bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic array measurements of acoustical waves propagating into a water-saturated sandy bottom for a smoothed and a roughened interface
Authors: Simpson Harry J. , Houston Brian H.
Published: July 2002

Measurements of acoustical waves propagating in an unconsolidated water-saturated porous medium that involved the use of a two-dimensional synthetic array technique are presented. From these measurements, wave-front propagation is evaluated using time domain, wave-number frequency and two-dimensional spatial analysis techniques. First, a synthetic array measurement is employed to study sound penetration for a “smoothed” interface condition. This smoothed interface measurement is then compared to an identical synthetic array measurement with a “roughened” interface. A comparison of the smoothed and roughened interface measurements shows enhanced bottom penetration at shallow grazing angles as a result of the roughened interface. At shallow grazing angles, this scattered pressure from the roughened interface has the appearance of a wave front in the water-saturated porous medium that has a virtual wave speed of ∼1200 m/s. Slower compressional waves in the sandy bottom are not observed.
Air acoustic sensing of seismic waves
Authors: Larson Gregg D. , Martin James S. , Scott Waymond R. , Jia Cheng
Published: July 2002

Propagation of elastic waves in damp, compacted sand involves pressure, shear, and Rayleigh waves. The associated seismic surface displacements can be detected by sensing the acoustic pressure immediately above the surface. Propagation speeds are very low in sand. The high wave numbers of seismic displacements are, therefore, evanescent in air. Thus, the acoustic pressure can only be measured well within a seismic wavelength of the surface. Planar near-field acoustic holography techniques can then be used to back-propagate these signals and calculate surface displacements. Measurements have been made using a laboratory experimental model to investigate the potential of using this technique to detect buried land mines. The experimental model utilizes a surface-coupled transducer to generate elastic waves in a sand-filled tank, which simulates the earth. The microphone and a radar system were used to independently measure the surface displacements. Data taken with both sensors compare well and exhibit the signature of a buried inert antipersonnel mine. For a 100–800-Hz incident pulse, the mine signature can be seen in the raw microphone data when the height of the microphone is less than 3 cm. Holographic signal-processing techniques will be investigated to increase the allowable height for the microphone. [Work supported by ARO.]
Modeling stop-consonant releases for synthesis
Authors: Hanson Helen M. , Stevens Kenneth N.
Published: July 2002

This study is part of a project leading to rule-based speech synthesis using the HLsyn synthesizer. In HLsyn, stop-consonant releases are generated by controlling the time variation of a constriction that is formed by the lips, the tongue blade, or the tongue body. In order to generate a consonant release that is perceptually acceptable and that has acoustic characteristics that match those of normal speech, it was found that the trajectory of the consonant release (cross-sectional area versus time) had to exhibit an initial rapid rise, followed by a delay in which the rise was interrupted, followed finally by a final rise. The burst at the consonant release is generated by the airflow through the constriction during the time that the rise is delayed. A model of the time course of this three-stage release of the articulator has been developed, taking into account the role of the intraoral pressure, the tapering formed by the articulator, and the glottal area. The model shows that the delay between the initial and final area increases is progressively longer for labials, alveolars, and velars, in agreement with acoustic data on the burst duration. [Work supported in part by NIH Grant Nos. MH52358 and DC00075.]
Measurement of Stresses Developed in Steady Laminar Shearing Flows of Viscoelastic Media
Authors: Ginn R. F. , Metzner A. B.
Published: July 2002

The shearing stress and both normal stress differences are reported for three solutions of polyisobutylene in decalin. The ratio of the second normal stress difference to the first, (P22−P33)/(P11−P22), is seen to be negative and to vary between −0.1 and −0.4 under the conditions studied for these media. The statistical significance and the precision of these data is considered in some detail; the results are believed to be definitive at the error levels specified. Previous measurements of this normal stress ratio, which may be shown to be free of all the major known errors, are seen to have yielded the same sign as obtained herein, for similar fluids.
On deception and lying: An overview of over 100 years of social science research
Authors: Denault Vincent , Talwar Victoria , Plusquellec Pierrich , Larivière Vincent
Published: May 2022

This article provides an overview of over 100 years of social science research on deception and lying. The aim is to raise awareness on the full scope of research findings on deception and lying to help the scientific community to communicate these research findings to practitioners who assess the veracity of individuals statements, further future research, better understand the research field of deception and lying, and bridge gaps that are relevant to scholars and practitioners interested in deception and lying. To begin, Web of Science is introduced, and the steps undertaken to build our database are described. Then, the yearly evolution of research findings on deception and lying is presented. Finally, the journals and the research areas, as well as the authors, the institutions and the countries that contributed the most to the deception and lying literature are highlighted, as well as the most used keywords and cited articles.
Bioinspired Multi‐Transformability of Superhydrophobic Nano‐Magnetite Swarm for Adaptive Object Transportation
Authors: Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Naito Masanobu
Published: May 2022

