bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Transportation Network Design and Frequency Setting: Pareto Optimality through Alternating-Objective Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Vlachopanagiotis Theocharis , Grizos Konstandinos , Georgiadis Georgios , Politis Ioannis
Published: August 2021

The transportation network design and frequency setting problem concerns the optimization of transportation systems comprising fleets of vehicles serving a set amount of passengers on a predetermined network (e.g., public transport systems). It has been a persistent focus of the transportation planning community while, its NP-hard nature continues to present obstacles in designing efficient, all-encompassing solutions. In this paper, we present a new approach based on an alternating-objective genetic algorithm that aims to find Pareto optimality between user and operator costs. Extensive computational experiments are performed on Mandl’s benchmark test and prove that the results generated by our algorithm are 5–6% improved in comparison to previously published results for Pareto optimality objectives both in regard to user and operator costs. At the same time, the methods presented are computationally inexpensive and easily run on office equipment, thus minimizing the need for expensive server infrastructure and costs. Additionally, we identify a wide variance in the way that similar computational results are reported and, propose a novel way of reporting benchmark results that facilitates comparisons between methods and enables a taxonomy of heuristic approaches to be created. Thus, this paper aims to provide an efficient, easily applicable method for finding Pareto optimality in transportation networks while highlighting specific limitations of existing research both in regards to the methods used and the way they are communicated.
Development of Natural-Drugs-Based Low-Molecular-Weight Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Feng Xiaoyi , Luo Yuning , Li Fangjie , Jian Xueting , Liu Yang
Published: August 2021

Natural small molecular drugs with excellent biocompatibility, diverse pharmacological activities, and wide sources play an increasingly important role in the development of new drug and disease treatment. In recent years, the utilization of paclitaxel, camptothecin, rhein, curcumin, and other natural small molecular drugs with unique rigid backbone structures and modifiable multiple sites as building blocks to form gels by self-assembly has attracted widespread attention. The obtained low-molecular-weight supramolecular gel not only retains the general characteristics of the gel but also overcomes the shortcomings of natural drugs, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability. It has the advantages of high drug loading, low toxicity, and outstanding stimulus responsiveness, which is widely used in biomedical fields. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of natural-drugs-based low-molecular-weight supramolecular gels reported in recent years and summarized their assembly mechanism, gel structure, gel properties, and potential applications. It is expected to provide a reference for further research of natural-drugs-based supramolecular gels.
The Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum of Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI
Authors: Grünert Sarah Catharina , Hannibal Luciana , Spiekerkoetter Ute
Published: August 2021

Glycogen storage disease type VI (GSD VI) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism due to mutations in the glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL), resulting in a deficiency of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase. We performed a systematic literature review in order to collect information on the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of all published GSD VI patients and to compare the data to those for GSD IX, a biochemically and clinically very similar disorder caused by a deficiency of phosphorylase kinase. A total of 63 genetically confirmed cases of GSD VI with clinical information were identified (median age: 5.3 years). The age at presentation ranged from 5 weeks to 38 years, with a median of 1.8 years. The main presenting symptoms were hepatomegaly and poor growth, while the most common laboratory findings at initial presentation comprised elevated activity of liver transaminases, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperlactatemia. Liver biopsies (n = 37) showed an increased glycogen content in 89.2%, liver fibrosis in 32.4% and early liver cirrhosis in 10.8% of cases, respectively. No patient received a liver transplant, and one successful pregnancy was reported. Our review demonstrates that GSD VI is a disorder with broad clinical heterogeneity and a small number of patients with a severe phenotype and liver cirrhosis. Neither clinical nor laboratory findings allow for a differentiation between GSD VI and GSD IX. Early biochemical markers of disease severity or clear genotype phenotype correlations are missing. Given the overall benign and unspecific phenotype and the need for enzymatic or genetic analyses for confirmation of the diagnosis, GSD VI is likely underdiagnosed. With new treatment approaches in sight, early, pre-symptomatic diagnosis, especially with respect to hepatic cirrhosis, will become even more important.
Effect of Regular Taekwondo Self-Defense Training on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ku Beom-Jun , Ko Kangeun , Shin Ki-Ok , Bae Ju-Yong
Published: August 2021

We aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-week Taekwondo self-defense training course on oxidative stress and inflammation in postmenopausal women. Sixteen middle-aged women participated and were randomized into two groups: a control group (CG, n = 8) and a Taekwondo self-defense training group (TSDG, n = 8). The TSDG was trained for 60 min, four times per week, for 12 weeks. Following the Taekwondo training intervention, side-step was significantly higher in the TSDG than in the CG (p < 0.001). Malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower after the intervention than before in the TSDG (p < 0.01). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were also significantly higher after the intervention than before in the TSDG (p < 0.001). After the Taekwondo training intervention, SOD levels were significantly higher in the TSDG than in the CG (p < 0.01). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were significantly lower after the intervention than before in the TSDG (p < 0.05). After the Taekwondo training intervention, TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the TSDG than in the CG (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that Taekwondo self-defense training is an effective exercise that improves agility, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in postmenopausal women.
Factors Influencing Early Readmission after Discharge against Medical Advice from the Emergency Department
Authors: Moon Byeong-Keon , Ahn Ryeok , Min Deulle , Shim JaeLan
Published: August 2021

Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) and readmissions are important issues worldwide and can lead to adverse clinical outcomes, financial burden, and exposure of healthcare workers to unintended medical disputes. This study aimed to identify factors that affect readmissions within 48 h after DAMA. This retrospective study utilized the medical records of patients who visited an emergency medical center in Korea for treatment and were readmitted during a 10-year period. Factors predicting readmission after being DAMA were identified using logistic regression analysis. The total number of patients who were DAMA during the study period was 5445, of which 351 were readmitted to the emergency department within 48 h (6.4%). Factors influencing readmission included medical aid (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46–2.83) and foreign worker insurance (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.04–4.09) as their health insurance, as well as presenting for readmission by car (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08–1.82). Healthcare workers should treat patients who are DAMA and those who are likely to return with a more careful and preventative management strategy so that potential clinical, legal, and economic impacts of DAMA can be mitigated.
Healthcare Expenditures Associated with Heart Failure in Saudi Arabia: A Cost of Illness Study
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmed , Algarni Eman , Balkhi Bander , Altowaijri Abdulaziz , Alhossan Abdulaziz
Published: August 2021

Heart failure (HF) is considered to be a global health problem that generates a significant economic burden. Despite the growing prevalence in Saudi Arabia, the economic burden of HF is not well studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the health care expenditures associated with HF in Saudi Arabia from a social perspective. We conducted a multicenter cost of illness (COI) study in two large governmental centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using 369 HF patients. A COI model was developed in order to estimate the direct medical costs associated with HF. The indirect costs of HF were estimated based on a human capital approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The direct medical cost per HF patient was $9563. Hospitalization costs were the major driver in total spending, followed by medication and diagnostics costs. The cost significantly increased in line with the disease progression, ranging from $3671 in class I to $16,447 in class IV. The indirect costs per working HF patient were $4628 due to absenteeism, and $6388 due to presenteeism. The economic burden of HF is significantly high in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers need to focus on allocating resources towards strategies that prevent frequent hospitalizations and improve HF management and patient outcomes in order to lower the growing economic burden.
Community Health Nursing Competency and Psychological and Organizational Empowerment of Public Health Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kuo Ching-Pyng , Hsieh Pei-Lun , Chen Hsiao-Mei , Yang Shang-Yu , Hsiao Yu-Ling , Wang Shu-Liang
Published: August 2021

Aim: This study explored the effect of public health nurses’ current community care nursing competency on the psychological and organizational empowerment of public health services in Taiwan. Design: A cross-sectional nationwide survey design was used. Methods: A self-developed structured questionnaire was administered to public health nurses. They were recruited using a purposive sampling technique, and they participated in community healthcare workshops. Results: The mean score of Community Care Nursing Competence (CCNC) was 3.92 ± 0.83. The mean score in Community Empowerment (CE) was 3.66 ± 0.90. The study revealed that age and communication competence were crucial factors in public health nurses working in the community. With age and through the accumulation of practical experience, public health nurses’ communication competence may also improve, which can further enhance their psychological and organizational empowerment in the nursing workplace.
Long-Term Outcome after Asphyxia and Therapeutic Hypothermia in Late Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lademann Hanne , Abshagen Karl , Janning Anna , Däbritz Jan , Olbertz Dirk
Published: August 2021

Therapeutic hypothermia (THT) is the recommended treatment for neuroprotection in (near) term newborns that experience perinatal asphyxia with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The benefit of THT in preterm newborns is unknown. This pilot study aims to investigate long-term outcomes of late preterm asphyctic infants with and without THT compared to term infants. The single-center, retrospective analysis examined medical charts of infants with perinatal asphyxia born between 2008 and 2015. Long-term outcome was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2 at the age of (corrected) 24 months. Term (n = 31) and preterm (n = 8) infants with THT showed no differences regarding their long-term outcomes of psychomotor development (Psychomotor Developmental Index 101 ± 16 vs. 105 ± 11, p = 0.570), whereas preterm infants had a better mental outcome (Mental Developmental Index 105 ± 13 vs. 93 ± 18, p = 0.048). Preterm infants with and without (n = 69) THT showed a similar mental and psychomotor development (Mental Developmental Index 105 ± 13 vs. 96 ± 20, p = 0.527; Psychomotor Developmental Index 105 ± 11 vs. 105 ± 15, p = 0.927). The study highlights the importance of studying THT in asphyctic preterm infants. However, this study shows limitations and should not be used as a basis for decision-making in the clinical context. Results of a multicenter trial of THT for preterm infants (ID No.: CN-01540535) have to be awaited.
Salt Weathering of Natural Stone: A Review of Comparative Laboratory Studies
Authors: Alves Carlos , Figueiredo Carlos A. M. , Sanjurjo-Sánchez Jorge , Hernández Ana C.
Published: August 2021

