bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maryland lawmakers aim to ‘modernize’ MH, improve access
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2023

Maryland Senate lawmakers announced last month an ambitious effort to create a “world‐class mental health system” to include the establishment of more certified community behavioral health clinics (CCBHCs), integrated wraparound services and the expansion of intensive and in‐home behavioral health care for youth.
Learning rates of multitask kernel methods
Authors: Sun Haoming , Zhang Haizhang
Published: March 2023

Learning theory aims at building a solid mathematical foundation for machine learning. A core objective of learning theory is to estimate the learning rates of various learning algorithms in order to analyze their generalization ability. By far, most such research efforts have been focusing on single‐task kernel methods. There is little parallel work on learning rates of multitask kernel methods. We shall present an analysis of the learning rates for multitask regularization networks and
‐norm coefficient regularization. Compared to the existing work on learning rate estimates of multitask regularization networks, our study is more applicable in that we do not require the regression function to lie in the vector‐valued reproducing kernel Hilbert space of the chosen matrix‐valued reproducing kernel. Our work on the learning rate of multitask
‐norm coefficient regularization is new. For both methods, our results reveal a quantitative dependency of the learning rates on the number of tasks, which is also new in the literature.
Kamapim gutpela man: Papua New Guinean and Chinese refinery workers' changing understandings of becoming a good man
Authors: Kuo I‐Chang
Published: March 2023

This article adds to research on emerging masculinities in the Pacific by analysing how Papua New Guinean and Chinese male employees' intercultural work experiences impact their perceptions of becoming a good man. The idea of a good man acts as a benchmark for assessing the adaptability of Papua New Guinean employees to new work environments and determining if Chinese colleagues are their desired partners. I illustrate this point by first considering ‘becoming’ as an alternate framework to the binary framework reflected in earlier research. I next describe how Papua New Guinean workers impress their Chinese supervisors through negotiations and concessions about industrial and subsistence farming time, as well as how working with Papua New Guinean workers alters Chinese employees' perceptions of work. Finally, I demonstrate how employment practices foster Papua New Guinean workers' evolving perspectives on becoming agutpela man(‘good man’) and Chinese employees' evolving perspectives on becoming a good person, a vital route to becoming achenggongman (‘successful man’). This article proposes characterizing emerging masculinities as hybrid identities that are context‐dependent, interculturally exchanged and temporal by presenting two parties' new thoughts on becoming a good man. This article demonstrates modulatory power dynamics in the Chinese refinery based on a two‐way narrative as opposed to portraying Chinese management as the dominating force.
A Research Note on Austronesian Relationship Terminologies With and Without Relative Age Categories
Authors: Fox James J.
Published: March 2023

This research note examines the formal patterning of Austronesian relationship terminologies with or without relative age categories. Specifically, the article considers (1) the formal contrast between these patterns, (2) the key variant forms of these patterns, and (3) the distribution of these patterns and their associated variants throughout the Austronesian‐speaking world. It offers a succinct examination of a key dimension of Austronesian terminologies and points to the position of eastern Indonesia as an innovative transition zone in the development of Austronesian terminologies.
Projection of future dry‐wet evolution in Northwest China and its uncertainty attribution analysis
Authors: Liu Wenfei , Su Xiaoling , Zhang Gengxi , Chen Duan
Published: March 2023

Projection of future dry‐wet evolution is essential for making long‐term regional climate adaptation strategies. In this study, the projection of regional dry‐wet evolution is conducted with a careful consideration on uncertainty attribution. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) is adopted due to its physical mechanisms for taking evaporative demand into account. A three‐dimensional framework is constructed for quantifying the range of uncertainty of the ESI in which six Global Climate Models (GCMs) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6), three latest Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, and six Potential Evapotranspiration Models (PETMs) are used. The framework provides 108 different ESI simulations for two future periods: 2041–2070 (mid‐future) and 2071–2100 (far‐future). An agglomerative‐hierarchical clustering method and the Analysis of Variance methodology are employed to evaluate the relative contribution of each uncertainty source. The region of Northwest China is used as a case to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The results indicate that most of the parts in Northwest China would experience dry mitigation in both mid‐future and far‐future periods. Projected ESI by PM[CO2] model and ACCESS‐ESM1‐5 suggestes a higher tendency for dry mitigation. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the 108 sets of ESI predictions indicate that most clusters are dominated by GCM forcing, and one cluster is dominated by the SSP1‐2.6 scenario. Furthermore, GCM‐related uncertainty′s relative contribution to the total projection uncertainty is the greatest, with an average value of 49.98% in the far future (i.e., 2071–2100 s). Although the contribution of SSP uncertainty is smaller (21.68%−28.43%), it increases in far‐future over mid‐future. The case study indicates that the large scale ensemble prediction of ESI and its uncertainty analysis provide a more comprehensive data set on climate change and help water managers to gain in‐depth understanding of future trends of drought projections.
Compacted mesoporous titania nanosheets anode for pseudocapacitance‐dominated, high‐rate, and high‐volumetric sodium‐ion storage
Authors: Yu Jiayu , Huang Xiaojuan , He Yalin , Tang Dafu , Huang Tingyi , Liu Lu , Wu Haobin , Peng Dong‐Liang , Zhao Dongyuan , Lan Kun , Wei Qiulong
Published: March 2023

