bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Medical Graduate Orthopaedic Residents Show Higher Research Productivity Than United States Graduate Peers Before and During Residency
Authors: MacLeod James Stuart , Jacome Freddy , Mansour Hadel , Lee Michael , Akwuole Frances , Cho Sia , Lee Justin , Lema Owen , Chopra Avani , Bakaes Yianni , Painter Sabrina , Baker Hayden , Mejia Alfonso
Published: November 2024

Purpose
International Medical Graduates (IMGs) have lower match rates than their United States (U.S.)-trained Doctor of Allopathic Medicine (MD) and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) peers. This study aims to more completely elucidate the research accomplishments required for IMGs to match into orthopaedic residency and to compare their academic productivity during residency to that of U.S. MD and DO graduates.
Methods
Data from orthopaedic-related journals and ACGME-accredited residency programs were extracted in July of 2024 using Python. Variables included: residency year, publications, first-author publications, citations, journals, h-index, medical school type, and the medical school and residency program locations.
Results
Prior to residency, the 56 matched IMGs had a mean of 32.8 publications, 9.8 first-author publications, and 517.1 citations. Matched U.S. MDs had an average of 3.7 publications, 1.1 first-author publications, and 61.0 citations while DO matched applicants had an average of 3.7 publications, 1.0 first-author publications, and 5.6 citations. During residency, IMG orthopaedic residents averaged 5.2 publications per year and 16.6 citations per year. U.S. MD residents averaged 1.3 publications per year and 3.6 citations per year, while DO residents averaged 0.55 publications per year and 1.1 citations per year. The h-index averaged 9.8 for IMGs, 2.2 for U.S. MDs and 0.7 for DOs. All comparisons for IMGs vs U.S. MDs and IMGs vs DOs yielded P < 0.0001.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the significant differences in research output between IMGs and their U.S.-trained counterparts in orthopaedic surgery, and show that these differences continue throughout residency.
Vinegar Syndrome Eradication in Film Conservation: A Novel Silica-nano-CaCO3/Ethylcellulose/N-butanol System
Authors: Dong Xujia , Li Yuhu , Chao Xiaolian , Zhou Yajun
Published: November 2024

Photosensitive images serve as invaluable cultural heritage, holding an irreplaceable position in the documentation of human history, the display and dissemination of culture and art, as well as in the realms of development and exploration. However, a large amount of triacetate film degrades and suffers from the damage of "vinegar syndrome." Research has proven that environmental control alone cannot effectively suppress the occurrence of "vinegar syndrome," hence the need for deacidification protection of the photosensitive images (triacetate film) itself. This paper selects nanoscale calcium carbonate as the deacidification material and uses sodium silicate as the silicon source to coat and modify it by a counter-current method, preparing silica-coated nanoscale calcium carbonate particles to improve their dispersibility and acid resistance. The modified calcium carbonate is then combined with ethyl cellulose/n-butanol solution to form a deacidification and reinforcement composite material, which is applied to the film affected by "vinegar syndrome" by brushing. The pH of the coated film is increased from 4 to above 6.5, and contact angle testing indicates that the film surface becomes hydrophobic. After aging different treated films, thermal gravimetric analysis and XRD analysis reveal that the coated films exhibit better thermal and molecular stability; the tensile strength is enhanced, with stress-strain increasing from 27.35 MPa and 4.32% to 86.43 MPa and 5.53%, and remaining within a safe range after aging. The deacidification and reinforcement composite material also reduces the negative impact of increased film surface roughness and decreased optical performance caused by scratches and other defects on image clarity. Comparative experiments demonstrate that this deacidification and reinforcement material has a certain effect and research value in the treatment of "vinegar syndrome."
Preoperative NLR Combined with Ultrasound to Construct a Predictive Model for Central Lymph Node Metastasis in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Lan JinXin , Lyu Guorong , Huang NingJie , Zhou You , Wang KangJian , Yang YanFen , Hong JianMing , Chen Ming
Published: November 2024

