bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Review On Ego-Strength And Organisational Performance
Authors: Arasu Dr R.
Published: March 2022

In spite of individuals' best expectations and extensive adverse results, individuals
regularly end up at the losing end of opposing enticement, battling asks, and changing their
conduct. One explanation behind these disappointments might be that striving control drains
a restricted asset (ego-depletion) that is important for the achievement of self-control.
Henceforth, subsequent to striving control people are less capable oppose allurements, battle
desires, or stop a conduct which results in lost self-control. This section audits the
confirmation for this hypothesis in a wide assortment of areas and inspects what practices
seem to exhaust ego quality and how depletion influences conduct. A thorough hypothesis
that analyzes how depletion works is advanced and this hypothesis is utilized to look at some
variables that may direct the depletion impact
An Empirical Study On Employee's Welfare Facilities In Hospitals In Madurai
Authors: Arasu Dr R.
Published: March 2022

Wellbeing, security and welfare are the measures of advancing the productivity
of representative. The different welfare measures gave by the business will have prompt
effect on the wellbeing, physical and mental proficiency, readiness, spirit and general
effectiveness of the laborer and along these lines adding to the higher efficiency. The
essential propose of representative welfare is to improve the life of workers and to keep them
upbeat and directed. Welfare measures might be both statutory and non-statutory; laws
require the business to extend certain advantages to representatives notwithstanding wages
or pay rates. In the present study an endeavor has been made to think about the worker
welfare offices and its effect on representatives effectiveness at Apollo healing center,
Madurai The study demonstrate the Employees welfare offices and its effect on workers
productivity at Apollo clinic, Madurai seem great. The normal mean score and rate score of
the generally speaking of 22 things has been figured at 3.64(66%).It can be presume that the
worker welfare offices gave by the organization to representatives are fulfilled and it is
exemplary, yet of degree is there for further change. So that proficiency, viability and
profitability can be improved to perform the hierarchical objectives.
Kepercayaan Publik, Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskus Dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi Kasus Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Di Daerah Bantul)
Authors: Paot Novi Bergita
Published: March 2022

Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan pengaruh Kepercayaan Masyarakat, Kualitas Pelayanan Fiskal dan Sanksi Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi Kasus Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Wilayah Bantul).

Metode: Sampel penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Bantul. Sampel dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 180 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan metode cluster random sampling.

Temuan: Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan masyarakat berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Kualitas pelayanan perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi dan sanksi perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi.

Kebaruan: Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepercayaan masyarakat menjadi penentu peningkatan kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam melaksanakan kewajiban membayar dan melaporkan pajak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperkuat hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan teori-teori yang ada.
"Financial performance of European companies involved in environmental activities of corporate social responsibility"
Authors:   ", Ștefea  Petru ,   West University of Timisoara,  Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Romania", Noja Grațiela Georgiana ,   "West University of Timisoara,  Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Romania", Grecu  Irina-Maria ,   "West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Romania"
Published: March 2022

"The purpose of this research is to determine the linkages and interdependencies between the financial performance of companies with an economic activity carried out in European countries and the specific dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), focusing on the environmental component. The research is based on network analysis which implies the configuration of Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The research endeavour entails the economic determinants that lead to the involvement of companies in social responsibility activities and measures their influence on the financial results and the structure of the companies’ specific management strategies."
Are happier taxpayers willing to pay higher taxes?
Authors:   ", Tudorică Raluca ,   West University of Timișoara,  Romania", Vătavu Sorana ,   "West University of Timișoara,  Romania"
Published: March 2022

"This paper aims to study the relationship between taxation and citizens’ behaviour and happiness, through the analysis of a questionnaire, focused on identifying whether or not citizens would be willing to pay higher taxes to benefit from better public services offered by the government. We observed the main characteristics of the tax system in Romania compared to other countries, making a comparison and explaining the best scenarios in each country through the latest taxation trends, and we studied the impact of taxation on the citizens’ behaviour, feelings, and well-being. We observed how progressive taxation influences people’s well-being, satisfaction, and happiness. The analysis was built upon 114 questionnaire responses and the results are described through descriptive statistics and correlations. The main result indicated that indeed, citizens would pay higher taxes to receive better public services, and the answer to the question “Are happier citizens willing to pay higher taxes” is undoubtedly affirmative. Accordingly, citizens would pay higher taxes as long as the government will keep them safe, ensuring an increased level of satisfaction and well-being."
The impact of public funding on the development of Romanian agriculture after EU integration
Authors:   ", Matei Andrei – Cristian ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  of Iași", Onofrei Mihaela ,   "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  of Iași", Gavriluta Ioana ,   "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  of Iași", Gritco Domnita  ,   "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  of Iași", Cojocariu  Lenuța ,   "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  of Iași"
Published: March 2022

