bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated with Lowering Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Matched Nonrheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: An JaeJin , Alemao Evo , Reynolds Kristi , Kawabata Hugh , Solomon Daniel H. , Liao Katherine P. , Niu Fang , Cheetham T. Craig
Published: September 2016

Objective.

To examine the associations between lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients without it.

Methods.

Adult patients with RA and 2 age- and sex-matched control cohorts [RA plus general controls (RA/GN), RA plus osteoarthritis (OA) controls (RA/OA)] were identified between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011. Patients with a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia who initiated statin therapy without prior CV events were included. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were used.

Results.

The study identified 1522 patients with RA with 6511 general controls (RA/GN cohort); and 1746 patients with RA with 2554 OA controls (RA/OA cohort). During followup, mean (SD) LDL-C (mg/dl) was 96.8 (32.7) for RA, 100.1 (35.1) for general controls, and 99.1 (34.3) for OA. The relationship between lowering LDL-C and CV outcomes was similar for both RA and non-RA controls (p for interaction = 0.852 in RA/GN cohort, and p = 0.610 in RA/OA cohort). After adjusting for baseline CV risk factors, lowering LDL-C was associated with a 29%–50% lower risk of CV events (HR [95% CI] = 0.71 [0.57–0.89] in RA/GN, 0.50 [0.43–0.58] in RA/OA). Subgroup analyses showed that lowering LDL-C was associated with a similar degree of reduction of CV events in RA and non-RA controls (HR of 0.67–0.68 for RA, 0.72 for general controls, 0.76 for OA controls).

Conclusion.

Lowering LDL-C levels was associated with reduced CV events. The relationship between lowering LDL-C and CV outcomes in RA was similar to the relationship found in matched general and OA controls.
Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis: Pathophysiological Concepts and Current Treatment Strategies
Authors: Hofmann Sigrun R. , Schnabel Anja , Rösen-Wolff Angela , Morbach Henner , Girschick Hermann J. , Hedrich Christian M.
Published: September 2016

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an autoinflammatory bone disorder, covering a clinical spectrum with asymptomatic inflammation of single bones at the one end, and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) at the other end. The exact molecular pathophysiology of CNO remains largely unknown. Provided familial clusters and the association with inflammatory disorders of the skin and intestine suggest a genetic predisposition. Recently, profound dysregulation of cytokine responses was demonstrated in CRMO. Failure to produce antiinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-19 contributes to activation of inflammasomes and subsequent IL-1β release. In IL-10–deficient and in CNO-prone chronic multifocal osteomyelitis mice, IL-1β was linked to bone inflammation. Further, alterations to the gut microbiome were suggested in contributing to IL-1β release from innate immune cells in mice, offering an interesting target in the search for molecular mechanisms in CNO. Here, we summarize clinical presentation and treatment options in CNO/CRMO, current pathophysiological concepts, available mouse models, and promising future scientific directions.
Reevaluación del complejo Helichrysum italicum (Compositae: Gnaphalieae): una nueva especie en Mallorca (Islas Baleares)
Authors: Herrando-Moraira S. , Blanco-Moreno J. M. , Sáez L. , Galbany-Casals M.
Published: September 2016

Helichrysum italicum es una especie con una amplia distribución en la cuenca Mediterránea, la cual ha recibido tratamientos taxonómicos controvertidos a nivel infraespecifico debido a su variabilidad morfológica. En este trabajo realizamos un detallado análisis multivariante de los caracteres morfológicos sobre la base de un muestreo exhaustivo de H. italicum. Integrando datos moleculares y corológicos previamente publicados con los datos morfológicos obtenidos, se presenta una revisión del tratamiento taxonómico para todo el complejo H. italicum. Por un lado, los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las poblaciones de H. italicum subsp. microphyllum localizadas en la montaña de Mallorca deben ser consideradas como una especie independiente, descrita aquí como Helichrysum massanellanum. Por otro lado, las subespecies de H. italicum son recircunscritas. Se propone una nueva combinación, H. italicum subsp. tyrrhenicum, un taxón que comprende poblaciones de Córcega, Cerdeña, la costa de Mallorca y el islote de Dragonera, mientras que la subsp. microphyllum queda restringida a la isla de Creta. Con estas modificaciones sustanciales, se presenta un tratamiento taxonómico completo y nuevo para este grupo, incluyendo una clave de identificación, sinónimos, descripciones morfológicas, áreas de distribución y caracterización del hábitat.
Evaluation of Several New Models to Teach English as a Second Language
Authors: Wang Jian
Published: September 2016

With the development of modern society, it is commonly accepted in China that English as a second language has attracted much attention especially for students. How to select an appropriate model to learn English is still an important question. After the induction of some relevant attributes related to the assessment of this problem, the key point is to propose a method to assess different models, which can be considered as a MADM problem. To date, many attempts by researchers have been done, but there are still some drawbacks. Thus, in order to overcome the weakness in existing methods, an intuitionsitic fuzzy multiple decision making method is proposed in this paper to acquire an optimal model including the construction of a decision matrix, aggregation operators, score function and a method for determining the weights of attributes. Finally, an example is demonstrated to verify the applicability of the method proposed in this paper.
Application of E-Learning Assessment Based on AHP-BP Algorithm in the Cloud Computing Teaching Platform
Authors: Hu Chuanfu
Published: September 2016

