bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NOISE MONITORING OF THE ROAD AND ROAD NETWORK OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Reshetchenko A.
Published: May 2020

The main source of noise pollution of cities is motor transport. This work substantiates the necessity of monitoring the noise of the road network and recommendations on organization of monitoring of noise. The author analyzed the legal framework of Ukraine on the organization of the monitoring revealed the absence of an approved at the legislative level plan or methodical recommendations on organization of monitoring of noise. Analysis of scientific publications, which described measurements of transport and noise identified the lack of organized and odnopoliy measurements and interpretation of results.
The author of the article analyzes the international experience in monitoring noise of the road network of cities. Have enough successful experience in the organization and conduct of monitoring in countries such as France and Rome. This method is introduced to stimulate motorists to switch to more ecological form of transport - electric cars.
Monitoring complex effects of motor noise must be implemented to prevent or reduce the effects of noise on human health and the environment. On the basis of the results listed in the unified database of the noise, hold the drawing up of noise maps for the territory of the settlement, on the basis of which it is possible to identify areas of acoustical discomfort and further development of organizational, technical and construction solutions for protection from noise.
On the basis of the results obtained in the single database about the noise, they produce maps of noise on the territory of the settlement, which can be used to identify areas of acoustical discomfort and further development of organizational, technical and construction solutions for noise protection.
The problem of creating noise maps to raise awareness of the population regarding the quality of the acoustic space develops further.
Keywords: noise, monitoring, motor transport, surveillance, highway
RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODELS IN HIERARCHICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Karpenko М. , Stelma О.
Published: May 2020

The article proposes a mathematical model of the hierarchical system of volume-dynamic resource allocation. The model describes resource consumption processes in multi-layered systems and allows us to view the management of such systems from a single perspective, to reflect the interrelationship of decisions formed at different levels of the hierarchy.
According to the proposed model, a production (or business) system is considered as a large dynamic resource allocation system that is characterized by the interaction of three components: processes, resources, and time (R, P, and T.). Each of these components is represented by many lower-level elements with a defined ratio of a partial order, which sets the structure of the corresponding systems. The article proposes the way of description and features of the system of resources, processes and time, rules of aggregation, and disaggregation taking into account the structure of R, P, and T systems.
On the basis of the described models, a description of the production system at the lower level in the form of a binary function π0 , as well as procedures for the formation of appropriate descriptions for arbitrary levels of the hierarchy in the form of a set of tetra relations πi. An algorithm for the formation of the solution π0 , as well as procedures for its transformation to the model of an arbitrary level, is proposed.
The use of formal methods to describe the procedures of resource allocation at different levels of the hierarchy allows building a single database, to develop a structured and compact system of requests for information in the formation of management decisions.
In such a system, data for processing queries are represented by a tuple of three elements Kin (levels of input aggregation by process and time resources), the basic solution πб, a set of elements R, P, T of the corresponding level, a tuple Kout (three levels of output aggregation).
Depending on the Kin and Kout, values, the system handles the πб base solution using either aggregation or dis-aggregation procedures, resulting in a final result.
Keywords: management, resources, processes, model, resource allocation, aggregation, disaggregation, math-ematical programming, optimization.
EVALUATION OF NATURAL DISASTER RESPONCE EFFECTIVENESS WITH FUZZY LOGIC METHODS
Authors: Novozhylova М. , Gudak R. , Chub О.
Published: May 2020

The model and method of efficiency estimation for disaster relief process under hydrological emergency of natural character on the basis of fuzzy logic have been offered.
It is determined that the implementation of a natural emergency can lead to disruption of the sustainable functioning of the city, region and country as a whole against the background of an constantly increasing human impact on the environment, climate change and other conditions. Natural hydrological emergencies, such as floods, levees, etc., are the most widespread in the world and affect a large number of people, especially the socially and economically disadvantaged part of urban population.
An analysis of previous research in this field has been carried out and it is determined that the problem under consideration cannot be fully formulated as a classical deterministic or probabilistic mathematical programming problem. This problem is characterized by significant uncertainty about the problem input variables. Two classes of such uncertainty are identified with the sources of origin - strategic and tactical.
The paper presents a formalized procedure for supporting managerial decision-making, which includes the steps of uncertainty consideration and parametric identification of a deterministic optimization model of resource support for the elimination of natural hydrological emergencies.
Linguistic variables were introduced to determine the parameters of an emergency, the parameters of the affected area, the characteristics of the technical arsenal of the territorial unit of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, as well as the life support system. The Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm was used to evaluate the effectiveness of disaster relief process. The software implementation of this model is executed in the open source information system Scilab, namely in SciFLT subsystem.
This model is the basis for further parametric identification and implementation of a deterministic model of resource support for disaster relief process that allows forming flexible management decisions.
Keywords: natural emergency, fuzzy logic, flood, resourcing
SIMULATION MODELING OF PARAMETERS OF FUNCTIONING OF RAILWAY PROJECTS
Authors: Dolia О. , Dolia К.
Published: May 2020

