bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Snow Albedo Evolution in Noah-MP Land Surface Model Coupled with a Physical Snowpack Radiative Transfer Scheme
Authors: Lin Tzu-Shun , He Cenlin , Abolafia-Rosenzweig Ronnie , Chen Fei , Wang Wenli , Barlage Michael , Gochis David
Published: January 2025

The widely used community Noah-MP land surface model currently adopts snow albedo parameterizations that are semiphysical in nature and have systematic biases which impact the accuracy of weather and climate modeling systems that use Noah-MP as the land component. We hypothesized that integrating the snowpack radiative transfer scheme from the latest version of the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model can improve the physical representation of snow albedo processes and reduce corresponding land model uncertainties. Therefore, we evaluate Noah-MP simulations employing the SNICAR scheme and compare model accuracy to a Noah-MP simulation using the default semiphysical Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) scheme using in situ spectral snow albedo observations at three Rocky Mountain field stations. The agreement between simulated and in situ observed ground snow albedo is significantly enhanced in NoahMP–SNICAR simulations relative to NoahMP–BATS simulations (root-mean-square error reductions from 0.116 to 0.103). Especially, NoahMP–SNICAR improves modeled snow albedo variability for fresh snow and aged snowpack (correlation increase from 0.42 to 0.67). The underestimated variability of snow albedo in NoahMP–BATS is a result of inadequate representation of physical linkages between snow albedo evolution and environmental/snowpack conditions (temperature, snow density, snow water equivalent, and light-absorbing particles), which is substantially improved by the NoahMP–SNICAR scheme. This new development of NoahMP–SNICAR physics provides a means to improve snow albedo accuracy and reduce corresponding uncertainties while providing new modeling capabilities such as hyperspectral snow albedo and effects of snow grain size, snow grain shape, and light-absorbing particles in future studies.

Significance Statement

The widely used community Noah-MP land surface model utilizes simplified snow albedo parameterizations that are semiphysical and have large uncertainties that affect the accuracy of weather and climate modeling systems. We aim to reduce uncertainties by incorporating a radiative transfer snow albedo model (i.e., SNICAR) into Noah-MP. The newly coupled NoahMP–SNICAR model shows a significant enhancement in simulating snow albedo at three Rocky Mountain stations when compared to the Noah-MP configuration with the default snow albedo scheme (i.e., BATS). It also introduces new modeling capabilities for future studies, such as hyperspectral snow albedo and the effects of snow grain size, snow grain shape, and light-absorbing particles.
The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Adolescents’ Cooperative Tendencies in China: The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Trust
Authors: Zhou Jingkun , Cui Liying , Wu Aruna , Du Peiwei , Cheng Siyu
Published: January 2025

Does greater parental involvement lead to increased cooperation in their adolescent children? Are the effects of paternal and maternal involvement equivalent? In order to explore the above issues, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of 682 two-parent families to investigate the relationship between parental involvement and adolescents’ cooperative tendencies and the mediating role of parent–child trust. The results show that paternal involvement directly predict adolescents’ cooperative tendencies, while maternal involvement could not directly predict cooperative tendencies. In addition, parent–child trust mediates the relationship between parental involvement and adolescents’ cooperative tendencies. Compared with mother–child trust, the mediating mechanism of father–child trust is more complex. Further, the prediction of parental involvement on cooperative tendencies differs between boys and girls, and the parental prediction patterns are more diverse when the parent and child are the same gender. These findings indicate that adolescents’ cooperative tendencies are predicted by parental involvement through parent–child trust, furthermore, the specific patterns of the prediction of parental involvement on adolescents’ cooperative tendencies are need to be taken account.
Fear of Missing out Serially Mediated by Social Media Use and Alcohol-Related Content on Alcohol Outcomes Among College Students: A Cross-Sectional Examination
Authors: Ayala Guzman Rachel , Strowger Megan , Kazlauskaite Karolina , Braitman Abby L.
Published: January 2025

