bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis of Organic Fire Retardants
Authors: Liu Yuan , Xu Miaojun , Feng Jiabing , Song Pingan , Yang Hongyu
Published: December 2023

Traditional synthetic methods of organic fire retardants include the dehydrochlorination reaction, ring-opening reaction, Mannich reaction, etc., which are often carried out in a large volume of toxic solvents (e.g., acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and triethylamine), and would lead to industrial waste and even threaten our environment without proper treatment. The post-treatment processes are also complex. For this reason, some efforts have been made to develop a green approach (e.g., solventless, self-assembly, etc.) for their synthesis. Aiming at the sustainable development of fire retardants, this chapter focuses on four representatives of organic fire retardants, including melamine cyanurate (MCA), triazine-based charring agents, (poly)phosphoramides, and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), providing a thorough summary of their green synthesis mechanisms, research progress, and production processes.
Green Synthesis of Inorganic Fire Retardants
Authors: Hu Xiaoping , Han Shihu , Zhang Yan , Sai Ting , Song Pingan , Wen Xin , Tang Tao , Chen Li , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: December 2023

Compared with organic fire retardants, inorganic fire retardant counterparts also show comparable fire retardancy efficiencies in polymers. Though their traditional syntheses normally do not involve the use of organic solvents, this chapter focuses on recent advances in the green synthesis of inorganic fire retardants. Typically, these green synthesis strategies include the synthesis of various (nanostructured) metal oxides, the carbonization of biomass into biochars, and the preparation of derivatives of nano-carbon materials (e.g., C60, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides). In addition, there are two other non-traditional fire-retardant strategies for in situ formation of fire retardants during polymer degradation: (i) “catalytic carbonization” of polymer matrices themselves using metal catalysts and (ii) self-crosslinking charring flame-retardant polymers, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) via a “physical–chemical dual-crosslinking” and a “high-temperature rearrangement self-crosslinking” strategy. In brief, this chapter summarizes the recent achievements in terms of green synthesis of promising green fire retardants and fire-retardant technologies in the last few years, which adds new insights into the modern synthesis of inorganic fire retardants for polymers.
Complexation of gallic acid with calcium: electrochemical, potentiometric, and UV-VIS studies
Authors: Goman Dominik , Stanković Anamarija , Galović Olivera , Džakula Branka Njegić , Kontrec Jasminka , Medvidović-Kosanović Martina
Published: December 2023

The stability constant of calcium gallate obtained was determined by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and potentiometry. The metal : ligand ratio determined with Job's continuous variation method was found to be 2 : 1.
Construction of a cleavable linker chemistry-based HBEXO-Chip to isolate circulating exosomes for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Li Zongxin , Li Yan , Wang Xiaoyao , Deng Kun
Published: December 2023

The HBEXO-Chip device can isolate exosomes directly from the plasma of breast cancer patients within 10 minutes. The HBEXO-Chip device is expected to be an accurate and rapid in vitro diagnostic platform by modifying different antibodies or aptamers for the diagnosis of multiple diseases.
Phytic acid cross-linked and Hofmeister effect strengthened polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for zinc ion storage
Authors: Liu Xinlong , Cao Yulin , Wang Haiou , Hu Yingqi , Wang Zhan , Li Yingzhi , Yang Weimin , Cheng Hua , Lu Zhouguang
Published: December 2023

The mechanical strength of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel can be drastically boosted by Hofmeister effects and rich hydrogen bonds. The phosphate groups from phytic acid (PA) are beneficial to fast ions transport.
Single-cell metabolite profiling enables information-rich classification of lymphocyte types and subtypes
Authors: Pan Siyuan , Liu Changyi , Yao Huan , Pan Xingyu , Li Jinhang , Yang Jinlei , Du Murong , Liu Peng , Zhang Sichun , Zhang Xinrong
Published: December 2023

Classification of lymphocyte types and subtypes based on single-cell metabolite profiling has been proposed.
Pd/Brønsted acid catalysed intramolecular N-allylation of indoles and pyrroles with alkynes for the synthesis of N-fused heterocycles
Authors: Bhoi Saswat Ranjan , Debnath Chhanda , Gandhi Shikha
Published: December 2023

The first Pd/Brønsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular N-allylation of indoles and pyrroles with alkynes for the synthesis of N-fused heterocycles has been developed.
A hydrophobic alloy-coated Zn anode for durable electrochromic devices
Authors: Hu Jianwei , Zhang Yingxin , Xu Bing , Ouyang Yujia , Ma Yu , Wang Huanlei , Chen Jingwei , Li Haizeng
Published: December 2023

A hydrophobic CuZn5 alloy coating was introduced onto a Zn anode to improve the reversibility and stability. Such a hydrophobic alloy-coated Zn anode enabled the assembly of electrochromic devices with extended cycling stability and fast switching.
Dynamic monitoring of an enzymatically driven dissipative toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhao Disong , Yang Fangfang , Liu Shufeng
Published: December 2023

A general strategy to program self-resettable and dissipative toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions by lambda exonuclease was proposed.
Pd(ii)-Catalyzed tandem selective dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of 2-methyl-1,3-cycloalkanediones with olefins
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Di , Chang Mengfan , Xu Xuefeng , Li Wenguang , Wang Wanya
Published: December 2023

