bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of equilibrium tides on transit-timing variations of close-in super-Earths
Authors: Gomes G. O. , Bolmont E. , Blanco-Cuaresma S.
Published: May 2021

With the current growth in the discovery of close-in low-mass exoplanets, recent works have been published with the aim to discuss the influences of planetary interior structure parameters on both the shape of transit light curves as well as variations in the timing of transit events of these planets. One of the main aspects explored in these works is the possibility that the precession of the argument of periapsis caused by planetary tidal interactions may lead to unique effects on the transit light curves of the exoplanets, such as the so-called transit-timing variations (TTVs). In this work, we investigate the influence of planetary tidal interactions on the transit-timing variations of short-period low-mass rocky exoplanets. For this purpose, we employed the recently developed creep tide theory to compute tidally induced TTVs. We implemented the creep tide in the recently-developed Posidonius N-body code, thus allowing for a high-precision evolution of the coupled spin-orbit dynamics of planetary systems. As a working example for the analyses of tidally induced TTVs, we applied our version of the code to the K2-265 b planet. We analyzed the dependence of tidally induced TTVs with the planetary rotation rate, uniform viscosity coefficient, and eccentricity. Our results show that the tidally induced TTVs are more significant in the case where the planet is trapped in nonsynchronous spin-orbit resonances, in particular the 3/2 and 2/1 spin-orbit resonant states. An analysis of the TTVs induced separately by apsidal precession and tidally induced orbital decay has allowed for the conclusion that the latter effect is much more efficient at causing high-amplitude TTVs than the former effect by 2–3 orders of magnitude. We compare our findings for the tidally induced TTVs obtained with Posidonius with analytical formulations for the transit timings used in previous works, and we verified that the results for the TTVs coming from Posidonius are in excellent agreement with the analytical formulations. These results show that the new version of Posidonius containing the creep tide theory implementation can be used to study more complex cases in the future. For instance, the code can be used to study multiplanetary systems, in which case planet-planet gravitational perturbations must be taken into account in addition to tidal interactions to obtain the TTVs.
Parsec-scale alignments of radio-optical offsets with jets in AGNs from multifrequency geodetic VLBI, Gaia EDR3, and the MOJAVE program
Authors: Lambert S. , Liu N. , Arias E. F. , Barache C. , Souchay J. , Taris F. , Liu J. C. , Zhu Z.
Published: May 2021

Aims. We aim to study the relative positions of quasar emission centers at different wavelengths in order to help link the various realizations of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), and to unveil systematic uncertainties and individual source behavior at different wavelengths.

Methods. We based our study on four catalogs representing the ICRS, the ICRF3 positions in the three VLBI bands X, K, and Ka, and the Gaia EDR3 catalog in optical wavelengths. We complemented radio source positions with jet kinematics results from the MOJAVE team, allowing us to obtain jet directions on the sky. A six-parameter deformation model was used to remove systematic uncertainties present in the different catalogs.

Results. For a set of 194 objects common to the four catalogs and to the objects whose jet kinematics was studied by the MOJAVE team, we computed the orientation between positions at the different wavelengths and with respect to the directions of the jets. We find that the majority of these objects have their radio-to-optical vector along the jet, with the optical centroid downstream from the radio centroids, and that the K and Ka centroids are preferably upstream in the jet with respect to the X centroid, which is consistent with the paradigm of a simple core–jet model. For a population of multiwavelength positions aligned along the jet, astrometric information can therefore be used to measure the direction of the jet independently of imaging. In addition, we find several sources for which the optical centroid coincides with stationary radio features with a relatively high fraction of polarization, indicating optical emission dominated by a synchrotron process in the jet.
Stabilization of port-Hamiltonian systems by nonlinear boundary control in the presence of disturbances
Authors: Schmid Jochen , Zwart Hans
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with the stabilization of linear port-Hamiltonian systems of arbitrary orderN∈ ℕ on a bounded 1-dimensional spatial domain (a,b). In order to achieve stabilization, we couple the system to a dynamic boundary controller, that is, a controller that acts on the system only via the boundary pointsa,bof the spatial domain. We use a nonlinear controller in order to capture the nonlinear behavior that realistic actuators often exhibit and, moreover, we allow the output of the controller to be corrupted by actuator disturbances before it is fed back into the system. What we show here is that the resulting nonlinear closed-loop system is input-to-state stable w.r.t. square-integrable disturbance inputs. In particular, we obtain uniform input-to-state stability for systems of orderN= 1 and a special class of nonlinear controllers, and weak input-to-state stability for systems of arbitrary orderN∈ ℕ and a more general class of nonlinear controllers. Also, in both cases, we obtain convergence to 0 of all solutions ast→∞. Applications are given to vibrating strings and beams.
Strong rates of convergence for a space-time discretization of the backward stochastic heat equation, and of a linear-quadratic control problem for the stochastic heat equation
Authors: Prohl Andreas , Wang Yanqing
Published: May 2021

