bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Class and Cross-Ideological Convergences over Time: Insights from the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutionary Uprisings
Authors: Del Panta Gianni
Published: January 2019

The 2010–11 Arab uprisings continue to prompt a great deal of discussion. By focusing specifically on Tunisia and Egypt, this article aims to present a more dynamic account of revolutionary moments in these countries. It does so in two ways. First, the changing nature of structures and mechanisms of authoritarian domination over time is explored. Second, the convergences of different social classes and political forces during the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt are not treated as unique and static occurrences. By showing how the two revolutionary networks gradually emerged and enlarged, a truer picture is thus provided. By doing so, this article aims to contribute to a more nuanced interpretation of the two revolutionary outbursts and to the development of the fourth generation of revolutionary studies.
Asymptotics for some polynomial patterns in the primes
Authors: Bienvenu Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2019

We prove asymptotic formulae for sums of the form
$$\sum\limits_{n\in {\open z}^d\cap K} {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^t {F_i} } (\psi _i(n)),$$where K is a convex body, each Fi is either the von Mangoldt function or the representation function of a quadratic form, and Ψ = (ψ1, …, ψt) is a system of linear forms of finite complexity. When all the functions Fi are equal to the von Mangoldt function, we recover a result of Green and Tao, while when they are all representation functions of quadratic forms, we recover a result of Matthiesen. Our formulae imply asymptotics for some polynomial patterns in the primes. For instance, they describe the asymptotic behaviour of the number of k-term arithmetic progressions of primes whose common difference is a sum of two squares.

The paper combines ingredients from the work of Green and Tao on linear equations in primes and that of Matthiesen on linear correlations amongst integers represented by a quadratic form. To make the von Mangoldt function compatible with the representation function of a quadratic form, we provide a new pseudorandom majorant for both – an average of the known majorants for each of the functions – and prove that it has the required pseudorandomness properties.
Infinite multiplicity of stable entire solutions for a semilinear elliptic equation with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Bae Soohyun
Published: January 2019

We consider the infinite multiplicity of entire solutions for the elliptic equation Δu + K(x)eu + μf(x) = 0 in ℝn, n ⩾ 3. Under suitable conditions on K and f, the equation with small μ ⩾ 0 possesses a continuum of entire solutions with a specific asymptotic behaviour. Typically, K behaves like |x|ℓ at ∞ for some ℓ > −2 and the entire solutions behave asymptotically like − (2 + ℓ)log |x| near ∞. Main tools of the analysis are comparison principle for separation structure, asymptotic expansion of solutions near ∞, barrier method and strong maximum principle. The linearized operator for the equation has two characteristic behaviours related with the stability and the weak asymptotic stability of the solutions as steady states for the corresponding parabolic equation.
Understanding ranger motivation and job satisfaction to improve wildlife protection in Kahuzi–Biega National Park, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Spira Charlotte , Kirkby Andrew E. , Plumptre Andrew J.
Published: January 2019

Rangers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are working to conserve some of the largest remaining blocks of tropical rainforest, along with iconic species that are being targeted by poachers for subsistence or commercial purposes. During 2015–2016 we surveyed 72% of Kahuzi–Biega National Park rangers to assess their level of job satisfaction, why they chose to become rangers, what they liked and disliked about their job, and what affected their motivation to conduct their work. We used a cumulative link model to assess how various factors affected their self-reported level of job satisfaction. The rangers surveyed had been working in the Park for 16 years on average and most chose this occupation to earn a salary, to conserve wildlife or to serve their country. Overall, ranger job satisfaction was low; however, our findings highlight numerous ways in which this could be improved. These include higher salaries, more promotion opportunities, better recognition from the Congolese wildlife authority and other state services, positive performance incentives, better security, improved living conditions in remote patrol posts, and more support from the judicial system. Ranger patrol assignment (i.e. type of patrol and Park sector to patrol), receiving free housing at the Park headquarters, age, and length of service were statistically significant predictors of job satisfaction. It is likely that increasing ranger job satisfaction would result in a higher commitment to protecting wildlife, improved performance, and positive outcomes for wildlife conservation.
State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Authors: Anderson Nicole D.
Published: January 2019

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia, and affects 10–15% of the population over the age of 65. The failure of drug trials in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment has shifted researchers’ focus toward delaying progression from MCI to dementia, which would reduce the prevalence and costs of dementia profoundly. Diagnostic criteria for MCI increasingly emphasize the need for positive biomarkers to detect preclinical AD. The phenomenology of MCI comprises lower quality-of-life, greater symptoms of depression, and avoidant coping strategies including withdrawal from social engagement. Neurobiological features of MCI are hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in temporoparietal cortices, medial temporal lobe atrophy particularly in rhinal cortices, elevated tau and phosphorylated tau and decreased Aβ42in cerebrospinal fluid, and brain Aβ42deposition. Elevated tau can be identified in MCI, particularly in the entorhinal cortex, using positron emission tomography, and analysis of signal complexity using electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography holds promise as a biomarker. Assessment of MCI also relies on cognitive screening and neuropsychological assessment, but there is an urgent need for standardized cognitive tests to capitalize on recent discoveries in cognitive neuroscience that may lead to more sensitive measures of MCI. Cholinesterase inhibitors are frequently prescribed for MCI, despite the lack of evidence for their efficacy. Exercise and diet interventions hold promise for increasing reserve in MCI, and group psychoeducational programs teaching practical memory strategies appear effective. More work is needed to better understand the phenomenology and neurobiology of MCI, and how best to assess it and delay progression to dementia.
Deconstructing the Rio Scale: problems of subjectivity and generalization
Authors: Traphagan John W.
Published: January 2019

