bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peranan Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Kegiatan Pembelajaran Di MTS Sullamul Ulum Desa Sungai Gantang Kecamatan Kempas
Authors: Ferdinan Ferdinan , Siswanto Iwan , Sai'in Sai'in
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Peranan Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Keberasilan Kegitan Pembelajaran, populasi penelitian adalah kepala sekolah berjumlah 1 orang. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan antara lain perekam audio visual, lembaran pencatatan, Kisikisi wawancara. Data dianalisis secara reduksi data, display data, pemeriksaan simpulan akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peranan Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Keberasilan Kegitan Pembelajaran antara lain: Sebagai educator, manajer, leader/pemimpin, inovator. Adapun perannya sebagai supervisor telah berhasil meningkatkan profesionalisme guru dan tenaga kependidikan lainnya misalnya mengikutkan sertakan gurudalam kegiatan pelatihan-pelatihan. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan Kepada kepala madrasah sebaiknya lebih meningkatkan kinerjanya karena tugas dan posisi kepala madrasah sebagai penerima amanah dari masyarakat akan selalu dinilai oleh masyarakat. Kepada guru sebaiknya selalu meningkatkan profesionalismenya dalam peranya sebagai pendidik. Kepada siswa. Sebagai generasi penerus bangsa harus giat belajar dan memanfaatkan waktu untuk kegiatan yang positif.
Sosialisasi Investasi Syariah di Masyarakat
Authors: Lisa Hendro , Napratilora Martina
Published: August 2020

Perkembangan pasar modal syariah, salah satunya didukung oleh peranan berbagai pihak terutama dalam melakukan sosialisasi dan edukasi. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi peran sosialisasi dan edukasi terhadap minat investasi di pasar modal syariah. Data-data yang digunakan dalam penyusunan karya tulis ini berasal dari berbagai literatur kepustakaan yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang dibahas. Jenis data yang diperoleh variatif, baik yang bersifat kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Metode penulisan bersifat studi pustaka.
Peranan Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam di Tengah Kebhinekaan dalam Menumbuhkan Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa Menghadapi MEA
Authors: Yudhyarta Deddy Yusuf
Published: August 2020

Mahasiswa merupakan aset dan harapan masa depan bangsa. Kemampuan berfikir dan belajar diharapkan dapat menjadi penggerak yang dinamis dalam pembangunan, mampu menemukan solusi yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah kebhinekaan, turut andi lmengatasi masalah pengangguran. Namun, data pengangguran terdidik diIndonesia menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi pendidikan seseorang, semakin rendah kemandirian dan semangat kewirausahaan. Peranan Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam dituntut menyiapkan mahasiswa agar menjadi lulusan yang mampu bersaing. Upaya penyiapan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi MEA dapat dilakukan melalui jalur akademik dan nonakademik. Bersinergi dan berkesinambungan agar memiliki karakter yang mampu menjadikannya bersaing, inisiatif, integritas, komitmen, kreatif, mandiri, manajemen diri, dan kerjasama.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Pedagogik terhadap Kinerja Mengajar Guru Ekonomi di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 039 Tembilahan Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
Authors: Selviani Selviani , Siagian Seri Yanti
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik terhadap kinerja mengajar guru ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 039 Tembilahan Kecamatan Tembilahan Hulu Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru mata pelajaran ekonomi dan siswa kelas XI IPS. Objek penelitian ini adalah pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik terhadap kinerja mengajar guru ekonomi. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPS yang berjumlah 88 siswa. tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Tekhnik analisis yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh nilai rtabel < rhitung pada taraf signifikan 1% dan 5% (0,270 < 0,350 > 0,207) yang berarti bahwa terdapat pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik terhadapkinerja mengajar guru ekonomi. Besarnya persentase pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik terhadap kinerja mengajar guru ekonomi sebesar 12,2%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 87,8% dipengaruhi oleh variable lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam pada Fase Pertama
Authors: Wati Fahrina Yustiasari Liri , Rafai HA Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Perkembangan Ekonomi Islam menjadi sesuatu yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari perkembangan sejarah Islam. Mengapa saat ini perkembangan pemikiran Ekonomi Islam, yang mana 6 abad yang lalu pernah menjadi kiblat pengetahuan dunia, kurang dikenal dan berpengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat? Hal ini dikarenakan kajian-kajian pemikiran Ekonomi Islam kurang tereksplorasi di tengah maraknya dominasi ilmu pengetahuan konvensional (Barat) sejak runtuhnya kekhalifahan Islam di Turki lebih dari 8 dasawarsa yang lalu. Akibatnya, perkembangan Ekonomi Islam yang telah ada sejak tahun 600M kurang begitu dikenal masyarakat. Ekonomi Islam kurang mendapat perhatian yang baik, sebab masyarakat tidak mendapatkan informasi yang memadai. Selanjutnya kebijakan-kebijakan Rasulullah saw menjadi pedoman oleh para penggantinya para khulafaurrasyidin dan para tokoh pasca khulafaurrasyidin dalam memutuskan masalah-masalah ekonomi. diantaranya yaitu: Zaid bin Ali (80-120H./699-738M). Zayd adalah pengagas awal penjualan suatu komoditi secara kredit dengan harga yang lebih tinggi dari harga tunai.  Abu Hanifah (80-150H/699-767M).  Abu Hanifah lebih dikenal sebagai imam madzhab hukum yang sangat rasionlistis dan pedagang dari Kufah, Iraq. Ia menggagas keabsahan dan kesahihan hukum kontrak jual beli dengan apa yang dikenal dewasa ini dengan bay’ al-sala`m   dan al-mura`bahah.
AZ IDŐSKOR JOBB MEGÉLÉSE TUDATOS DÖNTÉSEINKEN MÚLIK
Authors: Szanyi Mária
Published: August 2020

