bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging multimission satellite data for spatiotemporally coherent cyanoHAB monitoring
Authors: Fickas Kate C. , O’Shea Ryan E. , Pahlevan Nima , Smith Brandon , Bartlett Sarah L. , Wolny Jennifer L.
Published: September 2023

Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) present a critical public health challenge for aquatic resource and public health managers. Satellite remote sensing is well-positioned to aid in the identification and mapping of cyanoHABs and their dynamics, giving freshwater resource managers a tool for both rapid and long-term protection of public health. Monitoring cyanoHABs in lakes and reservoirs with remote sensing requires robust processing techniques for generating accurate and consistent products across local and global scales at high revisit rates. We leveraged the high spatial and temporal resolution chlorophyll-a (Chla) and phycocyanin (PC) maps from two multispectral satellite sensors, the Sentinel-2 (S2) MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) and the Sentinel-3 (S3) Ocean Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) respectively, to study bloom dynamics in Utah Lake, United States, for 2018. We used established Mixture Density Networks (MDNs) to map Chla from MSI and train new MDNs for PC retrieval from OLCI, using the same architecture and training dataset previously proven for PC retrieval from hyperspectral imagery. Our assessment suggests lower median uncertainties and biases (i.e., 42% and -4%, respectively) than that of existing top-performing PC algorithms. Additionally, we compared bloom trends in MDN-based PC and Chla products to those from a satellite-derived cyanobacteria cell density estimator, the cyanobacteria index (CI-cyano), to evaluate their utility in the context of public health risk management. Our comprehensive analyses indicate increased spatiotemporal coherence of bloom magnitude, frequency, occurrence, and extent of MDN-based maps compared to CI-cyano and potential for use in cyanoHAB monitoring for public health and aquatic resource managers.
Mixed viral infection constrains the genome formula of multipartite cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Boezen Dieke , Vermeulen Maritta , Johnson Marcelle L. , van der Vlugt René A. A. , Malmstrom Carolyn M. , Zwart Mark P.
Published: September 2023

Many plant viruses have a multipartite organization, with multiple genome segments packaged into separate virus particles. The genome formula describes the relative frequencies of all viral genome segments, and previous work suggests rapid changes in these frequencies facilitate virus adaptation. Many studies have reported mixed viral infections in plants, often resulting in strong virus–virus interactions. Here, we tested whether mixed infections with tripartite alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and monopartite potato virus Y (PVY) affected the genome formula of the tripartite cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), our experimental model. We found that the CMV titer was reduced in mixed infections with its tripartite Bromoviridae relative AMV and in triple infections with both AMV and PVY, indicating notable virus–virus interactions. The variability of the CMV genome formula was significantly lower in mixed infections (CMV and AMV, CMV and PVY, and CMV and AMV and PVY) than in single infections (CMV only). These observations led to the surprising conclusion that mixed infections with two distinct viruses constrain the CMV genome formula. It remains unclear how common these effects are for different combinations of virus species and strains and what the underlying mechanisms are. We, therefore, extended a simulation model to consider three putative scenarios in which a second virus affected the genome formula. The simulation results also suggested that shifts in the genome formula occur, but may not be widespread due to the required conditions. One scenario modeled—co-infection exclusion through niche differentiation—was congruent with the experimental data, as this scenario led to reductions in genome formula variability and titer of the multipartite virus. Whereas previous studies highlighted host–species effects, our results indicate that the genome formula is also affected by mixed infections, suggesting that there is a broader set of environmental cues that affect the genome formula.
Prognostic Factors Associated With Sleep Duration: Serum Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance and Superoxide Dismutase 1 as Oxidative Stress Markers and Anxiety/Depression
Authors: Darroudi Susan , Eslamiyeh Mostafa , Jaber Al-Fayyadh Karrar Khaleel , Zamiri Bidary Mohammad , Danesteh Sina , Hassanzadeh Gouji Aliakbar , Darban Reza Assaran , Esmaily Habibollah , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Moohebati Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A.
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Sleep is a conserved vital behavior in humans, and insufficient sleep is associated with several disorders. Recent studies have investigated the association of sleep duration, oxidative stress markers, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, we aim to assess the relationship between sleep duration, serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels as markers of oxidative stress, anxiety, and depression.

Methods: Participants included in our cross-sectional analysis were recruited as part of the MASHAD study (n = 9,184). Nocturnal sleep duration was identified using a self-reported questionnaire, and serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels were assessed using methods that have been previously reported.

Results: Serum PAB, depression, and anxiety scores were found significantly higher in subjects with very short sleep duration. In an adjusted model using MANOVA regression analysis, serum PAB was significantly higher in the subjects with a very short sleep duration (p: 0.016 in depression and p: 0.002 in anxiety).

