bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reversal Interest Rate
Authors: Abadi Joseph , Brunnermeier Markus , Koby Yann
Published: July 2023

The reversal interest rate is the rate at which accommodative monetary policy reverses and becomes contractionary for lending. We theoretically demonstrate its existence in a macroeconomic model featuring imperfectly competitive banks that face financial frictions. When interest rates are cut too low, further monetary stimulus cuts into banks’ profit margins, depressing their net worth and curtailing their credit supply. Similarly, when interest rates are low for too long, the persistent drag on bank profitability eventually outweighs banks’ initial capital gains, also stifling credit supply. We quantify the importance of this mechanism within a calibrated New Keynesian model. (JEL E12, E32, E43, E44, E52, G21, L25)
Η παρουσία της τέχνης και η σχέση της με τα λογοτεχνικά κείμενα στα εγχειρίδια λογοτεχνίας της μέσης εκπαίδευσης στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Μπίκα Στυλιανή
Published: July 2023

Η κυριαρχία της εικόνας σε όλους σχεδόν τους τομείς της ζωής μας, αποτελεί γεγονός αδιαμφισβήτητο και θεωρείται δεδομένο ότι ο σύγχρονος άνθρωπος είναι και πρέπει να είναι σε θέση να ερμηνεύει και να αποκωδικοποιεί καθετί που ερεθίζει την οπτική του. Το σχολείο αποτελεί καθοριστικό παράγοντα της καλλιέργειας του οπτικού γραμματισμού ο οποίος με τη σειρά του διευκολύνει την επικοινωνία μέσω των εικόνων.Η παρατήρηση των έργων τέχνης, αρχίζοντας από αυτά που υπάρχουν στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια, δημιουργεί για τους μαθητές ένα περιβάλλον διδασκαλίας αρκετά ευχάριστο και ελκυστικό που συμβάλλει στην οπτική εξοικείωση τους με σχήματα, φόρμες, χρώματα και μορφές. Παράλληλα οι μαθητές διαπραγματεύονται απλές ή σύνθετες έννοιες, καλλιεργούνται γλωσσικά και ασκούνται σε συλλογιστικές ολιστικού χαρακτήρα ενώ αποκωδικοποιούν τον πολιτισμό με εργαλείο την Τέχνη. Οι αισθήσεις κινητοποιούνται, το ενδιαφέρον αυξάνεται, η Τέχνη εντάσσεται στην εκπαιδευτική καθημερινότητα αλλάζοντάς την και η κατάκτηση της οπτικής γλώσσας διευκολύνει την επικοινωνία και την έκφραση. Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επιχειρείται η διερεύνηση της σχέσης που υπάρχει ανάμεσα στα έργα τέχνης και τα λογοτεχνικά κείμενα των σχολικών εγχειριδίων της Μέσης Εκπαίδευσης στην Ελλάδα και πώς μπορεί η σχέση αυτή να οδηγήσει στην χρήση καλών πρακτικών ώστε ο οπτικός γραμματισμός στο πλαίσιο των σύγχρονων κοινωνικών επιταγών να οδηγήσει στην ανάπτυξη της δημιουργικής σκέψης των νέων ανθρώπων.
Μελέτη συσχέτισης πολυμορφισμών των γονιδίων SLC6A4 και ABCB1 με τις διεγχειρητικές απαιτήσεις σε ρεμιφεντανύλη ασθενών που υποβάλλονται σε θυρεοειδεκτομή
Authors: Σουλτάτη Ιωάννα
Published: July 2023

Εισαγωγή: Οι περι-εγxειρητικές ανάγκες σε αναισθητικά ή/και αναλγητικά φάρμακα παρουσιάζουν αξιοσημείωτη διακύμανση και μέρος αυτής φαίνεται να είναι γενετικά καθοριζόμενο. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνήσει την επίδραση κοινών πολυμορφισμών των γονιδίων SLC6A4 και ABCB1, στις διεγχειρητικές απαιτήσεις σε ρεμιφεντανύλη καθώς και στις μετεγχειρητικές ανάγκες σε αναλγητικά, σε ασθενείς που υποβάλλονται σε εκλεκτικές επεμβάσεις ελάχιστα επεμβατικής θυρεοειδεκτομής. Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Πρόκειται για μία μελέτη παρατήρησης, τύπου κοόρτης, η οποία συμπεριέλαβε 90 ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε εκλεκτική θυρεοειδεκτομή, υπό γενική αναισθησία με σύστημα ελεγχόμενης έγχυσης στόχου (Target Controlled Infusion – TCI) ρεμιφεντανύλης. Μετεγχειρητικά τα αναλγητικά φάρμακα χορηγούνταν τόσο βάσει πρωτοκόλλου όσο και κατ΄επίκληση, αναλόγως του πόνου που αισθανόταν ο κάθε ασθενής. Ο καθορισμός του γονοτύπου έγινε με εφαρμογή καθιερωμένων μεθόδων PCR-RFLP. Για κάθε ασθενή έγινε καταγραφή του γονοτύπου, των διεγχειρητικών αιμοδυναμικών παραμέτρων, της συνολικής κατανάλωσης ρεμιφεντανύλης, των μετεγχειρητικών αναγκών σε αναλγητικά και της αντίληψης του πόνου (με την κλίμακα VAS).Αποτελέσματα: Οι διεγχειρητικές ανάγκες σε ρεμιφεντανύλη δεν συσχετίσθηκαν με κανέναν πολυμορφισμό. Οι ασθενείς με τον γονότυπο ABCB1 3435TT ένιωθαν στατιστικά σημαντικά λιγότερο μετεγχειρητικό πόνο μέχρι και μία ώρα μετά την επέμβαση, συγκριτικά με τους φορείς του C αλληλομόρφου [μέση κλίμακα VAS (SD) στην 1 ώρα = 0.86 (1.22) vs. 2.42 (1.75); p = 0.017], ένα εύρημα το οποίο περιοριστήκε μόνο στην ομάδα εκείνη των ασθενών που χρειάζονταν επιπρόσθετη αναλγητική αγωγή (επιπλέον της σταθερά χορηγούμενης βάσει πρωτοκόλλου). Οι πολυμορφισμοί του SLC6A4 δεν είχαν κάποια σημαντική επίδραση στην αντίληψη του πόνου ή στις ανάγκες σε αναλγητικά. Συμπεράσματα: Ο πολυμορφισμός ABCB1 C3435T φαίνεται να επηρεάζει την αντίληψη του μετεγχειρητικού χειρουργικού πόνου σε ασθενείς με χαμηλό ουδό πόνου, που υποβάλλονται σε ελάχιστα επεμβατική θυρεοειδεκτομή. Αντίθετα, οι πολυμορφισμοί του SLC6A4 δεν έδειξαν κάποια επίδραση. Μελλοντικές, μεγαλύτερες μελέτες, με περισσότερα γονίδια και περισσότερους πολυμορφισμούς ενδέχεται να αποκαλύψουν περαιτέρω και ισχυρότερες συσχετίσεις μεταξύ γενετικού υποβάθρου και περιεγχειρητικών αναγκών σε αναλγητικά φάρμακα.
Eπιρροές από το ιστορικό και φιλοσοφικό περιβάλλον στην Αλεξάνδρεια για την ανάπτυξη των περί λόγου ως 'Δεύτερου Θεού' πεποιθήσεων στον Ιουδαίο Φίλωνα
Authors: Λαδιά Βασιλική
Published: July 2023