"The purpose of this research is to analyse the impact of public funding on the agricultural sector in Romania. The study highlights public institutions and their role in financing Romanian agriculture and shows the results obtained by analysing the effects of public funding on the agriculture sector, as very important for economy. In this sense, we present the functionality and the role of two important public institutions at national level, APIA and AFIR. The research methodology is based on qualitative methods using the inductive and deductive approach. The main conclusion of the study shows that public funding leads to an increase in the number of new farmers and an increase in agricultural entrepreneurial revenue. In the end, the research results can provide important guides in substantiating the financing of the needs of the agricultural sector for public decision makers, as well as its importance for the economy."
Application of asset tokenization, smart contracts and decentralized finance in agriculture
Authors:   ", Tarhini Mahmoud  ,   Bucharest University of Economic  Studies"
Published: March 2022

"This is a study for applying Decentralized Finance (DeFi) operations in a real life Agricultural finance application focusing on how assets tokenization in general and crop insurance in particular may take advantage of fundraising, global capital markets, atomic swap operations over blockchain and finally peer-to-peer trading without intermediaries under standardized regulations and revolutionary custodial services. Descriptive statistical data presentations such as graphs and tables are used to do the analysis and evaluate the development of the sector. The paper is exploring the boundaries and the depth of Decentralized Finance while focusing on Asset Tokenization Application that are being deployed mainly in different agri-businesses starting with crop insurance and ending up with tokenizing the products over blockchain. In conclusion, asset tokenization as a representational digital asset for a traditional financial instrument is becoming an increasingly important part of modern finance and “blockchainization” of the real world. This paper addresses how agriculture sector as production sector can use asset tokenization in securing the crops by smart contracts and issuing digital tokens to fundraising for micro-insurance. Also, using blockchain to tokenize the crops for future contracts while in the same time boosting the efficiency of the agribusiness finance, crop insurance, trading in primary and secondary markets as well as exploring new markets without intermediaries, are aspects that are found in the present research."
Determinantes da Gestão do Portfólio de Projetos (PPM) para a agilidade organizacional: proposta de um modelo conceitual
Authors: Moura Myrian Teixeira , Carvalho Rodrigo Baroni , Carvalho Larieira Cláudio Luís , Martens Cristina Dai Prá , Garcia Lopes Humberto Elias , Brandão Bernardes Maria Elisa
Published: March 2022

A resposta da organização às mudanças em seu ambiente é concretizada, frequentemente,  pela decomposição das estratégias em um portfólio de projetos. O gerenciamento do portfólio de projetos (Project Portfolio Management) afeta a velocidade e flexibilidade da execução dos projetos e, por extensão, da execução estratégica. A necessidade de gerar resultados em ciclos cada vez mais curtos realça a finalidade e pressiona a contribuição da gestão do portfólio para a agilidade nas dinâmicas organizacionais. No entanto, a literatura não detalha claramente como esta gestão integra as diferentes percepções e relações desencadeadas pelo trabalho estratégico e as incorpora em seus processos, amplificando ou restringindo a agilidade. Este estudo tem por objetivo efetuar uma revisão integrativa para em seguida propor um modelo conceitual que associa determinantes da estruturação e condução do portfólio de projetos para a agilidade organizacional.  A modelagem considerou quatro perspectivas teóricas sobre o portfólio de projetos: otimização, estratégica, tomada de decisão e organizacional. Palavras-chave e categorias teóricas foram organizadas numa modelagem em dois níveis, integrando múltiplos determinantes cuja aplicabilidade foi corroborada por pares. O modelo evidencia os seguintes determinantes que impactam a agilidade na resposta organizacional: clareza estratégica, qualidade da decisão, intensidade do controle e complexidade integrativa. Embora o modelo ainda demande validação empírica, combinando determinantes para agilidade em diferentes perpectivas PPM, em nível da definição e da execução,  o modelo proposto pode tornar mais prática e robusta a gestão dos portfólios, oferecendo referências para uma configuração orientada às prioridades de valor da organização.
A gestão de benefícios em um projeto de implantação de prontuário eletrônico do paciente: a perspectiva de profissionais da saúde sob à luz do modelo visual lifecyclecanvas®
Authors: Benvinda de Oliveira Pereira Illiana Rose , Da Silva Dantas Tereza Raquel , Da Silva Dmitryev Cyreneu , Lucena João Paulo Oliveira
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo relacionar a percepção de benefícios da implantação do Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP), na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde que integram um serviço de Atenção Domiciliar (AD), sob à luz do modelo visual de gestão de projetos (GP) Life Cycle Canvas® (LCC). Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado em uma organização do segmento da saúde e realizado por meio da aplicação de entrevistas em grupo com uso de roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado junto a profissionais usuários do PEP e equipe do projeto que utilizou o LCC como ferramenta de GP. Os achados da pesquisa são analisados por meio de uma análise temática com base no LCC do projeto. Os resultados evidenciam que os participantes da pesquisa demonstraram satisfação, embora não totalmente, com o uso do sistema, logo, os benefícios podem ser visualizados de forma mais evidente em longo prazo e com base na documentação desses aspectos, especialmente por parte da organização. Sob a ótica da equipe do projeto acredita-se que por ter mais maturidade em projetos foi possível identificar em sua fala, além dos benefícios almejados, oportunidades de melhorias, inclusive pela Gestão de Benefícios (GB) em projetos a serem desenvolvidos pelo serviço de AD. O estudo contribui na temática de GP com a experiência de uma organização da área da saúde que fez uso da ferramenta visual LCC e a observar a percepção dos benefícios gerados na visão dos profissionais envolvidos.
Validações de entregas em produtos desenvolvidos com métodos ágeis em uma startup Edtech
Authors: Takada Mariana Yumi , Matsuda Patricia Mari , Ferranty Maclennan Maria Laura
Published: March 2022

