bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Background subtraction under varying illumination
Authors: Matsuyama Takashi , Wada Toshikazu , Habe Hitoshi , Tanahashi Kazuya
Published: March 2006

Background subtraction is widely used as an effective method for detecting moving objects in a video image. However, background subtraction requires a prerequisite in that image variation cannot be observed, and the range of application is limited. Proposed in this research paper is a method for detecting moving objects by using background subtraction that can be applied to cases in which the image has varied due to varying illumination. This method is based on two object detection methods that are based on different lines of thinking. One method compares the background image and the observed image using invariant features of illumination. The other method estimates the illumination conditions of the observed image and normalizes the brightness before carrying out background subtraction. These two methods are complementary, and highly precise detection results can be obtained by ultimately integrating the detection results of both methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(4): 77–88, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10166
Benefits of green offices in the UK: analysis from examples built in the 1990s
Authors: Edwards Brian
Published: March 2006

This paper examines the evolution in the UK of green offices against a background of changing government and industry perspectives. A key factor discussed is the emergence of evidence that such buildings can lead to improvements in productivity in the workforce and hence greater competitiveness for the company involved. The paper reviews the measures and criteria employed for evaluating the performance of green buildings at the critical interface between environmental and economic factors. There is a general overview of the design and corporate ambition behind a number of green offices built in the 1990s and a more detailed examination of one. The paper reaches a number of conclusions of interest outside the UK, notably that users of buildings should be more involved in project briefing in order for the energy, health and productivity benefits to be effectively integrated. The paper also highlights the different perspectives held by clients, designers and users of green offices and how these alter the motivations at the genesis of a project. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Template‐Assisted Large‐Scale Ordered Arrays of ZnO Pillars for Optical and Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Fan Hong Jin , Lee Woo , Hauschild Robert , Alexe Marin , Le Rhun Gwenaël , Scholz Roland , Dadgar Armin , Nielsch Kornelius , Kalt Heinz , Krost Alois , Zacharias Margit , Gösele Ulrich
Published: March 2006

Spatially separated ZnO pillars, typically 300 nm in diameter and 2 μm in height, are fabricated via a template‐directed approach that leads to long‐range hexagonal order. The templates of Au nanodisk arrays are obtained by using metal membranes as a lithography mask. The growth of ZnO pillars is performed in a double‐tube system through vapor diffusion–deposition. The growth mechanism of the pillars is studied in detail and is proposed to be a combination of vapor–liquid–solid and vapor–solid models. The piezoelectric and optical properties of single pillars are characterized using piezoresponse force microscopy and micro‐photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The pillars show strong excitonic emissions up to room temperature, which indicate a relatively low defect density and good crystalline quality. The obtained piezoelectric coefficient d33 is (7.5±0.6) pm V−1, which is to our knowledge the first reported value for a single nanopillar.
Shaping ethics: Youth workers matter
Authors: Walker Joyce A. , Gran Cecilia F. , Curiel Arnoldo
Published: March 2006

The authors propose that if we expose youth workers to practice scenarios requiring ethical decision making, they can learn ways of intentionally and authentically modeling and transmitting ethical values to youth.
Ligand Bridged Heterodinuclear Transition Metal Complexes – Syntheses, Structures and Electrochemical Investigations
Authors: Escarpa Gaede Petra , van Wüllen Christoph
Published: February 2006

The syntheses of the homo‐ and hererobimetallic compounds [Ln1M(η5‐C5H4)CMe2(η5‐C9H6)2MLn] (2a‐5d), [(C9H7)CMe2(η5‐C5H4)Fe(η5‐C5H4)CMe2(η5‐C9H6)2MLn] (6a‐c), and [(η5‐C5H4)CMe2(η5‐C9H6)2MLn]2Fe (7a‐b) are reported with 1MLn = Rh(cod) 2, Ir(cod) 3, Mn(CO)3 4 and FeCp 5, 2MLn = Rh(cod) a, Ir(cod) b, Mn(CO)3 c and FeCp d, respectively. Crystal structures of 3a, 3b and 5c are described showing two different ligand conformations in form of two rotamers. The energetic difference between these both rotamers is insignificant small in the gas phase according to DFT calculations. The rotation barrier for the species has been determined to 23 kJ/mol. According to the absence of intermolecular interactions in the solid state, the preference for one of the conformers is deduced from packing effects. All complexes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The shift of the redox potentials with respect to the mononuclear reference systems is a suitable tool to determine intermetallic electronic interaction. For some compounds, the normal behaviour with an increasing separation of the redox potentials is observed. A second group of complexes shows the opposite behaviour with a decreasing in the potential differences. A mechanism of intramolecular catalytic oxidation is supposed for that species.
Structural and Physicochemical Characteristics of Tetrabutylammonium Tetrahalogenoferrates(III), [(C4H9)4N][FeBr4−nCln]
Authors: Wyrzykowski Dariusz , Kruszyński Rafał , Kucharska Urszula , Warnke Zygmunt
Published: February 2006

A series of tetrahalogenoferrates(III), [FeBr4−nCln]− (n=0‐4) stabilized with the tetrabutylammonium cation, of general formula [(C4H9)4N][FeBr4−nCln], has been synthesized. The crystal and molecular structure of [(C4H9)4N][FeCl4] was determined. The iron cation adopts slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination with two opposite angles smaller than tetrahedral one, two equal to tetrahedral and two larger than tetrahedral. The bond valences were computed. The total valence of iron atom is equal to 3.08. In the structure can be found only one hydrogen bond C(1)–H···Cl. Except mentioned there are no unusually intermolecular short contacts between ions existing in the structure. All [(C4H9)4N][FeBr4−nCln] (n=0‐4) compounds are isostructural in solid state.