Ελληνικά Ο Φίλων ήταν Εβραίος φιλόσοφος που έζησε στην Αλεξάνδρεια στα τέλη του πρώτου αιώνα π.Χ. και μέχρι τα μέσα του πρώτου αιώνα μ.Χ. Μεταξύ των πολλών έργων και προσπαθειών του, έγραψε για την ερμηνεία της Πεντάτευχης. Άλλα θέματα που απασχόλησαν το μυαλό του ήταν η παρουσία του Θεού, η ουσία του Θεού, ο Θεός και η σχέση του με τον κτιστό κόσμο, Θεάνθρωπος, Θεός-Λόγος. Για να εμβαθύνει και να απαντήσει σε αυτά τα ερωτήματα, παραπέμπει σε πηγές αρχαίων φιλοσόφων όπως ο Πλάτωνας, ο Αριστοτέλης, ο Πυθαγόρας, ο Ηράκλειτος κ.ά. Σαφώς επηρεασμένος από τα ελληνικά φιλοσοφικά ρεύματα, ως εκλεκτικός φιλόσοφος, το μυαλό του Φίλωνα παρουσιάζει με συνειδητή επιλογή μια αναμφίβολα ελληνική γεύση. Ακόμα κι έτσι, κράτησε την εβραϊκή του καρδιά. Σκληρός υπερασπιστής των δικαιωμάτων του λαού του και θεματοφύλακας των αρχαίων παραδόσεων του, κάτω από τον μανδύα ενός Έλληνα φιλοσόφου, η προσπάθεια του Φίλωνα να συμφιλιώσει τον Ιουδαϊσμό με τον Ελληνισμό αντηχεί ακόμα στους αιώνες.
Διερεύνηση του ρόλου της πλειοτροπίνης και του υποδοχέα της με δράση φωσφατάσης τυροσίνης στην καρκινική αγγειογένεση in vivo
Authors: Καστανά Πηνελόπη
Published: July 2023

