bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nigericin Exerts Anticancer Effects on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Wei , Hua Shangbo , Han Ye , Xu Zhihua , Wan Daiwei , Wang Yilin , Chen Weichang , Kuang Yuting , Shi Jianming , Zhi Qiaoming
Published: February 2018

Nigericin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, which works by acting as an H+, K+, and Pb2+ ionophore, has exhibited promising anticancer activity. The main purpose of this study is to investigate its inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells and clarify the underlying mechanism. We exposed two colorectal cancer lines (SW620 and KM12) to increasing concentrations of nigericin for different time periods and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) values were evaluated. Our data showed that nigericin treatment significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners in colorectal cancer cells. The subsequent experiments in vitro and in vivo implied that nigericin could significantly suppress the tumor growth, migration, and invasion, and induce the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Our results of Western blot and immunofluorescence assay showed that nigericin could suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells with dose-dependent increased expressions of downstream effectors and target proteins. To further elucidate the inhibitory effects of nigericin via a β-catenin–dependent signaling mechanism, we established the stably β-catenin overexpression colorectal cancer cells. Western blot, SuperTOPFlash luciferase reporter, and immunoprecipitation assays all confirmed β-catenin as a critical intermediary and player in Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and nigericin exerted anticancer effects on colorectal cancer cells by directly targeting the β-catenin destruction complex. These results suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling might have an essential role in colorectal cancer progression. Nigericin targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling might provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of nigericin toward cancer cells, and suggest possible clinical application in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 952–65. ©2018 AACR.
Sustained Persistence of IL2 Signaling Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Peptide Vaccines through T-cell Expansion and Preventing PD-1 Inhibition
Authors: Sultan Hussein , Kumai Takumi , Fesenkova Valentyna I. , Fan Aaron E. , Wu Juan , Cho Hyun-Il , Kobayashi Hiroya , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Celis Esteban
Published: February 2018

Peptide vaccines can be a successful and cost-effective way of generating T-cell responses against defined tumor antigens, especially when combined with immune adjuvants such as poly-IC. However, strong immune adjuvants can induce a collateral increase in numbers of irrelevant, nonspecific T cells, which limits the effectiveness of the peptide vaccines. Here, we report that providing prolonged IL2 signaling in the form of either IL2/anti-IL2 complexes or pegylated IL2 overcomes the competitive suppressive effect of irrelevant T cells, allowing the preferential expansion of antigen-specific T cells. In addition to increasing the number of tumor-reactive T cells, sustained IL2 enhanced the ability of T cells to resist PD-1–induced negative signals, increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the vaccines against established tumors. This vaccination strategy using peptides and sustained IL2 could be taken into the clinic for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 617–27. ©2018 AACR.
Hearing Preservation with the Slim Modiolar Electrode Nucleus CI532® Cochlear Implant: A Preliminary Experience
Authors: Ramos-Macías Angel , Borkoski-Barreiro S.A. , Falcón-González J.C. , Ramos-de Miguel A.
Published: February 2018

As the indications for cochlear implant have expanded to include younger patients and individuals with greater degrees of residual hearing, increasing emphasis has been placed on atraumatic surgery and the preservation of the cochlear structure. Here, a descriptive prospective randomized study was performed. It was shown that residual hearing preservation is possible 12 months postoperatively with an atraumatic perimodiolar flexible electrode array CI532® (Cochlear Ltd, Sydney, Australia). Residual hearing preservation, considered as < 15 dB, was obtained in 70% of the cases. Better clinical outcomes and performance could be obtained compared with the previous perimodiolar CI512®, but further research and a longer follow-up are necessary to verify the impact of outcomes.
The Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil: Historical Development and Constitutional Acknowledgment
Authors: Calafate Pedro
Published: February 2018

The historical roots of the concept of original rights of the indigenous peoples of Brazil concerning the lands they traditionally occupy, enshrined in Article 231 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, refer to the law of nations, taught by Iberian teachers of the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly with regard to the scholastic concept of domain. We also show how the concept of Indigenato, formulated in 1912 by João Mendes Junior, considered over the past decades as the one that best illuminates Article 231 of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, is entirely founded on this Iberian school of natural law and law of nations, inviting us to a dialogue with the classics.
Why Intrinsicness Should Be Defined in a Non-reductive Way
Authors: Hoffmann-Kolss Vera
Published: February 2018

Defining the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic properties has turned out to be one of the most difficult and controversial tasks in contemporary metaphysics. It is generally assumed that a definition of intrinsicness should aim to avoid as many counterexamples as possible and reduce the notion to less controversial philosophical notions. In this paper, the author argues for a new methodological approach to defining intrinsicness. Rather than trying to cover as many intuitive examples as possible, a definition of intrinsicness should reflect the crucial features of our intuitive understanding of the notion, and one of these features is that the intrinsic/extrinsic distinction has to be characterized in a non-reductive way.
New combinations and lectotypifications in Distimake Raf. (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: PETRONGARI FERNANDA SATORI , SIMÕES ANA RITA , SIMÃO-BIANCHINI ROSÂNGELA
Published: February 2018

