bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Cultural Translation and Adaptation of the Newest Vital Sign Instrument for Urdu Speakers: Delphi Method
Authors: Toor Muneeb Ahmed , Bibi Bushra , Shahzadi Namra
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current study's aim was to translate and adapt The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) instrument while maintaining professional standards.
Methodology: The Delphi method was used to translate the instrument, which was then followed by cognitive evaluation rounds of one-on-one interviews with members of the intended population, larger-scale data collection, and determining the instrument's reliability and validity.
Findings: Findings of this study showed that the translated version was significantly correlated with another already translated and established instrument of health literacy. Similarly, an expert panel helped create a content validity ratio at the professional level. The internal consistency was also measured and was at a satisfactory level.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the study suggests that the Newest Vital Sign-Urdu (NVS-Urdu) is a reliable, valid, and content rich measure of functional health literacy that can be used for Urdu speakers in research, clinical practice, and public health settings.
Exploring the Needlework Heritage of South Punjab: Tracing the Tradition of Chikankari Embroidery in Bahawalpur
Authors: Shaukat Rabia , Bilal Ahmad , Mubashra Asna
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Chikankari is an historical hand embroidery technique that is associated with the South Punjab region. Chikankari was majorly patronized by the Nawabs and elites of Bahawalpur. This research is exploratory research where the original Chikankari work images from the local artisans are taken from the south Punjab, Bahawalpur.
Methodology: The data gathered to compile this research has been taken from the local artisans of Bahawalpur. This research is based on qualitative analysis where different embroidery samples are comprehensively viewed for the Chikankari techniques executed. The research paper provides detailing of the array of stitches utilized in creation of this craft. It also involves the analysis of the stitch techniques, motifs, and color scheme which create a link between the historical and contemporary practice of Chikankari.
Findings: The findings showcase that the Shadow work (Herringbone Stitch), Bour Tanka (French Knot), and Bharwa Tanka (Satin Stitch) are commonly used stitches in the Chikankari work. The motifs that are commonly used in the Chikankari work are the Paisley and floral motifs. The use of traditional stitches and historical motifs is a continuation of legacy in the modern world.
Conclusion: Chikankari is an intricate embroidery process that has been patronized by the Nawabs for centuries and has not lost its popularity. This research includes a comprehensive analysis of the techniques, stitches, artistry, history, and culture that distinguishes this embroidery technique from others. Chikankari originated from Lucknow but it is especially known as the crafts of the Nawabs. The cities of Bahawalpur and Lucknow are the cities of Nawabs, and this art has flourished in this area.
Role of Analogy Based Teaching to Enhance Higher Order Skills in Chemistry Learning at Grade IX
Authors: Saleem Asma , Akbar Rafaqat Ali
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current research was piloted to explore the impact of analogy-based classroom teaching to enhance higher order skills in chemistry at IX Grade. It was experimental research.
Methodology: The study was designed on true experimental basis. This target was completed by selecting two groups of grade IX learners, through randomization. Each group was comprised of 40 participants. Intervention was involved teaching of selected subject matter of text book of grade 9th issued by Punjab Curriculum and Text Book Board, Lahore for area of chemistry. Through 16-week period of intervention, each group was provided an identical extent of lessons. Control group was taught by simple lecture method of teaching and treatment group was educated through analogical practices. Data collection was completed through pretest and posttest. Analogy Based Teaching Achievement Test (ABTAT) was developed by the investigator and used to find the variance of achievement level between traditional group and treatment group. SPSS was supported analysis of data.
Findings: Pretests achievement scores were shown that performance of both groups was not significantly different. While significant difference between two groups proved the constructive outcome of role of analogies in teaching to enhance higher order skills of experimental group. First term assessment was the major limitation of the study to encircle it only for subject of chemistry and Grade IX.
Conclusion: The outcomes of this work exposed the positive role of analogies in classroom teaching at school level. So, it was proposed to teachers to incorporate simple, interesting and related to actual concept analogies in lesson strategies for operative learning.