We verify strong rates of convergence for a time-implicit, finite-element based space-time discretization of the backward stochastic heat equation, and the forward-backward stochastic heat equation from stochastic optimal control. The fully discrete version of the forward-backward stochastic heat equation is then used within a gradient descent algorithm to approximately solve the linear-quadratic control problem for the stochastic heat equation driven by additive noise. This work is thus giving a theoretical foundation for the computational findings in Dunst and Prohl, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 38 (2016) A2725–A2755.
Neue Krankheit – alte Methode?
Authors: Zauner Bernhard
Published: May 2021

In der konventionellen Medizin gibt es bis heute weder eine kausale Therapie noch klare Behandlungsrichtlinien für Corona-Patienten. Nicht nur deshalb bietet sich die Homöopathie als symptomenbezogene Therapie für die Behandlung dieses Erkrankungsbildes an, vor allem für Patienten, die keine stationäre Behandlung benötigen. Anhand von Akutfällen, bearbeitet mit dem Symptomenlexikon und einer Analyse mit den MONARCH-Kriterien werden die Möglichkeiten bei dieser aktuellen und ständig präsenten Erkrankung gezeigt.
Covid-19: eine Herausforderung und eine Chance
Authors: Takacs Michael
Published: May 2021

Im folgenden Artikel werden die Erfahrungen des Autors in der homöopathischen Begleitbehandlung von Covid-19-Patienten an einem Bezirkskrankenhaus in Österreich sowie auch in der Praxis dargestellt und anhand einiger Fallbeispiele veranschaulicht.
Prophylactic Use of Natural Products against Developmentally Programmed Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Kasimu Ghandi , Adeshina Kehinde Ahmad , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Malami Ibrahim , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Abubakar Murtala Bello , Imam Mustapha Umar
Published: May 2021

Parental dietary choices and/or nutritional interventions in the offspring are critical to early life development, especially during the periods of active developmental plasticity in the offspring. Exposure to a high-fructose, high-fat diet during the fetal or neonatal period predisposes the affected individuals to the development of one or more features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and associated cardiovascular diseases, later in their life. Owing to the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome and multiple side effects that accompany conventional medicines, much attention is directed towards medicinal plants and phytochemicals as alternative interventions. Several studies have investigated the potential of natural agents to prevent programmed metabolic syndrome. This present review, therefore, highlights an inextricable relationship between the administration of medicinal plants or phytochemicals during the intrauterine or neonatal period, and the prevention of metabolic dysfunction in adulthood, while exploring the mechanisms by which they exert such an effect. The review also identifies plant products as a novel approach to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
Precision Medicine for Obesity
Authors: Cifuentes Lizeth , Hurtado A Maria Daniela , Eckel-Passow Jeanette , Acosta Andres
Published: May 2021

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a variable and underwhelming weight loss response to current treatment approaches. Precision medicine proposes a new paradigm to improve disease classification based on the premise of human heterogeneity, with the ultimate goal of maximizing treatment effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Recent advances in high-throughput biochemical assays have contributed to the partial characterization of obesity's pathophysiology, as well as to the understanding of the role that intrinsic and environmental factors, and their interaction, play in its development and progression. These data have led to the development of biological markers that either are being or will be incorporated into strategies to develop personalized lines of treatment for obesity. There are currently many ongoing initiatives aimed at this; however, much needs to be resolved before precision obesity medicine becomes common practice. This review aims to provide a perspective on the currently available data of high-throughput technologies to treat obesity.
Combination Therapies of Radioembolization and Systemic Agents for Primary and Secondary Liver Tumors
Authors: Hickey Ryan M.
Published: May 2021

This review provides an overview of studies in which radioembolization was combined with systemic agent(s). Several reports in the literature provide retrospective evaluation of the use of concomitant radioembolization with systemic agents; however, in an effort to limit the scope of this review to the highest levels of evidence available, the studies discussed are restricted to prospective phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of combination therapy.
Health Literacy and Web-Based Audiovisual Multimedia in Pituitary and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Gill Amarbir S. , Biggs Philip C. , Hagwood Garrett , Beliveau Angela M. , Shahlaie Kiarash , Strong E. B. , Steele Toby O.
Published: May 2021

Introduction The internet presents a rich milieu of multimedia options relating to pituitary and endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). Misinformation can create discordance between patient and provider expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the understandability and actionability of available ESBS and pituitary surgery audiovisual information on YouTube and Google.

Methods The top 50 videos generated by searching “pituitary surgery/transsphenoidal surgery” and “endoscopic skull base surgery” in both YouTube and Google were sorted by relevance. Two independent reviewers evaluated each for understandability and actionability based on the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for audiovisual material (PEMAT-A/V). Source, authorship, audience, and education/advertisement variables were collected. Chi-square test followed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed the association between these variables and quality.

