bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic inhibition of NUDT21 by secretory S100A11 and exosomal miR‐487a‐5p promotes melanoma oligo‐ to poly‐metastatic progression
Authors: Zeng Bin , Chen Yuting , Chen Hao , Zhao Qiting , Sun Zhiwei , Liu Doudou , Li Xiaoshuang , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Jianyu , Xing H. Rosie
Published: June 2023

Although early diagnosis and therapeutic advances have transformed the living quality and outcome of cancer patients, the poor prognosis for metastatic patients has not been significantly improved. Mechanisms underlying the complexity of metastasis cannot be simply determined by the straightforward ‘cause‐and‐effect relationships’. We have developed a ‘dry‐lab‐driven knowledge discovery and wet‐lab validation’ approach to embrace the complexity of cancer and metastasis. We have revealed for the first time that polymetastatic (POL) melanoma cells can utilize both the secretory protein pathway (S100A11–Sec23a) and the exosomal crosstalk (miR‐487a‐5p) to transfer their ‘polymetastatic competency’ to the oligometastatic (OL) melanoma cells, via synergistic co‐targeting of the tumor‐suppressor Nudt21. The downstream deregulated glycolysis was verified to regulate metastatic colonization efficiency. Further, two gene sets conferring independent prognosis in melanoma were identified, which have the potential for clinical translation and merit future clinical validation.
Categorizing the behavior and values of detached housing residents related to obtaining warmth
Authors: Fukusaka Makoto , Matsubara Naoki , Yamato Yoshiaki , Matsubara Sayoko , Awajitani Naoki
Published: June 2023

The categoraization employed for Kyoto residents' consciousness, values, and physical constitution described in the previous report was also applied to Hiroshima and Aichi, and the validity of the categoraization was confirmed. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) The questions on the residents' consciousness, values, and physical constitution were highly independent, and the first principal component, “the importance of values, such as environmental protection, traditions, and seasonality,” and the second component, “tolerance/patience with cold weather,” were found to be applicable to Hiroshima and Aichi, as well as to Kyoto. (2) The two principal components were used to categorize residents into four groups in each of the study areas, and the characteristics of each group were reviewed. Trends in the three areas were similar, but there were also trends unique to Hiroshima and Aichi, where consciousness and values prioritizing the environment and nature conservation were observed. (3) We consider that observing environmental regulation behavior with a focus on the consciousness, values, and physical constitution of residents may provide clues to understanding the diversity of living styles. This leads to the identification of individual differences in adaptive behavior toward the thermal environment.
Comparison of social and spatial preferences that help prevent isolation and loneliness
Authors: Uchihira Takayuki , Nakajima Kazunori , Yasueda Hidetoshi
Published: June 2023

This study concerns the domain of community development and probes methods of preventing isolation and loneliness. In so doing, this fundamental investigation attempts to answer the research question, “Which types of remedies, social or spatial, are more effective in alleviating isolation and loneliness, and in which aspects are they useful?” The study purposed to essentially evidence a means of evaluating the effectiveness of such social and spatial prescriptions by inferring the associations between isolation/loneliness and social and spatial preferences. The present investigation adopted a method that holistically considered both loneliness and isolation and conducted a complex analysis of these states. It employed a stochastic choice model with discrete dependent variables to elucidate the relationship between isolation and loneliness and social and spatial prescriptions.
Long‐term changes of territoriality in home
Authors: Fujitani Hidetaka , Kobayashi Hideki
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to examine changes of territoriality in home and its theory, which was proposed in the 1990s, and to clarify changes of territoriality by comparing current and previous survey results. Our key findings can be summarized as follows: (1) The increase in the living room–dining room–kitchen‐type homes is remarkable, and the number of houses with guest rooms is decreasing; (2) there were many Matriarchal‐ and Patriarchal‐type homes in the past, but the number of Egalitarian‐type homes is significantly increasing; and (3) regarding the Egalitarian type, further focus can be placed on the parent–child relationship and two types can be distinguished.
A study of Laing O'Rourke, UK construction company participation in building design
Authors: Sumino Koichiro
Published: June 2023

This study examined the role of the internal design department and its collaboration with construction manager and the client during the design process by the UK construction company Laing O'Rourke (LOR). The results are as follows: (1) In the early stages of design, personnel from architectural design in LOR works flexibly with the client to set the design conditions. The structural/facilities designers and construction teams are involved in the design process to clarify the cost and construction schedule; (2) The design team coordinates with the client, architect, and construction team on issues that arise during the design process; (3) The initial design work is carried out collaboratively free of charge; (4) The construction team signs Pre‐Construction Service Agreement (PCSA) with the client and carries out preconstruction contract; (5) The design specifications are gradually clarified and the construction contract is concluded in stages; (6) The client and construction company works together with shared objectives and shared necessary information.
Efficacy of two hemodialyses in patients with chronic renal failure complicated by massive intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhu Xiangyu , Han Qiu , Xia Lei , Shang Jin , Yan Xianliang
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare the efficacy of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) in patients with chronic renal failure complicated by massive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods

Sixty‐two patients were randomly and equally divided into IHD and CVVH groups. The clinical variables were compared, including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score as the primary indicator, cerebral edema volume, hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) incidence, acute heart failure (AHF) incidence, rehemorrhage incidence, hospital stay length, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score.

