bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRIOR CALCULATION OF THE ACCURACY OF MONITORING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS USING UAVS AND LASER SCANNING
Authors: Chumak Olga , Gorkovchuk Julia
Published: October 2023

In the last few years, intensive measures have been taken to monitor and inventory the cultural heritage of Ukraine. An important aspect is the preservation of such objects and their transmission to future generations. It is important to use such a methodology and technology when performing monitoring works, which in the future will make it possible to perform a number of other tasks, in relation to a certain specific object, based on previously obtained data. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of cultural heritage monitoring using UAV-filming. The work examines the methods of monitoring cultural heritage objects and presents an a priori assessment of the accuracy of monitoring of cultural heritage by means of UAV photography and laser scanning. The work focuses on the fact that the monitoring of cultural heritage sites should be carried out precisely with the help of modern filming methods, which have a number of advantages compared to traditional methods. The reliability of the proposed methods is presented and substantiated by calculating an a priori estimate of the accuracy of potential results.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION, INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CHINESE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Authors: Ju Xiaoying , Ma Zhida , Chen Fei , Yao Peng , Liu Jianxu , Sriboonchitta Songsak
Published: October 2023

Is it possible for the imposition of environmental regulation to develop the textile industry? Is it possible to balance quality and efficiency with energy conservation and emission reduction and achieve the sustainable development of the textile industry? The main objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the environmental regulation on industrial agglomeration and industrial efficiency within the textile sector. The findings reveal that, first, environmental regulation has significantly facilitated the agglomeration of the textile industry to regions with less stringent environmental standards. The restructuring and optimization of domestic value chains have also been promoted. Second, environmental policies in the process of the promotion of the industrial agglomeration are accompanied by a significant improvement in industrial efficiency. This improvement has contributed to the achievement of sustainability goals in the textile domain. Third, the influence of environmental regulations on industrial agglomeration and industrial efficiency improvement of the textile industry is strongly heterogeneous in terms of ownership. This impact is more significant in state-owned industries and private industries. This study holds substantial theoretical significance and practical relevance in promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable progress in the Chinese textile industry.
Atmospheric Retrieval of L Dwarfs: Benchmarking Results and Characterizing the Young Planetary Mass Companion HD 106906 b in the Near-infrared
Authors: Adams Arthur D. , Meyer Michael R. , Howe Alex R. , Burningham Ben , Daemgen Sebastian , Fortney Jonathan , Line Mike , Marley Mark , Quanz Sascha P. , Todorov Kamen
Published: October 2023

We present model constraints on the atmospheric structure of HD 106906 b, a planetary-mass companion orbiting at a ∼700 au projected separation around a 15 Myr old stellar binary, using the APOLLO retrieval code on spectral data spanning 1.1–2.5 μm. C/O ratios can provide evidence for companion formation pathways, as such pathways are ambiguous both at wide separations and at star-to-companion mass ratios in the overlap between the distributions of planets and brown dwarfs. We benchmark our code against an existing retrieval of the field L dwarf 2MASSW J2224–0158, returning a C/O ratio consistent with previous fits to the same JHK

s
data, but disagreeing in the thermal structure, cloud properties, and atmospheric scale height. For HD 106906 b, we retrieve C/O

=

0.53

−
0.25

+
0.15

, consistent with the C/O ratios expected for HD 106906's stellar association and therefore consistent with a stellar-like formation for the companion. We find abundances of H2O and CO near chemical equilibrium values for a solar metallicity but a surface gravity lower than expected, as well as a thermal profile with sharp transitions in the temperature gradient. Despite high signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution, more accurate constraints necessitate data across a broader wavelength range. This work serves as preparation for subsequent retrievals in the era of JWST, as JWST's spectral range provides a promising opportunity to resolve difficulties in fitting low-gravity L dwarfs and also underscores the need for simultaneous comparative retrievals on L-dwarf companions with multiple retrieval codes.
A Unified Model for the Coevolution of Galaxies and Their Circumgalactic Medium: The Relative Roles of Turbulence and Atomic Cooling Physics
Authors: Pandya Viraj , Fielding Drummond B. , Bryan Greg L. , Carr Christopher , Somerville Rachel S. , Stern Jonathan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hafen Zachary , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Forbes John C.
Published: October 2023

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a pivotal role in regulating gas flows around galaxies and thus shapes their evolution. However, the details of how galaxies and their CGM coevolve remain poorly understood. We present a new time-dependent two-zone model that self-consistently tracks not just mass and metal flows between galaxies and their CGM but also the evolution of the global thermal and turbulent kinetic energy of the CGM. Our model accounts for heating and turbulence driven by both supernova winds and cosmic accretion as well as radiative cooling, turbulence dissipation, and halo outflows due to CGM overpressurization. We demonstrate that, depending on parameters, the CGM can undergo a phase transition (“thermalization”) from a cool, turbulence-supported phase to a virial-temperature, thermally supported phase. This CGM phase transition is largely determined by the ability of radiative cooling to balance heating from supernova winds and turbulence dissipation. We perform an initial calibration of our model to the FIRE-2 cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and show that it can approximately reproduce the baryon cycles of the simulated halos. In particular, we find that, for these parameters, the phase transition occurs at high redshift in ultrafaint progenitors and at low redshift in classical M
vir ∼ 1011
M
⊙ dwarfs, while Milky Way–mass halos undergo the transition at z ≈ 0.5. We see a similar transition in the simulations though it is more gradual, likely reflecting radial dependence and multiphase gas not captured by our model. We discuss these and other limitations of the model and possible future extensions.
Jitter Radiation as an Alternative Mechanism for the Nonthermal X-Ray Emission of Cassiopeia A
Authors: Greco Emanuele , Vink Jacco , Ellien Amael , Ferrigno Carlo
Published: October 2023

Synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons is usually invoked as responsible for the nonthermal emission observed in supernova remnants. Diffusive shock acceleration is the most popular mechanism to explain the process of particles acceleration and within its framework a crucial role is played by the turbulent magnetic field. However, the standard models commonly used to fit X-ray synchrotron emission do not take into account the effects of turbulence in the shape of the resulting photon spectra. An alternative mechanism that properly includes such effects is the jitter radiation, which provides for an additional power law beyond the classical synchrotron cutoff. We fitted a jitter spectral model to Chandra, NuSTAR, SWIFT/BAT, and INTEGRAL/ISGRI spectra of Cassiopeia A (Cas A) and found that it describes the X-ray soft-to-hard range better than any of the standard cutoff models. The jitter radiation allows us to measure the index of the magnetic turbulence spectrum ν

B
and the minimum scale of the turbulence

λ

min

across several regions of Cas A, with best-fit values ν

B
∼ 2 − 2.4 and

λ

min

≲
100

km.
Soil Salinization May Trigger Mercury Mobilisation from Contaminated Soils and Sediment
Authors: Contin Marco , Tomat Stefano , Pellegrini Elisa , De Nobili Maria , Mauri Mara , Horvat Milena
Published: October 2023

Mercury (Hg) contamination of soils is a concerning issue worldwide due to its high toxicity and risk to human health. Source of contamination, chemical form and environmental conditions affect its mobility and hence bioavailability. Contaminated coastal soils, could potentially become hotspots of Hg re-mobilisation, because of simultaneous flooding and salinization caused by sea level rise as a consequence of climate change.

The aim of our work was to assess changes in Hg solubility in soils and sediments, with different type of Hg contamination, after exposure to salt and flood stresses.

A soil contaminated by mining activity (mainly cinnabar-Hg) and a sediment heavily contaminated by a chlor-alkali plant (mainly elemental Hg) were collected from North-East Italy. Mercury speciation was performed either by Thermal Desorption (TD) or by a Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) to quantify operationally defined binding forms (soluble, exchangeable, bound to Mn or Fe oxides, bound to organic matter, non-cinnabar and cinnabar Hg forms).

A bench top simulation with 0 to 32.8 g l-1 salt solution was carried out in microcosms filled with contaminated soil or sediment, to characterize flood effects on Hg mobility. Soils were kept submerged for different inundation periods (1, 7 and 30 days). After the flooding treatment, a rain event was simulated using artificial rain water. Solubilised Hg of each flood and each leaching treatment was measured by ICP-MS.

Thermal desorption showed the presence of two main forms of Hg: organic bound Hg and HgS. The cinnabar-Hg peak was largely prevalent in the mine-contaminated soil, whereas the organic-bound-Hg peak was prevalent in the chlor-alkali contaminated sediment. This difference was confirmed by the liquid SEP speciation.

Hg mobility increased with increasing salinity and flooding time. The effect of salt concentration was more pronounced for longer flooding periods. After 1 day of inundation, the amount of solubilised Hg was negligible, but after 7 days flooding Hg levels in the highest saline solution reached up to 0.9 and 9.3 µg Hg L-1 in the soil and in the sediment simulations, respectively. The mobility of Hg increased substantially after 30 days, and was about 22 times in the soil (19.8 µg Hg L-1) and 10 times in the sediment (89.8 µg Hg L-1) compared to the background level.