Results A total of 85 videos (52 YouTube and 33 Google) met inclusion criteria for analysis. There was no significant difference in the presence of the aforementioned variables between YouTube and Google (p < 0.05). Also, 72% of videos targeted patients and 28% targeted surgeons. Academic institutions uploaded 58% of videos. Surgeon-targeted videos were more educational (p = 0.01) and patient-targeted videos involved more advertisement (p = 0.01). Understandability and actionability scores were below the 70% threshold for both YouTube (65 ± 15, 38 ± 33, p = 0.65) and Google (66 ± 12, 38 ± 26, p = 0.94). Patient-targeted videos (p = 0.002) were more understandable, while surgeon- (p < 0.001) and education-focused videos (p < 0.001) were more actionable.

Conclusion Understandability and actionability of YouTube and Google audiovisual patient information on ESBS and pituitary surgery is poor. Consideration should be given to the formation of a standardized patient information resource.
Transcavernous Approach for Gross Total Resection of a Dumbbell-Shaped Giant Trigeminal Schwannoma
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Avci Emel , Ozaydin Burak , Başkaya Mustafa K.
Published: May 2021

Trigeminal schwannomas are rare nerve sheet tumors that represent the second most common intracranial site of occurrence after vestibular nerve origins. Microsurgical resection of giant dumbbell-shaped trigeminal schwannomas often requires complex skull base approaches. The extradural transcavernous approach is effective for the resection of these giant tumors involving the cavernous sinus.

The patient is a 72-year-old man with headache, dizziness, imbalance, and cognitive decline. Neurological examination revealed left-sided sixth nerve palsy, a diminished corneal reflex, and wasting of temporalis muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant homogeneously enhancing dumbbell-shaped extra-axial mass centered within the left cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, and the petrous apex, with extension to the cerebellopontine angle. There was a significant mass effect on the brain stem causing hydrocephalus. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed erosion of the petrous apex resulting in partial anterior autopetrosectomy (Figs. 1 and 2).

The decision was made to proceed with tumor resection using a transcavernous approach. Gross total resection was achieved. The surgery and postoperative course were uneventful, and the patient woke up the same as in the preoperative period. MRI confirmed gross total resection of the tumor. The histopathology was a trigeminal schwannoma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. The patient continues to do well without any recurrence at 15-month follow-up.

This video demonstrates important steps of the microsurgical skull base techniques for resection of these challenging tumors.

The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/TMK5363836M
Large waves deep within oceans shape the seafloor
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: May 2021

Internal solitary waves can impact sediment suspension and transport, causing changes to the seabed landscape.
Study of corrective abrasive finishing for plane surfaces using magnetic abrasive finishing processes
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Zou Yanhua
Published: May 2021

On the basis of ordinary plane magnetic abrasive finishing, a finishing method is proposed that can improve the flatness of a plane workpiece. In this method, the feed speed is varied during finishing according to the profile curve of the initial surface and the material removal efficiency, to control the effective finishing time in different areas and thereby improve the surface flatness. A small magnetic pole with an end face diameter of 1 mm is designed, and a ferromagnetic plate is placed under the workpiece to improve the uniformity of the magnetic field distribution near the magnetic pole. An experiment on an A5052 aluminum alloy plate workpiece shows that after 60 min of finishing using the proposed method, the extreme difference of the workpiece surface can be reduced from 14.317 μm to 2.18 μm, and the standard deviation can be reduced from 3.322 μm to 0.417 μm. At the same time, according to the measurement results, a similar flatness can be achieved at different positions on the finishing area. Thus, the proposed variable-speed finishing method leads to obvious improvements in flatness.
Rapid 3D nanoscale coherent imaging via physics-aware deep learning
Authors: Chan Henry , Nashed Youssef S. G. , Kandel Saugat , Hruszkewycz Stephan O. , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , Harder Ross J. , Cherukara Mathew J.
Published: May 2021

Phase retrieval, the problem of recovering lost phase information from measured intensity alone, is an inverse problem that is widely faced in various imaging modalities ranging from astronomy to nanoscale imaging. The current process of phase recovery is iterative in nature. As a result, the image formation is time consuming and computationally expensive, precluding real-time imaging. Here, we use 3D nanoscale X-ray imaging as a representative example to develop a deep learning model to address this phase retrieval problem. We introduce 3D-CDI-NN, a deep convolutional neural network and differential programing framework trained to predict 3D structure and strain, solely from input 3D X-ray coherent scattering data. Our networks are designed to be “physics-aware” in multiple aspects; in that the physics of the X-ray scattering process is explicitly enforced in the training of the network, and the training data are drawn from atomistic simulations that are representative of the physics of the material. We further refine the neural network prediction through a physics-based optimization procedure to enable maximum accuracy at lowest computational cost. 3D-CDI-NN can invert a 3D coherent diffraction pattern to real-space structure and strain hundreds of times faster than traditional iterative phase retrieval methods. Our integrated machine learning and differential programing solution to the phase retrieval problem is broadly applicable across inverse problems in other application areas.
Metal chalcogenides: An emerging material for electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Jiajun , Chen Zelin , Ju Junping , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida
Published: May 2021

