bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Delivery System Based on CTAB/CS‐Modified Kanemite for Methotrexate and Its Cytotoxicity Against HepG2 Cells
Authors: Liu Yijun , Guo Fang , Shang Xiaoqiang , Chen Yufeng
Published: October 2024

Cationic cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) is an effective and common intercalator for interlayered modification in layered materials, while its biotoxicity remains an issue. To improve biosafety and biocompatibility of the drug delivery system, the nontoxic chitosan (CS) was introduced into CTAB‐modified kanemite (Ka‐CTAB). Accordingly, the obtained Ka‐CTAB/CS was further used as a drug carrier of methotrexate (MTX). Various characterizations were employed to investigate the drug delivery system based on the Ka‐CTAB/CS. Results revealed that the loading capacity of the drug delivery system based on the Ka‐CTAB/CS for MTX was about 13.47%, and the drug delivery system exhibited slow and sustained release of drugs either in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4) or in HCl solution (pH = 1.35). The introduction of CS in Ka‐CTAB/CS not only replaced a part of CTAB in composition but also prevented CTAB molecules falling off the carrier during the drug‐releasing process. In the methyl orange dye assay, the concentration of free CTAB shed from Ka‐CTAB/CS was as low as 8.09 × 10−7 mol/L after 24 h. In an in vitro cell viability assay using HepG2 cells, Ka‐CTAB/CS also exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to previous Ka‐CTAB.
TBAI‐TBHP Mediated C4‐Selective C(sp3)‐H Sulfonylation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroacridines and Oxidative Desulfonylation to 2,3‐Dihydro Acridin‐4(1H)‐Ones
Authors: Shirisha Thangellapally , Majhi Subir , Kashinath Dhurke
Published: October 2024

A site selective, metal‐free C(sp3)−H sulfonylation of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroacridines is reported using sulfonyl hydrazides as sulfonyl source in the presence of a combination of tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.2 equiv.) and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (1 equiv.). This reaction was extended for the 2,3‐dihydroacridin‐4(1H)‐ones via oxidative desulfonylation. Both sulfonylation and desulfonylation steps were achieved in good to excellent yields with broad substrate compatibility.
Burnout, working alliance, and ward atmosphere: A multisite study of mental health professionals and patients with schizophrenia
Authors: D’Addazio Miriam , Poddighe Laura , Bianchi Renzo , Calza Stefano , Carnevale Martina , Starace Fabrizio , Zamparini Manuel , de Girolamo Giovanni ,   the DiAPASon Consortium
Published: October 2024

This study examined the association between burnout, psychological distress, ward atmosphere, and working alliance (WA) among mental health workers treating patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Data were collected from 345 patients with SSD and 151 mental health workers across 98 residential facilities (RFs) as part of the DiAPAson project from October 2020 to October 2021. Participants were excluded from the study if they exhibited patient‐operator matching errors, dropped out, or had many missing Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scores. The final sample included 282 patients and 155 healthcare workers. Burnout was assessed using the MBI. Psychological distress was evaluated with the 12‐item version of the General Health Questionnaire. WA and ward atmosphere were evaluated with the WA Inventory and the Ward Atmosphere Scale, respectively, in both staff and patients. Sociodemographic and clinical data was also collected and analysed. Burnout was associated with a less supportive ward atmosphere, a weaker WA, and higher staff distress. Severe psychiatric symptoms evaluated with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in patients were also linked to staff burnout levels. Discrepancies in the perceptions of the ward atmosphere and the WA were observed between staff and patients, with patients reporting better perceptions in both domains. Our findings highlight the complex dynamics of well‐being within psychiatric care settings, emphasizing the importance of role clarity, professional autonomy, and a positive ward atmosphere in mitigating burnout. Interventions focused on such factors may help support mental health professionals involved in SSD patient care. ISRCTN registry ID ISRCTN21141466.
Dual‐Hydrogen Bond Donor‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Fibers: Enhancing Anion‐Sensing Performance Through Functionalization Approaches
Authors: Choi Seung‐Ho , Lee Joon‐Seok , Lee Sungju , Jeong Hyeon Su , Choi Seon‐Jin
Published: October 2024

