bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction, Isolation, and Characterization of Pelargonidin 3,5-O-Diglucoside Salt from Pomegranate Flowers
Authors: G Kamble K. , S Laddha K.
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to understand the simple and reliable process for obtaining pelargonidin 3,5-o-diglucoside from pomegranate flowers. The process of isolating, characterizing, and exploring a constituent’s potential for natural origin is the first step in the development of new pharmacological frameworks. The investigation covers preliminary screening, titrable acidity, total phenolic, total anthocyanin, total reducing sugar content, and spectrum analysis by UV, IR, spectrofluorometric analysis, and EDS. The DPPH technique is then used to assess antioxidant activity. the 3, 5-O-diglucoside of pelargonidin. The cold maceration method removed HCl from pomegranate flowers using a green solvent methanol containing 0.1% methanolic HCl. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, and tannins are found in the methanolic pomegranate flower extract as secondary metabolites, according to preliminary screening. Total phenolic content (1.40–6.19 mg/g) of gallic acid as standard), total anthocyanin content 0.03 to 0.68 mg equivalent to cyanidin 3-glucoside (CGE)/g. UV-vis spectra showed λmax in the visible region at 502 nm. It showed strong DPPH radical activity at 85.80%, equivalent to the ascorbic acid standard. Energy dispersion X-ray analysis checked for elemental detection. The titrable acidity was found to be 1.216 in terms of citric acid. LCMS analysis for structural confirmation. Thus, the anthocyanins from agro-waste of pomegranate flowers could be the best way to extract and isolation it for commercial, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical use.
Design, Development and Characterization of Ropinirole Mouth Dissolving Film by using Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Akhade Bhavana , Chatap Vivekanand , Jain Prashant , Bhat Mahesh
Published: July 2023

The aim of the research was to develop a ropinirole mouth-dissolving film employing solvent casting and spin coating methods with sesbenia gum acting as a film-forming agent. Parkinson’s disease is treated with ropinirole. Sesbenia gum was designed as a film-forming ingredient in the 25 to 600 mg concentration range for solvent casting and 50 to 250 mg for spin coating. For both procedures, the concentration of the plasticizer propylene glycol was optimized between (0.3 and 1.0 mL). Film-forming agent and plasticizer effects at various concentrations were examined. For the solvent casting and spin coating processes, the plasticizer concentration was 0.3 mL for each, while the optimal film-forming agent concentrations were 50 and 150 mg, respectively. Ropinirole MDFs were made employing an enhanced concentration and more excipients. In comparison to the solvent casting approach, the spin coating process produced films with better surface morphology, a 24 seconds shorter disintegration time, good tensile strength of 3.2 (N/mm2), a thinner thickness of 0.2 mm, and a maximum drug content of 93.14%. Sesbenia gum has been discovered to have greater potential for the spin-coating method of developing a ropinirole mouth-dissolving film.
Development, Characterization and Short-Term Stability Studies of Chitosan-Lipid Hybrid Nanocarrier System
Authors: Shinde Manoj B. , Yadav Adhikrao V.
Published: July 2023

Pharmaceutical nanocarriers have recently been widely used to improve drug performance and reduce side effects. They have been shown to be effective for controlled release, sustained release, and targeted delivery. It is also possible to accomplish effective drug utilization, improve permeability, and attain selectivity of drugs. Chitosan polymer attracted the attention of formulation scientists due to its biocompatible, biodegradable nature and utility in drug delivery as a permeation enhancer, as well as its ability to achieve sustained, controlled, site-specific release. Furthermore, it has been shown to be an efficacious counter to both gram -ve and +ve bacteria. Chitosan is a useful carrier for a variety of nanosystems. Targeting the intestinal region of the gastrointestinal track the lymphatic system and other novel approaches will be possible if combined with long-chain fatty lipids. The present work developed a chitosan-lipid nanocarrier system (CLNS) by melt emulsification with sonication. The prepared system was assessed for size analysis, and determination of PDI, zeta potential and the findings were 221.3 ± 3.2 nm, 0.251 ± 0.01, 26.9 ± 2.2 mV, respectively. FTIR analysis reveals the polymer’s compatibility with lipid. DSC and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of amorphous CLNS. The TEM findings suggest that CLNS have a nearly spherical shape with a smooth surface morphology. Furthermore, the carrier system was tested for short-term stability studies, and it was observed that the system is more stable at refrigerated (4℃) and normal environmental conditions (25 ± 2℃ / 60 ± 5% RH)
than that of the accelerated conditions (40 ± 2℃/75 ± 5% RH).
Screening for Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors from Dendrobium Using the In-silico Method
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Setiawan Deni , Nastiti Kunti , Ridha Muhammad R. , Maladan Yustinus
Published: July 2023

The incidence of acute kidney failure has become a concern and needs preventive action as soon as possible. Fomepizole and ethanol are the treatment options for acute kidney injury (AKI). The development approach is carried out through structural approaches to fomepizole or ethanol, anti-inflammatory activity, and chelate formation. Dendrobium is a potential plant with various activities and many secondary metabolites such as bibenzyl, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, and phenanthrenes. This study aims to find compounds that have the potential to be ADH inhibitors from Dendrobium using the in-silico method. To identify potential natural compounds, 94 compounds from Dendrobium were taken from the KNApSAcK family database. Files from the receptor were prepared with YASARA software. Protox-II used to predict compound toxicity. Three compounds were obtained: o-succinyl benzoic acid, 3,4’-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl, and gigantol. All of them interact stably with ADH based on energy binding values. O-succinyl benzoic acid as the strongest, followed by gigantol, and 3,4’-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl.
The Effect of Living Place and Smoking on Blood Level of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury: As a Model of Pollutants in Human Blood
Authors: Mohammed Duha A. , Rathi Munther H. , Kadhim Talib J.
Published: July 2023

