bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The reform of ideological and political education in China’s higher education based on hierarchy of needs theory
Authors: Xiao Han
Published: January 2024

According to the special ideological characteristics of the special group of college students, guided by Maslowfs hierarchy of needs theory, this paper expounds the contents and methods of IPE for college students, and strives to provide scientific and powerful value reference for the efficient and high-quality completion of IPE for college students.
Balkan railways as a geopolitical factor (1878–1914)
Authors: Iskenderov Petr
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the geopolitical role of the railways in the Balkans at the beginning of the 20th century. The author analyzes the plans of the great powers as well as the Balkan states. The article is based on unpublished archive documents.
Belarusian immigrants in Latin America: Soviet historiography of the problem
Authors: Antoshin Alexey , Moseykina Marina
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of the history of Belarusian immigration to the countries of Latin America. The authors focus on the coverage of this topic in Soviet historical science. The authors show that when analyzing this problem, Soviet historians focused on the factors of departure associated with the living conditions of Belarusians in the Russian Empire and in interwar Poland. Considerable attention was also paid to the participation of Belarusian immigrants in the anti-fascist movement in Argentina and other countries of the continent.
History of the painting courses by Pen Varlen for Chinese students
Authors: Yiran Cao , Sergey Pen , Savelyeva Alena , Cuibai Wang , Xinyuan Tong
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the painting courses by Pen Varlen. The authors are focused on Chinese students.
Ethnic cleansing policy against Turkish-Azerbaijani people
Authors: Nuriyeva Irada
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the Armenians' policy against Turkish-Azerbaijani people. According the author’s opinion it can be classified as “ethnic cleansing“ in order to create “Greater Armenia from sea to sea" The period 1890-1920 is evaluated.
A new structure determination of the magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4· 6H2O) at 100 K
Authors: Volkmann Rebecca , Münchhalfen Marie , Benning Liane
Published: January 2024

The magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is of interest for the recovery of phosphorus from wastewaters and for use as a fertilizer in agriculture, yet its structure is still debated. The structure of synthetic single crystals of struvite was characterized through refinement of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction pattern acquired at 100 K with the positions of all hydrogen atoms being identified through subsequent difference Fourier analyses. We show that the ionic interactions between the Mg2+ and NH4+ cations and the phosphate anions are reinforced by a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds of moderate strength. In contrast to the previously published struvite structure determined at room temperature, the ammonium groups do not rotate but are locked by three hydrogen bonds to neighboring oxygen atoms. It is likely that the rotation of the NH4+ groups that occurs when approaching room temperature plays an essential role in the known decomposition of struvite to newberyite (MgHPO4·3H2O), ammonia, and water.
The Effects of Characteristic Slip Distance on Earthquake Nucleation Styles in Fully Dynamic Seismic Cycle Simulations
Authors: Zhai Peng , Huang Yihe
Published: January 2024

Earthquake nucleation is a crucial preparation process of the following coseismic rupture propagation. Under the framework of rate-and-state friction (RSF), it was found that the ratios of a to b parameters control whether earthquakes nucleate as an expanding crack or a fixed length. However, the characteristic slip distance DRS controls the weakening efficiency of fault strength and can influence the nucleation styles as well. Here we investigate the effects of DRS on nucleation styles in the context of fully dynamic seismic cycles by evaluating the evolution of the nucleation zone quantitatively when it accelerates from the tectonic loading rate to seismic slip velocity. A larger a/b (>0.75) is needed to produce expanding crack nucleation styles for relatively small DRS, which suggests that fixed length nucleation styles may dominate on natural and laboratory faults. Furthermore, we find that when the nucleation site is not in the center of the asperity, the constant weakening rate near 1 induces a more complex nucleation style. We also identify two special nucleation styles: one containing a temporary acceleration phase (foreshock-like) and the other including a failed acceleration phase (twin-like). We conclude that the earthquake nucleation style is strongly controlled by the value of DRS. Future research needs to be cautious when selecting a few representative DRS to study earthquake nucleation as well as foreshock activities. The possible dominance of fixed length nucleation styles also suggests that the minimum size of earthquake rupture may be estimated at the early stage of the nucleation phase.
Relative importance analysis for count regression models
Authors: Luchman Joseph Nicholas
Published: January 2024

Count variables are common in organizational science as an outcome. Count regression models (CRMs), such as Poisson regression, are recommended as methods to analyze count variables but can be challenging to interpret given their non-linear functional form. I recommend relative importance analysis as a method to use in interpreting CRM results. This work extends on past research by describing an approach to determining the importance of independent variables in CRMs using dominance analysis (DA). In this manuscript, I review DA as a relative importance method, recommend an R2 to use with CRM-based DA, and outline the results of an analysis with simulated data that uses the recommended methodology. I also discuss the effect of differential exposure to the count generating probability across observations on count outcomes, how to correct for differential exposure, and the effect of differential exposure on relative importance determination. This work contributes to the literature by extending DA to CRMs, discussing the impact of differential exposure on CRM-based relative importance, and providing thoroughly documented example analysis that researchers can use to implementing themethodology in their research.
The effect of reward value on the performance of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in a delay of gratification exchange task
Authors: Stolla Judit , Keupp Stefanie
Published: January 2024