Our results show a potential risk of Hg re-mobilization from contaminated coastal soils and sediments as consequence of sea level rise and their consequent salinization.
Enzymatic Degradation of PET plastic
Authors: Griffiths Erin , Honek John , Slowinski Stephanie , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Van Cappellen Philippe
Published: October 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic is one of the most commonly used polymers worldwide and found in high rates as environmental waste. Previous studies have shown that the degradation of plastics using commercial grade enzymes is possible and highly effective in lab settings. However, the effectiveness and rates of enzymatic plastic degradation at environmentally relevant conditions is less known. In this study, we set up a series of sacrificial incubation experiments using a commercial enzyme, Humicola insolens cutinase (HiC), to examine the effect of various environmental variables, including temperature, pH, and salinity, on the hydrolytic degradation of PET. This was performed by measuring the mass loss at different time points during degradation, dissolved organic carbon produced in solution by PET hydrolysis, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the PET surfaces, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the PET surfaces. The results indicate that the degradation rate is 15-times faster at 55 °C than at 40 °C at pH 8 (1.93 mg day-1 versus 0.13 mg day-1), giving an initial estimate for the activation energy of PET hydrolysis of 2.2 kJ mol-1. In the 55 °C experiment which ran for 10 days, there was a noticeable decrease in the plastic strength and deformation of the plastic after 1 week of degradation. In the 40 °C experiment (duration 16 weeks), FTIR spectral changes were observed as early as week 6, with peaks of interest at 2,970 cm-1, 2,350 cm-1, 1,240 cm-1 , and between 1,300-1,000 cm-1. Ongoing experiments with pH and salinity will provide insight into their effects on the PET degradation rate. Altogether, these results will provide a comprehensive framework for predicting PET degradation rates, and by extension, other plastics that are degraded by hydrolysis, at environmentally relevant pH, temperature, and salinity conditions. In addition, these results provide insight into the effect of degradation on the chemical spectra of plastics and microplastics.
Three new species of Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporales, Acarosporaceae) from southwestern North America
Authors: Knudsen Kerry , Kocourková Jana , Hodková Eva , Dart Jason , Huereca Alejandro , Malíček Jiří
Published: October 2023

The discovery and study of three new species ofTrimmatothelopsisfrom Southwestern North America,T. californica,T. mexicana, andT. novomexicana, adds not only to the diversity of the genus and family but generated new insights into the occurrence of two ascus types in the genus and the variety of conidiogenous cells and conidia.Trimmatothelopsisnow includes 15 species with a mainly Holarctic distribution (Asia, Europe, North America) and one species in Australia. A key is supplied to the genus. An overview of the genusTrimmatothelopsisis given, including differentiation from other genera of Acarosporaceae. The monotypic genusThelocarpellais considered to be a synonym ofTrimmatothelopsis. The new combinationTrimmatothelopsis wirthiiis proposed. The ascus type is shown to be variable in the genus with species with two types being intermixed with each other in our phylogeny.
Global change in above-belowground multitrophic grassland communities
Authors: Jochum Malte , Zizka Vera , Scheu Stefan , Eisenhauer Nico , Pollierer Melanie
Published: October 2023

Global change is transforming Earth’s ecological communities with severe consequences for the functions and services they provide. In temperate grasslands, home to a mesmerising diversity of invertebrates controlling multiple ecosystem processes and services, land-use intensification and climate change are two of the most important global-change drivers. While we know a lot about their independent effects on grassland biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, little is known about how these stressors interact. Moreover, most research on biodiversity change focuses on decreasing biomass or species richness, while a major aspect is commonly ignored – altered ecological interactions. This is problematic because these interactions represent and control many important ecosystem processes, such as predation, herbivory or decomposition. Networks of trophic interactions, so-called food webs, link the structure and functioning of ecological communities and unravel mechanistic relationships between environmental change, ecological communities and ecosystem multifunctionality – the ability of a system to simultaneously support multiple processes. Consequently, we need to study how ecological interactions and the food webs they comprise respond to environmental change and to multiple interacting global-change drivers. Fortunately, novel tools offer unprecedented opportunities in studying trophic interactions and their impact on ecosystem processes. In addition, we know far more about how global change impacts the aboveground world than its belowground counterpart. However, belowground communities are just as important for the overall functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, to comprehensively understand global-change impacts on temperate grasslands, we need to study above- and belowground multitrophic interactions and ecosystem processes together, also accounting for their interdependencies. Here, we propose to use the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF, Bad Lauchstädt, Germany) to study joint impacts of land-use intensity and climate change on above-belowground multitrophic interactions and ecosystem multifunctionality in a temperate grassland global-change experiment. We will combine novel approaches to assessing trophic interactions and basal-resource dependency with an innovative method to quantify energy flux through ecological interaction networks. We will disentangle separate and interactive effects of land use and climate change and unravel how global-change driven modifications in multitrophic interactions mechanistically translate into altered ecosystem processes and multifunctionality – above and below the ground. Combining a field-experimental approach with novel molecular and quantitative techniques will allow for a leap forward in our understanding of global-change impacts on temperate grasslands, which will be crucial to manage and conserve these important ecosystems.
Construire au Xe siècle. Châteaux et lieux de culte
Authors: Phalip Bruno
Published: October 2023

En histoire de l’art, la question du Xe siècle en Auvergne a peu intéressé, sauf peut-être dans le domaine de l’enluminure et des arts précieux. Le paysage monumental existant et construit dans le courant du Xe siècle – châteaux et églises finalement assez nombreux – peut pourtant être envisagé par l’historien de l’art sous l’angle des lieux de pouvoir, parallèlement à l’investissement des moyens économiques, à la question des matériaux (eau, sable, chaux, pierre, bois, métaux…), des machines de levage et moyens de transport, des outils et à celle des hommes plus ou moins qualifiés et encadrés. Un très lent mouvement de régularisation et de rationalisation est perceptible dans l’organisation du travail, mais dans le seul cadre du chantier de construction ecclésiastique – une lente prise de pouvoir du tailleur de pierre, au détriment du maçon et du charpentier. Les changements technologiques (outillage élargi et marteau-taillant du tailleur de pierre, allègement de la mécanisation du chantier), accompagnent une forme d’affaiblissement de l’encadrement. Dans leurs étapes, les plus grands chantiers se structurent à partir du travail du tailleur de pierre, en fin de période. L’église, centre de pouvoir, porte alors les germes de l’émancipation d’ouvriers qualifiés.
Marteau-taillant et bretture, taille de pierre, forces productives et moyens de production dans les diocèses centraux de la France capétienne (Limoges, le Puy, Clermont et Nevers ; fin Xe-début XIIIe siècle)
Authors: Phalip Bruno
Published: October 2023

