bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making-the-Product-Happen: A Driver of Crowdfunding Participation
Authors: Zvilichovsky David , Danziger Shai , Steinhart Yael
Published: December 2017

Crowdfunding campaigns, where entrepreneurs seek consumer funding to develop new products, foster dynamics that go beyond traditional seller–buyer transactions. This research studies how consumers increase their participation when they believe their contribution is pivotal to product creation. Utilizing controlled experiments we find that making-the-product-happen motivates participation above and beyond the desire to help the entrepreneurs. Moreover, we show how this motivation, which increases when an all-or-nothing campaign is drawing to a close and its financing target is within reach, is driven by future product availability. Furthermore, we identify conditions where making-it-happen dominates herding and an increase in the backing actions of others decreases one's willingness to back. Lastly, consistent with the notion that individual backers can determine campaign success, an analysis of over 200,000 Kickstarter projects shows that 33% of all successful campaigns hinge on the marginal support of no more than three average backers.
Female Sexual Dysfunction—Medical and Psychological Treatments, Committee 14
Authors: Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Althof Stanley , Simon James A. , Bradford Andrea , Bitzer Johannes , Carvalho Joana , Flynn Kathryn E. , Nappi Rossella E. , Reese Jennifer B. , Rezaee Roya L. , Schover Leslie , Shifrin Jan L.
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Since the millennium we have witnessed significant strides in the science and treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). This forward progress has included (i) the development of new theoretical models to describe healthy and dysfunctional sexual responses in women; (ii) alternative classification strategies of female sexual disorders; (iii) major advances in brain, hormonal, psychological, and interpersonal research focusing on etiologic factors and treatment approaches; (iv) strong and effective public advocacy for FSD; and (v) greater educational awareness of the impact of FSD on the woman and her partner.

Aims

To review the literature and describe the best practices for assessing and treating women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, and female orgasmic disorders.

Methods

The committee undertook a comprehensive review of the literature and discussion among themselves to determine the best assessment and treatment methods.

Results

Using a biopsychosocial lens, the committee presents recommendations (with levels of evidence) for assessment and treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, and female orgasmic disorders.

Conclusion

The numerous significant strides in FSD that have occurred since the previous International Consultation of Sexual Medicine publications are reviewed in this article. Although evidence supports an integrated biopsychosocial approach to assessment and treatment of these disorders, the biological and psychological factors are artificially separated for review purposes. We recognize that best outcomes are achieved when all relevant factors are identified and addressed by the clinician and patient working together in concert (the sum is greater than the whole of its parts).
Does Calculated Free Testosterone Overcome Total Testosterone in Protecting From Sexual Symptom Impairment? Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Cazzaniga Walter , Pederzoli Filippo , Moretti Donatella , Dehò Federico , Montanari Emanuele , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: December 2017

Background

Although erectile dysfunction (ED) has been associated with low circulating total testosterone (TT) levels, the utility of free testosterone (FT) over TT is debatable.

Aim

To assess the relative impact of low TT and low calculated FT (cFT) on androgen-related sexual symptoms in men with ED.

Methods

Data from 485 men were analyzed. Comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Beck Inventory for Depression (BDI). Descriptive statistics tested differences between patients with normal TT levels (>3 ng/mL) and normal cFT levels (>65 pg/mL; group 1) and men with normal TT and low cFT (group 2), low TT and normal cFT (group 3), and low TT and low cFT (group 4). Linear regression models tested the association between clinical predictors and sexual function impairment.

Outcomes

We assessed the impact of different hormonal categories on androgen-related symptoms and the clinical utility of measuring cFT in men with ED.

Results

Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were composed of 338 (69.6%), 44 (9.1%), 34 (7.0%), and 69 (14.3%) patients, respectively. Compared with group 1, patients in group 2 were older (P < .001), had a higher body mass index (P < .01), and had a larger proportion with CCI scores of at least 1 (P = .006). Likewise, group 2 presented lower scores for the IIEF erectile function (P = .07), sexual desire (P = .04), and orgasmic function (P = .007) domains and lower BDI scores (P = .02) than group 1. Similar findings were found for group 4 vs 1. Conversely, patients in group 3 had similar scores on the questionnaires to those in group 1. Low cFT and normal or low TT achieved independent predictor status for pathologic IIEF domains and BDI scores after accounting for age, CCI, and body mass index. Conversely, low TT and normal cFT status was not associated with pathologic scores on the questionnaires.

Clinical Implications

The inclusion of cFT in the first-line assessment of hypogonadal symptoms in men with ED has major clinical utility.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the first study evaluating the concomitant impact of TT and cFT on men with ED using well-validated instruments to assess patients’ sexuality and depressive symptoms. Limitations are the retrospective nature of the study and lack of physical function data and bone ultrasound measurements.

