bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spring Sap of Trees
Authors: Essiamah Samuel K.
Published: March 2023

In the spring, sap in perennial plants becomes available after winter dormancy. As is well known, substances including minerals and organic nutrients are transported from storage compartments in roots and stems to growth regions. For this solute distribution, xylem as well as phloem are used and probably also the cambial region and the ray system.

In the present study, a puncture method has been used to record sap availability in six north European tree species during the spring. Attempts were made to withdraw sap from the trees at points 0.5 m, 1.3 m and 3.0 m above ground with “phloem needles” (constructed according to Hammel 1968), and a syringe. Sap could be withdrawn for the longest period for the sycamore (71 days). Birch (47 days) gave an intermediate period, beech (12 days), oak (12 days) and alder (13 days) gave short periods, and sap could not be withdrawn from ash.

Effects of two environmental factors, temperature and light intensity on sap availability were examined. Temperature dependence of sap availability, already observed in the genus Acer, was confirmed in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). There also seemed to be a correlation between sap availability and light intensity.

Analysis of sugar in the tree sap revealed that sucrose was the only sugar in the sap of sycamore but hexoses (glucose and fructose) were preponderant in the sap of the other trees. The pH of sycamore sap (pH 6.9–5.4) fell as the season advanced. However, the pH‐values of sap from the other trees did not vary significantly.
Ammoniak‐Entgiftung durch Serotoninbildung in Samen von Juglans regia L
Authors: Grosse Wolfgang , Schmidt Ute
Published: March 2023

Während der Samenreife von Walnüssen (Julans regia L.) bilden sich in den Cotyledonen Proteinkörper aus, die Globoide, Globoidkavernen, Proteinkristalle und Proteinmatrix enthalten.

In den Proteinkörpern wird Serotonin (5‐Hydroxytryptamin) angehäuft, wie durch histochemische Analysen und nichtwäßrige Dichtegradientenzentrifugation gezeigt werden konnte.

Die vorliegenden und unsere früheren Befunde zeigen, daß die Synthese des Serotonins und seine Ablagerung in den Proteinkörpern einen Mechanismus zur Ammoniakentgiftung darstellen: Ammoniak wird bei der, in den Plastiden ablaufenden, Tryptophansynthese verbraucht. Das Tryptophan wird dann in Serotonin umgewandelt, das die Tryptophansynthese durch „feedback”‐Hemmung der Anthranilat‐Synthetase weniger stark beeinflußt. Das Serotonin wird schließlich durch Ablagerung in den Proteinkörpern aus dem Gleichgewicht herausgenommen und kann sich deshalb als Ammoniak‐Entgiftungsprodukt anhäufen.

Herrn Prof. Dr. Bergmann danken wir für wertvolle Anregungen, Herrn Dr. Kesselmeir für seine Hilfe bei der Herstellung der elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen, Herrn E. Moll, Leiter des Botanischen Gartens der Stadt Köln, für die Beschaffung des Versuchsmaterials und Fräulein Helga Tiebel für die sorgfältige technische Hilfe bei der Durchführung der Versuche.

Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft sei für die gewährte Unterstützung gedankt.
Adenylat‐Pools in Plastiden, Mitochondrien und einer Restzytoplasma‐Fraktion, bestimmt unter in vivo‐Bedingungen und in Abhängigkeit von Differenzierungsvorgängen
Authors: Hampp Rüdiger , Riehl Monica , Filippis Luigi De
Published: March 2023

Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es ermöglicht, Mesophyllprotoplasten innerhalb von 60 sec in Fraktionen weitgehend unkontaminierter Plastiden, nur schwach durch andere Zellkompartimente verunreinigter Mitochondrien und ein Restzytoplasma zu zerlegen. In Verbindung mit einer weitgehenden Beendigung von Stoffwechselreaktionen ermöglicht diese Technik die Bestimmung von Metaboliten in verschiedenen Zellkompartimenten unter in vivo‐Bedingungen. Dies wird gezeigt am Beispiel Plastiden, Mitochondrienund Zytoplasma‐assoziierter Adenylatkonzentrationen im Verlauf der Etioplasten‐Chloroplasten‐Transformation. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß, obwohl kurz nach Beginn der Belichtung in der Zelle vorübergehend stark erhöhte Adenylatkonzentrationen auftreten, die Energieladung 2(ATP)+(ADP)/2([ATP]+[ADP] +[AMP]) der verschiedenen Kompartimente konstant bleibt.

Wir danken Dr. S. P. Robinson, H. Wirtz und Prof. R. R. Theimer für wertvolle Anregungen und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für finanzielle Unterstützung.
CO2‐Gaswechsel und Transpiration von Waldschattenpflanzen bei unterschiedlichen Strahlungsqualitätenbei
Authors: Overdieck D.
Published: March 2023

Im Schatten von Rotbuchen (Fagus syloatica L.) wurde am Standort der Waldschattenpflanzen Lamium galeobdolon Nathh. (L.) und Asarum europaeum L. mit einem tragbaren Spektralphotometer die spektrale Zusammensetzung des sichtbaren Anteils der Strahlung gemessen und mit den Werten an der Kronenperipherie der Bäume verglichen. Gleichzeitig wurden im Labor CO2‐Nettoassimilations‐ und Transpirationsraten von Blättern beider Schattenkräuter bei drei quantengleidien Abschnitten der sichtbaren Strahlung (Blau, Grün, Rot) ermittelt

