bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Effect of Oil-Contaminated Soil on Seed Germination
Authors: Xie Fu Ju , Chen Pu , Mao Li Hua
Published: December 2013

The effects of oil-contaminated soil on plant growth are the focus study area all over the world. In this paper, two kinds of local plant seeds germination and seedlings growth in oil-contaminated soil were studied by germination experiment. Five different oil concentration gradients (0g/kg, 0.2g/kg, 5g/kg, 20g/kg, 40g/kg) were set up in this experiment, and the seed germination rates and bud length of wheat and rice cultivated in thermostat were observed and recorded. The results showed that crude oil took negative effects on wheat seed germination and germinability. With the oil concentration increasing, the germination rate of wheat seed and germinability decreased respectively. Crude oil impacted the seeding growth obviously, even under low oil concentration (20g/kg). Seedling growth almost stopped under high oil concentration such as 40 g/kg. Crude oil promoted germination and germinability of rice seed. The germination rates and germinabilities of three Oil concentrations (0.2 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg) were all higher than that in pure soil, further, the higher the oil concentration was, the germination rates and germinabilities were higher. Oil also accelerated the rice seedling growth under three different concentrations.
Dynamics on the Interactions between Vegetable Growth and Water Erosion
Authors: Feng Biao , Zhang Huang Yong , Huang Tou Sheng , Zhang Fei Fan
Published: December 2013

This research investigates the interaction between vegetation growth and water erosion by a new dynamic model. According to the theoretical and numerical analysis of the research, there are three cases of equilibrium distribution and their dynamics over time. And the dynamics between vegetation and erosion is disparate under the condition of different parameters. Every equilibrium point also has a unique distribution under every set of parameters. When there are two interior equilibriums, a critical curve exists and divides the system into two areas, one is coexistence area and another is dominated by vegetation or erosion.
Leaf Water Potential and Root Distribution of the Main Afforestation Tree Species in Horqin Sandy Land, China
Authors: Zhang Na , Jiang De Ming , Alamusa Alamusa , Li Xue Hua , Zhou Quan Lai , Oshid Toshio
Published: December 2013

An experiment was conducted to study the physiological and ecological characteristics of the main sand-fixing tree species in Horqin sandy land in order to explore the adaptabilities of tree species to semi-arid environment. The leaf water potential (LWP) and root distribution of ten sand-fixing tree species were measured and compared, and the preferred species were chosen for restoring degraded sand dunes in Horqin sandy land. These results are useful for evaluating the ability of the drought resistance of these species, and have some important implications for establishing artificial plantations that have high stability.
The Analysis of Plants Species Based on Soil Properties at Test Plot
Authors: Huang Lin Gen , Wang Xiao Hong , Shen Zhao Wei , Zhang Xun , Zhang Li Ping
Published: December 2013

Soil sampling was carried out on the experimental plot, and comprehensive analysis of characteristics of soil nutrient and physical and chemical environment based on the soil and water conservation monitoring site topography and vegetation etc., on the basis of present situation investigation. The plant selection analysis of different experiment plot was carried out combined with experiment village construction planning, and the plants by nature, on the basis of the different soil and water conservation monitoring sites have in common in Zhejiang province. Targeted put forward of the construction of the proposed plant and soil improvement measures, for each monitoring site experiment plot of provide the scientific basis for the establishment of soil and water conservation measures.
Concentration and Distribution of Metal Elements in Soils near a Upstream of the Pearl River, China
Authors: Yang Si Lin , Zhou De Qun
Published: December 2013

The concentration and distribution of metal (Mg, K, Ca and Na) elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were investigated in upstream of the Pearl River, China. The result showed that total Mg, K, Ca and Na concentrations in agricultural soils were higher than those in non-agricultural soils, indicating that agricultural input, such as water irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide application, may have led to the accumulation of Mg, K, Ca and Na in agricultural soils. Total concentrations of the metal elements in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were compared with the background values of Yunnan soil, the result showed Mg, K and Na were lower in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils in the study area, while Ca was relatively higher, which were possibly due to Karsts geographic environment in the study area.
Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum Supplementation Prevents Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Apoptosis in Mice Liver
Authors: Yu Rong , Ma Shan , Wu Hao
Published: December 2013

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLP) supplementation on exhaustive exercise-induced apoptosis in mice liver. The mice were randomly divided into four groups of ten per group. One of the groups was the control group, the others were GLP treated groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). Exhaustive swimming exercise of mice were carried out after 28 days of GLP administration, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the liver tissues were determined. The data showed that GLP supplementation was able to up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, down-regulate the expression of Bax proteins. The results suggest that GLP supplementation prevents exhaustive exercise-induced apoptosis.
Impacts of Maize Straw Additive on Soil Water Evaporation with Sandy Loam in the Region of Jingtai, Gansu Province
Authors: Zheng Jian , Wang Yan , Ren Qian Hui , Wan Ji Xiang
Published: December 2013

