bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vector Borne Diseases and Climate Change
Authors: Kahime Kholoud , El Hidan Moulay Abdelmonaim , Sereno Denis , Lahouari Bounoua , Karmaoui Ahmed , Mansour Abdellaziz Ait , Zouhairi Nadia , Benammi Hind , Elkalay Khalid
Published: November 2021

The incidence of emergence diseases including vector borne diseases, water diseases, and some physiologic impairment is considered sensitive to climate. Malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue, and viral encephalitis are among those diseases most influenced by climate. Variation in the incidence of vector borne diseases is associated with extreme weather events and annual changes in weather conditions. Africa in general and Morocco in particular are designated as an area of significant impact by numerous the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports and notably susceptible to such drastic climate-related health consequences. Climatic parameter change would directly affect disease transmission by acting on the vector's geographic range, activity, or reproduction and by reduction the period of pathogen incubation. This chapter will discuss the increasing risk of some vector-borne diseases in hazard-prone localities. It further identifies the severe challenges both of health adaptation to climate change by highlighting Moroccan adaptive capacity to such crises.
Environmental Impact of EV Batteries and Their Recycling
Authors: Arfeen Zeeshan Ahmad , Hassan Rabia , Azam Mehreen Kausar , Abdullah Mohammad Pauzi
Published: November 2021

Electrifying transportation is one of the biggest keys to solving the looming climate crisis. The demand for electric vehicles (EV) is booming in the last five years and will increase in the coming years. In this modern age, where EV is the finest means of transportation due to null exhaust gases, there is a dire need to think about ways of recycling and reusing those batteries associated with EVs. In this context, it is estimated that post-vehicle battery packs application will be crossed from 1.4 million to 6.8 million by the year 2035. Numerous researches have been done on the re-purposing and safe disposal of EV batteries. However, presently, Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are the optimal choice for electric transportation due to greater energy density, compact size, and extended life cycles. Nonetheless, the trade-off between re-purposing and disposal of LiBs is substantial for the protection of the environment and human health. Regrettably, Lithium-ion battery recycling percentage is only 3% currently whereas its revival is negligible.
Drivers of EV Charging Infrastructure Entrepreneurship in India
Authors: Arafat Mohd Yasir , Saleem Imran , Devi Thoudam Prabha
Published: November 2021

The existing research advocating entrepreneurship as an important way to increase the uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) in developing countries and EV charging business is also playing a crucial role in increasing the adoption of EVs. EV charging is important for EV adoption, and entrepreneurship is also important for EV adoption; therefore, it is important that we must understand what mobilizes or prevents EV charging entrepreneurship. This chapter aimed at explaining drivers of EV charging entrepreneurship. A survey of 121 potential entrepreneurs shows that personal attitude, self-confidence, and opportunity perceptions shape the decision to engage in EV charging entrepreneurship. Policy measures to boost EV charging entrepreneurship have been suggested.
Recent Advancements in PEM Fuel Cell Technologies for Electrified Transportation
Authors: Arqam Mohammad , Usmani Sameer , Aberoumand Sadegh , Kumar Vinay
Published: November 2021

The interest in developing clean and environmentally-friendly energy devices to be used on vehicles is intensifying because of emissions from conventional internal combustion engines considered as one of the significant contributors to the rapidly changing climate. Fuel cell energy devices, especially the proton exchange membrane (PEM) type, are the solid contender to replace the conventional vehicle propulsion technology in the transport sector. The PEM fuel cell technology needs a lot of efforts to overcome some existing problems such as durability, hydrogen storage, and cost for its successful worldwide commercialisation. This chapter deals with the durability, cost, and performance challenges related to the utilization of PEM fuel cell technology in electrified transportation. Recent advancements concerning the current challenges have been discussed. Moreover, issues of hydrogen storage and infrastructure are outlined.
Role of Microfinance in Entrepreneurship Development
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: November 2021

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development are crucial for social and economic development. Various studies highlight and reckon this aspect of entrepreneurship development both in developed and developing economies. However, entrepreneurship development though the aim of many developing economies, the growth rate of entrepreneurs is not satisfactory. One of the prominent reasons for this is attributable to financing or lack of financing. Hence, adopting a systematic literature review method the aim of this chapter is to review critically the role of microfinance for entrepreneurship development. Further, the chapter provides solutions and recommendations for proper microfinancing to boost entrepreneurship development.
SME Financing
Authors: Oghosanine Emmanuel E.
Published: November 2021

Small and medium-scale enterprises around the world go through several challenges in a bid to achieve success. Many studies argue SMEs face challenges in different areas; some are critical for success whilst other are not. One of the critical challenges put forward by several studies is finding appropriate funding. Academics have described funds as the blood of every business and a key element that prescribes the supply of entrepreneurship. The challenge of funding remains a problem around the world both in developing and underdeveloped environments. The chapter provides insight into the funding issues faced by SMEs and provides practiced ways in which businesses in developing and underdeveloped environments can address the issue of funding.
The Shortfalls of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Act 2010 in Achieving Sustainable Development
Authors: Adele Manuchim Lawrence
Published: November 2021