As a result of recent molecular and morphological evidence (Simões et al. 2015), Merremia Dennstedt ex Endlicher (1841: 1403) was recircumscribed, and most of the species transferred to Camonea Rafinesque (1838: 81), Decalobanthus Ooststroom (1936: 99) and Distimake Rafinesque (1838: 82) by Simões & Staples (2017). During our studies of Distimake and Merremia s.l. from America, we noted that nine species and two varieties that had not been transferred to Distimake clearly fitted Distimake as proposed by Simões & Staples (2017) by possessing the following characters: compound or deeply lobed leaves (exceptionally entire leaves occur), calyces with sepals appressed to the corolla, white or yellow, glabrous corollas, and tricolpate pollen. In the context of our ongoing taxonomic studies in the genus Distimake, the formal transfer of a number of species into this genus is necessary. Lectotypes are designated following the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) (McNeill et al. 2012).
A neglected name and new synonym in Barbosella (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: BOLSON MÔNICA , TOSCANO DE BRITO A. L. V. , SMIDT ERIC C.
Published: February 2018

During a study to monograph the Barbosella species from Brazil, historical material and protologues of various species were analyzed. Among these, the type material of B. perinii, a name largely overlooked since its publication, was examined. This name is indicated here as a synonym of B. macaheensis. Taxonomical discussions, updated distribution, illustrations and conservation status are provided for B. macaheensis.
Taxonomic revision of the Cis-Andean species of Mylossoma Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 (Teleostei: Characiformes: Serrasalmidae)
Authors: MATEUSSI NADAYCA T. B. , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIO , PAVANELLI CARLA S.
Published: February 2018

A revision of the cis-Andean species of Mylossoma is presented. Four species were recognized: M. albiscopum and M. aureum from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins; M. duriventre, from the rio Paraguai, lower rio Paraná and rio Uruguai basins; and M. unimaculatum, an endemic species from the Tocantins-Araguaia system. Both Mylossoma albiscopum and M. unimaculatum were removed from the synonymy of Mylossoma duriventre, which had its occurrence range restricted to the La Plata basin. The recognition of these four valid species corroborates the results of a previous DNA barcode study. Redescriptions of each species, and an identification key for the genus are provided.
An Epidemiological Survey of Venous Disease Among General Practitioner Attendees in Different Geographical Regions on the Globe: The Final Results of the Vein Consult Program
Authors: Vuylsteke Marc E. , Colman Roos , Thomis Sarah , Guillaume Geneviève , Van Quickenborne Damien , Staelens Ivan
Published: February 2018

This study measured the prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD, C1-C6), chronic venous insufficiency (C3-C6) in 23 countries. The possible influence of risk factors was assessed. Patient recruitment was carried out by general practitioners. Patient characteristics, prevalence of risk factors, and C-classification were recorded. We assessed differences in prevalence and risk factors between Asia (A), Eastern Europe (EE), Latin America (LA), and Western Europe (WE). A total of 99 359 patients were included. The prevalence of CVD (51.9% A, 70.18% EE, 68.11% LA, and 61.65% WE) was significantly ( P < .001) lower in A. Risk factors such as age, obesity, smoking, having regular exercise, use of birth control pills, prolonged standing and sitting, and having a positive family history differ significantly between regions. After model-based probabilities corrected for risk factors, significant differences in the probability of having CVD were only found in the older age-group (>65 years). The lowest prevalence was noted in A. Chronic venous disease is very common and the prevalence varies between different geographical areas. After correcting for risk factors, these differences diminished.
Challenges in Promoting Race Dialogues in Psychology Training: Race and Gender Perspectives
Authors: Chung Rita Chi-Ying , Bemak Fred , Talleyrand Regine M. , Williams Joseph M.
Published: February 2018

Given today’s racial diversity and the ongoing racial tensions in our communities as a result of police shootings of unarmed Black men, terrorist acts in the United States and globally, and expressions of racism and xenophobia in the political arena, it is essential for psychologists to be culturally competent. Four diverse faculty members engaged in a self-study of their multicultural teaching practices to explore the challenges inherent in participating in authentic race dialogues. In this article, we discuss the findings from our independent and collective analysis of faculty narratives and provide recommendations for facilitating honest and courageous race dialogues in graduate psychology training.
Examining Spillover Effects From Teach For America Corps Members in Miami-Dade County Public Schools
Authors: Backes Ben , Hansen Michael , Xu Zeyu , Brady Victoria
Published: February 2018

