bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Watermelons on the half-plane
Authors: Nurligareev Kh D , Povolotsky A M
Published: January 2023

We study the watermelon probabilities in the uniform spanning forests on the two-dimensional semi-infinite square lattice near either the open or closed boundary to which the forests can or cannot be rooted, respectively. We derive universal power laws describing the asymptotic decay of these probabilities with the distance between the reference points growing to infinity, as well as their non-universal constant prefactors. The obtained exponents match with the previous predictions made for the related dense polymer models using the Coulomb gas technique and conformal field theory, as well as with the lattice calculations made by other authors in different settings. We also discuss the logarithmic corrections some authors argued to appear in the watermelon correlation functions on the infinite lattice. We show that the full account for diverging terms of the lattice Green function, which ensures the correct probability normalization, provides the pure power law decay in the case of semi-infinite lattice with the closed boundary studied here, as well as in the case of infinite lattice discussed elsewhere. The solution is based on the all-minors generalization of the Kirchhoff matrix tree theorem, the image method and the developed asymptotic expansion of the Kirchhoff determinants.
Robust pulse shape discrimination algorithm using canonical correlation analysis of gamma and neutron pulses
Authors: El-Shazly Ehab H. , Abdelhakim Assem
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a robust pulse shape discrimination algorithm
is proposed to classify neutron and gamma pulses in radiation
detectors. Scalogram of the induced pulses, which represent the
absolute value of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT)
coefficients in the time-frequency domain, is used as feature
descriptors. A two-dimensional principal component analysis (2D PCA)
is employed to achieve dimensionality reduction of the obtained
features and remove the redundancy in the given data. Accordingly,
dominant features are selected and stacked together to construct two
feature sets representing the two classes (neutron and
gamma). Canonical Correlation Analysis is performed between the
testing and training feature sets to find the basis vectors on which
the new projected set pairs are highly correlated. Experimental
results showed that the proposed method outperforms the other
state-of-the art PSD methods in terms the discrimination accuracy.
A sub-picosecond digital clock monitoring system
Authors: Saradhy Rohith , Frahm Erich , Mendes Eduardo B.S. , Rusack Roger
Published: January 2023

We describe a low-cost system designed to monitor wander in digital clocks with a precision of ≤ 1 ps. With this system we have shown that it is possible to track phase variations at the sub-picosecond level by adding noise to a reference clock. As in many cases where a clock is part of a complex distribution network small changes in temperature and other effects can lead to small changes in the clock's phase. As a further demonstration of the system, we have used it to measure the phase changes induced in optical signals in fibers.
Incorporation of clay minerals into magnesium phosphate bone cement for enhancing mechanical strength and bioactivity
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Zhu Yongfeng , Mu Bin , Wang Aiqin
Published: January 2023

The poor mechanical strength and bioactivity of magnesium phosphate bone cements (MPCs) are the vital defects for bone reconstruction. Clay minerals have been widely used in biomedical field due to the good reinforcing property and cytocompatibility. Here, laponite, sepiolite or halloysite were incorporated to fabricate MPCs composite, and the composition, microstructure, setting time, compressive strength, thermal stability, degradation performance, in vitro bioactivity and cell viability of MPCs composite were investigated. The results suggested that the MPCs composite possessed appropriate setting time, high mechanical strength and good thermal stability. By contrast, MPCs composite containing 3.0 wt.% of sepiolite presented the highest compressive strength (33.45 ± 2.87 MPa) and the best thermal stability. The degradation ratio of MPCs composite was slightly slower than that of MPCs, and varied in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer solution. Therefore, the obtained MPCs composite with excellent bioactivity and cell viability was expected to meet the clinical requirements for filling bone defect.
Net zero targets in science and policy
Authors: Rogelj Joeri
Published: January 2023

Since the adoption of the 2015 Paris Agreement and the publication of the 2018 Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, net zero targets have become a central feature in climate policy. This Perspective looks back at the scientific foundations of this recent policy development, the current state of play, and next frontiers for research on this topic.
A critical review of natural gas emissions certification in the United States
Authors: Garg Sankalp , Boz Deniz Ege , Gilbert Ben , Crompton Jim
Published: January 2023

Concerns about the climate and local air impacts of emissions from the oil and gas supply chain have caused a reevaluation of natural gas’ role in a low carbon future. In response, some producers, large purchasers, and investors have pushed to certify some gas deliveries as ‘responsibly-sourced’ or ‘green’, which could give rise to a differentiated gas market. Third-party oil and gas certifications have been under development for several years, however, their focus has historically been on a broader set of societal impacts and risks, and they have typically focused on the upstream sector. Recent advances have been focused on methane emissions and supply chains into the certification process. In this paper we provide a critical review of several prominent natural gas certification processes. We do so within a broader historical context of using third-party market certifications and labels to differentiate clean vs. dirty versions of commodities.
Sign inversion in the lateral van der Waals force between an anisotropic particle and a plane with a hemispherical protuberance: an exact calculation
Authors: Queiroz Lucas , Nogueira Edson C M , Alves Danilo T
Published: January 2023