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ultrasound tumor characteristics to identify risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in clinically lymph node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram predictive model is developed to aid in formulating individualized treatment plans for clinical practice.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 471 patients who underwent surgery and were pathologically diagnosed with PTC in our hospital between January 2021 and January 2022. Preoperative clinical data and ultrasound findings were collected, including NLR from routine blood tests, age, gender, maximum tumor diameter, tumor location, laterality (unilateral or bilateral), aspect ratio, tumor margin, presence of calcifications, tumor relationship with the thyroid capsule, preoperative thyroglobulin (TG), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Based on the presence of CLNM, patients were categorized into a metastasis group and a non-metastasis group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS software to identify independent risk factors for CLNM. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group in a 7:3 ratio. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis were generated using R software to assess the feasibility of the predictive model.
Results
Among the 471 PTC patients, 215 cases (45.6%) were confirmed to have CLNM. Univariate analysis showed that factors such as gender, NLR, tumor diameter, tumor margin, calcifications, aspect ratio, tumor location, tumor relationship with the thyroid capsule, laterality, and TG levels were associated with CLNM. Multivariate logistic regression identified male gender, higher NLR, larger tumor diameter, irregular tumor margins, microcalcifications, and tumor invasion of the thyroid capsule as significant risk factors for CLNM in PTC patients. Based on these findings, a personalized nomogram was constructed and validated internally in two cohorts. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the training and validation groups were 0.836 and 0.825, respectively, indicating good discriminatory power. Hosmer-Lemeshow test results demonstrated good model calibration in both groups. Calibration curves further confirmed the model's predictive accuracy.
Conclusion
High NLR, microcalcifications, irregular tumor margins, tumor diameter > 1 cm, thyroid capsule invasion, and male gender are independent risk factors for CLNM in PTC patients. The predictive model constructed based on these factors can significantly predict the probability of CLNM in PTC patients. This non-invasive tool will aid in preoperative lymph node assessment and provide effective guidance for surgeons in developing individualized treatment plans.
Association of serum asprosin with blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Jing Hui , Niu Chunfan , Ma LiJing , Qu Xiaofeng , Yang Jing , Xu Linxin , Wu Shirun
Published: November 2024

Objective
To probe the serum asprosin levels in community-dwelling individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to verify their association with blood pressure.
Methods
From November 2019 to July 2021, detailed information was systematically collected from 498 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a community health service station located in southeastern Shanxi Province. Blood pressure measurements taken on the same day, laboratory indices, and serum asprosin concentrations were recorded. The systematization of participants was done by their blood pressure measurements into two categories: normotensive and hypertensive. The variance in indices between these two sets were analysed through the application of t-tests, χ2 tests, and non-parametric tests.We assessed how levels of asprosin correlate with elevated blood pressure prevalance utilizing logistic regression,.
Results
The group with elevated blood pressure demonstrated significantly exalted levels of asprosin in comparison to the normotensive group (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that individuals with asprosin levels exceeding 367.0 pg/ml were at a higher risk of developing elevated blood pressure compared to those with asprosin levels below 293.1 pg/ml, and the odds ratio (95% CI) was 3.130 (1.888–5.190) (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Exalted serum asprosin levels are correlated with an heightened risk of hypertension among community-dwelling individuals with T2DM.
Association between daily activity/exercise and frailty in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study based on the CLHLS survey
Authors: Dai Linyan , Tang Yangyang , Guo Yihong , Lai Xia , Wang Xingsheng , Li Baoshan
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To explore the association between daily activity/exercise and frailty among Chinese older adults.
Methods: According to the cross-sectional data obtained in the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018, 13080 adults were selected. Logistic regression was employed to explore the association between physical activity/exercise and frailty, by also considering the type and frequency of activities/exercises, and the prevalence of frailty.
Results: The incidence of frailty in elderly female participants was higher than that in male participants (P=0.000); Participants with older age (P=0.001), lower years of education (P=0.022), living with someone (P=0.000), poorer economic status (P=0.000), and low BMI (P=0.000) had a greater tendency of frailty. Older adults were at lower risk of frailty whether they were doing tai chi, square dancing, gardening, pet ownership, playing cards, socializing, or housework (P<0.005), and appeared to be more protected by housework (OR=0.096, 95% CI 0.083-0.110, P=0.000). The risk of frailty was lower in older adults with previous physical labor (OR=0.846, 95% CI 0.744-0.962, P=0.011) and previous physical activity (OR=0.817, 95% CI 0.711-0.938, P=0.004).
Conclusions: Older adults who took part in daily activity/exerciseseemed to have lower frailty risk. Activity/exercise like tai chi, housework, square dancing, gardening, pet ownership, playing cards, socializingwas associated with reduced frailty risk, with housework showing strong protection. The richer the type of activities or exercise engaged in, the lower the risk of debilitation. Older adults with a history of physical labor or activity had a lower frailty risk.
3D printing of ultra-strong Co-free maraging steel via multifunctional alloy design
Authors: Liu Yong , Hu Li , Gao Shubo , Zhou Kun , Tan Liming , Ji Weiming , Han Liuliu
Published: November 2024

3D printing is a revolutionary technology that has garnered significant attention due to its capability to produce parts with complex geometries and exceptional properties. However, one potential challenge associated with 3D printing is the increased susceptibility to cracking resulting from the incorporation of high alloying elements. Furthermore, the formation of brittle Laves phases is frequently observed in cobalt-containing maraging steels, which significantly compromises the ductility of these materials following heat treatment. Here, we demonstrate that by minimizing the crack susceptibility of the steel and introducing coherent Ni3(Ti, Al) nanoprecipitates with a core-shell structure via multifunctional alloy design, we have simultaneously addressed these challenges. Our cobalt-free maraging steel exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 2.3 GPa and an elongation of 5.7%. Its sustainability renders it a more promising alternative to conventional alloys. This study provides a potential avenue for the development of cost-effectiveness and high-performance alloys.
Experimental investigation on mechanical and microstructural analysis of pervious paver block using pumice
Authors: R Harshani , Gifta Chella , Nandhini Esai
Published: November 2024

