bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of perception difference between first- and third-person perspectives on local and global situation recognition in ship handling
Authors: Kato Yuki , Horiguchi Tomoya
Published: May 2022

Remote monitoring and control systems are being used with more frequency, but the characteristics of situational awareness and decision-making from remote locations are largely unknown. Remote operators’ sources of information differ from on-board sources greatly in terms of perspective, field of view, and available data type (qualitative or quantitative). This study focused on clarifying the cognitive effects of first- and third-person perspectives on ship handling. A working hypothesis was formulated based on the findings of visual information processing and previous studies and tested using a developed ship handling simulator. The results revealed that: (1) the cognitive characteristics of the first-person perspective make it more effective in safely guiding ship handling than does the third-person perspective, and (2) the deviation in cognitive characteristics is prominent where collision can be easily avoided. The findings will aid the development of on-board and remotely piloted vessels and ensure the safety of their crews.
Global value chains, development and the long duree of trade and investment law
Authors: Alessandrini Donatella
Published: May 2022

This article takes issue with the assumption the policy research literature, specifically that produced by the World Trade Organization (WTO), makes about the role of law as one which is mainly reactive to an exogenous economic reality, that of value chain trade. It argues instead that law has played a much more active role, shaping the so-called fragmentation and fractionalization of production that has led to the proliferation of Global Value Chains (GVCs). By tracing the evolution of post/colonial international economic law, the article shows how trade and investment provisions in particular have been (and still are) an important terrain over which the relationship between companies and states is articulated, with important consequences for all actors involved in GVCs. If this active role is acknowledged then law can be seen not only as contributing, together with other market-making mechanisms, to the making of those economic processes it is assumed to only respond, but also as a means through which these processes can be shaped otherwise.
Epigenetic modifications at DMRs of imprinting genes in sperm of type 2 diabetic men
Authors: Jazayeri Maryam , Eftekhari-Yazdi Poopak , Sadighi Gilani Mohammad Ali , Sharafi Mohsen , Shahverdi Abdolhossein
Published: May 2022

High rates of infertility in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) men have led to attempts to understand the mechanisms involved in this process. This condition can be investigated from at least two aspects, namely sperm quality indices and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetics science encompasses the phenomena that can lead to inherited changes independently of the genetics. This study has been performed to test the hypothesis of the relationship between T2DM and the epigenetic profile of the sperm, as well as sperm quality indices. This research included 42 individuals referred to the infertility clinic of Royan Institute, Iran in 2019–2021. The study subjects were assigned to three groups: normozoospermic non-diabetic (control), normozoospermic diabetic (DN) and non-normozoospermic diabetic (D.Non-N). Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using the sperm chromatin structure assay technique. The global methylation level was examined using 5-methyl cytosine antibody and the methylation status in differentially methylated regions ofH19,MEST, andSNRPNwas assessed using the methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting technique. The results showed that the sperm global methylation in spermatozoa of D.Non-N group was significantly reduced compared with the other two groups (P< 0.05). TheMESTandH19genes were hypomethylated in the spermatozoa of D.Non-N individuals, but the difference level was not significant forMEST. TheSNRPNgene was significantly hypermethylated in these individuals (P< 0.05). The results of this study suggest that T2DM alters the methylation profile and epigenetic programming in spermatozoa of humans and that these methylation changes may ultimately influence the fertility status of men with diabetes.
Difficulties in finding middle-skilled jobs under increased automation
Authors: Nakamura Hideki
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the labor market under increased automation of middle-skilled jobs wherein worker suitability for these jobs is considered. We examine two effects of increased automation on workers. The first effect is the possibility of replacement of middle-skilled workers by machines. The second effect is the diversity in job mismatch probabilities of workers. If machines perform a worker’s suitable jobs more (or less) than the worker’s unsuitable jobs, then the worker’s job mismatch probability rises (or declines). Because workers who have larger job mismatch probabilities remain job seekers, it is more difficult for a firm to find a suitable worker. Due to these two effects, underemployment rises.
The influence of item order of the Household Food Security Survey Module on the assessment of food insecurity in households with children
Authors: Maia Isabel , Severo Milton , Lopes Carla , Santos Ana Cristina
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Changes in the item order of the US Household Food Security Survey Module (USHFSSM) were performed throughout time. This study aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the general and specific factors of the 2000 and 2012 versions of the USHFSSM to measure the construct of food insecurity in two Portuguese samples of households with children.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Portugal.

Participants:

An adaptation of the 2000 version was applied to 839 adults (from households with children aged 7–17 years) from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016, while the 2012 version was used among 2855 families from the Generation XXI birth cohort.