Fear of missing out (FoMO) is the apprehension that others may be having more rewarding experiences from which one is absent. A positive relationship between FoMO and social media related behaviors is well established. Limited studies have examined how FoMO may be associated with risky health behaviors, such as alcohol use. Risky alcohol use is a pervasive public health issue among college students, a population with high rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Emerging studies have identified alcohol-related content (ARC) on social media may predict greater college drinking. Yet no research has investigated if social media ARC exposure is a mechanism linking FoMO to alcohol outcomes among college students. This study examined if FoMO is indirectly related to college student ( N = 705; ages 18–25) alcohol outcomes (i.e., quantity, frequency, problems, and peak drinks) via frequency of checking social media and frequency of ARC exposure from peers. All paths sequentially linking FoMO to alcohol outcomes were significant and positive. Greater FoMO was related to more frequent social media checking, greater ARC exposure, and indirectly related to greater alcohol consumption and problems. FoMO may be a helpful indicator of who is at risk of risky drinking and problems via social media use.
Anxiety and Future-Self Clarity: Can Future Thinking Influence Self-Esteem?
Authors: Duffy Jessica , Salt Grace , Cole Scott N. , Charura Divine , Shevchenko Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Possible selves reflect one’s hopes and fears for their future identity. Previous research shows that high anxiety is associated with clearer feared possible selves. However, the mechanism through which clarity could maintain anxiety is relatively unexplored as are questions concerning whether clarity of possible selves could offer new methods of reducing anxiety. The present article aimed to investigate if the relationship between clarity and anxiety is mediated by self-esteem. In addition, the present study aimed to explore the impact of the Best Possible Self-Technique on anxiety. In line with predictions, it was found that the relationship between the clarity of feared possible selves and anxiety was mediated by self-esteem. In addition, a preliminary exploration (using a repeated measures design) showed potential benefits for using a Best Possible Self-Technique in reducing anxiety. Overall, these findings provide insights into a potential mechanism through which the clarity of feared possible selves could influence anxiety, namely, through reducing self-esteem. Also, the findings open new avenues for future interventions designed to reduce anxiety through targeting the clarity of thoughts concerning future selves.
Sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Chussi Desderius , Mlay Kenneth , Karuga Ezekiel G. , Naman Elifaraja , Mtenga Philbert , Shija Peter , Mremi Alex
Published: January 2025

Primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells outside the bone marrow. The tumor rarely occurs in the sinonasal tract, accounting for about 4% of all non-epithelial sinonasal tumors. Herein, the authors describe a rare case of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma in a 33-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of progressively increasing nasal mass, causing obstruction. A CT scan showed a soft tissue mass measuring 5*8*3 cm in the right and left nasal cavities, obstructing the nasal airway. The mass extended to the right maxillary sinus. Histopathology and immunohistochemical tests confirmed it to be plasmacytoma. Lymphomas with prominent plasmacytic differentiation and multiple myeloma workups were negative. The patient initially refused treatment. After counseling, the patient consented to undergo surgery and later radiotherapy treatment. At one-year follow-up, the patient is disease-free with no signs of recurrence. Plasmacytomas are either medullary or extramedullary neoplasms. The latter are extremely rare tumors, more commonly presenting in the submucosal tissue of the upper respiratory tract. A mass or swelling causing nasal or pharyngeal symptoms is by far the most common presentation of this entity in the head and neck region. Because these lesions are radiosensitive, radiotherapy is a recommended treatment approach. Further studies are needed to better understand the prognosis and effective treatment regimens.
A review of the evolution and concepts of deep learning and AI in the textile industry
Authors: Ingle Nilesh , Jasper Warren J.
Published: January 2025

Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are transforming the textile industry by integrating advanced technologies into various processes. Textiles, once seen as passive materials, are now essential components of complex systems due to automation and innovative materials. This review focuses on articles that utilized AI, ML, or DL in textile research and industry. The review presents bibliometric analysis of AI methods in textiles. Later, the review is structured into sections that examine the effect of ML and DL across the textile sector. We outline key ML and DL methods applied in textiles, discussing their main uses and potential applications. This overview aims to clarify the working principles behind these methods, which are explored in greater detail. The methods analyzed range from basic linear regression to ensemble techniques such as XGBoost. DL techniques include convolutional neural networks for image analysis and long short-term memory networks for time-series analysis. In addition, a bibliometric review identifies trends and gaps in the literature, highlighting areas for future research. We also provide a detailed examination of how these methods are implemented in textiles.
Queering Contemporary Comedy: FX's What We Do in the Shadows and the Mediation of Nonnormative Gender and Sexual Identities
Authors: Engstrom Erika , Brody Evan , Casadevall Annie
Published: January 2025

Utilizing queer theory, a textual analysis of 50 episodes of the FX horror-comedy series What We Do in the Shadows (2019–) resulted in three overarching themes: (1) representation of different forms of queerness and open expression of character identities, (2) normalization of queer identity and resistance to homophobia, and (3) inclusivity of relational configuration beyond queer-based narratives. Findings demonstrate the series promotes a queer perspective in addition to outright support for nonheteronormative characters. This reading of its dialogic and visual text adds to the literature on the positive media treatment of LGBTQ+ communities and how popular media texts serve as conduits of resistance to normative heterosexuality. Research in this vein is especially cogent and relevant given increasing antitransgender and intersex legislation that marks the U.S. political environment in recent years.
Searching for the impact of teaching quality and dialogic behaviour on student learning outcome / En busca del impacto de la calidad de la enseñanza y del comportamiento dialógico en los resultados del aprendizaje de los estudiantes
Authors: Vrikki Maria , Kyriakides Leonidas , Anastasou Maria
Published: January 2025

