bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LMOOC para la integración de personas desplazadas
Authors: Sanz Gil Mercedes
Published: December 2021

Uno de los principales retos a los que se enfrentan las personas desplazadas es hacer frente a las barreras lingüísticas y culturales que supone el desconocimiento, en la mayoría de los casos, de la lengua y de la cultura del país de destino. Actualmente, y gracias a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, existen numerosos recursos y aplicaciones que pueden ayudar a paliar dichas carencias, antes o durante el periodo en el que se desarrolla la movilidad. En este artículo presentamos algunos de ellos. En concreto nos centramos en el formato MOOC (Cursos masivos abiertos en línea, por sus siglas en inglés) para el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras (LMOOC). Analizaremos dos LMOOC de aprendizaje del Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE) destinado principalmente al colectivo de personas inmigrantes y refugiadas y tres de aprendizaje del Francés como Lengua Extranjera (FLE) destinado principalmente a personas desplazadas por motivos laborales o educativos.

One of the main challenges faced by displaced people is dealing with the linguistic and cultural barriers that arise from the lack of knowledge, in most cases, of the language and culture of the destination country. At present, thanks to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), there are numerous resources and applications that can help to alleviate these deficiencies, before, or during the period in which mobility develops. In this article we present some of them. More specifically, this article focuses on the MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) format for foreign language learning (LMOOC). We will analyze two LMOOCs for learning Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) aimed mainly at migrants and refugees; and three for learning French as a Foreign Language (FFL) aimed mainly at people displaced for work or educational reasons.

L'un des principaux défis auxquels les personnes déplacées sont confrontées est celui de faire face aux barrières linguistiques et culturelles qui découlent du manque de connaissance, dans la plupart des cas, de la langue et de la culture du pays de destination. De nos jours, et grâce aux Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC), il existe de nombreuses ressources et applications qui peuvent contribuer à pallier ces lacunes, avant, ou pendant la période de mobilité. Dans cet article, nous en présentons quelques-unes. Nous nous concentrons en particulier sur le format MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) pour l'apprentissage des langues étrangères (LMOOC). Nous analyserons deux LMOOC pour l'apprentissage de l'Espagnol comme Langue Étrangère (ELE) destinés principalement à des personnes migrantes et réfugiées et trois pour l'apprentissage du Français comme Langue Étrangère (FLE) destinés principalement aux personnes en déplacement pour des raisons professionnelles ou éducatives.
Voltaire et son lecteur. Essai sur la séduction littéraire
Authors: Saura Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Reseña de: Menant, Sylvain, Voltaire et son lecteur. Essai sur la séduction littéraire Genève, Droz (Bibliothèque des Lumières), 2021
Culturally Restorative Child Welfare Practice: A Special Emphasis on Cultural Attachment Theory1
Authors: Simard Estelle
Published: December 2021

A research project was implemented through the use of qualitative secondary data analysis to describe a theory of culturally restorative child welfare practice with the application of cultural attachment theory. The research documented 20 years of service practice that promoted Anishinaabe cultural identity and cultural attachment strategies by fostering the natural cultural resiliencies that exist within the Anishinaabe nation. The research brings a suggested methodology to child welfare services for First Nations children; the greater the application of cultural attachment strategies the greater the response to cultural restoration processes within a First Nations community.
A Way of Life: Indigenous Perspectives on Anti-Oppressive Living1
Authors: Thomas Robina , Green Jacquie
Published: December 2021

The focus of this article is on the key elements of anti-oppressive practices as examined by two Indigenous women who practice and teach anti-oppressive ways. Anti-oppressive living is characterized as a Way of Life that values the sacred and traditional teachings of various Indigenous cultures. The Medicine Wheel is discussed and highlighted as an effective teaching tool to examine anti-oppressive ways of living, practicing, and perspectives.
Healing Through Culture for Incarcerated Aboriginal People1
Authors: Hyatt Ashley
Published: December 2021

Statistically, Aboriginal people in Canada are over-represented in prisons throughout the country. While representatives from the Canadian government recognize that the Aboriginal incarceration rates are an issue, they have failed to find a solution. A link has been found to demonstrate how the erosion of Aboriginal culture through the legacy of residential schools has contributed to the current inflated Aboriginal incarceration statistics (Waldram, 1997). As such, cultural healing in prisons may be a crucial factor for Aboriginal inmates’ rehabilitation. Cultural healing can be implemented in prisons by: providing inmates with access to Elders, allowing Elders to perform ceremonies, providing inmates with access to sacred medicines, and increasing the number of healing lodges and sacred circles.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder among Aboriginal children under six years of age and living off reserve
Authors: Werk Christine M. , Cui Xinjie , Tough Suzanne
Published: December 2021