Results:

The 2000 version showed to have a stronger ωh than the 2012 version (0·89 v. 0·78 for the general factor), as well as eigenvalues higher than 1 for the general factor (eigenvalues equal to 9·54, 0·97 and 0·80, for the general factor, specific factor 1 and specific factor 2, respectively), while the 2012 version had also the contribution of specific factors to explain food insecurity (eigenvalues equal to 9·40, 2·40 and 1·20, for general factor and specific factors 1 and 2, respectively). Good internal consistency (ωt = 0·99, for both versions) was obtained.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, the 2000 and 2012 versions of the USHFSSM showed good psychometric properties; however, the 2000 version has stronger general factor, while the 2012 version also has the contribution of specific factors.
Histopathological Impact of Bleomycin on Lung Injury and Development of Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in the Lymphoproliferative Mouse Model
Authors: Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Ichii Osamu , Mohamed Sherif Kh A , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the impact of bleomycin on the degree of lung injury and development of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) in the lymphoproliferative mouse model (MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr “Lpr”) and its control strain (MRL/MpJ “MpJ”). We analyzed immune cells, the degree of proliferation, lymphatic vessels (LVs), and high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lungs and MFALCs in Lpr and MpJ mice on the 7th and 21st days following intranasal instillation of either bleomycin (BLM group) or PBS (PBS group). The BLM group showed a significant increase in the size of MFALCs, lung injury score, and positive area ratios of LVs, HEVs, and immune cells (especially macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes) on both days 7 and 21. Interestingly, the lungs in the BLM group on day 21 showed higher collagen deposition and cellular infiltration in MpJ and Lpr, respectively. Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between the size of MFALCs and lung injury. In conclusion, BLM could exert lung fibrosis or lymphoproliferative infiltration in chronic stages in MpJ and Lpr, respectively, and this varied effect could be due to the variations in the degree of immune cell proliferation and the development of LVs and HEVs among the studied strains.
Wohlwollenfokussierte Therapie bei chronischer Depression
Authors: Stangier Ulrich , Arens Elisabeth A. , Frick Artjom
Published: May 2022

Das Manual integriert verschiedene Methoden zur Behandlung chronischer Depression unter einer prozessbasierten Perspektive. Zentraler Ansatzpunkt ist Wohlwollen als eine prosoziale Motivation, für sich selbst und anderen gegenüber Wohlbefinden und Glück anzustreben. Der Therapieansatz verbindet Metta-Meditation (Loving-Kindness-Meditation) und achtsamkeitsbasierte kognitive Therapie mit verhaltens- und schematherapeutischen Ansätzen. Ziel ist es, wohlwollende Einstellungen zu kultivieren und in alltägliches Handeln umzusetzen. Die Interventionen können im Einzel- und Gruppensetting durchgeführt werden.
Die Behandlung chronischer Depressionen stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Kognitive und interpersonell orientierte Therapieansätze zeigen für die meisten Patientinnen und Patienten zwar nachweislich gute Ergebnisse, die Wirksamkeit ist durch die Konzentration auf eine Reduzierung der depressiven Symptome und der zwischenmenschlichen Probleme jedoch häufig begrenzt. Die Fokussierung auf Wohlwollen als einer prosozialen Motivation erweitert die Behandlungsperspektive um ein ressourcenaktivierendes Prinzip, das in der westlichen Philosophie ebenso wie in der buddhistischen Psychologie eine zentrale Grundlage für psychische Gesundheit darstellt. Eine Reihe von Studien mit Metta-Meditation belegt, dass depressive Symptome wie negativer Affekt, Grübeln und Passivität deutlich reduziert werden – auch bei einem langjährigen chronischen Verlauf. Zudem fördert die Integration von Meditation in kognitive und interpersonelle Interventionen – mit dem gemeinsamen Fokus auf Wohlwollen – auch die Fähigkeit zur Emotionsregulation und Achtsamkeit, verbessert soziale Beziehungen und erhöht die Lebensqualität.
Das Manual liefert eine Beschreibung des Störungsbildes und stellt psychologische, philosophische und buddhistische Konzepte zu Wohlwollen vor. Spezifische Messinstrumente dienen dazu, Wohlwollen auf Einstellungs- und auf Verhaltensebene zu erfassen. Ausführlich werden achtsamkeits- und mettabasierte Meditationstechniken sowohl für das Einzel- als auch für das Gruppensetting vermittelt. Module zur strukturierten Reflexion und Psychoedukation helfen Patientinnen und Patienten dabei, sich mit Wohlwollen als einem grundlegenden Wert und Lebensmotiv auseinanderzusetzen. Prinzipien der Verhaltensaktivierung werden verwendet, um wohlwollendes Handeln im Alltag zu unterstützen. Verhaltensexperimente dienen dazu, Vorurteile gegenüber sich selbst und in Beziehungen zu anderen in Frage zu stellen und neue Erfahrungen zu sammeln. Biografisch entstandene Barrieren für Wohlwollen werden mithilfe von schematherapeutischen Interventionen angegangen. Die zahlreichen im Buch enthaltenen Arbeitsmaterialien sowie Audiodateien zur Metta-Meditation können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Measuring Italian Resilience
Authors: Lau Chloe , Chiesi Francesca , Li Catherine , Saklofske Donald H.
Published: May 2022

