bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of controller for mobile robot in welding process of shipbuilding engineering
Authors: Ku Namkug , Ha Sol , Roh Myung-Il
Published: January 2015

The present study describes the development of control hardware and software for a mobile welding robot. This robot is able to move and perform welding tasks in a double hull structure. The control hardware consists of a main controller and a welding machine controller. Control software consists of four layers. Each layer consists of modules. Suitable combinations of modules enable the control software to perform the required tasks. Control software is developed using C programming under QNX operating system. For the modularizing architecture of control software, we designed control software with four layers: Task Manager, Task Planner, Actions for Task, and Task Executer. The embedded controller and control software was applied to the mobile welding robot for successful execution of the required tasks. For evaluate this imbedded controller and control software, the field tests are conducted, it is confirmed that the developed imbedded controller of mobile welding robot for shipyard is well designed and implemented.
Optimization of injection molding process for car fender in consideration of energy efficiency and product quality
Authors: Park Hong Seok , Nguyen Trung Thanh
Published: January 2015

Energy efficiency is an essential consideration in sustainable manufacturing. This study presents the car fender-based injection molding process optimization that aims to resolve the trade-off between energy consumption and product quality at the same time in which process parameters are optimized variables. The process is specially optimized by applying response surface methodology and using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) in order to resolve multi-object optimization problems. To reduce computational cost and time in the problem-solving procedure, the combination of CAE-integration tools is employed. Based on the Pareto diagram, an appropriate solution is derived out to obtain optimal parameters. The optimization results show that the proposed approach can help effectively engineers in identifying optimal process parameters and achieving competitive advantages of energy consumption and product quality. In addition, the engineering analysis that can be employed to conduct holistic optimization of the injection molding process in order to increase energy efficiency and product quality was also mentioned in this paper.
Naval ship's susceptibility assessment by the probabilistic density function
Authors: Kim Kwang Sik , Hwang Se Yun , Lee Jang Hyun
Published: January 2015

The survivability of the naval ship is the capability of a warship to avoid or withstand a hostile environment. The survivability of the naval ship assessed by three categories (susceptibility, vulnerability and recoverability). The magnitude of susceptibility of a warship encountering with threat is dependent upon the attributes of detection equipment and weapon system. In this paper, as a part of a naval ship's survivability analysis, an assessment process model for the ship's susceptibility analysis technique is developed. Naval ship's survivability emphasizing the susceptibility is assessed by the probability of detection, and the probability of hit. Considering the radar cross section (RCS), the assessment procedure for the susceptibility is described. It's emphasizing the simplified calculation model based on the probability density function for probability of hit. Assuming the probability of hit given a both single-hit and multiple-hit, the susceptibility is accessed for a RCS and the hit probability for a rectangular target is applied for a given threat.
Phenological characteristics of global coccolithophore blooms
Authors: Hopkins Jason , Henson Stephanie A. , Painter Stuart C. , Tyrrell Toby , Poulton Alex J.
Published: January 2015

Coccolithophores are recognized as having a significant influence on the global carbon cycle through the production and export of calcium carbonate (often referred to as particulate inorganic carbon or PIC). Using remotely sensed PIC and chlorophyll data, we investigate the seasonal dynamics of coccolithophores relative to a mixed phytoplankton community. Seasonal variability in PIC, here considered to indicate changes in coccolithophore biomass, is identified across much of the global ocean. Blooms, which typically start in February–March in the low‐latitude (~30°) Northern Hemisphere and last for ~6–7 months, get progressively later (April–May) and shorter (3–4 months) moving poleward. A similar pattern is observed in the Southern Hemisphere, where blooms that generally begin around August–September in the lower latitudes and which last for ~8 months get later and shorter with increasing latitude. It has previously been considered that phytoplankton blooms consist of a sequential succession of blooms of individual phytoplankton types. Comparison of PIC and chlorophyll peak dates suggests instead that in many open ocean regions, blooms of coccolithophores and other phytoplankton can co‐occur, conflicting with the traditional view of species succession that is thought to take place in temperate regions such as the North Atlantic.
Sensitivity of terrestrial precipitation trends to the structural evolution of sea surface temperatures
Authors: Anderson Bruce T. , Lintner Benjamin R. , Langenbrunner Baird , Neelin J. David , Hawkins Ed , Syktus Jozef
Published: January 2015

Pronounced intermodel differences in the projected response of land surface precipitation (LSP) to future anthropogenic forcing remain in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 model integrations. A large fraction of the intermodel spread in projected LSP trends is demonstrated here to be associated with systematic differences in simulated sea surface temperature (SST) trends, especially the representation of changes in (i) the interhemispheric SST gradient and (ii) the tropical Pacific SSTs. By contrast, intermodel differences in global mean SST, representative of differing global climate sensitivities, exert limited systematic influence on LSP patterns. These results highlight the importance to regional terrestrial precipitation changes of properly simulating the spatial distribution of large‐scale, remote changes as reflected in the SST response to increasing greenhouse gases. Moreover, they provide guidance regarding which region‐specific precipitation projections may be potentially better constrained for use in climate change impact assessments.
Internally generated decadal cold events in the northern North Atlantic and their possible implications for the demise of the Norse settlements in Greenland
Authors: Moreno‐Chamarro Eduardo , Zanchettin Davide , Lohmann Katja , Jungclaus Johann H.
Published: January 2015

