bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Study: The Effect of the Working Environment on Employee Performance
Authors: Kusuma Aditya Angga
Published: September 2021

The work environment is one of the factors that can affect employee performance. A harmonious relationship between employees and superiors, colleagues, and subordinates can have a positive impact on these employees. This also affects the performance which tends to be good. This study aims to measure how the work environment affects employee performance. The method used in this research is qualitative with data collection techniques through literature studies where the data used is secondary data which is the result of research from previous researchers. The references used in this study are 10 scientific papers which will be reviewed again to provide an overview of the effect of the workplace on employee performance. Based on a literature study that has been conducted, it shows that the work environment, both physical and non-physical, has a partial and also simultaneous influence on employee performance.
The Influence of Demographics Factor on Pension Planning and Financial Literacy of Private Employee
Authors: Sembiring Maria Rycca P. , Leon Farah Margaretha
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationships of demographics factors to pension planning and financial literacy. The research methodology used in this research is the quantitative method. The sample in this research is private employees that are determined by using sampling probability. The data analysis method in this research is a correlation test that used the Chi-Square approach. The result and contribution in this research is there any correlation between demographics factor and pension planning. From the demographics factor in this research can be seen that education factor, marriage status, and income have its significant relationship with pension planning. On the other hand, gender factor and age have no relationship to pension planning. From demographics factor in this research concluded that age, education level, marital status, and income has a significant relationship to financial literacy. Whereas, gender factor has no relationship to financial literacy.
Hepatitis B and C Patients’ Information Seeking at a Selected Tertiary Health Institution in South Africa
Authors: IBINAIYE IREWOLE DORCAS , Jiyane Prof. Glenrose Vileli
Published: September 2021

Much has been reported about information-seeking behaviour in health contexts, specifically related to chronic diseases, however, little is known about the methods and purpose of information seeking regarding hepatitis B and C patients, given the epidemic nature of the disease. This article aims to examine information-seeking behaviour of hepatitis B and C patients using a comprehensive model of information seeking at a tertiary health institution in South Africa. A qualitative research design was used for this article. Nine patients were recruited for an interview at the Ngwelezane district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal using a convenient sampling technique at a 95 per cent confidence interval rate to collect qualitative data. The qualitative data were descriptively analysed using the “ggplot2” package of R-software and a bivariate correlational chart, generated using grid and lattice packages incorporated in the R-development platform. The majority of the participants preferred seeking information directly from health professionals about their health challenges, whereas others preferred watching television programmes on health, and reading up on hepatitis-related information regarding getting better treatment, staying safe, getting informed and increasing their chances of survival. The comprehensive model of information seeking was applied to hepatitis B and C participants’ information seeking by investigating the frequency of their information seeking, their methods of information seeking, and their purpose of information seeking. This study provides insight into the preferred methods of information seeking by the participants to enable them to make informed decisions and to achieve better outcomes.
Archives Serving Science: Historic Maritime Records as Sources for Indian Ocean Climate Change Research: Potential and Problems
Authors: Dominy Graham
Published: September 2021

Climate scientists have identified the establishment of historical baseline data from which to determine degrees of climate change as a significant challenge. In this article the use of ships’ logbooks and other sources for maritime history, to provide evidence of weather and climatic conditions pre-dating the era of modern meteorological data measurements, is discussed. The CLIWOC and TANAP projects utilising international archival resources to provide climatological and related information are examined. The discussion is then focused on the Indian Ocean rim countries and the archival and historical resources that may yield similar information. The article concentrates on sources in the Republic of South Africa, and sources in the Sultanate of Oman and Western Australia are discussed for comparative purposes. Utilising archival sources to provide historical climate-change related data aligns archivists and information scientists with the major imperatives of the South African Government. A beginning can also be made with developing south-south scientific and archival co-operation that can unlock new sources of historical and climatological knowledge.
Genesis and evolution of KIMIE: New cost-effective indigenous human breast milk pasteurizer
Authors: Waghmare Sudhir , Kharche Akshay , Kalane Shilpa , Haridas Vishakha , Devaskar Uday
Published: September 2021

Natural mother’s breast milk is the best food for all newborns, especially preterm babies. However, if mother’s milk is unavailable or donor breast milk (DBM) is inadequate, DBM is the next best choice. Human milk pasteurizers are traditionally big, costly, and require special electrical and water connections, as well as need a large volume of water that is not recycled and an ongoing supply of disposable plastic bottles. Operation of these machines necessitates specialized training. The creation of Kimie, a compact, automated, and user-friendly human breast milk pasteurizer capable of pasteurizing small volumes of DBM, is described here. This system needs no special water plumbing, recycles water, and is reasonably priced.
Cervical intra-extradural meningioma with en-plaque, dumbbell-shaped, and an unusual calcified pattern in a young patient
Authors: Nguyen Bao Quoc , Tran Duc Duy Tri , Dang Thuan Cong , Mai Thi Dang , Pham Hai Duong , Truong Van Tri
Published: September 2021

Background:

Most spinal meningiomas primarily grow in the intradural extramedullary location. Epidural meningiomas are uncommon; if detected, they usually coexist with intradural lesions. They inhere more aggressive and invasive characteristics compared with their counterparts inside the dura.