Die relativen Photonen‐Besrrahlungsstärken nehmen von Mitre April bis Juni am Boden bei den Schattenkräutern von 62 % bis 1,5 % ab. Die Strahlung wird dabei qualitativ verändert (Maximum zwischen 540 und 580 nm, Minima 403–540 und 580–680 nm)

Bei geringen Photonen‐Bestrahlungsstärken (0–50 μ einsteins ⋅ m—2 ⋅ S—1) sind die CO2‐Gaswechselraten beider Arten als lineare Funktionen der Photonenzahlen beschreibbar und bei Grün « Blau ≤ Rot. Die Transpiration ist nicht eindeutig von der Strahlungsqualität abhängig, Beide Schattenkräuter nutzen Grün doppelt so gut wie die Sonnenblätter an der Peripherie der Buchenkrone. Es wird angenommen, daß sie so teilweise einen Nachteil ihres Standortes kompensieren können
Probleme der Flechten‐Chemotaxonomie — Stoffkombinationen und ihre taxonomische Wertung
Authors: Leuckert Christian
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerung

Die Kombination (Koppelung) der Stoffe im Chemosyndrom kann gegenseitig oder einseitig obligat oder auch fakultativ sein. Dabei ist die Stellung der beteiligten eng verwandten Produkte im Rahmen der Biosynthese von Fall zu Fall verschieden. — Dem Chemotaxonomen kann die Berücksichrigung dieser Aspekte zumindest tendenziell als Anhaltspunkt dienen. Bei Vorkommen der Komponenten in verschiedenen Verwandtschaftskreisen wird man ein Chemosyndrom ‐ also eine Kornbination biogenetisch eng verwandter Verbindungen ‐ urn so eher als ein einziges Merkmal betrachten können, je seltener die Kombination aufgelöst ist. Zweifellos stellen der solitare Stoff als Einzelmerkmal und die ohne Ausnahme auftretende (obligate) Kombination als Einzelmerkmal nur Extreme einer gleitenden Reihe dar.

Herrn Prof. Dr. E. KLUG (Berlin) danke ich für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts und für werrvolle Diskussion, Herrn H. LÜNSER für die sorgfältige Ausführung der Zeichnungen, Frau I. EGGERT, Frau C. MÜLLER und Frau 1. POHL für die Hilfen bei der Vorbereitung des Manuskripts. Herrn Dr. M. SEAWARD (Bradford) bin ich für Beratung und Diskussion in Zusammenhang mit der Form der englischen Zusammenfassung sehr zu Dank verpflichter,
Morphologie, Anatomie und Systematik carotinoidhaltiger Blätterpilze
Authors: Kost Gerhard
Published: March 2023

Während Carotinoide innerhalb mehrerer natürlicher Verwandtschaftsgruppen der Heterobasidiomyceten charakteristisch und regelmäßig auftreten, ist das Vorkommen dieser Sekundärstoffklasse innerhalb der Homobasidiomyceten auf wenige Arten der corticioiden, clavarioiden, cantharelloiden, agaricoiden und gateroiden Organisationsstufen beschränkt (Tab. 1). Die Anatomie der Fruchtkörper und die Morphologie der Hyphen und Basidien der agaricoiden Vertreter, Phyllotopsis nidulans, Gerronema chrysophyllum, Haasiella venustissima wurden mit verschiedenen lichtmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Die gewonnenen Daten wurden mit Mikrophotographien und maßstabsgetreuen Zeichnungen belegt.

Die Merkmale von Phyllotopsis nidulans — dickwandige Hyphen in der Fruchtkörpertrama, Medaillonschnallen in der Lamellentrama, sehr schmale Basidien, allantoide Sporen und der Besitz von Zystiden — können bei den anderen Arten nicht gefunden werden. Merulius, Phlebia, Gloeoporus, Auriculariopsis, Dictyoploca u. a. müssen als nah verwandte Gattungen angesehen werden. Die beiden anderen omphalinoid organisierten Blätterpilze, Gerronema chrysophyllum und Haasiella venustissima zeigen trotz Ähnlichkeiten in der Fruchtkörperform zueinander kaum Übereinstimmungen. Gerronema chrysophyllum besitzt Parallelen im Merkmalsbestand zu Cantharellus‐Arten, vor allem zu Arten der Untergattung Phaeocantharellus. Dies kann durch den Aufbau der Huthaut, des verdickenden Hymeniums, der Basidien und der Stieltrama belegt werden. Besonders durch die Ontogenie der Fruchtkörper und der Lamellen wird diese Annahme unterstützt.