It is known that heavy metals (as lead, cadmium and mercury) are naturally occurring elements that have a high atomic weight and a density 5 times greater than that of water. Their different industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical and technological applications may led to distribution widely in the environment, raising their harmful effects on human health and the environment. Their effects and degree of toxicity depend on several factors, including the level of these metals in the blood and the age, gender, genetics, smoking, living place, and nutritional status of exposed individuals. Accordingly and in fact is needed to estimate heavy metals levels in the blood of living people in different areas in Iraq from time to time. The present study was designed to search the relation between heavy metal (lead, cadmium, and mercury) levels in the blood of people and smoking, and living place (rural, and city center), gender, as factors that may aggravate heavy metal toxicity in Diyala Province. Total 72 patients were considered in this study. Group (A) of 21 males (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) each sub group compose of three males, A1, A2, A3, from rural areas, while A4, A5, A6, A7,were from the center of the city, and group (B) of 51 females ( B1. B2. B3, B4) each sub group of 12, 13, 8, 18 in number respectively according to availability, at age (≤ 29), and at age (≥30). The results showed that in comparison 1 the level of lead and cadmium in the blood of individuals living in the center of the city was significantly higher in comparison to those living in the village in both mail and females at age (≤ 29), While in comparison 2, it was noted that the level of lead and cadmium together in the villagers was more than its level in the blood of city resident individuals, but statistically was not significant. The city’s residents than those in rural areas had more levels of mercury in their blood in all comparisons but statistically was not significant between the studied groups. The smoking factor had an effect on the levels of heavy metals in the blood, as the level of lead in smokers was higher compared to its level in non-smokers (control group) in comparisons 3 and 1, while the opposite was in comparison 2, the level of lead increased in non-smokers but statistically was not significant. The level of cadmium in the blood of smokers was higher compared to its level in non-smokers in all comparisons, as well as with mercury, its level increased in smokers in comparisons 3 and 1, except for comparison 2, where its level increased in non-smokers. The concentration of lead and mercury did not exceed the internationally permissible limits in individuals’ blood, while the cadmium level exceeded the internationally permissible limits.
Evaluation of Nephroprotective Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Trachyspermum ammi Leaves and Citrus paradisi Fruits against Prednisolone Induced ADPKD in Experimental Rats
Authors: Varalakshmi T. Naga , Chitra V.
Published: July 2023

The study evaluated the nephroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Trachyspermum ammi leaves and Citrus paradisi fruits against prednisolone-induced ADPKD in experimental rats. The hydroalcoholic extracts were given orally at 100 and 200 mg/kg for a period of 28 days. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring serum and urine creatinine, urea, uric acid, and proteinuria. Histopathological studies were also conducted. Materials and methods: Animal model was used to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from T. ammi leaves & C. paradisi fruits against prednisolone induced ADPKD in Wistar rats.
Effect of NiO Nanoparticles on Increasing Medical Compounds (Alkaloids) of Catharanthus vinca (L.) G Don. in Callus In-vitro
Authors: Al-Karkhi Mervat A. A. , Al-oubaidi Hashim K. M.
Published: July 2023

This study was carried out to boost Catharanthus vinca secondary metabolites (Alkaloids) production. NiO NPs were tested at 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/l in callus media in-vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses of the alkaloids components and compare them to their levels in the plant. Significant variations were seen at the higher (400 mg/l) concentration of NiO NPs for boosting alkaloids molecules.
In-vitro Evaluation of Antithrombin and Thrombolytic Activity of Leaves Extract of Lantana camara Linn
Authors: Mujbaile Smita , Khobragade Deepak , Mundhada Dharmenndra
Published: July 2023

Thrombosis is possible outcomes of excessive coagulation or inhibition of anticoagulant processes. The pathophysiology of thrombosis is primarily caused by irregularities of the vascular wall, changes in blood flow, and changes in blood composition. Now a day’s, various natural antithrombotic or thrombolytic medications are used for the treatment. This study evaluated the pharmacognostical, antithrombin and thrombolytic activity of leaves extract of plant Lantana camara. The extractive value of leaves extract of plant L. camara was higher (20.58%) in methylene chloride as solvent. Total ash of plant L. camara was about 9.00% w/w. In comparison with heparin L. camara extract shown 50.10, 60.23, 62.32, 68.48 and 71.32% antithrombin activity at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL concentration, respectively. When different extract concentrations were added in the tubes containing blood clots, L. camara showed a good thrombolytic activity. We conclude that the leaves extract of plant L. camara shows significant antithrombin and thrombolytic activity.
HPLC Method Validation for Quantification of Lisinopril
Authors: Pawar Vijaykumar , More Harinath
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to develop a straightforward, sensitive, exact, quick, and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for figuring out how much lisinopril is in pharmaceutical gels and other large amounts of medication. Agilent Zorbax Bonus-RP column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ) was used for the chromatographic separation. “A mobile phase composed of methanol and trifluoroacetic acid (50:50 v/v) was used to develop the analytical procedure. The flow was found to be occurring at a rate of 1-mL/min and with a wavelength of 215 nm. The retention time was 2.28 min. In a concentration range from 3–7 μg/mL (r2=0.998), the drug’s response was determined to be linear. The LoQ was 1.11 μg/mL, while the LoD was 0.36 μg/mL. Lisinopril’s %assay was determined to be 98.22%, while assays for the other medicines in the commercial formulation showed no interference from the excipients. This method functions well and can be applied to routine analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Sesbania Galactamannan Seed Gum for Pharmaceutical Application
Authors: Chatap Vivekanand , Choudhari Ganesh , Jain Prashant , Bhat Mahesh R.
Published: July 2023