Conclusion: The present cross-sectional study demonstrates a relationship between sleep duration, oxidative balance, and depression/anxiety, especially in anxiety subjects that might predict each other.
When Illegitimate Tasks Threaten Patient Safety Culture: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Cullati Stéphane , Semmer Norbert K. , Tschan Franziska , Choupay Gaëlle , Chopard Pierre , Courvoisier Delphine S.
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The current study investigates the prevalence of illegitimate tasks in a hospital setting and their association with patient safety culture outcomes, which has not been previously investigated.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in a tertiary referral hospital. Patient safety culture outcomes were measured using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire; the primary outcome measures were a low safety rating for the respondent’s unit and whether the respondent had completed one or more safety event reports in the last 12 months. Analyses were adjusted for hospital department and staff member characteristics relating to work and health.

Results: A total of 2,276 respondents answered the survey (participation rate: 35.0%). Overall, 26.2% of respondents perceived illegitimate tasks to occur frequently, 8.1% reported a low level of safety in their unit, and 60.3% reported having completed one or more safety event reports. In multivariable analyses, perception of a higher frequency of illegitimate tasks was associated with a higher risk of reporting a low safety rating and with a higher chance of having completed event reports.

Conclusion: The prevalence of perceived illegitimate tasks was rather high. A programme aiming to reduce illegitimate tasks could provide support for a causal effect of these tasks on safety culture outcomes.
Analyzing the Capital market movements and saving patterns of South Asian Countries: Evidence from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
Authors: Ahmed Mah-a-Mobeen , Awais Muhammad , Rehman Dr. Kashif Ur
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the role of capital market and saving pattern in the acceleration of economic growth in Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh with special emphasis on the impact of financial sector reforms initiated in 2000. The data used in this study was collected from the period of 2000 to 2012 of 3 South Asian countries namely, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. The result showed that Pakistan tryed to improve its saving patterns but didn't achieve its goal. Pakistan achieved its higher saving pattern in 2003.Pakistan was trying to strengthen its stock market as it considered as a proxy of economy. Pakistan achieved its goal during the period of 2002-07. Pakistan was trying to focus on its “human development” Pakistan started achieving its goal in 2011 & 2012, which was the period of “Pakistan People's Party (PPP)”, as PPP is most dominant in Pakistan in terms of pay structure reforms. Bangladesh was trying to improve its saving patterns and has also achieved its goal. Bangladesh achieved its higher saving pattern in 2009.Bangladesh was trying to strengthen its stock market as it considered as a proxy of economy. Bangladesh was continuously achieving its goals during the period of 2002-11. Bangladesh was trying to focus on its “human development”, but Bangladesh didn't achieve its goal because of some mismanagement of policies. Sri Lanka was trying to improve its saving patterns but didn't achieve its goal properly because of too much uncertainty & fluctuations. Sri Lanka was trying to strengthen its stock market as it considered as a proxy of economy. Sri Lanka was continuously achieving its goal during the period of 2002-06. Sri Lanka tryed to focus on its “human development”, but Sri Lanka didn't achieve its goal because of some negligence of strategies. Sri Lanka achieved its higher saving pattern in 2005.
The Impact of Covid-19: on Administration of Universities in TwinCities of Pakistan in Terms of E-Learnin
Authors: Dar Imran Bashir , Ali Hamna Asif , Butt Malaika Asad , Amman Neha , Ejaz Hadiqa , Sultan Sohail
Published: September 2023

The study is about the impact of Covid-19 on administration of universities in twin- cities of Pakistan in terms of e-learning. It is a novel topic that required qualitative research through in-depth interviews from the experts of the matter at hand. The highlights and the themes portray the gamut of the problem and the heterogeneity of the issues surrounding the exercise of e-learning in the twin cities of Pakistan. The results of this study provide theoretical foundation for future mature studies and portray the empirical implications for university management in terms of the major challenges and their nature and corresponding solutions.
Determinants of Capital Flight and its Impact on Economic Performance: A Study of Developing Economies
Authors: Nasreen Farah , Mirza Dr. Ashfaq Ahmed , Rehman Dr. Abdul
Published: September 2023

Capital flight imposes a great danger to the developing economies by lowering their economic activity, devaluing the currency, and hindering growth. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the determinants of capital flight of developing economies. Determinants are studied as indices, and these indices are calculated by using the Arithmetic Mean approach. There is a two-step model; in the first part,determinants are discussed, and in the second part, capital flight is used as an independent variable, and its impact on economic performance is measured in 57 Developing Economies. GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) is used for the determinants of capital flight, and panel GLS (Generalized least square) is used to check the impact of capital flight on economic performance. Macroeconomic variables (external debt, inflation, exports, interest rate, and exchange rate) are also part of the study with four indices as determinants (Country Risk Index, Economic Freedom Index, financial inclusion index, and Governance institution and corruption index). Results suggested that all included indices are significant along with all macroeconomicvariables. Country risk, external debt, and exports have a negative coefficient, and othershave a positive coefficient value. Capital investment, foreign direct investment, and Gross domestic product are used as proxies of economic performance. Results of GLS have shown there is a significant and negative impact of capital flight on economic performance. Capital flight is measured by using the residual methodology.
Exchange rate spillover effect on Stock Returns: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Ribbat
Published: September 2023

