bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamorphose Recruitment Process Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Aljapurkar Aditi Vijaysingh , Purandare Shraddha Prasad , Ingawale Satyajit Dasharathrao
Published: September 2022

Business value creation rests in the hands of organizational resources, and no doubt, human resources are one of the prime contributors. HR practices have a high impact, and organizations should leverage human resource competencies. In today's situation, where technology forms the pillar of improving people, structures, and cultures, reviewing the technological impact on HR practices becomes imperative. One such technological intervention can and is seen through artificial intelligence. The chapter thus provides a journey to comprehend the traditional recruitment process which defines the employee life cycle and the limitations faced. A section describes the framework to deploy AI usage in the recruitment process to improve the recruitment metrics for the organization. The laborious task of reducing anchoring bias, confirmatory bias, and similarity bias amongst the recruiters using AI technology is explored. The chapter concludes with analytics power backed by AI to help the stakeholders of the recruitment process to revitalize strategies and improve decision making.
Green Currency Based on Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Development
Authors: Sharma Punit , Sharma Indu , Pamecha Suman , Hiran Kamal Kant
Published: September 2022

English poet Samuel T. Coleridge wrote “O! lady, we receive but what we give? And nature alone lives in our lives.” The Earth is one, but nations are not. New technology, especially blockchain paves the way toward a global village. This chapter analyses the ultimate solution to the global warming issue through the introduction of green currency based on blockchain technology to inculcate the concept of environmental protection in the next generation. We never value the free gifts of nature as the economies are driven by markets globally. Unless and until a monetary value is associated with environmental protection it's difficult to motivate the next generation to protect it. The introduction of green currency helps in creating a market. Development with the acceptance, protection, and maintenance of nature as it is is possible only through the use of advanced technologies. This chapter introduces a new concept of global green currency based on blockchain technology. This tool may ultimately present a platform as a solution to the global warming issue.
Sustainability Risks for ESG
Authors: Cohen Gil
Published: September 2022

Sustainability becomes more important for investors in recent years. This study examined three sustainability risks—environmental, social, and governance (ESG)—which the investors take into consideration before any decision making. It is found that while environmental risks negatively affect excess returns in some years. However, since 2018 investors valued environmental risks, social risks were found to be the most influential factor negatively related to excess returns. Corporate governance risks have been found to be embedded in the traditional systematic risk factor “beta,” but no evidence has been found for negative correlations between corporate governance risks and excess returns of stocks. It is also observed that solar energy companies have achieved the highest returns, followed by low-carbon and wind energy producers. Those results insinuate that investors value the solar energy production method as the most cost-effective green energy production technique.
Crowdfunding for Sustainable Utilities Tunnel Projects
Authors: Sun Feng , Oke Tayo , Nakitende Marie G.
Published: September 2022

G-S interactive finance framework is the ideal one to enhance the success rate and efficiency of utilities tunnel projects. Government/non-profit organizations/individuals (G part) and profitable social organizations/individuals (S part) are the counterparties to the G-S interactive finance framework. Utilities tunnel projects flexibly select one funding model or several funding modes to maximize the management revenue. Choice of suitable funding mode (like debt funding, equity funding, internet finance) is important to acquire enough construction capital for these types of projects. According to the number of investors, size of the financing, financing tenure, and finance procedure convenience, every funding mode has its own special character, usage, scope, and procedure. This chapter explores crowdfunding pledging analysis for these types of projects. Small projects of utilities tunnels can use crowdfunding mode, and big projects of utilities tunnels can use crowdfunding mode gradually.
Motivations Underlying Mass Acts of Violence
Authors: Barone Peter Arthur
Published: September 2022

This chapter provided a definition of the term mass violence and posited that more mass violence is occurring than is reported. It addressed that living victims suffering the results of exposure to the use of mass violence has not really been addressed. The chapter advised perception is one of the most impacting aspects of interpretation of situations and the decision by the perpetrator to use mass violence, and it also provided critically important information regarding autogenic massacre as relates to mass violence being exclusively by adult, or young adult, males. The chapter went on to discuss the contagious nature of mass violence or murder as researched and the possible effects of violent video games on mass violence. The chapter then addressed the possible connection between mental illness and mass violence. Information was also provided which addressed hydraulic model of aggression as relates to mass violence.
Homo Aestheticus' Search for Violence
Authors: Yayla Neslihan
Published: September 2022