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are caused by consumption of alcohol during pregnancy and the prevalence of these disorders in Canada is not well established. Statistics Canada’s Aboriginal Children’s Survey (2006) was used in the current study to assess the prevalence of FASD among Aboriginal children living off reserve across Canada. Characteristics of Aboriginal children with or without a diagnosis of FASD and living in Western Canada were also assessed. Rates of FASD were higher in Alberta and Manitoba than other provinces and territories. For these children who were diagnosed with FASD half received treatment for FASD and treatment rates did not vary across provinces. In Western Canada, FASD was more common among children identified as First Nations, and among older children. Rates of FASD were also higher for Aboriginal children who lived in low income situations, who had experienced food insecurity, or who lived with foster parents. Therefore, Aboriginal children with FASD likely experience other life challenges and these factors should be considered when treating these young children.
Voices of women living with FASD: Perspectives on promising approaches in substance use treatment, programs and care
Authors: Rutman Deborah
Published: December 2021

Research and practice wisdom tells us that women who themselves have FASD are at high risk of having concurrent substance use and mental health problems, and of having a baby with FASD.Despite this, there is a dearth of published information that has focused on the support needs of women with FASD who have substance use problems, or on effective practice in providing substance use treatment and care for women with FASD.

This article presents findings based on interviews with 13 substance-using women with FASD, which was a key facet of a three-year research project that had three inter-related components. The research also included a review of the literature regarding promising approaches to substance use treatment and care with women with FASD and interviews with multl-disciplinary service providers across British Columbia to identify promising and innovative programs, resources and approaches relating to substance use treatment for women with FASD. Highlighted are promising approaches and good practice and/or programs for women with FASD who have addictions problems, from the perspective of individuals most directly affected by the issues: women with FASD who have substance use problems.
Healing Through Culture for Incarcerated Aboriginal People
Authors: Hyatt Ashley
Published: December 2021

Statistically, Aboriginal peoples in Canada are over represented in prisons throughout the country (Hayman, 2006; Perreault, 2009; Rymhs, 2008; Waldram, 1997). While representatives from the Canadian government recognize that the Aboriginal incarceration rates are an issue (CBC, 2013; Perreault, 2009), they have failed to find a solution. A link has been found to demonstrate how an erosion of Aboriginal culture through the legacy of residential schools has contributed to the current inflated Aboriginal incarceration statistics (Waldram, 1997). As such, cultural healing in prisons may be a crucial factor to Aboriginal inmates’ rehabilitation. Cultural healing can be implemented in prisons by: providing inmates with access to Elders, allowing Elders to perform ceremonies, providing inmates with access to sacred medicines, and increasing the number of healing lodges and sacred circles.
Lessons Learned from the Yellowhead Tribal Services Agency Open Custom Adoption Program1
Authors: Carrière Jeannine
Published: December 2021

Following a historic meeting of staff with Alberta Children’s Services and the Yellowhead Tribal Services Agency (YTSA), a pilot program, the YTSA Open Custom Adoption, was developed. The agency initially researched existing adoption models in the Northwest Territories, British Columbia and in the Cheyenne Nation in the United States. An advisory committee, comprised of one Elder from each member First Nation community, was asked to provide guidance and direction throughout the project. From 2000 to 2010, YTSA placed over a hundred children in adoptive homes without any adoption breakdowns (Peacock & Morin, 2010). Although the agency has now closed its doors, there are lessons to be learned from the YTSA Open Custom Adoption program which is still viewed as an advanced model of adoption service inspired by traditional First Nation teachings and child caring. This article is a review of lessons learned from this agency and in particular, the importance of connectedness to family, community culture and nationhood for Indigenous children and adoption.
The elusive promise of reconciliation in British Columbia child welfare: Aboriginal perspectives and wisdom from within the BC Ministry of Children and Family Development
Authors: Rousseau Jane
Published: December 2021

This article considers the unique challenge for Aboriginal professionals working in a government child welfare system responsible for the oppression of Aboriginal children, families and communities. A non-Aboriginal organizational insider researcher uses an Indigenous/ethnographic approach to explore these issues with Aboriginal professionals within the British Columbia Ministry of Children and Family Development (MCFD). This study involves a dual focus that examines the history, identity, values, motivations, and practice approaches of Aboriginal professionals as well as how organizational structural and environment variables support or impede their efforts toward critically needed improvements to child welfare services for Aboriginal children, youth, families and communities. Analysis of these two areas results in significant findings for the organization and its perceived inability to achieve progress with transforming service delivery for Aboriginal peoples.

The findings contribute to better understanding of factors that impede Aboriginal professionals from achieving improved practice and outcomes. Organizational variables, such as low Aboriginal practice support, racism, cultural incompetence, hierarchical structure and decision making, risk-averse practice norms, poorly implemented or rhetorical change initiatives, and institutional physical environments impede the ability of Aboriginal professionals. However, significant mitigating factors were found to help, such as meaningful organizational support at the worksite level provided through dedicated culturally competent Aboriginal management and practice teams.
Odeminiwin: Understanding and Supporting Childhood Stimulation in an Algonquin Community
Authors: Thorne Rebecca Marian , Macdonald Mary Ellen , Thivierge Christine , Whiteduck Georgina , Vignola Serge
Published: December 2021

