bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edema de partes moles fetais e região nucal com septações: Relato de caso
Authors: Mendes Tatiana , Viana Ana Flávia , Mendes Roger William Moraes
Published: November 2023

Durante o período pré-natal, são conduzidos uma série de exames cruciais com o intuito de prevenir e detectar precocemente possíveis patologias que possam afetar a saúde da mãe e do feto. Entre esses exames, destaca-se o ultrassom morfológico DE 1° trimestre, fundamental para avaliar a medida da translucência nucal (TN). Quando a TN se apresenta com um valor inferior a 2,5 mm, considera-se dentro dos padrões de normalidade. No entanto, à medida que essa medida aumenta, o risco de aneuploidias cresce, variando de 0,3% em casos abaixo de 3,5 mm para um notável aumento, atingindo 64% quando a medida ultrapassa 6,5 mm. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo relatar um caso que envolveu alterações na translucência nucal de um feto com 11 semanas de gestação. Essas alterações foram inicialmente descritas como edema de partes moles fetais e a presença de septações na região nucal, porém, mais adiante, não foram mais identificadas durante o segundo exame. O presente trabalho trata-se de um relato de caso, tendo como protagonista uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 33 anos de idade e em sua primeira gestação. Além disso, este estudo detalhará o acompanhamento pré-natal da paciente, documentando-o desde as primeiras semanas de gravidez até o momento do parto, proporcionando uma visão abrangente e aprofundada das implicações clínicas envolvidas nesse caso específico, mostrando que mesmo frente a alterações de imagem, podemos ter um bebê saudável sem repercussões em seu organismo mesmo tendo uma TN alterada.
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI RESOURCE UPAYA PENINGKATAN LAYANAN DAN MANAJEMEN DATA PERKUBURAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Kurniawan Helmi , Yusfrizal Yusfrizal , Tanjung Yahya , Nasution Farhan Sya'Bandi , Syahputra Muhammad Andy
Published: November 2023

The Badan Pengelola Perkuburan Islam (BPPI)  is an organization that manages cemeteries and provides burial service facilities to the community. BPPI in managing cemetery data experiences problems in data management and cemetery information service facilities are not updated and are slow. The facts found by the PKM team when visiting BPPI were the lack of data management knowledge and skills in using information technology to manage data and service facilities for the community. These findings prove that BPPI has not implemented information technology in managing cemetery data. Based on these findings, the implementing team has prepared a series of activities using structured training and mentoring methods through Community Based Empowerment (PBM) activities. PBM activities are expected to optimize the application of resource information technology and data management training with information technology as an effort to increase the knowledge and skills of BPPI administrators in managing cemetery data. By implementing hybrid-based resource information technology, administrators are helped in managing cemetery data management and the public can use hybrid-based applications to search and find information on cemetery locations online so that cemetery information services are provided more quickly and accurately. The results that have been achieved from PBM activities are an increase in knowledge by 81.93% and an increase in skills for BPPI administrators by 74.37%.
Comparison of four histological scoring systems for autoimmune hepatitis to improve diagnostic sensitivity
Authors: Ahn Soomin , Jeong Sook-Hyang , Cho Eun Ju , Lee Kyoungbun , Kim Gilhyang , Kim Haeryoung
Published: November 2023

Background/Aims: The histological criteria in the 1999 and 2008 scoring systems proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) have their inherent limitations in diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In this study, we evaluated the histology components of four scoring systems (1. revised original scoring system [“1999 IAIHG”], 2. simplified scoring system [“2008 IAIHG”], 3. modified histologic criteria [“2017 UCSF”], and 4. a new histologic criteria proposed by the International AIH Pathology Group [“2022 IAHPG”]) in AIH patients.Methods: Medical records and liver biopsies were retrospectively reviewed for 68 patients from two independent medical institutions, diagnosed with AIH based on the 1999 IAIHG system between 2006 and 2016. The histological features were reviewed in detail, and the four histological scoring systems were compared.Results: Out of the 68 patients, 56 (82.4%) patients met the “probable” or “definite” AIH criteria of the 2008 IAIHG system, and the proportion of histologic score 2 (maximum) was 40/68 (58.8%). By applying the 2017 UCSF criteria, the number of histology score 2 increased to 60/68 (88.2%), and “probable” or “definite” AIH cases increased to 61/68 (89.7%). Finally, applying the 2022 IAHPG histology score resulted in the highest number of cases with histologic score 2 (64/68; 94.1%) and with a diagnosis of “probable” or “definite” AIH (62/68; 91.2%).Conclusions: The recently proposed UCSF/IAHPG histological criteria increased the histology score of AIH. Substituting the histology component of the 2008 IAIHG system with the 2022 IAHPG criteria increased the sensitivity for diagnosing AIH (≥“Probable AIH”) from 82.4% to 91.2%.
Widespread ciliate and dinoflagellate mixotrophy may contribute to ecosystem resilience in a subarctic sea: the northern Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Strom SL , Bright KJ , Fredrickson KA
Published: November 2023

