bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beneficios físicos, intrapersonales e interpersonales de las intervenciones en el patio de recreo en educación primaria
Authors: Méndez-Giménez A.
Published: July 2020

Las tasas de sedentarismo y obesidad infantil preocupan a nivel internacional. En España existe un incremento alarmante de obesidad infanto-juvenil, que alcanza el 15.9% en niños de 6 a 9 años. La escolarización obligatoria tiene el potencial de paliar esta pandemia y de promover hábitos activos entre los escolares con un esfuerzo y coste relativamente bajos. Para ello es preciso implementar programas de intervención y estrategias eficaces. El presente estudio revisa la evidencia de investigación que ha analizado el impacto de las intervenciones durante los periodos de recreo aplicadas en educación primaria en la dimensión física (actividad física), intrapersonal (p. ej., motivación, comportamiento, actitudes) e interpersonal (p. ej., relación social). Los programas multicomponente (varias estrategias de intervención) y aquellos que atienden a diversos estratos de factores influyentes resultan más eficaces y completos que las intervenciones unicomponente (solo una estrategia). Se sugieren implicaciones prácticas para gestores y docentes de centros escolares.

The increase in sedentary and child obesity rates worries internationally. Data from Spain reveal an alarming increase in the prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity, which reaches 15.9% in children aged 6 to 9 years. Compulsory schooling has the potential to alleviate this pandemic and to promote active habits among all schoolchildren, with a relatively low effort and cost. This requires the implementation of intervention programs and effective strategies. This study reviews the research evidence that has analyzed the impact of interventions on recess time applied in primary schools not only at a physical level (physical activity) but also at the intrapersonal (e.g., motivation, behavior, individual attitudes, etc.) and interpersonal level (e.g., social relationship).  It is concluded that multi-component programs (several intervention strategies) and those that serve different strata of influencing factors are more effective and complete than uni-component interventions (only one strategy). Finally, practical implications are suggested for principals and teachers.
Relación entre la práctica de actividad física y el apoyo social percibido de los adolescentes de la provincia de Soria
Authors: Sanz-Martín D. , Ruiz-Tendero G. , Fernández-García E.
Published: July 2020

Existe cierta preocupación social por conocer los niveles de práctica de actividad física de los adolescentes, para poder llevar a cabo propuestas de mejora si fuera necesario. Este estudio fue diseñado con la finalidad de conocer esos niveles de los adolescentes de Soria y el apoyo social que perciben para su práctica, tanto de familiares como de amigos, en función del sexo del alumnado, e identificar el tipo de relación existente entre su práctica y la percepción del apoyo social. La muestra estuvo formada por 694 adolescentes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de la provincia de Soria, a los cuales se les administró Four by one day physical activity questionnaire, parent support scale y peer support scale. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de actividad física y de apoyo social en función del sexo del alumnado y se obtuvo correlación significativa entre estos niveles y el apoyo percibido.

There is a social concern about knowing the levels of physical activity practice of adolescents, in order to carry out improvement proposals if necessary. This study was designed with the purpose of getting to know those levels of adolescents of Soria and the social support they perceive for their practice, from family and friends, depending on the gender of the students, and identifying the type of relationship between their practice and social support perceived. The sample selected was 694 adolescents of Compulsory Secondary Education from the province of Soria, to whom Four by one day physical activity questionnaire, parent support scale and peer support scale, were administered. The results showed significant differences in physical activity levels and social support according to the gender of the students and a significant correlation has been obtained between these levels and the support perceived.
Evaluación de la calidad de la Educación Física en la ciudad de Shahriar según el modelo SERVQUAL
Authors: Monazami A. , Karami F. , Shahbazi M.
Published: July 2020

El objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de la educación física en las escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de Shahriar utilizando el modelo SERVQUAL. La muestra consistió en 336 (217 hombres y 119 mujeres) estudiantes de secundaria de Shahriar en 2019-2020. La distribución de los alumnos fue: 166 alumnos (49.4%) de décimo grado, 132 alumnos (39.5%) de undécimo grado y 38 alumnos (11.1%) de duodécimo grado. El instrumento utilizado fue una adaptación del cuestionario SERVQUAL, con el título "Calidad de servicio en educación física" (alfa de Cronbach=0.949). Los datos se analizaron con SPSS 16. La calidad de los servicios educativos deseables fue significativamente (p<0.01) mayor que la calidad de los servicios educativos disponibles en todas las dimensiones estudiadas: elementos tangibles, fiabilidad, sensibilidad, seguridad, empatía. Para los estudiantes de décimo grado, la dimensión más importante fue la de elementos tangibles y la menos importante fue la de sensibilidad. Para los estudiantes de undécimo grado, la dimensión más importante fue la de seguridad y la menos importante la sensibilidad. Para los estudiantes de duodécimo grado, la dimensión más importante fue la de seguridad y la menos importante la de empatía. Los resultados de este estudio pueden usarse para mejorar la calidad de la educación en los centros educativos, particularmente en Educación Física.