Haasiella venustissima bleibt trotz neu dargestellter Merkmale der Fruchtkörpermorphologie — wenig differenzierte Huthaut, mehrschichtige Lamellentrama, Kaulozystiden in hymenialer Anordnung — und der Karyologie der Basidie in seiner systematischen Stellung isoliert, zumal Vergleichsdaten anderer, für einen Vergleich notwendiger Arten vielfach fehlen.
Fichtenerkrankungen in den Hochlagen der Bayerischen Mittelgebirge
Authors: Osswald W. F. , Elstner E. F.
Published: March 2023

Aufgrund unserer Analysedaten sind wir der Ansicht, daß Fichten durch verschiedene abiotische Faktoren, wie durch SO2 im Fichtelgebirge, oder durch Photooxidantien (Ozon) in sog. Reinluftgebieten, bzw. in Kombination mit saurem Nebel, primär geschädigt werden, wobei ungünstige Standortbedingungen (Podsole Böden, Urgestein) verstärkend wirken können. Die mögliche chronische Belastung äußert sich als Pigmentoxidation und Membranzerstörung innerhalb der Zelle, was als Vergilbung der Nadeln nach außen sichtbar wird. Gleichzeitig kommt es zu einem teilweisen Abbau der strukturellen Resistenz, wodurch die Nadeln für verschiedene pilzliche Pathogene sekundär leichter zugänglich werden. Es ist denkbar, daß bereits im Inneren der Nadeln siedelnde Pathogene („Endophyten”) in gelben Nadeln bessere Wachstumsbedingungen vorfinden, in die nekrotrophe Wachstumsphase übergehen und die Nadel bzw. Nadelabschnitte abtöten. Nekrotisierte Nadeln sind abgestorben und werden abgeworfen.

Inwieweit die fungitoxische Substanz p‐Hydroxyacetophenon für das Pilzwachstum, bzw. für die Vergilbung der Nadeln von Bedeutung ist, müssen weitere Versuche zeigen.
Gαi2 regulates the adult myogenesis of masticatory muscle satellite cells
Authors: Kong Lin , Fang Yi , Du Mingyuan , Wang Yunlong , He Hong , Liu Zhijian
Published: March 2023

Although similar to trunk and limb skeletal muscles, masticatory muscles are believed as unique in both developmental origins and myogenesis. Gαi2 has been demonstrated to promote muscle hypertrophy and muscle satellite cell differentiation in limb muscles. However, the effect of Gαi2 on masticatory muscles is still unexplored. This study aimed to identify the role of Gαi2 in the proliferation and differentiation of masticatory muscle satellite cells, further exploring the metabolic mechanism of masticatory muscles. The proliferation rate, myotube size, fusion index of masticatory muscle satellite cells and Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, Tcf21 and Musculin expressions were significantly decreased by Gαi2 knockdown, while in cells infected with AdV4‐Gαi2, the proliferation rate, myotube size, fusion index and Tbx1 expression were significantly increased. Masticatory muscle satellite cells also displayed phenotype transformation as Gαi2 changed. In addition, Gαi2 altered myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms of myotubes with less MyHC‐2A expression in siGαi2 group and more MyHC‐slow expression in AdV4‐Gαi2 group. In conclusion, Gαi2 could positively affect the adult myogenesis of masticatory muscle satellite cells and maintain the superiority of MyHC‐slow. Masticatory muscle satellite cells may have their unique Gαi2‐regulated myogenic transcriptional networks, although they may share some common characteristics with trunk and limb muscles.
Contribution of MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based principal component analysis for distinguishing foodborne pathogens
Authors: Numanoğlu Çevik Yasemin , Kaynar Mursaloğlu Pınar
Published: March 2023

Foodborne diseases are important to determine bacteria in strain level, which are analyzed by library‐based devices and bioinformatics‐enabled. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of principal component analysis (PCA) with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) to distinguish according to the differences of bacterial strains as rapidly screening of foodborne bacteria. The MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based PCA analysis was used for differentiating bacterial strains isolated from ready‐to‐eat foods. According to the results of PCA analysis, the percentages of distance and proximity between species were evaluated by composite correlation indexes (CCI). Bacillus cereus were detected in burghul salad (BC1) and macaroni salad (BC2) taken from the SB2‐snack bar, and the similarity rate was determined as 97%. Three other B. cereus bacteria (BC3, BC4, and BC5) in the same cluster were also isolated from salads collected from SB4‐snack bar. The similarity of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, which have the codes KP1 and KP2, isolated from macaroni salad and burghul salad taken from the SB2 snack bar respectively were 96%. Additionally, the CCI values of two E. coli strains in burghul (EC1) salad and Russian salad (EC2) in the same sampling point (SB1) were determined as 97%. In conclusion, this analysis with MALDI‐TOF‐MS based PCA has revealed the relationships between bacteria genera and species, beyond just the identification of bacteria and the rapid screening of bacteria in perishable foodstuffs. Similarities between bacterial strains identified for different samples from the same sampling point suggested that there were not adequate hygiene rules and storage requirements were not followed.
Effects of epidural analgesia at 1 cm cervical dilatation on labor interventions in full‐term primigravida: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Shunbin , Ye Siping , Wu Chenhua , Jia Xiufeng , Li Sangsang , Zeng Xiaomei
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of epidural analgesia administered as early as cervical dilatation of 1 cm on labor interventions and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective research recruited 1007 full‐term primigravidas, who were distributed to two separate cohorts for eligibility: epidural analgesia 1 (cervical dilatation = 1 cm) and epidural analgesia 2 (cervical dilatation >1 cm). Labor interventions (artificial rupture of membranes and oxytocin administration) and duration of labor were the primary outcomes.

Results

The effect of initiation timing of epidural analgesia on artificial membrane rupture was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.85 [0.58–1.24], p > 0.05). Less oxytocin was used in the epidural analgesia 2 group compared with the epidural analgesia 1 group (the adjusted OR: 0.68 [0.49–0.95], p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the median time to latent phase of labor, active phase of labor, second, and third stages of labor (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes between the epidural analgesia 1 group and the epidural analgesia 2 group.

