bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'esilio degli intellettuali spagnoli e tedeschi in Messico: due esperienze a confronto
Authors: Faber Sebastiaan
Published: June 2021

- Between 1939 and 1946 Mexico City became one of the most important centers of attraction for European refugees. Many artists, writers, directors, philosophers and anti-fascist militants coming from Spain and Germany took refuge in the capital of Mexico. The author focuses on these two groups, highlighting common elements and main differences and taking the writer Max Aub and Egon Erwin Kish as an example. Using this as a case study, the essay develops a few methodological considerations on the opportunity to develop comparative studies on exile, overcoming the rigid classification and separation of single national cases.

Parole chiave:guerra civile spagnola, esilio, Messico, repubblicani, comunisti, comparazione, storia transnazionale Spanish Civil War, exile, Mexico, Republicans, Communists, comparison, transnational History
Per un profilo prosopografico dei sociologi di lingua tedesca in esilio
Authors: Fleck Christian
Published: June 2021

- Sociologists have an eminent role among social scientists which were forced to migrate to the United States after 1933. The objective of defining their prosopographic profile pushed the author to identify the main features that determine the identity of this figure, which did not have a precise profile in Europe in the 1920's and 1930's. Crossing various sources, the article first delineates the basic identikit of the German speaking sociologist and then compares a few specific categories: scholars who migrated, those who remained in their native country, and those of German or Austrian origin. The second part of the essay is totally devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the scientific production of this group of sociologists on American culture.

Parole chiave: sociologia, esilio, universitŕ, prosopografia, carriere, impatto scientifico sociology, exile, universities, prosopography, careers, scientific impact
La Scuola di Francoforte in esilio: storia di un'inchiesta sull'antisemitismo nella classe operaia americana
Authors: Collomp Catherine
Published: June 2021

- Between July and December 1944 the Institute for social research of Columbia University made known the results of a survey on anti-Semitism in the American working class carried out by the Jewish Labor Committee of New York. The results of the research confirmed the rooting of a few stereotypes and prejudices on Jews in some specific segments of the American working world: more widespread among "blue collars" rather than "white collars" and among the white population rather than the black. This form of anti-Semitism involved, paradoxically, also the workers of factories producing weapons to fight against the Third Reich. A form of anti-Semitism which did not stop with the end of World War II but turned, using the same mechanisms analyzed by migrant German sociologists, into a discrimination against communist militants.

Parole chiave: Scuola di Francoforte, esilio, classe operaia, antisemitismo, razzismo, comunismo School of Frankfurt, exile, anti-Semitism, working class, racism, communism
La storia culturale del politico: stato dell'arte, risultati e proposte
Authors: Brice Catherine
Published: June 2021

This article intends to summarize what has been studied as the Cultural History of Politics. Neither Culture or Politics are easy terms to define and this leads to extremely different approaches Between Reinhart Koselleck, Quentin Skinner and Alain Corbin, the differences are probably stronger that the similarities. By defining precisely what we call culture and what we call politics, or at least choosing a definition, the Author calls for more diversified tracks to follow, with a special attention to the inform always of acting politically.
Eccezionalismo, identitŕ nazionale e interdipendenza : nuove sintesi italiane sulla storia degli Stati Uniti d'America
Authors: Fiorentino Daniele
Published: June 2021

- The essay examines some central concepts of U.S. history and culture through the analysis of three volumes published in Italy in 2008. The author uses the concept of American Exceptionalism in order to provide a closer reading of the books and a better understanding of the image of the United States offered today, as well as the place of U.S. history in Italy. Cultural Pluralism is an important framework in the historical and historiographical narratives. Touching upon other central ideals of American identity such as Manifest Destiny, the Frontier, and Internationalism, this essay deals with the issue of Imperialism and the reactions against it in the 19th and 20th centuries. Through the question of immigration, reference is made to multiculturalism and the processes that led toward a progressive integration of different minorities on the basis of models proposed by the dominant society. The essay thus recapitulates some of the most widespread stereotypes concerning ethnic groups and the construction of a new model of Cultural Pluralism.

Key words: U.S. history, exceptionalism, American imperialism, immigration, cultural pluralism, Melting Pot

Parole chiave: storia degli Stati Uniti, eccezionalismo, imperialismo americano, immigrazione, pluralismo culturale, melting pot
America post-razziale? Percorsi di analisi su razza ed etnicitŕ negli Stati Uniti
Authors: Venturini Nadia
Published: June 2021

Some interpretations of the meanings of race and ethnicity in contemporary Unites States. Since the new century the United States has witnessed a popular debate on the concept of "post-racial America". This debate has attracted scholarly attention, and has been greatly enhanced by the election as President of Barack H. Obama, a bi-racial person who also happens to be the son of an immigrant student from Africa. The article presents a synthetic review of some of the books and articles on the subject itself, as well as historical interpretations of the multiracial history of the U.S.
Psicologia di Cure Primarie. Un contributo alla salute di comunitŕ attraverso nuove vie della pratica psicologica nel SSN
Authors: Cuniberti Paola , Liuzzi Michele
Published: June 2021

