bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the outcome of patients with acute extradural haematomas undergoing surgery
Authors: Islam MJ , Saha SK , Elahy MF , Islam KMT , Ahamed SU
Published: June 2011

Background: Acute extradural haematoma (EDH) remains most common cause of mortality and disability resulting from traumatic brain injury. In the last three decades, improvements in rescue, neuromonitoring, diagnostic procedure and intensive care have led to better outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the outcome in patients with EDH undergoing surgery treated in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: In this retrospective study, 102 consecutive patients with acute EDH who underwent craniotomy were included. The study was carried out from July 2003 to December 2005. The diagnosis was made clinically and radiologically by CT scan. Patients were grouped on the basis of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and operative outcomes were evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) Results: More than half sampled respondents’ (57%) age were more than 20 years while rests of the patients below 20 years with male predominance (Male: Female -12:1). About 7 in 10 respondents (70.6%) were working. Similarly, majority of the respondents (79.4%) had lost more than 30 ml blood. A notable proportion of the respondents (73.5%) had good GCS score (9-15 score) during admission. Similarly majority of the respondents (70.6%) had GCS score 9-15 and 29.4% had GCS score 3-8 before surgery. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) (65%) is the most common cause of EDH followed by assault (20%) and fall from height (12%). Temporal and temporo-parietal locations were the most common site of EDH (56%). Patients with good GCS before surgery had significantly better outcome (89%) compare to those who had bad GCS (10%). Conclusion: Level of consciousness before surgery is the most important factor affecting the outcome. Hence, early diagnosis and surgical intervention is very essential. Key words: Acute Extradural Haematoma (EDH); Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7806 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.112-120
Irrational use of Eucalyptus oil in dentistry: a case report
Authors: Shishir RS , Renita C , Kumuda AR , Subhas BG
Published: June 2011

Use of herbal medicaments for dental pain is a practice still followed in some parts of rural India. Most often these herbal medicines are readily available to the rural without the prescription from an authorized practitioner. Eucalyptus oil is one such herbal drug which is widely used for a number of ailments. An unusual and a rare case of chemical injury secondary to the use of eucalyptus oil has been presented here. We have also described the management of the injury with herbal medication. This case report tends to highlights the dangers of self medication and also stresses on the role of herbal medications in dentistry. Keywords: Eucalyptus oil; chemical ulcers; acacia catechu; dentistry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7807 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.121-124
Near fatal fall complicated by penetrating neck injury with uneventful outcome: a case report
Authors: Nabeel A , Irfan M
Published: June 2011

Fall from height is commonly associated with long bones fractures or neurological compromised outcome. On the other hand, penetrating neck injury is linked to life threatening complications especially when the injury involves major blood vessels, spinal cord, cervical spines and aerodigestive tracts. However, in some rare circumstances, a patient may suffer both the eventful fall from height complicated with penetrating neck injury. We report a patient who presented with a wooden stick passing through the lateral side of his neck after an episode of fall. He survived without any residual complications. Keywords: Fall; penetrating neck injury. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7808 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.125-128
Concomitant occurrence of canine transmigration and symmetrical agenesis of incisors  A case report
Authors: Nagaveni NB , Radhika NB , Umashankara KV , Satisha TS
Published: June 2011

Transmigration of mandibular canine is an unusual phenomenon characterized by movement of the impacted canine crossing the mandibular midline. Mandibular canine are rarely found impacted in a horizontal position in the mandible. Most of the time, this entity occurred as an isolated finding. However there are reports showing association of dentigerous cyst and a hyperdontia. The purpose of this report is to present a case of transmigrated canine associated with agenesis of mandibular both central incisors which is not reported previously. Key words: Intra-osseous migration; mandibular canine; agenesis; central incisors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7810 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.133-136
Orbital Apex Syndrome secondary to odontogenic sinusitis
Authors: Ayzam A , Irfan M
Published: June 2011

An orbital abscess is a rare complication of an odontogenic infection, but it can lead to high morbidity and mortality. This paper presents a case of orbital abscess secondary to an infection of upper molar teeth that developed after the tooth extraction. The direct spread of the infection through the oroantral fistula and extended to the orbit close to the superior orbital fissure. Keywords: Abscess; orbital complication; sinusitis; odontogenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7811 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.137-140
Health related quality of life among the people living with HIV
Authors: Imam MH , Karim MR , Ferdous C , Akhter S
Published: June 2011

Identifying the level of health related quality of life (HQoL) and their influencing factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive people is of extreme importance in implementing an interventional program to support this group. This cross sectional study was an attempt to determine the level and factors associated with HQoL among the people living with HIV. A convenient sample of 82 HIV-infected people from three NGOs and one Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH), were interviewed using an interviewer administered, semi structured questionnaire developed by adopting the “WHOQOL-HIV BREF instrument”. A majority of the respondents were with low Quality of Life (QoL) in all the domains of HQoL. The proportion of respondents with low QoL was highest in the domain of social relationship (64.6%) followed by psychological domain (59.8%), physical domain (58.5%), level of independence domain (56.1%), environmental domain (52.4%) and spirituality domain (52.4%) of HQoL. Bivariate analysis revealed that the overall perception of QoL was better in the respondents living in urban area, who were employed and asymptomatic of the centre for disease control (CDC) stage of HIV. The perception of overall health was higher in females, all respondents less than 35 years of age, asymptomatic of the CDC stage of disease and with a current CD4 count greater than 200 cell/mm3. These findings highlight the need for enhanced socio-psychosocial support and a better environment for improving the health related quality of life among people living with HIV. DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v37i1.7791 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2011; 37: 1 -6
Evaluation of management, control, complications and psychosocial aspects of diabetics in Bangladesh: DiabCare Bangladesh 2008
Authors: Latif ZA , Jain A , Rahman MM
Published: June 2011

