bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Redox Activity of Colloidal Plasmonic‐Magnetic Nanocrystals by Chemical State Modulation
Authors: Cho Chiao‐Ting , Yeh Yi‐Jui , Veeramuthu Loganathan , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Tung Kuo‐Lun , Chiang Wei‐Hung
Published: December 2024

Controlling the redox ability is crucial for optimizing catalytic processes in clean energy, environmental protection, and CO2 reduction, as it directly influences the reaction efficiency and electron transfer rates, driving sustainable and effective outcomes. Here, we report the plasma‐electrified synthesis of composition‐controlled FeAu bimetallic nanoparticles, specifically engineered to enhance the redox catalytic performance through precise tuning of their chemical states. Utilizing atmospheric‐pressure microplasmas, FeAu nanoparticles were synthesized under ambient conditions without the need for reducing agents or organic solvents, thereby providing a green and sustainable approach. The catalytic activity of the FeAu nanoparticles was significantly influenced by the oxidation states of Au (Au0, Au+, and Au3+), which were carefully modulated by adjusting the precursor concentration. This precise tuning directly affects the oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP) of the nanoparticles, driving their superior degradation performance. The FeAu‐1.52 sample exhibited the highest normalized rate constant (k=46.3 s−1 g−1), attributed to an optimal Au+/Au0 ratio that facilitates efficient electron transfer and redox cycling during the catalytic reduction of 4‐NP to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP). Beyond 4‐NP, the FeAu nanoparticles demonstrated robust catalytic degradation of multiple dye pollutants, including Congo Red, Rhodamine B, Methyl Blue, and Methylene Blue, showing their versatility and potential for industrial wastewater treatment. This study elucidates the critical role of chemical state tuning in determining redox performance and presents a promising nanotechnology platform for sustainable environmental remediation.
Recognition of Predator Type and Risk Level in Azure‐Winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) Through Visual and Auditory Cues
Authors: Zuo Taijun , Wang Jiaojiao , Liu Jiangnan , Liu Jianping , Zhou Qindong , Hou Jianhua
Published: December 2024

Predation events are an important key factor determining the survival and reproduction of prey species. To cope, prey species have evolved various anti‐predator strategies, including mechanisms for accurate predator identification and distinguishing predator types and risk levels. Birds rely on visual, auditory, and olfactory cues to perceive and categorize predators. However, previous studies have focused on single sensory modalities and have largely been conducted during breeding seasons. Thus, analyses of the accuracy and differences in predator recognition cues, especially during non‐breeding periods, are needed. In this study, predator recognition in Azure‐winged Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus) was evaluated during the non‐breeding season. We examined responses to two predators, Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Domestic Cat (Felis catus), and two non‐predators, Oriental Magpie (Pica serica) and Oriental Turtle Dove (Streptopelia orientalis). Using specimens and playback experiment, the ability of Azure‐winged magpies to identify threats through both visual and auditory cues was evaluated. The results showed that Azure‐winged Magpies can identify predator types through both visual and auditory cues, accurately distinguish threat levels, and adjust their foraging behavior accordingly. Notably, they exhibited the strongest anti‐predator response to Domestic Cats (frequently encountered under natural conditions), as evidenced by longer observation times, shorter foraging duration, and quicker flight responses. The results indicate that Azure‐winged Magpies can correctly identify predator types and threat levels through both visual and auditory cues and exhibit stronger anti‐predator behaviors with increasing apparent threat levels.
Flexible ionic‐gel synapse devices and their applications in neuromorphic system
Authors: Huang Fengchang , Sun Xidi , Shi Yi , Pan Lijia
Published: December 2024

Biological neural systems, composed of neurons and synaptic networks, exhibit exceptional capabilities in signal transmission, processing, and integration. Inspired by the mechanisms of these systems, researchers have been dedicated to developing artificial neural systems based on flexible synaptic devices that effectively mimic the functions of biological synapses, providing hardware support for the advancement of artificial intelligence. In recent years, ionic gels, known for their high ionic conductivity and intuitive synaptic mimicry, have been utilized in the development of ionic‐gel synapses (IGSs). They are considered ideal materials for the next wearable generation of neuromorphic systems. This review introduces IGS devices and summarizes the recent progress in flexible IGS‐based neuromorphic systems. Additionally, key challenges and future development prospects related to flexible IGSs are outlined, and potential suggestions are provided.
Mentalizing About Dynamic Social Action Sequences Is Supported by the Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Neocortex: A Meta‐Analysis of Activation and Connectivity
Authors: Van Overwalle Frank , Heleven Elien , Haihambo Naem , Li Meijia , Ma Qianying , Pu Min , Baeken Chris , Deroost Natacha , Baetens Kris
Published: December 2024