Results

The CVVH group had lower NIHSS scores and edema volumes than the IHD group on postoperative days 7 and 14. Moreover, in the CVVH group, (i) the NIHSS scores on postoperative days 3 and 7 were higher than those on postoperative day 1; (ii) there was no significant difference in NIHSS scores between days 14 and 1; and (iii) no significant difference in cerebral edema volume was found between postoperative days 1 and 3, 7, and 14. In the IHD group, the NIHSS scores and cerebral edema volume on postoperative days 7 and 14 were significantly higher than those on postoperative day 1. The CVVH group had a lower incidence of HAP, AHF, and adverse events and shorter hospital stay length than the IHD group. The proportions of patients with mRS scores of 1 and 2 in the CVVH group were higher than those in the IHD group on day 30 after discharge.

Interpretation

CVVH is more effective than IHD in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure complicated by massive intracerebral hemorrhage.
Newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A two‐year pilot study
Authors: Tavakoli Norma P. , Gruber Dorota , Armstrong Niki , Chung Wendy K. , Maloney Breanne , Park Sunju , Wynn Julia , Koval‐Burt Carrie , Verdade Lorraine , Tegay David H. , Cohen Lilian L. , Shapiro Natasha , Kennedy Annie , Noritz Garey , Ciafaloni Emma , Weinberger Barry , Ellington Marty , Schleien Charles , Spinazzola Regina , Sood Sunil , Brower Amy , Lloyd‐Puryear Michele , Caggana Michele ,   the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Pilot Study Group
Published: June 2023

Objective

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked disorder resulting in progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, cardiomyopathy, and in late stages, cardiorespiratory impairment, and death. As treatments for DMD have expanded, a DMD newborn screening (NBS) pilot study was conducted in New York State to evaluate the feasibility and benefit of NBS for DMD and to provide an early pre‐symptomatic diagnosis.

Methods

At participating hospitals, newborns were recruited to the pilot study, and consent was obtained to screen the newborn for DMD. The first‐tier screen measured creatine kinase‐MM (CK‐MM) in dried blood spot specimens submitted for routine NBS. Newborns with elevated CK‐MM were referred for genetic counseling and genetic testing. The latter included deletion/duplication analysis and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of the DMD gene followed by NGS for a panel of neuromuscular conditions if no pathogenic variants were detected in the DMD gene.

Results

In the two‐year pilot study, 36,781 newborns were screened with CK‐MM. Forty‐two newborns (25 male and 17 female) were screen positive and referred for genetic testing. Deletions or duplications in the DMD gene were detected in four male infants consistent with DMD or Becker muscular dystrophy. One female DMD carrier was identified.

Interpretation

This study demonstrated that the state NBS program infrastructure and screening technologies we used are feasible to perform NBS for DMD. With an increasing number of treatment options, the clinical utility of early identification for affected newborns and their families lends support for NBS for this severe disease.
Neurological diagnoses in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients during the B.1.1.529 surge
Authors: Kim Carla Y. , Sardar Zomer , Ayele Biniyam A. , Fleck‐Derderian Shannon , Barrett Catherine E. , Sun Yifei , Clague Madison , Hurst Holly A. , Boruah Abhilasha , Zucker Jason , Maddox Ryan , Sejvar James , Thakur Kiran T.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Emerging variants and sublineages of SARS‐CoV‐2 have differing disease severity, transmissibility, and immune evasion. The neurological conditions associated with the original strain of SARS‐CoV‐2 are well established. Our study assessed the neurological presentations specific to hospitalized patients during the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant surge in New York City.

Methods

A total of 178 cases with positive RT‐PCR result within 6 weeks before admission, and subsequent development of select neurological conditions during the SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) surge between December 1, 2021 and February 28, 2022, were included from 12,800 SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive hospital admissions. Clinical data from acute hospitalizations were compared to findings of inpatient neurological cases with COVID‐19 infections from the initial surge in NYC in the same hospital system.

Results

Compared to SARS‐CoV‐2 infections of the original strain, COVID‐19 cases hospitalized during the Omicron surge (B.1.1.529) were associated with incidental and/or asymptomatic COVID‐19 cases (96, 53.9%) and an increased incidence of pre‐existing neurological and immunocompromising conditions. Encephalopathy, seizures, and stroke remained the most prevalent neurological conditions identified in hospitalized COVID‐19 cases during the study period, reflecting a similar distribution of neurological presentations associated with the original strain.

