bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic neuropathic pain after traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in the upper extremity: prevalence, demographic and surgical determinants, impact on health and on pain medication
Authors: Miclescu Adriana , Straatmann Antje , Gkatziani Panagiota , Butler Stephen , Karlsten Rolf , Gordh Torsten
Published: September 2019

Background and aims

Aside from the long term side effects of a nerve injury in the upper extremity with devastating consequences there is often the problem of chronic neuropathic pain. The studies concerning the prevalence of persistent pain of neuropathic origin after peripheral nerve injuries are sparse. The prevalence and risk factors associated with chronic neuropathic pain after nerve injuries in the upper extremity were assessed.

Methods

A standardized data collection template was employed prospectively and retrospectively for all patients with traumatic nerve injuries accepted at the Hand Surgery Department, Uppsala, Sweden between 2010 and 2018. The template included demographic data, pain diagnosis, type of injured nerve, level of injury, date of the lesion and repair, type of procedure, reoperation, time since the procedure, S-LANSS questionnaire (Self report-Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs), RAND-36 (Item short form health survey), QuickDASH (Disability of Shoulder, Arm and Hand) and additional questionnaires concerned medication, pain intensity were sent to 1,051 patients with nerve injuries. Partial proportional odds models were used to investigate the association between persistent pain and potential predictors.

Results

More than half of the patients undergoing a surgical procedure developed persistent pain. Prevalence of neuropathic pain was 73% of the patients with pain (S-LANSS ≥ 12 or more). Multivariate analysis indicated that injury of a major nerve OR 1.6 (p = 0.013), years from surgery OR 0.91 (p = 0.01), younger age OR 0.7 (p < 0.001), were the main factors for predicting pain after surgery. The type of the nerve injured was the strongest predictor for chronic pain with major nerves associated with more pain (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of chronic pain and neuropathic pain with a negative impact on quality of life and disability were found in patients after traumatic nerve injury. Major nerve injury, younger age and less time from surgery were predictors for chronic pain.
Politische Förderung von nachhaltigen Mobilitätsangeboten im Tourismus
Authors: Quack Heinz-Dieter , Koppenhagen Thorsten , Thiele Franziska , Dembowski Nina Martha
Published: September 2019

Die Förderung von nachhaltiger Mobilität ist eine verantwortungsvolle und herausfordernde Querschnittsaufgabe der Politik. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender globaler Tourismusströme und dem damit verbundenen Verkehrsaufkommen ist die Bereitstellung von Fördermitteln und politischen Strategien und Konzepten, die eine nachhaltige Mobilität im Tourismus sicherstellen, wichtiger denn je. Die Berücksichtigung von Belangen touristischer Branchen, Ziel- und Akteursgruppen innerhalb der Förderprogramme von Bund und Ländern stellt dabei eine notwendige Konsequenz dar. In diesem Beitrag wird daher der Status Quo der aktuellen Förderlandschaft im Bereich Mobilität untersucht und entsprechende Schlussfolgerungen für die zukünftige Gestaltung von Programmen, welche nachhaltige Mobilität im Tourismus fördern, abgeleitet.
Results of the ASTM Round Robin on Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing of a P91 Steel
Authors: Narasimhachary Santosh B. , Saxena Ashok
Published: September 2019

This article summarizes the results of a round robin (RR) study begun in 2013 to evaluate ASTM E2760-10, Standard Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Testing (Superseded). Thirteen laboratories from around the world conducted testing and reported results. The test material was a creep-ductile, ASTM Grade P91 9Cr-1Mo steel. All testing was performed using nominally 50-mm-wide compact tension specimens at a test temperature of 625°C using trapezoidal waveforms with hold times of 0, 60, and 600 s. The 600-s hold time condition was the primary condition used for assessing interlaboratory variability among crack growth rates. Loading/unloading times were 2 s each. All laboratories tested duplicate specimens that were identical in all respects except for the force amplitude levels. Results from prior studies that included tensile, creep deformation and rupture, and low-cycle fatigue properties were available for the analysis of tests conducted as part of this RR testing. Crack growth rates at 600-s hold time reported by six laboratories fall within a 95 % confidence band (interlaboratory variability) separated by a factor of 6.16 when correlated with ΔK, 10.76 when correlated with measured vales of (Ct)avg, and 7.17 when correlated with calculated values of (Ct)avg.
Determining rock armour stability under the stress of wave loading
Authors: Čehovin Jerneja , Žagar Dušan
Published: September 2019

We compare the Iribarren, Hudson, and Van der Meer methods for designing rock armour revetments and breakwaters using fictive but plausible wave parameters. The obtained results show relatively high discrepancy. The Hudson method requires elements of almost twice the weight of those calculated using the Irribaren method, and the difference in maximum wave resistance is between 20 and 30%. Compared to the Hudosn method, the duration of storms causing 5, 20 and 30% damage to rock armour designed using the Iribarren method is two-fold lower for the trunk and almost an order of magnitude lower for the head of the rock armour. We suggest that the designers choose a method upon thoughtful consideration of the structure's purpose and importance, and of potential damage due to the structure's either partial or complete collapse.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ ЕSР: АВТЕНТИЧНІ ЗАВДАННЯ ЧИ ТРАДИЦІЙНІ ПІДРУЧНИКИ
Authors: BABIAK Janna , DZHYDZHORA Liliana , PERENCHUK Olga
Published: September 2019