The posterior cerebellum and anterior basal ganglia are critical subcortical structures for learning and identifying dynamic action sequences, in concert with the neocortex. The present analysis investigates the role of action sequences during social mentalizing, termed here dynamic or sequential social mentalizing. Although the role of the cerebellum in dynamic social mentalizing was extensively investigated during the last decade, the basal ganglia were long ignored. We conducted an activation likelihood estimation coordinate‐based meta‐analysis of sequential social mentalizing tasks (with 485 participants in 17 studies). These tasks required participants to make social mentalizing inferences ranging from low‐level goals to high‐level beliefs and traits, while either memorizing, generating or predicting temporal sequences of the social actions involved (i.e., social sequencing condition), or not (i.e., social non‐sequencing control condition), or did so for nonsocial objects (i.e., nonsocial sequencing control condition). The tasks also occasionally included inconsistencies in social behavior. Results revealed that the cerebellum exhibited a preference for social, sequencing, and inconsistent information, while the basal ganglia showed a preference for sequencing and inconsistency, without a general preference for social input. Meta‐analytic connectivity analysis further showed evidence of coactivation between mentalizing areas of the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral neocortex. The present work underscores the role of subcortical structures in social mentalizing about dynamic action sequences.
Adult anterior sacral myelomeningocele associated with a didelphys uterus: A rare case report presentation
Authors: Fakih Chadi , Fakih Fadi , Khairallah Mayssaloon , Trad Maha , Hijazi Madiha , Saad Jacqueline , Mourad Youmna
Published: December 2024

Anterior spinal myelomeningocele (ASM) is a rare congenital anomaly which may remain asymptomatic until adulthood. This anomaly may reveal in different presentations causing in its turn a diagnostic dilemma. Definitive diagnosis is usually made through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and when an association with other abnormalities can be found, especially ones including the genitourinary system. Through this case report, we present an extremely rare case of an anterior sacral myelomeningocele associated with a didelphys uterus diagnosed in an adult female.
Pricing Power Conflict and Cooperation Strategies of Competing Two‐Sided Platforms: Impact of the Differentiated Value‐Added Services and Cross‐Network Effects
Authors: Zeng Huabao , Shu Tong , Yu Yue , Li Jinhong , Wang Shouyang
Published: December 2024

Since pricing power plays a pivot role in platforms' pricing strategies and services investment, thereby influencing the competitive landscape between the two platforms. This study investigates the pricing power preferences within a two‐sided manufacturing platform ecosystem, where a large‐scale platform (platform L) competes with a small‐specialized platform (platform R) for bilateral users through differentiated value‐added services (VAS) level. Both platforms exhibit cross‐network externality and engage in pricing power competition. Three endogenous pricing power modes are available, including horizontal Nash (mode B), platform L‐price‐leader Stackelberg (mode L), and platform R‐price‐leader Stackelberg (mode R). The optimal solutions under each mode and characterize the equilibrium evolution of pricing power preferences are derived. Findings reveal that at the low VAS level stage for platform L, mode R realizes equilibrium when the hassle cost is low; mode L realizes equilibrium when the hassle cost is high. At the high VAS level stage for platform L, mode L realizes equilibrium when the hassle cost is high; mode R realizes equilibrium only when the hassle cost is low and cross‐network externality is in a high range. Notably, competing platforms will trap into the pricing power conflict when both platforms strategically second moves in announcing prices. Therefore, this study proposes two feasible strategies for platform cooperation: joint revenue and VAS cost‐sharing and transfer payment. These strategies can reach a “win–win” outcome when sharing ratios are moderate or payment meets suitable thresholds. This study not only enhances the theory of two‐sided markets but also provides strategic guidance for platform competition and cooperation.
Virtual imaging trials in medicine: A brief takeaway of the lessons from the first international summit
Authors: Samei Ehsan , Abadi Ehsan , Bakic Predrag , Bliznakova Kristina , Bosmans Hilde , Carton Ann‐Katherine , Frangi Alejandro F. , Glick Stephen , Lo Joseph Y. , Kinahan Paul , Maidment Andrew , Ria Francesco , Sechopoulos Ioannis , Segars William Paul , Tanaka Rie , Vancoillie Liesbeth
Published: December 2024

Background

The rapid advancement of medical technologies presents significant challenges for researchers and practitioners. While traditional clinical trials remain the gold standard, they are often limited by high costs, lengthy durations, and ethical constraints. In contrast, in‐silico trials and digital twins have emerged not only as efficient and ethical alternatives but also as a complementary technology that can extend beyond classical trials to predict and design new strategies. The successful application of digital twins in industries like nuclear energy, automotive engineering, and aviation underscores their potential in human health.

Methods

In April 2024, Duke University hosted the first international summit on Virtual Imaging Trials in Medicine (VITM). The summit brought together over 130 experts from academia, industry, and regulatory bodies to discuss the latest developments, challenges, and future directions in this field. The event featured plenary speakers, presentations, and panel discussions, emphasizing the integration of clinical and in‐silico methods to enhance medical evaluations.

Results

Key takeaways included the necessity of diverse and realistic digital patient representations, the integration of physics and biology in simulations, and the development of robust validation frameworks. The summit also highlighted the importance of regulatory science and the establishment of Good Simulation Practices to ensure the credibility and reliability of virtual trials.