A szerző kiscsoportos testi- és - szükség esetén-lelki foglalkozásokkal segíti megmutatni azutat az időskor minél további jobb megéléséért, és az egészség fenntartásáért.
Transparansi Partai Politik dalam Rekrutmen Calon Legislatif
Authors: Nendissa Reny Heronia , Rahakbauw Claudio Patrick I
Published: August 2020

The development of democracy, the role and function of political lebih parties is more complete. This is due to the large expectations that are developing, so the function and role of the party will increase. However, the pattern of recruitment of candidates who do not consider the requirements to gain the votes of political parties. Based on the aforementioned background, the problem to be studied is the regulating the recruitment patterns of legislative candidates by political parties. The research method used in this discussion is normative juridical research using a research proposal-law (statute approach) and accessing concepts (conceptual approach). there is a legislative candidate who can be moved freely to another party and only joins when he will be nominated as a candidate by setting aside the old conditions as cadres approved by the party. Through this agreement, it was agreed that political parties could be emphasized by the principle of their parties to select candidates through clear and transparent recruitment patterns
Integritás és a Kincstár működése
Authors: Vargha Éva
Published: August 2020

A közigazgatás egyik aktuális területe az integritás, integritásmenedzsment. A tanulmány célja a közigazgatási szervek integritásának, integritás-menedzsmentjének bemutatása, a Kincstár működésének rövid összefoglalása, valamint a Kincstár megítélésére vonatkozó empirikus kutatás ismertetése, melynek keretében a lakossági percepciók és tapasztalatok kerülnek részletezésre az ügyfél-elégedettség növelésének lehetőségeivel. A tanulmány további intenciója, hogy felhívja a figyelmet az ügyfél-elégedettség és ügyfélélmény fontosságára a közigazgatás területén.
Gestão de processos de comunicação em instituições federais de ensino superior: um estudo de campo na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Authors: Chiapinotto Spiazzi Sendi Chiapinotto , Flores Battistella Luciana
Published: August 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo propor melhorias nos processos de comunicação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Como referencial teórico, são utilizadas as perspectivas da comunicação pública apresentadas por Brandão (2012): Comunicação Organizacional; Comunicação Científica; Comunicação do Estado e/ou Governamental.  Além disso, a gestão por processos é trabalhada sob a ótica da ABPMP (2009), a notação BPMN e as técnicas de identificação de necessidades de melhorias em processos 5W2H, Método de Análise e Solução de Problemas (MASP) e benchmarking. Como opção metodológica, utilizam-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de campo, com análise documental, pesquisa participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e checklist. Os resultados apontam a possibilidade de informatização do processo de atualização do site/portal da Universidade e a proposta de algumas melhorias como: construção de um Guia de Produção de Conteúdo; treinamentos e reuniões de pauta periódicas, campanhas de valorização da comunicação pública e de popularização da ciência.
A aplicação do método Lume no estudo do trabalho de mulheres agroextrativistas em agroecossistemas amazônicos
Authors: Felizardo Alciene Oliveira , Azevedo Hueliton Pereira
Published: August 2020

O artigo trata da avaliação do Lume como um método de investigação que permita considerar as relações de gênero nos agroecossistemas. Para avaliar o método foi realizado um estudo de caso em um agroecossistema em Abaetetuba, no Pará. Verificou-se que a riqueza produzida pela mulher foi maior que a riqueza produzida por todos os homens da família e que a jornada de trabalho da mulher é maior que a soma do tempo total de trabalho realizado pelos homens. O trabalho da mulher está distribuído em diferentes esferas da vida social pois ela envolve-se com a pluriatividade, o trabalho doméstico e de cuidados e a participação social. O método é capaz de tornar visível a relevância econômica do trabalho da mulher e seu envolvimento em várias esferas da vida social no contexto dos agroecossistemas amazônicos.
Clostridium difficile
infection in an academic medical center in Saudi Arabia: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Alalawi Mai , Aljahdali Seba , Alharbi Bashaer , Fagih Lana , Fatani Raghad , Aljuhani Ohoud
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Clostridium difficile
infection is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in healthcare facilities. More studies are needed to identify patients at high risk of
C difficile
infection in our community.

OBJECTIVES:

Estimate the prevalence of
C difficile
infection among adult patients and evaluate the risk factors associated with infection.

DESIGN:

Retrospective record review.

SETTING:

Tertiary academic medical center in Jeddah.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Eligible patients were adults (≥18 years old) with confirmed
C difficile
diagnosis between January 2013 and May 2018.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Prevalence rate and types of risk factors.

