bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSULIN AND INSULIN RESISTANCE: NEW MOLECULE MARKERS AND TARGET MOLECULE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Salmina A. B. , Yauzina N. A. , Kuvacheva N. V. , Petrova M. M. , Taranushenko T. Ye. , Malinovskaya N. A. , Lopatina O. L. , Morgun A. V. , Pozhilenkova Ye. A. , Okuneva O. S. , Morozova G. A. , Prokopenko S. V.
Published: June 2020

The review summarizes current data on the role of insulin in the regulation of t glucose metabolism in the central nervous system at physiologic and pathologic conditions. For many years, the brain has been considered as an insulin-independent organ which utilizes glucose without insulin activity. However, it is become clear now that insulin not only regulates glucose transport and metabolism, but also has modulatory efftects in impact on excitability, proliferation and differentiation of brain progenitor cells, synaptic plasticity and memory formation, secretion of neurotransmitters, apoptosis. We have critically reviewed literature information and our own data on the role of insulin and insulin resistance in neuron-glia metabolic coupling, regulation of NAD+ metabolism and action of NAdependent enzymes, neurogenesis, brain development in (patho)physiological conditions. The paper clarifies interrelations between alterations in glucose homeostasis, development of insulin resistance and development of neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), autism, stroke, and depression. We discuss the application of novel molecular markers of insulin resistance (adipokines, α-hydroxybutyrate, BDNF, insulin-regulated aminopeptidase, provasopressin) and molecular targets for diagnostics and treatment of brain disorders associated with insulin resistance.
CURRENT APPROACHES TO CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR MALIGNANT GLIOMAS
Authors: Choinzonov Ye. L. , Gribova O. V. , Startseva Zh. A. , Ryabova A. I. , Novikov V. A. , Musabayeva L. I. , Polezhayeva I. S.
Published: June 2020

High-grade malignant gliomas (WHO grade G III–IV) account for more than 50% of all primary brain tumors. Despite aggressive treatment, survival rates are still very low with a median reported survival of no more than 1.5 years.Radiation therapy is an integral part of the combined treatment, but often does not influence lethally on resistant tumor cells. Thereby, in recent decades there has been an active search for novel approaches to the treatment of malignant gliomas (chemotherapeutic drugs, biological modifiers, local hyperthermia). Experimental data showed that the effect of high temperatures has both a direct damaging effect on tumor cells and a sensitizing effect. Significant advantages are achieved when the complex treatment of different malignant tumorsincludes local hyperthermia. However data on the treatment of patients with primary and recurrent gliomas G III–IV using local hyperthermia are scarce.The literature review is given in the article provides an overview of the existing treatment methods for brain tumors.
ADAPTIVE CHEMOREFLECTORY MECHANISMS RESPONDING TO EXTREME FACTORS
Authors: Krivoschekov S. G. , Balioz N. V.
Published: June 2020

An analysis of adaptive chemoreflectory mechanisms responding of extreme factors opens prospects for understanding of a role of a phenotype in this process, and also for search of new methods of the forecast and diagnostics. We analysed individual-typological variability of hypoxic tolerance and muscular working capacity at healthy people with various kinds of habitual sports activity. It is established, that formatting of new neuro-visceral interactions which occurs under the influence of individual training process, is reflected in reactivity of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in response to hypoxia. Adaptive strategy produces changes in systemic response to hypoxia which correlates with aerobic work capacity and EEG activity of a brain at sportsmen of different specializations. Individually-typological characteristics of sportsmen (typology of nervous system) also mediate EEG response to hypoxia, but they can be modified by the influence of phenotypic adaptive mechanisms (aerobic, anaerobic or mixed type of individual training process). The obtained results testify, that sports loadings forms specific adjustment of mechanisms of chemoreflectory regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
THE ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS IN THE MECHANISM OF CORONARY ARTERY REMODELING AFTER IMPLANTATION OF STENTS
Authors: Vintizenko S. I. , Ogorodova L. M. , Rukin K. Yu. , Petrova I. V.
Published: June 2020

In the last 10 years the World has increased significantly the frequency of joint replacement in patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary angioplasty with stenting significantly improve the capacity and effectiveness of the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, an important factor limiting the effectiveness of endovascular treatment of restenosis remains the stented area.The article presents an overview of the most studied gene polymorphisms of hemostasis, inflammation system, the renin-angiotensin system, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which can play a key role in the development of in-stent restenosis. Research in this area are significant and may help in understanding the mechanisms and risk stratification of restenosis after angioplasty.
DISRUPTION OF EXPRESSION OF MRNA HSP27 AND UBIQUITIN AS A MECHANISM OF ESCAPING OF JURKAT LINE TUMOR CELLS FROM APOTOSIS
Authors: Nosareva O. L. , Stepovaya Ye. A. , Ryazantseva N. V. , Zakirova Ye. V. , Mazunin I. O. , Litvinova L. S. , Sokhonevich N. A. , Vesnina O. N. , Shakhristova Ye. V.
Published: June 2020

