bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ON PHAGOCYTE AND METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF MICE BLOOD NEUTROPHILS WITH INDUCED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Mavzyutov A. R. , Knyazeva O. A. , Garafutdinov R. R. , Gabdrakhmanova A. R.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Experimental evaluation of effect of E. coli LPS fractions on phagocyte and metabolic activity of blood neutrophils of laboratory mice with induced immune deficiency. Materials and methods. Phagocyte activity was evaluated by phagocyte number (PN), phagocyte index (PI) and integral phagocyte index (IPI), intensity of metabolism and energetic processes of enzyme systems - by test of tetrazolium nitro blue (TNB), mean cytochemical coefficient (MCC) in spontaneous and induced tests and stimulation index (SI). Results. LPS-3 substance administration into mice with secondary immune deficiency has resulted in a significantly highest increase of PN (15.8%), IPI (17.7%), TNB-IN (10.3%), cytochemical coefficients MCC-IN (u.) and IS (u.) - 14.8 and 10.9%, respectively, compared with the parameters of immune deficient mice that had received licopid. Conclusion. Some fractions of E. coli M17 polysaccharide have immune stimulating activity.
MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS FOR INVESTIGATION OF HIV INFECTION TRANSMISSION
Authors: Semenov A. V. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Churina M. A. , Nikitina N. A. , Rosolovsky A. P. , Grebenkina E. V. , Tkachenko T. N. , Zhandarmova T. A. , Totolyan A. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Epidemiologic examination of the case of group HIV-1 infection based on data obtained by general diagnostics methods for confirmation of the investigation hypothesis of deliberate HIV infection during heterosexual intercourse. Materials and methods. Sera samples from 8 HIV infected patients (5 female and 3 male) from Veliky Novgorod sent for epidemiologic investigation were used. Determination was carried out based on 1285 nt sequence analysis of polymerase gene segment (pol). Results. The study allowed to identify HIV in clinical samples sent to the expertise and establish phylogenetic connections between virus isolates obtained from both target and control group patients. Analysis of the results allowed to isolate samples grouped in a separate cluster that indicates tight cordial connections between the vims isolates from clinical material of these patients. Patients of the target group were infected with HIV-1 isolate ofthe circulating recombinant form CRF03_AB from the same origin that is confirmed by high homology ofthe nucleotide sequences. Conclusion. Epidemiologic investigation of a group case of HIV-1 infection has determined that the infection of the women of the target group occurred from the same source. Phylogenetic analysis results indicate the presence of an epidemiologic connection within the examined group that confirms the HIV infection transmission and conclusions ofthe investigation. Use of molecular-phylogenetic analysis of data obtained by laboratory diagnostics methods of HIV resistance to antiretroviral preparations allows with anamnestic and investigation information (in the context of available evidence) to investigate cases of HIV infection.
AN ACCELERATED METHOD OF DIPHTHERIA GENE DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION TO DETECT DNA OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT
Authors: Borisova O. Yu. , Pimenova A. S. , Chaplin A. V. , Kafarskaya L. I. , Afanasiev S. S. , Aleshkin V. A. , Aleshkin A. V. , Afanasiev M. S. , Karaulov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Development of an accelerated method of gene diagnostics of diphtheria based on isothermal amplification for detection of DNA of the causative agent. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in typical collection strains from GKPM-Obolensk, as well as in 135 strains of C. diphtheriae isolated from bacteriological laboratories of the regions of Russian Federation and sent to the Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Strain isolation was carried out in accordance with Ml 4.2.698-98 and 4.2.3065-13. Chromosomal DNA was isolated by standard heating method, as well as using 3 commercial kits. Detection of the amplification results was carried out in horizontal electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel. Results. The developed method of gene diagnostics was established to allow detection of DNA of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains of 2 biovars, as well as DNA of non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing strains (NTTB) of C. diphtheriae mitis biovar with mechanisms of lack of expression of diphtheria toxin gene due to the presence of deletion or mobile genetic IS element in the tox gene. Non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing C. diphtheriae strain with the mechanism of lack of diphtheria toxin gene expression due to the presence of transposon in the tox gene are identified as non-toxigenic. Evaluation of the analytical sensitivity in comparative studies using 3 commercial kits for FNA isolation has shown that sensitivity reached 4.5x 101 GE/ml using Ribo-prep kit. H igh specificity of the developed method is shown, it was evaluated in 18 strains of 16 other members of the Corynebacterium genus and 20 typical strains of microorganisms isolated from oropharynx or causing infections of the respiratory tract. Approbation of the developed method was carried out in model experiments in imitators of clinical samples by infection of single-use sterile dry tampons by consecutive dilutions of the bacterial cultures (with parallel seeding into dense nutrient media) and was 103 GE/ml. Conclusion. The developed method of accelerated gene diagnostics of the diphtheria infection has a high diagnostic effectiveness, specificity and sensitivity, allows to detect 103 - 4.5x10 GE/ml C. diphtheriae in clinical material with simultaneous verification of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains.
STUDY OF TOXICITY OF SAKHABACTISUBTIL IN RATS
Authors: Neustroev M. P. , Murashev A. N. , Bondarenko D. A. , Stepanova A. M. , Tarabukina N. P.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Determine safety and potential toxic effects of Sakhabactisubtil during its multifold intra-gastric administration to CD rats. Materials and methods. Male and female CD rats (Sprague-Dawley) of various experimental groups received various doses of the preparation or saline (control group) once per day (twice for group 3 in 8 mi at 6 hours interval) intra-gastrically for 14 days. Body mass, forage use, clinical signs were determined for 14 days of the preparation administration and 14 days after cancellation in all the animals. The animals were euthanized and necropsy was carried out at days 15 and 29 of the study with extraction of organs for subsequent histological analysis. Mass of internal organs was registered during necropsy, blood samples were taken for study of hematologic and biochemical parameter evaluation. Results. Animal death and signs of toxicity were not detected during the study from administration of the tested preparation for the entire period. Statistically significant differences between groups by body mass growth, hematologic and biochemical parameters were not detected. Conclusion. Sakhabactisubtil is safe during multifold intra-gastric administration to CD rats.
PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS: PATHOGENETIC VALUE OF INNATE IMMUNITY CELLS
Authors: Somova L. M. , Plekhova N. G. , Drobot E. I. , Lyapun I. N.
Published: September 2019

