bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the influence of chain length on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via multiphase reactions of alkanes
Authors: Madhu Azad , Jang Myoseon , Deacon David
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from diesel fuel is known to be
significantly sourced from the atmospheric oxidation of aliphatic
hydrocarbons. In this study, the formation of linear alkane SOA was
predicted using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR)
model that simulated multiphase reactions of hydrocarbons. In the model, the
formation of oxygenated products from the photooxidation of linear alkanes
was simulated using a nearly explicit gas kinetic mechanism. Autoxidation
paths integrated with alkyl peroxy radicals were added to the Master
Chemical Mechanism v3.3.1 to improve the prediction of low-volatility
products in the gas phase and SOA mass. The resulting gas products were then
lumped into volatility- and reactivity-based groups that are linked to mass-based
stoichiometric coefficients. The SOA mass in the UNIPAR model is produced
via three major pathways: partitioning of gaseous oxidized products onto
both the organic and wet inorganic phases, oligomerization in the organic phase,
and reactions in the wet inorganic phase (acid-catalyzed oligomerization and
organosulfate formation). The model performance was demonstrated for SOA
data that were produced through the photooxidation of a homologous series of
linear alkanes ranging from C9–C15 under varying environments (NOx
levels and inorganic seed conditions) in a large outdoor photochemical smog
chamber. The product distributions of linear alkanes were mathematically
predicted as a function of carbon number using an incremental volatility
coefficient (IVC) to cover a wide range of alkane lengths. The prediction of
alkane SOA using the incremental volatility-based product distributions,
which were obtained with C9–C12 alkanes, was evaluated for C13
and C15 chamber data and further extrapolated to predict the SOA from longer-chain alkanes (≥ C15) that can be found in diesel. The model simulation
of linear alkanes in diesel fuel suggests that SOA mass is mainly produced
by alkanes C15 and higher. Alkane SOA is insignificantly impacted by the
reactions of organic species in the wet inorganic phase due to the
hydrophobicity of products but significantly influenced by gas–particle
partitioning.
UAV-based sampling systems to analyse greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds encompassing compound-specific stable isotope analysis
Authors: Leitner Simon , Feichtinger Wendelin , Mayer Stefan , Mayer Florian , Krompetz Dustin , Hood-Nowotny Rebecca , Watzinger Andrea
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The study herein reports on the development and testing of sampling systems (and subsequent analytical setups) that were deployed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the purpose of analysing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the lower atmospheric boundary layer. Two sampling devices, both of which can be mounted to an UAV with a payload capability greater than 1 kg, were tested for respective sampling and analysis of specific GHGs (carbon dioxide, CO2, and methane, CH4) and VOCs (chlorinated ethenes, CEs). The gas analyses included measurements of the molar amounts and the respective stable carbon isotope ratios. In addition to compound calibration in the laboratory, the functionality of
the samplers and the UAV-based sampling was tested in the field. Atmospheric air was either flushed through sorbent tubes for VOC sampling or collected and sampled in glass vials for GHG analysis. The measurement setup for the sorbent tubes achieved analyte mass recovery
rates of 63 %–100 % (more favourable for lower chlorinated ethenes), when prepared from gaseous or liquid calibration standards, and reached a precision (2σ) better than 0.7 ‰ for δ13C values in the range of 0.35–4.45 nmol. The UAV-equipped
samplers were tested over two field sampling campaigns designed to (1) compare manual and UAV-collected samples taken up a vertical profile at a forest site and (2) identify potential emissions of CO2, CH4 or
VOC from a former domestic waste dump. The precision of CO2 measurements from whole air samples was ≤7.3 µmol mol−1 and ≤0.3 ‰ for δ13C values and ≤0.03 µmol mol−1 and ≤0.2 ‰ for CH4 working gas standards. The results of the whole air sample analyses for CO2 and CH4 were sufficiently accurate to detect and localise potential landfill gas emissions from a secured former domestic waste dump using level flight. Vertical CO2 profiles from a forest location showed a causally comprehensive pattern in the molar ratios and stable carbon isotope ratios but also the potential falsification of the positional accuracy of a UAV-assisted air sample due to the influence of the rotor downwash. The results demonstrate that the UAV sampling systems presented here represent a viable tool for atmospheric background monitoring, as well as for evaluating and identifying emission sources. By expanding the part of the lower atmosphere that can be practicably sampled over horizontal and vertical axes, the presented UAV-capable sampling systems, which also allow for compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA), may facilitate an improved understanding of surface–atmosphere fluxes of trace gas.
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Umezawa Sachi , Tozawa Manami , Nosaka Yuichi , Nomura Daiki , Onishi Hiroji , Abe Hiroto , Takatsu Tetsuya , Ooki Atsushi
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay,
Hokkaido, Japan, on 15 February, 4 and 15 March, and 14 April 2019. The
diatom spring bloom peaked on 4 March and started declining on 15 March.
Funka Bay winter water remained below 30 m depth, which was below the
surface mixed-layer and dark-layer depth (0.1 % of the surface photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, depth) on 4
and 15 March. In the subsurface layer at depths of 30–50 m, concentrations
of NO3-, PO43-, and Si(OH)4 decreased by half
between these dates, even in the dark. Incubation experiments using the
diatom Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii showed that this diatom could consume added nutrients in the dark at
substantial rates after pre-culturing to deplete nutrients. Incubation
experiments using natural seawater collected in the growing phase of the bloom on 8 March 2022 also showed that nutrient-depleted phytoplankton could consume
added nutrients in the dark. We excluded three physical
process – water mixing, diffusive transport, and subduction – as possible main
reasons for the decrease in nutrients in the subsurface layer. We conclude
that the nutrient reduction in the subsurface layer (30–50 m) between 4 and
15 March 2019 could be explained by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark in that
layer.
Marine nitrogen fixation as a possible source of atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen aerosols in the subtropical North Pacific
Authors: Dobashi Tsukasa , Miyazaki Yuzo , Tachibana Eri , Takahashi Kazutaka , Horii Sachiko , Hashihama Fuminori , Yasui-Tamura Saori , Iwamoto Yoko , Wong Shu-Kuan , Hamasaki Koji
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in marine
atmospheric aerosols affect the water solubility, acidity, and
light-absorbing properties of aerosol particles, which are important
parameters in assessing both the climate impact and the biogeochemical