The speed of communication on any route, directly and indirectly through the function of redistribution of traffic volumes, causes an increase in the number of movements, traffic volumes, transport work, in the network of the appropriate type, at the same time the values of the medium system coefficient of passenger capacity use and the number of vehicles may vary both in the direction of the increase and vice versa. The results of the calculations of the basic parameters of the functioning of intercity passenger route systems for various values of the speed of communication on intercity railway routes established the appropriate mathematical model for determining the parameters of this passenger communication. The conducted analysis of simulation methods has determined the possibility of using for the determination of quantitative parameters for changing the basic indicators of the operation of the system of intercity passenger route methods of mathematical and computer simulation. The results of the work determined the basic indicators of the functioning of the system of intercity passenger route transportation. These indicators include: the number of movements in the network; volume of transportation; transfer ratio; transport work; average distance of the route; average distance of the network ride; medium coefficient of passenger capacity use; required number of buses / cars. According to the analysis of the methods and models of calculations of the basic indicators of the functioning of the system of intercity passenger traffic, it was assumed that the change in the quantitative characteristics of the parameters entering into the system or the quantitative characteristics of its elements may lead to a change in the quantitative indicators of the functioning of the system itself or its individual elements.
Keywords: transport system, intercity passenger transport route, basic parameters of transportation, efficien-cy, model.
DETERMINATION OF LAWS OF CHANGE OF PARAMETERS OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Dolia О. , Dolia К.
Published: May 2020

It is proved that when changing the parameters of the distribution of passenger traffic between automobile and railway routenet works, the quantitative mean values ofthe average-length of the route and mediumnet work range of the ride change by less than 0,01%, and the transfer ratioremainsun changed. It is determined that changing the speed of the ride is such a factor that does not affect the quantitative values of the number of movements in the network, the transfer ratio, the average distance of the trip. At the same time, the existence of a polynomial dependence of the average coefficient of passenger capacityuse and the number of buses on the speed of route/network rides has been proved. The functions of redistribution of volumes of transportation in relation to any route of different types of transport, with a constant total number of movements, causes an increase in the number of transported passengers, the transport operation of the route network, the average coefficient of passenger capacity, the number of vehicles.
The paper examined issues of studying the basis of intercity passenger transport routes. It is established that the system of intercity passenger route transportation is not isolated. This causes the influence of the environment on the quantitative indicators of the parameters of the functioning of these systems, which is due to the possibility of quantitative changes in the parameters entering the system. It was determined that the current state of scientific approaches does not fully take into account the interrelation of elements of the intercity passenger route system when calculating the basic parameters of the functioning of this system. It is proved that the issues of further development of scientific approaches regarding the features of accounting for the mutual influence of the quantitative characteristics of the elements of the system of intercity passenger route traffic is relevant and subject to study.
Keywords: transport system, intercity passenger transport route, basic parameters of transportation, efficiency, model.
INCREASING OF THE RELIABILITY CITY'S WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM THROUGH ZONING
Authors: Matyash О. , Novokhatniy V.
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the topical issue of assessing the reliability of water supply in Kremenchuk, Poltava region, in the zoning of the water supply system. The scheme of the integrated water supply system of Kremenchuk was built to calculate reliability, which reflects the movement of water from the source to the consumers and the main structures of the water supply system. The work of the water supply system of Kremenchuk and its structure is analyzed. In terms of reliability, it is concluded that water pipes are the least reliable element. The statistics on the failures of the water supply systems of the city of Kremenchuk are analyzed. The calculations showed that the actual failure rate for steel pipes d = 1100 mm of water pipes in Kremenchug is 2 failures per 10 km of steel pipe per year, which is 2 times higher than foreign and domestic data. The reliability assessment of both the integrated and district water supply system of Kremenchuk was performed on the failure of water supply systems for both separately connected individual elements. Comparative analysis of reliability of the integrated and district water supply system of Kremenchuk without fail has shown that the zoning significantly increases the reliability of water supply in the Kryukivsky district, and the reliability of water supply of the Avtozavodsky district remains unchanged. In the integrated system in the Kryukiv district, the parameter of the flow of failures was 1/year, that is, about 3 times a year a break in water supply is possible. In the district system, both systems operate independently, which is why everything remains unchanged in the Avtozavodsky district, and the failure flow parameter for the Kryukivsky district is significantly reduced and is: 1/year, which corresponds to a water supply interruption of about once every 2.5 years. Thus, zoning can increase the reliability of water supply in the Kryukovsky district of Kremenchuk approximately 8 times.
Keywords: the water supply system, reliability, dependability, zoning.
HEAT MODES OF THE HEATING NETWORK IN WARMING BUILDINGS
Authors: Aleksahin A. , Boblovskey A. , Zhariy К. , Sidorenko J. , Skorik М.
Published: May 2020