Case Description:

We report a 22-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with weakness and numbness in both lower limbs. Her cervical magnetic resonance imaging revealed an en-plaque and dumbbell-shaped lesion located from C5 to C8. After gadolinium injection, the whole mass was enhanced and unveiled two portions: intradural and extradural. The bone window of the computed tomography scan revealed calcification inside the lesion. The patient underwent tumor removal surgery. The pathology findings showed a psammomatous meningioma. After 6 months of surgery, the patient has been able to walk with walkers.

Conclusion:

We should consider spinal meningioma as a differential diagnosis when encountering an extradural lesion in the cervical region. The optimal surgical treatment for young patient with epidural meningiomas is radical surgery with dura attachment removal.
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FOOD MARKET SECURITY
Authors: Arych Mykhailo , Oleksyn Artur
Published: September 2021

The main components and features of financial and economic security of the food market are studied in the work. Thus, the conceptual and categorical apparatus of financial and economic security of the food market is analyzed, which includes such aspects as foreign economic, social, agricultural, food, agro-industrial, financial, as well as the aspect of product quality and safety. The factors of influence, economic conditions financial and economic security of the food market are studied. It is established that the main principles of food market security are the physical and economic availability of food; sustainability of food and stability of the food market; food quality and food safety for consumers; food self-sufficiency; food independence. The results of the scientific article also show that the main directions for the functioning of an effective state policy of food market security are: 1) the achievement of full food security in the production of agricultural products with the subsequent transformation of Ukraine into a major regional exporter of these products; 2) the formation of a strong agro-industrial complex, resistant to external and internal threats, based on the balanced development of all regions of the country; 3) the formation of foreign trade conditions for food security. It is determined that the main methods of public policy are administrative, economic, and legal. The paper also analyzes the structure and components of the financial and economic mechanism, which is a system of organizational, economic and legal measures taken to prevent threats to food market security. At the same time, the scientific work identifies potential opportunities to increase the level of financial and economic security of the food market: increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and intensifying their development; increasing the purchasing power of the population and their real incomes; creating financial reserve funds; providing quality information and analytical support, etc.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT DIRECTIONS FORMATION FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY
Authors: Krupka Mykhailo , Yaremyk Mariya
Published: September 2021

The article summarizes scientific knowledge about the innovative development of the economy. Currently, there are conflicting views in scientific papers on the conditions for the emergence and spread of innovation, especially in times of economic crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the views of scientists on the role of innovation in economic development and substantiating the principles of forming areas of financial support for innovation to overcome the effects of economic crises and strengthen the country's competitiveness. The study of the main fundamental theories of innovative development allowed to summarize the views of scientists on the relationship between economic development and innovation processes. Based on the theoretical views of scientists, two paradigms of post-industrial society have been identified, which are based on understanding the relationship between the nature of cycles of economic development and innovation, as well as the presentation of innovative development as a factor of economic growth. The analyzed theories of innovative development reveal innovations as an integral factor of economic growth of any society. The main reason for the cyclical nature of economic development according to the theories of innovation is the uneven nature of the introduction of innovations, which causes periodic violations of economic equilibrium. The study of these patterns makes it possible to justify the direction of innovation processes and develop a financial mechanism for their stimulation. Today, innovation should become a top priority in efforts to accelerate the economic development of states, which will ensure the implementation of intensified investment processes and the implementation of ways out of the crisis. That is why, in our opinion, the study and use of theories of innovative development in times of economic shocks should be the basis for developing a long-term innovative model of economic development.
REALITY AND PROSPECTS OF INTERNET BANKING AS A DIRECTION OF DIGITALIZATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Lysyak Olena , Sahaidak Oksana
Published: September 2021

The article covers the state of the digitalization process in Ukraine, the advantages of its implementation in the information and telecommunications spheres. The experience of foreign countries in digitalization is briefly analyzed. Some features of the functioning of the best Internet banks of the state are revealed: PrivatBank, UkrSibbank, FUIB. There is a clear trend of banks moving from branches to the Internet, when users are gradually, but persistently, accustomed to all currency transactions through special applications in smartphones. It is noted that the minimum set of any successful digital bank should be the following functions: card limit management, control of current account balances, deposit, payment of utilities, transfer of funds to accounts in other banks. It is indicated that already at this stage of digital transformation the Ministry of Finance has created a "Catalog of the best Internet banking in Ukraine", in which any Internet user in Ukraine has the opportunity to compare and choose Internet banking according to their requirements and preferences. The main advantages, threats and key problems of digitalization of the banking sector in Ukraine are listed.
BUDGET MECHANISM: CHALLENGES OF TODAY
Authors: Servatynska Inna
Published: September 2021