cycling of bioelements. Size-segregated aerosol and surface seawater (SSW)
samples were simultaneously collected over the subtropical North Pacific to
investigate the origin of WSON in the marine atmosphere. The fine-mode WSON
concentration (7.5 ± 6.6 ngN m−3) at 200–240∘ E
along 23∘ N, defined as the eastern North Pacific (ENP), was
significantly higher than that (2.4 ± 1.9 ngN m−3) at
135–200∘ E, defined as the western North Pacific (WNP).
Analysis of the stable carbon isotope ratio of water-soluble organic carbon
(WSOC; δ13CWSOC) together with backward trajectory
indicated that most of the observed WSON in the fine particles in the ENP
originated from the ocean surface. We found positive relations among
nitrogen-fixation rate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in SSW, and the
WSON concentrations. The result suggests that reactive nitrogen (DON and
ammonium), produced and exuded by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in SSW,
contributed to the formation of WSON aerosols. This study provides new
insights into the role of ocean-derived reactive nitrogen aerosols
associated with marine microbial activity.
Estimating propagation probability from meteorological to ecological droughts using a hybrid machine learning copula method
Authors: Jiang Tianliang , Su Xiaoling , Zhang Gengxi , Zhang Te , Wu Haijiang
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The impact of droughts on vegetation is essentially manifested as
the transition of water shortage from the meteorological to ecological
stages. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of drought propagation from
meteorological to ecological drought is crucial for ecological conservation. This study proposes a method for calculating the probability of meteorological drought to trigger ecological drought at different magnitudes in northwestern China. In this approach, meteorological and ecological drought events during 1982–2020 are identified using the three-dimensional identification method; the propagated drought events are extracted according to a certain spatiotemporal overlap rule, and propagation probability is calculated by coupling the machine learning model and C-vine copula. The results indicate that (1) 46 drought events are successfully paired with 130 meteorological and 184 ecological drought events during 1982–2020, and ecological drought exhibits a longer duration but smaller affected area and severity than meteorological drought; (2) a quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifier performs the best among the 11 commonly used machine learning models which are combined with four-dimensional C-vine copula to construct the drought propagation probability model; and (3) the hybrid method considers more drought characteristics and a more detailed propagation process which addresses the limited applicability of the traditional method to regions with large spatial extent.
Evaluation of low-cost Raspberry Pi sensors for structure-from-motion reconstructions of glacier calving fronts
Authors: Taylor Liam S. , Quincey Duncan J. , Smith Mark W.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Glacier calving fronts are highly dynamic environments that are becoming
ubiquitous as glaciers recede and, in many cases, develop proglacial lakes.
Monitoring of calving fronts is necessary to fully quantify the glacier
ablation budget and to warn nearby communities of the threat of hazards,
such as glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), tsunami waves, and iceberg
collapses. Time-lapse camera arrays, with structure-from-motion
photogrammetry, can produce regular 3D models of glaciers to monitor changes
in the ice but are seldom incorporated into monitoring systems owing to the
high cost of equipment. In this proof-of-concept study at Fjallsjökull,
Iceland, we present and test a low-cost, highly adaptable camera system
based on Raspberry Pi computers and compare the resulting point cloud data
to a reference cloud generated using an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV). The
mean absolute difference between the Raspberry Pi and UAV point clouds is
found to be 0.301 m with a standard deviation of 0.738 m. We find that
high-resolution point clouds can be robustly generated from cameras
positioned up to 1.5 km from the glacier (mean absolute difference 0.341 m,
standard deviation 0.742 m). Combined, these experiments suggest that for
monitoring calving events in glaciers, Raspberry Pi cameras are an
affordable, flexible, and practical option for future scientific research.
Owing to the connectivity capabilities of Raspberry Pi computers, this opens
the possibility for real-time structure-from-motion reconstructions of
glacier calving fronts for deployment as an early warning system to
calving-triggered GLOFs.
Assessing the relationship between weather conditions and rockfall using terrestrial laser scanning to improve risk management
Authors: Birien Tom , Gauthier Francis
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Since 1987, more than 13 200 rockfalls have been inventoried by the ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) as having impacted the national road Route 132 in northern Gaspésie. This natural hazard represents a nearly
permanent danger for road users. Traditional mitigation measures can be
ineffective on poorly consolidated, deformed and highly fractured rockwalls
such as those found in northern Gaspésie. To address this issue,
implementing preventive risk management based on the factors that trigger
rock instabilities could be the most effective method. Earthquake, rainfall
and freeze–thaw cycles are commonly considered to be the main rockfall-triggering factors. This study aims to better understand the climatic
conditions conducive to rockfalls in northern Gaspésie in order to
provide knowledge to implement an appropriate risk management strategy.
Three rockwalls were scanned with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) instruments during
specific pre-targeted weather conditions. Over a period of 18 months, 17
surveys have allowed us to identify 1287 rockfalls with a magnitude above
0.005 m3 on a scanned surface of 12 056 m2.
In addition, meteorological instruments and a 550 cm thermistor string have been installed directly on a vertical rockwall. It appears that some weather conditions influence the occurrence, frequency and magnitude of rockfalls. In winter, rockfall frequency is 12 times higher during a superficial thaw than
during a cold period in which temperature remains below 0 ∘C. In
summer, rockfall frequency is 22 times higher during a heavy rainfall event
than during a mainly dry period. Superficial freeze–thaw cycles (< 50 cm) cause mostly a high frequency of small-magnitude events, while deeper spring thaw (> 100 cm) results in a high frequency of large-magnitude events. The influence of weather conditions on rockfall frequency and magnitude is crucial in order to improve risk management, since large-magnitude events represent higher potential hazards. This study provides a classification of weather conditions based on their ability to trigger rockfalls of different magnitudes. This knowledge could be used to implement a risk management strategy.
Assessing the Impact of Satellite Internet in Rural Areas: A Case of C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana
Authors: Gyamerah Seth , Gyamfi Enoch Opanin , Adom Dominic Kwasi , Danso Juliana Mantebea , Eduful James
Published: January 2023