Pumice-based lightweight pervious concrete is a new construction material that combines lightweight particles, high permeability, and unique qualities of pumice. This lightweight concrete is ideal for urban areas where stormwater management is an issue, as it reduces runoff, mitigates flooding, and improves groundwater replenishment. It also offers better thermal insulation due to air bubbles created when mixed with other aggregates. However, it has drawbacks such as lower compressive strength and the need for precise mix design.This study aimed to examine the mix design and performance of fiber-reinforced pervious concrete using lightweight coarse aggregates instead of regular coarse aggregates. The results showed that using appropriate materials and ideal mix proportions significantly impacted the mechanical qualities of Lightweight Pervious Concrete (LPC). The chemical composition of pumice, a volcanic rock, significantly influences its properties and suitability as a lightweight aggregate in pervious concrete.Various mix designs for pervious concrete were tested, categorizing them into two groups: conventional coarse aggregate and pumice. The results showed that concrete mixes with higher compressive strength generally exhibit a more compact microstructure with reduced pores and enhanced interlocking of hydration products. Water absorption tests measure water infiltration rates, which are crucial for construction materials like permeable pavements, landscaping, stormwater management systems, and infrastructure projects.Pervious concrete is an environmentally friendly solution for stormwater management, with its microstructure consisting of ingredients like cement, aggregates, and air voids
Velocity Measurement from Schlieren Images of Compressible Flows Using a Wavelet-Based Optical Flow Algorithm
Authors: Wen Xin , Lai Bozhen , Li Hezhou , Wang Shiqi , Xu Zhi-Qin John , Wang Benlong , Cai Weiwei , Liu Yingzheng
Published: November 2024

Schlieren imaging is a highly sensitive and flexible technique widely used for flow visualization in high-speed fluid flow investigations. However, there is a lack of robust method for extracting quantitative velocity from Schlieren images. In this study, a wavelet-based optical flow (WOF) algorithm incorporating a viscous regularization term is employed to compute velocity fields from schlieren images under compressible conditions. The method is applied to both a simple turbulent jet and a complex sweeping jet (SWJ). The estimated velocity and vorticity fields are compared with results obtained from an optimized optical flow (OF) method utilizing conventional smoothness constraints. The comparison demonstrates that the WOF method resolves more intricate flow details and exhibits greater robustness to noise. In experiments involving three cases for both the turbulent jet and SWJ, the measured velocities at lower speeds—where the flow can be considered incompressible—agree with theoretical values. Under compressible conditions, compressibility effects lead to energy dissipation due to air expansion or compression, resulting in measured velocities slightly lower than theoretical values but still within an acceptable range. These results indicate that the WOF method is effective for accurately measuring velocity fields in compressible flows.
Worldwide burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Zhang Jie , Peng Jingyi , Liao Hongjin , Yuan Yuan , Ding Yang , Wang Yi , Zheng Yuelan , He Xingxing
Published: November 2024

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease globally, posing a substantial burden on global health. Therefore, it is significant to investigate its epidemiology to provide data support for liver health policy decision-making.
Methods: The age-standardized rates (ASR) and the estimated annual percentage change were utilized to quantify the epidemiological trends of NAFLD. A Gaussian process regression model and a loess smoother were used to visualize the correlation between ASR and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). A global 32-year span analysis was conducted to analyze the incidence rates across 15 age groups and the dietary risk factors, while adjusting for SDI.
Results: In 2021, an estimated 1.27 billion people were affected by NAFLD, and it was responsible for about 0.14 million deaths and 3.67 million disability-adjusted life years. The global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) exhibited a steady upward trend (0.73; 95%UI, 0.69 to 0.77). Andean Latin America, Middle East and North Africa had the highest age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) and mortality rate (ASMR) in 2021. There was a non-linear association between the SDI and ASR. Diet high in sugar sweetened beverages (rho = 0.803, p < 2.2e-16) and trans fatty acids (rho = 0.539, p < 2.2e-16) were most strongly associated with NAFLD. Before 50-year-old, the disease burden was more pronounced in males than in females.
Conclusions: The incidence of NAFLD in various regions and countries increased over the past 32 years, with a trend toward younger onset. This has imposed a significant burden on global public health. These research findings provide epidemiological evidence for policymakers to make better-informed policies and resource allocations, aiming at facilitation of more targeted management of NAFLD.
Comprehensive study on the effects of plastic mandrels on springback, crack and collapse in small radius bending of composite tubes
Authors: Zhu Yingxia , Li Hui , Lu Xinzhu , Chen Wei , Tu Wenbin
Published: November 2024

