bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation across the Lifespan: Towards a Processual Evolutionary Explanation of Human Development
Authors: Greve Werner
Published: April 2023

This paper argues that the project of a lifespan perspective in developmental psychology has not yet been systematically pursued. Overall, the number of age-specific papers far outweighs the number of lifespan approaches, and even approaches that focus on the lifespan as a whole are often restricted to adulthood. Further, there is a lack of approaches that examine cross-lifespan relationships. However, the lifespan perspective has brought with it a "processual turn" that suggests an examination of developmental regulatory processes that are either operative across the lifespan or develop across the lifespan. Accommodative adjustment of goals and evaluations in response to obstacles, loss, and threat is discussed as an example of such a process. Not only is it prototypical of efficacy and change of developmental regulation across the lifespan, but at the same time it makes clear that stability (e.g., of the self)—as a possible outcome of accommodation—is not an alternative to, but a variant of development. Explaining how accommodative adaptation changes, in turn, requires a broader perspective. For this purpose, an evolutionary approach to developmental psychology is proposed that not only views human development as a product of phylogenesis, but also applies the central concepts of the theory of evolution (adaptation and history) directly to ontogeny. The challenges, conditions, and limitations of such a theoretical application of adaptation to human development are discussed.
Psychische und emotionale Erschöpfung von Fachkräften der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Kahl Yvonne , Bauknecht Jürgen
Published: April 2023

Die psychische und emotionale Erschöpfung von Sozialarbeiter*innen wird längsschnittlich, im Vergleich mit anderen Berufsgruppen und innerhalb der Berufsgruppe im Alters- und Geschlechtsvergleich untersucht. Es zeigt sich eine psychische hohe Erschöpfung im Vergleich aller Beschäftigten, jedoch eine eher geringe psychische Erschöpfung im Vergleich der Sozialberufe, wobei die emotionale Erschöpfung ähnlich hoch ist. Wie in anderen Sozialberufen sind Frauen erschöpfter als Männer und junge Beschäftigte erschöpfter als jene im mittleren oder höheren Alter. Gezeigt werden Belastungsfaktoren der Überforderung und eines geringen Einflusses auf die Arbeitsmenge, sowie Resilienzfaktoren im Vergleich der Berufsgruppen. Hier nehmen Sozialarbeiter*innen im Vergleich aller Berufe eine hohe soziale Unterstützung im Kollegium wahr, während in der Unterstützung durch Vorgesetzte nur durchschnittliche Werte aller Berufsgruppen erreicht werden. Die Sozialarbeiter*innen werden in vier Gruppen kategorisiert, darunter die psychische und emotional besonders wenig sowie die besonders stark belastete Gruppe. Multivariat werden Faktoren ermittelt, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zugehörigkeit zur besonders wenig belasteten Gruppe im Gegensatz zur besonders belasteten Gruppe verändern. Es zeigen sich in einem Modell mit hoher erklärter Varianz positive Effekte durch das Kollegium sowie durch Vorgesetzte und stark negative Effekte durch die qualitative und quantitative Überforderung. Das Gefühl, die eigene Tätigkeit sei wichtig, wirkt schwach negativ und kann nicht als Resilienzfaktor gelten. Die Kombination von hoher Erschöpfung in der jüngsten Gruppe, geringer subjektiver Unterstützung dieser Gruppe durch Kollegium und Vorgesetzte sowie die positive Wirkung dieser Unterstützung auf eine geringe Erschöpfung, legt nahe, dass sowohl die mentale Gesundheit junger Sozialarbeiter*innen sowie die Fachkräftesicherung von einer stärkeren Unterstützung dieser Gruppe profitieren könnte.
Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zone using Multi-criteria Decision-making Technique: A Case Study in the South-western Part of Yadadri Bhuvanagiri District, Telangana, India
Authors: Navitha K. , Madhusudan Rao B. , Sandhya R.
Published: April 2023

Groundwater which occurs beneath the earth’s surface is an important natural resource. The study area, part of Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district, Telangana, which is a part of Musi river basin, is a hard rock terrain covering an area of 1107 sq km, part of the eastern Dharwar craton (EDC) of the southern India peninsular shield. Exploration of groundwater in this terrain is difficult because groundwater is confined to weathered and fractured layers. The present study aims to delineate groundwater potential zones using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique. An integrated application of remote sensing and GIS is very effective in mapping features that provide information about groundwater potential zones using several thematic layers such as geology, soil, geomorphology, slope, lineament density, drainage density, rainfall, and land use/land cover maps. The groundwater potential zones of the study area are classified into five categories, namely very high, high, medium, low, and very low and they occupied an area of 116.8, 381.29, 345.15, 149.70, and 115.42 km2 respectively. The results were validated using discharge data from existing wells in the study area, and the majority of the high-productivity wells are located in very high and high groundwater potential zones. The groundwater potential zone mapping using this model will be a very useful improving the groundwater resources of the study area.
Deriving priority vector from pairwise comparisons matrix with fuzzy elements by solving optimization problem
Authors: Ramík Jaroslav
Published: April 2023

