bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELIGIOUS STRESS AS A PREDICTOR OF ADULT SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS AMONG SEXUAL MINORITIES
Authors: Schindler Jennifer , Martin Magy , Martin Don
Published: July 2021

Researchers have taken considerable interest in the relationship between religious stress and substance use disorders in adulthood among sexual minorities. The purpose of this study was to examine religious stress as a predictor variable for substance use disorders among sexual minorities. A sample of 105 self-selected participants identified as sexual minorities completed the survey. Data were analyzed using correlational analysis. Contrary to previous research, our results indicated no significant correlation between religious stress and substance abuse disorder in sexual minorities. While religious stress is difficult for individuals, our data indicates it may not lead specifically to substance use disorders.
GOOD PRACTICE EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN GIATMARA IN MALAYSIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Azmi Tazifuzin , Salleh Dani
Published: July 2021

The labour force is one of the most important resources of an organization or department and not the exception in the construction industry. Systematic workforce planning in construction projects needed to control the problem of shortage of skilled labour and to avoid wastage in a project. In line with this, the marketability of graduates today not only needs to be reflected in their academic achievement but also needs to be balanced with skills including technical and vocational training to be more relevant to the changing environment of the 21st-century workplace which requires more highly skilled workers. This research is a descriptive form and data collection method using a questionnaire set instrument. Data were collected and analysed using the software Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, by considering min and Std. Deviation values. The study found that good practices emphasized by GIATMARA in providing quality education and training were supporting the economic development of the country in the knowledge-based construction industry.
EXTERNAL GOVERNMENT DEBT MANAGEMENT OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC AND PANDEMIC SHOCKS
Authors: MOROZ Ivanna
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on macroeconomic dynamics and the state of external public debt are analised. The main reasons for the growth of the State Budget deficit of Ukraine are identified and the need to increase the efficiency of the external public debt management policy in the context of minimizing the budget deficit is proved. Emphasis is placed on the situational and imbalance of Ukraine’s external public debt management policy, which is due to the lack of the Economic Development Strategy of Ukraine and the Government’s program of activities for 2020. It is substantiated that the lack of clear strategic goals of economic development of the state and adherence to such a strategy has led to an increase in the cost of servicing external pu blic debt, increasing the cost of attracting it and reducing the maturity. It is also proved that the lack of strategy together with the low level of fiscal, debt and monetary policy coherence are the main reasons for inefficient conversion of external public debt, as the main amounts of external government borrowing are not used to finance economic development, but to finance state budget expenditures and to repay old debts.

The purpose of to the article is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of debt policy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to justify a new paradigm of Ukraine’s external public debt management policy.

Results. Based on the analysis of major macroeconomic trends in Ukraine and identifying external debt problems, the latest paradigm of external public debt management policy is proposed, the essence of which is to subordinate debt policy to tactical and strategic goals of the national economy budget, debt and monetary policy, as well as in achieving effective conversion of external government borrowing to stimulate economic development. It is proposed to use a program-targeted method of external public debt management policy, which involves raising funds from international organizations exclusively to finance specific government programs.

Perspectives. It is necessary to increase the efficiency of conversion of external government loans to finance capital investments from the State budget, which will use the foreign debt potential to stimulate Ukraine’s economic development.
THE ROLE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION IN COUNTERING THE GROWTH OF PROTECTIONISM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: SIDLIAR Viktoriia
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The global economy has been shaken by a wave of protectionism, which has led to trade restrictions and a deterioration in world trade and GDP. The spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 has put the international community in a state of uncertainty and unpredictability, and world trade in a state of crisis due to a record rate of decline. Sharp confrontations in trade relations between world leaders have called into question the ability of international arbitrators, such as the WTO, to resolve trade disputes on the basis of existing rules and agreements reached. Today, WTO members recognize the need to reform the organization.

The purpose of the article is to research the role of the World Trade Organization in countering the spread of protectionist policies and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results. Modern tendencies of world trade and pragmatism of introduction of trade restrictions are considered. The key problems of the WTO institutional crisis are revealed and the need for its reform is determined.

