bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI and Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Motia Kamaljeet , Kumar Raj , Akhai Shalom
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the impact of Industry 4.0 on various sectors, focusing on smart manufacturing, supply chain optimization, and artificial intelligence. It highlights the potential of intelligent technologies, automated processes, and data analytics to enhance production efficiency, product quality, and financial savings. The chapter also discusses the role of blockchain, predictive analytics, and IoT in improving supply chain management. Real-time data visibility, end-to-end traceability, and accurate demand projections are essential for a responsive and adaptable supply chain. Artificial intelligence, including machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, can improve operational efficiency, productivity, and innovation. The chapter provides real-world examples of Industry 4.0 technology and offers an optimistic outlook on its transformational and beneficial possibilities. It explores the challenges and possibilities, using actual examples and a thorough review of academic literature.
Eco-Smart Cities
Authors: Asrifan Andi , Murni Murni , Hermansyah Sam , Dewi Anita Candra
Published: August 2024

Smart technologies are used in urban areas to promote sustainable tourism in “Eco-Smart Cities: Sustainable Tourism Practices Enabled by Smart Technologies.” It addresses cities' environmental, social, and economic sustainability issues, particularly in tourism. Rising travel demand, communication network improvements, and smart technology breakthroughs encourage towns to adopt smart city concepts for sustainable urban growth. The chapter discusses eco-smart cities and their role in sustainable urban tourism and smart technologies. It emphasizes smart technology infrastructure and ecological principles to promote innovation, resource efficiency, and sustainable growth. The chapter discusses eco-smart cities' effects on urban tourist management and suggests solutions and studies. This chapter provides a detailed scientific literature review to explain how eco-smart communities might use smart technologies to support tourism.
The Role of Lifelong Learning in Navigating the Future of Work
Authors: Niyomves Busara , Kunacheva Noppakun , Kenaphoom Sanya
Published: August 2024

The continuous acquisition of knowledge and skills throughout one's life, encompassing both formal and informal learning experiences in diverse settings, is referred to as lifelong learning. This trend promotes both professional and personal growth because it is driven by internal motivations. The capacity to extract meaning from experiences and the deliberate effort to reflect and adjust are qualities that define lifelong learning. It necessitates continuing education and the ability to adjust as one's career changes. Participating in non-formal adult education programs and community service can foster lifelong learning. Philosophical viewpoints such as Friedrich Nietzsche's have also impacted the idea. Employees must pursue lifelong learning in order to stay competitive and grow in their careers as the workplace changes. It provides advantages like improving skills for present roles, getting ready for new chances and career changes, and keeping intellectual curiosity and work engagement.
Guideline for Developing Ecotourism in Talo Makong Dam Community, Yala Province, Thailand
Authors: Srimaca Panuwat , Phongkraphan Nattharawee , Suwanchatree Suradate , Suttikan Manus , Harinpaponwich Wasanthanawin , Voravongpitak Jarinrat
Published: August 2024

This research aims to study the potential of community-based ecotourism and study the guidelines for developing and managing community-based ecotourism in line with the Talo Makong Dam Community Yala Province. This research is quantitative research that was conducted by questionnaire. Key informants were 500 tourists. The research instruments used were questionnaires for data collection and data analysis using statistics. The results found that the potential of community tourism, the most important aspect was confidence and safety from security guards in tourism. The next most important aspect was that tourism helps generate income for the community and tourism creates jobs for people in the community. The guidelines for developing ecotourism management found that ecotourism management by the community is difficult. It is necessary to set a clear direction for development, and the locality must be an important part of managing and managing tourist attractions. There is a tourism management committee that is responsible for coordinating cooperation between local leaders and stakeholders.
Genomics in HR
Authors: Kalra Dixit , Gupta Medha , Gupta Swati , Singh Harpreet
Published: August 2024

Genomics advancements have shaken the human resources (HR) field, giving insights into employee and organizational health and an understanding of the individualized approach to medicine. This study seeks to explore the evolving trends within human resource management (HRM) and genomics by reviewing past research. It also aims to identify key themes and outline potential directions for future investigations in these fields. The current research utilized electronic Scopus databases, which include all major prior studies. This bibliometric analysis utilizes content analysis to explore the methodology, annual contribution trends, and leading countries in the research area. VOS viewer software is also used for bibliometric analysis, incorporating bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence, and co-authorship analyses, which provide various graphical representations of the research network. Furthermore, thematic mapping is conducted to identify different clusters within the topic and highlight recent contributions, where new topics emerge, and new methodologies are employed to study consumer behavior. The current study aims to compile ideas for future research and explore how genomics can be pivotal and beneficial in comprehending HRM in the modern age.
Personal Development Plans (PDPs) Supporting Employee Learning and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Patole Trupti Suresh , Sharma Swati , Sharma Kshitiz
Published: August 2024