Abstract: The Essential Resilience Scale (ERS) measures global trait resilience and three factors of physical, emotional, and social resilience. This study developed an Italian adaptation of the ERS and recruited participants from Italy ( N = 500) to complete the measure along with criterion validity measures of broad personality traits and related psychological concepts. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated robust evidence for a well-fitting three-factor model of the ERS, with items strongly loading onto their respective latent factors. Utilizing Samejima’s graded response model, most item discrimination values were moderate-to-high, and category threshold parameters were well-distributed throughout the latent continuum. The ERS showed correlations in the expected directions with extraversion, emotionality, optimism, mastery, resilience, behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, stress, and well-being. Cultural invariance was supported (at the scale- and item-level) with multigroup CFA and differential item functioning (DIF) with a sample of Canadian English speakers ( N = 874). Findings evinced the internal consistency (i.e., total MacDonald’s ω), factorial validity (i.e., three-factor CFA), criterion validity (i.e., personality, temperament), and convergent validity (i.e., trait resilience and well-being) of the Italian ERS. Results suggest the Italian ERS can be applied for measuring resilience for future research studies in Italian-speaking populations.
Drag Force on Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hsien , Chen James
Published: May 2022

The drag force experienced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) plays an important role in determining the dynamics of CMEs. Numerous empirical studies have attempted to estimate the drag coefficient (cd) using the assumption that the observed deceleration of CMEs is primarily caused by drag alone. The observed CME motion, however, is determined by the net force—the sum of all the forces, and data contain no information to allow one to separately determine the individual forces. In the present work, we revisit the forces acting on CMEs using the erupting flux rope (EFR) model, making no assumptions on the magnitude of any force. Calculating the individual forces for four observed CME trajectories, it is shown that drag is generally not the dominant retarding force and that drag, magnetic tension, and pressure gradient can yield comparable deceleration. No force can be assumed negligible. It is further shown that the EFR equations can qualitatively replicate the observed deceleration with zero drag, contradicting the assertion that deceleration of CMEs necessarily implies the dominance of drag. A theoretical derivation of the drag coefficient cd for flux‐rope CMEs is given for a range of idealized flows including the so‐called “snow plow” effect. We show that cd ∼ 0–1 unless the snow‐plow effect is significant or the solar wind flows are specularly reflected, in which case cd ∼ 2–3. The values of cd predicted by the EFR model for the observed trajectories are cd ≃ 1.1–1.2 for three events and cd ≃ 0.4 for one.
Sediment Supply Effects in Hydrology‐Sediment Modeling of an Alpine Basin
Authors: Battista Giulia , Schlunegger Fritz , Burlando Paolo , Molnar Peter
Published: May 2022

In mountain river basins, sediment availability on hillslopes and in channels is key to predict the sediment response to hydrological forcing. However, quantification of sediment availability and its variability in time is challenging, because sediment supply is often strongly stochastic and dominated by mass wasting. In this paper, we introduce a variable landslide sediment supply as a function of topography, hydrology, and hillslope activity in the hydrology‐sediment model TOPKAPI‐ETH. We use the model to analyze the dynamics of sediment storage in a mesoscale pre‐Alpine basin. We simulate a range of transport‐ and supply‐limited conditions to quantify the variability of suspended sediment concentrations and load, and the seasonal dynamics of sediment storage. We show that supply limitation dampens the natural variability of the hydrological and sediment transport processes, and therefore reduces the scatter of the suspended sediment rating curve. By comparing the model results with observations, we demonstrate that alternation of low and high sediment availability favors sediment load variability at the outlet. The temporal dynamics of sediment storage depends on the hillslope activity, and the balance between sediment supply by landslides and evacuation by runoff. When the export flux is comparable or greater than the recharge flux, the storage shows seasonal fluctuations with a maximum in late winter or spring, and sediment starvation in summer. By representing the dynamics of both inputs and outputs of the sediment storage, the proposed model provides a physically based tool to isolate the effect of transport‐ and supply‐limited conditions in basin sediment response.
Earth Structure Across Many Scales
Authors: Kennett Brian
Published: May 2022

Over my research career I have worked on many aspects of Earth Structure on scales from the whole globe to the very local, this has provided insights into the nature of heterogeneity and the importance of features with small length scales (up to tens of kilometers) revealed with higher‐frequency seismic waves (>1 Hz). Progress in determining 3‐D structure depends on representing the dominant variation with depth and large‐scale structure as a starting point. Intermediate and fine scales of heterogeneity (less than 100 km), below the typical resolution of seismic tomography, play an important role in shaping the seismic wavefield. The larger scales of variation in seismic structure can be directly linked to geodynamics through the influence of temperature and composition. The smaller scales retain a memory of past processes that can link to geochemical studies.
Large Scale Evaluation of Relationships Between Hydrologic Signatures and Processes
Authors: McMillan Hilary K. , Gnann Sebastian J. , Araki Ryoko
Published: May 2022