This chapter examines the impact that the concept of “sustainable development” in the Nigerian oil and gas industry has had and is likely to have upon the development of energy, resources, and economic growth in the future of Nigeria upon the focus and scope of energy, resource, and environmental law practice associated with that development. The chapter will adopt the definition of sustainable development as articulated in the Brundtland Report by the World Commission on Environment and Development. It will examine the legal status of Sections 10 and 12 of the Nigerian Oil Industry Content Development Act 2010 and its implication on international trade and sustainable development. The chapter argues that Sections 10 and 12 of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Act 2010 do not reflect the meaning and intention of the Brundtland's definition of sustainable development, which evinces normative values, values of equity, and justice for all.
Perceived Trust and Confidence for Cryptocurrency Adoption
Authors: Liew Ewilly Jie Ying , Peh Wei Li , Leong Zhuan Kee
Published: November 2021

This chapter seeks to examine the influence of public perceptions of trust in people and confidence in institutions on cryptocurrency adoption, taking into account the individual-level demographic factors and the regional-level contextual factors. Data is obtained from three large-scale international surveys and national databases and analyzed using R software. The multivariate results demonstrate that individuals' public perceptions of trust and confidence significantly contribute to cryptocurrency adoption. Lower perceived trust in people and higher perceived confidence in civil service and international regulatory bodies increase cryptocurrency adoption, while perceived confidence in political and financial institutions discourages cryptocurrency adoption. Additionally, the univariate results find significant comparisons of gender and perceived trust differences on the predictors of cryptocurrency adoption. This chapter discusses and provides insights on the social impact and future of cryptocurrency adoption, particularly among the upper- and lower-middle-income countries.
E-Banking Services Acceptance in Malaysia
Authors: Sinnappan Glaret Shirley , Chua Kai Zhong , Ong Bee Chin
Published: November 2021

This study is aimed at examining the factors that affect the acceptance of electronic banking (e-banking) services in Malaysia, based on the variables of technology acceptance model (TAM) which consists of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use with another two variables, which are security and privacy, as well as social norms. The purpose of this study is to increase the number of users of e-banking services in Malaysia. The model was tested with an online survey sample (n = 270), structured interview (n = 10), and focus group (n = 8). Data gathered from the online survey was analysed using SPSS software. The result revealed a significant and positive relationship between perceived usefulness as well as security and privacy towards acceptance of e-banking services while an insignificant relationship is found between perceived ease of use and social norms towards the e-banking services in Malaysia. Of all the variables, perceived usefulness has the greatest influence on the acceptance of e-banking service in Malaysia.
Safety bundle application on nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period
Authors: Abd El Monem Mervat M. , Shahin Marwa A. , Salim Hanan M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (PIH) are an important cause of severe morbidity, long-term disability, and death among both mothers and their babies.

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety bundle application on nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Patiehypertension, postpartum period, pregnancy, safety bundlents and methods

A quasi-experimental design (pretest and posttest) was used. A purposive sample of all nurses (50 nurses) working in the obstetric hospital at Zagazig University hospitals was used in the period from January 2021 till May 2021. Two tools were used in this study: structured interviewing questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and data regarding nurses’ knowledge about management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period and observational checklist to evaluate nurses’ performance about management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Results

There were highly statistical significant differences preintervention and postintervention regarding nurses’ knowledge and performance about management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.

Conclusion

The application of safety bundle program has a positive effect on nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period with a highly statistically significant difference.

Recommendation

Continuous educational program to improve nurses’ knowledge and performance regarding application of safety bundle in management of hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum period.
The relationship between nurse manager’s behavior and staff nurses autonomy
Authors: Ali Heba A.E. , Elmolla Magda A. , Banan Sahar H. Aly El
Published: November 2021

Background

Nurse managers have a direct contact with staff nurses; therefore, they have the ability to influence nurses’ autonomy. Nurses’ practice needs autonomy to become powerful because it is noticed that nurses need to take more accurate and urgent decisions in their work. One of the major responsibilities of nurse managers is to support staff nurses to promote their autonomy by improving their skills, abilities, and practices that preserve their autonomy.

Aim

To examine the relationship between nurse manager behavior and staff nurses’ autonomy.

Design

A descriptive correlational design was utilized to collect data.

Sample

A convenient sample of staff nurses (211) working in the selected units during the time of data collection.

Setting

The study conducted at Cairo University Hospital and at New Kasr Einy Hospital.

Tools

Data were collected by using two tools. (a) The first tool was nurse manager’s behaviors in five dimensions. (b) The second tool was staff nurses’ autonomy tool in two dimensions.

