bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Hepcidin, Iron, and IL-6 Responses after a 100 km Ultra-Marathon
Authors: Kasprowicz Katarzyna , Ratkowski Wojciech , Wołyniec Wojciech , Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Witek Konrad , Żmijewski Piotr , Renke Marcin , Jastrzębski Zbigniew , Rosemann Thomas , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Knechtle Beat
Published: April 2020

Deficiencies in iron and vitamin D are frequently observed in athletes. Therefore, we examined whether different baseline vitamin D3 levels have any impact on post-exercise serum hepcidin, IL-6 and iron responses in ultra-marathon runners. In this randomized control trial, the subjects (20 male, amateur runners, mean age 40.75 ± 7.15 years) were divided into two groups: experimental (VD) and control (CON). The VD group received vitamin D3 (10,000 UI/day) and the CON group received a placebo for two weeks before the run. Venous blood samples were collected on three occasions—before the run, after the 100 km ultra-marathon and 12 h after the run—to measure iron metabolism indicators, hepcidin, and IL-6 concentration. After two weeks of supplementation, the intervention group demonstrated a higher level of serum 25(OH)D than the CON group (27.82 ± 5.8 ng/mL vs. 20.41 ± 4.67 ng/mL; p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups before and after the run in the circulating hepcidin and IL-6 levels. The decrease in iron concentration immediately after the 100-km ultra-marathon was smaller in the VD group than CON (p < 0.05). These data show that various vitamin D3 status can affect the post-exercise metabolism of serum iron.
First Trimester Uterine Rupture: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cecchini Fabiana , Tassi Alice , Londero Ambrogio P. , Baccarini Giovanni , Driul Lorenza , Xodo Serena
Published: April 2020

The aim is to report a case of spontaneous uterine rupture in the first trimester of pregnancy and to review the literature on the topic. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed and Scopus. Relevant English articles were identified without any time or study limitations. The data were aggregated, and a summary statistic was calculated. Results: A 35-year-old gravida 5, para 2 was admitted at our department because of fainting and abdominal pain. The woman had a first-trimester twin pregnancy and a history of two previous cesarean sections (CSs). Suspecting a uterine rupture, an emergency laparotomy was performed. The two sacs were completely removed, and the uterine rupture site was closed with a double-layer suture. The patient was discharged from hospital four days later in good condition. On the basis of this experience, a total of 76 case reports were extracted from PubMed and included in the review. Fifty-three patients out of 76 (69.74%) underwent previous surgery on the uterus. Most women (67.92%) had a CS, and in this group a cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) or a placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder was found to be the etiology in 77.78% of cases. Furthermore, 35.85% of the women had hysterectomy after uterine rupture. Twenty-three patients out of 76 (30.26%) had an unscarred uterus. Of this group, most women presented a uterine anomaly (43.48%). Moreover, 17.39% of these women had a hysterectomy. Conclusion: According to the literature, the current pandemic use of CS explains most cases of first-trimester uterine rupture.
An Affibody Molecule Is Actively Transported into the Cerebrospinal Fluid via Binding to the Transferrin Receptor
Authors: Meister Sebastian W. , Hjelm Linnea C. , Dannemeyer Melanie , Tegel Hanna , Lindberg Hanna , Ståhl Stefan , Löfblom John
Published: April 2020

The use of biotherapeutics for the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is typically impeded by insufficient transport across the blood–brain barrier. Here, we investigate a strategy to potentially increase the uptake into the CNS of an affibody molecule (ZSYM73) via binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR). ZSYM73 binds monomeric amyloid beta, a peptide involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, with subnanomolar affinity. We generated a tri-specific fusion protein by genetically linking a single-chain variable fragment of the TfR-binding antibody 8D3 and an albumin-binding domain to the affibody molecule ZSYM73. Simultaneous tri-specific target engagement was confirmed in a biosensor experiment and the affinity for murine TfR was determined to 5 nM. Blockable binding to TfR on endothelial cells was demonstrated using flow cytometry and in a preclinical study we observed increased uptake of the tri-specific fusion protein into the cerebrospinal fluid 24 h after injection.
Human NANOS1 Represses Apoptosis by Downregulating Pro-Apoptotic Genes in the Male Germ Cell Line
Authors: Janecki Damian M. , Ilaslan Erkut , Smialek Maciej J. , Sajek Marcin P. , Kotecki Maciej , Ginter-Matuszewska Barbara , Krainski Patryk , Jaruzelska Jadwiga , Kusz-Zamelczyk Kamila
Published: April 2020