This research examines the connection between emotional intelligence, workplace PDP, employee learning, job happiness. The study employed review research papers and finds the role of EI in PDP initiative and job satisfaction. It was found that emotional intelligence is a key factor that influences how learning activities affect job satisfaction. These findings have important implications for organizational strategies including better job performance, increased employee retention, and a happier workplace environment, and have the potential to impact organizational practices significantly. To successfully fulfill the demands of a diverse workforce in changing business contexts, organizations should cultivate a culture that supports and fosters employee development and job satisfaction.
Ensuring Privacy in Genomics and Transhumanism
Authors: Pal Gurdish
Published: August 2024

In the time of the genomics and transhumanism, protection of genetic and enhancement information represents an obvious necessity for human resources management (HRM). As identified in this chapter, there are ethical, legal, and practical issues in incorporating such information into the policies of an organisation. This increases the focus on the creation of sound protocols for the informed consent procedures, the standards of data access and control, and the policies against discrimination. This chapter shows how organisations are able to tackle the associated dilemmas of handling genetic and enhancement data responsibly by respecting employee privacy and encouraging truthful conversation. The goal of this chapter is to describe the key role of HR function in enhancing the level of trust in today's world of big data.
The Impact of Technological Advancements on Corporate Culture and Employee Well-Being
Authors: Sidhu Navpreet Kaur , Gupta Swati , Kalra Dixit
Published: August 2024

The study focuses its analysis on how advanced technology impacts organizational culture and employees' well-being. In today's world, technology with its rapid growth has been brought into the workplace wherein it plays a significant role in influencing organizational development and the employees' health. It explores the dualistic nature of technology's impact and its possibilities to enrich an organizational culture and match its norms and standards with the employee's needs. It outlines and discusses the nature and extent of advancement and its impact in aspects that cuts across the workplace based on the review of literature and case studies. New technologies like collaborative software, artificial intelligence, and remote working platforms have critically enhanced new ways of working that are more open, inclusive, and efficient. This has brought about a culture of lifelong learning which is very appropriate in the current complex business environment thereby leading to sustainability.
Enhancing Employee Engagement in Genetic Research through Effective Communication Strategies
Authors: Mongia Anupal , Saluja Aparna , Singh Harwinder
Published: August 2024

Employee engagement in genetic research is critical for fostering innovation and productivity within organizations. This study explores the role of effective communication strategies in enhancing engagement among employees involved in genetic research. Human resource management (HRM) insights are leveraged to identify key factors influencing engagement, such as clear communication of research goals, transparent sharing of findings, and fostering a collaborative work environment. The chapter highlights the importance of aligning organizational objectives with individual aspirations through targeted communication efforts. By promoting open dialogue and knowledge sharing, organizations can cultivate a culture of engagement that motivates employees to contribute actively to research endeavors.
Optimizing the Transhuman Workforce
Authors: Kaur Ravinder
Published: August 2024

In a time portrayed by fast mechanical headways, the reconciliation of innovation into the working environment has fundamentally changed the idea of work and representative encounters. This exploration examines the effect of innovation upgraded workplaces on representative efficiency and occupation satisfaction, zeroing in on the jobs of different advancements like mechanization, man-made reasoning (artificial intelligence), coordinated effort apparatuses, and ergonomic developments. By looking at how these innovations impact representatives' work proficiency, commitment, and generally satisfaction, this study plans to give a far-reaching comprehension of the advantages and difficulties related with an innovation upgraded work environment. A blended strategies approach will be used, consolidating quantitative information from representative reviews and efficiency measurements with subjective experiences from meetings and contextual investigations. Reviews will evaluate workers' view of the innovative apparatuses they use, their effect on work execution, and levels of occupation satisfaction. Efficiency measurements will be dissected to gauge changes in work result and proficiency. Interviews with representatives, chiefs, and IT experts will give a more profound comprehension of the viable ramifications and individual encounters connected with innovation use in the work environment. Contextual investigations of associations known for their high-level utilization of working environment innovation will feature best practices and normal snags. Expected results incorporate recognizing the key advances that most altogether upgrade efficiency and occupation satisfaction, understanding the elements that add to fruitful innovation reception, and revealing potential downsides, for example, innovation related pressure or reliance. The exploration will likewise investigate the job of the executives in working with a smooth progress to an innovation improved workplace and keeping a harmony between mechanical coordination and human variables. The discoveries will offer significant bits of knowledge for associations expecting to streamline their innovation systems to further develop worker execution and prosperity. Vital suggestions will be created for directors to successfully carry out and oversee innovation in the work environment, guaranteeing that mechanical upgrades lead to positive results for both the association and its representatives. This study looks to add to the more extensive conversation on the fate of work, stressing the basic job of innovation in forming useful and fulfilling workplaces.
Building Workplace Resilience Insights From Employee Engagement and Technological Enhancements
Authors: Gupta Medha , Arora Rupali , Kalra Dixit
Published: August 2024

