bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Toxicological Study of Insulin Overdose in Rats: A Forensic Perspective
Authors: Bian Cunhao , He Xin , Wang Qi , Zheng Zhe , Zhang Yongtai , Xiong Hongli , Li Yongguo , Zhao Mingzhu , Li Jianbo
Published: December 2023

Due to nonspecific pathological changes and the rapid degradation of insulin in postmortem blood samples, the identification of the cause of death during insulin overdose has always been a difficulty in forensic medicine. At present, there is a lack of studies on the toxicological changes and related mechanisms of an insulin overdose, and the specific molecular markers of insulin overdose are still unclear. In this study, an animal model of insulin overdose was established, and 24 SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, insulin overdose group, and a recovery group (n = 8). We detected the biochemical changes and analyzed the toxicological mechanism of an insulin overdose. The results showed that after insulin overdose, the rats developed irregular convulsions, Eclampsia, Opisthotonos, and other symptoms. The levels of glucose, glycogen, and C-peptide in the body decreased significantly, while the levels of lactate, insulin, and glucagon increased significantly. The decrease in plasma K+ was accompanied by the increase in skeletal muscle K+. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was significantly activated in skeletal muscle, and the translocation of GLUT4/Na+-K+-ATPase to sarcolemma was significantly increased. Rare glycogenic hepatopathy occurred in the recovery group after insulin overdose. Our study showed that insulin overdose also plays a role in skeletal muscle cells, mainly through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, the detection of signaling pathway proteins of the skeletal muscle cell membrane GLUT4 and Na+-K+-ATPase has a certain auxiliary diagnostic value for forensic insulin overdose identification. Glycogen detection in the liver and skeletal muscle is important for the diagnosis of insulin overdose, but it still needs to be differentiated from other causes of death. Skeletal muscle has great potential for insulin detection, and the ratio of insulin to the C-peptide (I:C) can determine whether an exogenous insulin overdose is present.
Spatial Distribution and Quality of Urban Public Spaces in the Attica Region (Greece) during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey-Based Analysis
Authors: Mela Athina , Tousi Evgenia , Melas Emmanouil , Varelidis George
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the spatial distribution and quality of urban public spaces in the Attica region during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather data on the availability, accessibility, and quality of open urban public spaces. The findings indicate that, although several respondents reported the presence of outdoor public spaces in their respective areas, these spaces often did not meet the desired quality standards. Notably, a clear preference was expressed for open public spaces located within a convenient walking distance, typically within a 15-min walk. Quality assessments varied across different sectors of Attica, with the central Athens and central Piraeus sectors receiving lower ratings in terms of availability, quality, and safety. Compared to the rest of Attica, the residential suburbs of Athens’s Northern Sector appear to have more accessible, safe, and well-maintained public areas. The research underscores the critical importance of quality public spaces, particularly during times of crisis. This study emphasizes the need for a re-evaluation of urban planning strategies to ensure that public spaces remain functional and accessible to citizens.
The Functional Roles of MDSCs in Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis
Authors: Len Jia , Koh Clara , Chan Kuan
Published: December 2023

Severe COVID-19 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among those with co-morbidities, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. However, the molecular determinants critical for severe COVID-19 progression remain to be fully elucidated. Meta-analyses of transcriptomic RNAseq and single-cell sequencing datasets comparing severe and mild COVID-19 patients have demonstrated that the early expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) could be a key feature of severe COVID-19 progression. Besides serving as potential early prognostic biomarkers for severe COVID-19 progression, several studies have also indicated the functional roles of MDSCs in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis and possibly even long COVID. Given the potential links between MDSCs and severe COVID-19, we examine the existing literature summarizing the characteristics of MDSCs, provide evidence of MDSCs in facilitating severe COVID-19 pathogenesis, and discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that can be explored to reduce the risk and burden of severe COVID-19. We also provide a web app where users can visualize the temporal changes in specific genes or MDSC-related gene sets during severe COVID-19 progression and disease resolution, based on our previous study.
A Pocket Guide to CCR5—Neurotropic Flavivirus Edition
Authors: Garg Amit , Lim Jean K.
Published: December 2023

CCR5 is among the most studied chemokine receptors due to its profound significance in human health and disease. The notion that CCR5 is a functionally redundant receptor was challenged through the demonstration of its unique protective role in the context of West Nile virus in both mice and humans. In the nearly two decades since this initial discovery, numerous studies have investigated the role of CCR5 in the context of other medically important neurotropic flaviviruses, most of which appear to support a broad neuroprotective role for this receptor, although how CCR5 exerts its protective effect has been remarkably varied. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which CCR5 controls neurotropic flaviviruses, as well as results from human studies evaluating a genetic link to CCR5, and propose unexplored areas of research that are needed to unveil even more exciting roles for this important receptor.
YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023)
Authors: Garcia-Oliveira Gabriela , Guimarães Anna , Moreira Gabriel , Costa Thais , Arruda Matheus , de Mello Érica , Silva Marlise , de Almeida Munique , Hanley Kathryn , Vasilakis Nikos , Drumond Betânia
Published: December 2023