Interpretation

In our cohort of 178 admitted SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients with select neurological conditions during the Omicron B.1.1.529 surge, 54% of COVID‐19 cases were considered incidental and/or asymptomatic, and the identified neurological conditions resembled those associated with the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain. Further studies characterizing neurological presentation in Omicron sublineages and other variants are warranted in an ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic.
COMPA symposium focuses on how NY can help get more methadone to patients
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Last week's meeting of Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) showcased New York's leadership in methadone treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Led by COMPA, the Coalition of Medication‐Assisted Treatment Providers and Advocates, the symposium on June 21 titled “Care Transformation in a Post‐Pandemic World” also focused on the challenges the state is facing.
AMA House of Delegates amends policy on on charting SUDS
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Last week physicians voted to keep some form of confidentiality in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment — or at least to involve privacy experts in making changes — while at the same time calling to make it easier for electronic medical records to include notating SUD issues. This and other votes came during the annual meeting of the American Medical Association's (AMA) House of Delegates.
ONDCP, White House call for more access to OD reversal drugs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Last week, the White House called for increasing access to, and affordability of, overdose reversal medications. “Overdose reversal medications save lives, and no one should lack access because of affordability or availability,” said Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) Director Dr. Rahul Gupta. “President Biden has set a clear directive: Increase access and affordability of these lifesaving medications. We are looking at every option to do so — and manufacturers have a critical role to play in this effort. At a time when we are losing more than 100,000 Americans a year to drug overdose and poisoning, we are asking all manufacturers who currently have FDA‐approved overdose reversal medications on the market to take urgent action and help end the nation's overdose crisis. The stakes could not be higher, and working together to solve this problem has never been more important.”
Treating addiction by proxy: A family coach works with mom
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Patrick Doyle specializes in “family addiction coaching,” and he has good news. He calls it a “miracle story” in which he coached his client, the mother of a 35‐year‐old woman with an addiction, to use CRAFT. The work saved the life of the woman, who was pregnant, and the future grandchild of his client.
Connecting the Dots: N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) Modification in Spermatogenesis
Authors: Zhang Mengya , Nie Junyu , Chen Yufei , Li Xiaofeng , Chen Hao
Published: June 2023

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common RNA modification found in eukaryotes and is involved in multiple biological processes, including neuronal development, tumorigenesis, and gametogenesis. It is well known that methylation‐modifying enzymes (classified into writers, erasers, and readers) mediate catalysis, clearance, and recognition of m6A. Recent studies suggest that these genes may be associated with spermatogenesis. Numerous studies have revealed the m6A role during spermatogenesis. However, the expression patterns and relationships of these m6A enzymes during various stages of spermatogenesis remain unknown. In this review, it is aimed to provide an overview of m6A enzyme functions and elucidate their potential mechanisms and regulatory relationships at a specific phase during spermatogenesis, providing new insights into the m6A modification underlying the spermatogenesis process.
3D Investigation of Damage During Strain‐Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue of Cast Al–Si Alloys
Authors: Bugelnig Katrin , Germann Holger , Steffens Thomas , Koos Robert , Boller Elodie , Wilde Fabian , Requena Guillermo
Published: June 2023

The strain‐controlled thermomechanical fatigue behavior is investigated for three cast near‐eutectic Al–Si alloys with different Ni, Cu, and Mg contents. Synchrotron tomography and neutron diffraction experiments are used to correlate 3D microstructural features with damage initiation and evolution. The results show that the alloy with lower Cu, Ni, and Mg concentrations has up to 45% higher thermomechanical fatigue resistance for cooling/heating rates of 5 and 15 K s−1. In addition, this alloy also exhibits damage formation at later stages during thermomechanical fatigue and slower damage accumulation compared to other alloys. This difference in behavior is a consequence of its higher ductility, which is a result of the lower volume fraction and global interconnectivity of the 3D hybrid networks formed by Si and intermetallics and the absence of large primary Si clusters which act as preferred crack initiation sites during the early stages of thermomechanical fatigue.
Mechanical Response and Energy Absorption of 316L Stainless Steel Body‐Centered‐Cubic Functionally Graded Lattice Structures under Quasistatic Compressive Test
Authors: Shi Wentian , Lin Yuxiang , Li Jie , Liu Shuai , Han Yifan , Liu Bo
Published: June 2023

Five different density gradient variation strategies are proposed for body‐centered‐cubic (BCC) lattice structures in parallel to the loading direction prepared by selective laser melting with 316 L stainless steel as the building material, and the mechanical properties, deformation behavior, and energy absorption capacity of lattice structures with different density gradient variations and uniform lattice structure under compressive loading are investigated and compared. The results show that the elastic modulus and compressive strength of the uniform lattice structure are better than those of the lattice structure with density gradient parallel to the loading direction, provided that the relative densities are similar. However, through a reasonable design of density gradient, the lattice structure with density gradient parallel to the loading direction can obtain higher plateau stress than the uniform lattice structure and increase the onset densification strain to a certain extent, which obviously improves the energy absorption capacity of the lattice structure. The results obtained by finite‐element calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results and can better restore the deformation behavior of the lattice structure under compressive loading. This work provides inspiration for the design of the density gradient of the lattice structure.
Rapid Magnetically Directed Assembly of Pre‐Patterned Capillary‐Scale Microvessels
Authors: Jewett Maggie E. , Hiraki Harrison L. , Wojasiński Michał , Zhang Zenghao , Xi Susan S. , Bluem Amanda S. , Prabhu Eashan S. , Wang William Y. , Pena‐Francesch Abdon , Baker Brendon M.
Published: June 2023

