bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversing the order of changes in environmental conditions alters the aggregation behavior of hematite nanoparticles
Authors: Ding Yuefei , Sheng Anxu , Liu Feng , Li Xiaoxu , Shang Jianying , Liu Juan
Published: November 2021

This study reveals how the order of conditional changes affects adsorption kinetics and conformation of proteins on nanoparticle surface, resulting in different interparticle forces, aggregation behavior, and adsorption capability of nanoparticles.
Enantioselective organocatalytic formal [3+2]-cycloaddition of isatin-derived ketimines with benzylidenemalononitriles and benzylidineindanones
Authors: Duffy Conor , Roe William E. , Harkin Aislinn M. , McNamee Ryan , Knipe Peter C.
Published: November 2021

Electron-deficient alkenes undergo organocatalysed formal [3+2]-cycloaddition with isatin-derived imines, generating complex spirocyclic products with high yield and stereoselectivity.
Electronic configuration modulation of tin dioxide by phosphorus dopant for pathway change in electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Wan Hao , Xiao Xue , Ma Wei , Zhang Ying , Liu Xiaohe , Liu Yanyu , Chen Gen , Zhang Ning , Cao Yijun , Ma Renzhi
Published: November 2021

Electronic configuration modulation of SnO2 nanoparticles was realized using a phosphorus dopant, contributing to the reaction pathway change of water oxidation.
Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy for metabolite identification in biological materials
Authors: Nawrocka Ewa K. , Urbańczyk Mateusz , Koziński Kamil , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Rates of temperature-induced changes of NMR chemical shifts are easy to measure and metabolite-specific spectral parameters.
Tuning MoSO monolayer properties for optoelectronic and spintronic applications: effect of external strain, vacancies and doping
Authors: Nguyen Duy Khanh , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Van On Vo , Rivas-Silva J. F. , Ponce-Pérez R. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H. , Hoat D. M.
Published: November 2021

Atomic structure and stability analysis of the MoSO Janus monolayer.
Use of metabolomics data analysis to identify fruit quality markers enhanced by the application of an aminopolysaccharide
Authors: Fatima El Amerany , Moha Taourirte , Said Wahbi , Abdelilah Meddich , Mohammed Rhazi
Published: November 2021

Combining bioinformatics tools with metabolomics showed that foliar spray with chitosan increased the level of valuable compounds in tomato fruits.
Remarkable diastereomeric effect on thermoresponsive behavior of polyurethane based on lysine and tartrate ester derivatives
Authors: Aoki Daisuke , Miyake Akihiro , Tachaboonyakiat Wanpen , Ajiro Hiroharu
Published: November 2021

The long-distance diastereomeric effect on thermoresponsive properties in a polyurethane system consisting of chiral monomers was reported.
A one-step hydrothermal route to fabricate a ZnO nanorod/3D graphene aerogel-sensitized structure with enhanced photoelectrochemistry performance and self-powered photoelectrochemical biosensing of parathion-methyl
Authors: Yan Yuting , Li Qian , Wang Qirui , Mao Hanping
Published: November 2021

A facile one-pot hydrothermal method for fabricating ZnO/GAs was developed. And a novel self-powered PEC biosensor was constructed based on the ZnO/GAs with the amplification of thiocholine for the detection of parathion-methyl.
Controllable synthesis of N-doped carbon nanohorns: tip from closed to half-closed, used as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Nan Yanli , He Yuanyuan , Zhang Zihan , Wei Jian , Zhang Yubin
Published: November 2021

The unique tip-half-closed N-doped carbon nanohorns were firstly produced with sufficient porosity and noticeable pyridinic-N, exhibiting excellent OER performance.
1,4,5,8-Naphthalene tetracarboxylate dianhydride/g-C3N4 van der Waals heterojunctions exhibit enhanced photochemical H2O2 production and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Thurston John H. , Vitale-Sullivan Molly , Koshkimbayeva Azhar , Smith Tyler R. , Cornell Kenneth A.
Published: November 2021

Surface adsorbed 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylate dianhydride molecules accept photoexcited electrons from the organic semiconductor g-C3N4 to promote formation of H2O2 from elemental oxygen and enhance antimicrobial activity.
Carbon dioxide reduction mechanism on Ru-based electrocatalysts [Ru(bpy)2(CO)2]2+: insights from first-principles theory
Authors: Damas Giane B. , Ivashchenko Dmytro A. , Rivalta Ivan , Araujo C. Moyses
Published: November 2021

Solar fuel production through the so-called artificial photosynthesis has attracted a great deal of attention to the development of a new world energy matrix that is renewable and environmentally friendly.
High-loading metal atoms on graphdiyne for efficient nitrogen fixation to ammonia
Authors: Fang Yan , Xue Yurui , Hui Lan , Chen Xi , Li Yuliang
Published: November 2021

A new graphdiyne-based manganese atomic catalyst (MnSA/GDY) was reported for efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia. It achieves a high ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency at ambient temperatures and pressures.
A dendritic polyamidoamine supramolecular system composed of pillar[5]arene and azobenzene for targeting drug-resistant colon cancer
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Yang Jie , Yan Xiangjie , Li Chaoqi , Elsabahy Mahmoud , Chen Li , Yang Ying-Wei , Gao Hui
Published: November 2021

A smart supramolecular quaternary ammonium nanoparticle, namely quaternary ammonium PAMAM-AZO@CP[5]A (Q-P-A@CP[5]A) was designed to treat drug-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum.
Two-dimensional wide band-gap nitride semiconductor GaN and AlN materials: properties, fabrication and applications
Authors: Wang Zhongxin , Wang Guodong , Liu Xintong , Wang Shouzhi , Wang Tailin , Zhang Shiying , Yu Jiaoxian , Zhao Gang , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2021