We attribute and describe the governing mechanisms of decadal cold excursions in the subpolar North Atlantic of similar amplitude and duration to cold events reconstructed from climate‐proxies during the last millennium detected in an ensemble of three transient and one unperturbed climate simulation. The cold events are attributed to internal regional climate variability, with varying external forcing increasing their magnitude and frequency. The underlying general mechanism consists of a feedback loop initiated by a weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, which induces persistent colder and fresher surface conditions in the Labrador Sea and, eventually, a deep convection shutdown. We thus exclude a hemispheric climate reorganization or a weak ocean overturning circulation as necessary trigger for such events. An associated northeastward atmospheric cold advection over the Labrador Sea deteriorates local living conditions on south Greenland, essential for the sustainability of the Norse settlements.
Absolute magnetization of the seafloor at a basalt‐hosted hydrothermal site: Insights from a deep‐sea submersible survey
Authors: Szitkar Florent , Dyment Jérôme , Fouquet Yves , Choi Yujin , Honsho Chie
Published: January 2015

The analysis of high‐resolution vector magnetic data acquired by deep‐sea submersibles (DSSs) requires the development of specific approaches adapted to their uneven tracks. We present a method that takes advantage of (1) the varying altitude of the DSS above the seafloor and (2) high‐resolution multibeam bathymetric data acquired separately, at higher altitude, by an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, to estimate the absolute magnetization intensity and the magnetic polarity of the shallow subseafloor along the DSS path. We apply this method to data collected by DSS Nautile on a small active basalt‐hosted hydrothermal site. The site is associated with a lack of magnetization, in agreement with previous findings at the same kind of sites: the contrast between nonmagnetic sulfide deposits/stockwork zone and strongly magnetized basalt is sufficient to explain the magnetic signal observed at such a low altitude. Both normal and reversed polarities are observed in the lava flows surrounding the site, suggesting complex history of accumulating volcanic flows.
Sparse set membership identification of nonlinear functions and application to fault detection
Authors: Novara Carlo
Published: January 2015

The problem of approximating an unknown function from data and deriving reliable interval estimates is important in many fields of science and technology. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to solve this problem, based on a sparsification technique and a nonparametric set membership analysis. Assuming that the noise affecting the data is bounded and the unknown function satisfies a mild regularity assumption, it is shown that the algorithm provides an approximation with suitable optimality properties, together with tight interval estimates. An innovative approach to fault detection, based on the derived interval estimates, is then proposed, overcoming some relevant problems proper of the ‘classical’ techniques. The approach is applied in a simulation study to solve the challenging problem of fault detection for a new class of wind energy generators, which uses kites to capture the power from high‐altitude winds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS‐Enabled Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Systems
Authors: Huang Jian‐An , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Ding Hong , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: January 2015

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been combined with microfluidic Lab‐on‐a‐Chip (LoC) systems for sensitive optofluidic detection for more than a decade. However, most microfluidic SERS devices still suffer from analyte contamination and signal irreproducibility. In recent years, both the microfluidics and SERS communities have developed their own solutions that are complementary to each other; their combination even has potential for commercialization. In this review, the recent advances in both fields are summarized with regard to the development of reliable multifunctional SERS‐enabled LoC systems and their broad applications. Starting from SERS fundamentals, reproducible SERS substrates and dynamic microfluidic trapping are discussed. Based on their combination, on‐chip applications beyond SERS are presented, and insight can be gained into the commercialization of portable SERS chips.
Single‐dose intravenous gammaglobulin can stabilize neutrophil Mac‐1 activation in sickle cell pain crisis
Authors: Manwani Deepa , Chen Grace , Carullo Veronica , Serban Stelian , Olowokure Olugbenga , Jang Jungeun , Huggins Matthew , Cohen Hillel W. , Billett Henny , Atweh George F. , Frenette Paul S. , Shi Patricia A.
Published: January 2015

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) decreases neutrophil adhesion to endothelium and red blood cell‐neutrophil interactions in sickle cell mice undergoing vaso‐occlusion. In this Phase I clinical trial of sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients admitted with pain crisis, we evaluated the status of adhesion molecules on neutrophils in control and IVIG‐treated subjects pre‐ and post‐infusion up to 800 mg/kg, the same dose used in murine studies. Mac‐1 function significantly decreased from baseline in the low‐dose IVIG (200–400 mg/kg) cohorts. IVIG‐related adverse events may have occurred in the high‐dose (600–800 mg/kg) cohorts. There were no significant increases in neutrophil and leukocyte counts, suggesting that IVIG may more selectively inhibit Mac‐1 function as opposed to neutrophil adhesion. This study provides the first in‐human validation of pre‐clinical murine studies that IVIG can decrease Mac‐1 function. Am. J. Hematol. 90:381–385, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymeric Ionic Liquid and Carbon Black Composite as a Reusable Supporting Electrolyte: Modification of the Electrode Surface
Authors: Yoo Seung Joon , Li Long‐Ji , Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Little R. Daniel
Published: January 2015