Dominant processes in a watershed are those that most strongly control hydrologic function and response. Estimating dominant processes enables hydrologists to design physically realistic streamflow generation models, design management interventions, and understand how climate and landscape features control hydrologic function. A recent approach to estimating dominant processes is through their link to hydrologic signatures, which are metrics that characterize the streamflow timeseries. Previous authors have used results from experimental watersheds to link signature values to underlying processes, but these links have not been tested on large scales. This paper fills that gap by testing signatures in large sample data sets from the U.S., Great Britain, Australia, and Brazil, and in Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) watersheds. We found that most inter‐signature correlations are consistent with process interpretations, that is, signatures that are supposed to represent the same process are correlated, and most signature values are consistent with process knowledge in CZO watersheds. Some exceptions occurred, such as infiltration and saturation excess processes that were often misidentified by signatures. Signature distributions vary by country, emphasizing the importance of regional context in understanding signature‐process links and in classifying signature values as “high” or “low.” Not all signatures were easily transferable from single, small watersheds to large sample studies, showing that visual or process‐based assessment of signatures is important before large‐scale use. We provide a summary table with information on the reliability of each signature for process identification. Overall, our results provide a reference for future studies that seek to use signatures to identify hydrological processes.
Estimation of Resolution and Covariance of Ambient Seismic Source Distributions: Full Waveform Inversion and Matched Field Processing
Authors: Xu Zongbo , Mikesell T. Dylan
Published: May 2022

Both natural and anthropogenic seismic sources generate so‐called ambient seismic waves. One in turn can use ambient seismic waves to estimate these source distributions and study source characteristics, for instance the source mechanism. A commonly used estimation method is called matched field processing (MFP), and the MFP results are inherently smeared by the array geometry. Another approach to estimate ambient seismic sources is to apply full waveform inversion (FWI) to the crosscorrelations of ambient seismic wave recordings. Both methods have pros and cons, but the model resolution and uncertainty in these two methods are important for the interpretation. Unfortunately, this topic has attracted little attention in the past. We propose to estimate both the model resolution matrix and model covariance matrix of the inversion using singular value decomposition. We demonstrate our estimates using two examples, one of which is an actual field array geometry. We quantitatively compare the model resolution of the two methods and discuss the model null space. We demonstrate that FWI has superior resolution with enough independent data and should be used when computational resources permit.
Probabilistic Prediction of Dst Storms One‐Day‐Ahead Using Full‐Disk SoHO Images
Authors: Hu A. , Shneider C. , Tiwari A. , Camporeale E.
Published: May 2022

We present a new model for the probability that the disturbance storm time (Dst) index exceeds −100 nT, with a lead time between 1 and 3 days. Dst provides essential information about the strength of the ring current around the Earth caused by the protons and electrons from the solar wind, and it is routinely used as a proxy for geomagnetic storms. The model is developed using an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks that are trained using Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) images (Michelson Doppler Imager, Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph). The relationship between the SoHO images and the solar wind has been investigated by many researchers, but these studies have not explicitly considered using SoHO images to predict the Dst index. This work presents a novel methodology to train the individual models and to learn the optimal ensemble weights iteratively, by using a customized class‐balanced mean square error (CB‐MSE) loss function tied to a least‐squares based ensemble. The proposed model can predict the probability that Dst < −100 nT 24 hr ahead with a True Skill Statistic (TSS) of 0.62 and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.37. The weighted TSS and MCC is 0.68 and 0.47, respectively. An additional validation during non‐Earth‐directed CME periods is also conducted which yields a good TSS and MCC score.
Analytical Solution for Predicting Salt Precipitation During CO2 Injection Into Saline Aquifers in Presence of Capillary Pressure
Authors: Norouzi A. M. , Niasar V. , Gluyas J. G. , Babaei M.
Published: May 2022

Salt precipitation within pores of the reservoir is an important phenomenon occurring during CO2 injection into saline aquifers. The phenomenon results in permeability reduction and injectivity impairment. Salt precipitation mainly happens because of water vaporization inside the CO2‐saturated (dry‐out) region. For water‐wet systems, the capillary pressure acts toward the lower water saturation regions in the reservoir, thereby displacing a film of brine backward to the dry‐out region. This results in more precipitation. Overlooking this phenomenon, referred to as capillary‐driven backflow, results in over‐estimations of injectivity in the dried region. Here, we have developed an analytical solution based on fractional flow theory and shock waves for CO2‐brine systems considering the effect of capillary pressure. The validity of the solution is verified by comparing the outputs of our model with those of numerical results from a commercial numerical simulator for a hypothetical reservoir. An equation is derived to calculate the distance at which capillary pressure is most influential, and also the injectivity impairment at injection well due to salt precipitation was reasonably accurately estimated. The results emphasize that effects of capillary pressure should not be ignored.
Achieving low-power single-wavelength-pair nanoscopy with NIR-II continuous-wave laser for multi-chromatic probes
Authors: Guo Xin , Pu Rui , Zhu Zhimin , Qiao Shuqian , Liang Yusen , Huang Bingru , Liu Haichun , Labrador-Páez Lucía , Kostiv Uliana , Zhao Pu , Wu Qiusheng , Widengren Jerker , Zhan Qiuqiang
Published: May 2022

