bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ongoing Assessment of a University Foreign Language Program
Authors: Mathews Thomas J. , Hansen Cheryl M.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: This paper reviews the process a university foreign language department went through in developing a procedure to assess its curriculum using the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines and, to a lesser extent, the National Standards, as guiding principles (National Standards, 1996). This procedure included a noncredit workshop that met only once to inform students about the process, an oral proficiency test, and a portfolio of students' written work. Rubrics for evaluation are described. Tables show preliminary results for the first year's assessment. It was found that the average oral proficiency rating for graduating seniors was Advanced‐Low and that 74% rated Intermediate‐High or better. Similarly, the average written proficiency rating was Advanced‐Low. Students also presented material that documented their abilities to analyze literary texts, write in a variety of styles, and demonstrate an awareness of target language culture.
The Practicality and Efficiency of Web‐Based Placement Testing for College‐Level Language Programs
Authors: Bernhardt Elizabeth B. , Rivera Raymond J. , Kamil Michael L.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: Articulation is one of the principal challenges of all foreign language programs. A key component of the articulation process is an assessment of student language abilities. On college and university campuses this process is usually conducted via a placement test. As developments in proficiency research have progressed, it is clear that programs need information about a student's grammatical command of a language as well as about their integrative use of the language specifically in speaking. This article examines the process of having students test online before their arrival on campus and provides insights into efficiencies brought about by such testing. The data for the article were generated by 679 learners of Spanish and 78 learners of German as well as by their 14 instructors and 2 language program directors.
Tutoring for Community Outreach: A Course Model for Language Learning and Bridge Building Between Universities and Public Schools
Authors: Polansky Susan G.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: The integration of foreign language learning with service‐learning has continued as a growing trend through the 1990s into the 21st century. Tutoring programs can offer unique opportunities for addressing the National Standards for Foreign Language Learning (1999). This article details one flexible curriculum‐based model that promotes especially the fifth goal area of communities. A course involving collaboration between an institution of higher learning and local schools allows undergraduate students with diverse languages and competencies and a wide variety of academic and career interests to work with pupils from grades 1 through 12.
Full‐Scale Theater Production and Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Ryan‐Scheutz Colleen , Colangelo Laura M.
Published: January 2009

Abstract:This article reports a case study designed to explore the effectiveness of full‐scale, authentic‐text theater production for second language learning. Based on the results of preproduction and postproduction tests completed by cast and crew members, as well as the observations of all involved, the authors maintain that the diverse communication tasks necessary for the project, and the motivation generated by a common and public goal, make foreign language theater production particularly conducive to learning. The findings in this study indicated general tendencies toward improved proficiency in speaking and reading and very positive student perceptions with respect to the gains they made individually in various skill areas. Finally, the study revealed increased levels of comfort in using the foreign language.
Language Learning Disabilities: The Ultimate Foreign Language Challenge
Authors: DiFino Sharon M. , Lombardino Linda J.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: In today's world where great value is placed on global understanding, the acquisition of languages is essential. Academics would agree that the study of other languages provides students access to the cultural and intellectual heritage of cultures other than their own. Additionally, such study gives new and different perspectives on the structure and complexity of English. For the majority of students, the fulfillment of the college foreign language requirement is not problematic. But what happens to the individuals who have difficulty fulfilling the requirement? This article describes the special difficulties university students with dyslexia and other language learning difficulties have in satisfying the foreign language requirement. The article also provides a checklist of warning signs that identify students who are at risk for failure in foreign language classes, academic options to help students with language learning difficulties, and recommendations for alternative teaching methodologies for students who do not have the ability to learn a foreign language through traditional teaching methods.
Developing Collaborative Cyber Communities to Prepare Tomorrow's Teachers
Authors: Lord Gillian , Lomicka Lara L.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: Computer‐mediated exchange and interaction have become topics of debate and discussion in the past several years due to the growing interest in synchronous and asynchronous communication and their role in language acquisition, learning, and teaching (Liu, Moore, Graham, & Lee, 2002). This article offers a model for a collaborative course on Technology in Foreign Language Education (TITLE) that is built around computer‐mediated discussion. The graduate seminar, designed and taught collaboratively at the University of South Carolina and the University of Florida, allows students to experience the benefits and challenges of virtual communication as they engage in discussions about the theoretical and practical interface of pedagogy and technology in language teaching. Course components, such as chat, e‐portfolios, multi‐user object oriented domains (MOOs), an electronic discussion board, and virtual guests are discussed and the outcomes of the seminar are highlighted in terms of student gains.
Comparison of L2 Listening and Reading Comprehension by University Students Learning English in Korea
Authors: Park Gi‐Pyo
Published: January 2009

Abstract: This study compared L2 listening comprehension with L2 reading comprehension in terms of the roles of linguistic knowledge, background knowledge, and question types among 168 university students learning English in Korea. The analyses ojthe data found that L2 listeners processed inferential information more easily than factual information, while the reverse was true for L2 readers. In addition, linguistic and background knowledge exerted significant effects on L2 listening comprehension. In L2 reading comprehension, however, linguistic knowledge played a significant role, while background knowledge played only a moderate role. In terms of the interaction among linguistic knowledge, background knowledge, and question types, only linguistic and background knowledge in L2 listening comprehension and linguistic knowledge and question types in L2 reading comprehension were significant. Third, linguistic knowledge and background knowledge combined explained a total variance of 14% in L2 listening comprehension and 20% in L2 reading comprehension. These findings show that L2 listening comprehension and L2 reading comprehension differ from each other and that the comprehension of an oral and written text is a more complex process than the interactive process model holds.
Teaching Literature/Reading: A Dialogue on Professional Growth
Authors: Fonder‐Solano Leah , Burnett Joanne
Published: January 2009