Entre la fin du Xe et le XIIIe siècle, on entrevoit dans les diocèses centraux de la France capétienne des liens indéniables entre phases de régularisation de la taille de pierre et vitesse d’exécution. Si les matériaux imposés ou choisis conservent leur importance, l’efficacité conditionne progressivement une productivité accrue. Ce rapport entre efficacité et rationalité des gestes se traduit par des transferts de technologies, liés à la taille de pierre, à sa mise en œuvre, comme aux modules choisis. Les techniques antiques puis alto-médiévales inspirent le travail des ouvriers qualifiés des XIe et XIIe siècles. Dès le milieu du XIIe siècle, avant même la conquête royale du début du siècle suivant, les techniques françaises, « gothiques », font leur chemin dans le Massif Central mais dans une phase d’acculturation lente, timide dans ses effets et ses conséquences. Seule une poignée d’édifices est concernée avant le milieu du XIIIe siècle et quelques dizaines ensuite. Cette réticence paraît en partie fondée sur des milieux géographiques et des cultures, mais plus encore sur une économie extensive (hors Limagne) bien différenciée du caractère intensif des économies des pays septentrionaux. Les matériaux utilisés, les cultures, les habitudes des tailleurs de pierre et leurs gestes n’y peuvent rien. L’économie du travail héritée de l’Antiquité disparaît, les sociétés aquitaines s’affaissent alors, écrasées par les modes de production septentrionaux. La disparition du signe lapidaire et l’utilisation du taillant bretté au nord du diocèse de Clermont en sont les marqueurs, concomitants d’une taille « peignée » qui remplace la taille au marteau-taillant en feuille de fougère, présente jusque dans les années 1200-1220. Efficacité et production se font au prix de cette nouvelle culture du travail, de cette nouvelle organisation sociale du chantier.
Transgressão e limites: intercetar as alternativas de género na vida social
Authors: Merlini Sara
Published: October 2023

Partindo de uma análise crítica da transgressão de género, demonstramos a aplicabilidade do constructo transgressão/limite na análise da vida social. A apresentação de três possibilidades analíticas patentes nos eventos biográficos que introduziram disrupções ou desequilíbrios no curso de vida de uma subamostra de pessoas não binárias – i.e., que não se identificam exclusivamente com a feminilidade ou a masculinidade – a residir em Portugal e no Reino Unido, permite-nos discutir as fundações do género e a sua relação com o poder. Avançamos com uma proposta que permite compreender e explicar a realidade social de uma forma mais robusta através da apreensão de dois factos sociais: transgredir e limitar. Identificamos as premissas inerentes a esta abordagem e concluímos com quatro linhas de aprofundamento, passíveis de desenvolvimento na análise de outras esferas da vida em sociedade.
A música rap de Azagaia: protestar contra injustiças sociais em Moçambique
Authors: Machonisse Tânia , Ribeiro Orquídea Moreira
Published: October 2023

Este estudo pretende enquadrar o rap moçambicano dentro de uma perspetiva revolucionária que usa a língua portuguesa com moçambicanismos como veículo de construção de um discurso identitário em jovens com pensamento crítico e criativo sobre a realidade democrática moçambicana, permitindo a (re)construção da memória coletiva das experiências vividas num mundo globalizado. O estudo parte do debate sobre o lugar da língua portuguesa e das línguas bantu no rap produzido em Moçambique, e o papel deste como marco identitário da cultura moçambicana na sua relação com a memória coletiva. Oferece-se uma análise de conteúdo de quatro músicas do rapper moçambicano Azagaia, utilizando duas categorias de análise: (1) o rap como espaço de ação promotor de um projeto alternativo de governação em Moçambique e (2) o rap como veículo de vocalização da memória coletiva sobre injustiça social em Moçambique.
Mulheres sindicalistas de Abril: ausências, insurgências e emergências
Authors: Silva Sidney Jard da , Recoaro Deise Aparecida
Published: October 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma sociologia das ausências e das emergências das mulheres no movimento sindical português. O objeto de pesquisa são as memórias de operárias e sindicalistas que vivenciaram o processo de transição democrática em Portugal. Ao analisar a paradoxal condição do trabalho como espaço de exploração econômica mas também de insurgência feminina, apresentam-se as possibilidades históricas de emergência da mulher no sindicalismo português e destaca-se a persistência das desigualdades de gênero no ativismo sindical contemporâneo. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental, consulta de depoimentos e entrevistas. Por fim, identificam-se os principais achados da aplicação do referencial teórico da sociologia das ausências e das emergências nos estudos sindicais, com foco na militância da mulher trabalhadora.
Generations and Intergenerational Learning
Authors: Çelik Çağlar
Published: October 2023

