bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Starting Points to Order Investigation: Why and How to Enrich the Logic of Research Questions
Authors: Bausman William C.
Published: January 2022

What methodological approaches do research programs use to investigate the world? Elisabeth Lloyd’s Logic of Research Questions (LRQ) characterizes such approaches in terms of the questions that the researchers ask and causal factors they consider. She uses the Logic of Research Questions Framework to criticize adaptationist programs in evolutionary biology for dogmatically assuming selection explanations of the traits of organisms. I argue that Lloyd’s general criticism of methodological adaptationism is an artefact of the impoverished LRQ. My Ordered Factors Proposal extends the LRQ to characterize approaches with sequences of questions and factors. I highlight the importance that ordering one’s investigation plays in approaches at the level of adaptationism by analyzing two research programs in community ecology: competitionists and neutralists. Competitionists and neutralists take opposed starting points and use explanatory and developmental heuristics to consider more factors in due time. On the Ordered Factors Proposal, these approaches are not only the ecological factors they are open to considering but also the order in which they will consider them. My disagreement with Lloyd’s over how to characterize methodological approaches reflects different views about methodological monism and pluralism.
An enunciative description of three concessive sentence adverbs in English: yet, however, nevertheless
Authors: Ranger Graham
Published: January 2022

Les constructions concessives impliquent une opération complexe selon laquelle l’énonciateur signale la prise en compte, sinon la validation, d’un rapport d’inférence entre deux états de choses p et q, tout en s'opposant à ce rapport dans le contexte. De telles constructions peuvent marquer une distance prise par l’énonciateur vis-à-vis de l’une ou l’autre des propositions en présence, voire du rapport inférentiel sous-jacent. Ce positionnement subjectif, par rapport aux domaines de p, q et du rapport entre ces deux, est corrélé à l’emploi de certains marqueurs, qui peuvent recevoir des paramétrages complémentaires selon leur configuration contextuelle.La présente étude se concentre sur trois constructions concessives en particulier (le terme de « construction » est employé au sens large d’une configuration textuelle en tenant compte de la position et du contexte) impliquant la catégorie des connecteurs : YET, HOWEVER et NEVERTHELESS. Chaque marqueur est décrit à la lumière de la théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives, comme la trace d’opérations portant sur la construction de valeurs référentielles pour les propositions associées, ainsi que sur le positionnement énonciatif. La modélisation des opérations correspond à des configurations contextuelles caractéristiques des marqueurs, décrites à la lumière de données extraites de corpus (le British National Corpus, et un court texte argumentatif contemporain).
The Value of the Company and Sustainable Development
Authors: Bąk Iwona Dorota , Szczecińska Beata
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study is to attempt to systematize the concept of economic value that takes into account elements of sustainable development. At the same time, it is the voice in the ongoing discussion on the purpose and methods of valuation of the company's value. The measure of strength of each enterprise is its value expressed in monetary units. Due to differences in the results of the valuation of enterprises made by groups of experts representing such disciplines as finance, taxes, or marketing, there was a need to identify sources and to analyze more precisely the resulting discrepancies. The values of the enterprise should include both measurable and hard to measure values, which largely differentiate economic units from each other. The need for a wider perspective on the data published by enterprises appeared along with new business models, changes in consumer trends, environmental regulations, or the impact of social media.
Methodological Approach to Systematization of Business Continuity in Organizations
Authors: Russo Nelson , Reis Leonilde
Published: January 2022

The underlying concept of business continuity is that an organization must have the strategic and tactical capability to plan and respond to business incidents and interruptions, in order to continue business operations at an acceptable predefined level. This chapter proposed an approach to business continuity management in an organization through the definition and implementation of a set of four related phases. The authors integrate the main guidelines, based on the literature review and on good practices and concerns, referred to in the ISO standards and on ITIL, CMMI, and COBIT frameworks. This approach will allow organizations to address the most relevant activities for the development of a business continuity management program. By implementing each of the phase activities, the organization will have a systematic overview of the steps required for an optimized planning and response to business incidents and disruptions, supported by the strategy defined framed within their needs.
Competency Framework for Managing Manpower Post-Pandemic
Authors: Sudha Shwati , Singh Ankita
Published: January 2022

Since the initial days of 2020, an array of radical transformations in every domain of business have been seen. This led to the efficient and effective management of manpower to welcome a novel normal era post-pandemic. It requires an updated set of competencies post-COVID-19. The objective of the study is to identify the upcoming challenges and changes to manage manpower post-pandemic, explore the strategic modifications in the competency framework and HR policy, and recognize the changes in the leadership style post-pandemic. The exploratory study uses a systematic review technique to analyze qualitatively the secondary data extracted from the different directory of journals. The study summarizes the findings under two different areas. The first deals with the challenges of the post-pandemic era which include maintenance of business continuity, management of remote work, mental health and emotional stability, employee engagement, etc. Along with these, changes in the roles, activities, skills, competencies, policies, and leadership style occur in the organizations.
Integrating Business Intelligence With Cloud Computing
Authors: Jaswal Shivani
Published: January 2022

