bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Relationship between Oral Health Behavior, Oral Hygiene, and Gingival Status of Adolescent Tobacco Consumers in Ranchi, Jharkhand: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Arunoday , Gupta Anjali , Singh Siddharth Kumar , Gupta Abhishek , Mehta Palkin
Published: September 2021

Background. Tobacco consumption is very prevalent in India and associated with a number of oral health problems. Good oral health behavior plays a significant role in improving oral hygiene status. Objectives. To assess the relationship between the oral health behavior, oral hygiene, and gingival status of adolescent tobacco consumers (smoke/smokeless form) and to compare it with that of the nonconsumers of tobacco in the same age group, who were selected from the OPD of Dental Institute, RIMS. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Ranchi. The study included a total of 400 adolescents who were reported to be consumers of tobacco and 400 adolescents who were nonconsumers of tobacco. The oral health behavior was assessed using HU-DBI. The plaque and gingival scores were assessed using standardized indices. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation. The significance level was set at

p
≤
0.05

. Results. The majority of tobacco consumers were found to have poor plaque scores as assessed using the plaque index. As assessed by the gingival index, the majority of the tobacco consumers were found to have a severe form of gingivitis. The mean plaque score (2.38 ± 0.51,

p

value <0.001) and the mean gingival score (2.6 ± 0.63,

p

value <0.001) were significantly higher in tobacco consumers. The mean HU-DBI score was significantly higher in non-tobacco consumers (8.3 ± 1.60,

p

value <0.001). It was observed that the gingival and plaque scores have a significant negative correlation with the HU-DBI score. The majority of tobacco consumers were worried about the staining of teeth and bleeding from gums. A dental visit for a routine preventive check-up was reported to be rare in both groups. Conclusion. The oral hygiene and gingival status were significantly poor in tobacco consumers compared to non-tobacco consumers. As the oral health behavior of the participants improved, the plaque and gingival scores reduced significantly.
Dynamic Analysis and Optimal Control of ISCR Rumor Propagation Model with Nonlinear Incidence and Time Delay on Complex Networks
Authors: Chang Zhongxue , Jiang Haijun , Yu Shuzhen , Chen Shanshan
Published: September 2021

An Innocents-Spreaders-Calmness-Removes (ISCR) rumor propagation model is established with nonlinear incidence and time delay on complex networks in this paper. Based on the mean-field theory, the spreading dynamics of the ISCR model are discussed in detail. Firstly, the basic reproduction number

R

0

is obtained by the next generation matrix method to ensure the existence of rumor-prevailing equilibrium. Secondly, by utilizing the Routh–Hurwitz criterion and LaSalle’s invariance principle, the local stability and global stability of rumor equilibria are proved. Moreover, the optimal control is presented via Pontryagin’s minimum principle, which is to effectively restrain rumor diffusion. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations.
The Constructive Solution of the Fractal Composite Reservoir with Stress-Sensitivity Formation
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Songlin , Liu Haohan , Li Shunchu
Published: September 2021

The concentric two-zone composite reservoir model is a boundary value problems (BVPs) of modified Bessel equations. In this paper, we propose a constructive method to solve the BVPs for the system of modified Bessel equations with Robin mixed outer boundary condition and apply it to solve a two-zone fractal composite reservoir seepage model with stress-sensitivity formation. By using Pedrosa variable substitution, regular perturbation technique, Laplace transform, and Stehfest numerical inversion technique, the unified expression for the solutions of the reservoir model with three outer boundary (infinite, impermeable, and constant pressure) conditions is constructed. Type curves of bottom-hole pressure and pressure derivative are drawn, and sensitivity analysis of reservoir parameters are carried out. In comparison with the traditional approach, the solutions of this model are simple and regular, with continued fraction form, the constructive method is efficient and easy to operate. The application of this method avoids the complicated and trivial derivative operation and the use of Cramer’s rule to solve the system of linear equations. It can help to better understand the relationship between the solutions of the reservoir model and the inner and outer boundary conditions. The constructive method can be applied not only to solve the fractal composite reservoir model but also to solve more general reservoir model, BVPs of fluid diffusion, heat conduction, and so on.
Comparison of Effects of Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Cancer Guided by CT Images Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhang Tongqing , He Zhiliang , Wang Fengxia
Published: September 2021

Objective. To investigate the paper radiofrequency ablation (RFA) CT-guided feasibility of hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) treatment, safety, and clinical efficacy of the use of deep learning algorithms. Method. A total of 47 cases of primary liver cancer patients were included: 21 cases of CT-guided liver lesions in line with RFA (C-CT group) and, in the same period, 26 cases of spiral CT-guided liver lesions in line with RFA (S-CT group). Two groups of patients were recorded immediately after the total operation time and ablation time, the acceptable radiation dose was observed in the incidence of postoperative complications of 7d, and the postoperative hospital stay was recorded to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of lesions in 1, 3, and 6 months after RFA. Results. All 47 patients were successful; two technical success rates were 100%. There was a significant difference (

