bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic-Awareness for a Useful Digital Life
Authors: Stan Johann , Ribière Myriam , Picault Jérôme , Natarianni Lionel , Marie Nicolas
Published: December 2011

In this book chapter the authors address two main challenges for building compelling social applications. In the first challenge they focus on the user by addressing the issue of building dynamic interaction profiles from the content they produce in a social system. Such profiles are key to find the best person to contact based on an information need. The second challenge presents their vision of “object-centered sociality”, which allows users to create spontaneous communities centered on a digital or physical object. In each case, proof-of-concept industrial prototypes show the potential impact of the concepts on the daily life of users. The main contribution of this chapter is the design of conceptual frameworks for helping users to take maximum advantage from their participation in online communities, either in the digital web ecosystem or real-life spontaneous communities.
Inhaled Treprostinil for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Poms Abby , Kingman Martha
Published: December 2011

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disease characterized by vascular proliferation and vasoconstriction of the small pulmonary arteries that eventually leads to right-sided heart failure and death. Patients often initially have symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema; later in the disease, presyncope and syncope are common. Patients with progressive pulmonary arterial hypertension despite oral therapy and/or with severe disease typically require treatment with a prostanoid. Inhaled treprostinil (Tyvaso) is a prostacyclin analog indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension to increase walk distance in patients with symptoms classified as New York Heart Association functional class III. Inhaled treprostinil was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2009. This article provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and reviews the mechanism of action, key clinical data, and the practical management of inhaled treprostinil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Optimal Management of Shivering During Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Logan Angela , Sangkachand Prasama , Funk Marjorie
Published: December 2011

Both pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods are used to control shivering in therapeutic hypothermia. An evidence-based protocol based on the most current research has been developed for the management of shivering during therapeutic hypothermia. Meperidine is the drug of choice and provides the greatest reduction in the shivering threshold. Other effective pharmacological agents recommended for reducing the threshold include dexmedetomidine, midazolam, fentanyl, and magnesium sulfate. In addition, skin counterwarming techniques, such as use of an air-circulating blanket, are effective nonpharmacological methods for reducing shivering when used in conjunction with medication. As a last resort, neuromuscular blocking agents are considered appropriate therapy for management of refractory shivering.
Roles of TGF-βSignals in Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Watabe Tetsuro
Published: December 2011

Most cardiac diseases caused by inflammation are associated with fibrosis in the heart. Fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts and excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which results in the distorted organ architecture and function. Recent studies revealed that cardiac fibroblasts are heterogeneous with multiple origins. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays important roles in the formation of cardiac fibroblasts during pathological settings. EndMT is regulated by signaling pathways mediated by cytokines including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Better understanding of the mechanisms of the formation of cardiac fibroblasts via EndMT may provide an opportunity to develop therapeutic strategies to cure heart diseases.
A Moderate Response to Plasmapheresis in Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Authors: Ustuner Pelin , Kose Ozlem Karadag , Gulec A. Tulin , Ozen Ozlem
Published: December 2011

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a recently identified idiopathic cutaneous fibrosing disorder that occurs in the setting of renal failure. The disease initially called nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy is closely linked to exposure to gadolinium-based contrast media used during magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal insufficiency. Although little is known about the pathogenesis of this disease, the increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta has been demonstrated recently. Herein, we present a case of NSF was partially treated due to a moderate and temporary response to plasmapheresis with no recurrence for 6 months, but returned at the end of 6th month.
Extraosseous Ewing’s Tumor of Lateral Abdominal Wall
Authors: Gupta Nikhil , Chand Tirlok , Yadav Nidhi , Kumar Rajeev , Chauhan Devender , Chaudhary Poras , Arora Mohinder
Published: December 2011

Extraosseous Ewings tumor (EES) is a rare entity. Few cases have been reported in literature. There are no specific guidelines for management of this disease. We are reporting a case of EES arising from left lateral abdominal wall. We did wide excision of tumor followed by chemoradiation. Patient is asymptomatic after 8 months of follow up.
Financial Impact of Health Promotion Programs: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Aldana Steven G.
Published: December 2011

Purpose.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on the ability of health promotion programs to reduce employee-related health care expenditures and absenteeism.

Search Process.

Using key words in a literature-searching program, a comprehensive search was conducted on the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, HealthSTAR, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, SciSearch, ERIC, and ABI Inform.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.

All data-based studies that appeared in peer reviewed journals in the English language. Theses, dissertations, or presentation abstracts that were not published in peer reviewed journals were excluded. The initial search identified 196 studies, but only 72 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review.

Data Extraction Methods.

Summary tables were created that include design classification, subject size, results, and other key information for each study.

Data Synthesis.

Both the nature of the findings and the overall quality of the literature were evaluated in an attempt to answer two questions: Do individuals or populations with high health risks have worse financial outcomes than individuals or populations with low health risks? Do health promotion programs improve financial outcomes?

Major Conclusions.

