bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a SPATIAL INS/GNSS MEMS Unit to Detect Local Gravity Variations in Static and Mobile Experiments: First Results
Authors: Beirens Benjamin , Darrozes José , Ramillien Guillaume , Seoane Lucia , Médina Patrice , Durand Pierre
Published: August 2023

In this study, we present the feasibility of using gravity measurements made with a small inertial navigation system (INS) during in situ experiments, and also mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), to recover local gravity field variations. The INS operated is the SPATIAL one developed by Advanced Navigation, which has three-axis accelerometers. When the temperature bias is corrected, these types of INS are powerful enough to present the periodic signal corresponding to the solid Earth tides. There is also a clear correlation with the data measured at different altitudes by a CG5 gravimeter. However, these data were recorded on static points, so we also studied the INS in a moving platform on a UAV. Because there are a lot of vibrations recorded by the INS (wind, motor, on-board computer), the GPS and accelerometric data need to be filtered extensively. Once the data are corrected so they do not show thermal bias and low-pass filtered, we take the second derivative of the altitude (GPS) data to find the radial accelerometry of the drone and compare it to the radial accelerometry measured directly by the INS, in order to isolate the accelerometric signal that is related to the area that is being studied and the altitude. With a high enough precision, this method could be used to obtain the gravity variations due to the topography and density variations in the ground.
Chitosan-Based Nanocarriers for Delivery of Remdesivir
Authors: Milkova Viktoria , Kamburova Kamelia , Martinov Petar , Vilhelmova-Ilieva Neli , Rashev Viktor
Published: August 2023

Stable multicomponent capsules for the delivery of remdesivir (Veklury®) are produced through subsequent electrostatic adsorption of oppositely charged components on oil emulsion droplets. For the first time, the encapsulation and release of the medicine Veklury® from polymer capsules was reported. In this study, the effect of the physicochemical properties of chitosan on the size and stability of the produced structures is investigated, on the loaded amount of drug and on the kinetics of drug release in conditions close to the physiological ones. Microbiological studies of the capsules and their constituents were performed via in vitro assays against HCT-8 cell lines and human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. A detailed analysis was performed on the influence of the properties of produced capsules on cytotoxicity against the chosen cell line, as well as their effect on the replication cycle of the virus, the virucidal activity of the samples against the viability of the extracellular virions, and their effect on viral adsorption on the cell membrane.
Soil Health Assessment to Evaluate Conservation Practices in SemiArid Cotton Systems at Producer Site Scale
Authors: Acosta-Martinez Veronica , Cotton Jon , Slaughter Lindsey C. , Ghimire Rajan , Roper Wayne
Published: August 2023

Maintaining soil health and sustainable crop production has been challenged by climate variability and wind erosion in semi-arid regions. To understand the initial effects of the transition of tilled cotton systems to no-tillage with winter wheat as a cover crop, we sampled 18 commercial grower sites from 2019 to 2022 in the Southern High Plains (SHP). We evaluated the soil biological component, which often responds rapidly to changes in residue additions or minimized soil disturbance providing an early indication of changes in soil health, especially in the low organic matter soils in this region. After two years, compared to tilled systems, no-till systems had significant increases in ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME) bacterial and saprophytic and AMF fungal markers, enzyme activities of nutrient cycling, and various SOM pools, under both center-pivot irrigation and dryland. Similar increases were also observed in two dryland sites sampled before and up to two years after transition to no-till. Our study demonstrates the potential of no-tillage and cover crops to improve soil health in cotton production in semiarid regions, and a framework for a soil health assessment that links different soil health indicators with functions related to soil organic matter, soil water, and biogeochemical cycling.
Reducing the Negative Environmental Impact of Consumerization of IT: An Individual-Level Approach
Authors: Wathuge Ayodhya , Sedera Darshana
Published: August 2023

The internet plays a pivotal role in Industry 4.0, where it provides the underlying infrastructure to support the substantial growth of digital platforms and systems to deliver a wealth of benefits. However, with the unprecedented growth of internet-based applications in recent history, the internet itself is harming the environment. Focusing on individual green motivation and willingness to pay for the green internet, this study explores one’s willingness to reduce internet usage. The study employs a survey experiment that involves 376 respondents. The results show that the most effective strategy to reduce internet usage is to incorporate extrinsic strategies and allow individuals to pay a premium for green internet services. Our work contributes to the Industry 4.0 literature by exploring how the negative environmental effects of consumerization of IT can be minimized. The findings of the study are important for technology-based businesses, policy-makers and individuals seeking to reduce the environmental damage of the internet.
Effect of Exhibition Facilities, Professional Competence, and Green Procurement on Green Meeting, Incentive Travel, Convention, and Exhibition Industry Performance Measurement: A Case Study of the Exhibition Industry of Taiwan
Authors: Lou Kuo-Ren , Huang Ying-Feng
Published: August 2023

