bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and metabolic remodelling in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Wagner Michael , Wuest Melinda , Lopez-Campistrous Ana , Glubrecht Darryl , Dufour Jennifer , Jans Hans-Soenke , Wuest Frank , McMullen Todd P W
Published: June 2020

Targeted therapy is increasingly used to manage metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. The focus of the present study was to examine glucose metabolism and tumor responses for thyroid cancer xenografts expressing the glycolytic pathway modulators platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and BRAFV600E. Radiolabelled glucose derivative [18F]FDG was used to analyze the effects of PDGFR blockade with imatinib, BRAF blockade with vemurafenib, as well as combined PDGFR and BRAF blockade in vitro and in vivo with PET. Dynamic PET data was correlated with immunohistochemistry staining and kinetic analysis for facilitative glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase-II (HK2). Vemurafenib decreased [18F]FDG uptake in BCPAP cells in vitro; however, it was increased by ~70% with imatinib application to BCPAP cells. This metabolic response to tyrosine kinase inhibition required BRAFV600E as it was not seen in cell lines lacking mutated BRAF (TPC1). In xenografts, imatinib therapy in BCPAP thyroid tumour-bearing mice significantly increased [18F]FDG uptake and retention (>30%) in BCPAP tumours with PDGFRβ or both (α+β) isoforms. Kinetic analysis revealed that the increased glucose uptake is a consequence of increased phosphorylation and intracellular trapping of [18F]FDG confirmed by an increase in HK2 protein expression and activity, but not GLUT1 activity. BRAF inhibition alone, or combined PDGFR and BRAF inhibition, reduced (~60%) [18F]FDG uptake in both types of BCPAP (β or α+β) tumours. In terms of tumour growth, combination therapy with imatinib and vemurafenib led to a near abolition of the tumors (~90% reduction), but single therapy for BCPAP with PDGFRα expression was much less effective. In summary, imatinib led to a paradoxical increase of [18F]FDG uptake in xenografts that was reversed through BRAFV600E inhibition. The present data show that metabolic reprogramming in thyroid cancer occurs as a consequence of BRAF-mediated upregulation of HK2 expression that may permit tumour growth with isolated blockade of upstream tyrosine kinase receptors.
EL INVENTARIO DE JOYAS DE LA INFANTA ISABEL DE BORBÓN Y BORBÓN REALIZADO CON MOTIVO DE SUS NUPCIAS
Authors: Lázaro Milla Nuria
Published: June 2020

Más que un ejemplo concreto, este inventario provee información acerca de tipos, motivos decorativos, materiales y tasación de joyas, y otras alhajas, que podían pertenecer a cualquier dama de alta sociedad a mediados del siglo XIX. Igualmente, el artículo profundiza en los pormenores, origen y fortuna crítica de una de esas joyas, la diadema en forma de concha marina, propiedad de la Familia Real española y actualmente en uso. Finalmente, el cotejo del inventario con los retratos de la infanta permite la identificación de algunas de las joyas.
SOCIABILIDAD CORTESANA Y MODELOS DE MONARQUÍA EN ESPAÑA (1833-1872)
Authors: Sánchez Raquel
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo reflexiona acerca de la importancia de la sociabilidad cortesana para estudiar tres cuestiones de interés: la legitimación social de las elites a través de su relación con la monarquía; la sociabilidad cortesana como reflejo de dos formas de entender la monarquía en la España del siglo XIX; y la sociabilidad cortesana como vía para explorar el papel del monarca en el espacio público en tanto que símbolo de la nación. Para ello se comparan los reinados de Isabel II y de Amadeo de Saboya.
OPTIMIZATION AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR EXTRACTION OF FLAVONOIDS OF BULGARIAN MAVRUD GRAPE BY-PRODUCTS
Authors: Dimcheva Vanya , Karsheva Maria
Published: June 2020

In recent years, the interest in antioxidants in grape by-products has increased significantly as scientific research for the extraction and quantification of these compounds. In the present investigation was optimized the antioxidant yield of the grape pomace and seeds discharged as waste from the Bulgarian Mavrud winery, near to Trakiets village. There is a lack of information about extraction optimization and utilization of the selected grape by-products. The aim of the paper was studying the influence of some process parameters: effect of the degreasing pre-treatment of the material, effect of the extraction method and the extraction time on the yield of total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). For this propose the extraction kinetics were obtained by using conventional and non-conventional extraction methods - magnetic stirring and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and using of degreased and non-degreased plant material. Degreasing was done by conventional Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane for an hour. All analyses were done using ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry. The results obtained show that the applied ultrasound power after the degreasing pre-treatment promoted optimal anthocyanin and flavonoid recovery for 180 minutes extraction time of both - grape pomace and seeds. The TEAC is not affected by applying UAE and degreasing pre-treatment technique. The optimization of the extraction conditions is important because it could alter an economic impact on the extraction evaluation of the Mavrud grape by-products. The grape pomace and seeds from Bulgarian Mavrud wine-making can be used to obtain secondary derivatives with high-added antioxidant value.
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF SPICE EXTRACTS AGAINST ARCOBACTER SPP. AND INFLUENCE ON THEIR BIOFILM FORMATION
Authors: Šilha David , Hurdálková Barbora , Papajová MagdalÃ©na , Šilhová Lucie
Published: June 2020