The objective was to assess the quality of Physical Education in secondary schools of Shahriar city using the SERVQUAL model. The sample consisted of 336 (217 males and 119 females) secondary school students of Shahriar in 2019-2020. The distribution of the students was: 166 students (49.4%) of tenth grade, 132 students (39.5%) of eleventh grade and 38 students (11.1%) of twelfth grade. An adaptation of SERVQUAL questionnaire was the instrument used, with the title “Quality of Service in Physical Education” (Cronbach's alpha=0.949). Data were analyzed with SPSS 16. The quality of the desirable educational services was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the quality of the available educational services in all the dimensions studied: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy. For tenth grade students, the most important dimension was tangibles and the least important was responsiveness. For eleventh grade students, the most important dimension was assurance and the least important was responsiveness. For twelfth grade students, the most important dimension was assurance and the least important was empathy. The findings of this study can be used to improve education quality in schools, particularly in Physical Education.
Impacto de la estabilidad en el rendimiento de los clubes de fútbol de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico
Authors: Hosseini Keshtan M. , Fazel Bakhsheshi M. , Zareian H. , Reihani M.
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el impacto de la estabilidad/inestabilidad en el rendimiento de los clubes de fútbol de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico. Todos los clubes que habían participado en más de 3 temporadas de las últimas 17 temporadas (2001-2019) de la Copa del Golfo Pérsico fueron analizados en este estudio (n=26). El rendimiento de cada equipo (mejora o empeoramiento en el ranking) y su estabilidad se analizaron año tras año en el período 2001-2019. La estabilidad se dividió en cuatro componentes: director, entrenador, jugadores y club. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS. La estabilidad aumentó significativamente (p<0.05) el rendimiento y la inestabilidad disminuyó significativamente (p<0.05) el rendimiento de los clubes en los cuatro componentes estudiados: director, entrenador, jugadores y club. Por lo tanto, se espera que los resultados de este estudio animen a los clubes de fútbol iraníes a aumentar su estabilidad.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of stability/instability on the performance of Persian Gulf Pro League football clubs. All the clubs that had participated in more than 3 seasons of the last 17 seasons (2001-2019) of the Persian Gulf Pro League were analyzed in this study (n=26). The performance of each team (improvement or worsening in ranking) and their stability were analyzed year after year in the period 2001-2019. The stability was divided in four components: CEO, head coach, players and club. The statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS. Stability significantly (p<0.05) increased performance and instability significantly (p<0.05) decreased performance of the clubs in the four components studied: CEO, head coach, players and club. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study encourage Iranian football clubs to increase their stability.
LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU POUVOIR D’AGIR EN CONTEXTE DE SOUTIEN À DOMICILE DES PERSONNES AGÉES : EXAMEN DE LA PORTÉE DES CONNAISSANCES
Authors: Bélanger Louise , Rouiller Murielle , Bourque Denis , Lemelin Lucie , Benoit Monique , Robitaille Émilie
Published: July 2020

Le développement du pouvoir d’agir est un moyen d’émancipation des individus. Il se réalise lorsque ceux-ci identifient ce qui est important pour eux, leurs obstacles et leurs ressources, construisent les conditions de soutien et les alliances nécessaires pour atteindre leurs objectifs et s’expriment sur l’expérience de changement. Cette démarche serait utile lors de l’accompagnement des aînés ayant besoin de soutien à domicile. Un examen de la portée des connaissances concernant le développement du pouvoir d’agir en contexte de soutien à domicile a été réalisé afin de comprendre comment cette démarche est conçue et appliquée. Le cadre méthodologique d’Arksey et O’Malley (2005) a été utilisé. Parmi 648 articles retracés dans sept bases de données, neuf études se sont avérées pertinentes. Il ressort de cette démarche que peu de chercheurs s’intéressent explicitement au développement du pouvoir d’agir dans un tel contexte. Toutefois, il apparaît utile de se préoccuper des besoins des aînés, de leurs ressources, des obstacles auxquels ils sont confrontés et de ce qu’ils ont compris de l’expérience de changement. Devant ces constats, des études supplémentaires, réalisées à ce sujet en collaboration avec la population concernée, s’avèrent nécessaires.
LES LOGIQUES DE LA PARTICIPATION DES JEUNES. L’EXEMPLE DE LA MISE EN OEUVRE D’UN CONSEIL DE JEUNES
Authors: Lambert Sara , Molgat Marc
Published: July 2020

Bien qu’il semble y avoir consensus quant à l’importance de faire participer les jeunes et que les initiatives qui tentent de susciter leur participation soient nombreuses, celles-ci en révèlent des conceptions fort différenciées. De plus, alors que les jeunes de quartiers défavorisés s’éloignent souvent des structures participatives existantes, ils sont aussi couramment la cible d’injonctions à la participation. Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont la participation de ces jeunes se construit dans un dispositif de participation structuré, au moyen d’un projet visant la mise en oeuvre, avec eux, d’un Conseil de jeunes. Il met en lumière trois logiques de la participation des jeunes, soit une logique fonctionnelle, une logique critique et une logique émancipatrice et montre comment celles-ci ont été mobilisées dans la réalisation du projet. Une analyse des quatre grandes phases du projet permet d’illustrer les processus à l’oeuvre, de mettre en lumière le mouvement de la participation des jeunes et de proposer certaines pistes pour l’intervention afin de favoriser leur participation.
Property Law and Collective Self-Government
Authors: Lavoie Malcolm
Published: July 2020