O objetivo do estudo de caso foi entender quais metodologias ágeis são utilizadas para a validação de entregáveis e posterior priorização de escopo, bem como atuar em oportunidades de melhoria nestas tomadas de decisão em uma startup Edtech. Para alcançar os resultados deste estudo, foi realizada pesquisa quantitativa com os funcionários do time de tecnologia da empresa. Os resultados indicam que há oportunidades de envolver e engajar mais os times, principalmente os relacionados à gestão de dados, gerando mais valor para o usuário do produto, além de melhor aplicação do ágil, validações com os usuários e inovação.
Main causes of upper limb belt injuries in judo and sambo
Authors: Błach Wiesław , Lapaeva Anastasija Genanadieyevna , Tabakov Sergey Yevgenevitch , Stelmach Przemysław
Published: March 2022

Background. The mechanism of injury in judo is related to the throwing technique and wrestling. According to some studies, injuries most often concern the upper limbs, as the fight begins with putting up both judokas. The right-hand or left-hand stance is a constant in every wrestler's sporting career that expresses the individual characteristics of the lateral organization of the brain . Some of the possible causes of upper limb injuries in sambists and judokas were analyzed in this paper. An attempt was made to find a relationship between the injuries suffered and the athletes' lateral preferences.
Materiał i metody. 32 sambists and judokas of various qualifications from upper limb inju­ries were examined (shoulder joint – 50%, elbow joint – 47%, both – 3%). Data was obtained on the nature of the injury, side preferences and the main technical activities of the athletes. The study did not take into account differences in sex, age and weight category.
Results. All athletes reported having received either surgery (34%) or conservative (66%) treatment. According to the respondents, the main causes of injury were overtraining (31%), fatigue (28%), weakening of ligaments and / or muscles (28%), and the rude of the enemy (22%). To a lesser extent these include poor warm-up (16%), weight reduction (3%) and low logistics (6%).
Conclusions. The study revealed no statistically significant relationship between the applied technique and LBP. As a consequence, athletes with right-sided posture more often sustained injuries of the right limb, and those with left-sided stance more often reported injuries of the left limb. Here, ground damage is eliminated as the lateral preference is less pronounced in this case.
Polish Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled – over 60 years of activity for people with disabilities
Authors: Pilecka Dorota
Published: March 2022

The paper presents the origins and development of the Polish Society for Re­ha­bilita­tion of the Disabled (PTWK) focused on key activities. Organizing the local structures was shown on the example of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The paper was prepared based on the methodology of historical research. The author studied historical sources, normative acts, press, reports, memoirs and oral accounts, and available literature. So far Henryk Wasz­kowski has written a few articles on the origin and development of the Polish Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled. This paper uses such research methods as analytical, synthetic, comparative, inductive and deductive. The processes were based on existing sources and in-depth analysis of the subject. The facts have been verified repeatedly and in several stages. Even though PTWK has undergone transformations over the sixty years of its existence, the motto "the best cure is movement and activity" always stay valid. The organization has been important in the promotion and development of rehabilitation, physical recreation, tourism for people with disabilities, as well as in the education and training of professionals. The activities carried out at the level of the regional branches in the following decades responded to the needs of the local communities. The activity guaranteed the various needs of people with disabilities.
Review of What Remains: Bringing America's Missing Home from the Vietnam War
Authors: Belcher William
Published: March 2022

Book Review of:

Sarah E. Wagner. What Remains: Bringing America’s Missing Home from the Vietnam War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2019. 304 pp.
Adaptación del protocolo Weldon Spring como propuesta para la búsqueda de cadáveres e indicios en superficie en áreas naturales protegidas y de conservación ecológica de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Caballero Valencia Lorena , Landa Erica
Published: March 2022