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of yellow fever (YF), which affects both humans and non-human primates (NHP). Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017–2018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epizootics cases, mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study aimed to investigate whether YFV circulation persisted in NHP after the human outbreak had subsided. To this end, NHP carcass samples collected in Minas Gerais from 2021 to 2023 were screened for YFV. RNA was extracted from tissue fragments and used in RT-qPCR targeting the YFV 5’UTR. Liver and lung samples from 166 animals were tested, and the detection of the β-actin mRNA was used to ensure adequacy of RNA isolation. YFV RNA was detected in the liver of 18 NHP carcasses collected mainly from urban areas in 2021 and 2022. YFV positive NHP were mostly represented by Callithrix, from 5 out of the 12 grouped municipalities (mesoregions) in Minas Gerais state. These findings reveal the continued YFV circulation in NHP in urban areas of Minas Gerais during 2021 and 2022, with the attendant risk of re-establishing the urban YFV cycle.
The Long-Jumping of African Swine Fever: First Genotype II Notified in Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Dei Giudici Silvia , Loi Federica , Ghisu Sonia , Angioi Pier Paolo , Zinellu Susanna , Fiori Mariangela Stefania , Carusillo Francesca , Brundu Diego , Franzoni Giulia , Zidda Giovanni Maria , Tolu Paolo , Bandino Ennio , Cappai Stefano , Oggiano Annalisa
Published: December 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boar that is spreading quickly around the world and causing huge economic losses. Although the development of effective vaccines is currently being attempted by several labs, the absence of globally recognized licensed vaccines makes disease prevention and early detection even more crucial. ASF has spread across many countries in Europe and about two years ago affected the Italian susceptible population. In Italy, the first case of ASF genotype II in wild boar dates back to January 2022, while the first outbreak in a domestic pig farm was notified in August 2023. Currently, four clusters of infection are still ongoing in northern (Piedmont-Liguria and Lombardy), central (Lazio), and southern Italy (Calabria and Campania). In early September 2023, the first case of ASFV genotype II was detected in a domestic pig farm in Sardinia, historically affected by genotype I and in the final stage of eradication. Genomic characterization of p72, p54, and I73R/I329L genome regions revealed 100% similarity to those obtained from isolates that have been circulating in mainland Italy since January 2022 and also with international strains. The outbreak was detected and confirmed due to the passive surveillance plan on domestic pig farms put in place to provide evidence on genotype I’s absence. Epidemiological investigations suggest 24 August as the most probable time of ASFV genotype II’s arrival in Sardinia, likely due to human activities.
Metabolic Enzymes in Viral Infection and Host Innate Immunity
Authors: Qin Chao , Xie Taolin , Yeh Wayne Wei , Savas Ali Can , Feng Pinghui
Published: December 2023

Metabolic enzymes are central players for cell metabolism and cell proliferation. These enzymes perform distinct functions in various cellular processes, such as cell metabolism and immune defense. Because viral infections inevitably trigger host immune activation, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to blunt or exploit the host immune response to enable viral replication. Meanwhile, viruses hijack key cellular metabolic enzymes to reprogram metabolism, which generates the necessary biomolecules for viral replication. An emerging theme arising from the metabolic studies of viral infection is that metabolic enzymes are key players of immune response and, conversely, immune components regulate cellular metabolism, revealing unexpected communication between these two fundamental processes that are otherwise disjointed. This review aims to summarize our present comprehension of the involvement of metabolic enzymes in viral infections and host immunity and to provide insights for potential antiviral therapy targeting metabolic enzymes.
Rational Design and Characterization of Trispecific Antibodies Targeting the HIV-1 Receptor and Envelope Glycoprotein
Authors: Liang Jinhu , Zhai Linlin , Liang Zuxin , Chen Xiaoling , Jiang Yushan , Lin Yuanlong , Feng Shiyan , Liu Yingxia , Zhao Wei , Wang Fuxiang
Published: December 2023

