bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Böbrek Biyopsilerinin Histopatolojik Değerlendirilmesi: Tek Merkez Yedi Yıllık Deneyim
Authors: AYDIN Emre , YILMAZ AYDIN Fatma , YILMAZ Engin Deniz , ALABALIK Ulaş
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Böbrek biyopsisi, böbrek parankimal hastalıkların histopatolojik tanısının konulmasında sıklıkla kullanılan altın standart bir yöntemdir. Böbrek biyopsi kayıtları ile böbrek hastalıklarının epidemiyolojisi belirlenir. Literatürdeki çalışmalar incelendiğinde proteinüri en sık böbrek biyopsi endikasyonu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Glomerulonefritler ise en sık (GN) görülen histopatolojik sonuçlar olmaktadır. GN histopatolojik alt tiplerinin dağılımı ise coğrafi bölge, yaş, etnik kökene göre değişebilmektedir. Bizde bu çalışmada bölgemizdeki böbrek biyopsi sonuçlarına göre erişkin nefropati profilini tespit etmeyi amaçladık. Çalışmanın sonuçları aynı zamanda GN olgularının yaş ve cinsiyete göre sıklığının belirlenmesine de yardımcı olacaktır.

Yöntemler: Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nefroloji Kliniğinde Ocak 2011–Aralık 2017 yılları arasında ultrason eşliğinde perkütan böbrek biyopsisi yapılıp tanısı konulan 441 hastanın dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların cinsiyet, yaş, biyopsi tarihi, histopatolojik tanısı değerlendirildi. Yıllara göre biyopsi yapılan hasta sayıları analiz edildi. Ayrıca cinsiyete ve yaşa göre biyopsi tanıları incelendi. Hastalar 18-39 yaş, 40-59 yaş ve 60 yaş üstü diye 3 gruba ayrıldı.

Bulgular: Hastaların %53.7’si (n=237) erkek, %46.3 (n=204) kadındı. Ortalama yaş 37.4 olup erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 39.9, kadınların 34.5 yıl idi. Tüm yaş ve cinsiyet gruplarında en sık görülen histopatolojik tanılar FSGS (%21.8), Membranöz GN (%20.4) ve IgA Nefropatisi (%11.6) olup; erkeklerde en sık Membranöz GN (%21.9), kadınlarda en sık FSGS (%24) olarak saptandı. 18-39 yaş arası 225 hastada en sık FSGS, 40-59 yaş arası 164 hastada en sık Membranöz GN, 60 yaş üstü 52 hastada ise en sık KTIN tanısı konuldu.

Sonuç: Bölgemizde erişkin böbrek biyopsi sonuçları göstermektedir ki FSGS, Membranöz GN ve IgA nefropatisi en sık görülen primer glomerülopatilerdir. Sekonder GN’ler içerisinde en sık Lupus Nefriti ve Amiloidoz görülmektedir. Yaşla birlikte glomeruler hastalıklar azalmaktayken, Kronik Tubulointertisyel hastalıkların ve Amiloidozun sıklığı artmaktadır. Çalışmamızdaki sonuçlar ülkemizdeki böbrek biyopsi verileri ile benzerdi.
Amniyosentez Uygulanan 217 Olgunun Analizi
Authors: ŞEKER Erdal , ELÇİ Evindar , ÖÇAL Aydın
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Kliniğimizde amniyosentez (AS) uygulanan 217 olgunun sonuçlarını retrospektif olarak değerlendirmektir.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza Eylül 2011 ile Temmuz 2013 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde AS uygulanan 217 olgu dâhil edildi. Bilgilere hasta dosyaları incelenerek ulaşıldı. Gebeliklerin prognozu ve bebeklerin durumu, hastalar telefon ile aranarak ulaşıldı. AS yapılmadan önce ayrıntılı ultrason (US) incelemesi yapıldı. AS uygulanan gebelerin yaşı, gravida, parite, abortus, yaşayan çocuk sayısı, gebelik haftası, tarama testleri ve US’de saptanan anomaliler kaydedildi. AS endikasyonları ise tarama testi pozitifliği, ileri anne yaşı, maternal anksiyete, daha önceden kromozom anomalili bebek doğurma öyküsü, US’de fetal anomali düşündüren bulgular olarak belirlendi.

Bulgular: Gebelerin ortalama yaşı 32,37±6,20 (18-47), gravida 2,59±1,91 (0-11), parite 1,14±1,41 (0-8), abortus 0,51±0,91 (0-5), yaşayan çocuk sayısı 1,09±1,03 (0-8) ve gebelik haftası 17,58±1,80 (13-27) olarak bulundu. AS endikasyonlarında ilk sırayı %24,9 ile pozitif üçlü testin yer aldığı tespit edildi. AS uygulanan 18 (%8) olguda karyotip anomalisi tespit edildi. Bu karyotip anomalilerinden 6’sı yaşamla bağdaşan anomalilerdir. Kromozomal anomali saptanan olgulardan 4’ü trizomi 21 (Down sendromu), 2’si trizomi 18 (Edward sendromu), 2’si monozomi x (Turner sendromu) ve sırasıyla birer olgu da trizomi 13 (Patau sendromu), trizomi 10, triploidi ve parsiyel tirizomi 10 (Pallister-Killian sendromu) idi. İzole ileri anne yaşı nedeni ile AS uygulanan 22 olgunun hiç birinde kromozomal anomali saptanmadı. Olguların hiç birinde işlemden sonra ilk üç haftada veya karyotip sonucu alındığı tarihe kadar abortus veya fetal kayıp izlenmedi. Hastaların 6’sı (%2,76) preterm eylem nedeniyle erken doğum yaptı. Üç (%1,30) olgumuzda intrauterin eksitus saptandı. İşlem sonrası hiçbir hastada maternal komplikasyon izlenmedi.