While two mouse NANOS paralogues, NANOS2 and NANOS3, are crucial for maintenance of germ cells by suppression of apoptosis, the mouse NANOS1 paralogue does not seem to regulate these processes. Previously, we described a human NANOS1 p.[(Pro34Thr);(Ser83del)] mutation associated with the absence of germ cells in seminiferous tubules of infertile patients, which might suggest an anti-apoptotic role of human NANOS1. In this study, we aimed to determine a potential influence of human NANOS1 on the maintenance of TCam-2 model germ cells by investigating proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Constructs encoding wild-type or mutated human NANOS1 were used for transfection of TCam-2 cells, in order to investigate the effect of NANOS1 on cell proliferation, which was studied using a colorimetric assay, as well as apoptosis and the cell cycle, which were measured by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing) analysis followed by RT-qPCR (reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction) was conducted for identifying pro-apoptotic genes repressed by NANOS1. Here, we show that overexpression of NANOS1 downregulates apoptosis in TCam-2 cells. Moreover, we found that NANOS1 represses a set of pro-apoptotic genes at the mRNA level. We also found that the infertility-associated p.[(Pro34Thr);(Ser83del)] mutation causes NANOS1 to functionally switch from being anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic in the human male germ cell line. Thus, this report is the first to show an anti-apoptotic role of NANOS1 exerted by negative regulation of mRNAs of pro-apoptotic genes.
FGCaMP7, an Improved Version of Fungi-Based Ratiometric Calcium Indicator for In Vivo Visualization of Neuronal Activity
Authors: Barykina Natalia V. , Sotskov Vladimir P. , Gruzdeva Anna M. , Wu You Kure , Portugues Ruben , Subach Oksana M. , Chefanova Elizaveta S. , Plusnin Viktor V. , Ivashkina Olga I. , Anokhin Konstantin V. , Vlaskina Anna V. , Korzhenevskiy Dmitry A. , Nikolaeva Alena Y. , Boyko Konstantin M. , Rakitina Tatiana V. , Varizhuk Anna M. , Pozmogova Galina E. , Subach Fedor V.
Published: April 2020

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have become a widespread tool for the visualization of neuronal activity. As compared to popular GCaMP GECIs, the FGCaMP indicator benefits from calmodulin and M13-peptide from the fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, which prevent its interaction with the intracellular environment. However, FGCaMP exhibits a two-phase fluorescence behavior with the variation of calcium ion concentration, has moderate sensitivity in neurons (as compared to the GCaMP6s indicator), and has not been fully characterized in vitro and in vivo. To address these limitations, we developed an enhanced version of FGCaMP, called FGCaMP7. FGCaMP7 preserves the ratiometric phenotype of FGCaMP, with a 3.1-fold larger ratiometric dynamic range in vitro. FGCaMP7 demonstrates 2.7- and 8.7-fold greater photostability compared to mEGFP and mTagBFP2 fluorescent proteins in vitro, respectively. The ratiometric response of FGCaMP7 is 1.6- and 1.4-fold higher, compared to the intensiometric response of GCaMP6s, in non-stimulated and stimulated neuronal cultures, respectively. We reveal the inertness of FGCaMP7 to the intracellular environment of HeLa cells using its truncated version with a deleted M13-like peptide; in contrast to the similarly truncated variant of GCaMP6s. We characterize the crystal structure of the parental FGCaMP indicator. Finally, we test the in vivo performance of FGCaMP7 in mouse brain using a two-photon microscope and an NVista miniscope; and in zebrafish using two-color ratiometric confocal imaging.
The Dichotomic Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Basile Maria Sofia , Battaglia Giuseppe , Bruno Valeria , Mangano Katia , Fagone Paolo , Petralia Maria Cristina , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Cavalli Eugenio
Published: April 2020

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by different cell types and exerting multiple biological functions. It has been shown that MIF may be involved in several disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD), that represent an unmet medical need. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify novel pathogenetic mechanisms that may translate into tailored therapeutic approaches so to improve patients’ survival and quality of life. Here, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the role of MIF in ALS, PD, and HD. The emerging results suggest that MIF might play a dichotomic role in these disorders, exerting a protective action in ALS, a pathogenetic action in HD, and a yet undefined and debated role in PD. The better understanding of the role of MIF in these diseases could allow its use as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the monitoring and treatment of the patients and for eventual biomarker-driven therapeutic approaches.
The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sodium Propionate
Authors: Filippone Alessia , Lanza Marika , Campolo Michela , Casili Giovanna , Paterniti Irene , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Esposito Emanuela
Published: April 2020

