bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migrant women entrepreneurship and health-related crisis: an intersectional perspective
Authors: Ogundana Oyedele Martins , Umoru Ugbede , Ikhile Deborah , Egbe Chinwe Lucia
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Using an intersectional lens, this article explores the disproportionate effect of health-related crises on vulnerable groups, specifically focusing on migrant women entrepreneurs and exacerbated by ingrained societal biases related to gender, ethnicity and class.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing an inductive, phenomenological approach, we conducted face-to-face interviews with migrant women entrepreneurs affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementing our findings, we analysed documents such as UK policy briefings and government task force meeting reports.

Findings

Our research uncovered a substantial decline in the customer base of migrant women entrepreneurs, which was attributed to the perceived susceptibility to the virus. Balancing business responsibilities with childcare resulted in a significant time commitment, influencing mood, well-being, family welfare and financial stability. Through our findings, we highlight that the issue of intersectionality extends beyond sociocultural factors to encompass disruptive events like health-related crises. To mitigate the adverse effects, we advocate for migrant women entrepreneurs to undertake crucial entrepreneurial actions, embrace entrepreneurial orientations, utilise available support systems and cultivate essential soft skills.

Originality/value

Emphasising a holistic approach, this article underscores the necessity of addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by migrant women entrepreneurs during health crises, contributing significantly to a broader understanding of intersectionality beyond sociocultural dimensions.
How do risks affect innovation performance in CoPS projects? A configurational perspective based on a technology–organization–environment framework
Authors: Ruan Furong , Feng Nanping , Wei Fenfen , Zhao Ruxiang , Yang Shanlin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Effective risk management is critical to successfully developing complex products and systems (CoPS) but is often hampered by the unclear understanding of risks’ effect on outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate how do diverse project risks jointly affect innovation performance in both adverse and positive ways within the CoPS context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study performs a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on 98 CoPS projects encompassing eight industries to investigate how diverse risks based on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework jointly affect innovation performance within CoPS projects among integrators and complementors.

Findings

The results reveal three configurations for high performance. Specifically, technology-oriented and market-driven, technology-oriented and resource-driven for project integrators and technology-oriented, resource and relationship co-driven for project complementors. We also identified four configurations for low performance. Particularly, technology triggered for project integrators, resource and relationship co-triggered, resource triggered and relationship triggered for project complementors.

Originality/value

Theoretically this study makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature on risk and performance management in CoPS projects by investigating the correlation between risks and project performance. From a practical perspective, both project integrators and complementors can utilize these insights to enhance their risk-management techniques in CoPS projects.
Exploring bending behaviour of hybrid fabric-3D printed structures with infill and raster angle for functional applications
Authors: Demir Murat
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bending behaviour of three-dimensional (3D) thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) structures printed onto the fabric.

Design/methodology/approach

TPU parts with varying infill patterns and raster angles were 3D-printed onto both woven and knitted fabrics. The resulting hybrid structures’ bending behaviours were evaluated using three test methods: cantilever bending, three-point bending and circular compression. Besides, both sides of the hybrid structures were tested to capture the influence of test direction.

Findings

The fabric structure is effective on adhesion force and greater values were observed for woven fabrics. The infill structures, raster angle and test directions were observed effective on the bending behaviour of the hybrid structures. The 45° raster angle resulted in greater bending resistance in three test methods. For knitted fabric structures, gyroid infill generally exhibits superior bending resistance. A case of fabricating a personal elbow brace for cubital tunnel syndrome was also introduced.

Originality/value

This study provides experimental information about the effects of 3D printing parameters on the bending behaviour of the hybrid structures and supports the development of special-purpose designs with tailored functionalities for various applications.
‘Nothing to Lose’: Gay and bisexual men, the family and the male sexual abuse survivors’ movement in the United States, 1985–1995
Authors: Gutterman Lauren Jae
Published: February 2025

Drawing on oral history interviews, organisational ephemera, television talk shows and published materials, ‘Nothing to Lose’ uncovers gay and bisexual men's leadership in the male survivors’ movement between 1985 and 1995. In the mid‐1980s, male survivors of sexual abuse were just starting to come together in grassroots self‐help groups and therapists’ offices. By the early 1990s, a growing number of books and memoirs as well as formalised organisations existed to support them. Despite interlocking stereotypes of sexually abused boys as destined to become both gay and abusive, gay and bisexual men served as leaders in this movement because they had already defied the gender and norms that made it so difficult for male survivors to come forward. Due to their experience in other activist struggles, they also had the skills and knowledge needed to organise groups and events, write self‐help literature and speak to the media. By facilitating public expressions of male pain and vulnerability, as well as greater recognition of male sexual victimisation, the men discussed here complicated and enriched feminist analyses of childhood sexual abuse, while also helping to transform broader understandings of masculinity and the family.
Comparison of Wedge Resection and Anatomical Lung Resection in Elderly Patients With Early‐Stage Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer With Visceral Pleural Invasion: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Li Shuyuan , Ge Yong , Ma Ran , Wang Jiayi , Ma Tianyue , Sun Teng , Feng Shoujie , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2025

