bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome and etiology of fetal pleural effusion, fetal ascites and hydrops fetalis after fetal intervention: retrospective observational cohort from a single institution
Authors: Wu W.‐J. , Ma G.‐C. , Chang T.‐Y. , Lee M.‐H. , Lin W.‐H. , Chen M.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Non‐immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is the pathological accumulation of fluids in fetal compartments, without maternal isoimmunization. Fetal interventions (e.g. shunting, fetal paracentesis, fetal thoracocentesis, fetal pleurodesis) are used to alleviate fluid accumulations, but the outcome is uncertain because the underlying causes of NIHF vary. We aimed to explore the etiology and long‐term outcome of NIHF after fetal intervention.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of fetuses with NIHF, defined by the presence of fetal ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion, skin edema or cystic hygroma, or a combination of these features, who underwent intervention at our institution during the period 2012–2021. Clinical surveillance, genetic analysis and viral infection screening were used to define the etiology. Chart reviews and telephone interviews were conducted to assess the long‐term outcomes.

Results

In total, 55 fetuses were enrolled and 46 cases had final follow‐up data after delivery. Etiology was identified in 33 cases, including four for which the underlying causes were not identified initially using small‐gene‐panel tests but which were later diagnosed with monogenic disorders by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Twenty‐three cases with follow‐up survived, having a follow‐up period of 2–11 years at the time of writing, of which 17 were healthy. All 11 cases initially presenting as congenital chylothorax survived with favorable outcome.

Conclusions

The etiologies of NIHF are heterogeneous, and the long‐term (spanning 2–11 years) outcome of fetal intervention varies, according to the underlying etiology, with cases caused by congenital chylothorax having the best prognosis. Genome‐wide tests, such as WES, may be helpful in determining the underlying condition in cases caused by a genetic disorder, and this may affect fetal therapy approaches in the future. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Introduction to the World 50.0 Movement
Authors: Landesz Tamás , Varghese Sangeeth , Sargsyan Karine
Published: September 2023

This book delves into the future of the world in 2050, covering various sectors such as healthcare, energy, transportation, communication, entertainment, and climate change from the perspectives of global leaders and visionaries from diverse backgrounds. It draws on open crowdsourced research and incorporates insights from the Covid-19 pandemic, appealing to not only businesses and governments but also the general public. The book includes 19 chapters, with 17 addressing the future of specific sectors and the last discussing the World 50.0 movement and how to participate. The topics of Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, and singularity are integrated throughout the book, considering the potential benefits and risks of new technologies. The authors acknowledge that predicting the future is impossible for any single expert but propose that practical conclusions can be drawn by correlating opinions from various experts (noting that contributions from interviewees reflect their own views). The book seeks to engage and inspire a diverse audience and is designed to be accessible across generations.
Future of Homes
Authors: Sargsyan Karine
Published: September 2023

By 2050, technology will turn homes into collectors, and electricity from nonfossil power sources will likely heat our homes and water. Electric vehicles will be widely available, and each habitat will have a charging station. At the end of the twenty-first century, many smart devices will actively enter our homes and everyday lives. Robotic vacuums, multifunctional electric stoves, multimedia televisions, programmable refrigerators, and computers—a variety of devices are already in our homes, which was unthinkable 30 years ago. Walls, floors, and ceilings will change depending on the residents’ moods. Kitchen 3D printers with commercial cartridges of edible pastes and powders will be a standard built-in option in kitchen appliances. The robot au pair can do many monotonous tasks, from washing up to cutting salads. The living room will become a digital portal for communication. The bedrooms will be a resting place with a programmable sleep module. High technology gives architects and designers new possibilities and groundbreaking ideas for creativity. How our apartments look in the future will strongly depend on how we can use the new and advanced technology.
Future of Communication and Interaction
Authors: Sargsyan Karine
Published: September 2023

The effects of digitization can now be seen in almost all life areas—from avatars to mixed reality. Communication will continue to change in the future. Telephones, smartphones, and the Internet are changing human interaction. With chatbots and artificial intelligence, modern ways of establishing contact are possible. One thing is for sure, 20 years from now, using a cell phone to chat with friends will be as outdated as using a landline phone today. By then, mixed reality technology will allow people to see virtual copies of their friends in the real world and see the world through friends’ eyes and help them accomplish real-world tasks.

