bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FPSO/LNG hawser system lifetime assessment by Gaidai multivariate risk assessment method
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Cao Yu , Ashraf Alia , Sheng Jinlu , Zhu Yan , Liu Zirui
Published: July 2024

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit being an offshore vessel, storing and producing crude oil, prior to crude oil being transported by accompanying shuttle tanker. Critical mooring/hawser strains during offloading operation have to be accurately predicted, in order to maintain operational safety and reliability. During certain types of offloading, excessive hawser tensions may occur, causing operational risks. Current study examines FPSO vessel’s dynamic reactions to hydrodynamic wave-induced loads, given realistic in situ environmental conditions, utilizing the AQWA software package. Current study advocates novel multi-dimensional spatiotemporal risks assessment approach, that is particularly well suited for large dataset analysis, based on numerical simulations (or measurements). Advocated multivariate reliability methodology may be useful for a variety of marine and offshore systems that must endure severe environmental stressors during their intended operational lifespan. Methodology, presented in this study provides advanced capability to efficiently, yet accurately evaluate dynamic system failure, hazard and damage risks, given representative dynamic record of multidimensional system’s inter-correlated critical components. Gaidai risk assessment method being novel dynamic multidimensional system’s lifetime assessment methodology. In order to validate and benchmark Gaidai risk assessment method, in this study it was applied to FPSO and potentially LNG (i.e., Liquid Natural Gas) vessels dynamics. Major advantage of the advocated approach is that there are no existing alternative risk assessment methods, able to tackle unlimited number of system’s dimensions. Accurate multi-dimensional risk assessment had been carried out, based on numerically simulated data, partially verified by available laboratory experiments. Confidence intervals had been given for predicted dynamic high-dimensional system risk levels.
Deciphering the fiber quality of Gossypium barbadense L. var. brasiliensis in La Convención, Cusco, Perú
Authors: MORALES-ARANIBAR Luis , SÁENZ Manuel Canto , MORALES-ARANIBAR Carlos Genaro , RIVERA Marite Yulisa Nieves , AGUILERA Jorge González , STEINER Fábio , BARDIVIESSO Diógenes Martins , ZUFFO Alan Mario
Published: July 2024

Background

The quality of cotton fiber determines its value in the textile market, influencing agricultural profitability and the efficiency of textile processing. The selection of genotypes with superior fibers is a key factor for genetic improvement programs seeking adaptability and sustainability in the face of climate change. This demonstrates the strategic importance of this plant for sustainable agriculture and the global textile industry. The objective of this research was to decipher the fiber quality of Gossypium barbadense var. brasiliensis in the native Amazonian communities of La Convención, Cusco-Perú, and to evaluate other critical aspects of native cotton that have not yet been identified. The methodology included non-probability sampling for accessibility, qualitative and quantitative analyses, and multivariate analyses. The fiber length (mm), micronaire index (maturity/fineness), fiber strength (gf/tex), length uniformity index (%), fiber elongation (%), maturation index (%), and short fiber index (%) were the fiber characteristics evaluated using the HVI method in cotton genotypes.

Results

Cotton accessions collected from Koribeni (Gossypium spp.) and Shivankoreni (Gossypium barbadense var. brasiliensis) stood out for their fiber quality properties, especially length, strength, and uniformity, which highlights their relevance for advanced textile applications and potential for use in plant genetic improvement programs.

Conclusion

These findings reinforce the need to conserve and study these native cotton accessions from the Peruvian Amazon region, which can offer promising perspectives for the textile industry and agricultural biodiversity.
Determinants of financial literacy: a systematic review and future research directions
Authors: Rehman Khurram , Mia Md Aslam
Published: July 2024

Financial literacy is considered an essential attribute for individuals and businesses to make optimal decisions. Considering the importance of financial literacy and the dearth of rigorous summaries in the existing literature on this topic, this study aims to investigate the factors affecting financial literacy. In doing so, we conducted a systematic review by selecting 53 papers from the Scopus database published between 1981 and 2024. Our investigation revealed that financial literacy is a multidimensional concept, and its determinants can be summarized into seven dimensions, namely demographic, socio-economic, psychological, financial, societal, Islamic, and technological factors. While demographic and socio-economic factors are widely used, psychological, financial, societal, and Islamic factors have received less attention from researchers. Nevertheless, the integration of technology into financial markets has recently drawn interest in the technological facet of financial literacy. Additionally, we analyzed the most influential papers and co-authorship networks in financial literacy research, providing a network analysis of existing studies. We further suggest that religious and technological factors, specifically Islamic financial literacy and digital financial literacy, may also influence financial literacy and deserve further investigation.
Phase I study of TQB3728 tablets, an oral inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in patients with advanced solid tumor.
Authors: Zheng Qiufan , Li Su , Xia Wen , Hong Ruoxi , Jiang Kuikui , Huang Jiajia , Xu Fei , Tu Lifan , Tang Shaonan , Huang Mengjia , Wang Shusen
Published: July 2024

