bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elinikäisestä kasvajasta kykypääomakoneeksi
Authors: Kinnari Heikki
Published: December 2020

Elinikäistä oppimista on pidetty ratkaisuna väestön ikääntymiseen, teknologian kehittymiseen, globalisaatioon ja yhteiskunnan muutokseen liittyviin haasteisiin 1960-luvulta lähtien. Vaikka ongelmat ovat pysyneet samankaltaisina, niiden ratkaisut ja samalla elinikäisen oppimisen sisältö ovat muuttuneet vuosikymmenien saatossa merkittävästi. ’Elinikäinen oppiminen’ on poliittinen käsite, jonka sisältö kytkeytyy yhteiskuntapolitiikkaan ja määrittelijätahoon. Elinikäisen oppimisen politiikka tavataan jakaa kolmeen vaiheeseen: humanistiseen, talouden ja ”pehmeän” talouden sukupolveen. Tarkastelen kolmen ylikansallisen organisaation, Unescon, Euroopan unionin ja talouden ja kehityksen yhteistyöjärjestön OECD:n 2000-luvun elinikäisen oppimisen politiikkaa. Tutkimusaineisto kattaa 14 dokumenttia vuosilta 2005–2018. Näkökulma on hallinnananalyyttinen. Foucault’laisen diskurssianalyysin ja kriittisen politiikka-analyysin keinoin selvitän, millaista ihmisten ja miten järjestöjen politiikassa rakennetaan. Tutkimuksessa sovelletaan uudella tavalla foucault’laisia subjektivaatiotapoja koulutuspoliittisen tekstin analysoinnissa. Analyysissä keskitytään yrittäjämäisen talouden sukupolveen. Elinikäisen oppimisen yrittäjämäistyminen saa sisältönsä muuntuneen uusliberalismin laajentuneesta inhimillisen pääoman käsitteestä ja kompetenssipohjaisesta standardoinnista. Vallitsevassa poliittisessa rationaliteetissa korostunut yrittäjyyden eetos ja yrittäjyyskasvatuksen läpilyönti heijastuvat myös elinikäisen oppimisen politiikkaan.
Jotain vanhaa ja jotain uutta
Authors: Okkonen Hannu , Isotalus Pekka
Published: December 2020

Yliopistoista valmistuvilta edellytetään nykyisin monipuolisia viestintätaitoja. Siksi yliopistojen opetukseen on vakiintunut myös puheviestinnän opintojakso osaksi yliopistotutkintoihin sisältyviä pakollisia kieli- ja viestintäopintoja. Aikaisemmat selvitykset tästä opetuksesta osoittavat, että vuosikymmenien aikana opetuksessa on tapahtunut monenlaista kehitystä (Hyvärinen, Gerlander, Almonkari, & Isotalus, 2006; Gerlander, Hyvärinen, Almonkari, & Isotalus, 2009; Kaipomäki, 2011). Viime vuosina yliopistojen rakenteessa ja toiminnassa on kokonaisuudessaan tapahtunut suuria muutoksia. Myös viestinnän ilmiöt ja työelämässä tarvittava viestintäosaaminen ovat muutoksessa koko ajan. Lisäksi puheviestinnän opetusalan nimessä ja keskeisissä käsitteissä on tapahtunut muutoksia. Näistä on toistuvasti keskusteltu myös Prologoksen ProBlogissa, kuten esimerkiksi Jokirannan ym. (2018) kirjoituksessa, jossa kielikeskusten opettajia kannustetaan miettimään opetuksen keskeisintä sisältöä.

Tässä näkökulma-artikkelissa haluammekin kiinnittää huomiota puheviestinnän opetuksen nykytilaan kieli- ja viestintäopinnoissa erilaisten muutosten keskellä. Tarkastelun perusteella moni asia näyttää opetuksessa kuitenkin pysyneen varsin samanlaisena vuosien varrella, mutta muutoksiakin on sekä hyvään että huolestuttavaan suuntaan. Kymmenen vuoden aikana verkko-opetuksen hyödyntämisestä näyttää tulleen kiinteä osa myös tätä opetusta. Tarkastelumme myös viittaa vahvasti siihen, että valtakunnalliselle yhteistyölle olisi jälleen tarvetta ja aikanaan yhdessä mietittyjä opetuksen tavoitteita olisi syytä jälleen tarkastella kriittisesti.

Tarkastelumme perustuu Hannu Okkosen (2020) puheviestinnän pro gradu -tutkielmaan, jossa hän selvitti puheviestinnän opetuksen nykytilaa kieli- ja viestintäopinnoissa. Kysely lähettiin syksyllä 2019 noin sadalle puheviestinnän opettajalle, joista noin kolmasosa vastasi. Opinnäytteessä myös vertailtiin saatuja tuloksia systemaattisesti ja yksityiskohtaisesti aikaisemmin tehtyihin vastaaviin kyselyihin.
THE PROBLEM FACING BY PT. METRO BATAVIA TO PROVIDE COMPENSATION TO COSTUMERS BASED ON THE CONSTITUTION (A case study concerning Bankruptcy of PT. Metro Batavia)
Authors: Sofyan Tito , Irawan Candra , Vitalia Dya
Published: December 2020

