bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Courtroom Accomodation: Lawyers' Use of Foreigner Talk
Authors: Closs Traugott Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

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Discourse Pragmatics vs. Prescriptive Stylistics
Authors: Yokoyama Olga T.
Published: July 2015

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On At-Causatives of Transitive Verbs in Chaha
Authors: Ueno Mieko
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Afroasiatic Languages (2001)
Syntactic Anchoring in Hausa and Coptic wh-constructions
Authors: Green Melanie , Reintges Chris H.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Afroasiatic Languages (2001)
The Vocalism of Strong Verbs in Afar
Authors: Rucart Pierre
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Afroasiatic Languages (2001)
Kinship and Spirit Terms Renewed as Classifiers of “Animate” Nouns and Their Reduced Combining Forms in Austroasiatic
Authors: Daladier Anne
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
South-East Asian Features in the Munda Languages: Evidence for the Analytic-to-Synthetic Drift of Munda
Authors: Donegan Patircia Jane , Stampe David
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
Timing Tonogenesis: Evidence from Borrowing
Authors: Ratliff Martha
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
Tone and Syllable Structure in Hakha-Lai
Authors: Hyman Larry M. , Vanbik Kenneth
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: Special Session on Tibeto-Burman and Southeast Asian Linguistics (2002)
Quantity, Causality and Temporality in Change Constructions
Authors: Broccias Cristiano
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Shoshoni Verb Classes and the Perception of Aspiration
Authors: Elzinga Dirk
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Syntactic and Semantic Valence: Morphosyntactic Evidence from Minangkabau
Authors: Fortin Catherine
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Consonant Confusability: An MEG Study
Authors: Hacquard Valentine , Walter Mary Ann
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Lexical Representation in Korean: Evidence from the Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon
Authors: Hong Sunyoung
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
On Morphological Case and Word-Order Freedom
Authors: McFadden Thomas
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Phonetic Sources of Phonological Patterns: Synchronic and Diachronic Explanations (2003)
Apical and Laminal Articulations in Hakha Lai
Authors: Maddieson Ian , VanBik Kenneth
Published: July 2015

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Assamese Verb Serialization in Functional, Areal-Typological and Diachronic Perspective
Authors: Post Mark
Published: July 2015

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Comparative Markedness and Opacity in Meskwaki Palatalization
Authors: Wier Thomas R.
Published: July 2015

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Devoicing and its Environments in Perception: Kinki Japanese, or Tokyo?
Authors: Morris Midori Y.
Published: July 2015

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Frequency and Relexicalization of Cluster Codas in Korean
Authors: Choi Youn-Jeoung
Published: July 2015

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Markedness: A Predictability-Based Approach
Authors: Hume Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

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Negation and Negative Polarity Items in Berber
Authors: Ouali Hamid
Published: July 2015

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Partial Reduplication in Some Austronesian Formosan Languages
Authors: Yeh Shih-Chi Stella
Published: July 2015

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The Interaction of Duration and Pitch in Japanese Long Vowels
Authors: Kozasa Tomoko
Published: July 2015

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ZeroMarking in French Impersonal Verbs: A Counter Trend to Clitic Morphologization?
Authors: Fonseca-Greber Bonnie B.
Published: July 2015

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A Fixed Hierarchy for Wolof Verbal Affixes
Authors: Buell Leston , Sy Mariame
Published: July 2015

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A Promotion Analysis of Wolof Relative Clauses
Authors: Torrence Harold
Published: July 2015

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Nupe Coordinate Structures: A Syntactically Heterogenous Class
Authors: Kandybowicz Jason
Published: July 2015

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The Alleged Class 2a Prefix bO in Eton: A Plural Word
Authors: Van de Velde Mark L. O.
Published: July 2015

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Ultra Long-Distance ATR Agreement in Wolof
Authors: Sy Mariame
Published: July 2015

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Generalization of Language Behaviours in a Language Delayed Child
Authors: Singer Reanne Sue
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1978), pp. 545-556
Conversion of organic wastes into fly larval biomass: bottlenecks and challenges
Authors: Pastor B. , Velasquez Y. , Gobbi P. , Rojo S.
Published: July 2015

The large volume of organic wastes and by-products produced every year usually generates environmental problems, such as water, air and soil contamination and it can be also a focus for pathogen dispersion. Sustainable waste management strategies should be developed, that can favour the value of the organic waste instead of its disposal. A sustainable strategy would be the use of the organic waste as substrate for intensive production of insect biomass. The insects associated with manure and organic waste can play a key role for the sustainable valorisation of organic waste streams as high add value products as they could be used as feed. This review is an overview of the research related with intensive insect farming of saprophagous dipteran species (flies) on manure and other organic wastes and the by-products obtained after the process. Using dipterans as recyclers of waste means that the mass-production systems of these organisms have to be efficient and competitive with other recycling systems. This review describes the possibilities of the dipterans to become active agents in waste management systems and, at the same time, an important resource of protein for feed and the main aspects and bottlenecks that have to be improved in order to achieve competitive insect farming.
Structural and physicochemical changes due to proteolytic deterioration of escamoles (Liometopum apiculatum) a traditional Mexican food
Authors: Castillo-Andrade A. , García-Barrientos R. , Ruiz-Cabrera M.A. , Rivera-Bautista C. , Pérez-Martínez J.D. , González-García R. , Fuentes-Ahumada C. , Grajales-Lagunes A.
Published: July 2015