There are good correlational data to suggest that high levels of stress, excessive body weight, and multiple risk factors are associated with increased health care costs and illness-related absenteeism. The associations between seat belt use, cholesterol, diet, hypertension, and alcohol abuse and absenteeism and health care expenditures are either mixed or unknown. Health promotion programs are associated with lower levels of absenteeism and health care costs, and fitness programs are associated with reduced health care costs.
The Stages of Change for Dietary Fat and Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Patients at the Outset of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Frame C. Jeffrey , Green Claudia G. , Herr David G. , Myers Jane E. , Taylor Martha L.
Published: December 2011

Purpose.

To determine the stages of change for dietary fat and fruit and vegetable intake of cardiac patients entering a rehabilitation program.

Design.

A cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of newly admitted cardiac rehabilitation patients.

Setting.

Department of Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Greensboro, North Carolina.

Subjects.

Subjects (n = 226) were predominantly men, Caucasian, married, smokers with 9 to 12 years of education, and with primary diagnoses of coronary artery bypass graft.

Measures.

Stages of change and food frequency questionnaires were completed by subjects upon admission to cardiac rehabilitation.

Results.

Subjects in action and maintenance stages for dietary fat reduction comprised 78.7% of the population. Subjects' percentage of energy from fat decreased linearly from the precontemplation stage (38.8%) to the maintenance stage (30.9%). Eighty-one percent of subjects were in precontemplation/contemplation for increasing fruit and vegetable intake. Daily servings of fruits and vegetables ranged from 2.6 for precontemplation to 5.1 for maintenance subjects. Age, body mass index (BMI), education, and family history for coronary disease were unrelated to stage of change for the dependent variables.

Conclusions.

Patients were in different stages of change for two nutritional behaviors linked to the same disease. Results support the need to assess patients for food behaviors and apply different educational interventions for each food behavior.
Preoperative Computed Tomography-Derived Bone Densities in Hounsfield Units at Implant Sites Acquired Primary Stability
Authors: Hiasa Kyou , Abe Yasuhiko , Okazaki Yohei , Nogami Keisuke , Mizumachi Wataru , Akagawa Yasumasa
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperative CT-derived bone densities in Hounsfield units (HU) at implant sites that acquired primary stability, and to compare these values to the optimal bone densities proposed in the literature. Fifty-one patients, 18 males (37 implant sites) and 33 females (67 implant sites) between 2003 and 2010 were assessed. CT data for different jaw sections, regions, and operating procedures were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Scheffe's test for multiple comparisons (P<0.05). The mean bone density in the maxilla was significantly lower than that in the mandible (P<0.05); the mean bone densities in the 4 jaw regions decreased in the following order: anterior mandible > anterior maxilla > posterior mandible > posterior maxilla. The bone densities assessed by HU fell into the range of optimal bone densities associated with acquired primary implant stability proposed in the literature.
Equivalent Single-Junction Model of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices in the Presence of Time-Varying Fields
Authors: De Luca R.
Published: December 2011

The reduced dynamical model of a two-junction quantum interference device is generalized to the case of time-varying externally applied fluxes with a d. c. component and an oscillating addendum whose frequency is comparable with the inverse of the characteristic time for flux dynamics within the superconducting system. From the resulting effective single-junction model for null inductance of the superconducting loop, it can be seen that the critical current of the device shows a dependence on the frequency and amplitude of the oscillating part of the applied flux. It can therefore be argued that the latter quantities can be considered as control parameters in the voltage versus applied flux curves of superconducting quantum interference devices.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter: Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Features
Authors: Miller Ross J , Holmäng Sten , Johansson Sonny L , Lele Subodh M
Published: December 2011

Context.—Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis and/or ureter is very rare, with only case reports published in the literature.

Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in the largest series to date.

Design.—A review of a regional cancer registry identified 10 cases diagnosed as SCC from 930 patients with renal pelvic and/or ureteral cancer from 1971 to 1998. The original slides, demographics, treatment, and clinical outcome were reviewed. Representative sections were immunostained for AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, CD56, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and thyroid transcription factor 1.

Results.—Of the 10 cases, 5 were pure SCC, 2 were mixed (SCC and urothelial carcinoma), 2 were reclassified as poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma, and 1 was reclassified as urothelial carcinoma. The patients with SCC had an age range of 50 to 80 years (median, 72 years) with a female to male ratio of 2.5∶1. All patients had non–organ confined disease. Five of 7 patients died of disease; 4 of those 5 had been clinically followed (median survival, 23 months) and 1 was diagnosed at autopsy. The SCC cases revealed positive staining of the SCC component as follows: AE1/AE3 (7 of 7), CD56 (7 of 7), synaptophysin (6 of 7), thyroid transcription factor 1 (5 of 7), chromogranin (4 of 7), and cytokeratin 7 (1 of 7). None were positive for cytokeratin 20 (0 of 7).

