bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swelling behavior and tensile strength of additively manufactured and commercial O-rings in the presence of linear, branched, cyclic, and aromatic compounds and alcohols
Authors: Luning Prak Dianne J , Adams Nicholaus J , VanBriesen Jeanne L , Cowart Jim S , Schubbe Joel S , Baker Brad W
Published: May 2022

O-rings were manufactured using vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM) processes using acrylate and dimethacrylate monomers. Preliminary tests using Flexible 80A and Elastic 50A resin with various printing orientations show that Flexible 80A in the “optimal” orientation is best for printing. Exposure of these O-rings and those from commercial sources to linear, branched, cyclic, and aromatic compounds and alcohols for 24 h causes swelling and changes in the ultimate tensile strength. AM O-rings swell less than the commercially manufactured acrylate O-rings, and their greatest swellings occur with aromatic compounds and the least swellings with linear alkanes. The swelling behavior of commercial O-rings is consistent with reported Hansen solubility parameters. The AM O-ring swelling patterns as a function of Hansen solubility parameters are similar to those of commercial acrylate O-rings. The tensile strength of the unexposed AM O-rings is less than the commercial O-rings and has greater variability. Swelling reduces the ultimate tensile strength of the acrylate O-rings. After evaporation, the tensile strengths of most of the O-rings return to their unexposed values. One major exception is AM O-rings exposed to toluene, where structural damage caused much lower tensile strengths.
Adaptive control for full-states constrained nonlinear systems with unknown control direction using Barrier Lyapunov Functionals
Authors: Jiang Dao-gen , Jiang Wei , Zhu Xiao-dong , Yin Xiang-yuan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a new adaptive back-stepping (BS) control technique based on barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) is proposed to manage a class of full-state constrained nonlinear systems subject to totally unknown directions and uncertain time-varying parameters. BLFs guarantee that all the system states are constrained in a predefined compact set and the tracking error can converge to a small zero neighborhood. Nussbaum’s gain technique is utilized to tackle the unknown control direction issue. Besides, a sufficiently smooth projection algorithm is adopted to estimate the unknown time-varying parameters, so as to ensure that the adaption laws are differentiable and bounded. The developed controller not only makes all the system states restrained in the compact set but also assures the smoothness and boundedness of all the signals of the closed-loop system. In addition, the sufficiently smooth projection algorithm and Nussbaum gain technique are combined with the BLF-BS control method for the nonlinear systems. Finally, the simulation example results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control scheme.
Consensus error analysis for linear continuous-time multi-agent systems with additive noises
Authors: Sun Huifang , Wang Xiaowen , Liu Shuai
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the distributed consensus problem for linear continuous-time multi-agent systems subject to additive process noises. Due to the existence of noises, the asymptotic consensus cannot be achieved. Hence, a distributed consensus protocol is proposed such that all the agents can achieve consensus to some degree. Furthermore, based on Lyapunov theory, we characterize the consensus error under undirected and directed topologies. Numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of two results.
SMARCB1 (INI-1)-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Huiwen , Zhou Liuqing , Zhong Gang , Li Xiangxiang , Wang Yanjun
Published: May 2022

Background: SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma (SDSC) is a malignant tumor classified as sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). Purpose: Owing to the high aggressiveness and poor prognosis reported in recent literature, patients diagnosed with SNUC should consider further immunohistochemical examination to screen for SDSC. Timely diagnosis is critical and will contribute to follow-up targeted therapy and improved patient prognosis. Research Design: Case report. Study Sample: A case of SDSC with a history of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Data Collection: We collected all the clinical data of this patient. Results: The patient underwent planned functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and received chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy postoperatively. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: The patient in this case presented with right intermittent epistaxis, and surgical histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of right SDSC and left CRSwNP. No related research has been reported.
Nasoseptal flap and rigid reconstruction in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries: The longitudinal experience of a single center
Authors: Alshareef Mohammad , Alroqi Ahmad , Albaharna Hussain , Alsayed Ahmed , Alromaih Saud , Alrasheed Abdulaziz S , Ajlan Abdulrazag , Alsaleh Saad
Published: May 2022

Background

Recently, endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) have been used for skull base defect reconstruction surgeries. The nasoseptal flap (NSF), a vascular pedicled flap, was introduced to decrease postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.

Purposes

This study aimed to outline the authors’ institutional experience using NSF and rigid implants in anterior skull base defect reconstruction surgeries following EEA.

Design

A retrospective cohort review of patients who underwent NSF reconstruction following EEA in the Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery Departments at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2015 to May 2021, divided into 2 time periods according to the reconstruction technique.

