bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Влияние гемодеривата крови телят на жизнеспособность, апоптоз и некроз клеток нейробластомы человека SK-N-SH
Authors: Винокуров М. Г. , Юринская М. М. , Князев А. В. , Асташкин Е. И.
Published: March 2018

Изучено влияние гемодеривата крови телят (актовегин) на выживаемость и гибель нейробластомных клеток человека линии SK-N-SH в зависимости от длительности воздействия этого препарата. Количество живых и погибших клеток в пробах определяли методом флуоресцентной микроскопии с использованием флуоресцентных зондов Hoechst 33342 и йодида пропидия на микроскопе Keyence BZ8100, Япония. Апоптоз регистрировали по наличию фрагментации ДНК клеток. При культивировании нейробластомных клеток человека in vitro их количество через 48 и 72 ч возрастало на 8,5 % (p < 0,05) и 18,4 % (p < 0,005), соответственно. Актовегин, по сравнению с контролем, концентрационно-зависимо снижал количество живых SK-N-SH клеток и этот процесс зависел от времени его экспозиции (актовегин 1 мг/мл: через 72 ч на 23,8 %; актовегин 5 мг/мл: через 48 на 25,1 %, через 72 ч на 33,2 %, p < 0,05). Анализ клеточной гибели показал, что в контроле и при добавлении актовегина в концентрации 0,2 мг/мл на всех этапах культивирования отмечалось увеличение процента клеток, погибших как путем апоптоза, так и некроза, в результате чего вклад апоптоза и некроза в клеточную смерть не менялся через 48 и 72 ч. При добавлении актовегина в концентрациях 1 и 5 мг/мл регистрировалось увеличение вклада некроза в клеточную гибель через 48 ч, который затем уменьшался через 72 ч и смещал соотношение в пользу апоптоза. Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что актовегин тормозит деление опухолевых клеток и способен вызывать их гибель, которая происходит как по механизму некроза, так и апоптоза, а относительный вклад этих процессов, вероятно, меняется в зависимости от времени экспозиции препарата.
Нейротропная активность нового производного аминоэтанола в условиях экспериментальной ишемии головного мозга
Authors: Титович Ирина Александровна , Сысоев Юрий Игоревич , Болотова Вера Цезаревна , Оковитый Сергей Владимирович
Published: March 2018

Изучена нейротропная активность нового соединения аминоэтанола с бутандиовой и транс-этилен-1,2-дикарбоновой кислотами — (2E)-4-[2-(диэтиламино)этокси]-4-оксобут-2-еновой кислоты бутандиоата (2:1) — при курсовом пероральном введении (10 мг/кг) на фоне ишемии головного мозга, вызванной двусторонней перманентной перевязкой общих сонных артерий у крыс. У животных оценивали ориентировочно-исследовательское поведение и координацию движений. По активности производное аминоэтанола сопоставимо с действием цитиколина (500 мг/кг) и цитофлавина (170 мг/кг).
Проницаемость гематоэнцефалического барьера для опиоидных пептидов
Authors: Маслов Леонид Николаевич , Лишманов Юрий Б.
Published: March 2018

Анализ опубликованных данных свидетельствует о том, что β-эндорфин и эндоморфины при внутривенном введении способны проникать через гематоэнцефалический барьер (ГЭБ). Энкефалины не преодолевают этот барьер. Вопрос о том, может ли динорфин(1 – 17) проникать в головной мозг при системном введении, остаётся открытым. Установлено, что синтетические пептидные лиганды опиоидных рецепторов (ОР) способны проникать через ГЭБ с помощью транспортных систем, трансцитоза или путём диффузии. Проницаемость ГЭБ для большинства опиоидных пептидов в сотни раз ниже, чем для морфина. В настоящее время ведутся исследования по созданию пептидных агонистов ОР, которые способны проникать через ГЭБ и оказывать антиноцицептивный эффект за счёт активации центральных ОР.
Церебропротекторное действие калиевой соли N-(4-ацетоксибензоил)глицина у крыс
Authors: Волотова Елена Владимировна , Верхоляк Дмитрий Викторович , Куркин Денис Владимирович , Бакулин Дмитрий Александрович , Брель Анатолий Кузьмич , Лисина Светлана Викторовна , Будаева Юлия Николаевна , Тюренков Иван Николаевич
Published: March 2018

При моделировании необратимой двусторонней окклюзии общих сонных артерий у крыс калиевая соль N-(4-ацетоксибензоил)глицина (соединение C40) оказала выраженное протекторное действие, увеличивая число выживших животных на 52 %, уменьшая у них неврологические отклонения, когнитивный дефицит, повышая уровень кровотока в проекции средней мозговой артерии на 77,5 % по сравнению с контролем, уменьшая отек головного мозга (p < 0,05).
Разнонаправленные эффекты стимуляции и блокады D1-типа дофаминовых рецепторов у пренатально стрессированных самцов крыс при дефиците андрогенов в тесте Порсолта
Authors: Федотова Юлия Олеговна , Акулова Виктория Константиновна , Пивина Светлана Геннадьевна
Published: March 2018