In this study, a performance indicator scale was constructed to measure the performance of the exhibition industry, and a survey was conducted. The respondents were exhibition industry professionals, exhibitors, and their employees. A questionnaire containing the scale items was distributed to potential research participants, and 323 valid responses were obtained. Through a literature review, the relevant theories were compiled. Structural equation modeling was employed for analyzing the collected data. The exhibition hall facilities, marketing skills of organizers, environmental resources near the exhibition hall, knowledge and skills of exhibition industry professionals, and implementation of green procurement were all discovered to have significant positive effects on exhibition performance. The indicator scale was found to be appropriate for measuring exhibition industry performance. Therefore, it can be used as an indicator for measuring exhibition performance and for exploring the professional functions required from exhibition personnel. The findings also indicate that the implementation of green procurement can strengthen the value and significance of green exhibitions. On the basis of the results, suggestions are made regarding how the public sector can integrate stakeholders to further develop the exhibition industry. This study hopes to prompt the government to prioritize the active improvement of this industry.
Feature Description Method for Contracted Graphs of Kinematic Chains and Automatic Synthesis by CAD
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Shuang , Chen Zhipeng
Published: August 2023

In order to achieve the synthesis of contracted graphs (CGs) automatically by given associated linkages (ALs), a new feature description method is proposed and a software is constructed. First of all, a connection method substring (CMS) is proposed and the related guidelines are given. The combination of characteristic strings (CSs) and CMSs can accurately describe the type, number, and connection relationship between the basic links in a CG. Secondly, a synthesis software by computer aided design (CAD) is constructed, and the interface of the software and the main functions of the compiled programs are explained. Finally, the software operation is carried out, and the effectiveness and complexity of the implemented algorithms are proved. Taking typical ALs 1Q1T3P and 1Q6T as examples, the feature description is generated and the CGs are drawn automatically. The research results of this paper achieve one-to-one correspondence between a CG and its feature description and draws the CGs by given ALs automatically, which avoids the omission and repetition of the CGs during the synthesis process.
Unveiling the Protein Components of the Secretory-Venom Gland and Venom of the Scorpion Centruroides possanii (Buthidae) through Omic Technologies
Authors: García-Villalvazo Patricia Elizabeth , Jiménez-Vargas Juana María , Lino-López Gisela Jareth , Meneses Erika Patricia , Bermúdez-Guzmán Manuel de Jesús , Barajas-Saucedo Carlos Eduardo , Delgado Enciso Iván , Possani Lourival Domingos , Valdez-Velazquez Laura Leticia
Published: August 2023

Centruroides possanii is a recently discovered species of “striped scorpion” found in Mexico. Certain species of Centruroides are known to be toxic to mammals, leading to numerous cases of human intoxications in the country. Venom components are thought to possess therapeutic potential and/or biotechnological applications. Hence, obtaining and analyzing the secretory gland transcriptome and venom proteome of C. possanii is relevant, and that is what is described in this communication. Since this is a newly described species, first, its LD50 to mice was determined and estimated to be 659 ng/g mouse weight. Using RNA extracted from this species and preparing their corresponding cDNA fragments, a transcriptome analysis was obtained on a Genome Analyzer (Illumina) using the 76-base pair-end sequencing protocol. Via high-throughput sequencing, 19,158,736 reads were obtained and ensembled in 835,204 sequences. Of them, 28,399 transcripts were annotated with Pfam. A total of 244 complete transcripts were identified in the transcriptome of C. possanii. Of these, 109 sequences showed identity to toxins that act on ion channels, 47 enzymes, 17 protease inhibitors (PINs), 11 defense peptides (HDPs), and 60 in other components. In addition, a sample of the soluble venom obtained from this scorpion was analyzed using an Orbitrap Velos apparatus, which allowed for identification by liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of 70 peptides and proteins: 23 toxins, 27 enzymes, 6 PINs, 3 HDPs, and 11 other components. Until now, this work has the highest number of scorpion venom components identified through omics technologies. The main novel findings described here were analyzed in comparison with the known data from the literature, and this process permitted some new insights in this field.
Genetic Variation between Asian and Mediterranean Populations of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus
Authors: Pouraziz Parastoo , Yousefi Milad , Santosa Adyatma Irawan , Koolivand Davoud
Published: August 2023

