and cell apoptosis were detected by H&E and TUNEL, respectively.

Result

Ginkgolide A inhibited inflammatory reaction and excessive oxidative stress, reduced renal function parameters, and improved pathological injury. Meanwhile, we also found that the repair effect of Ginkgolide A on renal injury is related to TRPM2, and Ginkgolide A downregulated TRPM2 expression and inactivated TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in cisplatin-induced renal injury model. We also found that inhibition of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway was more effective in TRPM2-KO mice than TRPM2-WT mice.

Conclusion

Ginkgolide A was the effective therapeutic drug for cisplatin-induced renal injury through acting on TRPM2, and TWEAK/Fn14 pathway was the downstream pathway of Ginkgolide A in acute renal injury, and Ginkgolide A inhibited TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in cisplatin-induced renal injury model.
The Politics of Policing Hate: Boundary Work, Social Inequalities, and Legitimacy
Authors: Solhjell Randi , Klatran Henning Kaiser
Published: September 2023

This article investigates how police officers and prosecutors make sense of and speak about their work with hate crimes. Our analysis rests upon Robert Reiner's widely acknowledged claim that policing is inherently political. We identified three core issues that illustrate the political nature of policing hate crimes. First, the politically contingent boundary work of distinguishing criminal from legal acts. Second, the impact of the enforcement of hate crime laws on the reproduction of social inequalities. Third, the “diversity politics” of gaining legitimacy and trust among minorities, which hate crime legislation is meant to protect. While a strong commitment to policing hate crimes is evident among our interviewees, we ask if the politically invested discourse they present may contribute to an absence of critical reflections regarding the limited effect of law enforcement, as well as a lack of engagement with pressing concerns regarding racialized crime control and racism.
Mechanical sex, science, security: Intersex medical violence, Thomas Hobbes and John Money’s invention of gender
Authors: Castro Vic
Published: September 2023

According to a widespread contemporary medical discourse, intersex people’s well-being is threatened by their own bodily features, which must be ‘corrected’ through emergency surgical measures. Yet intersex people and activists have abundantly documented how these measures enact precisely the suffering that they were framed as countering. This article asks how the presence of such exceptionalist security logic in mundane hospital settings highlights particular intersections of security, bodies and materiality in Western modernity. It puts 17th-century philosopher Thomas Hobbes in dialogue with 20th-century sexologist John Money, and shows how both struggled to construct social order in spite of the disorderly materiality of human bodies. Hobbes ‘invented’ a universal abstracted body, a machine in which matter is subsumed to the fiction of a social will. As science provided mechanistic understandings of sex, race and deviance, the messy materiality of concrete bodies eventually failed to substantiate a biological grounding for the sex binary. Money then ‘invented’ the concept of gender – a social category to which physiological sex is subservient, which feminists later borrowed – to justify violent interventions that physically cut that disorderly materiality out of intersex people’s bodies.
Covid-19 contact-tracing apps and the public/private co-production of security
Authors: Markussen Håvard Rustad
Published: September 2023

This article examines how the smartphone contributes to the co-production of security through an analysis of Covid-19 contact-tracing apps. Building on existing research in security studies that mobilizes the science and technology concept of co-production, the article proposes the notion of ‘appropriation’ as a concrete way of extending our understanding of the public/private co-production of security. Appropriation highlights how consumer technology may be repurposed for security and shows how private-sector actors that own consumer technology not only influence, but actively condition the co-production of security. Bringing new, typically commercial, concerns to bear on security practices, appropriation also has the effect of complicating conventional understandings of the relationship between liberty and security. Focusing on the NHS Covid-19 app and its contentious relationship with Google/Apple’s framework for digital contact-tracing, the article demonstrates how the smartphone enables private-sector actors to gain influence in the security domain. Google and Apple used their control over smartphone technology to compel the British health authorities to adopt a less effective but more privacy-preserving approach than they originally intended, and thus enforced a seemingly liberal response to an exceptional political situation.
Workplace incivility and the professional quality of life in nurses
Authors: Nazari Shima , Nikpeyma Nasrin , Haghani Shima , Fakhuri Fatemeh , Farokhnezhad Afshar Pouya
Published: September 2023

Background

Workplace Incivility is a common issue in the nursing profession. Nurses who are affected by such behaviors may experience distress.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the relationship between workplace incivility and nurses’ professional quality of life.