Multitudinous broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 have been developed as novel antiviral prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Combinations of bNAbs are generally even more effective than when they are applied individually, showing excellent neutralization coverage and limiting the emergence of escape mutants. In this study, we investigated the design and characterization of three trispecific antibodies that allow a single molecule to interact with independent HIV-1 envelope determinants—(1) the host receptor CD4, (2) the host co-receptor CCR5 and (3) distinct domains in the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1—using an ELISA, an HIV-1 pseudovirus neutralization assay and in vivo antiviral experiments in humanized mice. We found that trispecific bNAbs and monovalent ones all had satisfactory binding activities against the corresponding antigens in the ELISA, exhibited higher potency and breadth than any previously described single bnAb in the HIV-1 pseudovirus neutralization assay and showed an excellent antiviral effect in vivo. The trispecific antibodies simultaneously recognize the host receptor CD4, host co-receptor CCR5 and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, which could mean they have promise as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against HIV-1.
COVID-19 Vaccine for Children: Determinants and Beliefs Contributing to Vaccination Decision of Parents in Germany 2021/2022
Authors: Purrmann Laura , Speichert Leoni-Johanna , Bäuerle Alexander , Teufel Martin , Krakowczyk Julia Barbara , Beckord Jil , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Skoda Eva-Maria , Dinse Hannah
Published: December 2023

To reduce the number of COVID-19 cases, vaccines were rapidly made available worldwide. For a strategically targeted response to the COVID-19 pandemic, population vaccination coverage was to be maximized. The target groups also included healthy children. In this context, it is important to understand the determinants and beliefs that lead parents to favor or oppose COVID-19 immunization in children. This study aimed to investigate parents’ COVID-19 vaccination willingness in Germany for children aged 5–11 years in 2021/2022. For this purpose, the determinants and beliefs behind parents’ vaccination decisions were examined. Descriptive analysis and bivariate correlations were performed on COVID-19 vaccination willingness and parents’ mental health status, general vaccination attitudes, and SARS-CoV-2 politics perceptions. In total, 2401 participants fully participated in this cross-sectional study. The COVID-19 vaccination uptake (71.4%) outweighed the vaccination refusal (19.4%). Correlations revealed higher vaccine acceptance in parents presenting full vaccination certificates (90.9%), COVID-19 immunizations (99.9%), or increased COVID-19 fear (93.6%). Vaccination-refusal was associated with higher perceived pressure by COVID-19 vaccination campaigns (87.7%), higher experienced restrictions due to COVID-19 protective measures in parents’ social environment (83.6%), and engagement against COVID-19 protective measures (51.6%). Besides general anxiety, no significant correlations were observed between parents’ mental health variables and vaccination willingness. Although several factors are ultimately associated with vaccination willingness, future vaccination campaigns should prioritize reducing pressure, increasing trust, and considering parents’ differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar pathogens during their vaccination decision-making process.
Characterizing and Eliminating the Inbreeding Load
Authors: Nagy István , Nguyen Thi Anh
Published: December 2023

The authors evaluated the relevant literature related to purging, which is the interaction between selection and inbreeding in which the population may eliminate its inbreeding load at least partially. According to the relevant literature, the inbreeding load and the process of purging were evaluated via pedigree methods based on ancestral inbreeding, the inbreeding–purging model, and expressed opportunity of purging, along with genomic methods. Most ancestral inbreeding-related studies were performed in zoos, where only a small proportion of the studied populations show signs of purging. The inbreeding–purging model was developed with Drosophila, and it was used to evaluate different zoo ungulates and Pannon white rabbits. Purging was detected in both studies. The expressed opportunity of purging was applied in Jersey cattle and Pannon white rabbits. In the Jersey cattle, it had an effect of 12.6% for fitness, while in the Pannon white rabbits, the inbreeding load was between 40% and 80% of its original value. The genomic studies also signalled purging, but they also made it clear that, contrary to the detected purging, the evaluated populations still suffered from inbreeding depression. Therefore, especially for domesticated animals, it can be concluded that deliberate inbreeding with the purpose of generating purging is not advocated.
Complete Genomic Characterization of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolates from Beef Cattle in Lopburi Province, Central Thailand, during 2021–2022
Authors: Suwankitwat Nutthakarn , Deemagarn Taweewat , Bhakha Kultyarat , Songkasupa Tapanut , Vitoonpong Ratchaneekorn , Trakunjaroonkit Pannaporn , Rodphol Sureenipa , Nuansrichay Bandit , Chintapitaksakul Lerdchai , Wongsarattanasin Khanin , Kwon Oh-Kyu , Kang Hae-Eun , Shin Yeun-Kyung
Published: December 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral infection that impacts the cattle industry. The most efficient approach to prevent disease involves the utilization of live-attenuated LSD vaccines (LAVs), which stands out as the most successful method. However, LAVs might be subjected to changes to their genomes during replication that increase viral infectivity or virulence. The objective of this study was to monitor alterations in the genetic characteristics of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in beef cattle following the administration of LAVs in Lopburi Province of Central Thailand. A total of four skin samples from LSD cases were collected from non-vaccinated animals that exhibited LSD clinical symptoms from two distinct districts, spanning three subdistricts within the region. The samples of cattle were analyzed using real-time PCR targeting the LSDV074 p32 gene, the virus was isolated, and the entire genome sequences were evaluated through a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis, and phylogenetic trees were assembled. The investigations revealed that LSDVs from two isolates from Chai Badan district exhibited significant mutations in the open reading frame (ORF) 023 putative protein, while another two isolates from Lam Sonthi district had a change in the untranslated region (UTR). For a result, the most proficient disease diagnosis and control should be evaluated on viral genetics on a regular basis.
Ecological Flow Analysis through an Ecohydraulic-Based Catchment Scale Approach
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Datta Bithin
Published: December 2023