Capillary scale vascularization is critical to the survival of engineered 3D tissues and remains an outstanding challenge for the field of tissue engineering. Current methods to generate micro‐scale vasculatures such as 3D printing, two photon hydrogel ablation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic assembly face challenges in rapidly creating organized, highly vascularized tissues at capillary length‐scales. Within metabolically demanding tissues, native capillary beds are highly organized and densely packed to achieve adequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen and efficient waste removal. Here, two existing techniques are adopted to fabricate lattices composed of sacrificial microfibers that can be efficiently and uniformly seeded with endothelial cells (ECs) by magnetizing both lattices and ECs. Ferromagnetic microparticles are incorporated into microfibers produced by solution electrowriting and fiber electropulling. By loading ECs with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the cells could be seeded onto magnetized microfiber lattices. Following encapsulation in a hydrogel, the capillary templating lattice is selectively degraded by a bacterial lipase that does not impact mammalian cell viability or function. This study introduces a novel approach to rapidly producing organized capillary networks within metabolically demanding engineered tissue constructs which should have broad utility in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
A Review on 3D Architected Pyrolytic Carbon Produced by Additive Micro/Nanomanufacturing
Authors: Eggeler Yolita M. , Chan Ka Chun , Sun Qing , Lantada Andrés Díaz , Mager Dario , Schwaiger Ruth , Gumbsch Peter , Schröder Rasmus , Wenzel Wolfgang , Korvink Jan G. , Islam Monsur
Published: June 2023

Additive micro/nano‐manufacturing of polymeric precursors combining with a subsequent pyrolysis step enables the design‐controlled fabrication of micro/nano‐architected 3D pyrolytic carbon structures with complex architectural details. Pyrolysis results in a significant geometrical shrinkage of the pyrolytic carbon structure, leading to a structural dimension significantly smaller than the resolution limit of the involved additive manufacturing technology. Combining with the material properties of carbon and 3D architectures, architected 3D pyrolytic carbon exhibits exceptional properties, which are significantly superior to that of bulk carbon materials. This article presents a comprehensive review of the manufacturing processes of micro/nano‐architected pyrolytic carbon materials, their properties, and corresponding demonstrated applications. Acknowledging the “young” age of the field of micro/nano‐architected carbon, this article also addresses the current challenges and paints the future research directions of this field.
On the Practical Applicability of Rambutan‐like SiOC Anode with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Kezhuo , Yuan Gaoqian , Liu Xuefeng , Guo Yan , Huang Ren , Li Hang , Zhang Haijun , Jia Quanli , Xie Zhengwei , Zhang Shaowei , Lei Wen
Published: June 2023

Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) possesses great potential in lithium‐ion batteries owing to its tunable chemical component, high reversible capacity, and small volume expansion. However, its commercial application is restricted due to its poor electrical conductivity. Herein, rambutan‐like vertical graphene coated hollow porous SiOC (Hp‐SiOC@VG) spherical particles with an average diameter of 302 nm are fabricated via a hydrothermal treatment combined CH4 pyrolysis strategy for the first time. As‐prepared Hp‐SiOC@VG exhibits a large reversible capacity of 729 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, remarkable cycling stability of 98% capacity retention rate after 600 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and high rate capability of 289 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 owing to the unique structure of the particles and the electrical conductivity of the vertical graphene. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the higher contents of SiO3C and SiO2C2 structural units in the SiOC are beneficial to enhance the Li+ storage capacity. Additionally, the full‐cell assembled with Hp‐SiOC@VG and LiFePO4 delivers up to 74% capacity retention rate after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. This work reports a new way for the facile preparation of template‐free hollow porous materials and expands the application prospects of SiOC‐based anode for lithium‐ion batteries.
Impact of 2D Ligands on Lattice Strain and Energy Losses in Narrow‐Bandgap Lead–Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Kaicheng , Vincze Andrej , Metwalli Ezzeldin , Zhang Jiyun , Liu Chao , Meng Wei , Zhang Boxue , Tian Jingjing , Heumueller Thomas , Xie Zhiqiang , Luo Junsheng , Osvet Andres , Unruh Tobias , Lüer Larry , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: June 2023

