bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On integral equations of cracks of a new type
Authors:   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Babeshko Vladimir A. ,   Kuban State University, Evdokimova Olga V. ,   Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Babeshko Olga M. ,   Kuban State University
Published: October 2022

For the first time, the paper develops a new type of crack modeling method that allows describing them in environments of complex rheologies. It is based on a new universal modeling method previously published by the authors, used in boundary value problems for systems of partial differential equations. The advantage of the method is the possibility of avoiding the need to solve complex boundary value problems for systems of partial differential equations by replacing them with separate differential equations, among which the Helmholtz equations are the simplest. Namely, with the help of combinations of solutions of boundary value problems for this equation, it is possible to describe the behavior of complex solutions of multicomponent boundary value problems. In this paper, for the first time, the method is applied to a mixed boundary value problem for cracks of a new type. Cracks of a new type, complementing the Griffiths cracks, were discovered during the study of fractures of lithospheric plates that converge at the ends during oncoming traffic along the Conrad boundary. In the course of the study, Kirchhoff plates were adopted as models of lithospheric plates. The method developed in the published article is aimed at the possibility of describing models of approaching objects similar to lithospheric plates in the form of deformable plates of more complex rheologies. In particular, it can be thermoelectroelastic plates or other rheology. In the process of solving problems using Kirchhoff models for lithospheric plates, there was a problem of calculating some functionals that needed to be determined. This method demonstrates an approach that eliminates this drawback. The derivation of integral equations of cracks of a new type, the method of their solution and the approach to application in more complex rheologies is given.
On analytical estimates of the effective elastic properties of polycrystalline silicon
Authors:   Otto von Guericke University, Aßmus Marcus , Altenbach Holm ,   Otto von Guericke University
Published: October 2022

Several analytical approaches can be utilized to estimate the elastic properties of polycrystalline silicon. In experimental studies, the notion of an macroscopically isotropic aggregate is introduced while the single crystals obey cubic symmetry. We here give a synopsis on analytical approaches to predict elastic properties and apply them to estimate effective parameters of polycrystalline silicon. Here, the predictions are based on the parameters associated with shear solely. The results are juxtaposed in terms of the approaches applied, while different measures are introduced for evaluation. In comparison with experimental findings, the geometric mean implies a reasonable estimation for the elastic properties of polycrystalline silicon.
Fourier transform method for partial differential equations: Formulas for representing solutions to the Cauchy problem
Authors:   Chechen State University, Gishlarkaev Vakha I.
Published: October 2022

The paper proposes a method for solving the Cauchy problem for linear partial differential equations with variable coefficients of a special form, allowing, after applying the (inverse) Fourier transform, to rewrite the original problem as a Cauchy problem for first-order partial differential equations. The resulting problem is solved by the method of characteristics and the (direct) Fourier transform is applied to its solution. And for this it is necessary to know the solution of the Cauchy problem for a first-order equation in the entire domain of definition. This leads to the requirement that the support of the (inverse) Fourier transform of the initial function of the original problem be compact, and to describe the class of initial functions, it is necessary to use Paley -Wiener - Schwarz-type theorems on Fourierimages, including distributions. The presentation of solutions in the form of the Fourier transform of some function (distribution), determined by the initial function, is presented. A general form of the evolutionary equation is written down, which, when the described method is applied, leads to the consideration of a homogeneous first-order equation, and a formula for the solution of the Cauchy problem in this general case is derived. The general form of the equation is written down, which leads to the consideration of a first-order inhomogeneous equation, and a formula for solutions it is derived. Particular cases of these equations are the well-known equations that are encountered in the description of various processes in physics, chemistry, and biology.
Probability of hitting a random vector in a polyhedral cone: Majorization aspect
Authors:   St Petersburg Department of the Steklov Mathematical Institute, Revyakov Mikhail I.
Published: October 2022

The article presents conditions under which the probability of a linear combination of random vectors falling into a polyhedral cone is a Schur-concave function of the coefficients of the combination. It is required that the cone contains the point 0, its edges are parallel to the coordinate axes, and the distribution density of vectors is a logarithmically concave sign-invariant function.
