bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of reporting guidelines for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homeopathy Research
Authors: Ng Jeremy Y. , Nesari Tanuja Manoj
Published: December 2024

As research within Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) continues to expand, there is an increasing need for standardized reporting guidelines to ensure the clarity, replicability, and utility of research findings. This editorial discusses the unique challenges that AYUSH research faces in aligning with existing health research standards and highlights the benefits of tailored reporting guidelines. Reporting guidelines can improve the transparency and consistency of AYUSH studies, facilitating their inclusion in systematic reviews and supporting informed clinical and policy decision-making. We outline key steps in developing AYUSH-specific guidelines, including stakeholder engagement, an adaptation of existing frameworks, and pilot testing, to foster methodological rigor and support the integration of AYUSH research into broader scientific discourse. Establishing structured reporting guidelines will enhance the credibility of evidence-based AYUSH research and ensure its contributions are accessible and meaningful within the global healthcare landscape.
Morphometric and Histological Changes of the Placenta in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Nayak Jyothi N. , Sunitha B. , Rajilarajendran Hannahsugirthabai
Published: December 2024

The placenta is the discoid foeto-maternal organ which maintains pregnancy and promotes normal foetal development. The human placenta is a hemo-chorial placenta where the maternal blood directly comes in contact with the foetal trophoblast. Functions of placenta include gas exchange, metabolic transfer, hormone secretion and foetal protection. Hypertension is a common complication of pregnancy which significantly contributes to the perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. 5 % to 8% of all maternal deaths are due to hypertension during pregnancy. Complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are reflected in the placenta in a significant way both macroscopically and microscopically. Study of placenta is useful in understanding the pathophysiology of the placenta. Previous studies on preeclamptic placentae revealed a significant decrease in morphological parameters like weight, diameter, thickness, surface area, volume, and cotyledon number. Various histological changes like increased syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic proliferation, fibrinoid necrosis, stromal fibrosis, and calcification were also noted in the placenta from preeclamptic cases. The changes in placental structure and function can have significant implications for the well-being and development of the fetus. This review gives an overview of both morphological and histological changes of placentae in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
An Atypical Case of Intracardiac Myxoma Fed by Extracardiac Arteries
Authors: Coşgun Zeliha , Filiz Süleyman
Published: December 2024

Myxoma is the most common type of primary benign heart tumor and is usually easily identified by echocardiography. Tumor vascularity is a rare finding in atrial myxomas and reported cases of the right atrial myxomas most frequently involve feeding vessels from the right coronary artery or, less frequently, from both coronary arteries. In this case report, an echocardiographic examination of a 74-year-old male, who was admitted to hospital with chest pain revealed an echogenic solid mass in the right atrium. A coronary angiography showed an arteriocavity fistula connecting the feeding artery to the cardiac chamber. In the computed tomography angiography examination performed, a mass was observed with intense vascularity, containing feeding vessels from the left circumflex artery, the right inferior phrenic artery, and the left hepatic artery; calcifications in the right atrium were also present. The mass was completely and successfully resected. Pathology results of the mass were compatible with cardiac myxoma. This was an atypical case of a right atrial myxoma due to the presence of intense vascularization and the feed from the cardiac and extracardiac arteries.
Additional Tendinous Slips of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis of Hand: A Case Study
Authors: Meend Sonia , Yadav Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Two primary muscles of the forearm of extensor group are located on the radial side of the wrist, named as the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) muscle and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle. At the musculotendinous junction, the ECRL and ECRB travel deep to the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus muscles and tendons in the hand. The ECRB is covered by the ECRL as it courses distally. An additional tendon slip of the ECRL and from ECRB, respectively, was discovered during dissection of the forearm’s extensor compartment and dorsum of the hand with the cadaver in the supine position. The intermedius tendinous slip from ECRL to ECRB originates from the lateral side of ECRL and gets inserted within the same tendinous sheath of the tendon of ECRB, similarly, tendinous slip from ECRB to ECRL originates from the side of ECRB, cross the intermedius slip of ECRL superficially and gets inserted on the base of second metacarpal bone with the tendon of ECRL.
Morphometric Study of Bicipital Groove in Dry Adult Human Cadaveric Humerus in Indian Population
Authors: Khanna Kesar , Nafees Hina , Usmani Dilshad Ahmad , Jain Sanjeev Kumar , Sharma Sonika
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

An important anatomical feature on the ventral surface of the proximal section of the humerus is the “bicipital groove” (BG). Understanding the functional importance of the shoulder area requires a thorough understanding of the morphometric research of the bicipital groove. It is regarded as a significant turning point for humeral head replacement and shoulder prosthesis. The current study aims to investigate the bicipital groove’s morphometry and show how variations in its parameters affect the way the surrounding structures operate.