Conclusions. The WTO needs to be reformed in order to a more flexible structure that will better meet the demands of the times and perform its core functions more effectively, in particular, providing mechanisms for settling international trade disputes and developing and adopting world trade standards. Effective WTO reforms, the resumption of dialogue between members and the choice of achievable goals are the basis of a multilateral trading system that meets the needs of today’s digital economy and promotes economic growth. The result of WTO reforms should not be a new paradigm that is not based on trade liberalization, but the development of corrective tools that will support the benefits of this institution, meet current and future needs.
Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Tanaman Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes sp.
Authors: Giroth Sonnia J. , Bernadus Janno B. B. , Sorisi Angle M. H.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are known as the two main vectors of DHF disease. One way to control DHF is by breaking the chain of spread in the larval phase with larvicides. The use of organic larvicides derived from plants is in great demand, one of which is extracts of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This study aims to determine the level of efficacy or the effect of concentration of lemongrass extract solution on mortality rates of Aedes sp. larvae. This is an experimental study using 40 instar larvae III / IV of Aedes sp. which were given the intervention of lemongrass plant extracts with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. This experiment was carried out twice. Four observations were made every 6 hours. Probit analysis was performed to determine Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC90) and Lethal Time (LT50 and LT90). The analysis showed that the lemongrass plant extract at a concentration of 20% had a significant difference with the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group (p <0.05). In conclusion, extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with a concentration of 20% is effective for killing larvae of Aedes sp.Keywords: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, larval mortality  Abstrak: Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus diketahui sebagai dua vektor utama dari penyakit DBD. Salah satu cara pengendalian DBD adalah dengan memutus rantai penyebaran pada fase larva dengan larvasida. Pemanfaatan larvasida organik atau alami yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan banyak diminati, salah satunya adalah ekstrak tanaman serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keampuhan atau pengaruh konsentrasi larutan ekstrak tanaman serai terhadap tingkat mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedessp. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental sederhana menggunakan 40 ekor larva instar III/IV nyamuk Aedes sp. yang diberikan intervensi ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam sebanyak 4 kali, dengan 2 kali percobaan. Analisis probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC50 dan LC90) dan Lethal Time (LT50dan LT90). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman serai pada konsentrasi 20% memiliki perbedaan signifikan dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Simpulan penelitian ialah ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 20% efektif untuk mematikan larva Aedes sp.Kata Kunci: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, mortalitas larva
Uji Potensi Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya linn) sebagai Larvasida terhadap Larva Aedes sp. Di Manado
Authors: Ammari Nazzirah A. , Wahongan Greta J. P. , Bernadus Janno B. B.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Papaya leaf extract as a natural larvicide can be used as an alternative to control resistant Aedes aegypti populations. The benefits of controlling the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) vektor are reducing the level of morbidity, mortality and suffering of individuals and their families. This research was conducted with a simple laboratory experimental method. Used papaya leaves extract and larvae of Aedes sp. instar III and IV taken in water float. This study used 100 larvae divided into 2 groups with positive groups, namely the concentration of 5gr, 10 gr, 15 gr and 20 gr and a control group that only used aquadesh which was repeated twice. This study aimed to determine the potential of papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya Linn) as a larvicide against larvae of Aedes sp. in Manado. In conclusion, papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya Linn) has potential as a larvicide against Aedes sp. Larvae. where the higher the extract concentration given, so the mortality rate of Aedes sp. larvae higher.Keyword :  Papaya Leaves (Carica Papaya Linn), Larvacides, Larvae Aedes sp.  Abstrak: Ekstrak daun pepaya sebagai larvasida alami dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk mengendalikan populasi Aedes aegypti yang telah resisten. Manfaat dari pengendalian vektor penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah mengurangi tingkat kesakitan, kematian, dan penderitaan individu beserta keluarganya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun papaya (Carica Papaya Linn) sebagai larvasida terhadap larva Aedes sp. di Manado. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan  metode eksperimental laboratoris sederhana.  Menggunakan ekstrak daun pepaya dan larva Aedes sp. instar III dan IV yang di ambil di penampungan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 ekor larva yang terbagi atas 2 kelompok dengan kelompok uji yaitu konsentrasi 5gr, 10 gr, 15 gr dan 20 gr serta kelompok control yang hanya menggunakan aquadesh  yang diulangi sebanyak dua kali percobaan. Hasil nilai p yang didapat dari uji Kruskall Wallis memiliki nilai p < 0.05, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat kematian larva Aedes sp. setelah 6 jam, 12 jam, 18 jam dan 24 jam pada berbagai konsentrasi perlakuan. Sebagai simpulan, ekstrak daun papaya (Carica Papaya Linn) memiliki potensi sebagai  larvasida terhadap larva Aedes sp. dimana semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak yang diberikan maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kematian larva Aedes sp. Kata Kunci : Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya Linn), Larvasida, Larva Aedes sp.
Molecular Docking terhadap Senyawa Isoeleutherin dan Isoeleutherol sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Prasetio Nathanael F. , Kepel Billy J. , Bodhi Widdhi , Fatimawali . , Manampiring Aaltje , Budiarso Fona
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Dayak onions are herbal plants used by Indonesians as an anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and antiviral. By consuming herbal plants, it can increase immunity which is the main key in preventing the virus, especially COVID-19. This study was aimed to determine the effect of dayak active compound anchoring on the growth of the corona virus. This study used molecular docking method. The results of visualization of molecular docking when compared to the binding affinity of remdesivir obtained a binding affinity of -7.3, while the binding affinity of isoeleutherin and isoeleutherol was -6.9, so the result was lower than remdesivir. isoeleutherin and isoeleutherol compounds have a lower binding affinity value than remdesivir, so isoeleutherin and isoeleutherol compounds have lower yields as inhibitors of COVID-19.Keywords: dayak onions, SARS-CoV-2, molecular docking  Abstrak: Bawang Dayak merupakan tanaman herbal yang digunakan masyarakat Indonesia sebagai antiinflamasi, antikanker, antimikroba, antidiabetes, antihipertensi dan antivirus. Dengan mengkonsumsi tanaman herbal dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh yang menjadi kunci utama dalam mencegah virus terlebih COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambatan senyawa aktif bawang dayak terhadap pertumbuhan dari corona virus. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian penambatan molekul (molecular docking). Hasil visualisasi molecular docking jika dibandingkan binding affinity dari remdesivir didapatkan binding affinity yaitu -7,3 sedangkan binding affinity dari isoeleutherin dan isoeleutherol adalah -6,9, maka diperoleh hasil yang lebih rendah dari remdesivir. senyawa isoeleutherine dan isoeleutherol memiliki nilai binding affinity yang lebih rendah dari remdesivir, maka senyawa isoeleutherin dan isoeleutherol memiliki hasil yang lebih rendah sebagai penghambat COVID-19.Kata Kunci: bawang dayak, SARS-CoV-2, molecular docking
Nervus Olfaktorius: Dasar, Klinis Medis, dan Psikologis
Authors: Ruru Pingkan M. , Pasiak Taufiq F. , Kaseke Martha M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: The olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve. Olfactory disorders can have a negative impact on health and quality of life and affect human psychology. The aim of this study is to determine the basic anatomical, clinical medical and psychological picture of the olfactory nerve. This study was in the form of a literature review. Literature is taken from one database, namely PubMed. The keywords used were olfactory nerve anatomy AND clinical AND psychology. After being selected with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 literature will be reviewed. Research from 11 literature reviewed found the basic anatomy of the olfactory nerve. Clinical disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, phantosmia can occur in several non-neurodegenerative and neurodegenerative events or diseases, namely head injury trauma, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and COVID-19. Psychological issues related to emotional and psychiatric disorders are also related to smell. In conclusion, the first cranial nerve is the olfactory nerve or the olfactory nerve, which clinically can occur in neurogenerative and non-neurodegenerative diseases. Smell and its disturbances can have a psychological impact.Keywords: olfactory nerve, anatomy, clinical, psychology.  Abstrak: Nervus olfaktorius merupakan saraf kranial pertama. Gangguan olfaktorius dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan dan kualitas hidup serta memengaruhi psikologis manusia. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran dasar anatomi, klinis medis dan psikologis dari nervus olfaktorius. Penelitian ini dalam bentuk literature review. Literatur diambil dari  satu database yaitu PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu olfactory nerve anatomy AND clinical AND psychology. Setelah diseleksi dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan 11 literatur yang akan di review. Hasil penelitian dari 11 literatur yang di review didapatkan anatomi dasar nervus olfaktorius. Gangguan klinis seperti anosmia, hiposmia, phantosmia dapat terjadi pada beberapa kejadian atau penyakit non-neurodegeneratif dan neurodegeneratif yaitu Trauma cedera kepala, Alzheimer, Parkinson dan COVID-19. Psikologis yang berkaitan dengan emosional dan gangguan psikiatri juga berhubungan dengan penciuman. Sebagai simpulan, saraf kranial pertama adalah nervus olfaktorius atau disebut saraf penciuman, secara klinis bisa terjadi pada penyakit neurogeneratif dan non-neurodegeneratif. Penciuman dan gangguannya dapat memengaruhi psikologis.Kata kunci: Saraf olfaktori, anatomi, klinis, psikologi.