The internet has become an essential part of the world today. The internet will need to reach a wide range of individuals’ family members, friends, acquaintances, or even share data or information with a group of people. Imagine a constant and reliable internet connection, regardless of location or place. The CKT-UTAS (C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences) Campus is an example of an area where internet connection is inferior and unreliable. This research work studied the benefits and limitations of satellite internet, which can be a solution to the current state of internet connection unreliability on the CKT-UTAS campus and derive into the benefits it will provide to the university if implemented. This study aimed to compare the current telecommunication network services to the Satellite Internet services, analyses the awareness level of Satellite Internet in rural areas and examine the significance of Satellite Internet technology in rural areas. In-depth research was done by administering questionnaires and studying other related works on this study to gather all the necessary information. After the data were analyzed, it was concluded that the Satellite Internet had more advantages that are significant in rural areas than the Current/Traditional Internet.
A Complex Character of the Civil War in Yemen: A Perspective from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Khurshid , Amin Dr Fouzia , Muhammad Raza
Published: January 2023

The civil war in Yemen is a puzzling case, involving local, regional and global actors with conflicting motives. Till recent past, Yemen had not been a hotbed for sectarian strife yet, in the milieu of the ‘Gulf War-2003’ followed by the ‘Arab Spring’, the ground realities greatly changed, bringing ‘sectarian divide’ as one of the many dimensions in the conflict. While Iran continues to deny Saudi accusations of its great designs in Middle East, still we need to ascertain the facts by probing the complex interplay between drivers and actors placed at various levels. The study concludes that besides the ‘sectarian divide’, there are other dimensions of the conflict which are grounded on political, social and strategic aspects, directly influenced by the outside players. As a part of the real politick, Iran and Saudi Arabia are striving to have their grip over the Middle East including the Yemen. The study also concludes that the Yemen being its soft underbelly, Saudi Kingdom would not compromise on its stated goals of having direct influence over it, even if it has to pay a heavy cost. The study suggests that to realize a durable peace in the region, Iran and Saudi led coalition should bridge trust deficit, address perception problems and help various factions to resolve their differences by signing a ‘new social contract’. From theoretical angle, this paper adopts a realist line, focusing on security concerns of the state actors.
L’arbre fétiche de Jean Pliya, au croisement de l’imaginaire mytho-religieux et écologique
Authors: Kouadio Koffi Hervé
Published: January 2023

En Afrique francophone, l’arbre et/ou la forêt (e) fédère (nt) une pluralité d’imaginaires dont la force et les caractéristiques assortissent de valeurs et symbolismes d’essence vitale. Chez Jean Pliya, il laisse interférer un imaginaire mytho-religieux et écologique inspiré de l’Animisme qui lui semble consubstantiel. À l’aune de la mythocritique durandienne et de l’écocritique, le décryptage de la double figure associée à l’arbre permet de comprendre qu’il établit des correspondances cosmiques spécifiques et universelles et conjugue l’humain et le non-humain dans leur totalité pour féconder et fixer l’existence.
دور الاتجاهات الحديثة للمراجعة الداخلية في الحد من مخاطر أمن المعلومات المحاسبية (دراسة ميدانية على بنك الخرطوم)
Authors:   أستاذ المحاسبـة المساعد، قسم المحاسبة والتمويل، كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم الإدارية، جامعة بخت الرضا، جمهورية السودان, كريم الدين عمر عمر
Published: January 2023

