bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
علاقة نادي الفتاة الرياضي بالمؤسسات والمجتمع في مدينة الموصل ( دراسة تاريخية )
Authors: العبد الله محمد , امين رعد احمد
Published: October 2023

إن الرياضة النسوية لها مكان متميز في المنافسات الحديثة وهذا ما أثبتته الأرقام الحاصلة في فعاليات الرياضة النسوية وأن زيادة البرنامج الأولمبي النسوي خير برهان على ذلك فقد دخلت الكثير من الفعاليات إلى الألعاب الأولمبية وأن نتائج بعض النساء أفضل من نتائج الرجال في بعض الألعاب وقد تكون هذه الحالات فردية إلا إن هذا التطور لا يمكن إن نعده مجرد صدفة ان هدف البحث هو التعرف على علاقة نادي الفتاة الرياضي بالمؤسسات والمجتمع في مدينة الموصل، اما منهجية البحث فقد استخدم الباحثان منهج البحث التاريخي وهذا المنهج يقوم على جمع العناصر ومسبباتها التي أدت إلى وقوع الأحداث في الماضي ، وقد استنتج الباحثان إن الرياضة النسوية لها مكانة متميزة في المنافسات الحديثة وهذا ما أثبتته الأرقام الحاصلة في فعاليات الرياضة النسوية ، كما استنتج الباحثان ان مدينة الموصل لم يكن فيها ناد رياضي تخصصي يلم شمل الألعاب الرياضية ويضم مدربين ولاعبين وإداريين وهيئة عامة في جميع الألعاب حتى الألعاب التي كان الشباب الموصلي ، وانحصر النشاط الرياضي الممارس في أنشطة وسباقات مديرية معارف الموصل والجيش والشرطة وبعض مؤسسات الحكومة في ذلك الوقت ، وكانت بداية تأسيس أندية الفتاة في العراق بانطلاق الفكرة من قبل اتحاد الرياضة النسوية في اللجنة الاولمبية الوطنية العراقية بتشكيل أندية للفتاة في عموم المحافظات العراقية .
اما توصيات البحث فقد اكدت على ضرورة الاهتمام بالرياضة النسوية في العراق بشكل عام وفي محافظة نينوى بشكل خاص، والاستمرار بتقديم الدعم المادي واللوجيستي وتطوير الجانب النسوي العامل في المجال الرياضي لتحمل المسؤولية الرياضية والإدارية في الاتحادات والأندية الرياضية النسوية .
تأثير الحوار الصفي (قاعة الدرس) والمجاميع الصغيرة في تحصيل طلبة المرحلة الثالثة لمادة كرة القدم في كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة
Authors: حسن فرهود محمد
Published: October 2023

يعد المنهج وسيلة من وسائل التربية والأساس الذي ترتكز عليه والنقطة الحيوية التي تصل المتعلم بالعالم المحيط به . والوسيلة التي يصل بها الشعب إلى ما يبتغيه من أهداف وآمال.   
ولذلك أكد المنهج الحديث على أهمية المتعلم وايجابيته ويحثّه على التعاون ويمرنه على النقد مع مراعاة الفروق الفردية بين الطلبة ويدرّبهم على الأساليب الديمقراطية وينمي لديهم الميول والمهارات والاتجاهات التعليمية. ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على تأثير الحوار الصفي (قاعة الدرس) والمجاميع الصغيرة في تحصيل طلبة المرحلة الثالثة لمادة طرائق التدريس في كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة جامعة المثنى، واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي باستخدام المجموعات المتكافئة، واختار الباحث كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضةـ جامعة المثنى اختياراً قصدياً لتطبيق تجربته، اختار الباحث شعبة (أ) للطالبات لتمثل عينة البحث التجريبية الاولى عشوائيا التي ستدرس طالباتها مادة كرة القدم باتباع الحوار الصفي ( قاعة الدرس) ، وقد بلغ عدد طلبة (20) طالبة ، والمجموعة الثانية وهي شعبة (ج)  التي ستدرس مادة كرة القدم باتباع الحوار بالمجاميع الصغيرة وقد بلغ عدد الطلبة (20) والمجموعة الضابطة التي ستدرس مادة كرة القدم بالطريقة التقليدية وهي شعبة (ب) وقد بلغ عدد طلبتها(20) وهي بذلك تشكل ما نسبته (40%) من المجتمع الأصلي للمرحلة الثالثة. وتوصلت الدراسة الى تفضيل استعمال طريقتي الحوار الصفي والمجاميع الصغيرة على الطريقة الإلقائية ( المحاضرة ) في زيادة التحصيل أثناء تدريس مادة مادة كرة القدم لدى طلبة المرحلة الثالثة كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة، وقد اوصت الدراسة بالتأكيد على استخدام طرائق التدريس الحديثة كطريقة الحوار الصفي وطريقة الحوار بالمجاميع الصغيرة في تدريس مادة كرة القدم وذلك لأهميتها في زيادة التحصيل لدى الطلبة.
Harmonizing Rhythms and Movements: Unveiling the Secrets of Multimodal Synchronization in Musical Ensembles through the Analysis of Audio and Visual Cues
Authors: Boladuro Emmanuel , Odu Anthomy , olaoyegodwin  , Adedokun Daniel
Published: October 2023

