bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DERIVACIÓN EMPÍRICA APLICADA A LA INVESTIGACIÓN DE PRUEBAS DIAGNÓSTICAS EN BIOMARCADORES NATURALES FLUORESCENTES
Authors: Cano-Verdugo Guillermo , Onofre-Rodríguez Dora Julia , Benavides-Torres Raquel Alicia , Gómez-Melasio Dafne Astrid
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: La derivación de declaraciones es una estrategia creada para desarrollar enunciados acerca de un fenómeno empleando analogías entre dos campos de conocimiento. De esta forma, una declaración de un campo de conocimiento es empleada para dar origen a otra de otro campo, inclusive de otra rama del conocimiento, compartiendo una estructura o contenido en común. OBJETIVO: Desarrollar una herramienta que permita identificar la factibilidad de crear y evaluar biomarcadores naturales fluorescentes, derivada de la arquitectura para investigación en pruebas diagnósticas de Gluud y Gluud. METODOLOGÍA: Para realizar el proceso de derivación de declaraciones se utilizaron los cinco pasos propuestos por Walker y Avant. DESARROLLO: Revisión exhaustiva de la arquitectura para investigación en pruebas diagnósticas de Gluud y Gluud; Indagación en literatura en ciencias biomédicas, salud pública, metodología de la investigación en ciencias de la salud, medicina molecular, física y biología; Selección de método de fluorescencia como campo de origen; Adaptación de la arquitectura para investigación en pruebas diagnósticas; Redefinición de las nuevas declaraciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La derivación de declaraciones basada en la arquitectura para investigación en pruebas diagnósticas de Gluud y Gluud es relevante, ya que permite contar con una herramienta para crear y evaluar biomarcadores naturales fluorescentes.
Exploring Cerebral Perfusion Transcranial Doppler Parameters in Patients Admitted to Combined Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sudarsan Thomas Isiah , Krishna Bhuvanna
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Encephalopathy, a common complication in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, is often linked to poor outcomes. Transcranial Doppler (TCD), a non-invasive tool assesses cerebral perfusion via the Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistivity Index (RI), and Time-Averaged Peak (TAP) or Mean Flow Velocity (MFV). These parameters may offer insights into cerebral perfusion and outcomes in encephalopathic patients. Aim: To describe the PI, RI of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), and MFV or TAP measured by TCD in patients admitted to the ICU, comparing those with and without encephalopathy at the time of admission. Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January 2019 to November 2020, in a combined medical-surgical ICU of a tertiary care hospital, involving 45 enrolled patients. Patients were evaluated within 24 hours of admission and subsequently every 24 hours until ICU discharge, death, or discharge against medical advice. Bilateral Middle cerebral artery TCD studies were conducted using a 1-5 MHz phased array probe or TCD mode through the transtemporal window. The PI, RI, and MFV were measured on both sides, with the higher value used for analysis, and all statistical analyses were performed using Statistics and Data 13 software. Results: In the present study, 88% (n=40) of patients had encephalopathy (GCS<15 and RAAS less than or more than 0). The mean APACHE II score was 19 (14-25), indicating severe illness with a predicted mortality of 30-40%. Patients with encephalopathy had significantly higher APACHE II scores compared to those without (19.5 (16-25) vs 10 (4-19)). Although there was a trend towards a higher Pulsatility Index in encephalopathic patients at admission (1.11±0.378 vs 1.07±0.12, p=0.81), PI, RI, and TAP values did not significantly differ in non-survivors (1.12±0.49 vs 1.11±0.33, p=0.750). Persistent encephalopathy was associated with a trend towards higher PI at admission (1.05±0.24 vs 1.16±0.46; p=0.756), and a moderate correlation was found between decreasing PI and improvement in GCS (rho=-0.489, p=0.001). Conclusions: PI, RI, and TAP at the time of admission were not found to be associated with occurrence and recovery of encephalopathy as well as mortality. The trend of change in PI moderately correlated with improvement in GCS suggesting the importance of trends rather than absolute values.
Ayurvedic Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kapatkar Shruti Prakash , Rathi Renu , Choudhary Swecha
Published: May 2024