The property interests of Indigenous communities exhibit distinctive patterns that recur across different countries and in relation to widely differing Indigenous cultures, including in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The principal recurring patterns include alienation restraints, group governance powers as an incident of land tenure, distinctive rules of co-ownership favouring collective governance, and unique collective and individual estates in land. This paper argues that these distinctive doctrinal features can be explained in large part by the functional challenges associated with using property interests in land as a basis for collective self-government. One of the central challenges relates to differences in the optimal scale of various uses that may be pursued on a land base. While uses like housing or farming might best be pursued using individual land titles over relatively small parcels, the collective interest of a group in self-government could require an extensive, contiguous land base occupied by a critical mass of members. The use of land as a locus for a distinctive, self-governing culture is thus an activity that is optimally pursued on a larger scale than would be optimal for most other uses which may be pursued simultaneously. The tension this creates, emerging out of the attempt to manage what the author calls a “cultural semicommons,” is mediated by a distinctive set of institutions. Understanding this functional basis for Indigenous land tenure in common law countries is an important starting point in considering proposals for reform.
Judicial Audiences: A Case Study of Justice David Watt’s Literary Judgments
Authors: Craig Elaine
Published: July 2020

In 2016, the government of Canada announced reforms to the federal judicial appointment process aimed at increasing openness and transparency in the process. As part of those changes, all applicants for appointment to, or elevation within, the federal judiciary are required to submit responses to a new questionnaire. Applicants are asked to reflect upon the role of the judiciary in Canada’s legal system. One of the questions they are asked is: “Who is the audience for decisions rendered by the court(s) to which you are applying?” While the audience for a court’s decisions is not a new matter of academic and professional discussion, this recent change has brought judicial audience more squarely into the public eye. Nearly every successful applicant, of those whose responses are available, highlighted three key constituencies that should be addressed in every court decision: the parties, the public, and the legal profession.

Justice David Watt’s short, staccato style introductions to decisions, authored since his elevation to the Court of Appeal for Ontario, have received attention. His introductions, which differ from the conventional style of legal judgments, have been the subject of legal blogs, mainstream media articles, and professional praise and criticism. Decisions that include intentional stylistic departures from conventional judicial writing are sometimes referred to as literary judgments. These so called literary judgments, including the ones written by Justice Watt, raise particular issues regarding the notion of judicial audience. Justice Watt’s departure from the conventional style of legal writing, particularly given the gruesome and tragic facts involved in many of the decisions he has written, raises numerous questions: Who is the audience for these literary judgments? Do judges write for a different readership when they issue decisions which depart significantly from the traditional style of legal writing? What are some of the attendant risks of delivering literary judgments to particular audiences? Do Justice Watt’s literary judgments speak appropriately and productively to the three constituencies for court decisions identified by judges themselves: the parties (understood broadly), the public, and the legal profession? Using Justice Watt’s decisions as a case study, this article considers the issue of judicial audience in the context of literary judgments. The article proceeds in three sections, each dedicated to an examination of Justice Watt’s literary decisions in relation to one of these three audiences.
Opportunités et mobilités de jeunes des classes populaires de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil
Authors: Dal Ongaro Savegnago Sabrina , Rabello de Castro Lucia
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour but d´étudier la situation des jeunes des classes populaires de Rio de Janeiro, au Brésil, qui vivent dans des contextes caractérisés par l´incertitude, le manque de garanties et la précarité sociale. L’objectif est d’appréhender la façon dont ces jeunes, qui évoluent dans plusieurs espaces distincts, articulent ce qu’ils font dans le présent avec ce qu’ils désirent et imaginent pour leur vie à venir. Nous utilisons la notion d’opportunité afin de montrer la nature des dispositions subjectives à agir devant les facteurs d’incertitude et d’imprévisibilité de ces contextes. L´échantillon est composé de 51 jeunes (25 jeunes filles et 26 jeunes garçons) – étudiant dans deux écoles appartenant à la mairie de Rio de Janeiro dont l’âge varie entre 14 et 16 ans. Nous avons formé trois groupes de discussion, sous forme d´ateliers. Nous avons pu observer une valorisation des « opportunités du présent » en tant que manière de faire face à l’insécurité amenée par des contextes particulièrement précaires. Par ailleurs, nous présentons les divers intérêts qui sont cultivés par ces jeunes, lesquels ne sont pas nécessairement liés aux demandes de l’école. D’une façon générale, l’action des jeunes vis-à-vis leurs aspirations peut être restreinte par le manque d’opportunités objectives dans leur contexte social, mais dépend également de la façon dont de telles difficultés les mobilisent subjectivement.
Biofilm released cells can easily be obtained in a fed-batch system using ica+ but not with ica- isolates
Authors: Gaio Vânia , Cerca Nuno
Published: July 2020

Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the major opportunistic bacterial pathogens in healthcare facilities, mainly due to its strong ability to form biofilms in the surface of indwelling medical devices. To study biofilms under in vitro conditions, both fed-batch and flow systems are widely used, with the first being the most frequent due to their low cost and ease of use.