Today’s VR and AR systems show only a fraction of what is possible with mixed reality. MR systems can share many communication signals and allow people to communicate in ways that have never been possible.
Asynchronous Narrative Audio-Messages: An Internet-Based Qualitative Method for Data Collection in International Research
Authors: Kleinlein Eva
Published: September 2023

The postdigital era is witness to significant changes in (digital) communication. The opportunities this brings for research, however, have not yet been extensively explored. This chapter elaborates on current international developments around digitalization and examines the need for corresponding research methods in the social sciences. Following an overview of internet-based data collection methods, Kleinlein introduces the new method of Asynchronous Narrative Audio-Messages (ANAs), which facilitates comprehensive qualitative research in the postdigital era. A critical reflection on the facilitating and constraining effects of the method illustrates its potential areas of use. Finally, the practical implementation of the method is illustrated by an ongoing international research project that focuses on inclusive schooling practices of teachers from a transcultural perspective.
Participation as a Key Principle of Education for Sustainable Development in the Postdigital Era
Authors: Grünberger Nina
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the significance of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and media education for active participation and co-creation within postdigital structures. While democracy, co-determination, and active design were the hopes of the early Internet, these are only rarely compatible with the actual structures of postdigitality. Our ubiquitous digital environment and corresponding media structures are powerfully shaped by the monopolistic providers of a digital capitalism, especially in the education sector, and students are rarely introduced to alternatives. Yet a guiding didactic principle of ESD and media education is not to provide clear-cut answers but to enter into an exploratory and a co-creative process in the postdigital era. By jointly exploring and critically considering the implications of digital technologies for sustainable development, actors can better understand the madeness and feasibility of postdigitality and their role in it.
Learning Academic Practices: Enabling Students to Participate in a Postdigital Society
Authors: Grüntjens Jennifer , Altenrath Maike , Schaper Sabrina , Hofhues Sandra
Published: September 2023

By understanding participation as a critical and reflexive mindset and attitude, the authors assume that learning about and undergoing research practices supports students’ participation in a postdigital society. Focusing on teaching and learning in higher education, the chapter draws attention to the conceptional work of research-based learning and shows how research practices such as networking, reflecting, researching and organizing introduce students not only to academic research but also, to a greater extent, foster their abilities to participate in a postdigital society.
Product Design
Authors: Ivanov Vitalii , Pavlenko Ivan , Evtuhov Artem , Trojanowska Justyna
Published: September 2023

Product design refers to creating and developing new products or improving existing ones to meet specific objectives and user needs. Product design addresses various aspects such as aesthetics, functionality, usability, ergonomics, materials, manufacturing processes, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. Design engineers work on translating ideas and concepts into tangible products by considering factors like market research, user feedback, technical feasibility, and business objectives.
Exercises
Authors: Ivanov Vitalii , Pavlenko Ivan , Evtuhov Artem , Trojanowska Justyna
Published: September 2023

Completion of the above exercises by students of education contributes.
Optimization of FDM manufacturing parameters for the compressive behavior of cubic lattice cores: an experimental approach by Taguchi method
Authors: Rahman Md Mazedur , Sultana Jakiya , Rayhan Saiaf Bin , Ahmed Ammar
Published: September 2023

Lattice structures are regularly employed in different industries ranging from biomedical to automobile and aircraft due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding load carrying and energy absorption capabilities, and better strength-to-weight ratio compared to traditional structures. On the other hand, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a cost-effective method of additive manufacturing (AM) vastly used for plastic materials which are biocompatible, biodegradable, and environment-friendly in nature. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of FDM printing parameters, namely, layer height, nozzle temperatures, printing speeds, and bed temperatures, on a simple cubic lattice structure printed from PLA filament. The design of the experiment is conducted through L16 orthogonal array. After conducting compression tests, four significant outcomes, namely, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, fracture strain, and modulus of toughness, are calculated from the stress–strain curves. Furthermore, an ANOVA (analysis of variance) test is carried out to find out the influence of each parameter. The analysis revealed that layer height is the most crucial parameter for modulus of elasticity and compressive strength. Secondly, the study also demonstrates the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analysis of each parameter and suggests the best manufacturing parameters, such as the layer height, printing temperature, printing speed, and bed temperature as 0.1 mm, 210 °C, 30 mm/s, and 60 °C, respectively, for the highest compressive strength. An SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis is carried out to examine the defects of the optimized lattice structure and found that the optimized structure has fewer defects in comparison to the non-optimized lattice core. Finally, based on these optimized parameters, a bone scaffold model is proposed for future biomedical applications.

Graphical abstract
Hypersensitivity to metals in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty: a prospective study of one hundred and thirty five lymphocyte transformation tests
Authors: Gaillard-Campbell Dani M. , Gross Thomas P.
Published: September 2023

Background

Metal allergy remains a controversial topic in the orthopaedic community. It is not known if or to what degree metal sensitivity contributes to inflammatory soft tissue failures, unexplained residual pain, or clinical complications after total joint replacement with metal prostheses.

Methods

We investigated the efficacy of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in predicting adverse outcomes in patients after receiving a metal joint replacement. Our study cohort consists of 135 metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty cases performed between 2013 and 2015. All study patients had an LTT preoperatively. We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes and failures for our cohort.

