bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
'A limpet on a ship': Spatio‐temporal dynamics of patient and public involvement in research
Authors: Papoulias Stan (Constantina) , Callard Felicity
Published: March 2021

Objective

To understand how current funding expectations that applied health research is undertaken in partnership with research institutions, health service providers and other stakeholders may impact on patient and public involvement (PPI).

Background

While there is considerable research on the potential impact of PPI in health research, the processes of embedding PPI in research teams remain understudied. We draw on anthropological research on meetings as sites of production and reproduction of institutional cultures and external contexts to investigate how these functions of meetings may affect the potential contributions of patients, carers and the public in research.

Methods

We present an ethnography of meetings that draws from a larger set of case studies of PPI in applied health research settings. The study draws on ethnographic observations, interviews with team members, analysis of documents and a presentation of preliminary findings through which feedback from informants was gathered.

Results

We identified four means by which the oversight meetings regulated research and constrained the possibilities for PPI: a logic of ‘deliverables’ and imagined interlocutors, the performance of inclusion, positioning PPI in an ‘elsewhere’ of research, and the use of meetings to embed apprenticeship for junior researchers.

Conclusions

PPI is essentially out of sync from the institutional logic of ‘deliverables’ constituting research partnerships. Embedding PPI in research requires challenging this logic.
Predictive score for vesicoureteral reflux in children with a first febrile urinary tract infection
Authors: Lertdumrongluk Kanita , Lertdumrongluk Paungpaga
Published: March 2021

Objective

To develop a simple score for predicting vesicoureteral reflux after a first febrile urinary tract infection in children.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted for a 12‐year period (January 2008 to December 2019), including patients aged <72 months who underwent renal ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography after a first febrile urinary tract infection. Patients with a history of antenatal hydronephrosis were excluded. The prediction model and score for vesicoureteral reflux were developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Out of 260 patients in total (median age 4 months, 172 boys), 41 (16%) had vesicoureteral reflux. The score was based on four independent risk factors, including age >6 months (odds ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.27–5.76), presence of sepsis (odds ratio 3.44, 95% confidence interval 1.31–9.04), white blood cell count ≥15 000/mm3 (odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 0.88–3.8) and abnormal renal ultrasonography results (odds ratio 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1–4.31). A lower probability of vesicoureteral reflux (positive likelihood ratio = 0.66; P = 0.001) was found in the low‐risk group (scores 0–2), whereas a higher probability of vesicoureteral reflux (positive likelihood ratio = 2.54; P = 0.001) was found in the high‐risk group (scores 3–5). The predictive ability of the model was 70%.

Conclusions

The scores developed based on the patient characteristics and renal ultrasonography are useful in predicting presence of vesicoureteral reflux after a first febrile urinary tract infection in children and could guide clinicians' decisions to perform additional imaging studies.
Prevalence and predictors of postoperative detrusor underactivity after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hata Junya , Onagi Akifumi , Tanji Ryo , Honda‐Takinami Ruriko , Matsuoka Kanako , Hoshi Seiji , Sato Yuichi , Ogawa Soichiro , Kataoka Masao , Haga Nobuhiro , Kojima Yoshiyuki
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To identify the prevalence and predictors of postoperative detrusor underactivity during the early postoperative period after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.

Methods

We carried out a prospective observational study of 64 patients scheduled for robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy using urodynamic study before and 1 month after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Detrusor underactivity was defined as maximum flow rate ≤15 mL/s and detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate ≤25 cmH2O during voiding. Incidences of pre‐ and postoperative detrusor underactivity were assessed, and predictors of postoperative detrusor underactivity were determined using uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Factors comprised patient characteristics (age, prostate weight etc.), operative factors (surgical duration, nerve sparing etc.) and preoperative urodynamic study parameters (maximum flow rate, bladder contractile index etc.).

Results

Pre‐ and postoperative detrusor underactivity at 1 month after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy were detected in one patient (1.6%) and 24 patients (37.5%), respectively. Univariate analysis selected preoperative maximum flow rate (P = 0.02), detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (P = 0.04) and bladder contractile index (P < 0.01) as predictors of postoperative detrusor underactivity (odds ratio 0.83, 0.97 and 0.94, respectively). On multivariate analyses, only preoperative bladder contractile index was associated with postoperative detrusor underactivity (P < 0.01; odds ratio 0.94). A cut‐off of 102.8 offered optimal accuracy in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Patient characteristics and operative factors were not significantly associated with postoperative detrusor underactivity.