Homo-Aestheticus is a term that describes human art aesthetics and evolution under its effect. When we look at the artworks that came to our date million years ago, the similarities we encounter are the signs that our aesthetic preferences, understanding of beauty, and our tastes are a legacy from our ancestors. Aesthetic is not only an understanding adopted by our cultures; it has been with us for centuries. Similarly, violence appears as a concept that has been part of humanity for ages. It is an interdisciplinary concept that is center of attention of scientific fields particularly social sciences, art, sociology, psychology. As a result of digital developments, virtual reality, anonymous identities and together with the fantasy of the virtual world emerging with uncontrolled digital media eases presentation of the violence in digital medias. In video games, violence is presented to the player in an aesthetic way. This study aims to reveal how the aesthetics of violence in video game are received by the players and fill the gap in the literature.
The Coexistence of Violence and Aesthetics in Performance Art
Authors: Gümüş İlknur
Published: September 2022

During the performances based on performance art, the audience and the performers are in interactive communication. Along with the performance art, artistic communication becomes symmetrical and the artist with the audience share an emotional and mutual sharing. Performance art is an important example of artistic communication model. In addition, the art of performance opposes the social, physical, spiritual borders we are in, and deals with issues such as supervision policies, religious and ideological exploits, identity and gender discrimination, diseases, unemployment, economic and ecological problems. It is seen that performance art frequently uses the aesthetics of violence while addressing these issues. In this chapter, two important representatives, who use violent of aesthetics in their performing arts, Marina Abramovic and Hermann Nitsch, will be the subjects.
(A)Esthetics and Violence Psychology
Authors: Ceyhan Ezgi Gül
Published: September 2022

The two concepts, aesthetics and violence, produce each other and give an idea of the individual's object orientations. Therefore, it seems necessary to analyze these two concepts. In this chapter, violence and aesthetics are discussed on the assumption that violence and aesthetics affect the inner backwardness and tension under the advanced activism of the individual, how violence and aesthetics work abstractly. The performing arts chosen to analyze the concepts of violence and aesthetics are discussed to understand this area. The chapter aims to look at the foundations of the relationship between aesthetics and violence and open a place of thinking in the literature within the framework of a new meaning. The two concepts to be used in this study are used outside of the basic meaning of violence and aesthetics.
Collective Memory After Violent Conflict
Authors: Breitweg Markus
Published: September 2022

This chapter develops a framework for the analysis of collective memory in post-conflict settings. It is argued that so far collective memory is not sufficiently theorized within peace and conflict studies, even though in the aftermath of violent conflicts competing memories easily become subject to salient struggles that may even result in yet another outburst of violence. It is these competing representations of the past that researchers should more thoroughly concern themselves with and that they lack an appropriate heuristic device for. Focusing on processual and multidimensional concepts from the fashionable field of memory studies, the author proposes a new framework for analysis that offers categories and ideal-types for practice-oriented research. Based on poststructuralist discourse analysis, the framework allows to link discursive structures and patterns of identity, on the one hand, to actual agency on the other hand, thus facilitating effective interventions.
Law Enforcement's Response to Mass Shootings and Multiple Victim Violence
Authors: Barone Peter Arthur
Published: September 2022

This chapter addresses various methods used by law enforcement to examine mass shootings. It reviews the fact that there is not one consistent definition of mass shootings, and that lacking this definition it makes it a true challenge to identify events that are mass shootings for assessment and analysis. It further discusses the fact that the inability to consistently obtain, assess, analyze, and glean necessary information leading to the understanding of the mindset of mass murders results from the lack of a clear and totally accepted definition of mass shootings. The chapter specifically discusses and examines several methods used by law enforcement in their attempt to prevent and respond to mass shootings. The chapter also provides an understanding that law enforcement must rely on a multiplicity of entities to assist them in trying to prevent and responding to mass shootings to include everyday citizens.
Youth Bulge and Broken Down Windows Theories in Youth Violence
Authors: Dodo Obediah , Makoni Mcdonald
Published: September 2022

The chapter is a comparative analysis of two theories, Youth Bulge and Broken Down Windows, on their relevance and influence on youth participation in political violence that was recorded in Bindura town from year 2000. The analysis juxtaposed the two theories in relation to what other scholars have said on the same subject matter. This was in view of the fact that there are some theoretical assumptions that are traditionally aligned to particular studies and social realities. The analysis concluded that while the two theories may not have influenced youth involvement in political violence in Bindura in the same way and gravity, they both played a role. It was established that most of the youth violence would have developed over time before a slight incident triggered its explosion.
State Violence, Separatist Agitations, and Population Displacement in Cameroon
Authors: Chukwudi Onuoha F. , Chukwuma Okafor Joachim
Published: September 2022

