bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Fasting Plasma Glucose, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sedighi Kimia , Shahbazi Roghayeh , Boushehri Elham , Zoghi Ghazal , Khayatian Mahmood , Kheirandish Somayeh , Kheirandish Masoumeh
Published: August 2020

Background: There is inconsistent data on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic and metabolic status of pregnant women with GDM.Methods: In this randomized double-blind controlled trial pregnant women with GDM referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Hormozgan University of Medical science, Bandar Abbas, 2016-2017, were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=25) and placebo (n=25) groups. Subjects in the intervention group received two 50000 IU vitamin D3 pearls (at baseline and at day 21) plus 1000 mg calcium daily, and those in the placebo group received 2 placebos at the same times and 1000 mg calcium daily. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks for the measurement of lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Results: Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D significantly increased in the intervention group (P<0.001). Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased FPG (P=0.049), serum insulin level (P=0.001), and HOMA-IR (P=0.001) in the intervention group compared to the placeb group. Furthermore, vitamin D significantly reduced serum triglyceride (P=0.0.002), whereas it had no significant effect on total cholesterol (P=0.099), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P=0.279) , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P=0.472) compared to the placebo group.Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation can be beneficial in the regulation of FPG, insulin level, and HOMA-IR in pregnant women with GDM.Trial registration: The research has retrospectively been registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration number: IRCT20150607022585N3 and is accessible at the following website: www.irct.ir.
Selective Targeting of Class1 Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Isoforms by a Novel Inhibitor SBAK-GHA Potently Resist Leukemogenesis
Authors: Bhat Javeed Ahmad , Dar Nawab John , Ahmad Mudassier , Mintoo Mubashir Javed , Najar Rauf Ahmad , Capalash Neena , Mondhe Dilip Manikrao , Sharma Simmi , Shah Bhahwal Ali , Hamid Abid , Khan Mohammad Imran
Published: August 2020

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are often presented with loss of H4K16 monoacetylation (ac) and H4K20 trimethylation (3Me) due to increased activity of Class I HDAC’s. In the current study we explored the efficacy and mechanistic basis of a novel Class I HDAC inhibitor SBAK-GHA across different leukemic cell lines and characterised the distinct acetylation pattern on histone H3 and H4.Methods: We initially performed general and class specific HDAC enzyme activity assays to establish the effect of our lead molecule SBAK-GHA. Following, we have probed various acetylation sites to understand a thorough acetylation profile of various leukemic cell lines by immunoblotting. Next, to understand the effect of various Class 1 HDAC isoforms on acetylation levels of hallmark proteins in leukaemia; lentiviral knockdown approach was carried out. In addition, cell cycle analysis was also done to distinguish the pattern of cell cycle phase arrest, followed by Chip-qPCR studies of various cyclins and their relationship with cell cycle arrest. Finally, an in vivo study was performed to confirm the anti-leukemic activity of SBAK-GHA by using specific leukaemia models.Results: SBAK-GHA showed class I HDAC inhibitor activity specifically targeting HDAC 2. SBAK-GHA treatment upregulates H4K16 ac and H4K20 me3 in variety of leukemic cell lines. Similar results were found during knock down of HDAC2 in leukemic cell lines. Moreover, we also observed a coherence of events like cell cycle arrest across different cell types of leukemias and modulation in the levels of acetylation across different cyclin promoters. Further on, studies in various in vivo cancer models demonstrated SBAK-GHA to be highly selective towards lymphocytic leukaemia.Conclusion: Our data provided a basic overview of relationship between different class I HDAC isoforms and their possible roles in regulation of histone acetylation in pathogenesis of leukaemia. Our study here presented multiple evidences regarding SBAK-GHA as a novel HDAC2 inhibitor. SBAK-GHA resist leukemogenesis mainly by inducing the repressed H4K16 ac and H4K20 me3. Further, the results in present study had established a relationship between class I HDAC isoforms and their possible roles in regulation of histone acetylation in pathogenesis of leukaemia.
MUC3A Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progress via Activating NFκB Pathway and Attenuates Radiosensitivity
Authors: Sun Yingming , Sun Xiaoge , You Chengcheng , Ma Shijing , Luo Yuan , Peng Shan , Tang Fang , Tian Xiaoli , Wang Feng , Huang Zhengrong , Yu Hongnv , Xiao Yu , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Junhong , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua
Published: August 2020