Effects of Cognitive Restructuring and Self-Management Techniques on Methamphetamine Abuse among Youth in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Chigbu Eberechukwu Francisca , Oguzie Alphonsus Ekejiuba , Augustine Nwosu Ikechukwu , Ngwaka Loveth Chinasa , Onu Ebele Ann
Published: December 2024

The study looked at how methamphetamine misuse among young people in Enugu State, Nigeria, was affected by cognitive restructuring and self-management approaches. The study was led by three research questions and three null hypotheses. The study's methodology was a quasi-experimental one. 953 youth from the twelve autonomous villages in the Igbo-Etiti Local Government Area made up the study's population, and 74 young were selected for the study's sample using purposive sampling. A standardised questionnaire called the Youth Methamphetamine Abuse Detecting Questionnaire was the tool utilised to gather the data (YMADQ). Internal consistency reliability coefficient for the test is 0.89. Analysis of Co-Variance was used to evaluate data relating to the hypotheses, whereas statistical mean was used to analyse data relating to the research questions (ANCOVA). According to the study's findings, young people who consume methamphetamine are substantially more likely to benefit from cognitive restructuring and self-management approaches. The study's findings also showed that the self-management strategy was superior to cognitive restructuring in terms of lowering methamphetamine usage. Finally, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of cognitive restructuring and self-management approaches on methamphetamine abuse among the experiment's young participants. It was suggested, among other things, that cognitive restructuring and self-management strategies be employed by counsellors and rehabilitators as successful treatments for young persons’ abusing methamphetamine.
Development and Validation of Trust in Intimate Partner Scale for Women
Authors: Sultan Hina , Fatima Syeda Samar , Jabeen Tahira
Published: December 2024

Background: Intimate relationships are built upon trust. With it, there is liberty and security to experience the full potential of intimacy and affection the relationship has to offer.
Objective: Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a reliable and valid indigenous scale for women measuring trust in their intimate partner.
Method: The study was carried out in three phases. In phase one, ten semi structured interviews were conducted with married women to generate items. Relevant literature was also studied thoroughly.  In phase two, construct validity of the scale was established through exploratory factor analysis. A convenient sample of 400 women was taken.
Results: Principal component analysis using varimax rotation resulted in three factors i.e., benevolence, predictability, and dependability. The overall variance explained by all these factors accounted for 71.82%. In phase three, psychometric properties of the scale were examined. The alpha reliability of the scale was significantly high α=.85. Discriminant validity of the scale was r= -.72, p<.01.
Conclusion: Hence, it is a valid and reliable indigenous scale to measure trust in intimate partner among women.
A Journey of Non-Figurative Sculpture in Pakistan Developmental Course of Sculpture in Pakistan
Authors: Alam Habib , Nasim Samina
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The objective of this research is to provide information on the development, relevance, and specific artists who have contributed to the non-figurative sculpting trend in the nation. This study tries to answer questions: What has been historical development of non-figurative sculpture in Pakistan, and how does it relate to contemporary art movements around the world?
Methodology: The context, content, and form of the non-figurative sculptures are examined in order to comprehend their communicative potential and visual language. Additionally, the works are placed within the backdrop of last seven decades' evolving social realities, which influenced sculptors' methods in a variety of ways. This study intends to shed light on the distinctive qualities and subjects investigated in non-figurative sculpture in Pakistan, as well as its reception and recognition within art community, using a combination of qualitative analysis and historical research.
Findings & Conclusion: It is concluded that the sculptors of Pakistan created non-figurative sculptural art among figurative representation through their innovative ideas and variety of techniques. The work of Anjum Ayaz features an abstract representation of domestic abuse in an artistic way.
Visuals on the Billboards of Automobile Workshops: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Rasul Sarwet
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: If we accept the term media, the plural of medium, as broadly meant to be all the channels of communication, and any form of information that can influence people, billboard advertising is a significant medium. Three major roles of media include to educate, inform and entertain; and when it comes to billboard advertisements they serve at least the first two purposes that is to educate and inform. Billboards as a means of advertising exploit linguistic and visual resources for meaning making. The current paper examines the visual literacy practices as exhibited on the billboards of auto-mechanic workshops in Pakistan from the thematic perspective.
Methodology: The research is based on the data collected from three localities of Rawalpindi and the surrounding areas within 100 kilometers radius including: 1) Rawalpindi City 2) Murree City, Company Bagh, Murree Expressway 3) and Dinna, and Gujjar Khan. These workshops are representatives of two social classes, the middle-middle class and the lower-middle class. Visuals on the billboards of these workshops are captured and examined to find out what are the thematic threads running across this visual data. While mainly Wang’s (2014) framework is adapted, Visual Grammar by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996, 2001, 2006) and Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough (1989, 1995) are the conceptual feeding-streams for the analysis in the current research.