This article examines Teach For America’s (TFA) placement strategy in Miami-Dade County Public Schools, in which large numbers of TFA corps members are placed as clusters into a targeted set of disadvantaged schools, to investigate whether the large-scale infusion of TFA corps members into these schools induced broader improvements across the school. Using 6 years of administrative data from the district, we exploit variation in TFA density over time within schools to measure the extent to which increases in density were associated with improvements in student test scores. We find that many of the schools chosen to participate in the cluster strategy experienced large subsequent gains in mathematics achievement. These gains were driven in part by the direct effect of having larger numbers of classrooms staffed by effective TFA teachers. However, we do not find any evidence that the clustering strategy led to any spillovers on schoolwide performance.
Refinement and reduction through application of a quantitative score system for estimation of TB-induced disease burden using computed tomography
Authors: Sharpe Sally A , Smyth Donna , McIntyre Anthony , Gleeson Fergus , Dennis Mike J
Published: February 2018

Until validated correlates of protection are identified, animal models remain the only way to test the efficacy of the new vaccines and drugs urgently needed to fight the global epidemic caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Non-human primates (NHP) offer the most relevant models of human tuberculosis (TB) and are central to the development process for new interventions. Efficacy evaluations are dependent on the capability of the test model to discriminate improved outcomes between treated groups after experimental exposure to M. tuberculosis and therefore the ability to measure TB-induced disease burden is central to the process. We have developed a score system that allows us to quantify the disease burden induced in macaques by infection with M. tuberculosis, based on the extent and features of disease visible on computed tomography (CT) images. The CT determined disease burden was then verified against that obtained using an established pathology-based approach. Trials of the system as a tool to measure disease burden have shown the approach capable of revealing differences between treatment groups in order to: (a) characterise outcome of infection and enable model refinement; (b) demonstrate the efficacy of drug treatment regimens by showing differences in outcome between test groups. Initial trials suggest that the imaging-based score system provides a valuable additional tool for the measurement of TB-induced disease burden that offers the opportunity to apply both refinement and reduction within studies.
Is Treatment Readiness Associated With Substance Use Treatment Engagement? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sloas Lincoln B. , Caudy Michael S. , Taxman Faye S.
Published: February 2018

With nearly 8.2% of Americans experiencing substance use disorders (SUDs), a need exists for effective SUD treatment and for strategies to assist treatment participants to complete treatment programs (Chandler, Fletcher, & Volkow, 2009). The purpose of the current research is to contribute to an emerging knowledge base about treatment readiness and its utility for predicting substance use treatment process performance measures. The study examines the relative salience of treatment readiness as a predictor of treatment engagement. Data are derived from adult cases included in the 2012 Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Intake data set ( n = 5,443). Binary logistic regression was used to identify if treatment readiness predicts substance use treatment engagement. The findings of this study do not provide support for treatment readiness significantly predicting substance use treatment engagement. Further research is needed to better understand treatment engagement.
The Effect of Politicians’ Personality on Their Media Visibility
Authors: Amsalem Eran , Zoizner Alon , Sheafer Tamir , Walgrave Stefaan , Loewen Peter John
Published: February 2018

While being frequently covered in the news media is key to political success, previous research demonstrates that some politicians are systematically more visible in the media than others. The current study advances our understanding of which politicians gain higher media visibility by exploring the effects of their personality traits. Utilizing a unique sample of 339 incumbent politicians in three countries, we find that the two personality traits that speak directly to one’s interpersonal orientation—agreeableness and extraversion—affect visibility, with less agreeable and more extraverted politicians appearing more frequently in the news. We also find that open to experience and emotionally stable politicians get covered more frequently and that being highly conscientious predicts media visibility in some cases, but not in others. Politicians high on these traits, we argue, enjoy an inherent advantage in the competition for the media’s attention.
Rupture of the Pregnant Uterus in Eastern Libya
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Sayedur , Fothergill Roger J
Published: February 2018

One hundred and forty-six cases of rupture of the uterus during labour are reported and obstetric practice is described in Eastern Libya, where these disasters took place. The incidence and the causes of uterine rupture in Libya differ greatly from those in developed countries; high multiparity is a frequent cause. Hysterectomy is very often the best treatment. More than three-quarters of the children were lost, but 92% of the mothers were saved.
Frey's Syndrome
Authors: Harrison Kenneth , Donaldson Ivor
Published: February 2018

The history of Frey's syndrome is explored together with its physiopathological and anatomical basis. A study of 19 cases of parotidectomy in 15 patients is reviewed and the results of 17 tympanic neurectomies presented.
Influence of Monte Carlo generations applied for modelling of measuring instruments on maximum distance error
Authors: Tomczyk Krzysztof
Published: February 2018

The paper presents a study of the influence of Monte Carlo (MC) generations, applied for modelling measuring instruments, on the maximum distance error. This modelling refers to the frequency domain and is based on the weighted least-squares (WLS) method. The MC generations were produced by the four pseudo-random number generators that are directly related to a Gaussian distribution. These generators are: Basic Box-Muller, Polar Box-Muller, Monty Python and Ratio of Uniforms. Thus, the main task of this paper is an assessment of the influence of the MC generations provided by these generators on the values of error. The effect of generator selection on the model parameters and associated uncertainties was also considered. The numerical calculations were carried out for the accelerometer PCB393B05 that was chosen as being examples of measuring instruments intended for the measurement of acceleration.
Urinary Leukotriene E4 Levels in Children with Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Biyani Sneh , Benson M. Jedorah , DeShields Sarah C. , Cunningham Tina D. , Baldassari Cristina M.
Published: February 2018

Objective

Due to limitations of polysomnography (PSG), novel ways to evaluate pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are needed. Urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4), an inflammatory marker, has been identified as a potential biomarker for pediatric OSA. The objective of the study was to assess whether urinary LTE4 levels correlate with OSA severity, as determined by obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and nadir oxygen saturation.

