bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Brain Structural and Functional Alterations in Patients with Migraine without Aura: An fMRI Study
Authors: Li Zhengjie , Zhou Jun , Lan Lei , Cheng Shirui , Sun Ruirui , Gong Qiyong , Wintermark Max , Zeng Fang , Liang Fanrong
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To explore the possible concurrent brain functional and structural alterations in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA) patients compared to healthy subjects (HS). Methods: Seventy-two MwoA patients and forty-six HS were recruited. 3D-T1 and resting state fMRI data were collected during the interictal period for MwoA and HS. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for structure analysis and regional homogeneity (Reho) for fMRI analysis were applied. The VBM and Reho maps were overlapped to determine a possible brain region with concurrent functional and structural alteration in MwoA patients. Further analysis of resting state functional connectivity (FC) alteration was applied with this brain region as the seed.Results: Compared with HS, MwoA patients showed decreased volume in the bilateral superior and inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), locus ceruleus, median raphe nuclei (MRN) and dorsal pons medulla junction. MwoA patients showed decreased Reho values in the middle occipital gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, and increased Reho values in the MRN. Only a region in the MRN showed both structural and functional alteration in MwoA patients. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no association between volume or Reho values of the MRN and headache frequency, headache intensity, disease duration, self-rating anxiety scale or self-rating depression scale in MwoA patients. Resting state functional connectivity (FC) with the MRN as the seed showed that MwoA patients had increased FC between the MRN and PAG.Conclusions: MRN are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine during the interictal period. This study may help to better understand the migraine symptoms.Trial registration: NCT01152632. Registered 27 June 2010.
Leveraging Methylation Alterations to Discover Potential Causal Genes Associated with the Survival Risk of Cervical Cancer in TCGA through a Two-stage Inference Approach
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Wang Ting , Yu Xinghao , Huang Shuiping , Zhao Huashuo , Zeng Ping
Published: October 2020

Background：Multiple genes were previously identified to be associated with cervical cancer; however, the genetic architecture of cervical cancer remains unknown and many causal genes have yet been discovered.Methods: To explore causal genes related to cervical cancer, a two-stage causal inference approach was proposed within the framework of Mendelian randomization, where the gene expression was treated as exposure, with methylations located within that gene serving as instrumental variables. Five prediction models were first utilized to characterize the relationship between the expression and methylations for each gene; then the methylation-regulated gene expression (MReX) was obtained and the association was evaluated via Cox mixed-effects model based on MReX. We further implemented the harmonic mean p-value (HMP) combination to take advantage of respective strengths of these prediction models while accounting for dependency among the p-values.Results: A total of 14 causal genes were discovered to be associated with the survival risk of cervical cancer in TCGA when the five prediction models were separately employed. The total number of causal genes was brought to 23 when conducting HMP. Some of the newly discovered genes may be novel (e.g. YJEFN3, SPATA5L1, IMMP1L, C5orf55, PPIP5K2, ZNF330, CRYZL1, PPM1A, ESCO2, ZNF605, ZNF225, ZNF266, FICD and OSTC). Functional analyses showed these genes were enriched in tumor-associated pathways. Additionally, four genes (i.e. COL6A1, SYDE1, ESCO2 and GIPC1) were differentially expressed.Conclusion: Overall, our study discovered promising candidate genes that are causally associated with the survival risk of cervical cancer and thus provided new insights into the genetic etiology of cervical cancer.
Anlotininb as a Promising Inhibitor on Tumor Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Cell Apoptosis and Mitotic Catastrophe
Authors: Deng Zhaoming , Liao Wei , Wei Wei , Zhong Guihua , He Chao , Zhang Hongbo , Liu Qiaodan , Xu Xiwei , Liang Jun , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2020

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most malignant cancers in head and neck region. Anlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting several receptors such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Kit. Here we investigated whether Anlotinib have any antitumor effect on oral cancer and tried to explore and explain the possible mechanism.MethodsData from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus and Gene Expression Omnibus database was collected to analyze the relationship between the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor receptor 2 and the overall survival rate of OSCC. Oral cancer cell lines Cal-27 and SCC-25 were cultured to conduct all the experiments. In vitro experiments such as CCK-8, colony formation, cell cycle assay and cell apoptosis assay were conducted to detect cell proliferation ability and the change of cell phase and apoptosis. Proteins concerning cell cycle and cell apoptosis were visualized via western blot. α-Tubulin were visualized via immunofluorescence to detect cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. ResultsHigher expression of VEGFR-2 was significantly related to poorer prognosis. Experiment in vitro demonstrated that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited(p<0.05) after Anlotinib administration and G2/M arrest and apoptosis were both detected in both cell lines. Cycle-related proteins promoting cell cycle progression and proteins related to cell survival were downregulated in Anlotinib group compared to the control group. Cell-death-related biomarker and phosphorylated histone 3 were upregulated in expression in Anlotinib group. Abnormal spindle apparatus was observed in cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. ConclusionAnlotinib could exert an antitumor effect on oral cancer cells lines via apoptotic pathway and mitotic catastrophe pattern, presenting a promising potential therapy for patients with OSCC.