Ecological flow regime analysis through developing a novel ecohydraulic optimization method is the objective of this study in which three components are linked. Hydrological analysis is the first component in which average monthly flow is assessed in different hydrological conditions by applying a drought index in the selected control points or representative reaches in the river basin. Another component is the ecological model in which field ecological studies are used for selecting the target species, and habitat loss was modelled through the fuzzy method. The outputs of the hydrological analysis and hydraulic habitat simulation were then applied in the structure of the optimization model in which minimizing ecological impacts and water supply loss were defined as the purposes. Different evolutionary algorithms were used in the optimization process. A decision-making system was utilized to finalize ecological flow by selecting the privileged algorithm. According to the outputs, the proposed method can mitigate ecological impacts and water supply losses simultaneously. Either particle swarm optimization or differential evolution algorithm is the best approach for ecological flow in this research work. The outputs of optimization indicated that the reliability of the water supply in dry years is less than 32%, while it is more than 80% in wet years, which means that changing the hydrological condition will increase the portion of ecological flow regime significantly. In other words, the reliability of the water supply can be reduced by more than 50%. Hence, using other water resources such as groundwater is necessary in dry years in the study area.
Sprinkler Irrigation on Sloping Land: Distribution Characteristics of Droplet Impact Angle and Shear Stress
Authors: Hui Xin , Chen Yifei , Shoukat Muhammad Rizwan , Yang Huimin , Zheng Yudong
Published: December 2023

Droplet impact angle and shear stress are important indicators of surface runoff under sprinkler irrigation, and determining the distribution characteristics of these two indicators on sloping land is of great significance for preventing soil surface erosion. Therefore, three slopes (0, 10%, and 20%) and two directions (uphill and downhill) under a Rainbird LF1200 rotary sprinkler were considered in this study. The distribution of droplet impact angles and shear stresses along the radial direction were investigated under various working conditions. The correlations among the droplet impact angle, shear stress, and distance from the sprinkler were also analyzed. These results indicated that the closer to the sprinkler, the larger the droplet impact angle and the smaller the shear stress, and the two indicators gradually decreased and increased with the increase of distance from the sprinkler, respectively. Accordingly, there was a very high potential for soil surface runoff at the spray jet end. It was also observed that the uphill direction generally had a greater impact angle and less shear stress than flat land, while the downhill direction had exactly the opposite result. However, regardless of the direction, an increase in the slope could intensify its effect on the droplet shear stress and impact angle. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on the occurrence of surface runoff in soils with larger slopes. In addition, two radial droplet shear stress distribution models were developed, and it was verified that Model 2 had higher accuracy (MAE = 176.6 N m−2, MBE = 32.8 N m−2, and NRMSE = 14.4%) and could be used to predict the average droplet shear stresses at different slopes, directions, and distances from the sprinkler. This study contributes to the soil erosion prevention and the sprinkler irrigation system optimization on sloping land.
Application of the Improved K-Nearest Neighbor-Based Multi-Model Ensemble Method for Runoff Prediction
Authors: Xie Tao , Chen Lu , Yi Bin , Li Siming , Leng Zhiyuan , Gan Xiaoxue , Mei Ziyi
Published: December 2023

Hydrological forecasting plays a crucial role in mitigating flood risks and managing water resources. Data-driven hydrological models demonstrate exceptional fitting capabilities and adaptability. Recognizing the limitations of single-model forecasting, this study introduces an innovative approach known as the Improved K-Nearest Neighbor Multi-Model Ensemble (IKNN-MME) method to enhance the runoff prediction. IKNN-MME dynamically adjusts model weights based on the similarity of historical data, acknowledging the influence of different training data features on localized predictions. By combining an enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm with adaptive weighting, it offers a more powerful and flexible ensemble. This study evaluates the performance of the IKNN-MME method across four basins in the United States and compares it to other multi-model ensemble methods and benchmark models. The results underscore its outstanding performance and adaptability, offering a promising avenue for improving runoff forecasting.
Multi-Objective Performance of Detention Basins and Rainwater Harvesting Systems Using Real-Time Controls with Rainfall Forecasts
Authors: Altobelli Margherita , Evangelisti Margherita , Maglionico Marco
Published: December 2023