Conclusions.—SCC of the renal pelvis/ureter is seen in a predominately female population in Sweden, is clinically aggressive, and has poor survival when presenting at an advanced stage in patients only treated by surgery. An immunostain panel serves as a useful adjunct in classifying these tumors.
Pesticides and Associated Impact on Human Health: A Case of Small Farmers in Southern Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh S.A. , Nizamani S.M. , Jamali A.A. , Kumbhar M.I.
Published: December 2011

The unbridled use of pesticides in agriculture sector poses a serious environmental degradation problem besides, being intimately associated with public and workers health hazard. Although the use of pesticides help to considerably control diseases, hence reduce crop losses and result in better yield of the crops. Pesticides are particularly under use to improve production of crops like corn, vegetables, potatoes and cotton, although their unfavourable effects on environmental quality and human health have frequently been reported and well documented. Pesticides mismanagement starts at the local area but always exhibits local and global impacts with universal dimensions.

The study aimed at determining the extent of pesticide use and farmers’ knowledge of the pesticides and their use on the field. One hundred farmers were interviewed concerning pesticides usage patterns from amongst farmers in vegetable production area in Lower Sindh, Pakistan. Information was obtained through structured Questionnaire coupled with personal interviews. The results revealed that 27 different pesticides were used by farmers and majority of pesticides were insecticides. All pesticides used were registered by Government of Pakistan. Toxicity class of majority pesticides belonged to Class-II, which WHO classifies as moderately hazardous and one highly hazardous pesticide with the class- Ib was also being used. Okra and tomato were more affected by the insect pests. Majority of farmers relied on nicotinoid and organophosphate groups of pesticides. A considerable number of farmers had received education at middle school level only. The source of farmers knowledge of pesticide use was the pesticides dealer who advised them when to spray the crops (s). Half of farmers had no safety protection gears/tools during pesticide application and vegetable harvesting. The survey has shown some overuse, misuse and abuse of pesticides. Farmers were not aware of pesticide hazards and they lacked appropriate knowledge on safe handling and use of pesticides, which can be attributed to inadequate agriculture extension services and state of art trainings to the farmers at their door steps along with lack of education. Since these pesticides were being traditionally used by the farmers in the near by fields and on the same fields with out their deleterious effect knowledge to the farmers, soil and environment combined together as most of the farmers were not educated but also ill equipped about the knowledge of the kind/type of pesticide being used/sprayed what to talk of its chemical nature leading to harmful effects.
Test-Negative Study Designs for Evaluating Vaccine Effectiveness
Authors: Dean Natalie , Amin Avnika B.
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods article explains the test-negative study design, an observational study design routinely used to estimate vaccine effectiveness, and examines its use in a study that estimated the performance of messenger RNA boosters against the Omicron variant.
Postpartum Ambulatory Blood Pressure Patterns Following New-Onset Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Hauspurg Alisse , Venkatakrishnan Kripa , Collins Latima , Countouris Malamo , Larkin Jacob , Quinn Beth , Kabir Nuzhat , Catov Janet , Lemon Lara , Simhan Hyagriv
Published: June 2024

Importance

After a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, hypertension can worsen in the postpartum period following hospital discharge. Risk factors for ongoing hypertension and associated outcomes have not been well characterized.

Objective

To identify risk factors and characterize outcomes for individuals with ongoing hypertension and severe hypertension following hospital discharge post partum through a hospital system’s remote blood pressure (BP) management program.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study involved a population-based sample of individuals with a new-onset hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (preeclampsia or gestational hypertension) and no prepregnancy hypertension who delivered between September 2019 and June 2021. Participants were enrolled in a remote BP monitoring and management program at a postpartum unit at a referral hospital. Data analysis was performed from August 2021 to January 2023.

Exposure

Inpatient postpartum BP categories.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were readmission and emergency department visits within the first 6 weeks post partum. Logistic regression was used to model adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs.

Results

Of 2705 individuals in the cohort (mean [SD] age, 29.8 [5.7] years), 2214 (81.8%) had persistent hypertension post partum after hospital discharge, 382 (14.1%) developed severe hypertension after discharge, and 610 (22.6%) had antihypertensive medication initiated after discharge. Individuals with severe hypertension had increased odds of postpartum emergency department visits (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.17-2.92) and hospital readmissions (aOR, 6.75; 95% CI, 3.43-13.29) compared with individuals with BP normalization. When inpatient postpartum BP categories were compared with outpatient home BP trajectories to inform optimal thresholds for inpatient antihypertensive medication initiation, there was significant overlap between postdischarge BP trajectories among those with inpatient systolic BP greater than or equal to 140 to 149 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 90 to 99 mm Hg and those with systolic BP greater than or equal to 150 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that more than 80% of individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had ongoing hypertension after hospital discharge, with approximately 14% developing severe hypertension. These data support the critical role of remote BP monitoring programs and highlight the need for improved tools for risk stratification and consideration of liberalization of thresholds for medication initiation post partum.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri 6475 and Prevention of Early Postmenopausal Bone Loss
Authors: Gregori Giulia , Pivodic Aldina , Magnusson Per , Johansson Lisa , Hjertonsson Ulrika , Brättemark Emma , Lorentzon Mattias
Published: June 2024

