bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas Morphology of Milky Way–like Galaxies in the TNG50 Simulation: Signals of Twisting and Stretching
Authors: Waters Thomas K. , Peterson Colton , Emami Razieh , Shen Xuejian , Hernquist Lars , Smith Randall , Vogelsberger Mark , Alcock Charles , Tremblay Grant , Liska Matthew , Forbes John C. , Moreno Jorge
Published: January 2024

We present an in-depth analysis of gas morphologies for a sample of 25 Milky Way–like galaxies from the IllustrisTNG TNG50 simulation. We constrain the morphology of cold, warm, hot gas, and gas particles as a whole using a local shell iterative method and explore its observational implications by computing the hard-to-soft X-ray ratio, which ranges between 10−3 and 10−2 in the inner ∼50 kpc of the distribution and 10−5–10−4 at the outer portion of the hot gas distribution. We group galaxies into three main categories: simple, stretched, and twisted. These categories are based on the radial reorientation of the principal axes of the reduced inertia tensor. We find that a vast majority (77%) of the galaxies in our sample exhibit twisting patterns in their radial profiles. Additionally, we present detailed comparisons between (i) the gaseous distributions belonging to individual temperature regimes, (ii) the cold gas distributions and stellar distributions, and (iii) the gaseous distributions and dark matter (DM) halos. We find a strong correlation between the morphological properties of the cold gas and stellar distributions. Furthermore, we find a correlation between gaseous distributions with a DM halo that increases with gas temperature, implying that we may use the warm–hot gaseous morphology as a tracer to probe the DM morphology. Finally, we show gaseous distributions exhibit significantly more prolate morphologies than the stellar distributions and DM halos, which we hypothesize is due to stellar and active galactic nucleus feedback.
Can Emission Measure Distributions Derived from Extreme-ultraviolet Images Accurately Constrain High-temperature Plasma?
Authors: Athiray P. S. , Winebarger Amy R.
Published: January 2024

Measuring the relative amount of high-temperature, low emission measure (EM) plasma is considered to be a smoking-gun observation to constrain the frequency of plasma heating in coronal structures. Often, narrowband, extreme-ultraviolet images, such as those obtained by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), are used to determine the EM distribution, though the sensitivity to high-temperature plasma is limited. Conversely, the soft X-ray wavelength range offers multiple high-temperature diagnostics, including emission lines of N vii, O vii, O viii, Fe xvii, Ne ix, and Mg xi, which can provide tight constraints to the high-temperature plasma in the log T = 6.1–6.7 (∼1–5+ MK) range. The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS), a slitless spectrograph launched on a NASA sounding rocket on 2021 July 30, resolved an X-ray-bright point in multiple emission lines in the soft X-ray wavelength range. Using coordinated observations of the same X-ray-bright point from SDO/AIA, we compare and contrast the EM distributions from the EUV image data, the X-ray spectra, and the combined EUV and X-ray data set. In this paper, we demonstrate that EM distributions from SDO/AIA data alone can overestimate the amount of high-temperature (log T > 6.4) plasma in the solar corona by a factor of 3–15. Furthermore, we present our effort to cross-calibrate Hinode/X-ray Telescope (XRT) response functions by comparing the observed XRT fluxes with the predicted ones from combined MaGIXS-1 + AIA EM analysis.
Tectonics and Seismicity of the Lunar South Polar Region
Authors: Watters T. R. , Schmerr N. C. , Weber R. C. , Johnson C. L. , Speyerer E. J. , Robinson M. S. , Banks M. E.
Published: January 2024

The lunar south pole regions are subjected to global stresses that result in contractional deformation and associated seismicity. This deformation is mainly expressed by lobate thrust fault scarps; examples are globally distributed, including polar regions. One small cluster of lobate scarps falls within the de Gerlache Rim 2 Artemis III candidate landing region. The formation of the largest de Gerlache scarp, less than 60 km from the pole, may have been the source of one of the strongest shallow moonquakes recorded by the Apollo Passive Seismic Network. The scarp is within a probabilistic space of relocated epicenters for this event determined in a previous study. Modeling suggests that a shallow moonquake with an M

w
of ∼5.3 may have formed the lobate thrust fault scarp. We modeled the peak ground acceleration generated by such an event and found that strong to moderate ground shaking is predicted at a distance from the source of at least ∼40 km, while moderate to light shaking may extend beyond ∼50 km. Models of the slope stability in the south polar region predict that most of the steep slopes in Shackleton crater are susceptible to regolith landslides. Light seismic shaking may be all that is necessary to trigger regolith landslides, particularly if the regolith has low cohesion (on the order of ∼0.1 kPa). The potential of strong seismic events from active thrust faults should be considered when preparing and locating permanent outposts and pose a possible hazard to future robotic and human exploration of the south polar region.
New insights into the chromosomes of stoneflies: I. Karyotype, C-banding and localization of ribosomal and telomeric DNA markers in Skwala compacta (McLachlan, 1872) (Polyneoptera, Plecoptera, Perlodidae) from Siberia
Authors: Bugrov Alexander , Karamysheva Tatyana , Buleu Olesya
Published: January 2024