SAMPLE SIZE:

Of 1886 records, 129 patients had positive lab results and met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of
C difficile
infection in our center over five years was 6.8%. The mean (SD) age was 56 (18) years, and infection was more prevalent in men (53.5%) than in women (46.5%). The most common risk factors were use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and broad-spectrum antibiotics. The overlapping exposure of both PPIs and broad-spectrum antibiotics was 56.6%. There was no statistically significant difference between the type of PPI (
P
=.254) or antibiotic (
P
=.789) and the onset of
C difficile
infection.

CONCLUSION:

The overall
C difficile
infection prevalence in our population was low compared to Western countries. The majority of the patients who developed
C difficile
infection were using PPIs and/or antibiotics. No differences were observed in the type of antibiotic or PPI and the onset of
C difficile
infection development. Appropriate prescribing protocols for PPIs and antibiotics in acute settings are needed.

LIMITATIONS:

Single center and retrospective design.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
An Introduction to the System of Appeals in Iran, Egypt and France
Authors: Maghsoudpour Rasoul , Tamam Malihe Yavari
Published: August 2020

The present study aims at exploring the system of appeals in Iran, Egypt and France in order to gain a better understanding of those systems. Firstly, the French legal system is explored. The organization of the French courts consists of the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and The Cour de Cassation. Under the French legal system, there are a few specific rules concerning appeal from judgment and appeal from other factors. Secondly, the Egyptian legal system as a codified law system was considered. It consists of three courts of First, Instance and Cassation. In fact, the Egyptian court of Appeal reconsiders felony cases. In general, the Egyptian Courts of appeal include eight courts and each court is independent and hears specific kinds of Claims such as economical and criminal matters. Thirdly, Iranian appeal system such as its deadline, effects and types is examined.
Pädagogische Psychologie im Sportunterricht
Authors: Gerber Markus
Published: August 2020

Die Sportpädagogik und -psychologie gehören im Fach Sportwissenschaft zu den zentralen Lehrbereichen. Während die Sportpsychologie ihren Fokus auf psychologische Aspekte des Leistungs-, Freizeit- und Gesundheitssports richtet, steht in der Sportpädagogik die Beziehung zwischen Sport und Erziehung im Vordergrund. Häufig wird die psychologische Seite der Erziehung dabei nur bruchstückhaft beleuchtet. Dieses Buch schließt diese Lücke, indem systematisch Einblicke in psychologische Prozesse geboten werden, die das Lernen und Leisten von Schülern im Sportunterricht beeinflussen. Das Lehrbuch richtet sich an (zukünftige) Sportlehrpersonen. Es eignet sich aber auch für Personen, die aus Eigeninitiative mehr über die psychologischen Prozesse erfahren möchten, die sich in Erziehungssituationen im Sport abspielen (also auch Trainer, Betreuer und Eltern). Aufbauend auf der Frage, was Schüler zum Sporttreiben motiviert, werden Überlegungen angestellt, wie der Unterricht möglichst optimal gestaltet werden kann, um bei Jungen und Mädchen oder leistungsstarken und -schwachen Heranwachsenden gleichermaßen zum Aufbau eines aktiven körperlich Lebensstils und zur Entwicklung ihrer Persönlichkeit beizutragen.
Morphological versus molecular delimitation of ciliate species: a case study of the family Clevelandellidae (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea)
Authors: Pecina Lukáš , Vďačný Peter
Published: August 2020

The endozoic ciliates of the family Clevelandellidae Kidder, 1938 typically inhabit the hindgut of wood-feeding panesthiine cockroaches. To assess the consistency of species delimitation in clevelandellids, we tested the utility of three sources of taxonomic data: morphometric measurements, cell geometrical information, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The morphometric and geometrical data delimited the clevelandellid morphospecies consistently and unambiguously. However, only Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder, 1937 represented a homogenous taxon in both morphological and molecular analyses; the morphospecies Clevelandella constricta (Kidder, 1937) and C. hastula (Kidder, 1937) contained two or three distinct, more or less closely related genotypes each; and the genetic homogeneity of the morphospecies C. panesthiae (Kidder, 1937) and C. parapanesthiae (Kidder, 1937) was not corroborated by the 18S rRNA gene sequences at all. Moreover, the 18S rRNA gene phylogenies suggested the C. panesthiae-like morphotype to be the ancestral phenotype from which all other clevelandellid morphotypes arose. The only exception was the C. constricta-like morphotype, which very likely branched off before the diversification of the C. panesthiae-like progenitor. The present molecular analyses also suggested that a huge proportion of the clevelandellid diversity still waits to be discovered, since examination of only four panesthiine populations revealed 10 distinct clevelandellid genotypes/molecular species.
BGR MACROHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS OF ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE WITH THIADIAZOL FRAGMENTS. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES
Authors: Berezina Galina R. , Medvedeva Margarita N.
Published: August 2020