DiabCare Bangladesh 2008 evaluated the current status of diabetes care in Bangladesh as a continuation of similar cross-sectional study conducted previously in 1998. The current study recruited 1952 patients from general hospitals, diabetes clinics and referral clinics to study current scenario of diabetes management from 01 March 2009 to 31 March 2009. We report the results of type 2 diabetic population who constituted 95.3% (n=1860). Results showed deteriorating glycaemic control with mean HbA1c of 8.6±2.0% with only 23.1% of the patients achieving American Diabetes Association (ADA) target of <7%. 896 (47.0%) patients were hypertensive and 850 (94.9%) were on antihypertensive medication. 70.8% of patients had LDL levels >2.6 mmol/L; 43.8% had triglycerides >2.2 mmol/L; 44.1% had HDL<1 mmol/L despite 48% of the patients being on lipid lowering agents. Microvascular, macrovascular and severe late complications were reported in 39.2%, 9.9% and 12.1% patients respectively. The rates of diabetic complications were cataract 12.9%, microalbuminuria 15.7%, neuropathy symptoms 31.7%, leg amputation 1.2% and history of angina pectoris was 6.6%. Quality of life evaluation showed that about half of patients have poor quality of life. Also, there was poor adherence to diet, exercise and self testing of blood glucose. In conclusion, majority of the patients were still not satisfactorily controlled. There is an urgent need for effective remedial measures to increase adherence to practice guidelines and to educate both patients and healthcare personnel on importance of achieving clinical targets for metabolic control. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i1.7793 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2011; 37: 11 - 16
Birthweight of the babies delivered by chronic energy deficient mothers in National Nutrition Program (NNP) intervention area
Authors: Karim MR , Flora MS , Akhter S
Published: June 2011

An operational research was done to explore the effect of targeted food supplementation by comparing the birthweight of the babies of two areas (intervention & nonintervention). This record-based study was carried out in Kapasia and Savar upazila of Dhaka division, relying on the primary organizational data of 565 mothers. In the National Nutrition Program (NNP) area only fifty percent moderate to severe malnourished [Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) II & III] mothers were preferably targeted for onsite food support while 34 of them managed to complete the full course. The mean (±SD) BMI of the supplemented mothers were lower (16.21±0.77) kg/m2, than non-supplemented mothers in Kapasia (17.14±.82) kg/m2 and Savar 17.03±1.19) kg/m2 area. The mean (±SD) birth-weight for non NNP (Savar) category Mean (±SD) 2470±366.03 grams, for NNP (Kapasia) non-supplemented group 2720.18 (±368.63) grams and in Kapasia good supplemented group it was 2752.94 (±344.86) grams. Supplemented and non-supplemented mothers of NNP mothers were four times more likely to deliver normal birthweight babies [odds ratio with 95%CI 3.84 (2.01, 7.34)] and [odds ratio with 95%CI 3.90 (2.17, 7.01)] than mothers of control area when adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Birth weight status improved with better CED levels. Birth weight adjusted for CED status, had no significant association with food supplementation. In this study, the basic findings were food supplementation could not increase birth-weight significantly as other effects contributed to improve birthweight were removed. As fully supplemented CED III mothers gave birth almost same weighted babies in comparison to the babies of CED I mothers; the recovery from the probability of being less weighted than the current status might be considered as a potential effect of food supplementation.   DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i1.7794 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2011; 37: 17 – 23
Safety and efficacy of the supracostal access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Our initial experience
Authors: Hossain M , Ullah ATMA , Regmi S , Rahman H , Kibria SAMG
Published: June 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the supracostal access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Between July 2007 and June 2010, 122 patients underwent PCNL, of whom 28 (23%) had supracostal access. All procedures were performed in a single sitting under general anesthesia. The data were analysed for indications, stone clearance rates and the complications associated with supracostal puncture. The indications for a supracostal access were staghorn stones (50%), pelvis stones (28.5%), calyceal stones in high-lying kidney (18%) and upper ureter/ureteric stones (3.5%). All tracts were made in the 11th intercostal space. Single tract access was used in 22 cases (78%), but 6 (22%) required a second tract. Additional punctures were required mainly for staghorn stones (4 out of 14). Overall, 82% of the patients were rendered stone free or had clinically insignificant residual stones with PCNL monotherapy, and this increased to 96% with secondary procedures. In patients with staghorn stones, they were completely cleared in 78%. Overall complication rate was 28% and included hydrothorax in 3 (10%) patients, which required insertion of a chest tube. One (3.5%) patient developed haemothorax secondary to injury of the intercostal artery, pelvic perforation in 1 (3.5%), perinephric collection in 1 (3.5%), infection/sepsis in 2 (7%). Except those patients who had complication, all other patient recovered uneventfully. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 2 to 9 days. In conclusion, supracostal access gives high clearance rate with acceptable complications and should not be avoided for fear of chest complications. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i1.7797 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2011; 37: 34 - 38
Subjugated in the Creative Industries: The Fine Arts in Singapore
Authors: Ooi Can-Seng
Published: June 2011

