bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morpho-phylogenetic identification and characterization of new causal agents of Fusarium species for postharvest fruit rot disease of muskmelon in northern Thailand and their sensitivity to fungicides
Authors: Suwannarach Nakarin , Khuna Surapong , Thitla Tanapol , Senwanna Chanokned , Nuangmek Wipornpan , Kumla Jaturong , Lumyong Saisamorn
Published: October 2024

A significant global problem affecting muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is fruit rot caused by phytopathogenic fungi, which results in unsaleable products and substantial financial losses. In 2022 and 2023, fruit rot on muskmelon was found during the postharvest storage period in Phayao Province of northern Thailand. The aim of the current study was to isolate the species of fungi causing the fruit rot lesions. Out of the rot lesions on muskmelons, nine fungal isolates were received. All isolates of fungi were identified through a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. Based on their morphological traits, all isolated fungal isolate was assigned to the genus Fusarium. All the fungal isolates were determined to belong to the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex through multi-gene phylogenetic analysis employing the calmodulin (cam), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) genes. These isolates were identified as F. compactum (SDBR-CMU483), F. jinanense (SDBR-CMU484, SDBR-CMU485, and SDBR-CMU486), F. mianyangense (SDBR-CMU487 and SDBR-CMU488), and F. sulawesiense (SDBR-CMU489, SDBR-CMU490, and SDBR-CMU491). Moreover, pathogenicity tests were subsequently carried out, and the results indicated that all fungal isolates caused symptoms of fruit rot on inoculated muskmelon fruits. Notably, this result was consistent with the symptoms observed throughout the postharvest storage period. In the fungicide screening test, all fungal isolates showed sensitivity to copper oxychloride. However, all isolates showed insensitivity to benalaxyl-M + mancozeb, carbendazim, mancozeb, and metalaxy. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify F. compactum, F. jinanense, and F. mianyangense as new causative agents of muskmelon fruit rot in Thailand and other regions globally. This is also the first report of postharvest fruit rot on muskmelons caused by F. sulawesiense in Thailand. Furthermore, the fungicide screening results indicate that fungicide resistance can be beneficial in developing potential management strategies against postharvest fruit rot disease of muskmelon caused by these four pathogenic Fusarium species.
Combined effects of mixing ratios and tree size: how do mixed forests respond to climate and drought events?
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , He Lulu , Ullah Haseen , Shi Xiaopeng , Hou Jingyu , Liu Yadong , Liu Yang , Xue Liu , He Baohua , Duan Jie
Published: October 2024

Although the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functionality (BEF) has been studied comprehensively, how the mixing ratio of tree species in mixed forests affects the response of trees to climate and drought remains an unexplored and rather unknown question. Hence, we established tree-ring chronologies for Pinus tabuliformis Carr. (P) and Quercus variabilis Blume. (Q) mixed forests with different mixing ratios. In the temperate region of China, we investigated three mixing ratios: 90% P and 10% Q (P9Q1), 60% P and 40% Q (P6Q4), and 20% P and 80% Q (P2Q8). We collected tree ring samples using three tree size categories: dominant, intermediate, and suppressed trees. We explored the climate sensitivity of these trees and their drought tolerance indices–resilience (Rs), resistance (Rt), and recovery (Rc) under two drought conditions: short-term drought (1993 drought) and long-term drought (1999-2015 drought). P6Q4 made P. tabuliformis more sensitive to the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) from the previous year than the other two ratios. The effect of the mixing ratio on drought response was insignificant under short-term drought in both tree species. Rt, Rc, and Rs of P. tabuliformis decreased with an increasing Q. variabilis:P. tabuliformis ratio in long-term drought. Rt, Rc, and Rs of Q. variabilis were the highest in P6Q4. The sensitivity of trees to PDSI varied among classes and was influenced by the mixing ratio. Dominant trees were most sensitive to PDSI in P6Q4 and P2Q8, whereas intermediate and suppressed trees were more sensitive to PDSI in P9Q1. The impact of tree size on drought tolerance indices varied according to drought type and mixing ratio. These findings showed that the mixing ratio has a confounding effect on the drought sensitivity of temperate tree species. Differences in hydrological niches allow Q. variabilis to benefit from mixing with P. tabuliformis. Mixing with optimal proportion of P. tabuliformis maximizes the drought resilience of Q. variabilis. Additionally, weakly competitive species (P. tabuliformis) do not benefit from mixed forests during prolonged water deficits. This result complements previous arguments that species mixing reduces the biological vulnerability of individuals. This study emphasizes the importance of species selection based on the biological and physiological characteristics of tree species in the afforestation of mixed forests. It highlights the critical role of species mixing ratios in the resistance of mixed forest ecosystems to climate change, which may provide a reference for sustainable forest management.
Estimation of mediators in the associations between campus green spaces and students’ anxiety: a case study in Nanjing
Authors: Diao Wanting , Li Silei , Zhao Bing , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Although a number of scholars have examined the theoretical pathways between green space (GS) and mental health, few have focused on how campus greenness affects the mental health of Chinese youth.