Surface‐redox pseudocapacitive nanomaterials show promise for fast‐charging energy storage. However, their high surface area usually leads to low density, which is not conducive to achieving both high volumetric capacity and high‐rate capability. Herein, we demonstrate that TiO2 nanosheets (meso‐TiO2‐NSs) with densely packed mesoporous are capable of fast pseudocapacitance‐dominated sodium‐ion storage, as well as high volumetric and gravimetric capacities. Through compressing treatment, the compaction density of meso‐TiO2‐NSs is up to ~1.6 g/cm3, combined with high surface area and high porosity with mesopore channels for rapid Na+ diffusion. The compacted meso‐TiO2‐NSs electrodes achieve high pseudocapacitance (93.6% of total charge at 1 mV/s), high‐rate capability (up to 10 A/g), and long‐term cycling stability (10,000 cycles). More importantly, the space‐efficiently packed structure enables high volumetric capacity. The thick‐film meso‐TiO2‐NSs anode with the mass loading of 10 mg/cm2 delivers a gravimetric capacity of 165 mAh/g and a volumetric capacity of 223 mAh/cm3 at 5 mA/cm2, much higher than those of commercial hard carbon anode (80 mAh/g and 86 mAh/cm3). This work highlights a pathway for designing a dense nanostructure that enables fast charge kinetics for high‐density sodium‐ion storage.
Rebirth of CuInS2 as hole transport material for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ahmed Rida
Published: March 2023

Copper indium sulfide, CuInS2 (CIS), has entered the field of photovoltaic cells for about three decades but somehow, they have not met their theoretically predicted efficiency as an absorber material. However, it is being employed as a hole transport layer in conjunction with organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells, which offer improved environmental stability at a reduced production cost. This commentary piece aims to draw researchers' attention to the use of CIS as hole transport layers in organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells, with the expectation that further study and efficiency improvements will propel perovskite solar cells into the commercialization race.
Vulnerability assessment to flood hazards of households in flood‐prone areas of Kasese District, Western Uganda
Authors: Tibara Yayiru , Wasswa Hannington , Semakula Henry Musoke
Published: March 2023

The study evaluated the level of household vulnerability to flood hazards in Kasese Municipality, Kasese District, Uganda. The municipality is divided into three divisions (viz., Central, Bulembia, and Nyamwamba). The study utilized both secondary and primary data. Secondary data were obtained through an extensive literature review, and primary data were obtained through household survey. Seventy households were systematically randomly selected from each division. The study used an indicator‐based methodology. The indicators under the different categories were broken down into different classes basing on their features. The indicators were then normalized, and weights were assigned to different indicators using principal component analysis (PCA). The variables normalized were multiplied with the weights assigned to develop the indices for the components of vulnerability. Indices of vulnerability were created at the home level and aggregated at the division level. A chi‐squared test at a significance level of 5% was used to test for differences in the level of household vulnerability. The results revealed that the Nyamwamba division was most exposed whereas the Central division was least exposed to floods. The Central division was also found most sensitive whereas the Bulembia division was least sensitive to floods. The Central division had better capacity to cope with floods whereas the Bulembia division had the least capacity. The study further revealed a significant difference in the level of households' vulnerability across the divisions. However, overall, the Nyamwamba division was found most vulnerable and the Central division least vulnerable to floods. About 43.8% of the households in Kasese Municipality were found highly vulnerable to floods. To reduce the high levels of exposure, households nearer major flooding river should be relocated to safer places and restrict settlement in flood‐prone areas. To reduce the high levels of sensitivity and enhance adaptive capacities, the local government and other stakeholders should give jobs/income‐generating opportunities to enhance the income levels and savings of the households in the flood‐prone areas. To reduce the high levels of vulnerability, government and other stakeholders should develop policies and allocate funds for disaster risk reduction and adequately respond to flood disasters at the lowest administrative units of villages and subcounties.
An $${\mathcal {O}}$$-acyclic variety of even index
Authors: Ottem John Christian , Suzuki Fumiaki
Published: March 2023

We give the first examples of $${\mathcal {O}}$$
O
-acyclic smooth projective geometrically connected varieties over the function field of a complex curve, whose index is not equal to one. More precisely, we construct a family of Enriques surfaces over $${\mathbb {P}}^{1}$$

P

1

such that any multi-section has even degree over the base $${\mathbb {P}}^{1}$$

P

1

and show moreover that we can find such a family defined over $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
. This answers affirmatively a question of Colliot-Thélène and Voisin. Furthermore, our construction provides counterexamples to: the failure of the Hasse principle accounted for by the reciprocity obstruction; the integral Hodge conjecture; and universality of Abel–Jacobi maps.
Association between aortic peak wall stress and rupture index with abdominal aortic aneurysm–related events
Authors: Singh Tejas P. , Moxon Joseph V. , Gasser T. Christian , Jenkins Jason , Bourke Michael , Bourke Benard , Golledge Jonathan
Published: March 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess whether aortic peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) were associated with the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture or repair (defined as AAA events) among participants with small AAAs.