The major end-products of dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which have been shown to modulate host metabolism via effects on metabolic pathways at different tissue sites. Several studies showed the inhibitory effects of sodium propionate (SP) on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. We carried out an in vitro model of inflammation on the J774-A1 cell line, by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H2O2, followed by the pre-treatment with SP at 0.1, 1 mM and 10 mM. To evaluate the effect on acute inflammation and superoxide anion-induced pain, we performed a model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced rat paw inflammation and intraplantar injection of KO2 where rats received SP orally (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). SP decreased in concentration-dependent-manner the expression of cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) following LPS stimulation. SP was able to enhance anti-oxidant enzyme production such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) following H2O2 stimulation. In in vivo models, SP (30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw inflammation and tissue damage after CAR and KO2 injection. Our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of SP; therefore, we propose that SP may be an effective strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of 4-Phenyl-1,8-naphthalimide
Authors: Betancourt Frank , Helmkay James , Yan Hongbin
Published: April 2020

4-Phenyl-1,8-naphthalimide was synthesized by imidation of commercially available 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, followed by Suzuki coupling with phenyl boronic acid, both under microwave heating. The microwave-assisted reactions were found to be faster and more efficient than reactions carried out by heating in oil-baths. While this compound was quite fluorescent in solvents such as chloroform, methanol and ethanol, it is virtually non-fluorescent in DMSO; however, upon the addition of water to DMSO solutions of this dye, fluorescence was restored, suggesting a tendency for aggregation-induced emission. The fluorescent properties of 4-phenyl-1,8-naphthalimide were found to be influenced by salt concentrations, likely as a result of hydrophobic effects. While this dye does not show binding to DNA, presence of bovine serum albumin leads to effective fluorescence quenching.
Modulation of Entrapment Efficiency and In Vitro Release Properties of BSA-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles Cross-Linked with Citric Acid as a Potential Protein–Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sedyakina Natalia , Kuskov Andrey , Velonia Kelly , Feldman Nataliya , Lutsenko Sergey , Avramenko Grigory
Published: April 2020

Microparticles, aimed for oral protein and peptide drug delivery, were prepared via emulsion cross-linking using citric acid as cross-linker and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as surfactant. A comparative study of the interaction between chitosan and citric acid and its effect on the resulting microparticle properties was performed using different chitosan-to-cross-linker mass ratios and pH-values during fabrication of the microparticles. Non-cross-linked and cross-linked microparticles were studied in terms of size (4–12 μm), zeta potential (−15.7 to 12.8 mV), erosion (39.7–75.6%), a model protein encapsulation efficiency (bovine serum albumin) (6.8–27.6%), and loading capacity (10.4–40%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the ionic interaction between the protonated amine groups of chitosan and the carboxylate ions of the cross-linking agent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the non-cross-linked microparticles had an uneven shape with wrinkled surfaces, while the cross-linked formulations were spherical in shape with smooth surfaces. On the basis of these data, the role of the surfactant and microparticle structure on the release mechanism was proposed. Control of the microparticle shape and release mechanisms is expected to be crucial in developing carriers for the controlled delivery of proteins and peptides.
Novel Graphene/In2O3 Nanocubes Preparation and Selective Electrochemical Detection for L-Lysine of Camellia nitidissima Chi
Authors: Cheng Jinsheng , Zhong Sheng , Wan Weihong , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Ali , Cheng Ying
Published: April 2020

In this work, novel graphene/In2O3 (GR/In2O3) nanocubes were prepared via one-pot solvothermal treatment, reduction reaction, and successive annealing technology at 600 °C step by step. Interestingly, In2O3 with featured cubic morphology was observed to grow on multi-layered graphene nanosheets, forming novel GR/In2O3 nanocubes. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), etc. Further investigations demonstrated that a selective electrochemical sensor based on the prepared GR/In2O3 nanocubes can be achieved. By using the prepared GR/In2O3-based electrochemical sensor, the enantioselective and chem-selective performance, as well as the optimal conditions for L-Lysine detection in Camellia nitidissima Chi, were evaluated. The experimental results revealed that the GR/In2O3 nanocube-based electrochemical sensor showed good chiral recognition features for L-lysine in Camellia nitidissima Chi with a linear range of 0.23–30 μmol·L−1, together with selectivity and anti-interference properties for other different amino acids in Camellia nitidissima Chi.
Chloride Diffusion in Concrete Protected with a Silane-Based Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Coppola Luigi , Coffetti Denny , Crotti Elena , Gazzaniga Gabriele , Pastore Tommaso
Published: April 2020

