bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Parents' Socioeconomic Status on the Learning Outcomes of Grade XI Students of State Preparatory Madrasah Aliyah 4
Authors: Armyliyanda Nadia , Fauza Hendri , Perkasa Ripho Delzy
Published: February 2025

This study aims to describe and analyze the extent to which the influence of the socio-economic status of parents on the learning outcomes of class students. The research method uses quantitative research with a descriptive correlative approach implemented at Madrasah Aliyah Persiapan Negeri 4 Medan. The population in this study were all students of class XI with a sample of 168 students. The data analysis technique in this study used a prerequisite test consisting of a normality test, a homogeneity test, a linearity test, and a multicollinearity test. Then continued with a hypothesis test consisting of a partial test (t test), a simultaneous test (F), multiple linear regression analysis, a determination coefficient test (R2) and a correlation coefficient test. The results showed that in the education level coefficient, the Tcount value <Ttable is 0.804 <1.97462, so H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. This means that there is no influence of the level of parental education on student learning outcomes. In the income level coefficient, the Tcount value> Ttable is 2.348 <1.97462, so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. This means that there is an influence of parental income level on student learning outcomes. While in the work coefficient, the Tcount value <Ttable is -1.616 <1.97462, so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. This means that there is no influence of parental work on student learning outcomes. Then the probability value of significance (sig) <0.05 is obtained, namely 0.044 <0.05 and the Fcount value> Ftable is 2.762> 2.66, so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it is obtained that there is an influence of parental socio-economic status on learning outcomes which can be shown from the value of the determinant coefficient (R square) of 0.048, meaning that the influence of the socio-economic status variable on learning outcomes is 0.048 or 4.8%. While the correlation value (R) is 0.220 or 22% which indicates a low level of relationship. From the above understanding, it can be concluded that there is an influence of parental socio-economic status on student learning outcomes (Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected).
The Influence of the Role of Musyrifah and Fiqh Teachers on the Discipline of Fardhu Prayers Among Santri at MTs Nahdlatul Muslimat Surakarta Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Ibrahim Rifdah Arifah , Sarjono Joko , Mukhlisah Iffah
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran musyrifah terhadap kedisiplinan sholat fardhu santri, 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran guru fiqih terhadap kedisiplinan sholat fardhu santri 3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh peran musyrifah dan guru fiqih terhadap kedisiplinan sholat fardhu santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian korelasional pendekatan kuantitatif. Dan metode pengumpulan data dengan menyebarkan angket atau kuesioner. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan statistik dengan bantuan aplikasi spss versi 27, setelah data terkumpul langkah selanjutnya adalah menganalisis data dengan beberapa tahap yaitu tahap analisis pendahuluan, tahap analisis deskriptif, tahap analisis tahap lanjutan, uji prasyarat dan uji hipotesis.Untuk menguji keabsahan data dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : 1). Tidak ada pengaruh peran musyrifah terhadap kedisiplinan sholat fardhu santri karena hasil uji t -0,360 < t tabel 2,026 . 2). Terdapat pengaruh peran guru fiqih terhadap kedisiplinan sholat fardhu dimana hasil uji t 6,944 > t tabel 2,026. 3) Terdapat pengaruh peran musyrifah dan guru fiqih terhadap kedisiplinan sholat fardhu santri dimana hasil uji f 34,884 > f tabel 3,251.
The Impact of Folklore-Based Elaboration Learning on Elementary Students' Critical Literacy Skills
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Asbar Asbar , Sitonda Syawal , Elihami Elihami
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an elaboration-based storytelling approach in improving critical literacy skills among elementary students at SDN 13 Curio. The intervention involved storytelling sessions that used culturally relevant folklore, combined with elaborative questioning techniques to foster deeper understanding. The sample consisted of 30 students, with pretest and post-test measures used to evaluate changes in literacy skills, supported by qualitative observations of student engagement.The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-test scores compared to pretest results, indicating the success of the storytelling-based intervention. A paired sample t-test confirmed that the observed gains were statistically significant (t = 9.45, p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.840, p < 0.01) was found between participation levels and literacy skill improvement, emphasizing the importance of active engagement in the learning process. Qualitative observations also showed high levels of participation, with students responding enthusiastically to culturally relevant materials.In conclusion, the elaboration-based storytelling model effectively enhanced critical literacy by fostering engagement and a deeper understanding of narrative content. This approach contributes valuable insights into educational methods for developing critical thinking skills in elementary students. Future research should explore the long-term impact of this intervention and its applicability across diverse educational settings to establish broader generalizability and sustainability.
Human Resource Empowerment at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Kota Jambi
Authors: Maisah Maisah , Husin Husin , Fadlilah Fadlilah
Published: February 2025