Results

Research declared a statistically significant positive correlation between nurse managers’ behavior and staff nurses’ autonomy. Moreover, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between all dimensions of nurse manager’s behavior and staff nurses’ autonomy.

Conclusion

Supportive nurse manager’s behavior perception is an underlying factor of staff nurses’ autonomy.

Recommendations

Improving staff nurses’ autonomy should be emphasized through policy. Further researches are needed to examine the barriers that nurses face in relation to unit operational decisions. A training program should be provided for nurse managers about supportive behaviors.
The value of thoracic computed tomography scan comparing to reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Adibi Atoosa , Kazemi Kimia , Hajiahmadi Somaye , Shayganfar Azin , Abdollahpour Ibrahim , Manteghinejad Amirreza , Vaseghi Golnaz , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooye
Published: November 2021

Background:

Novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is the current pandemic causing massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. The gold standard diagnostic method in use is reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which cannot be solely relied upon. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a method currently used for diagnosis of lung disease and can play a substantial role if proved helpful in COVID-19 diagnosis. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT scan compared to RT-PCR in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

We recruited 291 hospitalized patients suspicious of COVID-19 according to typical clinical findings during February–March 2020. The patients underwent CT-scan and RT-PCR procedures on the day of hospital admission. CT scans were reported by two radiologists as typical, indeterminate, negative, and atypical. Statistical indices were calculated twice: once considering “typical” and “indeterminate” categories as positive and the other time counting “typical” results as positive.

Results:

The CT reports were classified as typical (64.95%), indeterminate (10.31%), atypical (11%), and negative (13.75%). Considering “typical” and “intermediate” as positive, sensitivity and specificity were 85.3% and 38.8%, respectively, and using the second assumption, the mentioned indices were 75.9% and 50.4%, respectively.

Conclusion:

According to our study, CT results do not create enough diagnostic benefit and could result in incorrect confidence if negative. Since widely available, CT integration in the clinical process may be helpful in screening of suspected patients in epidemics. Yet, suspected patients should be isolated till confirmed by (multiple) PCRs.
Myocardial damage in multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children and adolescents
Authors: Vukomanovic Vladislav , Krasic Stasa , Prijic Sergej , Petrovic Gordana , Ninic Sanja , Popovic Sasa , Cerovic Ivana , Ristic Snezana , Nesic Dejan
Published: November 2021

Background:

In multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporarily associated with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), myocardial damage has been reported.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective observational cohort study included children under 18 who had a myocardial injury related to COVID-19 treated in mother and child health institute from April 2020 to August 2020. Myocardial injury related to COVID-19 was manifested by elevated serum cardiac troponin and NT-proBNP with LV dysfunction, arrhythmias, and coronary arteries (CAs) dilatation or aneurysms. During the short-term follow-up, cardiac testing (electrocardiography, laboratory analysis, echocardiography, 24-h Holter monitoring, exercise stress test, and cardiac magnetic resonance) was performed.

Results:

Six male adolescents (14.7 ± 2.4 years) were included in the analysis (2/6 had MIS-C shock syndrome). All patients had elevated acute-phase reactants and NT-proBNP, whereas troponins were elevated in 5/6 patients. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (EF 45.2 ± 6.9%); 2/6 had dilated CAs. IVIG was prescribed to all patients with MIS-C. Four patients required inotropic drug support. During hospitalization, a significant reduction of CRP, LDH, NT-proBNP, and D-dimer (P < 0.05) was registered. LV systolic function recovery was registered 3 days after applied therapy (P < 0.001). None of the patients developed dilated cardiomyopathy or CA aneurysms.

Conclusions:

With early recognition and adequate MIS-C therapy, children recovered entirely, maintained in the short-term follow-up period.
Cross-Sectional Study of Candidemia from Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Ranjbar-Mobarake Maryam , Nowroozi Jamileh , Badiee Parisa , Mostafavi Sayed Nassereddin , Mohammadi Rasoul
Published: November 2021

Background:

Candidemia is a fatal invasive fungal infection that involves thousands of patients annually and is associated with high mortality rate and economic burden. The incidence of candidemia is increasing due to the use of invasive medical instruments and immunosuppressive drugs. The treatment of infection is problematic because of the increased resistance of clinical strains to antifungal drugs. The aim of the present study was to identify Candida species isolated from candidemia and determination of antifungal susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates.

Materials and Methods:

Three thousand eight hundred BACTEC bottles suspected to candidemia were evaluated from April 2019 to June 2020. For primary identification, a positive blood culture was subcultured onto the sabouraud glucose agar and CHROMagar™ Candida. For molecular identification, ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region was amplified by ITS1 and ITS4 primers and MspI restriction enzyme was applied to digest polymerase chain reaction amplicons. Minimum inhibitory concentration of seven antifungals was determined against clinical isolates by broth microdilution method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 and M27-S4 documents.