One of the most important parameters concerning durability is undoubtedly represented by cement matrix resistance to chloride diffusion in environments where reinforced concrete structures are exposed to the corrosion risk induced by marine environment or de-icing salts. This paper deals with protection from chloride ingress by a silane-based surface-applied corrosion inhibitor. Results indicated that the corrosion inhibitor (CI) allows to reduce the penetration of chloride significantly compared to untreated specimens, independently of w/c, cement type, and dosage. Reduction of chloride diffusion coefficient (Dnssn) measured by an accelerated test in treated concrete was in the range 30–60%. Natural chloride diffusion test values indicate a sharp decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp) equal to about 75% when concrete is protected by CI. Mechanism of action of CI in slowing down the chloride penetration inside the cement matrix is basically due to the water repellent effect as confirmed by data of concrete bulk electrical resistivity.
Experimental Tests, FEM Constitutive Modeling and Validation of PLGA Bioresorbable Polymer for Stent Applications
Authors: Bukala Jakub , Buszman Piotr P. , Małachowski Jerzy , Mazurkiewicz Lukasz , Sybilski Kamil
Published: April 2020

The use of bioresorbable polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in coronary stents can hypothetically reduce the risk of complications (e.g., restenosis, thrombosis) after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there is a need for a constitutive modeling strategy that combines the simplicity of implementation with strain rate dependency. Here, a constitutive modeling methodology for PLGA comprising numerical simulation using a finite element method is presented. First, the methodology and results of PLGA experimental tests are presented, with a focus on tension tests of tubular-type specimens with different strain rates. Subsequently, the constitutive modeling methodology is proposed and described. Material model constants are determined based on the results of the experimental tests. Finally, the developed methodology is validated by experimental and numerical comparisons of stent free compression tests with various compression speeds. The validation results show acceptable correlation in terms of both quality and quantity. The proposed and validated constitutive modeling approach for the bioresorbable polymer provides a useful tool for the design and evaluation of bioresorbable stents.
Three-Dimensional Printed PLA and PLA/PHA Dumbbell-Shaped Specimens: Material Defects and Their Impact on Degradation Behavior
Authors: Rydz Joanna , Włodarczyk Jakub , Gonzalez Ausejo Jennifer , Musioł Marta , Sikorska Wanda , Sobota Michał , Hercog Anna , Duale Khadar , Janeczek Henryk
Published: April 2020

The use of (bio)degradable polymers, especially in medical applications, requires a proper understanding of their properties and behavior in various environments. Structural elements made of such polymers may be exposed to changing environmental conditions, which may cause defects. That is why it is so important to determine the effect of processing conditions on polymer properties and also their subsequent behavior during degradation. This paper presents original research on a specimen’s damage during 70 days of hydrolytic degradation. During a standard hydrolytic degradation study of polylactide and polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate dumbbell-shaped specimens obtained by 3D printing with two different processing build directions, exhibited unexpected shrinkage phenomena in the last degradation series, representing approximately 50% of the length of the specimens irrespective of the printing direction. Therefore, the continuation of previous ex-ante research of advanced polymer materials is presented to identify any possible defects before they arise and to minimize the potential failures of novel polymer products during their use and also during degradation. Studies on the impact of a specific processing method, i.e., processing parameters and conditions, on the properties expressed in molar mass and thermal properties changes of specimens obtained by three-dimensional printing from polyester-based filaments, and in particular on the occurrence of unexpected shrinkage phenomena after post-processing heat treatment, are presented.
Nonlinear Analysis for a Type-1 Diabetes Model with Focus on T-Cells and Pancreatic β-Cells Behavior
Authors: Gamboa Diana , Vázquez Carlos E. , Campos Paul J.
Published: April 2020

Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that has an impact on mortality due to the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β -cells in the islets of Langerhans. Over the past few years, the interest in analyzing this type of disease, either in a biological or mathematical sense, has relied on the search for a treatment that guarantees full control of glucose levels. Mathematical models inspired by natural phenomena, are proposed under the prey–predator scheme. T1DM fits in this scheme due to the complicated relationship between pancreatic β -cell population growth and leukocyte population growth via the immune response. In this scenario, β -cells represent the prey, and leukocytes the predator. This paper studies the global dynamics of T1DM reported by Magombedze et al. in 2010. This model describes the interaction of resting macrophages, activated macrophages, antigen cells, autolytic T-cells, and β -cells. Therefore, the localization of compact invariant sets is applied to provide a bounded positive invariant domain in which one can ensure that once the dynamics of the T1DM enter into this domain, they will remain bounded with a maximum and minimum value. Furthermore, we analyzed this model in a closed-loop scenario based on nonlinear control theory, and proposed bases for possible control inputs, complementing the model with them. These entries are based on the existing relationship between cell–cell interaction and the role that they play in the unchaining of a diabetic condition. The closed-loop analysis aims to give a deeper understanding of the impact of autolytic T-cells and the nature of the β -cell population interaction with the innate immune system response. This analysis strengthens the proposal, providing a system free of this illness—that is, a condition wherein the pancreatic β -cell population holds and there are no antigen cells labeled by the activated macrophages.
A New Citrinin Derivative from the Indonesian Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus Penicillium citrinum
Authors: Sabdaningsih Aninditia , Liu Yang , Mettal Ute , Heep John , Riyanti  , Wang Lei , Cristianawati Olvi , Nuryadi Handung , Triandala Sibero Mada , Marner Michael , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Sabdono Agus , Trianto Agus , Schäberle Till F.
Published: April 2020

