bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organocatalytic atroposelective synthesis of naphthoquinone thioglycosides from aryl-naphthoquinones and thiosugars
Authors: Wu Yuling , Zhou Wu-Jingyun , Yao Laiping , Niu Yadi , Zhao Hongli , Peng Cheng , Han Bo , Huang Wei , Zhan Gu
Published: May 2023

A stereoselective organocatalytic strategy was developed to synthesize the axially chiral naphthoquinone thioglycosides from aryl-naphthoquinones and thiosugars. The reaction pathway involves atroposelective addition and stereoretentive oxidation.
Metal-free catalytic hydroboration of imine with pinacolborane using a pincer-type phosphorus compound: mechanistic insight and improvement of the reaction
Authors: Yang Deshuai , Zhang Shuoqi , Zeng Guixiang , Chen Zhao-Xu
Published: May 2023

Imine hydroboration catalyzed by pincer-phosphorus (P) compounds occursviathe P-ligand cooperative function. The resting state is largely suppressed by introducing planar ligand framework with steric-demanding substituents, and thus improves the reaction efficiency.
Does vitamin D have a potential role in precocious puberty? A meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Caihong , Zhang Xingwei , Yan Feifei , Cui Yani , Song Yuan , Yan Shoumeng , Cui Weiwei
Published: May 2023

Lower level of vitamin D could increase the risk of precocious puberty.
Correction: Lithium-mediated electrochemical dinitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Saqlain , Ruan Yukun , Iftikhar Ramsha , Khan Faiza Zahid , Li Weixiang , Hao Leiduan , Robertson Alex W. , Percoco Gianluca , Sun Zhenyu
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘Lithium-mediated electrochemical dinitrogen reduction reaction’ by Muhammad Saqlain Iqbal et al., Ind. Chem. Mater., 2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3IM00006K.
Abnormal in-plane epitaxy and formation mechanism of vertically aligned Au nanopillars in self-assembled CeO2–Au metamaterial systems
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Zhang Di , Paldi Robynne L. , He Zihao , Lu Ping , Deitz Julia , Ahmad Ahmad , Dou Hongyi , Wang Xuejing , Liu Juncheng , Hu Zedong , Yang Bo , Zhang Xinghang , El-Azab Anter A , Wang Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Metamaterials present great potential in the applications of solar cells and nanophotonics, such as super lenses and other meta devices, owing to their superior optical properties.
A kinetic study of thiol addition to N-phenylchloroacetamide
Authors: Watt Sarah K. I. , Charlebois Janique G. , Rowley Christopher N. , Keillor Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2023

Experimental evidence is provided for an SN2 mechanism of thiol addition to the N-phenylchloroacetamide warhead, and a detailed comparison of intrinsic reactivity is performed against conventional acrylamide derivatives.
Engineering heterostructured Ti4O5/BaTiO3 ferroelectric by surface reconstruction for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Su Ran , Sun Zhitong , He Chao , Wei Suna , Chen Lanju , Zhang Dawei , Wang Zhipeng , An Xingtao , Li Fatang
Published: May 2023

The epitaxial ferroelectric heterostructure Ti4O5/BaTiO3 is constructed by surface reconstruction engineering, which induces the band bending of Ti4O5 and improves the photoexcited electron–hole pair separation and CO2 reduction performance.
Ruthenium-catalyzed intermolecular alkene–alkyne couplings in biologically relevant media
Authors: Gutiérrez-González Alejandro , Marcos-Atanes Daniel , Cool Leonard G. , López Fernando , Mascareñas José L.
Published: May 2023

The ruthenium catalyzed coupling between alkenes and alkynes, originally developed in organic solvents, can be efficiently promoted in aqueous and biorelevant environments, in high yields and with good to excellent selectivities.
A perspective on task-specific ionic liquids for the separation of rare earth elements
Authors: Do-Thanh Chi-Linh , Luo Huimin , Dai Sheng
Published: May 2023

Herein, we review recent advances in liquid–liquid extraction systems using task-specific ionic liquids as extractants for the separation of rare earth elements.
TLWSR: Weakly supervised real‐world scene text image super‐resolution using text label
Authors: Shi Qin , Zhu Yu , Fang Chuantao , Yang Dawei
Published: May 2023

Scene text image super‐resolution (STISR) has recently received considerable attention. Existing STISR methods are applicable to the situation that all the LR‐HR pairs are available. However, in real‐world scenarios, it is difficult and expensive to collect ground‐truth HR labels and align them with LR images, and thus it is essential to find a way to implement weakly supervised learning. We investigate the STISR problem in the situation that only a subset of HR labels is available and design a weak supervision framework using coarse‐grained text labels named TLWSR, which combines incomplete supervision and inexact supervision. Specifically, a lightweight text recognition network and connectionist temporal classification loss are used to guide the super‐resolution of text images during training. Extensive experiments on the benchmark TextZoom demonstrate that TLWSR generates distinguishable text images and exceeds the fully supervised baseline TSRN in boosting text recognition accuracywith only 50% HR labels available. Meanwhile, TLWSR can be applied to different super‐resolution backbones and significantly improves their performance. Furthermore, TLWSR shows good generalization capability to low‐quality images on scene text recognition benchmarks, which verifies the effectiveness of this framework. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work exploring the problem of STISR in weakly supervised scenarios.
Die Blut-Augen-Schranken und ihre Störungen: Anatomie, Physiologie, Pathologie
Authors: Braunger Barbara M. , Gießl Andreas , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula
Published: May 2023