Background

As the global population ages, the prevalence of early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among octogenarians is rising. This demographic frequently presents with comorbid conditions, diminished cardiopulmonary function, and increased frailty, which elevate the risks associated with standard treatments. While lobectomy combined with lymph node dissection is still considered the gold standard for managing NSCLC, octogenarians are at significantly higher risk of perioperative mortality. Although wedge resection has been suggested as a less invasive option, previous research has insufficiently explored the influence of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) on postoperative outcomes. This study seeks to evaluate whether wedge resection can provide survival outcomes equivalent to those of anatomical resection in this high‐risk population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis using SEER data from 2010 to 2019, focusing on octogenarians diagnosed with stage I NSCLC and VPI. Propensity score matching, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, log‐rank testing, and Cox multivariate regression were employed to evaluate and compare the outcomes associated with two different surgical techniques.

Results

We identified 523 octogenarians with stage I NSCLC and VPI, from a cohort of 1587 patients. In this study cohort, 372 (71.1%) patients received anatomical resection, while 151 (28.9%) patients underwent wedge resection. Following multivariable adjustment and propensity score matching, there were no statistically significant differences in lung cancer‐specific survival (CSS; HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.57–1.73) or overall survival (OS; HR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.68–1.53) observed between the two surgical groups. Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the choice of surgical approach was not an independent prognostic factor for either CSS (HR 1.29, 95% CI: 0.62–2.69) or OS (HR 1.50, 95% CI: 0.68–1.62).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that wedge resection is a viable surgical option for octogenarians with stage I NSCLC and VPI. Notably, the addition of lymph node dissection to wedge resection significantly enhances survival outcomes compared to wedge resection performed without lymph node dissection.
Mismatch and Detachment: Chinese International Students' Campus Electoral Participation in an Australian University
Authors: Tao Yu
Published: February 2025

Based on in‐depth interviews with 51 Chinese international students at an Australian university, this article draws on descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis to elucidate the group's participation in Student Guild (Student Union) elections. The empirical findings demonstrate that—contrary to popular media perceptions—most Chinese international students are passive about participating in campus elections for two key factors. Firstly, many Chinese international students contend that the benefits of participating in these elections do not outweigh the direct and opportunity costs. Notably, some perceive that the required knowledge and skills for engaging in these elections do not align with their career development aspirations. Secondly, many Chinese international students who fundamentally lack an appreciation for the political values and institutions that underpin these elections tend to distance themselves from what they perceive as a flawed and meaningless practice. Instead of seeking to infiltrate these elections, they exhibit indifference and detachment.
Grassland Changes in the Eastern Alps Over Four Decades: Unveiling Patterns Along an Elevation Gradient
Authors: Bonari Gianmaria , Bricca Alessandro , Tomasi Giulia , Dorigatti Lucio , Bertolli Alessio , Andreatta Davide , Sabatini Francesco Maria , Di Musciano Michele , Prosser Filippo
Published: February 2025

Aims

Alpine valleys have faced escalating global changes in recent decades such as a decline of traditional management and rural expansion. Grasslands are likely the type of vegetation most affected by these transformations. This study investigates the multifaceted changes in plant diversity over the past four decades in a major valley of the Italian Eastern Alps and examines whether changes occurred uniformly across different elevations.

Location

Valsugana Valley, Eastern Alps, Italy.

Methods

In 2022, we resurveyed 115 vegetation plots (including vascular plants, mosses, and lichens) originally sampled in 1986–1988. Plots were collected in grasslands and span along an elevation gradient of 2000 m. At each time period, we automatically classified these plots using the EUNIS expert system of habitats. We analysed the variation over time in species richness, species diversity, beta diversity (turnover and nestedness), and relative proportion of life form, woodiness, and neophyte species along an elevation gradient, subdivided in low‐, middle‐, and high‐elevation belts. Lastly, we quantified the number of gained, winning, stable, losing, and lost species.

Results

We found differences in the classification of EUNIS habitats and elevation‐dependent changes in community diversity and composition. Many grassland types were transformed into other grassland types or into forests and man‐made habitats. Species richness varied along the elevation gradient over time, being constant at lower elevations but markedly increasing at high elevations. Temporal turnover dominated across elevations, especially at lower sites, while nestedness components increased towards high elevations. Neophytes increased and hemicryptophytes decreased in the low‐elevation belt, while therophytes and geophytes increased at low‐ and high‐elevation belts. In the middle‐elevation belt, many dry grassland species were replaced by nitrophilous and woody species. High‐elevation witnessed species replacement with the loss of mountain species and the increase of therophyte and geophyte species.