The excessive consumption of fossil energy caused an energy crisis and a series of environmental issues. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sustainable and clean energy sources. Electrocatalysts play an important role in the development of various new energy devices; in particular, high-efficiency and low-cost catalysts are essential for the large-scale application of these new devices. Among the many electrocatalysts, metal chalcogenides (sulfides, selenides, and tellurides) as emerging materials own abundant active sites and good electrical conductivity and are widely studied for their excellent electrocatalytic performances. This Perspective reviews the recent applications of metal chalcogenide materials in electrocatalysis, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and electrolyzing water and specifically summarizes different optimization strategies and catalytic reaction mechanisms. The several regulation strategies include heteroatom doping, phase engineering, heterostructures, and hybrid materials, which are capable of improving conductivity, increasing active site exposure, and reducing the energy barrier of catalytic reactions to enhanced electrocatalytic performances. In Sec. IV, the existing problems and future challenges are proposed for the improvement of catalytic performance of metal chalcogenide materials, which provide an insight into and valuable guidelines for the future development of high-efficiency and low-cost electrocatalysts for new energy devices.
Carers of older Australians: unmet support needs and carer well-being
Authors: Temple Jeromey , Dow Briony , Kosowicz Leona
Published: May 2021

Primary carers play an important role in supporting the Australian Government’s policy of ‘ageing in place’ or encouraging people to receive care in their own homes or communities rather than in institutions. Supporting carers in their role is therefore an important aspect of the policy’s success. Despite numerous programs in place, this study finds that among carers of older Australians, a relatively high proportion (39%) cite unmet needs in their carer role, including a need for financial support, physical assistance, emotional support, improvement in carer health and more respite care. Concerningly, unmet support needs were shown to be strongly associated with markers of poor carer well-being, including an almost 2-fold increase in odds of poor carer satisfaction (odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.51), a 4- to 5-fold increase in the odds of changes to physical and emotional well-being (OR 5.29, 95% CI 3.83–7.31), deterioration in financial situation (OR 4.60, 95% CI 3.26–6.48) and strained carer–recipient relationship (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.39–6.01).
A new energetics model for the assessment of the power‐duration relationship during over‐ground running
Authors: Vassallo Christian , Kilduff Liam P. , Cummins Cloe , Murphy Aron , Gray Adrian , Waldron Mark
Published: May 2021

We evaluated the reliability of an over‐ground running three‐minute all‐out test (3MT) and compared this to traditional multiple‐visit testing to determine the critical speed (CS) and distance > CS (D´). Using a novel energetics model during the 3MT, critical power (CP) and work > CP (W´) were also evaluated for reliability and compared to the multiple‐visit tests. Over‐ground running speed was measured using Global Positioning Systems during fixed‐speed trials on a 400 m track to exhaustion, at four intensities corresponding to: (i) maximal oxygen uptake (Vmax), (ii) 110% , (iii) Δ70% (i.e. 70% of the difference between gas exchange threshold and Vmax) and (iv) Δ85%. The participants subsequently performed the 3MT across two days to determine its reliability. There were no differences between the multiple‐visit testing and the 3MT for CS (P = 0.328) and D´ (P = 0.919); however, CP (P = 0.02) and W´ (P < 0.001) were higher in the 3MT. The reliability of the 3MT was stable (P > 0.05) between trials for all variables, with coefficient of variation ranging from 2.0–8.1%. The current over‐ground energetics model can reliably estimate CP and W´ based on GPS speed data during the 3MT, which supports its use for most athletic training and monitoring purposes. The reliability of the over‐ground running 3MT for power‐ and speed‐related indices was sufficient to detect typical training adaptations; however, it may overestimate CP (∼ 25 W) and W´ (∼ 7 kJ) compared to multiple‐visit tests.
Want to leave the ER? We offer vesicles, tubules, and tunnels
Authors: Phuyal Santosh , Farhan Hesso
Published: May 2021

Export from the ER is COPII-dependent. However, there is disagreement on the nature of the cargo-containing carriers that exit the ER. Two new studies from Shomron et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201907224) and Weigel et al. (2021. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.035) present a new model, where COPII helps to select secretory cargo but does not coat the carriers leaving the ER.
Go for the Golgi: Eating selectively with Calcoco1
Authors: Yamamoto Ai
Published: May 2021

Degradation by macroautophagy can be highly selective, but given the promiscuity of cargo receptors, questions remain surrounding how this selectivity is achieved. In this issue, Nthiga et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202006128) show how the adaptor Calcoco1 distinguishes cargo by how it binds.
The astro-primordial black hole merger rates: a reappraisal
Authors: Kritos K. , De Luca V. , Franciolini G. , Kehagias A. , Riotto A.
Published: May 2021