تناولت الدراسة دور الاتجاهات الحديثة للمراجعة الداخلية ودورها في الحد من مخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية، تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في تزايد حدة الآثار السالبة لمخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية وأثرها على التقارير المالية للمعلومات التي تمكن مستخدمي التقارير من تقدير حجم المخاطر ومحاولة تحديد طبيعة البيانات المالية التي يمكن الاعتماد عليها لتقدير حجم المخاطر المتوقعة عند اتخاذ القرار، هدفت الدراسة إلى القيام بدراسة تحليلية لمخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية ودوافع الإدارة لمعرفة أثر تكنولوجيا المعلومات على نشاط المنشأة وتحليل العلاقة بين إدارة المخاطر و مخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية وإضافة قيمة للمنشأة والحد من مخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية في القطاع المصرفي والتعرف على أثر حوكمة الشركات في الحد من مخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية، تنبع اهمية الدراسة في الربط بين أنشطة المراجعة الداخلية في تكامل الإجراءات الحديثة وتكامل الإجراءات التي تؤدي للحد من مخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية. اتبعت الدراسة المنهج التاريخي والاستنباطي الاستقرائي والوصفي التحليلي لتحليل بيانات عينة مأخوذة بالطريقة العشوائية عن طريق أداة جمع المعلومات، وتوصلت الدراسة للعديد من النتائج أهمها الالتزام بآليات المحاسبة لحوكمة الشركات ومقدار الجهد اللازم لتنفيذه يؤدي إلى الشفافية والدقة والوضوح في معلومات القوائم المالية وأثبتت الدراسة وجود أثر وعلاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين إدارة المخاطر ومخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية، وأوصت الدراسة بتدعيم حوكمة الشركات كأحد الاتجاهات الحديثة للمراجعة الداخلية للحد من مخاطر أمن نظم المعلومات المحاسبية وللحفاظ على الثقة والشفافية في المعلومات المالية المفصح عنها وضرورة المساعدة في تدعيم نظام الإفصاح وتحقيق الشفافية من خلال تطبيق الاتجاهات الحديثة للمراجعة الداخلية ونظام الرقابة الداخلية والمعلومات التي تضمنها التقارير المالية.
ԱՊՊԱ համակարգի արդարացված բարեփոխումները / Justified Reforms of the Cmtpli System
Authors: GHAZARYAN Lusine
Published: January 2023

Until 2011, no types of compulsory insurance existed in the insurance market of the Republic of
Armenia and only some types of voluntary insurance were sold on the market. However, 2011 became
a turning point in the insurance market of the Republic of Armenia. On March 18, 2010, the law of the
Republic of Armenia “On Compulsory Insurance of Liability Arising from the Use of Motor Vehicles”
was adopted, and from January 1, 2011, CMTPL insurance was introduced in the Republic of Armenia
as a mandatory type of insurance, according to which, starting from 2011, all motorcars in operation
were supposed to have an CMTPLI agreement, i.e. car owners were obliged to insure their liability to
third parties for personal and property damage. In addition to the adoption of the law, in order to ensure the stability and development of the system, the Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia created
the Bureau of Motor Insurers of Armenia (hereinafter referred to as the Bureau), whose main goal was
to protect the interests of the victims. From 2011 to the present day, certain changes have been made
in the Bureau aimed at ensuring the efficiency of the system. The article, in particular, will consider the
"injustice" of the system and the latest changes.
Ռազմական զբոսաշրջության բազմավեկտոր զարգացումը / Multi-Vector Development of Military Tourism
Authors: SHAHRIMANYAN Tereza
Published: January 2023

As a modern type of tourism military tourism is one of the most interesting types of recreation for
a modern tourist. It is a trip to the most famous places of military operations in each country. Military
tourism is at the active stage of its development. This type of tourism is becoming increasingly popular
due to military conflicts that occur around the world. The experience of foreign countries shows that
military tourism pays off quickly. Military tourism contributes to the preservation of the values and traditions of military history, the promotion of the military-historical heritage of the region to the tourist
market. The RA and NKR have a rich potential for the development of military tourism requiring careful preparation and organization, after which it can satisfy the needs of tourists and become a highly
developed type of tourism. With the development of military tourism in the Republic of Armenia and
the NKR, it is possible to increase the patriotic level and tourist competitiveness resulting from the
increase in tourist display facilities and their availability. This in turn will contribute to the development
of the regional economy due to the increase in jobs and the expansion of tourism infrastructure, especially in border settlements.
Ռուսաստանի դեմ պատժամիջոցների ազդեցությունը Հայաստանի տնտեսության վրա. հնարավորություն, թե՞ խոչընդոտներ / Impact of Sanctions Against Russia on the Economy of Armenia: an Opportunity or an Obstacle?
Authors: BULANIKYAN Vahe
Published: January 2023