Background: MUC3A is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma, but its functions and effects on clinical outcomes are not well understood.Methods: Tissue microarray was used to analysis the relathionship between MUC3A and clinicalpathological charcristics of lung adenocarcinoma; Colony formation and MTT array ware used to detect cell proliferation; WB applied to investigate the protein amount; Transwell was applied to evaluate cell invasion; IF was used to observe the location and expression of targeted proteins; IP was use to prove the binding of proteins. Mcherry-GFP-LC3 II adenovirus and TEM were performed to observe cell autophagy. Xnograft mouse model were used to investigate the effect of MUC3A in vivo.Result: 92 patients’ tumor samples indicated that high expression of MUC3A was associated with poor prognosis, advanced staging, and low differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation results revealed that MUC3A interacted with RELA. MUC3A activated the NFκB pathway via promoting RELA phosphorylation and interfering the binding of RELA to IκB. MUC3A knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced G1 arrest. MUC3A deficiency increased radiation-induced DNA double strain breaks via impairing the BRCA-1/RAD51 pathway and nuclear translocation of P53 and XCRR6. Moreover, MUC3A deficiency induced autophagy in lung cancer cells. MUC3A knockdown significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft model and had a synergistic effect with radiation. Less nuclear translocation of RELA and P53 was also observed in tumor tissue in vivo.Conclusion: MUC3A was a potential oncogene, and its high expression was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Patient with high expression of MUC3A should be more frequent follow-up and might benefit less from radiotherapy.
K-RAS, B-RAF and GNAS Gene Status and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Mucinous Neoplasm of Appendix
Authors: ren xinyu , Cheng Yin , Lu Tao , Lu Junliang , Wu Yan , Pang Junyi , Chen Longyun , Zhou Weixun , Liang Zhiyong
Published: August 2020

AIM

Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) and serrated lesions are sometimes hard to differentiate from morphology. We try to characterize them from the immunohistochemical and molecular perspective and to reflect the difference between them.
METHODS

25 appendix neoplasm including 13 LAMNs, 12 serrated lesions were selected from January 2013 to December 2014. Immunohistochemical analyses for cytokeratin 20, MUC6, MUC5AC, MUC1, Ki-67, P53 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins including MLH1, PMS-2, MSH-6, MSH-2 were performed. Microsatellite instability (MSI) status was also evaluated. Besides, we detect K-RAS, B-RAF and GNAS gene mutation status of these lesions.
RESULTS

Immunochemically, 83.3% serrated lesions showed scattered CK20 staining in the deep crypt, which was less so for LAMNs. As for mucin expression, MUC5AC had slightly higher positive rate in LAMNs and than in serrated lesions.MUC1 was significantly higher expressed in LAMNs than in serrated lesions. 46.1% LAMNs have P53 expression in deep crypt, while P53 was negative in the deep crypt of serrated lesions. 58.3% serrated lesions had deficient MMR protein expresion pattern compared to 23.1% of LAMNs. B-RAF mutation was detected in 3 cases, all were serrated lesions. K-ras and GNAS mutation was detected in both LAMNs and serrated lesions.
CONCLUSION

Immunohistochemical panel comprising markers such as CK20, MUC5AC, MUC1, Ki-67 and P53, with genotyping covering hotspots of the KRAS, BRAF and GNAS genes can help the differential diagnosis of low grade appendix neoplasm.
Multimodal Prehabilitation in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Anatomical Resection: Protocol of a Non-Randomised Feasibility Study
Authors: Molenaar Charlotte Johanna Laura , Von Meyenfeldt Erik Martin , de Betue Carlijn Tini Ireen , Schep Goof , Soud Magdolen Youssef El , Thiel Eric van , Rademakers Nicky , Hoornweg Sanne Charlotte , Slooter Gerrit Dirk , Broek Frank van den , Marres Geertruid Marie Heleen
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe preoperative period can be used to enhance a patient’s functional capacity with multimodal prehabilitation and, consequently improve and fasten postoperative recovery. Especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgical patients may benefit from this intervention, since the affected and resected organ is an essential part of the cardiorespiratory fitness. Drafting a prehabilitation programme is a challenge, since many disciplines are involved, and time between diagnosis of NSCLC and surgery is limited. We designed a multimodal prehabilitation programme prior to pulmonary surgery and conduct a study to assess feasibility and efficacy of the programme. Publication of this protocol may help other health care facilities to implement such a programme. MethodsThe multimodal prehabilitation programme consists of an exercise programme, nutritional support, mental support, smoking cessation programme, patient empowerment and respiratory optimisation. In two Dutch teaching hospitals, 40 adult patients with proven or suspected NSCLC will be included. In a non-randomised fashion, 20 patients follow the multimodal prehabilitation programme and 20 will be assessed in the control group, according to patient preference. Assessments take place at four time points: baseline, week before surgery, six weeks postoperatively and three months postoperatively. Feasibility and efficacy of the prehabilitation programme will be assessed as primary outcomes. DiscussionSince the time between diagnosis of NSCLC and surgery is limited, it is a challenge to implement a prehabilitation programme. This study will assess whether this is feasible and effective. The non-randomised fashion of the study might result in a selection bias. However, the control group is necessary, to put the prehabilitation group in perspective and to assess feasibility further. By publishing this protocol of our feasibility study, we aim to facilitate others to evaluate and implement a multimodal prehabilitation programme for surgical lung cancer patients.Trial registrationThis feasibility study is registered as NL8080 in the Netherlands Trial Register on the 10th of October 2019, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8080. Secondary identifiers: CCMO (Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects) number NL70578.015.19, reference number of the Medical Ethical Review Committee of Máxima MC W19.045.
Age, Gender, Height and Weight in Relation to Joint Cartilage Thickness Among School-aged Children From Ultrasonographic Measurement
Authors: Gau Chunchun , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Gan Shu-Ting , Lin Syh-Jae , Yeh Kuo-Wei , Chen Li-Chen , Ou Liang- Shiou , Lee Wen-Yi , Wu Chao-Yi , Huang Jing-Long
Published: August 2020