This study provides data on chromosome number (2n♂♀=26), sex determination mechanism (XY♂/XX♀), C-banding pattern, distribution of clusters of telomeric TTAGG repeats and 18S ribosomal DNA in the karyotype of the stonefly Skwala compacta (McLachlan, 1872). For the first time in the history of stoneflies cytogenetics, we provide photos of the chromosomes of the Plecoptera insects. The karyotype of males and females of S. compacta consists of 12 pairs of autosomes. Three pairs of large autosomes and four pairs of medium-sized autosomes are subacrocentric. The remaining pairs of autosomes are small, with unclear morphology. Pericentromeric C-bands were revealed in all autosomes. The sex chromosomes are also subacrocentric. The short arms of X and Y chromosomes are entirely heterochromatic and are rich in ribosomal DNA sequences. In the X chromosome this arm is larger than in the Y chromosome. It is likely that this arm associated with the nucleolar organizer (NOR). Telomeric DNA (TTAGG)n repeats were detected in the terminal regions of all chromosomes.
A new species of Odorrana Fei, Ye & Huang, 1990 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from central Guangxi, China with a discussion of the taxonomy of Odorrana (Bamburana)
Authors: Chen Wei-Cai , Mo Yun-Ming , Lin Li , Qin Kun
Published: January 2024

A new species of odorous frog, Odorrana damingshanensissp. nov., was found at the Damingshan National Nature Reserve in Guangxi, China. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: medium body size (SVL 52.3–54.8 mm in males and 74.8–81.2 mm in females), sawtooth spinules on the upper lip, obtusely rounded snout that extends beyond the lower margin, distinct dorsolateral folds, horny tubercles on the rear of the back, presence of outer metatarsal tubercles, dilated nuptial pad with velvety spinules, distinct maxillary gland with tiny spines, and external lateral vocal sac. Through analysis of the 16S mitochondria gene, the new species is closely related to O. nasica and O. yentuensis, but the genetic divergence between the new species and the latter exceeds 7% (uncorrected p-distance). Currently, the new species is only known from its original discovery site. Furthermore, a discussion on the taxonomy of Odorrana (Bamburana) was conducted, identifying seven species within the subgenus Odorrana (Bamburana).
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging of Retinoblastoma and Its Correlation With Pathology
Authors: Ramasubramanian Aparna , Riemann Monique , Brown Alex , Tukan Alyson , Tiwari Nishant , Abruzzo Todd , Goncalves Luis F.
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective:

Monitoring the response of retinoblastoma to globe-salvaging therapies is based on subjective assessments of changes determined by fundoscopy, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. Advances in organ-preserving therapies have increased the need for objective, quantitative estimates of tumor response to treatment. Primary tumor volume is a metric that can be objectively determined as a surrogate measure of treatment response.

Patients and Methods:

We evaluated the correlation of objective, quantitative estimates of tumor volume made with two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound with gold standard pathological tumor volumes derived by analysis of enucleation specimens.

Results:

Twelve eyes in 12 patients undergoing primary enucleation were evaluated by 2D and 3D ultrasound during ophthalmic examination under anesthesia prior to enucleation. 2D- and 3D-ultra-sound measurements of tumor volume were both strongly correlated with pathological estimates of tumor volume (
r
= 0.69,
P
= 0.018; and
r
= 0.66,
P
= 0.027, respectively).

Conclusions:

2D- and 3D-ultrasound measurements of retinoblastoma primary tumor volume are highly correlated with pathological estimates. 3D measurements are easy to perform with volumetric probes and consider the irregular morphology of the tumor. Further study should be undertaken to evaluate the performance of these metrics as surrogate markers of tumor response to treatment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2024;55:136–140.]
Browder spectra of closed upper triangular operator matrices
Authors: Bai Qingmei , Chen Alatancang , Gao Jingying
Published: January 2024

Let $ T_{B} = \left[\begin{array}{ll} A & B \\ 0 & D \end{array}\right] $ be an unbounded upper operator matrix with diagonal domain, acting in $ \mathcal H \oplus\mathcal K $, where $ \mathcal H $ and $ \mathcal K $ are Hilbert spaces. In this paper, some sufficient and necessary conditions are characterized under which $ T_{B} $ is Browder (resp., invertible) for some closable operator $ B $ with $ \mathcal D(B)\supset \mathcal D(D) $. Further, a sufficient and necessary condition is given under which the Browder spectrum (resp., spectrum) of $ T_{B} $ coincides with the union of the Browder spectrum (resp., spectrum) of its diagonal entries.
Some novel Kulisch-Miranker type inclusions for a generalized class of Godunova-Levin stochastic processes
Authors: Afzal Waqar , Aloraini Najla M. , Abbas Mujahid , Ro Jong-Suk , Zaagan Abdullah A.
Published: January 2024