We investigate the lateral van der Waals (vdW) force between an anisotropic polarizable particle and a perfectly conducting plane with a hemispherical protuberance with radius R. We predict, via an exact calculation, a sign inversion in the lateral vdW force, in the sense that, instead of pointing to the protuberance, in certain situations this force points to the opposite direction. In the literature, predictions of sign inversions in the lateral vdW force were based on perturbative solutions, valid when the height of the protuberance is very small when compared to the distance z
0 between the particle and the plane. Here, taking into account exact formulas, we investigate how such nontrivial geometric effect depends on the ratio

R

/

z
0

, and how the particle orientation and anisotropy affect this sign inversion.
The spectrum of local random Hamiltonians
Authors: Collins B , Yin Z , Zhao L , Zhong P
Published: January 2023

The spectrum of a local random Hamiltonian can be represented generically by the so-called ϵ-free convolution of the probability distributions of its local terms. We establish an isomorphism between the set of ϵ-noncrossing partitions and permutations to study its spectrum. Moreover, we derive some lower and upper bounds for the maximal eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian.
Strong entanglement criteria for mixed states, based on uncertainty relations
Authors: Manju  , Biswas Asoka , Dasgupta Shubhrangshu
Published: January 2023

We propose an entanglement criterion, specially designed for mixed states, based on uncertainty relation and the Wigner–Yanase skew information. The variances in this uncertainty relation do not involve any classical mixing uncertainty, and is therefore purely of quantum mechanical nature. We show that a large class of mixed entangled states can be characterized by our criterion. We demonstrate its utility for several generalized mixed entangled state including two-qubit and two-qutrit Werner states and it turns out, for the states discussed in this paper, to be stronger than any other known criterion in identifying the correct domain of relevant parameters for entanglement. The relevant uncertainty relation reduces to the Schrodinger–Robertson inequality for pure states.
Development of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Facilities as Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Transportation in the Losari Beach Area of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Irafany S A , Jinca M Y , Wunas S , Zamhuri M Y
Published: January 2023

Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) or non-motorized transportation is a form of sustainable transportation and environmentally friendly, reducing the environmental impact caused by transportation activities. Motor vehicle emissions cause greenhouse gas emissions and affect global warming and climate change worldwide. Walking is a form of non-motorized transportation. This research aims to determine the priority for developing Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) facilities in Makassar City, focusing on pedestrian paths that are comfortable for everyone. The research location is in the Losari Beach area to Fort Rotterdam as one of the recreational areas that are dense with the activities of the people of Makassar City. This research is descriptive quantitative, analyzing pedestrian paths availability and comfort level using a Likert scale to obtain comfort levels and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to get pedestrian path development priorities. The results showed that Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) facilities, such as pedestrian paths in Makassar City, were not maximally available, and utilization was not optimal.
Utilization of Igneous Rock as Coarse Aggregate in Asphalt Concrete Binder Course Mixture
Authors: Rangan P R , Tumpu M , Mansyur
Published: January 2023

Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, is an area that has a source of material in the form of river aggregate which was classified as igneous rock in Mata Allo River. However, the use of river stone so far has only been limited as to building materials and has not been used as coarse aggregate in asphalt mixtures. The use of river stone which had been underutilized is also based on the fact that there is no research on this aggregate. This study aims to determine the feasibility of Mata Allo River aggregate that can be used as coarse aggregate in the asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC) mixture against the Marshall test. This research was conducted by testing the characteristics of coarse aggregate based on the standards of Highways, Indonesia. The composition of the AC-BC mixture as a result of aggregate gradation were 50.00% of coarse aggregate, 45.15% of fine aggregate and 5.85% of filler, respectively. AC-BC mixture were produced using petroleum bitumen of 60/70 grade penetration at variations in asphalt content of 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, and 6.0%. Based on the results of the study, the Mata Allo River Aggregate which is classified as igneous rock is suitable for use as road material with flexible pavement construction for the AC-BC mixture resulting from laboratory testing, where the Marshall characteristic test results for the mixture meet the specifications of Bina Marga, Indonesia.
Modeling of Flood Prone Areas In The Kelara Watershed
Authors: Mustamin M R , Maricar F , Karamma R
Published: January 2023

