bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative importance of factors affecting activity and upper extremity function in children with Narakas Group 2 brachial plexus birth palsy
Authors: Delioğlu Kıvanç , Uzumcugil Akin , Öztürk Ebru , Kerem Gunel Mintaze
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the differences in upper limb function and activity/participation levels between preschool children with Narakas Groups 2a and 2b obstetric brachial plexus injury; and to determine the significance level of the factors affecting upper limb functions in these patients. Sixty-seven children, aged 3 to 7, who had not had surgical intervention, were evaluated in terms of joint movements, modified Mallet classification, Raimondi hand classification, brachial plexus outcome measure, paediatric outcome data collection instrument and stereognosis. There were significant functional differences between the groups, in favour of Group 2a. The movements affecting total function of the upper limb were: hand to spine ( p < 0.001), global abduction ( p < 0.001) and hand to mouth ( p < 0.001), in descending order of significance. Passive internal rotation was the most important passive joint movement affecting shoulder function ( p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that more emphasis should be placed on the shoulder internal rotation in treatment strategies.

Level of evidence: III
Improving home oxygen therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases: application of a noninvasive ventilation device
Authors: Cuerpo Sandra , Palomo Maria , Hernández-González Fernanda , Francesqui Joel , Albacar Nuria , Hernández Carmen , Blanco Isabel , Embid Cristina , Sellares Jacobo
Published: October 2020

Background:

Proper adjustment of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during daily activities in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) requiring long-term oxygen therapy is challenging. Given the multifactorial nature of the limited exercise tolerance in patients with ILDs, the isolated use of oxygen therapy may not be enough. As demonstrated previously in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the use of a noninvasive ventilation (NIV) device combined with oxygen therapy may prevent the falling of oxygen saturation during exercise, due to an improvement of the ventilation–perfusion ratio and a reduction of the respiratory work, thus enhancing exercise tolerance. We sought to assess in patients diagnosed with ILD who are in need of oxygen therapy, the effect of associating an NIV to improve oxygen parameters and the distance covered during the 6 min walking test (6MWT).

Methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study in patients with ILDs. After a clinical characterization, we performed a 6MWT in two different situations: using a portable oxygen concentrator with the regular flow used by the patient during their daily life activities and afterwards adding the additional support of a NIV. The oxygen saturation parameters were registered with a portable oximeter.

Results:

We included 16 patients with different ILDs who have oxygen therapy prescribed. The use of NIV associated with oxygen therapy in comparison with the use of oxygen therapy alone showed an increase of the average SaO2 [91% (88–93) versus 88% (86–90%); p = 0.0005] and a decrease in the percentage of time with oxygen saturation <90%: 36% (6–56%) versus 58% (36–77%); p < 0.0001. There were no changes in the 6MWT distance: 307 m (222–419 m) versus 316 m (228–425 m); p = 0.10.

Conclusions:

In our study the use of a NIV system associated with long-term oxygen therapy during exercise showed beneficial effects, especially improvement of oxygen saturation. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Scott Katie
Published: October 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are events during childhood that are stressful and may impact upon mental and physical health having effects in childhood and future adulthood. Examples of ACEs include abuse (physical, emotional, sexual); neglect; living in a household with domestic violence, substance or alcohol misuse, or criminal behaviour; or living with a caregiver with mental illness. A history of ACEs is not routinely sought in UK healthcare. As a result opportunities to prevent and modify the negative effects of adverse childhood events are missed.
Anxiety Therapeutic Interventions of β-Caryophyllene: A Laboratory-Based Study
Authors: Machado Keylla da Conceição , Paz Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim , Oliveira Santos José Victor de , da Silva Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro , Tchekalarova Jana Dimitrova , Salehi Bahare , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Setzer William N. , Sharifi-Rad Javad , de Castro e Sousa João Marcelo , Cavalcante Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo
Published: October 2020

The bicyclic sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and analgesic effects. This study evaluates anxiolytic, toxicity, and antioxidant effects of BCP using in vitro and in vivo test models. The anxiolytic effects were tested in Swiss albino mice ( Mus musculus) by applying the elevated plus-maze, rota-rod, light and dark, and hiding sphere models, while the toxicity was evaluated by brine shrimp ( Artemia salina) lethality bioassay. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was tested by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid hydroxyl radical scavenging, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae test model. The results suggest that BCP exerted a dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effect on the experimental animals. It did not show toxicity in A. salina at 24 hours. BCP showed a concentration-dependent free-radical-scavenging capacity, similar to the standard antioxidant Trolox. It also showed protective and repair capacities against hydrogen peroxide-induced damaging effects in isogenic and wild-type S. cerevisiae strains. Taken together, BCP exerted antioxidant and protective effects, which can be targeted to treat neurological diseases and disorders such as anxiety.
Evaluation of Hylan G-F 20 Treatment with Opioid Prescriptions and Intraarticular Corticosteroid Injections in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee Using a Claims Database
Authors: Langworthy Michael J. , Hummer Charles D. , Ngai Wilson , Hao Lichen , Webner David
Published: October 2020

Objective

Assess how treatment with the viscosupplement hylan G-F 20 relates to opioid prescriptions and intraarticular corticosteroid injections (IACS) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK).