Bankruptcy happened to airlines companies causes troubles not only on debtors but also on consumers as the expectant passengers that have purchased flight tickets. When PT. Batavia Air was sentenced bankruptcy by the Commerce Court then all operational activities shall stop. These halted Operational activities resulted loss on consumers since thousand of consumers that have bought tickets cannot fly. Verdict of Commercial Court of Jakarta Pusat No.77/Pailit/2012/PN.NIAGA.JKT.PST on January 30th, 2013 decided all activities concerning on properties are delegated to curator appointed by the court stated on verdict. For consumers that demand any compensation of loss, it is suggested to register a debt note in curator office. On Act No. 1 of 2009 concerning on airlines and Minister Regulation No. 77 of 2011 concerning responsibility of airline, it is stated that airlines are responsible to repay the whole cost of ticket spent by passengers. However, in the reality it is impossible to consumers to get the compensation since they stand as concurrent creditors which have no rights to get advanced repayment. The full repayment can only be possible to gain by consumers after curator complete the whole repayment process to separative and preference creditors.
ITSBAT NIKAH DECISIONS ISSUED BY THE RELIGIOUS COURTS OF CLASS 1A BENGKULU ON THE SPOUSES WHOSE ABSENCE IN MARRIAGE DOCUMENTS ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC MARRIAGE LAW
Authors: Agusta Kurniadi , Dahwal Sirman , Darudin Mohammad
Published: December 2020

In Bengkulu city, there is a marriage phenomenon done by the cultural law but not legally acknowledged in the data of ministry of religious office. Such a particular situation results in the absence of legal standing in terms of data. This being the case, spouses then ask for official marriage decisions or itsbat Nikah   to the office of ministry of religious so that they would receive marriage letter. To answer the problems, the method used is empirical law research method. Data are obtained through observation and interviews to informant judges, clerks and seekers of justice who apply for marriage. Furthermore, it is analyzed by qualitative juridical with deductive and inductive method, thus it can be drawn a conclusion to answer from every existing problem. The results of this study indicate that: 1) many spouses do not have a marriage document since they avoid sin due to adultery, and feel not ready materially and socially, become pregnant out of marriage, and are overwhelmed with the assumption that whether having marriage documents or not will be the same, 2) the legal consequences of marriage without a marriage certificate are considered invalid because such a marriage is illegal under the law No. 1/1974 stating that the wife also has no right to the livelihood and inheritance of the husband if he dies and is not entitled to, (3) the religious courts of Bengkulu states that it is important to issue the-so-called itsbat Nikah   or official documents to the spouses who have yet to legally declare their marriage as stated in the decree No.1/1974 for the betterment of the society.
ORTAOKUL SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERS KİTAPLARININ BECERİLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALTAY Nalan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma 2020-2021 Eğitim öğretim yılında okutulacak sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarında becerilerin yer alma durumunu ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır. 5.,6, ve 7.sınıf ortaokul ders kitaplarından birer tane tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma olarak hazırlanmış, betimsel çalışma olarak desenlemiştir. Söz konusu ders kitapları içerik analizine yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda sosyal bilgiler öğretim programında yer alan becerilere göre ders kitaplarının daha zengin içerik taşıdığı, ancak ders kitaplarında becerilerin öğrenme alanlarına dengeli bir şekilde dağılmadığı görülmüştür. Kimi beceriler çok sık işlenirken, kimi beceriler çok az veya hiç yer almamıştır.
Componentes do rendimento e composição química de grãos de genótipos de Salvia hispanica L. cultivados no Oeste do Paraná sob diferentes densidades populacionais
Authors: Pereira Debora , Schuelter Adilson Ricken , Dembocurski Diogo , Passos Fernanda Rengel dos , Maestre Keiti Lopes , Silva Edson Antônio da , Klen Marcia Regina Fagundes
Published: December 2020

O estudo teve o objetivo de comparar diferentes densidades populacionais de cultivo para genótipos de chia, ChiaSE e ChiaSB, para atributos de importância agronômica e composição química dos grãos. O experimento foi realizado em janeiro/maio de 2019 no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com três repetições em esquema fatorial, testando-se os genótipos ChiaSE e ChiaSB cultivados com 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 mil plantas.ha-1. Variáveis morfo-agronômicas e da composição química dos grãos foram avaliadas para todas as unidades experimentais. Os resultados revelaram que os genótipos emitem ramos no mesmo período e independente da população, iniciando o florescimento aos 90 dias. Detectou-se que a população tem influência sobre da altura das plantas, ocorrendo aumento da estatura com o incremento da densidade de plantas, ocorrendo acamamento para cultivos com 80 mil plantas.ha-1. Verificou-se também que o aumento populacional para ChiaSE resulta em maior número de ramos e inflorescências por planta em relação a ChiaSB, sem ocorrer mudanças do tamanho das inflorescências. A ChiaSE é mais produtiva comparado a ChiaSB, sendo que 70 mil plantas.ha-1 é a mais recomendada para produção de grãos.  Os grãos de ChiaSE e ChiaSB são ricos em proteínas e lipídeos, sendo que a população não tem efeito sobre a composição. Enfim, conclui-se que a chia pode ser cultivada em local de baixa altitude do Oeste do Paraná, sendo que ChiaSE é o genótipo mais promissor, e responde ao aumento da população sem influenciar a composição química dos grãos.
Percepção de acadêmicos sobre a relação entre a participação em grupos de estudo e rendimento em avaliações
Authors: Oliveira Tifanny Monteiro , Santos Francisca Alana de Lima , Lima Wenderson Pinheiro de , Bezerra Marcos Antônio Araújo , Camurça Antônio José dos Santos , Farias Elisângela de Lavor , Bomfim Ivo Saturno , Pita Neto Ivo Cavalcante
Published: December 2020