Methods

PWS and PWRI were estimated from computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans of 210 participants with small AAAs (≥ 30 and  ≤ 50 mm) prospectively recruited between 2002 and 2016 from two existing databases. Participants were followed for a median of 2.0 (inter-quartile range 1.9, 2.8) years to record the incidence of AAA events. The associations between PWS and PWRI with AAA events were assessed using Cox proportional hazard analyses. The ability of PWS and PWRI to reclassify the risk of AAA events compared to the initial AAA diameter was examined using net reclassification index (NRI) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Results

After adjusting for other risk factors, one standard deviation increase in PWS (hazard ratio, HR, 1.56, 95% confidence intervals, CI 1.19, 2.06; p = 0.001) and PWRI (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29, 2.34; p < 0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of AAA events. In the CART analysis, PWRI was identified as the best single predictor of AAA events at a cut-off value of  > 0.562. PWRI, but not PWS, significantly improved the classification of risk of AAA events compared to the initial AAA diameter alone.

Conclusion

PWS and PWRI predicted the risk of AAA events but only PWRI significantly improved the risk stratification compared to aortic diameter alone.

Key Points

• Aortic diameter is an imperfect measure of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk.

• This observational study of 210 participants found that peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) predicted the risk of aortic rupture or AAA repair.

• PWRI, but not PWS, significantly improved the risk stratification for AAA events compared to aortic diameter alone.
Dietary magnesium intake is related to larger brain volumes and lower white matter lesions with notable sex differences
Authors: Alateeq Khawlah , Walsh Erin I. , Cherbuin Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To examine the association between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs) in middle to early old age.

Methods

Participants (aged 40–73 years) from UK Biobank (n = 6001) were included and stratified by sex. Dietary Mg was measured using an online computerised 24 h recall questionnaire to estimate daily Mg intake. Latent class analysis and hierarchical linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between baseline dietary Mg, Mg trajectories, and brain volumes and WMLs. Associations between baseline Mg, and baseline blood pressure (BP) measures, and baseline Mg, Mg trajectories and BP changes (between baseline and wave 2) were also investigated to assess whether BP mediates the link between Mg intake and brain health. All analyses controlled for health and socio-demographic covariates. Possible interactions between menopausal status and Mg trajectories in predicting brain volumes and WMLs were also investigated.

Results

On average, higher baseline dietary Mg intake was associated with larger brain volumes (gray matter [GM]: 0.001% [SE = 0.0003]; left hippocampus [LHC]: 0.0013% [SE = 0.0006]; and right hippocampus [RHC]: 0.0023% [SE = 0.0006]) in both men and women. Latent class analysis of Mg intake revealed three classes: “high-decreasing” (men = 3.2%, women = 1.9%), “low-increasing” (men = 1.09%, women = 1.62%), and “stable normal” (men = 95.71%, women = 96.51%). In women, only the “high-decreasing” trajectory was significantly associated with larger brain volumes (GM: 1.17%, [SE = 0.58]; and RHC: 2.79% [SE = 1.11]) compared to the “normal-stable”, the “low-increasing” trajectory was associated with smaller brain volumes (GM: − 1.67%, [SE = 0.30]; white matter [WM]: − 0.85% [SE = 0.42]; LHC: − 2.43% [SE = 0.59]; and RHC: − 1.50% [SE = 0.57]) and larger WMLs (1.6% [SE = 0.53]). Associations between Mg and BP measures were mostly non-significant. Furthermore, the observed neuroprotective effect of higher dietary Mg intake in the “high-decreasing” trajectory appears to be greater in post-menopausal than pre-menopausal women.

Conclusions

Higher dietary Mg intake is related to better brain health in the general population, and particularly in women.
Correlation between psychological resilience and burnout syndrome in oncologists amid the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Budisavljevic Anuska , Kelemenic-Drazin Renata , Silovski Tajana , Plestina Stjepko , Plavetic Natalija Dedic
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Oncologists are predisposed to developing burnout syndrome. Like other health care professionals worldwide, oncologists have endured additional, extreme challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological resilience presents a potential protective mechanism against burnout. This cross-sectional study examines whether psychological resilience eased burnout syndrome among Croatian oncologists during the pandemic.

Methods

An anonymized self-reporting questionnaire was electronically distributed by the Croatian Society for Medical Oncology to 130 specialist and resident oncologists working in hospitals. Available for completion from September 6–24, 2021, the survey comprised demographic questions; the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), covering exhaustion and disengagement; and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The response rate was 57.7%.