Several plants are considered to be new resources of substances that can be a potential alternative to combat particularly resistant microorganisms. Arcobacter spp. are dangerous bacteria with pathogenic potential and biofilm formation ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of six spice extracts against several Arcobacter-strains, including much less literally described strains as well. Among the evaluated spices, significant antibacterial activity of many samples was showed. The clove MetOH/DMSO (extraction in methanol/final dissolution in dimethylsulfoxide) extract had a MIC≥20 mg/mL, nutmeg MetOH/DMSO extract had MIC 10-20 mg/mL, and the highest values were recorded in star anise extract (MIC≥20 mg/mL) after 24 hours of exposure. However, arcobacters were highly resistant to extracts from juniper, nutmeg and anise. Furthermore, the effect of extracts on biofilm formation was monitored using Christensen method. The tested extracts were found to have a dual effect on biofilm formation. The elimination of biofilm formation was observed, however also its stimulation, depending on the type of extract and the bacterial strain. The results indicate a particularly interesting antimicrobial effect of cloves and cinnamon extract (inhibition zones up to 30 mm) against Arcobacter strains. The study shows a promising effect of tested extracts on biofilm formation for the first time.
COMPARISON OF PHENOLIC CONTENT IN CABERNET SAUVIGNON AND SAPERAVI WINES
Authors: Sergazy ShyngÑs , Gulyayev Alexandr , Dudikova Galina , Chulenbayeva Laura , Nurgaziyev Madiyar , Elena Krivyh , Nurgozhoina Ayaulym , Ziyat Arailym , Tritek Vladislav , Kozhakhmetov Samat , Kushugulova Almagul
Published: June 2020

Several studies reveal that the phenolic compounds present in the wine and their concentrations determine physiological activities of the red wine. In this study, the main polyphenol components, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavones, flavan-3-ols and stilbenoids, were investigated via HLPC-UV in the “Cabernet Sauvignon” and “Saperavi” wines selected from different regions and different years. In assistance of a meta-analysis, we found that there are no fundamental differences in phenolic compounds between the wines Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi. However, the amounts of several important phenolic materials such as catechin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and myricetin significantly higher in Saperavi wine as compared to Cabernet Sauvignon. Moreover, on the basis of the correlation analysis, we assume that flavones synthesis and regulation of stilbenoids coordinated to a greater extent in “Saperavi” than in “Cabernet Sauvignon”.
EFFICIENT LACTAMIDE SYNTHESIS BY FED-BATCH METHOD USING NITRILE HYDRATASE OF RHODOCOCCUS PYRIDINIVORANS NIT-36
Authors: Singh Poonam , Kumari Ansu , Attri Chandrika , Seth Amit
Published: June 2020

Lactamide is used in the synthesis of lactic acid esters and as a solvent in many ecofriendly formulations. Till date lactamide synthesis was accomplished by employing chemical methods involving harsh reaction conditions while the enzyme-based approach ensures high purity lactamide synthesis under ambient environment without the intervention of acid byproducts using lactonitrile as substrate. Nitrile hydratase of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NIT-36 was expressed by supplementing the growth medium with inducer i.e. lactamide. A 1.7-fold increase in enzyme activity was recorded by double feeding of the inducer. A further two-fold enhancement in enzymatic activity was achieved by the statistical optimization of process parameters for lactamide production by Response Surface Methodology. The substrate, lactonitrile inhibited the enzyme at higher concentrations, hence a fed-batch approach was adopted. The enzyme substrate ratio was standardized and the enzyme completely converted 15 mM of lactonitrile to lactamide in 30 minutes using 2 mg/ml resting cells. The fed-batch was performed at 1 L scale and 100% biotransformation of 360 mM of lactonitrile to lactamide was achieved at 45°C in 720 minutes. The catalytic productivity of 14.5 g/g dcw/h for lactamide formation was finally recorded in the 1 L fed-batch reaction.
PURIFICATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE PRODUCED BY NOVEL ISOLATE MUCOR CIRCINELLOIDES (VON TIEGHEM) USING SSF PROCESS
Authors: Bensmail Souhila , Naimi-Fazouane Fethia
Published: June 2020