Study Design

Prospective trial.

Setting

Tertiary care children's hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Children (age, 3‐16 years) with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) who were referred for PSG were included. Urine samples were obtained the morning following PSG, and urinary LTE4 levels were quantified with enzyme‐linked immunoassay kits.

Results

A total of 113 children were enrolled, and the mean age was 7.3 years. Thirty‐nine percent (n = 44) were obese, and the majority were white (53%, n = 58). Seventy‐eight percent (n = 88) were diagnosed with OSA (AHI >1), with 27% (n = 30) having severe disease (AHI >10). The mean urinary LTE4 level was 91.3 ng/mM. Urinary LTE4 levels did not correlate with AHI (P =. 77) or nadir oxygen saturation (P =. 64). There was a significant difference in urinary LTE4 levels between patients with mild SDB and those with moderate to severe OSA (P =. 03).

Conclusion

Urinary LTE4 levels do not correlate with AHI in children with SDB. Compared with children with severe OSA, children with mild SDB have higher urinary LTE4 levels. Further research is needed determine whether urinary LTE4 is a satisfactory biomarker for pediatric OSA.
Music Appreciation after Cochlear Implantation in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Riley Phoebe E. , Ruhl Douglas S. , Camacho Macario , Tolisano Anthony M.
Published: February 2018

Objective

The cochlear implant (CI) improves quality of life for people who are severely and profoundly deafened, allowing implantees to perceive speech at levels similar to those of individuals with normal hearing. However, patients with CIs generally report a reduced appreciation of music after implantation. We aimed to systematically review the English‐language literature for studies evaluating music enjoyment and perception among adult patients with CIs.

Data Sources

A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

The PRISMA statement was utilized to identify English‐language studies reporting music appreciation among adults with CIs. Two independent reviewers performed searches through May 2017. Included studies investigated parameters related to music enjoyment and music perception, including (1) pitch and timbre perception, (2) noise‐canceling algorithms, and (3) the presence of dissonant chords, lyrics, or visual cues.

Results

A total of 508 articles were screened for relevance. Forty‐one full‐text articles were evaluated, and 18 met final inclusion criteria. Studies used heterogeneous methods of outcome measurement for identifying music appreciation. The outcome measures suggest that rhythm and lyrics are important components of enjoyment. Patients with CIs had difficulty with pitch and timbre perception.

Conclusion

The heterogeneous outcome measures identified in this systematic review suggest that rhythm and lyrics are important components of enjoyment, while patients with CIs had difficulty with pitch and timbre perception. Because there is no standardized reporting metric for music appreciation among adult patients with CIs, a standardized validated outcome‐measuring tool is warranted.
Percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of distal lumbosacral pain caused by osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture
Authors: Niu Junjie , Song Dawei , Gan Minfeng , Liu Bin , Tan Chenglong , Yang Huilin , Meng Bin
Published: February 2018

Background

Kyphoplasty has been demonstrated to be minimally invasive and effective in treating osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients with back pain over the level of the fractured vertebrae. Rare studies have reported on thoracolumbar vertebral fracture patients presenting with distal lumbosacral pain (DLP). Whether kyphoplasty had a favorable therapeutic benefit for these patients remains unclear.

Purpose

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of kyphoplasty in treating osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTVF) patients with DLP and assess the clinical significance of focal tenderness to palpation in these patients.

Material and Methods

Thirty-two OTVF patients who only complained of DLP were treated by kyphoplasty. The vertebral heights, local kyphotic angle, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were assessed preoperatively, one day after surgery, and at last follow-up. All patients were evaluated regarding their degree of satisfaction with kyphoplasty. In addition, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of kyphoplasty in patients with and without focal tenderness to palpation.

Results

All patients successfully underwent kyphoplasty without complications. The vertebral heights, local kyphotic angles, VAS, and ODI scores were all significantly improved after kyphoplasty and maintained at last follow-up in our patients ( P < 0.001). At last follow-up, all patients expressed satisfaction with kyphoplasty. No significant differences in these parameters were detected between patients with and without focal tenderness.

Conclusion

The possibility of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures in elderly patients complaining of DLP should not be neglected. Kyphoplasty presents a superior benefit in treating OTVF patients with DLP. The absence of focal tenderness does not influence the clinical efficacy in these patients.
Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleuraand Other Malignancies in the Same Patient
Authors: Bianchi Claudio , Bianchi Tommaso , Ramani Lucia
Published: February 2018

Aims and background

The co-existence of mesothelioma, mostly asbestos-related, and other primary malignancies has repeatedly been reported. The present study evaluated the frequency of such an occurrence.

