bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Coaching Condition on the Magnitude and Reliability of Drop Jump Height in Men and Women
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Rojas F. Javier , Fernandes John F.T. , Gómez-Martínez Federico , García-Ramos Amador
Published: December 2020

This study examined the effect of different coaching conditions on the magnitude and reliability of drop jump height in men and women. Nineteen collegiate sport sciences students (10 men) performed two sets of 10 drop jumps under four different coaching conditions: neutral, augmented feedback, external focus of attention, and a combination of augmented feedback and external focus of attention. The augmented feedback condition revealed a significantly higher jump height than the neutral condition (p = .002), while no significant differences were observed for the remaining conditions (p ≥ .38). The external focus of attention condition was more reliable than the neutral and augmented feedback conditions (coefficient of variationratio ≥ 1.15), while no differences were observed between the remaining conditions. These results suggest that both the magnitude and reliability of the drop jump height performance are influenced by the coaching condition.
Acute effects of extruded pulse snacks on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults in a double blind, randomized crossover trial
Authors: Johnston Alie , Mollard Rebecca C. , Dandeneau Dianna , MacKay Dylan S. , Ames Nancy , Curran Julianne , Bouchard Danielle , Jones Peter
Published: December 2020

Research indicates that the post-prandial glycemic benefits of consuming whole pulses are retained when consumed in a mixed meal, pureed, and ground into flours. The glycemic benefits of pulse flours when incorporated into extruded products are unknown. In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, adults (n = 26) consumed extruded corn snacks made with the addition of 40% pulse flour from either: whole yellow pea, split yellow pea, green lentil, chickpea, or pinto bean. The control snack was 100% corn. Food intake was measured with an ad libitum meal consumed at 120 min. Blood glucose (BG), insulin and appetite were measured regularly before (pre-meal, 0-120 min) and after (post-meal, 140-200 min) the meal. Pinto bean and chickpea snacks led to lower (p<0.05) pre-meal BG incremental area under the curve (iAUC), compared with control, whole yellow pea and green lentil snacks. Pinto bean snack also led to lower (pre-meal BG (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05) iAUC compared with control, whole yellow pea, and split yellow pea snacks. There were no differences in food intake or appetite. These findings indicate that effects of replacing corn with pulse flours in extruded snacks on BG, and insulin are dependent on pulse type. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02402504. Registered on 30 March 2015.

Novelty bullets:
The incorporation of pinto bean and chickpea flour into extruded corn snacks improves postprandial glycemic response.
Pulse containing snacks were equally as palatable as the corn snacks.
The incorporation of pulses into corn snacks increased the protein and fibre content.
Vector Solutions for Linearly Coupled Choquard Type Equations with Lower Critical Exponents
Authors: Wu Huiling
Published: December 2020

The existence, nonexistence, and multiplicity of vector solutions of the linearly coupled Choquard type equations−Δu+V1xu=Iα∗uN+α/Nuα/N−1u+λv,x∈ℝN,−Δv+V2xv=Iα∗vN+α/Nvα/N−1v+λu,x∈ℝN,u,v∈H1ℝN,are proved, whereα∈0,N,N≥3,V1xV2x∈L∞ℝNare positive functions, andIαdenotes the Riesz potential.
Energy and Daylighting Evaluation of Integrated Semitransparent Photovoltaic Windows with Internal Light Shelves in Open‐Office Buildings
Authors: Mesloub Abdelhakim , Ghosh Artira , Albaqawy Ghazy Abdullah , Noaime Emad , Alsolami Badr M
Published: December 2020

In modern architecture, highly glazed commercial buildings account for considerable amount of energy, specifically in cold and hot climates because of heating, cooling, and lighting energy load demand. Abatement of this high building energy is possible by employing semitransparent photovoltaic (STPV) window which has triple point advantages as they control the admitted solar gain and daylight and generates benign electricity. Integration of internal light shelves (ILS) to this STPV window assists in controlling visual comfort. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the impact of a nonuniform layout of double‐glazing (DG) low‐e STPV and DG low‐E argon‐filled clear glass integrated into a fully glazed open‐office facade combined with ILS in cardinal orientations under Riyadh, London, Kuala Lumpur, and Algiers climates. Comprehensive energetic and radiance simulations were conducted to evaluate three groups of STPV configurations. The first group replaced the glazing area with amorphous silicon (a‐Si) modules with different transparencies; the second and third groups changed only 75% and 50% of the glazing area, respectively, with STPVs integrated with the ILS. The results revealed that the integration of a‐Si modules did not meet the visual comfort requirements but obtained the maximum saving in the east‐west axis. It was also found that the optimum design on the south‐facing facade with the nonuniform facade achieved 50% of STPV10 coverage in clear glazing windows combined with ILS; the energy saving ratios comparing the reference models were 76%, 83%, 65%, and 70% in Riyadh, London, Kuala Lumpur, and Algiers, respectively. Thus, the integration of STPVs with ILS is considered a more efficient way and effective solution to reduce the possibility of glare discomfort.
Verified Error Bounds for Real Eigenvalues of Real Symmetric and Persymmetric Matrices
Authors: Li Zhe , Wang Xueqing
Published: December 2020

