bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The politics of prodigy, prophecy and providence (in a pagan state)
Authors: Lake Peter
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the politics of prodigy, prophecy, and providence in Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar is a play notoriously suffused with the supernatural; a plethora of prodigies and prophecies, of omens and curses, recur throughout the action. Bombarded by so many prodigious warnings of the dreadful events that are about to unfold, and of their own fates within them, the characters in the play are not only entirely unable to interpret these signs aright, they evince a wild variety of responses thereto. Ultimately, the play presents a variety of pagan Romans all of whom have been taught by the demands of Roman virtue and the dictates of ‘philosophy’ to regard any concern with prodigies, portents, or prophecies as ‘superstition’. They have also been taught to regard fate as unknowable and that the best way to meet it is an acceptance of the inevitability of death.
Between Henry V and Hamlet
Authors: Lake Peter
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that if Julius Caesar can be read as an examination of the dangers inherent in the particular political moment of the summer and autumn of 1599, and of the internal contradictions and temptations exposed by that moment within the Essexian project and synthesis, then the decisions reached by Brutus and Cassius, under the influence of the best wisdom of the ancients, and in emulation of the Roman virtue of their ancestors, become, in their turn, a warning to contemporaries not to repeat their mistakes, even as they sought to emulate their examples and virtue. On this reading, the play compounds its central message about the unwisdom of violent insurrection and assassination with another equally salient warning about the further unwisdom of seeking to base political and ethical decision-making in a Christian monarchy on the principles, precepts, and examples of pagan republicans.
The morning after the night before: Troilus and Cressida as retrospect
Authors: Lake Peter
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida. If, amongst other things, Hamlet can be read as an examination, both from the inside and the outside, of the political and the religious consequences of the implosion of the Essexian project, Troilus and Cressida can, in turn, be taken to be returning to that same topic, evoking and evaluating the political and moral wreckage left by the debacle of the Essex rebellion. Indeed, the play returns to many of the central themes and topoi of the preceding plays; to the compatibility of the politics of honour, martial prowess, faction, and popularity; to war itself as a source of honour, order and legitimacy; to the applicability of the language of the market to the political world, and that world's claims to be a source of legitimacy and moral worth.
Tissue-engineered cartilage constructed by a biotin-conjugated anti-CD44 avidin binding technique for the repairing of cartilage defects in the weight-bearing area of knee joints in pigs
Authors: Lin H. , Zhou J. , Cao L. , Wang H.R. , Dong J. , Chen Z.R.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The lack of effective treatment for cartilage defects has prompted investigations using tissue engineering techniques for their regeneration and repair. The success of tissue-engineered repair of cartilage may depend on the rapid and efficient adhesion of transplanted cells to a scaffold. Our aim in this study was to repair full-thickness defects in articular cartilage in the weight-bearing area of a porcine model, and to investigate whether the CD44 monoclonal antibody biotin-avidin (CBA) binding technique could provide satisfactory tissue-engineered cartilage.

Methods

Cartilage defects were created in the load-bearing region of the lateral femoral condyle of mini-type pigs. The defects were repaired with traditional tissue-engineered cartilage, tissue-engineered cartilage constructed with the biotin-avidin (BA) technique, tissue-engineered cartilage constructed with the CBA technique and with autologous cartilage. The biomechanical properties, Western blot assay, histological findings and immunohistochemical staining were explored.

Results

The CBA group showed similar results to the autologous group in biomechanical properties, Moran’s criteria, histological tests and Wakitani histological scoring.

Conclusions

These results suggest that tissue-engineered cartilage constructed using the CBA technique could be used effectively to repair cartilage defects in the weight-bearing area of joints. Cite this article: H. Lin, J. Zhou, L. Cao, H. R. Wang, J. Dong, Z. R. Chen. Tissue-engineered cartilage constructed by a biotin-conjugated anti-CD44 avidin binding technique for the repairing of cartilage defects in the weight-bearing area of knee joints in pigs. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:–295. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.65.BJR-2016-0277.
Free-Circulating Methylated DNA in Blood for Diagnosis, Staging, Prognosis, and Monitoring of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Schröck Andreas , Leisse Annette , de Vos Luka , Gevensleben Heidrun , Dröge Freya , Franzen Alina , Wachendörfer Malin , Schröck Friederike , Ellinger Joerg , Teschke Marcus , Wilhelm-Buchstab Timo , Landsberg Jennifer , Holdenrieder Stefan , Hartmann Gunther , Field John K , Bootz Friedrich , Kristiansen Glen , Dietrich Dimo
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Circulating cell-free DNA methylation testing in blood has recently received regulatory approval for screening of colorectal cancer. Its application in other clinical settings, including staging, prognosis, prediction, and recurrence monitoring is highly promising, and of particular interest in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) that represent a heterogeneous group of cancers with unsatisfactory treatment guidelines.

METHODS

Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and septin 9 (SEPT9) DNA methylation in plasma from 649 prospectively enrolled patients (training study: 284 HNSCC/122 control patients; testing study: 141 HNSCC/102 control patients) was quantified before treatment and longitudinally during surveillance.

