bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative measurement of hydrogen isotopes in titanium using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Feng Chunrong , Yang Ruizhu , Li Qiang , Ye Xiaoqiu , Wu Jiliang , Chen Changan , Wang Xuefeng , Chen Xiaohong
Published: February 2020

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been considered a promising technology for nuclear safeguard inspection, especially for isotope content ratio determination, since it can be easily designed for portable, fast, and in situ measurement. However, it was a challenge to determine hydrogen isotopes in metal samples due to the unfavorable spectral interference, the poor calibration of the hydrogen content, and the small difference between the atomic emission intensity of hydrogen isotopes at around 656.28 nm. This paper presents the determination of hydrogen isotope contents ratio using LIBS under partially baseline-resolved conditions. The results show that by introducing a proper buffer atmosphere for the LIBS measurement, the resolution of the hydrogen and deuterium emissions could be improved, but still not enabled, by a baseline resolution with a moderate resolution spectrometer. However, with the method of integral intensity correction, the accurate quantitative measurement of hydrogen and deuterium contents in a metal matrix could be achieved. This work provided the possibilities for the further development of LIBS in hydrogen isotopes in in situ measurement for nuclear safeguards.
High-sensitivity refractometric sensing with an indirectly coupled active and passive microresonator-waveguide system
Authors: Peng Zhao-Hui , Jia Chun-Xia , Zhang Yu-Qing
Published: February 2020

We investigate high-sensitivity refractometric sensing with indirectly coupled active and passive optical microresonators mediated by drop-filter waveguides. It is shown that the line shape and amplitude of power reflection and transmission spectra are relevant with both phase delay and gain of microresonators, and high-sensitivity refractometric sensing may be realizable with three enhancement mechanisms, i.e., phase delay-induced sharp Fano spectra, gain-induced narrow-linewidth Lorentzian spectra, and exceptional points (EPs). Between the former two enhancement mechanisms, the competitive relationship, which is determined by the interplay of phase delay and gain, exists. The system could be tuned into the vicinity of the EP by choosing appropriate phase delay and gain. As the system response to the slight change of external parameter is evidently benefiting from the critical behavior, ultrahigh-sensitivity refractometric sensing could be realizable due to the dynamical amplification effect.
Sampling moiré method: a tool for sensing quadratic phase distortion and its correction for accurate quantitative phase microscopy
Authors: Jayakumar Nikhil , Ahmad Azeem , Mehta Dalip Singh , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh
Published: February 2020

The advantages of quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) such as label-free imaging with high spatial sensitivity, live cell compatibility and high-speed imaging makes it viable for various biological applications. The measurement accuracy of QPM strongly relies on the shape of the recorded interferograms, whether straight or curved fringes are recorded during the data acquisition. Moreover, for a single shot phase recovery high fringe density is required. The wavefront curvature for the high-density fringes over the entire field of view is difficult to be discerned with the naked eye. As a consequence, there is a quadratic phase aberration in the recovered phase images due to curvature mismatch. In the present work, we have implemented sampling moiré method for real-time sensing of the wavefront curvature mismatch between the object and the reference wavefronts and further for its correction. By zooming out the interferogram, moiré fringes are generated which helps to easily identify the curvature of the fringes. The wavefront curvature mismatch correction accuracy of the method is tested with the help of low temporal coherent light source such as a white light (temporal coherence ∼ 1.6 µm). The proposed scheme is successfully demonstrated to remove the quadratic phase aberration caused due to wavefront mismatch from an USAF resolution target and the biological tissue samples. The phase recovery accuracy of the current scheme is further compared with and found to better than the standard method called principle component analysis. The proposed method enables recording of the corrected wavefront interferogram without needing any additional optical components or modification and also does not need any post-processing correction algorithms. The proposed method of curvature compensation paves the path for a high-throughput and accurate quantitative phase imaging.
Velocity measurements with structured light transmitted through a multimode optical fiber using digital optical phase conjugation
Authors: Büttner Lars , Thümmler Martin , Czarske Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Lensless fiber microendoscopes enable optical diagnostics and therapy with minimal invasiveness. Because of their small diameters, multimode fibers are ideal candidates, but mode scrambling hinders the transmission of structured light fields. We present the generation of a localized fringe system at variable distances from the distal fiber end by exploiting digital optical phase conjugation. The replayed fringe system was used for quantitative metrology. Velocity measurements of a microchannel flow in the immediate proximity of the fiber end without the use of any imaging lenses are shown. Lensless multimode fiber systems are of interest especially for biomedical imaging and stimulation as well as technical inspection and flow measurements.
Active controllable dual broadband terahertz absorber based on hybrid metamaterials with vanadium dioxide
Authors: Huang Jin , Li Jining , Yang Yue , Li Jie , li Jiahui , Zhang Yating , Yao Jianquan
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we present an active controllable terahertz absorber with dual broadband characteristics, comprised by two diagonal identical patterns of vanadium dioxide in the top layer of the classical three-layer structure of metamaterial perfect absorbers. Simulation results show that two bandwidths of 80% absorption are 0.88 THz and 0.77 THz from 0.56 to 1.44 THz and 2.88 to 3.65 THz, respectively. By using thermal control to change the conductivity of the vanadium dioxide, absorptance can be continuously adjusted from 20% to 90%. The impedance matching theory is introduced to analyze and elucidate the physical mechanism of the perfect absorption. Field analyses are further investigated to get more insight into the physical origin of the dual broadband absorption. In addition, incident polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption are also demonstrated. The proposed absorber promises diverse applications in terahertz regime, such as imaging, modulating, sensing and cloaking.
Simultaneous realizations of absorber and transparent conducting metal in a single metamaterial
Authors: Chen Lingling , Song Zhengyong
Published: February 2020