A corrida pela formação no ensino superior cresceu e, com isso, fez-se necessário que os educandos buscassem constantemente estratégias que venham a tornar a aprendizagem mais significativa, sendo o grupo de estudos uma opção. Deste modo, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a percepção de acadêmicos sobre a relação entre a participação em grupos de estudo e rendimento em avaliações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa. A mesma foi realizada com acadêmicos regularmente matriculados no curso de Fisioterapia de uma instituição de ensino superior privada. E a coleta de dados ocorreu através de um questionário contendo questões objetivas, utilizando a plataforma on-line Google Forms. Como resultado, observou-se que os acadêmicos atribuem uma importância considerável a participação em grupos de estudo como forma de aperfeiçoarem seus conhecimentos através das trocas mútuas de conhecimentos e do incentivo constante ao estudo. Contudo, evidenciou-se uma redução da dedicação aos estudos na modalidade remota, quando comparada com a modalidade presencial, bem como aumento da percepção negativa sobre o desempenho acadêmico. Ressalta-se a importância de adotar estratégias futuras que minimizem ainda mais os desafios inerentes ao ensino superior e que incentivem os alunos a buscarem dedicar-se ao estudo, independe da modalidade de ensino. Os grupos de estudo, portanto, vem a ser um instrumento de interação que pode facilitar este processo de aprendizagem dos acadêmicos para se obter um bom desempenho nas avaliações.
A sebészet 30 éves múltja és a sebész jövője
Authors: Kupcsulik Péter
Published: December 2020

Az elmúlt három évtizedben a lapa­rosz­kópos műtétek elterjedése forradalmasította a sebészetet. A német nőgyógyász, Kurt Semm a diagnosztikus laparoszkópiát mű­téti eljárásként használva, appendectomiát végzett. A sebész, Eric Mühe laparoszkópos cholecystectomiával gazdagította a sebészet eszköztárát. A laparoszkópos se­bészetet világszerte alkalmazni kezdték, sok eljárás még ma is felülmúlja a nyitott műtétekét. A morbid obesitas számtalan szövődménnyel és nagy halálozással jár. A dietetikai módszerek kudarca új sebé­szeti eljárások kifejlesztését hozta, az ered­mé­nyek váratlanul kitűnőek lettek. Meg­szü­le­tett a „metabolikus” sebészet. A plasz­tikai sebészet a korszerű eszközök és az egyre növekvő társadalmi elvárások piaci hatására hatalmasat fejlődött. Az anyagtechnológiai újításoknak is köszönhetően, az emlőrekonstrukció új utakra lépett. Az 1990-es években fejlesztették ki a „master-slave” ro­botot, melyet a sebész működtet. A ro­botsebészet jövője a költségek csökkentésétől, új megoldásoktól és az optimális al­kalmazás megtalálásától függ. A társ­szak­mákkal való együttműködés a sebészet to­vábbi fejlődésének elengedhetetlen része. Az új technológiák kétségtelen hatásai mellett a sebészi gondolkodás, a sebész személyisége, döntésképessége és szakmai tu­dása a további fejlődés alapvető feltétele.
A metamizol
Authors: Dumele Andreea
Published: December 2020

A közel 100 éve alkalmazott metamizol napjainkban reneszánszát éli, az évek során bizonyította hatékonyságát és kivívta népszerűségét. Különleges hármas (fájdalomcsillapító, lázcsillapító és görcsoldó) hatása révén széles az indikációs köre. A nem opioid analgetikumok között az egyik legerősebb fájdalomcsillapító. A metamizol prodrug, a szervezetben alakul át aktív metabolitokká. Hatásmechanizmusa komp­lex, még nem teljesen tisztázott. A klasszikus nemszteroid gyulladáscsökkentőkkel szemben csekély a gyulladáscsökkentő hatása. Súlyos, de nagyon ritka mellékhatása – az agranulocytosis – évekig hátráltatta használatát és még napjainkban is heves viták tárgya. A nemzetközi vizsgálatok alapján jól tolerálható, biztonságos szernek bizonyult. Mellékhatásprofilja eltér a nemszteroid gyulladáscsökkentőktől, így NSAID-kontraindikáció esetén kiváló alternatívát jelent. Jó vízoldékonysága alkalmassá teszi mind orális, mind parenteralis alkalmazásra. A hatékony, jó biztonsági profillal rendelkező metamizol hazánkban jogosan került ismét a vény nélkül kapható fájdalomcsillapítók közé.
ASSESSMENT OF THE WASHING EFFECTIVENESS OF ON-PURPOSE DESIGNED ECO-FRIENDLY CLEANER AGAINST SOOT DEPOSITS
Authors: Casari Nicola , Pinelli Michele , Suman Alessio , Vulpio Alessandro , Appleby Craig , Kyte Simon
Published: December 2020