The core focus of current research is chemical polysaccharide modification in pharmaceutical applications. The gum is made from the endosperm of Sesbania grandiflora Plant seeds that belongs to family Leguminosae. Both water-soluble and waterinsoluble gum were present in the Sesbania seed powder; the water-soluble gum was removed during purification, yielding a 30% purification yield. In order to increase the applications of partially hydroxypropyl Sesbania gum, the modifications indicated here entail adding hydroxypropyl groups to the molecule under a variety of different conditions. Among the factors that were looked at were the etherifying agent concentration, alkaline volume, and preparation medium parameters, including the reaction time and temperature. The degree of substitution (DS) was raised, which boosted the unaltered gum’s solubility, stability, and viscosity. Increases in an etherifying agent and alkali concentration, volume, reaction duration, and temperature increase DS from 0.4 to 0.7. The finished product was characterized using IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, rheologic property, solubility, swelling index, and gel fraction analysis of batch F1 as an improved batch. The alternate method for developing drug-loaded nanoparticles for controlled release dosages form by suing hydroxypropyl Sesbania gum.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors as Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Mangaki Ankit , Malviya Neelesh
Published: July 2023

Diabetes is a substantially growing unhealthiest in the globe that causes severe morbidity and mortality. Currently a day’s there’s an imperative for the invention, development and improvement of novel antidiabetic drug molecules. A chain of compound (5-imidazol-2-yl-4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl) [2-(2- pyridyl amino) ethyl] amine were developed and synthesized by using suitable chemical synthetic techniques. These recently synthesized derivatives were characterized with the help of modern analytical techniques. This compound was evaluated for glycogen synthase kinase-3 enzyme inhibitor activities for managing of polygenic disease. GSK-3 inhibitors may advance and emerge as a novel strategy for the management of diabetes.
A Validated Sensitive Stability Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Etoricoxib in Bulk and Formulation
Authors: Patil Khushabu , Narkhede Swapnal , Nemade Mahesh , Rane Sachin , Chaudhari Rajesh , Dhobale Gayatri , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2023

Aim: The current research aims to create a high-resolution and validated liquid chromatographic method used for quantitative detection of etoricoxib within dosage forms that is both easy to use and reliable in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Materials and Methods: Analysis was carried out at isocratic conditions at flow rate of 0.7 mL/min using a mobile phase consisting of 40 parts methanol to 60 parts water (0.1% OPA) at pH 3.2. The eluents were tested using UV detection at 236 nm. Results: Etoricoxib had clearly separated peaks with a retention duration of 4.347 minutes in the optimized settings. The concentration range used to generate the calibration curve was 10 to 60 μg/mL. LoD was 0.0779 μg/mL, and upper LoQ was 0.23 μg/mL. The approach has been effective in separating a known quantity of etoricoxib, and the percentage of degradation was shown to be very low across all stress settings. Conclusion: Etoricoxib in bulk drug and commercial formulations can be identified and quantified using the proposed method, which has been validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.
QbD Approach for Analysis of Tirzepatide in its Bulk and Marketed Formulation by Stability Indicating RP-HPLC
Authors: Goud VM , Sirisha P. , N Rachana K. , Godela Ramreddy , Prasad Beda D.
Published: July 2023

The core intentions of the stated work has been to create and validate a simple, sensitive, specific, precise and cost-effective RP-HPLC method with good performance for the investigation of tirzepatide in API powder and its marketed formulation. HPLC system (WATERS) equipped with DAD detection system was used to develop the current system. The procedure conditions of BDS C18 (150 x 4.6 mm,5 m), 0.01N KH2PO4: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 41:59 (% v/v), a flow of 0.9 mL/min, and a temperature of 31°C were successfully optimized by central composite design of QbD experiments. The optimized wavelength selected was 250 nm. RT of tirzepatide was observed to be 2.841 minutes with good system suitability. The ICH Q2(R1) standards functioned as a validation for the planned action strategy. Linearity was observed for 5 to 30 μg/mL concentration series of tirzepatide with R2 of 0.999. The %RSD results of both precisions were found in the range of 0.40 to 0.41.% recovery of Tirzepatide in spiked samples was assessed to be 99.89%. The LoD and LoQ of tirzepatide were calculated to be 0.05 and 0.14 μg/mL, respectively. The results assured that the established procedure was simple, sensitive, specific, accurate and costeffective. Exploration of tirzepatide under a diversity of FD conditions represents the stability representing the quality of the established HPLC procedure. Hence, the anticipated process has significant credit in the pharmaceutical segment.
The Nutritional Needs of Mothers and Babies: A Review
Authors: Joshi Sanjana , Sharma Luxita , Barde Lokesh , Tare Manoj , Baheti Dwarkadas , Dama Ganesh , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2023