This chapter critically examines the concept of generations and the dynamics of intergenerational learning. It challenges the traditional definition of a generation as a span of twenty to thirty years, arguing that this view is outdated due to rapid societal changes and the trend of delayed parenthood. The chapter proposes a broader understanding of a generation as a collective of individuals who share similar life experiences and societal events. It further explores the unique characteristics, value judgments, attitudes, strengths, and weaknesses of each generation, cautioning against overgeneralization. The chapter also delves into the concept of intergenerational learning, emphasizing its continuous, multifaceted, and lifelong nature, and its occurrence in both formal and informal settings. It concludes by highlighting the significant influence that generational personas can have on societal structures and dynamics.
Research on the Repair Quality of Crack in Concrete Structures by Stress Waves
Authors: Hsu Keng Tsang , Cai Ji Heng , Yang Wen Ning , Cai Xing Run
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of this study is to develop non-destructive testing techniques for assessing the repair condition of concrete structures. Concrete is a building material commonly used in engineering, such as dams, bridges, retaining walls, houses, etc.. Concrete structures frequently exist various types of cracks due to inferior environments and excessive loading. There are several crack-repairing techniques used in concrete construction. The most common method is to use epoxy. The proposed research will perform a series of numerical and experimental studies to investigate the feasibility of developing a new technique for quantitative evaluation of the concrete surface crack repairing status degree. The results of the studies will form the experimental study for establishing the experimental procedure and signal analysis criteria for further field application in the nondestructive evaluation of concrete surface crack repairing status.
Development and Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance and Hydrophobic Properties of Thermal Sprayed Coatings over Carbon Steel
Authors: Nanou Paraskevi , Konstantaras John , Zarkadoulas Athanasios , Montorsi Luca , Jouhara Hussam , Stathopoulos Vassilis N.
Published: October 2023

Various industrial parts and equipment made of steel need to withstand demanding conditions. In order to increase performance and lifetime, surface processing and functional coatings can be applied. In this study we report on the evaluation of coated carbon steel with commercial corrosion-resistant powders Diamalloy 4276 and Woka 7502 by Oerlikon Metco, using thermal spraying. Further functionalization is performed by rendering thermal sprayed surfaces syperhydrophobic via gas phase deposition of trichloro-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl silane, (PFOTS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, contact angle and water condensation studies reveal the protective properties of coatings prepared by both materials as well as the superiority of Diamalloy 4276 based coatings. Corrosion was evaluated under a harsh 20% w/w H2SO4 environment. Rendering the coating superhydrophobic improves water condensation under the tested conditions of high (80%) relative humidity.
Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensates in Respiratory Clinical Fields
Authors: Choi Yong Jun , Lee Min Jae , Byun Min Kwang , Park Sangho , Park Jimyung , Park Dongil , Kim Sang-Hoon , Kim Youngsam , Lim Seong Yong , Yoo Kwang Ha , Jung Ki Suck , Park Hye Jung
Published: October 2023

Background: Exhaled condensates contain inflammatory biomarkers; however, their roles in the clinical field have been under-investigated.Methods: We prospectively enrolled subjects admitted to pulmonology clinics. We collected exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and analysed the levels of six and 12 biomarkers using conventional and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: Among the 123 subjects, healthy controls constituted the largest group (81 participants; 65.9%), followed by the preserved ratio impaired spirometry group (21 patients; 17.1%) and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) group (21 patients; 17.1%). In COPD patients, platelet derived growth factor-AA exhibited strong positive correlations with COPD assessment test (ρ=0.5926, p=0.0423) and COPD-specific version of St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) score (total, ρ=0.6725, p=0.0166; activity, ρ=0.7176, p=0.0086; and impacts, ρ=0.6151, p=0.0333). Granzyme B showed strong positive correlations with SGRQ-C score (symptoms, ρ=0.6078, p=0.0360; and impacts, ρ=0.6007, p=0.0389). Interleukin 6 exhibited a strong positive correlation with SGRQ-C score (activity, ρ=0.4671, p=0.0378). The absolute serum eosinophil and basophil counts showed positive correlations with pro-collagen I alpha 1 (ρ=0.6735, p=0.0164 and ρ=0.6295, p=0.0283, respectively). In healthy subjects, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity demonstrated significant correlation with CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (ρ=0.3897 and p=0.0068). FEV1 exhibited significant correlation with CCL11/eotaxin (ρ=0.4445 and p=0.0017).Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers in EBC might be useful to predict quality of life concerning respiratory symptoms and serologic markers. Further studies are needed.
Diagnostic Approaches for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lee Jae Ha , Song Jin Woo
Published: October 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia with a very poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of IPF is essential for good outcomes but remains a major medical challenge due to variability in clinical presentation and the shortcomings of existing diagnostic tests. Medical history collection is the first and most important step in the IPF diagnosis process; the clinical probability of IPF is high if the suspected patient is 60 years or older, male, and has a history of cigarette smoking. Systemic assessment for connective tissue disease is essential in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected IPF to identify potential causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Radiologic examination using high-resolution computed tomography plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of patients with ILD, and prone and expiratory computed tomography images can be considered. If additional tests such as surgical lung biopsy or transbronchial lung cryobiopsy are needed, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy should be considered as an alternative to surgical lung biopsy in medical centers with experience performing this procedure. Diagnosis through multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) is strongly recommended as MDD has become the cornerstone for diagnosis of IPF, and the scope of MDD has expanded to monitoring of disease progression and suggestion of appropriate treatment options.
Association of Interview and Holistic Review Metrics With Resident Performance-Related Difficulties in an Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Hemrajani Reena , Vettese Theresa , Law Karen , Turbow Sara
Published: October 2023