Die Blut-Augen-Schranken, bestehend aus Blut-Kammerwasser-Schranke (BKS) und Blut-Retina-Schranke (BRS), bilden eine selektiv permeable physiologische Barriere zwischen der stark
vaskularisierten Uvea und dem Vorderkammer- und Glaskörperraum sowie der sensorischen Netzhaut aus. Diese Barrieren schützen vor dem Eindringen von Toxinen und Krankheitserregern aus dem
Blutkreislauf, kontrollieren den Protein- und Flüssigkeitshaushalt und tragen aktiv zum Erhalt des okulären Immunprivilegs bei. Morphologisches Korrelat der Blut-Augen-Schranken sind Tight
Junctions zwischen benachbarten Endothel- und Epithelzellen, die den Interzellularraum abdichten und eine unkontrollierte parazelluläre Diffusion von Molekülen verhindern. Die BKS besteht
aus den Tight Junctions der Endothelzellen der Irisgefäße, der Endothelzellen der Innenwand des Schlemm-Kanals und der Epithelzellen des unpigmentierten Ziliarepithels; die BRS setzt sich
aus den Tight Junctions der Endothelzellen der retinalen Gefäße (innere BRS) und des retinalen Pigmentepithels (äußere BRS) zusammen. Während endotheliale Schranken eine absolute
immunologische Barriere darstellen, fungieren epitheliale Schranken als immunregulatorische „Gatekeeper“, die Leukozyten kontrolliert passieren lassen. Funktionelle Störungen der
Blut-Augen-Schranken, klinisch messbar mittels Laser-Flare-Photometrie oder Fluorophotometrie, können im Rahmen traumatischer, entzündlicher und infektiöser Prozesse auftreten, sind aber
auch an der Pathophysiologie chronischer Erkrankungen des vorderen Augenabschnitts, wie Glaukom, und der Netzhaut, wie diabetischer Retinopathie und altersbedingter Makuladegeneration,
zentral beteiligt.
Effect of Calcium Channel Blocker on Labor Curve in Pregnant Individuals with Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Barake Carole , Seagraves Elizabeth , Huang Jim C. , Baraki Dana , Donaldson Thomas , Abuhamad Alfred , Kawakita Tetsuya
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to compare the labor progress between individuals who received calcium channel blocker (CCB) and those who did not receive CCB during labor.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of individuals with chronic hypertension who underwent vaginal delivery at a tertiary care center from January 2010 to December 2020. We excluded individuals with prior uterine surgeries and a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 5. We used a repeated-measures regression with a third-order polynomial function to compare the average labor curves according to antihypertensive medication. Estimates of the median (5th–95th percentile) traverse times between two dilations were computed using interval-censored regression.

Results Of 285 individuals with chronic hypertension, 88 (30.9%) received CCB. Individuals who received CCB during labor compared with those who did not were more likely to deliver at earlier gestational age and to have pregestational diabetes and superimposed preeclampsia (p  < 0.01). The progress of labor in the latent phase was not found to be significantly different between both groups (median: 11.51 vs. 8.74 hours; p = 0.08). However, after stratification by parity, nulliparous individuals who received CCB during labor were more likely to have a longer latent phase of labor (median: 14.4 vs. 8.5 hours; p  = 0.03)

Conclusion A calcium channel blocker may slow the latent phase of labor in individuals with chronic hypertension. Aiming to minimize intrapartum iatrogenic interventions, allowing adequate time for pregnant individuals during the latent phase of labor is especially important if individuals are on a calcium channel blocker.

Key Points
Nasopalpebral Lipoma sine Coloboma Syndrome—First Case Report
Authors: Cheruvu Ved Prakash Rao , Khan Manal M. , Arora Madhuri , Chaudary Vikas
Published: May 2023

The nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome was described for the first time in 1982. It is an autosomal dominant syndrome with complete penetrance and is characterized by features like congenital symmetric upper eyelid and nasopalpebral lipomas, bilateral symmetric upper and lower eyelid colobomas, broad forehead, widow's peak, abnormal eyebrow pattern, telecanthus, broad nasal bridge, maxillary hypoplasia, and ophthalmological abnormalities. We report a case of a milder variant of the nasopalpebral lipoma-coloboma syndrome that we have termed “nasopalpebral lipoma sine coloboma syndrome.” Such a milder variant is not reported hitherto in the literature. We also describe the surgical correction of the deformity in a case that presented in adulthood, with a satisfactory and pleasing aesthetic outcome.
Salvage Options for the Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)
Authors: Brash Andrew , Robin Joseph X. , Kugelman David , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: May 2023