Conclusions

Although normal cFT was not associated with signs and symptoms suggestive of testosterone deficiency, even when concomitant with low TT or low cFT irrespective of TT values, it was indicative of poorer clinical profiles and impaired sexual and depressive parameters compared with normal TT and normal cFT in a cohort of patients with ED.
GENTIANA ARUNII SP. NOV.: TINY REMARKABLE GENTIANA FROM SIKKIM HIMALAYA
Authors: Maity D. , Dey S. K. , Ghosh J. , Midday M.
Published: December 2017

A new species, Gentiana arunii D.Maity, S.K.Dey, J.Ghosh & Midday, from alpine pasture in Sikkim Himalaya is described and illustrated, and placed in Gentiana section Chondrophyllae Bunge. The new species is compared morphologically with two related taxa, Gentiana glabriuscula T.N.Ho and Gentiana pluviarum W.W.Sm. subsp. subtilis (Harry Sm.) T.N.Ho.
Type 1 diabetes genome‐wide association studies: not to be lost in translation
Authors: Pociot Flemming
Published: December 2017

Genetic studies have identified >60 loci associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D). The vast majority of these are identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using large case–control cohorts of European ancestry. More than 80% of the heritability of T1D can be explained by GWAS data in this population group. However, with few exceptions, their individual contribution to T1D risk is low and understanding their function in disease biology remains a huge challenge. GWAS on its own does not inform us in detail on disease mechanisms, but the combination of GWAS data with other omics‐data is beginning to advance our understanding of T1D etiology and pathogenesis. Current knowledge supports the notion that genetic variation in both pancreatic β cells and in immune cells is central in mediating T1D risk. Advances, perspectives and limitations of GWAS are discussed in this review.
Increased striatal activity in adolescence benefits learning
Authors: Peters S. , Crone E. A.
Published: December 2017

Adolescence is associated with enhanced striatal activity in response to rewards. This has been linked to increased risk-taking behavior and negative health outcomes. However, striatal activity is also important for learning, yet it is unknown whether heightened striatal responses in adolescence also benefit cognitive learning performance. In this longitudinal fMRI study (736 scans spanning 5 years in participants ages 8–29), we investigate whether adolescents show enhanced striatal activity during feedback learning, and whether this enhanced activity is associated with better learning performance. Here we report that neural activity indicating sensitivity to informative value of feedback peaks in late adolescence and occurs in dorsal caudate, ventral caudate, and nucleus accumbens. Increased activity in dorsal and ventral caudate predicts better current and future learning performance. This suggests that enhanced striatal activity in adolescents is adaptive for learning and may point to adolescence as a unique life phase for increased feedback-learning performance.
Long non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 promotes development of hepatic cellular carcinoma by interacting with ERRα and predicts poor prognosis
Authors: Yu Guifang , Lin Jieheng , Liu Chengcheng , Hou Kailian , Liang Min , Shi Boyun
Published: December 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become one of the most common leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study investigates the role of lncRNA, SPRY4-IT1 in the development of HCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed and the results showed that SPRY4-IT1 expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and high expression of SPRY4-IT1 was associated with poor 5-year overall survival in the HCC patient cohort. Clinicopathological analysis showed that the expression of SPRY4-IT1 was significantly correlated with TNM stage in HCC patients. In vitro CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, cell invasion and migration assays demonstrated that knock-down of SPRY4-IT1 suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration in HCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that knock-down of SPRY4-IT1 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, knock-down of SPRY4-IT1 also suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). Similarly, knock-down of ERRα inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration in HCC cells. More importantly, ERRα overexpression antagonized the effects of SPRY4-IT1 knock-down on cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion and migration in HCC cells. Taken together, our data highlights the pivotal role of SPRY4-IT1 in the tumorigenesis of HCC.
β-Sheet Structure within the Extracellular Domain of C99 Regulates Amyloidogenic Processing
Authors: Hu Yi , Kienlen-Campard Pascal , Tang Tzu-Chun , Perrin Florian , Opsomer Rémi , Decock Marie , Pan Xiaoshu , Octave Jean-Noel , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Smith Steven O.
Published: December 2017

Familial mutations in C99 can increase the total level of the soluble Aβ peptides produced by proteolysis, as well as the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, both of which are linked to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We show that the extracellular sequence of C99 forms β-sheet structure upon interaction with membrane bilayers. Mutations that disrupt this structure result in a significant increase in Aβ production and, in specific cases, result in an increase in the amount of Aβ42 relative to Aβ40. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopic studies reveal a central β-hairpin within the extracellular sequence comprising Y10-E11-V12 and L17-V18-F19 connected by a loop involving H13-H14-Q15. These results suggest how familial mutations in the extracellular sequence influence C99 processing and provide a structural basis for the development of small molecule modulators that would reduce Aβ production.
Sex-related pharmacokinetic differences and mechanisms of metapristone (RU486 metabolite)
Authors: Chen Wenge , Xiao Yingying , Chen Jianzhong , Liu Jian , Shao Jingwei , Li Tao , Zhu Yewei , Ma Ji , Gao Yu , Wang Jichuang , Xu Jianguo , Lu Yusheng , Jia Lee
Published: December 2017