A practical and effective palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative [4+2] annulation of 2-methyl-1,3-cycloalkanediones with a wide variety of olefins to afford various polysubstituted dihydropyran derivatives in good to excellent yields was reported.
Photoinduced radical formation in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Almuhana Asia R.Y. , Orton Georgia R.F. , Rosenberg Callum , Champness Neil R.
Published: December 2023

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) undergo photoexcitation to form radical bearing materials.
The Lewis superacidic aluminium cation: [(NHC)Al(C6F5)2]+
Authors: Ju Shaoying , Zhang Chi , Tang Beili , Liu Liu Leo , Stephan Douglas W. , Wu Yile
Published: December 2023

The aluminium salt [(NHC)Al(tol)(C6F5)2][B(C6F5)4], (NHC = C3H2(N(iPr2C6H3))2) is a Lewis superacid and acts as a catalyst for hydrosilyation, hydrodefluorination and Friedel–Crafts reactions.
Pseudo second order kinetic expression to predict the kinetics of the anomalous crystal growth of curcumin in impure solution
Authors: Ranjbar Mahmoud , Vashishtha Mayank , Gadipelli Srinivas , Ramisetty Kirankumar , Walker Gavin , Brett Dan J. L. , Kumar K. Vasanth
Published: December 2023

Pseudo second order kinetics can accurately predict the crystal growth kinetics.
Unravelling the structure of the CSD cocrystal network using a fast near-optimal bipartisation algorithm for large networks
Authors: de Vries Tom E. , Vlieg Elias , de Gelder René
Published: December 2023

Analysing the CSD cocrystal network using a fast near-optimal bipartisation algorithm reveals its hidden structures.
P-incorporated CuO/Cu2S heteronanorods as efficient electrocatalysts for the glucose oxidation reaction toward highly sensitive and selective glucose sensing
Authors: Thi L. L. D. , Ho Thi H. , Vu Tuan V. , Nguyen Dang L. T. , Tran Minh Xuan , Rhim Sonny H. , Nguyen C.-D.
Published: December 2023

Tremendous efforts have been made to explore electrocatalysts for enzymeless glucose sensors to meet the demands for accurate and fast detection of glucose in the fields of health care and environmental monitoring.
Giant exchange bias field above room temperature in perovskite YbCr1−xFexO3 (x = 0.6–0.9)
Authors: Zhao Kang , Wang Dao , Wang Lei , Rehman Sajjad Ur
Published: December 2023

In the perovskite YbCr1−xFexO3 (x = 0.6–0.9) compounds, when x = 0.8 and 0.9, the exchange bias field reaches −9.7 and −13.6 kOe, respectively, at 300 K. The EB effect is ascribed to the ferromagnetic (FM) coupling between Fe3+/Cr3+ ions and Yb3+.
Insights into the multi-functional lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate additive in boosting the Li-ion reaction kinetics for Li3VO4 anodes
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Pei Cunyuan , Xiang Qiqi , Liu Lintao , Dai Zhongxu , Ma Huijuan , Ni Shibing
Published: December 2023

The schematic diagram displays the structural formula of lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB). The morphology of the electrode material after cycling can be maintained with the addition of LiDFOB.
Solvent-polarity dependence of ultrafast excited-state dynamics of trans-4-nitrostilbene
Authors: Wang Peng-Yun , Hsu Yu-Cheng , Chen Pin-Hsun , Chen Guan-Yu , Liao Yi-Kai , Cheng Po-Yuan
Published: December 2023

trans-4-Nitrostilbene S1-state deactivation dynamics is strongly modulated by solvent polarity, and its lifetime decreases by three orders of magnitude from ∼60 ps in acetonitrile to ∼60 fs in cyclohexane.
Theory of density waves and organization of proteins in icosahedral virus capsids
Authors: Konevtsova Olga V. , Chalin Dmitrii V. , Rochal Sergei B.
Published: December 2023

Simplest icosahedral interference patterns of protein density waves rationalize the structural organization of small and middle size viral shells.
Optoelectronic synapses based on a triple cation perovskite and Al/MoO3 interface for neuromorphic information processing
Authors: Sun Haoliang , Wang Haoliang , Dong Shaohua , Dai Shijie , Li Xiaoguo , Zhang Xin , Deng Liangliang , Liu Kai , Liu Fengcai , Tan Hua , Xue Kun , Peng Chao , Wang Jiao , Li Yi , Yu Anran , Zhu Hongyi , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: December 2023

Schematic of human visual perception, information transmission, and the corresponding CsFAMA optoelectronic synaptic transistors.
PhNCO-enabled synthesis of secondary amides from N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamides
Authors: Govindan Karthick , Chen Nian-Qi , Jayaram Alageswaran , Lin Wei-Yu
Published: December 2023

We have successfully developed an efficient method for synthesizing secondary amides utilizing easily accessible N-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide and phenyl isocyanate.
Cation exchange doping by transition and non-transition metals: embracing luminescence for band gap tunability in a ZnS lattice
Authors: Pandey Tejasvi , Singh Abhishek , Kaundal Rajinder Singh , Pandey Vivek
Published: December 2023

