bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In patients with acute COVID-19, should remdesivir be used compared to placebo? test
Authors:   Epistemonikos Foundation, Ramos José
Published: August 2023

Remdesivir results in a slight reduction in Mortality. Remdesivir results in a reduction in Mechanical ventilation requirement. Remdesivir results in a reduction in Serious adverse events.
An investigation of the effect of drying methods on the nutritive value of forage grasses
Authors:   Biosciences Agriculture and Food Technologies, Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Caroni North Bank Road, Centeno Arima, Trinidad., Edwards Andell , Birmingham Tamika ,   Biosciences Agriculture and Food Technologies, Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Trinidad and Tobago, Caroni North Bank Road, Centeno Arima, Trinidad.
Published: August 2023

Drying methods have been identified as a critical factor in forage evaluation because there are changes in their chemical components that are affected by different drying temperatures. The study evaluated the effect of three drying methods (sun-drying, shade-drying and oven-drying (60°C) on the chemical components of three local grass species (Pennisetum purpureum, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria arrecta) grown under tropical conditions. The objective was to determine how drying methods influence the nutritive value of forage grasses to optimize feeding practices. The harvested grass samples were dried to a constant weight under the three drying methods before being milled and then subjected to chemical analysis. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), and nitrogen free extracts (NFE) were determined. Across drying methods, the DM content was highest (p<0.05) in B. ruziziensis (908 g/kg DM). The OM of the oven dried species was significantly higher in B. ruziziensis (885 g/kg DM) when compared to the species of B. arrecta (867 g/kg DM) and P. purpureum (859 g/kg DM). The CP content was highest (p<0.05) in B. ruziziensis (123 g/kg DM) (shade dried) and lowest (p<0.05) in B. arrecta (87.6 g/kg DM) (sun-dried). Across drying methods, the CF content was highest (p<0.05) in B. arrecta (367 g/kg DM) (oven dried) and lowest (p<0.05) in P. purpureum (264 g/kg DM) (shade dried). Species demonstrated higher levels of OM, CP, and lowest CF levels under shade-drying when compared to other drying methods. It was concluded that drying methods do influence the chemical components of grass species with shade-drying, indicating a greater potential for laboratory analyses and field processing. Keywords: Chemical composition, drying temperatures, fibre, forages, sun-drying, shade-drying.
The role of European Union values in the Ukrainian social-humanitarian safety provision system
Authors: Nosova Olga
Published: August 2023

The article aims to analyze the role of European Union values in providing a social-economic and humanitarian safety provision system in Ukraine. The research methods include descriptive analysis, an interdisciplinary approach integrated into the different analytical fields, and the range of humanitarian safety perspectives they bring to bear on a certain topic, theme, or issue in the political, economic, legal, and social sciences estimate. The checked hypothesis is the social-humanitarian safety provision system depends on the process of democratization of society and the functioning of democratic institutions in Ukraine. The democratization of society created the fundament of the social-humanitarian safety provision system. The democratization process depends on the relationship between European values and regional-specific factors in Ukraine.
The social and humanitarian safety provision system in Ukraine closely interconnected with the degree of economic, political, and social transformation, as well as the overall indicators of the market and democratic reforms. The analysis of reforming institutions in Ukrainian and European Union (EU) values and beliefs adoption and adherence defines the key problem of the social and humanitarian safety provision system. The balance of European and regional values directed to the achievement of an acceptable level of the social-humanitarian safety provision system in Ukraine.
The creation of institutions that ensure the acceptable balance formation of European and regional values is an important task for EU integration. The transformation of social-political values to EU values relates to the process of democratization. Social-humanitarian safety provision system depends on the effectiveness of functioning democratic institutions.
Ladders and Stairs: How the Intervention Ladder Focuses Blame on Individuals and Obscures Systemic Failings and Interventions
Authors: Paetkau Tyler
Published: August 2023

Introduced in 2007 by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, the intervention ladder has become a widely used tool in bioethics and public health policy. By ordering potential interventions from least to most intrusive, the intervention ladder seeks to balance efficacy of interventions with the cost to individual liberty. While the ladder serves as a useful tool for evaluating potential interventions, it also has unintended side-effects. In particular, by orienting itself around how interventions impact individual liberty, the ladder obscures potential interventions that operate on a systemic rather than individual level. As such, I argue that the ladder needs to be broadened into stairs. That is, the ladder needs to be broadened to accommodate multiple parties simultaneously. Whereas a ladder can only accommodate one party at a time, stairs allow for multiple parties to exist at the same level and to pass each other freely.  
Imagine Chocolate: The Craving Experience Questionnaire in the Food Domain
Authors: Röttger Mareike , van Alebeek Hannah , Aulbach Matthias , Blechert Jens
Published: August 2023