Result

Out of the 106 patients who underwent EEA, 77 underwent NSF reconstruction. The majority had expanded EEA (94.8%). The mean age was 40.21 ± 17.7 years, and the female gender represented 61% of the sample. More than half of the sample underwent right NSF (57.1%). Meningioma was the most common diagnosis (45.5%). The clivus was the most frequent site of lesions (23.4%). The overall rate of postoperative CSF leakage and lumbar drainage (LD) insertion was 15.6% and 51.9%, respectively. The duration of LD was a median of four days. The overall failure rate was 13%, declining from 20% in the first period to 5.4% in the second period. Rigid implants were used significantly more in the first period than in the second period (67.5% versus 16.2%, P < 0.001). Meningitis, the highest postoperative complication, was reported in 6 patients (7.8%). One patient died three weeks postoperatively after massive nasal bleeding. No significant difference was found between either side of the NFS regarding the CSF leakage and failure rate.

Conclusion

In the authors’ experience, there has been an overt decline in failure rates and complications of EEA over the last three years due to increased experience among surgeons and a standardization of reconstruction techniques. Minimal reconstruction may provide satisfactory results by decreasing the use of rigid implants. An endoscopic endonasal approach with an NSF for anterior skull base defect reconstruction is considered a safe procedure with no significant difference between the sides of the flap.
Diagnosis of Ectopic Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenoma with Nodular Goiter by 18F Fluorocholine: A Case Report
Authors: Hai Rui , Xie Lin-Jun , You Qian , Wu Fei , Qiu Guo-Chun , Zhou Xiang-Yu
Published: May 2022

The occurrence of ectopic intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma (EPTA) is very rare, which causes some difficulties in diagnosis and complicates treatment. In addition, the occurrence of EPTA with nodular goiter (NG) is rare, which makes diagnosis difficult and requires the assistance of clinical evidence, imaging data, and cytological examination results. Therefore, we present a patient with a final diagnosis of ETPA with NG.
Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis with Concomitant Middle Ear Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kim Minheon , Lee Joo Hyung , Lee Ha Neul , Park Dong-Joon , Lee Eun Jung
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), can affect the lungs (pulmonary TB) as well as other sites (extrapulmonary TB). Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis (NPTB) is a rare type of extrapulmonary TB. Since NPTB has nonspecific clinical presentation with low index of suspicion, it is difficult for clinicians to make an early diagnosis and proper treatment. We recently encountered a 42-year-old woman with NPTB concomitant with middle ear TB, which strongly mimicked nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Since the diagnosis of NPTB was difficult to confirm based on endoscopic findings and imaging studies, this patient underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy, and finally, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed NPTB. This report describes our NPTB case as well as summarizes all cases of NPTB reported in South Korea. We highlight that active tissue biopsy with antibacterial smear and additional PCR or specific TB blood test should be considered for cases with high suspicion of NPTB.
Differentiating Between Belief-Indicative and Status-Indicative Groups Improves Predictions of Intergroup Attitudes
Authors: Grigoryan Lusine , Jones Bethan H. , Cohrs J. Christopher , Boehnke Klaus , Easterbrook Matthew J.
Published: May 2022

Ingroup bias is often treated as the default outcome of intergroup comparisons. We argue that the mechanisms of impression formation depend on what information people infer from groups. We differentiate between belief-indicative groups that are more informative of beliefs and affect attitudes through ingroup bias and status-indicative groups that are more informative of status and affect attitudes through a preference for higher status. In a cross-cultural factorial experiment ( Ntotal = 1,281), we demonstrate that when information about targets’ multiple group memberships is available, belief-indicative groups affect attitudes via ingroup bias, whereas status-indicative groups—via preference for higher status. These effects were moderated by social-structural context. In two follow-up studies ( Ntotal = 451), we develop and validate a measure of belief- and status-indicativeness (BISI) of groups. BISI showed expected correlations with related constructs of entitativity and essentialism. Belief-indicativeness of groups was a better predictor of ingroup bias than entitativity and essentialism.
Dismantle, Change, Build: Lessons for Growing Abolition in Teacher Education
Authors: Sabati Sheeva , Pour-Khorshid Farima , Meiners Erica R. , Hernandez Chrissy A. Z.
Published: May 2022

Background/Context:

Although the uprisings in the summer of 2020 amplified existing abolitionist organizing, including abolitionist struggles for justice within K–12 schools, it is unclear if the field of teacher education has been informed by these movements.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

Given this gap, as well as the ongoing urgency to dismantle the interconnected structures of White supremacy, settler colonialism, anti-Blackness, racial capitalism, and cis-heteropatriarchy within the field of teacher education, this article calls on teacher education programs and teacher educators to grow abolition within the field.

