bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migrating is not enough for modern planktonic foraminifera in a changing ocean
Authors: Chaabane Sonia , de Garidel-Thoron Thibault , Meilland Julie , Sulpis Olivier , Chalk Thomas B. , Brummer Geert-Jan A. , Mortyn P. Graham , Giraud Xavier , Howa Hélène , Casajus Nicolas , Kuroyanagi Azumi , Beaugrand Gregory , Schiebel Ralf
Published: November 2024

Rising carbon dioxide emissions are provoking ocean warming and acidification1,2, altering plankton habitats and threatening calcifying organisms3, such as the planktonic foraminifera (PF). Whether the PF can cope with these unprecedented rates of environmental change, through lateral migrations and vertical displacements, is unresolved. Here we show, using data collected over the course of a century as FORCIS4 global census counts, that the PF are displaying evident poleward migratory behaviours, increasing their diversity at mid- to high latitudes and, for some species, descending in the water column. Overall foraminiferal abundances have decreased by 24.2 ± 0.1% over the past eight decades. Beyond lateral migrations5, our study has uncovered intricate vertical migration patterns among foraminiferal species, presenting a nuanced understanding of their adaptive strategies. In the temperature and calcite saturation states projected for 2050 and 2100, low-latitude foraminiferal species will face physicochemical environments that surpass their current ecological tolerances. These species may replace higher-latitude species through poleward shifts, which would reduce low-latitude foraminiferal diversity. Our insights into the adaptation of foraminifera during the Anthropocene suggest that migration will not be enough to ensure survival. This underscores the urgent need for us to understand how the interplay of climate change, ocean acidification and other stressors will impact the survivability of large parts of the marine realm.
Directed evolution of engineered virus-like particles with improved production and transduction efficiencies
Authors: Raguram Aditya , An Meirui , Chen Paul Z. , Liu David R.
Published: November 2024

Engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) are promising vehicles for transient delivery of proteins and RNAs, including gene editing agents. We report a system for the laboratory evolution of eVLPs that enables the discovery of eVLP variants with improved properties. The system uses barcoded guide RNAs loaded within DNA-free eVLP-packaged cargos to uniquely label each eVLP variant in a library, enabling the identification of desired variants following selections for desired properties. We applied this system to mutate and select eVLP capsids with improved eVLP production properties or transduction efficiencies in human cells. By combining beneficial capsid mutations, we developed fifth-generation (v5) eVLPs, which exhibit a 2–4-fold increase in cultured mammalian cell delivery potency compared to previous-best v4 eVLPs. Analyses of v5 eVLPs suggest that these capsid mutations optimize packaging and delivery of desired ribonucleoprotein cargos rather than native viral genomes and substantially alter eVLP capsid structure. These findings suggest the potential of barcoded eVLP evolution to support the development of improved eVLPs.
RF sensing enabled tracking of human facial expressions using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Hameed Hira , Elsayed Mostafa , Kaur Jaspreet , Usman Muhammad , Tang Chong , Ghadban Nour , Kernec Julien Le , Hussain Amir , Imran Muhammad , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: November 2024

Automatic analysis of facial expressions has emerged as a prominent research area in the past decade. Facial expressions serve as crucial indicators for understanding human behavior, enabling the identification and assessment of positive and negative emotions. Moreover, facial expressions provide insights into various aspects of mental activities, social connections, and physiological information. Currently, most facial expression detection systems rely on cameras and wearable devices. However, these methods have drawbacks, including privacy concerns, issues with poor lighting and line of sight blockage, difficulties in training with longer video sequences, computational complexities, and disruptions to daily routines. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel and privacy-preserving human behavior recognition system that utilizes Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar combined with Machine Learning (ML) techniques for classifying facial expressions. Specifically, the study focuses on five common facial expressions: Happy, Sad, Fear, Surprise, and Neutral. The recorded data is obtained in the form of a Micro-Doppler signal, and state-of-the-art ML models such as Super Learner, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Long Short-Term Memory, and Logistic Regression are employed to extract relevant features. These extracted features from the radar data are then fed into ML models for classification. The results show a highly promising classification accuracy of 91%. The future applications of the proposed work will lead to advancements in technology, healthcare, security, and communication, thereby improving overall human well-being and societal functioning.
Ultra-miniaturized HMSIW cavity-backed reconfigurable antenna diplexer employing dielectric fluids with wide frequency tuning range
Authors: Barik Rusan Kumar , Koziel Slawomir
Published: November 2024