Results

Burnout was moderate or high for 86% of respondents, while 77% had moderate or high psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with the OLBI exhaustion subscale (r =  − .54; p < 0.001) and the overall OLBI score (r =  − .46; p < 0.001). Scheffe’s post hoc test showed that oncologists with high resilience scored significantly lower on the overall OLBI (M = 2.89; SD = 0.487) compared to oncologists with low resilience (M = 2.52; SD = 0.493).

Conclusion

The findings thus indicate that oncologists with high psychological resilience are at significantly lower risk of developing burnout syndrome. Accordingly, convenient measures to encourage psychological resilience in oncologists should be identified and implemented.
Yield Traits of Red Radish Seeds Obtained from Plants Produced from γ-Irradiated Seeds and Their Oil Characteristics
Authors: Aly Amina A. , Maraei Rabab W. , Sharafeldin Reem G. , Safwat Gehan
Published: March 2023

Red radish is an important root crop worldwide owing to its broad adjustment, high yield, and abundant nutritional contents. So, this study was conducted on radish seeds taken from plants established from seeds that were irradiated by different dose levels of gamma-ray (10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) as well as the un-irradiated sample (control) to evaluate the changes in seed yield traits (number of pods/plant (NPP); total weight of pods/plant (TWPP) in grams; seed yield/plant (SYP) in grams; 100-seeds weight (100-SW) in grams). Proximate composition of the seeds yield, as well as the oil yield and its physico-chemical properties plus the bioactive ingredients of this oil were concerned. The results indicated that all traits of seeds yield were highly significant for all irradiation treatments except for 100-seed weight, which was not affected by irradiation treatments, and the dose of 40 Gy gave the best traits. There is a positive effect of irradiation on most of the proximate composition, except the content of crude fiber and moisture which were decreased by irradiation treatments. Furthermore, γ‑rays improved the minerals content of red radish seeds and the dose of 80 Gy was the most effective dose for increasing the content of nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, while the dose of 20 Gy gave the highest calcium content. As for the oil, the results showed that the oil yield increased by gamma-rays and the maximum yield was gained with dose level of 20 Gy (34.80%). The fatty acids composition was affected by γ‑rays different dose levels and erucic & oleic acids were the predominant mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) while, linoleic & linolenic acids were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Concerning the physico-chemical properties of the oil samples, it was observed that irradiation decreased the iodine value, while the acid, saponification, and ester values increased in all treatments, but on the contrary, the peroxide value was not affected by irradiation. With regard to the bioactive compounds of seeds oil and their antioxidant activity, were increased by irradiation.

Therefore, radish oil is considered unconventional oil and can be evaluated as an alternative to traditionally consumed vegetable oils or as additives to them.
Public authorities for transformative change: integration principle in public funding
Authors: Penca Jerneja
Published: March 2023

Although science widely supports moving towards transformative change through integrating biodiversity into decision-making, and arguing for the essential role of public authorities, it falls short on suggesting specific means to that end. This article considers the EU’s approach to fostering the green transition as part of its post-pandemic recovery while exploring how the integration of biodiversity considerations could be integrated into decision-making. The rationale and implementation of the EU’sdo no harmprinciple is examined, which functioned as a condition for public funds. The analysis shows the mentioned EU policy innovation has a very limited impact. The role ofdo no harmhas been limited to validating, rather than initiating policy measures. It has failed to influence the design of measures such that they would benefit biodiversity and not encouraged synergies between the climate and biodiversity goals. Based on the experience withdo no harmas well as the more focussed regulatory action directed at the goal of climate neutrality, the article lists key steps for fostering biodiversity integration in policy planning and policy implementation. These steps encompass substantive and procedural approaches and aim for deliberation, target-setting, tracking, verification and screening. There is considerable scope for robust regulation to play a role in support of the biodiversity goals alongside transformative bottom-up initiatives.
Building Spacetime from Effective Interactions Between Quantum Fluctuations
Authors: Karlsson Anna
Published: March 2023

We describe how a model of effective interactions between quantum fluctuations under certain assumptions can be constructed in a way so that the large-scale limit gives an effective theory that matches general relativity (GR) in vacuum regions. This is an investigation of a possible scenario of spacetime emergence from quantum interactions directly in the spacetime, and of how effective quantum behaviour might provide a useful link between detailed properties of quantum interactions and GR. The quantum fluctuations are assumed to entangle sufficiently for a cohesive spacetime to form, so that their effective properties can be described relative to a D-dimensional reference frame. To obtain the desired features of a smooth metric with a vanishing Ricci tensor, the quantum fluctuations are modelled as Gaussian probability distributions, with a shape set relative to the interactions coming from the surroundings. At small scales, the propagation through the spacetime is modelled by a Gaussian random walk.
Residual risks and evolving atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Noothi Sunil K. , Ahmed Mohamed Radwan , Agrawal Devendra K.
Published: March 2023