The increment of the industrialization processes led to even more release of carbonaceous particulate into the environment. These airborne contaminants are produced by endothermic machines, coal combustion, heating systems, and production plants. Soot particles suspended into the air can overpass the inlet filters (if present) of gas turbines and deposit onto the internal parts of the compressor. This phenomenon, leading to the modification of the aerodynamic surface of the airfoils, is the main responsible for the gas turbine performance losses over time. This detrimental effect can be partially recovered by washing the compressor unit, frequently.
In this work, the assessment of the washing effectiveness against soot deposits of an on-purpose designed eco-friendly cleaner is provided. The removal effectiveness of this water-based cleaner is related to the capability to collect soot particles from surfaces, limiting redeposit phenomena over the stages. The experimental investigation has been carried out by injecting soot particles, under controlled conditions, into a multistage test axial compressor. Using image post-processing techniques, carried out over the entire compressor flow path, a quantitative evaluation of the washing capability has been assessed. Compared with demineralized water, the cleaner was found to be effective if high cleaning performances are expected.
Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes
isolated from garden soil
Authors: Doss Jacintha Jasmine , Joseph Singh Anita Rosemarie
Published: December 2020

Five different strains of Actinomycetes were isolated from rhizosphere soil sample taken from Tulsi gardens of Kayathar, Tuticorin District. Heat treated Tulsi growing rhizosphere soil samples (Kayathar, Tuticorin
District) were subjected to serial dilution and plated on starch casein
medium, incubated at 37 °C for 7 - 14 days. The isolated strains were subjected to morphological, biochemical and cultural characterisation to
study their spore morphology, asexual reproductive spores, substrate mycelial growth and enzyme degradation. Tests were performed as per International Streptomyces Project (ISP). Morphological and cultural characteristics showed that the strains AJ1, AJ2, AJ3, AJ4 and AJ5 belonged to the genus Actinomycete. The cultures showed substrate and aerial mycelial growth and also soluble pigments. Based on their morphology the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial activity against
pathogens. Antimicrobial activity was performed against seven clinical isolates. AJ1 was found to show maximum activity against Klebsiella, S.typhi and Enterobacter whereas AJ5 was found to show inhibitory activity against Klebsiella.
Миграционные планы выпускников российских школ: региональный аспект
Authors: Зыкина Ольга Александровна
Published: December 2020

Миграционный фактор может оказывать различное воздействие на социально-экономическое развитие территорий в зависимости от конкретных условий и сложившихся практик. На примере трех различных субъектов Российской Федерации  – Москвы, Калининградской и Кировской областей  – в статье сделана попытка рассмотреть взаимосвязь миграционной ситуации в регионе и миграционных установок молодого поколения. Анализ специфики миграционных процессов, проведенный на основе результатов ряда экспертных работ и сведений официальной государственной статистики за последние десять лет, позволяет выделить некоторые характерные направления в передвижении населения в каждом из выбранных регионов. В качестве эмпирических данных были взяты материалы массовых опросов школьников и студентов. Текущий срез миграционных намерений учащихся старших классов представлен в контексте региональных особенностей в стратегиях миграции молодежи, что дает возможность оценить потенциальную реализацию их планов в общероссийском масштабе. В целом можно говорить о вероятном сохранении в ближайшие годы сложившихся тенденций миграционного поведения молодежи. Все озвученные респондентами установки  – на смену своего постоянного места жительства либо, напротив, желании связать жизнь со своим настоящим местопребыванием  – соотносятся с данными о реальном перемещении молодых россиян для каждой из территорий.
The migration factor can have a different impact on the socio-economic development of territories, depending on the specific conditions and established practices. Using the example of three different subjects of the Russian Federation – Moscow, Kaliningrad and Kirov regions – the article attempts to study the relationship between the migration situation in the region and the migration attitudes of the younger generation. An analysis of the specifics of migration processes, based on the results of a number of expert works and information from official state statistics over the past ten years, suggests some typical directions for the Russian population movement in each of the regions. The empirical data are based on the results of a mass survey of high school and university students. This paper presents an up-to-date cross-section of the migration intentions of high school students in the context of regional aspects of youth migration strategies, which allows for assessing the feasibility of their plans on a national scale. In general, one can talk about the likely preservation of the prevailing trends in the migration behavior of young people in the coming years. All the attitudes reported by the respondents – to change their permanent place of residence or, onthe contrary, to stay within their current place of residence – correlate with the data on the real movements of young Russians for each of the territories.
Племя мрковичи на юге Черногории: изучение брачной географии
Authors: Морозова Мария Сергеевна , Дугушина Александра Сергеевна
Published: December 2020

