bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Application of Autoregressive Extreme Value Theory to Cryptocurrencies
Authors: KOO CHUN KWONG , SEMEYUTIN ARTUR , MARCO LAU CHI KEUNG , FU JIAN
Published: July 2020

We study the tails’ behavior of four major Cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum and Ripple) by employing the Autoregressive Fr´echet model for conditional maxima. Using five-minute-high-frequency data, we report time-evolving tails as well as provide a straightforward measure of tails asymmetry for positive and negative intra-day returns. We find that only Bitcoin has a notable more massive tail for positive returns asymmetry while the remaining three Cryptocurrencies have a general tendency towards more massive negative intra-day tails. All considered Cryptocurrencies depict lighter tails as the market matures.
Reflection of Longitudinal Wave in the Micropolar Elasticity with Voids
Authors: Lianngenga R. , Lalvohbika J. , Tochhawng Lalawmpuia , Lalduhawma L. P. , Zadeng Denghmingliani
Published: July 2020

By considering no more interaction between wryness tensor and change in voids volume fraction in the materials, the reflection problem of plane longitudinal waves at a free boundary of micropolar elastic materials with voids has been investigated. We have obtained the amplitude and energy ratios of reflected waves for the incident longitudinal wave by using appropriate boundary conditions. The effect of void parameters in the nondimensional wavenumber, amplitude and energy ratios are computed numerically for the particular material’s model.
Analysis of a mutualism model with time-related coefficients in a stochastic environment
Authors: Luo Jun Wei , Li Mei , Liu Kai , Guan Rui
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a mutualism model with stochastic perturbations is considered and some of its coefficients are related to time. Under some assumptions, we make efforts to prove the existence and uniqueness of a positive solution, and the asymptotic behavior to the problem is discussed. Furthermore, we also prove the properties of stochastic boundedness, uniform continuity and stochastic permanence of this system. At last, some numerical simulations are introduced to illustrate our main results.
On the sum of the generalized distance eigenvalues of graphs
Authors: Ganie Hilal A. , Alhevaz Abdollah , Baghipur Maryam
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the generalized distance matrix [Formula: see text] assigned to simple connected graph [Formula: see text], which is the convex combinations of Tr[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and defined as [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and Tr[Formula: see text] denote the distance matrix and diagonal matrix of the vertex transmissions of a simple connected graph [Formula: see text], respectively. Denote with [Formula: see text], the generalized distance eigenvalues of [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be, respectively, the sum of [Formula: see text]-largest generalized distance eigenvalues and the sum of [Formula: see text]-smallest generalized distance eigenvalues of [Formula: see text]. We obtain bounds for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in terms of the order [Formula: see text], the Wiener index [Formula: see text] and parameter [Formula: see text]. For a graph [Formula: see text] of diameter 2, we establish a relationship between the [Formula: see text] and the sum of [Formula: see text]-largest generalized adjacency eigenvalues of the complement [Formula: see text]. We characterize the connected bipartite graph and the connected graphs with given independence number that attains the minimum value for [Formula: see text]. We also obtain some bounds for the graph invariants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Dynamic Offloading of Web Application Execution Using Snapshot
Authors: Jeong Hyuk-Jin , Jeong Inchang , Moon Soo-Mook
Published: July 2020

Mobile web platforms are facing new demands for emerging applications, such as machine learning or augmented reality, which require significant computing powers beyond that of current mobile hardware.
Computation offloading
can accelerate these apps by offloading the computation-intensive parts of an app from a client to a powerful server. Unfortunately, previous studies of offloading in the field of web apps have a limitation for the offloading target code or require complex user annotations, hindering the widespread use of offloading in web apps. This article proposes a novel offloading system for web apps, which can simplify the offloading process by sending and receiving the execution state of a running web app in the form of another web app called the
snapshot
. Since running the snapshot restores the
whole
app state and continues the execution from the point where it was saved, we can offload regular web app computations that affect the DOM state as well as the JavaScript state, and we do not have to pre-install the app binary at the server. Moreover, the snapshot does not require any annotations to be captured, making computation offloading more transparent to app developers. We qualitatively compared the proposed system with previous approaches in terms of programming difficulty and the scope of offloadable codes. In addition, we implemented the proposed system based on a WebKit browser and evaluated the offloading performance with five computation-intensive web apps. Our system achieved significant speedup (from 1.7 to approximately 9.0) in all of the apps, compared to local execution, which proves the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Overview of assets 2019
Authors: Bigham Jeffrey P. , Azenkot Shiri , Kane Shaun
Published: July 2020

The first article, written by Jeffrey P. Bigham (General Chair), Shiri Azenkot (Program Chair) and Shaun Kane (Program Chair) provides an overview of the ASSETS'19 conference.
Pork Liver Freshness Evaluated through Spoilage Microbiota and a Consumer Test in Shelf Life Extension Experiment
Authors: Silva Rita O. , Rouxinol Margarida I. F. C. , Patarata Luís A. S. C.
Published: July 2020