Results:

Forty-six out of 3800 suspected specimens were positive for candidemia (1.2%). The age range of the patients was between 11 days and 89 years, with a median age of 34.8 years. Candida albicans was found to be the most Candida species (58.7%), followed by C. parapsilosis complex (19.6%), C. glabrata complex (8.7%), C. krusei (6.5%), C. famata (4.3%), and C. tropicalis (2.2%). Resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole was detected in 13.6%, 11.3%, 6.8%, and 4.5% of clinical isolates, respectively.

Conclusion:

The incidence of non-albicans Candida species is increasing that must be highlighted. Since resistant Candida strains are found repeatedly, consecutive tracing of the species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates is recommended for better management of infections.
How is insulin-like growth factor-1 correlated with retinopathy of prematurity?
Authors: Jafari Nahid , Karimi Moghadam Arezoo , Taslimi Taleghani Naeeme , Hosseini Nezhad Neda , Motamed Nima , Jalilvand Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Background:

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) association with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is our object.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on IGF-1 levels of 40 neonates <34 weeks gestational age and 2000 g at 1st week and 4–6 weeks after birth. All participants were evaluated for ROP after 31 weeks of gestation.

Results:

IGF-1 levels showed a significant difference between neonates ≤1500 and 1500–2000 g (1 and 4–6 weeks, P = 0.008, P = 0.039, respectively). No significant association was found between IGF-1 and ROP.

Conclusion:

Finding a meaningful association between IGF-1 and ROP requires consideration of factors affecting the IGF-1.
Awareness and Practices Regarding Cervical Cancer Among Women of Self-Help Groups in Rural Puducherry
Authors: Boratne Abhijit V. , Angusubalakshmi R. , Maniraj Smrithi
Published: November 2021

Context:

India has the highest number of cervical cancer cases in the world and also the second most leading cause of cancer among females. Early diagnosis along with appropriate treatment at an earlier stage is needed to combat the high burden of cervical cancer in our setting.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to study the awareness and practices about cervical cancer among women of self-help groups (SHGs) in rural Puducherry.

Subjects and Methods:

Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women in SHGs in the four villages under field practice area of Rural Health Training Center, Department of Community Medicine of our teaching hospital. Details on sociodemographic characteristics, awareness regarding cervical cancer, and source of information regarding cervical cancer were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of study findings. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Majority (57.6%) of the SHG women were homemakers and about one-third (31.2%) of them were involved in farming and daily wage labor activities. Around 37.6% have awareness on cervical cancer and almost all (99.2%) of SHG women have never undergone PAP smear examination nor heard about PAP smear/HPV vaccine. The study revealed that women's education and socioeconomic status were associated with the knowledge of the cervical cancer and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The present study found that awareness about cervical cancer among the respondents was very less. It is found to be associated with maternal education, occupation, and socioeconomic status of the women.
Determinants of Correct Knowledge of Coronavirus Infection and COVID-19 Disease Pandemic among Pregnant Women in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Abdus-Salam Rukiyat Adeola , Lawal Temitayo Victor , Lawal Olatunji Okikiola , Akinlusi Fatima Motunrayo , Bello Oluwasomidoyin Olukemi , Morhason-Bello Imran Oludare
Published: November 2021

Background:

As the spread of COVID-19 continues, the disease and its sequels affect antenatal, intrapartum and post-partum care, thus making pregnant women and their babies vulnerable. This study assessed the knowledge of COVID-19 disease and determinants of correct knowledge among pregnant women at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women. Data collected were analysed with STATA 16.0 software. Descriptive, bivariate and multinomial regression analyses were performed. The primary outcomes were awareness of COVID-19 (yes/no), correct knowledge, and determinants.

Results:

Three hundred and eighty participants were interviewed. The mean age was 32 years (±4.78). A little over a third (37%) were aged 30-34 years, married (97.1%), Yoruba (86.6%), had tertiary education (89.0), in skilled occupation (54.6%) and not well-exposed to media (56.7%). The knowledge of COVID-19 was good (15%), fair (79%), and poor (6%). About 19.6%, 66.7% and 13.7% of participants who had poor, fair and good knowledge, respectively, believed that COVID-19 exists (P = 0.007). The factors associated with good knowledge include occupation, income, level of education and exposure to media (P value <0.05). On multinomial logistic regression, occupation was significantly associated with good knowledge, while being less exposed to media was significantly associated with having poor knowledge.

Conclusion:

Pregnant women had fair knowledge of COVID-19 disease; occupation, level of education, exposure to media and income are associated with having correct knowledge. Misinformation and misconception about COVID-19 disease may affect maternal health utilization and pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal care presents an opportunity to provide health education and increase the knowledge of COVID-19 among pregnant women.
Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Laryngeal Cancer in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Shuaibu Iliyasu Yunusa , Ajiya Abdulrazak , Adebola Shofoluwe Nurudeen , Adewuyi Sunday Adeyemi , Aminu Usman Mohammed , Adamu Auwal
Published: November 2021

Background:

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract worldwide, and its management may sometimes be challenging, especially in developing countries due to late presentation, poverty and limited resources.

