bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variasi Struktur Morfologi Umbi dan Daun Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Hasil Persilangan Alami Asesi Antin 1 dengan Beta 2
Authors: Rahmawati Ida , Sulistiono Sulistiono , Utami Budhi
Published: August 2023

The phenotype of a living thing is determined by the DNA sequence inherited from the male and female parents. The phenotype of a cross on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cannot be predicted using Mendel's Law rules because the dominance/recessive trait in the parents is not known, as a result of self sterility. This study aims to describe the morphological structure of tubers and leaves resulting from natural crosses of Asesi Antin 1 and Beta 2 sweet potatoes. The study was conducted in an observational non-experimental manner on plants resulting from natural crosses of sweet potato Antin 1 with Beta 2 assesion. All seeds resulting from the crosses were germinated in soil : sand media with a  ratio of 3: 1. Furthermore, the growing sprouts were planted in plastic pots with a diameter of 30 cm with a medium consisting of soil: sand: compost = 3: 2: 1,then harvested after 7 months of age. The tuber morphological structures observed were shape tuber character, skin color predominant, and tuber flesh predominant color characters, while the leaf morphological structures observed were circumscriptio, margo folii, number of lobus, and the leaf vein color. The number of seedlings that managed to grow to maturity was 10 plants and had a variety of tuber and leaf morphological structures

One plant did tubers, and the other 9 plants produced of  tubers.The morphological characteristics of the tubers and leaves of all individuals were as follows: 1) tuber shape characters, rounded, oblong and obovate for 1 plant each, long irregular, long oblong and ovate for 2 plants each; 2) the dominant color of tuber skin, 1 plant was purple, 5 plants were cream, and 3 plants were red; 3) the dominant color characters of tuber flesh were purple and white-purple each 3 plants, 2 plants were yellow-white and 1 plant was yellow; 4) the character of circumscriptio  of triangular leaves is 3 plants and the cordatus leaves is 7 plants; 5) the character of the margo folii, 3 plants are palmati fidus,  5 plants are palmati partitus and 1 plant is palmati lobus; 6) the character of the number of lobes, 3 lobes is 3 plants, 5 lobes is 5 plants, 4 and 7 lobes is 1 plant each; and 7) the character of the vein of leave, green veins is 8 plants, purple and purple at the base only is 1 plant each.
Determining the epidemiological status of patients with tracheal stenosis
Authors: Manouchehr Aghajanzadeh  , Siamak Rimaz  , Azin Tirbakhash  , Mohammad Pakdaman  , Azita Tangestaninejad  , Elaheh Rafiee  , Mohaya Farzin
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Tracheal stenosis is a rare, but serious complication that often occurs following tracheal intubation or tracheostomy. This study aimed to evaluate the causes, symptoms, and complications of therapeutic methods in patients with treated tracheal stenosis Analysis. Material and methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, patients who had undergone tracheal stenosis were evaluated for its cause, the cause of endotracheal intubation, the duration of intubation, types of treatment, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications.80 patients were included in the study. Result and Discussion: The most common cause of tracheal stenosis was endotracheal intubation (57.5%). Among 41 patients with a history of tracheostomy, 34 patients underwent late tracheostomy and 7 patients underwent early tracheostomy. Recurrence of stenosis was the most common complication of tracheal stenosis treatment (surgery), respectively. Conclusion: The prolonged endotracheal intubation is the most common cause of endotracheal stenosis, therefore, early tracheostomy is recommended to be done on patients with predicted long-term endotracheal intubation.
Holistic health care and maternal death in a hospital in south Nigeria: A case report
Authors: BIRALO PAUL KALALOLO  , TEE POPNEN G.P  , NKEMAGU OKOCHA
Published: August 2023

Ac­cording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of Nigeria is 814 (per 100,000 live births. The Sustainable Development Goal aims to achieve a maternal mortality ratio of less than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. This may be feasible only if the perception, values, religious beliefs and practices of the pregnant women observed as factors implicated in the poor utilization of health facilities in Nigeria as in other developing countries are properly addressed. While effort is being made to provide standard well-equipped Health facilities, integration of holistic care into reproductive health programs by taking a detailed spirituality history of the pregnant women early enough in the antenatal clinic to elicit and effectively address these monsters, need also be explored. We present a 27yrs old primigravida who duly attended antenatal care in the zonal hospital Bori, was booked for an elective caesarian section at 38 weeks of gestation for cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD),but she went to a church where during prayers and deliverance it was prophesied that she would deliver like the ‘Hebrew women’. She remained in labor at a mission home for 3 days. She had an intrauterine fetal death and subsequently died on arrival at the hospital.
Combinatorial Nutraceutical Supplement Pill (CNSP) activates naïve adult telomerase positive stem cells in-situ to heal cardiomyopathies
Authors: Henry E. Young
Published: August 2023