Mainly motivated by the recent GW190521 mass gap event which we take as a benchmark point, we critically assess if binaries made of a primordial black hole and a black hole of astrophysical origin may form, merge in stellar clusters and reproduce the LIGO/Virgo detection rate.
While two previously studied mechanisms
— the direct capture and the three body induced — seem to be inefficient, we propose a new “catalysis” channel based on the idea that a subsequent chain of single-binary and binary-binary exchanges may lead to the formation of a high mass binary pairs and show that it may explain the recent GW190521 event if the local overdensity of primordial black holes in the globular cluster is larger than a few.
Bulk-edge correspondence in the Haldane phase of the bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 Hamiltonian
Authors: Roy Sudipto Singha , Santalla Silvia N , Rodríguez-Laguna Javier , Sierra Germán
Published: May 2021

The Haldane phase is the prototype of symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases of spin chain systems. It can be protected by several symmetries having in common the degeneracy of the entanglement spectrum (ES). Here we explore in depth this degeneracy for the spin-1 Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki and bilinear-biquadratic Hamiltonians and show the emergence of a bulk-edge correspondence that relates the low energy properties of the entanglement Hamiltonian of a periodic chain and that of the physical Hamiltonian of an open chain. We find that the ES can be described in terms of two spins-1/2 behaving as the effective spins at the end of the open chain. In the case of non-contiguous partitions, we find that the entanglement Hamiltonian is given by the spin-1/2 Heisenberg Hamiltonian, which suggests a relationship between SPT phases and conformal field theory. We finally investigate the string order parameter and the relation with the bulk-edge correspondence.
Solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation for (n + 1) (2n + 1)-vertex models using a differential approach
Authors: Vieira R S , Lima-Santos A
Published: May 2021

The formal derivatives of the Yang–Baxter equation with respect to its spectral parameters, evaluated at some fixed point of these parameters, provide us with two systems of differential equations. The derivatives of the R matrix elements, however, can be regarded as independent variables and eliminated from the systems, after which, two systems of polynomial equations are obtained in their place. In general, these polynomial systems have a non-zero Hilbert dimension, which means that not all elements of the R matrix can be fixed through them. Nevertheless, the remaining unknowns can be found by solving a few simple differential equations that arise as consistency conditions of the method. The branches of the solutions can also be easily analyzed by this method, which ensures the uniqueness and generality of the solutions. In this work, we consider the Yang–Baxter equation for (n + 1) (2n + 1)-vertex models with a generalization based on the A

n−1 symmetry. This differential approach allows us to solve the Yang–Baxter equation in a systematic way.
A combined model of aggregation, fragmentation, and exchange processes: insights from analytical calculations
Authors: Robson Dominic T , Baas Andreas C W , Annibale Alessia
Published: May 2021

We introduce a mean-field framework for the study of systems of interacting particles sharing a conserved quantity. The work generalises and unites the existing fields of asset-exchange models, often applied to socio-economic systems, and aggregation-fragmentation models, typically used in modelling the dynamics of clusters. An initial model includes only two-body collisions, which is then extended to include many-body collisions and spontaneous fragmentation. We derive self-consistency equations for the steady-state distribution, which can be solved using a population dynamics algorithm, as well as a full solution for the time evolution of the moments, corroborated with numerical simulations. The generality of the model makes it applicable to many problems and allows for the study of systems exhibiting more complex interactions that those typically considered. The work is relevant to the modelling of barchan dune fields in which interactions between the bedforms and spontaneous fragmentation due to changes in the wind are thought to lead to size-selection. Our work could also be applied in finding wealth distributions when agents can both combine assets as well as split into multiple subsidiaries.
Generalized Uniform Distribution Using the Exponential Quantile Function
Authors: Hussein Sarmad Rahman , Al-Kadim Kareema Abad
Published: May 2021

In Current research, the study suggested that distribution is using for the exponential quantile function to define the W distribution. Correspondingly, there are many general properties of T-X system of distributions are considered. As a result, this study was obtained a new aspect of distribution by deriving the T-X family equation. After that the study was covered different mathematical and statistical properties, as well as the moments Reliabilities Analysis,) failure, reverse hazard) rate of the distribution derived. The parameters were valued by the maximum likelihood method.
Estimation Parameters Of The Multiple Regression Using Bayesian Approach Based On The Normal Conjugate Function
Authors: Najm Adel Abbood , Abood Ahmed Hamza , Al-Sabbah Shrook A S
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we have been used Bayes Technique depending on the normal conjugate function to estimate parameters of the multiple regression model, and we have been tested significance of this model. The test showed in the application that the mean square error (MSE) for the used model was decreasing, also it showed that the determinant coefficient is increasing highly. In the same time, value of the computed F-test was significant according to the above we can consider that the model is significant
A New Hybrid Meta-Heuristics Algorithms to Solve APP Problems
Authors: Kalaf Bayda Atiya , Mohammed Ghadeer Jasim , Salman Muna D.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm for linear programming model based on Aggregate production planning problems is proposed. The new hybrid algorithm of a simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. PSO algorithm employed for a good balance between exploration and exploitation in SA in order to be effective and efficient (speed and quality) for solving linear programming model. Finding results show that the proposed approach is achieving within a reasonable computational time comparing with PSO and SA algorithms.
Stability of GARCH models for prediction the exchange rate based on machine learning with time-varying
Authors: Dikheel Tahir R , Sami sura H
Published: May 2021