This paper argues for an integrated model of effective teaching which refers to teaching factors that emerge from two theoretical frameworks: the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness and the Educational Dialogue Framework. Twenty-nine primary school teachers and their 489 students (aged 9–12) participated in the study. Student achievement using written tests in mathematics and the Greek language were collected both at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Classroom observation data on teaching behaviour were also collected. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that factors associated with both frameworks explain variation in student achievement in each subject. A model that considers factors from both frameworks explains more variance in student achievement in each subject than any other model. Implications for research, policy and practice are drawn.
Aníbal Quijano and the Decolonial Turn
Authors: Maldonado-Torres Nelson
Published: January 2025

This review article proposes that Aníbal Quijano’s conceptualization and elaboration of the coloniality of power can be understood as part of a third major moment of the decolonial turn that is related to the activities of Indigenous and Black organizations and collectives in the context of the 500th anniversary of the ‘discovery’ of the Americas in the late 1980s and early 1990s. While Quijano frequently insists on the special status of ‘Latin America’ in his accounts of coloniality and decoloniality, this article makes the case for the relevance of the Caribbean and all other sites that have served as laboratories for the formation of modern/colonial power in the unfinished project of decolonization and decoloniality. Finding limits in arguments that overstate the role of sensibilities that are rooted in geopolitical locations, the article emphasizes the role of decolonial collectives in the formation of combative decolonial attitudes.
Classification of microstructural defects in selective laser melted inconel 713C alloy using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Edmunds Ethan L , Thomas Meurig
Published: January 2025

Microstructural defects are commonly found in additively manufactured materials and can have significant effects on the material's bulk properties. This warrants defect detection and classification during microstructural evaluation, which is often laborious, costly, and can yield sub-optimal results if done manually. Previous attempts to facilitate automated classification in additively manufactured nickel-alloys have used supervised machine learning methods, such as kth-nearest neighbour classification and decision trees. This study proposes and evaluates the use of convolutional neural networks for microstructural defect classification in selective laser melted Inconel 713C samples. It outlines the process used to create, augment and expand the dataset, as well as hyperparameter selection for the neural network architecture to yield optimal classification performance.
Considering veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a first-line strategy for rewarming in accidental hypothermia complicated by cardiac arrest - a case series
Authors: Shayan H , Gunning D , Mozel M , Valchanov K
Published: January 2025

Severe accidental hypothermia can lead to cardiac arrest. The most efficient method of resuscitating and warming is by ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation). While the convention is to use VA ECMO (Veno Arterial ECMO), using VV ECMO (Veno Venous ECMO) in which the blood is returned directly into the right ventricle could be an alternative and lead to conversion to life sustaining cardiac rhythm. In this article we present our case series of ECMO for resuscitation of accidental hypothermia complicated by cardiac arrest. We used VV ECMO for 4 patients; in 3 of them ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) was successfully achieved. We also discuss the potential advantages of VV ECMO and VA ECMO in this setting and present our algorithm for management.
The Cultural-Match Effect on Art Appreciation in Adolescents
Authors: Szubielska Magdalena , Ho Robbie , Kopiś-Posiej Natalia
Published: January 2025

The cultural-match effect on art appreciation refers to a higher aesthetic evaluation of artworks that match the viewers’ cultural background. The present study examines this effect in Western adolescents. We hypothesized longer viewing time (H1) and higher art appreciation (H2) for culturally matching (Western) than mismatching (Eastern) paintings. Representing three age groups (12–13, 14–15, and 16–17 years old), Polish adolescents were tested in a lab. They viewed images of paintings that varied in origin (West vs. East) and time period (historic vs. contemporary), while their viewing time and ratings of art appreciation were obtained. H1 was supported as the participants viewed culturally matching paintings for longer. H2 was partially supported as the cultural-match effect interacted with time period and age group. H2 was supported within historic paintings and mainly among the oldest age group. Hence, the cultural-match effect among adolescents might not generalize to contemporary art.
Maternal mental disorders, psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status, and offspring congenital anomalies
Authors: Björkstedt Satu-Maarit , Koponen Hannu , Kautiainen Hannu , Gissler M Mika , Pennanen P. , Eriksson Johan G , Laine Merja K
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate whether there is an association between maternal mental health, purchase of psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status and major congenital anomalies in offspring.

Methods

A register-based cohort study of 6189 Finnish primiparous women who had a singleton delivery between 2009 and 2015. Data on pregnancy and delivery outcomes, psychiatric diagnosis, prescription drug purchases and offspring congenital anomalies were obtained from Finnish national registers.