This paper examines and deconstructs the Rio Scale, focusing primarily on the recently published Rio Scale 2.0 concept, from the perspective of a social scientist. I argue that although there is value in developing tools to help astronomers and other scientists communicate their perceptions about the significance of a contact event to the media and the general public, the Rio Scale 2.0 remains problematic conceptually and, thus, does not represent a robust method for assessing or communicating the import of a valid contact. Therefore, it should not be used as a method for informing the media or the general public about scenarios that involve the detection of valid signals suggesting the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence.
THE ROMANTIC SOCIALIST ORIGINS OF HUMANITARIANISM
Authors: ANDREWS NAOMI J.
Published: January 2019

“Humanitarian” (humanitaire) came into use in French contemporaneously with the emergence of romantic socialism, and in the context of the rebuilding of post-revolutionary French society and its overseas empire beginning in the 1830s. This article excavates this early idea of humanitarianism, documenting an alternative genealogy for the term and its significance that has been overlooked by scholars of both socialism and humanitarianism. This humanitarianism identified a collective humanity as the source of its own salvation, rather than an external, well-meaning benefactor. Unlike liberal models of advocacy, which invoked individualized actors and recipients of their care, socialists privileged solidarity within their community and rejected the foundational logic of liberal individualism. In tracing this history, this article considers its importance for contemporary debates about humanitarianism’s imperial power dynamics.
Development of a Global River Water Temperature Model Considering Fluvial Dynamics and Seasonal Freeze‐Thaw Cycle
Authors: Tokuda Daisuke , Kim Hyungjun , Yamazaki Dai , Oki Taikan
Published: January 2019

In this study, we developed a global river water temperature model that explicitly represents water and heat budgets. The model considers fluvial dynamics such as floodplain inundation and as well simulates seasonal freeze‐thaw cycles for temperate and arctic rivers, and it was found that proposed physically based parameterizations appropriately reproduced in situ observed seasonal variations in 12 global rivers. Theoretically, floodplain inundation has two major effects on water temperature variability: (1) “broadening” of water surfaces, which increases heat exchange with the atmosphere and friction with river bed, and (2) “shallowing” mean water depth, which increases the absorption rate of shortwave radiation per unit volume. In contrast to the broadening which affects both warming and cooling processes, the shallowing causes warming only and has dominant impacts mainly during the ice melting season in Arctic regions and the rainy season in the tropics. Furthermore, it was revealed that lateral mixing between channel and floodplain has a significant impact on determination of river water temperature. Although water temperature plays an important role in water quality and riverine material circulation linking terrestrial and coastal environments, it has not been considered in most Earth system models. The improvements in global‐scale river water temperature modeling demonstrated in this study will benefit for future Earth systems research.
On Reasons of the Scatter of Literature Data for Bed‐Load Particle Hops
Authors: Hosseini‐Sadabadi Seyed Abbas , Radice Alessio , Ballio Francesco
Published: January 2019

This Report examines two key issues emerging when one deals with high‐resolution data for particle tracks in bed‐load transport. The first relates to how a particle motion/rest state is defined; using different definitions of motion changes the mean values computed for particle hop length and duration, that are key properties for phenomenological analysis of bed‐load transport and quantitative estimation of the associated rates. The second issue refers to the experimental bias due to considering a finite observation area within the channel bed. A conceptual presentation of the problem is here complemented by an analysis of experimental data, from both the literature and new experiments with weak bed‐load transport. Four definitions of motion were employed, together with two different ways (correcting or not the bias due to the observation area) of computing mean values from measured hop data. The results demonstrate that using different definitions and operational methods highly changes the mean values of hop‐related quantities. This may explain the scatter among literature data and challenges future Lagrangian investigation of bed‐load transport.
Particle Filter Data Assimilation of Monthly Snow Depth Observations Improves Estimation of Snow Density and SWE
Authors: Smyth Eric J. , Raleigh Mark S. , Small Eric E.
Published: January 2019

Snow depth observations and modeled snow density can be combined to calculate snow water equivalent (SWE). In this approach, SWE uncertainty is dominated by snow density uncertainty, which depends on meteorological data quality and process representation (e.g., compaction) in models. We test whether assimilating snow depth observations with the particle filter can improve modeled snow density, thus improving SWE estimated from intermittent depth observations. We model snowpack at Mammoth Mountain (California) over water years 2013–2016, assuming monthly snow depth data (e.g., sampling intervals relevant to lidar or manual surveys) for assimilation, and validate against observed SWE and density. The particle filter reduced density and SWE root‐mean‐square error by 27% and 28% relative to open loop simulations when using high‐quality, point location forcing. Assimilation gains were greater (35% and 51% reduction in density and SWE root‐mean‐square error) when using coarse‐resolution North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 meteorology. Ensembles created with both meteorological and compaction perturbations led to the greatest model improvements. Because modeled depth and density were both generally lower than observations, assimilation favored particles with higher precipitation and thus more overburden compaction. This moved depth and density (therefore SWE) closer to observations. In contrast, ensemble generation that varied only compaction parameters degraded performance. These results were supported by synthetic experiments with prescribed error sources. Thus, assimilation of snow depth data from lidar or other techniques can likely improve snow density and SWE derived at the basin scale. However, supplementary in situ observations are valuable to identify primary error sources in simulated snow depth and density.
Exact Upscaling for Transport of Size‐Distributed Colloids
Authors: Bedrikovetsky P. , Osipov Y. , Kuzmina L. , Malgaresi G.
Published: January 2019