Atherosclerotic disease of the coronary and carotid arteries is the primary global cause of significant mortality and morbidity. The chronic occlusive diseases have changed the epidemiological landscape of health problems both in developed and the developing countries. Despite the enormous benefit of advanced revascularization techniques, use of statins, and successful attempts of targeting modifiable risk factors, like smoking and exercise in the last four decades, there is still a definite “residual risk” in the population, as evidenced by many prevalent and new cases every year. Here, we highlight the burden of the atherosclerotic diseases and provide substantial clinical evidence of the residual risks in these diseases despite advanced management settings, with emphasis on strokes and cardiovascular risks. We critically discussed the concepts and potential underlying mechanisms of the evolving atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary and carotid arteries. This has changed our understanding of the plaque biology, the progression of unstable vs stable plaques, and the evolution of plaque prior to the occurrence of a major adverse atherothrombotic event. This has been facilitated using intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and near-infrared spectroscopy in the clinical settings to achieve surrogate end points. These techniques are now providing exquisite information on plaque size, composition, lipid volume, fibrous cap thickness and other features that were previously not possible with conventional angiography.
Multi-fidelity surrogate-based optimal design of road vehicle suspension systems
Authors: Xue Haoxiang , Gobbi Massimiliano , Matta Andrea
Published: March 2023

Ride comfort is a relevant performance for road vehicles. The suspension system can filter vibration caused by the uneven road to improve ride comfort. Optimization of the road vehicle suspension system has been extensively studied. As detailed models require significant computational effort, it becomes increasingly important to develop an efficient optimization framework. In this work, a multi-fidelity surrogate-based optimization framework based on the Approximate Normal Constraint method and Extended Kernel Regression surrogate modeling method is proposed and applied. An analytical model and a multi-body model of the suspension system are used as the low-fidelity and high-fidelity models, respectively. Compared with other well-known methods, the proposed method can provide good accuracy and high efficiency. In addition, the proposed method is applied to different types of vehicle suspension optimization problems and shows good robustness and efficiency.
Universalism and extensionalism revisited
Authors: Calosi Claudio , Giordani Alessandro
Published: March 2023

We present a new notion of mereological sum that is inequivalent to extant ones in the literature and does not fall prey to reasonable complaints that can be raised against some such notions. In light of this notion, we then revisit the relation between mereological universalism and extensionalism. In particular we argue that Varzi’s claim to the point that universalism entails extensionalism is justified only insofar as one sticks to Varzi’s notion of sum. In effect, we distinguish different versions of extensionalism and argue that universalism—when cashed out in terms of our new notion of sum—entails some versions but not others. Most significantly it does not entail extensionality of proper parthood. In the light of the above we set forth a new mereological system, Universalist Quasi-Supplemented Mereology, that can be considered a worthy alternative to different mereological systems in the literature.
Effect of Alloying on the Microstructure, Phase Stability, Hardness, and Partitioning Behavior of a New Dual-Superlattice Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Rodenkirchen C. , Ackerman A. K. , Mignanelli P. M. , Cliff A. , Wise G. J. , Breul P. , Douglas J. O. , Bagot P. A. J. , Moody M. P. , Appleton M. , Ryan M. P. , Hardy M. C. , Pedrazzini S. , Stone H. J.
Published: March 2023

A novelγ–γ′–γ″ dual-superlattice superalloy, with promising mechanical properties up to elevated temperatures was recently reported by Mignanelliet al. (in: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 & Derivatives: Energy, Aerospace, and Industrial Applications, pp 679–690, 2018). The present work employs state-of-the-art chemical and spatial characterization techniques to study the effect systematic additions of Mo, W, and Fe and variations in Nb and Al contents have on the phase fraction, thermal stability, elemental partitioning, and mechanical properties of alloys from this system. Alloys were produced through arc melting followed by heat treatment. Multi-scale characterization techniques and hardness testing were employed to characterize their microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Alterations in such properties or in elemental partitioning behavior were then explained through thermodynamic modeling. A modest addition of 1.8 at. pct Mo had a strong effect on the microstructure and thermal stability: it minimized microstructural coarsening during heat treatments while not significantly decreasing theγ′ solvus temperature. A reduction of Nb by 0.6 at. pct strongly reduced theγ″ volume fraction, without affecting theγ′ volume fraction. The reduced precipitate fraction led to a significant reduction in alloy hardness. Fe, added to achieve better processability and reduced material cost, decreased theγ′ solvus temperature and caused rapid microstructural coarsening during heat treatments, without affecting alloy hardness. A reduction of Al by 0.4 at. pct reduced theγ′ volume fraction and theγ′ solvus temperature, also without affecting alloy hardness. The addition of 0.9 at. pct W decreased theγ′ solvus temperature but increased both precipitate volume fractions. These data will be invaluable to optimize current alloy design and to inform future alloy design efforts.