Measurement and modification of food craving has gained relevance in the current obesity epidemic. The Craving Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) considers not only craving intensity but also cognitive intrusiveness and imagery vividness as craving facets and could thus add to the assessment of food craving. It is available in two versions with ten items each to assess craving frequency across time-periods (CEQ-F) and time-point specific craving strength (CEQ-S). In three studies, N = 533 participants completed the German chocolate CEQ-F referenced at the past year to operationalize trait-like craving. Among them, N = 402 also completed the German chocolate CEQ-S referenced at the current moment to operationalize state-like craving. Four-week test-retest reliability was measured. For external validation, we assessed self-reported chocolate consumption, body-mass-index, trait approach motivation, general imagery vividness, and the Food Cravings Questionnaires, widely used measures of trait (FCQ-T-r) and state chocolate craving (FCQ-S), as well as behavioural approach bias (reaction time-based measurement). The three-factor structure was replicated with excellent internal consistency for both CEQ-F and CEQ-S. Test-retest reliability was moderate for both CEQ versions. CEQ-F scores were related to higher levels of chocolate consumption, approach motivation, and FCQ-T-r scores, but not to body-mass-index, imagery vividness, and approach bias. CEQ-S scores were associated with FCQ-S scores and partly with approach bias, but not with approach motivation and imagery vividness. The current results support the factor structure, validity and reliability of the German chocolate CEQ-S and CEQ F with questions remaining regarding the ability of the CEQ-S to measure state craving. Both CEQ-F and CEQ-S can add value to the assessment of food craving as their subscales include aspects that are not well covered by the FCQs.
Determining the Pressure – Temperature – Composition (P-T-X) conditions of magma storage
Authors: Wieser Penny , Gleeson Matthew , Matthews Simon , DeVitre Charlotte , Gazel Esteban
Published: August 2023

Determining the pressures and temperatures at which melts are stored in the crust and upper mantle, and the major element composition, redox state and volatile contents of these melts, is vital to constrain the structure and dynamics of magmatic plumbing systems. In turn, constraining these parameters helps understand the geochemical and structural evolution of the Earth’s lithosphere, and periods of unrest at active volcanoes. We review common thermobarometers, hygrometers and chemometers based on mineral and/or liquid compositions, before discussing recent advances in melt and fluid inclusion barometry, Raman-based elastic thermobarometry, and thermodynamic modelling methods. Where possible, we investigate the accuracy and precision of each technique, and the implications for the application of each method to different research questions.
No gender difference in confidence or metacognitive ability in perceptual decision making
Authors: XUE KAI , Zheng Yunxuan , Papalexandrou Christina , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: August 2023

Prior research has found inconsistent results regarding gender differences in confidence and metacognitive ability. Different studies have shown that men are either more or less confident and have either higher or lower metacognitive abilities than women. However, this research has generally not used well-controlled tasks or used performance-independent measures of metacognitive ability. Here, we test for gender differences in performance, confidence, and metacognitive ability using data from 10 studies from the Confidence Database (total N = 1887, total number of trials = 633,168). We find an absence of strong gender differences in performance and no gender differences in either confidence or metacognitive ability. These results were further confirmed by meta-analyses of the 10 datasets. These findings show that it is unlikely that gender has a strong effect on metacognitive evaluation in low-level perceptual decision making and suggest that previously observed gender differences in confidence and metacognition are likely domain-specific.
Collective incentives reduce over-exploitation of social information in unconstrained human groups
Authors: Deffner Dominik , Mezey David , Kahl Benjamin , Schakowski Alexander , Romanczuk Pawel , Wu Charley M , Kurvers Ralf
Published: August 2023

Collective dynamics emerge from countless individual decisions. Yet, we poorly understand the cognitive processes governing dynamically-interacting individuals in human collectives under realistic conditions. We present a naturalistic immersive-reality experiment where groups of participants searched for rewards in different environments, studying how individuals weigh personal and social information and how this shapes individual and collective outcomes. Capturing high-resolution visual-spatial data, behavioral analyses revealed individual-level gains -but group-level losses- of high social information use and spatial proximity in environments with concentrated (vs. distributed) resources. Incentivizing participants at the group (vs. individual) level facilitated adaptation to concentrated environments, buffering excessive scrounging. To infer discrete choices from unconstrained interactions and uncover the underlying decision mechanisms, we developed an unsupervised Social Hidden Markov Decision model. Computational results showed that participants were more sensitive to social information in concentrated environments frequently switching to a `social relocation' state where they approach successful group members. Group-level incentives reduced participants' overall responsiveness to social information and promoted higher selectivity over time. Finally, mapping group-level spatio-temporal dynamics through time-lagged regressions revealed a collective exploration-exploitation trade-off across different timescales. Our study unravels the processes linking individual-level strategies to emerging collective dynamics, and provides new tools to investigate decision-making in freely-interacting collectives.
Gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym i przeobrażenia prawa o odpadach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Karpus Karolina
Published: August 2023