Las instituciones encargadas de administrar e impartir justicia de la Ciudad de México carecen de metodología, técnicas, protocolos y personal altamente capacitado para la búsqueda de personas desaparecidas, por tal razón, no existe una estructura, ni organización para tal acción. Para evitar que se siga actuando de manera empírica, decidimos proponer un modelo de búsqueda de cuerpos humanos e indicios en superficie, tomando en cuenta el conocimiento y experiencia del protocolo Weldon Spring, el cual fue creado, adoptado y aplicado en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica para casos de desastres masivos. La adaptación de dicho protocolo para la Ciudad de México está enfocado a las áreas naturales protegidas y áreas de conservación ecológica, debido a que son las zonas donde es más probable que se depositen cuerpos humanos, producto de delitos causados por los grupos de delincuencia organizada urbana. Es decir, esas áreas se encuentran geográficamente en las partes altas y alejadas de la ciudad, además de que son zonas que carecen de iluminación, medios de transporte, servicios y seguridad públicos; y que constituye el 23.7% del suelo en conservación. Con este modelo hacemos hincapié de la importancia de hacer un equipo sólido de trabajo, de conocer las áreas naturales, saber cómo está constituida la delincuencia organizada urbana, y también de la necesidad al aplicar la prospección remota y a pie, además de hacer un recorrido organizado que es en transectos, tomar en cuenta el impacto social y económico de usar elementos tecnológicos actuales para georreferenciar el sitio y la implementación de cédulas para registrar los eventos.
Treaty Override
Authors: Rosenbloom H. , Shaheen Fadi
Published: March 2022

This Article explores the conditions under which a U.S. statute overrides an earlier self-executing treaty. Focusing on the often blurred distinction between three types of statute-treaty relationships—reconcilableinconsistencies, textual repugnancies, and conflicts—the Article concludes that, contrary to a common view, there is no contradiction between the 1888 Supreme Court decision in Whitney v. Robertson, stating that in the event of a conflict between a statute and a treaty the later-in-time provision always controls, and the Court’s 1933 decision in Cook v. United States, holding that a later-in-time statute does not override an earlier treaty without a clear expression of congressional intent to override. The Article explains that Cook merely finds no conflict to which Whitney’s later-in-time rule might apply: Together, the two decisions harmoniously stand for the proposition that while typically a later-in-time treaty overrides an earlier repugnant statute, a later-in-time statute overrides an earlier repugnant treaty only if Congress has clearly expressed its intent to override or if not overriding the treaty would render the statute a nullity. Though the Court did not say as much, Cook’s approach is an application of the canon of construction favoring a specific provision over a general one. Reconceptualized this way, Cook cannot be said to give general primacy to treaties over statutes.
Designing Nonrecognition Rules Under the Internal Revenue Code
Authors: Brown Fred
Published: March 2022

Nonrecognition rules are a prominent feature of the income tax laws and are a source of considerable complexity and tax planning. Included among the nonrecognition rules contained in the Internal RevenueCode are provisions applying to like kind exchanges, corporate formations, corporate reorganizations, parent-subsidiary liquidations, and partnership formations and distributions. The policies that arguably support the nonrecognition rules include the familiar trio of tax policy concerns—efficiency, equity, and tax administration. None of these policies, however, provide a strong basis for most of the nonrecognition rules as currently formulated. The efficiency case generally lacks evidentiary support. The equity case is complicated by the fact that the rules operate in a second-best world where the tax base deviates from economic income. And the tax administration argument for the rules, while plausible in theory, is compromised because nonrecognition frequently occurs where there are no valuation and liquidity concerns as a result of the receipt of publicly traded property or the presence of related cash sales. This Article generally dispenses with the efficiency and equity bases for the nonrecognition rules because of the aforementioned flaws. As a result, the similar replacement property factor, which is a product of these rationales for nonrecognition and currently is prominent in most nonrecognition provisions, should be generally discarded. This Article proposes a standard for designing nonrecognition rules that generallyignores the similarities or differences in the relinquished and replacement properties, unless the properties are either identical or possess a very high degree of similarity, and instead takes into account the following:presence of difficult-to-value property, presence of illiquid property, use of rules that are narrowly tailored to common transactional forms that are typically selected for significant non-tax reasons, and adherenceto certain corporate tax policies. This Article then applies this standard as a basis for suggesting revisions to the current nonrecognition rules. Included among the recommended reforms are (1) eliminating nonrecognition for like kind exchanges; (2) eliminating the control requirement for shareholders to receive nonrecognition upon transfers to corporations, but generally taxing shareholders on the transfer or receipt of publicly traded property; and (3) permitting nonrecognition in corporate reorganizations irrespective of satisfying continuity of interest or continuity of business enterprise requirements, but taxing shareholderson the receipt of publicly traded stock. Overall, the recommended approach and reforms should serve to rationalize and simplify the nonrecognition rules contained in the Internal Revenue Code.
Executive Pay Clawbacks and Their Taxation
Authors: Walker David
Published: March 2022