On the basis of conductometric measurements, relative stabilities of the anions have been estimated in methanol (MeOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone (AC), acetonitrile (AN) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) representing both polar (including amphiprotic and aprotic) as well as non‐polar solvents. Further, the dissociation constants of the compounds were calculated from the expanded Pitt's conductivity equation. The results of the conductometric measurements were supported by electronic spectra.
Optimization of right ventricular lead position in cardiac resynchronisation therapy☆
Authors: Riedlbauchová Lucie , Ĉihaák Robert , Byteŝník Jan , Vanĉura Vlastimil , Frídl Petr , Hoŝkovaá Lenka , Kautzner Josef
Published: March 2006

Background

The benefit of biventricular pacing (BiV) may be substantially affected by optimal lead placement.

Aim

To evaluate the importance of right ventricular (RV) lead positioning on clinical outcome of BiV.

Methods and results

A total of 99 patients with symptomatic heart failure and implantation of BiV system were included. Position of the left‐ventricular (LV) lead was selected based on timing of local endocardial signal within the terminal portion of the QRS complex. RV lead was preferably positioned at the midseptum (n = 74, RVS group) where the earliest RV endocardial signal was recorded. A subgroup of patients had RV lead placed in the apex (n = 25, RVA group). NYHA class, maximum oxygen‐uptake (VO2max), LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD, mm) and ejection fraction were assessed every third month.

A trend towards greater improvement in NYHA class and significant increase in VO2max was present in the RVS group. Moreover, a significant decrease in LVEDD (ΔLVEDD) was observed in the RVS group only (− 3.4 ± 6.5 mm versus + 1.7 ± 6.4 mm in RVA group at 12 months, p = 0.004). No significant correlation between the degree of ΔLVEDD and QRS narrowing induced by BiV was found. LVEDD reduction was predominantly present in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions

Midseptal positioning of the RV lead appears to promote reverse LV remodelling during cardiac resynchronisation therapy.
Depressive symptoms are prominent among elderly hospitalised heart failure patients
Authors: Lesman‐Leegte Ivonne , Jaarsma Tiny , Sanderman Robbert , Linssen Gerard , van Veldhuisen Dirk J.
Published: March 2006

Background

There are limited data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalised elderly HF patients and demographic and clinical characteristics associated with depressive symptoms are not known.

Methods

A sample of 572 HF patients (61% male; age 71 ± 12 years; LVEF 34% ± 15) was recruited from 17 Dutch hospitals during HF admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the CES‐D. Demographic, clinical variables and HF symptoms were collected from patient chart and interview.

Results

Forty one percent of the patients had symptoms of depression with women significantly more often reporting depressive symptoms than men 48% vs. 36% (X2 = 8.1, p < 0.005). HF patients with depressive symptoms reported more clinical HF symptoms than patients without depressive symptoms. Even after deleting HF related symptoms (sleep disturbances and loss of appetite) from the CES‐D scale, 36% of patients were still found to have symptoms of depression. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms were associated with female gender (odds 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.48), COPD (odds 2.11, 95% CI 1.35–3.30), sleep disturbance (odds 3.45, 95% CI 2.03–5.85) and loss of appetite (odds 2.61, 95% CI 1.58–4.33).

Conclusions

Depressive symptoms are prominent in elderly hospitalised HF patients especially in women. Depressive symptoms are associated with more pronounced symptomatology, despite the fact that other indices of severity of left ventricular dysfunction are similar.
A review of homocysteine and heart failure
Authors: Herrmann Markus , Taban‐Shomal Omid , Hübner Ulrich , Böhm Michael , Herrmann Wolfgang
Published: March 2006

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Recently, plasma homocysteine (HCY) has been suggested to be increased in CHF patients potentially representing a newly recognized risk marker. This manuscript reviews the existing literature regarding hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and CHF. Clinical data indicate that HHCY is associated with an increased incidence of CHF as well as with the severity of the disease. Mechanistic studies of HHCY and CHF are rare. However, preliminary results suggest that HHCY causes adverse cardiac remodelling characterized by interstitial and perivascular fibrosis resulting in increased myocardial stiffness. In addition, HHCY seems to affect the pump function of the myocardium. The mechanisms leading from an elevated HCY level to reduced pump function and adverse cardiac remodelling are a matter of speculation. Existing data indicate that direct effects of HCY on the myocardium as well as NO independent vascular effects are involved. In conclusion, HHCY might be a potential aetiological factor in CHF. Future studies need to clarify the mechanistic role of HHCY in CHF as a useful paradigm with most interesting therapeutic implications, because HCY lowering therapy could favourably influence the prognosis in CHF patients.
The influence of sex on right ventricular dysfunction in patients with severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Muñoa Marta Domínguez , Martínez Esther , Fernández Miguel Angel García , García Eulogio
Published: March 2006

Aim:

To assess the influence of sex on right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Methods and results:

We studied 385 consecutive patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <0.35. All patients underwent invasive measurement of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures and evaluation of RVD by standard transthoracic echocardiography.