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been referred to as the operation of the century given its success and predictable improvement in quality of life. With the increase in number of THAs performed every year, there is a concomitant rise in the incidence of revision and re-revision surgeries. Failure of THA and revision hip arthroplasty may occur due to a variety of reasons, often in older patients with multiple comorbidities. Revision procedures in this setting are associated with worse outcomes as they are often complicated by limited bone stock and poor soft tissue and bone quality, making reconstruction more challenging. The purpose of this review is to discuss modern techniques for limb salvage following failed THA in the setting of significant bone loss. These include proximal femur replacement, total femur replacement, hip resection arthroplasty, and hip disarticulation.
The Bikini Approach is Safe and Effective for Direct Anterior Approach THA
Authors: Weiner Travis R. , Neuwirth Alexander L. , Geller Jeffrey A. , Shah Roshan P. , Hickernell Thomas R. , Cooper H. John
Published: May 2023

Conventional incision orientation for direct anterior approach (DAA) total hip arthroplasty (THA) is longitudinal, paralleling fibers of the tensor fascia latae. Alternatively, a “bikini” incision can be oriented along Langer's lines. We sought to determine if there were any differences in surgical site complications (SSCs), mechanical complications, or reoperation between longitudinal and bikini DAA. We retrospectively reviewed 420 consecutive primary DAA THA by a single surgeon over a 2-year period. The surgeon was experienced with both incision orientations. Complications were recorded by chart review. Chi-square tests were used to examine for differences between categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables. Longitudinal incisions were used in 320 patients (76.2%) while bikini incisions were used in 100 patients (23.8%). Women were significantly more likely to have a bikini incision (39.1% vs. 5.8%; p < 0.00001). Across the entire cohort, patients undergoing THA through either longitudinal or bikini incision had comparable rates of SSCs (4.7% vs. 5.0%; p = 0.90). With longitudinal incisions, SSCs were more likely to occur in obese patients compared with nonobese patients (8.3% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.04). With bikini incisions, there was no difference in the rate of SSCs between obese and nonobese patients (4.0% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.79). There were no differences in mechanical complications or rates of reoperation (0.3% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.58). Both longitudinal and bikini incisions are safe and effective ways to perform the DAA for primary THA, with no differences in rates of SSCs, mechanical complications, or reoperation. For obese patients in this series, the bikini incision was associated with a lower rate of SSCs but requires future study due to dissimilar study groups.
Using the interest theory of rights and Hohfeldian taxonomy to address a gap in machine learning methods for legal document analysis
Authors: Izzidien Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Rights and duties are essential features of legal documents. Machine learning algorithms have been increasingly applied to extract information from such texts. Currently, their main focus is on named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and the classification of court cases to predict court outcome. In this paper it is argued that until the essential features of such texts are captured, their analysis can remain bottle-necked by the very technology being used to assess them. As such, the use of legal theory to identify the most pertinent dimensions of such texts is proposed. Specifically, the interest theory of rights, and the first-order Hohfeldian taxonomy of legal relations. These principal legal dimensions allow for a stratified representation of knowledge, making them ideal for the abstractions needed for machine learning. This study considers how such dimensions may be identified. To do so it implements a novel heuristic based in philosophy coupled with language models. Hohfeldian relations of ‘rights-duties’ vs. ‘privileges-no-rights’ are determined to be identifiable. Classification of each type of relation to accuracies of 92.5% is found using Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Testing is carried out on religious discrimination policy texts in the United Kingdom.
Quasi-relativistic approach to analytical gradients of parity violating potentials
Authors: Brück Sascha A. , Sahu Nityananda , Gaul Konstantin , Berger Robert
Published: May 2023

An analytic gradient approach for the computation of derivatives of parity-violating (PV) potentials with respect to displacements of the nuclei in chiral molecules is described and implemented within a quasirelativistic mean-field framework. Calculated PV potential gradients are utilized for estimating PV frequency splittings between enantiomers in rotational and vibrational spectra of four chiral polyhalomethanes, i.e., CHBrClF, CHClFI, CHBrFI, and CHAtFI. Values calculated within the single-mode approximation for frequency shifts agree well with previously reported theoretical values. The influence of non-separable anharmonic effects (multi-mode effects) on vibrational frequency shifts, which are readily accessible with the present analytic derivative approach, is estimated for the C–F stretching fundamental of all four molecules and computed for each of the fundamentals in CHBrClF and CHAtFI. Multi-mode effects are found to be significant, in particular, for C–F stretching modes, being for some modes and cases of similar size as the single-mode contribution.
Effect of Co doping on structural and magnetic properties of kagome like La based cuprate francisite Cu3La(SeO3)2O2Cl
Authors: Manna P. , Kanthal S. , Ahmed Md. A. , Banerjee A. , Adhikary S. , Kanungo S. , Yadav A. K. , Jha S. N. , Bhattacharyya D. , Bandyopadhyay S.
Published: May 2023

The effects of Co doping on the structural and magnetic properties of a frustrated layered rare earth based synthetic analog of mineral francisite [Cu3La(SeO3)2O2Cl;(LaCufr)] have been investigated experimentally with a prior theoretical input. We have estimated intra-layer and inter-layer exchange interactions from density functional theory, which reveals the strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) nature of the studied compounds. 10 at. % Co-doped CuLafr confirms incorporation of Co2+ at the Cu2+ site with the local environment around dopant Co nearly similar around that of host Cu. An observed field-induced meta-magnetic transition and a spin reorientation transition have been interpreted considering magnetic exchange interactions. Co-doped LaCufr exhibits a decrease in the AFM ordering temperature and the critical field corresponding to a meta-magnetic spin-flip type transition. The competition and modulation among different intra-layer exchange interactions upon incorporation of Co into the Cu site may lead to such situations. The evidence of spin–phonon coupling from Raman analysis in both compounds is noteworthy and enriches their magnetic properties.
Oscillatory behaviors of multiple shock waves to upstream disturbances
Authors: James Jintu K
Published: May 2023