Conclusions

Grasslands of Valsugana valley have undergone substantial changes over four decades. Different processes likely acted across the elevation gradient. Nonetheless the driver, impoverishment of semi‐natural grassland species was observed over time across elevations. Understanding these changes in vegetation is essential for a comprehensive evaluation of ecological variations over time. Conservation management strategies should be tailored to address biodiversity changes at varying elevations to counteract the negative trends of plant diversity loss and the ongoing habitat transformation of grasslands in the Alps.
Influence of Implant Geometry on the Surface Strain Behavior of Peri‐Implant Bone: A 3D Analysis
Authors: Löhlein Moritz , Motel Constantin , Wichmann Manfred , Matta Ragai Edward
Published: February 2025

To ensure long‐term implant success, it is crucial to understand the force transmission from the implant to the surrounding bone. In dentistry, bioengineering methods are applied to investigate these processes. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different implant geometries on the surface strain behavior of porcine mandibles under load using a 3D optical camera system in combination with digital image correlation. Four different implant types were subjected to a force of 200 N in three different loading directions (axial, non‐axial 15°, and non‐axial 30°). Under axial loading, parallel‐walled implants exhibited lower surface strain values on the peri‐implant bone compared with tapered implants. However, when subjected to non‐axial loading, these parallel‐walled implants showed a substantial relative increase in strain by approximately a factor of 2.96 compared with axial conditions. At a 30° non‐axial angle, long, tapered implants with a smaller diameter (BLX 3.75) produced lower peri‐implant bone strains than implants with larger diameters and shorter lengths, while short, tapered implants (BLT) demonstrated a lower relative increase in strain (factor ~1.49) from axial to non‐axial loading. Under non‐axial loading, long, tapered implants with a small diameter resulted in lower strains in the peri‐implant bone compared with implants with a larger diameter and shorter length. It was found that non‐axial loads lead to higher strains than axial loads. Therefore, the success of implantation could be significantly influenced by selecting an appropriate implant geometry and the correct angulation of the implant.
Accuracy of phylogenetic reconstructions from continuous characters analysed under parsimony and its parametric correlates
Authors: Tagliacollo Victor A. , de Pinna Mario , Chuctaya Junior , Datovo Alessio
Published: February 2025

Quantitative traits are a source of evolutionary information often difficult to handle in cladistics. Tools exist to analyse this kind of data without subjective discretization, avoiding biases in the delimitation of categorical states. Nonetheless, our ability to accurately infer relationships from continuous characters is incompletely understood, particularly under parsimony analysis. This study evaluates the accuracy of phylogenetic reconstructions from simulated matrices of continuous characters evolving under alternative evolutionary processes and analysed by parsimony. We sampled 100 empirical trees to simulate 9000 matrices, each containing between 25 and 50 taxa, and 50 and 150 continuous characters evolving under three evolutionary processes: Brownian motion, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and early burst with variable parametrizations. Our cladogram comparisons revealed that continuous character matrices, when properly coded and analysed by parsimony in TNT, carry phylogenetic signals from which species relationships can be inferred, regardless of the evolutionary models and parameterization schemes. Interestingly, implementing equal weighting or implied weighting with varying penalization strengths against homoplasies did not affect cladogram reconstructions based on continuous characters. Finally, the accuracy of continuous characters in resolving species relationships is skewed towards apical nodes of the recovered trees. Our findings provide general insights of the utility of quantitative traits in cladistics and demonstrate that their effectiveness in estimating shallower nodes is independent of the underlying evolutionary model, parameters and weighting schemes.
Comparing the Risk of Epilepsy in Patients With Simple Congenital Heart Diseases: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Zuyao , Ji Shuming , Song Tingting , Li Hua , Tang Yusha , Chen Yucheng , Li Yajiao
Published: February 2025

Aims

Simple congenital heart diseases (CHD) are associated with various central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy. This study aimed to compare the risk of epilepsy in patients with different types of simple CHD.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, from January 2008 to June 2022, patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), patent foramen ovale (PFO), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were recruited at the Registration Center of CHD in West China Hospital. Follow‐up was conducted yearly until the diagnosis of epilepsy, loss to follow‐up, or end of study. The outcomes included a comparison of epilepsy incidence according to different simple CHD types and a risk assessment of developing epilepsy. Multivariable Poisson regression was performed to adjusted factors of demographics and disease history.

Results

Of 10,914 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 108 were diagnosed with epilepsy at an average follow‐up of 2.19 years. Epilepsy incidence in patients with PFO, VSD, PDA, and ASD was 8.58/1000, 4.85/1000, 3.98/1000, and 2.63/1000 person‐years, respectively. Compared with ASD patients (reference group), the risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) in patients with PFO, VSD, and PDA were 3.28 (2.00–5.43), 1.47 (0.79–2.68), and 1.46 (0.70–2.82), respectively. Subgroup analyses determined that patients with simple CHD who underwent CHD surgery demonstrated a lower risk of epilepsy than those who did not.