Conclusion

The key discussions and insights from the VITM summit underscore the potential of in‐silico trials to revolutionize medical research and patient care through personalized, efficient, and ethical evaluation methods. The collaborative efforts and recommendations from this summit aim to drive future advancements in virtual imaging trials in medicine.
Sensitivity Analysis on Policy‐Augmented Graphical Hybrid Models With Shapley Value Estimation
Authors: Zhao Junkai , Xie Wei , Luo Jun
Published: December 2024

Driven by the critical challenges in biomanufacturing, including high complexity and high uncertainty, we propose a comprehensive and computationally efficient sensitivity analysis framework for general nonlinear policy‐augmented knowledge graphical (pKG) hybrid models that characterize the risk‐ and science‐based understandings of underlying stochastic decision process mechanisms. The criticality of each input (i.e., random factors, policy parameters, and model parameters) is measured by applying Shapley value (SV) sensitivity analysis to pKG (called SV‐pKG), accounting for process causal interdependences. To quickly assess the SV for heavily instrumented bioprocesses, we approximate their dynamics with linear Gaussian pKG models and improve the SV estimation efficiency by utilizing the linear Gaussian properties. In addition, we propose an effective permutation sampling method with TFWW transformation and variance reduction techniques, namely the quasi‐Monte Carlo and antithetic sampling methods, to further improve the sampling efficiency and estimation accuracy of SV for both general nonlinear and linear Gaussian pKG models. Our proposed framework can benefit efficient interpretation and support stable optimal process control in biomanufacturing.
(Re) growing plant awareness: A Delphi study
Authors: Dünser Benno , Möller Andrea , Anđić Branko , Lampert Peter , Bergmann‐Gering Alexander , Pany Peter
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Without a robust construct, it is currently difficult for researchers to systematically assess and facilitate a societal shift toward greater plant awareness. Using a Delphi study, we take a first step towards such construct by developing a definition and testable dimensions. This paper proposes a first expert validated definition and three distinct dimensions that allow researchers to assess plant awareness and to identify and compare key influences on the construct across different socio‐cultural groups. With this improved framework, research can support initiatives to promote plant awareness in society, a critical step in addressing challenges such as the climate crisis.

Research on plant blindness, plant awareness disparity, and plant awareness is currently separated using different terminologies. Having different terms for the same construct is disadvantageous for research, as ambiguous constructs can lead to important research being overlooked.

In this study, we aim to provide a solution to this challenge by applying a Delphi study to integrate previous concepts into the new comprehensive construct of plant awareness. Delphi is a state‐of‐the‐art method for reaching reliable expert consensus on multidisciplinary issues with its key features of anonymity, iterative questioning and feedback. Focusing on the methodology, we provide a transparent, and detailed, overview of how we applied this method to reach consensus on the plant awareness construct.

As an outcome of our Delphi study, we provide an expert validated definition of plant awareness that is based on previous constructs, research, and expert consensus. This definition constitutes three key dimensions: attention, understanding, and attitudes. Experts found consensus on these three dimensions, their definition, and how increased plant awareness is expressed in relation to each of the dimensions. Finally, we identified several factors that are key to raising plant awareness.

This validated definition alongside the differentiation of the three dimensions not only assists comprehension of previous research but for the first time opens the possibility of developing a valid and reliable tool to assess an individual's plant awareness. Therefore, this study significantly contributes to promoting research on plant awareness and consequently, towards fostering plant awareness as a common global goal.
Influence of Thermal Shock on ZnO Film Related to Si/ZnO Interface
Authors: Wang Jiyue , Lu Jiafeng , He Boling , Shen Yongqi , Fang Zhijie , Liu Zhixiang , Tang Yunqing
Published: December 2024

Influence of thermal shock on Si‐based ZnO film related to Si/ZnO interface is studied through experiments and simulations. ZnO films are deposited onto silicon wafers by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, the models near Si/ZnO interface are constructed, and the evolution of photoelectric properties after different thermal shocks is investigated herein. The results show that thermal shock can improve optical properties of Si‐based ZnO film in the wavelength range of 300–500 nm; the structures of and form at the Si/ZnO interface under thermal shock, but the structures associated with Si/ZnO interface are unstable after thermal shock. The influence of thermal shock on optical properties of Si‐based ZnO films is revealed, which can be used to understand and guide the design of Si/ZnO‐based optical devices.
Addition of ammonium polyphosphate for simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of PALF‐reinforced bio‐HDPE composite
Authors: Singh Aditya Pratap , Singh Manoj Kumar , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart , Pathak Himanshu , Zafar Sunny
Published: December 2024

This work is focused on reducing the flammability of 25 wt.% pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)‐reinforced bio‐based high‐density polyethylene (bio‐HDPE) composites. Varying contents of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) up to 10 wt.%, have been incorporated as a flame retardant while its effects on mechanical and viscoelastic properties are also evaluated. The linear burning rate is reduced by up to 26% for 10% APP content in the horizontal burn test. The incorporation of APP also proved beneficial in arresting the dripping of the polymer matrix during the vertical burn test. Thermal analysis showed that the interaction between APP and natural fibers enhanced the residual char content by up to 9%. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an increase in the damping factor (loss tangent) with APP addition. The findings recommend incorporating up to 5% APP in PALF/Bio‐HDPE composites as optimum. PALF‐reinforced Bio‐HDPE composite with improved flame retardancy, mechanical, and damping properties is achieved, offering an alternative to conventional composites used in automobile and construction industries.