Novel data on mechanisms of innate immunity during infections with pathogenic Yersiniae are summarized in the review, that was mostly determined by complex developments regarding a unique pair of genetically related causative agents Y. pseudotuberculosis/Y. pestis. Our previous studies have revealed a morphological substrate of relative granulocyte immune deficiency that determines characteristic pathomorphologic features of pseudotuberculosis. To date, evidence has been obtained, that pathogenic for human Yersinia predominately activate protective function of innate immunity cells that is an important strategy to avoid elimination and cause the disease for the bacteria. Neutrophils (PMNs) play a fundamental role in response to infection by pathogenic Yersiniae in primary immune response and limit of primary spread of bacteria that use several mechanisms of eradication ofbacteria, e.g.: phagocytosis, oxidative stress, secretory degranulation, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, efferocytosis. Infected PMNs can act as an intermediate host for consequent non-inflammatory infection of macrophages. Further elaboration of questions relating to primary anti-infection protection during Yersinia infections gives a key to understanding of immune pathogenesis of epidemic pseudotuberculosis (far Eastern scarlet-like fever) and yersiniosis in general.
GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY. APPROVING PROBIOTICS AS DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY
Authors: Karamzin A. M. , Tereshin N. M.
Published: September 2019

Once considered as a problem only in high income countries, overweight and obesity now rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. This situation accelerates the development of different approaches to investigation of obesity, makes the medical community look for new approaches to investigation of the obesity. Human’s microbiome is an imprescriptible part of it. Nevertheless it’s energetic function wasn’t fully appraised. Microbiome takes part in shorty chain fatty acids metabolism. Bacterial cells provide over 70% of daily energy for enterocytes, it’s part in general metabolism takes over 10%. ScFA can change activity of adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, stimulate leptin synthesis. Microbiome regulates synthesis of glucagon-like peptide, which has contrinsular effect. Right composition of microbiome reduces non-specific inflammation, produces isomers of linoleic acid, which can cause reduction of inflammation too. This article appraises probiotics as drugs for treatment to obesity and eradication of some conditions that can arise during obesity (atherosclerosis, hypertension, depression).
THE USE OF MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR THE DETECTION OF BACTERIAL TOXINS
Authors: Poleeva M. V. , Chemisova O. S.
Published: September 2019

