bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disintegration Mechanism and Hydrogeochemical Processes of Red-Bed Soft Rock Under Drying-Wetting Cycle
Authors: Huang Kai , Kang Bo , Zha Fusheng , Li Yunfeng , Zhang Qing , Chu Chengfu
Published: May 2021

Red-bed soft rock in the drawdown area on bank slopes of landslide easily disintegrates upon exposure to water, and its properties experience comprehensive deterioration, which will cause bank slope instability. To better study disintegration mechanism of the red-bed soft rock, a series of laboratory tests were conducted in this paper to investigate the disintegration characteristics, durability and hydrogeochemical process of red-bed argillaceous siltstone under drying-wetting cyclic conditions. Experimental results showed that, with increasing number of drying-wetting cycles, red-bed argillaceous siltstone gradually disintegrated, from initial appearing the cracks on the surface of the samples to large particles gradually breaking up into small fragments. Significant changes in grain size distribution, and the durability index of the samples progressively decreased. Microstructural analysis showed that the size and distribution of pores and cracks in the sample surface significantly increased, such that the sample surface became disordered and complicated. Notable changed in concentrations of ions in the soaking solutions indicated continuous mineral dissolution and loss during the cyclic drying-wetting. Based on the results obtained from the experiment, it is concluded that the disintegration of samples undergoing drying-wetting cycles was the result of the synergistic action of water and temperature. To be specific, the dissolution of calcite, albite, gypsum, montmorillonite and kaolinite during the wetting procedure, which promotes the decrease in mineral content and increases in pores and cracks. The increases in temperature and the dehydration shrinkage of sample during the drying procedure accelerated the disintegration of the samples.
Mediation Role of Health Service Use and Depression on Multimorbidity and Self-rated Health in Home-based Long-term Care Residents: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yan Huosheng , Peng Wenjia , Li Mengying , Li Xinghui , Yang Tingting , Wang Zijing , Li Cancan , Jia Xianjie , Hu Zhi , Wang Ying
Published: May 2021

Background: Multimorbidity is common among older people and a major cause of reduced quality of life. The study aim was to investigate the relationship between multimorbidity and self-rated health and its mediators in home-based long-term care residents.Methods: Participants were 1067 home-based long-term care residents covered by long-term care insurance in Shanghai. Stratified sampling was used to select participants from six Shanghai districts. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. Multimorbidity was defined as co-occurrence of ≥2 chronic diseases in the same person. The 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.Results: The findings showed that 59.4% of participants had multimorbidity and 67.7% reported depressive symptoms. The mean self-rated health score was 1.97 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.861) and mean health service use frequency was 1.61 (SD = 3.406) per month. Compared with participants with no multimorbidity, those with multimorbidity were more likely to report low self-rated health (β = −0.141, p<0.001), more severe depressive symptoms (β = 0.100, p<0.001), and more health service use (β = 0.121, p<0.001). Low self-rated health may be caused by depression and health service use (β = −0.280, p<0.001). The effect of multimorbidity on self-rated health was significantly mediated by depression (β = −0.024, p<0.001) and health service use (β = −0.034, p<0.001).Conclusion: Multimorbidity is associated with self-rated health, and depression and health service use mediate this association. Prevention and proper management of multimorbidity and depression in long-term care residents may help to maintain and improve quality of life.
Will Extended Adjuvant Temozolomide Treatment Confer a Survival Advantage As Compared to The Standard Six Cycles for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients?
Authors: Attia Alia M. Attia , Eltybe Hanan A. Eltybe , Abdelgawad Marwa I. Abdelgawad , Sedik Mayada F. Sedik , Essa Abdelhakeem A. Essa , El-Barody Mohamed M. El-Brody , Attia Noha Mohamed Attia
Published: May 2021