Mixed lead and tin (Pb/Sn) hybrid perovskites exhibit a great potential in fabricating all‐perovskite tandem devices due to their easily tunable bandgaps. However, the energy deficit and instability in Pb/Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs) constrain their practical applications, which renders defect passivation engineering indispensable to develop highly efficient and long‐term stable PSCs. Herein, the mechanisms of strain tailoring and defect passivation in Pb/Sn PSCs by 2D ligands are investigated. The 2D ligands include electroneutral cations with long alkyl chain (LAC), iodates with relatively short alkyl chain (SAC) and their mixtures. This study reveals that LAC ligands facilitate the relaxation of tensile strain in perovskite films while SAC ligands cause strain buildup. By mixing LAC/SAC ligands, tensile strain in perovskite films can be balanced which improves solar cell performance. PSCs with admixed β‐guanidinopropionic acid (GUA)/phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) exhibit enhanced open circuit voltage and fill factor, which is attributed to reduced nonradiative recombination losses in the bulk and at the interfaces. Furthermore, the operational stability of PSCs is slightly improved by the mixed 2D ligands. This work reveals the mechanisms of 2D ligands in strain tailoring and defect passivation toward efficient and stable narrow‐bandgap PSCs.
Metal Ions versus Protons: Tracking of Charge‐Carrier Insertion into a Cathode Oxide in Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Lee Changmin , Hong Youngjae , Kim Dongho , Lim Younghwan , Choi Jang Wook , Chung Sung‐Yoon
Published: June 2023

Protons in aqueous electrolytes can perform as an additional type of charge carrier for insertion/extraction in addition to the primary carrier cations in aqueous rechargeable batteries. Despite many diverse claims regarding the effect of protons, mutually conflicting experimental results and their interpretations without direct evidence have been reported over the last decade. Systematic examinations and analyses are thus imperative to clarify the conditions of proton insertion in aqueous rechargeable batteries. Utilizing V2O5 as a model cathode and beaker‐type cells with a sufficient amount of ZnSO4 aqueous electrolytes in this work, it is demonstrated that protons are inserted into the cathode prior to Zn‐ions in low‐pH conditions (pH ≤ 3.0). In stark contrast, the influence of protons on the discharge voltage and capacity is insignificant, when either the pH becomes higher (pH ≥ 4.0) or the electrolyte volume is considerably low in coin‐type cells. Similar behavior of pH‐dependent proton insertion is also verified in Na–, Mg–, and Al‐ion electrolytes. Providing a resolution to the controversy regarding proton insertion, the present study emphasizes that the influence of protons substantially varies depending on the pH and relative volume of electrolytes in aqueous batteries.
Synergistic Effect of Photothermal Conversion in MXene/Au@Cu2−xS Hybrids for Efficient Solar Water Evaporation
Authors: Kang Hao‐Sen , Zou Jing‐Wen , Liu Yang , Ma Liang , Feng Jing‐Ru , Yu Zi‐Yang , Chen Xiang‐Bai , Ding Si‐Jing , Zhou Li , Wang Qu‐Quan
Published: June 2023

A three‐plasmon hybrid, in which core–shell Au@Cu2−xS hybrids are bonded with ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene, is prepared for high‐efficiency photothermal conversion and membrane‐based solar water evaporation for the first time. The MXene/Au nanorod@Cu2−xS hybrids display excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under irradiation of an 808 laser, causing by the three‐plasmon‐induced synergistic plasmonic absorption and heating effects as well as the multichannel charge transfer between the components. Then, Au nanosphere@Cu2−xS and Au nanorod@Cu2−xS hybrids are mixed and combined with MXene to serve as the membrane material, which shows excellent light absorption ranging from ultraviolet to near‐infrared region. By transferring the membrane materials on a hydrophilic cotton piece, the as‐prepared photothermal membrane displays a high evaporation rate of 2.023 kg m−2 h−1 and light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency of 96.1% under 1‐sun irradiation due to the synergistic photothermal conversion and over 96% of solar light absorption efficiency. Furthermore, a home‐made solar evaporation device enabling automatic inflow of untreated water and outflow of evaporated water is designed based on the principles of liquid pressure and connectors. The seawater desalination and sewage treatment experiments performed on the device and membrane indicate the great potential in solar‐light‐driven water purification and drinkable water generation.
Multifunctional, Ultra‐Tough Organohydrogel E‐Skin Reinforced by Hierarchical Goatskin Fibers Skeleton for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Monitoring
Authors: Fan Xin , Ke Tao , Gu Haibin
Published: June 2023

E‐skins based on conductive hydrogels are regarded as ideal candidates for sensing application. However, limited by the constructed materials and strategies, the current conductive hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, single function, and unsatisfactory conductivity, which seriously hinder their development and application. Herein, the natural goatskin with hierarchical 3D network structure weaved by collagen fibers is used as the substrate material for the construction of ultra‐tough hydrogel through a “top‐down” strategy, in which acrylic acid monomer is first vacuum‐impregnated into the interstices of goatskin fibers skeleton and is then polymerized in situ to produce the skin‐based hydrogel with unique 3D wrapping structure. Based on the skin‐based hydrogel, a substrate with load‐carrying capacity, after loaded with a new multifunctional nanoscale‐conductive medium nanosilver particles (AgNPs) and 1,3‐propanediol, a goatskin‐derived multifunctional organohydrogel S@HCP is constructed with excellent mechanical properties, self‐adhesion, transparency, ultraviolet shielding, antibacterial, biocompatibility, environmental stability, and conductivity. Notably, the stretchable S‐TENG assembled using S@HCP can be perfectly suited for real‐life applications including biomechanical energy harvesting, self‐powered tactile‐sensing, and motion monitoring. It is believed that, by combining natural animal skin with different functional materials, it is possible to reuse animal skin, “dead skin,” which provides a new platform for developing multifunctional flexible e‐skin.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid Liposomes Encapsulated Microcapsules from Microfluidic Electrospray for Inflammatory Wound Healing
Authors: Zhi Yue , Che Junyi , Zhu Haofang , Liu Rui , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: June 2023