Music, often described as the universal language of emotion and expression, has the remarkable ability to bring together disparate individuals into a harmonious collective, forming musical ensembles that enchant and move audiences worldwide. The magic of a musical ensemble lies not only in the melodies and harmonies it produces but also in the intricate synchronization of rhythms and movements among its members. This synchronization is a fascinating and often unexplored aspect of musical performance, where musicians, through their collective efforts, become more than the sum of their parts.Musical ensemble synchronization, whether it's an orchestra, a rock band, a choir, or any other musical group, is a complex interplay of various sensory cues. While the auditory dimension is perhaps the most apparent, musicians also rely on visual cues to maintain cohesion and alignment during their performances. The combination of audio and visual information in the process of ensemble synchronization forms the crux of what is known as multimodal synchronization.This endeavors to delve into the intricacies of multimodal synchronization in musical ensembles by closely examining the roles of both audio and visual cues in this phenomenon. It aims to unveil the secrets behind how musicians harmonize their rhythms and movements, contributing to the seamless and captivating performances that captivate audiences. The study of multimodal synchronization is not only of interest to musicians and musicologists but also holds relevance for the broader fields of psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Understanding how musicians, through audio and visual cues, achieve synchronization can shed light on human perception, communication, and cooperation.By investigating this fascinating aspect of musical performance, we aim to answer questions such as: How do musicians rely on auditory information, such as timing, tempo, pitch, and harmony, to stay in sync? How do visual cues, including non-verbal communication through body language, eye contact, and gestures, play a role in maintaining ensemble cohesion? Furthermore, how do musicians adapt to and integrate both audio and visual cues into their performances? This research seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on multimodal synchronization and offer insights into the intricacies of musical ensemble performance.In the following sections, we will delve into the existing literature, outline the research methodology, present findings, and discuss their implications for musicians, educators, and the broader scientific community. Through the analysis of audio and visual cues in the context of musical ensembles, we aim to bring the secrets of multimodal synchronization into the limelight, uncovering the hidden dynamics that make musical harmony possible.
Teresia Aflinggia Tewa
Authors: Tewa Teresia Aflinggia
Published: October 2023

Perundungan di lingkungan pendidikan merupakan masalah serius yang mempengaruhi tidak hanya korbannya tetapi juga seluruh komunitas sekolah. Penelitian ini membahas pentingnya kesadaran sosial dalam mengatasi perundungan di lingkungan pendidikan. Kesadaran sosial, yang mencakup empati, penghargaan terhadap perbedaan, dan kemampuan berkomunikasi secara efektif, memiliki peran krusial dalam menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang aman, inklusif, dan menghargai keberagaman.Melalui analisis terhadap studi kasus, survei, dan wawancara dengan para pendidik, siswa, dan orang tua, penelitian ini menyoroti bagaimana peningkatan kesadaran sosial dapat mengurangi insiden perundungan. Pendidik yang terlatih dalam mengajarkan keterampilan sosial kepada siswa dapat membantu mereka mengembangkan empati, pengertian, dan rasa tanggung jawab terhadap tindakan mereka. Siswa yang sadar akan dampak negatif dari perundungan lebih mungkin melibatkan diri dalam tindakan pencegahan dan menjadi agen perubahan di lingkungan sekolah mereka.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program-program pelatihan kesadaran sosial tidak hanya membantu mengurangi kasus perundungan, tetapi juga meningkatkan kualitas hubungan sosial antara siswa. Selain itu, melibatkan orang tua dalam pendekatan pendidikan kesadaran sosial membantu menciptakan dukungan yang kuat di rumah dan sekolah, yang pada akhirnya hmengurangi tingkat perundungan.Kesimpulannya, peningkatan kesadaran sosial di kalangan siswa, pendidik, dan orang tua memiliki potensi besar untuk menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang aman dan inklusif. Oleh karena itu, integrasi pelatihan kesadaran sosial ke dalam kurikulum pendidikan formal dapat menjadi langkah yang efektif dalam memerangi perundungan dan menciptakan masyarakat pendidikan yang lebih baik bagi semua.
Aaron Swartz on Wikipedia. Vol. III : ‘Peter Stearns’ to ‘Fred Kaplan’
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: October 2023

editor's and technical notes from p. 181
Harmonizing the Future: Robot-Human Synchronization in Musical Ensembles - Progress and Challenges
Authors: Steve Mangrove , Odu Anthomy , Rose Jack , Adedokun Daniel
Published: October 2023