Conclusions

A comparatively high prevalence of postoperative detrusor underactivity is observed in patients at 1 month after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Patients with preoperative low bladder contractile index have a higher probability of developing early postoperative detrusor underactivity after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.
Enhanced hybrid improper ferroelectricity in Fe/Nb cosubstituted Ca3Mn2O7 ceramics
Authors: Chen Bu Hang , Sun Tu Lai , Wei Li Yu , Liu Xiao Qiang , Wen Wen , Tian He , Li Jiang Yu , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: March 2021

The prototypical Ruddlesden‐Popper compound Ca3Mn2O7 has been predicted to possess hybrid improper ferroelectricity, where the polarization is induced by the condensation of two oxygen octahedral distortion modes. Nevertheless, it is a big challenge to switch the polarization at room temperature in Ca3Mn2O7 since the presence of intermediate nonpolar Acaa phase generally leads to the complex domain morphology. Here, the effects of Fe/Nb cosubstitution on hybrid improper ferroelectricity in Ca3Mn2O7 are reported, and easy polarization switching at room temperature is achieved in Ca3[Mn0.5(Fe0.5Nb0.5)0.5]2O7. The ferroelectric phase transition occurs directly from I4/mmm to A21am at a temperature far above room temperature without intermediate nonpolar Acaa phase. The distinct transition pathway forms the alternating 180°‐type ferroelectric domains rather than the irregular 90°‐type ferroelastic domains stacked along [001], resulting in easy polarization switching at room temperature. Moreover the enhanced ferroelectric polarization (Pr ~2.0 μC/cm2) is obtained due to the increased anti‐ferrodistortive displacements of Ca cations at A‐site, arising from the larger amplitudes of oxygen octahedral distortions. Chemical pressure is emphasized here for the tunability of phase transition, domain morphology, and ferroelectric characteristics, and it provides a useful approach for designing and creating high‐performance improper ferroelectrics.
Women’s experiences of breech birth and disciplinary power
Authors: Morris Sara , Geraghty Sadie , Sundin Deborah
Published: March 2021

Aims

To explore women's experiences of breech pregnancy and birth to identify areas in practice for improvement.

Design

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted involving 20 women who had experienced a breech birth between 2013 and 2018.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were examined using a free‐form ‘circling and parking’ style of analysis. Foucault's concepts of power/knowledge were utilized to describe existing power relations.

Results

Women experienced varying degrees of disciplinary power throughout their experiences. Knowledge was used as a means of enforcing disciplinary power by some clinicians and by women to ‘arm’ themselves and ‘fight’ to regain what they perceived as a loss of power and autonomy. Midwives were seen as navigators of a restrictive, medicalized healthcare system.

Conclusion

By better understanding the power dynamics which exist as well as the stages women go through when experiencing a breech presentation, there remains the potential to identify areas in practice which need improving, and aid clinicians in better supporting women through what can be a very difficult time.
Supported Voting: A How‐To Guide
Authors: Khorasanee Kasim , Carter Matilda
Published: March 2021

This article takes as its starting point the moral requirement to include persons with serious cognitive impairments in democratic decision‐making. That said, including such persons poses particular practical challenges to effective democratic participation. Nussbaum has set out the most extensive proposals for inclusion based on a model of guardianship, but we find they fall short due to not suitably respecting and facilitating the subjective decision‐making of impaired persons. Instead, we argue for a model of co‐constitution, whereby aides work within a supported decision‐making paradigm to arrive at political choices in collaboration with impaired persons. To flesh out this model, we propose collaboration be based on three ideal types of interaction – expert, Socratic, and deliberative – designed to accommodate differing degrees and types of cognitive impairments. We further argue that the aide should have a relationship of detached professionalism with the impaired person and therefore should not be the person’s carer. Finally, we conclude that this separation be combined with transparent and regular invigilation of the aide’s decision‐making process to best safeguard the process from abuse or error.
Urban tolerance of birds changes throughout the full annual cycle
Authors: Callaghan Corey T. , Cornwell William K. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Benedetti Yanina , Morelli Federico
Published: March 2021

Aim

As urban areas continue to expand, it is increasingly important to quantify species‐specific responses to urban environments, and how these change across the full annual cycle. Our objective was to quantify urban tolerance for North American birds across the time. We tested (a) whether intra‐annual variability of urban tolerance differed between migrants and residents and (b) whether intra‐annual variability of urban tolerance was phylogenetically conserved. We then assessed how the relationship between ecological and life history traits and urban tolerance differed both across the year and between migrants and residents.

Location

North America.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

We integrated a large citizen science dataset of observations for 237 bird species, remotely sensed VIIRS night‐time lights data, and trait data on each species. We estimate, for each species and each month of the year, a continuous measure of urban tolerance (i.e. the median of their distribution of observations across an urbanization gradient). We then use phylogenetic linear models to assess the relationship between this measure of urban tolerance and various life history and ecological traits.

