bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Growing Landscape of NAFLD-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Impact in Surveillance
Authors: Machado Mariana Verdelho
Published: August 2023

Liver cancer is globally the third leading cause of death from cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in patients with underlying liver disease. The fraction of HCC attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows an accelerated increase in the last decades, being already responsible for 15% of all HCC cases. Similar to other causes of liver cirrhosis, patients with NAFLD-associated cirrhosis should be enrolled in HCC-screening programs, yet these patients are under-screened, and currently are less than half likely to be proposed for HCC screening as compared to patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis. NAFLD-associated HCC has the peculiarity of occurring in precirrhotic phases in 20–50% of the cases. Currently, HCC screening in precirrhotic NAFLD patients is not routinely recommended, since the risk of developing HCC is very low. However, because NAFLD affects one-third of the worldwide population, noncirrhotic NAFLD already accounts for 6% of HCC cases. As such, it is pressing to develop stratification tools, in order to personalize the individual risk of HCC development in a patient with NAFLD, allowing precision HCC-screening programs. This review summarizes the epidemiology of NAFLD-associated HCC with a critical analysis of current HCC-screening recommendations.
Medium and large sized mammals and the effect of habitat heterogeneity from a Caatinga shrubby forest at Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Beltrão-Mendes Raone , Canassa Nathália Fernandes , Fernandes-Ferreira Hugo , Campos Bruno Augusto Torres Parahyba
Published: August 2023

In xeric environments, such as Caatinga Biome, habitat characteristics such as phytophysiognomy type and presence of water bodies can represent higher resource availability. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of phytophysiognomies and presence of water bodies in the abundance and community structure of medium and large mammal species (MLM) in the Serra de Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Brazil. To evaluate these variables we conduct an effort of 373 camera-trap days, between August 2012 and November 2014. We recorded 12 MLM species, distributed in six orders and 11 families. From those, Kerodon rupestris is the only one listed in the Brazilian List of Threatened Fauna. Regarding the habitat, the Mann-Whitney showed a significant higher frequency to the Shrubby habitat and the ANOSIM showed no shifts in the community structure between Arboreal and Shrubby. Concerning the presence of water bodies, both the Mann-Whitney and the ANOSIM showed significant higher frequency to the habitat with water presence. We observed that both phytophysiognomy and water bodies are important variables which affect mainly the abundance of mammalian species from semiarid environments. Nonetheless, whereas the forest remnants get smaller the existence of water bodies becomes a preponderant factor to the MLM species and its community structure.
Promotion of ultra-processed foods in Brazil: combined use of claims and promotional features on packaging
Authors: Andrade Giovanna Calixto , Mais Laís Amaral , Ricardo Camila Zancheta , Duran Ana Clara , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE: To assess the availability of different promotional strategies applied for UPF sales in Brazilian food retailers. METHODS: Information available on food packaging was gathered from all packaged products sold in the five largest food retail chains in Brazil in 2017. UPF were identified using the NOVA food classification system. From this sample, data related to promotional characteristics, nutrition claims and health claims were collected and coded using the INFORMAS methodology. Additional claims referring to the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines were also collected. RESULTS: This study evaluated the packaging of 2,238 UPF, of which 59.8% presented at least one promotional strategy. Almost one third denoted a simultaneous use of different promotional strategies in the same packaging. Nutrition claims were the most commonly found promotional strategy, followed by health claims and the use of characters. The food subgroups comprising the highest prevalence of promotional strategies on their labels were: noncaloric sweeteners (100.0%), breakfast cereals and granola bars (96.2%), juices, nectars and fruit-flavoured drinks (92.9%), other unsweetened beverages (92.9%), and other sweetened beverages (92.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the poor nutritional quality of UPF, the widespread presence of promotional features on their packaging highlights the need for marketing restrictions on this kind of product.
Utilización de dos modelos en la atención al aborto en Argentina pre-Ley 27.610: 2016–2019
Authors: Atienzo Erika E. , Grosso Belén , Zurbriggen Ruth , Zambrano David , Vivas María , Keefe-Oates Brianna , Gerdts Caitlin , Wollum Alexandra
Published: August 2023