Entomophagy or consumption of insects has significantly increased worldwide, either for pleasure or to satisfy the food needs in developing countries. There are approximately 2,000 species of edible insects distributed in 120 countries. From these 2,000 species, about 540 are located in Mexico; one of the most consumed are the escamoles. Escamoles are larvae and pupae of the ant Liometopum apiculatum. Escamoles are nutritious because of their high content of protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamin. However, during storage the quality of escamoles changes rapidly which affects the acceptability by the consumer. This loss of quality is probably a result of proteolytic activity of endogenous proteases. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify the classes of proteases in escamoles as well as to evaluate the effect of proteolytic activity on physicochemical and structural changes during storage. Proteases identification was conducted using specific inhibitors; structural changes, texture, and proteolytic activity were monitored at different days of storage. The highest proteolytic activities (P<0.05) were observed at pH 8, 9 and 10 and at 37 and 50 °C. Proteases were mainly inhibited by iodoacetic acid and soybean trypsin inhibitor showing that cysteine and serine proteases were dominant. High proteolytic activity, significant (P<0.05) reduction in texture and weight loss was observed during storage. The deterioration of escamoles was evident in analyses of images, where initial structure was lost during storage. These results indicate that different groups of proteases are associated with rapid deterioration of escamoles.
A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY TO IMPROVE DESIGN PROPOSALS OF DENTAL IMPLANTS — A DESIGN CASE STUDY
Authors: Uzcátegui G. , Dávila E. , Cerrolaza M.
Published: July 2015

Objective: To propose a methodology based on virtual simulation to assist in the design proposals of dental implants. Methods: The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the biomechanical dental implant system behavior, determining von Mises stress distribution induced by functional loads, varying parameter as load direction and geometric characteristic of the implant (taper, length, abutment angulation, thread pitch and width pitch). A final design was obtained by considering the parameters that showed improved performance. The estimated lifetime of the final design was calculated by reproducing in a virtual way the experimental fatigue test required by the ISO:14801 standards. Results: For all the studied cases, the maximum stresses were obtained in the connecting screw under oblique loads (OLs). The estimated lifetime for this critical part is at least 5 × 106cycles, which meets the requirement of the ISO:14801. In bone tissue, the largest stresses were concentrated in cortical bone, in the zone surrounding the implant, in good agreement with previous reports. Conclusions: A dental implant design was obtained and validated through a simple and efficient methodology based on the application of numerical methods and computer simulations.
A Study of Natural Pozzolan Mortars Exposed to Chlorides as a Sustainable Building Material
Authors: Laoufi Laïd , Mouli Mohamed , Senhadji Yassine
Published: July 2015

Reinforcement corrosion is caused either by chloride ions or carbonation, although chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion is the most widespread and serious problem. Moreover, the use of supplementary cementitious materials has been proposed in order to mitigate the durability problem, reduce the production costs and control the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This paper reports the results of a study conducted to investigate the influence of Algerian natural pozzolan on reinforcement corrosion in blended cement mortars exposed to chlorides. Compositions, with replacement levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of normal Portland cement by mass of cement by natural pozzolan, were investigated. The exposure solution contained a fixed concentration of 5% sodium chloride. The compressive strength, corrosion potential, corrosion current density, sorptivity, rapid chloride ion penetration, in accordance with the standard ASTM C1202-12, were determined in order to characterize the mechanical and electrochemical behavior of the mortars. It was found that the use of natural pozzolan had resulted in a significant decrease in the corrosion rate of rebars, better mechanical performances and also a resistance to penetration of chlorides ions.
Augmentation of Thermal Radiation Flux Resistance Capacity Using Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Sahu Amarjit , Hazra Moni Sankar
Published: July 2015

EIL had carried out consequence modelling for catastrophic rupture of debutanizer reflux drum of FCC unit in Haldia refinery and analyzed the mitigation measures required. The catastrophic rupture may produce thermal radiation distances due to fireball of 12.5kW/m2, which will be extending up to administrative building. It was recommended that any openings facing towards process unit should be blocked and protective measures to be taken to withstand thermal radiation of 12.5kW/m2. Therein, extensive study was carried out on the properties of the AAC blocks and it was found that they are light weight, can withstand temperature below 30000C without crumbling and have excellent fire resistance properties. Plate glass in a window can absorb some 40 to 60% of the radiation from a building fire and cannot be relied on to afford protection as large areas are liable to crack and fall out. Hence, glazed openings of the Administrative Building towards the Process Units were closed with AAC blocks of 125mm thickness. Apart from ensuring desired safety requirements and reducing spread of incident heat flux to internal parts of the building during a fire, this has also brought down the heat load on the air-conditioning system due to lower interior temperature.
Numerical Simulation of Thermal Comfort Performance in a Room with Different Insulating Materials Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Aravind Kumar A. , Nagesh Babu B. , Somya S.
Published: July 2015