One of the major impediments to using electroorganic synthesis is the need for large amounts of a supporting electrolyte to ensure the passage of charge. Frequently this causes separation and waste problems. To address these issues, a polymeric ionic liquid–Super P carbon black composite has been formulated. The system enables electrolyses to be performed without adding an additional supporting electrolyte, and its efficient recovery and reuse. In addition, the ability of the composite to modify the electrode surface in situ leads to improved kinetics. A practical consequence is that one can decrease catalyst loading without sacrificing efficiency.
The Structure and Optical Properties of the [Au18(SR)14] Nanocluster
Authors: Chen Shuang , Wang Shuxin , Zhong Juan , Song Yongbo , Zhang Jun , Sheng Hongting , Pei Yong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: January 2015

Decreasing the core size is one of the best ways to study the evolution from AuI complexes into Au nanoclusters. Toward this goal, we successfully synthesized the [Au18(SC6H11)14] nanocluster using the [Au18(SG)14] (SG=L‐glutathione) nanocluster as the starting material to react with cyclohexylthiol, and determined the X‐ray structure of the cyclohexylthiol‐protected [Au18(C6H11S)14] nanocluster. The [Au18(SR)14] cluster has a Au9 bi‐octahedral kernel (or inner core). This Au9 inner core is built by two octahedral Au6 cores sharing one triangular face. One transitional gold atom is found in the Au9 core, which can also be considered as part of the Au4(SR)5 staple motif. These findings offer new insight in terms of understanding the evolution from [AuI(SR)] complexes into Au nanoclusters.
λ‐Orthogonal Pericyclic Macromolecular Photoligation
Authors: Hiltebrandt Kai , Pauloehrl Thomas , Blinco James P. , Linkert Katharina , Börner Hans G. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: January 2015

A photochemical strategy enabling λ‐orthogonal reactions is introduced to construct macromolecular architectures and to encode variable functional groups with site‐selective precision into a single molecule by the choice of wavelength. λ‐Orthogonal pericyclic reactions proceed independently of one another by the selection of functional groups that absorb light of specific wavelengths. The power of the new concept is shown by a one‐pot reaction of equimolar quantities of maleimide with two polymers carrying different maleimide‐reactive endgroups, that is, a photoactive diene (photoenol) and a nitrile imine (tetrazole). Under selective irradiation at λ=310–350 nm, any maleimide (or activated ene) end‐capped compound reacts exclusively with the photoenol functional polymer. After complete conversion of the photoenol, subsequent irradiation at λ=270–310 nm activates the reaction of the tetrazole group with functional enes. The versatility of the approach is shown by λ‐orthogonal click reactions of complex maleimides, functional enes, and polymers to the central polymer scaffold.
Starch foams containing biomass from the second generation cellulosic ethanol production
Authors: Ge Changfeng , Lansing Baxter , Aldi Robert
Published: January 2015

Second generation bioethanol is produced from lignocellulose which comes from agricultural waste instead of agricultural feedstock. This study utilized the residuals from the extraction of C5 and C6 sugars in the second generation bioethanol while 20 and 40 wt % of the biomass was blended with starch into a starch/biomass foam. After adding the biomass into starch foam, the morphology of the starch foam changed significantly, showing rough surfaces, higher cell densities, as well as smaller cell areas than the starch only foam. Adding the biomass into the starch overall resulted in the reduction of the compressive strength, the stiffness, and the density of the starch foam. The water sensitivity of the starch foam/biomass was reduced by 60%, indicating a significant improvement of the hydrophilic nature of the starch foam. The foam/biomass demonstrated a lower thermal stability than neat starch foam due to the decomposition of the biomass. The study concluded that the biomass from the second generation cellulosic ethanol process possess similar physical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the other starch foam composite, and yet, no additive is required. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41940.
Phosphorous, nitrogen co‐doped carbon from spent coffee grounds for fuel cell applications
Authors: Ramasahayam Sunil Kumar , Azam Saad , Viswanathan Tito
Published: January 2015

Spent coffee grounds, which represents the vast solid residual matter generated from consumed coffee beans, requires proper reutilization. This work represents the production of an alternate material from spent coffee grounds to replace expensive metal based catalysts currently used as electrodes in fuel cells. A novel microwave assisted technique which is easy, rapid, and economical is utilized for the synthesis of Phosphorous, Nitrogen co‐doped carbon (PNDC) from spent coffee grounds and ammonium polyphosphate. SEM analysis revealed that PNDC is composed of distinct, spherical shaped particles. PNDC has a BET surface area of ∼507 m2 g−1 and is predominantly mesoporous. XPS reveals that PNDC contains about 1.90% N and 3.02% P besides C and O. PNDC exhibits good O2 reduction response in 0.1M KOH, which was found to be comparable to that of 20% Pt/C. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41948.
Aliphatic–aromatic poly(butylene carbonate‐co‐terephthalate) random copolymers: Synthesis, cocrystallization, and composition‐dependent properties
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhu Wenxiang , Li Chuncheng , Zhang Dong , Xiao Yaonan , Guan Guohu , Zheng Liuchun
Published: January 2015