Cloud Computing has emerged as an expression that has described various other computing concepts that involve computers that are interconnected virtually. It is so prominent that it has modified the architecture by incorporating new design principles. Also, the present economic crisis, which is being experienced by most of the world, has oriented us towards cloud computing and its efficient services. Here, business intelligence plays a pivotal role in extraction of valuable information and identifying hidden patterns of data. Also, any organization in striving stage can also act smartly with the use of various business intelligence solutions. Various benefits are also offered by the BI solutions such as working together as a team and identifying various resolutions. The contribution of this chapter is to show how the cloud computing environment has been merged with business intelligence to fulfil the future need of uplifting of economy.
Restarting Manufacturing Industries Post Covid-19
Authors: Narula Sanjiv , Kumar Anil , Puppala Harish , Dwivedy Maheshwar , Prakash Surya , Singh Rajinder , Talwar Vishal
Published: January 2022

This research aims to identify the critical challenges associated with restarting manufacturing organizations post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors conducted an expert-based survey among various industry leaders of manufacturing organizations to capture a holistic view of business continuity plans and the associated challenges. The selected individuals are responsible for making business continuity policies and plans at their respective organizations. They were asked to reflect on their experience of the present-day challenges in managing business continuity in their organizations. Expert interviews were reflective and provided candid inputs. Consequently, the keywords of the experts' feedback were synthesized by using the mind map qualitative approach, which helps in the visualization of the critical challenges at an abstract level. Further, the interrelation between them and the significance of each critical challenge is evaluated using fuzzy theory with the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The findings of these evaluations will help to assess the existing policies/practices and to strengthen business continuity plans post-COVID-19. This study is a pioneering work that will help organizations to prepare action plans for kick-starting their broken-down economic engines.
Theory of Shocks About States in Static and Dynamic Economics
Authors: Pilipenko Olga Ivanovna , Pilipenko Zoya Andreevna , Pilipenko Andrey Igorevich
Published: January 2022

The place of the state in the theory of shocks is predetermined by the increasing importance of the subjective component of the processes of self-movement of systemic integrities. The main problem is that the state formalizes the actions of subjects as economic agents, abstracting from social conditions that generate the individual values of a person implemented in the economy. So, the economic subject acquires its own individual values in a society with a sharp polarization of citizens' incomes, inequality of opportunities, a shrinking middle class, and an ineffective public healthcare system, as demonstrated by the coronavirus pandemic. As a result, a fundamental problem arises of the discrepancy between society and economy as well as formal and informal institutions that predetermine the opportunistic behavior of the economic subjects. Thus, the state persistently strives for financial stability in the economy, abstracting from the problems of social disunity.
Communication in the Age of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Constant Jean , DeLaTorre Pacheco Sindy
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting communities worldwide today in many novel ways. The rapidity at which the disease is transmitted and the amount of information available in real-time creates a unique situation. This research, based on qualitative remediation at the community level, provides a fertile ground from which significant patterns are emerging. The authors reviewed the literature available as well as over 100 individual sites of local administrations, faith-based, NGOs, local charitable and community initiatives. It is premature to project an accurate picture of how to alleviate best the distress caused by a pandemic. However, some significant and credible patterns have emerged that lead to conclude that, next to transparency, initiatives based on proactive use of peer to peer e.communication, direct e.outreach, and e.collaboration between parties lead to constructive and successful initiatives.
Active Social Listening and Its Impact on Firm Strategies
Authors: Bhattacharyya Som Sekhar , Neenu Neenu
Published: January 2022