Microbial peptidases are among the most important hydrolytic enzymes which have a potential application in a wide number of industrial processes. In this study, the milk-clotting enzyme of a newly isolated strain Mucor circinelloides (von Tieghem) MG603064 was produced by solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as the substrate. The crude extract exhibited a maximum milk-clotting activity of 1500 ± 50.943 SU/mL after 72 h of incubation at 25 °C. Purification of the enzyme using fractionation at 20‒70% (NH4)2SO4 followed by size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100 allowed us to obtain a 20-fold purified peptidase with a recovery of 18.41%. The highest activity of the purified enzyme (30 kDa) was obtained in 25 mM CaCl2, at pH 5.0 and temperature of 60 °C. The enzyme was stable between pH 3.0‒4.0 for 24 h at 4 °C in 0.1 M citrate buffer and retained more than 80% of its maximum activity at 45 °C for 1 h with complete inactivation at 75 °C. The enzyme inhibition of 94.5 and 98.6% by 0.02 and 0.1 mM Pepstatin A, respectively, confirmed that the enzyme is an aspartyl peptidase. A partial inhibition of 78.17% was noted for EDTA at 14 mM. The enzyme activity was improved significantly by Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ by 40.5, 59.5, 75.6 and 85%, respectively, and strongly inhibited by Al3+ (93.1%) and Hg2+(94.4%), at a concentration of 10 mM. Activity stimulation of 120% was maximum in the presence of Ba2+ using the same concentration. The crude and pre-purified extracts were applied in a trial of semi-hard cheese making (type Edam) as possible rennet substitutes.
EVALUATION OF WHITE BREAD PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUBSTITUTED BY RED KIDNEY BEAN FLOUR WITH DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZES AND CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Alif Ramzy Rio , Budiawan Naro Putra Agus
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to study the effect of red kidney bean flour particle size and level of substitution (concentration) on white bread physical characteristics. Red kidney bean-enriched white bread samples, differing in particle sizes (moderately coarse/MC, moderately fine/MF, and standard/ST) and red kidney bean flour concentration (15% and 20%), were compared in terms of their physical characteristics, with leavened white bread as control. The bread physical characteristics assessed were oven spring, baking loss, loaf specific volume, mean crumb cell area, crumb cell density, crumb and crust moisture over storage time. It was found that addition of red kidney bean flour, regardless of particle size and concentration, did not have significant effect on oven spring, baking loss, loaf specific volume, and crumb and crust moisture over time. Mean crumb cell area and cell density were significantly improved by red kidney bean flour particle size reduction, not concentration. The result of this research might lay foundation on similar research and provide interesting information which supports the development of healthier bread using red kidney bean flour.
LAUGHTER CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF VEAL FROM MALE CALVES OF HOLSTEIN AND SLOVAK SIMMENTAL BREEDS
Authors: Vavrišínová KlÃ¡ra , Hozáková KatarÃ­na , Bučko OndÅej , Tkáčová Jana , Bobko Marek
Published: June 2020

Monitoring of selected carcass parameters and analysing of qualitative parameters of veal calves has become an object of concern. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate slaughter parameters, proximate composition and physical technological parameters of Musculus longissimus thoracis (MLT) and Musculus semimembranosus (SM) from calves of two different utility types: Holstein (H) and Slovak Simmental breed (S). The calves were reared under the same housing conditions. All animals were fed with alfalfa hay, feed straw and feed mixture, with ad libitum access to free water. The fattening period started from weaning (about 60 days of age) to required final weight. Total length of the fattening period was about 150 days. No significant differences in the slaughter weight (P>0.05), carcass weight (P>0.05) and dressing percentage (P>0.05) were revealed. Higher content of rumen and intestinal fat was observed in the Holstein veal calves (P>0.05), whereas content of kidney fat was higher in the S calves (P0.05). As regards the chemical analysis of the loin muscle, significant differences in moisture content were revealed (P0.05) in both the muscles. Energy value of MLT was greater in the Holstein; however results were not significant (P>0.05). Concentration of MDA in samples increased during 9 days of storage which is normal due to the ageing process of the meat. Higher degradation of lipids after 9 days of storage was found in samples from Holstein veal (P>0.05). Statistical significant variety of the pH1 (P
ACRYLAMIDE INFLUENCE ON THE ACTIVITY OF CHOLINESTERASES, OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS, CASPASE-3 EXPRESSION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE FOREBRAIN OF CHICKEN EMBRYOS
Authors: Batoryna Marta , Leśniak Agnieszka , Kopańska Marta , Formicki Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of acrylamide (ACR), a common neurotoxin, on the neuroepithelial cells utilizing in ovo model for embryonic brain development. On day five (E5), 75 eggs with living embryos were randomly divided into three groups: one control and two experimental (n=25) and injected with 0.7% NaCl and/or ACR saline solution at the dose of 30 μg or 300 μg per egg , respectively. The injections were performed directly into the amniotic fluid, and after 7 h of incubation, tissues the brain was collected Additionally, for the brain microstructure evaluation brain tissues were obtained from 10th day embryos. Immunohistochemical localization of caspase-3 and histochemical staining demonstrated deterioration and significant damage to neuroepithelial cells and affected caspase-3 distribution/expression in brain. Results of biochemical assays showed increased activity of enzymes (SOD, AChE, BuChE) whereas ACR had no impact on the MDA concentration. This suggests that ACR has no direct impact on the caspases, and its action is an effect of SOD response to free radicals probably. ACR has an impact on the activity of cholinergic nerves and brain cytoarchitecture of the developing embryos. All of the observed effects suggests serious influence of ACR on the developing brain by several different mechanisms.
ASSESSMENT OF CAMEL MILK YOGURT AS A COGENT APPROACH ON STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ) INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS IN SPRAGUE - DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Khaliq Adnan , Zahoor Tahir , Nadeem Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Amir Gilani Syed , Farhan Jahangir Chughtai Muhammad , Bilal Irshad Muhammad , Liaqat Atif , Pasha Imran , Ahsan Samreen , Shah Faiz-ul-Hassan , Ali Shariati Mohammad , Yessimbekov Zhanibek
Published: June 2020