Conclusion

Epidural analgesia could be administered at cervical dilatation = 1 cm.
Nocturnal sleep duration trajectories in early childhood and school performance at age 10 years
Authors: Petit Dominique , Touchette Evelyne , Pennestri Marie‐Hélène , Paquet Jean , Côté Sylvana , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel , Montplaisir Jacques Y.
Published: March 2023

Sleep plays a fundamental role in brain development and resultant functions. The aim was to verify whether nocturnal sleep duration during early childhood has long‐term associations with academic achievement at age 10 years. The present study is part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a representative cohort of infants born in 1997–1998 in the province of Quebec, Canada. Children with known neurological conditions were excluded from this cohort. Four trajectories of parent‐reported nocturnal sleep duration at ages 2.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were determined using a SAS procedure named PROC TRAJ. Sleep duration at age 10 years was also reported. Teachers provided data on academic performance when the children were age 10 years. These data were available for 910 children (430 boys, 480 girls; 96.6% Caucasians). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed using SPSS. Children who slept less than 8 hr per night at 2.5 years but normalized later on (Traj1) had three–five times the odds of having grades below the class average in reading, writing, mathematics and science compared with children who slept sufficiently (Traj3–4: 10–11 hr per night). Children who slept about 9 hr per night throughout childhood (Traj2) had two–three times the odds of being below the class average in mathematics and science. Sleep duration at age 10 years was not correlated with the academic performance. These results point to the presence of a very important early period during which sufficient sleep is needed to fine‐tune the functions necessary for academic achievement later on.
Long‐term morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone in adolescents and adults after space closure: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Chen Yanxi , Wang Jingxi , Luo Nan , Wu Yan , Dai Hongwei , Zhou Jingping
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To analyse the morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone of both the maxilla and mandible after space closure and retention for 18‐36 mo in adults and adolescents.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐two subjects with 4 first premolars extracted followed by retracting anterior teeth were included and divided into two age groups: adult group (4 males, 17 females, mean age: 23.67 ± 5.29 y, treatment duration: 27.95 mo, retention duration: 26.96 mo, ANB: 4.8 ± 2.1, U1‐L1: 117.2 ± 9.2, U1‐PP: 120.2 ± 7.2, L1‐MP: 99.2 ± 5.3) and adolescent group (6 males, 15 females, mean age: 11.52 ± 1.21 y, treatment duration: 26.18 mo, retention duration: 25.79 mo, ANB: 5.2 ± 2.1, U1‐L1: 116.0 ± 8.6, U1‐PP: 119.8 ± 4.9, L1‐MP: 99.7 ± 4.9). Alveolar bone height and thickness of anterior teeth in both groups were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging performed at the pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2) and retention phases (T3). One‐way repeated‐measure ANOVAs were performed to evaluate the alveolar bone changes. Voxel‐based superimpositions were performed to measure the amount of tooth movement.

Results

After orthodontic treatment, the lingual bone height and thickness of both arches and the labial bone height of the mandible decreased significantly in both age groups (P < .05). Most of the labial bone height and thickness of the maxilla in both groups remained unchanged (P > .05). After retention, the lingual bone height and thickness increased significantly in both age groups (P < .05). The amounts of increased height ranged from 1.08 to 1.64 mm in adults and from 0.78 to 1.21 mm in adolescents, and the amounts of increased thickness ranged from 0.23 mm to 0.62 mm in adults and from 0.16 mm to 0.36 mm in adolescents. Obvious movements of the anterior teeth during retention were not found (P > .05).

Conclusions

Although lingual alveolar bone loss occurred in adolescents and adults during orthodontic treatment, continuous remodelling occurred in the later retention phase, which provides a reference for clinical treatment planning of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.
Wavelet based analysis of oil price shocks, exchange rate and stock market behaviour: Evidences from emerging markets
Authors: Kaur Amrita , Mittal Prabhat
Published: March 2023

During the second quarter of 2020, with an impact of novel coronavirus (COVID‐19), the oil sector has witnessed the most volatile phase of our economic history. Liquidity in the market became extremely tight and significantly impacted the stock markets. The study primarily aims at investigating the interdependence of the crude oil prices, Nifty50 Index and USDINR exchange rates. Wavelet coherence plots are employed to examine the interdependence of oil prices with Nifty and exchange rates and to analyse the time series information at different times and frequencies. The results also report the existence of long‐run relations using Johansen's cointegration test and vector error correction model. Moreover, the shocks in one variable have been noticed with a persistent and prolonged effect on other variables. However, the results explain that these shocks have short‐term effects, but in the long run, the market becomes stable. The policymakers should create regulations that protect investors' desire to profit and lessen their exposure to unanticipated shocks in the market. The study would assist investors in analysing and comprehending the effects of the abrupt volatility brought on by lockdown during the pandemic on the stock market.
Clinical Effects of Upper Facet Joint En Bloc Resection in the Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery—Two Layers and Two Tunnels Strategy
Authors: Chen Xukang , Jing Wanli , Wang Yunguo , Lin Wei , Xue Yuan
Published: March 2023

Objective

The upper facet joint en bloc resection is the key step to open the intervertebral foramina for achieving the intervertebral fusion in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery. Our purpose is to introduce a upper facet joint resection technique which can avoid injuring the nerve root termed “two layers and two tunnels strategy” in TLIF surgery and to evaluate its clinical effects and neurological safety.