When designing sensors for optoelectronic devices, fluorescent materials are always the choice of material chemists.
AGuIX nanoparticle-nanobody bioconjugates to target immune checkpoint receptors
Authors: Carmès Léna , Bort Guillaume , Lux François , Seban Léa , Rocchi Paul , Muradova Zeinaf , Hagège Agnès , Heinrich-Balard Laurence , Delolme Frédéric , Gueguen-Chaignon Virginie , Truillet Charles , Crowley Stephanie , Bello Elisa , Doussineau Tristan , Dougan Michael , Tillement Olivier , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Brown Needa , Berbeco Ross
Published: December 2023

Comparison of click chemistry and sortagging grafting strategies for functionalizing AGuIX nanoparticles with nanobodies to develop a tri-functional technology combining MRI imaging, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy by inhibiting immune checkpoints.
Annulation of benzaldehydes with norbornenes toward indanones assisted by monodentate transient directing groups via double C–H activation
Authors: Wang Jinyuan , Liu Yunzhi , Han Nan , Gao Yuan , Luo Jun
Published: December 2023

A novel synthetic strategy for indanones was established through Pd-catalyzed annulation of benzaldehydes with norbornenes assisted by anilines as monodentate transient directing groups (TDGs), which involves two consecutive C–H activation processes.
Towards the thermal stability of dye-sensitized solar cells for wavelength-selective greenhouses using the polymorphism of light-scattering layers
Authors: Ursu Daniel , Vajda Melinda , Ilieş Elisei , Ricman Radu , Marinca Magdalena , Bularka Szilard , Miclau Marinela , Gontean Aurel
Published: December 2023

Long-term thermal stability of DSSC was firstly highlighted by exploring the photoanode polymorphism.
Correction: Mitochondria-targeting nanozyme alleviating temporomandibular joint pain by inhibiting the TNFα/NF-κB/NEAT1 pathway
Authors: Bai Qian , Zhou Yaoyao , Cui Xiaona , Si Haichao , Wu Tingting , Nasir Abdul , Ma Heng , Xing Junyue , Wang Yingying , Cheng Xiaolei , Liu Xiaojun , Qi Shaoyan , Li Zhisong , Tang Hao
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘Mitochondria-targeting nanozyme alleviating temporomandibular joint pain by inhibiting the TNFα/NF-κB/NEAT1 pathway’ by Qian Bai et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3tb00929g.
Understanding interleukin 11 as a disease gene and therapeutic target
Authors: Cook Stuart A.
Published: December 2023

Interleukin 11 (IL11) is an elusive member of the IL6 family of cytokines. While initially thought to be a haematopoietic and cytoprotective factor, more recent data show instead that IL11 is redundant for haematopoiesis and toxic. In this review, the reasons that led to the original misunderstandings of IL11 biology, which are now understandable, are explained with particular attention on the use of recombinant human IL11 in mice and humans. Following tissue injury, as part of an evolutionary ancient homeostatic response, IL11 is secreted from damaged mammalian cells to signal via JAK/STAT3, ERK/P90RSK, LKB1/mTOR and GSK3β/SNAI1 in autocrine and paracrine. This activates a program of mesenchymal transition of epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells to cause inflammation, fibrosis, and stalled endogenous tissue repair, leading to organ failure. The role of IL11 signalling in cell- and organ-specific pathobiology is described, the large unknowns about IL11 biology are discussed and the promise of targeting IL11 signalling as a therapeutic approach is reviewed.
Impact of radial interplanetary magnetic fields on the inner coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Gunell Herbert , Goetz Charlotte , Fatemi Shahab
Published: December 2023

Context. The direction of the interplanetary magnetic field determines the nature of the interaction between a Solar System object and the solar wind. For comets, it affects the formation of both a bow shock and other plasma boundaries, as well as mass-loading. Around the nucleus of a comet, there is a diamagnetic cavity, where the magnetic field is negligible. Observations by the Rosetta spacecraft have shown that, most of the time, the diamagnetic cavity is located within a solar-wind ion cavity, which is devoid of solar wind ions. However, solar wind ions have been observed inside the diamagnetic cavity on several occasions. Understanding what determines whether or not the solar wind can reach the diamagnetic cavity also advances our understanding of comet–solar wind interaction in general.

Aims. We aim to determine the influence of an interplanetary magnetic field directed radially out from the Sun – that is, parallel to the solar wind velocity – on the comet–solar wind interaction. In particular, we explore the possibility of solar wind protons entering the diamagnetic cavity under radial field conditions.

Methods. We performed global hybrid simulations of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko using the simulation code Amitis for two different interplanetary magnetic field configurations and compared the results to observations made by the Rosetta spacecraft.

Results. We find that, when the magnetic field is parallel to the solar wind velocity, no bow shock forms and the solar wind ions are able to enter the diamagnetic cavity. A solar wind ion wake still forms further downstream in this case.