Natural stone is an important component of historical heritage (buildings and art objects such as sculptures or rock engravings), and it is still widely used in contemporary works. Soluble salts are the main erosive agent in the built environment, and we review here comparative studies that subject the same rock type to testing with different salt solutions. The results mostly support the accepted notion of the major impact of sodium sulphate, although there are some exceptions. The effects of sodium chloride and calcium sulphate deserve specific discussion given field information on the relevance of these specific salts in the built environment. We relate the information collected to the issues of risk assessment (considering both geochemical conditions and salt effects) and conservation interventions (highlighting the interest of tests that do not produce damage to susceptible materials) and present some methodological suggestions to avoid a case study culture.
Flow Coefficient and Reduced Frequency Effects on Wake-Boundary Layer Interaction in Highly Accelerated LPT Cascade
Authors: Canepa Edward , Lengani Davide , Nilberto Alessandro , Petronio Daniele , Simoni Daniele , Ubaldi Marina , Zunino Pietro
Published: August 2021

The paper presents a detailed analysis of particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements performed in a turbine cascade representative of highly accelerated low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades. Two cameras have been simultaneously used to observe a great portion of the suction side boundary layer with the highest possible spatial resolution, thus allowing us to solve the interaction process between impinging upstream wakes and the blade boundary layer. Four unsteady inflow conditions, characterized by different incoming wake reduced frequencies and flow coefficients, have been examined at fixed Reynolds number. The highly resolved flow fields have been processed to explore reduced frequency and flow coefficient effects on the boundary layer unsteady transition process and, consequently, on loss production. For a deep physical insight on the mechanisms responsible for loss generation, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been applied at different phases of the wake passing period. This has provided the dominant structures affecting the cascade aerodynamics during the wake period. Moreover, the examination of POD modes has allowed us to show the effects induced by the parameter variation on the turbulent kinetic energy production and thus to the unsteady loss production mechanisms.
State of Conservation of Concrete Heritage Buildings: A European Screening
Authors: Pardo Redondo Gabriel , Franco Giovanna , Georgiou Antroula , Ioannou Ioannis , Lubelli Barbara , Musso Stefano F. , Naldini Silvia , Nunes Cristiana , Vecchiattini Rita
Published: August 2021

Historic concrete buildings are at risk. Limited knowledge of concrete technology until the 1960s led to more sensitive buildings than modern concrete buildings. In addition, the lack of sensibility regarding their heritage value and insufficient protection is leading to remorseless demolition. Still, concrete has proved to be a resilient material that can last over a century with proper care. There is not yet an estimation of the status of historic concrete buildings in Europe. Until now, a few attempts have been done to secondarily, and subjectively, gauge their conservation status. This paper is the result of a joint investigation studying forty-eight historic concrete buildings distributed in four countries. They were surveyed by expert teams according to a predefined methodology. The study aims to identify recurrent damages and parameters affecting the conservation state. It also aims to serve as the first trial for an objective and measurable methodology, to apply it with a statistically significant number of cases. Damages related to the corrosion of reinforcement and moisture-related processes were the most recurrent. The use of plasters, flat roofs, and structural façade walls show a positive effect in protecting the concrete. The state of conservation has a great variability across countries.
From Insect Pheromones to Mating Disruption: Theory and Practice
Authors: Benelli Giovanni , Lucchi Andrea
Published: August 2021

Insects perceive and integrate a hierarchy of visual, chemical and tactile cues for feeding and reproductive purposes, as well as for predator and parasitoid avoidance [...]
Excess Provisional Extracellular Matrix: A Common Factor in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Formation
Authors: Kern Christine B.
Published: August 2021

