bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keeping you on your toes: Smith–Lemli–Opitz Syndrome is an easily missed cause of developmental delays
Authors: Coupe Simone , Hertzog Ashley , Foran Carolyn , Tolun Adviye Ayper , Suthern Megan , Chung Clara W. T. , Ellaway Carolyn
Published: February 2023

Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a relatively common genetic cause of developmental delay and may only present in conjunction with 2,3 toe syndactyly. This case series illustrates a milder phenotype of SLOS, where the predominant findings are neurocognitive in the presence of 2,3 toe syndactyly.
Pyrolysis Processes and Physiochemical Properties of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuel from Waste Plastics
Authors: Singh Man Vir
Published: February 2023

Pyrolysis of blended waste plastics into valuable chemicals such as fuel by using various catalysts is a vital and successful method at 350–500 °C. Virgin plastic can be recycled in plastic products once or twice only due to the loss of mechanical properties. The pyrolysis process is an important method for minimizing waste plastics and the need for alternative fuel sources that can at least replenish petrochemical resources. The quality of liquid green fuel depends on the distillation method of plastics with a heating range. Physiochemical parameters determined the qualities of the fuel, and their results were found to be equal to commercial fuel. This green fuel can be used as a transportation fuel and chemical feedstock for refineries without any upgrading. Liquid petrochemicals as fuel from waste plastics have been found to have good density values.
Towards Promotion of Graphene/Titania‐Based Electrode via Ultrafast and Self‐Expansion Reduction for Li‐ion Battery
Authors: Kędzierski Tomasz , Baranowska Daria , Zielińska Beata , Mijowska Ewa
Published: February 2023

In this study, a facile strategy to promote electrochemical performance of free‐standing Li‐ion battery electrode composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2) via composite formation with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using ultrafast and self‐expansion reduction reaction (USER) was proposed. This approach induced self‐expansion through rapid heating providing abundance of cavities/empty spaces to alleviate volume change during charge/discharge process resulting in boosted storage and conversion response of the system (765 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1) and accelerated Coulombic efficiency. Detailed electrochemical, microscopic and structural analyses (ex‐situ) of the film prove that this internal expansion delivers enhanced ionic diffusion and shielding material from volume changes during charge/discharge process. Therefore, we believe that this simple and very fast strategy offers a venue to overcome one of the main bottleneck in promotion of electrochemical performance of other active materials which are sensitive to volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation process.
Plasmonic Photocatalysis for CO2 Reduction: Advances, Understanding and Possibilities
Authors: Wang Fangmu , Lu Zhehong , Guo Hu , Zhang Guangpu , Li Yan , Hu Yubing , Jiang Wei , Liu Guigao
Published: February 2023

Plasmonic photocatalysis for CO2 reduction is attracting increasing attention due to appealing properties and great potential for real applications. In this review, the fundamentals of plasmonic photocatalysis and the most recent developments regarding its application in driving CO2 reduction are reported. Firstly, we present the review on the mechanism of plasmonic photocatalytic CO2 reduction, the energy transfer of plasmon, and the CO2 reduction process on the catalyst surface. Then, the modulation on the plasmonic nanostructures and also the semiconductor counterpart to regulate CO2 photoreduction is discussed. Next, the influence of the core‐shell structure and the interface between the plasmonic metal and semiconductor on the CO2 photoreduction performance is also outlined. In addition, the latest progress on the emerging direction regarding the plasmonic photocatalysis for methane dry reforming with CO2 is especially emphasized. Finally, a summary on the challenges and prospects of this promising field are provided.
Cooperativity‐Driven Reactivity of a Dinuclear Copper Dimethylglyoxime Complex
Authors: Petrikat Raphael I. , Steiger Sophie T. , Barani Elham , Boden Pit J. , Huber Maximilian E. , Ringenberg Mark R. , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Fink Karin , Becker Sabine
Published: February 2023

In this report, we present the dinuclear copper(II) dimethylglyoxime (H2dmg) complex [Cu2(H2dmg)(Hdmg)(dmg)]+(1), which, in contrast to its mononuclear analogue [Cu(Hdmg)2] (2), is subject to a cooperativity‐driven hydrolysis. The combined Lewis acidity of both copper centers increases the electrophilicity of the carbon atom in the bridgingμ2‐O−N=C‐group of H2dmg and thus, facilitates the nucleophilic attack of H2O. This hydrolysis yields butane‐2,3‐dione monoxime (3) and NH2OH that, depending on the solvent, is then either oxidized or reduced. In ethanol, NH2OH is reduced to NH4+, yielding acetaldehyde as the oxidation product. In contrast, in CH3CN, NH2OH is oxidized by CuIIto form N2O and [Cu(CH3CN)4]+. Herein are presented the combined synthetic, theoretical, spectroscopic and spectrometric methods that indicate and establish the reaction pathway of this solvent‐dependent reaction.
Controlling the Flexibility of Carbazole‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks by Substituent Effects
Authors: Sugamata Koh , Shirai Akihiro , Minoura Mao
Published: February 2023

