bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN ANALISA JABATAN (ANJAB) YANG TEPAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PARIWISATA KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Wiranda Alfika , Johanes Wilfrid Pangihutan Purba
Published: October 2020

Abstrak:
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh pelaksanaan analisa jabatan yang tepat terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada DINAS PARIWISATA Kota Pematangsiantar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analisia jabatan berkaitan dengan peningkatan kinerja pegawai pada DINAS PARIWISATA Kota Pematangsiantar. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) pada DINAS PARIWISATA Kota Pematangsiantar.
          Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan membagikan kuesioner kepada subjek penelitian yang sudah ditentukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif digunakan karena data penelitian berupa angka-angka dan analis menggunakan statistik. Dimana dalam penelitian ini uji keabsahan data menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistics Versi 26. 
          Pada hasil kuesioner dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya analisa jabatan yang tepat dapat memberikan kejelasan tugas-tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang dari suatu pekerjaan sehingga pekerjaan yang dilakukan dapat terlaksanan secara efektif. Analisis jabatan merupakan sumber informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan di suatu organisasi/instansi, terutama di DINAS PARIWISATA Kota Pematangsiantar yang mempunyai sedikit pegawai ini. Dua dokumen penting bagi perusahaan yaitu uraian jabatan dan spesifikasi yang memuat berbagai hal terkait pekerjaan masing-masing posisi jabatan yang mendukung peningkatan kinerja pegawai. Dengan meningkatnya kinerja pegawai dapat menjadi tolak ukur sejauh mana suatu instansi telah mencapai tujuan serta visi dan misinya dengan menggunakan berbagi sumber daya, sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung. Peningkatan kinerja pegawai diukur dengan beberapa indikator yaitu pemanfaatan waktu bekerja, jumlah beban kerja, ketepatan dalam bekerja, ketelitian dalam bekerja, penyelesaian tugas dan besarnya tanggung jawab atas tugas. Dengan adanya penerapan analisa jabatan yang tepat akan membuat kinerja pegawai di DINAS PARIWISATA Kota Pematangsiantar menjadi meningkat.
 Kata Kunci : Analisa Jabatan, dan Peningkatan Kinerja.
The maximum extent of continental ice sheets at the foot of Ořešník and Poledník in the northern slope of the Jizerské hory Mountains
Authors: Traczyk Andrzej , Engel Zbyněk
Published: October 2020

Geomorphological observations of the continental ice sheets trim line in the northern part of the Jizerské hory Mountains have been done. The research aims to investigate possibilities of selected techniques in determination of glacial landscape. Continental ice sheets trimline could be reconstructed using comparative analysis of rock weathering variables on the surface of rock landforms. In the Sudetes these methods were applied only in the Pogórze Kaczawskie (Migoń et al. 2002). Results of similar research, which was done at the northern foot of the Ořešník and Poledník Mountains, are presented in this paper.
A diode-pumped high-repetition-frequency passively Q-switched Nd:LaMgAl11O19 laser
Authors: Yan Xu  , Ziye Gao  , Guangqiong Xia  , Zhengmao Wu
Published: October 2020

High-repetition-frequency Q-switched laser is realized through adopting a Nd:LaMgAl11O19 (Nd:LMA) disordered crystal as the gain material, a laser diode lasing at 796 nm as the pumped source, and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) as the Q-switched device. The output characteristics are analyzed under using different transmittance T plane mirrors as an output coupler. Without adopting SESAM, the laser is operating at a CW state, and a relatively high transmittance is helpful for achieving high output power, slope efficiency and light-to-light efficiency. For T = 7.5% and an absorbed power of 6.17 W, the output power arrives at its maximum of 1160 mW, and the corresponding slope efficiency and light-to-light efficiency are 20.71% and 18.78%, respectively. After introducing SESAM into the cavity, the laser operates at a passively Q-switched state, and the largest slope efficiency is 13.14% under T = 5.0%. Adopting five different output couplers, with the increase of the absorbed power, the pulse repetition frequencies, the pulse energies and the peak powers will ascend while the pulse widths will decline. The observed narrowest pulse width, the maximum pulse repetition frequency, the highest pulse energy and peak power are 1.745 μs, 175.88 kHz, 3.21 μJ and 1.84 W, respectively.
A model of degree of scattering polarization for oil spilling
Authors: Xiao Wang  , Jiang Xu  , Weixian Qian  , Jingyi Ouyang
Published: October 2020

Oil slicks often show uncertain surface roughness and Fresnel reflection parameters. Consequently, differentiating oil spilled on the seawater in these areas using optical sensors is a challenge. Therefore, the optical mechanism of the oil film has been studied by the Maxwell equation. It is found that the polarization characteristics of the oil slicks can help us to overcome this problem. According to the Fresnel formula, the scattering coefficient and scattering rate of the homogeneous oil film have been deduced, and the phase difference of the scattering electromagnetic wave has also been calculated to verify the accuracy of the model. The parameter, a degree of scattering polarization, has been derived to identify the oil slicks on the sea wave. It depends on accurately knowing the Stokes parameter for the reflected light, and varies with the refractive index of the surface layer and viewing angles. The actual spilled oil has been measured by this model, and the oil film can be accurately identified at various angles. These preliminary results suggest that the potential of multi-angle polarization measurement of ocean surface needs further researches.
Trend in the use of topical ocular anti-infectives in a region of Spain between 2015 and 2019: a population-based registry study
Authors: Gutiérrez-Abejón Eduardo , Herrera-Gómez Francisco , Ayestarán-Martínez Ignacio J. , Álvarez Francisco Javier ,   Pharmacological Big Data Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Published: October 2020