Graphical Abstract
The Potential of Structural Batteries for Commuter Aircraft Hybridization
Authors: Di Mauro Gennaro , Corcione Salvatore , Cusati Vincenzo , Marciello Valerio , Guida Michele , Nicolosi Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

Electric or hybrid electric propulsion systems have received a great deal of attention in recent years in various branches of transportation including aviation. Europe is committed to the ambitious goals of reducing CO2 emissions by 75%, NOx emissions by 90% and perceived noise by two-thirds by the year 2050 compared to the average new aircraft of the year 2000. The main barrier of the electric propulsion is bound to the battery limits in terms of energy and power densities, thus determining a relevant negative impact on payload or aircraft size. It is possible to design and fly an electrically propelled aircraft, as testified by some existing examples, both prototypical and production models, in the categories of ultralight and general aviation aircraft. A novel technology, which allows the electrification process toward heavier categories of aircraft, is constituted by structural batteries. These are similar in structure to carbon fiber composites, where the matrix features dielectric characteristics, making the structure capable of storing electric energy while retaining the capability to withstand mechanical loads. Despite that, it raises relevant issues concerning aircraft sizing procedures that need to be conceived considering the specific characteristics of such multifunctional technology. This research work aims to evaluate the potential benefits the structural batteries have on the fuel burn for a 11-seater commuter aircraft. According to the envisaged technologies (structural batteries), this work will focus on the determination of the best hybridization factors determining the energy requirements for the typical mission of a commuter aircraft.
A Two-Tier GAN Architecture for Conditioned Expressions Synthesis on Categorical Emotions
Authors: Lambiase Paolo Domenico , Rossi Alessandra , Rossi Silvia
Published: March 2023

Emotions are an effective communication mode during human–human and human–robot interactions. However, while humans can easily understand other people’s emotions, and they are able to show emotions with natural facial expressions, robot-simulated emotions still represent an open challenge also due to a lack of naturalness and variety of possible expressions. In this direction, we present a two-tier Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) architecture that generates facial expressions starting from categorical emotions (e.g. joy, sadness, etc.) to obtain a variety of synthesised expressions for each emotion. The proposed approach combines the key features of Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGAN) and GANimation, overcoming their limits by allowing fine modelling of facial expressions, and generating a wide range of expressions for each class (i.e., discrete emotion). The architecture is composed of two modules for generating a synthetic Action Units (AU, i.e., a coding mechanism representing facial muscles and their activation) vector conditioned on a given emotion, and for applying an AU vector to a given image. The overall model is capable of modifying an image of a human face by modelling the facial expression to show a specific discrete emotion. Qualitative and quantitative measurements have been performed to evaluate the ability of the network to generate a variety of expressions that are consistent with the conditioned emotion. Moreover, we also collected people’s responses about the quality and the legibility of the produced expressions by showing them applied to images and a social robot.
The potential impact of COVID-19 disease caused multi-organ injuries on patients' surgical outcomes
Authors: Rampes Sanketh , Ma Daqing
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To provide an expert commentary on the impact of prior COVID-19 infection on patient’s surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery. To highlight the need for greater focus on peri-operative care of patients who have recovered from COVID-19.

Methods

A narrative review of the literature was conducted by searching Pubmed and EMBASE for relevant articles using keywords such as “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “surgery” and “peri-operative infection”.

Results

Post-COVID-19 condition also known as long COVID has an estimated incidence of between 3.0 to 11.7%. COVID-19 has been shown to cause a series of short and long-term sequelae including cardiopulmonary complications, renal impairment, chronic fatigue and muscular deconditioning. Peri-operative infection with COVID-19 is associated with increased peri-operative mortality. Elective surgery patients who developed COVID-19 were 26 times more likely to die whilst in hospital compared to controls without COVID-19 infection, and for emergency surgery patients with COVID-19 infection were six times more likely to die. A large international prospective cohort study identified that patients who had surgery delayed over 7 weeks from the date of COVID-19 infection had no increased 30-day postoperative mortality, except those with ongoing symptoms.

Conclusions

COVID-19 infection and its complications have been shown to adversely affect surgical outcomes. Further research is required to better characterise long COVID and the long-term sequelae that develop, which should be used to guide comprehensive peri-operative assessment of patients.