Conclusion

Among the major types of simple CHD, PFO was associated with a significantly higher risk of epilepsy, while the risk was reduced in those who underwent PFO closure procedures.
Kutane Impfreaktionen
Authors: Kussini Jacqueline , Mühlenbein Stefan , Didona Dario , Pfützner Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Impfungen sind ein grundlegendes Prinzip der Gesundheitsvorsorge. Durch Applikation des Impfstoffs, der Antigen(e) eines Erregers enthält, kommt es zur Aktivierung des Immunsystems mit Aufbau eines Infektionsschutzes. Je nach Immunogenität und Allergenität des Impfstoffs kann es in Abhängigkeit von Reaktivität und Suszeptibilität des geimpften Individuums zu unterschiedlichen unerwünschten Reaktionen kommen. Kutane Nebenwirkungen gehören hierbei zu den häufigsten und können sich in verschiedenen lokalen oder generalisierten Impfreaktionen äußern. Das Wissen um deren Pathogenese und klinische Erscheinungsformen ist essentiell in Hinblick auf Therapie, gegebenenfalls weitere diagnostische Abklärung und dem Vorgehen bei einer eventuell erforderlichen Auffrischungsimpfung. Entsprechendes dermatologisches Fachwissen spielt daher eine entscheidende Rolle im Management von Patienten mit anamnestischen Impfreaktionen.
Exploring the potential of three species of blowfly, genus Chrysomya, as bioindicators of heavy metals in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna
Authors: dos Santos Junior Eudoxio Gomes , Andrade‐Silva Joudellys , Rocha Leonardo Cunha , da Silva Célio Pereira Conceição , de Oliveira Jorge Diniz , de Sousa José Roberto Pereira
Published: February 2025

Inadequate and unregulated disposal of agricultural and commercial residues represents a significant challenge for the management of environmental impacts. The inadequate disposal of this waste can lead to the accumulation of high concentrations of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, and zinc, in the soil. Many insects are excellent bioindicators of environmental contamination, although their capacity for the superficial bioaccumulation of particles will depend on the life cycle, structure of the body integument, and behavioral patterns of the different species. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of three synanthropic species of blowflies (genus Chrysomya: Calliphoridae) as bioindicators of potentially toxic metals at sites in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna, including both anthropogenic and preserved areas. Overall, we found that the mean concentrations of heavy metals were higher in soils of the preserved environments, but that only lead and zinc were significantly different; lead was higher in preserved areas, while zinc was higher in impacted ones. We also found no discernible variation in heavy metal assimilation factors between the adult males and females of any of the blowfly species. However, we did find species‐specific differences in the capacity of the different calliphorids to detect contamination, although more detailed studies will be necessary to identify the biological factors that determine the capacity of these species to assimilate heavy metals.
Genetic Architecture Underlying Response to the Fungal Pathogen Dothistroma septosporum in Lodgepole Pine, Jack Pine, and Their Hybrids
Authors: Lu Mengmeng , Feau Nicolas , Lind Brandon , Obreht Vidakovic Dragana , Singh Pooja , Aitken Sally N. , Hamelin Richard C. , Yeaman Sam
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), a pine tree disease caused by the fungal pathogen Dothistroma septosporum, has severely damaged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) in British Columbia, Canada, and raised health concerns for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). The pathogen has already shown signs of host shift eastward to the hybrid populations between lodgepole pine and jack pine (Pinus contorta × P. banksiana), and possibly into pure jack pine. However, we have little knowledge about mechanisms of resistance to D. septosporum, especially the underlying genetic basis of variation in pines. In this study, we conducted controlled inoculations to induce infection by D. septosporum and performed a genome‐wide case–control association study with pooled sequencing (pool‐seq) data to dissect the genetic architecture underlying response in lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids. We identified candidate genes associated with D. septosporum response in lodgepole pine and in hybrid samples. We also assessed genetic structure in hybrid populations and inferred how introgression may affect the distribution of genetic variation involved in D. septosporum response in the studied samples. These results can be used to develop genomic tools to evaluate DNB risk, guide forest management strategies, and potentially select for resistant genotypes.
A Novel Approach to Fire Detection With Enhanced Target Localisation and Recognition
Authors: Zou Le , Sun Qiang , Jiang Fengling , Wu Zhize , Sun Lingma , Wang Xiaofeng , Gogate Mandar , Dashtipour Kia , Hussain Amir
Published: February 2025

