bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of CO2 rebreathing during BiPAP ventilation
Authors: Szkulmowski Zbigniew , Robert Dominique , Karłowska-Pik Joanna , Argaud Laurent
Published: January 2023

CO2 rebreathing significantly influences respiratory drive and the work of breathing during BiPAP ventilation. We analyzed CO2 movement during BiPAP ventilation to find a method of real time detection of CO2 rebreathing without the need of CO2 concentration measurement sampled from the circuit (method expensive and not routinely used). Methods: Observational study during routine care in 15 bed university hospital ICU. At 18 patients who required BiPAP ventilation, intubated or by mask ventilation, during weaning period airflow, pressure and CO2 concentration signals were registered on both sides of venting port and 17 respiratory parameters were measured or calculated for each of 4747 respiratory cycles analyzed. Based on CO2 movement (expiration-inspiration sequences) 3 types of cycle were identified, type I and II do not induce rebreathing but type III does. To test differences between the 3 types ANOVA, t-tests, and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) were used. Then a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network, a type of artificial neural network, using the above parameters (excluding CO2 concentration) was applied to automatically identify the three types of respiratory cycles. Results: Of the 4747 respiratory cycles, 1849 were type I, 1545 type II, and 1353 type III. ANOVA and t-tests showed significant differences between the types of respiratory cycles. CDA confirmed a correct apportionment of 93.9% of the cycles; notably, of 97.9% of type III. MLP automatically classified the respiratory cycles into the three types with 98.8% accuracy. Conclusions: Three types of respiratory cycles could be distinguished based on CO2 movement during BiPAP ventilation. Artificial neural networks can be used to automatically detect respiratory cycle type III, the only inducing CO2 rebreathing.
Numerical Simulation of 2-Way FSI Problem of Face Packing Seal: Impact of Parameters Change
Authors: Sapozhnykov Y. , Zahorulko A. , Peczkis G.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to creating a refined computer model of the face packing seal (FPS) based on the solution of the two-way fluid-structure interaction (2-way FSI) problem. An approach to the average gap was proposed based on the micro-space’s working medium leakage between the friction pair’s roughness elements. Three FPS designs were studied, in which the following operating parameters were alternately changed: inlet pressure, load factor, stuffing box parameters, and friction coefficient. Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and the thickness of the annular plate at the bottom of the stuffing box were also changed. The model was created considering the actual geometry of the FPS. The shaft rotation was considered by applying the rotation condition on the wall of the fluid model. The calculation was carried out using the ANSYS Multiphysics software. The results of the calculations were presented in the form of graphic dependences with a comparison of the hydrostatic and contact pressure distributions over the friction pair width. The values of the magnitudes of leakage from the changing parameters were presented. Based on the obtained results, an optimal combination of parameters was evaluated for the most efficient design of the FPS.
Decontamination of Oil-Polluted Soils: Power of Electronic Bioinformatic Databases
Authors: Ablieieva I. Yu. , Plyatsuk L. D. , Liu T. , Berezhna I. O. , Yanchenko I. O.
Published: January 2023

The main idea was to solve the problem related to oil contamination of soil using bioremediation with bioaugmentation with modeled microorganism strains. The paper aimed to develop a bacterial consortium for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation during the biological treatment of oil-contaminated soils using electronic databases. The research methodology included an analysis of the mechanisms and metabolic pathways of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and an assessment of the possible reaction modulus and enzymatic systems for the degradation of aromatic compounds. The taxonomic classification and review of oil compound transformation metabolic pathways were carried out using electronic KEGG, MetaCyc, and EzTaxon databases. The KEGG database was used to create a microbiological consortium of certain strains of bacteria that improved hydrocarbon degradation process performance. Identification of bacteria’s complete genome using Island Viewer 4 allowed to create of a consortium of oil-destructive bacteria consisting of such strains: Pseudoxanthomonas spadix BD-a59, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, Rhodococcus aetherivorans IcdP1, Pseudomonas putida ND6, Pseudomonas stutzeri 19SMN4, Pseudomonas fluorescens UK4, Acinetobacter lactucae OTEC-02, Bacillus cereus F837/76.7.9. The ratio between the mentioned strains of microorganisms in the consortium was set at 20 % : 20 % : 15 % : 10 % : 10 % : 5 % : 5 % : 15 %. This bacterial consortium for aromatic hydrocarbons was created according to the metabolic information of basic enzymatic systems and the predominant transformation of particular oil compounds using the BacDive database.
KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA DALAM MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO PENGETAHUAN ALAM KELAS VII SMP
Authors: Batubara Siti Aisah
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted to find out the influence of natural knowledge video media on students' critical thinking skills in writing the text of the description of class VII junior high school student Siman Jaya Lamongan. This type of research uses Quasi experiment (pseudo experiment), pretest- posttest control group design design. Data collection techniques in the form of giving assignments to write description text to students. Data analysis techniques are carried out using prerequisite tests in the form of normality tests and homogenite tests, after which hypothesis tests are conducted using t-tests with a significant level of 5% (0.05). The results found in this study were that students' critical thinking ability to write text descriptions in control classes had an average score of 69.65 while in the experimental class had an average score of 79.81. Based on the hypothesis test using the t-test shows that the value of thitung = 5.40, thus it is known if thitung > ttabel i.e. (5.40 > 2.004) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Based on this, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on students' critical thinking skills in writing description texts using media in the form of natural knowledge videos in class VII siman jaya lamongan junior high school.
TUHAN FAKTA OBJEKTIF: ANALISIS WACANA Al-QUR’AN SURAH Al-FATIHAH AYAT 5
Authors: Chaer Hasanuddin , Rasyad Abdul , Sirulhaq Ahmad
Published: January 2023