Results

There was a distinct drop in the overall urban tolerance scores corresponding with the breeding period; this pattern was more pronounced for migrants compared to residents. Migrants also had greater intra‐annual variability than resident species. We also found that the strength of the relationships between ecological and life history traits and urban tolerance was highly seasonal for most traits considered, and some divergent patterns were noted between migrants and residents.

Main conclusions

The urban tolerance of birds greatly changed throughout the annual cycle, with different patterns for migrants and residents. Compared to residents, migrants showed more intra‐annual variability of urban tolerance with a drop in the average urban tolerance score during the breeding season. Together, our results suggest that urban tolerance is a function of both species and season, and they highlight the importance of considering the dynamic nature of birds' use of urban ecosystems throughout the full annual cycle.
Scanning ion conductance microscopy of live human glomerulus
Authors: Bohovyk Ruslan , Fedoriuk Mykhailo , Isaeva Elena , Shevchuk Andrew , Palygin Oleg , Staruschenko Alexander
Published: March 2021

Podocyte damage is a hallmark of glomerular diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, typically associated with marked albuminuria and progression of renal pathology. Podocyte structural abnormalities and loss are also linked to minimal change disease and more common diabetic kidney disease. Here we applied the first‐time scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) technique to assess the freshly isolated human glomerulus's topology. SICM provides a unique opportunity to evaluate glomerulus podocytes as well as other nephron structural segments with electron microscopy resolution but in live samples. Shown here is the application of the SICM method in the live human glomerulus, which provides proof of principle for future dynamic analysis of membrane morphology and various functional parameters in living cells.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease: A prospective study with correlation to standard clinical findings—Is there added value?
Authors: Probst Monika , Burian Egon , Robl Teresa , Weidlich Dominik , Karampinos Dimitrios , Brunner Teresa , Zimmer Claus , Probst Florian Andreas , Folwaczny Matthias
Published: March 2021

Aim

To evaluate the correlation between standard clinical findings, radiographic (OPT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as to assess whether MRI is capable of providing additional information related to the severity and extent of periodontal disease.

Methods

42 patients with generalized periodontitis received pre‐interventional MRI scans. These were compared to MR images of a periodontal healthy control group (n = 34). The extent of the osseous oedema, detected by MRI, was set in correlation with clinical periodontitis‐associated findings.

Results

A highly significant correlation between bone oedema and clinical testings such as probing depth (p < 0.0001) and bleeding on probing (p < 0.0001) was revealed. The oedema exceeded the extent of demineralized bone. Patients with a positive BOP test showed a 2.51‐fold increase in risk of already having a bone oedema around the respective tooth even if probing depth was ≤3 mm (logistic binary regression analysis, OR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.54–4.11; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

MRI findings correlated with standard clinical findings, and MRI was able to depict intraosseous changes before any osseous defect had occurred.
Using national register data to estimate the heritability of periodontitis
Authors: Haworth Simon , Esberg Anders , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lundberg Pernilla , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Johansson Ingegerd
Published: March 2021

Aim

To identify whether periodontal traits derived from electronic dental records are biologically informative and heritable.

Materials and methods

The study included 11,974 adult twins (aged 30–92 years) in the Swedish Twin Registry. Periodontal records from dental examinations were retrieved from a national register and used to derive continuous measures of periodontal health. A latent class approach was used to derive categorial measures of periodontal status. The correlation patterns in these traits were contrasted in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs using quantitative genetic models to estimate the heritability of the traits.

Results

For continuous traits, heritability estimates ranged between 41.5% and 48.3% with the highest estimates for number of missing tooth surfaces and rate of change in number of deep periodontal pockets (≥6 mm). For categorial traits, the latent class approach identified three classes (good periodontal health, mild periodontitis signs and severe signs of periodontitis) and there was a clear difference in the hazard for subsequent tooth loss between these three classes. Despite this, the class allocations were only slightly more heritable than a conventional dichotomous disease definition (45.2% vs. 42.6%).

Conclusions

Periodontitis is a moderately heritable disease. Quantitative periodontal traits derived from electronic records are an attractive target for future genetic association studies.
Genome‐wide association study of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis (former aggressive periodontitis) in a Spanish population
Authors: de Coo Alicia , Cruz Raquel , Quintela Inés , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Diz Pedro , Rodríguez Grandío Segundo , Vallcorba Nuria , Ramos Isabel , Oteo Alfonso , Serrano Cristina , Esmatges Alejandro , Enrile Francisco , Mateos Leopoldo , García Roberto , Álvarez‐Novoa Pablo , Noguerol Blas , Zabalegui Ion , Blanco‐Moreno José , Alonso Ángel , Lorenzo Ramón , Carracedo Angel , Blanco Juan
Published: March 2021

Aim

To identify loci associated with stages III/IV, grade C periodontitis (PIII/IV‐C) through a genome‐wide association study (GWAS).