RESULTS

In the training study, 59% of HNSCC patients were methylation-positive at 96% specificity. Methylation levels correlated with tumor and nodal category (P < 0.001). Initially increased methylation levels were associated with a higher risk of death [SEPT9: hazard ratio (HR) = 5.27, P = 0.001; SHOX2: HR = 2.32, P = 0.024]. Disease recurrence/metastases were detected in 47% of patients up to 377 days earlier compared to current clinical practice. The onset of second cancers was detected up to 343 days earlier. In the testing study, sensitivity (52%), specificity (95%), prediction of overall survival (SEPT9: HR = 2.78, P = 0.022; SHOX2: HR = 2.50, P = 0.026), and correlation with tumor and nodal category (P <0.001) were successfully validated.

CONCLUSIONS

Methylation testing in plasma is a powerful diagnostic tool for molecular disease staging, risk stratification, and disease monitoring. Patients with initially high biomarker levels might benefit from intensified treatment and posttherapeutic surveillance. The early detection of a recurrent/metastatic disease or a second malignancy could lead to an earlier consecutive treatment, thereby improving patients' outcomes.
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS PARA ANGOLA: DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES
Authors: Pinheiro Tiago Grégoire de Souza , Borini Felipe Mendes , Pereira Rafael Morais
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar se as empresas brasileiras que estão indo explorar vazios institucionais em Angola estão sendo apoiadas pelo Estado. Foram adotadas as perspectivas teóricas relacionadas às temáticas de vazios institucionais, de vantagens específicas da firma (FSA) e o papel do Estado na internacionalização de empresas. A amostra do estudo foi composta de entrevistas com 12 especialistas das relações Brasil-Angola. Os resultados da investigação apontam que as empresas brasileiras que foram para Angola possuíam vantagens competitivas bem definidas e, em sua maioria, foram para o país africano visando explorar os vazios institucionais locais. Entretanto, na percepção dos atores envolvidos, as empresas brasileiras que estão indo explorar vazios institucionais, se valendo das suas vantagens competitivas, não foram apoiadas eficientemente pelo Estado brasileiro. Os achados também indicam que, para ter sucesso nos negócios em Angola, é fundamental construir parcerias com agentes locais como empresários e, sobretudo, o governo.
Kinesiologically examination of the activation rates of some muscles used in Zeybek folk dance performances
Zeybek halk dansları icrasında kullanılan bazı kasların aktivasyon oranlarının kinesiyolojik açıdan incelenmesi
Authors: Gülbeyaz Kürşad
Published: May 2017

Many agonist, antagonist and synergist lower and upper extremity muscles work in coordination performing the Turkish folk dances as a bodily activity. It is important to find out which muscles are active and how do they work in performing Zeybek as type of Turkish folk dance that is important for the movement analysis of the style. The literature findings shown that the researches have been done in this field very limited; thus, we believe this study will contribute to fulfill the need.Turkish folk dances have a broad variety of style, movement and motives, there for, the study is limited to only Aegean region folk dance of zeybek style and certain dances, deliberately, have been chosen for the study and the activation rate of muscles used in the chosen “zeybek” dances have been examined with EMG.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBedensel bir aktivite olması nedeniyle, Türk halk danslarının icrasında birçok agonist, antogonist ve sinirgest alt ve üst ekstremite kas grubunun aynı anda koordineli bir şekilde çalışması söz konusudur. Bu kasların hangileri olduğu ve ne oranda aktif olduklarının tespit edilmesi, Türk halk danslarının bedensel bir çalışma olarak, kas gelişimine olan etkisi açısından önemli bir bilgidir. Türkiye’deki literatür incelendiğinde bu konu ile ilgi araştırmaların kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu özgün çalışma görülen bu kısıtlılığı gidermeye katkı amacını taşımaktadır.Çalışma Türk halk danslarının çok geniş bir çeşitliliğe sahip olması nedeniyle ve bedensel hareket kapsamının çok geniş olması bakımından, özellikle zeybek danslarına özgü kas gruplarının aktivasyon oranlarını incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma özellikle seçilen dansların hareketlerini gerçekleştiren kaslara, EMG sistemi uygulanarak, aktivasyon oranlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Factors Influencing the Selection of Housing Location Post Earthquake 2007 in Solok
Authors: - Fauzi -
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSolok City is within range of the Sumatera active fault where destructive earthquakes have happenedfrequently (Padang Panjang earthquake 1926, Singkarak earthquake 1943 and 2004, and Solokearthquake 2007). Problems arise when most of the population often quickly forget the danger offuture earthquakes and the mitigation efforts to reduce disaster hazards. New housings were stillbuilt in areas highly prone to earthquakes. The study investigated the factors affecting thelocational choice for housing in post‐earthquake Solok City using qualitative descriptive format.Post earthquake locational analysis of housing areas showed that cumulatively 47% of the houseswere built in ‘high’ to ‘very high’ vulnerability area meaning that almost half of the houses built in theyear 2010 are exposed to high risk from earthquakes. Analysis found four latent factors affecting thechoice for housing location post 2007 Solok earthquake included (1) Earthquake Vulnerability, (2)House Prices, (3) Accessibility, and (4) Policy and Social factors. Analysis showed how earthquakevulnerability was indeed the priority factor in the choice of location for the general society. Howeverthis is contradictory to the reality of the current locations of housing areas built after the 2007earthquake. The general society considered earthquake as very important but they built their housesin the disaster prone ares anyway. Therefore a common awareness needs to be established among allstakeholders to reduce the risks and improve mitigation efforts in case of future disasters.Keywords: earthquake vulnerability, housing location choice, post‐earthquake
Kualitas Lingkungan Permukiman Masyarakat Suku Bajo di Daerah yang Berkarakter Pinggiran Kota dan Daerah Berkarakter Pedesaan di Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Ridwan Ucok Heriady , Giyarsih Sri Rum
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe study aims to analyze the settlement environmental quality of the Bajo tribe in Lagasa village(representing suburban environment) and in Latawe village (representing rural environment) of Munaregency. The survey included structured interview with 30 hourseholds of Bajo tribe in each of the twovillages. The assessment of settlement environmental quality included three indicators comprising housecondition, sanitation and basic infrastructure. The study found disparity of settlement environmentalquality among the two villages. Lagasa village which represent suburban environment has better qualitycompared to Latawe village which represent rural environment. The degree of accessibility was found tohave a crucial role in causing the disparity.Keywords: settlement environment, Bajo tribe, suburban, rural
Kajian Aspek Bentuk Lahan dan Geologi Berdasarkan Mikrotremor dalam Perencanaan Ruang Kawasan Rawan Gempa di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Bantul, Jetis, Imogiri, dan Kretek)
Authors: Gunawan Arif , Khadiyanto Parfi
Published: May 2017