Background: Among school-age children, the decrease of cartilage thickness (Cth) with increasing age is well known. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI), height or weight on Cth has not been revealed. Here in, we aim to establish an age- and gender-specific Cth standard reference among Asians and investigate the possible prestige of BMI, height and weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy Asian children. Bilateral knees, ankles, wrists, second metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) and proximal interphalangeals (PIPs) were measured using ultrasound. The children’s height, weight and BMI were also recorded for later adjustment.Results: A total of 200 school age Asian children (including 86 girls and 114 boys, aged between 5 to 13 years-old) were investigated. Cth differences were observed in the knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs between sexes (p<0.05), with girls having thinner cartilage thickness. While Cth decreases with increasing age ( p <0.0001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.023, 0.091 in girls’ knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs and p = 0.002, 0.001, <0.0001, 0.001, 0.045 in boys’, respectively). Our data showed that weight, height and BMI are not the main factors contributing to Cth. A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. There was no difference in Cth after adjusting for height or weight between Asian or Caucasian group.Conclusions: A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. Height, weight and BMI were not the major contributor for Cth among school age children.
Paludification reduces black spruce growth rate but does not alter ecophysiological mechanisms in Canadian boreal forested peatlands
Authors: Beaulne Joannie , Boucher Étienne , Garneau Michelle , Magnan Gabriel
Published: August 2020

Background Paludification is widespread in the boreal biome, inducing tree growth decline in forested peatlands following the development of thick organic layers over the mineral soil. However, the ecophysiological processes involved remain poorly documented and little is known about the interactions between tree growth mechanisms and site conditions in these ecosystems. We investigated changes in stem growth and main ecophysiological processes in a black spruce forested peatland in eastern Canada by combining peat-based and tree-ring stable isotope analyses. These were conducted at three sampling sites located along a paludification gradient with different peat thicknesses.Results Organic layer thickening induces black spruce growth decline without altering tree ecophysiological mechanisms. A 40% increase in water use efficiency, or the ratio of carbon assimilated to water losses, was observed at the three sites from 1920 to the 1980s, but did not translate into enhanced tree growth. A clear shift in the 1980s revealed a decline in black spruce sensitivity to climate and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, regardless of the organic layer thickness. Water table reconstructions revealed an important drawdown in the last few decades at the three sites, but we found no evidence of an influence of water table variations on stem growth.Conclusions This study shows that paludification induces black spruce growth decline without altering tree metabolism in boreal forested peatlands. This underlines that changes in water use efficiency are decoupled from changes in carbon allocation, which are constrained by site, or even tree-specific strategies to access water and nutrients from belowground. Our findings indicate that dynamic changes in edaphic conditions need to be considered in process models. Otherwise, failing to account for the degree of paludification can lead to misleading forest productivity predictions and result in considerable overestimations of aboveground carbon stocks from trees in the boreal regions.
Early onset SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a preterm neonate – Probably acquired through vertical transmission
Authors: Kalane Shilpa , Gokhale Asha , Patwardhan Sampada
Published: August 2020

With the increasing number of published case reports and studies, probability of newborns acquiring COVID-19 infection through vertical transmission is on rise. Although the modes of transmission for neonatal COVID-19 infection are becoming clearer, the clinical spectrum in the form of radiology and laboratory parameters have still not been studied well. We report a case of a preterm neonate, whose mother had tested positive for COVID-19 infection before delivery. The neonate was asphyxiated and had meconium aspiration syndrome. RT-PCR of her endotracheal secretions for COVID-19 tested positive within 24 hours of life and at 72 hours. The laboratory investigations were suggestive of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and the CT scan chest supported the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. This is probably the youngest neonate with COVID-19 infection showing CSS.
Catestatin (Cst) protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through suppressing ER-stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Bing Pei , Song Chunjie , Zhang Zhengjiang , Xin Shen , Qian Cui
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCerebral stroke, known as a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), is one of the leading causes of long-term disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite amounts of advances that have been achieved in terms of the treatment of ischemic stroke. But thus far, clinically effective neuroprotectants remain elusive, which may mainly due to the lack of a complete understanding of molecular mechanisms of the stroke. Previous studies have been revealed that catestatin (Cst) is closely related to cardiovascular ischemia/reperfusion injuries. However, little is known about whether Cst is involved in the regulation of neuronal death processes during ischemia. MethodsIn the present study, we revealed a protective function of Cst on Rat neuron cell death in the setting of ischemia/reperfusion injury. ResultsWe found that Cst treatment significantly attenuated the deficits of hippocampal related behaviors. On mechanism, our data revealed that Cst administration remarkably reduced ER-stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by I/R injury, and subsequently protected brain cells from apoptosis. ConclusionIn sum, our results demonstrate that Cst ameliorates I/R injury-induced hippocampal-related behaviors deficits by protecting the neurons from I/R injury-induced ER-stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Our findings may provide a promising novel neuroprotectant for ischemic stroke therapy.
The Potential Role of Nrf2-PD-L1 Axis in Promoting of Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Payandeh Zahra , Tazehkand Abbas Pirpour , Mansoori Behzad , Khaze Vahid , Asadi Milad , Samadi Nasser , Baradaran Behzad
Published: August 2020