The results of calculations of heat losses by network pipelines for heating of idealized groups of buildings during insulation of structures are presented in the work. Formulas for estimation of heat loss reduction by heat conduits are proposed depending on the efficiency of energy saving measures for construction and the law of change of network water costs along the length of the heat conduit, which is determined by the network configuration. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the influence of the hydraulic characteristics of the branches of the heating network on the magnitude of heat losses during transportation of the coolant by pipelines of the distribution network to buildings. Idealized groups of buildings with the same number of objects and the same maximum heat consumption for heating of a separate building are considered. For district heating systems, the efficiency of implementing energy-saving measures for buildings is determined not only by the reduction of heating costs, but also by the change in operating costs for the microdistrict heating network, which is caused by the reduction of heat carrier costs and heat losses by heating system pipelines. The magnitude of the heat loss depends on the method of laying the networks, the parameters of the pipeline insulation, the temperature of the coolant, and the environment. In the case of selective insulation of the buildings of the selected group of buildings, the location of the insulated building is significantly influenced by the amount of heat losses by the pipelines. In case of centralized heat supply, a fragment of the construction load decrease due to the insulation of buildings and the reduction of the network water temperature in the space heating devices causes the reduction of heat losses by the pipelines of the distribution thermal networks. The magnitude of the reduction of heat losses by heat pipelines is determined by the degree of efficiency of insulation of buildings, the nature of changes in the cost of the coolant along the length of the branch of the thermal network and practically does not depend on the magnitude of the heating load of buildings.
Keywords: centralized heat supply, centralized heating systems, energy saving, heat transfer resistance, enclosing structures, coefficient of efficiency of building insulation, distribution thermal networks, heat loss by pipelines.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF STANDARDS ON LED TECHNIQUE AND LIGHTING WITH ITS USE
Authors: Shpak S. , Martirosova V. , Sakhno T. , Kozhushko G.
Published: May 2020

One of the main tasks of high-quality lighting is to provide comfortable visual work and adequate perception of illuminated objects by obtaining light with a wide range of correlated color temperatures with high color rendering quality. The paper analyzes the shortcomings of national regulatory documents on establishing tolerances for the color of lamps and fixtures using LEDs and evaluating their quality in color reproduction. Instead of using Mac Adam ellipses on the SIE 1931 (x, y) color chart for establishing the color requirements it is recommended to use circles on the 1976 SIE (u ', v'), and evaluate the color rendering quality using the CRI method, additionally apply the CQS and TM 30-18 methods. Due to the fact that the spatial color of LED luminaires can be inhomogeneous, it is recommended to indicate both the average color and color in a certain direction, as well as an indicator of the color heterogeneity. The necessity of developing standards for protection against unwanted non-visual biological effects, as well as other negative effects of artificial light, in particular, excessive brightness, pulsation of the light flux, photobiological hazards, etc., is substantiated. Considering the importance of the influence of light pulsation on the quality of lighting, before the development of CIE or IEC standards, it is recommended that national standards for LED lamps and luminaires include the requirements for description of pulsation parameters and measurement methods in accordance with the recommendations of IEEE 1789-2015 standard, which is the most advanced today. For the design of ergonomic lighting, it is proposed to provide information on lamps and luminaires related to their maximum brightness. When developing new criteria for lighting, taking into account the visual impact, it is already possible to use the knowledge accumulated by this time, in particular, for creation of biologically active and biologically dimmed light by changing the spectral composition of radiation and illumination. Proposals related to the limits of the correlated colour temperature, brightness, level of pulsation for lighting of children and educational institutions, residential premises and the like are also considered. Recommendations on the development of new national standards of Ukraine harmonized with international ones are also provided.
Keywords: сolor rendering index, percent flicker, correlated colour temperature, illumination, photobiological safety
RADIATION RESISTANT BINDING MATERIALS BASED ON SILICATE ALUMOBARIUM CEMENTS
Authors: Tsapko N.
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the possibility of developing custom binders with a set of set properties. Particular attention is paid to the development of radiation-resistant barium-containing cements based on aluminates and barium silicates. In order to normalize the radiation situation in Ukraine, it is urgent to develop structural materials with specified high protective properties against the effects of radiation, a high degree of biological protection in combination with high strength and fire resistance. The main components of the technological parameters of synthesis of the presented cements are determined. Test results of physical and mechanical properties of refractory radiation resistant cements are presented and general recommendations on the scope of the developed binder materials are given. It is determined that the resulting refractory cement can be used as a bond in the manufacture of special concretes and materials that have high protective properties while exposed to high temperatures and radiation.
Thermal stability of concrete based on silicate alumobarium cement with different fillers was determined (cooling of the samples was carried out in air). As a result of the tests, it was found that all concrete specimens withstood more than 20 cycles (1000 ° C - air), while maintaining more than 80 % of the initial strength. These results confirm the known pattern: the higher the material density, the greater the material's ability to absorb radiation. Thus, the obtained data allow us to conclude that concrete based on silicate alumobarium cement have high absorption rates of brake radiation, which is more than 1.5 times higher than currently used concrete based on Portland cement. Therefore, it can be concluded that the concretes obtained are radiation resistant, with a high degree of attenuation of gamma rays and can be recommended as protective materials.
Keywords: cement, composition, synthesis parameters, radiation resistance, property, strength
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERICIDAL GLAZES FOR CERAMIC TILES
Authors: Savvova О. , Voronov G. , Fesenko О. , Afanasenko Y.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work is developing a methodological approach to obtaining of bactericidal glazes for ceramic tiles. In this paper were identified the factors that determine the necessity of the development and implementation of bactericidal ceramic materials to protect public places. The most common methods of increasing biological resistance to the materials are described, namely: impregnation or surface treatment of materials with bactericidal liquids, regulation of materials surface properties, or injection of a bactericidal agent. The effect of the nature and particle size of the agent on its bactericidal properties are described.
The main stages of the development of biocidal glass coatings (glazes), are identified, which include: the choice of a bactericidal agent and a glass matrix, a comprehensive assessment of the structure, physicochemical and service properties of the glaze and analysis of microbiological standards for evaluating the effectiveness of the inhibitory effect of glass coatings. It was established that existing methods for evaluating the bactericidal action should be adapted in accordance with existing sanitary standards for the operation of ceramic tiles. In this regard, to simulate the infection contamination of glass coatings, it is necessary: firstly, to use Escherichia coli as a test bioculture and to determine the range of permissible concentrations of colony forming units, and secondly, to use a qualitative diffusion method for migrating compounds and quantitative (aerosol and counting) methods for covalently linked bactericidal agents.
Taking into account the constantly increasing anthropogenic environmental contamination, the toxic effect of bactericidal agents on living organisms, the biological activity of metals in the human body and their effect on the properties of glazes, it was determined that the oxides Ca, Mg, Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni are optimal biocidal agents as well as some of their salts.
A methodological approach was developed that allows the development of prolonged-action bactericidal glazes for ceramic tiles under epidemiological threats.
Keywords: glaze, ceramic materials, bactericidal agents, pathogenic microorganism.
PRESS OPTIMIZATION BY ENERGY CRITERION OF PRODUCTION OF FUEL QUALITY BRIQUETTES
Authors: Polyansky О. , Dyakonov О. , Skrypnyk О. , Dyakonov V. , Buzina I.
Published: May 2020

