bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes Associated With a Five-Point Surgical Site Infection Prevention Bundle in Women Undergoing Surgery for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lippitt Melissa H. , Fairbairn Melissa Gerardi , Matsuno Rayna , Stone Rebecca L. , Tanner Edward J. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Angarita Ana C. , Long Roche Kara , Levinson Kimberly L. , Bergstrom Jennifer E. , Sinno Abdulrahman K. , Curless Melanie S. , Wethington Stephanie , Temkin Sarah M. , Efron Jonathan , Hobson Deborah , Fader Amanda N.
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To identify risk factors for surgical site infection and to define rates associated with cytoreductive surgery before and after implementation of an infection prevention bundle.

METHODS:

We conducted a prospective quality improvement study. Patients who underwent ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer cytoreductive surgery at an academic tertiary care center from April 2014 to April 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Patient demographics, surgical variables, and surgical site infection rates were compared with a historical cohort after introduction of a 5-point infection prevention bundle, including: 1) preoperative and intraoperative skin preparation with 4% chlorhexidine and intraoperative vaginal preparation with 4% chlorhexidine; 2) preoperative use of oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation; 3) appropriate timing of intraoperative antibiotics; 4) adoption of enhanced sterile surgical techniques for colon procedures and incisional closure; and 5) perioperative incision management.

RESULTS:

During the study period, 219 women underwent surgery: 91 prebundle and 128 treated in the postbundle period. Stage, body mass index, proportion of patients undergoing colon or upper abdominal surgery, and estimated blood loss were not different between the cohorts. Overall, the surgical site infection rate prebundle was 18 (20%); this was reduced to four (3%) postbundle (odds ratio [OR] 0.13, 95% CI 0.037–0.53; P<.001). Patients who underwent a colon resection prebundle had an infection rate of 14 (33%) compared with three (7%) in the postbundle group (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.037–0.53; P<.001). Additionally, rates of surgical site infection–related hospital readmission were also lower in the postbundle (4/128 [3%]) compared with the prebundle group (12/91 [13%]; P=.005).

CONCLUSION:

Infection is common after ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery. Implementation of a 5-point surgical site infection prevention bundle in women undergoing ovarian cancer operations was associated with dramatically decreased infection rates and lower hospital readmission rates.
Interactive Pelvic Anatomy Model
Authors: Advolodkina Polina , Chahine E. Britton
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:

A knowledge deficit of pelvic anatomy has been noted in obstetrics and gynecology residents. In this article, we introduce an innovative anatomic model that uses readily accessible and reusable materials to simulate and teach anatomic relationships in the female pelvis.

INSTRUMENT:

Our anatomic model is a reusable and cost-effective modification of an existing pelvic model. We used felt fabric pieces with hook-and-loop fasteners to simulate the pelvic floor, perineum, and surrounding musculature as they attach to corresponding sites on a standard bony pelvis. Our design incorporates the relationship of the ureter and major blood vessels in the pelvis by using yarn and ribbon. By allowing the student to build the anatomy of the pelvis piece by piece, the model provides the student a hands-on illustration of anatomic relationships in three dimensions.

EXPERIENCE:

At our institution, both learners and faculty have positively evaluated our model. We have used it to teach residents and fourth-year medical students surgically relevant anatomy. It is currently being evaluated as an addition to standard anatomy lectures in medical student clerkships.

CONCLUSION:

Our model introduces an innovative design that uses inexpensive and reusable materials. Residents, faculty, and student learners at our institution have positively received the model.
Inpatient Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Moniz Michelle H. , Spector-Bagdady Kayte , Heisler Michele , Harris Lisa Hope
Published: September 2017

Inpatient insertion of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) (intrauterine devices and implants) is increasingly offered to women immediately after childbirth. Enthusiasm for this approach stems from robust safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness data and responsiveness to women's needs and preferences. Although clinical evidence for immediate postpartum LARC is well-established, the ethical implications of enhancing access to this care have not been fully considered. Contraceptive policies and practices often embody a tension between fostering liberal availability and potentially coercive promotion of some methods. Historical contraceptive policies and contemporary disparities in LARC use point to the need to consider whether health policies and health care practices support all women's reproductive wishes. Immediate postpartum LARC services need to be designed and implemented with the goal of ensuring autonomy and equity in postpartum contraceptive care. To this end, these services should include strategic plans to promote universal availability, prevent coercion, and enable device removal.
Improving Emotion Regulation Following Web-Based Group Intervention for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tsaousides Theodore , Spielman Lisa , Kajankova Maria , Guetta Gabrielle , Gordon Wayne , Dams-O'Connor Kristen
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of a Web-based group intervention (Online EmReg) to improve emotion regulation (ER) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design:

Pre-/post-within-subject design with baseline, end-of-treatment, and 12-week follow-up assessments.

Participants:

Ninety-one individuals with TBI and deficits in ER.

Intervention:

Twenty-four sessions of training in ER skills delivered by group videoconference.