Abstract:From 1999 to 2002, two university professors, one trained in language education and French and the other in Hispanic literature, undertook a comparative qualitative study of their parallel third‐year reading course. Using a variety of data sources, most importantly extensive interviews, they documented their teaching beliefs, practices, and perceptions of themselves and each other. The results report conceptual and curricular changes and the implementation of new ideas in classroom practice. In engaging in critical inquiry and dialogue about their professional lives, these two seasoned teachers add to the growing body of teachers' stories. This study also meaningfully addresses the issue ofprofessional regard between literature and language education faculty.
Cultures and Comparisons: Strategies for Learners
Authors: Savignon Sandra J. , Sysoyev Pavel V.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: This article suggests a set of strategies for developing the sociocultural competence of language learners. These strategies extend the notion of coping strategies, or strategic competence (Savignon, 1972, 1983, 1997), to include the intercultural dimension articulated in current goals for U.S. world language education. Adopting the integrative, communicative perspective of language development reflected in the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century (National Standards, 1999), this article offers classroom strategies for teaching and learning with particular reference to the goal areas of “cultures” and “comparisons.” This proposal is grounded in a theory of language inseparable from culture—one that views ability in both a first language (L1) and subsequent languages as the result of socialization and the language classroom as a site of exploration in the development of communicative competence. Suggestions for classroom implementation of strategy training are supported by classroom research (Savignon & Sysoyev, 2002).
Outcomes Assessment for Beginning and Intermediate Spanish: One Program's Process and Results
Authors: Houston Tony
Published: January 2009

Abstract: Outcomes assessment is a process by which an academic unit defines and articulates its program goals and assesses its attainment of those goals. This article chronicles one language division's efforts at outcomes assessment for beginning and intermediate Spanish. The evidence used for program assessment consisted of WebCAPE placement scores, student satisfaction surveys, learner portfolios, and oral proficiency interviews (OPIs). The results of the project suggest that the target goals for student progress were being met and that students were generally satisfied that the program met its stated goals. The results also suggest areas of improvement to the means by which outcomes are measured as well as areas of improvement to the curriculum.
Formal and Informal Experiential Realms in German as a Foreign Language: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Moyer Alene
Published: January 2009

Abstract: In this study of German as a foreign language, formal classroom experience is compared with informal use of German outside the classroom focusing on three syntactic features: main clause word order (subject–verb–object, or SVO), topicalization (subject–verb inversion), and subordinate word order (subject–object–verb, or SOV). T tests and correlation analyses comparing written and oral data from 31 learners demonstrate that: (a) written and oral fluency diverge significantly for these three features; (b) formal and informal target language experience both correlate to fluency; (c) formal experience correlates most significantly to written fluency; and (d) learner orientation is closely related to both experience and fluency in several ways. This preliminary study underscores the quality of experience—consistent, interactive target language contact across multiple domains—as more significant for acquiring certain features than is quantity, or mere duration of target language exposure.
Nonverbal Cues: Clues to the Detection of Foreign Language Anxiety
Authors: Gregersen Tammy S.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: This observation study examined the nonverbal behavior of anxious and nonanxious foreign language learners during a videotaped oral foreign language exam. Focusing primarily on the kinesic signals found in facial expressions, gazing behavior, body movement and gesture, and posture, it was discovered that anxious learners manifested limited facial activity including brow behavior and smiling; maintained less eye contact with the teacher; were more rigid and closed with their posture; and, although they self‐touched and manipulated objects more than the nonanxious, they used fewer illustrative and regulatory gestures. Although significant differences were found, limitations for using nonverbal observation for detecting anxiety are discussed.
Exploring the Blogosphere: Use of Web Logs in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Ducate Lara C. , Lomicka Lara L.
Published: January 2009

Abstract: The words blog, blogger, blogging, and blogosphere have entered online technological dictionaries in the last decade. Recently, these personal electronic journals have received more attention and their increased popularity has led to their regular use in many different settings including the news, the political arena, and even in education. This article offers an overview of this relatively new technological tool, which serves as a form of micropublishing, and then discusses its potential uses in language classes. Two projects integrating blogs are highlighted and the steps on how to author a blog are outlined.
Technoconstructivism for the Undergraduate Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Spodark Edwina
Published: January 2009

Abstract: Although we have entered into the 21st century, most institutions of higher learning have not yet realized a routine integration of technology into regular classroom pedagogical practices. This article highlights two of the main concerns of university‐level foreign language faculty with respect to incorporating technology into everyday classroom teaching and provides suggestions for facilitating the integration of technology into the undergraduate foreign language classroom as an integral part of the curriculum where the main focus is creating an educational environment that is conducive to student learning. A technoconstructivist approach, a blending of the pedagogical practices advocated by social constructivism with the benefits of educational technology, is recommended and demonstrated. By providing examples of effective classroom uses of technology that respect the five attributes of meaningful learning that are the hallmarks of technoconstructivist pedagogy, this article furnishes a blueprint for faculty to follow that will ensure a successful integration of technology, from the use of the scanner to incorporating material from Web sites designed by top education professionals into daily lessons in the foreign language classroom.
Investigating Culture Through Cooperative Learning
Authors: Allen Linda Quinn
Published: January 2009