This communication presents an ultra-miniaturized two-way frequency tunable antenna diplexer based on cavity-backed slots and dielectric fluids. The proposed antenna utilizes two half-mode substrate-integrated rectangular cavities loaded with slots and fluidic pockets. The conventional size reduction is achieved by employing half-mode cavities, whereas ultra-miniaturization is obtained by applying the slots, which provides additional capacitive loading. As the cavities are of unequal sizes, a weak cross-coupling path is created between the ports to obtain high isolation (> 30 dB). The isolation is further enhanced by loading the slots. Two mechanisms are analyzed to tune the frequency bands individually or simultaneously. Firstly, the width of the slots can be altered to tune the frequency bands. However, this method involves modification of the physical dimensions of the antenna. Secondly, fluidic vias are created on the bottom plane of the cavities. These can be filled with various dielectric liquids to achieve frequency reconfigurability without altering the physical dimensions of the antenna. To demonstrate the concepts considered, the prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and experimentally validated. The structure has a footprint of 0.045λg2 and an isolation exceeding 33.4 dB. The operating frequencies are tunable in the range from 3.08 to 3.84 GHz (lower band) and from 4.97 to 6.33 GHz (upper band) by varying the dimensions of the slots whereas the operating frequencies are reconfigurable in the range from 2.74 to 3.38 GHz (lower band) and from 4.54 to 5.58 GHz (upper band), by employing microfluidic approach. As a result, the working frequencies may be varied in the range from 2.74 to 3.84 GHz (lower band) and from 4.54 to 6.33 GHz (upper band), making this antenna diplexer a competitive candidate for several communication systems. The cross-polarization levels, front-to-back ratio, and realized gain are greater than 19 dB, 18 dB, and 2. dBi, respectively. Excellent consistency is observed between full-wave simulation results and the measurement data.
Green one-step pyrolytic synthesis of folic acid-derived carbon dots for sensitive turn-on fluorescence detection of cysteine
Authors: Huang Jie , Xu Ruicheng , Yang Qiaoting , Tao Kang , Shan Dan
Published: November 2024

Schematic illustration of green one-step pyrolytic synthesis of FACDs and their application for turn-on fluorescence Cys detection.
Can conformational flexibility influence the self-assembly behavior and sensing efficacy of fluorogenic amphiphiles? A case study with bisbenzimidazole-based probes
Authors: Pise Suraj , Ahmad Imran , Dey Nilanjan
Published: November 2024

Two bisbenzimidazole-based fluorescent probes with different conformational flexibility, for metal ion sensing in an aqueous medium.
Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs): a review of current challenges and future applications
Authors: Naseem Muhammad Bilal , Lee Junho , In Su-Il
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive analysis of RTG advancements, highlighting novel thermoelectric materials and alternative isotopes for future applications.
Unraveling the reversible redox mechanism of Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Lee Eunbyoul , Kim Heejun , Choi Hamin , Kim Se Young , Chung Kyung Yoon
Published: November 2024

The distinctive reversible redox mechanism of Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte is revealed in the composite cathodes for practical all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs).
The effects of fluorinated metal–organic frameworks as additives in polymer-based electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: He Liang , Di Zexi , Li Jiaxing , Wang Sijia , Kong Wei , Li Ruiqi , Proskurin Arkadii , Lv Changzhu , Wei Tao
Published: November 2024

UIO-66-F4(Zr) was employed as a filler in solid-state electrolytes. Thanks to fluorinated groups, the interaction between the MOF and polymer was improved, which not only stabilizes the SEI layer but also improves the ionic conductivity of the SCEs.
Spatially confined FeF3 cathodes in N-doped carbon nanotubes for lithium storage
Authors: Li Jun , Li Xifei , Li Mengyao , Jiang Qinting , Liu Junqian , Duan Ruixian , Cao Guiqiang , Wang Jingjing , Li Wenbin
Published: November 2024

The FeF3@N-CNTs composite as a cathode enhances conversion reaction kinetics and structural stability, achieving long-term cycling durability.
Sulfinfinitenes: infinitenes of fused thiophene rings
Authors: Karadakov Peter B. , Cummings Edward
Published: November 2024

DFT calculations show that [16]sulfinfinitene, an “infinitene” assembled from two [8]sulflowers, can be considered as a promising synthetic target.
Stabilization of fast lithium-ionic conduction phase of nanaoconfined LiBH4 for lithium metal solid-state batteries
Authors: Zeng Shunqin , Ren Kaixiang , Ding Hongfei , Xu Shendong , Li Hai-Wen , Li Yongtao
Published: November 2024

The structural phase transition of LiBH4 can be retained by nanoconfinement to achieve a near-room-temperature fast ion conductor.
Amorphous Fe–O–P electro(pre)catalysts for energy-efficient H2 production coupled with ethylene glycol oxidation
Authors: Yuan Feifei , Chen Xiaoli , Yang Wenhui , Wu Wanting , Zheng Manjie , Xu Jun , Yu Nan , Chen Liyong
Published: November 2024

This study presents the synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of amorphous Fe–O–P nanocages derived from Fe-MOFs for water and ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation.
Intermolecular non-covalent interactions in the organic perrhenates crystal structures: from theory to practice
Authors: Novikov Anton P. , Sitanskaia Anastasiia V. , Volkov Mikhail A. , Nevolin Iurii M. , Grigoriev Mikhail S.
Published: November 2024

This manuscript reports the X-ray, MALDI and TG characterization of perrhenates. A dependence of the presence of Re–O⋯Re interactions and phase transitions in the crystal is assumed.
Intrinsically chiral paddlewheel diruthenium complexes
Authors: Coloma Isabel , Herrero Santiago , Cortijo Miguel
Published: November 2024

This work presents an axially chiral platform based on ruthenium units, evaluates the crystal structures, configurational stability and electronic structure tunability, and proposes a general nomenclature system for binuclear paddlewheel complexes.
Elucidating the molecular mechanism of noncompetitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by an antidiabetic drug chlorpropamide: identification of new allosteric sites
Authors: Das Abhinandan , Sinha Krishnendu , Chakrabarty Suman
Published: November 2024