Thirty percent of all deaths worldwide can be attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction is due to one or more blocked coronary vessels. Following a myocardial infarction, the damaged myocardium is often replaced with non-functional scar tissue, resulting in heart failure. The prognosis of patients with heart failure is poor, with failure rates approaching 50%. Lack of blood flow is a major contributor. Multiple strategies have been developed to restore blood flow to the damaged myocardium. These strategies include pharmacological treatments, reopening the blockage with stents, bypassing the blockage with coronary arterial bypass grafts, and/or forming new blood vessels with stem cells. Since none of these strategies have proved to be permanent fixes, ex vivo activated adult telomerase-positive stem cells (aTPSCs) were examined to restore the damaged myocardium and vasculature of the heart. Individuals with cardiac outputs >25% were treated with ex vivo activated aTPSCs. Following treatment, cardiac output increased from 20-45% for 12+ years in these individuals. These results suggest that ex vivo activated aTPSCs are a viable option for the treatment of individuals with cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, some individuals with cardiac outputs at or below 10% are too fragile to undergo the ex vivo activated aTPSC procedures. Therefore, a nutraceutical formulation (CNSP) was developed to activate the aTPSCs in-situ for cardiac repair. In an individual with a cardiac output of less than 10%, cardiac output increased by 25% following six months ingestion of CNSP. And increased cardiac output of 10-15% occurred after an additional 12-36+ months of CNSP.
Effect of empowerment program on the quality of life of the elderly cancer patients’ caregiver: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Arya Wasmani  , Mozhgan Rahnama  , Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad  , Hajar Noorisanchooli
Published: August 2023

Cancer patients and their family face challenges in their quality of life (QoL). Families have an important role in health care programs for their patients. This study evaluates the family-centered trainings on the QoL of the family caregivers of elderly cancer patients. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 30 caregivers of elderly cancer patients who randomly divided into control and experiment groups (n=15 per group). Data was collected using a demographic and the Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer (CQOLC) scale. The intervention was carried out as an individual education in two one-hour sessions. Six weeks after the intervention, the quality of life (QoL) was remeasured in the groups. ANCOVA and Bonferroni tests showed a statistically significant difference in the mean score of the QOL between the experiment (60.53±15.99) and the control groups (68.07±18.49) in the post-test (P <0.001). The family-centered intervention is beneficial in enhancing the QoL of caregivers of the elderly cancer patients. Consequently, providing educational programs can be an effective method and essential for improving the clients’ QoL.
The international year of millets 2023: A multi-dimensional opportunity for India
Authors: Aruna kumar Panigrahy  , Minakshi Padhi
Published: August 2023

Millets are very significant part of Indian agriculture and the oldest crop known to humankind. These food grains are the most beneficial for health, since they are gluten-free and good for the digestive system as well as protect us from various diseases. Ayurveda describes millets under kudhany varga with their various properties. Millets are hardy grains that prosper in semi-arid climates. The majority of cultivars have higher iron contents than both rice and wheat and offer more protein than rice. Despite the long tradition of millet intake in India, between 1972-1973 and 2004-2005, consumption of pearl millet or Bajra fell by 67 per cent in urban areas and by 59 per cent in rural ones. Study found that Jowar, bajra, maize, and ragi provided 23 per cent of India`s grain needs in 1983 but only 6 per cent in 2011. Millets are known to be rich of iron, low glycaemic index, high protein and mineral content along with other nutrients that may help to protect and prevent health by behaving as a regular diet supplement. Enhancing its production, we can achieve multidimensional benefit. it may play a game changer for farmers economy along with a substitute for food security. Government have continued some projects to popularise millets intake as a substitute food and addressing millet as Srianna.
A Systematic Review of SCRUM in Software Development
Authors: Wonohardjo Eduard Pangestu , Sunaryo Rizky Febriyanto , Sudiyono Yusuf
Published: August 2023

Scrum is a part of agile software development which also called incremental software development model. Scrum methodology commonly used to overcome uncertain condition and tight deadline. Scrum consists of three roles, they are product owner, development team, and scrum master. Scrum can be implemented on many areas such as development of education mobile application, integration of document management system, strengthen IT development centers, and many others. The successful of Scrum implementation depends on the skill and knowledge of the team members. The Scrum also has several risk factors and therefore needs risk management approaches. A comparison between agile and waterfall model is also discussed. The Scrum performance can also be tested with certain ways.Â  Scrum used to make sure that all parts of the software can be delivered on time. The other benefits, scrum can make creative and productive workplace, and scrum can also increase business value.
Main problems and proposed solutions for improving Template Matching
Authors: Aznag Khalid , Oirrak Ahmed El , Bachari Essaid El
Published: August 2023

In this work we discuss the problems of template matching and we propose some solutions.Â  Those problems are: 1) Template and image of search differ by a scale, 2) Template or image of search is object of rotation, 3) Template or image of search is object of an affinity. The well known method is NCC (Normalized Cross Correlation); this method can not handle scale, rotation, affinity or occlusion. Also the NCC is not preferred for binary image. So we propose here to use index similarity for example Jaccard index.
HOME IN THE POETRY OF SAUDI ARABIA POETS: KHALID AL-FAISAL AN EXAMPLE OF A DISTINGUISHED ARAB (2)
Authors: Dahami Yahya Saleh Hasan
Published: August 2023