Findings: Discursive narrative analysis of the visuals is focused upon for visual interpretation which enables the researcher to identify some broad themes running across the visuals of billboards at micro and macro levels such as claiming authenticity, professional specialization, metaphor of wealth, and modality as a visual literacy practice.
Conclusion: The research provides insights into the literacy practices observed on the billboards of automobile workshops through the use of visuals; and sheds light on the social aspects of these practices.
Impact of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression on Quality of Life of Health Care Professionals: A Post Covid-19 Lockdown Analysis
Authors: Zia Kainat , Adil Muhammad , Khan Rizwan Ullah , Jamal Sayed Muhammad
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of stress, anxiety, and depression, on the quality of life of health care professionals in post covid-19 lockdown along with the gender differences in the variables under study. Correlational research design was employed and data of (N=120) was taken through purposive sampling comprising general physicians (n=35), specialized physicians (n=30), psychiatrists (n=20), and psychologists (n=35) around the Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Collected data was then analyzed via statistical tools; the t-test, correlation, and linear regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Statistical outcomes indicated that stress and depression have an adverse impact on the quality of life of health care professionals while anxiety on the other hand had no significant impact on them. Results further revealed that female health care professionals encounter higher level of stress, anxiety, and depression, with poor quality of life than male health care professionals in post covid-19 situation. This study catered to the post-covid 19 situation that contributed to the increase of mental health problems (like stress, anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life) in practicing mental health and physical health professionals as compared to other people. These findings would be beneficial for clinical psychologists to better understand the mental health of health care professionals in different clinical settings. Current study findings will fill the gaps regarding Pakistan-based literature for future studies in the same domain.
Giant Leap of Textiles in “The Science of Small”
Authors: Mubashra Asna
Published: December 2024

Background: All fields of textile are constantly varying. Variations occur as life styles change or at times these are caused by ever evolving processing mannerism or as government standards for safety, environmental protection, and quality and energy conservation change. The turn of century has witnessed the stern focus of textile industry on scientific and technological advancement, initially this industry was not recognized and it survived as art and craft in early centuries until eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when world was witnessing industrial revolution it had focus upon mechanization and mass production. All over the world the products of textile industry are massively utilized.
Aim of the Study: There is a pressing need for an initiative to improve, to facilitate and to accelerate the development and adaptation of the textiles and clothing industries. For the satisfaction of various new customer demands this industry is struggling to employ technology for the enhancement of textiles to fulfill, adapt and adjust to the cravings of change. "The science of small" has emerged as an interdisciplinary science; here knowledge is shared for the extension of nano scale limits by many electronic and material mechanical engineers, physicist, scientist, chemists and biologists.
Methodology: This review article attempts to descriptively connect the various potentials of the nano scale in the textile sector especially with a textile designer perspective. This is an effort to compose a meta review to understand the new dimensions of textile sector that highlights the activities and contributions in this emerging new domain of nano scale.
Findings & Conclusion: Today by the term nanotechnology a vast arena of knowledge is meant that encompass exploration of technologies for miniaturized processes and structures. Research in this area is not only focused on cost efficiency in use of chemicals but focus is also towards reformulation of some new technology and ultimately developing a work rout that saves manufacture resources like human resource, time and water. All this has resulted in the development of nano fibers, nano compositions, nano polymers and nano finishes in field of textiles. This paper intends to summarize the current expansion of nanotechnology for production of textile products.
Voters’ Behavior in Pakistan in the General Elections of 2013: A Case Study of District Peshawar
Authors: Ullah Taseer , Habibullah  , Khan Gulawar
Published: December 2024

Study Background: Electoral politics, loosely defined is a form of political participation. Political participation of citizen in multi-ethnic and multi-lingual societies such as Pakistan is influenced by a variety of voting determinants such as party loyalty / party manifesto, religion, Baradari (the caste system - brotherhood), ethnicity, and clientelism. Historically, despite Pakistan's multi-party system, electoral politics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been dominated by a few political parties, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), the Pakistan Muslim League (N), the Awami National Party (ANP), and Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam (JUI). Certain families dominate these political parties, influencing elections and the political process.
Aim of the Study: However, in the general elections of 2013, a new political party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), emerged as a major political party both at the Centre and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa which is a setback for the dominant political parties. Thus, this paper primarily aims to examine the determinants that affected voting behavior during 2013 general elections in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Methodology: For this quantitative study, a sample size of (N=664) respondents was questioned using a systematic random sampling method.