Materials and Methods

441 Caucasian Spanish PIII/IV‐C cases from the SEPA Network of Research Clinics and 1141 controls from the Banco Nacional de ADN were genotyped with “Axiom Spain Biobank Array,” which contains 757836 markers, including rare and low‐frequency Spanish variants. The analysis of the individual association and subsequently the gene‐level analysis with Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT) were carried out adjusting for age, sex and PC1 covariates. Pathway Analysis was additionally performed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software on the top associated genes.

Results

In the individual analyses, no genome‐wide significant signals were detected. However, 8 SNPs of 8 loci reached suggestive evidence of association with PIII/IV‐C, including FAT3 rs35709256, CSNK1G2 rs4807188, MYH13 rs2074872, CNTN2 rs116611488, ANTXR1 rs4854545, 8p23.2 rs78672540, ANGPT1 rs13439823 and PLEC rs11993287 (p < 5 × 10−6). SKAT analysis identified other interesting signals at CNTN2, FBXO44, AP1M2, RSPO4, KRI1, BPIFB1 and INMT, although their probability does not exceed the multiple‐test correction. IPA indicated significant enrichment of pathways related to cAMP, IL‐2, CD28, VDR/RXR and PI3K/Akt. 

Conclusions

GWAS found no SNPs significantly associated with PIII/IV‐C.
Fathering and masculine norms: Implications for the socialization of children's emotion regulation
Authors: Cherry Kathryn E. , Gerstein Emily D.
Published: March 2021

Emotion regulation skills are important across the lifespan for psychological and interpersonal functioning. Research on children's emotion regulation skill development often examines parent socialization of emotion. However, this research has focused on mothers, neglecting fathers' roles in emotionally socializing children. This is concerning because traditional Western masculine norms include restricted emotionality, and conformity to these norms relates to emotion dysregulation. Fathers' views on masculinity are likely to impact their parenting attitudes and behavior and therefore relate to their socialization of children's emotion regulation. Research and theory need to include fathers from a variety of cultural backgrounds and family constellations in order to better understand the relation between masculinity and fathering behavior, particularly fathers' beliefs and behaviors toward socializing their children's emotion regulation. This review also discusses implications for prevention and intervention work with fathers and children, as well as key methodological issues and future directions for research and policy.
Factors associated with concordance between POLST orders and current treatment preferences
Authors: Hickman Susan E. , Torke Alexia M. , Sachs Greg A. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Tang Qing , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Heim Smith Nicholette , Myers Anne L. , Hammes Bernard J.
Published: March 2021

Background

POLST is widely used to document the treatment preferences of nursing facility residents as orders, but it is unknown how well previously completed POLST orders reflect current preferences (concordance) and what factors are associated with concordance.

Objectives

To describe POLST preference concordance and identify factors associated with concordance.

Design

Chart reviews to document existing POLST orders and interviews to elicit current treatment preferences.

Setting

POLST‐using nursing facilities (n = 29) in Indiana.

Participants

Nursing facility residents (n = 123) and surrogates of residents without decisional capacity (n = 152).

Measurements

Concordance was determined by comparing existing POLST orders for resuscitation, medical interventions, and artificial nutrition with current treatment preferences. Comfort‐focused POLSTs contained orders for do not resuscitate, comfort measures, and no artificial nutrition.

Results

Overall, 55.7% (123/221) of residents and 44.7% (152/340) of surrogates participated (total n = 275). POLST concordance was 44%, but concordance was higher for comfort‐focused POLSTs (68%) than for non‐comfort‐focused POLSTs (27%) (p < 0.001). In the unadjusted analysis, increasing resident age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07, p < 0.01), better cognitive functioning (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.13, p < 0.01), surrogate as the decision‐maker (OR 2.87, OR 1.73–4.75, p < 0.001), and comfort‐focused POLSTs (OR 6.01, 95% CI 3.29–11.00, p < 0.01) were associated with concordance. In the adjusted multivariable model, only having an existing comfort‐focused POLST was associated with higher odds of POLST concordance (OR 5.28, 95% CI 2.59–10.73, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Less than half of all POLST forms were concordant with current preferences, but POLST was over five times as likely to be concordant when orders reflected preferences for comfort‐focused care. Findings suggest a clear need to improve the quality of POLST use in nursing facilities and focus its use among residents with stable, comfort‐focused preferences.
Reasons for discordance and concordance between POLST orders and current treatment preferences
Authors: Hickman Susan E. , Torke Alexia M. , Heim Smith Nicholette , Myers Anne L. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Hammes Bernard J. , Sachs Greg A.
Published: March 2021

Background

The reasons for discordance between advance care planning (ACP) documentation and current preferences are not well understood. The POLST form offers a unique opportunity to learn about the reasons for discordance and concordance that has relevance for POLST as well as ACP generally.