In the dynamic and unpredictable landscape of modern organizations, cultivating resilience is crucial. Resilience can be defined as the capacity and determination to navigate adversity and recover from challenging circumstances. This quality is essential for employees, empowering them to confront and manage obstacles effectively. This study aims to delve into the concept of resilience, providing a comprehensive understanding of its significance within organizational contexts. The discussion will explore the various elements that influence resilience, shedding light on the internal and external factors that contribute to an individual's ability to withstand and rebound from stressors and setbacks. The study is grounded in secondary data, drawing insights from existing literature and previous research to construct a detailed analysis. The findings and discussions presented in this research are intended to provide valuable insights for organizational leaders and policymakers aiming to foster a resilient work environment.
Ethical Considerations for Generative AI in Social Science Research
Authors: Brown B. Anthony , Heitner Keri L.
Published: August 2024

Social science research embodies the inquiry into people as individuals and their interpersonal interactions with each other in communities and varied societies, with due consideration for their natural, technological, and constructed environments. Due to (a) the nature and composition of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research designs coupled with (b) the apparent expectations of responsible behavior from researchers (human beings), room exists for research misconduct or unethical practices. The prevalence and acceptance of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology such as ChatGPT propagate at a hyper-accelerated pace based on its potential for ease of work in many sectors, including research, particularly academic research. Journal reviewers, editors, and publishers do not possess sufficient tools to differentiate between human-written and partially or wholly AI-authored manuscripts submitted for journal publication.
From Data to Insights
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Zahid Rida , Khan Kashif Mehmood
Published: August 2024

This chapter examined the utilization of GeoAI for healthcare issues like patient demographics, socio-economic factors, health insurance coverage, and environmental conditions to enhance healthcare delivery. By analyzing population density and socio-economic data, GeoAI can optimize the placement of healthcare facilities and resources, ensuring equitable access. Environmental data, such as air and water quality, can identify regions at risk for specific health issues, guiding targeted interventions. GeoAI can address healthcare disparities by considering social determinants of health and enabling personalized treatment plans. Integrating high-quality, timely, and relevant geospatial data can allow GeoAI to facilitate accurate decision-making and resource allocation, improving patient outcomes and public health strategies. However, challenges include ensuring data privacy and security, managing technical and operational integration complexities, and requiring specialized expertise, which can be overcome with robust data governance and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Responsible Opportunities for IoT-Enabled Smart Cities With Blockchain Technology
Authors: Suman Amrit , Suman Preetam , Kumar Naween , Padhy Sasmita , Siddiqui Masood Husain
Published: August 2024

Blockchain technology is increasingly being used in various industries, including finance, healthcare, energy management, digital records, and IoT. The combination of IoT and blockchain can address privacy, security, and responsibility issues in data-driven environments. Ethical issues are discussed in this chapter, emphasizing responsible governance frameworks. Blockchain-based decentralized systems can empower residents by giving them more control over their data and increasing transparency in municipal government. Ecologically sound architecture strategies prioritize user comfort, security, modernization, and data security. Blockchain technology can address technical and administrative tasks, such as data security and sustainability issues. The advancement of blockchain technology with IoT makes smart cities more secure and user-friendly in various sectors.
Internet of Things-Based Secure Blockchain Architecture to Automate Industry in Smart City
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Sharma Rajeev , Mall Ramya
Published: August 2024

Internet of Things (IoT) has become a next- generation revolution in the field of intelligent devices. Data gathering, administration, and reduced storage are provided by IoT technology, which is essential for every application development. Conspicuously, The common things are made feasible and advanced. IoT technology can be used for industrial automation in terms of real- time monitoring of products, information management, and status assessment. Authentication, authorization, integrity, and secrecy of data are important in an industrial IoT network with millions of connected devices. Security systems including SIMON and SPECK, provide lightweight protection which can be easily exploited by a differential attack. State-of-the-art IoT systems do not provide a built-in security mechanism for data protection. Henceforth, a secure lightweight IoT based architecture incorporating wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been proposed in the current study.
Blockchain-Based IoT Computing Services in Medical Healthcare Solutions
Authors: Arunachalam Manikandan , Sidharth P. , Nair Sooraj S. , Rajiv Nikhil , Babu Rakesh Thoppaen Suresh , Sanjay T.
Published: August 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has completely changed the way patient data and healthcare monitoring are tracked and recorded. It has revolutionized the field by guaranteeing consistent, round-the-clock tracking without the need for expensive, scarce human resources and with a low chance of error. Since wearable sensors and body sensor networks enable remote diagnosis in emergency situations, the IoT facilitates communication between medical professionals and patients. However, integrating IoT into healthcare systems may result in patient privacy being violated. Blockchain technology and IoT can be integrated to improve security, transparency, interoperability, and efficiency in medical healthcare solutions. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the issues and challenges in health care systems and workable solutions through innovative computer technologies, such as blockchain and the Internet of Things.
Blockchain-Enabled Smart Health Monitoring System in WBAN
Authors: Sathya V. , Ananth A. Dennis , Rajakumaran M. , Markkandeyan S. , Venkatesan R.
Published: August 2024