This paper mainly investigates the verification of real eigenvalues of the real symmetric and persymmetric matrices. For a real symmetric or persymmetric matrix, we use eig code in Matlab to obtain its real eigenvalues on the basis of numerical computation and provide an algorithm to compute verified error bound such that there exists a perturbation matrix of the same type within the computed error bound whose exact real eigenvalues are the computed real eigenvalues.
Análise de política social e direito: interfaces e procedimentos metodológicos
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Freitas Maria Raquel Lino de , Marcio Henrique Pereira Marcio Henrique Pereira ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Direito de Ribeirão Preto
Published: December 2020

A publicação se destina a estudos empíricos ou aplicados sobre políticas sociais em perspectiva multidisciplinar, com foco em seus elementos sociojurídicos. A abordagem se sustenta na relação dialética e complementar entre a transposição do sentido jurídico das políticas sociais e as análises dessas à luz de referências jurídicas. A obra resgata os embates históricos por se afirmarem as políticas de bem-estar social, pondera sobre elaborações legislativas e sobre questões relacionadas às necessidades de adequação e execução nos campos do Poder Executivo e sobre questões atinentes às suas eventuais judicializações e perspectivas jurisdicionais. Destacam-se os aspectos subjetivos presentes nas múltiplas dimensões da vida social, localizados além dos limites das aferições sobre a desigualdade medida pelo critério da renda e dos limites lógico-formais comumente impostos no mundo jurídico. O livro reconhece estudos reveladores do anseio por uma nova linha de produção científica no ensino jurídico, voltada ao estudo da complexidade das relações sociais e dos contextos das normas, em sentido crítico às tradicionais preferências aos enfoques positivistas. Apresenta-se, por fim, uma perspectiva metodológica para análise de políticas sociais com base na ponderação de cenários com indicadores predominantemente qualitativos.
Difference in Medication Adherence Between Patients Prescribed a 30‐Day Versus 90‐Day Supply After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Fonseca Eileen , Bhandary Durgesh D. , Kumar Deepa , Khan Naeem D. , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: December 2020

Background

Evidence‐based medication adherence rates after a myocardial infarction are low. We hypothesized that 90‐day prescriptions are underused and may lead to higher evidence‐based medication adherence compared with 30‐day fills.

Methods and Results

We examined patients with myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between 2011 and 2015 in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Linking to Symphony Health pharmacy data, we described the prevalence of patients filling 30‐day versus 90‐day prescriptions of statins, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and P2Y
12
inhibitors after discharge. We compared 12‐month medication adherence rates by evidence‐based medication class and prescription days' supply and rates of medication switches and dosing changes. Among 353 259 patients with myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, 90‐day evidence‐based medication fill rates were low: 13.0% (statins), 12.3% (β‐blockers), 14.6% (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers), and 9.7% (P2Y
12
inhibitors). Patients filling 90‐day prescriptions were more likely older (median 69 versus 62 years) with a history of prior myocardial infarction (25.0% versus 17.9%) or percutaneous coronary intervention (30.3% versus 19.5%;
P
<0.01 for all) than patients filling 30‐day prescriptions. The 12‐month adherence rates were higher for patients who filled 90‐day versus 30‐day supplies: statins, 83.1% versus 75.3%; β‐blockers, 72.7% versus 62.9%; angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, 71.1% versus 60.9%; and P2Y
12
inhibitors, 78.5% versus 66.6% (
P
<0.01 for all). Medication switches and dosing changes within 12 months were infrequent for patients filling 30‐day prescriptions—14.7% and 0.3% for 30‐day P2Y
12
inhibitor fills versus 6.3% and 0.2% for 90‐day fills, respectively.