Traditional rigid mandrels are somewhat effective in preventing cross-sectional collapse during the bending of small-radius bimetallic composite tubes, but they are prone to inducing defects such as cracks. This study introduced five plastic mandrels of PTFE, PE, PP, POM and PVC materials, and developed the constitutive model of elastic-plastic deformable bodies that can describe their pressure-sensitive characteristics. Focusing on the bimetallic composite tube with a relative bending radius of 1.76, this research investigated the bending defect characteristics associated with plastic mandrel filling, rigid mandrel filling and non-mandrel filling, from the perspectives of springback, surface cracks, wall thinning and cross-sectional collapse. This study also evaluated the enhancement in bending quality achieved through the use of the five plastic mandrels. Results show that the springback angle of the composite tube is proportional to that of the plastic mandrel, indicating that the utilization of plastic mandrels results in an augmentation of springback angles. But the springback angle can be controlled through overbending techniques. Transverse cracks appear on the surface of the covered tube, regardless of whether a mandrel is used or the type of mandrel employed. Among these mandrels, the PTFE, PE and PP mandrels demonstrate superior performance in reducing crack distribution and wall thinning, with the PP and PE mandrels showing the best results. In contrast, mandrels with higher hardness, such as rigid, PVC and POM mandrels, are effective in preserving the tube’s cross-sectional shape and minimizing cross-sectional collapse, with the POM mandrel being the most effective. Nonetheless, these harder mandrels are less effective in reducing tube damage and wall thinning.
Mechanisms of Uniconazole-Induced Male Flower Differentiation in Female Bayberry (Morella rubra) Trees
Authors: liu juan , gong biya , zhou changfu , kong youhan , wu juanjuan , zhang ping , yang shuizhi , wang chunmei , liu changwei , Li Xianxin
Published: November 2024

Background
In bayberry cultivation, low yields and poor fruit quality are often linked to insufficient pollen availability and low compatibility for heterogamous pollination. To overcome these challenges and develop high-quality varieties, identifying a consistent source of high-quality, controllable pollen is essential.
Main Body:
Previous studies have shown that applying certain chemicals can induce the conversion of female flower buds into male flowers in bayberry. In this study, we applied various chemicals to the new shoots of YS bayberry plants to identify compounds that effectively promote male flower formation in female trees. We employed high-throughput techniques, including transcriptomics, to analyze the underlying mechanisms of these agents.
Conclusion
The results demonstrated that applying uniconazole to the spring shoots of female plants during the critical period of flower bud differentiation (October to November) successfully induced the formation of reproductive male flowers by mid-February of the following year. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that uniconazole reduces gibberellin translocation and levels by regulating the expression of key genes (CJ030_MR4G011967, CJ030_MR4G013737, and CJ030_MR4G006450). This reduction promotes the expression of the MADS-box gene family (CJ030_MR0G004521 and CJ030_MR4G015426), which controls the differentiation of female flower buds into male buds. The male flowers induced by uniconazole produced abundant, high-quality pollen, addressing the issue of heterogamous pollination. This study provides a novel strategy for improving bayberry quality and advancing the breeding of new varieties.
Assessing Comorbid PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rahangdale Aneesh , Ferraro Jeffrey
Published: November 2024

Background
Fibromyalgia frequently coexists with psychiatric disorders, creating complex challenges in managing the health and quality of life for affected individuals. Existing literature points to significant overlap between fibromyalgia and conditions like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, but no large-scale analysis within a single American healthcare system has yet been conducted.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 1,516 fibromyalgia patients from HCA Healthcare facilities from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, including only patients aged 18 and older with at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Chi-square tests examined associations between psychiatric outcomes (PTSD, depression, anxiety) and demographic factors such as age, sex, and race. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was analyzed among comorbidity groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with Bonferroni correction applied for pairwise comparisons.
Results
The sample had a mean age of 52.51 years, was predominantly female (89.38%) and white (78.96%). Anxiety (60.75%) and depression (53.76%) were highly prevalent, while PTSD was less common (7.52%). Significant age differences emerged for PTSD and anxiety, with younger patients exhibiting higher rates. Sex differences were significant for anxiety only (p = .028), showing higher rates among females. Mean LOS was 4.56 days, with significant differences across comorbidity groups (p = .0009), although pairwise comparisons revealed no specific group differences.
Conclusions
Psychiatric comorbidities, especially anxiety and depression, are common in fibromyalgia patients and correlate with certain demographic factors. These findings can inform clinical practice by emphasizing the need for comprehensive, age-appropriate, and gender-sensitive approaches to holistic fibromyalgia management that address both physical symptoms and mental health concerns.
Changes in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of a cloud forest tree fern along an elevation gradient
Authors: Vélez-Múnera Mariana , Avitia Morena , Rebollar Eria A. , Ramírez-Barahona Santiago
Published: November 2024