In this study, chemiresistive anion sensors are developed using carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) functionalized with squaramide‐based dual‐hydrogen bond donors (SQ1 and SQ2) and systematically compared the sensing properties attained by two different functionalization methods. Model structures of the selectors are synthesized based on a squaramide motif incorporating an electron‐withdrawing group. Anion‐binding studies of SQ1 and SQ2 are conducted using UV–vis titrations to elucidate the anion‐binding properties of the selectors. These studies revealed that the chemical interaction with acetate (AcO−) induced the deprotonation of both SQ1 and SQ2. Selectors are functionalized onto the CNTFs using either covalent or non‐covalent functionalization. For covalent functionalization, SQ1 is chemically formed on the surface of the CNTFs, whereas SQ2 is non‐covalently functionalized to the surface of the CNTFs assisted by poly(4‐vinylpyridine). The results showed that non‐covalently functionalized CNTFs exhibited a 3.6‐fold higher sensor response toward 33.33 mm AcO− than covalently functionalized CNTFs. The selector library is expanded using diverse selectors, such as TU‐ and CA‐based selectors, which are non‐covalently functionalized on CNTFs and presented selective AcO−‐sensing properties. To demonstrate on‐site and real‐time anion detection, anion sensors are integrated into a sensor module that transferred the sensor resistance to a smartphone via wireless communication.
Self‐Reconstruction Induced Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction for Modulated Cu+ Sites on TiO2 Nanofibers in Electrocatalytic Nitrate Conversion
Authors: Cong Yuting , Kang Xuxin , Wu Ziyang , Gu Lin , Wu Chang , Duan Xiangmei , Chen Jun , Yang Jianping
Published: October 2024

The Cu+ active sites have gained great attention in electrochemical nitrate reduction, offering a highly promising method for nitrate removal from water bodies. However, challenges arise from the instability of the Cu+ state and microscopic structure over prolonged operation, limiting the selectivity and durability of Cu+‐based electrodes. Herein, a self‐reconstructed Cu2O/TiO2 nanofibers (Cu2O/TiO2 NFs) catalyst, demonstrating exceptional stability over 50 cycles (12 h per cycle), a high NO3−‐N removal rate of 90.2%, and N2 selectivity of 98.7% is reported. The in situ electrochemical reduction contributes to the self‐reconstruction of Cu2O/TiO2 nanofibers with stabilized Cu+ sites via the electronic metal‐support interaction between TiO2 substrates, as evidenced by in situ characterizations and theoretical simulations. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations also indicate that the well‐retained Cu+ sites enhance catalytic capability by inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction and optimizing the binding energy of *NO on the Cu2O/TiO2 NFs heterostructure surface. This work proposes an effective strategy for preserving low‐valence‐state Cu‐based catalysts with high intrinsic activity for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), thereby advancing the prospects for sustainable nitrate remediation technologies.
Correlation of Processing and Structure in an Ethylene‐Glycol Side‐Chain Modified Polythiophene via Combined X‐Ray Scattering and 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Herzing Andrew A. , Flagg Lucas Q. , Snyder Chad R. , Richter Lee J. , Onorato Jonathan W. , Luscombe Christine K. , Li Ruipeng
Published: October 2024

The results of a combined grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and 4D scanning transmission microscopy (4D‐STEM) analysis of the effects of thermal processing on poly(3[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]‐methylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) are reported, a conjugated semiconducting polymer used as the active layer in organic electrochemical transistor devices. GIWAXS provides a measure of overall crystallinity in the film, while 4D‐STEM produces real‐space maps of the morphology and orientation of individual crystallites along with their spatial extent and distribution. The sensitivity of the 4D‐STEM detector allows for collection of electron diffraction patterns at each position in an image scan while limiting the imparted electron dose to below the damage threshold. The effects of heat treatment on the distribution and type of crystallites present in the films is determined.
Effect of Direct Current Electric Field on the Clogging Behavior of Submerged Entry Nozzle During Casting of UltraLow‐Carbon Steel
Authors: Chen Kaiwang , Yuan Lei , Gu Qiang , Liu Guoqi , Zhi Jianjun , Yu Jingkun , Li Hongxia
Published: October 2024

The clogging of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN), as an important device to connect the tundish and the mold, has been widely concerned. However, until now, the clogging of the SEN cannot be eliminated during the casting. Herein, the clogging behavior of the SEN during the casting of ultralow‐carbon steel is studied using an external DC electric field. The findings demonstrate that the DC electric field inhibits the growth of the clogging on the outlet and the thickness of the clogging layer is small, which ensures the integrity of the profile of the outlet. After DC treatment, the interface of the clogging is clear and the density is increased, which reduces the pollution to molten steel. At the same time, the fluctuation of the mold level is significantly improved, and the defect rate of cold rolling is effectively reduced to 30% of the original level, which is beneficial to the overall performance of the slab.
Fabrication, applications, and prospects for poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofibers
Authors: Tang Lin , Jia Mingshun , He Mukun , Liu Qiqi , Lin Yuhan , Yi Yiting , Liu Xiaolin , Liu Xi , Tang Yusheng , Gu Junwei
Published: October 2024