Objectives:

Primary objective is to determine various morphometric parameters of bicipital groove and to calculate the medial and lateral angles of the dry humerus’s bicipital groove. We also evaluate the anthropometric differences between intertubercular sulcus of the right side and the left side of humerus.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out at the Anatomy Department of TMMC and RC, TMU, Moradabad, and was descriptive in nature. Forty-one dried adult cadaveric humerus bones (19 Rt. Humerus, 22 Lt. Humerus) were used in the study. The bicipital groove’s breadth and length as well as the medial and lateral wall angles were measured. It was noted that Meyers Ridge was present. A suitable test for statistics was used.

Results:

The biciptal groove measured 78.35 ± 4.5 mm on the right side and 78.21 ± 7.2 mm on the left. The calculated width of the same was 9.13 ± 1.1 mm on the left and 10.11 ± 1.2 mm on the right. The bicipital groove measured in this study has a depth of 5.39 ± 1.0 mm on the right side and 5.30 ± 1.0 mm on the left. The median wall angle of the right humerus measured 46.58 ± 6.5, whereas the left humerus measured 47 ± 5.8. The bicipital groove measurements for the right and left sides were 48.89 ± 5.8 and 49 ± 4.7, respectively, in terms of their lateral wall angles. The frequency of Meyer’s supratubercular ridge on the right side of the humerus was determined to be 15.8%.

Conclusion:

The differences in the morphometry of the bicipital groove have been verified by this investigation. In the Indian population, these grooves were found to be slightly deeper and wider. Anatomists, orthopedic surgeons, and others who fabricate prosthesis based on native Indian bone measurements would greatly benefit from the data collected.
Gender- and Age-based Measurement of Morphometric Parameters around the Hip Joint: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Makdoomi Mohd. Arif , Shahdaad Shaheen , Khan Javeed Ahmad , Bhat Ghulam Mohammad , Hakeem R Aijaz Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Morphometric parameters of structures around the hip joint are essential for surgeries around the area. The present study aimed to determine the mean values of the distance between the tip of the greater trochanter to the superior edge of the acetabulum and the mean values of medial femoral offset.

Materials and Methods:

Normal plain radiographs (anteroposterior view) of the pelvis with bilateral hip joints of 200 people between 20 and 50 years of age were used for the study. The X-rays were from (a) Patients complaining of Lower back ache or pain in the hip, who had no joint pathology based on radiological examination, (b) Patients of age group 20–50 years, and (c) Patients without any deformity of the hip joint.

Results:

The mean distance values between the tip of the greater trochanter to the superior margin of the acetabulum in females in 100 X-rays on the right side was 23.34 ± 1.25 mm, and on the left side, it was 23.04 ± 1.58 mm. In males, the mean value of this parameter in 100 X-rays on the right side was 25.83 ± 1.65 mm; on the left side, it was 25.31 ± 1.39 mm. All the above findings were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean values of medial femoral offset on the right side in females in 100 X-rays were 35.27 ± 2.22 mm; on the left, it was 35.01 ± 2.19 mm. In males, the mean value of this parameter in 100 X-rays on the right side was 38.62 ± 3.26 mm; on the left side, it was 36.52 ± 3.16 mm. All the above findings were statistically significant with P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

The results calculated provide essential information about gender, age, and side variations of the mean values of the distance between the tip of the greater trochanter to the superior edge of the acetabulum and the mean values of medial femoral offset for anatomists, radiologists, and orthopedic surgeons.
A Clinicoanatomical Study of Perforators of the Posterior Tibial Artery in Distal One-third of the Leg
Authors: Anjum Saba , Chopra Jyoti , Tomar Sushma , Diwan Rakesh Kumar , Mishra Brijesh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The posterior tibial artery (PTA) is the terminal branch of the popliteal artery. PTA flap has gained widespread clinical importance in reconstructive surgeries. Perforator flap procedures will be complicated without thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the underlying vasculature. Various areas of the body can be used to develop different types of flaps that can be used effectively to increase the survival of the flaps and thereby minimize morbidity and the quality of life the patients.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on 29 lower limbs of 15 adult fresh frozen cadavers. There were 9 males and 6 females who voluntarily donated their bodies to the Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow. Latex mixed with red paint was injected into the femoral artery. We measured the diameter, length, and distance of the perforator of PTA from the medial tibial border (MTB) and medial malleolus (MM) in the distal one-third of the leg.