Статья посвящена браку и брачным стратегиям славяноязычной племенной общности мрковичей (mrkovići) на юге Черногории в зоне славянско-албанских контактов на западе Балкан. Рассматриваемая общность демонстрирует связь видимых результатов контакта в лексической системе мрковичского говора с этносоциальной ситуацией в регионе в целом и в отдельно взятых селах. В центре внимания находится брачная география мрковичей – картографированные направления и частотность брачных контактов, отражение в них тенденций племенной эндогамии и экзогамии и влияние на практики межэтнического взаимодействия. Подробно анализируются брачные контакты четырех населенных пунктов региона: Дапчевичи (Dapčevići), Луне (Lunje), Добра-Вода (Dobra Voda), Веля-Горана (Velja Gorana). Исследование основано на материалах полевых интервью, проведенных авторами в селах мрковичей в ходе нескольких сезонов экспедиций 2012–2015 гг. Исследование включает в себя истории отдельных семей и родов в широком контексте социальных, исторических и языковых изменений. Брачные контакты мрковичей с их соседями визуализированы с помощью программного обеспечения Gephi, позволяющего получить четкое представление о географии браков мрковичей, плотности и направлениях их брачных связей. После рассмотрения частных случаев каждого из четырех сел предлагаются некоторые обобщения о динамике брачных контактов и специфике возникновения этнической и языковой экзогамии у мрковичей. В заключении сделана попытка использовать результаты, получение при анализе брачной географии мрковичей, для реконструкции общей картины славянско-албанского взаимодействия в условиях пограничья. Данные о брачных связях современных семейств в общности Мрковичи, сохраняющих свою «племенную» идентичность и память о нескольких поколениях предков, дополняют и уточняют сведения о миграционных процессах и этноязыковой ситуации прошлого на юге Черногории. Эти данные также расширяют представление о гетерогенности самого племени: дистрибуция брачных связей показывает, что, с одной стороны, племенная территория состоит из нескольких «брачных зон», соотносящихся с расселением старожильческого и пришлого населения и, с другой стороны, направления брачных контактов отображают развитие межэтнических связей мрковичей с соседними регионами.
Teprotumumab as a Novel Therapy for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Smith Terry J.
Published: December 2020

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) has remained a vexing and poorly managed autoimmune component of Graves’ disease where the tissues surrounding the eye and in the upper face become inflamed and undergo remodeling. This leads to substantial facial disfigurement while in its most severe forms, TAO can threaten eye sight. In this brief paper, I review some of the background investigation that has led to development of teprotumumab as the first and only US FDA approved medical therapy for TAO. This novel treatment was predicated on recognition that the insulin-like growth factor I receptor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of TAO. It is possible that a similar involvement of that receptor in other autoimmune disease may lead to additional indications for this and alternative insulin-like growth factor I receptor-inhibiting strategies.
Arbitration of Approach-Avoidance Conflict by Ventral Hippocampus
Authors: Bryant Kathleen G. , Barker Jacqueline M.
Published: December 2020

When environmental cues or stimuli that represent both rewarding and aversive outcomes are presented, complex computations must be made in order to determine whether approach or avoidance is the better behavioral strategy. In many neuropsychiatric illnesses these computations can be skewed. In some instances, circumstances that may normally warrant avoidance instead promote approach, thus producing compulsive-like behavioral strategies that are inflexible in response to new or conflicting information. Alternatively, high sensitivity to aversion or low sensitivity to reward can result in the failure to achieve goals and loss of resilience that characterizes depressive disorders. Increases in compulsive-like behavior have been found to be associated with disrupted signaling in regions that regulate response to conflicting stimuli, including the hippocampus. Classic behavioral inhibition theories of hippocampus function in anxiety suggest that the hippocampus blocks aberrant behavior in response to anxiety related cues or stimuli. The hippocampus may act to block approach in the face of conflicting stimuli. Dysregulations of hippocampal function, as may be present in neuropsychiatric disorders, may therefore promote aberrant approach behavior. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) subregion is key for coordinating this approach/avoidance conflict resolution, likely through its participation with cortico-striatal and mesolimbic circuits. We revisit Gray's behavioral inhibition theory of HPC function, first posited in the 1980s, and interpret in the context of new knowledge on vHPC function gained through modern technology. Taken together with the extant, classical literature on hippocampal function, we propose that these new findings suggest that vHPC circuits balance behavioral response to conflicting stimuli in a manner that is both state- and context-dependent and, further, that disruption of specific vHPC circuits tips the balance in favor of biased approach or avoidance behavioral strategies.
Abnormal Levels of Metal Micronutrients and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Perspective Review
Authors: Behl Supriya , Mehta Sunil , Pandey Mukesh K.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present review is to summarize the prevalence of abnormal levels of various metal micronutrients including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using hair, nail and serum samples. A correlation of selected abnormal metal ions with known neurodevelopmental processes using Gene Ontology (GO) term was also conducted. Data included in this review are derived from ASD clinical studies performed globally. Metal ion disparity data is also analyzed and discussed based on gender (Male/Female) to establish any gender dependent correlation. Finally, a rational perspective and possible path to better understand the role of metal micronutrients in ASD is suggested.
Simultaneous Load Disturbance Estimation and Speed Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Full Speed Range
Authors: Tian Yingming , Chai Yi , Feng Li
Published: December 2020