e13104

Background: Apoptosis proteins are frequently upregulated in human cancers and are associated with resistance to therapeutic agents and poor outcomes. TQB3728 antagonizes the function of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thereby inhibiting NF-кB signaling pathways and promoting cancer cell death. This first-in-human study aims to evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of TQB3728 in patients with advanced solid tumors after the failure of standard therapy. Methods: This study combined an accelerated dose titration design with a 3+3 dose escalation design. Three dosage schedules were explored. First of all, TQB3728 was given orally once a week, on a 28-day cycle (DS1). The starting dose of 25mg was escalated by 100% in a single patient until the third dose, then diverted to a 3+3 dose escalation design. The other two dosage schedules were TQB3728 given once daily on days 1-14 every 3 weeks (DS2) and daily every 4 weeks (DS3). The primary endpoint was safety, maximum tolerated or maximum administered dose (MTD), and the secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tumor response per RECIST v1.1. Results: As of Dec 15, 2023, 23 patients (pts) received at least one dose of TQB3728 (dose range, 25 to 600mg). Based on the pharmacokinetics and safety of DS1, then DS2 (dose range, 100 to 200mg) and DS3 (dose range, 100 to 200mg) were investigated. The median follow-up period was 8.5m (range, 0.5 to 25m). No dose-limited toxicity and cytokine release syndrome were observed. The main treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were nausea (56.5%), lymphopenia (56.5%), dizziness (39.1%), hypersomnia (34.8%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (30.4%), increased alanine aminotransferase (26.1%), vomiting (26.1%), anemia (21.7%), decreased appetite (21.7%), and grade≥3 TRAE were lymphopenia (8.7%), anemia (4.4%). As for DS1, the average Tmax and t1/2 were 2 h and 9.6 h, respectively. The exposure did not increase with the dose above 150mg. Moreover, the average Tmax was about 2.3 h and 0.8 h, and t1/2 was 6.6 h and 7 h in DS2 and DS3, respectively. There was no significant accumulation with continuous medication. Additionally, Plasma MCP-1 increased at 3-6h postdose at high dose; cIAP-1 levels in PBMCs were undetected. Two pts (8.7%) had stable disease >6 weeks as the best treatment response. Conclusions: TQB3728 was well tolerated at doses up to 600mg but had limited anti-tumor activity in advanced solid tumor. According to the preliminary results, TQB3728 administered orally in combination with conventional chemo-radiotherapy is under exploration. Clinical trial information: NCT04523285 .
Effect of AFPGC immune-microenvironment and resistance to immunotherapy.
Authors: Chong Xiaoyi , Lu Jialin , Wang Yakun , Zhang Xiaotian
Published: July 2024

e16041

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a rare subtype GC with high with high morbidity and mortality rates. Even though immunotherapy has become the cornerstone of first-line treatment, our previous results suggest that AFPGC was resistant to immunotherapy, standard regimen remains unclear. It is warranted to explore precision immunotherapy strategies for AFPGC. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 98 patients with gastric cancer receiving mono-immunotherapy was included. Kaplan-Meier survival plots for PFS and OS were generated based on the AFP levels. Log-rank tests were used to compare the survival curves. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the efficacy of immunotherapy between patients with different levels of AFP. AFPGC in vivo models were constructed, and after in vivo administration, RNA-seq, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used to explore and validate the features of the AFPGC microenvironment and explore immunotherapy combination strategies. Results: Retrospectively analysis demonstrated that the response of mono-immunotherapy in AFPGC was inferior to that in non-AFPGC (ORR: 16.7% vs 29.3%; DCR: 33.0% vs 55.4%). The response of the subcutaneous transplant tumor model with AFP overexpression to PD-1 antibody was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, RNA-seq results from the secondary PD-1 antibody resistant model showed that the mRNA level of AFP was significantly upregulated in the resistant model. RNA-seq results from transplant tumors of AFPGC compared to nAFPGC revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to neutrophil chemotaxis and angiogenesis. Flow cytometry confirmed that the proportion of neutrophils in AFPGC was significantly higher than that in nAFPGC. SB265610 (neutrophil chemokine receptor inhibitor) combined with PD-1 antibody and apatinib (anti-angiogenesis) plus PD-1 antibody were administrated in animal models. Both of the regimens could release the primary resistance to PD-1 antibody. Based on these preclinical findings, we designed and conducted a clinical study (NCT04609176) to explore the reponse of apatinib combined with PD-1 antibody in AFPGC. Primary endpoints were achieved and will be announced in the near future. Typical case is depicted as follows: A 79 years old male patients diagnosed with low-differentiated adenocarcinoma of GC, AFP: 135220 ng/ml. After fail in chemotherapy, patients were treated with third-line apatinib 250mg po d1-d21, PD-1 monoclonal antibody 200mg d1, q21d for 6 cycles. Patient was evaluated as partial response (PR) for 4 months and AFP sharply decreased to 945 ng/ml. Conclusions: AFPGC is resistant to PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Combined treatment with SB265610 or apatinib can alleviate or reverse the resistance, making it the most promising treatment regimen for AFPGC.
Survival outcomes with curative intent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
Authors: Joung Bowon , Castillo Dani Ran , Park Daniel , Al-Manaseer Farris , Jeon Won Jin , Yang Chieh , Burke Linnea , Woo Yanghee
Published: July 2024