Results:

The mean distance of all septocutaneous perforators from MTB and MM was 25.6 ± 2.4 mm and 72.6 ± 27.1 mm, respectively. The mean length and diameter of the perforator were 16.6 ± 4.4 mm and 0.64 ± 0.11 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:

The best flaps can be harvested from the distal one-third of the leg as it has a large piece of the skin and a long pedicle. Hence, for designing these flaps, the knowledge regarding location, type, length and caliber of the perforator as well as the area of skin it is supplied by it is mandatory.
The Impact of Tri (2-ethylhexyl) Trimellitate on Renal Functions in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Rajpoot Ayesha Zafar , Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Iqbal Fatima , Rameez Rubab , Anis Tayyaba , Shahid Ayesha , Ali Shazia , Mumtaz Hassan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Globally, there is a growing concern over the excessive use of plasticizers and their hazardous effects on human’s organs particularly kidney.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aims to determine the effects of TOTM on renal functions so it may get used in medical equipment, toys, and food packaging with full knowledge regarding its repercussions. The objective is to determine the levels of serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C and endothelial nitric oxide synthase of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to different doses of TOTM to reach viable results.

Materials and Methods:

A total number of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Each group comprised of 10 male rats divided as one control group (I) given normal saline with rat pellets, group II 300 mg/kg/day of TOTM and group III 1000 mg/kg/day TOTM in the form of rat pellets. Rats of experimental groups II and III were given TOTM with doses of 300 mg/kg/day and 1000mg/kg /day throughout the experiment via oral route for about four weeks.

Results:

The result showed an increase in serum urea, creatine and cystatin C level in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusion:

The study finds an association between exposure to TOTM plasticizer on renal function in proportion to dose.
A qualitative study to explain the determinants of naswār consumption from the point of view of its consumers
Authors: Bazrafshan Mohammad-Rafi , Mansouri Amir , Masmouei Behnam , Niknam Noureddin , Zahedi Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

One of the health problems related to tobacco that is increasing in society is the consumption of naswār. This study aimed to investigate the determinants of naswār consumption from the point of view of its consumers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this qualitative study, 47 men with an age range of 23- 54 years who consumed naswār from the southern cities of Fars province in Iran were selected and interviewed. These participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods, and data was collected using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using the conventional approach of qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS:

Three main categories were extracted: (1) Individual factors and beliefs related to naswār consumption (Non-addictive, similar and replacement with smoking, Not causing confusion, Being relaxing and enjoyable, increasing the effect of using other substances, reducing fatigue, causing body aches due to lack of use, having long effect, not causing physical problems, not causing weakness, having fast effect, increasing energy to work), (2) Environmental factors (being available, Having the low price, being consumed anywhere, being easy to store and carry, Not understanding others), and (3) Social factors (as a hobby, lack of entertainment, relatives and friends of the consumer, lack of ban on the consumption of naswār, lack of family opposition).

CONCLUSION:

As the results showed, there are many reasons for consuming naswār based on individual, environmental, and social factors. Formulation of laws, health policies, and education can be effective in adopting strategies to prevent and control the consumption of naswār.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the ethical conflict assessment instrument in nursing: A mixed-method protocol study
Authors: Falahati Ebrahim , Alavi Mousa , Shahriari Mohsen
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ethical conflict among nurses has a significant impact on their health and the quality of nursing care. The lack of specific ethical and legal signs and obstacles for reporting ethical conflict in nurses has made diagnosis and the management of its negative consequences difficult. This study aims to develop a valid, reliable, evidence-based instrument to assess the ethical conflict of nurses in the sociocultural and managerial context of Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is an exploratory mixed-method study that will be conducted using a sequential qualitative–quantitative design (QUAL → quan) consisting of four sequential phases to develop the instrument. In the first phase, a qualitative study (semistructured interview) will be conducted to explain nurses’ experiences and perceptions of ethical conflict. In the second phase, a literature review, along with textual content analysis, will be used. In the third phase, the items will be developed and the primary instrument will be designed based on the findings of the qualitative study and the literature review by a panel of experts. Finally, in the fourth phase, the psychometric properties of the Instrument, including validity (face, content, construct, and criterion validities) and reliability (internal consistency and stability) are evaluated.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of our study will enrich the description of ethical conflict in nursing and will facilitate advancing research in ethical conflict in nursing, a new but important concept in Nursing management. Thus, laying the groundwork for more targeted and effective knowledge-translation interventions in the future.
Comparing the effects of smartphone-based and face-to-face education on the quality of life and coping skills among patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baharian Elahe , Abolhassani Shahla , Najimi Arash , Ashtari Fereshteh
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The plethora of troublesome signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) reduces patients’ quality of life (QOL) and coping skills. Face-to-face (F2F) education is effective and practical as it allows for more engagement and active learning. The use of mobile health technology to enhance health is now an excellent potential to establish a more efficient health system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a self-care program using two smartphone-based education and F2F education on the QOL and coping skills of people with MS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research study was a clinical trial enrolling 60 patients with MS in a hospital in Iran. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29) questionnaire and the Multiple Sclerosis Coping Questionnaire (MSCQ) scale were employed to assess the QOL and coping skills, respectively. The training sessions were provided in the form of F2F sessions and an application installed on patients’ mobile phones in the smartphone-based education group. Independent-samples t-test, paired-samples t-test, and chi-square were employed to analyze data via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.