Peran Imunitas Seluler Pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Runtukahu Arjilio T. Z. , Marunduh Sylvia R. , Polii Hedison
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Pregnant women are susceptible to various diseases, such as infectious diseases because fetus identified as a foreign object to immune system. Body will accommodate this situation with the immunosuppression process. Cellular immunity is last line of defense in pregnant women that susceptible to infection, researchers interested to conducting a literature review about role of cellular immunity in pregnant women. This study aims to determine role of cellular immunity in pregnant women. Collecting data use three databases, namely: Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Ten literatures met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It consists of various types of research designs: three cross-sectional studies, three article review studies, two case control studies, one systematic review study and one longitudinal study. The results of the literature review showed: Decreased number of T cells; CD8+ and Th1 cells activity is increased in viral infections; Th1 / Th2 shifting occurs during pregnancy; Infection that occurs during pregnancy likely to have a negative impact on the mother and the fetus; and Vaccination can increase immunity of the mother and fetus against infectious diseases. Cellular immunity maintains the stability of the functions of mother and fetus during pregnancy by adjusting the quantity between Th1 and Th2 cells.Keywords: Cell-mediated Immunity, Pregnant Women, Pregnancy   Abstrak: Wanita hamil rentan terhadap berbagai macam penyakit, seperti penyakit infeksi karena janin dianggap sebagai benda asing oleh sistem imun tubuh. Tubuh akan mengakomodasi keadaan ini dengan proses imunosupresi. Imunitas seluler menjadi lini pertahanan tubuh terakhir pada ibu hamil yang rentan terhadap infeksi membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan literature review terhadap peran imunitas seluler pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran dari imunitas seluler pada ibu hamil. Pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Sciencedirect, Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Sepuluh literature memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdiri dari berbagai jenis rancangan penelitian yaitu: tiga penelitian cross – sectional, tiga penelitian article review, dua penelitian case control study, satu penelitian systematic review dan satu penelitian longitudinal study. Hasil penelitian literature review menunjukan: Penurunan jumlah sel T; Aktivitas Sel T CD8+ dan Th1 meningkat pada infeksi virus; Shifting Th1/Th2 terjadi selama kehamilan; Infeksi yang terjadi pada saat kehamilan sangat mungkin memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi ibu dan janin; dan Vaksinasi bisa meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh ibu dan janin terhadap penyakit infeksi. Imunitas seluler menjaga kestabilan fungsi tubuh ibu dan janin selama kehamilan lewat penyesuaian kuantitas antara sel Th1 dan Th2.Kata Kunci: Imunitas diperantarai sel, Ibu Hamil, Kehamilan
Hubungan Lama Duduk Terhadap Keluhan Nyeri Punggung Bawah
Authors: Hutasuhut Ruth O. , Lintong Fransiska , Rumampuk Jimmy F.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that is often found in society. Low Back Pain can cause quality of life to deteriorate and inhibits certain activities. Certain influential factors such as age, gender, Body Mass Index, stress, length of sitting, and posture when doing work. Low Back Pain is a risk to medical students. Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sitting time and complaints of low back pain in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University. The research method used is an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square test. The results showed a p value (p <0.001) between the length of sitting and complaints of low back pain, with a sitting time of 5- 8 hours. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between sitting time and complaints of low back pain in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University.Keywords: Low Back Pain, prolonged sitting, medical students  Abstrak: Nyeri Punggung Bawah (NPB) merupakan gangguan muskuloskeletal yang sering ditemukan dalam masyarakat. NPB dapat menyebabkan kualitas hidup memburuk dan menghambat aktivitas tertentu. Beberapa faktor tertentu yang berpengaruh seperti umur, jenis kelamin, Indeks Massa Tubuh, stres, lama duduk, dan sikap tubuh ketika melakukan pekerjaan. NPB berisiko terjadi pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan lama duduk terhadap keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuisioner  kemudian di analisis menggunakan uji statistik Pearson Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan p value (p < 0,001) antara lama duduk dan keluhan nyeri punggung bawah, dengan lama duduk 5- 8 jam. Sebagai simpulan, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lama duduk terhadap keluhan nyeri punggung bawah pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi.Kata Kunci : Nyeri Punggung Bawah, lama duduk, mahasiswa kedokteran
Molecular Docking Senyawa Vitexin, Ursolic Acid dan Flavonol dalam Tumbuhan Binahong (Andredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) yang Berpotensi sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan COVID-19
Authors: Rambitan Sensea R. , Manampiring Aaltje , Fatimawali . , Kepel Billy J. , Budiarso Fona , Bodhi Widdhi
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Currently, there is no specific treatment for all the COVID-19 patients the procedures that can be done are just a symptomatic and oxygen therapy, Therefore all the people around the world have try to avoid this infection by consuming the potensial plants that can boost our body immunity like Binahong.  This study was an in silico experimental. The finale result is the binding affinity score from each compound, for vitexin’s binding affinity score is – 8.0 kcal/mol, ursolic acid – 7.6 kcal/mol and flavonol – 7.8 kcal/mol. The finale result of this procedure also obtained all the amino acid residues that works on the active site of receptor 6LU7 as a main protase of COVID-19, namely THR24, LEU27, HIS41, THR45, SER46, MET49, PHE140, LEU141, ASN142, GLY143, SER144, CYS145, HIS163, MET165, GLU166 and HIS172. In conclusion, the binding affinity of vitexin, ursolic acid and flavonol are higher than remdesivir. Vitexin, ursolic acid and flavonol have a several similar bonds, particularly the van der waals bond and hydrogen bond.Keywords: Molecular docking, COVID-19, binahong, flavonoid Abstrak: Saat ini belum tersedia rekomendasi tatalaksana khusus bagi pasien COVID-19, termasuk antivirus atau vaksin dan tata laksana yang dapat dilakukan adalah terapi simtomatik dan karena itulah, masyarakat dunia mencoba banyak cara agar menghindari infeksi virus ini dengan mengolah dan mengonsumsi tumbuhan yang dinilai berpotensi dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh seperti tumbuhan Binahong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian in silico. Pada hasil akhir penelitian diperoleh nilai binding affinity dari ketiga senyawa yaitu senyawa vitexin - 8.0 kcal/mol, Ursolic Acid -7.6 kcal/mol dan Flavonol -7.8 kcal/mol. Diperoleh data mengenai residu asam amino yang bekerja pada sisi aktif reseptor 6LU7 sebagai main protase COVID-19 yaitu THR24, LEU27, HIS41, THR45, SER46, MET49, PHE140, LEU141, ASN142, GLY143, SER144, CYS145, HIS163, MET165, GLU166, dan HIS172. Sebagai simpulan, binding affinity dari senyawa vitexin, ursolic acid dari flavonol lebih tinggi dari nilai binding affinity remdesivir. Senyawa vitexin, ursolic acid dan flavonol memiliki beberapa jenis ikatan yang sama termasuk ikatan van der Waals dan ikatan hydrogen.Kata Kunci: Molecular docking, COVID-19, binahong, flavonoid
Kandungan Antioksidan Pada Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) dan Potensi Sebagai Penurun Kadar Kolesterol Darah
Authors: Tjong Angelyn , Assa Youla A. , Purwanto Diana S.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: One of the biggest risk factors for cardiovascular disease is hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol is an important fat, however if it is excessive in the blood it can cause various diseases, one of which is cardiovascular disease. One of the traditional medicines used to reduce blood cholesterol levels is Moringa Oleifera leaves, which contain flavonoids and play an important role in lowering blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant content of Moringa Oleifera leaves, the benefits of lowering blood cholesterol levels, and the dosage of administration. This study was conducted by using three databases, namely PubMed, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar to find articles which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then the assessment was carried out. There was a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels when given Moringa leaves, as well as the dose given. In conclusion, antioxidants in Moringa leaves can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood.Keywords: antioxidants, moringa leaves, cholesterol, cardiovascular  Abstrak: Salah satu faktor risiko terbesar penyakit kardiovaskular adalah hiperkolesterolemia. Kolesterol merupakan lemak yang penting, namun jika berlebihan dalam darah dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, salah satunya kardiovaskular. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah adalah daun kelor (Moringa Oleifera), yang mengandung flavonoid dan berperan penting dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kandungan antioksidan daun kelor, manfaat sebagai penurun kadar kolesterol darah, dan dosis pemberian. Pencarian artikel menggunakan tiga database yaitu PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar untuk menemukan artikel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, kemudian dilakukan penilaian. Terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol darah yang signifikan ketika diberikan daun kelor dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah, serta dosis yang diberikan. Sebagi simpulan, antioksidan pada daun kelor dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Kata Kunci: antioksidan, daun kelor, kolesterol, kardiovaskular
Resonant tunneling diode integrated with metalens for high-directivity terahertz waves
Authors: Endo Kota , Sekiya Masashi , Kim Jaeyoung , Sato Kento , Suzuki Takehito
Published: July 2021