Mixotrophy among ciliates and dinoflagellates in the northern Gulf of Alaska (NGA) was widespread during spring and summer, with mixotrophs contributing a median of 38 to 61% of total ciliate plus dinoflagellate biomass depending on season and year. The proportional contribution of mixotrophs was higher during a heatwave year (2019) than during a year of average temperatures (2018). The most common mixotrophic ciliates included Mesodinium spp. and several of 8 observed Strombidium species, while for dinoflagellates, the most common mixotrophs were Gymnodinium-like cells and Tripos (formerly Ceratium) spp. Onshore-offshore distribution gradients were seen mainly in summer when elevated freshwater inputs create a horizontal salinity gradient. A nearshore mixotroph assemblage consisted of nutritionally related Mesodinium spp. and dinoflagellate Dinophysis, as well as Tripos spp., while an offshore assemblage included Tontonia-like ciliates and dinoflagellates including Gymnodinium-like cells and Torodinium robustum. An 11 yr time series with lower taxonomic resolution revealed seasonality in some taxa and showed near-complete loss of Mesodinium spp. and Tontonia-like species during the longer 2014-2016 North Pacific marine heatwave. The constellation of nutritional strategies represented by NGA mixotrophs may be an important component of lower trophic level resilience to marine heatwaves, while high mixotroph contribution to ciliate plus dinoflagellate biomass may increase trophic transfer efficiency and contribute to high fisheries yields.
Богадільні як благочинні установи соціального захисту українського населення ХІХ ст.
Authors: Borodenko Olena , Sitarchuk Roman
Published: November 2023

Мета дослідження. У статті, за матеріалами інформаційно-довідкових і церковно-статистичних джерел, досліджуються богадільні як богоугодні заклади соціального захисту українського населення ХІХ ст.

Наукова новизна роботи. Представлена проблема залишається маловивченою в сучасному багатовекторному полі вітчизняної гуманітаристики й актуальною в сенсі дослідження зростаючих суспільних тенденцій ушановування християнської благочинності, милосердя, толерантного ставлення до маргінальних осіб та інститутів дитинства, материнства, удівства, старості, жебрацтва, байстрюківства тощо.

Методологічний та джерельний інструментарій дослідження. Інтелектуальний продукт міждисциплінарної спрямованості з упровадженням методологічних засад антропологічного, квантитативного та компаративного підходу, якими, насамперед, послуговується історична демографія.

Результати дослідження. Заклади соціального захисту започатковані поширенням християнських цінностей серед людських спільнот. Богадільні впроваджувалися нормами цивільного законодавства у XVIII ст., проте функції соціального утримання маргінальних елементів українського населення переважно виконували монастирі. Благочинні установи такого типу набули поширення у ХІХ ст. У богадільні приймалися паспортизовані калічні, похилого віку, безхатні, без наявних родичів або ті особи, які потребували особливого медичного догляду. Утриманцями могли бути представники всіх станів і віросповідань. Обмеження щодо вступу мали поміщицькі селяни. Богадільні підпорядковувалися Приказам громадського піклування або земствам. Призначувані керівники відповідали за господарську, фінансову, організаційну та медичну напрями діяльності. Богадільні різнилися за релігійною ознакою, існували осібно або в складі комплексів богоугодних закладів. Виокремлювалися чоловіча та жіноча частини. Чисельно маскулінне представництво переважало фемінне. Більшість складали особи продуктивного віку від 15 до 64 років. Кількісне співвідношення у статевовікових групах утриманців залежало від їхнього соціального походження. Із-поміж чоловіків переважали відставні військові особи (солдати і офіцери), серед жінок ‒ удови, солдатки, або офіцерські дружини.
Need for disease resistance breeding against Corynespora cassiicola in crops
Authors: Sierra-Orozco Edgar , Sandoya German , Lee Seonghee , Vallad Gary , Hutton Samuel
Published: November 2023

Corynespora cassiicola (Cc) is a genetically diverse ascomycete found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Cc causes necrotrophic diseases in several plant species, including important crops such as rubber tree, tomato, cotton, and cucumber. Evidence suggests the involvement of one or more Cc host-specific toxins in disease progression. Management of Cc crop diseases is based mainly on pesticide sprays. However, the pathogen’s development of resistance to commonly used fungicides is documented. Resistance breeding is an attractive alternative or supplement to chemical control of Cc crop diseases, but research on this topic is very limited. This review describes the current plant resistance breeding efforts towards Cc resistance and discusses the potential influence of host-specific toxins (HSTs) on such efforts. Although some reports of host resistance exist in a few crops, resistant germplasm and knowledge about resistance mechanisms are limited. Some studies have suggested the involvement of HSTs in disease development, including the upregulation of resistance-related proteins in susceptible reactions and the recessive nature of resistance. In light of this, host resistance may not be achieved through commonly used dominant R-genes.
Relationship between higher estrus-associated temperatures and the bovine preovulatory follicular fluid metabolome
Authors: Pollock Abigayle B. , Moorey Sarah E. , Hessock Emma A. , Klabnik Jessica L. , Payton Rebecca R. , Schrick F. Neal , Campagna Shawn R. , Edwards J. Lannett
Published: November 2023