Viral symptoms, such as yellowing, leaf deformation, mottling, vein clearing, and reduced yield, were observed in cucurbits in Iran. This study aimed to detect the main suspected causal agent, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), in Iran and analyze the genetic diversity among isolates. Two hundred samples were collected from different growing areas between 2019 and 2022. PCR amplification was performed on the P3 and P4 genes. The sequences of 18 Iranian isolates were obtained and deposited in GenBank. Recombination, phylogenetic, and population genetics studies were then carried out for the complete genome and all ORFs sequences, together with other isolates in GenBank. The nucleotide identities of the overlapped ORF3/4 sequences of Iranian isolates were 94.8 to 99.5% among themselves, and with other tested isolates ranging from 94.3 to 99.3%. Phylogenetic trees based on the complete genome and the overlapped ORF3/4 showed two major clades, namely Asian and Mediterranean, and the new isolates from Iran were positioned in both clades. The obtained results also suggest that all the genes and two clades of CABYV populations were under negative selection pressure. Furthermore, rare gene flow between these two clades (FST > 0.33) confirmed the high genetic separation among them.
Cardiac Function Evaluation after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Children and Adolescents: A Prospective Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Study
Authors: Sabatino Jolanda , Di Chiara Costanza , Lauretta Daria , Fumanelli Jennifer , D’Ascoli Greta Luana , Donà Daniele , Cozzani Sandra , Oletto Andrea , Giaquinto Carlo , Di Salvo Giovanni
Published: August 2023

Background: Possible cardiac impairment after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is a common driver of parental vaccine hesitancy. We performed a comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of biventricular function in vaccinated children with or without previous COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective, case–control study enrolling children and adolescents aged 5–18 years attending the pediatric clinic of the University Hospital of Padua from April to June 2022. Three months after receiving the primary mRNA vaccination or booster dose, the patients underwent a cardiac assessment, including standard echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE). A pre-pandemic historical cohort of age- and gender-matched healthy children were used as a control. Results: A total of 39 post-VACCINE cases (24, 61% female), mean age 12.6 ± 2.6 years (range 8–17), were enrolled in the study. Ninety percent (N = 35) of patients were previously healthy. No differences in left ventricular diameters, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) were observed between cases and controls. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was in the normal range in all individuals, with no differences between post-VACCINE cases and controls (−21.7 ± 2.3% vs. 21.2 ± 1.8%; p = 0.338). However, GLS was found to be slightly but significantly reduced in post-VACCINE children with a previous COVID-19 compared to naïve-vaccinated individuals (post-VACCINE+COVID-19: −19.9 ± 1.1% vs. post-VACCINE-only: −22.0 ± 2.3%; p = 0.002). Conclusions: We did not observe an impairment in GLS or in other indices of LV structure or function after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Vaccine Derived from the SD-R Strain against NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Xu Hu , Li Chao , Gong Bangjun , Li Wansheng , Guo Zhenyang , Sun Qi , Zhao Jing , Xiang Lirun , Li Jinhao , Tang Yan-Dong , Leng Chaoliang , Wang Qian , Peng Jinmei , Zhou Guohui , Liu Huairan , An Tongqing , Cai Xuehui , Tian Zhi-Jun , Zhang Hongliang
Published: August 2023

NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains were first detected in China in 2017 and became major circulating strains in 2021. Our previous study showed that the live-attenuated vaccine candidate SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against different NADC30-like PRRSVs (sublineage 1.8). However, the protective effect of SD-R against NADC34-like PRRSV is unclear. Here, a novel NADC34-like PRRSV, LNTZJ1341-2012, was isolated from a pig farm experiencing disease in 2020. Sequence analysis revealed that LNTZJ1341-2012 belonged to PRRSV-2 sublineage 1.5, exhibited the same Nsp2 amino-acid deletion characteristics as IA/2014/NADC34, and had not recombined with other strains. Additionally, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative NADC34-like strain (LNTZJ1341-2012). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed clinical signs typical of PRRSV infection, including transient fever, high viremia, mild clinical symptoms, and histopathological changes in the lungs and submaxillary lymph nodes. In contrast, SD-R vaccination significantly reduced serum and lung tissue viral loads, and vaccinated piglets did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathological changes. Our results demonstrated that LNTZJ1341-2012 is a mildly virulent NADC34-like PRRSV and that the live-attenuated vaccine SD-R can prevent the onset of clinical signs upon challenge with the NADC34-like PRRSV LNTZJ1341-2012 strain, indicating that SD-R is a promising vaccine candidate for the swine industry.
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Lusaka, Zambia; Findings and Implications for the Future
Authors: Mudenda Steward , Daka Victor , Matafwali Scott K. , Skosana Phumzile , Chabalenge Billy , Mukosha Moses , Fadare Joseph O. , Mfune Ruth L. , Witika Bwalya A. , Alumeta Mirriam G. , Mufwambi Webrod , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna C. , Bwalya Angela G.
Published: August 2023