A series of aliphatic–aromatic poly(carbonate‐co‐ester)s poly(butylene carbonate‐co‐terephthalate)s (PBCTs), with weight‐average molecular weight of 113,000 to 146,000 g/mol, were synthesized from dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl terephthalate, and 1,4‐butanediol via a two‐step polycondensation process using tetrabutyl titanate as the catalyst. The PBCTs, being statistically random copolymers, show a single Tg over the entire composition range. The thermal stability of PBCTs strongly depends on the molar composition. Melting temperatures vary from 113 to 213°C for copolymers with butylene terephthalate (BT) unit content higher than 40 mol %. The copolymers have a eutectic melting point when about 10 mol % BT units are included. Crystal lattice structure shifts from the poly(butylene carbonate) to the poly(butylene terephthalate) type crystal phase with increasing BT unit content. DSC and WAXD results indicate that the PBCT copolymers show isodimorphic cocrystallization. The tensile modulus and strength decrease first and then increase according to copolymer composition. The enzymatic degradation of the PBCT copolymers was also studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41952.
Identification and Putative Roles of Distinct Subtypes of Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Neuroimmune Communication: What can be Learned from Other Organ Systems?
Authors: Alpaerts Katrien , Buckinx Roeland , Adriaensen Dirk , Van Nassauw Luc , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre
Published: January 2015

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, just like the skin and the airways, is constantly exposed to both harmless and pathogenic organisms and hence requires a tightly regulated immune homeostasis to function properly. A central role in the regulation of this balance is played by the dendritic cells (DCs), a heterogeneous population of antigen‐presenting cells that can be further divided into distinct subsets with different functions depending on the tissue they reside in. In recent years, the DC population in the lamina propria (LP) of the intestine has emerged as a key player in immune surveillance. Given the extensive innervation of the GI mucosa, these DC subsets possibly are also regulated by interactions with neuronal components. Current knowledge, be it still fragmentary, indicates that dysregulation of this neuroimmune communication leads to the onset of pathological disorders. The present review article deals with the identification and interaction of distinct subtypes of mouse intestinal LP DCs with elements of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in normal and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the question is addressed whether any parallels can be drawn between intestinal LP DCs and DCs residing in the skin and lung in order to gain a better insight into common or clearly distinct mechanistic pathways and the possible impact of the mucosal components in the microenvironment. The exact way in which the ENS is serving its immunomodulatory roles in the GI tract is still largely unknown, although there are significant indications for a crosstalk between LP DCs and components of the ENS. This review clearly shows that in the three different organ systems the same neurotransmitters (i.e., SP, CGRP, and VIP) reoccur, serving similar functions. Mechanistic lessons learned from other organ systems, such as the skin and lung, may be of substantial help in further exploring the nature of the neuroimmune communication between GI innervation and LP DCs. Anat Rec, 298:903–916, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscular reconstruction and functional morphology of the hind limb of santacrucian (Early Miocene) sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) of Patagonia
Authors: Toledo Néstor , Bargo M. Susana , Vizcaíno Sergio F.
Published: January 2015

This article presents a morphofunctional analysis of the hind limb of Santacrucian (Early Miocene) sloths from southernmost Patagonia (Argentina). These fossil sloths were mid sized to large animals, ranging from 40 to 120 kg, and their postcranial skeleton was markedly different in shape compared with that of extant tree sloths, which vary from 2 to 10 kg. The functional anatomy of the hind limb of Santacrucian sloths was compared with that of living xenarthrans (tree sloths, anteaters, and armadillos), which involved reconstruction of the hind limb musculature and comparative and qualitative morphofunctional analyses, and hypotheses on the biological role of the hind limb in terms of preferences in substrate, posture, and strategies of locomotion were formulated. The hind limb of Santacrucian sloths bears strong resemblances to that of living South American anteaters in stoutness of skeletal elements, form of the characteristics related to muscular and ligamentous attachments, and conservative, pentadactylous strong‐clawed pes. The musculature was very well developed, allowing powerful forces, principally in entire limb adduction, crus flexion and extension, pes extension, and toe prehension. These functional features, together with those of the forelimb, are congruent with climbing behavior, and support the hypothesis that Santacrucian sloths were good but slow climbing mammals. However, their climbing strategies were limited, owing principally to their comparatively large body size, and they relied to a large extent on their powerful musculature and curved manual and pedal unguals for both moving and standing on the arboreal supports. Anat Rec, 298:842–864, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Unexpected Double Diels–Alder Reaction of (E)‐2‐Bromo‐4‐aryl‐1,3‐pentadiene Involving [1,5]‐Hydrogen Migration and HBr Elimination: Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene Derivatives
Authors: Huang Pingping , Liu Lingyan , Chang Weixing , Li Jing
Published: January 2015