Due to the present customer voice in a digital world, keeping a watchful eye on what customers were expressing on social media became a necessary firm imperative. For this study, the authors found that rather than using FGDs and survey research, digital tools like the applications of social media listening could serve as a valuable platform for gathering insights about a firm's latest strategy. This could be complemented by the existing channels of feedback. This research study focused on customer perspective. Data was collected from Indian consumers and social media handling experts regarding social listening based upon a semi structured open-ended questionnaire. The data collected was content analyzed based upon thematic content analysis. Customer voices were reading majorly complaints and compliments followed by advocacy. This helped to comprehend how well firm managers aligned and helped in getting insights regarding marketplace reflections for assessing a firm, its products, and its brands.
Sustainable Management Accounting Systems for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
Authors: Gunarathne Nuwan , Cooray Thilini
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of environmental and sustainability management accounting (EMA) systems that can be adopted by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It presents a detailed description of how and why corporate sustainability performance is important for SMEs while placing EMA as a decision support tool to aid sustainability-related corporate strategies. Having discussed various EMA tools and techniques, the chapter also provides an integrative framework for EMA adoption which is based on the evolutionary stages of environmental management. This framework aims to guide SMEs to progress from compliance-orientation towards higher order sustainability outcomes. The chapter stresses the need for the SMEs to continuously take deliberate managerial actions with the support of EMA systems to reach the advanced stages of sustainability in an ever-changing business environment.
Contemporary Environmental CSR Strategies in the Banking Sector
Authors: Riskos Kyriakos , Dekoulou Paraskevi , Tsourvakas George
Published: January 2022

The chapter explores how a financial institution can effectively implement environmental CSR strategies that contribute to the wellbeing and sustainable development of the global community. In particular, the case of Piraeus Bank, a leading player of the banking sector in Greece, has been extensively analyzed. The analysis demonstrates that by immediately and effectively responding to environmental and other social issues, Piraeus Bank is fully aware of the imperative need for an organization to integrate CSR notion in its strategy and business activity.
When Luxury Brands Changed Their Approach to Social Media
Authors: Pini Fabrizio Maria , Timergaleeva Dinara
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 lockdowns led to a new approach to social media communication by luxury fashion brands. This chapter explores recent pandemic-related changes in the social context and the need for brands to rethink their narrative to engage consumers and influence purchase decisions. The authors selected a panel of 28 fashion luxury brands, both independent and conglomerate-owned, to analyze the paradigm shift in social media communication and content creation. Their findings show that with social media acting as the main touchpoint, luxury fashion brands have effectively produced new communication archetypes, revealing the latent potential of digital platforms as strategic tools.
Environmental Sustainability in the Computer Industry for Competitive Advantage
Authors: Rahman Nayem
Published: January 2022

The computer industry is quite often blamed for excessive energy consumption, carbon emissions, and e-waste. Shipment of e-waste to developing countries where it is often disposed of in unsafe ways is another major issue. Implementation of an end-to-end computer and related products sustainability management strategy by incorporating the reuse of existing technology can make a major impact on the environment. Organizations can take sustainability programs as part of business strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the industry. This chapter discusses different aspects of a sustainable computer industry program and proposes that computer makers take ownership of disposing of e-waste by following safety standards. The chapter also proposes adopting a reverse supply chain process for possible reuse, recycle, or disposal of computers. The author also points out that adopting strategic sustainability initiatives can help an organization to achieve competitive advantage.
Academic Entrepreneurship in Portugal
Authors: Conceição Oscarina , Rodrigues Vanessa
Published: January 2022

It is important to understand the role of higher education institutions in promoting entrepreneurship and supporting the creation of new companies to commercialize the knowledge generated in the academic field. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the creation and survival of academic spin-off companies in Portugal from 2005 to 2015. The results show that financial crisis did not change the academic spin-offs dynamics patterns, which shows that, even in crisis period, academic spin-offs maintain creation high levels (perhaps due to necessity-driven) and reveal survival high rates. In addition, a questionnaire was carried out to obtaining the academic entrepreneur's perception about the entrepreneurial process (individual characteristics; organizational resources/capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation). In fact, these results can help policy makers to reflect on the motivations and difficulties of the entrepreneurial process of this type of companies, and thus, develop an effective regional policy agenda in supporting the academic spin-offs development.
Academy and Company Needs
Authors: da Cunha Tiago Martins
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents a view of how the use of NLP knowledge might change the relation between universities and companies. Products from NLP analysis are expected in both ends of this at times not so reciprocal exchange. But history has shown the products developed by universities and companies are complementary for the development of NLP. The great volume of data the world is producing is requiring newer perspectives to provide understanding. These newer aspects found on big data may provide the comprehension of human language categorization and therefore possibly human language acquisition. But to process data more data need to be produced and not all companies have the time to dedicate for this task. This chapter aims to present through sharing literature review and experience in the field that partnerships are the most reliable resource for the cycle of knowledge production in NLP. Companies need to be receptive of the theoretical knowledge the university may provide, and universities must turn their theoretical knowledge for a more applied envionment.
The Effects of Remote Work on Family Relationships
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Yañez-Moneda Alicia L. , Amsler Anna
Published: January 2022