We have developed highly porous Cu‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) using carbazole‐type linkers. The novel topological structure of these MOFs was revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Molecular adsorption/desorption experiments indicated that these MOFs are flexible and change their structure upon adsorption/desorption of organic solvents and gas molecules. These MOFs exhibit unprecedented properties that allow controlling their flexibility by adding a functional group onto the central benzene ring of the organic ligand. For example, the introduction of electron‐donating substituents increases the robustness of the resulting MOFs. These MOFs also exhibit flexibility‐dependent differences in gas‐adsorption and ‐separation performance. Thus, this study represents the first example of controlling the flexibility of MOFs with the same topological structure via the substituent effect of functional groups introduced into the organic ligand.
Molecular Shape, Electronic Factors, and the Ferroelectric Nematic Phase: Investigating the Impact of Structural Modifications
Authors: Tufaha Naila , Cruickshank Ewan , Pociecha Damian , Gorecka Ewa , Storey John M.D. , Imrie Corrie T.
Published: February 2023

The synthesis and characterisation of two series of low molar mass mesogens, the (4‐nitrophenyl) 2‐alkoxy‐4‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)oxybenzoates (NT3.m) and the (3‐fluoro‐4‐nitrophenyl) 2‐alkoxy‐4‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)oxybenzoates (NT3F.m), are reported in order to investigate the effect of changing the position of a lateral alkoxy chain from the methoxy‐substituted terminal ring to the central phenyl ring in these two series of materials based on RM734. All members of the NT3.m series exhibited a conventional nematic phase, N, which preceded the ferroelectric nematic phase, NF, whereas all the members of the NT3F.m series exhibited direct NF‐I transitions except for NT3F.1 which also exhibited an N phase. These materials cannot be described as wedge‐shaped, yet their values of the ferroelectric nematic‐nematic transition temperature, T
, exceed those of the corresponding materials with the lateral alkoxy chain located on the methoxy‐substituted terminal ring. In part, this may be attributed to the effect that changing the position of the lateral alkoxy chain has on the electronic properties of these materials, specifically on the electron density associated with the methoxy‐substituted terminal aromatic ring. The value of TNI decreased with the addition of a fluorine atom ortho to the nitro group in NT3F.1, however, the opposite behaviour was found when the transition temperatures of the NF phase were compared which are higher for the NT3F.m series. This may reflect a change in the polarity and polarizability of the NT3F.m series compared to the NT3.m series. Therefore, it is suggested that, rather than simply promoting a tapered shape, the role of the lateral chain in inhibiting anti‐parallel associations and its effect on the electronic properties of the molecules are the key factors in driving the formation of the NF phase.
A Cyclodextrin Polymer as Supramolecular Matrix for Scalable Green Photooxygenation of Hydrophobic Substrates in Homogeneous Phase
Authors: Agnes Marco , Mazza Arianna , Kalydi Eszter , Béni Szabolcs , Malanga Milo , Manet Ilse
Published: February 2023

In the quest for new therapies targeting hypoxia, aromatic endoperoxides have intriguing potential as oxygen releasing agents (ORAs) able to free O2 in tissues upon suitable trigger. Four aromatic substrates were synthesized and the formation of their corresponding endoperoxides was optimized in organic solvent upon selective irradiation of Methylene Blue, a low‐cost photocatalyst, producing the reactive singlet oxygen species. Complexation of the hydrophobic substrates within a hydrophilic cyclodextrin (CyD) polymer allowed their photooxygenation in homogeneous aqueous environment using the same optimized protocol upon dissolution in water of the three readily accessible reagents. Notably, reaction rates were comparable in buffered D2O and organic solvent and, for the first time, the photooxygenation of highly hydrophobic substrates was achieved for millimolar solutions in non‐deuterated water. Quantitative conversion of the substrates, straightforward isolation of the endoperoxides and recovery of the polymeric matrix were achieved. Cycloreversion of one ORA to the original aromatic substrate was observed upon thermolysis. These results hold great potential for the launch of CyD polymers both as reaction vessels for green, homogeneous photocatalysis and as carrier for the delivery of ORAs in tissues.
A Single‐Atom Nanozyme Cascade for Selective Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanocatalytic Therapy
Authors: Morajkar Rasmi , Fatrekar Adarsh P. , Vernekar Amit
Published: February 2023

The evolution of cancers to resist existing therapeutic strategies has constantly led researchers to design next‐generation therapeutics. Research on nanomedicine holds significant potential in developing newer cancer therapeutics. Nanozymes bearing the properties of enzymes can be promising anticancer agents due to their tunable enzyme‐like properties. In one such approach, a biocompatible cobalt‐single‐atom nanozyme (Co‐SAs@NC) bearing catalase and oxidase‐like activities that function in cascade at the tumor microenvironment has been reported recently. The current highlight discusses this investigation to unveil Co‐SAs@NC's mechanism in tumor cell apoptosis through in vivo studies.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single and Multiple Daily Dosing of 75‐mg Rimegepant Orally Disintegrating Tablets in Healthy Chinese Adults: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Xinghe , Ballesteros‐Perez Alex , Bertz Richard , Lu Zhihong
Published: February 2023

