bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: (E)‐3‐(TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐2‐PROPEN‐1‐OL. AN IMPROVED PREPARATION
Authors: DENMARK S. E. , JONES T. K.
Published: May 2016

Propargylalkohol (I) wird über die Grignardverbindung zu (II) silyliert und dann der Reduktion mit Lithiumalanaten unterworfen, wobei je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen unterschiedliche Anteile an den isomeren Trimethylsilylpropenolen (III) und (IV) bzw. auch das gesättigte 3‐Trimethylsilyl‐1‐propanol (V) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF TRIALKYL(HALOMAGNESIOETHYNYL)SILANES WITH TETRAETHOXYSILANE
Authors: VORONKOV M. G. , YAROSH O. G. , SHCHUKINA L. V.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Reaktion von äquimolaren Mengen Trialkyl‐brommagnesium‐ethinyl‐silan (I) und Tetraethoxysilan (II) entsteht l‐Trialkyl‐2‐triethoxysilyl‐acetylen (III) neben Bistrialkylsilylethinyl‐dioxethylsilan (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SILICON‐SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL CATIONS
Authors: SNIDER B. B. , KARRAS M.
Published: May 2016

Aus den S‐ilyl‐alkinen (I) entstehen in Gegenwart von Ni‐acetylacetonat mit Methylgrignardreagenz und Trimethylaluminium die Silylolefine (II), die mit Ethylenoxid (III) zu den Alkoholen (IV) reagieren und dann in die Tosylate (V) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SELECTIVE OPENING OF α,β‐EPOXY KETONE TRIMETHYLSILYL ENOL ETHERS BY CUPRATE REAGENTS: SELECTIVITY REVERSAL IN TETRAHYDROFURAN
Authors: SCHLECHT M. F.
Published: May 2016

Das Epoxid (I) reagiert mit Lithiumdimethylcuprat unter Ringöffnung zu einem Gemisch der Alkohole (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NITROGEN‐CONTAINING ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. CIX. SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF SILICON SALTS OF ORGANIC DIAMINES
Authors: LUKEVITS E. , KIMENIS A. A. , VEVERIS M. M. , ATARE Z. A. , POPOVA E. P.
Published: May 2016

Es wird untersucht, ob die Curare‐ ähnliche biologische Aktivität einiger siliciumorganischer Verbindungen von der Substitution am quartären Stickstoffatom abhängt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATED ETHYLENAMIDE DERIVATIVES OF URACILS ‐ PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: BESYADETSKAYA E. I. , SEMENYUK T. N. , POTOPALSKII A. I. , IVASIRKA S. V. , SARCHUK L. F. , TSEGELSKII A. A. , SHCHESYUK D. A. , LUTSEVICH D. D. , KONTSEVICH L. S. , PINYAZHKO B. O. , BASILIYA L. I. , ONISHCHIK F. D.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Umsetzung der Uracile (I) mit den ‐Phosphorverbindungen (II) bzw. (IV) werden in 3‐Stellung ethylaminophosphorylierte Uracilderivate (III) bzw. (V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: FT‐IR AND FLUOROMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF RARE‐EARTH AND METALLIC ION SOLVATION. PART 3. SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF ANHYDROUS SOLUTIONS OF EUROPIU PERCHLORATE AND EUROPIUM NITRATE IN N,N‐DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors: BUENZLI J.‐C. G. + , YERSIN J.‐R.
Published: May 2016

Mittels Leitfähigkeitsmessungen sowie schwingungs‐ und elektronenabsorptions‐ und ‐emissionsspektroskopischer Untersuchungen und Bestimmung der Fluoreszenzlebensdauer werden wasserfreie Lösungen von Eu(ClO4)3 und Eu(NO3)3 in DMF untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE TITANACYCLOBUTANE‐TITANAETHYLENE INTERCONVERSION. INVESTIGATION OF A DEGENERATE OLEFIN METATHESIS REACTION
Authors: LEE J. B. , OTT K. C. , GRUBBS R. H.
Published: May 2016

Eine kinetische Untersuchung der Reaktion des Titanacyclobutans (I) mit Diphenylacetylen (II) zu (III) zeigt, daß der Austausch erster Ordnung in bezug auf (I) und nullter Ordnung in bezug auf (II) innerhalb eines großen Konzentrationsbereichs ist.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF ARYLLEAD(IV) TRICARBOXYLATES. REACTION WITH SILYL ENOL ETHERS
Authors: BELL H. C. , PINHEY J. T. , STERNHELL S.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Enolethern (I) bzw. (II) entstehen durch Reaktion mit dem Bleitriacetat (III) die Pb(IV)‐Verbindungen (IV) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHINES, ARSINES, AND STIBINES. XXXIII. (BROMOMETHYL)BIS((TRIMETHYLSILYL)METHYL)ARSINE: SYNTHESIS AND METALATION TO COMPLEXES WITH η1‐ OR η2‐COORDINATED ARSINOMETHYL LIGANDS
Authors: MEYER A. , HARTL A. , MALISCH W.
Published: May 2016

Die Pyrolyse des Arsorans (I) bei reduziertem Druck liefert unter Trimethylsilylbromid‐Eliminierung über intermediäres Bromo‐bis‐[trimethylsilylmethyl]‐methylenarsoran das Arsin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, AND KINETICS OF THE REACTION OF MANGANESE(0) RADICALS MN(CO)3(R3P)2 WITH TRIBUTYLTIN HYDRIDE
Authors: MCCULLEN S. B. , BROWN T. L.
Published: May 2016

