bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of substituted triphenylenes via nickel-mediated Yamamoto coupling
Authors: Schroeder Zachary W. , LeDrew Joshua , Selmani Vanessa M. , Maly Kenneth E.
Published: December 2021

Nickel-mediated Yamamoto coupling provides a concise and efficient synthesis of triphenylene derivatives, including electron-deficient discotic mesogens.
Metabolome-based profiling of African baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.) using a multiplex approach of MS and NMR techniques in relation to its biological activity
Authors: Baky Mostafa H. , Badawy Marwa T. , Bakr Alaa F. , Hegazi Nesrine M. , Abdellatif Ahmed , Farag Mohamed A.
Published: December 2021

Metabolites profiling of Adansonia digitata L. in relation to its biological activity.
Understanding the constant-voltage fast-charging process using a high-rate Ni-rich cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ku Kyojin , Son Seoung-Bum , Gim Jihyeon , Park Jehee , Liang Yujia , Stark Anthony , Lee Eungje , Libera Joseph
Published: December 2021

This study proposes constant-voltage charging as a promising fast-charging protocol and reveals the origin of capacity degradation in constant-voltage charging.
Ultrafine ruthenium–iridium–tellurium nanotubes for boosting overall water splitting in acidic media
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Songliang , Mao Qiqi , Yin Shuli , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: December 2021

RuIrTe nanotubes exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in acidic electrolytes.
In situ surface reconstruction of a Ni-based perovskite hydroxide catalyst for an efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Fang Yegui , Fang Yusheng , Zong Ruoqi , Yu Zhouyang , Tao Youkun , Shao Jing
Published: December 2021

An in situ surface reconstruction method was developed to boost the activity of a Ni-based perovskite hydroxide for OER catalysis.
High-performance solution-processed red hyperfluorescent OLEDs based on cibalackrot
Authors: Wallwork Nicholle R. , Mamada Masashi , Shukla Atul , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Adachi Chihaya , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Lo Shih-Chun
Published: December 2021

Solution-processed hyperfluorescent red organic light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiencies of 15.3% was achieved by using cibalackrot as the fluorescent emitter, where attaching tert-butyl groups to the assistant host significantly contributes to device performance.
Listening Effort in Cochlear Implant Users: The Effect of Speech Intelligibility, Noise Reduction Processing, and Working Memory Capacity on the Pupil Dilation Response
Authors: Dingemanse Gertjan , Goedegebure André
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of speech recognition performance, working memory capacity (WMC), and a noise reduction algorithm (NRA) on listening effort as measured with pupillometry in cochlear implant (CI) users while listening to speech in noise.

Method:

Speech recognition and pupil responses (peak dilation, peak latency, and release of dilation) were measured during a speech recognition task at three speech-to-noise ratios (SNRs) with an NRA in both on and off conditions. WMC was measured with a reading span task. Twenty experienced CI users participated in this study.

Results:

With increasing SNR and speech recognition performance, (a) the peak pupil dilation decreased by only a small amount, (b) the peak latency decreased, and (c) the release of dilation after the sentences increased. The NRA had no effect on speech recognition in noise or on the peak or latency values of the pupil response but caused less release of dilation after the end of the sentences. A lower reading span score was associated with higher peak pupil dilation but was not associated with peak latency, release of dilation, or speech recognition in noise.

Conclusions:

In CI users, speech perception is effortful, even at higher speech recognition scores and high SNRs, indicating that CI users are in a chronic state of increased effort in communication situations. The application of a clinically used NRA did not improve speech perception, nor did it reduce listening effort. Participants with a relatively low WMC exerted relatively more listening effort but did not have better speech reception thresholds in noise.
Predictors of Patient-Reported Dysphagia and Reflux Symptoms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Bhutada Ankita M. , Broughton William A. , Beverly Brenda L. , Choi Dahye , Barui Sandip , (Focht) Garand Kendrea L.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Despite the reported high prevalence of dysphagia and reflux, patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are not routinely screened for dysphagia or reflux during conventional OSA management. The purpose of this exploratory study was to (a) identify prevalences of dysphagia and reflux self-reported symptoms in patients with OSA and (b) determine associations between dysphagia and reflux symptoms and demographic and clinical variables.

Method:

A chart review was completed on 75 patients with treated OSA during routine medical management at a university-affiliated sleep center. All participants completed the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) questionnaires, which are patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of swallowing and reflux symptoms, respectively. Relevant demographic and clinical variables were extracted. A binary logistic regression was computed to examine the relationships between dysphagia and reflux PROMs and demographic and clinical variables.

