bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First detection of the bloom forming Unruhdinium penardii (Dinophyceae) in a Mediterranean reservoir: insights on its ecology, morphology and genetics
Authors: Satta Cecilia Teodora , Reñé Albert , Padedda Bachisio Mario , Pulina Silvia , Lai Giuseppina Grazia , Soru Oriana , Buscarinu Paola , Virdis Tomasa , Marceddu Salvatore , Lugliè Antonella
Published: January 2021

The freshwater genus Unruhdinium includes dinoflagellates hosting a tertiary diatom endosymbiont. Some of the species belonging to this genus form high-biomass blooms. In this study, data on the ecology, morphology and molecular identity of Unruhdinium penardii were reported for the first time from a Mediterranean reservoir (Cedrino Lake, Sardinia, Italy). The ecology of the species and its bloom events were examined along a multiannual series of data (2010-2017). Cell morphology was investigated using field samples and six cultures established by cell isolation. A molecular identification of the six strains was performed. Wild and cultured cells shared the same morphology, showing a prominent apical pore complex and two/three more or less prominent hypothecal spines as distinctive characters in light microscopy. Molecularly, the six cultured strains corresponded to the same taxonomic entity with sequences only differing in a few polymorphic positions for the studied markers SSU rDNA, LSU rDNA, ITS and endosymbiont SSU rDNA. All markers showed 99.5%−100% similarity with the available U. penardii sequences. Seasonality of U. penardii revealed its preference for the colder semester (from December to June) with bloom events restricted to late winter/early spring months. Three blooms resulting in reddish water discolorations were observed along the study period (2011, 2012 and 2017). GLMs revealed a significant role of water depth, temperature, and reactive phosphorous in determining the highest cell densities (>5 x 104 cells L-1). The results obtained contribute to the increase of field ecology knowledge on this species, demonstrating it is well established in the Mediterranean area, and being able to produce recurrent high biomass blooms in the studied reservoir.
Functional Characterization of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Hemocytes Under Normoxia and Short-Term Hypoxia
Authors: Andreyeva Aleksandra Yu. , Kladchenko Ekaterina S. , Vyalova Oksana Y. , Kukhareva Tatiana A.
Published: January 2021

Hemolymph cellular composition, morphology and functional properties of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemocytes were studied. Three hemocyte types (agranulocytes, hyalinocytes and granulocytes) were described in hemolymph. The morphology of each type was characterized by light microscopy and flow cytometry. Agranular cells (agranulocytes and hyalinocytes) were the dominant type of cells in hemolymph; their number was 86.7±2.7% of total cell count. Under hypoxia the number of agranulocytes increased (37.4% for control group versus 95.3% for hypoxic probes), whereas granulocyte and hyalinocyte number decreased up to 3.9% and 0.7% in hypoxic specimens respectively. The spontaneous ROS production decreased in each hemocyte type after exposure to hypoxia. Low dissolved oxygen did not influence hemocyte proliferation and mortality level.
The Two Eyes of the Blind Mind: Object vs. Spatial Aphantasia?
Authors:   Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabancı University, Blazhenkova Olesya , Pechenkova Ekaterina ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: January 2021

Individual variability in imagery experiences has long attracted the interest of philosophers, educators, and psychologists. Since Aristotle’s time, it was assumed that imagery is a universal ability, so everyone possesses it. Galton first measured the vividness of subjective imagery experiences, and discovered that some individuals reported zero imagination. Recent research has coined the term “aphantasia” — an inability to form mental imagery, or having a “blind mind’s eye” (Zeman, Dewar, & Della Sala, 2015). We argue that there may be more than one type of aphantasia. Substantial behavioral and neuropsychological evidence has demonstrated a distinction between visual-object imagery (mental visualization of pictorial properties such as color, shape, brightness, and texture) and visual-spatial imagery (mental visualization of spatial locations, relations, and transformations). Notably, visual imagery is not a unitary ability, so individuals who excel in object imagery do not necessarily excel in spatial imagery, and vice versa. Here we argue that the commonly described “aphantasia” is not a general imagery deficit but rather a visual-object deficit of imagery (as aphantasic people are often identified by low scores on the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, which assesses object imagery only). We hypothesize that “spatial aphantasia” (the inability to imagine spatial properties and relationships) can be a separate type of imagery deficit. Individuals with spatial aphantasia may not necessarily have a deficit in object imagery. We discuss future research directions examining how spatial aphantasia may manifest behaviorally and neurologically, and how object and spatial aphantasia may be related
ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO PRELIMINAR Y EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA DEL LÁTEX DE EUPHORBIA LAURIFOLIA JUSS. EX. LAM SOBRE ARTEMIA SALINA
Authors: Miranda Aida , Vinueza Diego , Acosta Karen , Toaquiza Cecilia , Méndez Estela , Arias Fabián
Published: January 2021