Стаття має на меті проаналізувати та порівняти використання автентичних матеріалів і традиційних підручників на заняттях ESP. Автори порівнюють переваги і можливі недоліки обох типів матеріалів. У статті також йдеться про ставлення і преференції викладачів  ESP щодо доцільності вибору того чи іншого матеріалу. З цією метою авторами було проведено соціологічне дослідження із залученням викладачів ESP кафедри української та іноземних мов Тернопільського національного університету імені І. У статті робиться спроба розробити деякі рекомендації стосовно вибору навчального матеріалу для занять ESP.
The Drosophila melanogaster PIF1 Helicase Promotes Survival During Replication Stress and Processive DNA Synthesis During Double-Strand Gap Repair
Authors: Kocak Ece , Dykstra Sarah , Nemeth Alexandra , Coughlin Catherine G , Rodgers Kasey , McVey Mitch
Published: September 2019

PIF1 is a 5′ to 3′ DNA helicase that can unwind double-stranded DNA and disrupt nucleic acid-protein complexes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pif1 plays important roles in mitochondrial and nuclear genome maintenance, telomere length regulation, unwinding of G-quadruplex structures, and DNA synthesis during break-induced replication. Some, but not all, of these functions are shared with other eukaryotes. To gain insight into the evolutionarily conserved functions of PIF1, we created pif1 null mutants in Drosophila melanogaster and assessed their phenotypes throughout development. We found that pif1 mutant larvae exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyurea, but not other DNA damaging agents, experience reduced survival to adulthood. Embryos lacking PIF1 fail to segregate their chromosomes efficiently during early nuclear divisions, consistent with a defect in DNA replication. Furthermore, loss of the BRCA2 protein, which is required for stabilization of stalled replication forks in metazoans, causes synthetic lethality in third instar larvae lacking either PIF1 or the polymerase delta subunit POL32. Interestingly, pif1 mutants have a reduced ability to synthesize DNA during repair of a double-stranded gap, but only in the absence of POL32. Together, these results support a model in which Drosophila PIF1 functions with POL32 during times of replication stress but acts independently of POL32 to promote synthesis during double-strand gap repair.
Monotonicity as an effective theory of morphosyntactic variation
Authors: Graf Thomas
Published: September 2019

One of the major goals of linguistics is to delineate the possible range of variation across languages. Recent work has identified a surprising number of typological gaps in a variety domains. In morphology, this includes stem suppletion, person pronoun syncretism, case syncretism, and noun stem allomorphy. In morphosyntax, only a small number of all conceivable Person Case Constraints and Gender Case Constraints are found. While various proposals have been put forward for each individual domain, few attempts have been made to give a unified explanation of the limited typology across all domains. This paper presents a novel account that deliberately abstracts away from the usual details of grammatical description in order to provide a domain-agnostic explanation of the limits of typological variation. This is achieved by combining prominence hierarchies, e.g. for person and case, with mappings from those hierarchies to the relevant output forms. As the mappings are required to be monotonic, only a fraction of all conceivable patterns can be instantiated.
Trato procesal y uso de la detención preventiva en una muestra de audiencias de control de garantías en Bogotá y Cali
Authors: Rengifo Andrés F , Ávila Lorena , Gélvez Juan David , Ramírez Lucía , Mora Paula
Published: September 2019

Este artículo examina los factores que condicionan el trato y la disposición preliminar de casos penales. Para esto estimamos modelos multivariados basados en la observación aleatoria de audiencias en Bogotá y Cali (N = 330), lo que incluyó la recolección de datos sobre el comportamiento de los jueces, sus decisiones y las características de las personas detenidas. Se demuestra que factores "extralegales", como, por ejemplo, el tipo de defensa o el origen étnico o racial de los procesados, están asociados con la variación en el trato e imposición de la detención preventiva, además de criterios "legales" relacionados con la gravedad de los delitos y las condenas previas.
Szerhasználó várandós és kisgyermekes nők anyaság-fogalmának feltárása
Authors: Kaló Zsuzsa
Published: September 2019