Findings: It found that party loyalty/party manifesto was pointed out with 50.8% by respondents, followed by 'Baradari' with (18.8%), 'religion' with (14.8%), 'ethnicity' with (7.1%), while clientelism with (7.1%).
Conclusion: The paper concluded that the political voting determinant played a dominant role, followed by combined role of the social determinant, while economic determinant played role to a limited extend.
Postmodern Feminist Voices in the Poems of Sylvia Plath and Parveen Shakir: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rahman Maira , Riaz Humaira , Rahman Atia
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The present study explores similar thought patterns implied in the selected poems of American English poet Sylvia Plath and Pakistani Urdu poet Parveen Shakir; who are known for being strong female voices of the twentieth century. The study addresses the social and cultural diversity as well as the similarities in their works within the constraints of patriarchal forces in each specific context. It also considers the biographies of both authors to highlight the poems' analogies and disparities.
Methodology: Poems from the collection Ariel by Sylvia Plath and Khushboo by Parveen Shakir are selected for analysis. The comparative study technique by Aldo Mesemio is applied to recognize the thought patterns reflected in the poetry of writers belonging to two completely different cultures.
Findings & Conclusion: The study is vital for literature students because it provides a critical insight into two different cultures and societies through the medium of poetry. It is helpful for those who have a keen interest in Parveen Shakir and Sylvia Plath’s life and poetry and have a tendency to explore the works in future.
Perceived Parental Practices and Mental Health Problems of University Students in the Cultural Context of Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Arif , Saleem Muhammad , Khan Aqeel Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The current study aimed to explore the relationship of perceived parental practices with mental health problems in university students. For this purpose, a sample of 480 university students in the age range of 17-26 years (M=20.51; SD=1.48) was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The perceived parental practices and mental health problems were assessed through Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran-Adolescent Version (Castro et al., 1990) and Student Problems Checklist (Mahmood & Saleem, 2011) respectively. Results of the study revealed a significant negative relationship between the perceived fathers’ emotional warmth and mental health problems whereas a positive relationship between the perceived fathers’ rejection and mental health problems. Nevertheless, there was an insignificant association between fathers’ over-protection and mental health problems in the participants. On the other hand, the perceived mothers’ emotional warmth was negatively associated with mental health problems while the perceived mothers’ rejection and over-protection were positively correlated with mental health problems in the participants. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that the participants with a higher level of perceived fathers’ emotional warmth had less proneness to have mental health problems. Suggestions and implications are discussed based on the current findings.
Effect of Brand Image on Consumer Buying Behaviour with Mediating Role of Psychological Factors and Moderating Role of Personal Factors
Authors: Khan Ferryal , Kamran Sohail , Malik Fozia , Sarfraz Sania
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This paper aims to test the relationship among brand image and consumer buying behavior. The gap incorporated in this study is the mediating role of psychological and moderating role of personal factors in the relationship of brand image and consumer buying behavior which is studied very rare in previous research. 
Methodology: Keeping in view the perception and observation of Urban Females of Pakistan that they are more conscious in purchase of designer’s brands and even designers also target female segment in their promotional campaigns. Therefore, data from (200) respondents was gathered through a five-point Likert Scale questionnaire from Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities of Pakistan. Moderation and Mediation tests were carried out along with Correlation and Reliability Analysis.
Results: The findings illustrate a noteworthy impact of brand image on consumer buying behaviour. Moreover, a significant moderation and mediating impact of the personal and psychological factors was also observed. This study employs Horward and Sheth’s Theory of Buyer Behaviour for assessing the influence of brand image on consumer buying behavior.
Conclusion: The study findings could also help marketing managers and fashion designers in designing policies regarding brand image as it can contribute in boosting a positive brand image in prospective buyer’s mind. Finally, the paper also highlights the study limitations and avenues for future research.
The Role of Financial and Entrepreneurial Literacy in Developing Graduate Entrepreneurial Intentions: Larkana and Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Dayo Abdul Jabbar , Jatoi Muhammad Masihullah , Shaikh Naveed Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Purpose – This research paper aimed to determine the role of financial and entrepreneurial literacy in developing graduate entrepreneurial intentions (GEI) among graduates and undergraduates of Larkana and Sukkur universities / higher education institutes.
Design/Methodology/Approach –The quantitative survey method was used. 409 students filled out a five-point Likert Scale questionnaire and data were analyzed and interpreted data by using the SPSS 26 version (descriptive results and pie charts) and Smart PLS 3.3.5 version (measurement model: factor loadings, reliability and validity and structural models: hypotheses testing, and mediation results).