Aim

To assess if a fed-batch system previously developed to obtain biofilm released cells (Brc) from strong biofilm producing S. epidermidis isolates could also be used to obtain and characterize Brc from isolates with lower abilities to form biofilms.

Methodology

The applicability of a fed-batch system to obtain Brc from biofilms of 3 ica+ and 3 ica− isolates was assessed by quantifying the biofilm and Brc biomass by optical density (OD) and colony-forming units (CFU) measurements. The effect of media replacement procedures of fed-batch systems on the amount of biofilm was determined by quantifying the biofilm and biofilm bulk fluid, by CFU, after consecutive washing steps.

Results

The fed-batch model was appropriate to obtain Brc from ica+ isolates, that presented a greater ability to form biofilms and release cells. However, the same was not true for ica− isolates, mainly because the washing procedure would physically remove a significant number of cells from the biofilm.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that a fed-batch system is only feasible to be used to obtain Brc from S. epidermidis when studying strong and cohesive biofilm-forming isolates.
Changes of diazotrophic communities in response to cropping systems in a Mollisol of Northeast China
Authors: Zou Jiaxun , Yao Qin , Liu Junjie , Li Yansheng , Song Fuqiang , Liu Xiaobing , Wang Guanghua
Published: July 2020

Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms play important roles in N cycling. However, knowledge related to the changes in the diazotrophic community in response to cropping systems is still rudimentary. In this study, the nifH gene was used to reveal the abundance and community compositions of diazotrophs in the cropping systems of continuous cropping of corn (CC) and soybean (SS) and soybean-corn rotation for growing corn (CSC) and soybean (SCS) in a black soil of Northeast China. The results showed that the abundance of the nifH gene was significantly higher in cropping soybean than in cropping corn under the same cropping system, while remarkably increased in the rotation system under the same crop. The Shannon index in the CC treatment was significantly higher than that in the other treatments, but the OTU number and Chao1 index had no significant change among the four treatments. Bradyrhizobium japonicum was the dominant diazotrophic species, and its relative abundance was at the lowest value in the CC treatment. In contrast, Skermanella sp. had the highest relative abundance in the CC treatment. A PCoA showed that the diazotrophic communities were separated between different cropping systems, and the variation caused by continuous corn cropping was the largest. Among the tested soil properties, the soil available phosphorus was a primary factor in determining diazotrophic community compositions. Overall, the findings of this study highlighted that the diazotrophic communities in black soils are very sensitive to cropping systems.
Congenital Melanocytic Hairy Nevi in a Child from North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Jiya Fatima Bello , Sanni Maryam Amodu- , Jiya Nma Muhammed , Aquib Dada Muhammed , Umar Muhammed , Abba Mohammed Hassan , Abubakar Fa’iza Mu’azu
Published: July 2020

Aim: To present the first report of a large congenital melanocytic nevus with satellite nevi in an apparently healthy child from Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria.

Presentation of Case: A three year old girl was brought to the paediatric out-patient clinic of Paediatrics department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto with complaints of darkened skin colour on the left side of the face and scalp, the left arm, lower back, buttocks, and thighs, and excessive hair growth over the same side of the face since birth. There were no neurological symptoms Physical examination findings revealed a well-nourished, not ill looking child. She had a hyper pigmented patch on the left side of the face extending from the lower jaw to the scalp, measuring 21 cm in its longest length, with hypertrichosis on the same site, and two distinct, firm, painless nodular lesions on the left temporal region measuring 3 mm and 4mm respectively. On the lower one-third of the left arm was a hairy, velvety area of hyperpigmentation measuring 2X3 cm in diameter. Other affected sites were the lower back, the gluteal region and the thighs. Her neurologic and other systemic examinations were normal. A diagnosis of large congenital facial melanocytic hairy nevus with multiple satellite nevi was made.

Discussion: Congenital melanocytic nevi are benign proliferations of melanocytic cells said to be present at birth or in the first two years of life. Large lesions are rare, they measure 20 cm or more and are said to occur more commonly on the trunk and thighs. The exact pathogenesis of congenital melanocytic nevi is yet, unknown. It is thought to occur as a result of a morphological error in the neuroectoderm during embryogenesis. Treatment of patients with large congenital melanocytic nevus may include surgical or non-surgical procedures as well as psychological interventions. Large lesions, multiple satellite lesions or paravertebral and axial locations are sometimes associated with the risk of neurological complications and malignant transformation.