Elméleti háttér: A szerhasználó várandós és kisgyermekes nők témaköre erősen stigmatizált a szakmai- és közbeszédben, társadalomtudományi szempontból kevéssé kutatott. A megoldásokat, szakmai protokollokat, vizsgálatok eredményeit összefoglaló tanulmányok nagyrészt egyetértenek abban, hogy a téma megértéséhez komplex, biopszichoszociális megközelítés szükséges, valamint az elérhető adatok alapján a nyugati társadalmakban valamilyen fokú szerhasználat várható a várandósság alatt. Cél: A vizsgálat célja feltárni szerhasználó nők terhességhez és anyasághoz való viszonyát. A kvalitatív módszerű idiografikus esettanulmány feminista-fenomenológiai paradigmában vizsgálja a jelenségeket, ahogyan azt a résztvevők élményeik és tapasztalataik alapján értelmezik. Módszer: A résztvevők toborzása 2009-2014 között egy várandós szerhasználók részére fenntartott budapesti ártalomcsökkentő szolgáltatás keretében történt. A minta (n = 34) összetétele aktív szerhasználók vagy opioidhelyettesítő programban lévő várandós nők vagy kisgyermekes (3 év alatti gyermekkel) anyák (átlagéletkor: 29 év; terjedelem: 18-43 év). Az adatgyűjtés módszerei: 1. résztvevői megfigyelés (2009-2013 között hetente egy nap az ártalomcsökkentő programban); 2. félig-strukturált interjúk (n = 32, tematikus blokkok: élettörténet, szerhasználói élmények, kapcsolat az egészségügyi-szociális ellátórendszerrel, a várandósság élménye, az anyasággal kapcsolatos tapasztalatok, elvárások); és 3. mélyinterjúk (n = 2, aktív interjúkészítési technikával készített utánkövetéses interjúk az anyaság tapasztalatainak témájában). Az adatelemzés tematikus elemzéssel (TA) készült. A résztvevők várandóság és anyaság fogalmainak jelentésstruktúráit a főbb témák azonosítása mentén interpretáltam. Eredmények: A főbb témák a terhesség értelmezésében: a magzattal való kapcsolat, az anyagi bizonytalanság, az énkép változásai és az ellátórendszerrel való kapcsolat; az anyaság értelmezésében: a szerepmodellek, minták, az anyaság mint fordulópont, a változás kiindulópontja, a gyermekkel való kapcsolat és az anyagiak. Következtetések: Az anyaság egy olyan fordulópont, a változás olyan kiindulópontja, amely képessé teszi a szerhasználó nőket arra, hogy autonómmá váljanak. A gyermek válik a legfontosabbá az életükben, lesz valakiért „tenni, harcolni, leszokni”. Az anyaság újfajta autonómiájában, újfajta függés alakul ki immáron a gyermekétől, akinek a fordulópontot köszönheti, aki miatt rendeződtek anyagi és lakhatási ügyei, akivel minden idejét együtt tölti. Ambivalencia és függőség jellemzi az anyaságot, ha ebben az új keretben a függőség valójában a társadalomtól, a jóléti rendszertől való függőséget jelenti is.
Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: ÇETİN Kemal , DENİZLİ Fatma , YAVUZ Handan , TÜRKMEN Deniz , QURESHİ Tahira , DENİZLİ Adil
Published: September 2019

The combination of magnetism and nanotechnology has presented promising materials: magnetic nanoparticles. These
materials have been getting more attention due to their “size‐dependent functionality”. There is a critical size for nanoparticles that their properties change. Materials with various functions can be synthesized with the desired properties since
a wide range of polymers including natural and synthetic polymers can be utilized in the production of the magnetic nanoparticles. Furthermore, they can be more selective and specific with the conjugation target-specific ligands. This structural
and functional diversity enables these materials to be used in a wide range of areas. In this review, we discuss the main components of the magnetic nanoparticles and their examples in biomedical applications. They can be used as contrast agents
in magnetic resonance imaging; delivery systems in the controlled release of therapeutic agents; supporting materials for
separation, isolation, and purification of biomolecules. They can be also functioned in hyperthermia and magnetofection
for gene therapy. However, even though their increasing research interest, magnetic nanoparticles still need to be improved
to be more popular in the commercial area. We hope that these functional materials will present promising possibilities in
nanotechnology and biomedicine in near future.
Süt Çocukluğu Döneminde Tanı Alan Wıllıams-Beuren Sendromu Vakası: Erken Tanının Önemi
Authors: BUĞRUL Fuat , DUYMUŞ Fahrettin
Published: September 2019

Williams-Beuren sendromu (WBS) 7. kromozomun uzun kolunun 11.23 bölgesinin mikrodelesyonu sonucu oluşan 1/ 20.000 sıklığında görülen nadir bir hastalıktır. Karakteristik yüz özelliklerine zihinsel yetersizlik, konjenital kalp anomalileri ve endokrin bozukluklar eşlik edebilir. Tanı klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularıyla şüphelenilen vakalarda floresan in situ hibridizasyon (FISH) yöntemi kullanılarak delesyonun gösterilmesiyle konur. Bu yazıda, WBS tanısı alan 8 aylıkbir vakanın tipik ve atipik bulguları tanımlanmış ve erken tanının öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.
Techno-economic evaluation of five-level nested neutral point clamped converter topology for transformer-less connection of high-power wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Ajayi-Obe Akinola A. , Khan Mohamed A. , Barendse Paul S.
Published: September 2019