This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress in 2D GaN and 2D AlN structures, their properties, fabrication methods and applications.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of PbTe0.95via N-type PbS nano-inclusions using a conventional sintering method
Authors: Shi Dongliang , Lam Kwok Ho
Published: November 2021

The successful synthesis of n-type nano PbS particles as sintering additives that highly promote densified PbTe0.95/PbS thermoelectric composites using the conventional sintering method, largely enhancing the zT value.
Intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D h-CrC semiconductors with strong magnetic anisotropy and high Curie temperatures
Authors: Sheng Kang , Yuan Hong-Kuan , Wang Zhi-Yong
Published: November 2021

2D intrinsic semiconducting ferromagnets with robust magnetic anisotropy and a high Curie temperature are of great importance for the development of high-performance flexible spintronic nanodevices.
The role of absorbed water in ionic liquid cellulosic electrolytes for ionic thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhao D. , Sultana A. , Edberg J. , Shiran Chaharsoughi M. , Elmahmoudy M. , Ail U. , Tybrandt K. , Crispin X.
Published: November 2021

The absorbed water from air into cellulose/ionic liquid gel dramatically increases the apparent ionic Seebeck coefficient. The reason is the hydrovoltaic voltage that depends on the kinetics of water absorption/desorption at different temperature.
Quintuple-mode dynamic anti-counterfeiting using multi-mode persistent phosphors
Authors: Gao Dangli , Gao Jie , Gao Feng , Kuang Qingqing , Pan Yong , Chen Yafei , Pan Zhengwei
Published: November 2021

Multi-level, dynamic optical anti-counterfeiting has been achieved using multi-mode phosphors as luminescent inks. The ZGGO:Cr,Yb,Er phosphors exhibit quintuple luminescence modes, while the ZLGO:Mn phosphors possess quadruple luminescence modes.
Novel fluorescence-based method for rapid quantification of live bacteria in river water and treated wastewater
Authors: Wang Manna , Ateia Mohamed , Hatano Yuta , Miyanaga Kazuhiko , Yoshimura Chihiro
Published: November 2021

Monitoring bacteria is essential for ensuring microbial safety of water sources, including river water and treated wastewater.
Creation of a Community-Driven Decision Support Tool for Caregivers of Children With Developmental Concerns
Authors: Magnusson Dawn M. , Shwayder Irena , Murphy Natalie J. , Ollerenshaw Lindsay , Ebendick Michele , Auer-Bennett Eileen
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Despite increasing standardization of developmental screening and referral processes, significant early intervention service disparities exist. The aims of this article are to: (a) describe methods used to develop a decision support tool for caregivers of children with developmental concerns, (b) summarize key aspects of the tool, and (c) share preliminary results regarding the tool's acceptability and usability among key stakeholders.

Method:

Content and design of the decision support tool was guided by a systematic process outlined by the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaborative. Three focus group interviews were conducted with caregivers (
n
= 7), early childhood professionals (
n
= 28), and a mix of caregivers and professionals (
N
= 20) to assess caregiver decisional needs. In accordance with the IPDAS, a prototype of the decision support tool was iteratively cocreated by a subset of caregivers (
n
= 7) and early child health professionals (
n
= 5).

Results:

The decision support tool leverages images and plain language text to guide caregivers and professionals along key steps of the early identification to service use pathway. Participants identified four themes central to shared decision making: trust, cultural humility and respect, strength-based conversations, and information-sharing. End-users found the tool to be acceptable and useful.

Conclusions:

The decision support tool described offers an individualized approach for exploring beliefs about child development and developmental delay, considering service options within the context of the family's values, priorities, and preferences, and outlining next steps. Additional research regarding the tool's effectiveness in optimizing shared decision-making and reducing service use disparities is warranted.
Within- and Cross-Language Relations Between Phonological Memory, Vocabulary, and Grammar in Bilingual Children
Authors: Kehoe Margaret , Poulin-Dubois Diane , Friend Margaret
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

This study investigated within-language and between-language associations between phonological memory, vocabulary, and grammar in French–English (
n
= 43) and Spanish–English (
n
= 25) bilingual children at 30, 36, and 48 months. It was predicted that phonological memory would display both within-language and between-language relations to language development and that these relations would be stronger at the youngest age.

Method:

Bilingual children participated in free-play sessions in both of their languages at each age, from which vocabulary and grammatical information (number of different words and mean length of utterance) was extracted. Vocabulary information was also obtained from parent inventories completed when the children were 30 months and a standardized receptive vocabulary test administered at 36 and 48 months. The children were also administered nonword repetition tests in both of their languages at each age.

Results:

Mixed logistic regression indicated that phonological memory was associated with vocabulary and grammar within the same language and phonological memory in the other language. In two of the four statistical models, phonological memory exhibited positive between-language relations, and in one model, it exhibited negative between-language relations to language development. Results also indicated that within-language and between-languages effects remained constant, or between-language associations decreased during the age range studied.