Targeting the Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Genome With the CRISPR-Cas9 Platform in Latently Infected Cells
Authors: Haddad Coral Orel , Kalt Inna , Shovman Yehuda , Xia Lei , Schlesinger Yehuda , Sarid Ronit , Parnas Oren
Published: October 2020

Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a transforming gammaherpes. Like other herpesviruses, KSHV infection is for life long and there is no treatment that can cure of patients from the virus. In addition, there is urgent need to target viral genes to study their role during the infection cycle. The CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers a means to target viral genomes and thus may offer a novel strategy for viral cure as well for better understanding of the infection process. We evaluated the suitability of this platform for the targeting of KSHV. Methods: We have used BAC16 genome, which contains an expression cassette encoding hygromycin-resistance and a GFP marker gene. Three genes were targeted: gfp which serves as a marker for infection; orf45 encoding a lytic viral protein; and orf73, encoding LANA which is crucial for latent infection. The fraction of cells expressing GFP as well as viral DNA levels and LANA expression were monitored and viral genomes were sequenced. Results: We found that KSHV episomes can be targeted by CRISPR-Cas9. Interestingly, the quantity of KSHV DNA declined, even when target sites were not functionally important for latency. In addition, we show that antibiotic selection, used to maintain infection, interferes with the outcome of targeting.Conclusions: Our study provides insights to the use of this fundamental approach for the study and manipulation of KSHV. It provides guidelines for the targeting CRISPR-Cas9 to the viral genome and for outcomes interpretation.
Screen Time Duration and Timing: Effects on Obesity, Physical Activity, Dry Eyes, and Learning Ability in Elementary School Children
Authors: Mineshita Yui , Kim Hyeon-Ki , Chijiki Hanako , Nanba Takuya , Shinto Takae , Furuhashi Shota , Oneda Satoshi , Kuwahara Mai , Suwama Anzu , Shibata Shigenobu
Published: October 2020

Background: As internet use becomes more widespread, the screen time (ST) of elementary school students increases yearly. It is known that longer durations of ST can affect obesity, physical activity, dry eye disease, and learning ability. However, the effects of ST just before bedtime have not been clarified. Therefore, we examined ST duration and timing effects on elementary school children. Methods: We conducted a survey of 7,419 elementary school students in Tokyo, Japan using a questionnaire on food education. ST duration and timing (just before bedtime) served as the explanatory variables, and the relationship between obesity, physical activity, dry eyes, and learning ability was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Gender, school year, height, and weight were considered confounding factors. First, we examined whether ST duration and timing were related to each objective variable, using a univariate model to examine all variables. Thereafter, we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses for all variables showing a significant difference in the univariate models.Results: The results showed that the relationship between the ST duration and obesity, physical activity, and learning ability was statistically significant. The relationship between ST timing and obesity, dry eyes, and learning ability was also statistically significant. Therefore, ST timing has a greater effect on dry eyes, and ST duration has a greater effect on academic performance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ST in school children is related to obesity, physical activity, dry eyes, and learning ability, and they suggest that not only the duration but also the timing of ST is important.
Analysis of the CHP Technological Innovation System in Iran using the Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
Authors: Heirani Hossein , Moghaddam Naser Bagheri , Fazli Mohammad Hassan
Published: October 2020

Background: As many other countries, Iran has adopted policies consider energy technologies development. One of these technologies around which several national programs have launched is the Cogeneration of Heat and Power (CHP). Despite the variety of plans and actions in different governmental and non-governmental bodies, the fact is that the national targets have not been fulfilled as they were expected. Since the first step to make policies for technology development is recognizing the problems and bottlenecks hindering the development process, the main aim of this paper is to provide a model to analyze the failures of technology development process according to Technological Innovation System (TIS) approach. Besides, the CLA method has been used to decipher the profound and latent factors causing these problems. Results: By mixing up CLA and TIS approaches, this paper achieves a comprehensive model describing the causal relationship between multi-layered problems of technology development. Afterwards, by using structural equation modelling, the correlation amongst multi-layered problems was tested. While most studies have concentrated on the structural and functional problems of the TIS, the results of the model demonstrate a significant role of the discourses and visions. Although the structural problems have had the most significant effect on the functional problems, surprisingly, the second position is for the problems related to metaphors. This might be the most noticeable result of this research that the metaphoric and visionary factors can play a role as important as structures of the TIS. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the discursive and metaphoric factors have had the significant effect both directly on the failure of the CHP innovation system and indirectly through affecting structural elements. A notable policy suggestion is to change the discourse of centralized power generation and to make more effort regarding the energy efficiency in the society. Moreover, policies should create a positive and long-term vision for development of CHP plants.