Metapristone is the primary metabolite of the abortifacient mifepristone (RU486), and is being developed as a safe and effective cancer metastatic chemopreventive agent for both sexes. Here, we systematically investigated the sex-related pharmacokinetics of metapristone in both rats and dogs, and explored the related mechanisms of actions. Administration of metapristone to rats and dogs showed that plasma concentrations of metapristone (AUC, C
max
) were significantly higher in female dogs and rats than in males. The sex-related differences in pharmacokinetics become more significant after ten consecutive days of oral administration. Female liver microsomes metabolized metapristone significantly slower than the male ones. The results from P450 reaction phenotyping using recombinant cDNA-expressed human CYPs in conjunction with specific CYP inhibitors suggested that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 are the predominant CYPs involved in the metapristone metabolism, which were further confirmed by the enhanced protein levels of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 induced by 1-week oral administration of metapristone to rats. The highest tissue concentration of metapristone was found in the liver. The study demonstrates, for the first time, the sex-related pharmacokinetics of metapristone, and reveals that activities of liver microsomal CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 as well as the renal clearance are primarily responsible for the sex-related pharmacokinetics.
Photonic time crystals
Authors: Zeng Lunwu , Xu Jin , Wang Chengen , Zhang Jianhua , Zhao Yuting , Zeng Jing , Song Runxia
Published: December 2017

When space (time) translation symmetry is spontaneously broken, the space crystal (time crystal) forms; when permittivity and permeability periodically vary with space (time), the photonic crystal (photonic time crystal) forms. We proposed the concept of photonic time crystal and rewritten the Maxwell’s equations. Utilizing Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, we simulated electromagnetic wave propagation in photonic time crystal and photonic space-time crystal, the simulation results show that more intensive scatter fields can obtained in photonic time crystal and photonic space-time crystal.
Electrically Tunable Fano Resonance from the Coupling between Interband Transition in Monolayer Graphene and Magnetic Dipole in Metamaterials
Authors: Liu Bo , Tang Chaojun , Chen Jing , Zhu Mingwei , Pei Mingxu , Zhu Xiaoqin
Published: December 2017

Fano resonance modulated effectively by external perturbations can find more flexible and important applications in practice. We theoretically study electrically tunable Fano resonance with asymmetric line shape over an extremely narrow frequency range in the reflection spectra of metamaterials. The metamaterials are composed of a metal nanodisk array on graphene, a dielectric spacer, and a metal substrate. The near-field plasmon hybridization between individual metal nanodisks and the metal substrate results into the excitation of a broad magnetic dipole. There exists a narrow interband transition dependent of Fermi energy E
f
, which manifests itself as a sharp spectral feature in the effective permittivity ε
g
of graphene. The coupling of the narrow interband transition to the broad magnetic dipole leads to the appearance of Fano resonance, which can be electrically tuned by applying a bias voltage to graphene to change E
f
. The Fano resonance will shift obviously and its asymmetric line shape will become more pronounced, when E
f
is changed for the narrow interband transition to progressively approach the broad magnetic dipole.
Reduced vertical displacement of the center of mass is not accompanied by reduced oxygen uptake during walking
Authors: Wurdeman S. R. , Raffalt P. C. , Stergiou N.
Published: December 2017

The six determinants of gait proposed that the goal of gait is to minimize vertical displacement of the body’s center of mass (CoM) with the objective to optimize energy expenditure. On the contrary, recent investigations suggest that reduced vertical displacement leads to an increase in energy expenditure. However, these investigations had the included subjects deliberately changing their gait, which could bias the endpoint measures. The present study investigated the effect of reduced vertical displacement of the CoM on oxygen uptake and walking economy without imposing altered gait patterns. This was accomplished by having subjects walk on a curved treadmill and on a flat treadmill. Vertical displacement of the CoM (sacrum marker displacement), oxygen uptake, walking economy, stride characteristics and lower limb joint angles were measured. There were significant differences in stride characteristics and phase dependent differences in lower limb movement pattern between the two conditions which in size were comparable to the changes observed between different speeds. The vertical displacement of the CoM was significantly reduced on the curved treadmill. This was accompanied by an increase in oxygen uptake and walking economy. These results support recent assertions that the six determinants of gait do not serve to improve walking economy.
High Dose Parenteral Ascorbate Inhibited Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Mechanisms and a Phase I/IIa study
Authors: Polireddy Kishore , Dong Ruochen , Reed Gregory , Yu Jun , Chen Ping , Williamson Stephen , Violet Pierre-Christian , Pessetto Ziyan , Godwin Andrew K. , Fan Fang , Levine Mark , Drisko Jeanne A. , Chen Qi
Published: December 2017

Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal cancers with poorly tolerated treatments. There is increasing interest in using high-dose intravenous ascorbate (IVC) in treating this disease partially because of its low toxicity. IVC bypasses bioavailability barriers of oral ingestion, provides pharmacological concentrations in tissues, and exhibits selective cytotoxic effects in cancer cells through peroxide formation. Here, we further revealed its anti-pancreatic cancer mechanisms and conducted a phase I/IIa study to investigate pharmacokinetic interaction between IVC and gemcitabine. Pharmacological ascorbate induced cell death in pancreatic cancer cells with diverse mutational backgrounds. Pharmacological ascorbate depleted cellular NAD+ preferentially in cancer cells versus normal cells, leading to depletion of ATP and robustly increased α-tubulin acetylation in cancer cells. While ATP depletion led to cell death, over-acetylated tubulin led to inhibition of motility and mitosis. Collagen was increased, and cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was inhibited, accompanied with inhibition in metastasis. IVC was safe in patients and showed the possibility to prolong patient survival. There was no interference to gemcitabine pharmacokinetics by IVC administration. Taken together, these data revealed a multi-targeting mechanism of pharmacological ascorbate’s anti-cancer action, with minimal toxicity, and provided guidance to design larger definitive trials testing efficacy of IVC in treating advanced pancreatic cancer.
Advances in the synthesis of nitroxide radicals for use in biomolecule spin labelling
Authors: Haugland Marius M. , Lovett Janet E. , Anderson Edward A.
Published: December 2017

The structures and properties of nitroxide radicals can be readily tailored for use as spin labels in biomolecular EPR spectroscopy.
Chiral amine-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes to α-phenylselenoenones as formal Z-allylating agents
Authors: Kano Taichi , Maruyama Hiroki , Homma Chihiro , Maruoka Keiji
Published: December 2017

α-Selenoenones could be employed as Z-allyl precursors in the chiral amine-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of aldehydes.
Dynamical properties of EMIM-SCN confined in a SiO2 matrix by means of 1H NMR relaxometry
Authors: Kruk Danuta , Wojciechowski Milosz , Verma Yogendra Lal , Chaurasia Sujeet Kumar , Singh Rajendra Kumar
Published: December 2017

NMR relaxometry gives deep insights into ionic dynamics in ionogels.
Real-time monitoring for reforming processes of liquid hydrocarbon fuel–air pre-mixtures by non-thermal plasmas using ion attachment mass spectrometry
Authors: Asakawa Daiki , Kuramochi Akira , Takahashi Eiichi , Saito Naoaki
Published: December 2017

Plasma induced reforming processes of fuel–air mixtures were investigated to understand the mechanism of the low temperature plasma-assisted combustion technique, which can improve the thermal efficiency and stability of internal combustion engines.
The coordination- and photochemistry of copper(i) complexes: variation of N^N ligands from imidazole to tetrazole
Authors: Bergmann Larissa , Braun Carolin , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan
Published: December 2017

Prediction rules for the coordination chemistry of copper(i) with neutral or deprotonated N^N ligands and different phosphines were derived and related to their photoluminescence.
A nickel(ii)–manganese(ii)-azido layered coordination polymer showing a three-dimensional ferrimagnetic order at 35 K
Authors: Ghosh Sagar , Roy Shuvayan , Liu Cai-Ming , Mohanta Sasankasekhar
Published: December 2017

The synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a two-dimensional nickel(ii)–manganese(ii)–azido system are described. It is an interesting molecular magnet because it exhibits long-range ferrimagnetic ordering at a Tc of 35 K and a hysteresis loop up to 20 K.
On-chip label-free protein analysis with downstream electrodes for direct removal of electrolysis products
Authors: Saar Kadi L. , Zhang Yingbo , Müller Thomas , Kumar Challa P. , Devenish Sean , Lynn Andrew , Łapińska Urszula , Yang Xiaoting , Linse Sara , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: December 2017

Single-layer lithography microfluidic devices for applying high and stable electric fields on chip.
Real-time two-photon lithography in controlled flow to create a single-microparticle array and particle-cluster array for optofluidic imaging
Authors: Xu Bing , Shi Yang , Lao Zhaoxin , Ni Jincheng , Li Guoqiang , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong , Sugioka Koji
Published: December 2017

We developed a novel method: real-time two-photon-lithography in controlled flow to achieve 100% one-bead-to-one-trap towards optofluidic imaging and biomedical applications.
Hollow prism NiCo2S4 linked with interconnected reduced graphene oxide as a high performance anode material for sodium and lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Li Zhaoqiang , Yin Longwei
Published: December 2017

The incorporation of RGO protected the fragile hollow structure of NiCo2S4 during cycling and improved the electrical conductivity of the composite.
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectroscopic and biological studies on sulfamethazine and sulfaquinoxaline ternary complexes with 2,2′-biquinoline
Authors: Villa-Pérez C. , Cadavid-Vargas J. F. , Di Virgilio A. L. , Echeverría G. A. , Camí G. E. , Soria D. B.
Published: December 2017

Three ternary complexes with sulfaquinoxaline or sulfamethazine have been synthesized and their structural, spectroscopic and biological properties have been studied.
Electric-field-induced nonlinear optical switches of all-metal spherical aromatic molecules with infrared transparency: a theoretical study
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Liu Yajin , Zhang Xin , Duan Qian , Jiang Dayong , Qin Jieming , Zhao Ruiqi
Published: December 2017