Wraz z przyjęciem Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu i 8. EAP transformacja życia społeczno-gospodarczego w kierunku gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym nabrała przyśpieszenia, czego przykładem może być gospodarka odpadami. Na przeobrażenia, jakim poddawane jest z tego względu unijne prawo o odpadach i jakim pośrednio ulegają inne obszary prawa, wpływa koncepcja rozszerzonej odpowiedzialności producenta. Cel opracowania stanowi zilustrowanie prawnych aspektów zintegrowanego podejścia do ochrony środowiska na przykładzie odpadów. Po przyjęciu EZŁ i nowego planu GOZ aspekty te można już zidentyfikować.
Morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of ITS region and rbcL gene of Cu cang native taro
Authors:   Tay Bac University, Vi Thi Xuan Thuy , Vu Thi Nu ,   Tay Bac University, Pham Thanh Tung ,   Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Published: August 2023

Cu cang taro cultivar in Thuan Chau district, Son La province is a precious indigenous genetic resource with high quality and well adapted to the characteristic natural conditions of Thuan Chau district, Son La province of Vietnam. However, Cu cang taro has been mixed with different cultivars in the locality. In this article, the authors presented morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer) region and rbcL gene of Cu cang taro in Thuan Chau district, Son La province. The ITS region and rbcL sequences isolated from Cu cang taro had sizes 506 and 630 bp. The results of similarity comparison on NCBI identified the DNA isolated from the ITS region, the rbcL gene of Cu cang taro is Colocasia esculenta species. The rbcL gene of Cu cang taro has 99.27% similarity with Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum.
Рsychological training of freestyle wrestling athletes
Authors: Danko Grigory , Lavrentiev Oleksandr , Danko Taras , Krupenya Svitlana , Zhyvollovych Svitlana
Published: August 2023

The article examines the psychological preparation of freestyle wrestling athletes, which, along with technical, physiological and tactical training, is one of the most important conditions for the athlete's functional preparation for successful competition. The object of such training is always the athlete's personality with its individual characteristics and typical features.

The article analyzes the importance of psychological preparation of freestyle wrestling athletes for the development of strength, speed of reaction, strength and endurance and, as a result, victory in the match.

Free wrestling is a powerful means of learning self-defense skills and comprehensive development of the most important physical qualities: strength, speed, dexterity, coordination, reaction speed. From a psychological point of view, free wrestling contributes to a person's self-confidence, the development of demandingness, patience, courage, initiative, attentiveness and non-standard thinking. As we can see, the physical and mental aspects of an athlete's personality are inextricably linked, and the mental aspect contributes to the development and manifestation of the physical aspect, and is the basis for its formation. Such a dialectical understanding of the relationship between these two processes aims coaches at the constant improvement of the psychological functions and qualities of martial arts athletes.

Success in sports activities of wrestlers is associated with the timely use of various means and methods of training, while it is important to take into account the peculiarities of education and strengthening the specific mental qualities of an athlete. The impact of pedagogical factors aimed at the formation of personality, taking into account the types of temperament of athletes, can help increase motivation for training.

Sports specialists point to a significant dependence of a person's physical capabilities on the properties of the types of higher nervous activity (temperament), therefore, athletes belonging to different types of temperament should go to high sports results in different ways. The problem of individualization of the training process, taking into account individual peculiar properties, the psyche, also acquires practical significance.
Features of the manifestation of correlation relationships between the indicators of physical development and physical fitness of primary school age children playing tennis for the purpose of health
Authors: Prokopenko A.O.
Published: August 2023

According to scientific and methodical literature, the solution to the problem of realizing the potential capabilities of the body of primary school age children can be the construction of the process of physical education based on the use of elements of tennis. The form of organization of classes and methodical techniques of tennis have a significant potential for their implementation in order to activate motor activity and improve the health of primary school age children. Goal – to establish correlation relationships between indicators of physical development and physical fitness of primary school age children who play tennis for the purpose of health improvement. Methods. Analysis of scientific and methodical literature, Internet sources; pedagogical testing of the level of physical fitness; anthropometry; dynamometry; methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the correlation analysis of indicators of physical development and physical fitness of children of primary school age, who play tennis for the purpose of improving health, testify to the significant influence of body length and body weight indicators on indicators of hand dynamometry of the right and left hands, as well as a general trend of significant influence of anthropometric indicators on the results of performance tests. A general trend of a significant influence of physical development indicators on the results of motor tests is observed. Specific features of performing motor tests for children with postural disorders have been revealed, which may be a sign of functional motor asymmetry.
Computational Thermodynamics and Kinetics for Magnesium Alloy Development
Authors: Luo Alan A. , Sun Weihua , Zhong Wei , Zhao Ji-Cheng
Published: August 2023