Importance

Daily supplementation with the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (L reuteri) vs placebo has previously been demonstrated to reduce bone loss in an estrogen deficiency mice model and older women, although the magnitude of the effect was small. We hypothesized that long-term treatment with L reuteri could result in clinically relevant skeletal benefits in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective

To evaluate whether daily supplementation with L reuteri vs placebo could reduce early postmenopausal bone loss and whether the effects remained or increased over time during 2 years of treatment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted between December 4, 2019, and October 6, 2022, at a single center in Gothenburg, southwestern Sweden. Participants were recruited by online advertisements, and letters were sent to 10 062 women aged 50 to 60 years. Responding women (n = 752) underwent telephone screening, resulting in 292 women being invited to a screening visit. Of those who were screened, 239 women met all inclusion criteria and had no exclusion criteria.

Interventions

Capsules with L reuteri in 2 doses, 5 × 108 (low dose) or 5 × 109 (high dose) colony-forming units, taken twice daily or placebo were administered. All capsules also included cholecalciferol, 200 IU.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the relative change in tibia total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) over 2 years. Secondary outcomes included relative change in areal BMD of the lumbar spine and total hip, bone turnover markers C-terminal telopeptide cross-links of collagen type I and type I procollagen intact N-terminal propeptide, as well as tibia trabecular bone volume fraction and cortical vBMD. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were conducted.

Results

A total of 239 postmenopausal women (median age, 55 [IQR, 53-56] years) were included. Tibia vBMD (primary outcome), hip and spine vBMD, and tibia cortical area and BMD decreased significantly in all groups, with no group-to-group differences (percent change tibia vBMD high dose vs placebo least-squares means, −0.08 [95 CI, −0.85 to 0.69] and low dose vs placebo least-squares means, −0.22 [95% CI, −0.99 to 0.55]). There were no significant treatment effects on any other predefined outcomes. A prespecified sensitivity analysis found a significant interaction between body mass index (BMI) and treatment effect at 2 years. No significant adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial of 239 early postmenopausal women, supplementation with L reuteri had no effect on bone loss or bone turnover over 2 years. The observed interaction between BMI and treatment effect warrants further investigation.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04169789
Patient Safety and Satisfaction With Fully Remote Management of Radiation Oncology Care
Authors: Cuaron John J. , McBride Sean , Chino Fumiko , Parikh Dhwani , Kollmeier Marisa , Pastrana Gerri , Wagner Keri , Tamas Andrew , Gomez Daniel
Published: June 2024

Importance

Patients of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, New York, are now offered a choice of either in-person or remote telehealth visits for radiation oncology care. However, safety and satisfaction among patients receiving treatment with fully remote physician management is unclear.

Objective

To analyze patient safety and satisfaction, financial implications, and environmental consequences associated with fully remote management among a cohort of patients treated with radiotherapy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-institution retrospective cohort study was performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, with patients treated with radiation who opted for fully remote management between October 1, 2020, and October 31, 2022. Data on patient safety events were prospectively collected with an in-house quality improvement reporting system. Patient satisfaction surveys were distributed electronically before, during, and after treatment. Patient transportation costs and environmental consequences were estimated based on differences in travel distance. Data analysis was performed from March 14 through September 19, 2023.

Exposure

Radiotherapy with fully remote physician management.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Satisfaction rates among patients opting for fully remote management were analyzed via surveys administered electronically after visits with clinicians. Patient safety events, defined as staff-reported actual events and near misses that had the potential to affect patient care, were reviewed. Rates and types of safety events were analyzed and compared with patients treated by onsite clinicians. Distances between patient home zip codes and treatment site locations were compared with estimated cost savings and decreased emissions.

Results

This study included 2817 patients who received radiation oncology care with fully remote physician management. The median age of patients was 65 (range, 9-99) years, and more than half were men (1467 [52.1%]). Of the 764 safety events reported, 763 (99.9%) did not reach patients or caused no harm to patients. Nearly all survey respondents (451 [97.6%]) rated patient satisfaction as good to very good across all domains. For treatment with fully remote physician management, out-of-pocket cost savings totaled $612 912.71 ($466.45 per patient) and decreased carbon dioxide emissions by 174 metric tons.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, radiation oncology care provided by fully remote clinicians was safe and feasible, with no serious patient events. High patient satisfaction, substantial cost savings, and decreased environmental consequences were observed. These findings support the continuation of a fully remote management option for select patients in the post–COVID-19 era.
What is the optimal isodose line for stereotactic radiotherapy for single brain metastases using HyperArc?
Authors: Sagawa Tomohiro , Ikawa Toshiki , Ohira Shingo , Kanayama Naoyuki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Inui Shoki , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Konishi Koji
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The study aimed to investigate the optimal isodose line (IDL) in linear accelerator‐based stereotactic radiotherapy for single brain metastasis, using HyperArc. We compared the dosimetric parameters for target and normal brain tissue among six plans with different IDLs.