In the context of a global research initiative called ManyPrimates, scientists from around the world collaborated to collect data aimed at comparing the ability of various primate species to delay gratification. Our contribution to this project involved collecting data from long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Our findings indicated that these macaques rarely opted to exchange a given food item for a larger food reward at a later time. However, we suspected that the experimental protocol might not accurately capture the macaques' true capacity to delay gratification. Specifically, we hypothesized that when the macaques possessed a highly desirable food item, it might discourage their engagement in any form of participation in a food exchange task or a delay of gratification paradigm. To explore whether this potential mental block was affecting their performance more than their actual delay of gratification skills, we conducted experiments on six long-tailed macaques under two different conditions. In these conditions, we examined how the value of the exchange item influenced the frequency of exchanges. In one condition, subjects received a high-value food item, while in the other, they received a low-value food item, both of which could be exchanged for three high-value food items. Our results revealed that the macaques were more inclined to exchange low-value food items than high-value ones across three different delay periods. Furthermore, the likelihood of an exchange decreased as the delay period increased. Remarkably, when we reduced the value of the exchange item, the long-tailed macaques displayed significantly improved abilities to delay gratification within the exchange task. These findings strongly suggest that the possession of a high-value item significantly contributed to the lower performance of these monkeys in the original delay of gratification exchange protocol.
On the role of behavioural modes during temporally extended decision making and their neural substrates
Authors: Scholl Jacqueline , Kolling Nils
Published: January 2024

Everyday decision making is broader than the types commonly studied in the laboratory. E.g. food preference or gambling tasks lack many essential elements of decisions frequently faced by animals and humans alike. Those often require self-organization and temporally extended behaviours, resulting in sequential dependencies, a need to adjust for changing environments and an ability to balance behavioural flexibility with consistent decision-making strategies. Here we highlight how behavioural modes help achieve adaptive decision making and distinguish between different sequential behaviours, reasons for changing mode, and mechanisms for mode shifts and maintenance. We highlight the potential role of emotions as a mechanism for mode changes and an ability to prioritize different behavioural strategies. We suggest changes in experimental design and analyses that could help understand brain and behaviour in more self-organized contexts which will be crucial for a better understanding of real-world decision making and prefrontal cortex function.
Neural signatures of reduced serial dependence in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia
Authors: Stein Heike , Barbosa Joao , Soldevilla Diego Lozano , Rosa-Justicia Mireia , Morató Alba , Galan-Gadea Adrià , Prades Laia , Muñoz-Lopetegui Amaia , Ariño Helena , Martinez-Hernandez Eugenia , Guasp Mar , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Dalmau Josep , Santamaria Joan , Compte Albert
Published: January 2024

Serial dependence, a behavioral phenomenon where information from previous trials biases current trial reports, is pervasive in working memory tasks. There is growing interest in its mechanisms, and recent work has shown that individuals with schizophrenia and anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis exhibit reduced serial dependence in simple delayed-response tasks. Modeling and experimental evidence suggest that serial dependence stems from the interplay between persistent neural activity and short-term synaptic plasticity in cortical circuits, with neural reactivations in between trials increasing serial dependence. A computational model that implements this hypothesis showed that a reduction in short-term plasticity, potentially due to NMDAR dysfunction, can replicate the observed reduction of serial dependence in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia, compared with healthy subjects. Yet, its neurophysiological predictions remain untested. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to test if these patient groups have reduced neural reactivations, as the model predicts. Our findings confirm the absence of memory reactivations in schizophrenia and anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We show that this result does not depend on motor-related activity. Further, while memory codes are specifically impaired in these patients, the perceptual component of the code is as robust as in healthy participants. Overall, we report empirical evidence supporting a mechanistic model of serial dependence, which links reduced neural reactivations with diminished serial dependence in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Effect of secondary compounds on nutrients utilization and productivity of ruminant animals: A review
Authors:   Department of Animal Production and Technology, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia., Ebrahim Hussen , Negussie Fasil ,   Department of Animal Production and Technology, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2024