Gravitational instability of gas-dust circumnuclear disks in nearby galaxies
Authors:   Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Tkachenko Roman V. , Korchagin Vladimir I. ,   Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Jmailov Boris B. ,   Institute of High Technologies and Piezotechnics, Southern Federal University
Published: October 2022

Using the two-dimensional multi-component hydrodynamical simulations, we study the effect of dust on the development of instability in the gas-dust mini-disks observed in the central regions of galaxies. The dust is coupled with the gas gravitationally and by means of a friction force depending on the velocity difference between the two components. The presence of dust leads to the instability of a mini-disk and the development of a spiral structure observed in the gas-dust mini-disks. The spiral structure is multi-armed, which is caused by a dominance of the high order Fourier harmonics in the unstable modes. The instability of gas-dust circumnuclear disks is an important mechanism for explaining the activity of galactic nuclei associated with the accretion of matter onto a central black hole. We find that the admixture of dust with a dust-to-gas ratio of 10-20 % significantly destabilizes the gas-dust disk.
Hygienic assessment of carcinogenic health risks associated with contamination of depositing media with heavy metals
Authors:   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation, Boev V.M. , Zelenina L.V. ,   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation, Kudusova L.H. ,   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation, Kryazheva E.A. ,   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation, Zelenin D.O. ,   The Orenburg State Medical University, 6 Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

In nature there are depositing media which are relatively stable macrosystems. Their contamination that occurs due to long-term exposure to contaminants influences population health and this is especially vital for urbanized territories with large city-forming enterprises. Our research goal was to perform hygienic assessment of carcinogenic risks for population health under exposure to heavy metals contained in depositing media. We analyzed long-term data on contents of heavy metals in such accumulating media as soils and foods collected in 2005–2018. The data were taken from the reports on social and hygienic monitoring and statistical reports provided by the Orenburg Regional Office of the Federal State Statistics Service. Carcinogenic risks were assessed in accordance with the Guide R 2.1.10.1920-04. We used data provided by the territorial section of the National Cancer Registry to analyze prevalence of oncologic diseases of the digestive organs. We performed correlation analysis to examine correlations between the analyzed factors. The total carcinogenic risk under multi-route introduction of heavy metals from such depositing media as soils and foods has turned out to be unacceptable and amounts to 1.5E-04. The total population carcinogenic risk caused by exposure to heavy metals can reach 85 additional cases of malignant neoplasms over an averaged exposure period which is equal to 70 years. Heavy metals were detected in soils, nickel, cadmium, and chromium VI included, that produced statistically authentic effects on occurrence of malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs. We established an authentic correlation between developing malignant neoplasms in the digestive organs and concentrations of arsenic in foods. We didn’t detect any heavy metals with carcinogenic properties in such accumulating media as soils and foods in concentrations deviating from hygienic standards. But still, it doesn’t mean there is no negative influence on population health, notably long-term effects and developing malignant neoplasms.
Assessment of carcinogenic risk caused by elevated 3,4-benz(a)pyrene concentration in soils in an industrial city
Authors:   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Rostov Region, Taganrog Office, 16a Bol'shoi Ave., Taganrog, 347930, Russian Federation, Deryabkina L.А. , Marchenko B.I. ,   Southern Federal University, 105/42 Bol'shaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation, Tarasenko К.S. ,   Southern Federal University, 105/42 Bol'shaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Apparent destructive changes in soils typically occur in residential areas within urbanized ecological systems formed in large industrial cities. Elevated concentrations of super-toxicants and xenobiotics in soils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons included, create high potential health risks for city population. Our research goal was to assess the carcinogenic risk caused by elevated 3,4-benz(a)pyrene concentrations in soils in Taganrog, an industrial city with its population being about 250 thousand people located in Rostov region. The assessment included individual and population risks. There are two basic reasons which make the research vital. First of all, 3,4-benz(a)pyrene contents in soils in residential areas exceed hygienic standards. Secondly, the incidence of malignant neoplasms has been stably high in the city. We analyzed the results of determining 3,4-benz(a)pyrene concentrations in 384 soil samples taken in 2013–2020 at 19 monitoring posts (located within residential areas close to crossroads with intense traffic, recreational zones, and areas around preschool children facilities). 3,4-benz(a)pyrene was established to be the priority pollutant in soils in the city with its share contribution to the complex pollution index (Csoil) being 55.25 %. 3,4-benz(a)pyrene concentrations were higher than maximum permissible ones in 65.63 % of all the examined soil samples; its average and maximum concentrations were equal to 2.298 and 45.525 MPC accordingly. We assessed the individual multi-route carcinogenic risk (CR) caused by elevated 3,4-benz(a)pyrene concentrations in soils. The risk turned out to be high (2.4606•10–3) and inhalation introduction was established as the priority one (94.84 %).