By introducing vanadium dioxide film into a multilayer structure, the dual functionalities of perfect absorption and high transmission are presented using the insulator-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide. When vanadium dioxide is in the conducting state, the designed system acts as a narrowband absorber. The proposed absorber is composed of the top metallic ring, silica spacer, and the vanadium dioxide film. The absorption peak is originated from localized magnetic resonance between metallic ring and vanadium dioxide film. When vanadium dioxide is in the insulating state, the designed system acts as a transparent conducting metal. The top metallic ring, the middle dielectric spacer, and the subwavelength metallic mesh are combined together to form an antireflection coating. The influences of incident angle and structure parameter on absorption and transmission are also discussed. This work has demonstrated a new route for developing vanadium dioxide-based switchable photonic devices in the fields of filter and modulator at terahertz frequencies.
Manipulating cold atoms through a high-resolution compact system based on a multimode fiber
Authors: Vitrant Nicolas , Müller Kilian , Garcia Sébastien , Ourjoumtsev Alexei
Published: February 2020

We show that a standard multimode optical fiber can act as a high-resolution ultra-compact tool to manipulate cold atoms in setups with limited optical access. Spatial light modulators allow us to generate control beams at the in-vacuum fiber end by digital optical phase conjugation. With no additional in-vacuum optics, this system reaches a

∼
1

µ

m

resolution for a transverse size of only 225 µm. As a demonstration, we use it to optically transport cold atoms towards the in-vacuum fiber end, to load them in optical microtraps, and to re-cool them in optical molasses. This work shows that the rapid progress of optics in complex media opens new, to the best of our knowledge, perspectives for spatially constrained quantum technology platforms combining cold atoms with other optical, electronic, or opto-mechanical systems.
Extremely robust femtosecond written fiber Bragg gratings for an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator with 5  kW output power
Authors: Krämer Ria G. , Möller Friedrich , Matzdorf Christian , Goebel Thorsten A. , Strecker Maximilian , Heck Maximilian , Richter Daniel , Plötner Marco , Schreiber Thomas , Tünnermann Andreas , Nolte Stefan
Published: February 2020

We present highly robust fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in passive large-mode-area fibers for kilowatt fiber laser systems. The gratings were inscribed directly through the fiber coating using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses and then implemented in an all-fiber ytterbium-doped single-mode oscillator setup reaching up to 5 kW signal output power. The untreated cooled FBGs showed thermal coefficients as low as

1

K

k
W

−
1

, proving excellent qualification for the implementation into robust high-power fiber laser setups.
Radially polarized symmetric Airy beam
Authors: Xu Chuangjie , Hu Hongcheng , Liu Yujun , Deng Dongmei
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we introduce a new kind of radially polarized beam called the radially polarized symmetric Airy beam (RPSAB). Compared to the linearly polarized symmetric Airy beam (SAB), the hollow focus spot of RPSAB enables it to trap a microparticle whose refractive index is lower than that of the surrounding medium, and the focus intensity of RPSAB is nearly three times higher than that of SAB under the same conditions. Also, we present the on-axis and off-axis radially polarized symmetric Airy vortex beam (RPSAVB). In the on-axis case, we find the maximum intensity of RPSAVB is about two times higher than that of RPSAB. For the off-axis case, we prove that slight misalignment of the vortex and RPSAB enables guiding the vortex into one of the self-accelerating channels, the same as the symmetric Airy vortex beam. Our results may expand the applications of RPSAB in laser cutting, metal processing, nanofocusing, and three-dimensional trapping of metallic Rayleigh particles.
Accurate classification of microalgae by intelligent frequency-division-multiplexed fluorescence imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Harmon Jeffrey , Mikami Hideharu , Kanno Hiroshi , Ito Takuro , Goda Keisuke
Published: February 2020

Microalgae have recently been gaining attention for their versatile uses and environmentally friendly benefits. Accurate characterization and classification of a large population of microalgal cells with single-cell resolution are highly valuable for their diverse applications such as water treatment, biofuel production, food, and nitrogen-fixing biofertilization. Here we demonstrate accurate classification of spherical microalgal species using recently developed frequency-division-multiplexed fluorescence imaging flow cytometry and machine learning. We obtained three-color (bright-field and two-color fluorescence) images of microalgal cells, quantified morphological features of the cells using the images, and classified six microalgae using features via a support vector machine. By virtue of the rich information content of the three-color images of microalgal cells, we classified six microalgae with a high accuracy of 99.8%. Our method can evaluate large populations of microalgal cells with single-cell resolution and hence holds promise for various applications such as environmental monitoring of the hydrosphere.
Inflammation in the lungs of mice due to methyl methacrylate exposure
Authors: Goenharto Sianiwati , Sudiana I Ketut , Salim Sherman , Rusdiana Elly , Wahjuni Sri
Published: February 2020