The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to address the severe consequences of the disease. Previous studies have suggested that many healthcare workers (HCWs) are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, further enhancing hesitancy rates within countries. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy levels are currently unknown among HCWs in Zambia, which is a concern given the burden of infectious diseases in the country. Consequently, this study assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 HCWs between August and September 2022, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. Of the 240 HCWs who participated, 54.2% were females. A total of 72.1% of the HCWs would accept being vaccinated, while 27.9% were hesitant. Moreover, 93.3% of HCWs had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, with medical doctors having the highest mean attitude score (82%). Encouragingly, HCWs with positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines had reduced odds of being hesitant (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01–0.11, p < 0.001). Overall, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia, was high, especially by those with positive attitudes. However, the current hesitancy among some HCWs is a concern. Consequently, there is a need to address this and encourage HCWs to fully promote vaccination programs going forward.
Assessing the Dual Use of Red and Yellow Algerian Pomegranate Husks: Natural Antiradical Agents and Low-Cost Biosorbents for Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Waters
Authors: Abed Lina , Belattar Noureddine
Published: August 2023

The hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) released in industrial wastewaters can cause adverse effects on both the environment and human health. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the red and yellow pomegranate husk powders (RHP and YHP) as natural quenchers for free radicals and as adsorbents towards Cr(VI) ions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyses were used for biosorbent characterization. The antiradical activity was assessed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were conducted by the batch method. The results showed the roughness and heterogeneity of the biosorbent surface in the presence of active functional groups. At a dose of 5 mg, both biomasses showed a radical inhibition activity (I) > 85% for DPPH, and (I) > 91% for ABTS. Finally, the isotherms modeling showed that the Langmuir model was the best fit with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 413.22 and 403.22 mg/g at pH 2 within 60 min with a solid/liquid ratio (S/L) of 0.5 mg/mL for RHP and YHP, respectively. The kinetic data aligned better with the pseudo-second-order model. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of these biomasses as natural quenchers for free radicals and as biosorbents for Cr(VI) removal from contaminated waters.
Greenhouse Gases Emissions of Constructed Wetlands: Mechanisms and Affecting Factors
Authors: Yin Xiaoxue , Jiang Cancan , Xu Shengjun , Yu Xiaojuan , Yin Xiaolin , Wang Jinglin , Maihaiti Mairemu , Wang Cong , Zheng Xiaoxu , Zhuang Xuliang
Published: August 2023

Constructed wetlands (CWs) widely applied for wastewater treatment release significant greenhouse gases (GHGs), contributing to global warming. It is essential to characterize the comprehensive source-sink effects and affecting factors of GHGs in CWs, offering references and guidance for designing and operating CWs to better control GHG emissions. However, current reviews focus on individual GHG emission mechanisms. With the aid of the Web of Science Core Collection database, the relevant literature on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in CWs after 2010 was collected and organized. As highlighted in the review, CWs can produce and transmit these GHGs into the atmosphere, forming sources of GHGs and sequestration CO2 through plants photosynthesis, forming sinks of GHGs. Their overall performance depends on many factors. Hybrid CWs, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus alternifolius, and Iris pseudacorus, adsorption substrates like Fe-C, low temperatures, and a C/N ratio of five are beneficial for GHG mitigation in CWs. Future studies should focus on in-depth research into the mechanisms and overall source-sink benefits of plants and microorganisms in relation to GHGs. This review provided a comprehensive understanding of the emission mechanisms and affecting factors of the major GHGs in CWs, bridging the research gap in this field, helping researchers to clarify the context, and providing valuable in-sights for further scientific investigations.
The Uptake of Engineered Nanoparticles by Sludge Particulates
Authors: Choi Soohoon , Johnston Murray , Wang Gen-Shuh , Huang Chin-Pao
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to understand the removal characteristics of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) from sludge treatment processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Removal of ENP (TiO2, ZnO) was tested on primary and secondary sludge, using differential sedimentation experiments to quantify the attachment of ENP to sludge particulates. To better understand the attachment characteristics, aquatic conditions such as mixed liquid suspended solid concentration, and Ionic strength of the wastewater, were varied to replicate different field conditions of WWTPs. Results showed different degrees of multilayer attachment to sludge surfaces based on the experimental conditions. To verify the effect of ENP surface characters with the sludge attachment, SiO2, ZnO, and TiO2 were tested, showing SiO2 with the highest amount of attachment regardless of its surface charge. With the variation of sludge concentration, up to four degrees of magnitude in sorption was observed. Salt concentrations also showed high impacts on the sorption, where the sorption is decreased by half when doubling the salt concentration. The findings of the current research may aid in understanding the fate of engineered nanoparticles in wastewater treatment plants.
The Effect of Different Sludge Pretreatment Methods on Microalgae Performance and the Release of Pollutants in Hydrolysis Acidification Solutions
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Hong Yu , Liu Xiaoya
Published: August 2023