Findings –The study discovered that financial literacy has negative influence on graduate entrepreneurial intentions (GEI) while entrepreneurial literacy positively influence on GEI. Financial and entrepreneurial literacy positively influences on ATNVC and ATNVC also has positive influence on GEI. Mediation results showed that the mediating variable had no mediation between financial literacy and graduate entrepreneurial intentions. However, the mediating variable has a partial median between entrepreneurial literacy and graduate entrepreneurial intentions to start a business in the future.
Practical Implications – To endorse the financial and entrepreneurial literacy among graduate entrepreneurial intentions as these have significant impact on business succession and it could be enhanced by different university courses, trainings, and workshops etc. to help student to open new business to reduce unemployment and also boost country’s economy.
Originality/Value – This study contributed to the literature on financial literacy, entrepreneurial literacy, graduate entrepreneurial intentions, and entrepreneurship education. This study will help the country's economy because it teaches individuals how to manage money both personally and in business, which will ultimately help them be more entrepreneurial and open more business opportunities.
Influence of Social Media Sites on Youth’s Purchasing Habits
Authors: Arshad Asif , Baber Muhammad Qamar Zaman , Abbas Zaki , Hassan Madiha
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: E–commerce is one of the growing modes of shopping.  In this method there are various ambiguities but as per new generation it is very popular and cheap way of shopping. The social media like Facebook & Instagram give it a new hype. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram have significantly contributed to its proliferation. This quantitative study aimed to analyze the influence, preferences, and perspectives of university and college students regarding social media advertisements.
Methodology: The quantitate study conducted to find out the influence of social media particularly Facebook and Instagram among youth’s purchasing habits, the main objective of this research was to analysis the impact, preference and views of University and College students about social media advertisement. The researchers make 2 hypotheses and apply some test to explore the role of social media among different genders regarding purchasing. The data has been analyzed through SPSS and results are manipulated in tabular and graphical form.
Findings: The findings reveal that frequent engagement with social media significantly influences both male and female preferences towards e-shopping. However, the analysis suggests that males tend to exhibit a higher inclination towards e-commerce compared to females, despite both genders showing a preference for online shopping due to their active presence on social media.
Conclusion: It is concluded that frequent visiting of female and male on social media give preference to E-shopping but female has less influence as compare to male.
English Pashto Contact: Morphological Adaptation of Bilingual Compound Words and Hybrydization in Pashto Language
Authors: Israr Ayesha , Shah Khalid , Khan Arif
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Language Contact is a familiar concept in the present global world. Across the globe, languages get mixed up at different levels. Borrowing and code-switching are some of the means through which languages interact. This study examines Pashto-English contact at word and syllable levels.
Methodology: By recording the speech of 100 Pashto native speakers, selected via ‘social network’ sampling, the study located a number of Pashto-English compound hybrid words which is a unique contact of its kind. In data analysis, tokens were categorized on the basis of their pattern and morphological structure.
Findings: The study shows that Pashto-English Bilingual Compound Hybrid words (BCHWs) are very prevalent in Pashto language. The study also found that the BCHWs in Pashto are completely productive and have their own meanings. It also shows that the dominant pattern of hybrid words in Pashto is the conjugation of an independent English root word followed by a Pashto inflectional morpheme, which contributes to the core semantic content of the construction. The BCHWs construction shows that how both the languages are closer to each other. Pashto-English contact results into bilingual compound and hybrid words, which form a considerable number of tokens in the present day, spoken Pashtu.
Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, the study assumes that the same phenomenon may increase with the passage of time that would in turn result in the formation of more bilingual compound or hybrid words.
Perceived Psychosocial Predictors of Terrorism among Militants in Some Nigerian Southern States
Authors: Adetula Gabriel Agboola , Emmanuel Agesin Bankole
Published: December 2024

In Nigeria, militant, terrorist, and military operations have claimed lives and valuable property. Despite the high costs, Nigerians continue to clamour for violence. Socio-political events and lifestyles are giving rise to visible unethical antisocial terrorist organisations, while people are constantly in danger and fear of aggression. From various studies, it has been claimed that positive relationships exist between some psychosocial factors that contribute to the continuation of this violence. The determination of the degree of relationships in criminality becomes critical for this study in order to predict why people sought out militant adventures rather than societal well-being. The ex-post facto concept was used, with an accidental sampling technique, to select and survey n=300 participants in response to questionnaire and interview statements on kidnapping, ransom taking, human trafficking, and ritual killings, as well as their relationships with unemployment, socio-cultural pressures, peer group, and drug abuse. The findings support the existence of some strong links between these militant venturing and criminality practise variables. There are ethical limitations, but the results have practical implications for interventions by judicial, military, police, and correctional officers. Empathy allows people to see their own flaws clearly, allowing them to make changes to community corrections adaptation.