The discourse of this Qur'anic verse invites thought and research of divine psychic that has material space for science. This essay uses the method of approaching social constructionist discourse analysis. This article discusses discourse relating to the divinity and Karl Marx's comments on Religion by title “Religion as the ‘opium of the people’. He said religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, if people are to know and understand the real world, they must give up superstitious beliefs because they have a narcotic effect on the mind. the first requisite for the happines of the people is the abolition of religion”. The purpose of this article is not to provide evidence of the phenomenon or form of God with material eyes, but to the present relevant contextual discourse about the Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Fatihah verse 5 and a coherent response to Karl Marx's claim to the religion and the divine dimension is forgotten today.
Inhospital transport of critically ill adult patients: guidelines of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”
Authors: Grigoryev Evgeny V. , Bratishchev I. V. , Levit A. L. , Shchegolev A. V. , Shustrov V. V.
Published: January 2023

Intrahospital transportation of critical patients is a frequent procedure in the practice of most medical organizations, which in some cases is accompanied by a number of adverse events up to the occurrence of critical incidents. In order to improve patient safety, the Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists of Russia (FAR) initiated in 2022 the development of national guidelines for the intrahospital transportation of critically ill adult patients. The literature search was focused on meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, but also included registries, non-randomized comparative and descriptive studies, case series, cohort studies, systematic reviews, and expert opinion. Before publication, the guidelines were approved by the Presidium of the Board of the FAR. The guidelines are focused on the peculiarities of the organization of the process of intrahospital transportation, critical indicators of vital functions and their monitoring using methods for an objective assessment of the condition of patients. Special attention is paid to the need to form a specialized team and its training. For each recommendation, the level of evidence is presented. The guidelines were developed by experts in the field of anesthesiology and intensive care for anesthesiologists-reanimatologists and must be used as an evidence-based basis for making a decision to transport a particular critical patient by responsible health professional.
Intellectual ventilation modes in Russian Federation: a short questionnaire survey
Authors: Komnov R. D. , Eremenko Aleksandr A.
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION: There are a lot of clinical trials about benefits of closed-loop ventilation modes, which are able to automatically adjust certain respiratory settings. These studies describe safety, reliability and advantages of intellectual modes over conventional ventilation modes. OBJECTIVE: To assess awareness of Russian intensive care practitioners about closed loop ventilation modes and availability of these modes in routine practice. The second aim was to explore difficulties and problems that arise for practitioners during work with these modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A short survey conducted with online and offline questionnaire. The survey consisted of nine questions regarding the application of closed-loop modes, some question has open answers. RESULTS: The response rate of the survey was 33 % (248 of 750). Most of respondents (85 %) have heard about closed-loop modes, and 52 % had access to these technologies in routine practice. But only 23 % of respondents use Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) and analogues as primary mode in their routine practice, 9 % point to Intellivent-ASV®, less than 1 % point to PAV + TM (Proportional Assist Ventilation) and nobody point to NAVA (Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist) and Smart Care®. Over half of respondents (62 %) from clinicians who have access to this technology pointed to the lack of knowledge about closed loop modes; 60 % pointed to insufficient education and 40 % pointed to the lack of equipment. These facts demonstrate the necessity of additional educational programs for implementation of modern technologies in practice, need for organization of post customer service for respirators and provision of consumables in some hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: this questionnaire showed that 85 % of practitioners have heard about closed-loop ventilation modes, and half of them had access to these technologies in routine practice, but just 30 % regularly use one of these technologies.
Prevalence of Cervical Cancer and Associating Factors among HIV Infected Women of Omaruru District in Namibia
Authors: Sebastien Tshipamba Njila
Published: February 2023