Background The utility of traditional academic factors to predict residency candidates’ performance is unclear. Many programs utilize holistic review processes assessing applicants on an expanded range of application and interview characteristics. Determining which characteristics might predict performance-related difficulty in residency is needed.

Objective We aim to elucidate factors associated with residency performance-related difficulty in a large academic internal medicine residency program.

Methods In 2022, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of Electronic Residency Application Service and interview data for residents matriculating between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of performance-related difficulty during residency (referral to the Clinical Competency Committee; any rotation evaluation score of 2 out of 5 or lower; and/or a confidential “comment of concern” to the program director). Logistic regression models were fit to assess associations between resident characteristics and the composite outcome.

Results Thirty-eight of 117 residents met the composite outcome. Gold Humanism Honor Society (odds ratio [OR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.87) or Alpha Omega Alpha (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.99) members were less likely to have performance-related difficulty, as were residents with higher United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.47-1.00). One-point increases in general faculty overall interview score, leadership competency score, and leadership overall score were associated with 41% to 63% lower odds of meeting the composite outcome. Interview or file review “flags” had an OR of 2.82 (95% CI 1.37-5.80) for the composite outcome.

Conclusions Seven metrics were associated with the composite outcome of resident performance-related difficulty.
The Resident Readiness Survey: A National Process for Program Directors to Provide Standardized Feedback to Medical Schools About Their Graduates
Authors: Howley Lisa , Grbic Douglas , Speicher Mark R. , Roskovensky Lindsay B. , Jayas Amy , Andriole Dorothy A.
Published: October 2023

Background The process for program directors (PDs) to provide feedback to medical schools about their graduates’ readiness for postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) training is burdensome and does not generate national benchmarking data.

Objective The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) tested the feasibility of administering a standardized Resident Readiness Survey (RRS) to PDs nationally about their PGY-1 residents’ preparedness for residency.

Methods In 2020 and 2021, the AAMC invited PDs via email to complete RRSs for their PGY-1s who graduated from participating schools; the AAMC provided schools with reports of identified RRS data for their graduates. Outcome measures included school participation rates, PD response rates, PGY-1s’ coverage rates (RRSs completed/RRSs PDs invited to complete), RRS completion time (time-stamp difference: RRS opening–submission), and participating schools’ feedback about the process collected via AAMC evaluation questionnaires sent to school leaders. Chi-square tested significance of differences between proportions.

Results School participation increased from 43.8% (2020: 77 of 176) to 72.4% (2021: 131 of 181). PD response rates, similar in both years overall (2020: 1786 of 2847 [62.7%]; 2021: 2107 of 3406 [61.9%]; P=.48), varied by specialty (P<.001; range 65 of 154 [42.2%], neurology; 109 of 136 [80.1%], internal medicine-pediatrics, both years combined). PGY-1s’ coverage rates were similar (P=.21) in 2020 (5567 of 10 712 [52.0%]) and 2021 (9688 of 18 372 [52.7%]). RRS completion time averaged less than 3 minutes. Numerous school leaders reported that RRS data stimulated new, or supported ongoing, curricular quality improvement.

Conclusions Administration of a standardized RRS to PDs nationally about PGY-1s preparedness for residency is feasible and will continue.
Assessing the Finances of Applying to Surgical Residency in 2019-2020: A US Nationwide Surgical Specialties Comparison
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Pulford Christopher
Published: October 2023

Background The costs of applying to residency programs may affect which students choose to apply to a specialty, yet few studies have compared expenses of applying to different surgical specialties.

Objective To compare individual and total expenses for applicants applying to 5 US surgical specialties during an in-person interview and recruitment period.

Methods Post-match survey data from 2019-2020, from senior applicants of 123 of 141 (87.2%) US medical schools, to orthopaedic surgery (OS), neurological surgery (NS), urology (UR), plastic surgery (PS), otolaryngology (OTO) programs, was analyzed for applicant characteristics and mean application, away rotation, interview, and total expenses. Kruskal-Wallis H tests compared differences in costs between specialties. P values <.05 were significant.