The high risk of loss due to frequent occurrence of earthquakes increasingly demanded adaptable spatialplanning based on disaster mitigation. This study examines the geologic and earth science aspect inearthquake prone area of Bantul Regency. Analysis was presented in microtemor map and microtemorparametric distribution table per unit of land, land use comparison of pre and post 2006 earthquake, andimplementation assessment of land use planning in the study area. Inferential analysis by linearregression indicated the correlation of vulnerability index to collapse ratio. The study found diversity ingeologic sediment characteristics and local landform in respons to earthquake altering the seismicvulnerability index thus affecting collapse ratio. Therefore there is a need for a detailed spatial plan whichinclude a detailed geological sediment and local landform analysis.
Kajian Penerapan dan Hasil Kebijakan Agropolitan di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Hari Kimiawan , Muktialie Mohammad
Published: May 2017

Implementasi Kebijakan Agropolitan Kementerian Pertanian memberikan hasil yang beragam di tiapdaerah. Hasil dari kebijakan pusat yang demikian ini biasanya ditentukan oleh: 1) strukturimplementasi, 2) instrumen kebijakan, 3) partisipasi masyarakat, dan 4) ketersediaan sumber daya.Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota di Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu daerah yang menerapkankebijakan ini, dimulai di Kecamatan Mungka pada tahun 2005. Penerapan kebijakan ini hendakmencapai kenaikan pendapatan dan produktivitas masyarakat sebesar 5%. Analisis menunjukkanbahwa pada awal 2012, kenaikan pendapatan 5% hanya dinikmati oleh 63,04% penduduk, sedangkankenaikan produktivitas sebesar 5% hanya terjadi pada 34,78% masyarakat. Analisis selanjutnyamenunjukkan bahwa rendahnya pencapaian tersebut adalah hasil dari 1) ketidakjelasan panduan yangditerbitkan oleh Kementerian, 2) kurangnya dasar hukum untuk pelaksanaan Master Plan Agropolitandi Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, 3) inkonsistensi kelompok kerja di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, 4)inefisiensi Susunan Organisasi dan Tata Kerja – SOTK di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, 5) kurangnyapengetahuan dan jumlah penyuluh di BP3K Mungka untuk membantu masyarakat, 6) kurangnyadukungan komite anggaran daerah dalam alokasi pendanaan, 7) kurangnya keterlibatan PemerintahNagari dalam implementasi program, dan 8) kurangnya koordinasi dan komunikasi antara legistlatifdan eksekutif.Kata kunci : kebijakan agropolitan, cara, hasil
Konsep Perancangan Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Lingkungan Fisik Kawasan Perdagangan dan Jasa Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Kota Salatiga
Authors: - Nurgianto
Published: May 2017

Kawasan Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Salatiga telah memiliki karakter yang kuat dan berfungsi strategissebagai kawasan komersial. Dengan hadirnya pasar modern dan hotel berbintang disamping pasartradisional, kawasan ini sekarang merupakan pemain di pasar regional. Namun demikian, peningkatanintensitas kegiatan yang terjadi tidak diimbangi perbaikan daya dukung kawasan sehingga munculkerusakan sarana‐prasarana publik, permasalahan lalu lintas dan aktivitas sektor informal yang kurangtertata sehingga berpotensi mengarah pada penurunan kualitas lingkungan fisik. Permasalahanpermasalahantersebut dapat terakumulasi dan menurunkan daya saing kota, untuk itu penelitian iniberusaha merumuskan konsep perancangan kota yang tepat melalui perancangan deskriptif kualitatifuntuk mengembalikan kualitas lingkungan kawasan Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Salatiga. Konsepperancangan dirumuskan berdasarkan kriteria‐kriteria perancangan kota yang baik menggunakananalisis SWOT untuk mengakomodasi potensi kekuatan, kelemahan, kesempatan, dan ancaman diwilayah studi. Analisis menyarankan konsep perancangan Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Salatiga yangaplikatif meliputi komponen‐komponen: penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang manusiawi, penataansektor informal yang lebih baik, serta penataan lalu lintas.Kata kunci : pusat kota, kawasan perdagangan dan jasa, konsep perancangan, kualitas lingkunganfisik
Partisipasi Stakeholder dalam Pelestarian Kawasan Rindam IV/ Diponegoro Kota Magelang sebagai Kawasan Bersejarah
Authors: Kurniawan Nanang
Published: May 2017