OBJETIVO: Explorar la utilización de dos modelos para la atención al aborto en Argentina en el período 2016-2019: abortos con proveedores de servicios médicos privados proderechos y abortos acompañados (vía autogestión y vía instituciones de salud); y comparar el perfil de quiénes acceden a estos modelos y cuándo. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos datos de sistematizaciones de colectivas de acompañamiento en Socorristas en Red y de proveedores de servicios privados. Estimamos tasas anuales de abortos mediante estos servicios y comparamos el perfil de las poblaciones por tipo de servicio y edad gestacional (2019) utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y prueba Chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS: En el 2016, 37 personas por cada 100.000 mujeres en edad reproductiva obtuvieron abortos acompañados vía autogestión, aumentando a 111 por 100.000 en 2019, es decir, se triplicó. La tasa de abortos con proveedores fue de 18 por 100.000 en 2016 y de 33 en 2019. Mayor proporción de quienes acudieron con proveedores tenía 30 años o más y mayor proporción de personas acompañadas tenía 19 años o menos; el 11% de quienes obtuvieron abortos acompañados vía autogestión tenía más de 12 semanas de gestación en comparación con el 7% entre quienes tuvieron abortos acompañados vía instituciones de salud y el 0,2% entre quienes abortaron con proveedores. Una mayor proporción de quienes accedieron a abortos acompañados después de 12 semanas de gestación tenía menor nivel educativo, no trabajaban ni tenían cobertura de obra social, y habían tenido más embarazos e intentado interrumpir su embarazo comparando con quienes abortaron acompañadas a las 12 semanas o antes. CONCLUSIONES: En Argentina existen modelos de atención que han garantizado el acceso a abortos seguros desde antes de la Ley 27.610. Es importante continuar visibilizando y legitimando estos modelos para que todas las personas que deciden abortar, dentro o fuera de instituciones de salud, tengan experiencias seguras y positivas.
Large, Wide‐Neck, Side‐Wall Aneurysm Treatment in Canines Using NeuroCURE: A Novel Liquid Embolic
Authors: Merritt William C. , Norris Nicholas , Robertson Sophia , Preul Mark C. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Becker Timothy A.
Published: August 2023

Background

Untreated intracranial aneurysms can rupture and result in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although there are numerous approved endovascular aneurysm treatment devices, most require dual anti‐platelet therapy, are minimally biocompatible, or are prone to recanalization. Neurovascular Controlled Uniform Rapid Embolic (NeuroCURE) is an innovative polymer gel material with long‐term stability, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility developed for the treatment of large, wide‐neck aneurysms.

Methods

Sidewall aneurysms were surgically created in 10 canines and NeuroCURE was injected through a 0.025 microcatheter under a single balloon inflation period. Aneurysm treatment was angiographically assessed post‐embolization and pre‐term with Raymond–Roy occlusion classification and a qualitative flow grade scale. Aneurysm neck stability and biocompatibility was histologically assessed to grade platelet/fibrin thrombus, percent endothelialization, and neointimal formation. Aneurysm sac stability was assessed by NeuroCURE sac content, inflammation, and neo‐angiogenesis scales.

Results

Explanted aneurysms exhibited a smooth surface at the aneurysm neck with nearly complete neointimal coverage at 3‐months. By 6‐months, neck endothelialization was 100% in all animals (average Raymond–Roy occlusion classification of 1.2), with no instances of aneurysm recanalization or parent vessel flow compromise. Biocompatibility assessments verified a lack of inflammatory response, neo‐angiogenesis, and platelet/fibrin thrombus formation.

Conclusion

The NeuroCURE material promotes progressive occlusion of wide‐necked side wall aneurysms over time without the need for dual antiplatelet agents. NeuroCURE also promotes neointimal tissue infill without dependence on thrombus formation and thus resists aneurysm recanalization. NeuroCURE remains a compelling investigational device for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Luminous skins: Costume as a Central Element of a Swarm-Based Scenography
Authors: Hrga Iztok
Published: August 2023

Luminous skins are interactive, light-costume hybrids that reimagine the boundaries of the performers’ physical bodies, broadcast their feelings, and alter their environment. The costumes are the central element of a performance that requires no stage space, no fixed lighting, no wall outlets, and no lighting technicians. The performers manage to dance through the darkness with the light they wear. The costumes are equipped with sensors and actuators that communicate wirelessly in real time with other scenographic elements. Together, they form a swarm-based scenography that involves close coordination between the performers and responsive technology to create visually dynamic and immersive atmospheres.
Proceedings of the 2022 XVI International Conference On Ephemeroptera and XX International Symposium On Plecoptera (Cover)
Authors: DEWALT R. EDWARD , BURIAN STEVEN K.
Published: July 2023

Proceedings of the 2022 XVI International Conference On Ephemeroptera and XX International Symposium On Plecoptera (Cover)
Riparian forests as dispersal corridors for adult European mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies (EPTs)
Authors: ARCE ANDRÉS PEREDO , KAIL JOCHEM , SCHLETTERER MARTIN
Published: July 2023

