bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND A SIMULATIONAL INVESTIGATION OF A PLANAR SYSTEM UNDER OBLIQUE MULTIPOINT IMPACT WITH FRICTION
Authors: Warzecha Mariusz
Published: October 2020

This article presents a mathematical model of a planar system for the multipoint, oblique, and eccentric impact of rough bodies. The created model served for numerical investigations of the system’s behaviour. To analyse the influence of various parameters, three simplified cases were defined. Each of these cases focused on different aspects of the simulation. The first case was used to determine how many contacting bodies undergo impact at a given time point. This result was then compared with the experimental observations, which gave good agreement. The second case investigated the influence of the body configuration and the coefficient of friction (COF) on the sliding process during impact. Depending on the parameter values, the sliding process was divided into three main areas: slip-reversal slip, slip-stick, and continuous slip with increasing sliding velocity. The third case focused on the energy dissipation expressed by the coefficient of restitution (COR) and the angle of incidence of the initiating impact; this case showed possible improvement areas of the used impact force model.
Ambivalenz der Gegenseitigkeit
Authors: Haas Benjamin
Published: October 2020

This study is the first to place development policy volunteer services in the context of fundamental social theory. Using the theory of reciprocity, it identifies the deeper levels of logic on which development policy volunteer services are based. In doing so, it analyses ambiguous and asymmetrical forms of reciprocity in relation to post-colonial theoretical approaches in particular, while addressing the following questions:

What effects does this positioning have on processes of reciprocity in the context of ‘development’?

What forms of rationale from the concept of ‘give and take’ are carried over to processes of exchange between the North and the South?

What challenges does all this pose in terms of cooperative partnerships and educational support?

The new and updated edition of this book uses the German volunteer service Weltwärts as a case study and reflects the changes made to the programme since 2012, such as the introduction of South–North elements. Moreover, this edition examines volunteer services in other countries.
Kinder- und Jugendhilferecht
Authors: Münder Johannes , Trenczek Thomas , von Boetticher Arne , Tammen Britta
Published: October 2020

Based on the stipulations in the Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) VII, the eighth chapter of Germany’s social code, this book examines the law on child and youth welfare against the background of current societal and legal developments. It provides the readers with a sound introduction to the fundamental structures of the law on youth welfare and with the necessary legal, sociological and empirical background knowledge to fulfil tasks in the field of child and youth welfare according to professional standards and in a practically oriented way.

Numerous graphs, tables, summaries and process charts are used to illustrate the explanations in the book, and there are references to the most important works for further reading and case law in each chapter. The book also incorporates the recent legislative changes and case law in this field, with the result that this new edition provides an up-to-date introduction to the law on child and youth welfare with regard to training and everyday practice.

This textbook has not only been compiled to help students of social work and social pedagogy, but also allows those working for youth welfare services and voluntary organisations to have easier and reliable access to the current law in this respect, and it promotes a critical, interdisciplinary examination of both the law on and the day-to-day workings of child and youth welfare.
What Place for Fairness in Digital Content Contracts?
Authors: Reyna Agustin
Published: October 2020

Verbraucher sehen sich häufig Beschränkungen beim Zugang zu und bei der Nutzung von online angebotenen Inhalten ausgesetzt, die in Endbenutzer-Lizenzvereinbarungen durchgesetzt werden. Diese Beschränkungen können mit den durch das EU-Verbraucherrecht geschützten Verbraucherinteressen kollidieren. Dieses Buch bewertet die ungeklärte Beziehung zwischen dem EU-Urheberrecht und dem Verbraucherrecht, indem es die geltenden Rechtsvorschriften für die Bereitstellung digitaler Inhalte, einschließlich der neuen Richtlinie über digitale Inhalte und digitale Dienste und der Richtlinie über das Urheberrecht im digitalen Binnenmarkt, sowie die einschlägige Rechtsprechung des EuGH zur Beurteilung von Grundrechtskonflikten im Zusammenhang mit urheberrechtlichen Nutzungsbeschränkungen sorgfältig berücksichtigt. Dieses Buch enthält einen Vorschlag für einen integrativen Ansatz, der darauf abzielt, die Interessen von Urheberrechtsinhabern und Verbrauchern beim Zugang zu digitalen Inhalten und deren Nutzung miteinander in Einklang zu bringen.
Relationship Between “Simulated Patient Scenarios and Role-Playing” Method and OSCE Performance in Senior Anesthesiology Residents: A Correlation Assessment Study
Authors: Dabbagh Ali , Abtahi Dariush , Aghamohammadi Homayoun , Ahmadizadeh Seyyedeh Narjes , Ardehali Seyed Hossein ,   Anesthesiology Department
Published: October 2020