Waste-activated sludge disposal has now become a serious global problem. After pretreatment, sludge was hydrolyzed and acidified to release nutrients. The effects of different sludge pretreatments on microalgal growth and contaminants in a hydrolysis acidification solution were compared. Alkalinization (NaOH), ultrasound (US), and combined pretreatment techniques (US-NaOH) all promoted contaminants’ release from the sludge by triggering microbial cell wall rupture and extracellular polymer dissolution. The organics released from the pretreated sludge were more readily and rapidly consumed due the presence of abundant microorganisms. The US group was more capable of releasing contaminants than the NaOH group, while the US-NaOH group overrode both. The growth characteristics, photosynthetic performance, and effluent treatment properties of Chlorella were observed in all group. In the untreated group, Chlorella exhibited higher algal density, maximum photochemical quantum yield, and effluent treatment capacity. The results demonstrated that sludge pretreatment could facilitate the release and rapid consumption of pollutants. Additionally, the NaOH pretreatment could remove the refractory organics to a higher degree, and could also accumulate more photosynthetic pigments. This study demonstrated the feasibility of Chlorella being used in practical scenarios such as hydrolytic acidification solutions for different sludge treatment methods, providing data for wastewater treatment and resource utilization.
A Model Development for Thermal and Solutal Transport Analysis of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow over a Riga Surface Driven by a Waste Discharge Concentration
Authors: Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Kalleshachar Vinutha , Kumar Chandan , Khan Umair , Nagaraja Kallur Venkat , Sarris Ioannis E. , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh
Published: August 2023

Wastewater discharge plays a vital role in environmental management and various industries. Water pollution control and tracking are critical for conserving water resources and maintaining adherence to environmental standards. Therefore, the present analysis examines the impact of pollutant discharge concentration considering the non-Newtonian nanoliquids over a permeable Riga surface with thermal radiation. The analysis is made using two distinct kinds of non-Newtonian nanoliquids: second-grade and Walter’s liquid B. The governing equations are made using the applications of boundary layer techniques. Utilizing the suitable similarity variable reduces the formulated governing equations into an ordinary differential set of equations. The solutions will be obtained using an efficient numerical technique and the significance of various dimensionless constraints on their individual profiles will be presented using graphical illustrations. A comparative analysis is reported for second-grade and Walter’s liquid B fluids. The results show that the porous factor declines the velocity profile for both fluids. Radiation and external pollutant source variation constraints will improve thermal and concentration profiles. The rate of thermal distribution improved with the rise in radiation and solid volume factors. Further, essential engineering factors are analyzed. The outcomes of the present study will help in making decisions and putting efficient plans in place to reduce pollution and safeguard the environment.
The Effect Analysis of Water Diversion on Water Quality Improvement: A Case Study in Urban Lake, China
Authors: Li Jingjing , Liang Yunxiang , Zou Chaowang , Chen Yingshu , Wang Zhe
Published: August 2023

With the rapid progress of society and economy on a regional level, river pollution trends have risen, causing an overwhelmingly poor water quality in urban lakes. In this study, a two-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and water quality model was employed to assess the enhancement of water quality subsequent to the implementation of water diversion measures in Lake Hou, a representative urban lake located in Wuhan. The model was established based on detailed data collection via survey analysis, model simulation, and joint analysis. The total amount of pollutants in Lake Hou before and after pollution interception and control was compared and analyzed. The observed lake water level, discharge, and water quality parameters, including total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), were utilized to evaluate the performance of the model. The results showed that the water quality of Lake Hou improved as the recharge flow increased. When the recharge flow was 10 m3/s, TP, TN, and COD improvements were 28.94%, 24.14%, and 14.30%, respectively. When the recharge flow was 15 m3/s, TP, TN, and COD improvements were 33.14%, 27.77%, and 15.57%, respectively. When the recharge flow was 20 m3/s, TP, TN, and COD improvements were 35.74%, 30.10%, and 16.29%, respectively. However, a downward trend can be observed with increasing rates of TP, TN, and COD improvements (%), from 10 m3/s to 15 m3/s, at 4.2%, 3.56%, and 1.27%, respectively. The increasing rates of TP, TN, and COD improvements (%) from 15 m3/s to 20 m3/s were 2.6%, 2.4%, and 0.27%, respectively. This study offers a valuable technical solution for the management of urban lakes.
Water Deficit Caused by Land Use Changes and Its Implications on the Ecological Protection of the Endorheic Dalinor Lake Watershed in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Longfeng , Li Wenpeng , Zheng Yuejun , Zhang Xuefei , Yuan Fuqiang , Wu Xia
Published: August 2023