Measures:

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Problem Solving Inventory (PSI), Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised: Short Form (SPSI-R:S), and Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX).

Results:

Significant changes with large effect sizes were found for the DERS at the 12-week follow-up assessment. Significant and moderate changes were found on the SWLS, DEX, PSI, and subscales of the PANAS and SPSI-R:S.

Conclusions:

Online EmReg appears to be a promising method of delivering a group intervention to improve ER following TBI.
Hearing Outcome With the Use of Glass Ionomer Cement as an Alternative to Crimping in Stapedotomy
Authors: Elzayat Saad , Younes Ahmed , Fouad Ayman , Erfan Fatthe , Mahrous Ali
Published: September 2017

Objective:

To evaluate early hearing outcomes using glass ionomer cement to fix the Teflon piston prosthesis onto the long process of incus to minimize residual conductive hearing loss after stapedotomy.

Study Design:

Original report of prospective randomized control study.

Setting:

Tertiary referral center.

Patients:

A total of 80 consecutive patients with otosclerosis were randomized into two groups. Group A is a control group in which 40 patients underwent small fenestra stapedotomy using the classic technique. Group B included 40 patients who were subjected to small fenestra stapedotomy with fixation of the incus-prosthesis junction with glass ionomer bone cement.

Interventions:

Stapedotomy with the classical technique in group A and the alternative technique in group B.

Primary Outcome Measure:

The audiometric results before and after surgery.

Results:

Analysis of the results was performed using the paired t test to compare between pre and postoperative results. χ
2 test was used to compare the results of the two groups. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant from the statistical standpoint. Significant postoperative improvement of both pure-tone air conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps were reported in the two studied groups. The postoperative average residual air-bone gap and hearing gain were statistically significant in group B (p < 0.05) compared with group A.

Conclusion:

The use of glass ionomer bone cement in primary otosclerosis surgery using the aforementioned prosthesis and the surgical technique is of significant value in producing maximal closure of the air-bone gap and better audiological outcomes.
Pylorus Resection Does Not Reduce Delayed Gastric Emptying After Partial Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Hackert Thilo , Probst Pascal , Knebel Phillip , Doerr-Harim Colette , Bruckner Thomas , Klaiber Ulla , Werner Jens , Schneider Lutz , Michalski Christoph W. , Strobel Oliver , Ulrich Alexis , Diener Markus K. , Büchler Markus W.
Published: September 2017

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pylorus resection on postoperative delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after partial pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Background:

PD is the standard treatment for tumors of the pancreatic head. Preservation of the pylorus has been widely accepted as standard procedure. DGE is a common complication causing impaired oral intake, prolonged hospital stay, and postponed further treatment. Recently, pylorus resection has been shown to reduce DGE.

Methods:

Patients undergoing PD for any indication at the University of Heidelberg were randomized to either PD with pylorus preservation (PP) or PD with pylorus resection and complete stomach preservation (PR). The primary endpoint was DGE within 30 days according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition.

Results:

Ninety-five patients were randomized to PP and 93 patients to PR. There were no baseline imbalances between the groups. Overall, 53 of 188 patients (28.2%) developed a DGE (grade: A 15.5%; B 8.8%; C 3.3%). In the PP group 24 of 95 patients (25.3%) and in the PR group 29 of 93 patients (31.2%) developed DGE (odds ratio 1.534, 95% confidence interval 0.788 to 2.987; P = 0.208). Higher BMI, indigestion, and intraabdominal major complications were significant risk factors for DGE.

Conclusions:

In this randomized controlled trial, pylorus resection during PD did not reduce the incidence or severity of DGE. The development of DGE seems to be multifactorial rather than attributable to pyloric dysfunction alone. Pylorus preservation should therefore remain the standard of care in PD.

Trial Registration:

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00004191
Explaining opposition to refugee resettlement: The role of NIMBYism and perceived threats
Authors: Ferwerda Jeremy , Flynn D.J. , Horiuchi Yusaku
Published: September 2017

Support for refugee resettlement declines when citizens consider resettlement within their communities or face threatening frames.
The balance between immunity and inflammation
Authors: Wiesner Darin L. , Klein Bruce S.
Published: September 2017

Lung immunity is calibrated to protect from inhaled pathogens and avoid inflammation
Single-cell nuclei rise from the dead
Authors: King Kevin R.
Published: September 2017

High throughput, single-cell transcriptomic profiling can rapidly profile frozen mouse and human tissues.
Effect of Phosphorylation of CM2 Protein on Influenza C Virus Replication
Authors: Goto Takanari , Shimotai Yoshitaka , Matsuzaki Yoko , Muraki Yasushi , Sho Ri , Sugawara Kanetsu , Hongo Seiji
Published: September 2017

