bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dose-response association of sleep duration with anxiety symptoms in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shang Wenlu , Li Yan , Sun Yanli , Pan Ruiping , Dang Yuqi , Wen Jing , Wang Liqun
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Anxiety is a disorder with a high prevalence in T2DM, and some studies have found that sleep problems can cause anxiety. Therefore, this study explored the independent effects of night sleep duration on anxiety symptoms in T2DM patients.

Research Design and Methods

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using self-reported questionnaires and taking into account several socio-demographic, lifestyle and health related characteristics. The 1,611 participants enrolled in our study. Anxiety was assessed by the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). A multivariate logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline with anxiety symptoms as the dependent variable were fitted.

Results

Of the T2DM patients in this study, 891 (55.31%) were male, 720 (44.69%) were female and 207 (12.85%) had anxiety symptoms. Controlling for potential confounders and intermediates, sleep duration >8 h relative to intermediate sleep (7–8 h) was significantly associated with anxiety syndrome (OR: 1.46, 95% CI [1.06–2.02], p = 0.02) and a J-shaped association was found between sleep duration and anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was higher in the male group (>8 h/night) compared to the female. Study participants under the age of 50 who had a shorter sleep duration had a higher prevalence of anxiety compared to those between the ages of 50 and 60.

Conclusion

Among Chinese T2DM patients, there is a dose-response relationship between night sleep duration and anxiety, these findings may propose important public health implications for diabetes management.
Clinicoradiological Profile of Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mani OK , Shajna CA , Mathai Elizabeth , Rajendran Parvathi , Muraly CP , George Thomas
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that causes severe mortality and morbidity worldwide, including India. Endobronchial Tuberculosis (EBTB) is an uncommon form of TB, which is often underdiagnosed due to the difficulty in diagnosis. This form of TB often has a poor prognosis and long-lasting sequelae. Aim: To study the proportion of EBTB in clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB and to study the clinicoradiological and bronchoscopic profile of EBTB. Materials and Methods: This study was a hospital-based recordbased cross-sectional study that included patients with sputum smear negative for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) not detected on Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT), who were clinically diagnosed with TB. Bronchoscopy was performed on such patients, and samples were sent for investigations, including histopathology and NAAT. Demographic characteristics, bronchoscopy and radiology findings , and microbiology results were documented. Quantitative variables were summarised as means, and categorical variables were presented as percentages. Results: A total of 198 underwent bronchoscopy, of which 20 (10%) were diagnosed with EBTB. The mean age was 22 years, and 65% were females. The most common clinical feature in these patients was fever, the most common radiological presentation was lobar collapse, and the most common bronchoscopy feature was a tumorous lesion. NAAT detected M. tuberculosis in the bronchial wash in 50% of patients diagnosed with EBTB. A total of 45% of patients had TB which was diagnosed on histopathology. Conclusion: EBTB was diagnosed in 10% of smear-negative, NAAT-negative cases. The use of NAAT on bronchoscopy wash samples resulted in a high yield in diagnosis.
Ergonomic Evaluation of Static, Revolving, and Wooden Chairs using Cornell’s Seating Evaluation v21 in Professionals with Prolonged Sitting: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arora Shrushti Naresh , Khatri Subhash
Published: February 2024