Music has long been a universal language that transcends cultural boundaries, a medium that touches the soul and brings people together in harmony. The beauty of music lies not just in the melodies and rhythms, but also in the human connection it fosters. However, in an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and innovation, music is experiencing a transformation like never before. The stage is now set for a unique, harmonious collaboration between humans and robots in musical ensembles."Harmonizing the Future: Robot-Human Synchronization in Musical Ensembles - Progress and Challenges" delves into an exciting and evolving dimension of musical performance. In this era of automation and artificial intelligence, musicians are increasingly sharing the limelight with robotic counterparts, forming ensembles that blend human creativity with the precision and reliability of machines. The prospect of such a union opens the door to new artistic possibilities, but it also presents a host of challenges that must be addressed to fully realize this harmonious future.This exploration seeks to unravel the story of robot-human synchronization in musical ensembles. It will journey through the historical roots of this collaboration, survey the current state of affairs, and contemplate the progress that has been achieved, as well as the myriad challenges that lie ahead. As technology and the arts converge, it is essential to understand how this fusion is redefining the very essence of musical performance and composition, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of human-robot cooperation.The harmonious future of music awaits, where machines and humans come together to create something greater than the sum of their parts. This is a future where precision meets passion, where algorithms are entwined with emotions, and where the fusion of technology and artistry gives birth to musical expressions previously unattainable. As we embark on this journey, we will discover the progress made and the hurdles that must be overcome to create music that resonates with both the heart and the circuit board.
Leveraging generative AI to acculturate away from climate apathy
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Ho Tung Manh
Published: October 2023

This essay calls stakeholders’ attention toward the alignment of ethics in three spheres that will determine the continued existence of mankind: human to human, human to nature, and human to machines. Thus, it articulates three conditions to harness the power of generative AI chatbots so that we can build a culture, i.e., acculturate away from climate apathy. We believe that our powerful AI systems can genuinely partner with us to guide us beyond the tragedy of the commons, as well as the tragedy of commonsense morality that has afflicted our thoughts and emotions concerning long-term problems, such as averting climate disasters.
Energy use and its contributors in hotels: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arenhart Rodrigo Schons , Martins Tailon , Ueda Renan Mitsuo , Souza Adriano Mendonça , Zanini Roselaine Ruviaro
Published: October 2023

This research seeks to elaborate a systematic literature review and meta-analysis protocol, following the PRISMA-P reporting method, to gather quantitative evidence that delineates the relationships between energy use within hotels and its contributing factors. Additionally, this research will explor whether these relationships are influenced by geographic location, hotel type, scale, study duration, or other constraints outlined in the existing literature. In this context, it is crucial to create a comprehensive overview of empirical investigations related to hotels energy management and organizational performance. This aims to visually represent and comprehend the theories and frameworks that have been employed, ascertain the existence of consensus, and identify research gaps and future directions in the subject.
The Convergence of Business, Information Technology, and Education: A Review of Interdisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Rojab Ahmad
Published: October 2023

The intricate relationship between business, information technology (IT), and education, exploring their convergence. The primary issue addressed is the dynamic interaction among these fields, emphasizing the transformation of education and business practices. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of interdisciplinary approaches in education and their implications for business and IT. Employing a systematic literature review methodology, the findings reveal that interdisciplinary models, collaboration between academia and industry, and the integration of IT are pivotal in fostering innovation and adaptability. Furthermore, emerging trends in technology adoption and pedagogical strategies for effective interdisciplinary learning are identified as promising research directions. The article underscores the significance of interdisciplinary education in preparing individuals for the evolving landscape of the digital age, while providing insights for educators, researchers, and practitioners navigating this dynamic terrain.
The neural basis of politically motivated reasoning.
Authors: Lois Giannis , Yuen Kenneth S.L. , Tsakas Elias , Riedl Arno
Published: October 2023

The increasing politicization of scientific topics have raised crucial questions about the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie politically motivated reasoning. Using an experimental design that identifies motivated reasoning as directional deviations from a Bayesian benchmark, we asked members of opposing opinion-based groups to what extent they endorse factual messages on a polarizing political topic. Both groups exhibited a desirability bias by over-endorsing desirable messages and under-endorsing undesirable messages and an identity bias by over-endorsing messages from ingroup sources and under-endorsing messages from outgroup sources. In both groups, brain activity in regions implicated in encoding value, error detection and adjustment, and mentalizing tracked the degree of desirability bias. In contrast, less extensive activation within the mentalizing network tracked the degree of identity bias. These findings provide direct neural evidence of the cognitive architecture of two distinct forms of politically motivated reasoning and highlight the universality of these processes across ideologically opposing groups.
Motivated reasoning or biased prior impressions: Updating trust towards partisan sources based on evidence
Authors: Lois Giannis , Tsakas Elias , Riedl Arno
Published: October 2023