Plants produce secondary compounds (include tannins, saponins, flavoids, glucosinolates, mimosine and essential oils) which are not used for their growth, development and reproduction of the plant. The review found out the nutrient utilization and productivity performance of ruminant animals supplementing with secondary compounds containing forages, browse species, shrubs, grains, legumes and others. Secondary compounds influence the digestibility, dry matter intake and absorption of nutrients in ruminant’s nutrition. Their dose determines whether they are enhancers or detrimental. Tannins, saponins and essential oils are the major secondary compounds which may improve the health, average live weight gain and milk and wool production. Moreover, ruminant animals consuming secondary compound containing forages support the efficient utilization of energy while reducing the rumen gas production which results in low methane. The main problem of supplementing such kind of forages is the absence of consistent recommended dose. Therefore, this area needs to get more attention and further research should be done to establish much more profitable farm and to boost the economic value of ruminant animals.
Land size and landlessness as connotations for food security in rural low-income farmers: A case of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Dilla University, Dilla Ethiopia., Wolde Zinabu , Tadesse Tekalegn ,   Gedeo Zone administrations, Southern Ethiopia., Tadesse Tegegn ,   Gedeo Zone administrations, Southern Ethiopia., Biru Amanuel ,   Gedeo Zone administrations, Southern Ethiopia., Abebe Wogene ,   Gedeo Zone administrations, Southern Ethiopia.
Published: January 2024

Food insecurity and rural vulnerability is a major problem for landless and low-income farmers. However, identifying the main causes and consequence of food insecurity in rural low-income farmers is not very well understood by policy makers to design and implement more effective policies and programs to seek solution. The study examines the cause and consequences of food insecurity for rural low-income farmers. Analytical tools used include descriptive statistics and causal-chain analysis connecting problems on the local level with regional dimensions. The study revealed that households in the area were vulnerable to food insecurity primarily due to landless and land fragmentation. The result of survey indicates that from the sampled 468 households, 32.1, 14.98 and 52.89% are landless, have land <0.1 ha and 0.1 to 0.5 ha respectively which is a critical factor for food insecurity and rural vulnerability of the area. Besides, population density, low income, lack of education, access to health is also responsible factor for rural vulnerability. Based on the result of this study 47, 26, 14 and 13% of children and lactating mothers, disabled, landless and elders respectively were the most vulnerable group to food insecurity in the area. It is also confirmed that poverty (69.4%: p<0.001) is one of the major social aspect for food insecurity. Household food security should be improved in the region by focusing on education, creation of income generating opportunities, livestock and accesses to different productive assets affecting low income and food insecurity. The findings also imply that even though Ethiopian agricultural strategy has ambitious policy commitment, the agricultural extension problem has not been solved. To address this, Ethiopia has to invest in national level collective agricultural research and development, timely access to high quality agricultural inputs with optimum price, intensive irrigated agriculture, and expanded knowledge dissemination network to smallholder farmers.
Effects of multilocation on intra-row spacing and nitrogen rate on growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) in North Eastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria., Tyoakoso M. M. , Toungos M. D. ,   Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria., Babayola M. ,   Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University, Mubi, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Field experiments were conducted in 2015 rainy season at Teaching and Research Farms of Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola and Department of Crop Science, Taraba State College of Agriculture, Jalingo to investigate the effect of multilocation on intra-row spacing and nitrogen rates on the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) in Northern Nigeria. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with three replications and three nitrogen rate, 20, 25 and 30 kgNha-1 as main plot treatment while four intra-row spacing, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm as the sub plot treatment. The sub plot size was 3 m x 2 m (6 m2). The nitrogen rate doses were applied a week after emergence of the seedlings. Data collected were, percentage seedlings emergence, number of leaves per plant, number of branches plant, plant height, number of nodules per plant, number of effective nodules per plant, number of non-effective nodules per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield per plot and grain yield per ha. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that nitrogen rate applied had no significant influence on growth and yield characters in both trial locations. However, significant influence was recorded of intra-row spacing on number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant at 6 WAS at Jalingo trial location with the mean values of 48.24 at 35 cm and 16.80 at 35 cm respectively. Intra-row spacing, 25 cm gave the highest mean number (3.14) of non-effective nodules per plant at 30 DAS at Yola trial location while at Jalingo, 25 cm gave the highest number of days to 50% flowering. The result of the interaction revealed that there were significant interaction between Nitrogen rates and intra-row spacing on the number of leaves at 3 WAS at Jalingo location, 6 WAS at both locations, number of nodules and number of non-effective nodules at 30 DAS at Yola trial location. It is recommended that nitrogen rate of 20 kgNha-1 and intra-row spacing of 35 cm be adopted in the study areas for higher yield to the farmers.
Demonstrating the efficacy of existing yam technologies in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana
Authors:   Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio-Geosciences 2, Plant Sciences, Germany., Frimpong Felix , Owusu Danquah Eric ,   Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785 Kumasi, Ghana; Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA., Aidoo Atta Kwesi ,   Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785 Kumasi, Ghana., Ennin Stella Ama ,   Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute, P. O. Box 3785 Kumasi, Ghana., Asumadu Henry ,   International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria., Maroya Norbert ,   International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Improved technologies (row planting, ridging, seed treatment, weed management, fertilizer application) with a proven record of sustained productivity for yam production are imperative for food security. This study promotes the efficacy of these existing improved agronomic practices using a farmer-based participatory approach in some selected major yam-growing areas in the forest–savannah transition zone of Ghana. The improved agronomic practice treatment included use of ridging as seedbed, seed treatment before planting, fertilizer application at a rate of 30:30:36 N:P2O5: K2O kg/ha plus 15 kg/ha Mg and 20 kg/ha S as MgSO4 and the use of minimum stakes (trellis; 30-50% fewer stakes used by farmers). This was compared with farmers’ practice, which consisted of mounding, no fertilizer application, and no seed treatment. A significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher yam yields (more than 60%) were observed for the improved agronomic practice over the farmers’ practice at Ejura, Atebubu, and Kintampo which are major yam-growing communities of Ghana. Sensory evaluation showed that the culinary quality of fertilized yam was as good as unfertilized yam. The contribution of existing improved yam production practices in the selected yam communities of Ghana was quantified in terms of their productivity and economic benefit to smallholder farmers.
Effect of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and wounding on rooting ability and vegetative characteristics of apple rootstock cuttings under Nepal conditions
Authors:   Department of Agri-Economics and Agribusiness Management, Agriculture and Forestry University,  Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal., Upadhayay Prem Krishna , Kharal Sudarshan ,   Department of Horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal., Shrestha Bishal ,   Department of Horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.
Published: January 2024