Conclusion:

Overall, the findings provide some support for cross-language associations between phonological memory and lexical and grammatical skills.
State feedback H∞ control for a class of affine nonlinear singular systems: Input restricting approach
Authors: Shojaee Vahid , Shafiee Masoud , Ibeas Asier
Published: November 2021

Here, a new method for solving the H∞ control problem for a class of affine nonlinear singular systems is presented. The main idea is to restrict the control inputs and initial states to the sets of admissible inputs and consistent initial values, respectively. Consequently, the impulse‐freeness of the system response is guaranteed. In this regard, a novel concept of “distance from the admissible inputs set” is introduced. Based on this concept, a set of sufficient conditions for the H∞ control problem's solvability and the corresponding H∞ controller is provided. The adopted approach can also be employed to solve the H∞ control problem for indefinite nonlinear singular systems as well as non‐singular nonlinear systems with a restricted inputs set. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of and corresponding solution to these problems are also presented. Finally, the practicality of this method is illustrated using a numerical example.
Stacking‐based ensemble learning method for cognitive distraction state recognition for drivers in traditional and connected environments
Authors: Jin Lisheng , Hua Qiang , Zhang Shunran , Guo Baicang
Published: November 2021

Compared with the traditional environment, a connected environment in which multiple types of intelligent vehicles share roads will be more complicated. However, do changes in the traffic environment affect the driver's distraction level and distraction recognition? Relatively few studies have addressed these questions. This study constructs traditional and connected environments and conducts driving simulation experiments. Distracted driving data for 60 drivers were collected in each environment, and the one‐way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to select the distraction indices with significant differences as the input indices. An independent t‐test was applied to analyse changes in the distraction indices in the two environments. The results show that the distraction indices, including the standard deviation (SD) of the horizontal fixation angles, blink frequency, mean pupil diameter, mean saccade speed, SD of the steering wheel angle, mean speed and SD of the lane acceleration, differ in the two environments; therefore, the distraction recognition model in the traditional environment is no longer suitable for connected environments. A distraction state recognition model developed with a stacking‐based ensemble learning algorithm composed of a support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), long short‐term memory (LSTM), and bi‐directional LSTM with an attention mechanism (AT‐Bi‐LSTM) was proposed for each environment. The recognition accuracy reaches 95.71% in the traditional environment, and the accuracy rate reaches 97.92% in the connected environment. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed approach yields greater recognition accuracy and can be applied in intelligent vehicle distraction early warning assistance systems to improve road safety.
A classification method for urban functional regions based on the transfer rate of empty cars
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Li Jianbo , Lv Zhiqiang , Dong Chuanhao , Fu Liping
Published: November 2021

Predicting the nature of each urban functional region based on the transfer rate of empty cars plays a crucial role in constructing smart cities and urban planning. The transfer rate of empty cars describes the probability of a taxi driving from one region to another without any passengers. It can reflect the main driving directions of taxies and the main flow directions of people among different urban functional regions. Although current researches have focused on the functional regions divided by remote sensing satellite images, there is almost no discussion on determining the nature of the region through taxi behaviour. The authors consider using taxi behaviour to classify urban functional regions. Besides, the attentional spatio‐temporal model (Attentional Gated Recurrent Unit, AGRU) is introduced in the work. The AGRU consists of three modules, which are the spatial feature extraction module, the temporal feature extraction module, and the attentional pooling mechanism. The model has been evaluated on the data set provided by Didi Chuxing and it has been compared with some typical models. The experimental results show that the AGRU can reflect spatio‐temporal information, and its attentional pooling mechanism can distinguish whether a region is the place of departure or the destination.
Confusion in differential piston measurement with the pyramid wavefront sensor
Authors: Bertrou-Cantou A. , Gendron E. , Rousset G. , Deo V. , Ferreira F. , Sevin A. , Vidal F.
Published: November 2021

Context. The pyramid was proven to be a highly sensitive and versatile wave-front sensor (WFS) and has been selected to be installed on the single conjugate adaptive optics (AO) systems of the extremely large telescope (ELT). The pupil of the ELT is fragmented by the secondary support spider arms, which are larger than the spatial coherence length of the atmospheric turbulence. This causes a rupture of the incoming wavefront continuity, which means that we need to be able to measure the differential pistons across the spider arms to achieve full wavefront reconstruction.

Aims. We investigate the reaction of the modulated pyramid WFS to discontinuous aberrations in presence of phase residuals after AO compensation for a range of expected observing conditions at the location of the ELT. We then explore some parameters of the sensor in order to improve its sensitivity to the wavefront discontinuities, including optical gain compensation, specific sensor modulation paths, and the number of faces of the pyramidal prism.

Methods. We derived sensitivity loss and modal cross-talk strength coefficients around static post-AO residual phases using the COMPASS end-to-end AO simulation software. Moreover, extensive closed-loop AO simulations let us derive two wavefront error criteria that are appropriate for a fragmented pupil geometry. We used these to assess the wavefront reconstruction performance.

Results. We show that on the ELT, the pyramid experiences a drastic loss in sensitivity and also non-linear modal cross-talks. Added to the limited capture range, this makes it poorly suited for phase discontinuity measurements at visible wavelengths. The strategies we studied to increase the sensitivity and reduce the modal cross-talk provide an improvement of the reconstruction for low D/r0(λWFS) values, that is, for a K-band pyramid. In presence of a large residual wavefront variance, however, a similar sensor in visible light fails to provide the necessary trade-off to measure both the continuous modes and the wavefront discontinuities.