An unexpected double Diels–Alder (DDA) reaction of (E)‐2‐bromo‐4‐aryl‐1,3‐pentadiene was developed and resulted in a series of “butterfly‐like” bicyclo[2.2.2]octene derivatives in moderate to good yields without the need for a metal catalyst. The proposed mechanism involves a [1,5]‐sigmatropic hydrogen migration and HBr elimination. Through this decisive [1,5]‐hydrogen shift step, the electronic properties and steric hindrance of the conjugated diene substrate are completely altered and the DDA reaction of this potential diene synthon is successfully achieved.
Anthryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole‐Substituted Calix[4]arenes as Highly Selective Fluorescent Chemodosimeters for Fe3+
Authors: Chen Ying‐Jung , Yang Shun‐Chieh , Tsai Chia‐Chen , Chang Kai‐Chi , Chuang Wen‐Han , Chu Wei‐Lun , Kovalev Vladimir , Chung Wen‐Sheng
Published: January 2015

Fluorescent chemosensors1and2, with 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as the binding ligands and anthracene as the fluorophore, were synthesized through sequential 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 25,27‐dioxyacetonitrilecalix[4]arenes8and11. The fluorescence of1was severely quenched by both Fe3+and Cu2+, whereas that of2was selectively quenched only by Fe3+. Control compound4was also selectively quenched by Fe3+, which implied the importance of anthryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole core; furthermore, it was shown to give various oxidation products such as oxanthrone13, anthraquinone14, and imidazolyl oxanthrone15. In addition to product separation and identification, the fluorescent quenching mechanism of these 9‐anthryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazolyl derivatives by Fe3+is also discussed. Furthermore, it should be noted that the oxadiazole‐substituted anthracene4and calix[4]arene2are Fe3+‐selective fluorescent chemodosimeters without the interference by Cu2+.
Stability Analysis of Stochastic Interconnected Systems by Vector Lyapunov Function Method
Authors: Shi Jizhong , Zhang Jiye , Xu Xiaohui , Yu Xuecai
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the interconnecting structure between a certain system and its lower order subsystems within the infinite‐dimension stochastic interconnected systems is analyzed. Assuming that the excitations are parametric white noises, the exponential string stability for a few classes of nonlinear stochastic interconnected systems is discussed. By using the vector Lyapunov function method, the sufficient conditions of exponential string stability are derived, expanding the scope of the parameters for systems stability. Moreover, some cases of exponential string stability for vehicle‐following systems in automated highway systems are specified. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate the proposed method.
In silico peptide prediction for antibody generation to recognize 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in genetically modified organisms
Authors: Marani Mariela M. , Costa Joana , Mafra Isabel , Oliveira Maria Beatriz P.P. , Camperi Silvia A. , de Souza Almeida Leite José Roberto
Published: January 2015

For the prospective immunorecognition of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (CP4‐EPSPS) as a biomarker protein expressed by transgenic soybean, an extensive in silico evaluation of the referred protein was performed. The main objective of this study was the selection of a set of peptides that could function as potential immunogens for the production of novel antibodies against CP4‐EPSPS protein. For this purpose, the protein was in silico cleaved with trypsin/chymotrypsin and the resultant peptides were extensively analyzed for further selection of the best candidates for antibody production. The analysis enabled the successful proposal of four peptides with potential immunogenicity for their future use as screening biomarkers of genetically modified organisms. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to select and define potential linear epitopes for the immunization of animals and, subsequently, to generate adequate antibodies for CP4‐EPSPS recognition. The present work will be followed by the synthesis of the candidate peptides to be incubated in animals for antibody generation and potential applicability for the development of an immunosensor for CP4‐EPSPS detection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 91–100, 2015.
Simultaneous determination of the novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor meditinib and its active metabolite demethylation meditinib in monkey plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Liang Feng , Kong Qi , Guo Yongqi , Wang Yu , Sun Dejie , Liu Shi , Cai Jinling , Guan Yongbiao , Ding Rigao
Published: January 2015

Meditinib (ME) is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as an antichronic myeloid leukemia drug. A simple, sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS method was developed and validated for the analysis of ME and its metabolite demethylation meditinib (PI) in monkey plasma using naltrexone as the internal standard. Sample preparation involved protein precipitation with methanol. The analysis was carried out on an Agilent C8 column (3.5 µm, 2.1 × 50 mm). Elution was achieved with a mobile phase gradient varying the proportion of a water solution containing 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and a 0.1% formic acid in methanol solution (solvent B) at a flow rate of 300 μL/min. The method had a linear calibration curve over the concentration range of 2–1000 ng/mL for ME and 2–1000 ng/mL for PI. The lower limits of quantification of ME and PI were 2 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision values were <15% and accuracy values were within ±10.0%. The mean recoveries of ME and PI from plasma were >85%. The assay has been successfully used for pharmacokinetic evaluation of ME and PI using the monkey as an animal model, and those data are reported for the first time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Examination of Violence Risk Communication in Practice Using a Structured Professional Judgment Framework
Authors: Storey Jennifer E. , Watt Kelly A. , Hart Stephen D.
Published: January 2015