Design

Qualitative descriptive including constant comparative analysis within and across cases.

Setting

Twenty‐six nursing facilities in Indiana.

Participants

Residents (n = 36) and surrogate decision‐makers of residents without decisional capacity (n = 37).

Measurements

A semi‐structured interview guide was used to explore the reasons for discordance or concordance between current preferences and existing POLST forms.

Findings

Reasons for discordance include: (1) problematic nursing facility practices related to POLST completion; (2) missing key information about POLST treatment decisions; (3) deferring to others; and (4) changes over time. Some participants were unable to explain the discordance due to a lack of insight or inability to remember details of the original POLST conversation. Explanations for concordance include: (1) no change in the resident's medical condition and/or the resident is unlikely to improve; (2) use of the substituted judgment standard for surrogate decision‐making; and (3) fixed opinion about what is “right” with little to no insight.

Conclusion

Participant explanations for discordance between existing POLST orders and current preferences highlight the importance of adequate structures and processes to support high quality ACP in nursing facilities. Residents with stable or poor health may be more appropriate candidates for POLST than residents with a less clear prognosis, though preferences should be revisited periodically as well as when there is a change in condition to help ensure existing documentation is concordant with current treatment preferences.
Expanding our international reach: Trends in the development of systemic family therapy training and implementation in Africa
Authors: Asiimwe Ronald , Lesch Elmien , Karume Michelle , Blow Adrian J.
Published: March 2021

Family therapy is growing around the world including in many parts of Africa. Although the African continent has many mental and family health needs that family therapists are well‐suited to treat, barriers to the widespread application of family therapy on the African continent remain. In this article, we review the current state of systemic family therapy (SFT) in Africa. Drawing from existing literature, we discuss past, current, and future trends, including challenges related to the training and implementation of SFT in Africa. We devote sections of this article to discussing the historical and cultural context, including the fit for family therapy, along with ongoing initiatives in various African countries, using examples from three African countries. We emphasize and discuss the influence of Western models of family therapy in informing family therapy research, training, and implementation in Africa and discuss implications for the African context.
Estimation of price and income elasticity of residential water demand in the Czech Republic over three decades
Authors: Ščasný Milan , Smutná Šarlota
Published: March 2021

This paper contributes to residential water demand literature by providing price and income elasticity estimates for a country which has undergone deep structural, institutional and economic changes. We analyze short‐run and long‐run residential water demand using household‐level data for the Czech Republic for the period of 1993–2016, during which the price of water nearly tripled, consumption decreased by a third, and families became considerably richer. Our estimates of price and income elasticity indicate low responsiveness of households to changes of these factors. Income elasticity is about +0.16 and it is robust across models. The short‐run price elasticity is about −0.22, on the low end of estimates derived for other developed economies. Long‐run price elasticity is around −0.30. While households were more price responsive during the period of economic transformation, they became completely unresponsive during the later economic boom.
Identifying and selecting effective graphic health warnings to prevent perceptual wearout on tobacco packaging and in advertising
Authors: Burton Scot , Andrews J. Craig , Netemeyer Richard G.
Published: March 2021

Graphic visual health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packaging are used in more than 120 countries globally. Because there are concerns about the effectiveness of using the same visual warnings over many years due to wearout, a primary issue is how to identify the most effective visual stimuli. Adolescent smokers and nonsmokers provided more than 2000 ratings of different visual warnings. Cluster analysis and follow‐up analyses are used to identify a high‐performing visual stimuli group from the larger group of GHWs. Subsequent analyses also show that compared to other pictorial stimuli, the high‐performing group is perceived as effective in preventing adolescent smoking initiation and adolescent smokers' motivation to quit. These findings addressing the selection and evaluation of high‐performing visual warnings have implications for global health and public policy communities through identification of pictorial warnings that can be most effective in impacting smoking‐related outcomes for adolescents.
Dreaming inBlack:Middle‐class Blacks' aspirational consumption
Authors: Claytor Cassi Pittman
Published: March 2021

When Blacks think about making it big, do they wish for the same types of things as other Americans? How does their race affect what makes it onto their wish lists? Drawing on interviews with 54 middle‐class Black New Yorkers this paper investigates their imagined future consumption. The findings reveal that for most middle‐class Blacks their combined race and class status influenced how they envisioned their aspirational consumption. By analyzing their aspirational consumption, it became clear that they were embedded in a materialistic society that links the achievement of the American Dream with the acquisition of specific things. Yet for many middle‐class Blacks their aspirational consumption also departed from traditional individualist goals, as their commitment to racial uplift was evident in their aspirational consumption. However, there was a small group for whom the pleasure and status that comes from the acquisition of material possessions weighted heavily in their consumption fantasies.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy acts as an alternative method in treating injection‐induced nodules
Authors: Wang Hayson Chenyu , Zhai Haixin , Chen Cheng , Ren Xinyu , Wang Xiaojun
Published: March 2021

Background

Cosmetic injection‐induced nodules are tricky to handle in the clinic.