Rimegepant is an oral small‐molecule calcitonin gene‐related peptide antagonist for acute migraine treatment with or without aura and prevention of episodic migraine in adults. This was a rimegepant single‐ and multiple‐dose phase 1, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and confirm safety in healthy Chinese participants. Participants received a 75‐mg rimegepant orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) (N = 12) or matching placebo (N = 4) ODT on days 1 and 3–7 after fasting for pharmacokinetic assessments. Safety assessments included 12‐lead electrocardiograms, vital signs, clinical laboratory data, and adverse events (AEs). After a single dose (9 females, 7 males) median time to maximum plasma concentration was 1.5 hours; mean values were 937 ng/mL (maximum concentration), 4582 h*ng/mL (area under the concentration–time curve, 0 to infinity), 7.7 hours (terminal elimination half‐life), and 19.9 L/h (apparent clearance). Similar results were seen after 5 daily doses, with minimal accumulation. Six (37.5%) participants experienced ≥1 treatment‐emergent AE: 4 (33.3%) had received rimegepant and 2 (50.0%) had received placebo. All AEs were grade 1 and resolved by the end of the study with no deaths, serious/significant AEs, or AEs leading to discontinuation. Overall, single‐ and multiple‐dose rimegepant ODT 75 mg was safe and well‐tolerated in healthy Chinese adults with similar pharmacokinetics to non‐Asian healthy participants.

Trial registration: This trial is registered with the China Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE): CTR20210569
Ni‐Ti Intercalated and Supported Bentonite for Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Xu Yiyuan , Su Tongming , Luo Xuan , Qin Zuzeng , Ji Hongbing
Published: February 2023

Ni‐Ti intercalated bentonite catalysts (Ni‐Ti‐bentonite) and Ni‐TiO2 supported bentonite catalysts (Ni‐TiO2/bentonite) were prepared, and the effects of Ni‐Ti supported and intercalated bentonite on the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde were investigated. Ni‐Ti intercalated bentonite enhanced the Brønsted acid sites strength, decreased the acid amount and Lewis's acid sites strength, which inhibited the activation of the C=O bond and contributed to selective hydrogenation of the C=C bond. When Ni‐TiO2 was supported on bentonite, the acid amount and Lewis's acid strength of the catalyst increased, providing additional adsorption sites and increased the acetals byproducts. Due to the higher surface area, mesoporous volume, and suitable acidity, compared with Ni‐TiO2/bentonite in methanol solvent, 2 MPa, 120 °C for 1 h, Ni‐Ti‐bentonite exhibited a higher cinnamaldehyde (CAL) conversion of 98.8 %, as well as a higher hydrocinnamaldehyde (HCAL) selectivity of 95 %, and no acetals were found in the product.
Supercritical CO2‐induced New Chemical Bond of C−O−Si in Graphdiyne to Achieve Robust Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Yang Jian , Gao Bo , Liu Wei , Du Jiang , Xu Qun
Published: February 2023

The realization of ferromagnetic ordering of two‐dimensional (2D) carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) has attracted great attention due to its promising application in spin semiconductor devices. However, the absence of localized spins makes the pristine GDY intrinsically nonferromagnetic. Herein, we report the realization of robust room‐temperature (RT) ferromagnetism (FM) with Curie temperature (TC) up to 325 K for GDY Nanosheets (GDYNs) by supercritical CO2(SC CO2). Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the new chemical bond of C−O−Si can be formed because of the unique effect of SC CO2, which help to enhance the charge transfer and generates long‐range ferromagnetic order. The RT saturation magnetization (MS) reaches 1.125 emu/g, which is much higher than that of carbon‐based materials reported up to now. Meanwhile, by changing the conditions of SC CO2such as pressure, ferromagnetic responses can be manipulated, which is great for potential spintronics applications of GDY.
Shared vision as a guiding star
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura , Kitayama Jason
Published: February 2023

In the first eight columns of “Management Matters,” I have covered:
Reinventing school: Higher ed innovators
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: February 2023

You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.

Buckminster Fuller
Combining local, landscape, and regional geographies to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact
Authors: Ibáñez Inés , Petri Laís , Barnett David T. , Beaury Evelyn M. , Blumenthal Dana M. , Corbin Jeffrey D. , Diez Jeffrey , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Early Regan , Pearse Ian S. , Sorte Cascade J. B. , Vilà Montserrat , Bradley Bethany
Published: February 2023