Developers and operators are interested in improving the reliability and reducing the associated costs of wind power plants (WPPs) because of the continuous increase in the power capacity of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) and the increasing development of WPPs. The electrical subsystem of the WPP experiences the highest failure rate and constitutes a significant proportion of its total cost. Reliability of the WECS can be increased and its cost reduced by eliminating the wind turbine transformer from the electrical subsystem. This study gives a techno-economic evaluation of a five-level nested neutral point clamped (NNPC) converter topology for transformer-less connection of high- power WECSs. The approach entailed the calculation of reliability of five-level NNPC converter topology deployed in the grid-side of a WECSs. This method presents a mathematical formula for deriving the reliability of a five-level NNPC converter topology by using the reliability block diagram and reliability estimation-based models in the military handbook (MIL-HDBK-217F). The cost analysis model shows that the total cost of the five-level diode clamped converter topology was higher than the five-level NNPC converter topology. The study could be extended by carrying out accurate modelling of the mission profile of the presented converter by using multi-domain simulation technique.
Pyrolytic topping of coal-algae composite under mild inert conditions
Authors: Baloyi Hope , Dugmore Gary
Published: September 2019

Co-processing of coal and biomass has been a focus of several research studies aimed at addressing the negative environmental attributes associated with thermal processing of coal alone, as well as improving the thermal behaviour of coal. Biomass materials are regarded as a clean, renewable source, so thermal co-processing of biomass with coal is considered an effective way to utilise coal in a sustainable manner. In this study, coal fines were blended with Scenedesmus microalgae slurry to form a coal-algae composite. Pyrolytic topping of coal-algae composite was performed at 450 ºC on a batch reactor. Parent fuels and resultant chars were analysed for their proximate properties using an Eltra thermostep TGA; a Vario EL cube Elementar was used to determine the elemental composition of the chars and oils. A simulated distillation (SimDis) method was used to determine the boiling point distribution of the produced oils. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of microalgae slurry on the pyrolytic behaviour of waste coal fines with respect to product yields, composition and quality. Results showed that the yields of volatile components from pyrolysis of coal-algae composite were high compared with those from pyrolysis of coal alone. A significant degree of deoxygenation, dehydrogenation and denitrification was observed in coal-algae char than coal char. SimDis results showed that the fossil bio-crude oil has different boiling point characteristics from coal tar. The study has shown that microalgae slurry has potential to influence the pyrolytic behaviour of waste coal under mild inert conditions.
Comparison of Teaching Instruction Efficiency in Physics through the Invested Self-Perceived Mental Effort
Authors: Radulović Branka , Stojanović Maja
Published: September 2019

The main goal of the research is to determine how certain teaching instruction methods affect the achievement and mental efforts of high school students needed for learning Fluid Mechanics topic in Physics. Determining mental effort or cognitive load as a wider concept helps obtain important data, which can be used to identify teaching instruction menthods, which result in higher performance and motivation. This research is aimed to examine the efficiency of three approaches to teaching physics, which are most common in the Republic of Serbia. These are: an approach based on the use of laboratory inquiry-based experiments (LIBE), an approach based on the use of interactive computer-based simulation (ICBS) and a traditional teaching approach (TA). The article describes an experimental study conducted with two experimental and one control groups. The research was conducted on a sample of six high school classes in a gymnasium with advanced study in Natural Science and Mathematics in Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia. The total sample count was 187 students (mean age 16 years). The main conclusions of the research are that there is a causal link between the teaching instruction method applied and the achievement, or the self-perceived mental effort, of a student. Students, who were learning the teaching content through LIBE or ICS approach, have achieved better results in the knowledge test and estimatd their mental effort to be lower compared to the students, who were learning the same content through traditional teaching approach applied. The reasearch also showed, that LIBE or ICBS teaching approaches achieve higher levels of instructional efficiency and instructional involvement compared to the traditional teaching approach.
The Concept of Skills Mismatch and the Problem of Measuring Cognitive Skills Mismatch in Cross-National Studies
Authors: Maltseva Vera
Published: September 2019

Skill mismatch implies discrepancy between the skills of job candidates or employed workers and job requirements. Types of mismatch are identified based on three criteria: quality of mismatch (surplus vs shortage), reporting party (employer vs worker/candidate), and type of skills (cognitive vs technical). Differences in types of skill mismatch account for considerable variation in qualitative interpretation and quantitative measurement. The problem of skill mismatch has been widely debated across the OECD countries, yet it remains understudied in Russian research literature. The issue raises concerns among education and labor market researchers as well as practitioners, so this article analyzes the available findings from the prospective of their potential use by educational institutions being the key consumers of data on skill mismatch and the ones that should tackle the problem.