Executive pay clawback provisions require executives to repay previously received compensation under certain circumstances, such as a downward adjustment to the financial results upon which their incentive pay was predicated. The use of these provisions is on the rise, and the SEC is expected to soon finalize rules implementing a mandatory, no-fault clawback requirement enacted as part of the Dodd-Frank legislation. The tax issue raised by clawbacks is this: should executives be allowed to recover taxes previously paid on compensation that is returned to the company as a result of a clawback provision? This Article argues that a full tax offset regime is most in keeping with the evolving rationales for clawbacks, with consistent treatment of executives subject to clawbacks, with encouraging even-handed implementation of clawbacks, and with minimizing clawback-induced distortions and other unintended consequences associated with a tax regime that would not provide full offsets. But the tax treatment of clawback payments has been uncertain, and the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act adds to that uncertainty. Meanwhile, adoption of legislation to ensure that executives are fully compensated for taxes previously paid on recouped compensation is probably a political non-starter. Given that, this Article argues that the IRS and courts should interpret the relevant tax laws liberally to maximize recovery of taxes paid on clawed back compensation.
Designing Aviation Taxes Within the EU
Authors: Lind Yvette
Published: March 2022

This Article focuses on environmental taxes, specifically aviation taxes, and the challenges and limitations EU law imposes on individual EU Member States when they attempt to enforce both national and international environmental policy goals. Both the former Irish and the recently implemented Swedish aviation tax are used as comparative examples when chartering and discussing what (legal) obstacles are posed by EU law and, subsequently, the options available to individual Member States when attempting to design and implement environmental taxes. Further, common political obstacles are addressed in the Swedish and Irish case studies to further enhance the understanding of why and how aviation taxes are designed the way they generally are. A holistic approach, resulting in the inclusion of not only tax law and environmental law elements but also EU free movement law and EU state aid law in parallel legal systems (at domestic level and EU level) is applied to provide a more coherent and transparent outlineof the studied matter. The Article affords, through a tax technical study combined with environmental and economic theories, a conceptual framework on how an aviation tax may be designed to fulfil environmental goals and generate tax revenues while still complying with EU law. The Article comprises differing methods in calculating CO2 emission offsetting. Calculating factual taxation of individual flightsoffers the reader further understanding of the polluter-pays principle and present (in)efficiency of aviation taxes at Member State level. Despite the Article only covering aviation taxes applied within the EU, these discussions are of great relevance to scholars outside of the EU considering the increasing interest in climate law and the potential of environmental taxes when pursuing climate goals at both national and international levels. Additionally, policy discussions will only become more relevant over time due to ongoing environmental discussions and the implementation and enforcement of the UN’s sustainability goals.
„War das noch Amok, oder ist das schon Terror?“ Mechanismen und Hindernisse der journalistischen Berichterstattung über (terroristische) Gewaltereignisse
Authors: Wende Sina-Felicitas , Schäfer Markus
Published: March 2022

Deutschland ist in den letzten Jahren mehrfach Ziel terroristischer Akte geworden. Gerade bei Gewaltereignissen mit vielen Opfern und Todesfällen, wie etwa dem Anschlag am Berliner Breitscheidplatz, ist das Medieninteresse hoch-worauf die Handlungen von Terroristen wiederum explizit abzielen. Die genauen Hintergründe und Einflussfaktoren der Medienberichterstattung über (terroristische) Gewaltereignisse sind in Deutschland bislang kaum beleuchtet. Dies gilt nicht zuletzt für die Frage, wann weshalb welche Begriffe für Gewaltereignisse verwendet werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht den Mechanismen der Berichterstattung über (terroristische) Gewaltereignisse a) mit Hilfe einer Analyse von Tweets journalistischer Medien und der Polizei zum Münchner Gewaltereignis 2016 sowie b) von neun leitfadengestützten Expert:inneninterviews mit Journalist:innen und Kommunikationsverantwortlichen von Polizeibehörden, die in den letzten Jahren beruflich mit (terroristischen) Gewaltereignissen in Berührung gekommen sind, auf den Grund. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Berichterstattung über diese Gewaltereignisse für Journalist:innen eine mitunter belastende Ausnahmesituation darstellt. Ihrem Berufsverständnis nach müssen sie berichten und aufklären-allerdings liegen ihnen in der konkreten Situation oftmals kaum belastbare Informationen vor. Die Quellenlage ist unsicher, auch die Aussagen der Polizei sind in diesen hochdynamischen Lagen von Momentaufnahmen des Einsatzgeschehens geprägt. Das konkrete Wording von Gewaltereignissen wird in den Redaktionen reflektiert und durchaus kontrovers diskutiert. Gleichzeitig führt die Attraktivität des Labels „Terror“ für die Berichterstattung auf Seiten journalistischer Medien mitunter zu ethisch fragwürdigen Auswüchsen.
Validierung von NER-Verfahren zur automatisierten Identifikation von Akteuren in deutschsprachigen journalistischen Texten
Authors: Buz Cecilia , Promies Nikolai , Kohler Sarah , Lehmkuhl Markus
Published: March 2022