Toxins - molecular weight compounds produced by microorganisms, animals, plants and possessing antigene properties. Recently due to the perceived threat of terrorist actions identification of a number of bacterial toxins is especially important. A new approach in the identification of toxins associated with the development of mass spectrometry and can be successfully used for analysis of most environmental toxins. The method of MALDI-MS allows the detection of toxins such as Shiga-toxin Escherichia coli, delta-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus particular, botulinum neurotoxin, cholera toxin. Analytical and diagnostic characteristics of the method, the simplicity and speed studies indicate the long term implementation of a method in the practice of laboratory diagnostics in determining toxinproducing of the studied microorganisms.
RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER CLINICAL STUDY OF A NEW COMBINATION VACCINE DTaP-HepB+Hib PRODUCTION OF THE CPA «MICROGEN» FOR IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN 6 MONTHS
Authors: Feldblyum I. V. , Romanenko V. V. , Nikolaeva A. M. , Subbotina K. A. , Sosnina O. Yu. , Perminova O. A. , Belyakova O. V. , Danilina T. V. , Ershov A. E. , Trofimov D. M. , Bykova E. A. , Martirosyan S. V. , Ankudinova A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The aim of the study is evaluate of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the native combined vaccine DTaP-HepB+Hib. Materials and methods. Assessment of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the drug is investigated in a multicenter, comparative, randomized, simple-blind clinical trial of immunization of children 6 months (the comparator vaccine DTaP-HepB combined vaccine, Hiberix®). Results. The native combined vaccine DTaP-HepB+Hib is characterized by good tolerability, high safety profile and a pronounced immunogenicity. In terms of seroprotection, seroconversion and geometric mean titers of antibodies comparable to that used in Russia of vaccines DTP-HBV and Hiberix®. Conclusion. Vaccine DTaP-HepB+Hib can be recommended for registration in the territory of the Russian Federation for the prevention of pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B and Hib-infection.
INFLUENCE OF YERSINIA PESTIS PLASMID CONTENT ON BIOFILM FORMATION IN FLEAS WITH DIFFERENT VECTOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Bazanova L. P. , Tokmakova E. G. , Voronova G. A. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Influence of the plague agent plasmid content on biofilm formation in vivo and death rate of fleas-vectors with different vector activity in experiment were analyzed. Materials and methods. Three Yersinia pestis strains: virulent I-3230 (pYT, pYV, pYP) and I-2638 (pYT, pYV, pYP, pTP 33), and its selected avirulent isogenic clone I-3480 lacking two plasmids (pYV, pYP) were used. Three species of fleas were artificially infected: 477 individuals of Xenopsylla cheopis (a highly active vector), 441 - Citellophilus tesquorum (an active vector), 519 - Frontopsylla lucu-lenta (a low-active vector). The peculiarities of Y. pestis biofilm formation in fleas were estimated by a portion of individuals with bacterial «conglomerates» and «blocks» for a feeding. Death rate of the insects was defined by the percent of the dead fleas at each feeding. Results. All three flea species infected by Y. pestis strains carrying an additional plasmid pTP33 (I-2638 and I-3480) demonstrated the increase of the individual number with various biofilm forms in comparison with the three-plasmid strain I-3230. In X. cheopis it occurred due to the blocked insects, in C. tesquo-rum - mainly due to the fleas containing «conglomerates», in F. luculenta it was completely connected with ectoparasites with «conglomerates». A share of X. cheopis and C. tesquorum died at a feeding was higher in ectoparasites infected with I-3230 strain and F. luculenta - infected by I-2638. Conclusion. Y. pestis strains possessing an additional replicon pTP33 formed a biofilm in the infected insects more often and larger size than a classical three-plasmid variant. Influence of the strain plasmid content on death rate of the infected fleas depended on a vector species.
COINFECTION BY HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUSES: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PATHOGENS AND PROSPECTS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
Authors: Balmasova I. P. , Sepiashvili R. I. , Slavyanskaya T. A. , Malova E. S. , Sepiashvili Ya. R.
Published: September 2019

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus and obligate companion of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The clinical significance of HDV and HBV coinfection is associated with more severe forms of acute or chronic viral hepatitis, a higher risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma compared to BGV-monoinfection. Current knowledge of the molecular biology of pathogens confirms the existence of a very complex relationship between the HBV, HDV, infected hepatocytes and cells of the immune system. Despite the fact that HBV viremia can now be controlled by using nucleoside analogues in the majority of patients, the problem of treating HDV and HBV coinfection is far from being resolved. Fundamental studies in recent years have led to significant progress in understanding the biology of HDV and provide the basis for the development and introduction into clinical practice highly effective antiviral drugs.
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING OF BLOOD CELLS OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS IMMUNIZED WITH CELLULAR WALLS OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS DIFFERENT SUBSPECIES
Authors: Balakhonov S. V. , Voitkova V. V. , Dubrovina V. I. , Korytov K. M. , Korneva A. V. , Shkaruba T. T.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the subpopulational structure of blood cells of the experimental animals immunized with cellular walls (CW) of Francisella tularensis different subspecies. Materials and methods. Total 210 certified («Vector», Novosibirsk) outbred mice were immunized with CW preparations of F. tularensis different subspecies in 95 pg protein dose. After 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days of observation the phenotypes (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD69) of blood cells were detected. Results. Dynamics of leukocyte balance in experimental animals depended on F. tularensis subspecies. All studied preparations promoted development of cellular and humoral immunity that confirmed by the increase of monocytes and B-lymphocyte, and also by the expression of CD69 activation marker. CW of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica А-61 promoted higher activation of cellular immunity in experimental animals in comparison with other preparations. Probably, exactly this factor causes its high immunogenic activity (83 % survival rate). Conclusion. On the basis of the results there is a necessity to further detailed research of CW immunogenic properties of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica А-61 as a perspective component in design of a tularemia vaccine.
THE MICROBIOTA OF LOWER AIRWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES
Authors: Mazurina S. A. , Danilina G. A. , Smirnova M. Yu. , Osipova G. L. , Gervazieva V. B. , Konischeva A. Yu. , Ospelnikova T. P.
Published: September 2019