Climate change and an increase in urbanization are severely testing urban drainage systems; at the same time, population growth is leading to an increase in demand for water resources, while climate change is more likely to reduce the amount of water that is available to meet this demand. The present study finds a solution to both problems by assuming a hybrid use of detention basins, i.e., providing a real-time control system (RTC) for the outfall discharge managed according to the rainfall forecast and the water level in the tank, to reuse rainwater for non-potable use and, at the same time, to guarantee the hydraulic protection of the downstream system. Twenty-seven scenarios were simulated using the numerical model SWMM 5.1, assuming different types of controls on the discharge. The simulations show a non-potable water-saving efficiency from a minimum of 32% to a maximum of 90%, and the reduction in volume discharged is between 11% and 31%, while the peak flow rate varies more significantly depending on the type of control used. These results highlight the detention basins’ potential deriving from the hybrid use of this system with rainwater harvesting systems.
Time-Lagged Response of Streamflow in the Lower Yellow River to the Water Regulation by Xiaolangdi Reservoir: Implication for Efficient Water Supply
Authors: Wang Juan , Xu Jinquan , Kong Dongxian
Published: December 2023

The Lower Yellow River (LYR) is a vital water resource for agriculture, industry, and domestic use in the surrounding areas. Understanding the delayed response of local streamflow response to remote reservoir operations is crucial for effective water management and flood control. In this work, we utilize historical hydrological data and statistical analysis techniques to investigate the time-lagged response of streamflow in the LYR to water regulation by the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The results demonstrate that there is a time lag of 1.98 days, 2.86 days, and 3.93 days between the record of water regulation at Xiaolangdi Reservoir and the arrival time at Gaocun, Aishan, and Lijin stations, respectively. Time lag correction is proven to be crucial when establishing the relationship between the daily streamflows in the LYR and those at Xiaolangdi station. Further analysis reveals that the travel distance of streamflow is the dominant factor determining the lag time, with a time lag coefficient of 0.57 days per hundred kilometers. It is expected that the findings in this study could offer a fundamental basis for decision-makers in water resource management.
Sustainable Lutein Production from Chlorella sorokiniana NIES-2168 by Using Aquaculture Wastewater with Two-Stage Cultivation Strategies
Authors: Yin Yaxin , Miao Xiaoling
Published: December 2023

Unnecessary discharge of nutrient-rich aquaculture wastewater is a significant threat to the environment, exacerbating massive resource wasting worldwide. Microalgae-based circular economy strategies utilize atmospheric CO2 and aquaculture wastewater nutrients and convert them into valuable compounds. Lutein, a natural pigment, is a nutritional supplement for eye protection, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, and other health benefits. It is widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The primary purpose of this study is to reuse aquaculture wastewater to grow microalgae and optimize conditions to achieve a high yield of lutein as well as the removal of nutrients from wastewater. When cultured in 1.0× BG11 nutrient-added aquaculture wastewater and aerated using 2% CO2, the biomass concentration and lutein content of Chlorella sorokiniana NIES-2168 increased to 1.78 g L−1 and 7.43 mg g−1, respectively. A two-stage culture strategy further increased the lutein content and yield of microalgae. The highest lutein content of 13.95 mg g−1 and lutein productivity of 3.63 mg L−1 d−1 in the second stage aligned with other phototrophic microalgae currently used for lutein production. C. sorokiniana NIES-2168 also showed exceptional nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, with nitrate and phosphate removal rates reaching 96.07% and 96.75% during the two-stage culture process.
Coupled In-Situ Fermentation for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Digested Swine Wastewater
Authors: Liao Yifang , Zhang Chiqian , Li Ping , Feng Tao , Wu Jinhua
Published: December 2023

This study demonstrated the feasibility of enhanced biological phosphorus removal coupled with in-situ fermentation (EBPR-F) to improve phosphorus removal from real digested swine wastewater. We used fermentable substrates (casein hydrolysate and glucose) as the external carbon sources to promote in-situ fermentation and enhance biological phosphorus removal. Compared with conventional EBPR dominated by Candidatus Accumulibacter, EBPR-F had significantly better phosphorus removal with enriched polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs). Under supplementation with 100 mg/L glucose, total phosphorus (TP) removal was over 95% in EBPR-F, with an average TP concentration in the effluent below 1.0 mg/L, satisfying the discharge standard (8 mg P/L) in China. The PAO activity and relative abundance of Candidatus Accumulibacter (44.7% ± 3.1%) and Tetrasphaera (18.1% ± 6.6%) in EBPR-F were much higher than those in EBPR. The improvement in phosphorus removal of EBPR-F was due to the enrichment of Tetrasphaera through the enhanced in-situ fermentation, as Tetrasphaera can efficiently ferment complex organic matter and provide bioavailable organics for phosphorus removal.
Calculation of the return on investment in the obesity treatment program
Authors:   Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia, Nedogoda S. V. , Salasyuk A. S. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia, Barykina I. N. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia, Lutova V. O. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia, Popova E. A. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia
Published: December 2023