In 2015 Namibia reported 55 deaths due to cervical cancer, and the prevalence of HIV was 13,3% among adults aged between 15 -49. There is an increased risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV, the prevalence of this type of cancer and the association with risk factors is unknown at the Omaruru Hospital. High prevalence of HPV infection, advanced HIV disease, tobacco, multiple sexual partners, parity, and poor socio-economic conditions are listed among contributing factors that increase morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer, which can be controlled & cured if diagnosed early. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of cervical Cancer among HIV-positive women on ARVs and assess the risk factors contributing to the emergence of cervix cancer in this population. The approach methodologic used was a retrospective cross-sectional of 49 women randomly selected among those who were done pap smears at the Omaruru ART clinic between August 2016 to August 2017. There was no positive result for cervical cancers found. Hence, the prevalence of HPV was found to be 16,32%, with Cervical dysplasia 3 cases of CIN I and 5 cases of CIN II with no association established with risk factors, and a case of CIN II in a primigravida with multiple sexual partners were found. To conclude, a meaningful analysis with STATA 14 revealed no positive results for cervical cancer from the 49 cases with no risk factors association established,30.61% of negative HPV (30 - 39 years;28.57% (40-50 years), CIN II aged 30 to 39 years (4%);4% (40- 50 years) 2% above 50 years old. The HPV prevalence (16,32%,),3 cases of CIN 1, and 5 cases of CIN II are indicators that more efforts need to be made. Keywords: Cervical cancer prevalence, Cervical cancer screening, HPV prevalence, HIV women on antiretroviral treatment, primigravida, multiple sexual partners.
Legal Iconography and Iconographic (Iconological) Method in Legal Studies
Authors: Lonskaya Svetlana , Ponomareva Valeriya
Published: January 2023

The methodology of Russian legal science has a poor understanding of such an interdisciplinary science as legal iconography and the iconographic (iconological) methods. This article focuses on the legal history studies and legal iconography. The current source-centric approach in the socio-humanitarian sciences requires a broader understanding of research subject and methodology. The history of legal iconography is an independent scientific direction, its main tasks being systematization and description. The author defines legal iconography as an interdisciplinary direction of scientific research that describes and interprets visual sources of legal content. The essence of iconographic method is the description of the general theme, the definition and attribution of details, and the interpretation of images, allegories, and plots. This definition is illustrated by numerous examples. The author also defined prospective areas of iconographic research in law. Iconological research includes three stages. The pre-iconographic stage is purely empirical and descriptive. The iconographic stage is theoretical and analytical; it reveals the direct content and meaning of the image. The author believes that the iconographic (iconological) method of scientific research in law and the prospects of legal iconography in Russian legal studies require further research and scientific discussion.
Analysis and semantic interpretation of the Scandinavian ornament of the new early medieval war axe of the Volga-Kama type from the southern part of Republic of Moldova
Authors: Bondar Igor , Lenkova Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

This study is devoted to the full-fledged introduction into scientific circulation of a unique early medieval iron war hatchet inlayed with silver originating from the southern steppe zone of the Dniester-Prut interfluve of present-day territory of Republic of Moldova. The ornamented battle axe of 10th–11th centuries was found near the village of Răzeni. The type of form of war axe from Răzeni is similar to type of war axes originated in the Middle Volga region, where there was a tradition of making similar ornamented war axes of this type. The main feature of the war ax from Răzeni is the Scandinavian ornament in Ringerike style. The semantics analysis of the ornamented motif and its interpretation — is one of the main tasks of this research work of the description and introduction of the unique find into scientific circulation. The image is interpreted as the tree of life Yggdrasil sprouting from the deck of the boat, which is worshiped by an anthropomorphic figure interpreted as a Viking. The present scientific work has widely direct and indirect analogies of Scandinavian origin from the Bronze to the Viking Age. The methodology of this research includes a deep and extensive comparative analysis of the motif elements on the surface of the war hatchet. The work makes a deep structural and semantic analysis in the broad context of ancient Germanic sources and previous scientific research on the worldview of the Vikings, reflected in their mythopoetic and mythological concepts and traditions. The ceremonial-battle axe from Răzeni was presumably made and ornamented in the Volga Bulgaria by order of a Viking-man, and then got in the borderland of Ancient Rus in the area of the Bugeac steppe of the Dniester-Prut interfluve of territory of present-day Republic of Moldova. The ceremonial-battle axe could have been brought in Bugeac steppe of the Dniester-Prut interfluve by means of circulation the international water arteries “from the Varangians to the Persians” along the Volga river, and “from the Varangians to the Greeks” along the Dniester river. The uniqueness of the ornamented war hatchet from Republic of Moldova is due to the fact that it is the first find of this type of axes in the Dniester-Prut interfluve of modern Republic of Moldova, and this axe no have direct analogies in eastern Europe. The early medieval ceremonial battle axe decorated with silver, contain the image of Old Norse cosmogonic representations in a stylized motif form on the surface of the hatchet. The unique item that captures the combination and interaction of different cultures at the junction of their intersection in the Medieval world.
Treating mechanical washing wastewater with iron-in-oil characteristics by changing the fate of iron
Authors: Qin Jinyi , He Yiwen , Shangguan Botao , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Xing , Qin Chuan , Wang Yu
Published: February 2023

