bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment the effects of Anthropogenic activities on sediment physico-chemical characteristics of Owalla Reservoir, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Aduwo Idowu , Adesakin Taiwo , Oyewale Abayomi
Published: January 2023

The study assessed the physico-chemical characteristics of sediments from Owella reservoir in Osun State, Nigeria with the primary aim of creating a baseline information in aspect of limnology and also to further assess influenced by anthropogenic activities as well as characteristics that were affected mostly by natural sources in the water body. Twenty sampling stations were established along the reservoir representing its three different sections and two zones for a period of two years. On the average, the reservoir sediment was mostly sand, clayey-sand in texture, acidic in chemical reaction, low in nutrients and moderate in organic matter. Although, nutrients were identified to be mostly of anthropogenic origin, while alkali metals and alkaline earth metals were from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The overall order of dominance of the exchangeable cations was: Mg2+ > Ca2+ > H+ > Al3+ > K+ >Na+ and anions in the order PO34- > SO42− > NO3−> Cl−. Significantly difference (p < 0.05) were observed in the physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment across the two zones (littoral and open water) of the reservoir and horizontal variation along the three basin sections (upstream, mid-basin and downstream) and over the two seasons of the year were mostly not significant (p > 0.05). The overall mean values obtained for particle size distribution along the reservoir were in the following order: sand (7.31%) > Silt (43%) > clay (57%). Surface run-offs are major contaminant in Nigeria waterbodies and through geochemical weathering of the top soils. The results showed low concentration of cations, anions and nutrients compound in the sediment of Owella reservoir which suggests low influence of anthropogenic activities on the sediment quality.
Fire-Smart Territories: a proof of concept based on Mosaico approach
Authors: Pulido Fernando , Corbacho Javier , Bertomeu Manuel , Gómez Álvaro , Guiomar Nuno , Juárez Enrique , Lucas Beatriz , Moreno Gerardo , Navalpotro Javier , Palomo Gonzalo
Published: January 2023

Context
Here we develop a practical framework (Mosaico) and report a real-world example of early implementation of a Fire-Smart Territory (FST) in Sierra de Gata-Las Hurdes region of central Spain.
Objectives
We aimed to assess the impact of landscape changes induced by local land managers (indirect prevention) on simulated fire spread under different governance scenarios developed in 2016-2021.
Methods
Following a participatory process in the region, we received 250 proposals for intervention (49.6% from agriculturalists, 22.8% from forest producers -mainly resin tappers-, and 27.6% from shepherds). From the 94 (37.6%) proposals implemented by the end of the study, we quantified changes in fuel models over the whole territory (Scenario 1, S1). Then, we simulated fires in 20 ignition points to estimate area burned in S1 and three other governance scenarios.
Results
To date, the sole intervention of LLMs results in a low to moderate impact (current mean: 10.5; median: 1.8), which can be explained by the high frequency of small-scale interventions (agriculture) and the modest impact on fuel reduction of large-scale interventions (livestock grazing). A combination of LLM and public actions is needed to reach a more substantial reduction of burned area (S2-S3, mean % impact:14.1-18.9; median: 6.9-10.8). Relaxing legal/administrative constraints to allow large private intervention would result in the greatest attainable impact on burned area (S4, mean: 25.0; median: 17.8). Adaptive management of Mosaico approach must be focussed on improving LLM capacity to modify larger portions of the territory and prioritizing critical areas such as fire propagation nodes.
Heat Transfer analysis on Steady MHD casson nanofluid (Cu+Water) flow past between an isothermal parallel plates geometry Considering Thermal Radiation, Magnetic and Viscous Dissipations Effects via Cattaneo–Christov's approach
Authors: HARFOUF AMINE EL , MOUNIR SANAA HAYANI
Published: January 2023

The Classical Fourier's theory of heat flux is well-known in continuum physics and thermal sciences. However, the primary inconvenience of this law is that it contradicts the principle of causality. To investigate the thermal relaxation time characteristic, Cattaneo–Christov theory is assumed thermally. In this regard, the characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flows of Casson nanofluids between two fixed impermeable parallel plates are revealed analytically and numerically. the resulting system of partial differential equations is changed via practical transformations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An advanced numerical algorithm is utilised in this study to get higher approximations for velocity and temperature fields, in addition to their corresponding wall gradients. For validating our numerical code, the current outcomes are compared with the other methods utilized in this work Akbari Ganji Method and Homotopy Perturbation Method. Moreover, it is revealed that the velocity field decreases for large values of casson and magnetic parametre. we can also see that Casson nanofluid is accelerated in case of lower yield strength. Larger values of thermal relaxation parameters create a lessening trend in the temperature distribution. The results of this study can help engineers improve, and researchers can conduct research faster and easier on this type of problem. also This work helps researchers to master the theoretical calculation of this type of problem.
Characteristics that impact rural communities' ability to access clean cooking fuel:An analytical study
Authors: Kumar Ratnesh , Goyal Hari Sharan , Srivas Saurabh
Published: January 2023