The work optimized pressing according to the energy criterion in the production of fuel briquettes of high quality. It is shown that this is a complex task for the most part multi-criteria, which is difficult to reduce to single-criteria. A compromise problem has been solved taking into account many restrictions and requirements. The optimization of the pressing process should be carried out according to the criteria: minimum energy intensity and maximum density of granules to ensure low brittleness. In solving this optimization problem, the technological features of this process were used. A solution was found by reducing the two-criteria problem to a single-criterion according to the criterion of energy costs. It was found that such a task is usually complicated by the fuzzy nature of the acting factors, and classical optimization methods are often powerless. The more complex the system, the less likely it is to find a strictly optimal solution for it. The decision-making method was applied. It should be noted that the modern theory of decision making has a large toolkit in the form of a developed mathematical apparatus and modern computational algorithms. Heuristic techniques, including experience and intuition, human abilities for associations and much more that lie beyond mathematics, play a large, and sometimes decisive, role in this theory.
A model of the technological process with an effective sequence of technological operations and the parameters of the optimal component composition are shown. The main factors that have a significant impact on the creation of the structural composition of solid multicomponent fuel are reflected.
It is proved that pressing is one of the energy-intensive and makes it possible to preserve the homogeneity of the mixture during transportation, to limit the effect of moisture from the air on the components of the mixture.
Keywords: polyethylene waste, wood waste, fuel briquettes, biofuel, solid multicomponent composition, pressing.
INTRODUCTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY SELECTION METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE WATER DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES AS AN ELEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SETTLEMENTS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Teliurа N.
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main provisions of the concept of ensuring the ecological safety of settlements.
The requirements for the water disposal system as a component of safe water use in settlements are determined in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Scientifically based criteria formulated as components of sustainable development - ecological, social and economic-technological. The technologies of ecologically safe water disposal are theoretically justified and proposed. The sequence of the gradual conversion of the water disposal systems of a specific locality into an ecologically safe one was determined by selecting priority technologies for water disposal. A multi-criteria multi-level hierarchy of the choice of ecologically safe water disposal technologies has been developed, which has allowed the ecological sustainable functioning of a water body as an element of the environment. The program-analytical method for selecting priority technologies for ecologically safe water disposal, including the method of analyzing hierarchies to improve the quality of the results obtained in the formation of the decision-making process for the ecological safety management tasks of a particular settlement, was substantiated and tested.
For specific localities, the priority of technology implementation was determined, the correct pairwise comparison was made with the achievement of the given level of consistency (ІY≤0.1 %). Based on this, it was determined that a reasonable choice for the implementation of priority technologies for ecologically safe water disposal can improve the ecological safety of eutrophic water bodies – sources of drinking water supply and recreational use and rise up the living conditions of residents of the settlements.
Keywords: ecological safety, method for choosing environmentally sound wastewater technologies, settlement.
The Struggle to Unite Diaspora Alevis and the Working Class: Alevism in the Kavga/Kervan Magazine
Authors: Bilecen Tuncay
Published: May 2020