This chapter analyses the effects of remote work on family relationships during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is centered on faculty and staff members from a private business school in Puebla, Mexico. The research was conducted almost five months after the university closed its doors and moved all its activities online, having participants time to adapt to the new normal. A scale was developed and validated, and later on, it was applied in a country where family values, cultures, and traditions are strong. The scale included five distinct areas of study: remote working conditions, time and task management, work performance, stress, and family relations. All the business school faculty and administrative staff were invited to participate in the study. Results show employees' perceptions about how working remotely positively or negatively affected their relationships at home and their productivity at work, leading to the design of best practices and useful guidelines that will minimize the adverse effects of remote work while enhancing the positive ones.
Impact of COVID-19 on Cloud Business Intelligence
Authors: Thakur Pooja , Malhotra Manisha
Published: January 2022

The outburst of COVID-19 has affected the whole world. COVID-19 is the seventh member of the coronavirus family. There is no vaccine for the diseases, and due to this, the whole world has taken the step of social distancing that leads to lockdown. Due to the implementation of lockdown, normal working of all organizations converted to work from home. During such situation, organizations are opting to provide smooth working for the operations of business. Before the pandemic situation, each organization was concentrating on maximizing profit. But today they are opting the practices such as cloud computing, business intelligence, neural network, IoT, and many more so that business work can be done. During this pandemic situation, cloud business intelligence plays an important role for the smooth working of business. The contribution of this chapter is to show how cloud business intelligence is used to fulfill the need of the business ecosystem.
Transparency and Resource Mobilization in Times of Crisis
Authors: Tondolo Rosana da Rosa Portella , Tondolo Vilmar Antonio Gonçalves , Longaray André Andrade , Camargo Maria Emilia , Bitencourt Claudia Cristina , Zanandrea Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Nonprofit organizations play a relevant role in Brazilian society. In recent years, Brazil has faced frequent allegations of mismanagement of resources and corruption in different administrative spheres, including state-owned and private enterprises. In this scenario, transparency is essential to nonprofit organizations. Resource mobilization is a key management activity of nonprofit organizations that provides the achievement of the social objective of the organization. This chapter aims to analyze the influence of transparency on the resource mobilization of Brazilian nonprofit organizations. In order to achieve this goal, a survey was developed. Data from 93 Brazilian non-profit organizations were collected. The main contribution of study is that transparency has significant impact on resource mobilization in Brazilian nonprofit organizations.
COVID-19 Shock and Subsequent Crisis
Authors: Pilipenko Olga Ivanovna , Pilipenko Zoya Andreevna , Pilipenko Andrey Igorevich
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on national socioeconomic systems, causing the deepest economic downturn since the Great Depression. The rapid spread of coronavirus infection around the world revealed the absolute unpreparedness of national health systems to block fatal disease. The COVID-19 shock revealed a phenomenal paradox: an economy focused on meeting the needs of people, subordinated their desires, value orientations to economic goals. Macroeconomic equilibrium and financial stability have become publicly recognized social priorities, which violated the dialectic of society and the economy interaction. The post-shock societal crisis raised fundamental questions of what kind of society was built and what post-coronavirus reality should be. Following the shocks' theory findings, the contours of uncertain post-COVID future will be associated with new technological paradigm of the self-developing economy and society, the restoration of social integrity as a basis of constructing future economy, and the replacement of capital-centrism by human-centrism in all organizational structures.
Workplace Cyberbullying and Online Harassment as an Organizational Threat
Authors: Kallis Rhiannon B. , Meluch Andrea L.
Published: January 2022

With the continued growth of social media use and the development of online communication, organizations now face the challenge of maintaining a healthy working environment offline and online. Cyberbullying, online harassment, and inappropriate online content posted by employees, CEOs, social media managers, and other users can all lead to organization crises. This chapter defines types of harmful online communication, such as cyberbullying, trolling, and online harassment; explores online harassment through the lens of situational crisis communication theory; provides case studies of employees, CEOs, social media managers, and other users who engaged in inappropriate online behavior; and offers solutions and recommendations for organizational response and employee social media training.
Leadership in Tourism
Authors: Rowlands Josh , Knox Matthew Wayne , Campbell Tessa , Cui Anna , DeJesus Luke
Published: January 2022

This chapter proposes to discuss the application of authentic leadership as the ‘vehicle' forward for tourism. Specifically, how authentic leaders in the tourism industry can help achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and why they are important to the Tasmanian tourism industry. As such, the authors propose the research question: How can authentic leadership enable the sustainable development of tourism in Tasmania? This chapter commences by exploring tourism in Tasmania and the related leadership gap found in the industry, followed by a brief explanation of our critical review method. The literature review then examines how tourism, a diverse industry, has the potential to contribute to the United Nation's SDGs. The authors aim to demonstrate how sound authentic leadership behaviours among tourist vendors facilitate ethical employment practices and economic growth in Tasmania. Finally, the chapter explores the possible implications of a synthesis of authentic leadership and sustainable development in the context of Tasmania.
The Home and Community Connections Model
Authors: Manzone Jessica A. , Nyberg Julia L.
Published: January 2022

