bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recaudación fiscal, abasto y control del ganado en el Buenos Aires tardocolonial: los propios y arbitrios del Cabildo entre 1780 y 1820
Authors: Galarza Antonio Facundo
Published: May 2017

Se aborda el problema de la recaudación de impuestos por parte del Ayuntamiento de la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre 1780 y 1820 (los llamadospropiosyarbitrios). Además, se identifican los principales ingresos y gastos del Cabildo y se intenta medir la carga fiscal del mismo sobre la población. Hago hincapié en la relevancia del ramo dederecho de corralesdentro de la estructura de ingresos, donde destaco la contradicción planteada entre las necesidades de abastecer de carne al mercado de la ciudad y los riesgos de establecer controles más estrictos sobre la propiedad del ganado vacuno. Busco demostrar que las autoridades de la época priorizaron la gobernabilidad antes que un mayor control sobre la propiedad del ganado, lo cual podía poner en riesgo el abasto de carne y el cobro de impuestos.
How Does LG Group Embed Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) System In Its Conglomerate Governance To Control Its Affiliated Firms' Risk Events?
Authors: Kim Sangil , Yoo Jungmin
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a case of enterprise risk management (ERM) embeddedness in LG Group, globalized conglomerate in Korea. Findings are differentiated from prior studies in two aspects. First, this study focuses on how ERM systems minimize the agency costs between conglomerate headquarters and its affiliated firms. Second, cases of diversified twelve affiliated firms find that COSO ERM framework are to be applied adaptively to entities’ inherent or external conditions as industry, age, management level etc. Those findings might be a practical guidance for most Asian business groups to embed ERM frameworks in conglomerate governances, filling gaps between theoretical COSO manual and practical applications.
Implementación de las normas ATEX en el contexto de la actividad minera en Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo-Urrego Linda Mishell , Molina-Escobar Jorge Martín , García-Torrent Javier , Medic-Pejic Ljiljana
Published: May 2017

La minería en Colombia está regida por el Código de Seguridad Minero, cuyos referentes de seguridad, pese a que no se habían actualizado desde 1987, se basaban en normas internacionales; sin embargo, estas no tienen un carácter de obligatoriedad, y el Decreto 1886/15, a pesar de su fuerte componente en seguridad y salud ocupacional, sigue mostrando un somero contenido técnico que podría consentir la prolongación de los desastres mineros en Colombia asociados a explosiones. El artículo explicita las normativas internacionales en seguridad minera y expone un análisis crítico frente a la ausencia de su aplicabilidad en el país. Aunque el panorama nacional es desalentador, debido a la falta de rigor de las entidades gubernamentales en la fiscalización, otros países han reportado mejoras en cuanto a seguridad, implementando normas que velan por el buen funcionamiento en los procedimientos, maquinarias y recursos humanos, menguando los desastres mineros.
Analyzing the trade competitiveness of Indian coconut sector in the liberalization regime
Authors: Jayasekhar S. , Chandran K.P. , Thamban C. , Jaganathan D. , Muralidharan K.
Published: May 2017

Coconut export sector in India of late gained an outward orientation, especially since the Coconut Development Board was elevated to the status of export promotion council in the year 2009. In the recent period, the growth rate experienced in the coconut based value added products has been stupendous. Since there is an attempt for global value chain up-gradation at the production node of the sector, it is imperative to analyse our strengths in the world market in comparison with the major competitors. We have used the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) methodology to analyse India’s competitiveness in the exports of major coconut value added products traded across the world. The study revealed that, as far as the coconut value added products are concerned, India is comparatively a very small player with paltry export market shares. The analysis of RCA revealed that comparative advantage of India is lower than the major coconut exporting countries like Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The Philippines is the dominant player with highest RCA indices in most of the coconut value added product lines. The study suggests the need to formulate plausible strategies to reach the overseas market and capture the optimal share in market segments. Though we have a strong domestic market base, it is an indubitable fact that in the near future due to the evolving trade agreements even in the domestic sector we may confront fierce price competition from the overseas imports. Hence we need to chalk out modalities and execution plans to elevate our export competitiveness and comparative advantage.
TECNOLOGIA DIGITAL APLICADA AO JORNALISMO: relato de experiências com desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de software livre
Authors: Botelho-Francisco Rodrigo Eduardo
Published: May 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir as tecnologias digitais e o Jornalismo do ponto de vista da atuação possível em termos de pesquisa acadêmica. Trata-se de um ensaio e descrição de experiência, pautado na ideia de que as tecnologias de código aberto representam um terreno fértil para o Jornalismo Digital. Para tanto, faz revisão bibliográfica sobre o paradigma open source e conceitos que colaboram para a compreensão desta prática, além de relato sobre o desenvolvimento do Sistema de Apoio à Comunicação Integrada (SACI), tecnologia livre para gestão midiática. A proposta é uma reflexão crítica sobre os desafios e oportunidades encontrados no percurso, tendo em vista demonstrar um cenário e perspectivas de inovação no âmbito da pesquisa em Jornalismo brasileira.
TECNOLOGIA E NARRATIVAS DIGITAIS: por entre caminhos
Authors: Santos Márcio Carneiro dos , Porto Junior Francisco Gilson Rebouças
Published: May 2017