The research objective is to establish the link between heat shock protein 27 and ubiquitin mRNA expression as well as Jukart tumor cell apoptosis.The method of flow cytofluorometry has been used to evaluate apoptosis realization using FITC-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide along with the amount of reactive oxygen species. Spectrofluorimetry has been applied to register the caspase-3 activity. The content of hydroxyl radicals has been determined by spectrophotometry. The level of ubiquitin and heat shock protein 27 mRNA expression has been identified using real-time PCR. Intact Jukart tumor cells and blood lymphocytes of healthy donors served the material for the research.Following the carried out research it has been found out that the fall in the amount of annexin V positive cells and the reduced caspase-3 activity were accompanied by the rise in the content of hydroxyl radicals and reactive oxygen species against the backdrop of the increased heat shock protein 27 and ubiquitin mRNA expression in Jukart tumor cells.
INFLUENCE OF MAGNETOMICELLS BASED ON IRON NANOPARTICLES COATED BY CARBON ON STRUCTURE OF RAT LIVER
Authors: Vasyukov G. Yu. , Milto I. V. , Sukhodolo I. V. , Mitrofanova I. V.
Published: June 2020

In this paper we study the effect of a single intravenous injection of suspension of magnitomitsell based on iron nanoparticles modified with carbon on the structure of the rat liver. Histological examination revealed the hemodynamic disturbances in the stroma of the organ and degenerative changes of hepatocytes from 1 to 40 days of the experiment. Perls histochemical reaction demonstrated the accumulation of modified iron nanoparticles in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system of the liver. Number of Perlspositive macrophages decreased during the experiment from 1 to 40 per day.
FEATURES OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEENAGERS IN THE TOMSK REGION
Authors: Deyev I. A. , Kolomeyets I. L. , Kamaltynova Ye. M. , Kulikov Ye. S. , Levko A. N. , Fyodorova O. S. , Kulikova K. V. , Yurkova V. I.
Published: June 2020

Objective.To study the physical growth and development of adolescents (aged 13–16 years) living in the Tomsk region. 

Material and Methods.This study is a framework (№299 from 18.07.2011) of the Department of Health Care of Tomsk region, we analyzed the results of medical examinations of adolescents (n = 7120, average age 13.98 ± 0.04, 49.87% – boys). Measurements of height and weight, the circumference of the chest and head (data rounded to 0.1 kg and 0.1 cm, respectively) are taken. The body mass index (BMI) is calculated as the ratio of weight (kg) / height2 (m2). Statistical analysis was performed using the software package Statistica for Windows 10.0 and the software StatCalc 6.0.

Results.Average height of adolescents is (163.10 ± 0.09) cm. On Average boys are taller than girls ((165.34 ± 0.15) cm and (160.87 ± 0.11) cm, p < 0.001). The body weight is (53.99 ± 0.13) kg (boys – (55.28 ± 0.20) kg, girls – (52.72 ± 0.17) kg, p < 0.001). Boys chest circumference is (79.26 ± 0.30) cm, girls is (79.99 ± 0.13) cm, head circumference are (55.43 ± 0.07) cm and (54.77 ± 0.04) cm, respectively (p < 0.01). The results show difference between Tomsk boys and rest of the Russia Federation. The average BMI is (20.20 ± 0.04) kg/m2 (girls – (20.32 ± 0.07), boys – (20.08 ± 0.06) kg/m2). The urban lifestyle in Tomsk Region leads to boys obesity.

Conclusion.The study revealed the regional physical growth and development characteristics. Anthropometric data in Tomsk region adolescents are higher than the same data in RF.
A Systematic Review About Use of TensorFlow for Image Classification and Word Embedding in the Brazilian Context
Authors: Pereira Padilha Thereza Patricia , Alves de Lucena Lucas Estanislau
Published: June 2020

A great deal of data are available on the Internet, and it is possible to extract any type of implicit knowledge using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to support decision making. The open-source TensorFlow framework, developed by the Google Brain Team in 2015, is, presently, the most used tool for several AI applications, such as image classification, word embedding, and chatbot development. This paper presents results of a systematic review of the use of the TensorFlow framework for image classification and word embedding applications written in Portuguese language and in the Brazilian context. We used Google Scholar as Academic Search Engine and 90 were retrieved initially. However, just 12 were remained for reading and obtaining of the main information. Title, publication year, used domain, type of application and covered scope were collected from papers retrieved to accelerate studies in the AI area and to disseminate the potential of this framework for emerging challenges.
Capillary Regression, A Key Pathogenic Feature of COVID-19 Infection?
Authors: Davis George E. , Griffin Courtney T.
Published: June 2020