The rising need for continuous health monitoring due to unhealthy lifestyles has spurred interest in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs employ biosensors worn on the body to assess various health indicators, transmitting data wirelessly to doctors for analysis while ensuring patient confidentiality. However, the limited power of biosensors necessitates energy-efficient data transmission for prolonged functionality. Moreover, ensuring data security is paramount. Blockchain technology, known for its secure and decentralized nature, offers a solution. By integrating blockchain with WBANs, or “healthchain,” data confidentiality and integrity can be preserved while facilitating efficient routing protocols. This fusion promises to revolutionize healthcare by securely storing patient data and facilitating its utilization by medical professionals.
Blockchain-Cloud Integration in Smart Healthcare Systems
Authors: Dhinakaran M. , Ratnaparkhi Archana , Shanthi K. , Somasundaram R. , Chinnusamy Somu
Published: August 2024

Blockchain and cloud computing are revolutionizing the healthcare sector, especially for the elderly population. Blockchain offers security, transparency, and scalability, while cloud computing ensures efficient, secure, and patient-centric services. Traditional healthcare systems struggle to meet the complex needs of elderly citizens, but blockchain technology can address these issues by providing transparent, immutable data storage and patient privacy. The chapter explores the integration of cloud computing in blockchain-based healthcare solutions, highlighting its potential for on-demand access, real-time data processing, and seamless collaboration among healthcare providers, caregivers, and patients. It also discusses the regulatory and ethical implications of blockchain-cloud solutions.
Factors Affecting Customers' Purchase Intention on Live Streaming Commerce
Authors: Kanchanatanee Kanokwan
Published: August 2024

Live streaming commerce creates a new paradigm for e-commerce platforms which is highly competitive between platforms. Increasing intention to purchase is as important as keeping long-term loyalty customers. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting customer intention to purchase in live streaming commerce, using a systematic literature review methodology which searched in four databases (Ebsco host, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar). The included papers are 21 peer-reviewed published in English between 2020 and 2024. The findings identified perceived persuasiveness, customer satisfaction, customer engagement, perceived price attractiveness, and perceived uncertainty as the factors affecting customer intention to purchase in live streaming commerce. The relationship between these five factors and Customers purchase intention were perceived persuasiveness, customer satisfaction; customer engagement, perceived price attractiveness have a positively affects customers purchase intention, and perceived uncertainty has a negatively affects customers purchase intention.
Factors Affecting Satisfaction and Intention to Recommend Mobile Wallet Services
Authors: Gomez Lacap Jean Paolo , Cruz-Espanol Rosemarie
Published: August 2024

This chapter aims to scrutinize the factors affecting perceived satisfaction of users towards mobile wallet services, and how perceived satisfaction leads to intention to recommend the said technology to others. The participants of the study were selected users of the leading Philippine mobile wallet, and they were identified using purposive sampling technique. Partial least squares structural equation modelling using mediation and moderation analyses was used to gauge the hypotheses of the study and causal-predictive research design was utilized. Hypothesis testing results show that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, and attitude significantly influence the level of perceived satisfaction of mobile wallet users. The findings also reveal that perceived satisfaction and trust lead to higher intention of users to recommend mobile wallet services to others. Mediation and moderation analyses were also performed, and interesting findings were presented in the chapter.
Indicator of the Digital Leadership Skill
Authors: Kaiyai Hemwadee , Kenaphoom Sanya , Pommarang Sakunthai
Published: August 2024

Businesses need to understand digital leadership competencies if they are to thrive in the digital age. The competencies of adaptability, strategic vision, digital literacy, and cybersecurity awareness enable leaders to foster innovation, drive change, and maintain a competitive advantage. By making an investment in the development of these skills, organizations can guarantee sustainable growth and manage technological disruptions with effectiveness. Digital leadership is characterized by a number of traits, including digital literacy, strategic vision, agility, flexibility, change management, cooperation, communication, data-driven decision making, innovation, and creativity.
Women in Law Enforcement
Authors: Gupta Nishtha , Raees Sameera , J. C. Sharmiladevi
Published: August 2024