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common cardiac malformation, found in 0.5% to 2% of the population. BAVs are present in approximately 50% of patients with severe aortic stenosis and are an independent risk factor for aortic aneurysms. Currently, there are no therapeutics to treat BAV, and the human mutations identified to date represent a relatively small number of BAV patients. However, the discovery of BAV in an increasing number of genetically modified mice is advancing our understanding of molecular pathways that contribute to BAV formation. In this study, we utilized the comparison of BAV phenotypic characteristics between murine models as a tool to advance our understanding of BAV formation. The collation of murine BAV data indicated that excess versican within the provisional extracellular matrix (P-ECM) is a common factor in BAV development. While the percentage of BAVs is low in many of the murine BAV models, the remaining mutant mice exhibit larger and more amorphous tricuspid AoVs, also with excess P-ECM compared to littermates. The identification of common molecular characteristics among murine BAV models may lead to BAV therapeutic targets and biomarkers of disease progression for this highly prevalent and heterogeneous cardiovascular malformation.
Reliability of Pelvic Floor Muscle Assessment with Transabdominal Ultrasound in Young Nulliparous Women
Authors: Zając Bartosz , Sulowska-Daszyk Iwona , Mika Anna , Stolarczyk Artur , Rosłoniec Ewelina , Królikowska Aleksandra , Rzepko Marian , Oleksy Łukasz
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of pelvic floor muscles evaluation via transabdominal ultrasonography in young nulliparous women and to present the methodology for quantitative assessment of the ultrasound image of the pelvic floor muscles visible as displacement of the posterior wall of the bladder, caused by action of the pelvic floor muscles. The study comprised 30 young, Caucasian, nulliparous women (age 22–27; 168.6 ± 5.1 cm; 57.1 ± 11.8 kg) without pelvic floor muscle dysfunctions. The intra-rater, test-retest and inter-rater reliability of pelvic floor muscles evaluation was performed using transabdominal ultrasound at rest and during voluntary contraction. The reliability was assessed at three points of the image (at the middle, on the right and left side). The reliability of the three-point measurement of the pelvic floor muscles transabdominal ultrasound is excellent in the case of intra-rater assessments, both at rest (ICC = 0.98–0.99) and during contraction (ICC = 0.97–0.98); moderate at rest (ICC = 0.54–0.62) and poor during contraction (ICC = 0.22–0.50) in the case of test–retest assessment; excellent at rest (ICC = 0.95–0.96), and good during contraction (ICC = 0.81–0.87) in the case of inter-rater assessment. Transabdominal ultrasound is a reliable method of pelvic floor muscle evaluation. The three-points of assessment used in our study allowed for broader and more comprehensive imaging of the pelvic floor muscle, e.g., for quantitative detection contractility imbalances between the left and right side Due to the fact that understanding mechanisms of pelvic floor muscle functioning is crucial in the therapy of pelvic floor dysfunctions, therefore, reliable, valid tests and instruments are important.
Telehealth and Screening Strategies in the Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
Authors: Wong Sze H. , Tsai James C.
Published: August 2021

Telehealth has become a viable option for glaucoma screening and glaucoma monitoring due to advances in technology. The ability to measure intraocular pressure without an anesthetic and to take optic nerve photographs without pharmacologic pupillary dilation using portable equipment have allowed glaucoma screening programs to generate enough data for assessment. At home, patients can perform visual acuity testing, web-based visual field testing, rebound tonometry, and video visits with the physician to monitor for glaucomatous progression. Artificial intelligence will enhance the accuracy of data interpretation and inspire confidence in popularizing telehealth for glaucoma.
[18F]Fluorothymidine Uptake in the Porcine Pancreatic Elastase-Induced Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Gandhi Richa , Koch-Paszkowski Joanna , Tsoumpas Charalampos , Bailey Marc A.
Published: August 2021

The porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model is a common preclinical model of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Some notable characteristics of this model include the low aortic rupture rate, non-progressive disease course, and infra-renal AAA formation. Enhanced [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has previously been reported in the angiotensin II-induced murine model of AAA. Here, we report our preliminary findings of investigating [18F]FLT uptake in the PPE murine model of AAA. [18F]FLT uptake was found to be substantially increased in the abdominal areas recovering from the surgery, whilst it was not found to be significantly increased within the PPE-induced AAA, as confirmed using in vivo PET/CT and ex vivo whole-organ gamma counting (PPE, n = 7; controls, n = 3). This finding suggests that the [18F]FLT may not be an appropriate radiotracer for this specific AAA model, and further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to elucidate the pathobiology contributing to the reduced uptake of [18F]FLT in this model.
Microplastics in Surface Sediments along the Montenegrin Coast, Adriatic Sea: Types, Occurrence, and Distribution
Authors: Bošković Neda , Joksimović Danijela , Peković Milica , Perošević-Bajčeta Ana , Bajt Oliver
Published: August 2021

Considering that microplastics are widespread in the marine environment, in this study we evaluated the presence, identify distribution, abundance, shape type, and color of microplastics in surface sediment along the Montenegrin coast, on the Adriatic Sea. These preliminary results provide the first published record of microplastics found in the surface sediment of this area and highlight the importance of microplastics as a component of marine debris. We documented the presence of microplastics at all sampling locations. The identification of polymer types was performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, whereby the presence of three polymer types became evident: polypropylene (54.5%), polyethylene (9.7%), and acrylate copolymer (2.0%). Another 22.2% of particles were unidentified polymers, and the remaining 11.5% were non-synthetic materials. The most common shape type of microplastics was filaments (55.5%), followed by granules (26.3%), fragments (14.9%), and films (3.3%). The dominant colors of microplastics followed the order: blue > yellow > red > clear > black > green > blue-white > white. The average abundance of microplastics in all sampling locations was 609 pieces of microplastic/kg of dry sediment. Compared with other studies, the surface sediment of the Montenegrin coast is moderately to highly polluted with microplastics, depending on the examined location.
Effects of Notches and Defects on Dwell Fatigue Mechanism and Fatigue Life of Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloy Used in Deep-Sea Submersibles
Authors: Sun Jian , Wu Lei , Sun Chengqi
Published: August 2021