Studies indicate that group work accompanied by the cooperative learning elements of Individual accountability and structured independence among group members enhances student achievement. This article illustrates the implementation of a specific type of cooperative learning project called group investigation. The project is based on Slavin's (1995) six‐stage model of group investigation. It was implemented in a fourth‐semester college‐level French class and would be suitable for third‐ and fourth‐year high school French classes. The model could be adapted for Spanish or other language classes.
The Cultural Baggage of Second Language Reading: An Approach to Understanding the Practices and Perspectives of a Nonnative Product
Authors: Ketchum Eileen M.
Published: January 2009

The role of background knowledge in second language (***L2) reading has received much attention in pedagogical research through theoretical paradigms such as schema theory, mental models, scripts, and expectations. The recent culture goals of the National Standards (1999) have provided new direction for research in interactive reading models, as sufficient background knowledge can help students comprehend the relationship between the practices and perspectives of a nonnative text or product. This article presents a 3R model of reading strategies (Recognize, Research, Relate) that focuses on developing background knowledge about a target culture while applying this schema to appropriate clues in a foreign text. Samples of data from a qualitative study testing the effectiveness of the 3R model accompany the discussion of this approach designed for a wide‐ranging instructional audience.
Applied Literacy in Second Language Education: (Re) Framing Discourse in Literature‐Based Classrooms
Authors: Mantero Miguel
Published: January 2009

The present investigation explores and presents a theoretical model of instruction—applied literacy in second language education (ALL2E)—and suggests a contemporary view of the roles of grammar and formal evaluation within literature‐based second language (L2) classrooms. Essentially, this article addresses the question “How can instruction and discourse in this setting he framed in order to provide opportunities for language learning and cognitive development for its participants?” Research in the area of literature‐based L2 classrooms is reviewed before explaining and clarifying the elements involved during traditional text‐based talk. ALL2E is clearly defined and differentiated from current approaches within literature‐based L2 classrooms.
Foreign Language Education, Academic Performance, and Socioeconomic Status: A Study of California Schools
Authors: Sung Hyekyung , Padilla Amado M. , Silva Duarte M.
Published: January 2009

This study examines various features oj foreign language program offerings at 220 public high schools in California. Foreign language program features were examined in relation to the school's Academic Performance Index (API), the school's socioeconomic status (percentage of students eligible for free or reduced‐price lunch), and percentage of English language learners (ELLs). High API ranking high schools reported a larger percentage of students enrolled in foreign language classes, more foreign language teachers, fewer emergency‐credentialed teachers, more feeder middle school foreign language programs, more study abroad and foreign exchange programs, and more technology use in foreign language teaching. However, these relationships were not found in low socioeconomic schools and schools with larger numbers of ELLs. Foreign language educators can use the findings to offer recommendations to school administrators, policymakers, and professional organizations about ways to improve the teaching oj foreign languages in secondary schools regardless of students' socioeconomic status or the growing population oj ELLs.
An Algorithmic Approach to Error Correction: An Empirical Study
Authors: Chan Alice Y. W.
Published: January 2009

This article reports on the results of a research study that investigated the effectiveness of using an algorithmic approach to error correction to help Hong Kong English‐as‐a‐second‐language (ESL) learners overcome persistent lexico‐grammatical problems. Ten error types were selected for the experiment, and one set of remedial instructional materials was designed for each error type. The materials were implemented with more than 450 students at both secondary and tertiary levels. Pretests, posttests, and delayed posttests were administered to test the effectiveness of the approach, and a plenary review meeting was organized to gather feedback. The results showed that the approach was versatile and effective and that the students showed significant improvements for the items taught. It is argued that form‐focused remedial instruction is effective in enhancing learners' language accuracy in their second language (L2) output.
Theory Meets Practice: A Case Study of Preservice World Language Teachers in U.S. Secondary Schools
Authors: Burke Brigid M.
Published: January 2009

This case study looked at the transition of preservice teachers from world language education methods courses at a major U.S. university to a 5‐week field experience in secondary school classrooms. Data included lesson plans and self‐critiques of two lessons implemented during the field experience, world language teaching philosophies the preservice teachers wrote, e‐mail correspondence between the preservice teachers and their supervisor reflecting on the field experience, a final reflection paper, and responses to an open‐ended survey after completion of the field experience. Analysis of the data served to identify three teacher profiles: the communicative (CLT) teacher, the grammar‐translation teacher, and the hybrid teacher (a mix of the two other profiles). The article concludes with discussion of the findings and their implications for university methods courses, field experiences, and professional development.
CLUSTER AND SHELL STRUCTURES IN THE FERMIONIC MOLECULAR DYNAMICS APPROACH
Authors: NEFF THOMAS , FELDMEIER HANS
Published: January 2009