Research design

This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2021 in “Tehran”. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Nursing Incivility Scale (NIS), and the Professional Quality Of Life scale (ProQOL). Data analysis was performed through the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, using the SPSS v.16.

Participants and research context

Participants were 200 nurses randomly recruited from selected hospitals of “TUMS”.

Ethical considerations

The study obtained research ethics approval and all participants were informed of the voluntary and anonymous nature of their participation.

Findings

The mean age of participants was 32.30 ± 7.22, and 76.5% were female. There was a significant correlation between the professional quality of life and workplace incivility ( r = −0.23, p = .001). Multiple regression analysis between the subscales of workplace incivility and professional quality of life demonstrated that the incivility from the supervisor ( β = −0.29, p = .001) and incivility from patients ( β = −0.27, p < .001) can predict the compassion satisfaction dimension. The incivility from the supervisor ( β = 0.24, p = .001) and incivility from patients ( β = 0.26, p < .001) can explain burnout. The incivility of the patients can explain secondary traumatic stress ( β = 0.14, p = .02).

Conclusion

This study showed that workplace incivility is significantly related to professional quality of life. Therefore, the reduction of behaviors of incivility can lead to the improvement of the professional quality of life.
Beyond compassion fatigue, compassion as a virtue
Authors: Garcia-Uribe John Camilo , Pinto-Bustamante Boris Julian
Published: September 2023

One of the great problems of caregivers and health professionals in recent times has been the so-called compassion fatigue and its association with burnout syndrome. Another pole of compassion has been described in terms of compassion satisfaction. Both propositions could be problematic in the caregiving setting. This is an analytical reflective article that through an apparent aporia tries to problematize and propose a theoretical synthesis that allows to denote compassion as a virtue in Aristotelian terms. To this end, it resorts to etymologies, translations and mainly to the classical theoretical references regarding compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and, of course, Aristotelian ethics. This is a theoretical bet that leaves open the discussion regarding the dichotomies compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction; apathy and hyperpathy; and proposes to rethink compassion as a virtue, a reasoned middle ground, contextualized in the framework of care between two possible excesses.
Politics as a Spectacle: The Role of Advertising and Physical Image in Visualizing a Political Candidate as Merchandise and Their Impact on Voting Intentions
Authors: Ortiz José A. Flecha , Guevarez Rolando Rivera , Corrada Maria Santos , Ortiz Maribel
Published: September 2023

Advertising no longer describes objects but can impose on Society the obligation to consume whatever is produced. In this way, political advertising has become more commercial, bringing new ways of doing politics where advertising strategies achieve an adapted policy. New advertising strategies have turned the political process into a spectacle encouraging new political behaviour. Through the Society of the Spectacle and the Visual Frame, this quantitative study analysed how advertising uses the physical image of a political candidate as the merchandise that voters acquire as a force of social relationships. In addition, this study is novel in exploring the role of political ideology as a moderating variable that may dampen the effects between image advertising and voting intention. With 582 participants in an electronic survey analysed through PLS-SEM, the study reflects that, during the spectacle process, the political candidate can generate relationships, value and satisfaction through their physical attributes. It enables a purchase through the vote since, once the perception is manifested, the frame is accepted, leading the voter to make non-objective decisions. This research contributes new knowledge to the Spectacle Society and Visual Frame theory by providing a new way of analyzing political candidates and how advertising activates political behaviour.
Cultivating Critical Thinking, Social Justice Awareness and Empathy Among Pre-service Teachers Through Online Discussions on Global Citizenship Education
Authors: Waghid Zayd
Published: September 2023