Natural superorganisms transform their collective shape for benefits, such as the safe transport of objects/themselves, which a sole individual cannot achieve. A significant gap exists between the transformability of natural superorganisms and the artificial emulation thereof. Here, the multi‐transformability and functions of a fire ant superorganism are imitated by a superhydrophobic nano‐magnetite swarm. The synthetic swarm at a liquid−air interface is transformed from a dispersed state into a 2D raft and a 3D bivouac by a magnetic field gradient. The swarm can transport small objects adaptively irrespective of their state (gas/liquid/solid) by switching their state without hindrance from physical obstacles. The swarm also exhibits adaptive jamming transition for regeneration ability, obstacle penetration, and dispersed solids collection. This work contributes to the development of swarm biomimetics, object transportation, and adaptive materials.
Chirality Induced Crystal Structural Difference in Metal Halide Composites
Authors: Cai Weidong , Qin Jiajun , Pang Tiqiang , Cai Xinyi , Jia Renxu , Gao Feng
Published: May 2022

Incorporating chiral organic compounds into metal halide frames is a common and useful method to introduce chirality in metal halide composites. The structures of resulting racemic and chiral composites are usually considered to be nearly identical owing to similar chemical bonding. In this work, by incorporating chiral MBABr (bromide methylbenzylamine) into an inorganic frame, a significant crystallization difference between the resulting racemic and chiral metal halide composites is observed, as confirmed by both structural and spectroscopic measurements. In addition, the structural transformation in the chiral composites can also be induced by moisture, ascribed to the asymmetric hydrogen bonding in chiral materials. These results provide new insights for the future synthesis of chiral materials and open up new possibilities to advance the materials functionalities.
Dual‐Stimulus Supramolecular Luminescent Switch Based on Cyanostilbene‐Bridged Bis(Dibenzo‐24‐Crown‐8) and a Diarylethene Derivative
Authors: Han Jia‐Xin , Dai Xian‐Yin , Wang Hui‐Juan , Zhang Heng‐Yi , Liu Yu
Published: May 2022

The development of multifunctional photo‐controlled luminescent switch, which provides versatile tools for smart systems and advanced organic luminescent materials, is of paramount significance. Herein, a photoswitchable supramolecular assembly is constructed from the noncovalent interaction of cyanostilbene‐bridged bis(dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8) with a diarylethene derivative. Possessing the reversible photoisomerization property and a high Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency, the resultant supramolecular assembly can reversibly switch on/off the luminescence of the cyanostilbene group upon irradiation by different wavelength light and the addition of acid/base both in solution and in the solid state. Significantly, the characters written with the supramolecular assembly as ink can be reversibly and repeatedly erased and recovered by altering the wavelength of irradiation light.
New Cathode Materials in the Fe‐PO4‐F Chemical Space for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Liu Xuelian , Wang Jiande , Du Mengyuan , Robeyns Koen , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Zhu Qi , Kumar Varun , Garcia Yann , Borodi Gheorghe , Morari Cristian , Gohy Jean‐Francois , Vlad Alexandru
Published: May 2022

Sodium and iron make up the perfect combination for the growing demand for sustainable energy storage systems, given the natural abundance and sustainability of the two building block elements. However, most sodium–iron electrode chemistries are plagued by intrinsic low energy densities with continuous ongoing efforts to solve this. Herein, the chemical space of a series of (meta)stable, off‐stoichiometric Fe‐PO4‐F phases is analyzed. Some are found to display markedly improved electrochemical activity for sodium storage, as compared to the amorphous or thermodynamically stable phases of equivalent composition. The metastable crystalline Na1.2Fe1.2PO4F0.6 delivers a reversible capacity of more than 140 mAh g−1 with an average discharge potential of 2.9 V (vs Na+/Na0) resulting in a practical specific energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 (estimated at the material level), outperforming many developed Fe‐PO4 analogs thus far, with further multiple possibilities to be explored toward improved energy storage metrics. Overall, this study unlocks the possibilities of off‐stoichiometric Fe‐PO4‐F cathode materials and reveals the importance to explore the oft‐overlooked metastable or transient state materials for energy storage.
Surface Regulating of a Double‐Perovskite Electrode for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells to Enhance Oxygen Reduction Activity and Contaminants Poisoning Tolerance
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Kang , He Fan , Zhou Yucun , Sasaki Kotaro , Zhao Bote , Choi YongMan , Liu Meilin , Chen Yu
Published: May 2022

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are one of the most efficient energy conversion devices. However, the performance of current PCFCs is greatly limited by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and the fast degradation of the cathode due to contaminants poisoning (such as Cr species and steam). Here, a surface regulation of a double perovskite PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF) cathode by a Pr0.9Fe0.7Co0.3O3 (PFC) catalyst coating to enhance the ORR activity and stability is reported. When tested in direct contact with Cr in the air with 3% H2O at 650 °C, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the PFC coated PBSCF (PFC‐PBSCF) electrode increases from ≈0.39 to 0.45 Ω cm2 after 100 h operation; in contrast, the Rp of a PBSCF electrode increases from 0.63 to 0.82 Ω cm2. Further, a PCFC with the PFC‐PBSCF cathode demonstrates an excellent peak power density (≈1.08 W cm–2 at 650 °C) and significantly enhanced durability (degradation rate of 0.03% h−1), much better than those of the cells with a PBSCF cathode (≈0.75 W cm–2 and degradation rate of 0.12% h−1). Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the PFC catalyst coating diminishes the formation of Cr species, such as (Ba1‐xSrx)CrO4, on the cathode surface.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution on Stoichiometric Molybdenum Carbonitride via an Interstitial Vacancy‐Elimination Strategy
Authors: Dai Liming , Yao Fanglei , Yu Lei , Fang Chenchen , Li Jing , Xue Liang , Zhang Shengli , Xiong Pan , Fu Yongsheng , Sun Jingwen , Zhu Junwu
Published: May 2022

