bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Obtaining Ni-Cr-Fe Alloy Powders by Plasma Atomization
Authors: Ermakov S.B. , Vologzhanina S.A. , Ermakov Boris S.
Published: July 2021

New requirements put forward to the modern industry to reduce harmful emissions increase the utilization rate of metal, reduce the production time of equipment, the production of components and parts from hard-to-process materials aim to introduce new technological processes. A promising technology is additive growing, which allows one to minimize the production time of unique products, to use hard-to-process alloys, for example, based on the Ni-Fe-Cr system, in their manufacture. The study was carried out by the method of mathematical planning of the experiment with subsequent processing of the results on a supercomputer. The results of the influence of the current applied to the plasma torch and the flow rate of the plasma-forming gas are presented; wire feed rates during spraying in power plants per fraction and particle size ratio in the volume of the yield of suitable. The minimum allowable yield of the product is set at 30 % with the production of fractions in the range from 40 to 140 microns. The results obtained for the Inconel 718 alloy confirmed the possibility of obtaining Ni-Cr-Fe alloy powders. The mode proposed in the work allows obtaining commodity fractions at the level of 30-35% of the mass of the sprayed feedstock. Additional tests of the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of samples made from the resulting powder showed satisfactory results, similar to the results of tests of samples made from heat-treated alloy forgings.
Thermal Properties of Fullerene С56
Authors: Barbin Nikolay M. , Yakupova Lydia V. , Terentev Dmitriy I. , Kuanyshev Valery T.
Published: July 2021

The behavior of С56 fullerene when heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 105 Pa was studied using computer thermodynamic modeling. The modeling consisted in a complete thermodynamic analysis of the system using the TERRA software package, which is one of the most developed and efficient ones that implements such thermodynamic calculations. Experiment temperature ranges are from 273 to 3373 К. Based on the calculated data, a graph of the carbon balance in the С56-N2 system was constructed, the ongoing physicochemical processes were described, divided into four classes: sublimation, dissociation in the gas phase, chemical reactions occurring in the gas phase, dissociation and chemical reaction in the gas phase. Temperature intervals of reactions are identified. The equilibrium constants of the reactions are calculated and described, as well as the coefficients of these constants are found using the least squares method. The temperature interval of thermal stability of the condensed C56 fullerene and C56 vapors is defined. This work is one of the series of works on the properties of nanoparticles, in the future it is planned to study the thermal properties of higher fullerenes. The data obtained can be used to determine the explosive and fire hazardous properties of fullerenes as a dispersed solid.
Properties of Cement with Photocatalytic Composite Material
Authors: Ogurtsova Yulia N. , Strokova Valeria V. , Zhao Pei Qi , Antonenko Marina V. , Gubareva Ekaterina N.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of the determination of the effect of a photocatalytic composite material (PCM) with the composition SiO2‒TiO2on the main properties of white Portland cement: heat release during hydration, phase composition and microstructural features of cement stone, pressure strength and self-cleaning ability. PCM was synthesized by a sol-gel method based on tetrabutoxytitanium and finely dispersed diatomite powder and 15% cement was added instead. The presence of PCM in the cement system provided the reduction of the induction period of cement hydration, consolidation of the microstructure of the cement stone with the products of the pozzolanic reaction, the ability to photocatalytic self-cleaning of the cement stone surface.
Assessment of the Thermal Effect on the Surface of Metal Structural Materials on the Stability of Laser-Induced Codes Readability
Authors: Pryakhin E.I. , Ligachev A.E. , Kolobov Yurii R. , Zakharenko Eugeny A. , Romanov Valeriy V.
Published: July 2021

This work represents the characterization of materials surface before and after laser processing with macrophotography, optical metallography, and scanning electron microscopy before and after thermal exposure. The factors influencing the reliability of the laser-induced code readability have been determined as color and contrast. The range of stability of the code readability under thermal influence on the structural materials under study was determined, which allows improving the reliability of the laser-induced marking codes readability. The research objects in this paper were samples of the following materials: alloys based on copper, aluminum, and iron with laser-induced codes of various types applied on the surface. This work aimed to research the stability of laser-induced codes readability after thermal exposure using macrophotography, optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy on structural materials of various purposes before and after laser processing (when forming a binary matrix code). The research results obtained and presented in this article on the stability of laser-induced codes reading under thermal action on structural materials can be used in different fields of industry, when marking products of heavy, general, medium, and precision engineering, as well as for marking metal products and blank parts. The results of this research are also planned to be used for further analysis of the occurring damage, leading to reading errors due to mechanical and chemical influences. It is planned to evaluate the limit values of the parameters that determine the degree of degradation at which the encoding will be considered to have lost the recognizing ability. Requirements for the quality and permissible code damage will also be developed to ensure their reliable identification.
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of the Tool Using Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Salpagarov Eldar M. , Belyakov Andrey A. , Sivenkov Aleksei V.
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of this work is to study and evaluate the mechanical properties of nanocomposite coatings based on metal-ceramics. The research also estimates factors affecting the unique properties of these surface coatings. The study compares the physical and mechanical properties of tool material plates with a nanodispersed multilayer composite coating and analyzes the results of mechanical tests with and without these coverings. The results of the investigation show that nanocomposite coatings contribute to hardness, strength and wear resistance more than three times, while traditional hardening methods, such as thermal and chemical-thermal treatment, improve the mechanical properties much less. It can be concluded that nanocomposite coatings can increase the strength resource of the tool. Their main disadvantage is the individuality of the properties of each coating and the need for expensive equipment for their creation and application. In the use of nanocomposite coatings to increase surface properties, multicomponent coatings are of the greatest interest. As a result of this work, the nanocomposite metal coating of the nc-TiN/a-Si3N4system was studied, the dependence of properties on the content of the nc-TiN and a-Si3N4phases was examined, and the optimal ratio was found which ensured the highest values of hardness with the best wear resistance.
Study of the Bimetallic Joint CuCrZr/316L(N)
Authors: Piskarev P.Y. , Gervash Alexander A. , Vologzhanina S.A. , Ermakov Boris S. , Kudryavceva A.M.
Published: July 2021