The oscillatory response of multiple shock waves to upstream disturbances in a supersonic flow is studied numerically in a constant area rectangular duct. The flow is accelerated through a nozzle with an exit Mach number of 1.75 and continues in the constant area duct, where multiple shock waves are formed. To investigate the effect of upstream disturbance on shock oscillations, three parameters are varied systematically: upstream turbulent intensity, frequency of upstream pressure fluctuation, and amplitude of upstream pressure fluctuation. The wall shear stress variation along the duct length provides the location of separation and reattachment points in the flow field. The wall pressure frequency spectra were used to investigate the low-frequency unsteadiness in shock oscillations. The power spectral density of the wall static pressure and the probability density function (PDF) of shock location are analyzed, and the results suggest that as the upstream turbulent intensity is increased, the dominant frequency of oscillation is increased and the shock oscillations become more symmetrical. As the upstream disturbance frequency is increased, the shock oscillations become more symmetrical and follow the Gaussian curve closely. The shock wave oscillates with the same upstream excitation frequency when the upstream disturbance amplitude is increased. At large values of upstream disturbance amplitude, the PDF shows a large deviation from the Gaussian, and the rms amplitude of shock oscillation increases monotonously. At higher amplitudes of upstream disturbance excitation, the traces of shock train leading-edge location display path-dependence characteristics.
Analysis of demand, generation, and emission for long-term sustainable power system planning using LEAP: The case of Bangladesh
Authors: Sahabuddin Md. , Khan Imran
Published: May 2023

The availability of quality power is a foremost need for a nation's sustainable development. The government of Bangladesh has the vision to be a high-income country by 2041. To meet the power challenges in the near future associated with the vision, there should be a well-planned master plan for the power system. Bangladesh has a power system master plan (PSMP) up to 2041. However, it is unclear whether the PSMP is the most adaptable plan considering different power generation scenarios by considering the demand, generation, and emissions. Hence, the long-range energy alternative planning (LEAP) tool is employed for scenario analyses of Bangladesh's electricity sector from 2022 to 2041. On the demand side, the final electricity demand has been projected as 335.25, 314.76, 376.59, and 398.10 TWh in 2041 for business-as-usual (BAU), low growth (LG), medium growth (MG), and high growth (HG) scenarios, respectively. Considering technical and environmental parameters, eight generation scenarios are also analyzed on the supply side. The analysis projected 58,230 MW capacity for BAU and LG under P1 to P8 generation scenarios and 68,830 MW capacity for MG and HG under Q1–Q8 generation scenarios in 2041. In terms of emission in 2041, 167.4 and 165 MMt CO2 equivalent are found for the P8 scenario in the case of BAU and LG. In Q8, for MG and HG, the emissions are found to be 206.5 and 209.4 MMt CO2 equivalent, respectively. The generation scenarios of P8 for BAU and LG and Q8 for MG and HG are found to be suitable ones with respect to energy reliability and reduced emission. A similar analysis could also be performed to identify suitable power generation plans for other developing countries.
Do patients with mental health and substance use conditions experience discrimination and diagnostic overshadowing in primary care in Aotearoa New Zealand? Results from a national online survey
Authors: Cunningham Ruth , Imlach Fiona , Lockett Helen , Lacey Cameron , Haitana Tracy , Every-Palmer Susanna , Clark Mau Te Rangimarie , Peterson Debbie
Published: May 2023

Introduction Quality of health care contributes to poor physical health outcomes for people with mental health and substance use conditions (MHSUC). AIM This study investigated experiences of people with MHSUC who sought help for a physical health condition in primary healthcare services, examining quality of care attributes. Methods An online survey of adults currently or recently accessing services for MHSUC was fielded in 2022. Respondents were recruited nationally through mental health, addiction and lived experience networks and social media. The attributes of service quality assessed were relationships (respect and being listened to), discrimination due to MHSUC, and diagnostic overshadowing (MHSUC diagnosis distracted from physical health care). Results Respondents who had used primary care services were included (n = 335). The majority of respondents reported both being treated with respect (81%) and being listened to (79%) always or most of the time. A minority of respondents reported diagnostic overshadowing (20%) or discrimination due to MHSUC (10%). People with four or more diagnoses or a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia had significantly worse experiences across all quality measures. Those with a diagnosis of substance use disorders had worse experiences for diagnostic overshadowing. Māori had worse experiences for respect and diagnostic overshadowing. Conclusions Although many respondents reported good experiences in primary care, this was not the case for everyone. Quality of care was affected by type and number of diagnoses and the person’s ethnicity. Interventions to reduce stigma and diagnostic overshadowing for people with MHSUC are needed in primary care services in New Zealand.
A shared purpose: increasing environmental, community and industry resilience in the Australian rangelands through improved natural resource management
Authors: Walsh Dionne , Kohler Leanne
Published: May 2023