One of the efforts to minimize the negative impacts of flooding in the Kelara Watershed is to make model flood-prone areas that can be used as an initial reference for flood disaster mitigation. The analytical method used is hydraulic analysis using 2D HECRAS numerical simulations to determine areas affected by flooding based on flood discharge at a return period of 2 - 100 years. Based on the simulation results, it is found that the discovery area for Q2 is 331.42 Ha, Q5 is 547.21 Ha, Q10 is 798.76 Ha, Q20 is 925.11 Ha, Q25 is 925.79 Ha, Q50 is 1048.48 Ha, and Q100 is 1146.71 Ha. From the results of the flood depth verification, it was also known that the flood that occurred on January 22, 2019 was approaching the 100 year return period flood and June 12, 2020, was approaching the 20 year return period flood. So from the results of mapping and field verification, it is known that the 4 affected districts are Binamu District, Kelara District, Turatea District, and Biringbulu District with the location of the worst flooding occurred in Sapanang Village, Binamu District.
Equipment Maintenance Effect on Energy Losses Reduction at Medium Voltage Distribution Network
Authors: Yusran  , Manjang S , Mukhlisah  , Suhaimah
Published: January 2023

The energy loss is one of primary problems at medium voltage distribution network. The declining quality of distribution network equipment is main factor of energy losses. The equipment maintenance has a significant correlation with energy losses reduction. This research discussed the effect of equipment maintenance on energy losses reduction at medium voltage distribution network. The research object was a feeder of 20 kV medium voltage overhead line at Bontoala Substation, Makassar. The research method was the quantitative calculation of energy losses in a month based on empirical formulas, with and without maintenance condition. The calculation was performed on three distribution network equipment: connector, transformer, and insulators. Based on the calculation results, the total energy losses without maintenance were 118,373.429 kWh. With maintenance, the value of losses can be reduced to 36,960.339 kWh or equal with 68.776% reduction. The research result shows the significant impact on equipment maintenance to distribution network energy losses.
Spatial Territoriality Characteristics in a Waterfront Slum Settlement (Case Study: Karabba Village, Makassar)
Authors: Asmal I , Gani P J A , Ridwan  , Amri N , Walenna M A
Published: January 2023

Humans use territorial behavior to meet their privacy needs while carrying out their activities. The use of spatial in slums, particularly those on the water, is extremely limited, which indirectly influences their behavior of human activities in creating their outdoor spatial as territorial space. Based on field observations, this study aims to analyze the spatial territoriality of slum settlements on the water in terms of form and characteristics, as well as gender activities. The method used is rationalistic research, with the approach being to see the truth not only from empirical data but also from interviews as part of the cognitive construction. The results show that the territorial space formed above the air is strongly influenced by the activities that occur above it, as well as the boundaries of the physical territory that are formed intentionally or unintentionally and are motivated by social and kinship characteristics that emerge as a result of the time of the activities that occur. Women’s activities are still strongly influenced by personal distance and distance from home, as well as the nature of kinship that occurs. Men are more active outside the home because they have little space for social activities, so they carry out their activities on the road. Because of their inquisitive nature, children are looking for a place for wide activity, a shady place, and other places that are not used for activities.
Land capability and carrying capacity analysis against land use change in the Motaain Border Region (Indonesia-Timor Leste)
Authors: Manaf M , Irfan U R , de Fretes R A
Published: January 2023

Changes in land use in the border regions of the Motaain state (Indonesia-Timor Leste) are caused by population growth and a variety of activities of the population. Thus, changes in land use that are not controlled affect the ability and carrying capacity of the land. Moreover, the research objective is to assess the characteristics of the region from the physical aspects of the environment to spatial changes, as a reference for controlling spatial use. The analytical methods are used population density and activity density (Kernel density); analysis of activity patterns (cluster and outlier analysis and spatial auto-correlation Moran’s I); class analysis of land capability and carrying capacity (overlay); and quantitative statistical quantitative analysis. The results of the analysis explain that from the year 2013 until 2017 the border area of the Motaain state experienced population growth and activities, these affected spatial patterns that change in land use from non-developed land to build-up land. It is also explained that overlay analysis results are more dominant land capability classes are very low as well as the carrying capacity to land that is predominantly a potential and protected development area. The difference in capability and carrying capacity to land is a product of social activities that cannot be controlled.
Prospect Analysis of Geosite at Bukit Biru Area in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan
Authors: Heriyanto  , Shodiqin M A , Sasmito K , Putri R I
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is known to the world as the “Emerald of the Equator”, because of its abundant natural wealth that includes varieties of biological and non-biological resources (geological resources) which are widely spread throughout the archipelago, both in land and water. The Bukit Biru area is known as a fertile area and holds a variety of potential, either from geodiversity, biodiversity and also cultural diversity. Based on those matters, it has the potential to become one of the areas for geotourism prospect location and make it a new creative geotourism area in Indonesia. This area has a geological condition that is dominated by structural landscapes and fluvial plains composed of Medium Sandstone units to very fine sandstone units and alluvial deposits. The research method used is a quantitative assessment of geosite and geomorphosite assessment based on the parameters of a scientific approach, educational value, economic value, conservation value and additional value. The research is divided into 3 stages, namely pre-field, field and post-field. Based on the research, there are 3 geosites, namely Bukit Biru Waterfall, Bukit Biru Summit and Taman Arum. The results of the Geosite and Geomorphosite Analysis of the Bukit Biru area are Bukit Biru Waterfall with a value of 73.3%, Bukit Biru Summit with a value of 60%, and Taman Arum with a value of 57.5%. Improvement of the infrastructure for each geosite needs an increase to create a comfortable tourist attraction as well as to improve the economy of the people in Bukit Biru area.
Flood Analysis of Bila River with Mathematical Models
Authors: Handayani R , Lopa RT , Karamma R
Published: January 2023