Legacies of colonialism have been associated with risk factors for delayed childhood development in Aboriginal communities in Canada. In the Algonquin community of Rapid Lake (Québec, Canada), the maternal-child nurse carries out regular screening for developmental delay in children (0-66 months) using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). The aim of this project was to explore parenting practices and cultural traditions regarding childhood stimulation in this community as well as primary caregivers’ perceptions of the use of the ASQ. Using a Community Based Participatory Research framework, we conducted a focused ethnography over four months, which included 28 participants. Outcomes of our research included the development of a stimulation activity for families involving all generations in the community, incorporating traditional parenting practices and language, and promoting a safe learning environment. Results can be used to support efforts towards community-driven childhood development services in other Aboriginal communities.
More Than a Social Justice Project: The Continued Road Towards Truth and Reconciliation
Authors: Burm Sarah
Published: December 2021

This community story describes one committee’s experiences in reconciliation after the planning and hosting of an education conference entitled It Matters to Us: Transforming the Legacy of Residential School at Western University’s Faculty of Education. The objective in hosting this conference was to provide educational opportunities that foster dialogue, reconciliation, and relationship building between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. This conference sought to increase knowledge, enhance self-awareness and strengthen the skills of those who work both directly and indirectly with Indigenous peoples. Outlined throughout the story are both the lessons learned and challenges experienced when a group of individuals from diverse individual, familial, and communal backgrounds come together to engage in a process of reconciliation.
Challenges and resiliency in Aboriginal adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Samaroden Melanie
Published: December 2021

Aboriginal adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) face multiple barriers to services that did not exist in their childhood, yet they still cope with the same FASD-related cognitive issues that they experienced in childhood. Considerable effort is directed to research on children with FASD, but little research on adults with FASD. Furthermore, research on the population of Canada that is generalized to Aboriginal people is neither effective nor ethical. This literature review focuses on Aboriginal adults with FASD, specifically looking at criminal recidivism rates, the stigma attached to an FASD diagnosis, lack of support services, and the ongoing effects of intergenerational trauma. Future qualitative research is suggested to focus on adulthood and aging with FASD, and on helpful interventions.
Give children all rights
Authors: Garasia Aliya
Published: December 2021

The grade 3/4 and grade 7 class at Ross Drive Public School worked together to learn about treaties, Shannen Koostachin, and Shannen’s Dream. The students were asked to think about what a safe and comfy education might look like and why it is unfair that Shannen Koostachin had to fight for this right. This poem reflects what one student, Aliya, learnt.
Une honte nationale
Authors: Toth Katalina
Published: December 2021

Cette transcription a été initialement prononcée en français par Katalina Toth pour d’art oratoire, un concours d’expression publique organisée par l’Association des écoles privées du Québec. Katalina Toth est étudiante à The Sacred Heart School of Montreal. Une liste des références utilisées pour la recherche de ce discours est fournie à ceux qui voudraient en savoir plus sur les avis d’ébullition de l’eau dans les réserves et d’autres injustices semblables.
Foreword
Authors: St. Dennis Marc
Published: December 2021

It is my great pleasure to present the very first audiovisual edition of the First Peoples Child & Family Review! This is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to interdisciplinary knowledge honouring the voices and perspectives of First Nations, Métis, Inuit and other Indigenous people around the world. With this edition we want to highlight the importance of oral and visual knowledge transmission for Indigenous people. We want to challenge the prevalence of written knowledge transmission in academia and show that other ways of knowing are just as powerful. This includes publishing work from people young and old in recognition that learning is a lifelong journey and that each and every one of us carries wisdom in our hearts and in our minds. In total, there are 12 works published in this edition of the First Peoples Child & Family Review. This includes drawings and videos from Indigenous researchers, graduate students, community members, youth, and non-Indigenous allies and supporters. I want to thank all of the contributors to this special edition for sharing their knowledge, experience, and stories and to the peer referees for their thoughtful feedback. To you, the viewer, I hope you enjoy learning from and being inspired by the contributions that follow.
Fair and unfair education
Authors: Kumar Amelia , Shafia Faieq
Published: December 2021

The grade 3/4 and grade 7 class at Ross Drive Public School worked together to learn about treaties, Shannen Koostachin, and Shannen’s Dream. The students were asked to think about what a safe and comfy education might look like and why it is unfair that Shannen Koostachin had to fight for this right. To learn more, visit www.shannensdream.ca.
Emprego de fixador externo na configuração tie-in em osteossíntese de fratura femoral de uma jaguatirica
Authors: Rossi Hemilly Greicy , Trettene Lorraine Gabriela , Jardim Andressa De Melo , Godoi Kemper Daniella Aparecida , Kemper Bernardo
Published: December 2021