Volatility spillover is measured as the transferal of variability among different financial markets. The objective of this study is to see if there is any effect volatility spillover amongexchange rates and stock returns in Pakistan or not. For this purpose the secondary dataranging from April 2010 – April 2020 is collected and analyzed using multivariate dynamic conditional correlation GARCH (DCC-MGARCH) model. It is observed that there is a notable volatility spillover impact between the two. This study can be used by different investing firms and individual investors incorporating the spillover impact in order to hedge and diversify their portfolios. It can also be used by educational institutions for teaching and training purposes. It can also help the policy makers providing recommendations regarding spillover effect between the concerned markets.
Consumer Behaviour towards Social Media under COVID-19: A Multi-Study Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Qazi Mohammed , Wajid Anees , Nazir Muhammad Arsalan , Ahmad Tehsin
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study is to investigate the underlying mechanism between the relationship of consumers' beliefs (in terms of credibility, invasiveness, and infotainment), behavioral intentions [in terms of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) and purchase intentions] and resilience towards negative information (RNI). We propose that these relationships are sequentially mediated by consumers' perceived social media advertising value (PSMAV) and their attitudes towards social media advertising (CATSMA). We report the results based on two studies. For study 1 (pre- COVID-19), we draw on survey evidence from 673 active users of social media (comprising of students & professionals) in Pakistan. For study 2 (post COVID-19), we draw on a usable sample of 263 respondents of similar demographics. Data are analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling. Results of study 1 reveal that the relationships of infotainment and credibility with behavioral intentions are positive and partially mediated by the sequence of PSMAV and CATSMA. However, the relationship between invasiveness and behavioral intentions is negative and fully mediated by the sequence of PSMAV and CATSMA. For study 2, for both infotainment and credibility; PSMAV and CATSMA sequentially mediate the relationship between these belief constructs and RNI. For invasiveness, this sequential mediation remains ineffective. Consumer attitudes also show a positive linkage with RNI. This paper extends the extant literature by showing how (in a social media advertising context) consumers' beliefs relate to consumers' behavioral intentions and how positive attitudes formulate a higher RNI. Furthermore, we advance the literature by drawing on evidence from an under-researched context of Pakistan that has experienced dynamic changes during the pandemic era.
A Digital-Twin-Based Detection and Protection Framework for SDC-Induced Sinkhole and Grayhole Nodes in Satellite Networks
Authors: Qiao Gongzhe , Zhuang Yi , Ye Tong , Qiao Yuan
Published: September 2023

In the space environment, cosmic rays and high-energy particles may cause a single-event upset (SEU) during program execution, and further cause silent data corruption (SDC) errors in program outputs. After extensive research on SEU and SDC errors, it has been found that SDC errors in the routing program in satellite networks may lead to the emergence of Sinkhole (SH) and Grayhole (GH) nodes in the network, which may cause damage to satellite networks. To find and solve the problems in time, a digital-twin-based detection and protection framework for SDC-induced SH and GH nodes in satellite networks is proposed. First, the satellite network fault model under SEU and the generation mechanism of SH and GH nodes induced by SDC errors are described. Then, the data structure based on digital twins required by the proposed detection and protection framework is designed, and the detection methods of SH and GH nodes induced by SDC errors are proposed. SKT and LLFI simulation tools are used to build a simulated Iridium satellite network and carry out fault injection experiments. Experiment results show that the accuracy of the proposed detection method is 98–100%, and the additional time cost of routing convergence caused by the proposed framework is 3.1–28.2%. Compared with existing SH and GH detection methods, the proposed methods can timely and accurately detect faults during the routing update stage.
Effects of Tourist and Researcher Presence on Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in Wild, Habituated Sulawesi Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra)
Authors: Bertrand Dominique A. , Berman Carol M. , Heistermann Michael , Agil Muhammad , Sutiah Uni , Engelhardt Antje
Published: September 2023

Ecotourism managers and researchers often assume that apparently habituated primate groups no longer experience adverse consequences of prolonged exposure to tourists or researchers. We examined the effects of tourists and researchers on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite output (FGCM) in three critically endangered, wild crested macaque (Macaca nigra) groups in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia. We assayed FGCM from 456 fecal samples collected from thirty-three adults. Tourists can walk through and among macaque groups freely. Hence, we examined the possible effects of tourists both (1) in the reserve when away and not interacting with the study groups and (2) when they were present within the macaque groups. Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis indicated that when tourists were present in the forest, but not directly among the macaques, FGCM levels in the macaque tourism groups were higher in months with more tourists. When tourists were among the macaque groups, some female macaques experienced rises and subsequent postexposure decreases in FGCM levels, consistent with predictions for acute stress. Male FGCM levels increased with tourist numbers within the group. Nevertheless, they were not significantly different from levels during undisturbed or postexposure conditions. FGCM responses related to researchers in groups varied by group, sex, and tourist presence. However, the temporal patterning of FGCM responses showed little evidence of chronic stress from tourism at this site.
Effects of Phlorotannins from Sargassum on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Fatty Acid Profile
Authors: Huang Qianqian , Chen Yuhua , Wang Xingxing , Wei Yuanhao , Pan Min , Zhao Guoqi
Published: September 2023