In October 2021, the Australian Rangeland Society jointly hosted its biennial conference with Desert Channels Queensland in Longreach, Queensland. This Special Issue of The Rangeland Journal showcases papers from the conference.
KTIG–MIG hybrid arc welding process
Authors: Xiu QingPeng , Liu ZuMing , Zhao XingChuan
Published: May 2023

Metal-inert gas welding is an important welding process but the process instability easily induces spatter and undercut defects. To improve the welding process stability, a new hybrid arc welding process, named KTIG–MIG, was proposed in this paper. Arc characteristics were preliminarily studied. It is found that in KTIG–MIG hybrid welding, MIG arc is stable even it is shielded with pure argon gas; stable spray transfer is easily achieved in a much wider process window, especially the lowest voltage to achieve spray transfer is greatly reduced; KTIG arc voltage decreases than that in single KTIG arc, and MIG arc current is higher than the pre-set value. Cooling state of the KTIG tungsten plays a key role in slowing tungsten erosion.
Tribo-mechanical performance of brake composite material: A comprehensive review
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar , Ruggiero Alessandro
Published: May 2023

The composite materials are fabricated by combining various ingredients to make higher material properties as required by various industries. The primary classification of composites is based on their build ingredients, such as binder, fibre, reinforcement and fillers. The characteristics of individual ingredients influenced the properties of composites. Further, friction materials are those composite materials efficiently used in vehicles’ braking. Researchers have tried the various formulations of friction materials because it is very significant to study the mechanism and material characteristics due to the safety measures of vehicles. The current study examines the various brake composite materials’ characteristics and their mechanical and tribological performance in this article. The tribological study includes the various terminologies used in friction and wear using pin-on-disc, dynamometer, field studies, etc. The effects of numerous elements impacting the wear of frictional materials are given, and the tribological performances of used friction materials are given the utmost attention.
Cingulin and paracingulin tether myosins-2 to junctions to mechanoregulate the plasma membrane
Authors: Rouaud Florian , Huang Wenmao , Flinois Arielle , Jain Kunalika , Vasileva Ekaterina , Di Mattia Thomas , Mauperin Marine , Parry David A.D. , Dugina Vera , Chaponnier Christine , Méan Isabelle , Montessuit Sylvie , Mutero-Maeda Annick , Yan Jie , Citi Sandra
Published: May 2023

The mechanisms that regulate the spatial sorting of nonmuscle myosins-2 (NM2) isoforms and couple them mechanically to the plasma membrane are unclear. Here we show that the cytoplasmic junctional proteins cingulin (CGN) and paracingulin (CGNL1) interact directly with NM2s through their C-terminal coiled-coil sequences. CGN binds strongly to NM2B, and CGNL1 to NM2A and NM2B. Knockout (KO), exogenous expression, and rescue experiments with WT and mutant proteins show that the NM2-binding region of CGN is required for the junctional accumulation of NM2B, ZO-1, ZO-3, and phalloidin-labeled actin filaments, and for the maintenance of tight junction membrane tortuosity and apical membrane stiffness. CGNL1 expression promotes the junctional accumulation of both NM2A and NM2B and its KO results in myosin-dependent fragmentation of adherens junction complexes. These results reveal a mechanism for the junctional localization of NM2A and NM2B and indicate that, by binding to NM2s, CGN and CGNL1 mechanically couple the actomyosin cytoskeleton to junctional protein complexes to mechanoregulate the plasma membrane.
Potentiation and depression behaviour in a two-terminal memristor based on nanostructured bilayer ZrO
x
/Au films
Authors: Profumo Filippo , Borghi Francesca , Falqui Andrea , Milani Paolo
Published: May 2023

The emulation of synaptic functions such as potentiation and depression is of strategic importance for the development of artificial neuromorphic architectures. Memristors can qualitatively reproduce the short-term plasticity behaviour of biological synapses by exploiting the gradual relaxation of resistance levels upon the removal of the switching signals. Various types of memristors based on nanofabricated metal-oxide-semiconductor stacks have been proposed for this purpose. Here we present a different fabrication approach based on cluster-assembled nanostructured zirconia and gold films (ns-Au/ZrO
x
) deposited in a bilayer planar configuration. This device shows memristive behaviour with short-term memory and potentiation/depression. The observed relaxation can be described by a stretched-exponential function. Furthermore, the characteristic time of the short-term phenomena dynamically changes under repeated pulses application. Our nanostructured device is characterised by a substantially larger conductive path length with respect to other nanoscale memristive devices; the use of a zirconia nanostructured film makes the device compatible with neuronal cell culture.
A consider unscented particle filter with genetic algorithm for UAV multi-source integrated navigation
Authors: Lou Tai-shan , Chen Nanhua , Jiao Yuzhao , Zhao Hongmei , Zhao Liangyu
Published: May 2023