This communication is a continuation of the systematic research of the authors in the field of synthesis and study of the properties of macroheterocyclic compounds. The great potential for structural modification allows us to synthesize macroheterocyclic compounds that differ in composition and the nature of the heteroatoms that make up them and make this class of compounds promising from the point of view of the design for the preparation of substances with valuable practical properties. The interaction of N,N/-bis-(1-imino-2-phenyl-1H-indene-3-iliden)-1,4-phenylenediamine with 2,5-dimiano-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole the macroheterocyclic compounds of asymmetric structure were synthesized in the molar ratio of the initial substances. Macroheterocycles are powdered substances with different shades of red color, having melting and crystallization temperatures (investigated in the argon current), soluble in chloroform, DMF, acetone, ethanol. Purification was carried out by column chromatography on aluminum oxide of II degree of activity on Brockman (eluent acetone - chloroform, 1:9 by volume). Identification of synthesis products was performed by thin-layer chromatography on Silufol UV-254 plates (eluent – acetone - chloroform, 1:1 by volume). The obtained compounds were characterized by infrared and electron spectroscopy. The electronic absorption spectra were measured on a Hitachi U-2010 instrument in quartz cuvettes at 20 °C. IR spectra were obtained on the Avatar 360 FT-IR ESP device in KVG. Elemental analysis data were obtained using the CHNS-O Analyzer FlashEA of 1112 Series.  A bathochromic shift of the absorption bands was noted when the compound with 1,3,4-thiadiazole was closed in a cycle. The spectral characteristics indicate that the molecules of the synthesized compounds do not have a flat structure and the absorption is due to individual fragments that are part of the molecules of the synthesized structures.
ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC DYES ON METALLURGICAL SLAG OF Fe-Ni ALLOY PRODUCTION
Authors: Khobotova Elina B. , Hraivoronska Inna V. , Ihnatenko Marina I. , Kaliuzhna Iuliya S.
Published: August 2020

The optimal parameters of organic dyes adsorption on the metallurgical slag of the Fe-Ni alloy production of the Pobuzhsky Ferronickel Plant, Ukraine: pH, the mass ratio “dye: slag adsorbent”, the type of chemical activation depending on the mode of the adsorption process were determined. Sorption of organic dyes (methylene blue MB, Congo red and methyl violet MV) by slag was studied spectrophotometrically. It is shown that after acid and alkaline activation the surface adsorption centers are formed on the surface of the slag: hydroxyl and silanol groups, whose dissociation causes a negative charge of the particles surface. The most appropriate ratio is “MB : slag” = 1 mg/g, at which the adsorption value a=0.92 mg/g is recorded at a treatment efficiency of 92 %. The maximum efficiency of MB adsorption by slag based on diopside was recorded in the pH range of 4.8- 10.4. The dependence of the type of chemical activation of slag with basic mineral – diopside on the sorption mode of organic dyes was determined. Slag acid activation is advisable in the static mode of MV sorption; alkaline – under conditions of MV dynamic sorption with a low rate of solution passage through the sorbent layer. Diopside-based slag is expedient to use as an adsorbent of organic dyes at the level of their low concentrations at the local treatment of wastewater generated during the certain technological operations.
2,5–FURANDICARBOXYLIC ACID DICINAMIL ETHER AND NEW COPOLYMERS ON ITS BASIS
Authors: Kashparova Vera P. , Klushin Victor A. , Andreeva Veronika E. , Smirnova Nina V. , Zhukova Irina Yu. , Kashparov Ivan I.
Published: August 2020

A method for the synthesis of dicinamyl ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (DCF) a new unsaturated compound of the furan series and potential monomer for producing copolymers with various vinyl compounds and based on them a new generation of construction and ion-exchange materials has been developed. DCF does not form homopolymers as in bulk as in solution (toluene solvent). However, DCF is actively copolymerized with styrene, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic and acrylic acids to form cross-linked polymers with varying degrees of crosslinking. The copolymerization constants of DCF with all investigated vinyl compounds were determined. The DCF copolymers are enriched with comonomer units for all ratios of the components in the initial reaction mixture. They are statistical, and the comonomer units in the macromolecule are randomly arranged. Copolymers with styrene or methyl methacrylate have higher mechanical strength compared to polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. Copolymers containing carboxyl groups and 10-20 % wt. crosslinking agent exhibit good ion-exchange properties with respect to heavy metals. The equilibrium adsorption amount of Cu2+ onto ion-exchange сopolymers (221-234 mg/g) was almost twice as large as that onto Amberlite IRC-748 (120.0 mg/g). Materials with a crosslinking agent content of 2.5-5% wt. form polymer gels with high water absorption. Materials containing 2.5 % wt. crosslinking agent (≥ 1400 % for copolymer DCF /acrylic acid and ≥ 1700 for copolymer DCF/methacrylic acid) are showed maximum swelling. These materials can be recommended as water absorbers.
COVID-19 ENTROPIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Korablev Grigory A.
Published: August 2020