Methods

Herein, two objective indicators, campus and individual 300-m normalized vegetation index (NDVI) data, were used as independent variables. A questionnaire was used to collect the self-rated anxiety level of students on campuses in Nanjing. Then, we chose “subjective perception of campus GS”, “physical activity”, “social cohesion”, “nature relatedness” and “usage pattern” as mediating variables to explore the pathways between the campus greenery and college student’ anxiety level through correlation analysis, linear regression, and mediation effect test.

Results

Results showed the campus-wide NDVI and individual students’ 300-m range NDVI had significant negative correlations with anxiety (p = 0.045, p = 0.023). Campus perception, nature relatedness and the frequency of using GS are the pathways through which campus GSs influence student anxiety.

Discussion

Our findings emphasised the importance of subjective perceptions of greenspaces, which provided a direction that can be deepened in future research.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation for EEG in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: De Laurentiis Arianna , Pastori Chiara , Pinto Carmela , D’Arrigo Stefano , Estienne Margherita , Bulgheroni Sara , Battaglia Giulia , Gemma Marco
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of In-Dex sedation in comparison to oral melatonin and hydroxyzine in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) undergoing EEG recording and 15 determine which categories of patients exhibit the most favorable response to In-Dex sedation.

Methods

This retrospective observational study involved pediatric patients with ASD who underwent sleep-EEG recording across two periods, before (biennium 2018-19) and after (biennium 2021-22) the routine implementation of In-Dex sedation. Clinical, EEG, and sedation data were stored in a database. A logistic multiple regression model was employed, with the failure of EEG serving as the dependent variable.

Results

In the first period 203 EEGs were performed with a rate of failure of 10.8%, while in the second one 177 EEGs were recorded with a percentage of failure of 7.3% (8.3% with MH 23 sedation and 5.8% with In-Dex sedation). No significant adverse events were reported in either period. Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that In-Dex decreased the probability of failure (OR=0.25, 25 (0.61-0.88)), while the presence of behavioral disturbances (OR=3.65((1.54-8.85)) and the use of antipsychotic drugs (OR=2.76, (1.09-6.95)) increased it.

Discussion

In the light of these results, we can state that In-Dex sedation is safe and reduce EEG failure rate compared to the use of melatonin and hydroxyzine alone, particularly in patients with severe behavioral issues.
Incremental learning of humanoid robot behavior from natural interaction and large language models
Authors: Bärmann Leonard , Kartmann Rainer , Peller-Konrad Fabian , Niehues Jan , Waibel Alex , Asfour Tamim
Published: October 2024

Natural-language dialog is key for an intuitive human–robot interaction. It can be used not only to express humans’ intents but also to communicate instructions for improvement if a robot does not understand a command correctly. It is of great importance to let robots learn from such interaction experiences in an incremental way to allow them to improve their behaviors or avoid mistakes in the future. In this paper, we propose a system to achieve such incremental learning of complex high-level behavior from natural interaction and demonstrate its implementation on a humanoid robot. Our system deploys large language models (LLMs) for high-level orchestration of the robot’s behavior based on the idea of enabling the LLM to generate Python statements in an interactive console to invoke both robot perception and action. Human instructions, environment observations, and execution results are fed back to the LLM, thus informing the generation of the next statement. Since an LLM can misunderstand (potentially ambiguous) user instructions, we introduce incremental learning from the interaction, which enables the system to learn from its mistakes. For that purpose, the LLM can call another LLM responsible for code-level improvements in the current interaction based on human feedback. Subsequently, we store the improved interaction in the robot’s memory so that it can later be retrieved on semantically similar requests. We integrate the system in the robot cognitive architecture of the humanoid robot ARMAR-6 and evaluate our methods both quantitatively (in simulation) and qualitatively (in simulation and real-world) by demonstrating generalized incrementally learned knowledge.
Quantifying Nesting Behavior Metrics of Broiler Breeder Hens with Computationally Efficient Image Processing Algorithms and Big Data Analytics
Authors: Mandiga Aravind , Li Guoming , Wilson Jeanna L. , Liu Tianming , Bodempudi Venkat Umesh Chandra , Mason Jacob Hunter
Published: October 2024