The unscented particle filter (UPF) combines the advantages of both the unscented Kalman filter and particle filter (PF) algorithms. However, during the fusion of multi-source information for UAV integrated navigation, the UPF may encounter problems related to measurement biases and particle depletion. These issues can lead to algorithm results that are unsatisfactory or divergent. To address these challenges, a novel approach called the consider unscented particle filter with genetic algorithm (GA-CUPF) is proposed. The GA-CUPF algorithm incorporates covariance and co-covariance of biases into the state estimation covariance through the ‘consider’ method employed by the CUPF, and it should be noted that the biases are not estimated in this process. Moreover, the GA-CUPF algorithm enhances the importance probability density of particles to avoid the degeneracy of PF algorithm and improves particle diversity through the application of selection, crossover, and mutation methods in GA. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GA-CUPF algorithm can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of measurement biases and particle depletion that the UPF algorithm faces in the UAV navigation system. Additionally, it significantly improves the accuracy of UAV integrated navigation.
Structural and magnetic properties of BaFe9.95Al2Mg0.05O19tuned through sintering temperature
Authors: Asif Sana Ullah , Ranjha Qasim Ali , Ghori Ubaid-ur-Rehman , Alshammari Basmah H , Ahmed Fahim , Nawaz Usman , Ibrahim Fatma A , Hamdy Mohamed S
Published: May 2023

The sintering temperature is a key way to tune the structural and magnetic properties of M-type hexaferrites. Here the effect of BaFe9.95Al2Mg0.05O19M-type hexagonal Ba-hexaferrites, was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of Fe2O3impurity phases in all samples. The results showed that as the sintering temperature increased, the saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence ratio (Mr/Ms) initially increased, then decreased at higher temperatures. On the other hand, the coercivity (Hc) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy field (Ha) decreased first, then increased. The average grain size (D) consistently grew between 800–2800 nm with increase in pre-sintering temperature. The optimal magnetic properties of BaFe9.95Al2Mg0.05O19were achieved at a pre-sintering temperature of 1280 °C, with Ms = 49.94 emu g−1, Hc = 4.99 kOe, Ha = 1.5 kOe, and mB = 9.4097μB. The findings suggest that magnetic properties of M-type hexagonal strontium ferrite can be significantly enhanced by optimizing the pre-sintering temperature, which has implications for the development of high-performance self-biased circulators, Magnetic filters and other magnetic applications.
Spin-orbit coupling and electronic properties in Pt2MnGa: an ab-initio study
Authors: Kakati Bhargab , Saha Payal , Sahariah Munima B
Published: May 2023

The electronic and magnetic properties of full-Heusler alloy Pt2MnGa with and without the effect of spin–orbit coupling are studied. The calculations have been carried out using ab initio density functional theory. Both the magnetic spin orders of Pt2MnGa, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, are considered. It is found that the ferromagnetic spin arrangement is the most stable spin order at the ground state, regardless of the incorporation of spin–orbit coupling. The density of states and band structure plots are used to validate the obtained ground state structure, which is further validated by the Bader charge analysis and the charge density distribution of the individual atoms. The obtained results of magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, total magnetic moment, Curie temperature, and the spin-polarization hint at the possible application of this compound in spintronics devices such as bit-patterned media.
Entropy generation in viscous flow due to generalized exponential wall velocity and temperature
Authors: Hussain M , Mehmood A , Usman M
Published: May 2023

The study of entropy generation in convective transport processes is of current interest. For the better understanding of this phenomenon it is preferred to investigate it for those flows which admit an exact solution. This is the reason that majority of the published literature, concerning entropy generation analysis, has been done for the self-similar flows. Particular to the stretching sheet flows, which do also have important applications in industry, entropy production analysis is of particular importance. In this regard a two dimensional boundary layer flow due to an exponentially stretching wall (following generalized exponential form) has been considered in this study for the analysis of entropy generation. The stretching wall velocity and the wall temperature function have so properly been chosen that an similarity solution is possible. The modeled, equations are converted to ordinary differential equations by employing appropriate similarity transformations. These equations are solved numerically by using bvp-4c implemented in Matlab. To implement this method, differential equations are converted to set of first order equations and are solved. The problem has been analyzed for the heat transfer phenomenon and the entropy generation. The dimensionless form of entropy generation number requires m ≡ n for a similarity solution to exist. The enhancement is observed in the Nusselt number by enhancing the values of m, n, and Pr. Eventually, the entropy generation at the wall is maximum for increasing values of

m
,

n
,

and

P
r
.

However, for such a large values of of

m
,

n
,

and

P
r

the entropy profile reduces rapidly in the boundary layer thus avoiding a farther speed of entropy in the boundary layer. It is also noticed that to minimize the entropy generation across the boundary layer and also to get an enhanced rate of heat transfer some higher values of

m
,

n
,

and

P
r

must be chosen.
Describing metric-affine theories anew: alternative frameworks, examples and solutions
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos , Pallikaris Konstantinos
Published: May 2023

In this work we describe metric-affine theories anew by making a change of field variables. A series of equivalent frameworks is presented and identifications are worked out in detail. The advantage of applying the new frameworks is that any MAG theory can be handled as a Riemannian theory with additional fields. We study the Hilbert-Palatini action using the new field variables and disclose interesting symmetries under SO transformations in field space. Then, we use solvable and suitable Riemannian theories as seed models for solvable MAG theories, restricting ourselves to three examples. We present a black hole solution with torsion and non-metricity which under a certain tuning acquires a regular core. A de Sitter universe with the expansion powered by 3-form torsion, is also reported.
IP Lyn: A Totally Eclipsing Contact Binary with an Extremely Low Mass Ratio
Authors: Yin Zi-Xuan , Meng Zi-Bin , Wu Pei-Ru , Zhang Xu-Dong , Yu Yun-Xia , Hu Ke , Xiang Fu-Yuan
Published: May 2023