Employing qualitative information from three diverse rural Indian cooking fuels, this paper abstracts the various initiatives to adopt clean cooking fuel. Due to India's rapid economic growth, the need for cooking energy, particularly gaseous fuel, has exponentially increased yearly. The two main supporting pillars of India's current energy strategy are fossil fuels and natural gas. The exploitation of fossil fuels impacts the ecology. Moreover, It might be challenging to decide whether to implement new technology due to low acceptance rates or widespread resistance in the Indian rural clean cooking approach. In this context rudimentary analysis has been performed to comprehend the variables influencing the adoption of clean cooking fuel in the Indian rural community. Various SWOT factors have been outlined through literature and stakeholders survey. In addition, fuzzy-TOPSIS analysis has been done to rank the fuel on the basis of clean cooking approach and sustainability. Closeness coefficient 0.60, 0.81and 0.650 was found for LPG, Biogas and PNG, respectively. However, the biogas system (0.81) shows the most potential for a clean and sustainable cooking approach. The analysis shows that the cooking system is constrained by various factors such as economic feasibility, ease of use, availability of cooking fuel and social acceptance of such fuel.
Support Vector Machine Algorithm for Monetary Poverty Prediction and Analysis: Evidence from Morocco
Authors: Yassine EL AACHAB , KAICERE Mohammed
Published: January 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Molecular surveillance leads to the first detection of Anopheles stephensi in Kenya
Authors: Ochomo Eric O. , Milanoi Sylvia , Abong’o Bernard , Onyango Brenda , Muchoki Margaret , Omoke Diana , Olanga Evelyne , Njoroge Laban , Juma Elijah , Otieno James Dan , Matoke Damaris , Kamau Luna , Rafferty Cristina , Gimnig John E. , Shieshia Mildred , Wacira Daniel , Mwangangi Joseph , Maia Marta , Chege Charles , Omar Ahmeddin , Mbogo Charles , Kariuki Lenson
Published: January 2023

Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector that is endemic to south Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. It was recently reported in the Horn of Africa countries including Djibouti (2012), Ethiopia, Sudan (2019), Somalia (2019) and most recently Nigeria (2020). This mosquito is a competent vector for both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. It is characterized by a high degree of behavioral plasticity and the ability to reproduce in various types of breeding sites including containers and therefore has the potential to propagate malaria transmission in rapidly urbanizing settings with poor drainage and disposal of waste containers. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on all countries to scale up surveillance efforts to detect and report invasion by this vector and institute appropriate and effective control mechanisms. In Kenya, the Division for National Malaria Program (DNMP) and its partners have been conducting entomological surveillance in all coastal and northern counties that are suspected to be at risk of An. stephensi invasion as well as in all counties at risk of malaria. These efforts were supported by molecular surveillance of all unidentified Anopheles mosquitoes from other studies conducted by the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) to try and identify An. stephensi. In this article, we report the first detection of An. stephensi in two sub counties of Marsabit County, Kenya in December 2022. We used Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as the primary method of identification and confirmed results using morphological keys and sequencing of the ITS2 region. With the detection of this vector in Kenya, there is an urgent need for intensified surveillance to determine its occurrence and distribution and develop tailored approaches towards control to prevent further spread.
Metatranscriptomic insights into the microbial electrosynthesis of acetate by Fe 2+ /Ni 2+ addition
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu He , Zhang Yan , Fu Bo , Zhang Chao , Cui Min-Hua , Wu Ping , Guan Zi-Wei
Published: January 2023

As important components of enzymes and coenzymes involved in energy transfer and Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathways, Fe2+ and Ni2+ supplementation may promote the acetate synthesis through CO2 reduction by the microbial electrosynthesis (MES). However, the effect of Fe2+ and Ni2+ addition on acetate production in MES and corresponding microbial mechanisms have not been fully studied. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of Fe2+ and Ni2+ addition on acetate production in MES, and explored the underlying microbial mechanism from the metatranscriptomic perspective. Both Fe2+ and Ni2+ addition enhanced acetate production of the MES, which was 76.9% and 110.9% higher than that of control, respectively. Little effect on phylum level and small changes in genus-level microbial composition was caused by Fe2+ and Ni2+ addition. Gene expression of ‘Energy metabolism’, especially in ‘Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes’ was up-regulated by Fe2+ and Ni2+ addition. Hydrogenase was found as an important energy transfer mediator for CO2 reduction and acetate synthesis. Fe2+ addition and Ni2+ addition respectively enhanced the expression of methyl branch and carboxyl branch of the WL pathway, and thus promoted acetate production. The study provided a metatranscriptomic insight into the effect of Fe2+ and Ni2+ on acetate production by CO2 reduction in MES.
Analysis of flow characteristics of cylindrical and helical type multi-lobe roots blower
Authors: Tran Ngoc-Tien , Nguyen Duc-Minh
Published: January 2023