An interstitial vacancy on molybdenum nitride has been determined as a negative factor towards the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by reason of upraising the d orbitals of Mo. Nevertheless, investigations aiming to eliminate the vacancies are rarely reported. Here, an interstitial reconfiguration method for the design of stoichiometric molybdenum carbonitride (Mo2CN) is proposed, in which the vacancies are fulfilled by lattice carbon. Multiple fine structural analyses alongside with the theoretical calculations indicate that beyond lower the d orbitals of Mo by the hybridization of additive p‐d orbitals, lattice carbon also behaves as the extra active center with exceptional H adsorption/desorption energy. Mo2CN reveals an adorable overpotential of −84 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a long‐term electrochemical stability by accompanying the nitrogen‐doped carbon substrate. It is anticipated that the vacancy‐eliminating concept will provide a constructive entry point for the rational design of electro‐catalysts and beyond.
RETRACTED: Real‐time agricultural field monitoring and smart irrigation architecture using the internet of things and quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Selvaraj Rajalakshmi , Kuthadi Venu Madhav , Baskar S.
Published: May 2022

Farming and agricultural production account for a substantial part of the global economic system, and most people rely on them for their living. In this perspective, real‐time agricultural field monitoring and smart irrigation using modern technologies are now important for effective farming in green homes, smart cities, and rural areas. Water is an essential resource to be conserved using the newest technology. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 enable smart farming, including using Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (Q‐UAV) with computer vision. The IoT‐based smart irrigation management systems with real‐time sensors and Q‐UAVs have contributed to the optimum use of water resources in precision farming. The research presented an intelligent irrigation and field surveillance system using atmospheric and soil data such as temperature, humidity, salinity, wind speed, as well as photographs of the field using UAVs. The parameters mentioned above are available on the smartphone of the farmers using IoT and are hosted without any delay in the Firebase console. In addition to this, a user can control the water pump on various fields via Firebase Cloud Message platform. The intelligence and smartness of the proposed system are implemented with a powerful and low‐cost platform Raspberry Pi 4B system on chip computer with Industry 4.0 standard dedicated for IoT, real‐time embedded protocol interfacing, and computer vision applications.
Deformation and breakup of water droplets containing polymer under a DC electric field
Authors: Huang Xin , Luo Xiaoming , Han Yunrui , Li Weidong , Lai Yuekun , Teng Lin
Published: May 2022

The deformation and breakup behaviors of droplets containing polymer are investigated by high‐speed photography to reveal the mechanism of electric field collapse when treating the emulsion containing polymer. The results show the electric field collapse process caused by droplet breakup consists of three steps. First, the droplet containing polymer ejects liquid filament under strong electric field. Second, the liquid filament is continuously stretched until it touches positive and negative electrodes. Finally, the severe Joule heating effect appears because the strong electric current flows through the liquid filament. The release of a large amount of heat causes the formation, expansion, and collapse of bubble, resulting in the fracture of liquid filament and the collapse of electric field. The increase of polymer concentration strengthens the Joule heating effect and enlarges the influence scope of bubble expansion and collapse. These findings provide significant guidance for the stable operation of electric dehydrator.
Partnering with immigrant families to promote language justice and equity in education
Authors: Tang Yan Catalina , Bachour Angélica , Pérez Consuelo J. , Ansaldo Loreto P. , Santiago Diana , Jin Yichen , Li Zihui , Mok Yu S. , Weng Yanyi , Martinez Linda S.
Published: May 2022

Despite US federal legislation mandates institutions to provide meaningful access and participation to students and families in educational settings, culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families and caregivers of children in special education experience cultural and linguistic barriers. A Community Advisory Team (CAT) of parents, advocates, community interpreters and translators, researchers, and teachers explored CLD families' experiences and advocacy efforts. Critical bifocality and circuits of dispossession, privilege, and resistance informed the documentation of inequities and resistance to understand the linkages of structural arrangements of power. Focus groups with families (n = 21) speakers of Spanish, Portuguese, and Cantonese were conducted. Findings indicate perceived discrimination, poor and inadequate interpretation and translation services impact children's access to special education services, hinder family's communication with schools and reduce the perceptions of schools as trustworthy institutions. Families advocate relentlessly for their children and recommend schools listen to families and hire culturally and linguistically competent interpreters and translators. Community psychologists can make significant contributions to promote language justice in education settings through participatory approaches to inquiry that value CLD families' knowledge and expertise
Clustering out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients with non‐shockable rhythm by machine learning latent class analysis
Authors: Okada Yohei , Komukai Sho , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Irisawa Taro , Yamada Tomoki , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Park Changhwi , Nishimura Tetsuro , Ishibe Takuya , Yagi Yoshiki , Kishimoto Masafumi , Inoue Toshiya , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Sogabe Taku , Morooka Takaya , Sakamoto Haruko , Suzuki Keitaro , Nakamura Fumiko , Matsuyama Tasuku , Nishioka Norihiro , Kobayashi Daisuke , Matsui Satoshi , Hirayama Atsushi , Yoshimura Satoshi , Kimata Shunsuke , Shimazu Takeshi , Ohtsuru Shigeru , Iwami Taku ,   the CRITICAL Research Group Investigators
Published: May 2022