There is a paucity of research on the efficacy of online asynchronous discussion forums in fostering critical thinking, social justice awareness and empathy in pre-service teachers. This study adopted a case study design rooted in the social constructivist/interpretive paradigm. South African university pre-service teachers comprised the study’s sample. To examine how online discussions about Global Citizenship Education (GCE) affected the critical thinking and social justice awareness of a group of pre-service teachers ( n = 31), a questionnaire based on Andreotti’s (2006) Soft vs Critical GCE framework was used. To further understand how their involvement in online discussions on global issues influenced their sense of social justice awareness, empathy and critical thinking, certain pre-service teachers’ ( n = 9) reflective essays were used. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers’ responses were more consistent with the soft GCE approach. The Soft vs Critical GCE framework was useful for identifying which aspects of online interactions require a more critical understanding of GCE. The findings showed that pre-service teachers who participated in the online GCE conversations had increased social justice awareness, critical thinking skills and empathy.
Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Velopharyngeal Muscles in the Cleft Palate
Authors: Zhao Jiuli , Ma Hengyuan , Wang Yongqian , Song Tao , Wu Di , Yin Ningbei
Published: September 2023

Objective

We have used micro-computed tomography (CT) to elucidate the relationship between the muscle fibers in specimens with cleft palate. These findings could be useful for muscle reconstruction in cleft palate repair and to better understand cleft palate speech.

Design

Cadaveric anatomical study.

Participants

This study included three specimens with cleft palate

Intervention

The specimens were stained with phosphomolybdic acid and scanned by Micro-CT.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The anatomy of the muscles.

Results

Using 2D projection images and 3D reconstruction models, subtle anatomical structures could be observed in the muscles. The attachment of the levator veli palatini (LVP) was not at the posterior edge of the hard palate or palatine aponeurosis (PA), but at the anterior 21.71-44.2% of the cleft edge. The palatopharyngeal (PP) was composed of two bundles: inferior and superior heads, which clasped the LVP. The uvularis was unevenly distributed, and located on both sides of the cleft edge, originating at the edge. The palatoglossus, superior constrictor of pharynx and anatomical structure around the pterygoid hamulus, were normal. The PA, PP and LVP were attached to the cleft edge from front to back, in that order. The position of the uvularis was not fixed.

Conclusions

With the help of Micro-CT technology, detailed anatomical features and the relationship between muscles could be visualized. In the specimen with cleft palate, muscles in the soft palate were associated with the pharyngeal muscles, which formed the 3D “velopharyngeal muscles complex.” These findings provide anatomical evidence for muscle reconstruction in cleft palate repair.
Why Did I Cheat on My Partner? Mapping the Motives of Infidelity in Dating Relationships Through the Perpetrators
Authors: Varma Parvati , Barman Jeshmeen Deb , Maheshwari Saurabh
Published: September 2023

Despite having an easy option to end the relationship and start a new one, many individuals betray their dating partner. In order to understand why, the present study explored the reasons for infidelity in dating relationships. Forty heterosexual adult participants (21 males and 19 females; Mage = 27.15) who had themselves engaged in infidelity participated in the study. The participants were recruited through the snowball sampling method. The study followed narrative methodology, where the perpetrators themselves narrated their cheating stories. The content analysis of narratives was done using Quirkos software. The findings reported numerous motivational factors contributing to infidelity in dating, which were clubbed into four factors: personal, relationship, third-party, and situational factors. Though many motives of infidelity in dating are similar to married individuals, only certain aspects are specific to a dating relationship, such as uncertainty about ‘the one’ revenge. The study not only shows the importance of personal, situational, and relationship factors but also stresses on third-party-factors, like love, attraction. The results show these reasons/factors may present alone to make individuals cheat or could present in combination or even in sequence. The results of the study can be useful in understanding and helping the dating couples going through such issues.
A Combination of Pathological Features Identifies Crohn's Disease in Surgical Bowel Resection Specimens
Authors: Fu Yujuan , Liu Xiuli , Xu Jiaqi , Zhong Tingting , Jiang Junchang , Fu Tianhong , Cao Qian , Jiang Zhinong
Published: September 2023

Background

Diagnosis of Crohn's disease is challenging. This study aims to compare the histological features of Crohn's disease and non-Crohn's disease (other intestinal inflammatory diseases) in surgical specimens to identify a set of histologic features distinguishing Crohn's disease from non-Crohn's disease.