Design

Case-crossover; adult patients with OAK identified in a claims database were treated with hylan G-F 20 from July 1, 2007, to June 29, 2017. Opioid or IACS prescriptions in the 6 months before treatment were compared to the 6 months after. Patients with comorbid conditions requiring pain medications were excluded, resulting in a 29,395-patient cohort. Four subgroups were investigated: patients with (1) opioids before hylan G-F 20 (OB; n = 6,609); (2) opioids before and after hylan G-F 20 (OBF; n = 3,320); (3) IACS before hylan G-F 20 (CB; n = 11,162); and (4) IACS before and after hylan G-F 20 (CBF; n = 2,810). All opioids were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME).

Results

OB subgroup patients had a significant decrease ( P < 0.01) in total MME (−14.0%), MME per day (−14.2%) and opioid prescription days (−12.6%) after treatment versus before. Only 50.2% of patients prescribed opioids before hylan G-F 20 were prescribed an opioid after treatment. OBF subgroup patients had a significant increase ( P < 0.01) in opioid prescription days (7.8%) before versus after treatment. There was a significant decrease ( P < 0.01) in the number of IACS after versus before treatment for the Total Cohort (−56.1%), and subgroups CB (−72.6%) and CBF (−4.1%). A total of 74.8% of patients receiving an IACS before treatment did not receive an IACS after treatment.

Conclusions

Hylan G-F 20 is associated with a reduction in opioid prescriptions and IACS in OAK patients.
The Rotating Snakes Illusion Is a Straightforward Consequence of Nonlinearity in Arrays of Standard Motion Detectors
Authors: Bach Michael , Atala-Gérard Lea
Published: October 2020

The Rotating Snakes illusion is a motion illusion based on repeating, asymmetric luminance patterns. Recently, we found certain gray-value conditions where a weak illusory motion occurs in the opposite direction. Of the four models for explaining the illusion, one also explains the unexpected perceived opposite direction.We here present a simple new model, without free parameters, based on an array of standard correlation-type motion detectors with a subsequent nonlinearity (e.g., saturation) before summing the detector outputs. The model predicts (a) the pattern-appearance motion illusion for steady fixation, (b) an illusion under the real-world situation of saccades across or near the pattern (pattern shift), (c) a relative maximum of illusory motion for the same gray values where it is found psychophysically, and (d) the opposite illusion for certain luminance values. We submit that the new model’s sparseness of assumptions justifies adding a fifth model to explain this illusion.
The Saskatchewan Medication Assessment Program for Patients With Renal Failure: A Qualitative Study to Understand Health Care Provider Perspectives
Authors: Ahmed Anan , Blackburn David F. , Evans Charity , Rosaasen Nicola , Mansell Holly
Published: October 2020

Background:

The Saskatchewan Medication Assessment Program (SMAP) compensates community pharmacists for medication reviews on eligible residents with the goal of optimizing patient care. Although medication reviews are meant to reduce risks associated with complex medication regimens, some patients may already be receiving specialized care from interdisciplinary health care teams from the renal programs in Saskatchewan.

Objective:

A qualitative analysis was undertaken to examine the perceptions of health care providers about the SMAP process for patients receiving renal care in Saskatchewan. The goal was to explore potential benefits, facilitators, challenges, and/or barriers of the program in this population.

Design:

Qualitative descriptive study.

Setting:

The semi-structured interviews took place in the province of Saskatchewan.

Participants:

Community pharmacists, renal pharmacist, and nephrologists.

Methods:

All nephrologists, renal pharmacists, and community pharmacies in Saskatoon and Regina were sent an invitation to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were completed with participants and were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Coding was performed using NVIVO qualitative software, and meaning units and codes were consolidated into categories and subcategories using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

A total of 9 community pharmacists, 10 renal pharmacists, and 8 nephrologists were interviewed. Community pharmacists had mixed levels of comfort providing SMAP assessments for renal patients, but expressed the desire to provide the best care possible and described patient benefits. Some categories (eg, barriers and improvements) and subcategories (eg, “collaboration/communication”, “other challenges,” and “suggestions for improvement”) were consistent among all participant groups, while others (eg, “renal patients have complex care needs” and “duplication of service”) were common among both renal pharmacists and nephrologists. The nephrologists had little knowledge of the program and of the role of the community pharmacist, indicating the need for improved education and communication.