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common primary myopathy of children. There are many muscular diseases in children which are inherited through generations. All those are known as congenital myopathy. This disease is an X-linked recessive disorder produced by the abnormality of the gene Xp21. It is a severe condition that poses a life-threatening risk and significantly reduces a patient's lifespan. It is characterised by progressive symmetrical muscular weakness, with proximal muscles being more affected than distal ones. Additionally, individuals with DMD often exhibit pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles. The compilation of data from classical Ayurvedic texts contributes to a holistic understanding of potential interventions, aiming to improve patient quality of life and prevent contractures. The study is crucial in bridging traditional and contemporary healthcare practices, offering valuable insights for clinicians and the wider medical community in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by DMD. This research underscores the need for an integrative and comprehensive approach to enhance therapeutic strategies for this prevalent X-linked recessive disorder. In pursuit of this objective, concerted efforts have been directed towards raising awareness among both the general public and the medical community. Furthermore, the review delves into the exploration of various Panchakarma treatments, a traditional therapeutic approach rooted in Ayurveda. By consolidating and synthesising data derived from classical Ayurvedic texts pertaining to DMD, this review seeks to provide a holistic understanding of potential interventions. The goal is to contribute to the advancement of therapeutic strategies that can ameliorate the impact of DMD on patients' lives, fostering a more comprehensive and integrated approach to managing this challenging condition.
Risk Assessment for Non Communicable Diseases among Adults in a Rural Area of Eastern India: A Single Centre Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Debata Ipsita , Mandal Dibyajyoti , Behera Basanta Kumar , Panda Prem Sagar , Nayak Rosy , Sahoo Priyaranjan
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) cause significant premature mortality. Prevention of major cardiovascular disease risk factors, like diabetes and hypertension, is a priority for public health. Aim: To estimate the risk assessment of NCD using the Community-Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) scoring system developed by the Government of India among adults in rural areas. Materials and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults attending the hospital at the rural health training centre of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, from March 2023 to August 2023 using consecutive sampling. Face-toface interviews using a structured CBAC questionnaire and socio-demographic variables were used to gather data on age, tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, waist measurement, physical inactivity, and family history. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and interpreted in frequencies, percentages, and the Chi-square test. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall risk of NCD was estimated to be 57.25%. The risk of NCD was significantly associated with age (p-value <0.00001), tobacco consumption (p-value <0.0001), alcohol consumption (p-value <0.0001), waist circumference (p-value <0.0001), physical activity (p-value=0.000018), family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular illness (p-value <0.00001), education (p-value=0.0079), and socioeconomic status (p-value=0.0415). Conclusion: The overall risk of NCD was estimated to be 57.25%. Most of the CBAC variables were found to have a significant association with NCD risk. However, no significant association was found between CBAC variables and gender. CBAC is a simple and economical screening tool employed at the community level so that early intervention strategies can be planned for those at risk of NCDs.
Green Thumb, Rich Harvest: Exploring Bioactive Compounds in Horticulture
Authors: Senthilkumar T. , Prabhavathi S. Jaya , Gomadhi G. , Krishnaveni A. , Punitha A. , Krishnaveni S.Anandha , Vidhya D. , Malathi G.
Published: May 2024

Horticulture, beyond its aesthetic allure, unveils a world rich in bioactive compounds with profound implications for human health and environmental sustainability. This abstract explores the diverse array of bioactive compounds found in horticultural crops and their potential benefits. Phytochemicals, such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, are key players, contributing to plant defense mechanisms and human health. Polyphenols, including flavonoids, exhibit antioxidant properties, reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables showcase anticancer potential, while essential oils in aromatic herbs offer antimicrobial benefits. Importantly, the cultivation and consumption of bioactiverich horticultural crops promote sustainable agriculture by reducing chemical inputs and enhancing biodiversity. By harnessing the therapeutic potential of nature's pharmacy, horticulture emerges as a pivotal force in fostering human wellbeing and environmental resilience.
Assessing the Nutrient Balance and Nutrient use Efficiency of Various Concentration of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) on Green Gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Cultivation
Authors: Sravya Gownipalli Chinni , Kumar K. Udhaya , Gautam Sneha , Manuel R. Isaac , Poonguzhali R. Susan , A Brundha. , Govindharaj M.
Published: May 2024

The pot experiment was to assessing the nutrient balance and nutrient efficiency of green gram crop under various levels of LDPE incubation conducted in Instructional farm (North), Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications. The treatment in the nutrient studies shows negative response in control and in 0.5% concentration of LDPE and has positive response in the remaining treatments, in agronomic efficiency the higher concentration has negative response and Apparent recovery studies shows that nitrogen recovery was high in      higher concentration, phosphorous and potassium recovery has negative results in lower concentration.
ANALISIS KINERJA FINANSIAL PADA PERUSAHAAN KONTRAKTOR: STUDI KASUS PT. X
Authors: Gui Victor Christian , Rahardjo Jani , Anastasia Njo
Published: May 2024