Real‐time monitoring of fires is crucial for safeguarding lives and property. However, current fire detection methods still suffer from issues such as redundant feature information, poor network generalisation capabilities and low perception of target location information. To address these challenges, a novel fire detection method called YOLO‐FDI has been proposed. This method utilises partial convolution and coordinate convolution with attention mechanisms and Alpha loss at different stages. Specifically, to enhance target localisation accuracy, an attention mechanism is integrated into the model to autonomously focus on fire‐affected areas. In terms of feature extraction, partial convolution is employed to reduce computational redundancy and memory access, improving performance and effectively extracting spatial features. During the feature fusion stage, coordinate convolution embeds feature information into coordinate data, further enhancing the coordinate perception capabilities of pixels on the feature map, thereby improving adaptability and accuracy in detecting fire targets. Additionally, the model utilises Alpha loss to enhance flexibility and robustness in fire object detection and recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model based on three self‐constructed datasets. Compared to the baseline YOLOv7 model, its mAP has improved by 4.5 percentage points, 1.7 percentage points and 2.6 percentage points, respectively. This method demonstrates the capability to accurately represent fire targets and exhibits better stability and reliability in fire target detection, effectively reducing false positives and missed detections.
Shifting the substrate scope of dimeric pyranose oxidase from monosaccharide to glycoside preference through oligomeric state modification
Authors: Kostelac Anja , Hermann Enikő , Peterbauer Clemens , Oostenbrink Chris , Haltrich Dietmar
Published: February 2025

Pyranose oxidase (POx) and C‐glycoside oxidase (CGOx) are FAD‐dependent oxidoreductases belonging to the glucose‐methanol‐choline oxidoreductase superfamily and share the same sequence space. Despite a shared structural fold, these two members possess homologous domains that enable (arm and head domain) or disable (insertion‐1 domain and barrel‐shaped bottom) oligomerization. POxs with a higher oligomerization state (dimeric or tetrameric) exclusively catalyze the oxidation of monosaccharides (d‐glucose, d‐xylose). In contrast, the monomeric state of POxs/CGOxs is observed to prefer glycosides (homoorientin, phlorizin) and has low activity with free monosaccharides. We aimed to engineer dimeric POx from Kitasatospora aureofaciens (KaPOx) to form a functional monomer, and monomeric POx/CGOx from Streptomyces canus (ScPOx) to a dimeric structure. Deletion of the head and arm domains of the KaPOx subunit resulted in enzyme variants with a less hydrophobic surface, thus affecting its oligomerization. These monomeric KaPOx variants KaPOx_xal and KaPOx_xalh resembled monomeric wild‐type POxs/CGOxs and preferred glycosides as substrates over monosaccharides with catalytic efficiencies for phlorizin being 24 × 106 higher compared to those for d‐xylose. The wild‐type dimeric KaPOx showed no activity towards glycosides. We hypothesize that KaPOx_xalh is unable to react with monosaccharides because the introduced mutations alter the positions of monosaccharide‐binding residues. The inability of KaPOx to react with glycosides is likely caused by steric hindrance and the inaccessibility of the active site to bulky glycosides due to dimerization. The attempt to engineer ScPOx into a dimeric structure failed at the stage of soluble expression, likely due to exposed hydrophobic patches and aggregation.
Study on preparation of silica nanospheres by oxidation of micron silicon powder
Authors: Meng Yunlong , Yang Jinguang , Wu Ping , Xie Yifan , Zhang Shiping , Wang Li
Published: February 2025

The oxidation of molten silicon powder in a high‐temperature suspension phase represents a promising technique for the continuous production of spherical silica. However, the agglomeration of silicon powder at high temperatures increases particle size and reduces reactant surface area, ultimately slowing the oxidation rate and disrupting the suspension state, leading to failed silica preparation. To address these issues, a pre‐oxidation step was implemented, whereby an oxide layer was created on the silicon powder. This was done to prevent molten silicon from agglomerating. This paper investigates the effect of pre‐oxidation time and melting temperature on the generation of spherical silica using a static suspension method. The 5 µm average‐sized silicon powder underwent pre‐oxidation at 1300°C for 30 min, followed by oxidation at the silicon's melting point. This resulted in amorphous spherical silica, ranging from 200 to 400 nm. Pre‐oxidation results in a Si@SiO2 core–shell structure, which effectively prevents molten silicon agglomeration and significantly enhances particle oxidation rates. These findings lay the foundation for scaled‐up production of spherical silica using the airflow suspension method.
Multimodal self‐calibrating photothermal window utilizing transparent Pr3+–Er3+ co‐doped Y2Zr2O7 ceramics
Authors: Guan Mengqiu , Han Wenhan , Lu Kailei , Xie Yuhong , Li Zijie , Ye Yucheng , Wang Guixin , Qi Jianqi , Lu Tiecheng
Published: February 2025