The mechanical washing wastewater contained a large amount of oil, and the iron wrapped in the oil was slowly released into water. This caused the effluent quality to fluctuate, causing common polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) to ineffectively remove the water-in-oil. The method uses Ca2+ to demulsify and ClOx− to destroy the water-in-oil structure, which releases Fe from the oil droplets. The active oxygen produced by NaClOx further converts Fe2+ into Fe3+ and then combines with NaOH to form Fe(OH)3-flocs core, which improves the flocculation efficiency of PAC. The optimal ratio was approximately 400 μL of NaClOx, 200 μL of 1 mol L−1 CaO, and 12 mL of 12.8 g L−1 PAC. The oil removal rate reached 99.88% and the residue density was 178.42 mg L−1. The maximum Fe and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates were close to 49.2 and 99.89%, respectively. In field applications, wastewater should be acidified first, and acidification oxidation is more effective than direct oxidation. In short, a novel way for treating mechanically washed wastewater with iron-in-oil characteristics by changing the environmental fate of iron is provided.
Hydraulic modeling of a compact stormwater treatment device applying concepts of dynamic similitude
Authors: Stricker Max , Littfinski Tobias , Pecher Klaus Hans , Lübken Manfred , Wichern Marc
Published: February 2023

The development of compact treatment devices (CTDs) with high removal efficiencies and low space requirements is a key objective of urban stormwater treatment. Thus, many devices utilize a combination of sedimentation and upward-flow filtration in a single system. Here, sedimentation is used before filtration, which makes it difficult to evaluate the individual treatment stages separately. This study determines the removal efficiency by sedimentation and the expected filter load in a specific compact treatment device designed for a catchment area of up to 10,000 m2. In contrast to a full-scale investigation, small-scale physical hydraulic modeling is applied as a new cost-saving alternative. To validate upscaling laws, tracer signals and particle-size-specific removal efficiencies are determined for two geometrically similar models at different length scales. Thereby, Reynolds number similarity produces similar flow patterns, while the similarity of Hazen numbers allows to upscale removal efficiencies. Upscaling to the full-scale reveals that the filter in the device is only partly loaded by particulate matter that consists mostly of particles ≤63 μm. Thus, sedimentation upstream of a filter is of relevant importance in CTDs. The proposed dimensionless relationship may be used for particles from different catchments and helps to size the device accordingly.
Инновативность, регуляция жизнедеятельности и ценностные ориентации молодых мужчин и женщин: эффект пандемии COVID-19
Authors: Филенко Игорь А. , Атаманова Инна В. , Богомаз Сергей А.
Published: February 2023

Введение. Ситуация пандемии явилась вызовом нашим современникам и заострила внимание исследователей на психологических ресурсах, способствующих ее преодолению. Эмпирические исследования системы психологической регуляции жизнедеятельности личности в этот период, отраженные в особенностях инновативных, ценностных и регуляторных характеристик представителей различных социальных групп, достаточно ограничены, что обусловило актуальность и новизну данного исследования. Методы. Использовалась шкала «Самооценка инновативных качеств личности» Н. М. Лебедевой и А. Н. Татарко, позволяющая изучать психологические компоненты, определяющие инновационное поведение человека. Регуляторные характеристики изучались с помощью методики личностной готовности к деятельности С. А. Богомаза, И. В. Атамановой и И. А. Филенко. Ценностные ориентации определялись с помощью опросника Ш. Шварца «Портретный ценностный опросник – Пересмотренный» в модификации К. В. Сугоняева. Для оценки исследуемых показателей в контексте влияния пандемии применялись: критерии различия и сетевой анализ частных корреляций с использованием метода регуляризации EBICglasso. Результаты. Результаты исследования показали значимые изменения в условиях пандемии ряда инновативных, ценностных и регуляторных характеристик, причем большинство из них были связаны с фактором пола. Перестройка сетевой структуры психологических показателей в ходе пандемии идет в противоположных направлениях в группах молодых мужчин и женщин. В женской выборке обнаруживается ослабление умеренных и сильных сетевых взаимосвязей при переходе от 2019 г. к 2020 г., т. е. сетевая структура становится более аморфной. Для мужской выборки наблюдается обратная тенденция – в 2020 г. первоначально аморфная сетевая структура становится многосвязной, структурированной и четко выраженной. Обсуждение результатов. Обсуждаются неспецифические и специфические эффекты влияния пандемии на психологические характеристики, обеспечивающие регуляцию жизнедеятельности, у молодых мужчин и женщин в возрасте от 17 до 28 лет.
A Review of the Novel Antidiabetic Medications: Efficacy, Safety and
Innovation
Authors: Ghazaee Sepideh Parchami , Tumanov Viktor , Voloshyna Natalia , Marchenko-Tolsta Kateryna , Hameed Murtaza
Published: January 2023