Research Design:

We situate abolition broadly and demonstrate the connections between abolition and struggles for justice in K–12 education. We draw on stories and lessons from our own work as educators and organizers to situate what must be dismantled, changed, and built to grow abolition within the field of teacher education.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

We call on teacher education programs and teacher educators to begin the reflexive, relational, embodied, imaginative, coalitional, urgent, and necessary work of growing abolition within the field of teacher education.
Lefort and Rancière on democracy and sovereignty
Authors: Herzog Annabel
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses on Lefort’s and Rancière’s conceptions of democracy as a set of conflictual processes through which the composition of the public sphere is reassessed. Reading their works together and sometimes in opposition to each other, the paper extracts elements of a theory of inessential sovereignty that avoids the pitfalls of populist antagonism and of neoliberal diffuse domination. It analyses Lefort’s and Rancière’s understandings of democracy as rule of the people, which are based on ontological and aesthetical distinctions between ‘politics’ and ‘the political’. It argues that in the structural situation of dissensus described by both Lefort and Rancière, popular sovereignty could be conceptualized as lying in an ability to shape and transform the public sphere.
A unified theory of open government and social mediatization
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Rasul Tareq , Ahmad Ashfaq
Published: May 2022

Social media use has proliferated and is now omnipresent in the public sector. Numerous studies have shed light on this phenomenon, but few have attempted to theorize it. In this article, we conduct a pragmatic review of existing research on government and public service organization use of social media using an interrogative approach (i.e., what, who, why, how, and where to) to develop a theory that encapsulates the unique peculiarities of social media use in the public sector. Our review proposes a unified theory of open government and social mediatization to explain this finding, wherein the connectivity, programmability, and popularity of social media results in (1) the adoption and use of social media as a technology in the public sector (i.e., social mediatization) and (2) the harvest of information availability, participation, collaboration, and transparency for open government. Our review concludes with several recommendations to pollinate future research in this area.
Medical communication and decision-making about assisted hydration in the last days of life: A qualitative study of doctors experienced with end of life care
Authors: Kingdon Arjun , Spathis Anna , Antunes Bárbara , Barclay Stephen
Published: May 2022

Background:

The impact of assisted hydration on symptoms and survival at the end of life is unclear. Little is known about optimal strategies for communicating and decision-making about this ethically complex topic. Hydration near end of life is known to be an important topic for family members, but conversations about assisted hydration occur infrequently despite guidance suggesting these should occur with all dying people.

Aim:

To explore the views and experiences of doctors experienced in end-of-life care regarding communicating with patients and families and making decisions about assisted hydration at the end of life.

Design:

Qualitative study involving framework analysis of data from semi-structured interviews.

Setting/participants:

Sixteen UK-based Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine doctors were recruited from hospitals, hospices and community services from October 2019 to October 2020.

Results:

Participants reported clinical, practical and ethical challenges associated with this topic. The hospital setting provides barriers to high-quality communication with dying patients and their families about assisted hydration, which may contribute to the low incidence of documented assisted hydration-related conversations. Workplace culture in some hospices may make truly individualised decision-making about this topic more difficult. Lack of inclusion of patients in decision-making about assisted hydration appears to be common practice.

Conclusions:

Proactive, routine discussion with dying people about hydration-related issues is indicated in all cases. There is room for debate regarding the limits of shared decision-making and the benefits of routine discussion of assisted hydration with all dying people. Clinicians have to navigate multiple barriers as they strive to provide individualised care.
Individual and combined effects of cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on striato-cortical connectivity in the human brain
Authors: Wall Matthew B , Freeman Tom P , Hindocha Chandni , Demetriou Lysia , Ertl Natalie , Freeman Abigail M , Jones Augustus PM , Lawn Will , Pope Rebecca , Mokrysz Claire , Solomons Daniel , Statton Ben , Walker Hannah R , Yamamori Yumeya , Yang Zixu , Yim Jocelyn LL , Nutt David J , Howes Oliver D , Curran H Valerie , Bloomfield Michael AP
Published: May 2022

Background:

Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two major constituents of cannabis with contrasting mechanisms of action. THC is the major psychoactive, addiction-promoting, and psychotomimetic compound, while CBD may have opposite effects. The brain effects of these drugs alone and in combination are poorly understood. In particular, the striatum is implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, but it is unclear how THC and CBD influence striato-cortical connectivity.

Aims:

To examine effects of THC, CBD, and THC + CBD on functional connectivity of striatal sub-divisions (associative, limbic and sensorimotor).

Method:

Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used across two within-subjects, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, with a unified analysis approach.

Results:

Study 1 ( N = 17; inhaled cannabis containing 8 mg THC, 8 mg THC + 10 mg CBD or placebo) showed strong disruptive effects of both THC and THC + CBD on connectivity in the associative and sensorimotor networks, but a specific effect of THC in the limbic striatum network which was not present in the THC + CBD condition. In Study 2 ( N = 23, oral 600 mg CBD, placebo), CBD increased connectivity in the associative network, but produced only relatively minor disruptions in the limbic and sensorimotor networks.