Photochemische Substitutionsreaktionen der Dimeren (I) mit den Phosphinen liefern die Mn (0)‐Radikale (II), die stabil sind, wenn die Größe der Phosphine die Bildung der Metall‐Metall‐Bindung verhindert.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE MONOHYDROGENATION OF CROSS‐CONJUGATED CYCLOHEXADIENONES WITH IRON CARBONYLS AND WATER
Authors: EILBRACHT P. , JELITTE R.
Published: May 2016

Die Cyclohexadienone (I) werden mit Nonacarbonyldieisen in Gegenwart von Wasser unter milden Bedingungen selektiv monohydriert, als Tricarbonyl‐Fe‐dienol‐Komplexe (II) abgefangen und damit vor Weiterhydrierung geschützt.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC ELECTRON RESERVOIRS. 7. ONE‐STEP MULTIPLE FORMATION OF CARBON‐CARBON BONDS IN CPFE+(ARENE) SANDWICHES AND UNUSUAL C6ET6 GEOMETRY IN THE X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CPFE+(η6‐C6ET6) PF6‐
Authors: HAMON J.‐R. , SAILLARD J.‐Y. , LE BEUZE A. , MCGLINCHEY M. J. , ASTRUC D.
Published: May 2016

Sterische Einflüsse auf die Alkylierung von Alky1‐Substituenten von monokationischen Cyclopentadienyl‐nQaren‐Fe‐Verbindungen mit überschüssigem Alkylhalogenid und K‐tert‐butylat werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLACYCLOALKANES. VI. FIVE‐ TO SEVEN‐MEMBERED (2,2′‐BIPYRIDINE)NICKELACYCLOALKANES FROM METHYLENECYCLOPROPANE AND NICKEL(0) COMPOUNDS
Authors: BINGER P. , DOYLE M. J. , BENN R.
Published: May 2016

In Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen werden aus Methylencyclopropan (II) und dem Ni(0)‐ Komplex (I) der n′‐Methylencyclopropan‐Ni‐Komplex (III) oder die Bipyridin‐nickelacycloalkane (IV)‐(VII) erhalten, die 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopisch und durch Abbaureaktionen identifiziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLRUTHENIUM(II) COMPOUNDS AND THEIR β‐HYDROGEN ELIMINATION INTO (η2‐ALKENE)HYDRIDORUTHENIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: LEHMKUHL H. , GRUNDKE J. , MYNOTT R.
Published: May 2016

Durch Umsetzung des Chloro‐Ru(II)‐Komplexes (I) mit prim. Alkyl‐MgCl‐Verbindungen sowie mit Cyclopropyl‐MgCl werden die entsprechenden Alkyl‐Ru‐Komplexe (II) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 11,14‐DIACETOXY‐13‐(ACETOXYMETHYL)PODOCARPA‐8,11,13‐TRIENE. CORRECTION OF PROPOSED STRUCTURE FOR PREMNOLAL
Authors: MATSUMOTO T. , IMAI S. , YUKI S.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (XI) wird aus dem Abietatriensäureester (I) über die Stufen (II)‐(X) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSFORMED STEROIDS. 126. SYNTHESIS AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ISOMERIC ANDROSTA‐D′‐PENTARANES (15,16‐CYCLOHEX‐3′‐ENOANDROSTANES)
Authors: KAMERNITSKII A. V. , GALAKHOVA T. N. , LEVINA I. S. , PAVLOV V. A. , EL'YANOV B. S.
Published: May 2016

Das nach bekannten Verfahren zugängliche Steroid (I) bildet mit den Butadienen (II) unter Druck ein Gemisch der diastereomeren Addukte (III) und (IV), die chromatographisch getrennt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 16α‐HYDROXY‐17‐OXO STEROIDS BY CONTROLLED ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF CORRESPONDING 16‐BROMO‐17‐KETONES AND ITS REACTION MECHANISM
Authors: NUMAZAWA M. , NAGAOKA M. , OSAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

Aus den beiden Steroiden (Ia) und (Ib) erhält man mit Cußrz die Bromverbindungen (II), die bei einer alkalischen Hydrolyse über diskutierte Zwischenstufen mit Epoxid‐ Struktur zu den Folgeprodukten (III)‐(V) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES OF SULFANILIC ACID
Authors: DIVANYAN N. M. , GALSTYAN L. KH. , CHACHOYAN A. A. , GARIBDZHANYAN B. T. , STEPANYAN N. O. , BUNYATYAN ZH. M. , PARONIKYAN G. M. , AKOPYAN L. G. , PARONIKYAN R. V. , MNDZHOYAN O. L.
Published: May 2016

N‐Alkoxycarbonyl‐sulfanilsäurechlorid (I) reagiert mit Aminosäuren (II) bzw. deren Estern (III) zu den Sulfanil‐amiden (IV) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF S‐9‐FLUORENYLMETHYL‐L‐CYSTEINE
Authors: BODANSZKY M. , BEDNAREK M. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Herstellung des Cystein‐Derivates (III), in dem die SH‐Gruppe mit (II) durch den Fluorenylmethyl‐Rest (Fm‐ Rest) geschützt ist, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM CUBAN PLANTS. ALKALOIDS FROM TABERNAEMONTANA CITRIFOLIA
Authors: KUTNEY J. P. , PEREZ I.
Published: May 2016

Aus T. citrifolia werden 13 Alkaloide isoliert und identifiziert; eines von ihnen, (‐)‐19‐Oxovoacristin (Ib), wurde erstmals in der Natur gefunden.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PART 183. THE STRUCTURE OF THE CALABASH CURARE ALKALOID CALEBASSININE‐1
Authors: GUGGISBERG A. , PREWO R. , BIERI J. H. , HESSE M.
Published: May 2016