Mathematical inequalities supporting interval-valued stochastic processes are rarely addressed. Recently, Afzal et al. introduced the notion of $ \mathtt{h} $-Godunova-Levin stochastic processes and developed Hermite-Hadamard and Jensen type inequalities in the setting of interval-valued functions. This note introduces a more generalized class of Godunova-Levin stochastic process that unifies several previously published results through the use of Kulisch-Miranker type order relations that are rarely discussed in relation to stochastic processes. Further, it is the first time that fractional version of Hermite-Hadamard inequality has been developed by using interval-valued stochastic processes in conjunction with a classical operator. Moreover, we give new modified forms for Ostrowski type results and present a new way to treat Jensen type inclusions under interval stochastic processes by using a discrete sequential form. We end with an open problem regarding Milne type results and discuss the importance of different types of order relations related to inequality terms in interval-valued settings.
Longtime evolution and stationary response of a stochastic tumor-immune system with resting T cells
Authors: Wang Bingshuo , Li Wei , Zhao Junfeng , Trisovic Natasa
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we take the resting T cells into account and interpret the progression and regression of tumors by a predator-prey like tumor-immune system. First, we construct an appropriate Lyapunov function to prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution to the system. Then, by utilizing the stochastic comparison theorem, we prove the moment boundedness of tumor cells and two types of T cells. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of stochastic perturbations on the extinction and persistence of tumor cells and obtain the stationary probability density of the tumor cells in the persistent state. The results indicate that when the noise intensity of tumor perturbation is low, tumor cells remain in a persistent state. As this intensity gradually increases, the population of tumors moves towards a lower level, and the stochastic bifurcation phenomena occurs. When it reaches a certain threshold, instead the number of tumor cells eventually enter into an extinct state, and further increasing of the noise intensity will accelerate this process.
A Nineteenth-Century Italian Workshop of Neo-Late Medieval and Renaissance Ivory Instruments
Authors: Gétreau Florence
Published: January 2024

Some twenty ivory stringed instruments preserved in three main collections and corresponding to an instrumentarium in use at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance form a very homogeneous group. These instruments seem to have been made by the same workshop at the very end of the nineteenth century. Are they attempts of reconstruction or counterfeits?
Vicente Acero y la catedral nueva de Cádiz: algunas precisiones documentales entre muchos interrogantes
Authors: Sainz Gutiérrez Victoriano
Published: January 2024

Son todavía numerosos los puntos oscuros en relación con los primeros años de la construcción de la catedral nueva de Cádiz, sobre todo en lo que se refiere al encargo a Vicente Acero del proyecto y la dirección de obra. El presente artículo, a partir de la consulta de fuentes documentales aún poco explotadas, en particular las actas capitulares de los cabildos eclesiástico y civil de Cádiz, reconstruye el proceso que condujo a seleccionar las trazas del arquitecto montañés para el nuevo templo catedralicio, a su nombramiento como maestro mayor y posterior cese. La lectura conjunta de los datos que ya se conocían con los que ahora se aportan permite situar esos hechos bajo una nueva luz.
El encargo de Francisca de Beaufort a Gaspare Landi: recatalogando el retrato de los hijos del duque de Osuna atribuido a William Beechey
Authors: Hernández Carralón Gema
Published: January 2024

Madrid compró el cuadro Los hijos del IX duque de Osuna, atribuido desde 1896 a William Beechey. Tanto su aire romántico, como la edad de los retratados y sus trajes, pero sobre todo la falta de documentación sobre la relación del pintor con la familia Osuna obligaban a revisar esta catalogación. Gracias a los documentos del Archivo Histórico de la Nobleza, ha podido establecerse con precisión que la fecha del retrato es hacia 1823 y que fue realizado en Roma por obra de Gaspare Landi, identificando a los retratados como nietos, en lugar de hijos, del IX duque de Osuna. Esta atribución recupera además la figura de la comitente del cuadro, Francisca de Beaufort, X duquesa de Osuna.
Crónica de Coreografía. Bailes y Danzas de Vicente Escudero. Granada: Centro Federico García Lorca, 14-VI-2022 a 8-I-2023. Valladolid: Patio Herreriano. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Español, 25-III-2023 a 10-IX-2023.
Authors: Preciado-Azanza Gonzalo
Published: January 2024

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Secondary School Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Online Learning Tools: Teachers’ Behaviour in Distance Education
Authors: Berková Kateřina , Krpálková Krelová Katarína , Krpálek Pavel , Vacínová Tereza , Kubišová Andrea
Published: January 2024