Metacommunity theory connects the diversity patterns of the community across the landscape with the effects of ecological processes. As dispersal is one of the main factors driving the metacommunity structure, it is important to understand the interaction between landscape and dispersal to apply metacommunity theory. Herein, we summarize the main challenges of applying metacommunity theory to the mayfly, stonefly and caddisfly community (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, or EPTs). Then, we attempt to solve some of the open questions regarding EPT dispersal and its relation with riparian forests. First, we investigate the diversity of functional dispersal traits of the European EPT species, analysing the existing empirical data and selecting a suitable functional index. Second, we assess the effect of riparian forest in landscape connectivity for EPTs, concluding that deciduous riparian forest can enhance dispersal. Third, we extend the study to four European regions, concluding that the role of native riparian forest as dispersal corridor differs between regions. We achieved three goals: First, we produced a theoretical and methodological framework to include dispersal in the study of EPT metacommunity, highlighting the role of riparian forest as a dispersal corridor. Second, we identify several aspects that require further investigation such as empirical dispersal studies or interactions between ecological stressors and dispersal. Third, we provide a new perspective for riverine and riparian ecosystems management, highlighting the need to consider riparian buffers as an integral part of the riverine ecosystems.
Boris Carl Kondratieff, a Lifetime of Scholarship and Service to Aquatic Entomology
Authors: DEWALT R. EDWARD
Published: July 2023

It is with great sadness that I share with you the death of Dr. Boris Carl Kondratieff (30 April 1954 to 14 August 2022) (Fig. 1). Boris was a 35 year employee of Colorado State University (CSU). He served as Director of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, a collection of nearly 3.5 million specimens, most of which were amassed after his hire in 1986. He taught many courses at CSU and they were nearly always filled to capacity. Boris served as advisor for some 50 master’s and PhD students. He was highly sought after for graduate committees. His students conducted many high-quality research projects on the taxonomy, biogeography, and ecology of aquatic insects. In later years he collaborated with such luminaries of aquatic ecology as N. LeRoy Poff and James V. Ward, both of CSU.
Socioecological Perspectives of Resilience Among Arab and Middle Eastern Migrants
Authors: Alshabani Nuha , Speight Suzette L. , Soto Samsara I. , Koskey Kristin L. K. , Behrman Carolyn
Published: August 2023

This phenomenological study explored the lived experience of resilience among Arab and Middle Eastern migrants living in the United States through a socioecological framework. Nineteen first- and second-generation Arab and Middle Eastern adults were interviewed from 10 families. The study explored two research questions (a) how participants described their experience of resilience and (b) how participants experienced resilience in the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eleven subthemes emerged and included a variety of themes that described the interaction between migrants and their environment at each level of the socioecological system. Findings add to the literature by revealing the dynamic nature of resilience as well as providing a socioecological perspective of resilience, contextualizing our understanding of resilience for this community, and illuminating how socioecological factors can hinder or foster resilience.
Performance recovery of uncertain nonaffine systems by active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Tan Lilong , Chen Zhixiang , Gao Qinhe , Liu Jifang
Published: August 2023

This paper studies performance recovery problem of a class of uncertain nonaffine strict-feedback systems with mismatched uncertainties. First, the strict-feedback nonaffine system with mismatched system dynamics is transformed into an integrator-chain nonaffine system by a diffeomorphism. Second, the transformed system is converted to an affine one by constructing an auxiliary control input term, and dynamical uncertainties and external disturbances are viewed as total disturbance of the affine system. Then, a two-time-scale active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is designed for the transformed affine system. Under some mild assumptions, it can be proved that the proposed ADRC-based closed-loop system can achieve performance recovery and weak performance recovery in different cases of mismatched system dynamics, respectively. Experimental results on a magnetic levitation ball system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony and Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt’s Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
Authors: İlkbahar Hasan , Mercan Muhammed Hüseyin
Published: August 2023

The Framework of Hydro-Hegemony (FHH) has been applied several times to transboundary water disputes. Since it defines Egypt as a hegemon and Ethiopia as a counter-hegemon, many studies have focused on the hegemonic and counter-hegemonic activities in the Nile Basin. However, this article argues that Egypt has also deployed counter-hegemonic tactics to deal with the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) from Neoclassical Realist perspective. In this context, it questions why and how Egypt has deployed hegemonic and counter-hegemonic tactics to respond to the GERD through process-tracing and utilising primary and secondary sources such as official statements, books, articles and journals.
Evaluation of bending after impact and piezoresistive behavior of seawater aged glass fiber reinforced polymer composites containing hybrid carbon nanofillers
Authors: José-Trujillo Eduardo , Rubio-González Carlos , Rodríguez-González Julio Alejandro
Published: August 2023