Исследовали эффекты хронического введения агониста D1-типа дофаминовых рецепторов — SKF-38393 (0,1 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно) и антагониста D1-типа дофаминовых рецепторов — SCH-23390 (0,1 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно) изолированно или в комбинации с низкой дозой тестостерона пропионата (0,5 мг/кг подкожно) на депрессивноподобное поведение половозрелых (3 мес) самцов крыс в условиях дефицита андрогенов в организме, которые родились от самок крыс, подвергнутых пренатальному стрессорному воздействию в последнюю треть беременности. Дофаминергические вещества и тестостерона пропионат вводили в течение 14 дней ежедневно 1 раз в сутки пренатально стрессированным самцам крыс через 2 недели после гонадэктомии. В тесте Порсолта у пренатально стрессированных гонадэктомированных (ГЭ) и ГЭ самцов крыс, получавших изолированно или комбинированно фармакологические вещества, регистрировали следующие показатели: время неподвижности, время активного и пассивного плавания. Установлено, что введение SKF-38393 оказывало антидепрессивное действие, тогда как введение SCH-23390 не влияло на характер депрессивноподобного поведения у пренатально стрессированных ГЭ крыс. Комбинированное введение SKF-38393 с тестостерона пропионатом приводило к еще большому снижению выраженности депрессивноподобного поведения, тогда как хроническое введение SCH-23390 в сочетании с тестостерона пропионатом, напротив, проявляло продепрессивное действие у пренатально стрессированных ГЭ самцов.
Потенцирование тропалгином действия опиоидного анальгетика тримеперидина при периферическом невропатическом синдроме у крыс
Authors: Зарубина Ирина Викторовна , Федорова О. В. , Шабанов П. Д.
Published: March 2018

Изучали действие тропалгина (ИЭМ-1556), оригинального анальгетического средства, на проявления невропатической боли, моделируемой перерезкой седалищного нерва. Развитие невропатического болевого синдрома оценивали у крыс Вистар по спонтанным приступам боли, аутотомии (выгрызанию) и механической аллодинии (реакции на раздражение) пораженной лапы, регистрируя данные показатели в динамике. Интенсивность аутотомии определяли по условной шкале в баллах. При невропатической боли тропалгин (2 мг/кг, внутрибрюшинно, ежедневно в течение 21 сут) не влиял на скорость развития болевой реакции и интенсивность аутотомии у крыс, разделенных по их индивидуальной чувствительности к боли на высоко- (ВЧ) и низкочувствительных (НЧ). Тримеперидин в дозе 2 мг/кг (ежедневно на протяжении 21 дня, внутрибрюшинно), но не 0,2 мг/кг, умеренно подавлял интенсивность аутотомии у животных с разной чувствительностью к боли на протяжении 21 дня наблюдения. Сочетание тропалгина (2 мг/кг) с тримеперидином (0,2 мг/кг, подпороговая доза) оказывало выраженное антиноцицептивное действие у ВЧ и НЧ к боли крыс. Следовательно, тропалгин потенцирует антиноцицептивный эффект тримеперидина, что может повысить эффективность обезболивания. В основе данного феномена рассматривается способность тропалгина высвобождать эндогенный аденозин в пуринергических нейронах.
Простагландины и мифепристон в стимуляции медикаментозного аборта
Authors: Сапожникова Татьяна Алексеевна , Зарудий Ф. С. , Габдрахманова С. Ф. , Хисамутдинова Р. Ю. , Макара Н. С. , Иванова Н. А. , Мифтахов М. С. , Баталова М. О.
Published: March 2018

Большое количество исследований, проводимых во всем мире, свидетельствует о высокой востребованности мизопростола и мифепристона в акушерстве и гинекологии, а также о продолжающемся поиске оптимальных доз мизопростола для снижения частоты побочных эффектов и выявления отдаленных последствий проведения медикаментозного аборта (МА) с использованием этих препаратов [28, 50]. В работе представлен обзор литературы по применению мизопростола и мифепристона для прерывания беременности в первом, втором и третьем триместрах по различным показаниям; сравнение эффективности данной схемы с хирургическими методами проведения аборта. Проведен анализ эффективности различных способов введения мизопростола, а также сравнение его с другими простагландинами, применяемыми для проведения МА и созревания шейки матки при подготовке к родам. Поиск литературы проведен в базах данных электронных библиотек PubMed, PMC, Elibrary.
PENGARUH PENGELOLAAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA PEKERJAAN KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG DI CV. PILAR BLITAR MAPAN
Authors: Nadhir Abu
Published: March 2018

Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) memang merupakan salah satu persyaratan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kerja karyawan yang erat kaitannya dengan hasil kerja. Pada dasarnya K3 adalah upaya mencegah/ menghindari/ mengurangi kecelakaan kerja dengan cara menghentikan/ meniadakan/ menghilangkan resiko (unsur bahaya) guna mencapai target kerja. Perusahaan yang baik adalah perusahaan yang benar-benar menjaga keselamatan dan kesehatan karyawannya dengan membuat aturan tentang keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang dilaksanakan oleh seluruh karyawan dan pimpinan perusahaan. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengungkap pengaruh pengelolaan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja pada pekerjaan kontruksi gedung di CV. Pilar Blitar Mapan Sejahtera, tujuan lainnya yaitu ingin mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pengelolaan keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja pada pekerjaan kontruksi gedung di CV. Pilar Blitar Mapan Sejahtera. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode analisis, yaitu dengan cara menganalisis permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan atau tempat usaha berdasarkan data-data yang ada. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan pendekatan dekskriptif kuantitatif, artinya mendrekskripsikan hal–hal terkait dengan tujuan penelitian secara kuantitatif. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan progam SPSS. Versi 17 yang menggunakan analisis data statistic.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh didapatkan bahwa nilai Sig (2-tailed) = 0,000 karena nilai Sig (2-tailed) < 0,05 maka disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Pengelolaan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) terhadap Produktivitas kerja pekerja. Untuk melihat seberapa kuat hubungannya dapat dilihat dari nilai Pearson Correlation, dari tabel output di dapatkan nilai r = 0,873 jika dibandingkan pada tabel interpretasi koefisien korelasi di atas maka disimpulkan kekuatan hubungannya sangat kuat dan antara variabel X dan variabel Y searah artinya semakin tinggi/ baik pengelolaan Keselamatan Kerja seseorang maka semakin tinggi pula nilai produktivitas kerja pekerja.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Hasil dari output (tabel coefficients Deteksi Hipotesis secara Uji t) diketahui nilai thitung = 6,438 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh yang signifikan variabel (X) pengelolaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) terhadap variabel Produktivitas Kerja karyawan (Y).
SIMULASI KUANTUM TRANSISTOR EFEK MEDAN MULTI GERBANG (NWFET)
Authors: Wahid Syamsudin Nur
Published: March 2018

Makalah ini membahas metode numerik untuk simulasi kuantum satu dan dua dimensi dari nanowire multigate transistor efek medan. Perangkat dimodelkan berdasarkan teori massa efektif dan formalisme fungsi Green non-ekuilibrium. Simulasi terdiri dari solusi Poisson persamaan tiga dimensi, persamaan Schrodinger dua dimensi pada penampang lintang dan persamaan transport satu dimensi. Dijelaskan detail teknik numerik untuk setiap langkah-langkah simulasi.
ANALISIS KEANDALAN GENERATOR SET SEBAGAI POWER SUPPLY DARURAT APABILA POWER SUPPLY DARI PLN MENDADAK PADAM DI MORODADI POULTRY SHOP BLITAR
Authors: SAPUTRO BUDI
Published: March 2018

Generator Set terdiri atas Mesin Engine (Motor Penggerak) dan juga Generator / Alternator, seperti yang telah di jelaskan sebelumnya. Mesin Engine yang satu ini menggunakan bahan bakar berupa Solar (Mesin Diesel) atau dapat juga menggunakan Bensin, sedangkan untuk Generatornya sendiri merupakan sebuah gulungan kawat yang di buat dari tembaga yang terdiri atas kumparan statis atau stator dan di lengkapi pula dengan kumparan berputar atau rotor. Dalam proses kerjanya, menurut ilmu fisika, Engine memutar Rotor dalam sebuah Generator yang selanjutnya hal ini menimbulkan adanya Medan Magnet pada bagian kumparan Generator. Selanjutnya Medan Magnet ini kemudian akan melakukan interaksi dengan Rotor yang kemudian akan berputar dan akan menghasilkan sebuah arus listrik dimana hal ini sesuai dengan hukum Lorentz..Pentingnya manfaat dari Mesin Generator Set ini menjadi salah satu alasan mengapa Generator Set atau Genset ini sangat di kenal oleh masyarakat luas, jadi apa bila Anda memiliki usaha yang membutuhkan Mesin Genset ini, jangan sampai mengabaikan Genset ini karena Mesin Generator Set ini dapat memperlancar usaha anda dan menjaga dari situasi yang tidak terduga.
Dryden’s Georgic Fictionality
Authors: O’Briain Katarina
Published: March 2018

This is article recovers a common history of georgic and fictionality that resides in their shared attention to craft labour. Taking Dryden’s 1697 translation of Virgil’s Georgics as a case study, this essay demonstrates how English georgics adopted a contemporary rhetoric of artisanship, which privileged reticence over the referentiality more often associated with the mode. While many persuasive studies have identified a background for georgic in the history of British empiricism, further examination of the literary inheritances of crafts-manship helps to recover formal perspectives that were often at odds with the goals of Royal Society transmission. Reading Dryden’s text alongside materials relating to the History of Trades Program, I argue that the reticent style of artisanal practice provided a possible solution for dealing with the market pressures facing poetry and the other arts. This tradition of craft poetics is an overlooked genealogy for fiction at mid-century both in terms of fiction’s etymological origins as material craftsmanship and, strategically, as a tacit mode of political dissent.
“The Wonders of Medicine in Literary Education”: Teaching Eighteenth-Century Hysteria
Authors: Meek Heather
Published: March 2018

The study of medical discourse and, more specifically, the literature of eighteenth-century hysteria has the unique ability to produce more thoughtful students of literature. The growing legitimacy of literature as a pedagogical tool in medical schools has broadened the field of literary studies, but the field of literature and medicine also has the potential to affect positive change within the English department. For students of English, to study the evolution of hysteria in the eighteenth century is to witness a steady increase in complexity, a kind of coming into ambiguity. Students become more skilled readers as they recognize hysteria not only as a ver itable medical ailment, but also as an elusive construction that laypeople, men and women of letters, and medical professionals alike agreed was difficult, if not impossible, to define. Students learn to understand more deeply the value of metaphor, to examine the literary qualities of medical discourse, and to interrogate the physician-patient hierarchy; they move towards becoming more sophisticated and critical thinkers.
Solon and the Rhetoric of Stasis
Authors: Allan William
Published: March 2018

