bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geospatial modeling of the infrastructure facility optimal location
Authors: Pomortseva Olena , Kobzan Sergiy , Voronkov Oleksii , Yevdokimov Andrey
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research is to reveal current trends in modeling the location of new catering establishments in the study area. The relevance of research in the article is determined by the development of the tourism industry. This applies to catering establishments operating in the lower price category. Such catering establishments include fast food restaurants. The article proposes to use geographic information systems for spatial analysis using software. The researchers used ArcGis software, which allows you to visualize the results of the analysis. Visualization of the results will allow to make the necessary decision on the location of catering establishments. The research was conducted on the example of the Industrialny District of Kharkiv. Analysis of geostatic models can be used to process statistical data in any locality by using a geostatistical method to convert data from a discrete view to a permanent representation. With the help of geostatistics methods, data from a discrete form are transformed into a continuous form. Researchers present mathematical formulas for determining the index of concentration of the actual population in a given area or the projected index. These indicators can be determined on the basis of data obtained during the research. Indicators are presented using elements of the ArcGis software package in discrete form and permanent form. In the research the model of optimization of placement of public catering establishments was developed. It is proposed to place twelve new catering establishments in the studied area of the city with the exact indication of their location. The scientific conclusion of the study will further improve the service to the local population and the promotion of the city of Kharkiv as a object of tourism. The principle of developing a digital map and geodatabase is effective to address issues related to tourism infrastructure, so the developed model can be used in other cities. Further research in this direction may be related to improving geostatistic analysis of data and taking into account more factors..
Untargeted Plasma Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Profiling Provide Novel Insights into the Regulation of Platelet Reactivity in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Vadaq Nadira , Schirmer Melanie , Tunjungputri Rahajeng N. , Vlamakis Hera , Chiriac Cecilia , Ardiansyah Edwin , Gasem M. Hussein , Joosten Leo A. B. , de Groot Philip G. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Netea Mihai G. , van der Ven Andre J. , de Mast Quirijn
Published: June 2021

Background Considerable variation exists in platelet reactivity to stimulation among healthy individuals. Various metabolites and metabolic pathways influence platelet reactivity, but a comprehensive overview of these associations is missing. The gut microbiome has a strong influence on the plasma metabolome. Here, we investigated the association of platelet reactivity with results of untargeted plasma metabolomics and gut microbiome profiling.

Methods We used data from a cohort of 534 healthy adult Dutch volunteers (the 500 Functional Genomics study). Platelet activation and reactivity were measured by the expression of the alpha-granule protein P-selectin and the binding of fibrinogen to the activated integrin αIIbβ3, both in unstimulated blood and after ex vivo stimulation with platelet agonists. Plasma metabolome was measured using an untargeted metabolic profiling approach by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Gut microbiome data were measured by shotgun metagenomic sequencing from stool samples.

Results Untargeted metabolomics yielded 1,979 metabolites, of which 422 were identified to play a role in a human metabolic pathway. Overall, 92/422 (21.8%) metabolites were significantly associated with at least one readout of platelet reactivity. The majority of associations involved lipids, especially members of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Dietary-derived polyphenols were also found to inhibit platelet reactivity. Validation of metabolic pathways with functional microbial profiles revealed two overlapping metabolic pathways (“alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism” and “arginine biosynthesis”) that were associated with platelet reactivity.

Conclusion This comprehensive overview is an resource for understanding the regulation of platelet reactivity by the plasma metabolome and the possible contribution of the gut microbiota.
Teaching Ethics and Professionalism: A National Survey of Ophthalmology Residency Program Directors
Authors: Kretz Alyssa M. , deSante-Bertkau Jennifer E. , Boland Michael V. , Guo Xinxing , Collins Megan E.
Published: June 2021

Background While ethics and professionalism are important components of graduate medical education, there is limited data about how ethics and professionalism curricula are taught or assessed in ophthalmology residency programs.

Objective This study aimed to determine how U.S. ophthalmology residency programs teach and assess ethics and professionalism and explore trainee preparedness in these areas.

Methods Directors from accredited U.S. ophthalmology residency programs completed an online survey about components of programs' ethics and professionalism teaching curricula, strategies for assessing competence, and trainee preparedness in these areas.

Results Directors from 55 of 116 programs (46%) responded. The most common ethics and professionalism topics taught were informed consent (38/49, 78%) and risk management and litigation (38/49, 78%), respectively; most programs assessed trainee competence via 360-degree global evaluation (36/48, 75%). While most (46/48, 95%) respondents reported that their trainees were well or very well prepared at the time of graduation, 15 of 48 (31%) had prohibited a trainee from graduating or required remediation prior to graduation due to unethical or unprofessional conduct. Nearly every program (37/48, 98%) thought that it was very important to dedicate curricular time to teaching ethics and professionalism. Overall, 16 of 48 respondents (33%) felt that the time spent teaching these topics was too little.