Aim

We aimed to identify subphenotypes among patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with initial non‐shockable rhythm by applying machine learning latent class analysis and examining the associations between subphenotypes and neurological outcomes.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis within a multi‐institutional prospective observational cohort study of OHCA patients in Osaka, Japan (the CRITICAL study). The data of adult OHCA patients with medical causes and initial non‐shockable rhythm presenting with OHCA between 2012 and 2016 were included in machine learning latent class analysis models, which identified subphenotypes, and patients who presented in 2017 were included in a dataset validating the subphenotypes. We investigated associations between subphenotypes and 30‐day neurological outcomes.

Results

Among the 12,594 patients in the CRITICAL study database, 4,849 were included in the dataset used to classify subphenotypes (median age: 75 years, 60.2% male), and 1,465 were included in the validation dataset (median age: 76 years, 59.0% male). Latent class analysis identified four subphenotypes. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for a favorable 30‐day neurological outcome among patients with these subphenotypes, using group 4 for comparison, were as follows; group 1, 0.01 (0.001–0.046); group 2, 0.097 (0.051–0.171); and group 3, 0.175 (0.073–0.358). Associations between subphenotypes and 30‐day neurological outcomes were validated using the validation dataset.

Conclusion

We identified four subphenotypes of OHCA patients with initial non‐shockable rhythm. These patient subgroups presented with different characteristics associated with 30‐day survival and neurological outcomes.
Bipolar Magnetic Molecules for Spin‐Polarized Electric Current in Molecular Junctions
Authors: Hu Yujie , Li Xingxing , Li Qunxiang , Yang Jinlong
Published: May 2022

Electrical control of spin transport at single molecule level is highly desired for molecular nanospintronics. By exploiting magnetic bistability of spin crossover complexes, the magnitude of spin polarization can be modulated. However, efficiently controlling the direction of spin polarization at single molecule level is still challenging. Here, we propose a general method to flip the transport electron spin simply by electrical gating in single molecule devices based on bipolar magnetic molecules (BMMs), of which the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) come from different spin channels. Thus, when the device's Fermi level is reversibly adjusted approaching either HOMO or LUMO by changing the polarity of the applied voltage gate, a 100 % spin polarized current with switchable spin direction is achievable. The proposed method is verified by the calculated electronic and transport properties of 9 potential transition metal coordination BMMs.
Atroposelective Construction of Nine‐Membered Carbonate‐Bridged Biaryls
Authors: Jia Shiqi , Tian Yuhong , Li Xin , Wang Pengfei , Lan Yu , Yan Hailong
Published: May 2022

We herein demonstrated an efficient method for the atroposelective construction of nine‐membered carbonate‐bridged biaryls through vinylideneortho‐quinone methide (VQM) intermediates. Diverse products with desirable pharmacological features were synthesized in satisfying yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. In subsequent bioassays, several agents showed considerable antiproliferative activity via the mitochondrial‐related apoptosis mechanism. Further transformations produced more structural diversity and may inspire new ideas for developing functional molecules.
Alternierende Terpolymere durch Cyclopolymerisation und anschließende orthogonale Funktionalisierung
Authors: Gerdt Philipp , Studer Armido
Published: May 2022

Es wurde eine Methode zur Synthese funktionalisierter alternierender Copolymere durch radikalische Polymerisation mit reversibler Deaktivierung entwickelt. Die Copolymerisation durch reversible Additions‐Fragmentierungs‐Kettenübertragung von Hexenylvinylether mit einem neuartigen fluorierten Divinylmonomer liefert alternierende Cyclopolymere, die chemoselektiv durch drei unterschiedliche orthogonale Funktionalisierungsreaktionen modifiziert werden können. Neben der Thiol‐En‐Click‐Reaktion und der Amidierung wurde eine dritte Funktionalisierung durch NHC‐katalysierte Umesterung oder Acylierung erreicht, womit eine kleine Bibliothek von alternierenden Terpolymeren vom ABC‐Typ dargestellt wurde.
Vegetable and mineral oil oleogels developed at different monoglyceride to lecithin molar ratios
Authors: Toro‐Vazquez Jorge F. , Bello‐Santillán Maria. F. , De la Peña‐Gil Anaid , Aguilar‐Zárate Mayra , Charó‐Alonso Miriam A.
Published: May 2022