Results

Severe depressive disorders were diagnosed in 2.0% of women and severe anxiety disorders in 1.1%. During pregnancy, 9.6% of women purchased psychotropic drugs. Of these women, 5.7% delivered an offspring with a major congenital anomaly. Women who purchased psychotropic drugs in pregnancy had an increased risk of delivering a child with major congenital anomalies compared with women who did not purchase psychotropic drugs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that purchase of benzodiazepines increased the risk of major congenital anomalies (odds ratio 2.11 [95% confidence interval 1.17 to 3.81]). Pregnant women purchasing psychotropic drugs more often lived alone and smoked, had higher body mass index, and had lower annual income and educational attainment than women not purchasing psychotropic drugs.

Conclusions

Benzodiazepine use, but not socioeconomic status, may be associated with major congenital abnormalities in offspring.
Vection is enhanced by visual oscillation based on four-stroke apparent motion
Authors: Nakamura Shinji , Palmisano Stephen
Published: January 2025

Illusions of self-motion (vection) can be improved by adding global visual oscillation to patterns of optic flow. Here we examined whether adding apparent visual oscillation (based on four-stroke apparent motion—4SAM) also improves vection. This apparent vertical oscillation was added to self-motion displays simulating constant velocity leftward self-motion. Our psychophysical experiment found that adding 4SAM oscillation to this optic flow significantly shortened the onset latency, and increased the rated strength, of our participants’ vection. Interestingly, we found that the vection onset latencies in this 4SAM oscillation condition were similar to those produced when “real” oscillation was instead added to the optic flow—even though adding “real” oscillation (based on the global and continuous displacement of dots over time) generally resulted in stronger vection experiences. These results show vection can be enhanced by both “real” and apparent 4SAM visual stimuli indicating self-acceleration. They also confirm that global visual displacements are not required to generate these oscillation-based advantages for vection.
Prediction of FeO content in sintered ore based on ICEEMDAN and CNN-BiLSTM-AM
Authors: Fan Jinxin , Yang Huan , Li Xiaotong , Jiang Yushan , Wu Zhaoxia
Published: January 2025

FeO content of sintered ore is an important reference index for measuring the performance of sintered ore. It significantly impacts the ironmaking process, iron quality, and energy consumption. Aiming at the current problem of delayed and poor accuracy of sintered ore FeO content detection results, this article proposes a hybrid network model that incorporates improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and attention mechanism (AM) for FeO content prediction. First, the FeO content time series were decomposed using ICEEMDAN to obtain sub-layers with different frequencies. Then, the features with higher correlation with FeO content were selected by feature selection as model inputs, followed by predicting the decomposition sequences of FeO content using CNN-BiLSTM-AM for the feature-selected variables, respectively. Finally, all predicted sublayer predictions were reconstructed into the final prediction by summation. The proposed model effectively captures the essence of the sequence through the ICEEMDAN algorithm, extracts deep features from FeO content data using CNN, captures contextual information through BiLSTM, and enhances feature extraction capability with AM. The experimental results show that the collaboration of CNN, BiLSTM, and AM effectively enhances the modelling capability of the model and significantly improves the prediction accuracy. Additionally, the ICEEMDAN decomposition algorithm is employed to enhance the prediction performance further, offering advantages over other decomposition techniques. The MAE, MAPE, RMSE, RRMSE, and R² of the new ICEEMDAN-CNN-BiLSTM-AM (ICBA) model are 0.0751, 0.846%, 0.0937, 1.0500%, and 0.9646, respectively, demonstrating a significant improvement in prediction accuracy and outperforming the relevant comparison models.
Exploring ableism and occupational therapy: Occupational therapy students’ perspectives
Authors: Darton Hannah , Wadey Alison , Laver-Fawcett Alison
Published: January 2025

Aim:

To explore occupational therapy students’ perspectives on ableism and its implications for occupational therapy practice. This formed part of a wider study that also explored occupational therapy educators’ perspectives.

Method:

An online survey was used to collect students’ perspectives, using a mixture of Likert scales and open-ended questions.

Findings:

The sample comprised 56 occupational therapy students from the United Kingdom ( n = 36), United States of America ( n = 16) and Canada ( n = 4) enrolled in a mixture of undergraduate ( n = 13) and postgraduate ( n = 43) pre-registration degree programmes. Thirty-four percent of respondents perceived occupational therapy as inherently ableist. This rose to 50% after respondents were presented with a comprehensive definition of ableism. Students reported witnessing and/or experiencing ableism within education (63%) and practice placements (55%). Eighty-six percent of students recognised they may hold unconscious ableist views, and 96% agreed they would like more support to engage in disability studies.