De acordo com a literatura, os ossos longos são os mais acometidos em casos de fraturas em felinos domésticos, totalizando mais de 50% dessas afecções, não sendo encontrados estudos da incidência entre as espécies de felinos silvestres. Existem diversas técnicas para a estabilização das fraturas femorais e, neste trabalho, objetivou-se descrever o uso do fixador esquelético externo uniplanar (Tipo Ia) combinado ao pino intramedular (tie-in) em uma jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) que apresentava fratura transversal em terço proximal do fêmur direito. A abordagem do fêmur foi realizada inserindo um pino normógrado e, subsequentemente, dois pinos (schanz) externos proximais e dois distalmente ao foco da fratura. As partes proximal e distal do pino intramedular foram unidas a uma barra conectante externa. Foram realizadas avaliações radiográficas ao término do procedimento cirúrgico e aos 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, sendo que nas últimas pôde-se observar adequada cicatrização óssea. Em seguida, os implantes foram removidos. Durante todo o período de acompanhamento não foram observadas complicações com os implantes ou com a interface pino-pele. A técnica utilizada, configuração tie-in, promoveu estabilidade, foi bem aceita pela espécie, devolveu função normal ao membro operado e proporcionou adequada consolidação óssea.
CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED NANOMATERIALS FOR POTENTIAL DENTAL APPLICATION
Authors: Janković Ognjenka , Arbutina Radmila , Mirjanić Vladan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Biocompatibility is an essential feature of any dental material. Few materials can be said to be biologically inert since most contain potentially harmful or irritating ingredients. This study aimed to determine the cytocompatibility of newly synthesized nanomaterials based on calcium aluminates and calcium silicates for potential dental applications. Material and methods: The cytotoxicity of calcium aluminate-based nanomaterials (ALBO-CA), calcium silicate (ALBO-CS) and calcium silicate hydroxyapatite (ALBO-CSHA) was examined using the MTT test on the human line of human fibroblasts (MRC-5) according to ISO standard (ISO 10993- 5: 2009) in comparison with the calcium aluminate cements EndoBinder (Binder was, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). For the analysis, the eluates of the investigated materials in the growth medium were diluted to a concentration of 4.7, 9.4, 18.8, 37.5 and 75, 0 mg. Qualitative verification of results was performed by a light microscope (Carl Zeiss). The mean values and standard deviations of the MTT test results were done in Microsoft Excel. Results: All tested concentrations of ALBO-CA, ALBO-CS, and EndoBinder resulted in a high survival of cells in culture. The strongest cytotoxic effect was ALBO-CSHA with IC50 = 46.44 after the first cycle of testing; IC50 = 55.52 after the second cycle; or IC50 = 55.42 after the third repetition of the MTT test. Conclusion: ALBO-CA and ALBO-CS nanomaterials have shown a cytocompatible effect comparable to EndoBinder. The obtained results are certainly encouraged to continue researching these materials in the future and other experimental and clinical studies.
EVALUATION OF FLOOR COVERINGS FROM THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECT IN THE DESIGN STAGE
Authors: Nikolić Topalović Marina , Stanković Milenko
Published: December 2021

Measures to reduce the impact of the construction sector on the environment and human health need to be taken at the design stage of the facility and evaluate building materials and products from an ecological and economic aspect. For the research needs, a comparison of floor coverings at the design stage was made to assess their impact during the life cycle. The research uses the life cycle analysis (LCA), a methodology that is the basis for analyzing the impacts during the life cycle of the analyzed construction products. The research covers the life cycle stages from A1 to C4, according to the standard ISO EN 15978: 2011. The software package BEES, the National Institute of Standardization and Technology (NIST), the United States of America is used for the turn. Five types of floor coverings were analyzed, from the aspect of their impact on the environment and human health, but also from the economic point of view. The research has shown that in the design phase, using software packages can be managed with the quality of the environment, and the project design, and hence the quality of the facility. The research also points to the need for a national software package that can analyze construction products and materials. Their application would improve the national construction industry and favored materials that are environmentally and economically acceptable in relation to materials with unfavorable effects on the environment and human health.
УСТАВНОПРАВНА РЈЕШЕЊА ЗАКОНОДАВНЕ ВЛАСТИ У СРБИЈИ XIX И С ПОЧЕТКА XX ВИЈЕКА
Authors: Стојановић Здрава
Published: December 2021

Одлучујући се за проблематику изнесену у самом наслову рада, аутор је пошао од спознаје да је, у досадашњој правноисторијској књижевности, изостао систематски поглед при расвјетљавању једног од централних питања уставних борби нововјековне српске државе – организовања законодавне власти. Oно је подразумијевало, прије свега, положај и улогу народног представништва, али у контексту уставног поло-жаја и надлежности монарха као шефа државе. Превасходна намјера и циљ аутора је да систематским приступом пропрати нормативна рјешења законодавне власти која су понуђена од стране српских уставо-твораца. Бавећи се уставноправним рјешењима законодавних чинилаца, као и појединим модалитетима њиховог учешћа у законодавној сфери, аутор наглашава питање законодавне санкције (вета), с обзиром на то да је ово право – које један орган по уставу има у односу на акте другог органа власти – скоро редовно поуздан показатељ дубљих, суштинских карактеристика организације и вршења власти у датом друштву. Комбинујући, нужно, упоредноправну са историографском и социолошком методом истраживања, аутор долази до сазнања да је успјешност вишегодишње борбе уставних чинилаца за што боље позиције у законо-давној власти, зависила, не само од уставних рјешења, него и од стварне снаге које су поједине уставне институције (па и право вета) имале у пракси. Стога, неизоставно је било и бављење реалним социјално-економским и полотичким миљеом, али у оној мјери у којој је он доприносио, или није, конкретним уставним рјешењима.
УДАЉЕЊЕ РАДНИКА СА РАДА (СУСПЕНЗИЈА)
Authors: Лале Радислав
Published: December 2021