Euphorbia laurifolia es una especie vegetal de la familia Euphorbiaceae distribuida en colombia, venezuela y Ecuador. Tradicionalmente es usada para el tratamiento de afecciones al hígado, para evitar la formación de abscesos y verrugas en la piel. Debido a su alta disponibilidad y variedad de usos constituye una materia prima de importancia fitoquímica y farmacológica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar el estudio fitoquímico preliminar y la evaluación de la actividad citotóxica del látex de E. laurifolia sobre artemia salina. Se obtuvieron diversos extractos del látex de la espe- cie, a partir de los cuales se realizó la separación e identificación mediante Cromatografía en Capa fina (tlc). la evaluación de la actividad citotóxica sobre artemia salina se llevó a cabo utilizando la fracción hexánica usando concentraciones de 0, 31, 62, 125, 250, 500, 1000 ppm. Se estableció que E. laurifolia presenta compuestos terpénicos, identificando por TLC posibles moléculas como el borneol (rf 0.24) y el cineol (rf 0.40). Respecto a la citotoxicidad de la fracción hexánica, se obtuvo una concentración letal media (lc50) de 214.50 ppm, demostrando que el extracto es tóxico. El látex de E. laurifolia es rico en compuestos terpénicos con alta actividad citotóxica; por tanto, presenta un destacable potencial para futuros estudios farmacológicos.
RESISTENCIA ANTIMICROBIANA DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AISLADO EN QUESOS FRESCOS ARTESANALES ELABORADOS EN ZONAS RURALES DE ANTIMICROBIAL RIOBAMBA-ECUADOR
Authors: Albuja Landi Ana , Escobar Arrieta Sandra , Guevara Iñiguez Luis , Andueza Leal Félix , Yugcha Pilamunga Pamela , Arguello Hernández Paola
Published: January 2021

La investigación tuvo por objeto evaluar la calidad microbiológica de los quesos frescos artesanales mediante el recuento de staphylococcus aureus y aislar cepas de este microorganismo, para medir su resistencia a los antibióticos. Las queseras artesanales intervenidas están ubicadas en áreas rurales de Riobamba-Ecuador (san Juan, Pungalá y Punín). El proceso de muestreo se llevó a cabo de acuerdo con la normativa nacional (NTE INEN 1529-2-2013) y para la cuantificación de staphylococcus aureus se siguió la Norma NTE. INEN 1528-2012. El aislamiento e identificación de las cepas bacterianas se realizó mediante técnicas microbiológicas, corroborando estos resultados con pruebas bioquímicas. Para determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas aisladas de staphylococcus aureus se utilizó la prueba de difusión en disco de Kirby-bauer. La prevalencia de staphylococcus aureus fue de 83.33%, mismos que presentan resistencia a penicilina (100%), cefoxitina (33,33%) y eritromicina (80% resistencia intermedia). Estos resultados muestran que los quesos frescos artesanales analizados superan los rangos de referencia nacionales y que los altos niveles de resistencia a los antibióticos constituyen un potencial problema de salud pública.
MÉTODO BOOTSTRAP PARA HIPÓTESIS CONCERNIENTES A LA DIFERENCIA DE MEDIAS PARA MUESTRAS PAREADAS: APLICACIONES
Authors: Meneses Antonio , Zúñiga Lourdes , Santos Carlos , Haro Silvia , Chariguamán Nancy , Vera Luis
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se propone un método flexible para calcular un intervalo de confianza con réplicas Bootstrap para la diferencia de medias de dos muestras pareadas sin necesidad de normalidad, en el ámbito de la teoría de hipótesis. La hipótesis nula se rechaza si el intervalo de confianza no contiene el 0, caso contrario se acepta. Dos aplicaciones se realizan con las variables: producción mensual de leche y producción promedio mensual de leche, de vacas alimentadas solo con forraje y con forraje más ensilaje de maíz. También se realiza un estudio de simulación con muestras normales que se obtienen resultados similares con el método comúnmente utilizado de la t-student y el método propuesto bootstrap.
The Use of Youtube as a Learning Tool in Teaching Listening Skill
Authors: Pratama Shadam Hussaeni Handi , Arifin Riyadh Ahsanul , Widianingsih Ayang Winda Sri
Published: January 2021

YouTube is not only a platform that individuals share, upload, comment on videos; but also teachers and educators can make practical and effective use of it to the best as great that students can have more an advantage or profit gained. This study aims to carry out a systematic or formal inquiry to discover and examine the facts of how active and distinguished YouTube can be in the educational process and how it is beneficial for language teachers to enhance the skills of students. The study exhibits different theoretical frameworks that equip the employment of technology to increase the learning/teaching process. In using multimedia, video clips used to develop teachersâ€™ abilities for using technology in classrooms. The objectives of this research are to give knowledgeably and clear explanations about teaching studentsâ€™ listening skills through English video. The researcher emerges a questionnaire and applies it to third-semester of college students, Maâ€™soem University to give confirmation and show the advantages of technology in the academic field. The paper investigates classes where computers can be utilized, and also appear the defiance that faces teachers and educators regarding this application. The researchers terminated that YouTube is a necessary tool in classrooms as it appeals to the attention of students and envolves their mentality and creativity. It also assists cover the materials exhaustive, especially language. YouTube leads the fun element into classes, through meet the interests of students. Equivalent findings have a remarkable impact on the learning process as the students will realize the educational environment more uplift and inspire. Besides, they notice the material presented worth studying, and this method, they would admire the attempt expend in explaining the information. The research aspires to be of worth to teachers for the operation of technology and students to have a superior apprehension of the materials extend.
Methods for obtaining liposomal systems to be used in the food industry
Authors: Lisovaya E. V. , Lisovoy V. V. , Victorova E. P.
Published: January 2021