Computational thermodynamics and CALPHAD modeling prove useful for selecting and developing new magnesium alloys. This article summarizes an ongoing effort to establish a scientific foundation of computational thermodynamics and kinetics of magnesium alloys to achieve accelerated design and optimization of these alloys for weight reduction in the transportation industries.
Environmentally Friendly Injection Molding Process Makes Strides
Authors: LeBeau Stephen E.
Published: August 2023

Thixomolding is an environmentally clean and safe commercial process for semi-solid injection molding of magnesium alloys. The process is similar to plastic injection molding but with higher temperature and faster shot velocity. This article reviews advantages and applications of the process and future outlook for it.
Hybrid Induction Arc Welding Reduces Weld Distortion and Boosts Productivity
Authors: Jones Jerald
Published: August 2023

A new welding process known as hybrid induction arc welding (HIAW) or high deposition arc welding (HiDep) uses a hybrid approach to reduce—or even eliminate—weld distortion and greatly increase productivity. Operating directly in front of the arc welding torch, a portable induction coil heats the surfaces of the weld to, or near, the melting point. Heat generated by the welding arc is primarily used to melt the welding wire. This novel process operates at speeds two to four times faster than conventional arc welding and substantially reduces weld distortion.
Stainless Steel: The Steel That Does Not Rust, Part I
Authors: Simcoe Charles R.
Published: August 2023

One of the greatest advances in modern metallurgy was the discovery of a steel that does not rust, which occurred after research into high chromium steels began. French researchers began adding chromium or nickel to heat treated alloy steels during the 1880s and 1890s, while German researchers began combining chromium with nickel in the 1890s. This article recounts the early history of stainless steel.
High Strength Bulk Metallic Nanolaminates
Authors: Nizolek Thomas , Avallone Jaclyn , Pollock Tresa , Mara Nathan , Beyerlein Irene , Scott Jeffrey
Published: August 2023

The ability to produce bulk metallic nanolaminates has greatly expanded the potential structural applications for these materials, motivating investigations into formability, joining techniques, and deformation behavior. This article presents an overview of both the accumulative roll bonding process and the deformation behavior for copper-niobium nanolaminates. This entry won the Jacquet-Lucas Award for Best in Show at the 2014 International Metallographic Contest.
2014-2015 President of ASM International Sunniva R. Collins
Authors: Essock Diana
Published: August 2023

Profile of the 2014-2015 President of ASM International, Sunniva Collins, and her vision for ASM.
Low Pressure and Vacuum Plasma Spray Build Better Coatings for Engine Applications
Authors: Guggenheim Ludwig , Herber Ralph , Keller Silvano , Gansert Robert
Published: August 2023

Vacuum plasma and low pressure plasma spray technologies each provide unique solutions for achieving superior properties in metallic coatings that require low oxide content and high density. Applications include various turbine engine components, as well as biomedical and electronics components.
Solving Problems in Human/Legal Domains Using Failure Analysis Methods
Authors: Manohar Priyadarshan
Published: August 2023

Difficulty in clearly and quantitatively answering questions concerning a component or product failure can lead to courtroom debates, arguments, and battles. The case studies in this article identify and describe technical procedures to assist with explaining complex situations and thereby assist in solving failure analysis problems and resolving legal disputes.
Overview of Static Recrystallization in Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Mohapatra Shanta , Jain Jayant
Published: August 2023

This article presents a broad overview of key annealing processes such as recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth in magnesium and its alloys. It explores the role of recovery in recrystallization behavior, evolution of recrystallization microstructure and texture, current understanding of grain coarsening in magnesium alloys, and concludes with a perspective on future research.
Using 3D Printing to Build Flight-Certified Hardware
Authors: Nehro Jessica
Published: August 2023

Additive manufacturing continues to make strides in aerospace parts production. This article describes the use of plastic laser-sintering additive manufacturing technology to produce helicopter parts.
Advanced Turbine Airfoil Development Strategies: Harvesting Low-Hanging Fruit
Authors: Nathal Mike
Published: August 2023

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys have potential to improve turbine blade temperature capability beyond that of superalloy single crystals. In this article, the case is made for the potential to replace single crystals as high-pressure turbine blades with ODS nickel-base alloys. ODS alloys combine proven technology, substantial gains in capability over today’s single crystal alloys, and a clear development path to overcome identified risks.
Modern Materials for Sports and Recreation
Authors: Richards Frances , Lucko Julie
Published: August 2023