Conclusions. The solar wind can enter the diamagnetic cavity if the interplanetary magnetic field is directed radially from the Sun, and this is in agreement with observations made by instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft.
SEAWINES: Use of macroalgae as biostimulants against fungal diseases in grapevines
Authors: Zarraonaindia Iratxe , Cantos-Villar Emma , Diez Ana , Mena-Petite Amaia , Perez-Alvarez Eva , Cretazzo Enrico , Pébarthé-Courrouilh Anthony , Bertazzon Nadia , Lacuesta Maite , Puertas Belén , Perez-Lopez Usue , Cluzet Stéphanie , Hachero-Cruzado Ismael , José Córdoba-Granados Juan
Published: December 2023

The outlook for climate change foresees major impacts on vineyards worldwide, shifting pathogens distribution and dynamics demanding more intense plant protection measures in certain regions, increasing viticulture's dependence on phytochemicals and pesticides. However, the European Commission is applying restrictions on their use, encouraging the development of more sustainable strategies efficient for disease control. Seaweeds represent an ecological alternative for a more sustainable production. Previous studies have shown that algae extracts contain compounds capable of reducing the abundance of plant fungal pathogens. Despite it, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying this response.

SEAWINES project is evaluating the efficacy of the foliar application of Ulva ohnoi and Rugulopteryx okamurae extracts to control powdery and downy mildew, in addition to testing their effect on grape and wine quality. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating R. okamurae biostimulant capacity and fungicidal effect in viticulture. This macroalgae is relevant since it is an invasive species in our coasts, causing incalculable economic and environmental burdens. We aim to 1- Reduce the usage of chemicals in grapevines; 2- Reduce fungal diseases in viticulture; 3- Valorize polysaccharides from seaweeds; 4- Increase the added-value to wines (ecological and quality); and 5- Provide an alternative use to seaweed biomass, contributing to bio-circular economy and reducing its accumulation in our coasts.
Improving the implantation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking by UHPH processing
Authors: Morata Antonio , Escott Carlos , Vaquero Cristian , del Fresno Juan Manuel , Guamis Buenaventura , Loira Iris , Bañuelos María Antonia , Palomero Felipe , López Carmen , González Carmen , Lepe Jose Antonio Suárez
Published: December 2023

The use of unconventional yeasts, also called non-Saccharomyces yeasts, is a hot topic in current enology due to the improvement that can be produced in the sensory profile during fermentation. However, the use of these yeasts have problems due to difficulties in the implantation and competition with wild Saccharomyces yeasts. Ultra-High Pressure Homogenization (UHPH) has demonstrated to be a powerful tool to eliminate microorganisms in grape must, specially yeast and bacteria even at low in-valve temperatures. UHPH can be considered a non-thermal technology with protective effect on sensitive molecules as terpenes and anthocyanins. The preprocessing of must by UHPH leaves it free of yeast with an optimal sensory quality, being this a perfect situation to inoculate non-Saccharomyces yeasts. We have fermented UHPH musts and controls with several non-Saccharomyces species (Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora vineae), reaching in most of the UHPH treatments better implantations of the inoculated yeasts and a complete elimination of wild yeasts. The impact of the UHPH treatment is a better expression of the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts. That effect enhances the sensory quality and facilitates the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts at industrial scale.
Mathematical Modelling of Banana Slices in Natural Convection Indirect Solar Dryer
Authors: Monicka A. Asha , Kumar Dinesh , Solomon A. Brusly , M Suguna Devekumari
Published: December 2023

The energy for drying agricultural products comes from various sources such as electricity, natural gas, biomass and fossil fuels. The practice of solar energy utilization in the agricultural sector has a potential scope to minimize the cost of operation, replace the conventional drying methods and save environment by reducing carbon foot print. In the present study, heat pipe assisted natural convection indirect solar dryer (HNISD) was used to determine the drying behaviour with respect to thickness in banana slices with three different thickness namely 2,4 and 6mm. The drying time taken for 2 and 4 mm thick slices was 12 hours whereas the slices with 6 mm thickness took 13 h of drying time. The experimental data was best fit with the Midilli-kucuk model for HNISD. For open sun drying Two-term model was found to be best model to explain the drying characteristics of banana slices.
Enhancing efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solar stills through natural fiber integration
Authors: Ravivarman G. , Madhavan V.M. , Kalaiyarasan A. , Hemasilviavinothini S. , Nithyanandhan T. , Kesavan S.P. , Girimurugan R.
Published: December 2023

Various enhancements to solar stills aim to increase their output of fresh water. This research experimentally compared the efficiency of two solar stills (SS) in terms of producing fresh water. The conventional solar still (CSS) was compared to the Coconut leaf sheath single slope solar still. Natural fibres were used to fill the basin, increasing the surface area in contact with the sun and, by extension, the rate of evaporation. Utilize its capillary effect while simultaneously putting it to use as a heat sink (thermal storage material). We calculated the exergy and thermal energy efficiency of both systems and the associated costs. Daily accumulative freshwater productivity was found to be 5170.8 gm/m2 when employing natural fibre, a 45.8 % improvement over the usual method. Solar stills made from natural fibres were discovered to have daily thermal energy efficiencies of 46.8 % and exergy efficiencies of 5 %, while CSS systems achieved 33.8 and 3.2 %, respectively. When compared to a standard solar still, which costs ₹9.68 every litre of water produced, a solar still made with natural fibre reduces that cost to just ₹6.64 per litre.
Cultural identity in the architecture of individual dwelling in the conditions of industrialization
Authors: Anisimova Liudmila Vladimirovna , Asadulin Artur Rustamovich
Published: December 2023