Five types of skill mismatch are identified, along with the specific challenges of measurement and interpretation. The article describes three methods of skill mismatch measurement to be selected as a function of which type of skill supply and demand data is used: indirect, objective direct, and subjective direct measurement. It also classifies methods of measuring the cognitive skills gap in the major cross-national studies: PIAAC, STEP, and OECD Skills for Jobs Database. It transpires that cross-national comparisons of cognitive skills mismatch mostly have to use a mixed approach due to limitations typical of cross-country research, such as the lack of objective data on skills demand and relying on subjective or indirect data alone. For this reason, the results of most cross-national skills mismatch assessments cannot be implemented by educational institutions.
RAT-ChIP - Restriction Assisted Tagmentation Chromatin Immunoprecipitation v1
Authors: Org Tonis , Hensen Kati , Kreevan Rita , Mark Elina , Sarv Olav , Andreson Reidar , Jaakma Ülle , Salumets Andres , Kurg Ants
Published: September 2019

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of chromatin-related biological processes. The method, however, requires thousands of cells and has therefore limited applications in situations where cell numbers are limited. Here we describe a novel method called Restriction Assisted Tagmentation Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (RAT-ChIP) that enables global histone modification profiling from as few as 100 cells. The method is simple, cost-effective and takes a single day to complete.
Elastic properties of cortical bone using an ultrasonic technique v1
Authors: Zapata Uriel , Dechow Paul , Wang Qian
Published: September 2019

Because the used specimen´s size is too small for mechanical testing, elastic properties are assessed using an ultrasonic technique. Calculation of three-dimensional elastic properties is performed using ultrasonic techniques in cortical bone, assuming orthotropic structure and using measurements of transmission velocities of longitudinal and transverse waves in multiple fixed orientations.
Gel Electrophoresis v1
Authors: Balletbó Alba
Published: September 2019

Gel electrophoresis is the standard lab procedure for separating DNA by size (e.g., length in base pairs) for visualization and purification. Electrophoresis uses an electrical field to move the negatively charged DNA through an agarose gel matrix toward a positive electrode. Shorter DNA fragments migrate through the gel more quickly than longer ones. Thus, you can determine the approximate length of a DNA fragment by running it on an agarose gel alongside a DNA ladder (a collection of DNA fragments of known lengths).
PRINCIPLES OF PHASED REORGANIZATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASED ON INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: AHMEDOVA Elena A. , VAVILONSKAYA Tatiana V.
Published: September 2019

The article discusses the main criteria for selection of the Russian Federation regions as a pilot sites in the federal program «Smart City. Successful region». The concept of participation in the Samara region has been developed. Indicators of the expected eff ectiveness of this innovative project are disclosed. Proposed new approaches to the development of Samara as a smart city. The socio-spatial basis of these approaches is the “triad of development agents”: a smart university, a smart city, a smart park factory. The scientifi c and design potential of Samara State Technical University is considered as a “smart” university. “Smart” park-factory is an industrial park of this University and its partners on the site of one of the former industrial enterprises. “Smart” city relies on the administrative and public organizations of urban development, activists of urban social movements. The goal is formulated and the objectives of a pilot project for the reorganization of the urban environment of the Samara city historical zone are stated. The pilot project goal and objectives for the urban environment reorganization of the Samara city historical zone are formulated. The selection and implementation of innovative technologies in the historic center of the city is determined by a number of proposed model projects - “Smart Quarter”, “Smart Street”, “Smart Square”. The expediency of introducing into the urban environment about 30 innovative technologies in the areas of resource conservation, public services, preservation of the architectural heritage, media technologies, transport and pedestrian infrastructure and fi scal taxation systems has been substantiated. Set out in detail six key criteria that determine а compliance of the historical sett lement to the “smart city” concept: technology, enЕ. vironmental friendliness, management, mobility, heritage, people. For Samara as a historic city, the necessity of creating a competence regional center in the fi eld of architectural heritage engineering restoration has been justifi ed. It is concluded that the future implementation of pilot projects will contribute to the formation a sustainable urban environment of the largest city historical center, focused on the digital economy.
FORMATION AND FEATURES OF CERTIFICATION OF RUSSIAN ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: SUKHININA Elena A.
Published: September 2019

The article describes the history of the creation of Russian “green” Councils and environmental standards in construction. The interrelation of domestic and foreign systems is revealed, the scope of application of ecostandards in Russia is determined. Sections of the environmental assessment of Russian standards are considered. The characteristic features of rating systems in Russia are identified. The analysis of the estimated categories of the ecocertification systems under consideration is carried out. It is concluded that at present, to improve the environmental friendliness of the architectural and urban planning space, Russian designers need separate versions of national ecostandards for architects and city planners, without overloading with technical and organizational requirements for certification.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAMARA EMBANKMENTS
Authors: MALYSHEVA Svetlana G.
Published: September 2019

Practical experience in the construction of urban embankments in coastal areas, as well as ways to implement possible projects are considered. The research task is to find a solution to new scenarios of the organic existence of the natural and man-made environment at the border of the city and water. Priority approaches are determined in solving the problem of organizing traffic flows along the coastline of urban areas. The analysis of the foreign experience of the last two decades, which substantiates the ways to comprehensively solve the complex problem of modern development of coastal territories, is carried out. Examples illustrate options for shaping public spaces of embankments and improving the transport situation in an urban environment of coastal zones.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ST. PETERSBURG AGGLOMERATION IN THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: SEMENTSOV Sergey V. , AKULOVA Nadezhda A.
Published: September 2019