With the increasing development of the Internet, students began to learn quickly through information technology and Internet technology. E-learning is not only an important part of China's higher education, but also is an important means to improve the quality of education, expand the scale of education, deepen educational reform, and realize the educational equity among different classes in society. However, the problem of E-learning is becoming increasingly obvious, which is how to ensure students' effective learning, an important topic in the field of online education. In order to solve this problem, we first build an E-learning platform based on cloud computing, and introduce the software interface and function. The platform is different from the traditional teaching platform, having a strong interaction. Secondly, the data mining technology is used to analyze and collect the record data in the process of E-learning, so as to establish the evaluation system of the E-learning comprehensive capability. Then, we propose an E-learning ability evaluation model based on an AHP-BP neural network algorithm. We use a BP neural network to predict the evaluation results of 1000 students, and compare them with the results obtained by the AHP method, so as to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed in this article. Finally, through experiments we can see that the prediction results of the BP neural network and the evaluation results obtained by the AHP method are similar. This proves the effectiveness of the AHP method on the evaluation of the E-learning comprehensive capability. At the same time, the BP neural network method can be used to deal with a large number of evaluation results, which can save time, without losing accuracy.
Application of Teaching Quality Assessment Based on Parallel Genetic Support Vector Algorithm in the Cloud Computing Teaching System
Authors: Hu Haifeng , Zheng Junhui
Published: September 2016

With the rapid development of China's economy in recent years, the scale of students has expanded gradually, which has led to many new problems, including the problems of the quality and the quantity of teachers, and the teaching facilities being insufficient. The assessment of teaching quality is one of the most important aspects of teaching management, which come to the attention of every university. Therefore, it has become the current focus in the research of university teaching. At the same time, the traditional method of teaching quality assessment has not been able to deal with the phenomenon of big data in the field of education. As a new technology, cloud computing provides a broad space for the development of a new model in the aspects of hardware environment construction, software resource development, network teaching implementation and personal knowledge management. In order to effectively deal with the challenges of big data processing in the field of education, this paper proposes a GA-SVM teaching quality assessment algorithm which is based on MapReduce. Through the design of a map function and reduce function, this paper realizes the parallelization of the GA-SVM algorithm and the selection of the main parameters. Secondly, this paper uses a genetic algorithm to optimize the penalty coefficient and kernel parameters of SVM, and then solves the problem of difficulty in determining the parameters of support vectors. In addition, we improve the sensitivity of the search through the method of logarithmic transformation, and speed up the convergence rate of the GA model. Finally, we compare the parallel algorithm and the serial algorithm on the Hadoop platform. The results of experiments show that the GA-SVM based on MapReduce is suitable for teaching quality assessment under the environment of big data.
Teaching Model of College English Using a Computer Network
Authors: Hu Haiqing
Published: September 2016

Motivation for reform and development for teaching of college English is strengthened by the increasing popularity of computers and global network technology. This paper analyzes the relationship between computer network teaching and the improvement of students’ autonomous learning ability, and the advantage of computer network teaching in actual teaching based on reviewing the theoretical basis and several learning models for autonomous learning done in the spirit of College English Curriculum Requirements issued in 2008. The promotion of a new teaching model for the improvement of students’ autonomous learning ability has been verified by the research and survey on teaching model of college English under the environment of computer network in Xi-dian University.
Computer Network Assisted Teaching of College English Reading
Authors: Xu Meng , Lv Kang , Bi Xinwen
Published: September 2016

The use of modern science and technology related to teaching equipment has created a new mode of English reading, and the network environment has opened a new world for English reading. In this paper, the advantages, feasibility, operation and current problems of computer network assisted teaching of English reading are analyzed and discussed.
Research on Key Techniques for Enginery Teaching Platform Based on Computer Dynamic Simulation Technique
Authors: Guo Huiping , Zhu Lin , Yan Fengxin
Published: September 2016

The web teaching platform based on virtual reality technique is a challenge to the traditional teaching mode and a necessity with the development and maturity of information technologies. Based on the easily made and operated VR techniques with its immersion and interactivity, this paper combined resources about the enginery knowledge and information to build the overall platform. It significantly improves users’ feeling about and understanding of the part models. It can be visually perceived and is flexible and convenient, providing users with operating experience which makes virtual reality and the real world consistent with each other. Eventually, both people and models can dynamically interact and perceptively communicate with each other.
Computer English Teaching Model Based on Multimedia Platform
Authors: Shi Shaohua
Published: September 2016