Introduction

A higher estrus-associated temperature (HEAT) is a hallmark feature in sexually active females; however, its functional importance is unclear. Our objective was to examine the relationship between HEAT and the preovulatory follicular fluid metabolome. It was hypothesized that HEAT is functionally important as it affects fertility-related components in the preovulatory follicle.

Methods

Estrus was synchronized in non-lactating Jersey cows. A Thermochron iButton temperature data logger was affixed to blank controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices and intravaginally inserted after CIDR device removal. The follicular fluid was aspirated 14.9 h + 3.3 h after an animal first stood to be mounted. Regression models were performed using metabolite abundance and HEAT variables. Best-fit models were determined using backward manual selection (p < 0.05).

Results

A total of 86 metabolites were identified in cow follicular fluid samples. The vaginal temperature at first mount and when it was expressed as a change from baseline was positively related to the abundance of four metabolites (i.e., taurine, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, glycine, and cysteine) and negatively related to one metabolite (i.e., serine). The vaginal temperature at the first standing mount was related to the differential abundance of two metabolites (i.e., jasmonate and N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate). Three metabolites were related to the maximum vaginal temperature (i.e., N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate, uracil, and glycodeoxycholate). When expressed as a change from baseline, the maximum vaginal temperature was related to the differential abundances of uracil, uric acid, and 6-phospho-D-gluconate. The time taken to reach maximum vaginal temperature was related to N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate, glycodeoxycholate, jasmonate, and tricarballylic acid. Pertaining to the combination of HEAT and its duration, the area under the curve associated with the time between the first increase in vaginal temperature and the maximum vaginal temperature was related to 6-phospho-D-gluconate, sulfolactate, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartate. The area under the curve associated with the time between the initial vaginal temperature increase and up to 10 h after a cow first stood to be mounted or when a cow’s temperature returned to baseline was related to the differential abundances of uracil, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, methionine sulfoxide, and taurodeoxycholate.

Discussion

Our findings support the notion that HEAT is related to changes in the preovulatory follicular fluid metabolites involved in energy metabolism, thermoregulation, and oxidative stress management.
An algorithm for drug discovery based on deep learning with an example of developing a drug for the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Chebanov Dmitrii K. , Misyurin Vsevolod A. , Shubina Irina Zh.
Published: November 2023

In this study, we present an algorithmic framework integrated within the created software platform tailored for the discovery of novel small-molecule anti-tumor agents. Our approach was exemplified in the context of combatting lung cancer. In the initial phase, target identification for therapeutic intervention was accomplished. Leveraging deep learning, we scrutinized gene expression profiles, focusing on those associated with adverse clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients. Augmenting this, generative adversarial neural (GAN) networks were employed to amass additional patient data. This effort yielded a subset of genes definitively linked to unfavorable prognoses. We further employed deep learning to delineate genes capable of discriminating between normal and tumor tissues based on expression patterns. The remaining genes were earmarked as potential targets for precision lung cancer therapy. Subsequently, a dedicated module was formulated to predict the interactions between inhibitors and proteins. To achieve this, protein amino acid sequences and chemical compound formulations engaged in protein interactions were encoded into vectorized representations. Additionally, a deep learning-based component was developed to forecast IC50 values through experimentation on cell lines. Virtual pre-clinical trials employing these inhibitors facilitated the selection of pertinent cell lines for subsequent laboratory assays. In summary, our study culminated in the derivation of several small-molecule formulas projected to bind selectively to specific proteins. This algorithmic platform holds promise in accelerating the identification and design of anti-tumor compounds, a critical pursuit in advancing targeted cancer therapies.
Prediction of posterior elevation stability in keratoconus
Authors: Han Xiaosong , Shen Yang , Gu Dantong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Sun Ling , Chen Zhi , Zhou Xingtao
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the features of progressive keratoconus by means of machine learning.

Methods: In total, 163 eyes from 127 patients with at least 3 examination records were enrolled in this study. Pentacam HR was used to measure corneal topography. Steepest meridian keratometry (K1), flattest meridian keratometry (K2), steepest anterior keratometry (Kmax), central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior radius of cornea (ARC), posterior elevation (PE), index of surface variation (ISV), and index of height deviation (IHD) were input for analysis. Support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression analysis were applied to construct prediction models.