In diabetic wound healing, M1 macrophage accumulation and elevated inflammation are prevalent issues. Intelligent delivery systems that can sustainably release antioxidizing and anti‐inflammatory ingredients are expected for effective wound healing. Herein, a novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes encapsulated microcapsules delivery system that has desired features for inflammatory wound repair is presented. As the bacteria could break down the alginate shells, the GA liposomes could be controllably released from the microcapsules, which promotes M2 macrophage polarization and regulate their responses in the inflammatory wound microenvironment. Based on these, it is demonstrated that the GA liposomes encapsulated microcapsules delivery system exhibits an anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect for diabetic wound healing in a full‐thickness defect model in diabetic rats. These results indicate that the immunomodulatory capabilities of the microcapsules can be unitized for efficient wound repair, and such a delivery system is valuable for clinical wound healing applications.
Synergistic Passivation and Down‐Conversion by Imidazole‐Modified Graphene Quantum Dots for High Performance and UV‐Resistant Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Qianqian , Sheng Wangping , Yang Jia , Zhong Yang , Xiao Shuqin , He Jiacheng , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: June 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved stunning progress during the past decade, which has inspired great potential for future commercialization. However, tin dioxide (SnO2) as a commonly used electron transport layer with varied defects and energy level mismatch with perovskite contributes to the energy loss and limitation of charge extraction. Herein, imidazole‐modified graphene quantum dots (IGQDs) are introduced as the interlayer, which plays a significant role in three aspects: 1) dually passivating the defects of SnO2 and buried interface of perovskite by first‐principles calculations; 2) accelerating the carrier extraction and transfer owing to ideal band alignment; and 3) improving light utilization through down‐conversion proved by light intensity measurement. Consequently, the devices based on IGQDs/SnO2 not only exhibit the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.11%, but display a significantly enhanced ultraviolet (UV) stability retaining about 81% of their initial PCEs after continuous UV irradiation (365 nm, 20 mW cm−2) for 300 h. Moreover, the unencapsulated modified device remains 82% after storing for 1650 h in air (20–30 °C, RH 45–55%). This work furnishes a novel method for the combination of interfacial passivation and photon management, which holds out for the prospect of employment in other optoelectronic applications.
Lithium Tritelluride as an Electrolyte Additive for Stabilizing Lithium Deposition and Enhancing Sulfur Utilization in Anode‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lai Tianxing , Bhargav Amruth , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2023

Despite the potential to become the next‐generation energy storage technology, practical lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are still plagued by the poor cyclability of the lithium‐metal anode and sluggish conversion kinetics of S species. In this study, lithium tritelluride (LiTe3), synthesized with a simple one‐step process, is introduced as a novel electrolyte additive for Li–S batteries. LiTe3 quickly reacts with lithium polysulfides and functions as a redox mediator to greatly improve the cathode kinetics and the utilization of active materials in the cathode. Moreover, the formation of a Li2TeS3/Li2Te‐enriched interphase layer on the anode surface enhances ionic transport and stabilizes Li deposition. By regulating the chemistry on both the anode and cathode sides, this additive enables a stable operation of anode‐free Li–S batteries with only 0.1 m concentration in conventional ether‐based electrolytes. The cell with the LiTe3 additive retains 71% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles, while the control cell retains only 23%. More importantly, with high utilization of Te, the additive enables significantly better cyclability of anode‐free pouch full‐cells under lean electrolyte conditions.
3D Bioprinting in Microgravity: Opportunities, Challenges, and Possible Applications in Space
Authors: Van Ombergen Angelique , Chalupa‐Gantner Franziska , Chansoria Parth , Colosimo Bianca Maria , Costantini Marco , Domingos Marco , Dufour Alexandre , De Maria Carmelo , Groll Jürgen , Jungst Tomasz , Levato Riccardo , Malda Jos , Margarita Alessandro , Marquette Christophe , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Petiot Emma , Read Sophia , Surdo Leonardo , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Vozzi Giovanni , Windisch Johannes , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy , Gelinsky Michael
Published: June 2023