The aim is to assess the importance of measuring healthy habits by pregnant women, that enhance different factors of mother and fetus health. We evaluate the change and variations in dietary recommendations. A female went through a lot of physical and mental changes in different stages of pregnancy and there are some common symptoms such as vomiting, fatigue, nausea, frequent urination, dizziness, etc. Certain hormonal changes are there to balance the body’s fatigue, tiredness, and hormones, few dietary recommendations are mentioned and it has been concluded that diet plays an important role during pregnancy, and meeting all the nutrition needs is an essential factor in planning the diet. Many diseases/deficiencies are there such as goiter, iodine deficiency, folate deficiency, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational weight gain, Neural tube defects, and much more. A detailed view is mentioned below in the following paper: On average, pregnancy lasts 40 to 42 weeks (Nine months). On average, weight gain for a pregnant woman is 12 to 14 kg, thus weight gain can lower the risk of complications during labor and also lower the risk of LBW (low birth weight). Low GWG increases the risk of having an LBW infant. The average weight of the baby should be 2.5–3 kg. A baby having this much body weight should be considered a healthy infant. We provide up-to-date advice for achieving optimal nutrition before conception, throughout breastfeeding, in the first two years of life, and for preschoolers, with an eye on long-term health benefits. These guidelines are intended to aid in the primary prevention of obesity and the non-communicable diseases it is linked to among economically privileged groups, such as European women and children. Medical professionals should be incentivized and educated to promote and advise patients on preconception nutrition, which includes enhancing adolescent nutrition and health. Women who are physically active, eat healthily, don’t smoke, don’t drink excessively, and have a good body mass index (BMI) have a higher chance of having a safe pregnancy. Women of childbearing age should have their consumption and status of specific micronutrients closely monitored, especially folate. Women at risk for insufficient dietary intake of certain micronutrients may benefit from taking dietary supplements containing iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, iodine, and maybe others. Smoke and alcohol should be strictly eliminated from the diet. Yes, diet plays an important role during pregnancy but staying physically active is equally important for the mother and the baby to promote general health and well-being. Exercise and stretching can reduce the risk of excessive maternal weight gain or gestational weight gain(Obesity). A long walk can greatly help a pregnant woman after lunch or in the morning.
Harnessing the Power of AI in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pawar Vijaykumar , Patil Abhinandan , Tamboli Firoj , Gaikwad Dinanath , Mali Dipak , Shinde Anilkumar
Published: July 2023

Personalized medicine, medication discovery, and development might all benefit greatly from AI’s incorporation into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Target identification, therapeutic effectiveness prediction, drug design optimization, obstacles, and future possibilities are all explored in this survey of AI applications in these areas. An overview of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is presented first, stressing the significance of knowing how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted and the correlation between drug concentration and pharmacological effect. The article then looks into the function of AI in target identification, exploring how machine learning algorithms and data integration may be used to discover new drug targets and enhance the design of existing ones. Classification and regression methods are also investigated for their potential use in the prediction of therapeutic efficacy using AI. Patient data, molecular interaction data, and clinical response data are just a few examples of the types of data that may be used to fuel the creation of predictive models that might assist in dosage and efficacy optimization. Metrics and procedures for validating these models are addressed to evaluate their efficacy. Additionally, de novo drug design, virtual screening, and structure-based drug design are all discussed in relation to the use of AI in optimizing drug development. The paper provides examples of how AI has been applied successfully in different settings, demonstrating its potential to hasten the drug discovery process and enhance treatment outcomes. We examine data availability, interpretability, and ethical implications as challenges and limits of AI in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. To guarantee these technologies’ proper and ethical use, we also discuss the regulatory elements and rules for applying AI in drug research. Possibilities and prospects for the use of AI in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are discussed as a conclusion to the review. It stresses the significance of regulatory standards and clinical translation, as well as the incorporation of multiomics data, deep learning methods, real-time monitoring, explainable artificial intelligence, collaborative networks, and more.
Horse Chestnut Seed Extract: An Opportunity for Creating Evidencebased New Natural Products
Authors: Chougule Poonam N. , Tayade M C , Chougule Nilesh B.
Published: July 2023

For centuries, herbal remedies have been used to prevent and treat disease. Horse chestnut seeds are an abundant source of phytoconstituents containing triterpenoid saponins, with thirty molecules isolated and characterized. Escin, which is a combination of acylated triterpene glycosides composed of α- and β-escin, is the major biologically active component of horse chestnut seed extract. Escin is the most researched veno-active compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and antioxidant properties. Due to their unique three pharmacological actions, escin is a well-established molecule for the management of venous diseases such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and hemorrhoids. The available treatments for CVI have some disadvantages, including severe side effects, expensive surgical options, long duration of treatment, and limited accessibility to allopathic drugs. As a result, phytoconstituents and lifestyle changes can be seen as safe and effective therapy options for CVI management because they have no major side effects and can simultaneously function on several targets. This review article focuses on the chemical components of horse chestnut extract, particularly the phytoconstituents escin, and proanthocyanidins, which have been extensively studied in preclinical and clinical studies. The review article provides a comprehensive overview of their potential therapeutic benefits in managing symptoms of CVI and their regulatory status.
Primary High-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Lung Mimicking Endobronchial Papilloma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kushwaha Naveen Kumar , Gupta Prashant , Jaiswal Pradeep , Dhaman Pawan Kumar
Published: July 2023

Primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of the lung are rare and present a diagnostic challenge. MEC lung comes under the broad classification of primary salivary gland type tumours of the lung. It usually involves large airways and presents clinically and radiologically with non-specific features. We report the case of a 26-year-old female patient wherein an initial clinicoradiological consideration of tuberculosis and biopsy report of endobronchial papilloma led to misdiagnosis and treatment delay. Flexible bronchoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of MEC following which patient underwent curative pulmonary sleeve resection with good post-operative outcome. Final histopathology revealed high-grade MEC, stage as pT2N0, and thus, patient is receiving cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. More studies and reporting of such cases are needed to formulate guidelines and avoid delay in management.
Sosyal medyada siyaset ve dezenformasyon: Haber metinlerine yönelik bir söylem analizi
Authors: YOLCU Tugba , KAYA Mehmet Said
Published: July 2023

En genel tanımıyla söylem ve topluma bilgi akışını sağlayan medya arasındaki ilişki, gündemi kontrol etmek isteyen aktörlerin medyayı kendi lehlerine kullanmak istemelerine yol açmakta ve aynı yolla bir politik söylem mücadelesine neden olmaktadır. Bu mücadeleye dahil olamayan insanlara sosyal medya objektif ve ilk elden bilgiye ulaşma, tartışmalara katılma ve fikir beyanında bulunma imkanı verir. Yaygın bir etkileşim ağı kuran sosyal medyaya dahil olan kullanıcıların ve özellikle aktörlerin, bu bakış açısıyla siyasi gündemle alakalı hızlı fakat dezenformasyon olarak nitelendirilen, yanlış içerikli ya da yönlendirici bilgi paylaşımında bulunabilmelerinin önünü açmış olur. Bu çalışmada söz konusu problemden hareketle dezenformasyona konu olan haberler ile Twitter sosyal ağında bu haberlere yönelik yapılan yorumlar eleştirel söylem analizi çerçevesinde analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Eleştirel söylem analizi sosyal bilimlerde var olan bir durumu anlamlandırmayı ve yorumlamayı hedeflediğinden çalışmanın yöntemi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın kapsamı, Twitter sosyal ağında paylaşımda bulunan haber sitelerinden seçilen beş dezenformasyon niteliğindeki örnek haber metni ile sınırlandırılmış ve bu paylaşımlara yine Twiiter üzerinden yapılan yorumlar arasından en fazla beğeni alanları dahil edilerek analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, dezenformasyon niteliği taşıyan örnek haberlerin araştırma sınırlılıkları çerçevesinde belirlenen kitleleri yönlendirme işlevi ile bu işlev neticesinde yankı odaları olarak ifade edilen ideolojik kümelenmeye yol açtığına yönelik bir durum tespiti yapılmıştır.
Determining and controlling conformational information from orientationally selective Light-Induced Triplet–Triplet Electron Resonance spectroscopy for a set of bis-porphyrin rulers
Authors: Bertran Arnau , De Zotti Marta , Timmel Christiane , Di Valentin Marilena , Bowen Alice
Published: July 2023

We recently reported a new technique, light-induced triplet–triplet electron resonance spectroscopy (LITTER), which allows quantification of the dipolar interaction between the photogenerated triplet states of two chromophores. Here we carry out a systematic LITTER study, considering orientation selection by the detection pulses, of a series of bis-porphyrin model peptides with different porphyrin–porphyrin distances and relative orientations. Orientation-dependent analysis of the dipolar datasets yields conformational information of the molecules in frozen solution which is in good agreement with density functional theory predictions. Additionally, a fast partial orientational-averaging treatment produces distance distributions with minimized orientational artefacts. Finally, by direct comparison of LITTER data to double electron–electron resonance (DEER) measured on a system with Cu(II) coordinated into the porphyrins, we demonstrate the advantages of the LITTER technique over the standard DEER methodology. This is due to the remarkable spectroscopic properties of the photogenerated porphyrin triplet state. This work sets the basis for the use of LITTER in structural investigations of unmodified complex biological macromolecules, which could be combined with Förster resonance energy transfer and microscopy inside cells.
Revealing the Structural Evolution of Electrode/Electrolyte Interphase Formation during Magnesium Plating and Stripping with operando EQCM-D
Authors: Schick Benjamin W. , Hou Xu , Vanoppen Viktor , Uhl Matthias , Kruck Matthias , Berg Erik J. , Jacob Timo
Published: July 2023