A new allosteric site has been identified in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a potential drug target. Binding of inhibitors modulates the conformational ensemble at the catalytic site.
Significant reduction of lattice thermal conductivity observed in CuInTe2–CuAlTe2 solid-solution alloys
Authors: Seon Seungchan , Kim BeomSoo , Park Okmin , Cho Hyungyu , Kim Sang-il
Published: November 2024

The electrical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of CuInTe2–CuAlTe2 solid solutions were investigated. The power factors decreased due to reduced carrier mobility, while lattice thermal conductivity dropped significantly.
Size effects in chemistry & physics of atomic & molecular clusters, nanoparticles & nanostructures
Authors: Fielicke André , Lang Sandra M. , Bernhardt Thorsten M.
Published: November 2024

This themed collection includes a collection of articles on size effects in chemistry and physics for atomic and molecular clusters, nanoparticles and nanostructures.
Amidinato silylene-based inorganic aromatic rings
Authors: Kushvaha Saroj Kumar , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: November 2024

Aromaticity is a key concept that applies to organic as well as inorganic chemistry and it finds a huge role in chemical reactivity and stability. Herein, we present a series of aromatic rings prepared from amidinato silylene.
Rim-brominated pillarplexes and their assembly via self-sorting
Authors: Zuber Julian , Pickl Thomas , Heidecker Alexandra A. , Baron Marco , Jandl Christian , Pöthig Alexander
Published: November 2024

We report late-stage bromination of our macrocyclic ligand precursor and the formation of the respective brominated pillarplexes. Competitive assembly studies show that the brominated Ag(i) pillarplex forms preferably via narcissistic self-sorting.
High triboelectrification and charge collection efficiency of a direct current triboelectric nanogenerator achieved by a tri-synergistic enhancement strategy
Authors: Xu Shuyan , Wang Jian , Shan Chuncai , Li Kaixian , Wu Huiyuan , Li Gui , Fu Shaoke , Zhao Qionghua , Xi Yi , Hu Chenguo
Published: November 2024

This work proposes a ternary dual-DC triboelectric nanogenerator (TDD-TENG) with a triple synergy enhancement strategy to improve the charge collection ability and triboelectrification efficiency.
DIPEA-induced Si–H activation of siloxane for hydrosilylation polymerization via metal-free photocatalysis
Authors: Xie Hangcen , Xu Rui , Huang Bin , Lou Pingping , Fei Hua-Feng , Zhang Zhijie
Published: November 2024

A visible light-driven metal-free hydrosilylation reaction catalyzed by the photooxidation catalyst 3DPAFIPN and the base DIPEA was reported. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction is a free radical reaction and thermodynamically feasible.
Arylselanyl motifs in hierarchically structured mesoporous phenolic polymers: efficient adsorption sites for Hg2+ ions
Authors: Selladurai Vishnu , Karuthapandi Selvakumar
Published: November 2024

Strategic installation of arylselanyl motifs and modulation of porous hierarchy of phenolic polymers provide high-performance materials for practical applications.
A ring-fluorinated heptamethine cyanine dye: synthesis, photophysical properties, and vapochromic properties in response to ammonia
Authors: Ajioka Shouhei , Hagiyama Yuto , Uehashi Yuki , Agou Tomohiro , Kubota Yasuhiro , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Funabiki Kazumasa
Published: November 2024

A ring-fluorinated heptamethine cyanine dye was synthesised. The fluorine atoms on the aromatic ring of the dye not only improved the photostability but also showed vapochromism to low nucleophilic ammonia.
Advances in detecting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using molecular receptors and nanostructured assemblies
Authors: Das Avijit Kumar
Published: November 2024

The detection and quantification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are crucial due to their widespread use and potential impact on human health and the environment.
Pioneering non-thermal plasma as a defect passivator: a new Frontier in ambient metal halide perovskite synthesis
Authors: Mahiny Milad , Lotfi Hossein , Beigmohammadi Maryam , Pooriraj Mehdi , Heydari Maryam , Shirzad Alireza , Mahfouzi Hamidreza , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid Bin , Movla Hossein
Published: November 2024

Non-thermal plasma provides a new realm, facilitating the synthesis and defect passivation of perovskite nanoparticles.
Rapid mechanochemical synthesis and properties in Pb–Bi–S system
Authors: Baláž Peter , Dutková Erika , Daneu Nina , Hegedüs Michal , Baláž Matej , Guilmeau Emmanuel , Džunda Róbert , Bali-Hudáková Mária , Garbárová Veronika , Jiang Jianzhong , Achimovičová Marcela
Published: November 2024

Possibility to transform PbS in reaction with Bi and S to Pb6Bi2S9 is discovered. Transformation benefits from rapid synthesis performed in a high-energy planetary mill. Synthesis can be promising for the preparation of new thermoelectrics.
Enhanced field emission performance of gold nanoparticle decorated Bi2S3 nanoflowers
Authors: Gote Gorkshnath H. , Deshpande Madhura P. , Bhopale Somnath R. , More Mahendra A. , Monteiro Lobato Raphael Longuinhos , Ribeiro-Soares Jenaina , Late Dattatray J.
Published: November 2024