Perusahaan kontraktor membutuhkan manajemen dan strategi yang tepat agar dapat memiliki likuiditas yang tinggi, menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar-besarnya dari proyek yang dikerjakan, memastikan bahwa operasi perusahaan lebih banyak didanai oleh modal sendiri ketimbang hutang, dan efektif dalam menggunakan sumber daya yang dimiliki untuk menghasilkan pendapatan semaksimal mungkin. Kesulitan keuangan adalah keadaan dimana suatu perusahaan mengalami kesulitan untuk memenuhi kewajiban bayar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kesulitan finansial dari PT. X, membandingkan kinerja finansial dari PT. X dengan perusahaan-perusahaan konstruksi terbuka di Indonesia, serta mengetahui apa saja yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja finansial. Dari hasil analisis Altman Z-Score, didapatkan bahwa PT. X belum memiliki kondisi finansial yang baik. Perhitungan rasio finansial menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas, profitabilitas, dan leverage dari PT. X masih belum mencapai standar kompetitor. Meningkatkan kinerja finansial dapat dilakukan dengan meminimalisir pengeluaran dan menyesuaikan harga penawaran berdasarkan margin keuntungan yang ingin dicapai.
Possible Biosynthetic Pathways for all cis‐3,6,9,12,15,19,22,25,28‐Hentriacontanonaene in Bacteria
Authors: Sugihara Shinji , Hori Ryuji , Nakanowatari Hitomi , Takada Yasuhiro , Yumoto Isao , Morita Naoki , Yano Yutaka , Watanabe Kazuo , Okuyama Hidetoshi
Published: December 2009

A very long chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, hentriacontanonaene (C31:9), was detected in an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‐producing marine bacterium, which was isolated from the mid‐latitude seashore of Hokkaido, Japan, and was tentatively identified as mesophilic Shewanella sp. strain osh08 from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The geometry and position of the double bonds in this compound were determined physicochemically to be all cis at positions 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19, 22, 25, and 28. Although C31:9 was detected in all of the seven EPA‐ or/and docosahexaenoic acid‐producing bacteria tested, an EPA‐deficient mutant (strain IK‐1Δ8) of one of these bacteria had no C31:9. Strain IK‐1Δ8 had defects in the pfaD gene, one of the five pfa genes responsible for the biosynthesis of EPA. Although Escherichiacoli DH5α does not produce EPA or DHA inherently, cells transformed with the pfa genes responsible for the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA produced EPA and DHA, respectively, but not C31:9. These results suggest that the Pfa protein complex is involved in the biosynthesis of C31:9 and that pfa genes must not be the only genes responsible for the formation of C31:9. In this report, we determined for the first time the molecular structure of the C31:9 and discuss the possible biosynthetic pathways of this compound.
Effect of Storage Conditions on the Oil Quality of Chinese Tallow Tree Seeds
Authors: Terigar Beatrice G. , Balasubramanian Sundar , Boldor Dorin
Published: December 2009

The Chinese tallow tree (TT) has been widely considered to be an invasive species in the US without potential benefits. However, the literature on TT seeds is scarce and the effect of storage conditions on seed oil quality in particular has not been published to our knowledge. Prior research revealed that TT has a very high yield of seeds containing large percentages of long and short chain fatty acids (mainly palmitic fatty acid, along with some oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids), which can be base transesterified into biodiesel. This study aims to address the issue of the quality of the kernel oil of TT seeds stored at different temperatures (4 °C and room temperature) and under controlled atmosphere storage conditions (3% CO2, 6% CO2, vacuum, normal headspace). The total storage time was 3 months with the oil quality being analyzed weekly. Extracted oil was analyzed by titratable acidity, peroxide value, oxidative stability index and fatty acid composition. These experiments provided evidence that, after 12 weeks of storage, a controlled atmosphere did not produce any remarkable advantage over low cost air storage. The results validate the belief that no elaborate storage conditions are required to store this economically promising high oil content biofuel feedstock.
Development of an Improved Scheduling Algorithm for Lab Test Operations on a Small-Size Bio Robot Platform
Authors: Shin Seung Hoon , Choi Byung June , Ryew Sung Moo , Kim Jung Woo , Kim Dae Shick , Chung Wan Kyun , Choi Hyouk Ryeol , Koo Ja Choon
Published: December 2009