Substantiating methodical approaches to quantifying reproductive health risks caused by harmful occupational and work-related factors
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 6140045, Russian Federation, Shur P.Z. , Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 6140045, Russian Federation, Lir D.N. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 6140045, Russian Federation,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The article dwells on methodical approaches to quantifying occupational risk (OR) which give an opportunity to spot out priority trends in prevention of reproductive losses caused both by occupational diseases (ODs) and work-related diseases (WRDs). OR quantitative assessment takes into account an additional probability of developing disorders and their severity. When assessing OR for reproductive health, it is advisable to take into account sex-related peculiarities, sensitive periods in the reproductive cycle, variable physiological states, as well as health disorders in offspring caused by parental occupational exposures. The assessment is based on epidemiological research. The algorithm also involves determining OR of reproductive disorders; determining an integral OR of reproductive disorders (as a combined account of both ODs and WRDs caused by exposure to different factors); determining OR categories and assessing their acceptability regarding reproductive health. It is suggested to determine severity of reproductive health outcomes (health effects) using conventional coefficients recommended by the WHO and “loss of fertility” level which is significant in assessing consequences for offspring. In case a risk is detected, both for exposed workers and their offspring, it is recommended to consider selecting the priority (maximum) risk level to be the ultimate assessment result. The suggested methodical approaches were tested on a group of women employed at a petrochemical production and exposed to several harmful occupational factors (chemical factor and labor intensity) with working conditions at their workplaces belonging to the hazard category 3.1. The assessment revealed the integral risk for reproductive health to be equal to 1.6∙10-2 thus indicating that the risk was unacceptable. Besides, occupational factors influencing a mother create an unacceptable risk for development of healthy offspring (the detected risk is 3∙10-3). Such a reproductive disorder as infertility causes “insignificant” risks for women whereas they grow up to being “high” for their potential offspring. The ultimate assessment result is selecting the maximum risk levels, that is, the “high” risk for offspring’s health.
Contemporary aspects in control over resistant to antibiotics microbial contaminants of food, taking into account peculiarities of related health risk assessment. Part 1
Authors:   The Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii passage, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Sheveleva S.А. , Smotrina Yu.V. ,   The Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii passage, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Bykova I.B. ,   The Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, 2/14 Ust’inskii passage, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Antimicrobials are widely used in agriculture to prevent and treat diseases and to stimulate growth of food-producing animals. However, this induces developing antimicrobial resistance among animal bacteria, and this resistance is then transmitted along food chains and spreads in the environment. It is commonly accepted at the moment that effective measures should be taken to contain it in food production, to prevent it from spreading on the global scale and to minimize related negative health outcomes. This can be achieved, among other things, due to intensifying inter-branch interactions. This review aimed to consider contemporary aspects in preventing development of antimicrobial resistance in micro-organisms that contaminate raw materials and processed food products; to dwell on how the issue is controlled in food production both in Russia and abroad; to focus on trends and prospects of developing new effective measures in the sphere. The review involved analyzing domestic and foreign regulatory and legal documents concerning prevention of antimicrobial resistance and analysis of related risks; generalizing and analyzing latest scientific research works published in reference databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar. As a result, we described the experience accumulated in organizing monitoring over prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in foreign countries, to generalize international recommendations as well as regional and national ones on monitoring over microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobials, and to highlight practical activities aimed at preventing occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in food production. We substantiated certain peculiarities of related health risk assessment, namely, occurrence of genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residues in food together with resistant microorganisms. We also formulated basic principles of organizing and conducting monitoring over antimicrobial resistance in food chains (with the focus on antimicrobial medications that are crucially important in medicine). These principles can be applied in the Russian Federation within programs aimed at preventing antimicrobial resistance.