This research explores the human resource empowerment strategy at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 3 Kota Jambi, focusing on the efforts made to enhance the competencies of teachers and staff through training and professional development programs. The study reveals that the leadership at MAN 3 Kota Jambi has adopted a holistic approach to human resource empowerment, incorporating workshops, seminars, and skill-building activities to improve teaching quality. Additionally, the creation of a collaborative and supportive work environment and the recognition of teachers' performance are key components of the strategy. Despite challenges such as limited resources, varying skill levels among teachers, resistance to change, and time constraints, the empowerment efforts have led to significant improvements in educational quality. The research highlights the positive impact of these efforts on student learning outcomes, teacher motivation, and the overall reputation of the madrasah. However, overcoming existing challenges is essential for achieving long-term success in human resource development at the institution
Enhancing Students' Learning Motivation Through Wordwall as an Interactive Learning Tool in Class XII.G at SMAN 1 Pinrang
Authors: Aulia Suhardi Fadhilah , Tang Jusman , . Sam Hermansyah , Putri Selviana , Safridah Safridah , Azis Nova , Syahrir Haikal
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the effectiveness of Wordwall, an interactive learning tool, in enhancing students' learning motivation in Class XII.G at SMAN 1 Pinrang. The research was conducted using a classroom action research (CAR) methodology, consisting of two cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, classroom observations, and student questionnaires to assess the impact of Wordwall on students' motivation and academic performance. The results showed a significant improvement in student engagement, participation, and motivation, with students actively involved in learning activities and showing greater enthusiasm in the classroom. The use of Wordwall increased students' intrinsic motivation by providing an enjoyable and dynamic learning environment. These findings suggest that integrating interactive learning tools like Wordwall can foster a more engaging classroom atmosphere and improve learning outcomes.
Management Analysis of Leadership and Entrepreneurship Programs In Character Formation
Authors: Fitriyana Risna
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data dan dokumen mengenai perencanaan, pelaksanaan, serta penilaian program leadership dan entrepreneurship dalam pembentukkan karakter siswa di Sekolah Alam Al-Fath Jambi. Sedangkan manfaat yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pihak Sekolah Alam Al-Fath Jambi mendapatkan bahan masukan dalam memperbaiki program pendidikan leadership dan enterpreneurship bagi siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober di  Sekolah Alam Al-Fath Jambi yang beralamat di Jalan Donorejo No. 8 Kelurahan Pasir Putih, kecamatan Jambi Selatan, Kota Jambi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung. Dengan hasil penelitian ini di dapatkan bahwa pelaksanaan program Leadership dan Entrepreneurship diintegrasikan dengan metode pembelajaran melalui pengalaman, seperti kegiatan outbond yang menjadi wadah pengembangan karakter melalui pengalaman langsung. Keseluruhan, program ini tidak hanya memberikan keterampilan kepemimpinan dan kewirausahaan, tetapi juga membentuk karakter positif siswa sesuai dengan nilai-nilai akhlakul karimah.
The Effectiveness of Positive Reinforcement Techniques in Improving the Social Behavior of Blind Children
Authors: Rulmayeni Putri , Marlina Marlina
Published: February 2025

Visually impaired children generally have problems in social behavior, one of which is being very closed and quiet in the school environment. Based on the results of the assessment carried out, 2 visually impaired children were found in inclusive schools who had low social behavior. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of positive reinforcement techniques in improving the social behavior of visually impaired children. The variables in this study are positive reinforcement techniques and social behavior of visually impaired children. This study uses a type of quantitative research through the Single Subject Research (SSR) approach. The research design used in this study is a multiple baseline cross subjects design. The research subjects were 2 visually impaired children in class XI at SMK Negeri 7 Padang. Data is collected through observation and tests. The data collection tool in this study is in the form of a social behavior assessment instrument. The data was analyzed using visual graphs consisting of in-condition analysis and inter-condition analysis. The results of the study showed an increase in social behavior in blind children in inclusion schools. This study uses positive reinforcement techniques in improving effective social behavior to be applied to blind children in inclusion schools.
Proof of the infinity of twin primes.
Authors: Gumpert Valery
Published: February 2025