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a powerful diffraction-unlimited technique for fluorescence imaging. Despite its rapid evolution, STED fundamentally suffers from high-intensity light illumination, sophisticated probe-defined laser schemes, and limited photon budget of the probes. Here, we demonstrate a versatile strategy, stimulated-emission induced excitation depletion (STExD), to deplete the emission of multi-chromatic probes using a single pair of low-power, near-infrared (NIR), continuous-wave (CW) lasers with fixed wavelengths. With the effect of cascade amplified depletion in lanthanide upconversion systems, we achieve emission inhibition for a wide range of emitters (e.g., Nd3+, Yb3+, Er3+, Ho3+, Pr3+, Eu3+, Tm3+, Gd3+, and Tb3+) by manipulating their common sensitizer, i.e., Nd3+ ions, using a 1064-nm laser. With NaYF4:Nd nanoparticles, we demonstrate an ultrahigh depletion efficiency of 99.3 ± 0.3% for the 450 nm emission with a low saturation intensity of 23.8 ± 0.4 kW cm−2. We further demonstrate nanoscopic imaging with a series of multi-chromatic nanoprobes with a lateral resolution down to 34 nm, two-color STExD imaging, and subcellular imaging of the immunolabelled actin filaments. The strategy expounded here promotes single wavelength-pair nanoscopy for multi-chromatic probes and for multi-color imaging under low-intensity-level NIR-II CW laser depletion.
Versatile strategy for homogeneous drying patterns of dispersed particles
Authors: Rey Marcel , Walter Johannes , Harrer Johannes , Perez Carmen Morcillo , Chiera Salvatore , Nair Sharanya , Ickler Maret , Fuchs Alesa , Michaud Mark , Uttinger Maximilian J. , Schofield Andrew B. , Thijssen Job H. J. , Distaso Monica , Peukert Wolfgang , Vogel Nicolas
Published: May 2022

After spilling coffee, a tell-tale stain is left by the drying droplet. This universal phenomenon, known as the coffee ring effect, is observed independent of the dispersed material. However, for many technological processes such as coating techniques and ink-jet printing a uniform particle deposition is required and the coffee ring effect is a major drawback. Here, we present a simple and versatile strategy to achieve homogeneous drying patterns using surface-modified particle dispersions. High-molecular weight surface-active polymers that physisorb onto the particle surfaces provide enhanced steric stabilization and prevent accumulation and pinning at the droplet edge. In addition, in the absence of free polymer in the dispersion, the surface modification strongly enhances the particle adsorption to the air/liquid interface, where they experience a thermal Marangoni backflow towards the apex of the drop, leading to uniform particle deposition after drying. The method is independent of particle shape and applicable to a variety of commercial pigment particles and different dispersion media, demonstrating the practicality of this work for everyday processes.
Cell cycle gene regulation dynamics revealed by RNA velocity and deep-learning
Authors: Riba Andrea , Oravecz Attila , Durik Matej , Jiménez Sara , Alunni Violaine , Cerciat Marie , Jung Matthieu , Keime Céline , Keyes William M. , Molina Nacho
Published: May 2022

Despite the fact that the cell cycle is a fundamental process of life, a detailed quantitative understanding of gene regulation dynamics throughout the cell cycle is far from complete. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology gives access to these dynamics without externally perturbing the cell. Here, by generating scRNA-seq libraries in different cell systems, we observe cycling patterns in the unspliced-spliced RNA space of cell cycle-related genes. Since existing methods to analyze scRNA-seq are not efficient to measure cycling gene dynamics, we propose a deep learning approach (DeepCycle) to fit these patterns and build a high-resolution map of the entire cell cycle transcriptome. Characterizing the cell cycle in embryonic and somatic cells, we identify major waves of transcription during the G1 phase and systematically study the stages of the cell cycle. Our work will facilitate the study of the cell cycle in multiple cellular models and different biological contexts.
Carbene and photocatalyst-catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles to form ketones
Authors: Ren Shi-Chao , Yang Xing , Mondal Bivas , Mou Chengli , Tian Weiyi , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: May 2022

The carbene and photocatalyst co-catalyzed radical coupling of acyl electrophile and a radical precursor is emerging as attractive method for ketone synthesis. However, previous reports mainly limited to prefunctionalized radical precursors and two-component coupling. Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene and photocatalyst catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles is disclosed, in which the carboxylic acids are directly used as radical precursors. The acyl imidazoles could also be generated in situ by reaction of a carboxylic acid with CDI thus furnishing a formally decarboxylative coupling of two carboxylic acids. In addition, the reaction is successfully extended to three-component coupling by using alkene as a third coupling partner via a radical relay process. The mild conditions, operational simplicity, and use of carboxylic acids as the reacting partners make our method a powerful strategy for construction of complex ketones from readily available starting materials, and late-stage modification of natural products and medicines.
Nine-day continuous recording of EEG and 2-hour of high-density EEG under chronic sleep restriction in mice
Authors: Han Hio-Been , Kim Bowon , Kim Youngsoo , Jeong Yong , Choi Jee Hyun
Published: May 2022