Sonuç: Kromozomal anomaliler daha çok US’de fetal anomali saptanan ve birden çok nedene bağlı endikasyonlar ile AS uygulanan hasta grubunda saptanmıştır. Bu da prenatal tanı amacıyla yapılan anomali taramasının deneyimli ve konunun uzmanları tarafından yapılmasının daha yararlı olacağını göstermektedir. Yalnız ileri anne yaşının kromozomal anomali yakalama şansını fazla artırmadığını düşünüyoruz.
Prolaktinoma Tanılı Hastalarda Prediyabet Sıklığı
Authors: KARTAL BAYKAN Emine , KARAÜZÜM YALÇIN Nazlıgül , AYDIN Ünsal
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Prolaktinin (PRL) çeşitli hayvan türlerinde glikoz intoleransı, hiperinsülinemi ve insülin direncini indüklediği daha önce yapılan çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Biz bu çalışmada prolaktinoma tanılı hastalarda metabolik etkilere yönelik daha fazla bilgi edinmeyi ve prediyabet sıklığını göstermeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza kliniğimizde takip ettiğimiz bilinen kronik hastalığı olmayan 30 prolaktinoma tanılı hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak benzer yaş, cinsiyet ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ)’ne sahip 66 sağlıklı insan dahil edildi. Antropometrik parametreler (boy, kilo, VKİ) ve serum hbA1c, açlık kan plazma glukozu(APG), PRL değerleri ölçüldü.

Bulgular: Prolaktinomalı hastalarda prediyabet anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek bulundu. Prolaktinoma ile APG arasında pozitif koreleasyon saptandı. Prolakinoma ile VKİ arasında pozitif koreleasyon saptandı.

Sonuç: Prolaktinomalı hastalarda prediyabet sıklığında artış saptandı. Prolaktinoma ile APG yüksekliği ve VKİ’ndeki artış anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkiliydi.
Opere Kalça Kırığı Olgularında D Vitamini ve Biokimyasal Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MERT Murat , ERMUTLU Cenk
Published: June 2020

Giriş: Osteoporoz, yaşa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan multifaktöryel bir durumdur ve artmış kalça kırığı insidansı ile ilişkilidir. Kemik döngüsü belirteçleri, osteoporoz varlığında yüksek oranda etkilenir. Bu çalışmamızda, kalça kırığı nedeniyle opere edilen yaşlı bireylerde D vitamini ve Parathormon (PTH) düzeylerini ve bu metabolitlerin serum fosfor (P) ve kalsiyum (Ca) metabolizması ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: İkinci basamak bir hastaneye kalça kırığı nedeniyle başvuran ve replasman cerrahisi yapılan 43 hastanın serum 25OHD3, PTH, Ca ve P düzeyleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar, D vitamini düzeylerine göre gruplara ayrıldı. Yaş ve analiz edilen parametreler arasındaki korelasyon incelendi.

Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilen hastalardaki D vitamini eksikliği insidansı %74.4 iken, %20.9 hastada D vitamini düzeylerinde yetersizlik söz konusu idi. Hasta grubunun %4.7’sinde ise D vitamin seviyeleri normal düzeylerde saptandı (p
A Sarcoidosis Case With Galaxy Sign Admitted With A Rare Symptom : Hemoptysis
Authors: SERTÇELİK Lale , ARMAĞAN HAZAR Fatma
Published: June 2020

30 year-old male patient applied to hospital with complaint of hemoptysis. 30 year-old male patient applied to hospital with complaint of hemoptysis. Bilateral extensive nodular infiltrations and mediastinal lymphadenopathies were detected. Wedge resection and parietal pleura biopsy were performed for the patient. The pathology report indicated that the case should be further examined from the aspect of granulomatous diseases, especially the sarcoidosis. The diagnosis was made as galaxy sign of sarcoidosis. Hemoptysis is a rare symptom seen in sarcoidosis. The hemoptysis is observed at advanced stage of sarcoidosis and in presence of cavity in sarcoidosis. There is no study in literature regarding the initial complaint of hemoptysis in sarcoidosis case, for whom the galaxy appearance was observed radiologically. Here, we present the etiological causes of granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis with non-typical clinic and radiology.
Koronavirüs Cerrahi Vakalarında Genel Anestezi Yönetimi: Farklı Bir Fikir
Authors: AKELMA Hakan , KAYA Sedat
Published: June 2020

Aralık 2019'da, Çin'in Hubei Eyaleti, Wuhan'da yeni ve endişe verici şekilde bulaşıcı, şiddetli solunum yetmezliğine neden olan koronavirüs kısa zamanda dünyanın her tarafına yayılarak bugün yaklaşık 750 bin insanı enfekte etmiştir. Artan vaka sayısı sonucunda cerrahiye alınacak corona virüs hastasının sayısında da artma olmuştur. Biz bu yazımızda ameliyat geçirecek olan Covit-19 vakalarının preoperatif ve postoperatif dönemde enfeksiyonu yaymasını engelleyecek yeni fikirleri literatüre sunmayı amaçladık.
SARS-CoV-2 ile İlişkili Akut Böbrek Hasarı
Authors: ŞİT Dede , KAYABAŞI Hasan
Published: June 2020