H πλειοτροπίνη (ΡΤΝ) είναι ένας αυξητικός παράγοντας που δρα στα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα και ρυθμίζει τη μετανάστευσή τους, δρώντας σε πολλούς διαφορετικούς υποδοχείς. Ο πιο καλά μελετημένος διαμεμβρανικός υποδοχέας της ΡΤΝ που εκφράζεται στα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα in vitro είναι ο υποδοχέας με δράση φωσφατάσης τυροσίνης PTPRZ1. Τόσο η ΡΤΝ όσο και ο PTPRZ1 υπερεκφράζονται κατά τη διάρκεια της εμβρυϊκής ανάπτυξης και η έκφρασή τους μεταβάλλεται σε διάφορες μορφές καρκίνου κι έχουν αναφερθεί να επηρεάζουν την καρκινική ανάπτυξη και ίσως και την καρκινική αγγειογένεση, όπως προκύπτει κυρίως από in vitro μελέτες. Στόχος της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η μελέτη του ρόλου της ΡΤΝ και του PTPRZ1 στην καρκινική αγγειογένεση in vivo, χρησιμοποιώντας μύες που δεν εκφράζουν την ΡΤΝ ή τον PTPRZ1. Για τον σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκε το μοντέλο επαγωγής χημικής καρκινογένεσης με παρεντερική χορήγηση ουρεθάνης που οδηγεί στην ανάπτυξη αδενοκαρκινώματος του πνεύμονα. Βρέθηκε ότι στους μύες που δεν εκφράζουν PTPRZ1, η ανάπτυξη του αδενοκαρκινώματος ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένη, με αυξημένη αγγειογένεση και μειωμένη επιβίωση των πειραματοζώων. Η μειωμένη έκφραση του PTPRZ1 φαίνεται να συσχετίζεται με μειωμένη επιβίωση και των ασθενών με αδενοκαρκίκωμα πνεύμονα. Επίσης, η αυξημένη αγγειογένεση που παρατηρείται στους όγκους είναι εγγενής, αφού βρέθηκε και σε πνεύμονες και καρδιά των μυών που έχουν έλλειψη του PTPRZ1 ανεξάρτητα από την ανάπτυξη όγκων. Παρόμοια, τα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα από τα μικροαγγεία του πνεύμονα μυών με έλλειψη PTPRZ1 παρουσιάζουν αυξημένο πολλαπλασιασμό, μετανάστευση, δημιουργία αυλών και μιτοχονδριακή ενεργότητα in vitro, μειωμένα επίπεδα της ιντεγκρίνης ανβ3 και ενεργοποίηση του υποδοχέα VEGFR2. Σύγκριση των μεταγράφων των ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων από μύες που εκφράζουν ή δεν εκφράζουν τον PTPRZ1 που προκύπτει από RNA sequencing δείχνει ότι η έλλειψη του PTPRZ1 σχετίζεται με τη διαδικασία της αγγειογένεσης. Στους μύες με έλλειψη της ΡΤΝ, η καρκινογένεση δεν επηρεάζεται σημαντικά αλλά παρατηρείται σημαντικά αυξημένη αγγειογένεση στον πνευμονικό ιστό in vivo, σε συμφωνία με την πολύ μεγάλη επαγωγή στον πολλαπλασιασμό και τη μετανάστευση των ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων με έλλειψη της ΡΤΝ από την εξωγενή χορήγηση VEGFA in vitro. Τα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα με έλλειψη ΡΤΝ έχουν πιο επιμήκη μιτοχόνδρια και με ανάλυση του μεταγραφικού τους προτύπου εντοπίζονται μεταβολές στην έκφραση γονιδίων που συνδέονται με λειτουργίες όπως η κυτταρική μετανάστευση, η προσκόλληση και αλλαγές του κυτταροσκελετού. Συμπερασματικά, τα δεδομένα της παρούσας διατριβής υποδηλώνουν τη συμμετοχή τόσο του PTPRZ1 όσο και της ΡΤΝ στη ρύθμιση της αγγειογένεσης in vivo και αναδεικνύουν τον ΡΤΡRZ1 ως πιθανό βιοδείκτη για την πρόγνωση της εξέλιξης του αδενοκαρκινώματος πνεύμονα. Επιπλέον, φαίνεται ότι τόσο η ΡΤΝ όσο και ο PTPRZ1 εμπλέκονται στη ρύθμιση της μιτοχονδριακής λειτουργίας, υπόθεση που θα διερευνηθεί περαιτέρω σε μελλοντικές έρευνες.
Impact of the Application of FAS 25/2018 «Accounting for Leases» on the Financial Performance of the Lessee
Authors: Neelova Natalia , Kochinev Yuriy , Guzikova L.
Published: July 2023

Th e relevance of the topic is due to the transition of non-financial organizations in the Russian Federation from 2022 to a new procedure for accounting for lease agreements in accordance with FAS 25/2018 «Accounting for leases». The paper considers changes in the accounting of lessees, different ways of accounting for lease agreements (the main accounting procedure and simplified methods: without discounting the lease liability and without recognizing the right of use asset and liability), differences with tax accounting for income tax. The influence on the financial statements of the lessee and financial ratios is revealed. Th e dynamics of expenses during the lease term, its dependence on the discount rate and methods of transition to FAS 25/2018 are analyzed.
Aceptación del voseo verbal y pronominal entre chilenos y aprendientes de Español como Lengua Extranjera.
Authors: Toledo Vega Gloria , Silva Espíndola Katterine
Published: July 2023

This study highlights the importance of understanding the forms of voseo in Chile in learners of Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) through reflection on the pragmatic use of the language. This understanding is not easy because of the evolutional nature of voseo, and the diversity of functions of this phenomenon. The study aims to compare the pragmatic judgments on the Chilean voseo between natives and learners of SFL, which was carried out based on the didactic potential that implies understanding the voseo uses. A questionnaire allowed us to observe choices related to the acceptance of the voseo in different situations, considering pragmatic variables among Chileans and SFL learners. After comparing the responses of both groups of participants, a disparity was observed in the acceptance levels of native and non-native speakers, though also a tendency to be cautious with voseo among learners who had spent more time in Chile. At the same time, there was a correlation in judgments regarding voseo as a phenomenon that can show both closeness (verbal) and contempt (pronominal)
Ante las unidades líquidas y consonantes nasales del español y su presentación en la NGLE.
Authors: Veiga Alexandre
Published: July 2023

Revisamos en este trabajo las estructuras e interrelaciones de los subconjuntos fonemáticos de realización vibrante, lateral y nasal en español. Confrontamos diversas propuestas interpretativas en la historia de la fonología española y procedemos, en especial, a una revisión crítica de las ideas al respecto defendidas en el tercer volumen de la Nueva gramática de la lengua española (2011).
Ambiente do bairro e da escola e sua associação com atividade física diária e uso de telas
Authors: Dias Lizziane Andrade , Jesus Gilmar Mercês de , Barros Anna Karolina Cerqueira , Vieira Graciete Oliveira
Published: July 2023