Blood tests are one of the core processes in the clinical laboratory test field. In hospitals, an automated process called total laboratory automation (TLA), which relies on a set of sophisticated equipment, is normally adopted for the tests. Noting that the TLA system typically has a large footprint and requires a significant amount of power, slim, and easy-to-move blood test equipment is necessary for some specific demands such as emergency rooms or small-size local clinics. Although various portable blood test systems are introduced and popularly used in many labs, the test processes of these systems are not usually flexible. In the present work, a new scheduling algorithm called reduced idle time (RIT) is developed for a small-scale portable Bio Robot platform. The RIT can successfully handle a series of components of the Bio Robot such as a liquid handler, six incubators, a newly developed spectrophotometer, and a robot arm. It also shows an enhanced effectiveness in terms of the testing time reduction when it is tested with the developed robot platform. Additionally, the RIT shows a fairly flexible capability to accommodate new incoming samples that might interrupt an on-going process and requires an immediate rescheduling.
The HID EVOlution System for Automation of DNA Quantification and Short Tandem Repeat Analysis
Authors: Fang Rixun , Liu Jason Yingjie , Kijenski Heidi L. , Benfield Jacki , Wong Ada , Lagacé Robert , Cassel Michael J. , Nguyen Vivian T. , Lauber Wendy M. , Abeln Dirk , Treat-Clemons Lynda , Furtado Manohar R. , Shewale Jaiprakash G.
Published: December 2009

The HID EVOlution—qPCR/STR Setup System enables automation of DNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) setup, normalization of DNA sample, and PCR setup for short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The HID EVOlution System tracks sample and reagent information and facilitates data transfer of DNA quantification, normalization, and PCR setup for STR analysis steps, eliminating the need for manual processing and repetitive data entry. Instruments for the automated system include a Tecan Freedom EVO 150 robot for liquid handling, the 7500 Real-Time PCR System for DNA quantification, the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 for STR amplification, and the 3130 xl Genetic Analyzer for the detection of amplified STR fragments. Validation studies including reproducibility, accuracy, correlation, and contamination studies were performed. Results demonstrated clean liquid-handling capabilities and maintenance of sample integrity. Variation in average allele peak height obtained using automated protocol was similar to that obtained using the manual protocol.
Robotic Liquid Handlers and Semiautomated Cell Quantification Systems Increase Consistency and Reproducibility in High-Throughput, Cell-Based Assay
Authors: Heinzman Jamie M. , Rice Shara D. , Corkan L.A.
Published: December 2009

To achieve maximum clinical utility, cell-based assays must produce reliable and reproducible results. To address these issues, we have developed and incorporated two automated systems into the ChemoFx assay (Precision Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA), a cell-based assay used to assess chemosensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to a spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents. An automated liquid-handling system plates cells and prepares and applies chemotherapeutic agents. Separate well-imaging and cell-counting systems quantify cell counts. In addition, we have developed a computerized tool to validate the accuracy of the cell quantification system. We report here that these automated systems improve the accuracy and precision of the ChemoFx assay. These systems also reduce technician time and human-induced variability. We propose that such automated systems could be incorporated into other cell-based assays and would provide increased confidence that such assays could be used to provide clinically useful information.
An Integrated Laboratory Robotic System for Autonomous Discovery of Gene Function
Authors: Sparkes Andrew , King Ross D. , Aubrey Wayne , Benway Michael , Byrne Emma , Clare Amanda , Liakata Maria , Markham Magdalena , Whelan Kenneth E. , Young Michael , Rowland Jem
Published: December 2009

Progress in laboratory automation depends not only on automating the physical aspects of scientific experimentation, but also on the intellectual aspects. We present the conceptual design, implementation, and our user-experience of “Adam,” which uses machine intelligence to autonomously investigate the function of genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These investigations involve cycles of hypothesis formation, design of experiments to test these hypotheses, physical execution of the experiments using laboratory automation, and the analysis of the results. The physical execution of the experiments involves growing specific yeast strains in specific media and measuring growth curves. Hundreds of such experiments can be executed daily without human intervention. We believe Adam to be the first machine to have autonomously discovered novel scientific knowledge.
Automated High-Throughput Microchannel Assays for Cell Biology: Operational Optimization and Characterization
Authors: Puccinelli John P. , Su Xiaojing , Beebe David J.
Published: December 2009

Screening biological readouts in cell culture are increasing in frequency and throughput. In such assays, cell types may be rare and reagents or compounds may be expensive often resulting in a reduced number of conditions and/or replicates. “Tubeless” microfluidics offers a method to reduce this burden, as has been previously shown. In addition the In-Cell Western (ICW) has recently been adapted to microfluidic cultures allowing high throughput analysis of immunocytochemistry in microfluidic channels. Combining automated liquid handling in tubeless microfluidics with the ICW provides rapid and quantitative high throughput cell-based screens. Here, we validate this platform using three parameters: operational robustness (pipetting reliability), cell seeding consistency, and cell staining consistency (both nuclear and antibody). Integration of liquid handling with microfluidics was found to be more than 97% operationally robust. Cell seeding consistency between each microchannel and within each microchannel was found to be within a standard deviation of less than 5% and 6%, respectively. Finally, through optimization of liquid handling steps, uniformity among all the channels was found for both nuclear and antibody staining. These results lay the foundation to perform most standard ICW assays using automated tubeless microfluidics.
The exit coping response to workplace bullying
Authors: D'Cruz Premilla , Noronha Ernesto
Published: December 2009

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the role of human resource management (HRM) in targets' coping with workplace bullying.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on a study rooted in van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology, conducted with agents working in international facing call centres in Mumbai and Bangalore, India. Exploring targets' lived experiences, conversational interviews and sententious and selective thematic analyzes were undertaken.