Polymer nanofibers exhibit unique nanoscale effects, high specific strength and modulus, exceptional design flexibility, large aspect ratios, and substantial specific surface areas. These characteristics have drawn significant attention in emerging fields such as flexible electronics, 5G communications, and new energy vehicles. Notably, poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) nanofibers (PNFs) present the best thermal stability and flame retardancy among all known polymer nanofibers. Furthermore, due to the highly oriented molecular chains and orderly structure, PNFs demonstrate superior thermal conductivity compared to conventional polymer nanofibers, thus garnering significant attention and favor from researchers. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of PNFs, detailing three preparation methods (electrospinning, mechanical dissociation, and protonation) along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. It also elucidates the current development status of PNFs in applications such as flame retardancy, thermal conduction, electrical insulation, electromagnetic shielding, and battery separators, and discusses the challenges and prospects faced by PNFs. This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the preparation and application of PNFs, enhancing their potential in advanced applications, and further expanding their application scope.
Non‐Uniform Electric Field Manipulation of Chromogenic Peptide Amphiphile Assemblies
Authors: Lacy Kiara L. , Lim Sujeung , Lundqvist Emil M. , Kuang Yuyao , Jeong Harrison C. , Adams Tayloria N. G. , Ardoña Herdeline Ann M.
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the influence of dielectrophoretic forces on the structural features and the resulting aggregates of a chromogenic model system, peptide‐diacetylene (D3GV‐DA) amphiphiles. Here, we systematically investigate how non‐uniform electric fields impact the (i) peptide‐directed supramolecular assembly stage and (ii) topochemical photopolymerization stage of polydiacetylenes (PDAs) in a quadrupole‐based dielectrophoresis (DEP) device, as well as the (iii) manipulation of D3GV‐DA aggregates in a light‐induced DEP (LiDEP) platform. The conformation‐dependent chromatic phases of peptide‐PDAs are utilized to probe the chain‐level effect of DEP exposure after the supramolecular assembly or after the topochemical photopolymerization stage. Steady‐state spectroscopic and microscopy analyses show that structural features such as the chirality and morphologies of peptidic 1‐D nanostructures are mostly conserved upon DEP exposure, but applying mild, non‐uniform fields at the self‐assembly stage is sufficient for fine‐tuning the chromatic phase ratio in peptide‐PDAs and manipulating their aggregates via LiDEP. Overall, this work provides insights into how non‐uniform electric fields offer a controllable approach to fine‐tune or preserve the molecularly preset assembly order of DEP‐responsive supramolecular or biopolymeric assemblies, as well as manipulate their aggregates using light projections, which have future implications for the precision fabrication of macromolecular systems with hierarchical structure‐dependent function.
Complete genus‐level phylogenomics and new subtribal classification of the pantropical plant family Annonaceae
Authors: Nge Francis J. , Chaowasku Tanawat , Damthongdee Anissara , Wiya Chattida , Soulé Vincent R.C. , Rodrigues‐Vaz Carlos , Bruy David , Mariac Cédric , Chatrou Lars W. , Chen Junhao , Choo Le Min , Dagallier Léo‐Paul M.J. , Erkens Roy H.J. , Johnson David M. , Leeratiwong Charan , Lobão Adriana Q. , Lopes Jenifer C. , Martínez‐Velarde Maria Fernanda , Munzinger Jérôme , Murray Nancy A. , Neo Wei Ling , Rakotoarinivo Mijoro , Ortiz‐Rodriguez Andres E. , Sonké Bonaventure , Thomas Daniel C. , Wieringa Jan J. , Couvreur Thomas L.P.
Published: October 2024

Annonaceae is a major tropical plant family particularly diverse in tropical rain forests of the world. Although the classification and systematics of the family has significantly improved over the past decade, the most recent classification was based on a reduced set of plastid markers and incomplete genus‐level taxon sampling. This classification recognised 4 subfamilies and 20 tribes. Yet, several important problems persisted, especially the phylogenetic placement of the African genus Meiocarpidium, resolution of intertribal relationships within subfamily Malmeoideae, resolution and classification within the diverse tribe Miliuseae with 23 genera, and the contrasting placement of the liana genus Artabotrys when using nuclear versus plastid data. Here, using a previously published Annonaceae‐specific nuclear bait kit, we generated for the first time a complete genus‐level (108 taxa) phylogenomic tree of the family based on 373 loci. We show that Meiocarpidium is sister to Ambavioideae and should be considered as a tribe and not a separate subfamily. Artabotrys is recovered as belonging to tribe Duguetieae, and not Xylopieae as previously inferred based on plastid data, and is sister to two other African liana genera, Letestudoxa and Pseudartabotrys. Finally, we were able to resolve intertribal relationships within subfamily Malmeoideae and most of the relationships within tribe Miliuseae. Nevertheless, we recovered strong gene conflict mainly at the backbone of the tribe, probably linked to a rapid diversification at its origin, leading to substantial incomplete lineage sorting. We suggest that this conflict will be hard to resolve. Using this novel phylogenomic framework we recognize 25 subtribes, 21 as new, to improve the infrafamilial classification of Annonaceae.
Commelina benghalensis attenuates cyclophosphamide‐induced hepatotoxicity by preserving hepatic mitochondrial activity through upregulating pro‐mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Allakonda Lingesh , Potnuri Ajay Godwin , Kumar Dokuparthi Sudheer , Danaboina Gnana Bhaskar , Kurra Subramanyam , Ranjan Rakshit
Published: October 2024