Terahertz flat optics based on our originally developed low-reflection metasurface with a high refractive index can offer attractive two-dimensional optical components for the manipulation of terahertz waves. However, it remains to be shown whether a planar collimating metalens made with our original metasurface could be mounted on a resonant tunneling diode with a short distance. Here, we demonstrate that a collimating metalens with a distance of 1.0 mm from the RTD enhances the directivity to 3.0 times at 0.312 THz. The proposed metalens would be integrated with various terahertz continuous-wave sources for emerging industry such as 6 G (beyond 5 G) communications.
EKSPLORASI SULAM USUS LAMPUNG PADA EVENING DRESS
Authors: Pangestuti Annisa Dwiartha
Published: July 2021

Sulam usus Lampung merupakan salah satu warisan budaya berupa busana khas Lampung. Teknik pembuatannyapun memiliki teknik tersendiri dan memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama dalam penyelesaiannya. Pembuatan yang sulit membuat masyarakat lampung meninggalkan kerajinan ini sehingga di khawatikan eksistensi sulam Usus Lampung turun dan tidak diminati oleh generasi muda. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk melakukan eksplorasi sulam usus Lampung dalam bentuk membuat inovasi baru guna memperkenalkan dan memberikan daya tarik pada masyarakat. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Project Based Learning yang didalamnya berisi pemilihan tema, analisis, rancangan produk, pelaksanaan pembuatan dan evaluasi guna mendapatkan produk yang diinginkan.
EKSPLORASI BIOMORDAN PADA PEWARNA ALAMI DAN APLIKASINYA PADA MAINAN ANAK – ANAK
Authors: Gumulya Devanny
Published: July 2021