Use of seedling rootstocks is widespread in Jumla and research on the evaluation of clonal rootstocks for propagation has still not started. Study on the concentration of IBA and wounding effect in cuttings is also deficit. Therefore, this investigation was carried out in the Hi-tech Greenhouse of Kalika nursery in Jumla, Nepal from February to July, 2018 to investigate the rooting response of MM111 apple rootstock to wounding (with or without) and various Indole-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentrations (0, 2000, 2500 and 3000 ppm). The experiment was laid out in a factorial Complete Randomized Design by preparing cuttings of 20 cm length and 5 to 10 mm diameter and planting them in rooting media made by mixing perlite, cocopeat, forest soil and vermicompost in 1:1:1:1 ratio after 15 second of quick dip in IBA solution. All the rooting and vegetative parameters were significantly affected by different concentration of IBA solution and wounding. The results revealed minimum number of days to first sprouting (15.50), highest rooting percentage (68.52%), highest number of roots per cutting (23.11), highest length of the longest root (22.83 cm), maximum diameter of main sprout (2.92 mm), maximum number of leaves at 86 DAT(20.06), 93 DAT(22.50) and 100 DAT(30.17) in the cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm. Increasing the IBA concentration beyond 2000 ppm produced negative effects. Similarly, wounding resulted in better root and shoot parameters of cuttings than with no wounding. The rooting percentage (57.4%), number of roots per cutting (21.83), length of the longest root (20.96 cm), diameter of the main sprout (2.66 mm) were significantly higher in wounded cuttings which also recorded the lower days for first sprouting. The interaction effect was significant (p<0.01) only on the rooting percentage while all other parameters were non-significant. The results indicated that 2000 ppm IBA with basal wounding perform better than other treatments.
Nigeria Agriculture supply chain for digital intervention: Some mitigation strategies
Authors:   National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Kwara State, Nigeria., Abdulsalam Abdulwaheed
Published: January 2024