Conclusions

Patients who filled 90‐day prescriptions had higher adherence and infrequent medication changes within 1 year after discharge. Ninety‐day prescription strategies should be encouraged to improve post–myocardial infarction medication adherence.
Sharing Seeing
Authors: Baker George
Published: December 2020

In 2007, artist Sharon Lockhart made a large-scale photograph of two young girls reading braille, based on a specific photograph by August Sander from the 1930s made in an institute for blind children. Turning to the widespread iconography of blindness in the history of photography, this essay considers the importance of such images for a larger theory of photographic spectatorship. Lockhart's image of blind children relates to Sander's photograph, but does not duplicate it in all respects; her alteration of the historical image opens onto the larger non-coincidence of vision that photographic seeing instantiates. Ultimately, Lockhart's relational practice of photography-connecting each photograph she makes to prior images, while never fully duplicating or replicating them-provides a model for understanding the relational dynamics of photographic spectatorship. The essay also discusses Paul Strand, Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida, Kaja Silverman's World Spectators, “straight photography,” and Michael Fried.
Simultaneous Determination of 5 Active Components of Periploca forrestii Schltr Extract in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Normal and Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Model Rats
Authors: Liu Hui , Chen Hao , Qin Xiaoli , Ma Xue , Gong Zipeng , Li Yueting , Chen Siying , Pan Jie , Wang Aimin , Zheng Lin , Huang Yong
Published: December 2020

Periploca forrestii Schltr ( P. forrestii) is a herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of the 5 active components of this plant: neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, and periplocin between normal rats and adjuvant-induced arthritis model rats. After the intravenous administration (177.78 mg/kg) of P. forrestii extract, samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with normal rats, the area under the curve [(AUC)(0-t), AUC(0-∞)], mean residence time [(MRT)(0-t), MRT(0-∞)] of neochlorogenic acid-treated rats decreased significantly, and drug clearance (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (V) increased significantly; the V of chlorogenic acid-treated rats decreased significantly, and MRT(0-t) significantly increased; the AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) of cryptochlorogenic acid-treated rats decreased significantly, and CL and V increased significantly; the AUC(0-t) and MRT(0-t) of isochlorogenic acid C-treated rats decreased significantly, and V increased significantly; the AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) of periplocin-treated rats increased significantly, and MRT(0-t), MRT(0-∞), CL, and V decreased significantly in model rats. The disease condition of rheumatoid arthritis in rats had a significant effect on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of P. forrestii after the intravenous administration.
Sub-prime Crisis or COVID-19: A Comparative Analysis of Volatility in Indian Banking Sectoral Indices
Authors: Bhatia Parul , Gupta Priya
Published: December 2020

Stock market volatility may be a function of company, industry, or world over information made public. The present study has investigated the volatility of Indian banking sectoral indices with the general banking index for two shocking events: the Sub-prime crisis and COVID-19. A comparative analysis of both the shocks leading to these indices’ volatility has been conducted using symmetric and asymmetric models. This study’s findings show that these indices’ volatile behaviour has been strong enough to persist in the market with the leverage effect present during the sub-prime crisis. This effect disappeared for Nifty Bank Indices and Private Sector Bank Indices as compared to Public Sector Undertaking Bank Indices during COVID-19 (probably because the pandemic is not over yet). With GARCH and EGARCH models, the study suggests that the investors may use the diversification approach, in the long run, to safeguard their portfolio values to survive from global shocks.
Micro-texturing on flat and cylindrical surfaces using electric discharge micromachining
Authors: Singh Mahavir , Jain V. K. , Ramkumar J.
Published: December 2020

The present work discusses micro-texturing on flat and cylindrical surfaces using the electric-discharge micromachining (EDMM) process. The arrays of micro-dimples are generated on flat Ti-6Al-4V surfaces using a block–electric discharge grinding (block-EDG)–fabricated microtools of an average diameter of 148 µm and 105 µm. Large-area surface texturing on flat Ti-6Al-4V and aluminium surfaces are performed to analyse the variation in water contact angle with varying depths of dimples. Adopting the electric discharge–milling (ED-milling) strategy, micro-pillars of dimensions 242 µm × 166 µm × 50 µm are machined on flat Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The EDMM process for non-flat surfaces, such as curved (internal and external), spherical and freeform surfaces, is receiving attention in various applications. Machining of the aforementioned surfaces using the EDMM process appears to be problematic, due to the continuous change in curvature, which results in the subsequent spark gap variation. In the present work, processing of cylindrical surfaces for micro-features generation, such as micro-dimple arrays, has been attempted. Arrays of micro-dimples are machined on copper and Ti-6Al-4V cylindrical surfaces. A precise indexing setup is fabricated to hold and index the workpiece at the desired angular positions. Unlike machining on flat surfaces, the relative dimensions of the tool and the workpiece’s curvature result in non-uniform wear at the tool’s end cross-section. Owing to this non-uniform wear of tool electrode caused by the curvature effect of the workpiece, the formation of a microscopic bump/spike is observed on the dimple’s bottom. The depth of the dimple up to which the entire bottom surface of the tool is not exposed to the sparks is defined as its critical depth. For a combination of a tool and a workpiece of diameters 500 µm and 5 mm, respectively, the critical depth of the dimple is found to be 12.53 µm. However, the critical depth increases with a decrease in workpiece diameter, provided the diameter of the tool is constant.
Genomic heterogeneity in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia and its clinical implication
Authors: Jahn Nikolaus , Terzer Tobias , Sträng Eric , Dolnik Anna , Cocciardi Sibylle , Panina Ekaterina , Corbacioglu Andrea , Herzig Julia , Weber Daniela , Schrade Anika , Götze Katharina , Schröder Thomas , Lübbert Michael , Wellnitz Dominique , Koller Elisabeth , Schlenk Richard F. , Gaidzik Verena I. , Paschka Peter , Rücker Frank G. , Heuser Michael , Thol Felicitas , Ganser Arnold , Benner Axel , Döhner Hartmut , Bullinger Lars , Döhner Konstanze
Published: December 2020