Pewarna sintetis mendominasi dalam pewarnaan tekstil memiliki limbah air dengan kandungan kimia yang berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan aman digunakan adalah pewarna alami. Pewarna alami dapat memberikan variasi warna yang beragam. Namun, pewarnaan alami saat ini dalam prosesnya terkadang masih menggunakan mordan logam yang tidak aman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa eksplorasi material antara lain menggunakan metode aqueous dalam ekstraksi warna dan metode pre, simultaneous, post untuk proses mordanting. Sedangkan media yang digunakan adalah kain serat alami. Serta Sebagai pengganti mordan logam, mordan alami (biomordan) yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa warna yang dihasilkan sangat beragam dan cenderung ke arah warna pastel. Perlakuan dengan mordan alami dapat membantu penyerapan warna yang lebih baik pada kain. Serta salah satu aplikasi produk yang dapat diterapkan adalah mainan bayi.Penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan mordan paling baik adalah pre mordanting dengan garam. Sedangkan jenis kain yang paling baik dalam penyerapan dan kerataan warna adalah rami. Dari sumber-sumber yang digunakan, kulit dan biji alpukat, kunyit, dan bunga telang yang paling baik dalam memberikan warna primer. Selain itu dikarenakan bahan-bahan yang digunakan natural, maka proses dan limbahnya pun juga aman.
1981-37 Distribución del ingreso en México: Tomo II
Authors: Díez-Canedo Juan , Vera y Ferrer Gabriel , Altimir Oscar , Bergsman Joel , Zazueta César , Rizzo Sócrates , Maldonado Víctor , Reyes Heroles Jesús , Cervantes Jesús , Gómez Octavio , Arnaud Enrique , Gibson William , Lusting Nora , Taylor Lance
Published: July 2021