Conclusions. The ELT instruments, designed with only visible-band pyramid WFSs, will not be able to perform a direct measurement of the wavefront discontinuities. They will have to rely on Kolmogorov statistics to restore the continuity of the atmospheric corrugated wavefront. If any other source of discontinuities arises on the ELT, instruments will need an additional, dedicated WFS.
Knochenbildende Tumore unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Osteoidosteoms und Osteoblastoms
Authors: Motlagh Mohammad Arab , Rauschmann Michael
Published: November 2021

Osteoidosteome und Osteoblastome sind gutartige knochenbildende Tumore, die in den ersten beiden Lebensdekaden nicht selten die Ursache von schmerzhaften Läsionen der Wirbelsäule mit schmerzbedingter skoliotischer Deformierung sind. Beide Entitäten sind sich histologisch sehr ähnlich, lassen sich jedoch durch Röntgen bzw. computertomographische Darstellung anhand ihrer Größe und morphologischen Merkmale gut differenzieren. Die Osteoblastome können durch ihre Größenzunahme und osteodestruktives Verhalten die Wirbelsäule destabilisieren oder zu neurologischen Ausfälle führen. Die Schmerzen sprechen häufig gut auf die Nicht Steroidale AntiRheumatika (NSAR), insbesondere auf Azetylsalezylsäure, an. Schmerzpersistenz und Nebenwirkungen von NSAR sowie mögliche Instabilitäten erfordern aber häufig eine interventionelle Therapie mit chirurgisch vollständiger Resektion selten in Kombination mit Stabilisierung oder perkutane Radiofrequenzablation, die je nach morphologischen Gesichtspunkten angewendet werden können.
Osteochondrome und andere knorpelbildende benigne Tumoren der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Disch Alexander Carl , Fritzsche Hagen , Schaser Klaus-Dieter
Published: November 2021

Unter den seltenen Primärtumoren des Skelettsystems zählen die chondrogenen zu den am häufigsten auftretenden. Innerhalb des chondroiden Grundmusters, zeigt sich eine große Bandbreite an radiomorphologischen und histopathologischen Erscheinungsformen mit variierender tumor-biologischer Aktivität. An der Wirbelsäule treten diese Tumoren deutlich seltener auf und klinisch stehen Schmerzen im Vordergrund. Aufgrund ihrer oft dorsalen Lokalisation sind neurologische Defizite nicht selten. CT und MRT sind maßgeblich für die bildgebende Diagnostik. Für das Management gilt das Prinzip der interdisziplinären Entscheidungsfindung und Therapie nach abgeschlossener Diagnostik, die eine suffiziente Biopsie einschließt. Entsprechend der Enneking Klassifikation der Tumoren sind intraläsionale und aggressive Resektionen in Abhängigkeit der zu Grunde liegenden, oft heterogenen tumor-biologischen Aktivität möglich. Entsprechend different sind Lokalrezidiv- und auch sekundäre Entartungsraten. Aufgrund ihres seltenen Auftretens, der notwendigen Diagnostik und der teils komplexen Therapie wird eine Zuweisung an ein spinal tumor-chirurgisches Referenzzentrum mit angeschlossener Infrastruktur empfohlen. Der folgende Artikel soll die Charakteristika, Diagnostik und Therapie benigner chondrogener Primärtumoren der Wirbelsäule aufzeigen und beschreibt exemplarisch Osteochondrome, Enchondrome, Chondro-myxoidfibrome und Chondroblastome der Wirbelsäule.
Drogennotfälle und medizinische Überlebenshilfe in
Frankfurter Drogenkonsumräumen
Authors: Stöver Heino , Förster Stefan , O’Reilly Maike Sinead
Published: November 2021

Dieser Artikel präsentiert die zentralen Ergebnisse der quantitativen und
qualitativen Querschnittsstudie „Notfälle in den Frankfurter
Drogenkonsumräumen – Strategien in der
Überlebenshilfe“, die im Dezember 2020 vom Frankfurter Institut
für Suchtforschung (ISFF) durchgeführt wurde. Die Studie basiert
auf einer erweiterten statistischen Analyse der Notfalldaten der Frankfurter
Drogenkonsumraum-Dokumentation des Jahres 2019 sowie einer qualitativen und
quantitativen Analyse des Schichtbuches des Drogenkonsumraums
„Niddastraße“. Der Schwerpunkt des Artikels liegt auf
der Beschreibung der registrierten drogeninduzierten und nicht-drogeninduzierten
Notfälle, den vom Team getroffenen Interventionsmaßnahmen und
auf der Analyse von involvierten Substanzen und konsumbedingten Risikofaktoren.
Abschließend werden mögliche Weiterentwicklungen zu
existierenden Angeboten dargestellt und kritisch diskutiert.
Quality Assurance in Cataract and Lens Surgery with Special Consideration of Subjective Patient Reported Outcome Measures and Clinical Reported Outcome
Measures
Authors: Fabian Ekkehard , Birkl Max , Benstetter Franz , Eberwein Philipp , Seher Ulrich , Pfeiler Thomas
Published: November 2021

Background Results of medical interventions must be documented and evaluated. In studies, this is done with clinical outcomes data (clinician/clinical reported outcome measure,
CROM). In the past, less weight has been given to patient surveys with questionnaires (patient reported outcome measure, PROM).

Patients/Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 104 eyes from 53 patients. Of these, 35 patients had cataract surgery and 15 patients had a refractive lens exchange.
The implanted lenses included 62 trifocal IOLs (Asphina trifiocal 839, Zeiss), 34 trifocal toric IOLs (Asphina trifocal toric 939, Zeiss) and 8 bifocal IOLs (Asphina 808, Zeiss) with the
same IOL platform. Patients completed a modified questionnaire before surgery and one year after surgery. We made changes to the CatQuest-9SF questionnaire so as to also document side
effects.

Results The effort required by the patients to answer the questionnaire was a burden. Transcribing the data into electronic files so as they could be saved and analyzed was a lot of
work for the staff. Among the patients, 88.7% were spectacle-independent in everyday life, and 77.5% for reading. 44.4% had a halo problem. 92% reported the operation as a success. 100% had
a prediction error of ≤ ± 0.75 dpt.