The diversity of plant-associated microbial communities is shaped by both host factors and the environment. Natural environmental gradients, specifically elevational ones, can serve as study systems to understand community and ecosystem responses to environmental changes, however the relationship between elevation and microbial diversity is not completely understood, especially in non-model systems such as wild plants. In this paper we explored the role of environmental factors in shaping the diversity and structure of the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of the cloud forest tree fern Cyathea fulva. Samples of phyllosphere, rhizosphere and soil were collected from 15 individual tree ferns across five forest plots along an elevation gradient ranging from 1978 to 2210 meters above sea level. Physicochemical soil data were collected, along with environmental data of all plots. Using 16S rRNA and ITS1 amplicon sequencing, we tested for differences in diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities and their potential abiotic drivers. We found that bacterial alpha diversity decreased with elevation in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere, but for fungi this pattern was only found in the rhizosphere. We also observed significant changes in community structure and composition with elevation in both the fungal and bacterial phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Our results suggest a close relationship between elevation and the overall microbial structure associated with tree ferns. We envision this information will help to further understand the dynamics between microbiota and wild plants, contributing to the conservation of necessary interactions for plants and ecosystems wellbeing.
Malware Detection via Memory Dump Images: Investigating the Role of Uneven Kernel Filters in CNNs with Visual Explainability
Authors: Alaeiyan Mohammadhadi , Lakzian Pooria
Published: November 2024

With the Internet becoming more accessible, protecting our digital identities has become more crucial than ever. Our devices are always online, sharing data, and exposed to numerous threats. Traditional methods of detecting malware are no longer adequate due to the rapid advancement and complexity of malware. To address these challenges, researchers have started using artificial intelligence, especially machine learning and deep learning techniques, with encouraging outcomes. One emerging approach involves converting malware binaries or memory dumps into images. However, these malware images are not recognizable to the human eye and, therefore, need to be explained in terms of how the CNNs perceive this data type. This paper applies the Grad-CAM technique to malware images collected from memory dumps to understand sufficiently how black-box CNN models make predictions with this data. Based on insights from the Grad-CAM analysis, we propose a novel CNN architecture with uneven kernel sizes that outperforms existing malware detection and classification models. We compare its performance against well-known CNN architectures, all trained and tested on malware image datasets such as Malimg, Dumpware10, MaleVis, and MalBen. Our proposed architecture achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.58\% on the Malimg dataset with fewer training parameters, surpassing previous models, which achieved a maximum accuracy of 99.26\% on the same dataset.
A Knowledge-driven Deep Learning Framework for Organoid Morphological Segmentation and Characterisation
Authors: Qin Yiming , Li Jiajia , Yin Heng , Wu Dezhi , Liu Xuejiao , Plötz Tobias , Hopp Alexander , Kurniawan Nicholas , Winkel Mathias , Harbach Philipp , Tang Chunling , Tan Feng
Published: November 2024

Background
Organoids have great potential to revolutionize various aspects of biomedical research and healthcare. Researchers typically use the fluorescence-based approach to analyse their dynamics, which requires specialized equipment and may interfere with their growth. Therefore, it is an open challenge to develop a general framework to analyse organoid dynamics under non-invasive and low-resource settings.
Results
In this paper, we present a knowledge-driven deep learning system named TransOrga-plus to automatically analyse organoid dynamics in a non-invasive manner. Given a bright-field microscopic image, TransOrga-plus detects organoids through a multi-modal transformer-based segmentation module. To provide customized and robust organoid analysis, a biological knowledge-driven branch is embedded into the segmentation module which integrates biological knowledge, e.g., the morphological characteristics of organoids, into the analysis process. Then, based on the detection results, a lightweight multi-object tracking module based on the decoupling of visual and identity features is introduced to track organoids over time. Finally, TransOrga-plus outputs the dynamics analysis to assist biologists for further research. To train and validate our framework, we curate a large-scale organoid dataset encompassing diverse tissue types and various microscopic imaging settings. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms all baselines in organoid analysis. The results show that TransOrga-plus provides comparable analytical results to biologists and significantly accelerates organoid work process.
Conclusions
In conclusion, TransOrga-plus integrates the biological expertise with cutting-edge deep learning-based model and enables the non-invasive analysis of various organoids from complex, low-resource, and time-lapse situations.
TML: A Transformer-Based Meta-Learning Framework for Cross-Project Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Bandhu Himanshu , Ali Aftab , McClean Sally , Ullah Hanif , Abu-Tair Mamun , Ziolkowski Adam , Noppen Joost
Published: November 2024