P

 < 0.05) in the total operation time groups, ablation time, and acceptable radiation dose. And there was no significant difference (

P

 < 0.05) in postoperative complications of 7d groups, postoperative hospital stay, and local disease control. There was a significant difference (

P

 < 0.05) in the S-CT group, seven ablation residual or recurrent lesions during the follow-up ratio of 26.9%, and C-CT groups compared with only 14.3%. Conclusion. CT-guided RFA treatment of primary liver cancer patients is safe, effective, and superior to the conventional spiral CT-guided ablation lesion site-specific terms.
Emerging of Fatal Colitis with Multidrug-Resistant Candida glabrata after Small Bowel Transplantation
Authors: Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Nikoupour Hamed , Nouraei Hasti , Morovati Hamid , Zomorodian Kamiar
Published: September 2021

Background. Small bowel transplantation is a potential option for patients with intestinal-failure, and the incidences of infections caused by Candida species that are more resistant to antifungal drugs are increasing in these patients. In this manuscript, we reported a case of fatal colitis after small bowel transplantation induces by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida glabrata. Case Presentation. A 52-year-old man has undergone an extensive small bowel resection with the length of the remaining bowel which was less than 40 cm who became a candidate for transplantation. Four months after transplantation, the patient experienced severe bloody diarrhea with abdominal distension. Ileoscopy and colonoscopy did not show neither pathological change and rejection nor cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection posttransplantation. Abdomen computed tomography showed diffuse moderate small bowel wall thickening. After detection of budding yeast in the stool samples, stool culture was positive for Candida, DNA was extracted, and ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region of the fungal agent was amplified. Sequencing analysis of PCR and antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that this isolate was multidrug-resistant C. glabrata. Besides, there was no evidence for other pathogens known to cause infection in various laboratory tests. Immediate antifungal treatments with caspofungin remained unsuccessful, and on the eighteenth day of admission, the patient expires with septic shock. Conclusion. These findings highlight the challenging management of candidiasis in patients with small bowel transplantation. Infectious diseases due to MDR organisms have emerged as a vital clinical problem in this patient population.
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 Is a Potent Predictor of Outcomes in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Liu Wenjin , Wang Lulu , Li Xiurong , Gao Chaoqing , Zhou Jianmei , Zhou Jiajun , Wang Liang , Sun Zhuxing , Chu Hong , Fan Wei , Bai Youwei , Yang Junwei
Published: September 2021

Introduction: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory marker that has been found to be predictive of outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Our previous work has also demonstrated its relation to cardiac injury in dialysis patients. However, it is yet unclear whether there is an association between CXCL16 and adverse outcomes in dialysis patients. We aimed to evaluate its prognostic value along with several traditional inflammatory markers in the current study. Methods: This is a multicenter longitudinal study of prevalent dialysis patients. Circulating inflammatory markers including CXCL16, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using a multiplex assay. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). The associations between biomarkers and outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Of the 366 participants with available plasma samples, the average age was 52.5 (±12.1) years, and there were 160 (43.7%) female participants. For all-cause mortality, logarithmically transformed CXCL16, IL-6, and CRP were independent predictors after adjustment for covariates. When the 3 markers were included in the same model, CXCL16 was the only one remaining its significance. For MACEs, logarithmically transformed CXCL16 and IL-6 were significant predictors when analyzed separately and CXCL16 was an independent predictor even after adjustment for IL-6. When the biomarkers were analyzed as categorical variables, only CXCL16 was associated with both outcomes. Adding CXCL16 to established risk factors improved risk prediction as revealed by Net Reclassification Index (NRI). Conclusion: Using a multimarker approach, we determined that CXCL16 is a potent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in dialysis patients. Our data suggest CXCL16 may improve risk stratification and could be a potential interventional target.
Effect of Enteral Vitamin A on Fecal Calprotectin in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Nested Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Rakshasbhuvankar Abhijeet A. , Pillow J. Jane , Patole Sanjay Keshav , Nathan Elizabeth A. , Simmer Karen
Published: September 2021