Highlights

Flame‐retardant composites made from 25% PALF and 10% APP.

10% APP base composite showed a 26% reduced UL 94 horizontal burning rate.

APP incorporation increases residual char content and prevents dripping also.

APP enhances both the mechanical properties and damping factor of composites.
Environmental Governance of the Sea
Authors: Radovich Violeta S.
Published: December 2024

This chapter refers to the sea in general and the essential ecosystems it provides. The concept “integration” is introduced, as well as a reference to the innovative sea governance tools and processes, such as marine protected areas and marine spatial planning. The legal definition of the different marine spaces is explained.
The Environment and the Sea in Argentine Republic
Authors: Radovich Violeta S.
Published: December 2024

In this chapter the evolution of the regulation of environmental law in Argentine Republic is studied, from static regulation of natural resources to the constitutional recognition of the right to a healthy environment and the federal laws of basic environmental requirements. Marine protected areas and ocean scientific knowledge in Argentina are also studied.
Rethinking Algorithmic Explainability Through the Lenses of Intellectual Property and Competition
Authors: dos Anjos Lucas Costa
Published: December 2024

Algorithmic decision-making is integral to digital platforms, influencing user experiences and societal dynamics. This paper chapter scrutinizes algorithmic opacity, highlighting the inherent biases, the anti-competitive strategies that may result from dominant market power and the potential for discrimination within these systems. Despite the promise of objectivity, algorithms often operate under a veil of opacity, shaping content and information access, with significant implications for individual perspectives and societal functioning. The chapter explores the legal challenges posed by the protection of algorithms through the lenses of intellectual property rights and competition law. It calls for a multifaceted regulatory approach to ensure transparency. The analysis emphasises the need to balance innovation with competition and societal well-being, advocating for a right to explanation in the face of automated decisions within the European Union.
Rehabilitative Kurzzeitpflege (REKUP): Akzeptanz und Praktikabilität eines neuen Versorgungskonzepts
Authors: Keilhauer A. , Benzinger P. , Diekmann S. , zur Nieden P. , Pahmeier K. , Neumann A. , Wasem J. , Walendzik A. , Hüer T. , Raszke P. , Frankenhauser-Mannuß J. , Specht-Leible N. , Bauer J. M.
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund

Rehabilitative Kurzzeitpflege (REKUP) richtet sich an rehabilitationsbedürftige, aber (noch) nicht rehabilitationsfähige geriatrische Patienten nach akutstationärem Aufenthalt mit positiver Rehabilitationsprognose und wurde von Oktober 2020 bis März 2022 an 2 geriatrischen Rehabilitationskliniken erprobt.

Ziel

Qualitative Prozessevaluation hinsichtlich Akzeptanz (Leistungserbringer, -träger), Adoption (Umsetzung zu Projektbeginn), Praktikabilität (Prozesse, Inhalte, Strukturen) und beobachteter Zufriedenheit bei den Patienten.

Methodik

Eine Fokusgruppe und 14 halbstrukturierte Interviews mit insgesamt 18 Mitarbeitenden der Kliniken wie auch des Leistungsträgers wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und qualitativ inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Bei der Befragung der Leistungserbringer (Zuweiser‑/Modellkliniken) als auch des Leistungsträgers zeigten sich eine hohe Akzeptanz sowie eine gute Praktikabilität (Prozesse, Inhalte, Strukturen). Die Umsetzung wurde aufgrund der hohen Akzeptanz sowie der in geriatrischen Rehabilitationskliniken bekannten Leistungsinhalte als gut machbar und die Zufriedenheit der Patienten als sehr hoch bewertet.

Diskussion

Die Akzeptanz von REKUP war hoch, da der Grundgedanke leicht nachvollziehbar war. Dennoch ist eine sorgfältige Patientenauswahl entscheidend. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass REKUP als schnelle Entlassoption genutzt wird, um Kapazitätsprobleme zu umgehen. Der von den Leistungserbringenden wahrgenommene Therapieerfolg konstituiert sich über früh beübende Anwendungen, psychosoziale Angebote und die längere Zeitspanne vor der Rehabilitation: Überforderung wird vermieden und Selbstwirksamkeit gestärkt. Die Aufnahme in den Pflegeheimsektor wird umgangen, was einen positiven psychologischen und motivationalen Effekt für Patienten birgt. Ein Transfer von REKUP in andere geriatrische Rehabilitationskliniken erscheint leicht möglich.
Selective bromination-volatilization of PbO from ZnO-PbO mixtures using bromine-containing plastic: A promising approach for recycling hazardous wastes
Authors: Zubair Yusuf Olalekan , Takasaki Yuji , Takaya Yutaro , Tokoro Chiharu
Published: December 2024