Currently encapsulation of food ingredients using liposomal systems formed by natural phospholipids is of greatest interest for food industry. One of the advantages of encapsulation using liposomal systems is the amphiphilicity of the phospholipids that form them, which allows both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredients to be encapsulated, while most other encapsulating agents can only encapsulate hydrophilic ingredients. The article reviews the existing methods for obtaining liposomal systems. It has been shown that the most common classical method for obtaining liposomes, namely, the method of a thin film hydration does not allow obtaining liposomal dispersions that are uniform in shape and size. Moreover, this method requires a large consumption of organic solvents. Physical methods have been considered that make it possible to obtain uniform in shape and size liposome dispersions, in particular, ultrasonic treatment, extrusion under pressure, and microfluidization. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods have been presented. Alternative methods of obtaining liposomal systems without the use of toxic organic solvents and detergents have been considered. It should be noted that development of methods for producing liposomal systems that could be implemented on an industrial scale for the intensive introduction of these systems in food technology is now becoming increasingly important.
Serum placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in preeclamptic women at their third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Nasser Nesreen , Baban Rayah , Al-Habib May , Jameel Risala
Published: January 2021

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) affects approximately 3% of all pregnancies, and it is still a major cause of the adverse perinatal outcome. PE is a multisystem disease characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria. Although PE etiology is not fully known, the placenta seems to play a central role in the development of the disease. The inadequate placentation process results in a change in angiogenic factors levels, such as the soluble form of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PLGF).
Objectives: To investigate the correlation between serum PLGF with soluble sFLT-1 in preeclamptic women at their third trimester.
Methods: A case-control study was carried out from August 2018 till January 2019. In this study, pregnant women were collected from the Al-Elweyia, Al-Hakeem, and Al-Imamain Alkadhimain medical city. The practical part was conducted at the College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University. The patient group includes 50 preeclamptic women in the third trimester (25 mild and 25 severe). Fifty healthy pregnant women (at their third trimester of gestation) were selected as control. Patients and control were compared for age, serum PLGF, and Sflt-1.
Results: Serum PLGF levels were decreased significantly among women who developed PE (2.14±0.029 pg/ml, 2.44±0.038 pg/ml vs. 2.68±0.017 pg/ml; p<0.05) severe PE, Mild PE, and the control group respectively, while, serum sFlt1 levels were increased significantly (p<0.05) between the groups of PE, (5.81±0.025, 5.51±0.024, 5.19±0.017 pg/ml) severe, mild and control, respectively.
Conclusions: Serum sFlt-1 and PLGF can be considered promising biomarkers for the preeclampsia. sFlt-1 and PLGF the ROC cut-offs (5.67 ng/ml, 2.09 ng/ml, respectively), the specificity and sensitivity of serum PLGF is more than that of serum sFlt-1, for the diagnosis of preeclampsia during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Conectados para aprender: Whatsapp, Facebook, QR Code e Google sala de aula
Authors: Togneri Telles Fabio , Pavani Delfino Lais
Published: January 2021

A pandemia chegou. Diante dos desafios enfrentados pela sociedade como um todo, com as escolas não poderiam ser diferentes. Iniciamos o ano letivo em fevereiro conforme calendário escolar e tudo pareciam transcorrer normalmente, quando abruptamente as aulas foram interrompidas. Faz seis meses e continuamos em casa, escolas fechadas, espaços silenciosos e vazios. Numa perspectiva de conectar a todos, em uma única corrente, pensamos em criar condições para tal e principalmente para a grande maioria, sem internet, através do wi-fi da escola, disponibilizado pela SEME. Com todas as medidas de segurança, através de rodízio de turmas, no entorno da escola, ao ar livre, passamos a receber os alunos. Assim, o presente artigo, de caráter qualitativo e característica investigativa, realizada com os alunos do 6º ao 9º ano da EMEB “Maria das Dores Pinheiro Amaral”, têm como finalidade trabalhar a habilidade de leitura, interpretação e elaboração de texto através do aplicativo QR CODE. O estudo apresenta um plano de ação como metodologia, a fim de trabalhar resolução de problemas matemáticos tendo como base Malba Tahan. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, uma vez que a experiência nos uniu mesmo distantes, porque vimos escola, alunos, pais e comunidade se articulando em tempos nunca vividos por nossa geração. Descobrimos que, como humanos, somos capazes de sermos criativos e fortes, para enfrentarmos os desafios.
Palavras-chave: Pandemia. Desafios. Aprendizagem.
Aplicação de uma sequência didática lúdica e interdisciplinar no desempenho escolar de alunos com dificuldades e distúrbios de aprendizagem
Authors: Gonçalves Borin Moro Letícia , Pereira Pretto Carlesso Janaína
Published: January 2021