Customized Reconstruction of Complex Soft Tissue Defect Around the Knee with Individual Design of Free Perforator Flap
Authors: Fu Jinfei , Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Zhou Zhengbing , Yu Fang , Tang Juyu
Published: October 2020

Background Reconstruction of complex soft tissue defect around the knee, particularly in involving with large soft tissue defect or disruption of extensor mechanism, always is a challenging problem. The purpose of this study was to introduce our clinical experience on using individual design of free perforator flap for complex soft-tissue reconstruction around the knee. Methods Between June 2010 and March 2017, 16 patients underwent the reconstruction of complex soft tissue defect in the knee region with free perforator flap, Various flap designs was performed basing on the location of wound, the require pedicle length, the tissue components that are deficient, the volume of such components and the risk of donor site morbidity.Results Complex soft tissue defect of the knee was reconstructed with anteriorlateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap in 5 cases, modified ALTP flap in 2 cases, chimeric ALTP flap in 4 cases, dual skin paddles ALTP flap in 2 cases and chimeric thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap in 2 cases. Multiple perforator flaps and vascularized fascia lata in combination were performed in one case. All flaps survived postoperative. None vascular congestion was observed. Only one case suffered partial necrosis. Primary closure of donor site was performed for all patients. The mean follow-up time was 16.5 months. Most cases showed satisfactory flap contour and acceptable function outcome. Conclusions Free perforator flap is a reliable option for repairing complex soft tissue defect in the knee region, especially when local and pedicled flaps are unavailable. Various flap designs allow for more individualized treatment approaches.
Findings on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review
Authors: Silva1 Yuri Henrique da , Júnior José Gildo de Moura Monteiro , Araújo Rosângela Ferreira Frade de
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents as the main cause of death, respiratory and heart failures, especially in the elderly, immunosuppressed, and those with cardiovascular comorbidities. Therefore, a better understanding of these findings is needed. A systematic review was carried out looking for articles published between December 2019 and May 2020 on the MEDLINE / PubMed search platform using the following descriptors: ((((((((("cardiovascular disease") OR ("acute myocardial infarction")) OR ("coronary artery disease")) OR ("acute coronary syndrome")) OR ("atherosclerosis")) OR ("cardiac insufficiency")) OR ("pericarditis")) OR ("myocarditis")) AND ("COVID-19")) OR ("SARS-CoV-2")and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria.40% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had hypertension or other cardiovascular comorbidities, while 27% presented cardiovascular complications, mainly acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia and heart failure. The hypotheses of involvement of an intense inflammatory response, decreased immunity and greater expression of ACE2 in the heart, associated with more severe heart conditions, were discussed in this study. The increase in cardiac and inflammatory markers was associated with worse clinical outcomes and risk of death, confirming the need to evaluate them since admission to the hospital. The 10 articles analyzed presented as a limitation the small number of patients inserted, to the detriment of the pandemic state. We warned about the need for better clinical management of patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, and the importance of including this group among the first to be immunized, aiming at reducing the number of fatal cases due to infection. Studies with greater coverage are needed for a better comprehension of the topics discussed here.