This study explores the potential of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, a bromine-containing plastic, for selectively separating PbO from a ZnO-PbO mixture. Thermodynamic calculations suggested the susceptibility of both PbO and ZnO to bromination by HBr from ABS resin. Initial trials showed limited PbO and ZnO volatilization. Combusting ABS resin and dust mixtures converts approximately 40 wt% of PbO to PbBr2, but PbO volatilization selectivity remains below 30% due to concurrent ZnO volatilization. This low selectivity is due to the inhibiting effect of char and CO gas on PbBr2 volatilization and the enhancement of ZnO volatilization. To improve PbO volatilization selectivity, operational parameters were varied. Increasing ABS resin size, decreasing pellet size, and altering the heating method raised PbO volatilization selectivity by over three times, with more than 60 wt% PbO volatilized. Microscopic analysis confirmed PbO bromination and volatilization as lead bromide compound (e.g., PbBr2), while ZnO underwent direct volatilization through a carbothermic reaction. This study shows that optimizing operational parameters can selectively separate heavy metals using bromine-containing plastics. For practical application in steelmaking dust, it is crucial to examine the effects of coexisting Fe compounds.
Responsible Management-as-Process of Smoothing–Striating: Transcending Freedom or Control Contingencies
Authors: Laasch Oliver , McLean Christine , Aroles Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Enactment of responsible management (RM) can be fostered by giving actors discretionary freedom to act responsibly and/or by controlling them to act responsibly. RM research has dominantly taken a contingency approach that focuses on conditions under which actors should choose either freedom or control. However, this approach does not offer insights into entangled freedom and control dynamics and is a poor fit for the inherently processual RM phenomenon. We propose a paradox process alternative, mobilizing the lens of smoothing–striating dynamics, which we apply to the Becoming Responsible Initiative (BRI) case. Smoothing fosters creativity, discretion, and lines of flight. It is dynamically entangled with striating, which fosters standardization, strictures, and the direction of enactment. We present a rhizomatic process model based on a thematic template analysis of 104 interviews, observations over 30 months, and documentary evidence. The model explains how a tension spring of over/under smoothing–striating drives RM enactment in four modes: pervasive smoothing, selective smoothing, rigid striating, and flexible striating. Each mode involves dynamics between smoothing–striating unfolding in distributed RM encounters. We contribute to the RM literature by presenting a framework explaining the paradoxical-processual dynamics of RM enactment. Our framework also transcends the freedom or control contingency approach, and adds an intricate methodology for processual analysis to the paradox discussion.
Densely packed membrane configurations
Authors: Heyden Stefanie , Ortiz Michael
Published: December 2024

We put forth a simple mathematical model of densely packed fluid membranes and solve for packing configurations that minimize their elastic energy. Numerical calculations are facilitated via a finite-difference discretization scheme. Absent topological constraints, energy-minimizing configurations are found to closely follow solutions of the eikonal equation. These typically involve foliations comprising many closed surfaces. We show how allowing for cuts and creases, with an additional minimization over the total crease energy, generates configurations consisting of a densely packed single sheet.
An Effective Congestion and Interference Secure Routing Protocol for Internet of Things Applications in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Vankdothu Ramdas , Hameed Mohd Abdul
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an effective Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing solution for Internet of Things (IoT) applications cognizant of congestion, security, and interference. Because several sources try to deliver their packets to a destination simultaneously, which is a common case in IoT applications. The proposed congestion and interference aware safe routing protocol is claimed to work in networks with high traffic. The signal to interference ratio (SINR), congestion level, and survival factor is used in our suggested procedure to estimate the cluster head selection factor first. The adaptive fuzzy c-means clustering method clusters the network nodes based on the cluster head selection factor. After that, data packets are encrypted using Adaptive Quantum Logic-based packet coding. Finally, the Adaptive Krill Herd (AKH) optimization method identifies the least congested corridor, resulting in optimal data transmission routing. The exploratory findings show that the provided strategy outperforms previous methodologies in network performance, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and node remaining energy level.
Implementation of a Dedicated Intake Team Reduces Time to Massed PTSD Treatment
Authors: Coleman Jennifer A. , Werner Brianna , Klassen Brian J. , Smith Dale L. , Banerjee Uddyalok , Held Philip
Published: December 2024

The Institute of Medicine (2001) describes quality health care as safe, effective, patient-centered, efficient, equitable, and timely. Although this definition highlights the necessity of continuous program evaluation to ensure that these goals are being addressed, there is a notable lack of industry-wide standards and benchmarks, and many clinical programs lack the ability to continually and rigorously evaluate their own performance with data. This might be particularly true in the case of ensuring service members and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) obtain treatment, as several systemic barriers exist, such as long wait times and lack of equitable treatment for individuals with minoritized identities. The current study examines the impact of a clinic-wide intake redesign for a massed PTSD treatment program to shift the intake process to a small, dedicated team rather than a responsibility shared across all clinicians. The redesign led to significantly shorter wait times for treatment and reduced some types of pre-treatment dropout. On average, patients received an acceptance/rejection decision 1 week sooner, attended the program almost 2 months sooner, and saw a roughly 60% reduction in the odds of dropout at the point of receiving an acceptance/rejection decision. Some disparities in wait times for those who were not partnered, women, and individuals who financially supported more family members remained after the redesign. Results are discussed in light of the importance of continuous program evaluation to address IOM’s holistic definition of quality health care.
Tri-leaflet mitral valve in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alexandre André , Dias-Frias André , Brochado Bruno , Amorim Mário Jorge , Rodrigues Patrícia , Silveira João , Sá Isabel , Cabral Sofia , Torres Severo
Published: December 2024

