bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg Management Is Changing: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Nwakibu Uzoma , Schwarzman Garrett , Zimmermann Wes O. , Hutchinson Mark R.
Published: October 2020

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is one of the wide range of causes of exercise-related leg pain in athletes. It is defined as a transient increase in compartment pressures during activity, which causes pain, because of the inability of the fascial compartments to accommodate and is usually relieved by cessation of exercise. Exercise-induced leg pain in the athletic population is a common complaint, with reports of up to 15% of all runners arriving to initial evaluation with this presentation. Often, this lower-extremity exertional pain is grouped into the common term of “shin splints” by athletes, which is a nondiagnostic term that implies no specific pathology. It may, however, encompass much of the differential for CECS, including medial tibial stress syndrome, muscle strain, and stress fracture. Improving diagnostic techniques, as well as treatments, will continue to help athletes and patients with leg pain in the future.
Australian state influenza notifications and school holiday closures in 2019
Authors: Scott Anna Mae , Bakhit Mina , Clark Justin , Vermeulen Melanie , Jones Mark , Looke David , Del Mar Chris , Glasziou Paul
Published: October 2020

Background: The impact of school holidays on influenza rates has been sparsely documented in Australia. In 2019, the early winter influenza season coincided with mid-year school breaks, enabling us the unusual opportunity to examine how influenza incidence changed during school holiday closure dates.

Methods: The weekly influenza data from five Australian state and one territory health departments for the period of week 19 (mid-May) to week 39 (early October) 2019 were compared to each state’s public-school holiday closure dates. We used segmented regression to model the weekly counts and a negative binomial distribution to account for overdispersion due to autocorrelation. The models’ goodness-of-fit was assessed by plots of observed versus expected counts, plots of residuals versus predicted values, and Pearson’s Chi-square test. The main exposure was the July two-week school holiday period, using a lag of one week. The effect is estimated as a percent change in incidence level, and in slope.

Results: School holidays were associated with significant declines in influenza incidence in three states and one territory by between 41% and 65%. Two states did not show evidence of declines although one of those states had already passed its peak by the time of the school holidays. The models showed acceptable goodness-of-fit. The first decline during school holidays is seen in the school aged (5-19 years) population, with the declines in the adult and infant populations being smaller and following a week later.

Conclusions: Given the significant and rapid reductions in incidence, these results have important public health implications. Closure or extension of holiday periods could be an emergency option for state governments.
Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames
Authors: Vidgop Alexander Jonathan , Norton Nelly , Rosenberg Nechama , Haguel-Spitzberg Malka , Fouxon Itzhak
Published: October 2020

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the self-collected database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.
Maternal lipid levels in pregnant women without complications in developing risk of large for gestational age newborns: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Sutowo Putri Apriska Mega
Published: October 2020

Background: Circulating into foetal circulation across the placental barrier, abnormal maternal serum lipids predispose neonates to metabolic dysfunction and thereafter affect the steroid metabolism and functions of extra-embryonic foetal tissues.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed–MEDLINE and the Cochrane library between January 2010 and January 2020. The included studies were English case control studies that described original data on at least one raw lipid measurement during pregnancy in healthy women who delivered large for gestational age (LGA) newborns and in healthy women with non-LGA newborns. The data extracted from 12 studies were pooled, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) in lipid levels was calculated using random effects models. A meta-analysis was performed to identify sources of heterogeneity and to describe the significant value of the collected studies.

Results: Of 643 publications identified, a total of 12 met the inclusion criteria. Compared with women who had non-LGA newborns, those who had LGA newborns had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.54) and lower high density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = 0.08, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03), but not have significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were inconsistent between both groups.

Conclusions: High levels of TG and low levels of HDL-C could cause births of LGA newborns whereas maternal serum of TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C cannot be used as predictor of LGA.
Seroepidemiology of maternally-derived antibody against Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Mulago/Kawempe Hospitals Uganda - PROGRESS GBS
Authors: Kyohere Mary , Davies Hannah Georgia , Musoke Philippa , Nakimuli Annettee , Tusubira Valerie , Tasimwa Hannington Baluku , Nsimire Juliet Sendagala , Heath Paul , Cose Stephen , Baker Carol , Le Doare Kirsty , Sekikubo Musa
Published: October 2020

