bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycerol-Assisted Hydrolysis Synthesis of BiOCl and Excellent Visible- Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Mao Xiaoming , Li Min , Jin Yongsheng
Published: December 2016

Visible-light-driven bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) was successfully synthesized by a facile and environmentally friendly glycerol-assisted hydrolysis method at low temperature. The as-prepared BiOCl was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that glycerol played a key role in the formation of BiOCl and the possible growth mechanism was also proposed. The characterization results showed that BiOCl had a tetragonal crystal structure, surface area of 35.30 m
Fenton-like Degradation of Reactive Dyes Catalyzed by Biogenic Jarosite
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Xiao Dongxue , Liu Renlan , Guo Yaoguang , Liu Jianshe
Published: December 2016

A kind of Fe mineral-biogenic jarosite was prepared by biooxidation of Fe
Electrolytic Treatment of Trace Natural and Synthetic Estrogens
Authors: Cong Vo Huu , Sakakibara Yutaka
Published: December 2016

Electrochemical removals of natural and synthetic estrogens, Estrone (E1), 17β-Estradiol (E2) and Ethynylestradiol (EE2), were experimentally studied using granular electrolytic reactor in combination with a cyclic voltammetric technique. Experimental results showed that by an application of electric current, the estrogens were oxidized at 600-800 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) on the surface of anode and then removed through polymerization of estrogens. Moreover, the electrochemical removal of the estrogens could be reasonably well simulated by a mathematical model developed assuming the external liquid-film mass transfer as a rate-limiting step. Furthermore, it was found that E1 was produced and then removed during the treatment of E2. Further study will be needed to quantify and control the electro-polymerization of estrogens.
Degradation of the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous Solutions with UV/H2O2: Optimization and Effect of Interfering Anions
Authors: Oliveira André Gadelha de , Ribeiro Jefferson Pereira , Oliveira Juliene Tome de , Keukeleire Denis De , Duarte Maíra Saldanha , Nascimento Ronaldo Ferreira do
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the use of an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for removal of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in a recirculated system, especially considering the effects of temperature, hydrogen peroxide dosage, pH, pesticide concentration and added inorganic anions. The results indicate that a temperature of 45 °C gave the best performance using only UV-radiation, while for the UV/H
Progresses of Fundamental Research and Application of Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge
Authors: Osawa Naoki , Yoshioka Yoshio
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we describe (1) the electrons attachment properties of alumina barriers which generate our Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge (APTD), (2) unstable phenomena of our APTD, and (3) application to nitrogen oxides less (NOx-less) ozone generator. The important results that we have obtained are; (1) the alumina barrier which generates stable APTD in air can easily accumulate electrons on the barrier surface, and the accumulated electrons on the barrier surface remains there for a considerable time. (2) Regarding the instability of our APTD in humid air, the existence of water vapor is not a decisive factor, but the concentration of positive ions like H
Enhanced Solar Light Photoelectrocatalytic Activity in Water by Anatase-to-rutile TiO2 Transformation
Authors: Bennani Yasmina , El-Kalliny Amer S. , Appel Peter W. , Rietveld Luuk C.
Published: December 2016

TiO
Non-thermal Plasma Degradation of Anthraquinonic Dye in Water: Oxidation Pathways and Effect of Natural Matrices
Authors: Ghodbane Houria , Nikiforov Anton Yu. , Hamdaoui Oualid , Surmont Pieter , Lynen Frederic , Willems Gert , Leys Christophe
Published: December 2016

Non-thermal plasma treatment by an electrical discharge generated above water was applied to study the destruction of anthraquinonic dye Acid Blue 25 in aqueous solutions. The direct current glow discharge above water sustaining in ambient air was used as a source of non-equilibrium plasma. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, discharge current, pH and addition of salts on the substrate degradation was investigated. The highest G
A Density Functional Theory Study on the Ozone Oxidation of Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Authors: Won Jung Sik , Kaewsuk Jutamas , Jo Jun Ho , Lim Dong-Hee , Seo Gyu Tae
Published: December 2016

The electronic structures of sulfonamide antibiotics (the ground state and the lowest singlet excited-state geometries) have been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Experimental studies on the removal of sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole and sulfamethoxazole by ozone have also been conducted by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS). The calculated ground and excited state geometries exhibited low energy of the inter-ring bonds, which suggests the weakest bonds that can be broken during the ozone oxidation process. The orbital energy calculations (HOMO-LUMO and its energy gap) demonstrate that the smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap, the higher reactivity toward ozone oxidation. Additionally, the current study suggests potential products of the three pharmaceutical compounds based on their electronic properties, which may help better understand the unknown reaction pathways of the pharmaceutical compounds.
Feasibility of Tetracycline Wastewater Degradation by enhanced Sonolysis
Authors: Wang Chikang , Jian Jhongjheng
Published: December 2016

The degradation and detoxicity of tetracycline antibiotics were investigated in this study using enhanced sonolysis coupled with ultrasound, transition metals and oxidizing agents. The effects of oxidising agents, transition metals and their concentrations on tetracycline degradation were examined. An initial tetracycline concentration of 50 mg L
A Trickle Bed Electrochemical Reactor for Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Degradation of an Azo Dye in Water
Authors: Lei Yangming , Liu Hong , Jiang Chengchun , Shen Zhemin , Wang Wenhua
Published: December 2016