The arts and culture are considered core in a creative industries strategy. But the promotion of the creative industries brings about revised notions of creativity. These revised notions are being applied to the arts. Creativity is now seen to be largely manageable. All individuals are made to believe that they can be creative. Not only that, creativity is seen to be a money spinner. Workers should tap into their creativity and bring about innovations in the work place. Pupils are taught to tap into their creativity and to think outside the box. Such views on creativity galvanize the public and enthuse many people into the creative industries. Such notions of creativity contrast against the fine arts. Regardless, as this paper examines the situation in Singapore, shows that fine artists in the city-state are finding themselves internalizing a market logic and have tied their art practices to economic value. Fine arts practices will not be as lucrative or popular as their counterparts in the other creative businesses; they will remain poor cousins in the creative industries. Essentially, the fine arts are being subjugated in the creative industries and the Singaporean art world is being changed.
Creating the Creative Post-political Citizen?: The Showroom as an Arena for Creativity
Authors: Ek Richard
Published: June 2011

The aim of this article is to give a tentative illustration of how a creative, postpolitical citizen is imagined and encouraged to unfold within the frame of a city renewal project. As a starting point, the article outlines an exploratory framework structured through the analytical concept of postpolis. Postpolis is a term that offers an illustration of the distinguishing qualities of contemporary urbanity in a principal and schematic way. Postpolis here has three cornerstones: the idea of post-politics (the thesis that today politics is out-defined and replaced by governmental practices that leave little space for public influence and participation), the notion of biopolitics and the claim that planning is a governmental practice that is substantially influenced by business management approaches. The illustrative section of the article gives an overview of the empirical illustration H+ and SHIP. H+ is an urban regeneration project in the city of Helsingborg, in southern Sweden. As the largest urban regeneration project in Sweden to date, it will run for 30 years and affect about a third of the total area of the city. The showroom SHIP, which has been constructed in connection with this urban project, presents both what can be done and what is encouraged in tandem with an investigation of the functions, tasks and design of this showroom. The article thus initiates an ethnographic study of the showroom as a planning servicescape, in which the future citizen of Helsingborg is superimposed on the bodies of the visitors.
Changements et permanences : géographie du travail et des vacances des Italiens
Authors: Rochefort Renée
Published: June 2011

CAMBIAMENTI E PERMANENZE GEOGRAFIA DEL LAVORO E DELLA VILLEGIATURA IN ITALIA

Troviamo in" una prima parte un esame deU' evoluzione complessiva délie forze di lavoro in Italia.

L'autore cerca di interpretâre un fenomeno ormai accertato : il calo della popolazione attiva, con una accurata anâUsi, dei tre settori di attività e in seguito dei componenti della popolazione inattiva.

Le !dualità regionali inquanto riguarda il lavoro rimangono ma cambiano significato. L'autore mette in luce gli aspetti odierni di tre problemi meridionali : movimenti migratori, la terziarizzazione della popolazione, le difîicoltà e le speranze dell'industria.

La geografia délie vacanze interviene allora in una ultima "parte î per interpretare meglio la geografia del lavoro. La domanda è questa : chi va in ferie e dove. La carta délie vacanze coincide colla carta del reddito pro capite, gli ItaUani rimangono quasi tutti" in Italia, vanno al Nord e il potenziale turistico del Meridione non viene sufficientemente sfruttato.
Carros. Un exemple d'aménagement Volontaire
Authors: Dauphine Andre
Published: June 2011

In the region of Nice, Carros is a good example of concerted «planification». The creation on its territory of an «industrial and départemental area of development» has thoroughly changed this «commune» of Carros. Standing on the slopes and in the Var valley floor, fifteen kilometers from Nice, the old village and its soils have been settled by town people and by a new agriculture orientated towards th e near-by market of Nice (market-gardening, flower-gardening, orchards, greenhouses) . An attempt to make of Carros an industrial and urban center, «satellite» of Nice, is being carried out. The Z.I. D. (industrial development zone) has settled in the Var valley floor owing to dykes which have permitted to get available soils. The new territory thus planned allows some enterprises to settle (building, electrical, furniture enterprises) especially as stores. Another plan is to be carried on later on : the settlement of real industries (telemechanical for instance). On one hand the old village has been thoroughly changed, on the other hand a new town has already been built partly for the workmen and employers of Z.I.D., on a «balcony» overlooking the Var : so, the habitat is extremely changed, and the usual problems connected with «satellite» town may arise : threat of social segregation, failure in the integration to the urban network of Nice.
Les liaisons aériennes de la Corse
Authors: Spill Jean-Michel
Published: June 2011

Corsica is a good example of a mediterranean island whose tourist vocation sets problems to air transport. The seasonal aspect of traffic flows appears very troublesome for the regular companies which carry almost every passenger. To day, increasing chartered flights permit international relations as the corsican network of Air France and Air Inter only leads to continental France. Air transport plays an ever more important part in the tourist development, but it can suffer from insuffi' cient ground organization.
Les chutes de neige sur le littoral méditerranéen du Sud-Est français
Authors: Dauphine Andre
Published: June 2011