Result:

Sixty-three participants met eligibility criteria (
M
age
= 64 years). In addition, 14% (
n
= 9) and 11% (
n
= 7) of patients with OSA syndrome reported swallowing and reflux symptoms, respectively. Among the demographic and clinical variables investigated, there were no significant predictive factors for EAT-10 scores. Age and apnea–hypopnea index were significant predictive factors for RSI scores.

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the first preliminary study to investigate swallowing and reflux symptoms concurrently in OSA, as well as potential mitigating factors. Although our findings suggest a relatively low percentage of patients with OSA report dysphagia and reflux symptoms, the true prevalences of swallowing and reflux disorders may be higher based on previous evidence suggesting that pharyngeal afferent (sensory) dysfunction may cause patients to underestimate their symptoms.
A framework for statistical design of a brushless DC motor considering efficiency maximisation
Authors: Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Rahmani Omid
Published: December 2021

In this study, a framework for statistical design of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor is proposed in order to maximise yield while keeping efficiency as high as possible and the non‐linear constraints, that is, limitations of flux density, current density and physical dimensions, satisfied. The proposed yield maximisation method has two major steps: polyhedral approximation of the constraint region and yield maximisation. By implementing the proposed method, the optimum design parameters, that is, embrace, thickness and length of magnet, are obtained with maximum immunity to variations in magnet dimensions. Also, highly accurate artificial neural network‐based models are used to estimate the objective function and constraints. It is also shown that by adjusting performance constraints (efficiency and flux density), different design goals can be achieved which help to choose the appropriate design according to the designer's goals.
Mass distribution in the Galactic Center based on interferometric astrometry of multiple stellar orbits
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Abuter R. , Aimar N. , Amorim A. , Ball J. , Bauböck M. , Berger J. P. , Bonnet H. , Bourdarot G. , Brandner W. , Cardoso V. , Clénet Y. , Dallilar Y. , Davies R. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Dexter J. , Drescher A. , Eisenhauer F. , Förster Schreiber N. M. , Foschi A. , Garcia P. , Gao F. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Habibi M. , Haubois X. , Heißel G. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Jochum L. , Jocou L. , Kaufer A. , Kervella P. , Lacour S. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Rabien S. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Scheithauer S. , Stadler J. , Stephens A.W. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Tristram K. R. W. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. , Yazici S. , Young A.
Published: December 2021

Stars orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* in the Galactic Center serve as precision probes of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole. In addition to adaptive optics-assisted astrometry (with NACO/VLT) and spectroscopy (with SINFONI/VLT, NIRC2/Keck and GNIRS/Gemini) over three decades, we have obtained 30–100 μas astrometry since 2017 with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner GRAVITY/VLTI, capable of reaching a sensitivity of mK = 20 when combining data from one night. We present the simultaneous detection of several stars within the diffraction limit of a single telescope, illustrating the power of interferometry in the field. The new data for the stars S2, S29, S38, and S55 yield significant accelerations between March and July 2021, as these stars pass the pericenters of their orbits between 2018 and 2023. This allows for a high-precision determination of the gravitational potential around Sgr A*. Our data are in excellent agreement with general relativity orbits around a single central point mass, M• = 4.30 × 106 M⊙, with a precision of about ±0.25%. We improve the significance of our detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the S2 orbit to 7σ. Assuming plausible density profiles, the extended mass component inside the S2 apocenter (≈0.23″ or 2.4 × 104 RS) must be ≲3000 M⊙ (1σ), or ≲0.1% of M•. Adding the enclosed mass determinations from 13 stars orbiting Sgr A* at larger radii, the innermost radius at which the excess mass beyond Sgr A* is tentatively seen is r ≈ 2.5″ ≥ 10× the apocenter of S2. This is in full harmony with the stellar mass distribution (including stellar-mass black holes) obtained from the spatially resolved luminosity function.
Collaborative governance model in COVID-19 pandemic mitigation: a temporary unconditional cash transfer program
Authors: Sri Sentanu I Gede Eko Putra , Kumalasari Klara , Prabowo Ardian
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 disaster has spread all over Indonesia, causing a sense of laziness for people in the economy by paying very large costs, limited activities, and even losing their jobs. The government through the direct cash assistance program as a mitigation measure in reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but so far it has not been effective. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal cooperative governance model for the cash transfer program during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that the cash transfer program still has many obstacles in distributing it to many people who are not on target, which is the result of collaboration between stakeholders such as the Social Service, Population and Civil Registry Office, Village Government, Village Community, Coordinator Team Field, and the COVID-19 Task Force Team. To increase cooperation between these stakeholders by strengthening on several sides such as: First, the government conducts data collection and systematic data collection between the recommendations of the names of beneficiaries from the village with the approval by the Population and Civil Registry Office and the Social Service Office. Second, the Government and the Community carry out monitoring and supervision. The desired impact is that the temporary unconditional cash transfer program can run effectively and benefit people in need. This program is a social network during the COVID-19 period.
Health management of the college student during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Siswati Sri , Giatri Elsa , Safitri Yolanda , Yolanda Puri Ice
Published: December 2021

