bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relapse after non‐metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: The impact of routine surveillance imaging on early detection and post‐relapse survival
Authors: Casanova Michela , Bergamaschi Luca , Chiaravalli Stefano , Morosi Carlo , Livellara Virginia , Hovsepyan Shushan , Sironi Giovanna , Puma Nadia , Nigro Olga , Gattuso Giovanna , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Podda Marta , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Gasparini Patrizia , Vennarini Sabina , Massimino Maura , Ferrari Andrea
Published: November 2022

Background

Patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) whose disease relapses have little chance of being cured, so front‐line treatments are usually followed up with surveillance imaging in an effort to detect any recurrences as early as possible, and thereby improve post‐relapse outcomes. The real benefit of such routine surveillance imaging in RMS remains to be demonstrated, however. This retrospective, single‐center study examines how well surveillance imaging identifies recurrent tumors and its impact on post‐relapse survival.

Methods

The analysis concerned 79 patients <21 years old treated between 1985 and 2020 whose initially localized RMS relapsed. Clinical findings, treatment modalities, and survival were analyzed, comparing patients whose relapse was first suspected from symptoms they developed (clinical symptoms group) with those whose relapse was identified by radiological surveillance (routine imaging group).

Results

Tumor relapses came to light because of clinical symptoms in 42 cases, and on routine imaging in 37. The time to relapse was much the same in the two groups. The median overall survival (OS) and 5‐year OS rate were, respectively, 10 months and 12.6% in the clinical symptoms group, and 11 months and 27.5% in the routine imaging group (p‐value .327). Among patients with favorable prognostic scores, survival was better for those in the routine imaging group (5‐year OS 75.0% vs. 33.0%, p‐value .047).

Conclusion

It remains doubtful whether surveillance imaging has any real impact on RMS relapse detection and patients’ post‐relapse survival. Further studies are needed to establish the most appropriate follow‐up recommendations, taking the potentially negative effects of regular radiological exams into account.
A reliability estimation method based on two‐phase Wiener process with evidential variable using two types of testing data
Authors: Shi Jian , Qiao Yajing , Wang Shaoping , Cui Xiaoyu , Liu Di
Published: November 2022

The evidential variable shows the powerful ability on the parameter description, so we have cooperated it with the linear Wiener process to model linear degradation processes. However, the degradation paths of some products exhibit two‐phase patterns over the running time, which cannot be modeled by the linear Wiener process. Hence, it is developed into an associated evidential variable‐based two‐phase Wiener process. In order to utilize the proposed model, the related evidence obtaining, evidence fusion and performance inference approaches are constructed. A simulation study and an actual case are performed to verify the superiorities of the proposed method. The proposed method provides higher accuracies of the useful life, degradation, and reliability evaluations, due to utilizing the evidential variable and considering the two‐phase degradation conditions.
Dynamic event‐triggered model‐free adaptive security tracking control for constrained subway train system
Authors: Zhu Lin , Che Wei‐Wei
Published: November 2022

In this article, the dynamic event‐triggered model‐free adaptive security tracking control problem of the subway system with speed and traction/braking force constraints under aperiodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks is studied. The complex subway train system is transformed into a linearization data model by using the dynamic linearization technique. For the subway system, both speed and traction/braking forces need to be restrained to ensure the safety of the subway equipment. In addition, the dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is designed to reduce communication frequency and prolong the hardware life cycle. At the same time, considering aperiodic DoS attacks in the network channel, the security tracking control problem is guaranteed. In the simulation, the algorithm is applied to the subway train system, and the effectiveness of this algorithm is verified with a comparison.
Two‐sample test withg‐modeling and its applications
Authors: Zhai Jingyi , Jiang Hui
Published: November 2022

Many real data analyses involve two‐sample comparisons in location or in distribution. Most existing methods focus on problems where observations are independently and identically distributed in each group. However, in some applications the observed data are not identically distributed but associated with some unobserved parameters which are identically distributed. To address this challenge, we propose a novel two‐sample testing procedure as a combination of the ‐modeling density estimation introduced by Efron and the two‐sample Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. We also propose efficient bootstrap algorithms to estimate the statistical significance for such tests. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach with two biostatistical applications: the analysis of surgical nodes data with binomial model and differential expression analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing data with zero‐inflated Poisson model.
Experience of the prefecture with hunting management influences the effectiveness of wildlife policy
Authors: Okuda Kei , Hayashi Yoshimi , Kaji Koichi
Published: November 2022

Overabundant ungulate populations have impacted forestry and agricultural systems, as well as natural ecosystems, worldwide. To effectively control the sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations, which are currently under limited hunting pressure in Japan, we evaluated the prefectures' past management experiences with 2 wildlife laws: a prefecture‐determined management system for relaxing hunting regulations implemented in 2000 and municipality‐determined damage control system for subsidized culling implemented in 2008. Time series data (1990–2014) of sika deer and wild boar harvest per hunter for each prefecture were grouped using dynamic time warping clustering analyses. All groups of both ungulates demonstrated significant increases in harvest per hunter after implementing both laws. The prefectures with the most experience in deer management could control sika deer populations through management planning, culling supported by subsidies, and enforcement of antlerless deer harvest. The strategies are likely ineffective for controlling wild boar populations because of the lack of effective selective harvesting and limited survey methods for population monitoring. Our findings suggest that prefectures' experience in hunting management influences the success of population reduction actions for sika deer.
Conceptualization of English Medium Instruction
Authors: Han Jinghe
Published: November 2022