Conclusion/Impact:

Findings indicated a potential link between understanding of ableism and students’ views that occupational therapy is ableist. Most students were aware of the potential they hold unconscious biases and welcomed support to engage further with disability studies. Further qualitative research is needed. Following this, systemic changes to address the harm of ableism can begin to be addressed.
Career planning and development for occupational therapists working in mental health: A scoping review
Authors: Fitzpatrick Pamela , Bye Rosalind , Eriksson Clyde , Liu Karen PY , Lim David
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The recent UK Royal College of Occupational Therapists survey found a significant proportion of respondents expressed an intention to leave the profession despite the majority agreeing that occupational therapy is a rewarding career. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the literature on enablers and barriers to career planning and development for occupational therapists working in mental health.

Methods:

We searched Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, TROVE, Research Direct and websites of relevant professional organizations.

Results:

Twenty-six papers were included. Most of the articles were set exclusively in Australia and can be categorized into: career planning and development, workforce planning, onboarding, recruitment and retention. Resource shortages, gender, age, unmet expectations, organizational demands and the lack of a career pathway framework were identified as barriers. Enablers of career success include undergraduate mental health practice placements, early career programmes, personal motivation, greater flexibility, professional resilience, leadership training and research opportunities.

Conclusion:

A better understanding of the factors that influence career development can facilitate focused recruitment and help retention.
A multi-stage multivariable offshore wind speed assessment system incorporating statistical analysis, decomposition, feature selection, bias correction, and attention-based hybrid prediction
Authors: Cai Jingjing , Peng Cheng , Xu Li , Wu Beibei , Bian Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Efficient and accurate analysis of wind resources is essential for offshore wind power assessment and energy system dispatch. Different from single-variable prediction, this work proposes a multi-stage multivariable offshore wind speed assessment system. Firstly, the main variable is decomposed into three terms using seasonal-trend decomposition with loess (STL). Six highly correlated variables are then selected from 13 wind speed factors using a combination of three methods. Prediction model is built using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory networks (BiLSTM) based on Multi-Head Self-Attention (MSA) mechanisms, wherein Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) are added. Sub-term prediction biases are corrected using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) optimized by the Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO). Wind speed for four specific months representing the four seasons of an offshore wind farm is computed. Comparative experiments show that the proposed method achieves excellent performance with high prediction accuracy.
In-plane compressive properties of 3D braided jute/epoxy composite honeycombs: Structure-property relationships
Authors: Li Qian-qian , Mosleh Yasmine , Zhang Hong-hua , Li Wei , Alderliesten René
Published: January 2025

To achieve the integrity of the honeycomb structure without interlocking or bonding, a 3D braided honeycomb structure was designed and developed using natural fiber (jute) reinforced epoxy resin. To optimize the in-plane compressive performance of 3D braided composite honeycombs, the effects of resin, unit cell opening angle, and joint wall length on the in-plane compressive strength, deformability, stiffness and energy absorption were investigated. Furthermore, a theoretical model was established between braiding parameters, geometric parameters of honeycomb cell structure, and in-plane compressive modulus. It is found that if 3D braided composite honeycombs are designed for high load-bearing capacity, it is necessary to reduce the resin strain to failure, increase free wall columns, align the angle between the free wall with the main loading direction, or load along the braiding direction. If the design objective is to maximize the energy absorption, the number of cell rows must be maximized. This study establishes the relationship between braiding parameters, honeycomb geometric parameters, and the in-plane compression performance of the 3D braided composite honeycomb, providing a reference for its structural design and performance optimization.
A Warm Water Immersion Intervention for Symptoms of PTSD in Military Veterans: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Benfield Rebecca Day , Dingley Catherine , Reyes Andrew Thomas , Serafica Reimund , Brown Alicia
Published: January 2025

Background

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a substantial problem for Veterans and active members of armed forces across the globe, resulting in debilitating mental and physical comorbidities. Evidence-based treatments have demonstrated some success; however, many Veterans remain symptomatic mandating the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of military Veterans with PTSD symptoms who participated in a therapeutic warm water immersion intervention aimed at reducing their symptoms.

Methods and Procedures

A standardized warm 33 °C (92 °F) water immersion intervention to the chest, lasting 45 min was implemented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the 13 participants (age 23–41) after engaging in the intervention. Using a qualitative descriptive design informed by phenomenology, thematic analysis was completed, applying criteria of rigor throughout the process.

Results

Five main themes explicated the participants’ experience: the rhythm of relaxed, embracing the properties of the water, the pain floats away, acclimatize to calmness, and a place to set your mind. Participants described a sense of relaxation, calmness, pain reduction, and a means to control intrusive thoughts. All indicated they would recommend the intervention and provided feedback on how to refine it.