O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi analisar a associação entre ambiente construído no bairro e na escola e atividade física diária (AFD) e uso de telas diário (TD) entre estudantes de diferentes padrões de comportamentos. Participaram estudantes (9,1 ± 1,38 anos, 53,2% meninas) do 2º ao 5º ano de escolas públicas (n = 2.384) da cidade de Feira de Santana, BA. Atividades físicas e comportamentos sedentários foram avaliadas através de questionário online (Web-CAAFE) e utilizadas para definir os padrões de comportamentos por análise de cluster, segmentada por sexo. Ambiente construído na escola (parquinho e espaços cobertos para atividades físicas) e no bairro (quadras esportivas, campos de futebol, parques e praças) foram as exposições. Os desfechos, AFD e TD, foram obtidos pelos somatórios dos relatos de um dia. Modelos de regressão binomial negativa, controlados por idade e escore-z de Índice de Massa Corporal, estimaram razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A AFD associou-se a praças entre meninas “Jogadoras ativas” (RP = 1,35; IC95%: 1,09 - 1,68) e a Espaços cobertos para atividades físicas entre “sedentárias/executoras de tarefas domésticas” (RP = 0,86; IC95%: 075 - 0,97). Entre meninos “sedentários em atividades acadêmicas” a AFD associou-se a Campos de futebol (RP = 1,20; IC95%: 1,02 - 1,42) e TD a Parquinho (RP = 1,17; IC95%: 1,00 - 1,37). TD também foi associado a Espaços cobertos para atividade física entre “sedentários em telas” (RP = 1,28; IC95%: 1,04 - 1,57). AFD e TD de meninos e meninas com diferentes padrões de comportamento foram associados a diversos fatores do ambiente construído.
Searching for the Best Yardstick: Cost of Quality Improvements in the U.S. Hospital Industry
Authors: Lim Jong Myeong , Moon Ken , Savin Sergei
Published: July 2023

The Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program is Medicare’s implementation of yardstick incentives applied to hospitals in the United States. Under the VBP Program, 2% of all Medicare payments to hospitals, estimated to be U.S. $1.9 billion in fiscal year 2021, are withheld and redistributed based on their relative performance in the quality of delivered care. We develop a dynamic mean-field equilibrium model in which hospitals are engaged in repeated competition under yardstick incentives. Using structural estimation methods, we recover key parameters that govern hospitals’ decisions to invest in quality improvement, including the financial and nonfinancial costs and uncertain outcomes of investment. By dynamically solving for hospitals’ individually optimal investment policies, we estimate the trajectory of quality improvements for each hospital, including its investment decisions and quality levels throughout the implementation of the VBP Program. Our counterfactual analyses explore the benefits, on the one hand, of modifying the overall size of the yardstick incentives and on the other hand, of implementing a more focused program tailored to hospital type. We find that increasing the size of the incentives from 2% to 4% would have resulted in an additional quality investment of U.S. $1.2 billion from 2011 to 2018, leading to a 3.3% reduction in the average rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Applying yardstick incentives to the tailored hospital peer groups, even without changing the size of the incentives, can lead to an average reduction of 1.4% in the rate of CLABSI among groups of hospitals associated with the highest costs of quality investment.

This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.

Funding: K. Moon acknowledges support from the Wharton School [Claude Marion Endowed Faculty Scholar Award].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4875 .
The approaches and motivations to learning of student nurses: a phenomenological study
Authors: Morrell-Scott Nicola
Published: July 2023

This research study was undertaken to elicit a group of final-year student nurses' perceptions of their motivations and approaches to learning, and the implications of their views. It is important to explore this subject because students' motivations and approaches to learning can potentially impact patient care. This study was part of a larger research project. The sample consisted of 18 final-year student nurses at a large UK university. Students completed semi-structured interviews that used a qualitative constructivist approach to explore their educational experience. Students described what motivated them to learn, and how they approached their learning because of their understanding of which subjects they believed were and were not important. Students felt that clinical skills were the most important subjects, and topics such as health promotion, law and ethics, were less important and therefore they approached these subjects in a superficial way, learning just enough to pass their course. Clinical skills were perceived as more useful because they would be used directly in clinical practice. The findings of this study are significant to inform nurse educators as they plan curricula and provide an insight into what may potentially adversely affect patient care when students become registered nurses.
Marshallese Women and Oral Traditions: Navigating a Future for Pacific History
Authors: LaBriola Monica C
Published: July 2023

First published just over three decades ago, Teresia Teaiwa’s “Microwomen: US Colonialism and Micronesian Women Activists” calls attention to the absence of Micronesian women in academic histories. The paper came out of a Pacific History Association conference panel aimed at amplifying the voices of women in histories of Micronesia, which, Teaiwa argued, remained “deafeningly silent on women” (1992, 126). While progress has been made in the thirty years since, Micronesian women remain underrepresented in academic histories. Using Marshallese oral traditions as a guide, this article argues that re-centering women in histories of Micronesia remains essential to the decolonization of Pacific Islands history, not only for the sake of representation but also as a necessary step in the ongoing development of historical methods more reflective of Indigenous historicities.
“It Will Be Like a Town Here, Things Are Really Coming Up!”: Inequality in Village-Based Cruise Ship Tourism in the Trobriand Islands
Authors: MacCarthy Michelle
Published: July 2023