Background: “Simulated-patient scenarios and role-playing” and OSCE are among the many non-traditional education methods with variable results in different clinical settings. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the correlation between the results of these two methods in senior anesthesiology residents, with a special focus on four of the six ACGME core competencies. Methods: During two years, senior anesthesiology residents were subject to “simulated patient scenario and role-playing” sessions. Two faculty members took the role of the patient and one of the relatives. An objective checklist with 15 items was prepared to be rated by other department faculty members. Meanwhile, an ordered pattern of OSCE was prepared to cover four core competencies that were more related to this academic process (from a total of six core competencies). The mean and standard deviation of the score of each of the 15 items in the checklist were calculated. The correlation between cumulative checklist scoring results and OSCE exam results was assessed. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 40 senior anesthesiology residents, with 344 assessments by faculty members in 40 sessions, were enrolled in the study. The questionnaire’s Cronbach’s alpha reliability was 0.74. No statistically significant disparity was detected between the results of the two assessment methods, while the results of the two assessments had a significant correlation (two-tailed correlation coefficient = 0.886; P value < 0.001). Conclusions: There was an objective relationship between the results of “simulated patient scenario and role-playing” strategies and the results of OSCE exams using an observer-based rating method. Thus, they could be used as surrogates in the assessment of core clinical competencies of senior anesthesiology residents.
Histopathologic Features of 1000 Cholecystectomy Specimens
Authors: Ahadi Mahsa , Mollasharifi Tahmineh , Kazeminezhad Behrang , Abdolahi Mitra , Sadeghi Amir , Khoshnevis Jalaluddin , Hajizadeh Fallah Hady , Alizadeh Shahriar , Rezaei Mitra Sadat , Jamali Elena
Published: October 2020

Background: One of the most common gastrointestinal surgeries is cholecystectomy. Gallstones are the major causes of cholecystectomy and induce various histopathologic changes. Gallbladder carcinoma is rare with poor prognosis. Metaplasic changes in gallbladder epithelium are considered precancerous lesions. Objectives: This study aimed at revealing the spectrum of histopathological patterns of gallbladder diseases in cholecystectomy specimens. Methods: A total of 1004 gallbladder H & E stained slides of cholecystectomy specimens over one year were studied. Histopathological evaluation was done by 6 pathologists in terms of variables. Results: In our study, the male: female ratio was 1:2.1. The age of patients varied from 17 to 96 years with a mean age of 49.1 years. The mean age of patients with gallstones was 47.52 years and was more common in women. Cholesterol, pigmented, and mixed stones were reported in 58.36%, 39.03%, and 2.6% of gallstones, respectively. The most common histological morphology was chronic calculous cholecystitis (61.18%). The incidence of metaplasia and invasive carcinoma was 19.55% and 0.2%, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, histopathological analysis of gallbladder diseases in the cholecystectomy specimens revealed that chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common histologic finding. Gallstones were found more commonly in women and cholesterol stone was the predominant type. Pyloric metaplasia was the most frequent type of metaplasia. The rate of invasive carcinoma is compatible with those reported in the literature. Routine histopathological analysis of the cholecystectomy specimens will help to detect incidental carcinoma and precursors of malignancy.
Biophysical parameters analysis in the detection of coverage changes and land use in a conservation unit in the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Danelichen Victor Hugo de Morais , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi
Published: October 2020

In order to preserve the Private Reserve of SESC Pantanal Natural Heritage (RPPN) was established in 1997. The physiognomies there show rapid transitions, which makes it difficult to classify land use and complex dynamics of the flood regime. Therefore, the object of this work was to evaluate the temperature dynamics and biophysical parameters in a reserve in the Brazilian Pantanal. Precipitation data and images from the Landsat 5 satellite were used to compute biophysical parameters. Our results demonstrate that the largest area is occupied by shrubby vegetation, followed by pasture, cambarazal and murundus fields. The albedo, the surface temperature, and the NDVI showed significant differences over the studied period and in the dry and rainy seasons. The vegetation indices showed the highest values in the years of 1989 during the rainy season, while the highest values of albedo and surface temperature were obtained a decade later, periods that precede the formation and expansion of the RPPN SESC-Pantanal. The LAI did not show any significant difference between the entire period studied and between the dry and rainy seasons, which demonstrates that most of the vegetation maintained during the period of formation, expansion and preservation of the RPPN.
Treatment With Efmoroctocog Alfa (Elocta®) in Hemophilia: A Case Series
Authors: Zanon Ezio , Tosetto Alberto , Radossi Paolo , Pasca Samantha , Bonetti Elisa , Cesaro Simone , Giuffrida Anna Chiara
Published: October 2020