In this work, a study of the cases of destruction of the CuCrZr / 316L (N) bimetallic joint (BMJ) obtained by diffusion welding under conditions of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was carried out. The identified defects are cracks propagating in the BMJ zone in the corner zone of the mock-ups of the heat-sink elements (HE). The analysis of the causes of destruction of the BMJ was carried out and the factors leading to the weakening of the BMJ zone are analyzed. The analysis of the thermal and stress-strain state of the HE mock-up during the manufacturing process was carried out. The study of the elements of the HE mock-up were carried out by methods of non-destructive testing (ultrasonic testing (UT)) and destructive testing (metallography; fractography; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; tensile tests). The inclusion of brittle phases in the zone of the BMJ was revealed and an assumption was made about the chemical composition of these phases. It was revealed that this line of brittle phases is a crack propagation zone in all cases of destruction of the BMJ in the HE mock-ups. The temperature range is revealed at which the effect of "ductility failure" of the CuCrZr is observed during the tensile testing of the samples.
Understanding Megaliths of Pennagaram Taluk, Dharmapuri District
Authors: Anbalagan Mutharasu , Wesley Don , Pradeep V.
Published: July 2021

Since the discovery of Megalithic burial by Babington in 1823 in Kerala, hundreds of Megalithic burials were explored and excavated all over India. In the northern part of Tamil Nadu, the Middle Cauvery Basin is very rich in archaeological vestiges dating from various periods. Burial with the superstructure in the form of Cairn-Circle or Dolmen was a common feature dating from Iron Age to the Historical period and are collectively referred to as Megalithic Burial in India. To understand the spatial pattern and the effect of geography and geology of an area on the Megalithic burial practice, the taluk of Pennagaram was selected. This article is mainly related to the finding from 10 newly discovered Megalithic burial sites from Pennagaram taluk, which forms part of the Middle Cauvery Basin. In this article, with the help of Google map and Geological map an understating of the spatial pattern and why Megalithic builders of this region selected the place where the present burials are noticed.
Roman Artistic Motifs Found on the Sculpture of Eastern Frontispiece of Abhay
Authors: Biyanwila A.
Published: July 2021

Ancient art is neither compact nor concise. It inspires and is inspired incessantly. Ancient Sri Lankan Art does not escape this truth. The presence of Indian influences such as Andhra, Gandhara, Mathura, Amaravati in Sri Lankan art has been discussed extensively. This paper discusses the Roman artistic influences on sculpture found at Eastern Vahalkada/frontispiece/Aika or Frontispiece of Abhayagiriya, Anuradhapura. The Roman motifs of candelabrum, cupids and griffins found at Abhayagiriya which is also composed of Acanthus foliage reminds us of ancient Roman art. This paper will analyze the said motifs extensively and it will compare each of the above motifs with the original forms and iconography to show the intended inspiration from the Roman artistic tradition. The analysis of the artistic motifs would then prove a possibility of cultural exchange between Ancient Sri Lanka and Rome which have rarely been discussed. This presence could not be missed, when it is supported by the historical proof of the presence of trade and political links between Sri Lanka and Rome. Hence, this paper will be studying a single case that will study Roman influences in Ancient Sri Lankan art and it will suffice to show that no form of art is exclusive but open and inspirational.
Synthetic Peptides with Inadvertent Chemical Modifications Can Activate Potentially Autoreactive T Cells
Authors: Man Stephen , Redman James E , Cross Deborah L , Cole David K , Can Ilona , Davies Bethan , Hashimdeen Shaikh Shimaz , Reid Reiss , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Miners Kelly L , Ladell Kristin , Lissina Anya , Brown Paul E , Wooldridge Linda , Price David A , Rizkallah Pierre J
Published: July 2021