Findings

Targets' experiences were captured by the core theme of “protecting my interests” which subsumes four themes, experiencing confusion, engaging organizational options, moving inwards and exiting the organization. The findings highlight targets' attempts to deal with the experience of bullying, relying on their personal and social resources as well as on organizational options in order to ensure that their emotional well‐being, task‐related performance and long‐term career goals were not hampered by victimization. Participants' endeavours displayed two prominent features: the presence of turning points and the critical role of HRM in influencing multiple facets of the experience.

Research limitations/implications

The study achieves theoretical generalizability but further research is needed to establish statistical generalizability.

Practical implications

The engagement of HRM as a truly unitarist ideology, the development of effective employee redressal mechanisms and the relevance of pluralist approaches and collectivization endeavours emerge as crucial areas for application.

Originality/value

In addition to breaking new ground in empirically uncovering the organization's etiological role in workplace bullying, going beyond the existing work‐environment hypothesis and organization as bully conceptualization, the findings provide a new perspective on targets' exit coping response. To the authors' knowledge, workplace bullying has not been studied in India.
Does the type of job matter?
Authors: Carson Dean , Coe Kristal , Zander Kerstin , Garnett Stephen
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to synthesise three separate but similar studies into the motivations of accountants, engineers, and nurses to come to Australia's Northern Territory. Gordon's job structures model and the labour force development implications of staples thesis are to be used to provide a view of the differences between types of jobs.

Design/methodology/approach

Separate surveys of accountants, engineers and nurses registered in the Northern Territory were conducted in 2006 and 2007. Similarities in design between the studies allowed comparisons to be made regarding responses to questions about motives to move to the Northern Territory. Comparisons between the job groups were made on the basis of responses to individual motives, and a principal components analysis was used to identify groups of motives.

Findings

Nurses were more likely than engineers to be motivated to work with indigenous people and by their own family and social issues. Accountants were similar to engineers with regards to working with indigenous people, and similar to nurses with regards to family and social migration motives.

Practical implications

Growing the professional workforce in the Northern Territory is a prominent government policy objective. This study shows that different approaches to recruitment need to be taken with workers in different professions.

Originality/value

One of the weaknesses in existing academic literature on recruitment and retention of professionals in rural and remote areas is a lack of studies comparing rural migration motives of labour employed in different types of jobs. This study covers those aspects of the field.
Degrees of fit? Matching in the graduate labour market
Authors: Chillas Shiona
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to examine matching in the graduate labour market (GLM) in order to understand how expansion of higher education is perceived and translated in practice.

Design/methodology/approach

The article uses meritocracy and credentialism as frames of reference to explain the role of educational certification in systems of social structuring. Correspondingly, qualifications may function as signals, screens or proxies. Qualitative evidence, drawing on 40 interviews with graduates, employers and educators gives insights on access requirements, recruitment and selection and transfer of knowledge and skills, in three graduate occupations: chartered accountants; active schools co‐ordinators; and risk managers.

Findings

Findings suggest that expanding graduate numbers has produced altered patterns of closure. Employers use the availability of relevant degrees to limit applications, define jurisdictional boundaries and exclude the less, or inappropriately qualified. Yet correspondence between degree and occupation cannot necessarily be read off by a connected degree.

Practical implications

Closer connections between degree and occupation imply labour market segmentation although this requires further evidence in other occupations.

Originality/value

Supply‐side policy interventions are countered by strategic use of graduates. The paper explores issues of relevance to policymakers, employers, educators and graduates and will be of interest to those in the field.
Bullying and harassment: a case of success?
Authors: Pate Judy , Beaumont Phillip
Published: December 2009

Purpose

This paper aims to examine an attempt by an organisation to address the significant problem of bullying and harassment. In doing so the paper particularly centres on the question of how the relative success of bullying and harassment policies might be measured.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a quantitative longitudinal study of a single organisation.

Findings

The findings revealed that there was a significant reduction in perceptions of bullying in the organisation. The level of trust in senior management, however, was not enhanced as a result of the success.