Background: Vitamin A has anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. We aimed to assess whether enteral water-soluble vitamin A supplementation in extremely preterm infants decreases fecal calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation. Methods: This was a prospective observational study nested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating enteral vitamin A (5,000 IU/day) for reducing the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. Fecal calprotectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 28 days of Vitamin A or placebo supplementation. Results: Fecal calprotectin was measured in 66 infants (Vitamin A: 33, Placebo: 33). The mean (standard deviation) gestational age (25.5 [1.55] vs. 25.8 [1.48]; p = 0.341) (week), birth weight (810 [200] vs. 877 [251]; p = 0.240) (gram), and factors influencing fecal calprotectin levels were comparable between the vitamin A versus placebo group infants. All infants were exclusively fed with mother’s or donor’s human breast milk if mother’s milk was unavailable using a standardized feeding regimen and received prophylactic probiotic supplementation. Fecal calprotectin levels (median; 25th–75th centiles) (micrograms/gram of feces) were not significantly different between vitamin A (152; 97–212) and placebo groups (179; 91–313) (p = 0.195). Two infants in the vitamin A group developed definite necrotizing enterocolitis compared to none in the placebo group. Incidence of BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age was similar between the groups (vitamin A: 18/33, placebo: 13/33, p = 0.218). Conclusion: Enteral supplementation with water-soluble vitamin A did not affect fecal calprotectin levels in extremely preterm infants. Studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the findings.
Gastrointestinal Disease and COVID-19: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Chen Fei , Dai Zhiqing , Huang Chaofan , Chen Huiran , Wang Xinyi , Li Xinya
Published: September 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedented and catastrophic impact on humanity and continues to progress. In addition to typical respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, and dyspnea, a large percentage of COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, with the most common symptoms being diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Summary: We comprehensively summarize the latest knowledge of the adverse effects of COVID-19 and therapeutic drugs on the GI system, as well as related disease pathogenesis, and then provide a discussion focusing on the management and vaccination of patients who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and GI cancer. The virus can affect the digestive system via binding to ACE2 receptors and subsequent gut microbiome dysbiosis. Through a variety of molecular pathways and mechanisms, numerous drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 could interfere with GI function and lead to multiple clinical manifestations, which may further intensify the risk and severity of GI symptoms of COVID-19 infection, such as nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis, and gastric ulcers. Key Messages: We should monitor GI manifestations closely while managing COVID-19 patients and take timely measures to reduce the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in GI cancer patients. IBD patients should receive vaccination timely, but corticosteroid use should be minimized when they are vaccinated. Simultaneously, for persons with IBD who have known or suspected COVID-19, immunosuppressive agents, especially thiopurines, should be avoided/minimized if possible.
Low-Intensity Ultrasound as a Novel Strategy to Improve the Cytotoxic Effect of Oncolytic Reovirus on Colorectal Cancer Model Cells
Authors: Sharifi Negar , Soleimanjahi Hoorieh , Mokhtari-Dizaji Manijeh , Banijamali Razieh Sadat , Elhamipour Maliheh , Karimi Hesam
Published: September 2021

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer all over the world, so in the battle to fight this hurdle, new therapeutic approaches such as oncolytic viruses (OV) have attracted much attention because of the fact that they can inherently kill cancer cells. Oncolytic reovirus is one of the candidates for treatment as a nonpathogenic species specially reovirus type 3 Dearing (T3D), which can induce apoptosis. To speed up the entry and function of the reovirus, low-intensity ultrasound, which is a safe system for damage to the cells and tissues, is a promising approach to be used in combination with other therapeutic approach. Methods: L929 and CT26 cells were infected with reovirus T3D and were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation (1 MHz, 1 W/cm2, and 20% duty factor) for 10 s. The viruses’ titer level of both groups was calculated in 2 types of cells by using the CCID50 method and compared with each other. Apoptosis, after 24 h, was measured by the flow cytometry method. Result: The results of CCID50 in infected cells were exposed to low-intensity ultrasound showed an increased virus titer compared with unexposed infected cells. Moreover, according to the results of the flow cytometry test, it was found that the amount of apoptosis in infected cells that are exposed to low-intensity ultrasound waves is higher than those infected cells. Conclusion: Due to the results of CCID50 and flow cytometry tests, low-intensity ultrasound increases the cytotoxicity level of reovirus in CT26 cells of the cellular colorectal cancer model.
Estudo no Atletismo brasileiro: estruturas físicas, equipamentos esportivos e objetivos para o esporte
Authors: Caregnato André Felipe , Silva Marcelo Moraes e , Silva Camile Luciane da , Mezzadri Fernando Marinho , Gonçalves Carlos Eduardo , Matthiesen Sara Quenzer , Cavichiolli Fernando Renato
Published: September 2021