The Bila River is one of the rivers in South Sulawesi, especially in Sidrap Regency which almost every year experience river overflows that cause flooding in the area around the river and cause losses to the community trying to analyze the flood of the river Bila with a mathematical model. The method used is to perform hydrological calculations with the help of the HEC-HMS application and simulation of flood discharge with the help of the HEC-RAS application. The results obtained are based on the results of running the HEC-RAS application with a design flood discharge of Q20 yr = 1518.10 m3/s. Recommendations for handling the flood of the Bila. River in the short, medium, and long, namely the addition of top embankments at the point of overflow, installation of control gates on tributaries and construction of retention ponds. Short and medium term amounted to 812.57 Ha and for long term handling amounted to 829.26 Ha.
Community Capacity and Resilience in Facing The Threat of Fire Disaster (Case Study: Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar City)
Authors: Pattimahu Z , Rasyid A R , Sastrawati I , Sutopo Y K D
Published: January 2023

This research is based on the high intensity of fires in dense residential areas of Makassar City, which is caused by high vulnerability to fire and low community capacity and resilience. Barrang Lompo Island is an area with a fairly high population and density of buildings. So that the potential of fires is also likely to occur on Barrang Lompo. This study aimed to identify the level of community capacity and resilience using a community capital framework approach. The capacity stage analysis is carried out by converting qualitative data into a capacity assessment scale. Then, using expert opinion to assess the value of each variable using AHP method. Furthermore, classifying the level of Community capacity is classified using the scoring method. The results show that community capacity are classified as moderate to high, with a score of 1.89-2.31. In general, the capacity and resilience of fire, including individual capabilities, social capital, local culture, natural and physical capital, are moderate to high. Meanwhile, policy and financial aspects are quite low. In conclusion, to improve community resilience, it is recommended to improve individual preparedness through education, create a small island fire management policy, provide emergency transport and improve the local economy.
Geoelectrical resistivity and geochemical method for groundwater investigation in the coastal sediment
Authors: Azis A , Irfan U R , Alimuddin I
Published: January 2023

This research presents new investigations on the identification and mapping of heavy metals in aquifer systems using geoelectrical methods, water samples, and geochemical analyses. The subsurface was investigated using a total of three geoelectrical survey lines in the Wenner Schlumberger configuration. Six samples—three from bore wells, two from rivers, and one from the sea—were collected for additional laboratory examination in order to observe the quality of the water samples and variations in hadrochemical water samples in the research area. Soil samples collected from three different places were geochemically analysed. Cd concentration (0.94-2.42 mg/kg) was found to be higher in the northern portion of the study site, and Cr concentration (4.39-72.98 mg/kg), Ni concentration (12.11-47.69 mg/kg), and Co concentration (7,19-12,86) were found to be higher in the southern section. While Cd, Cr, Ni, and Co distribution of heavy metals are quite high in the northern and southern areas of Galesong beach, they are relatively low in the middle. A geochemical study of soil samples reveals that Cd and Cr concentrations are significantly high in the resistivity zone (<20 Ωm). The environmental resistivity value is low from the center zone to the northwest. The heavy metal zone in the aquifer system can be simply represented by the geoelectrical resistivity distribution presented in the form of a depth section, even though the resistivity value of more than 40 Ωm can be regarded as an aquifer zone.
Control of Space Utilization in Urban Coastal Area, Case Study in Sapolohe Village, Bontobahari District, Bulukumba Regency
Authors: Dewi N , Akil A , Sutomo S T
Published: January 2023