Background: Although concurrent radio-chemotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) treatment for six cycles has been established as a standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, the recommended duration of adjuvant TMZ remains a matter of debate. Methods: We conducted this historical cohort study to evaluate the survival benefit and toxicity profile of administration of 12 cycles of adjuvant TMZ in patients with newly diagnosed histologically confirmed GBM and compared this data with that of patients who completed the standard 6 cycles without disease progression. After concurrent radio-chemotherapy, TMZ was administered for 6 cycles (group 1) and for 12 cycles (group 2). Univariate and multivariate analysis (using the Cox proportional hazards model) were performed to identify factors affecting progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between June 2016 and February 2018, 55 patients were eligible. Patients in Group 1 (n=29) had a median PFS of 15 months (95% CI: 10.215-19.785), while those in Group 2 (n=26) had a median PFS of 18 months (95% CI: 16.611-19.389). After a median follow up duration of 20 months (range: 12-41), the median OS was 18 months (95% CI: 13.420-22.580) in Group 1 and 22 months (95% CI: 18.777-25.223) in Group 2. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of chemotherapy cycles and PFS (P = 0.513) or OS (P = 0.867). The extent of surgical resection was the only independent prognostic factor for both PFS (P = 0.015) and OS (P = 0.028) by multivariate analysis. Three grade ≥3 hematologic toxicity were encountered in three patients. One in the six-cycle group (neutropenia), and two in the 12-cycle group (one had neutropenia and the other one developed thrombocytopenia). No statistically significant difference in the toxicity profile between both groups.Conclusions: Although extending adjuvant TMZ to 12 cycles was not associated with increased toxicities, it did not significantly improve PFS or OS. So we do not recommend any modifications in the six months protocol until further studies are performed. It should be weighed against the compromised quality of life and the cost to the health care system.
Management of Scabies in a Dog: A case Report
Authors: Subedi Anil
Published: May 2021

Sarcoptic mange is highly contagious skin disease found in the dogs, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite and the disease is characterized by intense itching, crust formation, skin rash and alopecia. A 3 years old male dog named happy was presented in Jhandibazar, Paklihawa with a history of pruritis, normal appetite and lethargy for one week. Clinical examination revealed normal temperature (101.4 F), pale mucous membrane, red patches, alopecia and wound around the abdomen, neck, and chest and pinnal pedal scratch reflex. Skin scraping was done from the affected site and the sample was dissolved in 10% KOH for the microscopic diagnosis where sarcoptic mange var canis was found. Treatment was initiated with ivermectin @ 0.5 ml s/c once, chlopheniramine maleate @ 1 ml once for 5 days. There were no adverse effect reactions and the dog showed clinical improvement after a week of treatment.
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangement and TP53 Co-mutation Treated Successfully with Ensartinib: A Case Report
Authors: Lv Dong-lai , Hu Xin , Fei Yu-chen , Chen Kai-xun
Published: May 2021

Background: Detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements is an important step in the selection of effective therapies for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. However, there have been few reports of ALK‐positive lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and, even more rarely, LSCC with ALK rearrangement and TP53 co-mutation. Thus, it remains unclear whether ALK and TP53 co-mutant LSCC responds to ALK inhibitor treatment. Ensartinib is a novel ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Case presentation: A 73-year-old female nonsmoker was diagnosed with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the right lung (grade 3, cT4N3M1c, stage IVB). Targeted next-generation sequencing indicated that the cancer cells harbored both the EML4-ALK variant 1 rearrangement (E13;A20) and TP53 exon10 p.L348S (c.1043T>C) mutation, accounted for 70.04%. After only one cycle of ensartinib therapy, the patient exhibited a good partial response in most target lesions, and her performance status improved from 4 to 2. Conclusions: This result strongly suggests that ensartinib, a novel second-generation ALK inhibitor, may be an effective and rapid treatment for patients with this rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. Routine molecular analysis of ALK status in patients with LSCC is recommended. Results of the present study may provide some insight into treatment strategies for patients with ALK- and TP53-positive LSCC.
Imaging biomarkers of intrahepatic macrovascular tumour thrombus necrosis after combined therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A downstaging indicator for radical surgery
Authors: Cao Junning , Wang Zhanbo , Hu Bingyang , Zhang Wenwen , Han Jun , Wan Tao , Lu Shichun
Published: May 2021