Through laboratory experiments, the effects of adding different maize straw addictive and proportions in soil on the moisture evaporation characteristics were studied under the condition of different burial depth. Results showed that the relationship between soil moisture diffusivity and soil water content can nice described by an exponential function. Under the same soil water suction, soil water content of treatments with maize straw additive are all higher than pure soil. Between the treatments of soil with 3% maize cob and maize leaf, maize leaf treatment has a better water retention effect, but the difference is little in the treatments with 1% maize straw additive; maize leaf is superior to maize cob in the capacity of inhibiting soil water evaporation, and the treatment with 3% maize leaf in the depth of 0-5 centimeter soil layer can reduce soil moisture evaporation effectively. Keywords: maize straw addictive, soil water diffusivity, buried depth, accumulative soil water evaporation, soil water content
Acute Toxicities of Penta-BDE in TiO2 Nanoparticle Suspensions to Daphnia magna
Authors: Tian Sheng Yan , Gao Yi Nan , Song Chun Zheng
Published: December 2013

The ecotoxicity of penta-BDE in nanosized TiO2 (nTiO2) water suspensions was examined using a method developed based on the standard OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals ( i . e . OECD 202). The water flea (Daphnia magna) were used as the testing organisms. The results showed that penta-BDE alone has no acute toxicities to the testing organisms, but exhibited acute toxicities in nTiO2 water suspensions. The 72 h NOEC of penta-BDE with 1 mg L-1 nTiO2 to D. magna was calculated as less than 0.1 μg L-1 , and the 72 h EC50 and LC50 are 50.2 μg L-1 (95% CI: 0.872.45) and 100.2 μg L-1(95% CI: 1.222.86), respectively. The toxicity results indicate that nanoparticles might pose potential environmental impact through increasing toxicities of organic pollutants. Further research on the joint ecotoxicity of nanoparticles and organic pollutants is warranted in order to minimize the adverse ecological effects and human health risk of nanotechnology development.
Preliminary Study on the Detection and Analysis of Soil Properties
Authors: Wang Yu Qiang
Published: December 2013

With the rapid development of social economy and agricultural modernization, in the process of land utilization should not only the pursuit of high efficiency, more to the protection of land resources, by means of detection and Analysis on soil characteristics, understand the soil in theexploitation and protection of restricting factors in the process, and puts forward the corresponding proposal and according to relevant personageopinion, for reference.
The Soil Labile Organic Carbon Fractions at the Different Ages of Tea in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Xie Wen Hao , Jia Guo Mei , Chen Fang Qing
Published: December 2013

Soil total organic carbon (TOC), readily oxidizable C (ROC), and microbial biomass C (MBC) were determined at the different ages of tea in Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The results showed that soil TOC and ROC in the 0-20cm decreased gradually with age of tea garden, whereas MBC had no significant difference among sites. OC, ROC, and MBC decreased readily with depth. Soil total organic C only showed a significantly positive relationship with readily oxidizable C. The age of tea showed a significantly negative relationship with TOC and ROC.
The Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and its Environmental Significance of Garden and Cultivated Land in Xuchang City
Authors: Yuan Sheng Yuan
Published: December 2013

Magnetic Susceptibility values of garden soil, agriculture ecosystem park soil and soil in urban-rural ecological transition zone in Xuchang city are smaller than 100×10-8 m3/kg, and the frequency magnetic susceptibility values are more than 3%, such is different from soils influenced by industrial. That above three kinds of soils with slight pollution are effected by different land uses show soil magnetic Susceptibility is a powerful indicator of soil pollution. The result of soil magnetic Susceptibility is higher shows that he pollution threats exist in agriculture ecosystem parks in villages and towns around the city.
Study on the Problems and Control Measures of Geological Environment in the Qianbaoling Mining Area
Authors: Xu Xiao Lu , Shen Nai Qi , Yang Guang , Xiong Zong Xi , Qin Xiao Rui
Published: December 2013

Iron ore resources are rich in Qianbaoling region. Long-term iron ore mining has brought huge economic benefits to the region, but also generated a lot of geological environment problems including destruction of land and water resources, hidden trouble of geological disaster and destruction of ecological landscape. This paper analyzes the characteristics and harms of the geological environment problems in the mining area, and presents a comprehensive treatment program, where engineering methods such as cutting slopes, building retaining walls, building drains and leveling land are combined with biological methods like planting grass and trees. Through the implementation of mining environmental treatment project, the hazards caused by mine geological environment problems will be minimized, the ecological environment will be improved gradually, and the local agricultural economics will be developed.
The Evaluation Method of Important Cultivated Land Protecting and Planning
Authors: Qian Feng Kui , Wang Qiu Bing
Published: December 2013

To planning and protecting an fixed quality and quantity of important cultivated land is a significant method of guarantee food security, society stability and economic development. The research puts forward that important cultivated land refer to high-quality, sectors-connecting, permanent, stable of cultivated land by analysis of the connotation, the existing problems and rooted reasons are analyzed, which are due to the deficient method of important cultivated land planning. On this basis, the research constructs the evaluating system of cultivated land quality and site conditions referring to American LESA system idea, which guarantee good quality and coordinated site conditions and permanent stability of important cultivated land protection and planning.
Application of Differential SAR Interferometry in Mining Subsidence Monitoring
Authors: Xia Wen Hai , Li Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2013