Se já não existe muita novidade em afirmar que o ambiente digital tem produzido aceleradas transformações na sociedade contemporânea, é necessário avançar no sentido de compreender como se dá essa mudança, que vetores a conduzem e que impactos gera na complexa teia das atividades humanas. No campo da Comunicação, a produção de sentido estruturada através da asséptica lógica binária, que organiza o fluxo de informações circulando em redes e sistemas telemáticos, constitui-se em desafio para pesquisadores que, por tradição, foram treinados dentro do projeto crítico-descritivo das Humanidades, pouco aberto a se debruçar sobre números, ferramentas de software, planilhas, códigos de programação e, principalmente, sobre o enorme volume de dados hoje disponíveis nas redes digitais, fatores que, gostemos ou não, impactam fortemente a essência de todo o conteúdo gerado nesse ambiente.
Leia mais aqui.
A NARRATIVA JORNALÍSTICA COMO FORMA DE APREENSÃO DO REAL: uma análise da reportagem especial Últimos desejos, do jornal Zero Hora
Authors: Lindemann Cristiane
Published: May 2017

Este artigo explora a narrativa jornalística para além da modalidade textual ou dos gêneros jornalísticos, considerando-a como uma forma de apreensão do mundo capaz de dar sentido a ele (LEAL, 2013). Por meio de uma análise pragmática (MOTTA, 2013), desvendamos as estratégias argumentativas utilizadas na reportagem especial intitulada Últimos desejos, publicada no jornal Zero Hora em julho de 2015. Dos resultados, inferimos que a jornalista Larissa Rosso utilizou duas vertentes de construção narrativa: uma mais objetiva, voltada para o real, relacionada ao tempo da história, aos locais onde se passam e aos personagens envolvidos, reforçando a veracidade dos fatos; outra mais subjetiva, dotada de recursos literários, orientando o leitor em sua atividade de interpretação.
A PUBLICIDADE NO CONTEXTO DA SOCIEDADE DA SENSAÇÃO: um formato comunicacional e a relação percepção/cognição em foco
Authors: Drigo Maria Ogécia
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a cognição em meio a um contexto permeado por choques audiovisuais e no qual as representações visuais estão incessantemente em cena. Para tanto, consideram-se as transformações da relação percepção/sensação no contexto da sociedade da sensação, na perspectiva de Christoph Türcke, bem como conceitos da arquitetura filosófica de Charles Sanders Peirce, principalmente a classificação dos signos em hipoícones e suas diversas modalidades e o movimento  percepção/cognição nos diversos níveis de consciência Da confluência dessas ideias conjeturamos sobre a importância da síntese e da construção de signos (objetos) que problematizem a relação ícone/índice, tarefa esta que cabe aos produtores (forjadores) de signos, entre eles, os designers e os publicitários.
LAS COMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS SE PUEDEN DESARROLLAR A TRAVÉS DE LA MODALIDAD DUAL EN UN LICEO TÉCNICO PROFESIONAL DE ALTA VULNERABILIDAD
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: May 2017

No contexto da Educação Profissional Técnica, o Dual Mode tem sido um compromisso do Ministério da Educação do Chile para melhorar a formação profissional. A mudança envolveu uma inovação curricular em torno do desenvolvimento de competências centrais, onde, além do ensino e da sala de aula tradicional, frequentam outros agentes e outros cenários que compartilham o trabalho de ensino. Neste contexto, a pesquisa continha, de acordo com os seus objetivos e formulação metodológica, a descrição de características da especialidade formação técnica profissional de Gestão do Complexo Educacional Dom Carlos Guillermo Hartl da cidade de Pitrufquén, Chile. O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a eficácia do currículo integrado através da avaliação da consecução das competências básicas dos alunos, diretamente relacionadas e o profissional necessário em contraste, os alunos com especialidade em "Electricidade" sem o modo dual.
HepPar1-Positive Circulating Microparticles are Increased in Subjects with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predict Early Recurrence after Liver Resection
Authors: Abbate Valeria , Marcantoni Margherita , Giuliante Felice , Vecchio Fabio M. , Gatto Ilaria , Mele Caterina , Saviano Antonio , Arciuolo Damiano , Gaetani Eleonora , Ferrari Maria C. , Giarretta Igor , Ardito Francesco , Riccardi Laura , Nicoletti Alberto , Ponziani Francesca R. , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pompili Maurizio , Pola Roberto
Published: May 2017