Graphical Abstract
Musicking Shakespeare
Authors: Albright Daniel
Published: March 2023

Demonstrates how Purcell, Berlioz, Verdi, and Britten, responding to Shakespeare's juxtaposition of contrasting theatrical styles, devised music dramas that call opera into question.
The Art of Musical Phrasing in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Vial Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Practical suggestions, and documentary evidence, for performers wishing to understand the gestures and nuances embedded in eighteenth-century musical notation.
Mozart's Così fan tutte
Authors: Woodfield Ian
Published: March 2023

A groundbreaking new approach proposes answers to many of the opera's unresolved questions.
Validation of PANS and effects of ground and wheel motion on the aerodynamic behaviours of a square-back van
Authors: Wang Jiabin , Minelli Guglielmo , Cafiero Gioacchino , Iuso Gaetano , He Kan , Basara Branislav , Gao Guangjun , Krajnović Sinisa
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the effects of the moving ground and rotating wheels on the turbulent flow around a 1/10 scaled square-back van model. A comprehensive comparison among the partially averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS), large eddy simulation (LES) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) involving the aerodynamic drag, the wake topology, the velocity and the Reynolds stress profiles in the wake region is conducted. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) are applied to the shear layers shedding from the trailing edges to comment on the coherent structures and their frequency content. The Reynolds number for both simulations and experiments is set to Re = 2.5 × 105 based on the inlet velocity

${U_{inf}} = 9\;\textrm{m}\;{\textrm{s}^{ - 1}}$

and the width of the model W = 0.17 m. The results show that PANS accurately predicts the flow field measured in experiments and predicted by a resolved LES, even with a low-resolution grid. The superiority of the PANS approach could provide good guidance for industrial research in predicting the turbulent flow around the square-back van model with affordable computational grids. The ground and wheel motion mechanism on the aerodynamic forces has been revealed by analysing the surface pressure distribution, the wheels’ surrounding flow, the underbody flow characteristics and the turbulent wake structures. The effects of the ground and wheel motion on the frequency, evolution and development characteristics of the wake shear layers are analysed, thus providing relevant insights for future experimental investigations of square-back van models.
Reduction in hippocampal GABAergic transmission in a low birth weight rat model of depression
Authors: Dósa Zita , Nieto-Gonzalez Jose Luis , Elfving Betina , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Holm Mai Marie , Wegener Gregers , Jensen Kimmo
Published: March 2023

Prenatal stress is believed to increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depression. Adverse genetic and environmental impacts during early development, such as glucocorticoid hyper-exposure, can lead to changes in the foetal brain, linked to mental illnesses developed in later life. Dysfunction in the GABAergic inhibitory system is associated with depressive disorders. However, the pathophysiology of GABAergic signalling is poorly understood in mood disorders. Here, we investigated GABAergic neurotransmission in the low birth weight (LBW) rat model of depression. Pregnant rats, exposed to dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, during the last week of gestation, yielded LBW offspring showing anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour in adulthood. Patch-clamp recordings from dentate gyrus granule cells in brain slices were used to examine phasic and tonic GABAA receptor-mediated currents. The transcriptional levels of selected genes associated with synaptic vesicle proteins and GABAergic neurotransmission were investigated. The frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) was similar in control and LBW rats. Using a paired-pulse protocol to stimulate GABAergic fibres impinging onto granule cells, we found indications of decreased probability of GABA release in LBW rats. However, tonic GABAergic currents and miniature IPSCs, reflecting quantal vesicle release, appeared normal. Additionally, we found elevated expression levels of two presynaptic proteins, Snap-25 and Scamp2, components of the vesicle release machinery. The results suggest that altered GABA release may be an essential feature in the depressive-like phenotype of LBW rats.
An otolaryngological tour of Vesalius’De Humani Corporis Fabrica
Authors: Conroy Katherine R
Published: March 2023

Background

Andreas Vesalius published his famous anatomy book,De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septum(On the Fabric of the Body in Seven Books), in 1543, with a second edition in 1555. This article explores the importance of this text to contemporary ENT, by demonstrating Vesalius’ fresh, precise and hands-on approach to anatomy, and examines how this developed our understanding of ENT.

Methods

A second edition ofDe Humani Corporis Fabrica, held in John Rylands Library, University of Manchester, was examined in its digitised form and supplemented by secondary texts.

Results and discussion

Where Vesalius’ predecessors were rigid in their interpretation of anatomy, confined to the instruction of the Ancients, Vesalius showed that these teachings could be analysed and built on with careful observation. This is evident in his illustrations of, and annotations on, the skull base, ossicles and thyroid gland.
Evaluating a neglected tradition of (Ana)baptist Christology
Authors: Holmes Stephen R.
Published: March 2023

Oosterbaan identified a tradition of Anabaptist christology running from Ziegler in Strassborg in the 1520s to Menno Simons in the 1550s. I demonstrate that this tradition continued until at least around 1700, first amongst the Waterlander Mennonites in the Netherlands, and then amongst the English General Baptists. I sketch the development and diversity of the tradition, and then ask whether it might be considered ‘orthodox’, and whether reflecting on the scholarly reception of this tradition might help academic theologians to engage better with marginalised Christian communities today.
Transcatheter systemic atrioventricular valve-in-valve implantation in a congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries patient
Authors: de Carvalho Miguel Martins , Machado Ana Paula , Rodrigues Rui André , Silva João Carlos , Cruz Cristina , Macedo Filipe
Published: March 2023