Currently, multimedia-assisted foreign language teaching is a topic of high interest in the field of foreign language teaching. The combination between multimedia and foreign language teaching enables the teaching activity to integrate functions, such as words, phrases, sounds, images, figures and animations which can arouse and stimulate the students’ enthusiasm and initiative as well as improve the teaching efficiency. However, the insufficient study of current foreign language teaching on both of the theories and practices of the multimedia-assisted foreign language teaching results in an unsatisfactory outcome of the multimedia-assisted teaching utilized by many foreign language teachers in middle school. Based on the knowledge and analysis of the status quo of the multimedia-assisted foreign language teaching and its design, this paper systematically discusses its contents of listening, speaking, reading and writing as well as its design, aiming at promoting teachers to spontaneously use the multimedia in the foreign language teaching, taking the maximum advantage of the multimedia-assisted teaching.
College English Teaching Design and Practice Based on Cross-cultural Theory
Authors: Zhao Xin , Gu Shuang , Yu Shanshan , Gao Mingli
Published: September 2016

The theoretical bases for the thesis are cross-cultural foreign language education theory, systemic education theory and multimedia-assisted English teaching theory. At first, the thesis summarizes and analyzes every unit involving cultural knowledge in College English textbook Oxford English used in Shanghai at present, demonstrating the feasibility of culture teaching in the elementary stage of College English. Then based on systemic teaching theories, the thesis analyzes teaching aim, teaching demand, teaching environment, teaching content, teaching strategies, evaluative strategies and implementation of culture teaching. Next, the thesis designs specific courses to match daily teaching activities by way of collecting culture teaching materials, designing culture teaching content and relevant teaching strategies. When designing specific courses, I take advice from experts and teachers on the front, develop three teaching cases and use courseware for teaching practice.
Classifying the Usage of Multiple Objective Decision Making Techniques in Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Ghazi A. , Lotfi F. Hosseinzadeh , Jahanshahloo G. H. , Sanei M.
Published: September 2016

There exist a wide range of research studies that apply the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and vice versa. Also, MCDM is divided into two subsets, Multiobjective Decision Making (MODM) and Multiattribute Decision Making (MADM). Early studies of DEA methodology utilized the MODM concepts and consequently, most studies in the relationships between MCDM and DEA have involved the usage of MODM techniques in DEA. There remains a large volume of papers in this field; yet, none of them classifies this relationship. Hence, in this research the authors focused on classification of this field that is divided into six groups. Then, some papers in each group are selected for consideration.
Advancing Instructional Coaching with Teacher Formative Assessment and Input
Authors: Lekwa Adam J. , Reddy Linda A. , Shernoff Elisa S.
Published: September 2016

With increased attention to teacher quality and accountability, instructional coaching has emerged as a popular form of teacher support and professional development in literacy and other areas of instruction. Despite significant interest from school personnel, researchers, and federal funders, there remains a lack of consensus around the key components and activities of instructional coaching. To that end, studies that use quantitative and qualitative methods can offer valuable information on the development and validation of coaching practices. This chapter briefly describes the Classroom Strategies Assessment System Coaching Model that draws on the adult learning and formative assessment literature. We offer key observations of educators' knowledge of and experience in instructional coaching from focus groups conducted with teachers in high-poverty, urban elementary schools. Directions for practice and research are discussed.
Not Just a Teacher
Authors: Zimmerbaum Kate
Published: September 2016

In this chapter, the author reflects on her development as a teacher leader. Using self-study based in narrative inquiry, she describes the current interest in teacher leadership and why it has become such a prominent topic in education. By exploring her own experiences in light of current research on the topic, she analyzes how teachers become leaders, the benefits to the profession of teacher leadership, some of the challenges teacher leaders face, and possible paths forward for teacher leaders. In addition, she delineates new expectations and challenges facing today's literacy leaders.
Perspectives on Teacher Research
Authors: Lawrence Salika A. , Kaplan Rochelle G. , Chernobilsky Ellina
Published: September 2016

Given the diversity encountered in today's classrooms, teacher research presents an opportunity for teachers to discuss how to conduct research and benefit from self-study in their own classrooms. Although teachers derive their decision-making through different paths, in this chapter the authors explore the practices teachers apply when engaging in research and teachers' perceptions about the benefits and challenges of classroom inquiry. Data from teachers' self-reports are examined to determine the extent to which teachers' classroom research impacted their practices. Teachers reported that classroom inquiry was a beneficial form of professional growth because it helped them to closely examine the relationship between teaching and learning through close examination of data and student practices. However, teachers consistently reported that limited time hindered ongoing inquiry and opportunities to collaborate with colleagues.
Coaching as a Grass Roots Effort for Building Leadership Capacity
Authors: Keith Karin J. , Jennings LaShay , Moran Renee
Published: September 2016