Kawasan bersejarah yang terjaga dengan baik dapat memberikan identitas khas suatu kota,membedakannya dari kota lain, namun demikian usaha‐usaha pelestariannya terkadang mengalamikesulitan karena berbenturan dengan kegiatan‐kegiatan lain yang lebih mengarah pada pertumbuhanekonomi. Kawasan RINDAM IV/Diponegoro di Kota Magelang, Jawa Tengah merupakan suatu contohatas kondisi tersebut. Kawasan ini pada dasarnya adalah suatu markas militer aktif dan tempatpendidikan militer yang terletak di kota yang memiliki sejarah militer nasional yang panjang. Penelitianini mengkaji partisipasi pemangku kepentingan terkait yaitu TNI‐AD dan Pemerintah Kota Magelangdalam pelestarian kawasan RINDAM IV/Diponegoro di Magelang, melalui pendekatan kuantitatifmenggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi. Analisis menunjukkan tingginya dukungan stakeholderterkait dalam pelestarian Kawasan RINDAM IV/Diponegoro sebagai benda cagar budaya denganmelaksanakan delapan tahapan manajemen aset. Masing‐masing stakeholder memberikan kontribusiyang beragam sesuai dengan kewenangan dan kemampuannya. Studi ini menemukan adanya indikasikoordinasi yang baik antara TNI‐AD dan Pemerintah Kota. Namun demikian sinergi yang lebih baikantara TNI, Pemerintah Daerah, pengelola dan pengguna kawasan bersejarah, pemerhati sertamasyarakat diperlukan untuk mendukung upaya pelestarian yang berkelanjutan dan bermanfaat bagigenerasi selanjutnya.Kata Kunci : pelestarian kawasan bersejarah, partisipasi stakeholder, kawasan militer
Kajian Aktivitas Pedagang Kaki Lima di Ruang Publik Kawasan Simpang Lima Pati
Authors: Taufik Muhamat
Published: May 2017

Street vendors in Pati Simpang Lima area are invading urban public spaces with increasing number. Whileproviding job opportunities, their unregulated existence reduces the level of service of the public spacesand has starting to create environmental problems. The study examines the street vendors’ activitycharacteristics, space and infrastructure availability, seller and customer preference and the localgovernment’s policy on street vendors. The study identified that the availability of open public space inPati Simpang Lima area have attracted the increase of street vendor activities. There is a growing needfor infrastructure such as parking spaces, public toilets and waste related infrastructure. There has notbeen any local government regulation let alone innovative approaches to street vendor activities in eithersocio‐cultural, economic nor normative terms. The direction was to physically regulate the street vendorarea in terms of vendor space allocation, business times regulations and infrastructure. The lack of spacein the area has imposed a need for relocation for some of the vendors to a new place such as JalanPenjawi, with adequate supply of infrastructure. In terms of policy, there should be legalization andlimitation of the number of street vendors using socio‐cultural, economic and normative models.Keywords: street vendor activity, public space, area infrastructure
Analisis Dampak Pemasangan ATCS Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang (CO2) di Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kota Tangerang
Authors: Jatmiko Wahyu
Published: May 2017

Dalam mengurangi kemacetan lalu lintas, Pemerintah Kota Tangerang memasang ATCS di beberapasimpang prioritas menggunakan konsep Green Wave (koordinasi lampu hijau dibeberapa simpangprioritas untuk mengurangi waktu tundaan). Studi ini mengamati perubahan emisi CO2 di terkaitpemasangan ATCS di ruas Jl. Jend. Sudirman melalui pengamatan kinerja lalu lintas (tundaan danwaktu perjalanan). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan ATCS di lokasi kajian memperbaikikinerja lalu lintas ditandai pengurangan waktu tundaan rata-rata sebesar 5,633 detik (23,03%),pertambahan rata-rata kecepatan sebesar 1,56 km/jam (5,347%), pengurangan rata-rata emisi CO2(15,26% saat berhenti dan 6,208% saat berjalan), sehingga menghemat konsumsi bahan bakar. Dalamstudi ini, tundaan teridentifikasi sebagai variabel yang memberikan dampak yang paling besarterhadap emisi CO2. Studi ini berargumen bahwa pendekatan ATCS untuk optimasi simpang ini dapatdiperluas.Kata Kunci : ATCS, kinerja lalu lintas, CO2 emission
Mehr Hydra als Janus: Religion und Gewalt in Politikwissenschaft und Internationalen Beziehungen
Authors: Troy Jodok
Published: May 2017

Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass Religion, wie sie sich in politischen Konflikten präsentiert, so viele Ausprägungen hat, wie sich Menschen zu ihr bekennen und wie diese „ihre“ Religion in unterschiedlichen Kontexten interpretieren. Eine rein substantielle oder funktionale Konzeption von Religion greift somit analytisch zu kurz. Dies auch deshalb weil der Ursprung von Religion, anthropologisch und theologisch betrachtet, gewalttätiger Natur ist und der Unterschied zwischen religiösen und säkularen Identitätsmerkmalen ein gradueller, kein prinzipieller ist. Daraus ergib sich die Notwendigkeit alternativer Ansätze für ein Verständnis von Religion, Gewalt und Politik: Interpretative Ansätze; die Möglichkeit die mimetische Theorie für die Sozialwissenschaften fruchtbar zu machen; sowie der Umstand, dass Politische Theologie als eine Ergänzung politikwissenschaftlicher Analysen zu verstehen ist.
Struktur politischer Öffentlichkeiten auf Twitter am Beispiel österreichischer Innenpolitik
Authors: Schlögl Stephan , Maireder Axel
Published: May 2017

Der Beitrag nimmt die Struktur der österreichischen politischen Twittersphäre in einer Clusteranalyse der Accountverknüpfungen zwischen den NutzerInnen in den Blick. Diese zeigt 13 größere Communities, die als (Teil-)Öffentlichkeit im Sinne themenspezifischer verdichteter Kommunikationsräume verstanden werden können. Auf Basis netzwerkanalytische Merkmale und einer qualitativen Analyse der Nutzerbeschreibungen können acht politisch kategorisierbare und zwei regional verwurzelte Öffentlichkeiten identifiziert werden, die an der Peripherie des Netzwerks positioniert sind. Im Zentrum stehen dagegen ein Medien-Cluster und eine Community mit zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren, die beide Vermittlungsfunktionen für die politischen Cluster einzunehmen scheinen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse werden vor dem Hintergrund der österreichischen Parteienlandschaft diskutiert und mit Blick auf die Frage nach der Veränderung politischer Kommunikationsprozesse durch Soziale Onlinenetzwerke interpretiert.
Visuelle Repräsentationen antipluralistischer Politik am Beispiel der Islam- und Muslimenfeindlichkeit
Authors: Liebhart Karin
Published: May 2017

Im Zentrum des Beitrages stehen ausgewählte visuelle Repräsentationen islamfeindlicher/ antimuslimischer politischer Inhalte und Botschaften, die gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus und gesellschaftspolitische Vielfalt prinzipiell in Frage stellen. Mittels interpretativer und rekonstruktiver Methoden wurde wurde ausgewählte politische Werbung rechtspopulistischer und rechtsextremer Parteien in Österreich, der Schweiz, und Deutschland analysiert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf transnationalen Eigenschaften der politischen Bildsprache, insbesondere solcher Bilder, die inzwischen ikonenhaften Status erlangt haben.
Der Fall Hypo Alpe Adria: Wie können wir aus Fehlern lernen?
Authors: Biegelbauer Peter
Published: May 2017

Wie der Bericht der Griss-Kommission nachweist, ist die Pleite der Hypo Alpe Adria einem Versagen des österreichischen politischen Systems als solchem und nicht dem Fehlverhalten einzelner Personen oder Institutionen geschuldet. Aus dieser Beobachtung heraus beschäftigt sich der Beitrag mit der Frage, wie das österreichische politische System verändert werden muss, um aus Fehlern besser lernen zu können. Es werden mehrere entscheidende Faktoren aus der Forschung zu Politiklernen benannt und damit in Zusammenhang stehende Probleme der österreichischen Politik angesprochen.
Introduction
Authors: Brackett David
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the concept of genre through an array of theoretical lenses. The first point is that music genres are relational: they are defined by their similarity to and difference from other genres. The chapter then advocates for a genealogical approach to history, with an emphasis on the conditions of a genre’s emergence. Other concepts explored are the importance of scale or level in understanding how genres function as assemblages; that authorship in genres arises from collective dialogue among participants in a “genre world”; and that genre functions through repetition and difference in a process of iteration or citation. The latter half of the chapter proposes a model for a range of possible relationships between musical categories and group identities. The chapter closes with a discussion of the importance of “crossover” for understanding music-identity relations, and of the role that music industry popularity charts will play in the book.
Foreign Music and the Emergence of Phonography
Authors: Brackett David
Published: May 2017

Chapter two begins around 1900 with a discussion of the United States music industry in the early days of sound recording, which is examined for its impact on the categorization of popular music, and the new possibilities afforded for the circulation of genre-identity relations. The category of “foreign music” emerges in response first to an interest in music of faraway places facilitated by sound recording, and then to the discovery of marketing possibilities to recent European immigrants. The subcategories of Hawaiian and Jewish music are analyzed in more detail to show how foreign music moved from an emphasis on imaginary to homologous music-identity relations by the 1920s. The category of foreign music established a model for how the music industry could be structured around the concept of homological relations (that is, a direct one-to-one correspondence) between categories of music and categories of people.
Introduction
Authors: Chapoutot Johann
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter examines the scope of the relationship between National Socialism and antiquity, a topic that historians appear to neglect despite the fact that there have been precedents as to the political use of history—appealing to the past to justify political power in the present—which is a frequent phenomenon, all the more so in totalitarian regimes that seek to anchor their revolutionary political intentions in the depths of historical precedent. The possibilities afforded by the past appear, moreover, to have held great significance for National Socialism. Nazi Germany had coveted and revered the past as a sacred place of origin.
Origin Myths
Authors: Chapoutot Johann
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes how the National Socialist party adopted a discourse on the origins of the Nordic race. The Nazis developed a coherent origin myth and provided the German people with a distinguished ancestry because they wished to glorify a nation severely humiliated in 1918, first by a military defeat that was rarely acknowledged as such and subsequently by a peace at Versailles that was perceived as a diktat. This discourse on origins was conceived and transmitted in various ways, including academic and scholarly research. History and anthropology, often perceived as auxiliary sciences, were thrust into the service of the new reigning discipline, racial science (Rassenkunde), producing the kind of scholarship under the Third Reich that its leaders demanded.
The Racial State and Totalitarian Society
Authors: Chapoutot Johann
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the reading of Plato offered by Nazism and consequently by a large part of the German academy in the 1930s and 1940s, which understood Plato as the philosopher of dictatorship and the racial state. Here, Plato and his theory of the three races, the tripartite state of philosopher-kings, soldiers, and producers, had become the Helleno-Nordic precursor to National Socialist racism and its conception of society. Moreover, between 1933 and 1945, Plato remained strongly linked to Sparta. A racist, eugenicist, military state, Sparta received Hitler's seal of approval for its biological selectionism as the first truly racist and Nordic state, a legitimate precursor to the Third Reich.
Hop-Picking Time
Authors: Kopp Peter A.
Published: May 2017