In early 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 outbreak This virus was originated in Wuhan, China, and hit 216 countries. In Indonesia, there is an increasing trend of data cases on June 11, 2020, as many as 35,295 positive people. This study aims to look at learning and health situations during the pandemic and the health impacts on students. As a result of the pandemic, lecture activities that were originally on campus were moved to homes with a distance learning system. The descriptive research method is authoritative with a sample of 96 students. The results of this study show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, some students experienced health problems as a result of the transition from offline to online learning, such as anxiety, headaches, and fatigue caused by staring at screens for too long and just doing too many assignments. Even though, students are aware of the importance of health protocols and use them, such as social distancing, wearing a mask when outside, and washing their hands. Students affirm that there is an adequate supply of nutritious food. It can be concluded that changes in learning activities have an impact on student’s health, but this can be mitigated with good management and adherence to health protocols.
Improving food security through the urban farming workshop for disaster risk reduction: evidence from Jogoyudan Village, Yogyakarta as a Resilient City
Authors: Jalu Aji Lexi , Hadi Sumantri Siswo , Subiyakto Yuli , Azizah Mir'atul , Rahmawati Annisa
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of urban farming workshops on food security of Jogoyudan Village residents supporting the concept of Yogyakarta as a Resilient City as a disaster risk reduction. This study is a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. This study involved 200 residents in 4 RWs (Neighborhoods) in Jogoyudan Village as the research sample selected by cluster random sampling. RW 08 and RW 10 as the experimental group, while RW 11 and RW 12 as the control group. The research data were collected through assessment instruments in the form of pretest and posttest that were analyzed quantitatively, as well as using the method of observation and documentation. The result of this study indicates that the implementation of the urban farming workshop has a positive effect on improving the understanding level of food security of the people in Jogoyudan Village as evidenced by the value of the Wilcoxon test of 0.000 (α > 0.05) and the Mann-Witney test of 0.000 (α > 0.05). In addition to that, the urban farming workshop can also provide participants with farming skills, which can facilitate greater and easier access for food which is the main indicator of food security, as attested by the experimental group in Jogoyudan Village who was able to independently make hydroponic installations at their homes. This shows that the urban farming workshop can be one of the ways toward disaster risk reduction supporting the realization of Yogyakarta as a Resilient City.
Evaluation of reproductive health program during disaster in West Sumatra Province
Authors: Azrimaidaliza  , Andayani Putri Qori , Markolinda Yessy
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest disaster risk. Disaster could affect all aspects of human life including reproductive health. The study aims to evaluate reproductive health programs during disasters. The study was conducted with a qualitative study regarding the system approach. There were 19 informants from health centers, disaster management agencies, and social institutions in the South of West Sumatra Province. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. Data analysis used content analysis. In the input component, there has been no policy for reproductive health, double responsibility on human resources, and the budget from disaster management for existing facilities. In the process component, a plan for the reproductive health programs does not exist yet and no specific team of health reproductive. The implementation of reproductive health services was data collection, assessment of needs, reproductive health care, and monitoring will be done after a disaster. In the output component, the coverage of indicators for women of childbearing age has been well-served, but not for young women. Management of reproductive health programs is not optimal yet. It is recommended to improve the management of reproductive health programs before, during, and after disasters.
Optimizing modified triaxial testing for small strain zone using local displacement transducers and bender element for cement-treated soft soil
Authors: Akmal Putera Muhammad , Yasufuku Noriyuki , Alowaisy Adel , Rifai Ahmad
Published: December 2021

The settlement behavior is a common problem on the railway structure that can be optimized by applying cement-treated soil as ground restoration. However, the application of a high cement mixing content needs a proper estimation that can be achieved by adjusting the element testing. The strain measurement devices can estimate the deformation characteristics, such as secant modulus, Poisson ratio, and shear modulus that can describe the settlement behavior and stiffness of cement-treated soil. This research is focused on a static analysis of triaxial consolidated undrained (CU¯) testing that is improved by the axial and radial local displacement transducer (LDT) and bender element to increase the accuracy of measurement results. Furthermore, the secant modulus and shear modulus is more accurate when the combination of radial and axial LDT is used due to a small strain range. Lastly, the shear modulus measurement is improved by using a filler in the cement-treated soil for the bender element test. To conclude, this system of testing for the static condition can be utilized for the dynamic condition, because the measurement shows a reliable result for a small strain range which is the parameter of the dynamics condition.
Changes in land cover to reduce erosion and peak discharge of sub-watershed of Danau Limau Manis
Authors: Ophiyandri Taufika , Istijono Bambang , Haria Aditia Putra Teguh , Aprisal  , Hidayat Benny
Published: December 2021