Methods

In the period October 1979-June 2002, 215 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma were diagnosed at the Hospital of Monfalcone, Italy. All the cases of the above series, examined at necropsy (169), were included in the study. Occupational histories had been obtained from the patients or from their relatives by personal or telephone interviews. In 132 cases, asbestos bodies were isolated after chemical digestion of lung samples. The thoracic cavities were examined for pleural plaques.

Results

Additional malignancies were observed in 32 cases (18.9%). Multiple tumors were synchronous in 22 cases, metachronous in 8 cases, and synchronous and metachronous in 2. Four different tumors were found in 2 cases, 3 malignancies were detected in 6 patients, and 2 malignancies in the remaining 24. The most frequent additional malignancies were prostate adenocarcinoma (7 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (5 cases), bladder carcinoma (4 cases), kidney carcinoma (4 cases), large bowel carcinoma (4 cases), and liver cell carcinoma (4 cases). All the patients had histories of exposure to asbestos, mostly in shipbuilding. Lung asbestos body burdens ranged between 60 and 230,000 per gram of dried tissue. Pleural plaques were found in 26 cases.

Conclusions

In contrast with other series of the literature, in the present cases the co-existence of mesothelioma and other malignancies appeared as a relatively frequent event. The lack of a control group does not allow definite conclusions about the meaning of the occurrence. However, the co-existence of certain tumors with asbestos-related mesothelioma suggests that mesothelioma and associated malignancies might share some etiologic factors (asbestos and others).
Characteristics of Metastasis as a Prognostic Factor for Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kwak Cheol , Park Yong Hyun , Jeong Chang Wook , Jeong Hyeon , Lee Sang Eun , Ku Ja Hyeon
Published: February 2018

Aims and background

This study aimed to evaluate the significance of characteristics of metastasis as prognostic factors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients and methods

A total of 148 patients who had received immunotherapy were included in the study. Patients were categorized in various ways according to the characteristics of metastasis, including a synchronous metastasis group (n = 77) vs a metachronous metastasis group (n = 71), and a solitary metastasis group (n = 93) vs a multiple metastases group (n = 55).

Results

In the synchronous and metachronous metastasis groups, median progression-free survival was 4.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9-5.7) and 11.1 months (95% CI 6.7-15.5), respectively (P = 0.004). Median overall survival was 17.1 months (95% CI 9.5-24.7) and 54.8 months (95% CI 38.3-71.3) in the two groups (P = 0.019). In the solitary and multiple metastasis groups, median progression-free survival was 11.0 months (95% CI 6.6-15.5) and 3.9 months (95% CI 2.6-5.2), respectively (P <0.001). Median overall survival was 55.2 months (95% CI 50.7-59.7) and 15.6 months (95% CI 10.9-20.3) in the two groups (P <0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis using the clinical variables showed that T stage (P = 0.026), number of metastatic sites (P = 0.009) and time to metastasis (P = 0.019) were independent predictors of progression-free survival. Using the same variables, only the number of metastatic sites was an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival (P = 0.014).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the time to metastasis and the number of metastases are important prognostic factors in metastatic RCC.
Is There Still a Role for the Uniscale Assessment of Quality of Life?
Authors: Ballatori Enzo , Porzio Giampiero , Roila Fausto , Ruggeri Benedetta , Mattei Antonella , Cortesi Enrico
Published: February 2018

Aims and background

To obtain proof of external validity of the visual analogue scale and re-evaluate the use of this instrument in assessing cancer patients' quality of life.

Methods

Consecutive patients attending 79 Italian medical oncology and radiotherapy centers over a period of 1 week were asked to fill out both a questionnaire concerning the presence of 19 problems and a 100-mm linear visual analogue scale evaluating their quality of life. Quality of life was rated as “good” and “bad” when given a score of 70-100 and 0-30, respectively. Multifactorial logistic models were used where good and bad quality of life were correlated with explanatory variables including patient and disease characteristics and the presence or absence of the 19 problems.

Results

Gender, level of education, treatment setting, Karnofsky performance status, disease extent, and the presence of 12 out of 19 problems were found to be correlated with good quality of life. A similar pattern of correlations was found with bad quality of life.

Conclusions

Due to the difficulties in attaining reliable assessment of quality of life using psychometric questionnaires, the further proof of validity obtained in this study allows us to propose the re-evaluation of the role of the uniscale in measuring the quality of life of cancer patients.
Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Improved Prognosis. the Role of Clinical, Pathological and Surgical Related Factors
Authors: Benzoni Enrico , Lorenzin Dario , Favero Alessandro , Adani GianLuigi , Baccarani Umberto , Molaro Roberta , Zompicchiatti Aron , Saccomano Enrico , Avellini Claudio , Bresadola Fabrizio , Uzzau Alessandro
Published: February 2018

Aims and background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) is the third most common cause of cancer death. The aim of this study is to examine the factors associated with improved prognosis in Hcc after liver resection.