Kavga/Kervan is a magazine published by the London chapter of the Turkish Communist Party between 1991 and 1998. Rıza Yürükoğlu, the editor is credited as the main architect of the magazine’s intellectual structure. This article will use discourse analysis to examine the relationship between Alevism and socialism as postulated by the magazine and its editor. It aims to analyse the efforts of the magazine as a platform to unite Alevis and socialists in Turkish socialist history even if the magazine may not have had as much impact on the Alevi and socialist collectives in Turkey and abroad.
Abstract in Kurmanji
Têkoşîna gihandina Elewiyên dîasporayê û çîna karkeran: Elewîzm di kovara Kavga/Kervanê de
Kervan/Kavga kovareke e ku ji teref beşa Londonê ya Partiya Komunîst a Tirkiyeyê di navbera salên 1991 û 1998an de hatiye çapkirin. Rıza Yörükoğlu, edîtor, weke avakerê esasî ya pêkhateya entelektuel a kovarê hatiye nîşandan. Ev xebat, wê tehlîla vegotinê bi kar bîne bo nirxandina têkiliya di nav Elewîzm û sosyalîzmê de, weke ji teref kovar û edîtorê wê hatiye ferzkirin. Ev gotar armanc dike ku hewlên vê kovarê tehlîl bike, ya ku weke platformeke Elewî û sosyalîstên di dîroka sosyalîst a Tirkiyeyê de bigihîne hev, digel ku kovar xwedî vê tesîrê nebe jî li ser Elewî û kolektîfên sosyalîst ên li Tirkiyeyê û derve.
Abstract in Sorani
Xebat bo yekgirtnî 'elewîyekanî dayespora legell çînî krêkar: 'Elewîzm le govarî ‏kavga/karvan
Karvan/kavga govarêke le lenden lelayen lqî lendenî partî komonîstî turkî le nêwan ‏sallekanî ‏‏1991 we 1998 derdekra. Rıza Yürükoğlu sernuser krêdîtî endazyarî serekî ‏sitraktorî ‏roşnibîrî govarekey pêdedrêt. Em twêjîneweye ravey gutarî bekar dênêt bo ‏hellsengandinî ‏peywendî nêwan 'elewîzm û soşyalîzm bew şêweyey ke govareke û ‏sernuserekey daynawe. Em ‏wtare deyewêt ew hewllaney govareke wek sekoyek bo ‏yekgirtnî 'elewyekan û ‏soşyalîstekan le mêjuy soşalîstî turkî rave bkat tenanet eger ‏govarekeş hênde karîgerî ‏leser têkrray 'elewî û soşyalîstekan  le Turkya û derewe ‏nebûbêt.‏
Abstract in Zazaki
Lebata yewkerdişê elewîyanê dîyaspora û sinifa karkeran: kovara Kavga/Kervan de elewîyîye
Kervan/Kavga kovarêk a ke mabênê serranê 1991 û 1998î de hetê beşê Londra yê Partîya Komunîstan a Tirkîya ra weşanîyaye. Edîtorê ci, Riza Yurukoglu, sey mîmarê bingeyênî yê awanîya kovar a zîhnîye hesibîyeno. No cigêrayîş do pê analîzê dîskûrsî têkilîya mabênê elewîyîye û sosyalîzmî de ke hetê kovare û edîtorê ci ra ferz bena, aye tehlîl bikero. Hedefê na meqale yo ke lebata kovare ke a tarîxê sosyalîzmê Tirkîya de bibo platformê yewbîyayîşê elewîyan û sosyalîstan, aye analîz bikero - herçiqas ke elewî û sosyalîstanê zere û teberê Tirkîya ser o tesîrê kovare zaf çin bî zî.
Political Representation of Alevi Kurds in Turkey: Historical Trends and Main Transformations
Authors: Gunes Cengiz
Published: May 2020