L'obiettivo dell'articolo č di presentare nuovi possibili sviluppi della pratica psicologica nel SSN nell'ambito delle Cure Primarie (CP). La finalitŕ della Psicologia di Cure Primarie (PCP) č quella di contribuire alla promozione del benessere psicologico nella comunitŕ, attraverso la costruzione di una rete di collaborazione con la Medicina Generale e con i servizi del territorio. In ambito clinico, il compito della PCP č quello di fornire un primo livello di cure psicologiche, accessibile, efficace, cost-effective, ed integrato con gli altri servizi sanitari, nella prospettiva di un'organizzazione di assistenza psicologica a livelli crescenti di intervento (stepped care), mutuata dall'esperienza inglese, per rispondere alla domanda di cura dei cosiddetti Disturbi Mentali Comuni, che non richiedono interventi integrati con i servizi specialistici, ma che, se non trattati, comportano conseguenze sul piano dei costi sociali, oltreché individuali.
La rappresentazione sociale del rischio: un'analisi quali-quantitativa delle sue dimensioni e della sua struttura
Authors: Velasco Veronica , Vecchio Luca
Published: June 2021

L'articolo presenta due studi volti ad indagare la rappresentazione sociale del rischio fra i giovani adulti. Nel primo studio, di tipo qualitativo, sono stati realizzati 3 focus group che hanno coinvolto 20 giovani adulti (etŕ media = 22; DS = 2.57). Ai partecipanti č stato chiesto di: i) realizzare un collage che raffigurasse il concetto di rischio; ii) proporre una classificazione delle diverse tipologie di rischio. Il secondo studio, cui hanno partecipato 200 giovani adulti (etŕ media = 21.65; DS = 2.59), si č basato sulla sollecitazione di associazioni libere in risposta alla parola stimolo "rischio". Le associazioni sono state analizzate tramite il programma EVOC. Dall'esame dei risultati dei due studi si č potuto osservare come la rappresentazione sociale del rischio sia caratterizzata dalla contemporanea presenza di una dimensione valutativa negativa, per la quale il rischio č associato all'idea di pericolo, accanto a una sua valutazione positiva, per cui il rischio appare essenziale per la crescita personale oltre ad essere associato al divertimento e alla vitalitŕ. Inoltre č emersa una certa problematicitŕ rispetto al controllo del rischio, la quale porta le persone ad un senso di frustrazione, negazione e fatalismo. Infine, tale rappresentazione č risultata articolarsi differentemente in base all'appartenenza di genere dei partecipanti.
Verso un modello sistemico del trauma nella relazione di coppia
Authors: Loriedo Camillo , Solaroli Silvia , Bilardi Giorgia
Published: June 2021

L'attenzione riservata al trauma e alle loro vittime negli ultimi 25 anni č stata prevalentemente rivolta all'individuo che ne č stato vittima, secondo la Teoria dello Stress Traumatico Primario. Gradualmente, l'osservazione degli effetti diretti e indiretti degli eventi traumatici ha condotto alcuni studiosi a considerare con interesse alcuni aspetti sistemici del trauma, elaborando quella che Figley ha definito Teoria dello Stress Traumatico Secondario. Tuttavia, l'acquisizione di una vera e propria ipotesi sistemica del trauma č un evento del tutto recente, cosě come la scoperta che le sue conseguenze vengono amplificate all'interno della coppia e della famiglia. Analogamente, la coppia e la famiglia offrono una possibilitŕ di approccio al Disturbo Post Traumatico da Stress che viene attualmente riconosciuta come particolarmente indicata ed efficace per la risoluzione delle problematiche legate al trauma e alle sue conseguenze individuali e relazionali.
Abuso, presunto abuso e veritŕ familiari
Authors: Bramini Maria
Published: June 2021

In questo articolo si intendono analizzare alcune peculiaritŕ di un caso clinico di presunto abuso sessuale e maltrattamento a danno di minori seguito presso le strutture del servizio pubblico. Nel momento in cui il sistema famiglia incontra il sistema dei servizi all'intreccio fra comportamenti, relazioni e costruzione della realtŕ presenti nella famiglia in cui si presume sia avvenuto l'abuso si aggiunge quello del servizio deputato alla sua valutazione. L'intensitŕ delle motivazioni familiari e quelle della responsabilitŕ degli operatori creano spesso contesti significativi per cambiamenti anche se sempre esposti al rischio di collusioni o deaffetizzazioni. In questo articolo ci dilungheremo su un caso clinico per mostrare come si costruiscano le realtŕ, attraverso l'intreccio dei punti di vista dei familiari e degli operatori dei servizi e quanto intorno a queste "veritŕ" si possano dipanare momenti di cambiamento.
La psicologia della liberazione: rilettura dei costrutti e ambiti di applicazione in Italia
Authors: Marzana Daniela , Marta Elena
Published: June 2021