The definition of "budgetary mechanism" was analyzed in the article. It is described as a form by which the fund of financial resources is managed by influencing economic entities. The components of the budgetary mechanism that do not function effectively and lead to cyclical consequences in particular, the deficit of budget funds, tax pressure on taxpayers and, as a consequence, the accumulation of public debt, are identified. The shortcomings of certain components of the budget mechanism are substantiated, in particular: budget planning and forecasting; as analysis showed, are carried out inconsistently with each other. Thus, the State Budget of Ukraine is formed not depending on the capacity of the economy and its subjects, but depending on the needs of passive budget items. Passive budget items are growing systematically. There are a number of remarks on the applied forms of the budgetary mechanism, for example, payment of taxes and customs payments to the budget is ineffective, because a significant share of taxes is in the "shadow". Therefore, the amount of shadow budget funds is 30%, including smuggling 9.3%, payment of salaries in envelopes 5%, offshore schemes 3.6%, conversion centers 1.8%. The reasons for the inefficiency of the budgetary mechanism in terms of legal support are systematic changes in legislation, which are sometimes caused by lobbying motives. Ways to improve the budgetary mechanism are identified, for example, comparison of macroeconomic forecasts and budget planning; involvement of business in the processes of macroeconomic forecasting and budget planning; de-shadowing of the economy, including transparent payment of salaries through the implementation of a progressive taxation; payment of customs duties; State budget discharge through the introduction of compulsory health insurance and additional pension insurance levels.
Digitale Lösungssammlung von Konstruktionsprinzipien für die Agile Entwicklung von Leichtbaustrukturen für Luftfahrzeuge
Authors: Abulawi Jutta , Weigand Maximilian
Published: September 2021

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein einfaches Vorgehen für das Sammeln, Dokumentieren und Strukturieren von unstrukturiertem, teilweise nur implizit vorhandenem Wissen über mögliche Konstruktionslösungen aus einem speziellen Anwendungsbereich. Dabei wird ein agiler, auf Wissensgraphen basierender Ansatz verfolgt. Kurzbeschreibungen von Konstruktionsprinzipien werden als Lösungsbausteine ungeordnet in einem digitalen Lösungsspeicher abgelegt und dann über Beziehungen miteinander verknüpft. Ergänzend werden Beziehungen der Bausteine zu Eigenschaften, Kategorien und weiteren Objekten definiert. Die Lösungsbausteine können in Umfang und Detaillierungsgrad variieren. Das Vorgehen unterscheidet sich vom tabellarischen Aufbau eines Konstruktionskatalogs, bei dem das zu dokumentierende Wissensgebiet komplett erschlossen und gemäß einem festen Ordnungsschema gegliedert sein muss. Die praktische Umsetzung des hier vorgestellten Vorgehens erfolgte in der Vorentwicklung für die Flugzeugstrukturkonstruktion, wo kontinuierlich neue Konstruktionslösungen erfunden und weiterentwickelt werden und eine digitale, einfach erstellbare und leicht erweiterbare Lösungssammlung als Nachschlagewerk und Inspirationsquelle benötigt wurde.
Technical Efficiency Determinants of Islamic Banks: How Do Countries Differ
Authors: Hanif Akhtar Muhammad , Sheikh Muhammad Ramzan , Ahmad Muzammil , Bashir Khan Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This paper analyzes the determinants of technical efficiency of Islamic banks in eight of the Islamic countries. These include Brunei Darussalam, Jordan, Indonesia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quarterly panel data on eight Islamic countries’ banks during the period of 2014 to 2019 is used for the analysis.   Findings: The overall outcomes of the study indicate that banks in KSA, UAE, and Malaysia are found to be more efficient than their counterparts in other five countries in the sample. Banks from KSA and UAE have the same average technical efficiency scores while banks in Malaysia and Jordan tend to share similar average technical efficiency scores. Findings of the study reveal that variables like bank size, return on equity, and liquid asset ratio have a positive and significant bearing while factors like GDP growth rate, Z-score, and capital adequacy ratio have a negative and significant impact on technical efficiency of Islamic banks. Implications/Originality/Value: The study puts forward some useful policy implications both for managers of banks and policymakers of countries in the sample.
Glutathione reductase deficiency in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Warsy A. S. , El Hazmi M. A.
Published: September 2021