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the beginning of the development program for the development of the largest St. Petersburg agglomeration in north-western Russia for the next 15-20 years (up to the 2030s). The specific goal of the article was to study the third, most mature stage of development of the metropolitan St. Petersburg agglomeration in 1801-1916. (taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of agglomeration at the previous stages). In the study of this topic, an integrated urban planning-landscape, functional and socio-economic analysis was used, based on a parallel study of archival materials and data of historical cartography. The main results were the conclusions that during the XIX - early XX centuries. the purposeful crystallization of the grand agglomeration was carried out, which included three belts: “external”, “middle”, “near” (as zones of intensive agglomeration), spatially extending from Yaroslavl to Riga. The near zone of agglomeration (zone of intensive agglomeration) united the belt zone (around St. Petersburg and the largest settlements and complexes), linear (along radial and ring highways) and nodal (around individual large settlements) constructions, extending in the latitudinal direction from the estuary of the r. Syasi to Narva and Ivangorod, and in the meridian direction - from the coast of the Gulf of Finland from Ino to the city of Luga. As part of this agglomeration, four subagglomerations were already being formed. This variant of the spatial formation and unique structuring of the metropolitan St. Petersburg agglomeration with the parallel development of subagglomerations is nonstandard for the world history of urban planning. The article materials can be useful both for historians of urban planning and for modern urbanists.
STAGES OF HISTORICAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF ORENBURG
Authors: AYUKASOVA Larisa K. , VORONTSOVA Olesya N.
Published: September 2019

The article aims to consider the development and preservation of the urban structure of the city as a result of historical transformations. As a result of the analysis, the authors propose, in addition to the existing system of periodization Of Russian urban planning (pre-Soviet, Soviet, post-Soviet periods), a system of division into stages associated with the peculiarities of the territorial development of the city of Orenburg against the background of the historical context. As a result of research 8 stages of historical development of Orenburg and the spatial transformations of planning structure of the city connected with them are allocated. Particular attention is paid to the description of the first stage - the laying and construction of the fortress city as a supporting Outpost of the Russian state. A brief description of the Russian urban ideology of the XVIII century as a General concept of spatial organization of cities of that time is given.
USE OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES AND ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING METHODS OF DEALING WITH ADVERSE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: POTIENKO Natalya D. , VOLKOVA A. A
Published: September 2019

The article reveals issues related to the relevance of the use of energy efficient technologies and architectural and planning methods of dealing with adverse climatic conditions in the modern world. The concept of extremality is revealed in architecture and a classification of extreme conditions is presented. The analysis of the state policy in the field of efficient use of energy resources was carried out and the vector of development of energy saving programs for Russia was determined. The purpose of the work was based on the analysis of modern foreign design and construction experience to identify the advantages and disadvantages of facilities using energy efficient technologies and architectural planning methods to combat adverse climatic conditions, and determine the prospects of their use in the domestic construction practice. The study of the influence of extreme climatic conditions on the architectural and planning solutions of buildings was carried out and the peculiarities of their design, primarily related to the issues of improving energy efficiency, were revealed. It was concluded that the objects under study can be considered as one of the directions for the development of sustainable architecture.
Liability for debtor’s insolvency (bankruptcy) in Russia from 18th to 21st centuries
Authors: Kurkin P. D.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the examination of legal liability in the sphere of insolvency (bankruptcy) in Russia during the period from 18th to 19th centuries. Within the framework of the study, the author has analyzed peculiarities of the design of the legal norms of Tsarist Russia regulating liability in the sphere of bankruptcy and considered the categories of debtors. The author examines the current legislation dividing debtor’s liability for insolvency (bankruptcy) into liability under criminal, administrative and civil law, highlights the correlation between the types of liability in question. In addition, the author has carried out a comparative study of legal liability in the sphere of bankruptcy with the help of historical method, identified causes and gaps of the legal regulation of liability issues for debtor’s insolvency (bankruptcy).
Risks of genomic research
Authors: Pestrikova A. A.
Published: September 2019

The article considers the main achievements in the field of genetic engineering and biomedicine in the context of formation of the concept of legal regulation of relations in question. The article considers the issues of applying the human DNA editing technology considered by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics in July 2018. The author substantiates the necessity of determining the legal status of the embryo for its use in clinical trials of gene modifications. The paper considers the risks regarding the use of genetic engineering in relation to the person associated with the possibility of social inequality in the society, application of eugenistic approaches, and the probability of selecting the quality characteristics of embryos by parents resorting to in vitro fertilization. The author concludes that it is necessary to form national and international legislation that will protect the rights and legitimate interests of all subjects and will exclude circumvention of the law and abuse of the right. In addition, it is important to ensure international and public control over the use of the latest advances in genetic engineering and biomedicine prior to conducting clinical trials on humans.
Features of investigative actions at the initial stage of the investigation of criminal violations of privacy
Authors: Barinov S. V.
Published: September 2019

The features of the investigative actions carried out at the initial stage of the investigation of criminal privacy violations are considered. It is noted that in the process of selecting investigative actions and determining their sequence, the investigator builds up an investigation algorithm that takes into account the characteristics of the crime and the investigative situation. When choosing the investigative actions at the initial stage of the investigation, it should be borne in mind that they should be orienting and searching. 