The human CD8+ T cell clone 6C5 has previously been shown to recognize the tert-butyl-modified Bax161–170 peptide LLSY(3-tBu)FGTPT presented by HLA-A*02:01. This nonnatural epitope was likely created as a by-product of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group peptide synthesis and bound poorly to HLA-A*02:01. In this study, we used a systematic approach to identify and characterize natural ligands for the 6C5 TCR. Functional analyses revealed that 6C5 T cells only recognized the LLSYFGTPT peptide when tBu was added to the tyrosine residue and did not recognize the LLSYFGTPT peptide modified with larger (di-tBu) or smaller chemical groups (Me). Combinatorial peptide library screening further showed that 6C5 T cells recognized a series of self-derived peptides with dissimilar amino acid sequences to LLSY(3-tBu)FGTPT. Structural studies of LLSY(3-tBu)FGTPT and two other activating nonamers (IIGWMWIPV and LLGWVFAQV) in complex with HLA-A*02:01 demonstrated similar overall peptide conformations and highlighted the importance of the position (P) 4 residue for T cell recognition, particularly the capacity of the bulky amino acid tryptophan to substitute for the tBu-modified tyrosine residue in conjunction with other changes at P5 and P6. Collectively, these results indicated that chemical modifications directly altered the immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide via molecular mimicry, leading to the inadvertent activation of a T cell clone with unexpected and potentially autoreactive specificities.
Tyr192 Regulates Lymphocyte-Specific Tyrosine Kinase Activity in T Cells
Authors: Borowicz Paweł , Sundvold Vibeke , Chan Hanna , Abrahamsen Greger , Kjelstrup Hanna , Nyman Tuula A , Spurkland Anne
Published: July 2021

TCR signaling critically depends on the tyrosine kinase Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase). Two phosphotyrosines, the activating pTyr394 and the inhibitory pTyr505, control Lck activity. Recently, pTyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain emerged as a third regulator. How pTyr192 may affect Lck function remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of Lck Tyr192 using CRISPR/Cas9-targeted knock-in mutations in the human Jurkat T cell line. Our data reveal that both Lck pTyr394 and pTyr505 are controlled by Lck Tyr192. Lck with a nonphosphorylated SH2 domain (Lck Phe192) displayed hyperactivity, possibly by promoting Lck Tyr394 transphosphorylation. Lck Glu192 mimicking stable Lck pTyr192 was inhibited by Tyr505 hyperphosphorylation. To overcome this effect, we further mutated Tyr505. The resulting Lck Glu192/Phe505 displayed strongly increased amounts of pTyr394 both in resting and activated T cells. Our results suggest that a fundamental role of Lck pTyr192 may be to protect Lck pTyr394 and/or pTyr505 to maintain a pool of already active Lck in resting T cells. This provides an additional mechanism for fine-tuning of Lck as well as T cell activity.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward glaucoma and its management among adult Saudi patients
Authors: Al Rashed Waleed A. , Bin Shihah Abdulelah S. , Alhomoud Abdulrahman S. , Alharbi Muteb M. , Shadid Asem M. , Alghamdi Mushref A. , Alfaris Alanoud , Alrashed Ahmad W. , Osman Essam A. , Khandekar Rajiv
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

To present the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) for glaucoma management and their determinants among adult Saudi patients.

METHODS:

The study was conducted between January and June 2017. Glaucoma patients from the ophthalmology clinic were interviewed. Demographics and disease-related information were noted. The questionnaire included four K questions, seven A questions, and six P squestions. The correct response of questions were summed for K, A, and P, and the percentile was calculated. K and P scores were graded as excellent (more than >75%), good (51%–75%), poor (26%–50%), and very poor (≤25%). If A score was >50%, it was termed as positive.

RESULTS:

We interviewed 263 adult glaucoma patients. Their mean age was 61.6 ± 14.2 years. The excellent grade of knowledge about glaucoma and its management was 63 (24% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.8–29.1]). Poor grade of knowledge was 95 (36.1% [95% CI 30.3–41.9]). The attitude toward glaucoma and its management was positive in 89 (33.8% [95% CI 28.1–39.6]). The practice to manage glaucoma was of excellent grade in 10 (3.8% [95% CI 1.5-6.1]). The overall excellent grade of KAP glaucoma patients was 17.9% (13.2–22.5). Good practice for glaucoma management was associated with a history of glaucoma surgery (P < 0.001), longer duration of glaucoma (P = 0.02), and young age (P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS:

Low KAP about glaucoma disease and medication among Saudi glaucoma patients is a matter of concern. Strategies are needed to improve the KAP of glaucoma patients.
Horner's syndrome secondary to heart surgery in a pediatric patient
Authors: Aslankurt Murat , Aslan Lokman
Published: July 2021