The establishment of the Bontobahari Sub-district as the center of a coastal tourism area, especially the Bira Coastal area, has an impact on the increasing number of traffic activities and infrastucture development in several areas. One of them is the coastal area in Sapolohe Village. The objective of this research is to identify the forms of discrepancies in space utilization, to determine the factors that cause the discrepancies in space utilization, and to identify the management of control over the space utilization. This research was conducted from August to October 2020 in Sapolohe Village, Bontobahari District, Bulukumba Regency. The data were obtained from literature studies, field observations, questionnaires, interviews, visual materials or documentations, and map overlays. The analysis was carried out through map overlay or spatial analysis, influence factors analysis through statistical analysis in the form of multiple linear regression tests, and descriptive analysis. The results of the study explain that there are various forms of discrepancies in the use of space in the research location, where there are 288 buildings that breach the road boundary line, 564 buildings that breach the coastal boundary line, and 4 buildings that violate the existing IMB (Building Construction Permit) function. The occurrence of discrepancies in space utilization in the research location is influenced by the results of planning that is not properly socialized, the use of space that is not in accordance with the results of the planning, and the lack of control over space utilization by the local government. Meanwhile, the management of controlling the use of space in the coastal area of Sapolohe Village is related to planning, space utilization and control of space utilization.
The Effectiveness of Clean Water Services of PAMSIMAS Program in Marioriwawo District
Authors: Ulfah  , Selintung M , Bakri B
Published: January 2023

Community-based drinking water and sanitation (PAMSIMAS) program is a government program that aims to meet the community’s drinking water needs. The implementation of the PAMSIMAS program in Marioriwawo District needs to be evaluated the effectiveness of its services to the community and analyze ways to improve service quality. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents in five villages and then processed by using the SPSS application. The model for the effectiveness of the clean water service of PAMSIMAS in Marioriwawo District is Y= 0.534 + 0.133 X1 + 0.020 X2 + 0.024 X3 + 0.203 X4 + 0.173 X5 where X1 is the quality variable, X2 is the quantity variable, X3 is the continuity variable, X4 is the ability to pay contribution variable, and X5 is the institutional variable. Correlation coefficient (R) is 0.780. The average of clean water service of PAMSIMAS in Marioriwawo District is 2.83 which is categorized as effective. Improving clean water services for PAMSIMAS in Marioriwawo District can be done by checking water quality at least once every six months, monitoring pipelines regularly, applying contribution rates based on water usage and applying sanctions for customers who break the rules.
Mineralogical Transformation and Mass Balance Model at a Nickel Laterite Profile in Malili District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Fahrisyah Reifan , Tonggiroh Adi , Sufriadin
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the mineralogy transformation and mass balance model to understand the mobility of laterite elements using Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The bedrock of the profile is a serpentinized peridotite consisting mainly of lizardite with minor magnetite. The saprolite zone of profile is dominated by the mineral lizardite, while in the limonite zone due to the perfect weathering process, the lizardite mineral has already transforms into goethite. The results of mass balance calculation analysis using Ti as the immobile element showed that Mg and Si were reduced along all layers of profile. Meanwhile, Fe, Al, Mn, and Cr increased towards the upper zone of the laterite nickel profile. Meanwhile, Ni was concentrated in the saprolite zone with an addition of ~386.42%.
The Effect Micro Climate on The Flowering Phenology of Forest Clove Plants (Zyzygium obtusifolium L)
Authors: Kamsurya M Y , Ala A , Musa Y , Rafiuddin
Published: January 2023

Microclimate is one of the environmental factors that affect the growth, flowering and quality of clove flower production, including forest clove plants. This study aims to explain the effect of microclimate on the flowering phenology of forest clove plants and the length of the flowering phenoplast. The research lasted for 17 months, starting from January 2020 - May 2021. The field research was carried out on the island of Ambon, Maluku. The sampling location was determined using the purposive method. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity using a thermohydrometer, solar intensity was measured using a lux meter. Data analysis used principal component regression. The results showed that the length of the flowering phenology was 167.6 days. Microclimate parameters affect the flowering phenology of forest clove plants, R-square 0.93 and the correlation is very strong (R 0.95). Air temperature and intensity of sunlight, both between stands and below stands have a negative effect, meaning that with the influence of these three variables the flowering phenology takes place earlier. On the other hand, with the air humidity variable the effect is positive, meaning that the flowering phenology will be delayed. Air temperature is the variable that has the greatest influence on the flowering phenology of forest clove plants.
Mineralogy and texture of the iron ore deposits in Tanjung and Pake, Bontocani, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Bakri H , Imran A M , Maulana A , Irfan U R
Published: January 2023