Il contributo illustra lo sviluppo storico e i fondamenti teorico-metodologici della psicologia della liberazione, focalizzando l'attenzione in particolare sui concetti di legame, relazione e partecipazione. Dopo aver evidenziato le connessioni con la psicologia di comunitŕ, vengono illustrate le possibili applicazioni e gli specifici ambiti di intervento di questo approccio nei contesti occidentali. L'esito della delucidazione sui capisaldi teorico-metodologici e operativi della psicologia della liberazione č la chiara distinzione tra quest'ultimo costrutto e quelli affini di empowerment e resilienza. Nel contributo viene anche presa esame la forte componente etica e valoriale della psicologia della liberazione.
Le attivitŕ trattamentali per un sistema di servizi territorialmente efficace
Authors: Ramaci Tiziana , Santisi Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

Tra i valori fondanti del nostro paese c'č al primo posto il lavoro. Sancito dalla Costituzione, tale valore č un diritto e un dovere di ogni cittadino, anche per coloro che sono sottoposti a misure restrittive della libertŕ personale. Al fine di favorire opportunitŕ di lavoro per detenuti e di promuovere interventi per il miglioramento dei servizi per l'inclusione sociolavorativa, č necessario pensare a strategie integrate d'intervento con il territorio tali da poter migliorare l'efficienza e l'efficacia dei servizi rivolti a fasce sociali svantaggiate. Attraverso questa intesa si vengono a creare le premesse perché i detenuti possano effettivamente essere recuperati. Ed č in questo scenario che s'inserisce la ricerca di seguito presentata, che ha visto coinvolti 190 "cittadini liberi", il cui obiettivo č stato principalmente quello, attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario chiuso, di esplorare la percezione che il territorio, anch'esso destinatario della rete locale di servizi che l'istituto penitenziario intrattiene, appunto, ha circa l'importanza delle attivitŕ trattamentali, ai fini del reinserimento sociale delle persone marginalizzate. Un intervento mirato alla modifica del comportamento umano non puň prescindere dalla considerazione preventiva delle variabili interne, soggettive, dell'utenza; solo un'attenta valutazione delle stesse permette di approntare gli strumenti adatti per "gestire" e, ove possibile, modificare lo stereotipo nei confronti delle persone recluse e della possibilitŕ di utilizzare le attivitŕ di questo genere come mezzo atto a favorirne l'inclusione e il reinserimento sociale (Garling et al., 2003).
Reliability Analysis Approach for Intersection Sight Distance of a Symmetrical Single-Lane Roundabout
Authors: Sarshar Paria
Published: June 2021

The current intersection sight distance values on a roundabout provided by ASSHTO and other worldwide guidelines are based on deterministic methods considering only single variables as the design inputs. However, most of the input design variables such as entering speed and the deceleration rate are random variables which are stochastic in nature. Therefore, this study proposes a reliability analysis approach to add uncertainty to the current deterministic models. Two different reliability approaches; the first order second moment and advanced first order second moment are presented in this paper.
These approaches rely on the normal distribution of the random variables using the mean, variance and the covariance of the probability distribution of each variable rather than the single deterministic values. Results show that the AFOSM reliability methodology provides a more conservative outcome which ensures a greater safety margin comparing to FOSM which appears to be a more efficient and robust methodology.
A forgotten social group: a Chinese photographic album
Authors: Huang Yanru
Published: June 2021

This applied thesis project focuses on a Chinese photographic album Work. The Manufacturing Industry in Dongguan: Real-life Stories of Migrant Workers housed at the Archive of Modern Conflict in Toronto. It is a handmade photographic album by Chinese photographer Zhan Youbing, consisting of 55 objects including 50 digital color prints (D2T2 prints) featuring the life of Chinese migrant workers in Dongguan, the biggest labor market in Southern China. This thesis comprises four components: a literature review introducing the unique status of migrant workers within the historical context of China’s urbanization and the preservation and conservation of photographic albums, an overview of the album, a complete illustrated catalogue of the 55 objects as well as a detailed instruction of the preservation of the album.
Evaluation of sustainability assessment tools for road construction projects applied on an asphalt road rehabilitation project in Germany
Authors: Ziller Bettina
Published: June 2021