Distribución del ingreso en México: Ensayos tomo II
The Logical Timestamp Skew Anomaly in Event-Replicated Transaction Schedulers
Authors: Koutanov Emil
Published: July 2021

To sidestep reasoning about the complex effects of concurrent execution, many system designers have conveniently embraced strict serializability on the strength of its claims, support from commercial and open-source database communities and ubiquitous levels of industry adoption. Crucially, distributed components are built on this model; multiple schedulers are composed in an event-driven architecture to form larger, ostensibly correct systems. This paper examines the oft-misconstrued position of strict serializability as a composable correctness criterion in the design of such systems. An anomaly is presented wherein a strict serializable scheduler in one system produces a history that cannot be serially applied to even a weak prefix-consistent replica in logical timestamp order. Several solutions are presented under varying isolation properties, including novel isolation properties contributed by this paper. We also distinguish between concurrent schedulers based on their propensity to produce deterministic histories. It is further shown that every nondeterministic scheduler is anomaly-prone, every nonconcurrent scheduler is anomaly-free, and that at least one deterministic concurrent scheduler is anomaly-free.
SMART WARNING SYSTEM USING EDGE COMPUTING
Authors: R Devi
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the occurrence of road accidents increases drastically. There are many factors influencing the road accidents. Nowadays usage of mobile phones while driving is common but it leads to the distraction in driving and subsequently causes accidents. Though jurisdictions are made that usage of electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops while driving are illegal, no one is aware of that. The drivers who use mobile gadgets while driving not only risk their lives but also the people around them. Most of the road users are well aware of the general rules and safety measures. However due to human errors, accidents occur. To overcome from the human errors this paper focuses on developing a security alert system for drivers using edge computing paradigm.
Parents’ view on distance learning during lockdown. A national survey
Authors: Pastori Giulia , Pagani Valentina , Mangiatordi Andrea , Pepe Alessandro
Published: July 2021

During the COVID-19 emergency, between March and May 2020, Italy was in an almost complete lockdown situation and millions of Italian children of all ages, overnight, stopped going to school and started receiving telematic communications from teachers or educators. Lockdown and distance learning had a significant impact on the overall well-being of parents and students and this study represents a contribution to deepen the understanding of parents’ perceptions and observations on it. The study was an exploratory cross-sectional quantitative research project and the data was gathered through a structured computer-assisted web survey, administered right after the total lockdown, between May 19th and June 2nd, reaching out to 6.905 parents of 9.802 primary and secondary school children (5-18 year old children). The data gathered offered a clear picture of the conditions in which distance learning occurred during the months of lockdown and reliably detected an overall stressful situation for many families and many children and adolescents. Results highlight the weaknesses of distance learning, lacking crucial functions that constitutively distinguishes an “in-person” school, of socio-cultural protection, parental support, and social arena.
Despite the Virus. A Survey with Parents on Early Childhood Education Services and Families, in Covid-19
Authors: Gigli Alessandra , Trentini Marco
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a survey that involved a sample of 178 parents of children attending the infant-toddler centers and preschools of the Municipalities of Bassa Romagna, in the Province of Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), between December 2020 and January 2021. The survey had the following aims: to deepen the knowledge of parents’ opinions on various aspects of the impact of the pandemic on daily life and parental functions; to monitor any difficulties their children may have; to understand how much the actions taken, to adapt school attendance in the pandemic period, have met with family satisfaction and have positively pursued the educational alliance. Another objective of the research was to involve the professionals of these educational services in reflecting on the results (already returned with a research report and a training seminar) and to organize opportunities for reflection with the same parents who participated in the survey.
Falsi miti genitoriali e cattive eredità dis-educative
Authors: Romeo Francesco Paolo
Published: July 2021