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major contributor to the high burden of neonatal and young infant infectious disease in resource- limited settings. As disease protection during the first six months of life is provided via placental transfer of maternal antibodies, a maternal GBS vaccine may provide an effective strategy to reduce infectious death and disability. An efficacy study may be difficult because of the large sample size required and alternative approaches such as serocorrelates of protection based on natural antibody concentration are being considered. Such studies would need to be undertaken in high burden settings such as Uganda. We therefore aim to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a GBS sero-epidemiology study in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort and nested case-control study, conducted across two-centres with two entry points. A) consecutive women and their infants at birth, with collection of maternal swab, cord and maternal blood, and follow up by telephone until the infant is 3 months old; B) any infant under 3 months of age, presenting with signs of sepsis to any of the paediatric units, with collection of blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid and nasopharyngeal swabs. Any infants identified as having GBS disease (defined as GBS isolated from a normally sterile site) will be recruited and followed up for two years to assess their neurodevelopment. A nested qualitative study will investigate stakeholder (pregnant women and their families, healthcare workers and community leaders) opinions of sampling for such a study and understanding and potential uptake of vaccines in pregnancy.

Discussion: The primary aim is to determine anti-GBS antibody concentration in infants with GBS disease compared to healthy controls. Secondary outcomes include stillbirth and all-cause infection and acceptance of sample methods and vaccination. The findings will inform scalability and sustainability of the programme in Uganda.
Mortality during and following hospital admission among school-aged children: a cohort study
Authors: Ngari Moses M , Obiero Christina , Mwangome Martha K , Nyaguara Amek , Mturi Neema , Murunga Sheila , Otiende Mark , Iversen Per Ole , Fegan Gregory W , Walson Judd L , Berkley James A
Published: October 2020

Background: Far less is known about the reasons for hospitalization or mortality during and after hospitalization among school-aged children than under-fives in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe common types of illness causing hospitalisation; inpatient mortality and post-discharge mortality among school-age children at Kilifi County Hospital (KCH), Kenya.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children 5−12 years old admitted at KCH, 2007 to 2016, and resident of the Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS). Children discharged alive were followed up for one year by quarterly census. Main outcomes were inpatient and one-year post-discharge mortality.

Results: We included 3,907 admissions among 3,196 children with a median age of 7 years 8 months (IQR 74−116 months). Severe anaemia (792, 20%), malaria (749, 19%), sickle cell disease (408, 10%), trauma (408, 10%), and severe pneumonia (340, 8.7%) were the commonest reasons for admission. Comorbidities included 623 (16%) with severe wasting, 386 (10%) with severe stunting, 90 (2.3%) with oedematous malnutrition and 194 (5.0%) with HIV infection. 132 (3.4%) children died during hospitalisation. Inpatient death was associated with signs of disease severity, age, bacteraemia, HIV infection and severe stunting. After discharge, 89/2,997 (3.0%) children died within one year during 2,853 child-years observed (31.2 deaths [95%CI, 25.3−38.4] per 1,000 child-years). 63/89 (71%) of post-discharge deaths occurred within three months and 45% of deaths occurred outside hospital. Post-discharge mortality was positively associated with weak pulse, tachypnoea, severe anaemia, HIV infection and severe wasting and negatively associated with malaria. 

Conclusions: Reasons for admissions are markedly different from those reported in under-fives. There was significant post-discharge mortality, suggesting hospitalisation is a marker of risk in this population. Our findings inform guideline development to include risk stratification, targeted post-discharge care and facilitate access to healthcare to improve survival in the early months post-discharge in school-aged children.
The End of the Express Road for Hybrid Vehicles: Can Governments’ Green Product Incentives Backfire?
Authors: He Cheng , Ozturk O. Cem , Gu Chris , Silva-Risso Jorge Mario
Published: October 2020

We empirically study the impact of the HOV-incentive launch and termination on green and non‐green product demand in the U.S. automobile industry.
Demand-Aware Career Path Recommendations: A Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Kokkodis Marios , Ipeirotis Panagiotis G.
Published: October 2020