This study explores the Indian viewpoint on women in law enforcement, with a particular emphasis on public attitudes and how gender diversity may improve the efficacy of the system. The study examines the general public views of women in law enforcement and the difficulties they confront; secondly, it looks into the way gender equality affects agencies' effectiveness. The primary results show that the public has a combination of misunderstandings and awareness. While some see equal chances, others continue to have preconceived notions about women. The majority of those surveyed acknowledge that gender diversity has a favourable effect on law enforcement personnel's ability to solve problems. It is shown that obstacles exist, such as ingrained biases and preconceptions, which emphasize the necessity of transforming projects. This study offers insightful information about the attitudes and difficulties encountered by women in Indian law enforcement. The results highlight how crucial it is to deal with prejudices and encourage inclusivity in order to create a more efficient and fair legal system.
Role of Human Resource Development Functions on Crisis Management
Authors: Tanchaisak Krisda , Niyomves Busara , Wattanapanit Narat , Kenaphoom Sanya
Published: August 2024

An organization's ability to bounce back from setbacks and maintain its reputation is largely dependent on how well it manages crises. Strong HRD protocols improve worker capacities and guarantee adaptability and emergency preparedness. This chapter examines the role of HRD in crisis management, focusing on the need for crisis-specific training to increase resilience through better decision-making, communication, and stress management. Through targeted interventions and real-time metrics, it addresses performance management and places a strong emphasis on leadership development for managers' crisis navigation abilities. Knowledge management is a valuable tool for applying lessons learned from previous crises, which enhances organizational readiness and HRD procedures. To sum up, HRD is essential for improving organizational resilience, crisis management, and preparedness for upcoming challenges.
Experimental Study on Concrete Strength Behavior Using Plastic Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate
Authors: Mozumder R.S. , Islam M.T. , Abedin M.M.
Published: August 2024

Waste from plastic materials is outstripped due to the growth of industrialization and urbanization. Plastic materials are non-biodegradable; decomposition is not possible all the time. The recycling of plastic materials by using them in concrete will be a great deal for plastic management. This research investigation aims to measure the optimum percentage of plastic in concrete without a reduction in concrete strength and shear behavior of reinforced concrete. Using the provision of Mix Design ACI 211.1-91, the M28 concrete grade was created. Plastic materials have been collected and passed through a No-4 sieve (4.76mm). The combination of fine aggregates and ground plastic materials (RPET, PP) in the weight fraction of fine aggregate mix (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) was used in the concrete. Concrete beams (750´150´150 mm) are reinforced with two 12 mm longitudinal steel bars in the tension zone, with proper clear cover for testing the shear capacity. In order to conduct the compressive and tensile splitting test, concrete specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 200 mm were used. The experimental findings demonstrate guidelines for using plastic as a partial replacement within 2% to 4% of fine aggregate to produce the best outcomes.
Stroke and Guillain-Barre syndrome secondary to spotted fever –A case report
Authors: Vidanagamage Anomali S. , Pathirage Sujatha , Chandrakumara Amila , De Silva Anil , Fernando Arjuna
Published: August 2024