Limitations:

The lack of renal patient perceptions on the SMAP process should be acknowledged and studied in future. A further limitation is the small sample size per subsample group.

Conclusion:

Despite some negative experiences, all of the participants believed the program can be beneficial. However, several recommendations were suggested to improve the SMAP process in renal patients and other complex patient populations.
A Higher Concentration of Dialysate Magnesium to Reduce the Frequency of Muscle Cramps: A Narrative Review
Authors: Varghese Akshay , Lacson Eduardo , Sontrop Jessica M. , Acedillo Rey R. , Al-Jaishi Ahmed A. , Anderson Sierra , Bagga Amit , Bain Katie L. , Bennett Laura L. , Bohm Clara , Brown Pierre A. , Chan Christopher T. , Cote Brenden , Dev Varun , Field Bonnie , Harris Claire , Kalatharan Shasikara , Kiaii Mercedeh , Molnar Amber O. , Oliver Matthew J. , Parmar Malvinder S. , Schorr Melissa , Shah Nikhil , Silver Samuel A. , Smith D. Michael , Sood Manish M. , St. Louis Irina , Tennankore Karthik K. , Thompson Stephanie , Tonelli Marcello , Vorster Hans , Waldvogel Blair , Zacharias James , Garg Amit X. ,   for the Dialysate Magnesium (Dial-Mag) Investigators
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review:

Strategies to mitigate muscle cramps are a top research priority for patients receiving hemodialysis. As hypomagnesemia is a possible risk factor for cramping, we reviewed the literature to better understand the physiology of cramping as well as the epidemiology of hypomagnesemia and muscle cramps. We also sought to review the evidence from interventional studies on the effect of oral and dialysate magnesium-based therapies on muscle cramps.

Sources of information:

Peer-reviewed articles.

Methods:

We searched for relevant articles in major bibliographic databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE. The methodological quality of interventional studies was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Blacks criteria checklist.

Key findings:

The etiology of muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis is poorly understood and there are no clear evidence-based prevention or treatment strategies. Several factors may play a role including a low concentration of serum magnesium. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (concentration of <0.7 mmol/L) in patients receiving hemodialysis ranges from 10% to 20%. Causes of hypomagnesemia include a low dietary intake of magnesium, use of medications that inhibit magnesium absorption (eg, proton pump inhibitors), increased magnesium excretion (eg, high-dose loop diuretics), and a low concentration of dialysate magnesium. Dialysate magnesium concentrations of ≤0.5 mmol/L may be associated with a decrease in serum magnesium concentration over time. Preliminary evidence from observational and interventional studies suggests a higher dialysate magnesium concentration will raise serum magnesium concentrations and may reduce the frequency and severity of muscle cramps. However, the quality of evidence supporting this benefit is limited, and larger, multicenter clinical trials are needed to further determine if magnesium-based therapy can reduce muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis. In studies conducted to date, increasing the concentration of dialysate magnesium appears to be well-tolerated and is associated with a low risk of symptomatic hypermagnesemia.

Limitations:

Few interventional studies have examined the effect of magnesium-based therapy on muscle cramps in patients receiving hemodialysis and most were nonrandomized, pre-post study designs.
Investigating the Relationship Between Age and Kidney Failure in Adults With Category 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Al-Wahsh Huda , Lam Ngan N. , Liu Ping , Quinn Robert R. , Fiocco Marta , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Tangri Navdeep , Tonelli Marcello , Ravani Pietro
Published: October 2020

Background:

In people with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is an inverse relationship between age and kidney failure. If this relationship is the same at any age (linear), one effect (hazard ratio) will be sufficient for accurate risk prediction; if it is nonlinear, the effect will vary with age.

Objective:

To investigate the relationship between age and kidney failure in adults with category G4 chronic kidney disease (G4 CKD).

Methods:

We performed a population-based study using linked administrative databases in Alberta, Canada, to study adults with G4 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] = 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and without previously documented eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or renal replacement. We used cause-specific Cox regression to model the relationship between age and the hazard of kidney failure (the earlier of eGFR <10 mL/min/1.73 m2 or receipt of renal replacement) and death, incorporating spline terms to capture any nonlinear effect of age. We included sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, albuminuria, and eGFR in all models.