CM2 is the second membrane protein of the influenza C virus and has been demonstrated to play a role in the uncoating and genome packaging processes in influenza C virus replication. Although the effects of N-linked glycosylation, disulfide-linked oligomerization, and palmitoylation of CM2 on virus replication have been analyzed, the effect of the phosphorylation of CM2 on virus replication remains to be determined. In this study, a phosphorylation site(s) at residue 78 and/or 103 of CM2 was replaced with an alanine residue(s), and the effects of the loss of phosphorylation on influenza C virus replication were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the packaging of the reporter gene between influenza C virus-like particles (VLPs) produced from 293T cells expressing wild-type CM2 and those from the cells expressing the CM2 mutants lacking the phosphorylation site(s). Reporter gene expression in HMV-II cells infected with VLPs containing the CM2 mutants was inhibited in comparison with that in cells infected with wild-type VLPs. The virus production of the recombinant influenza C virus possessing CM2 mutants containing a serine-to-alanine change at residue 78 was significantly lower than that of wild-type recombinant influenza C virus. Furthermore, the virus growth of the recombinant viruses possessing CM2 with a serine-to-aspartic acid change at position 78, to mimic constitutive phosphorylation, was virtually identical to that of the wild-type virus. These results suggest that phosphorylation of CM2 plays a role in efficient virus replication, probably through the addition of a negative charge to the Ser78 phosphorylation site.

IMPORTANCE
It is well-known that many host and viral proteins are posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, which plays a role in the functions of these proteins. In influenza A and B viruses, phosphorylation of viral proteins NP, M1, NS1, and the nuclear export protein (NEP), which are not integrated into the membranes, affects the functions of these proteins, thereby affecting virus replication. However, it was reported that phosphorylation of the influenza A virus M2 ion channel protein, which is integrated into the membrane, has no effect on virus replication
in vitro
or
in vivo
. We previously demonstrated that the influenza C virus CM2 ion channel protein is modified by N-glycosylation, oligomerization, palmitoylation, and phosphorylation and have analyzed the effects of these modifications, except phosphorylation, on virus replication. This is the first report demonstrating that phosphorylation of the influenza C virus CM2 ion channel protein, unlike that of the influenza A virus M2 protein, plays a role in virus replication.
A life with horses
Authors: Jacklin Ben
Published: September 2017

Ben Jacklin is equine director and consultant veterinary surgeon at CVS UK. He is a diplomate of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons and an RCVS and ECVS Specialist in equine surgery
On course
Authors: Carslake Harry
Published: September 2017

Harry Carslake, equine medicine specialist at the Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, Liverpool, reviews a fiveday course on advanced cardiac ultrasound scanning that he completed recently.
New global atomic mass formulas
Authors: Collis William J. M. F.
Published: September 2017

We illustrate the improved empirical methods of estimating atomic masses using Garvey–Kelson like local relations and global equations using generic point functions.
Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities
Authors: Baniata Mohammad , Hong Jiman
Published: September 2017

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.
Cardioprotective Exercise and Pharmacologic Interventions as Complementary Antidotes to Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Quindry John C. , Franklin Barry A.
Published: September 2017

Exercise and pharmacologic therapies to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease have advanced largely through independent efforts. Understanding of first-line drug therapies, findings from preclinical animal studies, and the need for research initiatives related to complementary cardioprotective exercise-pharma interventions are reviewed from the premise that contemporary cardioprotective therapies must include adjunctive exercise and lifestyle interventions in addition to pharmacologic agents.
Perceptions and development needs of assistant practitioners supporting individuals with dementia
Authors: Hardie Debra , Smith Joanne
Published: September 2017

In the UK there are an estimated 850 000 people living with dementia. The condition costs the NHS £26 billion each year and it is estimated that this amount will treble over the next 30 years. Thus, there is a need for health and social care staff to be increasingly competent in the delivery of care to those living with dementia. The education of staff will improve knowledge and build capability to support and care for individuals with dementia. This research involved 44 assistant practitioners who shared opinions about their preparation for practice in dementia care. Focus groups and questionnaires were used to collect data that were then thematically analysed. The research also considered the assistant practitioner role in relation to workforce development. Key themes were ‘training, awareness and knowledge associated with dementia care’ and ‘the perceptions of the assistant practitioner regarding confidence to support individuals with dementia’. There was role and responsibility protection from staff, for example, doctors and nurses were reluctant to delegate duties to the assistant practitioner. Participants' commentary indicated, however, that they were competent to support service users with dementia, although there were gaps in their experiences. The case study demonstrated the positive achievement of partnership working between a higher education institution and the workplace, which supported the assistant practitioners' learning and development.
Limits to consent to care and treatment
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: September 2017

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers the requirements for a valid consent and the limits to that consent in light of a case of a surgeon jailed for performing unnecessary operations
Comparing the effectiveness and wash-off resistance of skin barrier creams: a healthy volunteer study
Authors: Dykes P. , Bradbury S.
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Preventing moisture damage and breakdown of the skin can be a particular challenge for patients with incontinence. The level of protection offered by various skin protectant products can vary according to the chemical nature of the formulation and can decrease following wash procedures. The aim of this study was to compare five silicone-containing skin barrier creams indicated for use on incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in terms of their resistance to a standardised wash cycle in healthy volunteer subjects.