Beyond automotive, aerospace, and medical materials innovations, research and development of advanced materials and processes for sports and recreation activities is one of the most exciting areas for today’s materials scientists and engineers. This article compiles examples of materials innovations in equipment for cycling, ice skating, cricket, running, football, sailing, and fishing.
Steel Minimills, Part II
Authors: Simcoe Charles R.
Published: August 2023

From 1988 to 2008, the minimill industry added 25 million tons annual capacity—25% of the total U.S. steel market.
Pioneers in Metal Research, Part I
Authors: Simcoe Charles R.
Published: August 2023

Steel pioneer Henry Marion Howe was an industrialist, scientist, teacher, writer, and lifelong researcher. Howe’s reputation developed due to three books he wrote on steel. His major legacy, however, is based on his metallography courses. Many of his students became important contributors to the development of metallography as an art and science.
Measuring Residual Stress Via X-Ray Diffraction Helps Optimize Engine Component Fabrication
Authors: Pineault James
Published: August 2023

Because residual stress has a significant impact on engine component service life, understanding its cause helps optimize fabrication processes to ensure quality. X-ray diffraction is often the only viable technique to measure residual stresses at certain failure-critical locations. This article gives some guidelines for XRD analysis to understand and control residual stresses in processing of engine components.
Furnace Roll Failure Analysis on Hot-Dip Coating Line Spurs New Design and Welding Process
Authors: Yang Yu-Ping , Mohr William
Published: August 2023

A new design and welding process may extend the life of furnace rolls in hot-dip coating lines, which often fail in less than one year. This article is a case study of analysis of a failed furnace roll that led to a proposed improved design to extend component life.
Using Simulation to Design Anticorrosive Automotive Components
Authors: Carver Lexi
Published: August 2023

Simulation of components and joints made of hybrid materials enables innovative designs for corrosion protection in automotive applications. This article gives examples of simulations used to gain insight into the corrosion behavior of riveted joints.
Solving Electronic System Failures in Aerospace Applications
Authors: Scott Winfield
Published: August 2023

Determining the root cause of avionics failures requires a disciplined and systematic analytical process supported by sophisticated equipment. This article reviews some of the analytical tools and techniques used to understand and prevent avionics failures.
Reducing Gear Size for Compact Transmission Design Using Computer Modeling
Authors: Li Zhichao (Charlie) , Ferguson B. Lynn , Freborg Andrew
Published: August 2023

Modeling shows that achieving required gear performance in a reduced gear size is possible by changing the steel grade and heat treatment parameters during the design stage. This article describes work in which virtual computer models using DANTE software are applied to help achieve gear size reduction by including steel grade hardenability and heat treatment parameters in the design process.
ТHE CURRENT STATE AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY
Authors: MAKARCHUK OKSANA , KUTS TETYANA
Published: August 2023

The article examines the current state and prospects for the development of the beekeeping industry in Ukraine. Ukraine is known as one of the most powerful beekeeping countries in the world due to its favorable geographical location and ability to produce high-quality beekeeping products for both domestic consumption and export. In the article is emphasized the special role of beekeeping in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. The beekeeping industry not only produces useful food products, but also forms the raw material base for the processing industry, contributes to increased productivity and is of great importance for the product market. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods of research, such as empirical, theoretical, statistical and calculation-mathematical, were used. There was conducted a review of scientific sources, articles and publications related to the field of beekeeping, honey production and the number of bee families. This analysis provided an overview of the honey market and identified key aspects for further research. Statistical data on honey production in households, enterprises and farms, as well as data on the number of bee colonies were used to assess the state and dynamics of the development of the beekeeping industry. In addition, computational and mathematical methods were used for a comprehensive analysis of the sector's problems and prospects. The general conclusion of the article is that the beekeeping industry in Ukraine is under the influence of various factors, such as the decrease in the number of bees, climate change and external threats. The lack of a scientifically based mechanism for the formation and functioning of the honey market, as well as the insufficiency of researched issues of the development of market relations between producers, processors and suppliers of beekeeping products, limited information on the economic efficiency of the production of beekeeping products - all these issues require detailed research. The prospects for the development of the beekeeping industry lie in organic beekeeping and the use of modern technologies. This article has significant scientific and practical potential, as it provides important conclusions and recommendations for the development of the beekeeping industry in Ukraine.
Barreras en el acceso a mamografía en Ecuador
Authors: Andrade Mora Diego Sebastián , Celi Simbaña Stalin Santiago
Published: August 2023