Circulating microparticles (MPs) are novel potential biomarkers in cancer patients. Their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is under intensive investigation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that MPs expressing the antigen HepPar1 are increased in the blood of subjects with HCC and may serve as markers of early recurrence after liver resection (LR). We studied fifteen patients affected by HCC undergoing LR and used flow cytometry to assess the number of circulating HepPar1+ MPs. Ten subjects without HCC (five with liver cirrhosis and 5 with healthy liver) were used as controls. After LR, HCC patients were followed-up for early recurrence, which occurred in seven cases. The number of circulating HepPar1+ MPs was significantly higher in subjects affected by HCC, compared to individuals without cancer (p<0.01). We also found that, among HCC patients, the number of circulating HepPar1+ MPs, measured before LR, was significantly higher in those who displayed early recurrence compared to those without recurrence (p=0.02). Of note, other types of circulating MPs, such as those derived from endothelial cells (CD144+) or those produced by the activated endothelium (CD144+/CD62+) were not associated with HCC, neither could predict HCC recurrence. HepPar1+ MPs deserve further investigation as novel biomarkers of disease and prognosis in HCC patients.
A New Approach for the Preparation of Functional Poly(acrylonitrile-g-glycidyl methacrylate) Polymer Brush
Authors: Wang Yating , Wang Wenxiang , Chen Hou , Bai Liangjiu , Xu Hui
Published: May 2017

A new approach for the preparation of polymer brush was developed via the union of controlled/“living” radical polymerization and click chemistry. The application of the approach realized the more quickly and accurate design and synthesis of the polymer brushes. A novel functional polymer brush of poly(acrylonitrile-g-glycidyl methacrylate) with tremendous application potential in the field of biology has been successfully synthesized via the new approach. The reaction conditions of click chemistry were optimized with the reaction time and the reactant ratio and judged from UV-vis spectra. Under the optimum of click chemistry, the novel functional polymer brushes were prepared. The GPC, FTIR analyses, 1H NMR spectrum and TGA were employed to ensure the successful synthesis of poly(acrylonitrile-g-glycidyl methacrylate) polymer brushes.
Introducing Sustainability in Value Models to Support Design Decision Making: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bertoni Marco
Published: May 2017

Manufacturing organizations shall recognize sustainability as a business occasion to capitalize on, rather than an undesirable pressing situation. Still, empirical evidence shows that this opportunity is hard to capture and communicate in global strategic decisions, through planning by tactical management, to daily operational activities. This paper systematically reviews the modelling challenges at the cross-road of value and sustainability decisions making, spotlighting methods and tools proposed in literature to link sustainability to customer value creation at strategic, tactical and operational level. While statistical results show that the topic of sustainability and value modeling is trending in literature, findings from content analysis reveal that recent attempts to promote a value-based view in the sustainability discussion remain at a strategic level, with most of the proposed indicators being suited for managerial decision-making. The lack of support at operational level points to the opportunity of cross-pollinating sustainability research with value-centered methodologies originating from the aerospace sector. The Value Driven Design framework is proposed as main hub from which to derive models supporting engineers and technology developers in the identification of win-win-win situations, where sustainable improvements are aligned with business advantages.
Data–Driven Fault Diagnosis of a Wind Farm Benchmark Model
Authors: Simani Silvio , Castaldi Paolo , Farsoni Saverio
Published: May 2017

The fault diagnosis of wind farms has been proven to be a challenging task and motivates the research activities carried out through this work. Therefore, this paper deals with the fault diagnosis of a wind park benchmark model, and it considers viable solutions to the problem of earlier fault detection and isolation. The design of the fault indicator involves data-driven approaches, as they can represent effective tools for coping with poor analytical knowledge of the system dynamics, noise, uncertainty and disturbances. In particular, the proposed data-driven solutions rely on fuzzy models and neural networks that are used to describe the strongly nonlinear relationships between measurement and faults. The chosen architectures rely on nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input models, as they can represent the dynamic evolution of the system along time. The developed fault diagnosis schemes are tested by means of a high-fidelity benchmark model, that simulates the normal and the faulty behaviour of a wind farm installation. The achieved performances are also compared with those of a model-based approach relying on nonlinear differential geometry tools. Finally, a Monte-Carlo analysis validates the robustness and the reliability of the proposed solutions against typical parameter uncertainties and disturbances.
A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Reactivity of Azomethine Imine in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar
Published: May 2017

The electronic structure and the participation of the simplest azomethine imine (AI) in [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions have been analysed within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) using DFT calculations at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d) level. Electron localisation function (ELF) topological analysis reveals that AI has a pseudoradical structure, while the conceptual DFT reactivity indices characterise this TAC as a moderate electrophile and a good nucleophile. The non-polar 32CA reaction of AI with ethylene takes place through a one-step mechanism with low activation energy, 5.3 kcal/mol-1. A bonding evolution theory (BET) study indicates that this reaction takes place through a non-concerted [2n+2τ] mechanism in which the C–C bond formation is clearly anticipated prior to the C–N one. On the other hand, the polar 32CA reaction of AI with dicyanoethylene takes place through a two-stage one-step mechanism. Now, the more favourable regioisomeric transition state structure (TS) is located 8.5 kcal•mol−1 below the reagents, in complete agreement with the high polar character of the TS. The current MEDT study makes it possible to extend Domingo’s classification of 32CA reactions to a new pra-type of reactivity.
Autonomous Terrestrial Image Segmentation and Sensor Node Localization for Disaster Management using Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deblina , Paul Anand , Hong Won-Hwa , Seo HyunCheol , S. Karthik
Published: May 2017