Results:

Of the 27 823 participants (97 731 patient-years at risk; mean age = 76 years, ±13), 19% developed kidney failure and 51% died. The decline in the hazard of kidney failure associated with a given increase in age was not constant but became progressively larger as people aged; that is, the hazard ratio became progressively smaller (closer to 0). Assuming an eGFR of 25 mL/min/1.73 m2, for every 10-year increase in age, the hazard ratio declined from 0.76 (95% confidence interval = 0.73-0.79) at age 50 years to 0.43 (95% confidence interval = 34-56) at age 80 years in people without cardiovascular disease, and from 0.75 (95% confidence interval = 0.70-0.79) at age 50 years to 0.36 (95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.45) at age 80 years in people with cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions:

The relationship between kidney failure and age varies with age. An age-dependent effect, rather than a constant effect, needs to be specified to accurately predict risk. These findings have implications for risk prediction and advanced care planning.
Cost-of-illness trajectories among people with multiple sclerosis by comorbidity: A register-based prospective study in Sweden
Authors: Bütepage Greta , Esawi Ahmed , Alexanderson Kristina , Friberg Emilie , Murley Chantelle , Hillert Jan , Karampampa Korinna
Published: October 2020

Background

Comorbidities are common among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS); yet, their impact on the cost-of-illness (COI) in MS is unknown.

Objective

Explore the heterogeneity in COI trajectories among newly diagnosed PwMS in relation to type of comorbidity.

Methods

A nationwide longitudinal cohort study, using prospectively collected Swedish register data for seven years. The COI/year of 639 PwMS diagnosed in 2006, when aged 25–60, was estimated until 2013. Using healthcare data, PwMS were categorised into six comorbidity groups: ocular; cardiovascular, genitourinary or cancer disease; musculoskeletal; mental; neurological other than MS; and injuries. One group of PwMS without comorbidity was also created. Group-based trajectory modelling was applied, examining different COI trajectories within each comorbidity group.

Results

Across the seven follow-up years, PwMS with mental comorbidities had the highest COI overall (€36,482). Four COI trajectories were identified within each comorbidity group; the largest trajectory had high healthcare costs and productivity losses (36.3%–59.6% of PwMS, across all comorbidity groups). 59.6% of PwMS with mental comorbidity had high healthcare costs and productivity losses.

Conclusion

High COI and heterogeneity in COI trajectories could be partly explained by the presence of chronic comorbidities in the year around MS diagnosis, including the presence of mental comorbidity.
Posting About Cancer: Predicting Social Support in Imgur Comments
Authors: Hale Brent J. , Collins Ryan , Brown Danielle K.
Published: October 2020

People who are affected by cancer can benefit greatly from social support and digital social networks, though our understanding of online support is primarily founded in dominant platforms like Facebook. In addition, while previous scholarship indicates that social support is available online, little research has examined predictors of support provision. A content analysis was performed to examine the relationship between narrative features in Imgur posts and social support in comments. Imgur ( Imgur.com ) is a social media site and image-hosting platform, amassing over 250 million monthly visitors. Six post features were hypothesized to predict support, including explanations of the diagnosis experience, evidence of agentive problem solving, indications of positive reappraisal, pleads for the audience to get a checkup, references to mortality, and inclusion of humor. The results of this study indicate a relationship between narrative construction and social support, finding that the inclusion of narrative features in cancer-related posts influenced the provision of support in comments. Findings of this study could have implications for a multitude of stakeholders interested in social support provision, including healthcare professionals and researchers interested in the use of social media platforms for support, and organizations interested in designing supportive online platforms for individuals coping with cancer.
An achievement test for Chinese preschool children: Validity and social correlates
Authors: Yeung Wei-Jun Jean , Chen Xuejiao , Ding Xiao Pan , Cheung Mike W.-L.
Published: October 2020

Early childhood is a crucial period for human development that has long-term implications for one’s life trajectories. During the years before formal schooling, brain size and structures, as well as cognitive abilities, undergo rapid development. Children’s cognitive abilities develop by leaps and bounds and show great malleability. Cognitive development during early childhood exerts a long-lasting influence on children’s life chances in adulthood. In China, however, there is no established reliable early childhood achievement test that can be used in a study. This study validates an achievement test for Chinese preschoolers. We analyze data from a nationally representative sample of children aged three to six who participated in the Zhang-Yeung Test of Achievement for Chinese Children (ZY-TACC) in 2012. The instrument consists of a 28-item verbal test and a 24-item numeracy test. Our evaluations indicate a satisfactory level of difficulty, as well as high internal consistency and reliability. This instrument exhibits ample ability to distinguish among children of different ages and varying family backgrounds in ways consistent with previous literature. Children’s test scores are also found to correlate in the expected direction with their behavioral indicators. We demonstrate that the ZY-TACC is a psychometrically robust, culturally and contextually appropriate instrument for assessing Chinese preschool children’s achievement. The instrument can make a significant contribution to research on early childhood development in China.
Civil and Military Examination participation of the Que lineage in Shicang village in the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Jiang Qin
Published: October 2020