Conclusion There is a high rate of patient satisfaction with the outcome of the intervention. New questionnaires are needed for new IOLs. The Catquest-9SF is from 2009. Accordingly,
revisions and new validation is necessary. Beyond that, only automatic data transfer will reduce the amount of work involved in data input.
Vom Therapeuten zum Unternehmer – Selbstständigkeit
Authors: Hiebl Sarah , Atzmüller Michael
Published: November 2021

Viele Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten möchten sich irgendwann den Traum von einer eigenen Praxis erfüllen. Dass damit für sie auch ein großer Rollenwandel einhergeht, ist vermutlich nicht allen bewusst. Es gilt sich zur Unternehmerin bzw. zum Unternehmer weiterzuentwickeln, um den neuen Herausforderungen gewachsen zu sein.
Mobilisation und Corona – wer und wie weit?
Authors: Urbaczka Arkadius
Published: November 2021

Frühe Mobilisierung von Intensivpatienten kann sich positiv auf ihre Genesung auswirken: Die Beatmungsdauer ist kürzer und lang anhaltende Beschwerden lassen sich minimieren. Ob das auch für COVID-19-Patienten zutrifft, zeigt der folgende Beitrag.
Das Treatment Exit Options for Uveitis (TOFU) Register: Einbindung von Patienten in die Evidenzgenerierung
Authors: Li Jeany Q. , Dell Jennifer , Höller Tobias , Fink David , Schmid Matthias , Heinz Carsten , Finger Robert P.
Published: November 2021

Uveitis ist eine seltenere entzündliche Augenerkrankung, die zu schwerer Sehbehinderung und Blindheit führen kann und besonders Menschen im berufstätigen Alter betrifft. Besonders schwere Verläufe, die meist einer immunmodulierenden Therapie (IMT) bedürfen, treten bei einer Uveitis auf, die die hinteren Teile des Auges oder das ganze Auge betreffen und nicht infektiöser Ursache sind. Für diese Formen der Erkrankung gibt es nur wenig gute Evidenz zum langfristigen Management der Erkrankung und insbesondere zur Beendigung oder Reduktion einer IMT. Das Treatment exit Options For non-infectious Uveitis (TOFU) Register der Sektion Uveitis der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (DOG) hat das Ziel, Krankheitsverläufe von Patienten mit nicht-infektiöser nicht-anteriorer Uveitis zu dokumentieren und Empfehlungen zur Beendigung einer IMT zu erarbeiten. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt des TOFU-Registers ist die aktive Einbeziehung von Patienten in die Erfassung Patienten-berichteter Endpunkte über ein Patientenmodul (Patient Reported Outcomes, PROs). Neben seh- und gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität werden auch Fragebögen zur Therapieadhärenz, Produktivität und Auswirkungen der Therapien eingesetzt. Die eingesetzten Fragebögen wurden in dieser Kombination in einer Pilotstudie mit Patienten getestet und es hat sich gezeigt, dass die wesentlichen Patienten-relevanten Aspekte der Erkrankung und deren Auswirkungen auf den Alltag erfasst werden. Das Patientenmodul, wie das Register selbst, nutzt zur Dokumentation die electronic data capture (EDC)-Software REDCap (Version 9, Vanderbilt University, USA). Durch die Einbindung von Patienten in sowohl die Konzeption des Registers als auch die fortlaufende Datensammlung wird sichergestellt, dass Patienten-relevante Evidenz für z. B. die Erstellung von Leitlinien und Behandlungsempfehlungen generiert wird.
Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgung durch wohnungslose Menschen
– der Einfluss von zugangsförderlichen Faktoren, Schmerzen und
Gender untersucht anhand des Gelberg-Andersen-Modells
Authors: Brettel Paul , Beier Elena , Maun Andy , Jung Petra
Published: November 2021

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Einflussfaktoren auf die Inanspruchnahme
medizinischer Versorgungsangebote durch wohnungslose Menschen zu ermitteln. Im
Rahmen einer Feldstudie wurden 51 wohnungslose Männer und 47
wohnungslose Frauen in Baden-Württemberg mit einem für diese
Studie konzipierten Fragebogen in face-to-face-Interviews befragt. Anhand
multipler logistischer Regressionsmodelle in Anlehnung an das Gelberg-Andersen
Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations wurden Einflussfaktoren auf die
Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Versorgungsangebote ermittelt. Erfüllte
alltägliche Grundbedürfnisse (OR 1,33, 95%-KI
[1,03–1,72] bzgl. Wahrnehmung von Impfungen), eine feste
primärmedizinische Anlaufstelle (OR 12,2 [1,81–82] bzgl.
Wahrnehmung von Früherkennungsuntersuchungen; quasi-vollständige
Trennung bzgl. Inanspruchnahme hausärztlicher Versorgung), soziale
Unterstützungssysteme (OR 2,9 [1,13–7,5] bzgl. Wahrnehmung von
Früherkennungsuntersuchungen; OR 0,63 [0,41–0,98] bzgl.
Aufsuchen von Notaufnahmen) und technische Unterstützungssysteme (OR 2,2
[1,13–4,4] bzgl. Inanspruchnahme hausärztlicher Versorgung)
hatten einen günstigen Einfluss auf das Inanspruchnahmemuster. Schmerzen
führten zu einer häufigeren Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen (OR
1,72 [1,22–2,4]) und stationärer Versorgung (OR 1,66
[1,19–2,3]). Es zeigten sich Unterschiede zwischen den
Geschlechtergruppen. Die genannten Einflussfaktoren sind in der Versorgung
wohnungsloser Menschen gezielt zu adressieren. Zur Früherkennung und
Bearbeitung komplexer sozialer und gesundheitlicher Problemlagen vulnerabler
Bevölkerungsgruppen ist eine Integration sozialer Versorgungsangebote in
die medizinische Regelversorgung notwendig. Dies erfordert interprofessionelle
Ansätze in der medizinischen Aus-und Weiterbildung, die die Lebenslagen
vulnerabler Bevölkerungsgruppen und soziale Determinanten von Gesundheit
in den Blick rücken.
Alkoholintoxikationen junger Menschen in Bayern während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Härtl Sabine , Koytek Annalena , Wolstein Jörg
Published: November 2021

