bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against salt toxicity in rat kidneys
Authors: Teshaev Shukhrat Zhumaevich  , Khamdamova Mukhayokhon Tukhtasinovna  , Khikmatova Madina Furkatovna
Published: February 2024

Consuming too much salt can have a negative impact on your kidneys. The kidneys play an important role in regulating sodium levels in the body, and excess salt can lead to water retention and increased blood pressure, which in turn can have a negative impact on the kidneys. Excess salt in the diet can contribute to the formation of kidney stones. This is because excess sodium can lead to increased calcium excretion in the urine, which in turn increases the risk of stone formation. An experiment was conducted on rats to study the effect of salt on kidney function. During the experiment, a group of rats received a high dose of salt for a certain period of time, while another group received a regular amount of salt. The results showed that rats that consumed more salt had increased blood pressure and negative changes in kidney function. They also faced problems with fluid retention and the formation of kidney stones. This experiment confirmed that excess salt consumption can negatively affect kidney function and lead to the development of various diseases. Therefore, controlling your salt intake is an important aspect of maintaining a healthy kidney system. Kidney contamination from salt can lead to various diseases such as kidney stones, kidney failure and other genitourinary problems. One way to correct this problem may be to use pomegranate oil. Pomegranate oil contains antioxidants that help reduce inflammation and protect kidney cells from damage. It also improves blood circulation and helps cleanse the kidneys of toxins and waste. Research has shown that consuming pomegranate oil may help improve kidney function, reduce inflammation, and prevent the formation of kidney stones. It can also help lower blood pressure and improve the overall health of the kidney system.
Single puncture arthrocentesis of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Tilovov Bekzod Rajab o’g’li  , Tastanova Gulchexra Yeshtayevna  , Tulemetov Sobirjon Kalikovich
Published: February 2024

The investigation into the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes has garnered widespread scholarly attention. Notably, vitamin D receptors are discernible in pancreatic beta cells and immune cells. In addition to its established function as the primary regulator of calcium absorption, vitamin D exerts influence on the activity of calcium-associated endopeptidases in beta cells, facilitating the conversion of proinsulin to insulin and augmenting insulin production. Within peripheral insulin target tissues, vitamin D governs insulin action through the modulation of calcium homeostasis. Further, vitamin D exhibits pronounced immunosuppressive properties. Noteworthy is the potential implication of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of type 2 diabetes, manifesting in the inhibition of insulin secretion and enhancement of glucose tolerance. The article underscores the imperative for comprehensive research and clinical trials elucidating the multifaceted roles of vitamin D and calcium in maintaining a robust physiological framework. Insightful findings from studies conducted in Uzbekistan and globally underscore a prevailing inadequacy in the dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D among diverse populations, taking into account geographical, ethnic, and physiological variances. Emphasis is placed on the critical significance of sustaining optimal levels of calcium and vitamin D for skeletal health, particularly in the context of osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
Features and Clinical Manifestations of Allergy Spread in Children
Authors: Abdurakhmanov K.H
Published: February 2024

Allergies have become increasingly prevalent among children, posing significant health challenges worldwide. This scientific article explores the features and clinical manifestations of the spread of allergies in children. Drawing upon current research and clinical observations, this study examines the various types of allergies commonly encountered in pediatric populations, including food allergies, respiratory allergies, and atopic dermatitis. The article delves into the underlying mechanisms of allergic reactions, risk factors associated with allergy development, and the impact of allergies on children's physical and psychosocial well-being. Understanding the features and clinical manifestations of allergy spread in children is crucial for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective management of allergic conditions
The effect of obesity on intraocular pressure in nonglaucomatous eyes
Authors: Dr. Maryam Dhafer Shareef  , Dr. Zainab Yessar mohammed hassan  , Dr. Rusel Mohammed Salman  , Dr. Ali Qais Abdulkafi
Published: February 2024

Some eye diseases like cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration were reported to have potential relation to obesity. Obesity possesses an increased risk for both elevated intraocular pressure and systemic vascular abnormalities such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
Prevalence of Hypoteriosis Prognosis and Prevention
Authors: B.X. Abdullayeva
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the population, its course, to study the frequency of occurrence of hypothyroidism, prognosis, prevention and the impact of the thyroid gland on the functioning of other systems and organs. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on an assessment of the clinical picture and data from laboratory and instrumental research methods. Laboratory testing of serum TSH and thyroid hormone levels is fundamental in diagnosing decreased thyroid function. The main role is given to the determination of thyriotropic hormone by highly sensitive methods
Impact of Fixed and Dynamic Factors on Cognitive Ability in Epilepsy
Authors: Sultonova Dilbar Azamat qizi.  , Azizova R.B.
Published: February 2024