Roots blower is a positive displacement machine that has the advantage of a larger flow than conventional blowers. Roots blowers are widely used in industrial production such as chemicals, food, medical, etc. However, during actual operation, this type of machine often achieves low performance. One of the issues that greatly affect performance is the flow characteristics of the blower. Flow characteristics include factors related to flow rate, pressure, and flow phenomena in the blower chamber. Flow characteristic analysis is a complex problem in hydraulic machines. Flow analysis helps to investigate the motion of the flow to design high-performance machines. This study uses a mathematical model of gear theory to design the rotor profile with cylindrical and helical lobes of the multi-lobe Roots blower. The rotor profile is formed on the principle that the ellipse rolls without slipping on the base circle. On the basis of the mathematical model of the rotor profile, the paper compares the flow rate and pressure characteristics of the two blowers. The fluid dynamics analysis model was built on ANSYS software. The structural grid model is also built to increase the computational efficiency of the mathematical model. The lobes are embedded and rotated in the blower chamber. The results show that with the same radial and axial dimensions, the cylindrical lobe has a larger flow. However, the helical lobe has a more stable flow quality than the cylindrical lobe (15.2 % less flow fluctuation). In terms of pressure, the helical lobe type has a higher pressure than the cylindrical lobe type. In addition, the helical lobe type also reduces the influence of eddy currents acting on the blower chamber walls and rotors. That results in increased blower efficiency. The results of the paper will be a reliable basis for reducing time in the development of multi-lobe Roots blowers with high performance
A theoretical method of describing the interaction of raw cotton with moving working bodies of cotton-cleaning machines
Authors: Veliev Fazil
Published: January 2023

A theoretical regularity of the general behavior of raw cotton as a porous medium in the technological processes of its mechanical processing is substantiated for the first time. The speed of sound in a porous cotton medium is determined. The effect of additional force stresses inside the cotton medium, caused by the filtration of the air component from cotton raw materials during the introduction of the working body, is disclosed. A generalized equation is obtained that describes the force stress in a cotton medium when exposed to a variety of shapes of working bodies of cotton machines. A method for calculating the damage to seeds and cotton fibers in the process of interaction with the working bodies of processing machines is proposed.

In the process of processing raw cotton or cotton fiber, the fibrous mass is sharply mechanically affected by organs on the work of organs in the area of inflammation or disease, while complex processes occur inside the fibrous mass associated with a change in the measurement of density and pressure in it. Stresses in the fibers in the presence of conditions of high density of body mass, which can be manifested by plastic deformation, shortening of the fibers and severity of quality. The derived theory for the stress state of cotton raw materials in the process of processing allows to use it practically in all important issues of describing the damage of fiber and cotton seeds in the technological operations of primary processing of cotton
Study of sediment deposition processes and assessment of the change in the W-H characteristics of the madaghis reservoir
Authors: Baljyan Pargev , Sarukhanyan Arestak , Avanesyan Eleonora
Published: January 2023

The accumulation of sediments in reservoir is always a problem. Over time, these accumulations occupy the volume meant for water management, dramatically reducing the reservoir's effectiveness. The environment of the river basin below the reservoir undergoes significant changes. In this regard, assessing changes in volumetric W-H characteristics, particularly in reservoirs built on high turbidity rivers, is critical. The Mataghis Reservoir on Tartar River was chosen as the object of study. The quantity of accumulated sediments was established by original measurements and was calculated in three hydrologic ways at distinct stages of operation. The actual graphs showing the reservoir's W-H volumetric characteristics were made two decades after commissioning and are still in use. According to the findings, over 70 per cent of the reservoir volume has been filled with sediments over the course of the reservoir's thirty-year operation. A theoretical model of the sediment buildup process in basins has been created. Separate parameters have been created for the deposition of bottom sediments entering the reservoir and suspended particles in the flow. Based on them, the patterns of distribution of accumulated sediments according to the length and height of the reservoir were drawn out. The vertical pulsation velocity and the results of studies for determining the minimum rate of soil particle flow were used. To solve sedimentation problems in operating and newly constructed reservoirs, a methodology for evaluating changes in the amount of collected water and changes in the volume of water control, as well as a theoretical method for projecting their future behavior, can be applied
An intervention strategy to enhance technical vocational education and training entrepreneurship education lecturers’ knowledge of content and teaching
Authors: Motsoeneng Molefi , Sithole Nosihle Veronica
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to design an intervention strategy to enhance Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) entrepreneurship education (EE) lecturers’ knowledge of content and teaching. The objective of the study involved unpacking the literature regarding Pedagogical Content Knowledge or knowledge of content and teaching (KCT). The study adopted a critical emancipatory research (CER) paradigm, in which the criteria for quality were determined by advancing an agenda for equity, social justice, freedom, peace, and hope. A participatory action research (PAR) approach was chosen as an appropriate methodology because it provides for collaborative research, in which all participants contribute to the design of the framework. Regarding this study, it thus necessitated teamwork involving the teaching of entrepreneurship, which consisted of the lecturers, a parent representative, a head of department, two students, and a local entrepreneur. The data was generated and collected by means of discussions/formal meetings with team members. The data was analysed using van Djik critical discourse analysis (CDA). The findings reveal that Technical Vocational Education and Training college lecturers possessed poor knowledge of content and teaching. Therefore, there is a need for proactive intervention to improve the teaching of entrepreneurship.
The silence of black female voices in the course of learning english literature in South African secondary schools
Authors: Emsley Maletšema Ruth , Montle Malesela Edward
Published: January 2023