A skill’s value depends on dynamic market conditions. To remain marketable, contractors need to keep reskilling themselves continuously. But choosing new skills to learn is an inherently hard task: Contractors have very little information about current and future market conditions, which often results in poor learning choices. Recommendation frameworks could reduce uncertainty in learning choices. However, conventional approaches would likely be inefficient; they would model previous (often poor) observed contractor learning behaviors to provide future career path recommendations while ignoring current market trends. This work proposes a framework that combines reinforcement learning, Bayesian inference, and gradient boosting to provide recommendations on how contractors should behave when choosing new skills to learn. Compared with standard recommender systems, this framework does not learn from previous (often poor) behaviors to make future recommendations. Instead, it relies on a Markov decision process to operate on a graph of feasible actions and dynamically recommend profitable career paths. The framework uses market information to identify current trends and project future wages. Based on this information, it recommends feasible, relevant actions that a contractor can take to learn new, in-demand skills. Evaluation of the framework on 1.73 million job applications from an online labor market shows that its implementation could increase (1) the marketplace’s revenue by up to 6%, (2) contractors’ wages by 22%, and (3) the diversity of new skill acquisitions by 47%. A comparison with alternative recommender systems highlights the limitations of approaches that make recommendations based on previously observed learning behaviors.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Learning from Technologically Successful Peers: The Convergence of Asian Laggards to the Technology Frontier
Authors: Miao Yuzhe , Salomon Robert M. , Song Jaeyong
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates whether firms from developing countries that lag the global technological frontier can learn from technologically successful peers as a means of closing the technological gap with leaders from developed countries. We define technologically successful peers as those that hail from similar home countries, operate in the same industry, and have achieved a certain degree of success in closing the gap with the global technological frontier. We argue that technologically successful peers represent an important reference group for lagging firms and, as such, offer opportunities for lagging firms from developing countries to hasten technological development. We find that lagging firms from developing countries that build upon the knowledge of technologically successful peers achieve higher rates of technological improvement. Moreover, learning from technologically proximal successful peers helps even further with technological improvement. However, there are limits to such learning, with diminishing marginal returns to lagging firms that over rely on successful peers.
A point-of-care app for chronic oedema management
Authors: Collett Mercita
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has led to considerable changes in how healthcare is delivered, as it has pushed people to think outside the box technologically. Mobile working is becoming more widespread, useful and valuable in this innovative period in the NHS. Point-of-care (POC) technology encompasses mobile devices and systems that support health professionals in their daily activities of patient care. It allows the user to safely assess and diagnose individuals at the point of care, providing actionable information to allow rapid clinical decision-making. POC technology also has the ability to support and educate patients with health needs, encouraging patients and their carers to assume greater more control of and responsibility over their health. Providing patients individual care plans to maintain their health will help realise the future of self-care. This article describe the development of a mobile app—Juzo Care—designed to enhance the management of chronic oedema and lymphoedema in mobile working settings.
Diagnosis of perineal trauma: getting it right first time
Authors: Roper Joanna C , Sultan Abdul H , Thakar Ranee
Published: October 2020

This narrative literature summarises the evidence to support the need for digital rectal examination after every vaginal delivery. The importance of a digital rectal examination, based on clinical sequalae and consequences of incorrect diagnosis of perineal trauma, is discussed. Digital rectal examination is recommended by many national guidelines as part of a postpartum evaluation of the perineum. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries and isolated rectal tears can be missed if a full examination is not performed. This can lead to serious consequences for women, including anal incontinence. Training is needed to ensure tears are correctly identified. This review provides the evidence base for including digital rectal examination during clinical assessment of the perineum following every vaginal delivery for all healthcare professionals involved in the care of women in the immediate postnatal period.
How far does duty of care extend?
Authors: Winter George F
Published: October 2020

George Winter discusses if healthcare workers should honour their duty of care to their patients during the pandemic, when doing so puts themselves and their families at risk
Neonatal Hemostasis Disorders: Bleeding and Thrombosis
Authors: Guaragni Brunetta , Motta Mario
Published: October 2020

Neonatal bleeding or thrombosis are serious problems and life threatening events. The diagnostic approach needs to consider the theory of the “developmental hemostasis” for interpreting blood tests. The causes, diagnosis and management of the main neonatal hemostatic abnormalities will be reviewed.
What do advocates want from policy research? Evidence from elite surveys
Authors: Haselswerdt Jake , Rigby Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Background:

Policy advocates play a key role linking the separate worlds of research and policymaking – often serving as research brokers who increase the use of research and promoting more informed decision making. Yet this group is often overlooked in studies of research utilisation.

Methods:

We undertook two surveys of state-level advocates in the United States in order to better understand the views of these ‘research brokers’ on the utility of research and the characteristics of research most needed in the policymaking process.

Findings:

The advocates we surveyed report that research plays an important, if limited, role in shaping the policy outcomes in their state. They value objective and unbiased research, as evidenced by the credibility of the source, and relevance to their state context. At the same time, advocates were not particularly interested in novel research on unfamiliar outcomes in other policy domains, instead preferring studies that stick to the familiar framing of the issue dominant in the policy community in which they work. Advocates use research findings primarily as justification for their policy positions.