It is well known that when a philosopher articulates his or her love for and affiliation with the homeland, he or she may represent the great homeland through a limited part of this homeland. It is worth noting that Makkah Al-Mukarramah is simply a small, light representation of the great homeland, which embraces Makkah Al-Mukarramah like the heart of the body. Consequently, through the striking poem "Umm Al-Gura" by Khalid Al-Faisal, the researcher wishes to highlight the poet's knowledge while also illustrating his love for his vast landscape, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researcher, on the other hand, attempts to examine the poet's talent through the use of poetic images and symbols in his poem. The study begins with a brief introduction, followed by a prevue examination of Saudi poetry then a glance at the significance of Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The study's main focus is on the Saudi poet Khalid Al-Faisal with reference to some verse lines of his poem Umm Al-Gura (ام القرى). The study implements a critical-analytical method, keeping in mind the concept of home as its primary concern. A brief discussion and conclusion to the analysis are then given.
MEASUREMENT OF PHASE AND AMPLITUDE NOISE OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE. CALIBRATION. RESULTS
Authors:   UralFederalUniversity named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin,  Ekaterinburg, Russia., Luchinin A.S. , Malygin I.V. ,   UralFederalUniversity named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin,  Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Published: August 2023

The application of the frequency detector method for measuring the phase noise spectrum of semiconductor lasers has been experimentally demonstrated. The frequency detector is based on an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a photodetector. Analytical relations are obtained that allow one to choose the parameters of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and perform experimental calibration of the measuring system. A technique is proposed for measuring the spectral components of the phase noise of lasers in the presence of a slow drift of the delay in fiber-optic lines and the frequency of the laser under study. The results of measuring the phase noise of a low-noise DX-1 laser module and high-noise laser diodes LSDLD155 (DFB) and LSFLD155 (FP) are presented. A strong correlation between the amplitude and phase noise levels of these lasers is found. The decisive influence of the noise of LSDLD155 and LSFLD155 lasers on the level of phase noise of optoelectronic (OE) microwave generators built using them is shown. It has been suggested that the low-noise laser module DX-1, which has a phase noise level 20–60 dB lower (in different parts of the spectrum), is not decisive in the level of phase and amplitude noise of an optoelectronic microwave generator. The investigated OE generator was built during the research in this work. The generator has low phase noise: −120 dBc/Hz at a frequency detuning of 10 kHz. Oscillation frequency 6.8 GHz; fiber optic delay line length 200 m.
Social factors influencing students’ reading habits
Authors:   Education Studies, Ariel University, POB 3, Kiryat Hamada, Ariel, Israel 40700, Israel, Davidovitch Nitza
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Aim. The study aims to analyze the social factors influencing the students' reading habits: The educational sphere, academic performance, the availability of free time, their parent’s level of education and the number of children in the family. Methods. Psychological and pedagogical literature was analyzed, and the main concepts of the study were revealed, a survey of students was conducted to determine social factors and the degree of their influence on reading habits. Results and conclusion. The study found that reading habits are developed in childhood under the influence of significant adults, primarily parents and secondary teachers, and the education of parents play an important role. The study also found that reading habits and academic performance are closely related, and people who maintain consistent reading habits tend to achieve high levels of educational success. Additionally, crises have a significant impact on the changes in the number of books read and digital literacy, which considerably increased. However, most respondents stated that they depend on external factors. Therefore, there is a need to look for methods for developing the reading habits of modern students. Cognitive value. The cognitive value of this research lies in its ability to shed light on how reading habits are formed and how they affect academic performance. This research contributes to understanding the social factors shaping reading habits. The findings are relevant to educators and parents, who can use them to develop strategies to promote reading habits.
Malformación linfática quística gigante del hígado: dos casos pediátricos con diferente abordaje quirúrgico
Authors: Villamil-Martínez Ramón , Ramírez-Guirado Alejandro , Betancourt-Berriz Daniela , Alfonso-González Beatriz
Published: August 2023