Invasive species science has focused heavily on the invasive agent. However, management to protect native species also requires a proactive approach focused on resident communities and the features affecting their vulnerability to invasion impacts. Vulnerability is likely the result of factors acting across spatial scales, from local to regional, and it is the combined effects of these factors that will determine the magnitude of vulnerability. Here, we introduce an analytical framework that quantifies the scale‐dependent impact of biological invasions on native richness from the shape of the native species–area relationship (SAR). We leveraged newly available, biogeographically extensive vegetation data from the U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact as a function of factors acting across scales. We analyzed more than 1000 SARs widely distributed across the USA along environmental gradients and under different levels of non‐native plant cover. Decreases in native richness were consistently associated with non‐native species cover, but native richness was compromised only at relatively high levels of non‐native cover. After accounting for variation in baseline ecosystem diversity, net primary productivity, and human modification, ecoregions that were colder and wetter were most vulnerable to losses of native plant species at the local level, while warmer and wetter areas were most susceptible at the landscape level. We also document how the combined effects of cross‐scale factors result in a heterogeneous spatial pattern of vulnerability. This pattern could not be predicted by analyses at any single scale, underscoring the importance of accounting for factors acting across scales. Simultaneously assessing differences in vulnerability between distinct plant communities at local, landscape, and regional scales provided outputs that can be used to inform policy and management aimed at reducing vulnerability to the impact of plant invasions.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of the Cobalt Triaryl Corroles Bearing Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Lv Zhou‐Yan , Yang Gang , Ren Bao‐Ping , Liu Zheng‐Yan , Zhang Hao , Si Li‐Ping , Liu Hai‐Yang , Chang Chi‐Kwong
Published: February 2023

Three isomeric A2B‐type new cobalt triaryl corroles bearing hydroxyphenyl substituents have been prepared and well characterized. Their activity and stability in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been investigated. The results showed that the hydroxyl position of the phenyl group had significant influence on electrocatalytic HER. The ortho‐hydroxyphenyl substituted cobalt corrole (1) core displays the best HER activity using TsOH proton source, and the turnover frequency (TOF) and catalytic efficiency (C.E) reach 318.68 s−1 and 1.13, respectively. Moreover, a turnover number (TON) of 1447.39 and Faraday efficiency (FE) of 98.7 % have been observed in aqueous medium. The catalytic pathway is via EECEC, EECC or ECEC pathways depending on the acidity of acid proton source (E: electron transfer step, C: chemical step, in this case protonation). The catalytic HER performance of these cobalt corroles follows an order of o‐hydroxyl > p‐hydroxyl > m‐hydroxyl isomer, showing the o‐ and p‐hydroxyl of the phenyl groups are more efficient in accelerating proton relay.
Crystal Growth and Crystal Structures of Gold(V) Compounds: Cu(AuF6)2, Ag(AuF6)2, and O2(CuF)3(AuF6)4 ⋅ HF
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny
Published: February 2023

Crystal growth from anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solutions of M2+(M=Cu, Ag) and [AuF6]−gave M(AuF6)2salts (M=Cu, Ag). Similar attempts to prepare single crystals of the corresponding nickel, zinc and magnesium salts failed. The crystal structure of Cu(AuF6)2consists of layers of Cu2+cations connected by [AuF6]−anions, thus forming slabs. Only van der Waals interactions exist between adjacent slabs. The crystal structure of Ag(AuF6)2consists of a three‐dimensional framework in which Ag+cations are linked by [AuF6]−anions. Both structures are members of the MII(XVF6)2family, in which seven different structure types have been observed to date. In the crystal structure of O2(CuF)3(AuF6)4 ⋅ HF, the bridging AuF6units connect [−Cu−F−Cu−F−]∞chains to form stacks between which O2+cations and HF molecules are located.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 2‐Arylquinoxalines with Cyclic 2‐Diazo‐1,3‐diketones by C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Ajay Chidrawar , Yogananda Chary Devulapally , Balasubramanian Sridhar , Subba Reddy Basi V.
Published: February 2023

Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond annulation of 2‐arylquinoxalines with cyclic 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diketones has been accomplished for the first time to synthesize a novel series of 2,3‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazin‐4(1H)‐one frameworks by means of carbene insertion followed by condensation. The reaction proceeds through the C−H bond activation and functionalization of 2‐arylquinoxalines using Rh(III)/AgSbF6 complex to produce highly substituted 2,3‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazin‐4(1H)‐one and benzo[5,6][1,2,4]thiadiazino[2,3‐f]phenanthridin‐5(6H)‐one‐10,10‐dioxide derivatives in good to excellent yields.
The effect of soursop‐flower‐enriched fried palm olein on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rats
Authors: Demgne Loungaing Valerie , Tonfack Djikeng Fabrice , Boungo Teboukeu Gires , Njike Ngamga Fabrice Herve , Womeni Hilaire Macaire
Published: February 2023

This work set out to, first, assess the role of soursop flower extracts (SFE) in limiting palm olein oxidation during the production of plantain chips, before ascertaining the effect of these soursop‐flower‐enriched fried palm olein on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rats. The extracts were added to 1.5 kg of oil at 1000, 1400, and 1800 ppm, while BHT at 200 ppm served as a positive control (PO+BHT), and the oil without additives was the negative control (PO). The samples were subjected to 15 frying cycles. Total oxidation values varied between 5.94 ± 0.0 and 31.58 ± 0.37; 8.08 ± 0.25 and 28.24 ± 0.00 and 13.71 ± 0.24 and 42.71 ± 0.40 respectively for palm olein enriched with SFE, for PO+BHT and for PO. Twenty‐one groups each comprising five rats received, through dietary supplementation, oils subjected to 0, and 5, 10 and 15 frying cycles for a duration of 30 days. The alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase of rats fed with oils enriched with SFE at fresh states and at 5 frying cycles was comparable to that of the neutral control group (23.45 ± 2.65 and 93.10 ± 3.53 U/L) and lower than that of the negative control group (52.15 ± 2.01 and 124.07 ± 1.89 U/L). The HDL cholesterol of these animals was also comparable to that of the neutral control group (67.82 ± 4.06 mg/dl) and higher than that of the negative control group (50.25 ± 5.20 mg/dl). White blood cells and mean corpuscular volume of rats fed with fried olein previously enriched with SFE were lower than those fed with fried olein without additives. These extracts are recommended as natural antioxidants for the stabilization of palm olein.
Analyzing soft tissue stiffness of human upper arms during physical dynamic and quasi‐static impacts in human–machine interaction
Authors: Rajaei Nader , Fujikawa Tatsuo , Yamada Yoji
Published: February 2023