Cruise ship tourism is a major player in the international tourism industry. This article examines the sociocultural ramifications of large-scale cruise ship tourism in the context of the Trobriand Islands, where unequal access to both the benefits and problematic aspects of this kind of tourism have implications for the reciprocal relations that are embedded in Trobriand society. It considers the “wicked problems” inherent in the discourses and practice of tourism as development, addressing the paradoxes and complexities that arise, especially where inequalities (between Trobriand Islanders and visitors and among Trobrianders from across the archipelago) are most apparent and difficult to resolve.
"Shelter is Stressing Me Out": Challenges Meeting Health Care Needs of Older Adults in Congregate Shelters
Authors: Rudolph Kaila A. , Stewart Madeline , Borba Christina P.C.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Older adults experiencing homelessness are a growing population with high rates of medical, psychiatric, and substance use-related health conditions. This mixed-methods study sampled older adults experiencing homelessness admitted to an academic safety-net hospital. We analyzed chart review data on the cohorts' medical and psychiatric conditions and their health care utilization. Qualitative interviews examined the impact of the congregate shelter environment on health. The sixteen participants with experiences living in a shelter had high rates of depression (56%), alcohol use disorder (52%) and hypertension (39%). Annually, participants averaged 2.8 hospitalizations and 8.5 emergency department visits. Forty-four percent (44%) of participants were discharged from hospital to shelter. Qualitative interviews linked living in congregate shelters to challenges meeting daily physical and psychological needs and barriers to medical system engagement. Our study highlights the complex health and psychological needs of this population, and challenges meeting those needs across congregate shelters and acute hospital settings.
Implementing the Better Starts For All Pilot Mobile and Telehealth Intervention in Ohio Appalachia: Improving Access to Maternal Healthcare
Authors: Brill Seuli Bose , Juckett Lisa A. , Chandler Erin , Brown Jordyn , Thomas Nikki , Flax Chasmine , Miles Laura , Howard Mequeil , Thung Stephen , Mishkin Kathryn
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Introduction. Women in Ohio Appalachia experience greater maternal health disparities relative to the general U.S. population, resulting in poorer health outcomes. This paper describes the Ohio Better Starts for All (BSFA) program that provides mobile maternal health services in rural Ohio. Methods. This three-year intervention was delivered through a community-clinical partnership in Ohio Appalachia. The program's preliminary evaluation and opportunities were informed by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results. Over six months, 86 patients were referred to the BSFA program, 54 (62.8 %) were seen by the maternal care team, and 14 out of 19 scheduled clinic days were held. Five clinics were canceled due to inclement weather, mobile unit breakdown, or provider COVID-19 infection. Discussion. Maternal care providers must provide equitable care to patients, with particular attention to those who face substantial challenges accessing obstetric services. The BSFA program offers one promising solution to help women overcome barriers to accessing care.
Mental and Emotional Health of Caregivers of Youth with Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bruzzese Jean-Marie , Usseglio John , Iannacci-Manasia Lisa , Diggs Kayla A. , Smaldone Arlene M. , Green Nancy S.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: People of African descent and those identifying as Black and/or Latino experience a disproportionate burden of sickle cell disease (SCD), a chronic, serious blood condition. Caregivers of children with chronic medical conditions report worse mental health than others. Disease-associated stressors can affect caregivers of children with SCD. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the prevalence of mental health symptoms in caregivers of children with SCD and to see if symptoms were associated with the child's SCD. This review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase, identifying 1,322 records of which 40 met criteria for inclusion in this review. Findings suggest caregivers experience mental health problems, and poorer mental health was associated with worse child SCD-related outcomes and treatment adherence. Efforts should be made to routinely screen SCD caregiver mental health and to refer accordingly.
Legal Needs and Health Outcomes for People with Cancer in Medical-Legal Partnership Programs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dowling Allison B. , Jensen Caitlin Schille , Sweeney Abigail , Dorris C. Scott , Perry Deborah F.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) integrate lawyers into medical teams to address patients' unmet legal needs that create barriers to good health and well-being (i.e., health-harming legal needs). This systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature focused on measuring 1) cancer patients' legal needs and 2) outcomes for cancer patients after receiving MLP services. Literature was searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for the period 2006–2022. Four articles met the inclusion criteria for objective one: three articles met the criteria for objective two. While limited, the literature provides data that when screened, cancer patients regularly struggle with health-harming legal needs. Preliminary evidence suggests that while MLPs can help resolve legal needs, measuring outcomes of MLP intervention is complex. Further peer-reviewed research is needed to better understand the unmet legal needs of cancer patients and the impact of MLPs on their health.
Tunable Fiber Source of Entangled Ultraviolet and Infrared Photons
Authors: Lopez-Huidobro Santiago , Chekhova Maria V. , Joly Nicolas Y.
Published: July 2023

We report a novel tunable biphoton source, with one photon in the ultraviolet and its entangled partner in the infrared spectral range, based on four-wave mixing in a xenon-filled single-ring fiber.
Scalable Nanoimprint Manufacturing of Multi-layer Metasurfaces for Compact Polarimetric Imaging System
Authors: Choi Shinhyuk , Zuo Jiawei , Das Nabasindhu , Yao Yu , Wang Chao
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate a scalable approach to fabricate multiple layers of metasurfaces by nanoimprint lithography (NIL), and further integrate the metasurface structures on ultra-compact polarimetric imaging system. The approach can significantly reduce the processing time and cost in manufacturing large-scale optical devices, in the meanwhile minimizing optical loss from defects and roughness in conventional fabrication.
Time-travelling pathogens and their risk to ecological communities
Authors: Strona Giovanni , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Cardoso Pedro , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Guillaume Frédéric , Manca Federica , Mustonen Ville , Zaman Luis
Published: July 2023

Permafrost thawing and the potential ‘lab leak’ of ancient microorganisms generate risks of biological invasions for today’s ecological communities, including threats to human health via exposure to emergent pathogens. Whether and how such ‘time-travelling’ invaders could establish in modern communities is unclear, and existing data are too scarce to test hypotheses. To quantify the risks of time-travelling invasions, we isolated digital virus-like pathogens from the past records of coevolved artificial life communities and studied their simulated invasion into future states of the community. We then investigated how invasions affected diversity of the free-living bacteria-like organisms (i.e., hosts) in recipient communities compared to controls where no invasion occurred (and control invasions of contemporary pathogens). Invading pathogens could often survive and continue evolving, and in a few cases (3.1%) became exceptionally dominant in the invaded community. Even so, invaders often had negligible effects on the invaded community composition; however, in a few, highly unpredictable cases (1.1%), invaders precipitated either substantial losses (up to -32%) or gains (up to +12%) in the total richness of free-living species compared to controls. Given the sheer abundance of ancient microorganisms regularly released into modern communities, such a low probability of outbreak events still presents substantial risks. Our findings therefore suggest that unpredictable threats so far confined to science fiction and conjecture could in fact be powerful drivers of ecological change.
Survival outcomes of breast cancer patients with recurrence after surgery according to period and subtype
Authors: Lee Young-jin , Yoo Tae-Kyung , Kim Jisun , Chung Il Yong , Ko Beom Seok , Kim Hee Jeong , Lee Jong Won , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Lee Sae Byul
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To analyze and compare the survival rates of recurrent breast cancer patients in Korea between two periods (period I: 2000–2007; period II: 2008–2013) and to identify the factors associated with outcomes and changes over time in the duration of survival after recurrence.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 2,407 patients who had recurrent breast cancer with treated between January 2000 and December 2013 and divided them into two periods according to the year of recurrence. We reviewed the age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations, pathology report, surgical methods, types of adjuvant treatment, type of recurrence, and follow-up period.