Identifying software defects early is crucial for enhancing software quality and reducing costs. Traditional Within-Project Defect Prediction (WPDP) methods rely on historical project-specific data, limiting their effectiveness when such data is unavailable. Cross-Project Defect Prediction (CPDP) offers a solution by leveraging defect data from different projects, but challenges arise due to the diverse nature of data distributions across projects. This paper presents a novel framework, TML (Transformer-based Meta-Learning), designed to improve CPDP performance by addressing these challenges. TML integrates transformer-based encoder networks for feature extraction, adversarial domain adaptation to align data distributions, and meta-learning to enhance generalization across projects. Additionally, it incorporates ensemble learning and Bayesian optimization to improve model robustness and predictive accuracy. The framework is evaluated on 16 datasets from four major software repositories (AEEM, NASA, Promise, JIRA). Experimental results demonstrate that TML significantly outperforms existing CPDP methods such as ENTL, EGW, and EMKCA in key performance metrics including Precision, Recall, F1-score, G-Mean, and AUC. The results consistently demonstrate the robustness of the TML framework, establishing it as a promising approach for early defect detection in diverse software development environments.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanol Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Prunus Africana (Rosaceae) Stem Bark in Mice
Authors: Nibret Getinet , Birhanu Zewdu , Abdulwuhab Mohammedbrhan , Asmamaw Solomon
Published: November 2024

Background: Prunus africana stem bark is used for the management of wounds in different Ethiopian communities. However, there was no in vivo study that justified its claimed use for wound healing effect.
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the wound healing activity of 80% methanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Prunus africana (Rosaceae) stem bark in mice
Methods: The stem bark of Prunus africana was extracted with 80% methanol using maceration technique and fractionated by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The crude extract and solvent fraction yields of Prunus africana were formulated as 5% and 10% weight-by-weight ointments. The acute dermal toxicity of the plant was evaluated in mice. The wound-healing effect of the extract was evaluated using excision, burn, and incision wound models. Whereas the solvent fraction ointments were investigated in excision wound models.
Results: The 10% w/w methanol extract exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) wound contraction activity starting from the 6th to 14th days of treatment as compared to the 5% w/w crude extract ointment treated group on excision wound. Aqueous and ethyl acetate fraction ointments resulted a significant (P < 0.001) wound healing activity as compared to n-hexane fraction and simple ointment base from the 4th to 18th post-wounding days.
Conclusion: In this study, 80% methanol crude extract of Prunus africana and its aqueous and ethyl acetate fraction ointments showed good wound healing activity.
Pre-eclampsia prevention by timed birth at term (PREVENT–PE): Protocol for economic evaluation alongside PREVENT-PE trial and intermediate-term decision analytic model
Authors: Shetty Siddesh , Goadsby James , Magee Laura A. , Syngelaki Argyro , von Dadelszen Peter , Akolekar Ranjit , Silverio Sergio A. , Sheen Kayleigh , Wright Alan , Wright David , Nicolaides Kypros , Fox-Rushby Julia , Soley-Bori Marina
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Preeclampsia (PE) occurs most commonly at term, and currently, there is no effective strategy to prevent it. The PE prevention by timed birth at term trial (PREVENT- PE) with embedded economic evaluation aims to provide cost-effectiveness evidence on whether screening for PE risk at 35+0–36+6 weeks’ gestation and offering women risk-based, planned term birth compared to usual care at term, can reduce the incidence of PE, without increasing emergency caesarean sections or neonatal morbidity (i.e., neonatal unit admission for ≥48 hours).
Study design:
This protocol outlines the methods for within-trial and intermediate-term economic evaluations.
Main outcome measures:
The economic evaluation will identify, measure and value resources and health outcomes for both mothers at risk of term PE and newborn babies, from the National Health Service (NHS) perspective. A cost-effectiveness analysis within the trial will be undertaken, and the incremental cost per PE case averted will be reported as the main outcome. Costs and health outcomes for the trial duration will be calculated using patient-level data, from case report forms and electronic medical records. A decision model will be developed to assess the cost-utility of the intervention for one year. Transition probabilities, costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) will be populated using trial data and existing literature. Uncertainty will be assessed using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses (for example, standalone maternal/newborn perspective and by gestational age for planned birth) will be undertaken to assess heterogeneity in study results, sample size permitting.
Highly conserved sequence-specific DNA binding networks of 716 transcription factors associated with continuing divergent genomic evolution of human and chimpanzee brain development.
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi
Published: November 2024