The notch (i.e., stress concentration) and defect are important factors influencing the conventional fatigue behavior of metallic materials. What is the influence of notches and defects on the dwell fatigue mechanism and fatigue life? In this paper, the effects of notches and defects on the dwell fatigue behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy used in deep-sea submersibles are investigated under the load control mode. It is shown that the dwell fatigue is insensitive to the defect size (190–438 μm) compared to the conventional fatigue. For notched specimens, they all present fatigue failure mode under dwell fatigue testing, and the dwell fatigue life is higher than that of the smooth specimen at the same local maximum stress. The dwell of the maximum stress has no influence on the fatigue life and failure mechanism for notched specimens. Moreover, the facet feature is observed in the crack initiation region for both the conventional and dwell fatigue of notched specimens. Electron backscatter diffraction observation indicates that the feature of the fine line markings on the facet in the image by scanning electron microscope is due to the steps on the fracture surface of the α grain.
Highly Clonal Structure and Abundance of One Haplotype Characterise the Diplodia sapinea Populations in Europe and Western Asia
Authors: Adamson Kalev , Laas Marili , Blumenstein Kathrin , Busskamp Johanna , Langer Gitta J. , Klavina Darta , Kaur Anu , Maaten Tiit , Mullett Martin S. , Müller Michael M. , Ondrušková Emília , Padari Allar , Pilt Enn , Riit Taavi , Solheim Halvor , Soonvald Liina , Tedersoo Leho , Terhonen Eeva , Drenkhan Rein
Published: August 2021

Diplodia sapinea is a cosmopolitan endophyte and opportunistic pathogen having occurred on several conifer species in Europe for at least 200 years. In Europe, disease outbreaks have increased on several Pinus spp. in the last few decades. In this study, the genetic structure of the European and western Asian D. sapinea population were investigated using 13 microsatellite markers. In total, 425 isolates from 15 countries were analysed. A high clonal fraction and low genetic distance between most subpopulations was found. One single haplotype dominates the European population, being represented by 45.3% of all isolates and found in nearly all investigated countries. Three genetically distinct subpopulations were found: Central/North European, Italian and Georgian. The recently detected subpopulations of D. sapinea in northern Europe (Estonia) share several haplotypes with the German subpopulation. The northern European subpopulations (Latvia, Estonia and Finland) show relatively high genetic diversity compared to those in central Europe suggesting either that the fungus has existed in the North in an asymptomatic/endophytic mode for a long time or that it has spread recently by multiple introductions. Considerable genetic diversity was found even among isolates of a single tree as 16 isolates from a single tree resulted in lower clonal fraction index than most subpopulations in Europe, which might reflect cryptic sexual proliferation. According to currently published allelic patterns, D. sapinea most likely originates from North America or from some unsampled population in Asia or central America. In order to enable the detection of endophytic or latent infections of planting stock by D. sapinea, new species-specific PCR primers (DiSapi-F and Diplo-R) were designed. During the search for Diplodia isolates across the world for species specific primer development, we identified D. africana in California, USA, and in the Canary Islands, which are the first records of this species in North America and in Spain.
Systems Radiology and Personalized Medicine
Authors: Foppen Wouter , Tolboom Nelleke , de Jong Pim A.
Published: August 2021

Medicine has evolved into a high level of specialization using the very detailed imaging of organs [...]
The Effect of Dividend Payment on Firm’s Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Anh Huu , Pham Cuong Duc , Doan Nga Thanh , Ta Trang Thu , Nguyen Hieu Thanh , Truong Tu Van
Published: August 2021

This research aims to investigate the effects of dividend policies on a firms’ financial performance. The paper explores the research gap and then builds a research model using ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s Q as dependent variables, dividend rate and decision of dividend payment as independent variables. The paper collected data and financial statements of 450 firms that are listing on the stock market of Vietnam from 2008 to 2019. The analysis results indicate that the decision of dividend payment has negative impact to Vietnamese firms measured by accounting-based performance but this improve market expectation on firms. In addition, the paper finds that Vietnamese firms are offering low dividend rate which has a positive impact on accounting-based performance but a negative effect on market expectation. This paper proposes some instructive recommendations based on the findings, including a more appropriate model of dividend policies, a lower dividend rate, and clear decision of dividend payment.
Does a Board Characteristic Moderate the Relationship between CSR Practices and Financial Performance? Evidence from European ESG Firms
Authors: Rossi Matteo , Chouaibi Jamel , Chouaibi Salim , Jilani Wafa , Chouaibi Yamina
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine the potential effect that corporate social responsibility practices (CSR) have on financial performance in ESG firms, using the moderating role of board characteristics. To test the moderating effect of the board characteristics in the relationship between CSR practices and financial performance, we applied linear regressions with panel data using the Thomson Reuters ASSET4 database from European countries in analyzing data of 225 listed companies between 2015 and 2019. The results show that board characteristics partially moderate the relationship between CSR practices and financial performance in European ESG firms. In addition, this study indicates that CSR practices affect the firm’s financial performance positively. The study findings appended a new dimension to governance research that could provide policymakers and regulators with a valuable source of information to strengthen governance mechanisms for better financial performance. Previous studies mostly investigate the direct effect of corporate governance on financial performance. A few studies examine the moderating effect of CSR practice. This paper contributes by investigating the moderating effect of governance mechanisms in the ESG context.
Pricing Product Options and Using Them to Complete Markets for Functions of Two Underlying Asset Prices
Authors: Madan Dilip B. , Wang King
Published: August 2021