The effect of low-velocity impact loading and seawater aging on the residual bending properties of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) was evaluated. The self-sensing capability of the composite laminates provided by a hybrid combination of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was also examined. The composite laminates were fabricated by RTM with the incorporation of different contents of MWCNTs and GNPs onto the glass fiber surface using the spray coating technique. Impact tests were performed on specimens with and without seawater (SW) aging and then bending specimens were taken to evaluate the after-impact bending behavior. An important reduction in mechanical properties of composite laminates produced by SW aging, caused by plasticization and swelling effects of the polymer matrix, was confirmed. Despite this physical degradation in the mechanical behavior of GFRP composites, a positive synergistic effect of the carbon nanostructures (CNSs) in the composite laminates was observed. Carbon nanofillers cause the maximum force during the impact test increase in comparison with neat specimens; this effect was exhibited by both samples, with and without seawater aging. Previous impact damage reduced flexural strength and flexural modulus of dry (14% and 43%, respectively) and wet samples (15% and 26%, respectively); however, the reduction in flexural strength is slightly smaller in a certain hybrid combination of CNSs. Another important finding was that the self-sensing capability of GFRPs with CNSs was preserved, even after the impact loading and even after the seawater aging, making this technique suitable for structural health monitoring of marine components.
Phonetic Dissimilarity and L2 Category Formation in L2 Accommodation
Authors: Cao Grace Wenling
Published: August 2023

Many studies of speech accommodation focus on native speakers with different dialects, whereas only a limited number of studies work on L2 speakers’ accommodation and discuss theories for second language (L2) accommodation. This paper aimed to fill the theoretical gap by integrating the revised speech learning model (SLM) with the exemplar-based models for L2 speech accommodation. A total of 19 Cantonese–English bilingual speakers completed map tasks with English speakers of Received Pronunciation and General American English in two separate experiments. Their pronunciations of THOUGHT and PATH vowels, and fricatives [z] and [θ] were examined before, during, and after the map tasks. The role of phonetic dissimilarity in L2 accommodation and L2 category formation in the revised SLM (SLM-r) were tested. First, the results suggested that global phonetic dissimilarity cannot predict Hong Kong English (HKE) speakers’ accommodation patterns. Instead, the segment-specific phonetic dissimilarity between participants and interlocutors was found to be positively correlated with the participants’ degree of accommodation. In addition, HKE speakers who did not form a new L2 category of [z] were found to significantly accommodate toward their interlocutor, suggesting that L2 accommodation might not be constrained by phonological category. An integrated exemplar model for L2 accommodation is proposed to explain these findings.
Evidence for Overlapping Visual Processing Difficulties in Adult ADHD and Visual Stress
Authors: BarNir Aviva , Shaked Haya , Elad Shulamit , Tosta Sandra
Published: August 2023

We investigated the viability of spectral filters as an adjunctive treatment for adults with both ADHD and visual processing difficulties. Fifty-nine adults (age 18-50), diagnosed with both ADHD and visual stress received either spectral filters ( n = 39) or no intervention ( n = 20) to address visual processing difficulties. We administered the MOXO d-CPT, a computer based continuous performance test, before the intervention and one hour after the intervention to assess any short-term change in the participants’ attention profile. We used the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) before and 3–6 months after the intervention to assess any long-term intervention impact after 3–6 months. The intervention group had significant short- and long-term improvements in overall attention compared to the control group (X2(1, N = 59) = 20.10, p < .001). On the DSM-5, 49% of participants with short term and 64% with long-term intervention no longer met criteria for an ADHD diagnosis. Findings suggest that spectral filters may be an adjunctive treatment for many adults suffering from perceptually-based attention issues common to visual stress and ADHD.
Reimagining Urban Living Labs: Enter the Urban Drama Lab
Authors: Sachs Olsen Cecilie , van Hulst Merlijn
Published: August 2023

In this paper we introduce the Urban Drama Lab as a new manifestation of Urban Living Labs. We expand current debates concerning Urban Living Labs by contrasting and comparing them with knowledge and practices developed in the field of theatre and performance. This enables us to scrutinise the ways in which stakeholders, issues and interests are represented and, in extension, performed in Urban Living Labs. We argue that this is important for two reasons: (1) because the current focus of Urban Living Labs on offering a real-world testing ground for urban experimentation constitutes a specific way of representing and performing stakeholders, issues, and interests, but that (2) questions of representation are seldom explicitly addressed because Urban Living Labs are seen to offer direct access to the real-world in a presumably ‘neutral’ setting. The Urban Drama Lab foregrounds that Urban Living Labs can never be neutral and free from structures of power but that they can set up a frame in which these structures can be scrutinised, assessed and possibly remodelled and rearranged. We conclude that the Urban Drama Lab might enable a fuller understanding of how the Urban Living Lab may address not only complex urban challenges, but also how it might also engage better with the power relations, contestations, conflicts and politics that are often at the core of these challenges.
How Does Paternalistic Leadership Enhance Civil Servants’ Public Service Motivation? The Mediating Mechanism of Trust in Leader
Authors: Huang Qing , Liu Huaxing
Published: August 2023