Introduction:

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic health condition affecting hundreds of millions of people. Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been combated with a combination of lifestyle modification, insulin therapy and pharmacological agents, including sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the development of diabetic kidney disease. Although sulfonylureas are low-cost drugs and widely prescribed, they have been shown in recent cardiovascular outcome trials to present a high risk of hypoglycemia, which in turn increases the risk of negative cardiovascular outcomes. Metformin, a biguanide that is the most commonly-prescribed antidiabetic agent worldwide, is contraindicated in patients with risk factors for lactic acidosis, including heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

Objectives:

The last decade has seen significant advances in the development of novel antidiabetic agents shown to possess both reno- and cardioprotective qualities. This article aims to review the available literature and recent studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of these agents individually, as well as exploring areas of future development in the field.

Methods:

The reporting of this review is based on the 2020 PRISMA statement. A literature search for all papers related to antidiabetic medication was
conducted using reliable sources such PubMed and Google Scholar Databases, including a recent meta-analysis of renal and cardiovascular
outcome trials.

Conclusion:

A critical analysis of clinical trials on type 2 diabetes and the two most severe comorbidities in cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases may help cardiologists, urologists and diabetes specialists to adapt their therapeutic approaches to individual patients. Data related to antidiabetic effects of agents of natural origin accompanied by their Cardioprotective and renoprotective capacity testify benefits of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents.
Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae): A Comprehensive
Review
Authors: Hieu Tran Trung , Chung Nguyen Thi , Dung Vo Cong , Duc Dau Xuan
Published: January 2023

Melia azedarach L., a species of the mahogany family (Meliaceae), has long been used as a folk medicine for various diseases. Recent studies on this plant revealed that this plant contains many interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifeedant, antidiabetic, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. A diverse range of organic compounds has been isolated from this species, such as triterpenoids, limonoids, degraded limonoids, steroids, lignans, flavonoids, and phenolics. This review article will give a comprehensive overview of the chemical constituents and biological activity of Melia azedarach.
Synthesis, Computational and Pharmacological Evaluation of 7-(2-(2- (3-
(Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy) Ethoxy)-4-Methyl-2H-Chromen-
2-Ones as CNS Agents
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Kumar Amit
Published: January 2023

Background:

Motivated by the exciting biological potential for the use of hybrid molecules
in medicine and therapy. It is anticipated that the coumarin-chalcone hybrids for skeletal
muscle and antianxiety action will be investigated using a chemical hybridization technique.

Objective:

Due to its numerous benefits, including high effectiveness, mode of action at receptors,
minimal adverse effects, and improved pharmacokinetic features, naturally occurring and synthesized
hybrid compounds are prospective sources for novel drug development techniques. In opinion
of these applications, we here designed some coumarin-chalcone hybrids and explored them
for skeletal muscle and antianxiety potential.

Methods:

Using a chemical hybridization strategy, coumarin-chalcone hybrids have been synthesized
and evaluated for skeletal muscle and antianxiety activity. The target compounds were synthesized
by reaction of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarion with haloalkane to afford 7-(2-
bromoethoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one which was further treated with hydroxychalcones. The
structures of target compounds were confirmed on the basis of their Melting Point, Thin Layer
Chromatography, IR, 1HNMR and Mass studies. The computational properties of target compounds
were also determined through online software. Skeletal muscle and antianxiety potential
were performed in Swiss albino mice.

Results:

The coumarin-chalcones hybrids showed skeletal muscle and antianxiety potential in
Swiss albino mice and computational properties of the target compounds were also showed similarity
as compared with diazepam.

Conclusion:

Among the target compounds, the fluoro group containing compound was found to be
more potent as compared to the standard drug diazepam.
Sodium Selenite Modulates Global Activation of Proinflammatory M1-like
Macrophages, Necroinflammation and M1-like/M2-like Dichotomy at the
Onset of Human Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nouar Mouna , Miliani Maroua , Belhassena Imène , Fatmi Ahlam , Aribi Mourad
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The study aims to show that sodium selenite (Ss) would have an immunomodulatory
effect on the functional activity of proinflammatory macrophages (Mφs) during their extended
extracellular activation at the onset of human type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Background:

Exacerbated activation of proinflammatory “M1” macrophages (Mϕs) can promote
chronic local pancreatic islet inflammation and T1D development.

Objective:

We investigated the ex vivo effects of Ss on the immune modulation of global/extended
activation of human proinflammatory M1-like Mϕs.