Land cover change is a strategic issue in the Subwatershed of Danau Limau Manis. The community was triggered by the big earthquake of September 30, 2009, so people moved to the upper watershed. The problem is the increasing number of people, the damage to the watershed ecosystem. This damage can be seen from the erosion of river water and the availability of river water during the rainy season and dry season. An appropriate solution is needed to reduce erosion by modeling land cover. This study aims to determine the value of soil erosion and peak discharge. Erosion using a rational formula using the modified universal soil loss equation model based on land units and peak discharge. The land unit is an overlay of land cover maps, slope maps, and soil maps. Land units that produce erosion and exceed the tolerance limit are carried out with a land cover change scenario using the spatial multi-criteria analysis model. Scenario determination is also based on slope maps, land cover maps, soil maps, river flow density maps, forest area maps, erosion values , and the Padang city spatial plan. The study results explain that the erosion and peak discharge resulting from the existing land cover is quite large, namely 47.89 tons/hectares/year and 152.81 m3/sec. After scenario modeling, erosion decreased by 11.91 tons/hectares/year and peak discharge 15.26 m3/sec.
Physical changes of low quality of clay bricks due to sandy-soil mixture under combustion performance
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Indra Ade , Febiana Yunera Annisa , Kurniawan Rudy
Published: December 2021

This research studies the physical properties of the low quality of bricks mixed with sandy -soil in home industries located in Gunung Sarik of Padang City. The ratio mixture of the brick making material in the home industries was not measured with the proper measurement; as a result the quality of the brick was poor. The research used 5 x 5 x 5 cm and 180 cubes of bricks to see the physical changes. The ratio of mixed materials between sandy soil and clay are 0.11.025, 0.43,0.67,1.0, and 1.50. The procedure for making bricks was the same as a factory without changing the factory method. The process of burning bricks for three days and two nights using wood. From the test results, the density of the bricks did not change significantly between direct and indirect fire exposure but decreased in proportion to the addition of sandy soil. The addition of sandy soil reduces the percentage of damage and physical changes. The acceptable ratio of sandy -soil mixture is a range of 0.43.-0.6.
Implementation of earthquake mitigation at the engineering faculty, university of mataram
Authors: Zubaidah Teti , Rosmaliati  , Ramadhani Cipta , Ratnasari Dwi
Published: December 2021

After the 2018 Lombok earthquakes, buildings within the Engineering Faculty of the University of Mataram (FT Unram), were severely damaged and there have been no comprehensive treatments. Facilities to support earthquake mitigation, such as signs for evacuation routes and assembly points (temporary evacuation sites), are still minimal, and even if they are available many of them are not designed and placed properly. Some parts of the buildings have been partially renovated, meanwhile, there are new buildings constructions that have not been investigated related to disaster mitigation. Anticipating the re-occurrence of big earthquakes in Lombok, it is very necessary to carry out activities for implementing earthquake mitigation at FT Unram. The activities are divided into three stages, namely first: conducting direct reviews for inventory and documentation of all vulnerable points, followed by making of maps and building plans; second: determining the proper locations of assembly points, creating labels and signs for evacuation routes and assembly points, and making tutorial videos on safety instructions; third: socialization to the policymakers (Faculties and Department’s officials), and outreach as well as evacuation drill for all academic communities. The expected output of these activities is increasing of understanding and skills of the academic community in conducting disaster mitigation at their workplaces and application of technology as well as recommendations for disaster risk reduction policies at the faculty and university level.
“Monster VIPs”: disaster preparedness training for children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Isrona Laila , Yulistini  , Mardhotillah Fathma , Husna Nadyatul , Fauzan M. , Mujahidah Izzati , Helery Rafif , Yetti Husna , Indah Rosaria
Published: December 2021

Disaster resilience is vital to everyone, including people with disabilities. However, teaching people with disabilities requires special techniques, and there is scant literature in the area. This case study designs and implements disaster preparedness training at a school for children with intellectual disabilities in Padang, Indonesia, an area prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The training utilizes a blended learning approach called ‘Monster VIPs’ that combines various learning methods such as storytelling, posters, videos, puzzles, and disaster simulations to facilitate students to understand disasters responses. The training involves university teachers and disaster preparedness volunteers (Taruna Siaga Bencana/TAGANA) of the city’s social services.
A literature review: model of disaster risk reduction for decision support system
Authors: Jojok Widodo Soetjipto , Entin Hidayah , Faizatus Sholikhah
Published: December 2021