Recently, machine learning methods such as regression trees, Support Vector Machine and lasso have been widely used in many scientific fields where the variance of the random errors is homogenous or constant. This issue is disagreement with the data that is based on the time, such as financial data which is analysis by using time series. Unfortunately, the financial time series is instable as a result of fluctuations that happen during different time periods between relative calm and high turbulence. A great effort was paid in the literature to tackle this problem by combining machine learning with GARCH model. In this paper, we suggest estimating the variance of varying-time and parameters of machine learning methods to predict the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar (IQD) against (USD) with using an iterative procedure. Real data and simulation study are curried out to know the performance of our proposed procedure with others. The result shows that our proposed procedure outperforms than others.
Estimation the vasicek interest rate model driven by fractional Lévy processes with application
Authors: Al-Saadony M F , Al-Obaidi W J
Published: May 2021

In this article, we present that fractional Lévy processes which is very an important field in both probability theory and its application in recent years. The fractional Brownian motion is suggested as the fractional Lévy processes in this article. We will make parameters estimate of the Vasicek process driven by fractional Brownian motion, that represented the short memory parameter (0 < H < ½) and the long memory parameter (½ < H < 1). So, Our aim is to study the behavior of stochastitc Vasicek Interest driven by fractional Brownian motion. We use maximum likelihood to estimate the drift, diffusion and Hurst parameters and generally the fractional Lévy processes. We illustrate our methods, and show the behavior of stochastic parameters using simulation and real data (ISX60).
Generalized ridge estimator in negative binomial regression model
Authors: Rashad Nadwa Khazaal , Hammood Nawal Mahmood , Algamal Zakariya Yahya
Published: May 2021

The ridge estimator has been consistently demonstrated to be an attractive shrinkage method to reduce the effects of multicollinearity. The negative binomial regression model (NBRM) is a well-known model in application when the response variable is a count data with overdispersion. However, it is known that the variance of maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the NBRM coefficients can negatively affected in the presence of multicollinearity. In this paper, the generalized ridge estimator is proposed to overcome the limitation of ridge estimator. Several methods for estimating the shrinkage matrix have been adapted. Our Monte Carlo simulation results suggest that the proposed estimator, regardless the type of estimating method of shrinkage matrix is better than the MLE estimator and ridge estimator, in terms of MSE. In addition, some estimating method of shrinkage matrix can bring significant improvement relative to others.
Compare Between Histogram Similarity and Histogram Differencing For More Brief Key Frames Extraction from Video Stream
Authors: Naser Ekhlas Falih
Published: May 2021

Speedy increase in the employ of the content of multimedia is very commonly perceived in existing generations. Video is one of the extreme exceedingly recovered data of multimedia which can provide quick fixes and immediate gratification for whole the kinds of user information willingness. Detection of Key frame from Videos and classification of videos are the necessary protocols in the complements tasks of video retrieval. The aim of this research is to compare between histogram similarity and histogram differencing for more brief key frames extraction from video stream. The suggested system for key frame extraction has three steps. Firstly, the video frames series will take and the characteristics for points of interest are elicited utilizing SUSAN detector. After eliciting interest characteristics from all video frames images, secondly, K-Means clustering technique was utilized for these features to construct the clusters with a number of interest points. Thirdly, a histogram builds for each video frame based on numbers of features in each cluster. X-axis of a histogram represents the cluster number and y-axis represents the number of features in each cluster. For key frames extraction, numbers for each cluster can be offered and a query histogram can be constructed based on entered clusters’ numbers. A query histogram was matched with every video frame histogram using Manhattan distance to discover the similar histogram to query histogram. After chosen similar histogram, it can extract all key frames from that video frames. The experimental results show that the number of key frames extracted from the video is very brief when using the histogram similarity compared to the histogram differencing. For example, the number of key frames extracted from a car video is 70 when using the histogram similarity, while it is 180 when using the histogram differencing.
Object tracking based stereo vision
Authors: Alsalhi Israa Nasir
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we described a new method for moving objects (detection and tracking). The first step to determine the object tracking is the segmentation process through getting a background image and then comparing it with the foreground image. Separation of the background image from the foreground image is the result of this step to obtain an object. In further step, enhance the segmentation operation by using morphology to remove small noise. Finally, select the largest object, center and radius of the largest. Therefore, we can detect the object perfectly and then the tracking of all objects. In this process for finding out the location of the target, we observed less error in detection and was very accurate.
A Review: Isolated Arabic Words Recognition Using Artificial Intelligent Techniques
Authors: Shareef S R , Irhayim Y F
Published: May 2021