The fatty acid profiles of ruminant-derived products are closely associated with human health. Ruminal microbiota play a vital role in modulating rumen biohydrogenation (BH). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary supplementation with phlorotannins (PTs) extracted from Sargassum on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and bacterial communities by an in vitro culture study. The inclusion of PTs in the diet increased dry matter digestibility and gas production, and reduced ammonia-N concentration and pH. PT extract inhibited rumen BH, increasing the content of trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-9 and trans-12 C18:2 and reducing C18:0 concentration. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PTs caused an obvious change in rumen bacterial communities. The presence of Prevotella decreased while carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas, Ruminobacter and Fibrobacter increased. Correlation analysis between rumen FA composition and the bacterial microbiome revealed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Anaerovorax, Ruminococcus, Ruminobacter, Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Clostridia_UCG-014 might have been involved in the BH process. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of PTs in the diet improved rumen fermentation and FA composition through modulating the rumen bacterial community.
Molecular Characteristics of the Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein (FABP) Family in Spirometra mansoni―A Neglected Medical Tapeworm
Authors: Liu Shinan , Gao Fei , Wang Ruijie , Li Wen , Wang Siyao , Zhang Xi
Published: September 2023

The plerocercoid larva of the tapeworm Spirometra mansoni can parasitize humans and animals, causing serious parasitic zoonosis. The molecular characteristics and adaptive parasitism mechanism of Spirometra tapeworms are still unknown. In this study, 11 new members of the fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) family were characterized in S. mansoni. A clustering analysis showed 11 SmFABPs arranged into two groups, and motif patterns within each group had similar organizations. RT–qPCR showed that SmFABPs were highly expressed in the adult stage, especially in gravid proglottid. A high genetic diversity of SmFABPs and relative conservation of FABPs in medical platyhelminthes were observed in the phylogenetic analysis. Immunolocalization revealed that natural SmFABP is mainly located in the tegument and parenchymal tissue of the plerocercoid and the uterus, genital pores, and cortex of adult worms. rSmFABP can build a more stable holo form when binding with palmitic acid to protect the hydrolytic sites of the protein. A fatty acid starvation induction test suggested that SmFABP might be involved in fatty acid absorption, transport, and metabolism in S. mansoni. The findings in this study will lay the foundation to better explore the underlying mechanisms of FABPs involved in Spirometra tapeworms as well as related taxa.
Therapeutic Potential of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Calcium Hydroxide-Based Intracanal Medications in Endo-Periodontal Lesions: An Ex Vivo and In Vitro Study
Authors: Sy Kadiatou , Chevalier Charlène , Maton Mickaël , Mokbel Ilham , Mahieux Séverine , Houcke Isabelle , Neut Christel , Grosgogeat Brigitte , Deveaux Etienne , Gritsch Kerstin , Agossa Kevimy
Published: September 2023

Endo-periodontal lesions are challenging clinical situations where both the supporting tissues and the root canal of the same tooth are infected. In the present study, chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes were used as intracanal medications (ICMs). They were prepared and tested on pathogens found in both the root canal and the periodontal pocket. Exposure to 0.5% and 1% CHX-loaded ICMs decreased the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and was effective in eradicating or inhibiting an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. CH was injected into the root canal of extracted human teeth immersed in deionized water. CHX-loaded ICMs resulted in the transradicular diffusion of active components outside the tooth through the apex and the lateral dentinal tubules, as shown by the release of CHX (from 3.99 µg/mL to 51.28 µg/mL) and changes in pH (from 6.63 to 8.18) and calcium concentrations (from 2.42 ppm to 14.67 ppm) after 7 days. The 0.5% CHX-loaded ICM was non-toxic and reduced the release of IL-6 by periodontal cells stimulated by P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharides. Results indicate that the root canal may serve as a reservoir for periodontal drug delivery and that CHX-based ICMs can be an adjuvant for the control of infections and inflammation in endo-periodontal lesions.
Cystathionine Gamma Lyase Is Regulated by Flow and Controls Smooth Muscle Migration in Human Saphenous Vein
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Deslarzes-Dubuis Céline , Urfer Severine , Lambelet Martine , Déglise Sébastien , Allagnat Florent
Published: September 2023