Differential synthetic aperture radar Interferometry has been widely applied to monitor mining subsidence for its high spatial resolution, competent accuracy and wide coverage. In this paper, we introduce the principles of InSAR, discuss several key technical issues in mining subsidence monitoring, including selection of SAR images, advanced algorithms for phase unwrapping and Persistent Scatterer InSAR technique.
Karst Urban Land Use/Cover Change Research - In Guiyang City as an Example
Authors: Zhang Feng Tai , Zhang Jun Yi , Shao Ji Xin
Published: December 2013

The urban land use and cover change (LUCC) through the biogeochemical cycle process affecting the city ecological environment, urban district LUCC is the key areas of LUCC research. Guiyang city is the typical karst plateau city of China and even the world, Karst natural background has vulnerability. So under the GIS support ,this article analysis land use/cover change dynamic of the Guiyang city from1990 to 2010, the results show that: (1) Guiyang city construction land area increased by 3.56 times in a short span of 20 years from 57km2 in 1990 to 204 km2 in 2010, urban area times; (2) A large number of woodlands occupied by city urban construction, nearly 20 years takes up the forest land area of 75.8 km2, accounting for 51.56% of the nearly 20 years of new urban construction area;
Study of Tailings Ponds Environmental Impact Region in Chengui Town, Daye Based on Watershed Analysis
Authors: Ding Lei , Fang Xue Juan , Cheng Sheng Gao , Zeng Ke Feng , Liu Chao
Published: December 2013

Tailings pond is an important part of mine security operation, meanwhile its also a potential and serious hazard source. Determining the environmental impact region of tailings pond scientifically and veritably is of great significance to improve tailings ponds environmental monitoring and emergency management capability Using Chengui Town in Daye, Hubei as study area and WorldView-2 RS image as source data, the paper built the tailings ponds interpretation marks and extracted 76 tailings ponds information. With the watershed analysis method, the paper further used Daye DEM data to simulate water contour information, extract hierarchical river network and catchment watershed, then marked off the tailings ponds environmental impact area, which covered acreage was 59.96 square kilometers and accounted for about 37 percent of Chengui Towns land area. The paper concluded that the tailings ponds brought immense threat to the watersheds eco-environment and the residents safety. The study will provide a reference for relevant departments to strengthen environmental regulation and risk assessment of tailings ponds.
Aglet-Based Information of City Environment Collection System
Authors: Zhang Ze Liang , Song Shao Cheng
Published: December 2013

The article mainly discusses the problems of Aglet technology to environment of the city information system. The collection system is designed on the basis of the platform of Aglet development. The structure of it is properly designed, and the function of it is perfect. We can use Aglet-Based City Environment Information Collection System easily. It can store and collect large amounts of environment information efficiently and accurately. It can also achieve the unification of the different data formats. It handles mainly the problems which are related to the collection of all kinds of complicated data.
Remote Sense Image Classification Based on CART Algorithm
Authors: Yang Bao Hua , Li Shuang
Published: December 2013

This papers deals with the study of the algorithm of classification method based on decision tree for remote sensing image. The experimental area is located in the Xiangyang district, the data source for the 2010 satellite images of SPOT and TM fusion. Moreover, classification method based on decision tree is optimized with the help of the module of RuleGen and applied in regional remote sensing image of interest. The precision of Maximum likelihood ratio is 95.15 percent, and 94.82 percent for CRAT. Experimental results show that the classification method based on classification and regression tree method is as well as the traditional one.
Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Flour and Hull Extracts from Different Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars
Authors: Gong Xiao , Yu Hai Long , Qi Ning Li , Liu Yi Jun , Lin Li Jing , Huang Mao Fang
Published: December 2013

The content of rutin, quercetin, total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant properties in ethanol extract of flour and hull from 13 tartary buckwheat cultivars widely grown in China was investigated. HPLC showed that the content of rutin ranged from 7.33 to 440.43 in flour and from 5.18 to 168.7 mg/g DW in hull. Trace quercetin were detected in both flour and hull extracts of all cultivars and the values were determined as 0.74-275.90 and 0.77-15.65 mg/g DW, respectively. The contents of total phenol/flavonoid in the flour were significantly greater than that in hull, and their content varied between samples. The result showed that JQ, QW, and NP are potential candidates for developing of functional food.
Scale-Up Production of Bacillus Thuringiensis by Box-Type Solid-State Fermentation Equipment
Authors: Qiu Li Na , Zhang Wei Wei , Gong Ai Jun , Yao Ru Lei
Published: December 2013

The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which is considered as the most effective bio-pesticide is widely used in the world. There are mainly two modes for the production of this microbial pesticides: submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation. In this paper, The Scale-up of Kg-class Bt production was studied on wheat bran based media in the Box-type solid-state fermentation equipment made by our lab. The fermentation conditions were optimized and the result show that, Bt production yielded a significant increase in spore count and toxin content at the following conditions: actiactivation of culture for 8h, initial moisture content of solid substrate 55%, pH value 7.5, keeping the thick of inoculated media about 4cm and fermenting for 45 h, Maintaining the temperature within a range of 25-30°C, The bioassay efficacy of the product could be above 13000IU·mg-1, The production of Bt kilograms class by solid-state fermentation was successfully represented as well as providing a strong technical support to the large-scale industrial production of Bt bio-pesticide.
The Experiment Study of the Pollution of Phthalate Compounds and Heavy Metals to Rice in the Film
Authors: Xu Dan Dan , Liu De Shen
Published: December 2013