Background: Nuclear factor−erythroid 2−related factor 2 (Nrf2) has a key function in promoting chemoresistance in various cancers. PD-L1 is one of the downstream targets of Nrf2 signaling pathway, having some beneficial impacts on tumors growth by inhibition of the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of Nrf2- PD- L1 axis in the promotion of oxaliplatin resistance in colon cancer cells. Result: Our data revealed that Nrf2 and PD-L1 mRNA expressions were markedly higher in tumor tissues compared to margin tissues. PD-L1 mRNA expression level was also increased in the resistant cells. However, Nrf2 expression was decreased and increased in SW480/Res and LS174T/Res cells, respectively. Nrf2 inhibition through siRNA in SW480/Res and LS174T/Res decreased the IC50 values of oxaliplatin. Inhibition of Nrf2 significantly increased oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis and reduced migration in SW480/Res cells when accompanied with oxaliplatin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that effective inhibition of Nrf2/PD-L1 signaling pathways can be considered as a novel approach to improve oxaliplatin efficacy in colon cancer patients.
Sorption of heavy metals by the filtering containers with serpentine materials
Authors: Mosendz I. A. , Kremenetskaya I. P. , Drogobuzhskaya S. V. , Alekseeva S. A.
Published: August 2020

The search for effective technologies for the remediation of technologically polluted natural objects is an urgent problem of environmental protection. At the experimental site near Kola MMC JSC (Murmansk region, Monchegorsk), experiments have been carried out on the use of mining waste to create phyto-adsorption sites in technologically polluted territories. During the experiments, filtering modules were used to study the processes of sorption/desorption of emission components with vermiculite-sungulite composition materials obtained by enriching phlogopite mining waste (Murmansk Region, Kovdor). To load two types of filtering modules designed to study open (I) and partially open (II) systems, the authors have used the initial and heat-treated granular sungulite, as well as slurry products (the content of sungulite and vermiculite was 30 %). As a control option, an experiment has been carried out using pure peat, selected in the vicinity of Apatity (Murmansk region). As a result of the study, the layer-by-layer content of the acid-soluble (or semi-gross) form of the components has been determined; the toxicity module has been calculated (the ratio of the total molar content of metals (Cu + Ni) and macronutrients (Ca + Mg)) used to assess the possible toxic effect of products in relation to plants. Pure peat has proved to possess the greatest sorption ability, however, at the end of the experiment, the highest degree of toxicity has been observed for peat; mineral products have been the least toxic. An analysis of the distribution of metals among the layers of filtering modules (II) has shown that intense accumulation of metals is observed in the upper layers; with increasing depth (layers 2-4) there is a gradual decrease in the copper content, in some products nickel is leached in the lower layers. The results of the study have shown that for loading phyto-adsorption sites it is advisable to use a granular sungulite product characterized by good sorption ability and low toxicity.
Environmental Learning Research Centre (ELRC)
Authors: Rhodes University Environmental Learning Research Centre
Published: August 2020

This collection contains educational resources developed to assist primary level teachers in certain topics.
Gambler’s ruin problem and bi-directional grid constrained trading and investment strategies
Authors: Taranto Aldo , Khan Shahjahan
Published: August 2020

Bi-Directional Grid Constrained (BGC) trading strategies have never been studied academically until now, are relatively new in the world of financial markets and have the ability to out-perform many other trading algorithms in the short term but will almost surely ruin an investment account in the long term. Whilst the Gambler’s Ruin Problem (GRP) is based on martingales and the established probability theory proves that the GRP is a doomed strategy, this research details how the semimartingale framework is required to solve the grid trading problem (GTP), i.e. a form of BGC financial markets strategies, and how it can deliver greater return on investment (ROI) for the same level of risk. A novel theorem of GTP is derived, proving that grid trading, whilst still subject to the risk of ruin, has the ability to generate significantly more profitable returns in the short term. This is also supported by extensive simulation and distributional analysis. These results not only can be studied within mathematics and statistics in their own right, but also have applications into finance such as multivariate dynamic hedging, investment funds, trading, portfolio risk optimization and algorithmic loss recovery. In today’s uncertain and volatile times, investment returns are between 2%-5% per annum, barely keeping up with inflation, putting people’s retirement at risk. BGC and GTP are thus a rich source of innovation potential for improved trading and investing.
Acknowledgement(s)Aldo Taranto was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. The authors would like to thank A/Prof. Ravinesh C. Deo and A/Prof. Ron Addie of the University of Southern Queensland for their invaluable advice on refining this paper.
Transformation through the lens of leadership capabilities in South African universities
Authors: Sibongiseni Ngcamu Bethuel
Published: August 2020