Aim:

This study aims to highlight the clinical profile and treatment outcome of laryngeal cancer in our centre.

Patients and Methods:

This was a retrospective review of patients who were managed for laryngeal cancer between January 2011 and December 2020.

Results:

There were 90 (89.1%) males and 11 (10.9%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 8.2:1. The age ranged from 22 to 82 years, with a mean age of 57.2 ± 12.7 years. Fifty patients (49.5%) presented more than 1 year after the onset of the symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) was the only histological diagnosis observed in our patients. The laryngeal cancer was transglottic in location in 45 (44.6%) patients, while 50 (49.5%) patients presented with Stage III disease. Twenty-one (20.8%) patients had total laryngectomy. Amongst the patients managed, 17 (17.0%) were still on follow-up. Up to 37 (37.0%) were referred for radiotherapy elsewhere after chemotherapy. Forty-one of the patients (40.0%) died during the course of their management. There was a statistically significant association between having definitive surgical management and survival beyond 5 years (Chi-square test = 8.635,P= 0.003).

Conclusion:

Majority of the patients presented late with transglottic SCCA. Surgical extirpation of the lesion was associated with better prognosis in our patients.
Функции с обобщенно монотонными коэффициентами Фурье
Authors: Belov Aleksandr Sergeevich , Dyachenko Mikhail Ivanovich , Tikhonov Sergei Yur'evich
Published: November 2021

В работе исследуются тригонометрические ряды с обобщенно монотонными коэффициентами из класса $\operatorname{GM}(p)$ при $p\geqslant 1$. Получены точные оценки коэффициентов Фурье интегрируемых и непрерывных функций. Доказаны неулучшаемые в своих терминах результаты о различных видах сходимости рядов Фурье. Для $1<p<\infty$ получены двусторонние оценки $L_p$-модулей гладкости сумм рядов с коэффициентами из класса $\operatorname{GM}(p)$, а также (квази-)норм этих сумм в пространствах Лебега, Лоренца, Бесова и Соболева в терминах коэффициентов Фурье.
Библиография: 99 названий.
Case Report: Disseminated Cysticercosis due to Intentional Ingestion of Parasitic Worm Eggs for Weight Loss
Authors: Zhang Han-Yu , Wang Guo-Xing , Xing Yue-Yan , Xie Miao-Rong
Published: November 2021

A 20-year-old female resident of Beijing intended to consume the eggs of the parasitic worm, Taenia saginata, for weight loss; however, she apparently inadvertently ingested Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) eggs, which resulted in disseminated cysticercosis. Cysticerci developed in the brain, tongue, muscles, liver, peritoneum, and subcutaneous tissues. She was administered oral albendazole and praziquantel. After four 10-day courses of treatment, most of the cysts disappeared and she recovered. After 3 years, the patient remains in good health.
A Reevaluation of the Tolerability and Effects of Single-Dose Ivermectin Treatment on Onchocerca volvulus Microfilariae in the Skin and Eyes in Eastern Ghana
Authors: Opoku Nicholas O. , Gyasi Michael E. , Doe Felix , Lew Daphne , Hong Augustine R. , Chithenga Sithembele , Fischer Peter U. , King Christopher L. , Weil Gary J.
Published: November 2021

Mass administration of ivermectin (IVM) has significantly reduced onchocerciasis prevalence, intensity, and morbidity in most endemic areas. Most IVM clinical trials were performed long ago in persons with high-intensity infections that are uncommon in West Africa today. This cohort treatment study recruited participants from a hypoendemic area in eastern Ghana to reevaluate the efficacy and tolerability of IVM with a special focus on the kinetics of microfilaria (Mf) clearance. Mf in the skin and anterior chambers (AC) were assessed by skin snip and slit lamp examinations at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment with IVM 150 μg/kg. Most participants (184–231, 79.7%) enrolled were treatment-naïve. The baseline geometric mean skin Mf count was 12.67/mg (range 3–86). Although persons with MfAC at baseline (64/231, 27%) had significantly higher skin Mf counts than people without MfAC, 7 of 39 (15%) of persons with skin Mf counts in the range of 3–5 Mf/mg had MfAC. Skin Mf were detected in 14% (31/218) and 45% (96/216) of participants 3 and 6 months after IVM treatment, respectively. MfAC were detected in 12 of 212 (5.7%) study participants at 6 months. 81% (187 of 231) of participants experienced 439 adverse events within 7 days after treatment; all adverse events were mild (96.1%) or moderate. This study has provided new data on the kinetics of Mf in the skin and eyes after IVM treatment of persons with light to moderate intensity Onchocerca volvulus infections that are common in Africa at this time.
Case Report: Splenic Infarction in Infectious Mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Nishioka Hiroaki , Hayashi Katsuma , Shimizu Hayato
Published: November 2021