Emergence during mammalian evolution of common and divergent traits of genomic regulatory networks (GRNs) encompassing ubiquitous, compositionally nearly identical yet quantitatively distinct panels of DNA sequences of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) for 716 proteins is reported. The evolutionary-conserved foundation of these GRNs appears assembled from arrays of DNA codes for ~770 TFBS, including 65 instances of immediately adjacent TFBS for two distinct TFs. A majority of protein constituents of these GRNs (770 of 716; 98%) is defined by Gene Ontology (GO) features of sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO: 1990837). Genome-wide and individual chromosome-level analyses of 17,935 ATAC-seq-defined brain development regulatory regions (BDRRs) revealed nearly universal representations of TFBS for TF-constituents of these networks, TFBS densities of which appear consistently higher within thousands BDRRs of Modern Humans compare to Chimpanzee. Transposable elements (TE), including LTR/HERV, SINE/Alu, SVA, and LINE families, appear to harbor consensus regulatory nodes of identified herein highly conserved sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding networks. Notably, selections of quantitative features of TFBS panels of these GRNs manifest individual chromosome-specific profiles and species-specific divergence patterns. Collectively, this contribution highlights a previously unrecognized essential function of genomic DNA sequences derived from multiple TE families in providing genome-wide regulatory seed templates of sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding GRNs. Since DNA sequences of TFBS panels for 716 proteins are encoded by transposons that remain active in genomes of present day humans, namely SVA and LINE families, retrotransposition-mediated spread of seeds for these GRNs may contribute to continuing divergent genomic evolution of human and chimpanzee brain development.
Advanced Autonomous Detection of Ransomware Using Dynamic Crypto-Entropy Signature Analysis
Authors: Prigodichi Giovanni , Wainwright Harrison , Davis Richard , Kingsley Jasper
Published: November 2024

The sophistication of cyber threats requires the development of advanced detection mechanisms capable of identifying and mitigating malicious activities with minimal human intervention. The Dynamic Crypto-Entropy Signature Analysis (DCESA) framework introduces an autonomous approach to ransomware detection through the analysis of cryptographic entropy patterns inherent in malicious encryption behaviors. Through dynamically generating unique entropy signatures, DCESA effectively distinguishes between benign and malicious activities, thereby enhancing detection accuracy and reducing false positives. Empirical evaluations have demonstrated DCESA's proficiency in identifying a diverse array of ransomware strains, including previously unseen variants, with minimal impact on system performance. The integration of DCESA into cybersecurity infrastructures offers a proactive and efficient solution for mitigating the impact of ransomware attacks, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of organizations.
Hoperanchite, (NH4)2(S2O3), a new mineral from an active vent in a burning bituminous shale
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Adams Paul M. , Ma Chi , Lynch David K.
Published: November 2024

Hoperanchite (IMA2024-017), (NH4)2(S2O3), is a newly approved mineral species from an active vent in a burning bituminous shale at Hope Ranch, Santa Barbara County, California, U.S.A. Hoperanchite occurs as tabular crystals up to about 0.3 mm in diameter. Tablets are flattened on {001} and exhibit the forms {100}, {010}, {0-10}, {110}, and {-1-10}. The mineral is colorless and transparent with vitreous luster and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ~2½. The mineral has brittle tenacity, irregular fracture, and one good cleavage on {001}. The measured density is 1.68(2) g·cm−3. The mineral dissolves instantly in room temperature H2O. The mineral is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.602(2), β = 1.616(2), γ = 1.634(2) (white light); 2Vmeas = 84(2)°; orientation Y = b, X ^ a = 20° in obtuse β; nonpleochroic. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula N1.89H7.40S1.97O3. Hoperanchite is monoclinic, C2, a = 10.2313(5), b = 6.4998(3), c = 8.8098(6) Å, β = 94.611(7)°, V = 583.97(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure (R1 = 0.0325 for 1176 I > 2σI reflections) is the same as that of synthetic (NH4)2(S2O3). Hoperanchite is the first thiosulfate mineral that does not contain essential Pb.
https://editorial.ucatolicaluisamigo.edu.co/index.php/editorial/catalog/book/222
Authors:   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, González-Penagos Catalina , Rivera-Quiro Leidys Helena ,   Universidad Católica Luis Amigó
Published: November 2024

Investigación cuantitativa. Claves para estudiantes universitarios tiene como propósito guiar a estudiantes y a quienes inician en la investigación a lo largo de cada fase del enfoque empírico analítico, de manera clara y accesible, pero manteniendo una rigurosidad metodológica. Organizado en cuatro capítulos, el libro aborda etapas cruciales del proceso investigativo: las generalidades de la investigación cuantitativa y el planteamiento del problema, la formulación teórica e hipotética, el diseño metodológico, y el procesamiento y análisis de datos. Cada capítulo presenta de manera sistemática los conceptos fundamentales, la teoría subyacente y las herramientas prácticas para realizar las propias investigaciones. Ideal para quienes buscan una comprensión sólida del enfoque empírico-analítico, el texto ofrece una explicación sencilla de los elementos clave en cada etapa del proceso investigativo, convirtiéndose en una guía valiosa para el desarrollo de investigaciones precisas y fundamentadas.
A case of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in a child with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Fatkullina G. R. , Anokhin V. A. , Khasanova G. R.
Published: November 2024

A possible manifestation of intrauterine infection with herpes viruses can be severe eye damage. Various visual disturbances with negative consequences have been described in Prader–Willi syndrome. The article describes bilateral chorioretinitis in a child with Prader–Willi syndrome, which developed against the background of congenital herpetic infection of CMV etiology.
Overlap syndrome in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Sadykova D. I. , Khabibrakhmanova Z. R. , Kamalova A. A. , Shakirova R. R. , Sadrieva A. I.
Published: November 2024