The article investigates one‐dimensional (1‐D) suspension‐colloidal transport of size‐distributed particles with particle attachment. A population balance approach is presented for computing the particle transport and capture by porous media. The occupied area of each attached particle is particle size‐dependent. The main model assumption is the retention rate dependency of the overall vacancy concentration for all particle sizes. For the first time, we derive an exact averaging (upscaling) procedure resulting in a closed system of large‐scale equations for average concentrations of suspended and retained particles and of occupied rock surface area. The resulting large‐scale 3 × 3 system significantly differs from the traditional 2 × 2 deep bed filtration model. However, the traditional model becomes a particular case that corresponds to an equal occupied area for all particles. The averaging yields the appearance of two empirical suspension and site occupation functions, which govern the kinetics of particle retention and site occupation, respectively. One‐dimensional flow problems for the averaged equations are essentially nonlinear. However, they allow for exact solutions. We derive novel exact solutions for three 1‐D problems: continuous injection of particulate colloidal suspension, injection of colloidal suspension bank with particle‐free chase drive, and fines migration induced by high‐rate flows. The analytical model for continuous injection closely matches three series of laboratory tests on nanofluid transport.
A Novel Approach Reveals Element Cycles in the Ocean
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: January 2019

Dissolved thorium isotopes light the way to a more thorough understanding of how different elements enter marine environments—and how long they stay there.
Genetic associations with suicide attempt severity and genetic overlap with major depression
Authors: Levey Daniel F. , Polimanti Renato , Cheng Zhongshan , Zhou Hang , Nuñez Yaira Z. , Jain Sonia , He Feng , Sun Xiaoying , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C. , Smoller Jordan W. , Stein Murray B. , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel
Published: January 2019

In 2015, ~800,000 people died by suicide worldwide. For every death by suicide there are as many as 25 suicide attempts, which can result in serious injury even when not fatal. Despite this large impact on morbidity and mortality, the genetic influences on suicide attempt are poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of severity of suicide attempts to investigate genetic influences. A discovery GWAS was performed in Yale-Penn sample cohorts of European Americans (EAs, n = 2,439) and African Americans (AAs, n = 3,881). We found one genome-wide significant (GWS) signal in EAs near the gene LDHB (rs1677091, p = 1.07 × 10−8) and three GWS associations in AAs: ARNTL2 on chromosome 12 (rs683813, p = 2.07 × 10−8), FAH on chromosome 15 (rs72740082, p = 2.36 × 10−8), and on chromosome 18 (rs11876255, p = 4.61 × 10−8) in the Yale-Penn discovery sample. We conducted a limited replication analysis in the completely independent Army-STARRS cohorts. rs1677091 replicated in Latinos (LAT, p = 6.52 × 10−3). A variant in LD with FAH rs72740082 (rs72740088; r2 = 0.68) was replicated in AAs (STARRS AA p = 5.23 × 10−3; AA meta, 1.51 × 10−9). When combined for a trans-population meta-analysis, the final sample size included n = 20,153 individuals. Finally, we found significant genetic overlap with major depressive disorder (MDD) using polygenic risk scores from a large GWAS (r2 = 0.007, p = 6.42 × 10−5). To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS of suicide attempt severity. We identified GWS associations near genes involved in anaerobic energy production (LDHB), circadian clock regulation (ARNTL2), and catabolism of tyrosine (FAH). These findings provide evidence of genetic risk factors for suicide attempt severity, providing new information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved.
Fetal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) deficiency alters the landscape of DNA methylation of murine placenta in a sex-dependent manner and is associated to anxiety-like behavior in adulthood
Authors: Schmidt Michaela , Lax Elad , Zhou Rudy , Cheishvili David , Ruder Arne Mathias , Ludiro Alessia , Lapert Florian , Macedo da Cruz Anna , Sandrini Paolo , Calzoni Teresa , Vaisheva Farida , Brandwein Christiane , Luoni Alessia , Massart Renaud , Lanfumey Laurence , Riva Marco Andrea , Deuschle Michael , Gass Peter , Szyf Moshe
Published: January 2019