This article considers how Solon recasts the traditional imagery of warfare and violence in order to bolster his persona as a “reconciler” (cf. Ath. Pol. 5.1–2) and peacemaker. Beginning with the fragments of his Salamis, I examine Solon’s skilled use of persona and emotion, building on the elegiac tradition of martial exhortation. Turning to fr. 4, I trace one of its most striking features, namely, the way it applies the language of epic warfare to stasis, and so suggests that the dichotomies of war versus peace, and enemy versus self, do not work in contemporary Athens. The manipulation of epic language and war imagery to support Solon’s role as reconciler is equally evident in fr. 5, and communicates Solon’s role as an outstanding and impartial protector, whose achievement has been to save the Athenians from unjust (i.e., internal) violence. In fr. 36, one of the most fascinating surviving examples of the political use of iambus in the archaic period, Solon foregrounds the damage to Athenian society caused by greed, debt, and enslavement for it and presents his unbiased reforms as having prevented civil war. By adapting epic imagery, Solon emphasizes his unfair treatment as an outsider, as he, the saviour of his community, is cast in the role of an antisocial animal. Finally, in fr. 37, Solon’s imagery is geared to arguing that the current conflict is best resolved not by violence but by peaceful agreement, a symbol of reconciliation embodied in Solon himself. Throughout my discussion, I focus on how Solon uses two strategies in particular to communicate the importance of his role: the first is the way he applies military language and metaphors to political situations and relationships in order to highlight the evils of stasis; the second is the way he recasts traditional imagery of warfare and violence to highlight his efforts, and his success, as a “reconciler” (διαλλακτής) of the warring parties.
Steady-state analysis of AP1000 with MOX/UOX mixed core loading
Authors: Selim H. K. , Amin E. H. , Hussein H. M.
Published: March 2018

Safety analysis is a major part during licensing a nuclear power plant. This paper presents coupled neutronic thermal-hydraulic calculations for a MOX/UOX mixed core loading of the Westinghouse AP1000 pressurized water reactor concept. Originally, the initial core loading of the reactor has three types of UO2 fuel assemblies with U235 enrichments are: 2.35 w/o, 3.40 w/o and 4.45 w/o. In this paper, it is assumed that one-third of fuel assemblies is replaced by MOX assemblies. The steady state conditions are calculated with the code QUARK. QUARK is a 3D neutronic kinetics code coupled to core thermal hydraulics code. The required cross-section data for QUARK were generated using WIMSD5. The results of the steady state analysis show that both core loading schemes can be used in AP1000 as the safety criteria mentioned in design control document are met.
CFD Analysis of Rewetting Behavior in Nuclear Fuel Rod Bundle with Change in Operating Conditions
Authors: Debbarma A. , Pandey K. M.
Published: March 2018

Numerical analysis on rewetting of nuclear fuel rod bundle by injecting coolant water in radial jet direction has been performed using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). CFD-CFX results are compared with experimental data and an investigation is carried out for three ranges of numerical operating conditions (central water flow: 150 lpm, 225 lpm and 300 lpm; sub-cooled coolant: 288 K, 298 K and 308 K; initial wall temperature: 430 K, 500 K and 600 K). It was observed that the rewetting behavior shows an irregular pattern of rewetting progress. Rewetting velocity has got no significance under any operating conditions. The effective numerical response is observed for rewetting temperature and wetting delay. Results show an increase in rewetting temperature, and reduction in wetting delay under higher flow rate, low sub-cooling and lowering the initial wall temperature.
Simulation model for centrifugal pump in flow networks based on internal characteristics
Authors: Sun J.-L. , Xue R.-J. , Peng M.-J.
Published: March 2018

For the simulation of centrifugal pump in flow network system, in general three approaches can be used, the fitting model, the numerical method and the internal characteristics model. The fitting model is simple and rapid thus widely used. The numerical method can provide more detailed information in comparison with the fitting model, but increases implementation complexity and computational cost. In real-time simulations of flow networks, to simulate the condition out of the rated condition, especially for the volume flow rate, which the accuracy of fitting model is incredible, a new method for simulating centrifugal pumps was proposed in this research. The method based on the theory head and hydraulic loss in centrifugal pumps, and cavitation is also to be considered. The simulation results are verified with experimental benchmark data from an actual pump. The comparison confirms that the proposed method could fit the flow-head curves well, and the responses of main parameters in dynamic-state operations are consistent with theoretical analyses.
Analysis of double-ended guillotine break at a direct vessel Injection line of ATLAS
Authors: Tatu A. , Kim J. , Kim T.
Published: March 2018

A double-ended guillotine break at a direct vessel injection line of the ATALS facility has been evaluated with the MARS-KS thermal hydraulic system analysis code. The results are validated against the ATLAS experimental data provided under the First Domestic Standard Problem for Code Assessment (DSP-01) project, indicating that the calculation can generally explain the important phenomena observed in the experiment. The major difference is that the simulation predicts a 2nd peak for the peak cladding temperature, which was not measured during the experiment. Further investigation for the core and downcomer liquid levels reveals that the 2nd peak happens because of incorrect prediction of the downcomer wall temperature caused by the lack of information for heat loss through the downcomer wall in the experiment. This is confirmed by a calculation with the downcomer wall temperature measured at the experiment modeled as a boundary condition. The results with modified downcomer wall boundary conditions show a good prediction of the PCT behavior, indicating that additional heat loss measurements at the downcomer are required for a better understanding of the complex phenomena occurring in the ATLAS downcomer.
Mathematical model for prediction of droplet sizes and distribution associated with impact of liquid-containing projectile
Authors: Shelke A. V. , Gera B. , Maheshwari N. K. , Singh R. K.
Published: March 2018