This chapter interrogates the impacts of state violence and the proliferations of pro-separatist agitations in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon on vulnerable groups as its objective. Through secondary sources of data collection and content analysis, authors observed that the continued interplay of state violence and the various agitations for the independence of Ambazonia by separatist groups accounts for the ongoing displacement of women and children both as internally displaced persons and refugees. Hence, they argued that the unprecedented humanitarian challenges facing these vulnerable groups manifest in the various spheres of confrontations involving the Cameroonian security forces and various armed separatist groups in Southern Cameroon. Tables in this chapter provide links between how various dimensions of the Anglophone crisis affect women and children. This chapter discusses also the factors fuelling separatist agitations, future research directions, solutions and recommendations in resolving the Anglophone crisis in the Republique du la Cameroun.
Workplace Violence and Social Engineering Among Korean Employees
Authors: Choi Youngkeun
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate if workplace violence has a negative influence on employees who are exposed to social engineering. This article explores if information security culture can be helpful to make them to resist social engineering. In the results, first, job-related bullying and abusive supervision decreases employees' intention to resist social engineering. Second, information security culture decreases the negative effect of job-related bullying, abusive supervision or organizational politics on employees' intention to resist social engineering.
Unmasking Gender-Based Violence in Venezuelan Media
Authors: Garrido Mariateresa
Published: September 2022

The Venezuelan government has been instrumental to implement different types of gender-based violence and discrimination. Reports demonstrate that women have been killed, that their economic power decreased, and that they experienced problems related to access to education, health services, jobs, etc. This reality affects all women; however, there is not updated and systematized information about the problems faced by Venezuelan women journalists. This chapter uses Mohanty's theory and Hernandez's approach to illustrate the situation. It begins with an overview of the Venezuelan context, highlighting cases of gender-based violence and discrimination experienced by women. It also considers cases of economic exploitation, exclusion, disempowerment, cultural imperialism, and direct violence between 2018 and 2019. The chapter demonstrates the deteriorating situation and reveals patterns of oppression experienced by female journalists in Venezuela.
Mediation of Information on Eliminating Violence Against Women
Authors: Guaraldo Tamara de Souza Brandão , Santos Celia Maria Retz Godoy dos , Melo Daniele Mendes
Published: September 2022

Violence against women is a central topic in the public debate in Brazil. In this way, entities and other stakeholders require flexible strategies in order to eliminate it. This chapter aims to report experiences related to an action research based on the transformative and reflexive potential of civil society groups (in Bauru city, state of São Paulo) involved in eliminating violence against women. In this sense, mediation of information is discussed in order to prioritize the elimination of gender-based violence against women. In face of outcomes, mediation of information have been used in order to explore the adaptative and dynamic nature of participatory methodologies by not only allowing reflective processes but also providing value of how all stakeholders present themselves as mediators by using their knowledge in order to mediate information.
Impacts of Culture and Cultural Differences on Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding in Multicultural Societies
Authors: Ogharanduku Victor Ikechukwu , Tinuoye Adekunle Theophilus
Published: September 2022

Multicultural societies have become sites of violent conflicts following predictions at the end of the Cold War that culture would be a causative of future conflict. However, conflicts have not necessarily been caused by the presence of the different cultures that inhabit these communities, but cultural differences in these societies is observed to become embedded in conflict dynamics inducing escalation, aiding the easy mobilisation and motivation of conflict parties to utilise violence, eventually inducing intractability. Cultural differences impact conflict prevention and peacebuilding in multicultural settings by constituting a barrier and a times instigating failures of these processes. At the same time, it is a culture resource that can be harnessed for conflict prevention and peacebuilding if it is well understood, but its impacts seems less well understood. Successful conflict prevention and peacebuilding in multicultural societies is tied to in-depth understanding of cultural differences.
The ‘Steinmeier Formula'
Authors: Everett Judas
Published: September 2022

The conflict in Eastern Ukraine has been ongoing for over five years, despite the best attempts of the international community to help resolve it. Rather than the EU, UN, or NATO, it is in fact the Normandy Format talks or the Normandy contact group, which is composed of Germany, Russia, Ukraine, and France, which has taken the lead. This chapter considers historical evidence and problems before continuing to analyse the aims of the actors in the conflict, the Normandy Format talks, the ‘Steinmeier Formula', and whether this represents a solution that can satisfy all the actors. The importance of the wider reforms as part of strengthening Ukraine's ability to fulfil its aims and direct its own policy path is noted as essential, as is uncertainty from all actors over longer term prospects for the fulfilment of their aims once a peace agreement has been enacted.
Indigenous Conflict Resolution Systems
Authors: Masenya Tlou Maggie
Published: September 2022