El cáncer de mama en mujeres es la principal causa de incidencia de cáncer a nivel mundial (1). Según datos de 2020 se estima unos 2,3 millones de casos nuevos, lo que representa el 11,7 % de todos los casos de cáncer con 685.000 muertes lo que la convierte en la quinta causa principal de cáncer mortalidad en el mundo (1).El costo en términos económicos y de salud del cáncer de mama es alto y aunque inicialmente se consideró un problema típico de los países de altos ingresos, la mayoría de los nuevos casos de cáncer en las últimas décadas se han presentado en países de bajos y medianos ingresos (2). La mortalidad también tiende a ser mayor en dichos países y una de las razones es que el cáncer tiende a diagnosticarse en etapas avanzadas, lo que puede deberse a la falta de posibilidades de detección temprana (3). De esto se deduce que los países de bajos ingresos deben implementar estrategias para reducir la carga del cáncer de mama. La mejor manera de evitar muertes secundarias al cáncer de mama es el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano.
The impact of gender on growth performance, live weight gain, and survival rate in Pekin ducks
Authors: BOĞA KURU Buket , KIRMIZIBAYRAK Turgut
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender on growth performance, live weight gain, and survival rate in Pekin ducks raised in a family-type farm in Kars province. A total of 150 ducklings (62 males, 88 females) were observed from day one. Weight measurements were recorded regularly, and mortalities were noted for survival rate analysis. No significant gender differences were observed in live weight up to 10 weeks of age, indicating comparable growth rates initially. However, at 10, 13, and 16 weeks, male ducks had higher live weights compared to females. Daily live weight gains were significantly higher during the first two weeks, with a decreasing trend as the ducks grew older. Gender significantly affected daily weight gains during the initial two weeks. The influence of gender on weekly live weight gains was not statistically significant. Live weight gains decreased over time, while overall live weight increased. Regression models indicated higher growth rates in males. Survival rates remained high throughout the 16-week period, with no significant difference between genders. The hazard ratio analysis suggested no substantial difference in mortality risk between male and female ducks. In conclusion, gender influenced live weight and daily weight gains in Pekin ducks, with males generally exhibiting higher weights. However, gender did not significantly affect average live weight gain and survival rates.
Technology Acceptance in Later Life: A Review of Two Decades (2000 to 2020) in South Korea
Authors:   Korea Gerontological Society, Yoon Dokyung , Park Hayoung , Choi Bomi , Kang Miseon , Jung Inhye , Joo Susanna
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the research trends in the field of technology acceptance of older adults and present
a review. To this end, this review followed PRISMA guidelines and analyzed 119 dissertations and journal articles published in South Korea
from 2000 to 2020. First, as a result of summarizing quantitative trends in the publications, the number of published articles concerning
technology acceptance of older adults was very small before 2012, but gradually increased since 2012. Specific research topics were classified
into ① the use of information technology and digital devices, ② digital literacy and information gaps, ③ physical and psychological health, ④ support services and facilities for older adults, and ⑤ others. Second, as a result of conducting content analysis, most of the studies
dealt with mobile phones or smartphones when it comes to the type of technology. In the case of the studies based on technology acceptance
models, most of them adopted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Higher level of education and self-efficacy were one of the motivators
to promote technology acceptance among older adults, while old age and higher level of technology anxiety were identified as barriers.
Based on these results, the present study synthesized the discussions and proposed suggestions for future research. Additionally, after reviewing
the existing literature, we proposed the Technology-Based Active Aging Enhancing Model (T-BAEM)
Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction and Job Burnout between Organizational Justice and Turnover Intention of Social Workers in Senior Employment Agencies
Authors:   Korea Gerontological Society, Lee Byoung Rock
Published: August 2023