У раду, обрађено је удаљење радника са рада (суспензија) као превен-тивна и привремена мјера, која је везана за институт дисциплинске одговорности запослених. Аутор даје објашњења ове значајне радно-правне установе, основних врста суспензије радника са рада, услова под којима се радник може, односно мора удаљити са рада, као и положаја радника за вријеме суспензије. Посебна пажња посвећена је суспензији државних службеника из службе, с обзиром на то да је овај институт у вези са кривичном и дисциплинском одговорности државних службе-ника. Аутор закључује да је потребно кроз будуће измјене и допуне Закона о раду Републике Српске отклонити недостатке и нелогичности одредаба које регулишу трајање удаљења радника са рада, а посебно треба регулисати права радника и државних службеника послије прес-танка суспензије.
СУДСКА ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Симовић Владимир М.
Published: December 2021

ПРАВО НА ЛИЧНУ СЛОБОДУ И БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТ Притвор Постоји кршење члана II/3.d) Устава Босне и Херцеговине и члана 5 став 1 Европске конвенције када је, иако се апелант налази у притвору према ранијем рјешењу за кривична дјела из другог поступка, апеланту одређен нови притвор, који почиње тећи даном истицања или укидања ранијег притвора, а то не прописују изричите законске одредбе, нити за наведено постоји јасна судска пракса.
НАЧЕЛО КРИВИЦЕ И ОДГОВОРНОСТ САУЧЕСНИКА
Authors: Стојановић Зоран
Published: December 2021

У раду се разматрају домети начела кривице у односу на одговорност саучесника. Са аспекта тог начела, преиспитују се и посебна правила о одговорности саучесника. Иако саучесништво под-разумева одређене специфичности, начело кривице и овде мора да дође до пуног изражаја. Сваки учесник одговара за сопствени допринос у границама своје кривице. Данас скоро општеприхваћена теорија (огра-ничене) акцесорности саучесништва не води, сама по себи, одсту-пањима од начела кривице. То што је постојање саучесништва и њихова одговорност условљена постојањем дела извршиоца у коме су и они учествовали, не значи да они одговарају за туђе дело. Реч је о томе да сам појам саучесништва подразумева да је извршено противправно дело које је у закону предвиђено као кривично дело. Да ли ће саучесници одговарати за свој допринос таквом делу, зависи од њихове кривице. Она одређује границе њихове одговорности. Правило о томе да је кривица учесника непреносива код ограничене акцесорности потврђује да је она индивидуална. Може да одговара само онај учесник код кога она постоји и то само у односу на оно дело које је њоме обухваћено. Ограничена акцесорност омогућуje да одговарају учесници који су предузели радњу саучесништва поступајући са умишљајем (код саизвршилаштва и из нехата) и онда када је извршилац остварио само објективне елементе кривичног дела, тј. који није нужно поступао са кривицом. Домети ограничене акцесорности у српском кривичном праву су много шири него у оним кривичноправним системима у којима умишљај није обухваћен појмом кривице, већ улази у биће кривичног дела као његово субјективно обележје. Зато, нема потребе да се саучесник (подстрекач) који је са умишљајем навео извршиоца да поступајући без кривице оствари објективне елементе кривичног дела прогласи (посредним) извршиоцем. Са аспекта теме овог рада, увођење конструкције посредног изврши-лаштва не би нужно допринело доследнијем остваривању начела кри-вице у области саучесништва. Анализирајући одредбе о посебним правилима о одговорности саучесника у Кривичном законику Србије и Кривичном закону Републике Српске у раду се долази до закључка да су оне у складу са начелом кривице. У неким страним законодавствима то није увек случај. Тако, указује се на решење које постоји у италијанском кривичном праву према коме је за одговорност свих учесника довољно да се неко кривично дело објективно може повезати са њима, независно од њиховог уми-шљаја па и нехата.
In the shadow of the Cold war
Authors: Јоксимовић Јанко
Published: December 2021

Тимоти Џ. Линч је професор политичких наука ангажован на програму Америчких студија на Универзитету у Мелбурну. Аутор је више књига и чланака о спољнополитичкој историји Сједињених Америчких Држава крајем 20. и почетком 21. вијека. У фокусу Линчовог истраживања су амерички предсједници као главни ствараоци спољне политике. Наслов јасно упућује на прву од двије главне тезе књиге, до које је Линч дошао методом поређења, по којој је америчка спољна политика од Џорџа Буша ст. до Доналда Трампа била под утицајем политике Хладног рата, или како ју је Линч поетски окарактерисао, у сјенци Хладног рата.
Biological effects of terahertz waves
Authors: Peng Xiao-Yu , Zhou Huan ,   Center for Terahertz Technology Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China,   Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing 400714, China,   Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Published: December 2021