Methods

Patients with Crohn's disease (N = 171) and patients with non-Crohn's disease (N = 215) diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 who had surgical bowel resection were identified. The frequency of histological features in surgical resection specimens was compared between these two groups.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed that transmural inflammation, subserosal lymphoid aggregates, fissures or sinus-like structures, granulomas or granuloma-like nodules, abnormalities of the enteric nervous system, and mucosa structure alterations ( muscularis mucosa thickening or mucosal atrophy with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia) were more frequent in Crohn's disease than non-Crohn's disease cases ( p < 0.001 for all). Some of the above histologic features were further grouped as chronic inflammatory change which includes granulomas or granuloma-like nodules, lymphoid aggregates in the muscularis propria or subserosa, fissures or sinus-like structures, and architectural abnormality which is defined as the presence of abnormal enteric nervous system and/or mucosa structural alterations ( muscularis mucosa thickening or mucosal atrophy with pseudopyloric gland metaplasia). A combination of transmural inflammation, chronic inflammatory change, and architectural abnormality had a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 97.7% for Crohn's disease.

Conclusions

In surgical bowel resection specimens, a combination of transmural inflammation, chronic inflammatory change, and architectural abnormality help diagnose Crohn's disease.
Prognostic factors for visual acuity improvement after treatment of submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Barayev Edward , Tiosano Alon , Zlatkin Rita , Elul Rotem , Dotan Assaf , Hadayer Amir , Gal-Or Orly , Ehrlich Rita
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To recognize prognostic factors for better final visual acuity (VA) in patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who presented to a tertiary ophthalmology department between 2012 and 2019 with SMH and were treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with pneumatic displacement. Baseline characteristics included demographic data, VA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics of the SMH. Patients were divided into groups by improvement of at least 2 lines in BCVA (best corrected visual acuity), and by having a final BCVA better than 20/200.

Results

Forty-three eyes of 43 patients were included. Mean age was 86.72 ± 7.18. Prognostic factors for final VA better than 20/200 included better VA at presentation (1.25 vs 1.90 logMAR, p < 0.001), smaller area of SMH in the infra-red image (19.47 mm2 vs 38.45 mm2, p = 0.024), and lower height of SMH as measured by OCT (713.5 µm vs 962.5 µm, p = 0.03). Third of the patients improved in ≥2 lines from presentation, all in the group of the pneumatic and TPA displacement.

Conclusion

Smaller SMHs with good VA at presentation have a better chance for improvement and result in a better final VA. These patients may benefit the most from pneumatic displacement of the SMH with intravitreal tPA and gas.
Analysis of the seismic performance of a large underground station structure in complex stratum considering the influence of axial force
Authors: Bao Xiaohua , Liu Chunxun , Shen Jun , Huang Yujun , Chen Xiangsheng , Cui Hongzhi
Published: September 2023

The large underground structure in saturated stratum is vulnerable to float during an earthquake. This results in a plethora of problems, such as uneven settlement, large internal force and structure damage. In this study, the seismic behavior of a three-story, two-span subway station in complex saturated stratum was investigated through water-soil fully coupled 3D finite element method. In the analysis, the nonlinear soil behavior was described by a cyclic mobility model and the structure was calculated using a nonlinear constitutive model which can consider the influence of axial force on its bending moment. Joints elements were used to model the contact surface between soil and structure. The development of the soil displacement and internal force of the station structure at different times during a huge earthquake was examined. The bearing capacity of the station structure members was analyzed. The results indicated that the vertical displacement was spatially distributed. The larger additional seismic stresses appeared in the bottom slab and side wall. Failed elements were observed in both the walls and slabs, and the walls were more easily damaged than the slab. The results provide useful reference for the large underground structure seismic design in the construction of urban underground space.
Research contributions in interpretivist marketing and consumer research studies: A kaleidoscopic framework
Authors: Lucarelli Andrea , Shahriar Hossain , Ulver Sofia , Egan-Wyer Carys
Published: September 2023

Calls for research contribution and demands for original theories have become visibly and audibly louder in review processes over the last two decades. In interpretivist marketing and consumer research, such calls have been accompanied by an emphasis on the importance of theory and on drawing on context when crafting impactful research contributions. By investigating the rhetorical claims made by authors in 45 highly cited articles, published between 2005 and 2019 in three representative marketing journals, this paper provides a kaleidoscopic, three-dimensional framework that maps out and explores the rhetorical devices employed in interpretivist scholarship. Based on the framework, the paper suggests different pathways that researchers can follow to navigate through the complex process of shaping and developing relevant and impactful research contributions.
Towards a transformative lifelong learning agenda for non-traditional students at university
Authors: Tumuheki Peace Buhwamatsiko , Zeelen Jacques , Openjuru George Ladaah
Published: September 2023