In this brief communication, we propose the concept that capillary regression may represent a primary pathogenic process underlying COVID-19 infection, particularly in the serious and life-threatening manifestations of the disease. We suggest that the marked elevations of pro-inflammatory mediators that are observed in these seriously ill patients may directly induce capillary regression and endothelial cell (EC) loss. Recent autopsy studies are demonstrating EC loss leading to widespread microthrombi and associated tissue damage. Recent work has indicated that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and thrombin, individually and in combination, can potently cause capillary tube regression in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Other pro-inflammatory mediators including interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were also shown to be pro-regressive and could be relevant mediators in COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, combinations of pharmacologic agents were identified that reduced capillary regression and protected capillary tube networks against these pro-inflammatory mediators. Such an approach might be an important therapeutic option going forward to treat key disease states where capillary regression plays a major underlying pathogenic role. Finally, if capillary regression is occurring in response to these pro-inflammatory mediators during COVID-19 infection, we suggest that combinations of blocking agents directed to these key pro-regressive mediators might be necessary to appropriately treat patients.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI NILAI ANAK TERHADAP GAYA PENGASUHAN PADA KELUARGA DENGAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Martiastuti Kenty
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai anak dan gaya pengasuhan yang diterapkan pada keluarga dengan anak usia dini serta menganalisis pengaruh nilai anak terhadap gaya pengasuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua lembaga PAUD di wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan dan Kota Depok dengan responden sebanyak 61 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi nilai anak (value of children) menggunakan dimensi yang dimodikasi dari Nauck (2014) dan gaya pengasuhan menggunakan instrumen Primary Caregivers Practices Report (PCPR) dari Robinson (1995). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara nilai psikologi dan nilai ekonomi pada anak laki-laki dan anak perempuan. Terlihat pula adanya pengaruh persepsi nilai anak terhadap gaya pengasuhan dengan R2 = 0,153 dan signifikan pada taraf nyata 95 persen. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik persepsi orang tua tentang nilai anak maka akan semakin baik pula gaya pengasuhan yang diterapkan. Persepsi nilai anak mempengaruhi gaya pengasuhan sebesar 15,3 persen dan selebihnya merupakan faktor lain.

Kata kunci: anak usia dini, gaya pengasuhan, nilai anak

 

Influence of Children’s Value Perception on Parenting Style In

Families with Early Childhood Children

 Abstract

This study aims to identify the value of children and parenting styles that are applied to families with early childhood and analyze the influence of value of children ​​on parenting style. This research was conducted in two early childhood institutions in the area of ​​South Tangerang City and Depok City with 61 respondents. Data collected from this study are the perception of the value of children using a modified dimension from Nauck (2014) and parenting style using the Primary Caregivers Practices Report (PCPR) instrument from Robinson (1995). The results showed a difference between the psychological value of children and the economic value of children in boy and girl. Also seen is the effect of the perception of value of children on parenting style with R2 = 0.153 and significant at 95 percent level. This means that the better the parent's perception of the value of children, the better parenting style that is applied. Perception of the value of children affects parenting style by 15.3 percent and the rest is another factor.

Keywords: early childhood children, parenting style, value of children
Implementasi Etnosains dalam Pembelajaran IPA di SD Muhammadiyah Alam Surya Mentari Surakarta
Authors: Puspasari Afrin , Susilowati Indah , Kurniawati Lilis , Utami Resiana Ridha , Gunawan Indra , Sayekti Ika Candra
Published: June 2020

The swift flow of globalization has led to increasingly eroded Indonesian local cultural values. This has caused a shift in neglected cultural values and local wisdom. Therefore, an approach is needed, namely ethnoscience in the learning process. This study purposed to determine whether The Elementary School of Muhammadiyah Alam Surya Mentari has applied ethnoscience in science learning and describe the implementation of ethnoscience based on science learning in The Elementary School of Muhammadiyah Alam Surya Mentari. The method used was descriptive qualitative research design. The results of the study showed that the planning of science learning based on ethnoscience approach in This School was still unplanned, but the school had unconsciously implemented ethnoscience approach. The implementation of science based on ethnoscience learning was by integrating between the material with the environment, culture, and social in the environment. Evaluation of the implementation of ethnoscience based on science learning included cognitive, affective, and psychomotor evaluation in accordance with evaluation standards in the 2013 curriculum.
Integrasi Nilai-nilai Al Islam dalam Mata Kuliah Fluida Melalui Model Pembelajaran Pemaknaan
Authors: Sartika Septi Budi , Faizah Ima
Published: June 2020

The research aims to describe the implementation of fluid lectures in classrooms and laboratories on the integration of Al-Islam values through the Pemaknaan Learning Models, analyzing student learning outcomes, and describing Students' response in fluid lecturing through the Pemaknaan Learning Models. The study was conducted in 4 academic year students 2018/2019 a number of 18 students. The results showed that: 1) fluid lecturing in classes as well as in laboratories is carried out well, linking the concept of fluid to the values of Al-Islam; 2) Student learning results of the minimum B category; and 3) 88% of students respond positively to the fluid lecture by integrating Al-Islam's values through a learning model of use.
Praksis Pendidikan Perspektif Integrasi Sains dan Islam
Authors: Khozin Khozin
Published: June 2020