Hemophilia A is a rare X-linked disease that occurs as a result of a defect in the FVIII-encoding gene. The reduction or absence of plasma FVIII compromises the coagulation cascade, resulting in frequent bleeds, especially in joints or soft tissues. Currently, replacement therapy with coagulation factor concentrates is the gold standard for the treatment of FVIII deficiency.Herein, we report a case series of five hemophilia A patients treated with an extended half-life recombinant human coagulation factor, FVIII-Fc fusion protein (efmoroctocog alfa). The prophylactic regimen for each patient was individualized based on their pharmacokinetic profile.Compared to previous prophylactic treatments, most patients received a reduced weekly dose of concentrate, all underwent a reduced frequency of administration, the annualized bleeding rates (ABR) and hemophilia joint health scores (HJHS) were stable or improved. The half-life of efmoroctocog alfa and the 72-hour trough levels were higher than those observed in the A-LONG Phase III trial.In conclusion, all patients reported clinical improvements and general subjective wellbeing in the absence of significant safety concerns after switching to efmoroctocog alfa.
Problems of protection of human rights in criminal procedure under the conditions of pandemic
Authors: Volodina Lyudmila Mil'tonovna
Published: October 2020

The object of this research is the relations on protection of human rights in criminal procedure justice in under the conditions of pandemic. The subject of this research is analysis of the activity of law enforcement and judicial systems in the country’s current situation. The proliferation of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation generated pervasive problems in this area. Recommendations contained in the Decisions of the Presidium of the Supreme Court and the Presidium of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation of March 18, 2020 and April 8, 2020 did not clarify the law enforcement practice, which led to ambiguity in the interpretation of certain provisions of these documents. The situation that formed in the country as a result of COVID-19 pandemic requires rationalization of a number of issues on the protection of human rights in nonstandard conditions of the work of judicial and law enforcement systems. Information from the open sources published on the Internet served as the foundation for this research. The conducted analysis is valuable for understanding the current situation, as well as for making appropriate decisions that are instrumental for the future. Based on the acquired results, the makes recommendations aimed at improvement of separate institutions of criminal law and criminal procedure law, namely Institution of the statute of limitations, institution of the suspension of proceedings in a criminal case. The scientific novelty consists in the exact wording of indicated recommendations on amending the current criminal procedure legislation.
Legal grounds of the activity of the Central Committee on Prisoners of War and Refugees (1918-1919)
Authors: Zasypkin Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the system and types of normative legal acts that regulate the establishment and activity of the Central Committee on Prisoners of War and Refugees as a part  of the Council of People’s Commissars on War Affairs of the RSFSR prior to being assigned to People's Commissariat for Interior Affairs of the RSFSR in May 1919. The establishment of migration authorities took place in the objectively severe conditions of civil war and foreign intervention, which affected their legal status. The scientific novelty of this work consists in provision of classification of legal acts in accordance with the legal force, subjects of compliance, content area, and the nature of regulations contained therein. The conducted research demonstrates that the formation of grounds of legal regulation of the activity of the Central Committee on Prisoners of War and Refugees tool place simultaneously with the establishment and development of the Soviet law as a new historical type of law, and these grounds are its constitute elements. The obtained results significantly broaden our historical knowledge, allow rationalizing experience of the past and implementing it in the educational process along with the current practice aimed at improvement of organization and activity of migration authorities.
Legal problems of the turnover of genetic information in judicial practice: medical and research spheres
Authors: Melikhova Yulia Andreevna
Published: October 2020

The subject of this study is the analysis of mainly foreign judicial practice on the turnover of genetic information in the fields of medicine and scientific research. The research methods are general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison and private scientific methods: comparative legal and formal legal. The author refers to the positions of the courts on private issues, including the duties of the attending physician and third parties to inform about the risks of genetic diseases of the patient's relatives, the rights of relatives to access genetic information after the patient's death, obtaining voluntary informed consent to participate in research, compares the approaches of the courts in the presence of similar cases in the practice of other regions of the country and foreign countries. В  The novelty of the study lies in the choice of the subject of the study and the conclusions obtained. The author analyzes foreign judicial practice on the issue of the turnover of genetic information in the medical and research fields, which has not been the subject of a separate study in the domestic literature until now. The author draws conclusions about the absence of uniform positions of the courts on the issues of understanding the content of genetic information, the limits of the right of relatives to receive genetic information of the patient. The courts agree (or the cases are isolated in practice) that participation in genetic research should be preceded by voluntary informed consent, which can be presumed and applies exclusively to the research provided for in it. Participants have no rights to research results, and open genes cannot be patented by researchers.
Estoppel in Russia: to the problem statement
Authors: Chereshneva Irina
Published: October 2020