Objectives. This study presents the use and trends of use of topical ocular anti-infectives into a European population in the current decade (2015 to 2019) with an analysis of concomitant use with other ocular drugs, considering distribution by age and gender. Patients and Methods. A population-based registry study was carried out to assess the ocular anti-infectives use from 2015 to 2019. All dispensations of these medicines at pharmacies in the largest region of Spain, Castile and León, was accessed. The number of packages dispensed, the percentage of the population under treatment, diagnosis, and the concomitant use with other ocular medicines was observed. For all analyses, the population distribution by age and gender was considered. Results. An average of 198,000 packages of topical ocular anti-infectives were dispensed annually to 5.38% of the population, and more commonly for women than for men (5.83% vs. 4.91%). Children and the elderly used more these medicines. Tobramycin, alone or in combination, accounted for more than 68% of the total consumption (135,000 packages per year), and was the most widely used anti-infective in almost all identified diagnoses. Conjunctivitis (50.12%), and stye (11.51%) were the most frequent diagnoses. The consumption of ocular anti-infectives increased by 8.23% from 2015 to 2019, and more among men than in women. Conclusions. Our findings show that the most used topical ocular anti-infective was tobramycin, in accordance with the clinical practice guidelines recommendations. However, ocular infections are sometimes treated empirically, especially conjunctivitis.
THE IMPACTS OF BRAND EXPERIENCES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH
Authors: Almohaimmeed Bader
Published: October 2020

The problem addressed in this study is that the impact of the customer experience on the achievement of positive customer outcomes is still unknown in Arabic restaurants. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of brand experience, as measured through sensory, emotional, behavioural, and intellectual brand experience, on customer satisfaction and customer electronic word of mouth (eWOM) as well as the effect of customer satisfaction on eWOM. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire consisting of 18 items distributed to a convenience sample of Facebook users. A total of 311 valid responses were collected. The participants were asked to evaluate their satisfaction and eWOM based on 6 items and their brand experience based on 12 items. Using IBM SPSS AMOS, the study revealed that three dimensions of brand experience (sensory, emotional, and behavioural) were significantly related to customer satisfaction and eWOM. Intellectual brand experience, according to the results of the current study, had no significant effect on customer satisfaction or eWOM. This conclusion is highlighted at the end of the paper along with its implications and recommendations. The contribution of this study stems from the fact that it alerts organizations to the factors influencing customer behaviour that ultimately lead to positive outcomes.
HST UV Observations of Asteroid (16) Psyche
Authors: Becker Tracy M. , Cunningham Nathaniel , Molyneux Philippa , Roth Lorenz , Feaga Lori M. , Retherford Kurt D. , Landsman Zoe A. , Peavler Emma , Elkins-Tanton Linda T. , Walhund Jan-Erik
Published: October 2020

The Main Belt Asteroid (16) Psyche is the target object of the NASA Discovery Mission Psyche. We observed the asteroid at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (170–310 nm) using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope during two separate observations. We report that the spectrum is very red in the UV, with a blue upturn shortward of ∼200 nm. We find an absorption feature at 250 nm and a weaker absorption feature at 275 nm that may be attributed to a metal-oxide charge transfer band. We find that the red-sloped, relatively featureless spectrum of (16) Psyche is best matched with the reflectance spectrum of pure iron; however, our intimate mixture models show that small grains of iron may dominate the reflectance spectrum even if iron only comprises up to 10% of the material on the surface. We also stress that there is a limited database of reflectances for planetary surface analogs at UV wavelengths for comparison with the spectrum of (16) Psyche. The mid- and far-UV spectra (<240 nm) are markedly different for each of the four asteroids observed at these wavelengths so far, including ones in the same spectral class, indicating that UV observations of asteroids could be used to better understand differences in the composition and processing of the surfaces of these small bodies.
Educating a Diverse Nursing Staff: One Hospital's Tips for Success
Authors: Hilgemeier Stacey , Nagel Thomas Jamie , Embree Jennifer L.
Published: October 2020