Conclusion Ophthalmology residency program directors recognized the importance of an ethics and professionalism curriculum. However, there was marked variation in teaching and assessment methods. Additional work is necessary to identify optimal strategies for teaching and assessing competence in these areas. In addition, a substantial number of trainees were prohibited from graduating or required remediation due to ethics and professionalism issues, suggesting an impact of unethical and unprofessional behavior on resident attrition.
Association between UGT1A1*28 Gene Polymorphism and Severe Neutropenia due to Colorectal Cancer Treatment with Irinotecan: Evidence Based on Meta-Analysis
Authors: Santos Tayná Aparecida de Oliveira , Leão-Cordeiro Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes , Cunha Daiane de Oliveira , Vilanova-Costa Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago , Passos Xisto Sena , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro
Published: June 2021

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between UGT1A1*28 gene polymorphism and the prevalence of neutropenia in patients with colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan.

Method Thirteen studies were included. These papers were selected from the Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, International Health Sciences Literature and PubMed, and their data were collected and evaluated using the BioEstat 5.3 software (BioEstat, Belém, PA, Brazil).

Results Three genotypes were analyzed, namely 6/6 (wild type), 6/7, and 7/7. In total, 2,146 patients were included in the present study; of these, 55.6% (n = 1,193) had 6/6 genotype, 37.3% (n = 801) were heterozygous (6/7), and 7.1% (n = 152) had the 7/7 genotype. A total of 1,672 (77.9%) patients displayed mild neutropenia, whereas 474 (22.1%) had severe neutropenia. When contrasting the 6/7 and 7/7 genotypes with the 6/6 genotype using statistical tests for meta-analysis, patients with the 7 allele, either in homozygosis or heterozygosis, presented higher risk of developing severe neutropenia than patients with the 6/6 genotype (odds ratio = 1.559; 95% confidence interval = 1.163–2.090; p = 0.003).

Conclusion The analysis of the UGT1A1*28 gene polymorphism can aid the choice of treatment for patients with colorectal cancer in personalized medicine, increasing the chances of therapeutic success.
The Impact of Surgery-Related Muscle Injury on Prevalence and Characteristics of Acute Postcraniotomy Headache – A Prospective Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Huckhagel Torge , Westphal Manfred , Klinger Regine
Published: June 2021

Background The latest third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders delineates diagnostic criteria for acute headache attributed to craniotomy (AHAC), but data on possible predisposing factors are sparse. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the impact of surgery-related muscle incision on the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of AHAC.

Patients and Methods Sixty-four consecutive adults (mean age: 54.2 ± 15.2 years; 26 males and 38 females) undergoing cranial neurosurgery for various reasons without preoperative headache were included. After regaining consciousness, all patients reported their average daily headache on a numeric pain rating scale (NRS; range: 0–10), headache characteristics, as well as analgesic consumption from day 1 to 3 after surgery. Three distinct patient cohorts were built with respect to the surgical approach (craniotomy ± muscle incision; burr hole surgery) and group comparisons were performed. Additionally, patients with AHAC ≥ 3 NRS were reevaluated at 7.2 ± 2.3 months following treatment by means of standardized questionnaires to determine the prevalence of persistent headache attributed to craniotomy as well as headache-related disability and quality of life.

Results Thirty of 64 (46.9%) patients developed moderate to severe AHAC (NRS ≥ 3) after cranial neurosurgery. There were no significant group differences with regard to age, gender, or general health condition (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification). Craniotomy patients with muscle incision suffered from significantly higher early postoperative mean NRS scores compared with their counterparts without procedure-related muscle injury (3.4 ± 2.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.9) as well as patients undergoing burr hole surgery (1.2 ± 1.4; p = 0.02). Moreover, the consumption of nonopioid analgesics was almost doubled following muscle-transecting surgery as compared with muscle-preserving procedures (p = 0.03). Young patient age (odds ratio/95% confidence interval for each additional year: 0.93/0.88–0.97) and surgery-related muscle injury (5.23/1.62–19.41) were identified as major risk factors for the development of AHAC ≥ 3 NRS. There was a nonsignificant trend toward higher pain chronification rate as well as headache-related disability after craniotomy with muscle injury.

Conclusion Surgery-related muscle damage may be an important predisposing factor for AHAC. Therefore, if a transmuscular approach is unavoidable, the neurosurgeon should be aware of the need for adequately adjusted intra- and postoperative analgesia in these cases.
Examining the Relationship between Altmetric Score and Traditional Bibliometrics in the Ophthalmology Literature for 2013 and 2016 Cohorts
Authors: Wiley Zachary C. , Boyd Carter J. , Ananthasekar Shivani , Bhat Nita , Harish Bindiganavile Shruthi , Lee Andrew G.
Published: June 2021

Background In this study, we reviewed a select sample of ophthalmology literature to determine if there was a correlation between Altimetric and traditional citation-based and impact factor metrics. We hypothesized that Altmetric score would more closely correlate with impact factor and citations in 2016.