Introduction: In contemporary workplaces, individuals using sedentary workstations often remain seated for approximately two-thirds of their workday, with extended periods of sitting lasting at least 30 minutes uninterrupted. The widespread use of various types of chairs in professional settings and their significant impact on individual well-being necessitate this ergonomic study. Given that professionals spend a considerable portion of their day seated, it is imperative to understand the ergonomic characteristics of different chair types to promote a comfortable and supportive work environment. This study focuses on evaluating static, revolving, and wooden chairs to identify their strengths and weaknesses. Aim: To compare the ergonomic features of static, revolving, and wooden chairs among in professionals with prolonged sitting using Cornell’s Ergonomic Scale. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among professionals at a corporate company in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, from July 2021 to September 2022. Participants, regardless of gender, who had been using a laptop or desktop for at least four hours a day for a year were included. The study assessed three types of chairs: static, revolving, and wooden. The survey consisted of two sections: demographic and job-related information, and the Cornell Ergonomic Seating Evaluation v21 scale, which measured chair adjustment, seating comfort, ease of use, body support, and an overall ergonomic score. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0, employing one-way ANOVA. Result: A total of 217 participants were surveyed, including 182 males and 35 females. The overall Ergonomic Discomfort Score (EDS%) was 32.49±2.71% for static chairs, 66.3±3.56% for revolving chairs, and 25.26±3.27% for wooden chairs (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The application of practical ergonomic principles with tools such as the Cornell scale can effectively minimise employee discomfort and enhance both work capacity and job satisfaction.
Efficiency of Technical Assistance on Psychological Well-being and Work-life Balance: A Secondary Exploratory Qualitative Research
Authors: Rajput Aarushi , Pandey Neelam , Ruhela Sonakshi
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The effects of technical support on psychological health and work-life balance have long been a source of discussion. By examining and reviewing the research on technology and its effects on these factors in four major domains-education, organisation, health, and gerontology-this study seeks to investigate this problem. Aim: To understand the impact of technical assistance on psychological well-being and work-life balance. Materials and Methods: The data were collected online by reviewing relevant research papers from the past 22 years, from April 2000 to August 2022, at the Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. The process of data collection began in June 2023 and took two months (until August 2023) to review, refine, analyse, and form conclusions based on the obtained results. Qualitative exploratory research was carried out by reviewing publications about technology and its effects on the specified variables in four major domains-education, organisation, health, and gerontology. To explain the patterns of connections between the variables, the research utilised content analysis. Results: Themes were generated based on the content that was obtained from the extensive review of the articles in each sector. Four themes in each sector were obtained. In the Educational Sector, “Addictive Behaviour”, “Enhancing Support”, “Learning Outcome”, and “Supervisor Support” were obtained; In the Organisational Sector, “Social Capital”, “Social Media Fatigue”, “Schedule Flexibility”, “Remote Working” were obtained; In the Health Sector, “Interventions for Improvement”, “Digital Depression”, “Injury and Health Support”, and “Digital Divide” were obtained; and in the Gerontology Sector, “Technological Readiness and social exclusion”, “Technical Knowledge”, “Social Interaction and Communication”, and “Enhancing Independence” were obtained, accounting for both dimensions, namely psychological well-being and work-life balance. Conclusion: The study’s conclusions imply that rapid technological advancements have both beneficial and detrimental effects on several facets of human functioning. It can also be said that attempts to apply the newest technology to solve human problems efficiently and effectively can lead to the best possible use of technology. The optimal use of technology can help mitigate the negative impacts and maximise the positive impacts.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Benzyl Adenine (BA) on Vegetative Growth and Flower Induction in Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras)
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Dogra Sheetal , Pandey R. K. , Sinha B. K. , Singh Arvinder , Laishram Nomita
Published: February 2024

The present study was carried out during 2021 -2022 at the experimental farm of Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu and Kashmir. The trial was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications and twenty-one treatment combinations. The treatment comprised of three gladiolus varieties viz., American Beauty, White Prosperity and Red Beauty and two growth regulators with their three levels of each viz., BA (50, 75 and 100 ppm) and GA3 (100, 150 and 200 ppm), and compared with control. The influence of foliar application of plant growth regulator on vegetative growth and flower induction of three gladiolus varieties namely American Beauty, White Prosperity and Red Beauty. Growth regulators, viz., gibberellic acid (100, 150 and 200 ppm) and benzyl adenine (50, 75 and 100 ppm) were sprayed at 3 leaves and 6 leaves stage after planting of corms. The results revealed that foliar application of GA3 @ 200ppm on cv. ‘White Prosperity’ recorded maximum plant height (134.27 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.53), leaf area (74.41 cm2), minimum days to 50% spike emergence (95.00) and 50% basal floret showing colour (107.00 days). It can be concluded from the present investigation that gladiolus variety ‘White Prosperity’ performed better than other varieties in respect of all the vegetative and flowering parameters. Among interactions, foliar application of GA3 @200 ppm concentration significantly increased vegetative parameters and induced early flowering in variety White Prosperity.
Peptide‐Based Nanotubes and Their Applications in Bionanotechnology
Authors: Gao X. , Matsui H.
Published: August 2005

In nature, biological nanomaterials are synthesized under ambient conditions in a natural microscopic‐sized laboratory, such as a cell. Biological molecules, such as peptides and proteins, undergo self‐assembly processes in vivo and in vitro, and these monomers are assembled into various nanometer‐scale structures at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The self‐assembled peptide nanostructures can be further organized to form nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoparticles via their molecular‐recognition functions. The application of molecular self‐assemblies of synthetic peptides as nanometer‐scale building blocks in devices is robust, practical, and affordable due to their advantages of reproducibility, large‐scale production ability, monodispersity, and simpler experimental methods. It is also beneficial that smart functionalities can be added at desired positions in peptide nanotubes through well‐established chemical and peptide syntheses. These features of peptide‐based nanotubes are the driving force for investigating and developing peptide nanotube assemblies for biological and non‐biological applications.
Enhanced Hole Mobility in Poly‐ (2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexoxy)‐1,4‐ phenylenevinylene) by Elimination of Nanometer‐Sized Domains (Adv. Mater. 2005, 15, 1835)
Authors: Inigo A. R. , Chang C. C. , Fann W. , White J. D. , Huang Y.‐S. , Jeng U.‐S. , Sheu H. S. , Peng K.‐Y. , Chen S.‐A.
Published: August 2005