Nesting behaviors are important to understand facility design, resource allowance, animal welfare, and the health of broiler breeder hens. How to automatically extract informative nesting behavior metrics of broiler breeder hens remains a question. The objective of this work was to quantify the nesting behavior metrics of broiler breeder hens using computationally efficient image algorithms and big data analytics. Here, 20 broiler breeder hens and 1–2 roosters were raised in an experimental pen, and four pens equipped with six-nest-slot nest boxes were used for analyzing the nesting behaviors of broiler hens over the experimental period. Cameras were installed on the top of the nest boxes to monitor the hens’ behaviors, such as the time spent in the nest slot, frequency of visits to the nest slot, simultaneous nesting pattern, hourly time spent by the hens in each nest slot, and time spent before and after feed withdrawal, and videos were continuously recorded for nine days for nine hours a day when the hens were 56 weeks of age. Image processing algorithms, including template matching, thresholding, and contour detection, were developed and applied to quantify the hen nesting behavior metrics frame by frame. The results showed that the hens spent significantly different amounts of time and frequencies in different nest slots (p < 0.001). A decrease in the time spent in all nest slots from 1 pm to 9 pm was observed. The nest slots were not used 60.1% of the time. Overall, the proposed method is a helpful tool to quantify the nesting behavior metrics of broiler breeder hens and support precision broiler breeder management.
Use of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Guided Imaging Surgery in the Treatment of a Gastric Tumor in a Dog
Authors: Kim Su-Hyeon , Chae Yeon , Kang Byeong-Teck , Lee Sungin
Published: October 2024

A 13-year-old Maltese dog with an abdominal mass underwent 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) for tumor localization and metastatic evaluation. PET/CT scans revealed a gastric mass near the esophagogastric junction and demonstrated mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 4.596 and 6.234, respectively, for the abdominal mass. Subsequent surgery incorporated ICG for NIR fluorescence-guided imaging, aiding in precise tumor localization and margin assessment. The excised mass was identified as a low-grade leiomyosarcoma on histopathology. The dog underwent PET/CT imaging six months postoperatively following the excision of the mass, which confirmed the absence of recurrence or residual lesions during follow-up. NIR fluorescence imaging using ICG demonstrated efficacy in real-time tumor visualization and margin assessment, a technique not previously reported in veterinary literature. The PET/CT findings complemented the diagnosis and provided valuable insights into metastasis. The absence of recurrence or complications in postoperative follow-up underscores the potential of these imaging modalities in enhancing surgical precision and improving prognosis in canine gastric tumors.
Clostridial Infections in Cattle: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Current Data Gaps in Brazil
Authors: Salvarani Felipe Masiero , Vieira Eliel Valentin
Published: October 2024

Clostridial infections in cattle are a significant concern for Brazilian livestock. These diseases are caused by various species of Clostridium, which are known for their ability to produce potent toxins. Botulism in cattle is a serious and often fatal condition caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by C. botulinum. This bacterium thrives in decomposing organic matter, such as spoiled feed, carcasses, and contaminated water. Tetanus is less common, but it is a serious disease that follows the contamination of wounds with Clostridium tetani spores. It results in muscle stiffness, spasms, and often death due to respiratory failure. Blackleg (C. chauvoei) is a disease that primarily affects young cattle, leading to acute lameness, swelling, and high fever. Malignant edema (C. septicum and others) is characterized by rapid onset of swelling at wound sites, and it can occur after injuries or surgical procedures. Enterotoxemia is triggered by the rapid growth of C. perfringens in the gut following excessive carbohydrate intake. This leads to toxin production that causes sudden death. In conclusion, clostridial bovine infections remain a persistent challenge for Brazilian cattle farmers. With continued focus on vaccination, good management practices, and research, the impact of these diseases can be minimized, safeguarding the livestock industry’s economic viability.
Impact of Laser Ablation Strategies on Electrochemical Performances of 3D Batteries Containing Aqueous Acid Processed Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 Cathodes with High Mass Loading
Authors: Zhu Penghui , Sterzl Yannic , Pfleging Wilhelm
Published: October 2024

Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the most important energy storage devices for various applications. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve both high energy density and high-power density while reducing the production costs. Cells with three-dimensional electrodes realized by laser ablation are proven to have enhanced electrochemical performance compared to those with conventional two-dimensional electrodes, especially at fast charging/discharging. Nevertheless, laser structuring of electrodes is still limited in terms of achievable processing speed, and the upscaling of the laser structuring process is of great importance to gain a high technology readiness level. In the presented research, the impact of different laser structuring strategies on the electro-chemical performance was investigated on aqueous processed Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2 cathodes with acid addition during the slurry mixing process. Rate capability analyses of cells with laser structured aqueous processed electrodes exhibited enhanced performance with capacity increases of up to 60 mAh/g at high current density, while a 65% decrease in ionic resistance was observed for cells with laser structured electrodes. In addition, pouch cells with laser structured acid-added electrodes maintained 29–38% higher cell capacity after 500 cycles and their end-of-life was extended by a factor of about 4 in contrast to the reference cells with two-dimensional electrodes containing common organic solvent processed polyvinylidene fluoride binder.
Pruning and In-Season Canopy Manipulation Affects MidSouth Juice and Wine Phenolic Content
Authors: Williams Haley , Stafne Eric , Zhang Yan , Chang Sam
Published: October 2024