Results

There was no difference in LTT reactivity between men and women. Of the 135 patients tested, 46 (34.1% of cohort) tested positive to at least one of the materials comprising their implant, and 78 patients (57.8%) had at least one reactive score to any component of the LTT. After a minimum follow-up of two years, we did not observe an allergic response to the implant in any patients. There were no failures requiring revision. We observed a 2.2% rate of moderate residual pain; no patients with residual pain tested positive for metal sensitivity. When patients with moderate-high LTT reactivity (30.4% of cohort) were compared to the remainder of the study group, there was no difference in HHS or UCLA activity score. There was no correlation between blood metal ion levels and LTT reactivity.

Conclusion

We were unable to prove any predictive value of the LTT. We failed to identify hypersensitivity to metals in patients with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty.
Proof of a Conjecture of Batyrev and Juny on Gorenstein Polytopes
Authors: Nill Benjamin
Published: September 2023

A d-dimensional lattice polytope P is Gorenstein if it has a multiple rP that is a reflexive polytope up to translation by a lattice vector. The difference $$d+1-r$$

d
+
1
-
r

is called the degree of P. We show that a Gorenstein polytope is a lattice pyramid if its dimension is at least three times its degree. This was previously conjectured by Batyrev and Juny. We also present a refined conjecture and prove it for IDP Gorenstein polytopes.
Solution to the n-bubble problem on $$\mathbb {R}^1$$ with log-concave density
Authors: Ross John
Published: September 2023

We study then-bubble problem on$$\mathbb {R}^1$$R1with a prescribed density functionfthat is even, radially increasing, and satisfies a log-concavity requirement. Under these conditions, we find that isoperimetric solutions can be identified for an arbitrary number of regions, and that these solutions have a well-understood and regular structure. This generalizes recent work done on the density function$$|x |^p$$|x|pand stands in contrast to log-convex density functions which are known to have no such regular structure.
Establishing resilience in times of climate change—a perspective on humans and buildings
Authors: Pallubinsky H. , Kramer R. P. , van Marken Lichtenbelt W. D.
Published: September 2023

With a contribution of 40% to the annual global CO2-emissions, the built environment needs to drastically reduce its impact, while also providing pleasant and healthy indoor spaces and protecting people from weather extremes. Over time, particularly in western and industrialized countries, buildings have evolved to shield occupants almost completely from outdoor conditions. As a consequence, humans have become so used to a constant, comfortable indoor environment that we struggle to cope with thermal fluctuations. The time has come to shift perspective, as the very protective character of buildings and provision of omnipresent comfort are neither feasible nor desirable any longer. An enormous amount of energy and resources are spent to provide tightly controlled thermal environments, often with the same target temperature all year round. However, being mostly exposed to constant, comfortable indoor temperatures can have negative impacts on health and deteriorate our human capability to deal with thermal challenges. Importantly, spending time outside the thermal comfort zone is known to enhance human thermoregulatory capacities and thermal resilience, while also improving metabolic and cardiovascular health. This perspective essay aims to draw attention to novel and yet underrepresented avenues of coping with climate challenges, both with respect to the built environment and humans. Allowing more thermal variation indoors will save precious resources, decrease the negative impact of building CO2-footprints, and stimulate physiological and psychological adaptation in humans, which can lead to improved resilience and health.
A best practice for gamification in large companies: An extensive study focusing inter-generational acceptance
Authors: Caserman Polona , Baumgartner Kim Annabell , Göbel Stefan , Korn Oliver
Published: September 2023

Gamification is increasingly successful in the field of education and health. However, beyond call-centers and applications in human resources, its utilization within companies remains limited. In this paper, we examine the acceptance of gamification in a large company (with over 17,000 employees) across three generations, namely X, Y, and Z. Furthermore, we investigate which gamification elements are suited for business contexts, such as the dissemination of company principles and facts, or the organization of work tasks. To this end, we conducted focus group discussions, developed the prototype of a gamified company app, and performed a large-scale evaluation with 367 company employees. The results reveal statistically significant intergenerational disparities in the acceptance of gamification: younger employees, especially those belonging to Generation Z, enjoy gamification more than older employees and are most likely to engage with a gamified app in the workplace. The results further show a nuanced range of preferences regarding gamification elements: avatars are popular among all generations, badges are predominantly appreciated by Generations Z and Y, while leaderboards are solely liked by Generation Z. Drawing upon these insights, we provide recommendations for future gamification projects within business contexts. We hope that the results of our study regarding the preferences of the gamification elements and understanding generational differences in acceptance and usage of gamification will help to create more engaging and effective apps, especially within the corporate landscape.
Corrosion Behaviors of Ni–Cr Alloys in O2, H2O and H2O + O2 Gases at 700°C and the Effect of Temperature
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Jiang Chengyang , Zhang Jianqiang
Published: September 2023