Sponge-associated fungi are attractive targets for the isolation of bioactive natural products with different pharmaceutical purposes. In this investigation, 20 fungi were isolated from 10 different sponge specimens. One isolate, the fungus Penicillium citrinum strain WK-P9, showed activity against Bacillus subtilis JH642 when cultivated in malt extract medium. One new and three known citrinin derivatives were isolated from the extract of this fungus. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as LC-HRMS. Their antibacterial activity against a set of common human pathogenic bacteria and fungi was tested. Compound 2 showed moderate activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC607 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/mL. Compound 4 exhibited moderate growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis JH642, B. megaterium DSM32, and M. smegmatis ATCC607 with MICs of 16, 16, and 32 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, weak activities of 64 µg/mL against B. subtilis DSM10 and S. aureus ATCC25923 were observed for compound 4.
Missed Down Syndrome Cases after First Trimester False-Negative Screening—Lessons to be Learned
Authors: Simionescu Anca Angela , Stanescu Ana Maria Alexandra
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: Here, we performed a descriptive analysis of Down syndrome (DS) cases that were misdiagnosed and/or false-negative diagnosed after first trimester traditional screening via risk evaluation using ultrasound, biochemical markers, and different software programs. Our objective was to demonstrate the clear need to improve the application of prenatal DS screening programs using standardized ultrasound measurements, accurate pregnancy dating, analytical immunoassay performance, and properly selected medians. Materials and Methods: We performed a database search for the period 2010–2015 to analyze DS cases that were false-negative diagnosed after the first trimester of pregnancy, before the introduction of cell free fetal DNA-based tests by Romanian laboratories in 2015. First-trimester screening was performed using two software programs for prenatal DS risk calculation: Astraia and Prisca. The rationale for using both software programs was to assess the full risk using the maternal age combined test (based on nuchal translucency thickness, nasal bone, ductus venosus flow, tricuspid flow, free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level, and serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A) and, in some cases, the triple test. Results: We identified seven DS cases that exhibited low risk for trisomy 21, and 6540 cases with a low risk for trisomy 21 and euploid fetus in the first trimester. Using Astraia software, 14 cases were diagnosed, and three cases were missed after risk calculation. Using Prisca software, four cases were missed. Additionally, one neonate had a missed prenatal diagnosis of atrio-ventricular canal defect. Conclusion: In Romania, the evaluation of DS risk depends on patient choice (without knowing the accuracy of the utilized tests) and on the operators’ skills. Both Astraia and Prisca software were developed by experts, who can prove their performance in DS screening. However, even in an ideal situation, false-negative results are possible. The application of first and second-trimester combined screening based on biochemical markers could be improved by the implementation of standardized protocols, professional guidelines for test application, and audit control.
Monitoring the Functionality and Stress Response of Yeast Cells Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Sommer Stephan
Published: April 2020

Throughout fermentation, yeast faces continuously changing medium conditions and reacts by adapting its metabolism. The adaptation is a critical process and is dependent on the accurate functioning of the cell. A stable membrane potential, which is, among other roles, responsible for protecting the yeast from low pH, is an important attribute for evaluating functionality. Other factors are storage products such as glycogen, trehalose, and neutral lipids, as well as mitochondrial activity and the integrity of the DNA. These parameters can be complemented by the analysis of viability, cell cycle, intracellular pH, and reactive oxygen species in the cell. The correlation of all these factors provides valuable information for evaluating the performance of a yeast population during fermentation. In order to demonstrate the analytical capabilities of flow cytometry, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain was observed in a modified growth medium for 384 h (16 days). The results confirm observations made with other methods and reports from the literature. However, with flow cytometry, it is possible to gain deeper insight into stress response and adaptation behavior of yeast at a cellular level. The causality from the formation of oxygen-radicals to cell death, for example, can be shown, as well as the dependency of the intracellular pH on the stability of the membrane. The proposed bio-monitoring system has the potential to provide applicable information as a process control tool for wineries.
A Novel Combination of Vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Potentially Regulates Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated with Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective from System Biology Analysis
Authors: Chen Liang , Hu Chun , Hood Molly , Zhang Xue , Zhang Lu , Kan Juntao , Du Jun
Published: April 2020