Female patients (n=84, 21.8%) were significantly older than male patients (62.0±11.4 vs. 58.2±10.7 years), p=0.005. The prevalence of RVD was lower in women (26.5%) than in men (38.9%), p=0.03; both in patients with and without coronary artery disease (19.4% vs. 34.5% and 31.9% vs. 44.4%, respectively). Haemodynamic parameters and LVEF were similar in men and women. Low LVEF, pulmonary systolic pressure, degree of mitral regurgitation, male sex, and absence of significant coronary artery disease were independently correlated with RVD.

Conclusion:

Women with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction have less RVD than men, despite similar haemodynamic parameters and LVEF.
Specificity in DNA recognition by a peptide from papillomavirus E2 protein
Authors: Faber-Barata Joana , Mohana-Borges Ronaldo , Lima Luís Maurício T.R.
Published: March 2006

The E2 proteins of papillomavirus specifically bind to double‐stranded DNA containing the consensus sequence ACCG‐N4‐CGGT, where N is any nucleotide. Here, we show the binding and recognition of dissimilar DNA sequences by an 18 amino‐acid peptide (α1E2), which corresponds to the DNA‐recognition helix, α‐helix‐1. Isothermal DNA binding assays performed with the DNA consensus sequence show saturable curves with α1E2 peptide, and the α1E2 peptide is converted to an ordered conformation upon complexation. Measurements performed with non‐specific DNA sequence fail to saturate, a behavior characteristic of non‐specific binding. Binding of the α1E2 peptide to these DNA sequences display a different counter‐ion dependence, indicating a dissimilar, sequence‐dependent mechanism of interaction. Quantitative stoichiometric measurements revealed the specificity in α1E2 peptide recognition of the ACCG half‐site, demonstrating capacity for discrimination of nucleic acid bases sequences without the need of a whole protein architecture.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate protects toluene diisocyanate‐induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Kim Seung-Hun , Park Hee-Ju , Lee Chang-Min , Choi Il-Whan , Moon Dong-Oh , Roh Hwan-Jung , Lee Hern-Ku , Park Yeong-Min
Published: March 2006

Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a major form of tea catechin, has anti‐allergic properties. To elucidate the anti‐allergic mechanisms of EGCG, we investigated its regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐9) expression in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)‐inhalation lung tissues as well as TNF‐α and Th2 cytokine (IL‐5) production in BAL fluid. Compared with untreated asthmatic mice those administrated with EGCG had significantly reduced asthmatic reaction. Also, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by TDI inhalation was diminished by administration of EGCG in BAL fluid. These results suggest that EGCG regulates inflammatory cell migration possibly by suppressing MMP‐9 production and ROS generation, and indicate that EGCG may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for bronchial asthma.
Target strength of the lanternfish, Stenobrachius leucopsarus (family Myctophidae), a fish without an airbladder, measured in the Bering Sea
Authors: Yasuma Hiroki , Takao Yoshimi , Sawada Kouichi , Miyashita Kazushi , Aoki Ichiro
Published: March 2006

This paper reports theoretical values of target strength (TS) for the lanternfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus, a fish without an airbladder, which dominates the Subarctic marine mesopelagic fish community. Two models for liquid-like slender bodies, the general prolate-spheroid model (PSM) and the deformed-cylinder model (DCM), were used to compute the TS of the fish relative to its orientation. The relative mass density g and the sound speed h in seawater were measured and used in both models. To confirm the appropriateness of the models, tethered experimental measurements were carried out at 38 kHz for five specimens. The value of g measured by the density-bottle method was very low (1.002–1.009) compared with that of marine fish in general. The value of h measured by the time-average approach was 1.032–1.039 at the water temperature at which S. leucopsarus is found. TS-fluctuation patterns against fish orientation (the TS pattern) estimated from the DCM and PSM were in good agreement in the area of their main lobes. Both models reproduced the main lobes of the measured TS patterns in near-horizontal orientation (<±20°), and they were considered to be effective in measuring the TS of S. leucopsarus in a horizontal (swimming) position. After these comparative experiments, we computed the TS of 57 fish (27.8–106.9 mm) at 38, 70, 120, and 200 kHz, using the DCM. A plot of body length (in log scale) against TS showed a non-linear relationship at all frequencies. S. leucopsarus had a very low TS (<−85 dB, TScm), suggesting that acoustic assessment would be highly sensitive, especially when the proportion of small fish is high (e.g. L/λ < 2), and an appropriate frequency should be considered that takes into account both the length composition and the depth of occurrence.
The effect of coastal topography on the spatial structure of anchovy and sardine
Authors: Giannoulaki Marianna , Machias Athanassios , Koutsikopoulos Constantin , Somarakis Stylianos
Published: March 2006