Commonly, practice of islamic education implementation is dichotomic. Muhammadiyah as a pioneer of modern islamic education in Indonesia in its implementation has tried to pair up science and Islam, both institutionally and scienctifically. Scientifically proven that school system in past was only taught science, whereas islamic boarding taught only Islam. Muhammadiyah through its education system offers the integration of science and Islam through religious education which is now popularly called al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan education. At PTMA there are also Islamic Studies which are carried out by FAI in almost every Muhammadiyah university. While institutionally generally Muhammadiyah universities provide mushalla or mosques to complement their school infrastructure, even in the organizational structure there are officials who are directly in charge of al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan. It all is still not integrated as a whole that benefits both science and institutions. Science has not been integrated in the subject of the study of al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan, and vice versa.
Marcel van Ackeren with Lee Klein (eds.), Philosophy and the Historical Perspective. Proceedings of the British Academy 214, Oxford, Oxford University Press for The British Academy, 2018, x + 253 pp., ISBN: 9780197266298. Cloth £65
Authors: DOLD DOMINIC
Published: June 2020

Reseñado por DOMINIC DOLD Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, DE ddold@mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de
Philip Knox, Johnathan Morton, and Daniel Reeve (eds.), Medieval Thought Experiments: Poetry, Hypothesis, and Experience in the European Middle Ages, Turnhout, Brepols, 2018, vii + 339 pp., ISBN: 9782503576213. Cloth €90
Authors: PHILLIPSON TRACI
Published: June 2020

Reseñado por TRACI PHILLIPSON Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA traci.phillipson@marquette.edu
Avicenna Latinus, Liber primus naturalium: Tractatus tertius de his quae habent naturalia ex hoc quod habent quantitatem, edited by Jules Janssens. Brussels, Académie Royale de Belgique, 2017, vi + 22* + 161 pp., ISBN: 9782803106189. Cloth €84
Authors: LAMMER ANDREAS
Published: June 2020

Review by ANDREAS LAMMER Universität Trier, DE lammer@uni-trier.de
Jacopo Francesco Falà and Irene Zavattero (eds.), Divine Ideas in Franciscan Thought (XIIIth-XIVth Century). Flumen Sapientiae 8, Roma, Aracne, 2018, 504 pp., ISBN: 9788825521917. Cloth €28
Authors: RAMIS RAFAEL
Published: June 2020

Reseñado por RAFAEL RAMIS BARCELÓUniversitat de les Illes Balears – IEHM, Palma, ESr.ramis@uib.es
Tone Classification Matches Kodàly Handsign with the K-Nearest Neighbor Method at Leap Motion Controller
Authors: Croassacipto Muhammad , Ichwan Muhammad , Utami Dina Budhi
Published: June 2020

Hands can produce a variety of poses in which each pose can have a meaning or purpose that can be used as a form of communication determined according to a general agreement or who communicate. Hand pose can be used as human interaction with the computer is faster, intuitive, and in line with the natural function of the human body called Handsign. One of them is Kodàly Handsign, made by a Hungarian composer named Zoltán Kodály, which is a concept in music education in Hungary. This hand sign is used in interactive angklung performances in determining the tone that will be played by the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm classification process based on hand poses. This classification process is performed on the extracted data from Leap Motion Controller, which takes Pitch, Roll, and Yaw values based on basic aircraft principle. The results of the research were conducted five times with the value of k periodically 1,3,5,7,9 with test data consisting pose of 874 Do', 702 Si, 913 La, 612 Sol, 661 Fa, 526 Mi, 891 Re, and 1004 Do punctuation on 21099 training data. The test results can recognize hand poses with the optimal k value k=1 with an accuracy level of 94.87%.
Determination of chromium (VI) in the dust of gas treatment plants in steelmaking plants.
Authors: Makarov V. A. , Savosteenko T. K.
Published: June 2020

The requirements for the content of hexavalent chromium in cements and raw materials for its manufacture are described. The problem with the utilization of dust from gas treatment plants of metallurgical plants at metallurgical enterprises is given. The influence of the chemical composition of the dust of gas cleaning plants of metallurgical plants on the determination of hexavalent chromium is established. A method for measuring the hexavalent chromium in the dust of gas cleaning plants of metallurgical plants by the photometric method is described. A method has been developed for extracting hexavalent chromium from dust at the cleaning units of metallurgical plants for subsequent photometric determination. An extraction method has been established to prevent underestimation of the hexavalent chromium content. The determination of hexavalent chromium was based on the formation of a blue-violet complex with diphenylcarbazide. Calibration was carried out on aque solutions with a known concentration of hexavalent chromium. For the preparation of calibration solutions, potassium dichromate of chemical purity was used. The concentration of hexavalent chromium in each calibration solution was carried out by a calculation method, overlapping the entire measurement range. The measurement of optical density was carried out on a photoelectric colorimeter type KFK-3, at a wavelength of 540 nm. Analysis of the obtained calibration dependence showed a good correlation. The calibration factor was calculated using the least square method. Extraction of hexavalent chromium from the sample to be analyzed was performed with water. The reducing effect of iron was eliminated with a solution of phosphoric acid. The developed technique is used when conducting certification control of dust from gas cleaning units of metallurgical plants, as well as during research.