In view of the continuing interest of the legal community in the problem of the prohibition of contradictory behavior or in the Anglo-American tradition of law вЂ“ estoppel, the subject of this study is an attempt to determine the legal nature of the so-called norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on estoppel. The topic chosen for the study becomes particularly relevant, since there is no consensus among representatives of legal science regarding the nature of estoppel; it is considered as an intersectoral principle, doctrine, institution of law, sanctions for violation of the principle of good faith, one of the manifestations of the principle of good faith, legal mechanism, etc. The author has attempted to consider estoppel from different angles: through the prism of English contract law (promissory estoppel), from the standpoint of the continental maxim "venire contra factum proprium", in relation to the principle of good faith. The research uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach; special legal methods (comparative legal, formal legal). As a result of the conducted research, we came to the following conclusions. The so-called norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on estoppel are a special case of the doctrine of consistent behavior, known to the continental legal order by the maxim "venire contra factum proprium", which acts as a manifestation of the principle of good faith. Proceeding from this, it is incorrect to designate the above norms as estoppel, because, firstly, even in the AngloвЂ“American tradition, the diversity of types of estoppel does not allow it to be considered as a universal principle, and, secondly, what is understood by estoppel in this system of law does not correspond to its Russian interpretation. In addition, being part of the Romano-Germanic legal family, the domestic legal order does not need to borrow alien legal phenomena, especially when similar legal constructions can not only be found in the depths of centuries, but also trace their evolution in the bosom of the continental legal system, to which Russia belongs.
A study on intuitionistic L-fuzzy T1 spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Islam R. , Hossain M. S. ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Hoque M. F. ,   Department of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology
Published: October 2020

The paper yields some new conjectures of intuitionistic lattice fuzzy ''T''1 spaces underlying to the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. These conjectures convey some appreciable and intriguing properties as “Good extension” and “Hereditary” properties. Despite these, all suppositions sustain under one-one, onto, and continuous mapping.
Integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches to reveal the synergistic mechanism of multiple components in Venenum Bufonis for ameliorating heart failure
Authors: Ren Wei , Luo Zhiqiang , Pan Fulu , Liu Jiali , Sun Qin , Luo Gang , Wang Raoqiong , Zhao Haiyu , Bian Baolin , Xiao Xiao , Pu Qingrong , Yang Sijin , Yu Guohua
Published: October 2020

Venenum Bufonis (VB), also called Chan Su in China, has been extensively used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating heart failure (HF) since ancient time. However, the active components and the potential anti-HF mechanism of VB remain unclear. In the current study, the major absorbed components and metabolites of VB after oral administration in rats were first collected from literatures. A total of 17 prototypes and 25 metabolites were gathered. Next, a feasible network-based pharmacological approach was developed and employed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of VB on HF based on the collected constituents. In total, 158 main targets were screened out and considered as effective players in ameliorating HF. Then, the VB components–main HF putative targets–main pathways network was established, clarifying the underlying biological process of VB on HF. More importantly, the main hubs were found to be highly enriched in adrenergic signalling in cardio-myocytes. After verified by molecular docking studies, four key targets (ATP1A1, GNAS, MAPK1 and PRKCA) and three potential active leading compounds (bufotalin, cinobufaginol and 19-oxo-bufalin) were identified, which may play critical roles in cardiac muscle contraction. This study demonstrated that the integrated strategy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking was helpful to uncover the synergistic mechanism of multiple constituents in TCM.
Effect of Zinc and Biofertilizer on Changes in Soil Fertility Status under Hybrid Rice – Chickpea Cropping Sequence in Alluvial Soils of Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kashyap Namrata , Pathak Rajendra , Sacchan A. K. , Dimree S.
Published: October 2020

Aims: The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in soil fertility status with the application of zinc and biofertilizers in hybrid rice and chickpea.

Study Design: The design taken for study was Randomized Block Design (RBD).

Place and Duration of Study: Students Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, between July 2018 – July – 2020.

Methodology: The experiment included twelve treatment groups replicated three times in Randomized Block Design.

Results: Soil parameters were also influenced with the application of zinc and biofertilizer. The available nitrogen varied between 192 to 223 kg ha-1 and 191 to 222 kg ha-1 at after harvest during first and second year in case of rice crop. The available phosphorus in case of rice was varied between 11.82 to 11.88 kg ha-1 at before harvest and 11.75 to 13.65 kg ha-1 at after harvest during first year. In case of available potassium it varied from 169 to 173 kg ha-1 at before harvest of the crop and 169 to 185 kg ha-1 at after harvest during first year. Similarly, significant increase in sulphur and zinc was also observed with application of zinc and biofertilizers. The available nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sulphur and zinc were analysed numerically highest with the application T7 (100 per cent RDN + 25 per cent N FYM + S40 + ZnO + *Azotobacter or **Rhizobium) as compared to control at before and after harvest the crop during both the years that is 2018-19 and 2019-20.  Similar trend was seen in case of chickpea crop.           

Conclusion: Therefore, the combination of micronutrients and biofertilizers, proved beneficial, indicating to use balanced fertilizers to get maximum benefit and maintaining soil health in rice-chickpea cropping system for the farmers of Central Uttar Pradesh conditions.
Performance Evaluation and Shelf Life of Onion Varieties in Western Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Kindeya Yirga Belay , Chermet Shushay , Zibelo Haile , Tuemay Asmelash , Kassie Mehari , Abraha Alemayo , Weldu Abraha
Published: October 2020