Results

The median follow-up was 30.6 months (range, 0–223.4) from the time of relapse, and the median survival time was 42.3 months. Survival after recurrence (SAR) significantly improved from 38.0 months in period I to 49.7 months in period II (p < 0.001). In the analysis performed according to the hormone receptor and HER2 status subtypes, all subtypes except the triple-negative subtype showed higher SAR in period II than period I. Age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and treatment after recurrence were significantly correlated with survival outcomes.

Conclusion

The survival outcomes of Korean patients with breast cancer after the first recurrence have improved in Korea. Such improvements may be attributed to advances in treatment.
Optimal selection of resampling methods for imbalanced data with high complexity
Authors: Kim Annie , Jung Inkyung
Published: July 2023

Class imbalance is a major problem in classification, wherein the decision boundary is easily biased toward the majority class. A data-level solution (resampling) is one possible solution to this problem. However, several studies have shown that resampling methods can deteriorate the classification performance. This is because of the overgeneralization problem, which occurs when samples produced by the oversampling technique that should be represented in the minority class domain are introduced into the majority-class domain. This study shows that the overgeneralization problem is aggravated in complex data settings and introduces two alternate approaches to mitigate it. The first approach involves incorporating a filtering method into oversampling. The second approach is to apply undersampling. The main objective of this study is to provide guidance on selecting optimal resampling methods in imbalanced and complex datasets to improve classification performance. Simulation studies and real data analyses were performed to compare the resampling results in various scenarios with different complexities, imbalances, and sample sizes. In the case of noncomplex datasets, undersampling was found to be optimal. However, in the case of complex datasets, applying a filtering method to delete misallocated examples was optimal. In conclusion, this study can aid researchers in selecting the optimal method for resampling complex datasets.
Genomic characterization and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 4 clonal complex 94 recovered from human and swine samples
Authors: Hatrongjit Rujirat , Boueroy Parichart , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Meekhanon Nattakan , Chopjitt Peechanika , Zheng Han , Fittipaldi Nahuel , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri , Segura Mariela , Gottschalk Marcelo , Kerdsin Anusak
Published: July 2023

Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Herein, we performed genomic analysis of seven S. suis serotype 4 strains belonging to clonal complex (CC) 94 that were recovered from a human patient or from diseased and clinically healthy pigs. Genomic exploration and comparisons, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity tests, indicated that S. suis CC94 serotype 4 strains are potentially virulent. Genomic analysis revealed that all seven strains clustered within minimum core genome group 3 (MCG-3) and had a high number of virulence-associated genes similar to those of virulent serotype 2 strains. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and HeLa cells rapidly lost viability following incubation for 4 h with the strains at a concentration of 106 bacterial cells. The human serotype 4 strain (ID36054) decreased cell viability profoundly and similarly to the control serotype 2 strain P1/7. In addition, strain ST1689 (ID34572), isolated from a clinically healthy pig, presented similar behaviour in an adenocarcinoma cell line and HeLa cells. The antimicrobial resistance genes tet(O) and ermB that confer resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides were commonly found in the strains. However, aminoglycoside and streptothricin resistance genes were found only in certain strains in this study. Our results indicate that S. suis CC94 serotype 4 strains are potentially pathogenic and virulent and should be monitored.
Assessing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Nursing Practice Readiness Scale among Saudi nursing students
Authors: Alquwez Nahed , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Balay-odao Ejercito
Published: July 2023

Readiness to practice nursing is essential for nursing students to ensure that they are conscientious, have a sense of responsibility, and are rational in performing their clinical practice. This study tested the psychometric properties of the “Nursing Practice Readiness Scale” Arabic version (NPRS-A) to assess Saudi nursing students’ readiness to practice nursing in clinical settings. This study used a methodological design to examine the psychometric properties of the NPRS-A among 373 nursing students in Saudi Arabia. The findings provide evidence of the NPRS-A’s good content validity. The PCA revealed five distinct components with a "cumulative variance explained" of 69.2%. The test of difference on the nursing practice preparedness between students from different levels showed that students in the 2nd year were less prepared than junior and senior nursing students. The correlation test showed that a higher GPA and higher self-reported readiness are more ready to practice nursing in clinical settings. The research showed an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.957. The establishment of the NPRS-A is significant, not only in Saudi Arabia but other Arabic-speaking countries. Nurse educators and nursing education policymakers can use this version to assess nursing students’ learning needs to be prepared to practice nursing.
Long-term statin therapy is associated with severe coronary artery calcification
Authors: Ngamdu Kyari Sumayin , Ghosalkar Dhairyasheel S. , Chung Hojune E. , Christensen Jared L. , Lee Cadence , Butler Celia A. , Ho Tiffany , Chu Alice , Heath Jacob R. , Baig Muhammad , Wu Wen-Chih , Choudhary Gaurav , Morrison Alan R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Atherosclerosis and consequent risk of cardiovascular events or mortality can be accurately assessed by quantifying coronary artery calcium score (CACS) derived from computed tomography. HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins) are the primary pharmacotherapy used to reduce cardiovascular events, yet there is growing data that support statin use may increase coronary calcification. We set out to determine the likelihood of severe CACS in the context of chronic statin therapy.