Die Struktur der Titelverbindung (I), isolierbar aus Strychnos solimoesana Kruk.
ChemInform Abstract: SCELETIUM ALKALOIDS. STRUCTURES OF FIVE NEW BASES FROM SCELETIUM NAMAQUENSE
Authors: JEFFS P. W. , CAPPS T. M. , REDFEARN R.
Published: May 2016

Die Strukturen der Alkaloide (I)‐(V) werden diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PHOSPHOTRIESTER SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBOOLIGONUCLEOTIDES. THE USE OF HINDERED PRIMARY AMINES AND A NEW ISOLATION PROCEDURE
Authors: HSIUNG H. M.
Published: May 2016

Am Beispiel der geschützten Mononucleotide (I) werden Reaktionen zur Decyanoethylierung mit Aminen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 4‐(1,2,4‐TRIAZOL‐1‐YL)‐PYRIMIDIN‐2(1H)‐ONE RIBONUCLEOTIDE AND ITS APPLICATION IN SYNTHESIS OF OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDES
Authors: SUNG W. L.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Uridin (I) entsteht nach Phosphorylierung mit (II) und Behandeln mit Triazol (III) sowie Ethylencya.nhydrin (IV) bei kurzer Reaktionszeit der Phosphorester (V), der mit weiterem Phosphoresterchlorid und Triazol (III) zu (VI) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDOMONIC ACIDS. I. SYNTHESIS OF KEY INTERMEDIATES
Authors: SCHOENENBERGER B. + , SUMMERMATTER W. , GANTER C.
Published: May 2016

Die enantioselektive Synthese des Acetonids (VIII) und seiner Derivate (IX) und (X) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: MACROLIDE NEUTRAL SUGAR CHEMISTRY. CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF OLEANDOMYCIN Y TO 3‐(2,6‐DIDEOXY‐L‐α‐ALLOSYL)OLEANDOMYCIN Y AND 3‐(2,6‐DIDEOXY‐L‐α‐GALACTOSYL)OLEANDOMYCIN Y
Authors: NAGEL A. A. , VINCENT L. A.
Published: May 2016

Die beiden Antibiotica Oleandomycin Y (Ia) und Oleandomycin (Ib) werden modifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE STEREOSELECTIVE ROUTE TO THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE CODLING MOTH VIA THERMOLYSIS OF AN ALLYLIC SULFOXIDE
Authors: BABLER J. H. , HAACK R. A.
Published: May 2016

Aus trans‐Crotylbromid (Ia) entsteht ein Sulfid (Ib), das nach Metallierung zu (IIa) substituiert und weiter zum Sulfoxid (IIb) oxidiert wird.
Simplified flare combustion model for flare plume rise calculations
Authors: Rahnama Kamran , De Visscher Alex
Published: May 2016

The dispersion of plumes released from stacks depends on wind speed, plume emission rate, stack height, and other meteorological and stack variables. Plume rise is an important aspect of plume dispersion because it increases the apparent release height, which leads to lower ground‐level concentrations. Plume rise linked with flare combustion has received only minimal attention in the literature to date, despite its importance. This study develops a numerical model of plume rise with flare combustion based on material, heat, mass, and momentum balances. The basis of the model is a numerical plume rise model used in CALPUFF to model plume rise of large buoyant area sources, and is also used in PRIME (plume rise model enhancements), which models building downwash. The proposed model considers the reaction kinetics. The competition between CH4 and CO combustion causes a modification of the temperature profile of up to 3 % in comparison with an instantaneous reaction model. Moreover, emissivity, which plays an important role in the heat conservation equations but which was only parameterized in an earlier work, is calculated more directly to increase the accuracy of the model. It was found that soot is the main contributor to flame emissivity. Finally, the air dispersion model CALPUFF was run according to the proposed flare model and an empirical flare model by Beychok to compare results of the models. This new flare method is sufficiently simple to be embedded into air dispersion modelling software such as CALPUFF.
Nanoscale Control Over Interfacial Properties in Mixed Reverse Micelles Formulated by Using Sodium 1,4‐bis‐2‐ethylhexylsulfosuccinate and Tri‐n‐octyl Phosphine Oxide Surfactants
Authors: Odella Emmanuel , Falcone R. Darío , Silber Juana J. , Correa N. Mariano
Published: May 2016

The interfacial properties of pure reverse micelles (RMs) are a consequence of the magnitude and nature of noncovalent interactions between confined water and the surfactant polar head. Addition of a second surfactant to form mixed RMs is expected to influence these interactions and thus affect these properties at the nanoscale level. Herein, pure and mixed RMs stabilized by sodium 1,4‐bis‐2‐ethylhexylsulfosuccinate and tri‐n‐octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) surfactants in n‐heptane were formulated and studied by varying both the water content and the TOPO mole fraction. The microenvironment generated was sensed by following the solvatochromic behavior of the 1‐methyl‐8‐oxyquinolinium betaine probe and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The results reveal unique properties of mixed RMs and we give experimental evidence that free water can be detected in the polar core of the mixed RMs at very low water content. We anticipate that these findings will have an impact on the use of such media as nanoreactors for many types of chemical reactions, such as enzymatic reactions and nanoparticle synthesis.
Surface Nanostructures Composed of Thiolated Cyclodextrin/Au and Fe Species: Gas‐ and Liquid‐Phase Preparation
Authors: Halaszova Sona , Jerigova Monika , Lorenc Dusan , Prochazka Michal , Velic Dusan
Published: May 2016