The need to create inclusive classrooms is well documented in the literature. The use of inclusive pedagogies as a means to respond to the needs of all learners is also well-established. Yet, the definition of “all learners” remains somewhat evasive and inequitable. Historically underserved and systemically marginalized learners continue to be left out of conversations regarding “all learners” in special and general education programs. This chapter examines how inclusive education strategies can be reoriented through a lens of culturally sustaining pedagogies. This chapter proposes a home and community connections model for constructing culturally authentic and sustaining classrooms that truly value the assets and interests of all learners. Classroom activities and examples are provided and serve as a framework for special and general educators to integrate these pedagogies into their own practice.
Cashew Apple Extract: A Novel, Potential Green Reducing Agent for the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: George Jesiya Susan , Paduvilan Jibin Keloth , Velayudhan Prajitha , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Hameed Nishar , Thomas Sabu
Published: January 2022

Abstract Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is one of the promising materials which are used in energy storage devices, field effect resistors and as an additive in polymer composites for functional and structural applications. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to rGO is popular and attractive. Chemical reduction of GO is considered as one of the promising methods for the large-scale production of rGO. Herein, we report for the first time a sustainable, eco-friendly and facile approach for synthesizing rGO using cashew apple extract as a reducing agent. Reduction of GO by cashew apple extract was confirmed by the bathochromic shift in the UV-Visible spectrum. The extent of reduction by cashew apple extract at temperatures (80°C, 120°C, and 180°C) was determined by making use of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and were morphologically confirmed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Through this research work, we propose an environment friendly approach for the production of rGO.
Perovskite Nanocomposite Layers Engineering for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Bkkar Muhammad Ahmad , Olekhnovich Roman Olegovich , Uspenskaya Mayya Valerievna
Published: January 2022

Recently, perovskite nanocomposites have attracted much ‎attention as active layers due to the relatively high stable efficiency of solar cells based on them. In this ‎paper, we study perovskite nanocomposite layers based on ‎semiconductive/nonconductive molecules or polymers, their deposition methods, properties, and ‎influence on the device performance. We have found that the quality of the ‎perovskite layer (morphology and crystallinity, cross-linked grains, trap states density, as well as ‎conductivity and charge carrier mobility) is strongly affected by various factors ‎related to the additive: such as type (i. e. semiconductive or nonconductive, ‎molecule or polymer), chemical structure (backbone length and ‎molecular weight, functional groups, π system, side chains, donating atoms and basicity), amount,‎ solubility, conductivity, photoactivity, polarity, hydrophobicity, and addition methods. Due to the small amounts added, these additives can lead to slight changes in energy levels, bandgap (Eg), and light absorption ‎properties. Ultimately, using the suitable deposition method and additive at an optimal amount can ‎greatly improve the stability and efficiency of the devices and reduce ‎hysteresis.
Friction Coefficient Effect on Stress-Strain Distribution of Ceramic Coated Aeroengine Substrate Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Masyrukan  , Nagentrau Muniandy , Jamian Saifulnizan , Mohd Tobi Abdul Latif
Published: January 2022

This study presents the investigation of friction coefficient effect on stress-strain distribution of ceramic coated aeroengine specific material substrate using explicit finite element method. Half-cylinder-on-flat contact configuration subjected to normal and tangential loading is examined. Elastic ceramic coated elastic-plastic Ti-6Al-4V and Super CMV substrates are assigned to study the influence of different friction coefficient on contact pressure, von Mises stress, tangential stress and equivalent plastic strain distribution. The outcome of present research is quite revealing that stress-strain distribution response is remarkable for sliding step which experiencing significant traction compared to normal loading step. Higher possibilities of coated substrate equivalent plastic strain (plastic deformation) are registered under higher friction coefficient cases due to substantial resistance to overcome relative to tangential motion of contacting bodies.
Loading of Silver Nanoparticles onto Silica Sand Surface and Simulating of Heat Dissipation for Therapeutic Heat Applications
Authors: Jettanasen Junya , Prakit Tanchanok , Thongyoo Nattapon , Songsukthawan Panapong
Published: January 2022