RESULTS:

The results indicated that both F2F and smartphone-based education groups had a significant impact on their mean scores of the QOL (P < 0.001) and coping skills (P < 0.001) pre- and post-intervention. However, there was no significant difference seen between the two educational groups of the QOL (P = 0.23) and coping skills (P = 0.06) post-intervention.

DISCUSSION:

A comparison of the two groups revealed that both educational methods had the same effect on coping skills and QOL in MS patients. Thus, it can be stated that smartphone-based education can be a good alternative to traditional patient education.
An analysis of causal relationships among the factors affecting the academic performance of students at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Salehi Leili , Shirazi Mandana , Safarnavadeh Maryam , Mahmoodi Zohreh
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

University graduates are leaders, great human resources, and responsible for the economic and social development of every country. The present study aimed at evaluating the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between stress and effort–reward imbalance (E.R.I) and the students’ academic performance (AP) at the Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:

This descriptive-analytical study of the structural equation type was conducted on the 530 students studying at Alborz University of Medical Sciences during 2021–2022. The multistage sampling method was employed, as the faculties were determined in the first stage and random sampling was done in the second stage. The data were collected using the electronic questionnaires of self-efficacy, effort–reward imbalance, and academic stress, entered into SPSS software, and analyzed after checking for normality. Lisrel 8.8 software was used for structural equation modeling (SEM) and assessing the study hypotheses. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:

The results indicated that the conceptual model had a good model fit index. Academic self-efficacy had a positive and significant causal relationship with academic performance in only one path (β = 0.25). Academic stress had a significant and negative causal relationship with academic performance from both direct (β = 0.16) and indirect (through self-efficacy) paths. Further, the agreement of the default model with reality was determined to be 0.76.

CONCLUSION:

Academic stress reduces academic performance and academic self-efficacy increases academic performance. There is no relationship between effort–reward imbalance and academic performance.
The impact of self-care training using the teach-back method on health anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Barati Mansoreh , Amouzeshi Zahra , Nikraftar Fahimeh
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent heart disease and a leading cause of death among both men and women. It is worth noting that anxiety is highly prevalent among patients with CAD, and it can significantly affect their overall performance and well-being. This study aimed to determine the impact of self-care training, specifically using the teach-back method, on health anxiety in patients with CAD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, a total of 50 patients with coronary artery disorders were selected from the coronary care unit of Rasool Hospital in Ferdows City, Iran, in 2022. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received self-care training based on the teach-back method, which consisted of three individual sessions lasting 30–45 minutes each, conducted over the course of one week. However, the control group received routine care. To collect data, the researchers utilized Salkovskis et al.’s (2002) health anxiety questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test at a significance level of P < 0.05.

RESULTS:

Most participants in the control and intervention groups were female. The mean ages of the intervention and control groups were 47.1 ± 12.83 and 48.1 ± 44.81 years, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.67). The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the total mean score (P = 0.000) and mean scores of subscales of health anxiety (awareness of bodily sensations or changes (P = 0.001), feared consequences of having an illness (P = 0.001), and worry about health (P = 0.008)) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The self-care training based on the teach-back method reduced health anxiety in patients with CAD. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate the teach-back method as an educational approach by nursing team to effectively reduce health anxiety in patients with CAD.
Talent identification and succession planning strategies for the appointment of nursing unit managers: A systematic review
Authors: Kamali Azam , Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba , Alimohammadzadeh Khalil , Khamseh Ali Hassan Shaban
Published: December 2024