Method:

A skin surface hygrometer (Skicon 200EX) evaluated skin surface conduction non-invasively on 36 non-patient subjects using a high-frequency (3.5MHz) electric current. This provided an index of the degree of protection given by barrier products after a single application and also any reduction in barrier properties after a repeated wash procedure.

Results:

Medi Derma-S barrier cream (MDS), Cavilon barrier cream (CBC) and LBF barrier cream (LBF) all demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in the Skicon values following the first moisture challenge compared with Medihoney (MH), Remedy barrier cream (RBC) and the untreated control. All other comparisons were not significant (p>0.05). Statistical analysis following four moisture challenges reflected the results following the first, whereby Skicon values following treatment with MDS, CBC and LBF was significantly different compared with MH, RBC and the untreated control. Again, all other comparisons were not significant (p>0.05). When expressed as percentage barrier effectiveness, the results show a similar pattern to the absolute Skicon values.

Conclusion:

The results of this study show that there were differences between the barrier creams in terms of the initial moisture challenge and the resistance to wash-off following a repeated standardised wash procedure. It was concluded that MDS, CBC and LBF barrier cream all showed significant and equally effective moisture barrier protection and wash-off resistance.
The impact of defamilisation measures on genderand pensions: a comparison between the UK and seven other European countries
Authors: Foster Liam , Chau Ruby , Yu Sam
Published: September 2017

This article uses individual-based and state-led care-focused defamilisation indices to explore women's employment opportunities and experiences and their implications for pension contributions. These two types of defamilisation indices are applied to eight European countries (Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK) which shows that the UK has less generous defamilisation measures than its European counterparts. It indicates that the use of defamilisation measures along with pension policies which are not based on the male breadwinner ideology have the capacity to moderate economic inequalities between men and women in older age.
CONFLICTS AND SEGREGATION OF HOUSING CLUSTER COMMUNITIES AND ITS SURROUNDING
Authors: Yandri Pitri
Published: September 2017

Since it was first studied by Leicsh (2002), the phenomenon of housing cluster in Indonesia has changed significantly. Fourteen years have changed everything, and these changes are caused by local governments. Now, developers are more inclined and prefer to build a housing cluster, and tragically it is located in the middle of local neighborhoods. In this case, gated communities are more apparent than fourteen years ago. Through the Mann Whitney U test, it turns out that there is dissimilarity among people in the housing cluster with people in the local neighborhood, and it has even shown a confrontational conflict. The issues of the conflict revolve around conflict of interest, access-to and use-off the road. At the same time, people in the housing cluster and local neighborhood are segregated. Segregation in Indonesia occurs in both areas with different tension. However, voluntary and involuntary segregation could not fully answer the case of residential segregation in the suburb of this country. Hence, segregation is created not because of the preferences of people in both areas, but y and for an economic and social system of development policy. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper demonstrates the emergence of new patterns of residential segregation, namely systemic spatial segregation.Keywords: Housing, Gated Communities, Housing Cluster, Segregation, Systemic Spatial Segregation
KEMITRAAN DI SEKTOR PERIKANAN TANGKAP: STRATEGI UNTUK KELANGSUNGAN USAHA DAN PEKERJAAN
Authors: Asiati Devi , Nawawi NFN
Published: September 2017

Partnership and empowerment development of fishermen community is one way that can be taken to ensure the continuity of business and employment in the fishery sector. This attempt also promotes the improvement of social and economic condition of fishermen community through income enhancement and property alleviation, reduces fisherman’s dependency on traditional capital institution, and achieves more equitable and sustainable development. This paper aims to review the concept of partnership and empowerment of workers in the fishery sector and to analyze alternative policy strategies of fishermen’s partnership and employment through strengthening the internal aspect (institutional approach) and the external aspects (infrastructure and capacity support). The analyzed data derived from field research in Tegal and Cilacap, Central Java in 2013 and 2014. This paper confirms that the synergy between the government, fishermen, and business has a very important role in supporting the successful implementation of the partnership program and the empowerment of fishermen. Furthermore, it is important to establish and improve capabilities of fishermen group in local level, to supervise and monitor the implementation of activities involving all fisheries’ stakeholders, and to establish strategic polices that support fishermen’s autonomy in fisheries equipment ownership, the business capital, marketing network, and production process.
Bias-aware sketches
Authors: Chen Jiecao , Zhang Qin
Published: September 2017

Linear sketching algorithms have been widely used for processing large-scale distributed and streaming datasets. Their popularity is largely due to the fact that linear sketches can be naturally composed in the distributed model and be efficiently updated in the streaming model. The errors of linear sketches are typically expressed in terms of the sum of coordinates of the input vector excluding those largest ones, or, the mass on the tail of the vector. Thus, the precondition for these algorithms to perform well is that the mass on the tail is small, which is, however, not always the case - in many real-world datasets the coordinates of the input vector have a
bias
, which will generate a large mass on the tail.