This article explores patriarchal supremacist content in English secondary school Literature in postcolonial South Africa. In the course of colonization and Bantu Education, South African women, particularly Blacks were excluded in matters of education. They did not only endure racial, sexist, cultural, and other gendered-based atrocities in their societies and homes, they also suffered politically, economically, and intellectually. That made them more apprehensive than white women. For millennia black women, in particular, were treated as nurturers, caregivers and homemakers who were regarded as weak and dependent. Much of what secondary school literature, read in English classes, is written by males and follows a male protagonist. If women texts are involved, women are [were] portrayed differently from males, viewed as less capable or less significant. Although SA democratic constitution (Chapter 2) prescribed that everyone has a right to expression, in which everyone shares human rights, such as equality and freedom; black South African women still experience inequalities and lack of resourcefulness in the academic literary world. While women are the broad targets of myriad inadequacies and appalling atrocities in SA and have tried to raise their plights scholastically through literary writings and movements, they are deprived of chances to share these experiences in the literature that is scholastically acknowledged in secondary school Literature. As a result, this study examined the gender representation in English texts, read in SA secondary school Literature, regarding women representation in English first additional language (EFAL) Literature set-works in post-apartheid South Africa from 2009-2019 using a quantitative approach. Black Feminism Theory, which advocates equal representation of sexes, undergirds this study.
The effect of performance management of strategy on an executive decision support framework for the financial service sector of a developing economy
Authors: Jairam-Owthar Denisha , Naicker Visvanathan , Unhelkar Bhuvan
Published: January 2023

Strategic alignment from a performance perspective is difficult to achieve manually. Transparently aligning organizational strategy to each employee’s key performance indicators reduces the risk of duplication and redundancies in performances. Executive Decision Support Framework (EDSF) results in efficiency, cost reduction, and employee satisfaction when their performance is aligned with organizational goals on a continuous basis. This study posits that achieving optimum strategic alignment for the organization and reducing inefficiencies is a function of data and its ensuing analytics.

This paper presents mathematical evidence to confirm that Performance Management of Strategy is integral to an Executive Decision Support Framework (EDSF).

A mixed method research approach was followed where semi-structured interviews were held with Chief Information Officers. The semi-structured interviews formed the basis of survey design. The survey questionnaires were qualitatively analysed using structural equation modelling and the maximum likelihood estimates method, to mathematically prove Performance Management of Strategy is an integral part of Executive Decision Support Framework

This research provides evidence that Performance Management of Strategy is integral to and must be contained in the Executive Decision Support Framework.

Performance Management of Strategy is mathematically linked to an EDSF. Although Performance Management of Strategy comprises latent variables, there is a strong correlation between information quality and an EDSF.
Batman Barajı’nın Yıkılması Durumunda Mansapta Taşkın Riskinin İki Boyutlu Hidrolik Modelleme ve Uydu Verileri ile Analizi
Authors: UYSAL Gökçen , TAŞÇI Enver
Published: January 2023

Baraj yıkılmalarına bağlı taşkınların mansap bölgesine etkilerinin belirlenmesi afete hazırlık çalışmaları için önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Batman Barajı’nın yıkılması durumunda mansabındaki yerleşim yerlerinin taşkın risk durumu incelenmiştir. Çalışma, HEC-RAS modeli içerisinde bütünleşik çalışan iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada, trapez gediklenerek baraj yıkılması sonucu oluşacak taşkın hidrografı elde edilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, taşkının Batman Nehri ve civarında yayılım simülasyonu 2 Boyutlu hidrodinamik modeli ile yapılmıştır. Modelin en önemli girdisi olan arazi bilgisi, 30 m mekânsal çözünürlüklü SRTM ve 12,5 m mekânsal çözünürlüklü ALOS-PALSAR uydu ürünü Sayısal Yükseklik Modeli (SYM) verilerinden temin edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar (su derinliği, su hızı, varış süresi ve tehlike haritaları) Harita Genel Müdürlüğünden sağlanan 5 m mekânsal çözünürlüklü Sayısal Arazi Modeli (SAM) tabanlı referans model sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Taşkın debisi 3-4 saat içerisinde Batman Havaalanı’na varmakta ve nehir yatağında su hızları 5 -10 m/s arasında değişmektedir. Uydu ürünü SYM tabanlı modeller referans modele yakın (R2=0.79) sonuçlar üretebilmektedir. Maksimum su seviyesi F-indeks performansına göre referans model ile aralarındaki uyum %92 mertebesindedir. SRTM uydusu düşük mekânsal çözünürlüğüne rağmen ALOS-PALSAR’a göre düşük/benzer hata değerine (RMSE ve MAE) sahiptir. Taşkın debisinin şehre ulaşmadığı, fakat Atıksu Arıtma tesisi ile Batman Havaalanına kısmi etki edebileceği; kırsal bölgede 10.985 kişinin taşkın riski altında olacağı öngörülmektedir.
Zemin Hâkim Frekanslarının Farklı Algoritmalarla Belirlenmesi: İzmir Örneği
Authors: KÖMEÇ MUTLU Ahu , MERT TUĞSAL Ülgen , CAMBAZ Musavver
Published: January 2023