To view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200500331.
Layer‐by‐Layer J‐Aggregate Thin Films with a Peak Absorption Constant of 106 cm–1 (Adv. Mater. 2005, 15, 1881)
Authors: Bradley M. S. , Tischler J. R. , Bulović V.
Published: August 2005

To view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200500233.
Inside Front Cover: Fabrication of Ideally Ordered Nanoporous Alumina Films and Integrated Alumina Nanotubule Arrays by High‐Field Anodization (Adv. Mater. 17/2005)
Authors: Chu S.‐Z. , Wada K. , Inoue S. , Isogai M. , Yasumori A.
Published: August 2005

A simple, low‐cost approach to fabricating large‐area highly ordered nanoporous alumina films in sulfuric acid solutions through a single‐step high‐field anodization, without the assistance of any additional process, is reported on p. 2115 by Chu and co‐workers. The critical high anodizing potential in the adopted electrolyte system increases with the ageing of solutions after a long period of anodization. Correspondingly, the applicable current density for stable anodization rises significantly, thus leading to high‐speed film growth. Uniform porous anodic alumina films in sulfuric acid solutions under a high electric field of 40–70  V and 1600–2000  A m–2 are achieved.
Measurement of flow field in biofilm reactors by 3‐D magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nott Kevin P. , Heese Frank P. , Hall Laurance D. , Macaskie Lynne E. , Paterson‐Beedle Marion
Published: August 2005

3‐D Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the flow field of water in a packed‐bed column containing Serratia sp. biofilm supported on polyurethane foam, and subsequently to follow a reaction which precipitates lanthanum phosphate on the biofilm. Sensitizing the MR image contrast to the fluid flow along the axis of the bioreactor provided better image‐contrast between the foam and fluid compared to that based on MR signal intensity alone. After reaction, that same “velocity contrast” effectively defined the difference between blocked and unblocked regions by distinguishing between regions of flow and no flow. Data acquired during progressive blockage of reactors challenged at two different flow rates accord with reactor theory; thus, the faster flow rate replenished the reactants uniformly, whereas at the slower flow rate the reactants were concentration limited. MRI velocimetry was used to generate data that can be used to model reactors where the efficiency is progressively compromised by blockage due to precipitation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Dimensional analysis for planetary mixer: Modified power and Reynolds numbers
Authors: Delaplace G. , Guérin R. , Leuliet J. C.
Published: August 2005

Mixing times, power consumption, heat transfer, and scale‐up predictions in an agitated vessel require the use of correlations between dimensionless groups such as Prandtl, Nusselt, Power, and Reynolds numbers. These dimensionless numbers are now well established for an agitated vessel equipped with a vertically and centrally mounted impeller in the tank for both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. To our knowledge, there is more ambiguity as to the definition of the characteristic speed and dimensions, which should be taken into account in the dimensional analysis of planetary mixers. The aim of this paper is twofold: (1) to propose modified Reynolds and Power numbers for planetary mixers and (2) to ascertain the reliability of the modified dimensionless number proposed for a particular planetary mixer, The TRIAXE®, which uses a combination of rotation and gyration of a pitched blade turbine to achieve mixing. The modified Reynolds and Power numbers proposed involve the maximum tip speed as characteristic velocity and are consistent with the definition of traditional Reynolds and Power numbers when only a single revolution around the vertical axis of the mixing device occurs in the vessel, as is the case for a standard mixing system. Experimental power measurements carried out with a planetary mixer when mixing highly viscous Newtonian fluids show that the modified Reynolds and Power numbers proposed succeed in obtaining a unique power curve for the mixing system independently of the speed ratio. This close agreement proves that the modified Reynolds and Power numbers are well adapted for engineering purposes and can be used to compare the power‐consumption performances of planetary mixers with well‐established technologies. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
NMR studies on self‐complementary oligonucleotides conjugated with methylene blue
Authors: Jähnchen Judith , Purwanto Maria G. M. , Weisz Klaus
Published: August 2005

A carboxyl‐functionalized methylene blue (MB) derivative was synthesized and covalently coupled to three CG‐rich self‐complementary 2′‐deoxyoligonucleotides at their 5′‐end. Thermodynamic and structural details about the interactions between the dye and oligonucleotide duplexes were investigated employing ultraviolet (UV) melting and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. In contrast to previous findings on MB binding, no specific intercalation or binding in the minor or major groove of the double helix was found in a 100 mM NaCl buffer. Rather, proton chemical shift changes in the conjugates provide ample evidence for weak dye–DNA interactions largely through external MB stacking on the terminal base pairs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 335–343, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Cover Picture: Peptide Electron Transfer: More Questions than Answers (Chem. Eur. J. 18/2005)
Authors: Long Yi‐Tao , Abu‐Irhayem Erfan , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard
Published: August 2005