Introducción. Las malformaciones linfáticas quísticas, también llamadas linfangiomas quísticos, aparecen muy raramente de forma aislada en el hígado.
Casos clínicos. Se presentan dos pacientes femeninas de edad preescolar con marcada hepatomegalia, dependiente de lesiones quísticas multitabicadas, secundarias a malformación linfática quística gigante del hígado, que fueron tratadas en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler, La Habana, Cuba.
Resultados. En ambos casos el diagnóstico se apoyó en los estudios de imágenes, la laparoscopia y el análisis histopatológico. En un caso el tratamiento fue la hepatectomía derecha, mientras que en el otro se empleó la escleroterapia, ambas con evolución favorable.
Conclusión. A pesar de su rareza, este diagnóstico no debe obviarse ante un paciente pediátrico con lesiones hepáticas quísticas. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica, pero su indicación y envergadura debe valorarse de forma individualizada.
Avaliação das potenciais interações de medicamentos orais prescritos em uma unidade de transplante renal e hepático
Authors: SOUSA Glaydiane Alves , RODRIGUES Beatriz Ferreira , MELO Deise Talyse , SOUSA João Antonio , OLIVEIRA Lizandra Máximo , MESQUITA Ricardo Fernandes , OLIVEIRA Alene Barros
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Identificar, quantificar e classificar, de acordo com o grau de gravidade, as interações medicamentosas potenciais (IMP) presentes nas prescrições de medicamentos orais de pacientes internados em unidade de transplante. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo e retrospectivo realizado a partir das prescrições de pacientes internados em uma unidade de transplante renal e hepático. Onde foram coletados dados de 831 prescrições e deste total, selecionadas 223, as quais foram submetidas ao rastreamento de possíveis interações do tipo medicamento-medicamento pela ferramenta online Micromedex®. Resultados: As prescrições selecionadas apresentaram entre 1 e 21 medicamentos (média de 8 ± 4), sendo identificadas 216 interações medicamentosas potenciais; deste total, foram encontrados os seguintes resultados quanto à gravidade desses potenciais eventos: maior (62,03 %), moderada (31,94 %) e menor (6,01%). Através da análise realizada, um total de 66,66% (n=46) dos pacientes avaliados, apresentou potenciais interações medicamentosas em suas prescrições, com média de 3,13 IMP por paciente. Foi possível observar que mais de 50% dos pacientes obtiveram interações medicamentosas potenciais em suas prescrições, dentre as quais os imunossupressores foram envolvidos em 49,52% do total de interações. Conclusão: Foi possível observar que a alta frequência das interações medicamentosas potenciais nos pacientes transplantados ocorre possivelmente devido a quantidade de medicamentos prescritos concomitantemente, em razão das diversas comorbidades que estes pacientes apresentam, pois quanto maior o número de fármacos prescritos, maior a probabilidade de haver este tipo de interação. As IMP mais presentes foram de gravidade maior, o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento do paciente para a tomada de decisão adequada pelo corpo clínico promovendo segurança ao paciente.
Literature Review : Hubungan Nilai Laju Endap Darah dengan Kadar C- Reaktif Protein pada Pasien Positif SARS COV 2 Dengan Gejala
Authors: Kresnayanto Teguh Andhika , Irfani Farida Noor , Shafriani Nazula Rahma
Published: August 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19 merupakan penyakit pneumonia jenis baru yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Terdapat berbagai macam pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk membantu penegakkan diagnosis infeksi ini antara lain C-Reaktif Protein (CRP) dan Laju Endap Darah (LED). Kedua pemeriksaan ini sering digunakan untuk menilai respon inflamasi sistemik dan memonitoring kondisi pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan CRP dan LED pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Literature Review yang bersumber pada artikel dalam database PubMed dan Google scholar. Data diolah menggunakan SPSS dengan uji korelasi metode spearmen. Hasil didapatkan pada jurnal ke- 1 nilai rerata CRP dan LED masing-masing 26,5 mm/L dan LED 32,90 mm/jam dengan  r = 0,94 yang menunjukan adanya korelasi. Pada jurnal ke-2, nilai rerata CRP 34,24 mm/L dan LED 53,60 mm/jam dengan r = -0,232 menunjukan tidak adanya korelasi. Pada jurnal ke-3, nilai rerata CRP 45,20 mm/L dan LED 29,60 mm/jam memiliki nilai r = 0,659 menunjukan adanya korelasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan  terdapat hubungan positif dan searah pada pemeriksaan kadar CRP dan LED pada pasien COVID-19. Hasil yang menyatakan tidak ada hubungan CRP dan LED dapat disebabkan karena nilai korelasi menunjukkan ke arah negatif.
أثر التغير في مؤشرات تكرار العواصف الترابية (ساعة/يوم) على عدد المصابين بمرض الربو في محافظة واسط
Authors: حنان هادي حميد  , أ.د. ناصر والي فريح الركابي
Published: August 2023

تهدف الدراسة التعرف على واقع اتجاه مؤشرات تكرار العواصف الترابية (ساعة/يوم) وبيان أثرها على عدد المصابين بمرض الربو في محافظة واسط، من خلال معرفة اتجاه العام لتكرار العواصف الترابية (ساعة/يوم) من خلال الاعتماد على سلسلة من البيانات الاحصائية للمحطات ( الحي_ الكوت_ بدرة_ العزيزية)، وبيان أثرها على المصابين بمرض الربو لجميع أقضية محافظة واسط، من خلال الاعتماد على الاحصائية ما بين تكرار العواصف الترابية (ساعة/يوم) والمرض باستخدام برنامج spss . وقد أظهرت الدراسة أنّ اتجاه العام لمعدل تكرار العواصف الترابية (ساعة/يوم)  يتجه نحو الارتفاع في جميع محطات منطقة الدراسة فهو خير دليل بإنذار الواضح لظاهرة الجفاف في محافظة واسط
الأشكال الأرضية في حوض وادي كَردة سور في محافظة أربيل
Authors: جيهان عبود شوشي  , أ.د إسحق صالح العكام
Published: August 2023