Prenatal stress defines long-term phenotypes through epigenetic programming of the offspring. These effects are potentially mediated by glucocorticoid release and by sex. We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (Gr, Nr3c1) fashions the DNA methylation profile of offspring. Consistent with this hypothesis, fetal Nr3c1 heterozygosity leads to altered DNA methylation landscape in fetal placenta in a sex-specific manner. There was a significant overlap of differentially methylated genes in fetal placenta and adult frontal cortex in Nr3c1 heterozygotes. Phenotypically, Nr3c1 heterozygotes show significantly more anxiety-like behavior than wildtype. DNA methylation status of fetal placental tissue is significantly correlated with anxiety-like behavior of the same animals in adulthood. Thus, placental DNA methylation might predict behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. Our data supports the hypothesis that Nr3c1 influences DNA methylation at birth and that DNA methylation in placenta correlates with adult frontal cortex DNA methylation and anxiety-like phenotypes.
Characterizing acyl-carnitine biosignatures for schizophrenia: a longitudinal pre- and post-treatment study
Authors: Cao Bing , Wang Dongfang , Pan Zihang , Brietzke Elisa , McIntyre Roger S. , Musial Natalie , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Subramanieapillai Mehala , Zeng Jing , Huang Ninghua , Wang Jingyu
Published: January 2019

Subjects with schizophrenia have high risks of metabolic abnormalities and bioenergetic dysfunction. Acyl-carnitines involved in bioenergetic pathways provide potential biomarker targets for identifying early changes and onset characteristics in subjects with schizophrenia. We measured 29 acyl-carnitine levels within well-characterized plasma samples of adults with schizophrenia and healthy controls using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subjects with schizophrenia were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. A total of 225 subjects with schizophrenia and 175 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled and 156 subjects completed the 8-week follow-up. With respect to plasma acyl-carnitines, the individuals with schizophrenia at baseline showed significantly higher levels of C4-OH (C3-DC) and C16:1, but lower concentrations of C3, C8, C10, C10:1, C10:2, C12, C14:1-OH, C14:2, and C14:2-OH when compared with healthy controls after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and drinking. For the comparison between pretreatment and posttreatment subjects, all detected acyl-carnitines were significantly different between the two groups. Only the concentration of C3 and C4 were increased after selection by variable importance in projection (VIP) value >1.0 and false discovery rate (FDR) q value <0.05. A panel of acyl-carnitines were selected for the ability to differentiate subjects of schizophrenia at baseline from controls, pre- from post-treatment, and posttreatment from controls. Our data implicated acyl-carnitines with abnormalities in cellular bioenergetics of schizophrenia. Therefore, acyl-carnitines can be potential targets for future investigations into their roles in the pathoetiology of schizophrenia.
High frequencies of circulating memory T cells specific for calreticulin exon 9 mutations in healthy individuals
Authors: Holmström Morten O. , Ahmad Shamaila M. , Klausen Uffe , Bendtsen Simone K. , Martinenaite Evelina , Riley Caroline H. , Svane Inge M. , Kjær Lasse , Skov Vibe , Ellervik Christina , Pallisgaard Niels , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Andersen Mads H.
Published: January 2019

Mutations in exon 9 of the calreticulin gene (CALR) frequently occur in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Patients exhibit spontaneous cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from the mutant CALR C-terminus, and CALR-mutant-specific T cells recognize autologous CALR-mutant malignant cells. This study investigated whether CALR-mutant-specific T cells occur naturally in CALRwt MPN-patients and in healthy individuals. Specific immune responses against epitopes in the mutant CALR peptide sequence were detected in both CALRwt MPN-patients and in healthy individuals. Healthy donors displayed more frequent and stronger CALR-mutant specific T-cell responses compared to the responses identified in CALR-mutant MPN-patients. Several T-cell responses were identified in healthy donors directly ex vivo. Importantly, by running functional analyses on live-sorted immune cells from healthy donors, we showed that circulating CALR-mutant-specific immune cells are T-memory cells. These findings suggest, that healthy individuals acquire a CALR exon 9 mutation, but the immune system reacts and clears the mutant cells, and during this reaction generates CALR-mutant specific T-memory cells. We believe that these findings provide the evidence for tumor immune surveillance in MPN.
Site-specific incorporation of multiple units of functional nucleotides into DNA using a step-wise approach with polymerase and its application to monitoring DNA structural changes
Authors: Huy Le Binh , Nguyen Van Thang , Seo Young Jun
Published: January 2019

We have developed a new method, a step-wise approach with polymerase, for site-specific incorporation of multiple units of functional nucleotides into DNA for monitoring hairpin secondary structure dynamics.
Mineral surfaces select for longer RNA molecules
Authors: Mizuuchi Ryo , Blokhuis Alex , Vincent Lena , Nghe Philippe , Lehman Niles , Baum David
Published: January 2019

Mineral surfaces are inherently capable of selecting for longer RNA and can cooperate with catalytic RNA to increase genetic complexity.
A one-pot general strategy towards the synthesis of core–satellite suprastructures
Authors: Wang Shuping , Qi Jialin , Yang Zhijie , Yang Yanzhao , Wei Jingjing
Published: January 2019

A one-pot strategy developed towards the synthesis of core–satellite structures based on the fractional precipitation rule.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of VI/V reduction potentials of uranyl coordination complexes in non-aqueous solutions
Authors: Arumugam Krishnamoorthy , Burton Neil A.
Published: January 2019

Of particular interest within the +6 uranium complexes is the linear uranyl(vi) cation and it forms numerous coordination complexes in solution and exhibits incongruent redox behavior depending on coordinating ligands. This DFT study predicts VI/V reduction potentials of a range of uranyl(vi) complexes in non-aqueous solutions within ∼0.10−0.20 eV of experiment.
Mapping the intrinsic absorption properties and photodegradation pathways of the protonated and deprotonated forms of the sunscreen oxybenzone
Authors: Wong Natalie G. K. , Berenbeim Jacob A. , Hawkridge Mathew , Matthews Edward , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: January 2019