The university leaders of the 21st century have failed to expose the transformation needs and demands of their institutions and have only implemented transformational strategies and measures that suit their career endeavors. This has been compounded by their lack of personal, interpersonal, and cognitive capabilities, which are essential in driving, shaping, and achieving the transformation agenda of their respective institutions. Against this backdrop, this article ascertains university leaders’ knowledgeability of factors and their understanding of change initiatives that could drive and achieve universities’ transformation agenda. The leadership traits, cognitive abilities, and qualities that can also influence transforming universities are assessed in this empirical study. A quantitative research approach was adopted in this comparative study, where a structured questionnaire was distributed to 191 respondents. A 70% response rate was obtained at the Durban University of Technology (DUT), while 59% was achieved at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12 was used to capture and analyze the data. This study has the potential to influence university leaders in totality in their nomenclature on transformation and the traits needed for effective transformation. The current research study revealed fascinating results that leaders from both the universities believed that transformation refers to restructuring rather than the widely shared narrative of addressing the racial imbalances of the apartheid era. Furthermore, the results suggest that the university leaders understand their institutional transformation agendas although the freedom of speech and open debates are not promoted and that leaders are not good listeners.
Sintesis Konjugat Bsa-Hapten Asam 4-(4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-Triazin-2- Ylamino) Butanoat Untuk Pengembangan Deteksi Selektif Melamin
Authors: Legasari Leni
Published: August 2020

Sejak isu kontaminasi melamin pada produk susu diketahui secara luas, diperlukan penelitian terbaru tentang teknik pemantauan yang cepat dan akurat untuk mendeteksi melamin dalam produk susu. Suatu metode indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) dengan spesifisitas yang tinggi dikembangkan untuk deteksi melamin dalam susu. Sintesis hapten dan pembentukan konjugat hapten-protein dilakukan sebagai immunogen untuk membentuk antibodi yang selektif terhadap melamin. Hapten telah disintesis dari asam gamma-amino butirat (GABA) dengan 2- kloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin (CAAT). Digunakan disikloheksilkarbodiimida (DCC) dan N-hidroksisuksinimida (NHS) untuk merubah gugus karboksilat hapten menjadi ester aktif sehingga dapat dikonjugasikan ke bouvine serum albumin (BSA). Hapten asam 4-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-butanoat berhasil disintesis dengan yield 8,16%, dan serapan maksimum UV pada panjang gelombang 233 nm. Karakterisasi hapten menunjukkan adanya serapan inframerah gugus amina sekunder pada bilangan gelombang 1654,92 cm-1 dan spektrum mass spectroscopy pada m/z 212,4 yang menunjukkan massa relatif hapten (C7H12N6O2). Konjugat hapten-BSA menunjukkan serapan UV maksimum pada panjang gelombang 215 nm. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan hapten dan konjugat hapten-BSA telah berhasil disintesis.
Farklı Karışım Oranları ve Biçim Dönemlerinin Yem Bezelyesi ile Arpa Karışımlarının Ot Verim Performansına Etkileri
Authors: SEYDOŞOĞLU Seyithan
Published: August 2020

Çalışmanın amacı, farklı karışım oranı ile biçim dönemlerinin yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) ile arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarında verim performanslarına etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırma, Diyarbakır GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü arazisinde 2016-2017 yılı kışlık dönemde yürütülmüştür. Yem bezelyesinin GAP Pembesi, arpada ise Altıkat çeşitleri tohum materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Biçim zamanları ana parselleri, karışım oranları ise alt parselleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada biçim zamanlarını, karışımlarda yer alan arpa bitkisinin başaklanma ve süt olum dönemi olmak üzere 2 farklı dönem oluşturmuştur. Yalın olarak %100 yem bezelyesi (YB) ve arpa (A), karışım oranları ise %75 YB + %25 A, %50 YB + %50 A, %25 YB + %75 A’dan oluşmuştur. Çalışmada, biçim dönemi geciktikçe yem bezelyesinin ana sap uzunluğu, arpanın bitki boyu, yeşil ve kuru ot verimlerinde istatistiki yönden önemli artış meydana gelmiştir. Ot verimi yönünden %75 A+ %25 YB karışımı ile arpanın süt olum dönemi diğer uygulamalardan daha üstün olduğu görülmektedir.
THE OLGINSKY ORPHANAGES OF THE VYATKA PROVINCE AT THE TURN OF THE 19TH-20TH CENTURIES AS IN THE MATERIALS OF THE CENTRAL STATE ARCHIVE OF THE KIROV REGION. HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ASPECT
Authors: RYZHKOVА Natalia V.
Published: August 2020