Este estudo, quanto aos fins, é de caráter quali-quantitativo e, quanto aos meios, utiliza-se de pesquisa documental para obtenção dos dados. Teve como objetivo geral identificar as estruturas físicas recentes do atletismo brasileiro, seus objetivos e a distribuição geográfica das principais entidades promotoras deste esporte entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. Informações documentais foram obtidas por meio de sites esportivos, governamentais. Conjuntamente, realizou-se um levantamento de dados no site da Confederação Brasileira de Atletismo (CBAt) do ranking dos melhores atletas entre os anos de 2013 à 2016. A análise qualitativa foi realizada a partir dos preceitos do método Análise do Conteúdo de Bardin e a quantitativa, através do programa IBM SPSS Statistics para Mac, versão 20.0. Fizeram parte deste levantamento, no período supracitado, 4203 atletas de atletismo e suas respectivas instituições. Os resultados apontaram que há uma concentração maior das estruturas físicas esportivas destinadas tanto à iniciação esportiva, quanto ao rendimento, nas regiões de maior desenvolvimento econômico do país (Sul e Sudeste), mas sem deixar de ter uma distribuição geográfica interessante, em algumas cidades das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Destaca-se que há iniciativas por meio de construção, reformas e equipagem das instalações de atletismo. Constatou-se que a estrutura física desta modalidade em universidades públicas, clubes, instalações militares, complexos multiesportivos, instalações municipais, estaduais, federais, Centros Nacionais, Regionais e Locais. Porém, poucas delas oferecem equipamentos esportivos para o rendimento esportivo. Em suma, os achados deste estudo auxiliam o Brasil a melhor definir os objetivos para com o atletismo brasileiro.
Predição do baixo desempenho motor por meio de indicadores antropométricos em crianças de oito a 10 anos
Authors: Silva Raísa Carvalho da , Ferrari Junior Geraldo Jose , Cardoso Fernando Luiz , Santos João Otacilio Libardoni dos , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , Beltrame Thaís Silva
Published: September 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a capacidade preditiva e possíveis pontos de corte dos indicadores antropométricos na predição do baixo desempenho motor em ambos os sexos. Participaram do estudo 350 escolares (186 meninas e 164 meninos) com idades de oito a 10 anos. Fizeram parte da pesquisa três escolas, sendo duas escolas públicas e uma escola privada localizadas na cidade de Manaus-AM. Os indicadores antropométricos avaliados foram: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência de Cintura (CC) e Razão Cintura Estatura (RCEst), e para avaliar as tarefas motoras foram utilizados os instrumentos Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (MABC-2) e Körperkoordination Test für Kinder (KTK). A curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) foi utilizada para estimar a capacidade preditiva dos indicadores antropométricos (IMC, CC e RCEst), apontando o melhor ponto de corte para a predição do baixo desempenho motor. Foi possível verificar capacidade preditiva dos indicadores antropométricos no somatório dos quocientes motores no instrumento KTK na amostra geral (p<0,001) e quando a amostra foi estratificada por sexo, houve capacidade preditiva pelo indicador IMC em meninos e meninas (p=0,006 e p=0,012, respectivamente), da mesma forma para o indicador CC (p=0,012 e p<0,001, respectivamente). O indicador antropométrico RCEst apresentou capacidade preditiva apenas para o sexo feminino (p<0,001). Já no MABC-2 não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Os indicadores antropométricos (IMC, CC e RCEst) possuem capacidade preditiva em algumas tarefas do KTK, porém não apresentaram predição para o baixo desempenho motor no MABC-2.
Sobre modificações no mestrado
Authors: Lafetá João Luiz
Published: September 2021

Texto para discussão interna no Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada.
A formação do DTLLC
Authors: Barbosa João Alexandre
Published: September 2021

Depoimento concedido à Marília Librandi Rocha, originalmente publicado na revista Magma, n. 2, São Paulo, dez /1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1769.mag.1995.80720
Entrevista com Ligia Chiappini Moraes Leite
Authors: Leite Ligia Chiappini Moraes
Published: September 2021

Concedida a Cássio Tavares, Marcela Cristina Evaristo e Maria Lúcia Zoega de Souza. Originalmente publicada na revista Magma, n. 5, p. 13-42, São Paulo, dez /1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1769.mag.1998.87221
Formalismo Tcheco-Russo
Authors: Glanc Tomáš
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho é dedicado à discussão da influência do formalismo russo sobre o Círculo Lingüístico de Praga e o estruturalismo tcheco como um todo. Para tanto, o autor apresenta ao leitor diversos pontos de vista, inclusive dos próprios estudiosos tchecos. A conclusão a que chega o autor é que o estruturalismo não é uma continuação ou uma evolução do formalismo, mas uma tendência em si mesma que se opõe a seu antecessor.
“O autor como produtor” na era da “estetização da política”
Authors: Figueiredo Clara F.
Published: September 2021

Trechos da correspondência de Walter Benjamin registram que a publicação de “A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica” na Rússia apresentava-se, para ele, como uma tarefa de primeira ordem. Em abril de 1936, Benjamin confessou a Kitty Marx- Stenchnerider suas expectativas e pessimismo frente a desejada publicação: “A avaliar por essas reações, quase teria razões para concluir que o trabalho terá a menor repercussão no lugar que deveria ser naturalmente o seu, na Rússia”. Quais seriam as motivações da expectativa benjaminiana? Porque a Rússia seria o destino ou o lugar “natural” de “A Obra de Arte...”?  Como explicar seu pessimismo? O presente artigo discute o caráter político e militante do ensaio em questão, bem como sua articulação com o debate russo, na contracorrente da estetização da política stalinista e em direção “à formulação de exigências revolucionárias” da arte.
Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on 4H-SiC PiN Diodes Characteristics
Authors: Xu Xingliang , Zhang Lin , Dong Peng , Li Zhiqiang , Li Lianghui , Li Juntao , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the static characteristics of high voltage 4H-SiC PiN is investigated. No significant change is observed in the forward on state characteristic of 4H-SiC PiN diodes before and after ultraviolet light irradiation. However, it is found that the blocking voltage is significantly increased with UV irradiation, which is resulted from the depletion region width extension with the collection of positive charges under the increase of the surface negative charge density. The deep level transient spectroscopy reveals that the UV irradiation induced deep-level defects play a dominant role over the trapped negative charges, and therefore leads to the increase of blocking voltage of 4H-SiC PiN Diodes.
CellProfiler 4: improvements in speed, utility and usability
Authors: Stirling David R. , Swain-Bowden Madison J. , Lucas Alice M. , Carpenter Anne E. , Cimini Beth A. , Goodman Allen
Published: September 2021