It is demonstrated that according to the first law of thermodynamics the equality of entropic and negentropic components is the condition of resonance stationary state of systems. In the systems in which the interaction proceeds along the potential gradient (positive work), the resultant potential energy is found based on the principle of adding reciprocals of corresponding values of subsystems. This is the corpuscular process, in which entropy can serve as the theoretical concept. In the systems in which the interactions proceed against the potential gradient (negative work) the algebraic addition of their masses, as well as the corresponding energies of subsystems is performed. This is the wave process, in which negentropy can serve as the theoretical concept. The resonance stationary state of the systems is fulfilled under the condition of equality of degrees of their corpuscular and wave interactions. The entropy products in stationary state are completely compensated by the negentropy flow.  Mathematically and graphically (by nomograms) the stationary state in microsystems is found by the following equation containing the tangent of the geodesic angel. The geodesic angle numerically defines the ratio of two legs of the right triangle whose values characterize energy dependencies through axial and circumferential stresses in the system with corpuscular-wave processes. This condition corresponds to the most optimal technological options and is widely present in nature, as well as in fractal systems. The initial nomograms of entropic and negentropic characteristics for many processes and phenomena in nature, engineering and physical chemistry are given. The entopic technique for forming fractal systems is presented. The coronavirus scenario in Russia is analyzed. The accuracy of forecast regarding the maximum number of diseases at the given moment and plateau duration is 96.5 % and 98.5%, respectively.
Variable absorption of mutational trends by prion-forming domains during Saccharomycetes evolution
Authors: Harrison Paul M.
Published: August 2020

Prions are self-propagating alternative states of protein domains. They are linked to both diseases and functional protein roles in eukaryotes. Prion-forming domains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are typically domains with high intrinsic protein disorder (i.e., that remain unfolded in the cell during at least some part of their functioning), that are converted to self-replicating amyloid forms. S. cerevisiae is a member of the fungal class Saccharomycetes, during the evolution of which a large population of prion-like domains has appeared. It is still unclear what principles might govern the molecular evolution of prion-forming domains, and intrinsically disordered domains generally. Here, it is discovered that in a set of such prion-forming domains some evolve in the fungal class Saccharomycetes in such a way as to absorb general mutation biases across millions of years, whereas others do not, indicating a spectrum of selection pressures on composition and sequence. Thus, if the bias-absorbing prion formers are conserving a prion-forming capability, then this capability is not interfered with by the absorption of bias changes over the duration of evolutionary epochs. Evidence is discovered for selective constraint against the occurrence of lysine residues (which likely disrupt prion formation) in S. cerevisiae prion-forming domains as they evolve across Saccharomycetes. These results provide a case study of the absorption of mutational trends by compositionally biased domains, and suggest methodology for assessing selection pressures on the composition of intrinsically disordered regions.
Charging Reactions Promoted by Geometrically Necessary Dislocations in Battery Materials Revealed by In Situ Single‐Particle Synchrotron Measurements
Authors: Xu Zhengrui , Hou Dong , Kautz David J. , Liu Wenjun , Xu Ruqing , Xiao Xianghui , Lin Feng
Published: August 2020

Crystallographic defects exist in many redox active energy materials, e.g., battery and catalyst materials, which significantly alter their chemical properties for energy storage and conversion. However, there is lack of quantitative understanding of the interrelationship between crystallographic defects and redox reactions. Herein, crystallographic defects, such as geometrically necessary dislocations, are reported to influence the redox reactions in battery particles through single‐particle, multimodal, and in situ synchrotron measurements. Through Laue X‐ray microdiffraction, many crystallographic defects are spatially identified and statistically quantified from a large quantity of diffraction patterns in many layered oxide particles, including geometrically necessary dislocations, tilt boundaries, and mixed defects. The in situ and ex situ measurements, combining microdiffraction and X‐ray spectroscopy imaging, reveal that LiCoO2 particles with a higher concentration of geometrically necessary dislocations provide deeper charging reactions, indicating that dislocations may facilitate redox reactions in layered oxides during initial charging. The present study illustrates that a precise control of crystallographic defects and their distribution can potentially promote and homogenize redox reactions in battery materials.
NIR‐Absorbing RuII Complexes Containing α‐Oligothiophenes for Applications in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lifshits Liubov M. , Roque John A. , Cole Houston D. , Thummel Randolph P. , Cameron Colin G. , McFarland Sherri A.
Published: August 2020

The design of near‐infrared (NIR)‐active photosensitizers (PSs) for light‐based cancer treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a challenge. While several NIR‐RuII scaffolds have been reported, this approach has not been proven in cells. This is the first report of NIR‐RuII PSs that are phototoxic to cancer cells, including highly pigmented B16F10 melanoma cells. The PS family incorporated a bis(1,8‐naphthyridine)‐based ligand (tpbn), a bidentate thiophene‐based ligand (nT; n=0–4), and a monodentate 4‐picoline ligand (4‐pic). All compounds absorbed light >800 nm with maxima near 730 nm. Transient absorption (TA) measurements indicated that n=4 thiophene rings (4T) positioned the PDT‐active triplet intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT) excited state in energetic proximity to the lowest‐lying triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT). 4T had low‐micromolar phototoxicity with PIvis and PI733nm values as large as 90 and 12, respectively. Spectroscopic studies suggested that the longer‐lived (τTA=3–6 μs) 3ILCT state was accessible from the 3MLCT state, but energetically uphill in the overall photophysics. The study highlights that phototoxic effects can be achieved with NIR‐absorbing RuII PSs as long as the reactive 3ILCT states are energetically accessible from the low‐energy 3MLCT states. It also demonstrates that tissue‐penetrating NIR light can be used to activate the PSs in highly pigmented cells where melanin attenuates shorter wavelengths of light.
Hybrid Extraction of Oily Sludge by Tertiary Amines and Protonated Tertiary Amines
Authors: Dai Shanshan , Li Xiaojiang , Zhao Jihe , Lu Hongsheng
Published: August 2020