The paper deals with the impact of sanctions against Russia on the economy of Armenia. Under
difficult economic conditions, the pressure of sanctions on the economy of the Republic of Armenia is
great, since Russia is the main trade and investment partner of the Republic of Armenia. The sanctions led to a slowdown in the global economy and accelerated inflation. In turn, the EAEU countries,
including Armenia, fell under the influence of various factors of the turbulent external environment.
It should be noted that today Armenia was able to minimize the negative impact of the sanctions
applied against Russia on the economy, and to some extent take advantage of the opportunities that
have opened up.
Տնտեսական աճը կովկասյան տարածաշրջանում. զարգացման միտումներ և սպասելիքներ / Economic Growth in the Caucasian Region: Development Trends and Expectations
Authors: PETROSYAN Narine
Published: January 2023

The geopolitical realities that emerged as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war, along with economic and political risks, opened up new opportunities for the three South Caucasian countries. The
continuous influx of IT companies and tourists to these countries nullified the forecasts for the beginning of the year by various international structures, that aroused negative sentiments in the countries
of the region. The paper examines the economic development of the countries of the region under the
conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, considers the updated expectations of economic growth at the
end of the year and how “sustainable” they are for these countries.
Ծայրահեղականությունը համաշխարհային տնտեսությունում. պատժամիջոցների մեջ «թաթախված» կյանք / Extremism in the World Economy: Life Deep in Sanctions
Authors: PAKHLYAN Anna
Published: January 2023

Recently, sanctions have become a unique tool for regulating foreign relations and forcibly limiting the economic opportunities of other countries. In this regard, 2022 is an unprecedented year in terms of scope, coverage and scalability of sanctions. Although the practice of imposing sanctions is accompanied by “noise and shout” of humanism and pacifism, their main motivation is “political expediency”. The latter is justified by the use of double standards when imposing sanctions on a particular country that exhibits similar behavior. Based on the well-known Russian-Ukrainian events of 2022, the West “flooded” Russia with a stream of sanctions. As of November 9, the US, Canada, Switzerland, EU, UK, France, Australia and Japan have imposed a total of 12,747 sanctions against Russia. The sanctions packages also include a ban on imports from Russia of a number of vital resources that are, in fact, critical to the economy of the sanctioners themselves. In such circumstances, it is still difficult to clearly assess which of the parties will be more deeply "mired" in losses as a result of all this.
Some molluscs from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) west of Pleven (Central Northern Bulgaria). II. Gastropoda: order Neogastropoda
Authors: Nikolov Petar
Published: January 2023

Thirty one taxa of the species group undescribed up to now in Bulgaria are discussed in this paper. They belong to 17 genera and 7 families of Neogastropoda order. The species were found in outcrops of the reef facies exposed between the villages of Târnene and Bivolare along the right bank of the Vit River to the West of the town of Pleven. They belong to the Opanec Formation. Only Late Moravian (Orbulina suturalis Foraminiferal zone) and Wielickian (Uvigerina Foraminiferal zone) sediments of the Badenian regional substage are exposed here. The gastropod fauna is diverse and facially well tied but it is not a criterium by the subdivision of the Badenian regional Stage into substages.
Dinoflagellate cysts from the Bathonian – Tithonian (Jurassic) of North Bulgaria. III. Tithonian dinoflagellate cysts
Authors: Dodekova Lilia
Published: January 2023

Tithonian marine sediments from 34 boreholes and one outcrop in North Bulgaria have been palynologically examined. They contain rich anа commonly well preserved dinocyst assemblages. This paper includes brief comments on morphology, taxonomy, geographic and stratigraphic distribution of 56 dinocyst taxa and 2 acritarch species which start ill this sequence. The new of them are sketched and described in detail. They include: Semicavidinium gen. n., S. mitra (Dürr) comb. n., Amphorula monteiliae sp. n., Cassiculosphaeridia cribrosa sp. n., Kallosphaeridium callosum sp. n., Prolixosphaeridium? foratum sp. n., Prolixosphaeridium perforospineum sp. n., Sentusidinium spatiosum sp. n., Systematophora jubifera sp. n., Systematophora? prodigiosa sp. n., Pareodinia pauca sp. n., Gonyaulacysta vesicula sp. n., Leptodinium? ambiguiformis sp. n., Leptodinium? pilagatum sp. n., Pyxidinopsis? retiolum sp. n. On a range chart the stratigraphic distribution of mentioned taxa together with transitional dinocyst species is summarized. They were found in 11 lithostratigraphic units. This research supplements the knowledge of the true Tethyan assemblages in Late Jurassic and Jurassic - Cretaceous boundary.
Correlation between the Quaternary continental sediments in North-eastern Bulgaria with the marine sediments in the Black Sea Shelf
Authors: Shopov Vladimir , Evlogiev Yordan , Popov Nikolai
Published: January 2023