The field of public leadership studies has witnessed limited research on paternalistic leadership (PL) and its impact on civil servants. The present study draws upon a questionnaire survey of 2,064 Chinese civil servants to explore the impact of administrative leaders’ PL styles on civil servants’ public service motivation (PSM) and the mediating mechanism that underlies its effects. When PL is exercised in a benevolent or moral style, it intensifies subordinates’ PSM. But authoritarian behavior, whether used separately, or in combination with another style (as in benevolent-authoritarian, moral-authoritarian or benevolent-moral-authoritarian leadership), showed an insignificant effect on PSM. In addition, trust in leader mediates the relationship between benevolent, moral and AL styles and subordinates’ PSM. Our findings suggest that even in an authoritarian-oriented society such as China, the authoritarian variant of PL is increasingly losing its influence, and moral and benevolent leadership have become more important in modern organizations, and should be the primary leadership strategies employed by government leaders.
A transformer-based deep learning model for Persian moral sentiment analysis
Authors: Karami Behnam , Bakouie Fatemeh , Gharibzadeh Shahriar
Published: August 2023

Moral expressions in online communications can have a serious impact on framing discussions and subsequent online behaviours. Despite research on extracting moral sentiment from English text, other low-resource languages, such as Persian, lack enough resources and research about this important topic. We address this issue using the Moral Foundation theory (MFT) as the theoretical moral psychology paradigm. We developed a Twitter data set of 8000 tweets that are manually annotated for moral foundations and also we established a baseline for computing moral sentiment from Persian text. We evaluate a plethora of state-of-the-art machine learning models, both rule-based and neural, including distributed dictionary representation (DDR), long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (BERT). Our findings show that among different models, fine-tuning a pre-trained Persian BERT language model with a linear network as the classifier yields the best results. Furthermore, we analysed this model to find out which layer of the model contributes most to this superior accuracy. We also proposed an alternative transformer-based model that yields competitive results to the BERT model despite its lower size and faster inference time. The proposed model can be used as a tool for analysing moral sentiment and framing in Persian texts for downstream social and psychological studies. We also hope our work provides some resources for further enhancing the methods for computing moral sentiment in Persian text.
Parent emotion regulation and parenting self-efficacy: The moderating role of coparenting
Authors: Calabrese Julianna R. , Schoppe-Sullivan Sarah J.
Published: August 2023

Successful parenting involves high parenting self-efficacy (PSE)—one’s belief in their ability to parent successfully—and strong parent emotion regulation (ER)—the capacity to evaluate and modify one’s emotional reactions. Additionally, a cooperative, well-coordinated coparenting relationship is an important source of support for parents. This study examined the associations of parent ER with PSE and considered the moderating role of coparenting. Ninety-nine different-sex couples with school-age children participated. Parents completed survey measures of ER, PSE, and coparenting, as well as an observed coparenting task with their seven-year-old children. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models were used to examine relations between parent ER and PSE moderated by coparenting quality. Among mothers, perceived coparenting moderated the associations of both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression with PSE, with the PSE of mothers perceiving lower-quality coparenting relationships benefitting the most from cognitive reappraisal and the PSE of mothers perceiving higher-quality coparenting relationships suffering the most from expressive suppression. Among fathers, observed coparenting moderated the relation between ER strategy and PSE. Expressive suppression was negatively associated with fathers’ PSE when observed coparenting quality was lower, while cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with fathers’ PSE when coparenting quality was higher. The present study contributes to the growing body of research on the associations of parent ER with parental functioning.
Adolescent exposure to racially and ethnically diverse neighborhoods and schools: Implications for interracial dating, cohabitation, and marriage in emerging and young adulthood
Authors: Zhang Xing
Published: August 2023

Background: Interracial romantic relationships and unions are a marker of social distance between racial and ethnic groups, but the role of geographic context at schools and neighborhoods during adolescence in shaping interracial romantic relationship formation in the transition to adulthood has been underexplored, which is important for understanding how intergroup contact in the school and neighborhood contexts during adolescence may have subsequent consequences for interracial union formation later in emerging and young adulthood. Methods: Using data from Waves I, III, and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines the roles of exposure to racial and ethnic diversity in schools and geographic regions in adolescence in shaping the likelihood of being in an interracial romantic relationship in emerging and young adulthood. Results: Adolescents who lived in a Census tract that had fewer of their own racial and ethnic groups were significantly more likely to be in interracial romantic relationships in emerging and in young adulthood. Adolescents who attended more racially and ethnically diverse high schools were also more likely to be in interracial romantic relationships in emerging adulthood. In young adulthood, Hispanic adolescents who went to primarily White high schools were more likely to be in interracial romantic relationships in emerging adulthood and young adulthood. Conclusions: Exposure to racially and ethnically diverse neighborhoods and schools is associated with an increased likelihood of interracial union formation in emerging and young adulthood.
Education, Gender, and Blue-Chip Gallery Representation: The Importance of Educational Prestige in a Male-Dominated Art World
Authors: Kuntz Melissa , Vick Brandon
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the possible gender gap among contemporary artists in important career-related outcomes: representation by prestigious galleries, access to museum exhibitions, and selection for museum collections. Using a sample of 959 artists, created by random sampling from a catalog of represented artists and merged with public data on demographic, socioeconomic, and educational backgrounds , we conduct a quantitative analysis on differences in artist outcomes by gender and education. We find that female artists have lower rates of gallery representation and museum exhibitions and collections, regardless of education. While having a Master of Fine Arts from highly ranked art schools results in better outcomes, the gender gap exists across educational quality.
BED-BPP: Benchmarking dataset for robotic bin packing problems
Authors: Kagerer Florian , Beinhofer Maximilian , Stricker Stefan , Nüchter Andreas
Published: August 2023