The article considers the infinity of the number of twin primes.
«GREEN ARCHITECTURE» AND INNOVATION: A NEW FORMAT FOR SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
Authors:   State Biotechnology University, Maslennikova Viktoriia
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the study of ‘green architecture’ as a new format of architecture development, the future of sustainable design, its key principles that contribute to the harmonious combination of natural and artificial environments on the examples of modern trends in the design and construction of ‘green architecture’ objects, taking into account modern innovations. ‘Green architecture seeks to create environmentally friendly buildings that minimise energy and water consumption while maximising the use of renewable resources and recyclable materials. In recent years, ‘green architecture’, also known as sustainable architecture, has become an object of interest among architects, designers and investors alike. This trend is a consequence of the growing awareness of climate change and the need to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry. The environmental problem has become relevant in all spheres of human life today. Humanity has become concerned about the preservation of natural resources and environmental issues. There is a need to find new ways to solve these problems. The purpose of the paper is to study green architecture, its key principles that contribute to the harmonious combination of natural and artificial environments. The main aspects of greening buildings, such as green facades and green roofs, are considered. Their benefits are discussed, such as improved air quality, reduced cooling and heating loads, and noise reduction both in the urban environment outside the building and in the environment of living, working or relaxing inside the building. ‘Green architecture is a constantly evolving field that offers innovative solutions to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry. These buildings not only set a new standard in construction, but also serve as inspiration for future sustainable architecture projects. The development of new materials and technologies continues to improve efficiency and reduce costs, making sustainable architecture an increasingly attractive option for construction projects around the world. Keywords: ‘green architecture’, environmental problem, vertical gardening, ‘green building, innovation, sustainable design.
Unraveling the immune system’s role in peripheral nerve regeneration: a pathway to enhanced healing
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Yanxian , Chen Yuqing , Ji Yuxiang , Lyu Yongmei , Miao Zengli , Duan Xuchu , Liu Xiaoyu
Published: February 2025

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a common challenge in clinical practice. In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in mature mammals possesses a limited regenerative capacity. Upon the occurrence of PNI, peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) is initiated, facilitated by the activation of the immune microenvironment and the intrinsic growth potential of neurons. This regenerative process encompasses several key stages, including distal axon degeneration, myelin breakdown, clearance of myelin debris, inflammatory responses from non-neuronal cells, and subsequent axonal regeneration. The immune response, recognized for its role in clearing myelin debris and modulating the local inflammatory milieu, is crucial for initiating axonal regeneration at the proximal stump of nerves. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which the immune response influences PNI and the strategies to harness this process to augment regeneration remain elusive. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse roles and mechanisms of the immune system in PNR and presents insights into potential therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the article examines immune-associated signaling pathways and their impact on PNR, underscoring the significance of immune modulation in enhancing patient outcomes with PNI. Ultimately, it encapsulates and forecasts the theoretical and practical directions of this field.
Turbulence and mixing variability in a microtidal estuary subject to mixed semidiurnal tidal cycles
Authors: Tiede Jan , Cossu Remo , Visscher Jan , Grinham Alistair , Schlurmann Torsten
Published: February 2025

Reynolds stresses and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) are instrumental in quantifying the turbulent dynamics that govern mixing and momentum transport in estuaries, factors crucial for understanding and managing estuarine circulation, water quality, and sediment transport. Employing Acoustic Doppler Current profilers, this study investigated hydrodynamics and turbulence in the Brisbane River, Australia. Measurements were conducted at two locations, covering the mouth and middle reach of the estuary. Of particular interest were flow reversals during flood flows, adding complexity to the turbulent dynamics. Reynolds stresses at site I were primarily generated by bed shear, while site II showed more complex stresses due to density differences and lateral circulations. At the river mouth, the mixed semidiurnal tidal regime led to a highly variable turbulent regime, with subsequent flood and ebb events exhibiting markedly different characteristics.
Antarctic krill habitat suitability variation in the Southern Ocean over 20 years
Authors: Tan Yiyang , Bai Yan
Published: February 2025

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species that sustains the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean and is a protected and restricted fishing target in this region. Considering the significant impacts of climate change on the ecological environment of the Southern Ocean, it is critical to understand the long-term spatio-temporal habitat distribution of Antarctic krill. This study integrates remote sensing and reanalysis data with Antarctic krill survey records to evaluate krill habitat suitability in the Southern Ocean. A novel habitat suitability model was developed using phytoplankton phenology and sea ice dynamics as key timing parameters, employing the Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) algorithm. This is the first time interannual variation in krill habitat distribution, spanning over 20 years (1997–2019), has been analyzed in relation to environmental parameters. Results show that the ice-free period in the Amundsen Sea has extended annually, while phytoplankton blooms have occurred earlier, lasted longer, and exhibited increasing chlorophyll a concentration (CHL), particularly in coastal regions. Additionally, the CatBoost model outperformed traditional species distribution models (SDMs) in handling large-scale presence-absence data (GCV = 0.16), demonstrating that bloom peak CHL and sea ice retreat timing are more effective indicators of krill habitat suitability than single-time environmental parameters. Based on long-term changes in highly suitable habitat areas for Antarctic krill and synchronized trends with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index, the overall area of suitable habitat for Antarctic krill in the Prydz sector has declined, likely linked to surface cooling caused by climate change. In contrast, the coastal region of the Atlantic sector, particularly the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a rapid warming area, has experienced an increase in krill habitat suitability. However, habitat suitability in the Weddell Sea has shown a marked decrease. Although climate change has produced mixed effects on krill habitats due to the varying responses of krill different life stages to environmental parameters, this study overall highlights a degradation of krill habitat in the Southern Ocean over the past two decades. These findings provide new insights into Antarctic krill habitat modeling and offer a long-term perspective on the climate change impacts, emphasizing the need for future under-ice investigations.
Land use change projection and driving factors exploration in Hainan Island based on the PLUS model
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Hou Yaoqi , Li Fangyi , Zheng Binbin , Chen Zeheng , Zheng Fa , Zhang Xiaohai , Yu Rui
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Land resources play a vital role in national economic and social development. Hainan Province faces the challenge of balancing land use with conservation while striving to develop a high-quality free trade port. This study aims to analyze land use changes and their driving factors to support sustainable land use policies.