Na presente pesquisa, teve-se como objetivo investigar se a aplicação de sequências didáticas interdisciplinares de natureza lúdica auxiliam na aprendizagem de crianças com dificuldades e distúrbios de aprendizagem. O estudo é de caráter qualitativo, tendo como técnica de pesquisa a pesquisa-ação, foi realizada em uma turma de 2° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola Municipal de Santa Maria, RS. Na turma estudada foram aplicadas duas vezes por semana, durante o ano de 2019, sequências didáticas interdisciplinares de caráter lúdico. No estudo, analisou-se se as práticas pedagógicas interdisciplinares auxiliam no desempenho escolar dos alunos com dificuldades e distúrbios de aprendizagem. Também foram realizadas três avaliações de desempenho dos alunos, formuladas pela pesquisadora professora regente da amostra estudada, contendo questões sobre alfabetização, embasadas teoricamente nas hipóteses de aquisição da escrita de Ferreiro e Teberosky (1991). Os pais ou responsáveis pelos alunos também participaram do estudo, sendo convidados a responder um questionário que investigou questões referentes ao desenvolvimento da criança. O estudo também apresenta resultados referentes às avaliações de desempenho dos alunos e demonstra que houve avanços na aprendizagem da grande maioria dos alunos participantes da pesquisa, porém nem todos se alfabetizaram. Cabe ressaltar que alunos com dificuldades e distúrbios de aprendizagem, na maioria dos casos, necessitam, além de aulas interdisciplinares e lúdicas, de tratamento com profissional especializado
Projeto profissional do jovem e sua contribuição para o protagonismo e (re)afirmação de jovens do campo
Authors: De Oliveira Eric , Del Rio Benevenuto Mônica Aparecida
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é parte da dissertação de mestrado do Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação Agrícola da UFRRJ, que teve como foco de investigação o projeto profissional dos jovens egressos da Escola Família Agrícola de Jaguaré. Neste artigo expomos parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida por meio de um recorte temporal, compreendido entre os anos de 2011 e 2016. O objetivo é refletir, a partir da realização dos projetos, sobre o alcance dessa proposta pedagógica nas perspectivas de jovens profissionais que concluíram o curso Técnico em Agropecuária na Escola Família Agrícola de Jaguaré, e sua contribuição para o seu envolvimento e permanência no cotidiano do campo. Os resultados revelaram que os jovens colocaram em prática os projetos, deram continuidade dos estudos e permanência no campo, mantendo-se economicamente por meio de atividades agropecuárias com a família e outros jovens desenvolveram atividades pluriativas. A conclusão aponta que o projeto profissional do jovem proposto pela escola faz parte de um projeto para manter o compromisso de reconhecer os jovens como atores protagonistas de transformação do campo e seu envolvimento com a comunidade local.
produção de redes na pesca artesanal como saber estruturante para o ensino de física escolar: diálogo de saberes no pibid educação do campo da UFPR litoral
Authors: Melzer Ehrick Eduardo Martins , Gonçalves Haluch João Marcos , Gonsalves Camilo André Luis
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo busca problematizar e apresentar uma prática pedagógica desenvolvida no âmbito do PIBID no NID Educação do Campo. O objetivo desta ação foi de construir em duas escolas do campo (Colégio Estadual do Campo Hiram Rolim Lamas e Colégio Estadual do Campo Ilha das Peças) processos de diálogo de saberes entre os saberes tradicionais da pesca artesanal e da física escolar, mais especificamente sobre tração, leis de Newton e forças. Para desenvolver esta ação pedagógica nas unidades educacionais foram desenvolvidos 4 etapas. Estas consistiram em: i) planejamento da proposta; ii) organização e desenvolvimento da oficina de produção de redes; iii) desenvolvimento do diálogo de saberes nas escolas e iv) avaliação da proposta pedagógica. O objetivo maior da prática foi de construir a ponte entre o saber da rede na pesca artesanal com os saberes da física escolar. Outro ponto que foi desenvolvido na prática foi a conscientização dos estudantes sobre a história da pesca artesanal e seu lugar como prática identitária caiçara. Ao final da ação, materiais pedagógicos foram produzidos para possibilitar a continuidade dos trabalhos pelos professores nas duas escolas. Em nossa avaliação coletiva com as escolas percebemos o envolvimento dos estudantes com a produção de redes e a construção da curiosidade epistemológica em torno dos saberes sobre a física. Neste sentido, avaliamos a proposta de construção do diálogo de saberes como potencial na descolonização dos saberes físicos tradicionais trabalhados na escola. Buscando harmonizar o aprendizado da ciência sem que se perca a identidade comunitária camponesa.

Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo, Ensino de Ciências, Física, Pesca Artesanal, Diálogo de Saberes.
Cinquenta anos de pedagogia da alternância no Brasil: conflitos e desafios
Authors: Nosella Paolo
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho busca relatar o processo histórico de origem da pedagogia da alternância no mundo e no Brasil, enfatizando como o movimento dos CEFFA’s contribuem para a formação geral do ser humano. Inicialmente o texto realça o contexto político da Alternância no estado do Espírito Santo, no ano de 2016, a partir das investidas do Estado sobre este movimento, interferindo no seu funcionamento, justificado, também, pela não compreensão da articulação dos tempos e espaços de formação. É caracterizado uma escola em pedagogia da alternância, a partir dos princípios inspiradores dos CEFFA’s e dos Instrumentos didático-pedagógicos, como possibilidades de resistência à invasão do Capital no campo. Ao final, como possibilidade de ampliar o processo de formação dos sujeitos envolvidos na Pedagogia da Alternância, além de preservar o germe desta proposta, propõe a criação de Centro Pedagógico Nacional.
Agroecologia no contexto da educação do campo e da pedagogia da alternância
Authors: Siqueira Leonardo de Miranda , Antunes-Rocha Maria Isabel , Ribeiro Luiz Paulo
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado cujo objetivo foi investigar as Representações Sociais dos Educadores dos Centros Familiares de Formação em Alternância Sobre Agroecologia. Em especial, neste artigo, trilhamos o caminho de analisar a compreensão dos educadores do Ceffas sobre agroecologia. Como metodologia, os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários estruturados. O grupo amostral foi composto por educadores de 18 Ceffas do Estado do Espírito Santo, onde foram aplicados 110 questionários, tendo retorno de 65 respostas. Os resultados apontaram para uma compreensão de agroecologia ancorada em elementos do contexto dos Ceffas, assim como elementos que se referem à trajetória dos sujeitos. De toda forma, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para aproximação das matrizes: educação do campo, pedagogia da alternância e agroecologia.
Mística no contexto do movimento da Educação do Campo
Authors: Galvão Baldotto Ozana Luzia , Pereira Morila Ailton
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo é parte de uma pesquisa realizada no mestrado em Ensino na Educação Básica da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), financiada pela bolsa de estudos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A pesquisa contextualizou os elementos pedagógicos das propostas pedagógicas das Escolas do Campo nos Municípios de Jaguaré e São Mateus, localizados no Estado do Espírito Santo. Os elementos pedagógicos pesquisados foram: o Plano de Estudo/Ficha de Pesquisa; a Auto-organização; a Mística; a Pasta da Realidade/Caderno da Realidade/Portfólio; o Caderno de Planejamento e Reflexão/Caderno de Acompanhamento; as Atividades/Conteúdos Vivenciais (visita/viagem de estudo, oficina/experiências, intervenções/palestras); a Visita às Famílias. A pesquisa envolveu 6 (seis) escolas, com foco nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, com abrangência em 3 (três) unidades escolares no Município de Jaguaré e 3 (três) no Município de São Mateus. Neste artigo trataremos sobre a Mística, considerando os apontamentos da pesquisa nas unidades escolares. A Mística é considerada um elemento essencial no projeto pedagógico das escolas do campo por possibilitar o envolvimento dos diversos povos do campo na construção e fortalecimento desse projeto. A metodologia utilizada foi a História Oral Temática, com entrevistas gravadas, deixando o entrevistado à vontade para dialogar sobre o tema pesquisado. As entrevistas envolveram educadores, estudantes, representantes de pais e lideranças comunitárias das escolas pesquisadas.
Educação do Campo e Agroecologia: Tecendo conhecimento e construindo saberes na formação profissional do jovem no município de Jaguaré-ES
Authors: De Araújo Paixão Nina Valéria , Sôares Silva Divina Leila
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar de que maneira a Educação Profissional Tecnológica - EPT alicerçada na Educação do Campo e na Agroecologia  vem contribuindo com a transformação social de estudantes da Escola Família Agrícola de Jaguaré no norte do Espírito Santo. A coleta de dados durou em torno de quatro meses, cuja análise se deu em caráter qualitativo. A pesquisa comprovou que embora genericamente as famílias dos estudantes ainda mantenham traços do manejo convencional com a adoção de insumos agrícolas industrializados, a formação profissional alcançada por meio da Educação do Campo vem possibilitando aos jovens ressignificar as práticas de manejo agrícola praticados em suas unidades produtivas, em vista dos cuidados do solo, de maneira sustentável, contribuindo significativamente com o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar no município.

Palavras-chave: juventude rural; pedagogia da alternância; desenvolvimento local; sustentabilidade;  agricultura camponesa.
A Study of Human Resource Accounting
Authors: Gupta Arunesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

Human Resource Accounting (HRA) is a new branch of accounting. It follows the traditional concept that all expenditure on human capital formation is taken as a charge against the revenue of the period as it does not create any physical assets modern view is that cost incurred on any assets as Human Resources need to be capitalized as it provides benefits measurable in monetary terms. Measurement of cost and value of the people to organized as is highly important cost incurred in recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development of employees the concept of HRA has been defined by the American Accounting Association has “The process of identifying and measuring data about Human Resource and communication this information to interested parties. The study of this paper shows meaning, objective, importance and different method of Human Resource Accounting.
Calidad de agua y nivel de satisfacción en la comunidad universitaria de la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva, 2019
Authors: SUAREZ VÁSQUEZ JORGE ALEJANDRO , ORE CIERTO LUIS EDUARDO , LOARTE ALIAGA WENDY CAROLINE , ORÉ CIERTO JUAN DANIEL
Published: January 2021