A validation procedure was carried out. Obtained acceptable limits of repeatability and reproducibility of the method.
Relativity: chronoeometric drawings
Authors: Sazonenko I. O. , Sazonenko V. . I.
Published: June 2020

Basedon the simplest representations, questions of relativistic compactification of reference systems with relative virtual motion, non-locality of pseudo-reference frames of world constants and Schrödinger’s thesis on the completeness of the general and incompleteness of the particular are considered.
LIVABILITY AND RECOVERY RATE OF BALI CATTLE SPERMATOZOA DURING PRESERVATION IN TRIS-BASED EGG YOLK DILUENT WITH DIFFERENT SUCROSE LEVELS
Authors: Yendraliza Yendraliza , Tania Tania , Misrianti Restu , Zumarni Zumarni
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of sucrose addition in tris-based egg yolk diluent in maintaining and protecting spermatozoa during preservation. The design of this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of five treatments with ten replications. The treatments were tris-based egg yolk diluent without sucrose (P0, control), tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.2% sucrose (P1), tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.3% sucrose (P2), tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.4% sucrose (P3) and tris-based egg yolk diluent with 0.5% sucrose (P4). The parameters measured were motility, livability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, and recovery rate. Semen was evaluated 2 times, freshly after being collected and post thawed. The results showed that the increase level of sucrose addition from 0.2% to 0.5% increased the motility value from 43.59% to 48.15%, the livability value from 51.24% to 55.45%, the intact plasma membrane value from 44.66% to 48.21%, the recovery rate value from 54.6% to 60.2 %, and reduce the abnormality value from 13.49%-10.24%. It can be concluded that the addition of 0.2- 0.5% sucrose in tris-based egg yolk diluent could increase motility, livability, intact plasma membrane, recovery rate, and could reduce the abnormalities of Bali cattle spermatozoa during preservation
FLEAS OF CTENOCEPHALIDES (SIPHONOPTERA: PULICIDAE) ON CAT AND DOG IN HOME ENVIRONMENT, PALEMBANG CITY
Authors: Sumah Astrid Sri Wahyuni , Puspitasari Ririn , Forwanto Delsan Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Dogs and cats are often kept as pets, thus they stay close to humans. Parasitic/zoonotic diseases in humans were often caused by ectoparasite in cats and dogs. This study aimed to determine the morphological differences between cat fleas and dog fleas and the prevalence of cats and dogs infested by fleas around the home environment in Ilir Barat 1 District, Palembang City. The method used was descriptive exploratory method with field observation techniques and specimen collection. The study was conducted in November - December 2018 in five Sub-districts, (Bukit Lama, Bukit Baru, Lorok Pakjo, Demang Lebar Daun, and 26 Ilir 1). The results showed that cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and dog fleas (Ctenocephalides canis) had different color and some morphological differences, such as the shape of the head, the number of spines in the genal comb, the number of notches in the tibia, and the number of seta in the metapisternum. The highest prevalence of fleas infestation in cats was in Bukit Lama and 26 Ilir 1 (33.3%), while the highest prevalence of infestation in dogs was in Demang Lebar Daun Village (36.6%). Only in Lorok Pakjo Sub-district that no dog fleas infesting dogs are found. __________________________________________________________
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND VIRULENCE-CODING GENES CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATED FROM LAYING HEN BRAIN WITH TETELO SYMPTOM
Authors: Sarah Safira Iqlima , Nugroho Christian Marco Hadi , Kurnia Ryan Septa , Wardhana Dhandy Koesoemo , Puspitasari Heni
Published: June 2020

Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute poultry disease caused by Paramyxovirus group. It has characteristic neurological symptoms, called torticollis. The molecular assay to find out the presence of viral genes in the brain can be an option in detecting ND virus infections since it penetrates brain barrier system. The purpose of this study was to identify ND viruses in the brain of chickens with torticollis symptoms, to analyze its phylogenetic and to characterize its virulence genetic code. Samples used were 12 dead chickens with historically had torticollis symptoms, obtained from poultry farms at several areas in West Java and Banten. Chicken brains were prepared for reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. All positive samples then sequenced to obtain its nucleotide sequences from some of Fusion (F) genes analyzed its phylogenetic by comparing with Indonesian ND isolate virus from GenBank using Mega X software. The results of RT-PCR test showed that only one sample (Virus MSL.03) contained genes of ND virus. Based on homology tests and phylogenetic analysis, the virus belonged to subgenotype VIIh with an identical level of 95.34-95.86% when compared to several isolates from Indonesia. The MSL.03 ND virus has 112RRRKRF117 pattern in F0 indicatest its virulent category.
SEASONAL EFFECT ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF MURRAH BUFFALO BULLS RAISED UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATE
Authors: Isnaini Nurul , Harsi Tri , Maharani Devi
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate the seasonal variation on semen characteristics of Murrah buffalo bulls in Indonesia. A total of three Murrah buffalo bulls were included in this study. The semen was collected once a week during the rainy season (from January to April and from October to December) and the dry season (from May to September). Immediately after collection, the semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm output, individual motility, post-thawing motility, and straw production were evaluated. The results showed that the season did not change (P0.05) the semen volume, individual motility, and post-thawing motility. However, sperm concentration, total sperm output, and straw production were decreased in the dry season (P0.05) as compared to the rainy season. In conclusion, several semen characteristics of Murrah buffalo bulls may vary depending on the season of collection. The semen collection during the rainy season is more profitable than the dry season.
Study of Tissue Cyst Formation Time of Toxoplasma gondii in Mice
Authors: Hanafiah M. , Nurcahyo Wisnu , S Sumartono
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the research was to study a tissue cyst formation time Toxoplasma gondiiexperimentally. A number of 84 mice were divided randomly into four groups. Each group consisted of 21mice. The mice of the group I were infected with 101, II with 102 and III with 10 tachyzoites respectivelyintraperitoneally, whereas the group IV as a control (not infected with tachyzoites). All infected micewere treated with sulfadiazine, 15 mg/mouse per oral diluted in drinking water, for 5 days. On first untiltwenty first day after treatment one mouse of each group was necropsied. Liver, lymph, kidney, lung,heart, brain, or diaphragm muscle were then taken for histological preparations. Data on tissue cystformation time was analysed descriptively. The research revealed that innoculation with tachyzoites 103cyst could be found on day 14th after infection of liver, 102 cyst was found on the 6 day of liver, in day7th in heart and brain on day 10th of after infection, 103 cyst was found on day 4th inheart and brain in day 7thth in liver, day 6 after infection, while in the control dosage there is no formation similar to cyst found.Keywords: cyst, tissue, T. gondii, mice th1
METAL CONTAMINATION OF THREE COMMERCIALLY FISH SPECIES COLLECTED FROM ACEH (INDONESIA) AND PENANG (MALAYSIA)
Authors: Sofia Sofia
Published: June 2020

Concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) were determined in muscle and liver tissue in the three commercially fish species, the Indian mackerel (Rastrellinger kanagurta), the tuna (Euthynnus affinis), and the tripletail (Lobotes surinamensis) collected from Aceh (Indonesia) and Penang (Malaysia). In this study, metal concentrations were found highest in the liver tissue compared to the muscle for all fish species (P0.05). Concentrations ofmetals in the liver were in the range of 0.05 to 0.4 0g/g dry wt for Pb, from 0.13 to 0.67 0g/g dry wt. for Cd, and 1.17 to 3.54 0g/g dry wt. for Cu. While in the muscle, Pb content were in the range of 0.02 to 0.14 0g/g dry wt.; Cd at below 0.12 0g/g dry wt.; and Cu at below 0.54 0g/g dry wt. On the average, among locations, Pb, Cd, and Cu contamination were found significantly higher (P0.05) in samples collected from Aceh (Indonesia). However, levels of metals in the fish studied were not exceeded the guideline values for food as recommended by Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, UK and the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Histopathological Changes of Erythrocyte and Quantity of immature Erythrocytes in Tegal Duckling (Anas Javanica) Induced by Lead (Pb)
Authors: Budiman Hamdani , Aliza Dwinna
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to find out the histopathological changes of erythrocyte and the quantity of immature erythrocyte of tegal duckling treated with lead (Pb). Twenty five young female ducks with the age of 7 days and 60.55.07 g body weight alloted into 4 treatment groups and 1 control group (Ko) with 5 replication each. The treatment group fed with K1 (5.7), K2 (11.4), K3 (17.1), and K4 (22.8) mg Pb/kg body weight for 10 days, respectively. Young ducks showed clinical symptoms such as the color of feces were brown to black, green color of diarrhea, anemic and decreasing body weight. Histopathologically, erythrocyte showed that immature and abnormal in shape (like teardrops, dumb bell, and bottles). The result of variant analysis followed by linier regression shows that the higher the dosage of Pb in diet the higher the quantity of immature erythrocyte andabnormal erythrocyte shape found (P0.01).
Identification and Distribution of Species Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Broiler in Banda Aceh
Authors: Rusli Rusli , Hanafiah Muhammad
Published: June 2020

A research has been done to identify the distribution of Culicoides species in Banda Aceh. Culicoides samples were collected by using modified Center for Disease Control (CDC) Miniatur Light Trap. All Culicoides samples has choice a small measured, were identified morfologically. The result showed that the number species Culicoides has caught in Ulee Kareng are: C. huffi, C. arakawae and C. shultzei, whereas in Alue Naga are C. huffi and C. shultzei. The distribution of species Culicoides in Ulee Kareng are: C. huffi has 22, C. arakawae 13 and C. shultzei 11. The average distribution of Culicoides in Alue Naga are C. huffi has 11 and C. shultzei has 4 .
The Effect of Centrifugation on Semen Quality of Peranakan Ettawah Goat's Post Thawing
Authors: Indiah Indiah , Wahjuningsih Sri
Published: June 2020