Disaster is a threat to human life. Many losses are caused by disasters, namely loss of life, injured people, loss of homes, and others. In addition, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing every year. Therefore, research on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is needed both to reduce disaster risk and to manage the disaster. The purpose of this research is to develop an appropriate DRR model in an area to assist decision-making in making policy. This research was compiled based on literature studies from various reputable journals to be used as a reference in the preparation of the right model. Then proceed with the development of a framework to model an efficient and effective DRR. The steps for making a holistic DRR model have been identified and the test design for the model has been determined, namely simulation, validation, and scenario. The recommendation given from this study is the preparation of a DSS (Decision Support System) as a tool for decision-makers to make policies regarding DRR-based regional development. This discussion will be continued in the next research by including case studies in certain urban areas.
Performance-based-plastic design method of reinforced concrete structure for operational performance level
Authors: Sunaryati Jati , Nidiasari Nidiasari , Yuliandri Rifqi
Published: December 2021

Under major load earthquakes, reinforced concrete structures designed according to the current codes will experience an inelastic deformation which is difficult to predict and control. Performance-based plastic design (PBPD) methodology is applied forward to design reinforced concrete structures in this study. In this method, as performance criteria, the target drift and yield mechanisms are preselected. Based on the work-energy balance principle, the design base shear is given as earthquake level and calculated as work required to push the structure as monotonically load to the target drift. The load equals the energy needed by an equivalent single degree of freedom in the same state. The plastic design is utilized to design the desired yield mechanism. The method was adopted on a 10-story reinforced concrete structure with an earthquake load in lateral forces based on SNI 1726:2019 and the Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method. Pushover analysis was carried out where the structure was pushed to obtain lateral load resistance followed by yielding gradually until plastic deformation occurred collapse From the pushover analysis, the ductility value for SNI 1726:2019 is less ductile than analytical using the Performance-Based Plastic Design (PBPD) method
Analysis of the effect of various support distances to the bond-strength of plain anchor bolt in concrete
Authors: Hariyadi  , Pradipta Ajeng Larasati , Akmaluddin
Published: December 2021

The structural components of reinforced concrete that withstand the tensile stress will be bonding stress affected by the friction between the reinforcing bar and the concrete. Anchoring depth, reinforcement diameter, and concrete quality are commonly assumed to influence bond strength; besides, the support distance of reinforcement may be one of the influencing factors. The samples in this study were cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and 20 cm for the concrete compression strength and the bond-strength test, respectively, and double-L size 30 x 20 x 7.5 cm for the concrete shear test. Variables in this study include variations in the support distance represented by variations in the diameter of the supporting plate hole, namely 10 mm, 35 mm, 60 mm, 85 mm, and 110 mm. Plain reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm was anchored at 150 mm depth in the centre of the concrete cylinder. The experimental results obtained 26.49 MPa and 10.86 MPa for concrete compression dan shear strength, respectively. Based on various diameters of the supporting plate hole, the hole diameter of 10 mm to 60 mm had a stable increase in bond strength and a significant decrease when a larger hole diameter was used.
Assessment of building structure block D of RS BMC Padang
Authors: Zaidir Zaidir , Reyza Febrian Wahyu
Published: December 2021