Background

Imaging data contains a substantial amount of information which can be difficult to evaluate by eye. With the expansion of high throughput microscopy methodologies producing increasingly large datasets, automated and objective analysis of the resulting images is essential to effectively extract biological information from this data. CellProfiler is a free, open source image analysis program which enables researchers to generate modular pipelines with which to process microscopy images into interpretable measurements.

Results

Herein we describe CellProfiler 4, a new version of this software with expanded functionality. Based on user feedback, we have made several user interface refinements to improve the usability of the software. We introduced new modules to expand the capabilities of the software. We also evaluated performance and made targeted optimizations to reduce the time and cost associated with running common large-scale analysis pipelines.

Conclusions

CellProfiler 4 provides significantly improved performance in complex workflows compared to previous versions. This release will ensure that researchers will have continued access to CellProfiler’s powerful computational tools in the coming years.
SWnet: a deep learning model for drug response prediction from cancer genomic signatures and compound chemical structures
Authors: Zuo Zhaorui , Wang Penglei , Chen Xiaowei , Tian Li , Ge Hui , Qian Dahong
Published: September 2021

Background

One of the major challenges in precision medicine is accurate prediction of individual patient’s response to drugs. A great number of computational methods have been developed to predict compounds activity using genomic profiles or chemical structures, but more exploration is yet to be done to combine genetic mutation, gene expression, and cheminformatics in one machine learning model.

Results

We presented here a novel deep-learning model that integrates gene expression, genetic mutation, and chemical structure of compounds in a multi-task convolutional architecture. We applied our model to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) datasets. We selected relevant cancer-related genes based on oncology genetics database and L1000 landmark genes, and used their expression and mutations as genomic features in model training. We obtain the cheminformatics features for compounds from PubChem or ChEMBL. Our finding is that combining gene expression, genetic mutation, and cheminformatics features greatly enhances the predictive performance.

Conclusion

We implemented an extended Graph Neural Network for molecular graphs and Convolutional Neural Network for gene features. With the employment of multi-tasking and self-attention functions to monitor the similarity between compounds, our model outperforms recently published methods using the same training and testing datasets.
Prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas, attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mehari Sintayehu , Zerfu Biruk , Desta Kassu
Published: September 2021

Background

Brucellosis is an important neglected bacterial zoonotic disease that has been affecting animals and humans for decades. Malaria has been considered major cause of illness in tropical areas, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis and malaria among patients with fever in malaria-endemic areas attending health institutes in Awra and Gulina district, Afar Region, Ethiopia.

Methods

A purposive cross-sectional study was conducted among febrile patients who attended health institutes in Awra and Gulina district of Afar region from February to May 2019. 3–5 ml blood samples were collected, thick and thin blood films were prepared and examined for malaria; serum was separated and tested for anti-Brucella using Rose Bengal Plate Test, and the seropositives were subjected to ELISA. Data were entered using EpiData3.1 and analyses were performed using Stata SE 14.

Results

A total of 444 febrile individuals (59.5% female) of age ranging from 2 to 83 years (mean = 26.1, SD =  ± 11.8) were participated in this study. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31.5% (95% CI; 27.4–36.0%) by RBPT and 15.8% (95% CI; 12.7–19.7%) by ELISA, as well as the prevalence of malaria (P. falciparum) was 4.3% (95% CI; 2.7–6.6%) among febrile patients. Malaria was more common in males (7.2% 95% CI; 4.2–12.1%) than in female (2.3% 95% CI; 1.0–5.0%, p = 0.01) and in non-married than in married (7.6% 95% CI; 4.1–13.6% vs. 2.9% 95% CI; 1.5–5.4%, p = 0.02). Being male (AOR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.36–4.26, p < 0.002), drinking raw milk (AOR = 26.68, 95%CI: 3.22- 221.13, p = 0.002) and boiled milk (AOR = 17.52, 95%CI: 2.06—149.04, p = 0.009) and touching aborted fetus/discharges without protective (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.01–6.528.50, p = 0.048) were independently associated with brucellosis among febrile patients.

Conclusion

The prevalence of brucellosis in fever patients in this study area is higher than malaria. Consumption of raw milk and contact with animal discharge can cause significant risk of Brucella infection. So, brucellosis disease must be sought in the differential diagnosis, like ELISA test that can be used to differentiate from other febrile diseases like malaria.
Prevalence and associated factors of premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy after ischemic stroke: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Seung Jae , Kwon Oh Deog , Choi Ho Chun , Lee Eung-Joon , Cho BeLong , Yoon Dae Hyun
Published: September 2021

Background

We tried to evaluate the prevalence of premature discontinuation of antiplatelets and its affecting factors after ischemic stroke using large-sized representative national claims data.