Many algorithms that were developed for solving three-dimensional bin packing problems use generic data for either experiments or evaluation. However, none of these datasets became accepted for benchmarking 3D bin packing algorithms throughout the community. To close this gap, this paper presents the benchmarking dataset for robotic bin packing problems (BED-BPP), which is based on realistic data. We show the variety of the dataset by elaborating an n-gram analysis. Besides, we propose an evaluation function, which contains a stability check that uses rigid body simulation. We demonstrated the application of our dataset on four different approaches, which we integrated in our software environment.
Analyzing Gas Station Visits during Hurricane Ida: Implications for Future Fuel Supply
Authors: Bian Ruijie , Smiley Kevin T. , Parr Scott , Shen Jiayun , Murray-Tuite Pamela
Published: August 2023

Fuel demand surges and supply shortages during hurricanes are problematic. However, fuel consumption and refueling behavior are not well discussed in disaster scenarios compared with the extant literature on these topics during normal conditions. This study used an emerging data source to report when fuel demand (indicated by gas station visits) deviated from a normal variation range during Hurricane Ida (a Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2021), how long the deviation lasted, and which area(s) experienced greater deviations. Gas station visits are likely to surge within 2 days before storm landfall, while evacuation destinations and intermediate trip connectors had longer surges. Using univariate linear regression, this study also statistically explored what factors might affect the fuel demand deviation at an aggregate level. The testing results revealed that zones of higher vehicle ownership, more daily commuters driving alone, lower residential stability, more mobile homes, and less storm impacts tended to have more gas station visits (i.e., greater fuel demand). Then, this study analyzed data at a more disaggregate level to identify the characteristics of gas stations that are more likely to have more visitors. Gas stations near interstates/highways attracted more visits, especially within 2 days before storm landfall. Gas stations farther away from interstates/highways attracted more visits after storm landfall. Overall, this study contributes to our knowledge about fuel consumption and refueling location preferences during hurricanes. These findings could help public agencies and private companies in their fuel supply planning (e.g., fuel distribution) and response (e.g., providing power generators to focal locations).
Considering the Spatial Structure of the Road Network in Pavement Deterioration Modeling
Authors: Gao Lu , Yu Ke , Lu Pan
Published: August 2023

Pavement deterioration modeling is important in providing information with respect to the future state of the road network and in determining the needs of preventive maintenance or rehabilitation treatments. This research incorporated the spatial dependence of the road network into pavement deterioration modeling through a graph neural network (GNN). The key motivation of using a GNN for pavement performance modeling is the ability to easily and directly exploit the rich structural information in the network. This paper explored if considering the spatial structure of the road network will improve the prediction performance of the deterioration models. The data used in this research comprises a large pavement condition dataset with more than a half million observations taken from the Pavement Management Information System maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation. The promising comparison results indicate that pavement deterioration prediction models perform better when the spatial relationship is considered.
Infrastructure and the environment in anthropology
Authors: Rippa Alessandro
Published: August 2023

This article maps out a nascent field that is currently taking shape, one that bridges anthropological considerations of infrastructure, political ecology, and science and technology studies with transdisciplinary approaches to ethics of care beyond the human. This emerging field stimulates a re-thinking of the relationships between the built and the non-built environment and encourages exploring infrastructure as indexes by which to grasp, ethnographically and methodologically, the Anthropocene. In this article, I outline and review this field, paying particular attention to the multiple legacies that inform current anthropological research on the relations between infrastructure and the environment. In doing so I mobilize environing infrastructure as a guiding framework of analysis – a notion I borrow from recent scholarship in environmental history and that helps appreciating infrastructure as historically specific multi-species formations.
Exposure to MMVF in residential and commercial buildings: A literature review and quantitative synthesis
Authors: Allen Laura H , Suder Egnot Natalie , Allen Hannah , Chan Kathy , Marsh Gary
Published: August 2023