30 Ekim 2020 günü yerel saat ile 14:51’de Ege Denizi’nde Samos Adası’nın kuzeyi ile Doğanbey-İzmir açıklarında meydana gelen deprem (Mw 6,9) İzmir, Samos Adası ve çevresindeki birçok il ve yerleşim yerinde hissedilmiştir. Deprem şiddet haritasına bakıldığında beklenenin aksine en büyük etki merkez üssünden 70 km uzakta bulunan Bayraklı ilçesinde meydana gelmiş ve bölgede sadece ağır yapısal hasara değil can kayıplarına da neden olmuştur. Meydana gelen yapısal hasarlar değerlendirildiğinde, olası bir depremin etkilerinin tahmin edilmesi çalışmalarında yerel zemin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Deprem anında yerin zemin hâkim frekansını ve zemin yükseltgenme faktörünü belirlemede HVSR (Yatay Düşey Spektral Oran) yöntemi yoğun deprem aktivitesi olmayan bölgelerde bile yaygın olarak kullanılabilmesi açısından avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada ivme-ölçer ve hız istasyonu kayıtlarından alınan deprem ve gürültü verilerinin farklı yazılımlar kullanılarak HVSR yöntemi ile analizi ve elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca aynı istasyonların verileri kullanılarak farklı yerel zemin sınıfları için davranış spektrumları elde edilmiş ve deprem yönetmeliğinde yer alan tasarım spektrumları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda HVSR yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçların bölgedeki zemin etkilerini ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen yapısal hasarları doğrular nitelikte olduğu gözlenmiştir. HVSRpy ve Geopsy programları kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar, birbiri ile uyum içerisinde olup HVSRpy fonksiyonel bir şekilde GEOPSY ile benzer kararlılıkta sonuçlar üretebilmektedir ve kullanıcının python açık kod kullanımındaki yatkınlığına göre araştırmacılar tarafından pratik bir şekilde kullanımı sağlanabilir.
CASE REPORT: SQUAMOUS SUTURE SYNOSTOSIS IN RAINE SYNDROME CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University., Ali Shash Hani , Fahad Almarzouq Sawsan ,   Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University., Abdulaziz Alghamdi Abdulrahman ,   Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University., Ali Shash Hayam ,   College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this case study review is to evaluate Squamous Suture synostosis in Raine syndrome. Raine syndrome is characterized by dysmorphic features including exophthalmos, microcephaly, gum hypertrophy, low-set ears, midface hypoplasia, and osteosclerosis. RS is closely associated with squamous suture synostosis, one of the lateral minor skull sutures separating the parietal and squamous temporal bones. The study examined a three-year-old Saudi male born to healthy parents and a known case of Raine syndrome, craniosynostosis, degenerative myopia, and cataract. The Computed tomography (CT) scan results showed that the patient had metopic craniosynostosis with squamosal suture craniosynostosis and high intracranial pressure (ICP). The findings show that the association between Squamous Suture synostosis and Raine syndrome is seen in osteoporosis-related to deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II. However, in Raine syndrome disorder, the calcifications are seen after one year of age in many cases. Thus, it can be noted that Raine syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive in FAM20C mutation and is most identified among children.
A rational approach to drug therapy of acute bacterial sinusitis in patients who have had a coronavirus infection
Authors: Korkmazov M. Yu. , Kornova N. V. , Gizinger O. A. , Zyryanova K. S. , Beloshangin A. S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In the complex therapy of acute bacterial sinusitis, drugs that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, mucolytic effects are widely used. The article discusses the effectiveness of the use of a phytopreparation containing standardized myrtol, limonene, cineol and alpha – pinene in the treatment of acute sinusitis in patients who have undergone SARS-CoV-2.

Aim. To increase the effectiveness of conservative therapy of acute bacterial sinusitis in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) using a complex phytopreparation.