Results: Age, PE, and IHD showed statistically significant differences as the follow-up period extended. K2, PE, and ARC were selected for model construction. Logistic regression analysis presented a mean area under the curve (AUC) score of 0.780, while SVM presented a mean AUC of 0.659. The prediction sensitivity of SVM was 52.9%, and specificity was 79.0%.

Conclusion: It is feasible to use machine learning to predict the progression and prognosis of keratoconus. Posterior elevation exhibits a sensitive prediction effect.
Biomechanical validation of novel Nuss procedure simulations for patients with various morphological types of pectus excavatum
Authors: Lim Beop-Yong , I Hoseok , Lee Chiseung
Published: November 2023

A novel Nuss procedure simulation was developed for patients with pectus excavatum considering the displacement of a metal bar and a chest wall model, including the intercostal muscles. However, this simulation was developed for a typical symmetrical patient among the various morphological types of pectus excavatum. Accordingly, this study aimed to validate and confirm the novel simulation for patients with eccentric and imbalanced types, which are severe types of pectus excavatum, considering factors such as depression depth and eccentricity among others. Three-dimensional models of chest walls and metal bars were created for three different types of patients. The rotation-equilibrium displacement and chest wall with intercostal muscles were set according to the methods and conditions of the novel Nuss procedure simulation. The anterior sternal translation and the Haller index derived from the simulation results were compared and verified using medical data from actual postoperative patients. Additionally, maximum equivalent stresses and strains were derived to confirm the suitability of the novel Nuss procedure for each patient type. The severe types had similar precision to the typical type when compared to the actual postoperative patient. Relatively high maximum equivalent stresses and strains were observed on the metal bars and sternum in the severe type, thereby predicting and confirming the biomechanical characteristics of these types. In conclusion, a novel Nuss procedure simulation for severe types was numerically validated. This underscores the importance of biomechanical evaluation through a novel Nuss procedure simulation when planning actual surgeries for severe types of cases.
Harnessing joint distraction for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Peng Liqing , Li Runmeng , Xu Shengxi , Ding Keyuan , Wu Yan , Li Hao , Wang Yong
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as a prevalent degenerative joint ailment, demanding immediate attention towards the development of efficacious therapeutic interventions. Presently, a definitive cure for OA remains elusive, and when conservative treatment modalities prove ineffective, resorting to a joint prosthesis becomes imperative. Temporary distraction emerges as a pivotal joint-preserving intervention in human OA patients, conferring both clinical amelioration and structural enhancements. Although extant clinical investigations exist, they are characterized by relatively modest sample sizes. Nonetheless, these studies furnish compelling evidence affirming that joint distraction engenders sustained clinical amelioration and structural refinement. Despite substantial strides in the last decade, a bibliometric analysis of joint distraction within the realm of osteoarthritis treatment research has been conspicuously absent. In this context, we have undertaken a comparative investigation utilizing bibliometric methodologies to scrutinize the landscape of joint distraction within osteoarthritis treatment. Our comprehensive analysis encompassed 469 scholarly articles. Our findings evince a consistent escalation in global research interest and publication output pertaining to this subject. The United States emerged as the frontrunner in international collaboration, publication count, and citation frequency, underscoring its preeminence in this domain. The journal “Osteoarthritis and Cartilage” emerged as the principal platform for disseminating research output on this subject. Notably, Mastbergen SC emerged as the most prolific contributor in terms of authorship. The identified keywords predominantly revolved around non-surgical interventions and joint arthroscopy procedures. This bibliometric analysis, augmented by visual representations, furnishes invaluable insights into the evolutionary trajectory of joint distraction as an osteoarthritis treatment modality spanning from 2003 to 2023. These insights will serve as a compass for the scientific community, facilitating further exploration in this promising domain.
Micro/nanorobots for remediation of water resources and aquatic life
Authors: Wang Haocheng , Jing Yizhan , Yu Jiuzheng , Ma Bo , Sui Mingyang , Zhu Yanhe , Dai Lizhou , Yu Shimin , Li Mu , Wang Lin
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, global water scarcity is becoming a pressing issue, and the discharge of various pollutants leads to the biological pollution of water bodies, which further leads to the poisoning of living organisms. Consequently, traditional water treatment methods are proving inadequate in addressing the growing demands of various industries. As an effective and eco-friendly water treatment method, micro/nanorobots is making significant advancements. Based on researches conducted between 2019 and 2023 in the field of water pollution using micro/nanorobots, this paper comprehensively reviews the development of micro/nanorobots in water pollution control from multiple perspectives, including propulsion methods, decontamination mechanisms, experimental techniques, and water monitoring. Furthermore, this paper highlights current challenges and provides insights into the future development of the industry, providing guidance on biological water pollution control.
Biomaterials recycling: a promising pathway to sustainability
Authors: Wiśniewska Paulina , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Bencherif Sidi A.
Published: November 2023