Methods

All 108 patients who underwent TLIF surgery using two layers and two tunnels strategy between December 2015 and January 2019 were analyzed for postoperative clinical treatment parameter. The visual analogue scale (VAS) method, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and the Macnab scoring system were used to evaluate the clinical effects during post‐operative check‐ups at 7 days, 3 months, 6 months, and the last follow‐up visit. Data were represented by mean and standard deviation, and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to make comparison.

Results

The result noted that, the VAS scores for back pain decreased by 30.13% at 7 days post‐operation (3.64 ± 0.86), 63.15% at 3 months (1.92 ± 0.55), 72.17% at 6 months (1.45 ± 0.61) and 70.44% at the last follow‐up (1.54 ± 0.62) compared with pre‐operation (5.21 ± 0.93). The VAS scores for lower limb pain decreased by 44.22% at 7 days (3.86 ± 0.90), 61.42% at 3 months (2.67 ± 0.72), 66.62% at 6 months (2.31 ± 0.79) and 66.47% at the last follow‐up (2.32 ± 0.72) compared with pre‐operation (6.92 ± 1.04). The ODI scores decreased by 49.08% at 7 days (32.19 ± 5.13), 67.92% at 3 months (20.28 ± 5.50), 74.00% at 6 months (16.44 ± 4.21) and 75.42% at the last follow‐up (15.54 ± 3.85) compared with pre‐operation (63.22 ± 7.58). The JOA scores increased by 51.41% at 7 days (18.49 ± 1.48), 69.26% at 3 months (22.35 ± 1.44), 73.28% at 6 months (23.22 ± 1.18) and 77.53% at the last follow‐up (24.14 ± 0.99) compared with pre‐operation (7.37 ± 1.71). Among 108 cases, there is no neurological complications.

Conclusion

Two layers and two tunnels strategy is an effective and safe procedure that can certainly avoid nerve root injury to reduce neurological complication and increase safety of TLIF surgery.
Nb‐UVB and PUVA therapy in treating early stages of Mycosis Fungoides: A single‐center cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zengarini Corrado , Baruffaldi Gregorio , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Bardazzi Federico , Mussi Martina , Hrvatin Stancic Bor , Pileri Alessandro
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome are the most common forms of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Early‐stage MF is known to have an indolent behavior, and the EORTC guidelines recommend treating patients with skin‐directed therapies, such as phototherapy, instead of systemic therapies. Phototherapy is a popular therapeutic option, with two commonly used light sources—PUVA and narrow band‐nb UVB. PUVA is less commonly used due to its potential carcinogenic role, but it has systemic effects, while nb‐UVB has mostly skin‐limited effects. There is ongoing debate regarding the role of UVB light, and in 2021, the Cutaneous Lymphoma Italian Study Group reached a consensus on technical schedules for NB‐UVB and PUVA for MF. This study aims to analyze and compare the efficacy of the two phototherapy options in treating early‐MF patients.

Materials and methods

The study included patients diagnosed with stage IA/B MF in the last 10 years, who had at least 12 months of follow‐up data and a minimum of 24 phototherapy sessions (PUVA or nb UVB) and treated with topical steroids apart from phototherapy.

Results

Results showed that the two phototherapy options were similarly effective in treating early MF, with no significant differences in clinical response, although PUVA was associated with more adverse effects.

Conclusions

The study provides valuable insights into the use of phototherapy in early MF, and the results can be used to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
Reward advantage over punishment for incentivizing visual working memory
Authors: Sun Yurong , Kang Pyungwon , Huang Leyu , Wang Huimin , Ku Yixuan
Published: March 2023

The prospects of gaining reward and avoiding punishment widely influence human behavior. Despite of numerous attempts to investigate the influence of motivational signals on working memory (WM), whether the valence and the magnitude of motivational signals interactively influence WM performance remains unclear. To investigate this, the present study used a free‐recall working memory task with EEG recording to compare the effect of incentive valence (reward or punishment), as well as the magnitude of incentives on visual WM. Behavioral results revealed that the presence of incentive signals improved WM precision when compared with no‐incentive condition, and compared with punishing cues, rewarding cues led to greater facilitation in WM precision, as well as confidence ratings afterward. Moreover, event related potential (ERP) results suggested that compared with punishment, reward led to an earlier latency of late positive component (LPC), a larger amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV) during the expectation period, and a larger P300 amplitude during the sample and delay periods. Furthermore, reward advantage over punishment in behavioral and neural results were correlated, such that individuals with larger CNV difference between reward and punishment conditions also report greater distinction in confidence ratings between the two conditions. In sum, our results demonstrate what and how rewarding cues cause more beneficial effects than punishing cues when incentivizing visual WM.
Duration of the diabetic state altered platelet indices from baseline values in a streptozotocin‐induced rat model for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oudeh Sahar , Javahery Vayghan Abbas , Ahmadi‐hamedani Mahmood
Published: March 2023

Background

Changes in platelet indices in naturally occurring type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have been described in several studies. In this study, platelet indices such as platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and MPV to PLT ratio were investigated according to diabetic duration after streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T1DM, as well as for their correlation with glucose.