Core-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompasses AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) and AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1). Despite sharing a common pathogenic mechanism involving rearrangements of the CBF transcriptional complex, there is growing evidence for considerable genotypic heterogeneity. We comprehensively characterized the mutational landscape of 350 adult CBF-AML [inv(16): n = 160, t(8;21): n = 190] performing targeted sequencing of 230 myeloid cancer-associated genes. Apart from common mutations in signaling genes, mainly NRAS, KIT, and FLT3, both CBF-AML entities demonstrated a remarkably diverse pattern with respect to the underlying cooperating molecular events, in particular in genes encoding for epigenetic modifiers and the cohesin complex. In addition, recurrent mutations in novel collaborating candidate genes such as SRCAP (5% overall) and DNM2 (6% of t(8;21) AML) were identified. Moreover, aberrations altering transcription and differentiation occurred at earlier leukemic stages and preceded mutations impairing proliferation. Lasso-penalized models revealed an inferior prognosis for t(8;21) AML, trisomy 8, as well as FLT3 and KIT exon 17 mutations, whereas NRAS and WT1 mutations conferred superior prognosis. Interestingly, clonal heterogeneity was associated with a favorable prognosis. When entering mutations by functional groups in the model, mutations in genes of the methylation group (ie, DNMT3A, TET2) had a strong negative prognostic impact.
Erythrocytosis in the general population: clinical characteristics and association with clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Wouters Hanneke J. C. M. , Mulder René , van Zeventer Isabelle A. , Schuringa Jan Jacob , van der Klauw Melanie M. , van der Harst Pim , Diepstra Arjan , Mulder André B. , Huls Gerwin
Published: December 2020

Erythrocytosis is a common reason for referral to hematology services and is usually secondary in origin. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in individuals with erythrocytosis in the population-based Lifelines cohort (n = 147 167). Erythrocytosis was defined using strict (World Health Organization [WHO] 2008/British Committee for Standards in Hematology) and wide (WHO 2016) criteria. Individuals with erythrocytosis (strict criteria) and concurrent leukocytosis and/or thrombocytosis were 1:2 matched with individuals with isolated erythrocytosis and analyzed for somatic mutations indicative of CH (≥5% variant allele frequency). One hundred eighty five males (0.3%) and 223 females (0.3%) met the strict criteria, whereas 4868 males (7.6%) and 309 females (0.4%) met the wide criteria. Erythrocytosis, only when defined using strict criteria, was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.6), cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.6), and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6), independent of conventional risk factors. Mutations were detected in 51 of 133 (38%) evaluable individuals, with comparable frequencies between individuals with and without concurrent cytosis. The JAK2 V617F mutation was observed in 7 of 133 (5.3%) individuals, all having concurrent cytosis. The prevalence of mutations in BCOR/BCORL1 (16%) was high, suggesting aberrant epigenetic regulation. Erythrocytosis with CH was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 1.2-68.4) in a multivariable model. Our data indicate that only when defined using strict criteria erythrocytosis is associated with cardiovascular morbidity (especially in the presence of CH), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.
Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus
Authors: Tu Peng , Tian Rong , Lu Yan , Zhang Yunyi , Zhu Haiyan , Ling Lijun , Li Hong , Chen Daofeng
Published: December 2020

Background

Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice.

Method

The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA.

Result

INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a primary care intervention to Reverse Frailty and Enhance Resilience through Exercise and dietary protein Education (REFEREE) in community-dwelling adults aged 65 and over
Authors: Travers John , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Power Dermot , Doran Peter , Langan John , MacNamara Fergal , McCormack Darren , McDermott Christopher , McEntire Jude , McKiernan Joanne , Vencken Sebastian , Murphy Andrew W. , Murphy Patrick J. , Ní Shé Éidin , O'Shea Diarmuid , Cooney Marie-Therese
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Resistance exercises and dietary protein have been shown to reverse frailty, yet they are not commonly offered in clinical practice. We aim to measure changes in health outcomes, including physical frailty status (SHARE-FI), clinical frailty status (CFS) and muscle mass, as a result of an optimised exercise and dietary intervention versus usual care in a primary care (PC) setting. The intervention has been derived from our systematic review and meta-analysis findings and optimised through patient and public involvement and multidisciplinary team input.