African tribal societies still rely upon indigenous conflict resolution systems as well as cultural sources to uphold the values of peace, tolerance, solidarity, and respect for one another. The purpose of this chapter was to examine the efficacy of indigenous conflict resolution systems in building peace and promoting social solidarity among indigenous communities in South Africa. Data collection was largely based on critical review of literature relating to the application of indigenous conflict resolution systems in resolving conflicts among indigenous communities. Social capital, Ubuntu, and social solidarity were also used as underpinning theories to guide the study. Findings revealed territorial expansion, resource competition, inheritance or land boundaries, misunderstanding over succession, indebtedness, chieftaincy, adulterous affairs, family property, breach of contract, murder, allegations of bewitchment, theft, matrimonial fall-outs, and cattle raiding as the main causes of violence conflict in indigenous communities. However, the absence of clear policy in the application of indigenous conflict resolution system has been found to be a limiting factor, although these systems are effective in resolving conflicts, building peace, and promoting social solidarity among indigenous communities. Socio-cultural norms and values embedded in indigenous communities have remained an integral part of every organized society. The study thus recommended the establishment of indigenous institutions of governance based on norms, values and principles of conflict resolution and peace building.
Effects of Computer Games on the Socialization Process and Inclination to Violence of Adolescent Students
Authors: Sağlam Hakan
Published: September 2022

One of the main sectors that digital revolution made a great impact on is game industry. Computer games nowadays have started to take the first place in a lot of teen's free time activities. Social scientists especially study how these games affect the adolescents who are mostly students. In parallel with the first aim of study is understanding whether computer games affect adolescent students' socialization process and their tendency of violence or not. The second aim of the research is to show how and to what extent computer games affect the process of socialization and violence tendencies of adolescents. Data and information that are mentioned in the chapter contributes to the studies about this issue.
Messengers of Death
Authors: Renfro Evan
Published: September 2022

This chapter analyzes the cyber environment of mass violence and terrorism globally. More specifically, it uncovers the role of cyberspace at the root of terror. Since the fall of the Soviet Union and conclusion of the Cold War, the United States (US) has been perceived both domestically and globally as the single super power capable of anything, but it remains vulnerable to a not-so-new tactic of destruction. 9/11 made that clear and spawned an immense architecture of countering terrorism, which as of this writing has been successful in the limited sense of defending the country from the sort of catastrophic wreckage that occurred that September morning. From mass shootings to “lone wolf” terrorist attacks, the US and the international community remain quite vulnerable to terror. While the role of cyber is not deterministic, its importance is as overwhelming as it is overlooked by policymakers and scholars alike.
4-Helix Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez Jose Manuel
Published: September 2022

The use of strategies based on 4-helix entrepreneurial ecosystems is a unique opportunity to develop emerging economies, among which is Mexico, as well as to lead to social change by strengthening the middle class. Within this process, innovation is of great importance, as it is the primary driver of the competitive advantages of nations, as well as the structural transformation of the economy. The objective of this chapter is to analyze what would be the basis for the creation of a quadruple helix model that will lead to a structural transformation for Mexico in the medium term and thus combat poverty and violence in the nation.
SafeWomen
Authors: Yadav Sumit Kumar , Sharma Kavita , Gupta Ananya
Published: September 2022

The security of women is of prime concern around the world. Women feel insecure while traveling out of the home due to the fear of violence. The fear of violence restricts women's participating in different social activities. So instead of becoming a victim of a violent crime such as domestic violence, robbery, or rape, women should call on resources to help her out of that situation. In this paper, the authors develop a women safety device, namely SafeWomen, which helps in reducing the crimes held against women. This is a new approach for providing security to women in any unsafe situation by sending an alert having geographical location along with emergency message to the registered contact numbers so that the incident could be prevented. Also, it can track the current location of the victim just by knowing the IP address of the device she is using. One can also use this system for the safety and security of kids and elderly people just by making some changes in the functionality of the system.
Crime Detection and Criminal Recognition to Intervene in Interpersonal Violence Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network With Transfer Learning
Authors: Haque Mohammad Reduanul , Hafiz Rubaiya , Al Azad Alauddin , Adnan Yeasir , Mishu Sharmin Akter , Khatun Amina , Uddin Mohammad Shorif
Published: September 2022