Methods

Patients aged 20 years or older with newly confirmed ischemic stroke who started aspirin or clopidogrel for the first time were selected from 2003 to 2010 National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) of South Korea (n = 4621), a randomly collected sample which accounts for 2.2% (n = 1,017,468) of total population (n = 46,605,433). The prevalence of discontinuation of antiplatelets was measured every 6 months until the 24 months since the first prescription. Then we classified the participants into 2 groups according to the discontinuation status at 12 months and assessed the factors influencing premature discontinuation of antiplatelets within 12 months.

Results

Among total participants, 35.5% (n = 1640) discontinued antiplatelets within 12 months and 58.5% (n = 2704) discontinued them within 24 months. The remaining 41.5% (n = 1917) continued them for 24 months or more. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, initiating treatment with aspirin monotherapy [adjusted OR (aOR), 2.66, 95% CI 2.17–3.25] was the most prominent determinant of premature discontinuation within 12 months followed by CCI score ≥ 6 (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.31–1.98), and beginning treatment with clopidogrel monotherapy (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15–1.72). Rural residency (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14–1.62), < 4 total prescribed drugs (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.47), lower income (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.40 for middle income class and OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.45 for low income class), and ages ≥70 years (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.31) were also significantly associated with premature discontinuation of antiplatelets within 12 months.

Conclusions

The prevalence of premature discontinuation of antiplatelets after ischemic stroke was quite high. Thus, by understanding factors associated with premature discontinuation, a more strategic approach is required for the physicians to improve persistence with antiplatelets.
Longitudinal measurement invariance in urbanization index of Chinese communities across 2000 and 2015: a Bayesian approximate measurement invariance approach
Authors: Fong Ted C. T. , Ho Rainbow T. H.
Published: September 2021

Background

The Urbanicity Scale was developed based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to measure the urbanization index of communities according to 12 components. The present study was designed to systematically investigate the factorial validity, reliability, and longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) of the Urbanicity Scale.

Methods

Six waves of CHNS data from 2000 to 2015 were adopted. The factor structure and reliability of the Urbanicity Scale for 301 communities were examined using Bayesian exploratory factor analysis. Metric and scalar LMIs were evaluated using both the conventional exact and a novel approximate LMI approach via Bayesian structural equation modeling across various timeframes.

Results

The findings verified the one-factor structure for the Urbanicity Scale, with adequate reliability. LMI was established for the Urbanicity Scale only over a shorter timeframe from 2006 to 2009 but not over a longer timeframe from 2000 to 2015. Partial LMI was found in the factor loadings and item intercepts for the Urbanicity Scale over the 2004 to 2011 period.

Conclusion

Interpretation of the temporal change in urbanicity was supported only for a shorter (2006 to 2009) but not a longer timeframe (2000 to 2015). Adjustments addressing the partial non-invariance of the measurement parameters are needed for the analysis of temporal changes in urbanicity between 2004 and 2011.
Hepatitis e prevalence, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures among secondary school adolescents in rural Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mbachu Chioma Ngozichukwu Pauline , Ebenebe Joy Chinelo , Okpara Henry Chima , Chukwuka John Onuora , Mbachu Ikechukwu Innocent , Elo-Ilo Jacinta Chinyere , Ndukwu Chizalu Ifeyinwa , Egbuonu Ifeoma
Published: September 2021

Background

Currently, there is a paucity of data on the knowledge and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection in Nigerian populations. This study provided data on the prevalence, knowledge and practices of prevention in an adolescent population from Nigeria.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months among rural Nigerian secondary school adolescents. An interviewer-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic profile, knowledge, and practice of preventive measures for Hepatitis E infection. Blood samples collected from participants were analysed for Hepatitis E IgG using Elisa Kits (Sigma Diagnostics, USA). Data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.0. Tests of association were done with a level of significance set at 5%.

Results

A total of 9 out of the 414 participants tested positive for Hepatitis E IgG antibodies giving a prevalence of 2.2%. Significant factors for Hepatitis E infection were male gender {P = 0.004} and school {P < 0.001, however logistic regression gave infinite value. Most participants (98.6%) had poor knowledge of Hepatitis E infection, 239(57.7%) had good preventive practices, while 175(42.3%) had average preventive practices.

Conclusion

A low prevalence of HEV infection was recorded among study participants. There was poor knowledge of Hepatitis E, and association could not be established between HEV infection and individual preventive practices.
The secret life of young adolescents living with HIV in northern Mozambique - a mixed methods study
Authors: Falcão Joana , Zerbe Allison , Mellins Claude Ann , Mantell Joanne , Brittain Kirsty , Kapogiannis Bill , de Gusmao Eduarda Pimentel , Simione Teresa Beatriz , Abrams Elaine J.
Published: September 2021

Background

In Mozambique, HIV infection remains a leading cause of adolescent mortality. With advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), the population of adolescents living with vertically-acquired HIV is growing. Most studies of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) focus on older youth with horizontal infection. As part of a larger study, we examined the characteristics and health care needs of younger ALHIV, including those with vertically-acquired infection to inform preventive interventions.