Secondary school teachers’ attitudes towards online learning tools have been modified by systemic measures adopted in the school network as a result of COVID-19. This unexpected crisis situation forced schools to quickly implement digital infrastructure and look for optimal methods of online education. The aim of this study is to investigate on which factors (gender, age and subject area taught) the use of online tools for teaching activities depends. The aim is also to explore the subjective emotional experience of teachers when using online tools and the reasons of their perceived stress in distance education in the Covid era. The factors influencing the use of online tools for teaching, teachers’ subjective emotional experiences of using online tools, and the reasons for teachers’ perceived burden in distance education in the COVID era are analyzed using Welch’s ANOVA test and Games-Howell’s Post-Hoc test. The correlation values focused on teachers’ perceived feelings using online teaching tools are calculated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results are directed towards the level of teachers’ emotional experience in the context of using online tools for the respective activity. Satisfaction and well-being are experienced by teachers when explaining, activating students, assigning written work, and providing information resources. The study identified a major problem in education, which is the use of online tools for oral examinations. Another problem is the integration of homework into online education. The study has practical impact on the integration of teachers’ digital competences. A holistic approach should be developed in teacher training, seeking to fully integrate digital competences, and social and health aspects should also be taken into account.
Enhancing Teachers’ AI Competencies through Artificial Intelligence of Things Professional Development Training
Authors: Kitcharoen Pornchai , Howimanporn Suppachai , Chookaew Sasithorn
Published: January 2024

The rapid increase in new challenges of the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), which are emerging technologies, can play a compelling role in prompting the development of artificial intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT). Therefore, the demand for AI competencies for everyone will increase. Educational institutes focus on encouraging AI education because the demand for AI-literate workers will increase in the industrial sector. However, teachers’ lack of AI knowledge is a significant barrier to AI education. Thus, developing the teacher’s AI competencies and educating them about how to use and teach students is critical. In this study, we proposed artificial intelligence of things professional development (AIoT-PD) training to prepare the AI competencies of teachers ready to teach. A quasi-experimental design with a two-day training workshop was conducted among 13 teachers to examine its impact on AI competencies, including AI knowledge, AI skill, and AI attitude. The quantitative data were collected via a pretest and posttest after the training activity, while qualitative data were collected via interviews. This study showed that teachers’ AI knowledge significantly improved. These findings revealed the AIoT training workshop’s effectiveness in enhancing teachers’ AI competencies, which can help them effectively teach students in AI education.
Advancing Agriculture With Industry 5.0-Enabled Crop-Type Prediction
Authors: Mishra Abhikalp , Praveen Pushkar , Subudhi Ananya , Majila Somil , Negi Sachin
Published: January 2024

Agriculture is the global foundation of food security and economic stability, crucial for sustenance, employment, and environmental sustainability. Its significance transcends borders. Type of crop produced plays a key role in the agricultural yield. A key problem faced by the farmers is lack of knowledge of the type of crop to be produced as well as the amount of fertilizer required in their particular soil. Farmers think that the higher the fertilizer used, the greater the productivity. But it is not correct. The soil uses the exact amount it needs and leaves the rest. Over utilization leads to leaching and decrease in the natural soil fertility and many such problems. Also, always farming the same crop in the farmland makes the cropland barren; hence, the produce does not yield much profit for the farmers.
Applications of Deep Learning in Healthcare in the Framework of Industry 5.0
Authors: Tripathi Padmesh , Kumar Nitendra , Paroha Krishna Kumar , Rai Mritunjay , Panda Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2024

Emergence of deep learning (DL) and its applicability motivated researchers and scientists to explore its applications in their fields of expertise. In medical technology, a huge amount of data is required, and dealing with huge data is a challenging task for researchers. The emergence of neural networks and its modifications like convolutional neural networks (CNN), generative adversarial network (AGN), recurrent neural networks (RNN), and their subcategories has provided a stage to flourish deep learning. DL has been a successful tool in the fields of pattern recognition, natural language processing (NLP), image processing, speech recognition, computer vision, etc. All these techniques have been employed in healthcare. Image processing has been proven to be a fruitful technique for physicians to properly diagnose patients through CT scan, MRI, PET, radiography, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, etc. In this chapter, some applications of DL in healthcare have been envisaged, and it has been concluded that this technique is very successful in healthcare.
Image Processing Applications in Agriculture With the Help of AI
Authors: Verma Raj Kishor , Kishor Kaushal
Published: January 2024