Pairwise comparisons matrix with fuzzy elements (FPCM) are appropriate for the decision makers who are uncertain about the relative importance of elements. We can primarily find them in Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, PROMETHEE, TOPSIS methods, and many exact and heuristic algorithms. They are also useful in aggregating pairwise comparisons, particularly in consensus group decision making problems and they form the basis for many decision-making models as intuitionistic fuzzy relations, pythagorean, q-rung orthopair fuzzy preference relations, hesitant or interval fuzzy sets, and also stochastic judgments. Here, the decision model is formulated by investigating pairwise comparisons matrices (PCMs) with elements from abelian linearly ordered group (alo-group), which enables unifying multiplicative, additive and fuzzy PCMs. Then we define a novel concept of consistency, coherence and intensity of FPCMs, and propose a number of optimization methods for finding a consistent vector, coherent vector and intensity vector of a FPCM satisfying the desirable properties. Finally, two illustrating examples are discussed.
Paleopopulations and ecological connectivity in the Natura 2000 Network: proposal for the serpentine-soil Spanish firs of Sierra Bermeja (Serranía de Ronda)
Authors: Gómez-Zotano José , Pardo-Martínez Rubén , Olmedo-Cobo José Antonio
Published: April 2023

One of the conservation priorities of the Natura 2000 Network is the ecological connectivity of forests and species of community interest to facilitate compliance with the obligations of the EU Habitats Directive. The location of paleo-populations and past distribution areas is a first step towards creating an ecological corridor which, with the protection enjoyed by Special Areas of Conservation, could positively impact the resilience of forest species in the face of Climate Change. The endangered relict forests of Spanish fir (Abies pinsapo) are endemic in the Serranía de Ronda (Baetic Cordillera, Southern Spain) and form a highly fragmented habitat of community interest. Amongst these forests, the Spanish fir forests that grow on serpentine soils are particularly interesting. This ultramafic mountain range has suffered the highest recurrence of forest fires in all the Serranía de Ronda, and as a result, the Spanish fir forests have been subject to processes of local extinction throughout history. In this research, we used pedoanthracology to uncover ancient locations of Abies pinsapo; in this way, forest fires are the main cause of the disappearance of this emblematic species in Sierra Bermeja, and their charcoal remains allowed us to make a precise reconstruction of its past distribution area. On the basis of the data obtained, an ecological corridor linking these relict forests was proposed. This corridor has now begun to be implemented with the participation of public and private social agents.
Unique continuation for the Lamé system using stabilized finite element methods
Authors: Burman Erik , Preuss Janosch
Published: April 2023

We introduce an arbitrary order, stabilized finite element method for solving a unique continuation problem subject to the time-harmonic elastic wave equation with variable coefficients. Based on conditional stability estimates we prove convergence rates for the proposed method which take into account the noise level and the polynomial degree. A series of numerical experiments corroborates our theoretical results and explores additional aspects, e.g. how the quality of the reconstruction depends on the geometry of the involved domains. We find that certain convexity properties are crucial to obtain a good recovery of the wave displacement outside the data domain and that higher polynomial orders can be more efficient but also more sensitive to the ill-conditioned nature of the problem.
An assessment method of rail corrugation based on wheel–rail vertical force and its application for rail grinding
Authors: Niu Liubin , Yang Fei , Deng Xiangyun , Zhang Pan , Jing Guoqing , Qiang Weile , Guo Yunlong
Published: April 2023

In practice, the assessment and treatment of rail corrugation are quantitatively based on the corrugation depth. Wheel–rail vertical forces (WRVF), as a direct reflection of wheel–rail interaction, can give expression to the corrugation depth and thus serve as a key parameter for assessing the corrugation. In this paper, we propose an evaluation method for rail corrugation based on the WRVF. First, a 3D wheel–rail dynamic finite element (FE) model was developed with typical parameters of CRTS II slab track and CRH3 vehicle for high-speed railways in China. The accuracy of the model was then validated with the measured WRVF data in the field. Second, using the validated model, the time–frequency domain distribution of WRVF (vehicle speed: 300 km/h) was obtained with consideration of the corrugation wavelength in the range of 40–180 mm. The non-linear least squares method and rational equation were used to fit the function between the large value of WRVF and the corrugation depth value under the conditions of different corrugation wavelengths. Next, effects of the Pinned–Pinned resonance frequency and vibration mode on the fitted parameters were analysed, by which an indicator for corrugation treatment (grinding) was proposed. Finally, the indicator was applied in the monitoring of rail corrugation for high-speed railway lines in the field. The results show that the misjudgement rate of rail grinding decisions (using the proposed indicator) is low with the accuracy at 92.5%. The proposed method can provide a basis for the rail corrugation evaluation and grinding decisions-making.
Detection of human neurotropic JCPyV DNA sequence in pediatric anaplastic xanthoastrocytoma
Authors: Passerini Sara , Prezioso Carla , Prota Annalisa , Babini Giulia , Bargiacchi Lavinia , Bartolini Daniela , Moens Ugo , Antonelli Manila , Pietropaolo Valeria
Published: April 2023