Research limitations/implications

The study emphasises the need for further research on measuring the outcomes of bullying and harassment policies and also work is required to further the understanding of trust between senior management and their workforce.

Practical implications

The paper highlights the importance, and difficulties, in assessing the success of policies such as bullying and harassment. In many respects this paper contains a mixed message for senior managers. Employees may acknowledge the impact of management actions on reducing the level of bullying and harassment but was not associated with a noticeable improvement of trust in senior management.

Originality/value

There is a plethora of literature on understanding the complexities and effects of workplace bullying. The literature, however, is relatively silent on the issue of measuring success of a policy and this paper seeks to contribute discussion on the subject.
Temporary agency workers and their psychological contracts
Authors: Svensson Sven , Wolvén Lars‐Erik
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The aim of this article is to test the assumption that both management and co‐workers constitute multiple contract constituencies, as advocated for in recent research on psychological contracts. It also aims to test the theory of cognitive schemas as predictors of psychological contract development. Finally, it aims to examine the validity of the relational subscale of psychological contracts.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through three survey studies in different workplaces, areas and settings and were analyzed through Fisher's exact test, principal component analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.

Findings

The results supported the notion of multiple contract constituencies. Partial support was found for the theory of cognitive schemas and their influence on psychological contract development. The study also revealed new sub‐dimensions of the psychological contract, here called “Fellowship” and “Challenge/Development”. These new sub‐dimensions respond differently to predictors that, according to psychological contract theory, are supposed to generate similar effects.

Research limitations/implications

Since the findings of this study call into question some of the earlier research: it would be desirable to study psychological contracts, using a multiple foci approach, with a greater, random, sample.

Practical implications

The results indicate a need to draw further attention to the role of the co‐workers in the integration of agency staff in client companies.

Originality/value

Since no previous study has tested the notion of co‐workers as constituencies of the psychological contract, these empirical results will challenge much previous research on the concept of psychological contracts.
A mixed qualitative‐quantitative‐ participatory methodology
Authors: Munyua Hilda , Stilwell Christine
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS) of small‐scale farmers in Kirinyaga district, Kenya by identifying the key agricultural actors, establishing the information needs of farmers and how they access, share and exchange agricultural knowledge and information.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a triangulation of qualitative, quantitative and participatory methodologies and methods for sampling, data collection and data analysis. The methods combine Relaxed Appraisal of Agricultural Knowledge Systems (RAAKS) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), focus group discussions with farmers groups, observation and analysis of secondary data. The sense‐making methodology is used an alternative approach to study information behaviour, while the soft systems methodology is used to link up the different activities by diverse agricultural actors.

Findings

Richer and deeper data are collected through mixed methodologies and methods. The study identifies more than 100 active information and knowledge providers in Kirinyaga district, with extension emerging as the most important source of information. However, linkages between the various actors and farmers are weak. In particular, the findings of the study demonstrate that the AKIS of small‐scale farmers is location specific and varies with the enterprise(s) produced.

Research limitations/implications

Triangulation of methods is expensive hence the study is limited to only one district in Kenya. The paper suggests further research into ways of strengthening and formalising linkages between key actors.

Practical implications

The study points to the need to strengthen and formalise linkages between farmers and extensionists, private sector, media, farmers' groups, civil society organisations, researchers, educators and microfinance institutions.

Social implications

The study findings could inform policy development and reforms in agriculture, extension services and help to improve linkages and the flow of agricultural information and knowledge. Consequently, this would translate to improved farming methods and increased agricultural productivity.

Originality/value

The study contributes empirical data that builds on to the existing body of knowledge on AKIS among small‐scale farmers. The paper presents a useful mix of methods (RAAKS, PRA, focus group discussions and observation) for studying the management of agricultural knowledge and information.
Use of open access journals in biomedicine in Greece
Authors: Vlachaki Assimina , Urquhart Christine
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this research project is to explore the impact of open access initiatives on biomedical research scientific publishing and scholarly communication in Greece.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents the preliminary findings from a longitudinal study that uses bibliometrics, questionnaire surveys and interviews to examine knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards open access.

Findings

Open access models vary considerably. The bibliometric research indicates that Greek biomedical publication is increasing, but that coverage of Greek medical journals in databases such as MEDLINE is decreasing. The picture is mixed with some evidence of open access journals (published in English) from Greek publishing bases. Awareness of open access among Greek biomedical scientists in date was comparatively low (58 per cent aware, n=70).

Research limitations/implications

Several Greek medical journals are published in English, and it is difficult to track the authorship for Greek researchers publishing in English language journals published elsewhere. Findings are preliminary as this is a longitudinal survey.