In response to the urgent demand for windows with multi‐mode self‐calibrated temperature feedback operating over a wide range in extreme environments, herein, Pr3+–Er3+ co‐doped Y2Zr2O7 (YZO) transparent ceramics were developed. After annealing treatment to remove defects, these ceramics exhibit high transparency and temperature‐dependent wide‐range photoluminescence, in which the in‐line transmittance is up to 77.8% at 760 nm (theoretical limit is 78%), and the luminescence band spans blue to red. Furthermore, based on the luminescence intensity ratio technology, a multi‐mode temperature sensing window using highly transparent YZO:Pr/Er ceramics was designed. The developed photothermal window shows relatively high sensitivity, in which absolute sensitivity (Sa) and relative sensitivity (Sr) reached 0.0105 K−1 at 363 K and 1.295% K−1 at 301 K, respectively. The developed thermometer could provide a reference for self‐calibrated thermometer window, and its wide spectral operating range ensures the reliability of temperature measurement, which has the potential to be used in some extreme conditions.
Associations Between COVID‐19 Vaccination Status and Persistent Symptoms: A Prospective Study of Reproductive‐Age Women
Authors: Caglayan Ilkin Seda Can , Demirel Gulbahtiyar , Can Ceren Eda
Published: February 2025

Objective

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between prolonged complaints of women who had COVID‐19 infection and whose symptoms persisted and their vaccination status against COVID‐19.

Methods

This prospective observational study consisted of three groups [The Unvaccinated Group (Control Group: 89), the BioNTech Vaccine Group (114 people), and the Sinovac Vaccine Group (84 people)]. In this study, which included 287 women, prolonged COVID‐19 symptoms in their spouses were also questioned. Information was obtained from the participants in the form of questions and answers under outpatient clinical conditions 2 months after their recovery. Women between the ages of 18–45 who had regular menstrual periods in the last 6 months before the pandemic, those whose COVID‐19 test was negative and those who received a single dose of vaccine in the vaccinated group were included in the study.

Results

The rates of loss of taste and prolonged symptoms of high fever in Sinovac‐vaccinated participants were lower than in the other groups in the present study (p < 0.05). A total of 40.5% of those who were vaccinated with Sinovac after COVID‐19 had a menstrual cycle length of every 28–40 days, which was higher than the percentage of participants in other groups, and 40.5% of those in this group did not have menstrual pain. Additionally, the menstrual period length of 62.3% of the participants who received the BioNTech vaccine increased (p < 0.05). This increase is higher than the participants in the other group.

Conclusion

The study indicated that certain prolonged symptoms of COVID‐19 infection were less common among participants vaccinated with Sinovac. In this group, the menstrual cycle length increased, while menstrual pain decreased.
Overcoming the Utopian Perspectives on Health: Health Must Also Include States of Unwell‐Being
Authors: Leonardi Fabio
Published: February 2025

Background

Equating health with complete physical, mental and social well‐being, as defined by the WHO, has played an important role in the development of healthcare systems in Western countries. However, this definition has contributed to the rise of the myth of well‐being, increasing the demand on healthcare systems and raising the risk of medicalizing all aspects of life. Additionally, equating health with complete well‐being is conceptually flawed for two important reasons.

Aim

The aim of this article is to move beyond this utopian vision, which has led to negative consequences for both individual health and the sustainability of healthcare systems.

Methods

This article analyses the most relevant definitions of health proposed in the scientific literature over the last 50 years.

Findings

There have been some attempts within the WHO itself to reduce the utopian content of its definition, but these efforts have not yielded significant results. Outside the WHO, many different proposals have emerged, including those that incorporate malaise into the concept of health. Nevertheless, none of the definitions proposed in the last 50 years have achieved widespread consensus.

Discussion and Implications for Practice

While there are various approaches to defining health, the crucial issue is that each definition should include states of unwell‐being. Incorporating this perspective would represent a paradigm shift in the field of health, fostering more realistic expectations and reducing the risk of medicalization.
Evolutionary Trends and Research Focal Points on Port Wine Stains: A Scientometric and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Su Zheren , Chen Xuanfeng , Zhang Rui , Li Jing , Zhou Zifu , Bi Jianhai , Huo Ran
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite numerous studies over the past two decades, clinical treatment for port wine stains (PWS) has shown limited progress. Analyzing evolutionary trends and research focal points can illuminate current deficiencies and guide future investigations. We aim to conduct a scientometric analysis and meta‐analysis to uncover the historical trajectory, research hotspots, and future directions of PWS.

Methods

We conducted a scientometric analysis of articles related to PWS published between 2000 and 2023. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and analyzed using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Furthermore, we retrieved articles reporting therapeutic clearance rates for PWS from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane search engines. A meta‐analysis was performed using Stata/MP to assess whether treatment outcomes for PWS have improved in the 21st century.

Results

The annual scientific output was stable from 2000 to 2023. The top three countries in terms of document production were the United States, China, and the United Kingdom. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) were the two primary modalities used in the treatment of PWS. A notable difference exists in the preference for these treatment modalities between China and Western countries. The meta‐analysis shows improvement in treatment outcomes for PWS from 2000 to 2023.