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important underground vegetable bulb crop of tropical and subtropical part of the world. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and conducted during 2016 to 2018 under irrigation condition at three testing sites. The experiment was designed to select high yielding and good shelf life varieties with the following specific objectives (1) to evaluate and select high yielding onion varieties, (2) to select the adaptable onion varieties and (3) to evaluate and select onion varieties having long shelf life. The study result showed that different variations were observed among the varieties; (29.82%) by environments, (21.94%) Genotype x Environment Interaction and genotypes (6.6. The high environmental variations and differential response of genotypes to the variable environments leading to inconsistency ranking of genotypes across years and locations. The highest yield was obtained  from Bombey red (440.3 kgha-1), followed by Nafis(395 kgha-1), Shendi(391 kgha-1), Nasik red(373 kgha-1) and Adama red(387 kgha-1) respectively. The highest %yield loss recorded from Adama red (28.30%) followed by Nafis (23.23%), Nasik red (22.90) Bombey red (22.48%) and Shendi (5.67%) respectively. Even though, the stability ranking of the varieties were varied among the stability parameters.  Nafis and Bombey red were found the most stable. While Nasik red, Adama red and Shendi unstable across years and locations.  From each of the onion varieties 5 kg was stored for three months and shelf life data recorded and analyzed using R software. Based on the study Shendi can store more than six months without any problem will be recommended and promoted for commercial production. Therefore, the stable varieties recommended and promoted for wider areas.
Managing Epoxy Tailing in Die Attach thru Design of Experiment
Authors: Capili Michael D.
Published: October 2020

Die attach epoxy dispensing is an automated factory environment that creates some special challenges. A robust production process begins with an understanding of the adhesives in their fluid state and which important parameters must be controlled. One of the most common problems encountered with adhesives in Die attach process is epoxy tailing. Tailing in this sense means the peak of the dispensed material falls away from the center of the dot when the nozzle finishes dispensing. Dispensing requirements, techniques, and equipment resulting from this experience are discussed. Guidelines for optimizing quality is given. In this research, epoxy-associated defects are eliminated by optimizing the Break tail parameter using the Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology. The DOE prediction profile result shows that the tailing parameters recommended is Broken tail delay: 200 ms and Break tail offset is 350 counts. This study is applicable for silver filled conductive adhesive epoxy with greater than 9K Viscosity and greater than 4 Thixotropic Index.
Reflections in the Educational Leadership Internship: Bridging Theory and Practice
Authors: Coker David
Published: October 2020

The present study explores how graduate students in an educational leadership program in the United States constructed reflections during an internship. An archival review of students’ assignments for a class was conducted. A constant comparison analysis which used grounded theory was carried out. Findings suggest there were two major typologies of reflections. For one group, reflections were centered around summarizing, showing appreciation, and offering buzzwords for improvement; a small group centered on capacity for change, showed discontent, and offered an alternative to current practices. Findings suggest reflections in education are of questionable value, and students would be better served by developing reflective capabilities using research methods. A review of the literature compares findings with previous research and theoretical perspectives. There is a discussion and recommendations to improve the reflective process for teachers and educational leaders.
Cytokine Storm, Corticosteroids and İnterleukin-6 Receptor Antibodies in Context of Antiinflammatory Treatment in COVID-19
Authors: Karcioglu Ozgur , Afacan Goksu , Ozkaya Bilgen , Yilmaz Ebru , Ersan Eylem , Yeniocak Selman , Hosseinzadeh Mandana
Published: October 2020

It is well established that cytokine storm is associated with more severe clinical course of COVID-19. Many clinical findings of COVID-19 and other severe viral infections (e.g. fever, muscle pain, respiratory distress, cough), are directly attributed to cytokine storm. For example, IL-6 and IL-10 can be used as predictors for expedient diagnosis of patients with higher risk of deterioration. Hyper-inflammatory status in patients with severe COVID-19 is to be mitigated to alleviate signs and symptoms in cytokine storm. In case of deterioration of oxygenation and rapid progression of imaging (CT) findings, glucocorticoids can be used for a short time (3-5 days) for patients in whom overactivation of the body's inflammatory response is suspected. On the other hand, interleukin-6 receptor antibodies tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab can be used as immunomodulators, to suppress inflammation and to alleviate fever and other manifestations of immune response. Their beneficial efficacy is especially remarkable during the cytokine storm period. It should be kept in mind that the agents to be used in the management of any given patient should be tailored for each situation.
The Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA decay factor PAT1 functions in osmotic stress responses and decaps ABA‐responsive genes
Authors: Zuo Zhangli , Roux Milena Edna , Sæmundsson Holger Páll , Müller Maren , Munne Bosch Sergi , Petersen Morten
Published: October 2020

mRNA decapping plays essential roles in regulating gene expression during cellular reprogramming in response to developmental and environmental cues. The evolutionarily conserved PAT1 proteins activate decapping by binding mRNA, recruiting other decapping components, and promoting processing body (PB) assembly. Arabidopsis encodes 3 PAT proteins: PAT1, PATH1, and PATH2. Here, we report that only pat1 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to ABA and that transcripts of ABA‐responsive genes, but not those of ABA biosynthesis genes, persist longer in these mutants. The pat1 mutants also exhibit increased resistance to drought stress and resistance to Pythium irregulare. This is supported by assays showing that PAT1 functions specifically in decapping of the canonical ABA‐responsive gene COR15A. In summary, PAT1 protein mediates decay of ABA‐responsive genes and, thus, regulates stress responses.
Recommended dose voxel size and statistical uncertainty parameters for precision of Monte Carlo dose calculation in stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Ebert Martin A.
Published: October 2020