Liberalisation of higher education in Uganda meant opening its provision to the private sector, and also running a public-private mix model at public institutions. Consequently, the composition and needs of the student population at universities have changed due to flexibility in provision of study programmes and access routes. Students who had previously been excluded are also joining in increasing numbers. This article uses the feminist frameworks to equality and difference, discourses of integration and exclusion, and the concepts of Othering and Other to unpack equality of access, equity and inclusivity spaces of these new types of students. The aim is to contribute towards a learning agenda that promotes quality and sustainable educational development for all. We draw our findings from the voices of non-traditional students at a public university in Uganda. We validate these with voices of other germane actors to understand better the institutional policy and practice environments available to them. The equal opportunity provision has widened access for NTS but their equity and inclusivity spaces remain inadequately filled. To achieve sustainable inclusive and equitable quality higher education, we suggest a policy, practice and provision environment that promotes a transformative lifelong learning agenda.
Outcomes of Volar Plating Distal Radius Fractures Based on Surgical Timing
Authors: Campbell Benjamin R. , Reyes Ariana A. , Neustein Thomas M. , Miller Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

Background:

While complexity of distal radius fractures varies, volar plating is the most prevalent surgical option in adult injuries. The time between date of injury and surgical intervention varies according to several factors, including the timing of presentation and the surgeon’s availability. This study aims to understand the impact of a delay in surgical intervention on operative time, patient-reported outcomes, and reoperation rates.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed on patients treated with volar plating of distal radius fractures from 2017 to 2020 at a single institution by multiple surgeons. Perioperative medical records were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups using a cut-off date of surgery performed 12 days after injury. Descriptive analyses were used to compare demographics, fracture characteristics, operative information, and outcome data including postoperative Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) scores and reoperation rates between groups.

Results:

A total of 257 patients were included. There was no difference in age, gender, smoking status, fracture type, or postoperative QuickDASH scores between groups. Patients fixed at 12 days or more after injury had a higher rate of reoperation, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and more surgeon experience.

Conclusions:

Volar distal radius fixation at 12 or more days after injury had no discernible differences with fracture type, operative time, or tourniquet time; however, a higher rate of reoperation was found in this group compared to earlier intervention. These data may provide important prognostic information that can be used to educate patients who present in a delayed fashion.
On the Coattails of Empire: Norway and Imperial Internationalism in the Time of the League of Nations
Authors: Stachurska-Kounta Marta
Published: September 2023

The popular perception concerning Norway's particular commitment to peace and impartiality in international politics has from time to time been bracketed by the fact that the country has no colonial past. Such an understanding fails to address Norway's rise to a major position in the global shipping system and maritime trade during the colonial era and that this economic expansion had only been possible due to Britain's liberal trade policy and imperial rule. The article shows that reliance on Britain's global leadership moulded Norway's vision of the emerging international order in the aftermath of World War I and was one of the most crucial arguments for the country to become a member of the League of Nations. It argues that Norway's advocacy of free trade as a key to international peace in the interwar period has to be seen in the light of the country's commercial interests and assumptions about Britain's civilizing mission.
Ovarian cancer in the older patient: where are we now? What to do next?
Authors: Rousseau Frédérique , Ranchon Florence , Bardin Christophe , Bakrin Naoual , Lavoué Vincent , Bengrine-Lefevre Leila , Falandry Claire
Published: September 2023