Low total soluble solids and high titratable acidity limit MidSouth use as a varietal red wine grape. While canopy management practices were reported not to have enough of an effect on these primary metabolites, they could potentially improve MidSouth secondary metabolites, broadening its potential as a wine grape. Two studies assessed the effects of different canopy management treatments on monomeric anthocyanin pigments and total phenolic content in MidSouth juice and wine. The first study compared early pruning, early pruning with leaf removal, normal pruning with leaf removal, and normal pruning. Early pruning with leaf removal showed higher total phenolics in juice and wine in 2021 but lower levels in 2020. The second study evaluated leaf removal, shoot thinning, or neither leaf removal nor shoot thinning. Leaf removal resulted in higher anthocyanins and total phenolics in 2021 juice, while shoot thinning increased total phenolics in 2021 juice and both anthocyanins and phenolics in 2021 wine. Shoot thinning demonstrated the most consistent improvement in phenolic content. MidSouth grapes can produce a range of wine phenolic content, depending on canopy management and postharvest treatment. Further investigation is needed to understand yearly variations and optimize MidSouth for regional red wine production.
A Review on Bioflocculant-Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Nkosi Nkanyiso C. , Basson Albertus K. , Ntombela Zuzingcebo G. , Dlamini Nkosinathi G. , Pullabhotla Rajasekhar V. S. R.
Published: October 2024

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are tiny materials with special features such as high electric conductivity, catalytic activity, antimicrobial activity, and optical activity. Published reports demonstrate their utilization in various fields, including biomedical, agricultural, environmental, wastewater treatment, and sensor fields. CuNPs can be produced utilizing traditional procedures; nevertheless, such procedures have restrictions like excessive consumption of energy, low production yields, and the utilization of detrimental substances. Thus, the adoption of environmentally approachable “green” approaches for copper nanoparticle synthesis is gaining popularity. These approaches involve employing plants, bacteria, and fungi. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of data regarding the application of microbial bioflocculants in the synthesis of copper NPs. Therefore, this review emphasizes copper NP production using microbial flocculants, which offer economic benefits and are sustainable and harmless. The review also provides a characterization of the synthesized copper nanoparticles, employing numerous analytical tools to determine their compositional, morphological, and topographical features. It focuses on scientific advances from January 2015 to December 2023 and emphasizes the use of synthesized copper NPs in wastewater treatment.
The Pathogenetic Role of RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling in Osteoarthritis and Related Targeted Therapies
Authors: Di Cicco Gabriele , Marzano Emanuela , Mastrostefano Andrea , Pitocco Dario , Castilho Rodrigo Simões , Zambelli Roberto , Mascio Antonio , Greco Tommaso , Cinelli Virginia , Comisi Chiara , Maccauro Giulio , Perisano Carlo
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and affects millions of people worldwide, particularly the elderly population. The pathophysiology of OA is complex and involves multiple factors. Methods: Several studies have emphasized the crucial role of inflammation in this process. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) trigger a signaling cascade that leads to the excessive production of RANKL in the serum. Conclusions: The aim of this narrative review is (i) to assess the role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway in the context of OA progression, focusing especially on the physiopathology and on all the mechanisms leading to the activation of the inflammatory cascade, and (ii) to evaluate all the potential therapeutic strategies currently available that restore balance to bone formation and resorption, reducing structural abnormalities and relieving pain in patients with OA.
Weight Loss Therapies and Hypertension Benefits
Authors: Katsi Vasiliki , Manta Eleni , Fragoulis Christos , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: October 2024

Obesity and hypertension have become an international health issue, with detrimental consequences on patients. Obesity and hypertension share common pathophysiological mechanisms, such as overactivity of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and the sympathetic nervous systems, insulin resistance, and disruption of the leptin pathway. Approved therapies for obesity and overweight include phentermine/topiramate, orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists liraglutide and semaglutide, tirzepatide, and bariatric surgery. This review gives the clinical data in a thorough manner and explains in detail how each of the previously mentioned therapies affects blood pressure levels.
Mycotoxin Detection through Colorimetric Immunoprobing with Gold Nanoparticle Antibody Conjugates
Authors: Sharma Vinayak , Javed Bilal , Byrne Hugh J. , Tian Furong
Published: October 2024

Driven by their exceptional optical characteristics, robust chemical stability, and facile bioconjugation, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a preferred material for detection and biosensing applications in scientific research. This study involves the development of a simple, rapid, and cost-effective colorimetric immuno-sensing probe to detect aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone using AuNP antibody (AuNP-mAb) conjugates. Anti-toxin antibodies were attached to the AuNPs by using the physical adsorption method. The colorimetric immunosensor developed operates on the principle that the optical properties of the AuNP are very sensitive to aggregation, which can be induced by a critical high salt concentration. Although the presence of antibodies on the AuNP surface inhibits the aggregation, these antibodies bind to the toxin with higher affinity, which leads to exposure of the surface of AuNPs and aggregation in a salt environment. The aggregation triggers a noticeable but variable alteration in color from red to purple and blueish gray, as a result of a red shift in the surface plasmon resonance band of the AuNPs. The extent of the shift is dependent on the toxin exposure dose and can be quantified using a calibration curve through UV–Visible–NIR spectroscopy. The limit of detection using this assay was determined to be as low as 0.15 ng/mL for both zearalenone and aflatoxin B1. The specificity of the prepared immunoprobe was analyzed for a particular mycotoxin in the presence of other mycotoxins. The developed immunoprobe was evaluated for real-world applicability using artificially spiked samples. This colorimetric immunoprobe based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has a reduced detection limit compared to other immunoassays, a rapid readout, low cost, and facile fabrication.
Advances in Targeted Therapy: Addressing Resistance to BTK Inhibition in B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Bravo-Gonzalez Andres , Alasfour Maryam , Soong Deborah , Noy Jose , Pongas Georgios
Published: October 2024