The development of fast construction methods that allow to speed up and cheapen the procedure of housing construction will form conditions for simplifying mortgage programs by financial institutions. Despite the positive aspects of industrialization, this process is characterized by signs of depersonalization and loss of regional authenticity in architecture. This leads to the erosion of national mentality and loss of cultural identity. The search for signs of cultural identity of the Russian individual dwelling is based on the volumetric and spatial analysis of the architecture of the traditional Russian dwelling house of the North-Western regions of the Russian Federation. Since this area corresponds to the third and fourth climatic zone, in which most of the territory of the Russian Federation is located. As a result of the analysis, the characteristic planning features of individual residential houses formed under the influence of natural and climatic conditions of the region are determined and the stable, not changing in time signs of identity are revealed. As a result of the study, the parameters of the optimal percentage ratio of warm and cold zones in the volume of the house for the formation of a sustainably developing system of national housing, and the stylistic and typological characteristics formed on their basis.
Cavitating hydrofoil with a structural surface
Authors: Skripkin Sergey , Starinskiy Sergey , Tsoy Mikhail , Vasiliev Mikhail , Kashkarova Margarita , Kravtsov Yuri , Kravtsova Aleksandra
Published: December 2023

A study of cavitating smooth hydrofoil and foil with a structural surface was carried out. The structural surface morphology was made by laser ablation technology with a step of 0.01 mm and wavelength of 1064 nm. High-speed visualization of cavitating hydrofoils at various of flow bulk velocity was performed. In the paper is presented a comparison of cavitation flow regimes for the smooth and the roughness hydrofoils at equal cavitation numbers. The maximal lengths of the attached cavities for different flow regimes are compared. The structural surface of hydrofoil allows delaying the nucleation of cavitation and reducing the attached cavity size at higher velocities of the incoming flow was obtained.
Das Lernkonzept „ViGaTu – Virtueller Gastrotutor“
Authors: Engelke Monika , Hann Alexander , Henniger Dorothea , Meining Alexander , Seufert Tina , Riemer Valentin , Ropinski Timo , Kreiser Julian
Published: December 2023

Das Projekt ViGaTu (Virtueller Gastrotutor) umfasst das Erlernen der leitliniengerechten Vorsorgekoloskopie für Pflegende, Ärzt*innen in der gastroenterologischen Endoskopie mittels Virtual Reality in einem geschütztem Lernraum und unabhängig vom Arbeitssetting (Klinik oder Praxis), in dem der Trainee ausgebildet wird. Dazu wird eine Lernsoftware auf einem Head-Mounted-Display (Oculus Quest 2) genutzt. Erste Umfragen zur Handhabbarkeit und Anwenderfreundlichkeit ergaben ein sehr positives Feedback.
Rettungsschirm fürs Team – wie Unternehmen und
Vorgesetzte die Resilienz fördern können
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona
Published: December 2023

Resilienz ist die Fähigkeit, Schwierigkeiten und Herausforderungen zu
meistern und bestenfalls daran zu wachsen. Diese Fähigkeit besitzen
nicht nur Individuen, sondern auch Teams und Organisationen können sie
erlernen, um für stürmische Zeiten vorbereitet zu sein.
Rehabilitationen bei Post-COVID-Syndrom der Deutschen
Rentenversicherung 2021
Authors: Trefzer Tanja , Brüggemann Silke , Weinbrenner Susanne , Schlitt Axel
Published: December 2023

Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Überblick
über die medizinischen Rehabilitationen bei Post-COVID-Syndrom in
Trägerschaft der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) im Jahr 2021
geben.

Methodik Die Querschnittsanalyse beschreibt medizinische Rehabilitationen,
die im Jahr 2021 abgeschlossen wurden und bei denen an erster oder zweiter
Diagnosestelle im einheitlichen Entlassungsbericht eine Folgeerkrankung von
COVID-19 entsprechend der Internationalen statistischen Klassifikation der
Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme verschlüsselt wurde. Als
COVID-19-Folgeerkrankungen wurden die Codes U08(.9), U09(.9) und U10(.9) sowie
die entsprechenden Codes aus dem Jahr 2020 gewertet. Kinderrehabilitationen und
onkologische Rehabilitationen bei Rentnern und Familienangehörigen
(Leistungen nach § 31 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 SGB VI) wurden ausgeschlossen.
Statistisch erfolgte die Angabe von relativen und absoluten Häufigkeiten
bei nominal und ordinal skalierten Variablen, sowie Median und Quartilen bei
kontinuierlichen, nicht-normalverteilten Variablen.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 9.666 Rehabilitationen analysiert, davon
54,8% Frauen und 43,2% Männer. Das mediane Alter lag bei
54 bzw. 55 Jahren (Frauen/Männer). 64,4% der
Rehabilitationen wurden in einer Fachabteilung für Pneumologie
durchgeführt. In den somatischen Indikationen verblieben knapp
50% der Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden über die
reguläre Bewilligungsdauer hinaus in der Klinik. Häufigste
weitere Diagnosen waren Krankheiten des Atmungssystems. Bei 80,7% wurde
nach Einschätzung der behandelnden Ärzte eine Verbesserung der
mit dem Post-COVID-Syndrom assoziierten Symptome festgestellt. 88,0% der
Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden waren sozialversicherungspflichtig
beschäftigt. 30,5% hatten eine Beschäftigung im Bereich
Gesundheit, Soziales, Lehre und Erziehung. 63,8% der Betroffenen waren
bei Aufnahme arbeitsunfähig, 63,0% bei Entlassung. Hinsichtlich
des Leistungsvermögens im letzten Beruf bzw. auf dem allgemeinen
Arbeitsmarkt erhielten über 90,0% eine Prognose für
sechs Stunden und mehr.