Padang city is the capital of West Sumatra province which is on the west side of the island of Sumatra, is an earthquake-prone area, it is near the confluence of the Asian Euro and Indo-Australia tectonic plates. In the last two decades, there have been two large earthquakes in West Sumatra, on March 6, 2007 (5.8 SR) and September 30, 2009 (7.6 SR). The earthquake on September 30, 2009 has caused severe damage in several areas in West Sumatra such as Padang Pariaman Regency, Padang City, Pesisir Selatan Regency, Pariaman City, Bukittinggi City, Padangpanjang City, Agam Regency, Solok City, and West Pasaman Regency. According to Satkorlak PB data, as many as 1,117 people were killed, the serious injuries reached 1,214 people, light injuries 1,688 people, and the missing 1 person. A total of 135,448 homes were severely damaged, 65,380 houses were moderately damaged, and 78,604 houses were lightly damaged. The earthquake has also caused dozens of multi-story buildings in Padang City to suffer damage, lightly, moderately, and severely damaged and some buildings were collapsed. Block D of RS BMC is one of the buildings of RS BMC Padang, which was built in early 2000. Design of the building structure of Block D of RS BMC used SNI 03-2847-1991 and SNI 03-1726-1989. Nowadays, the newest SNI is SNI 03-2847-2019 for reinforced concrete and SNI 03-1726-2019 for earthquake designs. The paper discusses the assessment of the building structure of block D of RS BMC using the new SNI 03-1726-2019 and SNI 03-2847-2019. The earthquake load used is a dynamic earthquake load using Padang city spectrum response and structural analysis using SAP2000 v.14 software. The analysis results obtained, structural elements of columns, beams, and plates are still able to resist the design loads according to the new SNI. The inter-story drift of floors, the effect of P-delta, the vertical irregularities of buildings, the concept of strong column weak beam, and mass participation are still following the newest SNI.
A study on the use of public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kurniati Titi , Nobel Valentino Junico
Published: December 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, public transportation occupancy has decreased significantly. In addition to the sluggish economy, the COVID-19 health protocol rules require that only 50 percent of passengers can be transported for public transportation. This study tries to identify the use of public transportation and the factors that influence this use during the adaptation period for the new habits of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on the frequency of using public transportation before and during the pandemic was processed with the index formula. Before the pandemic period, using public transportation was often, with an index value of 60.8%. During the pandemic period, 10.1% of respondents did not do activities outside the home. Respondents who moved outside their homes (89.9%) used private vehicles (88.3%) and 11.7% public transportation for their trips. The type of public transportation often used is online transportation (motorbike and car) by 62.1%. The frequency of use of public transportation is rare (44.9%) and very rarely (40.8%); the rest are often (9.7%) and very often (4.5%). This value will produce an index value of 44.5% with a sparse interval interpretation. A hypothesis test was conducted between the respondent's characteristics (gender, age, occupation, and vehicle ownership) and the frequency of using public transportation. The result shows that the factor influencing the frequency of using public transportation is the respondent's occupation.
Mapping seismic exposure of building based surface peak ground acceleration: initial seismic risk assessment in Bandung Basin, West Java
Authors: Fakhrurrozi Afnindar , Sari Anggun Mayang , Syahbana Arifan Jaya , Sarah Dwi , Setiadi Bambang , Daryono Mudrik Rahmawan , Bakar Rabieahtul Abu , Lee Jian Cheng
Published: December 2021

An important key to determining the disaster risk is exposure. It is truly dynamic in space and time due to the expansion and change of the settlements. A seismic hazard is an earthquake disaster that can deliver damage to the physical environment. Hence, it is required to analyse the objects exposed by an active earthquake source in the Bandung Basin. The exposed objects that experience the most impact due to the shock of the earthquake are residential buildings. The West Bandung Regency was opted as our study area due to the high-risk zone for earthquake waves based on seismic hazard calculation. This paper tried to analyse the seismic exposure as the impact of earthquake waves around the Bandung Basin on physical buildings in the West Bandung Regency using a geospatial analytics approach. The result shows that the location area with many damaged buildings correlates with the spatial distribution of surface peak ground acceleration.
Evaluation of drying temperature and storage time on the water content, aroma and taste of lemon pepper (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) powder
Authors: Pardede Erika , Simanungkalit Ferlando J. , Manik Johan B.
Published: December 2021

The fruits lemon pepper (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) are commonly used as flavouring in fresh form. Meanwhile, the lemon pepper fruits are perishable and easily attacked by fungi and loss its colour and fragrance. In this study, during a 4-week storage, the effects of drying temperature (40, 50, 60 and 70 oC) in a hot oven on water content, aroma and taste intensity of lemon pepper powder were evaluated. The initial average moisture content of fresh lemon pepper is 68,5 %. Among the four drying temperature that were used, 40 oC and 70 oC showed no significant different effect on water content, while 50 oC and 60 oC produced a lower water content. The intensity of the aroma and taste of lemon pepper decreases significantly with the increase of drying temperature. The moisture content, aroma and taste intensity were also decreased significantly during the experimental storage period (4 weeks). Our experiment has shown that lemon pepper powder dried at 40 oC has a lower water content and can maintain aroma and taste better than lemon pepper dried at 50–70 oC in a hot air oven. Therefore, the drying temperature of 40 oC is a better option for drying lemon pepper.
Water content, pH and cooking loss of broiler meat with garlic-based herbs solution on drinking water
Authors: Sari Tati Vidiana , Zalukhu Putri , Mirwandhono R Edhy
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of garlic-based herbs (combinatioan with shallot, Kaempferia galanga, ginger, betel leaf, turmeric, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, Alpinia galanga, lemongrass and coriander) solution as drinking water during broiler raising on the water content, pH and cooking loos value of the broiler meat. The research design used a CRD with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The dose of herbs ingredients used 25% of the daily drinking water requirement. The results showed a very siginificant difference (P<0.01) to water content and cooking loss but were not significant difference (P>0.05) to the pH value. The results of DMRT showed that the water content of broiler meat with treatment K2, K5, and K5 was significantly higher than K0, K1, K4 and K3 while the cooking loss value showed that the treatment at K0 and K6 was significantly higher than K2, K4, K5 and K1. It can be concluded that the giving of drinking water with garlic and Kaempferia galanga solution produces the lowest of water content (66,89%), pH (6,61) and cooking loss (32,23%) values, so it can be used as an additive in animal feed with to improving the quality of broiler meat.
Identification non-timber forest products as a source of halal food for village communities around the forest
Authors: Latifah Siti , Purwoko Agus , Fachrudin Khaira Amalia , Siregar Jeffry William
Published: December 2021