e16070

Background: The prognosis of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (GC-PM) remains dismal. Despite the many studies evaluating hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery (HIPEC-CRS) for GC-PM in various treatment settings, its curative role in combination with systemic chemotherapy remains unclear. Methods: To determine the survival benefit of CRS-HIPEC in patients with GC-PM, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines on primary studies from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2023. Inclusion criteria were studies involving adults with GC and histologically proven PM who received curative intent gastrectomy, D2 lymphadenectomy, and systemic chemotherapy. Exclusion criteria were studies involving patients with GC without PM involvement and HIPEC utilized strictly for prophylactic purposes. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), with a focus on 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival outcomes. We performed a random effects meta-analysis of risk ratios using RevMan and assessed heterogeneity using I2. Results: Of 452 studies identified, we included 5 studies and a total of 524 patients with survival outcome of CRS-HIPEC and standard chemotherapy were compared. We observed significantly better OS for patients who received CRS+HIPEC compared to those who received systemic chemotherapy without CRS-HIPEC (odds ratio (OR) 0.50, 95% CI [0.39-0.65], I2= 3%, P < 0.00001). Further analysis demonstrated improved 1-year OS (OR 0.53, 95% CI [0.30-0.93], I2= 45%, p = 0.03), 2-year OS (OR 0.53, 95% CI [0.35-0.81], I2= 0%, p = 0.003), and 3-year OS (0.35, 95% CI [0.14-0.84], I2= 21%, p = 0.02). Low heterogeneity (3%) amongst all the groups suggests that variations within the subgroups did not impact the homogeneity of the dataset. Conclusions: Overall, use of CRS and HIPEC in addition to systemic chemotherapy resulted in statistically significant improvement in OS up to year 3 compared to standard palliative chemotherapy alone in patients with GC-PM. Further studies are warranted to evaluate HIPEC in the curative attempt setting, specifically in combination with emerging targeted therapies.
Exploration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and post-tumor microenvironment for advanced gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (EGJ).
Authors: Gou Miaomiao , Gao Yunhe , Qiao Zhi , Wang Zhi-Kuan , Liu Yi , Dai Guanghai
Published: July 2024

e16099

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is still the main strategy for operable local advanced gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (EGJ). Keynote585 and Matterhorn studies had demonstrated the improvement of pathologic complete response rate (PCR), however, the overall survival benefit remains unclear. Little is known why patients’ response differently to NAC in terms of chemotherapy regiment and post neoadjuvant tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the resectable GC or EGJ patients who had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery during 2019.11.26-2023.8.18 in the Chinese PLA general hospital. Patients with complete survival data were enrolled in the final evaluation. The association between clinical features or chemotherapy regiment and outcomes including TGR grade (NCCN criteria) and survival data were explored. Furthermore, tumor-microenvironment by means of multiplex fluorescence staining(mIHC) (CD8, CD68, CD56, PD1, PDL1, PANCK) after SOX neoadjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed. Results: 184 patients were offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent surgery. Due to follow-up lost, 141 patients with complete survival data were included in this analysis finally. Average age was 61, majority of patients were male. 85 patients received Sox and 33 received Xelox and 12 patients with docetaxel and S1(DS) and 11 patients were administered with triplets (FOLT and DOS). The median cycle of neoadjuvant treatment was 4(range from 1-7). Large proportion of patients were performed Laparoscopic. 31 patients suffered from post surgery complication. Above all, 1-year DFS and 2-year DFS, 3-year DFS rate were 72.6%, 54.8%, 49.0% respectively. 2-year OS and 3-year OS rate were 76.9%, 64.5%. PCR rate was 6.38% (n=9), which is consistent with other previous studies. 9 patients achieved TRG 0 and 26 had TRG 1. There is no statistical difference between triplets and double regiment of NEC for TRG0-1 group (45.5% vs 23.1%, p=0.099). The addition of docetaxel to oxaliplatin based therapy had not improved the TRG0-1 population compared with docetaxel-free regiment (30.4% VS 23.7%, p=0.496). YN0 is a predictor of longer survival in contrast YN+( 1-year DFS, 89.4% vs 62.8%, p=0.000).In the mIHC analyses, the density of CD8 positive and CD8+PD1- in the TGR0-1 group is higher than those cells in the TGR 2-3 group(P<0.05). TGR0-1 group had lower density of PDL1+,CD68+PDL1+ and CD68+PDL1- cells in contrast to TGR 2-3 group(P<0.05).Other multi-dimensional analyses were ongoing to be further disclosure. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to nearly 7% PCR rate for patients with local advanced GC. YN0 after NAC is a predictor of longer survival. CD8 positive and CD8+PD1- might be the determinant immune cells for better anticancer-response when exposed to chemotherapy.
A phase 1/2, open-label, multicenter, dose escalation and cohort expansion study of the safety and efficacy of anti-CD70 allogeneic CRISPR-Cas9–engineered T cells (CTX131) in adult patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors.
Authors: Pal Sumanta Kumar , Reimers Melissa Andrea , Garmezy Benjamin , Xu Wenxin , Hoimes Christopher J. , Weinstein Michael , Cullingford Erika L , Ma Anna , Williams Leah M , Dar Henia , Keegan Alissa , Srour Samer Ali
Published: July 2024