Knowledge of the changes in the behavior of human soft tissue stiffness during physical impact in human–machine interaction (HMI) plays a vital role in the development of biofidelity testing devices such as a human dummy. These testing devices are widely applied as an effective means to validate the safety of machinery during dynamic or static contact with humans in HMI. In this study, we assess changes in soft tissue stiffness in the upper arm of individuals under both dynamic (0.7 and 0.25 m/s) and quasi‐static (QS) impacts under a constrained contact condition. Three impactor shapes (cylindrical, cubic, and spherical) are used in this study. Impact experiments are conducted using impactors attached to a pendulum. The soft‐tissue displacement is determined using an ultrasound device. The impact force‐displacement curves illustrate the nonlinear behavior of the soft tissue stiffness under both dynamic and QS impacts. By utilizing the “Linear Mixed Model” statistical analysis, we found that changes in the impact velocity significantly influenced the changes in the nonlinear behavior of soft tissue stiffness while there was no significant effect of the changes in the impactor shape on the nonlinear behavior of the soft tissue stiffness. Additionally, we revealed that the changes in the soft tissue stiffness are influenced by the size of the contact area. Moreover, we demonstrated a range of changes in soft tissue stiffness for different impact velocities, which provide valuable information for developing future validation test devices in HMI, such as the design and evaluation of dummy skin.
Effect of metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination on soil organic carbon storage in semiarid areas
Authors: Jahantab Esfandiar
Published: February 2023

Metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination severely influences the carbon storage potential of the biosphere. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) under metal and PAH contamination in the industrial area of Shiraz, Iran, over a period of 5 years. Canonical correspondence analysis and linear correlation analysis were performed to identify the relationship between metals, PAHs, vegetation and SOC. The results showed that both metals and PAHs significantly reduced SOC (p < 0.001). Metals played a more important role in SOC changes than PAHs by changing the vegetation characteristics. Increasing concentrations of ∑PAH (R2 = 0.33), phenanthrene (R2 = 0.36) and naphthalene (R2 = 0.42) were directly related to decreasing SOC. Additionally, the metals copper (Cu), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) with the highest enrichment factor (EF; i.e. Pb = 5.42) had a negative correlation with SOC (R2 = 0.77). In general, metal contamination was more visible than PAH contamination and severely reduced the SOC. Overall, the management and filtration of polluting sources can prevent vegetation decline from reducing the SOC.
Increased Bone Formation and Accelerated Bone Mass Accrual in a Man Presenting with Diffuse Osteosclerosis/High Bone Mass Phenotype and Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary
Authors: Diamond Terrence H. , Bryant Carl , Quinn Richard , Mohanty Sindhu T. , Bonar Fiona , Baldock Paul A. , McDonald Michelle M.
Published: February 2023

A 71‐year‐old man was referred for evaluation of incidental generalized osteosclerosis. He was found to have a high bone mass (HBM) with an elevated lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) Z‐score of +5.3. Over an 18‐month period, his lumbar spine BMD measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) had increased by +64% from 1.09 to 1.79 g/cm2 and femoral neck by +21% from 0.83 to 1.01 g/cm2. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were markedly increased (serum propeptide of type 1 collagen and urine telopeptides greater than 10‐times normal). The high bone formation and increased skeletal calcium acquisition resulted in profound hypocalcemia (low serum calcium 1.88 mmol/L) and hypocalciuria (low urinary calcium <0.2 mmol/day). Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18] fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG) confirmed diffuse osteosclerosis without focal areas of abnormal FDG uptake in the skeleton or elsewhere to suggest either an underlying primary malignancy or metastatic disease. Bone biopsy showed markedly sclerotic woven and lamellar bone. The marrow space was devoid of typical bone cells and adipocytes and instead was filled by fibromyxoid stroma, infiltrated by small clusters of tumor cells. Bone histomorphometry and micro–computed tomography demonstrated an elevated trabecular bone volume and trabecular plate thickness. The bone disorder in this case is unique and raises the possibility of a new yet undefined novel anabolic paracrine factor (or factors) secreted by an adenocarcinoma of unknown primary that resulted in dramatic increases in BMD, HBM, and radiological osteosclerosis. The differential diagnosis and potential mechanisms responsible for the HBM are discussed. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Weighing the Evidence for the Roles of Plasma Versus Local Pyrophosphate in Ectopic Calcification Disorders
Authors: Ralph Douglas , Levine Michael , Millán José Luis , Uitto Jouni , Li Qiaoli
Published: February 2023