Identifying process breaks that increase risks to patient safety in hospitals results in the need for educational interventions. These interventions must be effective to meet the needs of a diverse nursing staff. Finding ways to best reach nursing staff and overcome challenges requires creative solutions to keep a large, diverse nursing staff up-to-date on current and best practices. Strategies include blended learning, electronic distribution, and educational flyers to provide a variety of formats to meet the educational needs within the organization.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(11):498–500.]
Setting the Foundation for an In Situ Simulation Program Through the Development of a Malignant Hyperthermia Simulation in the Operating Room
Authors: Matsco Maria , Marich Megan , Parke Paula
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the VA Manchester Healthcare System's journey to develop a robust simulation program and how an in situ simulation for malignant hyperthermia (MH) laid the foundation. Nurse educators collaborated with a certified registered nurse anesthetist to develop a simulation in the operating room using our MH protocol, which included the support of the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States. The positive reaction from this in situ training led to additional simulation requests for the education department.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(11):523–527.]
Ophthalmic Irrigants: A Current Review and Update
Authors: McDermott Mark L , Edelhauser Henry F , Hack Howard M , Langston Roger H S
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

The search for an ideal intraocular irrigating solution is of paramount importance to the ophthalmic surgeon. An intraocular irrigating solution, as well as surgical technique, can have deleterious effects on ocular tissues. Since an intraocular irrigating solution comes in contact with the cornea, lens, trabecular meshwork, uvea, vitreous, and retina, an ideal irrigant would be one that ensures biological function for all of these tissues. In a practical sense, the best irrigant is one that causes the least possible damage to the structural integrity and function of the intraocular environment. This paper summarizes the development, uses, and efficacy of intraocular irrigating solutions as currently used during intraocular surgery.
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy After Combat Ocular Trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom: 2001–2011
Authors: Blackford Brendan G. , Justin Grant A. , Baker Katherine M. , Brooks Daniel I. , Wang Heuy-Ching H. , Ryan Denise S. , Weichel Eric D. , Colyer Marcus H.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine the risk factors associated with developing proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) from combat ocular injuries in U.S. service members.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective review of associated risk factors and outcomes of PVR within the Walter Reed Ocular Trauma Database. Ocular injuries in U.S. service members wounded during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom from 2001 to 2011 were assessed, and of these all cases of PVR were studied. Principal outcome measures were the risk factors associated with PVR development and rate of final visual acuity (VA) less than 20/200.

RESULTS:

Eight hundred ninety eyes of 651 U.S. service members were evaluated. A total of 76 eyes (8.5%) of 66 patients developed PVR. Five patients had bilateral PVR. Nineteen patients had bilateral eye injuries. Sixty-one eyes (80.2%) had a final VA less than 20/200. PVR was found to be a significant risk factor for a poor final VA (
P
< .001). Retinal detachment (RD) was found in 52 eyes (68.4%) of patients. In patients with a RD, intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) (
P
< .001), unsuccessful repair (
P
= .002), and macular hemorrhage (
P
= .04) were significant risk factors for the development of PVR. Time to initial retina surgery was not found to be a risk factor for PVR development (
P
= .5). Time to initial retina surgery was available in 41 patients and the time to surgery on average was 22.56 days (range: 3 to 87 days).

CONCLUSIONS:

PVR occurs frequently in combat trauma and is a significant cause of poor final VA. In patients with PVR and RD, injuries caused by an IOFB, macular hemorrhage, or unsuccessful repair were significant risk factors for the development of PVR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:556–563.]
Morphological Characteristics Predict Postoperative Outcomes After Vitrectomy in Myopic Traction Maculopathy Patients
Authors: Duan Tian-Qi , Tan Wei , Yang Jie , Li Fang-Ling , Xiong Si-Qi , Wang Xiang-Gui , Xu Hui-Zhuo
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To provide the surgical indication for patients with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) by investigating the postoperative outcomes after vitrectomy among different types of morphological characteristic groups.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study that included patients (37 eyes) diagnosed with MTM at a single institution. All 37 eyes from 37 patients with MTMs were classified into three groups: foveal retinoschisis (FS), lamellar macular hole (LMH), and foveal retinal detachment (FRD). The ratios of anatomic recovery, central retinal thickness (CRT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were statistically analyzed among the three groups preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after vitrectomy.

RESULTS:

Anatomical recovery could be found in all patients of the FS group at 6 months postoperatively and in the LMH group at 12 months postoperatively. Only 83.33% patients in the FRD group showed anatomic recovery until 12 months. The time taken for CRT to reduce to 200 µm was gradually increased between the FS, LMH, and FRD groups. Postoperative BCVA was better in the FS group than the LMH and FRD groups (
P
< .05), but the LMH and FDR groups had no difference (
P
≥ .05) at any point. The visual acuity was significantly improved in the FS group (
P
< .01) and FRD group (
P
= .018), but not in the LMH group (
P
= .196) at 12 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