With the popularity of plastic mulching technology, the residual agricultural mulch bring more and more negative effect. They destroy the soil structure and harm crops, so effect the agricultural environment. By means of pot and field experiment for rice growth periods, this paper study the content of DBP and DEHP, Pb and Cd in the plants are differences in different film residues at 850 farm in Heilongjiang. Experimental results show that people detect DBP content in plant rice, but DEHP composition has not been detected. Rice seedling DBP content was lower than harvest stem DBP content was lower than grain content. Rice seedlings to Pb and Cd content ripe grains in plants are within the normal concentration; its content requirements are still in the plant growth referral levels. The use of plastic-film mulch is uneconomic under existing plastic film collecting technology in the long run. And come up with study direction in the future.
Different Patterns of Ionic Liquids-Regenerated Cellulose Carriers for Papain Immobilization
Authors: Yuan Ya Mei , Li Qiu Jin , Yao Song Kun , Gong Ji Xian , Zhang Jian Fei
Published: December 2013

Different patterns (beads, membranes and powders) of cellulose regenerated from room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) were prepared to immobilized papain molecules. It is found that regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes was the best pattern for papain loading and immobilization. Removing the supernatant of the solution containing free enzyme as well as RC carriers before immobilization without the addition of ethanol as the precipitant were benefit for increasing the activity of the immobilized papain. Papain could be immobilized successfully on the surface of RC carriers through SEM analysis.
Study on Flotation Separation of Trace Copper in Water Samples Using Microcrystalline Adsorption System Prior to the Determination by Spectrophotometry
Authors: Wen Xin Rong , Tu Chang Qing
Published: December 2013

The paper presents a novel method for the flotation separation of Cu2+ using microcrystalline adsorption system and the determination of trace Cu2+ in water samples by spectrophotometry. The effects of different parameters,such as the dosages of KI, ascorbic acid (AA) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB),various salts and acidity on the flotation yield of Cu2+ have been investigated. The possible flotation separation mechanism of Cu2+ was discussed.The results showed that under the optimum conditions, CTMAB cation (CTMAB+) reacted with I- to produce the microcrystalline matter (Ms-M) of (CTMAB+·I-), Cu2+ could be reduced to Cu+ by ascorbic acid,and then Cu+ reacted with I- to form the precipitation of CuI.The precipitation of CuI was quantificationally adsorbed on the surface of Ms-M of (CTMAB+·I-) and was floated above water phase. While Zn2+,Ni2+,Co2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ and Al3+ could not be floated.Therefore, Cu2+ was separated completely from the above metal ions. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace Cu2+ in various environmental water samples by spectrophotometry after flotation separation using microcrystalline adsorption system, and the results agreed well with those obtained by GFAAS method.The recoveries were 98.4%~106.8%, and the RSD was 1.1%~1.6%.
A Mini Review of Transformation and Biosorption of Pentachloronitrobenzene
Authors: Hu Xing Lan , Lv Ping , Wang Yan Guo
Published: December 2013

Pentachloronitrobenzene are applied widely to protect plants from disease, weeds and insect damage, and usually come into contact with soil, where they undergo a variety of transformations that provide a complex pattern of metabolites. This article reviews the most relevant biotransformation methods for Pentachloronitrobenzene and their transformation products. Some recent advances addressed in technologies of Abiotic Degradation for Pentachloronitrobenzene and their residues. We discuss and critically evaluate biotransformation procedures and motabolic pathway of Pentachloronitrobenzene recently. We also consider the advantages and the disadvantages of the various methodologies.
Hydrogenation of Model Compounds Catalyzed by MCM-41-Supported Nickel Phosphide
Authors: Xia Liang Yan , Xia Zhi Xiang , Tang Wei , Wang Hong Yan , Fang Meng Xiang
Published: December 2013

MCM-41 supported nickel phosphide (Ni2P/MCM-41) was prepared by temperature-programmed reduction of the corresponding phosphate. The catalyst activity for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrodearomatization (HDA), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. O-cresol HDO, 1-methylnaphthalene HDA, quinoline HDN, dibenzothiophene HDS and simultaneous HDO, HDA, HDN, HDS were respectively tested at different temperatures with constant pressure (6.0 MPa), liquid hourly space velocity (3.0 h-1), hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio (600:1). The results indicate that Ni2P /MCM-41 catalyst has great performance on HDO, HDA, HDN, HDS in single model compound reactions. O-cresol and DBT are almost completely transformed at 375°C, while 1-methylnaphthalene and quinoline reach the highest conversion at 300°C. In the simultaneous reactions, quinoline shows higher conversion by competitive adsorption on the catalyst hydrogenation sites, leading to conversion decrease of o-cresol, 1-methylnaphthalene and DBT.
Persistent Degradation of RhB Dyes on Ag3PO4 with the Assistance of SrAl2O4:(Eu,Dy)
Authors: Li Hui Hui , Ma Xin Long , Ke Shi Zu , Zhang Jia Chi , Wang Yu Hua
Published: December 2013