Thermomechanical and microstructural properties of oleogels developed with 2.1 to 15.7 Moles of monoglycerides/Mole of lecithin (MG/LC) were studied. The oleogels were developed (15°C) in vegetable (VO) and mineral (MO) oils using at each MG/LC 2% or 4% total mass of gelator. During oleogelation a synergistic interaction existed between the MG and the LC deriving in the development of MG‐LC cocrystals even below the gelators' minimum gelling concentration. In the VO, the oil with the highest relative polarity, the oleogels were structured by a network of β crystals where the cocrystals delayed the Lα → β polymorphic transition and worked as an active filler. In the MO, the oil with the lowest relative polarity, the development of cocrystals was favored while the Lα → β transition occurred just in the 15.7 MG/LC oleogels. Then, at all MG/LC the VO oleogels with 2% or 4% total gelator concentration achieved higher G′ than MO oleogels. However, the presence of β crystals in VO oleogels will result in deleterious effects in shorter time than in MO oleogels. In both oils the oleogels with the highest G′ and gel‐like rheological behavior were achieved at 8.1 MG/LC, particularly at 4% total gelator concentration. Under these conditions the β polymorph was limited developed in VO oleogels and completely absent in MO oleogels. Then, the rheology of MG‐LC oleogels with storage stability might be tailored using as design variables the MG/LC, the total gelator concentration, and the polarity of the oil.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polydimethylsiloxane/magnetite nanocomposites for cancer treatment by localized hyperthermia and photothermal ablation
Authors: Onyekanne Chinyerem E. , Oyewole Oluwaseun K. , Salifu Ali A. , Obayemi John D. , Anye Vitalis C. , Nwazojie Chukwudalu C. , Onwudiwe Killian C. , Oparah Josephine C. , Aina Toyin , Ezeala Chukwudi C. , Ezenwafor Theresa C. , Odusanya Olushola S. , Soboyejo Winston O.
Published: May 2022

A combination of experiments and theoretical models is used to study the mechanical and thermal properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and magnetite nanoparticle‐reinforced PDMS composites with the potential for applications in biomedical implants for localized hyperthermia and photothermal ablation. Composite samples with varying weight fractions (0,1, 5, and 10 wt.%) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fabricated and tested to determine their stress–strain behavior and fracture toughness. The measured mechanical properties are also compared with predictions from composite and toughening models. The implications of the results are discussed for the design of plasmonic/magnetic nanocomposites with attractive combinations of mechanical and thermal properties that are relevant to laser hyperthermia and photo‐thermal‐ablation.
Integrating long‐term citizen science data and contemporary artisanal fishery survey data to investigate recreational and small‐scale shark fisheries in Kenya
Authors: Wambiji Nina , Kadagi Nelly Isigi , Everett Bernadine I. , Temple Andrew J. , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Kimani Edward , Berggren Per
Published: May 2022

Shark catches are common in small‐scale (artisanal) and recreational fisheries; the magnitudes of these catches remain poorly known and understudied, particularly in developing countries. Data from three sources were used to assess the composition of shark landings in these fisheries in Kenya: boat‐based recreational fishery tagging 1987–2016; observed landings from the Bycatch Assessment and Mitigation in the Western Indian Ocean Fisheries Project 2016–2017; and Catch Assessment Surveys landings data 2017–2020.

Eighteen species were identified among 1,215 sharks recorded in small‐scale fisheries between June 2016 and June 2017. Most of them belonged to the families Carcharhinidae (26%), Triakidae (23%) and Sphyrnidae (14%). Longlines (41%), drift gillnets (30%) and bottom‐set gillnets (21%) recorded the highest proportions of catches.

A total of 501 sharks comprising 16 species were recorded in the recreational tagging data between 1987 and 2016, caught using either trolling lines or rods and reels. The families Carcharhinidae (56%) and Sphyrnidae (12%) represented the highest proportion of the catch.

A generalized linear model was used to assess the effect of year, gear type, season and vessel propulsion mode on the variation in catches of sharks in small‐scale fisheries between 2017 and 2020. Catches were significantly higher in 2017 with high catch rates observed in longlines and handlines.

Findings from this study highlight the importance of citizen science by recreational fishers in increasing awareness around the risks and threats to shark populations. Strengthening of existing monitoring of shark interactions with small‐scale and recreational fisheries is important alongside the implementation of appropriate conservation and management measures such as reductions in fishing effort (e.g. prawn trawling) in nursery areas, prohibiting the capture of CITES‐protected species, and enforcing catch‐and‐release practices by sport fishers to ensure the long‐term sustainability of both the affected shark species and the livelihoods of the fishers.
Report on antennal sensilla ofAphelocheirus ellipsoideus(Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Aphelocheiridae)
Authors: Xie Tong‐Yin , Ma Shi‐Yan , He Fu‐Xia
Published: May 2022

The comparative morphology study on antennal sensilla ofAphelocheirus ellipsoideusfrom the family Aphelocheiridae, carried out with the use of a scanning electron microscope, is provided. Five main types of mechano‐, chemo‐, and thermo‐hygroreceptive sensilla with two subtypes of sensilla basiconica were found and described on their surface, including sensilla trichodea, campaniformia, basiconica, ampullacea, and plate‐like. Antennal sensilla ofA. ellipsoideuson macropterous and brachypterous forms were different.
From nostalgia to knowledge: Considering the personal dimensions of data lifecycles
Authors: Stahlman Gretchen R.
Published: May 2022