Interpersonal violence, such as physical and sexual abuse, eve-teasing, bullying, and taking hostages, is a growing concern in our society. The criminals who directly or indirectly committed the crime often do not go into the trial for the lack of proper evidence as it is very tough to collect photographic proof of the incident. A subject's corneal reflection has the potentiality to reveal the bystander images. Motivated with this clue, a novel approach is proposed in the current paper that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) along with transfer learning in identifying crime as well as recognizing the criminals from the corneal reflected image of the victim called the Purkinje image. This study found that off-the-shelf CNN can be fine-tuned to extract discriminative features from very low resolution and noisy images. The procedure is validated using the developed datasets comprising six different subjects taken at diverse situations. They confirmed that it has the ability to recognize criminals from corneal reflection images with an accuracy of 95.41%.
School Counselors' Use of a Multitier System of Support to Foster Safe School Experiences and Respond to School Violence
Authors: Padilla George , Salinas Clarissa , Cavazos Vela Javier , Whittenberg James F.
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, the authors introduce and identify current issues, controversies and problems that influence school safety and counselor preparedness. A brief overview of school violence in America, counselors' training to deal with school violence, and factors that influence school violence are provided. Following this, the authors present a multitier system of supports (MTSS) as a recommended model for counselors to (1) prevent, (2) prepare and plan, (3) respond, and (4) lead recovery efforts as related to school violence. Finally, a case study is presented in which the authors apply best practices within the American Counselor Association's national framework to handle a crisis.
Police Officers
Authors: Eliasson Michelle N.
Published: September 2022

Police officers are exposed to many dangers on the job. Despite this, society may not intuitively consider officers to be victims. Research indicates officers experience various types of victimization on the job, and these victimizations can have direct and indirect physical, mental, and economic impacts on the officer. As a result of violent and nonviolent victimizations in the line of duty, there are negative consequences on officers' wellbeing. Despite this victimhood, police stories are not often headlined in the media, placed on political agendas, or discussed in local communities. Due to the lack of inclusion on these platforms, police officers are invisible victims. This chapter discusses how officers can be considered invisible victims and examines factors that address why society and officers themselves may not equate their experiences to victimization.
Bulgarian Journalists Under Pressure
Authors: Yoshkov Ivaylo
Published: September 2022

Bulgarian journalists are under pressure. Although the country has been a member of the EU for 13 years and the legislation on freedom of speech corresponds to Western practices, the country ranks 111th in the annual Freedom of Speech Index. While the cases of work-related physical violence against journalists are rare, the cases of direct political pressure are increasing. The unification of ownership into large media cartels and the lack of transparency in the movement of financial flows from the state to certain media are among the main factors affecting the freedom of speech. The analysis of publications covering six cases of physical and verbal aggression on the websites of the five most visited online media in Bulgaria outlines the scheme for inducing self-censorship and the transition from active to passive news coverage within a short period of time. The survey, conducted with students in journalism and professional journalists, aims to show their experience with aggression, as well as to identify the forms of pressure they face on a daily basis.
Systematic Violence of Organized Crime in México
Authors: Castillo Reyna Faride Peña , López Rocio Quintal , Martin-Peña Javier
Published: September 2022

This chapter has the aim to present an analysis of narrative in youths in the context of systematic violence as a product of organized crime, an expression that constitutes a negative indicator of their personal development, starting from the experiences of whom have lived through that violence in their environment. This is an exploratory analysis, accomplished through a discussion group made up of five youths from three states (Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Estado de México), between ages of 21 and 23 years old, all social sciences university students. The results identified the explicit recognition of violence as a phenomenon distinct from relational or socio-political violence. Discussion emphasizes that through the application of community interventions that consider the citizen, especially youth, participation is necessary to reclaim peace and social equilibrium to aspire for a better regional and national development.
Guns in School
Authors: Wallace Lacey Nicole
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines weapon carrying by teachers and students in K-12 schools. Most of the chapter focuses on juveniles, exploring how often juveniles bring weapons to school, the demographic characteristics these juveniles have in common, and why juveniles opt to bring weapons on school grounds. Empirical studies of these topics based on official data, victimization data, and self-report data are reviewed. Additionally, this chapter details the federal and state laws that regulate weapons on school property. Attention is also given to the recent debate over arming K-12 teachers and staff as a prevention measure. Like the discussion of juvenile gun carrying, this chapter highlights the law regulating this issue, arguments for and against such a policy, and the empirical research assessing effects.
Resolving Conflicts and Preventing Violence in Italian Schools
Authors: Cerchia Alessia , Dal Pubel Luca , Casale Nicoletta
Published: September 2022