We present the first photometric and orbital period investigations for a neglected totally eclipsing contact binary IP Lyn. The photometric solutions derived from both ground-based and several surveys’ observations suggest that it is a shallow contact binary with an extremely low mass ratio of 0.055. The weak asymmetry observed in our multiple band light curves can be interpreted as a result of an active cool spot on the primary. The absolute physical parameters were determined with the Gaia-distance-based method and checked by an empirical relation. Combining the eclipse timings collected from the literature and those derived from our and variable surveys’ observations, we find that IP Lyn has been undergoing a secular orbital period increase for the past two decades, implying a mass transfer from the less massive secondary to the primary. By comparing the current parameters with the critical instability ones, we infer that IP Lyn is currently stable in spite of its relatively low mass ratio and orbital angular momentum. Finally, from a catalog of 117 extremely low mass ratio contact binaries, we find that their orbital angular momenta are significantly lower than those of the contact binaries with a relatively high mass ratio, suggesting they should be at the late evolutionary stage of a contact binary.
New beta primary standard (BPS2) and revised ISO 6980 at PTB
Authors: Behrens R
Published: May 2023

In this work, firstly, the main characteristics of PTB’s new beta primary standard (BPS2) are presented in comparison to its previous one (BPS1), i.e. to the Böhm chamber. Secondly, the main changes of the revised ISO standard series on beta reference radiation fields, ISO 6980, are described. Finally, the application of the revised ISO 6980 to both PTB’s new and old beta primary standard is implemented. It turns out that both devices, BPS2 and BPS1, agree on average to about ± 1 % with each other, i.e. well within their one sigma statistical uncertainties of approximately 3 % for 147Pm and 1.5 % to 1.8 % for 85Kr, 90Sr/90Y and 106Ru/106Rh radiation qualities. Therefore, as of mid-2023, PTB moved from the 2004–2006 version of ISO 6980 to the revised version from 2022 and from the old beta primary standard, BPS1 (i.e. the Böhm chamber) to the new one, BPS2.
Performance of the new RD51 VMM3a/SRS beam telescope — studying MPGDs simultaneously in energy, space and time at high rates
Authors: Scharenberg L. , Bortfeldt J. , Brunbauer F. , Desch K. , Flöthner K. , Garcia F. , Janssens D. , Lisowska M. , Muller H. , Oliveri E. , Orlandini G. , Pfeiffer D. , Ropelewski L. , Samarati J. , Sorvisto D. , van Stenis M. , Veenhof R.
Published: May 2023

The RD51 collaboration maintains a common infrastructure at CERN for its R & D
activities, including two beam telescopes for test beam campaigns. Recently, one of the beam
telescopes has been equipped and commissioned with new multi-channel and charge-sensitive
front-end electronics based on the ATLAS/BNL VMM3a front-end ASIC and the RD51 Scalable Readout
System (SRS). This allows to read out the detectors at high rates (up to the MHz regime) with
electronics time resolutions of the order of 1 ns and the ability to handle different detector
types and sizes, due to a larger dynamic range compared to the previous front-end electronics
based on the APV25 ASIC. Having studied and improved the beam telescope's performance over the
course of three test beam campaigns, the results are presented in this paper.
Nature-inspired in-flight foldable rotorcraft
Authors: Bhardwaj Hitesh , Cai Xinyu , Win Luke Soe Thura , Foong Shaohui
Published: May 2023

The paper presents a novel rotary wing platform, that is capable of folding and expanding its wings during flight. Our source of inspiration came from birds’ ability to fold their wings to navigate through small spaces and dive. The design of the rotorcraft is based on the monocopter platform, which is inspired by the flight of Samara seeds. The wings are constructed by applying origami techniques to fold them in flight. Two configurations are presented, featuring active or passive mechanisms for wing-folding depending on specific application requirements. The two configurations can reduce their overall footprint by approximately 39% and 69% while in flight. A cyclic controller is implemented for controlling the translational motion, where the direction is controlled by pulsing the motors at a specific instance during each cycle of rotation. We have presented experimental results to prove the control of our platform in different modes while in flight. The presented platforms enhance the practical uses of the monocopter platform by providing it with the ability to reduce its footprint while in flight actively, or by allowing them to dive through the air without any additional actuator.
Fertilization strategies for abating N pollution at the scale of a highly vulnerable and diverse semi-arid agricultural region (Murcia, Spain)
Authors: Sanz-Cobena Alberto , Lassaletta Luis , Rodríguez Alfredo , Aguilera Eduardo , Piñero Pablo , Moro Marta , Garnier Josette , Billen Gilles , Einarsson Rasmus , Bai Zhaohai , Ma Lin , Puigdueta Ivanka , Ruíz-Ramos Margarita , Vallejo Antonio , Zaman Mohammad , Infante-Amate Juan , Gimeno Benjamín S
Published: May 2023