The features of the production of interrogations of the victim and witnesses, a search, seizure and investigative examination of objects and documents are examined. An important source of guidance information is the receipt of information relevant to establishing the circumstances of the crime under investigation from organizations that provide communication services.

It is concluded that the high-quality production of investigative actions of the initial stage of the investigation, taking into account the specifics of criminal violations of privacy and the correct assessment of their results, should contribute to the development of versions of the involvement of specific individuals in the commission of the crime.
Clinical profile and etiological causes of pancytopenia: a study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mandli Lavanya
Published: September 2019

Background: Pancytopenia is a condition which involves the presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Symptoms of pancytopenia include fatigue, bleeding, dyspnea, and increased tendency to infections. The evaluation of pancytopenia is by complete blood picture and peripheral blood smear including that of reticulocytes. Bone marrow examination is extremely helpful.Methods: Demographic details were collected from all the patients and  physical examination was done. The patients were asked to undergo biochemical investigations, chest X rays and USG of abdomen. Smears were taken from peripheral blood as well as bone marrow biopsy and stained. Invasive procedure such as bone marrow biopsy is done if needed.Results: A predominance of males was seen over females and 11-30 years age group was the most affected. The most common cause was megaloblastic anemia followed by aplastic anemia and tuberculosis. The most common symptom were fatigue, dyspnea, fever and bleeding.Conclusion: Early identification of this disease would help in early planning for management thereby improving the survival rates.
The Practice and Promise of Citizenship
Authors: Vartija Devin
Published: September 2019

Frederick Cooper’s thought-provoking, globe-trotting history of concepts and practices of citizenship from antiquity to the present is an engaging book that sheds light on the difficulties we face in a globalizing and persistently unequal world.
R2* Relaxation Affects Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Cancer and Underestimates Treatment Response at 7 T
Authors: Kim Jana , Moestue Siver A. , Bathen Tone F. , Kim Eugene
Published: September 2019

Effective transverse relaxivity of gadolinium-based contrast agents is often neglected in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Here, we assess time and tissue dependence of R2* enhancement and its impact on pharmacokinetic parameter quantification and treatment monitoring. Multiecho DCE-MRI was performed at 7 T on mice bearing subcutaneous TOV-21G human ovarian cancer xenografts (n = 8) and on the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model (n = 7). Subsequently, the TOV-21G tumor-bearing mice were treated with bevacizumab and rescanned 2 days later. Pharmacokinetic analysis (extended Tofts model) was performed using either the first echo signal only (standard single-echo DCE-MRI) or the estimated signal at TE = 0 derived from exponential fitting of R2* relaxation (R2*-corrected). Neglecting R2* enhancement causes underestimation of Gd-DOTA concentration (peak enhancement underestimated by 9.4%–16% in TOV-21G tumors and 13%–20% in TRAMP prostates). Median Ktrans and ve were underestimated in every mouse (TOV-21G Ktrans: 11%–19%, TOV-21G ve: 5.3%–8.9%; TRAMP Ktrans: 8.6%–19%, TRAMP ve: 12%–21%). Bevacizumab treatment reduced Ktrans in all TOV-21G tumors after 48 hours. Treatment effect was significantly greater in all tumors after R2* correction (median change of −0.050 min−1 in R2*-corrected Ktrans vs. −0.037 min−1 in uncorrected Ktrans). R2* enhancement in DCE-MRI is both time- and tissue-dependent and may not be negligible at 7 T in tissue with high Ktrans. This has consequences for the use of Ktrans and other DCE-MRI parameters as biomarkers, because treatment effect size can be underestimated when R2* enhancement is neglected.
Analysis of the performance of the industrial Co-Mo catalyst for hydrotreatment
Authors: Samoilov N. A. , Melgunov M. S. , Zhilina V. A.
Published: September 2019

The process of hydrotreatment of diesel fuel (fraction 180–320 °C) over fresh and spent (after two-year operation in an industrial reactor) Co-Mo catalyst was studied. It was established that the sulfur contents were rather close to one another in the diesel fuel samples treated using the fresh and spent catalysts, even though the specific surface area was 40 % smaller in the spent catalyst compared to that in the fresh sample. Dependence of effective constant keff of hydrodesulfurization on the temperature of low-temperature hydrotreatment (below 320–330 °C) was characteristic of the kinetic range of heterogeneous catalysis complicated by external diffusion resistance. When the temperature was elevated up to 420 °C, the process of diesel hydrotreatment transferred to the external diffusion region. Activation energies of hydrodesulfurization were comparable over the spent and fresh catalysts (81.1 and 80.5 kJ/mol, respectively). A hypothesis of the specific catalyst deactivation was discussed.
The influence of the support nature and synthetic conditions on the structure-phase features and properties of the thermostable catalyst for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol
Authors: Vanchurin V. I. , Karachenko O. I. , Konkova T. V. , Alekhina M. B.
Published: September 2019