Talent acquisition and succession planning are critical to the appointment of nursing managers to ensure high-quality leadership and improved outcomes in healthcare organizations. This review was carried out with the aim of systematically reviewing the literature on talent identification and succession methods for the appointment of nursing unit managers in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). In this study, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool. Moreover, data extraction and synthesis were conducted to summarize the results of included studies. A total of 11 studies were included in this systematic review. The studies selected for this review were interventional (n = 7) and review studies (n = 4). The findings of this review demonstrated that the most important of talent acquisition and succession planning strategies included competency assessment, leadership development programs, coaching programs, and performance evaluation. The strategies are effective in identifying and developing managers of nursing units with high potential. Health policy and health promotion benchmarks emphasize the importance of ensuring a skilled workforce in healthcare settings to provide high-quality care to patients. By implementing talent acquisition and succession planning strategies, healthcare organizations can develop the next generation of nursing unit managers, which will ultimately lead to increased patient satisfaction and improved health outcomes.
Effectiveness of educational interventions for improving rabies prevention in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Janeaim Nopphadol , Suwanwong Charin , Prasittichok Pitchada , Mohan Kanu Priya , Hudrudchai Suchitra
Published: December 2024

Rabies poses a significant global health threat, particularly to school-age children through dog bites. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of educational interventions for improving rabies prevention among children. In this review, a comprehensive search was conducted across several electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Thai Citation Index) to identify relevant articles published between 2014 and 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. Data on intervention characteristics, outcomes measures, and findings were extracted. The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Of 788 articles, 11 met inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated the efficacy of educational interventions in increasing rabies knowledge, perceived vulnerability to rabies, and rabies preventive behaviors. Additionally, there was evidence suggesting that educational interventions related to rabies and safety information around dogs may be more effective in improving rabies knowledge and perceived vulnerability to rabies among experimental groups compared with control groups. However, this did not significantly improve rabies prevention behaviors. These findings highlighted the imperative for targeted, well-designed educational strategies, collaboratively delivered with educators, to ensure a sustained impact, especially among vulnerable populations such as school-age children.
Bibliometric analysis of teen pregnancy research in Asia-Africa: Explore the future scope
Authors: Nugraheny Esti , Paramashanti Bunga A , Ambarwati Eny R , Yanti Yanti , Ocktariyana Ocktariyana , Sunarsih Tri , Wiyanti Zulvi , Ashar Hadi
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Adolescent pregnancy is prevalent in Asian-African countries. Hence, it is critical to track the progress of research and development trends related to the topic. The study aimed to characterize published articles on teen pregnancy by measuring the authors’ country and affiliation, most relevant and cited journals, thematic research, and growth trends.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Descriptive statistics and retrospective bibliometric analysis were used. Using the Scopus database, we collected published articles from 2010 to 2023. Titles and abstracts were screened. Eligible papers were reviewed based on co-occurrence analysis. Classification and visualization of results were conducted using VOSviewer software version 1.6.17.

RESULTS:

A total of 369 articles were relevant and included in the review. The countries that produced the most publications were South Africa and the United States. The most relevant affiliation was with the University of Cape Town, the University of the Witwatersrand, and the University of Kwazulu-Natal. The most relevant source journals were PLOS One, Reproductive Health, and BMC Public Health. The most cited sources were Lancet, PLOS One, and AIDS Journal. Four clusters were obtained that reflect the main topics, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, child, health services, and pregnancy. The current research terms include HIV infection and maternal health services.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests more research on the term “vertical transmission, breastfeeding, and partner violence” related to teen pregnancy. In addition, this research will inspire researchers and adolescent health policymakers to expand the scope of research to solve teenage pregnancy problems based on interdisciplinary theories and methods.
The strategic synergy of educational psychology and managerial practices for the efficient development of educational institutions
Authors: Khennou Khaoula , Touri Bouzekri
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

The mental health of the educational community is a crucial aspect that needs to be addressed. In this context, educational psychology is an important lever in all areas, particularly in educational management. The main aim of this study is to determine the significance between educational psychology and educational managerial aspects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A quantitative approach, grounded in a non-experimental and correlational investigation. We focused on variables that constitute particular facets of educational management in synergy with educational psychology. The sample was based on 96 qualifying secondary school principals in the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. Data collection was based on school principals’ responses to a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 29 software, with an overall significance of 62.5% for the correlations processed. Our study is recent and topical, as it took place in 2023.

RESULTS:

The results reveal a significant relationship between the educational psychology variable and the stress management aspect variable, with an effect size of 25.8%, as well as with the human resources management aspect, with an effect size of 23.4%, and also a large effect size of 32.1% with the adaptation to change aspect. Among other things, a significant effect size of 45.8% was noted between the educational psychology variable and the school climate aspect. Finally, the relationship between the dependent educational psychology variable and the independent continuing education variable showed a significant effect size of 25.1%.