Due to its peculiar histopathological findings, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), a rare cerebral tumor of young adults with a slow growth and a good prognosis, resembles to the lytic phase of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Therefore, the presence of JCPyV DNA was examined in an 11-year-old child with xanthoastrocytoma, WHO grade 3, by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and nested PCR (nPCR) using primers amplifying sequences encoding the N- and C-terminal region of large T antigen (LTAg), the non-coding control region (NCCR), and viral protein 1 (VP1) DNA. The expression of transcripts from LTAg and VP1 genes was also evaluated. In addition, viral microRNAs’ (miRNAs) expression was investigated. Cellular p53 was also searched at both DNA and RNA level. qPCR revealed the presence of JCPyV DNA with a mean value of 6.0 × 104 gEq/mL. nPCR gave a positive result for the 5ʹ region of the LTAg gene and the NCCR, whereas 3ʹ end LTAg and VP1 DNA sequences were not amplifiable. Only LTAg transcripts of 5ʹ end were found whereas VP1 gene transcript was undetectable. Although in most cases, either Mad-1 or Mad-4 NCCRs have been identified in association with JCPyV-positive human brain neoplasms, the archetype NCCR structure was observed in the patient’s sample. Neither viral miRNA miR-J1-5p nor p53 DNA and RNA were detected. Although the expression of LTAg supports the possible role of JCPyV in PXA, further studies are warranted to better understand whether the genesis of xanthoastrocytoma could depend on the transformation capacity of LTAg by Rb sequestration.
A side-channel attack on a masked and shuffled software implementation of Saber
Authors: Ngo Kalle , Dubrova Elena , Johansson Thomas
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we show that a software implementation of IND-CCA-secure Saber key encapsulation mechanism protected by first-order masking and shuffling can be broken by deep learning-based power analysis. Using an ensemble of deep neural networks trained at the profiling stage, we can recover the session key and the secret key from $$257 \times N$$

257
×
N

and $$24 \times 257 \times N$$

24
×
257
×
N

traces, respectively, where N is the number of repetitions of the same measurement. The value of N depends on the implementation of the algorithm, the type of device under attack, environmental factors, acquisition noise, etc.; in our experiments $$N = 10$$

N
=
10

is sufficient for a successful attack. The neural networks are trained on a combination of 80% of traces from the profiling device with a known shuffling order and 20% of traces from the device under attack captured for all-0 and all-1 messages. “Spicing” the training set with traces from the device under attack helps us minimize the negative effect of inter-device variability.
Brexit Britain
Authors: Whiteley Paul , Clarke Harold D. , Goodwin Matthew , Stewart Marianne C.
Published: April 2023

In June 2016, more than 17 million people voted for Britain to leave the European Union. The fallout of this momentous referendum has been tumultuous and unpredictable. Now, from the authors of the highly-acclaimed Brexit: Why Britain Voted to Leave the European Union (Cambridge University Press, 2017), comes the definitive guide to the transformation of British politics in the years following the Brexit vote. By charting the impact of Brexit on three major elections – the 2017 and 2019 general elections as well as the 2019 European Parliament elections – this book reveals the deeper currents reshaping modern Britain. The authors draw upon many years of unique and unprecedented data from their own surveys, giving key insights into how and why Brexit has changed British electoral politics. The book is written in a clear and accessible style, appealing to students, scholars and anyone interested in the impact of Brexit on Britain today.
Fluctuations for Some Nonstationary Interacting Particle Systems via Boltzmann–Gibbs Principle
Authors: Yang Kevin
Published: April 2023

Conjecture II.3.6 of Spohn in [47] and Lecture 7 of Jensen–Yau in [35] ask for a general derivation of universal fluctuations of hydrodynamic limits in large-scale stochastic interacting particle systems. However, the past few decades have witnessed only minimal progress according to [26]. In this paper, we develop a general method for deriving the so-called Boltzmann–Gibbs principle for a general family of nonintegrable and nonstationary interacting particle systems, thereby responding to Spohn and Jensen–Yau. Most importantly, our method depends mostly on local and dynamical, and thus more general/universal, features of the model. This contrasts with previous work [6, 8, 24, 34], all of which rely on global and nonuniversal assumptions on invariant measures or initial measures of the model. As a concrete application of the method, we derive the KPZ equation as a large-scale limit of the height functions for a family of nonstationary and nonintegrable exclusion processes with an environment-dependent asymmetry. This establishes a first result to Big Picture Question 1.6 in [54] for nonstationary and nonintegrable ‘speed-change’ models that have also been of interest beyond KPZ [18, 22, 23, 38].
Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium lentiflavum at a general hospital in Japan
Authors: Nagano Yutaro , Kuronuma Koji , Kitamura Yasuo , Nagano Kanami , Yabe Hayato , Kudo Sayaka , Sato Toyotaka , Nirasawa Shinya , Nakae Mami , Horiuchi Motohiro , Yokota Shin-ichi , Fujiya Yoshihiro , Saito Atsushi , Takahashi Satoshi , Chiba Hirofumi
Published: April 2023

Background:

Mycobacterium lentiflavum is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that is widely distributed in soil and water systems, but it is sometimes pathogenic to humans. Although cases of M. lentiflavum infections are rare, 22 isolates of M. lentiflavum were identified at a single hospital in Japan. We suspected a nosocomial outbreak; thus, we conducted transmission pattern and genotype analyses.