Rickettsial infection is an important differential diagnosis in prolonged febrile illness and in returned travellers.We report a 44-year-old male from Deraniyagala, Sri Lanka, with spotted fever Rickettsiosis presenting with stroke and Guillain-Barre syndrome. He presented with dysarthria, reduced sensorium, and acute renal failure on the background of a prolonged febrile illness over two weeks. Following admission there was rapid deterioration of consciousness due to renal failure requiring intubation and repeated haemodialysis. On brain imaging, there were bilateral basal ganglia and internal and external capsule infarctions. His serology was positive for spotted fever Rickettsial infection and there was rapid improvement following treatment with doxycycline. However, difficulty in weaning off from the ventilator due to poor respiratory effort and symmetrical flaccid quadriparesis with areflexia raised concerns of concomitant Guillain-Barre syndrome. Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies showed the development of elevated CSF protein with cytoalbuminologic dissociation during his stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). A diagnosis of co-existing Guillain-Barre syndrome was supported by the neuro-physiological findings and marked motor improvement following therapeutic plasmapheresis. This unmasked the right-sided mild residual hemiparesis he suffered due to stroke.
Thrombolysis with tenecteplase in acute ischaemic stroke in a tertiary care setting in Sri Lanka: A retrospective study
Authors: Gooneratne Kishara , Vithanage Lakmal , Talagala Ishanka , Lokunarangoda Niroshan C. , Gamage Nilantha , Muthumala Nishantha P. , Rodrigo Aruna , Kosgahakumbura Jagath , Liyanage Gimhani , Perera Amandi , Ranawaka Udaya K.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:  Alteplase (ALT) is the standard thrombolytic treatment in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).  Tenecteplase (TNK) is proven to be effective in acute coronary syndrome, is relatively cheap, widely available and can easily be given as a single intravenous (IV) bolus. Despite evidence for its use, there is equivocal guidance for the use of TNK in AIS. On the background of a global reduction in stroke admissions, treatment interventions and prolonged treatment time metrics due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study highlights the experience with TNK in a tertiary care setting in Sri Lanka, during the pandemic.Objectives:  To describe the outcomes at 48 hours among stroke patients who underwent thrombolysis with TNK at District General Hospital Hambantota, Sri Lanka over a period of one year.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of adults with AIS thrombolysed with 0.25 mg/kg TNK. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was assessed on admission and at 24-hours following treatment. Patients were observed for 48-hours for potential adverse events.Results: We thrombolysed 20 consecutive patients over one-year. The baseline mean NIHSS was 9.7 (standard deviation (SD)=4.4; range 4-22), and the 24h-post thrombolysis mean NIHSS was 6.0 (SD=7.3; range 0-28).  Seventy percent (n=14) showed an improved NIHSS of at least 1-point after thrombolysis (mean difference=3.7; SD=6.46), and 55%(n=11) displayed a major clinical improvement (change in NIHSS ≥ 4). Ten percent (n=2) developed major adverse effects (one intra-cranial haemorrhage; one haemorrhagic transformation). There were no deaths.Conclusions: TNK 0.25mg/kg for the treatment of AIS appeared efficacious and safe in our case series. The limitation in this study was the low number of patients who underwent thrombolysis during the study period, as a probable effect   of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thrombolysis with TNK could be a cost-effective alternative to alteplase in resource-limited South Asian settings.
Frequency of depression and its correlation with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among adult epilepsy patients in neurology clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ratnayake Gimhani , Dissanayake Athula , Liyanage Damith , Sumanasekara Wasana , Sivanesan Pratheepa
Published: August 2024

Background: Depression is a common concern among epilepsy patients and affects individuals globally. This presents substantial clinical, social, and economic ramifications, impacting healthcare requirements, quality of life, and productivity. Despite this, comprehensive data on depression in epilepsy remain scarce for Asia, with no published studies from Sri Lanka.Objective:  This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, among adult epilepsy patients in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at teaching hospital Karapitiya, involving 413 epilepsy patients. Exclusion criteria included individuals under 18 years, presence of other neurological conditions, chronic severe medical ailments, additional psychiatric comorbidities, history of active cancer within the last five years, and current illicit drug use. Consecutive sampling was employed. Data collection utilized an interviewer-administered sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, alongside the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: The observed frequency of depression among epilepsy patients attending the clinic was 29.8%.  Among those affected, 21.3% exhibited mild depression, 5.6% moderate depression, 2.2% moderately severe depression, and 0.7% reported severe depression. The statistically significant associations with depression among epilepsy patients included recent seizure occurrence (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.009), and parenthood status (p=0.011).Conclusions: The observed frequency of depression among the study population surpassed that in the general Sri Lankan populace (4.1%). Timely identification and management of psychiatric comorbidities linked to epilepsy hold promise for optimising healthcare resource allocation in Sri Lanka.
Role of platelet autophagy in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: D'Ambrosio Luca , Forte Maurizio , Frati Giacomo , Sciarretta Sebastiano
Published: August 2024

Platelet hyperactivity leads to thrombosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events. Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays a fundamental role in platelet function, both at baseline and in response to stress. Autophagy is an intracellular mechanism devoted to the removal and recycling of damaged cytoplasmic cargoes. Basal level of autophagy ensures physiological platelet aggregation and hemostasis. Autophagy is impaired in platelets isolated from subjects at high cardiovascular risk whereas autophagy stimulation reduces platelet hyperactivity, along with an overall amelioration of oxidative stress status. In this mini-review, we explore the current literature on the role of autophagy in platelet biology and its relevance as a therapeutic target for counteracting cardiovascular diseases.
Screening for undernutrition in gastric bypass: a case study of four patients in the Marrakech Tensift Al Haouz region, Morocco
Authors: Belmoudden Hiba , Al Ibrahmi Btihaj , Bour Abdellatif
Published: August 2024