Aim: This study aimed to predict the potential inflammation in lungs caused by exposure to methyl methacrylate (MMA; in silico study) and assess inflammation in lungs in response to MMA inhalation in mice (in vivo study). Materials and Methods: In silico and in vivo studies were performed using 24 mice divided into a control group (0 ppm MMA) and five treatment groups, which were exposed to 150 ppm MMA for 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 min, respectively. Lung tissues were harvested and examined with a light microscope at 400×. Results: In silico studies confirmed the existence of one activation bond between MMA and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR- 4), namely, His 228, with a MolDock score of –43.677 kcal/mol. Microscopic examination of lungs confirmed that a greater number of inflammatory cells were found in the treatment group than in the control group and symptoms of inflammation were clearly observable after 120 min of exposure. Conclusion: Thus, inflammation occurring due to MMA interaction with TLR-4 receptors can be predicted in silico and exposure to 150 ppm MMA for more than 120 min can cause lung inflammation in mice.
Jornalismo transmídia e produção de sentidos para o cinema: o filme Vingadores - guerra infinita nos portais de notícias brasileiros
Authors: Bona Rafael Jose , Paula João Marcos Mainardes de
Published: February 2020

O objetivo do artigo é o de analisar a narrativa transmídia jornalística do filme Vingadores: guerra infinita (2018, Anthony e Joe Russo) nos portais de notícias brasileiros. Esta pesquisa se classifica como descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e utiliza a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram selecionados como amostra, para análise, notícias publicadas em cada um dos seguintes portais: G1, Globoplay e Omelete entre dezembro de 2017 e setembro de 2018. Como principal resultado constatou-se que os referidos portais de notícias brasileiros, cada um com suas peculiaridades, dão novos sentidos para o filme e assim, contribuem para uma narrativa transmídia.
“O Veneno da Madrugada”: análise da adaptação do livro de Gabriel García Márquez para o filme de Ruy Guerra
Authors: Cunha Clarice Bertoni
Published: February 2020

Propomos que o filme “O Veneno da Madrugada”, de 2006, escrito e dirigido pelo moçambicano Ruy Guerra, apesar de adaptado do livro homônimo de Gabriel García Márquez, lançado em 1962, possui peculiaridades que o colocam como uma nova obra. O artigo reflete sobre as adaptações de obras literárias para o cinema. E tem por objetivo analisar o livro de Márquez e a película de Guerra, observando o quanto se aproximam ou se distanciam entre si. Com destaque para a análise do personagem Alcaide.
Publicidade no meio rural: percepções de agricultores familiares do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Lermen Sabrina Tais , Foletto Rafael , Bonadeo Bruna
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo é decorrente de uma investigação sobre o acesso a informações rurais e o consumo midiático de agricultores familiares do sul do Brasil e, visa investigar especificamente a relação desses sujeitos com a publicidade de produtos rurais. O espaço da recepção é utilizado para guiar a pesquisa, que se baseia na complementaridade entre os métodos quantitativo e qualitativo, por meio do uso de questionários e entrevistas. Entre os resultados obtidos se destaca o distanciamento do conteúdo apresentado pela produção publicitária e a realidade dos interlocutores que fizeram parte da amostra da pesquisa.
A inscrição da educação como direito social no Brasil: uma história viciada
Authors: Sousa Flávio Bezerra de
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo apresenta um debate em torno da conceituação histórica de cidadania e a inscrição da educação como direito social. Tem como objetivo apreciar os elementos explicativos de inscrição desse conceito e seus desdobramentos no âmbito das políticas educacionais, especialmente sob a égide dos interesses da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). O trabalho tem como configuração conceitual a pesquisa bibliográfica e de contexto. Desta forma, buscou-se delinear apontamentos que auxiliam na compreensão de como ocorreu o estabelecimento das políticas educacionais no Brasil, e de como ela está amparada pelas conceituações em torno do direito à educação como elemento sustentador da política pública, mas que é afetada por interesses instados no cronograma da lógica de mercado.
Conceptual Analysis of Test Car Body with the Use of CAD Systems
Authors: Moczulak Bartosz , Miąskowski Wojciech , Nalepa Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

The article presents structural specifications and conceptual analysis of the test car body equipped with a hybrid power transmission system. The test car is constructed by students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Works dedicated to designing and construction of a car body aim at the increase of safety and improvement of aesthetics of the constructed vehicle with simultaneous maintenance of its operational and test functionality. The article presents a simplified analysis of the distribution of pressure around the body for several suggested concepts and selected technologies of production of the test car body. The paper presents results of computer simulations, of the pressure distribution and the remaining aspects of assessment of the car body functionality.
Impact of Selected Mechanical Properties of Sweetcorn Seed on the Level of Cutting it Off from the Cob Stem
Authors: Szymanek Mariusz , Tanaś Wojciech
Published: February 2020