2019 yılının sonunda Çin'de patlak veren yeni tip koronavirüs (COVID-19) çok kısa sürede küresel bir salgın halini aldı. COVID-19 infeksiyonu esas olarak solunum sistemini etkilemekle birlikte, şiddetli akciğer tutulumu olan olgularda ileri yaş, diyabet, hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler hastalık, kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) gibi yüksek risk grubundaki hastalarda böbrek tutulumu sık görülmektedir. Akut böbrek hasarı (ABH), COVID-19 infeksiyonunun majör komplikasyonlarından biridir, KBH olanlarda daha sık görülmektedir ve artmış morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkilidir. ABH gelişen olgularda kalıcı böbrek hasarı riski artmıştır. Özellikle COVID-19 infeksiyonu sırasında böbrek fonksiyonlarının dikkatle kontrol edilmesi ve süreç içinde yakın izlem gerektiği, halen etkin bir tedavisi olmayan bu pandemik infeksiyon için yaşamsal önemdedir. Bu derlemede COVID-19 seyri sırasında gelişebilecek böbrek tutulumu ve akut böbrek hasarı tartışılmıştır.
Successful Treatment for Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma of the Maxilla: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Etebarian Arghavan , Moravej Mohamadreza
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Plasma cell tumors are monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells which are divided into three groups: solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) which are localized forms, and multiple myeloma (MM) which is the disseminated form. Skull, long bones, and vertebrae are common sites for SBP and its presence in maxillofacial area is rare. There is a possibility that SBP converts to MM and some authors believe that it can be the early stage of MM. Case Presentation: Here, we present a 59-year old male patient with a mass in maxillary bone enlarging after tooth extraction. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed the existence of a poorly defined lesion in the left maxilla. The microscopic evaluation and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diffuse and monoclonal population of cells, indicating the diagnosis of plasma cell tumor. There was also no evidence of bone marrow involvement in the aspiration. Conclusions: Early and precise diagnosis of SBP is a crucial element to rule out the possibility of MM. It must be kept in mind that there is possibility of recurrence or progression to MM after treatment which can completely change the course of disease, and this emphasizes the importance of regular follow up.
Assessment of Cardiac Function by Advanced Echocardiography in Breast Cancer Patients (HER2 Positive vs HER2 Negative)
Authors: Zohrian Fatemeh , Alizadehasl Azin , Zahedi Lida , Ghaderian Homa , Anbiaee Robab , Azade Payam
Published: June 2020

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) is a gene that makes proteins in the breast cell. The HER2 gene is present in about 25% - 30% of patients with breast cancers. The most common side effect of drugs is left ventricular dysfunction. Evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 2D echocardiography cannot detect subtle changes in LV systolic function. Objectives: We want to draw a comparison between two groups of breast cancer patients (HER2 positive and negative) by advanced echocardiography. Methods: We have conducted a single center prospective study at Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in 2018 - 2019. Results: This analysis included 58 patients with breast cancer. 15 cases (34%) were HER2 positive. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (2D LVEF) in HER2 positive patients was 55 % at baseline and in HER2 negative patients was 55 %. In HER2 positive patients we had 10 percent decrease in LVEF during follow-up and the final LVEF was about 45% (P value < 0.05). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction by 3D echocardiography (3D LVEF) in HER positive patients was 57 % and in HER2 negative patients was 55 % at baseline. In HER2 positive patients we had about 20% decrease in 3D LVEF and the final LVEF was 40 % (P value < 0.05). Mean circumferential strain (GCS) in HER2 positive patients was -21 and in HER2 negative patients was -21 at baseline which decreased to -18 in HER positive patients and -17 in HER2 negative patients, showing clinical significance ( P value = 0.008). Conclusions: In our study HER2 positive breast cancers showed about 10% drop in 2DEF, about 20% drop in 3DLVEF and about 5% drop in HMLVEF, which all were significant (P value < 0.05). We found that GCS is more sensitive than GLS in detecting subclinical involvement, and early changes in GCS is a good predictor of subsequent development of drugs (anthracycline-transtuzumab) induced cardiotoxicity.
Hepatitis B and C Infections Among Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Babatola Adefunke Olarinre , Olatunya Oladele Simeon , Faboya Ayodeji Opeyemi , Ojo Temitope Olumuyiwa , Kayode Segun Tolorunju , Komolafe Akinwumi Kolawole , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu , Ajayi Oladimeji Akande
Published: June 2020

Background: The frequent use of blood products for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may put them at risk of being infected with hepatitis virus infections, especially if such blood products are not properly screened. Hepatitis B and C infections (HBV and HCV, respectively) may result in cirrhosis and liver cell cancer. Objectives: This study determined the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease in comparison with matched controls at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospitals (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that comprised of 116 patients with SCD and their aged and sex-matched controls who were referred to the pediatric clinics at EKSUTH. The hemoglobin (Hb) genotypes of the participants were confirmed by Hb electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Biorad, USA Variant II, using the Beta thalassemia short program. Moreover, HBV and HCV antigens were assessed by the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method (Kits were manufactured by Biotech Laboratories USA). Results: The mean ages of the patients with SCD and controls were 8.35 ± 4.50 and 8.92 ± 3.25 years, respectively. The seroprevalence of HBV infection among the children with sickle cell disease and controls was 1% each (P =1.00). The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was 0% among the two groups. Most (98.3%) of the patients with SCD and controls were fully vaccinated against HBV infection. The two children (100%) that were seropositive for hepatitis B were never vaccinated against HBV infection. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HBV infection is low among patients with SCD and controls. This may be due to the protective effect of high hepatitis B vaccination rate and high quality of care among our study population.
From the Beautiful to the Bland: Amazing Treasures at the Library of Congress
Authors: Laiosa Joyce , Bange Stephanie
Published: June 2020