Man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) are a class of inorganic fibrous materials that include glass and mineral wools, continuous glass filaments, and refractory ceramic fibers valued for their insulative properties in high temperature applications. Potential health effects from occupational exposure to MMVF have been investigated since the 1970s, with focus on incidence of respiratory tract cancer among MMVF-exposed production workers. The general population may experience exposure to MMVF in residential and/or commercial buildings due to deterioration, construction, or other disruption of materials containing these fibers. Numerous studies have characterized potential exposures that may occur during material disruption or installation; however, fewer have aimed to measure background MMVF concentrations in residential and commercial spaces (i.e., non-production settings) to which the general population may be exposed. In this study, we reviewed and synthesized peer-reviewed studies that evaluated respirable MMVF exposure levels in non-production, indoor environments. Among studies that analyzed airborne respirable MMVF concentrations, 110-fold and 1.5-fold differences in estimated concentrations were observed for those studies utilizing phase contrast optical microscopy (PCOM) versus transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. A positive correlation was observed between respirable air concentrations of MMVF and total surface concentrations of MMVF in seldom-cleaned areas. Ultimately, available evidence suggests that both ambient air and surface concentrations of MMVF in indoor environments are consistently lower than exposure limits developed to prevent negative health outcomes among sensitive populations.
Home Away from Home: How Undergraduate and Graduate Students Experience Space and Place in a new Health Sciences Building
Authors: LeGrow Karen , Espin Sherry , Chui Lois , Rose Don , Meldrum Richard , Sharpe Mary , Gucciardi Enza
Published: August 2023

Buildings contribute in crucial ways to how students experience learning spaces. Four schools within a faculty (nursing, nutrition, occupational and public health, and midwifery) moved into a new Health Sciences building Fall of 2019. This new building created a unique opportunity to explore the intersection between higher education and learning space design, informed by concepts of space and place, and students’ profession specific and interprofessional learning experiences in a new Health Sciences building. A qualitative descriptive design was used. All undergraduate and graduate students within the four schools were invited to participate. Focus groups were undertaken to gain a rich understanding of students’ experiences and views of their space and place of learning. Data collection involved focus group data from profession specific participant users and interprofessional participant users. Inductive thematic analysis of focus group transcripts generated an initial coding scheme, key themes, and data patterns. Codes were sorted into categories and then organized into meaningful clusters. A building planning development project document relating to the vision, intentions, design, and planning for the new building provided content from which to view the study findings. The study data contributed to the conversation about space and place and its influence on higher learning within specific intraprofessional and interprofessional student groups and provided insight into the process of actualizing a vision for a new learning space and the resultant experiences and perceptions of students within that space/place.
Intensive Care Admissions and Outcome of Cardiac Arrests; A National Cohort Study From the United States
Authors: Mir Tanveer , Shafi Obeid , Balla Sudarshan , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Qurehi Waqas T , Kakouros Nikolaos , Bhat Zeenat , Koul Parvaiz , Rab Tanveer
Published: August 2023

Objective

Outcomes of cardiac arrest among patients who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in intensive care units (ICU) has limited data on the national level basis in the United States. We aimed to study the outcomes of ICU CPRs.

Methods

Data from the national readmissions database (NRD) sample that constitutes 49.1% of the stratified sample of all hospitals in the United States were analyzed for ICU-related hospitalizations for the years 2016 to 2019. ICU CPR was defined by procedure codes.

Results

A total of 4,610,154 ICU encounters were reported for the years 2016 to 2019 in the NRD. Of these patients, 426,729 (9.26%) had CPR procedure recorded during the hospital encounter (mean age 65 ± 17.81; female 42.4%). And 167,597 (39.29%) patients had CPR on the day of admission, of which 63.16% died; while 64,752 (15.18%) patients had CPR on the day of ICU admission, of which 72.85% died. And 36,002 (8.44%) had CPR among patients with length of stay 2 days, of which 73.34% died. A total of 1,222,799 (26.5%) admitted to ICU died, and patients who had ICU CPR had higher mortality, 291,391(68.3%). Higher complication rates were observed among ICU CPR patients, especially who died. Over the years from 2016 to 2019, ICU CPR rates increased from 8.18% (2016) to 8.66% (2019); p-trend = 0.001. The mortality rates among patients admitted to ICU increased from 22.1% (2016) to 24.1% (2019); p-trend = 0.005.

Conclusion

The majority of ICU CPRs were done on the first day of ICU admission. The trend for ICU CPR was increasing. The mortality trend for overall ICU admissions has increased, which is concerning and would suggest further research to improve the high mortality rates in the CPR group.
Developmental Considerations in How Defense Attorneys Employ Child Sexual Abuse and Rape Myths When Questioning Alleged Victims of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Denne Emily , George Suzanne St. , Stolzenberg Stacia N.
Published: August 2023