The increasing awareness of the need for sustainable development in road construction and the growing number of different assessment tools worldwide has led to a general demand for a tool specific to the German market with its current environment and regulations.
This thesis briefly reviews the overall development of the sustainability concept and then applies different tools for the evaluation of road constructions using the example of a small rehabilitation project in Germany. Further, a brief overview of the existing international and European standards and guidelines will be given, followed by a more detailed description of the Swiss method NISTRA, the application of the British asPECT, the Canadian Athena Pavement LCA and the French SEVE.
Partly limited access to the tools and the small amount of available data due to the project size has led to rather limited results and it remains to be seen if a bigger project and a better access would result in a more sophisticated outcome. It can therefore be concluded that the sustainability evaluation tool for small rehabilitation projects specific to Germany would need a more simplified handling and structure then what is currently available.
Development of Empirical Equations and Tables For the Design of Bridge Cantilever Deck Slabs Under CHBDC Truck Loading
Authors: Micovic Ivan
Published: June 2021

This study recommends new simplified equations for the transverse moment and shear force at the base of the cantilever overhang due to applied vertical truck loading. This was made possible through a parametric study that utilized finite-element modelling on bridge deck cantilevers with variable lengths and slab thicknesses. Different end stiffening arrangements were considered that are encountered in practice, and included but were not limited to the PL-1, PL-2 and PL-3 New Jersey-type barriers walls, a PL-2 parapet, and a curb supporting intermittent steel posts carrying a guardrail. The barrier length changed from 3 to 12 m and the cantilever length ranged from 1.0 to 3.75 m. Further to the empirical expressions that had been developed, the study is supported by tables that were developed to readily design the cantilever slab, based on vertical loads due to vertical truck loading, as well as horizontal railing loads against the barrier wall.
Experimental study on slip resistance performance of ASTM A1010 stainless steel bolted connections
Authors: Cameron Omar
Published: June 2021

The primary aim of this experimental research was to provide information on the slip coefficient performance of ASTM A1010 stainless steel material and to ascertain if its behaviour is comparable to that of 350W Structural Steel. In accomplishing this task, it was important to examine other parameters associated with slip resistance testing, such as (i) bolt relaxation and (ii) the effect of temperature variation and re-usability of high strength bolts. In the 2014 edition of the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, the slip coefficient for clean mill scale and hot dip
galvanized surface condition for the 350W structural steel is specified as 0.35, whereas for blasted-clean surface condition is specified as 0.5. Although test results in this research showed lower values for tested structural steel plates, the slip coefficient of A1010 stainless steel material performed better than the 350W structural steel for each surface condition and at the same temperature range. Recommendations regarding the slip resistance test method and the
methodology for achieving the required surface conditions in slip resistance connection were drawn.
Local calibration of cracking models of MEPDG for Ontario's flexible pavement
Authors: Ahmed Chowdhury Jannatul Sifat E
Published: June 2021

The AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) introduces a pavement design method which uses both the mechanistic analyses and empirical models to predict pavement distresses and performance, which needs to be calibrated to local conditions and engineering practices based on local pavement performance data. This thesis focuses on the local calibration of fatigue (both bottom-up and top-down) and thermal cracking models in MEPDG for superpave flexible pavements on Ontario’s highways. Simulations were run in the software, after developing a calibration database of Ontario’s provincial highway and the predicted data is compared to the observed data. Significant difference is found in the comparisons which need to be minimized by calibrating the distress models. A new regression model is used to optimize the calibration parameters by minimizing the standard deviations of the residuals between the predicted and observed distresses. The challenges encountered and concluding remarks developed during the local calibration process are discussed.

Keywords: Local Calibration, Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG),
Cracking Models, Fatigue Cracking, Thermal Cracking, superpave
Land/Water Discrimination and Land Cover Classification Using Multispectral Airborne LiDAR Data
Authors: Morsy Salem Wagih Salem
Published: June 2021

Multispectral airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems are currently available. Optech Titan is an example of these systems, which acquires LiDAR point clouds at three independent wavelengths (1550, 1064 and 532 nm) from Earth’s surface. This dissertation aims to use the radiometric information (i.e., intensity) of the Optech Titan LiDAR data along with the geometric information (e.g., height) for land/water discrimination in coastal zones and land cover classification of urban areas.

A set of point features based on elevation, intensity, and geometry was extracted and evaluated for land/water discrimination in coastal zones. In addition, an automated land/water discrimination approach based on seeded region growing algorithm was presented. Two data subsets were tested at Lake Ontario and Tobermory Harbour in Ontario, Canada. The elevation and geometry-based features achieved average overall accuracies of 72.8% - 83.3% and 69.9% -74.4%, respectively, while the intensity-based features achieved an average overall accuracy of 59.0% - 63.4%. The region growing method achieved an average overall accuracy of more than 99%, and the automation of this method is restricted by having double returns from water bodies at the 532 nm wavelength.