This work provides an EEG dataset collected from nine mice during the sleep deprivation (SD) paradigm for the sleep science community. It includes 9-day of continuous recording of the frontal and parietal EEG, accelerometer, and 2-hour of high-density EEG (HD-EEG) under SD and SD-free conditions. Eighteen hours of SD were conducted on 5 consecutive days. The HD-EEG data were saved in the EEGLAB format and stored as the brain imaging data structure (BIDS). These datasets can be used to (i) compare mouse HD-EEG to human HD-EEG, (ii) track oscillatory activities of the sleep EEG (e.g., slow waves, spindles) across the cortical regions under different conditions of sleep pressure, and (iii) investigate the cortical traveling waves in the mouse brain. We also provided Python code for basic analyses of this dataset, including the detection of slow waves and sleep spindles. We hope that our dataset will reveal hidden activities during sleep and lead to a better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of sleep.
Machine learning and bioinformatics approaches for classification and clinical detection of bevacizumab responsive glioblastoma subtypes based on miRNA expression
Authors: Shi Jian
Published: May 2022

For the precise treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), we classified and detected bevacizumab (BVZ)-responsive subtypes of GBM and found their differential expression (DE) of miRNAs and mRNAs, clinical characteristics, and related functional pathways. Based on miR-21 and miR-10b expression z-scores, approximately 30% of GBM patients were classified as having the GBM BVZ-responsive subtype. For this subtype, GBM patients had a significantly shorter survival time than other GBM patients (p = 0.014), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) methylation was significantly lower than that in other GBM patients (p = 0.005). It also revealed 14 DE miRNAs and 7 DE mRNAs and revealed functional characteristics between GBM BVZ subgroups. After comparing several machine learning algorithms, the construction and cross-validation of the SVM classifier were performed. For clinical use, miR-197 was optimized and added to the miRNA panel for better classification. Afterwards, we validated the classifier with several GBM datasets and discovered some key related issues. According to this study, GBM BVZ subtypes can be classified and detected by a combination of SVM classifiers and miRNA panels in existing tissue GBM datasets. With certain modifications, the classifier may be used for the classification and detection of GBM BVZ subtypes for future clinical use.
Mitochondrial genome recombination in somatic hybrids of Solanum commersonii and S. tuberosum
Authors: Cho Kwang-Soo , Lee Hyun-Oh , Lee Sang-Choon , Park Hyun-Jin , Seo Jin-Hee , Cho Ji-Hong , Park Young-Eun , Choi Jang-Gyu , Yang Tae-Jin
Published: May 2022

Interspecific somatic hybridization has been performed in potato breeding experiments to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We analyzed the mitochondrial and plastid genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) for the cultivated potato (S. tuberosum, St), wild potato (S. commersonii, Sc), and their somatic hybrid (StSc). Complex genome components and structure, such as the hybrid form of 45S rDNA in StSc, unique plastome in Sc, and recombinant mitogenome were identified. However, the mitogenome exhibited dynamic multipartite structures in both species as well as in the somatic hybrid. In St, the mitogenome is 756,058 bp and is composed of five subgenomes ranging from 297,014 to 49,171 bp. In Sc, it is 552,103 bp long and is composed of two sub-genomes of 338,427 and 213,676 bp length. StSc has 447,645 bp long mitogenome with two subgenomes of length 398,439 and 49,206 bp. The mitogenome structure exhibited dynamic recombination mediated by tandem repeats; however, it contained highly conserved genes in the three species. Among the 35 protein-coding genes of the StSc mitogenome, 21 were identical for all the three species, and 12 and 2 were unique in Sc and St, respectively. The recombinant mitogenome might be derived from homologous recombination between both species during somatic hybrid development.
Automatic lung segmentation in chest X-ray images using improved U-Net
Authors: Liu Wufeng , Luo Jiaxin , Yang Yan , Wang Wenlian , Deng Junkui , Yu Liang
Published: May 2022

The automatic segmentation of the lung region for chest X-ray (CXR) can help doctors diagnose many lung diseases. However, extreme lung shape changes and fuzzy lung regions caused by serious lung diseases may incorrectly make the automatic lung segmentation model. We improved the U-Net network by using the pre-training Efficientnet-b4 as the encoder and the Residual block and the LeakyReLU activation function in the decoder. The network can extract Lung field features efficiently and avoid the gradient instability caused by the multiplication effect in gradient backpropagation. Compared with the traditional U-Net model, our method improves about 2.5% dice coefficient and 6% Jaccard Index for the two benchmark lung segmentation datasets. Our model improves about 5% dice coefficient and 9% Jaccard Index for the private lung segmentation datasets compared with the traditional U-Net model. Comparative experiments show that our method can improve the accuracy of lung segmentation of CXR images and it has a lower standard deviation and good robustness.
Geoinspired syntheses of materials and nanomaterials
Authors: Portehault David , Gómez-Recio Isabel , Baron Marzena A. , Musumeci Valentina , Aymonier Cyril , Rouchon Virgile , Le Godec Yann
Published: May 2022

State-of-the-art synthesis pathways towards novel inorganic materials and nanomaterials are presented in the light of their relationship with geosciences, showing how geological phenomena can inspire innovative synthesis methods and materials.
Ultralong recovery time in nanosecond electroporation systems enabled by orientational-disordering processes
Authors: Lee Denise , Naikar J Shamita , Chan Sophia S. Y. , Meivita Maria Prisca , Li Lunna , Tan Yaw Sing , Bajalovic Natasa , Loke Desmond K.
Published: May 2022