After the events of 9/11, the impact of fast flying commercial aircraft is considered as major hazard threatening the Nuclear Power Plant's (NPP) safety. The study of fuel spillage phenomenon and fireball formation is important to understand fire hazards due to burning of dispersed aviation fuel. The detailed analysis of fuel dispersion is very difficult to deliberate because both, large NPP structures and the large size of commercial aircrafts. Sandia National Laboratories, USA conducted impact tests using cylindrical projectiles filled with water to measure the associated parameters. Due to combustion properties and volatile nature of hydrocarbon fuels, the obtained parameters from impact studies using water are incomplete in fire analysis of flammable droplet clouds. A mathematical model is developed for prediction of droplet sizes and distribution associated with the impact of a liquid-containing projectile. The model can predict the transient behavior of droplet cloud. It is validated with experimental data available in literature. In the present study, the analysis has been performed using water and kerosene. The data obtained can be utilized as boundary and initial condition for CFD analysis. This information is useful for fire hazard analysis of aircraft impacts on NPP structures.
Evaluation of Serum Thyrotropin and Urinary Protein level among Pre-eclamptic Pregnancies
Authors: Begum Nasrin , Shah Kabiruzzaman , Ahmed Parvez
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study was done to evaluate serum thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH) and urinary protein level among preeclamptic pregnancies.

Patients and methods: This study was conducted at the Institute of Nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajshahi along with Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi during the period between 1st July, 2011 and 31st June, 2013.Total 66 preeclamptic pregnant patients who were referred for the assay of serum thyrotropin hormone level were included as sample under the basis of non-random purposive sampling technique. Their age, urinary protein level and level of serum thyrotropin hormone were recorded and analyzed.

Results: Among the total enrolled preeclamptic pregnant patients (n=66), Mean (± SD) age was 27 ± 3.88 years (range=19 to 35 years). Regarding urinary protein level, 26 (39.39 %) patients had 1+ urinary protein level and 40 (60.61%) patients had ≥ 2+ urinary protein level. Serum thyrotropin level was 6.16 ± 0.85 (mean ± SD) among total 66 patients. Among the preeclamptic pregnant patients having 1+ urinary protein level,  thyrotropin level was 5.38 ± 0.70 (mean ± SD) and 6.67 ± 0.49 (mean ± SD) among the patients having  ≥ 2+ urinary protein level.

Conclusion: Thyrotropin level is higher in preeclamptic pregnant patients and reflects severity of preeclampsia.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 120-122, July 2016
18F FDG PET-CT Imaging in Tuberculosis
Authors: Begum Shamim MF , Khan Md Abdus Shakur
Published: March 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second highest infective cause of death worldwide and the global impact of TB is very important. Among all the TB burden WHO regions, 40% TB cases accounts in the South East Asian region. It has become a medical emergency not only in developing countries but also in some high-income countries. The rising incidence of multidrug resistance (MDR) TB and HIV co-infection has increased the morbidity and mortality of TB despite the availability of cheap and effective treatment. The diagnosis of active TB is almost similar over the world. Conventional radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) imaging play a crucial role in the diagnosis of TB. But these conventional imaging are often nonspecific and unable to provide a definitive diagnosis in cases of atypical and heterogeneous presentation. The signs of TB may mimic other diseases in conventional imaging. The introduction of new imaging tool Fluorine18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (18F FDG PET-CT) opens the door to evaluate its potentiality application in TB. The role of this new imaging tool in TB imaging has been well documented. 18F FDG PET-CT may assist in early diagnosis, facilitate differentiation between malignancies and TB, identification of extrapulmonary TB, staging of TB, and in assessment of treatment response. Therefore, familiarity with the spectrum of imaging features and understanding the use of 18F FDG PET-CT in diagnosis and management of TB is important, especially for referring clinicians and the reporting nuclear medicine specialists in TB burden country like Bangladesh. This article reviews the main applications, pattern of imaging spectrum with limitations of 18F FDG PET-CT in TB.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 135-140, July 2016
Asymmetrical Uptakes in 99m Tc MDP Bone Scan in Upper Extremity in Patient with Prostate Cancer: an Interesting Case
Authors: Mutsuddy Pupree , Begum Shamim MF , Perveen Rahima , Salekin Mohammad Simoon
Published: March 2018

Asymmetrical uptake of 99m Tc MDP (methylene diphosphonate) in skeletal scintigraphy in extremity may lead to confusion in the diagnosis of metastasis or complex regional pain syndrome. After the exclusion of possible contamination in this report a case was presented with asymmetrical uptake of MDP in the upper extremity from accidental intra-arterial injection.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 152-154, July 2016
Validation and Initial Characterization of the Long-period Planet Kepler-1654 b
Authors: Beichman C. A. , Giles H. A. C. , Akeson R. , Ciardi D. , Christiansen J. , Isaacson H. , Marcy G. M. , Sinukoff E. , Greene T. , Fortney J. J. , Crossfield I. , Hu R. , Howard A. W. , Petigura E. A. , Knutson H. A.
Published: March 2018