Agriculture has significant challenges in the 21st century, which is why cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing are being employed to alter current farming operations. The primary study concern is the increased availability of visual data from a variety of sources, such as drones, satellites, and ground-based imaging equipment, which give critical information on crop and soil health as well as animal monitoring. The authors look at how AI algorithms can analyze this rich data and detect illnesses, pests, and nutritional deficits early on to help precision agriculture and reduce chemical use. In addition, they explore how image processing is used in automated irrigation management, where artificial intelligence (AI) uses meteorological data and satellite photos to optimize water use and protect resources. They also explore mechanized harvesting with AI-controlled robots that not only improve efficiency but also increase productivity.
Machine Learning for Smart Health Services in the Framework of Industry 5.0
Authors: Kumar Nitendra , Tripathi Padmesh , Nanda R. Pavitra , Tiwari Sadhana , Sharma Samarth
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the transformative potential of machine learning in shaping smart health services within the framework of Industry 5.0. Through a comprehensive exploration of applications, methodologies, and real-world case studies, this chapter illustrates how machine learning algorithms are revolutionizing healthcare services. From real-time data analytics to personalized treatment pathways, the integration of machine learning empowers healthcare practitioners to make informed decisions that drive efficiency, accuracy, and patient-centred care. The chapter highlights the symbiotic relationship between machine learning and Industry 5.0, showcasing how data-driven insights and real-time collaboration are fostering the evolution of smart health services. As healthcare transitions from reactive to proactive, this chapter envisions a future where machine learning-driven smart health services not only optimize processes but also enhance patient well-being, marking a transformative step toward a patient-centric, technologically empowered future.
Cloud Security
Authors: Patel Kaushikkumar
Published: January 2024

This chapter delves into the multifaceted aspects of cloud security, highlighting unique challenges posed by the cloud environment, such as multi-tenancy and virtualization, and the critical need for robust data privacy measures. It explores advanced security protocols and measures, emphasizing the importance of encryption and threat mitigation strategies. The discourse extends to the dynamics of mobile cloud computing security, underscoring pertinent considerations. The chapter culminates with insights into future research directions, advocating for continuous innovation in cybersecurity mechanisms to pace with evolving threats.
Harnessing the Power of Geospatial Data
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Ali Aitizaz , Tin Ting Tin , Ali Asmat
Published: January 2024

This chapter explored the transformative impact of cloud computing on geospatial data management, highlighting its scalability, cost-efficiency, and security features. This exploration adopted a qualitative method based on a literature review, systematically analyzing existing works to gain insights into the qualitative dimensions of the evolving intersection between cloud computing and geospatial data management. It detailed the integration of parallel processing, GIS platforms, machine learning, and data visualization within the digital landscape, fostering innovation. The narrative extended to include emerging technologies like edge computing, blockchain, AR/VR, and geospatial data marketplaces, giving rise to a groundbreaking geospatial data as a service (DaaS) model. Emphasizing the cloud's pivotal role in handling geospatial big data, the chapter outlined capabilities in parallel processing, GIS orchestration, machine learning integration, and disaster recovery.
Real-World Implementation of Cloud Computing New Technologies
Authors: Dhabliya Dharmesh , Dari Sukhvinder Singh , Sakhare Nitin N. , Dhablia Anish Kumar , Pandey Digvijay , George A. Shaji , Hameed A. Shahul , Dadheech Pankaj
Published: January 2024

Smart cities are novel and difficult to study. Fires can kill people and destroy resources in cities near forests, farms, and open spaces. Sensor networks and UAVs are used to construct an early fire detection system to reduce fires. The suggested method uses sensors and IoT apps to monitor the surroundings. The suggested fire detection system includes UAVs, wireless sensors, and cloud computing. Image processing improves fire detection in the proposed system. Genuine detection is also improved by rules. Many current fire detection technologies are compared to the suggested system's simulation findings. The approach improves forest fire detection from 89 to 97%.
Exploring Travel Medicine Perspectives among Primary Care Physicians in Kurnool District: A Comprehensive Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices
Authors: Satharla Rajesh Raja , Ahad Hindustan Abdul
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim:

The study’s purpose is to improve the quality of care for both local residents and travelers in the Kurnool district by identifying and addressing gaps and barriers. The main objective of the research was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practical implementation of travel medicine among primary health-care physicians working in the Kurnool district.

Materials and Methods:

The research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A total of 397 primary care doctors in the Kurnool area participated. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic factors, travel medicine knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Results:

The study revealed that a significant portion (around 79.5%) of the participants reported providing travel health advice at some point. The primary source of information on travel medicine for most participants (66%) was the Ministry of Health’s travel guides. However, the study identified a knowledge gap, as 11.4% of individuals were unaware of the origin of typhoid infection. The most common health issues reported during posttrip consultations were diarrhea and respiratory infections.