A few-volt nanosecond alternating-current stimulation method with an increased number of pulses exploiting orientational-disordering processes.
Designed synthesis of an sp2 carbon-conjugated fluorescent covalent organic framework for selective detection of Fe3+
Authors: You Jia , Kong Qianqian , Zhang Cuiling , Xian Yuezhong
Published: May 2022

A novel sp2c-COF was synthesized via the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, which exhibited excellent stability and strong fluorescence. And the sp2c-COF was further used for selective Fe3+ sensing.
A self-cleaning surface based on UV-activatable, AgCl micropumps for bacterial killing and removal
Authors: Liu Peng , Quan Kecheng , Liu Miaomiao , Wang Huaguang , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. , Zhang Zexin
Published: May 2022

AgCl microparticles immobilized on a surface release Ag+ions to kill attached bacteria and act as micropumps to remove dead bacteria from the surface.
Encoding latent SuFEx reactive meta-fluorosulfate tyrosine to expand covalent bonding of proteins
Authors: Klauser Paul C. , Berdan Viktoriya Y. , Cao Li , Wang Lei
Published: May 2022

mFSY was genetically encoded in E. coli and mammalian cells to access various protein sites for introducing covalent linkages via proximity-enabled SuFEx chemistry, converting affibody, nanobody, and Fab into covalent protein binders.
Polyurethane–gelatin methacryloyl hybrid ink for 3D printing of biocompatible and tough vascular networks
Authors: Huang Yiming , Zhao Hao , Wang Xinhuan , Liu Xin , Gao Zhiqiang , Bai Haotian , Lv Fengting , Gu Qi , Wang Shu
Published: May 2022

A photo-crosslinkable polyurethane–gelatin methacryloyl was tuned to accommodate elasticity, printability, and biocompatibility. Extrusion-printed 3D-constructs resembled the vascular networks for the proliferation of endothelial cells.
A metal-free four-component sulfonylation, Giese cyclization, selenylation cascade via insertion of sulfur dioxide
Authors: Nair Akshay M. , Halder Indranil , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: May 2022

A highly regio- and diastereoselective cascade cyclization of alkynyl tethered cyclohexadienones with aryldiazonium salts, DABSO and aryldiselenides to access functionalized dihydrochromenones was demonstrated.
Excited state deactivation mechanisms of protonated adenine: a theoretical study
Authors: Shahrokh Leila , Omidyan Reza , Azimi Gholamhassan
Published: May 2022

The deactivation mechanism supporting the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of protonated adenine (AH+) has been investigated based on the ab initio and ADC(2) dynamics simulation methods.
Structures, proton transfer and dissociation of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) revealed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Liu Jianbo , Chambreau Steven D. , Vaghjiani Ghanshyam L.
Published: May 2022

Structures and reactions of HAN species emerging in positive and negative electrosprays.
Characterizing the influence of wastewater composition and lignin content on anaerobic biodegradability
Authors: Labatut R. A. , Angenent L. T. , Scott N. R.
Published: May 2022

Constituent-specific biodegradable fractions obtained at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures were used to predict the biodegradable fraction of complex wastewater streams.
Visible-light-driven regioselective carbocarboxylation of 1,3-dienes with organic halides and CO2
Authors: Zhou Chunlin , Wang Xinchao , Yang Lei , Fu Lei , Li Gang
Published: May 2022

An unprecedented visible-light-driven regioselective carbocarboxylation of 1,3-dienes with CO2using aryl and alkyl halides under mild conditions is reported herein.
Strategic design of a 2,6-disubstituted pyridine-based probe having hard-soft centers: responsive divergence from one core
Authors: Mohan Das Krishna , Pal Adwitiya , Goswami Bappaditya , Adarsh Nayarassery N. , Thakur Arunabha
Published: May 2022

Different interactions towards Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions are obtained by two different groups of the same molecule, following the HSAB principle.
Photoinduced Fe-catalyzed bromination and iodination of unstrained cyclic alcohols
Authors: Wang Kaikai , Zeng Rong
Published: May 2022

A practical protocol for the synthesis of remote bromo- or iodoalkyl ketonesviaan Fe(iii)-catalysis is reported.
Visible-light-induced cross-coupling of aryl iodides with hydrazones via an EDA-complex
Authors: Pan Pan , Liu Shihan , Lan Yu , Zeng Huiying , Li Chao-Jun
Published: May 2022

Visible-light-induced catalyst-free cross-coupling of aryl iodides with hydrazones via single-electron-transfer was reported. The mechanistic investigations showed that the association of hydrazone anion with aryl iodides formed an EDA complex.
MXene supported transition metal nanoparticles accelerate sulfur reduction reaction kinetics
Authors: Hu Zewei , Liu Zhixiao , Huang Bin , Gao Yang , Song Fei , Younus Hussein A. , Wang Xiwen , Zhang Shiguo
Published: May 2022