Novel coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged periodically around the world in recent years. The recurrent spreading of CoVs imposes an ongoing threat to global health and the economy. Since no specific therapy for these CoVs is available, any beneficial approach (including nutritional and dietary approach) is worth investigation. Based on recent advances in nutrients and phytonutrients research, a novel combination of vitamin C, curcumin and glycyrrhizic acid (VCG Plus) was developed that has potential against CoV infection. System biology tools were applied to explore the potential of VCG Plus in modulating targets and pathways relevant to immune and inflammation responses. Gene target acquisition, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were conducted consecutively along with network analysis. The results show that VCG Plus can act on 88 hub targets which are closely connected and associated with immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, VCG Plus has the potential to regulate innate immune response by acting on NOD-like and Toll-like signaling pathways to promote interferons production, activate and balance T-cells, and regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. All these biological processes and pathways have been well documented in CoV infections studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that VCG Plus may be helpful in regulating immune response to combat CoV infections and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses to prevent the onset of cytokine storm. However, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings with system biology tools. Our current approach provides a new strategy in predicting formulation rationale when developing new dietary supplements.
Microbial Adaptation Due to Gastric Bypass Surgery: The Nutritional Impact
Authors: Crommen Silke , Mattes Alma , Simon Marie-Christine
Published: April 2020

Bariatric surgery leads to sustained weight loss and the resolution of obesity-related comorbidities. Recent studies have suggested that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the weight loss induced by bariatric surgery. Several studies have observed major changes in the microbial composition following gastric bypass surgery. However, there are inconsistencies between the reported alterations in microbial compositions in different studies. Furthermore, it is well established that diet is an important factor shaping the composition and function of intestinal microbiota. However, most studies on gastric bypass have not assessed the impact of dietary intake on the microbiome composition in general, let alone the impact of restrictive diets prior to bariatric surgery, which are recommended for reducing liver fat content and size. Thus, the relative impact of bariatric surgery on weight loss and gut microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of the current knowledge of the changes in intestinal microbiota induced by bariatric surgery considering pre-surgical nutritional changes.
Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets
Authors: Nguyen Thao Duy , Hållenius Frida Fåk , Lin Xue , Nyman Margareta , Prykhodko Olena
Published: April 2020

Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/- rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (1%), for 5 weeks. One group of conventional rats (C) was also fed the pure high-fat diet and another group of ApoE-/- rats a low-fat (LF) diet. Blood and liver lipids, urinary lactulose/mannitol, SCFAs (blood and brain), tight junction proteins (small intestine and brain), and inflammation-related markers (blood, brain, and liver) were analyzed. MV supplementation elevated serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and valeric acid concentration (p < 0.05), while the amounts of isovaleric acid in the brain were reduced (p < 0.05). MB increased butyric acid amounts in the brain, while the plasma concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was lowered (p < 0.05). Both MV and MB upregulated the expression of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the brain (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MB or MV affected HDL cholesterol, the expression of tight junction proteins, and SCFA profiles. MB and MV may therefore be promising supplements to attenuate lipid metabolic disorders caused by high-fat intake and genetic deficiency.
The Potentiality of Operational Mapping of Oil Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea near the Entrance of the Suez Canal Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data
Authors: Abou El-Magd Islam , Zakzouk Mohamed , Abdulaziz Abdulaziz M. , Ali Elham M.
Published: April 2020

The Suez Canal, being a main international maritime shipping route, experiences heavy ship traffic with probable illegal oil discharges. Oil pollution is harming the marine ecosystem and creates pressure on the coastal socio-economic activities particularly at Port Said city (the area of study). It is anticipated that the damage of oil spills is not only during the event but it extends for a long time and normally requires more effort to remediate and recover the environment. Hence, early detection and volume estimation of these spills is the first and most important step for a successful clean-up operation. This study is the first to use Sentinel-1 space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images for oil spill detection and mapping over the north entrance of the Suez Canal aiming to enable operational monitoring. SAR sensors are able to capture images day and night and are not affected by weather conditions. In addition, they have a wide swath that covers large geographical areas for possible oil spills. The present study examines a large amount of data (800 scenes of sentinel 1) for the study area over a period of five years from 2014 till 2019 which resulted in the detection of more than 20 events of oil pollution. The detection model is based on the quantitative analysis of the dark spot of the radar backscatter of oil spills. The largest case covered nearly 26 km2 of seawater. The spill drift direction in the area of spills indicated potential hazard on fishing activities, Port Said beaches and ports. This study can be the base for continuously monitoring and alarming pollution cases in the Canal area which is important for environmental agencies, decision-makers, and beneficiaries for coastal and marine socio-economic sustainability.
A Game-Based Rehabilitation System for Upper-Limb Cerebral Palsy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Daoud Mohammad I. , Alhusseini Abdullah , Ali Mostafa Z. , Alazrai Rami
Published: April 2020