Nuclei in the p- and sd-shell are studied within the Fermionic Molecular Dynamics (FMD) model that uses Gaussian wave packets as single-particle states. Intrinsic many-body basis states are given by Slater determinants which have to be projected on parity, angular momentum and total linear momentum to restore the symmetries of the Hamiltonian. The flexibility of the Gaussian basis allows to economically describe states with shell structures as well as states featuring clustering or halos. The same effective interaction derived from the realistic Argonne V18 interaction in the Unitary Correlation Operator Method (UCOM) framework is used for all nuclei. We discuss the spectrum of 12 C with a special emphasis on the structure of the first excited 0+ state, the famous Hoyle state. In the FMD approach the Hoyle state is found to be dominated by dilute α-cluster configurations. Recent measurements of the charge radii of Neon isotopes show an intriguing behaviour. This can be explained in FMD calculations by a structure change from 17 Ne and 18 Ne which can be essentially considered as an 15 O or 16 O core plus two protons in s2 or d2 configurations, respectively. For the heavier isotopes we find that the admixture of 3 He and 4 He cluster configurations in the ground states leads to much larger charge radii than obtained in a mean-field calculation.
MOLECULAR RESONANCES IN THE 28Si+28Si SYSTEM
Authors: UEGAKI E. , ABE Y.
Published: January 2009

Molecular model developed for resonances observed in medium light heavy-ion collisions is described briefly. At high spins, a stable di-nuclear configuration is found to be equator-equator touching one. Energy spectrum of the normal modes around the equilibrium is shown. These modes are expected to be the origin of the large number of resonances observed. Theoretical analyses for the angular distributions and angular correlations are given and compared with recent experiment performed in Strasbourg.
RESONANT RADIATIVE CAPTURE AND MOLECULAR STATES IN 24Mg AND 28Si
Authors: LEBHERTZ D. , COURTIN S. , HAAS F. , SALSAC M.-D. , BECK C. , MICHALON A. , ROUSSEAU M. , JENKINS D. G. , MARLEY P. L. , GLOVER R. G. , KENT P. E. , HUTCHEON D. A. , DAVIS C. , PEARSON J. E.
Published: January 2009

The radiative capture process of the 12 C +12 C and 12 C +16 O reactions has been studied using the very selective 0° Dragon spectrometer at Triumf and its associated BGO γ-array. The experiments have been performed at energies around the Coulomb barrier where resonances in the process have been reported. Our results show previously unobserved γ-decay to doorway states in the 24 Mg and 28 Si respectively around 10 to 12 MeV. The nature of the states is discussed and two scenarii are proposed.
CLUSTER STATES IN13CAND11B
Authors: KAWABATA T. , SASAMOTO Y. , MAEDA Y. , SAKAGUCHI S. , SHIMIZU Y. , SUDA K. , UESAKA T. , FUJIWARA M. , HASHIMOTO H. , HATANAKA K. , KAWASE K. , MATSUBARA H. , NAKANISHI K. , TAMESHIGE Y. , TAMII A. , ITOH K. , ITOH M. , YOSHIDA H. P. , KANADA-EN'YO Y. , UCHIDA M.
Published: January 2009

The cluster structures of the excited states in11B and13C were discussed by measuring the isoscalar monopole strengths in the inelastic α scattering at Eα= 388 MeV . It was found that the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] states in13C are candidates for the α cluster states with a 3α + n molecular configuration.
THE DESCRIPTION OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURES WITH THE BRUECKNER-AMD
Authors: TOGASHI TOMOAKI , MURAKAMI TAKAOMI , KATŌ KIYOSHI
Published: January 2009

We propose a new approach of the Brueckner-AMD that makes the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) calculations possible with realistic nuclear forces. In this method, we solve the Bethe-Goldstone equation and calculate the G-matrix for every nucleon pair described by wave packets of AMD. In addition, we calculate the G-matrix in the spin and parity projection correctly using the two-body correlation functions derived from the solutions of the Bethe-Goldstone equation. We report the results of applications to light nuclei with the Brueckner-AMD plus the spin and parity projection.
SEARCH FOR DILUTE NUCLEAR STATES IN 12C AND 16O
Authors: FREER MARTIN
Published: January 2009

The experimental evidence for dilute α-particle states in 12 C and 16 O is discussed. The question of the location of the 2+ excitation of the 7.65 MeV 12 C state remains unresolved. It is proposed that the 17.1 and 17.5 MeV 2+ excited states in 16 O may correspond to the excitation of the α-particle 4α gas state.
CLUSTER STATES AND ALPHA PARTICLE CONDENSATION IN 13C
Authors: YAMADA TAIICHI , FUNAKI YASURO
Published: January 2009

The structure of 13 C is studied with the semi-microscopic cluster model, 3α+n orthogonality condition model (OCM). The energy spectra of four 1/2- states and three 1/2+ states up to Ex ~ 13 MeV are successfully reproduced, in particular, three monopole transition strengths are in fair agreement with the observed ones. We discuss the cluster states and alpha particle condensation in the 1/2± states appearing around the 12 C +n, 9 Be +α and 3α+n thresholds.
TRIONIC AND QUARTETTING PHASES IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL MULTICOMPONENT ULTRACOLD FERMIONS
Authors: LECHEMINANT P. , AZARIA P. , BOULAT E. , CAPPONI S. , ROUX G. , WHITE S. R.
Published: January 2009