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Validierung von Named Entity Recognition (NER), einem Verfahren, das als Teilschritt der Inhaltsanalyse von umfangreichen Textdaten eingesetzt werden kann und auf die automatisierte Identifikation und Extraktion von Eigennamen (Personen, Organisationen, Orte) in Texten spezialisiert ist. Für diesen Zweck werden oft frei verfügbare NER-Softwarepakete verwendet, die mit spezifischen Textdaten trainiert und optimiert wurden. Dadurch ist jedoch ungewiss, ob diese NER-Pakete bei der Analyse von unbekannten journalistischen Nachrichtentexten richtige und präzise Ergebnisse liefern können. Um dies zu evaluieren, wurden drei in der Programmiersprache Python implementierte NER-Codepackages gegenübergestellt und die Ergebnisse der automatisierten Analyse mit den Ergebnissen einer manuellen Inhaltsanalyse derselben journalistischen Textdaten verglichen. Ziel ist damit, die Eignung und Güte verschiedener NER-Softwarepakete für die Identifikation von Akteuren zu prüfen, denn obwohl in der Kommunikationswissenschaft vermehrt automatisierte Verfahren eingesetzt werden, mangelt es an Studien, die die Validität der erhaltenen Ergebnisse bewerten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine hohe Übereinstimmung zwischen den händisch erhobenen und den automatisiert identifizierten Personennamen, lediglich bei der automatisierten Identifikation von Organisationsnamen ist die Übereinstimmungsquote mit den manuellen Codierungen geringer.
Effect of a Prolonged Maximal Bout of Exercise on Visual Performance
Authors: Shaw Brandon Stuwart , Jan Breukelman Gerrit , Millard Lourens , Shaw Ina
Published: March 2022

Background: Despite it being purported that acute, prolonged maximal periods of exercise may impair visual performance, little/no research on this topic is forthcoming. In fact, research has demonstrated that sub-maximal and maximal acute exercise may actually improve cognitive and sensory tasks and thus possibly improve visual performance. Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain the influence of an acute, prolonged maximal bout of exercise on visual performance. Methods: A quantitative study was undertaken with 60 untrained males being divided into a control group (CON; n = 30) or treatment group (TRE; n = 30). Both groups completed a baseline vision test battery consisting of accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, visual memory, and hand-eye coordination using the following tests; Hart Near Far Rock, saccadic eye movement, evasion, accumulator, flash memory and Ball Wall Toss tests. Two weeks later, participants returned for follow-up testing using the same vision test battery, with the TRE participants first engaging in a standardized incremental maximal treadmill protocol immediately prior to their vision testing. Results: Following the incremental maximal treadmill protocol, statistical analyses indicated that statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences existed for accommodation facility, saccadic eye movements, speed of recognition, hand-eye coordination, peripheral awareness, and visual memory between pre-test and after the aerobic treatment (P = 0.00 for all measures). Conclusions: This study indicates that an acute, prolonged maximal bout of running improves visual performance. As such, an appropriate prolonged maximal warm-up may be required as opposed to a standardized and general warm-up when preparing an athlete for visual skills training or for participation in an athletic event that requires optimal visual performance.
Echocardiographic Findings in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karimi Amirali , Ghafouri Parham , Alilou Sanam , Rezaei Nima , Ashraf Talesh Shaghayegh , Ashraf Haleh
Published: March 2022

Context: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 can involve multiple organs, especially the heart, in some children with prior COVID-19 infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines provide valuable case definitions for MIS-C, as utilized in this study. We aimed to identify and summarize the echocardiographic findings of MIS-C based on these case definitions. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. An additional source was also utilized to extend the identified records. The articles underwent a two-step screening process. Then, eligible articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: We identified 33 eligible studies, recruiting 1,392 patients with MIS-C. Male patients were the majority, with 791 (56.8%) cases. The mean age of the patients was 8.3 ± 5.9 years, while 28.5% of the children were identified with underlying conditions. The most common echocardiographic findings were left ventricular systolic dysfunction (34.91%), valvular regurgitation (29.08%), pericardial involvement (22.58%), and coronary abnormalities (18.0%). Conclusions: MIS-C is a rare complication of COVID-19 in children. Early cardiologic investigations, especially echocardiography, can reveal manifestations, including myocardial dysfunction, coronary abnormalities, valvular pathologies, and pericardial involvement.
Effects of Schema Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Marital Conflict in Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shafiei Abbas , Younesi Jalal , Khanjani Mohammad Saeed , Azkhosh Manouchehr , Hossainzadeh Samaneh
Published: March 2022

Background: Mothers of children with intellectual disability often face many challenges and stressors related to their children’s problems. This can negatively affect their marital relationship and satisfaction and cause marital conflict. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of schema therapy on marital satisfaction and marital conflict in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Methods: This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest, control group design. The statistical population included all mothers of children with intellectual disability covered by the Social Welfare Organization of Qarchak, Iran. A total of 30 women were randomly selected and allocated into two equal groups of experimental and control (n = 15 in each group). While schema therapy was presented to the experimental group through holding ten 2-hour sessions, mothers in the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect data, we used the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire by Olson (1998) and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire by Barati and Sanai. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-test and analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that schema therapy significantly improved marital satisfaction and mitigated marital conflict in mothers of children with intellectual disability (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Schema therapy increased marital satisfaction and reduced marital conflict in mothers of children with intellectual disability.
Aristotle on Benefaction and Self-Love
Authors: Cremaldi Anna ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2022