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and IM is a clinical syndrome typically characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymph node enlargement. We describe the case of a 19-year-old man with IM complicated by splenic infarction. The patient visited our hospital because of upper abdominal pain without a fever and sore throat. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a low-density area in the spleen, which indicated splenic infarction. The next day, he developed a fever. After diminishing abdominal pain and fever, he developed pharyngitis accompanied by fever. Acute EBV infection was confirmed by serological tests. The patient was successfully managed with no specific therapy. Splenic infarction is a rare complication of IM and this case showed that splenic infarction can precede a fever and pharyngitis.
The synthesis of zirconium and tetraethylenepentamine bi-functionalized TiO2 for efficient CO2 adsorption
Authors: Yang Fan M. , Li Li J. , He Guo W.
Published: November 2021

In the present work, zirconium-doped metal oxide of TiO2(ZrN) was synthesized and functionalized with different amount of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The physical properties of the materials were tested using temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrum, Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Infrared spectrometer, N2 adsorption-desorption analyzer, energy dispersion spectrum and thermogravimetric analyzer. Zr species has a positive effect on the enhancement of the thermal stability and amine utilization. After the introduction of Zr, the decomposition temperature of TEPA is improved to 180℃. Over TEPA decorated adsorbents, physical adsorption and chemical adsorption occurs simultaneously. When the adsorption time is 75℃, CO2 flow rate is 20 mL/min, the adsorbent of TEPA(40)/TiO2(Zr0.1) exhibit a remarkable amine utilization of 83.5%.
Sustainability as a factor of changing marketing strategies based on the customers´ preferences in context of different generations in Slovakia
Authors: Smolka Samuel , Smolkova Eva , Vilcekova Lucia
Published: November 2021

The most up-to-date challenge of modern marketing is the need to incorporate sustainability principles into marketing strategies. Promoting the principles of sustainability requires setting environmental objectives at the enterprise level and devising marketing strategies that meet the environmental requirements and customer preferences. The article deals with two basic topics, the issue of environmental marketing against the background of customer preferences and generations of consumers, more precisely as they were profiled in Slovakia. Examining the preferences of customers of different generations aimed to prove that implementing environmental marketing principles is necessary. Although the aim of the research was to correlate selected findings with the preferences of the environmental objectives of different generations, the research that focused on the behavior of different generations of consumers under the sustainability concept revealed some original findings concerning the assessment of ethnocentrism under the sustainability concept.
Name discrimination – selected attributes based on the German advertising practice
Authors: Bruns Lukas , Hummer Kevin
Published: November 2021

Surprisingly, research on name discrimination in advertising is still at an early stage, although all flanking fields have experienced deep and broad research. Discrimination can be evoked through the use of names in advertising. In this article, the reader will learn which factors, such as stereotyping or serving stereotypes, have an influence on the perception in certain name bearers. This work makes a contribution to understanding and working through the problem in more detail. The use of names in advertising, which classify certain names and thus people into groups, may not be suitable if discrimination is to be excluded. The factors and individual interdependencies were only examined in this work in Germany and may therefore be different in other countries and cultures.
Mathematical Models and Comparative Analysis for Rice and Soya Bean Irrigation Crop Water Needs: A Case Study of Bida Basin Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: A. Abdulrahim  , M. D Shehu  , E Yisa  , Z. A. Ishaq
Published: November 2021

In this manuscript, mathematical models for cropping water need (C.W.N) and the size of land for irrigation (S.L.I) were formulated. The solutions of the models for Crop water need for Soya beans and Rice, and the size of land for irrigation (S.L.I) of the two crops was obtained. We fill the gap by considering the size of the irrigation land which is not considered by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O). The computational Method of solutions is carried out to get effective results. The climatic data of the study area (Bida Basin) under which our research is based includes: Rainfall, Humidity, Sunshine hours, minimum and maximum temperature, evapotranspiration were secondary data collected from Nigeria Metrological Society (NIMET). We compared the results of CROPWAT 8.0 software developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A. O) and our computational method so that we can arrive at a new finding and better results. The results for the computational method with the size of Land for irrigation shows that there is an increase in crop water need for the crops than the results of CROPWAT 8.0 software developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A. O) in which the size for the land is not considered. We therefore, recommended that the integral calculus can be used to estimate the irregular shape of the size of the land if the land shape is not in rectangular form before solutions are given for accuracy and effective results.
Deposition Time induced Structural and Optical Properties of Lead Tin Sulphide Thin Films
Authors: J. Damisa  , J. O. Emegha  , I. L. Ikhioya
Published: November 2021