Ectopic calcification is characterized by inappropriate deposition of calcium mineral in nonskeletal connective tissues and can cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly when it affects the cardiovascular system. Identification of the metabolic and genetic determinants of ectopic calcification could help distinguish individuals at the greatest risk of developing these pathological calcifications and could guide development of medical interventions. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) has long been recognized as the most potent endogenous inhibitor of biomineralization. It has been intensively studied as both a marker and a potential therapeutic for ectopic calcification. Decreased extracellular concentrations of PPi have been proposed to be a unifying pathophysiological mechanism for disorders of ectopic calcification, both genetic and acquired. However, are reduced plasma concentrations of PPi a reliable predictor of ectopic calcification? This perspective article evaluates the literature in favor and against a pathophysiological role of plasma versus tissue PPi dysregulation as a determinant of, and as a biomarker for, ectopic calcification. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Dihydromyricetin suppresses tumor growth via downregulation of the EGFR/Akt/survivin signaling pathway
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Zhou Li , Wang Ruike , Zhang Yangnan , Li Wei
Published: February 2023

Deregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is frequently observed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to determine the impact of dihydromyricetin (DHM) on NSCLC, a natural compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata with various pharmacological activities. Results of the present study demonstrated that DHM may act as a promising antitumor agent for NSCLC therapy, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, results of the present study demonstrated that exposure to DHM downregulated the activity of wild‐type (WT) and mutant EGFRs (mutations, exon 19 deletion, and L858R/T790M mutation). Moreover, western blot analysis indicated that DHM induced cell apoptosis via suppression of the antiapoptotic protein, survivin. Results of the present study further demonstrated that depletion or activation of EGFR/Akt signaling may regulate survivin expression though modulating ubiquitination. Collectively, these results suggested that DHM may act as a potential EGFR inhibitor, and may provide a novel choice of treatment strategy for patients with NSCLC.
Meta‐analysis of culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression
Authors: Silveus Sarah A. , Schmit Michael K. , Oliveira Joy Teles , Hughes Lindsey E.
Published: February 2023

In this meta‐analysis, we synthesized 42 between‐group studies (N = 4114) evaluating the effectiveness of culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CA‐CBT) on reducing depression and anxiety severity when compared to waitlist/control groups and active alternative treatments. Separate random‐effects meta‐analyses revealed moderate‐to‐large effect sizes in favor of CA‐CBT on depression and anxiety when compared to active alternative treatments and waitlist/control groups. Independent random‐effects models revealed evidence of publication bias and indicated influential moderating effects on anxiety. Implications for counselor practice are discussed.
Exploring the role of a multidisciplinary hereditary gynecologic oncology clinic in epithelial ovarian cancer risk‐reducing surgical decision‐making practices: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Casalino Selina , Bruce Sharon , Serfas Kim , Altman Alon D. , Kean Sarah , Lambert Pascal , McManus Kirk J. , Hartley Jessica N. , Nachtigal Mark W.
Published: February 2023

Individuals that have gynecologic reproductive organs with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (“BRCA‐positive”) have an increased risk of developing high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The majority of HGSOC develops in the fallopian tubes and later spreads to the ovaries and peritoneal cavity. Therefore, risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) is recommended for those who are BRCA‐positive to preventatively remove their ovaries and fallopian tubes. The Hereditary Gynecology Clinic (HGC) is a provincial program in Winnipeg, Canada, that specifically targets care to the unique needs of such individuals through an interdisciplinary team of gynecological oncologists, menopause specialists, and registered nurses. A mixed‐methods study design was used to explore the decision‐making processes of these BRCA‐positive individuals who have been recommended (or who completed) RRSO and experiences with healthcare providers at the HGC influenced this decision. Individuals who are BRCA‐positive without a previous diagnosis of HGSOC and who had previously received genetic counselling were recruited from the HGC and the provincial cancer genetics program (Shared Health Program of Genetics & Metabolism). Forty‐three people completed a survey and 15 participated in an in‐depth interview about their experiences and decisions surrounding RRSO. Surveys were analyzed to compare scores on validated scales related to decision‐making and cancer‐related worry. Qualitative interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using interpretive description. Participants described the complex decisions faced by those who are BRCA‐positive, which are intertwined with life experiences and circumstances including age, marital status, and family disease history. Participants interpreted their HGSOC risk through a personalized “lens” of contextual factors that impacted perceptions about the practical and emotional implications of RRSO and the need for surgery. Mean scores on validated scales evaluating the HGC's impact on decisional outcomes and preparedness for decision‐making about RRSO were not significant, indicating that the HGC played a supportive role, rather than helping with decision‐making itself. Therefore, we present a novel framework that consolidates the various influences on decision‐making and connects them to the psychological and practical implications of RRSO in the context of the HGC. Strategies for improving support, decisional outcomes, and the overall experiences of individuals who are BRCA‐positive attending the HGC are also described.
Ubiquity of graphs with nowhere‐linear end structure
Authors: Bowler Nathan , Elbracht Christian , Erde Joshua , Gollin J. Pascal , Heuer Karl , Pitz Max , Teegen Maximilian
Published: February 2023