Methods

We established a retrospective, case-control study of 1,181 U.S. veterans without coronary artery disease (CAD) from a single site, the Providence VA Medical Center. Duration of statin therapy for primary prevention was divided into 5-year categorical increments. The primary outcome was CACS derived from low-dose lung cancer screening computed tomography (LCSCT), stratified by CACs severity (none = 0; mild = 1–99; moderate = 100–399; and severe ≥400 AU). Statin duration of zero served as the referent control. Ordinal logistic regression analysis determined the association between duration of statin use and CACS categories. Proportional odds assumption was tested using likelihood ratio test. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score, body mass index, and CKD (glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) were included in the adjustment models.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 64.7±7.2 years, and 706 (60%) patients were prescribed a statin at baseline. Duration of statin therapy was associated with greater odds of having increased CACS (>0–5 years, OR: 1.71 [CI: 1.34–2.18], p<0.001; >5–10 years, OR: 2.80 [CI: 2.01–3.90], p<0.001; >10 years, OR: 5.30 [CI: 3.23–8.70], p<0.001), and the relationship between statin duration and CACS remained significant after multivariate adjustment (>0–5 years, OR: 1.49 [CI: 1.16–1.92], p = 0.002; >5–10 years, OR: 2.38 [CI: 1.7–3.35], p<0.001; >10 years, OR: 4.48 [CI: 2.7–7.43], p<0.001).

Conclusions

Long-term use of statins is associated with increased likelihood of severe CACS in patients with significant smoking history. The use of CACS to interpret cardiovascular event risk may require adjustment in the context of chronic statin therapy.
Research on oil boom performance based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Jiao Peigang , Xu Yuntao
Published: July 2023

To address the issues of fluid-solid coupling, instability in the liquid two-phase flow, poor computational efficiency, treating the free surface as a slip wall, and neglecting the movement of oil booms in simulating oil spill containment, this study adopts the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to establish a numerical model for solid-liquid coupling and liquid two-phase flow, specifically designed for oil boom containment and control. The DualSPHysics solver is employed for numerical simulations, incorporating optimized SPH techniques and eight different skirt configurations of the oil boom into the numerical model of two-phase liquid interaction. By setting relevant parameters in the SPH code to enhance computational efficiency, the variations in centroid, undulation, and stability of undulation velocity for different oil boom shapes are observed. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved oil boom exhibits superior oil containment performance. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the design of oil boom skirt structures.
OLHARES DE GˆˆÊNERO SOBRE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19:
Authors: Woitowicz Karina Jans , Laroca Valéria
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa de Iniciação Científica realizada junto ao Grupo de Pesquisa Jornalismo e Gênero da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa que teve como tema a cobertura jornalística de veículos com viés feminista sobre o período da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil. Foram analisadas de forma qualitativa 32 reportagens produzidas pelo portal AzMina e 8 reportagens do Think Olga de janeiro a dezembro de 2020, a partir de critérios envolvendo aspectos próprios das produções. A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal demonstrar como o jornalismo alternativo e com enfoque de gênero atuou na cobertura da Covid-19, construindo narrativas sobre as mulheres com abordagem interseccional.
Thermal Analysis of Advance Ceramic Coated Piston for IC Engine
Authors: Borthakur Pragyan , Bahl Siddhant
Published: July 2023

This research paper aims to investigate the temperature and stress distributions in a plasma-sprayed Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating on an AlSi alloy piston head in order to enhance the performance of a Hyundai Creta 1.5L CRDi Engine's piston. The analysis is conducted using Ansys, a finite element-based software. The Yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic coating, with thicknesses of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.6 mm, is applied on the Al-Si piston crown. The effects of coating thickness on temperature and thermal stress distributions are examined by comparing the results with those obtained from an uncoated piston using the finite element method. The analysis using Ansys facilitates improvements in thermal efficiency and a reduction in harmful emissions.
Pirates of the Sulu Sea: Experiences of shipping companies in Zamboanga City, Philippines
Authors: Atilano-Tang Lesley Ann
Published: July 2023

This study examines the experiences of shipping companies operating in Zamboanga City in the face of piracy incidents in the Sulu Sea. Through an empirical investigation of actual data collected from interviews and surveys conducted with key stakeholders, this research sheds light on the challenges faced by shipping companies and provides insights into effective strategies for mitigating piracy risks. The research findings reveal a significant prevalence of piracy incidents in the Sulu Sea, causing substantial disruptions to shipping operations. The study identifies key challenges faced by shipping companies, including the safety of crews and vessels, financial losses, and reputational damage. Additionally, the research highlights the impact of piracy on regional economic development, trade routes, and overall security in the area. Based on the analysis of the data, this study puts forth a set of recommendations to address the piracy challenges in the Sulu Sea. These recommendations include enhancing maritime security cooperation, investing in advanced surveillance technologies, implementing targeted risk assessment and management strategies, strengthening legal and judicial frameworks, and promoting public-private partnerships. This research contributes to the existing knowledge on maritime security and provides practical insights for policymakers, maritime authorities, and shipping companies in developing effective countermeasures against piracy in the Sulu Sea.
DIY Time Machine
Authors: Gatti Riccardo
Published: July 2023

In this paper we propose an operative model to measure the relativistic time dilatation using an harmonic oscillator from an audio woofer. The experimental approach involves the construction of a high frequency and high amplitude oscillator. It turn out that given an oscillating woofer at frequency 200Hz and amplitude 0.06m, therelativistic time dilatation is 11.86fs/s≈1ns/day..
The role of Salicylic acid on plant growth and longevity
Authors: Lin Xin , Huang Jing , Yang Emily
Published: July 2023