Numerical simulation studies are carried out for improvement of energy efficiency in a room by with different thermal insulating materials using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study considered various building insulating materials (BIM’s) such as: (a) Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) (b) Fiber Glass (Resin bonded (RB)-Glass wool) (c) Polyurethane Foam (PUF) and (d) Cement Plaster (CP) along with composite bricklayer combination. A multi-physical 3D model room of size 2.6 m × 2.6 m × 2.6 m is created to analyze the performance of different insulating materials using CFD simulations. The experimental data of 24 hr temperature cycle of the ambient air is used for the analysis of performance of thermal comfort inside the room with the incorporation of different thickness of the insulating materials. The thickness of insulation 0.03, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 m is applied on interior side of walls and roof of the building. The study performed with different grid sensitiveness for coarse, medium and fine meshes for the improvement in the accuracy of the results. The fine grid mesh analysis is chosen to carry the further studies to compare the insulated and non-insulated condition for the thermal behavior inside the room. The result shows that the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of insulated walls are very important to be taken into account for carrying out detailed thermal analysis of buildings. The studies are carried out using commercial CFD tool of ANSYS CFX 15.0. The results of comparison shows that it is possible to maintain needed thermal comfort conditions in the room while reducing the total energy consumptions at the same time by appropriate use of BIM’s.
Leukocyte derived chemotaxin 2 (ALECT2) amyloidosis
Authors: Kulkarni Uday P , Valson Anna , Korula Anila , Mathews Vikram
Published: July 2015

We describe the first case from India of ALECT2 amyloidosis. An adult Punjabi male presented with progressive renal dysfunction and non-nephrotic range proteinuria. Serum protein electrophoresis and Immunofixation were normal, with mildly elevated serum free light chain ratio. Renal biopsy confirmed the presence of amyloid. Immunohistochemistry was negative for monoclonal light chains. Proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of ALECT2 amyloid. The present case highlights the need for confirmatory testing for typing of amyloid.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: Balletto Elisa , Mikulska Malorzata
Published: July 2015

Bacterial infections are major complications after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT). They consist mainly of bloodstream infections (BSI), followed by pneumonia and gastrointestinal infections, including typhlitis and Clostridium difficile infection. Microbiological data come mostly from BSI. Coagulase negative staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae are the most frequent pathogens causing approximately 25% of BSI each, followed by enterococci, P. aeruginosa and viridans streptococci. Bacterial pneumonia is frequent after HSCT, and Gram-negatives are predominant. Clostridium difficile infection affects approximately 15% of HSCT recipients, being more frequent in case of allogeneic than autologous HSCT.The epidemiology and the prevalence of resistant strains vary significantly between transplant centres. In some regions, multi-drug resistant Gram-negative rods are increasingly frequent. In others, vancomycin-resistant enterococci are predominant. In the era of an increasing resistance to antibiotics, the efficacy of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis and standard treatment of febrile neutropenia have been questioned. Therefore, thorough evaluation of local epidemiology is mandatory in order to decide the need for prophylaxis and the choice of the best regimen for empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia. For the latter, individualised approach has been proposed, consisting of either escalation or de-escalation strategy. De-escalation strategy is recommended is resistant bacteria should be covered upfront, mainly in patients with severe clinical presentation and previous infection or colonisation with a resistant pathogens.Non-pharmacological interventions, such as screening for resistant bacteria, applying isolation and contact precautions should be put in place in order to limit the spread of MDR bacteria. Antimicrobial stewardship program should be implemented in transplant centres.
Edwin Percy Phillips, M.A, D.Sc. (1884-1967)
Authors: Gunn M. D.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract available
The South African Species of Myrica
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

The South African species of Myrica are revised, the 19 species previously recognized being reduced to 9. One variety is elevated to specific rank, viz. M. conifera Burm.f. var.  Integra A. Chev. becomes M. Integra (A. Chev.) Killick.
The Genus Talinum (Portulacaceae) in Southern Africa
Authors: Tölken H. R.
Published: July 2015

A revision of the five species of  Talinum indigenous to South Africa has been undertaken. A key to the species is provided.
A New Species of Raphia from Northern Zululand and Southern Mozambique
Authors: Obermeyer A. A. , Strey R. G.
Published: July 2015

The Raphia Palm from northern Zululand and southern Mozambique has been known for many years as  Raphia vinifera Beauv., but an investigation of flowering material revealed that it was distinct from that species and represented a new species, which is here described as R. australis Oberm. Strey. In addition to the description, notes on the morphology, history, preservation and uses of the plant are given.
A Note on Erytlirophleum R. Br. in South Africa
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