B-cell lymphoid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of hematologic cancers, where Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have received FDA approval for several subtypes. The first-in-class covalent BTK inhibitor, Ibrutinib, binds to the C481 amino acid residue to block the BTK enzyme and prevent the downstream signaling. Resistance to covalent BTK inhibitors (BTKi) can occur through mutations at the BTK binding site (C481S) but also other BTK sites and the phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) resulting in downstream signaling. To bypass the C481S mutation, non-covalent BTKi, such as Pirtobrutinib, were developed and are active against both wild-type and the C481S mutation. In this review, we discuss the molecular and genetic mechanisms which contribute to acquisition of resistance to covalent and non-covalent BTKi. In addition, we discuss the new emerging class of BTK degraders, which utilize the evolution of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) to degrade the BTK protein and constitute an important avenue of overcoming resistance. The moving landscape of resistance to BTKi and the development of new therapeutic strategies highlight the ongoing advances being made towards the pursuit of a cure for B-cell lymphoid malignancies.
MUC16 Retention after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Muilenburg Kathryn M. , Ehrhorn Evie G. , Olson Madeline T. , Isder Carly C. , Klute Kelsey A. , Talmon Geoffrey A. , Carlson Mark A. , Ly Quan P. , Mohs Aaron M.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis. Currently, surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment. Unfortunately, less than 20% of PDAC patients are eligible for surgical resection at diagnosis. In the past few decades, neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NCT) has been investigated as a way to downstage PDAC tumors for surgical resection. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a technique that can aid in increasing complete resection rates by enhancing the tumor through passive or active targeting of a contrast agent. In active targeting, a probe (e.g., antibody) binds a protein differentially upregulated in the tumor compared to normal tissue. Mucin 16 (MUC16), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has recently been explored as an FGS target in preclinical tumor models. However, the impact of chemotherapy on MUC16 expression is unknown. Methods: To investigate this issue, immunohistochemistry was performed on PDAC patient samples. Results: We found that MUC16 expression was retained after NCT in patient samples (mean expression = 5.7) with minimal change in expression between the matched diagnostic (mean expression = 3.66) and PDAC NCT patient samples (mean expression = 4.5). Conclusions: This study suggests that MUC16 is a promising target for FGS and other targeted therapies in PDAC patients treated with NCT.
Targeting PARP-1 and DNA Damage Response Defects in Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy with Established and Novel PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Demuth Philipp , Thibol Lea , Lemsch Anna , Potlitz Felix , Schulig Lukas , Grathwol Christoph , Manolikakes Georg , Schade Dennis , Roukos Vassilis , Link Andreas , Fahrer Jörg
Published: October 2024

The DNA repair protein PARP-1 emerged as a valuable target in the treatment of tumor entities with deficiencies of BRCA1/2, such as breast cancer. More recently, the application of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib has been expanded to other cancer entities including colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously demonstrated that PARP-1 is overexpressed in human CRC and promotes CRC progression in a mouse model. However, acquired resistance to PARPi and cytotoxicity-mediated adverse effects limit their clinical applicability. Here, we detailed the role of PARP-1 as a therapeutic target in CRC and studied the efficacy of novel PARPi compounds in wildtype (WT) and DNA repair-deficient CRC cell lines together with the chemotherapeutics irinotecan (IT), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and oxaliplatin (OXA). Based on the ComPlat molecule archive, we identified novel PARPi candidates by molecular docking experiments in silico, which were then confirmed by in vitro PARP activity measurements. Two promising candidates (X17613 and X17618) also showed potent PARP-1 inhibition in a CRC cell-based assay. In contrast to olaparib, the PARPi candidates caused no PARP-1 trapping and, consistently, were not or only weakly cytotoxic in WT CRC cells and their BRCA2- or ATR-deficient counterparts. Importantly, both PARPi candidates did not affect the viability of nonmalignant human colonic epithelial cells. While both olaparib and veliparib increased the sensitivity of WT CRC cells towards IT, no synergism was observed for X17613 and X17618. Finally, we provided evidence that all PARPi (olaparib > veliparib > X17613 > X17618) synergize with chemotherapeutic drugs (IT > OXA) in a BRCA2-dependent manner in CRC cells, whereas ATR deficiency had only a minor impact. Collectively, our study identified novel lead structures with potent PARP-1 inhibitory activity in CRC cells but low cytotoxicity due to the lack of PARP-1 trapping, which synergized with IT in homologous recombination deficiency.
Evaluating CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Real-World Multicenter Study
Authors: Fedele Palma , Landriscina Matteo , Moraca Lucia , Cusmai Antonio , Gnoni Antonio , Licchetta Antonella , Guarini Chiara , Lanotte Laura , Pappagallo Maria Nicla , Melaccio Assunta , Giordano Guido , Maselli Felicia Maria , Pinto Antonello , Giuliani Francesco , Chiuri Vincenzo , Giotta Francesco , Gadaleta-Caldarola Gennaro
Published: October 2024