Undernutrition presents a major risk to patients’ health and well-being following gastric bypass surgery. After undergoing this surgery, the nutritional status of three women and one man was examined in this study. Follow-up visits were used to measure weight, body composition, and biological and biochemical data. After 3 months of follow-up after gastric bypass surgery, our findings revealed a reduction in muscle mass. The average loss of muscle mass was 4.375±1.470 kg. Their initial body mass index, which was 45.01 kg/m2, on average, dropped to 28.38 kg/m2. Significant drops were observed in the mean levels of albumin and pre-albumin (albumin: 38.6 g/L to 24.8 g/L, pre-albumin: 195 mg/L to 113 mg/L). In our study, patients with micronutritional deficiencies and gastric bypass demonstrated a significant and adaptive reduction in daily caloric intake. Early identification of undernutrition makes it possible to assess its severity and, as part of the patient’s overall follow-up, to implement appropriate nutritional management.
Patterns and outcomes of Emergency Pediatric Unit admissions in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital in Sokoto State, Nigeria: a five-year review
Authors: Isezuo Khadijat O. , Sani Usman M. , Waziri Usman M. , Garba Bilkisu I. , Adamu Asma’u , Jiya Fatima B. , Jibrin Baba , Adeyemo Idayat A. , Amodu-Sanni Maryam S. , Ugege Modupe O. , Umar Shamsudeen , Gusau Abubakar B.
Published: August 2024

Children are susceptible to illnesses that often require urgent medical attention, with attendant high mortality rates, especially in resource-constrained settings. Periodic audits in tertiary care facilities can guide preventive and therapeutic policies. The aim was to determine the admissions pattern and outcome over five years in the Emergency Paediatric Unit (EPU) of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, a major tertiary facility in North Western Nigeria. This was a retrospective study between January 2017 and December 2021. The admission records of children aged >1 month to 15 years were retrieved, relevant information extracted, and entered into a study proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. There were 6088 admissions. Under-fives constituted 4448 (73.1%), and males were 3558 (58.4%). The median age was 24.0 months (Interquartile Range, IQR, 12, 60). Top admissions were severe malaria (1100; 18.1%), acute diarrhoeal disease (631; 10.4%), Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) (624; 10.2%), pneumonia (547;9.0%), Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) (438;7.2%), febrile convulsions (421;6.9%), pharyngotonsillitis (402;6.6%) and sepsis (398;6.5%). Total discharges were 2483 (40.8%), 2635 (43.3%) were transferred, and mortalities were 679 (11.2%). Case fatality rates of the top admissions were sepsis (19.6%), SAM (19.4%), severe malaria (13.7%), pneumonia (10.6%), febrile convulsions (5.0%), acute diarrhoeal disease (4.9%), pharyngotonsillitis (2.5%) and SCD (2.1%). SCD was the most common non-infectious morbidity and responsible for most re-admissions. Malaria was the top cause of mortality in all age groups except infancy, where sepsis and pneumonia predominated. In conclusion, malaria and other infectious diseases accounted for most admissions. Non-communicable diseases, like SCD, also constitute significant morbidity. Hence, policymakers need to scale up targeted preventive measures.
Review of Alessandra Seggi’s Youth and Suicide in American Cinema: Context, Causes, and Consequences (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022)
Authors: Alvarez Mike F.
Published: August 2024

Despite the abundance of scholarly literature on the representation of suicide in various entertainment forms, few books exist on the subject. In the arena of film analysis, two books that immediately come to mind are Steven Stack and Barbara Bowman’s (2011) Suicide Movies: Social Patterns 1900-2009, a magisterial study that plumbs 1,158 feature-length films for causes or motives for suicide and Claire Sisco King’s (2012) Washed in Blood: Male Sacrifice, Trauma and the Cinema, which examines the cultural and ideological work done by films on heroic suicides. Whereas the former aimed for breadth, the latter aimed for depth. Though they remain relevant, the two titles are somewhat dated, so I was pleasantly surprised to receive Alessandra Seggi’s recent book, which combines breadth and depth and zeroes in on one of our most vulnerable populations: our youth. [... ]
Medical student learning on a distributed training platform in rural district hospitals
Authors: Ross Andrew J. , Nkabinde Thandaza C. , Gaede Bernhard
Published: August 2024

Background: Decentralising medical school training enhances curriculum relevance, exposing students to generalist patient care in diverse contexts.Aim: The aim of the study was to understand the student experiences of learning during their 7-week Family Medicine rural rotation.Setting: Final year medical students who had completed their Family Medicine rotation in November 2022.Methods: A qualitative study involving 24 final year students (four semi- structured interviews and four focus group discussions [4 x 5 students]). All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.Results: Analysis revealed positive learning experiences and identified the following themes: taking responsibility for learning, the generalist context, teaching and learning in context and managing the learning environment.Conclusion: Active participation in hospital activities, exposure to disorientating dilemmas that challenged assumptions and reflection on these experiences led to transformative learning and knowledge co-construction.Contribution: The study contributes to the discussion and reinforces the advantages of distributed, experiential training, highlighting the positive impact of meaningful participation and transformative learning opportunities.
Mesenchymal stem cells: A promising therapeutic avenue for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cheng Chun-Han , Hao Wen-Rui , Cheng Tzu-Hurng
Published: August 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pressing global health concern that is associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. On the basis of the insights provided by Jiang et al , this editorial presents an exploration of the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for NAFLD treatment. MSCs have numerous desirable characteristics, including immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory properties, and tissue regeneration promotion, rendering them attractive candidates for NAFLD treatment. Recent preclinical and early clinical studies have highlighted the efficacy of MSCs in improving liver function and reducing disease severity in NAFLD models. However, MSC heterogeneity, long-term safety concerns, and unoptimized therapeutic protocols remain substantial challenges. Addressing these challenges through standardized protocols and rigorous clinical trials is essential to the safe and successful application of MSCs in NAFLD management. Continued research into MSC mechanisms and therapeutic optimization is required to improve treatments for NAFLD and related liver diseases.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Zou Xiong-Fei , Zhang Bao-Zhong , Qian Wen-Wei , Cheng Florence Mei
Published: August 2024