Literacy coaches fulfill many roles that enrich the lives of teachers and students. In order for coaches to successfully build leadership capacity, teachers must know the purpose and role of the coach. In this chapter a model of coaching is presented as well as how the coach can facilitate activities that transform the culture of the school. In the model presented, the coach's agency influenced teachers to systematically inquire into their own teaching practices, regularly use data to drive instructional decisions, and reflect upon their decision making practices in ways that promoted literacy growth and success for all stakeholders. The agency included coaching roles of resource provider, data coach, demonstrator of classroom practices, observer of classroom practices, and job-embedded professional development. Additionally, the literacy coach served as a change agent and built teacher capacity taking on these roles.
Exploring Literacy Assessment through Teacher Leader Collaborative Inquiry
Authors: Hong Carrie E. , Mongillo Geraldine , Moore Noreen
Published: September 2016

This chapter focuses on teacher leaders' coaching practice that fosters collaborative, inquiry-based, professional learning among classroom teachers to improve P-12 literacy assessment. The chapter reports on a research study that examines classroom teachers' leadership and coaching experience as a required assignment of the graduate level course in the M.Ed. in Literacy program. Based on the research findings, the chapter offers strategies for initiating, implementing, and evaluating collaborative inquiries on classroom or school-wide literacy assessment. The chapter includes suggestions for effective ways to implement and evaluate coaching to improve literacy assessment. Further, an implementation model and checklist for the effective collaboration and literacy coaching created based on the study suggests step-by-step processes and techniques to be used in urban and suburban P-12 schools.
Teacher Leadership
Authors: Pepin Gina
Published: September 2016

This chapter focuses on teachers as literacy leaders in P-12 urban and suburban schools. A review of research highlights teacher leadership implementation, organizational approaches, and current leadership models and standards. Chapter components outline the evolution of traditional and nontraditional roles and responsibilities for teacher leaders, teacher leadership qualities, teacher leadership models and theories, and teacher leadership preparation programs. Secondly, teacher leadership workplace resistance and weaknesses in current teacher preparation programs are discussed. Thus, this chapter provides recommendations for teacher leaders and teacher leadership preparation programs facing challenges associated with distributed leadership and transformational change. Finally, this chapter focuses on literacy leadership as a catalyst for improving practices and driving school-wide reform at the P-12 level.
Gain Time and Differentiate to Meet Student Needs in University Learning Environments
Authors: Rosen Lauren Beth , Maeda Magara , Roberts Natalia
Published: September 2016

Flipped learning is a way to regain lost time and provide support for students where they really need it. This became especially apparent in Interactive Two-way Videoconference (ITV) based distance courses where lost time and difficulties differentiating for students across multiple campuses created great frustration. Language educators are very accustomed to and comfortable with students working in groups and pairs, unlike other disciplines, to problem solve, think critically and develop content. This chapter discusses how Russian and Japanese instructors moved the “fact learning” parts of lessons to independent study while increasing opportunities for students to practice creating with the language in a supported teacher-guided environment. In the process, they regained lost time to focus on increasing student proficiency, addressed specific student misconceptions, and more easily differentiated instruction to meet student learning styles.
Flipping the Academic Writing Classroom
Authors: Kirk Steven , Casenove David
Published: September 2016

Over the past two decades, flipped learning has become a buzz word in education discussions. Flipped learning was first applied to science teaching, where lecture has traditionally been the primary means of delivering new content to students (Bergmann & Sams, 2012). While many teachers have heard the term, it is often not well understood, and its application to English language teaching has not yet been explored in depth. This chapter aims to show how the flipped learning paradigm can be applied to an EFL academic writing class. This will be supported with empirical research involving surveys of students in an EFL scientific writing class, to examine how students interact with the video content, and their perceptions of the flipped learning format. This research differs from most previous research in focusing on how students are interacting with the materials in a flipped classroom context, rather than only focusing on the learning outcomes.
Academic Writing in the Flipped EFL Classroom
Authors: Gasmi Afef Ahmed , Thomas Michael
Published: September 2016

During the last few years flipped classrooms have aimed to provide more authentic forms of student engagement in which learners have greater opportunity to utilise classroom time more effectively. This chapter reports on a preliminary study conducted in a private higher education institution in Oman involving 16 students enrolled in Level 3 of the English GFP (General Foundation program). It investigated the effect of the flipped model on the engagement of EFL (English as Foreign Language) learners in writing skills, focusing specifically on their cognitive, behavioural, emotional, and agentic levels of engagement. Students' self-report questionnaires and focus group interviews were used in a mixed methods approach. The results revealed that students' overall level of behavioural and emotional engagement was closely related to their cognitive engagement and agency. The chapter calls for more research on the flipped classroom in relation to writing skills as well as the need to identify strategies to help with the extra non-classroom activities required of them.
Determinants of the Risk-Taking Attitude among Small Equity Investors
Authors: Ali Imran , Al-Sabaan Saleh , Mandurah Saud
Published: September 2016