Fewer than 20 transiting Kepler planets have periods longer than one year. Our early search of the Kepler light curves revealed one such system, Kepler-1654b (originally KIC 8410697b), which shows exactly two transit events and whose second transit occurred only five days before the failure of the second of two reaction wheels brought the primary Kepler mission to an end. A number of authors have also examined light curves from the Kepler mission searching for long-period planets and identified this candidate. Starting in 2014 September, we began an observational program of imaging, reconnaissance spectroscopy, and precision radial velocity (RV) measurements that confirm with a high degree of confidence that Kepler-1654b is a bona fide transiting planet orbiting a mature G5V star (T
eff = 5580 K, [Fe/H] = −0.08) with a semimajor axis of 2.03 au, a period of 1047.84 days, and a radius of 0.82 ± 0.02 R
Jup. RV measurements using Keck’s HIRES spectrometer obtained over 2.5 years set a limit to the planet’s mass of <0.5 (3σ) M
Jup. The bulk density of the planet is similar to that of Saturn or possibly lower. We assess the suitability of temperate gas giants like Kepler-1654b for transit spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope, as their relatively cold equilibrium temperatures (T
pl ∼ 200 K) make them interesting from the standpoint of exoplanet atmospheric physics. Unfortunately, these low temperatures also make the atmospheric scale heights small and thus transmission spectroscopy challenging. Finally, the long time between transits can make scheduling JWST observations difficult—as is the case with Kepler-1654b.
Chaotic Excitation and Tidal Damping in the GJ 876 System
Authors: Puranam Abhijit , Batygin Konstantin
Published: March 2018

The M-dwarf GJ 876 is the closest known star to harbor a multi-planetary system. With three outer planets locked in a chaotic Laplace-type resonance and an appreciably eccentric short-period super-Earth, this system represents a unique exposition of extrasolar planetary dynamics. A key question that concerns the long-term evolution of this system, and the fate of close-in planets in general, is how the significant eccentricity of the inner-most planet is maintained against tidal circularization on timescales comparable to the age of the universe. Here, we employ stochastic secular perturbation theory and N-body simulations to show that the orbit of the inner-most planet is shaped by a delicate balance between extrinsic chaotic forcing and tidal dissipation. As such, the planet’s orbital eccentricity represents an indirect measure of its tidal quality factor. Based on the system’s present-day architecture, we estimate that the extrasolar super-Earth GJ 876 d has a tidal Q ∼ 104–105, a value characteristic of solar system gas giants.
Storm in a Teacup: X-Ray View of an Obscured Quasar and Superbubble
Authors: Lansbury George B. , Jarvis Miranda E. , Harrison Chris M. , Alexander David M. , Moro Agnese Del , Edge Alastair C. , Mullaney James R. , Thomson Alasdair P.
Published: March 2018

We present the X-ray properties of the “Teacup AGN” (SDSS J1430+1339), a z = 0.085 type 2 quasar that is interacting dramatically with its host galaxy. Spectral modeling of the central quasar reveals a powerful, highly obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a column density of N
H = (4.2–6.5) × 1023 cm−2 and an intrinsic luminosity of L
2–10 keV = (0.8–1.4) × 1044 erg s−1. The current high bolometric luminosity inferred (L
bol ≈1045–1046 erg s−1) has ramifications for previous interpretations of the Teacup as a fading/dying quasar. High-resolution Chandra imaging data reveal a ≈10 kpc loop of X-ray emission, cospatial with the “eastern bubble” previously identified in luminous radio and ionized gas (e.g., [O iii] line) emission. The X-ray emission from this structure is in good agreement with a shocked thermal gas, with T = (4–8) × 106 K, and there is evidence for an additional hot component with T ≳ 3 × 107 K. Although the Teacup is a radiatively dominated AGN, the estimated ratio between the bubble power and the X-ray luminosity is in remarkable agreement with observations of ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies undergoing AGN feedback.
The Binary Dwarf Carbon Star SDSS J125017.90+252427.6
Authors: Margon Bruce , Kupfer Thomas , Burdge Kevin , Prince Thomas A. , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Shupe David L.
Published: March 2018