Methods Journal Citation Reports for the year 2013 was used to find the 15 highest impact factor ophthalmology journals in 2013. Then Elsevier's Scopus was used to identify the 10 most cited articles from each journal for the years 2013 and 2016. Metrics for all identified articles were collected using the Altmetric Bookmarklet, and date of Twitter account creation was noted for journals with such an account. Altmetric scores, impact factor, and citation counts were tabulated for each article. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) determined correlation of independent variables (number of citations or impact factor) with dependent variable (Altmetric score). For our Twitter analysis, account age was the independent variable and calculated correlation coefficients (r) were the dependent variable. Proportion of variance was determined with a coefficient of determination (R
2).

Results This study included 300 articles, evenly split between 2013 and 2016. Within the 2013 cohort, three journals had significant positive correlations between citation count and Altmetric score. For the 2016 cohort, both Altmetric score and citation count (r = 0.583, p < 0.001) and Altmetric score and impact factor (r = 0.183, p = 0.025) revealed significant positive correlations. In 2016, two journals were found to have significant correlations between Altmetric score and citation number. Neither year revealed a significant correlation between the age of a journal's Twitter profile and the relationship between Altmetric score and citation count. In each year, Twitter accounted for the highest number of mentions.

Conclusion The findings suggest that correlation between Altmetric score and traditional quality metric scores may be increasing. Altmetric score was correlated with impact factor and number of citations in 2016 but not 2013. At this time, Altmetrics are best used as an adjunct that is complementary but not an alternative to traditional bibliometrics for assessing academic productivity and impact.
Quantifying the Impact of Infusion Alerts and Alarms on Nursing Workflows: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Yu Denny , Obuseh Marian , DeLaurentis Poching
Published: June 2021

Background Smart infusion pumps affect workflows as they add alerts and alarms in an information-rich clinical environment where alarm fatigue is already a major concern. An analytic approach is needed to quantify the impact of these alerts and alarms on nursing workflows and patient safety.

Objectives To analyze a detailed infusion dataset from a smart infusion pump system and identify contributing factors for infusion programming alerts, operational alarms, and alarm resolution times.

Methods We analyzed detailed infusion pump data across four hospitals in a health system for up to 1 year. The prevalence of alerts and alarms was grouped by infusion type and a selected list of 32 high-alert medications (HAMs). Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between a set of risk factors and the occurrence of alerts and alarms. We used nonparametric tests to explore the relationship between alarm resolution times and a subset of predictor variables.

Results The study dataset included 745,641 unique infusions with a total of 3,231,300 infusion events. Overall, 28.7% of all unique infusions had at least one operational alarm, and 2.1% of all unique infusions had at least one programming alert. Alarms averaged two per infusion, whereas at least one alert happened in every 48 unique infusions. Eight percent of alarms took over 4 minutes to resolve. Intravenous fluid infusions had the highest rate of error-state occurrence. HAMs had 1.64 more odds for alerts than the rest of the infusions. On average, HAMs had a higher alert rate than maintenance fluids.

Conclusion Infusion pump alerts and alarms impact clinical care, as alerts and alarms by design interrupt clinical workflow. Our study showcases how hospital system leadership teams can leverage infusion pump informatics to prioritize quality improvement and patient safety initiatives pertaining to infusion practices.
Endovascular Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Le Hieu , Thukral Siddhant , Devane A. Michael , Saddekni Souheil , Varma Rakesh K.
Published: June 2021

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) may lead to new or worsening hepatic encephalopathy (HE), especially in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients with medically refractory HE (rHE) may benefit from endovascular interventions. In this review, we briefly describe the post-TIPS and SPSS vascular anatomy, pathophysiology, classification, factors associated with HE, and the medical management of HE. In addition, we will discuss current endovascular techniques for HE management, their advantages, disadvantages, and review of the current literature.
Splenic Artery Embolisation for the Emergency Treatment of Sinistral Portal Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Authors: Grout-Smith Harriet , Dumenci Ozbil , Tait N. Paul , Alsafi Ali
Published: June 2021

Objectives Sinistral portal hypertension (SPH) is caused by increased pressure on the left portal system secondary to splenic vein stenosis or occlusion and may lead to gastric varices. The definitive management of SPH is splenectomy, but this is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in the acute setting. In this systematic review, we investigated the efficacy and safety of splenic artery embolisation (SAE) in managing refractory variceal bleeding in patients with SPH.

Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase databases. A qualitative analysis was chosen due to heterogeneity of the studies.

Results Our search yielded 339 articles, 278 of which were unique. After initial screening, 16 articles relevant to our search remained for full text review. Of these, 7 were included in the systematic review. All 7 papers were observational, 6 were retrospective. Between them they described 29 SAE procedures to control variceal bleeding. The technical success rate was 100% and there were no cases of rebleeding during follow up. The most common complication was post-embolisation syndrome. Four major complications occurred, two resulting in death. These deaths were the only 30-day mortalities recorded and were in patients with extensive comorbidities.