Game-based rehabilitation systems provide an effective tool to engage cerebral palsy patients in physical exercises within an exciting and entertaining environment. A crucial factor to ensure the effectiveness of game-based rehabilitation systems is to assess the correctness of the movements performed by the patient during the game-playing sessions. In this study, we propose a game-based rehabilitation system for upper-limb cerebral palsy that includes three game-based exercises and a computerized assessment method. The game-based exercises aim to engage the participant in shoulder flexion, shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction, and shoulder adduction physical exercises that target the right arm. Human interaction with the game-based rehabilitation system is achieved using a Kinect sensor that tracks the skeleton joints of the participant. The computerized assessment method aims to assess the correctness of the right arm movements during each game-playing session by analyzing the tracking data acquired by the Kinect sensor. To evaluate the performance of the computerized assessment method, two groups of participants volunteered to participate in the game-based exercises. The first group included six cerebral palsy children and the second group included twenty typically developing subjects. For every participant, the computerized assessment method was employed to assess the correctness of the right arm movements in each game-playing session and these computer-based assessments were compared with matching gold standard evaluations provided by an experienced physiotherapist. The results reported in this study suggest the feasibility of employing the computerized assessment method to evaluate the correctness of the right arm movements during the game-playing sessions.
A Probabilistic Approach to Phosphorus Speciation of Soils Using P K-edge XANES Spectroscopy with Linear Combination Fitting
Authors: Gustafsson Jon Petter , Braun Sabina , Tuyishime J. R. Marius , Adediran Gbotemi A. , Warrinnier Ruben , Hesterberg Dean
Published: April 2020

A common technique to quantitatively estimate P speciation in soil samples is to apply linear combination fitting (LCF) to normalized P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. Despite the rapid growth of such applications, the uncertainties of the fitted weights are still poorly known. Further, there are few reports to what extent the LCF standards represent unique end-members. Here, the co-variance between 34 standards was determined and their significance for LCF was discussed. We present a probabilistic approach for refining the calculation of LCF weights based on Latin hypercube sampling of normalized XANES spectra, where the contributions of energy calibration and normalization to fit uncertainty were considered. Many of the LCF standards, particularly within the same standard groups, were strongly correlated. This supports an approach in which the LCF standards are grouped. Moreover, adsorbed phytates and monetite were well described by other standards, which puts into question their use as end-members in LCF. Use of the probabilistic method resulted in uncertainties ranging from 2 to 11 percentage units. Uncertainties in the calibrated energy were important for the LCF weights, particularly for organic P, which changed with up to 2.7 percentage units per 0.01 eV error in energy. These results highlight the necessity of careful energy calibration and the use of frequent calibration checks. The probabilistic approach, in which at least 100 spectral variants are analyzed, improves our ability to identify the most likely P compounds present in a soil sample, and a procedure for this is suggested in the paper.
Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19
Authors: Jukic Igor , Calleja-González Julio , Cos Francesc , Cuzzolin Francesco , Olmo Jesús , Terrados Nicolas , Njaradi Nenad , Sassi Roberto , Requena Bernardo , Milanovic Luka , Krakan Ivan , Chatzichristos Kostas , Alcaraz Pedro E.
Published: April 2020

In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete’s living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete’s needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world.
Scenarios of Sustainable Fishing in the Zapatosa Marsh (Colombia) Simulated with a System Dynamics Model
Authors: Castaño-Barreto Andres Camilo , Jaramillo-Cruz Carlos Alberto , Molina Benavides Raul Andres , Atzori Alberto Stanislao
Published: April 2020