A prominent explanation for the growing trend of belief polarization in political issues is that people engage in motivational reasoning to affirm their ideology and to protect their partisan identities. An alternative explanation is that people seek the truth but use partisanship as an a-priori criterion of what constitutes a credible source of political information. In two experiments, we test these competing explanations by employing a dynamic setting where accuracy-motivated individuals can gradually learn which partisan source is credible based on evidence. In each round, Democrats and Republicans are asked to update their prior estimations about a neutral or a politically relevant topic based on information they receive from another partisan (i.e., ingroup or outgroup source). Both partisan groups initially trusted ingroup sources more than outgroup sources, a pattern that was stronger among partisans with high affective polarization. However, across rounds, this identity bias declined, or even changed direction, as supporters of both groups gradually learned to trust reliable sources more than unreliable sources irrespective of source’s partisanship. Importantly, the partisanship of the sources and the political relevance of the shared information did not affect the learning rate. In contrast, the strength of evidence regarding sources’ actual reliability influenced the learning rate. These findings demonstrate that partisans do not exhibit a persistent motivation to protect their identities. Although they exhibit an initial bias in trusting partisan sources, they are motivated by accuracy and, in the presence of strong evidence, they gradually learn to trust credible sources irrespective of partisanship.
Biocultural evolution and human language diversity
Authors: Sinha Chris
Published: October 2023

The turn of the century witnessed key developments in biological sciences with profound implications both for biological theory and for the sciences of language. The decoding of the human genome showed that humans share with their closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, between 95% and 98% of their genes, depending on the methodology for establishing similarity. This finding threw doubt on the plausibility of the claim that the human language capacity is a consequence of a species-unique, genetically determined neurobiological innovation. Around the same time, it was shown that cultural variation is not unique to the human species; this was initially demonstrated with reference to chimpanzees, but it has since been shown that cultural variation and cultural transmission occurs in a variety of mammalian and avian species. In theoretical biology, the ‘Central Dogma’ of Neo-Darwinism was challenged by the (re-)emergence of epigenetic and ecologically based niche construction approaches. These developments have led to an increasing acceptance of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis originally called for by C.H. Waddington, that goes beyond, and in some crucial respects contradicts, the Neo-Darwinian modern synthesis of the mid-twentieth century. Together, these developments of recent decades compel the recognition that biology and culture cannot be seen, as they largely were in the last century, as competing ‘causes’ of human cognition and language. This recasting of evolutionary theory cannot fail to impact the foundations of biolinguistics. A 21st century biolinguistics needs to accommodate contemporary findings in biology and related disciplines through the elaboration of a biocultural language science that is fundamentally interdisciplinary, situated in contemporary accounts of human evolution, and recognizes the biocultural foundations of cultural and linguistic diversity.
Civilization of manners and misophonia
Authors: Norena Arnaud
Published: October 2023

Misophonia is a disorder of tolerance to specific sounds (i.e. trigger sounds), such as chewing, throat clearing or breathing sounds, produced by humans, which can trigger intense emotional reactions (anger, disgust). This relatively prevalent disorder can cause a reduction in the quality of life. The causes of misophonia are still unclear. In this article, we develop a “social” hypothesis based on the work of Norbert Elias. Misophonia would be an exaggerated reaction to behaviours (of others) that have been subject to rigorous social conditioning, which are supposed to be strictly regulated and repressed. The social rules imposed by society, accompanying the long process of pacification and increasing interdependence between individuals over the centuries, would be at the origin of this conditioning. The function of this conditioning, achieved mainly through shame and disgust, would be to preserve social cohesion, through the strict training of behaviour. It is indeed imperative to control oneself, to act in a thoughtful and balanced way, to spare others by taking into account their expectations, in short to behave in a “courteous” way. Imposed and less spontaneous behaviour creates a sense of modesty and distance between individuals. The obligation to strictly regulate behaviour and affect in public contributes to the creation of an interiority, an "inner self". The feeling of intrusion by others is a collateral effect of this process of distancing and individualisation. The rigorous integration of the social rule by the misophonic subject may account for the fact that any violation of the rule is considered unacceptable. In order to put an end to the unpleasant situation, i.e. to the intrusion generated by the “encroachment” of others, the subject has no other choice but to flee or to attack the author of the sound.
Hidden reward: Affect and its prediction errors as windows into subjective value
Authors: Vollberg Marius C. , Sander David
Published: October 2023