Dalinor Lake, the second-largest endorheic salt lake in Inner Mongolia, has shown a shrinking trend given the lack of a significant decrease in precipitation (PRE). Based on high-spatial-resolution datasets, we employed a linear regression model, Theil–Sen median trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, and a land use transfer matrix to identify the spatio-temporal distribution and trends of PRE and actual evapotranspiration (AET) at the watershed scale during 2001–2019; then, the water deficit (WD) caused by land use changes in different surface lithology zones was analyzed. The results showed that the annual PRE and WD of the Dalinor Lake watershed showed insignificant upward trends, while the annual AET showed a significant upward trend. Spatially, about 89% of the watershed showed a significant upward trend for AET, while 12% showed a weak significant upward trend for PRE. The WDs of the aeolian sand zone and the sand, gravel, and silt accumulation zone were most heavily affected by the new increased land use from 2001 to 2019, accounting for 43.14% and 25.56% of the total WD of the watershed, respectively. Specifically, the WD of the aeolian sand zone caused by the new increased grassland and farmland in 2019 accounted for 41.92% and 18.52% of the total WD of the zone, respectively. The WD of the sand, gravel, and silt accumulation zone caused by the new increased grassland and farmland in 2019 accounted for 37.07% and 35.59% of the total WD of the zone, respectively. The WD caused by the new increased land use was increased by 7.78 million m3 in 2019 compared with the corresponding land use type in 2001, which would decrease the water yield. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of regional forest ecosystems in the granite and terrigenous clastic rock zone; standardize pasture management and reduce farmland reclamation in the sand, gravel, and silt accumulation zone, the aeolian sand zone, and the basalt platform zone; and reduce unnecessary impervious land construction in the aeolian sand zone.
Estilos de crianza como predictores del apego, dependencia emocional, abuso psicológico en relaciones de pareja
Authors: Larriva Rodríguez José Santiago , Vintimilla Espinoza María José
Published: August 2023

Los estilos de crianza como predictores del apego, dependencia emocional, abuso psicológico en relaciones de pareja son el propósito de este estudio. Por ello, su objetivo es analizar los estilos de crianza existentes en la actualidad y el apego, dependencia y abuso psicológico en las relaciones de pareja adultas. La metodología que se aplicó, fue de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativa, es decir se realizó una investigación secundaria a partir de la síntesis cualitativa de la literatura usando como categorías estilos de crianza, predictores del apego, dependencia emocional, abuso psicológico y relaciones en pareja. Con conclusión se tiene que los estilos de crianza son factores predisponentes para una dependencia emocional a futuro, el apego es susceptible a la violencia psicológica; al determinar el tipo de crianza que se aplica dentro de la relación de padres e hijos, es posible sucesión de eventos posteriores como dependencia, inseguridad, falta de autocontrol, agresividad y sobre todo carentes de madurez emocional.
"JÚZGUESE POR LAS COPIAS”: EL CONOCIMIENTO Y CIRCULACIÓN DE LA PINTURA EUROPEA EN CHILE
Authors: Drien Marcela
Published: August 2023

La copia constituyó una de las formas más importantes de aproximación a la pintura europea durante el siglo XIX en Chile y las exposiciones de arte brindaron una plataforma fundamental para su circulación durante la segunda mitad del siglo. A través de la revisión de la estructura y contenidos de catálogos y reseñas de exposiciones, este artículo analiza el rol de la copia como medio de difusión de la pintura europea en el contexto chileno, y como instrumento para la formación artística del público. A partir de su exhibición, las copias constituyeron por sobre todo una herramienta a partir de la cual fue posible proponer criterios destinados a formar juicios artísticos por la vía de la observación.
Microbial Degradation of Heterocycles- A Review
Authors: Da Silva Martins Luiza Helena , Rodrigues Barbosa Jhonatas , Baleixo da Silva Sabrina , Portal Gomes Paulo Wender , Komesu Andrea , Vasconcelos da Silva Pereira Glauce , Barata Alves Rafaela Cristina , Goltara Bichara Carissa Michelle
Published: August 2023

Heterocycles are organic compounds that are well-known and distributed in nature; they can be used in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and chemical industries. Heterocycles composed of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are harmful toxins and can cause cancers; these substances can persist for years in the environment. One attractive alternative to expensive physical and chemical methods is microbial degradations, which present high potential and low cost, causing minimal environmental impacts. The use of these microorganisms makes use of heterocyclic substances as substrates, removing them efficiently and safely. Some strains of wild and genetically modified microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) have already been used to degrade various pesticides and aromatic compounds. Understanding the biodegradation mechanism of microorganisms will benefit future bioremediation studies, which may prove to be one of the alternatives to solving environmental problems. This review will focus on the microbial degradation of heterocyclic compounds, taking into account the most used techniques and their limitations in future research
Idiopathic True Radial Artery Aneurysm: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Damnjanovic Zoran , Stepanovic Nemanja , Zivkovic Nikola
Published: August 2023