Monte Carlo (MC)‐based treatment planning requires a choice of dose voxel size (DVS) and statistical uncertainty (SU). These parameters effect both the precision of displayed dose distribution and time taken to complete a calculation. For efficient, accurate, and precise treatment planning in a clinical setting, optimal values should be selected. In this investigation, 30 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment plans, 10 brain, 10 lung, and 10 spine were calculated in the Monaco 5.11.02 treatment planning system (TPS). Each plan was calculated with a DVS of 0.1 and 0.2 cm using SU values of 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.50%, and 2.00%, along with a ground truth calculation using a DVS of 0.1 cm and SU of 0.15%. The variance at each relative dose level was calculated for all SU settings to assess their relationship. The variation from the ground truth calculation for each DVS and SU combination was determined for a range of DVH metrics and plan quality indices along with the time taken to complete the calculations. Finally, the effect of defining the maximum dose using a volume of 0.035 cc was compared to 0.100 cc when considering DVS and SU settings. Changes in the DVS produced greater variations from the ground truth calculation than changes in SU across the values tested. Plan quality metrics and mean dose values showed less sensitivity to changes in SU than DVH metrics. From this study, it was concluded that while maintaining an average calculation time of <10 min, 75% of plans could be calculated with variations of <2.0% from their ground truth values when using an SU setting of 1.50% and a DVS of 0.1 cm in the case of brain or spine plans, and a 0.2 cm DVS in the case of lung plans.
A study of the dosimetric impact of daily setup variations measured with cone‐beam CT on three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer delivered in the prone position
Authors: Xiao Annie , Jutzy Jessica , Hubert Greg , Edens Meghan , Washington Maxine , Hasan Yasmin , Chmura Steven J. , Al‐Hallaq Hania A.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the dosimetric impact of daily positioning variations measured with cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) on whole‐breast radiotherapy patients treated in the prone position.

Methods

Daily CBCT was prospectively acquired for 30 consecutive patients positioned prone. Treatment for early‐stage (≤II) breast cancer was prescribed with standard dose (50 Gy/25 fractions) or hypofractionation (42.56 Gy/16 fractions) for 13 and 17 patients, respectively. Systematic and random errors were calculated from the translational CBCT shifts and used to determine population‐based setup margins. Mean translations (±one standard deviation) for each patient were used to simulate the dosimetric impact on targets (PTV_eval and lumpectomy cavity), heart, and lung. Paired Student’s t tests at α = 0.01 were used to compare dose metrics after correction for multiple testing (P < 0.002). Significant correlation coefficients were used to identify associations (P < 0.01).

Results

Of 597 total fractions, 20 ± 13% required patient rotation. Mean translations were 0.29 ± 0.27 cm, 0.41 ± 0.34 cm, and 0.48 ± 0.33 cm in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior, and lateral directions leading to calculated setup margins of 0.63, 0.88, and 1.10 cm, respectively. Average three‐dimensional (3D) shifts correlated with the maximum distance of breast tissue from the sternum (r = 0.62) but not with body‐mass index. Simulated shifts showed significant, but minor, changes in dose metrics for PTV_eval, lung, and heart. For left‐sided treatments (n = 18), mean heart dose increased from 109 ± 75 cGy to 148 ± 115 cGy. Shifts from the original plan caused PTV_eval hotspots (V105%) to increase by 5.2% ± 3.8%, which correlated with the total MU of wedged fields (r = 0.59). No significant change in V95% to the cavity was found.

Conclusions

Large translational variations that occur when positioning prone breast patients had small but significant dosimetric effects on 3DCRT plans. Daily CBCT may still be necessary to correct for rotational variations that occur in 20% of treatments. To maintain planned dose metrics, unintended beam shifts toward the heart and the contribution of wedged fields should be minimized.
Biomolecule‐Directed Carbon Nanotube Self‐Assembly
Authors: Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Shaukat Ahmed , Lehtonen Inka , Kostiainen Mauri A.
Published: October 2020

The strategy of combining biomolecules and synthetic components to develop biohybrids is becoming increasingly popular for preparing highly customized and biocompatible functional materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) benefit from bioconjugation, allowing their excellent properties to be applied to biomedical applications. This study reviews the state‐of‐the‐art research in biomolecule–CNT conjugates and discusses strategies for their self‐assembly into hierarchical structures. The review focuses on various highly ordered structures and the interesting properties resulting from the structural order. Hence, CNTs conjugated with the most relevant biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, and lipids are discussed. The resulting well‐defined composites allow the nanoscale properties of the CNTs to be exploited at the micro‐ and macroscale, with potential applications in tissue engineering, sensors, and wearable electronics. This review presents the underlying chemistry behind the CNT‐based biohybrid materials and discusses the future directions of the field.
Electronic Metal–Support Interaction of Single‐Atom Catalysts and Applications in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Li Wenhao , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: October 2020

The electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI), which acts as a bridge between theoretical electronic study and the design of heterogenous catalysts, has attracted much attention. Utilizing the interaction between the metal and the support is one of the most essential strategies to enhance electrocatalytic efficiency due to structural and synergetic promotion. To date, as the ideal model for realizing EMSI, many types of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been developed. The understanding of the electronic interaction on SACs has also been pushed to a higher level. However, systematic theories and operando experiments are seldom reported, and will be necessary to put forward and be carried out, respectively. Herein, the types, characterization, mechanism, and electrocatalytic applications of EMSI are comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition to the basic information above, the challenges, opportunities, and future development of the EMSI on SACs are also proposed to present an overall view and reference to the later research.
Ionic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Ion‐Responsive Antimicrobial Membranes
Authors: Liu Bai‐Tong , Pan Xiao‐Hong , Nie Dan‐Yue , Hu Xiao‐Jing , Liu En‐Ping , Liu Tian‐Fu
Published: October 2020

Functionalization of hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for specific applications has been a long‐lasting challenge in HOF materials. Here, an efficient way to integrate functional species in the HOF structure through constructing an anionic framework is presented. The obtained HOFs, taking PFC‐33 (PFC = porous materials from FJIRSM,CAS) as an example, integrate a porphyrin photosensitizer as a porous backbone and a commercial biocide as counterions in the structure. The permanent channels and the electrostatic interaction between the framework and the counterions provide PFC‐33 ion‐responsive biocide‐release behavior in various physiological environments, thus exhibiting synergistic photodynamic and chemical antimicrobial efficiency. The unbonded carboxyl groups residing on the HOF surface further allow for manipulating the interfacial interaction between the PFC‐33 and the polymer matrix for membrane fabrication. Therefore, a polyHOF membrane with high stability, desired flexibility, and good permeability is obtained, which demonstrates noticeable bacterial inhibition toward Escherichia coli. This study may shed light on the functionalization of HOF materials for broad application potentials.
Cyclization of Polarized Divinyl Ketones under Aqueous and Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yadykov Anton V. , Yaminova Liana V. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Shirinian Valerii Z.
Published: October 2020

An ‘on‐water’ protocol has been developed for the synthesis of combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4) analogues by cyclization of polarized triaryldivinyl ketones using hydrochloric acid as a promoter in 45–95% yields. The reaction time was reduced by about 30 times due to ultrasonic irradiation at ambient temperature. The other advantages of this new method are operational simplicity, easy workup, no column purification, and applicability on a gram‐scale. It was shown that the amphiphilicity of the substrate and a low energy barrier of the reaction are a prerequisite for electrophilic and concerted reactions under aqueous and ambient conditions.

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A Metal‐ and Azide‐free Oxidative Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines and their Application to Construct C−C and C‐P Bonds, 2‐Cyclopropylquinolines and Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines
Authors: Shang Zhi‐Hao , Zhang Zhen‐Xiao , Weng Wei‐Zhao , Wang Yu‐Fei , Cheng Tian‐Wei , Zhang Qiu‐Yi , Song Li‐Qun , Shao Tian‐Qi , Liu Kai‐Xuan , Zhu Yan‐Ping
Published: October 2020

An iodine‐promoted one‐pot cascade oxidative annulation reaction has been developed for the synthesis of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines from methyl azaarenes and N‐tosylhydrazines. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and can be easily scaled up to gram‐scale. 1,2,3‐Triazoles are an important skeletal structure for the construction of C−C and C−P bonds, 2‐cyclopropylquinolines and imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines, for which different synthetic applications were explored.

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High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Operational Stability via n‐Type Small Molecule Additive‐Assisted Defect Passivation
Authors: Koo Donghwan , Cho Yongjoon , Kim Ungsoo , Jeong Gyujeong , Lee Junghyun , Seo Jihyung , Yang Changduk , Park Hyesung
Published: October 2020

Significant efforts have been devoted to modulating the grain size and improving the film quality of perovskite in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Adding materials to the perovskite is especially promising for high‐performance PSCs, because the additives effectively control the crystal structure. Although the additive engineering approach has substantially boosted the efficiency of PSCs, instability of the perovskite film has remained a primary bottleneck for the commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a newly conceived bithiophene‐based n‐type conjugated small molecule (Y‐Th2) is introduced to PSCs, which simultaneously enhances the performance and stability of the cell. The Y‐Th2 effectively passivates the defect states in perovskite through Lewis acid–base interactions, increasing the grain size and quality of the perovskite absorber. An inverted PSC containing the Y‐Th2 additive achieves a power conversion efficiency of 21.5%, versus 18.3% in the reference device. The operational stability is also considerably enhanced by the improved hydrophobicity and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the perovskite.
In Situ Hard‐Template Synthesis of Hollow Bowl‐Like Carbon: A Potential Versatile Platform for Sodium and Zinc Ion Capacitors
Authors: Fei Rixin , Wang Huanwen , Wang Qiang , Qiu Ruyun , Tang Shasha , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Fan Hong Jin
Published: October 2020