Pure nickel and four binary Ni–Cr (5, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) alloys were exposed to Ar–20O2, Ar–20O2–20H2O and Ar–20H2O (vol.%) at 700°C. In dry and wet O2, three Ni–Cr alloys (5, 10 and 20 wt%) formed a three-layered structure: an external NiO layer, an inner oxide layer of NiO + Cr2O3 and an internal oxidation zone (IOZ) with Cr2O3 dispersed. The Ni–30Cr alloy formed a continuous chromia layer, with locally outer NiO islands. In pure water vapor, all alloys underwent internal oxidation, nickel metal expulsion and NiO formation. Compared with the results at 650°C, increasing the temperature to 700°C did not alter the morphology of the oxide scale, but enhanced the scale growth kinetics. A significant difference between these two temperatures was that the strong retarding effect of water vapor on NiO formation in oxygen at 650°C became insignificant at 700°C. However, in water vapor only condition, NiO formation remained much slower at both temperatures. The effects of water vapor and oxygen partial pressure on NiO formation of different alloys and the effect of temperature on scale growth kinetics and morphology were discussed.
Stressful life events and depression and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis of an international cohort
Authors: Reece Jeanette C. , Neate Sandra L. , Davenport Rebekah A. , Milanzi Elasma , Nag Nupur , Bevens William , Yu Maggie , Jelinek George A. , Simpson-Yap Steve
Published: September 2023

Background

Relationships between stressful life events (SLEs) and health outcomes in people living with multiple sclerosis (plwMS), beyond relapse, are not well-established. We examined associations between SLEs and fatigue and symptoms of depression in plwMS.

Methods

948 participants were queried whether they had experienced any of the 16 SLEs (Holmes–Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale) in the preceding 12 months. SLEs were summated to estimate SLE number and SLE load (weighted for the degree of associated stress). Cross-sectional associations between SLE (number, load and individual) and fatigue, and depressive symptoms were examined using log-binomial or log-multinomial regression adjusted for age, sex, relapse symptoms, education, MS type at baseline, disability, fatigue, comorbidity, depression, and antidepressant/antifatigue medications, as appropriate. Sub-analyses restricted to SLEs with a negative emotional impact were performed.

Results

Median SLE number and load were 2 (IQR 1–2) and 57 (IQR 28–97), respectively. SLE number and load were not associated with a higher prevalence of fatigue, or depressive symptoms, even when restricting analyses to SLEs with a perceived negative emotional impact. A new relationship or family member with a negative impact was associated with a threefold and 2.5-fold higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, respectively. Serious illness was associated with a 28% higher prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Psychological support for SLEs, and/or intervention targeted to SLE appraisal, may be beneficial in mitigating the adverse effects of SLEs with a perceived negative emotional impact on depressive symptoms in plwMS. Potential associations between serious illness and increased prevalence of depressive symptoms may warrant further investigation.
Nashian game theory is incompatible with quantum physics
Authors: Baczyk Michal , Fourny Ghislain
Published: September 2023

We suggest to look at quantum measurement outcomes not through the lens of probability theory, but instead through decision theory. We introduce an original game-theoretical framework, model and algorithmic procedure where measurement scenarios are multiplayer games with a structure all observers agree on. Measurement axes and, newly, measurement outcomes are modeled as decisions with nature being an action-minimizing economic agent. We translate physical notions of causality, correlation, counterfactuals, and contextuality to particular aspects of game theory. We investigate the causal consistency of dynamic games with imperfect information from the quantum perspective and conclude that counterfactual dependencies should be distinguished from causation and correlation as a separate phenomenon of its own. Most significantly, we observe that game theory based on Nash equilibria stands in contradiction with a violation of Bell inequalities. Hence, we propose that quantum physics should be analyzed with non-Nashian game theory, the inner workings of which we demonstrate using our proposed model.
How Positive Activities Shape Emotional Exhaustion and Work-Life Balance: Effects of an Intervention via Positive Emotions and Boundary Management Strategies
Authors: Althammer Sarah Elena , Wöhrmann Anne Marit , Michel Alexandra
Published: September 2023

The positive-activity model (PAM) proposes how and for whom positive activity interventions work best. This article evaluates the effectiveness of a web-based self-regulation intervention that teaches participants positive activities. Over six weeks, participants engage in different positive activities to meet the particular challenges in flexible work designs (FWD) such as remote work or mobile work. In line with the PAM, we expected the intervention to decrease emotional exhaustion and increase satisfaction with work-life balance via increases in both positive emotions and boundary management. Moreover, individuals’ depressive symptoms were expected to moderate this relationship. In a randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to a waitlist control group or an intervention group. Study participants received questionnaires before and after the intervention and at a four-week follow-up. The final sample included 288 participants (intervention group: n = 105; control group: n = 183). Results of mixed variance analyses were in line with our predictions. Findings indicate that the intervention is an effective tool for improving well-being and work-life balance for workers with FWD. Changes in positive emotions and boundary management explained intervention effects. The intervention was effective regardless of participants’ baseline level of depressive symptoms.
Identifying “sloppy” users in TMS through operation logs
Authors: Zhang Shaoyang , Wen Lian , Torrisi Geraldine , Li Jicheng
Published: September 2023