Methods

This study utilised the GlobeLand30 dataset, along with data on temperature, precipitation, the digital elevation model (DEM), slope, soil, gross domestic product (GDP), and population, to apply the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model. This model was used to analyse land use changes on Hainan Island from 2000 to 2020, to investigate the relationship between land use change and its driving factors.

Results

(1) During 2000~2020, forests and cultivated land were the predominant land use type, while wetlands and artificial surfaces increased by two times, and bare land remained stable; (2) Temperature significantly influenced cultivated land, forests, and grasslands, while GDP and population growth impacted water bodies and artificial surfaces; (3) The predicted land use map for 2020 achieved high accuracy (Kappa = 0.85); (4) By 2040, forests and cultivated land are expected to remain dominant, with grasslands and artificial surfaces decreasing, while wetlands and bare land are projected to increase.

Discussion

The study highlights the complex interactions between land use and its driving factors in Hainan. The findings provide valuable insights for sustainable land use policy development, balancing economic growth with ecological conservation in the region.
Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and copper on gill tissue structure, metabolism, and immune function of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Authors: Xu Jian , Feng Guangpeng , Yan Yunzhi
Published: February 2025

Nanoplastics (NPs) and copper (Cu) are increasingly released into aquatic environments, posing significant risks to aquatic organisms, including crabs. As the primary interface between the organism and the surrounding environment, gills are particularly susceptible to the impacts of NPs and Cu exposure. Investigating the toxicity of these pollutants, especially their combined effects, is crucial for assessing their environmental risks. This study evaluated the toxicity of NPs (0.4 mg/L), Cu²+ (0.1 mg/L), and the combination (NPs + Cu²+) on the gill tissues of Eriocheir sinensis, focusing on tissue morphology, metabolism, and immune functions. The results demonstrated that exposure to NPs, Cu²+ and NPs + Cu²+ caused structural damage to gill tissues and significantly elevated antioxidant parameters such as GSH-Px activity and GSH content, as well as immune parameters including ACP and AKP activity. Compared with the single exposure group, energy metabolism-related genes (TAT, TPI, HK) were down-regulated in the combined exposure group. Pathways associated with glutathione metabolism and cytochrome P450 were notably affected, and the combined exposure suppressed the expression of immune-related genes such as CYP450, GST, and UGT. In summary, we found an enhanced toxicological impact of NPs when combined with Cu2+. Thus, this study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms of NPs and Cu²+ in aquatic organisms, highlighting their ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
Contingency learning of social cues: neural engagement and emotional modulation by facial expressions
Authors: Saylik Rahmi , Uysal Burcu , Williams Adrian Loyd , Murphy Robin A.
Published: February 2025

Contingency learning—the fundamental process by which associations are formed between events in our experience is as relevant of conditioning as it is for social interactions, where emotional cues, such as facial expressions, signal complex and reciprocal causal dynamics. This study investigates the functional neuroanatomy underlying contingency perception by with three type of contingent relation (positive, zero, and negative) using sad and happy facial expressions as stimuli in a group of neurotypical participants. Employing a streaming trial paradigm and functional MRI, we examined how these emotional contingencies engage brain regions involved in attention and predictive processing. The behavioural results indicated that participants could distinguish between different contingencies, regardless of the emotional stimuli. However, judgment ratings varied across conditions, with sad expressions eliciting weaker ratings compared to happy expressions, which moderated perceived causality, especially in the uncorrelated and negative contingency tasks. These behavioural findings were primarily linked to increased activation in frontal regions, including the inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. The results highlight the differential cognitive demands and neural responses evoked by emotional expressions and suggestive of the idea that statistical relations that violate social expectations are processed differently than positive relations.
Mast cell - tumor cell interaction related gene and microRNA expression profiles in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khromov Tatjana , Sitte Maren , Salinas Gabriela , Schminke Boris , Fischer Andreas , Schliephake Henning , Brockmeyer Phillipp
Published: February 2025

Backround

Mast cells (MCs) play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), significantly impacting patient prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of MCs and OSCC cells following co-culture, providing valuable insights into the molecular background of their functional interactions.