Aim

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used as antineoplastic agent. However, anticancer therapy is largely impeded by its toxicity arising from oxidative stress. Strategies that can attenuate this off‐target effect of CP could be helpful. Commelina benghalensis L. is widely used in oriental traditional medicine for management of jaundice, fever, inflammation, leprosy and snake bites; its potential against chemotherapy‐induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. The present study evaluates the hepatoprotective effect of hydro‐ethanolic extract of C. benghalensis (HECB) in a rat model of CP‐induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods

Chemical characterization of HECB was carried out followed by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Hepatic functional tests including phenobarbitone‐induced sleeping time were done and anti‐oxidant reserves were estimated after oral treatments at 50 and 100 mg/kg for eight weeks. Inflammatory markers and mitochondrial integrity (complex I activity, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 [Nrf2] and mitochondrial transcriptional factor A [TFAM] levels) were analyzed in the tissue lysates.

Results

Flavonoids and phenolic compounds were found at higher concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL with a significant free radical scavenging activity as displayed by DPPH assay. Administration of CP has resulted in increased liver weight, elevated serum hepatic enzyme activity along with inflammatory markers, decreased hepatic anti‐oxidant reserves, and impaired mitochondrial activity. Correspondingly, daily oral administration of HECB ameliorated these parameters and restored anti‐oxidant reserves. Further, hepatic mitochondrial activity, Nrf2 and TFAM levels were also improved. The hepatoprotective effect of HECB was further confirmed by histopathological analysis and phenobarbitone‐induced sleeping time.

Conclusion

Conclusively, the study provides preliminary evidence regarding the hepatoprotective activity of HECB and the contribution of its anti‐oxidant potential towards this pharmacological effect.
The association of dementia risk symptoms and functional activity in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Washington Selena E. , Bodde Amy E. , Helsel Brian C. , Bollinger Rebecca M. , Smith Nora , Ptomey Lauren T. , Ances Beau , Stark Susan L.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, often showing neuropathological indicators by age 40. Physical function and activities of daily living (ADLs) are understudied areas of function that may inform dementia risk. We investigated associations among age, physical function (gait/balance, grip strength, and lower extremity strength), ADLs, and dementia risk symptoms in adults with DS. We hypothesized that compromised physical function and lower independence with ADLs would be associated with an informant/caregiver‐reported measure of dementia risk symptoms.

METHODS

A secondary analysis for this cross‐sectional study was completed using data from two academic research centers with 43 adults with DS (age 30 ± 12 years). We examined the association of dementia risk symptoms, captured through the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID), with physical function (timed up and go [TUG], sit‐to‐stand [STS], grip strength) and ADLs (Waisman Activities of Daily Living Scale). A linear regression model for the continuous dementia risk measure in the DSQIID used a log transformation of (1 + log(Y + 1)) to account for a high zero count. Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to assess differences in the physical function measures, DSQIID questionnaire, and Waisman ADL by dividing mean age categories.

RESULTS

Higher DSQIID scores were associated with lower independence with ADLs (β = −0.103, p = 0.008), slower gait times (TUG; β = 0.112, p = 0.034), and impaired lower extremity strength (STS; β = 0.112, p = 0.017) and grip strength (β = −0.039, p = 0.034). DSQIID scores differed significantly between the ≥30 and <30 age groups. Participants ≥30 years of age scored 5 points higher on the DSQIID than participants <30, suggesting that age was associated with greater dementia risk.

DISCUSSION

Greater dementia risk symptoms were associated with age, lower physical function scores, and independence with ADLs, suggesting that declines in physical function and ADLs may be early indicators of subsequent dementia risk in adults with DS.

Highlights

We explored the association of physical function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in aging adults with DS and their relationship with informant/caregiver report of dementia risk symptoms.

Our findings demonstrated a significant relationship between a higher number of dementia risk symptoms observed and lower independence with ADLs, and impaired gait/balance, grip strength, and lower extremity strength.