 There are numerous applications of terahertz (THz) waves in biomedicine due to their properties that can be absorbed strongly by water in biological systems and resonant with biological macromolecules and weak interactions among them in the biological systems. Though there is no direct ionization damage to the biological tissues due to their low photon energy, the THz waves can give rise to a series of biological effects on the biological cells and tissues with the increase of the intensity of the THz beam. Different irradiation conditions such as the different parameters of the THz waves and the different biological systems will result in different biological effects, including mainly the thermal effects and non-thermal effects. In this paper, we discuss first the physical mechanisms of these two kinds of effects, then introduce the existing main THz sources suitable for studying the biological effects, and summarize the typical biological effects in detail and the research progress in this field. Finally we prospect the potential applications and challenges of the THz wave biological effects.
A new and very spiny lizard (Gymnophthalmidae:Echinosaura) from the Andes in northwestern Ecuador
Authors: Yánez-Muñoz Mario H. , Torres-Carvajal Omar , Reyes-Puig Juan P. , Urgiles-Merchán Miguel A. , Koch Claudia
Published: December 2021

We describe a new species of Neotropical spiny-lizard of the genusEchinosaurafrom the Imbabura and Carchi Provinces on the western slopes of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. The new species mostly resemblesE. horrida. However, it can be distinguished from all congeners by having keeled enlarged dorsal scales forming a paired vertebral row, two paravertebral series of short oblique rows of projecting scales, and a pair of spine-like scales on temporal and nuchal regions. We also provide a detailed description of the osteology of the skull and pectoral girdle of the new species and present a phylogenetic hypothesis forEchinosaurabased on three mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, ND4) and one nuclear gene (c-mos).
CRYAB predicts clinical prognosis and is associated with immunocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer
Authors: Deng Junsheng , Chen Xiaoli , Zhan Ting , Chen Mengge , Yan Xisheng , Huang Xiaodong
Published: December 2021

Background

αB-Crystallin (CRYAB) is differentially expressed in various tumors. However, the correlation between CRYAB and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.

Materials & Methods

Kaplan–Meier survival curves in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to evaluate the relationship between CRYAB expression and both overall survival and progression-free survival. The relationships between CRYAB expression and infiltrating immune cells and their corresponding gene marker sets were examined using the TIMER database.

Results

The expression of CRYAB was lower in CRC tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.05). High CRYAB gene expression and high levels of CRYAB gene methylation were correlated with high-grade malignant tumors and more advanced tumor, nodes and metastasis (TNM) cancer stages. In addition, in colorectal cancer, there was a positive correlation between CRYAB expression and immune infiltrating cells including neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 + T cells, and CD4 + T cells, as well as immune-related genes including CD2, CD3D, and CD3E. Methylation sites such as cg13084335, cg15545878, cg13210534, and cg15318568 were positively correlated with low expression of CRYAB.

Conclusion

Because CRYAB likely plays an important role in immune cell infiltration, it may be a potential tumor-suppressor gene in CRC and a potential novel therapeutic target and predictive biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Correlation of Oxygen Saturation Index and Oxygenation Index in Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure among Neonates
Authors: Sunil B , Nithya E
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure (HRF) is severe arterial hypoxaemia that is refractory to supplemental oxygen. Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI) can be an alternate method of diagnosing and assessing the severity of HRF as it uses Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) in place of Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) and may be utilised with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Aim: To evaluate the correlation between OSI and Oxygenation Index (OI) in HRF in neonates. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from December 2016 to July 2018. Fifty neonates who were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and conventionally ventilated in view of HRF were included. Arterial blood gases in the first 24 hours of life and corresponding oxygen saturations and ventilator settings were recorded. OI and OSI was calculated using the standard formula and their correlation was analysed. Results: The neonates were all on first day of life at admission to NICU and were invasively ventilated due to HRF. The mean birth weight was 1.89±0.84 kg. Of the 50 neonates, 22 (44%) were preterm babies (<34 weeks), 17 (34%) belonged to late preterm group (34 weeks to 36 weeks +6 days), 9 (18%) were term babies (>37 weeks), two neonates were extremely preterm (less than 28 weeks). In this study, OSI and OI significantly associated and correlated (p-value <0.01) with a correlation coefficient r=0.727. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for OSI was 0.912 which indicates that OSI is an excellent test to assess the severity of HRF. Conclusion: That OSI can be used to diagnose and assess the severity of lung disease in neonates having HRF.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТА ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ И ТРАНСПОРТА ЗАРЯДА В БЕСФОРМОВОЧНОМ МЕМРИСТОРЕ НА ОСНОВЕ НИТРИДА КРЕМНИЯ С РАЗНЫМИ ТИПАМИ МЕТАЛЛА ВЕРХНЕГО ЭЛЕКТРОДА, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Красников Г.Я. , Орлов О.М. , Макеев В.В.
Published: December 2021