According to Global report of World Health Organization (WHO) on diabetes, a predictable frequency of diabetes in the grown-up populace has nearly elevated 2-fold since 1980 from 4.7% to 8.5%. Altogether, mainstream of individuals is suffering from Type 1 diabetes mellitus of all diabetes cases which is a serious metabolic disorder and frightening state of cases booming annually. Camel milk, fresh/ fermented has the properties to be acknowledging for its potential effect for the cure of diabetes mellitus type 1. The higher concentration of insulin/insulin mimics particles in camel milk, like half cysteine, small sized immunoglobulins and their optimistic impact on beta cells and resistance to coagulation in acidic environment of stomach contributes to hypoglycemic effect in type 1 diabetes. The persistence of this study was the evaluation of camel milk yogurt on experimental Sprague-Dawley rats for type 1 diabetes. Two types of studies were conducted with four groups depending upon the diet. The analysis of serum glucose, insulin levels, liver and kidney functioning tests, and hematological analysis were performed to access the therapeutic potential of camel milk yogurt during efficacy trials. Serum glucose and insulin results showed that camel milk yogurt exhibited 3.69 % reduction of serum glucose level in study-I (fed on cow milk yogurt) whereas, 13.88% reduction was reported in study-II (fed on camel milk yogurt). Insulin concentration was increased 1.84 % in study-I whereas, 15.22 % was increased in study-II. Categorically, insulin percentage increment enlightened that induction of camel milk yogurt to subjects revealed better results in comparison to cow milk yogurt. The protective perspectives of camel milk yogurt supplementation to rats did not impart any deleterious effect on biochemical markers of the rats. Overall research showed that camel milk yogurt administration improved the clinical symptoms of diabatic rats along with minimal determental effects on health stratum of rats group.
COPPER SULPHATE ELICITATION OF OPTIMIZED SUSPENSION CULTURE OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES YIELDS UNPRECEDENTED LEVEL OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE
Authors: A Dawande Anilkumar , Sahay Sanjay
Published: June 2020

Concerted efforts have been made to push up andrographolide production through optimization of culture conditions, calli induction, cell growth and elicitation in cell suspension culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees. Optimum callus induction was obtained with cotyledon and hypocotyls of the plant on Skoog and Hilderbrandt (SH) medium containing 2.0 µg/mL 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1µg/mL 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP). Half MS medium containing 20 g/L sucrose and 20 h photoperiod showed highest cells fresh weight (CFW) (17.96 ± 0.06 g/50 mL), growth index (10.95 ± 0.96) and andrographolide yield (4.61±0.688 mg/g DCW). The addition of copper sulphate (500 µM/L), Methyl jasmonate (25 mg/L), Chitin (500 mg/L) or Fungal mycelium (500 mg/L) in separate experiments showed significant increase (p=0.05) in bioproduction of andrographolide to the extent of 29.42±0.31 mg/g DCW, 13.13±0.11mg/g DCW, 19.45±0.68 mg/g DCW and 13.629±1.12 mg/g DCW respectively, copper sulphate thus proved to be the most effective one. The study indicated that a holistic approach involving both culture conditions and elicitation could enhance the overall production of secondary metabolites (andrographolide) appreciably in this herb and possibly in other medicinal plants.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYSED AND FERMENTED MILK PROTEINS
Authors: M. Halavach Tatsiana , V. Dudchik Natalia , I. Tarun Ekaterina , G. Zhygankov Vasiliy , P. Kurchenko Vladimir , V. ovich Roman , D. Khartitonov Vladimir , A. Asafov Vladimir
Published: June 2020

A comparative analysis of protein and peptide profile, biological activities of hydrolysed bovine colostrum and whey was performed. It was found that the depth of proteolysis, qualitative and quantitative composition of protein component of samples determined the level of their antiradical, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and antigenic properties. SDS electrophoresis of experimental samples revealed more extensive protein hydrolysis in the course of alcalase treatment than during enzymatic reaction with neutrase. Using fluorimetric method the influence of hydrolysis with endopeptidases and fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus on antioxidant properties of milk proteins was established. 1.7–5.5 times increase in antiradical activity of derived samples in comparison with native proteins was recorded. Reduction in mutation rate induced by whey hydrolysate in tested strain Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 ranged from 15.7 % to 49.2 %, whereas antimutagenic effect on strain TA 100 varied from 18.8 % to 52.1 %, exceeding the similar values shown by colostrum hydrolysates. Samples of colostrum and whey hydrolysed with alcalase are enriched with specific short-chain peptides which determine their relatively high antimutagenic and antiradical properties. Immunoprecipitation reaction demonstrated effective splitting of β lactoglobulin by alcalase, resulting in production of hypoallergenic hydrolysates. It was found by impedimetric technique that neutrase-cleaved colostrum accounted for maximum inhibition of Escherichia coli АТСС 8739 (82 %) and Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538 (19 %). Samples of enzymatic hydrolysates of colostrum and whey proteins with confirmed antimicrobial, antimutagenic and antioxidant action were obtained. The use of hydrolysed and fermented colostrum with elevated antioxidant potential in special nutrition appears extremely promising.
OAT: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC INGREDIENT FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ramzan Saniya
Published: June 2020

Oat is a cereal grain that is known for its good nutritional composition with extra benefit of the β-glucan as dietary fiber. It is one of the major crop that is grown in different countries as by product or for non-food use. Now researchers and scientists have discovered its phenomenal properties that tends to help the human beings to combat with the ailments. Further, it also act as preventive measure to cure starting point of some chronic diseases such as heart diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes and cancer. Moreover it also acts as antimicrobial, antioxidant and reduces the blood cholesterol level. There is a tremendous increase in the number of oat products in the market that can soon take over the traditional products. These products include whole products, breakfast meals, flakes, porridge, bread, bars, drink like oat milk and yogurt like fermented commodities. Based on these beneficial effects and increasing demand, oat is of major interest for commercial production of novel food products.
ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM WETLAND AND HILL PADDY DURING THE WARM AND COOL SEASONS IN SARAWAK, EAST MALAYSIA
Authors: I Basik Ann , Juboi Holed , Sara Gill Shamsul Sunita , Sanglier Jean-Jacques , Chia Yeo Tiong
Published: June 2020