Patients and methods

From September 1989 to March 2005, 134 consecutive patients had liver resection for Hcc on cirrhosis at our department. We performed 54 major liver resections and 80 limited resections. All patients enrolled in the study were followed-up three times during the first year after resection and twice the next years.

Results

In-hospital mortality rate was 7.4%, about 50% of these cases were Child-Pugh B patients. Morbidity rate was 47.7%, caused by the rising of ascites, temporary liver impairment function, biliary fistula, hepatic abscess, hemoperitoneum and pleural effusion. Overall survival resulted to be influenced by etiology (P = 0.03), underlying liver disease, in particular Child A vs BC (P = 0.04), Endmondson-Steiner grading (P = 0.01), the absence of a capsule (P = 0.004), the presence of more than one lesion (P = 0.02), lesion's size over 5 cm (P = 0.04), Pringle maneuver length over than 20 minutes (P = 0.03), an amount of resected liver volume lesser than 50% of total liver volume (P = 0. 03), and the relapse of Hcc (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma should be both the most radical to obtain the best outcome and to reduce the recurrence's rate, and the most suitable according to the patient's condition, lesion's characteristics and underlying liver disease: because of the large number of factors affecting the outcome of Hcc, unfortunately, we are still far from an agreement upon a group of criteria useful to select the best candidates for liver resection.
Mutational Analysis of Proapoptotic Integrin Beta 3 Cytoplasmic Domain in Common Human Cancers
Authors: Yoo Nam Jin , Soung Young Hwa , Lee Sung Hak , Jeong Eun Goo , Lee Sug Hyung
Published: February 2018

Aims

Mounting evidence indicates that deregulation of apoptosis is involved in the mechanisms of cancer development. Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that mediate cell survival and migration. A recent study showed that unligated integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) induced apoptosis by recruitment of caspase-8. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility that genetic alteration of the ITGB3 gene is involved in the development of human cancers possibly by inactivating the apoptosis function of ITGB3.

Methods

We analyzed the coding region of the cytoplasmic domain of the human ITGB3 gene for the detection of somatic mutations in 100 gastric, 90 colorectal, 100 non-small cell lung, 43 urinary bladder and 50 head-neck cancers by a polymerase chain reaction-based, single-strand conformation polymorphism.

Results

We found an identical ITGB3 mutation in two unrelated patient samples (one in colorectal and the other in bladder cancer). The ITGB3 mutation was a missense mutation which would substitute an amino acid (E757K).

Conclusions

The data suggested that the proapoptotic ITGB3 cytoplasmic domain is rarely mutated in common human cancers and may not play an important role in the development of the cancers.
Cancer Diagnosis Disclosure in a Northern Italian Hospital Report on 312 Consecutive Cancer Patients
Authors: Cavanna Luigi , Anselmi Elisa , Lazzaro Antonio , Seghini Pietro , Di Nunzio Camilla , Dallanegra Laura , Monfredo Michela
Published: February 2018

To evaluate cancer diagnosis disclosure in a cohort of cancer patients attending an outpatient oncology unit, a prospective observational study was performed. Three hundred twelve consecutive patients were accrued between January and June 2005. A questionnaire was given to each patient; the questions were very simple and related to demographics, residence, sex, educational background, employment status, time elapsed after diagnosis, treatment received, existence of relatives, and health insurance. All patients but one entered the study. There were 185 women and 127 men; 120 patients had breast cancer, 84 colorectal cancer, 34 lung cancer, 28 ovarian cancer, 34 gastric cancer, and 12 pancreatic cancer. Of the total 311 evaluable cancer patients, 171 (54.98%) were correctly informed; of the remaining 140 patients, 67 (21.54%) were not sure, and 73 (23.47%) thought their disease was not cancer. These data suggest that the majority of cancer patients attending our outpatient oncology unit are being correctly informed about their diagnosis. In our series the type of tumor had an important impact on diagnosis disclosure, while age and educational status did not.
Endoscopic Resection of Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Nasal Septum
Authors: Karakus M Fatih , Ozcan K Murat , Dere Huseyin
Published: February 2018

Pleomorphic adenomas originating from the minor salivary glands are rare in the nasal cavity. Total surgical excision is the preferred treatment for pleomorphic adenomas. Lateral rhinotomy, midfacial degloving, transpalatal surgery and endoscopic surgery are among the surgical approaches. Endoscopic tumor removal produces less morbidity, reduces blood loss during surgery, decreases hospital stay, avoids external scars and excessive unnecessary resection, enables the surgeon to better visualize the tumor margins, and has a low recurrence rate. However, only 3 pleomorphic adenomas of the nasal septum have been removed by the endoscopic approach to date. In this paper we report on a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum that was removed successfully by the endoscopic approach without any recurrences.
Schwannoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bellezza Guido , Lombardi Tiziana , Panzarola Paola , Sidoni Angelo , Cavaliere Antonio , Giansanti Michele
Published: February 2018