The literature on social stratification and mobility in Imperial China reveals that the academic tracking system was one important source of educational inequality. The Imperial Examinations system in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty China was a dual-track structure formed of Civil ( wen) and Military ( wu) Examinations. Earlier scholars have focused on the provincial and national levels of the system, paying little attention to the lowest, county-level shengyuan examination, the starting point of the wen and wu system. This study looks into the Account Books for Imperial Examination participation in Qing Dynasty Shicang, Songyang County, Zhejiang Province, focusing particularly on examination records of the Que lineage. After making a fortune in the iron-smelting business, the Ques first purchased an Imperial Academy studentship ( jiansheng), then later married into local gentry families and began to participate in the Imperial Examinations. The Taiping Rebellion (1851–1865) brought a high mortality rate to the region, which increased the chances of success in the Imperial wu-track, the Military Examination. The Ques made use of this opportunity to participate in both the Civil and Military Examinations. This paper compares two common motivations for taking the examinations—protection of family wealth and status, and pursuit of the highest degree. This study shows that each motivation had a different outcome. Those only interested in safeguarding and enhancing family wealth were able to maintain a balance between pursuit of their degree and the family business, while those aiming at the highest degrees often fell into the trap of repeated attempts and eventual bankruptcy. The dominance of the first motivation among ordinary Chinese demonstrates the self-adjustment of local society to the Imperial Examination tracking system.
Princess Wencheng in historical writing: The difficulty in narrating ethnic history in multi-ethnic China
Authors: Wang Juan , Cedain Damzhin
Published: October 2020

For a multi-ethnic political entity, whether it is an empire or a nation-state, the key to survival is an inclusive order under which multiple ethnic groups with different heritages coexist peacefully. Historical writing on ethnic groups and interactions among them is an important part of this order. To demonstrate this point, this paper offers an examination of three different historical narratives of Princess Wencheng, the heroine of a “peace-making marriage” of the Tang Empire (AD 618–907), who married Songtsen Gampo, the king of Tubo (the ancient name of Tibet). In the first narrative, which is from Chinese classical literature, Princess Wencheng was treated as an insignificant figure and the text paid much more attention to the ceremony of the “peace-making marriage” than to the princess’s individual traits. In the second narrative, which is from Tibetan ancient literature, the princess was portrayed as the incarnation of “Green Tara”, a tantric deity in Tibetan Buddhism, and supposedly possessed goddess qualities and magical powers. This striking difference reflects the different views about the world and its ideal order of the two ancient civilizations. The third narrative, which was shaped by the nationalist discourse during the first part of the 20th century, depicted a new image of Princess Wencheng, gradually transforming her into a “transmitter of technology.” This paper offers a detailed analysis of this evolution and, furthermore, a critical comment on the historical writing done under the guidance of the so-called “progressive view of history”. Our conclusion provides a theoretical discussion of the structural dilemma for modern China as a multi-ethnic nation-state.
An Examination of the Impact of Game-Based Geometric Shapes Education Software Usage on the Education of Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Demir Ümit
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

This study aims to research the impact of the e-learning environment, in which game-based education software was used, on the learning of students with intellectual disabilities.

Design/Approach/Methods:

The study group consisted of 34 students with intellectual disabilities studying at a special education vocational school in Çanakkale, Turkey. In this study, the true experimental method was used. For 5 weeks, the experimental group received blended learning that was supported by the usage of a game-based education software designed by the researcher, which includes interactive educational game applications. At the same time, control group students only received the teaching process in the classroom with the traditional teaching method. A course attitude scale and an achievement test were used for data collection.

Findings:

The analysis of the findings showed that there was a significant increase between pre-course and post-course attitudes and academic achievement scores of the students. There wasn’t a significant difference between pre-course and post-course attitudes and academic achievement scores according to the gender and academic achievement scores. Males’ academic achievement and attitude post-test scores were higher than females’ scores. Students having upper daily mobile devices usage experience had higher post-test and academic achievement scores than students having lower daily mobile devices usage experience.

Originality/Value:

This article has the potential to construct a new practice example as a supplement for analyzing the game-based educational software usage on the education of students with intellectual disabilities. As a pilot study, it provides a good sample for further investigations.
Issues and Challenges in Implementing Care Coordinator in Primary Healthcare in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Abdullah Zalilah , Abdul Aziz Siti Hajar , Sodri Nur Aliyah , Mohd Hanafiah Ainul Nadziha , Ibrahim Nor Idawaty , Johari Mohammad Zabri
Published: October 2020

Background:

Primary healthcare is the earliest gateway for patient care, and improvisations are often needed to accommodate the ever-increasing demand in public health. The Enhanced Primary Healthcare (EnPHC) initiative is aimed at improving such needs, and one core intervention is the introduction of a care coordinator (CC). The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators in implementing a new intervention in primary healthcare clinics.