The saphenous vein is the conduit of choice for bypass grafting. Unfortunately, the hemodynamic stress associated with the arterial environment of the bypass vein graft leads to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH), an excessive cellular growth and collagen deposition that results in restenosis and secondary graft occlusion. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a ubiquitous redox-modifying gasotransmitter that inhibits IH. H2S is produced via the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway by three enzymes: cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). However, the expression and regulation of these enzymes in the human vasculature remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of CSE, CBS and 3-MST in segments of native human saphenous vein and large arteries. Furthermore, we evaluated the regulation of these enzymes in vein segments cultured under static, venous (7 mmHg pressure) or arterial (100 mmHg pressure) pressure. CSE was expressed in the media, neointima and intima of the vessels and was negatively regulated by arterial shear stress. Adenoviral-mediated CSE overexpression or RNA interference-mediated CSE knock-down revealed that CSE inhibited primary human VSMC migration but not proliferation. We propose that high shear stress in arteriovenous bypass grafts inhibits CSE expression in both the media and endothelium, which may contribute to increased VSMC migration in the context of IH.
Acute Oxidative Stress Can Paradoxically Suppress Human NRF2 Protein Synthesis by Inhibiting Global Protein Translation
Authors: Pensabene Kaitlin M. , LaMorte Joseph , Allender Amanda E. , Wehr Janessa , Kaur Prabhjot , Savage Matthew , Eggler Aimee L.
Published: September 2023

The NRF2 transcription factor is a master regulator of the cellular oxidant/electrophile response and a drug target for the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases. A major mechanism of NRF2 activation is its escape from rapid degradation, and newly synthesized NRF2 induces cytoprotective protein expression through its cognate antioxidant response elements (AREs). However, oxidative stress can also inhibit global protein translation, thereby potentially inhibiting NRF2 protein accumulation. H2O2 has been shown to be a relatively weak inducer of NRF2 in comparison with electrophiles. In the current study, we evaluated whether levels of H2O2 that activate the NRF2/ARE pathway inhibit NRF2 protein synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes. A weak maximum induction was observed for H2O2 in comparison with electrophiles, both for NRF2 protein accumulation and ARE reporter activation (~10-fold compared to ≥100-fold activation). At similar H2O2 concentrations, both NRF2 protein synthesis and global protein synthesis were inhibited. The manganese porphyrin antioxidant MnTMPyP rescued both global protein synthesis and NRF2 protein synthesis from H2O2 inhibition and increased ARE reporter activation. Similar results were observed for the diphenol di-tert-butylhydroquinone (dtBHQ). In conclusion, induction of the NRF2/ARE pathway by H2O2 and dtBHQ-derived oxidative species can be limited by inhibition of NRF2 protein synthesis, likely by arrest of global protein synthesis.
Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm with Wavelet Decomposition for Lithium Battery Health Estimation in Deep Extreme Learning Machines
Authors: Wang Hairui , Luo Jie , Zhu Guifu , Li Ya
Published: September 2023

Lithium battery health state estimation can help optimize battery usage and management strategies. In response to the challenges faced by traditional battery management systems in accurately estimating the State of Health of lithium-ion batteries and addressing issues such as capacity recovery and noise interference, this paper proposes a method based on wavelet decomposition and an improved whale optimization algorithm optimized deep extreme learning machine for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries. Firstly, the lithium-ion battery capacity degradation sequence is extracted, and the wavelet decomposition method is used to decompose the battery capacity into global and local degradation trends. Next, the non-linear convergence factor and the whale optimization algorithm with adaptive weights are employed to optimize the deep extreme learning machine for predicting each trend component. Finally, the prediction results are effectively integrated to obtain the lithium-ion battery SOH. This experimental method is validated using NASA and CALCE datasets, and the results indicate that the root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error are both below 0.95%, with relative accuracy and absolute correlation coefficients exceeding 98%. This demonstrates the method’s excellent accuracy and robustness.
Transactive Demand–Response Framework for High Renewable Penetrated Multi-Energy Prosumer Aggregators in the Context of a Smart Grid
Authors: Lou Wei , Zhu Shenglong , Ding Jinjin , Zhu Taiyun , Wang Ming , Sun Licheng , Zhong Feili , Yang Xiaodong
Published: September 2023

Demand–response (DR) can provide the economic flexibility required to adapt a high proportion of renewable energy in the context of a smart grid. This paper proposes a transactive DR framework to enable the multi-time-scale proactive participation of demand-side flexible multi-energy resources. In this framework, the distribution system operator distributes the real-time DR request and the high renewable penetrated multi-energy prosumer aggregators provide the ancillary services based on their adjustable potential. To facilitate such multi-time-scale prosumer–operator interactions, a flexibility potential evaluation method is developed for the quantification and pricing of prosumer flexibility. The positive and negative flexibility potential of the demand-side prosumer aggregators are defined as deviations from the optimal pre-dispatch operation, which are further quantified using the aspects of flexible time and power. Based on the introduction of a flexibility pricing mechanism to identify the economically optimal ancillary service requirements, each prosumer aggregator performs an optimal real-time DR scheduling. Case studies over several DR schemes are performed to confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method on the economy and flexibility of the system.
Modelling Specific Energy Requirement for a Power-Operated Vertical Axis Rotor Type Intra-Row Weeding Tool Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kumar Satya Prakash , Tewari V. K. , Chandel Abhilash Kumar , Mehta C. R. , Pareek C. M. , Chethan C. R. , Nare Brajesh
Published: September 2023