Conclusion: Large congenital melanocytic nevi are uncommon skin lesions that can occur in apparently healthy children. Individualization of the patients with regards to treatment options and long term monitoring are imperative.
Some Median Type Estimators to Estimate the Finite Population Mean
Authors: Hafeez Waqar , Shabbir Javid , Shah Muhammad Taqi , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: July 2020

Researchers always appreciates estimators of finite population quantities, especially mean, with maximum efficiency for reaching to valid statistical inference.  Apart from ratio, product and regression estimators, exponential estimators are widely considered by survey statisticians. Motivated from the idea of exponential type estimators, in this article, we propose some new estimators utilizing known median of the study variable with mean of auxiliary variable. Theoretical properties of the suggested estimators are studied up to first order of approximation. In addition, an empirical and simulation study the comparison of median based proposed class of estimators with sample mean, ratio and linear regression estimators  are discussed. The results expose that the proposed estimators are more efficient than the existing estimators.
Nephrotoxicity Assessment of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® in Exposed Wistar Rats
Authors: Udom Godswill J. , Okokon Jude E. , Udobang John A. , Obot Daniel N. , Asuquo Ikanna E.
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity concern of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® on kidney function parameters and histoarchitecture of the kidneys of exposed Wistar rats.

Study Design: A 60-day subchronic toxicological assessment using animal model.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria, between March 2019 and July 2019.

Methodology: Acute toxicity study was conducted using the modified Lorke’s method. Thirty Wistar rats of both genders were randomly allotted to six groups (5/group) and orally-treated daily thus: Groups 1 and 4-Controls (distilled water, 10 mL/kg), Groups 2-3; 5-6 received the Polyherbal mixture (476.24; 158.75) mg/kg, respectively. On 62nd day, animals were euthanized under diethyl ether anaesthesia and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Eviscerated kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination.

Results: Polyherbal mixture presented acute toxicity with an estimated LD50 of 1587.45 mg/kg (mouse, i.p). Results presented significant (P=.05) decreased blood urea nitrogen at all doses tested; elevated Na+ for high dose male (124.58±1.82) and female (122.77±0.00) rats compared to their respective controls (110.49±3.17/97.33±1.78) as well as increased creatinine levels for low dose male rats (145.83±7.45) compared to control (36.46±1.24). Histopathology of the kidneys revealed degrees of pathologies such as hyperplasic glomerular cells, occluding Bowman’s space, hyperaemia within the cortical tissue, widened proximal and distal convoluted tubules, hyperplasia of cortical tissue cells as well as hyperplasia of tubular and connective tissue cells.

Conclusion: Despite the popular claim that herbal remedies are completely natural, safe and devoid of toxicities whatsoever, the present day study suggest otherwise. Therefore, utmost caution and/or avoidance of the polyherbal mixture whenever possible, is strongly advised especially as its nephrotoxic potentials are not negligible.
Current Perspective on Hospital Acquired Infection
Authors: Rithu B. S. , Lakshmi Aishwarya
Published: July 2020

Health care associated infections (HCAI) are a major complication faced by the healthcare sector leading to high morbidity and mortality. These infections are caused via the persistence of microbial pathogens in the hospital environment for extended periods (weeks to months) on contaminated surfaces. Foodborne illness is another significant source of infection in hospitals due to improper cleaning practices in the food operating sectors. Thus, frequent hygiene monitoring and efficient cleaning practices may reduce the rate of hospital-acquired infections. Contamination detection by traditional microbiological techniques is laborious, which has paved the way for the development of rapid biotechnological testing kits such as the ATP bioluminescence assay, which can be used as a rapid indicator of contamination.
Commissioning a four‐dimensional Computed Tomography Simulator for minimum target size due to motion in the Anterior–Posterior direction: a procedure and treatment planning recommendations
Authors: Sonier Marcus , Vangenderen Brandon , Visagie Dallas , Appeldoorn Cameron , Chiang Te‐Chih (Archie) , Mathew Lindsay , Reinsberg Stefan , Rose Jim , Ramaseshan Ramani
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this work is to develop a procedure for commissioning four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) algorithms for minimum target reconstruction size, to quantify the effect of anterior–posterior (AP) motion artifacts on known object reconstruction for periodic and irregular breathing patterns, and to provide treatment planning recommendations for target sizes below a minimum threshold. A mechanical platform enabled AP motion of a rod and lung phantom during 4DCT acquisition. Static, artifact‐free scans of the phantoms were first acquired. AP sinusoidal and patient breathing motion was applied to obtain 4DCT images. 4DCT reconstruction artifacts were assessed by measuring the apparent width and angle of the rod. Comparison of known tumor diameters and volumes between the static image parameters with the 4DCT image sets was used to quantify the extent of AP reconstruction artifact and contour deformation. Examination of the rod width, under sinusoidal motion, found it was best represented during the inhale and exhale phases for all periods and ranges of motion. From the gradient phases, the apparent width of the rod decreased with increasing amplitude and decreasing period. The rod angle appeared larger on the reconstructed images due to the presence of motion artifact. The apparent diameters of the spherical tumors on the gradient phases were larger/equivalent than the true values in the AP/LR direction, respectively, while the exhale phase consistently displayed the spheres at the approximately correct diameter. The Eclipse calculated diameter matched closely with the true diameter on the exhale phase and was found to be larger on the inhale, MIP, and Avg scans. The procedure detailed here may be used during the acceptance and commissioning period of a computed tomography simulator or retroactively when implementing a SBRT program to determine the minimum target size that can be reliably reconstructed.
Catalytic Strategies for the Asymmetric Construction of Cyclic Frameworks with a Halogenated Tetrasubstituted Stereocenter
Authors: Liu Yue , Leng Hai‐Jun , Li Qing‐Zhu , Li Jun‐Long
Published: July 2020

The efficient and enantioselective construction of cyclic compounds with a halogenated tetrasubstituted carbon through various catalytic strategies remains challenging. Thus, research on modern asymmetric catalysis is important. In this review, recent achievements that streamlined the synthesis of halogenated cyclic molecules through organocatalysis or transition‐metal catalysis were introduced.