Aim. We aimed to estimate the composition and the detection frequency of bacterial species in induced sputum samples from patients with bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and its combined phenotype (ACOS). Materials and methods. Bacteriological examination of samples of induced sputum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (BA, COPD) was carried out. Results. Patients with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome exhibit more diverse bacterial species composition as represented both by gram-positive Streptococcus sрp., Staphylococcus spр., gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Burkholderia cepacia and rodlike bacterium Corynebacterium spр., Actinomyces spр. и Tsukamurella рaurometabola as compared to patients with only one diagnosis of COPD or asthma. In addition, we revealed the differences between microbiological diversity and predominance of Streptococcus spр, Neisseria subflava with decrease of Enterococcus sрр. in samples from patients with complicated forms of obstructive lung diseases as COPD and ACOS, with pulmonary emphysema and/or pneumosclerosis. Conclusion. The biodiversity of lung microbiome could be one of the pathology risk factors in patients with chronic lung diseases, on the other hand reflecting the structural morphological changes in the lung tissue as a result of sustainable inflammation.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS BELONGING TO ETHNIC GROUPS OF CAUCASIANS AND ASIANS OF NORTH-EAST ASIA
Authors: Yuschuk N. D. , Malov I. V. , Baatarkhuu O. .. , Savilov E. D. , Malov S. I. , Rasulov R. I. , Dvornichenko V. V. , Lkhagva-Ochir T. .. , Amarsanaa J. .. , Decaens T. .. , Marche P. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The current study is aimed at determining differences of epidemiological and clinical profiles associated with HCC in patients belonging to ethnic groups of Asians from Mongolia and Caucasians from Asian region of Russia. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the cross-border regions of Mongolia and Asian part of Russia (Irkutsk region). 300 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the Caucasian and Mongolian races were enrolled in the study. The level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the serum was determined by the chemiluminescence technique. Results. The long-term dynamics of the HCC incidence shows more unfavourable trends in the territory of Mongolia compared to Irkutsk region. In both groups, male patients over 60 years of age predominated. Patients from Mongolia often have a history of jaundice and alcohol abuse. Out of the etiological factors, HCC is more often associated with the hepatitis B virus in Mongolia than in the Asian part of Russia. At the same time, in Caucasians, HCC develops primarily on the background of liver cirrhosis. In patients with HCC, AFP level higher than 20 ng / ml were significantly more frequent in the ethnic group of Caucasoids than in Mongoloids. Conclusions. Mongolia in terms of the incidence of HCC belongs to the hyperendemic regions of the world. In this country, among the risk factors for the development of the disease, hepatitis B virus plays a major role, which significantly differs from the Asian part of Russia. For the purpose of early diagnosis of HCC, it is necessary to search for new molecular markers or their combinations due to the insufficient diagnostic efficiency of AFP determination.
PRECLINICAL STUDIES OF RECOMBINANT PSEUDOMONAS VACCINE
Authors: Mihailova N. A. , Kaloshin A. A. , Zimina E. M. , Soldatenkova A. V. , Poddubikov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the three experimental lots of Recombinant Pseudomonas Vaccine. Materials and methods. The preparation contained the recombinant proteins OprF and toxoid that were purified by chromatography in nickel-sepharose. Aluminum hydroxide was used as an adjuvant. The authenticity of the vaccine components was confirmed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The concentration of endotoxin in the vaccine was determined by LAL test. The abnormal toxicity was evaluated in mice and cavy. The anaphylactic activity was evaluated in cavy. The delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction was evaluated in mice. Evaluation of the immunogenicity was carried out in an experiment with on double immunization of mice with following intraperitoneally infection by a live virulent culture of P. aeruginosa (PA-103 strain). Results. The authenticity of the vaccine, sterility, non-pyrogenicity and non-toxicity were confirmed after the studying of the quality indicators of the three lots of Recombinant Pseudomonas Vaccine. In animal experiments, the vaccine did not possess allergic properties and it was shown that it protected mice against Pseudomonas infection with Index of efficiency 3.0 and more. Conclusion. The efficacy, the safety, and the standardization of three experimental lots of the recombinant vaccine, which is intended to prevent infections caused by P. aeruginosa, have been shown.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN AND SOME MAMMALS SERA
Authors: Arzumanyan V. G. , Artemeva T. A. , Iksanova A. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Estimation of activity of native human serum and its antimicrobial peptides fraction against clinically important yeasts and comparison with the activity of some mammals sera. Materials and methods. Pooled samples of human, bovine, rabbit and mouse sera and collection strains of yeasts Candida albicans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Malassezia furfur, Cryptococcus neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, Trichosporon cutaneum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used in the study. Antimicrobial peptides fractions (AMP) were obtained by filtration through molecular filters with 100 kDa pores. Activity of sera and their AMP-fractions were estimated by spectrophotometric method. Results. Activity of native mammal sera varied in diapason 73÷89% independently from yeast genus, although AMP-fractions activity varied more significantly. The minimal sensitivity to AMP-fractions of sera demonstrated M. furfur (activity values were equal 0÷13,5%) and G. candidum (0÷6,5%), but the maximal — R. mucilaginosa (12,3÷56,4%), C. albicans (22,0÷32,9%), and C. neoformans (17,1÷29,9%). Activity values of AMP-fractions of human serum were correlated meaningfully with no of the values of other mammals (Pirson coefficient r=0,459÷0,527). Considerable correlation of the indexes took place between rabbit and bovine sera (r=0,827), as well as between rabbit and mouse sera (r = 0,753). Conclusion. The differences between AMP-fractions activity towards studied yeast genera/specia indicate the occurrence of its specificity probably related with structural organization of cytoplasmic membrane of yeast cells as well as with variations in AMP composition in different mammals.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELISAS FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF A RECOMBINANT PSEUDOMONAS VACCINE
Authors: Soldatenkova A. V. , Zimina E. M. , Kudryashova A. M. , Gavrilova N. F. , Yakovleva I. V. , Borisova O. V. , Sviridov V. V. , Mikhailova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Development and optimization of enzyme immunoassays for quality control of pseudomonas recombinant vaccine. Materials and methods. Recombinant proteins in intermediate products and for completeness of adsorption control were detected in sandwich immunoassay using specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Detection of the antigen in the vaccine was carried out on the residual amount of antibodies specific to toxoid or OprF that did not bind to the vaccine preparation during the preincubation. Results. ELISAs have been developed and optimized for the quantitative determination of the components (toxoid and membrane protein OprF) of the Pseudomonas recombinant vaccine during the production process. It has been established that: the methods are specific for the determination of toxoid and OprF, the quantitative limit determination has acceptable reliability, the possibility of choosing interpolation of the calibration dependence within the analytical area is shown, the accuracy and precision meets the acceptance criteria, the technique is stable under the conditions of the analysis. Conclusion. Methods can be used to control the quality of the drug during its developing and storage.
Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains isolated from hydroecosystems in 2016-2017 in Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Bereznyak E. A. , Trishina A. V. , Selyanskaya N. A. , Arkhangelskaya I. V. , Simonova I. R. , Ezhova M. I.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial  resistance of Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains in water bodies in Rostov-on-Don. Materials and methods. Sampling was carried out at fixed points of open reservoirs in Rostov-on-Don from May to September in 2016 and 2017. Sensitivity/resistance of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 to antibacterial  drugs (ABP) recommended for emergency prevention  and treatment of cholera was determined  by serial dilution on Müller-Hinton agar. Results. 196 strains of V. cholerae nonO1/ nonO139 were isolated in 2016, 75 — in 2017. When serotyping it was found that all strains were assigned to 17 serogroups, representatives  of O16 and O76 serogroups prevailed. Analysis of the distribution  of strains on resistance to ABP showed that sensitive strains of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 were not detected.  All microorganisms  were resistant to furazolidone.  The proportions  of isolates resistant to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin were 35.2% and 40% in 2016, and 33.6% and 28.3% in 2017 respectively. All microorganisms were distributed over ten phenotypes and were characterized  by the presence of 1 to 4 determinants of resistance. Conclusion. The resistance of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 strains isolated in Rostov-on-Don water bodies to furazolidone increased from 47% in 2011 — 2014 to 100% in 2016 — 2017. Resistance to co-trimaxazole  increased from 7.8% to 35.2 — 40%. Strains resistant to gentamicin (1.5%) earlier absent were detected in 2016.
The method to detect sIgE to thyroid peroxidase in cases of the patients with autoimmune and allergic diseases
Authors: Zubkov A. V. , Kuzmina N. S. , Mazurina S. A. , Butova L. G. , Rahmatulina N. M. , Sibgatulina N. A. , Gervazieva V. B.
Published: September 2019