Organized by ALSC’s Special Collections and Bechtel Fellowship Committee, a group of eight guests were treated to a presentation of some of the rare wonders for children at the Library of Congress (LC) while in Washington, DC, for the 2019 American Library Association (ALA) Annual Conference.Our guide was Dr. Sybille A. Jagusch, chief, Children’s Literature Center in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division. She manages the collection of 600,000 children’s items, acquires and purchases items for the collection, arranges lectures, plans and executes exhibitions with printed guides in many cases, and is open to sharing (as she did for us) delightful items that were once handled by children from the United States as well as the rest of the world.
Woman of the Decades: The Legendary Louise Seaman Bechtel
Authors: Von Drasek Lisa
Published: June 2020

When I found out I was awarded ALSC’s Bechtel Fellowship to conduct research in the Baldwin Library of Historical Children’s Literature at the University of Florida Libraries in Gainesville, I was honored, thrilled, and excited. I was also curious to learn more about the person for whom my fellowship was named.
Experimental evaluation of strength degradation of orthodontic chain elastics exposed to cigarette combustion smoke
Authors: Ferraz Caio , Mathias Paula , Costa Matheus , Pithon Matheus , Braga Emanuel
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Effects of cigars in the performance of dental restorative materials have been largely investigated; however, no information about the role of smoking cigars in strength degradation of orthodontic elastics has been revealed. Aim of the study: evaluate the effect of smoke derived from cigarette combustion on the strength degradation of orthodontic chain elastics. Materials and methods: Four distinct elastics from two different manufacturers were evaluated: Maximum Power Chain Pearl (OTP) (OrthoTechnology); Maximum Power Chain Pearl Tone Blue (OTPB) (OrthoTechnology); Orthodontic Elastic Chain Gray (MG) (Morelli); Orthodontic Elastic Chain Crystal (MC) (Morelli). Elastic segments were distended and exposed for eight minutes, twice a day with interval of 12 hours to cigarette combustion smoke. Elastic tension was evaluated at baseline, 7, 14 and 21 days. Results: the findings have shown that all elastics presented progressive tension reduction over the period evaluated. Statistically significant differences were evidenced from the baseline to 7 days and from 14 to 21 days period. The OTP and OTPB elastics presented greater initial tension when compared to the MG and MC elastics. This pattern was reproduced throughout the study periods. When test groups were compared to the control in the period of 21 days, it was observed that cigars combustion smoke reduced in a statistically significant manner the elastic strength in all groups tested. Relative comparisons between the tested samples and control in the period of 21 days indicated that smoke exposure promoted strength loss that varied from 7% (OTP) to 12% (OTPB). Conclusion: experimental exposure to cigarettes combustion smoke contributed for the strength degradation of orthodontic chain elastics in the period of 21 days.
La méthodologie du PCAO : une approche de recherche-action au service de la réflexion collective des équipes de direction en contexte de changement organisationnel
Authors: Béliveau Julie , Corriveau Anne-Marie
Published: June 2020

Bien que la réflexion collective soit souhaitée et souhaitable, elle s’avère souvent difficile à réaliser pour les équipes de direction des établissements du réseau de la santé qui sont aux prises avec des changements importants et constants. Cet article illustre que la recherche-action, et plus précisément la méthodologie du parcours collectif d’apprentissage organisationnel (PCAO), peut contribuer à soutenir cette réflexion collective. L’analyse des données tirées d’un projet de recherche mené auprès de cinq établissements de santé et de services sociaux du Québec permet d’établir de quelles façons. Plus concrètement, cet article explique comment se construit la réflexion collective des équipes de direction à travers les différentes étapes du PCAO. En démontrant que cette réflexion mène à un véritable apprentissage organisationnel, les résultats de l’étude positionnent le PCAO comme une méthode de recherche-action non seulement utile du point de vue de la recherche, mais aussi comme approche de développement organisationnel.
Examining Changes in Bat Swing Kinematics in Different Areas of the Strike Zone in Collegiate Baseball Players
Authors: Williams Charles C. , Donahue Paul T. , Wilson Samuel J. , Mouser J. Grant , Hill Christopher M. , Luginsland Lauren A. , Gdovin Jacob R. , Wade Chip , Garner John C.
Published: June 2020