Glutathione reductase [GR]is a ubiquitous enzyme required for the conversion of oxidized glutathione [GSSG] to reduced glutathione [GSH] concomitantly oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]in a reaction essential for the stability and integrity of red cells. Mutations in the GR gene and nutritional deficiency of riboflavin, a co-factor required for the normal functioning of GR, can cause GR deficiency. We conducted a study on 1691 Saudi individuals to determine the overall frequency of GR deficiency and to identify whether the deficiency results from genetic or acquired causes or both. The activity of GR was measured in freshly prepared red cell haemolysate in the presence and absence of flavin adenine dinucleotide [FAD]and the activity coefficient [AC] was determined. Samples with low GR activity [>2.0 IU/g haemoglobin] both in the presence and absence of FAD and an AC between 0.9 and 1.2 were considered GR-deficient. Samples with AC >/= 1.3 were considered riboflavin-deficient. The overall frequency of partial GR deficiency was 24.5% and 20.3% in males and females respectively. In addition, 17.8% of males and 22.4% of females suffered from GR deficiency due to riboflavin deficiency. This could be easily corrected by dietary supplementation with riboflavin. No cases of severe GR deficiency were identified
EEGW: AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT GREY WOLF ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR FANETS
Authors: Hameed Shahzad
Published: September 2021

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or flying drones are employing to retrieve data from their respective sources and help to accomplish Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs). These wireless networks deal with challenges and difficulties such as power consumption, packet losses, and weak links between the nodes. This is due to the high mobility of nodes, frequent network partitioning, and uncertain flying movement of the flying drones. Consequently, reduce the reliability of data delivery. Moreover, unbalanced energy consumption results in an earlier failure of flying drone and accelerate the decrease of network life. The performance of FANETs depends on the capabilities of energy consumption of each flying drone. They are expected to live for a longer period to manage the cost overhead. Energy-efficient routing is an important factor that helps in improving the lifetime of FANETs. In this research, we propose an Energy-Efficient Grey Wolf (EEGW) routing protocol for FANETs. This protocol is comprised of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) inspired by the leadership hierarchy of grey wolves. It helps in minimizing the energy consumption, packet loss ratio, and aerial transmission loss incurred during transmission.
E-Learning Implementation Barriers during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey Design
Authors: Al-Naabi Ishaq , Al-Abri Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Most higher education institutions have embraced emergency remote teaching (ERT) as a response to school and university closures due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We used a cross-sectional survey design to examine teachers’ views on the implementation of e-learning for ERT due to Covid-19 in Omani higher education. We examined four barrier categories: teacher-related, institutional-related, curriculum-related and student-related. We also assessed the relationship between these barrier levels and measured the differences between e-learning and teachers’ gender, academic qualifications, teaching experience and prior experience in e-learning. Through an investigation of 856 university faculty members, we found that student-level barriers had the strongest impact on the implementation of e-learning for ERT during Covid-19. Furthermore, teachers’ academic qualifications and prior experience influenced the success of e-learning practices. Based on these results, we presented some implications with respect to student preparedness, curriculum modifications and institutional readiness for the successful implementation of ERT during Covid-19 or any similar future pandemics.
Ultraviolet Radiation to control Bacteria in oil well injection water
Authors: Niño Gomez Jhorman Alexis , Jaimes Prada Ronald , Echeverria Restrepo Victor Julio , Acero Reyes Julia Raquel , Gonzalez Rodriguez Alexandra Milena , Cardeñosa Mendoza Mauricio , Torres Saez Rodrigo Gonzalo
Published: September 2021

Biocorrosion is a phenomenon that strongly affects the integrity of the materials used in the oil and gas industry. Different types of biocides are currently used to control bacteria in industrial water; however, they have disadvantages such as microbial resistance to these chemical compounds and possible impact on biodiversity due to eventual contamination of natural water. There are several alternatives for the elimination or control of bacteria, among which one is the use of type C ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation. Nevertheless, the use of these micro-organism removal systems could be affected by water quality and its efficiency can be improved by using LED diodes of lower energy consumption and greater versatility in exposure to high temperatures. This work was aimed to evaluate the use of such radiation as a strategy for the control and/or elimination of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), and acid producing bacteria (APB) present in both corrosion and souring processes.  For this purpose, injection water from oil and gas industry and a dynamic system which flow variation enabled the evaluation of different water exposure times to UV-C light (1-20 minutes) were used. Efficiencies ranging between 99-100% were achieved in the elimination of SRB and APB from produced water measured by two different techniques, selective culture media for these microbial populations, and qPCR detecting a specific gene from the SRB population.
Suitability assessment for electricity generation through renewable sources: towards sustainable energy production
Authors: Pérez-Denicia Eduardo , Fernández-Luqueño Fabián , Vilariño-Ayala Darnes
Published: September 2021