Methods

Forty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups of ten (5 rats of each sex), including the control group, the 7, 14, and 28 days diabetic groups (D7, D14, and D28, respectively).

Results

In diabetic groups, plasma glucose was significantly higher than in control (P < 0.01). D7, D14, and D28 groups presented significantly lower PLT than the control (P < 0. 01). A significant decrease in PCT was observed in D14 and D28 females (P < 0.05). Mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the D28 group than in to control. D28 females also showed a significant difference in PLT, MPV, and the MPV‐to‐PLT ratio compared with D7 females (P < 0.05). A comparison between D28 females and males showed a significant difference in PDW (P < 0.05). Both females and males showed a significant correlation between glucose and PLT, PCT, MPV, and the MPV‐to‐PLT ratio.

Conclusions

Platelet indices change significantly with the duration of diabetes compared with the baseline values, and female and male rats did not have significant differences in platelet indices in any period except the 28 days.
APPLICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI. AS A SMART BIO-AGENT TO MAKE SUSTAINABLE FUTURE GENERATION CONCRETE
Authors: Priyom Sudipto Nath , Zawad Md. Fahad Shahriar , Rahman Md. Asifur , Islam Md. Moinul
Published: March 2023

Concrete is an artificial manmade building material which is obtained by carefully permitting proportioned mixture of cement, sand, stone/brick chips and water. Appropriate adjustments of these ingredients can lead concrete with vast ranges of properties. Although concrete can tolerate compressive forces like natural stone, it is prone to cracking due to tensile forces. Thus, crack formation is a widespread phenomenon in concrete, which allows different kinds of foreign substances and water into the concrete structures and reduces the life span of the infrastructures. The possibility of cracking can increase with time due to the variation in humidity and temperature. Maintaining or repairing concrete-based structures can be very costly. Use of self-healing concrete using microbial agent is demonstrated very beneficially in the present scenario for the construction of durable structures. It is proved to be advantageous for improving the properties of concrete and also for reducing the maintenance costs. In this study 100×100×100 mm cubical concrete specimens were prepared with or without using Escherichia coli bacteria and periodically subjected to compressive and split tensile strength test. About 10% and 23% increment in compressive and split tensile strengths were respectively observed after 28 days of curing period due to addition of E. coli bacteria in concrete. Later on, UPV and SEM analysis were also performed to evaluate material properties. SEM analysis also confirmed the crystalline structures within the powdered mortar sample. Hence, the use of E. coli bacteria in concrete is arranged towards increasing sustainability and decreasing the all-out cost-of-ownership for structures.
Integration of primary care education into undergraduate nursing programs: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Curnew Deanne , Lukewich Julia , Mathews Maria , Poitras Marie-Eve , Romme Kristen
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map literature related to primary care education in undergraduate nursing programs and to describe the attributes and extent of primary care education.

Introduction:

Primary care is a model of first-contact, continuous, comprehensive, and coordinated health care. Registered nurses are integral in successful collaborative team models of primary care. However, it is unclear how undergraduate nursing programs offer opportunities to learn about nursing practice within primary care settings. A better understanding of the attributes and extent of primary care education in undergraduate nursing programs will direct research, inform teaching–learning, and develop a stronger primary care nursing workforce.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider articles that include faculty/administrators, preceptors, or students of nursing programs that qualify graduates for entry-level registered nursing practice. Articles that report on undergraduate teaching–learning related to primary care will also be considered. Practical nursing, advanced practice, and post-licensure programs will be excluded. Teaching–learning related to settings other than primary care will also be excluded.

Methods:

The Framework of Effective Teaching–Learning in Clinical Education will be the organizing framework for this scoping review. A 3-step search strategy will be followed to identify published and unpublished literature. Articles published in English or French will be included. Data extracted from eligible articles will include details on the study design/method, participants, context, type of teaching–learning activity, attributes associated with dimensions of the teaching–learning environment, and relevant outcomes. The results will be reported in tabular and/or diagrammatic format, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration number:

Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/cw5r3
Deposition and morphology of direct current plasma-polymerized aniline
Authors: Palardonio Sidney M. , Vasquez Magdaleno R.
Published: March 2023

Plasma polymerization is a simple, solvent-free, dry process that involves vaporizing a monomer and ionizing them to the plasma state. This study reports the plasma polymerization of aniline in a direct current glow discharge. Aniline was introduced into a vacuum chamber and plasma-polymerized onto an indium-doped tin oxide/glass substrate at varying discharge potentials and deposition times. The resulting plasma-polymerized aniline films were in the leucoemeraldine form, as evidenced by UV-Vis and infrared spectral analyses. Monocarbon species that are products of the aromatic ring rupture were observed from the optical emission spectra of the discharge. The films reveal a smooth, pinhole-free surface across different process parameters. The film thickness from the 200 to 600 nm range presents a linear relationship with respect to the duration of deposition. The deposition rate also increased and has a good linear relationship when the discharge potential was varied.
Echolocation clicks of free-ranging Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in Hainan waters
Authors: Zhao Likun , Giorli Giacomo , Caruso Francesco , Dong Lijun , Gong Zining , Lin Mingli , Li Songhai
Published: March 2023