El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en la Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva - Huánuco, Perú; entre los meses de julio del 2019 hasta enero del 2020, siendo su objetivo evaluar la calidad del agua del sistema de abastecimiento y medir el nivel de satisfacción, se contó con la participación de la comunidad universitaria. Se determinó el ICA (índice de calidad del agua) del agua para la quebrada Cochero, Córdova y Naranjal tanto para la época de estiaje y avenida de acuerdo a la normativa del ECAs y del LMP su calificación es “Bueno” para el consumo humano. El 35.50% de los encuestados están insatisfecho con la calidad del agua provenientes de las quebradas, pero un 16.02% están satisfecho con la calidad del agua, el 42.42% están insatisfecho con en el cuidado que recibe el sistema de abastecimiento, pero un 3.90% están totalmente satisfecho con el mantenimiento. Se puede concluir que las aguas de las quebradas de Cochero, Córdova y Naranjal son buenas para el consumo humano, y con respecto a la satisfacción de la comunidad universitaria tiene un nivel de correlación positiva media, por lo que la calidad del agua no se asocia con la satisfacción estadísticamente.
Research for toxicity and determination IC50 of tea leaf extracts on cervical cancer cell and breast cancer cell MCF7 by in vitro
Authors: Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Nguyen Duc Thanh ,   Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi,   Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi
Published: January 2021

After extracting tea leaves with methanol 80% (acidified with HCl), the extraction was purified through two phases: the first stage used the column of silica gel with gradient elution, the second stage continued to be isolated on Sephadex LH-20 column with isometric elution mode, K powder was obtained. The test of toxicity of K powder on two MCF37 breast cancer cell lines and Hela cervical cancer was carried out and obtained the following results: IC50 of the composition with the line MCF37 was 31.62 µg/mL and with the line Hela was 50.1 µg/mL. Compared with the positive control group of Taxol showed that the efficacy of the obtained product was lower. However, this is a new direction in the use of drugs derived from plants in general and tea leaves in particular.
Simultaneous determination of six auxin plant growth promoters in agricultural products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Vu Ngoc Tu , Dang Thi Hien , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Pham Thi Ngoc Mai , Hoang Quoc Anh , Bui Cao Tien , Bui Quang Dong , Le Thi Hong Hao , Tran Cao Son ,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

A highly sensitive and specific method for simultaneous determination of six synthetic auxins (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2-napthoxyacetic acid (NOA), indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) were developed using a QuEChERS-based sample extraction followed by an LC-MS/MS analysis. The method was validated and proved as meeting the AOAC International requirements for specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in the range of 3 and 200 µg/kg. LOD and LOQ of all analytes were at 1 µg/kg and 3 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of six synthetic auxins were from 78.9% to 96.4% and the repeatability relative standard deviations were below 12.6%. The method was applied to simultaneously determine the content of 4-CPA, MCPA, NAA, NOA, IPA, IBA in vegetables, tubers, and fruits samples collected from different markets in Hanoi (Mai Dich, Dan Phuong, Giap Bat, Bach Mai, and Nga Tu So). MCPA was detected in 22/30 vegetable samples (3.0 ÷ 7.1 µg/kg), 9/30 tuber samples (3.2 ÷ 3.7 µg/kg); 4-CPA was detected in bean sprouts in the range from 23 to 75 µg/kg which exceeded the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) of 10 µg/kg set by European Commission.
The occurrence of mycotoxins in food collected from some northern provinces of Vietnam in 2019
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ha Binh , Nguyen Ngoc Son , Nguyen Thi Lan , Tran Cao Son ,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the content of aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1 in some food product. Samples were extracted and cleaned by QUEChERS approach. The extract was measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The positive samples were reconfirmed by standard methods using immunoaffinity extraction. The detection limit of the method for aflatoxin, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone were 0.5, 30, 0.5, 60, and 3.0 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of all analytes were in the range of 70 - 110%. The repeatability coefficient of variation were in the range of 5,1 - 13%. Among the 300 food samples tested, there were 43 samples detected with studied mycotoxins, accounting for 14.3%, mainly focusing on unprocessed cereals. In which, 10 spice samples, 04 peanuts and sesame samples, 01 candy sample, 01 sample of nutritious cereal flour, and 01 food supplement sample were found to be contaminated with aflatoxin, ochratoxin A exceeding the maximum level of Ministry Of Health according to QCVN 8-1 : 2011/BYT.
Determination of macroline and tetracyclines group in water by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Le Van Trong , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hang , Do Quang Huy , Nguyen Manh Khai ,   National Center for Food Analysis and Assessment – Food Industries Research Institute,   National Center for Food Analysis and Assessment – Food Industries Research Institute,   Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Sciences, Vietnam Nationnal University,   Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Sciences, Vietnam Nationnal University
Published: January 2021

Antibiotics are contaminants at low concentrations and found in water with the range of ng/L. Determination of antibiotics at trace concentrations requires modern and high accuracy equipment. Liquid chromatography mass tandem spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) able to determine contaminants at ppt and ppb levels, which is suitable for quantification of the macrolide and tetracycline group in water. The Analytical method using Agilent Triple Quard 6460 LC-MS/MS system with positive ion mode. Agilent XDB C18 column (1.8 µm × 2.1 × 100 mm) and Agilent Eclipse SDB C18 pre-column (2.1 × 5 mm × 1.8 µm) were used. Mobile phase was acetonitrile and HCOOH 0.1%. Samples were cleaned with Oasis PRiME HLB 3cc SPE column (150 mg). The method was evaluated based on specificity, recovery, repeatability and estimation of the uncertainty. The method detection limit (MDL) for the analytes is 0.03 µg/L. Recovery ranges from 85.23 -117.70%; repeatability (RSDr) is between 2.20% and 12.45%.
Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 6-benzylaminopurine and forchlorfenuron in bean sprout
Authors: Vu Ngoc Tu , Nguyen Sy Chuc , Le Dinh Chi , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Tran Cao Son ,   National Institute for Food Control,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy,   University of Science, Vietnam National University,   National Institute for Food Control
Published: January 2021