Phenomena of conflicts among students are on the rise everywhere in the world. According to a new report from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNCEF), half of the world's teenagers experience peer violence and bullying in and around the school. School violence affects learning and has a negative effect on students, schools, and the broader community. The effects on students are both psychical and phycological and often lead to isolation, depression, and in some cases to suicide. This chapter provides an overview of an alternative methodology approach to the teaching of dialogue and non-violent communication in schools. Furthermore, it examines a training model that uses mediation and Aikido to teach communication, conflict management, and conflict resolution to students and teachers. The training, called School of Mediation-Mediation for School (SMS), has been developed in Italy by a group of lawyers, mediators, and researchers. To date, the project has involved more than 600 students and 250 teachers with important results.
Masculinity and Gender
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide interventions to end gender-based violence (GBV). Most of the GBV interventions that have been used are mainly reactive and focused on survivors of GBV. It therefore argues that there is a need to also focus on masculinity-focused interventions as an alternative to the traditional GBV interventions in order to reduce GBV cases. The study firstly provides definitions of GBV and masculinity. Secondly, it provides a critique of the various types of masculinity. Thirdly, it focuses on traditional GBV interventions, and masculinity-focused interventions.
Misogynistic Males
Authors: Kerr Selina E.M.
Published: September 2022

Scholars have begun to identify the links between incidents of mass murder and misogynistic behaviors. From the 2014 Isla Vista campus shootings in California through to an incident of mass violence with a van in Toronto in 2017, identifying as an “incel” has been cited as a motivating factor in the perpetrators' pre-attack writings. “Incel” stands for “involuntary celibates,” an online subculture of males displaying rage at females, expressing fandom for mass shooters, and fantasizing about violence. Further complicating matters is the frequent overlap between intimate partner violence and/or stalking with acts of mass violence. In this chapter, suggestions are advanced for ways to effectively assess the risk of mass violence when misogynistic behaviors are present. The potential use of risk assessment instruments is discussed, in addition to ways to devise an effective threat assessment system.
Reconceptualisation of Democratic Citizenship Education Against Social Inequalities and Electoral Violence in Zimbabwe
Authors: Zembere Monica
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the implications of a reconceptualised democratic citizenship education on universities in Africa with special emphasis on Zimbabwe. This is a qualitative research where data has been gathered through interviews and observation. Democratic citizenship education theory is used as a theory speaking to the argument. The arguments proffered in the research are that the concepts of DCE, education, and democracy that are rooted in liberal ideas of education have the potential to develop critical thinking necessary for political participation, justice, and political tolerance. The findings are that an African university education can teach students to become human with others, meaning students are taught to respect and value human dignity as dictated by Ubuntu.
Maintaining a Safety Net and Peace for Former Child Soldiers in Africa
Authors: Nyemba Florence , Chitiyo Rufaro
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of peace education programs in Africa. Peace education programs are used widely to create peaceful environments for at-risk children. Their intended goals are to end violence through modeling human consciousness to resolve conflicts peacefully and to provide children with a stable socioeconomic future. Using a systematic review of literature, the authors examine how humanitarian agencies with support from the World Bank utilize peace education programs to create safety nets for former child soldiers in Africa. The challenges and opportunities of such programs are examined. The authors then propose for the adoption of a community-based participatory practice to facilitate the sustainability of peace education programs. The chapter will benefit at-risk children in war-torn African regions and all stakeholders involved in the creation of safe environments for children.
The Impact of the Boko Haram Conflict on Education in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Kurawa Gwadabe
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the impact of the Boko Haram conflict on education. Theoretically, conflict tends to be a dominant and elusive concept. Although it is possible to agree that, in practice, conflict has a positive meaning as there is evidence of this in everyday productive debate, dialogue, and negotiation, the interpretation that emerged in this case is negative, as demonstrated by the violent clash between the Boko Haram Group and the Nigerian armed forces. Therefore, a particular analysis of what this conflict looks like in Northeast Nigeria is presented in this chapter. The chapter also focuses on the threats, especially to education, which have been experienced by the affected community from 2009 to the present day.
Deconstructing an Epidemic
Authors: Silva Jason R. , Greene-Colozzi Emily A.
Published: September 2022

The excessive media coverage of mass gun violence has contributed to the public perception of an epidemic. These senstionalized media accounts highlight statistics suggesting a dramatic rise of the phenomenon. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis and comparison of open-source datasets to identify methodological weaknesses and clarify the prevalence of the problem. Findings illustrate the definitional, temporal, and data collection issues impacting the accuracy of assessment. This deconstruction of research counters the perception of a substantial rise in mass gun violence and suggests rates will vary depending on the typological phenomenon being investigated. A discussion of findings illustrates the importance of continuing the examination of mass gun violence and provides comprehensive guidelines for future research assessing the frequency of the phenomenon.
Are You an Observer or a Supporter of War?
Authors: Akaydin Aydin Aysegul , Eksioglu Sarilar N. Beril
Published: September 2022