Pork liver is an affordable product, very much appreciated by some consumers. Packaged pork liver has a short shelf life that can represent an additional cost to the producers. This work aimed to assess the relationship between consumer acceptability, evaluated through both a test made live with photography and samples to be smelled and an internet survey platform based only on photography, and the counts of the main spoilage microorganisms, on pork liver samples stored from the actual end of shelf life (ESL) and two extra days of storage times, ESL + 2 and ESL + 4. The results indicate limited usefulness of microbial counts, once they were generally very similar between accepted and nonaccepted samples, with total viable count below 7 Log CFU/g. Both methodological approaches revealed that there is no margin to extend the shelf life from the three days previously established by the manufacturer. It was observed that pork liver packaged with modified atmosphere had similar evaluations of freshness using internet-based or live test with consumers, with a drop in purchase intention from 87.5% at ESL to 13.2% at ESL + 2, when the assessment was made through the internet-based test. When the test was made live, the purchase intention had the same trend, but the drop was smaller, from 61.5 at ESL to 21.2% at ESL + 2. The purchasing intention was lower when the consumers had the opportunity to smell the samples but considering the decision of defining the end of shelf life based on 50% of consumers accepting, it was similar in almost all the cases.
Colonic Adenocarcinoma at Advanced Stage in Adolescence: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Vundamati Divya S. , Chen Xiuxu , Singh Vivekanand
Published: July 2020

Background. Carcinoma of colon is rare in children and adolescents. The staging criteria of the carcinoma is the same as those for adults. However, the pathogenetic background in pediatric cases is different from adults and usually involves mismatch repair gene mutations or familial polyposis syndromes. Case report. We describe two adolescents diagnosed with advanced stage colon carcinoma and discuss the histological appearance, testing for mismatch repair genes and contrast- it with carcinoma occurring in the setting of familial polyposis syndrome. Conclusion. Colonic carcinoma occurring in pediatric patients should prompt a work-up for mismatch repair gene mutation status. Despite higher stage of presentation, some of the pediatric patients may respond favorably to chemotherapy and surgical resection.
Financial Trading Strategy System Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Yanjun , Liu Kun , Xie Yuantao , Hu Mingyu
Published: July 2020

The long-term and short-term volatilities of financial market, combined with the complex influence of linear and nonlinear information, make the prediction of stock price extremely difficult. This paper breaks away from the traditional research framework of increasing the number of explanatory variables to improve the explanatory ability of multifactor model and provides a new financial trading strategy system by introducing Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm into stock price prediction and by constructing the minimum variance portfolio of mean-variance model with Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) constraint. The new system can capture the nonlinear relationship between pricing factors without specific distributions. The system uses Exclusive Feature Bundling to solve the problem of sparse high-dimensional feature matrix in financial data, so as to improve the ability of predicting stock price, and it can also intuitively screen variables with high impact through the factor importance score. Furthermore, the risk assessment based on CVaR in the system is more sufficient and consistent than the traditional portfolio theory. The experiments on China’s stock market from 2008 to 2018 show that the trading strategy system provides a strong logical basis and practical effect for China’s financial market decision.
Fault Diagnosis of PMSG Wind Power Generation System Based on LMD and MSE
Authors: Duan Hao , Lu Ming , Sun Yongteng , Wang Jinyu , Wang Cheng , Chen Zuguo
Published: July 2020

After fault occurs, the fault diagnosis of wind turbine system is required accurately and quickly. This paper presents a fault diagnostic method for open-circuit faults in the converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator drive for the wind turbine. To avoid misjudgement or missed judgement caused by improper thresholds, the proposed method applies Local Mean Decomposition and Multiscale Entropy into the converter of wind power system fault diagnosis for the first time. This paper uses a novel multiclass support vector machine to classify the faults hardly diagnosed by other methods. Simulation results show that the method has the characteristics of high adaptability, high accuracy, and less diagnosis time.
Compensatory Estrogen Signal Is Capable of DNA Repair in Antiestrogen-Responsive Cancer Cells via Activating Mutations
Authors: Suba Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2020