This article explains the process of change in the political representation of Alevi Kurds in Turkey since the country held its first competitive election in 1950. It applies process tracing methodology to identify the dominant trends in Alevi Kurds’ political representation and highlights how the mode of their political participation evolved over time. The discussion presented here develops an explanation that connects the effects of key events and processes that shapes the outcome of this complex political phenomenon. The strong appeal among Alevi Kurds of the Turkish socialist movement and the political parties that are associated with the secular republican regime is discussed before the impact of the rise of Alevi and Kurdish movements on the Alevi Kurds’ political representation is assessed. The barriers Turkey’s restrictive political and legal order place on Alevi Kurds’ political representation are also highlighted.
ABSTRACT IN KURMANJI
Temsîliyeta siyasî ya kurdên Elewî li Tirkiyeyê: Meylên dîrokî û veguherînên esasî
Ev gotar proseya guherîna temsîliyeta siyasî ya kurdên Elewî li Tirkiyeyê, ya ji wexta hilbijartina ewil ya pêşbazîdar a 1950an heta îro, rave dike. Gotar, rêbaza şopandina prosesê tetbîq dike ku meylên serdest ên di temsîliyeta siyasî ya kurdên Elewî de rave bike û li ser disekine ka şêwaza beşdarî û temsîliyeta wan bi demê re çawa vediguhere. Nîqaşa ku li vir hatiye diyarkirin ravekirineke wusa dike ku tesîra bûyerên û proseyên girîng yên ku şikl didin encama vê fenomena sîyasî ya tevlîhev bi hev ve girê dide. Daxwaza xurt a di nav kurdên Elewî yên di nav tevgerên sosyalîst ên tirk û partiyên siyasî yên têkilî rejîma komarî ya sekuler de tê nîqaşkirin berî nirxandina tesîra bilindbûna tevgerên Elewî û kurd ên li ser temsîliyeta siyasî a kurdên Elewî de. Herwiha, bal hatiye kişandin ser astengiyên nîzama qanûnî û siyasî ya sînorker a Tirkiyeyê ya ku li ser temsîliyeta kurdên Elewî bi cih dike.
Editorial: Alevi Kurds: History, Politics and Identity
Authors: Cetin Umit , Jenkins Celia , AYDIN Suavi
Published: May 2020

This special issue brings together scholarship on Alevi Kurds by focusing on their ethnic, linguistic, religious, political, cultural and social specificity including a range of articles from the disciplines of anthropology, history, politics, linguistics and sociology. The first part focuses on Turkey, exploring the roots of Kurdish Alevism and how Alevi religious identities intersect with ethnic and national identity and political representations, and the second focuses on Alevi Kurds and their creation of a transnational religious identity and their mixed experience of settlement in the UK diaspora.
Book Reviews
Authors: Van Bruinessen Martin , Gunter Michael M. , Jongerden Joost , Leezenberg Michiel , Thangaraj Stanley
Published: May 2020

Michael M. Gunter (ed.), Routledge Handbook on the Kurds, London and New York: Routledge, 2019, 483 pp., (ISBN: 9781138646643). Reviewed by Martin van Bruinessen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Kardo Bokani, Social Communication and Kurdish Political Mobilisation in Turkey, Balti, Republic of Moldova: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2017, 252 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-330-33239-3) Reviewed by Michael M. Gunter, Tennessee Technological University, United States
Emel Elif Tugdar & Serhun Al, eds., Comparative Kurdish Politics in the Middle East: Actors, Ideas, and Interests, Cham: Palgrave-MacMillan, 2018, pp. 235, (ISBN: 978-3319537146) Reviewed by Joost Jongerden, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Christoph Markiewicz, The Crisis of Kingship in Late Medieval Islam: Persian Emigres and the Making of Ottoman Sovereignty, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019, 364 pp, (9781108684842). Reviewed by Michiel Leezenberg, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Thomas Schmidinger, The Battle for the Mountain of the Kurds: Self-Determination and Ethnic Cleansing in the Afrin Region of Rojava, Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2019, 192 pp. (ISBN: 978-1629636511). Reviewed by Stanley Thangaraj, City College of New York, United States
Politics and Identity in Alevi Kurds: An interview with Martin van Bruinessen
Authors: Cetin Umit , Jenkins Celia , AYDIN Suavi
Published: May 2020

This interview with Martin van Bruinessen records his personal and intellectual engagement with Alevis in Turkey and the Netherlands for over fifty years. Initially, his interest was in Anatolian Alevi culture and he began exploring the religious dimension of Alevism in the 1970s at a time when Alevis were more preoccupied with left-wing politics. He charts the emergence of Alevism studies since the 1980s and links it to the religious resurgence and reinvention of diverse ethno-religious Alevi identities associated with urbanised and diasporic communities. He further examines the relationship between Kurdish and Alevi movements and Alevism and Islam.
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) patients through culture and sensitivity in a tertiary level hospital in Khulna
Authors: Paul Mitun Kumar , Islam Baishakhi , Haq KM Reza Ul
Published: May 2020

Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a chronic disease associated with irreversible consequences and serious intracranial and extracranial complications. Thereby early & effective treatment must be needed to avoid such complications.

Objectives: This study was carried out to know antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria through culture and sensitivity for better management and to reduce resistance & morbidity due to CSOM.