Ziel Es sollen Erkenntnisse zum Alkoholkonsumverhalten junger Menschen in Bayern mit Alkoholintoxikation während der Covid-19-Pandemie gewonnen werden. Dabei soll auf die Anzahl der Klinikeinlieferungen aufgrund von Alkoholintoxikationen, Charakteristika der eingelieferten Jugendlichen im Vergleich von 2020 gegenüber den Vorjahren und auf die Entwicklung des Rauschtrinkens nach Einschätzung von Suchtpräventionsfachkräften eingegangen werden.

Methodik Die Fragestellung soll mithilfe von drei Datenquellen beantwortet werden: Befragung von Suchtpräventionsfachkräften im Jahr 2020 (n=41), Befragung von Jugendlichen, die aufgrund einer Alkoholintoxikation in eine Klinik eingeliefert wurden im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2020 (n=5046) und Erhebung der Anzahl der vollstationär entlassenen Jugendlichen mit der Diagnose F10 oder T51 in einer Kooperationsklinik des HaLT-Projekts im Zeitraum von 2018 bis 2020 (n=371).

Ergebnisse Die Häufigkeit von Klinikeinlieferungen aufgrund einer Alkoholintoxikation ist bei jungen Menschen in Bayern im Jahr 2020 gegenüber den Vorjahren rückläufig. Zugleich zeigen sich Hinweise auf häufigeres riskantes Konsumverhalten bei den intoxikierten Jugendlichen im Jahr 2020 gegenüber den Vorjahren hinsichtlich der häufigeren Konsumursachen absichtliches Betrinken und Missbrauch nach DSM-IV, der gestiegenen durchschnittlichen Blutalkoholkonzentrationen männlicher Jugendlicher, des sinkenden Bewusstseins für die potentiell lebensbedrohlichen Risiken der Intoxikation und des gestiegenen Anteils wiederholt intoxikierter junger Menschen. Die Häufigkeit des Rauschtrinkens scheint nach erster Einschätzung im Jahr 2020 gegenüber den Vorjahren rückläufig zu sein.

Schlussfolgerung Potentielle Risikogruppen wie männliche Jugendliche und wiederholt intoxikierte junge Menschen sowie neue Konsumsettings sollten in den Fokus weiterer Forschung und der Suchtpräventionsarbeit unter Pandemiebedingungen genommen werden. Inwiefern diese neuen Konsummuster nach Überwindung der Pandemie fortbestehen, kann aktuell nicht beurteilt werden.
Möglichkeiten der Überbrückung des therapiefreien Intervalls bei Notfällen
Authors: Sefrin Peter , Schua Rainer
Published: November 2021

Bei Notfällen besteht bis zur professionellen Hilfe durch den Rettungsdienst ein therapiefreies Intervall, das durch verschiedene Organisationsformen überbrückt werden soll, um dem
Notfallpatienten eine adäquate Erste Hilfe zuteilwerden zu lassen. Die Hilfsfrist des Rettungsdienstes ist eine länderdifferente planerische Größe und bietet keine ausreichende Gewähr eines
frühzeitigen Erreichens des Patienten, sondern definiert vielmehr die Infrastruktur des Rettungsdienstes. Eine spontane Hilfeleistung durch Notfallzeugen ist trotz des Bemühens einer
bundesweiten Schulung der Bevölkerung in Erster Hilfe nicht durchgehend zu erwarten. Die Telefonreanimation durch die Leitstelle mit Anleitung des Anrufers zur Reanimation stellt eine
Möglichkeit zum frühzeitigen Beginn einer Wiederbelebung dar. Engagierte ausgebildete, zufällig erreichbare Ersthelfer können über verschiedene Kommunikationsmittel an den Notfallort
entsandt werden, um Erste Hilfe zu leisten. Eine organisierte Überbrückung des therapiefreien Intervalls stellen die verschiedenen First-Responder-Systeme dar. Eine Sonderform ist der dem
Rettungsdienst zugehörige Gemeindenotfallsanitäter. Die Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Organisationssysteme werden gegenübergestellt.
Ethics in canine reproduction – a survey among veterinarians who provide canine reproductive services
Authors: Arlt Sebastian P. , Øvregaard Helen
Published: November 2021

Objective Several dog breeds suffer from health and welfare problems due to unfavorable anatomies and high prevalence of inherited diseases. Veterinarians should care for animal health and welfare but they may also be involved in breeding management including the use of reproductive techniques.

Material and methods An online survey was conducted to find out how veterinarians who are involved in small animal reproduction regard ethical issues, which services they provide, how they discuss and handle ethical concerns and talk about them with breeders.

Results In total, 83 participants mainly from Europe completed the online survey. Opinions on which interventions are ethical or not were heterogeneous. Most respondents (79.2 %) found it ethical to perform artificial insemination (AI) in dogs which did not reproduce naturally before. However, 62.7 % of participants stated that surgical insemination is not ethical. Elective cesarean sections are considered not ethical by approximately half of the participants. A closer look at responses to the questions of whether AI is ethical under specific conse quences suggests that most veterinarians are making ethical and value judgments in terms of what is justifiable or not. However, more than 80 % feel at least sometimes compromised by ethical conflicts.