Rechargeable magnesium batteries could provide future energy storage systems with high energy density. One remaining challenge is the development of electrolytes compatible with the negative Mg electrode enabling uniform plating and stripping with high Coulombic efficiencies. Often improvements are hindered by a lack of fundamental understanding of processes occurring during cycling as well as the existence and structure of a formed interphase layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Here, a magnesium model electrolyte based on magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2) and MgCl2 with a borohydride as additive, dissolved in dimethoxyethane (DME), was used to investigate the initial galvanostatic plating and stripping cycles under operation conditions using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D). We show that side reactions lead to the formation of an interphase of irreversibly deposited Mg during the initial cycles. EQCM-D based hydrodynamic spectroscopy reveals the growth of a porous layer during Mg stripping. After the first cycles, the interphase layer is in a dynamic equilibrium between the formation of the layer and its dissolution, resulting in a stable thickness upon further cycling. This study provides operando information of the interphase formation, its changes during cycling and the dynamic behavior, helping to rationally develop future electrolytes and electrode/electrolyte interfaces and interphases.
Stereochemical Elucidation of Neohomohalichondrin B (aka Halistatin 3)
Authors: Aitken Harry , Kishi Yoshito
Published: July 2023

Halistatin 3 and neohomohalichondrin B are members of the halichondrin class of natural products, isolated and characterized independently, albeit without full stereochemical assignment. Here, we determine the absolute stereochemistry of these compounds, confirming they are structurally identical. This study involved the initial preparation of a series of stereoisomeric models for comparison with the left half of these natural products, leading to a proposed assignment of 50S,51R,54R for their left half side chain. Next, we prepared a synthetic compound incorporating this revised stereochemistry. Finally, we present two strands of evidence that this compound was structurally identical to the natural products: (i) NMR comparison showed excellent agreement with the reported data for both halistatin 3 and neohomohalichondrin B, and (ii) HPLC comparison confirmed that our revised stereochemistry was identical to an authentic sample of isolated halistatin 3.
Pressure-Responsive Polymer Chemosensors for Hydrostatic Pressure-Signal Detection: Poly-L-Lysine-Pyrene Conjugates
Authors: Wakako Soshi , Hori Yumiko , Kinoshita Tomokazu , Saiki Takao , Qi Xinyi , Hasegawa Koki , Imai Yoshitane , Mori Tadashi , Nakagawa Keiichi , Fukuhara Gaku
Published: July 2023

Stimulus-responsive polymer materials are an attractive alternative to conventional supramolecular and polymer assemblies for applications in sensing, imaging, and drug-delivery systems. Herein, we synthesized a series of pyrene-labeled- and -poly-L-lysine conjugates with varying degrees of substitution (DSs). Hydrostatic pressure-UV/vis, fluorescence, excitation spectroscopies, and fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed ground-state conformers and excited-state ensembles emitting fluorescence with variable intensities. The polylysine-based chemosensors demonstrated diverse ratiometric responses to hydrostatic pressure through adjustments in polar solvents, DSs, and polymer backbones. Additionally, the fluorescence chemosensor exhibited a promising glum value of 3.2 × 10-3, indicating potential applications in chiral fluorescent materials. This study offers valuable insights for the development of smart hydrostatic pressure-responsive polymer materials.
Multi-stage heterogeneous bubble nucleation under negative pressures
Authors: Chandra Anirban , Lee Harrison , Garde Shekhar , Keblinski Pawel
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we investigate homogeneous and heterogeneous bubble nucleation processes in systems under tension using molecular dynamics simulations. The maximum pressure (nucleation pressure, $\sigma_{min}$) sustained by the system is used a as measure of the system's propensity to nucleate a vapor bubble. In the presence of a planar gold substrate, nucleation pressure is essentially the same as homogeneous values when strong interaction exists between the gold atoms and water molecules; at weaker interactions, a significant lowering of nucleation pressure is observed, signifying that nucleation from such surfaces is easier. Reduction in nucleation pressure with decreasing gold-water surface interaction strength obtained from our simulations shows a good qualitative agreement with classical heterogeneous nucleation theory. As compared to planar surfaces, surfaces with grooves show a further reduction in nucleation barrier only for weak interfacial interactions. Furthermore, the groove dimensions also influence $\sigma_{min}$ -- an optimal groove geometry exists for which $\sigma_{min}$ is minimized; our results indicate that this occurs when the length scale of the defect is comparable to that of the critical (homogeneous) bubble nucleation radius. Moreover, in the presence of defects, multiple barriers to nucleation exist. Our findings provide design guidelines for surface grooves for controllable generation of vapor bubbles; such hydrophobic grooves should be avoided for maximizing overheat or can be used for spatially controlled boiling.
THE PARTICULARITIES OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE RURAL POPULATION IN THE TVER OBLAST IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES. MODERN RESEARCH METHODS
Authors: Канищев В.В.
Published: July 2023

Статья является частью широких исследований по истории демографического поведения русского сельского населения Центральной и Южной частей Европейской России. Сравнительное изучение 20 регионов позволяет выявить особенности каждого из них. В данном случае поставлена задача определить специфику демографической истории Тверской области. Статья основана на разнообразных справочно-статистических источниках общероссийского и первичного характера. Использование количественных методов и информационных технологий обработки источников позволило получить достаточно обоснованные и чёткие результаты. Автор установил, что демографическая специфика Тверской области на протяжении столетнего исторического пути сформировалась вполне определённо: от вхождения в единую группу русских губерний Центра и Юга Европейской части в начале XX в. до выделения к началу XXI в. в одну группу с урбанизированными соседними нечерноземными областями, зависимыми от влияния Москвы и Петербурга.