Conclusions

Although limited, treatment outcomes for PWS have shown improvement in the 21st century. However, there is a critical need for research directions that could revolutionize current treatment practices. Genetic discoveries have suggested promising therapeutic targets for potential breakthroughs in the future.
Vascular Remodeling in Rosacea: A Study on Microcirculatory Insights Using Oral Capillaroscopy
Authors: Demirbas Abdullah , Demirbas Gozde Ulutaş , Diremsizoglu Esin
Published: February 2025

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by facial erythema, telangiectasia, and papules. Although clinical assessment is essential for diagnosis, objective criteria for evaluating severity are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rosacea severity, disease duration, and associated microvascular changes through oral mucosal capillaroscopy.

Methods

This cross‐sectional case–control study included patients with rosacea and healthy controls. Oral capillaroscopy was performed to evaluate capillary morphology, analyzing parameters such as capillary arrangement (regular or irregular), presence of dot vessels, microhemorrhages, glomerular vessels, megacapillaries, tortuous vessels, areas of discoloration, and hyperkeratosis.

Results

A total of 100 patients diagnosed with rosacea and 100 healthy controls were included in the study. Oral capillaroscopic findings revealed significantly higher rates of family history of rosacea and tortuous capillaries in the patient group. Patients with microhemorrhages exhibited a longer disease duration. No significant differences in tortuous capillary positivity were found between the papulopustular and erythematotelangiectatic subtypes; however, phymatous rosacea demonstrated no positive findings. Additionally, moderate‐severity patients had lower rates of microhemorrhage positivity, whereas the presence of tortuous capillaries increased with severity.

Conclusion

Oral mucosal capillaroscopy is a valuable tool for assessing microvascular damage in rosacea and may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for effective management.
A dual cognitive pathway model of leadership influence on creativity
Authors: Chen Tingting , Huang Xu , Li Fuli , Wong Yin Yee , Gröschke Daniela
Published: February 2025

Drawing on a dual cognitive pathway model of creativity, we propose that transformational leadership and directive‐achieving leadership induce employees' cognitive flexibility and cognitive persistence, respectively. These two cognitive processes differentially mediate the leadership–creativity relationship. Study 1 provides support for the mediation hypotheses, based on a sample of 189 Chinese and 138 Anglo‐Australian employee–peer dyads in a retail setting. Study 2, with a sample of 244 employees and their leaders from 66 research‐and‐development project teams, also tests the moderating effects of project stage. The findings show that transformational leadership has a stronger positive effect on cognitive flexibility in the early stage of a project, while directive‐achieving leadership has a stronger positive effect on cognitive persistence in the later stage. Cognitive flexibility and cognitive persistence, in turn, are associated with individual creativity. This research provides important implications for how and when different leadership approaches promote creativity.
Extracellular Vesicles From Dental Pulp Cells Promote Osteogenic Differentiation in Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Li Yuwang , Li Fenglan , Liu Haitao , Li Limei , Hao Jie
Published: February 2025

Aim

Periodontal osseous defects are mainly caused by periodontitis, which seriously affects the quality of patient life. Dental pulp cells (DpCs)‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can effectively promote tissue regeneration. Homeobox A9 (HOXA9) mRNA is abundant in EVs derived from DSCs, which may be related to promoting alveolar bone regeneration, but the specific mechanism is unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism through which HOXA9 from DPCs‐derived EVs can impact the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).

Methods

DPCs‐derived EVs were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed to induce the inflammatory environment. Cell viability was assessed by CCK8 assay. Calcium deposition was determined by Alizarin red staining. H3K27ac enrichment in the FLI1 enhancer region and the interaction between C/EBPα, HOXA9, and FLI1 were analyzed by ChIP assay. The interaction between HOXA9 and FLI1 enhancer in 293T cells was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.

Results

DPCs‐derived EVs promoted PDLC osteogenesis under LPS treatment and increased HOXA9 expression in PDLCs. HOXA9 knockdown in DPCs reversed the promoting effect of DPCs‐derived EVs on PDLC osteogenic differentiation. HOXA9 from DPCs‐derived EVs promoted H3K27ac enrichment in the FLI1 enhancer region by facilitating HOXA9 competitively binding FLI1 enhancer region with C/EBPα. Moreover, HOXA9 from DPCs‐derived EVs promoted PDLC osteogenesis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway through upregulating FLI1.

Conclusion

HOXA9 from DPCs‐derived EVs promoted PDLC osteogenic differentiation by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway through promoting H3K27ac enrichment in the FLI1 enhancer region and upregulating FLI1. Our study identified a previously unknown mechanism that HOXA9/FLI1 signaling axis participates in the processes of EVs derived from DPCs to treat bone tissue injury.