The overuse of plant growth promoters in agriculture, especially those derived from a synthetic cytokinin group, is increasing rapidly. In this study, the method for determining two plant growth hormones of the cytokinin group, including 6-benzylaminopurine and forchlorfenuron in bean sprouts, was developed based on the QuEChERS extraction technique in combination with LC-MS/MS detection and quantification. Chromatographic conditions include C18 reversed phase column, a gradient mobile phase system with two channels of H2O and MeOH, with the addition of 0.1% formic acid and 10 mM amonium formate. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detector, with positive electrospray ionization source (ESI+), multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, was used to confirm the analytes’ presence. The sample preparation process was optimized using QuEChERS approach with acetonitrile as an extraction solvent, PSA as adsorbent. Method validation data includes the LOQ of 3.0 µg/kg, the recoveries from 79.1 - 117%, and the repeatability relative standard deviation from 3.0 - 7.0%, which meets the requirements of AOAC and European Union. The method was applied to analyze some bean sprouts samples in Hanoi city, 5 out of 6 samples were found to contain 6-benzylaminopurine with the content exceeding the EU’s maximum residue limit.
Xây dựng và thẩm định phương pháp xác định đồng thời 6-benzylaminopurine và forchlorfenuron trong giá đỗ bằng kỹ thuật sắc ký lỏng khối phổ hai lần
Authors: Vũ Ngọc Tú , Nguyễn Sỹ Chức , Lê Đình Chi , Nguyễn Thị Ánh Hường , Trần Cao Sơn ,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia,   Trường Đại học Dược Hà Nội,   Trường Đại học Dược Hà Nội,   Trường Đại học Khoa học Tự nhiên, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội,   Viện Kiểm nghiệm an toàn vệ sinh thực phẩm quốc gia
Published: January 2021

Việc lạm dụng các chất tăng trưởng thực vật trong nông nghiệp, đặc biệt là các chất có nguồn gốc tổng hợp nhóm cytokinin, có xu hướng ngày càng gia tăng. Trong nghiên cứu này, phương pháp xác định hai chất tăng trưởng thực vật nhóm cytokinin gồm 6-benzylaminopurine và forchlorfenuron trong giá đỗ đã được nghiên cứu xây dựng dựa trên kỹ thuật chiết QuEChERS kết hợp với LC-MS/MS. Điều kiện sắc ký gồm cột pha đảo C18, pha động ở chế độ gradient với hai kênh H2O và MeOH có bổ sung thêm hỗn hợp acid formic 0,1% và amoni formate 10 mM. Detector khối phổ ba tứ cực, với nguồn ion hóa phu điện tử dương (ESI+), chế độ theo dõi đa phản ứng (MRM) đã được sử dụng để khẳng định sự có mặt của các chất nghiên cứu. Quy trình xử lý mẫu được tối ưu theo phương pháp QuEChERS sử dụng ACN làm dung môi chiết, PSA làm chất hấp phụ cho hiệu quả chiết tốt. Phương pháp xây dựng có LOQ đạt 3,0 µg/kg với độ thu hồi từ 79,1% đến 117%, độ lặp lại từ 3,0% đến 7,0% đạt yêu cầu theo quy định của AOAC và Châu Âu. Phương pháp đã được ứng dụng để phân tích một số mẫu giá đỗ trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội, có 5/6 mẫu được phát hiện có 6-benzylaminopurine với hàm lượng vượt giới hạn tồn dư tối đa theo quy định châu Âu.
Prevalence of classical Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ready-to-eat food in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Do Phuc , Dang Thuy Linh , Le Thi My Huong , Tran Thi Thuy , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bong , Quach Kim Ngoc ,   Institute of Public Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Institute of Public Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Institute of Public Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Institute of Public Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Institute of Public Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Institute of Public Health of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

Contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat (RTE) food is a leading cause of foodborne illness in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of classical Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see genes) in S. aureus strains isolated from ready-to-eat food in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam (76 strains of  S. aureus were isolated from 200 random samples of ready - to - eat (RTE) food, which include pate, pork roll, barbecue pork, roasted pork and roasted duck, 40 samples of each), all the samples were collected from different fast food services on street in district 5, 6, 7 and 8 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. All the trains of S. aureus were stored at -70oC for analyzing Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes). The obtained results in this study indicated that out of 76 S. aureus strains, there are 6 strains (7.9%) carried SE genes:  sea gene (1.32%) was detected in one pate sample (Dist. 8), sec gene was detected (3.95%) in three samples, which are two pork roll samples (Dist. 7 and 8) and one roasted duck sample (Dist. 8), and finally see gene was detected in one pate sample (Dist. 8)and in one pork roll sample (Dist.  8). This could be a serious public health risk and highlight the need to implement good hygiene practices.
Determination of illegal colorants in grilled meats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Doan Thu Huyen , Pham Thi Thanh Ha , Nguyen Quang Ha , Luong Nguyen Thuy Duong , Trinh Viet Van , Nguyen Thi Hong Ngoc , Tran Cao Son ,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Nguyen Hue Highschool for Gifted Student, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Nguyen Hue Highschool for Gifted Student, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Nguyen Hue Highschool for Gifted Student, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

An analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was validated for the simultaneous determination of three illegal colorants including chrysoidine G, para red, and pararosaniline in grilled meat. The meat samples were homogenized and extracted by QuEChERS, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Good linearity was obtained in a range of 30 - 1000 µg/L, 5 - 1000 µg/L, and 0.5 - 1000 µg/L  for chrysoidine G, para red, and pararosaniline, respectively. The repeatability and accuracy of the method were adequate with the recoveries ranged from 90% to 98% and RSD% of 5.3 to 10.7% for 3 compounds. The procedure was applied for 49 samples of different types of grilled meat collected from six different areas in Hanoi. Chrysoidine G was detected in 19 samples. It's remarkable that among these positive samples, 6 samples were found negative on homogenized samples, and positive with chrysoidine selected sample with the more intensely colored surface part.
Effects of chitosan concentration on the quality and storage time of poultry eggs
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tri , Che Thi Cam Ha , Vo Van Quy , Nguyen Bao Hai , Tran Thi Hao ,   University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam,   University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam,   University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam,   University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam,   University of Sciences, Hue University, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

This paper presents some results associated with physicochemical changes of fresh duck eggs after being preserved by chitosan membranes at different concentrations. Chitosan coating at the concentration of 1.5% worked best for preserving fresh duck eggs at normal temperature. The number of total Coliforms after 30 days was 30 Coliforms/100 g sample. There was no detection of the existence of Salmonella in eggs of experimental samples.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ethanol extract of some medicinal plants
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Ngoc , Vu Thi Nguyet Minh , Phung Thi Tuyen , Nguyen Thi Huong Lan ,   Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate for antimicrobial activity and phytochemical properties of the extracts from some plants belonging to different species such as Piper betle L., Allium cepa L., Allium ascalonium L., Allium Sativum L., Curcuma longa L.; Paederia tomentosa L.; Wedelia chinensis M. and Chromolaena odorata L. These extracts have been prepared and the antimicrobial activities have been examined on some bacteria strains like Escherichia coli T1, Bacillus cereus M1; Salmonella sp. ST; Shigella sp. AT and one fungus strain Aspegillus flavus KN by agar disc diffusion method. Results showed that the extracts from total of 8 plant species have been inhibited the growth of all over the micro-organisms strains used in the test at a different ratio, but the ethanol extracts from Piper betle and Wedelia chinensis M. showed the highest effect. Also, the extracts then were tested for the presence of bioactive compounds. The results showed that there were tannins, flavones, carbohydrates, proteins, and oils in Wedelia chinensis M.extracts. In Piper betle extracts there were many phytochemical compounds including phenols, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, resins, and oils.
Determination of acrylamide content in processed starchy foods in Hanoi
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huong , Vu Thi Bich Phuong , Nguyen Van Long , Dao Thi Thanh Diu , Chu Manh Linh , Dang The Hung ,   Hanoi University of Public Health,   Hanoi University of Public Health,   Hanoi University of Public Health,   Hanoi University of Public Health,   Hanoi University of Public Health,   Hanoi University of Public Health
Published: January 2021

Acrylamide is a toxic chemical formed in high temperature-processed foods (e.g., Potato snacks, instant noodle, etc.). Previous studied showed that acrylamide is a carcinogenic agent in human and animals. Evaluation of acrylamide contents in some processed starchy foods has been performed in order to investigate the presence of acrylamide in foods in Hanoi. This study is to validate a LC-MS/MS method for determination of acrylamide in food and to determine the acrylamide content in some processed starchy foods available in Hanoi, Vietnam. Samples of potato chips collected from food shops in Hanoi were tested. The acrylamide content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, and recovery. The assay was linear over the entire range of calibration standards i.e., a concentration range from 1 ng/mL to 2500 ng/mL (r2 >0.996). The precision and recoveries were obtained based on the AOAC guidelines. The lower limit of quantification of the analytical method of acrylamide was 24,82 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to determine acrylamide in 28 samples of potato snacks. The content of acrylamide ranged from 58.0 to 1829.6 mg/kg. Acrylamide was detected in all samples, nevertheless, the acrylamide content was lower than that from other studies published in 2009 in Europe.  
Selecting proficiency testing schemes and using its results in food testing
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thuy , Ho Tran Ngoc Quyen , Luong Thanh Uyen ,   Quality Assurance and Testing Center 3,   Quality Assurance and Testing Center 3,   Quality Assurance and Testing Center 3
Published: January 2021

Proficiency testing (PT) is an objective tool to assess the laboratory’s performance. Participation in PT helps laboratories self-monitoring and self-evaluating the reliability of results. Nowadays, together with the development of laboratories, the demand of participating PT schemes is increasing, and there are variety of PT providers and PT schemes correspondingly. Hence, without of appropriate criteria for selection of PT schemes and the purposes of participating PT, time, money and effort could be excessively consumed, especially for laboratories that perform numerous different tests. In this study, principles for choosing appropriate PT schemes and using the PT results effectively for laboratories, particularly in food testing laboratories were provided.