North-eastern Bulgaria was an extraglacial region during the Quaternary. The active erosion and abrasion in this region is connected with the pluvial facies of the glaciation epoch. The alluvial sediments in the terraces – T0-T6, accumulated during the relevant glacial and stacial cycles were sources of fine grained loess. The loess accumulated from a given cycle lies over the older terraces and levels then denuded for eolian sedimentation. The active eolian activity has to be connected with the deglaciation phases of the glaciers. From the beginning of the Quaternary the effects of five big glaciations corresponding to the regressions of the sea are marked in the Black Sea region. These are: Dunavium, Günz, Mindel, Riss and Würm. The alluvial soil on the seventh loess reveals that there has been a break in sedimentation - the regression of Günz 2. The alluvium of sixth loess - the Mindel regression, that of fifth loess - the regression of Riss 1 and the alluvium of fourth loess - maybe the regression of Riss 2. The alluvium of third loess (corresponding lo the glaciation (W1) - the Post-Karangatian regression, this of second loess (W2) - the break which caused the deposition of continental sediments over the Lower New Euxinian Substage and this on first loess (W3) - the regression between the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. The break, in recent soil time, probably corresponds to the Fanagorian regression.
Numerical criteria of precise delimitation of the calpionellid Crassicollaria and Calpionella Zones in relation to the Jurassic/Cretaceous system boundary
Authors: Lakova Iskra
Published: January 2023

In this paper, detailed statistic data on the calpionellid occurrence and relative abundance are presented being obtained within a 2 m thick interval of the Glozhene Formation, Western Balkanides, at the boundary between Crassicollaria and Calpionella Zones. Existing criteria of definition the lower boundary of Calpionella Zone have been revised. It has been proposed to determine this boundary on the base of the morphological transition in Calpionella alpina, the explosion of the medium-sized variety and decline of large elongated variety of this species, and the disappearance of homeomorph Calpionella elliptica. It has been confirmed that Crassicollaria brevis and Crassicollaria massutiniana have their last occurrences at or a little lower the boundary but the “explosion” of the species Calpionella alpine has not been corroborated at this level.
Numeratic Literacy in Mathematics Learning Assisted of RME-Based Booklet Teaching Materials in Class V Elementary School Students
Authors: Prasetyo Nugroho Muh. Nur Aziz , Rubai Wijaya M. Burhan , Suminar Tri
Published: January 2023

The aims of this study were (1) to examine the design of mathematics booklet teaching materials based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for class V Elementary School Students , (2) to examine the feasibility of teaching materials for mathematics booklets in Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) based learning for class V Elementary School Students, (3) to examine the effectiveness of mathematics booklet teaching materials in learning based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for class V Elementary School Students. The research design uses Research and development (R&D) with a 4-D model (Four-D Models). The results of this study 1) Design of teaching materials for mathematics booklets based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for class V SD, 2) Feasibility Test for Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) based mathematics booklets for class V Elementary School Students, 3) Test the effectiveness of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) based mathematics booklets ) class V Elementary School Students

Keywords: literasi numerasi, bahan ajar booklet matematika, realistic mathematics education (RME)
Formulation Strategy of Kisel SIM Card’s Facing Business Digitalization in Telecommunications Industry
Authors: Permana Indra , M. Baga Lukman , Rifin Amzul
Published: January 2023

However, for starter pack sellers, this prepaid card re-registration policy has decreased starter pack sales, previously the policy was applied to merchants who could enjoy the benefits of buying and selling starter packs by selling an average of 100 starter packs per day. This has an impact on the performance of the packing business and the manufacture of starter packs in the Cellular Telecommunications Cooperative (KISEL). There was a decline in sales on SIM cards from 2018 to 2020. This research was conducted at the Sim Card Logistics Management Department with the legal entity Cellular Telecommunications Cooperative (KISEL). The author analyzes the declining production of SIM card and its impact on employee well-being and focuses on the development of SIM card strategies in the face of business digitization in the increasingly competitive telecommunications industry. To obtain the results of priority strategy analysis, data processing and analysis techniques were carried out using 7s Mckinsey Analysis, PESTLE Analysis, Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Analysis, External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Analysis, Internal-External Matrix (IE), SWOT Analysis, SWOT Matrix, QSPM Analysis (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix). Based on the results, priorities of Kisel's strategy include: first is the procurement and targeting of ideal machines for faster delivery processes, increasing promotion and popularity through social media, the third is Improving adaptive work culture with new lifestyle habits, fourth Improving facilities and facilities for employees and the last is Coordinating intensive with new partners to negotiate the fulfillment of raw material needs.