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during emergency response of a disaster has been widespread in recent years and the terrain images captured by the cameras on board these vehicles are significant sources of information for such disaster monitoring operations. Thus, analyzing such images are important for assessing the terrain of interest during such emergency response operations. Further, these UAVs are mainly used in disaster monitoring systems for the automated deployment of sensor nodes in real time. Therefore, deploying and localizing the wireless sensor nodes optimally, only in the regions of interest that are identified by segmenting the images captured by UAVs, hold paramount significance thereby effecting their performance. In this paper, the highly effective nature-inspired Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm (PGSA) has been applied for the segmentation of such terrestrial images and also for the localization of the deployed sensor nodes. The problem is formulated as a multi-dimensional optimization problem and PGSA has been used to solve it. Furthermore, the proposed method has been compared to other existing evolutionary methods and simulation results show that PGSA gives better performance with respect to both speed and accuracy unlike other techniques in literature.
A Novel Hybrid Approach Based on Instance Based Learning Classifier and Rotation Forest Ensemble for Spatial Prediction of Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides Using GIS
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Khanh , Tien Bui Dieu , Hoang Nhat-Duc , Trinh Phan Trong , Nguyen Viet-Ha , Yilmaz Isık
Published: May 2017

This study proposes a novel hybrid machine learning approach for modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides. The proposed approach is a combination of an instance-based learning algorithm (k-NN) and Rotation Forest (RF), state of the art machine techniques that have seldom explored for landslide modeling. The Lang Son city area (Vietnam) is selected as a case study. For this purpose, a spatial database for the study area was constructed, and then, was used to build and evaluate the hybrid model. Performance of the model was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), area under the ROC curve (AUC), success rate and prediction rate, and several statistical evaluation metrics. The results showed that the model has high performance with both the training data (AUC = 0.948) and the validation data (AUC = 0.848). The results were compared with those obtained from soft computing techniques i.e. Random Forest, J48 Decision Trees, and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks. Overall, the performance of the proposed model is better than those obtained from the above methods. Therefore, the proposed model is a promising tool for landslide modeling. The research result can be highly useful for land use planning and management in landslide prone areas.
Disinfection of Water Borne Pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by Solar Photocatalysis using Sonochemically Synthesized Reusable Ag@ZnO Core-shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Das Sourav , Ranjana Neha , Misra Ananyo Jyoti , Suar Mrutyunjay , Mishra Amrita , Tamhankar Ashok J. , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Tripathy Suraj K
Published: May 2017

Water borne pathogens present a threat to human health and their disinfection from water poses a challenge, prompting search for newer methods and newer materials. Disinfection of Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and Gram-positive coccal bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in aqueous matrix was achieved within 60 and 90 minutes respectively at 35⁰C using solar-photocatalysis mediated by sonochemically synthesized Ag@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles. The efficiency of the process increased with increase in temperature and at 55⁰C the disinfection could be achieved in 45 and 60 min respectively for the two bacteria. A new ultrasound assisted chemical precipitation technique was used for the synthesis of Ag@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles. The characteristics of the synthesized material were established using physical techniques. The material remained stable even at 400o C. Disinfection efficiency of the Ag@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles was confirmed in case of real world water samples from pond, river, municipal tap and was found to be better than that of pure ZnO and TiO2 (Degussa P25). When the nanoparticle based catalyst was recycled and reused for subsequent disinfection experiments, its efficiency did not change remarkably even after three cycles. The sonochemically synthesized Ag@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles have a good potential for application in solar photocatalytic disinfection of water borne pathogens.
Convective to Absolute Instability Transition in a Horizontal Porous Channel with Open Upper Boundary
Authors: Barletta Antonio , Celli Michele
Published: May 2017

A linear stability analysis of the parallel uniform flow in a horizontal channel with open upper boundary is carried out. The lower boundary is considered as an impermeable isothermal wall, while the open upper boundary is subject to a uniform heat flux and it is exposed to an external horizontal fluid stream driving the flow. An eigenvalue problem is obtained for the two-dimensional transverse modes of perturbation. The study of the analytical dispersion relation leads to the conditions for the onset of convective instability as well as to the determination of the parametric threshold for the transition to absolute instability. The results are generalised to the case of three-dimensional perturbations.
Qur’anic Scientism in Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s Risala
Authors: Bhat Ali Muhammad
Published: May 2017

One of the prominent factor leading to the continuing decline of the Muslim Ummah is rivalry between scientific mind and traditional mind-set. The modern Muslim intellectuals are fascinated by scientific developments in the West and discouraged by the inability of Ummah. The process of re-emergence as developed community is imbedded in re-Islamization of scientific knowledge. The rise of Muslim Ummah is tied with integration of Shari’ah based knowledge and scientific knowledge. The focus of the Muslim intellectual pursuits must once again gravitate towards these two fountains of true knowledge. To achieve this goal, Said Nursi a versatile personality, a true representative of Islam came with all-inclusive ideas for integration of both the knowledge’s. He advocates the Qur’anic Scientism and discussed faith based research (iman tahqiqi) relying on positive action (jihad Manaavi) in Risal-i Nur. In this paper an Attempt has been made to acme the Qur’anic Scientism in Risal-i- Nur, to prove Qur’anic Scientism highly applicable while as Said Nursi as admirably a true representative of Qur’anic Message in the modern era.
الأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين في العالم الإسلامي: الواقع والمشكلات والحلول
Authors: Bashir Mohammed Sharif
Published: May 2017