How to minimize infectious health risks for elderly people (based on focus group data)
Authors:   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Yagodina A. , Serova I. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Maslov U. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Korotin S. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

This literature review focuses on practices aimed at mitigating infectious health risks for elderly people in acute care inpatient hospitals with multiple specializations. We revealed a necessity to create medical information centers; common reference centers for PCR diagnostics, sequencing, plasmid analysis, and MULDI-TOF; as well as to provide support and further development of bacteriological and hygienic service in medical and preventive organizations. Our review also dwells on theoretical solutions to issues related to minimizing infection risks in nursing homes and prospective approaches to providing infectious safety at home. A focus group was organized on May 20, 2021 at the E.A. Wagner’s Perm State Medical University of the RF Public Healthcare Ministry with its aim being to implement theoretical approaches into practices of minimizing infectious health risks for elderly people in Perm region within the “aging in place” paradigm. The sociological explication made it possible to fix the regional agenda on minimizing infectious heath risks for elderly people as per three basic directions: by improving living conditions, by improving care provided for elderly people at home, and by making elderly people’s lives more active as a way to support their immunity. All the discussion participants unanimously agreed both on assigning the primary role to the strengthened immunity as a way to minimize infectious health risks and on obvious absence of any drugs which would be able to resolve the issue. Experts believe adherence to conventional recommendations on how to improve elderly people’s immunity to be fundamental for infection risk mitigation. We should remember that some elderly people live in improper housing which should be renovated and adapted to basic needs of an elderly person. It is also important to develop the city environment taking into account elderly people’s habits and needs (they should be provided with a special place in the yard where they can communicate with each other, play board games or do physical exercises). Financial support should be given to “Inpatient hospital at home” program and to developing tools used to promptly minimize infection risks, for example, telemedicine which allows detecting certain alerting symptoms typical for communicable diseases (fever, complaining about cough and running nose, pains in the lumbar spine, decreased diuresis etc.)
Peculiarities detected in formation of speficic hapten sensitization to phenol in children
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 6140045, Russian Federation, Dolgikh O.V. , Dianova D.G. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 6140045, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Phenol contamination in ambient air is a factor which creates health risks for children living in a zone influenced by emissions from a ferrous metallurgy enterprise. Our research goal was to assess specific hapten sensitization in children living under excessive aerogenic exposure to phenol. We performed hygienic assessment of ambient air pollution on territories of pre-school children facilities located at various distances from a zone influenced by the examined enterprise (1 km and 5 km were the test territories No. 1 and 2 accordingly) which emitted phenol thus creating elevated concentrations of the chemical in ambient air being higher than single maximum MPC. Ambient air on a selected reference territory was not polluted with any industrial emissions. The test group No. 1 was made of 99 children (the test territory No. 1); the test group No. 2, 92 children (the test territory No. 2); and the reference group, 95 children (the reference territory). We analyzed phenol contents and levels of IgG specific to phenol in blood of all the examined children. Phenol concentrations in ambient air were higher than its permissible levels on the test territory No. 1, 1.7 single maximum MPC, and the test territory No. 2, 1.1 single maximum MPC. We comparatively assessed phenol contents in blood of children from all three groups. The assessment revealed that children from the test group No. 1 had a hydroxybenzene concentration in their blood which was statistically significantly (р = 0.031) by 1.9 times higher than in blood of children from the reference group. Production of specific G class antibodies was higher than the upper limit of the physiological standard in 60 % and 36 % children living and attending a preschool children facility in zones located accordingly at the minimal and maximum distance an emission source. The research results indicate that a hapten-associated increase in the level of IgG specific to phenol in preschool children is associated with excessive phenol contamination creating a substantial burden on biological media (OR = 14.75; 95 % CI = 6.45–33.73; р < 0.05).