Materials and methods. A simple randomized controlled clinical research study involved 83 patients suffering from acute bacterial sinusitis after a coronavirus infection. Potential, safety and recovery time were evaluated in two groups: a group of patients (n = 41) taking standardized Myrtol limonel, cineol and alpha – pinene (a phytotherapeutic drug), compared with a group (n = 42) taking an antibacterial drug. The severity of clinical manifestations was assessed according to the VAS scale, cognitive functions and memory were carried out using standard psychological tests and an assessment of the quality of life according to SNOT-22.

Results and discussion. The use of Respero Myrtol forte, containing standardized Myrtol limonel, cineol and alpha-pinene, in the complex therapy of bacterial sinusitis in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly improved clinical symptoms, cognitive functions and the quality of life. Good drug tolerance, high potential and safety, recovery and improvement of the quality of life at an early date were noted.

Conclusions. In the treatment of patients with bacterial sinusitis in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), Respiro Myrtol forte has shown high antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effects, good bioavailability, tolerance and safety.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the dioscorea in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia
Authors: Kopylova D. V. , Ponomareva E. N.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The effective and safe management of dyslipidemia is an important step in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aim. To evaluate the experience of the use of dioscorea drug in the treatment of patients with NAFLD and dyslipidemia.

Materials and methods. The effectiveness of a six-month course of dioscorea monotherapy of dyslipidemia was evaluated in 30 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. The observation period was 24 weeks and included 3 visits: before treatment, at week 12 and 24 of the therapy. Changes in complaints, values of lipidograms and biochemical blood tests, liver elastometry were assessed over time, quality of life was measured by SF-36 questionnaire.

Results. A decrease in the frequency of the initially recorded symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, pain or feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region and upper abdomen, flatulence, anorexia, nausea/heartburn was observed by week 12. No flatulence and nausea were recorded by week 24, the frequency of the remaining symptoms did not exceed 3-20%. During a six-month course of treatment, the reduction ratio for total cholesterol was 16%, LDL – 27%, triglycerides and atherogenic coefficient – 38% each, HDL level increased by 25%. The decrease in the levels of ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase to the reference values was recorded by week 12, which was maintained until visit 3. According to elastometry findings, a decrease in liver stiffness (from 5.5 ± 4.2 to 4.3 ± 1.2 kPa; p < 0.01) and an increase in the percentage of patients corresponding to the METAVIR F0 score (from 43 to 77%, p = 0.01) was reported by visit 3. The therapy resulted in increase of SF-36 total score: physical well-being improved from 46.3 ± 9.1 to 50.3 ± 7.2 scores (p < 0.001); psychological well-being from 40.6 ± 9.2 to 48 ± 6.9 scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. The inclusion of dioscorea drug in the NAFLD therapy allows to achieve a persistent decrease in atherogenic indices of lipidograms, normalization of biochemical markers of the functional state of liver, which clinically determines the regression and relief of the main symptoms of the disease, improving the patients’ quality of life. From the objective point of view, the decrease in liver stiffness was recorded, which is essential for improving prognosis and reducing the risk of NAFLD progression.
Clinical masks or manifestations of the biliary sample: diagnosis, choice of rational pharmacotherapy
Authors: Minushkin О. N.
Published: January 2023

Clinical masks or variants  of a course  of biliary pathology  are analyzed  in the  article. The knowledge  of these  masks (course variants) is very important because it expands  our view of pathology, considerably  reduces  process  of diagnostics and narrows range  of nosologies  between which differential  diagnostics should  be carried out. Brief description of the  most frequent  variants – masks, which form biliary pathology, is presented in the article. Among them the following variants are indicated: 1) cutaneous; 2) cardiac; 3) oesophageal; 4) autonomic  dysfunction;  5) pancreatic;  6) dyspeptic; and 7) colitis-like variant. Each variant has a clinical sign that allows it to be classified as biliary pathology. Due to the large number of mask variants, a unified examination programme  and diagnostic  steps, a probable  diagnosis wording is given, allowing the most rational therapy to be chosen. Clinical trial included  120 patients:  10 pregnant women with cholestasis (a small but very important study, as pregnant women are often encountered in therapeutic practice, and they are often subjected to unnecessary investigations, resulting  in lost time, and therapy requires  markedly more effort), 45 with organic pathology  and 65 with problems  of functional  nosologies. The pharmacotherapy included a highly effective artichoke drug, which has a pathogenetic effect on most of the pharmacological targets and has a choleretic and protective  effect. Overall treatment efficacy was 90% with good tolerability  and no side effects.
Biosimilar of analogue of insulin glargin: proven safety, effectiveness, interchangeability
Authors: Bulgakova S. V. , Saverskaya E. N. , Sharonova L. A. , Dolgikh Yu. A. , Kosareva O. V.
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global medical and social problem, its prevalence is steadily increasing throughout the world. The significance of DM is due to early disability and high mortality, primarily from macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Adequate therapy and its timely intensification in order to achieve an optimal individual level of glycemic control is an important aspect in this regard. Insulin therapy is indicated for all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes the appointment of basal insulin is necessary if it is impossible to adequately control glycemia with oral drugs. Treatment of diabetes all over the world and in our country requires significant healthcare costs. The problem of reducing the cost of drug therapy in all countries of the world is currently being solved by the admission to the market of biosimilar drugs (biosimilars). A biosimilar (biosimilar) medicinal product (biosimilar, biosimilar) is a biological product similar in terms of quality, efficacy and safety to a reference biological medicinal product in the same dosage form and having an identical route of administration. Insulin glargine is one of the commonly used drugs in clinical practice and is of interest for reproduction. Biosimilar currently registered. This is a biosimilar of domestic production of insulin glargine with proven bio- and therapeutic equivalence, immune safety, good tolerance, recognized as interchangeable with the original insulin glargine. Indications and contraindications for use can be extrapolated to biosimilar without fear of reducing efficacy and the development of adverse events.
Features of the clinical picture and severity of pain syndrome in girls with genital endometriosis on the background of conservative therapy of the disease in adolescence
Authors: Khashchenko E. P. , Pustynnikova M. Yu. , Kyurdzidi S. O. , Uvarova E. V. , Salnikova I. A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Endometriosis is characterised by a chronic course and significantly affects the quality of life of young patients. Aim. To study the features of the clinical picture and pain syndrome in adolescent girls with genital endometriosis against the background of 1 year of therapy.