Research results on the quality of work of a seed cutter for selected cultivars of sweetcorn were presented. Measurements were carried out at the rotational speed of a head of 1600 rot. min−1 and a linear velocity of the cob conveyor of 0.31 m s−1. A statistically significant relation between the degree of cutting the seed mass and the selected mechanical properties of grain were determined. Differences between cultivars at the level of approximately 43% for the force of perforation of the peri-carp Fp,
MAD Control Chart for Autoregressive Models with Skew-Normal Distribution
Authors: Gorgin Vahideh , Sadeghpour Gildeh Bahram
Published: February 2020

The major problem in analyzing control charts is to work with autocorrelated data. This problem can be solved by fitting a suitable model to the data and using the control chart for the residuals. The problem becomes very important, when the distribution of observation is nonnormal, in addition to being autocorrelated. Much recent research has focused on the development of appropriate statistical process control techniques for the autocorrelated data or nonnormal distribution, but few studies have considered monitoring the process mean of both nonnormal and autocorrelated data.
In this paper, a simulation study is conducted to compare the performances of the control chart based on the median absolute deviation method (MAD) with those of existing control charts for the skew normal distribution. Simulation results indicate considerable improvement over existing control charts for nonnormal data can be achieved when the control charts with control limits based on the MAD method are used to monitor the process mean of nonnormal autocorrelated data.
Gender differences in using humor to respond to sexist jokes
Authors: Woodzicka Julie A. , Mallett Robyn K. , Melchiori Kala J.
Published: February 2020

We examine the degree to which women and men use humor to confront sexist jokes. We also test the social benefits and perceived effectiveness of confronting with humor. One-hundred-sixty-four (46% female) participants read about a male coworker who made a sexist joke and reported how they would respond in an open-ended format. Women were more likely than men to say they would respond with humor. Specifically, 16% of women, compared to 4.5% of men, spontaneously provided a humorous confrontation. Participants then read a second scenario that asked them to imagine a male friend making a sexist joke. We manipulated the confronter’s gender and the type of confrontation (humorous versus serious) in the scenario. Confronters who used a humorous (versus serious) response were rated as more likeable but less effective. People often hesitate to confront sexism for fear of social repercussions. Given that humorous confrontation reduces social backlash, it might be worth slightly lower perceived effectiveness to increase overall rates of confronting sexism.
Capitalizing on Differences: Keys to Unlocking the Academic Achievement Gap
Authors: Byrd Marie
Published: February 2020

Closing the U.S. academic achievement gap is as complex as it is comprehensive due to the disproportion of instructional opportunities available to underserved student populations. Underserved student populations are defined as  minority and/or students of color from low-socioeconomic families and communities, English language learners and recent immigrants (Wolniak, Flores, & Kemple, 2016). Raising the academic achievement of culturally, racially and ethnically diverse students from high poverty and/or high-risk communities will require more than national and/or state policies and mandates. It necessitates a transformative view of the teacher as a change agent with the ability to alter the culture, climate and level of student achievement in a classroom. This capacity-based method extends beyond what is readily identifiable by acknowledging the variances in approaches to teaching all students through research-based best practices to capitalize on differences. The approach presented allows for the focus on student variation in an inclusive setting to enhance academic achievement.
Recht und soziale Bewegung: Wege zu einem neuen Dialog
Authors: Israël Liora
Published: February 2020

Lange war die soziale Bewegungsforschung von einer Abwesenheit des Rechts als Phänomen, und umgekehrt, die Rechtssoziologie durch eine Abwesenheit der Forschung über soziale Bewegungen gekennzeichnet. Dieser doppelten Forschungslücke hat man sich in den letzten Jahren angenähert. Forschungen haben sich etwa mit der gesellschaftlichen Bezugnahme auf und der „Verwendung“ des Rechts beschäftigt, mit dessen politischer Mobilisierung, mit dem Engagement von JuristInnen in sozialen Bewegungen, aber auch mit Rechtsentwicklungen, wie sie als Ergebnis von Kämpfen sozialer Bewegungen zustande kommen. Im Beitrag wird eine Synthese dieser verschiedenen Forschungsrichtung zum Thema Recht und kollektive Aktion vorgenommen, um von hier aus neue Wege für weitere Forschungen zu diskutieren.
Kv4.1, a Key Ion Channel For Low Frequency Firing of Dentate Granule Cells, Is Crucial for Pattern Separation
Authors: Kim Kyung-Ran , Lee Seung Yeon , Yoon Sang Ho , Kim Yoonsub , Jeong Hyeon-Ju , Lee Sanghyeon , Suh Young Ho , Kang Jong-Sun , Cho Hana , Lee Suk-Ho , Kim Myoung-Hwan , Ho Won-Kyung
Published: February 2020

The dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus may play key roles in remembering distinct episodes through pattern separation, which may be subserved by the sparse firing properties of granule cells (GCs) in the DG. Low intrinsic excitability is characteristic of mature GCs, but ion channel mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated ionic channel mechanisms for firing frequency regulation in hippocampal GCs using male and female mice, and identified Kv4.1 as a key player. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Kv4.1 was preferentially expressed in the DG, and its expression level determined by Western blot analysis was higher at 8-week than 3-week-old mice, suggesting a developmental regulation of Kv4.1 expression. With respect to firing frequency, GCs are categorized into two distinctive groups: low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) firing GCs. Input resistance (Rin) of most LF-GCs is lower than 200 MΩ, suggesting that LF-GCs are fully mature GCs. Kv4.1 channel inhibition by intracellular perfusion of Kv4.1 antibody increased firing rates and gain of the input-output relationship selectively in LF-GCs with no significant effect on resting membrane potential andRin, but had no effect in HF-GCs. Importantly, mature GCs from mice depleted of Kv4.1 transcripts in the DG showed increased firing frequency, and these mice showed an impairment in contextual discrimination task. Our findings suggest that Kv4.1 expression occurring at late stage of GC maturation is essential for low excitability of DG networks and thereby contributes to pattern separation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe sparse activity of dentate granule cells (GCs), which is essential for pattern separation, is supported by high inhibitory inputs and low intrinsic excitability of GCs. Low excitability of GCs is thought to be attributable to a high K+conductance at resting membrane potentials, but this study identifies Kv4.1, a depolarization-activated K+channel, as a key ion channel that regulates firing of GCs without affecting resting membrane potentials. Kv4.1 expression is developmentally regulated and Kv4.1 currents are detected only in mature GCs that show low-frequency firing, but not in less mature high-frequency firing GCs. Furthermore, mice depleted of Kv4.1 transcripts in the dentate gyrus show impaired pattern separation, suggesting that Kv4.1 is crucial for sparse coding and pattern separation.
Synaptic Plasticity Depends on the Fine-Scale Input Pattern in Thin Dendrites of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Magó Ádám , Weber Jens P. , Ujfalussy Balázs B. , Makara Judit K.
Published: February 2020

Coordinated long-term plasticity of nearby excitatory synaptic inputs has been proposed to shape experience-related neuronal information processing. To elucidate the induction rules leading to spatially structured forms of synaptic potentiation in dendrites, we explored plasticity of glutamate uncaging-evoked excitatory input patterns with various spatial distributions in perisomatic dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in slices from adult male rats. We show that (1) the cooperativity rules governing the induction of synaptic LTP depend on dendritic location; (2) LTP of input patterns that are subthreshold or suprathreshold to evoke local dendritic spikes (d-spikes) requires different spatial organization; and (3) input patterns evoking d-spikes can strengthen nearby, nonsynchronous synapses by local heterosynaptic plasticity crosstalk mediated by NMDAR-dependent MEK/ERK signaling. These results suggest that multiple mechanisms can trigger spatially organized synaptic plasticity on various spatial and temporal scales, enriching the ability of neurons to use synaptic clustering for information processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question in neuroscience is how neuronal feature selectivity is established via the combination of dendritic processing of synaptic input patterns with long-term synaptic plasticity. As these processes have been mostly studied separately, the relationship between the rules of integration and rules of plasticity remained elusive. Here we explore how the fine-grained spatial pattern and the form of voltage integration determine plasticity of different excitatory synaptic input patterns in perisomatic dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. We demonstrate that the plasticity rules depend highly on three factors: (1) the location of the input within the dendritic branch (proximal vs distal), (2) the strength of the input pattern (subthreshold or suprathreshold for dendritic spikes), and (3) the stimulation of neighboring synapses.
Night-time feeding of Bmal1−/− mice restores SCFA rhythms and their effect on ghrelin
Authors: Segers Anneleen , Desmet Louis , Sun Shu , Verbeke Kristin , Tack Jan , Depoortere Inge
Published: February 2020

The known crosstalk between short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the circadian clock is tightly intertwined with feeding time. We aimed to investigate the role of the core clock gene Bmal1 and feeding time in the diurnal rhythms in plasma and caecal SCFA levels and in their effect on the release of the hunger hormone ghrelin in the stomach and colon. WT, Bmal1-/- (ad libitum fed) and night-time-restricted-fed (RF)-Bmal1-/- littermates were killed at zeitgeber time (ZT) 4 and 16. SCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography. To investigate the effect of SCFAs on ghrelin release, stomach and colonic full-thickness strips were incubated with Krebs or a SCFA mix mimicking plasma or caecal concentrations, after which octanoyl ghrelin release was measured by RIA. Diurnal rhythms in caecal and plasma SCFAs oscillated in phase but rhythmic changes were abolished in Bmal1-/- mice. RF of Bmal1-/- mice restored fluctuations in caecal SCFAs. Plasma SCFA concentrations failed to affect gastric ghrelin release. The effect of caecal SCFA concentrations on colonic ghrelin release was rhythmic (inhibition at ZT 4, no effect at ZT 16). In Bmal1-/- mice, the inhibitory effect of SCFAs at ZT 4 was abolished. RF Bmal1-/- mice restored the inhibitory effect and increased colonic Clock expression. To conclude, diurnal fluctuations in caecal SCFAs and the effect of SCFAs on colonic ghrelin release are regulated by feeding time, independent of the core clock gene Bmal1. However, local entrainment of other clock genes might contribute to the observed effects.
Motivos de participación y satisfacción en la actividad física, el ejercicio físico y el deporte
Authors: Garita Azofeifa Elmer
Published: February 2020