Epilepsy is a major public health problem. Several studies suggest a significant influence of epilepsy and its treatment on the dynamic and functional properties of brain activity. Epilepsy can affect mental development, cognition and behaviour. Patients with epilepsy may have reduced intelligence, attention and problems with memory, language and frontal executive functions.
Morphology of Tissues During Intraoperative Stretching in The Plastic of Scar Deformities of The Lips
Authors: Teshabaev Mukhammadyahyo Gulomkodirovich  , Allayarov Abdullo Ulugbekovich  , Kamolov Mirzaakbar Astanakulovic  , Khoshimkhojiyeva Rakhnamo Abbosjon kizi
Published: February 2024

Post-burn scarring of the lips often causes functional disorders. Intraoperative balloon stretching of tissues as a method of reconstructive surgery is widely used in surgical rehabilitation of this category of patients. However, structural changes in tissues during balloon stretching have not been sufficiently studied. Using light-optical and electron microscopy, samples of various areas of intact lip skin subjected to stretching during surgery in order to obtain a skin resource for plastic surgery were studied. It has been shown that stretching does not lead to significant violations of the skin structure
Analysis Of the Elderly and Young People, Food Ration, Hygienic Materials (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Saidova Gulbakhor Tursunalievna  , Sayfullayeva Sevinch Gulomjon qizi  , Boriboyev Ulugbek Fakhriddin o’g’li
Published: February 2024

a healthy diet is essential at any age, but in old age, it is especially important to avoid the risks associated with heart disease, diabetes, obesity and other chronic ailments. The quantity and quality of food are determined by age, sex and the nature of the work performed.The diet of the elderly differs significantly from that of the young. But a reduced calorie diet should contain a sufficient amount of mineral salts, vitamins, and proteins. The total caloric intake of the daily diet for the elderly should be reduced mainly by animal fats and simple carbohydrates.
International Folk Medicine.
Authors: Abdurashitova Sharafat Abdumajitovna  , Muyassarova Mukhabbat Muhammadievna  , Z.A.Abdumannonova  , G.A.Kenjayeva
Published: February 2024

In this article, the role of international folk medicine and the analysis of research conducted in this field, as well as the results of practical work, methods of folk medicine that have been proven to be effective and safe, and the need to harmonize traditional medicine with modern medicine were highlighted
Nutritiology And Proper Nutrition
Authors: Shamuratova N.Sh  , Shermetov R.A  , Nurullayev S.X
Published: February 2024

This article delves into the field of nutritiology, aiming to provide a thorough understanding of proper nutrition and its impact on human health. Through an analysis of existing literature, the article explores dietary guidelines, the role of macronutrients and micronutrients, and the methods employed in nutritional research. The results section presents key findings, leading to a discussion on the implications for health. The article concludes with insights and suggestions for individuals seeking to enhance their nutritional well-being
Experimental Model Of Renal Alcoholism And Their Correction Methods
Authors: Khamroev I. S  , Khamdamov I.B
Published: February 2024

Chronic ethanol intoxication leads to a noticeable increase in the morphometric parameters of parts of the nephron of the kidneys. At 12 months of age during the experiment, the greatest increase in the diameter of the glomerulus (19.8%), the thickness of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule (29.1%) and the collecting ducts (25.9%) occurs. The use of polaren syrup slightly reduces the dilated lumen of the tubules, selectively affecting the morphometric parameters of the glomerulus and nephron capsule
Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Lymphoma Patient After Initial Dose of Chemotherapy in Baghdad Teaching Hospital
Authors: Dr. Firas Yahya Ibrahim  , Prof. Hasan Farhan  , Prof. Ali Mohameed Jawad
Published: February 2024

Despite cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) can be initially asymptomatic, if not detected and properly managed, it may progress to severe and irreversible heart failure. Therefore, identification of high-risk patients and early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction are fundamental tasks for the management of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, involving both cardiologists and oncologists. LVEF has low sensitivity for the detection of small changes in LV function. LVEF calculated by conventional 2DE often fails to detect small changes in LV contractility because of several factors. These factors include LV geometric assumptions, inadequate visualization of the true LV apex, lack of consideration of subtle regional wall motion abnormalities, and inherent variability of the measurement. Accordingly, strategies using newer echocardiographic technology, such as STE-derived strain imaging for the early detection of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction. GLS being the most robust and reproducible among the myocardial strain parameters, this parameter has raised the interest of the investigators to detect early and subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients at risk of CTCRD
Diagnosis Of Endothelial Dysfunction In Children With Neurocirculatory Dystonia: Test With Reactive Hyperemia
Authors: Umarova Mukaddas Abdukadirovna
Published: February 2024