3D bioprinting has developed tremendously in the last couple of years and enables the fabrication of simple, as well as complex, tissue models. The international space agencies have recognized the unique opportunities of these technologies for manufacturing cell and tissue models for basic research in space, in particular for investigating the effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on different types of human tissues. In addition, bioprinting is capable of producing clinically applicable tissue grafts, and its implementation in space therefore can support the autonomous medical treatment options for astronauts in future long term and far‐distant space missions. The article discusses opportunities but also challenges of operating different types of bioprinters under space conditions, mainly in microgravity. While some process steps, most of which involving the handling of liquids, are challenging under microgravity, this environment can help overcome problems such as cell sedimentation in low viscous bioinks. Hopefully, this publication will motivate more researchers to engage in the topic, with publicly available bioprinting opportunities becoming available at the International Space Station (ISS) in the imminent future.
3D Optical Coherence Thermometry Using Polymeric Nanogels
Authors: Muñoz‐Ortiz Tamara , Alayeto Idoia , Lifante José , Ortgies Dirk H. , Marin Riccardo , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Iglesias de la Cruz María del Carmen , Lifante‐Pedrola Ginés , Rubio‐Retama Jorge , Jaque Daniel
Published: June 2023

In nanothermometry, the use of nanoparticles as thermal probes enables remote and minimally invasive sensing. In the biomedical context, nanothermometry has emerged as a powerful tool where traditional approaches, like infrared thermal sensing and contact thermometers, fall short. Despite the strides of this technology in preclinical settings, nanothermometry is not mature enough to be translated to the bedside. This is due to two major hurdles: the inability to perform 3D thermal imaging and the requirement for tools that are readily available in the clinics. This work simultaneously overcomes both limitations by proposing the technology of optical coherence thermometry (OCTh). This is achieved by combining thermoresponsive polymeric nanogels and optical coherence tomography (OCT)—a 3D imaging technology routinely used in clinical practice. The volume phase transition of the thermoresponsive nanogels causes marked changes in their refractive index, making them temperature‐sensitive OCT contrast agents. The ability of OCTh to provide 3D thermal images is demonstrated in tissue phantoms subjected to photothermal processes, and its reliability is corroborated by comparing experimental results with numerical simulations. The results included in this work set credible foundations for the implementation of nanothermometry in the form of OCTh in clinical practice.
Multifunctional Filler‐Free PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity Induced by Lewis‐Acid‐Promoted Ion Exchange
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhuang Tiantian , Wang Jing , Sun Xu , Wang Yizhuo , Li Kuncai , Dai Xu , Guo Qinyue , Li Xuhui , Chong Daotong , Chen Bin , Yan Junjie
Published: June 2023

Highly conductive hydrogels with biotissue‐like mechanical properties are of great interest in the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics due to their good biocompatibility, deformability, and stability. Fully polymeric hydrogels may exhibit comparable Young's modulus to biotissues. However, most of these filler‐free hydrogels have a low electrical conductivity of <10 S cm−1, which limits their wide applications of them in digital circuits or bioelectronic devices. In this work, a series of metal‐halides‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels with an ultrahigh electrical conductivity up to 547 S cm−1 is reported, which is 1.5 times to 104 times higher than previously reported filler‐free polymeric hydrogels. Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the ion exchange between PEDOT:PSS and the metal halides played an important role to promote phase separation in the hydrogels, which thus leads to ultrahigh electrical conductivity. The high electrical conductivity resulted in multifunctional hydrogels with high performance in thermoelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, Joule heating, and sensing. Such flexible and stretchable hydrogels with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and stability upon various deformations are promising for soft bioelectronics devices and wearable electronics.
Conversion of Dielectric Surface Effect into Volume Effect for High Output Energy
Authors: Fu Shaoke , Wu Huiyuan , He Wencong , Li Qianying , Shan Chuncai , Wang Jian , Du Yan , Du Shihe , Huang Zhengyong , Hu Chenguo
Published: June 2023

Improving the output energy and durability of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) remains a considerable challenge for their practical applications. Owing to the interface effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, thinner films with higher dielectric constants yield a higher output; however, they are not durable for practical applications. Herein, the dielectric surface effect is changed into a volume effect by adopting a millimeter‐thick dielectric film with an inner porous network structure so that charges can hop in the surface state of the network. Charge migration inside the dielectric film is the key factor affecting the output of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a thick film, based on which each working stage follows the energy‐maximization principle in the voltage–charge plot. The maximum peak and average power densities of the TENG with polyurethane foam film in 1 mm thickness reach 40.9 and 20.7 W m−2 Hz−1, respectively, under environmental conditions, and the output charge density is 5.14 times that of TENGs with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) film of the same thickness. Superdurability is achieved in the rotary‐mode TENG after 200 000 operation cycles. This study identifies the physical mechanism of the thick dielectric film used in TENGs and provides a new approach to promote the output and durability of TENGs.
Hot‐Exciton Mechanism and AIE Effect Boost the Performance of Deep‐Red Emitters in Non‐Doped OLEDs
Authors: Du Songyu , Luo Ming , Li Deli , Lyu Lingling , Li Wei , Zhao Mengyu , Wang Zhichuan , Zhang Jiasen , Liu Denghui , Li Yong , Su Shi‐Jian , Ge Ziyi
Published: June 2023