Methods: This study is a multicentre randomised controlled parallel arm trial with a three month follow up. 210 eligible people aged 65 and over, no more than mildly frail, will be recruited in seven PC practices in Ireland and randomly assigned to ‘intervention’ or ‘usual care’. Intervention participants will be provided a leaflet with strength exercises, protein dietary guidance and educational discussion. Baseline measurements will include demographics, health indicators, comorbidities, malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), frailty status (SHARE-FI, CFS) and muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance). Primary outcome will be frailty status measured by SHARE-FI at three months. Secondary outcomes include CFS, muscle mass, in-patient hospitalisation, long term care admission, and subjective ease of intervention and difference to general health. Statistical analysis will be undertaken by an independent statistician.

Discussion: The diversity of tested frailty interventions and lack of clear guidance may contribute to low implementation rates. The REFEREE trial focusses on an optimised intervention for a syndrome that poses growing individual and societal challenges. It is hoped results can encourage mainstream adoption of interventions to reverse clinical frailty and build resilience in primary care.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04628754; registered on 13 November 2020.
A cross sectional hospital-based study of intimate partner violence and psychiatric comorbidity in pregnancy
Authors: Iyengar Rupa , Bondade Swapna , Raj Raghul
Published: December 2020

Aim of the study

To assess Intimate partner violence and psychiatric co-morbidities in pregnant women.

Subject or material and methods

Hundred and twenty consecutive patients who were pregnant attending the Ante natal clinic between 18-45 years were included in study. They were administered a semi structured proforma to collect socio demographic details, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) was assessed by WHO violence against women instrument. Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 criteria (DSM-5), anxiety was assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A), depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).

Results

About 15% of the patients had psychiatric comorbidities and 35% of the patients had history of intimate partner violence. Eighteen (42.85%) of the 42 had psychological violence and 24(57.15%) had physical sexual violence. When we compared the females, who did not have IPV (group 1) and who had IPV (group 2)- suicidal ideas, MTPs more than one, stress, depressive disorder and anxiety disorder was more in group 2 and this difference was statistically significant. Substance abuse was observed more in group 2 spouses than group 1 spouses and was statistically significant.

Discussion

IPV and psychiatric morbidity has been observed significantly during pregnancy and antenatal care presents a unique opportunity in which health care providers can foster trusting relationships with pregnant women, thereby increasing the likelihood of IPV detection and mitigating its related negative consequences to both mother and child.

Conclusions

A significant number of pregnant women reported IPV. This emphasizes the importance of screening for IPV in these women.
Psychological Аspects of Jealousy
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Makarov Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The article considers the meaning and psychological features of jealousy. Despite the widespread use of this phenomenon, in psychology there is no unambiguous understanding of the existing nature of jealousy. Listed are different views on jealousy and its manifestations in psychological science. Different means of treating jealousy at different stages of psychotherapy are analyzed. Possible options are offered in psychotherapeutic assistance to spouses of different ages in overcoming inadequate jealousy in relationships.
Perception of the Image of Their Body by Young Girls with Different Types of Eating Behavior
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pashko Tetiana
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical study of the peculiarities of the perceptions of the image of their own body by young girls with different types of eating behavior. A meaningful analysis of the concept of "body image", "body diagram", identified factors that determine the formation of these phenomena of human corporeality. The concepts of eating behavior, types of eating behavior and the relationship between the phenomena of corporeality and eating behavior of the individual are defined. The age-related, personal and social determinants of the formation of eating behavior and the factors of its disorders are described. The results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of the perception of own body image in girls with different types of eating behavior and the level of alexethymia are presented.
Ways to Improve the Content in the Context of Linguistic and Methodological Competence Development in Future Foreign Language Teachers
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Koknova Tetiana
Published: December 2020

The problem of the content of linguistic-and-methodological training is vital in the context of a competence-based approach. The purpose of the given study is to test the ways of effective linguistic-and-methodological competence development in the course of professional training of prospective foreign language teachers at content level. The methods of research involve theoretical methods of pedagogical research (analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization) as well as practical methods, such as diagnostics: interviews (oral interviews, conversations), questionnaires and testing. The article presents the definition of linguistic and methodological competence, traces its connection with the competence-based approach in education. Three structural components of linguistic and methodological competence (linguistic-subject, didactic-methodical and scientific-research) are distinguished, and the competencies that are a part of each of them are given. A detailed analysis of the content of academic disciplines is presented, and the disciplines that promote the development of linguistic and methodological competence of prospective foreign language teachers, both from the cycle of humanities and general training, are singled out. The main ways of improvement and enrichment of the content of disciplines from the cycle of humanities Master’s program focused on the development of linguistic and methodological competence (due to the topics of specific disciplines or additionally introduced special courses) are outlined.
Synaptic polarity and sign-balance prediction using gene expression data in the Caenorhabditis elegans chemical synapse neuronal connectome network
Authors: Fenyves Bánk G. , Szilágyi Gábor S. , Vassy Zsolt , Sőti Csaba , Csermely Peter
Published: December 2020