A graph is said to be ‐ubiquitous, where is the minor relation between graphs, if whenever is a graph with for all , then one also has , where is the disjoint union of many copies of . A well‐known conjecture of Andreae is that every locally finite connected graph is ‐ubiquitous. In this paper we give a sufficient condition on the structure of the ends of a graph which implies that is ‐ubiquitous. In particular this implies that the full‐grid is ‐ubiquitous.
Deep Learning Approach for MRI in the Classification of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injuries
Authors: Ni Ming , Chen Wen , Zhao Qiang , Zhao Yuqing , Yuan Huishu
Published: February 2023

Background

Diagnosing anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injuries differs among radiologists. Further assessment of ATFL tears is valuable for clinical decision‐making.

Purpose

To establish a deep learning method for classifying ATFL injuries based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

One thousand seventy‐three patients from a single center with ankle MRI within 1 month of reference standard arthroscopy (in‐group dataset), were divided into training, validation, and test sets in a ratio of 8:1:1. Additionally, 167 patients from another center were used as an independent out‐group dataset.

Field Strength/Sequence

Fat‐saturation proton density‐weighted fast spin–echo sequence at 1.5/3.0 T.

Assessment

Patients were divided into normal, strain and degeneration, partial tear and complete tear groups (groups 0–3). The complete tear group was divided into five sub‐groups by location and the potential avulsion fracture (groups 3.1–3.5). All images were input into AlexNet, VGG11, Small‐Sample‐Attention Net (SSA‐Net), and SSA‐Net + Weight Loss for classification. The results were compared with four radiologists with 5–30 years of experience.

Statistical Tests

Model performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and so on. McNemar's test was used to compare performance among the different models, and between the radiologists and models. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of the radiologists. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The average AUC of AlexNet, VGG11, SAA‐Net, and SSA‐Net + Weight Loss was 0.95, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99 in groups 0–3 and 0.96, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99 in groups 3.1–3.5. The effect of SSA‐Net + Weight Loss was similar to SSA‐Net but better than AlexNet and VGG11. In the out‐group test set, the AUC of SSA‐Net + Weight Loss ranged from 0.89 to 0.99. The ICC of radiologists was 0.97–1.00. The effect of SSA‐Net + Weight Loss was better than each radiologist in the in‐group and out‐group test sets.

Data Conclusion

Deep learning has potential to be used for classifying ATFL injuries. SSA‐Net + Weight Loss has a better diagnostic effect than radiologists with different experience levels.

Level of Evidence

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Kinetic studies on the persulfate oxidation of methylene blue in the absence and presence of silver(I) as a catalyst in aqueous and micellar media
Authors: Ewais Hassan A. , Basaleh Amal S. , Al Angari Yasser M.
Published: February 2023

The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidative decolorization of methylene blue (MB+) as a cationic dye by persulfate using silver(I) catalyst in aqueous acidic medium were studied. The effects of different parameters like [H+], [Ag+], reactant concentration, micelles, and temperatures were investigated. The kinetic data showed that the oxidative decolorization of [MB]+ by persulfate obeyed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics by taking a large excess of [S2O82−] over [MB+]. The observed rate constant increases with increasing of [H+]. A plausible mechanism for the silver(I) enhanced decolorization of [MB]+ by persulfate is suggested which is consistent with the experimental rate law. The effect of micelles such as SDS and Triton X‐100 on the reaction rate is investigated. The rate of reaction decreases with increasing [SDS] but is not affected by Triton X‐100. The mechanism of the electron transfer process between [MB]+ and S2O82– proceeds through an outer‐sphere mechanism. Thermodynamic activation parameters ΔH* and ΔS* were calculated. The experimental data may be useful for the layout of wastewater treatment containing various types of dyes.
Remote sensing of grasslands in the South American Pampas (scientometrics analysis)
Authors: da Rocha Najila Souza , Veettil Bijeesh Kozhikkodan , Ward Raymond David , Costi Juliana , Rolim Silvia Beatriz Alves
Published: February 2023

Remotely sensed data contains a range of information (spectral, spatial, radiometric, and temporal) useful in mapping and monitoring grassland extent, minimizing the cost of field data collection and laboratory analysis, thereby improving management and conservation of these ecosystems. The South American pampa biome is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world consisting of an evergreen grassland environment in the southern areas of the continent (Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina). In this review paper, a scientometrics analysis of the applications of grassland remote sensing in the South American pampa biome was performed with Web of Science Collection data using the relationship between authors/co‐authors, institutions, countries, and keywords. Despite a large number of published works on the application of remote sensing in grassland ecosystems, comparatively, few have been conducted in the South American pampa biome. Of 166 published articles on remote sensing of grassland systems, the first one published on the pampas was in 1995, while research on this topic has been going on since 1985 in the rest of the world. Recently, some Journals have demonstrated interest in remote sensing of the pampa region: (a)IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth, (b) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, and (c) Science of The Total Environment. A number of remote sensing methods applied elsewhere have yet to be applied in the South American Pampas, including LiDAR applications. A wide range of grassland parameters that can be estimated using remote sensing includes ecosystem health, alien species invasion, and biomass.
Image analysis and benthic ecology: Proceedings to analyze in situ long‐term image series
Authors: Alicia Romero‐Ramirez , Laura Morales Luna Hadrys , Piotr Kuklinski , Maciej Chelchowski , Piotr Balazy
Published: February 2023