Aristotle claims that the virtuous motive in benefitting others is altruistic. But he also claims in Nicomachean Ethics 9.7 that benefaction is an expression of self-love. This essay examines the account of benefaction with an eye to resolving the tension between these claims. By drawing out Aristotle’s comparison between reproduction and benefaction, I show that Aristotle conceives of self-love principally in terms of activities whose causal effects redound not only to the beneficiary but also to the benefactor. With this understanding of self-love, we better understand the relationship between self-love and benefaction and between self-love and friendship.
Análise comparativa de métodos de transformação chuva-vazão para pequenas bacias urbanas
Authors: CARVALHO Luiz , SCARATI José Rodolfo
Published: March 2022

Diante da difusão do conceito de controle de cheias pela detenção distribuída em pequenas áreas, a escolha do método de transformação chuva-vazão e a estimativa das características geomorfológicas da bacia são determinantes para a qualidade do dimensionamento de pequenas estruturas de detenção aplicadas à drenagem urbana. Este trabalho, então, propõe uma análise comparativa do desempenho de três métodos de transformação chuva-vazão (Método do Hidrograma Unitário Racional, Método do NRCS e o Método de Clark) aplicados a uma pequena bacia localizada dentro dos limites do campus da Universidade de São Paulo, contrapondo-se a vazão de pico, o volume e a forma dos hidrogramas calculados aos dos hidrogramas de eventos reais. Para tanto, foram realizadas medições do nível d’água na seção de controle do canal de drenagem interno ao campus por meio de um sensor ultrassom de precisão de 0,25 centímetros e 1 minuto, desenvolvido no próprio laboratório da universidade, durante a época chuvosa do mês de março de 2019. As funções objetivo foram otimizadas ajustando-se os parâmetros relativos às perdas por inflitração e efeitos de rentenção superficial concentradas no parâmetro C, no caso do método racional, e CN, no caso do método do NRCS, usado também para Clark. Palavras-chave: Drenagem urbana; hidrograma unitário; pequenas bacias.
Using DPLA and the Wikimedia Foundation to Increase Usage of Digitized Resources
Authors: Byrd-McDevitt Dominic , Dewees John
Published: March 2022

The Digital Public Library of America has created a process by which rights-free or openly licensed resources that have already been harvested can be copied over into Wikimedia Commons, thus creating a simple path for including those digital collections materials into Wikipedia articles. By meeting internet users where they already are, rather than relying on them to navigate to individual digital libraries, the access and usage of digital assets is dramatically increased, in particular to user groups that might otherwise not have a reason to interact with such digitized resources.
Policy Before Technology
Authors: Lund Brady
Published: March 2022

In the race to adopt the newest and best, practical considerations for emerging technologies are frequently overlooked. Technology can set an organization apart and, in the case of libraries, be instrumental in helping demonstrate value. Yet, all new technologies carry additional, potentially unpleasant consequences, whether it be threats to privacy and security, barriers to accessibility or risks to health, learning barriers, or exposure to misinformation. Organizations must consider these threats before introducing new technologies, rather than the other way around. To illustrate these threats and their policy implications, I will briefly discuss two popular technologies/innovations—virtual reality and data analytics—and the threats that are often overlooked by organizations and how they may be appropriately addressed by policy.
Letter from the Editors (March 2022)
Authors: Varnum Kenneth J. , Kelly Marisha C.
Published: March 2022

Welcome to ITAL's Assistant Editor, call for volunteers to serve on the Editorial Board, and summary of the issue's contents.
State of the Nordic Region 2022
Authors:   Nordregio, Norlén Gustaf , Randall Linda , Sánchez Gassen Nora , Tapia Carlos , Bogason Ágúst , Cuadrado Alex , Heleniak Timothy , Jokinen Johanna Carolina , Karlsdóttir Anna , Lundgren Anna , Moodie John , Refsgaard Karen , Tragotsis Nikolaos , Wøien Meijer Mari
Published: March 2022

State of the Nordic Region 2022 has its point of departure in the Covid-19 pandemic and examines how it has affected demography, labour market and economy in the Nordic countries, regions, and municipalities. State of the Nordic Region is published every two years and provides a comprehensive account of regional development trends in the Nordic countries based on the latest statistical data. Charts and maps on different geographical scales are accompanied by expert analysis, providing policymakers and practitioners with a solid evidence base for informed decision making. In writing this edition of State of the Nordic Region, it was, of course, vital to acknowledge the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Given the magnitude of this crisis, a conscious decision was taken early in the process to make the pandemic the explicit focus of the publication. State of the Nordic Region 2022 is produced and published by Nordregio.
Robust effects of corticothalamic feedback and behavioral state on movie responses in mouse dLGN
Authors: Spacek Martin A , Crombie Davide , Bauer Yannik , Born Gregory , Liu Xinyu , Katzner Steffen , Busse Laura
Published: March 2022