Background: According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) there are over 34,000 athletes who compete in baseball at the collegiate level. These individuals spend countless hours training to improve their ability at bat performance by use of a batting tee and their position preference. However, during a game situation an athlete may swing a bat through their strike zone depending on the pitch thrown by an opposing pitcher. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to examine changes in swing kinematics throughout an individual’s strike zone in collegiate baseball players. Variables of interest included resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC) and the angle of the bat at ball contact (BABC). Methodology: A series of markers were placed on the tee and bat to record swing kinematic variables of interest. Participants completed a brief two-minute on-deck warm-up protocol before being counterbalanced into completing 15 swing trials in various regions of their respective strike zone. A ten-minute washout period was completed followed by another 15 swing trials throughout their strike zone until there was a total of 45 swing trials, having 5 swing trials completed in each of the nine regions of the strike zone. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance were used to examine swing kinematic variables of interest. Significant differences were found in RVBC along with significant differences in BABC (p<.05). Conclusions: Knowledge of this information can allow both athlete and sport coach to identify areas of weakness when addressing their hitting performance in preparation for an at bat situation during a game.
A Multi-factorial Analysis of Elementary Students’ Interest in Physical Education Considering Students’ Ethnicity and Gender
Authors: Hatten John D , Hannon James C
Published: June 2020

Background: Student’s harboring positive interest in physical education is of great concerning in academia. More importantly, the rational as to why one would maintain a positive interest in physical education is of concern. These topics have been widely researched. However, the comparison of gender and ethnicity as it relates to students’ interest in physical education is a novel investigation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between elementary student’s interest in physical education considering gender, ethnicity, curricular and teacher influences, and student’s perceived competency. Method: Participants included 99 fifth-grade elementary school students (62 males, 37 females). Participant selection was conducted by utilizing 6 intact physical education classes from a single culturally diverse elementary school. The Physical Education Interest Questionnaire was the instrument used for this study as well as open-ended questions for the purpose of qualitative analysis (Van Wersch, Trew, & Turner, 1992). Results: Findings, indicated that students, regardless of ethnicity and gender, maintained positive interest in physical education. However, male students maintained greater interest in physical education than female students, irrespective of ethnicity. Caucasian students maintained significantly higher interest than other ethnicities. Perceived competence had the most effect on students’ overall interest. Answers to open-ended questions supported these results. Conclusion: Although this study identified that a positive interest in physical education regardless of the subjects’ gender and ethnicity existed, it is imperative that future instructors consider teaching non-mainstream individual fitness activities to students. This would lead to increased individual perceived competency and continued positive interest in physical education.
Fall Armyworm in South Asia: Threats and Management
Authors: Lamsal Suraj , Sibi Shelton , Yadav Sova
Published: June 2020

Fall armyworm arrived on the Indian subcontinent in May 2018 and now it has spread across  India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and approaching more beyond South East Asia. Strong flying capacity, climate adaptability, and wide host range makes them a better colonizing agent than other species of armyworms. Despite maize being primarily infested  in this region, infestation on sugarcane, sorghum, cotton and cabbage have already been reported from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. National agricultural research bodies  like ICAR, IIMR, NARC, BARI etc. as well as international organizations like FAO, CGIAR, CIMMYT and CABI are working at different levels in effort to develop managemen strategies to combat the pest. Since it is practically impossible to eradicate the pest now, it is essential to work for long term management and in keeping pest population below economically injury level. Reliance on synthetic pesticides only is a temporary way of dealing with the pest. Educating the farmers themselves about the pest and practicing integrated approach of management compatible and feasible in the region would be more sustainable. Identification and using native species of natural enemies, such as predators, parasites and parasitoids is the current need of research. The experiences of small holder farmers in Africa and South America in fall armyworm management might be relevant to South Asia.
Phytochemical Assessment, in vivo Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Evaluation of Aerva javanica Crude Methanolic Extract
Authors: Wisal . , Azorji J. N. , Khattak Wajeeha , Basit Mian Fazli , Johnny I. I. , Khan Yaseen , Abbas Muhammad , Izundu M. I. , Muslim Uzma , Asad Fayaz
Published: June 2020

The current study was carried out to assess the effect of the crude methanolic extract of Aerva javanica for hepatoprotective and nephroprotective assessment along with their antioxidant potential against 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylenbenzthiazolin)-6sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2diphenyle-1-picrylhyzyl (DPPH) using a standard protocol. Result of the crude methanolic extract of Aerva javanica showed 65.55, 59.37, 53.86, 47.49 and 34.76% inhibition against DPPH while against ABTS it showed 60.12, 48.45, 41.36, 37.99 and 31.89% inhibition at the concentrations 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 μg/mL. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control and displayed a dose-dependent response. Results of Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) have shown 52% and 67%.The crude methanolic extract of Aerva javanicawas tested at two different doses for hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect (150 and 300 mg/kg) in rabbits model. In comparison with the standard drug and normal saline, the test sample showed a significant hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect. The effects of all the analyzed biomarkers of the liver (AST, ALT, ALP, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, and serum bilirubin) and Urea (Blood serum, Blood sugar, and Serum creatinine) showed significant effects both at 150 and 300 mg/kg. Both doses were found hepatoprotective (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg). Whereas, some liver biomarkers (ALT, ALP, serum triglyceride) of the methanolic extract at a dose of 300mg/kg showed significant hepatoprotective while some biomarkers (AST, serum cholesterol and serum bilirubin) was found effective at a dose of 150 mg/kg rather than the higher dose. The nephroprotective effect of the plant also increases in a dose-dependent manner i.e it is more effective at a dose of 300 mg/kg as compared to 150 mg/kg body weight. On the bases of these biomarkers, the plant extract was found an effective hepatoprotective at both the test doses.
New Aspects of Leisure Agriculture within Smart Tourism Era
Authors: Yen Tsai-Fa (TF)
Published: June 2020

With the development of China's economy, tourism has become an essential necessity of ordinary people's lives, and rural tourism has also been receiving more and more attention from all quarters. The development of leisure agriculture is a market need, a development need of the times, and human civilization, as well as the inevitable trend of development. Therefore, this study aims at providing some recommendations based on literature reviewed previous studies related to smart tourism and leisure agriculture. Findings report that the prospects of technology for farm manager, the technicalization for facilities and equipment, and the immediate response should be concerned by the owners of the farm and managers of farm business of leisure agriculture within smart tourism era.
Seed and Seedling Response of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. to Lengths of Storage at Room Temperature and Pretreatments
Authors: Olayode Olufunke O.
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study was carried out to evaluate the response of seeds and seedlings of Irvingia gabonensis to different lengths of storage at room temperature and pretreatments.