The increased use of violence risk assessment tools in professional practice has sparked the development of best‐practice guidelines for communicating about violence risk. The present study examined 166 pre‐sentence reports, authored by clinicians and probation officers, to determine the extent to which they are consistent with those guidelines. We examined the frequency with which reports contained information about five topics: the presence of risk factors; the relevance of risk factors; scenarios of future violence; recommended management strategies; and summary risk judgments. Analyses revealed that the topics addressed most frequently in reports were the presence of risk factors and recommended management strategies, but none of the five topics was addressed consistently, completely, or clearly in reports. This was especially the case for probation reports. The findings highlight the need to improve practice through better implementation of guidelines for risk communication. Also needed is research on the extent to which information in risk communications is comprehended, accepted, and used by various stakeholder groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Happens to Mental Health Court Noncompleters?
Authors: Ray Bradley , Hood Brittany J. , Canada Kelli E.
Published: January 2015

Mental health court (MHC) research consistently finds that defendants who successfully complete and graduate from the court are less likely to recidivate than those who do not. However, research has not assessed what happens to these noncompleters once they are sent back to traditional court. Using follow‐up data on six years of noncompleters from pre‐adjudication MHC, we examine what happens to these defendants in traditional court. Findings suggest that 63.7% of defendants' charges were dismissed, 21.0% received probation, and 15.3% were sentenced to incarceration. We examine the time to disposition and differences in defendant characteristics and disposition outcome as well as the relationship between disposition and subsequent recidivism. Results suggest that more severe punishments in traditional court are associated with recidivism. Logistic regression analysis shows that defendants whose charges were dismissed in traditional court were less likely to recidivate than those who were sentenced to probation or incarceration. Our findings highlight the need for future MHC evaluations to consider traditional court outcomes and support trends towards post‐adjudication courts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tampering with Cell Division by Using Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of CDK–CKS Protein Interactions
Authors: Hamdi Amel , Lesnard Aurélien , Suzanne Peggy , Robert Thomas , Miteva Maria A. , Pellerano Morgan , Didier Bruno , Ficko‐Blean Elizabeth , Lobstein Annelise , Hibert Marcel , Rault Sylvain , Morris May C. , Colas Pierre
Published: January 2015

Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) control many cellular processes and are considered important therapeutic targets. Large collections of inhibitors targeting CDK active sites have been discovered, but their use in chemical biology or drug development has been often hampered by their general lack of specificity. An alternative approach to develop more specific inhibitors is targeting protein interactions involving CDKs. CKS proteins interact with some CDKs and play important roles in cell division. We discovered two small‐molecule inhibitors of CDK–CKS interactions. They bind to CDK2, do not inhibit its enzymatic activity, inhibit the proliferation of tumor cell lines, induce an increase in G1 and/or S‐phase cell populations, and cause a decrease in CDK2, cyclin A, and p27Kip1 levels. These molecules should help decipher the complex contributions of CDK–CKS complexes in the regulation of cell division, and they might present an interesting therapeutic potential.
38 mm Stents: Go Big and Go Long
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J.
Published: January 2015

Key Points

This article demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of using the 38 mm Xience Prime (Abbott Vascular) everolimus‐eluting stent in an unselected real‐world population over one year.

This work may alleviate concerns of stent thrombosis or restenosis with long second‐generation drug‐eluting stents.

Prospective, randomized trials would provide more clear evidence that long stents are safe.
Melamine‐Based Microporous Network Polymer Supported Palladium Nanoparticles: A Stable and Efficient Catalyst for the Sonogashira Coupling Reaction in Water
Authors: Shunmughanathan Murugesan , Puthiaraj Pillaiyar , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: January 2015

A template consisting of a melamine‐based microporous polymer network was synthesized and utilized as a solid support to stabilize palladium nanoparticles; the resulting Pd/SNW1 material showed good catalytic activity in copper‐free Sonogashira coupling in water. Various aryl iodides were efficiently coupled with arylacetylenes under very low catalyst loadings in an environmentally benign medium. Hot filtration tests confirmed the heterogeneity of the catalyst, which was reused under the optimized conditions without any significant change in its activity. This simple preparation of the catalyst, the stability of the catalyst, product selectivity, and easy recovery and regeneration indicate the possible utilization of this catalytic system in a multitude of catalyzed reactions and industrial processes.
Functionalization of CeO2(1 1 1) by Deposition of Small Ni Clusters: Effects on CO2 Adsorption and O Vacancy Formation
Authors: Hahn Konstanze R. , Seitsonen Ari P. , Iannuzzi Marcella , Hutter Jürg
Published: January 2015

In this study we have used density functional theory calculations to investigate the stability, structure and catalytic properties of Ni clusters supported on CeO2. We have found Ni clusters to be stabilized with increasing cluster size up to ten atoms both as isolated clusters and adsorbed on CeO2(1 1 1). Analysis of the structural properties showed an opening of the Ni particles when deposited on CeO2(1 1 1) indicating facilitated accessibility for reacting molecules. The reactivity of the functionalized surface has been examined on the example of CO2 adsorption and activation and compared to the one on pristine CeO2(1 1 1) and isolated Ni clusters. Furthermore, the effect of Ni cluster deposition on the formation and characteristics of surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies in CeO2 has been investigated. The oxygen vacancy position is found to significantly affect the stability and electronic structure of the Ni/CeO2 system.
Highly Fluorinated Tris(indazolyl)borate Silylamido Complexes of the Heavier Alkaline Earth Metals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Efficient Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroamination
Authors: Romero Nuria , Roşca Sorin‐Claudiu , Sarazin Yann , Carpentier Jean‐François , Vendier Laure , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Dinoi Chiara , Etienne Michel
Published: January 2015