In recent years, major advances have been made toward the individualization of epithelial ovarian cancer care, leading to an overall improvement of patient outcomes. However, real-life data indicate that the oldest populations do not benefit from this, due to aspects related to cancer (more aggressive histopathological features), treatment (i.e. frequently suboptimal), and the host (increased toxicities in patients with lower physiological reserve). A specific risk–benefit perspective should therefore be taken when considering surgery, chemotherapy, and maintenance treatments: the decision for cytoreductive surgery should include geriatric vulnerability and surgical complexity, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy being an option when primary surgery appears at high risk; carboplatin paclitaxel association remains the standard even in vulnerable older patients; and bevacizumab and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors maintenance are interesting options provided they are prescribed according to their indications with a close monitoring of their toxicities. Future studies should aim to individualize care without limiting access of older patients to innovation. A specific focus is needed on age-specific translational analyses (focusing on tumor mutational burden and impaired biological pathways), a better patient stratification according to geriatric parameters, an adaptation of both oncological treatment and geriatric interventions, and treatment adaptations not a priori but according to formal pharmacokinetic data.
Supporting early childhood teacher well-being through the practice of mindful self-compassion
Authors: O’Hara-Gregan Justine
Published: September 2023

Internationally, there are growing concerns about the work-related well-being of early childhood teachers. There is currently limited guidance around specific practices teachers can use to support their well-being when challenges arise while teaching. Mindful self-compassion practice, which has elements of mindfulness, common humanity, and self-kindness, has been found to have benefits for supporting holistic well-being both ‘in the moment’ and in the long term. This paper reports on a research project in Aotearoa New Zealand which used a qualitative methodology of mindful inquiry to explore 12 teachers’ experiences of the practice of mindful self-compassion. Findings identified that being mindfully self-compassionate supported teachers’ self-awareness; enabled recognition of their common humanity; and supported the teachers to respond to challenging moments with self-kindness, which contributed to their well-being. These findings have implications for initial teacher education, those who work in the early childhood sector, and early childhood leaders and policy makers.
Augmented reality in modern marketing: The ultimate solution to engage the digitally overwhelmed, budget-conscious audience?
Authors: Gopakumar Sridevi , Dananjayan Madhava Priya
Published: September 2023

In an era where digital saturation poses significant challenges for marketers, capturing and sustaining the attention of increasingly budget-conscious consumers have become paramount. Businesses are in critical need of innovative marketing strategies that resonate with today’s discerning audience due to the frequent failure of conventional marketing methods. This case explores the transformative potential of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and interactive content as instruments for captivating and engaging audiences. By delivering immersive experiences, these technologies provide an opportunity to cut through the digital cacophony, delivering value and entertainment that can influence even the most discerning consumer. Utilizing case studies of successful augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) marketing campaigns, as well as the technological advancements that support them, we examine how businesses can leverage these immersive tools to create memorable, impactful connections with their audience. Ultimately, as the boundaries between the physical and virtual worlds continue to merge, marketers seeking to navigate the challenges and opportunities of the modern digital landscape will need to comprehend and harness the power of interactive and immersive content.
New Paths in Small Manufacturing: How is Digital Transformation Shaping Collaboration Between Designers and Craftspeople?
Authors: Gerea Carmen , Herskovic Valeria , Rodríguez María Fernanda , Cajamarca Gabriela , Gajardo Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

Collaboration between designers and craftspeople, or designers and small manufacturers, is a strategy aiming to revive the local manufacturing industry in countries impacted by post-industrial economic challenges. In this paper we examine a local initiative—a community of practice (CoP) composed of designers and craftspeople—by studying how they have used technology to collaborate, in order to identify opportunities for long-term growth of this community. To gain a deep understanding of the dynamics in the community, the collaboration process during the workshop and after it, we used a three-phase qualitative research strategy. We conducted interviews with the participants and staff, analyzed an 11-month period of communications in the WhatsApp group and, finally, conducted a co-design session. We identify opportunities and challenges related to the design and implementation of a personalized collaborative system that fulfills the needs of the users as individuals and community members.
Using Text as Data to Reveal Changing Organizational Perspectives on Violence Against Women in the United States
Authors: Lee Sumin , Messamore Andrew , Paxton Pamela
Published: September 2023

Public understanding of violence against women, and appropriate solutions to tackling gender-based violence, have changed enormously over the past 50 years. In this paper, we study how violence against women is practically understood through organizational efforts to frame and combat it in the United States. We use topic modeling and dictionary-based content analysis to explore the missions and programming of 918 service and advocacy nonprofits directly involved in anti-violence work between 1998 and 2016. We find that, in contrast to earlier foci on direct crisis intervention, anti-violence organizations increasingly understand violence against women as a multifaceted problem that must be addressed by comprehensive programming. We also find that nonprofits increasingly use medicalized, criminal-legal, and bureaucratic language to describe their work, underscoring the tensions of institutionalization.
Toward a Unified Theory of the Reference Frame of the Ventriloquism Aftereffect
Authors: Lokša Peter , Kopčo Norbert
Published: September 2023