Background: Metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer is commonly treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy. However, the efficacy and safety of this approach in elderly patients (≥70 years) remain unclear, particularly in the context of real-world clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and tolerability of CDK4/6 inhibitor treatments in this fragile population, which is often under-represented in randomized clinical trials. Patients and methods: This retrospective multicenter study included elderly patients with metastatic HR+/HER2-negative breast cancer receiving first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints focused on the overall survival (OS), safety, and tolerability, considering variables such as tumor subtype, age, comorbidities, and treatment specifics. Results: The median PFS and OS were slightly lower than those reported in clinical trials, reflecting the inclusion of a more fragile population. The luminal B subtype was linked to a poorer PFS, while other factors like age, BMI, and ECOG status did not significantly affect the outcomes. A safety analysis indicated a higher incidence of grade 3 or higher toxicities, especially in frail patients, leading to dose reductions. Despite these challenges, CDK4/6 inhibitors were generally well-tolerated, allowing most patients to continue therapy. Conclusions: CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy are effective in elderly patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer, though careful management is crucial to balance efficacy and minimize adverse events.
Substrate Preferences and Interspecific Affinities of Antarctic Macroalgae: Insights from Maxwell Bay, King George Island
Authors: Ko Young Wook , Yang Kwon Mo , Choi Han-Gu
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the diversity and ecological dynamics of macroalgae in Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, focusing on species distribution, substrate composition, and interspecific interactions. Across nine survey sites, 31 macroalgal species were recorded, with 12 species identified as significant due to their considerable relative frequency, coverage, and biomass. Palmaria decipiens was the most dominant species in terms of frequency and coverage, while Desmarestia anceps had the highest biomass. The study revealed distinct substrate preferences, with P. decipiens favoring cobble and mud substrates, and Himantothallus grandifolius associating predominantly with pebble substrates. A core group of species, including Plocamium sp., H. grandifolius, Picconiella plumosa, Iridaea sp., and Trematocarpus antarcticus, exhibited strong ecological interactions characterized by high substrate similarity and mutual affinity. In contrast, pioneer species like P. decipiens and Monostroma hariotii showed lower affinity with other species, reflecting their early successional roles. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex interspecific relationships within Antarctic macroalgal assemblage and provide valuable baseline data for future ecological studies in the region.
Assessment of the Impact of Land Use on Biodiversity Based on Multiple Scenarios—A Case Study of Southwest China
Authors: Kuang Yingzhi , Zhou Hao , Yin Lun
Published: October 2024

The main causes of habitat conversion, degradation, and fragmentation—all of which add to the loss in biodiversity—are human activities, such as urbanization and farmland reclamation. In order to inform scientific land management and biodiversity conservation strategies and, therefore, advance sustainable development, it is imperative to evaluate the effects of land-use changes on biodiversity, especially in areas with high biodiversity. Using data from five future land-use scenarios under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), this study systematically assesses the characteristics of land-use and landscape pattern changes in southwest China by 2050. This study builds a comprehensive biodiversity index and forecasts trends in species richness and habitat quality using models like Fragstats and InVEST to evaluate the overall effects of future land-use changes on biodiversity. The research yielded the subsequent conclusions: (1) Grasslands and woods will continue to be the primary land uses in southwest China in the future. But the amount of grassland is expected to decrease by 11,521 to 102,832 km2, and the amounts of wasteland and urban area are expected to increase by 8130 to 16,293 km2 and 4028 to 19,677 km2, respectively. Furthermore, it is anticipated that metropolitan areas will see an increase in landscape fragmentation and shape complexity, whereas forests and wastelands will see a decrease in these aspects. (2) In southwest China, there is a synergistic relationship between species richness and habitat quality, and both are still at relatively high levels. In terms of species richness and habitat quality, the percentage of regions categorized as outstanding and good range from 71.63% to 74.33% and 70.13% to 75.83%, respectively. The environmental circumstances for species survival and habitat quality are expected to worsen in comparison to 2020, notwithstanding these high levels. Western Sichuan, southern Guizhou, and western Yunnan are home to most of the high-habitat-quality and species-richness areas, while the western plateau is home to the majority of the lower scoring areas. (3) The majority of areas (89.84% to 94.29%) are forecast to undergo little change in the spatial distribution of biodiversity in southwest China, and the general quality of the ecological environment is predicted to stay favorable. Except in the SSP1-RCP2.6 scenario, however, it is expected that the region with declining biodiversity will exceed those with increasing biodiversity. In comparison to 2020, there is a projected decline of 1.0562% to 5.2491% in the comprehensive biodiversity index. These results underscore the major obstacles to the conservation of biodiversity in the area, highlighting the need to fortify macro-level land-use management, put into practice efficient regional conservation plans, and incorporate traditional knowledge in order to save biodiversity.
Dietary Biomarkers of Vegetable and Fruit Intake in Asians: An Epidemiological Systematic Review
Authors: Tousen Yuko , Ikaga Reina , Yasudomi Ai , Sasaki Naho , Kobori Toshiro , Kobori Masuko , Takimoto Hidemi
Published: October 2024