Мемристорная резистивная память с произвольным доступом (ReRAM, Resistive Random Access Memory) вместе с памятью с изменением фазового состояния (PCM, Phase Change Memory), магниторезистивной памятью с произвольным доступом (MRAM, Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory), сегнетоэлектрической памятью (FeRAM, Ferroelectric Memories) [4] являются востребованными видами энергонезависимой памяти на новых альтернативных принципах. Нитрид кремния является перспективным резистивным переключающим слоем для мемристоров. В данной работе проведено экспериментальное исследование эффекта переключения и переноса заряда в мемристоре на основе нитрида кремния для разных типов металла (Ni, Co, Cu) верхнего электрода.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАТА ТЕТРАМЕТИЛАММОНИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КАТИОНООБМЕННЫХ МЕМБРАН, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Конарев А.А. , Варламов Д.А. , Грибов Б.Г.
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены результаты применения различных катионообменных мембран для получения концентрата тетраметиламмония гидроксида. Показано, что для получения концентрата тетраметиламмония гидроксида могут быть использованы только перфторированные катионообменные мембраны, которые характеризуются высокой химической стойкостью, механической прочностью, селективностью и сравнительно низким электроосматическим переносом воды, что обеспечивает получение продукта требуемого качества. Исключением является мембрана МФ 4СК 100, на которой достигаются более низкие выхода продукта по веществу (76,0–85,0%) и по току (15,0–22,9%). Для разработки технологии получения концентрата тетраметиламмония гидроксида рекомендуются мембраны Нафион 324 и Флемин 811.
КОНФОРМНОСТЬ РОСТА ТОНКИХ СЛОЕВ ИЗ ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЫ НА РЕЛЬЕФНЫХ МИКРО- И НАНОСТРУКТУРАХ. Часть 3. Процессы атомно-слоевого осаждения, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Васильев В.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Выполнен обзор информационных источников по результатам многолетних исследований проблемы конформности роста тонких слоев неорганических материалов на рельефных полупроводниковых подложках при химическом осаждении из газовой фазы. В третьей части рассматривается возможность применения количественного подхода автора к оценке конформности роста тонких слоев на рельефах в процессах атомно-слоевого осаждения.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИМПЛЕМЕНТАЦИИ СРЕДСТВ САМОРЕМОНТА ОПЕРАТИВНОЙ ПАМЯТИ В ПЛИС СЕМЕЙСТВА SPARTAN3E, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: ВОЛОБУЕВ С. В. , Рябцев В.Г.
Published: December 2021

Приведены особенности имплементации средств автоматического саморемонта ОЗУ в ПЛИС xc3s500e семейства Spartan3e. Спроектированные и изготовленные средства саморемонта ОЗУ позволят начать тестирование в реальных условиях для проверки проектных решений и организации серийного производства. Спроектированные средства обеспечат автоматический саморемонт 16-ти разрядного ОЗУ при четырехкратных отказах в разных информационных разрядах на этапе эксплуатации.
МЕТОД ДИСКРЕТНОЙ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ РЕЗИСТОРНЫХ МАТРИЦ ЦИФРО-АНАЛОГОВОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЯ ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ НЕЛИНЕЙНОСТИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Калиниченко С.В. , Балашов Ю.С. , Белоусов С.А. , Шнайдер А.С. , Харин Д.Г.
Published: December 2021

В данной работе рассмотрен метод коррекции резисторных матриц цифро-аналогового преобразователя (ЦАП) с использованием калибровочных наборов. Рассмотрены структура сегментированного 16-разрядного ЦАП и схема калибровочного набора. Представлен алгоритм расчета корректировочных коэффициентов, основанный на прогнозировании передаточной характеристики с помощью математической модели ЦАП. Приведены результаты экспериментальных испытаний интегральных схем ЦАП, для настройки которых был применен данный метод.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАТА ТЕТРАМЕТИЛАММОНИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КАТОДОВ ИЗ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Конарев А.А. , Варламов Д.А. , Грибов Б.Г.
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены результаты применения катодов из различных конструкционных материалов для получения концентрата тетраметиламмония гидроксида мембранным электролизом водного раствора хлорида тетраметиламмония. Показано, что для получения концентрата тетраметиламмония гидроксида предлагается использовать в качестве катодного материала платинированный титан, характеризующийся высокой химической стойкостью в сильнощелочной среде, механической прочностью и низким перенапряжением выделения водорода при катодной поляризации, что может обеспечить получение продукта современного уровня качества.
A REVOLTA DOS BASTARDOS: do Pentecostalismo ao Bolsonarismo
Authors: Cortês Mariana
Published: December 2021

O artigo pretende oferecer uma contribuição teórico-metodológica para o debate sobre o neoliberalismo autoritário, a partir da perspectiva das margens, mais especificamente, do movimento pentecostal. Ao traçar uma genealogia da expansão do pentecostalismo durante as três décadas da Nova República, o texto argumenta que algumas dimensões presentes na virada autoritária brasileira foram gestadas nas agências pentecostais, como o diagrama da guerra, a recusa da humilhação, o dispositivo anti-autoridade e a gramática do empreendedorismo. Toma-se como tese central que o pentecostalismo e o bolsonarismo podem ser descritos como uma revolta dos “bastardos”. Das margens ao Estado, pretende-se analisar como uma contestação dos indivíduos periféricos que ocupam posições “ambíguas” dentro do campo religioso tem uma conexão com uma insurreição  conservadora, que visa alcançar posições institucionais nos poderes legislativo, executivoe judiciário, a partir de sujeitos que ocupavam posições heterodoxas em vários campos de atuação, como o jurídico, o político, o militar, o acadêmico.
Calcium regulates the interplay between the tight junction and epithelial adherens junction at the plasma membrane
Authors: Mendoza Christopher , Nagidi Sai Harsha , Collett Kjetil , Mckell Jacob , Mizrachi Dario
Published: December 2021