In the first part of this article, the author describes the specific characteristics of snowfalls. Variability in time and space are the two principal characteristics, after the paucity of falls that differentiaites this coast from neighbouring reliefs which have much snow. A cold current or a cold drop at high altitude is necessary to detonate the falls. At ground level in spite of th e continental presence of a cold layer, the situations are very varied. Snowfalls of convergence without a front are the most characteristic.
L' érosion différentielle dans la région de Collobrières, massif des Maures - Var
Authors: Martin C.
Published: June 2011

This article consists in a discussion about the agents of differential erosion in metamorphic rocks : minéralogie and chemical composition, primary and acquired porosity. The indications are given by the tenure in Si O2 0/ the waters. Study about the dissection in the central part of the massif des Maures, about the meanders and disy metrical valleys, and about the residual forms of the valley- sides (nodes of rocks and tors).
Les feux de forêts, en région méditerranéenne. Théorie de propagation et moyens de lutte efficaces
Authors: Drouet J. Ch.
Published: June 2011

This study by J.-Ch. DROUET is the summary of his own scientific thesis. He has described the way in which forest fires spread out, the chemical means of fighting against them etc.. .The author suggests a defensive system including both ground arrangements, utilisation of material, tactics and staff organisation. This study and the suggested solutions are the author's own proposals and, as usual, engage but his own responsability.
La pollution des eaux en Provence-Côte d'Azur
Authors: Muckensturm F.
Published: June 2011

Water pollution in Provence and Côte d'Azur.

Although the tight against pollution has not been undertaken since a long time, it is quite possible to calculate, localise and estimate the intensity and nature of pollution in rivers owing to chemical, administrative and juridical datas. Two kinds of pollution are to be distinguished : a «domestic» pollution which is very important down the rivers in the agglomerations and especially along the coast ; an industrial pollution, very spectacular, quite localised and constantly increasing in places where it did not exist before.
Pollution de l'air et climatologie locale dans le secteur F os-Berre
Authors: Perrin R.
Published: June 2011

Analysis of conditions of the diffusion of polluting emissions produced by the increasing growth of industries around Fos-Berre. Great importance of the favourable wind «mistral» which blows away the pollutions towards S.E. and the high sea , but nearly equal importance of the unfavourable south, south east winds, and wind breezes which blow the pollution inland ; the thermic inversions of air sheets, and calms produce the stagnation of polluting gas and play an important part, too.
La plaine d'Argos, répercussions socio-économiques d'une spécialisation agricole
Authors: Hector J.
Published: June 2011

En accélérant l'emprise d'une irrigation individuelle déjà ancienne, aidés par la sollicitation des marchés national et international, appuyés par le soutien financier de la Banque Agricole de Grèce, les paysans ont tait de la huerta d' Argos une campagne hautement spécialisée : agrumes et artichauts. Cette mutation, rare encore en Grèce, semble retarder un exode rural qui atteint durement la plupart des autres campagnes. Dans un pays où le dynamisme des villes moyennes est essentiellement fonction de celui des campagnes qui les entourent, Argos, elle, bénéficie largement de la croissance économique de la plaine.
Un îlot en Egée : Donoussa
Authors: Kolodny Emile
Published: June 2011

This monograph/ constitutes the last chapter of a thesis of Doctorat es lettres : « The population of the Greek Islands, an essay of insular geography about eastern mediterranean area» taken at the University of Aix-Marseille II in June 1973. Of course, Donoussa does not represent in itself the whole insular Greece ; but the latter includes a great deal of tiny islands among which Donoussa is somewhat the quintessence of economical and human problems in an archipelago which life is gradually deserting.
Les Canyons du Durmitor (Monténégro, Yougoslavie)
Authors: Nicod Jean
Published: June 2011

Morphologic and sedimentologic arguments, the study of valley-sides and tluvioglacial deposits still to be seen in the gorges and tributary valleys show that the canyons of Durmitor, and especially those of Tara and Piva were excavated before the last glaciation.
Les bordures de la plaine du Sélé. Etude morphologique
Authors: Baggioni Mireille
Published: June 2011

Di un'altezza superiore ai 1000 metri, i bordi montagnosi délia pia- nura litorale del Sele sono costituiti dalla sovrapposizione di 3 série sedimentarie (la série calcareo-marno-silicea di Lagonegro, la série calcareo dolomitica ed un insieme di Flysch) separate da contatti anormal i di carreggiamenti. L'insieme emerge fin dal «Pontien». Poi il bordo Nord e il bordo Sud si individualizzano. A Sud 1' essenziale dei rilievi è sul posto fin dalla fine del Terziario e i grandi monoclinali, perpendico- lari agli attuali limiti délia Pianura, sono interessati soltanto dagiochi quaternari mi- nori, cià nondimeno sufficienti a creare délie gole d'antecedenza.