Accurate estimation of food intake is necessary to clarify the relationship between dietary intake and particular health conditions; however, self-reported assessments often result in estimation errors. In addition, increasing evidence indicates an association between a higher intake of fruits and vegetables and a lower risk of some diseases, and many countries are encouraging their consumption. Biomarkers of vegetable and fruit intake are important tools for objectively estimating dietary intake in nutritional epidemiological studies. To determine the association between vegetable and fruit intake and blood biomarkers, we systematically reviewed relevant literature on Asians. Databases, PubMed, and CiNii Articles were searched for English and Japanese articles. Of the 91 articles retrieved, 4 were selected for review, including 2 cross-sectional studies, 1 longitudinal study, and 1 randomized trial. Our literature review showed that vegetable consumption is positively associated with plasma concentrations of γ-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, threonate, galactarate, creatine, and ascorbic acid. In comparison, fruit consumption is positively associated with blood concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, retinyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, proline betaine, threonate, and galactarate. Therefore, blood β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and ascorbic acid concentrations may be useful biomarkers for predicting vegetable and fruit intake in Asian population.
Deep Learning for Epileptic Seizure Detection Using a Causal-Spatio-Temporal Model Based on Transfer Entropy
Authors: Sun Jie , Xiang Jie , Dong Yanqing , Wang Bin , Zhou Mengni , Ma Jiuhong , Niu Yan
Published: October 2024

Drug-resistant epilepsy is frequent, persistent, and brings a heavy economic burden to patients and their families. Traditional epilepsy detection methods ignore the causal relationship of seizures and focus on a single time or spatial dimension, and the effect varies greatly in different patients. Therefore, it is necessary to research accurate automatic detection technology of epilepsy in different patients. We propose a causal-spatio-temporal graph attention network (CSTGAT), which uses transfer entropy (TE) to construct a causal graph between multiple channels, combining graph attention network (GAT) and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) to capture temporal dynamic correlation and spatial topological structure information. The accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the SWEZ dataset were 97.24%, 97.92%, and 98.11%. The accuracy of the private dataset reached 98.55%. The effectiveness of each module was proven through ablation experiments and the impact of different network construction methods was compared. The experimental results indicate that the causal relationship network constructed by TE could accurately capture the information flow of epileptic seizures, and GAT and BiLSTM could capture spatiotemporal dynamic correlations. This model accurately captures causal relationships and spatiotemporal correlations on two datasets, and it overcomes the variability of epileptic seizures in different patients, which may contribute to clinical surgical planning.
Assessing Stability in Renewable Microgrid Using a Novel-Optimized Controller for PVBattery Based Micro Grid with Opal-RT-Based Real-Time Validation
Authors: Satpathy Anshuman , Baharom Rahimi Bin , Hannon Naeem M. S. , Nayak Niranjan , Dhar Snehamoy
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the distributed generation (DG) controller of a PV-based microgrid. An independent DG controller (IDGC) is designed for PV applications to improve Maximum-Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The Extreme-Learning Machine (ELM)-based MPPT method exactly estimates the controller’s reference input, such as the voltage and current at the MPP. Feedback controls employ linear PI schemes or nonlinear, intricate techniques. Here, the converter controller is an IDGC that is improved by directly measuring the converter duty cycle and PWM index in a single DG PV-based MG. It introduces a fast-learning Extreme-Learning Machine (ELM) using the Moore–Penrose pseudo-inverse technique and online sequential ridge methods for robust control reference (CR) estimation. This approach ensures the stability of the microgrid during PV uncertainties and various operational conditions. The internal DG control approach improves the stability of the microgrid during a three-phase fault at the load bus, partial shading, irradiance changes, islanding operations, and load changes. The model is designed and simulated on the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform, and some of the results are validated on a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform.
Advanced Energy Management in a Sustainable Integrated Hybrid Power Network Using a Computational Intelligence Control Strategy
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Usman , Malik Suheel Abdullah , Daraz Amil , Alrajhi Hasan , Alahmadi Ahmed N. M. , Afzal Abdul Rahman
Published: October 2024