Lead tin sulphide (Pb-Sn-S) thin films (TFs) were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via the electrochemical deposition process using lead (II) nitrate [Pb(NO3)2], tin (II) chloride dehydrate [SnCl2.2H2O] and thiacetamide [C2H5NS] precursors as sources of lead (Pb), tin (Sn) and sulphur (S). The solution of all the compounds was harmonized with a stirrer (magnetic) at 300k. In this study, we reported on the improvements in the properties (structural and optical) of Pb-Sn-S TFs by varying the deposition time. We observed from X-ray diffractometer (XRD) that the prepared material is polycrystalline in nature. UV-Vis measurements were done for the optical characterizations and the band gap values were seen to be increasing from 1.52 to 1.54 eV with deposition time. In addition to this, the absorption coefficient and refractive index were also estimated and discussed.
Assessment of Radiation Shielding Properties of Polymer-Lead (II) Oxide Composites
Authors: Salawu M. A. , Gbolahan J. A. , Alabi A. B.
Published: November 2021

Long term exposure to very high levels of radiations from medical diagnostic centres, industries, nuclear research establishments and nuclear weapon development have resulted in health effects such as cancer and acute radiation syndrome, hence the need for proper radiation shielding. This paper investigated Epoxy-Lead (II) Oxide (PbO) composite as radiation shielding. The composites were prepared by dispersion of microsized PbO particles into polymeric materials using effective melt-mixing method and cast in a 4 cm by 6 cm rectangular aluminium Mold with a thickness of 5 mm and was allowed to set over night at room temperature. The gamma ray attenuation ability of the composites were studied using gamma ray transmission or attenuation coefficient determination for the gamma ray energy. Three gamma ray sources Ba-133, Cs-137 and Co-60 were employed. The density, linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer (HVL), relaxation length and heaviness of the samples were determined. The measured values of linear attenuation coefficient increased with increasing filler concentration in all the samples at all gamma ray energies. It was also noticed that 40 % and 50 % filler samples attenuates more relative to the other samples under study. The maximum linear attenuation attained was found at energy of 662 keV. The composites have been found to possessed medical gamma-ray attenuation characteristics among the sample materials over a certain photon energy range (0.08 MeV–1.332 MeV) and found useful as a biological radiation shielding against gamma rays.
Effects of Repeated Frying on Physical Properties of Cooking Oil obtained from Local Markets in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria.
Authors: Terver Daniel  , F. Eriba-Idoko  , J. O. Tsor  , S. T. Kungur  , E. O. Enokela  , F. Gbaorun  , E. C. Hemba  , A. A. McAsule  , N. S. Akiiga  , P. O. Ushie
Published: November 2021

The viscosity, density and specific gravity of different brands of cooking oil samples locally sourced for in Makurdi have been measured with respect to change in temperature. The viscosity of the different brands of cooking oil was measured with the instrumentality of Brookfield Viscometer. The density and specific gravity were evaluated using the mass of the sampled oil obtained with the help of the density bottle. The result showed a pattern of rapid decrease in viscosity with increase in temperature for the oil samples, while density decrease is observed to be almost linear with increase in temperature for all samples. Amongst the sampled cooking oils, palm kernel showed the least viscosity of 8.6 Pascal-second when measured at 45.200C. This illustrates that palm kernel oil has a relatively low viscous nature at 45.200C as compared to other samples used in this work but cannot be recommended to be used as lubricants in vehicles in place of gasoline because they have very low viscous nature within temperatures far less than 100 0C.
THE TEMPORALITIES OF POLICY TRANSLATION IN THE SEMI-PERIPHERY: REVISITING THE EUROPEANISATION OF WELFARE REFORMS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH EAST EUROPE
Authors: Lendvai-Bainton Noémi , Stubbs Paul
Published: November 2021

This article seeks to conceptualise time and temporality in the context of semi-peripheral social relations, with a particular focus on the transnational dimensions of policy translation. In particular, we show how, albeit within the co-existence of multiple temporalities, ‘policy time’ and ‘time in policy’ tends to enable and privilege particular kinds of policy processes over others. Revisiting a number of themes from our ethnographic work on social policy reform drawn, mainly, from the post-Yugoslav and Hungarian context and relating, mainly, to so-called ‘Europeanisation’ processes, allows us to foreground the spatio-temporal dimensions of policy processes. The text explores some key challenges in terms of how to treat time within critical policy studies.
U IME KĆERKE – ANTROPOLOGIJA RODA U CRNOJ GORI
Authors: Brković Čarna
Published: November 2021

This paper presents an edited version of an introduction to a special issue of the journal “Comparative Southeast European Studies”, which asks how we can understand gendered practices in Montenegro beyond the balkanist discourse. The key argument is that we can understand gendered practices in Montenegro such as sex-selective abortions only if we consider the complicated ways in which material and economic processes become intertwined with social and cultural logics, simultaneously reinforcing old stereotypes while creating new spaces for action and change. The practice of gender in Montenegro is predicated on specific kinship and property relationships, which it also perpetuates and women in the country are neither as oppressed nor as free as they might seem from a liberal feminist perspective. Anyone pondering how to articulate criticism and how to encourage change to gendered practices in Montenegro should take into account how possibilities for individual as well as collective action are shaped by kinship relationality, inheritance expectations and state and public policy on gender.
Two Models of Coteaching from University Teaching Staff: Phenomenographic Research
Authors: Pinzón-Ulloa Jesus , Tafur Arciniegas Mariana , Flores H. Irma A.
Published: November 2021