Schlussfolgerung Die Bedeutung des Post-COVID-Syndroms im Kontext
medizinischer Rehabilitationen hat im Verlauf des Jahres 2021 deutlich
zugenommen. Die Erkrankung verursacht lange Zeiten der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Hinsichtlich des Leistungsvermögens ergibt
sich in den vorliegenden Analysen ein positives Bild, lediglich 6,5% der
Rehabilitanden hatte eine Einschätzung des Leistungsvermögens
von unter drei Stunden auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt.
Post-COVID-Versorgung braucht Rehabilitation
Authors: Bethge Matthias
Published: December 2023

Fast drei Jahre nach dem Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie zählt die
Weltgesundheitsorganisation rund 7 Millionen Tote aufgrund von COVID-19 und knapp
771 Millionen bestätigte Infektionen mit SARS-CoV-2 1. Die weltweite Übersterblichkeit in den
ersten zwei Jahren der Pandemie wird sogar zwei- bis dreimal höher
geschätzt, teilweise bedingt durch überlastete Gesundheitssysteme
2.
Recent Advances of Covalent Organic Frameworks as Water Splitting Electrocatalysts
Authors: Yusran Yusran , Zhao Jie , Chen Fengqian , Fang Qianrong
Published: December 2023

Developing high-performance, durable, yet low-lost catalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting technology has been a research priority to tackle the global energy crisis. In this regard, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received great attention as promising water splitting electrocatalysts as they can provide an excellent platform for the settlement of electrocatalytic active site, high porosity, and good stability. In this review, recent advances on the design and application of COFs for water electrolysis, which are hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts, are briefly discussed. Among them, both noble and non-noble metals containing COFs as well as metal-free COF-based electrocatalysts are elaborated. Furthermore, a brief outlook on the development of COFs in the field of water splitting electrocatalysis is provided.
Trends in Hospital Billing for Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction Procedures from 2013 to 2020
Authors: Gong Jung Ho , Koh Daniel J. , Sobti Nikhil , Mehrzad Raman , Beqiri Dardan , Maselli Amy , Kwan Daniel
Published: December 2023

Background With greater acceptance of postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) as a safe and reliable treatment option, the role of plastic surgeons in breast cancer management continues to rise. As Medicare reimbursements for surgical procedures decline, hospitals may increase charges. Excessive markups can negatively affect uninsured and underinsured patients. We aimed to analyze mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures to gain insights into recent trends in utilization and billing.

Methods We queried the 2013 to 2020 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data with 14 Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to collect service count numbers, hospital charges, and reimbursements. We calculated utilization (service counts per million female Medicare enrollees), weighted mean charges and reimbursements, and charge-to-reimbursement ratios (CRRs). We calculated total and annual percentage changes for the included CPT codes.

Results Among the 14 CPT codes, 12 CPT codes (85.7%) with nonzero service counts were included. Utilization of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures decreased from 1,889 to 1,288 (−31.8%) procedures per million female Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2020. While the utilization of immediate implant placements (CPT 19340) increased by 36.2%, the utilization of delayed implant placements (CPT 19342) decreased by 15.1%. Reimbursements for the included CPT codes changed minimally over time (−2.9%) but charges increased by 28.9%. These changes resulted in CRRs increasing from 3.3 to 4.4 (+33.3%) from 2013 to 2020. Free flap reconstructions (CPT 19364) had the highest CRRs throughout the study period, increasing from 7.0 in 2013 to 10.3 in 2020 (+47.1%).

Conclusions Our analysis of mastectomy and breast reconstruction procedures billed to Medicare Part B from 2013 to 2020 showed increasingly excessive procedural charges. Rises in hospital charges and CRRs may limit uninsured and underinsured patients from accessing necessary care for breast cancer management. Legislations that monitor hospital markups for PMBR procedures may be considered by policymakers.
Unraveling Epigenetic Interplay between Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Immune-Related Disorders through a Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Chanchal Shankar , Sharma Swati , Mohd Syed , Sultan Armiya , Mishra Aastha , Ashraf Mohammad Zahid
Published: December 2023

Inflammation and thrombosis are two distinct yet interdependent physiological processes. The inflammation results in the activation of the coagulation system that directs the immune system and its activation, resulting in the initiation of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, a process termed immune-thrombosis. Still, the shared underlying molecular mechanism related to the immune system and coagulation has not yet been explored extensively. Inspired to answer this, we carried out a comprehensive gene expression meta-analysis using publicly available datasets of four diseases, including venous thrombosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. A total of 609 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by all four datasets were identified based on the combined effect size approach. The pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs showed enrichment of various epigenetic pathways such as histone-modifying enzymes, posttranslational protein modification, chromatin organization, chromatin-modifying enzymes, HATs acetylate proteins. Network-based protein–protein interaction analysis showed epigenetic enzyme coding genes dominating among the top hub genes. The miRNA-interacting partner of the top 10 hub genes was determined. The predomination of epitranscriptomics regulation opens a layout for the meta-analysis of miRNA datasets of the same four diseases. We identified 30 DEmiRs shared by these diseases. There were 9 common DEmiRs selected from the list of miRNA-interacting partners of top 10 hub genes and shared significant DEmiRs from microRNAs dataset acquisition. These common DEmiRs were found to regulate genes involved in epigenetic modulation and indicate a promising epigenetic aspect that needs to be explored for future molecular studies in the context of immunothrombosis and inflammatory disease.
Recent Advances on the Synthesis of C-Glycosides from 1,2-Glycals
Authors: Mukherjee Debaraj , Kundu Taraknath , Das Ramanand , Das Malati
Published: December 2023