As part of the Natural Product Discovery programme at Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC), our study targeted isolation and evaluation of actinomycetes diversity from paddy rice fields. Samples from two types of paddy farming system practiced in Sarawak, wet land and hill paddy, were collected and processed leading to the selection of 578 strains distributed among 24 genera and 10 families. Analysis using phylogenetic clustering indicated a total of 159 taxonomic units (TU). The taxonomic position and the ranking of the TU allowed their classification in 4 novel species, 61 putative novel species and 94 known species or species of uncertain position. The high genus diversity and percentage of novel or putative novel species demonstrate the biodiversity potential of Sarawak ecosystems, even in man-managed ecosystems.
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS OF FERTILITY PARAMETER FLUXES IN CEMENT-DUST-POLLUTED SOILS IN MFAMOSING, NIGERIA: IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE
Authors: Asitok Atim , Ekpenyong Maurice , Antai Sylvester
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the impact of cement-dust pollution on the fertility status of agricultural soils to ascertain their health and suitability for cropping. Relevant soil nutrients and enzyme activities were determined from 12 control soil, 12 NPK-treated polluted soil and 12 un-amended polluted soil samples, using standard soil analytical and biochemical procedures. Soil microbial biomass-carbon was quantified by chloroform-fumigation-extraction (CFE) method. Cultivable aerobic bacterial count was determined on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) while cultivable fungal quantitation was performed on Czapek-Dox agar. Corn (Zea mays) yield served to evaluate pollutant effect on tested parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted two components, PC1 and PC2, from nine studied dependent variables (DVs) which explained 68.33% variability about the data. Number and membership of extracted components were confirmed by two clusters obtained by agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHCA). Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed significant effect of soil type on the combined DVs when the effect of the covariate (planting period) was controlled. One-way analysis of covariance (one-way ANCOVA) revealed non-significant effect of planting period but a significant main effect of soil type on corn yield when controlling for the effect of the covariate. Relative to control soil, per cent loss in corn yield was 55.69% in cement dust-polluted soil but reduced to 36.07% in polluted soils treated with NPK. The research findings have shown that cement dust pollution significantly reduced corn yield and the stress may persist in agricultural soils amended with fertilizer.
COMBINED EFFECT OF EUCALYPTUS MICROCORYS AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND LIGHT ON PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI SURVIVAL IN AQUATIC MICROCOSM
Authors: Arfao Antoine Tamsa , Ewoti Olive Vivien Noah , Onana Mamert Fils , Djimeli Chretien Lontsi , Tchakonté Simeon , Dama Nathalie Kobbe , Nola Moïse
Published: June 2020

Microcosm experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of Eucalyptus microcorys aqueous plant extract on pathogenic Escherichia coli survival in water. The results clearly showed that the combined effect of light and extract concentration impacted significantly survival of the bacteria. The dark inhibition coefficient (KD) was 0.102 h-1, 0.116 h-1, 0.111 h-1, 0.123 h-1, 0.136 h-1 and 0.146 h-1 with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of extract concentration respectively. In the light conditions, we noted a relative increase of light inhibition coefficient (KL). The Self-Organizing Map according to incubation duration of cells in the extract solution permitted to group bacterial abundances in three clusters. Cluster I is the abundance of cells registered after 24 hours incubation in the plant extract solution. Cluster II is made up of all cells abundances registered after 9 and 12 hours incubation and Cluster III is constituted by cells abundances obtained after 3 and 6 hours incubation. Globally, for extract concentration 1, 1.5 and 2%, a calculation using Chick-Watson model resulted to a value of log(N/No) = -0.1Ct which is very close to chlorine disinfectant Chick-Watson model log(N/No) = -0.16 Ct. These results can improve in the new alternative method of treatment water by plant extracts.
PREDOMINANCE OF BACILLUS SPP. DURING THE PRODUCTION OF MANTCHOUA, A TRADITIONAL KAPOK SEED FERMENTED CONDIMENT FROM BURKINA FASO
Authors: Kere-Kando Christine , Greve-Johansen Pernille , Compaoré Clarisse S. , Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou , Ouédraogo George A. , Diawara Bréhima , Thorsen Line , Jespersen Lene
Published: June 2020

Mantchoua is a fermented seed condiment produced from kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) seeds in Burkina Faso. In this study, the microbiology of Mantchoua from raw material to final product was investigated in samples from two production sites (Pô and Bobo-Dioulasso). Four processing methods of Mantchoua production were characterized by determination of numbers of Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (AMB), Bacillus spp. and pH. A total of 251 Bacillus spp. from 619 AMB isolates were identified using M13-PCR and ITS-PCR typing, 16S rRNA and gyrA gene sequencing. AMB and Bacillus spp. counts in raw material ranged between 4.2-4.7 log10 CFU/g and 3.8-4.1 log10 CFU/g in kapok seeds and between 2.2-2.3 log10 CFU/g and 1.1-1.8 log10 CFU/g in ash lye solution, respectively. Microbial counts in seeds mash during fermentation ranged between 9-10.9 log10 CFU/g for AMB and between 8.6-10.5 log10 CFU/g for Bacillus spp. In dried Mantchoua, AMB counts ranged between 7.7-10.4 log10 CFU/g while Bacillus spp. counts ranged between 7.5-10.3 log10 CFU/g.