Further research with larger longitudinal studies is necessary to investigate any causative relationships among physical function, ADL function, and dementia risk symptoms.
Socio‐economic evaluation of human–dog coexistence: A 40,000 years history
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad , Masoudi Ali Akbar , Vaez Torshizi Rasoul , Maghsoudi Ali
Published: October 2024

The human–animal relationship and its benefits have been a popular issue in recent decades. This study focuses on the dog as a paradigmatic example of this complex bond. The relationship between human and dog evolved over thousands of years through the domestication process. During this period, climatic, cultural, geographical and social changes have had a direct impact on this bond. Dogs have a remarkable capacity to play a variety of roles that mirror the evolution of human societies. Subsequently, questions arise regarding the important and symbolic roles that canines played in ancient cultures, religions and mythological traditions. Specifically, how have these roles changed through history? This research aimed to explore the socio‐economic aspects of the human–dog relationship, spanning from ancient civilizations to modern societies. Through a systematic search methodology, this investigation seeks to provide insights into the dynamics of the complex human–dog relationship, including historical backgrounds, socio‐cultural dynamics, economic implications and associated challenges. Additionally, the present study addresses the environmental concerns that emerge alongside rising stray dog populations. This research emphasizes the importance of strategies to balance the benefits of this coexistence that promote human and animal welfare.
Advanced quantum and semiclassical methods for simulating photoinduced molecular dynamics and spectroscopy
Authors: Faraji Shirin , Picconi David , Palacino‐González Elisa
Published: October 2024

Molecular‐level understanding of photoinduced processes is critically important for breakthroughs in transformative technologies utilizing light, ranging from photomedicine to photoresponsive materials. Theory and simulation play a crucial role in this task. Despite great advances in hardware and computational methods, the theoretical description of photoinduced phenomena in the presence of complex environments and external photoexcitation conditions still poses formidable challenges for theoreticians and there are numerous formal and computational difficulties that must be overcome. The development of predictive, accurate, and at the same time, computationally efficient theoretical approaches to describe complex problems in photochemistry and photophysics is an active field of research in contemporary theoretical and computational chemistry. In this advanced review, we discuss modern computational advances and novel approaches that have been recently developed in excited‐electronic structure methods, and multiscale modeling, with a special emphasis on coupled electron‐nuclear dynamics and spectroscopy, from fully quantum to semi‐classical methodologies—including dissipative effects, the explicit light field interaction, femtosecond time‐resolved spectroscopy, and software infrastructure.

This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry

Electronic Structure Theory > Combined QM/MM Methods

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy

Software > Molecular Modeling
Carnivore exclosures to protect sheep affect the distribution of a wild cervid
Authors: Forti Alessandro , Lissillour Pierre , Eriksen Ane , Cerjak Benoit , Campon Carla , Motlova Soňa , Wabakken Petter , Zimmermann Barbara
Published: October 2024

With the recent recovery of large carnivores in Europe, preventive measures to protect livestock are on the rise. Fences that exclude carnivores from grazing areas have been proven as effective, but they can be costly as well as posing a barrier for wildlife. We studied the effect of exclosures of > 10 km2 to protect sheep Ovis aries on the distribution and density of moose Alces alces using fecal pellet group counts in two study areas in southeastern Norway. During the summer grazing season, the fences were powered. Outside of the grazing season, one exclosure remained fenced while the other fence was demounted. This quasi‐experimental setting allowed us to investigate whether fences had a barrier effect for moose, and/or whether moose density was affected by interactions with sheep (competition or facilitation) or large carnivores (refuge hypothesis). During winter, moose pellet group density was about equal inside and outside of the exclosure with demounted wire strands, but less than half inside the permanently fenced exclosure compared to outside, indicating a potential fragmentation effect of the fence. During the grazing season, when wire strands were powered, moose pellet group density was equal or doubled inside as compared to outside both exclosures. Moose may have sought refuge from large carnivores inside the fences. Fecal pellet group densities of moose and sheep inside the fence were neither positively (facilitation) nor negatively (competition) correlated. However, moose used young forest, the most used habitat type by sheep, to a lesser extent inside than outside of the exclosures, maybe due to interference competition. Our study demonstrates that livestock protection fences can have an impact on more than the targeted wildlife species. To understand the mechanisms behind direct and indirect effects of fences, monitoring the movement and survival of individuals by means of GPS and camera traps would be needed.
Socially Situated Pedagogies as a Strategy to Innovate Architectural Curricula: The Case Study of SArPe and Its Design Studio Experimentation at the University of Pavia
Authors: Delsante Ioanni , Ahmed Tabassum , Duse Maddalena Giovanna Anita , Migliavacca Linda
Published: October 2024

The authors discuss a pedagogical experiment that arises out of an ongoing Erasmus+ project titled “Socially Situated Architectural Pedagogies” or SArPe, which involves the Universities of Pavia, Istanbul, TU Delft and Malaga. SArPe project situates itself in between three areas of inquiry: critical/radical pedagogies [1–4]; situated knowledge [5, 6] and commons-oriented knowledge and pedagogy [7–9].

On that basis, the paper aims to critically analyze architectural pedagogy through authors’ positioning in respect to the wider debate and a case study-based approach. Namely, a second-year architectural studio held at the University of Pavia in a.y. 2022–2023. Here the studio is reimagined as a site for commoning of knowledge through collaborations with non-academic actors; challenging hierarchical position between learners and educators; and experiment practice of dialogue.