The study purpose is analyzing the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention and the mediating effect
of job satisfaction and job burnout of social workers in senior employment agencies. A survey was conducted on 248 social workers of
26 agencies in Daejeon and Chungcheong provinces. The main analysis methods are confirmatory factor analysis/structural equation modeling.
The analysis results are as follows: Firstly, all the paths between the main variables of this study are significant. Secondly, it is analyzed
that the mediating effect of job satisfaction and job burnout is significant in the relationship between organizational justice and turnover
intention of social workers in the agency. Based on the analysis results, practical measures to reduce social workers’ turnover intention
and to effectively promote the senior employment and social activity support programme are as follows: Firstly, to increase organizational
justice, it is necessary to reduce the ratio of non-regular workers, involve social workers in organizational decision-making, and form
organizational culture of smooth communication. Secondly, for improving job satisfaction, it is desirable to strengthen ethical awareness,
support for self-development, and support for emotional labor. Thirdly, it is important to provide appropriate supervision and operate a
family-friendly institution to alleviate job burnout. I hope that researches on field measures to decrease the turnover intention of the workforce
of the senior employment agency will continue.
Comparison of Dementia Care Needs of Caregivers : Focused on Incheon Metropolitan City
Authors:   Korea Gerontological Society, Won Kyung A , Jeon Min Ji , Kwon Da Hae , Sim Ju Young , Sim Ji Eun , Yun Se Hee , Lee Hyun Sook , Na Seung Hee , Lee Hoon Jae , Chung Sung Woo
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the care needs of caregivers of people with dementia according to the characteristics
of Incheon Metropolitan City. A survey was conducted on 500 caregivers of people with dementia living in Incheon, and the results were
analyzed using the SPSS program. As a result of the analysis, among the 24 types of dementia patients and caregivers support services,
the need for 'a hospital that can be used in case of an emergency' was the highest, and when the 24 support services were reclassified
into 7 areas and analyzed, the need for the ‘Information support’ area was the highest. In addition, the needs for dementia care varies
by characteristics of Incheon(by dementia severity, by urban⋅island region, by Local Dementia Center registration⋅non-registration), indicating
that it is necessary to establish an Incheon dementia management system in accordance with the characteristics of Incheon and the dementia
care needs. So, the results of this study can be used as evidence when establishing policies related to dementia support services to be provided
to dementia patients and their caregivers living in Incheon.
The Effect of Senior Welfare Center’s Program using Robots on Social Health of Older adults
Authors:   Korea Gerontological Society, Cha Hyemin , Lee Sunghee , Lee Youngju , Lim Kangyu , Kim Eunsun , Yoo Keunwook , Lee Arum , Yoon Heejeong , Lee Hyunjoo , You Nayoung , Um Sarang , Shin Hyeri , Kim Youngsun
Published: August 2023

This study attempted to verify the effect of robots on the social health of older adults using Social welfare centers. A total
of eight programs (60 minutes per session) were conducted from February 2022 for men and women aged 60 or older in the control group
(n=35) and experimental groups (Silbot users, n=14; Bomi users, n=21). The paired t-test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and
hierarchical regression analysis were used to compare the outcome variables of the experimental group (Silbot users, Bomi users) and the
control group. As a result, it was confirmed that the group participating in the 'Silbot' program had a positive effect on both social support
and subjective isolation compared to the control group, and the group using 'Bomi' confirmed a partial positive effect only on social support.
The results of this study have the significance of overcoming the limitations of previous studies that looked at the effectiveness of the
cognitive function of the elderly with cognitive decline, and extending the effectiveness of robot utilization programs to social health variables
for the older adults using welfare centers for the older adults. This study verifies the effectiveness of group programs using robots for
social health promotion and expands the function of robots in senior welfare centers to increase the need for developing various contents.
In addition, it was suggested that organizations such as senior welfare centers should seek and discover ways to utilize elderly-friendly
technologies such as robots.
Factors Influencing Formal Care Service Usage: A Comparison of Middle-aged and Older Adults residing in South Korea
Authors:   Korea Gerontological Society, Kim Ji-min , Song In-joo
Published: August 2023

This study explored factors of formal care service usage, dividing service users between middle-aged (50-64) and older adults
(65+). Despite of upsurging care needs of middle-aged adults, previous studies have not studied on their care needs. Therefore, we focused
on examining the factors of service uses for understanding their needs for public care services. We used the second data from Care SOS
Center in Seoul, South Korea and selected 31,265 people who used the services in 2021. Independent variables were organized into four
categories - predisposing, enabling, need, and health care system factors - based on Andersen's theory of service uses, for which many
previous studies have adopted. After conducting multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25.0, the results were as follows: First, regarding
the predisposing factors, middle-aged adults who have many family members were more likely to use care services, while older adults’
family members were not statistically significant. Second, need factors such as the discharged patients were pivotal in care service uses
of both middle-aged and older adults. Third, older adults who had used other social care services before were less likely to use this short-term
care SOS services, but the result was not statistically significant for middle-aged adults. Based on the results, we suggested social welfare
interventions such as developing intensive care services for the discharged based on community care, interlocking and connecting social
care services, making interventions for the excluded who needs imminent services as well as pointed out the importance of universal care services for both older and middle-aged adults.
Influence of Empathy on the Elderly, Resilience and Person-centered Nursing on Nursing Service Quality of Nurses Working inIntegrated Nursing Care Service (INCS) Unit
Authors:   Korea Gerontological Society, Yu Jae Eun , Park Ju Young
Published: August 2023