Clinical relevance This research intended to foster discussion of this topic. International strategies should be developed to support solving conflicts and dilemmas related to ethical issues in dog breeding and assisted reproduction, as well as diminishing physical disabilities and heritable diseases.
Moderate Intensity Cycling Combined with Cognitive Dual-task Improves
Selective Attention
Authors: Kunzler Marcos Roberto , Carpes Felipe P.
Published: November 2021

Physical and cognitive exercises have positive long-term effects on cognitive
capacities. However, acute effects still are controversial. Here we determine
the acute effects of physical exercise combined with concurrent cognitive
exercise on cognitive performance in young adults. Simple reaction time,
selective attention, and memory were evaluated in 23 young men before and after
30 min of stationary cycling exercise, 30 min of stationary
cycling exercise combined with cognitive exercise, and 30 min of rest.
Exercise intensity was continuously controlled to ensure exercise at moderate
intensity. We found that physical exercise combined with cognitive dual-task
improves selective attention. Both exercise conditions showed similar effects on
simple reaction time, and memory was not affected by the different exercise
conditions. We conclude that the combination of cycling exercise at moderate
intensity with a cognitive exercise acutely improves selective attention in
young adults. These results can be of particular interest for interventions
aiming at improving selective attention in sports and for older adults and
individuals with difficulty to suppress and filter out task-irrelevant
information, like when receiving instruction or learning a new task or
concept.
Mass-Like Extreme Wall Thickening of the Entire Common Bile Duct in a Case of Portal Cavernoma Cholangiopathy
Authors: Gunasekaran Veeraraghavan , Mohan Supraja Laguduva , Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha Vellathussery , Senthamizhselvan Kuppusamy
Published: November 2021

Portal cavernoma cholangiopathy (PCC) refers to the cholangiographic abnormalities that occur in patients with portal cavernoma. These abnormalities may be either due to chronic portal vein thrombosis or extrahepatic portal vein occlusion. These abnormalities occur due to enlargement of the bridging tortuous paracholedochal, epicholedochal, and cholecystic veins exerting pressure on the bile ducts. Ischemic changes can also occur in the bile duct due to portal vein thrombosis, which affects the microvascular circulation or associated hepatic artery thrombosis. These may be either reversible with shunt procedures such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or irreversible in the advanced stage, leading to recurrent episodes of biliary pain, cholangitis, and cholestasis. Occasionally it may present as mass-like diffuse common bile duct (CBD) wall thickening, which may be confused with mimickers like primary CBD lymphoma, immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis, and even cholangiocarcinoma on imaging. Thus, we need to be aware of the mass-forming PCC imaging findings to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures like biopsy or surgical intervention. Here, we present a case of PCC, which presented as mass-like diffuse CBD wall thickening with patent lumen on ultrasound that led to further workup with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The wall thickening showed persistent delayed enhancement, no significant diffusion restriction, and there was also associated superior mesenteric vein thrombosis with multiple mesenteric collaterals. A positron emission tomography-CT scan also ruled out malignant disease as there was no uptake. Finally, a diagnosis of mass-forming PCC was made by combining imaging features and excluding other causes.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Split Foot Malformation due to 7q21.2q21.3 Deletion Including COL1A2, DLX5/6 Genes: Review of the Literature
Authors: Öztürk Özden , Bagis Haydar , Bolu Semih
Published: November 2021

Copy number variation in loss of 7q21 is a genetic disorder characterized by split hand/foot malformation, hearing loss, developmental delay, myoclonus, dystonia, joint laxity, and psychiatric disorders. Osteogenesis imperfecta caused by whole gene deletions of COL1A2 is a very rare condition. We report a Turkish girl with ectrodactyly, joint laxity, multiple bone fractures, blue sclera, early teeth decay, mild learning disability, and depression. A copy number variant in loss of 4.8 Mb at chromosome 7 (q21.2q21.3) included the 58 genes including DLX5, DLX6, DYNC1I1, SLC25A13, SGCE, and COL1A2. They were identified by chromosomal microarray analysis. We compared the findings in our patients with those previously reported. This case report highlights the importance of using microarray to identify the genetic etiology in patients with ectrodactyly and osteogenesis imperfecta.
Design method of optical detection systems based on transimpedance amplifiers
Authors: Vázquez Patricia M. E. , Veiras Francisco E. , Ciocci Brazzano Ligia , Sorichetti Patricio A.
Published: November 2021

Designing detection systems based on transimpedance amplifiers is a complex task because noise, frequency response, and stability are coupled constraints. This work presents a straightforward design method of detection systems based on transimpedance amplifiers. We take into account the objectives, scope of the design, and requirements and specifications, including the input signal levels. According to the small-signal model, the noise and stability are analyzed in detail. We present a systematic procedure to search for the acceptable values of the feedback network components based on these analyses. Then, we define a merit function to compare the performance of the acceptable combinations of feedback network components. For every acceptable combination, the function gives a quantitative measure of the degree of compliance for each design parameter: signal-to-noise ratio, highest operating frequency, and phase margin. As an example, we apply the method to optimize the design of an optical detection system using a PIN photodiode and a low-noise operational amplifier.
A fast algorithm for computing the Boys function
Authors: Beylkin Gregory , Sharma Sandeep
Published: November 2021

We present a new fast algorithm for computing the Boys function using a nonlinear approximation of the integrand via exponentials. The resulting algorithms evaluate the Boys function with real and complex valued arguments and are competitive with previously developed algorithms for the same purpose.
Random invariant manifolds of stochastic evolution equations driven by Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises
Authors: Liu Xianming
Published: November 2021