A transportation management system (TMS) is an integral software system for modern logistics and transportation companies. It is crucial to evaluate the quality of a TMS objectively, a task that currently presents significant challenges to both the IT and logistics sectors. One approach to this evaluation is usage analysis. However, usage analysis is complicated by the presence of both diligent users who utilize the system correctly and 'sloppy' users who enter inaccurate data haphazardly. This inaccuracy hampers the success of the information system and obstructs effective decision-making. Thus, identifying and excluding data from such users is essential for an accurate and objective evaluation of a TMS. Yet, the focus has primarily been on identifying outliers, typically for security reasons, while the identification of 'sloppy' users has been overlooked. Against this context we propose a novel method—Log Evaluation through Operation Sequence Distribution (LEOSD). This method distinguishes between abnormal and normal usage of a TMS by analysing system-generated logs. LEOSD is highly efficient and lightweight, minimizing any disruption to ongoing operations. Our experiment, based on real logs gathered from the industry, supports our hypothesis, and shows that LEOSD is effective in identifying 'sloppy' users. The positive results attest to the efficacy and practicality of our proposed method.
Chirurgie des obstruktiven Defäkationssyndrom (ODS)
Authors: Steinemann Daniel C. , Nocera Fabio
Published: September 2023

Das obstruktive Defäkationssyndrom (ODS) ist eine Erkrankung, bei der Patienten Schwierigkeiten haben, den Enddarm zu entleeren. Es kann verschiedene Ursachen haben, darunter anatomische Veränderungen oder funktionelle Störungen. Patienten klagen oft über Symptome wie verlängertes Pressen, häufigen Stuhlgang und unvollständige Entleerung. Die Diagnosestellung ist schwierig, da es fliessende Übergänge zu anderen Erkrankungen gibt. Die Diagnose basiert auf einer ausführlichen Krankengeschichte, körperlichen Untersuchungen und speziellen Untersuchungen wie der MR-Defäkographie und der anorektalen Manometrie. Die Wahl der Behandlung hängt von der Ursache und den Symptomen ab. Konservative Behandlungsoptionen sollten vor einer Operation ausgeschöpft werden. Bei Versagen der konservativen Therapie können verschiedene chirurgische Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Die minimal-invasive, laparoskopische oder robotische, ventrale netzverstärkte Rektopexie setzt sich zunehmend als Therapie der Wahl des strukturellen ODS durch.
On the socles of isotype and balanced submodules
Authors: Sikander Fahad , Begam Firdhousi , Fatima Tanveer
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we define a condition termed as cohesiveness on a submodule N of the socle of QTAG-module M, which is necessary for N to be the socle of an isotype submodule of M. It is proved here that for the countably generated submodule N, this condition is both necesaary and sufficient. We further define a restricted condition called as completely cohesiveness and shows that this condition is necessary and sufficient for a subsocle T of a QTAG-module which supports a balanced submodule of M.
Digital transformation and firm performance: a case study on China’s listed companies in 2009–2020
Authors: Chen Chuanglian , Zhang Yi , Wang Shudan
Published: September 2023

Based on a panel fixed effect model, our paper explores the impact of digital transformation on the operation efficiency of Chinese A-share listed enterprises during 2009–2020. It conducts related robustness tests, mechanism analysis, and heterogeneity analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic relationship between digitalization and firm performance. The empirical findings demonstrate that digital transformation has a significantly positive effect on firm performance. More specifically, rising digital transformation of enterprises leads to an improvement in their operation efficiency. The research further reveals that digital transformation mainly promotes the efficiency of capital-labor allocation, which in turn enhances firm performance. Overall, our study adds to the existing literature by offering empirical evidence on the relationship between digital transformation and enterprise operation efficiency, providing valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers.
Underwater computational imaging: a survey
Authors: Gu Zhaorui , Liu Xiuhan , Hu Zhiqiang , Wang Guoyu , Zheng Bing , Watson John , Zheng Haiyong
Published: September 2023

With the increasingly urgent demand for marine research and development, optical imaging technology remains crucial for underwater close-range information detection. However, the inherent obstacles of light transmission in strongly attenuating environments constitute a bottleneck that restricts the development of traditional optical imaging technology. Underwater computational imaging has emerged gradually, leveraging its cross-disciplinary advantages. It deeply couples optical system design with signal calculation and processing and has a high utilization rate of focusing information. It can achieve qualitative breakthroughs in imaging resolution, scale, dimension, and hardware convenience. However, existing work is mostly limited to the extension of free-space computational imaging techniques to underwater environments, lacking systematic research on common needs and key technologies. Therefore, it is essential to refine the connotation and advantages of underwater computational imaging technology, especially in combination with highly complex and nonlinear application scenarios, and to identify potential development space and breakthroughs.
The Moral Prerequisites of the Criminal Law
Authors: Lee Ambrose Y. K. , Sarch Alexander F.
Published: September 2023