The article examines the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of peripheral vascular tone in children with neurocirculatory dystonia. When using a functional test with reactive hyperemia, its high diagnostic significance was revealed; a decrease in the formation of nitric oxide in the vascular endothelium (endothelial dysfunction) was established in children with neurocirculatory dystonia (p <0.001).
Modern biochemical methods used in the diagnosis of experimental toxic hepatitis
Authors: Sayfutdinova Z.A
Published: February 2024

Oxygen is required by the cells of most organisms to produce sufficient ATP for metabolic activity. Hypoxia, or oxygen deprivation, occurs in human tissues and cells due to a variety of conditions, including heart and lung diseases, anemia, and circulatory disorders. Depending on the severity, irreversible tissue and cell damage may occur
Predisposition of connotatively marked units to metaphors
Authors: Gulnoza Narziyeva
Published: February 2024

This article examines the semantic-stylistic meaning of phraseological units of the connotative aspect, since we consider connotation as emotional, evaluative, expressive and functional-stylistic components of a usual and occasional nature, which are part of the meaning of a linguistic unit.
PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN MATHEMATICALS JUNGLE GAME DALAM PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Hadidi Marlina , Thalib Susi , Lanani Karman , Jalal Ariyanti , Sadaralam Safruddin
Published: February 2024

Penelitian Tindakan ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui bagaimana proses hasil belajar matematika siswa pada materi Barisan Aritmatika sebelum dan sesudah di terapkan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan mathematics jungle game; (2) mengetahui penerapan pendekatan mathematics jungle game secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa pada materi pengukuran panjang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu tahap (1) perencanaan (2) pelaksanaan (3) pengamatan/observasi (4) refleksi. Pengumpulan melalui data adalah tes, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Al-Irsyad Kota Ternate yang berjumlah 20 siswa. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) hasil belajar matematika siswa setelah mendapatkan perlakuan dengan penerapan pembelajaran pendekatan mathematics jungle game secara keseluruhan dapat dilihat dari tingkat kualifikasi yakni diperoleh (98,13%) siswa berkualifikasi memuaskan, dan (2) berkualifikasi gagal. Berdasarkan Uji wilcoxson Signed Ranks Test menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Mathematics Jungle Game (MJG) secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa kelas XI SMA Al-Irsyad Kota Ternate pada materi barisan aritmatika
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI STATISTIS SISWA PADA MATERI STATISTIKA
Authors: Djumat Zainudin , Kader Fahria , Lanani Karman , Tonra Wilda Syam , Daiyan Yuliyanti
Published: February 2024

Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi siswa (KKS) kelas XII MIA-2 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Ternate dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi statistika konsep ukuran pemusatan data. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah 2 butir soal tentang KKS yang telah divalidasi. Data KKS siswa yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan cara mereduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII MIA-2 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Ternate sebanyak 10 siswa, kemudian dipilih 4 siswa sebagai perwakilan subjek penelitian berdasarkan kategori KKS (Sangat baik, cukup, kurang, dan  buruk) untuk diwawancarai sebagai bentuk triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KKS siswa kelas XII MIA-2 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Ternate dalam mempelajari materi statistika konsep ukuran pemusatan data dengan rata-rata sebesar 53,67 dalam kategori kurang. Kualifikasi kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa dalam kategori sangat tinggi  dicapai 1 siswa (10%), 4 siswa (40%) dalam kategori cukup, 2 siswa (20%) dalam kategori kurang mampu, 3 siswa (30%) dengan kategori buruk.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK
Authors: Ridwan Irawati , Hasim Sugiharjo , Lanani Karman , Abdullah Suhardi , Ningsih Sri Rahayu
Published: February 2024