Aim of this research has been to create a method to detect sIgE to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in serum of the patients with autoimmune and allergic diseases.Materials and methods. In this research native affine-purified TPO (more the 95% clean, enzyme activity 60±15 of enzyme unit per mg) with immune dominant elements only (confirmed by inhibitory ELISA) has been used. The detection of sIgE in serum, combined with TPO, was carried out with monoclonal antibodies to IgE (8E/4F4) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase.Results. In serum of patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic spontaneous urticarial sIgE to TPO has been detected in 18—21% of cases. The healthy people and the patients with autoimmune thyroiditis had no sign of sIgE to TPO in their serum.Conclusion. The detection of sIgE to TPO in cases of patients with chronic spontaneous urticarial and allergic diseases will make possible to perform the early diagnosis of thyroid autoimmune disorders and provide timely and adequate therapy.
Interferon status in estimating the therapy of bronchial asthma with immunomodulating preparations
Authors: Ospelnikova T. P. , Zarembo N. V. , Konischeva A. Yu. , Gervazieva V. B. , Osipova G. L. , Michailova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim: to investigate the violations of the interferon status and to evaluate the clinical and immunological efficacy of immunoactive drugs in patients with asthma with the justification of their use in persons with an immunocompromised viral background.Materials and methods. We examined 86 patients with atopic asthma, 67 patients with atopic BA of the lung, medium and moderate course during remission of the disease, and 19 patients with asthma exacerbation. Immunovac VP-4 was used in patients with BA in remission, interferon inducer (IFN) Cycloferon in patients with exacerbation of BA. The observation period of outpatients was 1 year, during which they monitored clinical, allergological and immunological parameters, including the assessment of interferon status with the determination of the biological activity of IFN type I and II, as well as the activity and quantitative content of type II IFN and IL-4 in the blood serum.Results. All patients with asthma, regardless of the severity of the disease, showed a pronounced decrease in the biological activity of IFN types I and II produced by the patients’ leukocytes, and a reduced potential of Th2 cells to synthesize IL-4 during remission, incomplete remission, and especially in period of exacerbation caused by ARVI.Conclusion. The inclusion of immunomodulating drugs Immunovac VP-4 and cycloferon in the complex therapy of patients with atopic asthma of light and moderate severity leads to an increase in leukocyte IFN-producing ability, a decrease in the incidence of ARVI and the number of exacerbations of the underlying disease. The use of synthetic and bacterial immunomodulators in patients with immunocompromised genesis of the disease will reduce the number of exacerbations of asthma and the frequency of respiratory viral infections.
Serological methods for detection of the causative agent of tularemia and their evaluation
Authors: Zharnikova I. V. , Efremenko V. I. , Zharnikova T. V. , Kurcheva S. A. , Kalnoy S. M. , Еfremenko D. V. , Isakova A. A. , Indenbom A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. A comparative study of serological methods for the detection of the causative agent of tularemia and their evaluation. Materials and methods. We used experimental diagnostic kits and test systems for the production of serological methods: indirect hemagglutination reaction (RGA); the reaction immunofluorescence (RIF); enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using traditional microplate; IFA after selective concentration of the pathogen of tularemia in magnoimmunosorbents (MIS); microgravimetric analysis (MGA) based on piezoresistors (SP) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The experiments were carried out with homologous strains of tularemia microbe (test strains) and with strains of heterologous microorganisms in model experiments on tap water contaminated with different concentrations of the pathogen. Results. The parameters of each diagnostic method are determined and evaluated according to the following indicators: sensitivity (when working with pure cultures (test strains), contaminated samples of large volumes), specificity, time of setting and taking into account the results, informativeness, determining the modes of setting and accounting. Conclusion. The above diagnostic methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a method, the researcher should be guided by the goals pursued. So, for screening studies it is advisable to carry out the formulation of ELISA, RIF, RGA, in identifying the pathogen in large volumes and contaminated samples, the effective use of selective concentration on MIS followed by the formulation of ELISA, to identify small amounts of samples and take into account the reaction in real time, it is possible to use MGA and SPR.
Severe cases of seasonal influenza in Russia in 2017-2018
Authors: Svyatchenko S. V. , Durymanov A. G. , Kolosova N. P. , Gudymo A. S. , Goncharova N. I. , Torzhkova P. Yu. , Bulanovich Yu. A. , Epanchintseva A. V. , Danilenko A. V. , Marchenko V. Yu. , Sysoeva A. V. , Susloparov I. M. , Tregubchak T. V. , Ryzhikov A. B. , Maksyutov R. A. , Ilicheva T. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Evaluation of herd immunity prior to the 2017-2018 influenza season, and characterization of influenza viruses isolated from severe or fatal influenza cases and from influenza cases in people vaccinated in the fall of 2017. Materials and methods. Evaluation of herd immunity in hemagglutination inhibition assay. Isolation of influenza viruses. Antigenic and genetic analysis. Results. Prior to epidemic season 33-47% of blood sera samples collected on the territory of Russia showed presence of protective antibody titers against vaccine strains of influenza A, 24-30% of samples — against B/Victoria. During 2017-2018 epidemic season 87 influenza A and B viruses were isolated. A(H1N1)pdm09 strains belonged to clade 6B.1, B/Yamagata strains to clade 3, and B/Victoria strains to clade 1A; they were antigenically similar to corresponding vaccine strains. A(H3N2) viruses belonged to clade 3C.2a and were difficult to characterize antigenically. One strain of influenza virus А(H1N1pdm09) was resistant to oseltamivir and had H275Y amino acid substitution in neuraminidase. All other isolates were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors. Conclusion. Influenza vaccination with vaccine effective against current circulating strains and treatment with neuraminidase inhibitor drugs at first manifestation of clinical signs of influenza disease are effective means of population protection against influenza.
Comparative analysis of efficiency of bacteriological and molecular-biological methods for the assessment of microbial contamination of hospital environment objects
Authors: Orlova O. A. , Semenenko T. A. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of bacteriological and molecular biological research methods to assess the microbial contamination of objects of hospital environment as factors of microbial transmission. Materials and methods. A comprehensive laboratory investigation of nosocomial environment of surgical, intensive care, hematology divisions of a large multi- disciplinary clinic during 2017 was carried out, while 215 samples were selected. Results. Microbial contamination of hospital environment facilities accounted for 54,0% when carrying out bacteriological tests and 80,0% — in conducting molecular biological studies. Between the frequency of bacteriological isolation of microorganisms and the determination of DNA of pathogens in different departments of the hospital, a strong direct correlation was revealed (r=0.92). The coincidence of the results of the two methods of research in most cases was observed at high values of the number of DNA copies (800-10000). The molecular biological method of diagnosis revealed the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus 1.9 times more often and in 19,4±7,2% lactamase (MBL) genes in major gram-negative pathogens. Conclusion. The use of molecular biological methods allows to detect microorganisms on the objects of hospital environment much more often than during bacteriological examination.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFISSIONAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: REVELANDO RELAÇÕES ENTRE IDENTIDADE E ATUAÇÃO COM BEBÊS E CRIANÇAS PEQUENAS
Authors: Martins Andressa De Oliveira , Sommerhalder Aline
Published: October 2019