Heteroleptic silylamido complexes of the heavier alkaline earth elements calcium and strontium containing the highly fluorinated 3‐phenyl hydrotris(indazolyl)borate {F12‐Tp4Bo, 3Ph}− ligand have been synthesized by using salt metathesis reactions. The homoleptic precursors [Ae{N(SiMe3)2}2] (Ae=Ca, Sr) were treated with [Tl(F12‐Tp4Bo, 3Ph)] in pentane to form the corresponding heteroleptic complexes [(F12‐Tp4Bo, 3Ph)Ae{N(SiMe3)2}] (Ae=Ca (1); Sr (3)). Compounds 1 and 3 are inert towards intermolecular redistribution. The molecular structures of 1 and 3 have been determined by using X‐ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibits a Sr⋅⋅⋅MeSi agostic distortion. The synthesis of the homoleptic THF‐free compound [Ca{N(SiMe2H)2}2] (4) by transamination reaction between [Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2] and HN(SiMe2H)2 is also reported. This precursor constitutes a convenient starting material for the subsequent preparation of the THF‐free complex [(F12‐Tp4Bo, 3Ph)Ca{N(SiMe2H)2}] (5). Compound 5 is stabilized in the solid state by a Ca⋅⋅⋅β‐SiH agostic interaction. Complexes 1 and 3 have been used as precatalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination of 2,2‐dimethylpent‐4‐en‐1‐amine. Compound 1 is highly active, converting completely 200 equivalents of aminoalkene in 16 min with 0.50 mol % catalyst loading at 25 °C.
Misfit‐Layered Bi1.85Sr2Co1.85O7.7−δ for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Beyond van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Chua Chun Kiang , Sofer Zdeněk , Jankovský Ondřej , Pumera Martin
Published: January 2015

Recent research on stable 2D nanomaterials has led to the discovery of new materials for energy‐conversion and energy‐storage applications. A class of layered heterostructures known as misfit‐layered chalcogenides consists of well‐defined atomic layers and has previously been applied as thermoelectric materials for use as high‐temperature thermoelectric batteries. The performance of such misfit‐layered chalcogenides in electrochemical applications, specifically the hydrogen evolution reaction, is currently unexplored. Herein, a misfit‐layered chalcogenide consisting of CoO2 layers interleaved with an SrO–BiO–BiO–SrO rock‐salt block and having the formula Bi1.85Sr2Co1.85O7.7−δ is synthesized and examined for its structural and electrochemical properties. The hydrogen‐evolution performance of misfit‐layered Bi1.85Sr2Co1.85O7.7−δ, which has an overpotential of 589 mV and a Tafel slope of 51 mV per decade, demonstrates the promising potential of misfit‐layered chalcogenides as electrocatalysts instead of classical carbon.
From Lignocellulosic Biomass to Furans via 5‐Acetoxymethylfurfural as an Alternative to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Kang Eun‐Sil , Hong Yeon‐Woo , Chae Da Won , Kim Bora , Kim Baekjin , Kim Yong Jin , Cho Jin Ku , Kim Young Gyu
Published: January 2015

A facile pathway to furan derivatives from lignocellulosic biomass via 5‐acetoxymethylfurfural (AMF) was developed. AMF possesses advantageous properties due to its less‐hydrophilic acetoxymethyl group relative to the hydroxymethyl group of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The hydrophobicity and chemical stability of AMF allowed practical isolation and purification to afford a highly pure product of up to 99.9 %. AMF was produced in good to excellent yields under mild conditions from 5‐chloromethylfurfural (CMF) and alkylammonium acetates, both of which could be obtained directly from lignocellulosic biomass. Heterogeneous reactions with polymer‐supported alkylammonium acetates were also established; this showed the feasibility of a continuous process for this pathway. AMF could be transformed into various promising furanic compounds, such as 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2,5‐furandimethanol (FDM), and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furanoic acid (HFA), in high yields.
The Role of Mott–Schottky Heterojunctions in Ag–Ag8SnS6 as Counter Electrodes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: He Qingquan , Huang Shoushuang , Wang Cheng , Qiao Qiquan , Liang Na , Xu Miao , Chen Wenlong , Zai Jiantao , Qian Xuefeng
Published: January 2015