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), which are with the advantages of high torque-to-weight ratio and high efficiency, are widely applied in modern industrial systems. However, existing approaches may fail to accurately track the speed trajectory because of the load disturbances. This paper proposes an equivalent and combined control strategy to mitigate the slow time-varying load disturbances and decrease the overshoot for PMSM in full speed range. First, a state observer is proposed to reconstruct the current variables and speed state in the d-q axis. Hence, one can get the speed and position information without the sensors. Then, the disturbance and the load are estimated by the estimating law. Thus, it can reduce the effect of load and disturbances. Further, the PD control is introduced to weaken the overshoot. As a result, the speed trajectory can be more effectively hold both in high speed and low speed. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme and its robustness under different conditions.
An Adaptive Model-Based MPPT Technique with Drift-Avoidance for Grid-Connected PV Systems
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa , Abdelrahem Mohamed , Harbi Ibrahim , Kennel Ralph
Published: December 2020

In this article, a modified control structure for a single-stage three phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is presented. In the proposed system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function is developed using a new adaptive model-based technique, in which the maximum power point (MPP) voltage can be precisely located based on the characteristics of the PV source. By doing so, the drift problem associated with the traditional perturb and observe (P&O) technique can be easily solved. Moreover, the inverter control is accomplished using a predictive dead-beat function, which directly estimates the required reference voltages from the commanded reference currents. Then, the reference voltages are applied to a space vector pulse width modulator (SVPWM) for switching state generation. Furthermore, the proposed inverter control avoids the conventional and known cascaded loop structure of the voltage oriented control (VOC) method by elimination of the outer PI controller, and hence the overall control strategy is simplified. The proposed system is compared with different MPPT techniques, including the conventional P&O method and other techniques intended for drift avoidance. The evaluation of the suggested control methodology depends on various radiation profiles created in MATLAB. The proposed technique succeeds at capturing the maximum available power from the PV source with no drift in comparison with other methods.
A Case Study on Battery Energy Storage System in a Virtual Power Plant: Defining Charging and Discharging Characteristics
Authors: Kaczorowska Dominika , Rezmer Jacek , Jasinski Michal , Sikorski Tomasz , Suresh Vishnu , Leonowicz Zbigniew , Kostyla Pawel , Szymanda Jaroslaw , Janik Przemyslaw
Published: December 2020

A virtual power plant (VPP) can be defined as the integration of decentralized units into one centralized control system. A VPP consists of generation sources and energy storage units. In this article, based on real measurements, the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery energy storage system (BESS) were determined, which represents a key element of the experimental virtual power plant operating in the power system in Poland. The characteristics were determined using synchronous measurements of the power of charge and discharge of the storage and the state of charge (SoC). The analyzed private network also includes a hydroelectric power plant (HPP) and loads. The article also examines the impact of charging and discharging characteristics of the BESS on its operation, analyzing the behavior of the storage unit for the given operation plans. The last element of the analysis is to control the power flow in the private network. The operation of the VPP for the given scenario of power flow control was examined. The aim of the scenario is to adjust the load of the private network to the level set by the function. The tests of power flow are carried out on the day on which the maximum power demand occurred. The analysis was performed for four cases: a constant value limitation when the HPP is in operation and when it is not, and two limits set by function during normal operation of the HPP. Thus, the article deals not only with the issue of determining the actual characteristics of charging and discharging the storage unit, but also their impact on the operation of the entire VPP.
Depression, Loneliness, Social Support, Activities of Daily Living, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults at High-Risk of Dementia
Authors: Kim Sunghee , Choe Kwisoon , Lee Kyoungsook
Published: December 2020

As the number of older adults with dementia increases, early diagnosis and intervention are crucially important. The purpose of this study was to conduct dementia screening on older adults to determine whether there are differences in depression, loneliness, social support, daily activities of living, and life satisfaction between older adults at high-risk for dementia compared with low-risk older adults. We hypothesized a negative relationship between high-risk older adults and these factors. This study also hypothesized a moderating effect for social support on the relationship between daily living activities and life satisfaction. This study used a cross-sectional design with survey data. Participants were recruited at 15 public community health centers in South Korea. A total of 609 older adults (male 208, female 401) living in the community were screened for early dementia, and 113 participants (18.9%) were assigned to the high-risk group. As hypothesized, participants in the high-risk group showed significantly more negative results in terms of activities of daily living, depression, loneliness, social support, and life satisfaction compared with participants in the low-risk group. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the importance of early screening for dementia and policies for effective dementia prevention.
Anti-Kir4.1 Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis: Specificity and Pathogenicity
Authors: Imamura Michie , Higuchi Osamu , Maeda Yasuhiro , Mukaino Akihiro , Ueda Mitsuharu , Matsuo Hidenori , Nakane Shunya
Published: December 2020