To hop or to tunnel? The mechanism of electron transfer in peptides is currently the topic of an often heated debate with proponents strongly supporting either electron‐hopping or bridge‐assisted superexchange mechanisms. Experimental and theoretical results to date leave a number of unanswered questions. The Concept article by H.‐B. Kraatz et al. on page 5186 ff. provides an introduction into this debate with a focus on recent results obtained from surface measurements.
Sentinel lymph node mapping and molecular staging in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Li Eric , Crawford Bernard K. , Newman Elliot , Alexander Alice , Mustalish David C. , Jacobson Daniel R.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Lymph node (LN) involvement predicts recurrence in patients who have undergone resection of apparently localized nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Standard detection methods for LN disease have a low sensitivity, and many patients with apparent N0 disease status develop recurrent disease. Molecular techniques can improve the detection of micrometastases, whereas sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping can indicate which LN may contain micrometastases. These methods, although potentially complementary, have not, to the authors' knowledge, been used together previously.

METHODS

The authors used SLN mapping and molecular staging to improve the detection of LN micrometastases in patients with NSCLC. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis for cytokeratin‐7 (CK7), expressed both in normal lung and in malignant lung, was used to identify tumor‐derived material in LN.

RESULTS

SLN mapping was performed in 13 patients, with 1–3 SLNs identified in each patient, and sufficient RNA for RT‐PCR was obtained in 12 of these 13 patients. Eleven of 12 tumors expressed CK7. Overall, 32 LNs were positive for CK7, including 13 of 21 SLNs. Ten of 11 patients with evaluable SLNs had at least 1 CK7‐positive SLN. Routine pathology showed Stage I disease in eight patients, T3N0 disease in one patient, and LN‐positive disease in two patients. Of the nine patients with N0 disease according to routine pathology that was evaluable by RT‐PCR, eight patients were upstaged by this technique. All patients with positive LN status by routine pathology who were evaluable by RT‐PCR analysis had positive RT‐PCR results.

CONCLUSIONS

LN micrometastases were common in resected NSCLC, including patients with N0 disease according to routine pathology. SLN mapping was useful for identifying disease‐containing LNs. This approach may be useful for stratifying histologically N0 patients into higher risk and lower risk groups. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Risk‐group definition by recursive partitioning analysis of patients with squamous cell head and neck carcinoma treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Langendijk Johannes A. , Slotman Ben J. , van der Waal Isaac , Doornaert P. , Berkof Johannes , Leemans Charles R.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to define different prognostic groups with regard to locoregional control (LRC) derived from recursive partitioning analysis (RPA).

METHODS

Eight hundred one patients with squamous cell head and neck carcinoma underwent with primary surgery and received postoperative radiotherapy. For the definition of prognostic groups, the method of classification and regression trees was performed, including a large number of well known prognostic factors.

RESULTS

The final model was composed of six prognostic factors for LRC, resulting in seven terminal nodes. RPA Class I (intermediate risk) consisted of 381 patients who had no N3 lymph nodes, free surgical margins (> 5 mm), and no extranodal spread (ENS). RPA Class II (high risk) consisted of 189 patients who had 1 positive lymph node with ENS or had T1, T2, or T4 tumors with close or positive surgical margins. RPA Class III (very high risk) consisted of 231 patients who had a N3 neck, ≥ 2 positive lymph nodes with ENS, or a T3 tumor with close or positive surgical margins. The 5‐year LRC rate was 88%, 73% and 58%, in RPA Class I, II, and III, respectively (P < 0.0001). The hazard ratio (HR) relative to RPA Class I was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.5–3.6) for RPA Class II and 4.2 (95%CI, 2.8–6.1) for RPA Class III.

CONCLUSIONS

The RPA classification scheme studied allowed for the clear definition of three prognostic groups with regard to LRC and OS. These groups may be useful in the design of future prospective, randomized studies investigating new treatment modalities. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Failure patterns correlate with the proportion of residual carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Rohatgi Pooja R. , Swisher Stephen G. , Correa Arlene M. , Wu Tsung T. , Liao Zhongxing , Komaki Ritsuko , Walsh Garrett , Vaporciyan Ara , Lynch Patrick M. , Rice David C. , Roth Jack A. , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

The current study was conducted to test the hypothesis that patterns of failure are correlated with the degree of residual carcinoma after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

METHODS

The authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus who underwent preoperative CRT. The residual carcinoma in the resected specimen was categorized into 3 groups (0%, 1–50%, and > 50%). The initial patterns of failure were analyzed according to these categories.