Supramolecular surface nanostructures have application potential as functional devices. The complex combination of thiolated cyclodextrin, chemisorbed on an Au surface (Au‐S‐CD), with deposited Fe species is studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The Fe species are prepared by pulsed laser ablation in water and thermal effusion in vacuum. Using laser ablation in water, the solution of Fe species is dropped on Au‐S‐CD, where mass peaks at 1227 m/z, 1243 m/z, and 1260 m/z are observed and assigned to C42H68O34SNa‐Fe+, C42H68O34SK‐Fe+ together with C42H68O34SNa‐FeO+, and C42H68O34SK‐FeO+, respectively. On the other hand, laser ablation directly linked to the Au‐S‐CD surface results in desorption of CD‐S. Thermal effusion, even with a cooled surface, was negative with respect to the complex observation. Laser ablation results in the formation of a supramolecular host–guest complex of the form Au‐S‐CD‐Fe, and in the formation of an adduct of the form Au‐S‐CD‐FeO.
Metal–Metalloporphyrin Framework Modified with Flexible tert‐Butyl Groups for Selective Gas Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Wojtas Lukasz , Aguila Briana , Jiang Pingping , Ma Shengqian
Published: May 2016

The rational design of multitopic organic linkers and access to the single‐crystal structures of their metal–organic frameworks violate a long‐standing thesis where it is expected to steer the system toward multifunctional MOFs. Here, a porphyrin that is covalently functionalized with pendant tert‐butyl groups is used as a ligand having conformational freedom. The utilization of this custom‐designed porphyrinic derivative in MOF synthesis yields a novel metal–metalloporphyrin framework (MMPF‐14). As expected, the channels of MMPF‐14, which are filled with flexible tert‐butyl groups, act as molecular gates for the selective adsorption of gas molecules.
Do relaxed selection and habitat temperature facilitate biased mitogenomic introgression in a narrowly endemic fish?
Authors: Hulsey Christopher Darrin , Bell Katherine L. , García‐de‐León Francisco J. , Nice Chris C. , Meyer Axel
Published: May 2016

Introgression might be exceptionally common during the evolution of narrowly endemic species. For instance, in the springs of the small and isolated Cuatro Ciénegas Valley, the mitogenome of the cichlid fish Herichthys cyanoguttatus could be rapidly introgressing into populations of the trophically polymorphic H. minckleyi. We used a combination of genetic and environmental data to examine the factors associated with this mitochondrial introgression. A reduced representation library of over 6220 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome showed that mitochondrial introgression into H. minckleyi is biased relative to the amount of nuclear introgression. SNP assignment probabilities also indicated that cichlids with more hybrid ancestry are not more commonly female providing no support for asymmetric backcrossing or hybrid‐induced sex‐ratio distortion in generating the bias in mitochondrial introgression. Smaller effective population size in H. minckleyi inferred from the SNPs coupled with sequences of all 13 mitochondrial proteins suggests that relaxed selection on the mitogenome could be facilitating the introgression of “H. cyanoguttatus” haplotypes. Additionally, we showed that springs with colder temperatures had greater amounts of mitochondrial introgression from H. cyanoguttatus. Relaxed selection in H. minckleyi coupled with temperature‐related molecular adaptation could be facilitating mitogenomic introgression into H. minckleyi.
IL‐10 promotes homeostatic proliferation of human CD8+ memory T cells and, when produced by CD1c+ DCs, shapes naive CD8+ T‐cell priming
Authors: Nizzoli Giulia , Larghi Paola , Paroni Moira , Crosti Maria Cristina , Moro Monica , Neddermann Petra , Caprioli Flavio , Pagani Massimiliano , De Francesco Raffaele , Abrignani Sergio , Geginat Jens
Published: May 2016

IL‐10 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine that inhibits maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells (DCs). Although mature DCs have the unique capacity to prime CD8+ CTL, IL‐10 can promote CTL responses. To understand these paradoxic findings, we analyzed the role of IL‐10 produced by human APC subsets in T‐cell responses. IL‐10 production was restricted to CD1c+ DCs and CD14+ monocytes. Interestingly, it was differentially regulated, since R848 induced IL‐10 in DCs, but inhibited IL‐10 in monocytes. Autocrine IL‐10 had only a weak inhibitory effect on DC maturation, cytokine production, and CTL priming with high‐affinity peptides. Nevertheless, it completely blocked cross‐priming and priming with low‐affinity peptides of a self/tumor‐antigen. IL‐10 also inhibited CD1c+ DC‐induced CD4+ T‐cell priming and enhanced Foxp3 induction, but was insufficient to induce T‐cell IL‐10 production. CD1c+ DC‐derived IL‐10 had also no effect on DC‐induced secondary expansions of memory CTL. However, IL‐15‐driven, TCR‐independent proliferation of memory CTL was enhanced by IL‐10. We conclude that DC‐derived IL‐10 selects high‐affinity CTL upon priming. Moreover, IL‐10 preserves established CTL memory by enhancing IL‐15‐dependent homeostatic proliferation. These combined effects on CTL priming and memory maintenance provide a plausible mechanism how IL‐10 promotes CTL responses in humans.
A two‐step protocol for isolation of influenza A (H7N7) virions and their RNA for PCR diagnostics based on modified paramagnetic particles
Authors: Michalek Petr , Dostalova Simona , Buchtelova Hana , Cernei Natalia , Krejcova Ludmila , Hynek David , Milosavljevic Vedran , Jimenez Ana Maria Jimenez , Kopel Pavel , Heger Zbynek , Adam Vojtech
Published: May 2016