Background: As novel downstaging therapies are rising and the prevalence of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) with intrahepatic macrovascular tumour thrombus (IMTT) is high, accurate assessment of complete IMTT necrosis after these therapies could lead to an opportunity for subsequent radical surgery. Our preliminary study aimed to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of imaging biomarkers for complete IMTT necrosis after combined therapies for patients with aHCC. Methods: Consecutive patients who were diagnosed with aHCC combined with IMTT at our single institute were treated with combined therapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or transarterial chemoembolization) and underwent radical surgery. Before and after combined therapies, contrast-enhanced or diffusion-weighted imaging was performed to assess complete IMTT necrosis. Image qualitative biomarkers, including disappearance of arterial enhancement and no diffusion restriction, were analysed. The percentage of IMTT enhancement (IMTTE%) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for IMTTE% and ADC values. Complete IMTT necrosis was confirmed by pathologic analysis. Differences were statistically significant when P < 0.05. Results: There were 27 consecutive patients received combined therapies and underwent surgery. Eighteen patients with images from 36 examinations were included. Disappearance of arterial enhancement and no diffusion restriction yielded 88.9%/77.8% sensitivity, 83.3%/80.0% specificity, an 84.2%/82.4% positive predictive value, an 88.2%/75.0% negative predictive value, and 86.1%/78.8% diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing complete IMTT necrosis. The area under curve (AUC) of the IMTTE% values for the diagnosis of viable IMTT was 0.94, with an optimal cut-off value of 145.5% resulting in a sensitivity/specificity of 88.9%/88.9%. The AUC of ADC values for the diagnosis of complete IMTT necrosis was 0.79, with an optimal cut-off value of 1.3×10-3 mm2/s resulting in a sensitivity/specificity of 88.9%/80.0%. Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging biomarkers show good diagnostic performance in the differentiation of complete IMTT necrosis after combined therapies for patients with aHCC.
Symptomatic Discal Pseudocyst after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: 3 Case reports and retrospective review analysis
Authors: Wu Hai-ting , Wang Yun
Published: May 2021

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatment of post-discectomy symptomatic Discal Pseudocyst after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of 3 patients with concurrent symptomatic discal pseudocyst after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy revealed that all patients were female and had unilateral radiculopathy due to single-segmental lumbar disc herniation. Symptoms were alleviated obviously after the first operation, but pains recurred and even worse than before. The mean recurrence time was 5 weeks (2–8 weeks). Post-operative MRI showed quasi-circular occupancy in the original surgical area (low signal on T1-weighted image, high signal on T2-weighted image, same as cerebrospinal fluid), and communicating with the intervertebral disc.Results The symptoms of two patients gradually alleviated after conservative treatment, and the follow-up MRI showed that the cyst had completely absorbed within one year. Another patient underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal cyst excision under local anesthesia again. Round-like tumors were found in the operation, with dark red and viscous contents. Postoperative cyst wall pathology suggested fibrous cyst wall tissue, and postoperative symptoms were relieved immediately. Cystic space occupancy disappeared after 6 months follow-up.Conclusion The concurrent symptomatic discal pseudocyst after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy are rare and often occur in the early postoperative period, and can be clearly diagnosed by MRI examination. Patients who fail to respond to conservative treatment may require surgical treatment and have a good prognosis.
Severe NEUROG3 mutation underlies pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiency
Authors: Georgia Senta , Millette Katelyn , Zheng Yuhua , Vogt Kyle , Liu Cambrian , Austin Juliana , Zhou Shengmei , Martin Martin
Published: May 2021

Patients with NEUROG3 mutations suffer from diabetes mellitus due to pancreatic endocrinopathy and chronic malabsorptive diarrhea due to enteric endocrinopathy. We have identified a severe truncation mutation in NEUROG3 (P39PfsX38) that results in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and significantly contributes to chronic malabsorptive diarrhea. We identified this novel phenotype by interrogating induced pluripotent stem cells from the NEUROG3-P39PfsX38 patient’s fibroblasts and an isogenic “wild-type” control cell line generated via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. We discovered that NEUROG3- P39PfsX38 lines failed to activate pancreatic progenitor and differentiated lineage markers, suggesting that the mutation may disrupt pancreatic organogenesis and could result in endocrine and exocrine dysfunction. Isogenic corrected cell lines differentiated into all pancreatic lineages. Clinical assessments concluded that the patient has exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Treatment with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy improved patient outcomes, including weight gain, fat absorption, and resolution of fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. These results expose a novel role for NEUROG3 in human pancreatic differentiation and illustrate how patient-specific stem cells can be used to interrogate disease etiology and affect patient care.
Modeling and Analysis of Network Direct Reporting Security of Infectious Diseases based on Wireless Communication Technology
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Zhang Ting
Published: May 2021

In order to solve the problem of low security in the process of direct reporting of traditional infectious diseases, the corresponding network direct report security model is established by wireless communication technology. According to the network structure of infectious diseases, the transmission path of the information of direct report of epidemic situation is determined, and the data of direct report of epidemic situation is obtained by wireless communication technology. On this basis, the security risk level of wireless communication network is divided. This paper analyzes the negative factors that affect network security from hacker attack, high risk vulnerability of software and user information tampering. Combined with the analysis results of multiple security mechanisms of the direct report network of infectious diseases, the quantitative evaluation of network security is realized, that is, the modeling and analysis of the network direct report security of infectious diseases is realized. Compared with traditional security model, it is found that the network direct report security model can reduce the loss and error of infectious disease data, which has a high application value.
A study on the amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease model of APPL-Gal4 Drosophila eye
Authors: G.K. Pratap , Shantaram Manjula
Published: May 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis involves two hallmarks: amyloid-beta aggregation (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This has incited the use of animal models to mirror the disease. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster has garnered considerable attention as an organism to recapitulate human disorders. Drosophilaisusedas novel genetic tools for studying cellular aspects and behavioural and physiological traits of human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, authors use the Drosophila model in understanding AD pathology and the insights were gained in drug discovery for AD therapy
Method of variable separation for investigating exact solutions and dynamical properties of the time-fractional Fokker-Planck equation
Authors: Yang Xinsong , Rui Weiguo , Chen Fen
Published: May 2021

Based on the idea of variable separation, the time-fractional Fokker-Planck equation with external force field is studied by using the property of Mittag-Leffler function and some special algorithm skills. In the cases of various external potential functions such as linear potential, harmonic potential, logarithmic potential, exponential potential, and quartic potential, exact solutions and dynamical properties of the above mentioned equation is investigated. The some interesting dynamical behaviors and phenomena are discovered. The profiles of some representative exact solutions are illustrated by 3D-graphs.
Impact of Stochastic Entrainment in the NCAR CAM Deep Convection Parameterization on the Simulation of South Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: PATHAK RAJU , Sahany Sandeep , Mishra Saroj Kanta
Published: May 2021

Model simulations are highly sensitive to the formulation of the atmospheric mixing process or entrainment in the deep convective parameterizations used in their atmospheric component. In this paper, we have implemented stochastic entrainment in the deep convection scheme of NCAR CAM5 and analyzed the improvements in model simulation, focusing on the South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM), as compared to the deterministic entrainment formulation in the default version of the model. Simulations using stochastic entrainment (StochCAM5) outperformed default model simulations (DefCAM5), as inferred from multiple metrics associated with the SASM. StochCAM5 significantly alleviated some of the longstanding SASM biases seen in DefCAM5, such as precipitation pattern and magnitude over the Arabian Sea and western Equatorial Indian ocean, early monsoon withdrawal, and the overestimation (underestimation) in the frequency of light (large-to-extreme) precipitation. Related SASM dynamical and thermodynamical features, such as Somali Jet, low-level westerly winds, and meridional tropospheric temperature gradient (MTTG), are improved in StochCAM5. Further, the simulation of monsoon intra-seasonal oscillation (MISO), Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), and equatorial Kelvin waves are improved in StochCAM5. Many essential climate variables, such as shortwave and longwave cloud forcing, cloud cover, relative and specific humidity, and precipitable water, show significant improvement in StochCAM5.
Identification of QTL for resistance to head smut in Maize(Zea mays. L)
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Tan Kang , Li Chunhong , Shen Tao , Zhang Zhi
Published: May 2021