Because of the West’s scarce labor situation, hop growers early on recognized the need to hire workers from all walks of life, including men and women, old and young, and across racial and ethnic lines. From the beginning, the three-week hop harvest was a multicultural affair that revealed the diversity of the West. The first half of this chapter explains the English origins of the American harvest season, including the actual demands and the festiveness of the harvest that many called a paid vacation. The second half of the chapter explains the opportunities and challenges that American Indian and East Asian agricultural workers faced while working in the Pacific Northwest hopyards during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Hop Center of the World
Authors: Kopp Peter A.
Published: May 2017

In the first decade of the twentieth century, Oregon became the leading hop producer in the United States, with the Willamette Valley contributing millions of pounds of hops to the world’s brewers. The region claimed to be the Hop Center of the World. This chapter explains how those in the industry sought to professionalize by connecting with local and international brewers, including Ireland’s Guinness Brewery, and international hop distribution companies. Additionally, industry leaders championed the region’s hops as the finest in the world and benefitted from the emergence of a hop research program at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Corvallis.
The Surprise of Prohibition
Authors: Kopp Peter A.
Published: May 2017

The threat of prohibition inspired Willamette Valley hop growers to join their farming brethren on the Pacific Coast to enter a political fight. It was a fight, however, that failed, as Oregon voters approved an initiative to prohibit the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol five years before Congress ratified the Eighteenth Amendment. Many hop growers abandoned the trade in fear of prohibition, along with others farmers that moved in the direction of grain, fruits, and vegetables to help in the World War I era. But those who stayed planted in hops were wise to do so. As the Great War unfolded in Europe, agricultural lands lay ruined. Additionally, Germany’s aggression corroded their hold on the international hop market. Willamette Valley growers seized the opportunity to expand their distribution shortly after the war and through the 1920s. So great was the success that even during Prohibition that eliminated domestic beer markets, Oregon growers expanded acreage in every year of the “dry decade.”
After the Hop Rush
Authors: Kopp Peter A.
Published: May 2017

The botanical disease downy mildew destroyed Willamette Valley hop acreage, leaving only dozens of farming families tending the crop by the midcentury compared to the hundreds earlier. Their worries did not end with disease, though. Growers during that period feared their prospects because large brewing companies used increasingly fewer hops in their beers, initially to meet post-Prohibition mandates and then the bland tastes of the 1950s and 1960s. In hindsight, the hop growers need not have worried. Even though American beers were less flavorful and hoppy, successful marketing by the big beer companies led to a major expansion in beer production and sale. During this era, big beer also supported Willamette Valley hop growers. Famers persevered because of these connections and because the growers also adopted industrial farming methods of the early Cold War. Yet, the fruit of their labor became less visible to American consumers.
Limp Wrists and Clenched Fists
Authors: Hobson Emily K.
Published: May 2017

By the mid 1970s radical gay men were building a gay left and forging alliances with lesbians. They sharpened their politics through socialist feminism and Chilean solidarity, confronted police brutality, and challenged racism in gay men's life. The organization Bay Area Gay Liberation built grassroots power while the Third World Gay Caucus networked gay and lesbian people of color. While gay and lesbian leftists pursued anti-imperialism over liberal reform, by the late 1970s they also joined strategic left-liberal coalitions against the New Right. Radicals played key roles in defeating the Briggs Initiative's attack on gay and lesbian teachers, and though unable to stop a death penalty measure, evidenced resistance to state violence in the White Night Riots.
24th and Mission
Authors: Hobson Emily K.
Published: May 2017

Gay and lesbian radicals opposed both the domestic and the foreign policies of the New Right and became allies to Nicaragua's Sandinista Revolution. Starting in 1978, activists began to organize uniquely lesbian and gay solidarity with Nicaragua and to use these efforts to address tensions between sexuality, socialism, and racial and ethnic identities. Lesbian and gay solidarity was anti-imperialist, anti-militarist, and sought multiracial community in the San Francisco Mission District. Activists built groups including the Gay Latino Alliance, Gay People for the Nicaraguan Revolution, and Lesbians and Gays Against Intervention. By 1983 lesbian and gay radicals had won a major presence in Central American solidarity and forged networks tied to women of color feminism and the San Francisco Women's Building.
Epilogue
Authors: Hobson Emily K.
Published: May 2017