Gold nanoparticles are decorated on Bi2S3 nanorods to improve field electron emission performance, lowering the turn-on field and increasing the emission current density.
Electrochemical nitrate reduction to NH3 by faceted Cu2O nanostructures in acidic medium
Authors: Mandal Pranay Chandra , Sherpa Ningma Dorzi , Barma Hiranmay , Adhikary Buban , Roy Nitish
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical NO3RR by the faceted Cu2O NCs in acidic medium for the production of NH3.
Hierarchical ZnCoS@CoFe-layered double hydroxide on Ni foam to enhance the OER performance for water splitting
Authors: Li Tianyun , Chen Zhongxiao , Dong Chunping , Wang Dan , Wang Wenchang , Shan Xueling , Chen Zhidong
Published: November 2024

This describes the synthesis process and performance of ZnCoS@CoFe-LDH/NF.
Correction: Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations shed light on the timescale of furylfulgide photocyclisation
Authors: Kochman Michał Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations shed light on the timescale of furylfulgide photocyclisation’ by Michał Andrzej Kochman, New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 14327–14335, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NJ04752K.
Blue CdSe/CdS core/crown nanoplatelet light-emitting diodes obtained via a design-of-experiments approach
Authors: Cirignano Matilde , Roshan Hossein , Farinini Emanuele , Di Giacomo Alessio , Fiorito Sergio , Piccinotti Davide , Khabbazabkenar Sirous , Di Stasio Francesco , Moreels Iwan
Published: November 2024

The emissive material, consisting of blue-emitting CdSe colloidal nanoplatelets, and the organic charge injection layers were optimized using design of experiments, to produce a solution-processed blue light-emitting diode.
Extended tetrathiafulvalene with a pentaleno[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difluorene core – a donor–acceptor multi-redox system
Authors: Granhøj Jeppe , Pedersen Viktor Bliksted Roug , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: November 2024

An extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) incorporating the linear acene pentaleno[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difluorene was prepared and studied for its optical and redox properties. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed multi-redox behavior of the system.
In situ construction of donor–acceptor structured g-C3N4 nanotubes incorporated with pyridine heterocyclic rings for efficient photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Zhang Bo , Luo Wenjing , Pan Luye , Tian Chenhuan , Sun Peipei , Yan Pengcheng , Zhu Xianglin , Wang Haibo , Mo Zhao , Xu Hui
Published: November 2024

Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials, as an emerging class of metal-free photocatalysts, have demonstrated significant potential in the field of solar energy conversion, particularly in areas of water splitting.
Enhancement of the dynamic luminescence and self-recovery performance of Zn2+ co-doped Sr3Ga4O9:Sm3+
Authors: Li Jingjing , Long Zhangwen , Jiang Xiaqing , Yang Junyi , Zhou Dacheng , Yang Yong , Wang Qi , Wu Hao , Qiu Jianbei
Published: November 2024

A schematic diagram of the “8888” shaped anti-counterfeiting model, which is composed of SGO:Sm and SGO:Sm,Zn, respectively.
A catalytic atroposelective Friedel–Crafts alkylation to access axially chiral C2-arylindoles via dynamic kinetic resolutions
Authors: Deng Jiang , Li Wei , Zhou Chenhao , Li Zhiming , Zhou Haibo , Yan Junyuan , Wang Zhouyu , Qian Shan , He Xiao-Long
Published: November 2024

An amine-catalyzed atroposelective FC alkylation of 2-arylindoles with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes via the DKR process has been developed. Various axially chiral 2-arylindoles were obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities.
Mechanistic insights into rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation and annulation using vinyl acetate to access cinnolines and cinnolin-4(1H)-ones
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Zeng Yiling , Tian Ya-Nan , Liu Zheng , Wang Jinhua , Chen Shuyou , Li Shiqing
Published: November 2024

Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and annulation of N-aryl cyclic hydrazides with vinyl acetate to build cinnolines and cinnolin-4(1H)-ones have been reported.
Transition-metal-free approaches to access N-heterocycles and valuable intermediates from aryldiazonium salts
Authors: Ramanathan Mani , Moussa Ziad
Published: November 2024

Development of novel and efficient synthetic methods to achieve valuable N-heterocycles from aryldiazonium salts has been an important research area in organic chemistry for several decades.
Single step eco-efficient mild chemical process for the total valorisation of rice husk: a focus on the inorganics as a cement additive
Authors: Conterosito Eleonora , Paul Geo , Toson Valentina , Gianotti Valentina , Milanesio Marco , Gastaldi Daniela , Boccaleri Enrico
Published: November 2024

Rice production generates 25 wt% of rice husk as a waste, whose valorisation is challenging due to its high silica content. A mild chemical process separates it in three fractions, and the inorganic one can improve cementitious materials.
An efficient all-visible light-activated photoswitch based on diarylethenes and CdS quantum dots
Authors: Chen Kezhou , Liu Jiayi , Andréasson Joakim , Albinsson Bo , Liu Tiegen , Hou Lili
Published: November 2024

A novel photoswitchable system was developed by combining carboxylated diarylethenes (DAE 1) and CdS quantum dots (QDs), enabling all-visible light reversible interconversion of open and closed forms of DAE 1 in both aerated solution and solid-state.
Tribocharged granular assembly of polystyrene beads confined between plates using acoustic vibrations
Authors: Jiménez-Díaz Arely G. , Jimidar Ignaas S. M. , Donado-Pérez Fernando
Published: November 2024