Idiopathic true aneurysm of the distal radial artery is a rare disease with only few reported cases. Most patients were treated surgically with proximal and distal arterial ligatures, while there are reports of only 7 cases where revascularization procedures were performed. We present a case of a 66-year-old man with a pulsatile mass in the right forearm at the location of the radial artery. Six months preceding the presentation, the patient had first noticed a pulsatile tumefaction which gradually increased in size, with a sudden increase during the last month. The patient worked as a waiter and was a non-smoker with no significant comorbidities. There was no history of trauma, recent infection, hospitalization, recurrent injury, or peripheral venous cannulation. After CDT diagnosis, we performed resection of aneurysm and reconstruction with cephalic autovenous graft. One month afterwards, at the follow-up visit, the patient denied having symptoms of hand ischemia and duplex ultrasound examination showed adequate patency of the radial artery. This paper presents a rare case of a true idiopathic radial artery aneurysm that was treated surgically by complete resection and interposition with a reverse cephalic vein autovenous graft. Detailed anamnesis and clinical examination are necessary for the appropriate surgical treatment of the disease.
Cohort Profile: Shiraz Pediatric Liver Cirrhosis Cohort (SPLCCS)
Authors: Motazedian Nasrin , Geramizadeh Bita , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Azarpira Negar , Hossein Aghdaei Mahdokht , Yaghobi Ramin , Shamsaeefar Alireza , Kazemi Kourosh , Karimi Mohammad Hossein , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Mashhadiagha Amirali , Ataollahi Maryam , Ilkhanipoor Homa , Basiratnia Mitra , Nemati Hamid , Ekramzadeh Maryam , Sanaei Dashti Anahita , Nikeghbalian Saman , Malekhosseini Seyed Ali
Published: August 2023

Liver diseases in children and adolescents are a significant and arising public health issue and should be surveyed from different dimensions (clinical and para-clinical, psychological, socio-economic) and in diverse populations. Shiraz Liver Transplant Center, Shiraz, Iran is the only center for pediatric liver transplantation and its pre-operative evaluations. This provides a unique and valuable situation for studying this vulnerable population. The Shiraz Pediatric Liver Cirrhosis Cohort Study (SPLCCS) was established to assess cirrhotic children, the course of their disease, and treatment over time. This cohort study aimed to prospectively evaluate the natural course and factors that contributed to complications and death of children with chronic liver disease in the region. SPLCCS was launched in September 2018 after obtaining ethical approval; until August 2022, 370 children with end-stage liver disease were enrolled and followed every six months. Here, the cohort’s features, the included population’s baseline characteristics, and primary outcomes are reported.
Investigating the Relationship Between High Levels of Angiotensin II in Plasma and the Rate of Deterioration in Hypertensive Patients to COVID-19
Authors: Shahnazari Mina , Majzoobi Mohammad Mahdi , Keramat Fariba , Mohammadi Younes , Najafi Rezvan , Ghasemi Basir Hamid Reza , Bahrami Banan Fatemeh , Jalali Akram
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The COVID-19 crisis poses a heightened risk to vulnerable populations. Considering factors influencing deterioration, complications, and mortality, it is especially important to pay attention to these groups, including persons with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the angiotensin II (ANG II) level and the disease severity and clinical course in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.1±20) admitted to Sinai hospital in Hamedan. The blood samples of the patients were taken during hospitalization and discharge, and the plasma ANG II level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The quantitative comparison was analyzed with paired t test and qualitative comparison with the chi-square test. The correlation of variables was checked with the Pearson test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 44%, 16%, and 10% of COVID-19 patients had HTN, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 10% diabetes, respectively. The oxygen level of 82% of the patients was below 90, of which 68% were intubated, and the lowest oxygen levels were observed in patients with HTN and CVD with 2 deaths. The primary and secondary examination of the ANG II level demonstrated that its level was significantly higher during illness compared to full recovery and decreased during recovery. Conclusion: The ANG II level is related to the severity of the disease in the early stages of 2019- nCoV infection. Therefore, HTN or other diseases that affect the level of ANG II in the blood can increase the severity of the disease.
A Path Analysis Model Examining Factors Affecting the Caregiving Burden Experienced by the Family Caregivers of Drug Addicts in Egypt
Authors: Abdelrehim Marwa G , Sadek Refaat R , Mehany Asmaa S , Mohamed Eman S
Published: August 2023

Background: Although the caregiving burden experienced by the family caregivers of drug addicts is receiving increased attention, there is still a need to study the possible predictors of the care burden, especially with the increasing numbers of addicts in Egypt and the important role of family caregivers in the support and treatment of addicts. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted at Minia Hospital for Mental Health and Addiction Treatment, Egypt. Data was collected during interviews with addicts and their family caregivers. The caregiver burden was assessed using the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS). The path analysis was used to assess the interrelationships between the burden and characteristics of addicts and caregivers. Results: Based on the results, 96.7% of addicts were males, and their mean age was 28.8 ± 8.1 years, while their caregivers aged 39.7 ± 10.4 years and included 58.7% males. The caregivers reported a severe burden of care which was predicted by the addict’s drug-related problems (B = 0.25, P = 0.0003), financial hardship (B = 0.46, P < 0.0001), and the caregiver’s occupation (B = -0.16, P = 0.017). Financial hardship had an indirect association with the burden of care (B = 0.06, P = 0.041) mediated through drug-related problems score, which was predicted by the severity of dependence, admission for treatment, and the level of social support. Conclusion: The burden of caring for addicts depends on patient-related problems, as well as caregivers’ situations and income. Strategies to provide social support, financial aid, and problem-solving skills should be provided to the addicts and their caregivers as a part of treatment programs to help reduce the caregiving burden.
Risk-Taking Behaviors Considering Internet Gaming Disorder among Iranian University Students: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Ghasemi Seproo Faeze , Janani Leila , Motevalian Seyed Abbas , Abbasi-Ghahramanloo Abbas , Fattahi Hamed , Rimaz Shahnaz
Published: August 2023