Acoustic-survey data from 1995 to 2004 (six acoustic surveys in summer and two in winter) in the Aegean and Ionian Seas (eastern Mediterranean Sea) were analysed to investigate the spatial organization of European anchovy and European sardine populations. The potential effect of certain topographic characteristics (e.g. area, bottom depth, and the degree of land enclosure) on the spatial structure of the fish was studied in different geographic subareas (i.e. how topography affects the organization of fish into clusters of schools). Parameters calculated by geostatistical techniques were used as descriptors of the spatial organization. The results indicate the significant effect of area and land enclosure on the spatial structures of both species, suggesting that environmental spatial heterogeneity attributable to coastal topography affected the way fish schools were organized into aggregations. In summer, the spatial structure of sardine was more heterogeneous in subareas with increased land enclosure, whereas the spatial structure of anchovy was not significantly related to any of the area characteristics examined. In winter, the spatial structure of both species was more heterogeneous in subareas with increased enclosure and in small rather than larger subareas. The findings are discussed in terms of the species' response to their environment.
Pollock (Pollachius virens) stock structure in the Canadian Maritimes inferred from mark-recapture studies
Authors: Neilson John D. , Stobo Wayne T. , Perley Peter
Published: March 2006

The current management unit for pollock on the Canadian Atlantic coast is large compared with other gadoid resources, and includes the Scotian Shelf, the Bay of Fundy, and the Canadian portion of Georges Bank. Based on an analysis of mark-recapture studies conducted in the Canadian Maritimes and off southwestern Newfoundland and a review of other published studies providing data relevant to stock identification, the stock structure of pollock in Canadian Atlantic waters was re-assessed. The analysis also includes a novel method for using the spatial distribution of standardized fishing effort to predict the distribution of tag returns. It is concluded that three stocks co-occur within the current management unit. The larger population components exist in the western Scotian Shelf (including the eastern Bay of Fundy) and on the eastern Scotian Shelf. There is a coastal population in the western Gulf of Maine that overlaps into Canadian waters, but its size is likely to be relatively small. There is a need to revise the current management unit boundaries to protect the eastern Scotian Shelf stock, which on the basis of growth rate data, appears to be the least productive component of the pollock resource in Canadian Atlantic waters.
Voices of Diversity in Midwifery: A Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Kennedy Holly Powell , Erickson‐Owens Debra , Davis Jo Anne P.
Published: March 2006

The practice of midwifery reflects the spectrum of diversity among midwives and the women they serve, yet the composition of midwives in ACNM does not reflect the diversity of the women for whom they provide care. Providing culturally appropriate care for women requires our best understanding of their beliefs, needs, and desires; it also requires a wide range of diverse clinicians. This study proposed to learn more about the practice of midwifery from a diverse sample of midwives. A qualitative research design, which included small group interviews, videotape collection of data, and content analysis, was used. Four major themes were identified: 1) the worldview of midwifery through the lens of diversity, 2) the experience of diversity, 3) midwifery strategies rooted in diversity, and 4) the legacy for the profession of midwifery. There must be purposeful action by every individual in the profession, as well as the collective voice of midwifery, to identify barriers to inclusiveness and to foster a culture of diversity through respect, recruitment, and mentoring.
Participation in Prenatal Care in the Paso del Norte Border Region: The Influence of Acculturation
Authors: Fullerton Judith T. , Bader Julia , Nelson Carlene , Shannon Rachel
Published: March 2006

Women who resided on the El Paso, Texas/Juarez, Mexico border (the Paso del Norte region) were surveyed to determine the barriers and facilitators to receiving early and adequate prenatal care. Postpartum interviews and medical chart abstractions were conducted among 493 Hispanic women. Primary facilitators were all factors that made prenatal care services more accessible to women and a priority among other issues competing for time and resources. The factors reported by these women as barriers to timely entry and sustaining enrollment in prenatal care were related to the availability of social support networks and affiliation with the Mexican/Hispanic culture (acculturation).
Predictors of Successful Pessary Fitting and Continued Use in a Nurse‐Midwifery Pessary Clinic
Authors: Maito Jennifer M. , Quam Zellisha A. , Craig Ellen , Dannerq Kara A. , Rogers Rebecca G.
Published: March 2006