The FS group achieved anatomical recovery in the shortest time and had the best postoperative BCVA. FRD patients could get visual gain but need too much time for the anatomical recovery. LMH patients experienced anatomic success with surgery, but not in BCVA. Early surgery might be considered for eyes at FS prior to the occurrence of LMH or FRD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:574–582.]
El giro posthumanista en las humanidades y sus implicaciones para la filosofía de la técnica
Authors: Parente Diego
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo pretende evaluar críticamente los impactos del denominado “giro posthumanista” para la filosofía de la técnica, con especial referencia al problema del estatuto ontológico de los artefactos. En primer término se reconstruye el significado y los alcances del giro posthumanista en ciencias sociales y humanas al tiempo que se muestra en qué sentido dicho giro pone en cuestión una serie de conceptos operativos tradicionales para la filosofía. En segundo lugar, este artículo propone admitir una versión “débil” de posthumanismo para la filosofía de la técnica. En este sentido se señalan dos líneas de investigación que abren el juego a este enfoque “débil”. La primera de ellas consiste en la exploración de los aspectos inmanentes de los objetos técnicos. La segunda nos compromete a introducir la categoría de “hibridación” a fin de dar cuenta de las complejas y multidimensionales relaciones entre humanos y ambientes.
La función ideológica del transhumanismo y algunos de sus presupuestos
Authors: Diéguez Antonio
Published: October 2020

Debemos aprovechar sin duda los beneficios que traen las nuevas tecnologías, y debemos aplicarlas al propio ser humano en la medida en que una reflexión prolongada y serena nos diga que esa aplicación proporciona mejoras en un sentido pleno. Pero eso no implica que debamos aceptar el discurso ideológico del transhumanismo. Este discurso debe buena parte de su poder de convicción a ciertos presupuestos filosóficos que no han sido suficientemente explicitados y discutidos. El presente trabajo pretende poner de relieve algunos de ellos.
Posthumanismo, inmortalidad y naturaleza humana
Authors: Galparsoro José Ignacio
Published: October 2020

El posthumanismo radical de Kurzweil tiene como objetivo alcanzar la inmortalidad. Fukuyama y Habermas critican el posthumanismo defendiendo la idea de una naturaleza humana inalterable. Pinker, por su parte, considera que existe una naturaleza humana, pero susceptible de modificaciones. Hay un límite en la naturaleza humana y este se encuentra (según Wolff y Braidotti) en la naturaleza mortal de cada uno de los miembros de la especie humana. Sloterdijk introducirá una matización e insistirá en el carácter natalicio de los actos creadores del hombre, situándose en continuidad con el concepto nietzscheano de superhombre.
La naturaleza anfibia de la energeia. Notas sobre las nociones de “acto” y “potencia” en Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Prosperi Germán
Published: October 2020

En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar que la teoría de la potencia desarrollada por Giorgio Agamben adolece de una insuficiencia fundamental. Si bien el filósofo italiano ha señalado la condición anfibológica de la potencia (potencia-de y a la vez potenciade- no), no ha extendido su análisis al acto y, en consecuencia, no ha sido capaz de detectar la condición también anfibológica del mismo. Mostraremos que este descuido es la raíz común de la que se desprenden varios de los problemas (ontológicos, políticos, estéticos, éticos, etc.) del pensamiento agambeniano.
Асимптотически точная двусторонняя оценка областей однолистности голоморфных отображений круга в себя с инвариантным диаметром
Authors: Kudryavtseva Olga Sergeevna , Solodov Aleksei Petrovich
Published: October 2020

Изучаются голоморфные отображения единичного круга в себя с двумя диаметрально противоположными граничными неподвижными точками и инвариантным диаметром. Получены асимптотически точные двусторонние оценки областей однолистности на классах таких функций в зависимости от значения произведения угловых производных в граничных неподвижных точках.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Обобщения пространства непрерывных функций; теоремы вложения
Authors: Gushchin Anatolii Konstantinovich
Published: October 2020

Работа посвящена развитию аппарата $s$-мерно непрерывных функций, необходимого для применения в задаче Дирихле для эллиптического уравнения. Это обобщение пространства непрерывных функций позволило расширить понятия классического и обобщенного решений задачи Дирихле. Изучается связь этих пространств $s$-мерно непрерывных функций с другими известными функциональными пространствами. Это исследование потребовало нового (как нам кажется, более удачного и близкого к классическому) построения $s$-мерно непрерывных функций, которое в свою очередь привело к получению новых свойств этих пространств. В работе доказаны теоремы вложения пространства $C_{s,p}(\overline Q)$ в $C_{s',p'}(\overline Q)$ с $s'>s$ и $p'>p$, в частности в $ L_q(Q)$. Ранее было установлено вложение $W^1_2(Q)$ в $C_{n-1,2}(\overline Q)$, которое обеспечивает $(n-1)$-мерную непрерывность обобщенных решений; в настоящей работе доказано более общее вложение $W^1_r(Q)$ в $C_{s,p}(\overline Q)$ и подтверждена точность показателей в этих вложениях.
Библиография: 33 названия.
Učenje na delu
Authors: Ličen Nives , Makovec Danijela , Mikulec Borut
Published: October 2020

Učenje in izobraževanje odraslih v povezavi z delom je predmet obsežnega teoretskega in empiričnega raziskovanja. Raziskovalci proučujejo znanje, spretnosti, kompetence, stališča, vrednote, emocionalne in socialne veščine, praktične modrosti na delu in tudi duhovnost na delu ter etičnost, zanimajo jih strategije učenja in različne ciljne skupine, karierni prehodi in koncepti, kot so delovalnost (ang. agency), odprta inovativnost, trajnostnost, dolgotrajna zaposljivost (Alessandrini, 2018).