Results The survey data included 1136 applicants, representing a response rate of 27%, with 459 applicants to OS, 121 to NS, 191 to UR, 117 to PS, and 248 to OTO. Mean application costs were different among the specialties: OS, $1,990; NS, $1,711; UR, $1,570; PS, $1,638; and OTO, $1,612 (P≤.003). Mean interview expenses also differed: OS, $3,129; NS, $6,400; UR, $3,915; PS, $5,486; and OTO, $3,540 (P≤.001) as well as away rotation expenses: OS, $3,182; NS, $3,840; UR, $2,640; PS, $4,074; and OTO, $2,437 (P≤.029). Mean total costs were high and differed among specialties: OS, $8,205; NS, $11,882; UR, $8,207; PS, $10,845; and OTO, $7,516 (P≤.029).

Conclusions Applying to surgical residencies in the pre-pandemic era was expensive, with mean costs over $10,000 for NS and PS. The largest contribution to total costs were interview expenses.
Bibliometric structured review of tuberculosis in Nigeria
Authors: Adewale Olaleye Sunday , Samson Balogun Oluwafemi , Adusei-Mensah Frank
Published: October 2023

Background: The tuberculosis burden is growing in Nigeria along with its population. For example, Nigeria has the sixth highest TB burden globally, with an estimated 4.3 per cent multi-drug resistance in new cases. This study builds on the existing study that examined academic involvement in tuberculosis research. The study in question focused on global medical literature related to tuberculosis, but the non-visibility of some low and middle-income countries in the bigger global picture motivated this present study. Every year, over 245,000 Nigerians succumb to tuberculosis (TB), with approximately 590,000 new cases reported (of these, around 140,000 are also HIV-positive). This study carried out an academic publication evaluation with the VOS viewer tool to map bibliometric data for scholarly articles published between 1991 and 2021 on tuberculosis research and used the Biblioshiny app for analytics and plots of authors, sources, and documents to explore the descriptive statistics of tuberculosis literature. The present study delineates that England has the highest collaborating country with Nigeria in the study of tuberculosis over the years and according to the report, the University of Nigeria, the University of Ibadan, and Nnamdi Azikwe University are Nigerian institutions with extensive collaborations. This study concludes with managerial implications for future actions.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; bibliometric; University; Nigeria; collaboration; authors.
Ocular complications and associated factors among traditional eye medicines users attending the eye clinic at Mulago national referral hospital, Uganda
Authors: Msonge Fransisco , Rebecca Clare Lusobya , A Musika Anne , Atukunda Immaculate , Otike Caroline , Paul Juma , Nagawa Elizabeth , Headcraph Eunice , Nakiyingi Lydia , M Yancey Charles , John Agaba , Otiti-Sengeri Juliet
Published: October 2023

Background: Over the past decades there has been a phenomenal increase in the use of Traditional Eye medicines (TEM) worldwide and there are several factors that compel patients to use TEM.

Objectives: We conducted a study to determine the types of traditional eye medicine, ocular complications, and associated factors among traditional eye medicine users at the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) eye clinic.

Methods and Materials: A hospital-based cross-sectional study among TEM users at MNRH eye clinic from June to August 2021. Epi Data version 4.2 and STATA version 15 used for analysis. A modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to determine the associated factors.

Results: Overall, 182 TEM users (males:53.3%) were enrolled, with a mean age of 36±21SD years. The most frequently used type of TEM were plant products (47.8%). 70% of TEM users had ocular complications, the most frequent manifestation was conjunctivitis (53.9%). Ocular complications were significantly associated with living in the urban areas (p< 0.006) and participants who reported ease and availability of TEM (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Plant-based products were the most frequently used types of TEM, a large proportion of the TEM users were found with sight-threatening ocular complications.

Keywords: Traditional eye medicine; Uganda; Complications.
Birth asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns at a tertiary hospital: evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Demisse Mulugeta , Tadesse Rahel , Kerebeza Kidist , Alemayehu Yonas , Hoyiso Dawit , Yeheyis Tomas
Published: October 2023

Background: Globally, 45% of under-five children death occurs during the neonatal period and about 25% of all neonatal deaths are caused by birth asphyxia. In Ethiopia, in 2015, it was the first cause of neonatal deaths followed by prematurity and sepsis. The study aims to assess prevalence of Birth asphyxia and associated factors.

Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Hawassa University Specialized comprehensive hospital from December 1 to December 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select samples. Logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social sciences version 24was employed.

Results: The prevalence of neonatal asphyxia in this study was17.9%. Prolonged labor [AOR (Adjusted odds ration) = 2.909; (95% CI (Confidence Interval): 1.184 – 7.151)], presence of meconium [AOR= 2.137; 95% CI 1.028 – 4.683)], premature rapture of membrane [AOR = 2.459; 95% CI: 1.021 – 6.076)] and complication during labor [AOR= 3.351; 95% CI: 2.142 – 5.871))], were factors associated with neonatal asphyxia.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Nearly two in every ten newborns faced perinatal asphyxia in the study area. Early identification of high-risk women, intervening on delay in referral, and early and vigorous management of abnormal labor and complicated labor is essential to halt the problem.