Conclusions

As a component of a larger study, these qualitative findings revealed the potential for therapeutic effects of a novel water immersion intervention. The findings serve to inform revisions to the intervention for future research and practice. Immersion provides a fast-acting, non-stigmatizing adjunct therapy for student Veterans who continue to experience symptoms during and after standard evidence-based treatment.
Special Issue on Anti-Racism, Health, and Nursing
Authors: Salami Bukola , Wong Josephine Pui-Hing
Published: January 2025

Although race is socially constructed, racism and racialization are social determinants of health. Over four centuries of colonial genocide and structural violence against Indigenous and Black peoples in Canada have resulted in intergeneration traumas and health disparities among Indigenous and Black people, sustained by ongoing social, political, and economic inequities. Evidence indicates the impact of contemporary and historical forms of racism on health outcomes. This special issue invited papers that could contribute to our understanding of the role of racism in nursing and health in Canada as well as solutions to tackle racism in healthcare and the nursing profession. Our call for proposals produced around 16 articles, all of which provide critical insight to address racism in nursing and healthcare. These articles explore the experience of racism in Indigenous, Black, Asian, and other populations across education, clinical, and community settings. They also advance our understanding on philosophical and theoretical approaches to address racism and provide us with effective tools and insight to address racism in nursing and healthcare in Canada.
Bibliometric analysis and trends related to dental tourism: Qualitative, social, economic and ethical implications
Authors: Brescia Valerio , Cavarra Francesco , Campra Maura , Boffano Paolo , Rocchetti Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

This article delves into the multifaceted realm of dental tourism, scrutinizing patient incentives, economic ramifications, and ethical aspects. An in-depth 2023 analysis discerns research gaps, underscoring the necessity for a more exhaustive investigation to enrich the understanding of the global oral healthcare landscape. Utilizing bibliometric analysis method, the study examines the worldwide trajectory of scientific publications on dental tourism. Employing Scopus, it dissects document types, annual production, authorship, and international collaborations. The results spotlight microvariables derived from Saxena, Deheriya, Datla’s macrovariables, unveiling influencers on dental tourism, ranging from social and economic to cultural factors. The study advocates for defined bilateral agreements to ensure quality care and stresses ethical considerations, emphasizing shared standards and legal implications. Economic ramifications, both positive and negative, are discussed, with an expanding global focus on dental tourism evident. In conclusion, the study accentuates micro variables, signaling avenues for future research.
Experimental and numerical optimization study on CNTs/Al composites drilling based on response surface methodology
Authors: Zhao Bintong , Gao Qi , Liu Jiayi , Jia Dongzhou
Published: January 2025

Carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum (CNTs/Al) composites have been widely used in the aviation field due to their excellent properties, but there are still problems in their drilling, such as unclear damage mechanisms and poor hole quality. This study investigates the removal mechanism of CNTs/Al composites during drilling by finite element simulation and single factor experiments, and the impact of process parameters on hole wall morphology and the quality of the entrance edge is revealed. Optimal process parameter combinations are determined based on the response surface methodology (RSM) and multiobjective optimization via the NSGA-II genetic algorithm, with method verification. The results show that during the drilling process of CNTs/Al composites, CNTs primarily experience fragmentation, rebound, and pull-out, while the Al matrix exhibits partial tearing and interfacial separation. The coating of the Al matrix and CNT agglomeration contribute to defects like burrs and microcracks. Entrance damage is notably more severe than exit damage, characterized by higher tearing factor values, longer side burrs, and increased trajectory scratch areas. The main process parameter that affects surface roughness and entrance tear is feed rate. The results of multiobjective optimization are n = 3830 r/min, f = 0.0674 m/min, h = 2.0558 mm, with Ra = 6.327 μ,m and LD1 = 1.01732. Experimental validation shows Ra = 6.331 μm and LD1 = 1.01743, with errors of 0.063% and 0.011%, respectively.
Proportion, domains, and risk factors of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ben Bouzid Anissa , Somai Mehdi , Daoud Fatma , Arbaoui Ibrahim , Ben Dhaou Besma , Bellali Hedia , Boussema Fatma , Rachdi Imene , Aydi Zohra
Published: January 2025

Objective

Cognitive impairment (CI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is quite common and is an important prognostic factor due to its severity. The aim of our study was to determine the proportion and type of CI in SLE and to identify associated risk factors.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study (January - March 2022). Participants included SLE patients and controls (No-SLE). SLE patients were subdivided into those with and those without CI to identify associated risk factors. CI was defined based on the results of eight specific tests assessing various cognitive functions, with MMSE used for overall cognitive assessment. Impairment was indicated by abnormalities in at least five of these eight functions.