In this work, organic contaminants rhodamine B dyes in aqueous solution were decomposed by Ag3PO4 even without the lamp irradiation. This new photocatalytic system was established , in which Ag3PO4 could harvest persistent phosphorescence from SrAl2O4:(Eu,Dy). Such a self-luminescence-assisted process could enhance the performance of photocatalysts for environmental cleanup.
An Inexpensive, Stable and Highly Efficient Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Dyes in Water: Core-Shell Montmorillonite-TiO2 Colloids
Authors: Kang Shi Zhao , Wu Tan , Li Xiang Qing , Zhou Yi Lun , Mu Jin
Published: December 2013

Core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids were prepared in a hydrothermal process and characterized with transmission electron microscope, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and UV-vis spectra. Afterwards, their photocatalytic activity was investigated under UV irradiation using methyl orange as a model contaminant. In addition, the stability of the core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids was investigated by repeatedly performing methyl orange photocatalytic degradation experiments. The results indicate the as-prepared core-shell montmorillonite-TiO2 colloids are a highly efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in water. And this photocatalytic activity remains almost unchanged after eight successive cycles.
Study on Treatment of Ammonium Nitrogen in Desulfurization and Denitrification Wastewater with Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Hu Da Long , Zhang Chu Qiao , Shen Xue Lian , Wu Chun Hua , Zhang Ping , Wang Luo Chun
Published: December 2013

Based on the investigation of measurement method of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) desulfurization and denitrification wastewater (DDW) by distillation method, effects of pH, Cl/N and the initial concentration of NH4-N on the removal of NH4-N in DDW by sodium hypochlorite were studied. Results of parallel test and standard recovery test demonstrated good reliability and accuracy of the distillation method for the measurement of NH4-N in DDW. The NH4-N removal efficiency increased with pH from 5.0 and 8.0, and then decreased with pH higher than 8.0. Therefore, the optimum pH value was 8.0 with NH4-N removal efficiency of 74.7%. NH4-N removal efficiency was increased from 16.9% to 84.1% with Cl/N molar ratio rose from 1 to 5. The initial concentration of NH4-N showed insignificant effect on the removal amount of NH4-N, and the removed NH4-N was about 12~13mg/L with the addition of 4.86mmol/L sodium hypochlorite.
CO Hydrogenation on Rh-Based Catalysts for Ethanol Production
Authors: Zhu Ling Jun , guo Wen Wen , Wang Hai Xia
Published: December 2013

CO hydrogenation on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported Rh catalysts were conducted in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, pressure and Mn additive on the catalytic performance was studied. The results revealed that temperature influent CO conversion and products selectivity significantly, while the effect of pressure was slightly. The temperature of 300 to 320 °C and a high pressure facilitate to synthesize ethanol with high efficiency. The highest ethanol and alcohol space time yield can be obtained on CNTs supported Rh catalyst containing 1.1% Mn.
The Technological Research of Diosgenin Extraction by Natural Fermentation Method
Authors: Hu Zhong Xia , Cheng Sheng Gao
Published: December 2013

In order to optimize the best condition of extracting diosgenin in natural fermentation section of natural fermentation acid hydrolysis to explore the influence of fermentation temperature, fermentation time and adding yeast when extracting diosgenin. First set up comparing four fermentation time (t) and five fermentation temperature (T), using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to measure the content of diosgenin, it draws the conclusion that the optimum fermentation time is 48h and the best fermentation temperature is 30°C by natural fermentation; Second compare the yield of adding yeast with the best condition, the results shows that the extraction efficiency with yeast is higher than that of natural fermentation, but the value added is not very large, and it has already achieved good results under the optimal conditions of natural fermentation, so in order to save money, it is not recommended to add yeast.
Determination of Pentachloronitrobenzene in Panax Ginseng by HPLC
Authors: Li Xia , Lv Ping , Wang Yan Guo
Published: December 2013

The separation and determination of pentachloronitrobenzene powder within 10 min by HPLC with HP hypersil C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm), isocratic mobile phase of 0.05 mL/L disodium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (35:65, v/v) containing 0.3 mL/L triethylamine at pH 6.2 and UV detector at 254 nm are described. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy, quantification limits and extraction yields are calculated for pentachloronitrobenzene at the sametime.
Study on Extraction of Polyphenol from Grape Peel Microwave-Assisted Activity
Authors: Yu Hai Bo , Ding Li Feng , Wang Zheng , Shi Li Xin
Published: December 2013

In this study, we performed a single-factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment to evaluate different processing conditions during the extraction of polyphenols from grape skin using microwave-assisted ethanol extraction. In the study, we found that the best conditions for polyphenol extraction using microwave assistance were as follows: 50% ethanol (40 mL) was used to extract polyphenols from grape skin (1 g) while in a 540-W microwave for 3 min.
Protective Effects of Processing Condition and Antioxidant on Vitamin A in Chicken Liver Sausage
Authors: Liu An Jun , Guo Jing , Chen Ying , Wang Zi Jian , Teng An Guo
Published: December 2013