Myths and misconceptions surrounding the nature of sexual assault play a role in shaping the perceptions of victims as credible and perpetrators as culpable. Defense attorneys often capitalize on myths in court as an element of their defense strategies. Researchers have established that myths about both rape generally, and child sexual abuse (CSA) specifically, appear with regularity in criminal trials of children who have made an allegation of CSA. Yet no work has systematically and quantitatively examined the impact of a child’s age on the probability that attorneys will ask a myth-consistent question in criminal trials of CSA. In the current study, we examine 6,384 lines of questioning across 134 criminal trials of CSA to assess whether defense attorneys employ developmentally sensitive strategies when asking children questions that draw upon myths about sexual violence (CSA myths: disclosure myths, extent of harm, a child’s positive relationship with their perpetrator, and the presence of witnesses; Rape myths: force and resistance, motives to lie, victim precipitation, and character issues). We found that attorneys did not vary their use of CSA myths by the age of the child. However, the probability that a child would receive a rape myth-consistent line of questioning, increased with a child’s age. This work suggests that attorneys are, at times, strategic in their use of myths and employ these adult rape myths in ways that are plausible, purposeful, and likely impactful. The strategic use of these questions may acknowledge young children’s limited development but may place too great a demand on older children’s developmental capacities. Prosecutors should be prepared to counterquestion these myths in redirect examination.
Explaining the Insufficient Relationship between Affective Empathy and Physical Aggression Based on a Double-edged Sword Model
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Wei , Yang Juanhua , Fu Yuanshu , Xiao Wanting
Published: August 2023

Affective empathy is generally considered an important inhibitor of aggression. However, the meta-analysis studies on the relationship between affective empathy and aggression have challenged this common-sense view and found no substantial correlation between the two variables. We proposed a double-edged sword model to explain this counterintuitive phenomenon and tested this model by establishing an inconsistent mediation model. A total of 663 college students in China (59.1% female; Mage = 20.69 years) completed questionnaires measuring affective empathy, sympathy, personal distress, anger proneness, and physical aggression. The results showed that on the one hand, affective empathy can indirectly inhibit physical aggression by increasing sympathy; on the other hand, affective empathy can indirectly promote physical aggression through the serial mediation of personal distress and anger proneness. Such two pathways offset each other, leading to an insignificant relation observation between affective empathy and physical aggression. The findings revealed the complexity of the relationship between affective empathy and aggression, which suggested that more efforts to reduce aggression should be made to develop individuals’ sympathy, while affective empathy training should be moderate to avoid excessive empathic emotional arousal.
A Content Analysis of Sex Offender Registries: The Influence of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) on Registry Information
Authors: Navarro John C. , Shellabarger Christina L.
Published: August 2023

Sex offender registries contain information available for public access through websites. In 2006, the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA), a core piece of the Adam Walsh Act, was introduced to overhaul the disparate SORN systems across states. Although instrumental in systematizing the sex offender policy, there has yet to be a sufficient investigation into SORNA’s effects in shaping public website registry requirements. Our quantitative content analysis of 50 state sex offender online registries categorized the 88 identified registry elements into seven mutually exclusive features: liability concerns, dissemination of information, mapping features, search features, listing details of registrants, offense information, and victim information. Findings show that states largely share many common registry elements, with multivariate analyses suggesting SORNA-compliant registries are more likely to publicly share eight elements specifically relating to registrants’ search and listing features and offense location.
Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Early Adolescents: Cognitive Reappraisal and Emotion Invalidation as Moderators
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Zhao Haiyan , Zou Yan
Published: August 2023

This study examined how depressive symptoms play mediating roles between cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization and suicidal ideation and the moderating roles of cognitive reappraisal and emotion invalidation. A total of 1,823 Chinese adolescents (Mean age = 11.20, SD = 1.21, 47.8% girls) participated this study. Results showed that cyberbullying victimization was more strongly related to suicidal ideation than traditional bullying victimization. Depressive symptoms played mediating roles between cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization and suicidal ideation. Cognitive reappraisal mitigated the effects of cyberbullying and traditional bullying victimization on depressive symptoms, and perceived emotion invalidation strengthened the effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation. Results further showed that the mediating effect of depressive symptoms was more prominent when there were low levels of cognitive reappraisal and more perceived emotion invalidation. Promoting youths’ cognitive reappraisal and providing validating responses to their depressive symptoms could mitigate the destructive effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation.
A collision-free visual servoing method for two space manipulators capturing tumbling satellites
Authors: Yang Guocai , Ji Junhong , Wei Jingyang , Hao Yingming , Han Xu
Published: August 2023

A novel visual servoing method is proposed to synchronously capture a malfunctional satellite’s docking ring by two space manipulators. Due to the lack of conspicuous visual marks, structured light is implemented to estimate the ring’s pose. To ensure the capturing process’s security, two aspects are investigated. Spatially, capturing target points for two manipulators are planned together by considering the chaser’s orientation. As a consequence, collision risk between two manipulators is eliminated. Temporally, by adding duration parameters in trajectory generation algorithm, capturing synchronism for two manipulators is guaranteed. Experimental results show that, by the proposed method, a tumbling target was successfully captured by two space manipulators. Compared to existing methods, the collision risk between two manipulators is thoroughly eliminated and the capturing synchronism is improved remarkably.