Results

Our study included 60 lupus and 40 non-lupus participants. The median disease duration of patients in the SLE group was 72 months (interquartile range: 24 – 150 months). The proportion of cognitive impairment in SLE was 31.7%. The comparative study of cognitive functions between the two groups of participants with and without SLE concluded that executive functions and verbal fluency were more impaired in the lupus group compared to the non-lupus group. It also concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in attention and concentration, episodic memory, working memory, calculation, visuospatial and visuoconstructive activity, or judgement. In the multivariate analysis, patients with SLE have a significantly higher risk of CI (Adjusted OR 3.76, 95% CI: 1.217 – 11.621) compared to non-SLE individuals. Each additional year of age increases the risk by 4.4% (Adjusted OR 1.044, 95% CI: 1.008 – 1.082). For factors associated with CI in SLE, the multivariate analysis concluded that the duration of corticosteroid therapy, by months, had an adjusted OR equal to 1.009 (CI (95%): 1.000–1.018), and the duration of education, by years, had an adjusted OR equal to 0.857 (CI (95%): 0.736–0.999).

Conclusion

Screening for CI in lupus patients is important, especially for those with factors associated with these disorders such as prolonged duration of corticosteroid therapy and shortened schooling.
Wilderness values in rewilding: Transatlantic perspectives
Authors: De Vroey Linde , Obst Arthur R.
Published: January 2025

This article re-investigates the underlying values driving the rapidly growing rewilding movement in Europe and North America. In doing so, we respond to a common academic narrative that draws a sharp distinction between North American and European approaches to rewilding. Whereas the first is said to promote a colonial vision of wilderness, European rewilding is claimed to value a more inclusive notion of wildness. We challenge this narrative through a genealogical investigation into the wild(er)ness ideas that inspired rewilding, showing that North American and European rewilding draw from similar philosophical sources with cross-continental origins. Thus, we contend that a linguistic shift from ‘wilderness’ to ‘wildness’ fails to engage substantively with the colonial critique it alleges to resolve. Through two case studies, we show how both wilderness and wildness concepts have been employed to support either colonialism or decolonial resistance and draw attention to the need to consider specific socio-political contexts when assessing rewilding. Ultimately, we propose that reclaiming a liberatory meaning of wild(er)ness, articulated in a critical tradition of wild(er)ness advocacy, will be an essential step in decolonising rewilding.
Communicating biodiversity research on YouTube: An experimental comparison of scientists and third-party presenters
Authors: Ruzi Selina A. , Smith Adrian A. , Lee Nicole M.
Published: January 2025

Online videos are a popular medium for science communication. These videos can be presented from many perspectives, including scientists sharing their own work or a third-party presenting research findings. A mixed between- and within-subjects experiment ( n = 620) was conducted in the United States to assess the impact of narrative perspective on the communication objectives of increasing knowledge, changing perceptions, and influencing behavior related to bee diversity. Results indicate that watching a video presented by a scientist was associated with higher levels of perceived competence and a higher likelihood to mention a person or persons when recalling the video. However, we did not find significant effects of narrative perspective on knowledge gain and behavioral intentions to help support bee diversity.
Against ‘Integration’ in Research and Practice with International Students
Authors: Mittelmeier Jenna
Published: January 2025

Integration is a commonly used term that is ubiquitous throughout research and practice with international students. This essay exposes some of the common assumptions underpinning this concept through an interdisciplinary lens, with a reflection on its conceptual history from Durkheim and Tinto. I argue that more critical and ethical approaches are urgently needed in research and practice with international students, which requires abandoning integration as the primary lens through which we view the field. The essay concludes with some questions that scholars and practitioners might consider for thinking beyond integration.
Investigation of networked SSHI configurations for plate-based piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Tarhan Engin , Hoseyni Seyed Morteza , Aghakhani Amirreza , Basdogan Ipek
Published: January 2025

Piezo-patch energy harvesters attached to plate-like structures can be used to extract multimodal vibrational energy. For each piezo-patch, SSHI circuits can boost the harvested power compared to standard rectifier circuits. However, the effect of using different configurations of the SSHI network for multiple piezo-patches on plate structures has not yet been understood. This study aims to assess the performance of the networked SSHI configurations compared to networked rectifier configurations and investigate the optimum configurations for energy harvesting purposes. For this, three piezo-patches are bonded to an aluminum plate and connected to single and/or multiple circuits. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the electromechanical system is developed from the experimentally validated analytical model and utilized in simulation software LTspice. The performances of considered configurations are evaluated regarding peak power outputs, and the optimal load resistances are obtained. Based on the experimental findings, the best configuration is determined and verified by simulations. The results show that by using respective SSHIs, the power output can be improved by preventing charge cancellation despite the cost of increased diode loss. This study contributes to our understanding of optimal energy harvesting techniques by investigating the effectiveness of networked SSHI configurations for multiple piezo-patches on plate structures.
Deep guided wave convolution neural network committee-based multi-path fusion diagnosis method for fatigue corner crack
Authors: Chen Jian , Jing Hutao , Meng Yixing , Yuan Shenfang
Published: January 2025