Annual epidemics of influenza cause death of hundreds of thousands people and they also have a significant economic impact. Hence, a need for fast and cheap influenza diagnostic method is arising. The conventional methods for an isolation of the viruses are time‐consuming and require expensive instrumentation as well as trained personnel. In this study, we modified the surface of nanomaghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) paramagnetic core with tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and the resulting particles were utilized for the isolation of H7N7 influenza virions. Consequently, we designed γ‐Fe2O3 paramagnetic core modified with calcium tripolyphosphate which was employed for the isolation of viral nucleic acid after virion's lysis. Both of these procedures can be performed rapidly in less than 10 min and, in combination with the RT‐PCR, the whole influenza detection can be shortened to few hours. Moreover, the whole protocol could be easily automated and/or miniaturized, and thus can serve as a basis for use in a lab‐on‐a‐chip device. We assume that magnetic isolation is an exceptional procedure which can significantly accelerate the diagnostic possibilities of a broad spectrum of diseases.
Novel Zn‐based MOFs stationary phase with large pores for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Tang Pingxiu , Bao Tao , Chen Zilin
Published: May 2016

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive stationary phases in the field of separation sciences for their unique properties such as large specific surface areas, high porosity, and diverse structures. However, there are few MOFs, which have ultrahigh porosities and gas uptake capacities. In this work, MOF‐180 with exceptional porosity, a cage size of 15 × 23 Å, was grown on inner wall of capillary as a novel stationary phase for open‐tubular CEC. It has been demonstrated that the MOF‐180‐modified capillary column exhibited good performance for separation of acidic, basic, and neutral analytes. As compared with MOF‐199‐modified column, MOF‐180‐modified column exhibited specific recognition and size selectivity to the tested compounds. The characteristics observed by SEM and FTIR indicated that MOF‐180 was successfully grafted on the inner wall of the capillary. The precisions (RSDs) of retention time, peak area, and W1/2 for methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, n‐propylbenzene, chlorobenzene, o‐dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene were 0.50–0.54%, 3.31–4.13%, 0.35–1.61%, 1.73–4.22%, 2.67–4.37%, and 1.60–3.38%, respectively. Besides, the run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day, and column‐to‐column RSDs of EOF were 0.6%, 4.19%, and 4.31%, respectively.
Evaluation of an alternative chlorine production process for energy saving toward sustainability
Authors: Ghannadzadeh Ali , Sadeqzadeh Majid
Published: May 2016

Exergetic‐based solutions are proposed in this work to reduce the energy footprint of an alternative chlorine production process. By presenting exergy analysis results in the form of visualized exergetic process flowsheets using a solution panel, this study does not only find the low‐exergy‐efficient unit operations, but also proposes ways to improve the exergy efficiency based on the major sources of irreversibility of individual unit operations. Based on the amount of exergy losses, the alternative chlorine production process is divided into three main functional blocks. The total internal and external exergy losses for the entire process are calculated as 14,523.5 and 286.1 kJ/kg, respectively. The electrolysis block shows the highest potential for improvements with the largest exergy loss (responsible for more than 96.0% of total losses; with 14,093.2 kJ/kg of internal losses and 146.5 kJ/kg of external losses). Isothermal mixing, lower reaction temperature, and reduced pressure drop are suggested as avenues for improvement. Exergy losses in the gas treatment block with total exergy losses of 411.7 kJ/kg (equivalent to 2.8% of total losses) are mainly due to the cooling column (241.9 kJ/kg), where modifications in column might be helpful as concentration and temperature gradients along the tower are sources of exergy loss. The highest exergy loss in the feed pretreatment block with the total exergy losses of 158.2 kJ/kg (i.e., 1.1% of total losses) belongs to the mixers (106 kJ/kg) where isothermal and also isobaric mixing is required. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1512–1520, 2016
Oxidative stress response of the aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Okupnik Annette , Pflugmacher Stephan
Published: May 2016

The present study investigated the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on the oxidative stress response in Hydrilla verticillata. Macrophytes were exposed to different concentrations of TiO2-NPs (0 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 10 mg/L) for 24 h, based on currently predicted levels of nano-TiO2 in surface waters. In addition, TiO2-NPs with varying crystalline status were used to assess the potential influence of crystalline phases on oxidative stress responses. The level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG), and activities of the antioxidative enzymes peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured and compared with a bulk counterpart. Although POD was not considered to be active, the results imply an activation of the enzymatic defense system, because increased CAT and GR activities were observed. Exposure to bulk TiO2 revealed lower enzyme activities at all exposure concentrations, suggesting a nano-specific influence on the antioxidative defense mechanisms in H. verticillata. Moreover, all TiO2-NP concentrations resulted in a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, indicating high GSH-dependent metabolic activity to protect against the destructive effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during nano-TiO2 exposure. As the level of H2O2 was solely elevated after exposure to 10 mg/L of P25, it appears plausible that the adaptive metabolic mechanisms of H. verticillata are able to cope with environmentally relevant concentrations of TiO2-NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2859–2866. © 2016 SETAC
Comparative study on proximate, functional, mineral, and antinutrient composition of fermented, defatted, and protein isolate of Parkia biglobosa seed
Authors: Ogunyinka Bolajoko I. , Oyinloye Babatunji E. , Osunsanmi Foluso O. , Kappo Abidemi P. , Opoku Andrew R.
Published: May 2016

The use of plant‐derived foods in the prevention, treatment, and management of metabolic diseases especially diabetes has gained prominence; this has been associated with their physicochemical properties. This study was conducted to compare the proximate, functional, mineral, and antinutrient composition of the fermented seeds, the defatted seeds, and the protein isolate from Parkia biglobosa seeds. The results showed that the fermented, defatted, and protein isolate varied in composition within the parameters studied. The proximate analysis revealed that the protein isolate had the highest ash (6.0%) and protein (59.4%) as well as the lowest fat (5.7%) and moisture (5.1%) content when compared to the fermented and defatted samples. In like manner, the functional properties of the protein isolate were relatively better than those of the fermented and defatted samples, with oil absorption capacity of 4.2% and emulsion capacity of 82%. The magnesium and zinc content of the protein isolate were significantly higher when compared with the fermented and defatted samples, while a negligible amount of antinutrient was present in all the samples, with the protein isolate having the lowest quantity. The overall data suggest that the protein isolate had better proximate, mineral, functional, and antinutrient properties when compared to the fermented and defatted samples. Therefore, the synergistic effect of all these components present in the protein isolate from P. biglobosa seed in association with its low carbohydrate and high protein/ash contents could play a vital role in the management of diabetes and its associated complications.
Forecasting Stock Return Volatility: A Comparison of GARCH, Implied Volatility, and Realized Volatility Models
Authors: Kambouroudis Dimos S. , McMillan David G. , Tsakou Katerina
Published: May 2016