الملخص
يهدفُ هذا البحثُ إلى التعرف على واقع أوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين، ويُحاولُ أنْ يُقدم تحليلاً للمشكلات والتحديات التي تواجهها، كما يهدفُ البحثُ إلى بيان المقصود بمصطلح أوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين، ويوضح أهمية الوقف عليهما وضرورة تطويره، ويناقشُ البحثُ الحلول المُمكنة للتغلب على تلك المشكلات، وكيفية الاستجابة للتحديات الماثلة، استخدم البحثُ المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في التّعريف بالأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين، وتحليل المشكلات والتحديات المتعلقة ببعض الجوانب الإدارية والتنظيمية والاستثمارية للأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين، وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج مهمة من بينها أسباب المشكلات القائمة والحلول الممكنة التي ستؤدي إلى تحسين واقع الأوقاف على الحرمين الشَّريفين، كما يقدم البحث مقترحات عملية لتطوير أساليب الإدارة والاستثمار لأوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقف الإسلامي، اٌوقاف الحرمين الشَّريفين، مصارف الأوقاف، استثمار الوقف، إدارة الوقف.

Abstract:

This paper aims at recognizing the reality of the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques, through endowments definition of the Two Holy Mosques. It also identifies the most important problems and challenges, and discusses the investment and administrative aspects related to the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques. The present paper employs descriptive and analytical approaches.  The main findings highlighted  the most important challenges and difficulties for the endowments the Two Holy Mosques. This paper presents some useful policies and recommendations to develop and improve the investment and management of the endowments of the Two Holy Mosques.

Keywords: Islamic Waqf, Awaqf of the Two Holy Mosques, Waqf beneficiaries, endowment investment, endowment management. 
Islamic Values in The Tradition of Samin Community at East Java
Authors: Oktafia Renny , Mawardi Imron
Published: May 2017

Samin culture is one of the few sub-cultures that exist in East Java. Samin community in East Java settled in the district of Bojonegoro. In popular culture Samin contains a lot of wisdom values that is in accordance with the values of Islamic culture. The values of cultural wisdom Samin community's need to be excavated and preserved, in order to improve the livelihood of the people, which in turn will create a civilization that is safe, peaceful, just and prosperous nation's development objectives.

In traditional Islam can be used as a guide in shaping the law syar'i. Terms used in Islam to the local traditions referred to as' urf. U'rf can be used as legal guidelines syar'i for 'urf is not contrary to the Qur'an and Hadith. Given the synergy between local culture and Islamic culture, the life activities undertaken by the community remain in accordance with the teachings of religion, but the local culture is preserved continuity.
De ‘Trabalhador Migrante’ a ‘Cidadão Sul-Americano’: uma análise da política migratória multilateral
Authors: Gallegos Jacques Ramírez
Published: May 2017

ResumoO presente artigo examina o tratamento dos assuntos migratórios na América do Sul de uma perspectiva multilateral. A tese central do texto é que tanto a CAN como o Mercosul tiveram uma visão unidimensional do assunto, na qual prevalecem os enfoques econômico-comerciais e veem os migrantes como “mão de obra”. Ao contrário dessa visão esta a UNASUL, que vem pensando o tema de maneira integral, superando a histórica divisão entre “migrantes desejáveis” e “não desejáveis” e recuperando a categoria de cidadania sul-americana como  um elemento central para a integração regional.Palavras-chaves: migração, multilateralismo,  integração, cidadania sul-americana. De ‘Trabajador Migrante’ a ‘Ciudadano Suramericano’: un análisis de la política migratoria multilateralResumenEl presente artículo examina el tratamiento de los asuntos migratorios en América del Sur desde una perspectiva multilateral. La tesis central del texto es que tanto la CAN (Comunidad Andina de Naciones) como MERCOSUR (Mercado Común del Sur) han tenido una mirada unidimensional donde prevalecen los enfoques económico comerciales y ven a los migrantes como ‘mano de obra’. Por el contrario, desde la UNASUR (Unión de Naciones Suramericanas) se ha pensando el tema de manera integral superando la histíricoa división entre ‘migrantes deseables’ y ‘no deseables’ y recuperando la categoría de ciudadanía suramericana como un elemento central para la integración regional.Palabras Claves: migración, multilateralismo, integración, ciudadania suramericana From 'Migrant Worker' to 'South American Citizen': an analysis of multilateral migration policySummaryThis article examines the treatment of migratory issues in South America from a multilateral perspective. The central argument holds that both the CAN (the Community of Andean Nations), and the MERCOSUR have a vision of migratory issues that is largely dictated by the prevalence of economic and commercial interests; a maniquean perspective  that has reduced the role of migrants to that of a source of labor. UNASUR (Union of South American Nation), however, has set itself apart from other regional counterparts by approaching migratory issues from a more holistic perspective, thus overcoming the historical division between desireable and undesireable migrants, and thus recuperating the invaluable notion of South American citizenship as a bedrock of regional integration. Keywords: migration,  multilateralism, integration, Sout Amerian citizenship.
Population Health Management: Is There Any Role for Orthopaedics?
Authors: Boden Scott D. , Smith Brian T. , Handley Matthew
Published: May 2017