The educational styles, adopted in the family during childhood, impart a tendency to the development of the personality structure of children. The construction of their socio-relational dimension is invalidated even when the parenting couple is unable to disambiguate the “conflicts of reality” by alleviating the polarized tension between love and hate, identity, and belonging, collaboration and competition, legitimacy and illegitimacy, hence mitigating the rigidity of their way of perceiving and relating to others, in different social contexts. It is therefore possible to convey in the family misleading narratives the sense of reality, in a certain sense “mythological”, as those of the ‘Ndranghetist fathers, who push their children to gather in the criminal “paranze” (Saviano, 2016), which become the negative heritage of future generations, forcing who listen to them to believe the world a hostile place. So, how, and in which educational agencies, is it possible to demystify them, without setting in motion in their children that “conflict of loyalty”, which seems to betray their father and themselves? The paper, through a useful criterion both for education and care operators, and for school ones, attempts to answer these questions.
DAD e LEAD. Nuove forme di partenariato tra sistema educativo-formativo e famiglie
Authors: Romanazzi Grazia
Published: July 2021

During the new coronavirus pandemic, each of us was called upon to contribute to limit the infection and protect everyone’s health. All of us paid a very high price, in economic, social and relationship terms. Many people paid with their life. In the educational field, “distance educational ties” and remote teaching have attempted to reduce the demage of social distancing on students, from nursery to secondary school. During the lockdown, teachers and pupils were affected by the lack and the inadequasy of the means, tools and materials available. Teachers have often been accused of demanding too much from scholars. Families, on the other side, faced a housing, emotional and relational proximity they were not accustomed to. This contribution aims to overcome mutual accusations and highlight the importance of new forms of partnership between school and families. Only the collaboration between social agents allows to overcome isolation and individualism and to facilitate a community able to educate to resilience, to the learning process and to grow up, rather than to a single result.
Implementation Of Clinical Pathway For Management Of Copd Exacerbation
Authors: Kosasih Alvin
Published: July 2021

Background: The effectiveness for reducing the length of stay and produce better outcomes has been applied with the use of the clinical pathway. In this study, we observe the implementation of clinical pathways (CP) and evaluate their effectiveness in the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) exacerbation in Goenawan Partowidigdo Pulmonary Hospital (RSPG) Cisarua Bogor. 
Method: This research is a quantitative study with an analytical survey method and cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out by studying documentation on 304 medical record files from early 2019 to July 2020 and clinical pathway forms.
Results: There were differences in clinical outcomes before and after the implementation of CP. The difference in the overall mean length of stay (LOS) using CP were 4 days while the who did not use CP were 6 days. For In-Hospital Mortality (IHM) there was 1 death in the CP group, and there were no deaths in non-CP groups. As for the Readmission Rate (RR), the results of the study showed that the most RR was in the CP group, which were 6 patients (54.5%) in 1st wards, 5 patients (62.5 %) in 2nd wards and 39 patients (70.9%) in 3rd wards. These RR results showed that CP of COPD exacerbation must be evaluated further. The average total hospital rate showed a significant difference between the two clinical methods.  The hospital rate variable had a very significant difference between the CP and non-CP methods, with a significant value of = 0.0001.
Conclusion: The application of CP can reduce the length of stay (LOS) and the average total hospital rate of patients who are hospitalized for COPD exacerbation.  This CP must be evaluated further to reduce the readmission.
ANÁLISE DA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS PROFESSORES DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR EM MEIO A PANDEMIA
Authors: Medeiros Jade Gomes Da Costa , Alovisi Caroline de Souza , Godoy Karla Gonçalves , Martins Daiana Rossi Lima Marques , Massad Raquel Dutra , Araújo Cíntia Regina De Carvalho França , Santos Fabiana Costa Dos , Ribeiro Lucas Rayan Gonçalves , Carvalho Paula Beatriz Teixeira De , Cantarela Thamyris Raquel Alvez , Albuquerque Saymon de , Branco Junior Arlindo Gonzaga , Silio Luis Felipe
Published: July 2021