This paper is part of vast research into the history of the demographic behavior of the Russian rural population in Central and Southern Russia. A comparative study of 20 regions makes it possible to identify the particularities of each one of them. In this particular case the task is to determine the particularity of the demographic history of the Tver Oblast. Various allRussian primary statistical sources provided the basis for this study. The use of quantitative methods and IT solutions for processing these sources yielded sound and clear results. The author determines that the demographic particularity of the Tver Oblast has been clearly formed over one hundred years of its history: from the moment when it was included into a united group of Russian governorates of the Center and South of European Russia in the beginning of the 20th century until it joined a separate group of urbanized adjacent oblasts outside the Black Earth belt that are influenced by Moscow and Saint-Petersburg.
FIRST SOVIET PR ACTION: EXHIBITION OF THE VANTGARDE IN BERLIN, 1922
Authors: Красовицкая Т.Ю.
Published: July 2023

История Первой выставки русского искусства, прошедшей в Берлине в 1922 г., обросла детективными, но важными подробностями для характеристики как PR власти и ее проектов. О самой выставке, углубляясь в дипломатический и партийно-пропагандистский аспект обстоятельств ее организации и деятельности, подробно писали многие исследователи, например, В.П. Лапшин и Е. Берар, сдвигая фокус внимания с поля культурной политики на поле советской неразберихи и конкуренции государственных и партийных структур. При этом они анализировали политикогосударственные мотивы и механизмы, лежащие в их основе. Наша цель – сосредоточиться на первой PR-акции Наркомпроса РСФСР, на значении почти неведомой Атлантиды этнокультурного российского авангардизма, ее связи с советской модернизацией.

The history of the First Exhibition of Russian Art, held in Berlin in 1922, was overgrown with detective but important details to characterize both the PR power and its projects. Many researchers, for example, V.P. Lapshin and E. Berar, shifting the focus of attention from the field of cultural policy to the field of Soviet confusion and competition between state and party structures. At the same time, they analyzed the political and state motives and the mechanisms underlying them. Our goal is to focus on the first PR campaign of the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, on the meaning of the almost unknown Atlantis of ethno-cultural Russian avantgarde, its connection with Soviet modernization.
LOCAL PRACTICES OF WORLD JUSTICE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES. (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE TVER PROVINCE)
Authors: Куликова С.Г.
Published: July 2023

В статье рассматривается деятельность мировых судов в Тверской губернии. Особое внимание уделено анализу состава дел мировых судов, эволюции отношения общества к их деятельности. В статье описаны достоинства и недостатки деятельности мировых судов Тверской губернии. Особенностью «мирового» судопроизводства Тверской губернии следует считать стремление судей решать дела путем взысканий. Наложение денежных штрафов было обычной мерой, но применение её было затруднено в связи с тем, что крестьянское население было малоимущим, т. е. было не в состоянии уплатить даже незначительные суммы. Весь период работы мировых судов шло интенсивное обсуждение результатов их деятельности. Наряду с очевидными достоинствами отмечались и недочёты, главным из которым можно назвать некоторую формализованность принятых решений.

The article examines the activity of magistrates' courts in the Tver province. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the composition of cases of magistrates' courts, the evolution of society's attitude to their activities. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the activity of the magistrates' courts of the Tver province. A feature of the «world» legal proceedings of the Tver province should be considered the desire of judges to solve cases by penalties. The imposition of monetary fines was a common measure, but its application was difficult due to the fact that the peasant population was poor, that is, they were unable to pay even insignificant amounts. During the entire period of the magistrates' courts, there was an intensive discussion of the results of their activities. In addition to the obvious advantages, there were also shortcomings, the main of which can be called some formalization of the decisions taken.
EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE KOLA PENINSULA IN THE LATE 1980S – EARLY 1990S (FROM MEMORIES OF MURMANSK WOMEN)
Authors: Штылева М.В.
Published: July 2023

В статье рассматриваются изменения повседневности жителей Мурманской области в конце 1980-х – начале 1990-х гг., отражённые в научных трудах и памяти жительниц Мурманска. Статья написана на основе материалов двенадцати интервью с мурманчанками. Отмечается, что в основе кризиса повседневности жителей Кольского Заполярья на рубеже 1980-х – 1990-х гг. лежали негативные изменения в экономике региона: резкое ухудшение снабжения Севера продуктами питания, сокращение количества предприятий и рабочих мест, быстрое падение доходов населения, отказ государства от выполнения своих социальных обязательств. В заключении автором делается вывод о том, что женщины использовали новые стратегии поведения, которые позволили им справиться с кризисом повседневности, объединяясь в клубы и организации самопомощи.