RESULTS

Of the 235 patients who underwent CRT, 69 (29%) achieved a pathologic complete response (pathCR; Group A), 109 patients (46%) achieved a response but it was less than a pathCR (1–50% residual carcinoma; Group B), and 57 (24%) had no response (> 50% residual carcinoma; Group C). The time to locoregional recurrence was significantly longer for Group A compared with Group C (P = 0.05). The rate of distant metastases was significantly lower in Groups A and B compared with Group C (14% in Group A, 29% in Group B, and 33% in Group C; P = 0.03). The distant metastases‐free survival was found to be significantly longer in Groups A and B compared with Group C (Group A vs. Group B, P = 0.01; Group A vs. Group C, P < 0.0001; and Group B vs. Group C, P = 0.03). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the responding groups (Groups A and B) had no disease recurrence compared with Group C (81% in Group A, 67% in Group B, and 61% in Group C; P = 0.04). The overall survival and disease‐free survival were found to be significantly longer in Groups A and B compared with Group C.

CONCLUSIONS

Data from the current study demonstrate that the proportion of residual carcinoma after preoperative CRT is significantly correlated with patterns of locoregional and distant failure. Future investigations should focus on reducing the proportion of residual carcinoma and metastatic disease progression in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Age and comorbidity impact surgical therapy in older bladder carcinoma patients
Authors: Prout George R. , Wesley Margaret N. , Yancik Rosemary , Ries Lynn A. G. , Havlik Richard J. , Edwards Brenda K.
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Bladder carcinoma often occurs in older patients who also may have other comorbid conditions that could influence the administration of surgical therapy. The current study was conducted to describe the distribution of comorbid conditions in patients with bladder carcinoma and ascertain whether these conditions, as grouped by the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, affected the choice of surgical therapy.

METHODS

The authors examined six population‐based cancer registries from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program in 1992. A total of 820 individuals age 55 years and older was found. A random sample of newly diagnosed bladder carcinoma patients were stratified according to registry, age group (ages 55–64 yrs, ages 65–74 yrs, and age 75 yrs and older), and gender. Data regarding comorbid conditions were abstracted from the medical records and merged with routinely collected cancer registry data. The main outcome measures were the prevalence and distribution of comorbid conditions, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, and the receipt of cystectomy in patients with muscle invasion.

RESULTS

Hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, arthritis, and heart disease were found to affect at least 15% of the study population. Approximately 38% of patients were current or former smokers. Greater than 90% of patients with superficial disease were treated with transurethral resection alone. Among those patients with muscle invasion, only 55% of those ages 55–59 years underwent cystectomy; this percentage dropped to 4% in patients age 85 years and older. Among patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification of 0–2, the cystectomy rate ranged from 53% in those ages 55–59 years to 9% in those age 85 years and older.

CONCLUSIONS

There were no significant treatment differences noted with regard to age among patients with superficial disease. Among those patients with muscle invasion, those age 75 years and older were less likely to undergo radical cystectomy (14%) compared with patients ages 55–64 years (48%) and those ages 65–74 years (43%). Patient age may contribute to treatment decisions in patients with muscle‐invasive disease, even when comorbidity is taken into account. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Breast carcinoma with noninflammatory skin involvement (T4b)
Authors: Guth Uwe , Wight Edward , Schotzau Andreas , Langer Igor , Dieterich Holger , Rochlitz Christoph , Herberich Linda , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Singer Gad
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

In this study, the authors evaluated the clinical presentation of patients with T4b breast carcinoma, analyzed the impact of noninflammatory skin involvement on long‐term survival, and addressed the question whether the T4 tumor category still has any justification.

METHODS

The clinical course of a study group of 119 patients with skin involvement was compared with the outcome of a control group of 299 consecutive patients who had tumors of the same size but without skin involvement. All tumors were stratified into 1 of 4 subsets according to greatest tumor dimension, as follows: Group A, ≤ 3.0 cm; Group B, 3.1–5.0 cm; Group C, 5.1–10.0 cm; and Group D, > 10.0 cm.

RESULTS

The study group distribution of patients within the size subsets were as follows: Group A, 26.1%; Group B, 24.3%; Group C, 26.1%; and Group D, 23.5%. Differences in disease‐specific survival between the tumor size subsets were significant (Groups A and B vs. Groups C and D; P < 0.0001). In contrast to large tumors (> 5.0 cm), carcinomas ≤ 5.0 cm showed no statistical significant differences in disease‐specific survival between study group patients and control group patients (Group A: P = 0.17; Group B: P = 0.31).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a broad range of clinicopathologic breast carcinoma entities within the T4b category. For > 50% of patients with T4b breast carcinoma, the feature noninflammatory skin involvement had no significant prognostic impact. Approximately 25% of patients had an extent of disease similar to that observed in patients with Stage I–II disease and, thus, falsely were considered to have more advanced disease. Heterogeneity and a lack of prognostic significance suggest that a revision of the T4 category, a relic of historic tumor classifications, is necessary. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Recursive partitioning for risk stratification in men undergoing repeat prostate biopsies
Authors: Garzotto Mark , Park Yon , Mongoue‐Tchokote Solange , Bledsoe Jesse , Peters Laura , Blank Bruce H. , Austin Donald , Beer Tomasz M. , Mori Motomi
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

The current study was performed to identify risk factors and risk groups for carcinoma detection in men undergoing repeat prostate biopsies.