Social implications

Open access initiatives may privilege researchers from the English speaking world – or those in low income countries. Researchers from countries not in those categories may face unrecognised disadvantages in making their research visible.

Originality/value

This is the only study of Greek biomedical publishing, and comparisons are being made with similar studies of Spanish biomedical publishing.
Knowledge creation and flow in agriculture
Authors: Zakaria Sohaimi , Nagata Haruki
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The motivation for this paper emanates from the continuous success and sustainability of the Japanese agriculture, most remarkably in its technical sense. The agricultural extension services have traditionally been regarded as a bridge between research laboratories and farmers, hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the preferences and roles played by extension advisors in relation to knowledge creation and sharing among the advisors, farmers, and other stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected through interviews with 11 principal and senior extension advisors and a consultant from different prefectures and organizations as well as questionnaires from 135 extension advisors in the Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

Findings

Results show that the Japanese agricultural agencies are actively involved in facilitating an integrated knowledge creation and sharing initiatives within their organizations. On the other hand, the extension advisors, as intermediaries and catalysts, are the key links between farmers and the relevant agencies in terms of providing personalized and need‐based information for decision making by all parties concerned.

Research limitations/implications

Future research may be conducted by other agro‐based economies and organizations with regards to creating, sharing, and streamlining knowledge towards achieving organizational objectives.

Originality/value

The findings of this paper have provided some insights on how knowledge is created and shared within a strategic sector of the economy and this could serve as an initial framework for leaders to create opportunities and space for such activities to be effectively carried out in their organizations.
Digitizing library resources for new modes of information use in Uganda
Authors: Byamugisha Helen M.
Published: December 2009

Purpose

People have become increasingly dependent on digital information and the internet as a medium for gaining and exchanging information. However, despite promising developments, numerous challenges that are related to digital content and collection, interoperability, standards, knowledge organization systems, users and usability, legal, organizational and social issues, staff education, infrastructure, language barrier, and technology remain. This paper aims to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper investigates the challenges to digital collection and content in Uganda.

Findings

This paper concludes that digital libraries are a key technology especially for developing countries.

Originality/value

Digital libraries can assist human development by providing a non‐commercial mechanism for distributing humanitarian information on topics such as health, agriculture, nutrition, hygiene, sanitation, water supply, and many other areas ranging from disaster relief to medical education. The paper recommends that adapting quickly to new digital technology is vital for success.
The creation and development of a multi‐disciplinary research center in an academic library
Authors: Welsh Teresa S.
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine formal and informal communication and documentation related to the creation and development of the Katrina Research Center (KRC) including its mission, vision, organizational structure, funding, collection development, community outreach, research, and educational activities.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper takes the form of a qualitative case study.

Findings

Recurrent themes identified in the study include multi‐disciplinary affiliation of KRC faculty and staff; cooperation and resource‐sharing with other university departments and faculty; and networking with community groups such as local historical societies, public schools, and libraries.

Practical implications

The documentation of the creation and development of the KRC can be useful as a model for other research centers and/or subject repositories affiliated with academic libraries.

Originality/value

The documentation and examination of factors related to a multi‐disciplinary research center and subject repository can form the basis for further, more comprehensive studies.
Reflective writing: a management skill
Authors: Anne Sen Barbara
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze students' reflective writing in terms of identifiable outcomes and explore students' thoughts on reflection and reflective writing as a process.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach is taken with a qualitative analysis of 116 written reflections from MA Librarianship studying management over an eight‐month period. A quantitative statistical analysis assesses the relationships between reflective writing and a number of possible outcomes identified from the literature.

Findings

A significant relationship is found between seven of eight outcomes tested; academic learning, the need for self‐development, actual self‐development, critical review, awareness of ones' own mental functions, decision making and empowerment and emancipation. There is some evidence of a relationship between non‐academic learning and reflective writing, but it is not significant. A number of themes emerged from the reflective writings regarding reflection itself, with students seeing reflection as a positive activity, with benefits for the individual, groups and in the workplace, and identifying reflection as a skill that can be practiced and developed.

Practical implications

Reflection and reflective writing as a management skill has potential benefits for personal and professional development and improving work‐based practice.

Originality/value

This paper differs from the previous literature in presenting statistical evidence to confirm the relationships between reflective writing and a range of potential outcomes.
The MetaOPAC Azalai Italiano (MAI): geography and evolution of Italian online catalogues
Authors: De Robbio Antonella , Barazia Caterina , Rossi Paola , Mezzetto Micaela
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider and discuss some data about the evolution of Italian Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) in the last decade and the possibility to search them cumulatively through the MetaOPAC Azalai Italiano (MAI). Scholars all over the world are interested in Italian OPACs due to the treasures and the historical documents owned by Italian libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

After a brief introduction on union and virtual catalogues, with special attention to the Italian scenario, Italian OPACs are illustrated with a rich amount of data about their usage, their geographical distribution, and their growth. All data are available on the web and have been collected in the time through the analysis of log files and the database of the Italian OPACs.