Data lifecycle models are used to visualize the stages data resources pass through from creation to completion of a research project and beyond. Although helpful, these models tend to depict idealized and impersonal circumstances that often involve curation actions taken by researchers themselves, while neglecting to represent dynamics particular to researchers' lives and careers. Meanwhile, research data are still infrequently managed successfully according to these models, which is a particular concern for “long tail” data, where sharing tends to depend on individual researchers' decisions and preservation actions. The paper addresses these considerations by exploring the ways in which long tail data lifecycles are entwined with human career lifecycles. Through interviews with astronomers, six affective dimensions that may impact data and career lifecycle dynamics are identified: painstakingness, loose ends, altruism, intellectual passion, legacy, and nostalgia. Building upon these insights and holistically drawing connections between human information behavior and data lifecycle modeling literature and frameworks, a researcher‐centered lifecycle model is proposed that seeks to depict the unique motivations and changing needs of researchers to share data throughout the courses of their careers. The paper concludes with suggestions for theoretical development and curatorial interventions in current data lifecycle modeling and data management practice.
Analysis of early neonatal case fatality rate among newborns with congenital hydrocephalus, a 2000–2014 multi‐country registry‐based study
Authors: Gili Juan Antonio , López‐Camelo Jorge Santiago , Nembhard Wendy N. , Bakker Marian , de Walle Hermien E. K. , Stallings Erin B. , Kancherla Vijaya ,   ECEMC Peripheral Group, Contiero Paolo , Dastgiri Saeed , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Nance Amy , Gatt Miriam , Martínez Laura , Canessa María Aurora , Groisman Boris , Hurtado‐Villa Paula , Källén Karin , Landau Danielle , Lelong Nathalie , Morgan Margery , Arteaga‐Vázquez Jazmín , Pierini Anna , Rissmann Anke , Sipek Antonin , Szabova Elena , Wertelecki Wladimir , Zarante Ignacio , Canfield Mark A. , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo
Published: May 2022

Background

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) comprises a heterogeneous group of birth anomalies with a wide‐ranging prevalence across geographic regions and registry type. The aim of the present study was to analyze the early neonatal case fatality rate (CFR) and total birth prevalence of newborns diagnosed with CH.

Methods

Data were provided by 25 registries from four continents participating in the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) on births ascertained between 2000 and 2014. Two CH rates were calculated using a Poisson distribution: early neonatal CFR (death within 7 days) per 100 liveborn CH cases (CFR) and total birth prevalence rate (BPR) per 10,000 births (including live births and stillbirths) (BPR). Heterogeneity between registries was calculated using a meta‐analysis approach with random effects. Temporal trends in CFR and BPR within registries were evaluated through Poisson regression modeling.

Results

A total of 13,112 CH cases among 19,293,280 total births were analyzed. The early neonatal CFR was 5.9 per 100 liveborn cases, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4–6.8. The CFR among syndromic cases was 2.7 times (95% CI: 2.2–3.3) higher than among non‐syndromic cases (10.4% [95% CI: 9.3–11.7] and 4.4% [95% CI: 3.7–5.2], respectively). The total BPR was 6.8 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 6.7–6.9). Stratified by elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (ETOPFA), region and system, higher CFR were observed alongside higher BPR rates. The early neonatal CFR and total BPR did not show temporal variation, with the exception of a CFR decrease in one registry.

Conclusions

Findings of early neonatal CFR and total BPR were highly heterogeneous among registries participating in ICBDSR. Most registries with higher CFR also had higher BPR. Differences were attributable to type of registry (hospital‐based vs. population‐based), ETOPFA (allowed yes or no) and geographical regions. These findings contribute to the understanding of regional differences of CH occurrence and early neonatal deaths.
A gentle tutorial on accelerated parameter and confidence interval estimation for hidden Markov models using Template Model Builder
Authors: Bacri Timothée , Berentsen Geir D. , Bulla Jan , Hølleland Sondre
Published: May 2022