Cancer cells are embarrassed human cells exhibiting the remnants of same mechanisms for DNA stabilization like patients have in their healthy cells. Antiestrogens target the liganded activation of ERs, which is the principal means of genomic regulation in both patients and their tumors. The artificial blockade of liganded ER activation is an emergency situation promoting strong compensatory actions even in cancer cells. When tumor cells are capable of an appropriate upregulation of ER signaling resulting in DNA repair, a tumor response may be detected. In contrast, when ER signaling is completely inhibited, tumor cells show unrestrained proliferation, and tumor growth may be observed. The laboratory investigations of genomic mechanisms in antiestrogen-responsive and antiestrogen-unresponsive tumor cells have considerably enhanced our knowledge regarding the principal regulatory capacity of estrogen signaling. In antiestrogen-responsive tumor cells, a compensatory increased expression and liganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) result in an apoptotic death. Conversely, in antiestrogen resistant tumors exhibiting a complete blockade of liganded ER activation, a compensatory effort for unliganded ER activation is characteristic, conferred by the increased expression and activity of growth factor receptors. However, even extreme unliganded ER activation is incapable of DNA restoration when the liganded ER activation is completely blocked. Researchers mistakenly suspect even today that in tumors growing under antiestrogen treatment, the increased unliganded activation of estrogen receptor via activating mutations is an aggressive survival technique, whilst it is a compensatory effort against the blockade of liganded ER activation. The capacity of liganded ERs for genome modification in emergency states provides possibilities for estrogen/ER use in medical practice including cancer cure.
Comparison of Design Guidelines for Hot‐Rolled I‐Shaped Steel Compression Members according to AISC 360‐16 and EC3
Authors: Pinarbasi S. , Genc T. , Akpinar E. , Okay F.
Published: July 2020

Thirty‐six years after its publication, Turkish Building Code for Steel Structures was replaced with a more rational specification, Specification of Design and Construction of Steel Structures (SDCSS), which was prepared almost entirely based on the current American steel design specification (AISC 360‐16). European steel design specification (EC3) is also widely used in Turkey for the design of steel structures constructed with the collaboration of Turkish and European companies. It is essential for a steel designer using both SDCSS and EC3 to comprehend the basic differences between these specifications. This study aims to compare the design guidelines defined in AISC 360‐16 (so in SDCSS) and EC3 for rolled I‐shaped steel members subjected to axial compression thoroughly. For various steel grades, member lengths, and 153 different European I/H sections, design buckling resistances and design compressive strengths are computed and compared. It is shown that there are at most 3% difference between the effective areas computed using both specifications. It is highly recommended that the change of cross section class be allowed while calculating design buckling resistances. For the studied sections and steel grades, the resistance‐to‐strength ratios are found to be as high as 1.24 but not smaller than 0.907.
Advantages of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors in the Management of Glucose Metabolism Disorders: A Clinical and Translational Issue
Authors: Antinozzi Cristina , Sgrò Paolo , Di Luigi Luigi
Published: July 2020

Among metabolic diseases, carbohydrate metabolism disorders are the most widespread. The most common glucose pathological conditions are acquired and may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart diseases, stroke, and kidney insufficiency. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have long been used as an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Different studies have demonstrated that PDE5i, by sensitizing insulin target tissues to insulin, play an important role in controlling the action of insulin and glucose metabolism, highlighting the protective action of these drugs against metabolic diseases. In this review, we report the latest knowledge about the role of PDE5i in the metabolic diseases of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, highlighting clinical aspects and potential treatment approaches. Although various encouraging data are available, further in vivo and in vitro studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action and their clinical application in humans.
Tribulus terrestris Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced ARPE-19 Cell Injury through the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yuan Zhenli , Du Weiwei , He Xiangdong , Zhang Donglei , He Wei
Published: July 2020

Oxidative stress on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells has been confirmed to play a crucial role in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or other retinal degenerative diseases. Tribulus terrestris (TT) is a Chinese traditional herb medicine, which has been used for the treatment of ocular diseases for many centuries. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of TT and examined its ability to protect and restore the human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Our data show that 200 μg/mL of ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (EE-TT) significantly increased the cell viability and prevented the apoptosis of H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells through the regulation of Bcl2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and caspase-9. Treatment with EE-TT also significantly decreased the upregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities and increased the downregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities induced by H2O2 in ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, H2O2 at 1 mM significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, CAT, SOD1, SOD2, HO-1, GST-pi, NQO1, and GLCM in ARPE-19 cells; however, treatment with EE-TT reversed the downregulated mRNA expression levels of all these genes induced by H2O2. Furthermore, treatment with 200 μg/mL EE-TT alone for 24 h significantly increased Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLM mRNA expressions in ARPE-19 cells when compared with untreated control cells. Pretreatment with the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling (LY294002) completely blocked these EE-TT-upregulated mRNA expressions and abolished the improvement of cell viability in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. These findings all suggest that Tribulus terrestris has significant antioxidant effects on oxidative stressed ARPE-19 cells through regulating PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Damage Localization in a Building Structure during Seismic Excitation
Authors: Morales-Valdez Jesús , Alvarez-Icaza Luis , Escobar José A.
Published: July 2020