Discussion and conclusion:

Perceived impartiality and objectivity are a major asset of academic researchers seeking to influence the policy process. Advocates value this credibility and other sources of information that they can use to justify their policy positions. At the same time, their preference for familiar rather than novel findings may limit the degree to which policy advocates can serve as intermediary for such results, hampering the ability of research to reframe policy debate.
Does youth matter? Long-term effects of youth characteristics on the diversity of partnership trajectories
Authors: Jung Jana
Published: October 2020

Previous research has mainly concentrated on the study of certain transitions and the influence of economic and socio-structural factors on partnership status. From a life course perspective, it remains unclear how factors anchored in youth are related to the diversity of partnership biographies. Arguing that individuals act and behave based on prior experiences and resources, I analyse how personal and social resources as well as socio-demographic characteristics influence the turbulence of longitudinal partnership trajectories.

Using a longitudinal dataset from the German LifE Study, I examine partnership histories from the ages 16 to 45. The results suggest that in addition to the influence of an individual’s socio-demographic placement (for example, religious commitment and regional living conditions), personal and social resources anchored in youth also have a long-term effect on the diversity of partnership trajectories. This article shows that women are influenced by their attitudes towards marriage and family, while men are influenced by their attitudes towards their careers.
How COVID-19 May Change the World of Services to People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Bradley Valerie J.
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 epidemic caused disruption and dislocation in the lives of people with disabilities, their families, and providers. What we have learned during this period regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the service system for people with disabilities should provide a roadmap for building a more robust and agile system going forward. Based on a canvas of leaders in our field, I propose a way of outlining a reimagined system.
The Sibling-in-Law: Understanding an Unknown Member of the Disability Community
Authors: Zemke Kirsten E. , Burke Meghan M. , Urbano Richard C. , Hodapp Robert M.
Published: October 2020

Little attention has focused on siblings-in-law, the spouses of siblings of people with disabilities. Using an online survey, 102 siblings-in-law provided information concerning themselves, their spouses, in-law family, and experiences. Overall experiences were rated as positive (51.0%), mixed (34.3%), or negative (14.7%). Compared to respondents with negative outcomes, respondents with positive and mixed outcomes felt being a sibling-in-law more positively impacted their marriage, relationship with in-laws, parenting, desire to advocate, and career. Before marriage, these two groups better understood sibling-in-law responsibilities and reported less worry about marrying into a family with a member with disabilities or having children with disabilities. In open-ended reflections, 1/3 of respondents discussed family dynamics; improving disability knowledge; future planning; and marriage considerations. Practice and research implications are discussed.
Deformation detection of a double-clamped beam according to ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Luo Zhihui , Cheng Wensheng , Zeng Shuguang , He Huiling
Published: October 2020

Metal beam strain detection may offer valuable insight into health monitoring for large-scale steel structures. This research presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first implementation of ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings for the deformation detection of a double-clamped beam because of their higher multiplexing and denser detection points compared to fiber Bragg gratings. The measured values are entirely consistent with those determined by strain gauges applied for reference and demonstrate that the strain of each sensing point increases linearly with the load at the middle of the beam. The errors of different loads at different load points between inversion maximum deflection and measured displacement are less than 9.59%.
Simple method to extend the range of ECO-BB for waters with high backscattering coefficient
Authors: Wong Joel , Chin Liew Soo , Wong Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

The ECO-BB (Sea Bird Scientific) is a popular instrument used by water optics researchers to measure the backscattering coefficient of waters in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths. The ECO-BB is calibrated by default for oceanic waters where the backscattering coefficient is typically low. In inland and coastal waters however, there is a tendency for the ECO-BB to reach saturation due to the high number of suspended particles. In the paper, a simple method is presented to extend the range of the ECO-BB instrument in such waters using a nephelometric turbidimeter. The method was first tested on powdered calcium carbonate in pure freshwater, followed by collected water samples from the Singapore Straits and the Lupar River in Sarawak. All three tests confirm the correlation between the ECO-BB and turbidimeter and show that the turbidimeter is a good proxy for backscattering coefficient measurements in turbid waters.
Uniqueness of stigmatic solutions
Authors: González-Acuña Rafael G. , Chaparro-Romo Héctor A. , Gutiérrez-Vega Julio C.
Published: October 2020

We compare two analytical methods for designing stigmatic lenses that are based on very different paradigms published recently [Appl. Opt. 57, 9341 (2018)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.57.009341; J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 37, 1155 (2020)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.392795]. In the process, we derive a third hybrid approach, which is the result of combining the two original methods. Given the same initial conditions, an accurate numerical analysis shows that the three methods yield the same results. This is clear evidence that the problem of designing a stigmatic lens for a known boundary condition has a unique solution independent of the formalism used.
Statistical properties of a partially coherent radially polarized vortex beam propagating in a uniaxial crystal
Authors: Guo Lina , Chen Yongzhu , Liu Xianlong , Zhang Minghui , Chen Yahong , Liu Lin , Cai Yangjian
Published: October 2020