Findings

The evolution of Italian OPACs suggests new developments of MAI, such as extension of search to some contents of digital libraries. These are studied and, as far as allowed by the available human resources, progressively adopted in order to improve the quality of the metasearch.

Research limitations/implications

As this tool has no exact parallels in other countries, this paper mainly adopts a descriptive and heuristic approach, rather than evaluating MAI in comparison with other services.

Originality/value

Although a wide amount of literature on MAI is available, only a few papers are in English. This paper then aims to increase the knowledge of MAI for a broadest group of non‐Italian readers.
The relationships among organizational performance, environmental uncertainty, and employees' perceptions of CEO charisma
Authors: Bacha Eliane
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships among organizational performance, environmental uncertainty and employees' perceptions of CEO charisma.

Design/methodology/approach

A mail questionnaire survey was sent to alumni of a French business school working in firms at various hierarchal levels. A sample of 100 French firms was collected.

Findings

The results of the study show that CEOs who were perceived by the employees to be energetic leaders have an influence on organizational performance independently of the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty.

Research limitations/implications

The majority of the firms in the sample are big. It would be useful to replicate the findings across a sample of firms where small, medium and big are presented proportionally. Also, it would be interesting to study the organizational performance by using objective measures.

Practical implications

The research reveals that organizational performance depends on CEO charisma. Firms should take into account the personality of CEOs, especially the trait to be energetic, when recruiting them.

Originality/value

The paper displays the impact of different traits of CEO personality, as perceived by employees, on the organizational performance of French firms.
Assessing the ethics of implementing performance appraisal systems
Authors: Sillup George P. , Klimberg Ronald
Published: December 2009

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to try to understand better whether performance appraisal (PA) helps performance evaluators (PEs) to manage more effectively and meet employees' expectations in US‐based corporations.

Design/methodology/approach

A 54‐item research instrument was developed and implemented using structured interviews with 54 PEs, who worked at five US‐based corporations (Aetna Insurance, IBM, Johnson & Johnson, Valspar, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals). Responses were statistically analyzed with descriptive statistics and decision trees.

Findings

Time dedicated to implementing PA was the most important factor leading to ethical issues. PEs with the highest educational levels and most experience spent the least amount of time (1.86 vs 3.19 hours) implementing PA. Most PEs (79.6 percent) solicited feedback about employees' performance from employees' peers but 20 percent did not. Additionally, not a single PE had PA as a specific objective, making it difficult to sequester time necessary for PA. Older PEs felt PA helped them manage more effectively and PEs who were Black or White and from Marketing/Sales were most favorable about meeting employees' PA expectations. There were no remarkable differences among PA systems at the five corporations, e.g. 360‐degree training.

Research limitations/implications

Structured interviews required delicate interaction due to sensitivity about the US economy and resulting layoffs within interviewees' corporations.

Practical implications

PEs, particularly older managers with higher educational levels, should have a PA objective and be held accountable to it to ensure that they dedicate time necessary to complete PA in the way the PA system intends.

Originality/value

The paper provides insight about PA within the US corporate setting and will be highly interesting to those in that field.
Parameters of managerial effectiveness
Authors: Analoui Farhad , Ahmed Abdulla A. , Kakabadse Nada
Published: December 2009

Purpose

This paper seeks to report on the findings of a recent study which explores the ways/factors which influence and/or determine the effectiveness of the senior management in the Muscat Municipality, Oman, by assessing the perception of senior managers concerning the influences (parameters) on their effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

The research has utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Analoui's model of “eight parameters for effectiveness” has been used as a basis to explore the awareness, perceptions, skills, organizational standards, motivation, degree of demands and constraints, and the presence of choices and opportunities for effectiveness.

Findings

Analoui's model of “managerial effectiveness” is applicable to the public sector in Oman. Senior managers are aware of their own effectiveness and better understanding of their effectiveness requires paying attention to the identified parameters and contexts in which they perform their tasks. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to their management development.

Practical implications

It is suggested that senior managers should be enabled: to communicate effectively with other people; to manage their own time and use it effectively; to make decisions/resolve problems; and to lead and motivate employees effectively at work. The reward system needs revising and a learning environment ought to be established to foster transformational leadership.

Originality/value

This first time study contributes to the present stock of knowledge and understanding of the subject by contextualising the concept of “managerial effectiveness” in Oman's public sector.