المستخلص

       يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الأشكال الأرضية في حوض وادي كردة سور جنوب محافظة أربيل-العراق، وتوصلت الدراسة أنﹼ العمليات الجيومورفولوجية منها التعرية المائية تنشط بشكل كبيرفي مناطق أقدام الجبال، وخاصة في المناطق ذات التكوين الصخري الهش، والذي يظهر بشكل واضح في تكوينات منطقة الدراسة، والذي نستنتج منه نشاط حركة المواد مع مرور الزمن، وترتبط سرعتها تلك مع نوعية التركيب الصخري وكون الصخور الهشة سرعان ما تحدث فيها حركة المواد، ايضا يظهر تقدما واضحا بالتعرية المائية على التعرية الريحية، وصُنفت الأشكال الأرضية في حوض منطقة الدراسة إلى خمس وحدات جيومورفولوجية مختلفة تمثلت بـ (أشكال ذات أصل بنيوي-تعروي، وأشكال ذات أصل تعروي مائي ومن ابرز مظاهرها هي الأراضي الرديئة، أشكال ذات أصل إرسابي، أشكال أرضية ناتجة عن الإذابة الكارستية، وأخيرا أشكال أرضية ناتجة عن حركة المواد.
الهناء النفسي لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: حسن محمد احمد , أ.م.د. مالك فضيل عبد الله
Published: August 2023

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على درجة الهناء النفسي لدى طلبة الجامعة, وحُدد مجتمع البحث الحالي بطلبة جامعة واسط للدراسات الصباحية للعام الدراسي (2021-2022) والبالغ عددهم (16485) بواقع (9805) طالب وطالبة من التخصصات العلمية و(6680) طالب وطالبة من التخصصات الإنسانية , وقد اشتملت عينة البحث على (400) طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة واسط , وبعد اطلاع الباحث على الأدبيات والدراسات السابقة اعد الباحث مقياس الهناء النفسي والمكون من (40) فقرة , وتم إيجاد الخصائص السيكومترية المتمثلة بالصدق الظاهري ومؤشرات صدق البناء , وتم الاعتماد على عينة عددها (40) طالب وطالبة لإيجاد الثبات بطريقتي (الاختبار وإعادة الاختبار , وألفا كرونباخ) وحللت البيانات إحصائيا باستعمال الحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) وأظهرت النتائج ما يأتي: إن طلبة جامعة واسط يتمتعون بقدر جيد من الهناء النفسي, وفي ضوء النتائج وضع الباحث مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات
Effects of Exercise on Structural and Functional Brain Patterns in Schizophrenia – Data from a Multicenter Randomized-controlled Study
Authors: Roell Lukas
Published: August 2023

Background and Hypothesis: Aerobic exercise interventions in people with schizophrenia have been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes, but findings regarding the underlying neural mechanisms are limited and mainly focus on the hippocampal formation. Therefore, we conducted a global exploratory analysis of structural and functional neural adaptations after exercise and explored their clinical implications.Study Design: In this randomized-controlled trial, structural and functional MRI data were available for 91 patients with schizophrenia who performed either aerobic exercise on a bicycle ergometer or underwent a flexibility, strengthening and balance training as control group. We analyzed clinical and neuroimaging data before and after six months of regular exercise. Bayesian linear mixed models and Bayesian logistic regressions were calculated to evaluate effects of exercise on multiple neural outcomes and their potential clinical relevance.Study Results: Our results indicated that aerobic exercise in people with schizophrenia led to structural and functional adaptations mainly within the default-mode network, the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical loop, and the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway. We further observed that volume increases in the right posterior cingulate gyrus as a central node of the default-mode network were linked to improvements in disorder severity.Conclusions: These exploratory findings suggest a positive impact of aerobic exercise on three cerebral networks that are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Using Fuzzy Measure Algorithms for EMG analysis
Authors: Ni Luke
Published: August 2023

No Abstract and Draft Available
Meta-Analysis of Social Science Research: A Practitioner’s Guide
Authors: Irsova Zuzana , Doucouliagos Chris , Havranek Tomas , Stanley T D
Published: August 2023

This paper provides concise, nontechnical, step-by-step guidelines on how to conduct a modern meta-analysis, especially in social sciences. We treat publication bias, p-hacking, and heterogeneity as phenomena meta-analysts must always confront. To this end, we provide concrete methodological recommendations. Meta-analysis methods have advanced notably over the last few years. Yet many meta-analyses still rely on outdated approaches, some ignoring publication bias and systematic heterogeneity. While limitations persist, recently developed techniques allow robust inference even in the face of formidable problems in the underlying empirical literature. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the state of the art in a way accessible to aspiring meta-analysts in any field. We also discuss how meta-analysts can use advances in artificial intelligence to work more efficiently.
Use one system for all results to avoid contradiction: Advice for using significance tests, equivalence tests, and Bayes factors
Authors: Dienes Zoltan
Published: August 2023

A non-significant result against an H0 of no effect does not distinguish evidence for no effect from no evidence at all one way or the other. Thus, a researcher engaged primarily in significance testing may decide to follow up just the non-significant results with a test from another system of inference, such as equivalence tests (more generally, inference by intervals) or Bayes factors. However, selectively using two systems of inference in this way, can lead to inferential inconsistency because different tests are based on different principles, and therefore a researcher can be tempted to select the way each system is used to get the results the researcher wants for just the tests that system is applied to. For a related set of tests, one system of inference should be consistently used.
Collective Predictive Coding Hypothesis: Symbol Emergence as Decentralized Bayesian Inference
Authors: Taniguchi Tadahiro
Published: August 2023