Conclusions Although there is a distinct lack of randomized controlled studies comparing SAE to other treatment modalities, it appears to be safe and effective in treating hemorrhage secondary to SPH.
The Cosmos Collaborative: A Vendor-Facilitated Electronic Health Record Data Aggregation Platform
Authors: Tarabichi Yasir , Frees Adam , Honeywell Steven , Huang Courtney , Naidech Andrew M. , Moore Jason H. , Kaelber David C.
Published: June 2021

Objective Learning healthcare systems use routinely collected data to generate new evidence that informs future practice. While implementing an electronic health record (EHR) system can facilitate this goal for individual institutions, meaningfully aggregating data from multiple institutions can be more empowering. Cosmos is a cross-institution, single EHR vendor-facilitated data aggregation tool. This work aims to describe the initiative and illustrate its potential utility through several use cases.

Methods Cosmos is designed to scale rapidly by leveraging preexisting agreements, clinical health information exchange networks, and data standards. Data are stored centrally as a limited dataset, but the customer facing query tool limits results to prevent patient reidentification.

Results In 2 years, Cosmos grew to contain EHR data of more than 60 million patients. We present practical examples illustrating how Cosmos could further efforts in chronic disease surveillance (asthma and obesity), syndromic surveillance (seasonal influenza and the 2019 novel coronavirus), immunization adherence and adverse event reporting (human papilloma virus and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccination), and health services research (antibiotic usage for upper respiratory infection).

Discussion A low barrier of entry for Cosmos allows for the rapid accumulation of multi-institutional and mostly de-duplicated EHR data to power research and quality improvement queries characteristic of learning healthcare systems. Limitations are being vendor-specific, an “all or none” contribution model, and the lack of control over queries run on an institution's healthcare data.

Conclusion Cosmos provides a model for within-vendor data standardization and aggregation and a steppingstone for broader intervendor interoperability.
The Effect of Prenatal and Postnatal Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin on Severity of Neonatal Hemochromatosis: The Tale of Two Brothers (Case Report)
Authors: Mugarab-Samedi Veronica , Ryan Michelle D. , Awad Essa Hamdan Al , Elsharkawy Adel
Published: June 2021

Background Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a rare condition that was the main reason for liver transplantation in infants. With the realization that NH results from the fetal complement-mediated liver injury, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) were successfully introduced for the treatment.

Case Presentation We present two cases of NH from the same family to illustrate the role of antenatal treatment with IVIG in alleviation and possible prevention of this serious morbidity.

Conclusion A prenatal treatment and early postnatal administration of IVIG are effective ways to manage NH that help to reduce the severity of the symptoms, prevent liver failure, and avoid the need for liver transplantation.
Which Strategies Improve Physicians' Experience with Health Information Technology?
Authors: Haskell Jacqueline , Mandeville Brittany , Cooper Emily , Gardner Rebekah
Published: June 2021

Objectives While electronic health records (EHRs) have improved billing efficiency and note legibility, they may also disrupt clinical workflows, affect patient interactions, and contribute to physician burnout. This study aimed to identify effective strategies, as reported by physicians, to mitigate these EHR shortcomings.

Methods The Rhode Island Department of Health administers a health information technology (HIT) survey biennially to all physicians in active practice statewide. The 2019 survey asked physicians about strategies implemented personally or by their practice to improve their experience working with HIT. Physicians who identified at least one strategy were then asked if each implemented strategy was “actually useful.”

Results The 2019 survey was administered to 4,266 physicians, with a response rate of 43%. Both office- and hospital-based physicians most commonly reported that their practices had implemented voice-recognition dictation software (48 and 68%, respectively). Office- and hospital-based physicians identified self-care as the most commonly implemented personal change (48 and 47%, respectively). However, 26% of office-based and 15% of hospital-based physicians reported reducing clinical hours or working part-time to improve their experience working with HIT. The strategies identified as “actually useful” varied by practice setting and were not always the most widely implemented approaches.

Conclusion Most physicians reported that both they personally and their practices had implemented strategies to improve their experience with HIT. Physicians found some of these strategies more helpful than others, and the strategies identified as most useful differed between office- and hospital-based physicians. From a workforce and access perspective, prioritizing strategies that physicians find “actually useful” is critical, as many physicians in both settings reported reducing clinical hours to improve their experience.
Baum der Liebe
Authors: Beiser Rudi
Published: June 2021

Mit ihren herzförmigen Blättern und dem betörenden Duft ihrer Blüten, galt die Linde schon früh als Zeichen der Liebe. Unzählige Mythen und Sagen ranken sich um den Baum und machten ihn zum Inhalt zahlreicher Liebeslieder und Gedichte.
Feuer in den Gelenken
Authors: Brieschke Andreas
Published: June 2021

Die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) hat bei rechtzeitiger Diagnose heute viel von ihrem Schrecken verloren. Der Krankheitsverlauf ist durch die moderne schulmedizinische Therapie in der Regel gut beherrschbar. Ergänzende naturheilkundliche Maßnahmen verbessern die Prognose zusätzlich und eröffnen den Betroffenen viele Möglichkeiten, selbst aktiv zu Linderung oder Heilung beizutragen.
Die Heilkraft der Fieberbäume
Authors: Vigl Sebastian
Published: June 2021