Plants can produce and store salicylic acid, which activates their systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and increases their pathogenesis-related protein production. For agricultural crops, salicylic acid could possibly replace toxic chemicals and anti-pathogenic agents, which may harm humans and animals, yet still allow them to combat mold and other pathogens and grow more efficiently. To test the effect from adding salicylic acid, both species received 0.0 to 0.0033 M salicylic acid during regular watering. In Trial 1, for eight weeks, six groups of 10

Nemophilia menziesii ("Baby Blue Eyes") plants received 15 mL/day of salicylic acid solution. Concentrations <0.00066 M increased

Nemophilia menziesii growth more than for those receiving tap water. In Trial 2, six groups of 12

Phaseolus vulgaria (snap beans) each received 150 mL/day of salicylic acid solution for three weeks under high humidity (> 95%) at 24°C to promote blue mold (

Penicillium expansum) growth. Concentrations of salicylic acid > 0.00066 M increased the

Phaseolus vulgaria growth and longevity more than for other plants. In future tests, the time over which the experiment runs should be extended. Salicylic acid and enzyme synthesis mechanisms related to SAR should be examined in each plant at several points during the experiment.
СОСТОЯНИЕ ЭНТЕРОПАНКРЕАТИЧЕСКОЙ ГОРМОНАЛЬНОЙ ОСИ У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ
С РАЗНЫМ СРОКОМ РАЗВИТИЯ ГЕСТАЦИОННОГО САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА
Authors: Ушанова Ф. О. , Демидова Т. Ю.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: сравнительная оценка динамики секреции гормонов энтеропанкреатической оси на фоне пи-

щевой нагрузки у беременных с разным сроком развития гестационного сахарного диабета (ГСД).

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование включена 91 беременная с ГСД. Всем исследуемым натощак

(в момент 0 мин) и постпрандиально (смешанный комплексный завтрак белки/жиры/углеводы (г)/ккал =

17,86/15,45/42,32 г/382,0 ккал) определялись уровни глюкагона и глюкагоноподобного гормона-1 (ГПП-1)

(через 30 минут), инсулина, С-пептида (через 120 минут). Для проведения сравнительного анализа динами-

ки гормональных показателей беременные были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от срока развития

ГСД: < 24 нед (n=65), ≥24 нед (n=26). Статистический анализ проводили с помощью пакета прикладных

программ STATISTICA v.10 (разработка StatSoft.Inc, США).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: сравнительная оценка динамики гормональных показателей у беременных с разными

сроками проявления ГСД представлена в таблице:ВЫВОДЫ: ГСД характеризуется нарушением постпрандиальной секреции ГПП-1, особенно при более

позднем проявлении заболевания, поскольку у многих отмечалось парадоксальное снижение его уровня

после приема пищи. Также не отмечено значимого снижения секреции глюкагона как в группах раннего,

так и позднего дебюта ГСД и парадоксальный постпрандиальный прирост секреции глюкагона у большин-

ства женщин.
ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДРЕНАЖНОЙ ХИРУРГИИ ВТОРИЧНОЙ НЕОВАСКУЛЯРНОЙ
ГЛАУКОМЫ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ
Authors: Липатов Д. В. , Билетская В. А. , Толкачева А. А. , Чистяков Т. А.
Published: July 2023

«Триумфальное шествие» сахарного диабета (СД) по всему миру и огромное количество его осложнений

обуславливают актуальность проведенного исследования. Одним из тяжелых осложнений пролифератив-

ной диабетической ретинопатии (ДР) явняется неоваскулярная глаукома (НГ). В настоящее время НГ и ее

осложнения остаются одними из основных причин потери зрения у пациентов с СД и пролиферативной ДР.

ЦЕЛЬ: оценить отдаленные результаты дренажной хирургии вторичной НГ, проанализировать структуру

осложнений в позднем послеоперационном периоде (вплоть до 15 лет нпаблюдения).

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: за период 2006-2022 гг. включительно в отделении «Диабетической рети-

нопатии и офтальмохирургии» ГНЦ ФГБУ «НМИЦ Эндокринологии» МЗ России были прооперированы

150 пациентов (152 глаза) с НГ, средний возраст которых составил 68.2±3.7 лет, продолжительность диабе-

та – 16.5±4.3 лет, уровень гликированного гемоглобина до операции – 9.7±1.7%. Всем пациентам была вы-

полнена антиглаукомная дренирующая операция с имплантацией клапанов Ахмеда (138 глаз) и Мольтено

(14 глаз). Статистические данные по пациентам с дренажом Мольтено в учет не принимались из-за малого

числа пациентов и, в связи с этим, статистической недостоверности результатов.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: у всех пациентов (100%) в послеоперационном периоде был купирован болевой син-

дром и в 115 случаях (76%) получено стойкое снижение внутриглазного давления (ВГД). В 4 случаях (3%)

была получена стойкая гипотония глазного яблока из-за цилиохориоидальной отслойки, которая была

купирована медикаментозными средствами. В оставшихся 34 случаях (22%) ВГД не было компенсировано

и оставалось повышенным (но не превышало 35 мм рт.ст.), что потребовало установку дополнительного

клапана (2 случая), назначения комбинированной медикаментозной терапии (7 пациентов) и выполнения

контактной трансклеральной диод-лазерной циклокоагуляции (КТДЛЦ) - 26 пациентов.

В раннем п/о периоде отмечались: гифема (23%), катаракта (10%), мелкая передняя камера (4%), заку-

порка дренажа (3%) и цилиохориоидальная отслойка (4%). В позднем п/о периоде были диагностированы:

захват радужки (2%), обнажение дренажной трубки (2%), сосудистое бельмо роговицы (18%) и эпители-

ально-эндотелиальная дистрофия роговицы (19%).

ВЫВОДЫ: несмотря на наличие серьезных осложнений, дренажная хирургия НГ у пациентов с СД

продолжает оставаться эффективным методом выбора хирургического лечения пациентов с некомпен-

сированной НГ.