This study explores the personality traits, perceived personal control, behavioral biases, culture, and socio-demographics in determining individual equity investor's risk assumption attitude. The study uses a survey approach to collect responses from small equity investors. A conceptual model is developed and hypotheses are tested through structure equation model (SEM). The result identifies personality traits, perceived personal control, behavioral biases, cultural factor and socio-demographic variables as strong determinants of small equity investor's risk assumption attitude.
An Evolutionary Simulation Model of the Effect of Innovation and Firm Dynamics on Market Power
Authors: Santos Juan Luis , Navarro Tomás Mancha , Pablo-Martí Federico
Published: September 2016

This paper presents an agent-based simulation with the main insights from business theory to study firm growth and firm dynamics in a stochastic evolutionary model. Firm growth behavior and firm dynamics are defined according to the results of a panel data for a set of manufacturing markets for the Spanish economy. Then the effect of the economic growth on firm dynamics and subsequently the effect on market power are determined. The article shows that since the emergence of the current crisis three industrial sectors have increased business concentration. These three sectors were the ones with the highest concentration out of the five sectors studied. Product and process innovation are also included in the model and how they modify production and demand. The model presented also shows how firms adapt to changes in desired product characteristics and the effect of crisis on these dynamics.
Constructing a Collocation Learning System from the Wikipedia Corpus
Authors: Wu Shaoqun , Li Liang , Witten Ian H. , Yu Alex
Published: September 2016

The importance of collocations for success in language learning is widely recognized. Concordancers, originally designed for linguists, are among the most popular tools for students to obtain, organize, and study collocations derived from corpora. This paper describes the design and development of a collocation learning system that is built from Wikipedia text and provides language learners with an easy-to-use interface for looking up collocations of any word that occurs in Wikipedia. The use of this corpus exposes learners to contemporary, content-related text, and enables them to search for semantically related words for a given topic. The system organizes collocations by syntactic pattern, sorts them by frequency, and links them to their original context. The paper includes a practical user guide to illustrate how to use the system as a language aid to facilitate academic writing.
A Spanish-Finnish Telecollaboration to Develop Intercultural Competence and Learner Autonomy
Authors: Vurdien Ruby , Puranen Pasi
Published: September 2016

Telecollaboration enables students from different geographical locations to interact in a more authentic environment, share their views with their partners, create profiles as well as build online communities enjoying common interests. With this in mind, a Spanish-Finnish task-based project was designed to examine how students perceived their cultural exchange via Facebook and the extent to which such online interactions assisted them in becoming autonomous learners. Nineteen Spanish and seventeen Finnish participants were provided with the opportunity to interact with each other outside the classroom with a view to exploring the target culture and, consequently, experiencing intercultural learning. The findings suggest that the learning experience was positive and that the participants felt motivated to examine each other's cultural traits and manage their own learning tasks. Sharing information and reciprocally exchanging views on comments are paramount in developing skills to become independent learners.
Integrated Approach for Automatic Crackle Detection Based on Fractal Dimension and Box Filtering
Authors: Pinho Cátia , Oliveira Ana , Jácome Cristina , Rodrigues João Manuel , Marques Alda
Published: September 2016

Crackles are adventitious respiratory sounds (RS) that provide valuable information on different respiratory conditions. Nevertheless, crackles automatic detection in RS is challenging, mainly when collected in clinical settings. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for automatic crackle detection/characterisation and to evaluate its performance and accuracy against a multi-annotator gold standard. The algorithm is based on 4 main procedures: i) recognition of a potential crackle; ii) verification of its validity; iii) characterisation of crackles parameters; and iv) optimisation of the algorithm parameters. Twenty-four RS files acquired in clinical settings were selected from 10 patients with pneumonia and cystic fibrosis. The algorithm performance was assessed by comparing its results with a multi-annotator gold standard agreement. High level of overall performance (F-score=92%) was achieved. The results highlight the potential of the algorithm for automatic crackle detection and characterisation of RS acquired in clinical settings.
Translation of Medical Texts using Neural Networks
Authors: Wolk Krzysztof , Marasek Krzysztof P.
Published: September 2016

The quality of machine translation is rapidly evolving. Today one can find several machine translation systems on the web that provide reasonable translations, although the systems are not perfect. In some specific domains, the quality may decrease. A recently proposed approach to this domain is neural machine translation. It aims at building a jointly-tuned single neural network that maximizes translation performance, a very different approach from traditional statistical machine translation. Recently proposed neural machine translation models often belong to the encoder-decoder family in which a source sentence is encoded into a fixed length vector that is, in turn, decoded to generate a translation. The present research examines the effects of different training methods on a Polish-English Machine Translation system used for medical data. The European Medicines Agency parallel text corpus was used as the basis for training of neural and statistical network-based translation systems. A comparison and implementation of a medical translator is the main focus of our experiments.
New or little known Nomada Scopoli from Italy (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae)
Authors: Nobile Vittorio , Turrisi Giuseppe Fabrizio
Published: September 2016