A hierarchal point-based classification approach was presented for land cover classification of urban areas. The collected point clouds at the three wavelengths were first merged and three intensity values were estimated for each LiDAR point, followed by three-level classification approach. First, a ground filtering method was applied to separate non-ground from ground points. Second, three normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) were computed, followed by NDVIs’ histograms construction. A multivariate Gaussian decomposition (MVGD) was then used to divide those histograms into buildings or trees from non-ground and roads or grass from ground points. Third, classes such as power lines, swimming pools and different types of trees were labeled based on their spectral characteristics. Three data subsets were tested representing different complexity of urban areas in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. It is shown that the presented approach has achieved an overall accuracy up to 93.0%, which increased to more than 99% by considering the spatial coherence of the LiDAR point clouds.
An analysis of the relationship between healthcare spending and health outcomes: a data analytics perspective using the theory of production functions
Authors: Adu Kwadwo Oppong
Published: June 2021

This research investigates the relationship between per capita spending on healthcare and population health outcomes at the provincial level in Canada using data from 1980 to 2010. The health outcomes examined include life expectancy at birth and at age 65, number of infant deaths, and potential years of life lost from treatable causes, all of which are separated by gender. Using analytics methods as an application of the theory of growth accounting, the study evaluates the performance of the provincial health care systems in terms of their ability to efficiently produce longevity. The study also specifies the categories of healthcare spending which are most influential in determining the efficient production of longevity and measures the contribution of healthcare spending to the determination of infant mortality and deaths from treatable causes. The methods employed include Data Envelopment Analysis, Decision Tree Induction, and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines. The results of the analysis point to the fact that Canada’s provinces operate inefficiently in their production of health outcomes and confirm the importance of healthcare spending to determining health outcomes in Canada.
Accuracy assessment of GlobeLand30: a case study of Ontario,Canada
Authors: Rangarh Rishita
Published: June 2021

GlobeLand30 is the world’s first 30m high resolution land cover data set (Chen et al. 2014) and has been a successful model of Big-Data mining from a host of Landsat imagery, thereby contributing to and enhancing the existing global geospatial knowledge base (GlobeLand30 2014). As there is a lot of uncertainty and errors in the global land cover data, therefore it becomes very difficult to validate land cover on a global scale. Efforts on validating Globeland30
data have been made in various parts of the world in the past and will continue to be done. The objective of this project is to validate GlobeLand30 data set by carrying out a case study in Ontario, Canada. The adopted methodology for doing validation is by using cell-to-cell benchmarking (Maria et al. 2015), thereby deriving Error Matrix, and its derivatives, which includes overall accuracy, user accuracy, producer accuracy and kappa coefficient. The results show that an overall accuracy of 84.14% is obtained for GlobeLand30 data with consideration of shadows, which is relatively a high percentage number indicating that the GlobeLand30 data classification is highly accurate for Ontario, Canada.

Keywords: land cover; GlobeLand30; accuracy assessment; Ontario
Arrangement, description and presentation of the Fairlie Family collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario: a case study in collections management
Authors: Gentili Laura C.
Published: June 2021

This thesis presents the results of an applied project in Collections Management, comprising the intellectual arrangement of the Fairlie Family fonds at the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO), and the creation of a finding aid to facilitate future access and research. This project analyzes twelve Canadian family albums from the AGO’s collection of photography that were compiled by the Fairlie family between the years of 1880 and 1950. This project is comprised of three major parts: (1) an analytical paper, (2) extensive inventories and object-level cataloguing records, and (3) the creation of a finding aid for the family documents and related ephemera. The first part of this thesis consists of an analytical paper discussing the historical context of the albums and what they can tell us about the Fairlie family and the time and place in which they were created. The albums document the family’s exploits in photography, from mining in northern Ontario, various travel destinations, summer camping in Temagami, and life in upper-middle-class Toronto during the first half of the twentieth century. The practical component of this project includes genealogical research; detailed inventories for each of the twelve albums; the intellectual arrangement, rehousing, and creation of a finding aid for the textual records and related ephemera; and updated cataloguing records linking the albums with the Fairlie Family fonds in The Museum System database (TMS) so that both the photographic collection and contextual information are more accessible.
Coding photographic meaning: how interactive digitized surrogates affect photography exhibitions.
Authors: El-Sabaawi Soha
Published: June 2021

This research paper discusses the growing trend of interactive displays in art institutions as a relevant shift in the discourse on photographic literacy, and it is addressed towards curators, archivists, museum professionals, and new media artists with a specialization in photographic studies. The paper explores the concerns of digitized materiality in interactive exhibitions, virtual museums, and image databases. Four case studies will be utilized in this discussion, including the Peel Art Gallery Museum and Archives, Google Cultural Institute, Flickr: The Commons, and The Lowcounty Digital History Initiative. The relationship between digitized materials and visitors requires an ongoing review of how a diverse demographic of museumgoers read photographs and relate to them in exhibitions. This research paper utilizes topics from new media studies to better understand the implications, benefits, and drawbacks of these different types of displays, and how they fit into the narrative of photographic theory and exhibition design.
The design and development of an algorithm for automatically creating transit networks in transcad to measure regional accessibility
Authors: Lukka Rishi
Published: June 2021