TPS2676

Background: CD70, a type II transmembrane protein and member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, demonstrates high expression across multiple malignancies making it an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. CD70 is expressed in 80% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and in 40-60% of cervical carcinoma (CC), esophageal carcinoma (EC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), and pleural mesothelioma (PM) (1). CTX131 is a CD70-directed allogeneic CAR T cell investigational product manufactured ex vivo from healthy donor T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Genetic modifications in CTX131 include targeted insertion of a CD70-directed CAR construct, and targeted disruption of 5 loci: TRAC (to reduce risk of GvHD), B2M (to improve persistence in the allogeneic setting), CD70 (to reduce fratricide and improve anti-tumor function), TGFBR2 (to reduce immunosuppressive effect of TGFB in the tumor microenvironment), and Regnase-1 (to improve functional persistence) (2). Preclinical studies show the combination of TGFBR2 and Regnase-1 disruption in CTX131 works synergistically to enhance anti-tumor activity, inhibit tumor growth in xenograft mouse models, prolong survival, and increase central memory T cell populations (3). Methods: We are conducting a phase 1/2 study in patients (pts) with unresectable or metastatic ccRCC, CC, EC, PAC, and PM. Part 1 is a dose escalation with two separate cohorts, one for ccRCC pts and another for CC, EC, PAC, and PM pts. Part 1 ccRCC cohort began recruiting in 2023. Part 2 is a single-arm expansion of disease-specific cohorts. Key eligibility criteria include at least one prior line of standard treatment, ECOG status 0-1, evaluable disease per RECIST v1.1 (or modified RECIST1.1 for PM), adequate hematologic and organ function, and availability of tumor tissue for CD70 IHC. Key exclusion criteria include prior treatment with CD70-targeting agents and active CNS metastasis. Pts will receive standard lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine 30 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 daily x 3 days followed by CTX131 IV infusion at doses ranging from 30-900 million cells in 4 dose level cohorts. Redosing with CTX131 is permitted. For Part 1, the primary endpoint is DLTs with secondary endpoints including ORR, DOR, PFS, and OS. For Phase 2 the primary endpoint is ORR by IRC assessment. The trial is currently open with enrollment ongoing. 1. Flieswasser et. al. 2019. 2. Mai et. al. 2023. 3. Terrett 2023. Clinical trial information: NCT05795595 .
A phase 1, first-in-human study of CUSP06, a cadherin-6 (CDH6) -directed antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with platinum-refractory/resistant ovarian cancer and other advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Spira Alexander I. , Lee Elizabeth Katherine , O'Cearbhaill Roisin Eilish , LoRusso Patricia , Falchook Gerald Steven , Patel Manish R. , Richardson Debra L. , Covino Nicole , Lu Wei , Marreddy Priya , Farrington Daphne L. , Wheler Jennifer J. , Slosberg Eric Daniel , Subbiah Vivek , Meric-Bernstam Funda
Published: July 2024

TPS3166

Background: Cadherin-6 (CDH6) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cancer metastasis and invasion expressed in various tumor types including ovarian cancer (OC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), papillary thyroid cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular cancer, glioma, uterine serous carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. CUSP06 is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against CDH6 conjugated with a protease-cleavable linker, T1000, to exatecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. In preclinical studies, CUSP06 showed CDH6-dependent cell growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cell lines. High CDH6-expressing ovarian and renal CDX and PDX models demonstrated tumor regression after treatment with CUSP06, as did low CDH6-expressing PDX models of other solid tumors. Methods: This is a Phase 1a/1b, open-label, multicenter dose escalation and expansion study to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), and preliminary efficacy of CUSP06 in patients with platinum-refractory/resistant ovarian cancer (PRROC), advanced RCC and other advanced CDH6-positive solid tumors. Patients with advanced solid tumors previously treated with standard of care systemic therapy, or for whom no standard therapy is available are eligible for enrollment. Prescreening for CDH6 expression will be required for those patients with solid tumors other than PRROC or RCC. CUSP06 will be administered intravenously every 21 days. Phase 1a will follow a standard 3+3 dose escalation design. Phase 1a also includes up to 3 dose enrichment cohorts at doses that have demonstrated safety, each with a maximum of 18 patients, to generate additional safety, PK, PD, and preliminary efficacy data to support an optimized dose for expansion. Phase 1b consists of several dose expansion cohorts including PRROC, RCC, and other CDH6-positive solid tumors, to be enrolled according to Simon's 2-stage design. Mandatory pre- and on-study biopsies in dose expansion cohorts will support a robust exploratory biomarker plan that may include correlation of CDH6 levels with response, and other RNA and protein markers of sensitivity and resistance. The study is currently enrolling in Phase 1a dose-escalation. Clinical trial information: NCT06234423 .
Muon ring and FCC-ee/CEPC based antimuon-electron colliders
Authors: Akturk Dilara , Dagli Burak , Sultansoy Saleh
Published: July 2024

Recently, the construction of an antimuon-electron collider, μTRISTAN, at KEK has been proposed. We argue that the construction of a similar muon ring tangential to FCC-ee and CEPC will give an opportunity to realize antimuon-electron collisions at higher center-of-mass energies. Moreover, the same ring may be used later to realize energy-frontier antimuon-proton colliders based on FCC-pp and SppC. Similarly, the change of the electron ring in the μTRISTAN project into the proton ring will give the opportunity to investigate lepton-hadron collisions at ∼2 TeV center-of-mass energies. In this paper the main parameters of the proposed colliders have been studied. It is shown that sufficiently high luminosities can be achieved for all proposals under consideration.
Relationship Between Serum Thyrotropin Levels and Metabolic Diseases in Older Adults
Authors: Zhai Xiaodan , Li Yongze , Teng Xiaochun , Teng Weiping , Shi Xiaoguang , Shan Zhongyan
Published: July 2024