Understanding the emergence of symbol systems, especially language, requires the construction of a computational model that reproduces both the developmental learning process in everyday life and the evolutionary dynamics of symbol emergence throughout history. This study introduces the collective predictive coding (CPC) hypothesis, which emphasizes and models the interdependence between forming internal representations through physical interactions with the environment and sharing and utilizing meanings through social semiotic interactions within a symbol emergence system. The total system dynamics is theorized from the perspective of {\it predictive coding}. The hypothesis draws inspiration from computational studies grounded in probabilistic generative models and language games, including the Metropolis--Hastings naming game. Thus, playing such games among agents in a distributed manner can be interpreted as a decentralized Bayesian inference of representations shared by a multi-agent system. Moreover, this study explores the potential link between the CPC hypothesis and the free-energy principle, positing that symbol emergence adheres to the society-wide free-energy principle. Furthermore, this paper provides a new explanation for why large language models appear to possess knowledge about the world based on experience, even though they have neither sensory organs nor bodies.This paper reviews past approaches to symbol emergence systems, offers a comprehensive survey of related prior studies, and presents a discussion on CPC-based generalizations. Future challenges and potential cross-disciplinary research avenues are highlighted.
A Conceptual Framework of Effort and Perception of Effort
Authors: Halperin Israel , Vigotsky Andrew David
Published: August 2023

Effort and the perception of effort have been extensively studied across multiple disciplines, resulting in disparate definitions across the literature. Inconsistencies in definitions impede scientific progress by blocking effective communication between and within disciplines. Here, we introduce a resource-based framework that comprehensively defines and connects effort and perception of effort, and provide a detailed analysis of these constructs. We define effort in a way that applies to all biological entities, voluntary and involuntary actions, and successful and unsuccessful actions. We define perception of effort such that it builds on our definition of effort without conflating it with other experiences. Our definition of perception of effort also aligns with various explanations regarding its proposed functions and mechanistic underpinnings. We explore the latent nature of these constructs, their employment as independent and dependent variables, and their associations. Our framework also seeks to bridge the gap between cognitive and physical effort and perception of effort, which have been primarily developed in isolation. We anticipate that our framework will facilitate a deeper understanding of these constructs, refine research methodologies and promote interdisciplinary collaborations.
Temporal Memory for Threatening Events Encoded in a Haunted House
Authors: Cliver Katelyn G. , Gregory David F. , Martinez Stevent A , Mitchell William John , Stasiak Joanne , Reisman Samantha , Helion Chelsea , Murty Vishnu P.
Published: August 2023

Despite the salient experience of encoding emotional events, memories of threatening events are prone to distortions and often non-veridical from encoding to recall. Further, threat states have been shown to preferentially disrupt the binding of item-context relationships and enhance goal-relevant information. While extensive work has characterized distinctive features of emotional memory, research has not fully explored the influence of threat on temporal memory, a process putatively supported by the binding of event features into a temporal context. Two primary competing hypotheses have been proposed; that threat can either impair or enhance temporal memory. We analyzed two datasets to assess temporal memory for an in-person haunted house experience. In study 1 (n = 47), we examined temporal structure of memory by characterizing memory contiguity in free recall as a function of individual levels of physiological arousal as a proxy of threat. In study 2 (n = 53), we replicated marginal findings of threat-related increases in memory contiguity found in study 1 and extended these findings by showing threat-related increases in recency discriminations, an explicit test of temporal order memory. Together, these findings demonstrate that threat experience enhances temporal memory both in terms of free recall structure and during explicit memory judgments.
Trial-level ERPs predicted behavioral responses in a Self-Referent Encoding Task in late childhood
Authors: Liu Pan , Yang Xiao , Tan Jaron Xe Yung
Published: August 2023

Self-referential information is uniquely salient and preferentially processed even in children. The literature has used the Self-Referent Encoding Task (SRET) combined with ERPs to study self-referential processing and its associations with youth psychopathology. However, it is unclear how the ERP and behavioral indices of SRET are associated with each other, although this knowledge can promote our mechanistic understanding of this construct and its role in psychopathology. We examined this question in 115 9-12-year-old children, a critical period for the development of self-related concepts. By applying a multi-level modeling approach to the trial-level data of SRET, we disaggregated the between- and within-person variability and observed within-person, but not between-person, effects of the P2 and late positive potential (LPP) on behavioral responses: a larger P2 on a given trial predicted a faster response in this trial; a larger LPP on a given trial predicted a higher likelihood of endorsing the word of this trial. We provided novel evidence on how the within-person variability of the ERPs predicted the overt responses of the SRET in children. These findings inform our mechanistic knowledge of self-referential processing and shed light on a better understanding of the role of self-referential processing in the development of psychopathology.
Promoting erroneous divergent opinions increases the wisdom of crowds
Authors: Barrera-Lemarchand Federico , Balenzuela Pablo , Bahrami Bahador , Deroy Ophelia , Navajas Joaquin
Published: August 2023