The Metrolinx Economic Analysis team commissioned Arup Canada to create a tool to measure regional transit accessibility called WithinReach. It allows transportation professionals to quickly evaluate and compare existing services versus potential projects, using availability metrics. The calculation requires the summarization of all transit route operations across a geographic area into performance standards for one service day. In the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area (GTHA), detailed timetables are available in the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) format, however manually preparing this data for WithinReach is labour-intensive. Due to the frequency of changes to vehicle and route schedules, and the number of regional agencies, maintaining an up-to-date summary of operations is cumbersome. This report covers the design, development, testing, procedure, and validation of a Transit Network Builder (TNB) to automate this effort. The TNB abstracts GTFS schedule data into performance benchmarks for use with the WithinReach Tool and the TransCAD transportation planning environment.
The picture press in archives: facing the institutional challenges of newspaper photo collections
Authors: Marshall Tanya Lynn
Published: June 2021

Over the last few decades newspaper companies have either sold or donated large-scale photographic press archives to collecting institutions of all kinds. This paper explores the major challenges faced by museums, archives and libraries acquiring large scale press archives through two case studies carried out in 2018.
The Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections at York University acquired the photo collection of the Toronto Telegram in 1974 and 1987, and the Archives of Ontario acquired the Globe and Mail photo collection in 2016. Each institution has been forced to address the logistical issues of the physical and intellectual organization of these enormous collections while also dealing with the preservation problems specific to photographic archives. This paper looks at relevant literature, presents findings of my site visits as well as interviews with collections managers at the two institutions.
An analysis of fresh, mechanical and durability properties of lightweight self-consolidating fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Celasun Imge Nicole
Published: June 2021

This research investigated the fresh, mechanical and durability behavior of lightweight self-consolidating fiber reinforced concrete (LWSCFRC) with four different fibers (Polyethylene, Polyvinyl Alcohol, High-Density Polyethylene and Crumb Rubber). Two LWSCFRC mixtures were created for each fiber to analyze the effects of increasing fiber content on fresh state properties: slump flow and density. Mechanical and durability tests included compressive/ flexural strength, rapid chloride permeability and resistance to acid attack. The increase in fiber content decreased the workability of LWSCFRC mixtures except for crumb rubber. Flexural strength of all LWSCFRC specimens was similar compared to their control counterparts, while crumb rubber exhibited the highest compressive strength from all fiber specimens. Addition of fibers resulted in good
resistance against chloride ion penetration but compressive strength of specimens in a 5% sulfuric acid solution decreased. Overall, 1.0% Crumb Rubber performed better in fresh, mechanical and durability testing from all the fiber specimens.
Statistical evaluation of shear strength parameters of fine grained tills
Authors: Poudyal Chandra Prakash
Published: June 2021

A statistical analysis is conducted in this study on the shear strength parameters of fine-grained tills from a series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests performed for a light rail transit project in the City of Toronto. Three different failure criteria are applied: the maximum stress ratio, the maximum deviator stress, and the residual stress. Three methods generate only minimal difference in the shear failure angle and a slight difference in cohesion. The friction angle calculated using the maximum stress ratio method ranges from 18.6 to 35.26 degrees compared with values ranging from 18.5 to 34.26 degrees by the maximum deviator stress method. The undrained shear modulus calculated from one-third and two-third peak deviator stress points generate a wide variation from 2 MPa to 167 MPa with an average value of 34 MPa.
The Arnold Newman Collection of Photographs at the Art Gallery of Ontario finding aid
Authors: Corscadden Sean Fraser
Published: June 2021

The Arnold Newman Collection of Photographs consists of 4820 photographs taken by photographer Arnold Newman between the years 1938 and 2004. This thesis acts as a research project investigating the collection and making it accessible to researchers and collections management at the Art Gallery of Ontario. The project includes research on the sitting subjects, an overview of the physical photographs, an annotated bibliography and the organization and housing of the collection for permanent accession into the Art Gallery of Ontario's photography collection. The paper consists of an analytical portion which outlines the methodology of creating the finding aid. The finding aid acts as a standalone paper designed to assist researchers navigating the collection.
Opportunities And Challenges: Afghan Youth Learning English
Authors: Nazar Khesraw E.
Published: June 2021

The focus of this study is to understand what the opportunities and or challenges are for Afghan immigrant youth in the process of acquiring the English language. This research documents the experiences of Afghan high school students in their effort to obtain the English language during several years of residence in Canada. Based on a one-on-one interview of eight participants, including: seven high-school students and one community leader; this study found that there were a number of opportunities used by the students to learn the English language and a number of factors that made learning English challenging. The opportunities that helped the students include, learning the language in informal settings, such as with friends, sports activities, the workplace, and the internet. The challenges that many of the students indicated, mainly involved formal programs in schools, for example, short time period spent in ESL classes, the facilitation of after-school help by other students who did not know the material well, and the embarrassment of participating in class discussion due to disrespect from classmates.
Influence of polyethylene fiber and super plasticizer on the properties of fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Wahed Iqbal
Published: June 2021