Laser photodissociation experiments on gas-phase protonated and deprotonated oxybenzone reveal how the absorption properties and photodegradation products are significantly affected by pH.
High-resolution rotational Raman spectroscopy of benzene
Authors: Lee Jong Chan , Lee Dong Eun , Schultz Thomas
Published: January 2019

A time-domain laser experiment resolved spectra for benzene with single-MHz resolution, a 100-fold improvement on literature data.
Twisting the arm: structural constraints in bicyclic expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Sampford Katharine R. , Carden Jamie L. , Kidner Edward B. , Berry Abigail , Cavell Kingsley J. , Murphy Damien M. , Kariuki Benson M. , Newman Paul D.
Published: January 2019

Bicyclic expanded ring carbenes show increased sterics compared to similar monocyclic derivatives. The enhancement is a consequence of an impacting methyl substituent.
Ruthenium complexes with N-functionalized secondary amino ligands: a new class of catalysts toward efficient hydrogenation of esters
Authors: Fang Xiaolong , Li Bin , Zheng Jianwei , Wang Xiaoping , Zhu Hongping , Yuan Youzhu
Published: January 2019

Mono-N-functionalized secondary amino ligand-coordinated ruthenium complexes exhibit much better catalytic efficiency in the hydrogenation of esters than the corresponding primary amino ligand-constituted catalyst.
Photogenerated acyl/alkoxycarbonyl/carbamoyl radicals for sustainable synthesis
Authors: Raviola Carlotta , Protti Stefano , Ravelli Davide , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: January 2019

Recent examples of sustainable acylations by photogenerated acyl/alkoxycarbonyl/carbamoyl radicals have been discussed in this article.
Recent progress on flexible inorganic single-crystalline functional oxide films for advanced electronics
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ma Chunrui , Lu Xiaoli , Liu Ming
Published: January 2019

Recent progress in fabricating freestanding single-crystalline functional oxide thin films and their potential in integration with advanced electronics.
Anchoring anions with metal–organic framework-functionalized separators for advanced lithium batteries
Authors: Shen Li , Wu Hao Bin , Liu Fang , Zhang Chen , Ma Shengxiang , Le Zaiyuan , Lu Yunfeng
Published: January 2019

A metal–organic framework-functionalized separator has been developed to anchor anions and promote Li+ transport in liquid electrolytes, enabling superior electrochemical performance in advanced lithium batteries.
Synergistic effect of bimetallic Cu:Ni nanoparticles for the efficient catalytic conversion of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Seethapathy Vivek , Sudarsan Preethi , Pandey Anurag Kumar , Pandiyan Arunkumar , Kumar T. H. Vignesh , Sanjeevi Kannan , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. , Krishna Moorthy Suresh Babu
Published: January 2019

A non-noble metal-based bimetallic Cu–Ni system for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol and effective recyclability by magnetic retrieval of the catalyst.
Recent advances in iminyl radical-mediated catalytic cyclizations and ring-opening reactions
Authors: Yin Wenqing , Wang Xuelian
Published: January 2019

Iminyl radicals have emerged as versatile synthons for N-heterocycle constructions and ring-opening reactions.
Amorphous cobalt–iron hydroxides as high-efficiency oxygen-evolution catalysts based on a facile electrospinning process
Authors: Guo Zhenguo , Ye Wen , Fang Xiaoyu , Wan Jian , Ye Yaoyao , Dong Yingying , Cao Ding , Yan Dongpeng
Published: January 2019

The first example of amorphous CoFe hydroxide based on the electrospinning process was developed, which was used as an efficient OER catalyst.
Silicon nanoparticle-sandwiched ultrathin MoS2–graphene layers as an anode material for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kawade Ujjwala V. , Ambalkar Anuradha A. , Panmand Rajendra P. , Kalubarme Ramchandra S. , Kadam Sunil R. , Naik Sonali D. , Kulkarni Milind V. , Kale Bharat B.
Published: January 2019

This Si@MoS2–G nanostructure engineering and hybridization approach confers shielding in volume expansion because the Si nanoparticles are sandwiched in layers, which allows adequate space between the MoS2–G layers for easy lithium ion transport.
Alkoxythiophene and alkylthiothiophene π-bridges enhance the performance of A–D–A electron acceptors
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jin Ke , Xiao Zuo , Wang Xingzhu , Wang Tao , Yi Chenyi , Ding Liming
Published: January 2019

Alkoxythiophene and alkylthiothiophene π-bridges were introduced to A–D–A electron acceptors to improve photovoltaic performance.
Influence of the head group on dynamics in surfactant intercalated graphite oxide
Authors: Ai Xiaoqian , Zhang Minmin , Yan Ye , Zhang Xiaoming , Cao Xiaoxiao , Wang Qiong , Ma Ligang
Published: January 2019

The influence of the headgroup on the dynamics of three different alkylammonium cations confined in graphite oxide (GO) was studied by temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy.
Efficient degradation of organic pollutants by peroxymonosulfate activated with MgCuFe-layered double hydroxide
Authors: Zhu Jianyao , Zhu Zhiliang , Zhang Hua , Lu Hongtao , Qiu Yanling
Published: January 2019