Supply chain management has played a very important role in improving organizational effectiveness at every possible level. The supplies of products from farm gate to retail level constitute the supply chain management. The consumer demand for variety, quality, and year round availability that has provided the stimulus for the formation of these chains. For Nigeria to move closer to unlocking its full agriculture potential, the value chain have to be identified, mapped, prioritized and digitized. The findings reveal that Information technology (IT) play an overwhelming role to put together and streamline the supply chains and supply chain management in full. This supply chain also requires a continuous cold chain during various steps along its network. Currently, technologies like RFID, GPS, Data recorder, Blockchain are used with Information technology (IT) mainly in tracking and tracing the products right from the field to the consumer. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various technologies and their applications in the agricultural sector and to show how those technologies can impact supply-chain management.
A comparative effect of legume-based cropping association on the productivity of Manihot esculenta Crantz in the forest and savanna zones of the Central African Republic
Authors:   Plant and Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui, Central African Republic, Gougodo De Mon-Zoni L. J. ,   Central African Institute for Agricultural Research (ICRA), Bangui, Central African Republic., Kosh-Komba E. ,   Plant and Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui, Central African Republic; Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui, Central African Republic., Salako V. K. ,   Laboratory of Biomathematics and Forest Estimations, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin., Zaman M. ,   International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria., Batawila K. ,   Laboratory of Botanical and Ecological Plant, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo., Akpagana K. ,   Laboratory of Botanical and Ecological Plant, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo.
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study, conducted under integrated management in forest and savanna zones, is to improve cassava yields in rural areas of the Central African Republic using a comparative approach. The study design is a randomized block design with eight treatments (0 to 7) and four randomized replications, comprising 32 elementary plots. The different doses of PK or NPK fertilizers and/or those associated with legumes (0-0-0, legumes, legumes-30-180, legumes-90-30-180 and 90-30-180) were tested in the districts of Damara and Pissa. The trial was conducted over one agricultural season. The analyses were done using R software version 4.1.0 and Excel 2010. The results show that the doses of 90 kg.ha-1 of Nitrogen, 30 kg.ha-1 of Phosphorus and 180 kg.ha-1 of Potassium gave good productions in fresh roots at the scale of the two localities with average yields of 60 t. ha-1 (T3: cassava + groundnut + NPK) compared to 29 t.ha-1 (T0: cassava) in the forest zone and 37 t.ha-1 (T3: cassava + groundnut + NPK) compared to 23 t.ha-1 (T0: cassava) in the savanna zone. Economically, after the sale in pods, the cassava + legume treatments (T1: cassava + groundnut with a profit of 765,000 F CFA in the forest and 435,455 F CFA in the savanna and T4: cassava + cowpea with a profit of 78,725 F CFA in the forest and 265,000 F CFA in the savanna) are profitable for the farmer-producers in the study area. The use of the results of this study in rural areas of the Central African Republic can improve the production of fresh roots and pods. In any case, a study on spatial arrangements in cropping associations (strip cropping, intercropping) can be envisaged in order to better manage the soil and optimize production in rural areas.
Effects of field spray of selected botanicals on management of Phytophthora colocasiae induced taro cultivars cormels myco storage rots in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Technology, Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo, Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria., Omeje T. E. , Ugwuoke K. I. ,   Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria., Eze S. C. ,   Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria.
Published: January 2024

Anti-myco pathogenic effect of field spray of botanical extract from neem (Azadirachta indica), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) and siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) against Phytophthora leaf blight disease of taro cultivars at weekly spray intervals were determined in vitro on growth of post-harvest myco pathogens of stored taro cultivars cormels. The storage, isolation and identification of the isolates were done at the Department of Crop Science Taro barn and Plant Pathology Unit, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Results showed that the following fungal isolates were identified; Botryodiplodia theobromae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digitalium and Trichoderma viride with Botryodiplodia theohromae being the most occurred among the pathogens in all taro stored samples. The inhibitory potential of extracts varied with cultivars and pathogens. The percentage (%) of occurrence of isolates was highest in the coco India cultivar with no treatment, while the least was in purple green taro/Nachi cultivar with Ridomil gold treated samples. However, all botanicals proved effective in reducing post-harvest rot organisms compared to control in all samples. The fungitoxic potential of field sprays of botanicals against myco-rot pathogens of stored taro cultivars cormels is highly recommended to farmers as alternative natural fungicides to common potential health danger synthetic commercial fungicides.
Development of a sports injury aid and treatment handbook for high school students
Authors: Helmi Boby , Aditya Rinaldi , Lusiana Lusiana
Published: January 2024

(English)This research aims to create a pocketbook for students that focuses on Sports Injury Relief and Treatment in schools. This study is development research based on the Borg and Gall design involving four validators: user lecturers, therapists, massage experts, and media experts. Small scale trial with four students and a large scale with 25 students. The data collected for this research was collected through implementation tests and expert assessments carried out through questionnaires, as well as competency tests carried out through descriptive data analysis. Researchers used 8 out of 10 steps, namely identification of potential and problems, collection of materials, product design, product creation, validation by material experts and media experts, product revision, final product, and limited trials. The subjects in this research were class XI students at Tunas Pelita High School, Binjai City. Small group trials showed that this pocketbook was quite adequate with material at 60%, language readability at 50%, and presentation of the book at 55%. Large group trials showed that this pocketbook was feasible with the material at 87%, language readability at 91%, presentation of the book at 90%, and appearance of the book at 91%. Overall, this paperback is considered decent(Indonesian)Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat buku saku bagi siswa yang berfokus pada Pertolongan dan Perawatan Cedera Olahraga di sekolah. Studi ini adalah penelitian pengembangan berdasarkan desain Borg and Gall yang melibatkan empat validator: dosen pengguna, ahli terapi, ahli massage, dan ahli media. Uji coba skala kecil dengan empat siswa dan skala besar dengan 25 siswa. Data yang dikumpulkan untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui uji pelaksanaan dan penilaian ahli yang dilakukan melalui lembar kuesioner, serta uji kompetensi yang dilakukan melalui analisis data deskriptif. Peneliti menggunakan 8 dari 10 langkah yaitu identifikasi potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan bahan, desain produk, pembuatan produk, validasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media, revisi produk, produk akhir, serta uji coba terbatas. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Tunas Pelita Kota Binjai. Uji coba kelompok kecil menunjukkan bahwa buku saku ini Cukup layak dengan segi materi sebesar 60%, keterbacaan bahasa sebesar 50%, dan penyajian buku sebesar 55%. Uji coba kelompok besar menunjukkan bahwa buku saku ini layak dengan segi materi sebesar 87%, keterbacaan bahasa sebesar 91%, penyajian buku sebesar 90%, dan tampilan buku sebesar 91%. Secara keseluruhan, buku saku ini dianggap layakCopyright © The Author (s) 2023Journal of Sport Education (JOPE) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Using Rhizhopora apiculata Extract for Mosquito Larvae Control
Authors: Sanjaya Sony , Effendi Irwan , Nursyirwani Nursyirwani
Published: January 2024