A special place in the system of children’s care in the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries belonged to the Olginsky orphanages, named in honor of Princess Olga — the daughter of the Emperor Nikolai II. They were the smallest type of children’s institutions in Russia, which appeared in a similar way to the charity institutions for adults: working buildings and shelters for the homeless. The idea of educating and raising children in an orphanage, supervising them, and most importantly introducing them to work and craft should have saved them in the future from poverty, unemployment, and marginalization.
This paper analyzes the Olginsky orphanages of the Vyatka Province, at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the features of their exterior, development, organization, structure, construction, and functioning. The author relies on the documents identified for the first time during the research work of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region.
The results show that there were three Olginsky shelters in the Vyatka Province — they were founded in the Izhevsk factory, in the town Mozhga, and the town of Slobodsky. The author notes that those who initiated the opening of orphanages and financed their construction, were in most cases individuals: at the Izhevsk factory they were Izhevsk workers, in Mozhga it was the chief of the Yelabuga District, Ivan Mikhailovich Poyarkov, and in Slobodsky they were merchants. In general, such orphanages had a positive impact on orphans and street children, because there, they received the necessary education and craft training, which later allowed them to lead an independent life and earn a living.
In this article, the author confirms the authorship of the constructed orphanage buildings: in Mozhga, it was the famous architect of the Vyatka Province M. A. Buchholz, a contemporary of an equally famous architect I. A. Charushin; at the Izhevsk factory it was A. Grebenshchikov (later with the participation of I. A. Charushin); and the architect Andreev in Slobodsky.
The author has established that from an architectural point of view, the buildings of the orphanages were quite diverse, but modest in their design, they did not have signs of monumentality, did not solve significant urban planning problems and, in general, did not contradict the existing artistic and aesthetic ideals of the period.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE POPULATION OF THE TSAR’S DOMAIN IN RUSSIA IN THE 17TH CENTURY (THE RIGHT TO USE THE SOVEREIGN’S RENT LANDS)
Authors: VАRENTSOVA Larisa Yu.
Published: August 2020

By the end of the 17th century, Palace fiefdoms were located in about 60 counties of the Russian state. County and city people who lived on the territory of the Tsar’s domain, had a special legal status. In the historical science no special complex research on the study of the system of rights and duties of the Palace population in Russia in the 17th century has been carried out. This article to a certain extent eliminates this gap in the Russian historiography. The author analyzes peculiarities of legal status of the population of the tsar’s lands in Russia in the 17thcentury, in particular, she deals with the right of the Palace district and the townspeople to use tsar’s quitrent land. The main types of rent possessions in the tsar’s fiefdoms, the conditions under which the population could rent the tsar’s lands were studied. The process of increasing payments for the use of Palace natural lands during the 17th century is shown.
The methodology was based on the work of famous Russian pre-revolutionary historians I. E. Zabelin, S. B. Veselovsky, A. I. Zaozersky, researchers of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods V. I. Buganov, A. G. Mankov, Y. E. Vodarsky, S. V. Vidyaikin among others. The research applied the methods of historicism and scientific objectivity.
The novelty of this article is determined by the introduction into the scientific circulation of a number of unpublished clerical historical sources from five archives of the country, as well as the published clerical documents of various orders of the Russian state, including scribe, census, boundary, income books, etc. The source base also included legislative acts: “the Cathedral Code of 1649”, tsar’s personal decrees, and letters of the second half of the 17th century.
The basic types of rent articles on the territory of the Royal domain have been examined. The conditions of the lease maintenance of the sovereign’s rent lands for the Palace population are defined. The methods of determining the amount of rent for the right to use certain types of sovereign’s natural lands are revealed.
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are made. A characteristic feature of the legal status of the Palace district and city people was the right to take in the maintenance of the sovereign’s forests, rivers, lakes, meadows, arable land, crafts. Rent for their use significantly replenished the sovereign’s Treasury in Russia in the 17th century.
The MMP-2/TIMP-2 System in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Wang Hongyue , Huang Longjian , Wu Lei , Lan Jiaqi , Feng Xinhong , Li Pingping , Peng Ying
Published: August 2020

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. Pathological changes in the AD brain include Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFTs), as well as extensive neuronal and synaptic loss. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a neutral, zinc-dependent protease that primarily targets extracellular matrix proteins. MMP-2 activity is strictly controlled, and its dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of pathologies, including AD. In this brief review, we discussed the contributions of dysregulated MMP-2 activity and an imbalanced interaction between MMP-2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), to AD. We also described the underlying mechanisms of the effects of MMP-2/TIMP-2, both beneficial and detrimental, on AD, including: (1) MMP-2 directly degrades Aβ resulting in the clearance of Aβ deposits. Conversely, Aβ-induced MMP-2 may contribute to brain parenchymal destruction. (2) MMP-2 induces breakdown of BBB, and this deleterious effect could be reversed by TIMP-2. (3) MMP-2 disrupts oxidative homeostasis in AD. (4) MMP-2 has both proinflammatory/pro-angiogenetic and antiinflammatory/ anti-angiogenetic effects on AD. Besides, we discuss the clinical utility of MMP- 2/TIMP-2 as therapeutic targets for AD.
The Retrotransposition of L1 is Involved in the Reconsolidation of Contextual Fear Memory in Mice
Authors: Zhang Wen-Juan , Huang Yan-Qing , Fu Ao , Chen Kang-Zhi , Li Song-Ji , Zhang Qi , Zou Guang-Jing , Liu Yu , Su Jing-Zhi , Zhou Shi-Fen , Liu Jun-Wen , Li Fang , Bi Fang-Fang , Li Chang-Qi
Published: August 2020

Background:

The long interspersed element-1 (L1) participates in memory formation,
and DNA methylation patterns of L1 may suggest resilience or vulnerability factors for Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD), of which the principal manifestation is a pathological exacerbation
of fear memory. However, the unique roles of L1 in the reconsolidation of fear memory remain
poorly understood.