The glial cells in the central nervous system express diverse inward rectifying potassium channels (Kir). They express multiple Kir channel subtypes that are likely to have distinct functional roles related to their differences in conductance, and sensitivity to intracellular and extracellular factors. Dysfunction in a major astrocyte potassium channel, Kir4.1, appears as an early pathological event underlying neuronal phenotypes in several neurological diseases. The autoimmune effects on the potassium channel have not yet been fully described in the literature. However, several research groups have reported that the potassium channels are an immune target in patients with various neurological disorders. In 2012, Srivastava et al. reported about Kir4.1, a new immune target for autoantibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Follow-up studies have been conducted by several research groups, but no clear conclusion has been reached. Most follow-up studies, including ours, have reported that the prevalence of Kir4.1-seropositive patients with MS was lower than that in the initial study. Therefore, we extensively review studies on the method of antibody testing, seroprevalence of MS, and other neurological diseases in patients with MS. Finally, based on the role of Kir4.1 in MS, we consider whether it could be an immune target in this disease.
Cell Fusion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Breast Cancer Cells Leads to the Formation of Hybrid Cells Exhibiting Diverse and Individual (Stem Cell) Characteristics
Authors: Dörnen Jessica , Myklebost Ola , Dittmar Thomas
Published: December 2020

Cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and treatment bears many challenges such as drug and radioresistance and formation of metastases. These difficulties are due to tumor heterogeneity, which has many origins. One may be cell fusion, a process that is relevant in both physiological (e.g., wound healing) and pathophysiological (cancer and viral infection) processes. In this study, we examined if cell fusion between mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and breast cancer (BC) cells occurs and if newly generated hybrid cells may exhibit cancer stem/initiating cell (CS/IC) characteristics. Therefore, several methods such as mammosphere assay, AldeRed assay, flow cytometry (CD24, CD44, CD104) and Western blot analysis (of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers such as SNAIL, SLUG and Twist) were applied. In short, four different hybrid clones, verified by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, were analyzed; each expressed an individual phenotype that seemed not to be explicitly related to either a more stem cell or cancer cell phenotype. These results show that cancer cells and MSCs are able to fuse spontaneously in vitro, thereby giving rise to hybrid cells with new properties, which likely indicate that cell fusion may be a trigger for tumor heterogeneity.
Tribological Properties of Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Carbon Nanocapsule Additives
Authors: Jeng Yeau-Ren , Tsai Ping-Chi , Chang Ching-Min , Hsu Kuo-Feng
Published: December 2020

An experimental investigation was performed on the coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear properties of pure water and oil-in-water (O/W) working fluids containing carbon nanocapsules (CNCs) with concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0 wt.%. For the O/W working fluid, the ratio of oil to water was set as 6%. It was shown that for the water working fluid, the COF decreased by around 20% as the CNC content increased from 0 to 1.0 wt.%. In contrast, the wear volume increased by 50% as the CNC addition increased from 0 to 0.5 wt.%, but it fell to a value slightly lower than that achieved using only pure water (i.e., no CNCs) as the CNC content was further increased to 1.0 wt.%. For the O/W emulsion, the addition of 0.8 wt.% CNCs reduced the COF by around 30% compared to that of the emulsion with no CNCs. Overall, the results showed that while the addition of a small quantity (6%) of oil to the water working fluid had a relatively small effect on the wear performance, the addition of an appropriate quantity of CNCs (i.e., 0.8 wt.%) resulted in a significantly lower COF and an improved wear surface.
Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment Surface Functionalization of the Ultrafine-Grained TiMo Alloys for Medical Applications
Authors: Piechowiak Daria , Miklaszewski Andrzej , Jurczyk Mieczysław
Published: December 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the most widely used material for bio coating. The functional layer can be produced by many methods, however, the most perspective by its utility, easy to scale up, and simplicity aspects remains a hydrothermal treatment approach. In this work, an HAp coating was produced by low-temperature hydrothermal treatment on the ultrafine-grain beta Ti-xMo (x = 23, 27, 35 wt.%) alloys. The proposed surface treatment procedure combines acid etching, alkaline treatment (AT), and finally hydrothermal treatment (HT). The uniqueness of the approach relies on the recognition of the influence of the molar concentration of NaOH (5 M, 7 M, 10 M, 12 M) during the alkaline treatment on the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. Obtained and modified specimens were examined structurally and microstructurally at every stage of the process. The results show that the layer after AT consist of titanium oxide and phases based on sodium with various phase relations dependent on NaOH concentration and base composition. The AT in 7 M and 10 M enables to obtain the HAp layer, which can be characterized as the most developed in terms of thickness and porosity. Finally, selected coated samples were investigated in terms of surface wettability test managed in time relation, which for the results confirm high hydrophilicity of the surfaces. Conducted research shows that the low-temperature hydrothermal processing could be considered for a possible adaptation in the drug encapsulation and delivery systems.
The Influence of the Drawing Process on the Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steel Wires with 0.4% C Content
Authors: Kucharska Monika , Wiewiórowska Sylwia , Michalczyk Jacek , Gontarz Andrzej
Published: December 2020