Methods:

Cases of M. lentiflavum isolated at Kushiro City General Hospital in Japan between May 2020 and April 2021 were analyzed. The patient samples and environmental culture specimens underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Additionally, we retrospectively collected clinical data from patient medical records.

Results:

Altogether, 22 isolates of M. lentiflavum were identified from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Clinically, the instances with M. lentiflavum isolates were considered contaminants. In the WGS analysis, 19 specimens, including 18 patient samples and 1 environmental culture from the hospital’s faucet, showed genetic similarity. The frequency of M. lentiflavum isolation decreased after we prohibited the use of taps where M. lentiflavum was isolated.

Conclusions:

WGS analysis identified that the cause of M. lentiflavum pseudo-outbreak was the water used for patient examinations, including bronchoscopy.
Involvement of information specialists and statisticians in systematic reviews
Authors: Waffenschmidt Siw , Bender Ralf
Published: April 2023

Background

Systematic reviews (SRs) are usually conducted by a highly specialized group of researchers. The routine involvement of methodological experts is a core methodological recommendation. The present commentary describes the qualifications required for information specialists and statisticians involved in SRs, as well as their tasks, the methodological challenges they face, and potential future areas of involvement.

Tasks and qualifications

Information specialists select the information sources, develop search strategies, conduct the searches, and report the results. Statisticians select the methods for evidence synthesis, assess the risk of bias, and interpret the results. The minimum requirements for their involvement in SRs are a suitable university degree (e.g., in statistics or librarian/information science or an equivalent degree), methodological and content expertise, and several years of experience.

Key arguments

The complexity of conducting SRs has greatly increased due to a massive rise in the amount of available evidence and the number and complexity of SR methods, largely statistical and information retrieval methods. Additional challenges exist in the actual conduct of an SR, such as judging how complex the research question could become and what hurdles could arise during the course of the project.

Conclusion

SRs are becoming more and more complex to conduct and information specialists and statisticians should routinely be involved right from the start of the SR. This increases the trustworthiness of SRs as the basis for reliable, unbiased and reproducible health policy, and clinical decision making.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS from an urban area
Authors: Kesper Norival , Ignácio Junior Jose Carlos , Rocci Rafael Avila , Cunha Mirela A. , Lindoso José Angelo Lauletta
Published: April 2023

The prevalence rate of coinfection Chagas disease (CD) and HIV in Brazil is between 1.3 and 5%. Serological tests for detecting CD use total antigen, which present cross reactivity with other endemic diseases, such as leishmaniasis. It is urge the use of a specific test to determinate the real prevalence of T. cruzi infection in people living with HIV AIDS (PLWHA). Here, we evaluated the prevalence of T. cruzi infection in a cohort of 240 PLWHA living in urban area from São Paulo, Brazil. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, using epimastigote alkaline extract antigen from T. cruzi (ELISA EAE), returned a 2.0% prevalence. However by Immunoblotting, using trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen (TESA Blot) from T. cruzi, we detected a prevalence of 0.83%. We consider that the real prevalence of T. cruzi-infection in PLWHA is 0.83%, lower than reported in literature; this is due to TESA Blot specificity, probably excluding false positives for CD immunodiagnosis. Our results demonstrate a real need to apply diagnostic tests with high sensitivity and specificity that can help assess the current status of CD/HIV coinfection in Brazil in order to stratify the effective risk of reactivation and consequently decreasing mortality.
Adapting cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with autism: a lived experience-led consultation with specialist psychological therapists
Authors: Riches Simon , Hammond Neil , Bianco Marilla , Fialho Carolina , Acland James
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate, from a lived experience perspective, specialist psychological therapists’ views on therapeutic adaptations to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for autism that are most helpful for service users and enable best practice. Psychological therapist participants took part in semi-structured interviews led by a researcher with lived experience of autism. A thematic analysis was carried out. Participants (n=8) reported that challenges for service users were anxiety about the therapeutic relationship; communication difficulties with understanding and being understood; emotion recognition difficulties impeding trust and development of the therapeutic relationship; relationships with family interfering with the intervention; information processing impairments, necessitating a slower pace to the intervention; and avoidance of therapy due to anxiety. Goals were forming relationships and building social confidence and skills. Demographic differences were age, with older service users deemed less open to change and younger service users less mature and more often accompanied by family; and gender, with female service users deemed more socially able than males. Therapeutic adaptations were to increase collaboration; support emotional literacy, to help service users understand their own and others’ emotions; focus on special interests; use visual prompts, to improve communication and understanding; be consistent, to build trust and reduce anxiety; accommodate sensory needs, to reduce anxiety and build engagement; avoid metaphors, to reduce communication difficulties; and use role-play, to build and enhance social skills. Therefore, adapting CBT may support clinicians and reduce challenges for people with autism, while lived experience perspectives ensure adaptations meet service users’ needs.

Key learning aims

(1)

To use a lived experience perspective to explore expert psychological therapists’ views of challenges and adaptations when delivering CBT for adults with autism.

(2)

To investigate the benefits of adapting CBT when working with adults with autism.