Imbalance in lymphocyte composition and cytokine profile as a risk factor of vibration disease
Authors:   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 3 12А mikroraion, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation, Boklazhenko E.V. , Bodienkova G.M. ,   East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 3 12А mikroraion, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

To provide consistent functioning of the immune and nervous systems, both in normal conditions and in case of any pathology, is among the most significant functions performed by the cytokine system. It seems important to examine mechanisms underlying the well-coordinated working of the immune system since such studies can give grounds for developing certain criteria applied to assess risks of developing vibration disease (VD) and making prognosis for it. Our research goal was to identify peculiarities related to the balance in the phenotypic composition of lymphocytes and cytokines as risk factors of developing vibration disease. We estimated the phenotypic structure of lymphocytes by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+, CD25+, and CD95+ molecules. IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and INF-γ cytokines were determined in blood serum with the solid-phase ELISA method. We analyzed cytokine contents in patients with VD and established a statistically significant growth in levels of IL-8 and INF-γ and a decrease in IL-2 contents against the reference group. We also found certain differences in the correlations between lymphocytes and cytokines in patients with VD and healthy people. Thus, in patients with VD, there was a positive correlation between the absolute number of CD3+-lymphocytes and the level of the immune-stimulating IL-2 and a positive correlation between the quantity of CD4+-lymphocytes and IL-4 concentration. At the same time, having examined healthy people from the reference group, we detected a negative correlation between IFNγ and the absolute quantity of CD3+ and CD95+-lymphocytes. Therefore, the risk of developing and progressing vibration disease is to a certain extent associated with its pathogenetic peculiarities based, among other things, on complex functional relationships between lymphocytic phenotypes and pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines. In future this will allow substantiating new biomarkers in the additional VD diagnostics.
Urban planning and public health: Analytical review
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting, 47 Nakhimovsky prospect, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation, Revich B.A.
Published: October 2022

This review focuses on certain challenges related to hygienic assessment of urban planning. Studies by Soviet (and later Russian) hygienists that have been accomplished since 1970ties have brought about optimal solutions for planning urban districts, climatic peculiarities taken into account. Specific hygienic standards have been developed with respect to insolation, building density, minimum safe distances from housing to parking areas, recommendations on creating green spaces along the busiest motorways as well as some other parameters that are now a part of regulatory documents on construction. A comfortable urban environment can hardly be created in Russian cities without adherence to hygienic standards regarding ambient air quality, noise levels, insolation, creating easily available open green spaces. All this should be implemented without any limitations on building density, especially in downtowns areas. Hygienic standards stipulate transition from fossil fuels to more environmentally friendly ones in cities located in Siberia and the Far East. There are also other multiple indicators of urban environment quality that shouldn’t be neglected. The review also considers how important insolation is for health of urban citizens, especially bearing in mind the latest data on significance of vitamin D for prevention of osteoporosis. A great attention is paid to positive effects produced by open green spaces on population health including mental health, higher levels of physical activity, better social interactions and mutual trust, and reduced social isolation. All these aspects are becoming truly vital after the COVID-19 pandemic. Green spaces are also important since they help mitigate certain negative consequences of living in an aggressive urban environment.
The algorithms for drawing up annual plans of inspections performed by Rospotrebnadzor’s regional organizations within the framework of risk-based model
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Kiryanov D.A. , Kamaltdinov M.R. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Tsinker M.Yu. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Chigvintsev V.М. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Babina S.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The existing model of control and surveillance activities is based on a procedure that involves assigning activities performed by juridical persons or private entrepreneurs and (or) production facilities used by them in these activities into a specific risk category or a specific hazard class (category). The goal of the present work was to develop and improve algorithms for drawing up annual plans of inspections performed by Rospotrebnadzor’s territorial organizations within the framework of the risk-based model. For the first time, we have formulated conceptual and mathematical statement of the problem of planning control and surveillance activities performed by Rospotrebnadzor. This allowed us, among other things, to consider history of violations (integrity of a given subject) over a specific period and availability of objects for inspections. The latter is described with several parameters that include both regional peculiarities (a distance between objects, quality of road networks) and “complexity” of checking a particular object. When analyzing the mathematical statement, we identified certain model parameters that had the greatest influence on a solution to the problem, that is, the most sensitive parameters that should be regulated with special care if we want to make control and surveillance activities more effective. We have created planning algorithms with preset parameter values (scenario forecasting programs) and tested them at the regional level. We have developed three criteria for comparing these algorithms: coverage of a number of subjects that are to be inspected; coverage of a number of objects that are to be inspected; coverage by the total risk. The testing results indicate that the combined algorithm has higher coverage rates since in this case not all objects are inspected when a given subject is being checked. Consequently, this allows reducing overall labor costs required to perform an inspection. The suggested approaches give an opportunity to achieve more effective distribution and use of resources allocated by Rospotrebnadzor for scheduled inspections.