Aims

We reported a case of injection‐induced nodule receiving the experimental treatment of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HOT).

Patient

A woman presented with multiple red solid nodules on the neck after receiving mesotherapy conducted by syringe. Ultrasound examination showed multiple thickened inflammatory skin tissues on the neck. Pathological biopsy results showed epithelioid granulomas in the dermis, within which there were degenerative necrosis and foreign bodies in the center and multinucleated giant cells around. The bacteria tests remained negative. Diagnosed with foreign body granuloma, the patient rejected the resection or steroids, but willingly took the experimental treatment of HOT instead. After one month, the patient's ultrasound examination showed that the lesion's local hardness got significantly reduced, and the local blood flow increased, indicating the condition improved.

Results

Although the patient's nodule has not been eliminated, some improvements have been achieved. So far there has no case report on HOT treating injection‐induced nodules in the literature.

Conclusion

HOT may be considered as a potential alternative when other treatment options cannot be implemented. More research is needed in this field.
Daily stress reactivity: The unique roles of personality and social support
Authors: Kaurin Aleksandra , Wright Aidan G. C. , Kamarck Thomas W.
Published: March 2021

Background

The processes through which social support exerts its influence in daily life are not well understood. Arguably, its salutary effects as an environmental variable might be construed as shared effects of personality.

Method

To test this possibility, we investigated the unique and shared effects of personality and social support on daily stressor exposure (social conflict, task strain) and on the within‐person association of stressor exposure with perceived stress. A community‐sample of N = 391 adults completed an ambulatory assessment protocol for two 2‐day periods with fixed hourly intervals spread across 16 hr.

Results

Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, multilevel structural equation models returned that both, personality and perceived social support, predicted daily stressor exposure and moderated within‐person effects of daily stressors on perceived stress. In contrast to our hypotheses, received social support had no effect on daily stress processes. When Extraversion, Neuroticism, and social support were added as joint predictors, Neuroticism and Extraversion were related to stressor exposure, and further moderated the within‐person link between stressor exposure and stress experience, while perceived social support had an incremental beneficial effect on social conflict exposure and stress appraisal.

Conclusion

Social support does not increment the well‐established relationships between Neuroticism or Extraversion and stress reactivity.
Intra‐Horizon expected shortfall and risk structure in models with jumps
Authors: Farkas Walter , Mathys Ludovic , Vasiljević Nikola
Published: March 2021

The present article deals with intra‐horizon risk in models with jumps. Our general understanding of intra‐horizon risk is along the lines of the approach taken in Boudoukh et al. (2004); Rossello (2008); Bhattacharyya et al. (2009); Bakshi and Panayotov (2010); and Leippold and Vasiljević (2020). In particular, we believe that quantifying market risk by strictly relying on point‐in‐time measures cannot be deemed a satisfactory approach in general. Instead, we argue that complementing this approach by studying measures of risk that capture the magnitude of losses potentially incurred at any time of a trading horizon is necessary when dealing with (m)any financial position(s). To address this issue, we propose an intra‐horizon analogue of the expected shortfall for general profit and loss processes and discuss its key properties. Our intra‐horizon expected shortfall is well‐defined for (m)any popular class(es) of Lévy processes encountered when modeling market dynamics and constitutes a coherent measure of risk, as introduced in Cheridito et al. (2004). On the computational side, we provide a simple method to derive the intra‐horizon risk inherent to popular Lévy dynamics. Our general technique relies on results for maturity‐randomized first‐passage probabilities and allows for a derivation of diffusion and single jump risk contributions. These theoretical results are complemented with an empirical analysis, where popular Lévy dynamics are calibrated to the S&P 500 index and Brent crude oil data, and an analysis of the resulting intra‐horizon risk is presented.
Liberalism and the Common Good
Authors: Rusch Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Theorists with strongly communal understandings of the common good frequently criticize the modern liberal state for failing to provide for the common good and for interfering with local communities. These critics, however, are less clear about what role, if any, the state should play in modern life. In order to trace a middle ground between liberal attempts to justify the state and too hasty communitarian condemnations of it, I develop a two-tiered theory of political justification. All political justification is to be seen in relationship to the common good of a community. While only local communities have a common good and a direct claim to political authority, the state can still have an indirect and derivative authority. After examining how this theory applies to thinkers such as Alasdair MacIntyre, Michael Sandel, and Charles Taylor, I propose an appropriate model for the relationship between local communities and the state.
Towards the development of a national patient transfer document between residential and acute care—A pilot study
Authors: Tuohy Dympna , Fahy Anne , O'Doherty Jane , Meskell Pauline , O'Reilly Pauline , O'Brien Brid , Murphy Jill , Doody Owen , Graham Margaret , Barry Louise , Kiely Michelle , O'Keeffe Jonathon , Dewing Jan , Lang Deirdre , Coffey Alice
Published: March 2021

Background

A lack of standardisation of documentation accompanying older people when transferring from residential to acute care is common and this may result in gaps in information and in care for older people. In Ireland, this lack of standardisation prompted the development of an evidence based national transfer document.