MgCuFe-layered double hydroxide exhibited high catalytic activity to activate peroxymonosulfate for degradation of organic pollutants. SO4˙− and ·OH are the main reactive radicals involved in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Influence of BaTiO3/white graphene filler synergy on the energy harvesting performance of a piezoelectric polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Al Ali Al-Maadeed Mariam
Published: January 2019

Designing a piezoelectric nanogenerator based on ternary polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) nanocomposite containing ceramic BaTiO3 and hexagonal boron nitride nanomaterials.
Light-induced water oxidation by polymorphs of the Zn–Co–Ni oxide spinel catalyst: a comparative study
Authors: Sakla Rahul , Kaushik Rahul , Kumar Vijay , Jose D. Amilan , Ghosh Amrita , Mariappan C. R.
Published: January 2019

Spinel-type catalyst Zn0.2Ni0.8Co2O4exhibits high activity and stability for the photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.
In situ preparation of CdS decorated ZnWO4 nanorods as a photocatalyst for direct conversion of sunlight into fuel and RhB degradation
Authors: Sethi Yogesh A. , Panmand Rajendra P. , Ambalkar Anuradha , Kulkarni Aniruddha K. , Patil Deepak R. , Gunjal Aarti R. , Gosavi Suresh W. , Kulkarni Milind V. , Kale Bharat B.
Published: January 2019

In situ synthesis of monoclinic ZnWO4 nanorods decorated with hexagonal CdS nanoparticles by a facile solvothermal method used as photocatalysts for hydrogen production under solar light.
Evaporation of a free microdroplet of a binary mixture of liquids with different volatilities
Authors: Kolwas Maciej , Jakubczyk Daniel , Do Duc Tho , Archer Justice
Published: January 2019

We observed in experiment and modelled analytically several modes of distillation in free microdroplets of binary mixtures.
Shearing-induced contact pattern formation in hydrogels sliding in polymer solution
Authors: Yashima Shintaro , Hirayama Satoshi , Kurokawa Takayuki , Salez Thomas , Takefuji Haruna , Hong Wei , Gong Jian Ping
Published: January 2019

Hydrogels during rotational shearing on a glass surface in concentrated sodium hyaluronan solution make various dynamic periodical circumferential contact patterns.
Controlled growth of CdS–Cu2−xS lateral heteroshells on Au nanoparticles with improved photocatalytic activity and photothermal efficiency
Authors: Ma Song , Chen Kai , Qiu Yun-Hang , Gong Li-Li , Pan Gui-Min , Lin Yong-Jie , Hao Zhong-Hua , Zhou Li , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: January 2019

Lateral heteroshells of CdS–Cu2−xS are overgrown on Au nanoparticles with all components directly connected with each other to improve photocatalysis and photothermal therapy.
Plasmonic Ru/hydrogen molybdenum bronzes with tunable oxygen vacancies for light-driven reduction of p-nitrophenol
Authors: Yin Haibo , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Che Michel , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: January 2019

Plasmonic Ru/HxMoO3−y hybrids enable significant plasmon-enhanced catalysis for reduction of p-nitrophenol under visible light irradiation.
Proposal of a stable B3S nanosheet as an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst
Authors: Wu Hong , Li Xingxing , Zhang Ruiqi , Yang Jinlong
Published: January 2019

Proposal of a B3S nanosheet as a low-cost and high-efficiency catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices
Authors: Chang Peng , Mei Hui , Zhou Shixiang , Dassios Konstantinos G. , Cheng Laifei
Published: January 2019

Recent progress in 3D printing of electrochemical energy storage devices.
Multipronged design of theranostic nanovehicles with endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsiveness for precise cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Rui , An Jinxia , Zhu Huajie , Yan Xiangjie , Gao Hui
Published: January 2019

Multifunctional nanovehicle with pH and NIR light stimuli-responsiveness for fluorescence imaging and chemo/photothermal combination antitumor therapy.
Self-assembly of nanoparticles by human serum albumin and photosensitizer for targeted near-infrared emission fluorescence imaging and effective phototherapy of cancer
Authors: Huang Yan , He Na , Wang Yunqing , Shen Dazhong , Kang Qi , Zhao Rongfang , Chen Lingxin
Published: January 2019

A self-assembly nanoplatform of HSA@Cy-HPT for targeted near-infrared emission fluorescence imaging and effective phototherapy of cancer.
Correction: High capacity potassium-ion battery anodes based on black phosphorus
Authors: Sultana Irin , Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Ramireddy Thrinathreddy , Chen Ying , Glushenkov Alexey M.
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘High capacity potassium-ion battery anodes based on black phosphorus’ by Irin Sultana et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 23506–23512.
The Psychological Reality of Phonetic Features in Children
Authors: Žagar Linda L. , Locke John L.
Published: January 2019

Ten linguistically normal children, aged 4:6 to 5:5, were trained on three separate tasks to associate consonantal features of voicing, manner, and place of articulation with cups of a particular location and color. Performance on untrained generalization trials exceeded chance on voicing and manner, but not on place. Analyses of individual subjects revealed that the majority did not exceed chance performance on any of the phonetic features. It was concluded that phonetic features are of limited availability to children in associative tasks, and that the clinical value of such procedures with phonologically disordered children may also be limited, though further testing is needed.
AAC Clinical Education: Measuring Outcomes With Single Subject Designs
Authors: Hyppa-Martin Jolene
Published: January 2019