Free-space propagation and experimental generation of a partially coherent radially polarized (PCRP) vortex beam were studied recently [Opt. Express 24, 13714 (2016)OPEXFF1094-408710.1364/OE.24.013714]. In this work, we explore the statistical properties of such a PCRP vortex beam propagating in a uniaxial crystal. We show that the anisotropy of the refractive index of the uniaxial crystal induces the asymmetrical distribution of the intensity, the degree and the state of polarization, as well as the degree of coherence of the beam during propagation. Further, by comparing the asymmetrical distribution of the statistical properties of the PRCP vortex beam with those of a PRCP beam without a vortex phase, we find that the asymmetrical features can be used for determining whether a PCRP beam carries the vortex phase. Further, we show that from the far-field distribution of the degree of coherence, we could quantify the topological charge and distinguish the handedness of the vortex phase. Our findings provide a novel approach for measuring the phase information of the partially coherent vortex beams.
Comparative analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering at 2  µm in various infrared glass-based optical fibers
Authors: Deroh M. , Beugnot J.-C. , Hammani K. , Finot C. , Fatome J. , Smektala F. , Maillotte H. , Sylvestre T. , Kibler B.
Published: October 2020

We provide experimental characterization of stimulated Brillouin scattering at 2-µm wavelength in step-index optical fibers made of various types of infrared materials. Our results show that the main characteristics of the Brillouin process such as the frequency shift, spectral linewidth, and gain can be widely tuned through the index-controlled guiding of both acoustic and optical waves as well as the intrinsic material properties of the fiber under test. More precisely, we found that depending on the used material the Brillouin frequency shift can be decreased by 30% in a common step-index fiber design, while its linewidth and gain efficiency can be increased by a factor 5 and 180, respectively, when compared with the standard silica fiber. Four families of fiber materials were analyzed near 2 µm as well as at 1.55 µm for comparison—namely, germanosilicate, zirconium fluoride, tellurium oxide, and sulfur-based chalcogenide. Our findings open the way for further fundamental investigations of stimulated Brillouin scattering and the development of practical applications in the 2-µm spectral range.
Remote-controlled quantum computing by quantum entanglement
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Liu Yong , Ding Jiangfang , Qiang Xiaogang , Liu Yingwen , Huang Anqi , Fu Xiang , Xu Ping , Deng Mingtang , Yang Xuejun , Wu Junjie
Published: October 2020

Quantum entanglement enables measurement on one party to affect the
other’s state. Based on this peculiar feature, we propose a model of
remote-controlled quantum computing and design an optical scheme to
realize this model for a single qubit. As an experimental
demonstration of this scheme, we further implement three Pauli
operators, Hardmard gate, phase gate, and

π

/

8

gate. The minimal fidelity obtained
by quantum process tomography reaches 82%. Besides, as a potential
application, our model contributes to secure remote quantum
information processing.
Data Storytelling als kritischer Erfolgsfaktor von Data Science
Authors: Neifer Thomas , Lawo Dennis , Bossauer Paul , Esau Margarita , Jerofejev Anna-Maria
Published: October 2020

Bedingt durch die fortlaufende Digitalisierung und den Big Data-Trend stehen immer mehr Daten zur Verfügung. Daraus resultieren viele Potenziale – gerade für Unternehmen. Die Fähigkeit zur Bewältigung und Auswertung dieser Daten schlägt sich in der Rolle des Data Scientist nieder, welcher aktuell einer der gefragtesten Berufe ist. Allerdings ist die Integration von Daten in Unternehmensstrategie und -kultur eine große Herausforderung. So müssen komplexe Daten und Analyseergebnisse auch nicht datenaffinen Stakeholdern kommuniziert werden. Hier kommt dem Data Storytelling eine entscheidende Rolle zu, denn um mit Daten eine Veränderung hervorrufen zu können, müssen vorerst Verständnis und Motivation für den Sachverhalt zielgruppenspezifisch geschaffen werden. Allerdings handelt es sich bei Data Storytelling noch um ein Nischenthema. Diese Arbeit leitet mithilfe einer systematischen Literaturanalyse die Erfolgsfaktoren von Data Storytelling für eine effektive und effiziente Kommunikation von Daten her, um Data Scientists in Forschung und Praxis bei der Kommunikation der Daten und Ergebnisse zu unterstützen.
The monetization of the street art world and the fossilization of urban public space
Authors: Bengtsen Peter
Published: October 2020