CONCLUSIONS:

It is essential to emphasize the importance of combining managerial aspects and educational psychology to promote mental health and optimize the functioning of schools and the performance of education systems in general.
Tropical Fever: Always a Diagnostic Dilemma Presenting to a Tertiary Care Center in North India
Authors: Haq Shamsul , Bhat Sanjay , Singh Supinder
Published: December 2024

Background:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and serological profiles of patients with tropical fever treated at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:

This was a prospective and observational study, done from July 2023 to January 2024. Patients with documented fever (T > 100°F), nonlocalizing, and who were >18 years of age were taken. They were managed on the outpatient department basis or followed up during the hospital stay. Details were recorded, after obtaining written informed consent from the patients.

Results:

Eighty patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients at the presentation was 41.7 years, ranging from 18 to 73 years. Dengue (37.5%, 30/80) was the major etiology with malaria (2.5%, 2/80) being the least, and a significant proportion – 37.5% had negative serology results. The clinical findings in patients revealed severe additive arthritis as the most common condition, observed in 70% of cases (56/80), while the least common finding was lymphadenopathy, present in 5% of cases (4/80). Other notable findings were rash (27.5%, 22/80) mostly maculopapular; onset was on the 4th day on average after fever. There was not one episode of bleeding, although a significant proportion of the population had thrombocytopenia (51.25%, 51/80). Liver function tests were deranged in 37.5% (30/80) which were defined by more than three times increase. Creatinine was largely normal with minimal elevations, average 0.9 (range: 0.5–2.4). All patients survived with no death reported during the course of the study.

Conclusions:

Significant cases have indeterminate etiology, and severe additive arthritis is a common presentation in much higher cases than previously seen. The cause remains unknown and further studies are needed to elucidate it.
Systematic Literature Review: The Effects of Bullying on Students
Authors: Zahrani Yousef
Published: December 2024

Bullying in all educational institutions is a significant public health problem. It is characterized by the intention to harm someone physically or emotionally. Bullying adversely affects students’ academic performance, mental and physical health, and social well-being. This was a systematic literature review. This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize the effects of bullying on students’ academic performance, physical health, mental health, and social outcomes. The PRISMA framework was used to guide the review process, and an inclusive search of the review included studies from PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and ERIC, published between January 2010 and January 2023. The search strategy used the combinations of keywords, including “bullying,” “students,” “effects,” “academic performance,” “mental health,” “physical health,” and “social outcomes.” Across databases identified 1250 articles, of which 74 met the eligibility Criteria Studies focusing on the effects of bullying on students were included if they were peer-reviewed, conducted in primary, secondary, or high school settings, and provided clear outcome measures related to bullying effects. Nonpeer-reviewed articles, studies without outcome measures, and non-English publications were excluded. A formal assessment of bias in the included studies was not conducted. A total of 74 studies were included, categorizing the effects of bullying into academic performance, physical health, mental health, and social outcomes. Victims of bullying exhibited decreased academic engagement, lower grades, increased absenteeism, and a higher risk of long-term academic underperformance. Physical health effects included somatic complaints such as headaches, stomach-aches, and chronic stress. Mental health effects were profound, with victims showing increased anxiety, depression, and a risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Social outcomes included difficulties in forming relationships and social withdrawal. The evidence highlights the multidimensional impact of bullying across academic, physical, mental, and social domains. However, limitations included potential biases in self-reported data and a lack of representation from diverse cultural contexts.
Clinical Management and Outcomes of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 75-year-old Male Patient: A Case Study
Authors: Assiri Khalil Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare neurological condition, with an annual incidence estimated at approximately 4–5 cases per 100,000 people. It predominantly affects individuals over the age of 50 years and is more common in women. The etiology of TN often involves compression of the trigeminal nerve by adjacent blood vessels, leading to demyelination and hyperactivity of nerve fibers. This vascular compression is associated with classical TN, which accounts for about 90% of cases. Secondary TN, on the other hand, is linked to identifiable conditions such as multiple sclerosis or tumors that impact the nerve, presenting more often in younger patients. This case report discusses a 75-year-old male patient who presented with episodic pain localized to the left maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve. The pain was provoked by daily activities such as face washing and did not respond to nonspecific treatments. Following clinical evaluation and a brain magnetic resonance imaging that excluded secondary causes, a primary TN diagnosis was confirmed. The patient was treated with carbamazepine, starting at 200 mg BID, with titration leading to sustained relief of symptoms over subsequent months. This highlights the efficacy of appropriate pharmacological management.
Prevalence of Retro-renal Colon on Abdominal Computed Tomography Scan and Its Correlations with the Age and Gender for Saudi Arabia in Najran Region
Authors: Moalwi Adel , Satte Mahmoud Sheikh-Mohammed , Alhamami Salihah Ahmed , Alqahtani Mansour M. , Ali Ahmed Issam
Published: December 2024

