bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An inexpensive and easy-to-make customized antibiotics mix for mycobacterium culture
Authors: Kesarwani Ashwani , Nagpal Puja , Mishra Alaknanda , Zaidi Rana , Upadhyay Pramod
Published: April 2018

The cultivation of mycobacteria often requires the use of several antibiotics to limit the growth of other rapidly growing micro-flora present in the growth medium. This antibiotic cocktail is one of the most expensive reagents required for mycobacterium culture. Here we present a customized antibiotics mix that is easy to prepare at a fraction of the cost of the commercially available antibiotic mixture that protects against transient flora, which are normally present in lungs, without affecting mycobacterial colony number.
Role of CXCL13 in the formation of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Londoño Ana C. , Mora Carlos A.
Published: April 2018

Immunomodulatory therapies available for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) accomplish control and neutralization of peripheral immune cells involved in the activity of the disease cascade. However, their spectrum of action in the intrathecal space and brain tissue is limited, taking into consideration the persistence of oligoclonal bands and the variation of clones of lymphoid cells throughout the disease span. In animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a blockage of CXCL13 has resulted in modification of the disease course and it could work as a potential complementary therapeutic strategy in patients with MS in order to postpone disease progression. The development of therapeutic alternatives with ability to reduce the intrathecal inflammatory activity of the meningeal tertiary lymphoid organ to ameliorate neurodegeneration is mandatory.
Sleep and BMI: Do (Fitbit) bands aid?
Authors: McDonald Laura , Mehmud Faisal , Ramagopalan Sreeram V.
Published: April 2018

Recent studies have used mainstream consumer devices (Fitbit) to assess sleep objectively and test the well documented association between sleep and body mass index (BMI). In order to further investigate the applicability of Fitbit data for biomedical research across the globe, we analysed openly available Fitbit data from a largely Chinese population. We found that after adjusting for age, gender, race, and average number of steps taken per day, average hours of sleep per day was negatively associated with BMI (p=0.02), further demonstrating the significant potential for wearables in international scientific research.
A superhydrophobic cone to facilitate the xenomonitoring of filarial parasites, malaria, and trypanosomes using mosquito excreta/feces
Authors: Cook Darren A.N. , Pilotte Nils , Minetti Corrado , Williams Steven A. , Reimer Lisa J.
Published: April 2018

Background: Molecular xenomonitoring (MX), the testing of insect vectors for the presence of human pathogens, has the potential to provide a non-invasive and cost-effective method for monitoring the prevalence of disease within a community. Current MX methods require the capture and processing of large numbers of mosquitoes, particularly in areas of low endemicity, increasing the time, cost and labour required. Screening the excreta/feces (E/F) released from mosquitoes, rather than whole carcasses, improves the throughput by removing the need to discriminate vector species since non-vectors release ingested pathogens in E/F. It also enables larger numbers of mosquitoes to be processed per pool. However, this new screening approach requires a method of efficiently collecting E/F.

Methods: We developed a cone with a superhydrophobic surface to allow for the efficient collection of E/F. Using mosquitoes exposed to either Plasmodium falciparum, Brugia malayi or Trypanosoma brucei brucei, we tested the performance of the superhydrophobic cone alongside two other collection methods.

Results: All collection methods enabled the detection of DNA from the three parasites. Using the superhydrophobic cone to deposit E/F into a small tube provided the highest number of positive samples (16 out of 18) and facilitated detection of parasite DNA in E/F from individual mosquitoes. Further tests showed that following a simple washing step, the cone can be reused multiple times, further improving its cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions: Incorporating the superhydrophobic cone into mosquito traps or holding containers could provide a simple and efficient method for collecting E/F. Where this is not possible, swabbing the container or using the washing method facilitates the detection of the three parasites used in this study.
Preface
Authors: Uibu Krista , Palu Anu , Ugaste Aino , Timoštšuk Inge
Published: April 2018

Alusharidusel ja algõpetusel on suur mõju lapse arengule ning hilisematele saavutustele koolis. Praeguse erinumbri artiklites käsitlevad autorid selliseid valdkondlikke probleeme, mis ootavad edasilükkamatut lahendust mitte ainult teadusartiklite lehekülgedel, vaid ka tuumakaid otsuseid riiklikul tasandil, õpikeskkonna korralduses ja nende rakendamist igapäevases õpetamises. Mitme artikli autorid rõhutavad tervikkontseptsioonide loomise vajadust ja tuginevad teoreetilise vundamendi ladumisel kultuurilis-ajaloolise teooria rajaja Lev Võgotski ideedele lähima arengu väljast või sotsiaalse keskkonna mõjust laste kognitiivsete funktsioonide arengule. Artiklites tutvustatakse põhivoolust erinevaid uurimiskogemusi Brasiiliast ja Hiinast, juhtides lugeja tähelepanu teistsugustele keskkonna organiseerimise viisidele. Eestis tehtud empiirilistest uurimustest võetakse vaatluse alla õpetajate õpetamiskogemused, hinnangud oma teadmistele ja õpetajate tegevused lapsekeskse kasvatuse kontekstis. Samuti vaadeldakse õpetaja kohustust hinnata nii 3–4aastaste laste üldpädevusi kui ka alg- ja põhikooliõpilaste tekstimõistmisoskust ning mõtiskletakse selle üle, kuidas teha seda parimal viisil. Tervikkontseptsiooni loomine alushariduse ja algõpetuse muutmisel tagaks ka praktikute aktiivse osalemise selles protsessis.
A longitudinal introspective into the text comprehension tasks of national tests and exams of the Estonian language
Authors: Kärbla Triinu , Uibu Krista , Männamaa Mairi
Published: April 2018