We investigate the possible formation of a molecular condensate, which might be, for instance, the analogue of the alpha condensate of nuclear physics, in the context of multicomponent cold atoms fermionic systems. A simple paradigmatic model of N-component fermions with contact interactions loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied by means of low-energy and numerical approaches. For attractive interaction, a quasi-long-range molecular superfluid phase, formed from bound-states made of N fermions, emerges at low density. We show that trionic and quartetting phases, respectively for N = 3,4, extend in a large domain of the phase diagram and are robust against small symmetry-breaking perturbations.
STUDY OF "CONDENSATE" STATES IN 12C AND 16O BY INELASTIC SCATTERING
Authors: DEMYANOVA A. S. , OGLOBLIN A. A. , GONCHAROV S. A. , BELYAEVA T. L.
Published: January 2009

Study of some properties of the lowest states of 12 C , including the second 0+, 7.65 MeV (Hoyle) state by inelastic scattering of alpha-particles and 3 He were carried out. Two independent methods of measuring the radii of the short-lived excited states based on the analysis of diffraction and rainbow patterns of the angular distributions were proposed. Both methods showed that Hoyle state radius is by factor ~ 1.2 – 1.3 larger than that of the ground state. 8 Be transfer reaction was identified. The probability of L = 0 configuration in Hoyle state occurred to be 3 times larger than in the ground state indicating to the significant presence of condensate configuration in the former one.
ALPHA-CLUSTERS IN N=Z NUCLEI AND COHERENT EMISSION OF 2α- and 3α-CLUSTERS FROM EXCITED COMPOUND NUCLEI
Authors: VON OERTZEN WOLFRAM
Published: January 2009

Conditions for a phase change with the formation of an α-particle condensate in excited N = Z nuclei, a dilute Bose-Gas, are discussed for excitation energies around EBα = 0, These are second order phase transitions in a mixed gas of Fermions and Bosons. The de-Broglie wavelength of relative motion for α-particles in these states is much larger then the nuclear radii. The experimental observation of the decay of such condensed α-particle states is proposed, with the coherent emission of several correlated α-particles, a decay not described by the Hauser-Feshbach approach for statistical compound nucleus decay. Examples of such observations with the enhanced emission of unbound resonances of 8 Be and [Formula: see text] — clusters are discussed. The experiments involved the ISIS-GASP-detection systems at the Laboratorii Nationale di Legnaro.
FORMULATION OF ALPHA-PARTICLE CONDENSATION IN THE MACROSCOPIC LIMIT
Authors: SCHUCK P.
Published: January 2009

Following closely BCS theory for pairs, an eventually viable theory for α-particle condensation (quartetting) is sketched. In the final formula the quartet wave function is replaced by a Slater determinant projected on good total momentum. The only variational field is then the single particle 0S wave function. This should reduce the numerical complexity to solve the quartet equations considerably.
EXOTIC CLUSTERING IN NUCLEI WITH N ≈ Z, A > 100
Authors: OGLOBLIN A. A.
Published: January 2009

Nuclei with N = Z heavier than 100 Sn were not identified until now. Meanwhile, they can demonstrate some new unusual features, e.g. the existing of alpha-particle skin, the appearance of a new domain of cluster radioactivity and the most aspiring one, alpha-particle Bose condensate.
CLUSTER FORMATION AND THE NUCLEAR MATTER EQUATION OF STATE
Authors: RÖPKE GERD
Published: January 2009

Bound state formation is considered in nuclear matter within the frame of many-particle theory. Medium effects such as self-energy and Pauli blocking will modify the single-particle properties as well as the cluster properties. Consequences for the composition, the formation of quantum condensates and the symmetry energy are given.
NEW INSIGHT ON THE CHAIN STATES AND BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE IN LIGHT NUCLEI
Authors: TORILOV S. YU. , GRIDNEV K. A. , GREINER W.
Published: January 2009

The simple alpha-cluster model was used for the consideration of the chain states and Bose-Einstein condensation in the light self-conjugated nuclei. Obtained results were compared with predictions of the shell-model for the deformed nuclei, with calculations based on Gross-Pitaevskii equation and with recent experimental results.
NUCLEAR PAIRING AT FINITE TEMPERATURE AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Authors: DANG N. DINH , HUNG N. QUANG
Published: January 2009

An approach is proposed to nuclear pairing at finite temperature and angular momentum, which includes the effects of the quasiparticle-number fluctuation and dynamic coupling to pair vibrations within the self-consistent quasiparticle random-phase approximation. The numerical calculations of pairing gaps, total energies, and heat capacities are carried out within a doubly folded multilevel model as well as several realistic nuclei. The results obtained show that, in the region of moderate and strong couplings, the sharp transition between the superconducting and normal phases is smoothed out, causing a thermal pairing gap, which does not collapse at a critical temperature predicted by the conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer's (BCS) theory, but has a tail extended to high temperatures. The theory also predicts the appearance of a thermally assisted pairing in hot rotating nuclei.
PRESENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES IN NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS STUDIES OF THE 12C(α,γ)16O REACTION
Authors: LEFEBVRE-SCHUHL A.
Published: January 2009