The echolocation clicks of free-ranging Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (IPFPs, Neophocaena phocaenoides) have been rarely studied in the wild. This paper aims at describing the echolocation-click characteristics of IPFPs and examining whether IPFPs adapt their sonar system to the habitats in Hainan waters, China. The echolocation clicks were recorded using a 13 elements star-shaped array of hydrophones. A total of 65 on-axis clicks were identified and analyzed. IPFPs use echolocation clicks with a source level (SL) of 158 ± 9 dB re: 1 μPa peak-peak, mean peak, and centroid frequency of 134 ± 3 kHz, −3 dB bandwidth of 14 ± 2 kHz and produce at inter-click intervals of 104 ± 51 ms. The results relative to other porpoises show that finless porpoises in Hainan waters produce clicks with moderate SLs and high peak frequency. These results could be useful in detecting the presence and estimating the density of IPFPs during passive acoustic monitoring in the study area and serve to shed light on the interpopulation variation of click characteristics of finless porpoises as well.
Nitrogen Fixation and Ammonium Assimilation Pathway Expression of Geobacter sulfurreducens Changes in Response to the Anode Potential in Microbial Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Ortiz-Medina Juan F. , Poole Mark R. , Grunden Amy M. , Call Douglas F.
Published: March 2023

Biological nitrogen fixation coupled with ammonium recovery provides a sustainable alternative to the carbon-, water-, and energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Aerobic biological nitrogen fixation technologies are hindered by oxygen gas inhibition of the nitrogenase enzyme.
Investigation of the Genus
Flavobacterium
as a Reservoir for Fish-Pathogenic Bacterial Species: the Case of Flavobacterium collinsii
Authors: Lee Bo-Hyung , Nicolas Pierre , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin , Fradet Benjamin , Bernardet Jean-François , Rigaudeau Dimitri , Rochat Tatiana , Duchaud Eric
Published: March 2023

Aquaculture has expanded significantly worldwide in the last decades and accounts for half of human fish consumption. However, infectious fish diseases are a major bottleneck for its sustainable development, and an increasing number of bacterial species from diseased fish raise a great concern.
Name Changes for Fungi of Medical Importance, 2020 to 2021
Authors: Borman Andrew M. , Johnson Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2023

The current article summarizes recent changes in nomenclature for fungi of medical importance published in the years 2020 to 2021, including new species and revised names for existing ones. Many of the revised names have been widely adopted without further discussion. However, those that concern common pathogens of humans may take longer to achieve general usage, with new and current names reported together to engender increasing familiarity with the correct taxonomic classification.
Molecular Characterization of the ClpC AAA+ ATPase in the Biology of Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Pan Stefan , Jensen Aaron A. , Wood Nicholas A. , Henrichfreise Beate , Brötz-Oesterhelt Heike , Fisher Derek J. , Sass Peter , Ouellette Scot P.
Published: March 2023

Chlamydia trachomatis
is an obligate intracellular pathogen and the world's leading cause of preventable infectious blindness and bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Due to the high prevalence of chlamydial infections along with negative effects of current broad-spectrum treatment strategies, new antichlamydial agents with novel targets are desperately needed.
Tuberculostearic Acid Controls Mycobacterial Membrane Compartmentalization
Authors: Prithviraj Malavika , Kado Takehiro , Mayfield Jacob A. , Young David C. , Huang Annie D. , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Siegrist M. Sloan , Moody D. Branch , Morita Yasu S.
Published: March 2023

As its common name implies, tuberculostearic acid is an abundant and genus-specific branched-chain fatty acid in mycobacterial membranes. This fatty acid, 10-methyl octadecanoic acid, has been an intense focus of research, particularly as a diagnostic marker for tuberculosis.
The Commensal Anaerobe Veillonella dispar Reprograms Its Lactate Metabolism and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production during the Stationary Phase
Authors: Zhang Shi-Min , Huang Shir-Ly
Published: March 2023

Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut commensal bacteria play an important role in human physiology. Gut
Veillonella
and the metabolites acetate and propionate, produced by lactate fermentation, are associated with human health.
Clostridium butyricum and Chitooligosaccharides in Synbiotic Combination Ameliorate Symptoms in a DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mouse Model by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Huang Xingxi , Hu Jutuan , Zhang Heng , Li Ji , Zhu Xi , Liu Yangyang , Liang Yunxiang , Mei Yuxia
Published: March 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an idiopathic intestinal disease characterized by continuous remission/relapse inflammatory cycles in the colonic mucosal layer, has strong adverse effects on patients’ quality of life and considerable costs for health care systems. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are regarded as potential therapeutic agents for UC, in terms of safety and efficacy.
4F-Indole Enhances the Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Authors: Dou Qin , Zhu Yuxiang , Li Chunhui , Bian Zeran , Song Huihui , Zhang Ruizhen , Wang Yingsong , Zhang Xile , Wang Yan
Published: March 2023

Infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
have become a major public health crisis. Its resistance to existing antibiotics causes clinical infections that are hard to cure. In this study, we found that halogenated indoles in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics could be more effective than antibiotics alone against
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 and preliminarily revealed the mechanism of the 4F-indole-induced regulatory effect.
The Construction and Immunogenicity Analyses of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus with Senecavirus A VP2 Protein Coexpression
Authors: Tao Qian , Zhu Ling , Xu Lei , Yang Yanting , Zhang Yang , Liu Zheyan , Xu Tong , Wen Jianhua , Deng Lishuang , Zhou Yuancheng , Xu Zhiwen
Published: March 2023