(3)

To understand the importance of involving people with lived experience in the development and co-production of psychological interventions.
Trade and Climate Mitigation Interactions Create Agro‐Economic Opportunities With Social and Environmental Trade‐Offs in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Yarlagadda Brinda , Wild Thomas , Zhao Xin , Clarke Leon , Cui Ryna , Khan Zarrar , Birnbaum Abigail , Lamontagne Jonathan
Published: April 2023

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region plays key roles in both meeting global agricultural demands and maintaining carbon sinks due to its abundant land and water resources. In this study we use the Global Change Analysis Model to evaluate the opportunities and challenges posed by two global‐scale drivers: agricultural market integration (i.e., reduction of trade barriers) and land‐based climate mitigation policy. We evaluate their potential individual and combined impacts on agricultural production and trade revenues across LAC's economies through mid‐century, as well as the resulting impacts on agricultural consumers and integrated land‐water‐climate systems across LAC's diverse sub‐regions. Increased global market integration results in increased agricultural production and trade revenues for many LAC economies, driven by their evolving comparative advantages. Climate mitigation measures on CO2 and non‐CO2 greenhouse gases increase revenues due to increased agricultural prices from land competition and emissions abatement. The combined outcomes from both drivers are complex and sometimes non‐linear, highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between multiple drivers. Our results show that increased agricultural production and trade opportunities, from either of the two drivers, pose significant trade‐offs that require careful multi‐sectoral planning, such as emissions reduction challenges, potential loss of livestock production when pursuing land‐based climate mitigation strategies, increased consumer expenditures, and changes in land‐use or water withdrawals, resulting in deforestation or water scarcity pressures. There is considerable heterogeneity in economic and environmental outcomes across LAC sub‐regions and agricultural commodities, illustrating the value of considering outcomes at finer scales.
Global Observations of the Short‐Term Disturbances in the Geomagnetic Field and Induced Currents During the Supersubstorms Events of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Hajra Sritam , Dashora Nirvikar , Ivan J. Solomon
Published: April 2023

Four supersubstorms of the solar cycle 24 are analyzed to investigate the global variations in the H‐component and geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). The response to the storm sudden commencement (SSC) of the 2012 and 2017 events is observed differently over different latitude bands. Initially, the latitude band of 0°–45° shows a step‐like preliminary positive impulse (PPI), 45°–65° shows a Gaussian‐kind of PPI and 65°–90° shows a preliminary reverse impulse, followed by a main impulse all over. The H‐component variations during the supersubstorm periods show a strong north‐south asymmetry over the high latitudes which is attributed to the seasonal dependence of the growth and decay of ionospheric currents respectively in the summer and winter hemispheres. The co‐latitude band of ∼55°–65° shows a complete reversal of phase (i.e., global positive peak) of the H‐component compared to the maximum depression observed from the close‐by latitude bands and peak depressions in the SYM‐H, SML, and AE indices. The low latitude variations exhibit a dominant local time‐dependent control of the perturbation electric fields over the short and long terms during the geomagnetic events. The D‐component variations reflect complex ionospheric contributions during the SSC and the main phase with more asymmetries and variability. The GIC threat represented by the dB/dt peaks during the supersubstorms shows the highest magnitude (∼900 nT/min) in the latitude band of 60°–75° with a secondary peak over the dip equatorial regions. Further, some scattered and prominent peaks over the mid and high latitudes outside the supersubstorm periods are also observed.
Shifts, Trends, and Drivers of Lake Color Across China Since the 1980s
Authors: Cao Zhigang , Melack John M. , Liu Miao , Kutser Tiit , Duan Hongtao , Ma Ronghua
Published: April 2023

Lakes are sentinels of global changes and integrators of processes in watersheds. Changes of lake water quality can be observed in shifts in lake color, however, the prevalence of shifts and trends in color and relevant factors remain elusive. Here, a comprehensive examination of color in 2,550 Chinese lakes from 1984 to 2021 revealed that color in 68% of the lakes shifted toward shorter visual wavelengths. Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau had larger declines in wavelength than lakes in other areas. The factors associated with reduced visual wavelengths varied in different ecoregions. A warmer and wetter climate in deep lakes in western China is associated with shifts toward blue. Increased vegetation in watershed and decreased wind are associated with green‐yellow shifting to green‐cyan color in shallow lakes of eastern China. Our study highlights the heterogeneous controls of climate and humans on changing patterns of lake colors.
The long non-coding RNA keratin-7 antisense acts as a new tumor suppressor to inhibit tumorigenesis and enhance apoptosis in lung and breast cancers
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Meng Mei , Yao Jun , Zhou Hao , Chen Yu , Liu Juntao , Wang Jie , Liu Yuxi , Qiao Yingnan , Zhang Mengli , Qi Jindan , Zhang Tong , Zhou Zhou , Jiang Tao , Shang Bingxue , Zhou Quansheng
Published: April 2023

Expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) keratin-7 antisense (KRT7-AS) is downregulated in various types of cancer; however, the impact of KRT7-AS deficiency on tumorigenesis and apoptosis is enigmatic. We aim to explore the influence of KRT7-AS in carcinogenesis and apoptosis. We found that KRT7-AS was deficient in breast and lung cancers, and low levels of KRT7-AS were a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. Cellular studies showed that silencing of KRT7-AS in lung cancer cells increased oncogenic Keratin-7 levels and enhanced tumorigenesis, but diminished cancer apoptosis of the cancer cells; by contrast, overexpression of KRT7-AS inhibited lung cancer cell tumorigenesis. Additionally, KRT7-AS sensitized cancer cells to the anti-cancer drug cisplatin, consequently enhancing cancer cell apoptosis. In vivo, KRT7-AS overexpression significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft mice, while silencing of KRT7-AS promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, KRT7-AS reduced the levels of oncogenic Keratin-7 and significantly elevated amounts of the key tumor suppressor PTEN in cancer cells through directly binding to PTEN protein via its core nucleic acid motif GGCAAUGGCGG. This inhibited the ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation of PTEN protein, therefore elevating PTEN levels in cancer cells. We also found that KRT7-AS gene transcription was driven by the transcription factor RXRα; intriguingly, the small molecule berberine enhanced KRT7-AS expression, reduced tumorigenesis, and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells. Collectively, KRT7-AS functions as a new tumor suppressor and an apoptosis enhancer in lung and breast cancers, and we unraveled that the RXRα-KRT7-AS-PTEN signaling axis controls carcinogenesis and apoptosis. Our findings highlight a tumor suppressive role of endogenous KRT7-AS in cancers and an important effect the RXRα-KRT7-AS-PTEN axis on control of cancer cell tumorigenesis and apoptosis, and offer a new platform for developing novel therapeutics against cancers.
Review of cardiac safety in onasemnogene abeparvovec gene replacement therapy: translation from preclinical to clinical findings
Authors: Chand Deepa H. , Sun Rui , Diab Karim A. , Kenny Damien , Tukov Francis Fonyuy
Published: April 2023

Human gene replacement therapies such as onasemnogene abeparvovec (OA) use recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors to treat monogenic disorders. The heart and liver are known target organs of toxicity in animals; with cardiac and hepatic monitoring recommended in humans after OA dosing. This manuscript provides a comprehensive description of cardiac data from preclinical studies and clinical sources including clinical trials, managed access programs and the post-marketing setting following intravenous OA administration through 23 May 2022. Single dose mouse GLP-Toxicology studies revealed dose-dependent cardiac findings including thrombi, myocardial inflammation and degeneration/regeneration, which were associated with early mortality (4-7 weeks) in the high dose groups. No such findings were documented in non-human primates (NHP) after 6 weeks or 6 months post-dose. No electrocardiogram or echocardiogram abnormalities were noted in NHP or humans. After OA dosing, some patients developed isolated elevations in troponin without associated signs/symptoms; the reported cardiac adverse events in patients were considered of secondary etiology (e.g. respiratory dysfunction or sepsis leading to cardiac events). Clinical data indicate cardiac toxicity observed in mice does not translate to humans. Cardiac abnormalities have been associated with SMA. Healthcare professionals should use medical judgment when evaluating the etiology and assessment of cardiac events post OA dosing so as to consider all possibilities and manage the patient accordingly.
Engineering α-carboxysomes into plant chloroplasts to support autotrophic photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Taiyu , Hojka Marta , Davey Philip , Sun Yaqi , Dykes Gregory F. , Zhou Fei , Lawson Tracy , Nixon Peter J. , Lin Yongjun , Liu Lu-Ning
Published: April 2023

The growth in world population, climate change, and resource scarcity necessitate a sustainable increase in crop productivity. Photosynthesis in major crops is limited by the inefficiency of the key CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco, owing to its low carboxylation rate and poor ability to discriminate between CO2 and O2. In cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, carboxysomes function as the central CO2-fixing organelles that elevate CO2 levels around encapsulated Rubisco to enhance carboxylation. There is growing interest in engineering carboxysomes into crop chloroplasts as a potential route for improving photosynthesis and crop yields. Here, we generate morphologically correct carboxysomes in tobacco chloroplasts by transforming nine carboxysome genetic components derived from a proteobacterium. The chloroplast-expressed carboxysomes display a structural and functional integrity comparable to native carboxysomes and support autotrophic growth and photosynthesis of the transplastomic plants at elevated CO2. Our study provides proof-of-concept for a route to engineering fully functional CO2-fixing modules and entire CO2-concentrating mechanisms into chloroplasts to improve crop photosynthesis and productivity.
Anti-cancer pro-inflammatory effects of an IgE antibody targeting the melanoma-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
Authors: Chauhan Jitesh , Grandits Melanie , Palhares Lais C. G. F. , Mele Silvia , Nakamura Mano , López-Abente Jacobo , Crescioli Silvia , Laddach Roman , Romero-Clavijo Pablo , Cheung Anthony , Stavraka Chara , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Sow Heng Sheng , Chiaruttini Giulia , Gilbert Amy E. , Dodev Tihomir , Koers Alexander , Pellizzari Giulia , Ilieva Kristina M. , Man Francis , Ali Niwa , Hobbs Carl , Lombardi Sara , Lionarons Daniël A. , Gould Hannah J. , Beavil Andrew J. , Geh Jenny L. C. , MacKenzie Ross Alastair D. , Healy Ciaran , Calonje Eduardo , Downward Julian , Nestle Frank O. , Tsoka Sophia , Josephs Debra H. , Blower Philip J. , Karagiannis Panagiotis , Lacy Katie E. , Spicer James , Karagiannis Sophia N. , Bax Heather J.
Published: April 2023