In this study, the protective effects of processing conditions and antioxidants on vitamin A in chicken liver sausage were investigated. The optimal cooking conditions were determined: 80°C 30min. Under this condition, vitamin A loss rate was lowest. Different types of antioxidants vitamin C (ascorbic acid)EDTA-2Na (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt)BHT (2,4-di-tert.-butyl hydroxytoluene) were added to protect vitamin A. The results indicated the added antioxidants have obvious protective effects on vitamin A, and the protection effect of BHT is better than the others.
Improved D-Glucosamine Hydrochloride Preparation from Waste Hypha Residue of Citric Acid
Authors: Sun Xiao Ling , Tan Zhi , Jiang Ying , Xu Min Yue
Published: December 2013

The improved preparation of D-glucosamine hydrochloride from waste hypha residue of citric acid was reported. The use of HCl and acetic acid system as an acid hydrolysis reagent led to a significant increase in the yield of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride (GluHCl). Other effects of various factors on the preparation of GluHCl were also investigated: temperature of acidification, HCl concentration, and reaction time. The experimental conditions were optimized by a L9 (34) orthogonal array design (OAD) with four factors at three levels using statistical analysis. Under optimal conditions, the yield of GluHCl reached 5.2%.
Wuschel and W40 Expression Analysis Undergoing Different Lc Locus Background in Tomato
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Hui , Zhang Qing Bo , Wang Yan Ling , Li Tian Li
Published: December 2013

In tomato fruits, the number of locules varies from two to up to 10 or more.lcis relative to fruit size and locule number. As a candidate gene underlyinglc,wuschelwas mapped to the same region aslc.MLK1 with locule numbers up to 10 and FL1 with locule numbers 2-4, are selected to identify the type oflcloci, the expression ofwuschel. MLK1lcbelongs to lc-mutant type and FL1 is lc-wild type.Wuschelis completely same in MLK1 and FL1, but expresses differentially. With the development of flower buds,wuschelexpression decreased in both materials stem apex, meanwhile it was higher in MLK1 than FL1 at the corresponding development stage of flower bud.Therefore, these results suggest thatwuschelis more possible for candidate gene underlyinglcto regulate locule numbers. These results will provide important information forlcregulating locule number in tomato.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Visible-Light-Driven BiVO4/attapulgite Composite
Authors: Zhang Jin , Sun Yu Xin
Published: December 2013

A novel attapulgite clay-based composite (BiVO4/attapulgite) was successfully prepared as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye solution under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microanalysis by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The results showed that monoclinic BiVO4particles were loaded successfully on to the surface of attapulgite fibers and were widely dispersed. The DRS spectrum reveals that the BiVO4/attapulgite composite had much stronger absorption in the visible light range of 420-800 nm. Correspondingly, the BiVO4/attapulgite composite showed significantly higher activity in degrading RhB solution under visible-light irradiation compared to that of pure BiVO4.
The Effect of Singeing Calendering Processing on Properties of Filter Needled Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Cui Xin , Xiao Wei Min , Ke Qin Fei
Published: December 2013

To improve the quality of needled nonwoven for filtration, many companies will finish the nonwoven fabric in order to improve its performance. The process of singeing with calendering finishing is very important to improve its performance, after finishing the internal filter to a certain extent been blocked, reducing the pressure when cleaning, thereby extending the life of fabrics. We used different methods to deal with needle non-woven fabrics for filtration, which including singeing and singeing with calendering. Then we tested the strength, air permeability, weight and other properties of untreated samples, only singeing samples and singeing with calendering samples. The paper analyzed how treatments affect the properties of needle non-woven fabrics for filtration.
Synthesis of Calcium Peroxide Microparticles in Aqueous at Room Temperature and its Application in Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Waste Liquid of COD Determining
Authors: Zhai Jian , Jiang Chun Hua
Published: December 2013

The calcium peroxide microparticles were synthesized and evaluated as an innovative oxidant to remove Fe (III) and Cr (III) from waste liquid of COD determining samples. The CaO2 microparticles were 0.1-0.3 μm in diameter and the average CaO2 content was 80%. Experiments were performed to investigate the influence of contact time, pH of solution and CaO2 microparticles dosage on the efficiency of Fe (III) and Cr (III) removal. Up to 100.0% and 99.8% removal efficiency for Fe (III) and Cr (III) respectively was obtained by microparticles dosage of 10000 mg/L at 30 min and pH 7.46. It could be concluded that the removal efficiency was enhanced by increasing CaO2 microparticles dosage and reaction time, but decreased by increasing pH. These results suggest that CaO2 microparticles may be used to develop a simple and efficient removal method for waste liquid of COD determining samples.
Preparation and Permeation Properties of NaA Zeolite Membrane by Vapor Phase Transformation Method
Authors: Cheng Zhi Lin , Liu Zan
Published: December 2013