Power generation through renewable sources is an effective alternative to mitigate climate change as its environmental impact is lower compared to fossil fuels. However, socio-economic problems are constant in sites where power plants are installed, especially in developing countries. In this paper, an innovative methodology was developed to assess the suitability of electricity generation through solar, wind, and biomass energy. Unlike most studies found in scientific literature, this work considers social, environmental, and economic aspects as key to determine the suitability of energy projects. First, we carried out a comprehensive analysis on social acceptance and resilience towards renewable energy and the conditions for communities to benefit from these projects; then, we analyzed the availability and capacity of renewable energy sources in Mexico, as a case study. Next,  a set of indicators related to the three pillars of sustainability was developed to assess the conditions of each place with the best renewable resources in the country. The life cycle and capacity factor of each technology were also considered. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to determine the most suitable locations and technologies for power generation. The results show a trend towards the states of northern Mexico, especially those bordering the United States, as the most viable for electricity generation. The most appropriate technology is wind energy. Finally, Oaxaca, the state with the best wind resources and current leader in wind power generation in Mexico is, by contrast, the least viable state for wind generation, as has been later confirmed by scientific evidence, as wind facilities are associated with severe socio-cultural and economic damage in host communities in this state.
Assessment of reducing sugars production from agro-industrial wastes by batch and semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis
Authors: Marulanda Cardona Victor Fernando , Gonzalez Avila Itzayana , Lopez Vanegas Alexandra , Rodríguez Buitrago Juan
Published: September 2021

Reducing sugars produced from agro-industrial wastes by means of hydrolysis represent a promising alternative of chemicals and energy. Yet, large scale production still struggles with several factors involving process complexity, sugars degradation, corrosion, enzyme recyclability, and economic feasibility. More recently, sub and supercritical water hydrolysis has been reported for the production of reducing sugars as a readily available alternative to acid and enzymatic biomass hydrolysis. Accordingly, in this work, the results of batch and semicontinuous lab scale subcritical water hydrolysis experiments of agro-industrial wastes of pea pot and corn stover are discussed. Experiments were carried in the temperature range 250 to 300 °C, pressures up to 3650 psi, residence times up to 30 minutes in batch mode operation, or water flowrates up to 12 mL/min in semicontinuous mode operation. Produced sugars were assessed in the effluent of each experimental run by means of dinitrosalicilic acid method (DNS). A maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield of 21.8% was measured for batch pea pot subcritical water hydrolysis experiments at 300°C, 15 minutes, 3650 psi, and 1:6 biomass to water mass ratio. Semicontinuous subcritical water hydrolysis of corn stover showed a maximum TRS accumulated yield of 19% at 290 °C, 1500 psi, and water flowrate of 9 mL/min. The results showed the feasibility of producing reducing sugars from agro-industrial wastes currently discarded through subcritical hydrolysis.
Kepentingan Ciri-Ciri Maritim Di Kepulauan Spratly dan Isu Pencemaran Marin yang Berlaku
Authors: Wan Dahalan Wan Siti Adibah , Ab Rahim Hanis Yasmin Ab Rahim , Nasir Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Laut China Selatan merupakan antara ekosistem marin yang terbesar di dunia yang kaya dengan pelbagai hidupan laut dan menjadi sumber mata pencarian bagi komuniti yang tinggal di kawasan sekitarnya. Kewujudan terumbu di Kepulauan Spratly juga adalah penting dalam memastikan biodiversiti yang seimbang dan ekosistem yang sihat bagi hidupan marin. Namun, China memulakan kerja-kerja mengorek untuk menukar 3 terumbu di Kepulauan Spratly di Laut China Selatan menjadi pulau tiruan. Pulau tersebut juga sudah diturap menjadi landasan kapal terbang sepanjang 3,000 meter dengan jalan rayap. Aktiviti-aktiviti yang dilakukan telah membuatkan kawasan persekitaran marin dan pengurangan stok ikan di Laut China Selatan berada pada tahap yang membimbangkan. Sungguhpun China menyatakan bahawa mereka mempunyai hak untuk menjalankan aktiviti penambakan laut ke atas Kepulauan Spratly selari dengan undang-undang antarabangsa, namun kenyataan tersebut mendapat kritikan daripada negara-negara yang berminat terutamanya Filipina dan Amerika Syarikat. Aktiviti penambakan laut secara besar-besaran serta pembinaan pulau tiruan telah merosakkan terumbu-terumbu malah ia melanggar undang-undang antarabangsa. Impak serta kesan negatif yang dimaksudkan adalah kesan terhadap ekosistem terumbu luar pesisir dan kesan terhadap ekosistem marin dan perikanan. Negara-negara Pihak dan negara Asean hendaklah berganding bahu dalam mengekalkan ciri-ciri tersebut dan sentiasa mengambil langkah penjagaan yang rapi dalam mengawal selia hidupan marin di Kepulauan Spratly.
Kebenaran Materil dalam Kajian Hukum Pidana
Authors: J Johari
Published: September 2021