Outcomes for half of patients with melanoma remain poor despite standard-of-care checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The prevalence of the melanoma-associated antigen chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) expression is ~70%, therefore effective immunotherapies directed at CSPG4 could benefit many patients. Since IgE exerts potent immune-activating functions in tissues, we engineer a monoclonal IgE antibody with human constant domains recognizing CSPG4 to target melanoma. CSPG4 IgE binds to human melanomas including metastases, mediates tumoricidal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and stimulates human IgE Fc-receptor-expressing monocytes towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes. IgE demonstrates anti-tumor activity in human melanoma xenograft models engrafted with human effector cells and is associated with enhanced macrophage infiltration, enriched monocyte and macrophage gene signatures and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. IgE prolongs the survival of patient-derived xenograft-bearing mice reconstituted with autologous immune cells. No ex vivo activation of basophils in patient blood is measured in the presence of CSPG4 IgE. Our findings support a promising IgE-based immunotherapy for melanoma.
Surface hydroxide promotes CO2 electrolysis to ethylene in acidic conditions
Authors: Cao Yufei , Chen Zhu , Li Peihao , Ozden Adnan , Ou Pengfei , Ni Weiyan , Abed Jehad , Shirzadi Erfan , Zhang Jinqiang , Sinton David , Ge Jun , Sargent Edward H.
Published: April 2023

Performing CO2 reduction in acidic conditions enables high single-pass CO2 conversion efficiency. However, a faster kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction compared to CO2 reduction limits the selectivity toward multicarbon products. Prior studies have shown that adsorbed hydroxide on the Cu surface promotes CO2 reduction in neutral and alkaline conditions. We posited that limited adsorbed hydroxide species in acidic CO2 reduction could contribute to a low selectivity to multicarbon products. Here we report an electrodeposited Cu catalyst that suppresses hydrogen formation and promotes selective CO2 reduction in acidic conditions. Using in situ time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, we show that a high concentration of CO and OH on the catalyst surface promotes C-C coupling, a finding that we correlate with evidence of increased CO residence time. The optimized electrodeposited Cu catalyst achieves a 60% faradaic efficiency for ethylene and 90% for multicarbon products. When deployed in a slim flow cell, the catalyst attains a 20% energy efficiency to ethylene, and 30% to multicarbon products.
A machine learning model identifies patients in need of autoimmune disease testing using electronic health records
Authors: Forrest Iain S. , Petrazzini Ben O. , Duffy Áine , Park Joshua K. , O’Neal Anya J. , Jordan Daniel M. , Rocheleau Ghislain , Nadkarni Girish N. , Cho Judy H. , Blazer Ashira D. , Do Ron
Published: April 2023

Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) can lead to irreversible damage if left untreated, yet these patients often endure long diagnostic journeys before being diagnosed and treated. Machine learning may help overcome the challenges of diagnosing SARDs and inform clinical decision-making. Here, we developed and tested a machine learning model to identify patients who should receive rheumatological evaluation for SARDs using longitudinal electronic health records of 161,584 individuals from two institutions. The model demonstrated high performance for predicting cases of autoantibody-tested individuals in a validation set, an external test set, and an independent cohort with a broader case definition. This approach identified more individuals for autoantibody testing compared with current clinical standards and a greater proportion of autoantibody carriers among those tested. Diagnoses of SARDs and other autoimmune conditions increased with higher model probabilities. The model detected a need for autoantibody testing and rheumatology encounters up to five years before the test date and assessment date, respectively. Altogether, these findings illustrate that the clinical manifestations of a diverse array of autoimmune conditions are detectable in electronic health records using machine learning, which may help systematize and accelerate autoimmune testing.
Epigenetic landscape reveals MECOM as an endothelial lineage regulator
Authors: Lv Jie , Meng Shu , Gu Qilin , Zheng Rongbin , Gao Xinlei , Kim Jun-dae , Chen Min , Xia Bo , Zuo Yihan , Zhu Sen , Zhao Dongyu , Li Yanqiang , Wang Guangyu , Wang Xin , Meng Qingshu , Cao Qi , Cooke John P. , Fang Longhou , Chen Kaifu , Zhang Lili
Published: April 2023

A comprehensive understanding of endothelial cell lineage specification will advance cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Recent studies found that unique epigenetic signatures preferentially regulate cell identity genes. We thus systematically investigate the epigenetic landscape of endothelial cell lineage and identify MECOM to be the leading candidate as an endothelial cell lineage regulator. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis verifies that MECOM-positive cells are exclusively enriched in the cell cluster of bona fide endothelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Our experiments demonstrate that MECOM depletion impairs human endothelial cell differentiation, functions, and Zebrafish angiogenesis. Through integrative analysis of Hi-C, DNase-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and RNA-Seq data, we find MECOM binds enhancers that form chromatin loops to regulate endothelial cell identity genes. Further, we identify and verify the VEGF signaling pathway to be a key target of MECOM. Our work provides important insights into epigenetic regulation of cell identity and uncovered MECOM as an endothelial cell lineage regulator.
Self-recovering passive cooling utilizing endothermic reaction of NH4NO3/H2O driven by water sorption for photovoltaic cell
Authors: Kim Seonggon , Park Jong Ha , Lee Jae Won , Kim Yongchan , Kang Yong Tae
Published: April 2023