A green and effective extraction of oily sludge was completed by a hybrid process with tertiary amines (TA) and protonated tertiary amines (PTA), where PTA is the protonated state of TA. Compared with only TA, the crude oil recovery was improved by 3–5 % by the addition of PTA and less solid remained in the recovered crude oil. Additionally, the wettability improved with the absorption of positively charged ions of PTA on the sludge, and the interaction between heavy alkanes of crude oil and PTA promotes the detachment of crude oil from the sludge surface, enhancing the hydrophilicity of sludge. More importantly, the incomplete recovery of TA exactly takes the role of the PTA in the regenerated mixture, which can reduce the loss of solvent.
Task‐based, GPU‐accelerated and robust library for solving dense nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems
Authors: Myllykoski Mirko , Kjelgaard Mikkelsen Carl Christian
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we present the StarNEig library for solving dense nonsymmetric standard and generalized eigenvalue problems. The library is built on top of the StarPU runtime system and targets both shared and distributed memory machines. Some components of the library have support for GPU acceleration. The library currently applies to real matrices with real and complex eigenvalues and all calculations are done using real arithmetic. Support for complex matrices is planned for a future release. This paper is aimed at potential users of the library. We describe the design choices and capabilities of the library, and contrast them to existing software such as LAPACK and ScaLAPACK. StarNEig implements a ScaLAPACK compatibility layer which should assist new users in the transition to StarNEig. We demonstrate the performance of the library with a sample of computational experiments.
Amino acids, betaines and related ammonium compounds in Neapolitan limmo, a Mediterranean sweet lime, also known as lemoncetta Locrese
Authors: Cautela Domenico , De Sio Francesco , Balestrieri Maria Luisa , Casale Rosario , Laratta Bruna , Castaldo Domenico , Pastore Annalisa , Servillo Luigi , DʼOnofrio Nunzia
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The so‐called ‘Neapolitan limmo’ or ‘lemoncetta Locrese’ is an old and now rare Mediterranean sweet lime, similar to lemon but smaller. It is a fruit distinguished from orange, lemon, mandarin, and lime for its sweeter, watery, and non‐acidic taste, with a pH between 5.6 and 5.9. No compositional studies are currently available for this citrus fruit.

Here we report, for the first time, the distribution in the limmo juice of free amino acids and their main derivatives such as betaines and related ammonium compounds.

RESULTS

Seven proteinogenic amino acids (proline, asparagine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamine, alanine, and threonine) and a non‐protein amino acid (γ‐aminobutyric acid) characterize Neapolitan limmo juice. Proline betaine is the predominant betaine. The data were compared with those of other important citrus juices.

CONCLUSION

The specific ‘taste quality’ of Neapolitan limmo juice can be attributed to its peculiar composition in amino acids. The species‐specific presence of the ammonium compound derivatives of the amino acid proline, with proline betaine as the predominant betaine, characterize the non‐acidic varieties of Mediterranean sweet lime. Our study constitutes an important step towards the repopulation of this ancient plant and its exploitation in food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring the cargo and eco‐efficiencies of international container shipping companies: A network‐based ranking approach
Authors: Hsieh H. Pierre , Kuo Kuo‐Cheng , Le Minh‐Hieu , Lu Wen‐Min
Published: August 2020

This study aims to evaluate the cargo and eco‐efficiencies of international container shipping companies (CSCs) for the period 2013–2017 for benchmarking purposes. An integration of two‐stage network directional distance function and network‐based approach in data envelopment analysis is utilized to distinguish the efficient operators. Results show that most CSCs are highly ranked in the cargo efficiency stage but lowly ranked in the eco‐efficiency stage and vice versa. This study emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of each factor of every CSC. Results can help the inefficient CSCs find the areas for improvement by learning from their peers.
Heat stress on oocyte or zygote compromises embryo development, impairs interferon tau production and increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in bovine embryos produced in vitro
Authors: Amaral Carolina S. , Koch Júlia , Correa Júnior Eduardo E. , Bertolin Kalyne , Mujica Lady K. S. , Fiorenza Mariani F. , Rosa Suzan G. , Nogueira Cristina W. , Comim Fábio V. , Portela Valério V. M. , Gonçalves Paulo B. D. , Antoniazzi Alfredo Q.
Published: August 2020

Interferon tau (IFNT) is the cytokine responsible for the maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants and plays a role modulating embryo–maternal communication in the oviduct inducing a local response from immune cells. We aimed to investigate IFNT production, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress under the influence of heat stress (HS) during different stages of bovine in vitro embryo production. HS was established when the temperature was gradually raised from 38.5°C to 40.5°C in laboratory incubator, sustained for 6 hr, and decreased back to 38.5°C. To address the HS effects on IFNT production, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress, ovaries from a slaughterhouse were used according to treatments: control group (38.5°C); oocytes matured under HS; oocytes fertilized under HS; zygotes cultured in the first day under HS; and cells submitted to HS at oocyte maturation, fertilization, and the first day of zygote culture. The HS negatively affected cleavage and blastocyst rates, in all HS groups. On Day 7, all HS‐treated embryos showed decrease IFNT gene and protein expressions, whereas reactive oxygen species were increased in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the compromised early embryo development due to higher temperatures during in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and/or zygote stage have diminished IFNT expression and increased reactive oxygen species in bovine.
Preparation of antimicrobial 3D printing filament: In situ thermal formation of silver nanoparticles during the material extrusion
Authors: Podstawczyk Daria , Skrzypczak Dawid , Połomska Xymena , Stargała Anna , Witek‐Krowiak Anna , Guiseppi‐Elie Anthony , Galewski Zbigniew
Published: August 2020

Many efforts have been made either to provide the typical three‐dimensional (3D) printing materials with new and specific properties or to enhance their overall stability. The use of nanomaterials in 3D printing is gaining attention due to the tremendous functionality that this approach provides for those materials. This article presents a method of producing poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐silver nanoparticle antibacterial filament for additive manufacturing. Polymer dope of silver salts within PLA was prepared by the solution‐phase and solvent‐less methods, followed by extrusion into filaments. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in situ by thermal decomposition of silver salt during the thermal extrusion of the filament. The formation and dispersion of the nanoparticles within the polymer structure were examined and confirmed with transmission electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction. The solution‐phase method proposed in this study may prevent failure with nanoparticle dispersion occurring in melt blending. The filament was used for the fabrication of predesigned specimens for antimicrobial and mechanical testing. Printed objects exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study revealed that the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (0.01‐5 wt%) into PLA does not significantly change its bulk properties but renders the composite antibacterial. The filament may be used for manufacturing on‐demand customized antimicrobial objects.
In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
Authors: Liu Fangfei , Fan Lampson M. , Michael Nicholas , Li Jian‐Mei
Published: August 2020

Apocynin has been widely used in vivo as a Nox2‐contaninig nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor. However, its time‐dependent tissue distribution and inhibition on organ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remained unclear. In this study, we examined apocynin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) after intravenous (iv) injection (bolus, 5 mg/kg) of mice (CD1, 12‐week). Apocynin was detected using a HPLC coupled to a linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometer. Apocynin peak concentrations were detected in plasma at 1 minute (5494 ± 400 ng/mL) (t1/2 = 0.05 hours, clearance = 7.76 L/h/kg), in urine at 15 minutes (14 942 ± 5977 ng/mL), in liver at 5 minutes (2853 ± 35 ng/g), in heart at 5 minutes (3161 ± 309 ng/g) and in brain at 1 minute (4603 ± 208 ng/g) after iv injection. These were accompanied with reduction of ROS production in the liver, heart and brain homogenates. Diapocynin was not detected in these samples. Therapeutic effect of apocynin was examined using a mouse model (C57BL/6J) of high‐fat diet (HFD, 16 weeks)‐induced obesity and accelerated aging. Apocynin (5 mmol/L) was supplied in drinking water during the HFD period and was detected at the end of treatment in the brain (5369 ± 1612 ng/g), liver (4818 ± 1340 ng/g) and heart (1795 ± 1487 ng/g) along with significant reductions of ROS production in these organs. In conclusion, apocynin PKPD is characterized by a short half‐life, rapid clearance, good distribution and inhibition of ROS production in major organs. Diapocynin is not a metabolite of apocynin in vivo. Apocynin crosses easily the blood‐brain barrier and reduces brain oxidative stress associated with metabolic disorders and aging.
Bidirectional connectivity via fish ladders in a large Neotropical river: Response to a comment
Authors: Fernandes Celestino Leandro , Sanz‐Ronda Francisco Javier , Miranda Leandro Esteban , Cavicchioli Makrakis Maristela , Dias João Henrique Pinheiro , Makrakis Sergio
Published: August 2020

In a recent article, we described fitting electronic tags to the fish Prochilodus lineatus to document how a fishway connected aquatic habitats downstream and upstream of a major dam. Moreover, given that tagged fish remained upstream or downstream for periods extending months and years before returning to the fishway, and that observed patterns of passage were consistent with seasonal migratory cycles, and building on existing literature, we speculated that the fishway allows fish access to spawning habitats upstream and feeding habitats downstream. Our interpretation of the movement data resulted in several comments from Pelicice, Pompeu, and Agostinho (2020) and they outline various reasons by which, in their opinion, some of our conclusions may be mistaken. Their critique is threefold. First, they argue that the percentage of fish attracted into the fishway is too low to consider the fishway an effective link between the reservoir and the river downstream. We contend that without estimates of population size it is impossible to judge if 28% passage is “limited”; conceivably, the absolute number of fish passed may still be enough to maintain a viable population. Second, they assert that because receivers were located only in the fishway it is unknown if fish that used the fishway remained near the dam, or if they continued their migration. We counter with a brief literature review that documents P. lineatus migrating through reservoirs and spawning in tributaries. Third, they advocate for a broader conservation perspective and for additional research. We agree and, in the article, had already expressed this view that fishways are only a temporary fix and that we support their use only as an element of a broader environmental management package. We also agree with the need for more research but argue that procrastinating on conservation action may not be wise because we do not know if the research will be done, how long it will take, or what the cost may be of waiting.
Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19
Authors: Siepmann Timo , Sedghi Annahita , Barlinn Jessica , de With Katja , Mirow Lutz , Wolz Martin , Gruenewald Thomas , Helbig Sina , Schroettner Percy , Winzer Simon , von Bonin Simone , Moustafa Haidar , Pallesen Lars-Peder , Rosengarten Bernhard , Schubert Joerg , Gueldner Andreas , Spieth Peter , Koch Thea , Bornstein Stefan , Reichmann Heinz , Puetz Volker , Barlinn Kristian
Published: August 2020