Metal‐ion capacitors are being widely studied to reach a balance between power and energy output by combining the merits of conventional batteries and capacitors. The main challenge for Na‐ion capacitors is that the battery‐type anode usually has unsatisfactory power density and long‐term stability since most Na host materials have a poor kinetic and structural stability. Herein, asymmetric hollow bowl‐like carbon (HBC) materials are rationally designed and fabricated through an in situ hard‐template approach. The formation originates from a subtle control of capillary force and the mechanical strength of the carbon shell. The HBCs possess abundant mesopores, high volumes of accessible surface area as well as an open macropore network. As a 3D host, MoSe2 nanocrystals are anchored onto the HBC matrix by a solid‐phase reaction. The obtained MoSe2@HBC nanobowl electrode exhibits pseudocapacitive sodium storage with fast kinetics, improved capacity at high currents, and cycle stability, which is also supported by DFT calculations. Sodium ion capacitor full cells are fabricated using the two bowl‐like architectures (MoSe2@HBC as the anode and HBC as the cathode), which deliver high energy and power densities, long cycle life, and a comparably low self‐discharge rate. Moreover, application of the HBC in a zinc‐ion capacitor (ZIC) is also demonstrated.
Pd‐Catalyzedortho‐C−H Olefination of Benzenesulfonamides Directed by 7‐Azaindole
Authors: Huo Xing , Han Jun , Yan Xiaoxiao , Zhang Heng , Xiong Juan , Liu Jian , Wang Xiaolei , Li Huilin , Huo Leiming
Published: October 2020

Demonstrated herein is a Pd‐catalyzedortho‐C−H olefination of benzenesulfonamides using 7‐azaindole as the directing group. This reaction proceeds with exclusiveorthoselectivity, high efficiency and broad substrate scope. This method also provides access to sulfonic acids andortho‐alkylated sulfonamides. Control experiments provides some insightful evidences to the mechanism and the plausible catalytic cycle is proposed to go through a unique seven‐membered palladacycle species.
Boosting the Energy Density of Aqueous Batteries via Facile Grotthuss Proton Transport
Authors: Zhao Qinghe , Song Aoye , Zhao Wenguang , Qin Runzhi , Ding Shouxiang , Chen Xin , Song Yongli , Yang Luyi , Lin Hai , Li Shunning , Pan Feng
Published: October 2020

The recent developments in rechargeable aqueous batteries have witnessed a burgeoning interest in the mechanism of proton transport in the cathode materials. Herein, for the first time, we report the Grotthuss proton transport mechanism in α‐MnO2 which features wide [2×2] tunnels. Exemplified by the substitution doping of Ni (≈5 at.%) in α‐MnO2 that increases the energy density of the electrode by ≈25 %, we reveal a close link between the tetragonal‐orthorhombic (TO) distortion of the lattice and the diffusion kinetics of protons in the tunnels. Experimental and theoretical results verify that Ni dopants can exacerbate the TO distortion during discharge, thereby facilitating the hydrogen bond formation in bulk α‐MnO2. The isolated direct hopping mode of proton transport is switched to a facile concerted mode, which involves the formation and concomitant cleavage of O−H bonds in a proton array, namely via Grotthuss proton transport mechanism. Our study provides important insight towards the understanding of proton transport in MnO2 and can serve as a model for the compositional design of cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous batteries.
A hexanuclear Nd (III) complex derived from a Schiff base with significant antitumor and antifungal activity
Authors: Hua Lijuan , Li Wenge , Chen Yan , Liang Kai , Cai He , Wang Jing , Wang Siyu , Yin Tianyue , Liang Lili
Published: October 2020

A hexanuclear Nd (III) complex {[Nd6(HL)2L2X2(NO3)8(EtOH)6]·(EtOH)(H2O)3} (H2L = 2,3‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde‐4‐aminoantipyrine; H2X = 2,3‐dihydroxy benzaldehyde) has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor and antifungal activity. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates Nd (III) complex has a trinuclear cluster structure, which further forms a hexanuclear monomer through two bridging ligands L2−. There are π–π interactions and a lot of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between monomers. Antitumor activity of Nd (III) complex against human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC‐7721 cells has been studied by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphology observation. The IC50value of Nd (III) complex ranges from 4.02 to 4.85 μM, much smaller than that of clinical drug (gemcitabin) and free ligand (H2L), which is consistent with its high inhibition rate of 90%. Inhibitory zone of 26 mm reveals the significant antifungal activity of Nd (III) complex againstCandida albicans.