By doing that, it seeks to broaden reflections on how architectural studio can reconnect to the outside world and, more particularly, how learners and educators (and their mutual positioning) engage with non-institutional stakeholders.

As such a transformative-relational pedagogy is experimented, which activates the traditional studio towards a socially situated pedagogical practice that promotes self-organization, encourages active participation and destabilases hierarchies.
Building a Community Through a Design Build Studio Program
Authors: Inceoglu Arda
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and critical assessment of the outcomes stemming from a Design-Build program, a pedagogical approach widely adopted by educational institutions worldwide. These programs are instrumental in equipping students with vital practical skills, often unattainable within the confines of a conventional studio environment. While the objectives of this program align with those of similar initiatives in various educational institutions, an examination reveals an unexpected and substantial outcome. Beyond its primary goals, the Design-Build program has played an integral role in instilling a culture of collaboration and camaraderie within the school, thereby significantly contributing to the overall success of its architectural education. All stages of the program consist of collaborative processes, instilling from an early age the importance of working together by helping each other than individual competition.
Speculating Beyond Academia. A Critical Reflection in the Light of the Experience of the PhD Workshop Held During the EAAE 23 Annual Conference
Authors: Inetzi Sotiria , Vannini Carlo , Salahieh Diana
Published: October 2024

Engaging in speculative endeavors beyond the confines of academia entails a deliberate focus on forging novel trajectories within the cognitive and knowledge-production realms of architectural research. It can be understood as an approach where research acts as a continuous path of inspiration and not (only) as a procedural tool for academic advancement. Within architectural doctoral studies, research by design and design driven research emerge as attitudes towards incorporating the artistic design processes in research, trespassing the scope of architectural research within academic boundaries.
The Merits of Teaching Architecture as General Education
Authors: Suzuki Arno
Published: October 2024

Teaching architecture as general education serves various purposes. Studying familiar buildings may become an intriguing introduction to liberal arts, including art, history, and natural and social sciences. Students can learn critical thinking, problem-solving, and interdisciplinary communication when studying architecture, which are vital higher education goals nowadays. Architecture students and other majors studying together may also improve the future mutual understanding between architects and clients. Housing and living environments are so essential that various efforts are made to teach them to children. Still, primary and secondary school teachers need more time, experience, or confidence to teach such a vast and technical subject. Architecture professors and practitioners can take it over in higher education. To examine the feasibility of this proposal, the author gave a 100-min online experimental lecture on introductory architecture to 1600 first-year students in different majors and conducted a quantitative text analysis on post-learning evaluation. The result proves that practical topics such as safety and environmental preservation interested students regardless of the major. However, a questionnaire survey revealed that students are much less interested in their living environment than in food and clothing. We ought to think about how to make them aware of the importance of this subject.
Who is in?: Non-Living and Hybrid Constituents in More-Than-Living Ecosystem of the Studio
Authors: Büyüktopcu Erenalp , Şentürer Ayşe
Published: October 2024

This research text explores the miscellaneous roles of more-than-living (non-living and hybrid) constituents within the pedagogical universe of architectural studios, highlighting their progressive potential to transform educational practices towards more inclusive, emancipatory, and experimental directions. Through an in-depth analysis of diversified pedagogical experiments, from the Radical Pedagogies selection of the late 20th century to the contemporary approaches presented in the 2022 ABC-Architecture Beyond Capitalism School, the research illuminates how more-than-living constituents act as catalysts for new subjectivities and pedagogical methods. The research endeavors to reveal the transformative and progressive potential of more-than-living constituents through their contextual and performative actions in their political, spatial, and networked positions. Unlike the majority of studies on studio pedagogies that primarily focus on the power dynamics and hierarchical tendencies between participants/students and facilitators/instructors, this research underscores the overlooked significance of spatial arrangements, collective experiences, open-source strategies, and other factors. By integrating these constituents, the text aims for a pedagogical approach that embraces dissolved physical/mental boundaries and all modes of action, facilitates equitable power dynamics, fosters a critical engagement with pressing contemporary issues, opens up new avenues for critical-creative exploration, and promotes acts of resistance and resilience within the studio atmosphere.
Action Based Research for Capacity Building of Neighborhood Communities
Authors: Calciu Daniela , Marin Vera , Pavăl Oana
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to present action research experiences in Romanian context and reflection on possible contributions from architectural education to helping neighborhood communities. For the Bucharest team of ATU- Association for Urban Transition, the project entitled Urban Education Live - Innovative Urban Education in Live Settings (2018–2020) was about applying social mapping tools for helping a civic initiative group to define a common agenda that was presented to the local authorities as the first neighborhood development plan in Romania. A new project entitled CoNECT - Collective Networks for Everyday Community Resilience and Ecological Transition was initiated in 2022 and it is aiming to identify collaboration mechanisms among various stakeholders for helping grass-roots initiatives addressing transition challenges to have more visibility and impact. Both projects are implemented in the framework of the Urban Europe Joint Partnership Initiative as a research program demonstrating a solid concern for the social impact of research on communities. Research on connections between space and communities means testing ideas and tools coming from the training of built environment professionals and helping neighborhood communities and master students to work together on concrete objectives and formats. By doing so, architects and other professionals learn how to offer their support in building bridges between grass roots initiatives and decision-making processes since these formats are the ones used to plan and design interventions for transforming spaces.
Topological Deformability in Architecture, or How to Learn About Differences
Authors: Dragišić Maja
Published: October 2024