The goal of this work is to compare the invariant manifold of the stochastic evolution equation driven by an α-stable process with the invariant manifold of the stochastic evolution equation forced by Brownian motion. First, we show that the solution of the Marcus stochastic evolution equation driven by a type of α-stable process converges to the solution of the related Stratonovich stochastic evolution equation forced by Brownian motion. Then, we study the invariant stable manifold of the stochastic evolution equation driven by an α-stable process. Finally, we prove that the invariant stable manifold of the Marcus stochastic evolution equation driven by an α-stable process converges in probability to the invariant stable manifold of the Stratonovich stochastic evolution equation forced by Brownian motion. The connection between the random dynamical system driven by non-Gaussian noise and the random dynamical system driven by Gaussian noise is established.
Classical electronic and molecular dynamics simulation for optical response of metal system
Authors: Yamada Atsushi
Published: November 2021

An extended molecular dynamics simulation that incorporates classical free electron dynamics in the framework of the force-field model has been developed to enable us to describe the optical response of metal materials under the visible light electric field. In the simulation, dynamical atomic point charges follow equations of motion of classical free electrons that include Coulomb interactions with the oscillating field and surrounding atomic sites and collision effects from nearby electrons and ions. This scheme allows us to simulate an interacting system of metals with molecules using an ordinary polarizable force-field and preserves energy conservation in the case without applying an external electric field. As the first applications, we show that the presented simulation accurately reproduces (i) the classical image potential in a metal–charge interaction system and (ii) the dielectric function of bulk metal. We also demonstrate (iii) calculations of absorption spectra of metal nano-particles with and without a water solvent at room temperature, showing reasonable red-shift by the solvent effect, and (iv) plasmon resonant excitation of the metal nano-particle in solution under the visible light pulse and succeeding energy relaxation of the absorbed light energy from electrons to atoms on the metal and to the water solvent. Our attempt thus opens the possibility to expand the force-field based molecular dynamics simulation to an alternative tool for optical-related fields.
First-principles study of hydrogen adsorption behavior in C15 Laves phase compound ZrV2
Authors: Song Yi , Feng Yan , Feng Xinge , Cheng Yongjun , Sun Wenjun , Pei Xiaoqiang , Dong Meng , Feng Tianyou , Qiu Yuntao , Wu Chengyao
Published: November 2021

The hydrogen absorption behavior of C15 Laves phase compounds ZrV2 has been systematically investigated by the first-principles calculations. In the C15 Laves phase, hydrogen atoms can occupy three possible tetrahedral interstitial positions—2A2B, 1A3B, and 4B—in which the 2A2B site, being the largest interstitial space among the three possible positions, is the most favorable interstitial site. In addition, 2A2B and 1A3B sites can form some ordered clathrate-type structures to provide diffusion paths for hydrogen atoms to move inside the ZrV2 compounds. According to the calculated barrier energies of H atoms in different diffusion paths in ZrV2, it is found that hydrogen atoms prefer intra-ring diffusion to inter-ring diffusion, although inter-ring diffusion provides a non-negligible contribution to the overall H diffusion process. However, the existence of 1A3B sites can facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen atoms in adjacent six-membered rings. Finally, the absorption energies and electronic structures of ZrV2Hx (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 12) were computed, and the results show that the hydrogen content reaches its maximum on the condition of 6 < x < 7. Moreover, hydrogen atoms make a stronger covalent bond with V atoms than with Zr atoms.
THz time-domain characterization of amplifying quantum-cascade metasurface
Authors: Shen Yue , Kim Anthony D. , Shahili Mohammad , Curwen Christopher A. , Addamane Sadhvikas , Reno John L. , Williams Benjamin S.
Published: November 2021

An amplifying quantum-cascade (QC) metasurface, the key component of the QC vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL), is studied as a function of injected current density using reflection-mode terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Nearly perfect absorption is measured at zero bias, which is associated with the transition from the weak to strong coupling condition between the metasurface resonance and an intersubband transition within the QC material. An increase in reflectance is observed as the device is biased, both due to reduction in intersubband loss and the presence of intersubband gain. Significant phase modulation associated with the metasurface resonance is observed via electrical control, which may be useful for electrical tuning of QC-VECSEL. These results provide insight into the interaction between the intersubband QC-gain material and the metasurface and modify the design rules for QC-VECSELs for both biased and unbiased regions.
Adaptive four-level modeling of laser cooling of solids
Authors: Jin Weiliang , Guo Cheng , Orenstein Meir , Fan Shanhui
Published: November 2021

Laser cooling of rare-earth doped solids has been demonstrated across a wide range of material platforms, inspiring the development of simple phenomenological models such as the four-level model to elucidate the universal properties of laser cooling under various operating conditions. However, these models usually require the input of full absorption spectra that must be provided experimentally or by additional complicated atomic modeling. In this Letter, we propose that a four-level model, when extended to admit effective energy levels adaptive to the pumping photon energy, can accurately predict the cooling efficiency as a function of temperature and pumping frequency using only few inputs such as the absorption coefficient measured at a single frequency and temperature. Our model exploits the quasi-equilibrium properties of the excitation of rare-earth ions for the determination of the effective four energy levels. The model is validated against published experimental results for a span of materials including ytterbium/thulium-doped glass and crystals. With the verified model, we derive explicit expressions for the optimal frequency and the operating bandwidth of pumping lasers. Our model significantly simplifies the modeling process of laser cooling and is expected to stimulate further development of optical refrigeration.