Study Design:  Randomized Complete Block Design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the nursery of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Methods: Mature fruits of I. gabonensis were obtained from its area of natural range in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Depulped seeds were subjected to different lengths of storage and pretreatments. The different lengths of storage were Fresh, 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days represented as LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4 and LS5 respectively. Pretreatments were control, steeping in water at room temperature, soaking in hot water and scarification represented as PT1, PT2, PT3 and PT4 respectively.

Results: In LS1, germination began under PT1, PT2 and PT4 at 20, 19 and 21 Days after Sowing (DAS) respectively producing 90%, 100% and 100% germination respectively. Under LS2, seeds subjected to PT1, PT2 and PT4 germinated at 23, 24 and 23 DAS giving 90%, 90% and 80% germination respectively. At LS3, germination began in PT1, PT2 and PT4 at 26, 27 and 26 DAS producing 60%, 90% and 60% germination. However, seeds subjected to PT3 did not germinate throughout duration of experiment. Although, Analysis of Variance revealed significant difference at certain assessment period for seedling growth variables, there were no marked differences.

Conclusion: Seeds of Irvingia gabonensis can be successfully stored for up to four weeks at room temperature without a significant loss in viability although germination percentage would reduce with increasing length of storage. Soaking I. gabonensis seeds in water at room temperature can be adopted for pretreating its seeds prior to sowing although untreated seeds still produced good germination.
Analysis of Dynamic System Toward Governor Policy of Nusa Tenggara Timur about Quota of Beef Cattle Export (Case Study in Plantation Agroecosystem of Timor Island)
Authors: Priyanto Rudy , Riwukore Jefirstson Richset , Yani Ahmad , Purwanto Bagus Priyo , Abdullah Luki , Fuah Asnath Maria , Habaora Fellyanus
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the policy of the Governor of Nusa Tenggara Timur regarding the quota of beef cattle exports to areas of a national beef consumer toward the development of the Bali cattle population on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Determination of the location by purposive sampling based on physical criteria (land area), biology (availability and population of Bali cattle), and socio-culture (policy) so that the sampling locations representing the agroecosystem of plantations in Kupang district. The material used was 57 Bali cattle and involved 107 respondents of Bali cattle farmers. Respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire of reproduction status of Bali cattle. In addition to interviews, field observations were also conducted to measure the response of Bali cattle production. This research uses primary and secondary data. Data analysis is done by building a dynamic system using Powersim and interpreting simulation results for the next 30 years.The results showed a significant decrease in the population of Bali cattle over the next 30 years due to the high mortality of calves and female parent, low reproductive status of the female, and the export of cattle from uncontrolled agroecosystems. The results of this study indicate that the beef cattle export quota currently determined by local governments needs to be reviewed. The strategy to improve the quality of Bali cattle production in plantation agroecosystems to support cattle export quotas from Timor Island namely (1) farmers and local governments in striving to increase the population of Bali cattle in the agroecosystem of plantation can be done with a technical approach including prevention of death of cattle to the lowest level (<5% per year) and limitations on cattle exports according to the ability of the region; (2) improving the reproductive quality of Bali cattle through artificial insemination or controlled mating management so that it is more efficient; and (3) the government and stakeholders need to review the policy to determined cattle export quotas and improve the reproductive status of cattle in good breeding practice.
Technical Sheet of the Preparation of Traditional Cassava Starters Used for Attieke Production in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Abel Boli Zamblé Bi Irié , Jean-Paul Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan , Alfred Kouamé Kouhi , Hermann Coulibaly Wahauwouele , Celah Kakou Abodjo , Nevry Rose Koffi- , Marcellin Dje Koffi
Published: June 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the different methods of preparing the traditional cassava starters used for attiéké production in Côte d'Ivoire, allowed the recounting of five different production methods.

Study Design: Sampling of cassava starters were collected from attiéké producers de four areas of south of Côte d’Ivoire. The cassava starters obtained with the braised cassava were collected from attiéké women producers of Grand-Lahou, those obtained directly from fresh cassava were collected from attiéké producers in the region of Bonoua, and those obtained with the cassava cooked at water were collected from attiéké women producers of Abidjan and Jacqueville. Place and Duration of Study: University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (between March 2018 and June 2019).

Methodology: Traditional cassava starters are produced with the bitter or sweet variety of cassava, either freshly preserved without cooking until fermented, boiled in boiling water or braised over a wood fire.