Overuse of N fertilizers in crops has induced the disruption of the N cycle, triggering the release of reactive N (Nr) to the environment. Several EU policies have been developed to address this challenge, establishing targets to reduce agricultural Nr losses. Their achievement could be materialized through the introduction of fertilizing innovations such as incorporating fertilizer into soils, using urease inhibitors, or by adjusting N inputs to crop needs that could impact in both yields and environment. The Murcia region (southeastern Spain) was selected as a paradigmatic case study, since overfertilization has induced severe environmental problems in the region in the last decade, to assess the impact of a set of 8 N fertilizing alternatives on crop yields and environmental Nr losses. Some of these practices imply the reduction of N entering in crops. We followed an integrated approach analyzing the evolution of the region in the long-term (1860–2018) and considering nested spatial- (from grid to region) and systems scales (from crops to the full agro-food system). We hypothesized that, even despite reduction of N inputs, suitable solutions for the abatement of Nr can be identified without compromising crop yields. The most effective option to reduce Nr losses was removing synthetic N fertilizers, leading to 75% reductions in N surpluses mainly due to a reduction of 64% of N inputs, but with associated yield penalties (31%–35%). The most feasible alternative was the removal of urea, resulting in 19% reductions of N inputs, 15%–21% declines in N surplus, and negligible yield losses. While these measures are applied at the field scale, their potential to produce a valuable change can only be assessed at regional scale. Because of this, a spatial analysis was performed showing that largest Nr losses occurred in irrigated horticultural crops. The policy implications of the results are discussed.
A comfortable graph structure for Grover walk
Authors: Higuchi Yusuke , Sabri Mohamed , Segawa Etsuo
Published: May 2023

We consider a Grover walk model on a finite internal graph, which is connected with a finite number of semi-infinite length paths and receives the alternative inflows along these paths at each time step. After the long time scale, we know that the behavior of such a Grover walk should be stable, that is, this model has a stationary state. In this paper our objectives are to give some characterization upon the scattering of the stationary state on the surface of the internal graph and upon the energy of this state in the interior. For the scattering, we concretely give a scattering matrix, whose form is changed depending on whether the internal graph is bipartite or not. On the other hand, we introduce a comfortability function of a graph for the quantum walk, which shows how many quantum walkers can stay in the interior, and we succeed in showing the comfortability of the walker in terms of combinatorial properties of the internal graph.
Study on failure evolution of 15CrMo steel used for aviation kerosene hydrogenation unit
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Wang Xiaozhen , Cui Jingkai , Deng Wei , Yang Chao
Published: May 2023

In aviation kerosene hydrogenation unit, the 15CrMo steel with good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement performed obvious pitting corrosion with certain micro-cracks in H2/H2S environment. In this paper, the failure behavior of 15CrMo steel in H2/H2S environment had been studied using electrochemical method and microscopic morphology. The results showed that within 10 days, the 15CrMo steel performed good resistance with a smaller max pit depth (15.48 μm on the 10th day) in H2/H2S environment, proved by the passivation zone (−0.75 ∼ −0.62 V on 10th day). Furthermore, 15CrMo steel exhibited activated corrosion with a significantly increasing max pit depth and corrosion current density, especially, reaching 131.91 μm and 17.29 μA m−2 on 30th day. Moreover, the stress corrosion cracking caused by H2S appeared on 30th day.
Theoretical characterization of uncertainty in high-dimensional linear classification
Authors: Clarté Lucas , Loureiro Bruno , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka
Published: May 2023

Being able to reliably assess not only theaccuracybut also theuncertaintyof models’ predictions is an important endeavor in modern machine learning. Even if the model generating the data and labels is known, computing the intrinsic uncertainty after learning the model from a limited number of samples amounts to sampling the corresponding posterior probability measure. Such sampling is computationally challenging in high-dimensional problems and theoretical results on heuristic uncertainty estimators in high-dimensions are thus scarce. In this manuscript, we characterize uncertainty for learning from a limited number of samples of high-dimensional Gaussian input data and labels generated by the probit model. In this setting, the Bayesian uncertainty (i.e. the posterior marginals) can be asymptotically obtained by the approximate message passing algorithm, bypassing the canonical but costly Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior. We then provide a closed-form formula for the joint statistics between the logistic classifier, the uncertainty of the statistically optimal Bayesian classifier and the ground-truth probit uncertainty. The formula allows us to investigate the calibration of the logistic classifier learning from a limited amount of samples. We discuss how over-confidence can be mitigated by appropriately regularizing.
Heat-smoothing for holomorphic subalgebras of free group von Neumann algebras
Authors: Zhang Haonan
Published: May 2023

The heat semigroup on discrete hypercubes is well-known to be contractive over

L
p

L_p

-spaces for

1
>
p
>
∞

1>p>\infty

. A question of Mendel and Naor [Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 119 (2014), pp. 1–95] concerns a stronger contraction property in the tail spaces, which is known as the heat-smoothing conjecture. Eskenazis and Ivanisvili [Israel J. Math. (2022), pp. 1–17] considered a Gaussian analog of this conjecture and resolved some special cases. In particular, they proved that heat-smoothing type conjecture holds for holomorphic functions in the Gaussian spaces with sharp constants. In this paper, we prove analogous sharp inequalities for holomorphic subalgebras of free group von Neumann algebras. Similar results also hold for

q
q

-Gaussian algebras and quantum tori. In the case of free group von Neumann algebras, the weaker formulation of heat-smoothing is proved with optimal order.