A trickle bed electrochemical reactor was used to generate hydrogen peroxide in dilute electrolyte and then degrade an azo dye, i.e. reactive brilliant red X-3B in water by electro-Fenton process. The trickle bed reactor was composed of carbon black-polytetrafluoroethylene coated graphite chips. During the preparation of coated graphite chips, coating times and surfactant dosage were optimized to improve electro-generation of H
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Over Y3+ Doped TiO2 Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Han Bing , Dong Qi , Chen Jie , Feng Wei , Liu Suling , Wang He-li
Published: December 2016

Y
Characterization and Photocatalytic Evaluation (UV-Visible) of Fe-doped TiO2 Systems Calcined at Different Temperatures
Authors: Vargas Ximena María , Marin Juan Miguel , Restrepo Gloria
Published: December 2016

There is growing interest in obtaining compounds with photocatalytic activity in the solar spectrum, and this has led to intense research on the topic. In our laboratory, Fe-doped TiO
Simultaneous Removal of Toxic Cyanide and Cu(II) Ions from Wastewater by a Bi-functional Raspberry-like TiO2@yeast Microspheres
Authors: Li Hong-Ying , Bai Bo , Jing Deng-Wei , Ding Chen-Xu , Wang Hong-Lun , Suo You-Rui
Published: December 2016

A novel strategy for simultaneous removal of cyanide anions and copper cations was proposed. Firstly, TiO
Synthesis of Strontium Titanate Microtubule and Their Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Furfural in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wang Biao , Zhang Lu Y. , Wang Min
Published: December 2016

Strontium titanate microtubules have successfully been prepared using natural fibers of cotton as bio-templates, the cotton fibers are infiltrated with strontium titanate sol and subsequently sintered in air at high temperatures to produce the final strontium titanate microtubules. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of furfural in an aqueous solution was investigated. The results show that the synthesized strontium titanates are in the shape of broken microtubules. The photocatalytic capacity of synthetic strontium titanate microtubules under the condition of calcination temperature at 1000 °C is the highest. In the medium of pH 5-7, the catalyst loading is 2 g/L, for the initial concentrations of furfural no more than 6 mg/L, in 120min, furfural macromolecules are destroyed completely. The degradation process followed the Langmuir- Hinshelwood first-order reaction kinetic model.
IAEA Initiatives in Advancement of Radiation Technologies for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Sabharwal Sunil , Safrany Agnes , Junior Joao Alberto Osso , Venkatesh Meera
Published: December 2016

A variety of emerging chemicals of concern are discharged into the environment leading to contamination of water resources. These chemicals even at trace levels have the potential to adversely affect the aquatic, animals and human life. Effective and efficient technologies for treatment of such pollutants are therefore needed. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), involving the in situ generation of oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical (•OH), have emerged as an important class of technologies for accelerating destruction of such organic contaminants. These include the use of photons and energetic sub-atomic particles like electrons (high energy radiation) to generate reactive intermediates •OH radicals IAEA has been at the forefront of recognizing the need to develop appropriate technologies to meet the challenges of evolving environmental issues. This paper gives an insight into the current status of the radiation technology with emphasis on IAEA activities, including examples of successes achieved as well as challenges for broader dissemination of radiation processing technology for environmental remediation.
Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 induced by ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Lu Yin-tao , Hou Xiao-li , Cheng Kai-Hao , Feng Wei
Published: December 2016

Visible-light-active photocatalysts TiO
Excellent Regeneration of Inorganic-framework Molecularly Imprinted TiO2 and its Regeneration Mechanism
Authors: Wu Shaolin , Zhang Yan , Li Wentao , Zhou Meixia , Deng Fang , Luo Xubiao
Published: December 2016

Inorganic-framework molecularly imprinted TiO
Enhanced Simulated Sun Light Photocatalytic Activity of α-Fe2O3 Modified g-C3N4 prepared In-situ
Authors: Liu Xinlu , Zhong Junbo , Li Jianzhang , Hu Wei , Wang Qizhao , Wang Guangbin , Song Jiabo , Liu Ke , Huang Ke , Wu Songlin , Yang Ruhao , Li Minjiao
Published: December 2016

In this paper, α-Fe
A Biodegradation Bench Study of Cork Wastewater using Gamma Radiation
Authors: Lima Célia , Madureira Joana , Carolino Maria M. , Noronha João P. , Margaça Fernanda M. A. , Cabo Verde Sandra
Published: December 2016

Wastewater from cork processing industry present high levels of organic compounds such as phenolics that must be degraded before discharge into the municipal sewer or into public water courses. The aim of this work was to find out if gamma radiation treatment could increase the biodegradability of recalcitrant compounds using a microbial consortium and a mixed solution of four phenolic acids as a model. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed in non-irradiated (0 kGy) and irradiated (100 kGy) mixed phenolic acids cultures during incubation time. A preliminary HPLC and GC-MS analysis were performed to detect the major phenolic compounds in cork wastewater samples. Results indicated the presence of gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic and syringic acids in cork boiling water and gallic, protocatechuic and vanillic acids in sediment tank samples. The Total Phenolic content (TP) of mixed phenolic acids cultures during incubation time indicated a decrease of 38% for 100 kGy samples. The HPLC analysis suggested that the radiolytic products of syringic and vanillic acids are protocatechuic and gallic acids. The CFU counts pointed out to a decreasing tendency along the incubation time for phenolic acids cultures (0 kGy and 100 kGy) suggesting a non-degradation trend. The selected microbial consortium was not able to metabolize the phenolic compounds solutions at the used conditions. This could be due to the detected radiolytic degradation dynamics of the phenolic acids considering the antimicrobial activity of these compounds.
Solar Photocatalytic Decolorization and Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Supported TiO2
Authors: Trabelsi Hassen , Atheba Grah Patrick , Hentati Olfa , Mariette Yehe Dezirée , Robert Didier , Drogui Patrick
Published: December 2016

The photocatalytic degradation of Methyl orange has been investigated on dynamic solar pilot plant using nonwoven fibers coated with TiO
Optimization of Removal of 2-methylisoborneol from Drinking Water using UV/H2O2
Authors: Tan Fengxun , Chen Haihan , Wu Daoji , Lu Nan , Gao Zhimin
Published: December 2016

2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a common odor-causing compound in drinking water with a low odor threshold (10 ng/L). Since conventional treatment processes cannot effectively remove it, this study investigated an advanced oxidation technology: UV/H
Comparative Investigation of Simulated Solar-driven Photocatalytic Performance of g-C3N4 Prepared by Different Precursors
Authors: Si Yujun , Zhong Junbo , Li Jianzhang , Liu Xinlu , Liu Xinlu , Hu Wei , Song Jiabo , Zhang Fengjia , Liu Ke , Huang Ke , Wu Songlin , Yang Ruhao , Zeng Tingting , Li Minjiao
Published: December 2016

g-C
The Well Stirred Liquid Phase Photochemical Reactor: Laboratory Tool or Master of Disguises?
Authors: Ollis David
Published: December 2016

Since the early 1980s, liquid phase kinetic studies of homogeneous and heterogeneous photochemistry (especially including photocatalysis), have routinely utilized well stirred laboratory scale photoreactors. Convenient as these reactors are, their operation may be limited by reactant concentration, or by a transport limitation for light flux or dissolved oxygen. Similarly, the mechanistic interpretation of most phootocatalyzed liquid phase data has assumed the validity of Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, whereas recent papers have demonstrated decisively that a pseudo steady state prevails, rather than equilibrium adsorption circumstance. We briefly review these circumstances which have led to kinetic disguises, and offer simple recommendations for future homogeneous and heterogeneous photochemical liquid phase studies which will allow determination of true rate constants and avoid the transport phenomena and mechanistic disguises evident in prior work.
Mono- and Dual-modified Titania with a Ruthenium(II) Complex and Silver Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Zheng Shuaizhi , Wang Kunlei , Wei Zhishun , Yoshiiri Kenta , Braumüller Markus , Rau Sven , Ohtani Bunsho , Kowalska Ewa
Published: December 2016

Ruthenium(II) complex with the phosphonate anchoring groups of [Ru(tbbpy)
A Methodology to Discriminate Between Hydroxyl Radical-induced Processes and Direct Charge-transfer Reactions in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Bertinetti Stefano , Minella Marco , Barsotti Francesco , Maurino Valter , Minero Claudio , Özensoy Emrah , Vione Davide
Published: December 2016

A method to assess the ability of a photocatalyst to induce reactions with free or trapped hydroxyl radicals versus direct charge-transfer processes is here proposed, based on the use of phenol and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) as test substrates. The rationale is that phenol degradation would be preferentially (although not exclusively) induced by hydroxyl radicals, while salicylic acid would mainly undergo direct charge-transfer oxidation. The use of t-butanol as selective ·OH scavenger is helpful to understand how much each substrate is a selective indicator of the intended reaction pathway in the presence of a given semiconductor oxide. Phenol and salicylic acid should be used at low concentration (e.g. 25 μmol L
Sol-gel Preparation and Properties of Bi4Ti3O12 Photocatalyst Supported on Micrometer-sized Quartz Spheres
Authors: Li Li , Ma Zheng , Bi Feifei , Li Hong , Zhang Wenjie , He Hongbo
Published: December 2016

Composite Bi
Catalytic Ozonation of Bisphenol A in Aqueous Medium by Mn-Fe/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Li Guixia , Zhang Zhili , Gao Xiang , Niu Jianrui , Zhao Junna , Li Zaixing
Published: December 2016

γ-Al
Sol-gel Synthesis of La2Ti2O7 Modified with PEG4000 for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Hong , Du Ling , Yang Lili , Zhang Wenjie , He Hongbo
Published: December 2016

A sol-gel method was used to synthesis La
Issues and Perspectives in Bilingual
Phraseography
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Maria Eugênia Olímpio
Published: December 2016

In this article, we consider the problems normally associated with bilingual phraseography and
the paradigm that should be used to guide its development. We first present the fundamental aspects
that should be taken into account in the characterization of bilingual phraseography. Secondly, we give a
general overview of both theoretical and practical bilingual phraseography, paying special attention to the
main problems existing in this area. Thirdly, we consider the factors that can determine the development
of bilingual phraseography, starting from the notion of the “user needs paradigm” and the contributions
from the Function Theory of Lexicography. Finally, we make a brief summary of the main ideas dealt with
in the article.
BM 46550 – a Late Babylonian Mathematical Tablet with Computations of Reciprocal Numbers
Authors: Fincke Jeanette C. , Ossendrijver Mathieu
Published: December 2016

The mathematical tablet BM 46550 offers the first evidence that a method for computing and verifying reciprocal numbers, thus far attested only in the Old Babylonian era, continued to be applied, in a similar manner, in the Neo- or Late Babylonian era. At least part of the tablet was computed on the spot, some of the columns being written from bottom to top. The mathematical tables are accompanied by an unusual drawing, apparently unrelated to the text.
Alt oder spät? (Teil 2)
Authors: Renz Johannes
Published: December 2016

Untersucht wird das Auftreten der Abfolge
Eshem-Bethel and Herem-Bethel: New Evidence from Amherst Papyrus 63
Authors: van der Toorn Karel
Published: December 2016

The pluralism that characterized the religious life of the Jewish community at Elephantine (5
Shamgar ben Anat (Judg 3:31) – a Meaningful Name
Authors: Spronk Klaas
Published: December 2016

The name Shamgar ben Anat (Judg 3:31) can be explained as a reference to him being a foreign hero, comparable to Jael. Within the book of Judges he is the counterpart of Gershom ben Moshe.
A Phonic Explanation for Ḥåkmôt
Authors: Keefer Arthur
Published: December 2016

The unusual word form ḥåkmôt was selected in order to contribute to surrounding sound patterns for each of its occurrences in the Hebrew Bible (Prov 1:20; 9:1; 24:7; Ps 49:4[3]).
Comodulation Enhances Signal Detection via Priming of Auditory Cortical Circuits
Authors: Sollini Joseph , Chadderton Paul
Published: December 2016

Acoustic environments are composed of complex overlapping sounds that the auditory system is required to segregate into discrete perceptual objects. The functions of distinct auditory processing stations in this challenging task are poorly understood. Here we show a direct role for mouse auditory cortex in detection and segregation of acoustic information. We measured the sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons to brief tones embedded in masking noise. By altering spectrotemporal characteristics of the masker, we reveal that sensitivity to pure tone stimuli is strongly enhanced in coherently modulated broadband noise, corresponding to the psychoacoustic phenomenon comodulation masking release. Improvements in detection were largest following priming periods of noise alone, indicating that cortical segregation is enhanced over time. Transient opsin-mediated silencing of auditory cortex during the priming period almost completely abolished these improvements, suggesting that cortical processing may play a direct and significant role in detection of quiet sounds in noisy environments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAuditory systems are adept at detecting and segregating competing sound sources, but there is little direct evidence of how this process occurs in the mammalian auditory pathway. We demonstrate that coherent broadband noise enhances signal representation in auditory cortex, and that prolonged exposure to noise is necessary to produce this enhancement. Using optogenetic perturbation to selectively silence auditory cortex during early noise processing, we show that cortical processing plays a crucial role in the segregation of competing sounds.
Why Does Sleep Slow-Wave Activity Increase After Extended Wake? Assessing the Effects of Increased Cortical Firing During Wake and Sleep
Authors: Rodriguez Alexander V. , Funk Chadd M. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. , Nir Yuval , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara
Published: December 2016

During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, cortical neurons alternate between ON periods of firing and OFF periods of silence. This bi-stability, which is largely synchronous across neurons, is reflected in the EEG as slow waves. Slow-wave activity (SWA) increases with wake duration and declines homeostatically during sleep, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One possibility is neuronal “fatigue”: high, sustained firing in wake would force neurons to recover with more frequent and longer OFF periods during sleep. Another possibility is net synaptic potentiation during wake: stronger coupling among neurons would lead to greater synchrony and therefore higher SWA. Here, we obtained a comparable increase in sustained firing (6 h) in cortex by: (1) keeping mice awake by exposure to novel objects to promote plasticity and (2) optogenetically activating a local population of cortical neurons at wake-like levels during sleep. Sleep after extended wake led to increased SWA, higher synchrony, and more time spent OFF, with a positive correlation between SWA, synchrony, and OFF periods. Moreover, time spent OFF was correlated with cortical firing during prior wake. After local optogenetic stimulation, SWA and cortical synchrony decreased locally, time spent OFF did not change, and local SWA was not correlated with either measure. Moreover, laser-induced cortical firing was not correlated with time spent OFF afterward. Overall, these results suggest that high sustained firing per se may not be the primary determinant of SWA increases observed after extended wake.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA long-standing hypothesis is that neurons fire less during slow-wave sleep to recover from the “fatigue” accrued during wake, when overall synaptic activity is higher than in sleep. This idea, however, has rarely been tested and other factors, namely increased cortical synchrony, could explain why sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) is higher after extended wake. We forced neurons in the mouse cortex to fire at high levels for 6 h in 2 different conditions: during active wake with exploration and during sleep. We find that neurons need more time OFF only after sustained firing in wake, suggesting that fatigue due to sustained firing alone is unlikely to account for the increase in SWA that follows sleep deprivation.
Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase Restores Spontaneous Motor Behavior in the α-Synuclein Virus Vector–Based Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Decreasing α-Synuclein Oligomeric Species in Mouse Brain
Authors: Svarcbahs Reinis , Julku Ulrika H. , Myöhänen Timo T.
Published: December 2016

Decreased clearance of α-synuclein (aSyn) and aSyn protein misfolding and aggregation are seen as major factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies that leads to disruption in neuronal function and eventually to cell death. Prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) can accelerate the aSyn aggregation process, while inhibition of PREP by a small molecule inhibitor decreases aSyn oligomer formation and enhances its clearance via autophagy in different aSyn overexpressing cell types and in transgenic PD animal models. In this study, we investigated the impact of chronic PREP inhibition by a small molecule inhibitor, 4-phenylbutanoyl-l-prolyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine (KYP-2047), on aSyn oligomerization, clearance, and underlying spontaneous motor behavior in a virus vector–based aSyn overexpression mouse model 4 weeks after aSyn microinjections and after the onset of symptomatic forepaw bias. Following 4 weeks of PREP inhibition, we saw an improved spontaneous forelimb use in mice that correlated with a decreased immunoreactivity against oligomer-specific forms of aSyn. Additionally, KYP-2047 had a trend to enhance dopaminergic systems activity. Our results suggest that PREP inhibition exhibits a beneficial effect on the aSyn clearance and aggregation in a virus mediated aSyn overexpression PD mouse model and that PREP inhibitors could be a novel therapeutic strategy for synucleinopathies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlpha-synuclein (aSyn) has been implicated in Parkinson's disease, with aSyn aggregates believed to exert toxic effects on neurons, while prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) has been shown to interact with aSyn both in cells and cell free conditions, thus enhancing its aggregation. We demonstrate the possibility to abolish motor imbalance caused by aSyn viral vector injection with chronic 4 week PREP inhibition by a potent small-molecule PREP inhibitor, 4-phenylbutanoyl-l-prolyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine (KYP-2047). Treatment was initiated postsymptomatically, 4 weeks after aSyn injection. KYP-2047-treated animals had a significantly decreased amount of oligomeric aSyn particles and improved dopamine system activity compared to control animals. To our knowledge, this is the first time viral overexpression of aSyn has been countered and movement impairments abolished after their onset.
End-Stopping Predicts Curvature Tuning along the Ventral Stream
Authors: Ponce Carlos R. , Hartmann Till S. , Livingstone Margaret S.
Published: December 2016

Neurons in primate inferotemporal cortex (IT) are clustered into patches of shared image preferences. Functional imaging has shown that these patches are activated by natural categories (e.g., faces, body parts, and places), artificial categories (numerals, words) and geometric features (curvature and real-world size). These domains develop in the same cortical locations across monkeys and humans, which raises the possibility of common innate mechanisms. Although these commonalities could be high-level template-based categories, it is alternatively possible that the domain locations are constrained by low-level properties such as end-stopping, eccentricity, and the shape of the preferred images. To explore this, we looked for correlations among curvature preference, receptive field (RF) end-stopping, and RF eccentricity in the ventral stream. We recorded from sites in V1, V4, and posterior IT (PIT) from six monkeys using microelectrode arrays. Across all visual areas, we found a tendency for end-stopped sites to prefer curved over straight contours. Further, we found a progression in population curvature preferences along the visual hierarchy, where, on average, V1 sites preferred straight Gabors, V4 sites preferred curved stimuli, and many PIT sites showed a preference for curvature that was concave relative to fixation. Our results provide evidence that high-level functional domains may be mapped according to early rudimentary properties of the visual system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe macaque occipitotemporal cortex contains clusters of neurons with preferences for categories such as faces, body parts, and places. One common question is how these clusters (or “domains”) acquire their cortical position along the ventral stream. We and other investigators previously established an fMRI-level correlation among these category domains, retinotopy, and curvature preferences: for example, in inferotemporal cortex, face- and curvature-preferring domains show a central visual field bias whereas place- and rectilinear-preferring domains show a more peripheral visual field bias. Here, we have found an electrophysiological-level explanation for the correlation among domain preference, curvature, and retinotopy based on neuronal preference for short over long contours, also called end-stopping.
Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function
Authors: Zelano Christina , Jiang Heidi , Zhou Guangyu , Arora Nikita , Schuele Stephan , Rosenow Joshua , Gottfried Jay A.
Published: December 2016

The need to breathe links the mammalian olfactory system inextricably to the respiratory rhythms that draw air through the nose. In rodents and other small animals, slow oscillations of local field potential activity are driven at the rate of breathing (∼2–12 Hz) in olfactory bulb and cortex, and faster oscillatory bursts are coupled to specific phases of the respiratory cycle. These dynamic rhythms are thought to regulate cortical excitability and coordinate network interactions, helping to shape olfactory coding, memory, and behavior. However, while respiratory oscillations are a ubiquitous hallmark of olfactory system function in animals, direct evidence for such patterns is lacking in humans. In this study, we acquired intracranial EEG data from rare patients (Ps) with medically refractory epilepsy, enabling us to test the hypothesis that cortical oscillatory activity would be entrained to the human respiratory cycle, albeit at the much slower rhythm of ∼0.16–0.33 Hz. Our results reveal that natural breathing synchronizes electrical activity in human piriform (olfactory) cortex, as well as in limbic-related brain areas, including amygdala and hippocampus. Notably, oscillatory power peaked during inspiration and dissipated when breathing was diverted from nose to mouth. Parallel behavioral experiments showed that breathing phase enhances fear discrimination and memory retrieval. Our findings provide a unique framework for understanding the pivotal role of nasal breathing in coordinating neuronal oscillations to support stimulus processing and behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimal studies have long shown that olfactory oscillatory activity emerges in line with the natural rhythm of breathing, even in the absence of an odor stimulus. Whether the breathing cycle induces cortical oscillations in the human brain is poorly understood. In this study, we collected intracranial EEG data from rare patients with medically intractable epilepsy, and found evidence for respiratory entrainment of local field potential activity in human piriform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. These effects diminished when breathing was diverted to the mouth, highlighting the importance of nasal airflow for generating respiratory oscillations. Finally, behavioral data in healthy subjects suggest that breathing phase systematically influences cognitive tasks related to amygdala and hippocampal functions.
Gpr126/Adgrg6 Has Schwann Cell Autonomous and Nonautonomous Functions in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair
Authors: Mogha Amit , Harty Breanne L. , Carlin Dan , Joseph Jessica , Sanchez Nicholas E. , Suter Ueli , Piao Xianhua , Cavalli Valeria , Monk Kelly R.
Published: December 2016

Schwann cells (SCs) are essential for proper peripheral nerve development and repair, although the mechanisms regulating these processes are incompletely understood. We previously showed that the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126/Adgrg6 is essential for SC development and myelination. Interestingly, the expression of Gpr126 is maintained in adult SCs, suggestive of a function in the mature nerve. We therefore investigated the role of Gpr126 in nerve repair by studying an inducible SC-specificGpr126knock-out mouse model. Here, we show that remyelination is severely delayed after nerve-crush injury. Moreover, we also observe noncell-autonomous defects in macrophage recruitment and axon regeneration in injured nerves following loss of Gpr126 in SCs. This work demonstrates that Gpr126 has critical SC-autonomous and SC-nonautonomous functions in remyelination and peripheral nerve repair.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLack of robust remyelination represents one of the major barriers to recovery of neurological functions in disease or following injury in many disorders of the nervous system. Here we show that the adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr126/Adgrg6 is required for remyelination, macrophage recruitment, and axon regeneration following nerve injury. At least 30% of all approved drugs target GPCRs; thus, Gpr126 represents an attractive potential target to stimulate repair in myelin disease or following nerve injury.
Predictive Ensemble Decoding of Acoustical Features Explains Context-Dependent Receptive Fields
Authors: Yildiz Izzet B. , Mesgarani Nima , Deneve Sophie
Published: December 2016

A primary goal of auditory neuroscience is to identify the sound features extracted and represented by auditory neurons. Linear encoding models, which describe neural responses as a function of the stimulus, have been primarily used for this purpose. Here, we provide theoretical arguments and experimental evidence in support of an alternative approach, based on decoding the stimulus from the neural response. We used a Bayesian normative approach to predict the responses of neurons detecting relevant auditory features, despite ambiguities and noise. We compared the model predictions to recordings from the primary auditory cortex of ferrets and found that: (1) the decoding filters of auditory neurons resemble the filters learned from the statistics of speech sounds; (2) the decoding model captures the dynamics of responses better than a linear encoding model of similar complexity; and (3) the decoding model accounts for the accuracy with which the stimulus is represented in neural activity, whereas linear encoding model performs very poorly. Most importantly, our model predicts that neuronal responses are fundamentally shaped by “explaining away,” a divisive competition between alternative interpretations of the auditory scene.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural responses in the auditory cortex are dynamic, nonlinear, and hard to predict. Traditionally, encoding models have been used to describe neural responses as a function of the stimulus. However, in addition to external stimulation, neural activity is strongly modulated by the responses of other neurons in the network. We hypothesized that auditory neurons aim to collectively decode their stimulus. In particular, a stimulus feature that is decoded (or explained away) by one neuron is not explained by another. We demonstrated that this novel Bayesian decoding model is better at capturing the dynamic responses of cortical neurons in ferrets. Whereas the linear encoding model poorly reflects selectivity of neurons, the decoding model can account for the strong nonlinearities observed in neural data.
Teori Semiotika Komunikasi Hadis ala Umberto Eco
Authors: Afwadzi Benny
Published: December 2016

This article tries to outline the semiotic theory of communication traditions (hadith). This theory is found when doing integration-author of the study interconnect traditions of the Prophet with the theory of communication semiotics Umberto Eco. Semiotic theory of communication traditions include the nine components in the communication process hadith, that source (the Prophet), message I (editorial authentic Prophet), the transmitter (the narrators of hadith), signal I (various editorial traditions verbally), channel (various books of hadith), signal II (various editorial traditions in writing), receiver (reason riwâyah hadith), message II (single editorial hadith), and destination (reason semiotic). Methods of understanding hadith contained in destination components that implement the method of unlimited semiotics to find the final logical interpreting. One more thing that is important here, that the stored channel noise (interference) communication in the form of transformation from spoken language into written language, which can result in distortion of meaning. 
Kultur Arab dalam Hadis Pemimpin Negara dari Suku Quraysh
Authors: Khoir Moh. Misbakhul
Published: December 2016

This article wants to present a comprehensive discussion of related interventions arabic culture elements which to some extent has influenced the style of thinking and normal life of the Prophet in the hadith leaders expressed in the State of Quraysh. This is given in addition to as an Apostle, Muhammad also serves as head of state, warlords, judges, community leaders, husband and personal. As an Arab man who lives in the community and the arabic culture, the environment and the interaction with the surrounding culture has its own influence on the habits and behavior. Consequently, what comes from the Prophet Muhammad must exist in between which is the culture of Arab societies at the time. Hadith state leaders of Quraysh, for example, is a statement of the Prophet Muhammad based on considerations of arabic culture at that time. Socio-historical, Quraysh is a decent clan inherited the throne of leadership, due to the advantages that are not found in other ethnic groups at the time. Thus, the actual terms of the Quraysh merely symbolic terms.
Kontribusi Pemikiran Hasbi Ash-Shiddieqy dalam Kajian Ilmu Hadis
Authors: Supian Aan
Published: December 2016

The studies of hadith and scientific reseaches in Indonesia found the momentum around the end of the 20th century. One of the figure whose enough concern on this field is Hasbie Ash-Shiddieqy. Some of Hasbie’s thoughts in the hadith field which is become point of view in this article include: First, his view on the substance of the hadith and Sunnah and its periodization. Secondly, the criteria of hadith’s validity. Third, the research and the maintenance of hadîth. Fourth, the methodology of understanding the hadith (sharh al-hadîth). Hasbi thought that the hadith are all events that leaning to the Prophet Muh}ammad, although it happened only once in the lifetime of the Prophet, and although only narrated by a narrator. Then Sunnah is the actions of the Prophet Muh}ammad that mutawâtir. Validity of hadith in Hasbi’s point of view must include of two criteria, that is the validity (sahîh) of sanad and matn of hadith. Hasbi seems to emphasize a study of the hadiths that the quality is not clearly by applying the criteria of validity of the hadith and the theory of nâsikh wa mansûkh.
Hadis Misoginis dalam Perspektif Hermeneutika Fatima Mernissi
Authors: Sauda’ Limmatus
Published: December 2016

This paper attempts to offer a different understanding of the hadith misogynic. Some hadiths are commonly used as the theology reason by the elite of men to smooth out their importance will be examined again, at this time it uses the reading of Fatima Mernissi. Fatima Mernissi is a feminist and a sociologist at the same time. Her background will give a deep impact in her interpretation. She reads it by using a historical and methodological approach. Both of it also become a Mernissi’s hermeneutic. For methodological approach, Mernissi based on ‘Ulûm al-Hadîth that are reliable according to her, this is done when deciding on acceptance or rejection an hadith. For the understanding of hadith, Mernissi applies the historical and sosilogical approach. The purposes of this article are to know and also understand Mernissi’s hermeneutic hadith by reread some hadiths misogynic. Based on her interpretation in hadith misogynic, thispaper’s findingsindicate that hadith misogynic is not really hate women.
Hermeneutika Hadis Zakariya Ouzon
Authors: Mahfudh Hasan
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the theory hermeneutics want Zakaria Ouzon tradition. Hermeneutic theory is formulated from Ouzon ideas contained in the book Jinâyat al-Bukhârî. After describing and analyzing associated with Ouzon criticism against al-Bukhârî, it can be concluded that the hermeneutics Ouzon is subjective hermeneutics flow model with critical hermeneutics. Hermeneutics Ouzon provide significant implications in the process of autonomization text, where he had been let go by the hadith text is no longer leaning on the Apostle automatically cutting off transmission structure tradition. Research on sanad no longer be important as well as the study of hadith text historicity. The implications of hermeneutics Ouzon on the next stage is to shift the hermeneutic epistemology of classical tradition or understanding of the orientation of hadith criticism can only be done by examining each of the structures of tradition in contemporary hermeneutics Ouzon style. In the structure Ouzon hermeneutic tradition, a tradition critic confronted directly with the texts listed in the Kutub al-Sittah
Pandangan Ibn ‘Arabî tentang al-Qur’an sebagai Penghimpun
Authors: Wahyudi Chafid
Published: December 2016

The leaders and observers disagree about sufism narated by Ibn ‘Arabî. Some parties considered him as a sufi who does not rely on the Koran, but others actually had put him always associated with the Koran. Although Ibn ‘Arabî considered not to rely on the Koran, he claimed that the knowledge gained is through the “opening” or “disclosure” (fath, kashf) with respect to the actual meaning of the Koran. Ibn ‘Arabî wrote, We are not quoting the words of the philosopher at all, nor the words of others. What we argue in this book and all our other books are what is given through Kashf and dictated by al-Haqq. Based on this claim, the authors try to lift the view of Ibn ‘Arabî on the Koran
Dakhîl al-Isrâ’ilîyât Kisah Nabi Yûsuf dalam al-Jâmi‘ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân Karya al-Qurtubî
Authors: Amrullah Hafizh Azhar
Published: December 2016

Normatively, the Prophet Muhammad is not giving a ban to tell tales originating from the Banî Isrâ’îl. The Prophet simply gave the record that his people did not justify and deny the stories narrated by Ahl al-Kitâb. However, in the course of the history of Islam, many isrâ’ilîyât seeps into some sort of authoritative books of Jâmi‘ al-Bayân created by al-Tabarî, Tafsîr al-Qur’ân al-‘Azîm by Ibn Kathîr, Rûh al-Ma‘ânî by al-Alûsî, and al-Jâmi‘ li Ahkâm al-Qur’ân by al-Qurtubî. Ironically, in many cases, isrâ’ilîyât that goes into the book of commentary of the Koran without any comments from the authors, so it assumes that the isrâ’ilîyât is a strong opinion and can be used as a reference. As a result, isrâ’ilîyât like virus that continues to undermine the authenticity of the Koran
Kaidah Mutarâdif al-Alfâz dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Fawaid Ahmad
Published: December 2016