Conclusion:

The study’s findings suggested that the general practitioners in the Kurnool district had insufficient knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning travel medicine. This underscores the need for additional education and training in travel medicine to improve traveler health care and reduce the risk of preventable diseases.
Yolk Sac Tumor in Ascitic Fluid – Cytodiagnosis of a Rare Case
Authors: Mehraj Meesa , Aden Durre , Khan Sabina , Ahmad Nehal , Jetley Sujata
Published: January 2024

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a germ cell tumor of gonads presenting in children and young adults. It is rare to find metastasis of the YST in effusion fluid. We report a case of a YST in a 17-year-old female diagnosed on cytological examination of ascitic fluid and confirmed histologically after resection as YST. This case not only highlights the rare possibility of metastasis of the YST in ascitic fluid cytology but also emphasizes the diagnostic dilemma it causes in diagnosing such cases in body fluids. Detailed clinical history including the age of the patient, along with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels is essential to a make a preoperative diagnosis. Histopathology with AFP immunohistochemistry confirms the diagnosis of such lesions.
Comparison of quantification of intraretinal hard exudates between optical coherence tomography en face image versus fundus photography
Authors: Park Donghee , Kim Kyoung Lae , Park Sung Pyo , Kim Yong-Kyu
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

To compare the quantification of intraretinal hard exudate (HE) using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography.

Methods:

Consecutive en face images and corresponding fundus photographs from 13 eyes of 10 patients with macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy or Coats’ disease were analyzed using the machine-learning-based image analysis tool, “ilastik.”

Results:

The overall measured HE area was greater with en face images than with fundus photos (en face: 0.49 ± 0.35 mm2 vs. fundus photo: 0.34 ± 0.34 mm2, P < 0.001). However, there was an excellent correlation between the two measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.844). There was a negative correlation between HE area and central macular thickness (CMT) (r = -0.292, P = 0.001). However, HE area showed a positive correlation with CMT in the previous several months, especially in eyes treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (CMT 3 months before: r = 0.349, P = 0.001; CMT 4 months before: r = 0.287, P = 0.012).

Conclusion:

Intraretinal HE can be reliably quantified from either en face OCT images or fundus photography with the aid of an interactive machine learning–based image analysis tool. HE area changes lagged several months behind CMT changes, especially in eyes treated with anti-VEGF injections.
ZEPTO-assisted pseudophakic capsulotomy: Precision pulse technology for management of capsular contraction syndrome
Authors: Diakonis Vasilios F , Tsaousis Konstantinos T , Kretz Florian T A
Published: January 2024

We describe a novel technique that uses precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC) to perform a secondary capsulotomy for the management of anterior capsule contraction syndrome (ACCS), a condition that comprises a late complication after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Micropulse secondary capsulotomy offers a controlled and safe approach for patients with severe anterior capsule contraction syndrome and may be considered as an alternative surgical technique.
Cross-sectional study on the psychosocial factors, the severity of depression, and coping strategies among patients attempting suicide
Authors: Saharia Barasha , Ghosh Soumitra
Published: January 2024

Background:

With around 10–20 million individuals attempting suicide each year, suicide attempts have been considered a significant public health issue. A significant fraction of it is caused by depression. Life events and other psychosocial stressors were frequently linked to both depression and suicidal behavior. Coping strategies are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral approaches used to lessen and cope with the negative impacts of stressful situations.

Aim:

This study aimed to find the psychosocial factors, the severity of depression, and coping strategies among patients attempting suicide.

Materials and Methods:

Study design: This study was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 120 consecutive cases were selected using Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) scales and assessed for severity of depression and coping strategies using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE) scales, respectively. Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and independent-samples t-test have been performed to see the association between categorical and continuous variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to see the relationship between two continuous variables.

Results:

Most of the cases (33.3%) were found to be severely depressed. Among all the cases, the majority, that is, 90.8%, were using avoidant-type coping strategies and only 9.2% were using approach-type coping strategies. A significant positive correlation between the avoidant-type coping strategy and depression and a negative correlation between the approach-type coping strategy and depression was found.

Conclusion:

Patients with depression attempting suicide were found to utilize avoidant-type coping strategies to cope with life stresses. Hence, it is crucial to place greater emphasis on assessing coping strategies and focus on teaching approach-oriented coping strategies as a means to prevent suicidal attempts.
Validation of social cognition and interaction training’s (SCIT) videos and photographs in Indian setting
Authors: Kumari Parul , Sayeed Neha , Das Basudeb , Bose Swarnali , Umesh S. , Khanande Roshan V. , Raj Justin
Published: January 2024

Background:

Social cognition deficit is one of the marked characteristics of schizophrenia. Accumulated evidence suggests that social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) is associated with improved performance in social cognition and social skills in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders. The cultural influence on social cognition is quite considerable. So, studies in the area of social cognition domains need to adapt and use culturally appropriate tools and measures to see the effectiveness. This study aimed to validate the materials used in SCIT training in Indian setting.

Materials and Methods:

The original script of video clips was translated into Hindi and was reshot, and the images were remade. A panel of experts rated the videos and images on a 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, the content validity and internal consistency of the materials were calculated.

Results:

The content validity ratio (CVR) critical value was 0.357, and all the videos and images received more than the CVR critical value. The intraclass correlation coefficient for videos was 0.974, for SCIT photographs was 0.971, for “spotting character” was 0.975, and for “emotion shaping” was 0.965, indicating good internal consistency.