Background:

Previous studies have reported the incidence of the retro-renal colon (RRC) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans and have helped physicians avoid medical complications that may result from the presence of the colon posterior to the right and left kidneys during percutaneous renal procedures.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the incidence and clinical correlation of RRC in Saudi Arabian patients.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive observational study was conducted at a hospital between January 2020 and February 2024. We examined abdominal CT scans of patients with various conditions in the supine position. As described in a previous study, a horizontal line was drawn through the posterior boundary of each kidney if the colon went beyond the line; it was classified as an RRC.

Results:

A total of 384 patients (225 males and 159 females) who underwent abdominal CT for several medical reasons were included in the study. The ages of the patients vary between 11 and 110 years old, with a mean of 45.04 ± 19.51 years. Among 384 participants, 58 (15.1%) individuals had an RRC: 30 (3.1%) on the right side, 40 (10.9%) on the left side, and 5 (1.2%) more patients had bilateral RRC. The correlation between age and gender identity and whether a person has or does not have RRC was not significantly different (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Percutaneous surgery is a reliable method for the treatment of kidney diseases. Because of the position of the RRC, colon damage should be considered during percutaneous renal procedures.
Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine among Female in Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Assessing Knowledge and Awareness
Authors: Alfayi Majed Saad
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cervical cancer is a major health problem for women around the world, and it is caused mainly by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine can prevent this cancer, but how much women know about the disease and the vaccine is important for getting more people vaccinated.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to look at the knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine among women in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, self-administered, cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 112 women aged 18–50 years in various cities of the Asir region. Ethical clearance was taken from the Research Ethics Committee at King Khalid University (ECM#2024-3108) prior to survey. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that covered demographics, knowledge of cervical cancer, preventive measures, and awareness of the HPV vaccine. Data were collected from September 01, 2024, to November 01, 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results:

A majority of respondents (55.4%) believed that cervical cancer was not an incurable disease, indicating a general optimism about treatment options and potential outcomes. However, the fact that 41.1% of respondents were unsure about its curability suggested a significant gap in knowledge that could lead to hesitance in pursuing treatment or preventative measures. Moreover, an overwhelming 95.5% of respondents correctly identified that cervical cancer was not contagious, reflecting a strong understanding of its noncommunicable nature. The data pointed to a critical deficiency in educational outreach, with 82.1% of respondents indicating that their schools did not provide education on HPV, its vaccinations, or methods of prevention.

Conclusions:

There is some optimism and understanding about the general nature of cervical cancer, but substantial gaps in knowledge remain, particularly concerning its curability and prevention. There is a clear need for targeted educational programs that focus on raising awareness about HPV, vaccination, and cervical cancer prevention. By improving education in schools and the broader community, as well as providing accessible information on treatment and prevention, public health initiatives can empower women to make informed decisions and ultimately reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in the region.
Efficacy of Headgear Compared with Pendulum Appliance in the Treatment of Malocclusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aljearah Mohammed Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Deciding between using pendulum appliance (PA) and headgear (HG) in patients with malocclusion (MA) is a critical one; it significantly influences treatment outcomes and patient experiences. This review explored the advantages and limitations of PA and HG in treating MA, providing valuable insights to both orthodontic professionals and patients in making informed treatment decisions. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on quantitative randomized and nonrandomized trials published between 2003 and 2015. The publications were retrieved from five electronic databases: Web of Science, Cochrane Central, PubMed, Embase, and Medline. The effectiveness of various treatment modalities in addressing MA was measured by analyzing changes in the following parameters: maxillary skeletal position (SNA), mandibular skeletal position (SNB), maxillomandibular relationship (ANB), vertical components (SN.GoGn), and soft tissue (nasolabial). The pooled results were calculated using a random effects model, and Egger’s regression and funnel plots were employed to determine publication bias. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) and five non-RCTs with a total of 304 patients were included. The pooled results revealed nonsignificant differences in SNA (mean difference ratio: −0.35, P = 0.24, I
2 = 84.58%), ANB (mean difference ratio: −0.37, P = 0.43, I
2 = 91.60%), SN.GoGn (mean difference ratio: −0.24, P = 0.11, I
2 = 0%), SNB (mean difference ratio: 0.10, P = 0.45, I
2 = 0%), and nasolabial angle (mean difference ratio: −0.06, P = 0.72, I
2 = 0%). The absence of significant differences between these treatment modalities’ impact on the measured parameters challenges conventional orthodontic knowledge and highlights the complexity of MA correction. This study underscores the importance of personalized treatment planning and emphasizes that the choice between HG and PA should be guided by individual patient needs, treatment goals, and the specific characteristics of their MA.
Destructive Midfacial Lesions: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Low-resource Setting
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Yabo Sufiyanu Umar , Olayemi Lukman Adeniran , Fawa Abubakar Sadeeq , Yaroko Ali Ango , Alani Yekini Lateef , Abubakar Jibril
Published: December 2024