Biomaterials undergo a transformative journey, from their origin as renewable resources to the manufacturing plants where they are processed and stored, until they fulfill their intended therapeutic or diagnostic purposes and become medical waste. However, during this life cycle, biomaterials can be susceptible to contamination and subsequent degradation through various mechanisms such as hydro-mechanical, thermal, or biochemical processes in water, soil, or air. These factors raise significant concerns regarding biological safety. Additional complexities arise from the potential amalgamation of biomaterials with other materials, either of the same kind or different types. Use of biomaterials influences their porosity, surface chemistry, and structural strength, and these factors affect biomaterials’ reusability. Given the multitude of materials, processing parameters, sustainability requirements, and the limitation of natural resources, the recycling of biomaterials becomes necessary. Unfortunately, this topic has received limited attention thus far. In this context, this perspective provides a brief overview, analysis, and classification of reports on biomaterials recycling, aiming to initiate a discussion on this frequently overlooked subject. We highlight the challenges related to energy consumption and environmental pollution. However, the lack of established protocols and reporting on biomaterials recycling prevents a comprehensive understanding of these challenges and potential solutions. Nevertheless, addressing these issues can lead to more efficient resource use and reduced environmental impact in the field of biomaterials.
Numerical modeling and validation of earthquake soil structure interaction: a 12-story building in Ventura, California
Authors: Yang Han , Wang Hexiang , Jeremić Boris
Published: November 2023

Presented is a validation study for high fidelity numerical modeling of earthquake soil structure interaction (ESSI) for a building, hotel structure in Ventura, California. A detailed finite element (FE) model of the ESSI system, featuring the 12-story concrete structure, pile group foundation, and underlying soil, is developed using the Real-ESSI Simulator (Jeremić et al., The Real-ESSI Simulator System 1988–2022, 2022a). The domain reduction method (DRM) (Bielak et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 817–824; Yoshimura et al., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2003, 93(2), 825–841) is used to apply seismic loads, in this case the 1994 Northridge earthquake motions. Direct comparison between simulation results and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) recordings shows a high level of agreement in acceleration and displacement responses at all instrumented locations. Sensitivity study on a number of modeling choices and analysis parameters is conducted to investigate controlling factors for the ESSI response. For example, the soil-structure interaction effect and structural damping ratios are shown to have significant influence on system dynamic response. In addition, the soil inelasticity is shown to be highly influenced by the magnitude of seismic motion. Both effects are important for validation as they contribute to sensitivity of response to parametric variability.
m6A demethylase FTO and osteoporosis: potential therapeutic interventions
Authors: Huang Mei , Guo Jianmin , Liu Lifei , Jin Haiming , Chen Xi , Zou Jun
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease, characterized by a descent in bone mass due to the dysregulation of bone homeostasis. Although different studies have identified an association between osteoporosis and epigenetic alterations in osteogenic genes, the mechanisms of osteoporosis remain unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a methylated adenosine nucleotide, which regulates the translocation, exporting, translation, and decay of RNA. FTO is the first identified m6A demethylase, which eliminates m6A modifications from RNAs. Variation in FTO disturbs m6A methylation in RNAs to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Besides, FTO as an obesity-associated gene, also affects osteogenesis by regulating adipogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of FTO markedly altered bone mass, bone mineral density and the distribution of adipose tissue. Small molecules which modulate FTO function are potentially novel remedies to the treatment of osteoporosis by adjusting the m6A levels. This article reviews the roles of m6A demethylase FTO in regulating bone metabolism and osteoporosis.
Canonical Wnt and TGF-β/BMP signaling enhance melanocyte regeneration but suppress invasiveness, migration, and proliferation of melanoma cells
Authors: Katkat Esra , Demirci Yeliz , Heger Guillaume , Karagulle Doga , Papatheodorou Irene , Brazma Alvis , Ozhan Gunes
Published: November 2023

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and develops from the melanocytes that are responsible for the pigmentation of the skin. The skin is also a highly regenerative organ, harboring a pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells that proliferate and differentiate into mature melanocytes during regenerative processes in the adult. Melanoma and melanocyte regeneration share remarkable cellular features, including activation of cell proliferation and migration. Yet, melanoma considerably differs from the regenerating melanocytes with respect to abnormal proliferation, invasive growth, and metastasis. Thus, it is likely that at the cellular level, melanoma resembles early stages of melanocyte regeneration with increased proliferation but separates from the later melanocyte regeneration stages due to reduced proliferation and enhanced differentiation. Here, by exploiting the zebrafish melanocytes that can efficiently regenerate and be induced to undergo malignant melanoma, we unravel the transcriptome profiles of the regenerating melanocytes during early and late regeneration and the melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Our global comparison of the gene expression profiles of melanocyte regeneration and nevi/melanoma uncovers the opposite regulation of a substantial number of genes related to Wnt signaling and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/(bone morphogenetic protein) BMP signaling pathways between regeneration and cancer. Functional activation of canonical Wnt or TGF-β/BMP pathways during melanocyte regeneration promoted melanocyte regeneration but potently suppressed the invasiveness, migration, and proliferation of human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the opposite regulation of signaling mechanisms between melanocyte regeneration and melanoma can be exploited to stop tumor growth and develop new anti-cancer therapies.
Crosstalk between septic shock and venous thromboembolism: a bioinformatics and immunoassay analysis
Authors: Li Zhishu , Wang Chaolan , Zhang Xu , Xu Xiaolin , Wang Meng , Dong Lixia
Published: November 2023