METHODS

The medical records of all men who had a negative initial prostate biopsy and underwent at least one repeat biopsy between 1992 and 2003 were reviewed to extract age, race, family history of prostate carcinoma, body mass index, referral indication, all prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values, digital rectal examination, PSA density (PSAD), the presence of a hypoechoic lesion, and the presence of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) on initial biopsy. Risk factors for a subsequent diagnosis of prostate carcinoma were identified using the log‐rank test and a stepwise, stratified Cox regression model. Based on the risk factors identified by Cox regression analysis, recursive partitioning was further used for risk stratification.

RESULTS

A total of 373 patients underwent 975 biopsy procedures. During a median follow‐up of 37.0 months, prostate carcinoma was detected in 107 of 373 patients (28.9%). Independent predictors of a positive biopsy (P < 0.05) were PSA doubling time (PSADT), PSAD, referral indication, the presence of HGPIN, patient age, and family history of prostate carcinoma. Recursive partitioning identified 4 distinct risk groups that were characterized by their PSADT and PSAD and the presence of HGPIN and had estimated 2‐year and 5‐year carcinoma detection rates of 3 ± 1% and 21 ± 4%, 28 ± 5% and 40 ± 7%, 22 ± 6% and 58 ± 8%, and 66 ± 9% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors identified a series of independent risk factors for prostate carcinoma detection after an initial negative prostate biopsy and characterized clinically meaningful and distinct patient risk groups. Despite a negative initial biopsy, patients with high‐risk features remain at risk for the detection of prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Ex vivo analysis of acinar and endocrine cell development in the human embryonic pancreas
Authors: Castaing Muriel , Duvillié Bertrand , Quemeneur Eric , Basmaciogullari Annie , Scharfmann Raphael
Published: August 2005

In contrast to the considerable body of data on pancreas development in rodents, information on pancreas development in humans is scant. We previously described a model in which mature beta cells developed from human embryonic pancreas: human embryonic pancreas was grafted under the kidney capsule of scid mice, beta cells were then seen to develop in the graft. Here, we showed that not only beta cells, but also other endocrine cells, acinar cells and ducts develop in this model. We then used this model to probe the mechanisms underlying acinar and beta cell development in the human embryonic pancreas. BrdU pulse/chase experiments produced evidence of clonal acinar cell development: the first acinar cells to appear proliferated, thereby expanding the acinar cell population. In contrast, beta cell development was regulated by the proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells, followed by beta‐cell differentiation. We then showed that early progenitors expressing PDX1 proliferated, whereas late endocrine progenitors expressing Ngn3 did not. This proliferative capacity of early endocrine progenitor cells in embryonic human pancreas may hold promise for obtaining human beta‐cell expansion. Developmental Dynamics 234:339–345, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photophysical Properties of Novel Tetranuclear Cadmium(II) Schiff‐Base Complexes
Authors: Lo Wing‐Kit , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Guo Jianping
Published: August 2005

The synthesis and structural characterisation of some new tetranuclear cadmium(II) Schiff‐base complexes were described. Reaction of the hexadentate Schiff‐base ligands (H2L) with an excess of cadmium(II) acetate, Cd(OAc)2, furnished novel tetracadmium complexes of the general formula [Cd4(L)2(OAc)4], which exhibit an interesting three‐dimensional cage‐like structure of four ligand‐supported cadmium atoms. All of the complexes were fully characterised by spectroscopic (FTIR, NMR and FAB MS) methods and their molecular structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The X‐ray crystal structures of these tetranuclear Schiff‐base complexes represent the first structurally characterised examples of this kind for the cadmium triad. These new complexes were found to display rich photophysical properties and they all exhibited low‐temperature phosphorescence in the frozen state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Chemistry of Phosphanyl‐ferrocenecarboxylic Ligands
Authors: Štěpnička Petr
Published: August 2005

The chemistry of ferrocene attracts considerable research interest even more than 50 years after its discovery, being stimulated mainly by applications of ferrocene ligands in catalysis. To the present day, the design of new ferrocene compounds ensued—sometimes by serendipity—the preparation of unprecedented coordination compounds and organometallic materials and, in the case of ferrocene compounds containing appropriate donor sets, led to numerous successful catalytic systems. This review provides a systematic survey of the chemistry of phosphanyl‐ferrocenecarboxylic ligands as a specific class of hybrid ferrocene ligands that emerged about ten years ago, illustrating their synthesis, coordination behaviour, and catalytic applications. Attention is also paid to the structural chemistry of these functional ferrocene ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Patterning of Semiconductor Nanoparticles via Microcontact Printing
Authors: Wu Xiao Chun , Chi Li Feng , Fuchs Harald
Published: August 2005