Two new all-metal spherical aromatic molecules Be6Li8 and Be6Li14 have been designed theoretically.
Synthesis of the natural product descurainolide and cyclic peptides from lignin-derived aromatics
Authors: Ojo O. Stephen , Nardone Brunello , Musolino Stefania F. , Neal Andrew R. , Wilson Liam , Lebl Tomas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Cordes David B. , Taylor James E. , Naismith James H. , Smith Andrew D. , Westwood Nicholas J.
Published: December 2017

Alternative sources of potential feedstock chemicals are of increasing importance as the availability of oil decreases.
2:1 Atrioventricular Conduction due to Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Rai Maneesh , Ghanta Soma
Published: December 2017

Long QT syndrome patients can present as second-degree AV block due to prolongation of refractory period. We report a case of pseudo 2:1 AV block due to long QT syndrome in which treatment differs from conventional second-degree AV block because of uncommon presentation and poor prognosis with no consensus.
Electrocardiographic Changes during Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Sumalatha Beeram , Jyotsna Maddury , Indrani Garre
Published: December 2017

Background Pregnancy is a physiologic condition which is unique in that it alters the physiology of each organ in the body. Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy are significant and start at 6 to 8 weeks of gestation. Physiologic cardiovascular changes during pregnancy suggest the chance of altered electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters during pregnancy. Study of variations in ECG in normal pregnant women serves as a basis to detect pathologic changes in pregnant women.

Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional data of case series of pregnant women across all stages of gestation who attended antenatal clinic of our teaching hospital, on Women's Day (March 8, 2017). A 12-lead ECG was recorded in all the participants in supine position. The parameters noted from the ECG include heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, corrected QT (QTc) interval, and ST-T changes.

Results Total 151 pregnant women were studied. The average age was 23.38 ± 3.49 years. With respect to gestational age, 12 (7.94%), 48 (31.78%), and 91 (60.26%) women were in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. With respect to parity, 60 (39.7%) were primigravidae and 91 (60.26%) were multigravidae. The mean ECG heart rate was increased (100.15 ± 12.48 beats/min). The mean systolic blood pressure (109.67 ± 9.34 mm Hg) and the mean diastolic blood pressure (71.32 ± 6.89 mm Hg) were decreased. The mean of ECG intervals and durations (PR, QRS, QTc) were in normal range (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.008, and 407.83 ± 11.98, respectively). There was no abnormal P-wave dispersion. Even though the QTc was in normal range in 63.56% of pregnant women, this parameter was in upper quadrant of the normal range. General linear regression demonstrated that systolic blood pressure and palpitations were the only variables to independently predict QTc in upper quadrant of normal range (p = 0.05, 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion The cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy is a well-established fact that is also seen in our study. There is shortening of PR interval and QRS duration. Even though QTc is with in normal range, in more than half (63.56%) of pregnant women, it is in the upper quadrant of the normal range.
The Role of Hair Transplantation for Managing Facial Trauma
Authors: Kuka Gorana , Epstein Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

Oftentimes, multiple treatment modalities are indicated for the management of trauma to the face. When this trauma involves a hair-bearing area, such as the eyebrow, eyelid, or beard region, hair transplantation can be an effective modality. While most of these facial hair transplants are performed for elective cosmetic indications, advanced techniques of hair transplantation can assure aesthetic outcomes in the optimizing of appearance after trauma. Because hair regrowth requires a good recipient bed, adjuvant therapies to promote vascularization, such as fat transfer and platelet-rich plasma, can be applied in conjunction with hair transplantation. The authors review the indications and the essential techniques of graft harvesting by follicular unit extraction and follicular unit grafting, and recipient site formation and graft planting and management, and present different case examples illustrating these technique.
Helicobacter pylori siedelt gerne auf Mandel-Gewebe
Authors: Lorenz Kai J.
Published: December 2017

Siupsinskiene N et al. Helicobacter pylori in the tonsillar tissue: a possible association with chronic tonsillitis and laryngopharyngeal reflux.
J Laryngol Otol 2017; 131: 549–55

Wie häufig finden sich Helicobacter pylori Infektionen in den Gaumenmandeln und welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen H. pylori, den
soziodemografischen Patientendaten und dem laryngopharyngealen Reflux?
Symmetrical electroadhesives independent of different interfacial surface conditions
Authors: Guo J. , Hovell T. , Bamber T. , Petzing J. , Justham L.
Published: December 2017

Current electroadhesive actuators cannot produce stable electroadhesive forces on the same substrate with different interfacial surface interactions. It is, therefore, desirable to develop electroadhesive actuators that can generate stable adhesive forces on different surface conditions. A symmetrical electroadhesive pad that is independent of different interfacial scratch directions is developed and presented. A relative difference of only 6.4% in the normal force direction was observed when the electroadhesive was facing an aluminium plate with surface scratch directions of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°. This step-change improvement may significantly promote the application of electroadhesion technology. In addition, this manifests that significant performance improvements could be achieved via further investigations into electroadhesive designs.
The modified scheme of optimized in simulations Cherenkov type high-power microwave oscillator without guiding magnetic field
Authors: Guo Li M. , Shu T. , Li Zhi Q. , Ju Jin C.
Published: December 2017