Options paying the product of put and/or call option payouts at different strikes on two underlying assets are observed to synthesize joint densities and replicate differentiable functions of two underlying asset prices. The pricing of such options is undertaken from three perspectives. The first perspective uses a geometric two-dimensional Brownian motion model. The second inverts two-dimensional characteristic functions. The third uses a bootstrapped physical measure to propose a risk charge minimizing hedge using options on the two underlying assets. The options are priced at the cost of the hedge plus the risk charge.
The Melody of Speech: What the Melodic Perception of Speech Reveals about Language Performance and Musical Abilities
Authors: Christiner Markus , Gross Christine , Seither-Preisler Annemarie , Schneider Peter
Published: August 2021

Research has shown that melody not only plays a crucial role in music but also in language acquisition processes. Evidence has been provided that melody helps in retrieving, remembering, and memorizing new language material, while relatively little is known about whether individuals who perceive speech as more melodic than others also benefit in the acquisition of oral languages. In this investigation, we wanted to show which impact the subjective melodic perception of speech has on the pronunciation of unfamiliar foreign languages. We tested 86 participants for how melodic they perceived five unfamiliar languages, for their ability to repeat and pronounce the respective five languages, for their musical abilities, and for their short-term memory (STM). The results revealed that 59 percent of the variance in the language pronunciation tasks could be explained by five predictors: the number of foreign languages spoken, short-term memory capacity, tonal aptitude, melodic singing ability, and how melodic the languages appeared to the participants. Group comparisons showed that individuals who perceived languages as more melodic performed significantly better in all language tasks than those who did not. However, even though we expected musical measures to be related to the melodic perception of foreign languages, we could only detect some correlations to rhythmical and tonal musical aptitude. Overall, the findings of this investigation add a new dimension to language research, which shows that individuals who perceive natural languages to be more melodic than others also retrieve and pronounce utterances more accurately.
Swimming Training Does Not Affect the Recovery of Femoral Midshaft Structural and Mechanical Properties in Growing Diabetic Rats Treated with Insulin
Authors: Gomes Gilton de Jesus , da Silva Márcia Ferreira , da Silva Edson , Del Carlo Ricardo Junqueira , da Cunha Daise Nunes Queiroz , Carneiro-Junior Miguel Araújo , Prímola-Gomes Thales Nicolau , Natali Antônio José
Published: August 2021

Background: The effects of swimming training associated with insulin treatment on the cortical bone health in young rats with severe type 1 diabetes remain unclear, although there is evidence of such effects on the cancellous bone. This study examined the effects of swimming training combined with insulin therapy on the femoral midshaft structural and mechanical properties in growing rats with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 10): control sedentary, control exercise, diabetic sedentary, diabetic exercise, diabetic sedentary plus insulin and diabetic exercise plus insulin. Diabetic rats received an injection (60 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin (STZ). Exercised animals underwent a swimming program for eight weeks. Results: Diabetes induced by STZ decreased the bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and cortical thickness and maximum load and tenacity in the femoral midshaft. Insulin treatment partially counteracted the damages induced by diabetes on BMC, BMD and cortical thickness and tenacity. Swimming training did not affect the femoral structural and mechanical properties in diabetic rats. The combination of treatments did not potentiate the insulin effects. In conclusion, swimming training does not affect the benefits of insulin treatment on the femoral midshaft structural and mechanical properties in growing rats with severe type 1 diabetes.
Exploring the Potentials of Automation in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Paving the Way for Autonomous Supply Chains
Authors: Nitsche Benjamin
Published: August 2021