The apical junctional complex (AJC) is a membrane protein ultrastructure that regulates cell adhesion and homeostasis. The tight junction (TJ) and the adherens junction (AJ) are substructures of the AJC. The interplay between TJ and AJ membrane proteins to assemble the AJC remains unclear. We employed synthetic biology strategies to express the basic membrane elements of a simple AJC—the adhesive extracellular domains of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM‐A), epithelial cadherin, claudin 1, and occludin—to study their interactions. Our results suggest that calcium concentration fluctuations and JAM‐A, acting as an interface molecule between the TJ and AJ, orchestrate their interplay. Calcium affects the secondary structure, oligomerization, and binding affinity of homotypic and heterotypic interactions of TJ and AJ components, thus acting as a molecular switch influencing AJC dynamics.
Highly Foldable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Embedded Polyimide/Silver Nanowires Conductive Substrates
Authors: Miao Renjie , Li Pengfei , Zhang Wenxiao , Feng Xuan , Qian Lei , Fang Junfeng , Song Weijie , Wang Weiyan
Published: December 2021

Foldable solar cells, with the advantages of size compactness and shape transformation, are attractive power sources for wearable and portable devices. The challenge for realizing highly foldable solar cells is to exploit highly foldable conductive substrates to replace brittle indium tin oxide. In this work, highly foldable and smooth polyimide (PI)/silver nanowires (AgNWs) conductive substrates are constructed by embedding AgNWs into ultrathin PI films to improve the interface binding force. As a result, the embedded PI/AgNWs complex shows a neglectable change in resistance after folding for 1000 cycles. The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on PI/AgNWs substrates exhibit power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.8%. More importantly, beneficial from the highly foldable PI/AgNWs conductive substrates, the PSCs maintain 73.5% and 55.2% of the initial PCE after +180° and −180° folding for 1000 cycles, respectively, which is the first report on the foldable AgNWs‐based PSCs. In addition, the degradation mechanism of PSCs subjected to different folding conditions is tentatively exploited. This work paves the way toward realizing highly foldable PSCs for various practical applications.
In‐Situ Self‐Assembled ZnO Foam Based on Graphene‐Like Ultrathin Nanosheets
Authors: He Dongqing , Yu Ping , Wang Daizhe , Wang Lijie , Wang Xingyue , Wang Qi , Zhang Xiaochen , Ye Tengling
Published: December 2021

It is still a challenge to prepare 2D ultrathin ZnO in a simple method, especially for the in‐situ growth of 2D ultrathin ZnO on different substrates. Herein the ZnO foam with high specific surface area is successfully assembled in situ from graphene‐like ultrathin nanosheet on various substrates, including rigid  fluoride doped tin oxide, Ni foam, and flexible indium tin oxide, carbon cloth, etc. The thickness of graphene‐like nanosheet is just ≈1.5 nm. The results reveal that the specific surface area of ZnO nanosheets is 90.7 m2 g−1. The high specific surface area of the hydrophilic ZnO foam and its in‐situ growth characteristic make it promising water channel in solar‐driven interfacial water evaporation system. By using a flexible carbon cloth/ZnO foam (C‐ZnO) Janus absorber, a high rate of water evaporation (2.4 kg m−2 h−1), which is 4.6 times higher than that of natural evaporation is demonstrated. This work provides a new method in the design of ZnO ultrathin nanosheets, what's more, the facile growth of the ZnO foam on various substrates make it possible for the application in optoelectronic devices.
Low‐Power/High‐Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Yang Chi‐Yuan , Tu Deyu , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Wu Han‐Yan , Harikesh Padinhare Cholakkal , Massetti Matteo , Stoeckel Marc‐Antoine , Kroon Renee , Müller Christian , Berggren Magnus , Fabiano Simone
Published: December 2021

The ability to accurately extract low‐amplitude voltage signals is crucial in several fields, ranging from single‐use diagnostics and medical technology to robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT). The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which features large transconductance values at low operating voltages, is ideal for monitoring small signals. Here, low‐power and high‐gain flexible circuits based on printed complementary OECTs are reported. This work leverages the low threshold voltage of both p‐type and n‐type enhancement‐mode OECTs to develop complementary voltage amplifiers that can sense voltages as low as 100 µV, with gains of 30.4 dB and at a power consumption of 0.1–2.7 µW (single‐stage amplifier). At the optimal operating conditions, the voltage gain normalized to power consumption reaches 169 dB µW−1, which is >50 times larger than state‐of‐the‐art OECT‐based amplifiers. In a monolithically integrated two‐stage configuration, these complementary voltage amplifiers reach voltage gains of 193 V/V, which are among the highest for emerging complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐like technologies operating at supply voltages below 1 V. These flexible complementary circuits based on printed OECTs define a new power‐efficient platform for sensing and amplifying low‐amplitude voltage signals in several emerging beyond‐silicon applications.