The community’s reliance on logging forest resources has reached the limit of its carrying capacity. Non-timber forest products are one type of natural resource that can help limit the direct use of timber forest products. Interviewing techniques and field observation were used to acquire data. The findings show that Arenga pinnata and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have economic potential as halal foods are Arenga pinnata, Hevea brasiliensis, Durio zibethinus, Areca catechu, Theobroma cacao, Parkia speciosa, Lansium parasiticum, and Archidendron pauciflorum.
Liquid Argon Instrumentation and Monitoring in LEGEND-200
Authors: Schwarz Mario , Krause Patrick , Leonhardt Andreas , Papp Laszlo , Schönert Stefan , Wiesinger Christoph , Fomina Maria , Gusev Konstantin , Rumyantseva Nadezda , Shevchik Egor , Zinatulina Daniya , Araujo Gabriela R.
Published: December 2021

LEGEND is the next-generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay in 76Ge. The first stage, LEGEND-200, takes over the cryogenic infrastructure of GERDA at LNGS: an instrumented water tank surrounding a 64 m3 liquid argon cryostat. Around 200 kg of Ge detectors will be deployed in the cryostat, with the liquid argon acting as cooling medium, high-purity passive shielding and secondary detection medium. For the latter purpose, a liquid argon instrumentation is developed, based on the system used in GERDA Phase II. Wavelength shifting fibers coated with TPB are arranged in two concentric barrels. Both ends are read out by SiPM arrays. A wavelength shifting reflector surrounds the array in order to enhance the light collection far from the array. The LLAMA is installed in the cryostat to permanently monitor the optical parameters and to provide in-situ inputs for modeling purposes.

The design of all parts of the LEGEND-200 LAr instrumentation is presented. An overview of the geometry, operation principle, and off-line data analysis of the LLAMA is shown.
Arthroscopic Lunotriquetral Ligamentoplasty, from the Cadaver Lab to the Clinical Practice
Authors: Cruz-Sánchez Marcos , Martínez-Andrade Cristóbal
Published: December 2021

Introduction There has been an increase in the diagnosis of injuries to the intrinsic ligaments of the wrist due to the more widespread use of arthroscopy in the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal wrist pain, and arthroscopy is particularly very helpful to determine the etiology of these lesions at the ulnar level. The treatment of lunotriquetral ligament injuries encompasses different techniques with results that are little reproducible. Ligament reconstruction through tendon grafting has shown favorable results, but it involves extensive open approaches that lead to a slower recovery a lower range of joint motion due to the excess of scar tissue. The objective of the present study is to describe the performance, in a cadaver, of a minimally-invasive lunotriquetral and secondary-stabilizer ligamentoplasty and its application in a representative clinical case.

Material and Methods A preliminary study of six specimens in which a lunotriquetral and secondary-stabilizer ligamentoplasty was performed consecutively through a free tendon graft with arthroscopic assistance. We proceeded to recreate the complete ligament injury, and to perform an assessment of lunotriquetral instability according to the Geissler classification and an arthroscopic ballottement test. We describe the surgical technique, ligament stability after the ligamentoplasty, and the subsequent anatomical dissection, assessing the anatomical structures susceptible to iatrogenic injury. We also describe the application of the technique in one case, comparing the clinical parameters before and after the procedure: range of motion of the joint, strength, pain and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Hand, and Shoulder (QuickDASH) questionnaire.

Results The ligamentoplasties performed showed recovery of the stability of the lunotriquetral interval assessed according to the Geissler classification and the arthroscopic ballottement test. In the dissection of the specimens, no iatrogenic lesions were found in the tendons or the surfaces of the mediocarpal and radiocarpal joints. The average distances between the nearest bone tunnels and nerves were of 7.3 mm for the sensory branch of the ulnar nerve, of 3.6 mm for the posterior interosseous nerve, and of 4.5 mm for the ulnar neurovascular bundle. No fractures were observed in the tunnelled bones. In the clinical case herein presented, six months after the intervention, there was an improvement in strength and preoperative pain, with a slight decrease in the joint range of motion (15% compared to the contralateral joint).