A Nord, il principali rilievi, paralleli agli attuali limiti délia Pianura, sono dovuti a movimenti tettonici verticali distensivi, al fine del villatranchiano poi al fine del Riss, che generano degli importanti depositi correlativi. L' idrografia porta il segno di questi movimenti recenti e la mortologia quaternaria vede alternarsi carsismo e so- lifluzione nella formazione di Eboli.
L'agriculture à Zarzis (Localité du Sud tunisien)
Authors: Farge P.
Published: June 2011

Etude d'une région du sud tunisien dont 2 'économie essentiellement agricole est dominée par la monoculture extensive de 1' olivier. Les efforts du gouvernement et le développement du tourisme se conjuguent pour multiplier les éléments d'évolution. De l'antagonisme entre ces facteurs et les données naturelles et sociales dépendra l'avenir économique de la région.
L'insertion de l'aéroport en milieu urbanisé. L'exemple de Marseille-Marignane et de Nice-Côte d'Azur
Authors: Spill Christiane , Spill Jean-Michel
Published: June 2011

Marseilles-Marignane and Nice-Côte d'Azur like every big airport have an important impact on their environment, resulting from an ever increasing traffic. Their insertion in urbanized areas sets to-day three closely connected problems : noise, space and access.
Géomorphologie et prise en compte globale du milieu naturel : point de départ des études d'aménagement en zone rurale (L'exemple de la Sainte-Baume)
Authors: Ferrier Jean-Paul , Jorda M.
Published: June 2011

As Science of space, Geography must bring an operational answer to the problems which are set by the territorial planning and the territory development. Among teams teaching several subjects, Geography not only brings a very useful information but also finds the conditions of an actual unification of these steps which are too often parcelled out into different specialities. As a matter of fact, this article shows how the recourse to geomorphologic methods brings unity and efficiency to the Geography of Development. The area which is investigated within the framework of preliminary studies in order to settle a «SDAU», is a country area in the inner Provence, centred on the massif of a La Ste Baume».
Le relief de la région de Messine (Sicile)
Authors: Hugonié Gérard
Published: June 2011

La région de Messine présente trois types de formes de relief : la crête péloritaine, serre étroite, taillée dans un socle cristallin altéré; des collines avec escarpements à corniches et esquisses de monoclinaux, dans la couverture néogène et calabrienne, séparées par de larges f iumare ; enfin des surfaces planes étagées en trois niveaux : 420, 330 puis 70-120 mètres. Les hauts niveaux sont des surfaces d'abrasion marines du Quaternaire moyen, emboîtées l'une dans l'autre. Les bas niveaux du versant tyrrhénien correspondent au travail de la mer au Quaternaire récent, sur un gradin de faille côtier. Les encoches et replats inférieurs seraient du Quaternaire très récent. La période décisive pour l'élaboration du relief est donc le Quaternaire : soulèvement en bloc important des Péloritains, failles, aplanissements côtiers, reprise d'érosion.
Etude pédoécologique de l'Iran Central
Authors: Alimardani Mahmoud , Aryavand A.
Published: June 2011

In the following note we have been trying to study the central part of Iran. The major part of this country is arid or semiarid and the average annual rainfall decreases to less than 100 mm. Vegetation varies according to climate. The soils of this aera are Solontchaks, Solonetz, Sierozem, saline allucial and colluvial soils, and lithosol soils. Problems to be solved if the soils of central Iran are to be used productively, are salinity and alkalinity of soils, water and wind erosion, indequacy or lack of organic matter.
Essor touristique et comportements sociaux dans le secteur du Mont-Ventoux
Authors: Durbiano Claudine
Published: June 2011

Longtemps ignoré, parce que loin des grandes villes littorales, le secteur du Ventoux connaît un développement touristique rapide depuis 10 ans. La clientèle nationale et internationale est plus importante que la clientèle régionale, contrairement à d'autres régions rurales provençales. La maison de campagne est la forme la plus marquante de l'essor touristique. Elle est responsable du quasi'doublement de l'appropriation citadine du soi en 15 ans et de la plus-value des terrains. Le développement touristique n'a pas été recherché car nous sommes en face d'une société rurale forte, qui occupe densément l'espace agricole et qui a parfois un niveau de vie supérieur à celui du citadin qu'elle accueille. Aussi le touriste a-t-il été contraint de s'installer dans les garrigues et les pinèdes, en marge de l'espace agricole, créant deux marchés fonciers/ qui s'interfèrent peu, à J'usage de deux sociétés différentes. Awdelà des intérêts de queigues uns au développement touristique, lfensemble delà population agricole, au début indifférente, est maintenant intéressé car le tourisme est un des meilleurs facteurs de la promotion des ventes de vin « Côtes du Ventoux ».
La vallée de l'oued Kert de Driouch à la mer (Rif Oriental - Maroc). Formations détritiques et néotectonique
Authors: Barathon Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2011

L'étude des pays du Kert moyen et inférieur montre que d'importants dépôts villafranchiens ont été recoupés par de hauts glacis du Quaternaire ancien. Par la suite se sont élaborés quatre systèmes de terrasses alluviales. Le niveau 2 se raccorde à la plage ouljienne contemporaine d'une ambiance climatique semi- aride. L'abondance de formations plus récentes indique une évolution morphoclimatique post-ouljienne assez complexe.