The fermentation of Mantchoua involved different species of Bacillus spp. At Bobo-Dioulasso pilot plant, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis dominated (50% of the Bacillus isolates) followed by B. cereus sensu lato (28% of the Bacillus isolates) while at Pô traditional production site, B. cereus sensu lato dominated (54% of the Bacillus isolates) followed also by B. subtilis subsp. subtilis (26% of the Bacillus isolates). For the Mantchoua processes including ash lye solution, pH were consistently higher during fermentation (pH 8.6-8.9), and the number of isolated B. cereus sensu lato were lower.
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY ENDOPHYTIC Thielaviopsis basicola ISOLATED FROM Ximenia americana, WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA
Authors: Mane Rohit Shankar , Anand M.K. , Vedamurthy Ankala Basappa
Published: June 2020

The objective of the present study was the bioprospection of bioactive compounds from endophytic Thielaviopsis basicola with therapeutic applications, isolated from Ximenia americana, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. The fresh and healthy leaves and roots of Ximenia americana were collected from the forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. The collected explants were submerged for the enumeration and purification of fungal endophytes by using selective, and different media. Isolated fungal endophytes were processed for the production, extraction, phytochemical analysis, purification and evaluation of bioactive compounds by referring standard protocols. At a glance, endophyte derived bioactive compounds were used in in-vitro antagonistic, antioxidant antiurolithisis, and anticancer activity. A total of 32 pure isolates were obtained, 8 morphologically distinct fungal endophytes were identified from 200 explants of X. americana. Endophytic Thielaviopsis basicola was a core candidate identified and cultivated in solid-state fermentation on corn bran under the dark condition at 25℃ ± 2℃ for 15 days. Obtained 5.30g of aqueous crude extract per 100g of cornmeal were processed for qualitative phytochemical analysis, in alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and glycosides were found. The aqueous crude extract showed 0.761g of phenol and 0.276g of flavonoids content. From these crude extract TbCC1 and TbCC2, two fractions were purified by column chromatography and spotted potent bioactive compounds on thin layer chromatography. The FTIR data of TbCC1 and TbCC2 showed different functional groups such as alcohol, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic, alkyl halides, amines, ether, and nitrile. The TbCC1 exhibited prominent antagonistic activity and MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (24mm with 100μg/mL) and Candida albicans (22mm with 75μg/mL) while TbCC2 exhibited against Salmonella typhi (22mm with 75μg/mL) and Aspergillus fumigatus (18mm with 75μg/mL). The TbCC1 showed potent antioxidant activity (86.24±0.35) with 5.26μg/mL of IC50 value as compared with TbCC2. The maximum antiurolithiasis activity showed with 100% concentration at the rate of 67.5±1.49 of aqueous crude extract. The Sulphorodamine B assay showed MCF7 human breast cancer cell line viability 98.39±0.0250 at 100μg concentration and 40.81±0.0470 at 500μg with an IC50 value of 459.60μg.This is the first innovative report of endophytic Thielaviopsis basicola for their phytochemicals detection and prominent in-vitro activities from the selected plants.
INVESTIGATION OF FERMENTATION CONDITION FOR PRODUCTION ENHANCEMENT OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE FROM CHEESE WHEY BY PSEUDOMONAS SP.
Authors: Bose Sathya A , Raja Sivashankar , Jeyaram Kanimozhi , Arockiasamy Santhiagu , Velmurugan Sivasubramanian
Published: June 2020

A newly acquired polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producing Pseudomonas sp. was characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (1,423 bp) and identified as P. Putida SS9. This strain P. putida SS9 was considered in respect of its potential for achieving maximum production of PHA under controlled volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) using inexpensive substrate, cheese whey. The significant parameters such as pH, temperature, nitrogen source concentration were studied in shake flask. The influence of aeration and agitation on kLa and production of PHA was studied in stirred tank fermenter. Maximum PHA concentration of 5.98 and 4.33 g/l was obtained using cheese whey medium (CWM) and mineral salts medium (MSM) respectively. Further, the properties of PHA were analyzed by Differential scanning calorimetry, Thermal gravimetry analysis. The structure of the compound was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The findings suggested that the cheese whey could be a most excellent alternative carbon source for PHA production using P. putida SS9 and thus it could effectively replace the synthetic mineral salts medium under optimum kLa. The nucleotide sequence proclaimed in this work will emerge in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database under accession number MF403057.
ASSESSMENT OF GLUTEN-FREE COOKIES MADE FROM RICE AND SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE BLENDS
Authors: Ogunbusola Eunice Moriyike , Alabi Opeyemi Olaitan , Sanni Toibudeen Adesegun , Seidu Kudirat Titilope , Oke Hammed Oluwatobi , Akinwale Olamide Rebecca
Published: June 2020