Materials and methods. A prospective longitudinal study included 32 girls (14–17 years old) with a confirmed diagnosis of genital endometriosis. The clinical picture and severity of pain syndrome were assessed against the background of conservative therapy with NSAID (naproxen) to relieve dysmenorrhea and gestagen (dienogest) for 1 year.

Results. The main complaint of girls with endometriosis was pain, which appeared on the day before menstruation or in the middle of the cycle since menarche (64%) or increased in 1–1.5 years after menarche (23%) to very intense pain (8.3 ± 1.6 V scale) of a tensive (44%) or clutching (25%) nature. One third of adolescents reported daily pain (24%), the majority (75%) complained of restricted daily activity and performance, gastrointestinal symptoms (44%) and dysuria (22%). After 1 year of treatment with gestagens and NSAIDs patients had a significant decrease in pain on the days of menstruation (p <0,001), as well as outside menstruation (p <0,001), frequency of restriction of daily activities (p <0,001), weakness, lowered working capacity on menstrual days (p < 0.001), gastrointestinal symptoms (p < 0.001) and urinary disorders (p < 0.001) and the need for mandatory pain medication (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. A significant reduction in pain syndrome and clinical manifestations of dysmenorrhea against the background of an improved quality of life was observed in the adolescent patients during 1 year of conservative endometriosis therapy. No intensification or increase in the frequency of headache attacks or significant changes in BMI were observed in the study group, which is indicative of good tolerance and contributes to treatment adherence in young female patients.
Prediction of postpartum endometritis in women after vaginal birth
Authors: Zhilinkova N. G. , Apresyan S. V. , Apresyan S. S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. About 5 million postpartum infectious complications are recorded annually, and about 75 thousand of them lead to maternal death.

Aim. To create predictive model founded on binary logistic regression which could help to diagnosis postpartum endometritis in women after vaginal delivery, based on analyses of links between anamnesis data, anthropometric indicators and risk of postpartum endometritis in postpartum women in modern mega policy.

Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, analysis of the 61 medical histories or the postpartum patient admitted to the gynecological department of a state medical institution in Moscow since 2019 to 2021 year was carried out with “Postpartum endometritis” and analysis of history of 70 birth history of postpartum women after physiological labor in different maternity hospital in Moscow.

Results. Patient with postpartum endometritis statistically significant greater have overweight (р = 0,015), dental caries (р = 0,000), vaginitis (р = 0,000), first pregnancy (p = 0,025) and the next complications of pregnancy: acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) (p = 0,010), urinary tract infections (p = 0,015), gestational diabetes (p = 0,013), inflammatory diseases of vagina and vulva (p = 0,008). They have statistically significant greater induction of labor (p = 0,000) and greater blood loss (p = 0,001).

Conclusions. Predictive model is statistically significant, has 87,1% specifity and 86,9% sensitivity. It allows to prognose postpartum endometritis after vaginal birth.
Clinical manifestation of corneal epithelial dystrophy after LASIK
Authors: Surnina Z. V. , Sukhanova E. V. , Gamidov A. A.
Published: January 2023