Sofosbuvir-based therapies achieved satisfactory virological response in Chinese with genotypes 3 and 6 infection: a real-world experience from a centre
Authors: Tang Qiao , Wei Li , Liu Xiaoqing , Hu Peng
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAs previously shown by others, sofosbuvir-based regimens yield high sustained virological response rates in patients with HCV infection except for genotype 3b complicating with cirrhosis. The real-world study aims to explore efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based regimens in genotypes 3 and 6 infected patients, especially the impact of ribavirin co-administration on sustained virological response in cirrhotic patients with genotype 3b infection. MethodsA retrospective cohort study included 173 patients initiated on sofosbuvir-based regimens. Main endpoint of treatment was sustained virological response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12).Results92 patients with sufficient follow-up were included. Overall, SVR12 rate was 96.7% (89/92), including 62 patients treated with addition of ribavirin to sofosbuvir-based regimens, given superior SVR12 rate (98.4%) than ribavirin free regimens (93.3%). SVR12 rates were 96.3% and 96.7% in patients infected with genotype3 (54) and genotype 6 (38) Among patients with genotype 3b infection, SVR12 was achieved in 97.1%, and 100% when complicating with cirrhosis. SVR12 rate was achieved in 96.6% among patients with cirrhosis (28/29), 100% with ribavirin co-administration regimens and 87.5% without ribavirin. Totally, three patients failed to achieve SVR12, including 2 non-cirrhotic patients with genotype 3b and 6a infection treated with sofosbuvir+ribavirin and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir regimen, one cirrhotic patient with genotype 3k infection treated with SOF/VEL regimen. No sever adverse events occurred.ConclusionsReal-world data show that sofosbuvir-based regimens are highly effective and safe for patients with HCV genotypes 3 and 6 infection. Addition of ribavirin to sofosbuvir-based regimens may improve efficacy, especially in patients with genotype 3 infection and cirrhosis.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Mathematical Model for COVID-19 Management in Crowded Settlements and High-Activity Areas
Authors: Ssematimba Amos , Nakakawa Juliet , Ssebuliba Joseph , Mugisha Joseph Y. T
Published: October 2020

This paper develops and analyses a population density-dependent mathematical model to study the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in crowded settlements such as refugee camps, schools, markets and churches. The model quantifies the potential impact of physical/social distancing and population density on the disease burden. It further determines the number of secondary infections that may arise from having one infectious individual in a high population-activity area. Results reveal that with no fatalities, the reproduction numbers associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic cases are inversely proportional to; the habitat area size, and the efforts employed in tracing and hospitalising these cases. The critical habitat area below which the disease dies out is directly proportion to the time taken to identify and hospitalise infected individuals. Results also show that disease persistence in the community is guaranteed even with minimal admission of infected individuals. In a high-activity area with 70,000 individuals, results indicate that if 10% of these individuals do not adhere to standard operating procedures (SOPs) when allocated an area of 1m2 per individual, then every infectious seeder will cause approximately one new infection within 12 hours of activity. On the other hand, if the area occupied by the 70,000 individuals is increased to 1km2 then even at the lowest explored level of adherence to SOPs, the arising number of new cases within 12 hours would be less than one per infectious seeder. We conclude that proper use of masks and physical distancing measures should be highly enforced in crowded settings.
Prognostic Value of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction As Initial Symptoms of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Biadsee Ameen , Dagan Or , Ormianer Zeev , Kassem Firas , Masarwa Shchada , Biadsee Ameer
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Olfactory and gustatory chemosensory dysfunctions are very prevalent in COVID-19 infection, our aim is to further explore chemosensory recovery among these patients.Methods: This is a cross-sectional follow-up study, which serves as a sequel to a study by Biadsee, et al. Among the previous study population of 128 non-hospitalized patients, who were tested positive for COVID-19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ninety-seven patients participated in a telephone survey designed for this study. Recovery of olfactory and gustatory functions were defined when a score is greater or equal to that reported before the disease. Persistent hyposmia and hypogeusia were defined as lower scores reported during follow-up, compared with scores before the disease. Results: A total of 43 men and 54 women were included. Mean age was 37 years (range 18-73). Mean follow-up was 59.2 days (range 21-83). At follow-up, 72 (74.2%) patients reported normalization of gustatory function and 63 (64.9%) reported normalization of olfactory function. No patient reported nasal obstruction at follow-up. Recovery of olfactory function was positively correlated with gustatory recovery (p=0.003). Twenty-three (23.7%) reported persistent xerostomia. Women who reported persistent xerostomia had higher rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (p=0.006 and p=0.008, respectively) than those who did not. Olfactory and gustatory disorders as initial symptoms were negative prognostic factors for recovery. Conclusion: Olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection may be a negative prognostic factor for full recovery of olfactory and gustatory function.