Temephos is the most commonly used synthetic larvicide to control vectors of several diseases. Currently in some areas there has been resistance of larvae to temephos, so natural larvicides are needed as an alternative. Rhizophora apiculata contains flavonoid compounds that are respiratory toxins to some larvae. This research was conducted in March - Juny 2022, to determine the inhibitory of mangrove extract against mosquito larvae in brackish water. Samples were collected from the Bakar Bakau Dumai, Riau Indonesia. The experiment was setted in a single factor experimental design. Mangrove leaves are finely ground and kneaded while mixed with water and deposited for 6 minutes and filtered. This extract solution was mixed with brackish water to obtain a test medium of 500 l with a concentration of 6 (a1), 9 (a2) and 12% (a3), positive control or 1 g of abate powder (a4) and negative control or brackish water (a0). A total of 20 mosquito larvae were put into the media and their mortality was observed at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after introduction. The mortality of larvae were then analyzed using probit analysis to obtain LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) and LT50 (Lethal Time 50) values. R. apiculata extract is toxic to mosquito larvae, where larval death has been seen since 15 minutes and continues until 60 minutes after introduction. At the 60th minute the mortality rate is as follows; a1 (60 %), a2 (80 %), a3 (100 %), a4 (100 %), and a0 a1 ( %). Based on the results of the above probit values ​​in the LC50 and LT50 tests on R. apiculata leaves, the LC50 value is 9,732 while the LT50 value is estimated at 21,217.
Composition of Fishing Gear Pengerih at Day and Night in Meskom Village, Bengkalis District
Authors: Agustin Dian , Bustari Bustari , Yani Alit Hindri
Published: January 2024

Pengerih is one of the trapping gears used by fishermen in Meskom Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the catch of Pengerih including the type and weight of fish caught during the day and night. This research was conducted in September 2022 in Meskom Village, Bengkalis Regency. The method used in this research is the survey method. The analysis used is by calculating the level of main catch and bycatch using the formulation of Akiyama. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the catch of curler gear was 9 types with a total catch of 5.030 fish with a total weight of 51,08 kg. The dominant types of catch during the study were red shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) 1.272 fish weighing 10,64 kg, striped shrimp (Parapenaeopsis sculptilis) 1,158 fish weighing 9,71 kg, white shrimp (Panaeus merguiensis) 1,115 fish weighing 9,34 kg, thorn shrimp (Panulirus sp) 883 fish weighing 7,34 kg, Moustached thryssa (Engraulis mystax) 302 fish 3,84 kg. While the bycatch consisted of print shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) 39 fish weighing 1,46 kg, Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) 75 fish weighing 5,42 kg, Panna croaker (Otolithoides microdon) 93 fish weighing 1,46 kg, Shorthead hairfin anchovy  (Setipinna breviceps) 93 fish and weighing 1.87 kg. If you look at the results of the catch more tend to be a lot of catches at night 2.813 fish weigh 28.84 while during the day 2.217 fish weigh 22.24 kg.
Fishery Harbor Needs Analysis for Fishery Vessel Activities in Ocean Bungus Fishery, West Sumatra Province
Authors: Bamesyah Azandy , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Brown Arthur
Published: January 2024

Besar kecilnya kolam pelabuhan akan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah kapal yang akan berlabuh. Tujuan penelian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besar kebutuhan kolam pelabuhan dan mengetahui kedalaman kolam pelabuhan yang dibutuhkan untuk kelancaran aktivitas di PPS Bungus. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara langsung kelapangan, untuk melihat jumlah kapal yang maksimum berlabuh, luas kolam pelabuhan (m2), kedalaman kolam pelabuhan (m), data lebar, panjang dan kedalaman kapal terbesar (m), pasang surut maksimum didalam kolam pelabuhan (m), dan squat atau tinggi angkutan kapal yang melaju (m). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kolam pelabuhan yang ada sekarang tidak mampu lagi menampung semua kapal yang berlabuh. Luas kolam pelabuhan saat ini sebesar 40.000 m2 dengan jumlah kapal sebanyak 348 unit, membutuhkan luasan kolam sebesar 458.762,06 m2. Kedalaman kolam pelabuhan rata-rata saat ini mencapai 2,75 m, dan sudah aman bagi kapal-kapal untuk berlabuh di dalam kolam pelabuhan.
भाषा सिकाइ क्षमतामा विद्यालय प्रकृति प्रभाव {Effects of school nature on language learning ability}
Authors: भट्ट Bhatta महेश प्रसाद Mahesh Prasad , पोखरेल Pokhrel कृष्ण प्रसाद Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2024