Este texto origina-se de uma pesquisa de mestrado concluída. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Projeto de Extensão Universitária de formação permanente e em contexto para profissionais que atuam na Educação Infantil em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa objetivou conhecer e compreender possíveis relações entre identidade e atuação/fazeres de profissionais da Educação Infantil. De abordagem qualitativa, utilizou o grupo focal, realizado com 16 participantes do Projeto. A análise dos dados foi inspirada na análise de conteúdo. Neste texto, apresentamos resultados referentes à diretriz “Identidade”. Dentre os resultados, destacamos a relação entre saberes/ identidade/ atuação profissional. A identidade de cada um impacta a atuação profissional, considerando o jeito de ser, preferências, gostos, experiências, saberes. Esses resultados afirmam a importância de uma formação continuada de professores que inclua também as histórias de vida dos/as professores/as em exercício, considerando que os/as educadores/as são professores/as e pessoas e que suas identidades alimentam sua atuação profissional.
SISTEMA DE AVALIAÇÃO PAULISTA E ESCOLAS: DIFERENTES RELAÇÕES
Authors: Hojas Viviani Fernanda
Published: October 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as relações que as políticas produzidas no interior das escolas estabelecem com o Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP). Para o desenvolvimento da investigação, foram adotadas como referência algumas contribuições conceituais formuladas por Stephen Ball e colaboradores. Em linhas gerais, tais formulações contêm grande potencialidade para avançar em relação ao enfoque analítico estadocêntrico, na medida em que permitem operar com uma nova perspectiva de análise que deixa de focalizar apenas a ação estatal e valoriza as ações exercidas pelos profissionais que atuam nas escolas. O estudo envolveu quatro unidades escolares, pertencentes à rede estadual de ensino paulista e vinculadas a uma Diretoria de Ensino do interior de São Paulo, que foram selecionadas por atenderem níveis diferentes de ensino. Ao longo do processo investigativo, foram feitas visitas de observação, participações em reuniões e entrevistas com professores, professores-coordenadores, vice-diretores e diretores das referidas escolas. Os resultados indicaram que as escolas não tomam, necessariamente, o SARESP como o elemento norteador do trabalho escolar e, também, não desenvolvem suas práticas educativas tendo como foco principal o aumento do desempenho dos alunos nesse sistema avaliativo e o cumprimento das metas anuais.
Vasijas ceremoniales de la colección del Museo de Arqueología en Nebaj, El Quiché, Guatemala
Authors: Krzemień Magdalena
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar costumbres funerarias mayas de la Región Ixil (ubicada en la arte noroccidental de Guatemala, departamento El Quiché) enfocándose en particular en los entierros en las vasijas. Durante los estudios sobre la cerámica ceremonial de la Región Ixil, que carece de contexto arqueológico y forma parte de la colección del Museo de Arqueología en Nebaj y la colección privada, se llevó a cabo tanto la documentación descriptiva y fotográfica como el proceso de escaneo 3D de los artefactos. Gracias a las informaciones conseguidas durante el proceso de la elaboración de cerámica funeraria de los ixiles, ha sido posible analizar los datos y sacar algunas conclusiones sobre el sistema de enterramiento de esta Región en la época prehispánica, que todavía ha sido poco conocido.
Tres marcadores calendáricos en Cocotitlán, Edo. de México
Authors: Iwaniszewski Stanisław
Published: October 2019