Scientists increasingly apply concepts from reinforcement learning to affect, but which concepts should apply? And what can their application reveal that we cannot know from directly observable states? An important reinforcement learning concept is the difference between reward expectations and outcomes. Such reward prediction errors have become foundational to research on adaptive behavior in humans, animals, and machines. Owing to historical focus on animal models and observable reward (e.g., food or money), however, relatively little attention has been paid to the fact that humans can additionally report correspondingly expected and experienced affect (e.g., feelings). Reflecting a broader “Rise of Affectivism”, attention has started to shift, revealing explanatory power of expected and experienced feelings—including prediction errors—above and beyond observable reward. We propose that applying concepts from reinforcement learning to affect holds promise for elucidating subjective value. Simultaneously, we urge scientists to test—rather than inherit— concepts that may not apply directly.
Navigating invisibility and invalidity: strategies used by bisexual+ people to manage negative social representations
Authors: Wright-Bevans Katie , Richards Michael , Roberts Annabel Debra
Published: October 2023

Bisexual+ people (those romantically or sexually attracted to more than one gender) make up the largest group within the LGBTQ+ umbrella yet are often positioned as an invisible minority within a minority. Bisexual+ people are at greater risk of many poor health and social outcomes than their gay, lesbian and heterosexual peers. Prejudice towards bisexual+ people is pervasive both in heteronormative society and LGBTQ+ communities with bisexuals+ being seen as greedy, confused or secretly gay/straight. Our research aimed to explore experiences of bisexuality through the lens of social representation theory and investigate how social representations of bisexuality are managed by bisexual+ people. Qualitative survey responses from 784 bisexual+ individuals were analysed using thematic analysis through the lens of social representation theory. We identified how bisexual+ people adopted one of two strategies in order to manage the socio-cultural torrent of binegativity in society – avoidance or resistance. Each of these strategies go some way to explaining both the individual ill effects of being bisexual and the persistence of negative social representations of bisexuality while pointing to a need to better understand representations of bisexuality under the LGBTQ+ umbrella as well as above it.
Social network structure shapes the formation of true and false memories at collective level
Authors: Valle Tania , Krizovenska Annamaria , Garcia Josue , Bajo María Teresa , Fuentemilla Lluís
Published: October 2023

Societal structures and theoretical models of memory organization share network-like features, suggesting potential mutual insights into how information spreads and shapes collective memories. Here, we used experimental manipulations of the topological structure in lab-created community networks during a computer-mediated conversational recall task of lists of words from a DRM paradigm to test a central premise from the spreading of activation account in cognitive psychology: the emergence of true and false memories. We hypothesized that social network structure, whether clustered or not, would influence the formation of true and false memories. We found that information exchange promoted true memories in clustered networks by reinforcing the mnemonic convergence of the community members’ memories. Conversely, nonclustered networks lead to a greater number of false memories by increasing widespread cross-activation of nonoverlapping memories, blurring the boundaries between true and false memories. Current findings provide empirical evidence that mnemonic spreading within the social network influenced the emergence of true and false memories and highlight the dynamic interplay between network topology, memory dynamics, and collective knowledge evolution, shedding light on memory processes in both individual and social contexts.
The Elements of Intervention: The Illegal Taliban Government
Authors: Wangchuk Tandin
Published: October 2023

International law has not set up a solid legal standard that permits intervention in the domestic affairs of another state. Every sovereign state is entitled to non-intervention in its domestic affairs. However, there are circumstances when this right must be suspended. The recent Taliban takeover of Afghanistan is arguably one such example.I propose that two elements must be satisfied to permit a state to intervene in the domestic affairs of another state. Then using the Taliban takeover as an example and applying the two elements, we will determine whether states can intervene in the domestic affairs of Afghanistan. The first element is based on the notions of ‘legitimacy’ as set forth in the Tobar Doctrine. Where the government of a state comes into power by extra-constitutional means within its state and lacks popular support, it would satisfy the first element for intervention. Since the Taliban came into power by extra constitutional means and lacks popular support from the Afghan citizens, it satisfies the first element. The second element is based on the principle of ‘Responsibility to Protect’. Where the purpose of the established government is to violate the human rights of its citizens, the second element permitting intervention is satisfied. The Taliban rule systematically violates human rights of its citizens, therefore it satisfies the second element. Since both elements are satisfied, states are permitted to intervene in the domestic affairs of Afghanistan to remove the Taliban government on behalf of the Afghan citizens.The paper is divided into three parts. Part I will provide a brief background. Provide II will provide and discuss the two elements and apply them to the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan. Part III will conclude the paper.
Spatial ability predicts short-term retention of declarative technical information in authentic engineering educational settings: An original study with two conceptual replications
Authors: Hyland Tomás , Seery Niall , Buckley Jeffrey
Published: October 2023