Methods

We used a convergent mixed-methods design and recruited ALHIV aged 12–14 years who were enrolled in HIV care in three health clinics in Nampula, Mozambique. From 11/2019–3/2020, we conducted 61 quantitative surveys and 14 in-depth interviews with a purposively selected subset of ALHIV who were aware of their HIV status. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for quantitative data. Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

The median age of ALHIV was 13 years, 50% were female, 67% lived with ≥1 parent, 70% had lost a parent, 100% were in school; 10% were in a relationship, and 3% had initiated sexual activity. Among 31 ALHIV aware of their serostatus, the median age of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation was 8 years (IQR: 6–11); 55% received caregiver support for ART management; 35% reported missing ≥1 ART dose in the last 30 days; 6% had disclosed their HIV-status to friends and 48% reported no one to talk to about HIV-specific issues. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews with ALHIV: a) learning one’s HIV-positive status as the beginning of a secret life; b) importance of caregivers’ support for ART management; c) high value of ALHIV peer support to overcome isolation, increase HIV literacy, and support adherence; and d) unmet needs for sexual and reproductive health education.

Conclusion

HIV-related secrecy prevails among ALHIV, a situation exacerbated by caregivers and healthcare providers. Caregivers play a major role in supporting adherence among young ALHIV, yet ALHIV could also benefit from adolescent-friendly services, including peer support, sexual and reproductive health services and preparation for independent health management. Integrating such programs into ART services in Mozambique may be critical to promoting ALHIV health.
Antimicrobial stewardship: Assessment of knowledge, awareness of antimicrobial resistance and appropriate antibiotic use among healthcare students in a Nigerian University
Authors: Akande-Sholabi Wuraola , Ajamu Amen T.
Published: September 2021

Background

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Inadequate knowledge about AMR among healthcare students could affect their practice of antimicrobial stewardship as future healthcare professionals. This study aims to assess the use of antibiotics and knowledge of AMR among future healthcare professionals of a Nigerian University.

Methods

Respondents’ knowledge of antimicrobial resistance, use of antibiotics, and source of antibiotics in the past 12 months was explored using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables and respondents’ knowledge.

Results

Of the 939 questionnaires administered to the students, 866 were filled given a response rate of 92.2 %. A total of (765; 88.3 %) of the respondents were aware that antimicrobial resistance makes it harder to eliminate the infection from the body as existing drugs become less effective. In all 824, (95.2 %) of the respondents had use antibiotics in the past 12 months. The use of antibiotics to treat malaria was self-reported by (175; 21.2 %). About half (432; 52.4 %) purchased the antibiotics from community pharmacies, while others obtained their antibiotics from the hospitals (192; 23.3 %), patent medicine stores (150; 18.2 %), and friends and family (50; 6.1 %) in the last 12 months. In all 506, (58.4 %) had good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. Logistic regression shows that students in 3rd to 6th year 9.29 [AOR = 9.29, 95 % CI: (3.7–22.96)], had greater knowledge of antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions

The healthcare students demonstrated a moderate knowledge of AMR. This underscores the need to adopt several educational tactics to introduce the concepts of AMR to the students and ensure there are strict policies to regulate the flow of antibiotics.
Comparison of the impact of allelic polymorphisms in PfAMA1 on the induction of T Cell responses in high and low malaria endemic communities in Ghana
Authors: Ofori Ebenezer A. , Tetteh John K. A. , Frimpong Augustina , Ganeshan Harini , Belmonte Maria , Peters Bjoern , Villasante Eileen , Sedegah Martha , Ofori Michael F. , Kusi Kwadwo A.
Published: September 2021

Background

Malaria eradication requires a combined effort involving all available control tools, and these efforts would be complemented by an effective vaccine. The antigen targets of immune responses may show polymorphisms that can undermine their recognition by immune effectors and hence render vaccines based on antigens from a single parasite variant ineffective against other variants. This study compared the influence of allelic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1) peptide sequences from three strains of P. falciparum (3D7, 7G8 and FVO) on their function as immunodominant targets of T cell responses in high and low malaria transmission communities in Ghana.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 subjects from a high transmission area (Obom) and 10 subjects from a low transmission area (Legon) were tested against 15 predicted CD8 + T cell minimal epitopes within the PfAMA1 antigen of multiple parasite strains using IFN-γ ELISpot assay. The peptides were also tested in similar assays against CD8 + enriched PBMC fractions from the same subjects in an effort to characterize the responding T cell subsets.