Methods

This study included 30 patients with single brain metastasis. We retrospectively generated six plans for each tumor with different IDLs (80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, and 33%) using HyperArc. All treatment plans were normalized to the prescription dose of 35 Gy in five fractions which was covered by 95% of the planning target volume (PTV), defined by adding a 1.0 mm margin to the gross tumor volume (GTV). The dosimetric parameters were compared among the six plans.

Results

For GTV > 0.1 cm3, the ratio of brain–GTV volumes receiving 25 Gy to PTV (V25Gy/PTV) was significantly lower at IDL 40%–70% than at IDL 80% and 33% (p < 0.01, retrospectively). For GTV < 0.1 cm3, V25Gy/PTV decreased continuously as IDL decreased. The values of D99% and D80% for GTV increased with decreasing IDL. An IDL of 50% or less was required to achieve D99% of greater than 43 Gy and D80% of greater than 50 Gy. The mean values of D99% and D80% for IDL 50% were 44.3 and 51.9 Gy.

Conclusion

The optimal IDL is 40%–50% for GTV > 0.1 cm3. These lower IDLs could increase D99% and D80% of GTV while lowering V25Gy of normal brain tissue, which may help reduce the risk of radiation necrosis and improve local control.
Activation of cGAS/STING Drives Inflammation and Cellular Senescence of Macrophages in Ovarian Endometrioma Induced by Endometriotic Cyst Fluid
Authors: Ye Wenting , Sun Yan , Cai Jing , Yin Jinwen , Liu Jing , Liu Yuhua , Zhang Shuanghao , Xia Siyu , Song Yali
Published: June 2024

Ovarian endometrioma (OE) is a common gynecological condition characterized by the formation of “chocolate cysts”. Recent research indicates that the cyst fluid acts as a “toxic environment” for the ovary and plays a significant role in the development of OE, with macrophages being pivotal. However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of it are not fully understood. In this study, clinical samples are integrated, single‐cell sequencing, in vivo and in vitro experimental models to comprehensively investigate the effects of OE fluid on ovarian function and the mechanisms of it. Combined with bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, the findings demonstrate that OE fluid can cause ovarian function decline, which associated with inflammatory response, and mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, while activating the cGAS/STING signaling pathway. As a STING inhibitor, H‐151 effectively alleviates ovarian dysfunction, inflammatory state and cell apoptosis induced by OE fluid. Furthermore, it is also discovered that H‐151 can inhibit OE fluid‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. These findings provide important theoretical and experimental foundations for further research and development of STING inhibitors as potential drugs for treating ovarian dysfunction.
Advancements in Metal‐Organic, Enzymatic, and Nanocomposite Platforms for Wireless Sensors of the Next Generation
Authors: Mohan Brij , Virender  , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Pombeiro Armando J. L. , Solovev Alexander A. , Singh Gurjaspreet
Published: June 2024

Advanced wireless sensors, incorporating metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), enzymatic systems, and nanocomposites, offer unparalleled solutions for monitoring analytes and human physiological signals. These cutting‐edge sensors, when used with external devices, enable real‐time monitoring of analytes and physicochemical processes within the human body, thereby enhancing the understanding of complex biological systems. This study presents advancements in sensor development, fabrication techniques, and user‐friendly protocols. The performance of these sensors is evaluated based on their selectivity, sensitivity, and detection limits. Moreover, this article explores limitations, challenges, and key strategies to enhance analyte recognition from onsite environmental and biological species, ensuring human point‐of‐care safety.
Unraveling Dual Mechanisms in Quasi‐Layered Bi2O2Se via Defect Modulation for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Yen , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Tuan Hsing‐Yu
Published: June 2024

Developing cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) that offer high capacity, rapid charge–discharge rates, and prolonged cycle life remains a significant challenge. This study explores the use of zipper‐type Bi2O2Se nanoplates modified by selenium vacancy (Vse) modulation, which reduces electron scattering, enhances carrier mobility in [Bi2O2] conducting channels, and decreases coulombic interactions within electrostatic layers. The introduction of Se vacancies facilitates electron transfer from the host to [Bi2O2] channels and reduces scattering in the [Bi2O2] framework, thus improving carrier mobility. These Se‐poor Bi2O2Se nanoplates demonstrate a greater affinity for zinc ions, reduced diffusion barriers, and faster transport kinetics, which enable more efficient Zn‐ion insertion, tripling the electrochemical capacity, improving rate capabilities, and extending cycling life. Enhancements such as reinforced structural integrity and expanded interlayer spaces support a dual Zn‐ion‐driven mechanism involving both insertion and conversion reactions, essential for superior electrochemical storage performance. The results include an impressive discharge/charge capacity of 380.3 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, a cycle life of up to 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, and a current tolerance exceeding 10 A g−1. This research highlights how nano‐ and defect engineering of Bi2O2Se can significantly enhance ionic conductivity, expedite electron transfer, and improve Zn‐ion diffusion.
A Thermo‐Responsive MOFs for X‐Ray Scintillator
Authors: Li Hongjun , Li Yi , Zhang Lin , Hu Enlai , Zhao Dian , Guo Hai , Qian Guodong
Published: June 2024