Women with incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse presenting to an urogynecology service were offered referral to a dedicated midwifery pessary clinic. Charts of these women were reviewed for demographic information, physical examination, pelvic floor disorders, and details of pessary‐fitting sessions. Successful fitting was defined as a comfortable fit and retention of the pessary with valsalva and voiding. Continuation was defined as a successfully fit patient who returned at least once after the initial fitting with the pessary still in use. Spearman's correlations identified variables associated with successful fitting and continuation of use. Logistic regression identified variables that predicted continued use. Eighty‐six percent of women were successfully fit, and 89% continued pessary use for a mean of 6 months. Predictors of unsuccessful fitting included a history of a prior prolapse procedure or hysterectomy (P ≤ .001). Severe posterior prolapse was associated with pessary discontinuation after adjustment for patient's age (P < .04). Success rates for treatment of stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, or both were not significantly different (success rates of 94%, 89%, and 81%, respectively; P = .50). Predictors of unsuccessful pessary fitting include history of a prior prolapse procedure and hysterectomy. Severe posterior prolapse was the single predictor of pessary discontinuation.
Satisfaction With Planned Place of Birth Among Midwifery Clients in British Columbia
Authors: Janssen Patricia A. , Carty Elaine A. , Reime Birgit
Published: March 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare satisfaction with the birth experience among a population of women planning birth at home versus in hospital. In British Columbia, Canada, all midwives offer women meeting eligibility requirements for homebirth the choice to give birth in hospital or at home. Therefore, satisfaction can be attributed to planned place of birth, as the caregivers were the same in both settings. The mean overall score on the Labour Agentry Scale among women who had planned a homebirth (n = 550), 188.49 ± 16.85, was significantly higher than those who planned birth in hospital (n = 108), 176.60 ± 23.79; P < .001. Overall satisfaction with the birth experience was higher among women planning birth at home, 4.87 ± 0.42 versus 4.80 ± 0.49 on a scale of 1 to 5, although this difference was not statistically significant; P = .06. Among women whose actual place of birth was congruent with where they had planned, overall satisfaction was higher in the homebirth group, 4.95 ± 0.20 versus 4.75 ± 0.53; P < .001. Although satisfaction with the birth experience was high in both the home and hospital settings, women planning birth at home were somewhat more satisfied with their experience, particularly if they were able to complete the birth at home.
A Comparison of “Hands Off” Versus “Hands On” Techniques for Decreasing Perineal Lacerations During Birth
Authors: de Souza Adriana , da Costa Caroci , Riesco Maria Luiza Gonzalez
Published: March 2006

Our goal was to determine the frequency, degree, and location of perineal lacerations and the neonatal outcomes associated with the use of two techniques of perineal protection—expectant (“hands off) and interventionist (“hands on”)—during childbirth. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two techniques for perineum protection during spontaneous delivery. Study participants included 70 nulliparous expectant mothers, who were divided equally between the “hands off and “hands on” groups (n = 35 per group). Perineal laceration occurred in 81.4% of the women. Among these, first‐degree lacerations were predominant (82.5%). Lacerations in the anterior and posterior regions of the perineum occurred with similar frequencies. Laceration rates did not differ between the “hands off and “hands on” groups (P > .05). Neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups. The use of “hands off technique of perineal protection does not alter the frequency or degree of perineal lacerations in childbirth, relative to a “hands on” technique.
Swan Neck Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand
Authors: Welsh R. Peter , Hastings David E.
Published: March 2006

Swan neck deformity is not a single entity. Significantly different types of swan neck deformity are found, each demanding careful clinical evaluation and specialised treatment. This paper discusses the pathomechanics of swan neck deformity and presents a classification upon which rational treatment can be based. The surgical treatment of each variant is briefly outlined.
Arthritis of the Trapezial Articulations Treated by Prosthetic Replacement
Authors: Lister Graham D. , Kleinert Harold E. , Kutz Joseph E. , Atasoy Erdogan
Published: March 2006

This paper reviews experience with thirty-six trapezial replacements over a period of six years. The indications for replacement are given, the group of patients analysed and the technique outlined, with particular attention given to tendinous reinforcement of the capsular repair. The results with regard to pain, dislocation and other complications are recorded. The causes of dislocation and its prevention are discussed.
Interposition Arthroplasty of the Carpo-Metacarpal Joint of the Thumb
Authors: Crawford Gary P.
Published: March 2006

Nine patients with osteoarthrosis of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb were treated surgically with the metacarpo-trapezial silicone rubber prosthesis designed by Kessler. Patients with pantrapezoidal changes were specifically excluded. All patients at follow-up had chronic synovitis and in five the prosthesis was dislocated. In three patients who had revision operations the previously inserted prostheses were found to be badly torn.
Hand Assessment — A Realistic Reappraisal
Authors: Peskett E. B.
Published: March 2006

In order to evaluate surgical procedures practised on the rheumatoid hand, assessment of hand function, both before and after surgery, must be made on a practical basis rather than a mathematical one.
Dorsal Silicone Rods in the Primary Care of War Injuries
Authors: Engel J. , Tsur C. , Farine I. , Horoshowsky H.
Published: March 2006

During armed combat serious hand injuries are often neglected only to receive the attention they deserve far too late. The authors have employed a vigorous approach to the primary care of severe war injuries to dorsum of the hand introducing silicone rods where extensor tendons have been destroyed and where skin closure is obtained using inguinal skin flaps.
The Place of Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Reconstructive Hand Surgery
Authors: Conolly W. Bruce , Berry F. R.
Published: March 2006

Seventy reconstructive operations on the hand were done with the patient's full co-operation during the procedure. Anæsthesia was provided by a peripheral nerve block at the level of the wrist or the metacarpo-phalangeal joint. This technique enabled the surgeon to estimate the required extent of such operations as tenolysis, arthrolysis, arthroplasty, and tendon graft. It also helped the patient to appreciate the movement he could achieve post-operatively.
Delayed Rupture of Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon Following Closed Injury
Authors: Simpson R. G.
Published: March 2006

Closed rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon is most often seen following lower radial fractures, but is uncommon in the absence of fracture. Redden has recently described rupture following rotational injury of the forearm.