Methods:

Experiments were carried out on primary monocytes-derived Mϕs (MDMs).

Results:

The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, H2O2 and intracellular free calcium ions (ifCa2+), and the ratios
of IL-1β-to-IL-10 and TNF-α-to-IL-10 were markedly increased in T1D Mϕs than in healthy control
Mϕs. Conversely, both IL-10 production and arginase 1 (ARG1) activity were downregulated in
T1D Mϕs. Additionally, Ss treatment induced a marked downregulation of respiratory burst, ifCa2+
levels, M1-like Mϕ-associated inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) activity, cell necrosis
and related necroinflammation biomarkers, including IL-1β and TNF-α, CD14 expression, and the
ratios of iNOS-to-ARG1, IL-1β-to-IL-10, and TNF-α-to-IL-10. Moreover, Ss upregulated anti-inflammatory
“M2-like” Mϕ activity as demonstrated by ARG1 activity and IL-10 production, as well
as phagocytosis capacity.

Conclusions:

Ss exerts a potent immunomodulatory role on functional activities of human proinflammatory
T1D M1-like Mϕs subjected to extended activation, as well as on the M1-like/M2-like
dichotomy. Additionally, the current study provides a novel therapeutic approach using Ss to promote
the anti-inflammatory function of Mϕs at the onset of T1D.
Deep Learning Approaches and Biomarkers in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Malik Pardeep , Singh Sukhdip
Published: January 2023

The size of the medical information system is growing gradually. Due to this, traditional
data analysis for extracting helpful information for any disease has become inefficient in providing
accurate real-time valid information. Traditional data mining and statistical learning techniques,
which lack sufficient domain knowledge on a complicatedly colossal amount of data, need to stop
adopting new advances in deep learning technologies. Thus, the use of sophisticated machines with
in-depth understanding and analysis capability is vital to provide real-time information in detecting
and diagnosing diseases in the healthcare system. In this paper, we study recent deep learning approaches
which are capable of working on high-dimensional and multi-dimensional data. These approaches
have been deployed to identify the root cause of various diseases like Cancer, Lung Diseases,
Heart Diseases, Diabetes, Hepatitis, Alzheimer’s, Dengue, Parkinson’s, etc.

:

In this study, our key contributions are:

1:

A decent overview of the deep learning techniques.

2:

Several modalities in the diagnosis of various diseases.

3:

Set out recent trends in various applications of deep learning in healthcare, some of which
are analysis and diagnosis of medical images, precision medicine, drug discovery, predictive
analysis to support clinical decisions, and sustainable public health.

4:

Several deep learning approaches with their performance are described in detail.

5:

Although deep learning has achieved notable performance in detecting AD, there are several
limitations, especially the availability of the patient’s data for training deep learning models
on a particular disease is comparatively much less than required.
MOF-Based Materials for CO2 Conversion
Authors: De Dinesh , Sharma Vivekanand , Gupta Mayank
Published: January 2023

Due to the rapid and continuous increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by the massive combustion of fossil fuels, the global ecosystem is being affected severely. Therefore, balancing the CO2 content in the atmosphere should be our main agenda nowadays. For minimization of CO2 concentration, carbon capture and its conversion to valuable chemicals are being perused worldwide. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based materials having a porous structure and tuneable structural features, are best candidates for the purpose. Herein, we provide a detailed discussion on the design, synthesis and catalytic applications of MOF-based materials for various CO2 conversion reactions. 
Metal-Organic Framework Composites for Photocatalytic Water Purification
Authors: Yuan Ning , Zhang Xinling
Published: January 2023

The rapid rise in photocatalytic technology with efficient removal capabilities has attracted wide attention. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a kind of coordination polymers, have also been applied in the field of photocatalytic water purification due to their characteristics such as high specific surface area and adjustable pore structure. However, the weak water stability, low reutilization rate, and poor photocatalytic ability of the constructed MOFs restrict their application in environmental remediation. To tackle these problems, many researchers have devoted themselves to designing highly efficient MOF-based composites by adding other substances. This chapter mainly focuses on the research status of MOF-based composites in the photocatalytic elimination of various pollutants from water. Additionally, the synthetic strategies for MOFs and their composite materials as well as for photodegradation of pollutants in water are reviewed and exemplified. The possible removal mechanisms of some MOF-based composites have also been briefly analyzed. Finally, the achievements and prospects on future research of MOFs and their composite materials have been described in detail.
Himalayan Herbs: A Promising Medication Source for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Singh Sippy , Singh Durgesh
Published: January 2023

The Himalayas have been known for their plant diversity, as they are rich in nearly 8000 vascular plant species, which include approximately 1748 plants containing medicinal properties. Ayurveda, a branch of traditional medication focuses on substances of natural origin like plants, their parts, minerals, and animal parts either alone or in combination. With the advancement in Science and Technology, there has been an increase in the understanding of molecular mechanisms behind the origin of diseases. Recently, the roles of several bioactive molecules present in natural sources in blocking or treating diseases have also become increasingly clear. Since the Himalayas are rich herbal treasures; therefore the plant diversity, as well as their medicinal properties have been widely explored.

Progressive loss of nerve cells/neurons in terms of structure and function is termed neurodegeneration. Selective loss of neurons leads to nervous disorders referred to as Neurodegenerative disorders/diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, etc., are some of the major health issues suffered by individuals in the current situation. Plant-derived bioactive molecules or phytomedicines have been in practice for many years and have been found to be effective in managing/treating these disorders.

This chapter aims at highlighting some of the Himalayan herbs, which exhibit a promising role in managing neurodegenerative diseases. For example, Acorus calamus is well known for its brain rejuvenating ability. It has been found that A. calamus possesses neuroprotective activity against stroke. Asparagus racemosus, known for its anti-aging activity, has been observed to protect the brain from oxidative damage, thereby preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Calotropis procera is ethnomedicinally used to treat mental disorders. Sida cordifolia, another perennial shrub found in the Himalayan region used for treating many ailments related to the respiratory system is also used for treating patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. There are many more plants found in the Himalayan region, which have the potential for treating brainrelated disorders.

The rising cases of neurodegenerative disorders need a better understanding of plants rich in neuroprotective phytochemicals. Plants are one of the promising medication sources with the least side effects, which will help in providing an ethnopharmacological aspect and managing/treating neurodegenerative disorders. 
Antidiabetic Role of Swertia chirayita: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Perspective of a Himalayan Botanical
Authors: Pandey Nikhil , Mishra Priyanka , Tripathi Yamini B
Published: January 2023

As the Himalayan mountains and valleys keep on the continuous progression of their expansion during evolution, so does their cradle of medicinal plants. Humans started to find answers to various ailments by studying these medicinal plants. One such valuable medicinal plant from the Himalayas is called Swertia chirayita (Chiraito, SC), which shows a variety of therapeutic properties. SC has been shown to be effective in a wide therapeutic spectrum and acts as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, and chemoprotective agent. Due to its numerous medicinal properties, it is one of the main ingredients in a variety of herbal preparations in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Tibetian, and Traditional Chinese medicines. Apart from the traditional medicine systems, it is systematically mentioned under various pharmaceutical codexes like the Indian, UK, and American pharmacopeias. SC is significantly used as an anti-diabetic in various herb-based medicinal practices. Swertia chirayita is one of the very important plants known for its hypoglycaemic potential and hence exhibits a potential for the management of type II diabetes.
Medicinal Value of Atropa belladonna L.: A Therapeutic Approach against Various Diseases
Authors: Sharma Palvi , Rajput Ankita , Singh Sukhprit , Bedi Neena , Singh Balbir , Arora Saroj
Published: January 2023

As per the World Health Organization (WHO), medicinal herbs are utilized by nearly 80% of the world's population for adequate medical care. Herbal treatments have been extensively employed to cure many fatal human diseases. Ethnic medicine is an informal system that includes folk beliefs, skills, techniques, and tactics relating to health care and are passed from generation to generation mainly through oral traditions. Traditional medicine using herbal drugs exists in every part of the world. Of the plants present at higher altitudes, Atropa belladonna is amongst the most effective botanicals. The perennial plant Atropa belladonna flourishes in the upper Himalayan range. The roots and leaves of the plant are used as a sedative, narcotic and anodyne. The current chapter intends to learn about the usage of Atropa belladonna L., as an alternative medicine and its scientific validation through the literature review.
Pharmacological, Therapeutic, and Immunomodulatory Role of Tinospora cordifolia
Authors: Rajak Naina , Kavita Bentham Science Publisher , Kumar Praveen , Singh Shikha , Garg Neha
Published: January 2023

Tinospora cordifolia (TC, Giloy, Guduchi, or Amrita) is a valuable medicinal herb in the Indian System of Medicine (ISM), Chinese, and other traditional systems of medicine. TC contains a broad array of therapeutic phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, aliphatic compounds, diterpene lactones, phenolics, and flavonoids. TC is hailed for its therapeutic use with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, cardiac disease, anti-arthritis, and anti-microbial properties. TC induces immunomodulatory effects through the induction of macrophage activation, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, lymphocyte proliferation, and also secretion of interleukins. The present chapter highlights the biological properties, therapeutic use, and immunomodulatory pathways of Tinospora cordifolia.
Analysis of anomaly turn of the month effect on stock return in the Indonesian capital market before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Argantha I Putu Arie , Rahyuda Henny
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine the presence of an anomaly in the turn-of-the-month effect in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The population of this study are companies listed on the LQ45 index for the 2019-2021 period. Using the purposive sampling technique and obtained 36 samples of companies. This study will compare the average return and average abnormal return of each sample which has been grouped based on the turn of the month and the rest of the month both before and during COVID-19. This study used a different test, namely the paired sample t-test which was tested using the SPSS application. The analysis result provides evidence that there was an anomaly in the turn-of-the-month effect before COVID-19 and the effect disappeared when Indonesia experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also found a difference in abnormal returns in the turn of the month before and during COVID-19 where the abnormal return value was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Theory of origin of languages
Authors: Tetty Marscolia
Published: February 2023