This article considers how the monetization of the street art world is affecting the ecosystem of expressions found in the street. It takes as a point of departure that a central quality of street art is its potential to turn public space into a site of exploration. What is meant by this, briefly, is that the presence of ephemeral street art can motivate people to explore their surroundings and perhaps question how public space is being used and how they want it to be used. This article argues that the ongoing monetization of the street art world may lead to the fossilization of urban public space – a situation where the otherwise constant flux of visual expressions in the street may come to a halt as the growing presence of sanctioned work, along with potential financial interests in placating facilitators of such work, means that fewer spaces are available for unsanctioned interventions. This fossilization of urban public space can negatively impact street-based art’s potential to influence how we think about our environs, as well as the possibilities for emerging artists to hone their skills in the street without curatorial restrictions.
Keeping it clean: Graffiti and the commodification of a moral panic
Authors: Hannerz Erik , Kimvall Jacob
Published: October 2020

Whereas subcultures such as punk, metal, skate, goth and emo have all been the target of moral panics in the past, the conditions that sparked these moral panics have since become banal and normalized, in line with Stanley Cohen’s claim that moral panics per definition tend to be short-lived. The moral panic about subcultural graffiti in Sweden, however, has proved remarkably consistent. Drawing from contemporary work on moral panics as extreme forms of more mundane moral regulations, this article deals with graffiti as mal placé in relation to both urban space and romanticized conceptions of youth resistance, rendering it not only a suitable enemy for moral entrepreneurs but also a reliable source of income for surveillance and graffiti-removal firms. Whereas the previous subcultural research has discussed moral panics as a first step of the commodification of the subcultural (), the authors use the example of graffiti in Stockholm to point to a commodification, not so much of subcultural style, but of the moral panic itself.
The City Beneath: A Century of Los Angeles Graffiti, Susan A. Phillips (2019)
Authors: Lennon John F.
Published: October 2020

Review of: The City Beneath: A Century of Los Angeles Graffiti, Susan A. Phillips (2019)

New Haven: Yale University Press, 320 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-30024-603-2, h/bk, $50
Vulnerabilidade ambiental em áreas de caatingas na unidade de conservação parna do Catimbau, Pernambuco, semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Garcia Ana Célia Saraiva de Moura , Andrade Luana Cardoso de , Cruz Adiel Felipe da Silva , Moura Albert Einstein Spíndola Saraiva de , Santos Patricio Rinaldo dos
Published: October 2020

O Parque Nacional do Catimbau é uma unidade de conservação integral muito importante na conservação da biodiversidade do bioma Caatinga. Estando situado na região semiárida de Pernambuco, na zona de transição entre o agreste e sertão, o parque comporta excessiva beleza de caatingas, monumentos esculpidos pela ação erosiva dos ventos em rocha arenítica e diversos sítios arqueológicos. Sabendo-se que o Parna do Catimbau constitui áreas de prioridade alta de conservação devido à susceptibilidade a desertificação, essa pesquisa teve como foco avaliar a vulnerabilidade das caatingas presentes nesta unidade de conservação. A metodologia utilizada contou com a aplicação do índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (IVAS), sensoriamento remoto termal e visita em campo que permitiu a análise da espacialização das imagens orbitais, dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8 nos anos de 1995, 2006 e 2016. Os resultados mostraram aumento térmico nas áreas de caatingas e impactos ambientais ocasionados pela antropização de suas áreas. A antropização das caatingas no interior do Parna do Catimbau fere a Lei 9.985/00, que institui o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) e define as atribuições de uma unidade de conservação de uso integral. Sendo necessário para essa UC o alinhamento de sua gestão com o SNUC e a implantação de espaços de aprendizagem para disseminação da educação ambiental à população dos municípios que a integram.
An Herbal Formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Guang , Feng Peimin , Wang Shaofeng , Ding Xiangping , Xiong Jiaying , Wu Jianhua , Wang Lihua , Chen Wei , Chen Guixia , Han Mei , Zou Ting , Li Lei , Du Hongbo
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of an herbal formulation of Jiawei Xiaoyao (JX) on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who had previously rejected standard therapies of proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, or Helicobacter pylori eradication.