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus, dengan menjadikan 14 siswa SD 41 Halmahera Barat sebagai subjek penelitian. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data, penggunaan model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (PBP) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SD pada materi bilangan pecahan. Hal ini dapat ditunjukan dengan perolehan presentase ketuntasan belajar siswa pada tes awal kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa sebelum diterapkanya model pembelajaran berbasis proyek, memperoleh presentase ketuntasan 0% (tidak terdapat siswa yang tuntas), setelah diterapkanya model pembelajaran berbasis proyek pada siklus I presentase ketuntasan belajar siswa meningkat menjadi 28,57% (terdapat 4 siswa yang tuntas), presentase ketuntasan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada siklus II juga meningkat menjadi 78,57% (terdapat 11 siswa yang tuntas).
ANALISIS LEARNING OBSTACLE SISWA PADA KONSEP PENJUMLAHAN PECAHAN
Authors: Suratmi Lily , Hasniati Hasniati , Lanani Karman , Pamuti Pamuti , Mubasyisyir Mubasyisyir
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Learning Obstacle  siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal yang terkait materi konsep penjumlahan pecahan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Deskriptif Kualitatif. Teknik Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik tes, wawancara  dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah soal uraian yang sebelumnya telah divalidasi oleh dosen pembimbing. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan cara mereduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek perwakilan penelitian ini adalah tiga siswa kelas V SD Negeri 13 Halmahera Selatan yang diperoleh setelah berkonsultasi dengan guru dan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Learning Obstacle  siswa kelas V SD Negeri 13 Halmahera Selatan dalam menyelesaikan soal yang terkait konsep penjumlahan pecahan mencapai rata-rata sebesar 56,9 dalam kategori sedang. Kualifikasi Learning Obstacle siswa pada konsep penjumlahan pecahan, mencapai kualifikasi sangat baik sebesar 7%, subyek dengan kualifikasi sedang sebesar 53%, dan subyek kualifikasi kurang  40% dan kualifikasi gagal. Subyek kategori baik tidak memenuhi indikator Learning Obstacle karena sudah mampu dalam memahami konsep penjumlahan pecahan, dapat menentukan prosedur matematika yang akan digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal konsep penjumlahan pecahan, mengoperasikan perhitungan terkait konsep penjumlahan pecahan.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA POKOK BAHASAN LINGKARAN BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH 8
Authors: Amru Ganis Anjui Mulidias , Yuwaningsih Dian Ariesta
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran matematika materi lingkaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash 8 serta untuk mengetahui kelayakan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengambangan (RnD) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek uji coba terdiri dari ahli materi, ahli media dan respon peserta didik XI MIPA 1 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket validasi ahli materi, angket validasi ahli media, angket respon peserta didik, dan wawancara. Tahap uji coba terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu uji coba skala kecil dan uji coba skala besar. Uji coba skala kecil melibatkan 5 peserta didik, sedangkan uji coba skala besar melibatkan 25 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa nilai kelayakan oleh ahli materi mendapatkan skor rata-rata 37 dalam kategori baik, kelayakan oleh ahli media mendapatkan skor rata-rata 53,5 dalam kategori baik, dan uji kelayakan dari peserta didik mendapatkan skor rata-rata 57,96 dalam kategori baik. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti ini layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran.
BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME
Authors: Rezeqi Selly
Published: February 2024

Kompetensi penting yang harus dimiliki setiap individu pada era globalisasi yang juga tertuang dalam tujuan kurikulum 2013 adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran sebagai bahan diskusi dan kajian mengenai berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan hasil kajian Pustaka dari sekurang-kurangnya 15 artikel yang relevan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pendekatan konstruktivisme dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu pilihan model pembelajaran guna meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA POLA BILANGAN KELAS VIII MTs
Authors: Mustakim Siti Fatimatus Zahro
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal

cerita pola bilangan pada siswa kelas VIII MTs di Pasuruan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif

dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes soal cerita pola bilangan dan

wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis data kualitatif dengan

langkah-langkah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 16 siswa

kelas VIII B dan ambil 6 orang siswa untuk diwawancarai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh Subjek yang

memiliki pamahaman matematis yang tinggi masih mengalami 2 kesulitan yaitu 1) kesulitan dalam kelemahan

berhitung, 2) kesulitan dalam persepsi visual. Subjek yang memiliki pemahaman matematis yang sedang

mengalami 3 kesulitan yaitu 1) kelemahan berhitung, 2) pemahaman matematika yang kurang, 3) kesulitan dalam

persepsi visual. Subjek yang memiliki pemahaman matematis yang rendah mengalami 4 kesulitan yaitu 1).

Kulitan dalam kelemahan berhitung, 2) kelemahan dalam mentransfer pengetahuan, 3) pemahaman matematiak

yang kurang, , 4) kesulitan dalam persepsi visual.

Kata kunci : kesulitan siswa, soal cerita dan pola bilangan.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN CETTAR MEMBAHANA DALAM PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI STATISTIS MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN AWAL STATISTIKA
Authors: Lanani Karman , Hamid Hasan , Saidi Soleman
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi statistis (KKS) mahasiswa pada mata kuliah pengantar statistika yang memperoleh pembelajaran Cettar Membahana ditinjau dari KAS. Menggunakan metode campuran model concurrent embedded, data pencapaian dan peningkatan KKS mahasiswa dianalisis untuk mengetahui hasil implementasi pembelajaran Cettar Membahana. Subyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Unkhair semester genap tahun akademik 2021/2022 sebanyak 44 mahasiswa, dan diklasifikasi atas 28 mahasiswa sebagai kelas eksperimen, dan 19 mahasiswa kelas replikasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi: tes Awal, tes akhir, lembar observasi dan wawancara. Hasil tes awal  bahwa KKS mahasiswa kelas eksperimen diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 13,75 dengan SB 3,75, dan mahasiswa kelas replikasi diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 13,84 dengan SB 3,51.  Hasil uji rata-rata tes awal  menunjukkan bahwa KKS mahasiswa antara kelas eksperimen dan replikasi adalah sama (homogen). Hasil pengujian statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan KKS mahasiswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran Cettar Membahana antara kelas Eksperimen dan Replikasi. Peningkatan KKS mahasiswa kelas eksperimen 42,86% kategori tinggi dan 58,14% kategori sedang, serta kelas replikasi 78,95% kategori tinggi dan 21,05% kategori sedang. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa pembelajaran Cettar Membahana secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan KKS mahasiswa dalam mempelajari mata kuliah pengantar statistik.
SOCRATIC DIALOGUE AS A RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGE OF THE EPOCH
Authors: Akhmedov B.A.
Published: February 2024