Die Suche nach Heilpflanzen, die sich zur Behandlung der rheumatoiden Arthritis eignen, führt hoch hinaus. Denn in Rinde, Blättern und Blüten bestimmter Bäume sind Wirkstoffe zu finden, die nicht nur Fieber senken, sondern auch Schmerzen und Entzündungen lindern können.
Heidelbeere ist nicht gleich Heidelbeere
Authors: März Henrike
Published: June 2021

Sie unterscheiden sich nicht nur in der Größe der Früchte und im Geschmack. Wald- und Kulturheidelbeere haben teils auch unterschiedliche Ansprüche an Pflanzort, Boden und Haltung. Gibt man ihnen, was sie brauchen, lassen sie sich im heimischen Garten gut kultivieren.
Die unsichtbare Gefahr
Authors: März Henrike
Published: June 2021

Waldfrüchte und -kräuter, aber auch Obst und Salat aus dem eigenen Garten können mit Eiern des Fuchsbandwurms verunreinigt sein. Durch das Einhalten bestimmter Regeln lässt sich das Risiko einer Infektion minimieren.
The COVID-19 wicked problem in public health ethics: conflicting evidence, or incommensurable values?
Authors: Angeli Federica , Camporesi Silvia , Dal Fabbro Giorgia
Published: June 2021

While the world was facing a rapidly progressing COVID-19 second wave, a policy paradox emerged. On the one side, much more was known by Autumn 2020 about the mechanisms underpinning the spread and lethality of Sars-CoV-2. On the other side, how such knowledge should be translated by policymakers into containment measures appeared to be much more controversial and debated than during the first wave in Spring. Value-laden, conflicting views in the scientific community emerged about both problem definition and subsequent solutions surrounding the epidemiological emergency, which underlined that the COVID-19 global crisis had evolved towards a full-fledged policy “wicked problem”. With the aim to make sense of the seemingly paradoxical scientific disagreement around COVID-19 public health policies, we offer an ethical analysis of the scientific views encapsulated in the Great Barrington Declaration and of the John Snow Memorandum, two scientific petitions that appeared in October 2020. We show that how evidence is interpreted and translated into polar opposite advice with respect to COVID-19 containment policies depends on a different ethical compass that leads to different prioritization decisions of ethical values and societal goals. We then highlight the need for asituatedapproach to public health policy, which recognizes that policies are necessarily value-laden, and need to be sensitive to context-specific and historic socio-cultural and socio-economic nuances.
Features of radial electric field in impurity-seeded, detached plasma in a tokamak
Authors: Senichenkov I. , Kaveeva E. , Rozhansky V. , Coster D.
Published: June 2021

By modeling done with the SOLPS-ITER transport code, it is demonstrated that moderate radiating impurity seeding leads to the increase in the radial electric field by absolute value, while radial electric field remains close to the neoclassical one. In the seeded detached regime with a highly radiating X-point, the radial electric field deviates considerably from the neoclassical electric field. The radial dimension of the zone with increased poloidal E×B rotation shear is larger by absolute value than that corresponding to the moderate seeding. This effect might lead to the shift of the transport barrier further to the core and can partially compensate energy losses rise inside the separatrix, so the pedestal improvement might take place.
Nonreciprocity of spin waves in magnetic nanotubes with helical equilibrium magnetization
Authors: Salazar-Cardona M. M. , Körber L. , Schultheiss H. , Lenz K. , Thomas A. , Nielsch K. , Kákay A. , Otálora J. A.
Published: June 2021

Spin waves (SWs) in magnetic nanotubes have shown interesting nonreciprocal properties in their dispersion relation, group velocity, frequency linewidth, and attenuation lengths. The reported chiral effects are similar to those induced by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction but originating from the dipole–dipole interaction. Here, we show that the isotropic-exchange interaction can also induce chiral effects in the SW transport; the so-called Berry phase of SWs. We demonstrate that with the application of magnetic fields, the nonreciprocity of the different SW modes can be tuned between the fully dipolar governed and the fully exchange governed cases, as they are directly related to the underlying equilibrium state. In the helical state, due to the combined action of the two effects, every single sign combination of the azimuthal and axial wave vectors leads to different dispersions, allowing for a very sophisticated tuning of the SW transport. A disentanglement of the dipole–dipole and exchange contributions so far was not reported for the SW transport in nanotubes. Furthermore, we propose a device based on coplanar waveguides that would allow to selectively measure the exchange or dipole induced SW nonreciprocities. In the context of magnonic applications, our results might encourage further developments in the emerging field of 3D magnonic devices using curved magnetic membranes.
Computational Fermi level engineering and doping-type conversion of Mg:Ga2O3 via three-step synthesis process
Authors: Goyal Anuj , Zakutayev Andriy , Stevanović Vladan , Lany Stephan
Published: June 2021