I wish to record three cases of closed delayed rupture following direct injury to the area of the tendon.
Anomalous Muscle Belly of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis in two Generations
Authors: Christensen Steen
Published: March 2006

A girl, her mother and her mother's sister are reported showing a digastric flexor superficialis to the index finger with no neurological signs. Two had bilateral muscles.
Anterior Interosseous Nerve Paralysis
Authors: Maeda Keizo , Miura Takayuki , Komada Toshiaki , Chiba Akiyasu
Published: March 2006

Fifty-six cases of anterior interosseous nerve paralysis including our thirteen cases were collected by reviewing the Japanese literature. The causes of the paralysis were similar to those in the cases reported in other countries. Paralysis is often only partial, and this is of importance in the differential diagnosis.
Macrodactylism—A Review and Proposed Management
Authors: Boyes James G.
Published: March 2006

A discussion of the history, clinical types and treatment of macrodactylism, illustrated by five cases.
Haemangioma of Adductor Pollicis
Authors: Chen Vernon T.
Published: March 2006

A case is reported of muscle haemangioma, presenting as a painful subcutaneous swelling on the palm of the left hand treated by surgical excision.
Osteochondromatosis of the Finger Joints
Authors: Ishizuki Masafumi , Isobe Yutaka , Arai Takakazu , Nagatsuka Yutaka , Tanabe Kenkichi , Okumura Shinji
Published: March 2006

Two cases of osteochondromatosis of finger joints are reported.
Tendon Junction: A New Technique
Authors: Khin Pe
Published: March 2006

A modification of the interlacing techniques for joining a slender graft to a larger motor tendon is described.
Opposition Replacement: Illustrated by a New Technique
Authors: Khin Pe
Published: March 2006

A modification of le Coeur's method of restoring opposition of the thumb is described. An outrigger is built upon the thumb metacarpal to give a suitable direction of force, an enhanced mechanical advantage and an improved appearance.
The Use of Palmaris Lqngus Tendon to Stabilise Trapezium Implants
Authors: Jackson I. T. , St. Onge R. A.
Published: March 2006

A method of stabilising trapezium implants using the palmaris longus tendon is described. It gives a stable result with good movement in the short term.
Split Thickness Hypothenar Grafts for Skin Defects of the Hand
Authors: Mosher John F.
Published: March 2006

Split thickness hypothenar grafts provide excellent coverage for fingertips as well as other areas of the hand. The method is simple and readily applied in the emergency room with little additional equipment.
Vacuum Splintage of the Hand
Authors: Ward C. M.
Published: March 2006

As a result of a previous trial in which factors influencing swelling of the hand after fasciectomy were studied it was found that unacceptable oedema occurred in hands elevated in a roller towel by night and a high sling by day. An alternative system of elevation in a vacuum splint was investigated and found to reduce post-operative oedema. The advantages and disadvantages of the vacuum splint in the management of the hand after surgery or injury are discussed.
Dislocation of the Carpal Scaphoid
Authors: Murakami Yukitomo
Published: March 2006

A case of dislocation of the carpal scaphoid treated by open reduction is presented and discussed in relation to carpal instability after reduction.
Angiomatosis of the Metacarpal Skeleton
Authors: Tuñon J. Blanco , Gonzalez F. Perez
Published: March 2006

We present a case of a tumour of the right hand. After carrying out a biopsy it was diagnosed as skeletal angiomatosis which, considering the marked osteolysis present, falls within the description of Gorham's disease.

The three bones concerned in the tumour were excised and replaced with a bone graft, and the metacarpophalangeal joints preserved with Swanson prostheses.
Digital Replantation And Revascularisation. A Long Term Review Of One Hundred Cases
Authors: Morrison W. A. , O'brien B. Mcc. , Macleod A. M.
Published: March 2006

summary

An analysis of 130 cases of digital revascularisation and replantation with an attempt to correlate case selection and management to survival and results.
The Determinants Of Flexor Tendon Fibrosis Following Trauma: An Experimental Study In Rabbits
Authors: Watson Michael
Published: March 2006

summary

Twenty-six rabbits were subjected to various types of forepaw flexor tendon laceration. After two weeks the tendons were examined. Fibrosis was densest around the proximal stump of the divided profundus tendon. Double partial transverse nicks, designed to induce local ischaemia, caused no more fibrosis than a single longitudinal slit of the same length. Rendering the proximal stump ischaemic with a snare caused no increase in fibrosis. It was concluded that movement and tissue trauma are more important than ischaemia in determining the degree of fibrosis around the injured flexor tendon in the rabbit forepaw.
Restoration of Opposition of the Thumb
Authors: Jensen E. Gert
Published: March 2006