The development and psychometric evaluation of the Electronic Fetal Monitoring Knowledge Scale
Authors: Gourounti Kleanthi , Sarantaki Antigoni , Diamanti Athina , Giaxi Paraskevi , Lykeridou Katerina
Published: October 2020

Background. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the Electronic Fetal Monitoring Knowledge Scale (EFMKS), a self-report and short instrument measuring knowledge concerning Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM). Additionally, it was aimed to use the EFMKS for briefly assessing EFM knowledge in midwives and doctors working in labour ward. Methods. The EFMKS was developed in a three-phase process by using an integrated mixed-methods approach that included literature reviews, professional focus groups, expert consultations and a psychometric survey evaluation. The psychometric evaluation was conducted by recruiting a sample of 128 professionals (midwives and doctors). Data were collected between April and July of 2016 in two public hospitals of Athens, Greece. Content validity, exploratory factor analysis, discriminant and construct validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency were explored. Results. The expert panel determined that the content validity was satisfactory. The final 10-item scale consisted of three factors explaining 73% of the total variance in the data. Discriminant validity was satisfactory. Internal consistency reliability (α = 0.89) and test-retest reliability (0.85) were satisfactory. The majority of the midwives and the obstetricians had a good level of knowledge while approximately one third of them had a low level of knowledge in EFM. Midwives and doctors having a lower level of knowledge related to EFM, were more frequently professionals with less than five years of clinical experience in the labor ward and reported low confidence for cardiotocography (CTG) interpretation and inadequate preparation for CTG usage.Conclusion. The EFMK demonstrated good content validity, an easily interpretable three-factor structure, high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and satisfactory discriminant and construct validity with sample characteristics. The EFMKS may be used for evaluating the EFM knowledge of health professionals and for identifying the areas of their knowledge gap. Based on study findings, an annual multi-professional CTG training is necessary for all intrapartum staff and in particular for the midwives and doctors with shorter clinical experience in the labor ward.
Molecular prediction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in domesticated livestock
Authors: Bhattacharya Rajarshi , Gupta Aayatti Mallick , Mitra Suranjita , Mandal Sukhendu , Biswas Swadesh R
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global pandemic. Although the disease spreads from human to human, the fundamental question concerning the spread of the disease between domesticated animals or from animals to humans remains unanswered. The human angiotensin-converting enzymes 2 (hACE2) receptor, the recognition site for the virus, has orthologs in animals and are structurally and functionally similar to hACE2. This study investigated the nature and strength of interaction between ACE2 of nine pet animals and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Among nine animals, ACE2 of Oryctolagus and Canis had significantly higher binding affinity of -11.7 Kcal/mol and -13.8 Kcal/mol, burried surface area of 2383 Å2 and 2508 Å2 and Z score of -1.2 and -1.4, respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, the relatedness of ACE2 of Oryctolagus and human was found to be very high. Interestingly, the binding affinity of simulated Oryctolagus-ACE2::RBD was lower in comparison to that of hACE2 as determined from the distance of intermolecular hydrogen-bonds and the energy of interaction. We conclude that like humans, a faster transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-2 among pet animals is not expected to occur.
The Anterior Oblique Ligament description in the knee anteromedial compartment
Authors: Jorge Pedro Baches , Oliveira Diego Escudeiro de , Resende Vanessa Ribeiro de , Horita Melanie Mayumi , Silva Marconde de Oliveira e , Junior Aires Duarte , Guglielmetti Luiz Gabriel Betoni
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To describe a ligamentous structure in the anteromedial region of the knee identified in a series of anatomical dissections of cadaveric specimens.Methods: Sixteen cadaveric knees were dissected to study the medial compartment. Exclusion criteria were signs of trauma, previous surgery, signs of osteoarthritis and poor preservation state. The main structures of this region were identified during medial dissection. After releasing the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) of the tibia, the Anterior Oblique Ligament (AOL), was isolated. The morphology of the structure and its relationship with known anatomical parameters were determined. For the statistical analysis, the means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. A 95% confidence intervals was defined as significant. Student's t-tests were used for continuous variables.Results: After dissection a distinct ligamentous structure (AOL) was found in the medial region of the knee. This structure was found in 100% of the cases, was located extracapsularly and originated in the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle, running obliquely toward the tibia. When crossing the joint, the ligament presented a fan-shaped opening, exhibiting a larger area at the tibial insertion. The AOL had a mean thickness of 6.83±1.34 mm at its femoral origin and 13.06±1.91 at its tibial insertion. It had a significantly (p = 0.0009) longer mean length with the knee at 90° of flexion (33.82±9.50 mm) than with the knee in total extension (26.56±9.48 mm), indicating that the ligament is tensioned in flexion.Conclusion: A structure was identified in the anteromedial compartment of the knee with a ligamentous appearance originating in the medial femoral epicondyle and with tibial insertion anterior to the sMCL. Clinical relevance: This study demonstrates the anatomy of a new medial structure of the knee. As a result, there will be a better understanding of the stability of the knee.