Modern epoch is more and more recognized as a society of risk and the dialogical pedagogy, pedagogy of risk, which is able to agitate mind, to enrage and to excite listeners, consciously provoke them to try different, unusual strategies of life creation, is relevant to it. The formation of new thinking image, where dialogical thinking and dialogical conduct, play important role, can be fundamental respond to the call of epoch.
How can we encourage students to develop critical thinking skills?
Authors: Madonna Nikolaishvili
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the role and importance of critical thinking as one of the important penetrating skills for the personal development of the student. There are also some examples of how to turn a simple exercise into a tool for developing critical thinking skills. With the mentioned activities, the student develops critical thinking, it is ensured that the teaching-learning process is focused on the student's personal development; The educational process is based on constructivist educational principles; A school culture focused on care and support is formed.
USING THE SOCRATES METHOD IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Akhmedov B.A.  , Makhmudova D.M.  , Akhmedjonov D.G.
Published: February 2024

It is shown that Socrates' method, his dialogue, is a kind of laboratory, an animated search field, assuming the presence of two interlocutors. There is no real wisdom outside of Socrates' dialogue, but only a lot of knowledge. The emergence of information computer systems makes it possible to expand the cognitive possibilities of dialogue. Such a virtual dialogue does not diminish the importance of a live, direct dialogue, but complements it by changing the form of the traditional educational process.
Making Modern Medical Ethics
Authors: Baker Robert
Published: February 2024

The little-known stories of the people responsible for what we know today as modern medical ethics.

In Making Modern Medical Ethics, Robert Baker tells the counter history of the birth of bioethics, bringing to the fore the stories of the dissenters and whistleblowers who challenged the establishment. Drawing on his earlier work on moral revolutions and the history of medical ethics, Baker traces the history of modern medical ethics and its bioethical turn to the moral insurrections incited by the many unsung dissenters and whistleblowers: African American civil rights leaders, Jewish Americans harboring Holocaust memories, feminists, women, and Anglo-American physicians and health care professionals who were veterans of the World Wars, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War.