The next phase of health-care reform will accelerate the formation of integrated delivery systems and the creation of value and savings through population health management. Accomplishing this goal requires 3 key factors, including (1) enabling groups of physicians and hospitals to legally work together to cover a broad geographic area, (2) the formation of integrated delivery systems that cover the low to high-acuity and post-acute care spectrums, and (3) identifying mechanisms through which a subspecialty can impact the health of a population of patients.

At first glance, it would be easy to assume that this is largely a primary care initiative and that orthopaedic surgeons cannot influence population health since they often just repair things after they have broken or worn out. This symposium will challenge that assumption and demonstrate the potential for orthopaedic surgeons to play a major role in population health management. Some of the mechanisms include implementing shared decision-making for elective procedures, reducing premature/unnecessary imaging and subspecialty referrals, improving bone health (osteoporosis prevention and fall risk assessment), and developing payment methodologies to reward population-based, rather than individual-based, positive musculoskeletal outcomes.
Retracted Publications in Orthopaedics
Authors: Rai Rahul , Sabharwal Sanjeev
Published: May 2017

Background:

Retracted publications are a crucial, yet overlooked, issue in the scientific community. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and trends of retracted publications in the field of orthopaedics.

Methods:

Five databases were utilized to identify retracted publications in orthopaedics. The cited articles were assessed for various characteristics, including reason for retraction, based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and trends over time.

Results:

From 1984 to June 4, 2016, 59 of 229,502 orthopaedic publications were retracted (3 per 10,000 articles). There was a spike in the prevalence (22 of 59) of retracted articles in 2015. When compared with the total number of retracted publications identified through PubMed, the field of orthopaedics represented 1.4% of all retracted publications. The original version of 47 of these 59 retracted publications was still available on the respective journal’s web site; 14 (30%) of these were not noted as having been retracted. The mean time from electronic publication to retraction was 19.4 ± 23.3 months. The mean number of citations of a retracted publication after the date of retraction was 9.3 ± 19.3. Reasons for retraction included plagiarism (32%), misconduct (27%), redundant publication (22%), miscalculation or experimental error (8%), and unethical research (0%); the reason for retraction was not stated for 10% of the publications. There was no correlation between a journal’s impact factor and the mean number of months to retraction (p = 0.564).

Conclusions:

While uncommon, the retraction of publications within the field of orthopaedics may be increasing. The most often cited reasons for retraction were plagiarism, misconduct, and redundant publication. Retracted articles continue to be cited in the literature after retraction.

Clinical Relevance:

Greater awareness of the COPE guidelines within the orthopaedic community and more efficient means to prevent the citation of retracted articles are needed.
New Steel Plate for Liquefied-Natural-Gas Storage Tank
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 183286, “New Steel Plate for LNG Storage Tank,” by T. Kagaya, H. Furuya, T. Kamo, Y. Takahashi, H. Wakamatsu, and T. Nagao, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal; H. Nishigami and S. Tomita, Osaka Gas; and S. Hirai and M. Mitsumoto, Toyo Kanetsu, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

For more than 50 years, 9% Ni steel with excellent mechanical properties at a cryogenic temperature of less than –162°C has been used as inner-tank material for liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) storage tanks. However, a reduction of the nickel content in steel can save construction costs of LNG storage tanks. A new steel plate for LNG storage tanks has been developed by optimizing chemical composition and applying recent thermomechanical-control-process (TMCP) technology.

Introduction

With demand for LNG rising, construction of above-ground LNG storage tanks is expected to increase. 9% Ni steel plate has excellent strength and cryogenic toughness. For LNG storage tanks, a double-integrity structure has been proposed to prevent peremptory destruction (Fig. 1).

Although a high safety standard is demanded for such steel plates, in terms of saving construction costs of LNG tanks, a reduction in the amount of nickel used was desired. The new steel plate, equivalent to conventional 9% Ni steel, has been developed by adopting a TMCP to obtain the refined microstructure and a large amount of retained austenite.

Development of New Steel Concept. In the development of the new steel, key technologies are application of the TMCP and optimization of chemical compositions. The properties of the base plate and welded joint of the new steel are equivalent to those of 9% Ni steel, with excellent brittle-crack-initiation resistance and brittle-crack-propagation-arresting capability.