Tekstimõistmise saab jaotada sõnasõnaliseks, järeldavaks ja hindavaks tasandiks, mis on üksteisega hierarhiliselt seotud. Info töötlemiseks kõrgeimal tasandil peab lugeja mõistma teksti ka teistel tasanditel. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada, kuivõrd sarnane on tekstimõistmisülesannete tasandilise jaotuse struktuur eri aastate eesti keele riiklikes taseme- ja eksamitöödes, ning teada saada, kuivõrd muutub tekstimõistmise eri tasandite ülesannete osakaal vanemates klassides. Selleks analüüsiti 2013.–2016. aasta 3. ja 6. klassi eesti keele tasemetööde ning 9. klassi eksamitööde tekstimõistmisülesandeid pikilõikeliselt (3. klassist 78 ülesannet, 6. klassist 67 ülesannet ja 9. klassist 87 ülesannet). Selgus, et sama klassi tööde tekstimõistmisülesannete tasandilise jaotuse struktuur oli aastati erinev ning eri aastatel keskenduti erinevate oskuste hindamisele. Samuti ilmnes, et kõikide aastate 3. klassi tasemetööd sisaldasid hindava tasandi ülesandeid, kuid need ülesanded puudusid 6. klassi tasemetöödest kahel aastal ja 9. klassi eksamitööst ühel aastal. Seevastu madalaima ehk sõnasõnalise tasandi ülesandeid oli kõige vähem kõikide aastate 3. klassi tasemetöödes. Kuna vanuse suurenedes paraneb õpilaste tekstimõistmine järeldaval ja hindaval tasandil, peaksid vanemate klasside taseme- ja eksamitööd sisaldama rohkem ülesandeid, mis arvestavad muutusega õpilaste tekstimõistmise arengus.
 Summary
Laste mäng ja kujutlusvõime
Authors: Maslov Kirill
Published: April 2018

Arvustatav raamat "Laste loovus ja kujutlusvõime. Mäng ja selle osa lapse psüühilises arengus" sisaldab kaht Lev Võgotski (1896–1934) artiklit. "Laste loovus ja kujutlusvõime" nägi ilmavalgust 1930. aastal, teine trükk alles 1967. aastal. Aasta varem ehk 1966 ilmus ajakirjas Voprosõ Psihologii Võgotski artikkel "Mäng ja selle osa lapse psüühilises arengus". Kuulsa vene psühholoogi teoreetiline käsitlus ei ole praegusajalgi oma tähtsust kaotanud: see on hea abivahend nii tudengitele, kes alles alustavad psühholoogia ja pedagoogika õppimist, kui ka kasvatajatele, kelle igapäevane töö ja tegevus on seotud laste mängulise aktiivsusega.
Terviklik teooria psüühika ja selle arengu kohta
Authors: Kõrgesaar Jaan
Published: April 2018

Tallinna ülikooli kultuuri- ja neuropsühholoogia professor Aaro Toomela on loonud psüühika (Minu Ise) tervikkäsitluse, mis on ilmunud kahes köites: "Kultuur, kõne ja Minu Ise" ning "Minu Ise areng: inimlapsest Inimeseks". Nendes argumenteeritakse inimese (teadvuse) erilisuse, selle kultuurilise tingituse ja kõnelise vahendatuse poolt. Erilisus puudutab teadaolevaid maiseid eluvorme, mistõttu on kõrvale jäetud tundmatu: tehisintellekt, mõistuslik elu universumis ja Looja. Raamatututvustuses antakse psüühika ja selle arengu teooriast köite kaupa põgus ülevaade, keskendudes mõistetele ja nende määratlustele. Tähelepanuta ei jää ka teoste vormistuslik ja keeleline külg.
Quality at the Source or at the End? Managing Supplier Quality Under Information Asymmetry
Authors: Nikoofal Mohammad E. , Gümüş Mehmet
Published: April 2018

Despite the many benefits of outsourcing, firms are still concerned about the lack of critical information regarding both the risk levels and actions of their suppliers, who are usually just a few links away. Usually, companies manage supply chain risks by deferring payments to suppliers until after the delivery has been made. Even though the deferred payment approach shunts the risk from the buyer to the supplier, recent supply chain failures suggest that it does not necessarily eliminate the risk completely. Hence, many companies offer incentives and conduct inspections of the actions taken at the source rather than waiting for the end delivery. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of such incentive and inspection mechanisms undertaken by manufacturers to manage the quality of suppliers who are “privately” aware of the risk of failure. By comparing the agency costs associated with each contractual setting, we characterize the value of output- and action-based incentive mechanisms from the perspective of the manufacturer. We find that employing action-based incentives is effective for the manufacturer, specifically when working with a supplier that faces high costs of production and quality improvement. However, if the manufacturer faces high inspection costs or a low degree of information asymmetry, employing an output-based contract that results in differentiated quality improvement efforts becomes more effective. Finally, we analyze the marginal value of the combined contracting strategy and characterize when it strictly dominates over output- and effort-based contracts.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0652 .
Antioxidative Properties and Cytotoxic Activity Against Colon Cancer Cell WiDr of Rhizopus Oryzae and Rhizopus Oligosporus-Fermented Black Rice Bran Extract
Authors: Zulfafamy Kristian Edo , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Budijanto Slamet
Published: April 2018