Results

In assays using unfractionated PBMCs, two subjects from the high transmission area, Obom, responded positively to four (26.7%) of the 15 tested peptides. None of the Legon subject PBMCs yielded positive peptide responses using unfractionated PBMCs. In assays with CD8 + enriched PBMCs, three subjects from Obom made positive recall responses to six (40%) of the 15 tested peptides, while only one subject from Legon made a positive recall response to a single peptide. Overall, 5 of the 20 study subjects who had positive peptide-specific IFN-γ recall responses were from the high transmission area, Obom. Furthermore, while subjects from Obom responded to peptides in PfAMA1 from multiple parasite strains, one subject from Legon responded to a peptide from 3D7 strain only.

Conclusions

The current data demonstrate the possibility of a real effect of PfAMA1 polymorphisms on the induction of T cell responses in malaria exposed subjects, and this effect may be more pronounced in communities with higher parasite exposure.
Hsa_circ_0004712 downregulation attenuates ovarian cancer malignant development by targeting the miR-331-3p/FZD4 pathway
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Jiang Jinchi , Guo Shuaishuai
Published: September 2021

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are gradually reported to be implicated in the development of malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer (OC). This paper intended to explore the function and action mechanism of hsa_circ_0004712 in OC.

Results

In our results, hsa_circ_0004712 was aberrantly overexpressed in OC tissues and cells. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0004712 impaired OC cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration, and accelerated apoptosis. Hsa_circ_0004712 directly targeted miR-331-3p whose inhibitors reversed the effects of hsa_circ_0004712 downregulation. FZD4 was targeted by miR-331-3p, and hsa_circ_0004712 could positively regulated FZD4 expression by targeting miR-331-3p. The anti-tumor effects of miR-331-3p restoration were reversed by FZD4 overexpression. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0004712 also impaired tumor development in vivo by regulating miR-331-3p and FZD4.

Conclusion

In conclusion, hsa_circ_0004712 deficiency repressed OC development by mediating the miR-331-3p/FZD4 pathway, predicting that hsa_circ_0004712 was a promising biomarker for OC diagnosis and therapy.
Impact of Augmented Intelligence on Utilization of Palliative Care Services in a Real-World Oncology Setting
Authors: Gajra Ajeet , Zettler Marjorie E. , Miller Kelly A. , Frownfelter John G. , Showalter John , Valley Amy W. , Sharma Sanya , Sridharan Shreenath , Kish Jonathan K. , Blau Sibel
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:

For patients with advanced cancer, timely referral to palliative care (PC) services can ensure that end-of-life care aligns with their preferences and goals. Overestimation of life expectancy may result in underutilization of PC services, counterproductive treatment measures, and reduced quality of life for patients. We assessed the impact of a commercially available augmented intelligence (AI) tool to predict 30-day mortality risk on PC service utilization in a real-world setting.

METHODS:

Patients within a large hematology-oncology practice were scored weekly between June 2018 and October 2019 with an AI tool to generate insights into short-term mortality risk. Patients identified by the tool as being at high or medium risk were assessed for a supportive care visit and further referred as appropriate. Average monthly rates of PC and hospice referrals were calculated 5 months predeployment and 17 months postdeployment of the tool in the practice.

RESULTS:

The mean rate of PC consults increased from 17.3 to 29.1 per 1,000 patients per month (PPM) pre- and postdeployment, whereas the mean rate of hospice referrals increased from 0.2 to 1.6 per 1,000 PPM. Eliminating the first 6 months following deployment to account for user learning curve, the mean rate of PC consults nearly doubled over baseline to 33.0 and hospice referrals increased 12-fold to 2.4 PPM.

CONCLUSION:

Deployment of an AI tool at a hematology-oncology practice was found to be feasible for identifying patients at high or medium risk for short-term mortality. Insights generated by the tool drove clinical practice changes, resulting in significant increases in PC and hospice referrals.
Rupture of an acute ascending aortic dissection causing right pulmonary artery occlusion
Authors: Karia Priyesh , Quddus Ayyaz , Nayagam Kesavan , Lazoura Olga
Published: September 2021

Rupture of ascending thoracic aortic dissection mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism due to pulmonary artery occlusion is rare and should be considered in hypoxic patients with aortic dissection.
Pediatric breast lymphatic malformation with recurrent presentation in an adolescent female
Authors: Kaye Rachel , Leddy Rebecca
Published: September 2021

This case report summarizes a rare case of left chest wall/breast lymphatic malformation or cystic lymphangioma in a female child of 18 months with multiple late recurrences in adolescence. By maternal history, the mass was excised initially, but the patient presented at age 15 and 17 years for recurrences and associated symptoms. Comments focus on a complex clinical history and treatment management of patient symptoms and concerns. Breast sparing treatments were employed with sclerotherapy and the T lymphocyte inhibitor, Sirolimus (Rapamune).
Partial thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum – a malignancy mimicker
Authors: Baraças Catarina Ala , Pinto Jorge , Tavares Maria Catarina
Published: September 2021

Partial thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum is a rare condition, typically seen in young patients. Etiology, physiopathology and treatment are still not entirely understood.

The authors report a case of a 49-year-old male with gastric cancer, who successfully treated a thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum conservatively. Diagnostic considerations and treatment options are discussed.