The compactness and miniaturization of high-power-microwave (HPM) systems are drawing more and more attention. Based on this demand, HPM generators without a guiding magnetic field are being developed. This paper presents an X-band Cherenkov type HPM oscillator without the guiding magnetic field. By particle-in-cell codes, this oscillator achieves an efficiency of 40% in simulation. When the diode voltage and current are 620 kV and 9.0 kA, respectively, a TEM mode microwave is generated with a power of 2.2 GW and a frequency of 9.1 GHz. In this oscillator, electrons are modulated in both longitudinal and radial directions, and the radial modulation has a significant effect on the energy conversion efficiency. As analyzed in this paper, the different radial modulation effects depend on the phase matching differences of the microwave and electrons. The modified scheme of simulations achieves a structure with an efficient longitudinal beam-wave interaction and optimized radial modulation.
Mitigating acoustic heterogeneous effects in microwave-induced breast thermoacoustic tomography using multi-physical K-means clustering
Authors: Wang Bingwen , Zhao Zhiqin , Liu Shuangli , Nie Zaiping , Liu Qinghuo
Published: December 2017

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography shows great potential for early-stage breast tumor detection, but imaging quality usually suffers due to acoustic heterogeneity of breast tissue. To mitigate this problem, conventional methods estimate the distribution of speeds of sound but at a heavy cost of system complexity or computation burden. We propose an imaging reconstruction method that incorporates dielectric and acoustic properties of tissues as a-priori information and reformulates the velocity estimation problem as a data clustering problem. The proposed method is validated by imaging anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms and real biological tissues. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and significantly improves image fidelity with less computational burden than conventional methods. These results make our approach a promising candidate for clinical breast cancer detection.
Performance of a circular cylinder piezoelectric wind energy harvester fitted with a splitter plate
Authors: Song Jie , Hu Gang , Tse K. T. , Li S. W. , Kwok K. C. S.
Published: December 2017

This study examines effects of the splitter plate placed in the near wake of a circular cylinder on the performance of a piezoelectric wind energy harvester through wind tunnel experiments. The kinetic energy of the harvester is gained by wind-induced vibrations of the circular cylinder. The splitter plate is attached to the leeward side of the cylinder. The ratio of the splitter plate length to the diameter of the circular cylinder (Lsp/D) ranges from 0.25 to 2.00. After attaching the splitter plate with an appropriate length, the harvester is able to sustain large amplitude vibrations beyond the wind speed range corresponding to vortex-induced vibrations. Thus, the upper bound of the wind speed range for the harvester to harness wind energy is eliminated, which significantly increases the efficiency of the harvester. Compared to the different lengths of the splitter plate, 0.65D has been found to be the optimal length for maximizing the harvested power.
A dumbbell-shaped hybrid magnetometer operating in DC-10 kHz
Authors: Shi Hongyu , Wang Yanzhang , Chen Siyu , Lin Jun
Published: December 2017

This study is motivated by the need to design a hybrid magnetometer operating in a wide-frequency band from DC to 10 kHz. To achieve this objective, a residence times difference fluxgate magnetometer (RTDFM) and an induction magnetometer (IM) have been integrated into a compact form. The hybrid magnetometer has a dumbbell-shaped structure in which the RTDFM transducer is partially inserted into the tube cores of the IM. Thus, the sensitivity of the RTDFM is significantly improved due to the flux amplification. The optimal structure, which has maximum sensitivity enhancement, was obtained through FEM analysis. To validate the theoretical analysis, the optimal hybrid magnetometer was manufactured, and its performance was evaluated. The device has a sensitivity of 45 mV/nT at 1 kHz in IM mode and 0.38 μs/nT in RTDFM mode, which is approximately 3.45 times as large as that of the single RTDFM structure. Furthermore, to obtain a lower noise performance in the entire frequency band, two operation modes switch at the cross frequency (0.16 Hz) of their noise levels. The noise level is 30 pT/√Hz in RTDFM mode and 0.07 pT/√Hz at 1 kHz in IM mode.
New window design conserves energy and increases ventilation
Authors: Tracy Samantha
Published: December 2017

Solar Ventilated Windows use a double-window system to promote energy efficiency and ensure proper indoor air quality.
Metabolic activity induces membrane phase separation in endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Shen Yihui , Zhao Zhilun , Zhang Luyuan , Shi Lingyan , Shahriar Sanjid , Chan Robin B. , Di Paolo Gilbert , Min Wei
Published: December 2017