Decision Making by Teachers under Institutional Isomorphism in Educational Institutions
Authors: Mir Tanzeel Ur Rahman , Bibi Tahira , Sahi Ammara Nasim
Published: December 2024

Aims of the Study: The article aimed to understand the process of institutional isomorphism in federal government educational institutions (FGEIs). It described how decision-making rationalities were maintained among teachers, under institutional isomorphism in primary and secondary schools. The main objectives of the study comprised; 1) to analyze the perceptions and presence of institutional isomorphism at FGEIs, 2) to analyze the decision making by teachers under institutional isomorphism.
Methodology: Mixed method approach was adopted to find the answer of the research study. Interviews from FGEIs local and regional officials were conducted for qualitative data. Questionnaires were administered collected data from different schoolteachers of FGEIs. The population of the study was Regional and Local Headquarters’ officers of FGEIs, all Heads and 106 randomly selected teachers of FGEIs.
Findings: Coercion in relation to institutional isomorphism was maintained in FGEIs through formal laws and SOPs monitor and execute leading to coercive institutional isomorphism. Through a standard such as a value, norm, rule, goal, best practice, or principle. Whereas principles of FGEIs were of the view, this phenomenon has implication for employees.
Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant presence of strong isomorphism within FGEIs, resulting in limited autonomy for school heads when it comes to making decisions related to the school.
Relationship between Teachers’ Professional Growth and Organizational Commitment at Secondary Schools Level in the Punjab
Authors: Muhammad Noor , Iqbal Javed , Parveen Asifa
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The esteem purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between professional growth and organizational commitment. The professional growth was a productive process for versatile rapid changes that marginalized the link of teachers with organizational environment and system. When they got psychological amusement, their organizational commitment took place. Their loyalty promoted their attachment with school that developed the interest of the researchers to find out the teachers’ professional growth and organizational commitment association.
Methodology: Data were collected from the teachers at public secondary school of Punjab. Teachers (N=1200) were approached for data collection that was managed by researcher personally. Two self-developed instruments were the data collection tools. Pearson correlation was statistical technique to analyze the data.
Findings: The finding of the study showed the positive moderate and significant relationship of teachers’ professional growth and organizational commitment in Punjab secondary school.
Conclusion & Recommendation: So, it was recommended that there should be considerable attention of school management on professional growth to strength the teachers’ attachment with school.
A Lacanian Reading of The Water Cure (2018) by Sophie Mackintosh
Authors: Dad Khuram , Shabbir Iram , Abbasi Muhammad Ismail
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research paper aims to analyze Sophie Mackintosh's novel, The Water Cure (2018), using Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory. The study employs close reading to examine the patriarchal structures of society portrayed in the novel and how these structures restrict women's freedom by confining them within certain boundaries imposed by the Symbolic order. It utilizes Lacan's concept of the Mirror stage and the Symbolic stage to explore the characters' sense of self and their relationship with the outside world. The paper also investigates power dynamics within the family and the characters' strategies of navigation and resistance.
Methodology: This study is of qualitative nature using qualitative content analysis as an Approach with a focus on concepts from cultural background. This research work is based on analysis of female characters depicted in Novel The Water Cure (2018) by Sophie Mackintosh. The technique for selection of Population and Sample is judgmental sampling. The selected population and Sample include the female characters from the selected literary works.
Findings: The analysis reveals that a Lacanian reading of The Water Cure (2018) offers a deeper understanding of the novel's themes and characters. It highlights the oppressive nature of patriarchal structures and their impact on women's agency. The examination of the Mirror stage and the Symbolic stage illuminates the characters' construction of self-identity and their complex interactions with the external environment. The study also uncovers the various power dynamics at play within the family and identifies the characters' strategies of negotiation and resistance.
Conclusion: Through the lens of Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, this paper demonstrates that The Water Cure (2018) can be comprehended more profoundly. The novel's exploration of patriarchal structures, the characters' sense of self, and their engagement with power dynamics are enriched by a Lacanian analysis. This research enhances our understanding of the novel's overarching themes and the complexities of the characters' experiences.