A Systematic Review on Guidelines and Recommendations for Tracheostomy during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shah Rahulkumar , G Priyadarshini , Parsana Monil
Published: October 2020

Aim: Global health care is experiencing an unprecedented surge in the number of critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirement for relatively long periods of ventilation in those who survive means that many are considered for tracheostomy to free patients from ventilatory support and maximise scarce resources. COVID-19 provides unique challenges for tracheostomy care: health-care workers need to safely undertake tracheostomy procedures and manage patients afterwards, minimising risks of nosocomial transmission and compromises in the quality of care. Conflicting recommendations exist about the timing and performance of tracheostomy and the subsequent management of patients. This is due to a number of factors including prognosis, optimal healthcare resource utilisation, and safety of healthcare workers when performing such a high-risk aerosol-generating procedure.Methods: MEDLINE (accessed from PubMed) from 6 august 2019 to 7 august 2020 were systematically searched using: “COVID 19” OR “CORONAVIRUS” OR “SARS COV-2” AND “TRACHEOSTOMY” with filters as ‘2020’ year of study, English language, full article available on 7/08/2020 at 11.30 Am.Results: Total of 56 articles were obtained on search and the final 15 articles extracted based on our selection criteria were reviewed. A synthesis of the current international literature and reported experience is presented with respect to timing of tracheostomy, ideal place for tracheostomy, staff safety, procedure modification and post tracheostomy care thus leading to a pragmatic recommendation that tracheostomy is not performed until at least 14 days after endotracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients and if indicated should be done in negative pressure isolated ICU room with full PPE protection with some modification during procedure.Conclusion: In selected COVID-19 patients, there is a role for tracheostomy to aid in weaning and optimise healthcare resource utilisation. Tracheostomy can be performed safely with careful modifications to technique and appropriate enhanced personal protective equipment.
Anti-phospholipids antibodies and immune complexes in COVID-19 patients: a putative role in disease course for anti-annexin-V antibodies
Authors: Cristiano Antonio , Fortunati Valentina , Cherubini Fabio , Bernardini Sergio , Nuccetelli Marzia
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Besides distinctive respiratory and digestive hallmarks, COVID-19 has been recently associated with a high prevalence of pro-inflammatory and hypercoagulable states known as “COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy” (CAC), corresponding to a worsening in patients’ conditions, whose causes are still to be elucidated. A link between anti-phospholipids antibodies (aPLs) and viral infections has long been suggested. APLs are assessed for Anti-phospholipid Syndrome (APS) diagnosis, characterized by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and coagulopathy. Furthermore, circulating immune complexes (CICs), arisen upon inflammatory responses and related immune dysregulation, can lead to endothelial cells damage and thrombotic complications.Method: We performed an extended panel including IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin, IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein-1, coupled with IgG/IgM anti-prothrombin, IgG/IgM anti-annexin-V on two COVID-19 patient groups (early and late infection time) and a negative control group. IgG CICs analysis followed to evaluate inflammatory status, through a possible complement system activation.Results: Our results showed low positive cases percentage in IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin and IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein-1 assays (4.54%, 6.25%, 4.55%; in early infection group, late infection group and control group, respectively); few positive cases in IgG/IgM anti-prothrombin and IgG/IgM anti-annexin-V immunoassays; no IgG CICs positivity in any patient.Conclusions: In conclusion, our data show a low aPLs prevalence, likely excluding an involvement in the pathogenesis of CAC.Interestingly, IgG/IgM anti-prothrombin and anti-annexin-V positive cases, detected in late infection group, suggest that aPLs could temporarily increase or could trigger a “COVID-19-induced-APS-like-syndrome” in predisposed patients.Finally, even though aPLs are transient, they may still have a thrombotic potential in genetically predisposed COVID-19 patients.
Systematic rapid living review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survivors: update to August 27th, 2020
Authors: Jammu Anish Singh , Chasen Martin , Lofters Aisha , Bhargava Ravi
Published: October 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes in the global healthcare delivery landscape and has had practical repercussions for cancer survivors. This systematic rapid living review has been undertaken to synthesize the available knowledge regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a timely manner. This initial rapid review will present the findings of literature published up to August 27, 2020.Design: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify all articles, available in English language, regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survivors published between December 2019 and August 27, 2020. The search strategy employed the following search strings: “covid-19 OR coronavirus OR sars-cov-2” with “cancer survivors OR cancer survivorship”.Results: The database search yielded 1639 articles, of which 19 were included. Of the 19 selected articles, there were 12 expert opinions articles, two literature reviews, two prospective cohort studies, one retrospective cohort study, one descriptive study and one pooled meta-analysis that comment on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical wellbeing (16 articles), psychosocial wellbeing (15 articles) and financial wellbeing of cancer survivors (3 articles).Conclusions: Limited definitive evidence exists regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer survivors. Currently available literature provides preliminary indications of wide-ranging impacts of the pandemic on cancer survivors with respect to the requirement to adapt to new means of healthcare delivery as well as their physical, psychosocial and economic wellbeing. The pandemic has left survivors dealing with the consequences of rigorous cancer treatment in the context of new challenges related to social isolation, financial hardship and uncertainty with respect to their ongoing care. Additional rigorously designed research initiatives are required to elucidate the impact of the pandemic on cancer survivors.