Accurate diagnosis of crack size is a critical task for guided wave (GW)-based structural health monitoring (SHM). However, fatigue cracks would have complex morphology due to complex structural geometries and loading conditions, in which multiple dimension characteristics, like crack length, depth, and angle are involved. It is challenging to quantitatively evaluate these characteristics with GW signals from a single excitation-sensing path. This paper proposes a novel deep guided wave convolution neural network (CNN) committee-based multi-path GW fusion diagnosis method, aiming at quantitative evaluation of dimension characteristics of the complex fatigue damage. GW signals from multiple excitation-sensing paths are synthesized as a high-dimension input image to enhance the effects of the fatigue crack. Besides, the deep GW-CNN committee is developed for damage quantification, in which each GW-CNN is trained with a portion of the training dataset to reduce the impact of small sample size. The proposed method is validated on fatigue tests of landing gear beam specimens under variable amplitude loading, which is designed referring to the critical region of a real aircraft and its fatigue crack presents as a corner crack. The leave-one-out validation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially improvements in the diagnosis of small cracks.
Solution-Focused Cognitive Group Intervention in Facilitating Benefit Finding of Petitioners
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lei Junan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to use solution-focused cognitive group intervention (SCGI), which combines cognitive behavioral therapy with solution-focused brief therapy, to improve the benefit finding of petitioners.

Method

This intervention includes six sessions and two follow-up tests (at three months and six months). Sixty-four petitioners (mean age = 44.31, standard deviation = 4.43) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (32 participants) and the control group (32 participants). The SCGI group aims to enhance benefit finding and reduce anxiety. Solution-focused thinking, strength knowledge, and strength use make up the intervention components.

Results

The intervention effectively improved participants’ benefit finding and reduced their anxiety, with long-term effects. The control group did not change. Network analysis indicates that strength use has the greatest influence in the network.

Discussion

For future research, it is imperative to focus on participants’ strengths to comprehend the efficacy mechanisms and enhance the intervention framework.
Urdu Translation and Psychometric Validation of Stigma Beliefs Scale
Authors: Abbas Rizwan , Bracke Piet , Delaruelle Katrijn
Published: January 2025

Purpose/Aim

This study aims to translate and adapt the Personal and Perceived Public Stigma Beliefs Scale from the Eurobarometer into Urdu, subsequently modifying and evaluating its psychometric properties among Pakistani adolescents and young adults.

Methods

1328 college students aged 15–24 from Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan participated in this cross-sectional study, using the stigma beliefs scale to measure attitudes toward mental illness.

Results

The Urdu version demonstrated good internal reliability (α = 0.76 for personal and 0.74 for perceived public stigma beliefs). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable indices, with loadings from 0.52 to 0.74 for personal and 0.46 to 0.71 for perceived public stigma beliefs. A significant positive correlation was found between personal and perceived public stigma beliefs and perceived public social distancing and services stigma.

Conclusion

The Urdu version of the modified Stigma Beliefs Scale has reliable psychometric characteristics for evaluating attitudes toward mental illness among Pakistani adolescents and young adults.
Unveiling the underlying motor control mechanism of arm-trunk-leg coordinated humanoid exoskeletal interlimb locomotor robotic neurorehabilitation
Authors: Park Seonmi , Oh Wonjun , Park Chanhee , You Joshua (Sung) H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Arm-leg coordinated humanoid exoskeletal robots offer a solution to the ‘unnatural’ gait patterns seen in current leg-only exoskeletons, but their neuromechanical control mechanisms require further exploration.

Objective

This study investigates the neuromechanical properties and modulation of cervical and lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs) across different gait training conditions.

Methods

Eleven healthy adults (mean age: 25.27 ± 1.95 years; 5 females, 6 males) participated in gait analysis involving kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography during treadmill-based arm-leg interlimb coordination (TIT), robot-assisted arm-leg coordination (RIT), and robot-assisted leg-only coordination (RLT).

Results

Trunk counterrotation and shoulder, hip, and knee kinematics in RIT closely resembled those in TIT (5–10% variance) but significantly differed from RLT (30–40% variance). Electromyography revealed normalized reciprocal activation between the anterior and posterior deltoids (r = -0.48), tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius (r = -0.68) during RIT, while RLT showed altered agonist-antagonist co-activation (r = 0.84).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of cervical and lumbar CPG interaction in natural locomotion, suggesting that arm-leg coordinated exoskeletons could improve neurorehabilitation for individuals recovering from stroke or spinal cord injury.