We investigate the information content of implied volatility forecasts for stock index return volatility. Using different autoregressive models, we examine whether implied volatility forecasts contain information for future volatility beyond that in GARCH and realized volatility models. Results show implied volatility follows a predictable pattern and confirm the existence of a contemporaneous relationship between implied volatility and index returns. Individually, implied volatility performs worse than alternate forecasts, however, a model that combines an asymmetric GARCH model with implied and realized volatility through (asymmetric) ARMA models is preferred model for forecasting volatility. This evidence is further supported by consideration of value‐at‐risk. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:1127–1163, 2016
Fact learning in complex arithmetic—the role of the angular gyrus revisited
Authors: Bloechle Johannes , Huber Stefan , Bahnmueller Julia , Rennig Johannes , Willmes Klaus , Cavdaroglu Seda , Moeller Korbinian , Klein Elise
Published: May 2016

In recent theoretical considerations as well as in neuroimaging findings the left angular gyrus (AG) has been associated with the retrieval of arithmetic facts. This interpretation was corroborated by higher AG activity when processing trained as compared with untrained multiplication problems. However, so far neural correlates of processing trained versus untrained problems were only compared after training. We employed an established learning paradigm (i.e., extensive training of multiplication problems) but measured brain activation before and afte training to evaluate neural correlates of arithmetic fact acquisition more specifically. When comparing activation patterns for trained and untrained problems of the post‐training session, higher AG activation for trained problems was replicated. However, when activation for trained problems was compared to activation for the same problems in the pre‐training session, no signal change in the AG was observed. Instead, our results point toward a central role of hippocampal, para‐hippocampal, and retrosplenial structures in arithmetic fact retrieval. We suggest that the AG might not be associated with the actual retrieval of arithmetic facts, and outline an attentional account of the role of the AG in arithmetic fact retrieval that is compatible with recent attention to memory hypotheses. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3061–3079, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of orbital invasion in sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Lisan Quentin , Kolb Frédéric , Temam Stéphane , Tao Yungan , Janot François , Moya‐Plana Antoine
Published: May 2016

Background

Indications for preservation of orbital contents in case of malignant sinonasal tumors invading the orbit remain controversial.

Methods

A retrospective consecutive review was conducted of patients in a tertiary care center over a 15‐year period.

Results

Ninety‐three patients were diagnosed with a malignant tumor invading the orbit. Eighty‐three were treated with curative intent of which 58 underwent surgery. Mean follow‐up was 45 months. Orbital preservation was feasible in 66% of cases, whereas orbital clearance was performed in cases of locally advanced disease (invasion of extraocular muscles, ocular globe, or orbital apex). Local control rate was 70% for patients treated with orbital clearance and 74% for those with orbital preservation, with no statistical difference. Five‐year survival and 5‐year relapse‐free survival were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

Using our strategy, the eye can be spared in more patients than what is currently proposed, without oncologic or survival disadvantages. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708–1716, 2016
Complications after surgery for benign parotid gland neoplasms: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ruohoalho Johanna , Mäkitie Antti A. , Aro Katri , Atula Timo , Haapaniemi Aaro , Keski–Säntti Harri , Takala Annika , Bäck Leif J.
Published: May 2016

Background

Prospective studies on procedure‐specific incidences of complications after benign parotid surgery are lacking. Predictive factors for postoperative facial dysfunction remain controversial.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study on 132 patients undergoing parotid surgery for benign parotid neoplasms. We analyzed complication rates and assessed risk factors of postoperative transient facial palsy.

Results

Facial palsy rate was 40.2% on the first postoperative day, 28.3% at 2 weeks, 3.9% at 6 months, and 1.6% at 12 months. Immediate postoperative palsy rates in subgroups of partial superficial parotidectomy, superficial parotidectomy, extended parotidectomy, and ECD were 41.5%, 43.8%, 53.8%, and 6.3%, respectively. Age, duration of surgery, and use of ultrasound knife were identified as risk factors for transient facial palsy.

Conclusion

Depending on the operation type, up to half of the patients experience facial palsy after benign parotid surgery. Higher age and longer duration of operation increase the risk. The role of operative instrumentation requires further studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 170–176, 2017
Physical activity from menarche to first pregnancy and risk of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Ying , Tobias Deirdre K. , Sturgeon Kathleen M. , Rosner Bernard , Malik Vasanti , Cespedes Elizabeth , Joshi Amit D. , Eliassen A. Heather , Colditz Graham A.
Published: May 2016