Lived experience of women who underwent early removal of long-acting Contraceptive Methods: A phenomenological study
Authors: Obsa1* Mohammed Suleiman , Takiso Kassahun Tekle , Ayele Tamiru Tilahun , kercho Melkamu Worku , Koyra Hailu Chare , Hidota Kasahun Tafesse , Shanka Getahun Molla , kanche Zewde Zema , Hanfore Lolemo Kelbiso , Arba Miheretu Alemeyehu , Anjulo Antehun Alemeyehu
Published: October 2020

Background: Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in reducing maternal mortality. In Etiopia, the total fertility rate per woman is 4.6. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A phenomenological study design was employed to include a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women. Participants were recruited through the criterion sampling method. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. Transcripts were read and re-read separately to identify emerging themes. A thematic analysis technique was used.Results: This study revealed that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods were the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurring side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptives was one of the most frequently stated fears by clients. It was also stated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate.Conclusion: The majority of study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh the benefits. In addition, the counseling services provided by health care providers were not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Status of Palestinian Adults in the West Bank, Palestine; A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Asmar Imad T , Al-Shami Nimeh , Karsh Areefa A , AlFayyah Fuad A , Dagher Ro’a M , Jaghama Maram K , Naseef Hani
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a strain of SARS– CoV2. A lot of ministries chose mass lockdown protocol as a way to control the virus spread. One of the lockdown negative consequences is the impact of psychological status which includes a sense of boredom, confusion., psychological stress, anxiety, depression and physical effects. The purpose of this study was to assess and evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status for Palestinian adults, and to establish recommendations in order to promote and maintain psychological well-being during this pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Palestinian adults, 739 participant with mean age 31.76 filled the on-line questionnaire. Around one-third of respondents revealed having many signs of anxiety and around 42% of respondents expressed having many depression signs. Females were significantly more likely to have many depression signs, while health care workers, those who deal directly with confirmed cases of Covid-19 and who assist in providing health care for a diagnosed Covid-19 patient were significantly less likely to have many depression signs compared to others. Regarding the participants’ income, those with increased income were significantly more likely to have almost no signs of depression compared to others. However, COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on the mental status, the majority of participants have signs of anxiety and depression
Central Nervous System thrombotic microangiopathy in COVID-19 patients: an intriguing hypothesis?
Authors: Agostinis Cristina , Napolitano Angela , Cava Mariangela , Giazzi Emilio , Gianatti Andrea , Gritti Paolo , Rifino Nicola , Longhi Luca Giovanni , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Sessa Maria , Gerevini Simonetta
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 disease are being increasingly recognized. A growing number of studies has been showing CNS abnormalities on brain imaging.Purpose is to describe brain imaging findings of a population of COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations and peculiar abnormalities on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequences.Methods: we retrospectively evaluated imaging data from 50 patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection, who underwent a brain MRI because of neurological symptoms between March and June 2020.We focused on those presenting with abnormalities on brain MRI on SWI (positive MRI, P-MRI). We also carried out comparative investigations using patients without SWI abnormalities (negative MRI, N-MRI) as a control group. Non-parametric tests were used. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: From 50 patients presenting with neurological symptoms, 10 patients showed brain abnormalities on SWI (P-MRI). Mean age in P-MRI group was 63±12 years; 7 were men. Six patients were admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and needed invasive ventilation support. P-MRI subjects showed lymphopenia and significantly higher levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen. No significant differences were found in the coagulation profile. MRI showed diffuse SWI hypointense lesions mostly in occipital and temporal lobes, predominantly located at the grey-white matter junction. Genu and splenium of corpus callosum were involved in 8 of 10 patients. No restricted diffusion or enhancement was associated to SWI lesions.Conclusions: SWI abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 with neurological symptoms may reflect microvascular endothelial damage in the setting of a pro-inflammatory state.