This research concentrated on high strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) with polyethylene fibers. Four different FRC mixtures having different dosage of superplasticizer and fiber contents were investigated for fresh state (flowability and temperature development/setting time), mechanical properties (compressive/flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and fracture energy), durability characteristics (rapid chloride permeability) and microstructure (using scanning electron microscopy ‘SEM’). All FRCS showed high strength development with low ductility (or strain hardening behavior). Increase of fiber content increased the tensile strength and fracture energy of FRCs. The SEM confirmed dense concrete matrix with stronger interfacial transition zone. No significant influence of superplasticizer (at the specified range of dosages) on the properties of FRCs was observed. The use shorter fiber compared to longer ones (18 mm used in this study) at lower dosages could improve ductility and flowability of the FRCs.
Palestinian Refugee Identity: Marginalization and Resistance in Refugee Camps in Lebanon
Authors: Sabarini Tamara
Published: June 2021

Through a review of theoretical literature on the topics of space, power, and identity as well as literature on the Palestinian refugee situation in Lebanon, this research paper uses a critical approach to space in order to examine how Palestinian identity is formed within the specific context of refugee camps in Lebanon. The refugee camp has been used by the Lebanese state as a disciplinary tool to contain identities, but it has also served as a site for the displaced Palestinians to construct meaningful lives and create new places and identities. This paper will specifically examine the way in which a marginalized collective identity as well as an identity of resistance has been formed and renegotiated using culture, memory, and militancy by displaced Palestinian refugees living within the boundaries of camps in Lebanon.
Canada’s Response to the “War on Terror”: A New Era of National Security, Erosion of Rights and Racial Injustice
Authors: Rahman Waheeda
Published: June 2021

Echoing Canada's historical treatment of immigrants, the post- 9/11 era has brought terrorism and national security issues to the forefront of the political agenda by dividing immigrants based on race, colour, religion and country of origin (Kruger, Mulder and Korenic, 2004). The research critically examines the major security legislation employed by the Canadian government since the events of September 11, 2001, in order to highlight the impact on marginalized communitites, in particular "Muslims" and "Arabs". The paper will examine through key informant interviews, the affect the new security agenda has had on targeted individuals and on the advocacy efforts of social movements and social activists. The paper takes the position that this new era of national security undertaken by the state has resulted in a two-tiered justice system, where certain groups are now being targeted by government and security agencies, while there is an erosion of democratic rights of all Canadians.
Radiometric correction and normalization of airborne LiDAR intensity data for land cover classification
Authors: Yan Wai Yeung
Published: June 2021

Airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) has been used extensively to model the topography of the Earth surface by emitting laser pulses and measuring the distance (range) between the LiDAR sensor and the illuminated object as well as the backscattered laser energy (intensity). Nowadays, airborne LiDAR systems operating in near-infrared spectrum are also gaining a high level of interest for surface classification and object recognition. Nevertheless, due to the system- and environmental- induced distortions, airborne LiDAR intensity data requires
certain correction and normalization schemes to maximize the benefits from the collected data. The first part of the thesis presents a correction model for airborne LiDAR intensity data based on the radar (range) equation. To fill the gap in current research, the thesis introduces a set of correction parameters considering the attenuation due to atmospheric absorption and scattering which have not been previously considered. The thesis further derives a set of equations to compute the laser incidence angle based on the LiDAR data point cloud and GPS trajectory. In the second part of the thesis, a normalization model is proposed to adjust the radiometric misalignment amongst overlapping airborne LiDAR intensity data. The model is built upon the use of a Gaussian mixture modeling technique for fitting the intensity histogram which can then be partitioned into several sub-histograms. Finally, sub-histogram equalization is applied to calibrate the LiDAR intensity data. To evaluate the effects of the proposed methods, a LiDAR dataset covering an urban area with three different scans was used for experimental testing. The results showed that the coefficient of variance of five land cover features were significantly reduced by 70% to 82% and 33% to 80% after radiometric correction and radiometric normalization, respectively. Land cover classification was conducted on the LiDAR intensity data where accuracy improvements of up to 15% and 16.5% were found on the classification results using the radiometrically corrected intensity data, and radiometrically corrected and normalized intensity data, respectively. With the improved land cover homogeneity and classification accuracy, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated. The outcome of the thesis fills the gap in existing airborne LiDAR research and paves the way for the future development of LiDAR data processing system.
Projection to pixel: the art of digital translations of 35MM slideshows in cultural institutions
Authors: Miller Emily
Published: June 2021