Methods

The human OSCC cell line PCI-13 and the human MC cell line LUVA were initially cultured separately under identical experimental conditions and subsequently co-cultured for 48-72h. Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and sequencing of differentially expressed miRNAs were performed and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Additionally, key genes and miRNAs identified in OSCC were assessed for their prognostic relevance in head and neck tumors using freely available online databases.

Results

The analyses revealed distinct DEG profiles between OSCC cells and MCs under monoculture and co-culture conditions. Notable findings include DEGs involved in chemokine signaling - particularly the CCL2/CCR2 axis - TGF-β signaling, toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and key intracellular pathways such as PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, Ras/Raf/MAPK, and IP3 in both cell types. Additionally, specific miRNAs, including miR-142, miR-146a, and miR-223 in tumor cells, as well as miR-381 and miR-379 in MCs, exhibited significant differential expression, highlighting their potential involvement in regulating MC-OSCC interaction. Notably, the expression levels of CCR2, along with miR-142, miR-146a, and miR-223, were identified as prognostically relevant in patients suffering from head and neck tumor.

Conclusions

The data highlight the complex and dynamic interplay between MCs and OSCC, driven by key signaling pathways and miRNA regulation. These findings provide a foundation for future functional studies and the possible development of targeted therapies aimed at modulating MC-OSCC interaction within the TME.
Combining clinical characteristics with CT radiomics to predict Ki67 expression level of small renal mass based on artificial intelligence algorithms
Authors: Lin Junyi , Ou Yongyi , Luo Mingli , Jiang Xuxuan , Cen Shengren , Zeng Guohua
Published: February 2025

Background

Most small renal masses (SRMs) grow slowly and have good prognosis, but a portion of SRMs can also demonstrate aggressive characteristics, which can be explored by the proliferation-related marker Ki67.

Methods

A total of 241 patients collected from the two centers were included in the study, of which 145 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were divided into training and validation cohort, while 96 patients from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were served as test cohort. To ensure the class balance of the outcome measures, the training cohort was oversampled, resulting in an increase of 77 cases in the minority class. After variables processing and feature selecting, optimal artificial intelligence-based model was constructed to predict the Ki67 expression level, and the model performance, interpretation and application development was performed.

Results

The baseline characteristics of enrolled patients were described, and no statistically significant differences were found between two centers and cohorts, both before and after oversampling. The optimal model, regularized random forest, was constructed showing AUROC values of 0.802, 0.878, and 0.668, and balanced accuracy of 0.744, 0.808, and 0.679 in the oversampling training, validation, and test cohort, respectively. Model interpretation was performed, and a web application was built.

Conclusions

An artificial intelligence-based predictive model for non-invasively assessing the Ki67 expression level of SRMs was developed, thus providing valuable reference for clinical decision-making in these patients.
Prognostic significance and immune microenvironment infiltration patterns of hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Libin , Liang Yizhi , Xu Wenji
Published: February 2025

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant neoplasm within the digestive system, accounting for approximately 740,000 deaths globally each year, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and survival rates. The objective of this investigation was to elucidate the expression patterns of Hypoxia and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-related Differentially Expressed Genes (HERSRDEGs) in GC and their association with prognostic outcomes of the patients.

Methods

Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, GC datasets were retrieved, and standard normalization was performed. Differential expression analysis was conducted using DESeq2, while somatic mutations and copy number variations were examined using maftools and GISTIC2.0. Spearman's correlation assessed the interplay between HERSRDEGs across datasets. Functional enrichment analyses were carried out using clusterProfiler for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, alongside Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). A prognostic risk model was obtained by utilizing univariate Cox regression analysis with a survival R package. We employed RT-qPCR to validate the mRNA expression levels of five model genes that impact the prognostic risk of gastric cancer in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues.