We report the transition from an amorphous to a crystalline state in a 2D system of polystyrene beads between fixed and mobile plates vertical vibration, finding that top plate motion promotes crystallisation, stabilized by triboelectric charging.
Synergistic enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in ZnIn2S4/CuWO4via an S-scheme heterojunction and the photothermal effect
Authors: Zhang Dafeng , Zhang Dong , Zhao Fuping , Zhao Yutong , Li Hengshuai , Liu Junchang , Ji Xue-Yang , Pu Xipeng , Zhang Huayang
Published: November 2024

ZnIn2S4 and CuWO4 form an S-scheme heterojunction, effectively separating photo-generated carriers. The photothermal effect further enhances the reaction rate, achieving efficient hydrogen evolution.
Ligand-protected and lowered-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of platinum encapsulated in TON zeolite for shape-selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol
Authors: Wang Xuelin , Wang Congxin , Bi Wentao , Qu Wei , Tian Zhijian
Published: November 2024

ZSM-22 encapsulating Pt (Pt@ZSM-22) is obtained by adopting a ligand-protected and lowered-temperature hydrothermal synthesis, followed by direct H2 reduction. The Pt@ZSM-22 exhibits high furfuryl alcohol selectivity in furfural hydrogenation.
Correction: Achieving dynamic stability of single-crystal low-Co Ni-rich cathode material for high performance lithium batteries
Authors: Saleem Adil , Shaw Leon L. , Butt Mehwish Khalid , Rehman Javed , Hussain Arshad , Hussain Zawar , Iqbal Rashid , Majeed Muhammad Kashif
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Achieving dynamic stability of single-crystal low-Co Ni-rich cathode material for high performance lithium batteries’ by Adil Saleem et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 30831–30841, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA04698F.
Salicylidene-based dual-responsive ‘turn on’ fluorometric chemosensors for the selective detection of Zn2+, Al3+ and F− ions: theoretical investigation and applications in the live cell imaging of zebrafish larvae and molecular logic gate operation
Authors: Ahmed Abbas Khaja Raees , Gajendhiran Ramalingam , Mithra Sivaraj , Majeed Seepoo Abdul , Hameed Azeez Sait Sahul , Paulpandiyan Rajakkani , Maniyammai Subbaiah , Senthil Andavan Gurusamy Thangavelu , NizamMohideen MohamedHanifa , Rahiman Aziz Kalilur
Published: November 2024

Four salicylidene-based ‘turn on’ fluorometric sensors for the detection of Zn2+, Al3+ and F− ions are reported. The bioimaging of chemosensors with the Zn2+ exhibited blue and green fluorescence from the anterior region of zebrafish larvae.
Superconductivity above 30 K due to the introduction of oxygen in CaFeAsF
Authors: Liu Yixin , Wang Teng , Xu Zulei , Jiang Da , Zhao Yi , Qi Yanpeng , Wang Xiaoni , Yang Ming , Ye Mao , Peng Wei , Mu Gang
Published: November 2024

Superconductivity with an onset Tc up to 30.7 K is uncovered in air-annealed CaFeAsF. The occurrence of superconductivity is most likely caused by the doping effect of the O element at the F positions during the annealing process.
Multimodal anti-counterfeiting inks: modern use of an ancient pigment in synergy with a persistent phosphor
Authors: Armetta Francesco , Bianco Alessandro Lo , Boiko Vitalii , Hreniak Dariusz , Saladino Maria Luisa
Published: November 2024

Multi-level luminescent, transparent and non-permanent inks for anti-counterfeiting systems and security were developed.
Assessment of a Hearing Aid Training Program for Health Care Workers
Authors: Merrifield Marissa , Doherty Karen A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate an in-person hearing aid training program designed for health care workers and personal care aides (PCAs) who care for older adults.

Method:

Participants were 18 health care workers and PCAs whose clients were older adults. This was a randomized controlled study in which half of the participants were assigned to the experimental group (
n
= 9) and the other half to a control group (
n
= 9). The experimental group was administered a hearing aid training program that was developed in this study for health care workers and PCAs. Participants in the control group were trained on a task similar in complexity and administration time to the hearing aid training program. The Practical Hearing Aid Skills Test–Revised Version 2 (PHAST-Rv2) was administered before and immediately after training. A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the pre- and post-training scores between and within the experimental and control groups. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the differences between pre- and post-training scores on each of the administered PHAST-Rv2 tasks. In addition, participants were asked about their experience helping clients with their hearing aids.

Results:

Mean pre- and post-training PHAST-Rv2 scores for the experimental group were 59.50% and 95.84%, respectively, and 57.66% and 59.96%, respectively, for the control group. Results from a 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA with time point (pre- and post-training) as the within-subject variable and group (experimental and control) as the between-subject variable demonstrated that hearing aid training significantly improved PHAST-Rv2 scores for the experimental group. Post-training, the tasks that the experimental group improved on the most were brushing the microphone port, cleaning the dome, placing the hearing aids in the charger, and inserting the hearing aid into the model ear. No demographic variables were significantly correlated with the participants' improvement on the PHAST-Rv2 post-training score.