Three general paths for patterning semiconductor nanoparticles stabilized with a short chain stabilizer via microcontact printing (μCP) are presented. The interface between the nanoparticles and surfaces has to be carefully designed to realize a successful direct or indirect printing. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Diferrocenyl(methylthio)cyclopropenylium Iodide in the Synthesis of2,3‐Diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐1,3‐dienes and ‐1,3,5‐trienes
Authors: Klimova Berestneva Tatiana , Klimova Elena I. , Méndez Stivalet José Manuel , Hernández‐Ortega Simón , Martínez García Marcos
Published: August 2005

Diferrocenyl(methylthio)cyclopropenylium iodide reacts with organometallic compounds (methyllithium, benzyl‐ and ethylmagnesium chlorides, and allylmagnesium bromide) to yield 2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐1,3‐dienes or ‐1,3,5‐triene together with 3,3‐dialkyl‐1,2‐diferrocenylcyclopropenes. We present data from X‐ray diffraction analyses of (E)‐2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐ and (E,Z)‐2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthio‐4‐phenyl‐1,3‐butadienes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
5‐(Pyrrolidine‐2‐yl)tetrazole: Rationale for the Increased Reactivity of the Tetrazole Analogue of Proline in Organocatalyzed Aldol Reactions
Authors: Hartikka Antti , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: August 2005

5‐[(2S)‐Pyrrolidine‐2‐yl]‐1H‐tetrazole (1), i. e. the tetrazolic acid analogue of proline, has been found to be significant more reactive than L‐proline (2) in various organocatalyzed reactions. In the organocatalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction, acetone was reacted with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to afford the resulting β‐hydroxy ketones in good yields and moderate to high enantiomeric excesses. The increased reactivity of 1, as compared to 2, has been rationalized through a combined computational and NMR spectroscopic study. It was found that catalyst 2 was almost completely engaged in oxazolidinone formation with the aldehyde whereas 1 did not take part in such parasitic equilibrium. This finding, together with the improved solubility of the tetrazole analogue, is proposed to account for the observed reactivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Straightforward Synthesis of Non‐Natural Selenium Containing Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides
Authors: Braga Antonio L. , Lüdtke Diogo S. , Paixão Márcio W. , Alberto Eduardo E. , Stefani Hélio A. , Juliano Luiz
Published: August 2005

A series of non‐natural selenium‐containing amino acid derivatives and peptides have been synthesized, in a flexible and modular strategy. The peptide coupling reaction between N‐protected amino acids and chiral β‐seleno amines afforded the desired products in high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
DABCO: An Efficient Organocatalyst in the Ring‐Opening Reactions of Aziridines with Amines or Thiols
Authors: Wu Jie , Sun Xiaoyu , Li Yizhe
Published: August 2005

Efficient ring‐opening of aziridines with various amines or thiols catalyzed by DABCO afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Chromosome transfer experiments link regions on chromosome 7 to radiation resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Misra Anjan , Pellarin Malgorzata , Hu Lily , Kunwar Sandeep , Perhouse Mark , Lamborn Kathleen R. , Deen Dennis F. , Feuerstein Burt G.
Published: August 2005

Glioblastoma multiforme (GM) is the most lethal form of brain tumor, with a median survival of approximately 1 year. Treatment options are limited. Radiation therapy is a common form of treatment, but many tumors are resistant. In earlier studies, we found that gain of chromosome 7 is associated with radiation resistance in human primary GM. In this study, we extend that result to a model system in which we transferred chromosome 7 to recipient cells and confirmed radiation resistance as a function of chromosome 7 gain. We identified three candidate regions on chromosome 7 that conferred radiation resistance in our model system. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strength and fatigue performance versus filler fraction of different types of direct dental restoratives
Authors: Lohbauer Ulrich , Frankenberger Roland , Krämer Norbert , Petschelt Anselm
Published: August 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, such as Young's moduli, fracture strengths (FS), and flexural fatigue limits of todays resin composite dental restoratives. All materials have been subdivided into flowable, aesthetic hybrid and nano‐filled hybrid composites as marketed by dental manufacturers and analyzed in terms of the actual filler configurations. Specimen bars have been manufactured in reference to ISO 4049 standard, light‐cured for 20 s, and stored in distilled water before testing. The elastic moduli (EM), FS, and flexural fatigue limits (FFL) were measured after 14 days storage by using the four‐point bending test. The FFL was determined for 104 cycles. The fatigue data were analyzed by using the “staircase” approach and statistically treated by ANOVA analysis. Flowable materials with a reduced filler content exhibited the lowest Young's moduli, compared with those measured for higher filled materials. A linear relationship has been found between elastic moduli and filler loading (r2 = 0.798). Correlations of FS and fatigue data to different filler fractions could not be proved. FS ranged between 61.3 and 124.9 MPa. After 104 cycles of fatigue loading, the FS suffered from a decrease between 45.2 and 61.7%. However, materials providing high initial strengths do not obviously reveal the best fatigue resistance. A marketing‐based grouping of direct restorative materials has no meaning toward laboratory testing of mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Difference in color and color parameters between dental porcelain and porcelain‐repairing resin composite
Authors: Kim Sung‐Hee , Lee Yong‐Keun , Lim Bum‐Soon , Rhee Sang‐Hoon , Yang Hyeong‐Cheol
Published: August 2005