Context

Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic diseases; however, it remains controversial in older individuals.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) levels and metabolic diseases.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, sampling was conducted from nationally representative general communities from 31 provinces in mainland China. A total of

6791 older (aged ≥65 years) and 55 303 young participants (aged 18-64 years) were selected after excluding individuals with overt hyperthyroidism or overt hypothyroidism. According to the kit, TSH reference range (0.27-4.2 mU/L) and the age-specific TSH range previously formulated (an upper limit of 8.86 mU/L for older adults and 6.57 mU/L for young adults), the older adults and young adults were separately divided into 4 groups based on their TSH levels. Main outcome measures included anthropometric assessments, serum concentrations of thyroid functions, and various metabolic parameters.

Results

In contrast to young adults, there was no significant increase in the prevalence of any metabolic disorders assessed in the slightly elevated TSH group (TSH 4.21-8.86 mU/L) compared to the euthyroid group (TSH 0.27-4.2 mU/L) among older adults. After adjusting for interference factors, a TSH level higher than 8.86 mU/L was found to be an independent risk factor for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.14-2.98) and dyslipidemia (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.09-2.04) when compared to the euthyroid group in older adults.

Conclusion

Slightly elevated TSH levels are not associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases in older adults. Therefore, we recommend raising the upper limit of the TSH range for individuals aged 65 years and older.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Norway: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Velde Christoffer Drabløs , Molnes Janne , Berland Siren , Njølstad Pål Rasmus , Molven Anders
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare, monogenic disease characterized by excessive insulin secretion. We aimed to evaluate all probands with suspected CHI in Norway registered over the past 2 decades.

Methods

The study included 98 probands. Clinical data were cumulated from medical records. All probands were screened for variants in the genes ABCC8 and KCNJ11. Other CHI-related genes were Sanger-sequenced as indicated by the patients’ phenotype (n = 75) or analyzed by next-generation sequencing employing a panel of 30 CHI-related genes (n = 23).

Results

Twenty-one probands (21%) received a diagnosis other than CHI, the most common being idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (9%) or syndromic hyperinsulinism (4%). In the final cohort of 77 CHI probands, genetic findings were revealed in 46 (60%). ABCC8 variants were most common (n= 40), and 5 novel variants were identified. One proband harbored both the pathogenic GCK variant p.(Ala456Val) and the ABCC8 variant p.(Gly505Cys). Although most ABCC8 variants caused immediate disease onset with severe hypoglycemia and were diazoxide-unresponsive, 8 probands had a heterozygous, apparently dominant variant with milder phenotype. Two probands had pathogenic variants in GLUD1, whereas variants in HADH, HNF4A, KCNJ11, and HK1 were identified in 1 proband each, the latter being noncoding. Neurologic sequelae were reported in 53% of the CHI probands. Of nonsurgically treated probands, 43% had spontaneous resolution. The minimum birth prevalence of CHI in Norway is 1:19,400 live births.

Main Conclusion

Individuals with disease-causing ABCC8 variants dominated our cohort. Patients with known genetic etiology had earlier and more severe disease onset than genetically unsolved patients.
Empire Goes On: Transpacific Circuits of Care Work
Authors: Gonzalez Vernadette Vicuña
Published: July 2024

In “Empire Goes On: Transpacific Circuits of Care Work,” Vernadette Vicuña Gonzalez links the gendered labor of entertainment and hospitality to post–Cold War tourism economies in Asia and the Pacific, locating BTS within this geography and history. Reading their consumption of a hula dance performance on holiday in Hawai’i for their travel show BON VOYAGE alongside the killings of Asian masseuses in Atlanta during the pandemic and their own roles as ambassadors of Korean culture and tourism, Gonzalez foregrounds a circuit of racialized care work to contextualize BTS’s travels. Centering the experience of Asian women in the context of imperial military interstate collaboration, Gonzalez argues for a more complex and comprehensive reckoning with the conditions that shape the gendered and sexualized asymmetries of Asian labor mobilities outside of and within Asia.
Surgical Strategy for Dumbbell-Shaped Cervical Schwannoma at the Vicinity of the Vertebral Artery: The Utilization of Anatomic Layer
Authors: Park Hangeul , Kim Sum , Kim Young-Rak , Park Sung-Hye , Rhee John M. , Chung Chun Kee , Kim Jun-Hoe , Lee Chang-Hyun , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Kim Chi Heon
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In cases where dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma encases the vertebral artery (VA), there is a risk of VA injury during surgery. The objective of this study is to propose a strategy for preserving the VA during the surgical excision of tumors adjacent to the VA through the utilization of anatomic layers.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 37 patients who underwent surgery for dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma with contacting VA from January 2004 to July 2023. The VA encasement group consisted of 12 patients, and the VA nonencasement group included 25 patients.