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is being actively explored for electronics that can operate at high power, temperature, and frequency as well as for deep-ultraviolet optoelectronics and other applications due to its ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) and low projected fabrication cost of large-size and high-quality crystals. Efficient n-type doping of monoclinic beta-phase of Ga2O3 has been achieved, but p-type doping faces fundamental obstacles due to compensation, deep acceptor levels, and the polaron transport mechanism of free holes. However, aside from the challenges of achieving p-type conductivity, plenty of opportunity exists to engineer the position of the Fermi level for improved design of Ga2O3-based devices. We use first-principles defect theory and defect equilibrium calculations to simulate a three-step growth-annealing-quench synthesis protocol for hydrogen-assisted Mg doping in β-Ga2O3. The simulations take into account the gas phase equilibrium between H2, O2, and H2O, which determines the H chemical potential. We predict Ga2O3 doping-type conversion to a net p-type regime after growth under reducing conditions in the presence of H2 followed by O-rich annealing, which is a similar process to Mg acceptor activation by H removal in GaN. For equilibrium annealing with re-equilibration of compensating O vacancies, there is an optimal temperature that maximizes the Ga2O3 net acceptor density for a given Mg doping level; the acceptor density is further increased in the non-equilibrium annealing scenario without re-equilibration. After quenching to operating temperature, the Ga2O3 Fermi level drops below mid-gap down to about 1.5 eV above the valence band maximum, creating a significant number of uncompensated neutral MgGa0 acceptors. The resulting free hole concentration in Ga2O3 is very low even at elevated operating temperature (∼108 cm−3 at 400 °C) due to the deep energy level of these Mg acceptors, and hole conductivity is further impeded by the polaron hopping mechanism. However, the Fermi-level reduction and suppression of free electron density in this doping-type converted (NA > ND) Ga2O3 material are important for improved designs of Ga2O3 electronic devices. These results illustrate the power of computational predictions not only for new materials but also for their synthesis science.
Acoustic constant mode one-way device based on wave pattern filter
Authors: Liu Ming-Hao , Liu Guang-Sheng , Zou Xin-Ye , Cheng Jian-Chun
Published: June 2021

An acoustic one-way device plays an important role in acoustic wave regulation. However, traditional one-way structures mainly discuss the unidirectional behavior of acoustic energy and often suffer from changes in mode or frequency. Here, we propose an acoustic one-way waveguide device with acoustic soft boundaries in which a special wave pattern filter is constructed. The numerical and experimental results show that acoustic waves can pass through the acoustic waveguide device efficiently in the positive direction without any wave pattern change and can be totally reflected back in the negative direction. The effective cascade of two one-way waveguide devices is also realized. Our work may provide a practical and efficient approach to the innovative design possibilities in the fields of acoustic wave regulation and computing devices.
High-quality, temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy of single crystalline L-alanine: Experiment and density-functional theory
Authors: Sanders T. J. , Allen J. L. , Horvat J. , Lewis R. A.
Published: June 2021

For the first time, the terahertz transmittance spectra of l-alanine have been measured using a single crystal. Measurements were obtained over a large temperature range (12–300 K) and revealed 18 absorptions between 20 and 250 cm−1. These modes were sharp and symmetric, a feature of single crystals and low temperatures. The spectra were directly compared to those of a powdered pellet sample. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to confirm the sample’s structure and purity. With increasing temperature, all modes exhibit spectral redshift, well described by a Bose–Einstein model, indicating the phonon origin of the absorptions. The exceptions are the 91 and 128 cm−1 modes. The former blueshifts. The latter initially blueshifts but transitions to redshifting. Both behaviors are anomalous. Density-functional theory modeling helped assign all the observed modes.
Surface plasmon enhanced photoluminescence of monolayer WS2 on ion beam modified functional substrate
Authors: Chu Lingrui , Li Ziqi , Zhu Han , Li Rang , Ren Feng , Chen Feng
Published: June 2021

Developing efficient methods for boosting light–matter interactions is critical to improve the functionalities of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides toward next-generation optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate that the light–matter interactions in tungsten disulfide (WS2) monolayer can be significantly enhanced by introducing an air-stable functional substrate (fused silica with embedded plasmonic Ag nanoparticles). Distinctive from conventional strategies, the Ag nanoparticles are embedded under the surface of fused silica via ion implantation, forming a functional substrate for WS2 monolayer with remarkably environmental stability. A tenfold photoluminescence enhancement in WS2 monolayer has been achieved due to the plasmonic effect of Ag nanoparticles. This work offers a strategy to fabricate the plasmon-2D hybrid system at low cost and large scale and paves the way for their applications in optoelectronics and photonics.
A simulation-based study on water radiolysis species for 1H+, 4He2+, and 12C6+ ion beams with multiple ionization using Geant4-DNA
Authors: Baba Kentaro , Kusumoto Tamon , Okada Shogo , Ishikawa Masayori
Published: June 2021

Monte Carlo track structure simulation is a powerful method for estimating damage induced by water radiolysis products for cell killing. To investigate the influence of multiple ionization for the formation of water radiolysis products under 1H+, 4He2+, and 12C6+ ion beams, a Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4-DNA was carried out. The G-value of H2O2 increased monotonically with increasing linear energy transfer up to 200 eV/nm. Above 200 eV/nm, the G-value of H2O2 began dropping, but only when the influence of multiple ionization was considered. This trend is in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, we successfully reproduce the experimental results of G-values of HO2• + O2•−. The role of the multiple ionization in the production of H2O2, HO2•, O2•−, and O2 is also discussed.
Rational primary structure design for boosting the thermoelectric properties of semiconducting carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Komoto Junichi , Goto Chigusa , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2021