A very common way to estimate the parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM) is the relatively straightforward computation of maximum likelihood (ML) estimates. For this task, most users rely on user‐friendly implementation of the estimation routines via an interpreted programming language such as the statistical software environmentR. Such an approach can easily require time‐consuming computations, in particular for longer sequences of observations. In addition, selecting a suitable approach for deriving confidence intervals for the estimated parameters is not entirely obvious, and often the computationally intensive bootstrap methods have to be applied. In this tutorial, we illustrate how to speed up the computation of ML estimates significantly via theRpackageTMB. Moreover, this approach permits simple retrieval of standard errors at the same time. We illustrate the performance of our routines using different data sets: first, two smaller samples from a mobile application for tinnitus patients and a well‐known data set of fetal lamb movements with 87 and 240 data points, respectively. Second, we rely on larger data sets of simulated data of sizes 2000 and 5000 for further analysis. This tutorial is accompanied by a collection of scripts, which are all available in the Supporting Information. These scripts allow any user with moderate programming experience to benefit quickly from the computational advantages ofTMB.
Relationships between aggression, sensation seeking, brain stiffness, and head impact exposure: Implications for head impact prevention in ice hockey
Authors: DiFabio Melissa S. , Smith Daniel R. , Breedlove Katherine M. , Buckley Thomas A. , Johnson Curtis L.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the relationship between the number of head impacts sustained in a season of men's collegiate club ice hockey and behavioral traits of aggression and sensation seeking, and (2) explore the neural correlates of these behaviors using neuroimaging.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Participants (n = 18) completed baseline surveys to quantify self‐reported aggression and sensation‐seeking tendencies. Aggression related to playing style was quantified through penalty minutes accrued during a season. Participants wore head impact sensors throughout a season to quantify the number of head impacts sustained. Participants (n = 15) also completed baseline anatomical and magnetic elastography neuroimaging scans to measure brain volumetric and viscoelastic properties. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to examine relationships between (1) impacts, aggression, and sensation seeking, and (2) impacts, aggression, and sensation seeking and brain volume, stiffness, and damping ratio, as an exploratory analysis.

Results

Number of head impacts sustained was significantly related to the number of penalty minutes accrued, normalized to number of games played (r = .62, p < .01). Our secondary, exploratory analysis revealed that number of impacts, sensation seeking, and aggression were related to stiffness or damping ratio of the thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex, but not volume.

Conclusions

A more aggressive playing style was related to an increased number of head impacts sustained, which may provide evidence for future studies of head impact prevention. Further, magnetic resonance elastography may aid to monitor behavior or head impact exposure. Researchers should continue to examine this relationship and consider targeting behavioral modification programs of aggression to decrease head impact exposure in ice hockey.
Fear of hypoglycemia—An underestimated problem
Authors: Przezak Agnieszka , Bielka Weronika , Molęda Piotr
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) is a phenomenon that affects people with diabetes experiencing hypoglycemia. On the one hand, FOH is an adaptive mechanism that helps to protect patients from hypoglycemia and its consequences. On the other hand, the non‐normative level of FOH causes anxiety and tension, disturbs normal functioning, and makes normoglycemia maintenance difficult.

Objective

The main objective of this review was to describe factors influencing FOH and methods of measurement of FOH levels. Moreover, we highlighted the impact of the new technologies used in diabetes therapy on FOH and different therapeutic possibilities helping patients cope with excessive levels of FOH. We also presented clinical cases of patients with high FOH levels met in clinical practice and discussed methods to better diagnose and assist people with this kind of problem.

Methods

We searched for studies and articles via PubMed using the keywords fear of hypoglycemia, diabetes, and hypoglycemia. From screened documents identified from literature search, 67 articles were included in our review.

Results

We divided results from literature screening into five parts: fear of hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia definition, risk factors for the FOH, methods of measuring levels of FOH, therapies for the FOH, and modern technologies. We also described clinical examples of abnormal fear of hypoglycemia in patients.

Conclusion

The review highlights the importance of taking into consideration fear of hypoglycemia phenomenon in diabetic patients in everyday clinical practice.
Association between clinical factors and orofacial dyskinesias in anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Hang Hailun , Lin Liuyu , Li Danhui , Li Jin , Shi Jingping , Lu Jie
Published: May 2022

Background and Purpose

We aimed to determine whether demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and imaging features are associated with orofacial dyskinesias (OFLD) in patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients who were diagnosed with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis were enrolled. All patients’ factors, including demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and imaging features, were obtained at the time of hospitalization. The neurological function was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between clinical factors and OFLD.

Results

In total, 119 patients (median age: 28.0 [19.0–41.0] years; 67 females) were recruited. Of 119 patients, 44 (37.0%) had OFLD. OFLD was associated with increased mRS at admission, serum sodium, lumbar puncture pressure, female biologic sex, fever, psychiatric symptoms, seizures, impaired consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, and central hypoventilation in univariate logistic regression, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that female biologic sex (odds ratios [OR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–17.64; p = .021), increased mRS at admission (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.18–3.71; p = .011), psychiatric symptoms (OR, 7.27; 95% CI, 1.20–43.91; p = .031), and seizures (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 1.22–21.43; p = .026) were associated with OFLD, after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that the following clinical factors are associated with OFLD: female biologic sex, increased mRS at admission, psychiatric symptoms, and seizures.
Investigating the possibility of using second‐life batteries for grid applications
Authors: Rahil Abdulla , Partenie Eduard , Bowkett Mark , Nazir Mian H. , Hussain Muhammad M.
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the potential for use of batteries from retired plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in specific grid applications. In this study, project, a reference capacity test was performed to check the state of health, state of charge (SOC) and battery durability of a PHEV battery, and the pack was then tested under duty cycles for different grid applications to determine whether it would satisfy such applications in technical terms. The duty cycles considered are peak shaving, frequency regulation, photovoltaic (PV) smoothing and renewable energy firming. The data show that the battery can satisfactorily fulfil the requirements of peak shaving applications in terms of stability and battery retention capacity, and that the requirements of the frequency regulation service are also partially met. The untracked time for the battery signal was 4% (slightly exceeding the condition set for passing the tracking test, which is 2%). The SOC and temperature were within permitted limits. The battery, however, did not achieve good performance for PV smoothing or renewable energy (RE) firming. The untracked times were 14% and 11% for PV smoothing and RE firming, respectively (greatly exceeding the 2% condition for passing the tracking test). The SOC and temperature for the PV smoothing were within acceptable limits. The pack failed to complete the RE firming cycle as the SOC reached maximum safety limits after 6 h and 23 min, whereas the duty cycle is 10 h long.
Phase 2 results of lisocabtagene maraleucel in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Makita Shinichi , Yamamoto Go , Maruyama Dai , Asano‐Mori Yuki , Kaji Daisuke , Ananthakrishnan Revathi , Ogasawara Ken , Stepan Lara , Schusterbauer Claudia , Rettby Nils , Hasskarl Jens , Izutsu Koji
Published: May 2022