Breast tissue is particularly susceptible to exposures between menarche and first pregnancy, and a longer interval between these reproductive events is associated with elevated breast cancer risk. Physical activity during this time period may offset breast cancer risk, particularly for those at highest risk with longer menarche‐to‐first‐pregnancy intervals. We used data from 65,576 parous women in the Nurses’ Health Study II free of cancer in 1989 (baseline) and recalled their leisure‐time physical activity at ages 12–34 in 1997. Current activity was collected at baseline and over follow‐up. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Between 1989 and 2011, 2,069 invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Total recreational activity between menarche and first pregnancy was not significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. However, physical activity between menarche and first pregnancy was associated with significantly lower breast cancer risk among women in the highest category of a menarche‐to first‐pregnancy interval (≥20 years; RR for the highest versus the lowest quartile = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.55–0.97; Ptrend = 0.045; Pinteraction = 0.048). This was not observed in women with a shorter interval. Physical activity between menarche and first pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among women with at least 20 years between these reproductive events. This may provide a modifiable factor that women can intervene on to mitigate their breast cancer risk associated with a longer interval.
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 4 Antagonizes Osteoblast Differentiation Through Dishevelled
Authors: Zhou Fangfang , Li Fang , Fang Pengfei , Dai Tong , Yang Bing , van Dam Hans , Jia Junling , Zheng Min , Zhang Long
Published: May 2016

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a pivotal role and is essentially required for the osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In this study, we found ubiquitin-specific peptidase 4 (USP4) to strongly inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling by removing Lysine-63 linked poly-ubiquitin chain from Dishevelled (Dvl). Ectopic expression of USP4 promoted β-catenin poly-ubiquitination and thus inhibited Wnt-induced accumulation of cytosolic β-catenin and counteracted Wnt-induced transcriptional activity. Moreover, USP4 knockdown or USP4 knockout led to an increase in the active β-catenin levels and in activation of Wnt/β-catenin-induced transcription. Functional studies in C2C12 myoblasts and KS483 osteoprogenitor cells showed that ectopic expression of USP4 resulted in impaired activation of endogenous Wnt3a-induced genes and decreased osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, whereas USP4 depletion showed the opposite effect. These results identify USP4 as a novel regulator of Dvl in Wnt/β-catenin signal and show its involvement in Wnt3a-induced osteoblast differentiation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Angiogenesis and Inflammation Crosstalk in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Capitão Margarida , Soares Raquel
Published: May 2016

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes and one of the most frequent causes of blindness in active age. Etiopathogenesis behind this important complication is related to several biochemical, hemodynamic and endocrine mechanisms with a preponderant initial role assumed by polyol pathways, increment of growth factors, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), activation of protein kinase C (PKC), activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), and leukostasis. Chronic and sustained hyperglycemia works as a trigger to the early alterations that culminate in vascular dysfunction. Hypoxia also plays an essential role in disease progression with promotion of neovascularization and vascular dystrophies with vitreous hemorrhages induction. Thus, the accumulation of fluids and protein exudates in ocular cavities leads to an opacity augmentation of the cornea that associated to neurodegeneration results in vision loss, being this a devastating characteristic of the disease final stage. During disease progression, inflammatory molecules are produced and angiogenesis occur. Furthermore, VEGF is overexpressed by the maintained hyperglycemic environment and up‐regulated by tissue hypoxia. Also pro‐inflammatory mediators regulated by cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), and growth factors leads to the progression of these processes, culminating in vasopermeability (diabetes macular edema) and/or pathological angiogenesis (proliferative diabetic retinopathy). It was found a mutual contribution between inflammation and angiogenesis along the process. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2443–2453, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of an Oral Busulfan Test Dose in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Treated With or Without Fludarabine
Authors: de Castro Francine Attié , Simões Belinda Pinto , Godoy Ana Leonor Pardo Campos , Bertagnoli Trigo Fernanda Manuela , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Lanchote Vera Lucia
Published: May 2016

This study investigated the importance of an oral test dose for busulfan (BU) dose adjustment before a conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) and the effect of fludarabine (FLU) on the oral BU pharmacokinetics evaluated after the fifth treatment dose (first BU dose on day 2 of treatment). Twenty‐eight patients treated with oral BU (1 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 days) were divided into 2 groups according to the concomitant administration of FLU (n = 15; 30 mg/m2 for 5 days) or subsequent administration of cyclophosphamide (CY) (n = 13; 60 mg/kg for 2 days). On the day prior to the beginning of the conditioning regimen, blood samples were collected (0‐6 hours) after administration of an oral BU test dose of 0.25 mg/kg. Busulfan was quantified in plasma samples by LC‐MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonlin software. Blood samples were collected between the fifth and sixth treatment dose to confirm the mean plasma steady‐state concentration (Css) of BU. The AUC0‐6 and apparent clearance of BU did not differ (P < .05) between the groups receiving FLU and CY. In 81% of the patients who received BU doses adjusted based on the test dose (n = 21), the Css was within the target range of 600‐900 ng/mL. No association was observed between BU AUC0‐6 and clinical outcome in the study group (n = 28). The results suggest that in concomitant administration of FLU and BU during conditioning regimens for HSCT, changes in BU dose should be considered only after the administration of the fifth BU dose.
Metabolic profiles of cow's blood; a review
Authors: Puppel Kamila , Kuczyńska Beata
Published: May 2016

The term ‘metabolic profile’ refers to the analysis of blood biochemical parameters that are useful to assess and prevent metabolic and nutritional disorders in dairy herds. In the higher standards of milk production, the priority in modern breeding is keeping dairy cows in high lactation and healthy. The proper analysis, as well as control. of their feeding and metabolic status is immensely important for the health condition of the herd. The disproportion between the genetically determined ability for milk production and the limitations in improving the energy value of the ration may be the cause of metabolic disorders. Negative energy balance has a major impact on the body's hormonal balance and organ functions and mostly appears during transition periods: from 3 to 2 weeks prepartum until 2–3 weeks postpartum. The term ‘transition’ is used to underscore the important physiological, metabolic and nutritional changes occurring in this time. The manner in which these changes occur and how they are diagnosed and detected are extremely important, as they are closely related to clinical and subclinical postpartum diseases, lactation and reproductive performance – factors that significantly shape the profitability of production. Therefore the priority for intensive milk production is prevention of metabolic diseases and other disorders. It is the intent of this review to synthesize and summarize the information currently available on metabolic status and physiological changes in the cow's body that occur during lactation, as well as to discuss the interpretation of the results, which will be a useful diagnostic tool in nutritional evaluations of the dairy herd. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the quantification of ethylene glycol ethers in different household cleaning products
Authors: Pastor‐Belda Marta , Campillo Natalia , Hernández‐Córdoba Manuel , Viñas Pilar
Published: May 2016