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Nitrile Synthesis by Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines and in situ Generated Imines from Aldehydes and Ammonium Salt with Grubbs Catalyst
Authors: Utsumi Tatsuki , Noda Kenta , Kawauchi Daichi , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: July 2020

Herein, a Grubbs‐catalyzed route for the synthesis of nitriles via the aerobic oxidation of primary amines is reported. This reaction accommodates a variety of substrates, including simple primary amines, sterically hindered β,β‐disubstituted amines, allylamine, benzylamines, and α‐amino esters. Reaction compatibility with various functionalities is also noted, particularly with alkenes, alkynes, halogens, esters, silyl ethers, and free hydroxyl groups. The nitriles were also synthesized via the oxidation of imines generated from aldehydes and NH4OAc in situ.

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High Capacity Functionalized Protein Superabsorbents from an Agricultural Co‐Product: A Cradle‐to‐Cradle Approach
Authors: Capezza Antonio Jose , Cui Yuxiao , Numata Keiji , Lundman Malin , Newson William Roy , Olsson Richard Tobias , Johansson Eva , Hedenqvist Mikael Stefan
Published: July 2020

Synthesis of superabsorbent particles from nontoxic wheat gluten (WG) protein, as an industrial co‐product, is presented. A natural molecular cross‐linker named genipin (a hydrogenated glycoside) is used together with a dianhydride (ethylenediaminetetraacetic EDTAD), to enable the preparation of a material with a network structure capable of swelling up to ≈4000% in water and ≈600% in saline solution. This represents an increase in swelling by over 10 times compared to the already highly absorbing gluten reference material. The carboxylation (using EDTAD) and the cross‐linking of the protein result in a hydrogel with liquid retention capacity as high as 80% of the absorbed water remaining in the WG network on extensive centrifugation, which is higher than that of commercial fossil‐based superabsorbents. The results also show that more polar forms of the reacted genipin are more effectively grafted onto the protein, contributing to the swelling and liquid retention. Microscopy of the materials reveals extensive nanoporosity (300 nm), contributing to rapid capillarity‐driven absorption. The use of proteins from agricultural industries for the fabrication of sustainable protein superabsorbents is herein described as an emerging avenue for the development of the next generation daily‐care products with a minimal environmental impact.
Rubbing and Drawing: Generic Ways to Improve the Thermoelectric Power Factor of Organic Semiconductors?
Authors: Scheunemann Dorothea , Vijayakumar Vishnu , Zeng Huiyan , Durand Pablo , Leclerc Nicolas , Brinkmann Martin , Kemerink Martijn
Published: July 2020

Highly oriented polymer films can show considerable anisotropy in the thermoelectric properties leading to power factors beyond those predicted by the widely obeyed power law linking the thermopower S and the electrical conductivity σ as S ∝ σ−1/4. This has led to encouraging practical results with respect to the electrical conductivity, notwithstanding that the conditions necessary to enhance σ and S simultaneously are less clear. Here, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the impact of structural anisotropy on the thermoelectric properties of disordered organic semiconductors. It is found that stretching is a suitable strategy to improve the conductivity along the direction of strain, whereas the effect on the power factor depends on the morphology the polymer crystallizes. In general, crystalline polymers show a simultaneous increase in σ and S which is not the case for amorphous polymers. Moreover, it is shown that the trends resulting from simulations based on variable‐range hopping are in good agreement with experiments and can describe the different functional dependencies in the S versus σ behavior of different directions.
Voltage Control of Skyrmion Bubbles for Topological Flexible Spintronic Devices
Authors: Yang Qu , Cheng Yuxin , Li Yaojin , Zhou Ziyao , Liang Jinghua , Zhao Xinger , Hu Zhongqiang , Peng Renci , Yang Hongxin , Liu Ming
Published: July 2020

The electric field is an energy‐efficient tool that can be leveraged to control spin–orbit coupling. Although Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMI) in magnetic skyrmion systems can be regulated in flat state using an electric field, the control of their flexible behavior has remained elusive so far. Here, the double modulation of strain and voltage effects in a flexible ultrathin heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM)/insulator (I) system, demonstrating that the interfacial DMI can be dual controlled via a mechanical stress and a circuit gating voltage at room temperature, is reported. An intensive tuning efficiency (26.7 mJ m−2 V−1) is obtained while maintaining an excellent mechanical strength, which is a result of Rashba‐DMI tuning at the FM/I interface. The result is promising in achieving novel flexible topological devices where low operation voltage and excellent flexibility are required.
Operable adaptive sparse identification of systems: Application to chemical processes
Authors: Bhadriraju Bhavana , Bangi Mohammed Saad Faizan , Narasingam Abhinav , Kwon Joseph Sang‐Il
Published: July 2020