Aim. calculate the potential return on investment of a treatment program for obese patients. Materials and methods. Calculations were used to determine the levels of clinical outcomes of implementing obesity treatment programs at which the return on investment would be positive. The calculation model was developed on the basis of population data obtained from opsources, results of clinical trials, and average cost indicators for the Russian Federation. Since the data on the long-term effectiveness of obesity treatment programs are limited, the developed model uses a number of assumptions to calculate scenario estimates of the economic feasibility of implementing this scheme in the practical healthcare of the country. Results. The calculations show that the average cost of an annual course of obesity treatment (76.4 thousand rubles) in 2022 is economically justified from the point of view of the possibility of achieving a positive return on investment (positive return on investment can be achieved by the 5th year of follow-up of patients after effective treatment). As the frequency of long-term persistent drug-free remissions increases, the «economically justified» cost of an annual course of treatment may increase. Conclusion. The economic analysis performed has shown the potential of implementing a standardized obesity treatment program in terms of cost-effectiveness, which allows us to conclude that perfecting of a standardized obesity treatment program can be a cost-effective way of treating obesity.
Development of an application for self-help for patients with anxiety and depressive disorder
Authors:   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Koshkina A. E. , Lebed O. L. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Nemkovskiy G. B. ,   I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation; WESTTRADE LTD
Published: December 2023

The authors conducted an exploratory study of the coverage of the problem of the availability of self-help applications for patients with anxiety-depressive disorder. The analysis of applications available in electronic digital form has revealed a large number of developments that provide diagnostic procedures and meditative practices of various kinds. The studied applications do not have such functionality as entry diagnostic testing, which helps track the dynamics of anxiety and depression in the user. The considered applications offer assistance in mastering meditative and breathing techniques without taking into account the state in which the user is before, during, and after the use of meditative techniques. In addition, a significant disadvantage of these developments is the lack of a Russian interface for the applications. The authors note the interest of users in such applications and the feasibility of working for their improvement.
Safety of rivaroxaban in elderly patients
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Shnaider K. O. , Kondrakhin A. P. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   Moscow Healthcare Department,   State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow «Hospital for War Veterans No. 2 of the Moscow Healthcare Department», Maksimov M. L. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novikova А. А. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

Diseases associated with blood clotting disorders are one of the most common problems of a modern person and, accordingly, of the attending physician. Since apixaban is the drug of choice for the treatment of thrombosis and prevention of strokes and embolism, the practitioner needs to be aware of the pharmacological properties and safety of apixaban in special groups of patients. This article provides updated information on the safety of apixaban in patients with kidney disease. We identified potentially relevant studies by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from January 2022 to November 2023 using the terms: apixaban, anticoagulants,thrombosis, stroke, embolism, kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, therapy, safety, efficacy,adverse effects, clinical trials. Then, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as by means of independent selection, all the authors of this article selected the sources meeting the criteria and compiled this review. Recent data show high safety of apixaban, supporting its use as a first-line treatment for thrombosis in patients with kidney diseases.
About the Possibility of Using Digital Twins of Organizations in the State Planning System
Authors:   The State University of Management, Moscow, Samosudov M. V. , Zuikov Ya. P. ,   The State University of Management, Moscow, Mironova M. P. ,   The State University of Management, Moscow, Kurlyanova A. A. ,   The State University of Management, Moscow
Published: December 2023

The article considers the possibility of using a digital twin of the social system in the system of state planning. It is shown that the use of a digital twin makes it possible to ensure greater transparency of the activities and status of organizations included in the state planning system for public administration bodies, calculate the risks of activities for the implementation of state programs and projects, as well as timely calculate the consequences of changes in operating conditions and make decisions to correct activities. A comprehensive mathematical agent-based model of a social system functioning in an active environment, which is the basis of a digital twin, is briefl y characterized. The model is based on a strict theoretical framework describing the laws of the evolution of the social system in the socio-economic space. It simulates the dynamics of a social system, operating with a strictly limited number of entities, some of which are invariant, and some are variable values. This set of entities allows us to comprehensively describe the phenomena and processes observed in social systems. As a result of in-depth study of the nature of social systems, using an interdisciplinary approach, it became possible to determine a set of phase variables that accurately describe the situation of a social system in the socio-economic space and formalize patterns linking the values of phase variables and the results of the functioning of the organization. This makes it possible to trace its dynamics by fi xing changes in the values of phase variables. This makes it possible to record the situation in the digital twin of the social system, which makes it possible to ensure transparency of its state for interested persons. This, in turn, makes it possible to use a digital twin to calculate the dynamics of the system for the purposes of planning its evolution. Due to the peculiarities of the model, the use of a digital twin does not require signifi cant amounts of data from the past period — it is enough to fi x the current state of the organization in order to be able to calculate its dynamics for development planning purposes. This makes it possible to include newly created organizations and individual projects, including socially signifi cant and defense ones, into the state planning system.
Effectiveness of lip and cheek biting treatment in athletes
Authors: Nasibullina E. F. , Kuznetsova N. S. , Kabirova M. F. , Gerasimova L. P. , Galimov Sh. N. , Basyrov T. R. , Ibragimova M. Kh. , Kamilov H. P. , Galimova S. Sh.
Published: December 2023