The main question of this paper is related to whether and in what way we understand the notion of topological deformability, which appears in numerous texts of architectural theory from the beginning of the 1990s until today. In general, the paper deals with the problem of the denotation of concepts from other scientific fields, and shows how the architectural discourse changes the meaning of a mathematical concept, determining it within its own discipline. The transition of the term topological deformability is set as an example of how architecture uses and improves its inherent interdisciplinary dimension, as well as an example of how the way we research in architecture could make a tangible social impact.

The first part of this paper will focus on introducing and analyzing the concept of topological deformability and its transition from mathematics to architectural theory.

In the second part, it will examine how, through different theoretical approaches, the term topological deformability influences the transformation of the thinking modality in architecture, and how it traces the narrow path through architectures’ knowledge toward the wider audience. Therefore, architecture’s dominant as an instrument of plural social reality will be emphasized. The research will show how the term topological deformability through architecture opened the way to changing the idea of otherness, leading to the essential acceptance of differences.
Architectural practice in the Digital Age: Balancing Adoption and Adaptation
Authors: Mance Damir
Published: October 2024

The digital age presents both challenges and opportunities for the architectural profession. Architects must navigate the integration of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and digital design tools while adapting to the evolving scope of their practice. This paper investigates the balance between adoption and adaptation in architectural practice, exploring strategies for architects to effectively engage with the digital landscape while maintaining the integrity of their profession. The outcomes of fully embracing new technologies and methodologies are contrasted with the approach of modifying existing practices to accommodate digital advancements, considering the implications for the architectural profession.

In addressing these issues, architectural education and research play crucial roles in preparing architects for the digital age by examining the relationship between design-based research, academic inquiry, and professional practice. This study investigates the advantages and challenges of digital technologies integration in design, decision-making, and resource allocation, as well as its influence on traditional professional boundaries and skillsets.

Drawing from an analysis of the current scope of architectural services, this study aims to provide architects (practicing and teaching) with a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and challenges that the digital age presents, enabling them to make well-informed decisions about the future of their practice.
Everyone Belongs to Everyone Else
Authors: Ardesio Giacomo , Bonizzoni Alessandro , Campri Nicola , Caprino Veronica , Mainardi Claudia
Published: October 2024

The scarcity of resources in a context of permanent crisis is not only an opportunity but also the only direction in which it makes sense to practice. In our view, there is a generation that has already accepted the challenge and is trying every day to develop antibodies to disillusionment. The Italian Pavilion at the 18th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia invited these practitioners to recognize themselves as a “movement.” Titled Spaziale, it referred to an expanded notion of the discipline where the built artifact was not seen as an ultimate goal but as one of the possible tools for intervening in the fabric of relationships between people and places. Nine practices were invited to collaborate with nine advisors – from other fields of creativity – in nine Italian territories representative of conditions of fragility or transformation, with the support of as many local interlocutors. Each intervention represented a chapter in an incomplete agenda of urgent research themes for the national context and for architecture: open questions, traceable to the scenario of transition – not only ecological – that we are facing in these years.
Assemblage and Rituals
Authors: Glorialanza Giovanni
Published: October 2024

False Mirror Office analyses its own architectural practice, exposing the connections between some of its recent projects, research activities and publications. The following text is based on the presentation led by Giovanni Glorialanza and Filippo Fanciotti (False Mirror Office).
Demolition(s) in Question: A Pedagogical Approach Case Study: Toulouse Le Mirail
Authors: Concheiro Guisan Isabel
Published: October 2024