Keywords: SWOT, QSPM, Kisel, Internal-External Matrix, Digitalization
Business Development Strategy for CV Hadi Corp Convection in the Domestic Market with a Canvas Business Model Approach
Authors: Pari Fauzi , Syarief Rizal , Hannan Sufrin
Published: January 2023

The textile manufacturing industry in Indonesia grew 15 percent, but total exports fell 2.87 percent to 12.84 billion dollars in 2019 compared to 2018 of 13.22 billion dollars. The TPT industry can be divided into several sectors, one of which is the apparel sector. The apparel sector also has an important GDP contribution for Indonesia. In textile product commodities, there is competition with imported quality. Textile products find it difficult to compete in the domestic market due to inferior quality to imported products, both in terms of materials, sewing, styles and finishing which are not neat and not standardized and their availability has not met market demand. In dealing with changes in the external and internal environment CV. Hadi Corp needs a business model mapping to determine the company's business conditions to be able to create breakthrough innovations for the company's business development for the domestic market. Hadi Corp needs a business model mapping to determine the company's business conditions to be able to create breakthrough innovations for the company's business development for the domestic market. The research objective is to analyze the current CV Hadi Corp Canvas Business Model, analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of CV Hadi Corp currently based on the 9 elements of the Canvas Business Model and Design the CV Hadi Corp Repair Canvas Business Model as an alternative planning future business strategy. Data processing uses the Canvas Business Model and SWOT and the Blue Ocean Strategy. The results showed that the Improvement of the CV Hadi COrp Canvas Business Model based on alternative strategies resulted in several targets and development for each element including: 1) Business to business customers; 2) product innovation; 3) updating the website to improve online promotion; 4) Conduct site visits to customers and customer assessment of company services through customer satisfaction surveys; 5) Investment in technology or new resources and training; 7) Customers for tool rental and design services, market surveys and manufacturing of innovative products. The target of improving each element in the canvas business model aims to expand the potential value proposition that can be offered by CV Hadi Corp.

Keywords: TPT, SWOT, Business Model Canvas, Blue Ocean Strategy, CV Hadi Corp
Learning Media Development of Beginner Written Receptions Based on Augmented Reality Applications
Authors: Tri Wibowo Dewi , Pramuniati Isda , Ratna Soraya Tengku
Published: January 2023

This study aims to discuss the development process of augmented reality as a French language learning media which is applied in the reception ecrite debutante course; the augmented reality brings about a product, namely the new livgent red application, textbooks, and manuals for its use. This development process was carried out through material and media feasibilities by four validators, so that the results of this development were feasible to apply to students. Based on the needs analysis, students still need more varied media when studying and adapted to the times, namely the use of technology and communication tools. Therefore, this media is the solution we provide because it has several advantages such as: easy to use, colorful, interactive in 3D, attractive, among others. This media can accommodate text, video, 3D, images and audio and can be used online or offline. This research was adapted from Branch’s ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation), but this paper only reached the development stage. In the material validation process, an average value of 91.2% was obtained, so it was categorized as very good. Meanwhile, in the media validation process, an average value of 92.75% was gained, so it was categorized as very good. Thus, the development of media based on augmented reality applications is proved to be valid or feasible in the students’ learning.

Keywords: Development, media, reception ecrite debutante, augmented reality, livgent
A Narrative Study on the Performance Activity Experience of Daehak-ro Theater Artist by Generation
Authors:   Korean Association of Arts Management, Choi Semi , Min Yoonkyung
Published: January 2023

Since the establishment of ‘Arko Arts Theater’ by the ARTS COUNCIL KOREA in 1981, the area around Dongsung-dong and Hyehwa-dong in Jongno-gu has been called ‘Daehak-ro’ and has become the center of the performing arts. However, there were not many studies that analyzed how Daehang-ro Theater Artist experienced and understood the policies implemented to revitalize the region and the changes in the commercial environment. With this awareness of the problem, this study tried to discuss the experience of theater activities of the Theater Artist staying in Daehang-ro while engaging in the theater culture of Daehang-ro as a narrative research methodology.
As a result, first of all, the opportunity to enter and settle in Daehak-ro has changed over time from informal and unsystematic inflow through private networks to visible and systematic entry through official recruitment and platforms. Second, unlike the past when certain economic achievements followed the experience of revitalizing Daehak-ro, the current there is only the satisfaction of self-realization of Theater Artist, so the economic requirements as a job are ambiguous. Third, gentrification in cultural and commercial districts is a chronic phenomenon that has continued since the 1980s, and all research participants felt the problem of gentrification. Lastly, the factors of change in Daehak-ro could be summarized as migration through ‘leaving Daehak-ro’, securing a stage through the expansion of public theaters, and political rights as workers.
The polymer nanocomposite characteristics on various mixtures and mixing times in simple mixing method
Authors: Wirayudha Muzakir , Saloma Saloma , Saggaff Anis , Usman Arie Putra , Tahir Mahmood Md , Khalid Nur Hafizah A.
Published: January 2023