By the early 1990s, the losses of AIDS and the end of the Cold War displaced the gay and lesbian left and brought military inclusion to the forefront of an increasingly neoliberal LGBT rights movement. Though queer radicals continued to organize and the field of queer studies grew, neither fully recognized the contributions of the gay and lesbian left. However, new continuities have become apparent in recent queer radicalism and scholarship, especially those modes that foreground queer of color critique and trans critique. The gay and lesbian left's transformative and transnational commitments are echoed today through queer work against prisons, involvement in Palestinian solidarity, queer immigrant organizing, and especially in the Black Lives Matter movement.
The Participants
Authors: Oleson James C.
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the index and control group respondents. It describes their demographics: IQ, sex, age, ethnicity/race, nationality, religion, education, occupation, income, marital status, and sexual orientation. It relates these variables to self-reported offending. The characteristics of the most criminal 20 percent (using measures that include crime frequency and crime seriousness) are compared with those of the least criminal 20 percent (including abstainers, who claim to have committed no offenses). The chapter also describes respondents’ personality traits (as measured by the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) and their experiences with mental illness and mental health treatment, as well as the books, movies, and famous figures that shaped the respondents’ thinking and influenced their behavior.
Explanations for High-IQ Crime
Authors: Oleson James C.
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the qualitative analyses derived from the forty-four follow-up interviews. It relays the life history of “Faulkner,” a drug trafficker with a 162 IQ who claims to have killed fifteen people. The chapter also describes the analysis of qualitative materials in light of Travis Hirschi’s theory of social bonds, noting that the interviews were consistent with explanations of crime based upon weakened social bonds (including elements of attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief). The chapter asks whether high IQ is always a protective factor or whether, at some levels and under some circumstances, it might operate as a criminogenic risk factor.
“Us Girls Get the Second Half”
Authors: Irwin Katherine , Umemoto Karen
Published: May 2017

Chapter three examines girls’ early childhood experiences in families and at school, and we highlight the pressures that girls uniquely experienced while growing up. We look at how girls’ family responsibilities, dress, demeanor, and their status in families and at school were constrained by numerous gender inequalities – a set of conditions that the girls thought of as inherently unfair and “unjust.” Considering these pressures, some girls spoke and struck out against those who harassed and targeted them, sometimes violently.
Youth Prepare for Adulthood
Authors: Irwin Katherine , Umemoto Karen
Published: May 2017

Where we introduced this book with Angel’s and Benny’s narratives, we complete the adolescent journey for these teens and others in chapter seven. In this chapter, we examine the different ways that youth prepared for young adulthood. Considering that several teens in this study grew up with chaotic circumstances -- some facing homelessness, multiple foster home placements, and incarceration as teens -- we look at whether supportive and capable adults can intervene in teens’ lives to help them as they prepare for adulthood. Just as gender shaped girls’ and boys’ childhood and teen experiences, transitions out of adolescence differed by gender as the pressures, constraints, and opportunities ranged for girls and boys.
Theoretical Conclusions
Authors: Irwin Katherine , Umemoto Karen
Published: May 2017

Chapter eight showcases our theoretical interpretations of our findings reviewed in chapters three through seven. Featuring racial and gender inequalities, which we call the system of colonial patriarchy, we fill gaps in youth violence perspectives, interlocking inequalities perspectives of youth, and assumptions within the field of critical youth studies. We offer a theory of colonial patriarchy to explain youth violence, and we suggest how a colonial patriarchy lens can expand theories of punishment in the U.S.
Compassionate and Constructive Policy and Practice
Authors: Irwin Katherine , Umemoto Karen
Published: May 2017

In chapter nine we conclude the book with an exploration of compassionate policy reforms and emancipatory practices within the rising tide of juvenile justice reform nationally and in Hawai‘i. We begin with a story of a family loss to highlight the failures of the existing justice system to bring resolution and restore peace in the face of violence. We press for better alternatives and describe a practice of healing and restoration traditional to Native Hawaiians called Ho‘oponopono in work among youth and families.
Theory of Scarcity-Variability, Conflict, and Cooperation
Authors: Dinar Shlomi , Dinar Ariel
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the linkages between water scarcity and variability and conflict and cooperation. It focuses on the scarcity-cooperation contention and then hypothesizes that, rather than a linear relationship, an inverted U-shaped constitutes the relationship between scarcity and cooperation and between water variability and cooperation. The chapter surveys a large corpus of literature (both theoretical and empirical) from various disciplines to build a theory to explain the relationship between level of water scarcity and level of cooperation over international water. While the premise that scarcity motivates cooperation (or coordination across parties) is not novel, it has been fairly rare compared to the literature that touts the relationship between scarcity, environmental change, and conflict. The model suggests that cooperation is more likely when scarcity and variability are moderate (and by extension require smaller mitigation costs). The theory also suggests that while scarcity and variability may indeed lead to cooperation, very high levels of scarcity and very low levels of scarcity (water abundance) actually reduce the incidence of cooperation.
Institutions and the Stability of Cooperative Arrangements under Scarcity and Variability
Authors: Dinar Shlomi , Dinar Ariel
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the role of institutions in facilitating treaty effectiveness. It discusses the importance of international agreements in promoting and sustaining cooperation. It considers treaty design to further reflect on the type of treaties, and the various mechanisms stipulated in these agreements, that contribute to treaty effectiveness by assuaging conflict in situations of water scarcity and increased variability. The chapter argues that the design of a treaty seems particularly relevant in regions where climate change and water variability could impact the ability of basin states to effectively manage shared water. The chapter demonstrates how various mechanisms such as different water allocation mechanisms, as well as additional stipulations, such as, side-payments, issue-linkage, benefit-sharing, adaptability, and information exchange, affect the performance of the treaty in the context of water scarcity and variability. These mechanisms are examined from an empirical and large-n perspective, assessing how treaties with such mechanisms fare compared to treaties devoid of these mechanisms.
Evidence
Authors: Dinar Shlomi , Dinar Ariel
Published: May 2017