Discussion:

The majority of the experts in the panel found the videos and images adequate and appropriate for the Indian setting. In addition, the videos and photographs both yielded good internal consistency.
Comparing attention, impulsivity, and executive functions between patients with opiate use disorder: Buprenorphine maintenance treatment versus active users, in comparison with healthy controls
Authors: Keleş Didem Beşikci , Bilici Rabia , Ayık Batuhan , Kılıç Muhsin Koray , Kliewer Wendy
Published: January 2024

Background:

Opioid use disorders (OUDs) affect over 16 million people worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence rate in Asia. OUDs are associated with significant health consequences, including neurocognitive impairment, which affects individuals’ ability to make decisions, respond to stressful situations, and regulate behavior. Understanding the specific ways in which OUDs affect cognitive functioning is important in treatment considerations.

Methods:

This study compared the attention, impulsivity, and executive functions of Turkish men with active OUD (n = 40) with those of men in remission from OUD who were on buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance (BMT; n = 41) and with those of a comparison group of healthy controls (HC; n = 43). The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to assess neurocognitive functioning.

Results:

Analyses found significant impairment in measures of continuous attention, cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and executive functions in the two patient groups compared to the control group, but the two patient groups did not differ from each other.

Conclusion:

The data from this study indicate that individuals with OUD exhibit neurocognitive damage, and those in remission from OUD who receive maintenance treatment do not show improvement in this domain. Neurocognitive damages should be considered in long-term treatment planning of patients with OUD.
Resting state and activated brain glutamate–glutamine, brain lactate, cognition, and psychopathology among males with schizophrenia: A 3 Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-MRS) study
Authors: Singh Ujjwal , Das Basudeb , Khanra Sourav , Roy Chandramouli
Published: January 2024

Background:

Research on glutamate (Glu) in schizophrenia has so far been inconclusive. Based on preclinical studies on Glu lactate interaction, researchers have now focused on brain lactate level as a sign of major pathology, including cognitive dysfunctions in the brain. Our study aimed to examine changes at resting and activated states in brain lactate and Glu–glutamine (Glx) at the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in schizophrenia.

Methods:

A hospital-based prospective study was conducted with twenty-two male cases of schizophrenia and matched healthy controls (HCs). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Stroop tasks were administered among patients. Brain lactate and Glx at ACC were measured at resting state and during the Stroop test with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) both at baseline and at remission and once among HC.

Result:

Though MoCA scores improved significantly (P < 0.001) at remission from baseline among cases, repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) did not find a significant time effect for Glx (P = 0.82) and lactate (P = 0.30) among cases from baseline to remission. Glx and lactate changed differently from baseline to remission.

Conclusion:

Our study did not find significant differences in Glx and lactate between schizophrenia patients and HC. No significant time effect on Glx and lactate was observed from baseline to remission among schizophrenia cases. Different changes observed in Glx and lactate from baseline to remission require replication in future studies with larger sample size, longer follow-up period, and multivoxel MR assessment.
A qualitative study to assess satisfaction with the Manipal model of telepsychiatry among patients and caregivers
Authors: Shetty Sumalatha R. , Vaddar Thippeswamy , Munoli Ravindra N.
Published: January 2024

Context:

Telepsychiatry in India is nearly two decades old and is witnessing rapid adaptation in clinical services. This warrants studying the satisfaction with this mode from healthcare seekers’ point of view.

Aim:

This study aimed to study the treatment satisfaction among persons with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers receiving telepsychiatry services via the Manipal model.

Settings and Design:

This was a qualitative cross-sectional study conducted in three centers, which were part of the Manipal model of telepsychiatry, namely community healthcare centers at Hebri, community healthcare centers at Byndoor, and primary healthcare center (PHC) at Kandlur of Udupi District.

Methods and Material:

Semi-structured interview schedule and focused group discussions were conducted to assess the treatment satisfaction.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics were used to analyze sociodemographic data, and data generated from focused group discussions were qualitatively analyzed. Collected data were coded, and themes were generated from the codes.

Results:

A total of 45 persons with psychiatric disorders and 28 of the caregivers receiving telepsychiatry services were recruited into this study. Results revealed high satisfaction among patients and caregivers with telepsychiatry services provided to them. Qualitative results of this study revealed high satisfaction among patients and caregivers with telepsychiatry services in different domains such as time, cost of treatment, convenience, doctor–patient communication, and healthcare quality.