METHODS:

A total of 144 adult men and women with FD according to the Rome III criteria were recruited at 9 sites in China from August 2017 to April 2019. Participants were randomized to receive either a JX pill or placebo (12 g/d, 6 g twice a day) for 4 weeks. The primary end point was the change in the total Gastrointestinal Symptom Score (GIS) from baseline to week 4. The secondary end points included the scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The safety outcomes included the results of the complete blood count, the liver function test, the renal function test, urinalysis, the fecal occult blood test, and an electrocardiogram.

RESULTS:

Data from 141 patients (JX pill, n = 70; placebo, n = 71) were statistically analyzed. The mean ± SD of the GIS for the JX pill group at baseline and 4 weeks was 9.3 ± 3.1 and 3.8 ± 3.0, respectively; the mean ± SD of the GIS for the placebo group at baseline and 4 weeks was 9.5 ± 3.4 and 5.3 ± 4.4, respectively (change from baseline to 4 weeks in the JX pill group vs change from baseline in the control group, −1.3 points; P = 0.013). The JX pill group showed greater improvement in both the Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores from baseline to 4 weeks than the placebo group, but the difference was not significant. The total number of adverse events was 30 in the JX pill group vs 20 in the placebo group (P = 0.240).

DISCUSSION:

The JX pill was superior to the placebo in terms of improving the GIS in patients with FD but did not significantly improve depression or anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that the JX pill may have a positive effect on the resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with FD who are seeking alternative therapies.
Disparities in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer in Relation to Disabilities
Authors: Kim Hyoung Woo , Shin Dong Wook , Yeob Kyoung Eun , Cho In Young , Kim So Young , Park Seon Mee , Park Jong Heon , Park Jong Hyock , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

We investigated potential disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients with and without disabilities.

METHODS:

We linked Korean National Disability Registry data with the Korean National Health Insurance database and Korean Central Cancer Registry data. This study included a total of 16,849 people with disabilities and 58,872 age- and sex-matched control subjects in whom GC had been diagnosed.

RESULTS:

When compared to GC patients without disabilities, patients with disabilities tended to be diagnosed at a later stage (localized stage 53.7% vs 59.0% or stage unknown 10.7% vs 6.9%), especially those with severe disabilities (P < 0.001). This was more evident in patients with mental impairment (localized stage 41.7% and stage unknown 15.2%). In addition, not receiving treatment was more common in patients with disabilities than those without disabilities (29.3% vs 27.2%, P < 0.001), and this disparity was more evident in those with severe disabilities (35.4%) and in those with communication (36.9%) and mental (32.3%) impairment. Patients with disabilities were at slightly higher risk of overall mortality as well as GC-specific mortality compared to people without disabilities (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.21 and aHR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–1.16, respectively), and these disparities were more pronounced in those with severe disabilities (aHR = 1.62 and 1.51, respectively).

DISCUSSION:

Patients with disabilities, especially severe disabilities, were diagnosed with GC at a later stage, received less staging evaluation and treatment, and their overall survival rate was slightly worse compared to those without disabilities.
Independent Validation of a Tissue Systems Pathology Assay to Predict Future Progression in Nondysplastic Barrett's Esophagus: A Spatial-Temporal Analysis
Authors: Frei Nicola F. , Konte Kadère , Bossart Emily A. , Stebbins Katelyn , Zhang Yi , Pouw Roos E. , Critchley-Thorne Rebecca J. , Bergman Jacques J.G.H.M.
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

An automated risk prediction assay has previously been shown to objectively identify patients with nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE) who are at increased risk of malignant progression. To evaluate the predictive performance of the assay in 76 patients with NDBE of which 38 progressed to high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma (progressors) and 38 did not (nonprogressors) and to determine whether assessment of additional (spatial) levels per endoscopy and/or multiple (temporal) time points improves assay performance.

METHODS:

In a blinded, nested case-control cohort, progressors and nonprogressors were matched (age, sex, and Barrett's esophagus length). All random biopsy levels from the baseline endoscopy (spatial samples) and all available previous endoscopies back to 10 years before progression (temporal samples) were assayed. Because the 1:1 ratio of progressors to nonprogressors does not reflect the real-world Barrett's population, negative and positive predictive values were adjusted for prevalence.

RESULTS:

Seventy-six patients (58 men), mean age of 63 ± 9 years, were studied. A high-risk score was associated with a prevalence-adjusted annual progression rate of 6.9%. The assay identified 31% of progressors when assessing a single biopsy level from the baseline endoscopy. Sensitivity increased to 50% and 69% in spatial and temporal analyses, respectively, while specificity remained at 95%.