Iron ore deposits in the Bontocani area are scattered in the form of boulders around the contact zone between granodiorite and limestone, which indicates the skarn type. The study of mineralogy, particularly Fe-bearing minerals in outcrops in the Tanjung and Pake areas, is the goal of this research. The method chosen is fieldwork for detailed analysis of characteristics and relationships between granodiorite intrusions and limestones, as well as representative rock sampling. Furthermore, mineralogy analysis in the laboratory using ore petrography and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) methods. The iron-bearing minerals found at both of their locations consisted of oxides namely magnetic, hematite, and ilmenite; hydroxide minerals namely goethite; and siderite of the carbonate group. In the Tanjung area as well-found sulfide minerals, namely pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite, and sphalerite; chromite and manganese of the oxide-hydroxide group; and gangue minerals consisting of calcite, quartz, albite, diopside, hedenbergite, danalite, andradite, and magnesite. Meanwhile, in Pake, the sulfide minerals found are alabandite; oxide minerals namely manganese and pyrolusite; azurite from the hydroxide group; and gangue minerals including calcite, quartz, magnesite, chlorite, andradite. Based on the mineral texture of the ore from mineragraphic analysis, there are textures in the form of open space-filling, replacement, intergrowth, and granular.
The Capability of Pekanbaru City Government to Manage Waste Transportation for the Period of January-June 2021
Authors: Adlin A , Yusri A , Harto S , Erman E , Isril I , Azwar W
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted to describe the capability of the Pekanbaru city government to manage waste in January-June 2021. The city government’s capability was measured by six indicators: institutions, human resources, policies, financial resources, technical capabilities, and leadership. Quantitative data was collected by sending a questionnaire to 101 respondents who are divided into 3 categories, namely: environmental scholars, environmental activists, and others. The data was processed and presented in the form of bar charts and pie charts. This study found that the weakest aspects of the government’s ability were in terms of technical management and leadership, followed by financial resources, policies, human resources, and institutions.
Climate Change and Food Insecurities: The Importance of Food Loss and Waste Reduction in Indonesia
Authors: Munir A , Fadhilah
Published: January 2023

Rapid increasing population of Indonesia poses a future threat to the food supply for the national demand. Furthermore, global climate change is putting a strain on the food supply chain. Droughts, floods, landslides, and pest/disease attacks all have serious consequences for agricultural production, particularly food crops. According to The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) data published in 2017, Indonesia ranks second in the world in terms of food loss and waste contribution, chasing only Saudi Arabia. Moreover, according to the Food Sustainability Index in the Economist Intelligence Unit (2017), Indonesian food loss and waste or uneaten totalled 1.3 million tons in a single year. In Indonesia, the most common method of dealing with food waste is dumping or landfilling, which produces methane and other greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. This research was conducted by employing quick survey for colecting primary data and desk evaluation study for collecting secondary data. Meta analysis was employed in this research. Therefore, to emphasize the importance of reducing food loss and waste in Indonesia to reduce food insecurity caused by climate change, this paper investigates how food loss and waste exacerbates climate change. This paper outlined some scenarios for preventing food loss and waste at all stages of the food chain, including agricultural production, post-harvest handling and storage, distribution and consumption behaviour, and government policy, which can be implemented to begin initiatives to reduce food loss and waste to address the threat of future starvation in Indonesia because of climate change.
Washability Study using Float-Sink Test Method of Coal from Paludda, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Saputno A , Sufriadin  , Widodo S
Published: January 2023

South Sulawesi’s coal quality is still relatively low so that its utilization is still limited, such as for fuel in cement factories and some other local industries. One of the locations for coal deposits in South Sulawesi is in the Paludda area, Pujananting District, Barru Regency. To increase the economic value of low-grade coal, special treatment is needed in the form of beneficiation before the coal is used, one of which is the Float-Sink Test method to separate clean coal from impurities. Coal samples that have been taken from the outcrop are then comminuted to produce a size of 1 to 5 mm. Coal washing was carried out using a mixed heavy liquid of perchloroethylene (1.62 g/cm3) and wash benzene (0.68 g/cm3) and produced a heavy liquid fraction ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 g/cm3. Results based on the washing yield curve, if an ash content below 4% is required, clean coal can be obtained at a fraction of 1.45 g/cm3 with a net coal recovery of up to 94%.
Ductility of Retrofit Column Using Wire Mesh and Self Compacting Concrete Due to Lateral Cyclic Load
Authors: Satar S , Parung H , Amiruddin A A
Published: January 2023

Poor construction and ductility are the causes of structural damage and failure in earthquakes. Retrofitting is a way of repairing the damage and increasing the ductility of the column. Selection of wire mesh and self-compacting concrete as retrofit material, as it is easy to process and easy to obtain. The test specimen consisted of 3 columns with a size of 300x300 mm, consisting of a control column (KK), a completely retrofitted column (KR-1) and a retrofitted column in the approximate plastic hinge area (KR-2). The samples were cyclically tested based on the displacement control method. The test results show that the retrofitted with wire mesh and self-compacting concrete has a higher ductility value on the approximate plastic hinge area (KR-2). In addition, the retrofitted column has a higher load-bearing capacity than the column that has not been retrofitted.
Literature Review and Conceptual Framework: Sustainability Construction of Implementation in Development of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Likupang
Authors: Pangemanan D , Latief R U , Arifuddin R , Hamzah S
Published: January 2023