Ces accumulations détritiques sont souvent déformées et on peut définir trois époques sinon trois styles de mouvements tectoniques dont certains sont particulièrement récents, alors que les plus anciens datent de la fin du Tertiaire.
La moyenne vallée du Serio : étude morphologique
Authors: Chardon Michel
Published: June 2011

Le tracé du Serio dans sa partie alpine est en rapport avec les données de la structure : localisé entre les nappes delà Presolana et du Pizzo Arëra, utilisant des fractures et des compartiments abaissés. La vallée, creusée à la fin du Miocène et au Pliocène, a été remblayée par d'importantes masses de conglomérats villafran- chiens prouvant un climat froid, plusieurs avancées des glaciers (Giïnz) et une permanence de la surrection de la montagne. Trois terrasses (Mindel, Hiss, Vfiïrm) sont nettement individualisées dans la montagne, mais sur le piedmont et dans la plaine, elles sont déformées par la subsidence padane, continue pendant tous le Quaternaire (0.15 mm/ an à Treviglio). Les niveaux anciens (Mindel, Hiss) s'enfouissent sous la plaine dont le niveau fondamental est wurmien vers Bergame et Seriate, post-wurmien dans la basse plaine padane. Le rôle de la tectonique; liée au jeu de la flexure padane, permet seul de comprendre la morphologie de la plaine au débouché du Serio.
Centre-ville et croissance urbaine à Martigues
Authors: Girard Nicole
Published: June 2011

Un phénomène de Centrcville existe à Martigues, malgré la taille modeste de la ville. Le Centre se confond encore nettement avec la vieille ville qui rassemble l'essentiel des activités commerciales et de services. L'étude du Centre montre l'importance de la fonction résidentielle; cependant la population résidente évolue rapt' dement avec l'afflux des travailleurs immigrés.

L'aménagement du Golfe de Fos entraine une croissance urbaine très forte; l'inadaptation du Centre, vétusté et par certains aspects sous 'équipé, oblige à repenser le Centre en fonction de l'évolution de la ville et de ses besoins futurs.
Lumezzane : une ville en quête d'espace
Authors: Mestre Catherine
Published: June 2011

Lumezzane est une petite cité industrielle, située dans les contreforts des Alpes italiennes, au Nord de Brescia. Depuis des siècles, la ville s'est spécialisée dans la métallurgie, la mécanique, la coutellerie, en relation avec les industries de Brescia et de sa région. Foyer d'un artisanat et d'une petite industrie vivaces, elle a su s'adapter aux progrès techniques et reconvertir la gamme de ses productions, mais elle se heurte à des problèmes de structure, au manque d'espace et à la nécessité d'aménager le réseau des voies de communication qui la relie au reste de la province. Elle symbolise par là les diiiicultés de nombreuses vallées de montagnes dont J 'industrie a beaucoup de mal à survivre.
Evolution des températures au Petit Lubéron en 1970-1972
Authors: Bajolle R.
Published: June 2011

The comparison between the temperatures measured in six stations of the Petit Luberon and in Bonnieux during the years 1 970-2971 and 1972-1972 shows that the thermal conditions are more mediterranean on the plateau than on the northern spur. These particular conditions probably determined by the westwind must also affect the northern slope of the Grand Luberon and may possibly explain the apparently sur' prizing localisation of the végétais of the Fagetum on the lower part and on the top of the range.
Les montagnes du Haut Verdon, Etude géomorphologique
Authors: Jorda M.
Published: June 2011

SUMMARY - The upper basin of the River Verdon is characterised by a low linear Fluviatil erosion and a moderate evolution of structural relief, in opposition to the basins of the Var and Bleone rivers. This fact had two essential consequences :

— progressive reduction of the Verdon drainage area downstream St-André (successive captures by neighbouring basins),

- the importance of glacial extension, partly due to high mean altitude of the upper basin.

The main glacial periods (Hiss and Wiirm) affected the region ; both extension have been nearly equivalent.

Vliirmian stages of recession are particulary characterised downstream Colmars. Upper side streams valleys are interesting for the study of the geomorphological evolution during late and post-glacial würm.
Premières observations sur les formes quaternaires et actuelles des montagnes cévenoles
Authors: Mauduy Jacques
Published: June 2011

We are, now, sure of the existence af al least on glacial period. The surface reliefs evolving with cold weather have developped and are going on devello- ping according to severe climate conditions, to mediterranean influence and to litho- logical conditions. Spheres and boulders-important in number — constitute the rock mass of one glacial -rocks period and of block overflows, all of wich cause landslips over arenas tilled up with water. The presence of which arenas explain landslips, solifluxion and gelifluxion phenomena, together with the existence of peats-bogs. The ageing aspect of these mountains originales from the latter. Thus it must be a structural ageing which annihilates the effects of repeated erosion connected with the pasture ground and the neotectonic modifications.
Aperçu sur la végétation des montagnes de la Yougoslavie centrale
Authors: Bui Bertrand
Published: June 2011

In the mountains of central Yugoslavia the mediterranean flora and climate and those of central Europe converge. The mediterranean vegetation is limited to a strip of land along the coast, whereas in the whole interior forests of the lowlands and valleys are of a continental type where oaks predominate. In the mountainous and subalpine vegetation belts the beech forms the largest forests, in some areas mixed with the fir and the Norway spruce. At higher altitudes various species of pines are the final elements of the forest belt. At greater elevations they give way to grasses which often replace destroyed forests.
Le Torcal d'Antequera (Andalousie) : un karst structural retouché par le périglaciaire
Authors: Pezzi Manuel
Published: June 2011