The chemical composition, physical characteristics, and sensory attributes of gluten-free cookies made from blends of rice and soy protein flour were evaluated. Nerica 7 and Faro 44 rice were separately blended with soy protein isolate, to produce five formulations with ratio (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20) of rice to soy protein isolate flour respectively for cookies production. The functional and pasting properties of the composite flour formulations were analysed. The bulk density and the least gelation concentration of the flour blends decreased with increasing percentage of soy protein isolate, while other functional attributes increased. Pasting properties varied significantly (p≤0.05), with whole rice flours having the highest pasting characteristics. Nerica 7 flour blend and its composite blends exhibited better pasting properties than their Faro 44 rice counterpart. Cookies made from Nerica 7 rice flour supplemented with 10% soy protein isolates had the highest spread ratio. The moisture content, protein and crude fibre content of the cookies ranged from 3.28-5.33 g/100g, 3.96-17.76 g/100g, and 3.09-4.22 g/100g respectively. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the cookies produced from flour blends were scored significantly higher in all the quality attributes compared to whole rice flours (control). Nerica 7 and Faro 44 rice flour composited with soy protein isolate could serve as functional ingredients in food formulation, especially in the production of gluten-free cookies.
AUTHENTICITY ANALYSIS OF BEEF MEATBALL ADULTERATION WITH WILD BOAR USING FTIR SPECTROSCOPY COMBINED WITH CHEMOMETRICS
Authors: Ahda Mustofa , Guntarti Any , Kusbandari Aprilia , Melianto Yulizar
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research to detect and analyze the wild boar in beef meatball using FTIR combined with chemometric. Then, the specific of FTIR region for detecting wild boar in beef meatball in the commercial product. The wild boar meatball was made with different a concentration range between 0-100%. The wild boar meatball was analyzed using FTIR. The FTIR spectrum was processed using chemometrics method like Part Least Square (PLS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PLS look for the highest of determination coefficient and smaller of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) or Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation (RMSECV). PCA analysis will distinguish the wild boar meatball and beef meatball product. The result of this research showed that the FTIR spectrum of wild boar and beef in meatball have different characteristics. The result from FTIR spectrum processing showed that specific spectrum of wild boar at wavenumber 999 - 1481 cm-1 combined with 1650 - 1793 cm-1 which is processed at 1st derivative. The PLS resulted from the calibration method has the determination coefficient (R2) value is 0.9991 and RMSEC of 1.028%. While the validation methods resulted are R2 and RMSECV which are 0.9999 and 0.300% respectively. This research showed the meatball from wild boar can be distinguished from beef and the commercial meatballs are not made from them.
METAGENOMICS IN-SIGHT INTO THE MICROBIAL STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTER UTILISING FRUIT WASTE AS SUBSTRATE
Authors: Chinwendu Anika Ogemdi , Bukola Catherine Akin-Osanaiye , Okon Edet Uwem
Published: June 2020

Anaerobic digester has emerged as a technology of choice in management of waste and production of biogas. However, the microbial ecology of digesters utilizing various substrates are very poorly understood. The ecology of anaerobic digester utilizing Citrullus lanatus fruit waste was analyzed using metagenomics. Slurry substrate sample was collected from a functional digester aseptically and anaerobically. Metagenomic DNA was extracted using ZYMO DNA extraction Kit (Model D 6001, Zymo Research, USA) following manufacturer’s instruction. Extracted DNA was amplified using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon PCR primers set and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomic analysis of the reads was performed using NCBI-BLAST-2.2.24 and CLC bio Genomics workbench v7.5.1. Taxonomic classification of the sequences revealed that bacteria and archae were the top two kingdoms with reads counts of 57,554 and 80, respectively. The top 7 phyla were Unknown, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Euryarchaeota in decreasing order of counts. A total of 30 microbial classes, 43 orders, 79 families and 210 species were further classified. Over half of the 210 species detected were not routinely cultured species in the laboratory, indicating that there is still a relatively wide gap between culturable and non-culturable species in an anaerobic digester. The Acidogens captured in this study were Clostridium, Uncultured rumen bacteria and Bacteroidetes species. Furthermore, we also detected uncultured syntrophic Acetogens such as Syntrophomonas species and the hydrogenotrophic thermophile, Methanothermobacter sp. The Syntrophomonas species is known to breakdown short chain fatty acids, like propionate and butanoate in concert with hydrogenotrophic Methanogens indicating methane generation was via the hydrogenotrophic route. However, the main representative hydrogenotrophic methanogens detected were Methanoculleus bourgensis and Methanoculleus marisnigri, with the former being more abundant. In addition to the aforementioned species, other species captured were largely classified as unknown or uncultured species and they include Uncultured species of Clostridium, Syntrophomonas, Synergistetes, Synergistaceae Anaerobic sp, Ruminococcaceae, Rumen sp, Thermomonas, Thermoanaerobacteriales, Bacterium, Compost, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Clostriaceae, Acetobacter. Eubacterium, Alpha and Aacteroides. The results of the study revealed that culture-independent approach is better able to capture the anaerobes including both culturable and unknown that dominate anaerobic digesters and are responsible for the bioconversion of organic waste into biogas.
CHARACTERIZATION OF BRADYRHIZOBIA ASSOCIATED WITH SOYBEAN PLANTS GROWN IN UKRAINE
Authors: Krutylo Dmytro , Leonova Natalia , Nadkernychna Olena
Published: June 2020