In this paper we propose linear sketches that are
bias- aware
. We rigorously prove that they achieve strictly better error guarantees than the corresponding existing sketches, and demonstrate their practicality and superiority via an extensive experimental evaluation on both real and synthetic datasets.
Comparative evaluation of big-data systems on scientific image analytics workloads
Authors: Mehta Parmita , Dorkenwald Sven , Zhao Dongfang , Kaftan Tomer , Cheung Alvin , Balazinska Magdalena , Rokem Ariel , Connolly Andrew , Vanderplas Jacob , AlSayyad Yusra
Published: September 2017

Scientific discoveries are increasingly driven by analyzing large volumes of image data. Many new libraries and specialized database management systems (DBMSs) have emerged to support such tasks. It is unclear how well these systems support real-world image analysis use cases, and how performant the image analytics tasks implemented on top of such systems are. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive evaluation of large-scale image analysis systems using two real-world scientific image data processing use cases. We evaluate five representative systems (SciDB, Myria, Spark, Dask, and TensorFlow) and find that each of them has shortcomings that complicate implementation or hurt performance. Such shortcomings lead to new research opportunities in making large-scale image analysis both efficient and easy to use.
Reconciling skyline and ranking queries
Authors: Ciaccia Paolo , Martinenghi Davide
Published: September 2017

Traditionally, skyline and ranking queries have been treated separately as alternative ways of discovering interesting data in potentially large datasets. While ranking queries adopt a specific scoring function to rank tuples, skyline queries return the set of non-dominated tuples and are independent of attribute scales and scoring functions. Ranking queries are thus less general, but usually cheaper to compute and widely used in data management systems.

We propose a framework to seamlessly integrate these two approaches by introducing the notion of restricted skyline queries (R-skylines). We propose R-skyline operators that generalize both skyline and ranking queries by applying the notion of dominance to a set of scoring functions of interest. Such sets can be characterized, e.g., by imposing constraints on the function's parameters, such as the weights in a linear scoring function. We discuss the formal properties of these new operators, show how to implement them efficiently, and evaluate them on both synthetic and real datasets.
State management in Apache Flink®
Authors: Carbone Paris , Ewen Stephan , Fóra Gyula , Haridi Seif , Richter Stefan , Tzoumas Kostas
Published: September 2017

Stream processors are emerging in industry as an apparatus that drives analytical but also mission critical services handling the core of persistent application logic. Thus, apart from scalability and low-latency, a rising system need is first-class support for application state together with strong consistency guarantees, and adaptivity to cluster reconfigurations, software patches and partial failures. Although prior systems research has addressed some of these specific problems, the practical challenge lies on how such guarantees can be materialized in a transparent, non-intrusive manner that relieves the user from unnecessary constraints. Such needs served as the main design principles of state management in Apache Flink, an open source, scalable stream processor.

We present Flink's core pipelined, in-flight mechanism which guarantees the creation of lightweight, consistent, distributed snapshots of application state, progressively, without impacting continuous execution. Consistent snapshots cover all needs for system reconfiguration, fault tolerance and version management through coarse grained rollback recovery. Application state is declared explicitly to the system, allowing efficient partitioning and transparent commits to persistent storage. We further present Flink's backend implementations and mechanisms for high availability, external state queries and output commit. Finally, we demonstrate how these mechanisms behave in practice with metrics and large-deployment insights exhibiting the low performance trade-offs of our approach and the general benefits of exploiting asynchrony in continuous, yet sustainable system deployments.
Relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinical characteristics in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Lou Jian , Zhou Yuefen , Huang Jianhui , Qian Xiaojun
Published: September 2017

Objective

To evaluate the expression of PD-L1 (programmed death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1) and its clinical significance in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

Methods

Tumor samples were collected from 64 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma patients, and tumor adjacent normal breast tissue were obtained as normal control. The expression of PD-L1 were examined by immunohistochemical staining and real time PCR assay, its correlations with patients’ clinical pathological characteristics were analyzed.

Results

PD-L1 was found to be over-expressed in 24 of 64 (37.5%) breast invasive ductal carcinoma samples, while in 1 of 22 (4.5%) tumor adjacent normal breast tissue which indicated PD-L1 was higher expressed in breast invasive ductal carcinoma samples than the tumor adjacent normal breast tissue (P < 0.05). PD-L1 positive expression was associated with clinical pathological characteristics of TNM stage and pathology grading (P < 0.05). However, PD-L1 positive expression was not correlated with age (P > 0.05), menstruation status (P >0.05), family history of breast cancer (P > 0.05), tumor diameter (P > 0.05), lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05) and tumor location (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

PD-L1 may play an important role in invasive ductal carcinoma, which could be a potential indicator for advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis.
PENGGUNAAN PAKAN PREMATURASI UNTUK PENINGKATAN PERKEMBANGAN GONAD PADA CALON INDUK IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsskal)
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Giri I Nyoman Adiasmara , Setiadharma Tony , Andamari Retno , Andriyanto Wawan , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya
Published: September 2017

Ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos Forsskal) merupakan jenis ikan laut yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis dan komoditas unggulan perikanan. Untuk menanggulangi kendala kualitas benih bandeng yang kurang baik maka perlu disiapkan induk bandeng berkualitas baik dengan melakukan seleksi, serta pemberian pakan berkualitas baik, khususnya pakan untuk mendukung perkembangan organ reproduksi atau pakan prematurasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan informasi tentang penggunaan pakan prematurasi untuk perkembangan gonad calon induk dan keragaan reproduksi ikan bandeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 ekor calon induk ikan bandeng berumur tiga tahun dengan bobot rata-rata 1,9 ± 0,25 kg. Ikan dipelihara dalam dua buah bak beton kapasitas 100 m3 dan masing-masing diberi pakan prematurasi yang merupakan pakan komersial yang diperkaya dengan dua jenis formulasi bahan pengkaya yang berbeda. Pakan diberikan sebanyak 3,0% dari total biomassa ikan per hari. Masing-masing bak dilengkapi dengan aerasi dan sistem air mengalir dengan pergantian air mencapai 200%-300% per hari. Parameter yangdiamati adalah perkembangan oosit, sperma, dan kematangan gonad, serta pemijahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan prematurasi memacu perkembangan dan kematangan gonad dengan baik. Pada grup calon induk yang diberi pakan prematurasi B diperoleh tiga ekor induk betina mengalami perkembangan oosit tingkat large vitelogenesis (diameter > 500 μm) dan kematangan sperma induk jantan sebanyak 15 ekor. Pada grup calon induk yang diberi pakan premeturasi A terdapat satu ekor induk betina mengalami perkembangan oosit tingkat small vitelogenesis (diameter < 300 μm) dan kematangan sperma jantan dua ekor.
EFIKASI VAKSIN IN-AKTIF BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila-AHL0905-2 (HYDROVAC) dan Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G (STREPTOVAC) UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT BAKTERIAL PADA IKAN BUDIDAYA AIR TAWAR
Authors: Taukhid Taukhid , Purwaningsih Uni , Sugiani Desy , Sumiati Tuti , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana
Published: September 2017

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan vaksin hydrovac dan streptovac untuk pencegahan penyakit bakterial, motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) dan streptococcosis pada beberapa jenis ikan budidaya air tawar. Pengujian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dan lapang. Jenis ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan lele, nila, dan gurami. Vaksinasi ikan dilakukan melalui teknik perendaman dengan dosis dan periode sesuai instruksi penggunaan yang tertera pada label produk kedua jenis vaksin tersebut. Efektivitas vaksin dievaluasi berdasarkan pendekatan nilai persen sintasan dan selanjutnya dihitung nilai relative percentage survival (RPS). Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai RPS vaksin hydrovac pada skala laboratorium pada ikan lele, nila, dan gurami masing-masing sebesar 85,45%; 65,78%; dan 52,28%. Nilai RPS yang dicapai oleh vaksin streptovac terhadap ikan nila sebesar 54,53%. Sementara, nilai RPS vaksin hydrovac pada skala lapang untuk jenis ikan lele, nila, dan gurami masing-masing 70,15%; 52,43%; dan 42,43%; sedangkan nilai RPS yang dicapai oleh vaksin streptovac adalah 40,41%.
PEMANFAATAN BUBUK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN STATUS KESEHATAN IKAN NILA GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hamsah Hamsah , Muskita Wellem H.
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas bubuk daun sirih yang dicampur dalam pakan (pelet) untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan ikan nila Gift dengan mengukur nilai hematokrit dan jumlah leukosit. Pengukuran nilai hematokrit dan jumlah leukosit darah ikan nila Gift dilakukan setelah ikan uji diberi pakan yang telah dicampur bubuk daun sirih (0,2 g/100 g pakan; 0,3 g/100 g pakan; 0,4 g/100 g pakan) selama 4 minggu masa pemeliharaan. Sedang ikan kontrol selama masa pemeliharaan diberi pakan pelet yang tidak dicampur bubuk daun sirih. Nilai hematokrit dan jumlah leukosit ikan nila Gift diukur setiap minggu dengan cara mengambil darah pada bagian vena caudal (ekor) ikan uji. Pengambilan darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan jarum suntik steril yang berukuran 26G, yang terlebih dahulu dibasahi Na-Sitrat 3,8% sebagai antikoagulan. Selanjutnya, darah yang telah diambil ditampung dalam tabung eppendorf yang juga telah dibasahi Na-Sitrat, kemudian dipreparasi lalu diukur nilai hematokrit dan jumlah leukositnya. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa nilai hematokrit ikan nila Gift yang diberi pakan yang dicampur bubuk daun sirih mengalami peningkatan berkisar dari 17% (minggu I) menjadi 28,66% (minggu IV), jumlah leukositnya meningkat dari 28,243 sel/mm3 (minggu I) menjadi 32,813 sel/mm3 (minggu IV). Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bubuk daun sirih dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan status kesehatan ikan nila Gift
PROFIL PEMIJAHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN MORFOLOGI LARVA DAN YUWANA IKAN CLOWN HITAM (Amphiprion percula)
Authors: Kusumawati Daniar , Setiawati Ketut Maha
Published: September 2017