Agency Autonomy in Pakistan: Exploring the Role of Agency Task in Public Sector Organizations
Authors: Rizwan Aisha , Zahra Abiha
Published: December 2024

Aim of the study: This article aims to empirically explore the effect of the task a public agency performs on its managerial autonomy. The structural-instrumental perspective theorizes that the structure and task of organizations are the principal features based upon which public agencies are granted a certain degree of autonomy.
Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative research methodology by surveying federal public agencies in Pakistan. Data was collected from heads of 145 public agencies by adopting the key respondent approach. It tested hypotheses regarding the perceived autonomy of federal agencies, variation in tasks across these agencies and the role that the task of the agency plays in explaining its autonomy. Data was coded and labelled in SPSS and statistical tests of bivariate correlation were performed. Cross-tabulations were also used to analyze the relationship between the primary task of an agency and its level of managerial autonomy.  
Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the overall managerial autonomy of federal public agencies in Pakistan was perceived to be low. Moreover, the task of the agency was found to have a negligible effect on agency autonomy. 
Conclusion: The study suggests that considering the contextual and structural features of  a country other than agency tasks need to be tested to explain agency autonomy. Agencies are involved in multiple tasks that lead to complexity in task measurement and its impact on autonomy. This has to be taken into account while designing autonomy of agencies. The findings can help policymakers and public managers to adopt public sector governance arrangements and structural and procedural reform initiatives conducive to the successful implementation of managerialism.
Blueprints to Accelerate the Student’s Academic Motivation and Engagement in Health Education
Authors: Stella Nwankwo Nonyelum
Published: December 2024

This study looked into ways to boost students' academic interest and involvement in health education. The study was designed using survey methods. Two research questions and two hypotheses were explored in order to achieve the research goal. The study's population included thirty (30) government secondary school health education teachers and sixteen (16) private secondary school health education teachers in Anambra State's Ogidi Education Zone, with no sampling done due to the study's manageable size. Data was collected using a standardized 20-item questionnaire that was thoroughly verified by two experts. For the research questions, mean scores and standard deviation were used, and for the hypotheses, a t-test was used. The study's main findings revealed that students' perceived academic motivation and participation in health education are unaffected by the type of school they attend (public or private). According to the research, there is no substantial difference in the types of schools that students attend (public and private). According to the findings, teachers should establish an active learning environment that increases students' perceived autonomy by giving them choices and chances for self-directed learning, which may improve their motivation and engagement.
Palimpsest: A Powerful Tool for Analyzing Discourses Embedded in Istanbul: Memories and the City
Authors: Kalsoom Ayesha , Rukh Harmain
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The present study investigates the subjective and collective memories of the urban residents of Istanbul, with a specific emphasis on the insights offered by urban literature. The present study examines the propensity of urban areas to undergo transformation as a consequence of successive civilizations.
Methodology: The present study utilizes a qualitative-theory methodology and adopts De Quincey's concept of "Palimpsest" as the theoretical framework to accomplish its objectives. The primary research approach utilized is a methodology centred around the textual analysis. This methodology entails a thorough examination and interpretation of the intricate layers of individual and collective memories intertwined within the selected literary work.
Findings: The analysis of the selected work reveals that the portrayal of Istanbul reinforces the concept of a palimpsest, symbolizing the perpetual transformations occurring within the urban landscape. The narrative underscores the historical and cultural influences that are discernible in Istanbul, placing emphasis on the dynamic nature of its growth, which has been moulded by the interplay of various civilizations throughout the ages.
Conclusion: This research provides insight into the concept of Istanbul as a palimpsest, characterized by the ongoing transformation of its physical infrastructure and social fabric due to the successive influences of diverse civilizations. The identity of a place is shaped not only by its architectural and historical components, but also by the intricate interaction of social, cultural, economic, and traditional artefacts.
Resistance and Reconstruction of the Black Self in Richard Wright’s Native Son: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Rahim Abdul , Khattak Manzoor Ahmad , Khattak Hoor Shamail
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study also aims to analyze Bigger’s character as an embodiment of violent resistance which helped to humanize black identity, avoid objectification, and remove indifferences.
Methodology: The critical and close analysis of Richard Wright’s Native Son significantly highlights that Wright's construction of the main character Bigger, a colonized black native engaged in the struggle for freedom and self-definition, subscribes to Frantz Fanon’s concept of violent resistance.