Black rice bran (BRB) was reported to have several bioactive compounds which can potentially as antioxidant and reduce the colon cancer incidence. Fermentation was reported to be able to increase bioavailability through deliberating the bioactive compounds from the cellular matrix. The aim of this study was to improve the bioavailability of BRB bioactive compounds which offer beneficial health properties as antiproliferative against colon cancer cell WiDr and confer antioxidant activity by fermentation. The study was conducted in 4 groups of different condition: non-fermented, the use of R. oryzae, R. oligosporus, and combination of R. oryzae + R. oligosporus for fermentation starter, respectively. BRB fermentation was conducted in 72 and 96 hours. Each of fermented BRB (FBRB) was then extracted by using 70% ethanol and methanol, respectively. Extracts derived from FBRB were evaluated for their availability of total phenolic content (TPC) by using total phenolic analysis, antioxidative activity by using DPPH and FRAP assay, and antiproliferative properties toward colon cancer WiDr by using MTT assay. The result of these studies showed that an increased amount of TPC of the ethanolic and methanolic extract of FBRB when compared to non-fermented BRB (NFBRB). Consequently, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant capacity of FBRB was higher than that of NFBRB. The antiproliferative activity of FBRB against colon cancer cells, WiDr, was also shown to be higher activity than that of NFBRB (As shown on IC50 extract). This results indicated that BRB could optimally increase its antioxidant and antiproliferative activity by fermentation.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification Counseling on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Singh Vikram , Kumar Jhingan Ashok , Dahiya Saurabh , Kumari Girija
Published: April 2018

This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle modification counseling using lifestyle intervention holistic model and its adherence towards glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This quasi-experimental prospective study was conducted among 224 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Delhi Diabetes Research Center, New Delhi. The study participants were allocated to lifestyle modification counseling group (intervention) and usual care (control) group based on receiving or not receiving lifestyle modification counseling using lifestyle intervention holistic model. Effect of counseling on glycemic control was assessed at baseline and follow up of both the groups at 3rd, 6th and 12th months after receiving lifestyle modification counseling. The collected data was analyzed for percentage, mean, median, standard deviation, chi-squared, t-test and Wilcoxon test. In this study, the lifestyle modification counseling proved to be effective and showed significant improvement in fasting blood sugar (175.5±32.3 to 144.7±17.6), postprandial blood sugar (275.5±61. to199.0±48.3), hemoglobin A1c by 9.3±1.5 to 8.4±1.3. Significant improvement was observed in diastolic blood pressure (82.6±7.0 to79.4±6.1) and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (47.3±10.5 to 58.8±5.6) from 3rd to 12th months follow up with significant p value 0.001 in the intervention group. The study showed good adherence to balanced diet, physical activity, and tobacco and alcohol cessation but less adherence was observed towards meditation for stress management, regular checkups, and medicine adherence. Lifestyle modification counseling is an effective, noninvasive approach towards glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Lifestyle intervention holistic model used in this counseling may be helpful for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to improve adherence and self-care behavior towards the management of their diabetes.
Measurement Needs of Food Security during Flood Disaster in Bera, Pahang
Authors: Atiqah Alias Nur , Md Nor Norazmir
Published: April 2018

Food preferences with dietary needs for an active and healthy life were achieved when there have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food in all time. It is also known as food security. It comprises of food utilization, food availability, food access and food stability. This paper studies the flood situation in Bera district area, Pahang by assessing the intensity of flood damages and its impacts on food security, which comes out with the measurement of needs of food security during the flood. A cross sectional study was performed on 100 samples of the population living in the affected area by using questionnaires adapted from Cambodia Post-Flood Relief and Recovery Survey 2012 and District and Community Questionnaire. These samples were selected randomly regardless of gender and age category. This study reveals that household composition and family income was affected the food composition in household food security. There is a significant effect on the number of meals and quantity of the food consumed which shows less than usual, in particular among the low-income family and more household composition in the family. Therefore, further studies on measurement of needs of food security during a disaster are required to find out better coping strategies of food insecurity faced by flood victims.
Proximate Composition, Total Amino Acids and Essential Mineral Elements of Some Cyprinid Fishes of Manipur, India
Authors: Romharsha Hawaibam , Sarojnalini Chungkham
Published: April 2018

Fish is an excellent irreplaceable source of animal protein, low fat and many vital micronutrients. The purpose of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition with special emphasis on the essential mineral contents of six cyprinid fish species (Cabdio ukhrulensis, Raiamas guttatus, Salmostoma sladoni, Schistura khugae, Systomus clavatus and Tor tor) of Manipur, India. Moisture, protein, lipid, ash and total amino acid (TAA) content were determined. Mineral content was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest moisture, total protein and TAA were recorded in the edible portion of T. tor (76.43±0.15%, 26.24±0.62% and 720.75±1.3 mg/100g respectively). The highest total lipid was recorded in S. sladoni (4.93±0.11%) and the ash content ranged from 7.87-14.13% is positively correlated with calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc content at the correlation co-efficiencies of 0.77, 0.63, 0.29 and 0.32 respectively. When comparing the mineral contents among the species, calcium ranges from 164.38 to 2298 mg/100g, magnesium from 58.10 to 310 mg/100g, sodium from 70 to 107.60 mg/100g, potassium from 24.92 to 137.50 mg/100g, manganese from 0.32 to 1.99 mg/100g, copper from 0.19 to 0.41 mg/100g, zinc from 0.17 to 3.47 mg/100g and iron from 7.91 to 38.04 mg/100g. According to Recommended Dietary Allowances, the species will made potential contribution of calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron in the health of human beings. This study shows diversity in essential mineral elements of the above fishes of Manipur.
Development of Non Dairy Milk Alternative Using Soymilk and Almond Milk
Authors: Kundu Preeti , Dhankhar Jyotika , Sharma Asha
Published: April 2018

Non dairy milk alternative represents the milk substitute for people suffering from milk intolerance and allergy. The present study was carried thus out to standardize the process for development of plant based milk alternative using soymilk and almond milk. Formulations for manufacture of soymilk and almond milk were optimized on the basis of their sensory as well as nutritional properties. Optimized milks were thereafter blended for the preparation of different non dairy milk alternatives in different ratios as T01 (soymilk), T02 (almond milk), T1 (60% soymilk + 40% almond milk), T2 (50% soymilk + 50% almond milk), T3 (40% soymilk + 60% almond milk) while cow milk (T0) served as control. The soymilk, almond milk and the blends of both were analysed for their proximate as well as sensory properties. Among the plant based milks, soymilk displayed higher moisture, pH and protein content while the values of total solids, titratable acidity, ash, fat, iron and calcium were higher for almond milk. Sensory score revealed that soy-almond milk blend prepared with 60% almond milk and 40% soymilk was recorded highest of all the milks analyzed. The selected milk blend (T3) though had lower sensory score than control but rated quite good in terms of acceptability. With regards to nutrient profile of milk blend in comparison to control, the results indicated that concentration of all the nutrients were higher in milk blend (T3) except for Ca & protein which were recorded higher in control. Therefore, based on nutrient and sensory profile, it can be implied that soy almond milk blend suits well as a candidate for use as non dairy milk alternative
Enzyme Application for Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Fried Potato Chips
Authors: Dange V.U. , Sakhale B.K. , Giri N.A.
Published: April 2018

Acrylamide is a carcinogenic compound formed in starchy food during heat processing. The application of L-asparaginase was found effective method to prevent acrylamide formation in fried potato chips. This enzyme efficiently catalyzes the conversion of amino acid L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid, which is not an acrylamide precursor. The acrylamide formation is considerably limited by the application of this enzyme in fried food products. The potato chips were prepared and treated with different concentrations of L-asparginase enzyme viz. 0.2 IU, 1.0 IU, 1.5 IU and 2.0 IU respectively. The treated chips along with the control sample were subjected to various physicochemical and sensory analysis in general and acryalmide content in particular. It was observed that the acrylamide formation was drastically reduced to 0.019 ppm in the chips treated with 2.0 IU enzyme concentration with better sensory quality characteristics as compared to untreated control chips in which acrylamide formation was 15.65 ppm.
Nutritional Status of Elderly in the Old Age Homes: A Study in Pune City
Authors: Vinod Khole Chaitra , Soletti Ashabanu
Published: April 2018

Nutrition is one of the key factors associated with the health and overall well being of every individual. Considering the elderly population which has increased on account of demographic transition, it has been observed that there has been a transition in terms of caregiving and living arrangement. One such arrangement which needs attention is the Old Age Homes (OAHs). Although there’s uniformity in institutional setting, heterogeneity in terms of social, economic, physical and psychosocial factors affect the dietary intake among the elderly population. Thus, it is important to question the nutrition status of the elderly in institutional setting. The main objective of this study was to assess the nutrition status among the elderly in OAHs in Pune city and compare their dietary intake with the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). A purposive sampling design framework with inclusion and exclusion criteria was used to identify the respondents for the study. A sample size of 131 elderly was assessed. The tool used for assessment included 24 hour dietary recall and anthropometry and analysed using SPSS. About 46 percent suffered from malnutrition in the form of under and overnutrition, 11.5 percent were underweight, 26.2 percent were overweight and the rest of them belonged to Grade I and Grade II obesity. The study indicated high prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly living in the OAHs. This indicates there is a need to promote healthy eating habits at an institution level.
Respirable Mercury Particulates and Other Chemical Constituents in Festival Aerosols in Delhi
Authors: Arora Anu , Kumari Anita , Kulshrestha Umesh
Published: April 2018