The article discusses the changes of everyday life in the Murmansk region in the late 1980s – early 1990s, reflected in the scientific works and memory of the residents of Murmansk. The article was written on the basis of the materials of twelve interviews with Murmansk women. It is noted that the crisis of the everyday life of the inhabitants of the Kola Peninsula at the turn of the 1980s – 1990s was based on the negative changes in the economy of the region: the drastic decrease in the food supply of the North, reduction of enterprises and jobs, the fast decline in the incomes of the population, the refusal of the state to fulfill its social obligations. The author concludes that women used new behavioral strategies that allowed them to cope with the crisis of everyday life by joining clubs and self-help organizations.
THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN RUSSIAN EMPIRE: BETWEEN PATERNALISM AND SUBSIDIARITY
Authors: Букалова С.В.
Published: July 2023

Статья раскрывает эволюцию общественного призрения в Российской империи в годы Первой мировой войны через призму патерналистских и этатистских тенденций. В предреволюционный период исторически характерная для России модель благотворительности в отношении помощи жертвам войны сменилась появлением централизованной государственно-общественной системы во главе с Верховным Советом по призрению семей лиц, призванных на войну, а также семей раненых и павших воинов. Формально негосударственная, эта система была связана с государством через членов императорской фамилии, должностных лиц местной администрации и самоуправления, казённое финансирование. Предоставление помощи облекалось в формы патерналистского попечения монаршей семьи о подданых. Сделан вывод о том, что советская патерналистская социальная политика имеет свои истоки в периоде Первой мировой войны.

The article reveals the evolution of public charity in the Russian Empire during the World War I through the prism of paternalistic and statе-dominance tendencies. In the pre-revolutionary period traditional model of charity in Russia, relating with the assistance to war victims, was replaced by the emergence of a centralized state-public system, headed by the Supreme Council for the care of families of persons called up for war, as well as families of wounded and fallen soldiers. Formally non-state, this system was connected with the state through members of the imperial family, officials of the local administration and self-government, state funding. The provision of assistance was clothed in the forms of paternalistic care of the monarch’s family for the subjects. It is concluded that the Soviet paternalistic social policy has its origins in the period of the World War I.
PHÁT HIỆN VI KHUẨN PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA GÂY BỆNH TỤ HUYẾT TRÙNG Ở CỪU PHAN RANG BẰNG KỸ THUẬT PCR
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Kim Cúc , Nguyễn Hữu Thọ , Nguyễn Thị Diễm , Nguyễn Thị Oanh , Hồ Thị Xuân Túy , Bùi Văn Lợi , Nguyễn Xuân Huy , Lê Công Tuấn , Nguyễn Văn Phú
Published: July 2023

Tụ huyết trùng là một bệnh truyền nhiễm có thể gây thiệt hại nghiêm trọng cho chăn nuôi gia súc, gia cầm nếu không được chẩn đoán và điều trị kịp thời. Vì vậy, trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi đã phát triển phương pháp PCR có độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu và độ chính xác cao để phát hiện sự có mặt của vi khuẩn P. multocida, một trong những tác nhân gây bệnh tụ huyết trùng trên cừu Phan Rang. Gen KMT1 của vi khuẩn P. multocida được nhân lên bằng cặp mồi đặc hiệu FKMT1/RKMT1 ở nồng độ khoảng 104 bản sao của plasmid mang gen đích. Phản ứng PCR không bị ảnh hưởng khi có mặt DNA của một số vi khuẩn Gram âm khác như E. coli hay M. haemolytica. Đặc biệt, với phương pháp PCR, chúng tôi đã phát hiện sự có mặt của vi khuẩn P. multocida từ mẫu DNA thô thu được bằng xử lý mẫu vi khuẩn/mẫu dịch ngoáy mũi của cừu nghi nhiễm bệnh trong đệm TE chứa 0,1% TritonX-100 mà không cần tinh sạch DNA tổng số. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên công bố một phương pháp xác định sự có mặt của P. multocida trên cừu Phan Rang và là cơ sở để xây dựng quy trình chẩn đoán hiệu quả nhằm góp phần kiểm soát bệnh tụ huyết trùng trên đối tượng này.
PHÂN TÍCH VÙNG GENE trnL-trnF CỦA CÂY SÂM CAU (Curculigo orchioides) TỰ NHIÊN THU TẠI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Bùi Lê Thanh Nhàn , Trương Thị Bích Phượng , Hoàng Tấn Quảng
Published: July 2023

Sâm cau (Curculigo orchioides), thuộc chi Curculigo, họ Hypoxidaceae, là một loài thảo dược quý và đã được người dân tin dùng để chăm sóc và bảo vệ sức khỏe. Hiện nay, nhu cầu trồng cây Sâm cau ngày càng tăng cao, nhưng các nghiên cứu dựa trên các chỉ thị DNA của Sâm cau nhằm phát triển chỉ thị để tránh nhầm lẫn trong quá trình thu mua nguyên liệu ở dạng khô vẫn chưa có nhiều. Trong nghiên cứu này, vùng gene trnL-trnF của 15 nguồn gene Sâm cau thu hái từ ba khu vực thuộc tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế đã được giải trình tự và phân tích nhằm phục vụ cho công tác định danh, phân loại và phân tích sự tiến hoá. Kết quả cho thấy vùng gene trnL-trnF của các mẫu nghiên cứu có trình tự tương đồng 99% và độ bao phủ 100% so với trình tự NC 053892 của loài Curculigo orchioides. Chúng tôi đã xác định được năm loại haplotype tại tỉnh Thừa thiên Huế với hệ số đa dạng haplotype (Hd) 0,705 ± 0,088. Mức độ khác biệt di truyền giữa các quần thể dao động từ 0 đến 0,49%. Quần thể Sâm cau ở tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế tiến hoá theo hướng chọn lọc cân bằng, trung tính và quần thể ngẫu nhiên do thiếu các allen hiếm xuất hiện trong quần thể.