La motivación en la actividad física es una característica psicológica multidimensional, que se ve influenciada tanto por los aspectos internos de la persona (preferencias, deseos, temores, entre otras), como por las vivencias externas de su entorno (aceptación social, amistades, habilidades, entre otras). En una época en la que en el nivel mundial, la actividad física de personas de todas las edades, está en aumento constante, es fundamental para profesionales como educadores físicos, entrenadores deportivos o instructores de ejercicio, tener presentes los principales motivos de participación de los sujetos que tienen a su cargo, con el fin de velar por elaborar planes de trabajo ideales para que se mantengan realizándolo, orientándolos a disfrutar y estar satisfechos con su intervención y así alargar su ciclo de vida activa, evitando el abandono, aspecto tan relacionado con el sedentarismo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas. Así, los niños prefieren la diversión y hacer amigos; los adolescentes la competición y las amistades; los universitarios la aventura y la diversión; los adultos obtener actividad física regular y los adultos mayores los beneficios relacionados con la salud. Las mujeres se motivan por la apariencia y aspectos sociales, mientras los hombres por la competición y el estatus. Los sujetos que hacen deporte se motivan por la competición y los que hacen ejercicio por la imagen corporal. A mayor nivel de actividad, se valora más la competición. Finalmente, la diversión, la competición, el aprender habilidades y la condición física son los motivos más importantes para participantes de actividad física norteamericanos, europeos y asiáticos. El presente trabajo se realizó con el propósito de dar a conocer a los profesionales de las ciencias del movimiento humano, las diferentes variables que determinan los motivos de participación en los distintos tipos de actividad física en sujetos con diferente edad, género, cultura y nivel de actividad.
Aprendizaje de las matemáticas por medio del movimiento: una alternativa más de la educación física
Authors: Serrano Madrigal Ariana , Azofeifa Lizano Ana , Araya Vargas Gerardo
Published: February 2020

estudiantes de preparatoria, después de aplicar actividades físico recreativas relacionadas con contenidos de matemáticas a uno de ellos y juegos recreativos al otro.  Participaron 27 sujetos (13 niñas y 14 niños), con edades entre 5 y medio y 6 y medio años. El instrumento que se utilizó fue un cuestionario sobre elementos fundamentales de las matemáticas, basados en los temarios del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica; como lo fueron, geometría, operaciones básicas con elementos concretos y conocimiento del reloj. Una vez confeccionado el instrumento se realizó un plan de actividades físico recreativas relacionadas a las matemáticas, el cual fue desarrollado durante un mes y medio con el grupo experimental (preparatoria B). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó tanto estadística descriptiva como inferencial. Se encontraron efectos significativos y positivos del programa de actividades físico recreativas sobre el rendimiento de los y las estudiantes en 10 de los 12 ítems que fueron aplicados para valorar el dominio de conceptos básicos de las matemáticas. Se puede concluir que al utilizar la educación física como un instrumento más para el aprendizaje de otras disciplinas, representa una excelente alternativa para los docentes de preescolar que buscan satisfacer las necesidades de aprendizaje de los niños y niñas que pronto irán a la escuela. El movimiento por medio de experiencias guiadas y planeada, es parte indispensable en la vida de los niños y niñas, por lo tanto, el aprendizaje de materias académicas debe adaptarse a la necesidad del niño(a) de explorar y conocer su entorno.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Bracing Systems in Soft Storey Steel Buildings
Authors: Shalaka Dhokane  , K. K. Pathak
Published: February 2020

A soft storey or a weak storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or it can be less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness of the three stories above. For the reduction of lateral deflection of a structure, a bracing system is provided. In seismic design of structure and in high rise structure, the provision of bracing system has become more effective. So this paper aims to find out the effect of bracing on soft storey of steel building. In this paper, G+9 steel frames are modeled with different type of bracing pattern and different combination of soft story using software STAAD Pro. Effect of these different bracings on soft storey is studied for different parameter like column displacement, maximum deflection, storey drift, maximum bending moment, maximum axial force and maximum shear force. From the observed result best type of bracing will be selected.
Comparative Study of Seismic Analysis of Pier Supported on Pile as per IRC:6-2017 and IRC SP:114-2018
Authors: Vivek Gajera  , V. R. Panchal  , Vishal Vadgama
Published: February 2020

This paper depicts the study of seismic analysis of reinforced concrete bridge piers as per provisions of Indian Road Congress (IRC) guidelines. Bridges are designed having two main structural elements named – “Superstructure” and “Substructure”. Superstructure consists of deck and supporting girder/truss system below deck. Substructure includes Abutments, Piers, Portals and Foundations. Amongst these, Abutments/Piers are crucial part of bridge. Therefore, as per the seismic design philosophy, it is necessary to study the seismic behaviour of bridge piers. With the advancements in technology and subsequent researches in Infrastructure fields, IRC guidelines are updated and revised time-to-time. Introduction of IRC SP:114-2018 guideline for earthquake forces in bridges is an example of such developments. In this research, seismic analysis of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) bridge pier is carried out as per provisions of prevailing guideline IRC:6-2017. Base shear value of IRC:6-2017 is compared with IRC SP:114-2018 which now supersedes seismic provisions of IRC:6-2017. For analysis, different span lengths of 25 m, 30 m and 36 m are used. To assess the impact of height of piers in earthquake analysis, various pier heights such as 10 m, 20 m and 30 m are assumed. The analysis is carried out as per Elastic Seismic Acceleration Method with consideration of different zones and importance of the bridge as per IRC guidelines. Effect of vertical ground motion is also considered in analysis. From analysis, it is observed that base shear and vertical forces have been increased remarkably as per IRC SP:114-2018 compared to IRC:6-2017.
DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN KEPITING MERAH (Scylla olivacea) DI PERAIRAN MERAUKE DAN SEKITARNYA, PAPUA
Authors: Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Alnanda Reza
Published: February 2020