Neurons in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus receive a substantial proportion of modulatory inputs from corticothalamic (CT) feedback and brain stem nuclei. Hypothesizing that these modulatory influences might be differentially engaged depending on the visual stimulus and behavioral state, we performed in vivo extracellular recordings from mouse dLGN while optogenetically suppressing CT feedback and monitoring behavioral state by locomotion and pupil dilation. For naturalistic movie clips, we found CT feedback to consistently increase dLGN response gain and promote tonic firing. In contrast, for gratings, CT feedback effects on firing rates were mixed. For both stimulus types, the neural signatures of CT feedback closely resembled those of behavioral state, yet effects of behavioral state on responses to movies persisted even when CT feedback was suppressed. We conclude that CT feedback modulates visual information on its way to cortex in a stimulus-dependent manner, but largely independently of behavioral state.
A novel immunopeptidomic-based pipeline for the generation of personalized oncolytic cancer vaccines
Authors: Feola Sara , Chiaro Jacopo , Martins Beatriz , Russo Salvatore , Fusciello Manlio , Ylösmäki Erkko , Bonini Chiara , Ruggiero Eliana , Hamdan Firas , Feodoroff Michaela , Antignani Gabriella , Viitala Tapani , Pesonen Sari , Grönholm Mikaela , Branca Rui MM , Lehtiö Janne , Cerullo Vincenzo
Published: March 2022

Besides the isolation and identification of major histocompatibility complex I-restricted peptides from the surface of cancer cells, one of the challenges is eliciting an effective antitumor CD8+ T-cell-mediated response as part of therapeutic cancer vaccine. Therefore, the establishment of a solid pipeline for the downstream selection of clinically relevant peptides and the subsequent creation of therapeutic cancer vaccines are of utmost importance. Indeed, the use of peptides for eliciting specific antitumor adaptive immunity is hindered by two main limitations: the efficient selection of the most optimal candidate peptides and the use of a highly immunogenic platform to combine with the peptides to induce effective tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. Here, we describe for the first time a streamlined pipeline for the generation of personalized cancer vaccines starting from the isolation and selection of the most immunogenic peptide candidates expressed on the tumor cells and ending in the generation of efficient therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccines. This immunopeptidomics-based pipeline was carefully validated in a murine colon tumor model CT26. Specifically, we used state-of-the-art immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric methodologies to isolate >8000 peptide targets from the CT26 tumor cell line. The selection of the target candidates was then based on two separate approaches: RNAseq analysis and HEX software. The latter is a tool previously developed by Jacopo, 2020, able to identify tumor antigens similar to pathogen antigens in order to exploit molecular mimicry and tumor pathogen cross-reactive T cells in cancer vaccine development. The generated list of candidates (26 in total) was further tested in a functional characterization assay using interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), reducing the number of candidates to six. These peptides were then tested in our previously described oncolytic cancer vaccine platform PeptiCRAd, a vaccine platform that combines an immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) coated with tumor antigen peptides. In our work, PeptiCRAd was successfully used for the treatment of mice bearing CT26, controlling the primary malignant lesion and most importantly a secondary, nontreated, cancer lesion. These results confirmed the feasibility of applying the described pipeline for the selection of peptide candidates and generation of therapeutic oncolytic cancer vaccine, filling a gap in the field of cancer immunotherapy, and paving the way to translate our pipeline into human therapeutic approach.
Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record
Authors: Mongiardino Koch Nicolás , Thompson Jeffrey R , Hiley Avery S , McCowin Marina F , Armstrong A Frances , Coppard Simon E , Aguilera Felipe , Bronstein Omri , Kroh Andreas , Mooi Rich , Rouse Greg W
Published: March 2022

Echinoids are key components of modern marine ecosystems. Despite a remarkable fossil record, the emergence of their crown group is documented by few specimens of unclear affinities, rendering their early history uncertain. The origin of sand dollars, one of its most distinctive clades, is also unclear due to an unstable phylogenetic context. We employ 18 novel genomes and transcriptomes to build a phylogenomic dataset with a near-complete sampling of major lineages. With it, we revise the phylogeny and divergence times of echinoids, and place their history within the broader context of echinoderm evolution. We also introduce the concept of a chronospace – a multidimensional representation of node ages – and use it to explore methodological decisions involved in time calibrating phylogenies. We find the choice of clock model to have the strongest impact on divergence times, while the use of site-heterogeneous models and alternative node prior distributions show minimal effects. The choice of loci has an intermediate impact, affecting mostly deep Paleozoic nodes, for which clock-like genes recover dates more congruent with fossil evidence. Our results reveal that crown group echinoids originated in the Permian and diversified rapidly in the Triassic, despite the relative lack of fossil evidence for this early diversification. We also clarify the relationships between sand dollars and their close relatives and confidently date their origins to the Cretaceous, implying ghost ranges spanning approximately 50 million years, a remarkable discrepancy with their rich fossil record.