Conclusion:

A hearing aid training program designed specifically for health care workers was shown to be an efficient and effective way to improve how well health care workers can care for and operate a hearing aid.
Watch Out! It Is Not Delirium—It Is Wernicke's Aphasia!
Authors: Chandregowda Adithya , Axelson Emily J. , Clark Heather M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This case report aims to raise awareness among health care professionals and students that acute onset Wernicke's aphasia could be misinterpreted as delirium. In such a context, a patient's psychological/emotional reactions (e.g., agitation, anger) to aphasia associated communication breakdowns can be mismanaged as primary psychiatric concerns.

Conclusion:

Preliminary suggestions for relevant clinical practice are offered.
A non‐isolated modified ultra high step‐up quadratic boost converter with classical voltage doubler circuit
Authors: Al Mahbub Emon Abdullah , Tabassum Mahzabin , Subhani Nafis , Bingi Kishore
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a modified ultra‐high gain DC–DC boost converter. The proposed converter has improved the performance of the conventional converter by reducing the total number of components (1 Capacitor and 1 Inductor) in the design structure. In addition, the continuous input current and high voltage gain features are retained in the proposed structure. The steady‐state modelling including the operating principles and the stress calculation along with the cost analysis of the components have been illustrated. The comparative performance analysis has been carried out to clarify the competitiveness of the proposed converter against the recent models. The proposed model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink software and further, a 100 W laboratory prototype has been built to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter. The peak efficiency received was 90.5% while delivering 100 W power from the source. The results from the experiments have aligned well with the outcomes of the simulation and verify the correctness of the proposed converter.
BASS
Authors: Gupta Kriti K. , Ricci Claudio , Temple Matthew J. , Tortosa Alessia , Koss Michael J. , Assef Roberto J. , Bauer Franz E. , Mushotzy Richard , Ricci Federica , Ueda Yoshihiro , Rojas Alejandra F. , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Chang Chin-Shin , Oh Kyuseok , Li Ruancun , Kawamuro Taiki , Diaz Yaherlyn , Powell Meredith C. , Stern Daniel , Megan Urry C. , Harrison Fiona , Cenko Brad
Published: November 2024

We present one of the largest multiwavelength studies of simultaneous optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of unobscured (NH < 1022 cm−2) active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the local Universe. Using a representative sample of hard-X-ray-selected AGN from the 70-month Swift/BAT catalog, with optical/UV photometric data from Swift/UVOT and X-ray spectral data from Swift/XRT, we constructed broadband SEDs of 236 nearby AGN (0.001 < z < 0.3). We employed GALFIT to estimate host galaxy contamination in the optical/UV and determine the intrinsic AGN fluxes. We used an absorbed power law with a reflection component to model the X-ray spectra and a dust-reddened multi-temperature blackbody to fit the optical/UV SED. We calculated intrinsic luminosities at multiple wavelengths, total bolometric luminosities (Lbol), optical-to-X-ray spectral indices (αox), and multiple bolometric corrections (κλ) in the optical, UV, and X-rays. We used black hole masses obtained by reverberation mapping and the virial method to estimate Eddington ratios (λEdd) for all our AGN. We confirm the tight correlation (scatter = 0.45 dex) between UV (2500 Å) and X-ray (2 keV) luminosity for our sample. We observe a significant decrease in αox with Lbol and λEdd, suggesting that brighter sources emit more UV photons per X-rays. We report a second-order regression relation (scatter = 0.15 dex) between the 2–10 keV bolometric correction (κ2 − 10) and αox, which is useful to compute Lbol in the absence of multiband SEDs. We also investigate the dependence of optical/UV bolometric corrections on the physical properties of AGN and obtain a significant increase in the UV bolometric corrections (κW2 and κM2) with Lbol and λEdd, unlike those in the optical (κV and κB), which are constant across five orders of Lbol and λEdd. We obtain significant dispersions (∼0.1–1 dex) in all bolometric corrections, and hence recommend using appropriate relations with observed quantities while including the reported scatter, instead of their median values.
The physical properties of cluster chains
Authors: Posch Laura , Alves João , Miret-Roig Núria , Ratzenböck Sebastian , Großschedl Josefa , Meingast Stefan , Swiggum Cameren , Konietzka Ralf
Published: November 2024

We explore the kinematics and star formation history of the Scorpius Centaurus (Sco-Cen) OB association following the initial identification of sequential, linearly aligned chains of clusters. Building upon our characterization of the Corona Australis (CrA) chain, we now analyze two additional major cluster chains that exhibit similar characteristics: the Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC) and Upper Scorpius (Upper Sco) chains. All three cluster chains display distinct sequential patterns in (1) the 3D spatial distribution, (2) age, (3) velocity, and (4) mass. The Upper-Sco chain is the most massive and complex cluster chain, possibly consisting of two or more overlapping subchains. We discuss the possible formation of cluster chains and argue for a scenario where feedback from the most massive star formation episode 15 Myr ago initiated the formation of these spatio-temporal cluster sequences. Our results identify cluster chains as a distinct type of stellar structure with well-defined physical properties, formed in environments capable of sustaining stellar feedback over timescales of 5–10 Myr. We find that around 40% of the stellar population in Sco-Cen formed due to triggered star formation, with 35% forming along the three cluster chains. We conclude that cluster chains could be common structures in OB associations, particularly in regions that have similar natal environments as Sco-Cen. Beyond their significance for star formation and stellar feedback, they appear to be promising laboratories for chemical enrichment and the transport of elements from one generation to the next in the same star-forming region.
Uncovering the structure and kinematics of the ionized core of M 2-9 with ALMA
Authors: Sánchez Contreras C. , Tafoya D. , Fonfría J. P. , Alcolea J. , Castro-Carrizo A. , Bujarrabal V.
Published: November 2024