Esse projeto se estabelece com o intuito de avaliar a qualidade da saúde psíquica de docentes de uma instituição do ensino superior no Norte do país, visto que já anterior à pandemia, a negligência ao cuidado com esses profissionais é presente, e atualmente diante do cenário instaurado da pandemia da COVID-19 esse quadro tem sido acentuado para muitos profissionais. Nesse contexto, percebeu-se no estudo que mais que três quartos dos entrevistados sentem que sua jornada de trabalho foi ampliada. Vale destacar ainda, que referente a busca por apoio psicológico em unanimidade, nenhum dos docentes vivenciou tal experiencia. Tendo em vista as diversas motivações para tal feito variaram desde relatarem falta de tempo a não sentirem necessidade do suporte. Por fim, através do estudo foi possível depreender que o cenário pandêmico associado as mudanças impostas, contribuíram para desafiar ainda mais o ambiente acadêmico associado aos docentes e suas nuances.
THE ROLE OF LIBRARY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LEARNING PROGRAM IN SDIT SALSABILA 2 KLASEMAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sekar Sari Alifia Intan , Khotimah Ihda A'yunil
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTLibraries have an important role in the field of education, for research purposes, preservation of information resources and recreation areas. Libraries also have a role in increasing the intelligence and empowerment of the nation, as a human person who always wants to advance and the development of institutions that are increasingly experiencing intense competition. This study seeks to see the role of the library in improving the quality of elementary schools at SDIT Salsabila 2 Klaseman, both with regard to student achievement and the progress of the institution. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, data collection is done by looking directly at the object of research (direct observation) interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that libraries have an important role in improving the quality of elementary schools such as the development of library facilities; there is a special room, a growing collection of books, modern service systems, air-conditioned room facilities, computers and LCD projectors are available and also supports children's achievements in winning several championships including in the PAI quiz competition and the MIPA OlympiadKeywords: Quality Improvement of Elementary Schools: The Role of Libraries
TRANSFORMATION OF STATE ISLAMIC HIGH SCHOOL (STAIN) INTO STATE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE (IAIN) IN IMPROVING ACADEMIC SERVICES (Student Perception Study of PGMI)
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Syukri Ahmad , Maisah Maisah
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the reasons for the transformation of STAIN into IAIN and pre-post-transformation academic services, as well as a study of PGMI students' perceptions of the transformation of the institution. The research background is IAIN Batusangkar and IAIN Bukittinggi in West Sumatra Province. This study uses a qualitative approach with analytical descriptive method. Determination of research subjects by snowball sampling, data analysis with data reduction techniques, data presentation, data verification and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that (1) STAIN Batusangkar and STAIN Bukittinggi perform transformations influenced by internal and external factors; (2) The historical aspects of the two institutions with well-known campuses in West Sumatra, namely UIN Imam Bonjol and Padang State University (UNP); (3) efforts to increase the reach of equity, distribution of quality, and competitiveness in the era of globalization; (4) improvement of academic services includes graduate competence, content, process, assessment, lecturers (educators), infrastructure, management, and education financing. Thus, it is concluded that the transformation of STAIN into IAIN in West Sumatra can improve academic services.Keywords: IAIN, Academic Services, STAIN, Transformation, PGMI Student Perception.
RESEARCH OF FACTORS FAVORING UNAUTHORIZED INITIATION OF ENERGY SATURATED MATERIALS
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Ukraintseva Tatyana V. , Mazur Andrei S. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Poberezhnaya Ulyana M. ,   St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Savenkov . Georgy G. ,   St. Petersburg State Technology Institute (Technical University),
Published: July 2021

The results of experimental studies on the initiation of compositions containing energy-saturated materials by high-current electron beams and electrodischarge plasma are presented. Experimental studies simulate the effects on energy-saturated materials of electromagnetic fields of natural and man-made origin. The threshold voltage of the electrical breakdown of the compositions during a high-voltage electric discharge was determined and the possibility of initiation of the compositions by high-current electron beams of nanosecond duration using a pulsed high-current electron accelerator GKVI-300 was studied. Four compositions were selected as objects of study: a composition based on potassium picrate, a composition containing ammonium perchlorate, a composition based on lead minium with zirconium and colloxylin additives, and ballistite composition SBK-3. It is shown in the work that the initiation of compositions by a high-current electron beam is potentially possible only for compositions with low ignition temperatures, ignition of compositions with high ignition temperatures is possible due to the introduction of a powdery nanoscale additive, particles of which have specific heat less than particles of an energy-saturated material, and ignition of ammonium perchlorate is possible only if the particles of the additive have lower thermal conductivity than the particles of perchlorate ammonium.
ERROR IN MEASURING THE MAGNETIC LIQUID MAGNETIZATION BY THE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, CAUSED BY THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE EFFECTIVE FIELD CONSTANT
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Zhernovoy Alexander I. , Yakimenko Ilya A. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)
Published: July 2021

The magnetic liquid magnetization is usually determined by measuring the magnetic field strength, which linearly depends on the effective field constant of the liquid and the demagnetization coefficient of the sample. The article proposes to measure the magnetic field strength, generated by the same magnetic liquid in the samples of different shapes, and to determine the magnetization relying on the difference in strength, generated by the samples of various shapes, taking advantage of the fact that the effective field constant does not depend on the shape of the sample
FEATURES AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Business Informatics and Economics, Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia, ULANOV E. A.
Published: July 2021

The scale of the tasks being solved has turned AI into a special area of modern science. AI is a branch of science that studies ways to train a computer, robotic technology, or analytical system to think intelligently. The article reveals the essence and concept of artificial intelligence. The main features, problems, trends and prospects of artificial intelligence development are analyzed.