To develop the heat storage media for therapeutic heat applications, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded onto silica sand surface using chemical reduction method. The thermal properties of these two materials were combined and the loading efficiency was verified by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD). Observation by SEM revealed that the silver nanoparticles were homogeneously immobilized onto the silica sand surface and XRD results confirmed the formation of nanocrystalline silver. The crystallite size calculated by Scherrer formula was about 20 nm. It was also found that the particles increased in size and partially agglomerated when the concentration of AgNO3 solutions increased. Furthermore, to estimate the appropriate quantity of the nanoparticles for heating pad application, the finite element simulation by ANSYS was applied. The simulation results showed that the thermal dissipation of the silica sand was improved after loading of the silver nanoparticles. It was also found that the thermal dissipation increased with the silver proportion but 1.50% of silver concentration are sufficient to provide a significant thermal effect.
Characteristics of Biochar from Jengkok Tobacco: The Effect of Quenching in Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Iskandar Taufik , Fitri Ayu Chandra Kartika
Published: January 2022

The cigarette industry produces wastes from tobacco leaves and clove flowers which is called Jengkok. The wastes contain metal Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid chemical element that is dangerous for the environment. The organic compounds in the wastes can be decomposed using pyrolysis, a chemical process at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The purpose of this study is to examine the chemical compositions and characteristics of biochar produced from quenching technology treatment in the pyrolysis process using a Rotary Kiln machine. The variables used were the temperatures ranging from 400, 450, 500, 550, 600°C, the duration from 30, 35, to 40 minutes, and water quenched temperature at 25°C. The Biochar water content and temperature produced were then observed. The results analysis included properties test, ultimate analysis, namely elemental testing using the SEM-EDX method and proximate analysis. This research found that water quenched treatment produces Biochar of Jengkok from tobacco is bases (pH. 9-10), and low bulk density. The specific characteristic is C-organic, N, and O has a large enough value, while the optimal processing time is 40 minutes at a temperature of 550 °C, a time of. Therefore, biochar from jengkok is very good for farming with acid soil conditions.
Factors affecting consumer acceptance towards omnichannel approach with reference to supermarket sector
Authors: Peiris H. Y. D. , Lakshika V. G. P. , Rasanjalee R. M. K. S.
Published: January 2022

The revolutionary development of technology has evolved the retail world drastically in recent decades in terms of using digital and physical platforms to provide unique experiences to consumers. Consumers prefer moving seamlessly between physical and online channels according to their time, convenience, choice, etc. Omnichannel approach is a novel approach that aims to provide seamless experience to consumers by using both online and physical channels. All the channels are integrated to provide the same experience through any touchpoint. By using Omnichannel approach companies target the same consumers via different channels to provide a unique experience. The purpose of this study is to understand factors affecting consumer acceptance towards an Omnichannel approach and the study has been conducted with reference to supermarket sector. A quantitative study was conducted with 256 employed individuals in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka, and a self-administered questionnaire was used, with data analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS. The results of the study indicated that perceived usefulness and compatibility have a significant positive impact, while the perceived ease of use, cost and risk do not have a significant impact on consumers’ behavioral intention to use an Omnichannel approach. Perceived compatibility is the salient factor out of selected variables. This study contributes to academic research by shedding light on this novel phenomenon, as well as to businesses operating in the supermarket sector by drawing numerous implications for developing their omnichannel strategy.
Biological fitness costs associated with the various permethrin resistance development statuses in Anopheles gambiae in Nigeria
Authors: Ande A. T. , Adelaja O. J. , Agada A. V. , Akanni O. I. , Omotayo A. I.
Published: January 2022

Man, in a desperate bid to manage malaria-vectors, i.e., Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) has relentlessly relied on pyrethroid insecticides especially permethrin. Unfortunately, these mosquitoes have improved their survival with respect to this tactic which must have been associated with some fitness-costs. This study, therefore, evaluates the biological fitness-costs associated with permethrin-resistance development in An. gambiae s.l. in Kwara State, Nigeria. Susceptibility statuses of adult female An. gambiae s.l. populations collected from Oke-odo, Pipeline and Airport were established using World Health Organization Protocol. They were subsequently raised over three-generations and the fecundity, hatchability, development time for larvae, pupae and adult, adult emergence, the adult sex ratio was observed, noted, monitored and analysed using ANOVA (P
Salute della donna nella dignità e nel rispetto dei diritti umani
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: January 2022

Non disponibile
Brevi considerazioni etico-penalistiche sul problema dell'eutanasia
Authors: Musacchio Vincenzo
Published: January 2022