Relevance. Oral mucosal diseases are currently a significant problem since patients rarely notice the unusual appearance of the oral mucosa and, therefore, do not consult a dentist at the early stages of the disease.Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for biting lips and cheeks in athletes.Material and methods. The study included 170 people (20-40 years old) who underwent a dental examination according to the WHO recommendations, electromyography of the masticatory muscles, Doppler ultrasound and autofluorescence examination of the oral mucosa. Group 1 included athletes involved in sports for up to 1 year (35 people), Group 2 included people with sports experience of 1-5 years (43 people), and Group 3 - with sports experience of 5 to 10 years (42 people). The control group consisted of 50 generally healthy men who did not engage in sports. The patients diagnosed with biting their lips and cheeks (K13.1 according to ICD-10) received comprehensive treatment.Results. Dental examination revealed biting of lips and cheeks in 46.7% of the examined patients. The prevalence of biting lips and cheeks appeared to grow with increasing length of sports experience; it amounted to 5.7% in the group with sports experience of up to one year and 66.7% – in the group with experience of 5-10 years. The pretreatment examination detected that the blood flow velocity was 2.1 times lower in group 3 than in the control group. The amplitude of the masticatory and temporal muscles at rest was 1.7 times higher in patients of group 3 than in the control group, which indicates an increase in the tone of the masticatory muscles in athletes and a significant difference in the condition of the muscle tissue of the masticator y muscles in athletes.Conclusion. Athletes, based on the length of their sports-training experience, showed significant differences in dental status, electromyography indicators of the masticatory muscles and Doppler ultrasound of the oral mucosa. Our proposed method for treating cheek and lip biting has sho wn high effectiveness.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KOMPOS ECO ENZYME DI KELURAHAN SUKASARI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Kahar Kahar , Iqbal Muhamad , Kamaludin Ade
Published: December 2023

Kota Bandung aktif menerapkan program dalam pengelolaan sampah salah satunya dibentuk program pemerintah kota Bandung, yaitu Kang Pisman (Kurangi, Pisahkan dan Manfaatkan Sampah). Kurangi berarti setiap warga memiliki kesadaran untuk menggunakan kembali barang yang dapat digunakan kembali. Kegiatan selama ini di Kelurahan Sukarasa tidak ada pengolahan sampah. pembuatan sampah buah menjadi Eco enzyme merupakan salah satu solusi penanganan sampah. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang bagaimana pemanfaatan sampah rumah tangga yang biasa dijadikan sebagai cairan Eco enzyme, sehingga masyarakat mampu mengolah sampahnya sendiri. melakukan pelatihan dan praktek langsung mengenai cara pembuatan menjadi cairan Eco enzyme. tingkat pengetahuan responden mengenai eco enzym pada pretest adalah 33% tingkat pengetahuan baik dan 67% kurang baik setelah dilakukan pelatihan dan dilakukan post test hasil didapatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan responden mengenai eco enzym setelah diberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan adalah 83% tingkat pengetahuan baik dan 17% kurang baik. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan responden mengenai pembuatan eco enzym setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan langsung.
The image of male / female artist in Ukrainian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the gender aspect
Authors: Kalenichenko Olha , Shchukina Yuliia
Published: December 2023