We present interferometric observations at 1 and 3 mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) of the free-free continuum and millimeter(mm)-wavelength recombination line (mRRL) emission of the ionized core (within ≲130 au) of the young planetary nebula (PN) candidate M 2-9. These inner regions are concealed in the vast majority of similar objects. A spectral index for the mm-to-centimeter(cm) continuum of ~0.9 indicates predominantly free-free emission from an ionized wind, with a minor contribution from warm dust. The mm continuum emission in M 2-9 reveals an elongated structure along the main symmetry axis of the large-scale bipolar nebula with a C-shaped curvature surrounded by a broad-waisted component. This structure is consistent with an ionized, bent jet and a perpendicular compact dusty disk. The presence of a compact equatorial disk (of radius ~50 au) is also supported by redshifted CO and 13CO absorption profiles observed from the base of the receding northern lobe against the compact background continuum. The redshift observed in the CO absorption profiles likely signifies gas infall movements from the disk toward a central source. The mRRLs exhibit velocity gradients along the axis, implying systematic expansion in the C-shaped bipolar outflow. The highest expansion velocities (~80 km s−1) are found in two diagonally opposed compact regions along the axis, referred to as the high-velocity spots or shells (HVSs), indicating either rapid wind acceleration or shocks at radial distances of ~0.″02–0.″04 (~ 15–25 au) from the center. A subtle velocity gradient perpendicular to the lobes is also found, suggesting rotation. Our ALMA observations detect increased brightness and broadness in the mRRLs compared to previously observed profiles, implying variations in wind kinematics and physical conditions on timescales of less than two years, which is in agreement with the extremely short kinematic ages (≲0.5–1 yr) derived from observed velocity gradients in the compact ionized wind. Radiative transfer modeling indicates an average electron temperature of ~15 000 K and reveals a nonuniform density structure within the ionized wind, with electron densities ranging from ne≈106 to 108 cm−3. These results potentially reflect a complex bipolar structure resulting from the interaction of a tenuous companion-launched jet and the dense wind of the primary star.
Effects of ultrafast outflows on X-ray time lags in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Xu Yerong , Pinto Ciro , Kara Erin , Bianchi Stefano , Alston William , Tombesi Francesco
Published: November 2024

Context. The time lag between soft (e.g., 0.3–1 keV) and hard (e.g., 1–4 keV) X-ray photons has been observed in many active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and can reveal the accretion process and geometry around supermassive black holes. High-frequency Fe K and soft lags are considered to originate from the light-travel distances between the corona and the accretion disk, while the propagation of the inward mass accretion fluctuation usually explains the low-frequency hard lags. Ultrafast outflows (UFOs) with a velocity range of ∼0.03 to 0.3c have also been discovered in numerous AGNs and are believed to be launched from the inner accretion disk. However, it remains unclear whether UFOs can affect the X-ray time lags.

Aims. As a pilot work, we aim to investigate the potential influence of UFOs on X-ray time lags of AGNs in a small sample.

Methods. By performing the UFO-resolved Fourier spectral timing analysis of archival XMM-Newton observations of three AGNs with transient UFOs – PG 1448+273, IRAS 13224-3809, and PG 1211+143 – we compare the X-ray timing products, such as lag-frequency and lag-energy spectra, of observations with and without UFO obscuration.

Results. Our results find that in each AGN, low-frequency hard lags become weak or even disappear when they are accompanied by UFOs. This change is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations at a confidence level of at least 2.7σ. In the high-frequency domain, soft lags remain unchanged, while the Fe K reverberation lags tentatively disappear. The comparison between timing products of low- and high-flux observations on another three AGNs without UFOs (Ark 564, NGC 7469, and Mrk 335) suggests that the disappearance of low-frequency hard lags is likely related to the emergence of UFOs, not necessarily related to the source flux.

Conclusions. The presence of UFOs can affect X-ray time lags of AGNs by suppressing the low-frequency hard lags, which can be explained by an additional time delay introduced by UFOs or disk accretion energy, which should transferred to heat the corona, carried away by UFOs.
Short-term anticorrelations between in situ averaged charge states of Fe and O in the solar wind
Authors: Gu Chaoran , Heidrich-Meisner Verena , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F.
Published: November 2024

Context. Observations of the Fe and O charge states in the solar wind and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) generally exhibit a positive correlation between the average charge states of Fe and O (avQFe and avQO). Because Fe and O charge states freeze at different heights in the corona, this positive correlation indicates that conditions at different heights in the corona vary as a whole.

Aims. We identify short time periods in the solar wind that exhibit anticorrelations between the average Fe and O charge states and investigate their properties. We aim to distinguish whether these anticorrelations are due to the related solar sources or to transport effects (e.g., differential streaming). We study kinetic properties of the solar wind related to these anticorrelated structures as well as heavy ion differential streaming in order to infer a possible relationship between conditions in coronal source regions and the reported in situ measurements.