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in children can be challenging for pediatricians. Extra-intestinal manifestations, such as hepatobiliary pathology, often complicate the diagnosis of these conditions. Hepatobiliary pathology is often an extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with combined liver pathology (autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis) and inflammatory bowel disease have a higher risk of resistance to treatment, the need for liver transplantation, and a worse prognosis for liver cirrhosis compared to those with isolated liver disease. The article presents a clinical case of the development of overlap syndrome (a combination of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis) in Crohn’s disease in a 7-year-old patient.
Observation of patients after cardiac surgery, surgical aspects for pediatricians
Authors: Mirolyubov L. M. , Nurmeev I. N. , Morozov V. I. , Osipov A. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the practical aspects of caring for children after heart surgery. It provides information on the timing of follow-ups, the frequency of pediatrician visits, and describes the most important aspects of patient management for different groups. The article identifies several groups of patients based on their postoperative risks and follow-up needs. Purpose of the article is to present the observation features of patients who have undergone surgery for congenital heart defects, from the perspectives of surgeons and pediatricians.
On the issue of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Gataullin M. R. , Pavlova T. Yu. , Valiev R. I.
Published: November 2024

According to global statistics, the number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children exceeds 150 million per year, and despite the introduction of vaccinations, this figure has not significantly decreased. Respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, are recognized as the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia among preschool children during non-epidemic periods. Pneumococci also continue to play a significant role among bacterial pathogens. There is a significant increase in the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in the etiological structure of community-acquired pneumonia in recent years. Modern clinical guidelines for the use of antibiotics recommend taking into account patient age, vaccination status, and data on circulating pneumococcal strains when prescribing treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent relaxation of strict restrictions in the last two years have led to changes in the structure of infectious diseases, including the causes of lower respiratory tract infections.
The potential for predicting neonatal disabilities in preterm infants
Authors: Loskutova E. V. , Vakhitov Kh. M. , Sitdikova G. F. , Valieva N. R. , Volyanuk E. V. , Vakhitova L. F. , Yazdani E. V.
Published: November 2024

The urgent task of modern pediatricians and neonatologists is to predict the course of the early neonatal period, during which the basic adaptive mechanisms of newborn children are in an unstable state. This is particularly important for the study of premature newborns, who are at high risk for an unfavorable outcome.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of early neonatal adaptation in children born between 32- and 36-weeks’ gestation, from mothers with burdened obstetric and gynecological histories and concomitant medical conditions.

Material and methods. Out of 75 patients, we divided children born against a background of placental abruption and pre-eclampsia into separate groups. We provide a comparative analysis of their obstetric, gynecological, and medical histories, as well as their pre-dictive factors, somatic status dynamics, and laboratory and instrumental examinations

Results. Analysis of the data showed that in late preterm newborns, the presence of placental abruption in the history of 100% of cases led to the development of general somatic distress, with deterioration in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, requiring transfer to the second phase of care. In children born preterm due to severe preeclampsia or other causes, stable severe conditions were observed in 33.3 and 39.6%, respectively, and 53.9 to 60% of infants required respiratory support.

Conclusion. These findings allow for individualized assessment of a newborn’s condition in the first few days of life, based on predictive factors that may lead to a breakdown in compensatory responses.
Influence of breastfeeding on the ontogenesis of mucosal immunity in children
Authors: Malanicheva T. G. , Agafonova E. V. , Ashrafullina Ch. I.
Published: November 2024

The role of breastfeeding in the development of the cellular immune system, antimicrobial strategies of neutrophils, and local cytokine levels was evaluated in a single-center, prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study of healthy infants who were either naturally or artificially breastfed. The main group included practically healthy children who were exclusively breastfed for the first year of life. Thirty-six children were examined during the first stage and 25 from this group during the second stage. The comparison group included children who received an adapted cow’s milk formula during the first half-year of their lives and a different formula during the second half-year. Thirty-one children were examined during stage one and 27 from this group were examined during stage two. A comprehensive study of mucosal immunity was conducted, assessing the cytokine profile and cellular components using the method of smear prints from the nasal mucosa. The results showed that the nature of feeding during the first year of life influences the formation of mucosal immunity and programming the postnatal development of the child’s immunological reactivity. In the absence of the immunomodulatory effects of breast milk, there is an imbalance in the cytokine profile, with a physiological deviation of the immune response linked to the predominance of Th2 profiles. In contrast, breastfeeding promotes the optimal cellular composition of the upper respiratory mucosa and a cytomorphological neutrophil profile with minimal destructive changes. Breastfeeding programs the optimal functional profile of neutrophils, including the level of receptor activity, intracellular biocidal activity, cytotoxicity, ability to complete phagocytosis. This natural infant feeding method has a long-term protective effect, preventing neutrophil destruction under the influence of environmental factors and respiratory viral agents, and ensuring optimal mucosal immunity development in the respiratory tract.