The objective of this study was to measure the differences in color and color parameters between dental porcelain and porcelain‐repairing resin composites. The colors of three shades (A2, A3, A3.5) of one brand of dental porcelain, three original shades (A2, A3, A3.5), and three combinations (A2/A3, A3/3.5, A2/A3.5) of three brands of porcelain‐repairing resin composites (ABT, FSP, TCR) were measured. The specimens were 2 mm thick, and 1 mm of each shade was layered to make combined shades. Differences in color (ΔE), lightness (ΔL*), chroma (ΔC), and hue (ΔH*) between porcelain and resin composite were calculated. Color difference was calculated as ΔE = (ΔL*2 + Δa*2 + Δb*2)1/2, chroma difference was calculated as ΔC = (Δa*2 + Δb*2)1/2, and hue difference was calculated as ΔH = (ΔE − ΔL*2 − ΔC)1/2. The influence of porcelain shade, brand of resin composites, and shade of resin composites were analyzed by three‐way analyses of variance, and the differential influence of color parameters on color difference was analyzed with multiple regression analysis (α = 0.05). Differences in color and color parameters were influenced by the porcelain shade, brand and shade of resin composites. The ΔE value was in the range of 2.2–16.9. The ΔE value was correlated with ΔC (standardized correlation coefficient, β = − 0.85), ΔL* (β = − 0.52), and ΔH (β = 0.08). Between the same shade designated pairs of porcelain and repairing composite, color difference was perceptible. Therefore, studies to improve the color matching between porcelain and repairing resin are recommended. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Novel pH responsive polymethacrylic acid–chitosan–polyethylene glycol nanoparticles for oral peptide delivery
Authors: Sajeesh S. , Sharma Chandra P.
Published: August 2005

In present study, novel pH sensitive polymethacrylic acid–chitosan–polyethylene glycol (PCP) nanoparticles were prepared under mild aqueous conditions via polyelectrolyte complexation. Free radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) was carried out in presence of chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) using a water‐soluble initiator and particles were obtained spontaneously during polymerization without using organic solvents or surfactants/steric stabilizers. Dried particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particles dispersed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were visualized under transmission electron microscope (TEM). SEM studies indicated that PCP particles have an aggregated and irregular morphology, however, TEM revealed that these aggregated particles were composed of smaller fragments with size less than 1 micron. Insulin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model proteins were incorporated into the nanoparticles by diffusion filling method and their in vitro release characteristics were evaluated at pH 1.2 and 7.4. PCP nanoparticles exhibited good protein encapsulation efficiency and pH responsive release profile was observed under in vitro conditions. Trypsin inhibitory effect of these PCP nanoparticles was studied using casein substrate and these particles displayed lesser inhibitory effect than reference polymer carbopol. Preliminary investigation suggests that these particles can serve as good candidate for oral peptide delivery. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Estrogen attenuated markers of inflammation and decreased lesion volume in acute spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Sribnick Eric Anthony , Wingrave James Michael , Matzelle Deborah Denise , Wilford Gloria Gant , Ray Swapan Kumar , Banik Naren Lal
Published: August 2005

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurologic injury with functional deficits for which the only currently recommended pharmacotherapy is high‐dose methylprednisolone, which has limited efficacy. Estrogen is a multiactive steroid that has shown antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, and estrogen may modulate intracellular Ca2+ and attenuate apoptosis. For this study, male rats were divided into three groups. Sham group animals received a laminectomy at T12. Injured rats received both laminectomy and 40 g · cm force SCI. Estrogen‐group rats received 4 mg/kg 17β‐estradiol (estrogen) at 15 min and 24 hr post‐injury, and vehicle‐group rats received equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle). Animals were sacrificed at 48 hr post‐injury, and 1‐cm‐long segments of the lesion, rostral penumbra, and caudal penumbra were excised. Inflammation was assessed by examining tissue edema, infiltration of macrophages/microglia, and levels of cytosolic and nuclear NFκB and inhibitor of kappa B (IκBα). Myelin integrity was examined using Luxol fast blue staining. When compared to sham, vehicle‐treated animals revealed increased tissue edema, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased cytosolic levels of NFκB and IκBα, increased levels of nuclear NFκB, and increased myelin loss. Treatment of SCI rats with estrogen reduced edema and decreased inflammation and myelin loss in the lesion and penumbral areas, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. Further work needs to be done, however, to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of estrogen. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.