RESULTS:

The perineurium acted as a protective barrier from direct VA exposure or injury during surgery. However, in the VA encasement group, 1 patient was unable to preserve the perineurium while removing a tumor adjacent to the VA, resulting in VA injury. The patient had the intact dominant VA on the opposite side, and there were no new neurological deficits or infarctions after the surgery. Gross total resection was achieved in 25 patients (67.6%), while residual tumor was confirmed in 12 patients (32.4%). Four patients (33.3% of 12 patients) underwent reoperation because of the regrowth of the residual tumor within the neural foramen. In the case of the 8 patients (66.7% of 12 patients) whose residual tumor was located outside the neural foramen, no regrowth was observed, and there was no recurrence of the tumor within the remaining perineurium after total resection.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, when resecting a dumbbell-shaped cervical schwannoma contacting VA, subperineurium dissection prevents VA injury because the perineurium acts as a protective barrier.
Variations in cell plasticity and proliferation underlie distinct modes of regeneration along the antero-posterior axis in the annelid Platynereis
Authors: Bideau Loïc , Velasquillo-Ramirez Zoé , Baduel Loeiza , Basso Marianne , Gilardi-Hebenstreit Pascale , Ribes Vanessa , Vervoort Michel , Gazave Eve
Published: July 2024

The capacity to regenerate lost tissues varies significantly among animals. Some phyla, such as the annelids, display substantial regenerating abilities, although little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying the process. To precisely determine the origin, plasticity and fate of the cells participating in blastema formation and posterior end regeneration after amputation in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we developed specific tools to track different cell populations. Using these tools, we find that regeneration is partly promoted by a population of proliferative gut cells whose regenerative potential varies as a function of their position along the antero-posterior axis of the worm. Gut progenitors from anterior differentiated tissues are lineage restricted, whereas gut progenitors from the less differentiated and more proliferative posterior tissues are much more plastic. However, they are unable to regenerate the stem cells responsible for the growth of the worms. Those stem cells are of local origin, deriving from the cells present in the segment abutting the amputation plane, as are most of the blastema cells. Our results favour a hybrid and flexible cellular model for posterior regeneration in Platynereis relying on different degrees of cell plasticity.
DIS3 ribonuclease is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Wang Zhengpin , Wu Di , Xu Xiaojiang , Yu Guoyun , Li Nana , Wang Xiao , Li Jian-Liang , Dean Jurrien
Published: July 2024

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal and differentiation provide foundational support for long-term, steady-state spermatogenesis in mammals. Here, we have investigated the essential role of RNA exosome associated DIS3 ribonuclease in maintaining spermatogonial homeostasis and facilitating germ cell differentiation. We have established male germ-cell Dis3 conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which the first and subsequent waves of spermatogenesis are disrupted. This leads to a Sertoli cell-only phenotype and sterility in adult male mice. Bulk RNA-seq documents that Dis3 deficiency partially abolishes RNA degradation and causes significant increases in the abundance of transcripts. This also includes pervasively transcribed PROMoter uPstream Transcripts (PROMPTs), which accumulate robustly in Dis3 cKO testes. In addition, scRNA-seq analysis indicates that Dis3 deficiency in spermatogonia significantly disrupts RNA metabolism and gene expression, and impairs early germline cell development. Overall, we document that exosome-associated DIS3 ribonuclease plays crucial roles in maintaining early male germ cell lineage in mice.
Η μετασχηματίζουσα μάθηση μέσα από την αισθητική εμπειρία στη διαπολιτισμική εκπαίδευση
Authors: Παναγιωτακοπούλου Αρχοντία-Μυρτώ
Published: July 2024

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να διερευνηθεί αν η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου της «Μετασχηματίζουσας Μάθησης μέσα από την Αισθητική Εμπειρία» στους 20 μαθητές Ρομά Γ΄, Δ΄ και Ε΄ Τάξης που φοιτούν στο 13ο Δημοτικό Σχολεία είναι τελέσφορη, έτσι ώστε οι εκείνοι να κατανοήσουν τα οφέλη της συμμετοχής τους στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Για τον παραπάνω σκοπό ακολουθήσαμε και εστιάσαμε στα βήματα της μεθόδου της μετασχηματίζουσας μάθησης μέσα από την αισθητική εμπειρία. Επιπλέον χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος της τριγωνοποίησης (triangulation) για την αναλυτική και επισταμένη διερεύνηση των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων. Η έρευνά μας απέδειξε πως είναι αναγκαία η εφαρμογή εναλλακτικών και καινοτόμων πρακτικών όπως αυτή της μεθόδου της «Μετασχηματίζουσας Μάθησης μέσα από την Αισθητική Εμπειρία» προκειμένου οι συγκεκριμένοι μαθητές Ρομά της Πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης να κατανοήσουν τα οφέλη της συμμετοχής τους στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία.
"Aguardan el día en que un vapor les repatrie”: la imagen de los españoles repatriados en el diario ahora (1930-1936).
Authors: Manjarrés Ramos Elízabeth
Published: July 2024

El impacto de la recesión económica de los años treinta del siglo XX entre los emigrantes españoles en América generó una significativa diáspora de repatriados. El costo de las repatriaciones y las condiciones materiales extremadamente precarias que traían alarmaron a la administración republicana y tuvieron repercusión en los medios de comunicación. En este sentido, esta investigación se centra en estudiar la imagen de los españoles repatriados de Latinoamérica en el diario Ahora (1930-1936), analizando las emociones, acciones y representaciones asociadas a las personas de este grupo. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo hemos realizado una revisión hemerográfica y un análisis crítico del discurso de las noticias publicadas sobre el tema en el diario Ahora. Los resultados muestran que Ahora priorizó un enfoque generalizante de los repatriados que ocultaba la diversidad interior del grupo y los relacionaba con ideas como fracaso, indigencia y pasividad. Este tipo de encuadre dificulta la creación de puentes empáticos y puede inducir al rechazo social. Se evidencia también que la cobertura de este fenómeno tuvo una función de alerta para evitar nuevas emigraciones.
Z opozycji do wspólnoty: Historia Elżbiety Krawczyk Małej Siostry Jezusa
Authors: Huzarska-Szumiec Magda
Published: July 2024