Aging of buildings during their service life has attracted the attention of researchers on structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper is related with detecting damage in building structures at the earliest possible stage during seismic activity to facilitate decision-making on evacuation before physical inspection is possible. For this, a simple method for damage assessment is introduced to identify the damage story of multistory buildings from acceleration measurements under a wave propagation approach. In this work, damage is assumed as reduction in shear wave velocities and changes in damping ratios that are directly related with stiffness loss. Most damage detection methods are off-line processes; this is not the case with this method. First, a real-time identification system is introduced to estimate the current parameters to be compared with nominal values to detect any changes in the characteristics that may indicate damage in the building. In addition, this identification system is robust to constant disturbances and measurement noise. The time needed to complete parameter identification is shorter compared to the typically wave method, and the damage assessment can keep up with the data flow in real time. Finally, using a robust threshold, postprocess of the compared signal is performed to find the location of the possible damage. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments on a reduced-scale five-story building, showing the ability of the proposed method to improve early stage structural health monitoring.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Signaling Properties and Disease Relevance
Authors: Li Tiewei , Zhang Zhengyan , Li Xiaojuan , Dong Geng , Zhang Min , Xu Zhe , Yang Junmei
Published: July 2020

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized as extracellular DNA fibers comprised of histone and cytoplasmic granule proteins. NETs were first described as a form of innate response against pathogen invasion, which can capture pathogens, degrade bacterial toxic factors, and kill bacteria. Additionally, NETs also provide a scaffold for protein and cell binding. Protein binding to NETs further activate the coagulation system which participates in thrombosis. In addition, NETs also can damage the tissues due to the proteins they carry. Many studies have suggested that the excessive formation of NETs may contribute to a range of diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. In this review, we describe the structure and components of NETs, models of NET formation, and detection methods. We also discuss the molecular mechanism of NET formation and their disease relevance. Modulation of NET formation may provide a new route for the prevention and treatment of releated human diseases.
Alpha-Fetoprotein Regulates the Expression of Immune-Related Proteins through the NF-κB (P65) Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Li Qiu-ting , Qiu Meng-jun , Yang Sheng-li , Fang Xiefan , He Xiao-xiao , Wang Meng-meng , Li Ya-nan , Xiong Zhi-fan , Huang Shanshan
Published: July 2020

Background. The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, with 60% to 70% of patients developing recurrence and metastasis within five years of radical resection. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) plays a significant role in predicting the recurrence and metastasis of HCC after surgery. However, its role in modulating tumor immunity has not been investigated. Our objective was to examine the effect of AFP on the expression of B7 family and activation of the NF-κB (P65) pathway in HCC. Methods. We generated human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell lines with or without recombinant AFP transfection (AFPup and control groups). Colony formation assay, Transwell invasion assay, and wound healing assay were used to detect the function of AFP. Liver cancer xenografts were made in BALB/c nude male mice (N = 6 per group). After 28 days of inoculation, the expression of immune genes in the HCC tissues, including PD-L (B7-H1), B7-H3, B7-H4, and P65, was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot. In addition, immunofluorescence was used to determine the subcellular localization of the P65 protein, a key factor in the NF-κB pathway. An online HCC patients’ dataset was also used to detect the connection between AFP and P65. Results. Overexpression of AFP could enhance proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells. Both qPCR and western blot results demonstrated that the expressions of PD-L1, B7-H4, and P65 were significantly higher in the AFP group compared to the controls (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results indicated that the majority of the P65 protein was located in the cytoplasm in the control group but was translocated to the nucleus in the AFPup group. The Spearman correlation coefficient confirms that AFP has a positive correlation with P65 in HCC patients (R = 0.33, P=0.05). Conclusion. AFP could enhance proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCC cells. The upregulation of AFP would increase the PD-L1 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein expression in HCC tissues through the upregulation and activation of the P65 protein.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston
Authors: Wathsara Herath Pathiranage Thathmi , Weeratunge Hasitha Dhananjaya , Mubarak Mohamed Naeem Ahammadu , Godakumbura Pahan Indika , Ranasinghe Pathmasiri
Published: July 2020

Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Alston (Family: Myrtaceae, Sinhala: Heendan) is a red‐listed plant that has been used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of diabetes, but it is yet to be exploited for its potential uses as a functional food or a source of supplements. The present study focused on the evaluation of antidiabetic property of S. caryophyllatum fruits and leaves assessing antioxidant, antiglycation, and antiamylase activities and functional mineral element composition. The crude extracts (CR) of leaves and fruits were fractionated into hexane (Hex) ethyl acetate (EA) and aqueous (AQ) and evaluated for bioactivities along with the crude extracts. The isolated fraction (C3) of Hex fraction of fruit showed significantly high (p < 0.05) antiamylase activity with IC50 value 2.27 ± 1.81 μg/mL where the Hex fraction of fruits exhibited the IC50 value as 47.20 ± 0.3 μg/mL which was higher than acarbose (IC50: 87.96 ± 1.43 μg/mL). The EA fraction of leaves showed highest values for DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Significantly high (p < 0.05) ABTS radical scavenging activity and iron chelating activity were observed in Hex fraction of fruit. The composition of volatiles in leaf oil was studied with GC‐MS, and 58 compounds were identified. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry data revealed the presence of biologically significant trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu, Se, and Sr in leaves and fruits. It is concluded that the Hex fraction of S. caryophyllatum fruits will be a good source for the formulation of supplements for diabetic management with further evaluation of potency and efficacy.
Inhibition of MAN2A1 Enhances the Immune Response to Anti–PD-L1 in Human Tumors
Authors: Shi Sailing , Gu Shengqing , Han Tong , Zhang Wubing , Huang Lei , Li Ziyi , Pan Deng , Fu Jingxin , Ge Jun , Brown Myles , Zhang Peng , Jiang Peng , Wucherpfennig Kai W. , Liu X. Shirley
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

Immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable efficacy, but in only a minority of patients with cancer, suggesting the need to develop additional treatment strategies. Aberrant glycosylation in tumors, resulting from the dysregulated expression of key enzymes in glycan biosynthesis, modulates the immune response. However, the role of glycan biosynthesis enzymes in antitumor immunity is poorly understood. We aimed to study the immunomodulatory effects of these enzymes.

Experimental Design:

We integrated transcriptional profiles of treatment-naïve human tumors and functional CRISPR screens to identify glycometabolism genes with immunomodulatory effects. We further validated our findings using in vitro coculture and in vivo syngeneic tumor growth assays.

Results:

We identified MAN2A1, encoding an enzyme in N-glycan maturation, as a key immunomodulatory gene. Analyses of public immune checkpoint blockade trial data also suggested a synergy between MAN2A1 inhibition and anti–PD-L1 treatment. Loss of Man2a1 in cancer cells increased their sensitivity to T-cell–mediated killing. Man2a1 knockout enhanced response to anti–PD-L1 treatment and facilitated higher cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in tumors under anti–PD-L1 treatment. Furthermore, a pharmacologic inhibitor of MAN2A1, swainsonine, synergized with anti–PD-L1 in syngeneic melanoma and lung cancer models, whereas each treatment alone had little effect.

Conclusions:

Man2a1 loss renders cancer cells more susceptible to T-cell–mediated killing. Swainsonine synergizes with anti–PD-L1 in suppressing tumor growth. In light of the limited efficacy of anti–PD-L1 and failed phase II clinical trial on swainsonine, our study reveals a potential therapy combining the two to overcome tumor immune evasion.

See related commentary by Bhat and Kabelitz, p. 5778
Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome Occurring after Endoscopy
Authors: Okamoto Takeshi , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: July 2020

A 45-year-old lady presented for a follow-up endoscopy examination for mild abdominal pain due to gastric ulcers. She experienced a severe, markedly different type of pain with labor-like contractions 3 days later. Physical examination revealed tenderness confined to a 1 × 1-cm area and positive Carnett’s sign. The pain completely resolved 10 min after a subcutaneous lidocaine injection. The patient was diagnosed with anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. The pain returned within several hours and anterior neurectomy was performed several days later. The pain subsided immediately and no recurrence was seen during 3 years of follow-up.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist’s Perspective
Authors: Cheung Carmen Ka Man , Law Man Fai , Lui Grace Chung Yan , Wong Sunny Hei , Wong Raymond Siu Ming
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. Lymphopenia was commonly seen in infected patients and has a correlation to disease severity. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially those with critical illness and non-survivors. This pandemic has caused disruption in communities and hospital services, as well as straining blood product supply, affecting chemotherapy treatment and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation schedule. In this article, we review the haematological manifestations of the disease and its implication on the management of patients with haematological disorders.
Radionuclide Imaging of the Molecular Mechanisms Linking Heart and Brain in Ischemic Syndromes
Authors: Bengel Frank M. , Hermanns Nele , Thackeray James T.
Published: July 2020

For the heart and the brain, clinical observations suggest that an acute ischemic event experienced by one organ is associated with an increased risk for future acute events and chronic dysfunction of the reciprocal organ. Beyond atherosclerosis as a common systemic disease, various molecular mechanisms are thought to be involved in this interaction. Molecular-targeted nuclear imaging may identify the contribution of factors, such as the neurohumoral, circulatory, or especially the immune system, by combining specific radiotracers with whole-body acquisition and global as well as regional multiorgan analysis. This may be integrated with complementary functional imaging markers and systemic biomarkers for comprehensive network interrogation. Such systems-based strategies go beyond the traditional organ-centered approach and provide novel mechanistic insights, information about temporal dynamics, and a foundation for future interventions aiming at optimal preservation of function of both organs.
A Better Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: The Largest Area Under the Curve Below the Oxygen Delivery Threshold During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Oshita Tomoya , Hiraoka Arudo , Nakajima Kosuke , Muraki Ryosuke , Arimichi Masahisa , Chikazawa Genta , Yoshitaka Hidenori , Sakaguchi Taichi
Published: July 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass for the largest area under the curve (AUC) below the oxygen delivery (DO
2
) threshold and the cumulative AUC below the DO
2
threshold.