Background:

Clinical conditions such as actinomycosis, midline lethal granulomatosis, and fulminant fungal infections are associated with severe mid-line orofacial tissue destruction. This study aims to present our experience in the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with the management of central orofacial destructive conditions.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of the records of 15 patients managed for mid-line orofacial destructive conditions over a period of 3 years (June 2020–July 2023). Record of demographics, history, examination, investigations, treatment, and outcome were recorded and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.

Results:

There were 10 (66.7%) males and 5 (33.3%) females in the age range of 14–62 years with a mean ± standard deviation of 34.53 ± 13.66 years. Anemia was present in 12 (80%) patients, and nine (60%) patients had normal total protein and albumin levels. Histopathological examination revealed chronic nonspecific inflammation in 14 (93.3%) patients. The majority of the patients nine (60%) were negative for fungal studies. All patients received intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone 1 g twice daily and metronidazole 500 mg 3 times daily) at presentation. Antifungal drugs (itraconazole 500 mg twice daily) were administered in six (40%) patients after positive microbiological studies. A total of eight (53.3%) patients recovered from the acute stage of the disease, four (26.7%) patients died during the course of management, and three (20%) patients absconded.

Conclusion:

Destructive midfacial conditions often present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Only eight (53.3%) of the patients in this study were diagnosed and successfully treated. Multidisciplinary approach could enhance early diagnosis and proper treatment of these conditions.
Assessment of Knowledge and Preparedness toward Bleeding Control by Bystanders in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alasmari Mansour Yousef , Alyami Saleh Yousef , Alsulaiman Hussain Mohammed , Alhashel Salem Mohammed , Alalhareth Hamza Abdullah , Alsulayyi Turki Saeed , Almansour Ali Bandar , Alsulaiman Awam Awaied , Alalhareth Mohammed Abdullah , Rafi Kishwar Paraveen
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Bleeding is the primary cause of preventable deaths in trauma cases, and the use of tourniquets greatly lowers mortality rates from extremity vascular injuries. This study seeks to evaluate the knowledge and preparedness of the general population in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia regarding bleeding control (BC), the factors influencing this, and their willingness to help trauma victims.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional was executed among those who were aged 18 years and above and resided in Najran, Saudi Arabia, excluding those who refused to participate in the study, health-care workers, and students in the medical field. Conveniently, we distributed an online Arabic self-administered questionnaire through different social media platforms. The minimum calculated sample size was 576. One-way analysis of variance and two sample t-tests were used to evaluate the determinants of BC awareness.

Results:

About 702 participated in the study, with 80% of males and a median age of 26 (interquartile range: 22–36). Approximately 73.1% had a fair knowledge of BC. Having first-aid training and using health-care-related posters in malls/health-care facilities were linked to higher knowledge scores (P < 0.05). Awareness of the leading cause of preventable death (postaccident bleeding) (P = 0.012) was positively associated with higher knowledge scores. Regarding the willingness to assist trauma sufferers, the majority (57%) were very likely to help. About 46% consider tourniquets safe. Participants with previous first-aid training and male gender were more likely to express a willingness to use tourniquets (P < 0.001). Perceived lack of sufficient training (25.9%), apprehension about making mistakes (16.67%), and the belief that others might possess greater qualifications (16.52%) were the barriers frequently cited in addressing medical emergencies.

Conclusion:

This study reveals a notable awareness gap in BC among the general population in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. Factors such as first-aid training and exposure to health-care-related posters were linked to higher knowledge scores. There is a significant willingness to assist trauma victims. Gender disparity in willingness to use tourniquets suggests that targeted educational interventions are needed. Identified barriers, including perceived lack of training and fear of making mistakes, highlight areas for focused public health initiatives.