Likupang is one of the national tourism development areas and has been designated as a special economic zone (SEZ). It makes Likupang as the central development of infrastructure such as: Hotels, Resorts and Private Docks. In the SEZ development, several obstacles were found, including the implementation of sustainable construction regulations based on the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 05/PRT/M/2015. These development activities will certainly cause problems in both economic and environmental aspects when sustainable development management is not carried out. This study is an effort to create infrastructure development by using Sustainable Development Construction Approach that supports the development of the Likupang SEZ. This paper is one of the stages of research that will report the results of literature review and conceptual framework as well as the stages that will be carried out from the research. The research result descriptionis the formulation of the application of model concept of sustainable development which will be input to all stakeholders, both government and private sector, in the development of the Likupang SEZ.
Geological heritage as a basis for geoscience development: A case study of Bentong-Raub Suture in Lojing District, Gua Musang District, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Irfan U R , Langkoke R , Alimuddin I , Bahar A M A , Putra YS A R I A
Published: January 2023

The research area was completed in the Upper Triassic and is situated in the Bentong-Raub suture zone of the Upper Permian collision zone between the Sibumasu and Indochina plates. Geoheritage must be preserved for educational reasons in order to preserve the geological processes that create different lithologies as well as the geological structures that create distinctive geomorphology. Geological features can be utilized for geotourism and have geoheritage significance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the geoheritage component in the Malaysian Kelantan region of Lojing Gua Musang. The classification of geoheritage is based on factors related to geodiversity, scope, and scale. A minor geodiversity of lithological changes in metamorphic rocks, sediments, and volcanic rocks (as members of chert lithology) represent the structure’s position. The minor geodiversity of lithological changes in metamorphic rocks, sediments, and volcanic rocks (as members of chert lithology), with a score of 4, represents the structure’s location (good). Scientific geosite values, such as the numerous lithologies that characterize the Bentong Raub Suture Lojing region, have a rich geological history that makes them appealing to tourists and researchers.
Coal desulfurization by flotation method
Authors: Nurhawaisyah S R , Jafar N , Bakri S , Widodo S
Published: January 2023

In general, the combustion of coal containing high sulfur and ash causes negative environmental problems such as acid rain and the emission of oxides of sulfur. Coal flotation is one of the most effective methods for desulfurizing and deashing raw coal with high ash and sulfur contents before burning coal. In this study, a coal sample collected from East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia was subjected to flotation by using diesel oil as collector and pine oil as frother. The experimental results showed that 24% of the total sulfur was eliminated from coal. Also, the calorific value of coal increased from 5,486 cal/g to 5,535.38 cal/g. However, the volatile matter and ash content of coal was eliminated.
Comparative efficiency study of photoanodes in the photocatalytic fuel cell integrated electro-Fenton hybrid system
Authors: Thor Shen-Hui , Ho Li-Ngee , Ong Soon-An , Abidin Che Zulzikrami Azner , Heah Cheng-Yong
Published: January 2023

Photoanode in photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) plays an important role in the dual chamber PFC integrating electro-Fenton (EF) hybrid system (PFC-EF system) since the photo-excitation process on the photoanode will contribute to the electrons for electricity generation and electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide in EF process. Fabrication of different types of photoanodes were carried out by using anodizing and immobilization method, respectively. The fabrication methods significantly affected the efficiencies of photoanodes in the Amaranth treatment. The characterization of the fabricated photoanodes was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The immobilized ZnO/Zn photoanode achieved the highest degradation efficiencies in both PFC (80.36%) and EF (86.88%). The immobilized ZnO/Zn photoanode also contributed to the highest power density (4.545 μW cm−2).
The Removal of Dye from Synthetic Wastewater using Hybrid Modified Sugarcane Bagasse-Banana Stem
Authors: Bakar Amalina Amirah Abu , Azmi Nur Fathin Athirah Nor , Daud Nurhidayati Mat , Ali Khairul Ammar Muhammad , Badrealam Sabariah , Hamzah Nurakmal
Published: January 2023

The potential application of hybrid adsorbents for sugarcane bagasse and banana stem has been explored through the use of a batch adsorption experiment. To ascertain the impact of various dosages and contact times, several experiments were conducted. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to conduct the adsorption analysis. Apart from that, the behaviour and mechanism were analysed utilising the Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order kinetic models. The findings reveal that in 100 mL of synthetic dye sample, at an optimal dosage of sugarcane bagasse and banana stem, and at an optimal contact time of 65 minutes, more than 80% of the colour was eliminated. Isotherm models showed that the study was best fitted to Langmuir with a coefficient correlation R2 of 0.9048. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of colour showed that pseudo-second order well-fitted with the coefficient correlation 0.9639, which is bigger than pseudo-first order, 0.4827. Due to the low cost of the media utilised in the study, the hybrid adsorbents of sugarcane bagasse and banana stem have a good potential for colour removal in textile wastewater treatment. As a result, it provides an alternate method of addressing issues associated with an excess of colour in dye wastewater treatment plants.
Evaluation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum as a low-cost precipitant for phosphorus removal from anaerobic digestion effluent filtrate
Authors: Ma Hongzhen , Khalaf Adam , Chen Rui , Wang Zhiguo , Li Yebo , Xu Fuqing
Published: January 2023