This chapter presents a framework for narratives of war news in consideration of Galtung's war and peace journalism theories. News narratives are discussed in the light of BBC's ethical principles of war journalism. Additionally, transformation of war journalism with the advances in communication technologies is analysed. The method of research is through review of literature and interviews in depth. Five war journalists were interviewed. These five Turkish journalists witnessed five different eras. Ergin Konuksever is the oldest war journalist in Turkey. He was reporting the news from Cyprus Peace Operation in 1974. İsmail Umut Arabacı is the first journalist to announce ‘Operation Peace Spring' live from the border. Cem Tekel is the editor and war journalist who joined the operation. Coşkun Aral is an international Turkish photographer and war journalist. He won SIPA PRESS award in 1977 with his photograph of 1st May National Labor Day. Kerim Ulak is an A Haber editor and journalist who joined the operation. His news about the operation turned out to be fake.
Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and it’s Influence on the Daily Activities of Undergraduate Female Students in Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Madampe S. N. , Weerasooriya M. S. , Lakshika W. A. C. , Kariyawasam S. D. R. , Fernandopulle R. C. , Silva S. P. S. M.
Published: September 2022

Primary dysmenorrhea, refers to a prevalent menstrual disorder in women of the reproductive age which may interfere with the normal functioning of day-to-day activities. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in undergraduates and the associated influence on their usual activities. Ethical approval was obtained for the research from the Ethics Review Committee, CINEC campus. Following validation of the questionnaire, it was circulated on-line to 364 undergraduate female students, aged 18-25 years, across 5 selected non-state universities in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. According to the obtained results, the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 90% (n = 309). Around 42% of the participants reported mild pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea, whereas, 53% reported moderate pain. Furthermore, a small fraction of the participants reported severe pain which affected them to complete their day-to-day activities. Recurrent symptoms associated with primary dysmenorrhea were identified as lower abdominal pain 95%, thigh pain 57%, and back pain 46% from all participants. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between primary dysmenorrhea and family history (p < 0.001). Moreover, frequency of occurrence of pain was significantly associated with duration of menstrual bleeding (no. of days > 5) (p < 0.001). Most of the respondents experience difficulty in sleeping 73% and difficulty in moving 48%. Associated methods of pain relief were consumption of analgesics 74% and bed rest 64%. Despite the significant prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and corresponding inconveniences, only 19% had visited a specialist for medical advice. It could be concluded that primary dysmenorrhea is a significant issue which impacts day-to-day activities.
Quality Care for Menopause Under Challenging Circumstances
Authors: Akmeemana S. P.
Published: September 2022

No abstract available
Factors associated with levels of health-related quality of life in elderly women: secondary data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019
Authors: Son Miseon
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to the levels of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly women based on Wilson and Cleary’s HRQoL model. Methods: This study analyzed data from the eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 on 868 women over the age of 65 years. Based on the HRQoL model, parameters were categorized as personal, environmental, and physiological characteristics; symptom status; functional status; and perception of health status. The data were analyzed by quantile regression. Results: The overall level of HRQoL was 0.87. Factors related to HRQoL in the 10% quantile were higher education level, higher economic status, economic activity, more walking days, fewer diseases, lower stress, less activity limitation, and higher perceived health status. Factors related to the 25% quantile of HRQoL were more walking days, fewer diseases, less activity limitation, and higher perceived health status. Factors related to the 50% quantile were age, economic activity, more walking days, fewer disease, lower stress, less activity limitation, and higher perceived health status. Factors related to the 75% quantile of HRQoL were smoking, more walking days, fewer diseases, lower stress, less activity limitation, and higher perceived health status. Conclusion: While differing parameters were identified according to the level of HRQoL of elderly women in Korea, there were five common factors. Interventions that focus on increasing walking, mitigating diseases, stress, and activity limitations, and improving perceived health status can improve HRQoL.
One-year continuous abstinence rate for smoking cessation via telephonic counselling: The Indian scenario
Authors: Kumar Raj , Mrigpuri Parul , Dubey Shyam Mani , Singh Rachna , Mishra Jyoti , Kumar Sourav , Iqra Ayesha
Published: September 2022