Findings: For Fanon, the use of violence when no option is available helps to build safety and freedom. Wright depicts the theme of violence to create Bigger’s black identity in a white-dominant American society where blacks are dehumanized and completely alienated.
Conclusion: Resistance encourages colonized and enslaved people to struggle and liberate themselves, transforming them from suppression, injustices, and unequal power relationships to freedom, equality, and self-esteem. The centuries-long plight of the African Americans and their resistance to liberation are worthy of representation in the literary world.
Implementation Challenges of Strategic HRM in State-Owned Enterprises of Pakistan: An Institutional Perspective
Authors: Naveed Shabana , Farooqi Madiha Rehman , Rizwan Aisha
Published: December 2024

Purpose – Captivated by the success of private sector management practices, the public sector is implanting the strategic human resource management (SHRM) model to enhance HR effectiveness. However, contextual differences may hinder successful adoption. With this proposition, this study explores the implementation challenges of SHRM in Pakistan’s state enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach– The study adopted the case study approach to analyse the implementation of SHRM in Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited, a company operating as a public entity. Data sources include 17 semi-structured interviews, with diverse respondents working in the HR or other departments of the organization. The HR policy documents were also accessed for analysis purposes. The techniques of triangulation of perspectives, triangulation of data, and thematic analysis are used to explore the phenomenon. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo-12 for data analysis.
Findings –The study found several external, organizational, and HR competency factors affecting the successful implementation of SHRM in SOEs. Results imply that it is worthwhile for SOEs to have a strategic orientation of HR but its usefulness depends on its successful implementation, which is quite challenging for SOEs due to differences in the institutional context.
Practical implications – Enhancing SOE’s strategic autonomy, HR competency, and the vision of strategic apex can be helpful in the implementation process.
Originality/value – Supporting the argument of institutional theory, the study highlights the significance of contextual differences in the implementation of private-sector models in public organizations.
Determining the Association between the Impact of Education and Changing Institutional Network
Authors: Imran  , Gul Rais , Muhammad Badshah
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The core objective of this research was to determine the association between the impact of education and changing institutional network while controlling gender as a background variable at a multivariate level.
Methodology: The study was carried out in district Swat and the sampled respondents (n=250) were chosen from the seven tehsils of the study locale based on a non-probability sampling procedure. The data were processed and analyzed on quantitative grounds at bivariate and multivariate levels using a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Further, the data was indexed and results were drawn through the Chi-square test coupled with Gamma (ℽ) statistics at the bivariate level and Kendall Tau-C (Tc) at the multivariate level respectively.
Findings and Conclusion: The results revealed a significant relationship between the impact of education and changing institutional networks. Furthermore, the values of Kendall Tau-C and Chi-Square depicted spurious relationships among the impact of education and change in institutional network while controlling gender. The study concludes that the role of education in bringing change in the institutional network is significant whereas, about gender, the tendency of modernization was noticed higher in males than females.
Effect of Media Routines on News Production: Exploring Journalists’ Perception
Authors: Riaz Saqib , Hameed Ayesha
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The media holds significant influence as a potent communication tool and carries certain responsibilities within a democratic society. The objectives of this study were to investigate and analyze the practices of journalists from various media organizations in Lahore and Faisalabad. The study aims to explore the diverse influences that impact the news production process. A primary focus of the research was to examine how media routines shape the construction of news stories, while also investigating other media influences that may manipulate the narratives.
Methodology: The study was grounded in theoretical frameworks proposed by Shoemaker and Reese, which explore the influences on media content. The population of this study consisted of 300 journalists employed in various national and local Newspapers, electronic, and social media. Convenience sampling techniques were employed, as they were deemed appropriate for gathering the specific type of data required from journalists, aligning with the nature of the research questionnaire. The data for the study was collected using a survey method from the research respondents.
Findings: The finding of the study indicates that the majority of the journalist expressed the belief that media routines play a crucial role in influencing news constructions. Furthermore, the study reveals that both media routines and other media influences are significant obstacles in the news-making process. These results highlight the perception of journalists regarding the impact of media routines and other influences on the production of news.
Conclusion: In conclusion, understanding and addressing these challenges are imperative for the sustainability of reliable journalism. The intricate interplay of external pressures, technological advancements, and internal dynamics necessitates ongoing dialogue and efforts to safeguard the principles of accuracy, impartiality, and public interest in the ever-evolving media landscape.