Significance

Membranes can adopt distinct phases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest membrane system inside cells and also harbors the richest metabolic activity including lipid synthesis. Unlike plasma membrane where separated “lipid raft” domains have been predicted and observed, ER membrane is thought to be uniformly fluidic. However, such understanding is based on biophysical studies of model membrane under thermodynamic equilibrium. It remains unclear whether and how lipid synthesis activity perturbs the equilibrium and promotes phase segregation in ER membrane. Herein, we utilized coherent Raman imaging technique to track lipid synthesis and surprisingly revealed solid-like domains emerging from liquid ER membrane. Interestingly, this phenomenon can be tuned by the incoming nutrient source, demonstrating the susceptibility of ER membrane to nonequilibrium modulation.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on anxiety-like behavior in socially isolated rats
Authors: Oshima Yasuyo , Watanabe Tasuku , Endo Shun , Hata Shuichi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Osada Kyoichi , Takenaka Asako
Published: December 2017

The effects of fish oil for improving mental health have been reported. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on anxiety-like behavior using a rat model. Experimental diets enriched in EPA or DHA as glycerides were prepared. Rats were exposed to social isolation stress and fed the experimental diet for 14 days. The results of behavioral tests revealed that rats fed the EPA-enriched diet exhibited less anxiety-like behavior than rats fed the control or DHA-enriched diets. Furthermore, EPA suppressed anxiety-like behavior only in socially isolated rats. The increase in EPA contents in the brain phospholipid fraction by feeding EPA-enriched diet was more significant than that of DHA by feeding DHA-enriched diet. These results suggest that dietary EPA is more anxiolytic than DHA in rats exposed to social isolation stress and is effective in increasing EPA content in brain membranes.
Bicycle: a bioinformatics pipeline to analyze bisulfite sequencing data
Authors: Graña Osvaldo , López-Fernández Hugo , Fdez-Riverola Florentino , González Pisano David , Glez-Peña Daniel
Published: December 2017

High-throughput sequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA is a technique used to measure DNA methylation levels. Although a considerable number of computational pipelines have been developed to analyze such data, none of them tackles all the peculiarities of the analysis together, revealing limitations that can force the user to manually perform additional steps needed for a complete processing of the data. This article presents bicycle, an integrated, flexible analysis pipeline for bisulfite sequencing data. Bicycle analyzes whole genome bisulfite sequencing data, targeted bisulfite sequencing data and hydroxymethylation data. To show how bicycle overtakes other available pipelines, we compared them on a defined number of features that are summarized in a table. We also tested bicycle with both simulated and real datasets, to show its level of performance, and compared it to different state-of-the-art methylation analysis pipelines.

Availability and implementation

Bicycle is publicly available under GNU LGPL v3.0 license at http://www.sing-group.org/bicycle. Users can also download a customized Ubuntu LiveCD including bicycle and other bisulfite sequencing data pipelines compared here. In addition, a docker image with bicycle and its dependencies, which allows a straightforward use of bicycle in any platform (e.g. Linux, OS X or Windows), is also available.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effect of Body Mass on Oxygenation and Intra-Abdominal Pressure When Using a Jackson Surgical Table in the Prone Position During Lumbar Surgery
Authors: Ni Liya , Fan Yuhua , Bian Jinjun , Deng Xiaoming , Ma Yu
Published: December 2017

Study Design.

Prospective observational study.

Objective.

To test the hypothesis that different types of surgical frame and the patient's body mass index (BMI) can affect pulmonary compliance, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), and oxygenation.

Summary of Background Data.

The oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) and IAP are known to be associated with BMI when patients are in the supine position. However, there are few reports on the correlation between BMI, the oxygenation index, and IAP in the prone position, especially when a Jackson surgical table is used.

Methods.

Thirty-seven adult patients were divided into two groups according to BMI: normal-weight patients (n = 19, BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg m−2) and overweight patients (n = 18, BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2). After the induction of general anesthesia, patients were turned to the prone position onto either a Jackson surgical table (Mizuho OSI) or a general surgical table (MAQUET; foam pad, China). The patient's IAP, peak airway pressure, pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and oxygenation index were recorded.

Results.

In overweight patients, there was a greater increase in peak airway pressure and a greater decrease in Cdyn observed when a general surgical table was used compared with the Jackson surgical table. When the Jackson surgical table was used, there was a greater increase in the oxygenation index and a greater decrease in IAP. There was a significant negative correlation between the oxygenation index and BMI and a significant positive correlation between IAP and BMI in the prone position.

Conclusion.

Turning patients from the supine to the prone position during anesthesia results in an increase in the oxygenation index and a decrease in IAP. Both of these factors are dependent upon the type of surgical frame used and the patient's BMI. The reduction in IAP was particularly significant when a Jackson surgical table was used for overweight patients.