Tego dnia zakopiańscy licealiści wybierali się na wycieczkę w Tatry. Większość z nich znała otaczające ich rodzinną miejscowość góry jak własną kieszeń. Skaliste turnie, granie, przełęcze od urodzenia były ich żywiołem, a wędrówki po nich ulubionym sposobem spędzania wolnego czasu. Tylko Ela, choć należała do paczki i zawsze miała szalone pomysły, za każdym razem wymigiwała się od tych wypraw. Na szczytach nie czuła się bezpiecznie. Może przyczyną tego był fakt, że ze sportem była trochę na bakier. A może zwyczajnie bała się, że sobie nie poradzi. Jednak jeden z kolegów uparł się, że nauczy dziewczynę chodzić po Tatrach. Zaczął od dobrej rady: „Idź przy ścianie i nie patrz w dół”. Ela pomyślała, że to niegłupie, więc podjęła wyzwanie. Po latach przypomniała sobie o słowach kolegi. Towarzyszyły jej na nieraz krętych drogach, po których szła odważnie, patrząc w górę i pamiętając, by zawsze się o Kogoś opierać. Ten Ktoś kierował jej życiem, choć czasem Mu się wymykała. Jednak On się nie poddawał, nawet gdy od Niego odchodziła, buntowała się, stawiała na swoim. Bo Elżbieta Krawczyk – lekarka, działaczka opozycji antykomunistycznej i wreszcie zakonnica w Zgromadzeniu Małych Sióstr Jezusa – to niełatwy orzech do zgryzienia, nawet dla samego Pana Boga. Pewnie dlatego, że – jak sama mówi – szuka prawdy, błądząc.
Deeper Down the Rabbit Hole: How Technology Conspiracy Beliefs Emerge and Foster a Conspiracy Mindset
Authors: Trang Simon , Kraemer Tobias , Trenz Manuel , Weiger Welf H.
Published: July 2024

Conspiracy theories are increasingly emerging as a threat to contemporary society. Prior research highlights the crucial role that information technology (IT) plays in accelerating the spread of these theories. However, mass media coverage suggests that the role of IT extends beyond mere dissemination as conspiracy theories often target the technology itself. In this research, we explore the prevalence of technology conspiracy beliefs—specifically, beliefs in technology-related conspiracy theories, the factors promoting these beliefs, and their consequences. Our findings reveal that technology conspiracy beliefs are widespread, affecting popular commercial technologies, such as Amazon Echo and Google Search Engine, as well as public technologies designed for societal well-being, such as contact tracing apps. Moreover, we demonstrate across four empirical studies that technology conspiracy beliefs reinforce a conspiracy mindset. This mindset is associated with a breakdown of social collaboration, constructive political discourse, and society’s ability to respond to crises. Given that these beliefs impede the adoption of beneficial technology and foster a harmful conspiracy mindset, they should be a primary concern for technology designers, managers, and policymakers. By identifying the perceptions of technology and its provider that promote these conspiracy beliefs, we provide initial insights into ways to mitigate their emergence.
Improving healthcare transition for young people with cancer: factors fundamental to the quality improvement journey
Authors: Potter Emma , Lewis Ciara , Tilbury Angus , Tong Jason , Sipanoun Pippa
Published: July 2024

Background:

Young people receiving cancer treatment in the South Thames Children's, Teenagers' and Young Adults' Cancer Operational Delivery Network usually receive care across two or more NHS trusts, meaning transition into adult services can be challenging.

Aim:

To develop a planned, co-ordinated approach to transition across the network that meets National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance recommendations for transition and the cancer service specifications.

Methods:

A 2-year, nurse-led quality improvement (QI) project, using the principles of experience-based co-design.

Outcomes:

The QI project resulted in the development of six key principles of practice; refining and testing of a benchmarking tool; initiatives to facilitate first transition conversations; and the launch of an information hub.

Conclusion:

Robust QI processes, cross-network collaboration and wide stakeholder involvement required significant resource, but enabled deeper understanding of existing pathways and processes, facilitated the establishment of meaningful objectives, and enabled the testing of interventions to ensure the project outcomes met the needs of all stakeholders.
Blended diet in enteral feeding: current guidance
Authors: Barry Michelle
Published: July 2024

The practice of administering blended food via enteral feeding tubes has been growing in popularity in recent years. Concerns have been raised as this practice was perceived to increase risk of gastrointestinal intolerance, allergic reactions, nutritional insufficiency, tube blockages, and infection compared with using commercial enteral feed (CEF), the gold standard, as well as risk of litigation against the professional due to their support of practice that is not evidence-based. However, research has shown that the physical, social and emotional benefits from receiving blended diet may outweigh the previously suggested risks. Guidance has been updated to encourage discussions around blended diet while informing the tube-fed individuals, families and carers of potential risks, potential benefits, barriers, considerations for training, safety and contraindications.
Evaluating the Impact of Antifungal Drugs on Human Health and Exploring Alternative Treatments
Authors: Mandal Debashree
Published: July 2024