Head smut (HS) is one of the most devastating diseases in spring maize growing region. To provide theoretical and applied basics for breeding resistant maize to HS, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for HS resistance was identified in this study. The resistant QTL to HS was studied by the F2:3 population derived from the cross T32 (highly resistant genotype) × HC (highly susceptible genotype). Analysis for each environment and joint analysis across three environments were used to identify QTL for the F2:3 population. A significant difference in HS resistance was found between inbred lines ‘T32’ and ‘HC’. A large genetic variation and transgressive segregation of the F2:3 population were observed among three different sites, Guian (GA), Huaxi (HX), and Pingba (PB). Two stable QTL for resistance to HS were detected in different environments, located in the interval umc1177 to umc2224 on chromosome 1 and in the interval umc1006 to nc013 on chromosome 6. Both of these QTL can be used for further marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding and theoretical study of maize resistance to HS.
Process-related impurities in the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine
Authors: Krutzke Lea , Roesler Reinhild , Wiese Sebastian , Kochanek Stefan
Published: May 2021

Sinus venous thrombosis has been linked to immunization with the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine. The initial trigger for this serious adverse event has not been determined. We analyzed the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine by biochemical and proteomic methods. We found that the vaccine, in addition to the adenovirus vector, contains substantial amounts of both human and non-structural viral proteins. Among the human proteins, heat-shock proteins and cytoskeletal proteins were particularly abundant. The often-observed strong clinical reaction one or two days after vaccination is likely associated with the detected protein impurities. A linkage to later immune-related adverse events is also conceivable. The here reported identification of specific classes of protein impurities should guide and accelerate efforts to increase the purity of the vaccine and increase its safety and efficacy.
Selected 'Starter Kit' energy system modelling data for Angola (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Angola, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Botswana (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Botswana, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Burkina Faso (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Burkina Faso, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Congo Republic (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Halloran Claire , Charbonnier Flora , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Congo Republic, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Malawi (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Malawi, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Mauritania (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. This article therefore provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Mauritania, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost ) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Ethiopia (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Ethiopia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Ghana (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Cronin Jen , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Ghana, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Truncated-distance codes and ternary compounds
Authors: Dejter Italo Jose , Fuentes Luis R , Araujo Carlos A
Published: May 2021

Please see manuscript .pdf for full abstract.
Diabetic Neovascularization Defects in the Retina Are Improved by Genistein Supplementation in the Ovariectomized Rat
Authors: yousefi Hadi , Komaki‬ Alireza , Shahidi Siamak , Habibi Parisa , Sadeghian Reihaneh , Ahmadiasl Nasser , Daghigh Faeze
Published: May 2021

Genistein seems to have a protective and therapeutic effect on conditions associated with neovascular growth in the retina. This study investigated the angiogenesis, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effect of genistein on the retinas in ovariectomized diabetic rats. In this study, forty female albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8 per group): sham, OVX, OVX +diabetes (OVX.D), and OVX.D +genistein (OVX.D.G). OVX induced by bilateral ovaries removing and then high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (1 mg/kg: IP injected) was used for diabetes induction (OVX.D) with eight weeks of genistein treatment (OVX.D.G). At the end of 8 weeks, the retina was removed under anesthesia. The samples were used to measure ERK, MMP-2, VEGF, and Nf-КB by western blotting and inflammatory factors ELISA and oxidative stress. Measurements of GSH and MDA showed that OVX and specially OVX.D significantly decreased GSH and increased MDA level in the retina, but genistein reversed these effects OVX.D.G groups. Also, OVX and OVX.D significantly increased VEGF, MMP-2, p-ERK, Nf-КB, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression in the retina of OVX and OVX.D groups in comparison to the sham group(P<0.05). However, a significant reduction of these proteins was observed in the genistein-treated group (P<0.05).It can be concluded ovariectomy and subsequently estrogen deficiency caused the development of inflammation, neovascularization, and then retinopathy in STZ-induced diabetic ovariectomized rats. Based on the results, genistein administration may be the practical approach for improving symptoms and complications of ovariectomized diabetic retinopathy.
Difficulty Index and Cognitive Skills of English Textbook for Senior High School
Authors: Hambali Muslih , Mirizon Soni , Heryana Nandang
Published: May 2021

This study explored the difficulty index, the terms for the category for reading text level, and cognitive levels of reading texts in the English textbook, Interlanguage, for Senior High School grade 12. The primary aim was to determine the extent to which the degree of the available different categories of reading text levels included the cognitive level of questions. Through the readability test formulas for difficulty index and a checklist based on revised Bloom Taxonomy for cognitive skills, 11 reading texts completed with 56 reading comprehension questions were analyzed. The result revealed that the Interlanguage textbook contained four different categories of reading level such as difficult, fairly difficult, plain, and fairly easy to read. The textbook had in the average category of fairly difficult to read for difficulty index and contained fewer HOTS–based questions than LOTS ones (34% < 66%). Besides, higher reading text levels included fewer HOTS-based questions than those of lower ones. This means a higher level of cognitive skill of questions may appear in any text with a different level of difficulty index. This suggests that the English textbook should be revised to have more HOTS-based question items for developing the students’ high cognitive levels.
Use of Aluminosilicate Residue from Insulators of High Voltage Transformers for the Adsorption of Basic Dyes
Authors: Murga Fernando , de Campos José , Signini Roberta
Published: May 2021

In this study, an aluminosilicate residue from insulators of high voltage transformers was used for the adsorption of basic dyes. The absorbent was characterized by X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, multimolecular adsorption theory (Branauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)) and determination of the point of zero charge (pHPZC). The effect of solution pH and adsorbent mass, the kinetic and thermodynamic behavior at different temperatures and the application of non-linear isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushevich were investigated. The pHPZC value for the aluminosilicate was 3.7. The best conditions for adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes were pH 8.0 and adsorbent mass of 1100 mg in 25 mL. The best fit for the experimental data was obtained applying the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with an equilibrium time of 480 to 720 min, and the activation energy suggests a physical adsorption mechanism. Isothermal parameters suggest a heterogeneous, favorable and predominantly physical surface adsorption. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process is not spontaneous and is exothermic and the Gibbs energy values (ΔGº) suggest physisorption.
Spatial-temporal pattern study on water conservation function using the SWAT model
Authors: Wang Zhiyin , Cao Jiansheng
Published: May 2021

The performance of the water conservation function (WCF) affects the water supply and flood control capabilities of an ecosystem. In this study, we combined the water balance method with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to calculate the water conservation amount (WCA) upstream of the Xiong'an New Area (Zijingguan (ZJG), Zhongtangmei (ZJG) and Fuping (FP) basins) at annual and monthly scales from 2007 to 2017, and used multiple linear regression and geographic detector models to analyze the factors affecting the temporal changes and spatial pattern of the WCA. Our results reveal that the annual WCAs of the ZTM basin are all positive, while the WCAs of the ZJG and FP basins have negative values in drought years. The annual WCAs in the upstream of each basin have changed between positive and negative values. On the monthly scale, all areas of the ZJG, ZTM, and FP basins have positive and negative value changes of WCA between the rainy and non-rainy seasons. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, and their combined effects are the main factors leading to the temporal changes and spatial patterns of WCA in the study area. The above results can provide reference cases for other regions to carry out relevant research work.
Allium Sativum As Antimalaria Agent Via Falciapin Protease-2 Inhibitor Mechanism : Molecular Docking Perspective
Authors: Syaban Mokhamad Fahmi Rizki , Rachman Hafidh Alyza , Arrahman Azmirfani Diti , Hudayana Nur , Khamid Jaya Purna , Pratama Farhan Adi
Published: May 2021

Background:Â Malaria is an endemic disease that can lead to death. Malaria control is a threatening cause of resistance to antimalarial drugs so that renewable therapies are needed to overcome this disease. The chemical compounds of garlic have potential as antimalarial agents, but the mechanism is still unknown. Aim:Â This research will predict the compounds' molecular mechanism in garlic (Allium sativum) using the in-silico method. Methods:Â The In-silico method using chemical compounds in Allium sativum were obtained from PubChem, and Falciapain protease-2 was obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Then performed a docking simulation between ligand-protein and analyzed it in 3D. We were used PyRx, Pymol, and DS (Discover Studio) software for analysis and visualization of the interaction of ligand-protein.Â Results:Â The results we got, the Alliin compound contained in Allium sativum has the strongest bond with Falcipain protease-2. Allin has fulfilled Lipinski Rule, so Alliin drug-likeness potentially. Alliin has antimalarial activity with its inhibition mechanism against Falcipain protease-2. Conclusion:Â Â We recommend this study as a reference for further research on Aliin compounds as antimalarials through in vitro and in vivo methods.
PENGARUH VARIETAS KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) DAN RASIO GULA AREN : GULA PASIR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ENTING-ENTING GETI
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Triachdiani Nanda , Murtini Erni Sofia ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: May 2021

Produk enting-enting geti yang beredar di pasar saat ini masih memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda—beda. Karakteristiknya dapat ditentukan oleh penggunaan jenis kacang serta jenis dan rasio gula pada proses pembuatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan varietas kacang tanah dan rasio gula aren : gula pasir terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik dari produk enting-enting geti. Metode yang digunakan adalah RAK Faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu varietas kacang tanah dan rasio gula aren : gula pasir. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dilanjutkan uji lanjut BNT atau DMRT dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Varietas kacang tanah berpengaruh nyata pada nilai kemerahan (a*). Rasio gula aren : gula pasir berpengaruh nyata pada daya patah, nilai kecerahan (L*), nilai kekuningan (b*), dan kadar air. Interaksi kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata pada daya patah. Enting-enting geti perlakuan terbaik didapatkan pada produk dengan varietas kacang tanah Sudan dan rasio gula aren : gula pasir (1:1).
POTENSI EKSTRAK POLISAKARIDA LARUT AIR (PLA) DARI BIJI ASAM (Tamarindus indica L) SEBAGAI KONTROL BERAT BADAN DAN GLUKOSA DARAH
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Harijono Harijono , Syamsuri Aulia Azizah ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Fibrianto Kiki ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Wulan Siti Narsito ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Prasmita Hera Sisca ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: May 2021

Biji asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L) merupakan salah satu potensi lokal Indonesia khususnya daerah Nusa Tenggara. Ekstrak polisakarida larut air (PLA) biji asam berperan sebagai sumber serat yang dapat mengendalikan berat badan dan glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengoptimasi ekstraksi PLA biji asam yang memiliki rendemen dan tingkat kelarutan yang paling baik sebagai kontrol berat badan dan glukosa darah. Proses optimasi menggunakan metode Box Behnken Design (BBD) dengan bantuan software Design Expert 10.0. Hasil optimasi yang diperoleh diverifikasi dan dilakukan pengujian potensinya terhadap berat badan dan glukosa darah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak PLA biji asam pada pakan tikus diet tinggi lemak selama 40 hari memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif pada kadar glukosa darah tikus. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan pemberian ekstrak kasar PLA biji asam dapat mengendalikan kadar glukosa tikus diet tinggi lemak.
PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK, KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK BUBUK KAKAO
Authors:   Universitas Jambi, Nizori Addion , Tanjung Oline Yatinko ,   Universitas Jambi, Ulyarti Ulyarti ,   Universitas Jambi, Arzita Arzita ,   Universitas Jambi, Lavlinesia Lavlinesia ,   Universitas Jambi, Ichwan Budiyati ,   Universitas Jambi
Published: May 2021

Proses fermentasi biji kakao merupakan prasyarat untuk menghasilkan prekursor rasa dan aroma kakao yang kuat yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas coklat yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan organoleptik bubuk kakao yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lama fermentasi biji kakao 2 hari, 4 hari, 6 hari, 8 hari dan 10 hari berturut-turut dengan 3 kali ulangan. Dari perlakuan lama fermentasi biji kakao yang dilakukan didapat hasil produk kakao terbaik dan juga memenuhi standar mutu adalah bubuk kakao dengan lama fermentasi 6 hari dengan nilai kadar air 5,7%, kadar asam 5.07, nilai aktivitas antioksidan 66.5% dan warna dark moderate orange.
Present status and issues of control technology for cracking of mass concrete in Japan
Authors: Mizobuchi Toshiaki , Asamoto Shingo
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the current state of the control technology for cracks caused by heat generation due to the hydration of cement during construction in Japan. For the prediction analysis for thermal cracking of mass concrete, this paper presents the CP method that was developed for the first time in the world, the thermal cracking probability, the simple evaluation method that can predict and estimate the thermal cracking without performing complicated analysis and the evaluation method for expansive materials using the mechanical energy conservation hypothesis. In addition, issues are introduced for the next revision of the guidelines.