Methods and Results

From March 2017 to October 2019, 202 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled. The perfusion parameters were recorded every 20 seconds, and the DO
2
(10×pump flow index [L/min per m
2
]×[hemoglobin (g/dL)×1.36×arterial oxygen saturation (%)+partial pressure of arterial oxygen (mm Hg)×0.003]) threshold of 300 mL/min per m
2
was considered to define sufficient DO
2
. The nadir DO
2
, the cumulative AUC below the

, and the largest AUC below the

were used to predict the incidence of AKI. Postoperative AKI was observed in 12.4% of patients (25/202). By multivariable analysis, the largest AUC below the

≥880 (odds ratio [OR], 4.9; 95% CI, 1.2–21.5 [
P
=0.022]), preoperative hemoglobin concentration ≤11.6 g/dL (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 2.0–32.3 [
P
=0.004]), and red blood cell transfusions during cardiopulmonary bypass ≥2 U (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0–11.1 [
P
=0.041]) were detected as independent risk factors for AKI. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that the largest AUC below the

was more accurate to predict postoperative AKI compared with the nadir DO
2
and the cumulative AUC below the

(differences between areas, 0.0691 [
P
=0.006] and 0.0395 [
P
=0.001]).

Conclusions

These data suggest that a high AUC below the

is an important independent risk factor for AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass, which could be considered for risk prediction models of AKI.
Population Density Analysis of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Japan
Authors: Yamaji Kyohei , Kohsaka Shun , Inohara Taku , Numasawa Yohei , Ishii Hideki , Amano Tetsuya , Ikari Yuji
Published: July 2020

Background

Despite recent progress in the treatment of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, data on geographic disparities application of the evidence‐based therapy remain limited.

Methods and Results

The J‐PCI (Japanese Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) registry is a nationwide registry to assure the quality of delivered care. Between January 2014 and December 2018, 209 521 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction in 1126 institutions. The patients were divided into tertiles according to the population density (PD) of the percutaneous coronary intervention institution location (low: <951.7/km
2
, n = 69 797; medium: 951.7–4729.7/km
2
, n = 69 750; high: ≥4729.7/km
2
, n = 69 974). Patients treated in high PD administrative districts were younger and more likely to be male. No significant correlation was observed between PD and door‐to‐balloon time (regression coefficients: 0.036 per 1000 people/km
2
; 95% CI, −0.232 to 0.304;
P
 = 0.79). Patients treated in low‐PD areas had higher crude in‐hospital mortality rates than those treated in high‐PD areas (low: 2.89%; medium: 2.60%; high: 2.38%;
P
 < 0.001); PD and in‐hospital mortality had a significantly inverse association, before and after adjusting for baseline characteristics (crude odds ratio [OR], 0.983 per 1000/km
2
; 95% CI, 0.973–0.992;
P
 < 0.001; adjusted OR, 0.980 per 1000/km
2
; 95% CI, 0.964–0.996;
P
 = 0.01, respectively). Higher‐PD districts had more operators per institution (low: 6; interquartile range, 3–10; medium: 7; IQR, 3–13; high: 8; IQR, 5–13;
P
 < 0.001), suggesting an inverse association with in‐hospital mortality (OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.986–0.999;
P
 = 0.03).

Conclusions

Geographic inequality was observed in in‐hospital mortality of patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Variation in the number of operators per institution, rather than traditional quality indicators (eg, door‐to‐balloon time) might explain the difference in in‐hospital mortality.
Spatial Presence in Real and Remote Immersive Environments and the Effect of Multisensory Stimulation
Authors: Khenak Nawel , Vézien Jeanne , Théry David , Bourdot Patrick
Published: July 2020

This article presents a user experiment that assesses the feeling of spatial presence, defined as the sense of “being there” in both a real and a remote environment (respectively the so-called “natural presence” and “telepresence”). Twenty-eight participants performed a 3D-pointing task while being either physically located in a real office or remotely transported by a teleoperation system. The evaluation also included the effect of combining audio and visual rendering. Spatial presence and its components were evaluated using the ITC-SOPI questionnaire (Lessiter, Freeman, Keogh, & Davidoff, 2001). In addition, objective metrics based on user performance and behavioral indicators were logged. Results indicate that participants experienced a higher sense of spatial presence in the remote environment (hyper-presence), and a higher ecological validity. In contrast, objective metrics prove higher in the real environment, which highlights the absence of correlation between spatial presence and the objective metrics used in the experiment. Moreover, results show the benefit of adding audio rendering in both environments to increase the sense of spatial presence, the performance of participants, and their engagement during the task.
A new Symphoromyia in the Middle Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Rhagionidae)
Authors: NGO-MULLER VALERIE , NEL ANDRE
Published: July 2020