The ventriloquism aftereffect (VAE), observed as a shift in the perceived locations of sounds after audio-visual stimulation, requires reference frame (RF) alignment since hearing and vision encode space in different RFs (head-centered vs. eye-centered). Previous experimental studies reported inconsistent results, observing either a mixture of head-centered and eye-centered frames, or a predominantly head-centered frame. Here, a computational model is introduced, examining the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. The basic model version assumes that the auditory spatial map is head-centered and the visual signals are converted to head-centered frame prior to inducing the adaptation. Two mechanisms are considered as extended model versions to describe the mixed-frame experimental data: (1) additional presence of visual signals in eye-centered frame and (2) eye-gaze direction-dependent attenuation in VAE when eyes shift away from the training fixation. Simulation results show that the mixed-frame results are mainly due to the second mechanism, suggesting that the RF of VAE is mainly head-centered. Additionally, a mechanism is proposed to explain a new ventriloquism-aftereffect-like phenomenon in which adaptation is induced by aligned audio-visual signals when saccades are used for responding to auditory targets. A version of the model extended to consider such response-method-related biases accurately predicts the new phenomenon. When attempting to model all the experimentally observed phenomena simultaneously, the model predictions are qualitatively similar but less accurate, suggesting that the proposed neural mechanisms interact in a more complex way than assumed in the model.
Behavioral Science Tools to Strengthen Energy & Environmental Policy
Authors: Yoeli Erez , Budescu David V. , Carrico Amanda R. , Delmas Magali A. , DeShazo J. R. , Ferraro Paul J. , Forster Hale A. , Kunreuther Howard , Larrick Rick P. , Lubell Mark , Markowitz Ezra M. , Tonn Bruce , Vandenbergh Michael P. , Weber Elke U.
Published: September 2023

To increase consumers’ conservation of energy and other resources, government agencies, utilities, and energy-related businesses can complement regulatory and market-based policies with simple and effective behavioral interventions grounded in extensive behavioral science research. In this article, we review 13 behavioral tools that we find especially promising. Collectively, these tools help meet four behavioral objectives: getting people's attention; engaging people's desire to contribute to the social good; making complex information more accessible; and facilitating accurate assessment of risks, costs, and benefits.
Regulating for Ethical Culture
Authors: Treviño Linda K. , Haidt Jonathan , Filabi Azish E.
Published: September 2023

Recent cases of corporate fraud have heightened regulatory interest in leveraging organizational culture to encourage ethical behavior. Policymakers in government and industry wish to use culture to enhance the enforcement-based approaches that they have historically relied on, but they want guidance on how to proceed. In this article, we review the organizational behavior literature on ethical culture. We define the components of ethical culture in organizations and summarize research into how to assess and strengthen it. We demonstrate that assessment must be an integral part of regulatory efforts to strengthen ethical culture, and we recommend that policymakers encourage industries to use standardized, validated measures to further policy goals.
Encouraging COVID-19 vaccination through behaviorally informed reminders: Results from a national randomized field experiment in Israel
Authors: Senderey Adi Berliner , Ohana Reut , Perchik Shay , Erev Ido , Balicer Ran D.
Published: September 2023

Inducing people to get vaccinated is critical for controlling the spread of COVID-19. We explored the effectiveness of two text messaging strategies for encouraging unvaccinated individuals to get their COVID-19 vaccination. One message emphasized social norms to harness people's tendency to act in ways that line up with society's expectations. The other message underscored the personal medical benefits of vaccination. Both messages indicated that the vaccine was reserved for the recipient at a nearby location. Over the course of eight days, the percentage of people who got vaccinated after receiving the medical benefit message was 2.1% higher than the percentage of people who got vaccinated after receiving the social norm message ( p < .001). Our findings indicate that designing vaccination reminders that highlight the medical benefits of vaccination in addition to the availability of the vaccines can increase vaccination rates.