A tri-leaflet mitral valve (MV) is an extremely rare phenomenon, often associated with significant mitral regurgitation (MR). It may represent a phenotypic expression of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). We present the case of a 69-year-old woman with HOCM, a tri-leaflet MV, and systolic anterior motion (SAM)–induced severe MR. Despite receiving optimal medical therapy, her refractory symptoms and significant MR prompted surgical consideration. The patient underwent surgical myectomy, resulting in improvement of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, SAM-induced MR, and symptomatic relief. This case illustrates a unique presentation of HOCM with a tri-leaflet MV and significant MR, successfully managed with a tailored surgical myectomy.
High-dimensional experiments for the downward continuation using the LRFMP algorithm
Authors: Schneider N. , Michel V. , Sneeuw N.
Published: December 2024

Time-dependent gravity data from satellite missions like GRACE-FO reveal mass redistribution in the system Earth at various time scales: long-term climate change signals, inter-annual phenomena like El Niño, seasonal mass transports and transients, e. g. due to earthquakes. For this contemporary issue, a classical inverse problem has to be considered: the gravitational potential has to be modelled on the Earth’s surface from measurements in space. This is also known as the downward continuation problem. Thus, it is important to further develop current mathematical methods for such inverse problems. For this, the (Learning) Inverse Problem Matching Pursuits ((L)IPMPs) have been developed within the last decade. Their unique feature is the combination of local as well as global trial functions in the approximative solution of an inverse problem such as the downward continuation of the gravitational potential. In this way, they harmonize the ideas of a traditional spherical harmonic ansatz and the radial basis function approach. Previous publications on these methods showed proofs of concept. In this paper, we report on the progress of our developments towards more realistic scenarios. In particular, we consider the methods for high-dimensional experiment settings with more than 500 000 grid points which yields a resolution of 20 km at best on a realistic satellite geometry. We also explain the changes in the methods that had to be done to work with such a large amount of data. The corresponding code (updated for big data use) is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8223771 under the licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Germany.
Charities and politics: where did we go wrong?
Authors: Norton Jane Calderwood , Harding Matthew
Published: December 2024

This paper examines a long-standing doctrine in charities law – that if an organisation's main purpose is political then it cannot be charitable. This doctrine is not without controversy because it has the potential to exclude many worthwhile organisations from charitable status, and fetter worthwhile advocacy by those that do have status. While no jurisdiction remains unwaveringly committed to the orthodox political purpose doctrine, we argue that none so far have confronted the public benefit – and detriment – of political advocacy adequately. This paper proposes a way of assessing the public benefit of political advocacy in liberal democratic societies. It argues that political advocacy can give rise to clear public benefit: this is an indirect or process benefit associated with advocacy itself regardless of the end advocated for. However, recognising political advocacy purposes as charitable should still be subject to two constraints: the altruism requirement (reflected in the ‘public’ aspect of public benefit); and consistency with liberal democratic values (as part of the ‘benefit’ aspect). These constraints are needed because, while political advocacy can generate benefit, detriments may also be associated with political advocacy.
The Vietnam Draft Lottery and Whites’ Racial Attitudes: Evidence from the General Social Survey
Authors: GREEN DONALD P. , HYMAN-METZGER OLIVER
Published: December 2024

The Vietnam Draft Lotteries, which randomly assigned men to military service, enable researchers to assess the long-term effects of interracial contact on racial attitudes. Using a new draft status indicator for respondents to the General Social Surveys 1978–2021, we show that white men who were selected for the draft subsequently expressed less negative attitudes toward Black people and toward policies designed to help them. These effects are apparent only for cohorts that were actually drafted into service, suggesting that interracial contact during military service led to attitude change. These findings have important implications for theories of political socialization and prejudice reduction.
ORDER-PRESERVING EXTENSIONS OF LIPSCHITZ MAPS
Authors: OK EFE A.
Published: December 2024

We study the problem of extending an order-preserving real-valued Lipschitz map defined on a subset of a partially ordered metric space without increasing its Lipschitz constant and preserving its monotonicity. We show that a certain type of relation between the metric and order of the space, which we call radiality, is necessary and sufficient for such an extension to exist. Radiality is automatically satisfied by the equality relation, so the classical McShane–Whitney extension theorem is a special case of our main characterization result. As applications, we obtain a similar generalization of McShane’s uniformly continuous extension theorem, along with some functional representation results for radial partial orders.
Considering the management of diversity on livestock farms from the perspective of work
Authors: Cournut Sylvie , Hostiou Nathalie , Mugnier Sylvie
Published: December 2024