This study reports the construction of a recombinant PRV with SVA for the first time, and the resulting virus, rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP2, can induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies against both PRV and SVA in model mice. These findings provide valuable insights for evaluating the effectiveness of rPRV-XJ-ΔTK/gE/gI-VP2 as a vaccine for pigs.
Environmental Factors Affect the Bacterial Community in
Diaphorina citri
, an Important Vector of “
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus”
Authors: Jiang Rui-Xu , Shang Feng , Jiang Hong-Bo , Dou Wei , Cernava Tomislav , Wang Jin-Jun
Published: March 2023

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is an important vector of the HLB pathogen, which is a major threat to citrus production around the world. Bacterial communities harbored by insects could be affected by different environmental factors.
The crucial role of titin in fetal development: recurrent miscarriages and bone, heart and muscle anomalies characterise the severe end of titinopathies spectrum
Authors: Di Feo Maria Francesca , Lillback Victoria , Jokela Manu , McEntagart Meriel , Homfray Tessa , Giorgio Elisa , Casalis Cavalchini Guido C , Brusco Alfredo , Iascone Maria , Spaccini Luigina , D'Oria Patrizia , Savarese Marco , Udd Bjarne
Published: March 2023

Background

Titin truncating variants (TTNtvs) have been associated with several forms of myopathies and/or cardiomyopathies. In homozygosity or in compound heterozygosity, they cause a wide spectrum of recessive phenotypes with a congenital or childhood onset. Most recessive phenotypes showing a congenital or childhood onset have been described in subjects carrying biallelic TTNtv in specific exons. Often karyotype or chromosomal microarray analyses are the only tests performed when prenatal anomalies are identified. Thereby, many cases caused byTTNdefects might be missed in the diagnostic evaluations. In this study, we aimed to dissect the most severe end of the titinopathies spectrum.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study analysing an international cohort of 93 published and 10 unpublished cases carrying biallelic TTNtv.

Results

We identified recurrent clinical features showing a significant correlation with the genotype, including fetal akinesia (up to 62%), arthrogryposis (up to 85%), facial dysmorphisms (up to 73%), joint (up to 17%), bone (up to 22%) and heart anomalies (up to 27%) resembling complex, syndromic phenotypes.

Conclusion

We suggestTTNto be carefully evaluated in any diagnostic process involving patients with these prenatal signs. This step will be essential to improve diagnostic performance, expand our knowledge and optimise prenatal genetic counselling.
Evidence of publication bias in multiple sclerosis clinical trials: a comparative analysis of published and unpublished studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Rivero-de-Aguilar Alejandro , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Ruano-Raviña Alberto , Candal-Pedreira Cristina , Puente-Hernandez Marilina , Ross Joseph S , Varela-Lema Leonor
Published: March 2023

Background

Complete and timely publication of clinical trials ensures that patients and the medical community are fully informed when making treatment decisions. The aim of this study is to assess the publication of phase III and IV clinical trials on multiple sclerosis (MS) drugs that have been carried out between 2010 and 2019 and to identify the factors associated with their publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Methods

An advanced search in ClinicalTrials.gov was performed and consecutive searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar were conducted looking for the associated publications of all completed trials. Study design characteristics, results and other relevant information were extracted. Data was analysed following a case–control design. Clinical trials with associated publications in peer-reviewed journals were the cases and unpublished trials were the controls. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with trial publication.

Results

One hundred and fifty clinical trials were included in the analysis. Ninety-six of them (64.0%) were published in peer-reviewed journals. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with trial publication were a favourable primary outcome (OR 12.49, 95% CI 1.28 to 122.29) and reaching the originally estimated sample size (OR 41.97, 95% CI 1.96 to 900.48), while those associated with a lower odds of publication were having 20% or more patients lost to follow-up (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.52) and evaluating drugs intended to improve treatment tolerability (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.74).

Conclusions

Phase III and IV clinical trials on MS drugs are prone to under-reporting and publication bias. Efforts must be made to promote a complete and accurate dissemination of data in MS clinical research.
General anesthesia is an acceptable choice for hip fracture surgery
Authors: Schwenk Eric S , McCartney Colin JL
Published: March 2023

The debate over the optimal type of anesthesia for hip fracture surgery continues to rage. While retrospective evidence in elective total joint arthroplasty has suggested a reduction in complications with neuraxial anesthesia, previous retrospective studies in the hip fracture population have been mixed. Recently, two multicenter randomized, controlled trials (REGAIN and RAGA) have been published that examined delirium, ambulation at 60 days, and mortality in patients with hip fractures who were randomized to spinal or general anesthesia. These trials enrolled a combined 2,550 patients and found that spinal anesthesia did not confer a mortality benefit nor a reduction in delirium or greater proportion who could ambulate at 60 days. While these trials were not perfect, they call into question the practice of telling patients that spinal anesthesia is a “safer” choice for their hip fracture surgery. We believe a risk/benefit discussion should take place with each patient and that ultimately the patient should choose his or her anesthesia type after being informed of the state of the evidence. General anesthesia is an acceptable choice for hip fracture surgery.