Graph theoretical analyses of nervous systems usually omit the aspect of connection polarity, due to data insufficiency. The chemical synapse network of Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-reconstructed directed network, but the signs of its connections are yet to be elucidated. Here, we present the gene expression-based sign prediction of the ionotropic chemical synapse connectome of C. elegans (3,638 connections and 20,589 synapses total), incorporating available presynaptic neurotransmitter and postsynaptic receptor gene expression data for three major neurotransmitter systems. We made predictions for more than two-thirds of these chemical synapses and observed an excitatory-inhibitory (E:I) ratio close to 4:1 which was found similar to that observed in many real-world networks. Our open source tool (http://EleganSign.linkgroup.hu) is simple but efficient in predicting polarities by integrating neuronal connectome and gene expression data.
Estimating individuals’ genetic and non-genetic effects underlying infectious disease transmission from temporal epidemic data
Authors: Pooley Christopher M. , Marion Glenn , Bishop Stephen C. , Bailey Richard I. , Doeschl-Wilson Andrea B.
Published: December 2020

Individuals differ widely in their contribution to the spread of infection within and across populations. Three key epidemiological host traits affect infectious disease spread: susceptibility (propensity to acquire infection), infectivity (propensity to transmit infection to others) and recoverability (propensity to recover quickly). Interventions aiming to reduce disease spread may target improvement in any one of these traits, but the necessary statistical methods for obtaining risk estimates are lacking. In this paper we introduce a novel software tool called SIRE (standing for “Susceptibility, Infectivity and Recoverability Estimation”), which allows for the first time simultaneous estimation of the genetic effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as well as non-genetic influences on these three unobservable host traits. SIRE implements a flexible Bayesian algorithm which accommodates a wide range of disease surveillance data comprising any combination of recorded individual infection and/or recovery times, or disease diagnostic test results. Different genetic and non-genetic regulations and data scenarios (representing realistic recording schemes) were simulated to validate SIRE and to assess their impact on the precision, accuracy and bias of parameter estimates. This analysis revealed that with few exceptions, SIRE provides unbiased, accurate parameter estimates associated with all three host traits. For most scenarios, SNP effects associated with recoverability can be estimated with highest precision, followed by susceptibility. For infectivity, many epidemics with few individuals give substantially more statistical power to identify SNP effects than the reverse. Importantly, precise estimates of SNP and other effects could be obtained even in the case of incomplete, censored and relatively infrequent measurements of individuals’ infection or survival status, albeit requiring more individuals to yield equivalent precision. SIRE represents a new tool for analysing a wide range of experimental and field disease data with the aim of discovering and validating SNPs and other factors controlling infectious disease transmission.
CD8low T cells expanded following acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection and benznidazole treatment are a relevant subset of IFN-γ producers
Authors: Marins-Dos-Santos Alessandro , Olivieri Bianca Perdigão , Ferreira-Reis Rafaella , de Meis Juliana , Silva Andrea Alice , de Araújo-Jorge Tania C. , Lannes-Vieira Joseli , Cotta-de-Almeida Vinicius
Published: December 2020

CD8 T cells are regarded as pivotal players in both immunoprotection and immunopathology following Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Previously, we demonstrated the expansion of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleen of T. cruzi-infected mice under treatment with benznidazole (N-benzyl-2-nitroimidazole acetamide; Bz), a drug available for clinical therapy. This finding underlies the concept that the beneficial effects of Bz on controlling acute T. cruzi infection are related to a synergistic process between intrinsic trypanocidal effect and indirect triggering of the active immune response. In the present study, we particularly investigated the effect of Bz treatment on the CD8+ T cell subset following T. cruzi infection. Herein we demonstrated that, during acute T. cruzi infection, Bz treatment reduces and abbreviates the parasitemia, but maintains elevated expansion of CD8+ T cells. Within this subset, a remarkable group of CD8low cells was found in both Bz-treated and non-treated infected mice. In Bz-treated mice, early pathogen control paralleled the lower frequency of recently activated CD8low cells, as ascertained by CD69 expression. However, the CD8low subset sustains significant levels of CD44highCD62Llow and CD62LlowT-bethigh effector memory T cells, in both Bz-treated and non-treated infected mice. These CD8low cells also comprise the main group of spontaneous interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, following in vitro anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation, CD8+ T cells from Bz-treated T. cruzi-infected mice exhibited higher frequency of IFN-γ+ cells, which bear mostly a CD8low phenotype. Altogether, our results point to the marked presence of CD8low T cells that arise during acute T. cruzi infection, with Bz treatment promoting their significant expansion along with a potential effector program for high IFN-γ production.
Assessment of software methods for estimating protein-protein relative binding affinities
Authors: Gonzalez Tawny R. , Martin Kyle P. , Barnes Jonathan E. , Patel Jagdish Suresh , Ytreberg F. Marty
Published: December 2020