Horner's Syndrome (HS) is a disease characterized by miosis, ptosis, and ipsilateral lack of sweating. It can occur with any injury at the level of the ocular sympathetic system neurons from the hypothalamus to the cervical postganglionic fibers. We present here a case of HS that developed after heart surgery in a 9-year-old boy. Ventricular septal defect, aortic and mitral valves repair, and pacemaker implant procedures were noted in his medical records. Preganglionic HS was diagnosed with bilateral unresponsiveness to a 0.1% adrenaline and positive result in the right eye to 0.5% apraclonidine tests. HS is often related to injuries of the brain stem, upper spinal cord, lung apex tumors and lesions, aortic coarctation, cervical lesions, and carotid lesions have been reported. However, it is rare secondary to heart surgery among the pediatric age group.
The contribution of scholars to the anatomy of the eye and adnexa in islamic geography
Authors: Zor Kürşad R. , Çınaroğlu Selim , Küçük Erkut
Published: July 2021

From the early period of Islam, Muslim scholars have translated the ancient Greek medical works, and they reached a much more advanced level. Blindness was a major cause of disability in all Islamic geography, so physicians from Islamic territory, particularly Yuhanna ibn Masawayh, Hunain Ibn Ishaq, Rhazes, Ali bin Isa, Ibn-i Sina, and Ibn Al-Haitam, were particularly focused on the anatomy of the eye and diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. In this study, we aimed to report the contributions of the Muslim scholar on the anatomy of the eye and adnexa for the first time in the literature.
Patient preference and pain-reported outcomes for topical versus subtenon anesthetic for cataract surgery
Authors: Ryan Adam , Sadiq Omair , Tolley Suzanne , Wijetilleka Sidath , Williams Gwyn S.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

Cataract extraction and lens implantation is the most common surgical procedure performed worldwide, with surgeons opting for either a topical or a subtenon anesthetic in majority of cases. While complication rates and pain scores have been previously examined in a bid to determine which modality was better, patients who have had both eyes operated upon under different techniques have never previously been asked which method they prefer. We undertook this study to fill in this crucial gap in our knowledge.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective study of patients who have undergone bilateral cataract surgery with one eye operated on with topical anesthesia and the other eye with subtenon anesthesia. Patients were identified who had had surgery undertaken in the previous 6 months at Singleton Hospital, Swansea, where both eyes had been operated upon using different anesthetic techniques. Telephone interviews with these patients were performed and their pain scores recorded on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain) for both eyes, with the patients then being asked which the method of anesthetic they preferred. Statistical analysis of pain scores was compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing.

RESULTS:

One hundred and fifty-two patients in total were identified. One hundred and forty-one of the applicable patients participated in the study. Of these, 78 patients received topical anesthesia for their first operation and 63 had subtenon block for their first operation. The mean pain scores reported for surgery with topical anesthesia and subtenon block were 2.30 and 1.38, respectively. The pain data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, returning a z-score of 4.038. This result therefore suggests that patients experience statistically significantly less pain from cataract surgery when given a subtenon block. Patients expressed a preference for subtenon anesthesia, with 70% preferring subtenon block, 23% preferring topical anesthesia, and 7% having no preference.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients report less pain with subtenon anesthesia compared with topical anesthesia in cataract surgery, where both eyes were operated upon with different anesthetic techniques. This is the first study in which patients who have had both anesthetic techniques performed independently for cataract surgery have had their pain scores reported and statistically analyzed.
Patient Awareness of Oral Health and Periodontal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor of Breast Cancer
Authors: Fouad Ahmed , Patel Fatimah , Al-Thagafi Maha , Yahya Mawed , Roshdy Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem and the most frequent malignancy among women. Oral health is important and directly related to the overall general health of the body; it is dependent and related to oral health knowledge and oral hygiene behavior. Several studies have associated links between BC and periodontal disease (PD). The aim of the study was to assess oral health and periodontal disease awareness and potential risk factors of BC in a sample of Jeddah residents.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 adults with a self-answered questionnaire in the framework of a community service initiative sponsored by the Ministry of Health on the occasion of the world BC month, where the college students participated in.

Results:

In our study population, 68.68% of participants expressed proper oral hygiene awareness, while merely 42.72% identified the correct risk factors of BC. Only 12.3% had awareness of PD as a potential risk factor of BC, and their awareness was measured against their oral hygiene and periodontal health awareness, where 92.3% acknowledged the negative effect of oral hygiene neglect on the overall body health, 76.9% heard of dental plaque biofilm, and only 23.1% identified it as the causative of PD. Finally, 61.5% cleaned their teeth twice a day in accordance with the recommendations of the Saudi Dental Society.

Conclusion:

There is an urgent need for comprehensive educational programs to promote correct oral hygiene practice and educate on its positive impact on the overall body health. The knowledge and awareness on BC and PD can still rise by community services and awareness campaigns throughout the city of Jeddah.
Reducing Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Babies Less Than 30 Weeks of Gestation in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Level III
Authors: El Amouri Souher , Bystricka Alica , Paulose Amrtha , Qadir Maqbool , Khan Junaid Muhib
Published: July 2021

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is bleeding into the brain's ventricular system or around the ventricles. The etiology of IVH is multifactorial and is primarily attributed to the fragility of the germinal matrix vasculature and disturbance of cerebral blood flow. IVH is rarely present at birth. Infants born before the 30th week of gestation and weighting <1500 g at birth are at risk for this type of bleeding. The smaller and more premature, unstable infants are at the highest risk for IVH. It occurs more often in the first several days of life. This situation creates immense burden and dilemma for health-care providers mainly when challenged by family choice to withdraw support or do-not-resuscitate incompatible with country law.