An association between spatial ability, particularly visualization, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has been repeatedly demonstrated over the past four decades. Understanding this relationship is of critical importance as substantial evidence illustrates the malleability of spatial ability and that the effects of associated training interventions transfer to desirable STEM outcomes such as improved educational performance and reduced attrition rates. There currently exists a number of theories as to why spatial ability relates to STEM, such as that the nature of STEM activity is inherently spatial. However, there is a need to better understand this relationship from a cognitive perspective. This research examined the hypothesis that spatial ability is predictive of short-term retention for declarative technical information associated with engineering curricula. An original investigation in an authentic educational setting found that visualisation and interest in the lecture material were significant predictors of short-term knowledge retention. This effect was then replicated in two subsequent conceptual replication studies. Based on this predictive finding, it is theorised that increases in spatial ability may support the elongation of the knowledge forgetting curve which would have significant implications for instructional design.
Welfare Euroscepticism and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Eick Gianna Maria
Published: October 2023

While the European Union (EU) increasingly strengthens its social integration, opposition towards this process can also be observed, here defined as 'welfare Euroscepticism'. To better understand this newly defined policy paradigm, this paper aims to explain longstanding cleavages in both social policy and EU research: socioeconomic status (SES) divides. The main argument is, that SES groups tend to follow their self-interest regarding welfare Euroscepticism and particularly the EU-wide minimum income benefit proposal examined in this paper. This means, while it is usually the higher SES groups that support EU policies, EU social policies can be assumed to receive more support from lower SES groups. This main argument and its underlying explanations are examined through a multilevel approach using European Social Survey data from 18 EU member states. First, the results demonstrate that welfare Euroscepticism is indeed more prevalent among higher SES groups than lower SES groups (measured through occupation, education, income, and employment). The results indicate robust self-interest patterns among higher SES groups that do not want to carry (perceived) financial burdens of EU social policies. The opinion patterns also emphasise the multidimensionality of attitudes towards EU policies since the SES cleavages can reverse, depending on the policy in focus. Overall the results indicate much potential to mobilise the larger proportion of the public to support EU social policies, i.e., lower SES groups. However, potential conflicts may arise when the EU expands on policies their traditional supporters – higher SES groups – are more likely to oppose. The paper also shows that welfare solidarity on the individual and the country level can mitigate such conflicts. This is because higher levels of welfare generosity and lower levels of welfare chauvinism on the individual and the country level are related to smaller SES cleavages.
Genes and Equality of Opportunity: Lessons from a highly egalitarian country
Authors: Erola Jani , Baier Tina , Lehti Hannu
Published: October 2023

The role of genes is largely ignored in studies on equality of opportunity (EoO). We theorise how genetic influences should factor into these discussions regarding social stratification outcomes. Fair EoO accepts genetics as a source of individual differences in high education and high income. Luck-egalitarians do not perceive genes as a legitimate source of inequality and expect genetic influences to be weak. Neither perspective allows for systematic variation by socioeconomic standing (SES). We test these assumptions with twin methods using register data from Finland. In this highly egalitarian welfare state, gene-related inequalities should be either particularly contrasted or minimised, depending on the theoretical account being followed. Both fair and luck-egalitarian EoO expectations are only met for low-income: genetic influences were minimal and equally important across the social strata. By contrast, for high education and high income, genetic influences were strongest in high SES families. Regarding low education, they were highest in low SES families. Additionally, genetic correlations between GPA and educational outcomes varied by SES. Together, our findings suggest that compensatory and multiplicative advantages operate for the benefit of high SES families, conflicting with any understanding of the EoO, even in the most egalitarian country.
An Officer and a Gentlewoman: Why Congress Should Modernize Article 133 of the UCMJ
Authors: Monea Nino C.
Published: October 2023

Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice—the penal code for the armed forces—makes it a crime for an officer to do anything that is “unbecoming an officer and a gentleman.” This Article argues that Congress should modernize the statute to acknowledge the contributions of servicewomen to the officers’ corps and the unequal treatment they had to endure in order to serve their country by making the offense gender neutral. Given that Congress is poised to overhaul the military justice system, there is no reason why this relic should not be addressed.
What is Platform Governance?
Authors: Gorwa Robert
Published: October 2023

Following a host of high-profile scandals, the political influence of platform companies (the global corporations that that operate online ‘platforms’ such as Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, and many other online services) is slowly being re-evaluated. Amidst growing calls to regulate these companies and make them more democratically accountable, and a host of policy interventions that are actively being pursued in Europe and beyond, a better understanding of how platform practices, policies, and affordances (in effect, how platforms govern) interact with the external political forces trying to shape those practices and policies is needed. Building on digital media and communication scholarship as well as governance literature from political science and international relations, the aim of this article is to map an interdisciplinary research agenda for platform governance, a concept intended to capture the layers of governance relationships structuring interactions between key parties in today's platform society, including platform companies, users, advertisers, governments, and other political actors.
Dependency and Super-exploitation of Labor: Theoretical Perspectives, Methodological Issues, and Research Agendas
Authors: Valencia Adrián Sotelo , Felix Gil
Published: October 2023