Outcomes:

THC strongly disrupts striato-cortical networks, but this effect is mitigated by co-administration of CBD in the limbic striatum network. Oral CBD administered has a more complex effect profile of relative increases and decreases in connectivity. The insula emerges as a key region affected by cannabinoid-induced changes in functional connectivity, with potential implications for understanding cannabis-related disorders, and the development of cannabinoid therapeutics.
Investigating Early Adolescent Sex Differences in Hippocampal and Amygdala Volumes, Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress
Authors: Jamieson Daniel , Shan Zack , Sacks Dashiell , Boyes Amanda , Lagopoulos Jim , Hermens Daniel F.
Published: May 2022

Adolescence is a period of significant brain development and decreased sleep quality, making it an ideal period to investigate early indicators of anxiety disorders such as psychological distress. The amygdala and hippocampus have been implicated in the neurobiology of anxiety symptoms. Sex-based differences in anxiety symptoms and sleep quality suggest sex-specific indicators may be preferable to a “one size fits all” approach. N = 70 early adolescents (12 years) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) and MRI scanning. Female participants were found to be poorer sleepers and to have higher psychological distress levels. Females also had larger right amygdala and hippocampal volumes than males controlling for total brain volume. Findings of sex-based differences in amygdala and hippocampal volumes as well as sleep and psychological distress at age 12 may represent an important step in elucidating sex specific early indicators of future mental health disorders.
Adherence to oral hormonal anticancer agents in breast cancer
Authors: Gori Stefania , Modena Alessandra , Foglietta Jennifer , Verzè Matteo , Inno Alessandro , Casarin Alessandra , Russo Antonio , Nicolis Fabrizio
Published: May 2022

There is an increasing trend towards using oral antitumoral agents in oncological patients. Compared to parenteral therapy, oral treatment offers convenience for both the patient and the healthcare system, with similar efficacy. However, the benefit deriving from oral drugs will be obtained only if patients adhere strictly to the treatment. Medical oncologists must therefore seek to optimize patient adherence. Breast cancer patients, particularly, are often treated with oral hormonal anticancer agents. In this review, we summarized evidence about adherence of breast cancer patients to oral hormonal anticancer agents and the consequences of poor compliance, the barriers to oral treatment and strategies to overcome them.
Racialized geographies of home: Property, unhoming and other possible futures
Authors: Nethercote Megan
Published: May 2022

This article interrogates the racial logics of home and homemaking. It opens up the conceptual terrain of home to property – a technology of racial dispossession and handmaid of racial capitalism. I reconceptualize home as dominion and as belonging. Unhoming names the synergies between these modalities that authorizes the unmaking of racialized subjects’ homes. I argue unhoming is a structural feature of racial capitalism and position resistance to unhoming as homemaking that might rescript propertied landscapes. Repositioning home as practised in propertied landscapes centres homemaking’s life-giving and death-dealing contradictions and excavates the work home does for – and (might do) to disrupt – liberal property regimes.
High Volume Freeway Travel Time Reliability and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tufuor Ernest , Rilett Laurence
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on travel time reliability (TTR) performance on two high traffic volume freeway corridors (I-90 and I-405) in the U.S.A. Specifically, the travel time distributions (TTDs) during and before the pandemic are compared. The paper also examines which TTR metrics best capture the effect of the pandemic on reliability performance. There were statistically significant differences, at the 95% confidence level, between TTD in 2020 and corresponding TTDs in 2018 and 2019. Not surprisingly, all measures of central tendency and all measures of dispersions were reduced during the pandemic. Consequently, it was concluded that TTR performance improved during the pandemic regardless of what TTR definition was used. Travel time index (TTI), planning time index (PTI), and the level of travel time reliability (LOTTR) metrics improved during the pandemic, albeit at different rates. In contrast, the buffer index and coefficient of variation increased. In other words, whether an analyst would identify that TTR improved or decreased during the pandemic, and by how much, would be a function of which TTR metric was applied. Not surprisingly, the more congested the roadway section, the greater the impact the pandemic-related interventions had on TTR. It was found that, practically speaking, there are no differences in TTI, PTI, or LOTTR values when TTDs are formulated using a 5 min or 15 min aggregation interval. It was concluded that analysts need to have a deep understanding of the underlying TTD and the various TTR definitions when evaluating changes in freeway systems’ TTR.
Development of a Simulation-Based Approach for Cold In-Place Recycled Pavement Moisture-Content Prediction Using Ground-Penetrating Radar
Authors: Cao Qingqing , Abufares Lama , Al-Qadi Imad
Published: May 2022