Level of Evidence: 4
Therapy-related Acute Myeloid Leukemia After the Treatment of Primary Solid Cancer in Children: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Hong Kyung Taek , Choi Jung Yoon , Hong Che Ry , Kang Hyoung Jin , Park Kyung Duk , Shin Hee Young
Published: December 2017

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) has a dismal prognosis and is one of the most frequent second malignant neoplasms which could be encountered by pediatric oncologists. Between October 2000 and September 2016, 16 patients who had primary solid tumors were diagnosed with t-AML at the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. The median patient age at the time of diagnosis of their primary solid tumors was 9.6 years (range, 0.1 to 15.4 y), and that of t-AML was 14.0 years (range, 4.7 to 23.9 y). The median latency period from the end of the primary tumor treatment to the initial diagnosis of t-AML was 29 months (range, 6 to 130 mo). Twelve patients achieved complete remission. Of them, only 7 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates and event-free survival rates were 33.7±12.2% and 26.9±11.5% respectively. The patients who underwent HSCT showed favorable 5-year OS rates (57.1±18.7%), whereas the 5-year OS rates of those who did not undergo HSCT was 0%. This study demonstrates that an achievement of complete remission and a subsequent HSCT can be the optimal solution for the treatment of t-AML, and this strategy showed acceptable outcomes.
Alder-Reilly Anomaly in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Child With Hurler Syndrome
Authors: Lukefahr Ashley L. , Proytcheva Maria
Published: December 2017

Hurler syndrome is an autosomal recessive mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycan fragments, with cellular accumulation of distended lysosomes resulting in interference with normal cell function. One of the peripheral blood features of mucopolysaccharidoses is the presence of numerous, dark lilac granules within lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, also known at Alder-Reilly anomaly. Here we describe intracytoplasmic granules with haloes in mononuclear cells present in the cerebrospinal fluid of a 2-year-old boy with the diagnosis of Hurler syndrome, undergoing pretransplant evaluation for an unrelated donor cord blood stem cell transplant.
Glucose Homeostasis and Effect of Chelation on β Cell Function in Children With β-Thalassemia Major
Authors: Gomber Sunil , Dabas Aashima , Bagmar Shilpa , Madhu Sri Venkata
Published: December 2017

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in β-thalassemia major and correlate it with chelation therapy.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-seven subjects with β-thalassemia major, aged 1 to 20 years, were enrolled in our prospective cohort. Clinical details were recorded. Baseline oral glucose tolerance test, serum insulin, C peptide, and insulin resistance were measured. The biochemical profile was repeated after 6 months.

Results:

The mean age of subjects was 7.43±4.48 years. Eight (11.9%) subjects had impaired fasting glucose, 7 (10.4%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and 1 (1.4%) subject had diabetes at baseline. Subjects with abnormal glucose profile had longer disease duration (95% confidence interval [CI] of difference=−6.64 to −0.68; P=0.019) and higher fasting blood glucose (95% CI of difference=−32.1 to −10.5; P=0.001) and serum ferritin (95% CI of difference=−219.8 to −3.4; P=0.001) than normoglycemic subjects. Insulin resistance and serum ferritin showed significant increase at 6 months (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Patients on deferiprone alone significantly improved glucose homeostasis on follow-up than those on desferrioxamine or combination therapy of desferrioxamine and deferiprone (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Prolonged disease duration and higher serum ferritin adversely affects glucose homeostasis in thalassemic children. Deferiprone was the most effective chelator to improve glucose homeostasis in chronically transfused thalassemics.
Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai Dorfman Disease): Diagnostic and Treatment Modalities for this Rare Entity Revisited
Authors: Averitt Andrew W. , Heym Kenneth , Akers Lauren , Castro-Silva Fernando , Ray Anish
Published: December 2017

Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare non-Langerhans’ cell histiocytic disease resulting from the proliferation and accumulation of sinus histiocytes within lymph nodes. Extranodal involvement frequently occurs, which increases the morbidity and mortality of the disease. There is no clear consensus with regard to the most effective diagnostic and treatment modalities. This report will focus on the diagnostic imaging, treatment, and outcomes for 3 cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Imaging has typically utilized computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging to detect extranodal involvement. However, the addition of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT scans has shown value in identifying lesions unidentified or ambiguous on other modalities. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT detected disease involvement in 2 instances either not reported or not felt to be significant on correlative CT imaging. Areas of involvement included the stomach/liver in case 1, and the paranasal sinus in case 3. In addition, previously utilized chemotherapy regimens have not consistently displayed regression of the disease, which lends credence to the pursuit of more successful treatment. Notably, Clofarabine has shown promise in its use against histiocytic disorders. Our study concluded that Clofarabine demonstrates the ability to decrease lesion size and should be considered as an effective chemotherapeutic treatment method.
Operationalizing a Nursing Innovation Center Within a Health Care System
Authors: Albert Nancy M.
Published: December 2017

In nursing, the terms “innovation” and “innovative” are used freely, especially when individuals or groups either develop something new or improve upon current practice. Innovation is often considered adjunct work, not part of foundational work that aims to meet the vision, mission, and values of the organization. Nurse leaders must include innovation as an important theme of this foundational work. Innovation must become a core expectation of all nurses and nursing team members. Team members can provide ideas that lead to innovations. They can also carry out roles that enhance or cultivate ideas, promote prototyping, ensure innovative ideas are efficacious and effective, and facilitate dissemination and diffusion into practice. To ensure that innovation is incorporated as part of nursing practice and then sustained over time, horizontal (elemental) and vertical (global) infrastructure and processes are needed. In this article, operationalization of a Nursing Innovation Center is described and rationale for specific horizontal and vertical services and features is discussed.