Results

The acquired data revealed 19 HERSRDEGs including ANGPT2, CXCL8, and AURKA exhibiting significant variation in expression between GC and controls. In the Cox regression analysis, a total of five genes—ANGPT2, CD36, EGR1, NOX4, TLR2—emerged as statistically significant, correlating strongly with overall survival. A LASSO regression model featuring ANGPT2, CD36, and NOX4 yielded a risk score formula capable of predicting patient outcomes. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis highlighted RiskScore, age and stage as significant survival predictors. The analysis of immune infiltration revealed notable differences in the populations of immune cells, such as Natural Killer cells and T-helper cells, when comparing high-risk and low-risk groups.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this investigation elucidates the involvement of HERSRDEGs in GC progression and their potential as prognostic biomarkers.
Case Report: Damaged external limb of montgomery T-tube in a child: a rare complication
Authors: Wang Ting , Wu Wenjie , Chen Xing , Liu Ling , Yin Huaxu , Xue Bing , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2025

Montgomery T-tubes (MT) are well tolerated with rare complications. Here, we report an unusual complication of damaged external limb of the MT in a child. Both physicians and patients should be aware of this possible complication, which can lead to potential fracture of the MT, resulting in unusual airway problems requiring emergency management.
Integrating AI detection and language models for real-time pest management in Tomato cultivation
Authors: Şahin Yavuz Selim , Gençer Nimet Sema , Şahin Hasan
Published: February 2025

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation is crucial globally due to its nutritional and economic value. However, the crop faces significant threats from various pests, including Tuta absoluta, Helicoverpa armigera, and Leptinotarsa decemlineata, among others. These pests not only reduce yield but also increase production costs due to the heavy reliance on pesticides. Traditional pest detection methods are labor-intensive and prone to errors, necessitating the exploration of advanced techniques. This study aims to enhance pest detection in tomato cultivation using AI-based detection and language models. Specifically, it integrates YOLOv8 for detection and segmentation tasks and ChatGPT-4 for generating detailed, actionable insights on the detected pests. YOLOv8 was chosen for its superior performance in agricultural pest detection, capable of processing large volumes of data in real-time with high accuracy. The methodology involved training the YOLOv8 model with images of various pests and plant damage. The model achieved a precision of 98.91%, recall of 98.98%, mAP50 of 98.75%, and mAP50-95 of 97.72% for detection tasks. For segmentation tasks, precision was 97.47%, recall 98.81%, mAP50 99.38%, and mAP50-95 95.99%. These metrics demonstrate significant improvements over traditional methods, indicating the model’s effectiveness. The integration of ChatGPT-4 further enhances the system by providing detailed explanations and recommendations based on detected pests. This approach facilitates real-time expert consultation, making pest management accessible to untrained producers, especially in remote areas. The study’s results underscore the potential of combining AI-based detection and language models to revolutionize agricultural practices. Future research should focus on training these models with domain-specific data to improve accuracy and reliability. Additionally, addressing the computational limitations of personal devices will be crucial for broader adoption. This integration promises to democratize information access, promoting a more resilient, informed, and environmentally conscious approach to farming.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on protein accumulation in basal-middle and apical kernels of different low nitrogen tolerant maize hybrids
Authors: Yin Pi-Jiang , Wang Xing-Long , Wu Ya-Wei , Liu Fan , Tao Ye , Liu Qin-Lin , Lan Tian-Qiong , Feng Dong-Ju , Kong Fan-Lei , Yuan Ji-Chao
Published: February 2025

Selecting low-nitrogen(N)-tolerant maize hybrids represent an effective approach to enhancing nitrogen use efficiency grain yield. However, the impact of nitrogen fertilization on protein accumulation in low-N-tolerant hybrids remain insufficiently explored. In this paper, a two-year field orientation trial was conducted at four nitrogen fertilizer rate with the different low-N-tolerant maize hybrids. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the accumulation of protein and its fractions different kernels positions of different low-N-tolerant maize hybrids was studied. The results showed that the protein yield of ZH311 maize kernels was significantly higher than that of XY508, especially under low-N conditions (0N and 150N), and was 25.7%-36.2% higher than that of XY508. There was a significant correlation between protein yield and the accumulation of crude protein and protein fractions. Compared with XY508, the crude protein of ZH311 entered the rapid growth stage later and lasted for a relatively shorter period, but it was 50.8%-53.0% higher due to its higher accumulation rates (v2 and v3) in its middle and late stages, especially in the apical grains. Under low-N conditions, the difference in crude protein accumulation between the apical and basal-middle kernels of ZH311 was only 4.3-8.2%, whereas the difference in XY508 was 29.9-37.3%, suggesting that low-N-tolerant maize hybrids improve protein yield by increasing the accumulation of proteins and their fractions in the apical kernels. Nitrogen fertilization had a greater effect on protein accumulation and yield in XY508, especially on the top kernel and protein yield. In the future, more attention should be paid to the effect of apical kernels when breeding high-quality maize hybrids tolerant to low nitrogen.
The effect of crisis on demography and employment in CEE countries
Authors: Lukács Gellérné Éva , Mészáros Árpád József , Pári András
Published: February 2025