Thermo‐responsive smart materials have aroused extensive interest due to the particular significance of temperature sensing. Although various photoluminescent materials are explored in thermal detection, it is not applicable enough in X‐ray radiation environment where the accuracy and reliability will be influenced. Here, a strategy is proposed by introducing the concept of radio‐luminescent functional building units (RBUs) to construct thermo‐responsive lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs) scintillators for self‐calibrating thermometry. The rational designs of RBUs (including organic ligand and Tb3+/Eu3+) with appropriate energy levels lead to high‐performance radio‐luminescence. Ln‐MOFs scintillators exhibit perfect linear response to X‐ray, presenting low dose rate detection limit (min ≈156.1 nGyairs‐1). Self‐calibrating detection based on ratiometric XEL intensities is achieved with good absolute and relative sensitivities of 6.74 and 8.1%K‐1, respectively. High relative light yield (max ≈39000 photons MeV−1), imaging spatial resolution (max ≈18 lp mm‐1), irradiation stability (intensity ≈100% at 368 K in total dose up to 215 Gyair), and giant color transformation visualization benefit the applications, especially the in situ thermo‐responsive X‐ray imaging. Such strategy provides a promising way to develop the novel smart photonic materials with excellent scintillator performances.
In Situ Self‐Reconfiguration Induced Multifunctional Triple‐Gradient Artificial Interfacial Layer toward Long‐Life Zn‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Shao Zhipeng , Lin Lin , Zhuang Wubin , Liu Shizhuo , Yang Peng , Zhu Kaiping , Li Chaowei , Guo Gengde , Wang Wenhui , Zhang Qichong , Yao Yagang
Published: June 2024

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries featuring with intrinsic safety and low cost are highly desirable for large‐scale energy storage, but the unstable Zn‐metal anode resulting from uncontrollable dendrite growth and grievous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) shortens their cycle life. Herein, a feasible in situ self‐reconfiguration strategy is developed to generate triple‐gradient poly(diallyldimethylammonium) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PDDA‐TFSI)‐Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O‐Sn (PT‐ZHC‐Sn) artificial layer. The resulting triple‐gradient interface consists of the spherical top layer PT with cation confinement and H2O inhibition, the dense intermediate layer ZHC nanosheet with Zn2+ conduction and electron shielding, and the bottom layer Znophilic Sn metal. The well‐designed triple‐gradient artificial interfacial layer synergistically facilitates rapid Zn2+ diffusion to regulate uniform Zn deposition and accelerates the desolvation process while suppressing HER. Consequently, the PT‐ZHC‐Sn@Zn symmetric cell achieves an ultralong lifespan over 6500 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 for 0.5 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, a full battery coupling with MnO2 cathode exhibits a 17.2% increase in capacity retention compared with bare Zn anode after 1000 cycles. The in situ self‐reconfiguration strategy is also applied to prepare triple‐gradient PT‐ZHC‐In, and the assembled Zn//Cu cell operates steadily for over 8400 h while maintaining Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. This work paves the way to designing multicomponent gradient interface for stable Zn‐metal anodes.
Aptamer‐Based DNA Allosteric Switch for Regulation of Protein Activity
Authors: Sun Hongzhi , Zhao Di , He Yating , Meng Hong‐Min , Li Zhaohui
Published: June 2024

Allostery is a fundamental way to regulate the function of biomolecules playing crucial roles in cell metabolism and proliferation and is deemed the second secret of life. Given the limited understanding of the structure of natural allosteric molecules, the development of artificial allosteric molecules brings a huge opportunity to transform the allosteric mechanism into practical applications. In this study, the concept of bionics is introduced into the design of artificial allosteric molecules and an allosteric DNA switch with an activity site and an allosteric site based on two aptamers for selective inhibition of thrombin activity. Compared with the single aptamer, the allosteric switch possesses a significantly enhanced inhibition ability, which can be precisely regulated by converting the switch states. Moreover, the dynamic allosteric switch is further subjected to the control of the DNA threshold circuit for realizing automatic concentration determination and activity inhibition of thrombin. These compelling results confirm that this allosteric switch equipped with self‐sensing and information‐processing modules puts a new slant on the research of allosteric mechanisms and further application of allosteric tactics in chemical and biomedical fields.
Flexible Dielectric Materials: Potential and Applications in Antennas and RF Sensors
Authors: Hussain Musa , Zahra Hijab , Abbas Syed Muzahir , Zhu Yong
Published: June 2024