The standard narrative for bioethics typically emphasizes the morally disruptive medical technologies of the latter part of the twentieth century, such as the dialysis machine, the electroencephalograph, and the ventilator, as they created the need to reconsider traditional notions of medical ethics. Baker, however, tells a fresh narrative, one that has historically been neglected (e.g., the story of the medical veterans who founded an international medical organization to rescue medicine and biomedical research from the scandal of Nazi medicine), and also reveals the penalties that moral change agents paid (e.g., the stubborn bureaucrat who was demoted for her insistence on requiring and enforcing research subjects' informed consent). Analyzing major statements of modern medical ethics from the 1946–1947 Nuremberg Doctors Trials and Nuremberg Code to A Patient's Bill of Rights, Making Modern Medical Ethics is a winning history of just how respect and autonomy for patients and research subjects came to be codified.
Immunohistochemical Expression of PD-L1 in Core Biopsy Samples of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer and its Association with Histopathological and Clinicoradiological Parameters
Authors: Karan Swagata , Das Prajna , Panigrahi Ranjita , Rao C Mohan
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In addition to chemotherapy, immunotherapy has yielded favourable outcomes in advanced, surgically non resectable Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC). The inhibition of immune checkpoints by monoclonal antibodies targeting Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a pivotal role in preventing the downregulation of antitumour immunity. Aim: To study the expression of PD-L1 in NSCLC cases from core biopsy specimens and its association with histological types, grades of tumour along with clinicoradiological parameters (age, sex, smoking status, and radiological location of the tumour). Materials and Methods: This ambispective study was done in the Pathology Department of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, over two years from October 2020 to August 2022. The authors studied 35 cases of histopathologically and Immunohistochemically (IHC) diagnosed NSCLC. Partial or complete membranous staining of any intensity in ≥1% of tumour cells was considered positive in IHC. The Tumour Proportion Scoring (TPS) used for PD-L1 reporting was as follows: TPS <1%: negative, TPS 1-49%: low positive expression, and TPS ≥50%: high positive expression. Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Results: The most common age group was 61-70 years (12 cases; 34.29%), with a male predominance 24 (68.60). Chronic smokers (16 cases; 45.71%) were commonly affected. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) was the common histological type (21 cases; 60%). Overall, 14 cases (40.0%) showed low (1-49%) and 5 cases (14.30%) showed high (≥50%) positive TPS of PD-L1 expression, respectively. Three cases (27.3%) of Grade 2 SCC and one case (10%) of Grade 3 SCC expressed high positivity. There was a statistical association between PDL1 expression and male sex (p-value 0.01), positive smoking history (p-value 0.048), and SCC (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: The PD-L1 expression is associated with increased tumour proliferation, aggressiveness, as well as shorter survival period in advanced NSCLC. The present study showed a significant association of PD-L1 expression in males, chronic smokers, and SCC. As per the existing literature, its association with clinicoradiological parameters is not clear. Future research with a larger cohort study, along with other predictive biomarkers, is highly desired to reach conclusive evidence.
Antibody Screening, Identification and Red Cell Alloimmunisation Analysis in Multi-Transfused Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Amritsar, India
Authors: Singh Akashdeep , Kaur Harjot , Garg Parul , Kaur Shabad Preet , Khurana Bikramjit Singh , Kaur Japneet , Gill Karamjit Singh , Verma Deepak
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Alloimmunisation to red blood cell antigens, resulting from genetic disparities between donors and recipients, is one of the risks associated with blood transfusions. Antibody screening cells are used to detect unexpected antibodies. The risk of alloimmunisation is higher in patients who have undergone multiple blood transfusions. Aim: To estimate the frequency of various Red Blood Cell (RBC) alloantibodies and to determine the types of antibodies present in repeatedly transfused patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with a history of multiple blood transfusions from October 1, 2019, to April 30, 2021, at the blood centre of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SGRDIMSR), Amritsar, Punjab, India. Antibody detection and identification were performed, and the results were recorded. The data was statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 to draw relevant conclusions. The observations were tabulated in the form of numbers and percentages. Categorical data was analysed using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was determined as p≤0.05. Results: The study included 200 patients who were on multiple transfusions. The most common blood group among the patients was B positive (39%), followed by O positive (26%). The majority of patients (73.50%) had solid malignancies, followed by 28 (14%) thalassemia patients and 25 (12.50%) patients with chronic kidney disease. Solid malignancies included patients with breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and liver cancer. Alloantibodies were found in 15 patients (7.50%), of which 11 had solid malignancies and 4 had thalassemia. The most frequent antibody detected was the anti-K antibody (40%). Alloantibody formation was observed in both males and females. However, no statistical significance was found between gender and alloimmunisation (p=0.940). Conclusion: The effect of alloimmunisation can be avoided by routine RBC antibody screening before blood transfusion, especially in patients with a history of multiple blood transfusions. These measures decrease the incidence of red blood cell alloimmunisation and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in multi-transfused patients.
Co-decided Agriculture Information Radio Program Needs: A Case Study of Women Crop Farmers in Dodoma City, Tanzania
Authors: Libent Stella , Madaha Rasel , Busindeli Innocent
Published: February 2024

The shift from top-down radio programming to co-decision-making, aimed at capturing listeners' needs, has been significant. However, there is a notable gap in studies assessing how gender considerations factor into radio programming for listeners' needs. This study addresses this gap by investigating co-decided agricultural radio program needs, specifically focusing on women crop farmers in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Utilizing a sample of 32 participants selected purposively for in-depth face-to-face interviews, supplemented by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews, the study employed content analysis to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal variations in co-decided agricultural information radio programs among radio programmers, indicating a lack of alignment with the specific needs of women crop farmers. In light of these findings, the study recommends that the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA) should address financial constraints hindering the co-decision approach to work accurately. With the accurate working of the co-decision approach intended listeners’ needs will be identified.
Growing Sustainably: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Horticulture in India
Authors: Deka Prerna , Choudhury Nibir Pratim
Published: February 2024