Substantiating optimal parameters of risk factors existing in the educational environment for schoolchildren as per indicators of physical, mental and somatic health
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Ustinova О.Yu. , Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Eisfeld D.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Schoolchildren are simultaneously exposed to several risk factors associated with the educational process, nutrition in school, ambient air quality, water quality, socioeconomic conditions etc. Their intensity and combinations largely determine indicators of children’s physical, somatic and mental health. Our research goal was to quantify influence exerted by a set of risk factors existing in the educational environment on key indicators of schoolchildren’s health. We examined 661 children who attended four secondary education institutions of different types. The educational processes in each institution were estimated to check their conformity with sanitary-epidemiological requirements and hygienic standards. Psychological testing included tests aimed at assessing attention, cognitive functions, memory and stress. Laboratory tests involved using liquid and gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. Nutrition provided by schools was estimated to check whether it conformed to the standards stipulated in the Sanitary Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.3/2.4.3590-20. Socioeconomic factors influencing the examined children were assessed as per results produced by a social survey. All the data were statistically analyzed with conventional statistical procedures and mathematical analysis. Influence exerted by risk factors on body composition, incidence and results of psychological testing was assessed by using single-factor logistic regression modeling of “dose – likelihood of a response (effect)” relationships. Significance of the created models was estimated as per Fischer’s test. We established parameters of risk factors that would ensure absence of any negative effects on schoolchildren’s health under simultaneous exposure. The article provides the results produced by comparative analysis of the educational environment in different types of schools and its conformity with established optimal parameters as well as existing standards. We have also developed certain recommendations on how to create a health-preserving environment for a contemporary schoolchild, both in school and beyond classes.
Mycotoxins in coffee and chicory: from regulated to emergent
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinskiy proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Sedova I.B. , Kiseleva M.G. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinskiy proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Chalyy Z.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinskiy proezd, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Coffee is a daily basic food product for many people all over the world. In Russia and some European countries, people who try to pursue healthy lifestyle often prefer chicory as a substitute to coffee. Our research goal was to evaluate occurrence of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria secondary metabolites in coffee and chicory distributed on the RF market. 29 mycotoxins were determined in 48 samples of coffee and chicory using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometric detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). The range of analyzed contaminants included regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone), their derivatives and structural analogs (A and B trichothecenes), Alternaria metabolites (alternariol, its methyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin), citrinin and several emergent mycotoxins (citreoviridin, cyclopiazonic and mycophenolic acids, enniatins, beauvericin). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report results indicating that unregulated emergent mycotoxins occur in the examined products. Chicory samples contained beauvericin (9 of 16 samples, the contents varied from 2.4 to 1173 µg/kg) and enniatin B (6 of 16 samples, 2.8–1109 µg/kg). Green and roasted coffee samples contained mycophenolic acid (11 of 20 samples, 23.5–58.3 µg/kg; 3 of 12 samples, 155.7–712.2 µg/kg accordingly). Several samples were contaminated with aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B2. Their contents in the examined samples did not exceed maximum levels; however, their occurrence indicates a potential health risk for consumers. This requires hygienic assessment and monitoring of these products with the focus on their contamination not only with regulated aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A but also with other potentially hazardous mycotoxins
Development of a new concept for assessing labor intensity of civil aviation pilots