MXene supported transition metal nanoparticle composites are designed as efficient catalysts for sluggish sulfur redox reactions, and the selection principles of metal toppings and support to realize complete SRR activity are revealed.
P-modified hollow carbon mesoporous nanospheres decorated with ultrafine OsP alloy nanoparticles for nonacidic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Min , Shi Keke , Duan Zhongyao , Zhang Mei , Xu You , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: May 2022

OsP/PHMCSs-600 exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the hydrogen evolution reaction under alkaline and neutral conditions.
Atomically miniaturized bi-phase IrOx/Ir catalysts loaded on N-doped carbon nanotubes for high-performance Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Rho Yeo-Jin , Kim Boran , Shin Kihyun , Henkelman Graeme , Ryu Won-Hee
Published: May 2022

Atomically minimized IrOx/Ir bi-phase catalysts loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes were employed as cathodes for high-performance and environmentally friendly Li–CO2 cells, enabling simultaneous energy storage and CO2 capture and storage.
Regioselectivity control of block copolymers for high-performance single-material organic solar cells
Authors: Li Siying , Li Bin , Yang Xue , Wei Huan , Wu Ziang , Li Yuxiang , Hu Yuanyuan , Woo Han Young , Yuan Jianyu
Published: May 2022

Narrow bandgap (NBG) block copolymers are promising materials to realize single-material organic solar cells (SMOSCs) that combine high performance with minimized fabrication procedures.
Long-lived excited states of platinum(ii)-porphyrins for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Bodedla Govardhana Babu , Dong Yu , Tang Geliang , Zhao Jianzhang , Zhang Fuxiang , Zhu Xunjin , Wong Wai-Yeung
Published: May 2022

Naphthalimide (NI) conjugated Pt(ii)-porphyrins show high performances in cocatalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) because of their long-lived excited states and strong light-harvesting capability.
Targeted therapy of atherosclerosis by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles loaded with losartan potassium via simultaneous lipid-scavenging and anti-inflammation
Authors: Sheng Jie , Zu Ziyue , Zhang Yugang , Zhu Haitao , Qi Jianchen , Zheng Tao , Tian Ying , Zhang Longjiang
Published: May 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a condition associated with dysfunctional lipid metabolism and an inflammatory immune microenvironment that remains the leading cause of severe cardiovascular events.
Reconfigurable self-powered imaging photodetectors by reassembling and disassembling ZnO/perovskite heterojunctions
Authors: Yan Jun , Li Yao , Gao Feng , Gong Weiqiang , Tian Yongzhi , Li Lin
Published: May 2022

A facile dry-transfer method is developed to construct reconfigurable self-powered photodetectors. Benefitting from the reconfigurability of these individual building blocks, they can be assembled into multifunctional pluggable photodetectors.
Investigating chromatin accessibility during development and differentiation by ATAC-sequencing to guide the identification of cis-regulatory elements
Authors: Louise Smith Emily , Mok Gi Fay , Münsterberg Andrea
Published: May 2022

Mapping accessible chromatin across time scales can give insights into its dynamic nature, for example during cellular differentiation and tissue or organism development. Analysis of such data can be utilised to identify functional cis-regulatory elements (CRE) and transcription factor binding sites and, when combined with transcriptomics, can reveal gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of expressed genes. Chromatin accessibility mapping is a powerful approach and can be performed using ATAC-sequencing (ATAC-seq), whereby Tn5 transposase inserts sequencing adaptors into genomic DNA to identify differentially accessible regions of chromatin in different cell populations. It requires low sample input and can be performed and analysed relatively quickly compared with other methods. The data generated from ATAC-seq, along with other genomic approaches, can help uncover chromatin packaging and potential cis-regulatory elements that may be responsible for gene expression. Here, we describe the ATAC-seq approach and give examples from mainly vertebrate embryonic development, where such datasets have identified the highly dynamic nature of chromatin, with differing landscapes between cellular precursors for different lineages.
Survey Results of Speech-Language Pathologists Working With Cognitive-Communication Disorders: Improving Practices for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Dementia From Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa M. , Saylor Anna K. , Cohen Matthew L.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise, there is a need for interventions that focus on risk reduction and early disease management. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can contribute to risk reduction efforts and deliver cognitive interventions; however, the nature and frequency of current clinical practice in those areas is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory survey of the cognitive-communication practices and needs of SLPs for adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage dementia from AD, to inform future research and clinical training efforts.

Method:

SLPs completed an online survey that assessed five areas of practice specific to cognitive-communication and MCI and early-stage dementia: (a) education and training, (b) MCI subtype knowledge and consideration, (c) goals and treatment practices, (d) assessment of everyday living skills, and (e) general clinical practices and needs.

Results:

One hundred fifty-seven SLPs completed the survey and represented a range of practice experience. Results revealed a discrepancy between the number of SLPs who provide services to adults with MCI or early-stage dementia and those who have received formal training to do so, suggesting a reliance on clinical practice experience. Participants primarily reported using interview and informal methods to assess daily activities and often described using compensatory-based treatments.

Conclusions:

These findings contribute to the limited knowledge about SLPs' cognitive-communication practices to help improve early-disease management for AD, a rapidly growing population in need of SLPs' services. More research is needed to support SLPs in being maximally effective when working with clients early in the AD continuum.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19787728