The aim of the research was to determine the optimum of centrifugation on the quality of Peranakan Ettawah goat's spermatozoa prepared for in vitro fertilization preparation.The research of material was frozen semen ofPeranakan Ettawah goat produced by Artificial Insemination Center in Singosari with minimum post thawing motility in 40%. The method of the research was an experiment method with the four treatment, i.e: 1000 (P1), 1500 (P2), 2000 rpm (P3) of different centrifugation. The variable observes were spermatozoa motility, spermatozoa viability, and abnormal morphology of spermatozoa. Data obtain was analyzed statistically using Completely Randomize Design and continued with Tukey test. The result showed that on the upper layer of each treatment (P1, P2, and P3) obtained 55,72±3,55; 69,55±3,35; and 55,19±2,72% for spermatozoa motility, 62,99±5,87; 73,99±4,36; and 57,39±9,22% for spermatozoa viability, and 7,19±3,64; 8,84±2,65; and 6,40±3,00% for abnormal morphology of spermatozoa, descriptively. While on the lower layer the result showed 55,59±3,99; 68,63±3,88; and57,61±2,20% for spermatozoa motility, 70,05±7,47; 77,44±1,08; and 69,93±11,98% for spermatozoa viability, and 10,36±6,20; 9,55±3,27; and 8,09±2,80% for abnormal morphology of spermatozoa, desciptively. It was concluded that centrifugation in 1500 rpm showed the highest motility and viability on the upper layer and lower layer.
Quantifying the Impact of 2D and 3D Fractures on Permeability in Wellbore Cement after Uniaxial Compressive Loading
Authors: Yang Xinxiang , Kuru Ergun , Gingras Murray , Iremonger Simon , Taylor Jared , Lin Zichao , Chase Preston
Published: June 2020

Stress-induced fractures in wellbore cement can form high-risk pathways for methane or carbon dioxide leakage, yet little to no quantitative information on the impact of these fractures has been reported. To investigate this, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) techniques were used to quantify the 2D and 3D geometrical parameters of cement fractures in mature thermal thixotropic cement samples that were subjected to pre- and post-peak compressive stress. A novel simulation method was also proposed to quantify the impact of the stress-induced realistic 3D fractures on the cement permeability.

Results show that, for prepeak samples, 90% of the 2D fractures have length and width smaller than 100 and 5 µm, respectively. Although higher compressive stress reshaped the 3D fractures and increased the fracture length and width, no well-propagated fractures were observed. For post-peak samples, distinctly visible (>0.1 mm) well-propagated fractures were generated but failed to penetrate the entire sample; therefore, the effect of stress-induced fractures (up to 1.0% strain) on cement sample's permeability is limited. CT-based 3D visualization and simulation both show that inclusion of a correctly engineered fiber additive can blunt the fracture propagation in cement samples.

We conclude that the fractures in cement matrix created by the monotonic compressive stress (up to the limit of uniaxial compressive strength) are not likely to form continuous leakage pathways. This is because the 2D fractures in cement matrix as shown by SEM images are in limited dimensions, whereas the 3D fractures in cement matrix observed from CT-based 3D models have poor connectivity, generally indicating that leakage pathways of significant permeability would not form as a result of compressing the cement samples up to their uniaxial compressive strength limit. Inclusion of a fiber additive is expected to enhance cement integrity by limiting the fracture propagation.
The efficacy of allograft bone using titanium mesh in the posterior-only surgical treatment of thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Bingjin , Hua Wenbin , Ke Wencan , Zhang Yukun , Zeng Xianlin , Yang Cao
Published: June 2020

Background: The bony fusion of allograft bone using titanium mesh in the posterior-only surgical treatment of thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis has not been explained in detail. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of bony fusion of allograft bone using titanium mesh in the posterior-only surgical treatment of thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.Methods: We treated 32 thoracic or thoracolumbar tuberculosis patients by one-stage posterior debridement, allograft bone graft using titanium mesh, posterior instrumentation, and fusion from May 2011 to September 2015. The American Spinal Injury Association neurological classification, visual analog scale, and Oswestry disability index scores were analyzed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. The Cobb angles were recorded to evaluate the kyphosis correction and the loss of correction. The bony fusion was evaluated by X-ray and computed tomography images, and the bony fusion classifications were recorded.Results: All patients had pain relief. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-response protein, and hepatorenal function were normal at final follow-up. The American Spinal Injury Association neurological classification, visual analog scale, and Oswestry disability index scores were improved in all the patients. All patients achieved bone fusion. Twenty-eight patients achieved complete fusion (Grade I), whereas only four patients achieved partial fusion (Grade II). The preoperative Cobb angle was 33.6±9.3°. The Cobb angle was reduced to 10.6±2.6° postoperatively and was found to be 11.4±3.1° at the final follow-up. The mean angle correction was 23.0±8.9°, and the correction rate was 66.2±12.2%. The mean angle lost was 0.8±0.9°, and the lost rate was 5.8±5.4% at the final follow-up.Conclusions: Allograft bone using titanium mesh in the posterior-only surgical treatment is effective for patients with thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. It can correct kyphosis, and most patients can achieve complete bony fusion.
Public trust and Global Biobank Networks
Authors: Dive Lisa , Critchley Christine , Otlowski Margaret , Mason Paul , Wiersma Miriam , Light Edwina , Stewart Cameron , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy
Published: June 2020