Luminescent materials possessing a “hot‐exciton” mechanism and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) qualities are well‐suited for use as emitting materials in nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly in deep‐red regions where their ground state and singlet excited state surfaces are in proximity, leading to the formation of multiple nonradiative channels. However, designing molecules that artificially combine the hot‐exciton mechanism and AIE attributes remains a formidable task. In this study, a versatile strategy is presented to achieve hot‐exciton fluorescence with AIE property by increasing the first singlet excited (S1) state through modulation of the conjugation length of the newly created acceptor unit, matching the energy level of high‐lying triplet (Tn) states, and enhancing exciton utilization efficiency by employing suitable donor moieties. This approach reduces the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) in the aggregate state, resulting in the proof‐of‐concept emitter DT‐IPD, which produces an unprecedented external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.2% and Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.69, 0.30) in a deep‐red non‐doped OLED at 685 nm, representing the highest performance among all deep‐red OLEDs based on materials with hot‐exciton mechanisms. This work provides novel insights into the design of more efficient hot‐exciton emitters with AIE properties.
Sequential Molecule‐Doped Hole Conductor to Achieve >23% Perovskite Solar Cells with 3000‐Hour Operational Stability
Authors: Du Guozheng , Yang Li , Dong Peiyao , Qi Lianlian , Che Yuliang , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Jinbao
Published: June 2023

Although hole transport layers (HTLs) based on solution‐processed doped Spiro‐OMeTAD are extremely popular and effective for their remarkable performance in n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their scalable application is still being held back by poor chemical stability and unsatisfied scalability. Essentially, the volatile components and hygroscopic nature of ionic salts often cause morphological deformation that deteriorate both device efficiency and stability. Herein, a simple and effective molecular implantation‐assisted sequential doping (MISD) approach is strategically introduced to modulate spatial doping uniformity of organic films and fabricate all evaporated Spiro‐OMeTAD layer in which phase‐segregation free HTL is achieved accompanied with high molecular density, uniform doping composition, and superior optoelectronic characteristics. The resultant MISD‐based devices attain a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, which represents the highest reported value among all the PSCs with evaporated HTLs. Simultaneously, the unencapsulated devices realize considerably enhanced stability by maintaining over 90% of their initial PCEs in the air for 5200 h and after working at maximum power point under illumination for 3000 h. This method provides a facile way to fabricate robust and reliable HTLs toward developing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Correlating the Valence State with the Adsorption Behavior of a Cu‐Based Electrocatalyst for Furfural Oxidation with Anodic Hydrogen Production Reaction
Authors: Yang Ming , Li Yingying , Dong Chung‐Li , Li Shengkai , Xu Leitao , Chen Wei , Wu Jingcheng , Lu Yuxuan , Pan Yuping , Wu Yandong , Luo Yongxiang , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin
Published: June 2023

The low‐potential furfural oxidation reaction (FFOR) on a Cu‐based electrocatalyst can produce H2 at the anode, thereby providing a bipolar H2 production system with an ultralow cell voltage. However, the intrinsic activity and stability of the Cu‐based electrocatalyst for the FFOR remain unsatisfactory for practical applications. This study investigates the correlation between the valence state and the adsorption behavior of the Cu‐based electrocatalyst in furfural oxidation. Cu0 is the adsorption site with low intrinsic activity. Cu+, which exists in the form of Cu(OH)ads in alkaline electrolytes, has no adsorption ability but can improve the performance of Cu0 by promoting the adsorption of FF. Moreover, a mixed‐valence Cu‐based electrocatalyst (MV Cu) with high intrinsic activity and stability is prepared electrochemically. With the MV Cu catalyst, the assembled dual‐side H2 production electrolyzer has a low electricity requirement of only 0.24 kWh mH2−3 at an ultralow cell voltage of 0.3 V, and it exhibits sufficient stability. This study not only correlates the valence state with the adsorption behavior of the Cu‐based electrocatalyst for the low‐potential FFOR with anodic H2 production but also reveals the mechanism of deactivation to provide design principles for Cu‐based electrocatalysts with satisfactory stability.
Defect Profiling of Oxide‐Semiconductor Interfaces Using Low‐Energy Muons
Authors: Mendes Martins Maria , Kumar Piyush , Woerle Judith , Ni Xiaojie , Grossner Ulrike , Prokscha Thomas
Published: June 2023

Muon spin rotation with low‐energy muons (LE‐µSR) is a powerful nuclear method where electrical and magnetic properties of surface‐near regions and thin films can be studied on a length scale of ≈200 nm. This study shows the potential of utilizing low‐energy muons for a depth‐resolved characterization of oxide‐semiconductor interfaces, i.e., for silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (4H‐SiC). The performance of semiconductor devices relies heavily on the quality of the oxide‐semiconductor interface; thus, investigation of defects present in this region is crucial to improve the technology. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and grown by thermal oxidation of the SiO2‐semiconductor interface are compared with respect to interface and defect formation. The nanometer depth resolution of LE‐µSR allows for a clear distinction between the oxide and semiconductor layers, while also quantifying the extension of structural changes caused by the oxidation of both Si and SiC. The results demonstrate that LE‐µSR can reveal unprecedented details on the structural and electronic properties of the thermally oxidized SiO2‐semiconductor interface.