The phenotypic and genotypic features of soybean nodule bacteria with different growth rates common in soils of Ukraine have been studied. The obtained results suggest high heterogeneity of soybean microsymbionts. It has been established that all studied strains are able to form active symbiotic relationships with soybean. When interacting with Chinese cowpea, intensive-growing strains form an ineffective symbiosis with a low nitrogen fixation level (phenotype Nod+Fix–), while slow-growing strains form complete nitrogen fixing systems (phenotype Nod+Fix+). Upon cultivation in the mannitol yeast medium, intensive-growing strain B. japonicum KC19 produces a significant amount of auxins and cytokinins, while the slow-growing strain B. japonicum KC23 is significantly superior by the amount of gibberellins. According to the organization of the genome defined in REP-PCR, studied strains of soybean rhizobia belong to two genetic groups, which corresponds to the division of strains into groups by the growth rate (slow- and intensive-growing). Based on the RFLP analysis of rpoB gene, using restriction enzymes MspI, HaeIII and NdeII, intensive-growing strains were combined into one rpoB type, while slow-growing strains belong to 2-3 rpoB types.
LEPTOSPIROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nagraik Rupak , Kaushal Ankur , Gupta Shagun , Sharma Avinash , Kumar Dinesh
Published: June 2020

Leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans is considered as one of the most important zoonotic infections globally. It affects humans and wide range of animals. It damages various vital organs of the body and can often lead to fatal complications. The various symptoms of leptospirosis are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. It may lead to complications like jaundice, hemorrhage, myocarditis, meningitis and in some cases renal failure. Leptospirosis is mainly caused by rodents which are considered as reservoir hosts for leptospires. The other animals such as mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish are carriers of leptospirosis. Humans acquire leptospirosis accidently by contact with carrier animals or environment contaminated by leptospires. Leptospirosis has a wide geographical distribution including tropical, subtropical and temperate climatic regions. But it is more prevalent in the tropical areas where warm humid conditions and alkaline or neutral soil helps leptospires survive better. This review is an attempt to cover every aspect of leptospirosis in detail. The biology and culture characteristics of leptospires, classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, host immune response, transmission cycle and different diagnostic methods have been explained in detail.
THE VIABILITY OF ENCAPSULATED Lactobacillus plantarum DURING CUPCAKE BAKING PROCESS, STORAGE, AND SIMULATED GASTRIC DIGESTION
Authors: Dong Lieu My , Luan Nguyen Thien , Thuy Dang Thi Kim
Published: June 2020

In this study, the Lactobacillus plantarum viability in the cupcake according to baking time was investigated for the first time. L. plantarum was microencapsulated by the emulsion method in κ-carrageenan mixed with skim milk (CS sample) or carrageenan coated by skim milk (CcS sample). The average size, and the L. plantarum viability during cupcake baking, cold storage and in the simulated intestinal fluid (SGF) were investigated. The result showed that the particle size was 165μm and 320μm for the CS and CcS samples respectively. In the cupcake baking process indicated that the L. plantarum viability in control samples was decreased 0.21; 0.66; 2.13; and 5.33 log CFU/cake after 2; 4; 8; and 12 min baking respectively as compared to the initial, whereas the decreasing of the L. plantarum viability was 0.22 to 0.34; 0.80 to 0.90; 1.48 to 1.50; and 3.58 to 3.80 log CFU/cake in CS samples and CcS samples respectively. The pH value of the control samples was 6.8 to 6.5 which tended to be lower than the microencapsulated samples during 14 days of storage, though there was not a significant difference. Additionally, the L. plantarum viability in the control, CS and CcS samples was tended to increase slightly during storage. However, L. plantarum cells showed high sensitivity with the SGF medium. The longer the storage time, the more sensitive L. plantarum in SGF. The CcS sample showed significant higher protective efficacy in SGF than the CS samples. The same result was not observed in simulated intestinal fluid. In the sensory test, the difference between the cupcake with and without the addition of microcapsules was not significant.
Allergic rhinitis complicated by hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of nasal turbinates in patients of Northern Vietnam
Authors: Ivanovich Kryukov Andrei , Bondareva Galina Petrovna , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Constant contact with allergens contributes to the formation of allergic rhinitis and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Moreover, constant inflammation stimulates hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the nasal turbinates and paranasal sinuses. This study aimed to assess the clinical features of hypertrophic rhinitis (HR) in combination with allergic rhinitis (AR) in patients from Northern Vietnam to improve the effectiveness of treatment and quality of life of patients with this pathology of the nasal cavity.
Methods: The study was conducted from June to September 2018 by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Thai Nguyen Central General Hospital, Vietnam. A total of 158 patients with symptoms of chronic rhinitis, aged 5–70 years, were examined. All patients with allergic rhinitis were subjected to standard, specific allergological tests, such as the determination of specific IgE in the blood, and statistics were assessed according to the otorhinolaryngology examination and CT scan. All patients were also examined by otolaryngologists.
Results: According to the results of our study, among 64 patients with a diagnosis of AR, a total of 45 (70.31%) patients were diagnosed as AR in combination with a hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the nasal turbinate, with an average duration of morbidity of 5.8 ±1.6 years. Moreover, 17 (37.78%) patients were diagnosed with severe hypertrophy of the mucous membrane of the nasal inferior turbinate (the nasal inferior turbinate is 50% or more of nasal cavity and with nasal polyps). The sensitization to house dust mites and fungi was high.
Conclusion: The peculiar findings of AR in combination with HR detected in patients of Northern Vietnam was associated with the onset of the disease at the age of 20-40 years, the predominance in men, the predominance of the disease in smokers, and the predominance in residents of cities and industrial areas (71.1%). Indeed, there was an observed combination of AR with severe and moderate degree of HR. The sensitization of patients with AR in combination with HR in Northern Vietnam are similar to those in Asia, with predominant allergy to house dust mites.