In recent few years, deep learning has fast growing in many fields as natural language processing, image recognition, handwriting recognition, computer vision, and speech recognition. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a technique that refers to translating spoken words from an acoustic waveform into a text equivalent to what the speaker says. More recently, the advances in deep learning can support ASR in improving the performance of systems accuracies. Arabic is a Semitic language, one of the oldest used and most communicated languages in the world. But, it least concentrated in the case of Arabic speech recognition and under-resourced languages. This paper presents a survey that focuses on an automatic speech recognition system based on isolating words technique for Arabic speech. It also highlights the facilities and tools for developing speech recognition systems. This work is intended to be a useful starting point for those who are interested in ASR.
Using Artificial Intelligence Methods For Diagnosis Of Gingivitis Diseases
Authors: Khaleel Baydaa I. , Aziz Mohammad Salim
Published: May 2021

Artificial Intelligence Techniques, and image processing are playing a major role in medical science. In this paper, several methods of artificial intelligence techniques were used to diagnose Gingivitis disease. The Bat swarm algorithm, the Self-Organizing Map(SOM) algorithm and the Fuzzy Self-Organizing Map (FSOM)network algorithm were used to diagnose Gingivitis disease. Also, was used the traditional algorithm, which is the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm, for Feature Extraction of Gingivitis disease images. We compute the diagnostic accuracy on this images dataset. Next, we compared the final results of these three methods used and applied to this data. In this paper the best of these methods is the BAT, because in testing state the BAT was obtained higher accuracy for diagnose of Gingivitis disease equal (97.942%).
Improved variational iteration method with the trapezoidal rule to solve fractional ordinary differential equations
Authors: Hamed Almutasim Abdulmuhsin , Entesar Ahmed , Al-Rawi Ekhlass S
Published: May 2021

In this work, a combined technique the Variation Iteration Method (VIM) with the Trapezoidal Rule (TR) was recommend to solve linear and nonlinear fractional ordinary differential equations (F.O.D.E.), where the results obtained from the Variation Iteration method were improved, and numerical results were obtained by determining the maximum absolute errors (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) for the given examples. As the results It is proved that that the proposed method is better than the default method.
Nano αg
Ị-open set
Authors: Esmaeel R B , Saeed Sufyan G
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this paper is define the notion Nano-αg
Ị-open set by using nano topological space and some properties of this set are studied also, nano-αg
Ị-β set and nano-αg
Ị-θ-closed set are two concepts that are defied by using Nano-αg
Ị-open set many examples have been cited two indicate that the reverse of the proposition and remarks is not true. Also an applied example was presented explains how to benefit from nano-αg
Ị- set.
On Soft Pre-Generalized-Closed Sets with New near Soft function
Authors: Hammood A A , Esmaeel R B
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to study new sets of soft closed and soft open sets by using soft pre-open sets with collection of a soft ideal which is said to be an a soft-ᶅ-pre-g-closed and soft-ᶅ- pre-g-open sets with some properties, examples and relationships between these concepts with soft pre-g * - closed and soft pre-g *-open.

New concepts of soft open and soft closed functions are defined by using these sets with some examples and scheme. Also, many continuous function by using these with examples and schemes are explained.
The Stability Analysis of the diseased predator-prey model incorporating migration in the contaminated environment
Authors: Abdulkadhim Murtadha M , Al-Husseiny Hassan Fadhil
Published: May 2021

We proposed and analyzed a predator–prey model. The disease effects in predator due to pollution in environment, as well the immigration factor effected is discussed. We assumed that, the population are divided into three parts prey, susceptible predator and infected predator. Firstly, the existence, uniqueness and bounded-ness of the solution of the model are discussed. Secondly, we studied the existence and local stability of all equilibrium points. Furthermore, some of the Sufficient conditions of the global stability of the positive equilibrium are established using suitable Lyapunov functions. Finally, those theoretical results are demonstrated with numerical simulations.
Random fixed point under contractive condition of integral type
Authors: Malih Sabah Hassan
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we establish random fixed point theorems for random contractive condition of integral type in complete metric space under RX–contraction. Also we prove common random fixed point theorems using random operator satisfying random conditions of integral type and RX.
Metrizability of Pseudo Topological Vector Spaces
Authors: Harbi Intesar , Al-Nafie Z D
Published: May 2021

In the present work, we introduce the notion of pseudo-seminorm, then we established, a criterion for the metrizability of a pseudo vector space 𝛯 with a pseudo topology 𝜏. It is specified, that for the metrizability of 𝛯 is necessary and sufficient that 𝛯 is first countable. Moreover, a sufficient condition for existence a base for the filter of neighborhoods of zero is proved and demonstrated that this condition introduces a compatible pseudo topology with the algebraic vector space structures.
Peristaltic Transport and Heat and Mass Transfer on a Power-law Fluid Flow in an Elastic Tapered Tube with Variable Cross-Section Induced by Dilating Peristaltic Wave
Authors: Murad Mohammed Ali , Abdulhadi Ahmed M
Published: May 2021