Authors:   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation, Zibarev E.V. , Bukhtiyarov I.V. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation, Kravchenko O.K. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation, Astanin P.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow, 117321, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The article describes a concept for assessing labor intensity (LI) developed by the authors. This concept is based on the results produced by comprehensive assessment of the current working conditions, by analyzing the psychophysiological state of civil aviation (CI) pilots in flight, as well as by assessing a contribution made by flight loads and signs of fatigue to an increase in a risk of aviation accidents (AA). It has been established that, according to sanitary and hygienic profiles, LI levels at all workplaces of civil aviation pilots correspond to harmful working conditions, which are aggravated by exposure to four other harmful factors (noise, microclimate, vibration, and working posture) in 48 % of cases. The research results have shown that the risks of fatigue increase significantly after 5 hours of flight. This fatigue manifests itself in the growing number of gaze fixations by 11 %; an increase in an average latency period of a complex visual-motor reaction, by 12 %; the growing number of significant errors for flight safety, by 50 %. All these processes occur in the absence of physiological recovery of the cardiovascular system, p < 0.05. Pilots who are in a state of fatigue and stress due to violated work and rest regimes tend to have more AA. This accounts for at least 8.4 % of cases from all others causes. It is proposed to introduce the 3rd degree of harmfulness for strenuous work, as well as new LI indicators for sensory, informational and intellectual loads, such as an increase in a time required to fix the gaze on a device (in %), the frequency of image / value change on a screen (times/min), the volume of information flows per unit of time (bps), and the number of multifunctional devices (more than 10 bits per second). It has been established that the assessment of LI should be supplemented with specific indicators of the flight load and work regimes. These indicators include the number of takeoffs and landings, the number of crossed time zones, the number of stress factors during a flight, and the number of night flight shifts per week. They are directly related to developing fatigue among pilots and an increased risk of AA occurrence.
Assesment of scientists’ lifestyle and risk factors affecting their professional efficiency
Authors:   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, bldg. 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Str., Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation, Vasiliev M.D. , Makarova E.V. ,   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, bldg. 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Str., Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation, Kostrov A.A. ,   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, bldg. 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Str., Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation, Palevskaya S.A. ,   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, bldg. 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Str., Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation,   Samara State Medical University, 18 Gagarina Str., Samara, 443079, Russian Federation, Smbatyan S.M. ,   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, bldg. 1, 12 Vorontsovo Pole Str., Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation,   M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), bldg. 1, 61/2 Shchepkina Str., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

People involved in scientific research should keep their cognitive status high since this is necessary for preserving their intellectual potential and maintaining their work efficiency. Given that, it seems important to determine what impacts scientific work might have on mental health, to estimate potential disorders and to develop a strategy aimed at preventing cognitive impairments. Our research goals were to perform screening assessment of executive functions, to examine signs of premature ageing and to explore behavioral and social risk factors among Russian researchers. We accomplished a cross-sectional study with 213 researchers employed by state scientific institutions in Moscow participating in it; they were 116 women and 97 men aged from 23 to 78 years (their average age was 45.48 ± 15.33 years). As a result, we established that risk factors causing a decline in professional efficiency were rather frequent among the participants. Probable cognitive disorders were detected in 9.85 % of them and we should note that these disorders were not age-related. We detected signs of senile asthenia in 3.28 % of the participants and senile depression in 2.34 %. Two thirds of the participants had subclinical depression (74.6 %). Only one fifth of the respondents (19.71 %, n = 42) did not have any cognitive impairments, asthenic syndrome, or depression. A quarter of the researchers (25.34 %) were not sufficiently committed to healthy lifestyle. Low physical activity established for 79.3 % of the respondents was the major risk factor; among others, we can mention irrational nutrition, primarily among those researchers who worked with students; poor stress management skills among physicians who combined clinical practice with science; difficulties in interpersonal relationships among people who dealt solely with research. It is necessary to implement corporate programs aimed at prevention and rehabilitations for researchers in order to preserve their scientific activity and professional efficiency as well as to extend their professional longevity
Young students’ lifestyle as a health risk factor during the COVID-19 pandemic under various anti-epidemic strategies