Objective:

The study aimed to investigate the role of L1 in the reconsolidation of context-dependent
fear memory.

Methods:

Mice underwent fear conditioning and fear recall in the observation chambers. Fear memory
was assessed by calculating the percentage of time spent freezing in 5 min. The medial prefrontal
cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus were removed for further analysis. Open Reading Frame 1
(ORF1) mRNA and ORF2 mRNA of L1 were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain
reaction. After reactivation of fear memory, lamivudine was administered and its effects on fear memory
reconsolidation were observed.

Results:

ORF1 and ORF2 mRNA expressions in the mPFC and hippocampus after recent (24 h)
and remote (14 days) fear memory recall exhibited augmentation via different temporal and spatial
patterns. Reconsolidation of fear memory was markedly inhibited in mice treated with lamivudine,
which could block L1. DNA methyltransferase mRNA expression declined following lamivudine
treatment in remote fear memory recall.

Conclusions:

The retrotransposition of L1 participated in the reconsolidation of fear memory after
reactivation of fear memory, and with lamivudine treatment, spontaneous recovery decreased with
time after recent and remote fear memory recall, providing clues for understanding the roles of L1
in fear memory.
Diagnostic Properties and Significance of Tongue in Persian Medicine and Chinese Medicine
Authors: Farahi Omid Reza , Mozaffarpur Seyyed Ali , Gasemi Vahdi , Wei Gu , Nazem Esmaeil , Nejad Mina Motaleb , Faeghiniya Mehri , Mojahedi Morteza
Published: August 2020

In the medical schools of old civilizations, the use of clinical findings has been one of
the most important diagnostic methods. The features of tongue and pulse have widely been used as
important diagnostic factors in Persian medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. These features
are like a mirror reflecting the internal states of the body. This study aimed to evaluate the views of
Persian and Chinese medical schools on diagnostic indices of the tongue and compare their common
points. This review article compiles, categorizes, and analyses the diagnostics indices of the
tongue based on Persian medicine and Chinese medicine sources. To benefit from the experiences
of other researchers in this field and to search the desired contents, we used online databases, such
as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Baidu, and Web of Science. Five relevant indices
were assessed: colour, size, shape, movement, coating and taste. In the first four indices, there is a
high degree of commonality between the two schools regarding the properties of indices and even
how they reason about the inner state of the body and organs, especially coldness-warmness and
wetness indices of Mizaj [temperament]. Overall, considering the commonalities between Persian
medicine and Chinese medicine in the use of diagnostic indices of the tongue including colour,
shape, taste, and move, it is suggested that these commonalities can be used to make a more accurate
diagnosis of diseases. It shows that these commonalities have a theoretical basis and have been
practiced for a long time; they are worth spreading in the world.
Securing Energy Routing Protocol Against Black Hole Attacks in Mobile
Ad-Hoc Network
Authors: P. Rajendra Prasad , Shankar Shiva
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

The aim of securing energy routing protocol was to provide the countermeasures
to the attacks, particularly to the black hole in a mobile ad-hoc network, and enhancing
the network performance metric throughput, also reducing the end-to-end delay between the nodes
in the network. To build the protocol that enhances the performance of the network by modifying
the existing DSR protocol and by introducing a new route discovery mechanism in the proposed
protocol.

Methods:

The proposed protocol implementation has two phases, route request/reply phase and
route confirm phases. During the route discovery process, the route discovery from the source to the
destination process is described by sending the RREQ packet from the source hub, as shown in Fig.
1(a), when it does not have one accessible and cravings a route to a destination. The source node
transmits the RREQ to its associate nodes and the destination node reply with RREP. When the
source receives a reply message, the source node responds with a reverse path with a confirm
RCON message and providing security to the nodes in the network.

Results:

To verify the performance of the proposed protocol against the existing DSR protocol are
compared with respect to various network metrics like end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio
and validated the result by comparing both routing algorithm using Network Simulator 2.

Conclusion:

The results of the proposed SERP strongly safeguard against the attacks in the network,
and the packet delivery ratio is increased compared with the DSR; also, the end-to-end delay
is reduced in the proposed protocol.

Discussion:

Mobile ad-hoc networks are being dynamic in nature; it associates with issues related
to secure routing, energy and are generally vulnerable to several types of attacks. The DSR is one of
the widely used reactive protocols available for the mobile ad-hoc network and the proposed work
enhancing the security of the network in the existing pro.
Cвойства пленок на основе наноразмерных и субмикронных частиц InSb, пассивированных CdS
Authors: Шишкин М.И. , Никулин Ю.В. , Прихожденко Е.С.
Published: August 2020

In the InSb film fabricated by thermal evaporation on the CdS single crystal, growth of reflection in the infrared region similar to plasma resonance in the single crystals has observed. Raman spectra demonstrate that the ratio of amorphous and crystalline phases is approximately constant for InSb films on the CdS substrate, which is not typical for the InSb film on gallium gadolinium garnet. The current – voltage characteristics of the InSb film on CdS as well as the annealed layer of InSb (core)–CdS (shell) quantum dots are linear and become sensitive to illumination.
Синтезатор дискретной сетки частот на основе антиферромагнитного спинтронного осциллятора
Authors: Сафин А.Р. , Попов П.А. , Калябин Д.В. , Никитов С.А.
Published: August 2020