Diversified farming systems appear to be one means of meeting the sustainability challenges facing livestock farming systems and of facilitating the renewal of future generations of farmers in a context of climatic, economic and social change. However, although work seems to be an essential issue for livestock farms, few studies have explored the impact of on-farm diversity on work. This study aims to fill the gap in our understanding of the various ways in which on-farm diversity affects work. We applied a framework combining six dimensions of work with three forms of on-farm diversity (diversity of management entities, diversity of farming activities, diversity of workers) to six studies that had been conducted previously on livestock farms. Our results highlight a wide range of links between on-farm diversity and work. We show that on-farm diversity affects various dimensions of work in multiple ways, which can be both positive and negative. For example, while there may not be a strict and clear relation between on-farm diversity and workloads, diversity provides flexibility for organizing the distribution of working time. Moreover, on-farm diversity seems to more frequently reinforce the meaning of work for farmers. Our results also show that there are multiple interactions between the six dimensions of work studied. Our study points to the need for a comprehensive approach to understanding the multifaceted and interconnected nature of work dimensions in diversified farming systems. Further research is recommended to explore these relationships more deeply to support sustainable and attractive diversified farming systems.
Reproducing Ultra‐Relativistic Electron Acceleration Using a Coupled Density and Radiation Belt Model
Authors: Daggitt T. A. , Horne R. B. , Glauert S. A. , Del Zanna G.
Published: December 2024

The cold plasma density can significantly alter the rate of diffusion of radiation belt electrons by chorus waves within the magnetosphere, and the range of energies at which diffusion is effective. We describe a coupled density and radiation belt model based on the British Antarctic Survey Radiation Belt Model that uses spatially and temporally varying values of to drive a statistical model of electron diffusion due to chorus waves. We demonstrate that this approach of including the variance in recreates the acceleration of electrons up to MeV energies better than other previous approaches to including .
Six years of high-resolution monitoring data of 40 borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Heim Elisa , Stoffel Phillip , Müller Dirk , Klitzsch Norbert
Published: December 2024

Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) coupled with borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) are energy-efficient technologies for heating and cooling buildings. However, these systems often fail to operate at their full potential due to discrepancies between the assumptions made during the design phase and the actual conditions during operation. To enhance overall GSHP performance, it is crucial to collect and analyze long-term monitoring data from operating BHE fields. To our knowledge, no long-term, high-resolution dataset of double U-tube BHEs is currently publicly available. Additionally, most studies typically monitor only the inlet and outlet of the entire ground heat exchanger rather than individual BHEs, hindering detailed performance analysis. With this data descriptor, we present a 6-year dataset from a BHE field comprising 40 BHEs, each with sensors for volume flow and inlet/outlet temperatures, recorded every 30 seconds. We believe this dataset will enhance understanding of individual BHE performance, provide validation for BHE models, and thus support better GSHP design and operation.
Permeation enhancer decorated nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin: manipulating the surface density of borneol and PEG for absorption barriers
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jidong , Chen Jitang , Xie Yunxuan , Hu Tianci , Luo Qin , Peng Tianhao , Luo Han , Shi Linlin , Wan Jiangling , Wang Jianxin , Yang Xiangliang , Sheng Jianyong
Published: December 2024

This research enhances oral insulin delivery using PLGA nanoparticles decorated with PEG and borneol. By optimizing the surface density of these enhancers, the study achieves improved permeation of insulin through multiple absorption barriers.
Synergistic effect promoting proton transport in metal–organic framework aerogels
Authors: Li Xiao-Min , Jia Junchao , Liu Dongbo , Ibragimov Aziz Bakhtiyarovich , Gao Junkuo
Published: December 2024

UiO-66-COOH aerogel and UiO-66-2COOH aerogel with high proton conductivities and remarkable temperature cycling stability in terms of performance and structural integrity have been synthesized.
Synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydrofurans via visible light-induced De Mayo acetalization of benzoylacetones
Authors: Indurmuddam Ranadheer Reddy , Hong Bor-Cherng , Chien Su-Ying
Published: December 2024

A cascade reaction involving the sequential self-[2+2] photodimerization of benzoylacetones, De Mayo reaction, acetalization, and alkoxylation, leading to polysubstituted tetrahydrofurans was developed.
Dissociation of adsorbates via electronic energy transfer from aromatic thin films
Authors: Jensen E. T.
Published: December 2024

Photofragment translational spectroscopy has been used to characterize the energetics and the cross sections for photodissociation of CH3I and CF3I adsorbed on thin films of a variety of aromatic molecules, initiated by near-UV light.
Emission enhancement in a luminescent polychlorinated diphenylpyridylmethyl radical through coordination to silver(i)
Authors: Mibu Takuto , Matsuoka Ryota , Nagasaka Masanari , Kusamoto Tetsuro
Published: December 2024

Coordination of a luminescent radical to AgI enhanced and red-shifted the radical-centered emission. This study demonstrates similar effects in the luminescence of the radical by complexation with group 11 d10-metal ions.
Development of the global measurement system and its ongoing importance for accurate and effective air quality measurements
Authors: Brown Richard J. C.
Published: December 2024

This article emphasizes the crucial role of metrology, the science of measurement, in modern life.
Rational design of uniform SiO2-based afterglow microparticles for photonic crystals
Authors: Li Gaoqiang , Che Mengfen , Chen Xue , Liu Xiaowang
Published: December 2024