Methods:

This qualitative exploration study. All healthcare providers who were involved in EnPHC at the intervention clinics were selected as participants. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were carried out among healthcare providers working in the intervention clinic. Thematic analysis was used to categorize data, based on the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) theoretical framework domains.

Results:

A total of 61 healthcare providers participated. All 5 domains with 19 CFIR constructs emerged from the analysis. Inner setting played a significant role in facilitating CC intervention, in which culture, networking, and collaboration and leadership engagement played an essential role in supporting CC activities. Although CC tasks are complex, concerns of losing clinical skill and resource constraints were identified as potential barriers in CC implementations. Criteria for appointing new CCs emerged from the characteristics of individual constructs, in which the individual must be familiar and interested in community health, have good communication skills, and at least 3 years’ experience in the primary healthcare setting.

Conclusion:

The implementation of the CC intervention faces varying challenges in different settings. This is partially resolved through teamwork, guidance from mentors, and support from superiors. The complexity of the responsibility of the CC intervention is perceived as both a validation and a burden. Above all, it is seen as paramount in EnPHC intervention.
Migraine Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Contraindications: An Analysis of Real-World Claims Data
Authors: Dodick David W. , Shewale Anand S. , Lipton Richard B. , Baum Seth J. , Marcus Steven C. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Pavlovic Jelena M. , Bennett Nathan L. , Young William B. , Viswanathan Hema N. , Doshi Jalpa A. , Weintraub Howard
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Triptans, the most commonly prescribed acute treatments for migraine attacks are, per FDA labeling, contraindicated in cardiovascular (CV) disease patients and have warnings and precautions for those with CV risk factors.

Methods:

Headache specialists, cardiologists, and health economics and outcomes researchers convened to identify diagnostic codes for: (1) CV diseases contraindicating triptans based on FDA labeling; (2) conditions comprising “other significant underlying CV disease”; and (3) CV risk factors included as warnings and precautions for triptans. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of commercially insured adult US migraine patients in the 2017 Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart (CDM) and the 2017 IBM® Watson Health MarketScan® Commercial Claims database was used to estimate the proportion of migraine patients with CV contraindications and warnings and precautions to triptans.

Results:

Of the 56,662 migraine patients analyzed from Optum CDM, 13.5% had ≥1 CV disease as specified in triptan labeling and an additional 8.5% had ≥1 “other CV disease” judged by the panel to constitute a “significant underlying CV disease” (total: 22.0% migraine patients). Of 176 724 migraine patients analyzed from MarketScan, 12.2% had ≥1 CV disease as specified in the labeling and an additional 8.0% had ≥1 “other significant underlying CV disease” (total: 20.2% of migraine patients). An additional 25.4% and 25.1% of migraine patients had ≥2 CV risk factors in Optum CDM and MarketScan. In total, 47.4% and 45.3% of migraine patients in both databases had a CV disease specified as a contraindication, an “other CV disease” endorsed as significant, or ≥2 CV risk factors identified as warnings and precautions to triptans.

Conclusions:

Analyses of more than 230,000 people with migraine showed that ≥20% of commercially insured US migraine patients have a CV condition that specifically contraindicates triptan treatment, and an additional 25% have ≥2 CV risk factors identified as warnings and precautions to triptans.
The Method for Determining Time-Generation Range
Authors: Karashchuk Oksana S. , Mayorova Elena A. , Nikishin Alexander F. , Kornilova Olena V.
Published: October 2020

This article aims to develop a method for identifying generational cohorts based on the quantitative indicators underlying the change in generational phases according to Strauss and Howe. The scientifically substantiated differentiation between generational cohorts makes it possible to subsequently reveal the similar characteristics of people within these generational groups. The main result is a method for determining groups of generations, which includes five main stages: determining indicators-identifiers of generations, creating the initial database of indicators, compiling evaluation tables, dividing generations into groups by each indicator, comparing the obtained groups, and distributing the population by groups by indicators-identifiers of generations. The indicators-identifiers of generations used by the authors include natural population growth and gross domestic product. These indicators show the growth of the country’s most important resources, that is, human and economic resources, and make it possible to determine the moment of appearance of a new generation. The method for identifying the time ranges of generations and the results of applying this method (in modern Russia) make it possible to use the obtained information to solve various economic and social problems: study the features of representatives of certain generations, forecast the signs and time of the emergence of new generations in society, and so on. The proposed method can be used in scientific research and in practice, first, to evaluate the existing generations in a certain country, to substantiate measures promoting the transition of a society to the following development stages of generations, and for marketing purposes.
CO2 Emissions, Financial Development, Trade, and Income in North America: A Spatial Panel Data Approach
Authors: Mahmood Haider
Published: October 2020