This paper aimed at exploring the theory of the origin of languages. The history of the English language begins with the birth of the English language on the island of Britain about 1,500 years ago. English is a West Germanic language derived from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to the island of Britain by Germanic immigrants from parts of the northwest of what is now the Netherlands and Germany. Initially, Old English was a group of dialects reflecting the origins of the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. One of these dialects, West Saxon eventually came to dominate. Then the original Old English was influenced by two waves of invasion. The first wave of invasion was the invasion of speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the German language family. They conquered and inhabited parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries. Then this second wave of invasion was the Normans in the 11th century who spoke a dialect of French. These two invasions resulted in English being "mixed up" to some degree (although it was never a literal mixed language).
Morphemes and consonant vowels types in English
Authors: Hovers Jack L. , Vynkovicz-Mytel Naira
Published: February 2023

Morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit that has meaning. Traditional grammar does not recognize morpheme concepts or terms because morphemes are not syntactic units, and not all morphemes have philosophical meanings. The concept of morphemes was only introduced by structuralists at the beginning of the twentieth century. To determine whether a unit of form is morpheme or not, we must compare the form in its presence with other forms. If this form turns out to be repeated in other forms, then that form is a morpheme. In morphological studies, a formed unit that has the status of a morpheme is usually denoted by sandwiching it between curly brackets. For example, the word book is denoted as {book}, the word rewrite is denoted to be {re} + {write}. In every language there is a shape (like a word) that you can cut into smaller pieces, then cut back into smaller pieces that you cannot cut anymore.
Morphology in English
Authors: Camp Honz
Published: February 2023

This study aims to understand and explain the meaning of morphology in English in general. In addition, this research is also intended to understand and explain the meaning of morpheme and various morphemes in English. Morphology is the study of word structure. Morphology is a branch of linguistics that identifies the basic units of language as grammatical units. As in English, morphology is known as the science that studies word formation. The intricacies of morphemes and words in this section will be discussed in detail.
Syntactic structure, morphology, free morphemes and bound morphemes
Authors: Vressick-Chilborn Simberley , Rachman Mohammad Ozinan
Published: February 2023

This study aims to explain the meaning of syntax, syntactic structure in English. The root is a term to refer to a word form that cannot be further divided, cannot be analyzed again, there is no additional affix. This root is always there, although in the form of various modifications of a lexeme. For example; walk, which is a root, can appear in the form of words, such as walks, walking, walked. Drink, is a root, can appear in the form of words, such as drinks, drinking, drunk.
link between language and thought
Authors: Zong Frank , Zhen Silzia Xia
Published: February 2023

In essence, in communication activities, there is a process of producing and understanding speech. It can be said that psycholinguistics is the study of mental mechanisms that occur in people who use language, both when producing or understanding speech. In other words, in language use, there is a process of changing thoughts into codes and changing codes into thoughts. Speech is a synthesis of the process of converting concepts into code while understanding the message is the result of code analysis. Language as a form or result of a process and as something that is processed in the form of spoken or written language psycholinguistics is the study of humans as language users, namely the study of language systems that exist in humans who can explain how humans can capture other people's ideas and how they can express their ideas through language, either in writing or orally. Language skills that must be mastered by someone, this is related to language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
Methods of incorporation of new reaction products in thermodynamic databases of cementitious systems
Authors: Zhu Tongren , Juenger Maria , Isgor O. Burkan , Katz Lynn
Published: February 2023

Strategic blending of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) into ordinary portland cement (OPC) helps reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from concrete production. Expanding thermodynamic databases to include new reaction products from blended cements improves computational approaches used to understand the impact of blending SCMs with cement. Determination of thermodynamic parameters of cement reaction products based on temperature-dependent solubility is widely used in cement research; however, assumptions, limitations, and potential errors due to intercorrelation of the thermodynamic parameters in these calculation methods are rarely discussed. Here, methods for obtaining thermodynamic parameters are critically reviewed, including discussion of experimental validation. The discussion herein provides useful guidance to improve and validate the process of determining thermodynamic parameters of new reaction products from SCM-OPC reactions.