A TMCP is a production process wherein the rolling temperature and cooling rate after rolling are controlled. TMCP technology, which improves strength, toughness, and weldability, was developed for use in shipbuilding steel or line-pipe steel. TMCP technology has been applied to plates for offshore structures, high-rise buildings, bridges, and several other structural applications. Microstructures obtained with TCMP technology are finer than those obtained with conventional processes.

The production process of the new steel is a combination of controlled rolling, accelerated cooling, and appropriate heat treatment (intermediate heat treatment, known as lamellarizing). A very fine martensitic microstructure is formed by controlling the previous austenite grain size in the heating process and rolling conditions in the uncrystallized zone and quenching in the accelerated cooling process after rolling. Retained austenite, which improves toughness, is also formed by lamellarizing and tempering after direct quenching. The amount of retained austenite of the new steel is greater than that of 9% Ni steel.
Technology Focus: High-Pressure/High-Temperature Challenges (April 2017)
Authors: Ziegler Robert
Published: May 2017

Technology Focus

As I begin my term as reviewer for the High-Pressure/High-Temperature (HP/HT) Challenges feature in JPT, I look forward to reading the best work produced by our skilled and dedicated members and to following in the footsteps of the late Mike Payne, whose excellent work I know our readers and members appreciated. In my first feature, I elected to focus on selecting papers that offered a somewhat different theme than is often seen in the majority of papers presented at HP/HT conferences. Instead of selecting papers that were dedicated to material selection, I considered works that concentrated upon best practices and recently developed technologies that make operations in these difficult environments more efficient and far safer for crews and for the environment itself. The three papers I have chosen draw from a variety of locations (Malaysia, Vietnam, and the UAE) and illustrate methods of ensuring optimal cost savings and enhanced safety in HP/HT projects.

The first of these papers focuses on identification of pore-pressure uncertainties especially detrimental in HP/HT scenarios, requiring the appropriate contingencies in well planning, and offers an integrated approach to predict and weather these uncertainties. The second paper reviews best practices in managed-pressure-drilling systems for HP/HT wells, with respect to cost savings and increased drilling performance in the current low-oil-price scenario. The final paper discusses completion with expandable liner hangers in HP/HT environments, allowing the essential rotation and reciprocation during cementing while establishing an instantaneous seal at the liner lap after setting.

I hope that you enjoy these important papers that reflect our members’ innovation, dedication, and technical expertise.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

OTC 26663 Innovative Multitechnologies Collaboration for Ultra-HP/HT Offshore Fracturing Stimulation by Arya B. Christiawan, Schlumberger, et al.

IADC/SPE 178857 A Challenging HP/HT Operation Supported by Dynamic Real-Time Simulation, Forecasting, and 3D Visualization by Josef Nabavi, eDrilling, et al.

SPE/IADC 179184 MPD Application for Ultra-HP/HT Wellbore by Craig Starkey, Chevron, et al.
Uncertainty Quantification for History-Matching Problems
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: May 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 181611, “Uncertainty Quantification for History-Matching Problems With Multiple Best Matches Using a Distributed Gauss-Newton Method,” by Guohua Gao, SPE, Jeroen C. Vink, SPE, Chaohui Chen, SPE, Mohammadali Tarrahi, SPE, and Yaakoub El Khamra, Shell, prepared for the 2016 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 26–28 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

It is critically important for decision making and an extremely challenging task to quantify the uncertainty of model parameters and production forecasts properly after conditioning to production data. This paper presents a novel approach to generate approximate conditional realizations using the distributed Gauss-Newton (DGN) method together with a multiple local Gaussian approximation technique. Results are compared with those obtained from other approaches, such as randomized maximum likelihood (RML), ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), and Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC).

Introduction

It is well-known that oil- and gasfield development is a high-risk venture. Uncertainties originating from geological models (e.g., structure, stratigraphy, channels, and geobodies) are coupled with uncertainties of reservoir models (e.g., distribution of permeability and porosity in the reservoir) and uncertainties of economic parameters (e.g., oil and gas prices and costs associated with drilling and other operations). It is critically important to properly quantify the uncertainty of such parameters and their effect on production forecasts and economic evaluations. Recently, multiobjective-optimization techniques have been developed to maximize expectations of some economic indicators (e.g., net present value) and, at the same time, to minimize associated uncertainty or risk.

Because of limited access to the subsurface reservoir (e.g., it is impossible to measure the permeability and porosity at the location of each gridblock of a simulation model), reservoir properties have quite large uncertainties. In a greenfield, before starting production, available data are limited to static data or hard data such as core data, well-log data, well-testing data, and sometimes seismic data. Hence, it is necessary to generate multiple realizations of structural and petrophysical models with limited information, on the basis of prior estimates of the relative probability of each realization. Then, uncertainty in reservoir performance or production forecasting can be quantified (e.g., with design of experiment or with other techniques).