Single subject experimental designs are a clinical tool that enable speech-language pathologists to make low-inference, data-driven intervention decisions and can be particularly useful when treating heterogeneous clinical populations for which there is limited directly applicable extant scientific evidence. Single-subject experimental designs are also useful in supporting the development of clinical expertise for speech-language pathologists and graduate students. This article provides a basic overview of the role of single-subject experimental designs in augmentative and alternative communication clinical education and the potential contributions that the application of these designs can make to the field of augmentative and alternative communication.
The Developing Relationship Among Cognition, Amplification, and Aural Rehabilitation
Authors: DiGiovanni Jeffrey J. , Riffle Travis L.
Published: January 2019

The search for best practices in hearing aid fittings and aural rehabilitation has generally used the audiogram and function stemming from peripheral sensitivity. In recent years, however, we have learned that individuals respond differently to various hearing aid and aural rehabilitation techniques based on cognitive abilities. In this paper, we review basic concepts of working memory and the literature driving our knowledge in newer concepts of hearing aid fitting and aural rehabilitation.
Monolithic 3D‐printed slotted hemisphere resonator bandpass filter with extended spurious‐free stopband
Authors: Li Jin , Li Sheng , Huang Guan‐Long , Yuan Tao , Attallah Moataz M.
Published: January 2019

A method to effectively suppress the spurious modes in a hemispherical resonator is proposed and the suppression contributes to extension of the spurious‐free stopband for the hemispherical‐resonator‐based bandpass filters. The TM2m1 and TE101 modes in a hemispherical resonator are suppressed by interrupting the corresponding surface current via properly slotting the cavity shell, without significantly interfering with the fundamental TM101 mode. Resonant modes in a slotted hemispherical (SH) resonator are analysed, and design and implementation of a proof‐of‐concept X‐band fourth‐order SH‐resonator waveguide filter are presented. The filter is monolithically prototyped by employing metallic additive manufacturing technology. The filter demonstrates passband insertion and returns losses of averagely 0.9 dB and >20 dB, respectively, a small frequency shift of <0.9%, and a spurious‐free stopband frequency ratio of >1.8:1 with a stopband rejection over 34 dB at 10.5–16.4 GHz.
Discrete event chain description of power system transient dynamic simulations for efficient cluster analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Huang Shaowei , Xia Yue , Wei Zun
Published: January 2019

The results of an electromechanical transient simulation can be viewed as a time series data set. Storing these data requires a sizeable space, and the considerable data size renders comparative analysis difficult. For mitigating these problems, a method for analysing and describing a discrete‐event chain in the dynamic process of a power system is proposed. Based on the symbolic description, the continuous dynamic process is represented as a discrete‐event chain, resulting from the change in state variables beyond the given threshold. Therefore, the event‐driven electromechanical transient simulation is developed, and the continuous dynamics and discrete‐event chain simulation results are obtained. Subsequently, the event relation matrix is obtained, normalised, and then converted into a bitmap. Finally, the k‐means method is used for the cluster analysis on the bitmap of the simulation result. Two test cases involving an IEEE 39‐bus system and a practical system are considered. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Adaptive pseudo‐linear control for grid‐supportive PV system
Authors: Kumar Shailendra , Jain Chinmay , Singh Bhim
Published: January 2019

This work demonstrates a grid‐supportive photovoltaic (PV) system with an adaptive pseudo‐linear control. The proposed PV system utilises a boost converter and a voltage source converter (VSC). The VSC performs multitasks such as load balancing, harmonics suppression and enhancing active power penetration to the grid. Wherein, a perturb and observe based technique serves the function of maximum power point tracking through the control of a boost converter. However, an adaptive pseudo‐linear control is used for control of VSC. The adaptive pseudo‐linear algorithm is used for the evaluation of fundamental components of load currents and it estimates the reference grid currents. The grid currents are controlled to generate the insulated gate bipolar transistors firing signals for VSC. A prototype of PV system is developed in the laboratory and implemented under different loads and solar insolation levels. The total harmonic distortions of grid currents are preserved within the limits in accordance with the IEEE‐519 standard.
Stochastic generation scheduling with variable renewable generation: methods, applications, and future trends
Authors: Tan Wen‐Shan , Shaaban Mohamed , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin
Published: January 2019

One of the most intricate optimisation problems in power systems is generation scheduling. It determines the schedule and dispatch of electrical power generation to meet the load demand under various technical and operating constraints. Generation scheduling is a vivid problem, particularly in recent years, due to the aggressive integration of renewable energy, with stochastic nature, into power grids. As the literature size has swollen substantially in the past several years, this study critically looks into uncertainty modelling and the formulation of various techniques that were implemented in stochastic optimisation‐based generation scheduling. The strengths and weaknesses of existing methods are fully exposed. Market operation policies that significantly affect the scheduling of renewable energy generation in different timescales are elaborated. Potential applications and future trends in terms of modelling, computational performance, and incorporation of flexibility and resilience notions are thoroughly discussed.
Method to improve the repeatability of dynamic contact resistance measurement test results for high‐voltage circuit breakers
Authors: Cheng Tingting , Gao Wensheng , Zhao Dongbo , Huang Yulong , Liu Weidong , Zhao Yuming
Published: January 2019