Methods. We employed a recently developed sliding-window cross-correlation method to locate anticorrelated structures in the solar wind composition measurements between 2001 and 2010 from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). To account for fluctuations and measurement uncertainties, we varied the timescales and temporal lags. We determined the onset and end times of the gradual increases or decreases in the average charge states of O and Fe and analyzed the kinetic and plasma properties of the anticorrelated structures.

Results. We identified 103 anticorrelated structures both in the solar wind and in ICMEs. The behavior of avQFe is strongly related to solar wind kinetic properties, including proton speed, proton temperature, and the proton-proton collisional age. We find that the anticorrelation of avQFe and avQO during these time periods cannot be explained by differential streaming nor by unrecorded hot plasma ejections. Thus, the measured anticorrelated variations in avQFe and avQO probably indicate that changes in coronal conditions at different freeze-in heights may follow opposite monotonic trends.
Stellar expansion or inflation?
Authors: Sabhahit Gautham N. , Vink Jorick S.
Published: November 2024

While stellar expansion after core-hydrogen exhaustion related to thermal imbalance has been documented for decades, the physical phenomenon of stellar inflation that occurs close to the Eddington limit has only come to the fore in recent years. We aim to elucidate the differences between these physical mechanisms for stellar radius enlargement, especially given that additional terms such as ‘bloated’ and ‘puffed-up’ stars have been introduced in the recent massive star literature. We employ single and binary star MESA structure and evolution models for constant mass, as well as models allowing the mass to change due to winds or binary interaction. We find cases that were previously attributed to stellar inflation in fact to be due to stellar expansion. We also highlight that while the opposite effect of expansion is contraction, the removal of an inflated zone should not be referred to as contraction but rather deflation, as the star is still in thermal balance.
PICZL: Image-based photometric redshifts for AGN
Authors: Roster W. , Salvato M. , Krippendorf S. , Saxena A. , Shirley R. , Buchner J. , Wolf J. , Dwelly T. , Bauer F. E. , Aird J. , Ricci C. , Assef R. J. , Anderson S. F. , Liu X. , Merloni A. , Weller J. , Nandra K.
Published: November 2024

Context. Computing reliable photometric redshifts (photo-z) for active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a challenging task, primarily due to the complex interplay between the unresolved relative emissions associated with the supermassive black hole and its host galaxy. Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting methods, while effective for galaxies and AGN in pencil-beam surveys, face limitations in wide or all-sky surveys with fewer bands available, lacking the ability to accurately capture the AGN contribution to the SED, hindering reliable redshift estimation. This limitation is affecting the many tens of millions of AGN detected in existing datasets, such as those AGN clearly singled out and identified by SRG/eROSITA.

Aims. Our goal is to enhance photometric redshift performance for AGN in all-sky surveys while simultaneously simplifying the approach by avoiding the need to merge multiple data sets. Instead, we employ readily available data products from the 10th Data Release of the Imaging Legacy Survey for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, which covers >20 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky with deep imaging and catalog-based photometry in the ɡriɀW1-W4 bands. We fully utilize the spatial flux distribution in the vicinity of each source to produce reliable photo-z.

Methods. We introduce PICZL, a machine-learning algorithm leveraging an ensemble of convolutional neural networks. Utilizing a cross-channel approach, the algorithm integrates distinct SED features from images with those obtained from catalog-level data. Full probability distributions are achieved via the integration of Gaussian mixture models.

Results. On a validation sample of 8098 AGN, PICZL achieves an accuracy σNMAD of 4.5% with an outlier fraction η of 5.6%. These results significantly outperform previous attempts to compute accurate photo-z for AGN using machine learning. We highlight that the model’s performance depends on many variables, predominantly the depth of the data and associated photometric error. A thorough evaluation of these dependencies is presented in the paper.

Conclusions. Our streamlined methodology maintains consistent performance across the entire survey area, when accounting for differing data quality. The same approach can be adopted for future deep photometric surveys such as LSST and Euclid, showcasing its potential for wide-scale realization. With this paper, we release updated photo-z (including errors) for the XMM-SERVS W-CDF-S, ELAIS-S1 and LSS fields.
Search for the lost Baghi Chinar garden in the Samarkand region and creation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the targeted area
Authors: Sadikova Sitora , Aminjanova Malika , Abdurahmanov Ilhom
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the location of the Baghi Chinar garden of Amir Timur (translated as "Plane Garden"), based on the collection of historical information, tacheometric survey performed by the Leica TS-02 Plus tacheometer, the creation of a digital terrain model and a digital relief model using the Panorama geoinformation program. Thus, the use of GIS tools, the creation of an interactive map of the Timurid gardens in Samarkand and the collection of tacheometric and topographic data allowed for three-dimensional visualization of the site of the historical garden in the form of a DEM, as well as obtaining a wide range of data for a more accurate reproduction of the design of the Amir Timur "Baghi Chinar" garden.
Multidirektionale Korrekturosteotomie der Tuberositas tibiae
Authors: Balcarek Peter , Staicu Alina-Laura
Published: November 2024

Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Technik einer mehrdimensionalen, V-förmigen und
selbstzentrierenden Osteotomie der Tuberositas tibiae mit kortikaler Knochenblockabstützung,
die eine kombinierte Distoanteromedialisierung der Tuberositas ermöglicht.