Karya ini merupakan studi pustaka tentang kebenaran materil dalam hukum pidana. Sebuah peradilan melibatkan terdakwa, saksi, pengacara, jaksa dan hakim. Interaksi antara tokoh-tokoh inilah yang akan menentukan apakah seorang terdakwa dalam suatu kasus hukum dinyatakan bersalah atau tidak. Apakah suatu kasus hukum dianggap sebagai suatu perbuatan melanggar hukum sangat ditentukan oleh persepsi hakim terhadap kasus hukum itu. Putusan-putusan yang diberikan pada dasarnya adalah hasil dari fakta dan keyakinan hakim yang rasiologis, meskipun sering dalam kenyataan sulit untuk menakar atau mengukur kepuasan para pihak, mengingat korban tidak pernah diminta pendapatnya oleh jaksa, mengingat perkara yang terjadi sudah lampau sehingga diragukan nilai keaslian suatu peristiwa pidana bisa berpindah dalam suatu sidang pengadilan, sehingga dikhawatirkan dan diragukan tentang keadilan yang diterapkan. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis mengkaji tentang bagaimana semestinya kebenaran materil yang diinginkan dalam hukum pidana yang berlaku di Indonesia. Karya ini adalah kajian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data-data yang tertuang dalam karya ini diambil dari berbagai sumber hukum yang relavan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum pidana yang berlaku di Indonesia telah memberikan batasan dan jalan kepada penegak hukum untuk menemukan kebenaran materil.
THE “FLU SEASONS” AND THE MISSING DATA: A MATCHED-PAIR ANALYSIS FOR THE PANDEMIC SEASON 2019_2020
Authors: Kay Lo Ip Vincent
Published: September 2021

The unit cell from the McNemar’s 2x2 Table denotes the week with col (1, 2) and the Public Health Region with Row (1, 2). We calculate the standard normal statistic (z) for A(H1), A(H3), Influenza B. Each one categorical unit is in fact a pair of matched-pair data within its own partial table.  The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test collapses these partial tables to summate these 2n observations in a 2x2 x n contingency table to yield the marginal counts of the McNemar’s test.

The open data for Europe/Asia began this SARS-CoV2 pandemic, from week 3 to week 14, with the normal statistic (z) entering into an identical collapse mode.  These all assumed the same “V” curve as the general collapse pattern and they rippled together without overlapping. During this period China applied mandatory lockdown and they mandated masks. We should strive to be more evidence-based so that we can convince more of the general public to accept the public health measures to survive.
KAJIAN STABILITAS KAPAL SEISMIK PADA KAPAL RISET BARUNA JAYA II
Authors: Handoyo Tris , Rizki Adi Nugroho  , Arfis Maydino Firmansyah Putra  , Dinar Novandia Sunjayani
Published: September 2021

Keselamatan kapal menjadi isu global dan komisi keselamatan maritime dari IMO (International Maritime Organization) mengembangkan persyaratan untuk diterima oleh para pihak yang menandatangani Konvensi Internasional untuk keselamatan jiwa di laut SOLAS 1974 (Safety Of Life At Sea 1974). Sementara itu, stabilitas kapal adalah faktor penting dalam menjaga keselamatan kapal dari kecelakaan kapal oleh faktor ketidak setimbangan. Melalui uji kemiringan (inlcining test) dan pembebanan pada kapal. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas kapal pada KR. Baruna Jaya II sebagai kapal riset khusus survei seismik. Hasil Analisis stabilitas kapal kemudian dibandingkan dengan kriteria umum stabilitas kapal menurut standar IMO dan Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI). Sebagai hasil, tinggi metacenter dan nilai penegak (GZ) memenuhi ketentuan menurut BKI dan IMO. Lebih lanjut, seluruh uji stabilitas kapal secara umum juga menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai standar IMO. Sementara itu, beberapa kondisi yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan dapat menjadi normal melalui pengaturan ballas secara penuh.  Kajian lebih lanjut diperlukan terutama terkait penentuan spesifikasi dan penempatan ballas tetap untuk perhitungan stabilitas kapal dengan ballas tetap.
Extraction-chromatographic determination of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in objects of complex matrix composition
Authors: Mikhniuk O. N. , Leshchev S. M.
Published: September 2021

A comparison of the capabilities of two methods for extraction-chromatographic determination of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in various objects (syrups, ointments, tablets, herbal mixtures, etc.), the screening methanol method commonly used in the practice of customs and forensic examination and the proposed extraction method based on the use of water phase (in particular, water solutions of salts) for preliminary effective separation of analytes from matrix components was made. In extraction systems of hexane–water, hexane–aqueous solutions of inorganic salts (sodium chloride, dipotassium phosphate and potassium carbonate), chloroform–water, the method of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry was used to determine the distribution constants (P) of organic bases – narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (N-methylephedrine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, methadone, dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, ketamine, cocaine zolpidem, fentanyl, harmine, harmaline). Based on the obtained extraction characteristics of analytes and matrix components, the optimal extractants and extraction conditions, which ensure the maximum efficiency of separation of analytes and matrix components, as well as the concentration of the analyte were substantiated. The use of extraction using water and aqueous solutions of salts provides both a sharp decrease in the detection limit (from 10–3 to 10–7 mol/dm3) in comparison with the methanol method and stable working of chromatographic equipment due to the removal of thermally unstable matrix components was shown.
Pressure effect during the formation of a selective layer on the structure and performance of dynamic composite membranes for pervaporation
Authors: Burts K. S. , Plisko T. V. , Bildyukevich A. V. , Li G. , Kujawa J. , Shishonok M. V. , Kujawski W.
Published: September 2021