The NaA zeolite membranes with high permeance were synthesized by seeding and secondary growth both using vapor phase transformation method (VPT). The SEM image of seed layer on substrate indicated that the size of seeds was about 60nm. The XRD patterns showed that the formation of NaA zeolite membrane was after vapor phase transformation of 12h, and the pure NaA zeolite crystals formed on substrate. The SEM images showed that the NaA zeolite membrane consisted of compact polycrystalline crystals with an average size of ca. 2µm. The permeation results showed that the H2 permeance s of NaA membranes attained at the level of 10-6 mol/Pa·m2·s, and the maximum permselectivities of the H2/N2, H2/CO and H2/C3H8 were 4.15,4.78 and 10.1, respectively, which were higher than those of the corresponding Knudsen diffusion selectivities. However, the permeation of C3H8 suggested that there existed unwanted intercrystalline pores or defects in the membranes.
Diatomite Modification and its Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Dong Guo Ri , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2013

Diatomite plays a very important role in sewage adsorption and especially has vast prospect in adsorbing heavy metal ions. The paper, on the basis of domestic and overseas literatures concerning diatomite, summarizes the modification methods of diatomite and adsorption research of heavy metal ions. Besides, it also forecasts the prospect of using diatomite to specifically adsorb heavy metal ion.
Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Loaded Hollow Glass Microspheres (HGMs) from Amber Coloured Glass Frits
Authors: Dalai Sridhar , Vijayalakshmi Savithri , Sivam Santosh Param , Pratibha Sharma
Published: December 2013

Hollow glass microspheres loaded with ZnO nanoparticles were fabricated from amber colored glass powder blended with zinc acetate salt, by flame spheroidisation method. The morphology and the microstructure of the samples were observed using SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques, whereas the composition of the feed glass and product HGMs were determined using EDX and ICP. The results showed that HGMs with surface coating of zinc oxide nanoparticles can be successfully synthesized using this single step process. Effect of zinc acetate percentage (0-10%) in the glass feed on the formation of zinc oxide coated HGMs and the nature of the ZnO coating were studied. A continuous thin coating of ZnO nanoparticles on the HGMs surface were obtained when the zinc acetate content in the feed glass powder was 2-5%. Further increase of the zinc acetate in the feed glass led to uneven coating on the surface of HGMs. A clear cut diffraction pattern for crystalline ZnO was observed at the thick patches observed on the HGMs samples with 10% loading of zinc. The thickness of the ZnO coating increased from 10 nm to 500 nm when the zinc content in the feed glass increased from 2 to 10%.
Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Fe-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds
Authors: Zhu Hong Tao , Ge Hong Yu , Jiao Shou Chang
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we discuss experimental method of synthetic HTLcs by coprecipitation method,and factors of this HTLcs catalytic decomposition of methylene blue. Experimental results show that the Optimal catalytic conditions is: Catalyst is 0.75g/L, H2O2concentration is 0.75% and Reaction time was2.5h when the initial concentration of methylene blue is 20mg/L and the PH value of solution is 2.The decolorization rate of Methylene blue can reach 96.56%.
Impact of Nitrogen Source on the Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Lipid Synthesis of Monoraphidium sp.FXY-10 under Different Culture Conditions
Authors: Ding Ke , Li Tao , Zhao Peng , Wang Lin , Yu Xu Ya
Published: December 2013

The NaNO3concentration influencing the growth and lipid synthesis ofMonoraphidiumsp.FXY-10 under three cultures (autotrophy, heterotrophy and mixotrophy) was studied through flask-shaking experiment. Additionally, the impact of nitrogen source on the growth and lipid content ofMonoraphidiumsp.FXY-10 was investigated. The NaNO3concentration for maximum biomass and highest lipid content ofMonoraphidiumsp.FXY-10 was obtained and the optimal conditions for its N absorption were concluded through the Andrew model.
Photocatalytic Degradation Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes for Cr(VI)
Authors: Li Xiang Qing , Hong Zhen , Kang Shi Zhao , Qin Li Xia , Li Guo Dong , Mu Jin
Published: December 2013

TiO2 nanotubes were obtained by calcining at various temperatures. The influence of calcination temperature on the degradation activity of TiO2 nanotubes for Cr (VI) was investigated under UV light irradiation. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes calcinated at 350 °C was the highest. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes was higher than that of the P25 TiO2 nanoparticles. Importantly, the stability of TiO2 nanotubes for the degradation of Cr (VI) was high, and degradation efficiency can still reach 72.4% after 8 recycles. Consequently, a highly stable and active photocatalyst for degradation of Cr (VI) was achieved.
Calcined Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide Adsorbent for Acid Red G Dye Removal
Authors: Sun Li Qun , Ren Zhi Quan
Published: December 2013

The calcined Mg-Fe LDH adsorbent (CLDH) was fabricated by co-precipitation and calcination processes. The adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The adsorbent exhibited high adsorption capacity for the removal of acid red G (ARG) dye. The effects of the adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact time, reaction temperature and initial ARG dye concentrations upon the ARG dye adsorption were investigated in detail. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process was fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2> 0.99). The equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich equation. Moreover, after three regeneration cycles, the CLDH still showed high adsorption capacity. The results showed that the CLDH is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater.
Synthesis and Activity on Modified TiO2 Coated on Modified Serpentine
Authors: Wu Ya Rui , Chen Qiu Ji , Wang Song
Published: December 2013