The literature of coteaching in the post-secondary landscape encompasses a wide array of different conceptions. Having multiple meanings of coteaching in higher education may pose some challenges for effectively implementing and researching this collaborative model. We should have a clear picture of the qualitatively different ways in which educators who co-teach in post-secondary settings understand this practice. Aiming to offer one of the first contributions to this effort, we analyzed the experiences of 16 university coteaching practitioners from a top university in Bogotá, Colombia. The sample participants´ interviews were analyzed using a phenomenographic methodology (Marton, 1981), which seeks to capture the variation and complexity of the understanding of a phenomenon. Our findings reveal two perspectives for understanding coteaching, one relying on the meaning (referential conceptions) and the other on the practice (structural conceptions). Participants´ coteaching meanings are determined by four qualitatively different understandings: cooperative teaching, collaborative teaching, pedagogical training, and critical pedagogy. When it comes to practice, the findings show eight categories, some of which have been previously described in narrative accounts about coteaching. The variability emerging from our findings highlights conceptual multiplicity rather than uniformity, thereby shedding light on the complexity of coteaching in post-secondary settings.
“I finally marginalized myself from the mainstream”: An Autoethnography Study of Chinese International Student’s Development of Intercultural Communicative Competence
Authors: Lin Yuqi , Zhang Hongzhi
Published: November 2021

In the higher education market, the cross-border flow of international students has become increasingly apparent. For Australia, China has been a major student source and most of these students have been enrolled in the higher education sector. Such a phenomenon has rendered the innovation of higher education management necessary, and its socio-cultural influence has attracted attention from the Australian government. This study suggests that international students’ intercultural communicative competence (ICC) deficits could influence their self-perceptions thus compromising their ability to communicate with peers. Using a qualitative research approach, the study explores the extent to which China’s College English influences Chinese international students’ intercultural performance and unpacks the reasons for their behaviours. An autoethnography of a Chinese international student was provided to indicate that the experience from both home and host countries would constitute a habitual thinking pattern that could exert an enduring impact on individuals. Via critically engaging with Byram and Morgan’s three dimensions of ICC and Byram’s model of ICC, the participant’s ICC was analysed, and her conceptions of culture and language were discovered. This study advocates more meaningful explorations about English curricula and highlights the need for forming a caring and humane society and tapping the value of international students in the era of globalisation.
Parents’ Awareness on Online Predators: Cyber Grooming Deterrence
Authors: Dorasamy Magiswary , Kaliannan Maniam , Jambulingam Manimekalai , Ramadhan Iqbal , Sivaji Ashok
Published: November 2021

The rapid increase of information and communications technology is manifested by its tremendous positive outcomes on the economy, business, and society. However, online application use by adolescents, especially mobile technology, has caused uneasiness among parents owing to cyber grooming incidents. This study reflects on the current cyber grooming situation. Investigating the current state of online grooming and the means through which parents can ensure the online safety of their adolescents from adults offering “candy” or wanting to start a relationship is necessary. Teen behavior related scholars believe that parents play a vital role in building safe environments. We conducted a qualitative study by interviewing 19 parents with children between the ages of 13 and 17 years in an urban setting to determine the level of the parents’ awareness. Interviews were conducted based on five key components, namely, social media, unknown friends, sex education, private chats, and family time. The results present the actual situations of the parents and highlight related challenges as well as adolescents’ ignorance and vulnerability to cyber grooming. Results are mapped to three main determinants of cyber grooming, namely, parental factors, self-efficacy, and self-regulation. We conclude with insights and recommendations for parents, schools, and the government to be vigilant for online predators by increasing awareness of cyber grooming.
THE EVALUATION OF USABILITY OF I-REHLAH PROTOTYPE BASED ON EXPERTS’ CONSENSUS USING FUZZY DELPHI ANALYSIS
Authors:   International Islamic University College Selangor, Ahmad Mohammad Imran , Jaffar Mohammad Najib ,   Islamic Science University of Malaysia, Adnan Ahmad Syukri ,   International Islamic University College Selangor, Mansor Naqibah ,   International Islamic University College Selangor
Published: November 2021

To verify a product’s usefulness, each application must go through a testing or evaluation phase. The usability evaluation is described as a test performed on a real user to assess how easy it is to use an application. In this study, the respondents must use the developed prototype and evaluate it by answering the questionnaire provided in order to determine the usability of the i-Rehlah prototype. Since the evaluation of usability could not be applied to Arab tourists as the main respondents, the authors decided to appoint professionals in academia, industry and government as respondents. For the initial phase of construction for the real application, the choice of this technique and a target group of experts is deemed appropriate.