When exploring English Medium Instruction (EMI) as a concept, the dominant paradigm in the literature pertains to descriptive statements rather than definitions; appears to replicate more of the same and is based on what could be labeled ‘convenient’ studies. EMI research designed for change and innovation, aiming to propose solutions or generate frameworks for improvement in practice, is wanting. This Chapter addresses the complexities of EMI through the multiple lenses of theory and deconstructs EMI’s individual elements to ascertain how each contributes to its understanding and conceptualization. The ‘English’ in EMI teaching is situated within bi/multilingual contexts. It extends beyond its Anglophone authenticity, thus is a plural form responding to crosslinguistic influence and translanguaging practice. The ‘Medium’ is a ‘channel’ through which teaching occurs and often involves multimedia technology. It influences and is influenced by mode, field, tenor and context. The ‘Instruction’ is theorized as a set of principles encapsulating EMI lecturers’ pedagogical stance and reflects how they position the learners. Moving beyond the general, simplistic descriptions of EMI prevalent in the literature, this Chapter aims to provide a conceptual framework of EMI to inform the data analysis in subsequent Chapters.
Emissionswirkungen der 2021 reformierten Kfz-Steuer: Eine empirische Analyse
Authors: Flintz Joschka , Frondel Manuel , Horvath Marco
Published: November 2022

Im Jahr 2021 wurde die emissionsabhängige Komponente der Kfz-Steuer angepasst und progressiv gestaltet, sodass sich die Steuerbelastung für Fahrzeuge mit hoher Emissionsintensität überproportional erhöht hat. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert dieser Beitrag die Effektivität der reformierten Kfz-Steuer in Bezug auf ihre Lenkungswirkung und ihr Einsparpotential an Kohlendioxid (CO2) mit Hilfe des Nachfragemodells von Berry et al. (1995). Dieses Modell ermöglicht eine realitätsnähere Darstellung der Nachfrageseite als Conditional- oder Nested-Logit-Modelle. Unsere Schätzergebnisse zeigen, dass infolge der Reform jährlich ungefähr 21.000 Autos weniger verkauft werden dürften, die mittlere CO2-Intensität sich um 0,74 g/km verringert und der jährliche CO2-Ausstoß neu gekaufter Fahrzeuge um rund 60.000 t sinken könnte. Diese geringen Effekte sind intuitiv verständlich: Eine durchschnittliche Steuererhöhung von rund 11 € pro Jahr entfaltet nicht die Lenkungswirkung, derer es bedarf, um die Emissionen substanziell zu senken. Unsere Simulationsergebnisse einer fiktiven Kfz-Besteuerung mit stärker progressiven Steuersätzen, die eine mittlere Steuererhöhung von ca. 90 € zur Folge hätte, zeigen: Dies würde deutlich stärkere Effekte haben und die durchschnittlichen spezifischen CO2-Emissionen neuer Autos um gut 5 g/km senken sowie die Anzahl an Neuzulassungen um rund 195.000 Pkw. Dadurch könnten jährlich rund 450.000 t CO2 eingespart werden. Verglichen mit den jährlichen Emissionen der Autoflotte in Deutschland von ca. 100 Mio. Tonnen wären aber selbst die Effekte der fiktiven Kfz-Besteuerung mit höheren Steuersätzen recht begrenzt.
The Lives of a Roman Neighborhood
Authors: Jacobs Paul
Published: November 2022

In this book, Paul Jacobs traces the history of a neighborhood situated in the heart of Rome over twenty-five centuries. Here, he considers how topography and location influenced its long urban development. During antiquity, the forty-plus acre, flood-prone site on the Tiber's edge was transformed from a meadow near a crossroads into the imperial Circus Flaminius, with its temples, colonnades, and a massive theater. Later, it evolved into a bustling medieval and early modern residential and commercial district known as the Sant'Angelo rione. Subsequently, the neighborhood enclosed Rome's Ghetto. Today, it features an archaeological park and tourist venues, and it is still the heart of Rome's Jewish community. Jacobs' study explores the impact of physical alterations on the memory of lost topographical features. He also posits how earlier development may be imprinted upon the landscape, or preserved to influence future changes.
Some remarks on Elytis’ Crinagoras
Authors: Luciani Cristiano
Published: November 2022

Ancient Greek poets such as Alcaeus and Sappho, and later Crinagoras, took on through Elytis’ poetry a new literary significance, thanks to his personal reconstruction of fragments and the epigram respectively.