Objective

To determine whether a history of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) increases risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

In a retrospective multicenter study, we retrieved individual data from in-patients treated March 1 to April 15, 2020 from COVID-19 registries of three hospitals in Saxony, Germany. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA recommendations using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and bibliographies of identified papers (last search on April 11, 2020) and pooled data with those deriving from our multicenter study. Of 3762 records identified, 11 eligible observational studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in quantitative data synthesis.

Risk ratios (RR) of severe COVID-19 according to history of CVD were pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2-statistics. Severity of COVID-19 according to definitions applied in included studies was the main outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for clusters of studies with equal definitions of severity.

Results

Pooled analysis included data from 1906 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (43.9% females, median age ranging from 39 to 76 years). Patients with previous CVD had higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those without [RR 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.81; p < 0.0001]. This association was also observed in clusters of studies that defined severe manifestation of the disease by clinical parameters (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.71; p < 0.0001), necessity of intensive care (RR 2.79, 95% CI 1.83–4.24; p < 0.0001) and in-hospital death (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.75–2.7; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

A history of CVD might constitute an important risk factor of unfavorable clinical course of COVID-19  suggesting a need of tailored infection prevention and clinical management strategies for this population at risk.
The revised version 2018 of the nationwide web-based registry system for kidney diseases in Japan: Japan Renal Biopsy Registry and Japan Kidney Disease Registry
Authors: Ozeki Takaya , Maruyama Shoichi , Nagata Michio , Shimizu Akira , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Sato Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hitoshi ,   the Committee for Renal Biopsy and Disease Registry of the Japanese Society of Nephrology
Published: August 2020

Background

The Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR), the first nation-wide registry of renal biopsies in Japan, was established in 2007, and expanded to include non-biopsy cases as the Japan Kidney Disease Registry (J-KDR) in 2009. The J-RBR/J-KDR is one of the biggest registries for kidney diseases. It has revealed the prevalence and distribution of kidney diseases in Japan. This registry system was meant to be revised after 10 years.

Methods

In 2017, the Committees of the Japanese Society of Nephrology started a project for the revision of the J-RBR/J-KDR. The revised system was designed in such a way that the diagnoses of the patients could be selected from the Diagnosis Panel, a list covering almost all known kidney diseases, and focusing on their pathogenesis rather than morphological classification. The Diagnosis Panel consists of 22 categories (18 glomerular, 1 tubulointerstitial, 1 congenital/genetical, 1 transplant related, and 1 other) and includes 123 diagnostic names. The items for clinical diagnosis and laboratory data were also renewed, with the addition of the information on immunosuppressive treatment.

Results

The revised version of J-RBR/J-KDR came into use in January 2018. The number of cases registered under the revised system was 2748 in the first year. The total number of cases has reached to 43,813 since 2007.

Conclusion

The revised version 2018 J-RBR/J-KDR system attempts to cover all kidney diseases by focusing on their pathogenesis. It will be a new platform for the standardized registration of kidney biopsy cases that provides more systemized data of higher quality.
Long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of prolonged exposure therapy and supportive counselling for post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents: a task-shifted intervention
Authors: Rossouw Jaco , Yadin Elna , Alexander Debra , Seedat Soraya
Published: August 2020

Background

Empirical evidence on the longer-term effectiveness of evidence-based treatments for adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the maintenance of treatment gains achieved in a comparative study of effectiveness of prolonged exposure therapy for adolescents (PE-A) and supportive counselling (SC) in adolescents with PTSD up to 24-months post-treatment.

Method

Sixty-three adolescents (13–18 years) with PTSD were randomly assigned to receive either of the interventions comprising 7–14 sessions of treatment provided by trained and supervised non-specialist health workers (NSHWs). The primary outcome measure was PTSD symptom severity, as independently assessed on the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, at pretreatment, post-treatment, and at 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-months post-treatment follow-up (FU) evaluations.

Results

Participants in both the prolonged exposure and SC treatment groups attained a significant reduction in PTSD symptoms and maintained this reduction in PTSD symptoms at 12- and 24-month assessment. Participants receiving prolonged exposure experienced greater improvement on the PTSD symptom severity scale than those receiving SC at 12-months FU [difference in PE-A v. SC mean scores = 9.24, 95% CI (3.66–14.83), p < 0.001; g = 0.88] and at 24-months FU [difference in PE-A v. SC mean scores = 9.35, 95% CI (3.53–15.17), p = 0.002; g = 0.68].

Conclusions

Adolescents with PTSD continued to experience greater benefit from prolonged exposure treatment than SC provided by NSHWs in a community setting 12 and 24 months after completion of treatment.