Dielectrics are non‐conducting substances that are primarily utilized to hold electric charges. These materials are widely employed in the field of chemical mechanical, civil and structural engineering, because of their inherent insulating properties. Besides these domains, dielectric materials are also used in electrical and electronic applications. Dielectric materials have shown an ever‐increasing potential in recent years in the fabrication of antennas, sensors, and optical devices that are extensively utilized for on‐body, environmental, robotics, and biomedical applications. With inherent electrostatic shielding, insulation, and dielectric relaxations, these materials are used in intelligent electronic devices used for biomedical applications, smart devices, vehicles, and future IoT applications. Numerous applications necessitate multiple kinds of dielectric, classified based on their polarization, flexibility, thickness, dielectric constant, and specific application. In this extensive research review, the characteristics and various aspects of dielectric materials are discussed, followed by a thorough and detailed review of flexible dielectrics and their usage in flexible electronics. Additionally, the practicality and applications of these materials which come from a variety of publications in the literature are also discussed. Moreover, in‐depth study of dieletrics in sensors and RF applications are performed.
Highly adhesive and impact‐strengthening supramolecular polyurethane derived from facile incorporation of UPy motifs toward energy dissipation binding applications
Authors: Li Zixian , Zhu Jun , Niu Peixin , Wang Hui , Sun Ailing , Wei Liuhe , Huang Xiancong , Chen Junxian , Li Yuhan
Published: June 2024

The implementation of hot melt adhesives reaching structural adhesion with both impact resistance and detachability is of prospective industry value but still remains challenging. In this work, 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylpyrimidine serving as both chain extender and end‐capping reagent due to its isomerism, was developed to construct a supramolecular polyurethane‐derived hot melt structural adhesive. The as‐synthesized PUM elastomers occurs obvious decrease of molecular weight at 80°C compared to room temperature, revealing the existence of self‐complementary 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) motifs at chain ends. This unique structure allows to chemically incorporate abundant hierarchical and quadruple hydrogen bonding moieties, which results in remarkable enhancement of shear strength, ranging from 6.4 to 16.6 MPa. More importantly, it also exhibits unique impact‐strengthening and reproducible adhering ability. The Hopkinson‐press‐bar and cyclic tensile tests manifest that quadruple hydrogen bonds play a pivotal role in buffering external forces and increasing energy dissipation when exposed to high velocity impacts. The true stress and strain synchronously increase as the strain rate augments while the shear strength can even roar up to ~18 MPa at high tensile speed. With regard to mild synthetic conditions, atomic economic use of reactants, it is promising that this material has industrial potential to be utilized in applications referred to energy‐absorption and reproducible structural adhesion.
Nitrite Electroreduction Enhanced by Hybrid Compounds of Keggin Polyoxometalates and 1‐Butyl‐3‐Vinylimidazolium
Authors: Zhou Yulin , Sun Jing , Gallet Sébastien , Raya Jesus , Boudon Corinne , Bonnefont Antoine , Ruhlmann Laurent , Badets Vasilica
Published: June 2024

We describe here an immobilization method of four Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) ([H2W12O40]6−, [BW12O40]5− [SiW12O40]4−, [PW12O40]3−) by using the reaction with an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium (BVIM) bromide. The reaction yields a hybrid material (BVIM‐POM) as a water‐insoluble salt. The chemical structure of both compounds is preserved, as indicated by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), although with a reduced crystallinity (shown by X‐ray diffraction analysis) due to a decrease of water content (shown by thermogravimetric analysis). Cross polarization 1H‐31P NMR evidenced the presence of BVIM in the structure of (BVIM)3[PW12O40]. The salt is mixed with carbon powder and Nafion to prepare an ink and casted on glassy carbon electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of immobilized POMs material is preserved. The electrochemical activity for nitrite reduction is measured by cyclic voltammetry and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). It was observed that the reduction current of 10 mM HNO2 at pH 1 in 0.5 M Na2SO4 is enhanced in the presence of these hybrid materials. DEMS has evidenced the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O) at potentials more positive compared to the use of parent POMs in solution.
Synthesis, Characterization and Energetic Properties of Hydroxymethyl‐Bishomocubanone Derivatives
Authors: Lal Sohan , Rao Cheekatla Subba , Suresh Alati , Ayyagari Narasimham , Mallick Lovely , Pallikonda Gangaram , Desai Poonam , Ahirwar Parmanand , Chowdhury Arindrajit , Kumbhakarna Neeraj , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: June 2024