V tokratni tematski številki Andragoških spoznanj, ki zajema pet člankov, avtorice in avtorji razmišljajo o izzivih učenja in dela z različnih teoretskih zornih kotov in z uporabo različnih raziskovalnih pristopov.
Leadership flaws in 2 Samuel 11: lessons for African leaders
Authors: Ndubuwa Ohaeri Nnaemeka
Published: October 2020

Flaws in leadership are as old as man but in contrast to Divine purpose for humanity. The good intention of the Creator was for human Beings to lead and enjoy all creatures on earth, but human deviation from Divine instruction flawed that leadership mandate and ushered suffering to human race. Similarly, the high rate of moral decadence, insecurity, insurgency, poverty, and political instability in Africa have recently gained global attention and shock, considering the wealth of human and natural resources endowed. Scholars had blamed African leaders for underdevelopment due to corruption whereas inadequate effort had been exacted on theological lessons from the Old Testament to salvage Africa from the menace. This paper employed a historical-critical method to examine the leadership flaws in 2 Samuel 11, and apply same to African context, with the aim of elucidating the causes and effects of leadership failures in governance. The paper discovered that leadership flaws are not spontaneous but evolve from untamed sporadic dispositions of inward indiscipline that manifest in form of lust, hypocrisy, conspiracy, assassination, promiscuity, hubris, cupidity and other social vices. The attitude of African leaders, in recent times, have hampered the democratic process in governance thereby giving room to ethnic divisions, imposition pattern of leadership selection process, inequitable resource control, economic backwardness and mediocrity in education amongst others. This paper therefore recommended self-discipline, fear of God, dialogue, equitable resource control, religious reproof, empathy, checks and balances for the minimization of leadership fallibilities and maximization of good governance in African Society.

Keywords: Leadership, Flaws, Africa, Lessons
Monoculturalism in Nigeria: A study of a giant economy that lacks leadership, 1957-2019
Authors: Agajelu Abuoma C. , Orizu Oluchukwu N.
Published: October 2020

Sustainable industrialisation has practically evaded Nigeria, the efforts towards that direction notwithstanding. There are obvious policies and programmes designed to encourage industrial-based economy in the country. Of course, if achieved, industrialisation would ensure diversification and the country could save itself from the stranglehold of economic monoculturism. Nonetheless, “oil money” appears to be a cog in the wheel of progress in that direction (in essence, the direction of economic diversification). Basically, a country would not be able to achieve industrialisation and economic diversification when the state craft is repeatedly piloted by leaders with monocultural mentality. A lot of literature may exist on the failures and inadequacies of Nigerian leaders as the cause of the country’s economic backwardness. Nonetheless, it appears that the searchlight has not been adequately beamed on the monocultural attitude and mentality of those who constitute the leaders over the years. As would be shown in this paper, the monocultural attitude of the leaders has a ripple effect on the economic milieu of the country. Considering this gap, this paper employs the eclectic method of analysis to examine the leadership factors which have been militating against economic policy implementation in a rather promising economy. The paper explicates the nature of Nigerian economy, showing its potentials and investigating on the factors impeding the identified potentials
Maternal mortality in Switzerland 2005–2014
Authors: Perotto Laura , Zimmermann Roland , Quack Lötscher Katharina C.
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION
Maternal mortality is an important indicator for quality control in obstetrics. To improve clinical care, maternal mortality should be assessed periodically. In this study, we analysed maternal mortality cases between 2005 and 2014 in Switzerland and compared them with those in earlier periods.

METHODS
The Federal Statistical Office (FSO) provided all death certificates between 2005 and 2014 with an ICD-10 code in the obstetric field (indicated with the letter O). Additionally, we included all death certificates that gave a positive answer about pregnancy or birth within the last 42 days. We also included cases where death occurred within 365 days after delivery. For an analysis of underreporting, cases from the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IRM), Zurich, were included. The cases were classified according to ICD-10 as “direct”, “indirect”, “non-pregnancy-related”, and “late” deaths. The direct maternal mortality rate (MMR), and indirect and combined MMRs were calculated.

RESULTS
We received 117 cases from the FSO, and one additional case was found in the archives of the IRM. Ninety-six cases were eligible for detailed evaluation. As 787,025 live births were recorded between 2005 and 2014 in Switzerland, the direct MMR was 3.30/100,000 live births (26 cases). It has decreased by 20.5% compared with the MMR in 1995–2004 (4.15/100,000 live births, 32 cases; p = n.s.) and by 40.4% compared with the MMR in 1985–1994 (5.54/100,000 live births, 45 cases; odds ratio [OR] 0.6, p = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.97). The leading cause for direct maternal mortality in the current study period was haemorrhage (nine cases), followed by amniotic fluid embolisms and preeclampsia (five cases each). The indirect MMR was 3.68/100,000 live births. In this group, 13 women committed suicide and 8 women died of complications of pre-existing cardiac pathologies. Suicide was the leading cause of maternal deaths, had suicides been classified as direct obstetric cases. The combined MMR (direct and indirect) was 6.61/100,000 live births (52 cases) (OR 4.8–8.4). Of 41 non-pregnancy-related cases, almost half (20 cases) died of cancer within the first year after delivery. Lethality after caesarean section was 0.008‰ (2/231,385).