Penangkapan kepiting merah (Scylla olivacea) di Merauke berlangsung sangat intensif dan dikuatirkan akan mengancam kelestariannya. Untuk itu perlu pengelolaan yang didasarkan hasil kajian ilmiah. Dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan merupakan informasi komponen penting dalam pengelolan perikanan secara efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan kepiting merah di Merauke dan sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 (dua) tahun yaitu Februari hingga Desember 2017 dan Maret hingga Desember 2018 dengan metode survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur ukuran kepiting merah diatas 99 % berukuran dibawah 145 mm dan ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (CWc) adalah 110.52 mm (2017) dan 112,5 mm (2018). Pola pertumbuhan kepiting merah bersifat allometrik negatif dengan nisbah kelamin tidak seimbang antara jantan dan betina. Laju pertumbuhan (K) adalah 0,6 per tahun dengan tingkat kematian alamiah (M) lebih kecil daripada kematian karena penangkapan (F). Tingkat pemanfaatan (E) 0,68 menjadi indikasi telah terjadi overfishing dari nilai optimum penangkapan kepiting. Upaya pelestarian sumberdaya kepiting dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi upaya penangkapan sebesar 36 % dari yang sudah dilakukan saat ini.The capture of red mud crabs (Scylla olivacea) in Merauke is very intensive and threat its sustainability. For this reason, management needs to be based on the results of scientific studies. Population dynamics and exploitation rates are information about important components in fisheries management effectively. The purpose of this study was to determine population dynamics and exploitation of red mud crabs in Merauke and its adjancent. The study was conducted for 2 (two) years, February to December 2017 and March to December 2018 with the survey method. The results showed that the structure of the size of red mud crabs above 99% was under 145 mm and the first size caught (CWc) was 110.52 mm (2017) and 112.5 mm (2018). The growth pattern of red mud crabs is allometric negatif with an unbalanced sex ratio between male and female. The growth rate (K) is 0.6 per year with a natural death rate (M) smaller than death due to arrest (F). The utilization rate (E) of 0.68 indicates an overfishing of the optimum value of crab capture. Efforts to preserve crab resources can be done by reducing fishing efforts by 36% from what has been done today.
Challenges Conveying Clinical Equipoise and Exploring Patient Treatment Preferences in an Oncology Trial Comparing Active Monitoring with Radiotherapy (ROAM/EORTC 1308)
Authors: Sherratt Frances C. , Brown Stephen L. , Haylock Brian J. , Francis Priya , Hickey Helen , Gamble Carrol , Jenkinson Michael D. , Young Bridget
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Providing balanced information that emphasizes clinical equipoise (i.e., uncertainty regarding the relative merits of trial interventions) and exploring patient treatment preferences can improve informed consent and trial recruitment. Within a trial comparing adjuvant radiotherapy versus active monitoring following surgical resection for an atypical meningioma (ROAM/EORTC-1308), we explored patterns in communication and reasons why health practitioners may find it challenging to convey equipoise and explore treatment preferences.

Materials and Methods

Qualitative study embedded within ROAM/EORTC-1308. Data were collected on 40 patients and 18 practitioners from 13 U.K. sites, including audio recordings of 39 patients’ trial consultations, 23 patient interviews, and 18 practitioner interviews. Qualitative analysis drew on argumentation theory.

Results

Practitioners acknowledged the importance of the research question that the trial aimed to answer. However, they often demonstrated a lack of equipoise in consultations, particularly with eligible patients who practitioners believed to be susceptible to side effects (e.g., cognitive impairment) or inconvenienced by radiotherapy. Practitioners elicited but rarely explored patient treatment preferences, especially if a patient expressed an initial preference for active monitoring. Concerns about coercing patients, loss of practitioner agency, and time constraints influenced communication in ways that were loaded against trial participation.

Conclusions

We identified several challenges that practitioners face in conveying equipoise and exploring patient treatment preferences in oncology, and particularly neuro-oncology, trials with distinct management pathways. The findings informed communication about ROAM/EORTC-1308 and will be relevant to enhancing trial communication in future oncology trials. Qualitative studies embedded within trials can address difficulties with communication, thus improving informed consent and recruitment. ROAM/EORTC-1308 RCT: ISRCTN71502099.
The PALBONET Trial: A Phase II Study of Palbociclib in Metastatic Grade 1 and 2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GETNE-1407)
Authors: Grande Enrique , Teulé Alex , Alonso-Gordoa Teresa , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula , Benavent Marta , Capdevila Jaume , Custodio Ana , Vera Ruth , Munarriz Javier , La Casta Adelaida , Díez Juan José , Gajate Pablo , Molina-Cerrillo Javier , Matos Ignacio , Cristóbal Eva María , Ruffinelli José C. , Palacios José , García-Carbonero Rocío
Published: February 2020

Lessons Learned

Palbociclib demonstrated no detectable activity in molecularly unselected and heavily pretreated patients with advanced grade 1/2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Predictive biomarkers that improve patient selection should be investigated in future studies of palbociclib.