Modern states criminalise many actions that intuitively do not seem morally wrong, particularly in the context of regulating complex industries or activities. Are mala prohibita offences of this kind fundamentally mistaken? Many criminal law scholars have thought so and argued that conduct must be morally wrong to be legitimately criminalised. This Element examines the longstanding debates about whether this idea is right, and what we would lose if we either abandoned the criminal law's close connection to morality or our use of the very useful tool of mala prohibita crimes. This Element argues that there are a range of promising arguments for reconciling mala prohibita offences with the wrongness constraint on criminalisation. Thus, it seeks to shed light on the aims of the criminal law and the moral prerequisites for legitimate criminalisation.
Automatic SDG budget tagging: Building public financial management capacity through natural language processing
Authors: Guariso Daniele , Guerrero Omar A. , Castañeda Gonzalo
Published: September 2023

The “budgeting for SDGs”–B4SDGs–paradigm seeks to coordinate the budgeting process of the fiscal cycle with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. Integrating the goals into public financial management systems is crucial for an effective alignment of national development priorities with the objectives set in the 2030 Agenda. Within the dynamic process defined in the B4SDGs framework, the step of SDG budget tagging represents a precondition for subsequent budget diagnostics. However, developing a national SDG taxonomy requires substantial investment in terms of time, human, and administrative resources. Such costs are exacerbated in least-developed countries, which are often characterized by a constrained institutional capacity. The automation of SDG budget tagging could represent a cost-effective solution. We use well-established text analysis and machine learning techniques to explore the scope and scalability of automatic labeling budget programs within the B4SDGs framework. The results show that, while our classifiers can achieve great accuracy, they face limitations when trained with data that is not representative of the institutional setting considered. These findings imply that a national government trying to integrate SDGs into its planning and budgeting practices cannot just rely solely on artificial intelligence (AI) tools and off-the-shelf coding schemes. Our results are relevant to academics and the broader policymaker community, contributing to the debate around the strengths and weaknesses of adopting computer algorithms to assist decision-making processes.
Corals and a cephalopod from the Whirlpool Formation (latest Ordovician, Hirnantian), Hamilton, Ontario: biostratigraphic and biogeographic significance
Authors: Elias Robert J. , Hewitt Roger A.
Published: September 2023

Solitary rugose corals assigned to Streptelasma rutkae n. sp. and an annulated orthoconic cephalopod identified as Gorbyoceras sp. occur in nearshore shallow-marine sandstone of the Whirlpool Formation in Hamilton, southern Ontario. They are the first macrofossils contributing to a modern understanding of the age and correlation of this stratigraphic unit. Streptelasma rutkae most closely resembles S. subregulare (Savage, 1913), which occurs widely in the Edgewood Province of the east-central United States, in strata considered latest Ordovician (Hirnantian). Gorbyoceras ranges into the latest Katian (latest Richmondian) in the Cincinnati Arch region. Thus, the occurrences of S. rutkae and Gorbyoceras sp. support other biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data suggesting that the Whirlpool Formation is latest Ordovician, rather than earliest Silurian as traditionally thought. They also indicate paleogeographic connections between the area of Whirlpool deposition in Ontario and the Edgewood Province and Cincinnati Arch region in the east-central United States

UUID: http://zoobank.org/d1ded814-204d-4070-a469-52d3b6e259c7
Lyman-α at cosmic noon I: Lyα spectral type selection ofz∼ 2 – 3 Lyman break galaxies with broadband imaging
Authors: Foran Garry , Cooke Jeff , Reddy Naveen , Steidel Charles , Shapley Alice
Published: September 2023

High-redshift Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) are efficiently selected in deep images using as few as three broadband filters, and have been shown to have multiple intrinsic and small- to large-scale environmental properties related to Lyman-$\alpha$. In this paper we demonstrate a statistical relationship between net Lyman-$\alpha$equivalent width (net Ly$\alpha$EW) and the optical broadband photometric properties of LBGs at$z\sim2$. We show that LBGs with the strongest net Ly$\alpha$EW in absorption (aLBGs) and strongest net Ly$\alpha$EW in emission (eLBGs) separate into overlapping but discrete distributions in$(U_n-\mathcal{R})$colour and$\mathcal{R}$-band magnitude space, and use this segregation behaviour to determine photometric selection criteria by which sub-samples with a desired Ly$\alpha$spectral type can be selected using data from as few as three broadband optical filters. We propose application of our result to current and future large-area and all-sky photometric surveys that will select hundreds of millions of LBGs across many hundreds to thousands of Mpc, and for which spectroscopic follow-up to obtain Ly$\alpha$spectral information is prohibitive. To this end, we use spectrophotometry of composite spectra derived from a sample of 798 LBGs divided into quartiles on the basis of net Ly$\alpha$EW to calculate selection criteria for the isolation of Ly$\alpha$-absorbing and Ly$\alpha$-emitting populations of$z\sim3$LBGs usingugribroadband photometric data from the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST).
Bloc Voting for Electoral Accountability
Authors: COOPERMAN ALICIA DAILEY
Published: September 2023