The primary goal of a power distribution system is to provide nominal voltages and power with minimal losses to meet consumer demands under various load conditions. In the distribution system, power loss and voltage uncertainty are the common challenges. However, these issues can be resolved by integrating distributed generation (DG) units into the distribution network, which improves the overall power quality of the network. If a DG unit with an appropriate size is not inserted at the appropriate location, it might have an adverse impact on the power system’s operation. Due to the arbitrary incorporation of DG units, some issues occur such as more fluctuations in voltage, power losses, and instability, which have been observed in power distribution networks (DNs). To address these problems, it is essential to optimize the placement and sizing of DG units to balance voltage variations, reduce power losses, and improve stability. An efficient and reliable strategy is always required for this purpose. Ensuring more stable, safer, and dependable power system operation requires careful examination of the optimal size and location of DG units when integrated into the network. As a result, DG should be integrated with power networks in the most efficient way possible to enhance power dependability, quality, and performance by reducing power losses and improving the voltage profile. In order to improve the performance of the distribution system by using optimal DG integration, there are several optimization techniques to take into consideration. Computational-intelligence-based optimization is one of the best options for finding the optimal solution. In this research work, a computational intelligence approach is proposed to find the appropriate sizes and optimal placements of newly introduced different types of DGs into a network with an optimized multi-objective framework. This framework prioritizes stability, minimizes power losses, and improves voltage profiles. This proposed method is simple, robust, and efficient, and converges faster than conventional techniques, making it a powerful tool of inspiration for efficient optimization. In order to check the validity of the proposed technique standard IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus benchmark test systems are considered, and the performance and feasibility of the proposed framework are analyzed and tested on them. Detailed simulations have been performed in “MATLAB”, and the results show that the proposed method enhances the performance of the power system more efficiently as compared to conventional methods.
Strong-Motion-Duration-Dependent Power Spectral Density Functions Compatible with Design Response Spectra
Authors: Montejo Luis A.
Published: October 2024

The development of a suitable set of input ground motions is crucial for dynamic time history analyses. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires that these motions generate response spectra closely matching the plant’s design spectrum. Additionally, the NRC recommends verifying the motions’ power spectral densities (PSDs) against a target function to ensure sufficient energy across all frequencies. Current NRC guidelines in Standard Review Plan (SRP) provide a general method for creating target PSDs for any design spectrum. However, this method does not explicitly consider the influence of strong motion duration on the relationship between PSD and response spectrum. This article proposes an improved approach that incorporates the expected strong motion duration into the target PSD generation process. The method first constructs a Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) compatible with both the design spectrum and the expected strong motion duration. Subsequently, a large set of synthetic motions based on this FAS is used to construct the target PSD function. It is shown that current target PSD functions tabulated in SRP 3.7.1 implicitly infer an expected strong motion duration of approximately 9 s. The proposed method can be used to construct target PSDs tailored to different strong motion durations.
Exploring the Use of Videos and Virtual Simulations in College Microbiology Lab Courses: Student Perception and Pros and Cons
Authors: Akamu Ewunkem Jude , High Rochelle , Iloghalu Uchenna B. , Ahmed Yaser , Jeffers-Francis Liesl K.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore the advantages and drawbacks associated with the integration of videos and virtual simulations in university microbiology lab courses, comparing them to the traditional in-person approach at North Carolina A&T State University. Utilizing QualtricsXM survey software (XM/os2), data from 190 survey responses were analyzed to understand students’ preferences and perceptions. Participants were asked about their preferred learning style—traditional in-person, virtual, or a combination of both. Results indicated that 57.2% of students favored a hybrid approach, combining traditional in-person and virtual microbiology lab experiences, while 30.6% preferred in-person learning and 12.4% leaned towards virtual learning. Exploring student perceptions of lab simulations (Labster 7.25.0) and YouTube videos in comprehending microbiology lab etiquette, 65% found these resources beneficial, whereas 13.1% did not. When assessing students’ enjoyment of virtual lab simulations, responses varied, with 68.8% agreeing, 18% neither agreeing nor disagreeing, and 12.8% disagreeing with the statement “I enjoyed the virtual lab simulations”. This extensive exploration into student perspectives contributes insights for educators and institutions, guiding the development of effective pedagogical strategies in microbiology education amidst evolving instructional modalities. The findings underscore the significance of accommodating diverse learning preferences to enhance overall learning experiences. As educational institutions continue to work to recover from setbacks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, results from this study will empower stakeholders to update their plans for responding to future pandemics.
The Battle beyond the Battlefield: War’s Influence on Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Granata Guido , Cicalini Stefania , Petrosillo Nicola
Published: October 2024

In July 2024, poliovirus was identified in Gaza, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning regarding the potential for polio to spread in the region [...]