Europe faces the most challenging long-term demographic forecasts globally. Over the centuries, demographers have conducted extensive studies to uncover the drivers behind population trends, relying on theories such as demographic transitions and economic models. Europe is currently experiencing a pronounced migration trend coupled with declining birth rates and total fertility rates. Crises usually generate negative effects, as demonstrated by the greater than average decrease in birth rates and employment rates during the COVID period in Europe. Declining population trends have, and will continue to have, adverse effects on the labor market. To mitigate these detrimental impacts, the EU adopted important measures since 2009. Although the decline in the employment rate recovered quickly in the EU, demographic trends have not. In 2022, the European Commission also shifted its focus and introduced several initiatives aimed at improving demographic outcomes at EU level. Moreover, demography has emerged as an independent policy area, recognized as a key element of the triple transition and competitiveness. By contrast, Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries implemented active demographic policies much earlier, particularly after the 2008 economic crisis with registered success. However, in relative terms, crises have had a more significant impact on both demographics and the labor market in the CEE region. Labor market flexibility in the region does not sufficiently support demographic policies. This paper examines these trends and argues that a combined approach of enhancing labor market flexibility and supporting families is essential for alleviating the adverse demographic trends affecting Europe. It further argues that for CEE countries, due to their increased vulnerability, it is crucial to continue prioritizing demographic measures that support families and strengthen the labor market.
Development of a nomogram model for predicting dementia risk in the older adult population of Weifang, Shandong Province, China: based on the biopsychosocial model
Authors: Geng Pengxin , Feng Wenjia , Cai Weiqin , An Hongqing , Ma Anning
Published: February 2025

Background

Dementia has emerged as a predominant health challenge. However, there is a notable research gap in the collective screening of dementia risks. Hence, there is a pressing need to formulate a dementia prediction tool tailored to the older adult demographic, enabling the identification of high-risk individuals for dementia.

Methods

From May to October 2023, a multi-stage sampling method was utilized to survey older adult individuals aged 60 and above in Weifang. This study employed the Brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (BCSI-D) for the identification of individuals with dementia. We integrated the biopsychosocial model to construct a comprehensive pool of factors influencing dementia. Employing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate logistic regression analyses, independent influencing factors were identified to construct a nomogram prediction model.

Results

Six hundred and sixty valid questionnaires were included in the final analysis, with a validity rate of 95.23%. We identified 178 cases of dementia using the BCSI-D. Napping, lack of concentration, self-assessed health status, education level, residence, social interaction and medical insurance were independent influencing factors for dementia. The efficiency analysis of the prediction model, constructed using these factors, demonstrated area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.751 for the training set and 0.794 for the test set. The decision curve analysis threshold probabilities for the training and test sets were 5–60% and 1–60%, respectively. The calibration curves of both datasets exhibited a high degree of fitting with the predicted curve.

Conclusion

We developed a dementia risk identification model with noteworthy predictive performance. The proposed model offers theoretical and data support for collective dementia screening.
How Can Plants Harm Your Skin?
Authors: Wang Yu , Richmond Jillian M.
Published: February 2025

Have you ever gotten a rash after playing outside? Certain plant-based substances can irritate your skin. In the U.S., poison ivy is the most common cause of these rashes. Recognizing these plants can help you prevent rashes while enjoying the outdoors. Symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, and blisters, usually appearing 24–48 h after touching the plants. The rash can last up to 3 weeks. This article will help you learn how to identify plants that can irritate the skin and explain how skin inflammation happens. Treatment involves washing the skin, avoiding scratching to prevent infection, and using creams to alleviate symptoms. Prevention strategies include wearing protective clothing and using creams that block poison. Other plant-related skin issues can arise from thorns, other itch-inducing substances, and reactions to sunlight after contact with certain plants. Proper identification of harmful plants and taking precautions can ensure a safe outdoor experience.
Indications and Long-Term Outcomes of Using Mycophenolate Mofetil Monotherapy in Substitution for Calcineurin Inhibitors in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Jiménez-Romero Carlos , Justo Alonso Iago , Caso Maestro Oscar , Manrique Municio Alejandro , García-Sesma Álvaro , Calvo Pulido Jorge , Cambra Molero Félix , Loinaz Segurola Carmelo , Martín-Arriscado Cristina , Nutu Anisa , Marcacuzco Quinto Alberto
Published: February 2025