Methods: After taking proper approval from hospital administration, this study was conducted on 82 patients of clinically diagnosed cases of both Tubo-tympanic & Attico-antral variety of CSOM attending ENT OPD of Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna from January 2018 to June 2018. After proper sample collection by sterile aural swabs, they were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory of Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna for bacterial culture, isolation and identification. Routine antibacterial susceptibility was done as per CLSI guidelines. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: The commonest pathogens isolated were Staphylococci, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. & others; mostly showing susceptibility to high end antibiotics like Ceftriaxone and Amoxiclav for staphylococcal infection & piperacillin-tazobactum for Pseudomonal infection.

Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern determines the prevalent bacterial organism causing CSOM to start empirical treatment for a successful outcome, and thus to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 1-6
Sexual and reproductive health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS and the social responses in association with stigma and discrimination
Authors: Mallick Subrata Kumar , Roy Tuhin
Published: May 2020

This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the sexual and reproductive health needs as well as to reveal the level and manifestation of stigma and discrimination associated with the daily lives of the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Khulna City Area in Bangladesh. The sample size was 20, which was selected purposively, and data were collected by the interviewers from August 2013 to December 2013. The findings of the study revealed that extra marital sexual relationships, partners’ infection and blood transmission played a dominant role as the medium of HIV infection. NGOs were the predominant source of getting health care facilities for the PLWHA and they had to wait for a month to receive STIs treatment and the counseling support, which increased their vulnerability towards AIDS. A number of respondents were eager to conceive and, in this case, treatment and counseling support before and after conception, proper nutrition support, prevention of mother to child transmission support and high cost medicine support were needed for them. The facts of stigma and discrimination, the restriction placed on their free movement, exclusion from social and religious functions, opportunities and participation on the social and economic processes had direct consequences on their daily lives. Therefore, IGA support, ensure quality treatment in the stigma free environment, and widespread awareness campaign regarding HIV/AIDS related issues were highly recommended by the PLWHA.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 7-16
Bacteriological spectrum of urinary, wound and respiratory infection with antibiogram of gram negative bacteria in a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rahman NM Wahidur , Tanzem Bushra , Nabi Golam , Mahbub Afsana , Al Amin Abu Md Mayeenuddin
Published: May 2020

Infection remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in man, particularly in developing areas where it is associated with poverty and overcrowding. Infectious disease cause nearly 25% of all human deaths. This rate of mortality is increasing day by day due to antibiotic resistance, which is a major concern nowadays. Wound, respiratory tract and urinary tract are commonly associated with bacterial infection in both hospital and community settings. Area-specific monitoring studies aimed to gain knowledge about the type of bacterial pathogens responsible for these kinds of infections and resistance pattern of the causative agents may help clinicians to choose correct treatment regimen. So, the present study was aimed to investigate the pattern of bacteria which are responsible for Urinary tract, respiratory tract and wound infection. In addition, we also determined the antibiotic susceptibility profile of gram negative bacteria isolated from the patients who were attending both in and out patient departments at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH) during January, 2009 to December, 2009. In this cross-sectional study, out of 308 clinical samples, a total of 159 (51.62%) samples were found to be positive for bacterial culture. Among the isolates 139 (87.42%) were Gram negative bacteria (Esch. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp.) and 20 (12.57%) were Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus). Antibiotic susceptibility of gram negative bacteria showed members of the Enterobacteriaceae were 100% sensitive to imipenem while they were found variably resistance to other commonly used antibiotics. We conclude that infections in the wound, respiratory and urinary tract are caused by both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. However, the frequency of gram negative bacteria is higher than the gram positive bacteria for these infections. Gram negative bacteria showed sensitive to imipenem and most of them were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, clinicians should choose imipenem for patients who would be unresponsive to commonly used antibiotics.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 17-24
Breast feeding practice among the rural women in selected villages of Dumuria upazilla, Khulna
Authors: Zahan Refat , Ferdaus Farhana , Rahman Md Abdur , Chowdhury Shahin , Zahan Effat , Islam Md Ehsanul , Mamun Md Shamsul Huda
Published: May 2020

The study attempted to describe the pattern of breast feeding practice among the rural women of Bangladesh with last child below 5 years of age living in the villages of Dumuria Upazilla. Due to small size of study group limited analysis were possible yet important variables such as the level of maternal education, age of starting complementary food, food used during weaning period, maternal knowledge of importance of colostrum and feeding of colostrum to the infant were considered. One of the important variables of the study was the level of the education of the respondents. As per the study, the majority (41.06%) of the respondents passed secondary level. Maximum 90.0% mothers gave breast milk, 4.4% gave honey, 4.4% gave others and minimum 1.2% gave mixed food just after delivery. Majority 46% started breast feeding after 4 hours, 44.8% had within 1 hour, 6.8% after 1st hours, 2.4% after 3 hours of delivery. Maximum 89.2% of the respondent fed exclusive breast feeding up to 1-2 months, 9.6% fed up to 3-4 months, and 1.2% fed up to 5-6 months. Maximum 48.4% fed breast milk for 3-4 months. Maximum 88.8% started complementary food within 6 months, 11.2% after 6 months.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 25-30
Food habit of the adolescents in relation with socio-demographic variables in a selected high school in Khulna City
Authors: Paroi Silvia , Islam ABM Ariful , Hasanat Md Abul , Zohora Fatema Tuj
Published: May 2020

Background: The actions, reactions, and thoughts of an individual are influenced by other people or groups. Factors influencing food choice are not only based upon individual preferences, but are constrained by circumstances that are social (such as peer pressure), cultural and economic.