The world of logistics is changing and entering a new era. The advance of digitalization and technologization enables new business models, increased process efficiencies, novel planning approaches, and much more but, on the downside, there is also the risk of being lost in the maelstrom of developments. Within these developments, the automation of logistics processes and ultimately the design of autonomous logistics systems is one of the most defining trends that has far-reaching consequences for the planning and execution of future logistics processes. This Special Issue aims to contribute to the discussion and to get to the bottom of the question of how the path towards automated and autonomous logistics systems should be designed. This editorial lays a foundation by presenting application areas of automation and discussing the theoretical path towards autonomous logistics systems. The articles that follow provide highly practical insights into current research results on the automation and autonomization of informational and physical logistics processes.
Comparison of J Integral Assessments for Cracked Plates and Pipes
Authors: Gajdoš Ľubomír , Šperl Martin , Bayer Jan , Kuželka Jiří
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to compare two predictive methods of J integral assessments for center-cracked plates, single-edge cracked plates and double-edge cracked plates produced from X52 and X70 steels, and a longitudinally cracked pipe produced from X70 steel. The two methods examined are: the GSM method and the Js procedure of the French RCC-MR construction code, designated here as the FC method. The accuracy of J integral predictions by these methods is visualized by comparing the results obtained with the “reference” values calculated by the EPRI method. The main results showed that both methods yielded similar J integral values, although in most cases, the GSM predictions were slightly more conservative than the FC predictions. In comparison with the “reference” values of the J integral, both methods provided conservative results for most crack configurations, although the estimates for cracks of a relative length smaller than 1/8 were not found to be so conservative. The prediction of burst pressures for external longitudinal semielliptical part-through cracks in X70 steel pipe showed that the magnitudes of predicted burst pressures came very close to each other, and were conservative compared to FEM (finite element method) calculations and experimentally determined burst pressures.
Electrochemical Degradation of Tetracycline Using a Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 Anode: Performance, Kinetics, and Degradation Mechanism
Authors: Dong Hao , Chi Wanqiang , Gao Ang , Xie Tianyu , Gao Bo
Published: August 2021

Tetracycline (TC) is widely used in production and in life. The high volume of its use and the difficulty of its disposal have become the most important causes of environmental pollution. A suitable method needs to be found to solve this problem. In this study, the Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 electrode was characterized for its surface morphology and crystal composition. The electrochemical catalytic ability of the Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 electrode was investigated using LSV and CV tests. The electrochemical degradation of tetracycline (TC) in water with a Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 anode was investigated. The main influence factors, such as current density (2.5–10 mA/cm2), electrode spacing (20–40 mm), initial TC concentration (20–80 mg/L) and initial solution pH (4.74–9.48) were analyzed in detail and their influences on reaction kinetics was summed up. The removal rate increased along with the increasing current density, decreasing initial TC concentration and decreasing of electrode distance under the experimental conditions. The optimum pH was 4.74. UV–vis, total organic carbon (TOC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analyses were used to reveal the mechanism of TC degradation. Nine main intermediates were identified, and the degradation pathways were proposed. A new insight has been postulated for the safe and efficient degradation of TC using the Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 electrode.
Modification and Properties of Cellulose Nonwoven Fabric—Multifunctional Mulching Material for Agricultural Applications
Authors: Gabryś Tobiasz , Fryczkowska Beata , Grzybowska-Pietras Joanna , Biniaś Dorota
Published: August 2021

The paper describes a method of modifying a commercial viscose nonwoven fabric and its use as a modern mulching material in agriculture. The conducted research confirmed that the proposed modification of the viscose nonwoven fabric could be successfully used as a multipurpose and, above all, completely biodegradable nonwoven crop cover, which will eliminate the problem of disposal after the harvest period. Modified cellulose nonwoven fabric was obtained by staining with NB—BT helion brown, then padding with potassium nitrate (KNO3) solution (used as a fertilizer) and finally coating with polylactide (PLA) solution. The characterisation of the nonwoven fabric included structural analysis, physicochemical properties and mechanical tests. The modified cellulose nonwovens were used in the tunnel cultivation of tomatoes as a heat-retardant, water-absorbing, antiweed mulching material that prevents soil infestation and slowly releases fertilizers.
Non-Equilibrium Crystallization of Monotectic Zn-25%Bi Alloy under 600 g
Authors: Boczkal Grzegorz , Palka Pawel , Kokosz Piotr , Boczkal Sonia , Mrowka-Nowotnik Grazyna
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the influence of supergravity on the segregation of components in the Zn–Bi monotectic system and consequently, the creation of an interface of the separation zone of both phases. The observation showed that near the separation boundary, in a very narrow area of the order of several hundred microns, all types of structures characteristic for the concentration range from 0 to 100% bismuth occurred. An additional effect of crystallization in high gravity is a high degree of structural order and an almost perfectly flat separation boundary. This is the case for both the zinc-rich zone and the bismuth-rich zone. Texture analysis revealed the existence of two privileged orientations in the zinc zone. Gravitational segregation also resulted in a strong rearrangement of the heavier bismuth to the outer end of the sample, leaving only very fine precipitates in the zinc region. For comparison, the results obtained for the crystallization under normal gravity are given. The effect of high orderliness of the structure was then absent. Despite segregation, a significant part of bismuth remained in the form of precipitates in the zinc matrix, and the separation border was shaped like a lens. The described method can be used for the production of massive bimaterials with a directed orientation of both components and a flat interface between them, such as thermo-generator elements or bimetallic electric cell parts, where the parameters (thickness) of the junction can be precisely defined at the manufacturing stage.
Elementary, Atomic-Level Friction Processes in Systems with Metallic Inclusions—Systematic Simulations for a Wide Range of Local Pressures
Authors: Gzik-Szumiata Małgorzata , Szumiata Tadeusz , Morozow Dmitrij , Szewczyk Roman
Published: August 2021