The Natal specimens of Erytlirophleum have in the past been variously referred either to E. lasianthum Corbishley or to E. suaveolens (Guill. Perr.) Brenan  {=E. guineense G. Don). It was found that all specimens are referable to E. lasianthum and that  E. suaveolens is absent from southern Africa.  E. guineense G. Don var.  swaziense Burtt Davy was found to be a synonym of E. lasianthum. E. lasianthum and  E. africanum (Benth.) Harms are the only two species encountered in southern Africa. A synopsis of the differences between these two species is given.
Stapelieae from South Tropical Africa, V*
Authors: Leach L. C.
Published: July 2015

The generic position of Huernia verekeri Stent and some related species is discussed.  H. verekeri Stent var. pauciflora Leach is described, also several putative hybrids of H. verekeri. Three new combinations are made, viz. H. tanganyikensis (Bruce Bally) Leach  (Duvalia tanganyikensis Bruce Bally),H. procumbens (R. A. Dyer) Leach  {Duvalia procumbens R. A. Dyer) and H. andreaeana (Rauh) Leach {Duvalia andreaeana Rauh).
New and Interesting Records of African Plants
Authors: Strey R. G.
Published: July 2015

AIZOACEAE
CRUCIFERAE
Authors: Marais W.
Published: July 2015

A  New Combination in Silicularia
GRAMINEAE
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

A New Species  of Eragrostis  from South  West Africa
New and Interesting Records of South African Fungi, Part VI
Authors: Van der Westhuizen G. C. A. , Van Warmelo K. T.
Published: July 2015

Six species of fungi, recorded for the first time in South Africa, are described. The species are Gelasinospora cerealis Dowding from roots of  Eucalyptus saligna; Spegazzinia tessarthra (B. C.) Saccardo from  Zea mays; Melampsora larici-populina Klebahn from  Populus deltoides; Saccobolus depauperatus (Berk. Hr.) Phill. from horse dung;  Humicola stellata Bunce from grass hay and  Chaetomium cochliodes Palliser from garden soil.
An Ordination of the Vegetation of Ntshongweni, Natal*
Authors: Morris J. W.
Published: July 2015

The physiography, soils, climate and dense woody vegetation are briefly described for Ntshongweni, a cone-shaped hill in Natal, South Africa (29° 51' S and 30° 43' E). A primary ordination of the woody plants, based on Bray Curtis’s (1957) method, was carried out using 60 quadrats. Four stand noda were delimited and another four noda within a secondary ordination of a cluster of quadrats which could not be interpreted within the primary ordination. Edaphic and atmospheric moisture conditions and slope aspect were proposed as the main site factors correlated with species performance. Tables of density, local frequency and constancy for species occurring in each nodum were drawn up.
Conidial Nucleation in Stemphylium botryosum
Authors: Van Warmelo K. T.
Published: July 2015

Conidial nuclcation in an isolate of  Stemphylium botryosum obtained from lucerne was investigated using the HCl-Giennsa technique. Conidiophores arose as anucleate buds into which somatic nuclei migrated. After attaining varying stages of complexity the terminal cell, which was strictly monokaryotic. developed into a conidium. Division of the young conidial nucleus and subsequent cell wall formation resulted in a multicellular conidium Conidial cells contained either one, two or four nuclei. As all the conidial nuclei are derived from the single nucleus of the terminal conidiophore cell, the whole conidium is homokaryotic. There is thus no mechanism for the psrpetuation of heterokaryons through the conidia.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

A  New Comhination in Schizoglossum
LILIACEAE
Authors: Hardy D. S.
Published: July 2015

A New Aloe From South West Africa
ZAMIACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

The Cones of Encephalartos Inopinus
Cultural Characters and Carpophore Constructi of Some Poroid Hymenomycetes^
Authors: Van der Westhuizen G. C. A.
Published: July 2015

The cultural characters and construction of the carpophores of 24 species of poroid Hymenomycetes were studied. The microstructures formed in culture and oxidase reactions of the cultures were compared with the microstructures present, the construction and type of decay of the carpophores from which they were made. Fhe type of interfertility of seven species was determined. Intercollection pairings of haploid mycelia derived from single basidiospores and the technique of dikaryotizing a large haploid mycelium growing in culture by pairing it with a small dikaryotic mycelium, were used to confirm the identity of different collections of eight different species. The literature on the classification, structure and anatomy of the carpophores and pure culture studies of Hymenomycetes. was reviewed. It was found that the 24 species were distributed among nine of the groups proposed by Nobles (1958) on the basis of their cultural characters. TTie structures formed in culture were also found to be present in the carpophores so that the carpophores could also be assigned to the some groups as their cultures. The carpophores did not indicate the same relationships as the cultures however. Differences in the micromorphological characters of hyphae and in the types of hyphae present in carpophores of species in the same group were found. Differences in construction of the carpophores were noticed in species with similar types of hyphae. Micromorphological characters of hyphae and the microstructures as well as the construction of the carpophores are constant for each species. Differences and similarity of micromorphological characters and construction of carpophores of different species are not adequately conveyed by the concept of hyphal systems.
Cotton Staining caused by Crebrothecium ashbyi (= Eremothecium ashbyi) in South Africa
Authors: Marasas W. F. O.
Published: July 2015