Schwannoma arising within breast parenchyma is very rare. This report describes such a case in a 58-year-old woman. The tumor, which measured 4.4 × 3.5 × 2.1 cm, was painless, mobile and elastic-soft. Mammography showed a well-circumscribed, oval-shaped nodule without microcalcifications. At ultrasonography it appeared as a hypoechoic solid mass. Fine-needle cytology revealed several clusters of spindle cells indicative of a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Histological examination evidenced the characteristic morphological appearance of a schwannoma with Antoni A and Antoni B areas. A review of the 23 proven cases of breast schwannoma is included. The main differential diagnostic findings are also discussed.
Long-Term Results of a Phase-I/II Study of Sequential High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in the Initial Treatment of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Welt Anja , Schütt Philipp , Derks Cordula , Ebeling Peter , Müller Siemke , Metz Klaus , Anhuf Jürgen , Moritz Thomas , Seeber Siegfried , Nowrousian Mohammad Resa
Published: February 2018

Aims and Background

To improve the survival of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we evaluated a risk-adapted therapeutic approach using high-dose (HD) or conventional-dose (CD) chemotherapy (CT) for poor-risk and good-risk patients, respectively.

Methods

Twenty patients were treated in each group. In both groups, the first chemotherapy cycle consisted of dexamethasone, vincristine, ifosfamide, and etoposide. Thereafter, the CD or HD patients received 3 or 2 cycles of dexamethasone, vincristine, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, respectively, followed by 1 cycle of dexamethasone, carboplatin, and etoposide. In the HD group cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, carboplatin, and etoposide were dose-escalated by a factor of 6, 3, 3, and 3, respectively, as compared to the CD group, and autologous peripheral blood stem cells were administered after each HD-CT cycle.

Results

Grade III-IV toxicities were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (100%), anemia (55%), and stomatitis (30%) in patients with HD-CT, and neutropenia (90%) in patients with CD-CT. One toxic death occurred in a patient with HD-CT. The overall response rate was 100% in HD-CT patients, including 70% complete remissions, and 80% in CD-CT patients, including 60% complete remissions. The 10-year overall survival was 55% for patients with HD-CT and 80% for patients with CD-CT.

Conclusions

The risk-adapted treatment approach showed tolerable toxicities and was associated with encouraging results.
Benefit on Biochemical Control of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Patients with Pathologically Involved Seminal Vesicles after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Greco Carlo , Castiglioni Simona , Fodor Andrei , De Cobelli Ottavio , Longaretti Nadia , Rocco Bernardo , Vavassori Andrea , Orecchia Roberto
Published: February 2018

Aims and Background

To determine whether there is a benefit for biochemical control with adjuvant radiation therapy to the surgical bed following radical prostatectomy in patients with seminal vesicle invasion and pathologically negative pelvic lymph nodes (pT3b-pT4 pN0).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of radical prostatectomy patients treated between 1995 and 2002. A total of 66 patients with seminal vesicle invasion were identified: 45 of these patients received adjuvant radiation therapy and 21 were observed. Radiation therapy was initiated within 4 months of prostatectomy. Median dose was 66 Gy (range, 60–70 Gy). Median follow-up from the day of surgery was 40.6 months (mean, 41.5; range, 12–99). Biochemical recurrence was defined as the first value ≥0.2 ng/ml.

Results

At two years, the proportion of patients free from biochemical recurrence was 80% in patients who received adjuvant radiation therapy versus 54% for those not given radiation therapy (P = 0.036). Actuarial biochemical recurrence at 5 years was 59% vs 41% for the radiation therapy and no radiation therapy groups, respectively. On univariate Cox regression model, the hazard of biochemical failure was also associated with a detectable (≥0.2 ng/ml) postsurgical prostate-specific antigen (P = 0.02) prior to radiation therapy. Pathological T stage (pT3b vs pT4), Gleason score, primary Gleason pattern and positive surgical margins were not significantly associated with biochemical recurrence. The hazard of biochemical failure was around 85% lower in the radiation therapy group than in the observation group (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Data from the present series suggest that adjuvant radiation therapy for patients with seminal vesicle invasion and undetectable (≤0.2 ng/ml) postoperative prostate-specific antigen significantly reduces the likelihood of biochemical failure.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Anterior Mediastinum: A Rare Extrapleural Neoplasm
Authors: Gannon Brian R , O'Hara Carolyn D , Reid Kenneth , Isotalo Phillip A
Published: February 2018