Present status of the 12 C (α,γ)16 O cross section knowledge at stellar helium-core burning temperature is presented. Its consequences on the reaction rate uncertainties are discussed considering available models to extrapolate experimental results down to stellar helium-core burning temperature. Some experimental perspectives to reach the desired precision at stellar temperatures are described.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE 12C(α,γ)16OE2 CROSS SECTION
Authors: DUFOUR MARIANNE , DESCOUVEMONT PIERRE
Published: January 2009

The E2 component of the 12 C (α,γ)16 O cross section is investigated in three ways: by a microscopic cluster model, by R-matrix fits and by a combination of both. The microscopic calculation leads to an estimate of the S-factor at a typical energy of 300 keV of SE2(300 keV )≈ 50 keV-b for ground-state transitions. Cascade transitions to the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] excited states of 16 O are also studied. Then the S-factor is analyzed in the phenomenological R-matrix theory. We show that the background term plays a crucial role, and cannot be determined without ambiguity. Consequently only an upper limit on the extrapolated S-factor can be obtained [SE2(300 keV )< 190 keV-b ]. Finally, we use the microscopic Asymptotic Normalization Constant (ANC) of the [Formula: see text] level, well known to be a cluster state to constrain the R-matrix analysis. This procedure strongly reduces the uncertainties on the R-matrix fits, and we end up with a recommended value of SE2(300 keV ) = 42 ± 2 keV-b .
STUDIES OF 12C USING β-DECAYS
Authors: HYLDEGAARD S. , FYNBO H. O. U. , RIISAGER K. , BRANDENBURG S. , DENDOOVEN P. , JUNGMANN K. , ONDERWATER C. J. G. , ROGACHEVSKIY A. , SOHANI M. , TRAYKOV E. , WILSCHUT H. W. , BÜSCHER J. , HUYSE M. , RAABE R. , ALCORTA M. , BORGE M. J. G. , MADURGA M. , TENGBLAD O. , DIGET C. A. A. , FULTON B. R. , JOKINEN A. S. , PERAJÄRVI K. , SAASTAMOINEN A. , ÄYSTÖ J. , JONSON B. , NYMAN G.
Published: January 2009

The nuclear structure of states in 12 C have been a subject of interest for both theory and experiment since the early days of nuclear physics. Many open questions remain, especially concerning the existence and properties of 0+ and 2+ states in the triple alpha continuum. A series of experiments have been performed using β-decay of 12 N and 12 B to probe these states. The latest experiment was performed at KVI using an implantation method, measuring the sum energy of the three α-particles directly. Preliminary results from this experiment will be presented.
ASTROPHYSICAL S-FACTOR FOR 16O+16O WITHIN THE ADIABATIC MOLECULAR PICTURE
Authors: DIAZ-TORRES ALEXIS , GASQUES LEANDRO ROMERO , WIESCHER MICHAEL
Published: January 2009

The astrophysical S -factor for 16 O +16 O is investigated within the adiabatic molecular picture. It very well explains the available experimental data. The collective radial mass causes a pronounced resonant structure in the S -factor excitation function, providing a motivation for measuring the 16 O +16 O fusion cross section at deep sub-barrier energies
CLUSTERING PHENOMENA IN SUPERHEAVY NUCLEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: ZAGREBAEV VALERY , GREINER WALTER
Published: January 2009

Dynamics of heavy-ion low energy damped collisions is studied within the model based on the Langevin type equations. Shell effects on the multi-dimensional potential energy surface play an important role in these reactions. This leads to several local minima on the fission path of heavy nucleus — so called isomeric states which are nothing else but the two-cluster configurations with magic or semi-magic cores surrounded with a certain number of shared nucleons. In a giant nuclear system (formed, for example, in U + U collision) the three-body clustering configurations may also appear. Enhanced yield of the nuclides far from the projectile and target masses was found in the multi-nucleon transfer reactions due to the shell effects. It suggests that the low-energy damped collisions of transactinide nuclei may be used as an alternative way for the production of surviving superheavy long-living neutron-rich nuclei.
FUSION-FISSION OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI AND CLUSTERING PHENOMENA
Authors: ITKIS M. G. , KNYAZHEVA G. N. , KOZULIN E. M.
Published: January 2009

Mass and energy distributions of binary fragments are discussed for a wide range of nuclei with Z = 82–122 produced in reactions induced by 12 C , 16 O , 26 Mg , 48 Ca , 50 Ti , 58 Fe , 64 Ni and 86 Kr ions at energies close and below the Coulomb barrier. It is found that clustering phenomena have a great influence on the formation of the reaction products for fusion-fission and quasifission processes.
BINARY AND TERNARY EMISSION FROM SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI
Authors: GHERGHESCU RADU A. , POENARU DORIN N. , GREINER WALTER
Published: January 2009

The two center shell model is used to calculate the level scheme transition from the superheavy parent nucleus to the emitted cluster plus the daughter nucleus. The three center shell model is also employed to compute the transition toward eventual three equal fragment partition from the superheavy nuclei. The levels are used to compute the shell corrections within the Strutinsky method. The liquid drop part is calculated using the Yukawa-plus-exponential model. The total deformation energy is then minimized over a multidimensional space of deformation. Dynamics is completed with the Werner-Wheeler tensor calculation, and cluster emission paths for binary and ternary splitting is obtained for Z = 120 isotopes.
OBSERVATION OF THE COLLINEAR MULTI-BODY DECAYS IN THE REACTION 238U+4He (40 MEV)
Authors:   for FOBOS and HENDES collaborations, PYATKOV YU.
Published: January 2009