In this work, simulations of friction at the atomic level were performed to evaluate the influence of inclusions coming from metallic nanoadditives in the friction pair. The simple 2D model was applied considering appropriate values of Lennard–Jones potential parameters for given sets of interacting atoms. The real sliding pairs were replaced by effective equivalents consisting of several atoms. The calculations were based on the pseudo-static approximation. The simplicity of the model enabled to repeat the fast calculations in a very wide range of local pressures and for several types of atomic tribopairs. The performed simulations demonstrated a strong dependence of the coefficient of friction (COF) on the atomic environment of the atoms constituting a tribopair. It was confirmed theoretically that the Mo-Fe pair is characterized by lower atomic COF than Fe-Fe, Cu-Fe, and Ag-Fe pairs. This points to the great applicational potential of metallic molybdenum coating applications in tribological systems. Moreover, it was demonstrated that, although Cu-Cu and Ag-Ag pairs are characterized by relatively high COF, they lower the friction as inclusions in Fe surfaces.
Magnetization Reversal and Dynamics in Epitaxial Fe/Pt Spintronic Bilayers Stimulated by Interfacial Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kehagias Thomas , Karfaridis Dimitrios , Ballani Camillo , Mihalceanu Laura , Hauser Christoph , Vasileiadis Isaak G. , Dimitrakopulos George P. , Vourlias George , Papaioannou Evangelos Th.
Published: August 2021

We have explored the impact of elevated growth and annealing temperatures on the local interfacial structure of thin Fe(12 nm)/Pt(10 nm) spintronic bilayers, epitaxially grown on MgO (100), and their correlation to magnetization reversal and dynamics. Electron-beam evaporation growth and subsequent annealing at 450 °C causes significant roughening of the MgO/Fe interface with irregular steps and multilevel (100) MgO surface terraces. Consequently, threading dislocations emerging at the step edges propagated in the Fe layer and terminated at the Fe/Pt interface, which appears pitted with pits 1.5–3 nm deep on the Fe side. Most of the pits are filled with the overlying Pt, whereby others by ferrimagnetic Fe3O4, forming nanoparticles that occupy nearly 9% of the Fe/Pt interfacial area. Fe3O4 nanoparticles occur at the termination sites of threading dislocations at the Fe/Pt interface, and their population density is equivalent to the density of threading dislocations in the Fe layer. The morphology of the Fe/Fe3O4/Pt system has a strong impact on the magnetization reversal, enhancing the coercive field and inducing an exchange bias below 200 K. Furthermore, low-temperature spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect voltage measurements reveal that below their blocking temperature the nanoparticles can influence the spin current transmission and the spin rectification effects.
Syntactic Iron Foams’ Properties Tailored by Means of Case Hardening via Carburizing or Carbonitriding
Authors: Weise Jörg , Lehmhus Dirk , Sandfuchs Jaqueline , Steinbacher Matthias , Fechte-Heinen Rainer , Busse Matthias
Published: August 2021

Metal foam inserts are known for their high potential for weight and vibration reduction in composite gear wheels. However, most metal foams do not meet the strength requirements mandatory for the transfer of sufficiently high levels of torque by the gears. Syntactic iron and steel foams offer higher strength levels than conventional two-phase metal foams, thus making them optimum candidates for such inserts. The present study investigates to what extent surface hardening treatments commonly applied to gear wheels can improve the mechanical properties of iron-based syntactic foams. Experiments performed thus focus on case hardening treatments based on carburizing and carbonitriding, with subsequent quenching and tempering to achieve surface hardening effects. Production of samples relied on the powder metallurgical metal injection molding (MIM) process. Syntactic iron foams containing 10 wt.% of S60HS hollow glass microspheres were compared to reference materials without such filler. Following heat treatments, the samples’ microstructure was evaluated metallographically; mechanical properties were determined via hardness measurements on reference samples and 4-point bending tests, on both reference and syntactic foam materials. The data obtained show that case hardening can indeed improve the mechanical performance of syntactic iron foams by inducing the formation of a hardened surface layer. Moreover, the investigation indicates that the respective thermo-chemical treatments can be applied to composite gear wheels in exactly the same way as to monolithic ones. In the surface region modified by the treatment, martensitic microstructures were observed, and as consequence, the bending limits of syntactic foam samples were increased by a factor of three.