Objectives

To pilot a new national transfer document for use when transferring older people from residential to acute care and obtain the perceptions of its use from staff in residential and acute care settings.

Methods

This was a pre‐ and post‐study design using purposive sampling following the STROBE guidelines. The pilot was conducted in 26 sites providing residential care and three university hospitals providing acute care. Pre‐pilot questionnaires focused on current documentation and were distributed to staff in residential care (n = 875). A pilot of the new paper‐based transfer document was then conducted over three months and post‐pilot questionnaires distributed to staff from both residential and acute care settings (n = 1085). The findings of the pilot study were discussed with multidisciplinary expert advisory and stakeholder groups who recommended some revisions. This consensus informed the development of the final design of the new revised transfer document.

Results

Pre‐pilot: 23% response rate; 83% (n = 168) participants agreed/strongly agreed that existing documentation was straightforward to complete but could be more person‐centred. Post‐pilot: 11% response rate; 75% (n = 93) of participants agreed/strongly agreed that the new transfer document promoted person‐centred care but recommended revisions to the new document regarding layout and time to complete.

Conclusions

This study highlighted some of the challenges of providing safe, effective and relevant transfer information that is feasible and usable in everyday practice.

Implications for practice

Standardisation and being person‐centred are important determining factors in the provision of relevant up to date information on the resident being transferred.
Simultaneous knockout of multiple LHCF genes using single sgRNAs and engineering of a high‐fidelity Cas9 for precise genome editing in marine algae
Authors: Sharma Amit K. , Nymark Marianne , Flo Snorre , Sparstad Torfinn , Bones Atle M. , Winge Per
Published: March 2021

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA‐guided sequence‐specific genome editing tool, which has been adopted for single or multiple gene editing in a wide range of organisms. When working with gene families with functional redundancy, knocking out multiple genes within the same family may be required to generate a phenotype. In this study, we tested the possibility of exploiting the known tolerance of Cas9 for mismatches between the single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) and target site to simultaneously introduce indels in multiple homologous genes in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. As a proof of concept, we designed two sgRNAs that could potentially target the same six light‐harvesting complex (LHC) genes belonging to the LHCF subgroup. Mutations in up to five genes were achieved simultaneously using a previously established CRISPR/Cas9 system for P. tricornutum. A visible colour change was observed in knockout mutants with multiple LHCF lesions. A combination of pigment, LHCF protein and growth analyses was used to further investigate the phenotypic differences between the multiple LHCF mutants and WT. Furthermore, we used the two same sgRNAs in combination with a variant of the existing Cas9 where four amino acids substitutions had been introduced that previously have been shown to increase Cas9 specificity. A significant reduction of off‐target editing events was observed, indicating that the altered Cas9 functioned as a high‐fidelity (HiFi) Cas9 nuclease.
Plant heat stress: Concepts directing future research
Authors: Jagadish S.V. Krishna , Way Danielle A. , Sharkey Thomas D.
Published: March 2021

Predicted increases in future global temperatures require us to better understand the dimensions of heat stress experienced by plants. Here we highlight four key areas for improving our approach towards understanding plant heat stress responses. First, although the term ‘heat stress’ is broadly used, that term encompasses heat shock, heat wave and warming experiments, which vary in the duration and magnitude of temperature increase imposed. A greater integration of results and tools across these approaches is needed to better understand how heat stress associated with global warming will affect plants. Secondly, there is a growing need to associate plant responses to tissue temperatures. We review how plant energy budgets determine tissue temperature and discuss the implications of using leaf versus air temperature for heat stress studies. Third, we need to better understand how heat stress affects reproduction, particularly understudied stages such as floral meristem initiation and development. Fourth, we emphasise the need to integrate heat stress recovery into breeding programs to complement recent progress in improving plant heat stress tolerance. Taken together, we provide insights into key research gaps in plant heat stress and provide suggestions on addressing these gaps to enhance heat stress resilience in plants.
Emergent quantum indeterminacy
Authors: Mariani Cristian
Published: March 2021