The current study attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions per capita considering spatial effects for a panel of 21 North American countries. The results corroborate the existence of spatial dependence in per capita carbon dioxide emissions and its determinants. Adverse environmental spillover effects are found for all hypothesized determinants while per capita income showed a positive impact. Furthermore, the existence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is proven with a turning point of 15,665 constant U.S. dollar per capita income, and 6 of the 21 investigated countries are found at the second stage of an inverted U-shaped relationship. An inverted U-shaped relationship between trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions per capita has also been found. Financial market development (foreign direct investment) seems to have monotonic positive (negative) effects.
How Do You Categorize Yourself as a Sports Fan?: A New Scale of Sports Fan Social–Personal Identity Salience (FSPIS) and Its Consequences
Authors: Shuv-Ami Avichai , Toder Alon Anat
Published: October 2020

Based on social identity, self-categorization, and optimal distinctiveness theories, this article argues that fans of team sports clubs (TSCs) may position themselves as members of their TSCs or as unique, individual sports fans. To date, no published, validated instrument has been designed to measure differences in sports fans’ personal and social identity orientation. We conducted three studies to test the validity and reliability of the Fan Social–Personal Identity Salience (FSPIS) scale. In the first two, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. The third study used a structural equation model to test the consequences of the new scale in an extension of the test of its nomological network validity. The data for the current research was collected using three distinct and separate empirical surveys of professional basketball fans in Israel. Our findings show that there is a moderate correlation between social and personal identities, indicating that a low level of social identity is not the same as personal identity. The FSPIS scale predicted fan optimism and satisfaction, which, in turn, partially mediated the effect on involvement. The uniqueness of the proposed scale is that it is a continuous scale that is able to capture mixed identity salience and variations in its magnitude.
Decent Work: Representations and Prospects of Work Among Vulnerable Young Argentine Workers
Authors: Aisenson Gabriela , Legaspi Leandro , Czerniuk Renée , Valenzuela Viviana , Miguelez Violeta Vicente , Virgili Natalia
Published: October 2020

Argentina’s labor market conditions hinder the possibilities for social integration and the securing of decent work. This particularly affects vulnerable emerging adults without a high school diploma. This study aims to understand the meanings of work in general, actual work experiences, and expectations for the future of young urban unskilled workers with no high school diploma. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 men and women, and an inductive content thematic analysis was carried out. The main results show that (1) there is acceptance and resignation of highly precarious working conditions due to the unstable general context and the lack of quality employment, (2) there is a distinction between work and personal interests, and (3) future prospects are presented as a “crossroads” between your expectations and the options available. All this affects the meanings of work, the future, and therefore affects their well-being and identity construction.
Spine Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Satin Alexander M. , Shenoy Kartik , Sheha Evan D. , Basques Bryce , Schroeder Gregory D. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Lieberman Isador H. , Guyer Richard D. , Derman Peter B.
Published: October 2020

Study Design:

Original research, cross-sectional study.

Objectives:

Evaluate patient satisfaction with spine care delivered via telemedicine. Identify patient- and visit-based factors associated with increased satisfaction and visit preference.

Methods:

Telemedicine visits with a spine surgeon at 2 practices in the United States between March and May 2020 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients were sent an electronic survey recording overall satisfaction, technical or clinical issues encountered, and preference for a telemedicine versus an in-person visit. Factors associated with poor satisfaction and preference of telemedicine over an in-person visit were identified using multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

A total of 772 responses were collected. Overall, 87.7% of patients were satisfied with their telemedicine visit and 45% indicated a preference for a telemedicine visit over an in-person visit if given the option. Patients with technical or clinical issues were significantly less likely to achieve 5 out of 5 satisfaction scores and were significantly more likely to prefer an in-person visit. Patients who live less than 5 miles from their surgeon’s office and patients older than 60 years were also significantly more likely to prefer in-person visits.

Conclusions:

Spine telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with high patient satisfaction. Additionally, 45% of respondents indicated a preference for telemedicine versus an in-patient visit in the future. In light of these findings, telemedicine for spine care may be a preferable option for a subset of patients into the future.
The Rose-Colored Glasses of Geriatric Fall Patients: Inconsistencies Between Knowledge of Risk Factors for and Actual Causes of Falls
Authors: Collins Courtney E. , Chandra Arnav , Nguyen Bryan , Schultz Kurt , Mathew Pawan , Chen Tiffany , Renshaw Savannah , Rose Karen M. , Santry Heena P.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury, and most common cause of non-fatal trauma, among older adults. We sought to elicit older patient’s perspectives on fall risks for the general population as well as contributions to any personal falls to identify opportunities to improve fall education.