A description is given of  Crebrothecium ashbyi (Guill.) Routien  (— Eremothecium ashbyi Guill.) which was isolated from yellow stained cotton fibres. This fungus, in association with cotton Stainer insects, caused extensive cotton staining in the Vaalharts area o f the Cape Province during 1969-1970.
THYMELAEACEAE
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

A  New Combination  in Gnidia
VITACEAE
Authors: Van der Merwe J. J. M.
Published: July 2015

N ew Combinations in Cyphostemma
The Rate of Forest Tree Growth and a Forest Ordination at Xumeni, Natal
Authors: Moll E. J. , Woods D. B.
Published: July 2015

The rate of increment in circumference at breast height of canopy tree species in the southern temperate, Mist-belt forest at Xumeni, Natal, South Africa, is very slow. The mean for all trees calculated from measurements in 1929 and 1966 is 0.201 ± 0.015 inches per year. Results from an ordination analysis of 39 plots were interpreted in terms of a successional gradient from serai sites on steep ground, characterized by  Kiggelaria africana, Xymalos monospora and  Fagara davyi,  to climax sites on flatter ground with  Podocarpus spp. Two climax types are indicated, with  P. henkelli on moist soil and  P. falcatus on drier soils.
The Flora of the Mariepskop Complex*
Authors: Van der Schijff H. P. , Schoonraad E.
Published: July 2015

The physiography, soils, climate and the main plant comnvinities found on Mariepskop. Eastern Transvaal, are briefly described; a checklist of the plants recorded is appended.
Notes on Acacia Species in Southern Africa: II
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

Some information concerning miscellaneous  Acacia  species is presented. The typification of A. galpinii Burtt Davy is discussed, attention is drawn to an unusual specimen of A. giraffae Willd. and to the seedling development of A. haematoxylon Willd., and the identity of A. inermis Marl, is discussed. The continued confusion over the identity of A. heteracantha Burch, is considered and the misapplication of this name in the literature is traced. The location of type specimens of A. spirocarpoides Engl, and of A. maras Engl, is recorded.
CUCURBITACEAE
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

A New Combination in Zehneria
An Apparatus for Facilitating the Manual Tabulation of Phytosociological Data
Authors: Müller P. J. , Werger M. J. A. , Coetzee B. J. , Edwards D. , Jarman N. G.
Published: July 2015

Attempts by various continental workers to mechanize and facilitate compilation o f Braun- Blanquet phytosociological tables from raw data are shortly reviewed and a new apparatus for this purpose is described. The apparatus consists o f a table with aluminium channels in which different headed rivets can be placed, symbolizing cover-abundance values. With this apparatus phytosociological tables can be compiled in two stages.
The Current Status of Mistbelt Mixed Podocarpus Forest in Natal
Authors: Moll E. J.
Published: July 2015

The known distribution and history of Mistbelt Mixed  Podocarpus Forest in Natal, and its utilization and destruction are discussed. It is suggested that there may be a general drying of the forest climate, which is supported by evidence from canopy tree growth and regeneration. That this generally drier period has contributed to the rapid rate of forest degradation is postulated, and the need for the immediate implementation of conservation measures to ensure the safety of a representative area of forest is stressed.
The Distribution, Abundance and Utilization of the Lala Palm, Hyphaene natalensis, in Tongaland, Natal
Authors: Moll E. J.
Published: July 2015

The distribution of the Lala Palm, Hyphaene natalensis, in Tongaland and Northern Zululand, is mapped; the Palm occupies an area of about 156 000 ha. The total number of individuals is estimated at approximately 10 500 000 and the total yield in leaves per year is estimated at about 33 000 000. The exploitation of the leaves for fibre could be an economic proposition, but communications in the region are poor and the area is extremely large. Present utilization of the Lala Palm, by the Bantu is considered.
Notes on the Vegetation of the Cape Flats
Authors: Taylor H. C.
Published: July 2015

Though the Cape Flats, adjoining Cape Town, were among the first explored parts o f South Africa, their vegetation, rapidly being altered by encroachment o f alien plants, has not been described before. In these notes, five inland and four coastal plant communities, delineated by habitat, are described; their relationships with one another and with coast-flats vegetation elsewhere are suggested. Observations on means of regeneration after fire show that the woody, tropical-derived element regenerates rapidly from coppice, while the “fynbos” or temperate sclerophyll element contains many seed-regenerating species. Succession in the fynbos is thus more complex and prolonged.
New and Interesting Records of South African Fungi, Part VIII
Authors: Papendorf M. C. , Jooste W. J.
Published: July 2015

Descriptions of the following eight fungi isolated from various habitats are given:  Achtaztomiumstrumarium Rai, Tewari Mukerji, from a leaf of Protea sp.;  Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. Hochapf. from wheat debris;  Phoma glunarum Ell. Tracy and  Phoma capitulum Pawar,Mathur Thirumalachar from leaf litter of  Acacia karroo Hayne;  Phoma jolyana Pirozynski Morgan-Jones from contaminated agar plate;  Veronaea botryosa Cifferi Montemartini,  Scytalidium lignicolum Pesante and  Rhinocladiella mansonii (Castell.) Schol-Schwarz from deterioratedcanvas;  Cerebella andropogonis Ces. from Lolium multiftorum Lam. spikelets.
A new species of Phaeoramularia (Fungi Imperfecti: Dematiaceae) from South Africa
Authors: Marasas W. F. O. , Bredell Ingrid H.
Published: July 2015