Over the past few decades, several data‐driven methods have been developed for identifying a model that accurately describes the process dynamics. Lately, sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) has delivered promising results for various nonlinear processes. However, at any instance of plant‐model mismatch or process upset, retraining the model using SINDy is computationally expensive and cannot guarantee to catch up with rapidly changing dynamics. Hence, we propose operable adaptive sparse identification of systems (OASIS) framework that extends the capabilities of SINDy for accurate, automatic, and adaptive approximation of process models. First, we use SINDy to obtain multiple models from historical data for varying input settings. Next, using these models and their training data, we build a deep neural network that is incorporated in a model predictive control framework for closed‐loop operation. We demonstrate the OASIS methodology on the identification and control of a continuous stirred tank reactor.
Adjusting acidity and porosity of Al‐SBA‐15 catalyst for methanol to dimethyl ether reaction
Authors: Gharibi Kharaji Abolfazl , Beheshti Masoud , Tangestani‐nejad Shahram , Görke Oliver , Godini Hamid Reza
Published: July 2020

The present study aims to conduct a systematic assessment of Al‐SBA‐15 as the aluminum‐substituted mesoporous catalyst for raw methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (MTD). The catalysts are synthesized by varying the pretreatment variables (pH of the preparation and Si/Al ratio), the posttreatment variable (steaming time), and by the addition of aluminophosphate as the binder. The experimental design and the analysis of the results, especially the relation of characterization results and reactor performance, are performed by the optimal response surface method in Design‐Expert software. The prepared micro‐mesoporous catalyst exhibits an excellent activity, stability, and DME selectivity; therefore, it can be introduced as an efficient catalyst for raw methanol dehydration.
Evaluation and design methods for high‐efficiency charring composite under complex coupling mechanisms in both material and boundary layer
Authors: Li Weijie , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhongwei , Huang Haiming , Liang Jun
Published: July 2020

With the development of hypersonic vehicles, reentry vehicles are facing a more severe aerothermodynamic heating environment. It is necessary to design high‐efficiency charring composite used as the heat shield in the thermal protection system (TPS) of reentry vehicles. By taking the material responses (volume‐surface coupled ablation), exothermic gas‐phase reactions of pyrolysis gases in the boundary layer and the flow behavior of chemical nonequilibrium inflow coupling ablative mechanism into consideration, a developed thermal/fluid/chemical/ablation coupling model with the key influencing factor on thermal protection performance of charring composites is built to evaluate the material responses and the chemical responses in boundary layer near its surface. Based on this model, the key factor (fiber volume fraction) influencing on the thermal protection performance is analyzed by using a coupling numerical calculation strategy. By designing the distribution of this parameter along the thickness of the material, a gradient design for charring composite is given. The numerical results indicate that the gradient charring composite can control the temperature distribution and the amount of surface ablation recession. This study will be a guidance for the design of charring composites for thermal protection application in reentry vehicles in a quantitative and efficient manner.
Porphyrin‐Ryleneimide Hybrids: Low‐Bandgap Acceptors in Energy‐Transfer Cassettes
Authors: Janiga Ewelina , Kim Gakhyun , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Lis Tadeusz , Kim Dongho , Stępień Marcin
Published: July 2020

Energy‐transfer cassettes consisting of naphthaleneimide‐fused metalloporphyrin acceptors (M=Zn and Pd) and BODIPY donors have been designed and synthesized. These systems have rigid pseudo‐tetrahedral structures with a donor‐acceptor separation of ca. 17.5 Å. Spectroscopic investigations, including femtosecond transient absorption measurements, showed efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) occurring according to the Förster mechanism. Strong fluorescence of the donor units and significant spectral overlap of the donor and acceptor subunits are prerequisites for the efficient EET in these systems.
Resolvin D1 protects against sepsis‐induced cardiac injury in mice
Authors: Wang Menglong , Liu Menglin , Zhang Jishou , Liu Jianfang , Ye Jing , Xu Yao , Wang Zhen , Ye Di , Zhao Mengmeng , Wan Jun
Published: July 2020

Increased inflammation is the key mechanism that mediates sepsis induced cardiac injury. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a bioactive lipid mediator synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid, can attenuate the severity of many inflammation‐related diseases through anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving properties. However, the protective role of RvD1 in sepsis induced cardiac injury remains unclear. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, LPS group and RvD1 + LPS group. LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to establish a sepsis‐induced cardiac injury model. RvD1 (5 ug/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min before LPS injection. RvD1 treatment significantly attenuated the deteriorated cardiac function and cardiac injury induced by LPS, as evidenced by the improved left ventricular ejection fraction, serum levels of cardiac injury markers and severity of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, RvD1 treatment significantly attenuated the infiltration of pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the heart. Mechanistically, the attenuated activation of NK‐κB and MAPK signaling mediated the anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of RvD1. In addition, LPS‐induced infiltration of neutrophils and M1 macrophages in the spleen was significantly attenuated by the RvD1 treatment. Results of the present study suggest that RvD1 protects the heart against LPS‐induced injuries by attenuating the local and systemic inflammatory response, highlighting the therapeutic effects of RvD1 in sepsis‐induced cardiac injury.
A review on nutritional properties, shelf life, health aspects, and consumption of brown rice in comparison with white rice
Authors: Mir Shabir Ahmad , Shah Manzoor Ahmad , Bosco S. John Don , Sunooj Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal , Farooq Saqib
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives

In recent years, brown rice (BR) has become popular among the consumers due its nutritional excellence and health benefits as compared to polished or white rice. The objective of this review paper is to compare composition, health benefits, hurdles, shelf life, and potential ways to enhance the consumption of BR as compared to white rice.