The purpose of study is a descriptive investigation study to identify the impact of empathy, resilience, and person-centered nursing
on integrated nurse care service (INCS) unit nurses’ self-recognized nursing service quality. The subjects was analyzed using frequency,
percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson correlation, and Hierarchical regression regression
analysis with the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. There were significant relationships between nursing service quality and empathy (r=.54, p<.001),
resilience (r=.59, p<.001), person-centered nursing (r=.61, p<.001). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the factors influencing nursing
service quality were person-centered nursing (β=.53, p<.001) and resilience (β=.27 p<.001) in this study. In order to increase the nursing
service quality of nurses working in integrated nurse care service (INCS) units, person-centered nursing and resilience have been identified
as significant factors. Therefore, it is necessary to educate nurses on competency development so that nurses working in integrated nurse
care service (INCS) units can perform person-centered nursing. In addition, a program to improve the ability to cope with stress and crisis
situations should be prepared for nurses working in integrated nurse care service (INCS) units.
LINGUISTIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF THE IDIOMATIC SPACE OF ENGLISH MILITARY-ORIENTED TEXTS
Authors:   Bohdan Khmelnytsky National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, BASARABA I.
Published: August 2023

In the article, the author conducts a linguistic and statistical analysis of the idiomatic space of English-language military-oriented texts and an experimental verification of the linguistic features of thephraseological units functioning. In the course of the study, the author used a number of research methods and identified morphological, syntactic, lexical and semantic features of phraseological units used in English-language military-oriented texts. In order to obtain reliable results on the morphology, semantics and structure of phraseological units, 1670 phraseological units were selected in compliance with all the requirements for sampling using mathematical statistics methods. The results of the sample processing have revealed a number of regularities in the idiomatic space of English-language literary texts on military topics, in particular, the most common among the phraseological units are verbal phraseological units, which are more than three times as numerous as substantive ones, eight times as numerous as adjectival phraseological units and more than ten times as numerous as adverbial phraseological units. The author explains this correlation with the description of active military operations in the studied works, which is why verbal phraseology prevails in the texts. In addition, the author distinguishes lexical and semantic fields, in particular the lexical and semantic field of action, features, subject matter, time, feelings and emotions, and conditions. Based on the distribution of phraseological units between lexico-semantic fields and the analysis of the content of each field, the author argues that the greatest accumulation occurs in the following fields: verbal phraseological units in the lexico-semantic field “action”; substantive – in the lexico-semantic field “subject matter”; adjectival – in the lexico-semantic field “feature”; adverbial – in the lexico-semantic field “conditions”; interjections, proverbs, sayings – in the lexical-semantic field “emotions and feelings”. The author proves that there is a connection between the content of classes of phraseological units on the basis of morphological features and the content of the selected lexical and semantic fields of the idiomatic space of literary texts on military topics.
Crop image classification using convolutional neural network
Authors: Sardeshmukh Mhalsakant , Chakkaravarthy Midhun , Shinde Sagar , Chakkaravarthy Divya
Published: August 2023

A crop image classification using convolutional neural network is proposed in the paper.  Classification of crop images is important and required in many applications such as yield prediction, decease detection etc. (Yang et al., 2020)(Kavitha et al., 2022). The main challenges are availability of the large dataset and extraction of meaningful features to describe a class of image(Barbedo, 2018). We have proposed a convolutional neural network to and the pre-trained models like VGG 16 and Resnet 50 for crop image classification. The pre-trained models trained on millions of images for a very large class size. The results shows that VGG 16 can be best used for our application as gives the accuracy of more than 98 %. The CNN training accuracy is 93 % but testing accuracy is only 42%. This is due to the lack of training data available. The accuracy of the CNN can be improved using large dataset. The Resnet 50 fails for crop image classification.
Property enhancement of 3D printed of timber waste/PLA composite by surface coating
Authors: B. Elumalai , Gurijala Chakravarthi , Giridharan K.  , Padmanabhan S.  , Boopathi Balaji
Published: August 2023

Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that is both biocompatible and biodegradable. It is one of the bio-driven polymers. Additive manufacturing has opened up a plethora of new product types and application possibilities. In order to print components and parts, the fused deposition modeling technique makes use of polymer filaments. An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effects of layer thickness and epoxy resin coating on the mechanical and water absorption capabilities of 3D printed timber waste/PLA composites. The results of the investigation are presented in this paper. The specimens were printed using a commercial Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) method with layer thicknesses of 0.15 mm, 0.20 mm, and 0.25 mm. The specimens were made of wood waste and PLA composite. It was decided to cover the specimens with Araldite LY556 epoxy resin, with Aradur HY 591 serving as a hardener. Standard ASTM testing procedures were used to evaluate the tensile, impact, and water absorption capabilities of the material. Layer thicknesses of 0.15 mm yield the greatest results in terms of tensile strength and impact resistance. The samples with 0.15 mm layer thicknees provided the best tensile strength of 14.647 MPa, impact strength of 4.952 KJ/mm and 1.813 Wt. % of water absoption. The Araldite LY556 epoxy coating improved the tensile and impact strength of 3D printed specimens of different layer thicknesses and also reduced the water absorption to an appreciable amount. The coating improved the average tensile strength by 25.66% and impact strength by 33.16% and also reduced the water absorption by 89.96%.