CONCLUSIONS
The trend of reducing direct maternal mortality as well as lethality after caesarean section continues. Haemorrhage is still the leading cause of direct maternal mortality; the rate is similar to what it was in the early 1990s. Indirect maternal mortality is increasing and specifically suicides need special attention. Precise documentation of all maternal deaths is essential to improve outcomes for future mothers.
Flattening the curve in 52 days: characterisation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Principality of Liechtenstein – an observational study
Authors: Thiel Sarah L. , Weber Myriam C. , Risch Lorenz , Wohlwend Nadia , Lung Thomas , Hillmann Dorothea , Ritzler Michael , Risch Martin , Kohler Philipp , Vernazza Pietro , Kahlert Christian R , Fleisch Felix , Cusini Alexia , Karajan Tomas V. , Copeland Sandra , Paprotny Matthias
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND
The principality of Liechtenstein had its first COVID-19 case at the beginning of March 2020. After exponential growth, the pandemic’s first wave was contained, with the last case being diagnosed 52 days after the initial occurrence.

AIM
To characterise the COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein.

METHODS
All patients diagnosed in Liechtenstein were followed up until recovery and again 6–8 weeks after symptom onset. They were contacted every 2 days to record their clinical status until the resolution of their symptoms. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on clinical symptoms and molecular testing. Household and close workplace contacts were included in the follow-up, which also comprised antibody testing. In addition, public health measures installed during the pandemic in Liechtenstein are summarised.

RESULTS
During the first wave, 5% of the population obtained a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test. A total of 95 patients (median age 39 years) were diagnosed with COVID-19 (82 who resided in Liechtenstein), resulting in an incidence in Liechtenstein of 0.211%. One patient, aged 94, died (mortality rate 1%). Only 62% of patients could retrospectively identify a potential source of infection. Testing the patients’ household and close workplace contacts (n = 170) with antibody tests revealed that 25% of those tested were additional COVID-19 cases, a quarter of whom were asymptomatic. Those households which adhered to strict isolation measures had a significantly lower rate of affected household members than those who didn’t follow such measures. The national public health measures never restricted free movement of residents. Masks were only mandatory in healthcare settings. The use of home working for the general workforce was promoted. Gatherings were prohibited. Schools, universities, certain public spaces (like sports facilities and playgrounds), childcare facilities, nonessential shops, restaurants and bars were closed. Social distancing, hygienic measures, solidarity and supporting individuals who were at risk were the main pillars of the public health campaigns.

CONCLUSION
The close collaboration of all relevant stakeholders allowed for the complete workup of all COVID-19 patients nationwide. A multitude of factors (e.g., young age of the patients, low-threshold access to testing, close monitoring of cases, high alertness and adherence to public health measures by the population) led to the early containment of the first wave of the pandemic, with a very low rate of serious outcomes. Antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 revealed a substantial proportion of undiagnosed COVID-19 cases among close contacts of the patients.
Sison amomum L. (Apiaceae), a new species in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Maslo Semir , Šarić Šemso , Sarajlić Nermina
Published: October 2020

Sison amomum L. (Apiaceae) was recorded for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina during a fieldwork in the vicinity of the city of Tuzla (northeast Bosnia) in September 2019. This study reports the newly discovered localities and presents a short morphological description of the species.
Uzun Kısa Dönem Bellek Ağlarını Kullanarak Erken Aşama Diyabet Tahmini
Authors: ÖZER İlyas
Published: October 2020

Diyabet coğrafi ırksal veya etnik bağlamdan bağımsız, günümüzün en büyük sağlık problemlerinden bir tanesidir. Son yıllarda diyabetli insan sayısı müthiş bir artış kaydetmiştir. Diyabet hastalığının geç tespit edilmesi durumunda kişilerde böbrek rahatsızlıkları, kardiyak rahatsızlıklar, görme bozuklukları ve ampütasyon gibi çok ciddi komplikasyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Ayrıca bu durum sağlık sistemi üzerine hatırı sayılır bir ekonomik yük getirmektedir. Öte yandan diyabet, genellikle klinik olarak tespitinden 7-12 yıl öncesine kadar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada diyabetin erken dönemde tespiti için uzun kısa dönem bellek (LSTM - Long Short-Term Memory) ağı tabanlı bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Önerilen yaklaşım, 520 hastadan elde edilmiş yaş, cinsiyet ve 14 farklı semptom verisi olmak üzere toplam 16 öznitelikten oluşan bir veri kümesi üzerinde 10-kat çapraz doğrulama ile test edilmiştir. LSTM ağları birbirleri arasında zamansal bağımlılığı olan dizi şeklindeki veriler için geliştirilmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte burada kullanılan verilerin zamansal bağımlılığı olmamasına rağmen, veri kümesinin sabit vektörlerinin sıralı bir şekilde işlenmesinin performansı artırdığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak aynı veri kümesi üzerinde gerçekleştirilen tahmin çalışmalarına kıyasla F1 skorunda 1.5%’lik bir iyileşme sağlamıştır. 10-kat çapraz doğrulama sonucunda ortalama olarak 98.9%’luk bir F1 skoru elde edilmiştir.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TRAJETO DA PRÁTICA SEM PRESENÇA FÍSICA EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO
Authors: Ciccioli Virginia , Sgreccia Natalia Fátima , Mengarelli María Sol
Published: October 2020