Two different modes of the multibody collinear decay from the reaction 238 U +4 He (40 MeV ) are discussed. Basing on the masses of three detected fragments one can come to conclusion that the decaying system in each mode looks like a chain consisting of two or three magic clusters respectively. Some of the clusters involved undergo "second" clusterisation in the scission point leading to formation of dinuclear molecules. These latter can disintegrate via inelastic scattering on the materials on the flight path.
SEARCH FOR A LONG LIVING GIANT SYSTEM IN 238U+238U COLLISIONS NEAR THE COULOMB BARRIER
Authors: GOLABEK C. , VILLARI A. C. C. , HEINZ S. , MITTIG W. , BHATTACHARYYA S. , BOILLEY D. , DE FRANCE G. , DROUART A. , GAUDEFROY L. , GIOT L. , MARCHIX A. , MASLOV V. , MORJEAN M. , MUKHERJEE G. , NAVIN A. , PENIONZKEVICH YU. , REJMUND F. , REJMUND M. , ROUSSEL-CHOMAZ P. , STODEL C.
Published: January 2009

We searched for a long-living component in the collision of 238U+238U between 6.09 A and 7.35 A MeV. The experiment was performed at GANIL using the spectrometer VAMOS, tuned for observing reactions with kinematics similar to quasi-fission events. Theoretical calculations indicate that reactions with strong energy dissipation and a large number of transferred nucleons are correlated to a time delay in the decay of the giant system. We detected events of such type in the focal plane of VAMOS. These events present an excitation function increasing with bombarding energy.
TWO-PROTON RADIOACTIVITY: TRACKING 2He EMISSION
Authors: GIOVINAZZO J.
Published: January 2009

Two proton radioactivity has been observed experimentally in the decay of 45 Fe and 54 Zn , and possibly of 48 Ni . These first experiments only allowed for a limited comparison with theory: T1/2 and Q2P values. Experimental efforts have been achieved to measure dynamical observables in order to perform a more detailed study of the decay mechanism. Time projection chambers have been developped by groups of Bordeaux and Warsaw, and were successfully used at GANIL and MSU: those devices allowed for a first direct observation of the individual protons in the 2-proton radioactivity of 45 Fe , and a first estimate of correlations of these protons.
THREE AND FOUR-BODY BREAKUP REACTIONS
Authors: BAYE DANIEL
Published: January 2009

Breakup reactions provide spectroscopic information on exotic nuclei. Coulomb breakup indirectly measures the astrophysical S factor for radiative-capture reactions. The validity of first-order perturbation theory is limited for extended systems such as halo nuclei. More elaborate reaction models are necessary: semi-classical time-dependent Schrödinger equation, eikonal and dynamical eikonal approximations, continuum-discretized coupled-channel method. Breakup experiments do not provide much information on the structure of a two-cluster halo nucleus but accurate exclusive experiments should be more interesting for three-cluster nuclei.
ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES FOR DICLUSTER NUCLEI 7Li AND 7Be
Authors: MASON A. , CHATTERJEE R. , FORTUNATO L. , VITTURI A.
Published: January 2009

We apply here the dicluster model to the evaluation of static properties of 7 Li and 7 Be (e.g.magnetic dipole moment) as well as electromagnetic response to the continuum (in particular E1, E2 and M1). We use Energy Weighted Molecular Sum Rules (EWMSR) to check our calculations and we derive a new expression for the M1 EWMSR. The response functions are then used to evaluate the S -factor for reactions of astrophysical importance, achieving a good agreement.
GENERALIZED OPTICAL POTENTIAL OF LIGHT WEAKLY BOUND CLUSTER NUCLEI
Authors: DENIKIN A. S. , ZAGREBAEV V. I. , DESCOUVEMONT P.
Published: January 2009

A generalized optical potential for elastic scattering induced by light weakly bound nuclei is calculated within the Feshbach projection operator method. The model explicitly takes into account the contribution of the projectile break-up continuum treated within a microscopic cluster model. The model is tested on deuteron and 6Lielastic scattering by different targets at intermediate energies. The optical potentials are then calculated for the 6 He(230 MeV) +12Creaction treating the projectile nuclei within two (α + 2n) and three (α + n + n) cluster models. The differences are analyzed.
STUDY OF QUASI-FREE SCATTERING OF PROTONS BY CLUSTERS OF 6He HALO NUCLEUS
Authors: BELOVITSKY G. , KONOBEEVSKI E. , STEPANOV A. , ZAVARZINA V. , ZUYEV S. , LUKYANOV S. , SOBOLEV YU.
Published: January 2009

To investigate the structure of two-neutron halo we propose an experimental method of studying neutron-neutron correlations by measuring reactions induced by halo projectile in nuclear photoemulsions. The obtained preliminary data on interaction of halo nucleus 6 He with hydrogen are compared with results of simple kinematical calculations for the reaction of quasi-free scattering of proton by the clusters existing in halo nucleus 6 He .
PECULIARITIES OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS INDUCED BY 6He AND 6Li NUCLEI NEAR THE COULOMB BARRIER
Authors: PENIONZHKEVICH YU. E. , KALPAKCHIEVA R. , KULKO A. A. , LUKYANOV S. M. , MASLOV V. A. , SKOBELEV N. K.
Published: January 2009