Methods:

Ten patients with a history of falls from inpatient trauma and outpatient geriatric services were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed independently by five individuals using triangulation and constant comparison (NVivo11, QSR International) to compare fall risks to fall causes.

Results:

All patients reported that either they (9/10 participants) or someone they knew (8/10) had fallen. Despite this, only two personally worried about falling. Patient perceptions of fall risks fell into seven major themes: physiologic decline (8/10); underestimating limitations (7/10); environmental hazards (7/10), lack of awareness/rushing (4/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (3/10); positional transitions (2/10), and improper footwear (1/10). In contrast, the most commonly reported causes of personal falls were lack of awareness/rushing (7/10), environmental hazards (3/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (2/10), improper footwear (2/10), physiologic decline (2/10), underestimating limitations (1/10) and positional transitions (1/10). In general tended to attribute their own falls to their surroundings and were less likely to attribute physical or psychological limitations.

Conclusion:

Despite participants identifying falls as a serious problem, they were unlikely to worry about falling themselves. Participants were able to identify common fall risks. However, when speaking about personal experience, they were more likely to blame environmental hazards or rushing, and minimized the role of physiologic decline and personal limitations.
The Korean Church’s Reflection on Worship, Church, and Mission in the Calamity of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baik Chung-Hyun
Published: October 2020

This article considers the response of the Korean church to the crisis of COVID-19, giving a theological reflection on worship, church, and mission. Through the various challenges and responses, the Korean church has come to rethink each of these topics. Though a gathering worship is still important, how to worship is more essential than where to worship. Church as God’s people is more important than church as its building or as its hierarchical structure. And in mission, wherever is more essential than whereto. These insights can contribute significantly to a deeper understanding of worship, church, and mission for these times.
Do no harm? The impact of policy on migration scholarship
Authors: Stierl Maurice
Published: October 2020

The mass migrations of 2015 were not merely a watershed moment for ‘EUrope’ but also for the scholarly study of migration to EUrope. With academic expertise and insights becoming much sought-after in the media and political discourse, migration scholarship has gained in unknown popularity over recent years. This current ‘migration knowledge hype’ has particularly benefited scholarship that claims to be of relevance for EUropean policymakers in finding responses to ‘migratory pressures’. This article critically interrogates the increasing intimacy between the worlds of migration scholarship and migration policy and seeks to unpack how the quest for policy-relevance has shaped the process of research itself. The impact of policy on migration research can be discerned when policy categories, assumptions, and needs constitute the bases and (conceptual) frames of research that seeks to be legible to policymakers. However, with EUropean migration policies causing devastation and undeniably harmful effects on migrant lives, what is the responsibility of researchers for the knowledge they produce and disseminate? Should the ‘do no harm’ principle prevalent in the migration discipline be expanded to also include the potentially harmful consequences resulting from research made relevant to migration policymakers? This article makes the case for an engaged scholarship that does not shy away from intervening in the contested field of migration with the intention not to fix but to amplify the epistemic and other crises of the EUropean border regime.
Sound prisoners: The case of the Saydnaya prison in Syria
Authors: Ristani Maria
Published: October 2020

This article seeks to explore the manifold ways in which carceral violence and acoustics intermingle, as manifested in the case of the military prison of Saydnaya—an infamous, state-run torture jail in Syria. As revealed by survivors’ ear-testimonies and by the recent digital reconstruction of the prison’s interior (available on the Amnesty International website), sound seems integral to the dynamics of power at play in the Syrian prison. A great part of the violence committed there is acoustic, one that is meticulously based on defining properties of the aural experience. Sonic weaponization in Saydnaya has not been much addressed in the existing academic literature, except for discussions of its extreme silencing tactics, which this study intends to complement by a further inquiry into the sound/silence interchange in the Syrian prison, as well as into the ways in which the listening mode per se is turned into a mechanism of surveillance and torture, and also (paradoxically enough) of re-action and survival. To explore these issues, I draw upon existing theoretical perspectives on sound, silence, and listening per se—all measured against the actual backdrop of the Syrian prison. Herein, Saydnaya is theorized as an acoustically surveilled place of extreme listening and deliberate partial sensory deprivation, of weaponized silence and acousmatic violence, that is, a violence whose sound has no visually identifiable cause. Such practices form no exceptional case; Saydnaya rather joins, in this light, the sadly endless list of sonic warfare cases—the dark history of sound—as this has been recently brought to light by a number of critical sound theorists drawing attention to sonic weaponry, and more specifically to the all-powerful acoustics of incarceration. This study relies on ex-prisoners’ aural testimonies as published in Amnesty International Reports and not on self-conducted primary research, and thus many of the points raised here retain the character of hypotheses, pointing to directions of further research that may fully test them out.