This research paper and associated website address the growing practice of digitization in cultural institutions. Digitization provides greater access to the objects and associated research of collections; however, digitization is a subjective process and should be understood as a cultural as well as technical practice.
Current digital reproductions and documentation do not do justice to time-based artworks. 35mm slideshows, in particular, are misrepresented by their digital records and, due to their imminent material and technical obsolescence, are inaccessible unless on display. This thesis responds to the pressing question: How can institutions, primarily art galleries and museums, create digital translations of slideshows produced as artworks that maintain the integrity of the original format, both contextually and materially? It seeks to find a way to create a robust digital translation of 35mm slideshows that provides a better sense of their materiality, presentation, and context.
The impact of building envelope retrofit measures on postwar MURBS in Toronto
Authors: Damyar Sara
Published: June 2021

Building envelope retrofits is one of the options available to reduce energy consumption of postwar MURBs in Toronto. This study evaluates the impact of building envelope retrofits that meet current standards on energy consumption of a Toronto postwar MURB; utilizing eQUEST energy simulation software. Further upgrades also take place to evaluate how the impact of building envelope retrofits on energy use can be increased and optimized for all assemblies of building envelope and airtightness. Moreover, the retrofit strategies are ranked based on cost and energy-saving effectiveness. The results of the analysis reveal that building envelope retrofit based on OBC-2012 standards can reduce the energy consumption by up to 44%. Furthermore, the optimal RSI values of all building envelope components were found to be equal or less than code requirements which outcomes significant energy savings. Lastly, the ranking of the strategies helps to identify the best option according to the priorities of a project.
Dictionaries and algorithms for sparsity constrained image reconstruction
Authors: Tharmalingam Mathiruban
Published: June 2021

There has been a growing interest in the different types of dictionaries that can be used in image processing applications. We propose a hybrid dictionary composed of transform based atoms and additional nonlinear atoms generated using the polynomial, rectangular and exponential functions. The additional nonlinear atoms improve signal reconstruction quality for both transient and smooth signals. To further improve signal reconstruction quality, we optimize the hybrid dictionary using training samples from the signal. We also propose a signal coding algorithm that generates additional atoms by performing a circular shift on the provided dictionary prior to coding the signal.

We have evaluated the proposed methods against existing predefined dictionaries by visually examining the reconstructed images as well as evaluating the peak signal to noise ratio of the reconstructed signal. All methods proposed in this thesis improved signal reconstruction quality however; we require an in-depth cost analysis study to evaluate its limitations.
The effect of free nitrous acid pretreatment on the anaerobic digestibility of thickened waste activated sludge
Authors: Okoye Frances Chi
Published: June 2021

Sludge pretreatment technologies as an avenue to improve solids handling in a WWTP has gained attention and significant research efforts are being directed towards studying several available techniques. The use of FNA as a chemical pretreatment for the AD has shown the potential to enhance the hydrolysis stage by releasing the internal organic matter of TWAS via its biocidal action. The effect of FNA on improving the biodegradability of TWAS was investigated in this thesis. The effect of the FNA on the TWAS characteristics and the methane production in batch tests was first studied. The optimum FNA dose was determined from the batch tests based on both solubilization and methane yields and then tested in a semi-continuous flow system. As the semi-continuous flow system failed when the optimum FNA dose obtained from the batch study was used, another set of semi-continuous flow experiments were conducted using different FNA doses
Transnational Habitus and the Formation of a Colombian Community in Toronto
Authors: Restrepo Santy
Published: June 2021

Colombians are one of the largest Latin American populations in Canada, however academic research on this ethnic group is scarce. Unlike other immigrant groups from Latin America, Colombians demonstrate limited community formation. This study seeks to explore the reasons that impede the formation of a Colombian community in Toronto. Using transnational habitus as a theoretical framework, and using census data analysis as well as field observations in the Toronto CMA, the study suggests that multiple political conflicts in Colombia have been transplanted to Canada, thereby impeding the formation of a solidified community.
Fresh and Mechanical Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume and Metakaolin
Authors: Ahmed Syed
Published: June 2021

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been gaining greater interest over the past decades with its excellent offerings of efficiency, beauty, and savings. Due to its high flow ability, resistance to bleeding, and non-segregating properties, SCC holds tremendous potential for use in the construction industry. SCC requires no vibration and can fill capacities, including the ones with even the most congested reinforcements. Since SCC can be obtained by incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) such as silica fume and metakaolin. It is crucial to develop and test different SCC mixtures with different volumes of SCMs to evaluate fresh and mechanical properties. Although silica fume is used in the production of SCC, the use of metakaoline in SCC is new. In this project, eleven SCC mixtures having different volumes of silica fume and metakaolin are developed. In addition, the influence of the above mentioned pozzolans (silica fume and metakaolin) on the fresh and mechanical properties are analyzed. Recommendations on fresh and mechanical properties of silica fume and metakaoline based SCC mixtures are also provided.