Authors:   Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno, 22 Ozheshko Str., Grodno, 230023, Republic of Belarus, Shpakou A.I. , Klimatckaia L.G. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, 89 Ady Lebedevoy Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russian Federation, Bocharova Yu.Yu. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, 89 Ady Lebedevoy Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russian Federation, Dyachuk A.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, 89 Ady Lebedevoy Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russian Federation, Shik O.Yu. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 1 Partizana Zheleznyaka Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Various strategies have been implemented to prevent the COVID-19 spread both in Russia (self-isolation) and in Belarus (restrictive measures). They can be considered an unordinary stress-inducing situation that involves drastic changes in a lifestyle. Our research goal was to analyze students’ attitudes towards basic lifestyle components in both countries under various anti-epidemic strategies. We interviewed 876 students from Krasnoyarsk who were self-isolated for 2.5 months and 1140 students from Grodno who did not face strict quarantine restrictions. We performed comparative assessment of changes in basic lifestyle components that occurred during the pandemic. We established certain changes in subjective health self-assessment (more than a half of the students described it as bad), emotional state (subjective comfort index was between its acceptable level and a trend towards its deterioration). Acute deficiency of usual physical activity was mentioned by 35.4 % of the respondents from Krasnoyarsk and 29.5 % of their counterparts from Grodno (p < 0.01). Twenty-three point nine percent of the students from Grodno and 26.6 % form Krasnoyarsk gave up adhering to healthy sleep and nutrition regimes and this resulted in uncontrollable growth in body mass. The complex index of positive changes in a lifestyle, its maximum being seven scores, amounted to 4.15 ± 1.56 scores among the respondents in Krasnoyarsk against 4.46 ± 1.48 scores in the reference group (p < 0.01). Some respondents resorted to taking psychoactive substances in their search for subjective stability. Seven point seven percent of the students in Grodno and 4.8 % of their counterparts in Krasnoyarsk started smoking during that period; 28.9 % and 46.2 % of the respondents accordingly increased frequency and volumes of alcohol consumption (p < 0.01). Therefore, the present study concentrated on analyzing specific attitudes towards lifestyles among students in two countries under various anti-epidemic strategies. The results provide significant information for both public healthcare organizations and educational establishments since they can be used as grounds for suggesting activities aimed at maintaining students’ wellbeing and providing wider opportunities for young people to pursue a healthy lifestyle
Infection of personnel working in clinical and diagnostic laboratories: qualitative analysis and risk assessment
Authors:   Orenburg State University, 13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018, Russian Federation, Burtseva T.I. , Solopova V.A. ,   Orenburg State University, 13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018, Russian Federation, Baitelova A.I. ,   Orenburg State University, 13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018, Russian Federation, Rakhimova N.N. ,   Orenburg State University, 13 Pobedy Ave., Orenburg, 460018, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Personnel who work in laboratories and directly deal with detecting and examining pathogenic biological agents (PBA) in human biomaterials have to face high risks of becoming infected. At present, working conditions at workplaces of personnel in such laboratories are to be analyzed and checked thoroughly with subsequent implementation of relevant correction measures. We performed qualitative analysis of infection risks in clinical and diagnostic laboratories using a reason tree and event tree analysis and determined a risk probability range for an ending event considering combined effects produced by preconditions. We revealed basic reasons why personnel in medical laboratories became infected when working with PBA. The events were considered at three levels and four directions in their development. We performed mathematical calculation of possible event combinations and determined the whole probability range for occurrence of the events. Quantitative risk analysis showed that a probability of a person becoming infected remained within 0.9∙10–4–0.9∙10–3 range even in case of the most unfavorable outcome. The study provides a well-substantiated conclusion about peculiarities of work tasks accomplished in laboratories; we established that laboratory personnel who were involved in determining drug resistance of microbacteria had the highest risks of infection. The most hazardous scenarios of emergencies were identified; they made the highest contribution to the analyzed risk. We established that a probability of personnel becoming infected that starts with the value being 1.3∙10–6 occurs when immune prevention is neglected and a disease is revealed too late. It is advisable to analyze ways how emergencies develop in medical laboratories since this helps to make necessary amendments in the system and influence factors of its functioning. This analysis procedure gives an opportunity to select the most relevant measures for protection and prevention of emergencies involving PBA leakage out of all the available ones. These measures can reduce risks of infection for personnel down to their acceptable levels.