The transformation of non-heritage protected mid-twentieth century European architecture, especially public housing, is a key contemporary issue that raises several architectural, environmental and social questions. While several examples show the potential for transformation, demolition is unfortunately still considered commonplace, leading not only to the loss of architectural heritage and affordable housing, but also to the destruction of communities built over decades. In this context, architects have an important role to play in proposing alternatives. Within the framework of architectural schools, and in addition to design-based strategies, it seems necessary to confront students as well with a critical analysis of complex demolition processes in theoretical courses. The course “Transformation Strategies” at the HEIA-FR proposes collective research aimed at questioning demolition processes, and at developing a sensitive approach and methodology to reveal architectural, environmental and social values as a basis for the transformation of mid-twentieth century architecture. The first case study aims to question the ongoing demolition process in the Toulouse Le Mirail district, designed by Candilis, Josić and Woods in the 1960s.
Soft limits of gluon and graviton correlators in Anti-de Sitter space
Authors: Chowdhury Chandramouli , Lipstein Arthur , Mei Jiajie , Mo Yuyu
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We derive formulae for the soft limit of tree-level gluon and graviton correlators in Anti-de Sitter space, which arise from Feynman diagrams encoding the Weinberg soft theorems in flat space. Other types of diagrams can also contribute to the soft limit at leading order in the soft momentum, but have a different pole structure. We derive these results at four points using explicit formulae recently obtained from the cosmological bootstrap and double copy, and extend them to any multiplicity using bootstrap techniques in Mellin-momentum space.
Non-spinning tops are stable
Authors: Bena Iosif , Di Russo Giorgio , Morales Jose Francisco , Ruipérez Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We consider coupled gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations of a family of five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell solutions that describes both magnetized black strings and horizonless topological stars. We find that the odd perturbations of this background lead to a master equation with five Fuchsian singularities and compute its quasinormal mode spectrum using three independent methods: Leaver, WKB and numerical integration. Our analysis confirms that odd perturbations always decay in time, while spherically symmetric even perturbations may exhibit for certain ranges of the magnetic fluxes instabilities of Gregory-Laflamme type for black strings and of Gross-Perry-Yaffe type for topological stars. This constitutes evidence that topological stars and black strings are classically stable in a finite domain of their parameter space.
Bulk-local dS3 holography: the matter with $$ T\overline{T} $$ + Λ2
Authors: Batra Gauri , De Luca G. Bruno , Silverstein Eva , Torroba Gonzalo , Yang Sungyeon
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We propose an algorithm which builds a concrete dual for large-radius 3d de Sitter with a timelike York boundary for both gravity and bulk effective fields. This generalizes the solvable $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 deformation, whose finite real spectrum accounts for the refined Gibbons-Hawking entropy as a microstate count while reproducing the radial static patch geometry. The required generalization to produce approximately local boundary conditions for bulk quantum fields requires a scheme for defining double-trace operators dual to deformed boundary conditions to realize the finite timelike boundary, valid at finite N. By starting with a small stint of a pure $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

trajectory, the theory becomes finite, enabling well-defined subtractions to define the double-trace deformation so as to match the large-N prescription of Hartman, Kruthoff, Shaghoulian, and Tajdini to good approximation. We incorporate the matter effecting an uplift from negative to positive cosmological constant, and analyze the effect of matter on the energy spectrum of the theory arising from time-dependent bulk excitations. This validates the cosmic horizon dS3 microstate count for large-radius dS3 holography, embedding $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 concretely into a larger theory consistent with bulk locality for matter fields. We comment briefly on potential upgrades to four dimensions and other future directions.
Integrability in gravity from Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Cole Lewis T. , Weck Peter
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a new perspective on integrability in theories of gravity. We show how the stationary, axisymmetric sector of General Relativity can be described by the boundary dynamics of a four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory. This approach shows promise for simplifying solution generating methods in both General Relativity and higher-dimensional supergravity theories. The four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory presented generalises those for flat space integrable models by introducing a space-time dependent branch cut in the spectral plane. We also make contact with twistor space approaches to integrability, showing how the branch cut defects of four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory arise from a discrete reduction of six-dimensional Chern-Simons theory.
Low energy limit from high energy expansion in mass gapped theory
Authors: Takaura Hiromasa
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We present a method to extract the low energy behavior of physical observables from their high energy expansions, systematically calculable via the operator product expansion (OPE), in asymptotically free and mass-gapped theories. By applying the inverse Laplace transform to correlation functions, their analytic structure is modified such that low-energy information connects with high energy expansions. Furthermore, this transformation alleviates the renormalon problem, enabling a more straightforward application of the OPE compared to the OPE before the transformation. We demonstrate that the low energy limit of correlation functions can be accurately extracted using the OPE in the two dimensional O(N) nonlinear σ model, serving as a first testing ground.
Prospect of measuring the top quark mass through energy correlators
Authors: Xiao Meng , Ye Yulei , Zhu Xinyu
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Reaching a high precision of the top quark mass is an important task of the Large Hadron Collider. We perform a feasibility study of measuring the top quark mass through the three-point energy correlator. The expected sensitivity of the top quark mass in the boosted regime is presented. We further introduce its application to the low top pT regime and demonstrate that both the W boson and the top quark masses could be extracted from this single observable. Compared to traditional observables, the energy correlator shows robustness to uncertainties that usually dominate experimental measurements and provides a promising way to improve experimental precision.