The authors, after examination of some collections of the genus Nomada scopoli, obtain the following novelties regarding the Italian fauna: N. furvoides is new for latium, N. emarginata is new for Lombardy and Latium, N. corcyraea is new for Lombardy, Latium and Sardinia, N. bispinosa, N. atroscutellaris and N. pectoralis are new for Latium and Sicily, N. rufipes is new for Latium and Abruzzo, N. symphyti is new for Abruzzo, N. incisa and N. rubiginosa are new for peninsular Italy, N. duplex is confirmed for peninsular Italy and Sicily, N. b. bifasciata is confirmed for Sicily; N. erythrocephala, N. facilis, N. piccioliana and N. stoeckherti are new for Sicily, N. posthuma, N. pleurosticta, N. calimorpha, N. fenestrata, N. noskiewiczi, N. opaca and N. trispinosa are new for Italy.
Miettiella vespertilio, nuovo genere nuova specie dei Monti Lessini veronesi (Veneto, Italia) (Coleoptera Cholevidae Leptodirinae)
Authors: Piva Erminio
Published: September 2016

In questo lavoro viene descritta Miettiella vespertilio n. gen. n. sp. dei Monti Lessini veronesi (Veneto, Italia); per l’insieme dei caratteri risulta appartenere alla “serie filetica di Boldoria”. Infine, vengono forniti dati inediti su Monguzziella grottoloi.
Alcune specie di Pyraloidea nuove per la fauna dell’Italia meridionale (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Crambidae)
Authors: Scalercio Stefano , Urso Salvatore , Greco Silvia , Infusino Marco
Published: September 2016

In questo lavoro sono riportati dati di cattura che ampliano significativamente la distribuzione italiana di sei specie di Pyraloidea. Acrobasis bithynella e Sciota rhenella sono segnalate per la prima volta in Italia centro-meridonale, mentre Pempelia alpigenella e Peoria cremoricosta sono segnalate per la prima volta in Italia meridionale peninsulare. Inoltre, per Hypsotropa vulneratella e Hyperlais argillacealis si tratta dei primi reperti per la penisola di specie note finora in Italia solo in Sicilia.
Unexpected Angiography Findings and Effects on Management
Authors: Neill Matthew , Charles Hearns W , Gross Jonathan S , Farquharson Sean , Deipolyi Amy R
Published: September 2016