How do citizens hold local politicians accountable? I argue that citizens, especially through neighborhood associations, can use bloc voting as a bottom-up, grassroots strategy to pressure politicians for public services. Politicians monitor polling station voting, and communities switch allegiance if politicians do not deliver. I measure the perceived and actual relationships between community characteristics, bloc voting, and water access—an essential resource prone to political manipulation. I analyze an original household survey and conjoint experiment merged with electoral data in rural Brazil, and qualitative interviews illustrate theoretical mechanisms. Bloc voting is more likely in communities with high trust and participation, and bloc voting improves water access for association members. However, this strategy is only worthwhile for communities that can demonstrate their vote at their polling station. In contrast to top-down explanations of bloc voting, I highlight the interaction of collective action and electoral institutions for accountability and public service provision.
Human rights and divine holiness
Authors: Vallier Kevin
Published: September 2023

Theists commonly hold that God endows humans with rights. Standard explanations draw on natural law theory or divine command theory. However, the natural law account does not give God a central role in explaining our rights, and the divine command account does not assign human nature a significant explanatory role. A successful theistic explanation of human rights must meet three conditions: (1) God must directly explain human rights; (2) human nature must also directly explain human rights; (3) this dual contribution must explain why morality forbids rights violations by grounding the deontic reasons associated with rights. I propose a holiness account of rights. On this view, God endows human nature with rights by making human nature holy, and God does so by fashioning humans with one of God's essential properties: the capacity to love. This theory satisfies all three conditions and explains the deontological character of rights.
Is language-of-thought the best game in the town we live?
Authors: Lupyan Gary
Published: September 2023

There are towns in which language-of-thought (LoT) is the best game. But do we live in one? I go through three properties that characterize the LoT hypothesis: Discrete constituents, role-filler independence, and logical operators, and argue that in each case predictions from the LoT hypothesis are a poor fit to actual human cognition. As a hypothesis of what human cognition ought to be like, LoT departs from empirical reality.
Is evidence of language-like properties evidence of a language-of-thought architecture?
Authors: Attah Nuhu Osman , Machery Edouard
Published: September 2023

We argue that Quilty-Dunn et al.'s commitment to representational pluralism undermines their case for the language-of-thought hypothesis as the evidence they present is consistent with the operation of the other representational formats that they are willing to accept.
Linguistic meanings in mind
Authors: Wellwood Alexis , Hunter Tim
Published: September 2023

The target article focuses on evidence from nonlinguistic faculties to defend the claim that cognition generally traffics in language-of-thought (LoT)-type representations. This focus creates needed space to discuss the mounting accumulation of nonclassical evidence for LoT, but it also misses relevant work in linguistics that directly offers a perspective on specific hypotheses about candidate LoT representations.
Perception is iconic, perceptual working memory is discursive
Authors: Block Ned
Published: September 2023

The evidence that the target article cites for language-of-thought (LoT) structure in perceptual object representations concerns perceptual working memory, not perception. Perception is iconic, not structured like an LoT. Perceptual working memory representations contain the remnants of iconic perceptual representations, often recoded, in a discursive envelope.
Do nonlinguistic creatures deploy mental symbols for logical connectives in reasoning?
Authors: Carey Susan
Published: September 2023

Some nonlinguistic systems of representation display some of the six features of a language-of-thought (LoT) delineated by Quilty-Dunn et al. But they conjecture something stronger: That all six features cooccur homeostatically in nonlinguistic thought. Here I argue that there is no good evidence for nonlinguistic deductive reasoning involving the disjunctive syllogism. Animals and prelinguistic children probably do not make logical inferences.
Natural logic and baby LoTH
Authors: Canudas-Grabolosa Irene , Martín-Salguero Ana , Bonatti Luca L.
Published: September 2023

Language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) is having a profound impact on cognition studies. However, much remains unknown about its basic primitives and generative operations. Infant studies are fundamental, but methodologically very challenging. By distilling potential primitives from work in natural-language semantics, an approach beyond the corset of standard formal logic may be undertaken. Still, the road ahead is challenging and long.
A Wide-Enough Range of ‘Test Environments’ for Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Jeppsson Sofia
Published: September 2023

The medical and social model of disability is discussed and debated among researchers, scholars, activists, and people in general. It is common to hold a mixed view and believe that some disabled people suffer more from social obstacles and others more from medical problems inherent in their bodies or minds. Rachel Cooper discusses possible ‘test environments’, making explicit an idea which likely plays an implicit part in many disability discussions. We place or imagine placing the disabled person in a range of different environments. If there is a relevant test environment in which they do fine, their problem was societal/external; if there is not, it was medical/internal. Cooper admits that deciding on the appropriate range of test environments is an ethical and political question. In this chapter, I argue that we often ought to widen our scope when discussing psychiatric disabilities.
Feasibility of a food-based diabetes self-management education intervention for food insecure patients with type 2 diabetes: a convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Short Eliza , Thompson Debbe , Taren Douglas , Bryant Holly , Gonzalez Rhonda , Sheava Jessi , Hingle Melanie
Published: September 2023

Objective:

To assess the feasibility of a food-based diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) intervention delivered to persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and food insecurity.