Background

Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, has shown in vitro activity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) cell lines. Here we prospectively assessed the activity and safety of palbociclib in monotherapy in metastatic refractory pNETs.

Methods

This was a nonrandomized, open-label, phase II study of patients with metastatic grade (G)1/2 pNETs recruited from 10 centers in Spain. Palbociclib 125 mg was orally administered once daily for 21 of 28 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Results

Twenty-one patients were included; 52.4% were men, and median age was 57.4 years (range, 37.4–73.4). Patients had previously received a median of three prior lines of systemic therapy (range, 1–10) for advanced disease (somatostatin analogues, 71.4%; sunitinib, 81.0%; everolimus, 47.6%; chemotherapy, 47.6%). Nineteen patients were evaluated for objective response rate (ORR), with a median follow-up of 12.4 months (range, 7.53–19.33). No objective and confirmed responses were observed (0%); 11 (57.9%) patients had stable disease, and 6 of them lasted more than 6 months; 8 (42.1%) patients had disease progression as best response. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0–14.4) and median overall survival (OS) was 18.7 months (95% CI, 7.4–29.9; Fig. 1). Most frequent toxicities of any grade were asthenia (76.2%), neutropenia (42.9%), diarrhea (33.3%), and nausea (33.3%). Five (23.8%) patients developed G3–4 neutropenia and two (9.5%) patients developed G3–4 thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

Lack of activity was observed with palbociclib as a single agent in molecularly unselected and heavily pretreated patients with advanced G1/2 pNETs.
Irkutsk Story of Gold Reserves of the Russian Empire
Authors: Shalak Alexandr
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the role of Russia’s allies in the Entente in unleashing of the Civil War and in an effort to move the state’s gold reserves outside the country. Currently, many historical publications examine this problem from the standpoint of the ideology of liberalism, which is unacceptable for scientific research. The materialistic understanding of historical processes and generalization from class positions also do not allow to make meaningful progress in studying the topic, especially since there is a rich body of literature from the Soviet period. In this article, we investigated the problem of the gold reserve of the Russian Empire during the civil war using the historical and geopolitical approach. Within this methodological approach, we perceive Russia as an integral space, and consider that the protection of national state interests and insuring the country’s security is only possible when the state controls its resources. Gold has always been and remains a serious resource of world politics, so the struggle for its possession between states is always ongoing. We studied the main events that took place along the route of the echelon with gold reserves from the station Nizhneudinsk to Irkutsk, which ended with its transfer to representatives of the Soviet government and returning gold reserves first to Kazan and then to Moscow. We explored various discrepancies in the historical literature and documents related to this topic that paved the way for pseudo-scientific hypothesis. We suggested that it is necessary to study the fate of the gold reserves of USSR and the subjects of its appropriation.
The Contribution of A.E. Nadeina, Ayan Merchant of the Second Guild, to the Economic Development and Social Life of North-Eastern Siberia at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Kushnareva Margarita
Published: February 2020

There is a growing interest among scientists and general public to the historical experience of the functioning of merchant enterprises on the eastern borders of the Russian Empire. The article analyzes the contribution of A.E. Nadeina, the Ayan merchant of the Second guild, to the economic development and social life on the eastern outskirts of Siberia at the beginning of the 20-th century. The key issue of the article is interdisciplinary and it combines the knowledge of history and economics. The study used method of content analysis, which involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data sources, using mathematical modeling. The primary method is the analysis of memoirs and epistolary. The research identified main types of activity of A.E. Nadeina’s enterprise, determined economic indicators and evaluated the firm’s contribution to the economic development of coastal areas of North-Eastern Siberia by industry. The study found that the main contribution of A.E. Nadeina to the economic development of North-Eastern Siberia was the creation of transport infrastructure along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and cargo transportation between the ports of Ayan and Nelkan. The annual profit of the transport enterprise of A.E. Nadeina was 20 thousand rubles. Gold exploration and development of forest resources, organized by A.E. Nadeina, were of strategic importance to the economic development of the region. Exploration and registration of new gold reserves, sale of timber forest annually contributed more than 5 thousand rubles to local economy providing means for its diversification. Fur trade of A.E. Nadeina was organized according to the classical scheme of loan on goods. The annual turnover of the enterprise reached 100–150 thousand rubles. To boost fur trade A.E. Nadeina created business ties with large firms, established a group of fur suppliers, provided transport service for commercial operations and developed fur resources of the region. In conclusion, it is necessary to note her contribution to social life of North-Eastern Siberia. A.E. Nadeina supported local education initiatives, commissioned the construction of a new school, and organized public events for the residents of Ayan and Nelkan.