El Torcal de Anteguercr, a pesar de su impresionante belleza, consti- tuye un macizo apenas estudiado desde eipunto de vista moriolégico ; en este articula tratamos de dar una vision sintética de todos sus aspectos, que .son mas extensamen- te estudiados en la tesis doctoral que sobre el karst en las Béticas estamos preparando. Su estructura y tectônica, asi como el estudio de las caracteristicas de la série es- tratigrâiica y su comportamiento morfolâgico, constituyen la infraestructura basica necesaria para adentrarnos en los problemas de las formas kérsticas y de su evolu- cion morfologica. Especial interés nos ha merecido el estudio de los rasgos perigla- ciares del Torcal ; periglaciarismo at que hacemos en parte responsable del tableado rîtmico que caracteriza a este bello macizo karstico.
Les côtes du Cilento, morphogénèse littorale actuelle et héritée
Authors: Baggioni Mireille
Published: June 2011

Les côtes du Cilento, inscrites dans des séries à faciès de Flysch, subissent une attaque rapide qui aboutit au dégagement d'une plate-i orme d'abrasion marine actuelle. L'importance de l'érosion peut ainsi expliquer la disparition des niveaux marins du Quaternaire ancien. Seul subsiste aujourd'hui un niveau du Tyrrhénien II, dont l'encadrement sédimentaire montre la succession de climats frais secs et humides au Witrm. La néotectonique récente est d'ampleur limitée, mais des arguments morphologiques et stratigraphiques étaient l'hypothèse de puissants mouvements verticaux pJio-guaternaires, créateurs du tracé actuel de la côte.
Le raisin de table, élément de l'économie maraîchère et fruitière provençale
Authors: Durbiano Claudine
Published: June 2011

La Provence produit la moitié du raisin français. Le vignoble de table se concentre essentiellement dans le Vaucluse. Mal représenté dans les régions de vignoble de qualité ou de masse, il est traditionnellement associé aux cultures maraîchères et fruitières comtadines. Mais le centre de l'Isle sur Sorgue - Le Thor , longtemps premier producteur, connaît depuis vingt ans un profond déclin dû à l'implantation de nouvelles spéculations plus rentables. Le vignoble s'est alors développé exclusivement sur les coteaux secs du Ventoux et du Lubéron où il a contribué à intensifier le système de culture. Cette progression est stoppée depuis peu. Le raisin de table rencontre de nombreuses difficultés. Comme d'autres productions spécifiquement méditerranéennes, il connaît la rude concurrence italienne.
Viticulture et coopération vinicole dans le Sud-Est méditerranéen, le cas du Var
Authors: de Reparaz André , Bérard Claude
Published: June 2011

The cooperative vineyard from the Var is the biggest vineyard at the east of the Rhône (44 OOO ha). The Var is the fourth department in France for the cooperative production with its 25 000 cooperators producing 2 OOO OOO hi among which about 400 OOO hi are VDQS or VAOC.

A division into average cooperatives and prevailing small ones (av. — 20 000 hi) constituted above all by small winegrowers is a characteristic feature of this old cooperation (it celebrates its seventieth year of existence this very year) which has been able to equip itself with a plant on the whole considerable but too much dispersed. Serious problems about the management and development of these wine cooperatives arise due to their ocupation not only by part time cooperative winegrowers but also by urban people who, needless to say, have no interests incommom with the former ones. Confronted with a more and more powerful and concentrated trade, efforts in associating cooperatives together are not easily attempted. The wine cooperatives, the management of which is difficult, go on playing a protective and still conservative part of small production structures, thus creating among a lot of small winegrowers a mentality of wage workers.
L'évolution récente de l'utilisation des sols montagnards en Sicile Septentrionale
Authors: Hugonié Gérard
Published: June 2011

The Northern range of Sicily shows a double evolution :

— The slow decline of the traditional forms of agricultural land use (slacked in some places by the conquest of new fields) ;

— A recent and fast evolution towards touristic use, in some places near the greatest cities. That evolution accelerates the decline of traditional land use.
Données climatiques et risques d'incendie de forêts en Provence
Authors: Gödde S.
Published: June 2011

Various climatic elements are examined successively in their influence with regard to forest fires : temperature, air humidity, water reserve and wind speed. It appears that the water reserve and the wind speed (Mistral) play the decisive roles. With the help of a multiple regression analysis, which establishes a relation between wind speed, water reserve and the burnt area of the forest a formula for the calculation of forest fire risk is evolved. Finally, winter forest fires are explained as a peculiarity of High Provence, conditioned by frost dessication and the Mistral having the characteristics of the Fohn.
Lambeaux de pelouse et dépôts sablo-limoneux d'altitude sur les hautes surfaces cristallines (plas) des Pyrénées Orientales
Authors: Soutadé G.
Published: June 2011

In the upper parts of the crystalline mountains of the Eastern Pyrenees, from 2200 metres up to 2400 metres, and on the level areas, deposits of fine sand and loess can frequently be seen. These deposits overgrown with thick grass, are often eroded by gelideflation. C. Troll has often called them Raseninseln. The following text will show they have an essentially local origin. Indeed they cover weathered rocks wich have provided these fine elements. They were laid by winds that hardly differ from those of nowadays (Tramontane) at a time when trees and moors were necessarily to be found at a lower altitude (Allerod). Those deposits make it possible to trace part of the history of the variations of the upper limit of the pine- forest through the last ten millenaries.
La Sardaigne en 1975 : programmation réussie ou inégal développement
Authors: Reyne G.
Published: June 2011