This article systematizes the theoretical perspective of dependency and super-exploitation of labor in Latin America and the world today, as well as the methodological issues that are involved in empirical studies carried out based on these references. To do this, firstly, we explain the concept of labor exploitation in Marx and in the Marxist theory of dependency as it was originally exposed by Brazilian sociologist Ruy Mauro Marini. Then, taking into account the research made in recent decades, we analyze the studies and research agendas relating to this topic.
A novel Bayesian Network modelling approach that can ideally represent the information contained in a set of sample data
Authors: Xie Gang , Wang Bing , Manyweathers Jennifer
Published: October 2023

The ultimate goal of statistical modelling is to best represent the information contained in a set of sample data. A sampling subject (i.e., an experimental unit or an observational unit on which measurements were taken) in a data collection scheme can be a person, a plant, an animal, or even an event, etc. In this study, Bayesian Network (BN) models were fitted to four data sets to explore the potential for ideal representation of a data set. BN models following both the conventional regression approach and the novel sampling-subject-oriented approach were built for comparison of the model fitting and predictive performance, using both research project and textbook data sets. The sampling-subject-oriented approach treated the sampling subject as the target variable for specification of the optimal model structure via Tree Augmented Naive Bayes algorithm. The results showed clear superiority of the sampling-subject-oriented approach models. A BN model following the sampling-subject-oriented approach had great potential for quantifying interrelationships between variables of mixed types in a complex model, hence it was particularly suitable for analysing data sets from a survey study with large numbers of numeric and categorical interrelated variables. Interested can download the textbook data sets and all the BN models presented in this article from this weblink: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gang-john-Xie/research.
Low Income, Poor Outcome: Unequal Treatment of Indigent Defendants
Authors: Monea Nino C.
Published: October 2023

It is no secret that the law treats poor people worse than rich ones. This is true in criminal law and everywhere else. But some laws do not simply result in disparate impact upon the poor—the way they are written explicitly targets or disadvantages the poor. This Article examines the spectrum of expressly biased laws in four major categories. First, laws that criminalize poverty: bans on poor housing or no housing, traffic laws that require nothing more than paying for things, and cash bail that imprisons people without access to credit. Second, courts impose an enormous number of unwaivable fees at every step of the criminal justice system, and failure to pay results in incarceration—a modern day debtor prison. Third, many criminal procedure rules place the needy on unequal footing. Only indigent defendants are required to suffer reduced expectations of privacy, disclose certain information, face judicial scrutiny, endure low caps on what their attorneys can be paid, or go into hearing without an attorney. And fourth, after conviction, these defendants face unique hurdles to recover for wrongful imprisonment or expensive expungement processes.
Vanguards of Democracy: Juries as Forerunners of Representative Government
Authors: Monea Nino C.
Published: October 2023

Juries are the most diverse institution of government. Due to the random selection of members, ease of access, and procedural rights to challenge the exclusion of protected classes, juries reflect the diversity of America far better than legislatures, courts, the bar, and virtually every other civic institution. This Article aims to do two things. First, document how juries have become more diverse along the lines of income, gender, and race; and how each of these groups had to surmount the powers that be to take their place in American jury boxes. Second, demonstrate how juries allowed marginalized groups in each of these categories to exercise political power sooner and more solidly than other institutions of government. As a result, current declines in the use of jury trials mean less-representative decision-makers will have a larger role in our jurisprudence.
The geopolitics of anti-Asian racism: A critical discourse analysis of dominant Western narratives on China in the Covid-19 era
Authors: Chaufan Claudia , Hemsing Natalie
Published: October 2023

Over the past decades, dominant Western institutions have increasingly perceived China as a challenge to a US-centric world order and framed it as a threat to Western values. We propose that understanding the synergies between these institutions’ messaging on China and the reported growing number of incidents of anti-Asian racism can illuminate what drives the latter, especially in the Covid-19 era. We draw from theories of globalization, political socialization, and stigma to identify dominant narratives on China during Covid-19 through a critical discourse analysis of a purposive sample of public documents, spanning close to three years, from governments, civil society entities and actors influential in public policy, and Western mainstream media. We show that the dominant Western narrative is that China is a threat to Western values and to humanity, both of these perceived as interchangeable. This narrative is constructed through the use of double standards and the omission of relevant geopolitical context that might help Western publics to develop a more nuanced perspective of the role of China in world affairs. The ideological work of “othering” the Chinese state and whoever does not overtly condemn it is all but inevitable, and so is the strong message of “Us versus Them” with the potential to legitimize anti-Asian racist beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours. This is the first of a multi-stage project examining the geopolitics of anti-Asian racism in the Covid-19 era.
Regímenes supranacionales: una comparación con respecto al principio non bis in ídem en el derecho de competencia de la Comunidad Andina y la Unión Europea
Authors: Cisneros-Corrales Edison Patricio
Published: October 2023