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) recently has been used for quality control and quality assurance of the asphalt concrete (AC) pavement-construction process. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of estimating, by using GPR, the moisture content in AC pavement. This application is particularly important for emulsion-stabilized cold in-place recycling (CIR) and cold central-plant recycling (CCPR), where monitoring the moisture content is necessary for deciding the timing of opening the road to traffic, overlay placement, or both. Four field tests were performed using GPR on CIR- or CCPR-treated AC pavement. A numerical simulation model of AC pavement with internal moisture was generated using the information from mix design, and virtual GPR tests were performed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. After calibration, a moisture-prediction formula derived from the simulation model was used to correlate the dielectric constant predicted by GPR to the moisture content within cold recycled layers. The GPR signal was “denoised” by improving its stability and mitigating the measured-height mismatch. The in-situ moisture content was predicted using the proposed method and compared with field-collected samples. Results showed that the proposed method is effective in estimating CIR- and CCPR-layer moisture content. The variation of dielectric constants in field tests is also discussed. A testing protocol for predicting moisture content using GPR is suggested for CIR and CCPR pavement.
The Cultural Traditions of China and the Quest for a Global Ethic
Authors: Lodén Torbjörn
Published: May 2022

This paper challenges the idea that there are essential and unbridgeable differences that separate the cultural traditions of China and Europe. The focus is on the belief that there is no transcendence in Chinese thought and the cluster of notions around this thesis, which have often been used in support of the thesis of essential differences. The conclusion is that this thesis is mistaken and that the multifarious traditions of China and Europe share many central features and can also mutually enrich one another. Together, they offer rich resources to a global ethic suited for the needs of our time.
Time-serial expression of toll-like receptor 4 signaling during polymicrobial sepsis in rats
Authors: Lee En-Pei , Lin Mao-Jen , Wu Han-Ping
Published: May 2022

Sepsis caused by aggressive infection is a severe clinical problem with an increasing incidence worldwide. Toll-like receptors and their common adapter myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) can activate immune responses by recognizing a foreign microbe’s product. This study aimed to identify the different time expression of TLR four signaling pathway in an experimental rodent model of polymicrobial sepsis. A randomized animal study was investigated in rats with septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The expressions of MyD88-dependent pathway biomarkers, including MyD88, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were analyzed and compared to the sham controls at the different time points after CLP surgery. CLP-induced sepsis increased liver MyD88 mRNA expression and protein expression compared to the control groups at 2 h after surgery. The MyD88 mRNA and protein expressions in rats with CLP-induced sepsis marked increased at 4 and 6 h, and their NF-κB activities and serum TNF-α levels also increased at 4 h after CLP surgery (both p < .05). The different serial expression of MyD88-ependent pathway during sepsis may be used as biomarkers during sepsis. These results may provide further helpful information for using pro-inflammatory biomarkers of innate immunity such as MyD88 and TNF-α in clinical sepsis or related abdominal surgical emergency in the future.
Recent advances in experimental and molecular dynamics study of graphene-oxide/natural rubber composites: A review
Authors: Srivastava Aviral , Sharma Sumit
Published: May 2022

Rubber nanocomposites are being studied because of their unique characteristics. Fillers are used in rubbers and elastomers to increase certain qualities for their ultimate uses. Fillers are used to strengthen rubber such as graphene/graphene oxide for the majority of activities. The hardness, modulus, anti-ageing and gas barrier properties of nanofilled-reinforced rubber are greater than pristine rubber. Studies from the literature depicted 150% increment in elastic modulus, 27.6% increment in modulus of rigidity and 35% increment in hardness of nitrile butadiene rubber when reinforced with graphene oxide (GO). Bulk, shear and Young’s modulus of vulcanised rubber rises by 19.13%, 21.11% and 26.89% when infused with carbon nanotube. Because of its unique electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics, rubber nanocomposites loaded with GO are also in high demand in industrial applications. Rubber nanocomposites, different nanofillers like graphene and graphene oxide and their benefits have been discussed. The review also outlines the rubber/GO nanocomposites' production procedures, novel characteristics and possible uses.
Collecting Information on Caregivers’ Financial Well-Being: A Document Review of Federal Surveys in Canada
Authors: Marani Husayn , Allin Sara
Published: May 2022

Population-based surveys conducted by governments inform strategies concerning emergent areas of policy interest. One such area is unpaid caregiving in the context of an aging population. In the Canadian and global contexts, research suggests a need for public financial support to mitigate financial risks of caregiving. In this document analysis, we reviewed 17 federal surveys since 2005 to understand how caregiving-related information is captured. We found that caregiving-related questions were largely derived from two surveys, the General Social Survey and the Canadian Community Health Survey. However, gaps exist concerning questions related to estimates of private care expenditure, and the impacts of older adult caregiving across domains of financial risk (income, productivity, and healthcare utilization). Addressing these gaps, either through revising existing surveys or a new national survey on unpaid caregiving, may improve meaningful assessments about risks and impacts of caregiving, which may better inform public strategies that offset these risks.
A Data-Informed Perspective on Public Preferences for Retaining or Abolishing Biannual Clock Changes
Authors: Coogan Andrew N. , Richardson Shannon , Raman Sudha
Published: May 2022