DISCUSSION:

The assay identified a significant subset of NDBE patients who progress at a rate comparable with published estimates for expert-confirmed low-grade dysplasia. Assessing additional spatial and temporal biopsies increased the predictive accuracy, allowing for identification of most future progressors. Additional studies will evaluate the predictive performance of the assay in low-prevalence settings.
Titulação nos tratamentos com aparelhos intraorais para SAOS
Authors: Faber Jorge
Published: October 2020

O tratamento com aparelhos intraorais (AIOs) não se restringe à instalação do aparelho. O adequado tratamento envolve uma fase ativa, durante a qual se estabelece uma posição cada vez mais anteriorizada da mandíbula. Esse processo é denominado titulação e pode compreender de semanas a meses, dependendo da severidade do caso, de eventuais dores como efeito colateral do tratamento, e da adesão do paciente. Dois pontos devem ser considerados durante a fase inicial de titulação do aparelho: um é como o paciente irá iniciar o uso do aparelho, também chamado de adaptação inicial; outro é a magnitude de avanço mandibular que deve ser aplicada ao aparelho na sua confecção, denominado de avanço inicial. A experiência do autor mostra que os pacientes têm mais facilidade para realizar a adaptação inicial se forem instruídos a introduzir o uso do AIO de forma gradual, aumentando progressivamente a amplitude de movimento das articulações temporomandibulares. O avanço inicial é determinado no dia em que se realiza o registro da mordida em protrusão e não deve ultrapassar de 40 a 50% do avanço máximo. A partir do momento que o paciente inicia o uso do aparelho por toda a noite, avanços incrementais devem ser instituídos até se atingir a posição candidata à posição ideal. A adequada titulação do aparelho intraoral para trata- mento da SAOS é fundamental para se obter o melhor equilíbrio entre adesão do paciente e magnitude de avanço mandibular, que, por sua vez, tem correlação direta com a efetividade da terapia.
Preservice mathematics teachers’ competencies in the process of transformation between representations for the concept of limit: A qualitative study
Authors: Kuzu Okan
Published: October 2020

In this study, external representations and the problems encountered related transformation process between representations towards limit concept were investigated. "Limit Representation Conversion Test" was administered to 41 preservice mathematics teachers studying at a state university in central Turkey during 2018–2019 academic years. In this study, which was designed with the case study model, which is one of the qualitative research models, the data were analyzed by content analysis. Unstructured interviews were made with preservice mathematics teachers whose explanations were insufficient or differed and the problems encountered were determined. It was observed that preservice mathematics teachers had most difficulties in the verbal representation type questions. It was revealed that preservice mathematics teachers who gave the wrong answers mostly had deficiencies in the concept and the process and could not fully understand the limit problems. It was determined that preservice mathematics teachers had difficulties in knowing the concept of limit point, determining the function and interpreting verbal data. It was seen that preservice mathematics teachers who proceeded towards the concept and process answered wrong due to mathematical operations errors and carelessness. When the wrong answers were examined, it was observed that errors were gathered under the themes "lack of content knowledge" and "lack of reading comprehension" for verbal type input; under the theme "carelessness" for graphical type input; under the theme "lack of content knowledge" for algebraic and numerical type input.
Endovascular Treatment of a Life-threatening Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury in Polytraumatized Patients – A Single Center Experience
Authors: Janák David , Novotný Karel , Fiala Radovan , Pádr Radek , Roček Miloslav , Rohn Vilém
Published: October 2020

A retrospective analysis of our group of patients, efficacy, safety and the results of endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aorta by using stentgraft implantation in polytraumatized patients. In the period between 6/2006 and 2/2020, in the processing of data, we analysed retrospectively patients with polytrauma diagnosed with thoracic aortic rupture or transection (TAT) and treated with multiple injuries. Clinical characteristics, complications, pathological features, and hospital follow-up data were retrieved from our group. In our group of 28 polytraumatized patients referred to our Trauma Centre with current TAT, all 28 patients with such a thoracic aortic injury were treated by using thoracic stentgraft implantation. In our group of patients, the average Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 22 for women (min 19, max 27) and 26 for men (min 17, max 41), respectively. We reached 100% technical implantation success rate with our patients. In our group, we had 30-day mortality of 10.7% (3 patients) and the in‐hospital mortality was 17.8% (5 patients). Surviving patients had calculated ISS score of 25 (min 17, max 41); dead patients had an ISS score of 28 (min 19, max 34) – p≤0.05. Endovascular treatment of TAT, as a minimally invasive and effective procedure with rapid bleeding control, may increase survival chances for severely compromised polytraumatized patients in the context of multiple-organ damage and the need for a major cardio-vascular surgery.