Purpose:

To reduce the overall incidence of IVH to <10% among preterm babies born <30 weeks of gestation using a neuro bundle of care.

Methodology:

A quality descriptive improved project was conducted in one government sector hospital in Abu Dhabi, Level III neonatal intensive care unit. It was a retrospective study where the data were collected from 2018 to 2019. A multidisciplinary team was formed to implement the neurobundle. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic and clinical finding of the project.

Results:

Five out of 32 infants and 1 out of 17 infants developed IVH (Grade IV), respectively, in 2018 and 2019.

Conclusion:

The IVH rate in premature neonates has reduced drastically from 19% (preintervention) to 6% (postintervention) due to implementation IVH bundle and staff compliance.
Chairside endodontic management of a child with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Authors: Bariker Rajesh Hemant , Hugar Shivayogi M
Published: July 2021

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an exceptionally atypical genetic disorder characterized by heterotopic bone formation within skeletal muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues that affects one in 2 million people. A 4-year-old girl with FOP was referred to our practice with complaints of pain and discomfort in both sides of the lower jaw. Clinical examination revealed deep multiple caries and buccal gingival abscess in relation to multiple teeth. Endodontic care and conservative dental procedures were planned and performed chairside after a detailed discussion with FOP medical and dental experts. Very brief dental appointments were conducted with breaks to prevent muscle fatigue. No usage of regional anesthesia or dental dam clamps was done. The patient and her parents were counseled for oral hygiene maintenance, and periodic topical fluoride treatments were performed during successive follow-up appointments. The child is followed for 34 months post-treatment. The dental treatment modifications implemented for the present case were enough to institute good oral health and to prevent the creation of heterotopic ossifications in the maxillofacial region.
Does maternal tooth brushing-related sef-efficacy predict child's brushing adherence?
Authors: Dixit Uma B , Sehgal Priyanka R , Moorthy Lakshmi , Iyer Harikesavan
Published: July 2021

Background:

Dental plaque is a root cause of dental caries. Effective plaque control in young children can be achieved with twice-daily assisted tooth brushing. Self-efficacy relates to one's confidence in performing a task. Self-efficacy is shown to facilitate the behavior change in treatments for lifestyle diseases. The influence of maternal self-efficacy in children's oral health behaviors is less studied.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate an association between maternal tooth brushing-related self-efficacy (MTBSE) and child's brushing adherence.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in schools and included 781 mother-child dyads with children between the age group of 2 and 6 years.

Methods:

Selected mothers were asked to complete the questionnaires on sociodemographic data, mother's oral health knowledge (MOHK), tooth-brushing practices, and MTBSE. Brushing adherence was evaluated as complete adherence if the child followed twice daily assisted brushing using the toothbrush and toothpaste.

Statistical Analysis:

Nonparametric tests were used to compare the variables. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the predictors of brushing adherence.

Results:

Complete brushing adherence (assisted brushing with toothbrush and toothpaste at least twice per day) was seen only in 26.9% children. More children with complete brushing adherence were single children (P < 0.001). Children with complete brushing adherence had mothers with significantly higher MTBSE (P < 0.001). The presence/absence of siblings, MOHK, and MTBSE were found to be strong and significant predictors of brushing adherence in children.

Conclusions:

MTBSE plays a significant role in complete adherence to toothbrushing in children aged 2–6 years.
The clinical presentation and treatment of an invasive conjunctival squamous spindle cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chau-Yin , Wang Sheng-Wen , Lai Chien-Hsiung , Chuang Hui-Chieh , Lin Ying-Yu , Wang Jin-Jhe
Published: July 2021

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia represents neoplastic epithelial abnormalities of conjunctiva and cornea, ranging from squamous dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma and is both sight- and life-threatening. Squamous spindle cell carcinoma (SSCC) of conjunctiva is a rare variant with distinct behavior which is thought to be more locally aggressive. We describe an 83-year-old woman with a progressively enlarging huge SSCC in her right eye over the past 2 years. The tumor bulged out with local invasion into intraocular and orbital cavities. Wide excision of the tumor with frozen section control was performed. After surgery, topical 0.03% mitomycin C was given as adjuvant therapy. At 40-month follow-up, the lesion site showed no evidence of local recurrence. This case provides a valuable and complete experience of the clinical presentation for the progression and treatment of this rare disease.
SİYASAL KATILIM, SİYASAL İLETİŞİM VE MEDYA
Authors: SİLSÜPÜR Özer
Published: July 2021