El presente estudio tiene como propósito indagar acerca de cómo se gestionaron los espacios de Práctica Profesional Docente en los Profesorados Universitarios en Matemática en Argentina y, particularmente, cómo se están implementando las instancias de trabajo en terreno en el contexto de virtualidad en el que se están desarrollando los distintos niveles del Sistema Educativo Argentino a partir del marco coyuntural impuesto por la pandemia. Se administra un cuestionario abierto, dispuesto en formulario Google y distribuido a través de correo electrónico, a representantes de los Profesorados Universitarios en Matemática de Argentina del que se registra un total de 19 respuestas que representan casi las dos terceras partes del total. En las respuestas se refleja diversidad de visiones ante la posibilidad de adaptar las prácticas en terreno a la virtualidad. Las mismas traslucen concepciones sobre la formación práctica que revelan, aunque no en todos los casos, la posibilidad de generar, incluso en un contexto de incertidumbre, una oportunidad única para la generación de nuevos conocimientos en la acción.
Rethinking Overseas Production: The Case of COVID-19‎ and Negative Externality
Authors: Bazel-Shoham Ofra , Shoham Amir
Published: October 2020

Based on the negative externality argument, we illustrate that international production is a suboptimal solution from the societal perspective of a multinational company’s home country, because moving production abroad can lead to insufficient production in the home country, and excess production abroad. The suboptimal outcome increases with the essentiality of the product. The present argument and results are relevant to policymakers and managers of multinationals, in addition to being useful in the classroom as an additional perspective that shows the complexity of international trade and international production locations.
On the historical experience of preserving the territorial integrity of the state by criminal law means
Authors:   All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Naumov A.V.
Published: October 2020

The article examines the historical experience of preserving the territorial integrity of the state through the adoption of criminal laws. This is done using the example of two such attempts in the history of the Russian state (by the Provisional Government after the February Revolution of 1917 and during Gorbachev’s perestroika in connection with the decision of the union republics of the Baltic states to gain state independence). In both cases legislators passed strict criminal laws, which, however, proved unable to prevent violation of the territorial integrity of the state. For example, under the Provisional Government criminal liability was increased for violent encroachments on changing the existing state system in Russia or “to tear away any part of it from Russia” (the perpetrators were even subjected to life or urgent hard labor). The second experience, also unsuccessful, dates back to the spring of 1990, when the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) declared their state independence. The extraordinary Third Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR immediately reacted to this, recognizing these decisions as invalid as contrary to the Constitution of the USSR. The all-Union power, recorded in the decisions of the congresses of people’s deputies, almost openly announced to the republics that their withdrawal from the USSR was impossible and they had nothing to hope for in this sense. So, in an interview for Soviet and French television in November 1990, the President of the USSR, recognizing that the Constitution of the USSR provides for the right to self-determination up to the secession of a republic and referring to the existence of a special mechanism for this exit, at the same time said that he had come to the conclusion, the country cannot be divided. The outcome of this legislative “fight” is known and dates back to December 1991. What should a legislator learn from these historical lessons? Most importantly: he must firmly grasp that there are certain limits to the possibilities of criminal law to achieve political and socio-economic goals.
A qualitative study of the selflegitimacy of prison workers in Slovenian prisons
Authors:   University of Maribor, Meshko G. , Hazin R. ,   University of Maribor, Shishigina S.N. ,   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
Published: October 2020