En general las cruces punteadas o los “marcadores teotihuacanos” consisten  de un par de círculos concéntricos (a veces reemplazado por los cuadrados concéntricos) centrado en un par de ejes ortogonales, plasmados en pisos estucados o en afloramientos rocosos durante el periodo Clásico en Mesoamérica. En el artículo se estudian tres marcadores recientemente descubiertos en la región de Cocotitlán, en la parte sur de la Cuenca México. El análisis revela el significado calendárico-astronómico potencial de los arreglos de agujeros y ejes que conforman esas figuras.
The centipede in the Maya art and culture
Authors: Ciura Monika
Published: October 2019

Insects and arthropods appear in the Maya art in a rich and diverse context, suggesting their prominent significance in the culture. In the following chapters I present my research concerning the appearance of the centipede, one of the arthropods most commonly represented in the Maya iconography. I studied depictions of the centipede in the art of the Classic Period (250 A.D. - 909 A.D) and compared them with epigraphical and ethnohistorical sources in order to define the specific symbolic meaning of this animal in all contexts of its occurrence. My research focused on the centipede as part of the vision serpent complex, its connections to the Palenque triad, Sun God K’inich Ajaw and Bolon Yokte K’uh. In the conclusion, I try to establish the significance of the centipede as the animal of transition, more specifically the transition between night and day and the Underworld and our world.
El arte colonial de América Latina y los investigadores polacos. El panorama de los textos
Authors: Kubiak Ewa
Published: October 2019