Objectives:To find out the relation of adolescent’s food habit with their socio-demographical condition.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional type of descriptive study which was carried out among the students of Rev. Paul’s high school, Gallamari, Khulna city with a view to assess the relation of adolescent’s food habit with their socio-demographical condition. The sample size was 217 which were selected by systematic sampling method from adolescent (10 year-16 year) students of that school. Data was collected according to a partially structured questionnaire by face to face interview administered by interviewer. The frequency distributions of the entire variables were checked by using SPSS 16.0 windows program. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between food habits of adolescents with the socio-demographic variables.

Results: In this study it was found that only 21.7% of respondents have snacking (fast food/dairy food) behaviour at least three times per week. Among 217 of the respondents, 116 (53.5%) were girls and 107 (49.3%) were in between 13yr-14yr of age. There was no statistically significant positive relation in gender and age of respondents with eating habits. Among the respondents, 60 (27.6%) fell into upper income group, out of them 25 (41.7%) respondents likes to eat fast food/dairy food. Again 32(39.5%) out of total 81 (37.3%) respondents whose mothers worked outside of home liked to eat fast food/dairy food. The test revealed that there was statistically significant positive relation between economic condition and mother’s occupation of respondents with their eating habits. It was found that 120 (55.3%) had peer influence on their food choice. The study result statistically suggested that the more an adolescent is influenced by peers and friends, the more unhealthy will be the adolescent’s eating habits. In summary, it would appear that peer emerged as the single best predictor of eating habits among adolescents.

Conclusion: The findings of the result might be helpful for developing awareness among adolescents as well as parents and teachers regarding unhealthy behavior of adolescents to reduce the risk of unusual health outcome as well as to know about the associated factors which are related to unhealthy behavior, thus helpful to cut-off the factors from daily life style and become healthy citizen.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 38-43
Modulation of nociception by corticotrigeminal pathway- A narrative review
Authors: Ainan Sayema
Published: May 2020

Management of chronic pain is one of the most important reason to which medications are given. Traditional medicines which have been used to relieve pain are having a number of limitations. Therefore, novel therapies for pain treatment are essential. Our nervous system can process any kind of injurious stimuli, which is known as nociception. The mechanism of nociception involves a complex interaction of peripheral and central nervous system structures. Brain or cerebral cortex has its own controlling mechanism for pain perception. Trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and it receives pain sensation from oro- and craniofacial region and sends the information up to cortex. Recent investigations demonstrate another important role of cortical neurons in addition to pain perception, that is, corticotrigeminal (cortex to trigeminal) pathway excites neurons in the trigeminal nerve that leads to decrease in the pain response induced by noxious stimuli. Thus, as this mechanism can be induced at early stage of nociception, it may reduce the pain sensation. So, the corticotrigeminal pathway could be a new potential target for pain therapies. This short review revisits the concepts how stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex can be transmitted via corticotrigeminal tract which aim for the inhibitory neurons in spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) and thus potentially generate a feedforward inhibition, explaining the pain modulatory role of the corticotrigeminal pathway.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 51-57
Carcinoid of the uncinate process of the pancreas in a child: An unusual case
Authors: Chowdhury Ashish Kumar , Ahmed Jashim Uddin , Chowdhury Mowsumi , Sarker Satyam
Published: May 2020

Carcinoid of the pancreas is rare among children. We treated a debilitating child who complained about post-prandial pain with a mass in upper abdomen, vomiting and weakness for a period of six months. Abdominal examination revealed an immobile, mildly tender, solid mass in the right lumbar region. Ultrasonography of abdomen demonstrated a tumour of head of the pancreas and ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass suggested a malignant small round cell tumour. With Computed Tomogram an enhancing compact big mass was found at the head of the pancreas compressing the duodenum without invasion and metastasis. At exploratory laparotomy, we also detected a well-defined, rounded, big solid mass arising from uncinate process of the pancreas with no metastasis. After the excision of the mass along with a healthy portion of uncinate process, the patient recovered successfully. Histopathology evaluation showed a neoplasm composed of small nests and sheets of a dense cluster of malignant round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, sometimes forming acini with stromal invasion. Diagnosis was malignant carcinoid of the pancreas, T2 N0 M0. At follow-up of three and a half years, the patient was found symptom-free and there was no evidence of recurrence.

Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 58-62