Composite membranes for pervaporation were prepared by forming a selective layer based on cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the porous membrane-substrate surface in the dynamic mode (via PVA solution ultrafiltration). It was found that the pressure growth results in increasing the thickness of the composite membrane selective layer. Composite membrane contact angle, flux, water content in permeate in ethanol/water (mass ratio 90/10) pervaporation were revealed to have maximum values at 3–4 atm depending on the PVA concentration in the feed solution. It was shown that the revealed dependence of the contact angle, selectivity, and permeability on the pressure of the selective layer formation is due to the compaction of the polymer matrix-substrate under the action of the transmembrane pressure and its relaxation after pressure release. When using elevated pressures (more than 3–4 atm), the relaxation of the polymer matrix causes the microdefect to form as a result of deformation of the selective layer.
Physical and mechanical properties of the rocks of the Starobinsky deposit forming the Third potash layer and its roof
Authors: Petrovsky A. B. , Prushak V. Ya. , Lutovich E. A.
Published: September 2021

The geological structure and the physical-mechanical properties of rocks composing and overlapping the Third potash formation in the areas of the mine field mine No. 4 JSC Belaruskali, which are scheduled to practice, are studied. The geological sections of the Third potash layer and its roof were built, the thickness of sylvinite and halite layers was measured, the roof falling of the rocks of the layer with a height of up to 20 m was assessed, and the type of immediate roof was determined by the composition and structure of its constituent rocks. It was established that the strength under uniaxial compression of both sylvinite and halite layers for the areas under consideration differs slightly. Therefore, to solve engineering problems of ensuring the stability of mine workings and to calculate fastening parameters, strength values averaged over the groups of layers can be used that correlate well with the percentage of weak and clay interlayers. The same applies to Poisson’s ratio, the values of which for various layers of formation are slightly different and can be taken by their averaging. It is shown that the main factor that negatively affects the strength of rocks occurring in the roof of the Third potash seam is the presence of weak and clay interlayers, which increases with depth. The introduction of the obtained results allows us to improve the calculation accuracy of securing mining parameters, to reduce the costs of their maintenance, and to improve the safety of mining operations in developing the Third potash formation in complex geological and mining conditions.
Titration of chelating fibrous sorbent in the presence of complex-forming divalent cations
Authors: Soldatov V. S. , Korshunova T. A. , Kosandrovich E. G. , Nesteronok P. V.
Published: September 2021

Titration curves of H-forms of the fibrous chelating sorbent with iminodiacetic groups based on industrial polyacrylonitrile fiber Nitron with potassium hydroxide in 1M KCl solution in the presence of Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Ca2+ chlorides were obtained. The method used made it possible to simultaneously measure the pH of the solution and the concentration of the divalent cation at each point of the titration curve. From these data, the dependences of their sorption values on the pH of the equilibrium solution were calculated. The curves of direct and back titration practically coincided in all cases. As the pH changed during titration, precipitation was observed at pH values of precipitation of the corresponding hydroxides. In this case, the increase in pH was suspended or greatly slowed down by adding alkali to the titration cell. The formation of a precipitate occurred mainly in a solution for Co2+ and Ni2+ (pH 8), when the ion exchanger was saturated with a metal ion. In the case of Cu2+ (precipitate formation pH 4), Cu2+ sorption occurs at both lower and higher pH due to ionization of carboxyl groups and partial dissolution of the precipitate. In all cases, the maximum sorption of Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ca2+ corresponded to the formation of sorption complexes of the R–N(CH2COO-)2Me2+ type.
Ecogeochemical studies of the postindustrial sites of Minsk
Authors: Kukharchyk T. I. , Kakareka S. V. , Kazyrenka M. I. , Chernyuk V. D. , Krylovich A. V.
Published: September 2021