Despite progress in noninvasive imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, conventional angiography still contributes to the diagnostic workup of oncologic and other diseases. Arteriography can reveal tumors not evident on cross-sectional imaging, in addition to defining aberrant or unexpected arterial supply to targeted lesions. This additional and potentially unanticipated information can alter management decisions during interventional procedures.
Sensitivity of modelled sulfate aerosol and its radiative effect on climate to ocean DMS concentration and air–sea flux
Authors: Tesdal Jan-Erik , Christian James R. , Monahan Adam H. , von Salzen Knut
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a well-known marine trace gas that is emitted from the ocean and subsequently oxidizes to sulfate in the atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere have direct and indirect effects on the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Thus, as a potential source of sulfate, ocean efflux of DMS needs to be accounted for in climate studies. Seawater concentration of DMS is highly variable in space and time, which in turn leads to high spatial and temporal variability in ocean DMS emissions. Because of sparse sampling (in both space and time), large uncertainties remain regarding ocean DMS concentration. In this study, we use an atmospheric general circulation model with explicit aerosol chemistry (CanAM4.1) and several climatologies of surface ocean DMS concentration to assess uncertainties about the climate impact of ocean DMS efflux. Despite substantial variation in the spatial pattern and seasonal evolution of simulated DMS fluxes, the global-mean radiative effect of sulfate is approximately linearly proportional to the global-mean surface flux of DMS; the spatial and temporal distribution of ocean DMS efflux has only a minor effect on the global radiation budget. The effect of the spatial structure, however, generates statistically significant changes in the global-mean concentrations of some aerosol species. The effect of seasonality on the net radiative effect is larger than that of spatial distribution and is significant at global scale.
Size-resolved aerosol composition at an urban and a rural site in
the Po Valley in summertime: implications for secondary aerosol formation
Authors: Sandrini Silvia , van Pinxteren Dominik , Giulianelli Lara , Herrmann Hartmut , Poulain Laurent , Facchini Maria Cristina , Gilardoni Stefania , Rinaldi Matteo , Paglione Marco , Turpin Barbara J. , Pollini Francesca , Bucci Silvia , Zanca Nicola , Decesari Stefano
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The aerosol size-segregated chemical composition was analyzed at an urban (Bologna) and a rural (San Pietro Capofiume) site in the Po Valley, Italy, during June and July 2012, by ion-chromatography (major water-soluble ions and organic acids) and evolved gas analysis (total and water-soluble carbon), to investigate sources and mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation during the summer. A significant enhancement of secondary organic and inorganic aerosol mass was observed under anticyclonic conditions with recirculation of planetary boundary layer air but with substantial differences between the urban and the rural site. The data analysis, including a principal component analysis (PCA) on the size-resolved dataset of chemical concentrations, indicated that the photochemical oxidation of inorganic and organic gaseous precursors was an important mechanism of secondary aerosol formation at both sites. In addition, at the rural site a second formation process, explaining the largest fraction (22 %) of the total variance, was active at nighttime, especially under stagnant conditions. Nocturnal chemistry in the rural Po Valley was associated with the formation of ammonium nitrate in large accumulation-mode (0.42–1.2 µm) aerosols favored by local thermodynamic conditions (higher relative humidity and lower temperature compared to the urban site). Nocturnal concentrations of fine nitrate were, in fact, on average 5 times higher at the rural site than in Bologna. The water uptake by this highly hygroscopic compound under high RH conditions provided the medium for increased nocturnal aerosol uptake of water-soluble organic gases and possibly also for aqueous chemistry, as revealed by the shifting of peak concentrations of secondary compounds (water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and sulfate) toward the large accumulation mode (0.42–1.2 µm). Contrarily, the diurnal production of WSOC (proxy for secondary organic aerosol) by photochemistry was similar at the two sites but mostly affected the small accumulation mode of particles (0.14–0.42 µm) in Bologna, while a shift to larger accumulation mode was observed at the rural site. A significant increment in carbonaceous aerosol concentration (for both WSOC and water-insoluble carbon) at the urban site was recorded mainly in the quasi-ultrafine fraction (size range 0.05–0.14 µm), indicating a direct influence of traffic emissions on the mass concentrations of this range of particles.
Vertical Air Motion Retrievals in Deep Convective Clouds using the
ARM Scanning Radar Network in Oklahoma during MC3E
Authors: North Kirk W. , Kollias Pavlos , Giangrande Scott E. , Collis Scott M. , Potvin Corey K.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site includes a heterogeneous distributed scanning Doppler radar network suitable for collecting coordinated Doppler velocity measurements in deep convective clouds. The surrounding National Weather Service (NWS) Next Generation Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (NEXRAD WSR-88D) further supplements this network. Radar velocity measurements are assimilated in a three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) algorithm that retrieves horizontal and vertical air motions over a large analysis domain (100 km x 100 km) at storm-scale resolutions (250 m). For the first time, direct evaluation of retrieved vertical velocities with those from collocated 915-MHz radar wind profilers is performed. Mean absolute and root-mean-square differences between the two methods are on the order of 1 m s−1 and 2 m s−1, respectively. Moderate time-height correlations on the order of 0.5 are also shown to exist between the two methods. An empirical sensitivity analysis is done to determine a range of 3DVAR constraint weights that adequately satisfy both velocity observations and anelastic mass continuity. It is shown that the vertical velocity spread over this range is on the order of 1 m s−1. A similar sensitivity analysis reveals that iterative multi-Doppler techniques have difficulty satisfying velocity observations and mass continuity simultaneously. These results provide a form of assurance in the use of 3DVAR retrieved vertical velocities for evaluating numerical simulations of deep convective clouds.
A miniature Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (miniMART) as a compact breaking
wave analogue
Authors: Stokes M. Dale , Deane Grant , Collins Douglas B. , Cappa Christopher , Bertram Timothy , Dommer Abigail , Schill Steven , Forestieri Sara , Survilo Mathew
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In order to understand the processes governing the production of marine aerosols, repeatable, controlled methods for their generation are required. A new system, the miniature Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (miniMART), has been designed after the success of the original MART system, to approximate a small oceanic spilling breaker by producing an evolving bubble plume and surface foam patch. The smaller tank utilizes an intermittently plunging jet of water produced by a rotating water wheel, into an approximately 6 L reservoir to simulate bubble plume and foam formation and generate aerosols. This system produces bubble plumes characteristic of small whitecaps without the large external pump inherent in the original MART design. Without the pump it is possible to easily culture delicate planktonic and microbial communities in the bulk water during experiments while continuously producing aerosols for study. However, due to the reduced volume and smaller plunging jet, the absolute numbers of particles generated are approximately an order of magnitude less than in the original MART design.
1064 nm rotational Raman lidar for particle extinction and lidar-ratio profiling: cirrus case study
Authors: Haarig Moritz , Engelmann Ronny , Ansmann Albert , Veselovskii Igor , Whiteman David N. , Althausen Dietrich
Published: September 2016

Abstract. For the first time, vertical profiles of the 1064 nm particle extinction coefficient obtained from Raman lidar observations at 1058 nm (nitrogen and oxygen rotational Raman backscatter) are presented. We applied the new technique in the framework of test measurements and performed several cirrus observations of particle backscatter and extinction coefficients, and corresponding extinction-to-backscatter ratios at the wavelengths of 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The cirrus backscatter coefficients were found to be equal for all three wavelengths keeping the retrieval uncertainties in mind. The multiple-scattering-corrected cirrus extinction coefficients at 355 nm were on average about 20–30 % lower than the ones for 532 and 1064 nm. The cirrus-mean extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) was 31 ± 5 sr (355 nm), 36 ± 5 sr (532 nm), and 38 ± 5 sr (1064 nm) in this single study. We further discussed the requirements needed to obtain aerosol extinction profiles in the lower troposphere at 1064 nm with good accuracy (20 % relative uncertainty) and appropriate temporal and vertical resolution.
Bering Sea surface water conditions during Marine Isotope Stages 12 to 10 at
Navarin Canyon (IODP Site U1345)
Authors: Caissie Beth E. , Brigham-Grette Julie , Cook Mea S. , Colmenero-Hidalgo Elena
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Records of past warm periods are essential for understanding interglacial climate system dynamics. Marine Isotope Stage 11 occurred from 425 to 394 ka, when global ice volume was the lowest, sea level was the highest, and terrestrial temperatures were the warmest of the last 500 kyr. Because of its extreme character, this interval has been considered an analog for the next century of climate change. The Bering Sea is ideally situated to record how opening or closing of the Pacific–Arctic Ocean gateway (Bering Strait) impacted primary productivity, sea ice, and sediment transport in the past; however, little is known about this region prior to 125 ka. IODP Expedition 323 to the Bering Sea offered the unparalleled opportunity to look in detail at time periods older than had been previously retrieved using gravity and piston cores. Here we present a multi-proxy record for Marine Isotope Stages 12 to 10 from Site U1345, located near the continental shelf-slope break. MIS 11 is bracketed by highly productive laminated intervals that may have been triggered by flooding of the Beringian shelf. Although sea ice is reduced during the early MIS 11 laminations, it remains present at the site throughout both glacials and MIS 11. High summer insolation is associated with higher productivity but colder sea surface temperatures, which implies that productivity was likely driven by increased upwelling. Multiple examples of Pacific–Atlantic teleconnections are presented including laminations deposited at the end of MIS 11 in synchrony with millennial-scale expansions in sea ice in the Bering Sea and stadial events seen in the North Atlantic. When global eustatic sea level was at its peak, a series of anomalous conditions are seen at U1345. We examine whether this is evidence for a reversal of Bering Strait throughflow, an advance of Beringian tidewater glaciers, or a turbidite.
Video cascade accumulation of the total solar eclipse on Svalbard 2015
Authors: Sigernes F. , Ellingsen P. G. , Partamies N. , Syrjäsuo M. , Brekke P. , Holmen S. E. , Danielsen A. , Olsen B. , Chen X. , Dyrland M. , Baddeley L. , Lorentzen D. A. , Krogtoft M. A. , Dragland T. , Mortensson H. , Smistad L. , Heinselman C. J. , Habbal S.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This work presents a novel image accumulation filter technique that reveals small scale features and details from intense luminosity or high dynamic range video recordings. It was discovered and developed from the analyses of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) film of the total solar eclipse that occurred Friday 20th of March 2015 in Longyearbyen (78° N, 15° E) on Svalbard, Norway. The result of the filter is fused with a High Dynamic Range (HDR) image of the Corona and the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) image of the solar disk.
Attributing Regional Trends of Evapotranspiration and Gross Primary Productivity with Remote Sensing: A case study in the North China Plain
Authors: Mo Xingguo , Chen Xuejuan , Hu Shi , Liu Suxia , Xia Jun
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Attributing changes of evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary productivity (GPP) are crucial for impacts and adaptation assessment of the agro-ecosystems to climate change. Simulations with VIP model revealed that annual ET and GPP were slightly increasing from 1981 to 2013 over the North China Plain. The tendencies of both ET and GPP were upward in spring season, while the trends are weak and downward in summer season. A complete factor‐separation analysis illustrated that the relative contributions of climatic change, CO2 fertilization and management to ET (GPP) trend were 56 (−32) %, −28 (25) % and 68 (108) %, respectively. The decline of global radiation resulted from deteriorated aerosol and air pollution was the principal causes of GPP decline in summer, while air warming intensified the water cycle and advanced the plant productivity in the spring season. Agronomical improvements were the principal drivers of crop productivity enhancement.
Highly selective solid electrolyte sensor for the analysis of gaseous
mixtures
Authors: Schelter Matthias , Zosel Jens , Oelßner Wolfram , Guth Ulrich , Mertig Michael
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The operation principle of a commercially available solid electrolyte sensor was modified with respect to applications in flowing gaseous mixtures containing H2 and O2. For this purpose the generally applied coulometric or potentiometric operation mode was replaced by cyclic voltammetry. By varying the sensor temperature, electrode area and potential scan rate, the conditions for the characteristic peak formation for every gas component were determined. While hydrogen oxidation peaks arise at potential scan rates up to 100 mV s−1, oxygen reduction peaks develop between 200 and 1000 mV s−1. A linear relationship between peak area/peak height and concentration was found at concentrations ϕ (H2) < 100 vol. ppm and ϕ (O2) ≤ 500 vol. ppm. It could be demonstrated that hydrogen can be measured selectively at catalytically highly active Pt electrodes even in gas mixtures with comparably high oxygen concentrations by using cyclic voltammetry.