L'Autore inizia la sua analisi evidenziando come nella società civile occidentale i principi morali e giuridici che tutelano la persona umana ruotano essenzialmente intorno a due contrapposte concezioni dell'individuo: quella utilitaristica e quella personalistica. La prima, infatti, trae radici dal pragmatismo filosofico - che concepisce la possibile strumentalizzazione della persona -, mentre la visione antropologica personalista ritiene l'essere umano sempre come fine e mai come mezzo. L'articolo, quindi, intende centrare la propria argomentazione sull'uso strumentale o meno che viene operato nei confronti della persona umana in relazione all'eutanasia, dal punto di vista penalistico. Dopo avere passato in rassegna le possibili definizioni dell'eutanasia, l'articolo ne valuta le implicazioni penalistiche ed etiche a partire dal principio dell'indisponibilità della vita umana che, secondo l'Autore, trova garanzie anzitutto in fonti normative quali la Costituzione italiana e la Dichiarazione Universale dei Diritti dell'Uomo delle Nazioni Unite. L'articolo argomenta a sostegno dell'illiceità dell'eutanasia dal punto di vista penalistico e si conclude affermando le ragioni dello stretto legame intercorrente tra etica e diritto penale. Tutto ciò al fine di attuare e garantire concretamente le esigenze reali ed i valori della persona umana.
Early discontinuation of biological therapy among inflammatory bowel disease patients in Bahrain
Authors: Abdulla Maheeba , AlQamish Jehad , Mohammed Nafeesa , Al Saeed Mahmood , Aali Hasan Jawad Al , Al Khaja Aysha , Hasan Zahra Abdulla Isa Yusuf , Haider Fatema Yusuf , Ebrahim Sayed Dhiyaa Noor , Mahfoodh Zahra Sayed Alawi , Hubail Mahmood Ali Hasan , Alhajri Isa , Al-Matrook Fatema , Tork Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background:

Despite the effectiveness of several biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), some patients respond better than others. Such discrepancies are often evident early in the treatment course. The aim of this study is to identify the risks and assess the rate of early biological discontinuation (BD) among IBD patients.

Methods:

In this retrospective cohort study conducted in Bahrain all IBD patients who were administered biological agents between June 2009 and June 2019 were included. Medical records were reviewed to collect study data and confirm IBD diagnoses. Early discontinuation of biological agents was defined by discontinuation of a biological agent (within 6 months from administration). Montreal classification was used to classify Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to location and extension, respectively.

Results:

Ineffectiveness was the most common reason for early BD. Early BD was not related to the type of IBD, biological agent used, or to most patient-related factors (such as gender and family history). Patient age at index biological initiation was the only independent significant predictor of early BD (P = 0.045, adjusted odds ratios (95% CI): 1.06 (1.001–1.116)] even after correction of two significant factors: comorbid diabetes and marked weight loss at diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The older the IBD patient at the time of biological therapy initiation, the higher the incidence of early BD. Therefore, caution and close follow-up are required for biological therapy among elderly patients to assess effectiveness and adverse drug reactions.
The Egyptian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Fouad Yasser , Esmat Gamal , Elwakil Reda , Zakaria Serag , Yosry Ayman , Waked Imam , El-Razky Maissa , Doss Wahid , El-Serafy Magdy , Mostafa Ebraheem , Anees Mahmood , Sakr Mohamed A. , AbdelAty Nadia , Omar Ashraf , Zaki Samy , Al-zahaby Amgad , Mahfouz Hamdy , Abdalla Maysaa , Albendary Mahmoud , Hamed Abdel-Khalek , Gomaa Ahmed , Hasan Adel , Abdel-baky Sherif , El sahhar Medhat , Shiha Gamal , Attia Dina , Saeed Ebada , Kamal Enas , Bazeed Shamardan , Mehrez Mai , Abdelaleem Shereen , Gaber Yasmine , Abdallah Mohammed , Salama Asmaa , Tawab Doaa A. , Nafady Shaymaa
Published: January 2022

The landscape of chronic liver disease in Egypt has drastically changed over the past few decades. The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has risen to alarming levels. Despite the magnitude of the problem, no regional guidelines have been developed to tackle this disease. This document provides the clinical practice guidelines of the key Egyptian opinion leaders on MAFLD screening, diagnosis, and management, and covers various aspects in the management of MAFLD. The document considers our local situations and the burden of clinical management for the healthcare sector and is proposed for daily clinical practical use. Particular reference to special groups was done whenever necessary.
Influence of cigarette smoking on endoscopic sinus surgery long-term outcomes
Authors: Krzeski Anton , Galewicz Anna , Chmielewski Rafal , Kisiel Marta
Published: January 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of smoking on long-term outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 274 patients at the Department of Otolaryngology of the Warsaw Medical University from 1993 to 2000. All patients were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis and scheduled for the endoscopic sinus surgery. We evaluated subgroups of patients with respect to bronchial asthma, allergy, aspirin triad, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and nasal septal deviation. Patients were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Patient CT scan results were recorded according to the four-grade classification system by Kennedy. Patients were observed over a period between 2 to 9 years following the surgical intervention and had their surgery revised if the severity of symptoms were at the same level or worsened. Results: Prior to endoscopic sinus surgery, 23% of smokers and 20% of non-smokers scored III or IV on the Kennedy Scale. The revision ESS was carried out in 27 patients. In this group there were 20% smokers and 7% non-smokers, with the difference being significant. There was no significant difference in the postoperative quality of life scale scores. Conclusions: The study shows that while smoking did not influence preoperative symptoms, smokers had worse postoperative outcomes.
The Agger Nasi cell and uncinate process, the keys to proper access to the nasolacrimal drainage system
Authors: Soyka M.B. , Treumann T. , Schlegel C. Th.
Published: January 2022