Synthesis method of modified TiO2coated on modified serpentine was studied. Synthesized compound material was characterized by SEM, EPMA, and XRD etc. Photocatalytic activities of the obtained samples were examined by degrading tests of simulation phenol wastewater and CN-wastewater. Analysis and test results showes that crystal of TiO2/ modified serpentine is anatase, material has good photocatalytic activity and regeneration performance. Also, TiO2/modified serpentine photocatalyst has a very good recycling performance. After ten times recycling the photocatalytic degradation rate has been maintained at more than 99%.
Effect of Aminosulphonate Based Superplasticizer on the Properties of Slag Pastes
Authors: Pan Qun , Shi Cong Li , Zhu Bin
Published: December 2013

This study indicates how aminosulphonate (AS) based superplasticizer affects the properties of slag pastes activated by NaOH, such as adsorption, zeta potential and mini slump. It was concluded that the adsorption of superplasticizer on slag pastes depended directly on the dosage of the superplasticizer and the retarder. Slag particles grounded with the retarder YP-3 adsorbed 1.53 times of superplasticizer AS as much as pure slag particles at 1.5% mass of the slag, and the absolute value increment of the zeta potential of the slag paste suspension containing the retarder YP-3 is 15.20mV, compared with 9.81mV in the system without YP-3. Besides, the Slag pastes activated by NaOH containing the retarder YP-3 show better rheological properties and lower fluidity loss over time.
Appraisement Study on People Safety Evacuation in Large Scale Communal Building during Fire
Authors: Liu Qi Wei
Published: December 2013

Fire danger degree of large public buildings is very high, difficulty to evacuation. Designed of fire evacuation is the most important factor when the safety degree of a large scale communal building is evaluated. Based on probabilistic analysis method - Markov model to predict public building fire evacuation rational design. Taking a large public places fire safety evacuation example case study, the results showed that: Markov model can scientifically and accurately, effectively predict extreme cases limited time traffic density, and each exit door emergency escape set a minimum flow of people. To ensure that the fire occurred within the time allowed people to evacuate to a safe area provides a theoretical basis.
A Comparison Study of Hybrid Flame of Methane/Coal Dust Mixture in Vented Explosions
Authors: Yan Zheng Xin , Zhang Tao , Yan Dong Zhi , Yang Hua Ping , Gong An , Liao Qian , Chen Qian
Published: December 2013

The interaction of the induced flame front with coal dust cloud with different equivalence ratio was experimentally investigated by the vented flow with Kv=5.4 and Kv=10.9, and compared to the vented flow pressure characteristics of methane with and without coal dust. The increasing second peak structure of hybrid mixture pressure suggested that a dust secondary explosion does exist in external space of vent vessel. The pressure results with the increasing equivalence ratio of hybrid mixture also exhibit that there is not rich limit for coal dust in hybrid explosions. However, the maximum pressure increase ratio reveal the maximum pressure increase ratio will decrease with the increasing equivalence ratio of hybrid mixture if it is over one, that shows the dispersion of coal dust cloud take clearly effect on the heating spreading between coal dust particles. The initial methane concentration also takes significantly impact on the combustion of coal dust due to changing the induced flame front strength.
The Risk Probability Analysis of Oil Spill on Offshore Facilities Based on ETA
Authors: Li Yun Bin , Tang Cheng Gang , Wang Xian Feng , Xu Peng
Published: December 2013

The oil spill probability is the core problem on studying the risk of oil spill. The oil spill probability model of offshore facilities is established, which based on the ETA model and the oil spill reason analysis of offshore facilities and subsea pipelines. Through a lot of statistics, combined with the actual situation in the Bohai Sea, the probability of various events is calculated. Finally the probability of oil spill for the Bohai Sea oil facilities and subsea pipelines is calculated and providing references for marine pollution prevention and the study of oil spill risks.
Contents and Characteristics of Phthalic Acid Esters in Municipal Sewage Sludge in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zhao Xiao Li , Zhu Wei , Xu De Fu , Ying Cui , Xia Yun , Chu Yuan , Yang Xi Xi
Published: December 2013

Concentrations of 6 kinds of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in sewage sludge from 20 typical municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Jiangsu province were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . The results shows that the sewage sludge samples contain phthalic acid ester compounds, which total content of phthalic acid esters ( PAEs) range from 15.126 to 71.107 ug/g (dry sludge). The content of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the highest, which amounts more than 80% of total phthalic acid esters (PAE); the content of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is low ,which is less than 1.0 ug/g;Diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) are detected in each sludge sample, but which content display greater difference; Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in most cities is not detected.
Development of an Online-PFSPE-Spectrophotometry System for the Quantification of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Zhao , Zhu Jin Wei , Yan Yan , Kang Xue Jun
Published: December 2013

In order to detect the environmental pollutants in water sample with high sensitivity, an automatic method based on a combined preconcentration setup and flow injection system was developed. A novel packed fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) cartridge packed with electrospun nanofiber was first designed to adsorb environmental pollutants from water media in an online manner. Rhodamine B (RB) was selected as a model pollutant. Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity of wide range between 25-1000 ng mL-1 was achieved. The LOD was 7.5 ng mL-1. The method was applied to analysis RB in water samples with satisfactory results.