A growing number of computational tools have been developed to accurately and rapidly predict the impact of amino acid mutations on protein-protein relative binding affinities. Such tools have many applications, for example, designing new drugs and studying evolutionary mechanisms. In the search for accuracy, many of these methods employ expensive yet rigorous molecular dynamics simulations. By contrast, non-rigorous methods use less exhaustive statistical mechanics, allowing for more efficient calculations. However, it is unclear if such methods retain enough accuracy to replace rigorous methods in binding affinity calculations. This trade-off between accuracy and computational expense makes it difficult to determine the best method for a particular system or study. Here, eight non-rigorous computational methods were assessed using eight antibody-antigen and eight non-antibody-antigen complexes for their ability to accurately predict relative binding affinities (ΔΔG) for 654 single mutations. In addition to assessing accuracy, we analyzed the CPU cost and performance for each method using a variety of physico-chemical structural features. This allowed us to posit scenarios in which each method may be best utilized. Most methods performed worse when applied to antibody-antigen complexes compared to non-antibody-antigen complexes. Rosetta-based JayZ and EasyE methods classified mutations as destabilizing (ΔΔG< -0.5 kcal/mol) with high (83–98%) accuracy and a relatively low computational cost for non-antibody-antigen complexes. Some of the most accurate results for antibody-antigen systems came from combining molecular dynamics with FoldX with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.46, but this was also the most computationally expensive method. Overall, our results suggest these methods can be used to quickly and accurately predict stabilizing versus destabilizing mutations but are less accurate at predicting actual binding affinities. This study highlights the need for continued development of reliable, accessible, and reproducible methods for predicting binding affinities in antibody-antigen proteins and provides a recipe for using current methods.
Salinomycin inhibits proliferative vitreoretinopathy formation in a mouse model
Authors: Heffer Alison M. , Wang Victor , Libby Richard T. , Feldon Steven E. , Woeller Collynn F. , Kuriyan Ajay E.
Published: December 2020

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a progressive disease that develops in a subset of patients who undergo surgery for retinal detachment repair, and results in significant vision loss. PVR is characterized by the migration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells into the vitreous cavity, where they undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and form contractile membranes within the vitreous and along the retina, resulting in recurrent retinal detachments. Currently, surgical intervention is the only treatment for PVR and there are no pharmacological agents that effectively inhibit or prevent PVR formation. Here, we show that a single intravitreal injection of the polyether ionophore salinomycin (SNC) effectively inhibits the formation of PVR in a mouse model with no evidence of retinal toxicity. After 4 weeks, fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated development of mean PVR grade of 3.5 (SD: 1.3) in mouse eyes injected with RPE cells/DMSO (vehicle), compared to mean PVR grade of 1.6 (SD: 1.3) in eyes injected with RPE cells/SNC (p = 0.001). Additionally, immunohistochemistry analysis showed RPE cells/SNC treatment reduced both fibrotic (αSMA, FN1, Vim) and inflammatory (GFAP, CD3, CD20) markers compared to control RPE cells/DMSO treatment. Finally, qPCR analysis confirmed that Tgfβ, Tnfα, Mcp1 (inflammatory/cytokine markers), and Fn1, Col1a1 and Acta2 (fibrotic markers) were significantly attenuated in the RPE cells/SNC group compared to RPE/DMSO control. These results suggest that SNC is a potential pharmacologic agent for the prevention of PVR in humans and warrants further investigation.
The genotype distribution, infection stage and drug resistance mutation profile of human immunodeficiency virus-1 among the infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers, 2014–2017
Authors: Liang Shan , Liu Zhiyang , Wang Shaoli , Liu Jing , Shi Ling , Mao Wei , Liu Cunxu , Wan Jianhua , Zhu Lili , Huang Mei , Liu Yu , Wang Jingxing , Ness Paul , Shan Hua , Zeng Peibin , He Miao
Published: December 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) exhibits high diversity and complexity in China, challenging the disease surveillance and antiretroviral therapy. Between July 1, 2014 and January 30, 2017, we investigated the profiles of HIV-1 infection stages, genotype distribution and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using plasma samples from HIV Western blot (WB) confirmed blood donors from five Chinese blood centers (Chongqing, Guangxi, Luoyang, Mianyang, and Urumqi). HIV pol regions consisted of whole protease and partial reverse transcriptase were genotyped and analyzed for DRMs. Lag-Avidity testing was performed to identify the infection stages. Of the 356 HIV-1 WB positive samples tested by Lag-avidity assay, 19.1% (68/356) were recent infections. Genotyping on 356 amplified sequences presented the subtype distributions as following: CRF07_BC (65.7%), CRF08_BC (7.3%), CRF01_AE (19.1%), B (4.2%), CRF55_01B (3.1%), CRF59_01B (0.3%) and CRF68_01B (0.3%). No significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between recent and long-term infections. 48 DRMs were identified from 43 samples, indicating a drug resistance prevalence of 12.1% (43/356), which include seven protease inhibitors (PIs) accessory DRMs (Q58E, L23I and I84M), two PIs major DRMs (M46I, M46L), seven nucleoside RT inhibitors DRMs (D67N, K70Q, K219R and M184L), and 32 non-nucleoside RT inhibitors DRMs (K103N, V179E, K238N, V179D, E138G, G190E, A98G, Y188D and E138A). In addition, we had also identified CRFs from the 01B subtype including CRF55_01B (3.1%), CRF59_01B (0.3%) and CRF68_01B (0.3%). As an important part of the continuous monitoring of HIV-1 circulating strains among blood donors, our findings were expected to contribute to the comprehensive AIDS control and development of proper diagnostics for HIV-1 in China.
Evaluation of pool-based testing approaches to enable population-wide screening for COVID-19
Authors: de Wolff Timo , Pflüger Dirk , Rehme Michael , Heuer Janin , Bittner Martin-Immanuel
Published: December 2020