The development of stereoselective synthetic routes for C-glycosides has attracted immense attention from carbohydrate chemists over the last two decades. In this short review, progress made over the last decade towards the synthesis of C-glycosides using glycals as precursors is discussed. Glycals have been extensively manipulated to generate oxocarbenium cations or glycosyl anions for the formation of C–C bonds at the anomeric position through attack of C-nucleophiles or via transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Recent reports on carbon-Ferrier, intramolecular Cope, and Claisen rearrangements, along with various coupling reactions in the presence or absence of directing groups are evaluated herein. Contemporary applications of these reactions in the syntheses of natural products, drugs and scaffolds with bioactive potential are briefly discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Rearrangement Reactions

2.1 Carbon-Ferrier Rearrangement

2.2 Other Rearrangement Reactions

3 C1 Coupling

4 Annulations

5 Addition Reactions

6 Natural Product Synthesis

7 Conclusion
The Natural History and Treatment of Meningiomas: An Update
Authors: Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Mugisha Fabrice , Karekezi Claire
Published: December 2023

Meningiomas are the most frequent nonmalignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite their benign nature and slow-growing pattern, if not diagnosed early, these tumors may reach relatively large sizes causing significant morbidity and mortality. Some variants are located in hard-to-access locations, compressing critical neurovascular structures, and making the surgical management even more challenging. Although most meningiomas have a good long-term prognosis after treatment, there are still controversies over their management in a subset of cases. While surgery is the first-line treatment, the use of fractionated radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery is indicated for residual or recurrent tumors, small lesions, and tumors in challenging locations. Advances in molecular genetics and ongoing clinical trial results have recently helped both to refine the diagnosis and provide hope for effective biomolecular target-based medications for treatment. This article reviews the natural history and current therapeutic options for CNS meningiomas.
Ergonomics of Ophthalmic Surgery: Evaluating the Effect of a Posture Trainer on Trainee Intraoperative Back Posture
Authors: Markatia Zahra , Al-Khersan Hasenin , Kalavar Meghana , Watane Arjun , Yannuzzi Nicolas , Sridhar Jayanth
Published: December 2023

Purpose Ophthalmic surgeons are at an increased risk for musculoskeletal disorders resulting from ophthalmology-specific routines and equipment, which have become widely associated with poor posture. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect that a commercially available posture trainer, Upright Go, can have on the improvement of posture of ophthalmic surgeons.

Methods Eight ophthalmologists-in-training were studied over a period of 4 weeks during their surgical rotations between September 2020 and June 2021. Participants underwent an “observation” period, followed by a 2-week “training” period, then a final “testing” period. The percentage of time users spent upright intraoperatively pre- and posttraining was evaluated. Pre- and poststudy surveys were also administered to help measure participant satisfaction and self-reported changes in posture.

Results All eight participants demonstrated an increase in the percentage of time spent upright after the training period. Across all participants, the total average percentage spent upright in the observation period was 59.8%, while in the testing period was 87.1%, resulting in an average improvement of 27.3% of time spent in an upright position after the completion of the training period (p < 0.0001). The range of improvement of time spent upright was 16.0 to 46.5%.

Conclusion This cohort study utilized the Upright Go device to help determine the effect that its training could have on the improvement of posture in ophthalmic surgeons. The results indicated a significant increase in the average proportion of time spent with upright posture compared after the training period.
An Ophthalmology Virtual Externship during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dirani Karim , Tajran Jahan , Tur Komalpreet , Craig Annmarie , Freedman Ryan L. , Uddin Niyaz , Kim Chaesik , Ross Bing X. , Juzych Mark S. , Goyal Anju
Published: December 2023

Background The evolution of medical school curricula, characterized by truncated preclinical periods and reduced emphasis on ophthalmology, presents formidable obstacles to early exposure for aspiring medical students. The constraints imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further exacerbated the limitations on opportunities, compelling the implementation of innovative initiatives aimed at augmenting students' ophthalmology education through virtual means.

Purpose This article assesses the impact of an Ophthalmology Virtual Externship (OVE) on medical students' knowledge, interest, confidence, and seeking mentorship in ophthalmology.

Materials and Methods A total of 76 students voluntarily participated in the program. The OVE encompassed four virtual sessions, facilitated by 4th year medical students employing a near-peer mentorship framework. The initiative was tailored for 2nd and 3rd year medical students and was conducted under the supervision of a faculty member. All participating students completed both pre- and postexternship surveys utilizing a 7-point Likert scale to gauge their levels of interest, confidence, and inclination toward mentorship opportunities in the field of ophthalmology. Furthermore, assessments of ophthalmology knowledge were administered prior to and subsequent to the externship participation. The degree of satisfaction derived from the OVE experience was also evaluated.