Well‐defined uniform pyramidal Ag–Ag8SnS6 heterodimers are prepared via a one‐pot method. A plausible formation mechanism for the unique structures based on a seed‐growth process and an etching effect due to oleylamine is proposed. The formed metal–semiconductor Mott–Schottky heterojunction promotes electron transfer from semiconducting Ag8SnS6 to metallic Ag, which catalyzes the reduction of I3− to I−. When used as counter electrode in dye‐sensitized solar cells, the heterodimers show comparable performance to platinum.
Thermodynamics of the Quark‐Gluon Plasma at Finite Chemical Potential: Color Path Integral Monte Carlo Results
Authors: Filinov V.S. , Bonitz M. , Ivanov Y.B. , Ilgenfritz E.‐M. , Fortov V.E.
Published: January 2015

Based on the constituent quasiparticle model of the quark‐gluon plasma (QGP), color quantum path‐integral Monte‐Carlo (PIMC) calculations of the thermodynamic properties of the QGP are performed. We extend our previous zero chemical potential simulations to the QGP at finite baryon chemical potential. The results indicate that color PIMC can be applied not only above the QCD critical temperature Tc but also below Tc. Besides reproducing the lattice equation of state our approach yields also valuable additional insight into the internal structure of the QGP, via the pair distribution functions of the various quasiparticles. In particular, the pair distribution function of gluons reflects the existence of gluon‐gluon bound states at low temperatures and μ = 175 MeV, i.e. glueballs, while meson‐like bound states are not found. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of Coulomb Logarithm and Relaxation Processes in Dense Plasma on the Basis of Effective Potentials
Authors: Kodanova S. K. , Ramazanov T. S. , Issanova M. K. , Nigmetova G. N. , Moldabekov Zh. A.
Published: January 2015

In this paper the relaxation properties of non‐isothermal dense plasmas were studied. Based on the effective interaction potentials between particles, the Coulomb logarithm for two‐temperature non‐isothermal dense plasmas was obtained. These potentials take into consideration long‐range multi‐particle screening effects and short‐range quantum‐mechanical effects in two‐temperature plasmas. The relaxation processes in such plasmas were studied using the Coulomb logarithm. The obtained results were compared with theoretical works of other authors and with the results of molecular dynamics simulation. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Dynamical Structure Function of the One‐Component Plasma Revisited
Authors: Korolov I. , Kalman G. J. , Silvestri L. , Donkó Z.
Published: January 2015

We present high precision Molecular Dynamics simulations for the dynamical structure function, S (k, ω), of the classical Coulomb One Component Plasma (OCP), for a wide range of the coupling parameter Γ (from 0.05 to 10 000). We follow the positive‐to‐negative transition of the slope of the ω (k) dispersion curve at small wave numbers caused by the onset of correlations with increasing coupling. The high signal‐to‐noise ratio of the data over several orders of magnitude allows examination of a wide dynamical range of S (k, ω), including extreme values of ω and k, and the identification of waves at higher harmonics of the plasma frequency. Sum rules are found to be accurately satisfied. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamical Screening and Wake Effects in Classical, Quantum, and Ultrarelativistic Plasmas
Authors: Moldabekov Zh. A. , Ludwig P. , Joost J.‐P. , Bonitz M. , Ramazanov T. S.
Published: January 2015

Wakefields are of omnipresent nature in non‐equilibrium situations, but their appearance and parametrical scaling is very diverse. Therefore, in this work the topological structure and characteristics of the dynamically screened potential is outlined for three representative systems in completely different physical regimes: (i) a classical complex (dusty) plasma, (ii) a degenerate electron‐ion plasma at high densities, and (iii) an ultrarelativistic quark‐gluon plasma. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of droughts on water provision in managed alpine grasslands in two climatically different regions of the Alps
Authors: Leitinger Georg , Ruggenthaler Romed , Hammerle Albin , Lavorel Sandra , Schirpke Uta , Clement Jean‐Christophe , Lamarque Pénélope , Obojes Nikolaus , Tappeiner Ulrike
Published: January 2015

This study analyzes the impact of droughts, compared with average climatic conditions, on the supporting ecosystem service water provision in sub‐watersheds in managed alpine grasslands in two climatically different regions of the Alps, Lautaret (French Alps) and Stubai (Austrian Alps). Soil moisture was modelled in the range of 0–0.3 m. At both sites, current patterns showed that the mean seasonal soil moisture was (1) near field capacity for grasslands with low management intensity and (2) below field capacity for grasslands with higher land‐use intensity. Soil moisture was significantly reduced by drought at both sites, with lower reductions at the drier Lautaret site. At the sub‐watershed scale, soil moisture spatial heterogeneity was reduced by drought. Under drought conditions, the evapotranspiration to precipitation ratios at Stubai was slightly higher than those at Lautaret, indicating a dominant ‘water spending’ strategy of plant communities. Regarding catchment water balance, deep seepage was reduced by drought at Stubai more strongly than at Lautaret. Hence, the observed ‘water spending’ strategy at Stubai might have negative consequences for downstream water users. Assessing the water provision service for alpine grasslands provided evidence that, under drought conditions, evapotranspiration was influenced not only by abiotic factors but also by the water‐use strategy of established vegetation. These results highlight the importance of ‘water‐use’ strategies in existing plant communities as predictors of the impacts of drought on water provision services and related ecosystem services at both the field and catchment scale. © 2015 The Authors. Ecohydrology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.