Symphoromyia clerci sp. nov. is described from the Eocene Baltic amber. Even if it has nearly all the characters of the extant species of Symphoromyia subgenus Symphoromyia, it differs from these flies in the short scape, as long as the pedicel (at least twice as long in extant taxa). This fossil is twice as large as those that were previously described from the same amber. These taxa need to be revised to verify their generic attribution. Symphoromyia clerci sp. nov. is the second fossil species attributable to this genus on the basis of ‘modern’ characters. The extant Symphoromyia are frequently hematophagous on mammals, suggesting a similar biology for the Eocene representatives of this genus.
A new species of Blattisocius from Egypt (Acari, Blattisociidae)
Authors: HASSAN MOURAD FAHMY , ALI FATMA SAMIR , NASR MAHMOUD KORASHY
Published: July 2020

A new species of Blattisocius Keegan 1944 is described from specimens collected from a grain store in Giza, Egypt. Blattisocius flagellatus n. sp. has 33 pairs of long and flagellate setae on the dorsal shield, the ventrianal shield possesses three pairs of pre-anal setae, and the fixed digit of the chelicera is shorter than movable digit. A key is provided for the eight species of Blattisocius known from Egypt.
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) molecularis sp. nov., a new mayfly species (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Russian Far East
Authors: TIUNOVA TATIANA M. , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A.
Published: July 2020

A new species Baetis (Rhodobaetis) molecularis sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on larvae and reared adults from the Far East of Russia. The differential diagnosis of this species is provided with regard to other representatives of the subgenus Rhodobaetis Jacob, 2003 from East Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. A dataset including novel and publicly available COI mtDNA sequences of 16 species of Rhodobaetis has been assembled to provide a reference dataset for DNA barcoding. The comparison between Baetis (Rhodobaetis) molecularis sp. nov. and other species produced K2P genetic distances of 0.201 in average, values well above those associated with intraspecific variation. The closest species was Baetis foemina McDonough with a K2P distance value 0.114. A Bayesian phylogeny of available Rhodobaetis is also provided.
Wear resistance of maraging steel developed by direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Ahmed Gulam Mohammed Sayeed , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali , Ali Mohammed Azam
Published: July 2020

This work presents wear study on maraging steel developed by additive manufacturing using Direct Metal Laser Sintering, utilizing a laser beam of high-power density for melting and fusing the metallic powders. Short aging treatment was given to the specimen prior to the wear tests.
The density and the hardness of the 3D printed maraging steel were found to be better than the homogenized-aged 18Ni1900 maraging steel. The wear resistance is an important aspect that influences the functionality of the components. The wear tests in dry condition were performed on maraging
steel on pin/disc standard wear testing machine. The design of experiments was planned and executed based on response surface methodology. This technique is employed to investigate three influencing and controlling constraints namely speed, load, and distance of sliding. It has been observed
that sliding speed and normal load significantly affects the wear of the specimen. The statistical optimization confirms that the normal load, sliding distance, and speed are significant for reducing the wear rate. The confirmation test was conducted with a 95% confidence interval using optimal
parameters for validation of wear test results. A mathematical model was developed to estimate the wear rate. The experimental results were matched with the projected values. The wear test parameters for minimum and maximum wear rate have been determined.
Effect of prior cold ring rolling on carbide dissolution during the austenitizing process of an M50 bearing steel
Authors: Su Jiao , Qian Dongsheng , Wang Feng
Published: July 2020

The influence of prior cold ring rolling (PCRR) on carbide dissolution during the austenitizing process of an M50 bearing steel was investigated by combining microstructural observations with kinetics analysis. The microstructural results show that the PCRR leads to a reduction in the
volume fraction and the mean diameter of the undissolved carbides. The matrix of the as-quenched specimens after PCRR is enriched with more carbon and alloying elements than those without PCRR, which further confirms that the dissolution behavior of the alloy carbides is enhanced by PCRR during
the austenitizing process. The kinetics of the transformation from ferrite to austenite (α → γ) without and with PCRR are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) upon heating. The austenite onset (Ac1) and end (Ac3) temperatures both decrease with as the
thickness reduction from the PCRR increases. The activation energy for the α → γ transformation is calculated and shows a significant decline when the PCRR process is applied. In addition, the PCRR process results in a slight increase in the hardness regardless of the
austenitizing temperature.
Effect of shot peening on very high cycle fatigue of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy
Authors: Tian Renhui , Dong Jiangfeng , Liu Yongjie , Wang Qingyuan , Luo Yunrong
Published: July 2020