भाषाको बोध तथा अभिव्यक्ति क्षमतामा पाइने दक्षताको स्तर नै भाषा सिकाइ उपलब्धि हो । यसको मापनका निम्ति पाठ्यक्रमले तोकेका मापदण्डको अनुप्रयोग गरिन्छ । भाषा सिकाइका विविध प्रभावकमध्ये विद्यालय प्रकृतिलाई पनि महत्वपूर्ण प्रभावक मानिन्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा भाषासिकाइ क्षमतामा विद्यालय प्रकृतिको प्रभाव पहिचान गरिएको छ । यसमा सामुदायिक र संस्थागत विद्यालयमा कक्षा नौमा अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थीहरूको भाषा सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा विद्यालय प्रकृतिले पार्ने प्रभावको तुलना गरिएको छ । यसको उद्देश्य विद्यालय प्रकृतिका आधारमा विद्यार्थीको भाषा सिकाइ उपलब्धि क्षमताको तुलना गर्नु रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत लेख परिमाणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचामा आधारित छ । यसमा बहुक्रमिक नमुना छनोट विधिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा स्थलीय अध्ययन विधिको अनुप्रयोग गरी सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा विद्यार्थीहरूको भाषा सिकाइ क्षमता परीक्षणका लागि जम्मा १६ पूर्णाङ्कको प्रश्नावली तयार पारी परीक्षण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट संस्थागत विद्यालयभन्दा सामुदायिक विद्यालयका विद्यार्थीको सिकाइ उपलब्धि राम्रो रहेको तथ्य प्राप्त भएको छ ।
Trend Analysis of Inflation and its Relationship with Economic Growth of Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Hari Prasad , Pradhan Bijay Lal
Published: January 2024

Background: The price level and its growth, inflation, is an important economic indicator. Inflation can be defined as the persistent rise in the general price level across the economy over time. Inflation is an increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods resulting in a substantial and continuing rise in the general price level. Inflation is everywhere and is interestingly touchy issue in macroeconomics.Methods: This research is cross-sectional and analytical and is completely based on secondary data to examine the trend and impact of inflation on economic growth rate of Nepal. To find the relationship between inflation, GDP, growth rate, money supply, CPI correlation matrix and multiple regression model were used.Results: Globally the inflation rate of emerging and developing economies is projected to decline by 0.2 percentage points to 4.9 percent in 2021 from 5.1 percent in 2020. In 2021, among the South Asian countries Pakistan is expected to have the highest inflation and Maldives the lowest. The average inflation rate of Nepal during 2015 to 2020 was 6.1 percent. There is fluctuation in annual inflation rate. The trend of GDP and CPI index of Nepal is in increasing order. There is negative correlation between GDP and Inflation while positive correlation of GDP with growth rate, CPI, Money supply.Conclusions: It is very important that inflation be controlled in order to address poverty as well as economic growth. It can safely be concluded that policies that stabilizes the inflation to the certain threshold level matters for the long run economic growth
Children Ever Born and its Associated Factors of Women in Tansen Municipality of Palpa District Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Keshav Raj , Ghimire Kalpana , Upadhyay Hari Prasad , Pachhai Deepak Bahadur , Karki Supendra
Published: January 2024

Background: Fertility refers to a couple’s, individuals, groups or population’s ability to bear children. It primarily affects women in the reproductive age range of 15 to 49 years. Fertility is one of the most important factors influencing population change in practically all countries. This study is aimed to determine the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence fertility in women in Tansen Municipality. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 144 married women of Tansen municipality using primary. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. In descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, pie-chart, bar-diagram, and cross-tabulation tools were utilized, while inferential statistics used chi-square test and t-test. Results: The average age of respondent is 29 years with standard deviation 3.72 years. The average age of respondent whose Children ever born (CEB) is less than two (28.61±3.55) is statistically lower than that of having more than two CEB (32.44±4.63), (p-value=0.003). Education (P-value=0.007), and contraceptive/family planning knowledge (p-value=0.041) are factors that contribute to the decreased the number of children ever born to women. The longer duration of age contributes significantly to the rise in CEB. Women with a higher level of education appear to have a key role in reducing the number of CEB. The result of the study shows that the women having high level of knowledge about family planning and contraception use decreases the CEB of the women.Conclusions: Findings show that age, education, and contraceptive/family planning knowledge are all factors that contribute to the increased number of children ever born to women.
Patients’ Participation in Surgical Treatment Decision Making in General Government Hospital of Bharatpur
Authors: Dharel Soni , Pokhrel Jyoti , Upadhyay Hari Prasad , Sedain Prativa
Published: January 2024