Switching the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), as basal immunosuppression in liver transplantation (LT) patients, for that of mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy (MMF-MT) is currently considered a good measure in recipients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other CNI-related adverse effects. We analyzed a retrospective cohort series of 324 LT patients who underwent long-term follow-up and were switched from CNI immunosuppression to MMF-MT due to CKD and other CNI-related adverse effects (diabetes, hypertension, infection). The median time on MMF-MT was 78 months. The indication for MMF-MT was CKD alone or associated with CNI-related adverse effects in 215 patients, diabetes in 61, hypertension in 42, and recurrent cholangitis in 6. Twenty-four (7.4%) patients developed non-resistant acute rejection post-MMF-MT, and 48 (14.8%) patients experienced MMF-related adverse effects, with MMF-MT withdrawn in only 8 (2.5%) patients. In the comparison between the pre-MMF-MT period and the last outpatient review, using a repeated measures model and taking each patient as its own comparator, we demonstrated a significant increase in GFR and significant decrease in creatinine and ALT values, remaining the other variables (diabetes, hypertension, and hematological and AST) within similar levels. Five-year survival post-MMF-MT conversion was 75.3%. MMF-MT significantly improved renal function, was well tolerated, and had a low rejection rate.
Asymmetric Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Spacecraft Approaching Maneuver Under Unknown Disturbance
Authors: Shao Shibo , Zhou Dong , Sun Guanghui , Ma Weizhao , Deng Runran
Published: February 2025

Spacecraft approaching maneuver control normally uses traditional control methods such as Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) or Model Predictive Control (MPC), which require meticulous system design and lack robustness against unknown disturbances. To address these limitations, we propose an end-to-end asymmetric Deep Reinforcement Learning-based (DRL) spacecraft approaching maneuver (ADSAM) algorithm, which significantly enhances the robutsness of the space-approaching maneuver under large-scale unknown disturbance and Partial Observation Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). We present a numerical simulation environment with the linear Clohessy–Wiltshire (CW) model, incorporating the Runge–Kutta 4th order method (RK4) to ensure a more accurate and efficient state transition. Experimental results also demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm outperforms the-state-of-the-art methods.
Marketing Components and Their Role on Fair Trade in Coffee Agriculture: A Scoping Review
Authors: Maradiaga-López Juan , Vega-Muñoz Alejandro , Salazar-Sepúlveda Guido , Contreras-Barraza Nicolás
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the marketing environment and Fair Trade in the coffee industry, identifying its contribution to organizations and society. Quantitative studies were selected from databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, following a selection process aligned with the PRISMA methodological guidelines and establishing eligibility criteria for articles using the PICOS strategy. To understand the effects of macromarketing, strategic marketing, and operational marketing on the development of the Fair Trade coffee market, the results demonstrate that marketing plays a significant role in the market’s growth. Specifically, marketing is crucial in communicating the value of Fair Trade, raising consumer awareness, and supporting the economic well-being of coffee producers. Ethical consumption and branding strategies are essential for positioning Fair Trade coffee in competitive markets. However, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings and provide more up-to-date perspectives.
Integrating Statistical and Earth AgriData in Small Farming Systems for Food Security
Authors: Tsiligiridis Theodore , Ainali Katerina
Published: February 2025

The present work unveils the role of small farming plots (less than 5 ha) in the context of food security. It determines their contribution by estimating the spatial distribution (location), the crop types (diversity), the crop area extent (acreage), and the yield (production), factors that remain unclear, mainly because the official statistical offices rarely include them in surveys. The development introduces a novel RS-based approach that fulfills this gap. It provides stakeholders with the appropriate tools to accurately and timely acquire crop type map information and objectively quantify their crop production capabilities. Approaches based on the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) applied by many countries in Europe are proved useful in providing information on location, diversity, and acreage but not crop production per farm owner applying and eligible for receiving subsidies. The developed RS approach is implemented in twenty European NUTS-3 regions and one in Africa. Nevertheless, in this research, we focus on its development, testing, and evaluation in three pilot prefectures of Greece, producing the corresponding land cover maps. Notably, the unbiased crop area computation and the crop production estimates are performed only for the highly accurate key crop products (per crop type classification, FScore > 75%), considering that the key crop production estimations are obtained by combining the key crop areas with the field-level yields provided by the key informant surveys. The above choice ensures that the estimation of crop production will be derived only for the best-classified crops per reference region. The RS approach reduces the error propagation when estimating the area and production of the crop types that are classified with low or very low accuracy levels. These levels could reduce the strength of the overall conclusions about the main contributions of small farming plots. Potential changes occurring in the key crop cultivations of small farming plots are also estimated and mapped using the LPIS geodatabase. Under various environmental and territorial conditions, the results of the RS approach show good classification accuracies for several key crops per reference region. Their integration with the existing official statistical data and those derived from the LPIS geodatabase shows the consistency and significant contribution in estimating all the factors needed to determine the small farming plots. Finally, the applied innovative integrated approach can be expanded beyond the Greek case to cover other regions with various agricultural practices.