The present work reports synthesis, characterization and theoretical insights on novel hydroxymethyl‐bishomocubanone derivatives. Twelve new bishomocubanes (BHCs) were synthesized and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X‐ray analysis. The densities of the title compounds were in the range of 1.30–1.59 g/cm3. Density‐functional theory (DFT) based calculations at B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory were performed on ten selected BHC based cage compounds. Propulsive and ballistic properties of newly synthesized hydroxymethyl‐bishomocubanone derivatives in solid and liquid propulsion systems were calculated, and the results suggested that these compounds are superior to conventional fuel RP1 and binder HTPB. The detonation parameters revealed that these compounds are not explosive in nature and safe to use as solid propellants. Furthermore, kinetic and thermal stabilities of the title compounds were determined by HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, ESP maps, impact sensitivity (h50) and bond dissociation energies (BDEs) followed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Three compounds, a dinitroazide (Isp,vac=310.98 s), a dinitrate (Isp,vac=309.51 s), and a dinitronitrate (Isp,vac=309.20s) were found to be excellent candidates for volume limited applications.
Embedding patients' values and preferences in guideline development for allergic diseases: The case study of Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma 2024
Authors: Vieira Rafael José , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Bognanni Antonio , Yepes‐Nuñez Juan José , Zhang Yuan , Lityńska Justyna , Sadowska Ewelina , Borowiack Ewa , Samolinski Boleslaw , Togias Alkis , Zuberbier Torsten , Bousquet Jean , Schünemann Holger J.
Published: June 2024

Recommendations for or against the use of interventions need to consider both desirable and undesirable effects as well as patients' values and preferences (V&P). In the decision‐making context, patients' V&P represent the relative importance people place on the outcomes resulting from a decision. Therefore, the balance between desirable and undesirable effects from an intervention should depend not only on the difference between benefits and harms but also on the value that patients place on them. V&P are therefore one of the criteria to be considered when formulating guideline recommendations in the Evidence‐to‐Decision framework developed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) Working Group. Patients' V&P may be quantified through utilities, which can be elicited using direct methods (e.g., standard gamble or time trade‐off) or indirect methods (using validated instruments to measure health‐related quality of life, such as EQ‐5D). The GRADE approach recommends conducting systematic reviews to summarise all the available evidence and assess the degree of certainty on V&P. In this article, we discuss the importance of considering patients' V&P and provide examples of how they are considered in the 2024 person‐centred Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines.
Epitaxial Calcite Morphology Modified in the Presence of Magnesium and Sulfate Ions
Authors: Tighidet Hassiba , Joiret Suzanne , Cherchour Nabila , Brinis Naima , Aoudia Kahina
Published: June 2024

Magnesium and sulfate are a determinant key in CaCO3 mineralization. However, the works of the literature have failed to provide a clear understanding of how these ions influence the nucleation‐growth of CaCO3 precipitation. Our study uses an electrochemical method, having for principle to impose a dissolved oxygen reduction potential on gold (111) films. This technique that allows the exclusive and controlled crystallization of epitaxial calcite established an ideal system for the study of foreign ions influence. The polymorph, composition and morphology of crystals are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the increase of calcium concentration in calcocarbonic pure solution enhances the nucleation and then the growth of calcite crystals without affecting their morphology and their orientation. However, the magnesium directly modifies the surface morphology of calcite as a consequence of Mg substitution to calcium ions and the inhibitive effect of magnesium is assured by an incorporation mechanism. In the matter of sulfate ions influence, the experimental results indicate that SO42− slows down the epitaxial calcite nucleation by substituting itself to carbonate ions preferentially in the center of the crystals facets causing an enlargement of the lattice parameter.
Evaluation of a vacuum insulated temperature calibration device to calibrate thermistor characteristics for skin cancer diagnosis
Authors: Fujita Homei , Nonaka Takashi , Hosokawa Yasushi , Kogawa Takuma , Guo Fuhui , Iseki Yuya , Yokota Miyo , Okabe Takahiro , Maruyama Shigenao
Published: June 2024

Recent methods using thermistors as an early detection of skin cancer require the higher resolution of 5 mK. Previously, the authors developed a vacuum insulated temperature device that calibrates the resistance temperature characteristics of thermistors, so that it improves the temperature resolution and accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis. In this study, the operational methods of the calibration system were compared for improving further accuracy using the temperature calibration device and the oil tank calibration device. The results of the comparison indicated that the temperature calibration device is probably as accurate as the oil tank calibration device.
Copper Iodide Hybrid with Unique Cu3I3 Trimeric Inorganic Functional Unit and Far‐red/Near‐infrared Emission
Authors: Li Haibo , Su Chen , Wang Qianqian , Yang Jing , Zhu Jialin , Tong Hua , Zhao Ning , Liu Wei , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a neutral copper iodide hybrid with unique Cu3I3 trimeric inorganic functional unit is successfully fabricated using 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoxaline (L) with large steric‐hindrance group as the organic ligand. The hybrid owns a one‐dimensional (1D) extended polymeric structure in the form of Cu3I3(L)2. As a CuI‐based hybrid, 1D‐Cu3I3(L)2 has an infrequent far‐red/near‐infrared emission, exhibiting the potential application prospects in the field of display and night vision. Moreover, the luminescence mechanism is carefully studied by decay lifetime measurement and calculation of density of states, which is verified to be the combination of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and halide‐to‐ligand charge transfer.