A dematiaceous Hyphomycete isolated fro n wheat and oat straw, as well as lucerne seed in South Africa, is described as Phaeoramularia kellermaniana Marasas Bred ill, sp. nov. The relationships ofP. kellermaniana to  Cladosporium resinae (Lindau) de Vries and other species of Phaeoramularia are discussed.
Notes on Acacia species in Southern Africa: IV
Authors: Ross R. H.
Published: July 2015

Information concerning miscellaneous Acacia species is presented, and a new species, A. redacta J. H. Ross, from the northern Cape Province is described.
The identity of some species of Herrnannia represented in the Linnaean, Thunberg, Bergius and Cavanilles Herbaria
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
EUPHORBIACEAE
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  EUPHORBIA
POACEAE
Authors: Loxton A. E.
Published: July 2015

A NOTE ON A POSSIBLE BIGENERIC HYBRID BETWEEN  DIGITARIA AND  ANTHEPHORA
POACEAE
Authors: Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

THE CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR TRISTACHYA SUPERBA
TURNERACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

NEW TAXA IN THE TURNERACEAE
Comments on the treatment of the Poaceae in the Prodromus einer Flora von Siidwestafrika (1970)
Authors: De Winter B. , Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract available
On concepts and techniques applied in the Ziirich-Montpellier method of vegetation survey
Authors: Werger M. J. A.
Published: July 2015

Because a wider use o f the Zurich-Montpellier method in the study of vegetation in South Africa is envisaged, an outline of concepts and techniques applied in that method is given.
Progress in the computerization of herbarium procedures
Authors: Morris J. W.
Published: July 2015

Herbarium automation projects at Cape Town (A. V. Hall), Notre Dame (T. J. Crovello), Harvard (L. I. Nevling), Ottawa (J. H. Soper), Brisbane (S. L. Everist) and the British Antarctic Survey (D. M. Greene) as well as the proposed system at New York (G. T. Prance) are described in detail. It is found that data are coded for projects involving small numbers o f specimens while, for large systems, data are entered uncoded where possible. It is noted that not one automation projecthas failed and that all users were enthusiastic about the future o f such operations.The need for a large system in South Africa is outlined and the uses to which it could be put are listed. The system planned for use is briefly described.
The Ecological Profiles Technique applied to data from Lichtenburg, South Africa
Authors: Morris J. W. , Guillerm J. -L.
Published: July 2015

The method of ecological profiles and information shared between species and ecological variables, developed in France, is described for the first time in English. Preliminary results, using the technique on Bankenveld quadrat data from Lichtenburg, Western Transvaal, are given. It is concluded that the method has great potential value for the understanding of the autecology of South African species provided that the sampling method is appropriate.
A phyt osociological classification of the vegetation of the Jack Scott Nature Reserve*
Authors: Coetzee B. J.
Published: July 2015

The vegetation of the Jack Scott Nature Reserve in the Central Bankenveld Veld Type is classified chiefly by the Braun-Blanquet Table Method. Habitat features, physiognomy, total floristic composition, differentiating species, woody plants and prominent grasses and forbs are presented for each community. Characterizing habitat features, in order of importance for the communities, are: exposure, soil texture, geology, slope, aspect, degree of rockiness and previous ploughing. The classification correlates well with the major physiographic and climatic variation in the Reserve and generally does not cut across main physiognomic types. The communities are potentially homogeneous management units.
The Acacia Senegal complex
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

A brief account of the present slate of knowledge of the species in the  Acacia senegal complex is given. A short description of each species is provided together with a key to the identification of the species. Attention is drawn to the taxonomic difficulties encountered within the complex.
The naturalized and cultivated exotic Acacia species in South Africa
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

The first species of  Acacia from Australia are thought to have been brought to the Cape in 1845. Some of the factors which are believed to have contributed to the success of the exotic Acacia species are enumerated briefly. A key to the identification of the naturalized Acacia species is provided, together with descriptions of each species and an indication of their range of distribution in our area.
The genus Acacia Miller in South Africa. I. Stipules and spines
Authors: Robbertse P. J.
Published: July 2015

A large number of seedlings and young twigs of South African  Acacia species was sectioned and the vascularization of the nodes and internodes studied. The nodes of all the species examined are trilacunate and the vascular tissue of the stipules originates from the lateral leaf traces. The Gummiferae species all have spinescent stipules, while stipules of the Vulgares species are membranous. Prickles containing no vascular tissue are found on the nodes and in some species also on the internodes of the Vulgares species. These prickles always occur on the ridges formed on the stem by leaf traces.
The typification of Lycium inerme
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