The aggregation of many lay judgements generates surprisingly accurate estimates. This phenomenon, called the “wisdom of crowds”, has been demonstrated in domains such as medical decision making and financial forecasting. Previous research identified two factors driving this effect: the accuracy of individual assessments and the diversity of opinions. Most available strategies to enhance the wisdom of crowds have focused on improving individual accuracy while neglecting the potential of increasing opinion diversity. Here, we study a complementary approach to reduce collective error by promoting erroneous divergent opinions. This strategy proposes to anchor half of the crowd to a small value and the other half to a large value before eliciting and averaging all estimates. Consistent with our mathematical modeling, four experiments (N=1362 adults) demonstrate that this method is effective for estimation and forecasting tasks. Beyond practical implications, these findings offer new theoretical insights into the epistemic value of collective decision making.
From allochronism to generationality: Ageism in queer communities in Belgium
Authors: De Graeve Katrien , Rahbari Ladan , Looman Nika
Published: August 2023

This paper looks into ageist and generationalist assumptions that penetrate queer spatiotemporal imageries and explore how to resist oppressive temporalities. It draws on fieldwork in a queer advocacy group and qualitative interviews with trans-, lesbian-, and women-identifying participants in Belgium to explore notions of age and ageism in queer communities. The research searches for more complex notions of generationality that complicate the idea of horizontal generations or waves succeeding each other in progressive time. We address the conflicts and dissimilarities across the generational divide to question and trouble the viability of allochronic categorizations in feminist queer movements.
Understanding the Triple Helix Model and Capitalization of Knowledge
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj , Ulak Nimesh
Published: August 2023

This paper is a preliminary study of the Triple Helix (TH) Model that focuses on understanding the model from different perspectives following secondary research. The methodology used in this study is exploratory and descriptive in nature. Narrative review of previous literatures has been followed to understand the Triple Helix Model. Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff propounded a theory known as Triple Helix in connection with industry, university and government which has become a research hub. The Triple Helix is a spiral model of innovation that captures multiple reciprocal relationships at different points in the process of knowledge capitalization. Therefore, this is going to be popular not only in developed countries but also gradually becoming popular in developing countries. The question comes what is Triple Helix Model? What does the model reflects in the academia? The objective of this study is to understand Triple Helix Model on one side and the evolution of this model including its features on the other. This study examines how the Triple Helix Model has been popularized in the field of academia, industry, and government by focusing on knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurship through education. This paper includes introduction, methodology, evolution of the Triple Helix Model, routes of the Triple Helix, knowledge production, knowledge and technology transfer, knowledge industries, capitalization of knowledge and innovation, the network society, collaboration, Triple Helix and academia, teaching, learning, and future universities. The Triple Helix Model is a neo-evolutionary model of possible synergies between functions such as wealth creation, knowledge production and government regulations, which are the three helixes.
International Migration in Nepal: Rates, Drivers and Impacts
Authors: Khatiwada Padma Prasad
Published: August 2023

Migration is the process of change in usual place of residence which is taking place both as internal and international having diverse short-term and long-term outcomes. This paper explores these outcomes by analyzing mainly the international migration rates and drivers in Nepal. Using the secondary sources of data, this paper first gives an account on how migration rate is calculated which is a rigorous process and for which authentic data are needed by utilizing the verified sources of data. The paper then highlights the social, demographic, economic, environmental and political drivers of migration. Some drivers primarily influence migration decision-making in the areas of origin while others influence them to pursue for betterment of life. Some more push and pull factors, mainly the disasters and conflicts as 'push' and growing student migration as 'pull' have also drawn a larger and growing attention of policy makers. Nepal being one of the labour sending countries to Malaysia and gulf countries makes its almost one-third of the economy through remittance. Problems related to livelihood and quest for life have been the usual phenomena which are analyzed in this article as drivers. The paper concludes that there is no association between the types of migration drivers and their impacts. Whatever the drivers are, Nepali people migrate to access improved economic and employment opportunities.
Outcomes of Reservation Policy Implementation in Armed Police Force, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Magar Ananda , Katel Bibhuti
Published: August 2023

Nepal adopted the reservation policy with the motive to ensure the participation of women and marginalized groups through the Interim Constitution, 2007 and the Constitution of Nepal 2015. APF, Nepal has adopted the reservation system in the recruitment process as a government institution. However, it is necessary to understand the outcome of the reservation on its overall recruitment policy, which this article has tried to explore. This article adopted an analytical approach based on both primary and secondary sources of data. In Nepal, due to its social structure, diversity, and historical marginalization, reservation ensures equal participation, provides opportunities for socio-economic development, and represents marginalized communities. The reservation policy has been instrumental in making the APF in Nepal an inclusive force. The findings suggested that APF, Nepal should develop a time-bound reservation policy and revise it at regular intervals. The study did not find instances where the APF was forced to recruit incompetent personnel due to the reservation policy. On the contrary, reservists have performed well, with some even receiving national recognition for their contributions. Regular reviews of the policy are recommended to enhance the effectiveness of reservation policies in the future. Additionally, community upliftment through development programs focused on education and reservations based on economic capabilities were identified.
Effective Management Style for Resolving Academic and Non-Academic Conflicts in University Colleges in Kathmandu
Authors: Chaudhary Rajeshwer Prasad
Published: August 2023