Background

Herein, we applied bioinformatics methods to analyze the crosstalk between septic shock (SS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE), focusing on the correlation with immune infiltrating cells.

Methods

Expression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including blood samples from SS patients (datasets GSE64457, GSE95233, and GSE57065) and VTE patients (GSE19151). We used the R package “limma” for differential expression analysis (p value<0.05,∣logFC∣≥1). Venn plots were generated to identify intersected differential genes between SS and VTE and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of intersected genes was constructed by Cytoscape software. The xCell analysis identified immune cells with significant changes in VTE and SS and correlated them with significant molecular pathways of crosstalk. Finally, we validated the mRNA expression of crosstalk genes by qPCR, while Matrix Metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) protein levels were assessed through Western blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice.

Results

In the present study, we conducted a comparison between 88 patients with septic shock and 55 control subjects. Additionally, we compared 70 patients with venous thromboembolism to 63 control subjects. Twelve intersected genes and their corresponding three important molecular pathways were obtained: Metabolic, Estrogen, and FOXO signaling pathways. The resulting PPI network has 194 nodes and 388 edges. The immune microenvironment analysis of the two diseases showed that the infiltration levels of M2 macrophages and Class-switched memory B cells were correlated with the enrichment scores of metabolic, estrogen, and FOXO signaling pathways. Finally, qPCR confirmed that the expression of MMP9, S100A12, ARG1, SLPI, and ANXA3 mRNA in the SS with VTE group was significantly elevated. WB and IHC experiments revealed that MMP9 protein was significantly elevated in the experimental group.

Conclusion

Metabolic, estrogen, and FOXO pathways play important roles in both SS and VTE and are related to the immune cell microenvironment of M2 macrophages and Class-switched memory B cells. MMP9 shows promise as a biomarker for diagnosing sepsis with venous thrombosis and a potential molecular target for treating this patient population.
Long-term cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with bladder cancer: a real-world retrospective study of 129,765 cases based on the SEER database
Authors: Liao Jia , Zhou Zihua
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Among 28 cancer types, bladder cancer (BC) patients have the highest risk of dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to identify the independent risk factors and develop a novel nomogram for predicting long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with BC.

Methods

We extracted data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC) between 2000 and 2017. The cumulative incidence function (CIF) was computed for both CVD-related death and other causes of death. Then we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to explore the independent risk factors and further develop a novel nomogram to predict cardiovascular mortality at 5- and 10-year for patients with BC by using the Fine-Gray competing risk model. The efficacy of the developed nomogram was assessed by the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

A total of 12,9765 patients were randomly divided into training (n = 90,835, 70%), and validation (n = 38,930, 30%) cohorts. During the follow-up period, 31,862 (46.4%) patients died from BC, and 36793 (53.6%) patients died from non-BC, of which CVD-related death accounted for 17,165 (46.7%), being the major cause of non-cancer deaths. The multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, marital status, histologic type, tumor grade, summary stage, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors of CVD-related death in BC patients. The nomogram based on the above eight factors showed good discrimination power, excellent consistency, and clinical practicability: (1) the areas under the curve of the ROC for 5- and 10-year CVD-related death of 0.725 and 0.732 in the training cohort and 0.726 and 0.734 in the validation cohort; (2) the calibration curves showed that the prediction probabilities were basically consistent with the observed probabilities; (3) the DCA curves revealed that the nomogram had high positive net benefits.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this was the first study to identify the independent risk factors and develop a novel nomogram for predicting long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with BC based on the competing risk model. Our results could help clinicians comprehensively and effectively manage the co-patient of BC and CVD, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality in BC survivors.
Optoacoustic biomarkers of lipids, hemorrhage and inflammation in carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Karlas Angelos , Fasoula Nikolina-Alexia , Kallmayer Michael , Schäffer Christoph , Angelis Georgios , Katsouli Nikoletta , Reidl Mario , Duelmer Felix , Al Adem Kenana , Hadjileontiadis Leontios , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: November 2023