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la Sardaigne a connu de profondes transformations, notamment dans le domaine industriel (deux complexes pétrochimiques, des milliers d'emplois nouveaux sont apparus, d' importants équipements portuaires programmés à Cagliari, de nouvelles aires de développement en cours d'aménagement). Mais l'essor démographique demeure limité, et on peut se demander si les nouvelles usines permettront d'atteindre un équilibre économique qui semble, pour l'instant, assez compromis.
Les ponts naturels de Minerve (Hérault).Etude géomorphologique
Authors: Ambert Paul
Published: June 2011

L'étude des ponts naturels de Minerve, dans le cadre de l'évolution de la vallée de la Cesse, montre bien les interférences qui unissent structure, hydrologie et conditions climatiques. L'action prépondérante de la karstification dans la genèse de ces formes interdit de les considérer comme des recoupements de méandres classiques. Ce sont au contraire de véritables percées hydrogéologiques liées à une vallée subaérienne.
Le tourisme dans une haute vallée de montagne : les transformations de Vars
Authors: Barbier Bernard , Durbiano Claudine , Vidal Christiane
Published: June 2011

Station de classe nationale, avec ses 10000 lits et son demi-million de journées-touriste, Vars a été profondément transformée en moins de deux décennies par le tourisme. Si la population est passée de 245 habitants (1962) à 781 (1975), c'est grâce à une forte immigration qui s'est lancée essentiellement dans les activités tertiaires ; Je nouveau «village» des Claux a été le grand bénéficiaire du développement touristique. Mais l'agriculture n'est pas oubliée : si le nombre d'exploitations diminue ; l'élevage reste solide et le tourisme est une activité complémentaire qui Je conforte.
Les transports de marchandises à destination des stations de sports d'hiver des Alpes du Sud
Authors: Leclerc Réjean
Published: June 2011

L'importance de la fréquentation des stations de ski dans les Alpes du Sud fait augmenter périodiquement leur population. Le présent travail étudie les différents moyens de transport qui desservent les centres de sport d'hiver et quelques pro- 'blêmes les concernant.
La participation des populations montagnardes dans le développement des stations de ski (Alpes-du-Sud)
Authors: Muckensturm F.
Published: June 2011

La participation de la population montagnarde dans la croissance des stations de ski dépend de la situation économique, politique et financière locale, et varie selon le type de station. L'intégration la plus complète de cette population ap- paraîî dans les stations plus anciennes et plus traditionnelles , tandis qu'elle est très réduite dans les plus récentes. La population autochtone est employée surtout dans les métiers de la neige, le petit commerce, l'hôtellerie et la construction.
Géographie et télédétection : techniques à la portée de tous
Authors: Pouquet Jean
Published: June 2011

Geography and Remote Sensing : technics within reach of everyone. The optical treatment of remotely detected informations is stressed accordingly to the illustrations used as facts supporting the demonstration. Multispectral photography is shown by figure 1, realized by students of mine (California), using very cheap 35 mm cameras. Figure 3 depicts the same technic but using a multiband radiometer (fig. 3 involves the thermal infrared band). An example of a computer produced grid print map (digitized data) is given with figure 4. Density slicing is underscored with figure 5 derived from the aerial photography of figure 2. Finally, a rather striking example of what can be done in the field of False Color Composite is given by the last illustration worked out from Landsat 1 imageries, FCC obtained using the Dye transfer process.
La géographie des sols vue dans le proche infrarouge : L'exemple d'un terroir encroûté de Pélissanne (Bouches-du-Rhône)
Authors: Nappo Daniel
Published: June 2011

The Earth sciences lind a new dimension with the technics of Remote Sensing. The black and white photography using inira red emulsions (shot through the so called infra red filters, namely Wratten n° 87) allows me to uncover many soil deficiencies, otherwise rather difficult to. The example of a crusted area in the vicinity of Pélissanne (B. du Rh.) demonstrates how, the Infra Red photography can formulate many problems and help for the secure of their solutions. However, selecting the proper solution can be reached only through the classical field work and laboratory analyses, scanning microscope for instance, (Trad. J. POUQUET)
Les grandes étapes de l'individualisation du Bierzo (Léon, Espagne) à partir du néogène
Authors: Delmaire-Bray Marie-Madeleine
Published: June 2011

En las formaciones detriticas de la cuenca del Bierzo se distinguen una parte inferior fina y una parte superior con bancos de conglomerado. Por su semejanza con los depositos de Castilla, se puede atribuir al Vindoboniense Superior la faciès gris, en la parte mas reciente de los depositos finos. Los materiales gruesos de pie de montana de la faciès de Las Médulas cor- responden a la fase tectonica Rodanica, y la ultima faciès, con kaolinita, a la ambiante mas humeda del Plioceno. Se encuentran escarpes de lineas de falla, afectando al material fino, y otros con desnivel de los sedimentos conglomeraticos. A las formas arrasando el zocalo y fosilisadas por los depositos gruesos, sucede una fase cortando el Paleozoico y los sedimentos conglomeraticos.
Données nouvelles sur les granites de Corse : géologie et érosion différentielle
Authors: Grelou-Orsini
Published: June 2011

In the hercynian basement made of overlapping intrusions took place leucocrate granites and ring complexes where fayalite-hastingsite and riebeckite-granite are associated with rhyolite. The geochronological studies give to the basement granodiorite 329 M.A. and 238 M.A. to granites of Tolla-Cauro and Evisa. Structural forms are in the course of disengagement ; superimposed river system cut cupolas border-zone.