This article highlights recent advances in the rational design of uniform afterglow SiO2 microparticles, facilitated by pseudomorphic transformation-assisted doping, identifies key challenges, and explores opportunities in this field.
BPPO-based anion exchange membranes for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis
Authors: Chen Yong , Fan Shengxuan , Peng Chao , Song Bingyue , Qin Mengting , Wang Yi , Huang Yanjun , Li Shefeng , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

Diffusion dialysis (DD) with anion exchange membranes (AEMs) as the core component is an ideal technology for acid recovery from acidic wastewater.
Nanoparticle-assembled interconnected PbO1.44 hollow spheres enabled by PVP-driven transformation of β-PbO2 and self-sacrificial templating for superior lithium storage
Authors: Bo Xiaoxu , Zhang Jiatong , Zhang Qian , Wu Ruijie , Wang Sheng , Zhao Shiqiang , Wang Shun
Published: December 2024

Nanoparticle-assembled interconnected PbO1.44 hollow spheres (NAHSs) were crafted by a robust strategy of PVP-driven transformation of β-PbO2 microspheres (MSs) combined with a self-sacrificial templating mechanism for superior lithium storage.
Catalyst-free coupling of peroxypyrroloindolenines with amines to afford stable peroxyindolenines
Authors: Zheng Xiaoshan , Wang Menghan , Sun Xianbin , Gao Yu , Chen Haijun
Published: December 2024

Stable C2–N peroxyindolenines were obtained by using catalyst-free conditions. Compound 13 exhibits potent inhibition of B16/F10 cells with an IC50 value of 2.18 μM.
Impact of H/D isotopic effects on the physical properties of materials
Authors: Liu Chengdong , Yao Zi-Shuo , Tao Jun
Published: December 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of how H/D isotope substitution influences material structures and physical properties.
Tuning emissive color of trivalent terbium ion through environmental factors: optoelectronic insights from theoretical, spectral and computational studies
Authors: Aggarwal Vandana , Singh Devender , Bhagwan Shri , Saini Raman Kumar , Jakhar Komal , Kumar Sumit , Kumar Parvin , Sindhu Jayant
Published: December 2024

The combination of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (TFPB) and pyrazine (pyz) with Tb3+ ions forms two distinct types of complexes, represented by the formulas [Tb(TFPB)3(L)2], where L is either H2O or pyz, and [(Tb(TFPB)3)2pyz].
Eco-friendly green synthesis of Fe-doped WS2 using neem leaf extract: unlocking large interlayer spacing for improved capacitance and rapid ion transport
Authors: Khan M. I. , Mujtaba Ali , Nadeem M. Arslan , Majeed Amira , Ezzine Safa , Alshahrani Dhafer O.
Published: December 2024

The advantages of green synthesis include eco-friendliness, structural integrity, stability, cost-effectiveness, scalability, and safety for bio-electrochemical applications.
Novel photochromic system using methylene blue reduction with l-ascorbic acid
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Nakamura Fuka , Ie Kanon , Fujii Masaaki , Inoue Masayuki
Published: December 2024

A novel photochromic system was discovered, in which leucomethylene blue, reduced by l-ascorbic acid, was irradiated with 405 nm visible light, resulting in the solution undergoing a colorless-to-blue transition.
Physical properties of a Eu3+-doped Zn2SiO4 phosphor ceramic material with enhanced thermal sensitivity at low temperatures
Authors: Bessadok M. N. , Bouri A. , Ananias D. , Mrabet S. , Vázquez-Vázquez C. , El Mir L.
Published: December 2024

In the present study, a SiO2/Zn2SiO4:Eu glass–ceramic composite was synthesized by a homemade modified sol–gel method.
Armored polymyxin B: a nanosystem for combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli
Authors: Huang Jianling , Hong Xiuwen , Lv Yunxiang , Wang Yueyue , Han Kexing , Zhu Chenghua , Xie Lixu
Published: December 2024

Neutrophil membrane-encapsulated manganese dioxide nanoparticles for the treatment of pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Retraction: Promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of reduced graphene oxide-metal oxide (RGO-NiO, RGO-AgO, and RGO-ZnO) nanocomposites
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Tantawy Hesham , Hashem Amr H.
Published: December 2024

Retraction of ‘Promising antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of reduced graphene oxide-metal oxide (RGO-NiO, RGO-AgO, and RGO-ZnO) nanocomposites’ by Sherif Elbasuney et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 25961–25975, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04542C.
Supramolecular adhesives inspired from adhesive proteins and nucleic acids: molecular design, properties, and applications
Authors: Wu Jiang , Hua Zan , Liu Guangming
Published: December 2024

Inspired by the multiple supramolecular interactions in adhesive proteins or nucleic acids, novel supramolecular adhesives have been developed.
Impact of inner hydrophobicity of dendrimer nanomicelles on biodistribution: a PET imaging study
Authors: Roussel Tom , Cruz-Dubois Twiany , Louis Beatrice , Laurini Erik , Ding Ling , Balasse Laure , Nail Vincent , Dignat-George Françoise , Giorgio Suzanne , Pricl Sabrina , Guillet Benjamin , Garrigue Philippe , Peng Ling
Published: December 2024

This study reports the impact of increased hydrophobicity of the amphiphilic dendrimer on hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and consequently on the self-assembly and subsequent biodistribution.