In India's bustling terrain, peri-urban areas face neglect, unplanned growth, and environmental damage. As urbanisation encroaches on agricultural land, the competition for resources grows. This article delves into the complex tapestry of challenges and opportunities in urban and peri-urban horticulture, offering light on topics such as land-use disputes, food security, and environmental sustainability. The article also explores the durability of conventional growing methods such as home gardening and community gardens, as well as novel alternatives such as soilless cultures and indoor farming systems. Amidst the challenges, there are chances for revitalising urban settings with continuous productive landscapes, developing sustainable food sources, and improving general urban well-being. From the complicated dance of people, places, and food products to managing market dynamics, this research reveals urban horticulture's brilliant promise for crafting a healthier, more sustainable future for India's changing urban fabric.
Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Characters of Lentil
Authors: Patidar Ajay , Kumar Pradeep , Dhaked Gautam Singh
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, during Rabi season of 2022-23 to Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth and yield characters of lentil. Seed rate 40-45 kg/ha of Lentil variety „ RLG-5‟ was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of nine treatments combinations i.e. T1-Control, 100% RDF (20:40:20:20 N P K S kg/ha), 50% RDF + 5t FYM, 75% RDF + FYM (2.5 t/ha), 50% RDF + Vermicompost (1 t/ha), 75% RDF + Vermicompost (0.5 t/ha), 50% RDF + Poultry manure (1 t/ha), 75% RDF + Poultry manure (0.5 t/ha), 75% RDF + FYM 2.5t + Rhizobium. The increased growth parameter such as plant height (cm), number of branches per plant and dry matter production and yield traits viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight Seed yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) harvest index of 75% RDF + Poultry manure (1 t/ha).
Exploring the In-vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous Extracts from Leaves, Bark, and Stem of Celtis timorensis Span: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Pushpika GDS , Maddumage RS , Rajapaksha RMHKK , Wickramaratne YN , Senanayake SP , Silva ARN
Published: February 2024

The current study evaluated the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Celtis timorensis Span. (C. timorensis) against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) in response to the global healthcare challenge of infectious diseases caused by Multidrug Resistance organisms. The study was motivated by the inappropriate use of existing antimicrobials and the insufficient discovery of new agents contributing to this crisis. Drawing inspiration from historical evidence in plant-based Ayurveda and traditional medicine, the study focused on C. timorensis, a plant known for its historical use in treating infectious diseases.

Crude extracts from the leaves, bark, and stem of C. timorensis were prepared using the cold maceration process, and their antibacterial activity was assessed against the aforementioned bacterial strains. The cylinder plate method was employed to measure zones of inhibition at various concentrations (250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml, and 1000 µg/ml). Positive and negative controls included Gentamicin and distilled water respectively. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured after 24 hours of incubation.

Results indicated positive antibacterial effects of all three extracts against E. coli (ATCC 25922) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Notably, aqueous extraction from the stem exhibited the highest inhibitory zones against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. However, none of the concentrations of the extracts showed positive antibacterial effects against S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of the observed antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

Dose-response study results highlighted the efficacy and potency of aqueous extractions from bark and leaves against Escherichia coli. In contrast, leaves and bark demonstrated the highest efficacy and potency, respectively against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, the study scientifically validated the hypotheses formulated at the study's outset, utilizing evidence from plant-based Ayurveda and traditional medicine. The findings underscore the potential of C. timorensis as a source of antibacterial agents in the context of addressing multi-drug resistance-related infectious diseases.
Contribution of the Tanzania Police Gender and Children Desk on Reduction of Gender-Based Violence in Meru District, Tanzania
Authors: Kazeri Nyasingwa Japheti , Mbunda Kastory Abel , Mhango Solomon
Published: February 2024

This study assessed the contribution of the Tanzania Police Gender and Children Desk on reduction of gender-based violence in Meru District in Arusha Region, Tanzania. The objectives of this study were to examine community perceptions of the effectiveness of the Tanzania Police Gender and Children Desk in addressing gender-based violence, to determine the extent of incidences of gender-based violence resolved by the Tanzania Police Gender and Children Desk, and to analyze the influence of the police gender and children desk in addressing gender-based violence. A cross-sectional design was adopted, involving 120 respondents. Data were collected using a household self-administered questionnaire and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression methods were used in analyzing the collected data. Results showed that the majority of the respondents (65.0%) perceived TPGCD as highly effective in addressing gender-based violence, 26.7%) perceived TPGCD as moderately effective in addressing gender-based violence, and 8.3% perceived TPGCD as lowly effective in meeting its objective of addressing gender-based violence, among others. Likewise, there was a substantial decrease in incidences of gender-based violence in the areas with TPGCD centers, indicating that the decline was due to the eminent effects of TPGCD. Further, the contributions of TPGCD included receiving and summoning resolutions of reported GBV cases, training police officers on GBV issues, and creating awareness among community members about GBV issues. The study concludes that there is a positive influence of TPGCD on the reduction of gender-based violence in the study area. Moreover, it is recommended based on this study that the government, through its Ministry of Community Development, Gender, Women, and Special Groups, amicably extend PGCD throughout all institutions and ward authorities to enable all community members to get gender awareness and access services regarding incidences of GBV in their communities.
Artificial Ripening of Mango (Manguiféra indica. L) with Calcium Carbide (CaC2) and Ethephon: Problem of Fruit Safety in the Markets of Abidjan, Côte D’ivoire
Authors: Deli Yves Roland , Adepo Aholia Jean-Baptiste , Yépié Audrey Herbert , Kouakoua Yapi Elisée , Atchibri Louise Anin
Published: February 2024

Background: Fruit ripening is a natural process that can also be stimulated by various artificial means. In recent years, artificial ripening has become increasingly popular in developing countries. This practice has become questionable due to various health problems associated with the use of its chemicals.