The autologous anti‐CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell product, lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso‐cel), is administered at equal target doses of CD8+ and CD4+ CAR+ T cells. This analysis assessed safety and efficacy of liso‐cel in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) aggressive large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) in Cohort 3 of TRANSCEND WORLD (NCT03484702). Liso‐cel (100 × 106 total CAR+ T cells) was administered 2–7 days after lymphodepletion. The primary efficacy endpoint was objective response rate (ORR; Lugano 2014 criteria) assessed by an independent review committee. Fourteen patients were enrolled; 10 received liso‐cel infusion (median time to liso‐cel availability, 23 days) and were evaluable at data cutoff (median follow‐up, 12.5 months). Grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events were neutropenia (90%), leukopenia (80%), anemia (70%), and thrombocytopenia (70%). All‐grade cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in 50% of patients, though no grade ≥3 CRS events were reported. Grade 1 neurological events occurred in 1 patient but were resolved without any intervention. Prolonged cytopenia (grade ≥ 3 at day 29) was reported for 60% of patients. The ORR was 70%, and complete response rate was 50%. The median duration of response was 9.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1—not reached), and overall survival was 14.7 months (95% CI, 1.7—not reached). One patient diagnosed with central nervous system involvement after screening but before liso‐cel infusion, responded to liso‐cel. Liso‐cel demonstrated meaningful efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with R/R LBCL.
Someone like me: The role of consumer brand engagement and social identification in the perception of luxury brand users
Authors: Razmus Wiktor , Fortuna Paweł
Published: May 2022

Based on social exchange theory and social identity theory, this article examined how displays of luxury—manipulated through the presence of luxury brand on clothes—affects consumers' perceptions. Through two experiments, we found that consumers with a high level of consumer brand engagement (CBE) assessed an individual with a visible logo of the brand, in which they were engaged, as higher in status, more intelligent and attractive. Moreover, we found a mechanism that explains this phenomenon. Identification with the brand user mediates these relationships, such that displays of luxury in individuals with high levels of CBE leads to identification with the brand user, which in turn enhances the perception of status, intelligence and attractiveness. These results indicate that luxury display may increase more positive person's perception among individuals who engage with the luxury brand. Summing up, our paper reveals that the phenomenon of luxury displays is not universal and should be treated not only in terms of an evolutionary adaptive strategy.
Anchored fallopian tube through the drain tube: A rare case report
Authors: Shrestha Prezma , Kunwar Asma , Rijal Yasoda , Aryal Susan , Adhikari Yagya Raj , Bhattarai Shiva Lal , Gautam Ashmita , Rawal Suniti
Published: May 2022

Anchored fallopian tube through the drain tube is rare. We present a case of a 27‐year‐old female patient who underwent right salpingectomy with the fenestrated drain tube in the pelvic cavity. Postoperatively, the drain could not be removed. Laparotomy revealed the left fallopian tube entering through the fenestration of the drain tube.
Aluminum‐Containing Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Selective and Reusable Catalysts for Glucose Isomerization to Fructose
Authors: Rahaman Mohammad Shahinur , Tulaphol Sarttrawut , Hossain Anwar , Jasinski Jacek B. , Lalvani Shashi B. , Crocker Mark , Maihom Thana , Sathitsuksanoh Noppadon
Published: May 2022

Fructose is a versatile precursor for food and chemicals. Currently, catalytic production of fructose is achieved by enzymatic isomerization of glucose from renewable lignocellulose. Although the catalyst, glucose isomerase, is selective, it is not stable. Here, aluminum‐containing metal‐organic frameworks (Al‐MOFs) are shown to be active, selective, stable, and reusable for glucose isomerization in ethanol. Al‐MOFs achieved 64% fructose selectivity with 82% glucose conversion at 120 °C, superior performance compared with most other solid catalysts. The amino groups in Al‐MOFs enhance Lewis acid strength, which is responsible for the high fructose selectivity at high glucose conversion. Moreover, the Al‐MOF catalyst is stable and reusable at least four times without losing either activity or fructose selectivity. These findings illustrate compelling opportunities for Al‐MOFs in fructose production and other organic reactions, such as fructose conversion to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid.