bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the implementation of healthy food retail interventions in settings with multiple food retail outlets (complex food retail settings)
Authors: Gupta Adyya , Huggins Catherine E. , Sacks Gary , Gittelsohn Joel , Peeters Anna
Published: September 2024

Complex food retail settings, where multiple food retail outlets operate in close proximity are common. Despite their ubiquity, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding healthy food retail interventions implemented within these settings. Furthermore, understanding the factors affecting the implementation of interventions in these settings remains limited. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify and describe complex food retail settings where interventions were implemented to promote the healthiness of foods purchased, (2) synthesise the evidence on the effectiveness of the interventions implemented, and (3) identify enablers and barriers to the implementation of the interventions in these settings. Four databases, namely, MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, Embase, and Business Source Complete, were searched until December 2022. The Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool was used. Six studies reported on the implementation of interventions promoting healthy food purchases across multiple food retail outlets. Three studies each described two complex food retail settings: university and hospital. Interventions including promotion and promotion plus price improved the healthiness of foods purchased. There was limited description of institutional food policies, conceptual frameworks, formative research, or evaluation outcomes to inform the implementation of interventions in these settings. No study analysed enablers and barriers to the implementation of interventions. No study identified their settings as complex food retail settings. There is limited evidence describing complex food retail settings, their impact on intervention effectiveness, and associated enablers or barriers. Investigating factors influencing the effectiveness of interventions implemented within complex food retail settings is critical to support their implementation at scale.
3D relativistic MHD simulations of the gamma-ray binaries
Authors: Barkov Maxim , Kalinin Evgeniy , Lyutikov Maxim
Published: September 2024

In gamma-ray binaries neutron star is orbiting a companion that produces a strong stellar wind. We demonstrate that observed properties of ‘stellar wind’–‘pulsar wind’ interaction depend both on the overall wind thrust ratio, as well as more subtle geometrical factors: the relative direction of the pulsar’s spin, the plane of the orbit, the direction of motion, and the instantaneous line of sight. Using fully 3D relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations we find that the resulting intrinsic morphologies can be significantly orbital phase-dependent: a given system may change from tailward-open to tailward-closed shapes. As a result, the region of unshocked pulsar wind can change by an order of magnitude over a quarter of the orbit. We calculate radiation maps and synthetic light curves for synchrotron (X-ray) and inverse-Compton emission (GeV-TeV), taking into account

$\gamma $

–

$\gamma $

absorption. Our modelled light curves are in agreement with the phase-dependent observed light curves of LS5039.
Imaging pulsar census of the galactic plane using MWA VCS data
Authors: Sett S. , Sokolowski M. , Lenc E. , Bhat N.D.R.
Published: September 2024

Traditional pulsar surveys have primarily employed time-domain periodicity searches. However, these methods are susceptible to effects like scattering, eclipses, and orbital motion. At lower radio frequencies (

$\lesssim$

300 MHz), factors such as dispersion measure and pulse broadening become more prominent, reducing the detection sensitivity. On the other hand, image domain searches for pulsars are not limited by these effects and can extend the parameter space to regions inaccessible to traditional search techniques. Therefore, we have developed a pipeline to form 1-second full Stokes images from offline correlated high time-resolution data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). This led to the development of image-based methodologies to identify new pulsar candidates. In this paper, we applied these methodologies to perform a low-frequency image-based pulsar census of the galactic plane (12 MWA observations, covering

$\sim$

6 000

$\textrm{deg}^\textrm{2}$

sky). This work focuses on the detection of the known pulsar population which were present in the observed region of the sky using both image-based and beamformed methods. This resulted in the detection of 83 known pulsars, with 16 pulsars found only in Stokes I images but not in periodicity searches applied in beamformed data. Notably, for 14 pulsars these are the first reported low-frequency detections. This underscores the importance of image-based searches for pulsars that may be undetectable in time-series data, due to scattering and/or dispersive smearing at low frequencies. This highlights the importance of low-frequency flux density measurements in refining pulsar spectral models and investigating the spectral turnover of pulsars at low frequencies.
A unified characterization of convolution coefficients in nonlocal differential equations
Authors: Goodrich Christopher S.
Published: September 2024

In loving memory of my beloved miniature dachshund Maddie (16 March 2002 – 16 March 2020). We consider nonlocal differential equations with convolution coefficients of the form

\[{-}M\Big(\big(a*(g\circ |u|)\big)(1)\Big)u''(t)=\lambda f\big(t,u(t)\big),\quad t\in(0,1), \]

in the case in which

$g$

can satisfy very generalized growth conditions; in addition,

$M$

is allowed to be both sign-changing and vanishing. Existence of at least one positive solution to this equation equipped with boundary data is considered. We demonstrate that the nonlocal coefficient

$M$

allows the forcing term

$f$

to be free of almost all assumptions other than continuity.
Modelling chronologically ordered radiocarbon dates in R
Authors: Blaauw Maarten , Aquino-López Marco , Christen J. Andrés
Published: September 2024

Studies with multiple radiocarbon dates often contain useful information on the relative locations of the dated levels. Such information can be used to obtain robust, integrated site chronologies, with at times more precise ages than those of the individual dates, where outliers can be identified and downweighted, and where the ages of any undated levels can also be estimated. Examples include trees with radiocarbon dates separated by exactly known amounts of yearly tree-rings, or sedimentary sites where ages further down the stratigraphy can be assumed to be older than ages further up. Here we present coffee, an R package for Bayesian models that apply chronological ordering for fossils and environmental events. Coffee runs natively within the popular and versatile R environment, with no need for importing or exporting data or code from other programs, and works with plain-text input files that are relatively easy to read and write. It thus provides a new, transparent and adaptable educational and research platform designed to make chronology building more accessible.
Radiocarbon dating of illegal ivory confirmed by Milos Forman’s Hair
Authors: Kufnerová Jitka , Heroldová Helena , Kukla Jaroslav , Křivohlavý Filip , Světlík Ivo , Pachnerová Brabcová Kateřina
Published: September 2024

Illegal poaching brought elephant species to the brink of extinction; therefore, international trade in ivory has become regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). However, the trade is still allowed for antique items, standing for ivory from a period before 1947 within the European Union. This could serve as a loophole for the laundering of modern ivory. In the described case of the Happy Fisherman statuette, the traded item was declared to be antique, but radiocarbon analysis proved a modern provenance, and the statuette was confiscated. The radiocarbon analysis was later confirmed by information from a Chinese newspaper found inside the statuette. Based on the findings, we strongly recommend careful consideration of each individual ivory piece offered for sale, with a thorough inspection of the items and related documentation carried out by a relevant CITES authority. Any exemption of the commercial ban should be granted only to those applicants who meet the criteria of proper evidence in the form of scientific analysis or reliable and trustworthy documentation.
Preaching Predestination and Pastoral Ministry in the Caroline Parish
Authors: BULLETT MAGGIE
Published: September 2024

This article examines manuscript sermons to reveal how a Calvinist minister, Hugh Ramsden, preached predestination from his parish pulpit in the late 1620s. It shows how he adapted a scholarly work for this purpose, sought to balance inclusive and exclusive visions of the Christian community, and attempted to frame the doctrine as a comfort. By comparing two manuscripts for the same sermon, the extempore aspects of his live preaching are explored. Lastly, it considers the negotiation that allowed Hugh's like-minded brother, Henry, to continue with Calvinist preaching under the Laudian regime of Richard Neile in the 1630s.
Description and pathology of a new genus and species of fish blood fluke (Digenea: Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912) infecting white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in Mobile Bay (northern Gulf of Mexico) with a phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Warren M.B. , Ksepka S.P. , Truong T.N. , Curran S.S. , Dutton H.R. , Bullard S.A.
Published: September 2024

Three fish blood flukes (Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912) infect mullets (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Cardicola mugilis Yamaguti, 1970 and Plethorchis acanthus Martin, 1975 infect striped mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Central Pacific Ocean (Hawaiian Islands) and Brisbane River (Australia), respectively; Cardicola brasiliensis Knoff & Amato, 1992 infects Lebranche mullet, Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Brazil). White mullets were cast-netted from the mouth of Deer River, a coastal saltmarsh of Mobile Bay, in the north-central Gulf of Mexico and examined for blood fluke infections. Specimens of Mugilitrema labowskiae Warren & Bullard n. gen., n. sp. were found infecting the endocardial surface and inter-trabecular spaces of the atrium, ventricle, and bulbous arteriosus. The new genus and species differ from all other aporocotylids by having the combination of two post-caecal testes, a uterus with straight ascending and descending portions, and a common genital pore. The 28S analysis recovered the new species and P.acanthus as sister taxa and Aporocotylidae as monophyletic. Carditis associated with intense infections comprised endocardial hyperplasia, resulting in a thickened cardiac endothelium. Probable dead or deteriorating eggs in the myocardium were encapsulated by granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes. Live eggs infected the afferent artery of gill filaments and were associated with varied hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium and haemorrhaging from the afferent artery in high-intensity infections. The new species is the first aporocotylid infecting a mullet from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and only the second description of demonstrable endocarditis attributed to an adult fish blood fluke infection.
A new species of lungworm from the Atlantic Forest: Rhabdias megacephala n. sp. parasite of the endemic anuran Proceratophrys boiei
Authors: Euclydes R. , Melo F.T. de Vasconcelos , da Justa H.C. , Jesus R.F. , Gremski L.H. , Veiga S.S. , Campião K.M.
Published: September 2024

Rhabdias are lung-dwelling parasites of anurans and some reptiles. Currently, 93 species are known to exist worldwide. The identification of Rhabdias species is based mainly on morphological traits of hermaphroditic females that generally have a very conserved morphology. However, different approaches, such as the combination of morphological, molecular, and ecological data, have provided advances in identifying and delimiting rhabdiasid species. Here, we describe a new species of Rhabdias from the south of Brazil, with morphological and molecular data. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having an elongated body, evident cephalic dilation, larger buccal capsule, and large esophagus. In addition to morphological characteristics, we observed significant genetic divergence among the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of the new species and the closest available sequence, Rhabdias fuelleborni (10.24%–10.87%). Furthermore, phylogenetic reconstructions based on the COI gene indicated that the new species represents a different lineage, constituting an outgroup of the species complexes Rhabdias cf. stenocephala and Rhabdias fuelleborni with Rhabdias sp. 4. Thus, Rhabdias megacephala is the 24th nominal species of the Neotropical region, the 14th Brazilian, and the fourth species described from south of Brazil.
Quantized tensor networks for solving the Vlasov–Maxwell equations
Authors: Ye Erika , Loureiro Nuno F.
Published: September 2024

The Vlasov–Maxwell equations provide an ab initio description of collisionless plasmas, but solving them is often impractical because of the wide range of spatial and temporal scales that must be resolved and the high dimensionality of the problem. In this work, we present a quantum-inspired semi-implicit Vlasov–Maxwell solver that uses the quantized tensor network (QTN) framework. With this QTN solver, the cost of grid-based numerical simulation of size

$N$

is reduced from

$O(N)$

to

$O(\text {poly}(D))$

, where

$D$

is the ‘rank’ or ‘bond dimension’ of the QTN and is typically set to be much smaller than

$N$

. We find that for the five-dimensional test problems considered here, a modest

$D=64$

appears to be sufficient for capturing the expected physics despite the simulations using a total of

$N=2^{36}$

grid points, which would require

$D=2^{18}$

for full-rank calculations. Additionally, we observe that a QTN time evolution scheme based on the Dirac–Frenkel variational principle allows one to use somewhat larger time steps than prescribed by the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy constraint. As such, this work demonstrates that the QTN format is a promising means of approximately solving the Vlasov–Maxwell equations with significantly reduced cost.
The effects of finite electron inertia on helicity-barrier-mediated turbulence
Authors: Adkins T. , Meyrand R. , Squire J.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the partitioning of turbulent energy between ions and electrons in weakly collisional plasmas is crucial for the accurate interpretation of observations and modelling of various astrophysical phenomena. Many such plasmas are ‘imbalanced’, wherein the large-scale energy input is dominated by Alfvénic fluctuations propagating in a single direction. In this paper, we demonstrate that when strongly-magnetised plasma turbulence is imbalanced, nonlinear conservation laws imply the existence of a critical value of the electron plasma beta (the ratio of the thermal to magnetic pressures) that separates two dramatically different types of turbulence in parameter space. For betas below the critical value, the free energy injected on the largest scales is able to undergo a familiar Kolmogorov-type cascade to small scales where it is dissipated, heating electrons. For betas above the critical value, the system forms a ‘helicity barrier’ that prevents the cascade from proceeding past the ion Larmor radius, causing the majority of the injected free energy to be deposited into ion heating. Physically, the helicity barrier results from the inability of the system to adjust to the disparity between the perpendicular-wavenumber scalings of the free energy and generalised helicity below the ion Larmor radius; restoring finite electron inertia can annul, or even reverse, this disparity, giving rise to the aforementioned critical beta. We relate this physics to the ‘dynamic phase alignment’ mechanism (that operates under yet lower beta conditions and in pair plasmas), and characterise various other important features of the helicity barrier, including the nature of the nonlinear wavenumber-space fluxes, dissipation rates, and energy spectra. The existence of such a critical beta has important implications for heating, as it suggests that the dominant recipient of the turbulent energy, ions or electrons, can depend sensitively on the characteristics of the plasma at large scales.
Encoding of linear kinetic plasma problems in quantum circuits via data compression
Authors: Novikau I. , Dodin I.Y. , Startsev E.A.
Published: September 2024

We propose an algorithm for encoding linear kinetic plasma problems in quantum circuits. The focus is on modelling electrostatic linear waves in a one-dimensional Maxwellian electron plasma. The waves are described by the linearized Vlasov–Ampère system with a spatially localized external current that drives plasma oscillations. This system is formulated as a boundary-value problem and cast in the form of a linear vector equation

$\boldsymbol {A}{\boldsymbol{\psi} } = \boldsymbol {b}$

to be solved by using the quantum signal processing algorithm. The latter requires encoding of matrix

$\boldsymbol {A}$

in a quantum circuit as a sub-block of a unitary matrix. We propose how to encode

$\boldsymbol {A}$

in a circuit in a compressed form and discuss how the resulting circuit scales with the problem size and the desired precision.
Which client is worthy of using discretion? Analysing storytelling practices of Dutch street-level bureaucrats in inter-departmental settings
Authors: Berg Jonathan , Oldenhof Lieke , Putters Kim , van Wijngaarden Jeroen
Published: September 2024

Multiple welfare states are re-emphasising the need for street-level bureaucrats’ (SLBs) discretion to stimulate responsive service provision. However, little is known about how SLBs with diverse backgrounds in inter-departmental settings deliberate what it means to use discretion well when different rules, eligibility criteria, and interpretations apply to a client. We address this gap by investigating the stories that participants of a Dutch policy experiment told each other to justify which clients should be granted a flexible interpretation of entitlement categories amid scarcity. We found that ‘caretakers’ used the ‘victim of circumstances’ and ‘good citizen’ plot-type to convince ‘service providers’ that the use of discretion was the right thing to do, whereas the latter used the ‘not needy enough’ or ‘the irresponsible citizen’ plot-type for contestation. Our analysis shows that storytelling helped SLBs to make sense of and bring cohesion to complex situations. Moreover, the analysis shows how stories can have a strong emotional appeal and create a sense of urgency to act collectively, yet can also create divisions and opposition among SLBs. As such, storytelling influences how SLBs think and feel about the client, themselves, and each other, and influences how discretion is used at the front-line of public policy.
An intersectional feminist analysis of compulsory income management in Australia
Authors: Staines Zoe , Marston Greg , Peterie Michelle , Bielefeld Shelley , Mendes Philip , Roche Steven
Published: September 2024

Globally, women experience poverty at disproportionate rates to men, with the situation being worse for Indigenous women and women of colour. Social security systems are one avenue for income redistribution that can alleviate poverty. However, such systems are themselves embedded within and produced by unequal social relations, meaning they can also serve to perpetuate and exacerbate social inequalities. This is exemplified under neoliberal welfare reforms, which have disproportionate negative impacts for women across the world (e.g. increased poverty and stigma, reduced health/wellbeing, and more). Again, this is particularly the case for Indigenous women and women of colour.

In this article, we offer an intersectional feminist analysis of an intensive form of neoliberal welfare conditionality, Australia’s ‘compulsory income management’ program (CIM). CIM quarantines social security incomes onto cashless bank cards to restrict expenditure to ‘approved’ items. Drawing on interviews and surveys with 170 individuals who have personally experienced CIM, we show that it has myriad negative impacts that are especially borne by (Indigenous) women. These are not, we argue, unintended policy impacts, but are instead symptomatic of the gendered and racialised violence that is woven into patriarchal capitalism more broadly. Thus, the experience of CIM holds lessons for welfare states internationally.
Silent stages: COVID-19 as a catalyst for change in Canadian El Sistema and Sistema-inspired programmes
Authors: Corcoran Sean D. , Bolden Benjamin , Butler Alana
Published: September 2024

El Sistema and Sistema-inspired programmes have become increasingly popular community music education and social welfare initiatives that aim to benefit socially and economically disadvantaged youth. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly disrupted many of these programmes. The purpose of this research was to investigate how eight Canadian El Sistema and Sistema-inspired programmes adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic. We interviewed eight teachers and eight administrators and found that their programming was impacted in relation to four themes: (a) an increased emphasis on social curricula, (b) pedagogical shifts, (c) inclusion of diverse musical voices and (d) adopting anti-racism perspectives. The COVID-19 pandemic response served as a significant catalyst for change for Canadian El Sistema and Sistema-inspired programmes, utilising the disruption to rethink and address participant needs.
The moral limits of what, exactly?
Authors: Agmon Shai
Published: September 2024

While moral arguments for limiting market expansionism proliferate, a fundamental question has been left unanswered: the moral limits of what, exactly? Moral Limits of Markets (MLM) theorists tend to employ different terms – markets, putting a price tag, buying and selling – interchangeably and inconsistently to describe the phenomenon they are troubled by. I clarify this ambiguity by offering a novel taxonomy of different dimensions of exchange I identify as the sources of the normative concerns of most MLM arguments: Alienation, Commodification, Marketization, Privatization. This taxonomy allows us to better understand why and what about ‘markets’ should be limited.
Climate and vegetation collectively drive soil respiration in montane forest-grassland landscapes of the southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Joshi Atul A. , Ratnam Jayashree , Paramjyothi Harinandanan , Sankaran Mahesh
Published: September 2024

CO2 release rates from soils via soil respiration play an important role in the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems. Though the roles of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration are well recognised, less is known about how their effects vary across different land-cover types. This study looked at the interactive effects of land-cover change and microclimate on temporal patterns of soil respiration in a montane forest-grassland-plantation mosaic in a highly diverse but climatically sensitive ecosystem in the tropical Western Ghats of India. Across all vegetation types, soil respiration rates were highest during south-west monsoon (June–October), when root growth, litter decomposition and microbial activity are relatively high and were lowest during the summer. Among vegetation types, soil respiration rates were higher in grasslands compared to non-native pine plantations, whereas that of forest and invasive wattle (Acacia mearnsii) plantations were intermediate between grasslands and pine plantations. The decline in respiration rates following conversion from grasslands to pine plantations could be due to relatively lower microbial activity, soil temperatures and, subsequently, slower litter decomposition. In addition, the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and moisture differed between different vegetation types. Across all vegetation types, respiration was largely insensitive to changes in soil temperature when moisture levels were low. However, when soil moisture levels were high, respiration increased with temperature in grassland and wattle patches, decreased in the case of pine plantations and remained largely unchanged in shola forests. Our results suggest that changes in aboveground vegetation type can significantly affect soil C cycling even in the absence of any underlying differences in soil type.
In the search for pastoral livestock systems that improve the meat quality: An exploratory study
Authors: Velásquez Carla , Cancino-Baier David , Quiñones-Diaz John , Huaiquipan Rodrigo , Muñoz Alex , Sepúlveda Becker Néstor , Diaz Rommy , Paz Erwin A. , Velázquez Lidiana , Sepúlveda Gastón , Tapia Daniela , Olivares Fernanda
Published: September 2024

An increasing number of consumers are expressing concerns about the quality, nutrient content, and safety of the meet products they purchase, alongside animal welfare and the environmental footprint of production systems. Various studies show that grassland-based systems can produce a healthier meat product. In this context, livestock farmers are actively pursuing improvements in their systems focus on sustainability, with regenerative livestock farming emerging as a prominent approach. Most research has focused on showing the differences in the quality of meat comparing pastoral systems and those fed concentrates under controlled environments. However, there are no studies in Chile that evaluate the quality of beef derived from different pastoral systems, particularly those consider adequate data and products sourced directly from livestock sector. This study explores three beef production systems commonly used in southern Chile (conventional, free grazing, and regenerative), evaluating their impact on carcass characteristics, meat quality attributes, and nutritional components. The results show some variations in carcass weight and yield, with free grazing showing better results. Deviations in meat color were observed, with conventional meat being more red and yellow while regenerative meat was less bright. Subcutaneous fat color and water retention capacity were influenced by diet and production methods. Although lipid oxidation showed no differences, 100% grazing-based systems exhibited lower values, suggesting a higher intake of antioxidants. The research highlights the nutritional superiority of beef from grasslands, characterized by a lower intramuscular fat content and higher values of minerals, such as selenium. The complex multifactorial interaction of pastoral systems is also highlighted, impacting the carcass and meat quality. A holistic approach is essential in future research to generate and assess healthy beef.
Developing China's Hydrogen Economy: National Regulation Through Local Experimentation
Authors: Gong Xiaohan , Quitzow Rainer , Boute Anatole
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen is playing an increasingly important role in China's energy and climate policy, with significant implications for the development of a global hydrogen industry. However, China's approach to the regulation of hydrogen, and, in particular, the role of local authorities in promoting hydrogen refuelling stations and fuel cell vehicles, has so far received limited scholarly attention. This article aims to contribute to the literature on hydrogen regulation and to the transnational environmental law scholarship on decentralization by examining how China promotes hydrogen at the national and local levels. The case of China shows how, in jurisdictions with a sufficient degree of decentralization, local initiatives can play a key role in driving the development of hydrogen. By testing different approaches to hydrogen regulation, local experimentation helps to manage the uncertainties associated with this new energy source. At the same time, China's experience confirms the ‘environmental federalism’ theory on the importance of regulatory harmonization to reduce transaction costs and local protectionism. As the Chinese government develops its national regulatory approach on hydrogen, it has the opportunity to take into account both local and international experience and engage with other major economies in an effort to promote an internationally harmonized regulatory landscape.
Using the CSCP Classic Tales resources to improve literacy in Year 9
Authors: Hayes Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Over the past decade, the literacy rate of the pupils I teach has been declining. This has led to some problems with GCSE Classical Civilisation, where pupils are not strong enough readers to fully access the prescribed sources. To counter this, one of my former colleagues suggested that we use the Classic Tales resources as the basis for our Year 9 course (students aged 13). The aim is to teach the pupils as much mythology as possible, which is an excellent foundation for the myth and religion unit, and to get them to read as much as we can, using the interactive reader, pdf transcripts, and recordings of the stories to engage all pupils in the class. The aim of this paper is to discuss the successes and failures of this strategy.
Error Assessment of Thermospheric Mass Density Retrieval With POD Products Using Different Strategies During Solar Minimum
Authors: Ray Vishal , Thayer Jeffrey , Sutton Eric K. , Waldron Zachary
Published: September 2024

With the proliferation of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites carrying GNSS receivers on‐board commercial operators such as Spire, Starlink, OneWeb, and Amazon, an abundance of high‐cadence tracking data could become available to the scientific community. While GNSS measurements from geodetic‐grade receivers on satellites like SWARM, CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE have been extensively used for atmospheric density retrieval, limited research has explored the potential of less accurate data from commercial operators. This study focuses on two methods to estimate atmospheric densities from precision orbit determination (POD) products—precise positions and velocities—utilizing synthetic data sets. The first method, termed “POD accelerometry” treats the POD products as measurements to a reduced‐dynamic POD scheme with the goal of estimating densities using stochastic parameters. The second method known as the energy dissipation rate (EDR) approach derives densities from changes in orbital energy. The relative contributions of various error sources—dynamics model uncertainties, and POD noise—to the estimated densities are studied for a limited set of orbital regimes and space weather activity, and possible error mitigation strategies are suggested. The performance of the two methods and their sensitivities to these various error sources are compared for circular orbits in the altitude regime 300–800 km during solar minimum . EDR and POD accelerometry have comparable performances for high drag, low POD noise environments, whereas the latter performs considerably better in low drag , high POD noise ( cm) environments, with densities retrieved at higher cadences for the orbital regimes considered in this work during solar minimum.
Quantifying Aspect‐Dependent Snowpack Response to High‐Elevation Wildfire in the Southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Reis Wyatt , McGrath Daniel , Elder Kelly , Kampf Stephanie , Rey David
Published: September 2024

Increasing wildfire frequency and severity in high‐elevation seasonal snow zones presents a considerable water resource management challenge across the western United States (U.S.). Wildfires can affect snowpack accumulation and melt patterns, altering the quantity and timing of runoff. While prior research has shown that wildfire generally increases snow melt rates and advances snow disappearance dates, uncertainties remain regarding variations across complex terrain and the energy balance between burned and unburned areas. Utilizing paired in situ data sources within the 2020 Cameron Peak burn area on the Front Range of Colorado, U.S., during the 2021–2022 winter, we found no significant difference in peak snow water equivalent (SWE) magnitude between burned and unburned areas. However, the burned south aspect reached peak SWE 22 days earlier than burned north. During the ablation period, burned south melt rates were 71% faster than unburned south melt rates, whereas burned north melt rates were 94% faster than unburned north aspects. Snow disappeared 7–11 days earlier in burned areas than unburned areas. Net energy differences at the burned and unburned weather station sites were seasonally variable, the burned area snowpack lost more net energy during the winter, but gained more net energy during the spring. Increased incoming shortwave radiation at the burned site was 6x more impactful in altering the net shortwave radiation balance than the decline in surface albedo. These findings emphasize the need for post‐wildfire water resource planning that accounts for aspect‐dependent differences in energy and mass balance to accurately predict snowpack storage and runoff timing.
The Origin of the Moon’s Thin Atmosphere Might Be Tiny Impacts
Authors: O’Callaghan Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Minuscule meteoroids slamming into the lunar surface could be kicking up most of the atoms that make up the lunar exosphere.
Some Urban Trees Suffer Under Climate Stress
Authors: Sidik Saima
Published: September 2024

Heat and drought hit trees in Boston and New York City harder than those in their rural counterparts.
Exploring AI Progress in GNSS Remote Sensing: A Deep Learning Based Framework for Real‐Time Detection of Earthquake and Tsunami Induced Ionospheric Perturbations
Authors: Ravanelli Michela , Constantinou Valentino , Liu Hamlin , Bortnik Jacob
Published: September 2024

Global Navigation Satellite System Ionospheric Seismology investigates the ionospheric response to earthquakes and tsunamis. These events are known to generate Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) that can be detected through GNSS‐derived Total Electron Content (TEC) observations. Real‐time TID identification provides a method for tsunami detection, improving tsunami early warning systems (TEWS) by extending coverage to open‐ocean regions where buoy‐based warning systems are impractical. Scalable and automated TID detection is, hence, essential for TEWS augmentation. In this work, we present an innovative approach to perform automatic real‐time TID monitoring and detection, using deep learning insights. We utilize Gramian Angular Difference Fields (GADFs), a technique that transforms time‐series into images, in combination with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), starting from VARION (Variometric Approach for Real‐time Ionosphere Observation) real‐time TEC estimates. We select four tsunamigenic earthquakes that occurred in the Pacific Ocean: the 2010 Maule earthquake, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the 2012 Haida‐Gwaii, the 2015 Illapel earthquake. The first three events are used for model training, whereas the out‐of‐sample validation is performed on the last one. The presented framework, being perfectly suitable for real‐time applications, achieves 91.7% of F1 score and 84.6% of recall, highlighting its potential. Our approach to improve false positive detection, based on the likelihood of a TID at each time step, ensures robust and high performance as the system scales up, integrating more data for model training. This research lays the foundation for incorporating deep learning into real‐time GNSS‐TEC analysis, offering a joint and substantial contribution to TEWS progression.
Enhancing Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Malaria and Dengue Through Video Education: A Comparative Study in Taiwan and Indonesia
Authors: Vesti Rahmasari Farindira , Huriah Titih , Ani Yuniarti Falasifah , Setyawati Ika , Suratini
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to (1) compare the levels of knowledge and attitudes towards dengue and malaria in Indonesia and Taiwan; (2) test the effectiveness of video media in improving knowledge and attitudes towards dengue and malaria in Indonesia; and (3) explore participants’ perceptions of using video media in Indonesia. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, with a quantitative survey involving 33 respondents from Indonesia and 25 from Taiwan, and qualitative insights from 10 informants in Indonesia. Quantitative data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and t-tests, while qualitative data were gathered through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The results showed significant differences in knowledge and behavior towards malaria between Indonesia and Taiwan, but not for dengue. The findings suggest that video media is a powerful tool for health education campaigns, particularly for complex topics requiring behavior change, such as infectious disease prevention. However, based on qualitative findings, challenges related to technological accessibility were identified, underscoring the need for combining multiple educational mediums to reach a broader audience.
Teaching English Using Digital Flashcards to Improve Grammar Skills of Junior High School Students
Authors: Rejeki Murtiningsih Sri , Nur Khasanah Auliya , Puspitasari Evi
Published: September 2024

Although digital flashcards are popular among English teachers, initiatives to actually measure the differences before and after using digital flashcards for teaching were relatively scarce. The study aims to investigate the statistical differences between two groups taught using digital flashcards. The design of this study is quantitative, and the method is experimental, involving 52 students at a junior high school. The students were grouped into experimental (N=26) and control (N=26) groups. The data were collected by conducting a pre-test and post-test, giving both groups 25 grammar questions on each test. The experimental group was taught English grammar using digital and printed flashcards, while the other was not. The test scores of the respondents from the two groups were analyzed using a statistical program and Microsoft Excel. The results of this study show that there is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control groups. The data also show that the mean of the experimental group was 68.31, and the control group’s mean was 52.46. A t-test was conducted to answer the research question. The computation results showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. It means that the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Compared to the control group, using flashcards in teaching grammar is more effective. It is recommended that English teachers could utilize flashcards, both digital and printed, to improve students’ grammar skills.
Effect of mobile health education on family caregivers’ knowledge of recurrence stroke prevention
Authors: Firmawati Erfin , Rochmawati Erna , Setyopranoto Ismail
Published: September 2024

Stroke, a cerebrovascular disease, that cause of mortality and long-lasting disability. The recurrence of stroke is increasing due to lack knowledge and compliance with treatment to control modifiable risk factors. Family caregiver’ role is important to help stroke patient. Mobile health education is one way to increase their knowledge. The aim of community service was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile health education using Family Care on RSP on family caregivers’ knowledge related to recurrent stroke prevention. Family caregivers and patients were provided education using Family Care on RSP (Recurrent Stroke Prevention) application. The target was family caregivers and stroke patients who joint in Indonesian Stoke Club at Yogyakarta.Number of respondents consist of 10 family caregivers with 10 stroke patients. The result showed the improvement of knowledge of family caregivers after providing education using Family care on RSP.
Implementation of Environmental Education Module for Children in Indonesian School Jeddah
Authors: Widodo Aris Slamet , Syamsia  , Ulum Bahrul
Published: September 2024

Children’s education is an interesting concern for education activists, who are expected to become agents of change in the future. Environmental education for children will of course be a hope for the sustainability of environmental maintenance. Basic concepts of environmental maintenance need to be introduced to children’s education in schools with the potential of each region. The right methods and materials are needed for the effectiveness of environmental education for children. The purpose of this community service program is to increase children’s knowledge and awareness of the environment. Community service activities were carried out at the Indonesian School of Jeddah (SIJ) in January-February 2024. Participants in this community service activity were teachers and students. The implementation of community service activities was carried out through three activities, namely socialization activities and the application of environmental education modules for children, as well as hydroponic plant cultivation training as a form of environmental education for children. The results of the community service showed that there was an increase in teacher and student knowledge regarding the application of environmental education to children through learning modules. The application of environmental education modules was carried out through hydroponic plant cultivation practices, so as to improve the skills of teachers and students in environmental education. The level of satisfaction and assessment of community service activities through the application of environmental modules to children at SIJ is in the very satisfactory category.
Actomyosin contraction in the follicular epithelium provides the major mechanical force for follicle rupture during
Drosophila
ovulation
Authors: Cho Stella E. , Li Wei , Beard Andrew M. , Jackson Jonathan A. , Kiernan Risa , Hoshino Kazunori , Martin Adam C. , Sun Jianjun
Published: September 2024

Ovulation is critical for sexual reproduction and consists of the process of liberating fertilizable oocytes from their somatic follicle capsules, also known as follicle rupture. The mechanical force for oocyte expulsion is largely unknown in many species. Our previous work demonstrated that
Drosophila
ovulation, as in mammals, requires the proteolytic degradation of the posterior follicle wall and follicle rupture to release the mature oocyte from a layer of somatic follicle cells. Here, we identified actomyosin contraction in somatic follicle cells as the major mechanical force for follicle rupture. Filamentous actin (F-actin) and nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) are highly enriched in the cortex of follicle cells upon stimulation with octopamine (OA), a monoamine critical for
Drosophila
ovulation. Pharmacological disruption of F-actin polymerization prevented follicle rupture without interfering with the follicle wall breakdown. In addition, we demonstrated that OA induces Rho1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase activation in the follicle cell cortex, which activates Ras homolog (Rho) kinase to promote actomyosin contraction and follicle rupture. All these results led us to conclude that OA signaling induces actomyosin cortex enrichment and contractility, which generates the mechanical force for follicle rupture during
Drosophila
ovulation. Due to the conserved nature of actomyosin contraction, this work could shed light on the mechanical force required for follicle rupture in other species including humans.
“Childless cat ladies” and the 2024 US presidential election
Authors: Kogan Lori R. , McDonald Shelby E. , Swan Laura E.T.
Published: September 2024

Introduction
: This study, part of a larger research project assessing the political views of people with pets (dogs and cats), investigates the political views and life satisfaction of women without children who own cats. The research aims to provide insights into this group’s perspectives on current issues, including abortion rights and voting intentions for the 2024 US presidential election.
Methods
: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in August 2024, involving 236 American women cat owners without children, recruited through Prolific, an online marketplace for survey respondents. The survey assessed the sample’s demographics, life satisfaction using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), concerns about current events, views on abortion, political affiliation, and voting intentions.
Results
: Participants mean SWLS score was 18.64 (SD = 7.74), comparable to other adult populations. The majority identified as liberal (71%) and Democrat (54%). This population’s top concerns included healthcare, abortion rights, climate change and environment, and government ethics. A total of 88.1% believed abortion should be legal in all or most circumstances. Regarding the 2024 election, 86.4% plan to vote, with 72.9% of those planning to vote indicating they support the Harris/Walz ticket.
Discussion/Conclusion
: The findings suggest that childless women with cats are a politically engaged population with predominantly liberal views. While study limitations include lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the sample, this research provides valuable insights into the political leanings and life satisfaction of an often-stereotyped group.
New angular momentum conservation laws for electromagnetic waves interacting with dirac fields
Authors: Khosravi Farhad , Yang Li-Ping , Das Pronoy , Jacob Zubin
Published: September 2024

Global conservation laws of angular momentum (AM) are well-known in the theory of light–matter interaction. However, local conservation laws, i.e. the conservation law of AM at every point in space, remain unexplored especially in the context of relativistic Dirac–Maxwell fields. Here, we use the QED Lagrangian and Noether’s theorem to derive a new local conservation law of AM for Dirac–Maxwell fields in the form of the continuity relation for linear momentum. We separate this local conservation law into four coupled motion equations for spin and orbital AM (OAM) densities. We introduce a helicity current tensor, OAM current tensor, and spin–orbit torque in the motion equations to shed light on the local dynamics of spin-OAM interaction and AM exchange between Maxwell and Dirac fields. We elucidate how our results translate to classical electrodynamics using the example of plane wave interference as well as a dual-mode optical fiber. Our results shine light on AM phenomena related to the relativistic interaction of electromagnetic waves and Dirac fields.
Trapped-atom Otto engine with light-induced dipole–dipole interactions
Authors: Gashu Feyisa Chimdessa , Jen H H
Published: September 2024

Finite-time quantum heat engines operating with working substances of quantum nature are of practical relevance as they can generate finite-power. However, they encounter energy losses due to quantum friction, which is particularly pronounced in many-body systems with non-trivial coherences in their density operator. Strategies such as shortcuts to adiabaticity and fast routes to thermalization have been developed although the associated cost requirements remain uncertain. In this study, we theoretically investigate the finite-time operation of a trapped-atom Otto engine with light-induced dipole–dipole interactions and projection measurements in one of the isochoric processes. The investigation reveals that when atoms are sufficiently close to each other and their dipoles are oriented perpendicularly, light-induced dipole–dipole interactions generate strong coherent interactions. This has enhanced engine efficiency to near unity and accelerate the thermalization process by sixtyfold. The interactions also boost engine performance during finite-unitary strokes despite the significant quantum friction induced by the time-dependent driving field. Furthermore, the projection measurement protocol effectively erases quantum coherences developed during both the finite-unitary expansion and finite thermalization stages and allows finite-time engine operation with an output power. This setup presents a compelling avenue for further investigation of finite-time many-body quantum heat engines and provides an opportunity to explore the full potential of photon-mediated dipole–dipole interactions.