In the article the results of studying the sites of industrial enterprises, which have stopped their activities fully or partially in Minsk, are discussed. It is shown that in most cases the re-development of industrial sites with a change of their functional purpose is carried out after 10 years or more. Based on the results of preliminary investigation of a number of the former industrial sites, it was established that such sites continue to be sources of pollutants after the completion of enterprises activity. The enrichment of technogenic substrates carried out from industrial sites by surface runoff (sediments near storm collectors and in topographic lows) with heavy metals is shown. The average content of cadmium in sediments is 2,6 (maximum – 3,9), lead – 3,1 (14), copper – 2,5 (2,2), zinc – 1,7 (2,8), nickel – 3,3 (8,0), chromium – 3,4 (6,6) times higher than in soils. The established standards for lead were exceeded in 63 % of cases, for cadmium – in 77 %, for zinc and copper – in 100 % of cases. The maximum permissible concentration was exceeded 5 times for at least one indicator in almost half of the samples (44 %). The dependence of heavy metals accumulation on the specialization of previously carried out industrial activities is shown. The need for improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to studying of contaminated and potentially contaminated post-industrial areas in connection with their planned re-profiling for urban planning purposes is discussed.
Radionuclide 106Ru behavior in aqueous solutions by ion exchange, ultrafiltration, and centrifugation methods
Authors: Korenkova O. B. , Radkevich A. V. , Voronik N. I.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of 106Ru radionuclide behavior regularities study in aqueous solutions in a wide pH range by ultrafiltration, ion exchange and centrifugation methods. The regions of 106Ru various species existence in solution have been established: cationic 106Ru species at pH < 3.5; the transition region of non-ionic species formation in the range of pH 3.5–4.2 and the region of non-ionic species predominant formation at pH > 4.2. A characteristic feature of the studied solutions is the formation of non-ionic particles by microconcentrations of 106Ru via pseudocolloids at lower pH values as compared to ruthenium solutions with a concentration of 10-6–10-4 mol/dm3. The established regularities of the behavior of ruthenium radionuclides can be utilized to increase the efficiency of ion exchange and membrane separation methods at nuclear and radiation facilities for technological solutions and liquid radioactive waste treatment.
Decomposition of polyhalite with hydrochloric acid
Authors: Shevchuk V. V. , Potkina T. N. , Smetanina O. V.
Published: September 2021

Due to the fact that polyhalite ores are poorly soluble in water, it was of interest to study the method of their processing using acids. The influence of polyhalite size, the hydrochloric acid concentration and consumption, the ratio of L: S, the temperature and time of mixing the pulp on the useful components extraction into the solution have been studied. The optimal conditions for the decomposition of polyhalite with hydrochloric acid have been determined. The degree of useful components extraction into the solution depends on the concentration of hydrochloric acid or on the L:S ratio of the pulp, but in all cases the decomposition of polyhalite occurs without secondary crystal formation, as evidenced by the same degree of potassium and magnesium ions extraction. The degree of potassium and magnesium ions extraction from polyhalite into solution increases with decomposition process temperature, an increase in the consumption of acid and the duration of the reagents interaction, and decreases with increasing acid concentration. The CaSO4 content in the solution increases sharply with an increase in the HCl concentration and is practically independent of the process temperature. Hydrochloric acid extract can be used for phosphate raw decomposition in order to obtain complex fertilizers.
Diagnostic efficiency of a new method for determining the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in heart failure
Authors: Zherko O. M. , Mikhailov A. N. , Shkrebneva E. I. , Oliferko N. P.
Published: September 2021

A new scientifically substantiated method for determining the left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) in chronic heart failure (CHF) is based on the concept of a comprehensive assessment of the leading pathofunctional and hemodynamic mechanisms of development and progression of LV DD and CHF, global heart remodeling and contains the first developed diagnostic criteria obtained on the basis of 2D Speckle Tracking echocardiography. The method has a high diagnostic efficiency: the determination accuracy of LV DD types in an independent examination sample of patients with CHF with the less than 50 % preserved ejection fraction (EF) and LV EF was 98.5 %.
A regenerative approach to the classification of the defects in the periodontal and alveolar ridge
Authors: Yaremenko A. I. , Rubnikovich S. P. , Neyzberg D. M. , Erokhin A. I. , Orekhova L. Yu. , Atruchkevich V. G. , Denisova Yu. L. , Loboda E. S.
Published: September 2021

The efficacy and long-term outcomes of the procedure of guided tissue regeneration depend on the basic morphometric condition of the defect and the choice of the technical supplement and the technical approach to surgery. Hystoarchitectonics of defects can be presented as a simplified four-parameter classification for use in clinical and expert practice in addition to making decisions in the regenerative surgery of defects in the periodontal and alveolar ridge.
Experimental model for assessing the readiness of the wound surface to accept skin grafts
Authors: Bakunovich A. A. , Yarashenka Ju. V. , Raduta E. F. , Kononov E. V. , Buko V. U. , Astrowski A. A.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study, performed on 65 Wistar rats, was to develop a new model and, as an example, use it to identify the extent to which quercetin and the quercetin-2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanocomplex, applied to the wound, affect the engraftment of skin autografts. Grafts were obtained from the ear shells of animals, and graft’s survival rate was assessed by the degree of inhibition of wound contraction. It is shown that the latter depends on the area of grafts and the time after which they were located on the wound surface after its creation. It was shown that quercetin worsens, and quercetin-2- hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin does not impair the ability of the wound surface to accept the graft.