Amphiprion percula (ikan clown hitam atau clown Biak) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan hias laut yang umumnya ditangkap untuk tujuan komersial. Di samping itu, indikasi menurunnya jumlah ikan clown hitam disebabkan oleh kematian secara alami di alam sebesar 75% akibat tingkat agresivitas ikan clown hitam dalam mempertahankan wilayahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil pemijahan dan perkembangan morfologi larva dan yuwana ikan clown hitam. 10 pasang koleksi induk diperoleh dari Biak. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 1 tahun yang meliputi pengamatan reproduksi biologis dan aspek morfologi dan perkembangan larva dan yuwana ikan clown hitam. Berdasarkan pengamatan diketahui bahwa 70% dari populasi induk ikan clown hitam telah berhasil bertelur dengan periode pemijahan 9-30 hari. Jumlah produksi telur yang diperoleh 25 hingga 2.244 butir. Jumlah telur dengan bobot induk betina berkorelasi positif. Masa inkubasi telur terjadi selama 6 hingga 7 hari. Sesaat setelah menetas, larva (D0) dapat mengkonsumsi rotifer. Artemia dan pakan pelet yang diberikan mulai dari D6 dan D17. Periode perkembangan larva sangat singkat yaitu 17 hari. Selama pengamatan ikan clown hitam menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang relatif lambat
基于海绵城市理念下的透水性铺装材料分析
Authors: 郭 忱
Published: September 2017

海绵城市建设与透水性铺装具有重要关系，对于透水性铺装的合理利用，能够减轻很多地区水资源短缺问题。其中透水性铺装材料可以分为透水性混凝土材料、陶瓷透水砖、自然型透水材料等，其在海绵城市建设中的应用可以有效缓解城市内涝、削减城市径流污染负荷、节约水资源、保护和改善城市生态环境，因此为了充分发挥透水性铺装材料在海绵城市中的作用，本文概述了海绵城市，阐述了透水性铺装路面结构及其透水性铺装材料类型，对基于海绵城市理念下的透水性铺装材料功能及其意义进行了探讨分析，旨在促进城市建设的可持续发展。
探论建设项目施工现场管理问题与办法
Authors: 徐 军民
Published: September 2017

建设项目的质量与施工现场管理水平有着重要的关系，提高现场管理水平对保障工程项目的最终质量具有重要意义。本文对当前建设项目施工现场管理中存在的不足进行了分析，并在此基础上提出了改进措施。
浅谈深化农村生态环境保护工作
Authors: 黄 昊
Published: September 2017

科学发展观总结了我国改革开放和现代化建设的成功经验，揭示了经济社会发展的客观规律，反映了我们党对发展问题的新认识。树立和落实科学发展观，与生态环境保护有着密切的内在联系。目前，如何把科学发展观落实到农村生态环境保护中，是一个非常重要而紧迫的课题。
和静县山洪灾害特征及现状分析
Authors: 王 娜 , 朱 秀群
Published: September 2017

本文介绍了和静县山洪灾害的特征，通过对和静县山洪灾害状况的调查分析出存在的为，并针对问题提出了主要应对措施，以期为和静县山洪防治工作提供借鉴。
Pola Asuh Anak dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Padjrin Padjrin
Published: September 2017

Orang tua dalam keluarga memiliki peran dan tanggung jawab terhadap anaknya. Setiap orang tua ingin mempunyai anak yang berkepribadian akhlak mulai atau yang saleh. Untuk mencapai keinginan tersebut, orang tua diharapkan untuk mengoptimalkan peran dan tanggung jawab sebagai orang tua terhadap anaknya. Mengasuh dan mendidik anak yang dilakukan orang tua dengan berbagai macam pola asuh seperti demokratis; otoriter; permisif; dan penelantar (acuh tak acuh). Pola asuh yang menjadi sorotan saat ini adalah pola asuh otoriter yang identik dengan tanpa kasih sayang, kekerasan, mengengkang anak, dan memaksa. Pola ini akan menjadikan batin anak tersiksa, krisis kepercayaan, potensinya tidak berkembang secara optimal, hingga mengalami trauma dan sebagainya. Pola asuh seperti ini sangat bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam yang mengawali konsep kasih sayang dalam mendidik anak. Islam sebagai agama solutif terhadap permasalahan yang terjadi dalam keluarga tentang bagaimana mendidik anak sesuai dengan usia dan masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Pola asuh ini telah dipraktikkan oleh Rasulullah Saw. Adapun pola asuh tersebut, yaitu: membimbing cara belajar sambil bermain pada jenjang usia 0-7 tahun; menanamkan sopan santun dan disiplin pada jenjang usia 7-14 tahun; dan ajaklah bertukar pikiran pada jenjang usia 14-21 tahun, dan sesudah itu lepaskan mereka untuk mandiri.
Consensus for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems with Directed Network Topologies
Authors: Zhu Meiling , Xu Yong , Zhao Rui
Published: September 2017