Although dwarf carbon (dC) stars are universally thought to be binaries in order to explain the presence of C
2 in their spectra while still near main-sequence luminosity, direct observational evidence for their binarity is remarkably scarce. Here, we report the detection of a 2.92 day periodicity in both the photometry and radial velocity of SDSS J125017.90+252427.6, an r = 16.4 dC star. This is the first photometric binary dC, and only the second dC spectroscopic binary. The relative phase of the photometric period to the spectroscopic observations suggests that the photometric variations are a reflection effect due to heating from an unseen companion. The observed radial velocity amplitude of the dC component (K = 98.8 ± 10.7 km s−1) is consistent with a white dwarf companion, presumably the evolved star that earlier donated the carbon to the dC, although substantial orbital evolution must have occurred. Large synoptic photometric surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory, which was used for this work, may prove useful for identifying binaries among the shorter-period dC stars.
Raising the Dead: Rediscovery and redescription of some lost spider types (Araneae) described by Eugène Simon
Authors: Dupérré Nadine , Harms Danilo
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we are redescribing type material from the Zoological Museum in Hamburg that was thought to be lost. These specimens were described in 1902 by Eugène Simon from material collected in Southern Patagonia and Fireland but the species were subsequently considered nomina dubia, or simply not considered at all. The rediscovery of this material leads to the revalidation of two genera and four species. The genera Clitistes and Zilephus are reinstated and the species Clitistesvelutinus Simon, 1902 (Dictynidae), Zilephusgranulosus Simon, 1902, Minyriolusaustralis Simon, 1902 (both Linyphiidae), and Lycosamichaelseni Simon, 1902 (Lycosidae) are redescribed. To avoid further confusion, we designate lectotypes for: Linyphiidae: Minyriolusaustralis Simon, 1902, Gongylidiellumuschuaiense Simon, 1902, Nerienefuegiana Simon, 1902, Clitistesvelutinus Simon, 1902, Zilephusgranulosus Simon, 1902; Amphinectidae: Rubriusradulifer Simon, 1902; Hahniidae: Hahniamichaelseni Simon, 1902, Bigoisantarctica Simon, 1902 and Lycosidae: Lycosamichaelseni Simon, 1902. For all prior nomina dubia and newly designated lectotypes, the type specimens are re-described and properly illustrated for the first time.
Choroidal Vascularity Index in Retinitis Pigmentosa: An OCT Study
Authors: Tan Roy , Agrawal Rupesh , Taduru Swathi , Gupta Arushi , Vupparaboina Kiran , Chhablani Jay
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate structural changes in the choroid of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A prospective study was conducted comparing 35 eyes of 35 patients with RP and 26 eyes of 26 normal patients. OCT images of the choroid were binarized into luminal and stromal areas to derive choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) was also measured and compared.

RESULTS:

There was a significant decrease in the mean CVI among eyes with RP as compared to normal eyes (56.91 ± 1.43% vs. 59.47 ± 1.55%;
P
< .0001). Mean subfoveal CT was significantly greater in eyes with RP as compared to normal eyes (262.82 μm ± 69.69 μm vs. 194.65 μm ± 23.55 μm;
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSION:

Patients with RP showed a significant reduction in CVI and an increase in CT as compared to normal eyes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:191–197.]
An Uncommon Presentation of a Scleral Cyst
Authors: Shanmugam Mahesh , Ruia Surabhi , Ramanjulu Rajesh , Mishra Divyansh
Published: March 2018

Scleral cyst is an unusual, rare clinical condition. Most of the cases reported have described the cyst to occur at the limbus, with or without involvement of the cornea. Posterior scleral cysts have seldom been reported in literature. This case report describes a postequatorial scleral cyst that may mimic a choroidal melanoma. Certain clinical features and swept-source optical coherence tomography are useful for elucidating the location of intraocular lesions anatomically, as well as distinguishing their structural characteristics.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:209–211.]
Presumed Solitary Circumscribed Retinal Astrocytic Proliferation in the Fovea With OCT Angiography: A Misnomer
Authors: Goldberg Roger A. , Raja Katherine M.
Published: March 2018

The retinal lesion known as the presumed solitary circumscribed retinal astrocytic proliferation (pSCRAP) is a benign retinal tumor. Although many of the clinical characteristics of the lesion have been described, much about the pathogenesis of this uncommon tumor is not yet known. Here, the authors report a pSCRAP lesion in the fovea with secondary vision loss occurring in middle age. Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans indicate that the lesion arises from the deep retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), whereas OCT angiography characteristics of the lesion show a lack of intrinsic or paralesional vascular flow, indicating that this lesion is fibrous and likely derived from the RPE or deep retina and not the retinal astrocytes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018
;49:212–214.]
Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system
Authors: Mikhailova Valeriia , Gulaia Valeriia , Tiasto Vladlena , Rybtsov Stanislav , Yatsunskaya Margarita , Kagansky Alexander
Published: March 2018

The modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix.

This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
A Low-complexity of VLC System using BPSK
Authors: Adiono Trio , Pradana Angga , Fuada Syifaul
Published: March 2018

The design, implementation, and demonstration of visible light communication (VLC) system using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation has been presented in this short paper. Our system is applied for indoor environment purpose. The test result shows that our VLC system able to work properly as expected, the BPSK constellation can be formed wirelessly through a visible light link. We obtained 13.4 kbps of maximum data rate transfer.
Rapid Development of System-on-Chip (SoC) for Network-Enabled Visible Light Communications
Authors: Adiono Trio , Fuada Syifaul , Saputro Rosmianto Aji
Published: March 2018

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging optical communication technology with rapid development nowadays. VLC is considered as a compliment and successor of radio-frequency (RF) wireless communication. There are various typical implementations of VLC in which one of them is for exchanging data TCP/IP packets, thus the user can browse the internet as in established Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technology. Briefly, we can call it by Light fidelity (Li-Fi). This paper described the design and implementation of System-on-Chip (SoC) subsystem for Li-Fi application where the implemented SoC consists of hardware (H/W) and software (S/W). In the H/W aspect, Physical Layer (PHY) is made by using UART communication with Ethernet connection to communicate with Host/Device personal-computer (PC). In the S/W aspect, Xillinux operating system (OS) is used. The H/W- as well as S/W-SoC, are realized in FPGA Zybo Zynq-7000 EPP development board. The functional test result shows (without optical channel or Zybo-to-Zybo only) that the implemented SoC is working as expected. It is able to exchange TCP/IP packets between two PCs. Moreover, Ethernet connection has bandwidth up to 83.6 Mbps and PHY layer baud rate has bandwidth up to 921600 bps.
The Use of the Duality Principle to Solve Optimization Problems
Authors: Ekeocha Rowland Jerry  Okechukwu , Uzor Chukwunedum , Anetor Clement
Published: March 2018