Our research presents a theoretical basis for using EVs derived from DPCs to treat bone tissue injury.
Institutional Capacity and Practices for Maternal Anemia in China
Authors: Liu Lijun , Di Jiangli , Huang Xiaona , Yang Yuning , Narayan Anuradha , Chen Sidi
Published: February 2025

In China, a range of anemia prevention and treatment measures have been developed and implemented in recent decades. These measures provide a regulatory basis for implementing standardized maternal anemia prevention and treatment services in China. However, little is known about the adoption of these interventions by health professionals, the capacity of health facilities to screen for iron deficiency and anemia, or the level of compliance among pregnant and lactating women (PLW). Thus, this study explored the alignment between maternal anemia prevention and control services provided and generated evidence for potential policy and program revisions and updates. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted between November 2019 and January 2020. A total of 11 counties from 6 provinces across eastern, central and western regions of China were selected for the survey. In the surveyed sites, a total of 42 health institutions were enrolled in the survey, and a total of 201 health providers and 1714 PLW were enrolled in the suervey and completed the questionnaires. The results of this study showed that iron supplements containing 30 and 60 mg of iron were available in one third of the health facilities surveyed. All obstetricians reported ordering the Hb test for pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) services, and 87.6% ordered the ferritin test. The proportion of obstetricians who ordered the ferritin test at the township level facilities (79.4%) was significantly lower than that at the provincial (100%), prefectural (87.5%) and county (87.1%) level facilities (p < 0.05). Around 89.6% and 90.5% of obstetricians prescribed iron to pregnant women when they were diagnosed with anemia and ID, respectively. 41.3% of obstetricians advised women to take preventive iron throughout their pregnancy. The proportion of obstetricians from township level hospitals that advised women to take preventative iron throughout their pregnancy (61.5%) was significantly lower than that from provincial facilities (23.5%) (p < 0.05). A total of 95.2% and 47.9% of PLW reported receiving the Hb test and the serum ferritin test during their pregnancy, respectively. There are some barriers and bottlenecks in the effective implementation of anemia intervention measures for pregnant women in China. Therefore, to achieve international and national targets on further reducing maternal anemia prevalence, comprehensive actions need to be taken.
Genomic Biosurveillance of the Kiwifruit Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 3 Reveals Adaptation to Selective Pressures in New Zealand Orchards
Authors: Hemara Lauren M. , Hoyte Stephen M. , Arshed Saadiah , Schipper Magan M. , Wood Peter N. , Marshall Sergio L. , Andersen Mark T. , Patterson Haileigh R. , Vanneste Joel L. , Peacock Linda , Jayaraman Jay , Templeton Matthew D.
Published: February 2025

In the late 2000s, a pandemic of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) devastated kiwifruit orchards growing susceptible, yellow‐fleshed cultivars. New Zealand's kiwifruit industry has since recovered, following the deployment of the tolerant cultivar 'Zesy002'. However, little is known about the extent to which the Psa population is evolving since its arrival. Over 500 Psa3 isolates from New Zealand kiwifruit orchards were sequenced between 2010 and 2022, from commercial monocultures and diverse germplasm collections. While effector loss was previously observed on Psa‐resistant germplasm vines, effector loss appears to be rare in commercial orchards, where the dominant cultivars lack Psa resistance. However, a new Psa3 variant, which has lost the effector hopF1c, has arisen. The loss of hopF1c appears to have been mediated by the movement of integrative conjugative elements introducing copper resistance into this population. Following this variant's identification, in‐planta pathogenicity and competitive fitness assays were performed to better understand the risk and likelihood of its spread. While hopF1c loss variants had similar in‐planta growth to wild‐type Psa3, a lab‐generated ∆hopF1c strain could outcompete the wild type on select hosts. Further surveillance was conducted in commercial orchards where these variants were originally isolated, with 6.6% of surveyed isolates identified as hopF1c loss variants. These findings suggest that the spread of these variants is currently limited, and they are unlikely to cause more severe symptoms than the current population. Ongoing genome biosurveillance of New Zealand's Psa3 population is recommended to enable early detection and management of variants of interest.
Factors Associated With Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Aoyama Satoko , Haruna Megumi , Yonezawa Kaori , Tahara‐Sasagawa Emi , Usui Yuriko , Ohori Riko , Tanaka Moeko , Fujita Megumi , Matsuzaki Masayo , Suetsugu Yoshiko , Sato Yoko , Takeuchi Ayano
Published: February 2025

Inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with birth weight and premature birth and is a primary problem in Asia, particularly in Japan. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with inadequate GWG, focusing on women's target GWG and advised GWG by healthcare professionals. A questionnaire for women in their second trimester inquired about their target GWG and advice regarding GWG by healthcare professionals. Of the 626 participants, 52.6% were classified in the inadequate GWG group. Inadequate GWG was associated with a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 and weight below the prepregnancy weight in the second trimester. Among the multiparas, inadequate GWG was associated with an individual target GWG below the guideline, with no advice from healthcare professionals, and with an advised GWG below the guideline. Among the primiparas, there were no significant differences in the individual targets or advised GWG. Healthcare professionals must understand the latest guidelines regarding GWG and apply them when advising women. The importance of preconception care in achieving a BMI of at least 18.5 kg/m2 before pregnancy is also suggested.