The technique of reconstruction from fragments or restoring epigrams is not unconnected with the type of so-called ‘prismatic expression’ used by Elytis in the creation of his own poetry: a prism's polyhedral and crystalline form allows for the coexistence of facets significant in themselves, but which, when arranged in a new composition, create a new and harmonious entity.
IWASAWA THEORY FORp-TORSION CLASS GROUP SCHEMES IN CHARACTERISTICp
Authors: BOOHER JEREMY , CAIS BRYDEN
Published: November 2022

We investigate a novel geometric Iwasawa theory for${\mathbf Z}_p$-extensions of function fields over a perfect fieldkof characteristic$p>0$by replacing the usual study ofp-torsion in class groups with the study ofp-torsion class groupschemes. That is, if$\cdots \to X_2 \to X_1 \to X_0$is the tower of curves overkassociated with a${\mathbf Z}_p$-extension of function fields totally ramified over a finite nonempty set of places, we investigate the growth of thep-torsion group scheme in the Jacobian of$X_n$as$n\rightarrow \infty $. By Dieudonné theory, this amounts to studying the first de Rham cohomology groups of$X_n$equipped with natural actions of Frobenius and of the Cartier operatorV. We formulate and test a number of conjectures which predict striking regularity in the$k[V]$-module structure of the space$M_n:=H^0(X_n, \Omega ^1_{X_n/k})$of global regular differential forms as$n\rightarrow \infty .$For example, for each tower in a basic class of${\mathbf Z}_p$-towers, we conjecture that the dimension of the kernel of$V^r$on$M_n$is given by$a_r p^{2n} + \lambda _r n + c_r(n)$for allnsufficiently large, where$a_r, \lambda _r$are rational constants and$c_r : {\mathbf Z}/m_r {\mathbf Z} \to {\mathbf Q}$is a periodic function, depending onrand the tower. To provide evidence for these conjectures, we collect extensive experimental data based on new and more efficient algorithms for working with differentials on${\mathbf Z}_p$-towers of curves, and we prove our conjectures in the case$p=2$and$r=1$.
Charting the landscape of data-driven learning using a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dong Jihua , Zhao Yanan , Buckingham Louisa
Published: November 2022

This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyse common research themes, high-impact publications and research venues, identify the most recent transformative research, and map the developmental stages of data-driven learning (DDL) since its genesis. A dataset of 126 articles and 3,297 cited references (1994–2021) retrieved from the Web of Science was analysed using CiteSpace 6.1.R2. The analysis uncovered the principal research themes and high-impact publications, and the most recent transformative research in the DDL field. The following evolutionary stages of DDL were determined based on Shneider’s (2009) scientific model and the timeline generated by CiteSpace, namely, the conceptualising stage (1980s–1998), the maturing stage (1998–2011), and the expansion stage (2011–now), with Stage 4 just emerging. Finally, the analysis discerned potential future research directions, including the implementation of DDL in larger-scale classroom practice and the role of variables in DDL.
Development and Procurement of a National Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Cache for Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Beauchemin Pierre-Yves , Chandler Drew R. , Noste Erin E. , Larsen Jan-Erik , Cook Anthony T. , Casey Sean T.
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:

Pacific Island Countries and Areas (PICs) represent some of the most logistically challenging locations, covering vast ocean territory and remote islands. Light, mobile clinical response capability is critical in the disaster-prone Pacific. Beginning in January 2021, WHO researched, tailored, and procured EMT cache “kits” specifically for Pacific Island contexts, based on the core standards of the global EMT initiative.

Objectives:

To research, tailor, and procure cache “kits” to ensure self-sufficiency and high-quality out-patient mobile medical care for national EMTs in PICs.

Method/Description:

WHO facilitated the development of national cache kits for 10 PICs EMTs. A need for specialized equipment and supplies or “cache” for team self-reliance is critical. Through a consultative process, including Pacific EMT leadership and team members, EMT mentors, and regional partners, WHO curated and procured cache kits for 10 PICs EMTs.

Results/Outcomes:

The Pacific EMT cache kit is designed for four-to-six-person teams with the capacity to deploy for a minimum of three days, with full self-sufficiency. Because of the complex and remote access to many Pacific Islands, EMT cache must be practical for transport on small aircrafts and maritime vessels. A consultative process resulted in a curated cache list for Pacific national EMTs of over 125 items, estimated to weigh approximately 440 kilograms per kit. By the end of 2022, a total 31 kits will be delivered to EMTs in ten countries.

Conclusion:

The design, development, and procurement of Pacific EMT cache for national response operations will allow for increased speed and agility for response to disasters and public health emergencies.
Teaching by historicising private international law
Authors: Banu Roxana
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes a historical contextual pedagogy for private international, which helps students reflect on the impact of the field's legal techniques in different historical contexts. To emphasise the richness of a historical lens, the paper reflects on the development and use of private international law tort rules in a colonial, intellectual and gender historical context. By taking Phillips v. Eyre as a reference, the goal is to illustrate how the canonical cases in private international law can serve as entry points towards a broader historical contextualisation of private international law, beyond the doctrine, though inspired by it.
Practical guide of vascular ultrasound in arteriovenous fistulae
Authors: Isaak Andrej , Jörg Luzian , Attigah Nicolas , Thalhammer Christoph , Staub Daniel , Aschwanden Markus , Richarz Sabine
Published: November 2022

Summary: The use of vascular ultrasound, especially with the increasing prevalence of percutaneous arteriovenous fistulas, has taken a central role as a diagnostic and therapeutic imaging procedure in vascular access creation. The current review article stresses the importance of vascular ultrasound in arteriovenous fistula, from planning to creation to maintenance. It summarises and gives practical guidance regarding sonographic criteria for vascular access procedure planning, the application of vascular ultrasound intraoperatively and during follow-up. Ultrasound education and training modalities to meet high standards of patient care in hemodialysis are presented.
Risiken und Chancen der Digitalisierung
Authors: Lindenberg Katajun , Dittrich Anna-Maria
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Durch die Digitalisierung ist innerhalb von kurzer Zeit eine zusätzliche Lebenswelt für Kinder und Jugendliche entstanden. Aus kinderpsychologischer Sicht stellt sich deshalb die Fragen, welche Risiken und Chancen die Digitalisierung sowohl für die Kindesentwicklung als auch für die psychotherapeutische Versorgung birgt. Risiken der Digitalisierung, sogenannte online harms („Online-Schäden“), zeigen sich durch Aggravation oder Veränderung bereits bekannter Störungsbilder (z. B. Essstörungen, selbstverletzendes oder suizidales Verhalten, Hypochondrie) oder die Entstehung neuer Störungsbilder (z. B. Online-Verhaltenssüchte wie die Computerspielstörung). Ausschlaggebend erscheint dabei nicht die Zeit, die mit digitalen Medien verbracht wird, sondern das Nutzungsmuster und die Funktionalität der Nutzung. Gleichzeitig bieten digitale Diagnostik, Monitoring- und Feedbacksysteme sowie digitale Interventionen neue Chancen zur Verbesserung der psychotheapeutischen Versorgung. Beispielsweise können Jugendliche durch App-basierte Interventionen im Alltag besser erreicht werden, und auch für unterversorgte Populationen wie beispielsweise Angehörige bieten digitale Angebote einen niederschwelligen Zugang. Die Digitalisierung stellt somit Wissenschaft und Psychotherapie vor große Herausforderungen und neue Aufgaben.
Ocean Emission Pathway and Secondary Formation Mechanism of Aminiums Over the Chinese Marginal Sea
Authors: Liu Chengfeng , Li Hao , Zheng Haitao , Wang Guochen , Qin Xiaofei , Chen Jia , Zhou Shengqian , Lu Da , Liang Guoping , Song Xiaoquan , Duan Yusen , Liu Jianguo , Huang Kan , Deng Congrui
Published: November 2022

Amines/aminiums are recognized for their importance in new particle formation, organic nitrogen cycle, and aerosol forcings. Among the complex sources, the ocean origins and generation pathways of aminiums are less understood. During a cruise campaign over the Chinese marginal sea (Bohai Sea), five low‐molecular‐weight aminiums were measured. The strong anthropogenic period (terrestrial transport) and the weak anthropogenic period (dust, clean, and sea fog periods) were identified based on the traceable aerosol chemical species, air masses transport patterns, and marine chlorophyll‐a. Inconsistent spatiotemporal variations of various aminiums were observed. Monomethylaminium (MMAH+), dimethylaminium (DMAH+), ethylaminium (EAH+), and diethylaminium (DEAH+) were more enriched during the weak anthropogenic period than the strong anthropogenic period and especially peaked during the sea fog period. The significant correlation between the four aminiums and methanesulfonic acid suggested their secondary formation pathways. Through further exploring the governing factors, the acid–base neutralization via the aqueous phase processing was identified as a critical process for the secondary transformation of aminiums. In contrast, trimethylaminium (TMAH+) showed moderate correlation with Na+ in the total suspended particles only, suggesting its primary marine sources via enrichment in the sea‐spray aerosol through bubble bursting. Based on the step‐wise correlation analysis, the sea surface organic nitrogenous reservoir was found as the dominant contributor to the measured aminiums over the Bohai Sea, while the role of marine phytoplankton emission in the formation of aminiums was limited.
Synthesis of novel carbon-supported iron oxide sorbents for adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and flow-through studies
Authors: Khumalo Siphesihle Praise-God , Lokhat David , Chetty Kimbelin , Chetty Latisha
Published: November 2022

Textile effluents contain dyes that negatively affect water bodies and inhibit photosynthesis by reducing sunlight penetration. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of an iron oxide sorbent immobilised on naturally derived carbon foam for the removal of organic methylene blue dye from water. In this study, the carbon precursor and iron oxide precursor were mixed and carbonised in a single vessel. Baking and carbonization of the natural grain combination produce a porous structure that can act as an effective support for the iron oxide particles. The carbon foam prepared had a self-assembled structure with flour as a basic element. Sorbents of 6 weight (wt)%, 15 wt% iron, and a 0 wt% iron control sample were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques were used to examine the synthesised carbon foam physical properties and surface morphology. The adsorption capabilities were investigated in batch tests by determining the effects of an increase in iron content, sorbent dosage, contact time, and dye concentration. Breakthrough curves were obtained by varying the height of the sorbent bed and varying the flowrate of the dye solution. A higher bed height corresponds to a greater amount of adsorbent. The breakthrough and equilibrium adsorption capacities were found to increase with increasing bed height. When the flow rate is high, the dye solution leaves the column before equilibrium, resulting in shorter breakthrough and saturation times. Higher bed heights and lower flow rates resulted in optimal dye removal in the flow through the system. Breakthrough time increases with increasing iron content. The 15 wt% iron sample displayed superior adsorption capabilities than the 6 wt% sample, while the 0 wt% iron control sample displayed minimal adsorptive capabilities. The pseudo-first order kinetic model was the best fit model for this study (R2 > 0.96), and the adsorption equilibrium is best described by the Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.99). The results showed that an iron oxide sorbent immobilised on carbon foam made from natural sources is a good adsorbent for removing methylene dye.
Ivy leaves extract EA 575 in the treatment of cough during acute respiratory tract infections: meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Völp Andreas , Schmitz Jennifer , Bulitta Michael , Raskopf Esther , Acikel Cengizhan , Mösges Ralph
Published: November 2022