Dynamics of an antiferromagnetic spintronic oscillator phase-locked loop-based frequency synthesizer, which generates terahertz oscillations in a wide frequency range under the influence of direct current, was investigated. By the method of slowly varying amplitudes, a dependence of the gain on the ring of the phase locked loop on the difference in frequencies of synchronized oscillations at different division coefficients in the feedback circuit is obtained. It is shown that as the division coefficient increases, the band of synchronized oscillations decreases with unchanged parameters of the antiferromagnet-based spintronic oscillator.
Myopericarditis and skin rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Araque R Jorge , Jhenina Paez C
Published: August 2020

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, it should be the first diagnosis to be excluded, even in endemic areas of other diseases. The COVID-19 disease can be presented with cutaneous manifestations, especially in children. Cardiovascular complications must be taken into account since they can be undiagnosed in patients who do not develop symptoms.
El proceso de desmitificación de la vida por la cultura occidental: una mirada crítica desde la Filosofía de la Liberación y el pensamiento decolonial
Authors: Guerra Narbona Isabel
Published: August 2020

Todas las culturas que han poblado la Tierra han sentido un profundo respeto y admiración por la naturaleza, a la que siempre se había considerado sagrada. Sin embargo, a partir del siglo XVII, con el poder que fue acumulando Europa tras la invasión y conquista de América, y su apertura al Atlántico, se va desarrollando una nueva forma de hacer ciencia con respecto a la ciencia de los antiguos sabios. Ahora bien, este tipo de ciencia, motivado por un ego endiosado por el poder dominador, terminó por interpretar la naturaleza como una máquina. Como consecuencia, la propia vida sufre un proceso de desmitificación que se manifiesta en la cosificación y explotación que han vivido los seres humanos no-occidentales y la madre tierra hasta la actualidad.
La triple escritura del ser en la obra de Heidegger. Una interpretación a partir de los Cuadernos negros
Authors: Pineda Saldaña César Alberto
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo busca aclarar los motivos filosóficos por los cuales Martin Heidegger empleó, a lo largo de toda su obra, tres maneras de escribir la palabra ser: Sein, Seyn y Seyn (tachado). Se busca comprender cuál es el sentido de cada una de estas escrituras y su relación mutua, si existe entre ellas superación, negación o complementariedad. La tesis propuesta es que cada una de ellas nombra un aspecto distinto de la donación del ser, cada una se aproxima más que la anterior al fondo de la experiencia del ser, pero esto no significa que haya una superación, sino que los tres ámbitos designados están en una íntima relación de copertenencia. Se mostrará que Sein designa el proyecto filosófico que busca al ser como sentido, es decir, en la comprensión preontológica del hombre; Seyn se refiere a que el hombre no está inmediatamente vinculado con la esencia más auténtica de la verdad del ser, sino que ha de ser apropiado para ella, de modo que se apunta a la idea de Ereignis; finalmente, como es sabido, Seyn alude a la idea de la cuaternidad (das Geviert), pero además de ello, los últimos Cuadernos negros publicados permiten ver que el surgimiento de esta tercera escritura del ser está directamente vinculado con dos ideas prácticamente desconocidas en la obra publicada en vida del autor: la escatología del ser y un acontecimiento de expropiación, Enteignis.
Naturaleza, cultura y mundo de la vida. Algunas consideraciones ontológicas
Authors: Johnson David W.
Published: August 2020

En este artículo presentaré y desarrollaré el concepto de 風土 fūdo, o clima geocultural, una idea que se halla en el trabajo del filósofo japonés Watsuji Tetsurō. Mi tesis es que este concepto puede ayudarnos en dos sentidos. Primero, puede ayudarnos a comprender mejor la relación desconcertante entre la naturaleza y el artificio, es decir, la naturaleza y la cultura, y segundo, puede ayudarnos a repensar el concepto de naturaleza de una manera que ofrezca la posibilidad de un mundo natural reencantado.
ANALISIS GAYA BELAJAR SANTRI BERPRESTASI PONDOK PESANTREN AN-NUR 2 BULULAWANG MALANG
Authors: Putri Malawangi Rachmicha Devia , Syahri M
Published: August 2020

This research was carried out because the difficult thing done by students who study at Islamic boarding schools is time, how students can divide short learning time, with a solid routine. The purpose of this study is to find out (1) the learning styles of high-achieving students in Islamic boarding schools. (2) how students deal with less effective time for learning and doing assignments. (3) Supporting factors of high-achieving students in Islamic boarding schools. This type of research is a descriptive study with research subjects are students in An-Nur Bululawang Islamic boarding school. Data was collected using interviewtest results, documentation, and observation. The results of the data obtained in the form of interviews, observation and documentation were then analyzed. Descriptively, the results of the study show: (1) that the difference in the learning of students with high achievements and underachievement of students lies in their learning motivation. Motivation and enthusiasm for high learning tend to be owned by high achieving students with good learning. (2) there isno special way students achievers are better at managing leisure time. (3) there is no specific factor students with more achievement have and instil motivation into themselves.