The precise control of carbon nanotube structures plays a crucial role in understanding their intrinsic transport as well as in utilizing them for energy harvesting applications. In this paper, we elucidate that slight differences in the purity and diameter distribution of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) lead to the significant modulation of thermoelectric transport in their networks. Conducting polymers examined here enable the sorting of the sc-SWCNTs with desired purity and diameter distribution, as well as fixed solid state morphology. Particularly, the approximately tenfold enhancement of thermoelectric power factors is achieved by improving sc-SWCNT purity from 94% to 99% and increasing mean diameters from 1.0 to 1.2 nm. This work provides a rational design for boosting the thermoelectric properties of sc-SWCNT networks.
Human variation in gingival inflammation
Authors: Bamashmous Shatha , Kotsakis Georgios A. , Kerns Kristopher A. , Leroux Brian G. , Zenobia Camille , Chen Dandan , Trivedi Harsh M. , McLean Jeffrey S. , Darveau Richard P.
Published: June 2021

Significance

Experimental gingivitis studies where dental hygiene is withheld from select teeth, allowing natural bacterial accumulation, provide a unique opportunity to study the reversible transition from health to inflammatory disease in humans. Longitudinal analysis of both the microbial and host changes during human experimental gingivitis revealed a previously unknown variation in the human host response and microbial succession sequence during inflammation. The significance of our findings can be summarized in two major points. First, the study comprehensively characterizes three different clinical responses—designated high, low, and slow—discerning unique host and microbial features that define each group. Second, we have unveiled previously unrecognized host protective mechanisms to prevent inflammatory bone resorption during reversible gingival inflammation.
Scalable live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate demonstrates preclinical safety and efficacy
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Chen , Song Yutong , Coleman J. Robert , Stawowczyk Marcin , Tafrova Juliana , Tasker Sybil , Boltz David , Baker Robert , Garcia Liliana , Seale Olivia , Kushnir Anna , Wimmer Eckard , Mueller Steffen
Published: June 2021

Significance

This work demonstrates the feasibility of rationally designing and synthesizing vaccine candidates for testing in response to an emerging disease in real world conditions. Furthermore, using a live attenuated codon-pair–deoptimized virus approach ensures that all components of the host immune system will be engaged, and potential effects from the vector sequences from hybrid live viruses are avoided. Evidence from other codon-deoptimized viruses suggests that COVI-VAC will be resistant to reversion and loss of potency due to antigenic drift. The ease of large-scale virus growth under permissive conditions coupled with the potential for single-dose intranasal administration make COVI-VAC an appealing candidate for clinical testing for possible use in mass immunization programs.
Efficiency analysis for quantitative MRI of T1 and T2 relaxometry methods
Authors: Leitão David , Teixeira Rui Pedro A. G. , Price Anthony , Uus Alena , Hajnal Joseph V. , Malik Shaihan J.
Published: June 2021

This study presents a comparison of quantitative MRI methods based on an efficiency metric that quantifies their intrinsic ability to extract information about tissue parameters. Under a regime of unbiased parameter estimates, an intrinsic efficiency metric

η

was derived for fully-sampled experiments which can be used to both optimize and compare sequences. Here we optimize and compare several steady-state and transient gradient-echo based qMRI methods, such as magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), for joint

T
1

and

T
2

mapping. The impact of undersampling was also evaluated, assuming incoherent aliasing that is treated as noise by parameter estimation. In vivo validation of the efficiency metric was also performed. Transient methods such as MRF can be up to 3.5 times more efficient than steady-state methods, when spatial undersampling is ignored. If incoherent aliasing is treated as noise during least-squares parameter estimation, the efficiency is reduced in proportion to the SNR of the data, with reduction factors of 5 often seen for practical SNR levels. In vivo validation showed a very good agreement between the theoretical and experimentally predicted efficiency. This work presents and validates an efficiency metric to optimize and compare the performance of qMRI methods. Transient methods were found to be intrinsically more efficient than steady-state methods, however the effect of spatial undersampling can significantly erode this advantage.
When quantum state tomography benefits from willful ignorance
Authors: Motka Libor , Paúr Martin , Řeháček Jaroslav , Hradil Zdeněk , Sánchez-Soto Luis L
Published: June 2021

We show that quantum state tomography with perfect knowledge of the measurement apparatus proves to be, in some instances, inferior to strategies discarding all information about the measurement at hand, as in the case of data pattern tomography. In those scenarios, the larger uncertainty about the measurement is traded for the smaller uncertainty about the reconstructed signal. This effect is more pronounced for minimal or nearly minimal informationally complete measurement settings, which are of utmost practical importance.
The Automatic Observation Management System of the GWAC Network. I. System Architecture and Workflow
Authors: Han Xuhui , Xiao Yujie , Zhang PinPin , Turpin Damien , Xin Liping , Wu Chao , Cai Hongbo , Dong Wenlong , Huang Lei , Kang Zhe , Leroy Nicolas , Li Huali , Li Zhenwei , Lu Xiaomeng , Qiu Yulei , Stahl Benjamin E. , Wang Jing , Wang Xianggao , Xu Yang , Yang Yuangui , Zhao Yong , Zhang Ruosong , Zheng Weikang , Zheng Yatong , Wei Jianyan
Published: June 2021