Aims: The aim of this study was therefore to list the products and techniques used for the artificial ripening of mangoes in Côte d'Ivoire. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 5 communes of Abidjan on the ripening and marketing of mangoes for local markets in Côte d'Ivoire.

Study Design:  Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with a single questionnaire passage.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Methodology: This study was carried out to evaluate the different mango trade in Abidjan. The investigation period extended over two months, from April 1 to May 31, 2022, and involved 225 traders, or 45 per municipality. The markets were selected based on the main mango unloading points, with the aim of having two wholesale markets for each municipality. The selection of traders was based on the size of their activity.

Results: The study showed that a large number of mango traders used ripening products. The products used in all markets were calcium carbide "caba" and ethephon "cabadji", of which caba was used by the majority (80%) of traders. For caba, 95% of traders used the incubation technique, while for cabadji, 100% of traders used the sprinkling technique. These practices are carried out with less protection and disinfection. Most of these applicators felt some kind of effect (headache, prolonged cold, dizziness, etc.) after using these products. Consumption of mangoes sold on the national market depends essentially on knowledge of these ripening practices.

Conclusion: The aim of this study was to list the products and techniques used for the ripening in Côte d'Ivoire. The study revealed a variety of products used for mango ripening, the main being calcium carbide (caba) and almephon (cabadji). Caba is used for incubation and Cabadji for spraying.
An Insightful Exploration of Protected Cultivation in Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gautam Dharmendra Kumar , Warang Omkar , Ranganna G. , Sameer  , Vikki  , Yadav Harish Chandra , Singh Budhesh Pratap , Verma Satyendra
Published: February 2024

The survey starts by examining various sorts of protected cultivation, encompassing a variety of techniques such as greenhouses, polytunnels, modern nurseries, high passages, and shade houses, as well as their benefits and constraint has emerged as a pivotal component in horticultural practices. It then, at that point, features the significance of protected cultivation in tending to worldwide food security challenges by guaranteeing all year crop creation and decreasing dependence on occasional varieties. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted aspects of protected cultivation in horticultural crops, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of its impact on crop yield, quality, and resource efficiency. The audit further investigates the effect of protected cultivation strategies on the development and advancement of plant crops, including further developed crop morphogenesis, precipitation the board, and the streamlining of natural factors like temperature, moistness, and carbon dioxide levels. Besides, the usage of cutting-edge innovations like aquaculture, aeroponics, and vertical cultivating inside  protected cultivation frameworks is inspected, with an accentuation on their true capacity for amplifying crop efficiency while limiting asset utilization. The article synthesizes recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects in this field, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between environmental factors, crop physiology, and technological interventions. By critically evaluating the existing literature, we present a synthesis of knowledge that can inform both researchers and farmers in optimizing protected cultivation for sustainable and resilient horticultural production systems.
Sustainable Management of Land, Water and Crop in Hills of North East India
Authors: Bharadwaj Krishna , Boruah Prakshipta , Bathari Manha , Maibangsa Mercydi , Terangpi Hunmili
Published: February 2024

Hill agriculture in Northeast India has tremendous potential to grow and contribute towards improving productivity, enhancing food and nutrition security, reducing rural poverty and accelerating the overall economic condition of the region due to its rich land, abundant water resources and favorable climate. The North-eastern region lying between 21.5oN - 29.5oN latitudes and 85.5oE - 97.3oE longitudes comprises eight states - Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim. The growth potential of hill farming has remained under-exploited due to various reasons like lack of system-specific production technologies, poor infrastructure (transport, markets, processing) and underdeveloped institutions (credit, extension, information, insurance), inaccessible habitations, diverse socio-cultural and fragmented land holdings. In hilly areas, jhum cultivation provides a basis for subsistence farming, maintenance of cultural values and social stability at low population density. But in the present context, this system cannot sustain increased demographic pressure. Moreover, shifting cultivation also causes problems of land degradation, accelerated deforestation, out of control forest fires ultimately affecting climate change. Therefore, adoption of various agro techniques as an alternative to jhuming may prove to be a boon for the overall growth of the region. Cultivation of plantation crops and orchards established on hill slopes will prevent soil erosion. Watershed development also plays an important role in sustaining the natural resource base and improving the productive potential of hill states. The hill states have the potential for production of vegetables in off-season that has greater demand in neighboring plains when there is scarcity of supply as this region is bestowed with the most congenial climatic conditions for the production of under-exploited agricultural and horticultural crops that provides many fold employment opportunities in agro-based industries, packaging, storage, preservation, canning and transportation.