Conclusion:  This study highlighted five methods of preparing traditional cassava starters used in Côte d'Ivoire for the preparation of attiéké, a food derived from cassava. This is the starters from fresh preserved uncooked cassava that derived from fresh braised cassava and those (three) from fresh cassava cooked with boiling water either with the casing or without the casing after cooking and without the shell during cooking.
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants used as Anti-Obesity Remedies in Foumban and Dschang Cities (West-Cameroon)
Authors: Epoh Nadine Joissy , Dongmo Olivette Laure Matafack , Tchouanguep Félicité Mbiapo , Telefo Phelix Bruno
Published: June 2020

Aim: Obesity is a public health problem on a global and national scale. It is associated with high blood pressure, type II diabetes and certain metabolic complications. In Cameroon, obesity is observed in both rural and urban population where the people are still very attached to traditional values to solve their health problems. The present study was aimed at determining antiobesity medicinal plants used by the traditional healers in the Foumban and Dschang Municipalities.

Methodology: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against obesity was conducted in 2 localities, Foumban and Dschang, of the western region of Cameroon. The questionnaire was submitted and the information was collected via oral interviews with traditional healers and the people of the localities who benefited from anti-obesity treatments based on medicinal plants.

Results: Twenty five medicinal plants belonging to 16 families and used in the management of obesity were identified. Leaves and bark are the most used plant parts; they are followed by fruits (seeds) and Roots. Most herbal remedies are prepared as decoction in Foumban (30%) and Dschang (62%) respectively. The most common plant used by these people was Solanum indicum (49.27%, Foumban) and Tetrapleura tetraptera (40%, Dschang).

Conclusion: Relatively to the management of obesity with medicinal plants, the population of these localities presented interesting knowledge. However, there is still a need for further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations of the above common and most used ones.
Malaria Parasitaemia and Variations in Haematological Parameters among Pregnant Women in Buea
Authors: Nyanga Judith Lum Ndamukong- , Wolloh Gisele Christiana Miangu , Yunga Nyanga Bernard , Jacqueline Nchangsen , Ndamukong Ngum Catherine
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria is a life threatening parasitic disease that is entirely preventable and curable. Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable groups to this deadly disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality. Haematological changes that occur during malaria infection have been suggested as a potential predictor that can aid in the diagnosis of malaria infection.

Methods: A cross sectional study involving 276 pregnant women with signs and symptoms of malaria was conducted at Regional Hospital Buea (RHB) from April to July 2018. Baselines characteristics of the study population were collected. Blood (4 ml) was collected from each pregnant woman and dispensed into an EDTA tube.  Identification of malaria parasite was done using a rapid diagnostic test (Care StartTM). Complete blood count was performed using an automated haematology analyzer (Mindray®, BC-5300).

Results: Out of the 276 pregnant women, 98 (35.51%) had malaria. A total of eighty eight (31.88%) of the pregnant women were anaemic, with forty eight (17.4%) being malaria infected and forty (14.5%) non-malaria. The mean (± SD) of total white blood cell count in the malaria infected group was 5.9 (±2.4) and was significantly different (p = 0.039) from that of non-malaria infected (6.7[±1.9]) population. Red blood cells significantly (p = 0.001) decreased in malaria infected patients (3.7 [± 0.6]) as compared to non-malaria infections (4.2 (±1.0). The mean (± SD) of platelets counts in malaria infected group was significantly different from that of non-malaria infected pregnant women.

Conclusion: Pregnant women infected with malaria exhibited changes in haematological parameters with low platelets (thrombocytopenia) and Haemoglobin concentration being the most significant predictors of malaria in our study area. These parameters could improve malaria diagnosis when used in combination with other clinical diagnosis.
Early Breast Cancer Prediction using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Dutta Shawni , Bandyopadhyay Samir Kumar
Published: June 2020

In India, the death toll due to breast cancer is increasing at a rapid pace. Only early detection and diagnosis is the way of control but it is a major challenge in India due to lack of awareness and lethargy of Indian womentowards health care and regular check-up. But the major obstacle in India is expensive health care system and unavailability of proper infrastructure, especially in breast cancer treatment. This paper aims in obtaining an automated tool that will exploit patient’s health records and predict the tendency of being affected in breast cancer. Gradient Boost classifier is used as an automated tool that predicts the chance of being affected in breast cancer disease. Early detection of this disease will assist health care systems to provide counter measures in order to save patients’ life. The proposed model is evaluated against other peer classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN), Naïve bayes classifier, Adaboost classifier, Decision Tree (DT) classifier, and Random Forest (RF) Classifier. The proposed method achieves encouraging result with an accuracy of 97.34%, F1-Score of 0.97 Cohen-Kappa Score of 0.94 and MSE of 0.0266. The Gradient Boost algorithm attains the lowest error rate along with highest efficiency which might be the best choice of algorithm for this problem and prediction of disease.
Dearomatization‐Enabled Visible‐Light‐Induced 1,2‐Alkylsulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sodium Sulfinates and Pyridinium Salts
Authors: Yang Yuan , Xu Chong‐Hui , Teng Fan , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate a three‐component 1,2‐alkylsulfonylation of alkenes using sodium sulfinates and pyridinium salts through visible light photoredox catalysis, wherein heteroarenium salts are harnessed as radical acceptors via dearomatization. This reaction allows the simultaneous incorporation of sulfonyl and 1,4‐dihydropyridine groups across the C=C bonds to access various sulfonyl‐containing 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives with a broad substrate scope and represents a mechanistically distinct approach to achieve alkene difunctionalization through reductive single‐electron transfer.