Background Biobanks provide an important foundation for genomic and personalised medicine. In order to enhance their scientific power and scope, they are increasingly becoming part of national or international networks. Public trust is essential in fostering public engagement, encouraging donation to, and facilitating public funding for biobanks. Globalisation and networking of biobanking may challenge this trust. Methods We report the results of an Australian study examining public attitudes to the networking and globalisation of biobanks. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods in conjunction with bioethical analysis to in order to determine factors that may contribute to, and threaten, trust.Results Our results indicate a generally high level of trust in biobanks and in medical research more broadly. Key factors that can reduce perceived trustworthiness of biobanks are commercialisation and involvement in global networking. Conclusions We conclude that robust ethical oversight and governance standards can both promote trust in global biobanking and ensure that this trust is warranted.
Contribution of major food companies and their products to household dietary sodium purchases in Australia
Authors: Coyle Daisy Hannah , Shahid Maria , Dunford Elizabeth K , Mhurchu Cliona Ni , Mckee Sarah , Santos Myla , Popkin Barry M , Trieu Kathy , Marklund Matti , Taylor Fraser , Neal Bruce , Wu Jason HY
Published: June 2020

Background: The Australian federal government will soon release voluntary sodium reduction targets for 30 packaged food categories through the Healthy Food Partnership. Previous assessments of voluntary targets show variable industry engagement, and little is known about the extent that major food companies and their products contribute to dietary sodium purchases among Australian households. Methods: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the relative contribution that food companies and their products made to Australian household sodium purchases in 2018, and to examine differences in sodium purchases by household income level. We used one year of grocery purchase data from a nationally representative consumer panel of Australian households who reported their grocery purchases (the Nielsen Homescan panel), combined with database that contains product-specific sodium content for packaged foods and beverages (FoodSwitch). The top food companies and food categories were ranked according to their contribution to household sodium purchases. Differences in per capita sodium purchases by income levels were assessed by 1-factor ANOVA. All analyses were modelled to the Australian population in 2018 using sample weights. Results: Sodium data were available from 7,188 households who purchased 26,728 unique products and purchased just under 7.5 million food product units. Out of 1,329 food companies, the top 10 accounted for 35% of unique products and contributed to 58% of all sodium purchased from packaged foods and beverages. The top three companies were grocery food retailers each contributing 12-15% of sodium purchases from sales of their private label products, particularly processed meat, cheese and bread. Out of the 67 food categories, the top 10 accounted for 73% of sodium purchased, particularly driven by purchases of processed meat (14%), bread (12%) and sauces (11%). Low-income Australian households purchased significantly more sodium from packaged products than high-income households per capita (452mg/d, 95%CI: 363-540mg/d, P<0.001). Conclusions: A small number of food companies and food categories account for most of the dietary sodium purchased by Australian households. Prioritizing government engagement with these groups could deliver a large reduction in population sodium intake.
Hepcidin and GDF-15 are potential biomarkers of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in South Africa
Authors: NALADO AISHATU MUHAMMAD , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Dix-Peek Therese , Dickens Caroline , Khambule Lungile , Snyman Tracy , Paget Graham , Mahlangu Johnny , Duarte Raquel , George JAYA , Naicker Saraladevi
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIron deficiency anaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. There is a paucity of information on the role of hepcidin and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as potential biomarkers of iron deficiency anaemia among non-dialysis CKD patients. This study aimed to determine the utility of hepcidin and GDF-15 as biomarkers of iron deficiency among non-dialysis CKD patients at an academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.MethodA cross-sectional study of 312 consecutive consenting non-dialysis CKD patients and 184 controls at Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital was conducted from June 2016 to December 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Plasma hepcidin and GDF-15 were measured using mass spectrometry and ELISA, respectively. Spearman rank correlation, linear and logistic regression and receiver operator curves were utilised to evaluate the predictive and diagnostic/reference values of hepcidin and GDF-15 in absolute and functional iron deficiency anaemia.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 49.7 ±15.8 years, and 50.6% of them were females. The predictive value of diagnosing absolute iron deficiency anaemia among CKD patients using GDF-15 was 74.02% (95% CI: 67.62% - 80.42%) while the predictive value of diagnosing functional iron deficiency anaemia among CKD patients using hepcidin was 70.1% (95% CI: 62.79% - 77.49%).There was a weak negative correlation between hepcidin levels and GFR (r=-0.19, p=0.04) in anaemic CKD patients, and between serum GDF-15 and haemoglobin (r=-0.34, p=0.001). Serum ferritin (β=0.00389, P-value<0.001), was a predictor of log hepcidin. MCHC (β= -0.0220, P-value 0.005) and CKD stage (β=0.4761, P-value <0.001), race (β = 0.3429, P-value = 0.018) were predictors of log GDF-15. Both GDF-15 (adj OR: 1.0003, 95%CI: 1.0001 – 1.0005, P=0.017) and hepcidin (adj OR: 1.003, 95%CI: 1.0004 – 1.0055, P=0.023) were associated with iron deficiency anaemia after multiple linear regression modelling. Subgroup analysis showed that GDF-15 predicted absolute iron deficiency, while hepcidin predicted functional iron deficiency anaemiaConclusionGDF-15 and hepcidin are potential predictors of iron deficiency anaemia among CKD patients.