Solitary fibrous tumors are uncommon spindle cell neoplasms originally thought to be restricted to the pleura. We describe a 62-year-old woman who presented with stridor and an anterior mediastinal mass. At thoracotomy, a 10.5 × 6.5 × 5.5 cm, circumscribed, firm mediastinal mass demonstrated no direct cardiac or pulmonary involvement. The tumor consisted of spindle cells organized in a patternless pattern with collagenous stroma and hemangiopericytoma-like vessels. Spindle cells were immunoreactive for CD34, CD99, desmin, vimentin and bcl-2 protein and a diagnosis of mediastinal solitary fibrous tumor was confirmed. The differential diagnosis of mediastinal solitary fibrous tumors is extensive and includes spindle cell thymoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, peripheral nerve sheath tumors and various sarcomas. Despite their rarity in the mediastinum, solitary fibrous tumors can be recognized by their classic patternless morphology and immunophenotypic pattern. Their accurate classification is important, as solitary fibrous tumors are intermediate (rarely metastasizing) neoplasms that require complete surgical excision and long-term clinical follow-up for optimum therapy.
The Relation of Lymphomaand Hepatitis B Virus/Hepatitis C Virus Infections in the Region of East Black Sea, Turkey
Authors: Sonmez Mehmet , Bektas Ozlen , Yilmaz Mustafa , Durmus Ahmet , Akdogan Elif , Topbas Murat , Erturk Murat , Ovali Ercument , Omay Serdar Bedii
Published: February 2018

Aim and background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not only hepatotropic, but also lymphotropic viruses. Infections with these viruses induce chronic antigenicity and may stimulate clonal expansion of malignant B-cell neoplasms. Moreover, these viruses can proliferate in lymphatic structures and bone marrow. However, the relationship between lymphomas and HBV/HCV infections is not clear. In our region of the East Black Sea, Turkey (the city of Trabzon), we intended to demonstrate a relation of lymphoma and HBV/HCV infections with a case-controlled study.

Methods

A total of 109 patients diagnosed with lymphoma between 2002–2005 in the Black Sea Technical University Hospital was investigated. Seventy-one patients had a high-grade and 38 patients a low-grade lymphoma. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV Ab) were screened. The control group consisted of patients (n = 551) from other departments with diagnoses other than lymphoma.

Results

HBsAg was 3.7% and anti-HCV Ab positivity was 2.8% in lymphoma patients, compared with control of 5.3%, 5.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups ( P = 0.7, OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.20–2.10; P = 0.4, OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.13–1.86, respectively).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the incidence of HBV and HCV infections in lymphoma patients is no different than that of nonlymphoma patients. Therefore, no direct correlation can be deduced between lymphoma and HBV-HCV infections in our East Black Sea region of Turkey.
Epirubicin-Vinorelbine Intravenous Combination Followed by Oral Vinorelbine as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ardizzoia Antonio , Colombo Ilaria , Giordano Monica , Aglione Stefania , Isa Luciano , Scanni Alberto , Scognamiglio Giovanni , Bertolini Alessandro , Villa Federica , Gardani Gianstefano
Published: February 2018

Epirubicin and vinorelbine are considered active drugs in metastatic breast cancer. The optimal duration of a chemotherapy regimen for metastatic breast cancer patients is still unknown. Nevertheless, epirubicin has a dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. Vinorelbine is also available as oral formulation. In a multicenter phase II study, we analyzed the feasibility and the efficacy of a maximum of six cycles of i.v. epirubicin plus vinorelbine, followed by oral vinorelbine. We enrolled 30 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Each patient received epirubicin (75 mg/m2 on day 1) and vinorelbine (25 mg/m2 on days 1–8), every 3 weeks, for three cycles or six cycles in case of objective response or stable disease. When a clinical benefit was obtained, patients received oral vinorelbine (60 mg/m2 on days 1–8 every 3 weeks for three cycles). The regimen demonstrated to be active and well tolerated in metastatic breast cancer, and 6–8 months represented the optimal treatment duration. Maintenance therapy with oral vinorelbine was feasible, effective, safe and well accepted by the patients.
An Oxaliplatin + 5-Fluorouracil Bolus + Folinic Acid (BFOL) Regimen as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: La Verde Nicla , Garassino Marina , Bareggi Claudia , Sburlati Paola , Borgonovo Karen , Dimaiuta Mariastella , Mantica Cristina , Perrone Silvia , Torri Valter , Farina Gabriella
Published: February 2018

Aims and background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated, as first line, with 5-fluorouracil bolus/leucovorin + oxaliplatin, in terms of response, progression-free and overall survival.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort of consecutive metastatic colorectal cancer patients, treated from 2003 to 2006, was identified and analyzed. All patients, without a central venous device, were treated with oxaliplatin + 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

Results

Twenty-five metastatic colorectal cancer patients were treated. No 3–4 grade toxicity was observed. Five of 23 patients achieved a partial response: one of them resulted in a complete response after radiofrequency and another one after surgery. Fifteen of 23 patients had stable disease (one underwent radical surgery after chemotherapy, obtaining a complete remission) and 3 had progressive disease. Median progression-free survival was 7.2 months, and median overall survival was 30 months.

Conclusions

Based on this case-series study, the regimen seems to offer a good control of disease (86.9%) and can be considered as an alternative choice for patients who cannot receive continuous infusion.