As the piotologue of Plectronia ventosa L., Mant. 1: 52 (1767), was based on discordant Oliniaceous and Rubiaceous elements, and as  P. ventosa has been typified in an Oliniaceous sense, it is no longer possible to use the name  Canthium ventosum (L.) Kuntze for a Rubiaceous plant. The correct name for the Rubiaceous plant, previously but incorrectly called C.  ventosum, is  Canthium inerme (L.f.) Kuntze, with  Lycium inerme L.f., Suppl. 150 ( 1781) as the basionym. The holotype of  Lycium inerme is housed in the Thunberg Herbarium in Uppsala.
RUTACEAE
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

A NOTE ON  VEPRIS LANCEOLATA
STERCULIACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF HERMANNIA
Umbelliferae
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

A note the identity of Conium Chaerohylloides
A quantitative description of some coast forests of Natal
Authors: Rogers Dilwyn J. , Moll Eugene J.
Published: July 2015

The stands of subtropical forest in four areas along the coast of Natal, South Africa, were sampled using five I 10 acre circular plots in each stand. A total of 101 woody species over one inch d.b.h. was encountered, with a range of 20 to 40 species per stand. Quantitative results, including numbers and sizes, are given for canopy, subcanopy, and understorey species as they occurred in these various layers. Specific size limits were used to recognize the three layers, thus putting all stands on a comparable basis. Relative basal area per acre figures ueie used as an indication of the relative dominance of the various species and layers, and the possibility of a biological principle to justify such usage is mentioned. Although the stands are complex and are seemingly heterogeneous, there are definite patterns of species behaviour, and trends aie indicated for the 10 stands and for the four forest areas. Relatively few species are dominant in each stand and the apparent diversity is mainly due to the high percentage of species that are relatively uncommon in each stand. The methods described in this paper should be applicable in a study of a broader range of Natal forests, an area from which quantitative studies have heretofore been virtually absent.lly absent.
A west-east vegetation transect through Africa south of the Tropic of Capricorn
Authors: Coetzee B. J. , Werger M. J. A.
Published: July 2015

Changes in predominant vegetation physiognomy, prominent species and physiography along the route following an I 800 km transect across southern Africa near the Tropic of Capricorn, are described. Eleven main discontinuities in the structure and Holistic composition of the vegetation along the transect are related to a climatic gradient across the Continent. Floristic variation within the main structural types is largely related to rainfall, severity of frost, soil conditions, exposure, slope and aspect. The main vegetation classes distinguished coincide largely with major differences in carrying capacity of the vegetation.
A phytosociological classification of the Rustenburg Nature Reser ve
Authors: Coetzee B. J.
Published: July 2015

I he vegetation of the Rustenburg Nature Reserve, situated on the Magaliesberg in Acocks’s (1953) Sour Bushveld veld Type ot South Africa, is classified by the Braun-Blanquet Method. Five major vegetation types, including mam subtypes, basic community types, variations and sub-variations are described floristically, physiognomically and in terms of habitat features. The vegetation is mapped at community tvpe and variation level, at a scale of 1 : 30 000.
The South African species of Hemizygia (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

The South African species of Hemizygia are reviewed and 28 species are recognized, including the following new names:  H. macrophylla (Guerke) Codd (=Syncolostemon macrophyllus Guerke),  H. pretoriae Guerke var. heterotricha Codd,  H. cinerea Codd,  H. incana Codd,  H. modesta Codd, H. parvifolia Codd, H. punctata Codd and  H. ramosa Codd.
BLECHNACEAE
Authors: Scheepers J. C. , Vorster P.
Published: July 2015

FIRST RECORD OF  STENOCHLAENA TENUIFOLIA (DESV.) MOORE FOR THE TRANSVAAL
FABACEAE: THE IDENTITY OF CALPURNIA SERICEA HARV.
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

THE IDENTITY OF CALPURNIA SERICEA HARV.
FABACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF  ORNITHOGALUM FROM THE NATAL DRAKENSBERG
MELASTOMATACEAE
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

A NEW  MEMECYLON RECORD FROM TONGALAND
Studies in the Hypoxidaceae. I. Vegetative morphology and anatomyt
Authors: Thompson M. F.
Published: July 2015

The leaf and corm morphology and anatomy of representatives of the genera  Spiloxene, Pauridia and Empodium were studied. The corms are annual and tunicated, except in the group Aquaticae of Spiloxene. They are swollen stems consisting of a number of internodes. In Spiloxene and Pauridia the roots grow from the base of the corm, while in Empodium they develop from the sides. The epidermis of the older corms is replaced by several layers of thin-walled cork. Characters of the corm coverings are used to divide  Spiloxene into six groups. Four leaf forms are recognised namely carinate, terete, canaliculate and plicate. Multicellular processes and unicellular hairs occur occasionally.The leaf stomata are paracytic. Most species have mucilage canals containing pectic compounds of mucopoly­saccharides. The vascular bundles have complete or incomplete bundle sheaths and larger bundles have sclerenchyma caps.
Hans Justus Thode (1859-1932), pioneer plant collector in the Natal Drakensberg
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