Of the many topics sciences of the Koran, not a few students of the Koran are less attentive and ruled out a study of the issue of similarity of words (tarâduf) in the Koran. Whereas tarâduf is a phenomenon that occurs in Arabic, even did not rule contained in almost all languages on earth. As an Arabic text, whether the Koran cannot duck and dodge the fact tarâduf growing presence in the Arabic tradition? In other words, if the Koran also collects some words lexical meanings which have in common sense? Or whether every word that has the same meaning in the Koran cannot be equated entirely? Therefore, the wording in the Koran, in addition to having specificity in every meaning also has a different meaning to the other and the word has suitability in order. This article appeared before the readers to explain the words which have been considered to have the same meaning in the Koran from the perspective of linguistic science and the Koran.
EVERYDAY QUR’AN DI ERA POST-KONSUMERISME MUSLIM
Authors: Saputro M. Endy
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to give a preliminary draft to formulate an innovative concept in the Qur’anic studies world in the age of post-consumerism Muslim. Recent studies on tug of war between globalization and religion have been identifying salient social transformation in some parts of Muslim world, such as the rise of new (media) religious authority, religious commodification trends, varieties of Islamic consumption, the emergence of public Islam and so forth. Apart from these recent scholarships, which successfully grasp the globalization’s influence toward religion (Islam), this paper offers the concept of everyday Qur’an as an alternative basic approach of understanding the cultures of Qur’an in this changing (Muslim) world and at the same time, seeking to briefly explain its emerging issues. Some exemplary issues then have analytically discussed to reflect how the proposed theory applied. Thus, everyday Qur’an can contribute the discourse of cultures based technology in the context of Qur’anic Studies. 
DISKURSUS KEABSAHAN AL-QIRÂ’ÂT AL-‘ASHR SEBAGAI BACAAN MUTAWÂTIR
Authors: Muzammil Iffah
Published: December 2016

Ten qirâ’ah belongs to the ten Imams of Qur’anic recitaters. It composes seven Imams who are remarkably recognized in Muslim traditions mainly introduced by Ibn Mujâhid (245- 324 H), with three additional Imams, Abû Ja‘far al-Qa‘qâ‘, Abû Ya‘qûb al-Haḍramî, and Khalaf bin Hishâm. Different from seven qirâ’ah that is officially approved (mutawâtir) by most of Muslim scholars, the existence of ten qirâ’ah is still debatable. Indeed, some of scholars classify it as poor qirâ’ah (shâdh). Five centuries later after Ibn Mujâhid’s introduction on seven qirâ’ah, al-Jazarî (d. 833 H) argues some evidences on the validity of chain transmission (sanad) of the last three Imams. In the hand of al-Jazarî, the ten qirâ’ah is attested to be completely meeting a requirements of qirâ’ah such like, reliable chain’s transmission, compatible to rasm ‘Uthmânî, and convenient to Arabic rules. Therefore, there is no reason to leave and refuse the last three Imams (ten qirâ’ah) in the Islamic tradition of Qur’anic recitation. 
HADIS DAN PERANNYA DALAM TAFSIR KONTEKSTUAL PERSPEKTIF ABDULLAH SAEED
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih
Published: December 2016

The article highlights Abdullah Saeed’s thought in the light of hadith to promote contextual interpretation of the Qur’an. He emphasizes the significance of Hadith to reach best understanding of Qur’an by putting Hadith as historical reflection of Qur’anic worldview. He argues for five principles that should be implemented in examining Hadith as the source of contextual Qur’anic interpretation. He also highlights the difference of sunnah and Hadith, in which Hadith is perceived as collective cognition not as individual individual perception. Further, he also suggests that understanding Hadith could also be actualized by collective reasoning and human nature (fiṭrah) and it should be totally relevant to the Qur’an. Those are the prerequisite of Hadith as the existing source for Qur’anic interpretation. If Hadith doesn’t meet the conditions, although it sounds in terms of chain transmission, the Hadith should be reviewed and even rejected. 
INTERPRETASI AYAT-AYAT GENDER PERSPEKTIF ISLAM LIBERAL TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN POLITIK PEREMPUAN
Authors: Chalik Abdul
Published: December 2016

For several decades, the role of Muslim female in political arena is limited and still dominated by Muslim male figures. Religious doctrines seem to take part in constructing women into social life. Women are still perceived as secondary person before men, having much emotional feelings, and incapable to handle such social problems. It has been much demonstrated by traditional scholars that the providence of men is being a leader, having much power, and is rightly superior to women. In this case, contemporary feminist Muslim such like Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer, and Fazlur Rahman has contended this notion. They argue that there was possibly different impression on the interpretation of Qur’an that affects Qura’nic worldview towards the existence of women. According to them, Qur’an was precisely revealed to liberate women from social subjection. This article scrutinizes methodological framework in establishing a new light of understanding Qur’anic verse on women, especially on the issues on the origins of women creature, leadership, attestation and the right for inheritance.