Excitation functions for evaporation residues in the reactions 206,208 Pb (6,4 He,2n 210 Po , as well as for the transfer reactions in the interaction of 6 He and 6 Li projectiles with Au and Pt were measured at the energies near the Coulomb barrier. Studied reactions were characterized by an increase in the cross-section compared to statistical model calculations.
BREAKUP AND TRANSFER EFFECTS ON NEAR-BARRIER 6He + 208Pb ELASTIC SCATTERING
Authors: KEELEY N.
Published: January 2009

Breakup couplings are known to have important effects on the near-barrier elastic scattering of 6 He . However, the (6 He ,5 He ) single neutron stripping has also been found to have a significant coupling effect, although in calculations that did not include breakup. We firstly present calculations for the 6 He + 208 Pb system that include both breakup and single neutron stripping at 22 and 27 MeV to confirm that the significant stripping coupling effect persists in the presence of breakup couplings. We then compare separate calculations including transfer couplings only with recent elastic scattering data at incident 6 He energies of 14, 16, 18, 22 and 27 MeV. We also include in an approximate way the two-neutron stripping reaction in an attempt to gain some qualitative insight into the possible coupling effects of this other important near-barrier reaction channel.
LYAPUNOV FUNCTION AND GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF VIRUS DYNAMICS WITH CTL IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: WANG XIA , TAO YOUDE
Published: January 2009

The stability of infections disease model with CTL immune response in vivo is considered in this paper. Explicit Lyapunov functions for our dynamics model with CTL immune response with nonlinear incidence of the form βVqTpfor the case q ≤ 1 are introduced, and global properties of the model are thereby established.
COMPETITION BETWEEN TWO MICROORGANISMS IN THE CHEMOSTAT WITH GENERAL VARIABLE YIELDS AND GENERAL GROWTH RATES
Authors: LUO JIANMEI , YUAN SANLING , ZHANG WEIGUO
Published: January 2009

A model of competition between two organisms in the chemostat is studied in this paper, where it is assumed that the yield coefficients and growth rates are general functions of the nutrient concentration. We give a characterization of the outcome of this competition in terms of the relevant parameters in hyperbolic cases: conditions of the existence and local stability of the rest points are obtained, and the global asymptotic behavior of the solutions is analyzed. In contrast to the corresponding model with constant yields rate, it is demonstrated that the variability of the yield coefficient may lead to oscillatory coexistence of two microorganisms in continuous culture.
GLOBAL STABILITY OF A CHEMOSTAT MODEL WITH DELAYED RESPONSE IN GROWTH AND A LETHAL EXTERNAL INHIBITOR
Authors: LU ZHIQI , WU JINGJING
Published: January 2009

A competition model between two species with a lethal inhibitor in a chemostat is analyzed. Discrete delays are used to describe the nutrient conversion process. The proved qualitative properties of the solution are positivity, boundedness. By analyzing the local stability of equilibria, it is found that the conditions for stability and instability of the boundary equilibria are similar to those in [9]. In addition, the global asymptotic behavior of the system is discussed and the sufficient conditions for the global stability of the boundary equilibria are obtained. Moreover, by numerical simulation, it is interesting to find that the positive equilibrium may be globally stable.
Evidence for panmixia despite barriers to gene flow in the southern African endemic, Caffrogobius caffer (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: Neethling Marlene , Matthee Conrad A , Bowie Rauri CK , von der Heyden Sophie
Published: January 2009

Background

Oceanography and life-history characteristics are known to influence the genetic structure of marine species, however the relative role that these factors play in shaping phylogeographic patterns remains unresolved. The population genetic structure of the endemic, rocky shore dwellingCaffrogobius cafferwas investigated across a known major oceanographic barrier, Cape Agulhas, which has previously been shown to strongly influence genetic structuring of South African rocky shore and intertidal marine organisms. Given the variable and dynamic oceanographical features of the region, we further sought to test how the pattern of gene flow betweenC. cafferpopulations is affected by the dominant Agulhas and Benguela current systems of the southern oceans.

Results

The variable 5' region of the mtDNA control region was amplified for 242 individuals from ten localities spanning the distributional range ofC. caffer. Fifty-five haplotypes were recovered and in stark contrast to previous phylogeographic studies of South African marine species,C. caffershowed no significant population genetic structuring along 1300 km of coastline. The parsimony haplotype network, AMOVA and SAMOVA analyses revealed panmixia. Coalescent analyses reveal that gene flow inC. cafferis strongly asymmetrical and predominantly affected by the Agulhas Current. Notably, there was no gene flow between the east coast and all other populations, although all other analyses detect no significant population structure, suggesting a recent divergence. The mismatch distribution suggests thatC. cafferunderwent a population expansion at least 14 500 years ago.

Conclusion

We propose several possible life-history adaptations that could have enabledC. cafferto maintain gene flow across its distributional range, including a long pelagic larval stage. We have shown that life-history characteristics can be an important contributing factor to the phylogeography of marine species and that the effects of oceanography do not necessarily suppress its influence on effective dispersal.