Scientific, public, and political discourse around the perennial changing of the clocks during the transitions into and out of daylight saving time (DST) is a touchstone issue for the translation of fundamental chronobiology into societal impacts. The Society for Research on Biological Rhythms, along with other sleep science bodies, has issued a position statement that advocates for the abolition of the biannual clock changes and the adoption of permanent standard time for the optimization of population circadian health. However, there is a paucity of data on preexisting public perceptions and preferences with regard to these issues. In this perspective, we examine 5 issues that we believe are pertinent for chronobiologists to consider to enable effective advocacy on these policies; in particular, we discuss public preference for permanent DST and steps that may need to be taken to understand this preference. We inform our discussion with reference to cross-sectional studies we undertook in Spring 2020 and Fall 2019, around the transition out of and into DST Ireland. We conclude that there appears to be a gap between existing public perceptions and preferences around the clock changes and chronobiological and sleep science-informed positions, and that the chronobiology community may benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration with colleagues with specific social sciences expertise to most effectively advocate for these research-informed positions.
Caring for caregivers: Supporting the psychological health and well-being of healthcare workers
Authors: Mantler Ed
Published: May 2022

Pandemic-related stressors exacerbate pre-existing mental health problems for some healthcare workers and cause others to experience problems for the first time. More resources have become available to prevent and reduce the severity of these problems. This article begins with a brief review of some of the current evidence of the problem and then outlines resources and strategies, some of which are based on the National Standard of Canada for Psychological Health and Safety in the Workplace (the Standard). The article describes a case study of the adoption of these resources to reduce stigma and improve resilience among healthcare providers. Finally, the article concludes with a call for more research which is needed to fully understand the effectiveness of these tools and resources in the context of the pandemic as well as additional tools and resources that may be needed.
Leaders supporting leaders: Leaders’ role in building resilience and psychologically healthy workplaces during the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Grimes Kelly , Matlow Anne , Tholl Bill , Dickson Graham , Taylor Deanne , Chan Ming-Ka
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is now endemic and has taken a terrible toll on the health workforce and its leaders. Stress and burnout are rampant, and health workers are leaving in record numbers. Using data collected during the first four waves of the pandemic, and a longitudinal analysis of these data, the authors identify ongoing challenges to health leadership related to building resilience and psychologically healthy workplaces. The article is organized around three questions: What happened during Waves 1 to 4? What did we learn? And what should be done differently? Eight actions emerged around the theme of “leaders supporting leaders”: build personal resilience; practice compassionate leadership; model effective interpersonal leadership behaviour; ensure frequent and authentic communication; participate in networks and communities of practice; balance short- and long-term commitments; apply systems thinking; and contribute to a collaborative, national strategy.
“It was Really Hard for Me to Tell”: The Gap between the Child’s Difficulty in Disclosing Sexual Abuse, and their Perception of the Disclosure Recipient’s Response
Authors: Gemara Netanel , Katz Carmit
Published: May 2022

Disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA) is essential to its mitigation and the protection of children. Previous studies have greatly contributed to the understanding of disclosure rates both in childhood and adulthood, in addition to delayed disclosure and disclosure barriers. In acknowledging the relevancy of the ecological framework, researchers have illustrated how the various systems in the children’s lives have a role in their decision to disclose the abuse. The current study was designed to delve into the disclosure stories shared by children during their forensic interviews. Fifty children, 30 girls and 20 boys, from diverse communities in the Jewish society in Israel (15 secular, 15 Orthodox and 20 ultra-Orthodox) were forensically interviewed for the first time following CSA. Thematic analysis was carried out on their narratives, focusing on two main themes. The first was the children’s descriptions of their difficulties to disclose, which were embedded in their own perceptions and experiences, their fear of the disclosure recipient’s response, and their dynamic with the perpetrator. The second theme provided a glance into the children’s descriptions of the disclosure recipients’ responses, which highlighted the children’s central experience of loneliness in the context of the abuse. Theoretical and practical ramifications pertaining to these crucial gaps will be discussed. In addition, specific religious-cultural elements raised in relation to the disclosure will be highlighted. Limitations of the study as well as further recommendations and implications will be introduced.
Workplace Bullying in Academia: A Conditional Process Model
Authors: Goodboy Alan K. , Martin Matthew M. , Mills Carol B. , Clark-Gordon Cathlin V.
Published: May 2022