Tobacco control methods differ by country, with telephonic counseling being one of them. The effectiveness of telephone counseling in smoking cessation has been discussed on several occasions. India's tobacco problem is more complex than that of any other country in the world. To begin with, tobacco is consumed in a variety of ways, and India is a large multilingual country with remarkable cultural diversity. In India, the National Tobacco Quitline Service (NTQLS) is a government-run program. Its data from May 2016 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively in this cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use in India, as well as the abstinence rate for smoking cessation. A total of 4,611,866 calls were received by the Interactive Voice Response system (IVR). The number of calls increased from 600 to 5400 per day after the toll-free number was printed on all tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco use was discovered to be more prevalent, with males significantly more likely to use both smoking and smokeless tobacco. At one month and one year after quitting, 33.42% and 21.9%, respectively, remained tobacco-free. The study emphasizes the efficacy of behavioral counseling in increasing abstinence rates. The printing of a toll-free number on tobacco products is an effective strategy for expanding the operation of quit lines. Despite the challenges of cultural diversity and complex tobacco use, India's quit line service has been able to provide counseling to callers with prolonged abstinence and quit rates comparable to the various quit lines around the world.
Transformations structurelles, diversification économique et exigences pour une croissance durable
Authors: Medjoub Razika , Benamirouche Hicham , Kadi Mohamed , Ameur Fatah , Madouri Abderrezak , Merouani Walid , Boudedja Karima , Lassasi Moundir , Hernoun Fatma
Published: September 2022

Après soixante -ans d’indépendance, l’Algérie se retrouve face à des défis et des enjeux géopolitiques, économiques, sociaux, technologiques et environnementaux majeures. Ce qui incite à repenser le modèle de développement économique et social au-delà des hydrocarbures pour une croissance économique durable.Ce numéro spécial se propose d’offrir aux chercheurs en sciences sociales de revenir sur ce passé récent de l’histoire de l’Algérie, d’en tirer les enseignements et surtout de contribuer à la réflexion prospective quant aux approches à envisager pour faire face à ces défis.La diversification économique et les réformes macro-structurelles, l’intégration de l’Algérie dans l’économie régionale et mondiale, la sécurité alimentaire, la transition énergétique, les politiques sociales et la réduction des inégalités, le capital humain et l’instauration de la bonne gouvernance tissent déjà la toile de cette nouvelle approche économique et sociale.
Plaidoyer pour une bonne gouvernance des politiques publiques
Authors: Godih Djamel , Lazreg Mohammed , Kameli Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Les politiques publiques se caractérisent d’une part, par des politiques conjoncturelles qui sont des politiques ayant trait à des variations de court terme de l’activité économique et d’autre part, par des politiques structurelles qui portent sur l’évolution à long terme des structures de l’économie et du social. Toutefois, pour asseoir et promouvoir des politiques publiques efficientes, il y a lieu de mettre en oeuvre la bonne gouvernance. L’objectif principal de notre article, est de mettre en exergue le fait que la bonne gouvernance contribue efficacement à la concrétisation des politiques publiques. Les principaux résultats de notre papier mettent en évidence les effets induits par la bonne gouvernance sur les politiques publiques.
La réforme de la comptabilité publique algérienne : épiphénomène technique ou métamorphose paradigmatique ?
Authors: Cheurfa Nabil
Published: September 2022

Le 01 Janvier 2023 sera certainement une date mémorable pour les finances publiques algériennes dont les règles du jeu seront radicalement transformées, non seulement en matière budgétaire mais également dans le domaine comptable. Cette double transformation institutionnelle simultanée, à nulle autre pareille, inscrira indéniablement l’Algérie dans le club très restreint des pays adoptant un budget axé sur les résultats appuyé par un système comptable en droits constatés avec au surplus une certification des comptes de l’Etat par un auditeur externe, en l’occurrence, la Cour des comptes, comme le ferait un commissaire aux comptes à l’égard d’une entreprise du secteur privé.Prenant appui sur les options théoriques et épistémologiques de l’isomorphisme institutionnel avec un focus particulier sur l’expérience française, le présent travail s’attèle à apporter des réponses, quand bien même balbutiantes, à l’identification des sources intellectuelles de cette double évolution institutionnelle, de sa temporalité, de sa consistance comme de ses entrepreneurs institutionnels et, chemin faisant, de ses pierres d’achoppement qui risquent d’en atténuer la portée et d’en dénaturer la philosophie.
Energy security index of Algeria: an integrated approach
Authors: Benamirouche Hicham , Megherbi Amel , Djedaa Nour El Islem , Bouferkas Ratiba
Published: September 2022

Energy security is considered as one of the most important challenge for world countries, given that it represents one of the main pillars of sovereignty. This study aims to evaluate and analyse the energy security performance of Algeria over the period 1980-2020 through the development of a composite index, named ESIA, on the basis of five dimensions; Availability, Affordability, Applicability, Acceptability and Governance. The results show that energy security presents a moderate performance, with score range of (5.29-7.51). The highest performance is showed during the sub-period 2005-2020. The availability, affordability and applicability indicators are the main drivers of this performance, respectively. While, the acceptability indicators play a little positive effect, and the proactive nature of energy sector governance is still considered as challenging for Algeria. Five important policy implications were identified in order to improve the energy security of the country.