El siguiente artículo procura describir y analizar el principio non bis in ídem en la aplicación de la norma de competencia en los regímenes de la Comunidad Andina (CAN) y de la Unión Europea (UE). El objetivo es conocer cómo funciona este principio en estos dos sistemas que buscan un mismo objetivo -garantizar la libre competencia- en un contexto de supranacionalidad. Para conseguir este objetivo se procura un análisis documental de diversas fuentes primarias de información especializadas en las temáticas de política y derecho de competencia. Además, emplea la aproximación teórica del modelo supranacional planteado por Briceño (2018, 25) para entender estos dos sistemas que, si bien no son idénticos, mantienen ciertas similitudes. La estructura consta de cinco apartados. En primer lugar, se proporciona una breve introducción sobre competencia, derecho de competencia y política de competencia. Posteriormente, se explica el principio non bis in ídem. A continuación, se aborda la aplicación de este principio tanto en la UE como en la CAN. Finalmente, se presentan algunas conclusiones sobre el texto.
The minimal effects of union membership on political behavior
Authors: Yan Alan Nigel
Published: October 2023

What is the source of labor unions’ power? A large literature argues that union membership powerfully affects political behavior and attitudes, in turn making unions a powerful interest group. However, union members may not receive, may ignore, and may deprioritize their union’s message compared to other considerations. Previous research faced empirical challenges with causal inference, limited sample sizes, and limited outcomes. I marshal data from 14 panel surveys from 1956 to 2022 with 48,629 respondents to help better understand the causal effects of union membership. In these data, I use difference-in-difference designs to evaluate whether gaining union membership causes voters to liberalize their attitudes and participate in politics. I do not find any evidence that union membership affects political behavior, and I show that we can reject modest effects in most cases. I also show that a prominent previous result is not robust. These results suggest a reconsideration of how labor unions influence politics.
Tenant Protections in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Monea Nino C.
Published: October 2023

When the coronavirus pandemic struck, governments at all levels moved to help tenants in unprecedented ways. Though the policies were far from perfect, they were major steps forward. This Article examines those reforms. The eviction crisis predates 2020, but the pandemic made it worse. In response, the federal government took unprecedented actions to protect tenants, a long-overlooked group. States too adopted sweeping moratoriums that stopped most or all evictions from occurring—for a time—along with a number of other pro-tenant policies. States also took concerted action to ensure people did not have utilities cut off, rendering their homes unlivable. The Article gives policymakers lessons learned from the pandemic about how to craft better policies to prioritize the wellbeing of tenants in times of emergency.
CATEGORIAL AFFILIATION AND SYNTACTIC FUNCTION OF REPETITIONS
Authors: M.G . Safarova
Published: October 2023

Some authors classify reduplication from the structural point of view, from which parts of speech they have been derived. The statistic results of such classification allows to determine which parts of speech have broader reduplication opportunities. A great deal of languages belonging to different language families, have been involved into investigation. From the syntactical point of view, reduplications are mainly act in the function of subject, object, and adverb, with the minority of attribute and predicate.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE OF YOUNG SCHOOLCHILDREN IN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Authors: Sevinj Valiyeva Tofig
Published: October 2023

The article emphasizes the characteristic features of the process of formation of environmental culture among young students in extracurricular activities. Elementary school is the most favorable period for environmental education, and the ways of forming a positive and correct attitude towards nature in the majority of children at the elementary school age are analyzed. In extracurricular activities, the tasks of forming the environmental culture of elementary school students are indicated. The main components of the ecological culture formation system are determined. The basic conditions for the successful formation of ecological culture are described. The theoretical aspects of the formation of a protective, careful and responsible attitude towards inanimate and living nature objects in students are analyzed. It is during the elementary school age that the child has an emotional impression of nature, the formation of ideas about the various forms of life on the Earth, and as a result, directions for the formation of fundamental principles of ecological consciousness, thinking, and culture are shown. The main content of the effectiveness of extracurricular activities in the formation of environmental culture of young students is analyzed.
EXPLORING PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ABOUT THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN GHANA
Authors: Butakor Paul Kwame
Published: October 2023

The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has been well-documented in developed societies. However, the phenomenon has received little attention in developing countries such as Ghana. This study examined pre-service teachers from one of the teacher education universities in Ghana beliefs about the role of artificial intelligence in higher education. This study employed the quantitative descriptive design to obtain data from a convenience sample of 231 pre-service teachers. The study revealed that the majority of the pre-service teachers are very much aware of AI systems and that using AI-related systems will have a positive effect on pre-service teachers’ performance and that AI has the potential to replace teacher’s absence. Further, the majority of the respondents indicated that AI is relevant as it provides new ways of attaining distinction in teaching and learning. On the contrary, it was discovered that the majority of the pre-service teachers indicated that they feel anxious when it comes to using AI-related systems in learning. It is therefore recommended that more training and support systems be put in place to help and support pre-service teachers when using AI systems during teaching and learning during the post-pandemic era.