This chapter builds on the empirical results presented in Chapters 3 and 4 that consider the relationship between scarcity, variability and cooperation as well as treaty effectiveness. It also builds on Chapter 5, which examines various arrangements and principles (issue linkage, second-order resources strategies, supply-side solutions, demand-side solutions, income transfer—also regarded as ‘benefit transfer’ or ‘side-payments’—and inter-basin linkages) codified in treaties, by considering other arrangements not yet reviewed. Based on these arrangements and principles, the chapter assesses the effectiveness of a sampling of treaties from a handful of basins. The chapter also includes five case studies to infer the various ways riparian states negotiate treaties under conditions of scarcity and variability. The case studies demonstrate that there are a variety of arrangements developed to deal with water scarcity.
Introduction
Authors: Horton Sarah Bronwen
Published: May 2017

Why do farmworkers experience heat death more frequently than other outdoor workers, and why are migrant men at particular risk? While heat death may appear a “natural” phenomenon, this book instead implicates U.S. public policies in its production. Drawing upon nearly a decade of ethnography with the same 15 migrant farmworkers, this book examines the way that U.S. labor and immigration policies place them at particular risk in the fields, even as health and social assistance policies offer them little succor when their bodies begin to decline. Yet this book is not about heat death alone; instead, it uses the phenomenon to shed light on migrant farmworkers’ higher burden of chronic illness and cardiovascular mortality at home as well. The introduction addresses the ethical and logistical challenges posed by conducting longitudinal research with vulnerable populations such as migrant farmworkers and makes the case for an advocacy anthropology.
“Child Neglect:”
Authors: Horton Sarah Bronwen
Published: May 2017

Besides “identity loan,” another important illicit subsistence strategy crucial to farmworkers’ survival is relying upon child labor. While many sources have documented the perils of children working in agriculture, few have examined the fact that children must assume others’ identities in order to be hired. Because child labor laws make it illegal for teens to work more than 60 hours a week, no employer will hire a teen “on the books.” Teens, then, routinely disguise themselves as adults in order to work the summer harvest to supplement their parents’ limited incomes. Yet teens’ working loaned identities propels them into a “space of nonexistence” when they are injured, preventing them from receiving the care they need. Indeed, teens’ work in the fields in fact incriminates both their employers and their parents, leading to their or their parents’ denounce-ability, untreated illness, and sometimes death.
Conclusion
Authors: Horton Sarah Bronwen
Published: May 2017

What public policy reforms can help prevent heat-related syndemics in California’s fields—the intertwined epidemics of heat illness and cardiovascular disease that often lead to work mortality? This chapter reviews several important reforms to our immigration, labor, health care, and food safety policies that could help ensure the safety and health of those who harvest our food. It concludes with a discussion of acts of “pragmatic solidarity” in which we can all engage—that is, how the lay public and engaged and applied anthropologists can intervene to protect the health of some of the nation’s most “exceptional” workers.
Making History: Chan as an Art Form
Authors: Cole Alan
Published: May 2017

This chapter highlights several important elements at work in the process of writing history. The first thing to see is that writing history represents a doubling of reality: in addition to the everyday world that one lives in, where one's senses are engaged in a fluid and continuous manner, the writer of history works to evoke scenes and events that, though invisible, can be made to appear to the reader as integral parts of reality, albeit in the past. Put this way, one can appreciate how the skills needed to write history reflect the growing human ability to artify the world. Why this matters for understanding Chan literature is that one wouldn't be far wrong in describing Chan as a gradually solidifying set of literary gestures designed to enhance—and organize—the present, by carefully designing and curating images of an imaginary past.
The Platform Sūtra and Other Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Cole Alan
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the Platform Sūtra. Composed sometime in the late eighth century, Platform Sūtra picks up and works over a number of claims regarding the Bodhidharma clan that had been put forth in earlier Chan works. The text opens with an unusually creative “autobiography” of Huineng, one that circles around an involved conspiracy supposedly orchestrated by master Hongren. As the details of the conspiracy come into focus, the reader learns that Hongren's chosen heir was not Shenxiu, but rather Huineng. With that startling “history” newly revealed roughly one hundred years after the events supposedly took place, the narrative turns to show Huineng giving a formal dharma teaching that, in places, appears to negate many of the building blocks of the Buddhist tradition, while also emphasizing the innate presence of perfect tradition within each person in the form of the buddha-nature.