Modern keratorefractive surgery provides high efficiency, safety, predictability, stability of clinical and functional results of correction of various types of ametropia. In the process of preoperative diagnostics, standard and special examination methods are performed to exclude corneal diseases and determine the optimal technology for laser vision correction in each specific case. However, detection of subclinical forms of dystrophies and degenerations of the cornea is not always possible in the course of standard preoperative diagnostics. In this connection, the aim of this work is to present a clinical case of the manifestation of corneal epithelial dystrophy after laser vision correction. The article describes a rare case of clinical manifestation of corneal epithelial dystrophy after excimer laser vision correction, which was compensated by anti-inflammatory and corneoprotective therapy. Diagnostic studies are also separately described, including keratotopographic examination, optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment of the eyes and in vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea, the role of these research methods in the early diagnosis of degenerative processes of the cornea is noted. In vivo laser confocal microscopy is classified as a minimally invasive diagnostic manipulation that allows real-time analysis of all layers of the cornea at a level close to histological. Recently, this method of diagnosing the anterior segment of the eye has found wide application in clinical practice. The management of patients with corneal dystrophies requires increased attention from an ophthalmologist; anti-inflammatory and keratoprotective therapy of the cornea, followed by long-term dynamic monitoring of the eye condition, is topical as a prescribed treatment.
Parents’ view on issues and problems of managing type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in everyday life: results of the all-russian sociological survey “VOSHOD”
Authors: Saverskaya E. N.
Published: January 2023

Introduction.  Proper  education of patients and  their  environment is essential in achieving  compensation for type 1 diabetes mellitus  (T1DM).

Aim. Identifying problems  in T1DM management in children and adolescents in daily life and assessing  the needs for educational activities for children and parents.

Materials and methods.  A sociological  survey with the participation of 508 parents  of children and adolescents with T1DM was conducted in February-April 2022 in 7 federal districts of the Russian Federation. The electronic questionnaire contained 80 questions on various areas of disease  management.

Results. Age of children from 3 to 18 years (average 10.7 ± 3.64 g); gender  of children female – 52.2% (265), male – 47.8% (243); T1DM experience – from 1 month  to 15 years (average  3.9 ± 3.2 years). Parents  face problems  of glycemic variability in children (19.5%), difficulties  in adjusting  insulin dosages  (14.4%), catering  in schools/kindergartens (21.0%), preferential provision of insulins  and medical  devices  for self-control of glycemia (17.1%), age characteristics of childhood  and adolescence (14.9%), psychological  problems  (24.4%), indifference  of medical  workers  (10.8%), difficulties  of examination for glycated  hemoglobin (36.3%); low physical activity of children (57.9%), lack of knowledge  and skills of proper monitoring  of glycemia during physical activity (46.6%), inaccessibility  of sports (22.7%). Parents  receive knowledge  in schools of diabetes (37.6%), from endocrinologists  (42.5%), dia chats  in instant  messengers (70.5%), social networks  (59.6%), Internet  resources  (77.2%) are considered an important source  of information.  91.3% of parents  need  constant replenishment of knowledge,  they consider  it important to educate children and form a responsible attitude towards  their health.

Conclusion. The current  continuing  education of patients with T1DM and their environment in the management of the disease in everyday life, the solution  of issues  of timely and full preferential provision of children  and adolescents with T1DM medical devices  for monitoring  glycemia  and  insulin  preparations will contribute to increasing  the  effectiveness of therapy,  reducing the risk of complications and improving their quality of life.
Features of the pathology of the lymphoid ring of the pharynx in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Andrianov A. V. , Drozdova M. V. , Preobrazhenskaya Yu. S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. For many years, one of the problems in medicine that attracted the attention of specialists from different areas of medicine was herpes virus infection. There are many reasons for this, including the often persistent nature of the course, a wide variety of clinical manifestations and routes of transmission, and many target organs of this infection. The disease can proceed in different ways, it has both asymptomatic, mild and rather severe course. For otorhinolaryngologists, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) are the most relevant and important in the context of the treated site of the pathological process. Since the end of 2020, humanity has faced a new, previously unexplored viral infection – a new coronavirus infection. And just like the previously studied herpes virus infection, COVID-19 has a large number of clinical manifestations and affects a huge number of organs and organ systems.

Aim. To determine the types of interplay between COVID-19 and herpesviruses (EBV, CMV, HHV-6) in children of different ages with abnormalities of the lymphoid ring of pharynx.

Materials and methods. In the course of the study, a comprehensive examination was carried out and the results of examination of children with pathology of the lymphoid ring of the pharynx who had herpes virus infection and COVID-19 were analyzed.

Results. The results of the study obtained in the course of the work are consistent with the data that the virus carrier. The presence of an infectious agent triggers the production of macrophages and leads to clonal selection of T and B cells. Further, lymphocytes are transformed into lymphoblasts, which are capable of division and their transformation into plasma and B-memory cells occurs. As a result of this process, hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue occurs and its reactive activity increases. (persistent herpesvirus infection) is one of the important causes of lymphoid proliferation in children. The combination of antigenic load and immaturity of the immune system in children is accompanied by an increase in the activity of lymphoid tissue and its compensatory activity.

Conclusions. Past mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 can contribute to the reactivation of lymphotropic herpesviruses, first of all EBV, in 55-65% of children of preschool and school age.