Conclusions The lunotriquetral ligamentoplasty herein described could contribute to the biomechanical restoration of the carpus and be an option for recosntruction in selected cases. Its performance through minimally-invasive techniques, and the use of a free tendon graft together with specific rehabilitation should be considered to optimize the outcomes.
Percutaneous Dorsal Approach for Fractures of the Hook of the Hamate: A Less Common but Effective Option
Authors: Gómez Borja Occhi , Olea Ángel García , Sierra Virginia Herrero
Published: December 2021

Introduction Hook of hamate fractures are rare. The best treatment option is a source of debate; it ranges from conservative to surgical techniques, including resection of the hook or a volar approach followed by internal fixation. These techniques are not exempt from risk. Minimal invasive fixation using a dorsal percutaneous approach and a headless, cannulated mini screw is another option, although not commonly considered. We present a case series of patients who underwent this surgical technique.

Methods This is a retrospective review of four patients with nondisplaced hook of hamate fractures treated with dorsal percutaneous fixation. The evaluation included symptoms, physical examination, and radiological (radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and computed tomography [CT]) findings, as well as pre and postoperative strength (determined with a Jamar (JLW Instruments, Chicago, USA) hydraulic dynamometer) and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) scores.

Results The union rate was 100% with no associated complications. All patients resumed their preinjury activities 3 months after the surgery and reported they would undergo surgery again if needed.

Conclusion This retrospective study shows that safe treatment of nondisplaced hook of hamate fractures with percutaneous dorsal fixation is feasible, with excellent clinical outcomes. In any case, our sample is limited, and further studies are required.
A rolling optimization method of reserve capacity considering wind power frequency control
Authors: Xing Chao , Xi Xinze , Li Shengnan
Published: December 2021

Wind power participating in frequency control with reserve capacity is an inevitable requirement for the system with a high proportion of wind power in the future. The existing reserve allocation methods, which consider the wind farm frequency control with reserve often only considered the economy or efficiency of the wind farm to set reserve capacity in fixed percentage, failed to follow the principle of optimal system efficiency and cannot optimize the system frequency regulation economy and frequency stability at the same time. The proposed method from the perspective of the system allocates reserve capacity among wind power, thermal power, and hydropower, who participate in system frequency control. Multi-objective chance constrained programming takes the economy and frequency stability as the optimization objectives. A rolling optimization method of reserve capacity is carried out periodically according to fluctuating wind power and load, making the calculation results in real time. A hybrid intelligent algorithm is adopted to improve the calculation efficiency. The simulation in the IEEE 39-bus test network shows that the proposed method can effectively improve the frequency control effect and system economy. Compared with the reserve allocation method considering wind farm participating in frequency control with reserve capacity in fixed percentage, the proposal can at most reduce the RoCoF by 9.5%, the maximum frequency deviation by 4.3%, and the steady-state frequency deviation by 4.1%, and when the system frequency stability is the only objective, at most 79.4% coal consumption reserve cost in the system can be saved.
Excitation dependent photoluminescence from quantum confined ultrasmall SnS sheets
Authors: Sarkar Abdus Salam , Kumari Anita , Anchala  , Nakka Nagaraju , Ray Rajeev , Stratakis Emmanuel , Pal Suman Kalyan
Published: December 2021

Black phosphorus analogous tin(II) sulfide (SnS) has recently emerged as an attractive building block for photonic and optoelectronic devices due to its intrinsic anisotropic response. Two-dimensional SnS has shown to exhibit in-plane anisotropy in optical and electrical properties. However, the limitations in growing ultrasmall structures of SnS hinder the experimental exploration of anisotropic behavior in low dimension. Here, we present an elegant approach of synthesizing highly crystalline nanometer-sized SnS sheets. Ultrasmall SnS exhibits two distinct valleys along armchair and zig-zag directions due to in-plane structural anisotropy like bulk SnS. We find that in SnS nanosheets, the bandgaps corresponding to two valleys are increased due to the quantum confinement effect. Moreover, the photoluminescence (PL) from SnS quantum dots (QDs) is excitation energy dependent. Our spectroscopic studies infer that PL of SnS QDs originates from the two non-degenerate valleys.
Flexible boundary layer using exchange for embedding theories. II. QM/MM dynamics of the hydrated electron
Authors: Shen Zhuofan , Peng Shaoting , Glover William J.
Published: December 2021

The FlexiBLE embedding method introduced in Paper I [Z. Shen and W. J. Glover, J. Chem. Phys. 155, 224112 (2021)] is applied to explore the structure and dynamics of the aqueous solvated electron at an all-electron density functional theory Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics level. Compared to a one-electron mixed quantum/classical description, we find the dynamics of the many-electron model of the hydrated electron exhibits enhanced coupling to water OH stretch modes. Natural bond orbital analysis reveals this coupling is due to significant population of water OH σ* orbitals, reaching 20%. Based on this, we develop a minimal frontier orbital picture of the hydrated electron involving a cavity orbital and important coupling to 4–5 coordinating OH σ* orbitals. Implications for the interpretation of the spectroscopy of this interesting species are discussed.