Specific energy prediction is critically important to enhance field performance of agricultural implements. It enables optimal utilization of tractor power, reduced inefficiencies, and identification of comprehensive inputs for designing energy-efficient implements. In this study, A 3-5-1 artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to estimate specific energy requirement of a vertical axis rotor type intra-row weeding tool. The depth of operation in soil bed, soil cone index, and forward/implement speed ratio (u/v) were selected as the input variables. Soil bin investigations were conducted using the vertical axis rotor (RVA), interfaced with draft, torque, speed sensors, and data acquisition system to record dynamic forces employed during soil–tool interaction at ranges of different operating parameters. The depth of operation (DO) had the maximum influence on the specific energy requirement of the RVA, followed by the cone index (CI) and the u/v ratio. The developed ANN model was able to predict the specific energy requirements of RVA at high accuracies as indicated by high R2 (0.91), low RMSE (0.0197) and low MAE (0.0479). Findings highlight the potential of the ANN as an efficient technique for modeling soil–tool interactions under specific experimental conditions. Such estimations will eventually optimize and enhance the performance efficiency of agricultural implements in the field.
A Geometric Model for a Shield TBM Steering Simulator
Authors: Park Byungkwan , Choi Soon-Wook , Lee Chulho , Kang Tae-Ho , Do Seungchul , Lee Woon-Yong , Chang Soo-Ho
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to simulate curved excavation using a tunnel boring machine (TBM) steering system based on the proposed mathematical methodology applied in a TBM simulator. We introduce the concept and mechanism of the TBM steering system and describe the mathematical formulae used for simulating curved excavation. Curved excavation in the top- right direction was simulated using a Python program to verify the mathematical formulae. In addition, Python simulations were undertaken to determine the effects of horizontal and vertical articulation angles on pitching and yawing angles. Finally, the proposed mathematical formulae were applied in the TBM operation simulator, and tested based on the mechanism of the TBM steering system.
A Special Robot for Precise Grading and Metering of Mushrooms Based on Yolov5
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyang , Zhu Ke , Liu Pingzeng , Zhang Yan , Jiang Honghua
Published: September 2023

In order to accomplish accurate mushroom classification and measurement, it is necessary to optimize the existing classification algorithm and measurement devices, as well as to design a specific robot to improve classification accuracy and measurement efficiency. In order to achieve the above objectives, a research-level verification of mushroom grading using Yolov5 + OpenCV and a mushroom measuring system using a resistance strain gauge sensor was carried out. In the aspect of mushroom grading, a method based on the OpenCV visual library was used to identify the minimum quadrilateral outside the mushroom contour, allowing the size of the mushroom to be measured. The experiment’s results show that the method can assess target objects that are occluded with each other under different illumination conditions with 96% accuracy. In the measurement of mushrooms, the strain of the resistance is converted into an analog signal, and the weight of different grades of mushrooms is converted according to the linear relationship after processing by the detection circuit module. Through this method, the error range is successfully controlled within ±0.02 kg, which meets the requirements of accurate measurement of mushrooms. The results of field experiments show that the proposed accurate grading and measurement method of Lentinula edodes is effective and feasible, and provides technical support for the intelligent grading and measurement of Lentinula edodes in production units.
Effects of Extreme Precipitation on Runoff and Sediment Yield in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Ren Zongping , Ma Xiaoni , Wang Kaibo , Li Zhanbin
Published: September 2023

Understanding the link between extreme precipitation and changes in runoff and sediment yield is of great significance for regional flood disaster response and soil and water conservation decision-making. This study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme precipitation (characterized by 10 extreme precipitation indices recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) in the Toudaoguai–Longmen section of the middle Yellow River from 1960 to 2021 and quantified the effects of extreme precipitation on runoff and sediment yield based on the method of partial least squares regression (PLSR). The extreme precipitation index showed an obvious upward trend in the last 20 years, with the increases in the central and northern regions (upstream) being stronger than the increase in the southern region (downstream). However, the runoff and sediment yield decreased significantly due to the implementation of large-scale soil and water conservation measures on the Loess Plateau, with average rates of 94.7 million m3/a and 13.3 million t/a during 1960–2021, respectively. The change points of runoff and sediment yield change occurred in 1979. Compared with those in the period from 1960 to 1979, the reductions in runoff and sediment yield in the years 1980–2021 were 52.7% and 70.6%, respectively. Moreover, extreme precipitation contributed 35.3% and 6.2% to the reduction in runoff in the 1980–1999 and 2000–2021 periods, respectively, and contributed 84.3% and 40.0% to the reduction in sediment yield, respectively. It indicated that other factors (such as large-scale soil and water conservation construction) played main roles in the decrease in runoff and sediment yield in the study area in recent 20 years.
Biomechanical Effects of Different Sitting Postures and Physiologic Movements on the Lumbar Spine: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Cho Mingoo , Han Jun-Sang , Kang Sungwook , Ahn Chang-Hwan , Kim Dong-Hee , Kim Chul-Hyun , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Kim Ae-Ryoung , Hwang Jong-Moon
Published: September 2023