We present an asymptomatic pregnant patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and severe atrioventricular bioprosthesis regurgitation – with increased maternal and fetal risk due to volume overload. She was considered high risk for reintervention and was submitted to an off-label post-partum transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation with a Sapiens 3 valve. The procedure was successful, and she remains asymptomatic 30 months after – and even went through another successful pregnancy.
Longitudinal Reading Measures and Genome Imputation in the National Child Development Study: Prospects for Future Reading Research
Authors: Bridges Elinor C. , Rayner N. William , Mountford Hayley S. , Bates Timothy C. , Luciano Michelle
Published: March 2023

Reading difficulties are prevalent worldwide, including in economically developed countries, and are associated with low academic achievement and unemployment. Longitudinal studies have identified several early childhood predictors of reading ability, but studies frequently lack genotype data that would enable testing of predictors with heritable influences. The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a UK birth cohort study containing direct reading skill variables at every data collection wave from age 7 years through to adulthood with a subsample (finaln= 6431) for whom modern genotype data are available. It is one of the longest running UK cohort studies for which genotyped data are currently available and is a rich dataset with excellent potential for future phenotypic and gene-by-environment interaction studies in reading. Here, we carry out imputation of the genotype data to the Haplotype Reference Panel, an updated reference panel that offers greater imputation quality. Guiding phenotype choice, we report a principal components analysis of nine reading variables, yielding a composite measure of reading ability in the genotyped sample. We include recommendations for use of composite scores and the most reliable variables for use during childhood when conducting longitudinal, genetically sensitive analyses of reading ability.
Hippies Next to Right-Wing Extremists?
Authors: Liekefett Luisa , Bürner Ann-Kathrin , Becker Julia C.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: To reduce the spread of COVID-19, adherence to protective measures was crucial around the world. While most complied with these measures, a vocal minority protested against them. Early reports emphasized the unusual heterogeneity of these protests: Hippies and esoterics marched alongside conspiracy theorists and neo-Nazis. We examined what these protestors might (and might not) have in common. A large study with antilockdown protestors in Germany ( N = 1,700) revealed four subgroups: centrists, politically undifferentiated, left-wingers, and right-wingers. Beyond that, these subgroups demonstrated striking similarities: All endorsed conspiracy beliefs, misinformation, esotericism, and vaccine hesitancy to a similar extent. These beliefs share that they are scientifically unfounded and epistemically unwarranted. They may unite individuals from diverse political backgrounds in the antilockdown protests.
Situational Cues in Thoughts About the Future
Authors: Kristiansen Ingar Mikkola , Martiny-Huenger Torsten , Parks-Stamm Elizabeth J.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Based on stimulus–response learning accounts, we argue that including situational cues in thought about intended actions is an important aspect of self-regulation success in general and in successfully implementing delayed intentions. Accordingly, in Study 1 ( N = 328), we replicate a previous study and show a positive relationship between the self-reported inclusion of situational cues in thoughts about intended actions and beliefs of self-regulation success. In Study 2 ( N = 136), we find a similar tendency when measuring self-regulation success with an assigned task to be completed within one week. Our results fit with if-then planning perspectives on how to facilitate novel behavior and recent perspectives that attribute self-regulation success to beneficial habits.
Diversity of New Martian Crater Clusters Informs Meteoroid Atmospheric Interactions
Authors: Neidhart T. , Sansom E. K. , Miljković K. , Collins G. S. , Eschenfelder J. , Daubar I. J.
Published: March 2023

We investigated 634 crater clusters on Mars detected between 2007 and 2021, which represent more than half of all impacts discovered in this period. Crater clusters form when meteoroids in the 10 kg–10 ton mass range break up in Mars' atmosphere to produce a few to a few hundred fragments that hit the ground. The properties of the clusters can inform our understanding of meteoroid properties and the processes that govern their fragmentation. We mapped individual craters >1 m within each cluster and defined a range of cluster properties based on the spatial and size distributions of the craters. The large data set, with over eight times more cluster observations than previous work, provides a more robust statistical investigation of crater cluster parameters and their correlations. Trends in size, dispersion, and large crater fraction with elevation support weak atmospheric filtering of material. The diversity in the number of individual craters within a cluster, and their size‐frequency distributions, may reflect either a diversity in fragmentation style, fragility, or internal particle sizes.
Native Plants Are Hiding Up High, but Invaders Are Catching Up
Authors: Hasler Caroline
Published: March 2023

Far from pristine outposts of nature, mountains across the world are being rapidly colonized by non-native plants that spread uphill along roads.
What every dental practitioner should know about how to examine patients with dental implants
Authors: Barrak Fadi , Caga Daniel , Crean StJohn
Published: March 2023

Dental implants are a common treatment modality provided in both primary and secondary care settings. It is increasingly common for a general dental practitioner to see patients with implant-retained restorations. This article suggests an implant safety checklist for general dental practitioners to help them examine an implant-retained prosthesis.