Information and communication support of project management processes and enterprise value
Authors: Aleksieienko Inna , Leliuk Svitlana , Poltinina Olga
Published: October 2020

The primary task for Ukrainian business at the present stage of it development is the development and implementation of effective mechanisms to improve the welfare of owners, which can be achieved through the management of investment projects. The realization of the outlined tasks depends on the investments that owners and investors are ready to invest in the development of business entities. The urgency of the issue of information and communication support of project management processes and the value of the enterprise is amplified in the context of the spread of information technology in all areas of enterprise activity. The place of information and communication support in the process of managing the value of the enterprise and projects is specified. Modeling of the business process of enterprise value management is carried out. The tools for improving the efficiency of enterprise project management taking into account project constraints are systematized. The expediency of using information and communication support of project and project management processes for the development and implementation of enterprise cost management strategy is proved. The study results allow combining the approaches to enterprise value and project management based on the use of modern information and communication software, which satisfies the requirements of modern times and modern market economy, oriented towards implementing the innovative instruments of business entities’ financial management.
Managing the capital force impulse of the agrarian enterprise: transfer approach
Authors: Fomina Olena , Moshkovska Olena , Luchyk Svitlana , Manachynska Yulia , Androsenko Olena
Published: October 2020

In the current conditions of globalization and European integration trends, domestic agricultural companies use the transfer pricing mechanism when exporting agricultural products, which on one hand allows owners to increase the efficiency of internal management, and on the other to hide real profits and reflect unprofitable production in financial statements. At the same time, traditional double-entry bookkeeping and financial reporting (including those prepared in accordance with IFRS) are unable to show the real power momentum of domestic agricultural enterprises profitability (their return on capital). This narrows the circle of potential investors when making decisions on the feasibility of investing financial resources in the development of Ukrainian agricultural sector. The purpose of the study is to develop a 3D-form of the Actuarial Report on Capital Force Impulse (3D - ARCFI), which informational content will provide an objective assessment of the capital force impulse of an agricultural enterprise and help to attract investment in its development. The object of the study is the process of actuarial accounting and 3D reporting as information subsystems for controlling the capital power momentum at domestic agricultural enterprises. The research methodology is based on the application of 3D-recording method and classical mechanics methods in displaying information from the actuarial accounting system on 3D-force accounts to develop a model of power momentum management of an agricultural entity return on capital as an alternative approach to transfer pricing based on informational filling of 3D-ARCFI with the help of net profit method. The study results showed dependence of domestic agricultural enterprises investment attractiveness on the qualitative informational filling of the actuarial management reporting in 3D format. The practical value of the results received confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed 3D-model of profit power momentum management within the transfer approach based on accounting-informational basis of 3D-ARCFI, which will contribute to an objective perspective assessment of agricultural companies return on equity power momentum and increase their market investment attractiveness. AcknowledgmentThe article has been prepared within the research project “Business Value Management” (state registration No. 0118U000131) implemented in the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics.
Comparison of neuroglobin distribution and expression in the retina of adult yak and cattle
Authors: DU XIAOHUA , MAWOLO JAMES BLACKAR , MI XIAOYU , YANG YANG , LIU XIA
Published: October 2020

The yak belongs to the genus Bos and is therefore related to cattle (Bos primigenius species). The yak may have diverged from cattle at any point between one and five million years ago, and the yak is supposed to be more closely related to cattle than to other members of its designated genus. Here, we evaluated the distribution of neuroglobin (NGB) expression in the retina of adult yak and cattle. Five healthy yaks and five cattle were used in the study. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed to assess the distribution of NGB in the retina of adult yak and cattle. The results demonstrated that NGB was expressed at high levels in the retina of adult yak and cattle in the ganglion cell layer, outer plexiform layer, photoreceptor inner segments, and pigment epithelial layer (+++). Medium NGB expression was found in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and photoreceptor outer segments (++). In contrast, NGB was only weakly expressed in the inner nuclear layer (+), while no expression was found in the outer nuclear layer (–). Expression in the inner limiting membrane, outer limiting membrane, and optic nerves of the cattle was weak (+) and comparable to expression in the adult yak. No NGB expression was found in the outer nuclear layer of both yak and cattle. The level of NGB expression in the retinal ganglion cell layer, kernel layer, optic nerve, and photoreceptor inner segments was significantly higher in yak than in cattle (P < 0.05). These results suggest that NGB might play an important role in oxygen homeostasis of the retina and normal function of the optic nerve of yak and cattle under high-altitude hypoxic conditions. Nevertheless, its specific functional mechanism needs further investigation.