Conclusion:

This study witnessed that patients and caregivers were highly satisfied with telepsychiatry services provided to them. These findings clearly indicate the importance of telepsychiatry services in the country, where the concept of telepsychiatry and its practice is rising.
Effects of Meditative Practices on Academic Stress and Resilience of Ninth-graders
Authors: Kaur Ramanjeet , Sharma Latika
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Rising stress levels among students in the current era of cutthroat competition are a cause of concern, and one of the major reasons for this rising stress is to excel in academics. Academic stress negatively impacts the lives of students, which raises an utmost need to control this stress among students. With a decrease in stress, there is also a necessity to make them able to bear stress up to some extent, i.e. to make them resilient. Meditative practices are considered effective in reducing stress among students, and these also led to improvements in resilience among practitioners. These studies served as a base for executing meditative practices as an intervention for the current study.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of meditative practices on the academic stress and resilience of ninth-graders.

Settings and Design:

A nonequivalent pretest–posttest control group design was used. The school was chosen using purposive sampling, and the experiment was conducted on ninth-class students; the intact sections of the class were randomly assigned as the experimental and control groups for the purpose.

Materials and Methods:

The Academic Stress Scale by Chavhan and the Resilience Scale by Kaur were administered for the assessment of academic stress and resilience.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the gain scores of the experimental and control groups for academic stress and resilience. The rank biserial correlation was done to calculate the effect sizes.

Results:

Academic stress was significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group at the time of the posttest; however, no significant improvements were observed on the scale of resilience among the students of the intervention group compared to the control group at the time of the posttest.

Conclusions:

Meditative practices can be appraised as a valuable tool for the reduction of academic stress among students and that does not cost a penny. More intensive and long practices may be needed for the improvement of resilience among ninth-class students.
A Scoping Review of Clinical Approach and Personalized Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mana Nileena Namboodiripad Kakkattu , Dhamodaran Gomathi , Balan Ashok Kumar , Varadarajan Vivekanand Vishnampettai , Ramakrishnan Nagarajan
Published: January 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common yet frequently underdiagnosed. It not only impairs the sleep quality but also associated with multiple comorbidities. This review article aims at providing an update on the diagnosis and management of OSA through a personalized approach. The prevalence of OSA is more in males than premenopausal females (almost 3:1–5:1) and this equalises after menopause. History taking in OSA should focus not only on symptoms such as snoring, choking, dryness of mouth, and daytime somnolence but also on comorbidities. Various options and levels of polysomnography are currently available and newer options being explored to make OSA assessment more simpler, accessible, and feasible. Traditional approach included assessment of oropharyngeal anatomy, pulmonary system, and anthropometry. Alternatively, personalized approach involves scoring based on Pcrit, Arousal threshold, Loop gain and Muscle responsiveness (PALM Scale) scale and offering customized options for the management. In addition to newer modalities in surgical approach to OSA, promising results have been noted with medical therapy with Solriamfetol and Dronabinol. OSA in children has been linked with various comorbidities and is notably different from adult OSA. With the increasing literature on various endophenotypes of OSA, the onus is on the physician to evaluate the patient and categorize appropriately for personalized treatment.
Total laparoscopic curative resection of a rare pan-necrotic solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor in a child
Authors: Pal Kamalesh , Shukla Deepti , Pal Aniket , Pal Ankita
Published: January 2024

Tumor necrosis is purportedly related to an aggressive tumor phenotype in few solid tumors such as pancreatic ductal carcinoma, breast and bladder carcinomas. We hereby report a unique pan-necrotic (98% of tumor) pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor in a 13-year-old child who underwent laparoscopic subtotal pancreatectomy and curative resection. To our knowledge, this is the first account of complete tumor necrosis in a pancreatic neoplasm with curative laparoscopic resection. This case report has discussed the literary background of various mechanisms of cell death in solid tumors to explain the plausible cause of unique pan-tumor necrosis.
Association of pentraxin in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ilango Paavai , Mahendra Jaideep , Mahendra Little , Cherian Sanjay M. , Suresh Vasugi , Mahalingam Arulpari , Khanna V. Vinoth , Thanigaimalai Abirami
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a biomarker, associated with the pathogenesis of Periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) individually, but their role in patients with both diseases remains unclear. The current study aims to evaluate the association of PTX in patients with concomitant periodontitis and CAD.

Materials and Methods:

In a case–control study, 240 participants were selected and divided into four groups. Nonperiodontitis + noncardiac = 60 patients, periodontitis + noncardiac (P + NC) = 60 patients, nonperiodontitis + cardiac (NP + C) = 60 patients, periodontitis + cardiac (P + C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. PTX was evaluated in the subgingival plaque and atheromatous plaque samples using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Among the demographic variables, age showed a significant difference between the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP + C and P + C groups (P ≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were significantly higher in P + NC and P + C groups (P ≤ 0.05). PTX was significantly elevated in P + C group (P = 0.000). Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant correlation between the periodontal parameters and PTX in both the cardiac and oral samples.

Conclusion:

PTX3 levels were elevated in CAD patients with periodontitis suggesting the influence of periodontal inflammation in the progression of CAD. PTX3 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for both periodontitis and CAD. This study could provide an understanding and awareness about the potential role of PTX3 in both periodontitis and CAD.