The Zapatosa marsh (ciénaga de la Zapatosa) is located in the Department of Cesar in Colombia. In 2018, the muddy complex of Zapatosa was declared a Ramsar wetland, for this reason, it is necessary to develop management strategies for the marsh that allow not only the conservation of the ecosystem. The objective of this work is to use System Dynamics as an evaluation tool for three possible management scenarios of artisanal fishing in the Zapatosa marsh. A qualitative causal diagram and a quantitative Stock and Flow diagrams were designed to describe the dynamics of fish and fishermen populations in the marsh. The initial model setting and parametrization derived from values gathered from different sources of information. The calibration of the model was carried out with reference data on total catch of kilograms of fish and population data from the Department of Cesar. The data obtained through the “Aquaculture and artisanal fisheries survey of the Department of El Cesar” in 2018 were reproduced in the model and then compared with 3 alternative management scenarios. Scenario 1 included strictly applying of the fishing stopover for the species Prochilodus magdalenae and for catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, Pimelodus blochii y Sorubim cuspicaudus). Scenario 2 considered to apply the same prohibitions, but with a payment to fishermen for the care of the swamp at the time of prohibition. In Scenario 3 the fishermen under fishing stop will receive an income of a legal Colombian minimum monthly salary and will be engaged in practices of ecosystem services. Results showed that in some scenarios the economic situation of the fishermen is unable to meet the monthly family expenses in different periods of the year. On the other hand, there is greater economic stability and fish populations when adopting Scenario 3, but it is difficult to achieve in the short or medium term. Scenario 2 shows little recoveries in fish populations and a higher money availability to the local community than in Scenario 3, in certain months, presenting the best short-term management option. The presented model encourages further simulation scenarios of the Zapatosa Marsh.
Life-Cycle Assessment and Monetary Measurements for the Carbon Footprint Reduction of Public Buildings
Authors: Trovato Maria Rosa , Nocera Francesco , Giuffrida Salvatore
Published: April 2020

Energy consumption in public buildings increased drastically over the last decade. Significant policy actions towards the promotion of energy efficiency in the building sector have been developed involving sustainable low-CO2-emission technologies. This paper presents the results of an economic–environmental valuation of a standard energy retrofit project for a public building in a Mediterranean area, integrating a life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the traditional economic–financial evaluation pattern. The study results show that simple retrofit of sustainable low-CO2-emission strategies such as wooden double-glazed windows, organic external wall insulation systems, and green roofs can reduce energy needs for heating and cooling by 58.5% and 33.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the implementation of an LCA highlights that the use of sustainable materials reduces the building’s carbon footprint index by 54.1% after retrofit compared to standard materials, thus providing an additional increase in the socio-environmental–economic–financial results of 18%. Some proposals are made about the accounting of the replacement costs and the residual value as requested in the logic of life-cycle cost (that is the economic extension of the LCA), namely concerning the method to take into account the replacement costs and the residual value. The economic calculation highlights the fundamental role played by tax benefits supporting the building energy retrofit, also in temperate climate zones, thus allowing the creation of environmental benefits in addition to remarkable cost savings.
Paucity of Nutrition Guidelines and Nutrient Quality of Meals Served to Kenyan Boarding High School Students
Authors: Serrem Kevin , Dunay Anna , Serrem Charlotte , Atubukha Bridget , Oláh Judit , Illés Csaba Bálint
Published: April 2020

Adequate nutrition is vital for the optimal growth, development, and general well-being of adolescents. A lack of nutritional guidelines for school meals poses a major challenge in the provision of nutritious meals to students in Kenyan boarding high schools. The aim of the study was to investigate the nutrient quality and portion sizes of meals served to students and the adequacy of the meals in meeting students’ health requirements. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 50 catering or kitchen managers of 50 high schools in Kenya. Data were obtained through researcher-assisted questionnaires. It was established that menus were simplistic in nature, lacked variety, and were repetitive. With regard to nutrients, menus offered to students were excessively highin dietary fiber, containing three or five times more than the recommended daily intake. In most cases, students were underfed on nutrients such as carbohydrates, vitamin A, folic acid, potassium, calcium, proteins, and vitamins B1–12, resulting in low energy provision. It is concluded that a majority ofthe Kenyan high schools studied do not provide nutritionally adequate meals. The government of Kenya should have nutrition guidelines to ensure that schools provide diets with high foodand nutrient quality to students.
Energy-Saving Potential of Applying Prefabricated Straw Bale Construction (PSBC) in Domestic Buildings in Northern China
Authors: Yin Xunzhi , Dong Qi , Zhou Siyuan , Yu Jiaqi , Huang Lu , Sun Cheng
Published: April 2020

The Prefabricated Straw Bale Construction (PSBC) has been proven as one of the most efficient construction methods to achieve low-energy buildings with low environmental impacts. This research presents analysis of the rationale for using straw bale constructions in northern China and a discussion of feasible constructions of PSBC to meet the local building codes following evaluations of potential energy performance of domestic buildings with PSBC in severe cold regions and cold regions in China. The results show that the buildings with PSBC reduce both heating and cooling energy uses, as well as heating intensities across the severe cold and cold regions, compared to the domestic buildings with conventional constructions. The findings of this research will contribute to reducing energy consumption in building industries in China.