Bireyler demokrasinin gerçekleştiği ortamlarda gerek en temel hak olan oy verme eyleminde bulunarak, gerekse de siyasi otoritenin kararlarını etkilemek, değiştirmek, istenilen sonuçların gerçekleşmesini sağlamak için faaliyetlerde bulunarak siyasal sürece dâhil olmaktadırlar. Siyasal katılım açısından önemli bir süreç olan seçim dönemleri, en basit düzeyde bireylerin hem demokratik zeminde haklarını kullanmalarına hem de ülke geleceğinde söz sahibi olmalarına imkân tanımaktadır. Siyasi karar alma aşamasında bireyler az veya çok, çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenmekte, bu doğrultuda bilgi sahibi olmakta ve yine bu faktörlerin etkisiyle karar almaktadır. Bu bağlamda bireyler siyasal katılım sürecinde; siyasal kampanyalardan, geleneksel kitle iletişim araçlarından (medya) ve sosyal medyadan etkilenerek karar almakta ve eylemde bulunmaktadırlar. Çalışmada literatür taraması yapılarak, siyasal katılım ve siyasal katılımı etkileyen faktörler detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca siyasal katılım ile siyasal iletişim, geleneksel kitle iletişim araçları ve sosyal medya konularıyla ilişki kurularak literatüre katkı sağlanmak amaçlanmıştır.
The effect of ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea on inhibiting total cholesterol on animal subjects
Authors: Sutjiatmo Afifah Bambang , Haq Fahmy Ahsanul , Al Jati Sulaeman , Vikasari Suci Nar
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia occurs when cholesterol levels in the blood increases. Traditionally, krokot (purslane, portulaca oleracea) is used to treat cardiovascular disease.

Aim: This research evaluated the effect of purslane extract to inhibit increasing of cholesterol levels.    

Methods: The ethanol extract dosage of purslane was 27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg body weight (bw) and simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg bw were used as comparisons. The anti-hyper cholesterol effect test was done by feeding a high cholesterol diet and drinks containing 0.01% propylthiouracil. The test parameters were body weight and total cholesterol levels on days 0, 7, 14, and 21.    

Results: The results showed that the extract was able to prevent the increase in body weight compared to the control group (p<0.05) and that it could inhibit the increase of total cholesterol levels at day 14 and 21 compared to control group (p<0.05) and equivalent to simvastatin (p>0.05).
Simulation training of dentists as an instrument of improving the quality of treatment
Authors: Terekhov A. B.
Published: July 2021

Simulation education is a relatively new direction, without which it is already impossible to imagine medical education at the present time. The same applies to dentistry. The results of observations confirm the feasibility of using simulation training: students become more confident in professional skills, and the number of medical errors is reduced.
Burnout Syndrome in Nursing Staff: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Kryuchkova N. Yu. , Nozdryakova L. S. , Plekhova E. V.
Published: July 2021

This paper presents statistical studies of the presence of signs and the level of formation of burnout syndrome among medical workers, and also proposes measures aimed at reducing the risk of developing emotional burnout.
Traditional and distance form of classes based on the laboratory of practical training: anonymous survey of first-year students in 2019-2020
Authors: Sapotnitsky A. V. , Zhuiko E. N. , Mironchik N. V.
Published: July 2021

A survey on preferences in the choice of forms of education is presented, the answers are analyzed, and conclusions are drawn.
Pakistan Faces External Security Threats From Afghanistan and India
Authors: Malik Zain Ul Abiden
Published: July 2021

Pakistan's insecurity and uncertainty derive primarily from the country's eastern and western borders with India and Afghanistan. The withdrawal of NATO forces from Afghanistan in December 2014 created a leadership vacuum and political instability, potentially worsening regional security, particularly in Pakistan. Pakistan also does not want Afghanistan to fall prey to foreign intervention, especially from India, as this would exacerbate Pakistan's sub-nationalism issue. Kashmir's strategic position has been a point of contention between the two countries. Kashmir is vital to both countries because it is the source of water for most of the major rivers that flow into Pakistan.  In terms of security issues with India, they are critical because the two countries have fought three wars, resulting in massive human and financial losses as well as destruction of the countries' infrastructure.
Induction Program of Teacher Training of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the Light of Standards for Elementary Teachers in Pakistan
Authors: Idris Dr Muhammad , Khan Dr. Itbar , Khan Adil
Published: July 2021

This study looked at the induction training program introduced by the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the light of National Professional Standards for Elementary Teachers (NPSET) in Pakistan. For this purpose, five necessary standards for teaching were compared with the induction training. A qualitative research design was used, 20 teacher trainees were purposively selected for detailed interview-based on five National professional Standards for Elementary Teachers in Pakistan. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis technique, the interviews were transcribed, categorize, and then thermalized. From data analysis it was found that the induction program was not based on national professional standards as the focus of induction was not on the professional development of teachers rather its focus was on content teaching. It was recommended that induction should bring some changes within its practice as this program needs to focus more on professionalism rather than content teaching and hence must focus on professionalism rather than content teaching.
Article Transforming Pedagogy: Studying the Relationship between Students’ Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement at Higher Education
Authors: Zulfqar Dr. Asia , Dr. Bashir Hussain
Published: July 2021