Design:

This single arm pre-/post convergent mixed methods study tested the feasibility of a 3-month intervention using food boxes, recipes, DSMES and dietitian visits. Feasibility benchmarks assessed were acceptability (> 50 % participants satisfied), demand (> 50 % used program components) and implementation (75 % adherence, 80 % retention). Assessments included: self-reported food security, health-related quality of life, diabetes self-efficacy, socio-demographic and dietary intake, height, weight, and HbA1c and one in-depth interview with participants and key staff. Enrollment, recruitment and retention rates were summarised; qualitative data were analysed using structured thematic analysis (participant interviews) and key point summaries (staff interviews). Quantitative/qualitative data integration was conducted using a joint display.

Setting:

Food bank and Federally Qualified Health Center in the Southwestern U.S.

Participants:

English- or Spanish-speaking adults with T2DM and food insecurity.

Results:

In total, 247 patients with T2DM and food insecurity were recruited, seventy-one expressed interest and twenty-five consented. Twenty-one participants completed study measurements. 71 % (n 15) received six home food deliveries and ≥ 1 dietitian visit. A priori benchmarks were approached or met within each feasibility criterion – most participants found the intervention to be acceptable, used most or all intervention components, and reported some challenges within intervention implementation (e.g. timing of food deliveries). Data integration provided deeper understanding of reported intervention implementation challenges, yet high adherence to the intervention.

Conclusions:

The intervention was feasible. Next steps include a clinical trial to establish intervention efficacy.
Image refinement and estimations of radiation formation heights with the Deep Solar ALMA Neural Network Estimator
Authors: Eklund Henrik
Published: September 2023

The signatures of small-scale features in the solar atmosphere are severely degraded by limited angular resolution of the observations. The Deep Solar ALMA Neural Network Estimator (Deep-SANNE) is trained towards synthetic observables from 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to recognize the small-scale dynamic features in data at limited observational resolution, and provide maps of correction factors across the field of view. The correction factors can be used to acquire deconvolved refined images with significantly improved brightness temperature contrasts, where the strength of brightening events are reproduced to an accuracy of 94.0% instead of the 43.7% at observational resolution. Deep-SANNE can also provide masks of the most probable locations with large accuracies, and estimations on the radiation formation heights in connection to the small-scale features. The Deep-SANNE refined images and estimations of radiation formation heights allow for larger accuracy and meaningful analysis of solar ALMA data.
Origin of extreme solar eruptive activity from the active region NOAA 12673 and the largest flare of solar cycle 24
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan , Mitra Prabir K.
Published: September 2023

During 2017, when the Sun was moving toward the minimum phase of solar cycle 24, an exceptionally eruptive active region (AR) NOAA 12673 emerged on the Sun during August 28-September 10. During the highest activity level, the AR turned into a δ-type sunspot region, which manifests the most complex configuration of magnetic fields from the photosphere to the coronal heights. The AR 12673 produced four X-class and 27 M-class flares, along with numerous C-class flares, making it one of the most powerful ARs of solar cycle 24. Notably, it produced the largest flare of solar cycle 24, namely, the X9.3 event on 2017 September 6. In this work, we highlight the results of our comprehensive analysis involving multi-wavelength imaging and coronal magnetic field modeling to understand the evolution and eruptivity from AR 12673. We especially focus on the morphological, spectral and kinematical evolution of the two X-class flares on 6 September 2017. We explore various large- and small-scale magnetic field structures of the active region which are associated with the triggering and subsequent outbursts during the powerful solar transients.
Solar Physics in the 2020s: DKIST, Parker Solar Probe, and Solar Orbiter as a Multi-Messenger Constellation
Authors: Martinez Pillet V. , Cauzzi G. , Tritschler A. , Harra L. , Andretta V. , Vourlidas A. , Raouafi N. , Alterman B. L. , Bellot Rubio L. , Cranmer S. R. , Gibson S. , De Groof A. , Ko Y.-K. , Lepri S. T. , Linker J. , Malaspina D. M. , Matthews S. , Müller D. , Parenti S. , Petrie G. , Spadaro D. , Ugarte-Urra I. , Warren H. , Zouganelis I.
Published: September 2023

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) has started operations at the summit of Haleakalā (Hawai’i). DKIST joins the nominal science phases of the NASA and ESA Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter encounter missions. By combining in-situ measurements of the near-Sun plasma environment and detailed remote observations of multiple layers of the Sun, the three observatories form an unprecedented multi-messenger constellation to study the magnetic connectivity in the solar system. This work outlines the synergistic science that this multi-messenger suite enables.