In the work, the results of the research concerned with the TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel wire drawing process in experimental and theoretical ways are shown. The wire drawing process tests on the experimental way were conducted in both laboratories as well as industrial conditions, with the use of two drawing speeds (1.6 and 6 m/s) and two drawing schemes (low and high single reductions). The mechanical properties of wires drawn with high drawing speed equal to 6 m/s showed higher values of mechanical properties for wires drawn with low single reductions than for wires drawn with high single reductions. Such a phenomenon contradicts the theory of drawing wires from steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure and must be related to TRIP structure and the presence of retained austenite in it, which is transformed into martensite during the deformation process. In order to explain this phenomenon, the theoretical wire drawing process analysis was conducted with the use of the Drawing 2D program based on the finite element method. On the base of the simulation, a large increase in temperature was found on the surface for wires drawn with high drawing speed and low single reductions, which can cause the blocking of transformation retained austenite into martensite and thus a decrease in Rm. To confirm this thesis, further studies will include tests of the amount of retained austenite in wires obtained during experimental tests.
Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines
Authors: Quej-Ake Luis Manuel , Rivera-Olvera Jesús Noé , Domínguez-Aguilar Yureel del Rosario , Avelino-Jiménez Itzel Ariadna , Garibay-Febles Vicente , Zapata-Peñasco Icoquih
Published: December 2020

The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.
Sustainable Low-Volume Analysis of Environmental Samples by Semi-Automated Prioritization of Extracts for Natural Product Research (SeaPEPR)
Authors: Riyanti  , Marner Michael , Hartwig Christoph , Patras Maria , Wodi Stevy , Rieuwpassa Frets , Ijong Frans , Balansa Walter , Schäberle Till
Published: December 2020

The discovery of novel natural products (NPs) that will serve as lead structures has to be an ongoing effort to fill the respective development pipelines. However, identification of NPs, which possess a potential for application in e.g., the pharma or agro sector, must be as cost effective and fast as possible. Furthermore, the amount of sample available for initial testing is usually very limited, not least because of the fact that the impact on the environment, i.e., the sampled biosystem, should be kept minimal. Here, our pipeline SeaPEPR is described, in which a primary bioactivity screening of crude extracts is combined with the analysis of their metabolic fingerprint. This enabled prioritization of samples for subsequent microfractionation and dereplication of the active compounds early in the workflow. As a case study, 76 marine sponge-derived extracts were screened against a microbial screening panel. Thereunder, human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33592) and yeast (Candida albicans FH2173), as well as the phytopathogenic fungus Septoria tritici MUCL45407. Overall, nine extracts revealed activity against at least one test organism. Metabolic fingerprinting enabled assigning four active extracts into one metabolic group; therefore, one representative was selected for subsequent microfractionation. Dereplication of the active fractions showed a new dibrominated aplysinopsin and a hypothetical chromazonarol stereoisomer derivative. Furthermore, inhibitory activity against the common plant pest Septoria tritici was discovered for NPs of marine origin.
Association between Light-Induced Dynamic Dilation of Retinal Vessels and Echocardiographic Parameters of the Left Ventricular Function in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Peregud-Pogorzelska Małgorzata , Zielska Małgorzata , Kawa Miłosz Piotr , Babiak Katarzyna , Safranow Krzysztof , Machaliński Bogusław , Machalińska Anna
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: The goal was to evaluate the association of dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) with echocardiographic parameters assessing systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle in hypertension (HT) patients with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction. Materials and Methods: This observational retrospective study recruited 36 patients with HT and 28 healthy controls. Retinal vessel diameter and reactions to flicker light were examined. Each patient was examined with echocardiography to assess left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that hypertension was an independent factor associated with lower flicker-induced arterial vasodilatation (β = −0.31, p = 0.029). In the HT group, there was a significant positive association between left ventricular ejection fraction and flicker-induced arterial vasodilation (Rs = +0.31, p = 0.007). Additionally, end-diastolic left ventricular diameter negatively correlated with both arterial (Rs = −0.26, p = 0.02) and venous (Rs = −0.27, p = 0.02) flicker responses. Additionally, the echocardiographic characteristics of the left atrium (LA) remodeling in the course of HT, including the area of the LA and its antero-posterior dimension, were both negatively correlated with the arterial flicker response (Rs = −0.34, p = 0.003; Rs = −0.33, p = 0.004, respectively). From tissue Doppler parameters, the left ventricular filling index E/e’ negatively correlated with AVR (arteriovenous ratio) values (Rs = −0.36, p = 0.002). Conclusions: We revealed that systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle in hypertensive patients is associated with retinal microvascular function.
Time-Domain Investigations of Coherent Phonons in van der Waals Thin Films
Authors: Vialla Fabien , Fatti Natalia Del
Published: December 2020

Coherent phonons can be launched in materials upon localized pulsed optical excitation, and be subsequently followed in time-domain, with a sub-picosecond resolution, using a time-delayed pulsed probe. This technique yields characterization of mechanical, optical, and electronic properties at the nanoscale, and is taken advantage of for investigations in material science, physics, chemistry, and biology. Here we review the use of this experimental method applied to the emerging field of homo- and heterostructures of van der Waals materials. Their unique structure corresponding to non-covalently stacked atomically thin layers allows for the study of original structural configurations, down to one-atom-thin films free of interface defect. The generation and relaxation of coherent optical phonons, as well as propagative and resonant breathing acoustic phonons, are comprehensively discussed. This approach opens new avenues for the in situ characterization of these novel materials, the observation and modulation of exotic phenomena, and advances in the field of acoustics microscopy.