Power efficiency of photovoltaic cell is significantly affected by the cell temperature. Here, a self-recovering passive cooling unit is developed. The water-saturated zeolite 13X is coated on the back side of photovoltaic cell, and ammonium nitrate is dispersed as a layer to form a thin film. When heat is supplied, water is desorbed from zeolite 13X (latent cooling), and dissolves ammonium nitrate to induce endothermic reaction cooling. It is a reversible process that recovers itself at night. The unit works on the basis that the water sorption performance of porous materials is inversely proportional to temperature, and the solubility of endothermic reaction pairs increases proportionally with temperature. The average temperature of photovoltaic cell can be reduced by 15.1 °C, and the cooling energy density reaches 2,876 kJ/kg with average cooling power of 403 W/m2. We show that highly efficient passive cooling comprising inexpensive materials for photovoltaic cell could be achieved.
Extended adjuvant endocrine therapy in a longitudinal cohort of young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Sella Tal , Zheng Yue , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Gelber Shari I. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Come Steven E. , Carey Lisa A. , Winer Eric P. , Partridge Ann H.
Published: April 2023

Extended adjuvant endocrine therapy (eET) improves outcomes in breast cancer survivors. Most studies however have been limited to postmenopausal women, and optimal eET for young survivors is uncertain. We report eET use among participants in the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Study (YWS), a multicenter prospective cohort of women age ≤40 newly diagnosed with breast cancer enrolled between 2006–2016. Women with stage I–III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, ≥6 years from diagnosis without recurrence were considered eET candidates. Use of eET was elicited from annual surveys sent years 6–8 after diagnosis, censoring for recurrence/death. 663 women were identified as eET candidates with 73.9% (490/663) having surveys eligible for analysis. Among eligible participants, mean age was 35.5 (±3.9), 85.9% were non-Hispanic white, and 59.6% reported eET use. Tamoxifen monotherapy was the most reported eET (77.4%), followed by aromatase inhibitor (AI) monotherapy (21.9%), AI-ovarian function suppression (AI-OFS) (6.8%) and tamoxifen-OFS (3.1%). In multivariable analysis, increasing age (per year odds ratio [OR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.16), stage (II v. I: OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.81–4.51; III v. I: OR: 3.73, 95%CI: 1.87–7.44) and receipt of chemotherapy (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 2.16–6.21) were significantly associated with eET use. Many young breast cancer survivors receive eET despite limited data regarding utility in this population. While some factors associated with eET use reflect appropriate risk-based care, potential sociodemographic disparities in uptake warrants further investigation in more diverse populations.
Genomic profiles of IDH-mutant gliomas: MYCN-amplified IDH-mutant astrocytoma had the worst prognosis
Authors: Lee Kwanghoon , Kim Seong-Ik , Kim Eric Eunshik , Shim Yu-Mi , Won Jae-Kyung , Park Chul-Kee , Choi Seung Hong , Yun Hongseok , Lee Hyunju , Park Sung-Hye
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to find any ambiguous genetic outlier for “oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (O_IDH_mut)” and “astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (A_IDH_mut)” and to redefine the genetic landscape and prognostic factors of IDH-mutant gliomas. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a brain tumor-targeted gene panel, methylation profiles, and clinicopathological features were analyzed for O_IDH_mut (n = 74) in 70 patients and for A_IDH_mut (n = 95) in 90 patients. 97.3% of O_IDH_mut and 98.9% of A_IDH_mut displayed a classic genomic landscape. Combined CIC (75.7%) and/or FUBP1 (45.9%) mutations were detected in 93.2% and MGMTp methylation in 95.9% of O_IDH_mut patients. In A_IDH_mut, TP53 mutations were found in 86.3% and combined ATRX (82.1%) and TERTp (6.3%) mutations in 88.4%. Although there were 3 confusing cases, NOS (not otherwise specified) category, based on genetic profiles, but they were clearly classified by combining histopathology and DKFZ methylation classifier algorithms. The patients with MYCN amplification and/or CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletion in the A_IDH_mut category had a worse prognosis than those without these gene alterations and MYCN-amplified A_IDH_mut showed the worst prognosis. However, there was no prognostic genetic marker in O_IDH_mut. In histopathologically or genetically ambiguous cases, methylation profiles can be used as an objective tool to avoid a diagnosis of NOS or NEC (not elsewhere classified), as well as for tumor classification. The authors have not encountered a case of true mixed oligoastrocytoma using an integrated diagnosis of histopathological, genetic and methylation profiles. MYCN amplification, in addition to CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletion, should be included in the genetic criteria for CNS WHO grade 4 A_IDH_mut.