This study used the finite element method(FEM) to investigate how pressure on the lumbar spine changes during dynamic movements in different postures: standing, erect sitting on a chair, slumped sitting on a chair, and sitting on the floor. Three load modes (flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation) were applied to the FEM, simulating movements of the lumbar spine. Results showed no significant difference in pressure distribution on the annulus fiber and nucleus pulposus, representing intradiscal pressure, as well as on the cortical bone during movements between standing and erect sitting postures. However, both slumped sitting on a chair and sitting on the floor postures significantly increased pressure on the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cortical bone in all three movements when compared to standing or erect sitting on a chair. Notably, sitting on the floor resulted in even higher pressure on the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibers compared to slumped sitting on a chair. The decreased lumbar lordosis while sitting on the floor led to the highest increase in pressure on the annulus fiber and nucleus pulposus in the lumbar spine. In conclusion, maintaining an erect sitting position with increased lumbar lordosis during seated activities can effectively reduce intradiscal pressure and cortical bone stress associated with degenerative disc diseases and spinal deformities.
Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Human Organs and Tissues: Bioethical and Medico-Legal Implications Examined through a Scoping Review
Authors: Ricci Giovanna , Gibelli Filippo , Sirignano Ascanio
Published: September 2023

Three-dimensional bioprinting is a rapidly evolving technology that holds the promise of addressing the increasing demand for organs, tissues, and personalized medicine. By employing computer-aided design and manufacturing processes, 3D bioprinting allows for the precise deposition of living cells, biomaterials, and biochemicals to create functional human tissues and organs. The potential applications of this technology are vast, including drug testing and development, disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and ultimately, organ transplantation. However, as with any groundbreaking technology, 3D bioprinting presents several ethical, legal, and regulatory concerns that warrant careful consideration. As the technology progresses towards clinical applications, it is essential to address these challenges and establish appropriate frameworks to guide the responsible development of 3D bioprinting. This article, utilizing the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review model, is designed to scrutinize the bioethical implications, legal and regulatory challenges, and medico-legal issues that are intertwined with this rapidly evolving technology.
A Fast Calibration Method for Pneumotachograph with a 3L Syringe
Authors: Li Yueqi , Qiu Xin , Zhang Hao , Xu Lirui , Lu Saihu , Du Lidong , Chen Xianxiang , Fang Zhen
Published: September 2023

The pneumotachograph (PNT), a commonly used flowmeter in pulmonary function diagnostic equipment, is the required frequency calibration to maintain high accuracy. Aiming to simplify calibration steps, we developed a fast calibration system with a commercially available 3L syringe to provide a real output flow waveform. The acquisition of the real output flow waveform is based on the reliable measurement of in-cylinder pressure and the real-time detection of plunger speed. To improve the calibration accuracy, the tapping position for measuring in-cylinder pressure was optimized by CFD dynamic-mesh updating technique. The plunger speed was obtained by tracking the handle of the plunger with a smart terminal. Then, the real output flow was corrected using a compensation model equation. The calibration system was verified by the pulmonary waveform generator that the accuracy satisfied the requirements for respiratory flow measurement according to ATS standardization. The experimental results suggest that the developed method promises the fast calibration of PNT.
Exploiting Information in Event-Related Brain Potentials from Average Temporal Waveform, Time–Frequency Representation, and Phase Dynamics
Authors: Ouyang Guang , Zhou Changsong
Published: September 2023

Characterizing the brain’s dynamic pattern of response to an input in electroencephalography (EEG) is not a trivial task due to the entanglement of the complex spontaneous brain activity. In this context, the brain’s response can be defined as (1) the additional neural activity components generated after the input or (2) the changes in the ongoing spontaneous activities induced by the input. Moreover, the response can be manifested in multiple features. Three commonly studied examples of features are (1) transient temporal waveform, (2) time–frequency representation, and (3) phase dynamics. The most extensively used method of average event-related potentials (ERPs) captures the first one, while the latter two and other more complex features are attracting increasing attention. However, there has not been much work providing a systematic illustration and guidance for how to effectively exploit multifaceted features in neural cognitive research. Based on a visual oddball ERPs dataset with 200 participants, this work demonstrates how the information from the above-mentioned features are complementary to each other and how they can be integrated based on stereotypical neural-network-based machine learning approaches to better exploit neural dynamic information in basic and applied cognitive research.
Force-Controlled Biomechanical Simulation of Orthodontic Tooth Movement with Torque Archwires Using HOSEA (Hexapod for Orthodontic Simulation, Evaluation and Analysis)
Authors: Haas Ellen , Schmid Andreas , Stocker Thomas , Wichelhaus Andrea , Sabbagh Hisham
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the dynamic behavior of different torque archwires for fixed orthodontic treatment using an automated, force-controlled biomechanical simulation system. A novel biomechanical simulation system (HOSEA) was used to simulate dynamic tooth movements and measure torque expression of four different archwire groups: 0.017″ x 0.025″ torque segmented archwires (TSA) with 30° torque bending, 0.018″ x 0.025″ TSA with 45° torque bending, 0.017″ x 0.025″ stainless steel (SS) archwires with 30° torque bending and 0.018″ x 0.025″ SS with 30° torque bending (n = 10/group) used with 0.022″ self-ligating brackets. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.050). The 0.018″ x 0.025″ SS archwires produced the highest initial rotational torque moment (My) of −9.835 Nmm. The reduction in rotational moment per degree (My/Ry) was significantly lower for TSA compared to SS archwires (p < 0.001). TSA 0.018″ x 0.025″ was the only group in which all archwires induced a min. 10° rotation in the simulation. Collateral forces and moments, especially Fx, Fz and Mx, occurred during torque application. The measured forces and moments were within a suitable range for the application of palatal root torque to incisors for the 0.018″ x 0.025″ archwires. The 0.018″ x 0.025″ TSA reliably achieved at least 10° incisal rotation without reactivation.
Emprint Microwave Thermoablation System: Bridging Thermal Ablation Efficacy between Human Patients and Porcine Models through Mathematical Correlation
Authors: Cafarchio Andrea , Iasiello Marcello , Brunese Maria Chiara , Francica Giampiero , Rocca Aldo , Andreozzi Assunta
Published: September 2023