This article investigates effective management approaches for resolving academic and non-academic conflicts in education. The objective of the study is to identify and examine strategies that promote successful conflict resolution in educational settings. A quantitative research design was employed, combining quantitative data from educators, administrators, and stakeholders. Findings revealed a range of conflicts, including those related to curriculum, interpersonal relationships, power dynamics, and resource allocation. Various management approaches were identified, such as open communication, mediation and negotiation techniques, feelings building, and the establishment of conflict resolution mechanisms and policies. Participants reported positive outcomes when these approaches were applied, including improved collaboration, enhanced student engagement, and a more harmonious educational environment. The findings provide valuable insights for educational practitioners and administrators seeking to foster productive and inclusive learning environments. By implementing effective management approaches, collaborating can handle conflicts, promote collaboration, and enhance overall educational outcomes. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects and sustainability of these conflict resolution strategies.
Reception of Law: Special Reference to Nepal
Authors: Mishra Bijaya Prasad
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
A Historical Glimpse of Constitutional Amendment in Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Surendra
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Public nuisance for private persons
Authors: Dagan Hanoch , Dorfman Avihay
Published: August 2023

The public nuisance tort is now in a critical stage of development, mostly in the United States but also in other jurisdictions, including civil law systems. It is becoming ever more consequential in practice and, at the same time, widely misunderstood by courts and scholars. Our ambition is to defend a private law theory of public nuisance. Contrary to the view that the underlying rights protected by this tort contrast with private rights (say, to bodily integrity), we argue that these public rights are private rights like any other right in the law of torts since they protect private persons taken severally. And, yet, these private rights are also distinctively public in the sense that they protect the interests of private persons to use and enjoy the public sphere. In that, public nuisance imposes not merely ex post liability for undermining these interests but also, first and foremost, constructs a liberal public sphere. Our case for public nuisance shows that private law extends beyond the private sphere to capture entitlements and responsibilities that do not arise from, or attach to, ownership of land; it also resists the reduction of private law to rights of action and ex post determination of liabilities. More concretely, our reconstruction of public nuisance solves two key doctrinal challenges that the tort struggles with – concerning the standing to sue in public nuisance and the economic loss rule – and it also refines the potentially significant role of this tort in addressing the urgent threat posed by climate change.
Explainability and the Epistemic Division of Labour in Adjudication
Authors: Chiao Vincent , Heslop Martin
Published: August 2023

The ‘black box’ quality of contemporary algorithmic tools raises concerns related to their use in court because of the law’s emphasis on explanations, transparency, and public reasons. We argue that the problems of explainability associated with contemporary algorithmic tools are, from a legal perspective, neither sui generis nor irreconcilable with existing norms. We distinguish between the types of explanations required by fact-finders and those required from judges. We conclude that apparent tensions can be reconciled by attending to the epistemic division of labour between the legal and scientific communities, contextualizing expert evidence appropriately, and distinguishing between explanation as reconstruction and as justification.
Contractual Howlers: A Russian Bond Case Study
Authors: Scott Robert E , Choi Stephen J , Gulati Mitu
Published: August 2023

Both theorists and courts commonly assume that high-dollar financial contracts between sophisticated parties are free of linguistic errors: sophisticated parties, the thinking goes, will carefully express their shared intentions and eliminate any troublesome gaps and glitches. Consistent with this assumption, most courts interpret the language of commercial contracts literally according to the plain or ordinary meaning of the words in the agreement. An examination of contracts governing Russian bonds outstanding in 2022, however, reveals a large number of potentially troublesome contractual gaps and glitches. We refer to these linguistic irregularities as ‘howlers’ in order to highlight the significant litigation risks they create. In this article, we use interviews with market participants to assess the causes of the contractual howlers we observe in the Russian bonds. The presence of howlers undermines the core assumption that justifies the literal interpretive approach used by courts for contracts between sophisticated parties.
Problems with Probability
Authors: Casey Anthony J , Niblett Anthony
Published: August 2023

Some countries have explored the idea of using artificial intelligence (AI) systems to help triage the backlog of cases and facilitate the resolution of civil disputes. In theory, AI can accomplish this by establishing the facts of cases and predicting the outcomes of disputes. But the use of AI in the courtroom gives rise to new problems. AI technologies help solve prediction problems. These solutions are typically expressed as probabilities. How should judges incorporate these predictions in their decision making? There is no obviously correct approach for converting probabilistic predictions of legal outcomes into binary legal decisions. Any approach that does so has benefits and drawbacks. Importantly, a balance of probabilities approach – where liability is established if the AI predicts a likelihood of liability greater than 50 per cent and not otherwise – is not suitable when converting a predicted outcome into an actual outcome. Adopting this approach would significantly alter the outcomes of legal cases and have a dramatic and disruptive effect upon the law. The most notable disruption would be observed in settlement behaviour and outcomes.