Objective

Rapid testing is paramount during a pandemic to prevent continued viral spread and excess morbidity and mortality. This study investigates whether testing strategies based on sample pooling can increase the speed and throughput of screening for SARS-CoV-2, especially in resource-limited settings.

Methods

In a mathematical modelling approach conducted in May 2020, six different testing strategies were simulated based on key input parameters such as infection rate, test characteristics, population size, and testing capacity. The situations in five countries were simulated, reflecting a broad variety of population sizes and testing capacities. The primary study outcome measurements were time and number of tests required, number of cases identified, and number of false positives.

Findings

The performance of all tested methods depends on the input parameters, i.e. the specific circumstances of a screening campaign. To screen one tenth of each country’s population at an infection rate of 1%, realistic optimised testing strategies enable such a campaign to be completed in ca. 29 days in the US, 71 in the UK, 25 in Singapore, 17 in Italy, and 10 in Germany. This is ca. eight times faster compared to individual testing. When infection rates are lower, or when employing an optimal, yet more complex pooling method, the gains are more pronounced. Pool-based approaches also reduce the number of false positive diagnoses by a factor of up to 100.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide a rationale for adoption of pool-based testing strategies to increase speed and throughput of testing for SARS-CoV-2, hence saving time and resources compared with individual testing.
Nuclear targeted Saccharomyces cerevisiae asparagine synthetases associate with the mitotic spindle regardless of their enzymatic activity
Authors: Noree Chalongrat , Sirinonthanawech Naraporn
Published: December 2020

Recently, human asparagine synthetase has been found to be associated with the mitotic spindle. However, this event cannot be seen in yeast because yeast takes a different cell division process via closed mitosis (there is no nuclear envelope breakdown to allow the association between any cytosolic enzyme and mitotic spindle). To find out if yeast asparagine synthetase can also (but hiddenly) have this feature, the coding sequences of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and nuclear localization signal (NLS) were introduced downstream ofASN1andASN2, encoding asparagine synthetases Asn1p and Asn2p, respectively, in the yeast genome havingmCherrrycoding sequence downstream ofTUB1encoding alpha-tubulin, a building block of the mitotic spindle. The genomically engineered yeast strains showed co-localization of Asn1p-GFP-NLS (or Asn2p-GFP-NLS) and Tub1p-mCherry in dividing nuclei. In addition, an activity-disrupted mutation was introduced toASN1(orASN2). The yeast mutants still exhibited co-localization between defective asparagine synthetase and mitotic spindle, indicating that the biochemical activity of asparagine synthetase is not required for its association with the mitotic spindle. Furthermore, nocodazole treatment was used to depolymerize the mitotic spindle, resulting in lack of association between the enzyme and the mitotic spindle. Although yeast cell division undergoes closed mitosis, preventing the association of its asparagine synthetase with the mitotic spindle, however, by using yeast constructs with re-localized Asn1/2p have suggested the moonlighting role of asparagine synthetase in cell division of higher eukaryotes.