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Recent Advances in Carbonylative Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Peng Jin‐Bao
Published: June 2020

The carbonylation reaction represents one of the most powerful methods for the rapid build‐up of carbonyl structures and has widely applied in both academic and industry fields. Carbonylative difunctionalization of alkenes, which installs a unique functional group and a carbonyl group across the C−C double bonds, offers a high potential strategy for the selective synthesis of β‐substituted carbonyl compounds. The carbonylative difunctionalization of alkenes involves the formation of three σ‐bonds and two stereocenters as well as a carbonyl group in a single transformation. Careful design of the substrate and control of reaction pathway would result unexpected advantages in constructing complex structures, which are ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals and functional materials. In this Review, the important advances and contributions in carbonylative difunctionalization of alkenes are summarized based on the different reaction types, with the wish to inspire future studies and promote further developments in this field.

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Gene therapies for transfusion dependent β‐thalassemia: Current status and critical criteria for success
Authors: Soni Sandeep
Published: June 2020

Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent monogenic diseases usually caused by quantitative defects in the production of β‐globin leading to severe anemia. Technological advances in genome sequencing, stem cell selection, viral vector development, transduction and gene editing strategies now allow for efficient ex‐vivo genetic manipulation of human stem cells that can lead to production of hemoglobin, leading to a meaningful clinical benefit in thalassemia patients. In this review, the status of the gene‐therapy approaches available for transfusion dependent thalassemia are discussed, along with the critical criteria that affect efficacy and lessons that have been learned from the early phase clinical trials. Salient steps necessary for the clinical development, manufacturing, and regulatory approvals of gene therapies for thalassemia are also highlighted, so that the potential of these therapies can be realized. It is highly anticipated that gene therapies will soon become a treatment option for patients lacking compatible donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplant and will offer an alternative for definitive treatment of β‐thalassemia.
Enhancing operational performance and productivity benefits in breweries through smart manufacturing technologies
Authors: Nimbalkar Sachin , Supekar Sarang D. , Meadows Will , Wenning Thomas , Guo Wei , Cresko Joseph
Published: June 2020

This article uses case studies to demonstrate the potential of smart manufacturing (SM) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance operational performance and productivity in industry. The analysis highlights benefits such as cost reduction, production flexibility, shorter product time‐to‐market, energy/water efficiency and environmental impact reduction, and increased productivity. To illustrate the effectiveness of SM and IoT approaches, the authors sought out manufacturers currently implementing or seeking to implement SM and IoT technologies. The authors identified beer brewing (NAICS Code 312120) as a rapidly expanding industry whose members appear eager to implement SM technologies to optimize production lines by revealing bottlenecks and identifying performance‐reducing nodes. This article presents two case studies based on SM and IoT technologies in breweries. It briefly describes a systematic framework introduced elsewhere by the authors and uses it to assess the energy productivity and competitiveness of SM applications in breweries. This article addresses questions concerning the information and communications technology infrastructure needed to build smart breweries and how corporations simplify the installation and deployment of SM and IoT components. This article was originally published in the Proceedings of the 2019 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry.
High‐Activity Organocatalysts for Polyether Synthesis via Intramolecular Ammonium Cation Assisted SN2 Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Yang Guan‐Wen , Zhang Yao‐Yao , Xie Rui , Wu Guang‐Peng
Published: June 2020

This manuscript describes a kind of bifunctional organocatalyst with unprecedented reactivity for the synthesis of polyethers via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxides under mild conditions. The bifunctional catalyst incorporates two 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane centers on the two ends as Lewis acidic sites for epoxide activation and a quaternary ammonium halide in the middle as the initiating site. The catalyst could be easily prepared in two steps from commercially available stocks on up to kilogram scale with ≈100 % yield. The organoboron catalyst mediated ROP of epoxides displays living behavior with low catalyst loading (5 ppm) and enables the synthesis of polyethers with molecular weights of over a million grams per mole (>106 g mol−1). Based on the investigations on crystal structure of catalyst, MALDI‐TOF, and 11B NMR spectroscopy, an intramolecular ammonium cation assisted SN2 mechanism is proposed and verified by DFT calculations.
Hypoxia‐Induced Pro‐Protein Therapy Assisted by a Self‐Catalyzed Nanozymogen
Authors: Li Xudong , Wei Yuansong , Wu Yuchen , Yin Lichen
Published: June 2020

The success of intracellular protein therapy demands efficient delivery and selective protein activity in diseased cells. Therefore, a cascaded nanozymogen consisting of a hypoxia‐activatable pro‐protein, a hypoxia‐inducing protein, and a hypoxia‐strengthened intracellular protein delivery nanovehicle was developed. RPAB, an enzymatically inactive pro‐protein of RNase, reversibly caged with hypoxia‐cleavable azobenzene, was delivered with glucose oxidase (GOx) using hypoxia‐responsive nanocomplexes (NCs) consisting of azobenzene‐cross‐linked oligoethylenimine (AOEI) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Upon NC‐mediated delivery into cancer cells, GOx catalyzed glucose decomposition and aggravated tumoral hypoxia, which drove the recovery of RPAB back to the hydrolytically active RNase and expedited the degradation of AOEI to release more protein cargoes. Thus, the catalytic reaction of the nanozymogen was self‐accelerated and self‐cycled, ultimately leading to a cooperative anti‐cancer effect between GOx‐mediated starvation therapy and RNase‐mediated pro‐apoptotic therapy.