Dynamic contact resistance measurement (DRM) is an effective technique to evaluate the contact condition in substations without dismantling circuit breakers. However, performing DRM tests with unsuitable test parameters will cause low repeatability of the test results, and even lead to the misdiagnosis of contact condition. Performing the DRM tests at high DC injected current can improve the repeatability. This paper studies the mechanism of the DC injected current on the repeatability of the DRM test results, and it also promotes a new determination method of the DC injected current amplitude. The impact of the DC injected current on DRM test results is reviewed. The mechanism of the DC injected current on DRM test results is investigated by analysing the chemical composition of the contact surface, the force exerted on the contacts, and the temperatures of a‐spots on the contacts’ surface. Results indicate that not the Lorentz force, but the temperature of a‐spots is the primary influencing factor. The amplitude of the DC injected current can be determined by calculating the temperatures of the a‐spot on the contacts’ surface. And this method can also be used for other SF6 circuit breakers.
Are long gamma-ray bursts biased tracers of star formation? Clues from the host galaxies of the Swift/BAT6 complete sample of bright LGRBs
Authors: Palmerio J. T. , Vergani S. D. , Salvaterra R. , Sanders R. L. , Japelj J. , Vidal-García A. , D’Avanzo P. , Corre D. , Perley D. A. , Shapley A. E. , Boissier S. , Greiner J. , Le Floc’h E. , Wiseman P.
Published: January 2019

Aims. Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRB) have been proposed as promising tracers of star formation owing to their association with the core-collapse of massive stars. Nonetheless, previous studies we carried out at z <  1 support the hypothesis that the conditions necessary for the progenitor star to produce an LGRB (e.g. low metallicity), were challenging the use of LGRBs as star-formation tracers, at least at low redshift. The goal of this work is to characterise the population of host galaxies of LGRBs at 1 < z < 2, investigate the conditions in which LGRBs form at these redshifts and assess their use as tracers of star formation.

Methods. We performed a spectro-photometric analysis to determine the stellar mass, star formation rate, specific star formation rate and metallicity of the complete, unbiased host galaxy sample of the Swift/BAT6 LGRB sample at 1 < z < 2. We compared the distribution of these properties to the ones of typical star-forming galaxies from the MOSDEF and COSMOS2015 Ultra Deep surveys, within the same redshift range.

Results. We find that, similarly to z <  1, LGRBs do not directly trace star formation at 1 < z < 2, and they tend to avoid high-mass, high-metallicity host galaxies. We also find evidence for an enhanced fraction of starbursts among the LGRB host sample with respect to the star-forming population of galaxies. Nonetheless we demonstrate that the driving factor ruling the LGRB efficiency is metallicity. The LGRB host distributions can be reconciled with the ones expected from galaxy surveys by imposing a metallicity upper limit of logOH ∼ 8.55. We can determine upper limits on the fraction of super-solar metallicity LGRB host galaxies of ∼20%, 10% at z <  1, 1 <  z <  2, respectively.

Conclusions. Metallicity rules the LGRB production efficiency, which is stifled at Z ≳ 0.7 Z⊙. Under this hypothesis we can expect LGRBs to trace star formation at z >  3, once the bulk of the star forming galaxy population are characterised by metallicities below this limit. The role played by metallicity can be explained by the conditions necessary for the progenitor star to produce an LGRB. The moderately high metallicity threshold found is in agreement with the conditions necessary to rapidly produce a fast-rotating Wolf-Rayet stars in close binary systems, and could be accommodated by single star models under chemically homogeneous mixing with very rapid rotation and weak magnetic coupling.
Prospects for detecting the astrometric signature of Barnard’s Star b
Authors: Tal-Or L. , Zucker S. , Ribas I. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Reiners A.
Published: January 2019

A low-amplitude periodic signal in the radial velocity (RV) time series of Barnard’s Star was recently attributed to a planetary companion with a minimum mass of ~3.2M⊕at an orbital period of ~233 days. The relatively long orbital period and the proximity of Barnard’s Star to the Sun raises the question whether the true mass of the planet can be constrained by accurate astrometric measurements. By combining the assumption of an isotropic probability distribution of the orbital orientation with the RV-analysis results, we calculated the probability density function of the astrometric signature of the planet. In addition, we reviewed the astrometric capabilities and limitations of current and upcoming astrometric instruments. We conclude thatGaiaand theHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) are currently the best-suited instruments to perform the astrometric follow-up observations. Taking the optimistic estimate of their single-epoch accuracy to be ~30μas, we find a probability of ~10% to detect the astrometric signature of Barnard’s Star b with ~50 individual-epoch observations. In case of no detection, the implied mass upper limit would be ~8M⊕, which would place the planet in the super-Earth mass range. In the next decade, observations with the Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope (WFIRST) may increase the prospects of measuring the true mass of the planet to ~99%.
Circular critical exponents for Thue–Morse factors
Authors: Shallit Jeffrey , Zarifi Ramin
Published: January 2019

We prove various results about the largest exponent of a repetition in a factor of the Thue–Morse word, when that factor is considered as a circular word. Our results confirm and generalize previous results of Fitzpatrick and Aberkane & Currie.