summary

During the period 1966–75 operation to restore thumb opposition was performed in thirty four patients. Out of twenty seven patients who could be traced, twenty one had obtained a satisfactory result, five had considerably improved, while one had to be classified as a failure. Complications from the operation and the motor tendon are discussed. Among 147 cases with injury to the median nerve treated during the same period, operation to obtain opposition was indicated in 14%.
Compression Of The Deep Palmar Branch Of The Ulnar Nerve By The Arch Of The Adductor Pollicis
Authors: Comtet J. J. , Quicot L. , Moyen B.
Published: March 2006

summary

A case of palsy of the distal part of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve is described. The possibility of an entrapment by the arch of the adductor poilicis is discussed. Anatomical features of this arch are reported.
Fracture Of The Hook Of The Hamate Presenting As Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Manske Paul R.
Published: March 2006

summary

This case report of a fracture of the hook of the hamate presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome emphasizes the importance of a careful physical examination, the necessity for a carpal tunnel roentgenogram and a high degree of suspicion by the surgeon in patients with symptoms of median nerve compression following trauma to the wrist.
Bone Density And The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Schorn Denys , Hoskinson James , Dickson Robert A.
Published: March 2006

summary

Bone density was studied in ten patients before and after release of an idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. A corticomedullary ratio was measured at the mid-point of the metacarpals and proximal phalanges of both hands. There was a significant increase in the mean bone density over the period of observation in the thumb and middle finger metacarpals and in the index, middle, and ring finger proximal phalanges of the operated hand. Ther was no significant increase in the density of either metacarpal or proximal phalanx on the non-operated side. Release of the carpal tunnel syndrome provides not only symptomatic relief but also leads to increased bone density.
Brachydactyly
Authors: Chen Vernon T.
Published: March 2006

summary

Four different types of Brachydactyly are presented and the incidence of Crooked Finger investigated.
Metacarpal Shortening
Authors: Stern H. S. , Lloyd G. J.
Published: March 2006

summary

A case of Psoriatic Arthritis with disabling flexion deformities at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers is described. Skeletal shortening decreased the deformity and improved the function.
Findings Of Hand Anomaly Associated With Pectoral Muscle Anomaly
Authors: Miura Takayuki
Published: March 2006

summary

In the present series, the author studied anomalies of the hand associated with a pectoral muscle anomaly.
Acute Flexor Tenosynovitis Caused By Gonococcal Infection A Case Report
Authors: Rosenfeld Nachman , Kurzer Alberto
Published: March 2006

summary

Gonococcal infection of tendon synovial sheath is discussed. A case of acute gonococcal flexor tenosynovitis without joint involvement is presented.
Tooth Fragment In A Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Hooper Geoffrey
Published: March 2006

summary

A patient with septic arthritis and a retained tooth fragment in a metacarpophalangeal joint is described. The case illustrates the mechanism of the initial injury.
Dupuytren's Disease — the Influence Of Occupation and Previous Hand Injuries
Authors: Mikkelsen Otto A.
Published: March 2006

summary

The influence of handedness, work and previous hand trauma is studied in 901 persons with Dupuytren's disease, collected in an epidemiological study of 15,950 citizens in a small, Norwegian town. Dupuytren's disease occurred in all occupational groups, but the prevalence was higher and the contracture more severe in people doing hard manual work than in people doing light or non manual work. Persons with Dupuytren's disease had sustained previous hand trauma more frequently than the general population, and the interval between trauma and first sign of disease was usually a few years. Previous hand injuries were definitely more common among people doing hard manual work, but even when these were excluded from the material, Dupuytren's disease was still more common among people doing hard manual work, than in people doing light or non manual work. The study has indicated that Dupuytren's disease in certain cases is precipitated and/or aggravated by both hard work and definite hand injury.
The Length Of Flexor Tendon Grafts
Authors: Mayou B. J. , Harrison S. H.
Published: March 2006

The distance between the origin of the lumbrical muscle and the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon was measured at surgery in forty-eight patients. It was found that this distance was predictable and could be estimated without measurement prior to operation. A standard technique of flexor tendon grafting is described where this distance equals the length of the tendon graft.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Due To Thrombosed Persisting Median Artery. A Case Report
Authors: Eilat M. Levy , Pauker M.
Published: March 2006

Surgical intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome in a seventy year old woman revealed thrombosis of a double persisting median artery. The persisting median artery is a rare anomaly and its association with a thrombotic process to cause carpal tunnel syndrome is even rarer. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a widely-known phenomenon about which much has been written in the medical literature. A persisting median artery accompanying the nerve into the carpal tunnel is uncommon, occurring in only about 10% of such cases (Pecket, 1973) and thrombosis of such an artery as a cause for carpal tunnel syndrome is very rare (Burnham, 1963; DeAbreu & Godoy Moreira, 1958). We describe a case in which thrombosis of a double persisting median artery was discovered to be the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome at operation.
The Anatomy Of The Space Of Guyon
Authors: Denman Eric E
Published: March 2006