The duality principle provides that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. The solution to the dual problem provides a lower bound to the solution of the primal (minimization) problem. However the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. Their difference is called the duality gap. For convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition.  In other words given any linear program, there is another related linear program called the dual. In this paper, an understanding of the dual linear program will be developed. This understanding will give important insights into the algorithm and solution of optimization problem in linear programming.  Thus the main concepts of duality will be explored by the solution of simple optimization problem.
Development, Homeostasis, and Functions of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
Authors: Van Kaer Luc , Olivares-Villagómez Danyvid
Published: March 2018

The intestine is continuously exposed to commensal microorganisms, food, and environmental agents and also serves as a major portal of entry for many pathogens. A critical defense mechanism against microbial invasion in the intestine is the single layer of epithelial cells that separates the gut lumen from the underlying tissues. The barrier function of the intestinal epithelium is supported by cells and soluble factors of the intestinal immune system. Chief among them are intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs), which are embedded in the intestinal epithelium and represent one of the single largest populations of lymphocytes in the body. Compared with lymphocytes in other parts of the body, iIELs exhibit unique phenotypic, developmental, and functional properties that reflect their key roles in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this article, we review the biology of iIELs in supporting normal health and how their dysregulation can contribute to disease.
A study on the prevalence of depression and the severity of depression in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a semi-urban Indian population
Authors: Agarwal Abhishekl , Batra Sakshi , Prasad Rajendra , Verma Anand , Jilani Abdul Q. , Kant Surya
Published: March 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the few respiratory diseases which is associated with a number of comorbidities. Psychiatric disease like depression is a very important comorbidity of COPD because it decreases the feeling of wellbeing in the patient and also interferes with the compliance with medication thereby increasing the risk of hospitalization in the COPD patient. A cross-sectional study was done for two years in the department of pulmonary medicine at Eraâ€™s Lucknow medical college and hospital, Lucknow. A total of 150 patients were enrolled for the study after a clinico-radiological screening for the diagnosis confirmed on spirometry. After the confirmation of the diagnosis of COPD in these patients, they were screened for depression using the PHQ-9 scale in our department of pulmonary medicine. The confirmation of the diagnosis of depression was done according to the ICD-10 guidelines for depression and the severity of depression was graded using HAM-D scale in the department of psychiatry at our institute. The most common age group enrolled in the study was 51-60 years of age (40.67%). One hundred and fifteen patients (76.7%) of the enrolled patients were smokers while the remaining 35 patients (23.3%) were non-smokers. Depression was found to be present in 46 out of the total 150 patients in the study. Thus, the prevalence of depression in our study was 30.67%. Depression was seen in COPD groups B,C and D. Out of the 46 patients of COPD with depression,18 had mild depression (39.13%), 26 had moderate depression (56.52%) and 2 had severe depression (4.35%). Hence, depression of all grades (i.e., mild, moderate and severe depression) is seen in COPD groups B, C and D.
An approximation principle for congruence subgroups
Authors: Finis Tobias , Lapid Erez
Published: March 2018

The motivating question of this paper is roughly the following: given a flat group scheme

G

over

\mathbb Z_p

,

p

prime, with semisimple generic fiber

G_{\mathbb Q_p}

, how far are open subgroups of

G(\mathbb Z_p)

from subgroups of the form

X(\mathbb Z_p)\mathbf K_p(p^n)

, where

X

is a subgroup scheme of

G

and

\mathbf K_p(p^n)

is the principal congruence subgroup Ker

(G(\mathbb Z_p)\to G(\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z))

? More precisely, we will show that for

G_{\mathbb Q_p}

simply connected there exist constants

J\ge1

and

\varepsilon>0

, depending only on

G

, such that any open subgroup of

G (\mathbb Z_p)

of level

p^n

admits an open subgroup of index

\le J

which is contained in

X(\mathbb Z_p)\mathbf K_p(p^{\lceil \varepsilon n\rceil})

for some proper, connected algebraic subgroup

X

of

G

defined over

\mathbb Q_p

. Moreover, if

G

is defined over

\mathbb Z

, then

\varepsilon

and

J

can be taken independently of

p

.

We also give a correspondence between natural classes of

\mathbb Z_p

-Lie subalgebras of

\mathfrak {g}_{\mathbb Z_p}

and of closed subgroups of

G(\mathbb Z_p)

that can be regarded as a variant over

\mathbb Z_p

of Nori's results on the structure of finite subgroups of GL

(N_0,\mathbb F_p)

for large

p

[Nor 87].

As an application we give a bound for the volume of the intersection of a conjugacy class in the group

G (\hat{\mathbb Z}) = \prod_p G (\mathbb Z_p)

, for

G

defined over

\mathbb Z

, with an arbitrary open subgroup. In a companion paper, we apply this result to the limit multiplicity problem for arbitrary congruence subgroups of the arithmetic lattice

G (\mathbb Z)

.