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common neurological disorder and complete functional recovery is difficult to achieve. In recent years, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have emerged as ideal seed cells for PNI treatment due to their strong differentiation potential and autologous transplantation ability. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms by which BMSCs mediate nerve repair in PNI. The key mechanisms discussed include the differentiation of BMSCs into multiple types of nerve cells to promote repair of nerve injury. BMSCs also create a microenvironment suitable for neuronal survival and regeneration through the secretion of neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and adhesion molecules. Additionally, BMSCs release pro-angiogenic factors to promote the formation of new blood vessels. They modulate cytokine expression and regulate macrophage polarization, leading to immunomodulation. Furthermore, BMSCs synthesize and release proteins related to myelin sheath formation and axonal regeneration, thereby promoting neuronal repair and regeneration. Moreover, this review explores methods of applying BMSCs in PNI treatment, including direct cell transplantation into the injured neural tissue, implantation of BMSCs into nerve conduits providing support, and the application of genetically modified BMSCs, among others. These findings confirm the potential of BMSCs in treating PNI. However, with the development of this field, it is crucial to address issues related to BMSC therapy, including establishing standards for extracting, identifying, and cultivating BMSCs, as well as selecting application methods for BMSCs in PNI such as direct transplantation, tissue engineering, and genetic engineering. Addressing these issues will help translate current preclinical research results into clinical practice, providing new and effective treatment strategies for patients with PNI.
On-Farm Produce Safety Practices Assessment in Texas
Authors: Beiza Alberto A. , Lin Zhihong , Sirsat Sujata A.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate data from on-farm assessments to identify patterns and challenges that resulted in noncompliance to the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Sixty-nine large farms were assessed by field specialists from the Texas Department of Agriculture Office of Produce Safety by using PSR to determine non-compliance issues over a 16-month period. Large farms are defined as farms that have exceeded $500,000 in average annual produce sales over the course of a 3-year period adjusted for inflation. The results showed a total of 164 non-compliance issues related to Subpart O-Record Keeping (78/164), Subpart L-Equipment, Tools and Buildings (37/164), and Subpart C-Personnel Qualifications and Training (26/164). The assessments of Subpart O demonstrated that growers or grower contractors may perform the activities without documenting records. Examples for Subpart L include growers not cleaning and sanitizing equipment for transporting produce, and some farms did not handle handwashing wastewater effectively. Study results identified the need for training, education, or development of additional resources to specifically address underlying challenges related to non-compliance. This study is novel because the data analyzed demonstrate baseline compliance for large farms in the state of Texas.
Tissue-source effect on mesenchymal stem cells as living biodrugs for heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Safwan Moaz , Bourgleh Mariam Safwan , Aldoush Mohamed , Haider Khawaja Husnain
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as living biodrugs, have entered advanced phases of clinical assessment for cardiac function restoration in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure. While MSCs are available from diverse tissue sources, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) remain the most well-studied cell type, besides umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). The latter offers advantages, including noninvasive availability without ethical considerations.

AIM

To compare the safety and efficacy of BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs in terms of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).

METHODS

Five databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Thirteen RCTs (693 patients) were included using predefined eligibility criteria. Weighted mean differences and odds ratio (OR) for the changes in the estimated treatment effects.

RESULTS

UC-MSCs significantly improved LVEF vs controls by 5.08% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20%-7.95%] at 6 mo and 2.78% (95%CI: 0.86%-4.70%) at 12 mo. However, no significant effect was observed for BM-MSCs vs controls. No significant changes were observed in the 6MWD with either of the two cell types. Also, no differences were observed for MACEs, except rehospitalization rates, which were lower only with BM-MSCs (odds ratio 0.48, 95%CI: 0.24-0.97) vs controls.

CONCLUSION

UC-MSCs significantly improved LVEF compared with BM-MSCs. Their advantageous characteristics position them as a promising alternative to MSC-based therapy.