The study examines gender issues in the works of Ukrainian writers on the border of the 19th and 20th centuries, whose main heroes and heroines are representatives of art. In the dramaturgical works of this time, due to the departure from the social issues, the problems of gender equality and the possibility of choosing their life path by women actresses are intensified. This topic today remains an almost unexplored in scientific works, which determines the relevance and scientific novelty of our article. The purpose of the study is to consider the processes of modernization of Ukrainian literature in the context of gender and feminist issues, as well as to analyze the peculiarities of writers’ interpretation of images of artists in prose and drama using general scientific approaches and comparative typological method. The research results allows to state that such writers as O. Konisky and H. Khotkevych seek to reveal the peculiarities of the worldview of their characters. At the same time, the attitude of the heroes towards the female gender is traditional, the chosen ones of the musicians – main literary personages – should be female associates who fully support the lofty thoughts and deeds of their husbands. Actors and actresses in the plays by M. Starytsky and I. Karpenko-Kary raise the most difficult issues of family life, fidelity and betrayal of wives and husbands in marriage, life in a civil marriage and others that continue to be relevant in our time. L. Starytska Cherniakhivska, Lesia Ukrainka and O. Kobylianska, going beyond gender issues in the direction of feminist views, transfer the emphasis in their plays and short prose to the tragedy of a talented woman who devoted herself to art. Thus, Ukrainian writers of the studied period considered in sufficient detail the problem of gender relations in their modern society, in particular, the issue of family betrayal in its interpretation by representatives of the opposite sexes, and built a kind of hierarchy of relations between women and men.
Türkiye Türkçesi Doğu Grubu Ağızlarındaki Alıntı Sözcüklerde Ünsüz Göçüşmeleri
Authors: KÜRÜM Mesut
Published: December 2023

Türkçenin ilk yazılı belgelerinden itibaren farklı dillerle etkileşim içinde olması, çok sayıda yabancı sözcüğün Türkçeye girmesine neden olmuştur. Başlangıçta daha az karşımıza çıkan bu yabancı ya da alıntı sözcükler, ilişkide bulunulan dil sayısındaki artışa bağlı olarak sonraki dönemlerde fazlalaşmıştır. Bugün ise çoğu hem ölçünlü Türkiye Türkçesinde hem de Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında Türkçenin ses özelliklerine göre şekillenerek kullanılmaya devam etmektedir.

Arapça ve Farsça kökenli sözcükler başta olmak üzere Batı dillerinden de pek çok sözcüğün Türkiye Türkçesinin ana ağız gruplarından biri olan Doğu Grubu ağızlarında yaygın şekilde kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte bu ağızlarda kullanılan alıntı sözcükler, Türkçenin ses yapısına uygun şekilde telaffuz edilirken bazı fonetik değişimlere de uğramaktadır. İşte bu çalışmada, alıntı sözcüklerde meydana gelen yaygın fonetik hadiselerden birisi olan ve bir sözcük içerisindeki komşu veya uzak ünsüzlerin yer değiştirmesi şeklinde tanımlanan ünsüz göçüşmelerinin Doğu Grubu ağızlarında karşılaşılan alıntı sözcüklerdeki görünümü ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca çalışmada değerlendirilecek olan alıntı sözcükler, Doğu Grubu ağızlarıyla ilgili bilimsel kaynaklardan tespit edilerek alındığı kaynaktaki orijinal biçimiyle verilecektir.
Klasik Türk Şiirinde Bir Benzetme Unsuru Olarak “Beşik” ve “Beşik Çocuğu” Kavramları
Authors: GÖK Selim
Published: December 2023

“Beşik” kadim zamanlardan beri doğum sonrasında bebeklerin uyutulmasında kullanılan, sözlü ve yazılı edebiyata konu edilmiş bir eşyadır. “Beşik çocuğu” ise beşikte yatan, can taşıyan, anne sütü emen, akli melekesi olmadığından saflığı, masumiyeti ve acziyetiyle meşhur bebek yahut küçük çocuktur. Kutsi kitaplar ve halk söylencelerinde de sıklıkla yer bulan bu iki kavramın, klasik şiirde soyut ve somut pek çok kullanımı vardır. Zira beşiğin; amacı, kendine has şekli, sallanması, imalindeki malzeme çeşitliliği ve doğumla ilgili bir eşya olması gibi özellikleri bu anlam çeşitliliğini desteklemektedir. Beşik ve beşik çocuğu kavramlarından ayet ve dinî kıssalarda da bahsedilmesi, bunların toplumun inanç ve yaşantısının merkezinde olan iki kavram olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu dikkatle klasik edebiyatın divan ve mesnevilerinde (15 ila 19. yy.) beşik ve beşik çocuğu tasvirlerinin her ikisini de içeren şiir örnekleri tespit edilerek beşiğin şekli, görevi, hareket özellikleri, çocuk-beşik ilişkisi yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Şiir örnekleri “mucize”, “insan”, “âşık”, sevgili”, “gönül”, “can/ruh”, “evren”, “dünya”, “gökyüzü” “tabiat”, “şair/şiiriyet” kavramları bağlamında tenkit edilmiştir. Nihai olarak bu çalışma, klasik Türk şiirinde beşik ve beşik çocuğu kavramlarının somut ve soyut şekillerde bir benzetme unsuru olarak kullanılmasını inceleyen tahlil ve mukayeseye dayalı bir değerlendirmeden müteşekkildir.