Imaging plays a critical role in exploring the pathophysiology and enabling the diagnostics and therapy assessment in carotid artery disease. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine techniques have been used to extract of known characteristics of plaque vulnerability, such as inflammation, intraplaque hemorrhage and high lipid content. Despite the plethora of available techniques, there is still a need for new modalities to better characterize the plaque and provide novel biomarkers that might help to detect the vulnerable plaque early enough and before a stroke occurs. Optoacoustics, by providing a multiscale characterization of the morphology and pathophysiology of the plaque could offer such an option. By visualizing endogenous (e.g., hemoglobin, lipids) and exogenous (e.g., injected dyes) chromophores, optoacoustic technologies have shown great capability in imaging lipids, hemoglobin and inflammation in different applications and settings. Herein, we provide an overview of the main optoacoustic systems and scales of detail that enable imaging of carotid plaques in vitro, in small animals and humans. Finally, we discuss the limitations of this novel set of techniques while investigating their potential to enable a deeper understanding of carotid plaque pathophysiology and possibly improve the diagnostics in future patients with carotid artery disease.
Clinical service evaluation of the feasibility and reproducibility of novel artificial intelligence based-echocardiographic quantification of global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction in trastuzumab-treated patients
Authors: Jiang J. , Liu B. , Li Y. W. , Hothi S. S.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Cardiotoxicity is a potential prognostically important complication of certain chemotherapeutic agents that may result in preclinical or overt clinical heart failure. In some cases, chemotherapy must be withheld when left ventricular (LV) systolic function becomes significantly impaired, to protect cardiac function at the expense of a change in the oncological treatment plan, leading to associated changes in oncological prognosis. Accordingly, patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy undergo routine surveillance before, during and following completion of therapy, usually with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Recent advancements in AI-based cardiac imaging reveal areas of promise but key challenges remain. There are ongoing questions as to whether the ability of AI to detect subtle changes in individual patients is at a level equivalent to manual analysis. This raises the question as to whether AI-based left ventricular strain analysis could provide a potential solution to left ventricular systolic function analysis in a manner equivocal to or superior to conventional assessment, in a real-world clinical service. AI based automated analyses may represent a potential solution for addressing the pressure of increasing echocardiographic demands within limited service-capacity healthcare systems, in addition to facilitating more accurate diagnoses.

Methods

This clinical service evaluation aims to establish whether AI-automated analysis compared to conventional methods (1) is a feasible method for assessing LV-GLS and LVEF, (2) yields moderate to good correlation between the two approaches, and (3) would lead to different clinical recommendations with serial surveillance in a real-world clinical population.

Results and Discussion

We observed a moderate correlation (r = 0.541) in GLS between AI automated assessment compared to conventional methods. The LVEF quantification between methods demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.895). AI-generated GLS and LVEF values compared reasonably well with conventional methods, demonstrating a similar temporal pattern throughout echocardiographic surveillance. The apical-three chamber view demonstrated the lowest correlation (r = 0.423) and revealed to be least successful for acquisition of GLS and LVEF. Compared to conventional methodology, AI-automated analysis has a significantly lower feasibility rate, demonstrating a success rate of 14% (GLS) and 51% (LVEF).
An analysis of published cases of cutting balloon use in spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Maričić Bojan , Perišić Zoran , Kostić Tomislav , Božinović Nenad , Petrović Milovan , Čanković Milenko , Mehmedbegović Zlatko , Juričić Stefan , Vasilev Vladimir , Dakić Sonja , Perišić Jelena , Milošević Jelena , Bojanović Mihajlo , Nikolić Miroslav , Maričić Tijana , Apostolović Svetlana
Published: November 2023

Introduction

SCAD involves a sudden tear or separation within the layers of the coronary artery wall, resulting in blood flow obstruction and subsequent myocardial ischemia.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant published cases of cutting balloon use in patients diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception until the present using terms “cutting balloon,” “SCAD,” “acute coronary syndrome,” “intramural hematoma,” and “angioplasty.”

Results

A total of 32 published cases of cutting balloon use in spontaneous coronary artery dissection were analyzed in this study. The majority of the patients included in the analysis were female without prior history of cardiovascular disease. The median age of the SCAD population was approximately 46 years. The most frequently affected artery in SCAD cases was the Left Anterior Descending artery. Intravascular ultrasound was utilized more frequently than other modalities of adjunctive imaging techniques. The most frequent complication was the distal propagation of hematoma. Despite the successful dilation achieved with the cutting balloon, in some cases stenting was required to provide additional support.