Recently an increasing focus has been observed on the learner-centred approaches for their role in preparing more independent and skilful graduates. Of these active learning styles, self-regulated learning has received greater attention in higher education. In this context, it is highly important to examine current state of self-regulated learning adopted by students, along with examining the gender differences and the nature of discipline in adopting self-regulated learning. Considering this situation, the prime objective of the study was to map the link between students' self-regulated learning and their academic achievement in their related disciplines, and on basis of their gender. Using the descriptive design, a quantitative survey was used to collect the data from 300 students of two public sector universities of Pakistan. A questionnaire was adopted to collect data from students to measure their level of adopted self-regulated learning and CGPA. Simple linear regression and t-test and ANOVA were applied to reach to certain results. Our findings rejected the main hypothesis that there is no impact of self-regulated learning on students’ academic achievement. Likewise, this study could not identify the difference in view of adopting self-regulated learning strategies by male and female students at higher education. However, in view of measuring SRL at faculty level, students from the faculty of science adopted self-regulated learning strategies to some extent. Next to concrete discussion in relation to these findings limitations and directions for future researches were stressed.
Role of Personal Factors in Epistemological Access to Higher Education: Comparison of Public and Private Universities in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Irfana Rasul  , Dr. Seema Arif  , Dr. Muhammad Nadeem
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to find the difference between the perceptions of students of public and private universities regarding relationship of personal factors (comprising four sub-factors (personal competency, participation in university activities, personal efforts for improvement, personal willingness) and epistemological access. A survey was held with undergraduate students of eight universities (4 public & 4 private) in Pakistan. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample that targeted 1600 under-graduate students of 6thsemester from two faculties (Information and Technology, and Business School) of 8 universities (4 private and 4 public) situated in the province of Punjab and Islamabad (Capital Territory) in Pakistan. The data were collected through a self-constructed questionnaire during the academic session ‘Fall 2018-2019.’ Data was recorded on SPSS and treated statistically; after confirmatory factor analysis, one-way ANOVA was conducted to find the difference between perceptions of students of public and private universities across 5 factors stated above. The results showed that significant difference existed between perceptions regarding provision of epistemological access among four out of five factors. In three cases (personal competency, participation in university activities and personal willingness for improvement) the perceptions of private students were better than the students of public universities, whereas, the public university students’ perceptions were better in personal efforts for improvement. It was deduced from the results of Pearson correlation that there existed a positive relationship among the mentioned constructs— personal competency, personal effort for improvement, and epistemological access. However, no significant difference was found between students of public & private universities regarding provision of epistemological access in their respective universities.
The Impact of Ethical Leadership & Civility on Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement
Authors: Alam Mahboob , GUL Fozia , IMRAN Dr. Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Purpose – This paper holds the purpose to investigate the impact of ethical leadership and civility on organizational commitment and also to explore mediating role of work engagement in the relationship. Design/methodology/approach – With questionnaire survey, the current paper uses a sample of 340 employees from manufacturing sector of Lahore Pakistan. To test the hypotheses, analysis was accomplished by using Statistical Package for Social Science Software, through confirmatory factor and regression analysis. Findings – The results revealed that ethical leadership and civility have positive impact on organizational commitment. Strong empirical support also proved that work engagement mediates the relationship between ethical leadership, civility and organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications – This study design is cross-sectional, consequently accuracy of assumption concerning causality is restrictive. Practical implications – Results of this study discovered the importance of ethical leadership behaviors which play noteworthy role in developing employees and ethical organizational culture & support to ascertain an organizational ethical environment that leads to maximize work engagement and organizational commitment. Thus, ethical leadership behaviors & civility might be the key and most suitable practices to be implemented in manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Originality/value – This paper adds to the existing ethical leadership and civility literature by identifying work engagement as an additional mediator in the relationship between ethical leadership, civility and organizational commitment
Foreign Language Teaching and Development of Language skills :A Pakistani Perspective
Authors: Mumtaz Dr. Syeda Naureen , Quraishi Dr.Uzma
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study was attempted to explore as to what extent English language teaching in Pakistan has been able to develop language skills among the target learners. The researcher intended to evaluate the limit to which the textbook helps in generating competence of all four integrated skills, especially as laid down in the standards of the National Curriculum (2006).  The purpose of this study was to create pragmatic awareness among learners, teachers and educational professionals, working in the field of English as Foreign Language. By method , it was a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were the tools used to elicit the data. The participants of this research were selected from public sector schools and organizations including, teachers, policymakers, curriculum developers, subject specialists, and students to examine the effectiveness of grade VIII’s English language textbook on students’ performance . For data analysis themes were developed, coded and summarized in a descriptive mode. The findings of this study reflected that the relevant textbook does not cater to the target learners’ future academic and professional language needs. As a solution to the problems while teaching and learning English as foreign language in Pakistan; this study also offered a model to be followed by the policy makers and practitioners in order to make the existing English language textbook more effectives in terms of foreign language teaching and learning and language skill development.
Key Words:   Foreign language acquisition, Language skills, National Curriculum( 2006)
The Scientific Case against Prescribing Insulin for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Burd John F
Published: July 2021