The reported data relate to the influence of the nature of the aluminosilica support and of the temperature of its treatment with the ammoniaccarbonate solution containing ammoniac-carbonate complex of copper on the specific surface area, chemical and phase composition of the precursor of the active component and on the properties of copper-containing catalyst for dedhydrogenation of cyclohexanol. Elevation of the treatment temperature of amorphous silica (white carbon) with the ammoniac-carbonate solution results in an increase in the proportion of the chemically anchored precursor up to its complete bonding to the support to form the immobilized phase. A higher thermostability of the catalyst supported on white carbon with boehmite compared to the catalysts supported on pyrogenous silica is demonstrated.
Julián Fuks e a imprescindível arte de resistir
Authors: Fabiana da Costa e Silva Natali
Published: September 2019

Publicada em 2015, a obra A resistência, de Julián Fuks, se inscreve na perspectiva da memória e revela um complexo jogo entre ficção e realidade. Foi qualificada pelos críticos literários como autoficção porque “rompe com o princípio de veracidade” sem, contudo, “aderir integralmente ao princípio da invenção” (FAEDRICH, 2015, p.46). É nessa intersecção entre o real e o ficcional que o narrador Sebastián, no ato de escrever um livro sobre seu irmão adotivo, tece nas malhas da narrativa sua vida familiar, o período turbulento da ditadura, o exílio dos pais, que tiveram de deixar a Argentina devido à perseguição política. Na convergência entre o “verdadeiro” e o “fabuloso”, escritor e narrador se confundem e a ficção coteja a realidade, pois Fuks, nascido em São Paulo em 1981, é filho de argentinos exilados e também tem um irmão adotado.
Obesity Review in GCC and New Evaluation Strategy
Authors: Rabeea Nada , Eldabi Tillal , M Kamel Dalia
Published: September 2019

Purpose: This paper aims to review literature in the area of obesity phenomena and solution for identifying existing research themes and future opportunities to better understand the relationship between factors that affect the obesity and Intervention done and make compassion on what is done globally and in GCC. Approach: This paper reviews articles related to obesity factors in GCC such as behavioural and cultural and its effect on behaviours outcomes. This review attempted to identify the main trends in the literature on obesity focussing on environmental, people’s eating habits and their attitude toward western foods, governance and policies, socio-economic and socio-cultural causes. Findings: Risk factors associated with being overweight or obese are similar in GCC and the rest of the world. However, as the literature indicates that high family income associated with obesity, lack of physical activity and time spent in sedentary activities such as TV watching is significantly associated with an increase in the risk of overweight or obesity in GCC.
Keywords: obesity/overweight, obesity causes, obesity intervention, obesity rate, obesity socio-behavioural/cultural factors, obesity barriers, actions towards obesity framework
Effect of Social Media in B2b Marketing: Invertigation of Ewom Effect in Oil and Gas Sector in Qatar
Authors: Al-khinji Soud , Chen Weifeng , Eldabi Tillal
Published: September 2019

The radical growth of the internet is a factor affecting different sectors of the business environment, including changes in the marketing sector. The importance of social media communications in the marketing environment cannot go unnoticed. An important element of social media communication greatly influencing marketing is electronic word of mouth (eWOM) - involving consumer to consumer communication about products and brands- which influences consumer purchase decisions. Nevertheless, research on the importance of eWOM in the marketing of oil and gas is limited. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of social media in business to business (B2B) marketing through an investigation of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in the oil and gas sector in Qatar. Possible solutions to the negative effects of eWOM will also be determined.
Keywords: social media, eWOM, oil and gas, B2B
Interlude
Authors: Coe Cati
Published: September 2019

This coda explores the history of domestic service in Washington DC, drawing on the literature, oral history in my own family, and patients’ experiences. It considers why patients considered domestic service different from care work.
The Method of Socratic Proofs Meets Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Leszczyńska-Jasion Dorota , Petrukhin Yaroslav , Shangin Vasilyi
Published: September 2019

The goal of this paper is to propose correspondence analysis as a technique for generating the so-called erotetic (i.e. pertaining to the logic of questions) calculi which constitute the method of Socratic proofs by Andrzej Wiśniewski. As we explain in the paper, in order to successfully design an erotetic calculus one needs invertible sequent-calculus-style rules. For this reason, the proposed correspondence analysis resulting in invertible rules can constitute a new foundation for the method of Socratic proofs.

Correspondence analysis is Kooi and Tamminga's technique for designing proof systems. In this paper it is used to consider sequent calculi with non-branching (the only exception being the rule of cut), invertible rules for the negation fragment of classical propositional logic and its extensions by binary Boolean functions.