An account is given o f the life o f Hans Justus Thode (1859-1932) from the time of his arrival in Cape Town in 1885 or 1886 until his death in Durban in 1932. Thode was the pioneer plant collector of the Natal Drakensberg, but also collected wider afield in all four provinces of the Republic. His contributions to South African botany are assessed.
A note on the Stachys aethiopica Complex
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

The  Stachys aethiopica Complex is examined and a key provided to the species recognized. The com­bination  S. natalensis Hochst. var. galpinii (Briq.) Codd is effected and two new species, S. reticulata Codd and S. arachnoidea Codd are described.
The identity of Erica flavisepala
Authors: Oliver E. G. H.
Published: July 2015

The recording of a few scattered plants of  E. flavisepala Guth. Bol. among sympatric populations of two other species led to a comparison of their morphological characters. From this comparison a putative hybrid origin was indicated, thus  E. x  flavisepala Guth. Bol.=E.  thunbergii Montin  X  E. sphaerocephala Wendl.
Cytogenetic studies in the Eragrostis curvula Complex
Authors: Vorster T. B.
Published: July 2015

Cytogenetic studies were undertaken in the  Eragrostis curvula Complex. Three plants were studied at each of 16 collecting points. The overall morphology and embryo sac development of all plants were evaluated, while the chromosome number and microsporogenesis of some of the plants were also studied. The collecting points were chosen so ^s to represent a variable environment extending from the bushveld to the highveld regions of the Transvaal. It was found that the embryo sac development of the plants from the bush\eld and the highveld were, for all practical purposes, obligate diplosporic apomicts, whereas the transition area contained obligate as well as facultative diplosporic apomicts. The same pattern also held as far as the plant morphology, chromosome number and microsporogenesis were concerned.
The pollination of Canavalia virosa by Xylocopid and Magachilid bees
Authors: Stirton C. H.
Published: July 2015

The floral morphology of Canavalia virosa (Roxb). Wight Arn. is discussed in relation to pollination by Xylocopa flavorufa De Greer and  Megachile combusta Sm. It was found that the relationship between size of flower and bee influenced the type of pollinating strategy and its success. Bees smaller than M. combusta proved ineffective pollinators.
Freshwater algae of Southern Africa. IV. Some Micrasteriae from Rhodesia, including a new species
Authors: Claasen M. Isabella
Published: July 2015

Micrasterias ambadiensis (Gronblad Scott) Thomasson,  M. crux-melitensis (Ehrenberg) Hassall forma minor Turner, M. decemdentata (Nageli) Archer, M. pinnatifida (Kutzing) Ralfs var.  incudiformis West West, M. radiata Hassall var.  brasiliensis Gronblad sensu lato, and  M. tropica Nordstedt var.  tropica are discussed. A new species, M. schweickerdtii Claassen, is described.
FABACEAE
Authors: Ross J. H.
Published: July 2015

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON  ELEPHANTORRHIZA BURKEI AND  E. ELEPHANTINA
POACEAE
Authors: Du Toit P. C. V.
Published: July 2015

ODONTELYTRUM: A NEW GENERIC RECORD FOR SOUTH AFRICA
SELAGINELLACEAE (LYCOPSIDA)
Authors: Vortster P.
Published: July 2015

SELAGINELLA IMBRICATA IN THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA AREA
World climate patterns in grassland and savanna and their relation to growing seasons
Authors: Steinhorst R. Kirk , Morris J.
Published: July 2015

The climate at eleven IBP savanna or grassland study sites from five continents are described and principal components analysis is used to compare them. A multivariate linear discriminant function based on mean monthly precipitation, mean monthly temperature, latitude and altitude, is used to predict the length of the growing season at each site. At most sites, the actual and predicted start and end of the growing season agreed closely. It is concluded that growing season on a world-wide basis may be predicted fairly reliably from a small number of abiotic variables by means of a multivariate discriminant function.
Automatic classification of the highveld grassland of Lichtenburg, south-western Transvaal*
Authors: Morris J. W.
Published: July 2015

A qualitative, semi-detailed plant ecological study o f the area between 25° 54' and 26° 22' E and 26° 00' and 26° 20' S, situated around the town o f Lichtenburg in the south-western Transvaal, Sou.h Africa, is reported. Mean annual temperature o f the study area is 17 °C and annual rainfall is about 600 mm. A basic difference is recognised between the Bankenveld Land System and the CT Grassland Land System. The former is underlain by dolomite with lithosolic soils, Bankenveld vegetation and cattle ranching as the chief iar.d-use, whereas the latter is underlain by granite, Ventersdorp lavas, Dwyka tillite and surface limestone with Snorrocks, Mangano and Lichtenburg series soils, Cymbopogon-Themeda Veld vegetation and extensive cultivation of maize as the chief land-use. One hundred and ten 16 m2 quadrats were placed within each Land System by means of a stratified-random strategy. Of the 247 species encountered, nearly 100 occurred in less than six quadrats. Themeda triandra, Aristida congesta, Elionurus argenteus, Anthospermum rigidum and Justicia anagaloides were common throughout. Two association analyses were carried out and 15 final groups were interpreted out of a total of 21  groups.