Generally, production profiles generated by running reservoir-simulation models with these prior realizations or unconditional realizations do not honor production data. Uncertain model parameters, such as permeability and porosity, potentially in each gridblock, have to be tuned so that the modified reservoir models are able to generate production profiles that are compatible with production data (e.g., by use of assisted history matching).
Analysis of Sandface-Temperature-Transient Data for Slightly Compressible, Single-Phase Reservoirs
Authors: Onur Mustafa , Cinar Murat
Published: May 2017

This paper presents new semilog-straight-line and temperature-derivative methods for interpreting and analyzing sandface-temperature transient data from constant-rate drawdown and buildup tests conducted in infinite-acting reservoirs containing slightly compressible fluid of constant compressibility and viscosity. The procedures are dependent on the analytical solutions accounting for Joule-Thomson (J-T) heating/cooling, adiabatic-fluid expansion, and conduction and convection effects. The development of the analytical solutions is dependent on the fact that the effects of temperature changes on pressure-transient data can be neglected so that the pressure-diffusivity and thermal-energy-balance equations can be decoupled. The analytical solutions are verified by and are found in excellent agreement with the solutions of a commercial nonisothermal reservoir simulator. It is shown that drawdown and buildup sandface-temperature data may exhibit three infinite-acting radial-flow (IARF) periods (represented by semilog equations): one at early times reflecting the adiabatic expansion/compression effects, another at intermediate times reflecting the J-T expansion in the skin zone if skin exists, and the third at late times reflecting J-T expansion effects in the nonskin zone. Performing semilog analyses by use of these IARF regimes gives estimates of permeability of skin and nonskin zones as well as the radius of the skin zone, assuming that the J-T coefficient of the fluid and the viscosity are known. Parameters such as skin-zone permeability and radius are not readily accessible from conventional pressure-transient analysis (PTA) from which only the skin factor and nonskin-zone permeability can be obtained. The applicability of the proposed analysis procedure is demonstrated by considering synthetic and field-test data. The results indicate that the analysis procedure provides reliable estimates of skin-zone and nonskin-zone permeability and skin-zone radius from drawdown or buildup temperature data jointly with pressure data.
A Discrete, Arbitrarily Oriented 3D Plane-Source Analytical Solution to the Diffusivity Equation for Modeling Reservoir Fluid Flow
Authors: Bao Anqi , Hazlett Randy D. , Krishna Babu D..
Published: May 2017

A highly accurate and efficiently computable analytical solution to the diffusivity equation is presented for modeling fluid flow into a 3D, arbitrarily oriented plane sink within a box-shaped, anisotropic medium with Neumann boundary conditions. The plane sink represents a gathering system for a well stimulated by means of hydraulic fracturing. Our plane-source Neumann function arises from analytic double integration of the point-source solution to the diffusivity equation along two vectors, forming a parallelogram. A Neumann boundary condition is achieved by means of the method of images, resulting in triple infinite summations that are reduced with mathematical identities to a combination of closed-form expressions and infinite sums with exponential damping. Our solution forecasts time-dependent behavior of fractured wells, useful in interpreting field experiments for the characterization of fracturing efficacy, reservoir size, and matrix fluid-transport properties.

We demonstrate our model with two applications. One is pressure-transient analysis with identified flow regimes from a pressure vs. time plot. The other is pseudosteady-state (PSS) pressure mapping, simulating inflow from multiple fractures along the trajectory of a single horizontal well, which is achieved with superposition theory and adjustment of flux strength of each plane source to achieve a common pressure at each well/fracture intersection.
Long-term Effect of Manure Application in a Certified Organic Production System on Soil Physical and Chemical Parameters and Vegetable Yields
Authors: Verlinden Sven , McDonald Louis , Kotcon James , Childs Silas
Published: May 2017

In 1999, West Virginia University (WVU) established an organic farming systems project with a market garden section consisting of 32 plots measuring 16 × 25 ft arranged in a completely randomized design. Sixteen of these plots were managed as high-input and 16 as low-input plots. High-input plots received 10 tons/acre per year of dairy manure and a rye-vetch (Secale cereale and Vicia villosa) cover crop during each winter season since the inception of the experiment in 1999. Fertility in low-input plots was managed solely with an annual rye-vetch cover crop while both treatments also received 5 tons/acre of mixed species hay used as mulch in 2 of every 4 years. A 4-year rotation of crops, green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), green pepper (Capsicum annuum), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, and Asteraceae families, was established in 1999 and has been maintained ever since. Soil organic matter (SOM) in the upper 6 inches of the soil profile (4.4% in 1999) has remained unchanged in low-input plots at 5.2% in 2004 and 5.4% in 2014, the year following transition and most recent data collection, respectively. During this same time period, significant increases in SOM from 6.4% in 2004 to 8.7% in 2014 were observed in high-input plots. Bulk density was lower in high-input plots than low-input plots in 2014. Despite these improvements in soil quality, high-input plots showed very high levels of phosphorus and potassium. Over the duration of the experiment, yearly manure application increased yields by 22% in all crops combined; however, individual crops responded quite differently. The yield was 9%, 25%, 24%, and 24% higher in high-input plots than in low-input plots for tomato, pepper, zucchini, and green bean, respectively. Manure application in addition to green manures and hay mulch incorporation was found to result in significant economic returns.