Science and technological developments in the material field have been currently dedicated to a super strong material potential based on nanotechnology. The super strong material can be created from the mixture of epoxy-resin polymer and SiO2 (silicon dioxide) nanoparticles. Polymers exist as a nanoparticle adhesive due to nano-SiO2, which possesses a high amorphic level, resulting in a stronger, more flexible, and stiffer combination than the current super strong material. The advantages of nanocomposite polymer using epoxy- resin and nano-SiO2 produce strong and light products with an easier production process, utilizing local materials that can improve the following material quality. This study used four material variations, namely P30, P35, P40, and P45, combined with nanoparticles at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. Based on the results, the highest compressive strength level was found on the PNK 40 EH2:1N1 mixture at 53.18 MPa with 1627 kg/m3 weight density. From the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test results, the following mixture had the lowest amorphic phase, while Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) test results showed that the following mixture absorbed more hydrogen elements, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation on the following material mixture had more organized particle distribution.
A study on the vibration of a bus with air suspension system moving on random road surface profiles with different speeds
Authors: Tung Nguyen Thanh , Van Luong Van
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the results of research on the vibration of the Hyundai Universe bus using an air suspension system and mechanical suspension system when it is run at different speeds on random road surface profiles according to ISO 8608:2016. The research results show that the used air suspension system ensures smooth movement and dynamic safety according to TCVN 6964:2008 (ISO 2631:2003) and VDI 2057:2017 standards. The maximum vehicle speeds on different road classes varied from 105km/h to 65km/h. A vehicle with an air suspension system provided a smaller root mean square of vibration acceleration RMS(Z) than a vehicle with a mechanical suspension system. The root means square of the wheel load RMS(Fz) of a vehicle with an air suspension system is about 99.6% of that of a vehicle with a mechanical suspension system.
Assessment of behavioral and anatomical changes in anterior Cingulate gyrus and Substantia nigra in stressed adult albino mice
Authors: Bangera Hemalatha , K R Vasanthalakshmi , SD Manjula
Published: January 2023

Introduction-Stress is defined as a reaction of the brain to external factors or internal situations, and which in turn controls the behavioral responses according to the situation. The neurons of the cognitive areas of the brain like cingulate gyrus and substantia nigra, which are mainly involved in memory and decision making are susceptible to stress. However, the magnitude of the effect depends upon two crucial factors the duration and nature of stress. Method- To investigate this,on adult Albino mice two type of stress procedure that is restraint and foot shock stress, was applied for the duration of 5days (short duration) and 21 days (long duration).In restraint stress mice were stressed 6 hrs/ day in a wire mesh restrainer while in foot shock stress mice were given intermittent electric foot shock using foot shock apparatus for three hours per day for the duration of 5 and 21 days. Result-The results of the behavioral tests showed that the severity of memory and learning deficit increased with the duration of stress irrespective of nature of stress. Severe neurodegenerative changes seen in anterior cingulate gyrus and substantia nigra on prolonged exposure to stress, hypertrophy of adrenal cortex and gastric ulcers observed in stressed animals compared to their age matched controls confirms the effect of stress. Conclusion- The study reveals the effect of stress on structural and functional plasticity, how it disturbs the cognitive process like learning and memory, how it results in behavioral deficits and will help us in understanding the neurobiology of the psychiatric disorders.
Impact of Antioxidant rich fractions isolated from moss Fissidens grandiflora on alcohol-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Meka Madhavi , Panatula Nalini , Kumar Nemala Siva , Nallapaty Srilakshmi , Koneru Sree Teja , Ketha Alekhya
Published: January 2023

The present study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of selected ethanolic fractions of Fissidens grandiflora in ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Initially, ethanolic extract of F. grandiflora was fractionated using column chromatography. The preliminary antioxidant screening of these fractions identified two main bioactive fractions (F3 and F4), which were found to have significant radical scavenging and metal ion chelation properties compared with ascorbic acid. Based on the antioxidant profile, F3 and F4 were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in ethanol-intoxicated rats. The Wistar rats were grouped (n = 6) and treated with F3 and F4 (100 and 200 mg/kg), ethanol (5 g/kg, 20%w/v) and silymarin (100 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. The outcomes of the study found that chronic administration of ethanol significantly (P < 0.0001) altered the liver parameters and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and CAT). The co-administration of F4 prominently ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by ethanol compared to F3. Histopathological studies further supported the significant protective action of F4. The present study demonstrates that the F. grandiflora possess significant antioxidant properties by augmenting the magnitude of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT and further reducing MDA levels.
Evaluation of adaptogenic activity of Neurotip capsules by swimming endurance and chronic stress model
Authors: Bhimraj Laware Ravindra , Bhausaheb Dighe Santosh , Nandan Kishor Braj
Published: January 2023

Stress is the disturbed homeostatic condition of the organism, and it is represented by non-specific response of the body to any demand imposed on it. Stress brings various changes in physiological condition of the organism, but various mechanism of the body will counteract to maintain homeostasis. Neurotip capsule is effective Ayurvedic treatment for stress related disorders. Neurotip capsules have unique combination of herbs like Jatamansi, Guduchi, Shankapushpi, Ashwagandha, and Probiotics. These herbs are known to sooth the mind, promote calmness and act as a stress buster. In present research study Neurotip formulation was screened for acute toxicity study and sub chronic oral toxicity study on adult albino mice. Animals were observed for behavioural changes, neurological changes and autonomic profile changes. There was no noticeable toxicity and death observed in animals when treated with highest dose of 5000mg/ kg of the formulation. Neurotip was tested on swimming endurance of mice. The results were compared with standard group treated with Geriforte. Test formulation was evaluated by chronic stress model in rats using Omeprazole as standard drug. Assessment of ulcer induction was done to check adaptogenic potential of Neurotip. Ulcer protection by test formulation was found to be 68.44% showing good antistress effects.