Many features of quantum mechanics (QM) suggest that, at the microscopic level, objects sometimes fail to determinately instantiate their properties. In recent years, many have argued that this phenomenon indicates the existence of an ontological kind of indeterminacy, often calledmetaphysical indeterminacy, which is supposed to affect the ontology of QM. As insisted by Glick ('Against Quantum Indeterminacy, 2017, Thought), however, once we look at the major realist approaches to QM we learn that the indeterminacy disappears from the description of the world at its most fundamental level. This absence might be taken as a good reason for adopting some form ofeliminativismtowards quantum mechanical indeterminacy. The aim of this paper is to distinguish three ways of defending eliminativism, and to argue that none of them eventually succeeds. The upshot is that QM does in fact suggest the existence of metaphysical indeterminacy, although only as an emergent phenomenon.
HLA‐A*11:396, ‐B*55:112, and ‐DQA1*01:01:08 identified in individuals from Zhuang population of China
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Jing , Yao Yufeng , Shi Li , Yang Jingsi
Published: March 2021

The novel HLA‐A*11:396, ‐B*55:112, and ‐DQA1*01:01:08 alleles identified in the Zhuang ethnic population of China.
IVYplots and Gaussian interval plots
Authors: Sarkar Jyotirmoy , Rashid Mamunur
Published: March 2021

While a dot plot depicts data on a quantitative variable without distortion, a boxplot shows only the five‐number summary. For large data, to aid in counting, we propose an IVY plot as a companion to a dot plot. Also, for large data, if the variable is approximately normally distributed, as a companion to a boxplot, we propose a Gaussian interval plot that depicts the five‐number summary, the mean, the SD, the sample size, and the counts of outliers. We hope these enhanced visualizations will add value to the commonly used methods.
Biochemistry and hematology reference intervals for neonatal dairy calves aged 5‐12 days
Authors: Roadknight Natalie W. , Courtman Natalie F. , Mansell Peter D. , Jongman Ellen C. , Loh Ziyang A. , Fisher Andrew D.
Published: March 2021

Background

Comprehensive hematology and biochemistry RIs are currently lacking in the literature for young dairy calves based on sample sizes more than 120. Young dairy calves are at a relatively high risk of poor health and welfare outcomes. They have a high risk of morbidity and mortality in the first 2 weeks of life, and many are transported and fasted during this time. For example, non‐replacement calves in Australia and New Zealand are usually 5‐12 days old when transported to abattoirs, meaning that calves of this age group are potentially at risk of both health and welfare compromise. Given these factors, sound, comprehensive, age‐specific biochemical and hematologic RIs are needed for both veterinary clinical practice and to inform research on calf health and welfare.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to generate age‐specific hematology and biochemistry RIs for dairy calves aged 5‐12 days.

Methods

We collected blood samples from 141 fasted, healthy dairy calves on 10 Australian farms. Reference Value Advisor software was used to calculate nonparametric RIs for multiple biochemistry and hematology variables.

Results

RIs for a panel of hematology and biochemistry variables in dairy calves aged 5‐12 days old were derived.

Conclusions

These RIs will be useful for clinical veterinary practice, as well as for research on dairy calf health and welfare.
Canine leishmaniasis in Northern California—A case report
Authors: Alonso Flavio H. , Vasilatis Demitria M. , Veluvolu Sridhar M. , Willcox Jennifer L. , Scorza Breanna M. , Petersen Christine A. , Kol Amir
Published: March 2021

A 3‐year‐old dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California‐Davis for further evaluation of episodes of epistaxis of 1‐year duration and peripheral lymphadenopathy. The patient had a history of atopic dermatitis with no travel history outside of California. Hyperglobulinemia with a polyclonal gammopathy was noted on serum protein electrophoresis. Microscopic evaluation of a bone marrow aspirate sample revealed many free and intra‐cellular amastigotes of Leishmania sp. that was further confirmed by qPCR as L infantum. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of canine leishmaniasis in the state of California. The patient is believed to have been vertically infected from the dam who is from Serbia and remained subclinical until presentation. Because the clinical progression of leishmaniasis is variable, it is important that precautions be discussed with owners acquiring puppies with dams from endemic regions of leishmaniasis to prevent zoonotic exposure in states where competent vectors are present.
NATURAL DIVINE CAUSATION, CAUSAL EXCLUSION, AND OVERDETERMINATION: COMMENT ON MIKAEL LEIDENHAG
Authors: Lim Daniel
Published: March 2021

In his article “The Blurred Line between Theistic Evolution and Intelligent Design” and his response “The Problem of Natural Divine Causation and the Benefits of Partial Causation”, Mikael Leidenhag uses Jaegwon Kim's work on causal exclusion to critique what he calls “Natural Divine Causation” (NDC). Although I agree with Leidenhag that questions about divine action can fruitfully be posed in terms of Kim's so‐called Causal Exclusion Argument, I take issue with the way he attempts to carry out this task and the reasons he offers against the overdetermination response to the Causal Exclusion Argument.