Background: Profound knowledge of the surgical anatomy is required to perform any dacryo-cysto-rhinostomy (DCR) procedure. In endoscopic endonasal DCR surgery, the uncinate process (UP) and/or agger nasi (AN) cell are frequently found to obstruct access to the lacrimal fossa. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiological anatomy of the UP and the AN cell in relation to the lacrimal sac. Methods: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of patients undergoing DCR and other endoscopic sinus surgeries were analysed regarding their anatomical variations concerning the UP and the AN cell at the level of the common canaliculus. The covering of the lacrimal fossa by the UP was graded and a surgically relevant AN cell was sought after. Results: CT datasets of 60 sides were included. Analysis showed an AN cell overlying the upper parts of the lacrimal sac in 55% of patients. An anteriorly attaching UP covering at least 50% of the lacrimal fossa was found in 63% of individuals. Conclusion: In this study more than 80% of all patients presented with either a very anteriorly attached UP or an AN cell that would have to be removed to perform effective endoscopic DCR. The AN cell and the UP need to be included in the endonasal surgical concept.
Japanese traditional medicine, Senn-kinn-naidaku-sann up-regulates Toll-like receptor 4 and reduces murine allergic rhinitis
Authors: Morikura I. , Murata A. , Aoi N. , Shimizu Y. , Fuchiwaki T. , Prokopakis E. , Kawauchi H.
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the mechanisms by which a traditional herbal medicine, Senkinnaidakusan (SKNS), controls Th2 responses, we examined the production of IL-12 by murine macrophages treated with SKNS. Results: Treatment with SKNS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA in macrophages. Furthermore, pre-treatment with SKNS enhanced the production of IL-12 by macrophages stimulated with LPS. When SKNS was orally administered to C3H/HeN mice at the induction phase after OVA sensitization, the serum levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 decreased, Interleukin (IL)-4 production by spleen T cells in response to OVA was significantly suppressed, while interferon (IFN)-gamma production was increased. After nasal challenge of OVA, eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa and the number of sneezes were significantly inhibited in SKNS-treated mice compared with control mice. Besides, expression of IL-5 in the nasal mucosa was also inhibited. Using another strain of mice, C3H/HeJ (TLR4 negative), there was no difference in OVA-specific Igs or splenic cytokine production between the SKNS treatment and non-treatment groups. The eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa, the number of sneezes and IL-5 expression in the nasal mucosa were also not effected even after SKNS treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that oral administration of SKNS inhibits Th2 responses by enhancement of IL-12 release from macrophages via up-regulation of TLR4 expression.
The effect of two sphenoidotomy approaches on the sense of smell: trans-ethmoidal versus trans-sphenoethmoidal
Authors: Thamboo A. , Chang B.A. , Habib A.R. , Manji J. , Hathorn I. , Sunkaraneni V. , Javer A.
Published: January 2022

Background: There are generally two methods to access the sphenoid sinus: either through the natural ostium {trans-sphenoethmoidalor via sphenoethmoidal recess), or by creating a second opening through the posterior ethmoids (trans-ethmoidal).This study psychophysically and subjectively evaluates the effect of the trans-sphenoethmoidal technique to the trans-ethmoidal technique for sphenoid sinusotomy on olfactory function. Methods: Prospective cohort analysis of 48 patients with comparable sinus disease underwent primary sphenoidotomy via transsphenoethmoidal(n = 24) versus trans-ethmiodal (n = 24) technique between September 2011 and February 2012. The patients had their olfaction measured psychophysically with "Sniffin' Sticks" and subjectively with a visual analogue scale (VAS) pre-operatively and at 5 weeks post-operatively. Results: Psychophysical scores from the Sniffin' sticks provide a Threshold, Discrimination and Identification (TDI) score out of 48.The TDI change (post-operative TDI score minus pre-operative score) as well as VAS change (post-operative VAS minus pre-operativeVAS) were analyzed using t-test analysis, which showed no significant difference between the two measurements. Conclusion: If the trans-sphenoethmoidal technique is done meticulously, patients have the same olfactory relief, psychophysically and subjectively, as those undergoing the trans-ethmoidal technique.