Keywords: Birth asphyxia; neonates; neonatal intensive care unit.
Calidad educativa y satisfacción del servicio percibido de los estudiantes de los institutos tecnológicos de Riobamba
Authors: Castelo Quinde Silvia Valeria , Quishpi Espinel Laura Mercedes , Gómez Jaramillo María Ángela , Campos Cabezas Evelin Adriana
Published: October 2023

El estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto de la calidad percibida por los estudiantes y el precio percibido en la satisfacción de los estudiantes mediante la aplicación del modelo ServQual para reconocer la percepción de los estudiantes. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, por lo que, es esencial para recopilar datos precisos y confiables que puedan analizarse estadísticamente. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada de 200 estudiantes de los 4 institutos tecnológicos de la provincia de Chimborazo según el estudio de corte transversal. Para recolectar la información, se aplicó un cuestionario realizado en Microsoft Forms a los estudiantes de los 4 institutos pertenecientes a la provincia de Chimborazo basada en el modelo SERVQUAL, con la intervención de las dimensiones: tangibilidad, confiabilidad, responsabilidad, seguridad, empatía y calidad del servicio. Para obtener los resultados se utilizó el método estadístico de análisis factorial mediante el software SPSS, del cual se obtienen las pruebas KMO y Bartlett para determinar la factibilidad del modelo. Finalmente se concluyó que, una vez que se examinó el impacto de la calidad percibida por los estudiantes y el valor percibido en la satisfacción de los estudiantes dio como resultado una relación del 72% de acuerdo con el análisis factorial realizado, lo que sugiere que estos dos factores son altamente influyentes en la experiencia de los alumnos.
HARDENING OF LIGHTWEIGHT MULTI-PRINCIPAL ELEMENT TITANIUM-BASED ALLOY UNDER AR ION IRRADIATION
Authors: Tolstolutska G. , Tikhonovsky M. , Velikodny О. , Karpov S. , Ruzhytskyi V. , Tolmachova G. , Vasilenko R.
Published: October 2023

Among new prospective materials multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their excellent corrosion and irradiation resistance as well as their good mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. The new lightweight multi-principal element titanium-based alloy 61Ti-10Cr-7Al11V-11Nb (at. %) with high ductility at room and elevated temperatures is studied. This single-phase bcc alloy was irradiated with 1.4 MeV Ar ions at room temperature and mid-range doses from 1 to 10 displacements per atom. The effect of irradiation is studied by examining the hardening. A comparison was performed with irradiation-induced hardening behaviour of MPEA, 316 austenitic stainless steel irradiated under an identical condition. It was shown
that hardness increases with irradiation dose for all the materials studied, but this increase is lower in multi-principal element alloys both face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures than in stainless conventional steel.
Endometrial Cancer. Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors:   Hospital Generalde Reynosa, Vigil Cariño , Lemus Oscar Ivan ,   Hospital Generalde Reynosa
Published: October 2023

Endometrial cancer is one of the main gynecological cancers worldwide, risk factors play a very important role, and very recently it has been associated with obesity. There is a classification with 7 different types of endometrial tumor. Hysterectomy continues to be the primary treatment in patients with endometrial cancer, adjuvant treatment depends on the stage and prognosis of the patient.
A implementação do Programa Academia e Futebol em convênio com a UFMS
Authors: D'auria Breno Brey , Maciel Carina Elisabeth , Silva Dirceu Santos
Published: October 2023

O objetivo foi analisar a implementação do Programa Academia e Futebol (PAF) em convênio com a Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), na cidade de Campo Grande, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Duas foram as fontes de dados utilizadas para a análise: documentos oficiais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores. Os principais resultados apontaram que o programa apresentou uma proposta de trabalho alinhada com as diretrizes, mas precisou passar por reformulações. As ações envolveram a tríade da universidade: ensino na organização de cursos de formação e eventos científicos; pesquisa no desenvolvimento do Centro de Excelência em Estudos do Futebol e Futsal e na produção científica; extensão no funcionamento Núcleo de Vivência Futebol e Futsal em atendimentos aos beneficiários. Conclui-se que o programa contribuiu para o acesso do esporte como direito para crianças e adolescentes matriculados na rede de ensino público e privado, além de contribuir para a formação de professores, acadêmicos e demais profissionais a partir dos cursos e da produção científica em decorrência da implementação do convênio.
Palavras-Chave: Política Pública. Política Social. Programa Social. Ensino. Esportes.
Assessing the Mpox and Infection Prevention and Control Knowledge of Personal Service Establishments' Operators in Metro Vancouver Regional District of British Columbia
Authors: Valeroso Christian Jefferson , Chen Dale
Published: October 2023

Mpox virus, formerly known as the Monkeypox virus, is a re-emerging pathogen that causes the infectious disease Mpox. Mpox was designated as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization due to its rapid spread outside West and Central Africa. Personal service establishments (PSEs) could be a setting for exposure to Mpox because some of their services involve direct contact with their patrons. The aim of this research was to investigate the infection prevention and control (IPAC) and Mpox knowledge levels among PSE operators and to determine the associations between IPAC knowledge, Mpox knowledge, years of experience, and point-of-service risk assessment