Ivy leaves extracts have been used successfully to treat acute cough, and data from well-controlled trials is accumulating. We present a meta-analysis of two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) received ivy leaves dry extract EA 575 (n = 228) or placebo (n = 162) for 7 days, followed by a 7-day period without treatment. The main efficacy outcome was the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS). Individual patient data meta-analyses were performed using mixed models for repeated measures, analysis of covariance and logistic ordinal regression. Significant BSS differences between EA 575 and placebo occurred already after 2 days and increased until treatment end, with BSS reductions of 8.6 ± 0.2 and 6.2 ± 0.2 (marginal means ± SEM; p < 0.001). The score reduction for placebo after 7 days was comparable to that for EA 575 after 4 days. In the EA 575 group, the proportion of cough-free patients was 18.1% at treatment end and 56.2% at end of follow-up, compared to 9.3% and 25.6% for placebo, respectively. Adverse event rates for EA 575 and placebo were comparable. EA 575 reduces effectively the intensity of acute cough associated with ARTIs and leads to a significant acceleration of recovery. No safety signals were observed.
Identifying high crash risk segments in rural roads using ensemble decision tree-based models
Authors: Iranmanesh Maryam , Seyedabrishami Seyedehsan , Moridpour Sara
Published: November 2022

Traffic safety forecast models are mainly used to rank road segments. While existing studies have primarily focused on identifying segments in urban networks, rural networks have received less attention. However, rural networks seem to have a higher risk of severe crashes. This paper aims to analyse traffic crashes on rural roads to identify the influencing factors on the crash frequency and present a framework to develop a spatial–temporal crash risk map to prioritise high-risk segments on different days. The crash data of Khorasan Razavi province is used in this study. Crash frequency data with the temporal resolution of one day and spatial resolution of 1500 m from loop detectors are analysed. Four groups of influential factors, including traffic parameters (e.g. traffic flow, speed, time headway), road characteristics (e.g. road type, number of lanes), weather data (e.g. daily rainfall, snow depth, temperature), and calendar variables (e.g. day of the week, public holidays, month, year) are used for model calibration. Three different decision tree algorithms, including, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) have been employed to predict crash frequency. Results show that based on the traditional evaluation measures, the XGBosst is better for the explanation and interpretation of the factors affecting crash frequency, while the RF model is better for detecting trends and forecasting crash frequency. According to the results, the traffic flow rate, road type, year of the crash, and wind speed are the most influencing variables in predicting crash frequency on rural roads. Forecasting the high and medium risk segment-day in the rural network can be essential to the safety management plan. This risk will be sensitive to real traffic data, weather forecasts and road geometric characteristics. Seventy percent of high and medium risk segment-day are predicted for the case study.
A deep learning based method for automatic analysis of high-throughput droplet digital PCR images
Authors: Yang Haixu , Yu Jiahui , Jin Luhong , Zhao Yunpeng , Gao Qi , Shi Changrong , Ye Lei , Li Dong , Yu Hai , Xu Yingke
Published: November 2022

A deep learning based high-throughput ddPCR droplet detection framework for quantitative ddPCR image analysis.
Stability challenges of carbon-supported Pt-nanoalloys as fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: Đukić Tina , Pavko Luka , Jovanovič Primož , Maselj Nik , Gatalo Matija , Hodnik Nejc
Published: November 2022

The chronological development of Pt-alloys as electrocatalysts and electrochemical characterisation methods in our laboratory.
Hollow and nanoporous Ag sub-microcubes as SERS substrates
Authors: Feng Lihua , Zhou Yumeng , Wang Wenqin
Published: November 2022

Fabricating Ag(NH3)2NO3microcubes by directly evaporating silver ammonia solution. In Na3Cit solution, Ag(NH3)2NO3microcubes were converted into Ag3Cit sub-microcubes, which could be reduced to Ag sub-microcages with excellent SERS performances.
Cu(ii) 3,5-diiodosalicylate complexes: precursor-dependent formation of mono-, di-, tri- and tetranuclear compounds and 1D coordination polymers
Authors: Bondarenko Mikhail A. , Abramov Pavel A. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: November 2022

Reactions of CuCl2·2H2O or Cu(NO3)2·6H2O with 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (DISA) in the presence of different amines result in structurally diverse products.
Benchmark of a functional-group database for distributed polarizability and dipole moment in biomolecules
Authors: Ligorio Raphael F. , Rodrigues Jose L. , Zuev Anatoly , Dos Santos Leonardo H. R. , Krawczuk Anna
Published: November 2022

Application of group polarizability database towards better prediction of electric moments and electrostatic properties of biomolecules.
Accurate ab initio based global adiabatic potential energy surfaces for the 13A′′, 13A′ and 21A′ states of SiH2
Authors: Wang Hainan , Lü Yanling , Zhang Chengyuan , Li Yongqing
Published: November 2022

The minimum potential energy curves for the 11A′, 13A′′, 13A′ and 21A′ states. Considering potential barriers, it can be predicted that the molecular reaction of the 13A′′ state is the easiest to happen.
Interplay of conformational relaxation and hydrogen bond dynamics in the excited states of fluorescent Schiff base anions
Authors: Dasgupta Souradip , Chowdhury Arkaprava , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Datta Anindya
Published: November 2022

Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic investigation of four Schiff base anions.
Pressure effects on the anomalous thermal transport and anharmonic lattice dynamics of CsX (X = Cl, Br, and I)
Authors: Li Shasha , Zeng Zezhu , Pu Yong , Chen Yue
Published: November 2022

Despite the larger atomic mass of I, CsI exhibits higher lattice thermal conductivity than CsCI and CsBr at ambient conditions, while the lattice thermal conductivity of CsI becomes the lowest at −2 GPa.
Chemical recycling of bioplastics: technical opportunities to preserve chemical functionality as path towards a circular economy
Authors: Merchan Angel L. , Fischöder Thomas , Hee Johann , Lehnertz Marcus S. , Osterthun Ole , Pielsticker Stefan , Schleier Julia , Tiso Till , Blank Lars M. , Klankermayer Jürgen , Kneer Reinhold , Quicker Peter , Walther Grit , Palkovits Regina
Published: November 2022

We herein present a detailed overview of recycling techniques for common bioplastics including a detailed evaluation by life cycle assessment.
A 3D-printed microfluidic gradient generator with integrated photonic silicon sensors for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Authors: Heuer Christopher , Preuss John-Alexander , Buttkewitz Marc , Scheper Thomas , Segal Ester , Bahnemann Janina
Published: November 2022

A 3D-printed gradient generator for automated and expeditious on-chip antimicrobial susceptibility testing in a label-free manner is presented, paving the way towards clinical point-of-care applications.
Catalytic synthesis of seven-membered carbocycles via ring expansion of cyclic β-ketoesters
Authors: Chen Li , Huang Huangjiang , Luo Benlong , Liu Jinggong , Yang Shuang , Fang Xinqiang
Published: November 2022

This work reports a catalytic method that affords seven-membered carbon rings via expansion of β-ketoesters. This method tolerates alkynyl 1,2-diketones, common ynones, and alkynyl ketoesters, and affords the products with multiple functional groups.
Macroemulsion-mediated synthesis of fibrous ZnO microrods and their surface morphology contribution to the high photocatalytic degradation rate
Authors: Benu Didi Prasetyo , Andriani Amelia , Silmi Nadiatus , Steky Fry Voni , Failamani Fainan , Yuliarto Brian , Mukti Rino Rakhmata , Suendo Veinardi
Published: November 2022

Uniform fibrous ZnO microrods have high photocatalytic efficiency, high photocatalytic degradation rate, and high stability.
Hot off the press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: November 2022

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as chlorfortunone A fromChloranthus fortunei.
Broadband study and the discovery of pulsations from the Be/X-ray binary eRASSU J052914.9−662446 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Maitra C. , Kaltenbrunner D. , Haberl F. , Buckley D. A. H. , Monageng I. M. , Udalski A. , Carpano S. , Coley J. B. , Doroshenko V. , Ducci L. , Malacaria C. , König O. , Santangelo A. , Vasilopoulos G. , Wilms J.
Published: November 2022

Context.The Magellanic Clouds are our nearest star-forming galaxies. While the population of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud is relatively well studied, our knowledge about the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is far from complete given its large angular extent and the insufficient coverage with X-ray observations.

Aims.We conducted a search for new HMXBs in the LMC using data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma satellite.

Methods.After confirming the nature of eRASSU J052914.9−662446 as a hard X-ray source that is positionally coincident with an early-type star, we followed it up with optical spectroscopic observations from the South African Large Telescope (SALT) and a dedicatedNuSTARobservation.

Results.We study the broadband timing and spectral behaviour of the newly discovered HMXB eRASSU J052914.9−662446 through eROSITA,Swift, andNuSTARdata in X-rays and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) and SALT RSS data at the optical wavelength. We report the detection of a spin period at 1412 s and suggest that the orbital period of the system is ∼151 days. We thereby establish that eRASSU J052914.9−662446 is an accreting pulsar. Furthermore, through optical spectroscopic observations and the detection of Hαemission, the source is identified as a Be X-ray binary pulsar in the LMC. We also investigated the variability of the source in the optical and X-ray regime over the past decades and provide estimates of the possible magnetic field strength of the neutron star.
Study on UV Ferrous Activated Persulfate Degradation Conditions of Thiacloprid Pesticide Residues in Environmental Water
Authors: Liu Yueheng
Published: November 2022

In order to degrade thiacloprid pesticide residues in environmental water, a UV ferrous activated persulfate system was constructed. The effects of Fe2+ concentration, persulfate concentration, pH value and UV power on the degradation rate of thiacloprid were investigated through a single factor experiment. On this basis, a mathematical model between the influencing factors and the response value was established using response surface experiment. The model fitting results showed that predicted highest thiacloprid degradation rate of the model was 100% when the Fe2+ concentration was 0.340mmol/L, the persulfate concentration was 0.610mmol/L and the UV power was 45.81W. The validation test result (99.2%) was basically consistent with the predicted value, indicating that the response surface methodology was feasible for optimizing the degradation of thiacloprid in the UV ferrous activated persulfate system.
Mechanism and Clinical Application of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Xicheng
Published: November 2022

Tumor immunotherapy is currently a hot research topic in the field of oncology, and is an efficacious mode of tumor treatment. Programmed cell death receptor PD-1 (PD-1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule, which is mainly expressed in activated T and B cells. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can block the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1, block the negative regulatory signals, and restore the activity of T cells, thus enhancing the immune response.
Recent Advances in Total Synthesis of Strychnine (2017-2022)
Authors: Hua Yunkai
Published: November 2022

Known for the complexity of its structure, strychnine remains to be one of the challenging targets of total synthesis. Generations of chemists have contributed to the total synthesis of strychnine since Woodward’s groundbreaking synthesis. Today, new strategies and tactics are still emerging for the optimization of the route of strychnine synthesis. In this review, I discuss the documents about strychnine synthesis in the past five years with the aim of demonstrating the trend of the strategy and tactics of total synthesis.
The effect of dexmedetomidine compound nicardipine in transnasal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: November 2022

Objective: To compare the effect of dexmedetodeidine and nicardipine alone in transnasal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection, and to find a more suitable controlled antihypertensive regimen. Methods: 40 patients under elective general anesthesia (ASA grade I to I I) were randomly divided into nicardipine group (N group) and dexmedetomidine + nicardipine group (D 0 group), 2 N group). It was the same, before anesthesia initiation (T0), 10min after pumping nicardipine (T1), 20min after (T2), 30min later (T3), 10min after stopping pumping (T4), 20min after (T5), heart rate. Surgical field quality score, bleeding volume, propofol, remifentanil, and nicardipine dosage, respiratory recovery time, extubation time, and adverse effects were recorded. Results: At the 20min time (T4) time, the MAP value of DN group was significantly lower than that of N group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).At the three moments of 30min (T2), stop pumping (T3) and 20min (T4), the HR value of DN group was lower than group T, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Both DN and N achieved good surgical field, with no significant differences in anesthesia depth, operation time and bleeding time (P> 0.05); respiratory recovery time in DN was shorter than group N (P <0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of chills and agitation was higher in the group N than in the DN group, and the difference was statistical significant (P <0.05).Conclusion: separate application of nicardipine in transnasal endoscopic pituitary resection antihypertensive effect is positive, but dexmedetomidine compound nicardipine application in this operation, can reduce propofol, remifentanil anesthetic dosage, heart rate is more stable, also can reduce the incidence of postoperative chills, agitation, than separate application of nicotinate usual effect is better.
Advances in the study of heart attack markers
Authors: Xu Yankun , Zang Mingxun , Song Zhenyu , Kong Lingyuan , Zhang Weiping , Fei Tianyuan
Published: November 2022

Heart attacks are a highly prevalent and often life-threatening disease in modern society. Numerous studies have now shown that many biomarkers in blood have been identified as markers for the detection of heart attack and some are widely used in clinical practice, including protein-based and nucleic acid-based markers. With further research into the pathogenesis of heart attacks, new, simpler and earlier biomarkers have been identified. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the role of protein, nucleic acid and cytokine markers in the diagnosis of heart attack based on the pathogenesis of heart attack. It is expected that the discovery of markers based on heart attack will help in the clinical diagnosis of acute heart attack and provide some data to support the early detection and treatment of patients with sudden acute heart attack, thus improving the quality of life and long-term outcome of patients.
Analysis of the clinical efficacy of continuous slow and low-efficiency dialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal disease complicated with refractory heart failure and refractory hypertension
Authors: Guan Huai , Li Hongyu , Xiang Jilian , Yang Jun , Yang Gaixia , Yang Aiping
Published: November 2022

To study the Sustained Low Efficiency Dialysis (SLED) in the treatment of end-stage renal disease with refractory heart failure and the clinical curative effect of refractory hypertension. choose department of Nephrology, third People's Hospital of Gansu Province of 54 cases of end-stage renal disease with refractory heart failure. The patients with intractable hypertension were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 27 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Intermittent HemoDialysis (IHD), the observation group was treated with SLED for 2 weeks. The levels of Scr, mean arterial pressure (MAP), BUN, heart rate (HR), CRP, IL-1β, TNF-α, TP, Alb and Hb in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and Closer to normal. The continuous low-efficiency and slow approach is better than the intermittent approach for hemodialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal disease complicated by refractory heart failure and refractory hypertension, which has a better treatment and prognostic effect, and can be promoted in clinical treatment.
Neuronal membrane and Mechanisms Appeared on the Membrane Surface
Authors: Chen Xuanrui
Published: November 2022

Most mechanisms involved in neuronal maintenance and function are activated at the neuronal membrane. Membrane-related molecular agents, which interact in protein/lipid clusters to begin molecular processing and signal transduction, are required for these functions. Furthermore, many neuropathological disorders originate in this structure and/or are the result of membrane malfunction. Although the precise molecular mechanisms for maintaining "membrane health" are unknown in most cases, it appears that the effects of different lipids on the microstructural and stoichiometric properties of the membrane influence the behavior and association of proteins within the lipid environment, which determines the final cell response. This review is mainly focused on the function of neuronal membrane like substance exchange, cell signaling, etc.
Preparation of Polyacrylamide with Improved Tacticity and Low Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Jiang Jianguo , Chen Weifeng , Cheng Aimin , Guo Jin , Liu Yueshu
Published: November 2022

Polyacrylamide with improved tacticity and low molecular weight distribution was obtained via stereospecific atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using the mixture of Lewis acids Y(OTf)3 and AlCl3 in a certain ratio as stereospecific catalyst and chloroacetic acid/ Cu2O / N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine( TMEDA) as initiating system. The initiating system afforded persistently controlled ATRP of acrylamide with lower polydispersity index ranging from 1.12 to 1.35 as well as a moderate polymerization process. The participation of the mixture of Lewis acids Y(OTf)3 and AlCl3 as stereospecific catalyst in the stereospecific ATRP of acrylamide contributed optimal stereospecific PAM with the meso content 80%~83%. Polymerization kinetics displayed a living/controlled nature of the present polymerizations.
Fluorinate polyacrylic acid and its use as a potential adjuvant field
Authors: Bai Lu , Li Chengyu , Zhou Mengmeng , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhou Haijun , Zhang Fen , Li Xin , Li Yantao
Published: November 2022

This study describes a polymer potentially used as a vaccine adjuvant. We first synthesized a novel polyacrylic acid modified by perfluorinated butanol—a bioactive compound that is biocompatible. The main aim was to functionalize the polyacrylic acid by fluorine. This functionalization could offer a permanent graft by an esterification reaction. The chemical structure of the polymer has been characterized by the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H-NMR) and fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). Thermal analysis showed that the esterification reaction was successful on the polyacrylic acid. Viscosity testing showed that the viscosity of the sample aqueous solution increases along with esterification. The surface tension of the polymer was also tested. The results show that the surface tension of the polyacrylic acid markedly decreased when modified by fluorine. Finally, the interaction of these materials with macrophages was tested on cell test. Results showed that the modified polyacrylic acid performed better improve the activation effect than pure polyacrylic acid in 1L-1β.
Energy: from yesterday to tomorrow
Authors: Buchal Christoph
Published: November 2022

The extensive global changes and achievements of the Industrial Revolutions combined with the ever growing utilization of plentiful fossil energies are considered as a challenge for today —and even more so for tomorrow. After a short historical review of the technological developments and some remarks on climate, interesting changes of the paradigm of energy supply and usage are explained, including possible future developments. Some of the ideas and the consequences of the new analysis (“Net Zero 2050”) of the International Energy Agency are presented and discussed.
The “Energy Transition”: myth or reality?
Authors: Craig Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Rapid technological advances across a variety of industries are enabling society’s quest for sustainability. The resulting “Energy Transition” is causing an unprecedented shift in how the world’s population consumes energy and natural resources, driven by a range of factors including decarbonisation, economics, access to energy, societal expectations around environment and climate, energy eﬃciency, political and regulatory forces and emerging technologies. The “Energy Transition” will occur at diﬀerent speeds and shapes in diﬀerent geographies, depending on local economic and societal pressures. World energy demand is continuing to rise, mainly in the emerging economies of India, China and Africa, driven by population growth and economic development. Many countries are trying to do the “right thing” for their population and their economy and are not necessarily driven by a desire to “save the planet”. Maximising income to fund important social and education programmes is often higher in the priorities of some governments than reducing carbon emissions. The energy transition is not as simple as doing what is right for the planet. Governments, businesses and people in fossil fuel producing regions have shown that they will protect their economies despite the threat of environmental harm. The fossil fuel era will not be over soon. Despite the rapid growth in the use of renewable energy resources, in all reasonable scenarios there will still be a need for oil, gas and coal for the foreseeable future —if we are to meet the social and economic expectations of the world’s growing population. The energy mix will certainly change as we try to reduce carbon emissions, but the speed and magnitude of that change will depend heavily on national economic priorities, political will and public opinion. How fast can we realistically move towards a low carbon future and still meet the world’s growing demand for energy? What are the key constraints on the rate of change? —and what role will geoscientist play in driving and delivering the new energy solutions? The “Energy Transition” is a huge responsibility, but also a huge opportunity, one in which we all have our part to play.
A Nobel prize for Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger
Authors: Dalibard Jean , Gigan Sylvain
Published: November 2022

The Nobel committee announced on October 4th that Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger were awarded the Nobel prize “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science” [1]. In this article, we want to put the Nobel Prize in perspective, and replace the three laureates’ contribution in their historical context.