Background: Patient participation means involvement of the patient in decision making or expressing their opinions about different treatment methods, which includes sharing information, feelings and signs and accepting and rejecting health team instructions. The study aims to find out the level of patient participation in surgical treatment decision making of admitted patient in general government hospital of Chitwan.Methods: A descriptive cross –sectional research was carried out to assess the level of participation in surgical treatment decision making. Non-probability, purposive sampling technique was used. A set of valid instruments containing 16 item was used to assess the level of participation. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional review Committee of Shree Medical and Technical College (SMTC-IRC 20221206-43). Data were collected and analyzed in statistical package for the social science version. Results: The result of the study shows that maximum respondents 51.8% belonged to age group less or equals to 40 years. Among 226 respondents 58.4% were female and 41.6% were male. Among them, more than half (62.8%) of the respondent had high level of participation and (37.2%) of the respondents had low level of participation.Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate the participation of patient in surgical treatment decision making. These findings may help hospital and concerned authorities to make appropriate policy and take corrective action to increase the level of patient participation in treatment decision making.
Knowledge Regarding Lung Cancer among Adults at Selected Community of Ratnanagar, Chitwan
Authors: Koirala Sushila , Subedi Ranjana , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: January 2024

Background: Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cell in one or both lungs Lung cancer is the 2nd most common cancer worldwide. It is the most common cancer in men and the 2nd most common cancer in women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on “Knowledge regarding Lung Cancer among Adults at Selected Community of Ratnanagar, Chitwan” was carried out to find the level of knowledge regarding lung cancer. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample and the sample size was 101. Data was collected by using semi-structured interview guide. The collected data was entered in SPSS version 22 and analysis was done using descriptive statistics.Results: Findings of the study reveal that among 101 respondents, 58.4% were in the age group of 19-39. Similarly, majority (82.2%) were female. Most of the respondents (92.1%) were Hinduism. Likewise, 64.4% were Janajati. And more than half of the respondents (58.4%) were literate. Majority (74.3%) of the respondents were non-smokers. The study findings summarized the level of knowledge into three categories where nearly half (47.5%) of the respondents had moderate knowledge of lung cancer. Whereas 29.7% had good knowledge and 22.8% had poor knowledge about lung cancer. Conclusions: This study concludes that, though majority of the respondents had moderate and good level of knowledge regarding lung cancer but there is still knowledge gap in some risk factors such as exposure to asbestos and radon gas. So, awareness programmes on lung cancer should be planned and implemented from concerned authority in community setting so that incidence of lung cancers can be reduced to some extent.
Various Types of Lightning Observed in Mountainous Region Recorded from Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Pitri Bhakta
Published: January 2024

Vertical electric fields of lightning, generated by thunderstorms manifest on the rugged terrain in the mountainous vicinity of Kathmandu, Nepal. Diverse forms of lightning occurrences have been meticulously documented from a hill station in Kathmandu spanning a three-year interval, commencing from 2015 through 2017. Throughout this duration, cloud-to-cloud lightning discharges constituted 62.8% of the occurrences, while cloud-to-ground lightning discharges accounted for 20.4%. Additionally, 9.5% of the observed events were characterized as unusual lightning phenomena, and 2.9% were attributed to breakdown events. The elevated hills and tall structures inherent to the mountainous landscape significantly influence lightning activity, contributing to a heightened frequency of ground flashes in contrast to other areas.
Kumaraswamy Uniform Distribution: Model, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Tharu Ramesh Prasad , Dhungana Govinda Prasad , Joshi Ramesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

Three parameters Kumaraswamy Uniform distribution has been derived from the Kumaraswamy family of distribution with uniform distribution, whereis scale parameter, andare the shape parameters. The proposed model is unimodal and negatively skewed, whereas the hazard rate function is bathtub and inverted bathtub shaped. The statistical properties like as, the reliability/survival function, the hazard rate function, the quantile function, the median, and the mode have been derived from the proposed model. The parameters are obtained from the maximum loglikelihood function which is equivalent to the maximum likelihood function. Using real-data analysis, the proposed model is unimodal, and the negatively skewed distribution is well-fitted distribution observed by the P-P plot, estimated CDF with empirical distribution, and KS test value.  Finally, the proposed model is compared to various competitive models available in the literature, and the results revealed that the proposed model performs better than other models in terms of finding the least value of AIC, BIC, CIAC, and HQIC. Hence, the proposed model is an alternative model of lifetime data.