Findings

Brown rice is the whole grain rice which includes the endosperm, embryo, and bran layers. Nutritionally, BR is superior to white rice and an improved source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, γ‐oryzanol, and phytochemical components which can support the human health. However, the polishing process removes most of the health promoting components from the BR. Considerable difference has been reported in the nutritional composition of brown and polished rice. Brown rice is gaining popularity among health conscious consumers as compared to white rice but there are also certain hurdles such as a shorter shelf life, sensory perception, and lack of awareness about its benefits and availability which limits market potential. However, innovative and optimization process technologies will help in the promotion and improved consumption of BR instead of white rice.

Conclusion

BR is a valuable source of nutritional components which are lost once it is subjected to a polishing process as many nutrients are concentrated in the bran layer. The limitations associated with the consumption of BR have previously effected consumption but the demand for BR has increased which has been attributed to promotion of potential health benefits.

Significance and novelty

BR consumption has potential to contribute to improve the health as part of a healthy diet and reduce the burden of various noncommunicable diseases.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the oral cavity as first sign of disease: A case report
Authors: Patel Shalizeh , Barros Juliana , Nwizu Ngozi N. , Ogbureke Kalu U. E.
Published: July 2020

Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the oral cavity is rare. Significantly, the oral lesion in this case was the first indication of a malignant disease in the patient. This case underscores the importance of detailed history taking, interpretation of clinical finding, and high index of suspicion for metastatic disease to the oral cavity.
A Japanese case of amoebic meningoencephalitis initially diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology
Authors: Aoki Ryogo , Sakakima Toshimasa , Ohashi Asuka , Niwa Riyoko , Matsuyama Masashi , Etori Fumimasa , Watanabe Naoki , Yagita Kenji , Tanaka Takuji
Published: July 2020

Microscopy can detect the presence of amoebic trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid and tissue. The infection was confirmed in the present case by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, but we were unable to achieve a cure. Our case rapidly progressed without any skin lesions.
Emergence of overt myeloma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on ibrutinib therapy
Authors: Al‐Katib Ayad M. , Gaith Hussein , Sano Dahlia , Al‐Katib Sayf , Bonnett Michelle , Kafri Zyad
Published: July 2020

Ibrutinib is approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, its role in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is not clear and is under investigation. We report a case of CLL that developed MM while on therapy with ibrutinib indicating that this drug may not be active against MM.
Behcet's disease presenting with primary hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and celiac disease: A case report
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Awad Rama
Published: July 2020

We are reporting a case report of Behcet's disease with autoimmune dysfunction that affected the thyroid and adrenal glands and the patient also had sub‐clinical celiac disease. However, the correlation between Bechet's disease and autoimmune disease is still controversial.
Massive pheochromocytoma
Authors: Anai Terumitsu , Oka Kosuke , Yokota Yuya , Nishimura Yoshito , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio
Published: July 2020

Complications of pheochromocytoma, such as hypertensive emergency, can be critical. Clinicians should recognize that pheochromocytoma is not uncommon in patients with large adrenal tumors, and screening should be undertaken prior to any intervention.
A “groovy” diagnosis: Eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Korsten Peter
Published: July 2020

Clinical examination can be the key to pursuing a diagnosis, even in rare diseases. The “groove sign” is a typical finding in eosinophilic fasciitis and can be elicited by elevation of the arm to allow for venous return with visible “grooving” of the veins due to skin thickening.
A series of typical and atypical cases of Bazex syndrome: Identifying the red herring to avoid delaying cancer treatment
Authors: Eckstein Jacob , Healy Erin , Jain Angita , Hawkins Daniel , Ho Quoc‐Anh , Agrawal Amit , Ozer Enver , Rupert Robert , Diavolitsis Virginia M. , Bhatt Aashish D.
Published: July 2020

Bazex syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis that precedes diagnosis of cancer. Awareness of this syndrome is important, as it allows early detection of underlying malignancy and may prevent misdiagnosis and delays in cancer treatment.
Xylophagia (paper eating): A rare form of pica
Authors: Kurtz Daniel , Azar Ibrahim , Khan Hajra , Lilley Kirthi , Woldie Indryas
Published: July 2020

Xylophagia is a form of pica where patients have the unusual craving for ingestion of paper. After treating the underlying cause of pica, in this case treating iron deficiency anemia with iron replacement therapy, these unusual cravings resolve.