Peristaltic transport and heat and mass transfer on a power-law fluid flow in an elastic tapered tube with variable cross-section induced by dilating peristaltic wave was illustrated in this paper. Problem was studied under the assumption of long wavelength (δ ≪ 1) and low Reynolds number (Re ≪ 1). The different emerging parameters effect are explained graphically for the exact solutions of the temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient, rate of heat transfer and concentration of particles. The results showed that the temperature distribution and heat transfer coefficient are an increasing functions of the parameters power-law index n, dilation parameter k, amplitude ratio ϕ and volume of flow rate F whereas they are decreasing functions when the non-uniform parameter b increases. It is noted an opposite behaviour for the rate of heat transfer and concentration distribution. MATHEMATICA software is used to plot all figures.
Mn – polynomials of general thorn path graph
Authors: Mustafa Raghad A , Ali Ahmed M , Khidhir Abdul Sattar M
Published: May 2021

Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be any connected simple graph and S be any subset of V(G) such that the cardinality of S is n – 1, n ≥ 3. The maximum distance between a vertex ν, ν ∈ V(G) and S(S ⊆ V (G) is the maximum distance between ν and u for all u ∈ S such that the vertex ν is not belong to S, that is:

d

max

(
v
,
S
)
=
max
{
d
(
v
,
u
)
:
u
∈
S
}
,

|

S

|

=
n
−
1
,
3
≤
n
≤
p
,
v
∉
S
.

.

The maximum polynomial “Mn
– polynomial” of G which denoted by Mn (G;x) and defined by:

M

n

(
G
;
x
)

=

∑

k
=
m

δ

max
⁡

(
G
,
n
)

C

n

(
G
,
k
)

x

K

,

, where m = min{d

max
(ν,S),ν ∈ V – S, S ⊆ V} and C
n(G,K) be the number of pairs (ν,S), S ⊆ V(G), |S| = n – 1,3 ≤ n ≤ p, p = |V(G)| such that d

max
(ν,S) = k, for each m ≤ k ≤ δ

max
(G,n) and δ
max (G,n) = max

u∈V
{d

max
(u,S)}.

In this paper, we find the Mn
–polynomial and Hosoya polynomial for general thorn path and obtained some results.
Parameter estimation of a truncated regression model based on improving numerical optimization algorithms
Authors: Jameel Marwan Saleh , Basheer Ghalya Tawfeeq , Al-Bayati Abbas Y. , Algamal Zakariya Yahya
Published: May 2021

Limited dependent variable models, including truncated regression models, have traditionally been estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. The conventional optimization algorithms; which is known as Quasi-Newton algorithm namely BFGS Quasi-Newton algorithm is used to reach the optimum values for estimated parameters. In this paper, the nature-inspired algorithm is employed to improve the numerical optimization algorithms to better estimation. Our Monte Carlo simulation results suggest that our proposed improving can bring significant improvement relative to others, in terms of mean squared error and prediction mean squared error.
Common Fixed Point for a Pair of Asymptotically Nonexpansive and Multivalued Mapping Under Fibonacci Iteration Sequence in CAT (0) Space
Authors: Malih Sabah Hassan
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present a new iterations scheme for△ - convergence theorems of asymptotically and multivalued nonexpansive mapping in𝐶𝐴𝑇(0) spaces under the Fibonacci sequence
On grill nano topological spaces and its related with nano continuity
Authors: El Atik Abd El Fattah , Lellis Thivagar M. , Hussien Atef
Published: May 2021

Some new concepts of grill nano topological structures throughout this paper are presented and studied. We generalize the famous closure operators that can be induced by binary operations. Some basic investigations for proposed structures are discussed. In addition, the connection between rough sets and grill set theory can be illustrated via some numerous examples. Finally, a comparison between proposed approaches and other studies is established.
Violet Laser Irradiation Effect on The Optical Properties of Cobalt oxide (CoO2) Thin Films deposited via Semi-Computerized Spraying System
Authors: Al-Helaly Mushtaq Talib , Al-Tememee Nathera A.
Published: May 2021

The existing investigation explains the consequence of irradiation of violet laser on the optic properties of (CoO2) films. The film was equipped by the utilization of semi-computerized spray pyrolysis technique (SCSPT), it is the first time that this technique is used in the preparation and irradiation using a laser in this technique. From the XRD analysis, the crystalline existence with trigonal crystal system was when the received films were processed by continuous violet laser (405 nm) with power (1W) for different laser irradiation time using different number of times a laser scan (0, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 times) with total irradiation time(0,30,45,60,75,90 min) respectively at room temperature. The optic properties of CoO2 thin samples was struck by light of violet laser. The parameters such as the absorbance, coefficient of absorption coefficient of extinction refractive index, optic conductivity, the realε_1 and imaginaryε_2part of the dielectric constant of the films rises subsequently by laser irradiation, only the transmittance was decremented with laser ray of light. The optic energy gap was reduced from (1.98eV) without irradiation to (1.52eV) and subsequent laser irradiation, and there is a great alteration of optical energy gap values for photovoltaic (PV) utilization. As the results showed that the laser irradiation method has a clear change in the optical properties with less time and energy than the traditional annealing methods, this is the aim of the study.