The article is based on the results of the research project “Legitimacy of policing, criminal justice and execution of penal sanctions”, carried out in 2013–2016 with financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency. In recent years researchers on self-legitimacy in the prison environment have addressed the issue of prison officials’ perception of self-legitimacy and recognized the need for an in-depth study. The aim of the study was to study the self-legitimacy of prison officials in the context of the Slovenian prison environment. The first part of the article introduces the concept of self-legitimacy of prison staff, examines the theoretical aspects of the dual nature of legitimacy, as well as the features of self-legitimacy in the prison environment. However prison staff includes both prison officials and specialized staff. The second part of the article presents the results of a qualitative study of the self-legitimacy of prison workers and gives its detailed characteristics. Analysis of responses from prison officials and specialist staff focused on issues of legitimacy, relationships with colleagues, leaders, prisoners, and the stress and subculture of prison staff. The results of the study showed that the relationship between staff and prisoners plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining order in the prison environment and the selflegitimacy of prison staff is the basis of their successful interaction with prisoners.
Improving the efficiency of prosecutorial supervision for the legality of the criminal procedural activities of the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia during the preliminary investigation
Authors:   Voronezh Prosecutor’s Office, Kunitsin S.N.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the features of the criminal procedural activities of the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia during the preliminary investigation. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the latter is truncated and consists of two components: the initiation of a criminal case for the production of urgent investigative actions and the execution of orders to carry out certain investigative actions. The specificity of the criminal procedural activity of this subject of the prosecution determines the peculiarities of the prosecutor’s supervision over the legality of its implementation. The current legislation actually excluded the prosecutor from the mechanism for initiating a criminal case and conducting urgent investigative actions, which reduces the effectiveness of prosecutorial supervision in this area and reduces the level of legality. Also, there is no effective mechanism for prosecutorial supervision over the legality of the execution of orders by officials of institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia to conduct certain investigative actions. By analyzing the provisions of the legislation, it is concluded that there are shortcomings in the legal regulation of the procedure for exercising prosecutorial supervision over the legality of the criminal procedural activities of the institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia during the preliminary investigation at the level of both criminal procedure law and departmental regulation. In order to eliminate the noted shortcomings, appropriate amendments to the legislation are proposed.
Specifics of using the Internet in the investigation of extremist crimes
Authors:   Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Gerasimenko N.I.
Published: October 2020

A fairly large number of criminal acts can be attributed to crimes of an extremist nature, but not all of them can be committed via the Internet. This type of crime has a number of characteristic features that must be established at the initial and subsequent stages of the investigation: 1) the situation in which the crimes were committed, including place and time. A feature of the place is the possibility of committing a crime by a person located anywhere in the world where there is Internet access. The specifics of time include the fact that a crime can be committed for a long time – from the moment extremist information is posted on the network until it is blocked; 2) the methods of committing the considered category of crimes, the features of which are the placement of information containing elements of an extremist nature (texts, pictures, posts, songs, etc.), as well as great opportunities for concealing the crime. In addition to encrypting files, it is possible to quickly delete them from information carriers. Given these circumstances, the priority is the immediate recording of information with an extremist orientation contained in electronic media, and the identification of the persons who posted it. At the same time the key points in the investigation should be the examination of the Internet resource with the obligatory indication of the email address, name, information about feedback, contacts, as well as the appointment of computer and linguistic expertise.
UNDERSTANDING HARMONY
Authors: Tkachev Valentin N. , Sarvut Tatiana O.
Published: October 2020

The orientation of modern science towards the identification of universal ties of “everything with everything else” involves considering harmony as an indicator of the level of perfection in nature and man-made works. As a universal tool of analysis, harmony tests the success of transformations aimed at achieving the unity and integrity of the systems that make up the macrocosm in the process of evolution in all its manifestations - from grandiose events in the universe to the metamorphosis of a butterfly.

One such system is architecture whose genesis implements the general cosmic laws governing the cyclicity of incoming and descending processes of morphogenesis, fully reflected in the historical dynamics of this branch of human activity.

The article attempts to highlight, from new perspectives, the processes of birth, flourishing and fading of architectural history cycles.

This is the first part of the article containing information on the emergence and application of the notion of harmony to ascending currents in the existence of architecture as a system.
THE TRAM AS A SPECIFIC OBJECT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DESIGN
Authors: Kurochkin Valery A. , Bystrov Valery G. , Bystrova Elena A.
Published: October 2020

Recently, designers and manufacturers have developed interest in the tram as a key element of urban public transport considering its eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Ekaterinburg has a wide network of tram lines but the fleet of trams is old and does not meet modern requirements for public transport. In 2019, the administration of the city came up with a call to develop a convenient electric public transport vehicle. This challenge requires a new systemic approach to tram design in which the defining role belongs to its engineering and infrastructural characteristics.
INTERACTIVITY OF MODERN COMMUNICATIVE GRAPHIC DESIGN PRODUCTS
Authors: Gabrielyan Tigran O.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses various types of interactivity in the context of communicative design. Its emergence in the mid-20th century and modern interpretation as a media communicator are considered. The division into printed and electronic (analog and digital) media communications is emphasized. Principal attention is paid to material (printed and graphic) design products: toy books, packaging, posters, and illustrations.

In general form, interactivity is understood as interaction (action of cooperation) between the individual and the design product. Linear interactivity, reactive interactivity and dialogue interactivity are analyzed. Linear interactivity is regarded as metaphysical interaction between the consumer and the design product. Reactive interactivity allows the consumer to bring to completion the design program as conceived by the author and obtain a finished design product. Dialogue interactivity cannot be implemented in a material design product without its integration with digital algorithmic or intelligent systems.
THE ROLE OF TYPOGRAPHICS IN THE DESIGN OF AN EXHIBITION SPACE. INTERACTION SCHEMES
Authors: Kuznetsova Evgenia Yu.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the evolution of the role of typographics in the exhibition space from the generally accepted design of labels to the use of typography as the main artistic tool that demonstrates the conceptual intent of the exhibition. A significant amount of visual material was reviewed. Based on this review, graphic schemes of interaction between typography and exposition space were developed. The schemes show the dependence of the typography on the object being displayed and the focus of the exhibition.