Results Participation in the OVE significantly elevated confidence in knowledge (p < 0.001) and mentorship interest (p = 0.029). Ophthalmology knowledge test scores also notably improved post-OVE across all participants, irrespective of prior experience (p < 0.001), with the most significant increase observed among 2nd and 3rd year students (p < 0.0001). After OVE participation, 73% of students expressed intent to pursue ophthalmology opportunities, including mentorship or research. The OVE received an average Likert score of 6.35 out of 7 for student satisfaction.

Conclusion The OVE serves as a virtual learning instrument beneficial for 2nd and 3rd year students with a proclivity for ophthalmology, offering a means to circumvent curriculum-related constraints. Moreover, given the decline in formal ophthalmic education, our study contributes to future research assessing the effectiveness of an OVE in addressing ophthalmic knowledge gaps among all medical students.
Probability distribution of dependency distance and dependency type in translational language
Authors: Fan Lu , Jiang Yue
Published: December 2023

As a “third code”, translational language attracts considerable attention in linguistics research due to its distinctive features. Adopting the quantitative linguistic approach, the current study examines its features by investigating the mean dependency distance (MDD), as well as the probability distribution of the individual dependency distances (DDs) and distribution of a high-frequency dependency type in translational language. The MDD and the distributions were tested in a self-built corpus which contains parallel and comparable language materials in both Chinese-English and English-Chinese translations. The results show that: (1) compared with source texts and native texts, translated texts in both translation directions yield an MDD in between; (2) both the distribution of DDs and that of the dependency type nsubj follow the Zipf-Alekseev distribution in translated texts, as in source texts and native texts; (3) the in-between feature is further confirmed by parameters a and b in Chinese-English translation materials when fitting the distribution of DDs to Zipf-Alekseev distribution; (4) translational texts in both directions show higher a and lower b than their source and native texts when fitting the DD Distribution of dependency type nsubj to Zipf-Alekseev distribution. These findings suggest that, on the one hand, dependency distance minimization (DDM) occurs in translational language, which is consistent with native language and reflects a general tendency of natural languages to reduce cognitive load; on the other hand, translational language presents distinctive feature in nsubj type, but in most cases, it is subject to the gravitational pull of both source and target language systems, exhibiting a “compromise” feature in between. The current study highlights the contribution of syntactic quantitative methods to deeper understanding of the complexity of translational language and its cognitive underpinnings.
Nonlinear phenomena in vibrations of embedded carbon nanotubes conveying viscous fluid
Authors: Ebrahimi Reza
Published: December 2023

Various nonlinear phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos in the responses of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are recognized as being major contributors to the inaccuracy and instability of nanoscale mechanical systems. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to predict the nonlinear dynamic behavior of a CNT conveying viscous fluid and supported on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The proposed model is based on nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The Galerkin method and perturbation analysis are used to discretize the partial differential equation of motion and obtain the frequency-response equation, respectively. A detailed parametric study is reported into how the nonlocal parameter, foundation coefficients, fluid viscosity, and amplitude and frequency of the external force influence the nonlinear dynamics of the system. Subharmonic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors and hardening nonlinearity are revealed by means of the vibration time histories, frequency-response curves, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, power spectra, and Poincaré maps. Also, the results show that it is possible to eliminate irregular motion in the whole range of external force amplitude by selecting appropriate parameters.
Contactless measurements of salt-enhanced nonionic micelle-induced depletion forces by optical tweezers
Authors: Liao Junjie , Liu Shuai , Li Ning , Huang Ju , Fan Haiming , Fang Shenwen , Duan Ming
Published: December 2023

Previous studies have found that ionic surfactant micelles can induce depletion forces between oil droplets, whereas the depletion forces induced by nonionic surfactant micelles cannot be measured. Nonionic surfactants are usually mixed with ionic surfactants to induce depletion forces. Here, we report that mixing of nonionic polymer micelles and inorganic salt is also an effective method for inducing depletion between oil droplets. Optical tweezers are used to measure the interaction forces between oil droplets in the aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene–polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene nonionic polymer. Without salts, there is no depletion force between oil droplets regardless of whether the concentration of polymer is above or below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). This result is consistent with literature that the oil drops adsorbed by the nonionic polymers were stable against coalescence. However, the depletion force between oil droplets generates when NaCl is added, and the concentration of Pluronic F127 is above or equal to the CMC. This suggests that salts can enhance the depletion force induced by nonionic polymer micelles. These findings have significant implications for the stability of emulsions in the food, oilfield, and medicine industries.
Systems of second order differential equations as auto-parallel equations
Authors: Maraner Paolo
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear connections and associated horizontal Berwald-type connections whose auto-parallel equations coincide with an arbitrary system of second order differential equations analytic in the velocities are constructed explicitly. For autonomous Lagrangian systems the nonlinear connection can be chosen in such a way that the horizontal derivative of the conserved Hamiltonian vanishes identically. For natural Lagrangian systems this connection is equivalent to the Levi-Civita connection of the associated Jacobi metric. The connection constructed from the Euler-Lagrange equations of a particle in an electromagnetic and gravitational background naturally provides a unified geometrical description of classical fundamental interactions.