Long time series of underwater images have become a tool widely used within the benthic ecology research community. The development of new acquisition systems with bigger storing capacities lead researchers and scientists to deploy them for longer periods resulting in large amounts of data. This paper focuses on the first steps of analyzing large numbers of underwater images, which involves assessing the amount of valid data while assuming no technical problems. The question here addressed is how many of the in situ images can reliably be really used for benthic ecology purposes. To answer this question, we propose a method to eliminate nonvalid images and use it with four different sets of time‐lapsed images acquired for long periods ranging from 73 to 371 ds in a row. The results show that elimination of between 8% and 22% of the images is possible depending on the data set. The main advantage of the method is easing and accelerating automation of subsequent analysis.
Surface Modification of Polydimethylsiloxane via Combined Aminolysis and Alcoholysis Generating Cell Adhesive and Antifouling Properties
Authors: Gabriel Matthias , Raynaud Christophe Michel , Bollensdorff Christian
Published: February 2023

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an elastomeric polymer frequently used as implant material, for flexible tubing and in microfluidic devices. The pronounced hydrophobic surface of this unique material impedes many applications where a good wetting behavior is required. Consequentially, various ways of surface modifications have been used to introduce new properties. Plasma treatment is the most popular technique in this respect, but is not generally applicable, especially if hardly accessible surfaces are to be modified. A novel wet‐chemistry‐based modification scheme yielding an amino‐functionalized PDMS surface using a combined alcoholysis/aminolysis reaction is presented. Biological applications are exemplified by the conjugation of the RGD peptide, or polyethylene glycol (PEG) and heparin, yielding surfaces with cell‐adhesive or nonthrombogenic properties, respectively. The effect of subsequent conjugation with an adhesive peptide is tested in cell culture. Additionally, two antifouling surfaces generated by coupling heparin and polyethylene glycol respectively are shown to improve the materials resistance to platelet adhesion drastically while simultaneously preventing hydrophobic recovery of the PDMS surface. The findings provide a versatile means of surface functionalization of PDMS substrates and is suitable for many biomedical applications.
4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance
Authors: Aberoumand Mohammad , Soltanmohammadi Kianoosh , Rahmatabadi Davood , Soleyman Elyas , Ghasemi Ismaeil , Baniassadi Majid , Abrinia Karen , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa
Published: February 2023

In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape‐memory effects is 4D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful 3D printing of lab‐made filament from PVC granules is introduced. Macro‐ and microstructural features of 3D printed PVC are investigated by means of wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. A promising shape‐memory feature of PVC is hypothesized from the presence of small close imperfect thermodynamically stable crystallites as physical crosslinks, which are further reinforced by mesomorphs and possibly molecular entanglement. A detailed analysis of shape fixity and shape recovery performance of 3D printed PVC is carried out considering three programming scenarios of cold (Tg −45 °C), warm (Tg −15 °C), and hot (Tg +15 °C) and two load holding times of 0 s, and 600 s under three‐point bending and compression modes. Extensive insightful discussions are presented, and in conclusion, shape‐memory effects are promising,ranging from 83.24% to 100%. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state‐of‐the‐art shape‐memory materials library for 4D printing, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the 3D printing of shape‐memory PVC‐based structures.
Facile Synthesis of Fe3O4−SiO2Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad , Khan Abbas , Humayun Muhammad , Farooq Saima , Shah Nasrullah , Bibi Shaista , Khattak Zafar A. K. , Rehman Ata Ur , Ahmad Sajjad , Ahmad Shah Masood , Bououdina Mohamed , Ullah Habib
Published: February 2023

Water constitutes ≈70–90% of the organism's body by mass and is highly important for its survival. Water contains a variety of chemical contaminants introduced by various sectors, resulting in contamination that has a direct impact on the ecosystem. Various approaches are in practice to tackle these issues. Among these, semiconductor photocatalysis appears to be the cutting‐edge technology for the degradation of wastewater contaminants. Herein, the fabrication of Fe3O4−SiO2nanocomposite via facile co‐precipitation and Stober methods are reported. Various characterization techniques are employed for the structural elucidation, morphology, crystallinity, and stability of the as‐prepared composite. The nanocomposite is employed in catalytic and photocatalytic applications toward the removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes from a comparative perspective. It is observed that the composite can remove about 93% of MB and 51% of MO within 7 and 6 h, respectively. These findings indicate that the nanocomposite has a higher MB removal effectiveness than the MO. This trend can be accredited to the difference in the chemical structure of both dyes. The nanocomposite is also evaluated for antioxidant and antileishmanial activity, and it is shown to be quite effective even at very low concentrations.