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are related worldwide epidemics which could be erased with the help of governments and medical communities using tools that are readily available today. Prevailing diet recommendations, which are clearly wrong, are a significant cause of both obesity and type 2 diabetes and have led to the current dire situation. According to the CDC, in the United States alone there are currently 34.2 million people with diabetes of which 30 million have type 2 diabetes. In addition, 88 million Americans have prediabetes (defined as an A1c above 5.7%) which will almost certainly progress to type 2 diabetes if not treated and reversed. The cause of insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is “glucose toxicity” as explained below, and understanding this medical term is paramount to the case against using insulin for type 2 diabetes.

Glucose reacts with all the proteins in the body leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, nearly 20% of adults with type 2 diabetes are prescribed insulin injections often in conjunction with oral pharmaceutical medications. Because people with with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, prescribing insulin is a very bad idea, since they will need an ever-increasing dosage of insulin as time passes, leading to a lifetime of insulin injections. There is only one product, Lysulin (www.lysulin.com), that targets the cause of insulin resistance and has been proven in double blind, placebo controlled clinical studies to improve insulin resistance and better cell function. The recommend initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be moderate exercise, intermittent fasting, a low calorie, low carbohydrate ketrogenic diet combined with Lysulin before instituting insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. By adhering to a ketogenic diet that includes moderate exercise, intermittent fasting and nutritional supplementation with Lysulin, diabetes can be halted and quite possibly reversed. Lysulin is a patented nutritional supplement that contains lysine, zinc, and vitamin C [1]. Double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of this nutritional supplement [2, 3].
New-onset cardiovascular risk factors following liver transplantation:
A cohort analysis in Singapore
Authors: Li Xiao Ying , Tan Hiang Keat , Loh Yet Hua
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aims of this study were to establish weight change, incidence of non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular risk factors (CvRF) in liver transplant recipients (LTRs).
Methods: Eighty-three patients whose mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 55.6 (8.4) years
(median follow-up 73 months) and who underwent their first liver transplantation (LT) at Singapore
General Hospital between February 2006 and March 2017 were included in the study. Anthropometric,
clinical and demographic data were collected retrospectively from patients’ medical records. Diabetes
mellitus (DM), hyperlipidaemia and hypertension were regarded as CvRF.
Results: Compared to baseline, mean (SD) body weight decreased significantly at 1 month post-LT
(60.8kg [11.9] versus 64.3kg [13.7], P<0.001). There was a gradual recovery of body weight thereafter,
increasing significantly at year 2 (64.3kg [12.3] vs 61.5kg [13.7], P<0.001) until year 5 (66.9kg [12.4]
vs 62.2kg [13.9], P<0.001), respectively. The prevalence of CvRF was significantly higher post-LT.
NAFLD occurred in 25.3% of LTRs and it was significantly associated with post-LT DM and
hyperlipidaemia.
Conclusion: CvRF increased significantly post-LT, and NAFLD occurred in 25.3% of LTRs. Body
weight dropped drastically within the first month post-LT, which then returned to baseline level
just before the end of first year. This novel finding suggests that nutritional intervention needs to be
tailored and individualised, based on events and time from transplant. Although long-term obesity is
a significant problem, aggressive oral or enteral nutritional supplements take precedence in the early
and immediate post-LT period, while interventions targeted at metabolic syndrome become necessary
after the first year.
Keywords: Liver transplantation, cardiovascular risk factors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity,
weight change
Asociación entre la rosácea y la enfermedad cardiometabólica
Authors: Pastore Federico
Published: July 2021

La rosácea es un trastorno inflamatorio cutáneo crónico que se manifiesta principalmente con un eritema centrofacial acompañado de episodios de exacerbación desencadenados por diferentes circunstancias. Se asocia a diferentes patologías sistémicas. La relación entre la rosácea y la enfermedad cardiometabólica continúa siendo controvertida.
Cabaran Guru dalam Melaksanakan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah (PdPR): Suatu Pemerhatian Awal
Authors: Nasir Norehan Mohd , Mansor Mahaliza Binti
Published: July 2021

Profesion perguruan adalah tunggak utama negara dalam membentuk kemenjadian insan yang cemerlang. Guru sebagai pemudahcara pengajaran berfungsi sepenuhnya untuk memastikan penyampaian ilmu yang telus dan berkualiti kepada segenap lapisan murid. Krisis kesihatan global Covid-19 yang melanda dunia hari ini telah mendatangkan pelbagai impak kepada ekonomi, sosial dan politik sesebuah negara termasuklah bidang pendidikan. Walaupun terdapat pelbagai cabaran yang dihadapi, namun kajian ini menumpukan kepada cabaran guru dalam melaksanakan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah (PdPR) dengan menggunakan sumber literatur dan kajian-kajian lepas.