Background: Dangerous behaviors adversely affect the health of adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify the subgroups of college students based on the parameters of risky behavior and analyze the impact of demographic factors and internet gaming disorder (IGD) belonging to each class. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted on 1355 students through a multi-stage random sampling method in 2020. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data, and all students completed 1294 sets of questionnaires. The data were analyzed using t test and latent class analysis (LCA) through SPSS and PROC LCA in SAS 9.2 software. Results: Three latent classes have been identified as low-risk (75%), tobacco smoker (8%), and high-risk (17%). There was a high possibility of risky behavior in the third class. Marital status (being single) (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.19-4.37), unemployment (having no job) along with education (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.33), and IGD (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.09) increased the risk of inclusion in the tobacco smoker class. Moreover, unemployment (having no job) along with education (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11-1.84) increased the chance of being in the high-risk class. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, 25% of the students were tobacco smokers or were in the high-risk class. The results of this study may help develop and evaluate preventive strategies that simultaneously take into account different behaviors.
Adverse Maternal, Perinatal, and Neonatal Outcomes in Adolescent Pregnancies: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mohammadian Farnaz , Nejadifard Monireh Moharram , Tofighi Shabnam , Garrosi Lida , Molaei Behnaz
Published: August 2023

Background: Despite the increase in the age of marriage, early marriage and subsequent adolescent pregnancy remain a serious problem in many regions and societies. Due to low evidence in this regard, this study was conducted to determine the health consequences of adolescent pregnancy. Study Design: This was a case-control study. Methods: The present study was performed on pregnant women who were referred to Ayatollah Mousavi hospital of Zanjan for delivery in 2021. Pregnant women with gestational age less than 19 years were considered as the case group and those with gestational age between 19-35 years as the control group. The pregnancy outcomes on the mother and the neonate were obtained through the researcher-made checklist. Chi-square test and student’s t-test were used to compare variables between the two groups. Results: In this study, 169 adolescent and 258 adult mothers were compared as the case and control groups, respectively. The mean age of cases and controls was 17.41±1.22 and 30.66±6.46 years, respectively. Cesarean delivery (34.5% vs. 23.67%, P=0.017) and anemia during pregnancy (16.28% vs. 10.7%, P=0.005) were significantly higher in the control group, while mood disorder after delivery was significantly higher in the case group (11.24% vs. 5.84%, P=0.04). The Apgar score 5 minutes after birth and birth weight were significantly higher in mothers of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that adolescent mothers are more prone to postpartum depression, and babies born to these mothers are more prone to low birth weight and a low Apgar score. Therefore, adolescent pregnancy should be managed as a high-risk pregnancy.
Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Outcome and Competing Risks: Application to HIV/AIDS Data
Authors: Najafi Ghobadi Khadijeh , Mahjub Hossein , Poorolajal Jalal , Shakiba Ebrahim , Khassi Kaivan , Roshanaei Ghodratollah
Published: August 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major public health challenges globally, and the number of TB infections and death caused by HIV are high because of HIV/ TB co-infection. On the other hand, CD4 count plays a significant role in TB/HIV co-infections. We used a joint model of longitudinal outcomes and competing risks to identify the potential risk factors and the effect of CD4 cells on TB infection and death caused by HIV in HIV-infected patients. Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Methods: The current study was performed on 1436 HIV+patients referred to Behavioral Diseases Counseling Centers in Kermanshah Province during 1998-2019. In this study, joint modeling was used to identify the effect of potential risk factors and CD4 cells on TB and death caused by HIV. Results: The results demonstrated that the decreasing CD4 cell count was significantly associated with an increased risk of death, while it had no significant relation with the risk of TB. In addition, patients with TB were at a higher risk of death. Based on the results, a significant relationship was found between CD4 count and sex, marital status, education level, antiretroviral therapy (ART), time, and the interaction between time and ART. Further, people infected with HIV through sexual relationships were at higher risk of TB, while those with a history of imprisonment who received ART or were infected with HIV through drug injection had a lower risk of TB. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the decreasing CD4 count had a significant association with an increased risk of death caused by HIV. However, it was not significantly related to the risk of TB. Finally, patients with TB were at higher risk of death caused by HIV.