El arte colonial de América Latina desde hace muchos años despertaba el interés de los investigadores polacos, tanto de los historiadores como de los teóricos del arte. Sin embargo, a pesar de su fascinación, muy a menudo aparecieron problemas relacionados con su estudio en las publicaciones polacas del siglo XX, eso fue resultado de las limitadas posibilidades de las investigaciones y de los viajes. El arte colonial interesaba las personas muy conocidas en el mundo científi co polaco como: Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Zbigniew Hornung o Jan Białostocki. También Mieczysław Porębski y Ksawery Piwocki mencionaron algunos monumentos barrocos del mundo americano como los ejemplos comparativos en su trabajo titulado Dzieje sztuki w zarysie (Compendio de la historia del arte). La lista de las publicaciones se cierra con el artículo de Przemysław Trzeciak Architektura nowożytna Ameryki Łacińskiej (Arquitectura moderna de América Latina) del año 1994, que constituye un capítulo del libro Sztuka Świata (Arte Mundial), del volumen siete. Entre los estudios mencionados los más importantes son las publicaciones de Jan Białostocki, quien fue autor de uno los textos más amplios sobre el arte colonial. Él fue también un investigador valorado por los historiadores del arte del otro lado del Atlántico y sus estudios infl uyeron en las investigaciones del arte colonial y contemporáneo de América Latina.
La persona y su identidad en la Amazonía. Problemas básicos
Authors: Kairski Mariusz
Published: October 2019

This article analyzes the concept of Person and Time among the E’ñepá (Panare) Indian people of the Venezuelan Amazon. It is related to a number of other concepts such as: humanity, the identity of beings, the idea of differences and similarities, kinship and affinity, human and animal forms, direction of time, and order and succession of time. These categories are not material in nature, and are rather processes and relations.
Perspective isomorphs – a new classification of molecular structures based on artistic and chemical concepts
Authors: Neumann Jannis , Schnurr Ansgar , Wegner Hermann A
Published: September 2019

Models are a quintessential part in research as well as for scientific communication in general. A special challenge is the visualization of the invisible, such as atoms and molecules. Visualizations are also deeply rooted in the discipline of art offering in the respect untapped potential in cross-fertilization with natural sciences. Here we show a new classification of molecular structures, so-called perspective isomorphs, applying an interdisciplinary crossing of epistemological concepts between chemistry and art. The idea is based on the notion that molecules can be classified, if they appear equivalent from one standpoint in a specific orientation. We termed such a group of such molecules perspective isomorphs. The general concept is outlined together with a nomenclature system. Furthermore, this concept has been visualized by artistic representations of molecules. The concept of perspective isomorphs and its discussions herein will extend current models and stimulate the discourse about the nature of atoms and molecules and especially their models.
ANALYSIS OF MOBILE SERVICES IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR / MOBILIŲJŲ PASLAUGŲ ANALIZĖ FINANSŲ SEKTORIUJE
Authors: Zigmantavičiūtė Evelina , Šileikienė Irma
Published: October 2019

Extensive research of mobile financial services has been conducted in digital finance, FinTech, blockchain and cryptocurrencies. These new technologies and products are changing the financial services industry. It is critically important to know how customers will accept these changes. This article aims to discuss the inclusion of Mobile services in the financial sector and how users are likely to adopt mobile financial applications (MFA). Empirical investigation was conducted into what a customer considers to be most important when using MFA and the correlation between level of income of the user and adoption of MFA in Lithuania and in Germany. The findings show that income influences the adoption of MFA in Lithuania, but has no effect in Germany. Also, the key factors of using MFA are: security, comfortability, fast performance and cost. In addition to analysing results, new recommendations are proposed to improve future mobile financial services.
The Hot Gas Exhaust of Starburst Engines in Mergers: Testing Models of Stellar Feedback and Star Formation Regulation
Authors: Smith Beverly J. , Wagstaff Peter , Struck Curtis , Soria Roberto , Dunn Brianne , Swartz Douglas , Giroux Mark L.
Published: October 2019

Using archival data from the Chandra X-ray telescope, we have measured the spatial extent of the hot interstellar gas in a sample of 49 nearby interacting galaxy pairs, mergers, and merger remnants. For systems with SFR > 1 M
☉ yr−1, the volume and mass of hot gas are strongly and linearly correlated with the star formation rate (SFR). This supports the idea that stellar/supernovae feedback dominates the production of hot gas in these galaxies. We compared the mass of X-ray-emitting hot gas M
X(gas) with the molecular and atomic hydrogen interstellar gas masses in these galaxies (

and M
H i
, respectively), using published carbon monoxide and 21 cm H i measurements. Systems with higher SFRs have larger M
X(gas)/(

+ M
H i
) ratios on average, in agreement with recent numerical simulations of star formation and feedback in merging galaxies. The M
X(gas)/(

+ M
H i
) ratio also increases with dust temperature on average. The ratio M
X(gas)/SFR is anticorrelated with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite 60–100 μm flux ratio and with the Spitzer 3.6–24 μm color. These trends may be due to variations in the spatial density of young stars, the stellar age, the ratio of young to old stars, the initial mass function, and/or the efficiency of stellar feedback. Galaxies with low SFR (<1 M
☉ yr−1) and high K band luminosities may have an excess of hot gas relative to the relation for higher SFR galaxies, while galaxies with low K band luminosities (and therefore low stellar masses) may have a deficiency in hot gas, but our sample is not large enough for strong statistical significance.