Land application of anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent as a fertilizer is desirable for nutrient recycle, but often supplies excess phosphorus (P), which contributes to surface water eutrophication. Reducing the P content in AD effluent using calcium treatment prior to land application is a potential strategy for improving effluent disposability. In order to solve the problems of low phosphorus removal efficiency and high operating cost in wastewaters, this study took flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum, a by-product of coal-fired power plants, as a low-cost calcium source, and combined with traditional phosphorus removal agents to achieve high phosphorus removal efficiency with less chemical inputs. As the results showed, FGD gypsum dosages of 20 mM Ca (3.44 g/L) and 40 mM Ca (6.89 g/L) removed up to 97.1% of soluble P (initially 102.8 mg/L) within 60-90 minutes. Combining FGD gypsum treatment with traditional chemical treatments using Ca(OH)2 or FeCl3 could achieve >99% P removal with reduced chemical costs. This study demonstrated that FGD gypsum is an effective calcium precipitant for phosphorus removal.
Investigation of a two-dimensional model on Cu2+ recovery in bioemectrochemical system
Authors: Cai Wenfang , Wang Yunhai
Published: January 2023

A novel microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to recover Cu2+ from simulated electroplating wastewater. The BES has two chambers separated by a bipolar membrane and two cathodes. To explore the rate controlling step affecting Cu2+ deposition rate, spatial mass distribution and its deposition process during Cu2+ deposition on MFC cathode. A two-dimensional, transient model was built to study the factors that limiting Cu2+ deposition in MFC. We found that the formation of ion scarcity zone would decrease Cu2+ deposition rate, which leading to mass transfer limiting Cu2+ reduction on cathode surface (x=0 m). While near the cathode tip (x=0.02 m), the highest deposition rate and thickness was obtained. Furthermore, diffusion and electro-migration of Cu2+ were synergistic to improve Cu2+ reduction efficiency, and electro-migration of Cu2+ had a great impact on Cu2+ transferring from electrolyte domain to electrode surface. This research provided a new studying direction for heavy metal wastewater treatment and metal separation and recovery in the electroplating industry to improve metal ions deposition rate.
Effect of operating conditions on phosphorus recovery from acidified plant oil wastewater by struvite crystallization
Authors: Xu Guangyu , Ren Jie , Cui Kai , Guo Kun
Published: January 2023

Struvite crystallization is an effective method for recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and the operating parameters are crucial to the efficient phosphorus removal and struvite crystallization. In this study, the effects of pH, N-P ratio and Mg-P ratio on the phosphorus recovery from acidified plant oil wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were pH 10, N-P ratio 1.1:1, and Mg-P ratio 1:1. Under the optimized operational conditions, 88.1% of the total phosphorus was removed from the wastewater. The XRD and SEM-EDS results indicated that the precipitate was struvite.
Assessment of Reservoir Sedimentation and Mitigation Measures using 2D Hydrodynamic Modeling: Case Study of Pandanduri Reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Zulfan J , Ginting B M , Rimawan R
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the accumulated sediment in the Pandanduri Reservoir, Indonesia with a storage capacity of 27 million m3 was evaluated and estimated by means of a 2D numerical model (MIKE 21 FM). This model was employed to simulate the sediment transport along the river into the reservoir with a total modeled area of 3.15 km2 and 5 km of the tributary river. The field measurement and sediment sampling in the tributary river were conducted in order to analyze the sediment parameters and later used for the calibration of the numerical model. According to the computational results, the current sedimentation rate was 53,075 m3/year, which came from the main tributary river (Suradadi River). One of the proposed alternatives was to design a check dam structure downstream of the Suradadi River so that the sediment transport continuity could be interrupted, thus reducing the river sedimentation rate. Based on the numerical results, adding a check dam upstream of the reservoir could reduce the sedimentation rate of up to 30%. Therefore, the reservoir sedimentation rate reached 34,690 m3/year due to the sediment trapping at the upstream river. The 2D model also showed the sedimentation pattern in the reservoir, where most of the sediment accumulated in the middle of the reservoir near the spillway. In conclusion, it is recommended to combine the check dam structure with mechanical excavation and flushing to eliminate the deposited sediment and increase the reservoir lifetime.