To investigate the in vivo ablation characteristics of a microwave ablation antenna in the livers of humans with tumors, a retrospective analysis of the ablation zones was conducted after applying Emprint microwave ablation systems for treatment. Percutaneous microwave ablations performed between January 2022 and September 2022 were included in this study. Subsequently, immediate post-ablation echography images were subjected to retrospective evaluation to state the long ablated diameter, short ablated diameter, and volume. The calculated ablation lengths and volume indices were then compared between in vivo and ex vivo results obtained from laboratory experiments conducted on porcine liver. The ex vivo data showed a good correlation between energy delivered and both increasing ablated dimensions (both p < 0.001) and volume (p < 0.001). The in vivo data showed a good correlation for dimensions (p = 0.037 and p = 0.019) and a worse correlation for volume (p = 0.142). When comparing ex vivo and in vivo data for higher energies, the ablated volumes grew much more rapidly in ex vivo cases compared to in vivo ones. Finally, a set of correlations to scale ex vivo results with in vivo ones is presented. This phenomenon was likely due to the absence of perfusion, which acts as a cooling system.
Iguratimod Ameliorates the Severity of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in Model Mice by Directly Inhibiting IL-6 Production and Th17 Cell Migration via Mitigation of Glial Inflammation
Authors: Nagata Satoshi , Yamasaki Ryo , Takase Ezgi Ozdemir , Iida Kotaro , Watanabe Mitsuru , Masaki Katsuhisa , Wijering Marion Heleen Cathérine , Yamaguchi Hiroo , Kira Jun-ichi , Isobe Noriko
Published: September 2023

We previously reported a novel secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) model, progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (pEAE), in oligodendroglia-specific Cx47-inducible conditional knockout (Cx47 icKO) mice. Based on our prior study showing the efficacy of iguratimod (IGU), an antirheumatic drug, for acute EAE treatment, we aimed to elucidate the effect of IGU on the SPMS animal model. We induced pEAE by immunizing Cx47 icKO mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55. IGU was orally administered from 17 to 50 days post-immunization. We also prepared a primary mixed glial cell culture and measured cytokine levels in the culture supernatant after stimulation with designated cytokines (IL-1α, C1q, TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide. A migration assay was performed to evaluate the effect of IGU on the migration ability of T cells toward mixed glial cell cultures. IGU treatment ameliorated the clinical signs of pEAE, decreased the demyelinated area, and attenuated glial inflammation on immunohistochemical analysis. Additionally, IGU decreased the intrathecal IL-6 level and infiltrating Th17 cells. The migration assay revealed reduced Th17 cell migration and IL-6 levels in the culture supernatant after IGU treatment. Collectively, IGU successfully mitigated the clinical signs of pEAE by suppressing Th17 migration through inhibition of IL-6 production by proinflammatory-activated glial cells.
Self-Assembly of Lipid Molecules under Shear Flows: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Zhang Huan , Pan Fan , Li Shiben
Published: September 2023

The self-assembly of lipid molecules in aqueous solution under shear flows was investigated using the dissipative particle dynamics simulation method. Three cases were considered: zero shear flow, weak shear flow and strong shear flow. Various self-assembled structures, such as double layers, perforated double layers, hierarchical discs, micelles, and vesicles, were observed. The self-assembly behavior was investigated in equilibrium by constructing phase diagrams based on chain lengths. Results showed the remarkable influence of chain length, shear flow and solution concentration on the self-assembly process. Furthermore, the self-assembly behavior of lipid molecules was analyzed using the system energy, particle number and shape factor during the dynamic processes, where the self-assembly pathways were observed and analyzed for the typical structures. The results enhance our understanding of biomacromolecule self-assembly in a solution and hold the potential for applications in biomedicine.