The Ground Wide Angle Camera Network (GWAC-N) is a network of robotic multi-aperture, multiple field-of-view (FoV) optical telescopes. The main contingent of GWAC-N instruments are provided by the Ground Wide Angle Cameras Array (GWAC-A), and additional, narrower FoV telescopes are utilized to provide fast multi-band follow-up capabilities. The primary scientific goal of the GWAC-N is to search for optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts that will be detected by the Space Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) satellite. The GWAC-N performs many additional observing tasks including follow-up of Target of Opportunities (ToO) targets and the detection (and monitoring) of variable objects and optical transients. To handle these use cases (and to allow for extensibility), we have designed ten observation modes and 175 observation strategies, including a joint strategy with multiple GWAC-N telescopes for the follow-up of gravitational wave (GW) events. To perform these observations, we develop an Automatic Observation Management (AOM) system capable of performing object management, dynamic scheduling, automatic broadcasting across the network, and image handling. The AOM system combines the individual telescopes which comprise the GWAC-N into a network and smoothly organizes all associated operations, completely meeting the requirements dictated by GWAC-N. With its modular design, the AOM is scientifically and technically viable for other general-purpose telescope networks. As the GWAC-N extends and evolves, the AOM will greatly enhance its discovery potential. In this first paper of a series, we present the scientific goals of the GWAC-N and detail the hardware, software, and workflow developed to achieve these goals. The structure, technical design, implementation, and performance of the AOM system are also described in detail. We conclude with a summary of the current status of the GWAC-N and our near-future development plan.
Finite element analysis of two-way hollow core reinforced concrete slab under punching repeated load
Authors: Tameemi Waleed A , Alwash Nameer A
Published: June 2021

This research provides informationabout the finite element analysis of the structural behavior of an innovative new type of two-wayhollow reinforced concrete (RC) slabs of two-way plastic piping system under the effects of concentratedpunching repeated loads. This new type of two-way hollow slab could be constructedbyreplacing part of the concrete volume by a continuous network of two-way plastic piping systemsto cutportion of the dead loads by reducing the self-weight of the createdslabsas well as offering networks of voids inside the RC slab which could be valuable for passing utility lines. The reliability of elements forms, material characteristics, types of constantsand the convergence study of the proposed finite element model of the new type of two-way hollow RC slabswas confirmed by the outcomes of the numerical study and the experimental results using five different parametric studies. The proposed FE modeshowed satisfactoryaccuracy with a maximum varianceratio of about 0.11in comparison with the ultimate loading capacity of the experimental behavior. The results weredemonstratingthe efficiency of the new methodology of producing two-way hollow RC slabs using the two-way piping system by reducing the self-weight by about 24% with maintaining about 79% of the total strength. Moreover, the reduction in the strength could be eliminated by locating the networks of plastic pipes out of the locations of the maximum stresses, adding micro steel fiber, using high strength concrete or increasing the reinforcement ratio.
Review on Bond Strength of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete
Authors: Ramasamy Krishnaraja Ammapalayam , Sadasivam Yuvarani , Rajaram Vishnu , Nithiyananthan Yogesh , Anandaraj S , Harihanandh M
Published: June 2021

Many buildings have either reached the end of their lifespan or were designed without meeting the requirements. Large quantities of concrete debris result from the demolition or repair work in such buildings can be reused. The use of reused aggregate concrete to replace the aggregates in conventional concrete will help to alleviate the aggregate shortages. By reusing the construction waste materials, we can reduce the waste generation and also can conserve the environment. Many researchers had proved that the strength of the recycled aggregate concretes (RAC) is similar to that of conventional concretes. The main aim of this review is to study the concrete strength prepared with the reused coarse aggregate concrete relating to the bond strength, compressive strength and tensile strength by replacement level and also by adding chemical admixtures.
The evolution of LPSO phase and its influence on grain size during cooling free forging
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Xiao Zhongliang , Yang Zhen , Liu Pengzhan
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the deformation behavior of the LPSO phase of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr and its influence on the grain size are studied during the cooling free forging deformation. Studies have shown that cooling free forging can refine different forms of LPSO phases. The lamellar and block LPSO phases are kinked and broken during the deformation process. The kink angle and the number of kinks of the lamellar phase are greater than that of the block phase. With the increase of the cooling pass, the fragmentation of the lamellar phase is more violent. The kink and broken of the LPSO phase significantly refined the grain size by dividing the grains and promoting dynamic recrystallization. The grain size has dropped significantly from 113 μm in one pass to 12 μm in three passes. Uniform fine structure improves alloy mechanical properties through the Hall-Petch principle. The ultimate tensile strength of three-pass alloy reaches 323.2 MPa, the yield strength reaches 239.9 MPa, and the elongation reaches 17.1%.