A rapid and simple procedure is reported for the determination of six ethylene glycol ethers in cleaning products and detergents using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The analytes were extracted from 2.0 g samples in acetonitrile (3 mL) and the extract was submitted to a clean‐up step by QuEChERS method, using a mixture containing 0.3 g magnesium sulfate, 0.15 g primary/secondary amine, and 0.05 g C18. The clean acetonitrile extract (1 μL) was injected into the chromatographic system. No matrix effect was observed, so the quantification of the samples was carried out against external standards. Detection limits were in the range 3.0–27 ng/g for the six ethylene glycol ethers. The recoveries obtained, using the optimized procedure, were in the 89.4–118% range, with relative standard deviations lower than 14%. Twenty‐three different household cleaning products, including glass cleaner, degreaser, floor, softeners, and clothes and dishwashing detergents, were analyzed. Large interindividual variations were observed between samples and compounds.
Sexual Health in Male and Female Iraq and Afghanistan U. S. War Veterans With and Without PTSD: Findings From the VALOR Cohort
Authors: Breyer Benjamin N. , Fang Shona C. , Seal Karen H. , Ranganathan Gayatri , Marx Brian P. , Keane Terence M. , Rosen Raymond C.
Published: May 2016

We sought to determine whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with sexual health in returned warzone‐deployed veterans from the recent Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. We studied 1,581 males and females from the Veterans After‐Discharge Longitudinal Registry, a gender‐balanced U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs registry of health care‐seeking veterans with and without PTSD. Approximately one quarter (25.1%) of males (n = 198) and 12.7% of females (n = 101) had a sexual dysfunction diagnosis and/or prescription treatment for sexual dysfunction. Both genders were more likely to have a sexual dysfunction diagnosis and/or prescription treatment if they had PTSD compared with those without PTSD (male: 27.3% vs. 21.1%, p = .054; female: 14.9% vs. 9.4%, p = .022). Among the 1,557 subjects analyzed here, males with PTSD had similar levels of sexual activity compared to those without PTSD (71.2% vs. 75.4%, p = .22), whereas females with PTSD were less likely to be sexually active compared to females without PTSD (58.7% vs. 72.1%, p < .001). Participants with PTSD were also less likely to report sex‐life satisfaction (male: 27.6% vs. 46.0%, p < .001; female: 23.0% vs. 45.7%, p < .001) compared with those without PTSD. Although PTSD was not associated with sexual dysfunction after adjusting for confounding factors, it was significantly negatively associated with sex‐life satisfaction in female veterans with a prevalence ratio of .71, 95% confidence interval [.57, .90].
Edaravone protects against cobalt chloride‐induced dysfunctions in apoptosis and invasion in trophoblast cells
Authors: Zheng YanFang , Zhao Yin , Luo QingQing , Liu XiaoXia , Liu XiaoPing , Hu Ying , Zou Li
Published: May 2016

This study was performed to investigate the effects of edaravone on hypoxia‐induced trophoblast cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. The trophoblast cell line HTR‐8 (H8) was treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) with or without a 1‐hr edaravone pretreatment, followed by assessment of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Metrics of apoptosis included measurement of cysteine‐aspartic acid protease 3 (CASP3) activity as well as BAX and BCL2 expression. Migration and invasion phenotypes were complemented with expression analysis of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) at the transcript and protein levels. CoCl2 inhibited the proliferation of H8 cells, promoted apoptosis, and up‐regulated CASP3 activation and BAX expression while inhibiting BCL2 expression. CoCl2 treatment also reduced the invasiveness of H8 cells by inhibiting MMP2 activity. Edaravone significantly increased H8 cell proliferation; inhibited apoptosis by down‐regulating CASP3 activation and BAX production while promoting BCL2 stability; and ameliorated the migration and invasion phenotypes associated with CoCl2 treatment. These results suggest that edaravone may rescue hypoxia‐induced abnormalities in H8 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, thereby protecting the trophoblast lineage against hypoxia. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 576–587, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of eNOS‐ and NOX‐containing microparticles in endothelial dysfunction in patients with obesity
Authors: Dimassi Saloua , Chahed Karim , Boumiza Soumaya , Canault Matthias , Tabka Zouhair , Laurant Pascal , Riva Catherine
Published: May 2016

Objective

To explore the pathophysiological profile of patients who have obesity and to investigate the potential role of circulating microparticles (MPs) in endothelial dysfunction in patients who have obesity.

Methods

The inflammatory and oxidative status and the cutaneous microvascular blood flow were characterized in 69 patients with android obesity and 46 subjects with normal weight (controls) by using laser Doppler flowmetry. Circulating MP levels were measured by flow cytometry, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression in MPs was investigated by Western blotting. MP effect on vascular reactivity was assessed in rat aorta rings.

Results

Patients with obesity showed endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In controls, low MP levels were positively correlated with normal microvascular function. Western blot analysis revealed reduced eNOS and increased NOX4D expression in MPs from subjects with obesity compared with controls. However, this was not correlated with endothelial dysfunction parameters and did not impair ex vivo endothelium‐dependent vasodilation.

Conclusions

These results suggest that MPs do not contribute directly to endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity. Conversely, eNOS‐ and NOX‐containing MPs could be involved in the compensatory mechanism of vascular endothelial cells to counteract the pathologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction.