bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining and predictive characterization of resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth) using two subsets of barley genetic resources
Authors: Amouzoune Mariam , Amri Ahmed , Benkirane Rachid , Kehel Zakaria , Al-Jaboobi Muamer , Moulakat Adil , Abderrazek Jilal , Rehman Sajid
Published: October 2021

Sustainable barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production will require access to diverse ex-situ conserved collections to develop varieties with high yields and capable of overcoming the challenges imposed by major abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed at searching efficient approaches for the identification of new sources of resistance to barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth). Two subsets, Generation Challenge Program Reference set (GCP) with 188 accessions and leaf rust subset constructed using the filtering approach of the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) with 86 accessions, were evaluated for the seedling as well as the adult plant stage resistance (APR) using two barley leaf rust (LR) isolates (ISO-SAT and ISO-MRC) and in four environments in Morocco, respectively. Both subsets yielded a high percent of accessions with a moderately resistant (MR) reaction to the two LR isolates at the seedling stage. For APR, more than 50% of the accessions showed resistant reactions in SAT2018 and GCH2018, while this rate was less than 20% in SAT2017 and SAT2019. Statistical analysis using chi-square test of independence revealed the dependency of LR reaction on subsets at the seedling (ISO-MRC), as well as at the APR (SAT2017 and SAT2018) stage. At seedling stage, the test of goodness of fit showed that GCP subset yielded higher percentages of resistant accessions than FIGS-LR in case of ISO-MRC isolate but the two subsets did not differ for ISO-SAT. At APR, FIGS approach performed better than GCP in yielding higher percentages of accessions in case of SAT2017 and SAT2018. Although some of the tested machine learning models had moderate to high accuracies, none of them was able to find a strong and significant relationship between the reaction to LR and the environmental conditions showing the needs for more fine tuning of approaches for efficient mining of genetic resources using machine learning.
Daily Life and Challenges Faced By Households With Permanent Childhood Developmental Disability in Rural Tanzania – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Castellani Joëlle , Kimbute Omari , Makasi Charles , Mrango Zakayo E. , Paulus Aggie T. G. , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Hardy Pip , Sumner Tony , Keiya Augusta , Mihaylova Borislava , Faiz Mohammad Abul , Gomes Melba
Published: October 2021

Severe developmental disability in children affects the life of the child and entire household. We conducted a qualitative study to understand how caregivers manage severe developmental disabilities in children in rural Africa. Families and six children (out of 15 children) who had serious permanent sequelae from a cerebral infection in Handeni, Tanzania, were contacted and invited to a workshop to recount their experience living with severe developmental disabilities. After consent, individual interviews were conducted first through recording of individual digital stories and then through individual semi-structured interviews. Pre-determined key categories were used to analyse the data. Our results showed that developmental disabilities required constant care and reduced the autonomy of the children. Schooling had not been attempted or was halted because of learning problems or inability to meet specialized school costs. Parents were under constant physical, emotional and financial stress. Their occupational earnings decreased. Some families sold their assets to survive. Others began to rely on relatives. Understanding the consequences of developmental disability helps to identify where social support should be focused and improved.
Trustworthy simulations and their epistemic hierarchy
Authors: Mättig Peter
Published: October 2021

We analyze the usage of computer simulation at the LHC and derive seven jointly necessary requirements for a simulation to be considered ’trustworthy’, such that it can be used as proxy for experiments. We show that these requirements can also be applied to systems without direct experimental access and discuss their validity for properties that have not yet been probed. While being necessary, these requirements are not sufficient. Such trustworthy simulations will be analyzed for the relative epistemic statuses of simulation and material measurements, from which we argue that claims of their parity are unfounded. Instead, using credibility as a measure for epistemic status, and in view of the temporal and epistemic dependence of simulation on material measurements, we argue that the latter have a higher epistemic status than the former. We further argue that suggestions to qualify the epistemic status by ’defocussing’ on the material connection to the target system of either human or natural experiments are misleading.
Decreased Astrocytic CCL2 Accounts for BAF-312 Effect on PBMCs Transendothelial Migration Through a Blood Brain Barrier in Vitro Model
Authors: Spampinato Simona F. , Merlo Sara , Costantino Giuseppe , Sano Yasuteru , Kanda Takashi , Sortino Maria Angela
Published: October 2021

Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a common event in several neurological diseases and in particular, in multiple sclerosis (MS), it contributes to the infiltration of the central nervous system by peripheral inflammatory cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive molecule with pleiotropic effects. Agonists of S1P receptors such as fingolimod and siponimod (BAF-312) are in clinical practice for MS and have been shown to preserve BBB function in inflammatory conditions. Using an in vitro BBB model of endothelial-astrocytes co-culture exposed to an inflammatory insult (tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ; T&I), we show that BAF-312 reduced the migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through the endothelial layer, only in the presence of astrocytes. This effect was accompanied by decreased expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. BAF-312 also reduced the activation of astrocytes, by controlling NF-kB and NLRP3 induction and preventing the increase of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokines. Reduction of CCL2 by BAF-312 may be responsible for the observed effects and, accordingly, addition of exogenous CCL2 was able to counteract BAF-312 effects and rescued T&I responses on PBMC migration, ICAM-1 expression and astrocyte activation. The present results further point out BAF-312 effects on BBB properties, suggesting also the key role of astrocytes in mediating drug effects on endothelial function.

Graphical abstract
The Lived Body and Embodied Instructional Practices in Maritime Basic Safety Training
Authors: Viktorelius Martin , Sellberg Charlott
Published: October 2021

This paper explores the role of the lived body in maritime professional training. By focusing on how instructors include students’ subjective experiencing bodies as an educational resource and context for directives and demonstrations, the study aims at informing training of professionals for survival in emergency situations onboard ships. Drawing on a mobile video ethnography and on phenomenological analyses of the presence/absence of the body in experience, the study illustrates how instructors direct students’ attention towards or away from their appearing corporal field depending on the stage of the training. The article documents three instructional practices incorporating students’ lived embodiment during training: coping with distress by foregrounding the lived body, backgrounding the lived body for outer-directed action and imagining others’embodied experiences. The study contributes to our understanding of intercorporeal practices in instructional interaction and guidance in simulation-based vocational training.
Situating Mindfulness, Part 2: Early Buddhist Soteriology
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu
Published: October 2021

As the second of three articles, the present essay continues to explore the character of selected aspects of early Buddhism in order to assess its potential relevance as a reference point for those engaged in research on mindfulness in psychology. The exploration, which proceeds in critical dialogue with suggestions made by Donald Lopez Jr. and Evan Thompson, covers the topics of the role of mindfulness as a means for progress to awakening, the path to and the realization of awakening, the implications of the doctrines of not self and of the four noble truths, and the centrality of meditation in early Buddhism. The proposed conclusion is that a deserved criticism of a tendency toward unbalanced presentations of Buddhist thought, so as to be palatable to Western preferences, has gone overboard in the opposite direction, resulting in inaccurate evaluations and exaggerated claims that call for a correction and a sober reassessment of the actual evidence. Such reassessment shows that there is considerable room for an open dialogue between contemporary psychology and Buddhist meditation practice traditions regarding their common ground in the aspiration to understand the workings of the mind with a view to alleviating unnecessary suffering.
Increasing Risk of Ecological Change to Major Rivers of the World With Global Warming
Authors: Thompson J. R. , Gosling S. N. , Zaherpour J. , Laizé C. L. R.
Published: October 2021

The hydrological characteristics of a river, including the magnitude and timing of high and low flows, are important determinants of its ecological functioning. Climate change will alter these characteristics, triggering ecological changes in river ecosystems. This study assesses risks of ecological change in 321 major river basins across the globe due to global warming relative to pre‐industrial conditions of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0°C. Risks associated with climate‐driven changes to high and low flows, relative to baseline (1980–2010; 0.6°C warming), are investigated using simulations from nine global hydrological models forced with climate projections from five global climate models, resulting in an ensemble of 14,445 baseline‐scenario members for each warming scenario (9 × 5 × 321). At the global‐scale, the likelihood of high risks of significant ecological change in both high and low flows increase with global warming: across all basins there is a medium‐high risk of change in high (low) flows in 21.4% (22.4%) of ensemble members for 1.0°C warming, increasing to 61.5% (63.2%) for 3.0°C. Risks are particularly pronounced for low flows at 3.0°C for many rivers in South America, southern Africa, Australia, southern Europe and central and eastern USA. Results suggest that boreal regions are least likely to see significant ecological change due to modified river flows but this may be partly the result of the exclusion of processes such as permafrost dynamics from most global hydrological models. The study highlights the ecological fragility and spatial heterogeneity of the risks that unmitigated climate change poses to global river ecosystems.
Structuring Climate Service Co‐Creation Using a Business Model Approach
Authors: Rubio‐Martin Adria , Mañez Costa María , Pulido‐Velazquez Manuel , Garcia‐Prats Alberto , Celliers Louis , Llario Ferran , Macian Javier
Published: October 2021

Climate services are tools or products that aim to support climate‐informed decision making for the adaptation to climate change. The market for climate services is dominated by public institutions, despite the efforts made by the European Commission to increase private enterprise in the market. The business model perspective has been proposed as a framework for enabling market growth through the development of appropriate business models for the provision of climate services. However, there is a lack of structured knowledge on how to approach climate service design and development from a business model standpoint. In this contribution, we first analyze the role of stakeholders in the design and development of climate services and identify opportunities for engaging users in the creation process. Afterward, we explain our approach to climate service design and development using a business model perspective. To illustrate the proposed approach, we describe the co‐creation of a climate service to support the adaptation to climate change of the urban water supply system in Valencia, Spain, and discuss the main findings and lessons learned from applying this approach.
Cool Oasis for Cretaceous Feathered Dinosaurs
Authors: Dzombak Becca
Published: October 2021

A new study found that the Jehol Biota had chilly temperatures and high altitudes when feathered dinosaurs roamed high-altitude slopes.
Fate of Warm Pacific Water in the Arctic Basin
Authors: Lin Peigen , Pickart Robert S. , Våge Kjetil , Li Jianqiang
Published: October 2021

Pacific Summer Water (PSW) plays a critical role in the ecosystem of the western Arctic Ocean, impacting sea‐ice melt and providing freshwater to the basin. Most of the water exits the Chukchi Sea shelf through Barrow Canyon, but the manner in which this occurs and the ultimate fate of the water remain uncertain. Using an extensive collection of historical hydrographic and velocity data, we demonstrate how the PSW outflow depends on different wind conditions, dictating whether the warm water progresses eastward or westward away from the canyon. The current carrying the water westward along the continental slope splits into different branches, influenced by the strength and extent of the Beaufort Gyre, while the eastward penetration of PSW along the shelfbreak is limited. Our results provide the first broad‐scale view of how PSW is transferred from the shelf to the basin, highlighting the role of winds, boundary currents, and eddy exchange.
The Influence of Ocean Coupling on Simulated and Projected Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in the HighResMIP–PRIMAVERA Simulations
Authors: Huang Huanping , Patricola Christina M. , Collins William D.
Published: October 2021

This study aims to quantify the impacts of atmosphere–ocean coupling on simulated and projected tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation globally. We used global climate model (GCM) simulations over 1950–2050 from the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) and compared its fully coupled atmosphere–ocean GCMs (AOGCMs) with atmosphere‐only GCMs (AGCMs). We find that ocean coupling generally leads to decreased TC precipitation over ocean and land. Large‐scale sea surface temperature (SST) biases are critical drivers of the precipitation difference, with secondary contributions from local TC–ocean feedbacks via SST cold wakes. The two driving factors, attributed to ocean coupling in the AOGCMs, influence TC precipitation in association with decreased TC intensity and specific humidity. The AOGCMs and AGCMs consistently project TC precipitation increases in 2015–2050 relative to 1950–2014 over ocean for all basins, and for landfalling TCs in the North Atlantic and western North Pacific.
The Role of Tuffs in Sealing Volcanic Conduits
Authors: Kanakiya Shreya , Adam Ludmila , Rowe Michael C. , Lindsay Jan M. , Esteban Lionel
Published: October 2021

Acid‐sulphate alteration commonly changes the physicochemical properties of volcanic conduits. Although several conduit pressurization models suggest hydrothermal sealing, little experimental evidence exists from conduit‐filling rocks on the development of such a seal. Here we show that acid‐sulphate alteration affects conduit‐filling lavas and tuffs differently, with implications for their role in sealing the conduit. In lavas, alteration creates fluid pathways and decreases rock stiffness by dissolving primary minerals. In contrast, in the inherently porous tuffs, alteration reduces fluid pathways and increases rock stiffness by precipitating secondary minerals. Compaction of tuffs under subsurface pressures together with such alteration‐related sealing can form low porosity and low permeability zones within the conduit. Such zones could promote fluid‐pressure build‐up and predispose the volcano to explosive eruptions. We discuss our results in the context of observed seismicity and ground deformation and suggest using our elastic properties data to constrain geophysical inversions of acid‐sulphate altered volcanic conduits.
Influence of Vertical Wind Shear on the Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclones Based on Satellite Observations
Authors: Sun Jingru , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Soden Brian J.
Published: October 2021

We here investigate the effects of tropical cyclone (TC)‐induced rainfall asymmetries driven by vertical wind shear on ocean salinity and temperature response to TCs using satellite and in situ observations. On average, TCs tend to initially freshen the ocean surface due to heavy rainfall and subsequently salinity from upwelling and vertical mixing, with strongest surface salinification on the right‐hand side of the Northern Hemisphere TCs. The direction of shear has been found to control the location of maximum TC rainfall, resulting in more freshwater accumulation on the right‐hand side of the right‐sheared storms. The accumulated freshwater strengthens salinity stratification and inhibits right‐side biased vertical mixing, reducing subsequent surface salinification by 0.15–0.3 psu and slightly suppressing the surface cooling by about 0.15°C, relative to left‐sheared storms. Thus, the directionality of shear can impact ocean‐TC coupling.
Micro‐Blocks in NE Asia Amalgamated Into the Unified Amuria Block by ∼300 Ma: First Paleomagnetic Evidence From the Songliao Block, NE China
Authors: Zhang Donghai , Huang Baochun , Meert Joseph G. , Zhao Guochun , Zhao Jie , Zhao Qian
Published: October 2021

Amuria formed in the late Paleozoic through amalgamation of the Mongolia and Songliao‐Jiamusi blocks in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The exact timing of the assembly is critical towards unraveling the Phanerozoic evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) and assembly of the Asian blocks in Pangea. Here, we report the first Permo‐Carboniferous paleomagnetic data from the Songliao‐Jiamusi block, aiming to constrain its relative paleoposition with respect to Mongolia. A stable characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) was isolated from 313–292 Ma volcanic‐sedimentary sequences of the Dashizhai Formation. The ChRM yields a primary record of the geomagnetic field with positive fold, reversal and paleosecular variation tests. Along with published paleomagnetic data and geological constraints, we proposed a new reconstruction for the CAOB at 300 Ma. Our model posits that the Songliao‐Jiamusi and Mongolia blocks were welded into the unified Amuria block situated along the northern side of the PAO (∼34°N). On the southern side of the PAO, the Xilinhot and North China blocks were situated at equatorial paleolatitudes and were not amalgamated with Amuria until 250 Ma. This finding provides new insights into Asian paleogeography and the reconstruction of the Pangea supercontinent.
Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Overhanging Riverbank Stability
Authors: Zhang Kaili , Gong Zheng , Zhao Kun , Wang Keyu , Pan Siqi , Coco Giovanni
Published: October 2021

Overhanging riverbank stability is a key feature of bank retreat. Although different mechanisms of bank collapse have been studied by many researchers, prediction of cantilever failure patterns and understanding of three‐dimensional failure surfaces continue to puzzle scientists. To address this problem, we conducted laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the stability of overhanging riverbank. In the laboratory experiments, we analyzed the characteristics of failure surface using a three‐dimensional laser scanner. Results show that with decreased ratio between bank height and near‐bank water depth, there is a transition from a ‘tensile failures followed by toppling failure’ pattern to a ‘shear failure’ pattern. Flow infiltration in our experiments leads to a sharp decrease in soil shear strength and consequently the occurrence of shear failure. For toppling failure, the observed upper retreat distance is much greater than the lower undermining depth, thus challenging the widely adopted assumption of a constant failure surface along the endpoint of the cantilever. Also, we found that failure surface distance can be characterized by twice the width of the overhanging block. As for the failure surface angle, a negative linear correlation is proposed with respect to bank retreat distance, implying a distinct distribution of bank stability along the arched‐shape bank line induced by bank collapse events. Overall, our study deepens understanding of overhanging stability, providing a new perspective on bank retreat process, critical for the morphodynamics of rivers and estuaries.
Glacial Catchment Erosion From Detrital Zircon (U‐Th)/He Thermochronology: Patagonian Andes
Authors: Falkowski S. , Ehlers T. A. , Madella A. , Glotzbach C. , Georgieva V. , Strecker M. R.
Published: October 2021

Alpine glacial erosion exerts a first‐order control on mountain topography and sediment production, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Observational data capable of testing glacial erosion and transport laws in glacial models are mostly lacking. New insights, however, can be gained from detrital tracer thermochronology. Detrital tracer thermochronology works on the premise that thermochronometer bedrock ages vary systematically with elevation, and that detrital downstream samples can be used to infer the source elevation sectors of sediments. We analyze six new detrital samples of different grain sizes (sand and pebbles) from glacial deposits and the modern river channel integrated with data from 18 previously analyzed bedrock samples from an elevation transect in the Leones Valley, Northern Patagonian Icefield, Chile (46.7°S). We present 622 new detrital zircon (U‐Th)/He (ZHe) single‐grain analyses and 22 new bedrock ZHe analyses for two of the bedrock samples to determine age reproducibility. Results suggest that glacial erosion was focused at and below the Last Glacial Maximum and neoglacial equilibrium line altitudes, supporting previous modeling studies. Furthermore, grain age distributions from different grain sizes (sand, pebbles) might indicate differences in erosion mechanisms, including mass movements at steep glacial valley walls. Finally, our results highlight complications and opportunities in assessing glacigenic environments, such as dynamics of sediment production, transport, transient storage, and final deposition, that arise from settings with large glacio‐fluvial catchments.
Effect of annealing on the interface formation in Mo/Be multilayer structures without/with a barrier layer
Authors: Gaisin Aidar U. , Karataev Andrei V. , Solomonov Anton V. , Pleshkov Roman S. , Chkhalo Nikolay I. , Filatova Elena O.
Published: October 2021

In the present paper, the formation of an interface region in the multilayer periodic Mo/Be structure with/without a B4C or Si barrier layer depending on the annealing conditions was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Tailored rigidity of W/O Pickering emulsions using diacylglycerol-based surface-active solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Li Guoyan , Lee Wan Jun , Tan Chin Ping , Lai Oi Ming , Wang Yong , Qiu Chaoying
Published: October 2021

W/O Pickering emulsion with tailored rigidity was obtained by using medium- and long chain DAG (MLCD) based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with or without the aid of other surfactants.
Rationalization of excited state energy transfer in D–π–A porphyrin sensitizers enhancing efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Krishna Jonnadula Venkata Suman , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Dzeba Iva , Challuri Vijay , Naim Waad , Sauvage Frédéric , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: October 2021

Donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) porphyrin based photo-sensitizers are extensively utilized in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Palladium supported on magnesium hydroxyl fluoride: an effective acid catalyst for the hydrogenation of imines and N-heterocycles
Authors: Kokane Reshma , Corre Yann , Kemnitz Erhard , Dongare Mohan K. , Agbossou-Niedercorn Francine , Michon Christophe , Umbarkar Shubhangi B.
Published: October 2021

Heterogeneous palladium catalysts were prepared for the effective hydrogenation of imines and N-heterocycles at low loadings without any acid additive.
A binary carbon@silica@carbon hydrophobic nanoreactor for highly efficient selective oxidation of aromatic alkanes
Authors: Xiang Ganghua , Zhang Lushuang , Chen Junnan , Zhang Bingsen , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2021

A Co/N co-doped binary carbon@silica@carbon hydrophobic nanoreactor with a hollow structure and Co–Nx active sites shows excellent performance in the selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone (the conversion of ethylbenzene is 96.9%).
A Catellani and retro-Diels–Alder strategy to access 1-amino phenanthrenes via ortho- and interannular C–H activation of 2-iodobiphenyls
Authors: Sun Mingjie , Chen Xinyang , Feng Zichao , Deng Guobo , Yang Yuan , Liang Yun
Published: October 2021

A palladium-catalyzed three-component domino reaction for the construction of 1-amino phenanthrene derivatives by ortho- and interannular C–H activation of 2-iodobiphenyls has been developed.
Synthesis of δ-phosphorothiolated alcohols by photoredox/copper catalyzed remote C(sp3)–H phosphorothiolation of N-alkoxypyridinium salts
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng , Shi Shanshan , Ma Qianru , Yang Yufei , Liu Yan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: October 2021

Incorporation of the (RO)2P(O)S group through unreactive C(sp3)–H phosphorothiolation remains a challenging area of research.
A MXene-modulated 3D crosslinking network of hierarchical flower-like MOF derivatives towards ultra-efficient microwave absorption properties
Authors: Wang Hui-Ya , Sun Xiao-bo , Wang Guang-Sheng
Published: October 2021

3D crosslinking networks were constructed through hierarchicalower–like Co MOF (or CoNi MOF) with 2D flexible MXene. Combined with the introduction of Ni ions, the MOF derivatives/MXene composites accomplish remarkable MA ability at a lower content.
An analogue memristor made of silk fibroin polymer
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Zhou Guangdong , Wang Yuchen , Sun Bai , Zhou Mengyuan , Fang Changxiang , Xu Cunyun , Dong Jun , Wang Feng , Duan Shukai , Song Qunliang
Published: October 2021

A novel protein-based polymer memristor is synthesized by a polymerization reaction using silk fibroin protein (SFP) and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate.
Self-recovering ultraviolet-sensitive photochromic naphthalenediimide-based coordination networks: rapid fluorescence recognition of p-substituted nitrobenzenes
Authors: You Zi-Xin , Zeng Guang , Bai Feng-Ying , Xing Yong-Heng
Published: October 2021

Three photochromic transition metal coordination networks are constructed by a naphthalenediimide derivative, and used as fluorescence recognizers towards p-substituted nitrobenzenes.
Turbine layout optimisation for large‐scale offshore wind farms–A grid‐based method
Authors: Taylor Peter , Yue Hong , Campos‐Gaona David , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo , Jia Chunjiang
Published: October 2021

This study presents a new turbine layout optimisation approach using a grid‐based problem formulation for improved design performance and computational efficiency for industrial‐scale applications. A particle swarm optimisation algorithm is employed in the wind turbine layout optimisation, in which a micro‐siting function is proposed to allow solutions 50 m of deviation while maximising energy capture without compromising maritime navigation or search and rescue operations. Solutions are assessed by a wind farm model, comprising the Larsen wake model, a multiple wake effect summation method, and a rotor‐effective wind speed calculation. A novel look‐up function is populated by on‐the‐fly algorithm and is used to reduce the number of model evaluations by approximately 95%. A gigawatt scale hypothetical site is presented to test the model on a realistically complex scenario. A set of design solutions generated by the algorithm are compared to empirical designs, with the algorithm outperforming the empirical solutions by 7.55% on average, in terms of net‐present‐value of energy capture minus the capital cost of turbines. The numerical efficiency and design effectiveness are examined and further improvements discussed.
Osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa para fraturas de clavícula
Authors: Devkota Pramod , Acharya Balakrishnan M. , Pradhan Nabees Man Singh , Shrestha Suman Kumar , Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Gyawali Bidur
Published: October 2021

Objetivo Analisar o resultado radiológico, clínico e funcional das fraturas da clavícula, tratadas pela técnica de osteossíntese com placa minimamente invasiva (MIPO).

Métodos De junho de 2018 a julho de 2019, um total de 17 casos de fraturas claviculares foram tratadas com a técnica de osteossíntese com placa minimamente invasiva (MIPO), sob fluoroscopia com o braço em C. Os resultados funcionais foram avaliados por meio do escore de Constant-Murley e pelo escore de incapacidade do braço, ombro e mão (DASH). Foram analisados os resultados clínicos de consolidação, complicações, tempo cirúrgico, permanência hospitalar e infecção.

Resultados O tempo médio de acompanhamento neste estudo foi de 10,41 ± 1,75 meses (variação, 8 a 14 meses). Havia 11 pacientes do sexo masculino e seis do feminino, com média de idade de 39,05 ± 10,76 anos (variação de 22 a 57 anos). Todas as fraturas se consolidaram no tempo médio de 15,35 ± 3,08 semanas (variação, 12 a 20 semanas). O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 98,11 ± 13,83 minutos (variação, 70 a 130), sendo a permanência hospitalar média de 4,7 ± 1,12 dias (variação de 3 a 7). O escore de Constant-Murley médio foi de 74,82 ± 6,36 no 4° mês e 92,35 ± 5,48 no 8° mês do pós-operatório, o que foi estatisticamente significativo. O escore DASH médio foi de 9,94 ± 1,55 no 4° mês e 5,29 ± 1,85 na 8ª semana do pós-operatório, também sendo estatisticamente significativo. Um paciente apresentou infecção cutânea superficial no local da incisão.

Conclusões A técnica MIPO é um método alternativo para a fixação de fraturas da clavícula, porém é tecnicamente mais desafiador, já que necessita de instalações cirúrgicas mais bem equipadas.
Low-Level Laser and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Reduce Peri-implantitis–related Microorganisms Grown In Vitro
Authors: Tonin Marcelo H. , Brites Fabiano C. , Mariano José R. , Freitas Karina M. S. , Ortiz Mariana A. L. , Salmeron Samira
Published: October 2021

Objective Currently, dental implants are a predictable treatment option for oral rehabilitation; however, complications such as peri-implant diseases are increasing every day. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the efficacy, in vitro, of two protocols against cultures of periodontal biofilm and Staphylococcus aureus.

Material and Methods Petri dishes for each of the following groups were used: control groups (C)—plates inoculated with periodontal biofilm (C.B; n = 4) or S. aureus (C.SA; n = 4) without any treatment; laser groups—plates inoculated with periodontal biofilm (low-level laser therapy [LLLT].B; n = 4) or S. aureus (LLLT.SA; n = 4) and treated with LLLT (660 nm, 30 mW, 50 J/cm2, and 47 seconds); antimicrobial photodynamic therapy groups (aPDT)—plates inoculated with periodontal biofilm (aPDT.B; n = 4) or S. aureus (aPDT.SA; n = 4) and treated with aPDT (red laser 660 nm, 30 mW, 50 J/cm2, 47 seconds + toluidine blue O (TBO) 100 µg/mL, and 1 minute). After treatments were performed, the contents of all plates were diluted and seeded for counting colony-forming units (CFUs).

Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s test, comparison of percentages, and independent t-tests with a 5% significance level.

Results Both treatments, LLLT and aPDT, significantly reduced the number of CFUs for the two types of culture, LLLT.B (3.69 × 106 ± 0.20), aPDT.B (2.79 × 106 ± 0.13), LLLT.SA (4.10 × 106 ± 0.12), and aPDT.SA (3.23 × 106 ± 0.10) when compared with control groups C.B (5.18 × 106 ± 0.43) and C.SA (5.81 × 106 ± 0.16; p = 0.000). When treatment groups were compared separately, there was also a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). None of the protocols were able to eliminate cultured microorganisms.

Conclusion The LLLT and aPDT protocols effectively reduced cultures of periodontal biofilm and S. aureus in vitro, with the superiority of aPDT.
Efeitos das células-tronco mesenquimais no tratamento da osteoartrite de joelho: Um relato de caso no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil
Authors: Schweich-Adami Laynna de Carvalho , Silva Roberto Antoniolli da , Baranoski Adrivanio , Kassuya Candida Aparecida Leite , Antoniolli-Silva Andréia Conceição Milan Brochado , Oliveira Rodrigo Juliano
Published: October 2021

A osteoartrite (OA) pode deixar o indivíduo incapacitado para realizar suas atividades da vida diária devido ao quadro álgico. Essa é uma importante questão de saúde pública que se agrava no mundo inteiro e no Brasil, uma vez que a população passa pelo processo de envelhecimento, e isso causa um aumento nos gastos públicos com o acompanhamento e manutenção dos tratamentos que podem perdurar por anos e mesmo assim não serem resolutivos. Assim, torna-se necessária a busca por terapias inovadoras e eficazes que possam reduzir esses custos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo relata a primeira aplicação de terapia celular com células-tronco mesenquimais do tecido adiposo no tratamento de OA refratária ao tratamento conservador realizada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Na avaliação, foram usados os instrumentos Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), os questionários de qualidade de vida Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) e Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), específicos para avaliação da OA, e fez-se uma análise do líquido sinovial (citocinas inflamatórias). A terapia celular melhorou as pontuações no WOMAC, SF-36, e EVA, e reduziu o processo inflamatório. Observou-se redução de 0,73 × do TNF, de 0,71 × da IL-1b, de 0,68 × da IL-8, e de 0,70 × da IL-10. Já para a IL-6, observou-se aumento de 1,48 ×. Portanto, considera-se este tipo de terapia celular promissora no auxílio do manejo desta doença, pois melhorou o quadro álgico do paciente, reduziu os marcadores inflamatórios, e possibilitou o retorno às atividades da vida diária, o que resultou em uma melhora de sua qualidade de vida.
Does the Addition of iPACK Block to Adductor Canal Block Provide Improved Analgesic Effect in Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jou-Hua , Ma Hsuan-Hsiao , Chou Te-Feng Arthur , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming
Published: October 2021

The interspace between popliteal artery and the capsule of posterior knee (iPACK) block was proposed in recent years to relieve posterior knee pain. Since adductor canal block (ACB) and iPACK involve different branches of the sensory nerves, it is theoretically feasible to combine iPACK block and ACB to relief pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aim to validate the efficacy of adding iPACK block to ACB in the setting of a multimodal pain management protocol following TKA. A comprehensive literature review on Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed was performed. Eight studies (N = 1,056) that compared the efficacy of iPACK block + ACB with ACB alone were included. Primary outcomes consisted of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at rest or during activity at various time points. Secondary outcomes include opioids consumption, walking distance, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Compared to ACB alone, VAS scores at rest (standardized mean difference [SMD]: –1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –2.05 to –0.30) and during activity (SMD: –0.26; 95% CI: –0.49 to –0.03) on the day of surgery were lower in the iPACK block + ACB group. However, the difference did not reach the minimal clinically important difference. Opioids consumption at postoperative 24 hours was lower in the iPACK + ACB group (SMD: –0.295; 95% CI: –0.543 to –0.048). VAS score on postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD2, opioids consumption from 24 to 48 hours, walking distance, and LOS were not different. In conclusion, the addition of iPACK block to ACB in a multimodal pain management protocol can effectively reduce opioids consumption in the early postoperative period. This is a level III, meta-analysis study.
Do Hospitals Need to Extend Telehealth Services? An Experimental Study of Different Telehealth Modalities during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Pouyan , Mirzaei Tala
Published: October 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has changed health care systems and clinical workflows in many countries, including the United States. This public health crisis has accelerated the transformation of health care delivery through the use of telehealth. Due to the coronavirus' severity and pathogenicity, telehealth services are considered the best platforms to meet suddenly increased patient care demands, reduce the transformation of the virus, and protect patients and health care workers. However, many hospitals, clinicians, and patients are not ready to switch to virtual care completely.

Objectives We designed six experiments to examine how people (as an actual beneficiary of telehealth) evaluate five telehealth encounters versus face-to-face visits.

Methods We used an online survey to collect data from 751 individuals (patients) in the United States.

Results Findings demonstrate that significant factors for evaluating five types of telehealth encounters are perceived convenience expected from telehealth encounters, perceived psychological risks associated with telehealth programs, and perceived attentive care services delivered by telehealth platforms. However, significant elements for comparing telehealth services with traditional face-to-face clinic visits are perceived cost-saving, perceived time-saving, perceived hygienic services, perceived technical errors, perceived information completeness, perceived communication barriers, perceived trust in medical care platforms' competency, and perceived privacy concerns.

Conclusion Although the in-person visit was reported as the most preferred care practice, there was no significant difference between people's willingness to use face-to-face visits versus virtual care. Nevertheless, before the widespread rollout of telehealth platforms, health care systems need to determine and address the challenges of implementing virtual care to improve patient engagement in telehealth services. This study also provides practical implications for health care providers to deploy telehealth effectively during the pandemic and postpandemic phases.
Alternatives to Knee Braces
Authors: Milner John , Hartnettt Davis , DeFroda Steven F.
Published: October 2021

Knee braces continue to be a widely utilized piece of medical equipment, ranging from simple over the counter sleeves to more complex functional braces, with the ability to provide electrical stimulation to muscle groups. Despite their popularity, alternatives to knee braces exist for patients who find braces to be ineffective, uncomfortable, cumbersome, or overly expensive. While high-quality studies are lacking for modalities such as neoprene sleeves, compression stockings, and kinesiotaping, there is promising evidence that these interventions can confer an element of stability and pain relief for a variety of knee pathologies both with regard to acute and chronic injuries as well as in the postoperative rehabilitation period. While no “holy grail” exists for the ideal brace, or bracing alternative, it is important for providers to be aware of the options available to patients as well as the current evidence for these various modalities, so that the provider can best guide musculoskeletal care.
A comparative investigation of the cooling effect of multi-layer arrangements of panels in a ground-mounted photovoltaic system
Authors: Zhou Chenyang , Sun Wenpei , Wang Min , Luo Jinping , Liu Lijun
Published: October 2021

The significant increase in the operating temperature of solar cells has a negative effect on the electrical efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. To maintain the high-power generation efficiency of the PV cells, cooling technology will be used in some PV power stations. However, common cooling technologies, such as water cooling and phase change material cooling, have the disadvantage of high costs and are unsuitable for large-scale applications in PV power stations. In this paper, a novel stair-stepping multi-layer arrangement for PV panels has been proposed to decrease the temperature of the PV panels. In contrast to the arrangement scheme of single-layer PV modules, the impact of the PV array arrangements on heat dissipation and power generation efficiency has been studied. The ground-mounted stand-alone PV modules have been investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulation. The results show that the triple-layer arrangement has better cooling performance. Under different wind speeds of 3 m/s, the triple-layer arrangement can reduce the temperature by more than 6 K, increase the photoelectric conversion efficiency by more than 0.5%, and increase the output power by 3%. The study demonstrates how novel multi-layer arrangements can enhance PV efficiency by improving the convective heat transfer of PV panels, providing a low-cost and effective alternative to PV power stations for heat dissipation.
Soliton Molecule and Breather-Soliton Molecule Structures for a General Sixth-Order Nonlinear Equation
Authors: Yin Kai-Hua , Cheng Xue-Ping , Lin Ji
Published: October 2021

Starting from a general sixth-order nonlinear wave equation, we present its multiple kink solutions, which are related to the famous Hirota form. We also investigate the restrictions on the coefficients of this wave equation for possessing multiple kink structures. By introducing the velocity resonance mechanism to the multiple kink solutions, we obtain the soliton molecule solution and the breather-soliton molecule solution of the sixth-order nonlinear wave equation with particular coefficients. The three-dimensional image and the density map of these soliton molecule solutions with certain choices of the involved free parameters are well exhibited. After matching the parametric restrictions of the sixth-order nonlinear wave equation for having three-kink solution with the coefficients of the integrable bidirectional Sawada–Kotera–Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbons (SKCDG) equation, the breather-soliton molecule solution for the bidirectional SKCDG equation is also illustrated.
PT Symmetry Induced Rings of Lasing Threshold Modes Embedded with Discrete Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Song Qianju , Dai Shiwei , Han Dezhuan , Zhang Z. Q. , Chan C. T. , Zi Jian
Published: October 2021

It is well known that spatial symmetry in a photonic crystal (PhC) slab is capable of creating bound states in the continuum (BICs), which can be characterized by topological charges of polarization vortices. Here, we show that when a PT-symmetric perturbation is introduced into the PhC slab, a new type of BICs (pt-BICs) will arise from each ordinary BIC together with the creation of rings of lasing threshold modes with pt-BICs embedded in these rings. Different from ordinary BICs, the Q-factor divergence rate of a pt-BIC is reduced and anisotropic in momentum space. Also, pt-BICs can even appear at off-high symmetry lines of the Brillouin zone. The pt-BICs also carry topological charges and can be created or annihilated with the total charge conserved. A unified picture on pt-BICs and the associated lasing threshold modes is given based on the temporal coupled mode theory. Our findings reveal the new physics arising from the interplay between PT symmetry and BIC in PhC slabs.
Chiral Anomaly-Enhanced Casimir Interaction between Weyl Semimetals
Authors: Rong Jia-Nan , Chen Liang , Chang Kai
Published: October 2021

We theoretically study the Casimir interaction between Weyl semimetals. When the distance a between semi-infinite Weyl semimetals is in the micrometer regime, the Casimir attraction can be enhanced by the chiral anomaly. The Casimir attraction depends sensitively on the relative orientations between the separations (
b

1,
b

2) of Weyl nodes in the Brillouin zone and show anisotropic behavior for the relative orientation of these separations (
b

1,
b

2) when they orient parallel to the interface. This anisotropy is quite larger than that in conventional birefringent materials. The Casimir force can be repulsive in the micrometer regime if the Weyl semimetal slabs are sufficiently thin and the direction of Weyl nodes separations (
b

1,
b

2) is perpendicular to the interface. The Casimir attraction between Weyl semimetal slabs decays slower than 1/a
4 when the Weyl nodes separations
b

1 and
b

2 are both parallel to the interface.
Ce-Site Dilution in the Ferromagnetic Kondo Lattice CeRh6Ge4
Authors: Xu Jia-Cheng , Su Hang , Kumar Rohit , Luo Shuai-Shuai , Nie Zhi-Yong , Wang An , Du Feng , Li Rui , Smidman Michael , Yuan Hui-Qiu
Published: October 2021

The heavy fermion ferromagnet CeRh6Ge4 is the first example of a clean stoichiometric system where the ferromagnetic transition can be continuously suppressed by hydrostatic pressure to a quantum critical point. In order to reveal the outcome when the magnetic lattice of CeRh6Ge4 is diluted with non-magnetic atoms, this study reports comprehensive measurements of the physical properties of both single crystal and polycrystalline samples of La
x
Ce1–x
Rh6Ge4. With increasing x, the Curie temperature decreases, and no transition is observed for x > 0.25, while the system evolves from exhibiting coherent Kondo lattice behaviors at low x to the Kondo impurity scenario at large x. Moreover, non-Fermi liquid behavior is observed over a wide doping range, which agrees well with the disordered Kondo model for 0.52 ≤ x ≤ 0.66, while strange metal behavior is revealed in the vicinity of x
c = 0.26.
Coexistence of Charge Order and Antiferromagnetic Order in an Extended Periodic Anderson Model
Authors: Li Yanting , Gao Bixia , Wang Qiyu , Zhang Juan , Chen Qiaoni
Published: October 2021

The competition between the RKKY interaction and the Kondo effect leads to a magnetic phase transition, which occurs ubiquitously in heavy fermion materials. However, there are more and more experimental evidences indicating that the valence fluctuation plays an essential role in the Ce- and Y-based compounds. We study an extended periodic Anderson model (EPAM) which includes the onsite Coulomb repulsion Ucf
between the localized electrons and conduction electrons. By employing the density matrix embedding theory, we investigate the EPAM in the symmetric case at half filling. By fixing the onsite Coulomb repulsion U of the localized electrons to an intermediate value, the interplay between the RKKY interaction, the Kondo effect and the Coulomb repulsion Ucf
brings rich physics. We find three different phases, the antiferromagnetic phase, the charge order phase and paramagnetic phase. When the hybridization strength V between the localized orbital and the conduction orbital is small, the Kondo effect is weak so that the AF phase and the CO phase are present. The phase transition between the two long-range ordered phase is of first order. We also find a coexistence region between the two phases. As V increases, the Kondo effect becomes stronger, and the paramagnetic phase appears between the other two phases.