The display of fireworks emits a large amount of gaseous and particulate pollutants which accumulate in the atmosphere for a short period and have adverse effects on human health, and climate. Significant accumulation takes place due to episodic emissions of fireworks during special events such as New Year, Cricket match and Deepawali festivals etc. This study reports PM10 loads and chemical compounds during episodic emission of Deepawali by collecting aerosols samples during Pre-Deepawali period (Pre), on the day of Deepawali (D), and Post-Deepawali period (Post), in order to assess the change in chemical composition of air due to fireworks. PM10 aerosol samples were collected by using Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) at JNU in South Delhi. The samples were analyzed for chemical constituents such as Particulate Mercury (HgP) by using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) technique, Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) by using a thermal/optical analyzer and metal oxides by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). For the morphological characterization of particles Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used. The results showed that particulate mercury (HgP) and PM10 loadings were relatively higher in the samples collected on Deepawali day as compared to Pre- Deepawali and Post-Deepawali samples. The order of metal oxides was recorded as K>Al>S>Cl>Ca>Fe and Ba, Mg and Ti were present only on the day of Deepawali, indicating its contribution from fireworks. OC and EC showed a strong correlation with PM10 concentrations. A strong linkage of K with Al (r=0.92) and S (r=0.83), as well as of Fe with Ca (r=0.94) was observed during Deepawali festival week. Also, S showed its association with PM10 concentration suggesting its emission from combustion of sulphur containing raw material of fireworks. The study suggests that the firework emissions significantly affect air quality, increasing the possibility of respiratory illness.
TREND ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL USING NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS IN ALLUVIAL AQUIFERS OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Chandniha Surendra Kumar , Lohani A.K. , Nema A.K. , Krishan Gopal
Published: April 2018

In the present study, groundwater level trends have been evaluated using the non-parametric methods i.e., Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) and Sen’s slope estimator during the period 1998 to 2012 at 13 locations in 4 districts of Lucknow division namely Hardoi, Laxmipur, Lucknow and Sitapur of Uttar Pradesh, India. The entire trend analysis has been verified at a significance level of 5 percent. The groundwater level trend analysis has shown negative values for 7 locations covering 54 percent area and positive values for 6 locations covering 46 percent area in pre-monsoon season. However, in post monsoon season, 4 locations covering 31 percent area exhibited negative and 9 locations covering 69 percent area revealed positive trends. The difference in the water level trends in two different seasons may be attributed to the recharge by rainfall in post-monsoon season.
Assessment of Bacterial Pollution in Sediment of Padma River, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md. Ayenuddin , Jewel Md. Abu Sayed , Al Masud Abdulla , Rahman Md. Shahinur , Hasan Jakia
Published: April 2018

Padma is one of the largest rivers of Bangladesh, which has huge potential for fishery resources. Microbial pollution status of this riverine ecosystem has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out the bacterial pollution in sediment of this river. Four distinctive study locations were evaluated for three respective seasons in 2016. Enumeration of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and Vibrio cholerae were done by standard plate count technique from surface layer of sediment samples. Results revealed that all the samples were contaminated with THB, TC, FC and Vibrio cholerae with a range of 20.60×106±1.41 cfu/g (Site-2 Padma Garden) to 3.46×106±0.47 cfu/g (Site-4 Talaimari), 140.00×104±22.63 cfu/g (Site-2 Padma Garden) to 2.88×104±0.97 cfu/g (Site-1 T-Dam), 5.98×103±0.36 cfu/g (Site-2 Padma Garden) to 1.04×103±0.08 (Site-4 Talaimari) and 3.85×104±0.26 cfu/g (Site-3 I-Dam) to 0.91×104±0.07 cfu/g (Site-4 Talaimari), respectively. The bacterial density data had seasonality showing very high density during summer and winter seasons and the lowest in monsoon season. During the study period, it was observed that Site-2 (Padma Garden) and Site-3 (I-Dam) was comparatively more polluted with bacteria then other two sites. As per the criteria of sediment quality evaluation, the sediment of Padma River can be categorized as moderate to moderately high polluted with total heterotrophic bacteria, while very little polluted with fecal coliform bacteria. Therefore, the present study suggests a regular monitoring and assessment for reducing the bacterial load into the Padma River ecosystem through appropriate measures.
Pollution Load Index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya Drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad District
Authors: Yadav Arti , Kumar Yadav Pawan
Published: April 2018

Wastewater irrigation is practiced in outskirts of several cities of India. Enhanced growth and productivity of crops possess threat of heavy metal accumulation while irrigated with wastewater. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in soil flooded with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini region of Allahabad district, using parameter of contamination factor and pollution load index (PLI). Samples of soil were taken from the fields irrigated with wastewater and analyzed for heavy metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The maximum accumulation of heavy metal was observed for iron in soil. Heavy metal contamination is soil was assessed by estimation of contamination factor which was observed for Cu (0.7858), Fe (296.1864), Zn (0.4304), Pb (1.1661) and Ni (1.8912). Pollution load index (PLI) used for assessment of soil contamination and observed that maximum contamination (PLI, 74.31) was in water stressed conditions of summer. Heavy metals concentration in wastewater and accumulation in soil found within WHO limits in present study which may increase if unmanaged wastewater flooding continued.
Direct Application of Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Leaves Extract on Cotton Fabric: A Potential to Prevent UV Induced Skin Problems
Authors: Pargai Deepti , Jahan Shahnaz
Published: April 2018

UV radiation causes various skin problems starting from reddening of skin to the change in the shape of DNA which further leads to the skin cancer. Considering harmful effect of UV radiation present study was designed to develop an environmental friendly UV protective finish for cotton fabric using Vitis vinifera leaves. Process parameters of the study were optimized using response surface methodology for getting maximum UV protection while maintaining other physical properties of the fabric. It was found that 9.038 % concentration of extract with 60 minutes of exhaustion time at 40.909oC exhaustion temperature were selected as optimum conditions for application of Vitis vinifera extract on cotton fabric. It can be concluded that application of Vitis vinifera extract on cotton fabric incorporates UV protection properties on cotton fabric which can be helpful to prevent various UV induced skin problems.
Status of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) in Ghana
Authors: Andoh Collins , Gupta Sakshi , Khare Deepak
Published: April 2018

Potable water accessibility is an important criteria for improving health assessment of mankind. The demand for potable water in the world is growing fast compared to the growth in population.The increasing water demand globally has resulted into looking for alternative mechanism for water supply. Globally, harvesting of rainwater is classified as one of the best interventions to address water scarcity situations.In most of the developing countries including Ghana,rural communitie slack the accessibility to clean drinking water.This paper presents rainwater harvesting as analternative water supply system that needs to be adopted by the people of Ghanaand is based on literatures associated with rainwater harvesting obtained from various studies both locally and internationally.Thispaper has identifiedthe affordability and user ownership as the main factors influencing rainwater harvesting practices by rural communities in Ghana. Poor roofing materials,inappropriate harvesting facilities, housing occupancy,inaccurate land boundaries, qualityof water and uneven rainfall pattern have been outlined as the constraining bottlenecks to this practice. Measures to curtail have been discussed as well. Moreover, a simple affordable rapid sand filter needs to be evolved and incorporated into the system in Ghana.
A SEMÂNTICA: DA LIBERDADE DAS PALAVRAS NO LÉXICO E NO DISCURSO ÀS REGRAS NA GRAMÁTICA
Authors: CAETANO Marcelo Moraes
Published: April 2018

Este artigo parte da noção básica de que a Semântica é a ciência do sentido.Dessa forma, tudo o que disser respeito às maneiras pelas quais o ser humanose comunica, produzindo e recebendo sentido, deve ser contemplado por essaciência. Uma vez que a linguagem, atributo humano, produz comunicação pormeio das palavras, é necessário que esse mesmo mecanismo produtor estejasempre como foco das preocupações das análises semânticas. Sabemos queexistem aliados à palavra outros signos (nem sempre linguísticos, mas tambémsemióticos) que também merecem, portanto, atenção. Além disso, os estudosque levam em consideração a linguagem como ato ou ação (a Pragmática e ovalor que empresta à noção de “situação”) são de valor capital aos estudos daSemântica, uma vez que não se alcança a integridade do sentido sem que seencareçam essas contribuições. A natureza do discurso e do texto, formas muitopróximas e nem sempre com distinção discreta, deve também ser pesquisada,uma vez que a ideia de “contexto” é fundamental para a busca de sentidos. Porfim, as próprias noções gramaticais de morfologia e sintaxe, partes menoresdo texto e do discurso, fundamentam a produção e a recepção de sentidos,tornando-os suscetíveis de serem analisados à luz de regras (gramaticais) quepermitem que um idioma, expressão concreta da linguagem e da comunicaçãohumanas, se perfaça.
OS SENTIDOS DA VIAGEM EM DOIS TEXTOS DE ALEXANDRA DAVID-NÉEL
Authors: SOUSA Renato Venancio Henriques de
Published: April 2018

Nosso artigo tem por objetivo analisar os sentidos da viagem em dois textosda autora francesa Alexandra David-Néel (1868-1969), Mystiques et magiciensdu Tibet (1980) e Voyage d’une Parisienne à Lhassa (1964), e suas relações comas biografias escritas por Jean Chalon (1984) e Joëlle Désiré-Marchand (2012),bem como com ensaios sobre a narrativa de viagem. Na introdução, faremosum breve relato da vida movimentada da orientalista francesa. Em seguida,discorreremos sobre o relato de viagem como gênero literário apoiando-nosem diversos autores que se debruçaram sobre o assunto. Na terceira partede nosso artigo, analisaremos os dois textos que nos ocupam, privilegiandoalguns aspectos que evidenciam os sentidos da viagem dessa exploradora cujadivisa era «ou viajar, ou mofar» [ou partir, ou pourrir] (CHALON: 1993, p. 367) e que era denominada «a mulher das solas de vento» [la femme aux semelles de vent]. Depois de ter chegado a Lhassa, em 1924, que na época era um território dominado pelos ingleses, Alexandra David-Néel tornou-se uma celebridade nos meios literários com a publicação do livro que relata essa proeza.
Práticas ciberculturais e a autoria do professor: as redes de criação educativas no cotidiano da escola
Authors: Silva de Araujo Veloso Maristela Midlej , Bonilla Maria Helena Silveira
Published: April 2018

O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as práticas ciberculturais e a autoria do professor no cotidiano da escola. O estudo foi conduzido pela pesquisa-formação em diálogo com os estudos da cibercultura. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma Escola Estadual da Bahia. Neste trabalho, analisamos a rede da criação e o processo de autoria de uma professora praticante. Parte dos resultados alcançados revelaram que a autoria/criação do professor acontece em rede, na sua temporalidade específica e relacional, e que não basta fazer uso das tecnologias digitais; é preciso propor metodologias que desencadeiem a construção coletiva de conhecimentos. A autoria acontece quando o professor se abre para a inovação. Assim, a partir de atos autorizantes, se permite o exercício da autonomia ou, mais ainda, a ousadia tomada nos procedimentos da criação, de acordo com o contexto e as ocasiões que lhe são próprias. Como os saberes docentes para mediação em espaços híbridos de aprendizagem ainda estão em construção, constatamos que é preciso criar redes de colaboração na escola, não só formando os professores, mas formando concomitantemente alunos, coordenador pedagógico, funcionários. Além disso, é preciso, principalmente, que as escolas se abram para ajudas externas.
Resenha do livro Pesquisa-formação na Cibercultura
Authors: Maddalena Tania Lucía
Published: April 2018

Resenha do livro Pesquisa-formação na Cibercultura
Cultura da Avaliação e Contextos Digitais de Aprendizagem: O modelo PrACT
Authors: Amante Lúcia
Published: April 2018

Com os novos cenários de aprendizagem decorrentes do desenvolvimento tecnológico e em particular da Web 2.0, torna-se necessário repensar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e as práticas docentes, designadamente ao nível de estratégias de avaliação alinhadas com paradigmas mais recentes, onde novos conceitos e perspetivas dão lugar a uma nova cultura de avaliação. Esta nova perspetiva, opõe-se à “cultura psicométrica do teste” e tem por base o construtivismo social, encarando o estudante como um participante ativo que partilha a responsabilidade pelo processo de aprendizagem, que se envolve na avaliação que, por sua vez, deve assumir múltiplas e diversificadas formas. Que novos conceitos emergem nesta abordagem? Que modelos podem ancorar esta nova cultura de avaliação? Como desenhar um sistema de avaliação que garanta a qualidade desta nova abordagem? Como podem os novos media digitais contribuir para uma avaliação mais relevante? Partindo do trabalho empírico desenvolvido em pesquisas neste âmbito e do quadro conceptual do modelo PrACT (Praticabilidade, Consistência, Autenticidade e Transparência) (PEREIRA, OLIVEIRA & TINOCA, 2011; PEREIRA, OLIVEIRA & AMANTE, 2015) assume-se a cultura da avaliação como contraponto à cultura do teste e propõe-se uma abordagem edumétrica na análise da qualidade das novas formas de avaliação. Neste texto argumentamos sobre a importância de desenvolver e aplicar um quadro conceptual, com base no conceito de avaliação digital alternativa, que enquadre as práticas de avaliação e contribua para a sustentabilidade dessas práticas designadamente nos novos contextos de aprendizagem.
CONDIÇÕES DE ACESSO A INFORMAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DO POLO DE EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA DA UNIVERSIDADE ABERTA DO BRASIL
Authors: Vale Helena Cristina Pimentel do , Mercado Luis Paulo , Pimentel Fernando Silvio Cavalcante
Published: April 2018

O trabalho do bibliotecário e sua inserção na equipe multidisciplinar da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) ainda é pouco debatido no âmbito das Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior (IPES) participantes. Este artigo trata do bibliotecário no contexto do polo de Educação a Distância (EaD) da UAB. Resulta de pesquisa que investigou a existência de bibliotecas, de serviços de acesso a informação oferecidos aos estudantes dos polos da UAB e a presença do bibliotecário nos polos atuando em conformidade com a legislação, os Referenciais de Qualidade para o Ensino Superior a Distância (RQESD) e aos instrumentos de avaliação do Ministério da Educação (MEC). Identifica a oferta de serviços de acesso à informação oferecidos, pelas bibliotecas aos estudantes da UAB e conhece a atuação do bibliotecário nos polos da UAB. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas bibliotecas dos polos de EaD selecionados por amostragem a partir de informações fornecidas pelos Coordenadores de Polos, através de questionário disponibilizado online. Os resultados mostraram que as bibliotecas dos Polos da UAB, precisam se adequar ao modelo da EaD atualmente instituído no país para os cursos superiores a distância e pois não estão atendendo às necessidades dos estudantes da modalidade. Os resultados evidenciam que existe necessidade de instituir políticas públicas para garantir a implantação, manutenção e o funcionamento das bibliotecas em conformidade com a atual legislação. O estudo propõe sugestões de melhorias para adequar as bibliotecas dos polos às demandas dos estudantes dos cursos ofertados pela IPES. Propôs ações de caráter prático que possibilitem promover a melhoria das bibliotecas dos polos da UAB colaborando com os cursos existentes no Sistema UAB.
Os matizes do silêncio: o problema da anistia a torturadores entre 1979 e 1985
Authors: Moraes Luis Edmundo De Souza
Published: April 2018

Em 1985, vários eventos, dentre os quais a fundação do Grupo Tortura Nunca Mais do Rio de Janeiro, desafiaram intensamente o silêncio público envolvendo violações de direitos humanos e outros crimes do Estado cometidos durante a ditadura instalada em 1964. Por meio de evidências tiradas de um estudo de caso, o objetivo do presente artigo é o de entender esse silêncio que foi desafiado e denunciado em 1985. Considerando o problema da "anistia aos torturadores", pretendo argumentar que, entre a aprovação da Lei de Anistia em 1979 e 1985, o silêncio sobre os crimes de Estado cometidos durante a ditadura não foi apenas imposto por aqueles que representavam o projeto de anistia da ditadura, mas também consentido por uma fração significativa das oposições à Ditadura, mesmo por aqueles que, em algum momento, não se deixaram ser silenciados.Palavras-chave: Ditadura, Anistia a torturadores; Silêncio; Oposições.
Problematizando a experiência clínicopolítica da equipe clínico-grupal tortura nunca mais
Authors: Coimbra Cecilia Maria Bouças , De Abreu Ana Monteiro
Published: April 2018

Este texto é um efeito de encontros experimentados ao longo de 23 anos de existência da Equipe Clínico-Grupal Tortura Nunca Mais. Destacamos aqui algumas linhas ético-estético-políticas que atravessaram a experiência compartilhada pelas autoras. Elegemos duas questões-analisadoras que, a nosso ver, expressam o percurso da construção do trabalho de assistência médica-psicológica-fisioterápica a pessoas atingidas, direta ou indiretamente, pela violência do Estado: a inseparabilidade entre clínica e política e o risco de naturalização da figura da vítima. Nestas problematizações escolhemos um caminho, buscando intercessores, para pensarmos os dispositivos clínicopolíticos em funcionamento ao longo do percurso. Dentre muitos, destacamos Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari como autores que, em muito, nos ajudam a pensar o tempo presente. Nossa aposta segue na afirmação dos movimentos desejantes que ousam inventar continuamente a Vida e um Viver Singular e Autônomo.Palavras Chaves: processo de subjetivação; movimentos desejantes; vitimização; clínicapolítica
O governo das juventudes, o imperceptível e o estranho aos controles: as ocupações secundaristas no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Fernandes Maria Clara Alves de Barcellos
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo pensar as ocupações estudantis que ocorreram nas escolas estaduais do Rio de Janeiro em 2016 e trazer as condições de possibilidade que permitiram o seu surgimento e o que elas interrogam e detonam acerca do nosso presente. Para tanto, percorreu-se as análises históricas dos movimentos de ocupação escolar no Brasil e em outros países, além das manifestações ocorridas no país em 2013. Seguindo estas linhas, a partir do avanço e dos efeitos da sociedade de controle, é percebida a formação de uma subjetividade policial em que cada cidadão é levado a ser o delator e juiz de todo aquele que atrapalha o seu intento de fazer parte, de ser um vencedor na vida. No entanto, nos diz Deleuze, é ao nível de cada recusa que se faz com a decisão de não negociar com o poder, que se pode analisar as capturas e as resistência enunciadas pelos movimentos de ocupação.Palavras-Chave: Ocupações secundaristas; Governo das condutas; Subjetividade Policial
Cartas Impertinentes. Agonística de uma escrita sobre o intolerável
Authors: Baptista Luis Antonio Dos Santos
Published: April 2018

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The natural alpha angle of the femoral head-neck junction
Authors: Gollwitzer H. , Suren C. , Strüwind C. , Gottschling H. , Schröder M. , Gerdesmeyer L. , Prodinger P. M. , Burgkart R.
Published: April 2018

Aims

Asphericity of the femoral head-neck junction is common in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and usually quantified using the alpha angle on radiographs or MRI. The aim of this study was to determine the natural alpha angle in a large cohort of patients by continuous circumferential analysis with CT.

Methods

CT scans of 1312 femurs of 656 patients were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. There were 362 men and 294 women. Their mean age was 61.2 years (18 to 93). All scans had been performed for reasons other than hip disease. Digital circumferential analysis allowed continuous determination of the alpha angle around the entire head-neck junction. All statistical tests were conducted two-sided; a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean maximum alpha angle for the cohort was 59.0° (sd 9.4). The maximum was located anterosuperiorly at 01:36 on the clock face, with two additional maxima of asphericity at the posterior and inferior head-neck junction. The mean alpha angle was significantly larger in men (59.4°, sd 8.0) compared with women (53.5°, sd 7.4°; p = 0.0005), and in Caucasians (60.7°, sd 9.0°) compared with Africans (56.3°, sd 8.0; p = 0.007) and Asians (50.8°, sd 7.2; p = 0.0005). The alpha angle showed a weak positive correlation with age (p < 0.05). If measured at commonly used planes of the radially reconstructed CT or MRI, the alpha angle was largely underestimated; measurement at the 01:30 and 02:00 positions showed a mean underestimation of 4° and 6°, respectively.

Conclusion

This study provides important data on the normal alpha angle dependent on age, gender, and ethnic origin. The normal alpha angle in men is > 55°, and this should be borne in mind when making a diagnosis of cam-type morphology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:570–8.