To investigate the influence of shot peening (SP) on very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) performance of 2024-T351, the specimens with three surface conditions were performed under ultrasonic fatigue tests: mechanicallypolished without peening (NP), ceramic shot peening (SP1), steel and glass
mixed shot peening (SP2). The roughness, microhardness, residual stress, fractography measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied before fatigue test to characterize the effective layer induced by the peening treatment. For the failed specimens, the fracture surface were
analysed using SEM to study the mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation. In addition, the fatigue life curve in ultra-high cycle region continuously decreased in the three series of specimens. However, the experimental results revealed that fatigue strength improvement resulting from shot
peening treatment was negligible in very high cycle regime. Furthermore, the stress intensity factor for the surface crack initiation (SCI) and interior crack initiation (ICI) was discussed based on quantitative analysis on the fracture surface. The average values of ΔKfish-eye
for NP, SP1 and SP2 specimens are about 2.22, 1.48 and 1.61 MPa · m1/2, respectively.
The forming and crystallization behaviors of Zr50Ti5Cu27Ni10Al8 bulk amorphous alloy by laser additive manufacturing
Authors: Ge Yaqiong , Chen Xin , Chang Zexin
Published: July 2020

Due to the small size and serious crystallization, the wider application of amorphous alloy materials is limited. In this paper, the bulk amorphous alloy with the size of 15 mm × 15 mm × 12 mm was made by selective laser melting technology. The characters of the composition
and structure of the as-prepared bulk amorphous alloy and the thermal effect of the preparation process were analyzed. The results showed that the cooling rate of both the molten pool and the heat affected zone were much higher than the critical cooling rate of the amorphous alloy and, therefore,
the cooling rate was not the reason for the crystallization in this experiment. The molten pool of the formed amorphous alloy block was completely amorphous. Due to the accumulation of structural relaxation, crystallization occurred in the heat affected zone, but the amorphous structure was
still dominant. The increase in deposition layer had no obvious effect on crystallization.
Study of static recrystallization behavior of austenite in a Ti–V microalloyed steel
Authors: Wang Li , Xiao Sufen , Tang Zhenghua , Qian Pingping , Siyasiya Charles W.
Published: July 2020

The static recrystallization (SRX) behavior in Ti–V microalloyed steel was studied through two-pass compression tests using a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. Under the experimental conditions with the deformation temperatures of 950–1050 °C, strain rates of
0.01–1 s–1, pass strains of 0.1–0.2 and inter-pass time of 1–100 s, respectively. The influence of various processing parameters on the static softening were discussed seriously and the results showed that the softening fractions raise quickly with the deformation
temperature, the strain rate, the pass strain and the inter-pass time; Oppositely, it is reduced as the initial austenite grain size raises. In addition, the kinetic equations have been adopted and the required parameters have been determined based on the experiments, the calculated results
are consistent with the experimental results, indicating the SRX behavior and microstructural evolutions of Ti–V microalloyed steel could be estimated by the determined kinetics parameters.
Market Transition and Network-Based Job Matching in China: The Referrer Perspective
Authors: Obukhova Elena , Rubineau Brian
Published: July 2020

To better understand how network-based job matching responds to market development, the authors investigate network matching in China. They examine this question from the perspective of referrers, those who share information about job opportunities with potential job candidates. Using unique data from a population survey and leveraging interprovincial differences in market development, the authors show that market development has a negative association with individuals’ propensity to share job information. People who work at firms that offer a referral bonus and people who work at private firms, however, are more likely to share information and share it with more people, and the number of such employers increases with market transition. This increase can produce a positive association between market development and overall prevalence of job information-sharing. Results clarify the role employer-side processes play in job information-sharing and carry important implications for understanding network matching.
How Individuals Who Self-Harm Manage Their Own Risk—‘I Cope Because I Self-Harm, and I Can Cope with my Self-Harm’
Authors: Woodley Samantha , Hodge Suzanne , Jones Kerri , Holding Andrew
Published: July 2020

Self-harm is a complex and idiosyncratic behaviour. This article focuses on how those who self-harm manage their own risk. Utilising opportunity sampling, ten members of a self-harm support group were interviewed about how they risk manage their self-harm and the data analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis showed that all participants were actively involved in risk management of their self-harm. Through a process of managing consequences, exercising control in the process, and an awareness of the social context. It is posited that people who self-harm should be viewed as actively engaging with the risks of self-harm whilst it is a coping mechanism, as opposed to passive or ignoring. This understanding can be integrated into current risk management plans within services and invites a more dynamic conversation of self-harm between services users and services. Effective risk management involves good relationships between individuals who self-harm and clinicians, services which promote positive risk taking as opposed to defensive practice, and true collaboration between services and service users.