Fungi occurred naturally like Candida yeast, in the human body. It may grow on skin, inside the digestive system and vagina. Antifungal drugs are used to kill or stop this fungal growth. According to their mode of action they are divided into azoles (inhibit ergosterol synthesis), echinocandins (damage cell walls), and polyenes (destroy fungal cells) etc. Depending on the seriousness of infection and type of infection, generally antifungal drugs are administered to a body. Oral antifungals are taken by mouth for systemic infections. Topical antifungals (creams, ointments) treat localized skin and nail infections. Intravenous (IV) administration is used for severe cases. Common side effects of antifungals are yeast infection, hepatotoxicity, ringworm, nail and skin infections etc. Serious fungal infections pose a growing threat to human health specially for vulnerable patients having significant morbidity and mortality such as AIDS patients, transplant recipients, and individuals using certain medications. Some of the existing antifungal drugs, particularly azoles, are facing increasing resistance. In order to ensure successful treatment of these drug-resistant infections, there is a critical need for the development of novel antifungal agents which is very challenging. Here about the antifungals, its classification, pros and cons of using antifungal drugs, prevention and control of antifungals are discussed in detail.
Clean Hydrogen Production via Methane Cracking Over Ni Supported on Ceria-silica Catalysts
Authors: Venkateshwarlu Kandukuri , Kalpana Manda , Padmasri Aytam Hari , Vijayalaxmi Burri , Satyanarayana Mavurapu , Sekhar Vasam Chandra
Published: July 2024

At 550 °C and atmospheric pressure, clean hydrogen was produced through CH4 cracking on a ceria modified silica supported Ni catalyst. A high proportion of Ni surface area on 20Ni/2wt%CeO2-SiO2demonstratedbetter H2 yields. The graphitic nature of the deactivated catalyst was established by TEM, XRD analyses and the distinction between ordered and disordered carbon was established by Raman spectroscopy. The high H2 yields produced by 20Ni/2wt%CeO2-SiO2catalyst was explained due to high nickel dispersion and an improved surface area of the nickel as assessed by H2 pulse chemisorption.
Green Synthesis of Recyclable BaPbFe2O6 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Dye Pollutant
Authors: Chouhan Jeevan Kunwar , Prajapati Dushyant Kumar , Menaria Jinesh , Bhardwaj Shipra
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the synthesis of BaPbFe2O6 and modifying its photocatalytic activity by precipitation method on brilliant green (BG) dye. According to the characterization data, the UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows several peaks with an optical band gap of 5.45 eV. FESEM images showed irregular shapes of BaPbFe2O6 and EDX confirmed the presence of, Ba, Pb, Fe and O elements. The average particle size measured with maximum diffraction peak using Scherrer’s equation was 12.31nm. XPS represents the different oxidation states of the elements. FTIR images show the presence of oxide film on the surface with a band gap of 500-600 cm-1 given as the characteristic stretched band of Pb-O. Maximum degradation is shown on the above optimum condition and complete degradation was held in 20 minutes on optimum conditions. The degradation rate of BaPbFe2O6 is 86.89% of 4*10-5 M for BG dye by exposing to sunlight for 20 minutes. Degradation of BG dye occurs due to the formation of hydroxyl radicals(.OH) on exposure to sunlight following pseudo first order kinetics. Therefore, BaPbFe2O6 synthesized in this paper can be used for the degradation of other exogenous organisms and for the treatment of wastewater and environmental polluted samples.
Complex Formation Capabilities of Pyrogallol Based Dipodal ligand MEP with trivalent metal ions: A Potentiometric and Spectrophotometric Investigation
Authors: Kumar Pramod , A Amardeep , M Meenakshi , Dangi Vijay , Jitender Jitender , Arya Brahamdutt
Published: July 2024

This research demonstrated and analyzed the complexation capabilities of the dipodal chelator N1,N3-bis(2-((E)-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)malonamide (MEP) with heavy metal ions, viz., Al3+, Fe3+, and Cr3+, by engaging potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods. The whole experiment was carried out in a pH-dependent manner in a highly aqueous medium with a pH range of 2 to 11. The potentiometric and spectrophotometric results suggest the highest binding affinity of the chelator MEP with Al3+ metal ions among all three metal ions under study, with a stability constant value of log β = 27.13.
Microplastics in Water: Occurrence, Human Health Impact and Methods of Analysis
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Maurya* Nityanand Singh
Published: July 2024

Microplastics are widely present in the environment, with some being deliberately produced while others are the result of plastic disintegration, degradation, or abrasion. The origins of their generation might be either terrestrial or aquatic, but they are present across the whole planet. Their existence leads to many ecological consequences, including risks to human health and economic losses. Recent studies focus on probable sources, sampling and analysis methods, and potential hazards to the environment and ecology. However, the absence of a standardized procedure for sampling and analysis makes it difficult to compare the existing results. The objective of this study is to investigate the complex processes involved in the formation of microplastics, occurrences in different environmental compartments, detrimental effects of microplastics on human health, and the methods used in the collection, laboratory analysis, identification, and characterization of samples.