Conclusion

The results of this analysis demonstrate that cutting balloon use in SCAD cases yields favorable outcomes.
Multiple imputation of missing data in multilevel ecological momentary assessments: an example using smoking cessation study data
Authors: Ji Linying , Li Yanling , Potter Lindsey N. , Lam Cho Y. , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Wetter David W. , Chow Sy-Miin
Published: November 2023

Advances in digital technology have greatly increased the ease of collecting intensive longitudinal data (ILD) such as ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies of behavior changes. Such data are typically multilevel (e.g., with repeated measures nested within individuals), and are inevitably characterized by some degrees of missingness. Previous studies have validated the utility of multiple imputation as a way to handle missing observations in ILD when the imputation model is properly specified to reflect time dependencies. In this study, we illustrate the importance of proper accommodation of multilevel ILD structures in performing multiple imputations, and compare the performance of a multilevel multiple imputation (multilevel MI) approach relative to other approaches that do not account for such structures in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Empirical EMA data from a tobacco cessation study are used to demonstrate the utility of the multilevel MI approach, and the implications of separating participant- and study-initiated EMAs in evaluating individuals’ affective dynamics and urge.
Physical impact of bottom trawling on seafloor sediments in the German North Sea
Authors: Bruns Ines , Bartholomä Alexander , Menjua Francine , Kopf Achim
Published: November 2023

Bottom trawling is a well-known global phenomenon and has significant physical impact on the seabed habitat, such as compression, displacement and mobilization of the sediment. Thus, it is necessary to examine how it alters the seabed, e.g., in order to support strategies in marine spatial planning and nature conservation. Numerous studies aim at quantifying the physical impact of bottom trawling on the seabed based on laboratory experiments and/or modeling approaches but, to our knowledge, none of them include in-situ techniques. The North Sea is heavily influenced by bottom trawling and thus, an area in the southern North Sea was selected where side scan sonar data identified areas showing the physical impact of bottom trawling by means of trawl marks. Here, the dynamic penetrometer Nimrod was deployed in order to determine the changes in sediment strength (quasi-static bearing capacity) compared to the reference sites (absent trawl marks). The results attest a higher penetration depth of Nimrod and a lower sediment strength in the trawled area compared to the un-trawled reference sites. This is likely related to an increase in water content and a decrease in bulk density of the sediment that was re-worked by bottom trawling.
Women in academia: an analysis through a scoping review
Authors: Araneda-Guirriman Carmen , Sepúlveda-Páez Geraldy , Pedraja-Rejas Liliana , San Martín Julia
Published: November 2023

Changes in higher education, such as the performance measures in research, neoliberalism, the feminist movement, and the COVID-19 pandemic, have challenged women in academia. The incorporation of women in academia is a relatively recent phenomenon. It was only in the middle of the last century that the presence of women in higher education was systematically increasing; however, this increase in women’s participation in Education has not eliminated gender gaps and inequalities. This article shows the results of a scoping review of the scientific literature, which aimed to identify what has been written about women’s experiences in academia during the last decade and determine the knowledge gaps. To this end, three databases, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were reviewed for the literature search. As a result, 533 articles were obtained; however, after applying the exclusion criteria, 129 scientific papers were analyzed. The thematic analysis identified five central themes in the last 10 years (difficulties experienced by women academics in their careers; the underrepresentation of women academics; the impact of neoliberalism on the careers of women academics; the facilitating factors in the careers of women academics; and the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the careers of women academics). Finally, these categories and subcategories shape the challenges women academics face in higher Education and are analyzed and discussed. In conclusion, more than a third of the articles reviewed reflect on the difficulties experienced by female academics in their careers for the decade; however, during the last few years, it is possible to identify articles that address the challenges intensified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of 2018, articles addressing neoliberalism’s effects on female academics’ careers have increased. To a lesser extent, articles addressing aspects that facilitate the development of women’s academic careers are also found. Thus, there is an essential reflection on the challenges and difficulties faced by women academics during their careers.
Exploring learning strategies used by Jordanian University EFL learners in argumentative writing tasks: the role of gender and proficiency
Authors: Almashour Mohamad , Davies Amanda
Published: November 2023

This study investigates learning strategies in argumentative writing tasks among 60 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university students, classified as proficient or less-proficient writers based on essay scores. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire assessing six categories of learning strategies: affective, metacognitive, social, compensatory, cognitive, and memory. Findings suggest female students utilize affective strategies more than males, but proficiency level does not significantly influence strategy choice. The results underline the need for explicit instruction in learning strategies as current student usage appears rudimentary. The study emphasizes the role of learning strategies in enhancing EFL writing performance, and future research could explore specific learning strategies in different language learning tasks.
Improving strategic learning and self-regulation skills among underrepresented minority students in a summer research education training program
Authors: Edwards Nishika T. , Khalil Mohammed , Goodwin Rich L. , Nathaniel Thomas
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This study examines the effect of educational interventions on strategic learning and self-regulation variables of underrepresented minority students (URMs) who participated in the NIH R25 Research education program.

Methods

The LASSI instrument was administered to 21 URMs who participated in the intervention over 2  years. We collected pre- and post-intervention data before and after the educational intervention.

Results

There was a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in all strategic learning and self-regulation parameters including attitude, concentration, information processing, motivation, selecting main ideas, self-testing, test strategies, and time management for the pre and post-assessments.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that self-regulated learning strategies in research education programs are important to help URM’s chances of advancing along scientific and educational pathways.