In this paper, the consensus problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems composed of first-order and second-order agents is investigated with directed network topologies. Based on a system transformation method, this consensus problem is turned into a consensus problem for homogeneous multi-agent systems. With certain assumption on the control parameters, firstly, necessary and sufficient condition for consensus is proposed with fixed topology. Secondly, sufficient condition is proposed for heterogeneous multi-agent systems to achieve consensus with switching topologies. Finally, simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Constructing the Antichrist as Superstar: Marilyn Manson and the Mechanics of Eschatological Narrative
Authors: Osborne Patrick William
Published: September 2017

This article examines the moral crusade against Marilyn Manson’s Antichrist Superstar, the various sign-vehicles that contributed to his persona, and the social construction of a folk devil. By fashioning his persona using previous claims concerning Satan’s influence in society - primarily, those employed during the 1980s Satanism scare - Manson ensured that Antichrist Superstar would incite panic as moral crusaders interpreted his pseudo-ostensive actions using collective memories and explanatory millenarianism. He achieved this aim by attacking middle-class Christian ideologies and connecting his persona to previous social problems and cultural scripts to delineate his deviant character. The pseudo-ostensive characteristics of Manson’s stage performances and blasphemous lyrics grant creditability to traditional folk beliefs concerning Satan’s influence in rock music therefore allowing conservative groups to interpret his persona using pre-existing rumours and narratives. By presenting himself as the Antichrist, Manson became a social problem for fundamentalist Christianity: a reiterated moral panic greatly blown out of proportion, and produced using traditional exaggerations and deviant stereotypes in a collective attempt to construct a folk devil. Because Manson’s image and lyrics are meticulously fashioned from various cultural symbols concerning evil and the Antichrist, he encourages his own demonization by enticing his audience to employ explanatory millenarianism and the knowledge of previous cultural scripts to interpret the traditional representations of evil he dangles before them.
The risk management practices in the manufacturing SMEs in Cape Town
Authors: Mbuyiselo Sifumba Clinton , Boitshoko Mothibi Kevin , Ezeonwuka Anthony , Qeke Siphesande , Lucia Matsoso Mamorena
Published: September 2017

Risk management is one of the prominent issues which are pivotal to the success of a business and may adversely affect profitability if not properly practised. Therefore, the main objective of this paper was to determine risk management practices in manufacturing SMEs in Cape Town. The research conducted was quantitative in nature and constituted the collection of data from 74 SME leaders, all of whom had to adhere to a list of strict delineation criteria. All data collected were thoroughly analyzed through means of descriptive statistics. From the findings made, it is clear that SMEs in the manufacturing sector do in fact understand risk management initiatives applicable to ‘manage’ their respective businesses towards sustainability, but not to a large extent. It was found that respondents are unaware of the elements which make risk management effective, which ultimately aids to the development of problems for SMEs. All employees, managers and owners must coordinate their efforts together to identify and manage organizational risks within their ambit to obtain total risk coverage, as well as provide assurance that these risks are effectively managed from a coordinated approach. Further studies may be carried out to identify measures that can be taken to improve the effectiveness of risk management practices in SMEs.
Challenges faced by franchise entrepreneurs operating in a volatile business environment: a case of the fast food industry in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Shumba Knowledge , Zindiye Stanislous , Donga Gift
Published: September 2017

Franchising plays a pivotal role in sustainable economic development through employment creation, improving the standards of living and increasing the growth of entrepreneurship worldwide. However, the volatile business environment in Zimbabwe has a negative impact on the growth of franchising in the fast food industry. The aim of the study was to uncover the challenges of franchising in a volatile business environment in Zimbabwe. The study focused on an under studied area of franchising in the fast food industry of Zimbabwe. The study is important, as franchising can be used as a tool for economic growth and the study breaks a new ground, as no similar studies have been conducted to identify the challenges faced by franchise entrepreneurs in a volatile business environment. Ten qualitative interviews were successfully conducted with franchise entrepreneurs using face to face semi structured interviews as data collection method and thematic coding was used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study indicate that franchise entrepreneurs face difficulties in obtaining operating licences from the Harare’s City Municipal Authorities and registering their businesses. Electricity power cuts severely affect the operations of fast food businesses. The majority of the entrepreneurs do not have adequate capital to expand and grow their businesses and they fail to meet lending requirements from the financial institutions, top-most among them being the provision of collateral security accompanied by rigid application procedures for funding. Recommendations made include that the government must play an active role in promoting franchising by setting up a vibrant franchise board and speeding up the business registration process.