Guided by the job demand-control-support model of workplace strain, this study tested a theoretical model of academic work environments to explain workplace bullying in academia. College professors ( N = 503) completed a questionnaire about working in academia and experiencing bullying at work. Results of a conditional process analysis revealed that psychological job demands affected workplace bullying incidents directly, and indirectly through increased occupational stress; however, the mediated effect depended on how supportive the supervisor was and how much control professors had over their job duties (moderated moderated mediation). In departments where supervisors provided low to average social support to faculty, the indirect effect on bullying was weakened when professors had more decision authority over how they completed their job demands (moderated mediation). However, in departments where supervisors were highly supportive, there was no indirect effect of demands on workplace bullying through stress, despite how much or little decision authority professors had in doing their jobs (no moderated mediation). These findings speak to the importance of appointing a chairperson who will encourage professors’ autonomy in completing their work, and, more crucially, provide social support to discourage faculty bullying in response to job stressors.
A Retrospective Review of an Inhaler to Nebulizer Therapeutic Interchange Program Across a Health System
Authors: LaCrone Megan E. , Buening Natalie , Paul Natalie
Published: May 2022

Background: The hospitals of the Saint Alphonsus Health System (SAHS) have implemented a metered dose inhaler (MDI) to nebulization therapeutic interchange program in which all orders for albuterol/ipratropium and inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta agonists (ICS/LABA) MDIs are therapeutically interchanged to nebulizers by pharmacy. Objectives: The primary outcome measure is to assess the percent of albuterol/ipratropium and ICS/LABA inhalers therapeutically interchanged to nebulized solutions. Secondary outcomes include assessment of readmission rates, the percentage of patients discharged with the appropriate MDI, and a financial analysis of the implementation of the therapeutic interchange program. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was approved by the system’s institutional review board and conducted between October 15, 2019, and February 15, 2020. Adult patients with history of asthma or COPD admitted to one of the SAHS hosptials with an order placed for ipratropium/albuterol, fluticasone/salmeterol, mometasone/formoterol, or budesonide/formoterol MDIs were eligible for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they were presumed to have or tested positive for COVID-19. Results: Therapeutic interchanges were successfully completed in 94.3% of the orders included in this evaluation. Discharge discrepancies occurred in 14.3% of orders assessed. No correlation was found between discharge discrepancies and 30-day readmissions. The MDI to nebulized solution interchanges saved $13,908.16 in medication cost in the sample population. Conclusion: The first phase of implementing the SAHS inhaler to nebulizer therapeutic interchange program was operationally and clinically successful. The program is projected to continue to reduce medication waste and provide cost savings for the health system.
A design method for a novel movable tooth drive with logarithmic spiral conjugated tooth profiles
Authors: Zhou Guocheng , Yang Yuhu , Xie Ran , Tao Shangying
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a method for designing a novel type of movable tooth drive characterized by logarithmic spiral conjugated tooth profiles, which are in almost full surface contact owing to such innovative tooth geometry, in comparison with the conventional involute or cycloidal tooth profiles creating a linear contact. Firstly, the existence conditions of the conjugated curve of the logarithmic spiral are researched by establishing the meshing equation, and its geometric and kinematic properties are identified to design the conjugated tooth profiles of the movable tooth and ring gear. Then, wave generator profile, according to the requirement that it should be completely convex and smooth, is designed and modified to ensure the consistency with load capacity of the conjugated tooth profiles. On this basis, dimensional synthesis of the mechanism is performed following the influence analysis of main factors on the force/motion transmission characteristic of the whole machine. Finally, the virtual prototype is developed and the proposed design method is validated by relevant force performance simulation. The outcomes lay a significant foundation for the design of such logarithmic spiral tooth profile transmission.
4-degrees of freedom attitude equations of motion: A new approach for simulating flexible satellite dynamics with time-varying payload despite time delay and disturbances
Authors: Nikpay Shayesteh , Fakoor Mahdi , Kalhor Ahmad
Published: May 2022

A new approach for the pointing of satellite’s payload is improving the dynamics of satellites to more than 3-DOF. In this approach, there would be no requirement for satellite complete rotations to perform the payload’s mission. The purpose of this study is to derive Four Degrees of Freedom (4-DOF) equations of motion of a satellite and its payload. Therefore, the payload can observe an area of the earth, and simultaneously, the satellite can transfer data to the earth station. Lagrange dynamics are utilized to derive 4-DOF dynamic equations of the system. Then, the system of payload-satellite is controlled by the sliding mode control method with three different sliding functions. Environmental disturbances and appropriate time delay for Low Earth Orbit are applied to the nonlinear attitude equations. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the 4-DOF nonlinear dynamics of the payload-satellite system and indicate that the controller negates the effects of the nonlinear external disturbances and time delay. According to the results, the attitude states attain the reference targets of Euler angles and the time-varying payload with excellent precision and high convergence speed.
Comparison of axial-rotational postoperative periprosthetic fracture of the femur in composite osteoporotic femur versus human cadaveric specimens: A validation study
Authors: Lamb Jonathan N , Coltart Oliver , Adekanmbi Isaiah , Pandit Hemant G , Stewart Todd
Published: May 2022

Postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture following hip replacement has been the subject of many varied experimental approaches. Cadaveric samples offer realistic fit and fracture patterns but are subject to large between-sample variation. Composite femurs have not yet been validated for this purpose. We compared the results of composite femurs to cadaveric femurs using an established methodology. In vitro postoperative periprosthetic fracture results using axial-rotational loading were compared between 12 composite femurs and nine fresh frozen femurs, which were implanted with an otherwise identical collarless (6 composite vs 4 cadaveric) or collared (6 composite vs 5 cadaveric) cementless femoral stem using identical methodology. Fracture torque and rotational displacement were measured and torsional stiffness and rotational work prior to fracture were estimated. Fractures patterns were graded according to the Unified Classification System. Fracture torque, displacement, torsional stiffness and fracture patterns for cadaveric and composite femurs were similar between groups. There was a trend for a greater rotational displacement in the cadaveric groups, which lead to a decrease in torsional stiffness and a significantly greater rotational work prior to fracture for all cadaveric specimens (collarless stems: 10.51 [9.71 to 12.57] vs 5.21 [4.25 to 6.04], p = 0.01 and for collared stems: 15.38 [14.01 to 17.05] vs 5.76 [4.92 to 6.64], p = 0.01). Given comparable fracture torque and the similarity in fracture patterns for fracture trials using composite samples versus cadaveric femurs, the use of composite femur models may be a reasonable choice for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture studies within certain limitations.
Approximating amplitude of a nonlinear oscillator at resonance
Authors: Verenkar Saeesh , Naik Raghavendra Datta
Published: May 2022

In this study, we propose a methodology to obtain the approximate amplitude of a nonlinear forced system at resonance that satisfies Lyapunov’s global stability criterion. This analytical method is formulated using the Lyapunov stability criterion and nonlinear approximations. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The proposed methodology can approximate the amplitude of a nonlinear non-autonomous system to reasonably good accuracy. This theory will be useful in experimental vibration analysis to approximate the damping in a system. The proposed methodology can also be extended to other nonlinear forced systems. The results also showed that the vibration attenuation or stability of the system depends mainly on the linear coefficients and is least dependent on the cubic stiffness.
Empirical prediction model of psychophysiological responses of workers with respect to noise exposure based on random forest
Authors: Rahmiani Iranshahi Mostafa , Aliabadi Mohsen , Golmohammadi Rostam , Soltanian Alireza , Babamiri Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Evidence of the non-auditory effects of noise exposure on workers is growing. This study aimed to empirically present prediction models of psychophysiological responses of workers with respect to noise exposure. In this study, 169 male workers from typical industrial workrooms were asked to judge the mental workload, noise annoyance, and noise sensitivity during exposure to noise. Two main physiological responses that include heart rate and blood pressure were also measured. Noise exposure characteristics were measured using the calibrated instruments. Empirical prediction models were developed based on Random forest compared with the regression method. 46% of the workers were exposed to noise up to the exposure limit (85 dB for 8 h) and 54% of the workers were exposed to noise upper than it. It is observed that the considerable body response changes of workers exposed to noise from the medium to high levels ( p < 0.05). Random forest could provide more accurate predictions than multiple regressions (R square = 0.73 to 0.80). Four variables as noise dose, noise sensitivity, age, and noise frequency are found to be the important factors influencing the psychological responses, respectively. Moreover, the main variables as noise sensitivity and noise dose and age are found to be the important factors influencing the physiological responses, respectively. Changes in the psychophysiological responses above the medium noise levels confirmed that the action level (82 dB for 8 h) can be a suitable criterion to prevent possible auditory and non-auditory complications. These dose-response models can be helpful in setting definitive exposure limits for noise-induced non-auditory effects at workplaces.
Whose metaphor? Rethinking conceptual metaphor in Lacanian terms
Authors: Keefer Lucas A.
Published: May 2022

Recent research on the psychology of metaphor is based primarily on the cognitivist framework provided by conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). This approach has been generative and does much to explain the pervasive role that metaphoric language plays in everyday life. However, interest in metaphor is not limited to this cognitive approach; Lacan accorded metaphor a central role in his psychoanalytic understanding of the process of signification that structures language and, thereby, the unconscious. Although the two frameworks have different assumptions and aims, they are largely compatible ways of thinking about the role of metaphor in psychology. The goal of this article is to briefly introduce both approaches and ultimately to suggest several key insights about metaphor that could be gained through a greater attention to Lacanian psychoanalysis.