The anatomy of the space of Guyon is reviewed in detail, its superior hiatus is emphasised, and a plea is made for a more exact nomenclature of the region.
Ulnar Neuropathies In Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Upton A. R. M. , Darracott J. , Bianchi F. A.
Published: March 2006

A loss of functional motor axons in the median and ulnar nerves occurred in half of thirty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Weakness of small hand muscles may predispose to the development of ulnar deviation of the fingers in patients with joint disease at the radio-ulnar and metacarpophalangeal joints. There is no evidence that spasm of small hand muscles is a significant cause of ulnar deviation of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis. Ulnar deviation of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis is not due to selective impairment of the ulnar nerve or the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve even though ulnar deviation of the fingers can occur in association with such lesions and in the absence of joint disease.
Saint Anthony'S Fire Or Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Authors: Fitzgerald Brian
Published: March 2006

A case of unilateral upper limb ischaemia from ergot overdosage is presented. An unusual feature was a median nerve neuropathy suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome. The arteriographic appearances are demonstrated and management discussed.
Racquet Player's Pisiform
Authors: Helal B.
Published: March 2006

Four patients whose sport involved wielding a racquet presented with symptoms at the base of the hypothenar eminence which were due to minor degrees of subluxation of the pisiform. In two there was in addition a chondromalacia of the articular cartilage of the joint.
The Treatment Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Hand
Authors: Forsythe Roy L. , Bajaj Param , Engeron O'neil , Shadid Edward A.
Published: March 2006

This paper is a review of a series of forty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hand. The various forms of treatment carried out are outlined and the results reported.
Planning Treatment of the Rheumatoid Hand
Authors: Souter William A.
Published: March 2006

A detailed assessment of the patient as a whole is an essential pre-requisite to the successful planning and execution of surgical treatment of the rheumatoid hand. In particular the decision whether or not to operate must emerge from a careful weighing of the severity of the patient's symptoms, signs and physical disability against the benefits which are likely to accrue from surgical treatment assessed in relation to the patient's own individual requirements.

The author presents his personal reflections on the relative merits of the commonly used surgical procedures with reference to their ability to relieve pain, restore function, achieve cosmetic improvement, and prevent further damage, while at the same time carrying minimal risk of further damage to the already impaired function of the hand.

Finally, the philosophy which should govern the surgeon – patient relationship during the management of a chronic progressive disease is examined. That it is absolutely essential to establish a sound rapport from early in the surgical programme is strongly emphasised. Some guidelines as to the design of the programme are also provided.
Abnormal Dermatoglyphics in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Authors: Casey Pamela A. , Ger Errol
Published: March 2006

Dermatoglyphic abnormalities have been found in patients with arthrogryposis multiple congenita. These unusual features, which appear to be pathognomonic, indicate an early prenatal pathogenesis and may aid in differential diagnosis.
Trapezio-Metacarpal Arthroplasty by Total Prosthesis
Authors: De La Caffiniere J. Y. , Aucouturier P.
Published: March 2006

Thirty-four total trapezio-matacarpal prostheses have been fitted since 1971. Twenty-eight have had a follow-up for more than six months (up to a maximum of five years) and allow a valid assessment of the situation.

The operations were undertaken for rheumatoid, osteoarthritic disease, and following trauma. The reasons were either pain, mechanical instability, or stiffness. Two out of three times results were good. The best results were obtained for pain and stability. Those where the indication was stiffness were less satisfying. There were five cases of loosening of the trapezial cup due to operative errors. The mediocre results in general are caused by incomplete treatment allowing an associated lesion to develop. Greater strictness in the indications and in carrying out of operation ought to ensure better results.
Translunate Scapho-Radial Fracture
Authors: Noble J. , Lamb D. W.
Published: March 2006

A rare fracture of the carpus is described, which illustrates the importance of treating the patient, rather than the X-ray.
Surgical Correction of the Hand in Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
Authors: Gough M. J. , Page R. E.
Published: March 2006

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (polydysplastic type) is a rare congenital skin anomaly which, in the hands, because they are exposed to repeated trauma, results in a severe “mitten”-like deformity. Functional benefit was obtained in three patients by separation of the digits and application of split-thickness grafts, Wolfe grafts or “split-off” (epidermis) grafts. Arthrodesis of the interphalangeal joints and filleting of the little finger to provide a flap which could be turned in to the palm, resulted in an improvement in hand function.
The Neuro Vascular Flap in Finger Tip Injuries
Authors: Biddulph S. L.
Published: March 2006

The Kutler technique to restore skin cover in finger tip injuries was modified by mobilising the lateral triangular flap completely on its neuro-vascular bundle. Resultant increased mobility permitted greater advancement of the flap to allow adequate cover of the denuded finger tip. A unilateral flap is often sufficient.
Management of the Viable Soft Tissue Cover in Degloving Injuries
Authors: Elliott Ray A. , Hoehn James G. , Stayman J. Webster
Published: March 2006

A new method of management of pure degloving injuries has been presented. Return of the distally based flap to its bed without longitudinal tension, use of a temporary biological dressing to protect exposed structures, and early, delayed repair of the residual defect are suggested. The improved survival of the flap and earlier rehabilitation of the patient have been gratifying.