bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telaah Atas Konsep Sekolah Pada Buku Laskar Pelangi dan Dunia Tanpa Sekolah
Authors: Mintarti Mintarti
Published: March 2018

This research aims is to know definition and school concept meaning on Laskar Pelangi books and Dunia Tanpa Sekolah and also to know the factors which cand be influences of the background of the differences to give deffinition of the concept above. The method of this study is by using model van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The core of analytical is re-grouping three dymention wacana texs, social cognitive, and social contexs within one analisys. The result of the study shows that there is deffrence in giving meaning on school Pelangi books and Dunia Tanpa Sekolah. On Laskar Pelangi, the meaning of school is the institution give freedom to student to make expression. Otherwise, on Dunia Tanpa Sekolah book is to have jail. The cause of defferences is the deferences of social-economy background. In school, itâ€™s the faact that there is defference between them.Â ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui definisi dan makna konsep sekolah dalam buku Laskar Pelangi (LP) dan Dunia Tanpa Sekolah (DTS) serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi perbedaan cara memaknai konsep itu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis wacana kritis (Critical Discourse Analysis) khususnya model van Dijk. Inti analisisnya menggabungkan tiga dimensi wacana teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial ke dalam satu kesatuan analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pemaknaan konsep â€œsekolahâ€ pada buku LP dan DTS. Dalam LP, sekolah dimaknai sebagai lembaga yang memerdekakan sementara dalam DTS sekolah dimaknai sebagai lembaga yang memenjarakan. Perbedaan cara pandang di antara keduanya disebabkan oleh perbedaan latar belakang sosial budaya pengarangnya. Andrea berasal dari keluarga miskin dalam masyarakat yang sangat tajam stratifikasi sosialnya, sementara Izza anak dari pasangan guru yang relatif mapan status sosial ekonominya. Di sekolah, keduanya menemukan kenyataan yang berbeda. Andrea bertemu dengan guru-guru yang menginspirasi, yaitu guru yang mampu menerjemahkan kurikulum sedemikian rupa sehingga melekat kuat di benak murid serta dapat membangkitkan semangat untuk keluar dari segala kesulitan. Faktor lain yaitu jumlah murid di kelas Andrea yang karena dipaksa oleh keadaan hanya berjumlah sepuluh orang. Kelas kecil ini justru dapat menciptakan interaksi antar murid yang intens, sehingga suasana belajar menjadi lebih menyenangkan. Sebaliknya, sebagai anak guru yang tidak asing dengan dunia sekolah Izza memiliki pengalaman tidak nyaman di tahun-tahun pertamanya masuk sekolah. Selain itu, hobinya membaca termasuk bacaan-bacaan radikal tentang pendidikan yang tersedia di rumahnya, makin membuatnya sangat membenci sekolah.
Impelementasi Pendekatan Pembelajaran Problem Posingdan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Kadir Kadir
Published: March 2018

The objective of the present study is to find out the effect of implementation of problem posing approach on the studentsâ€™learning outcome in mathematics. The study was conducted in MTsN 22 Kampus B Munjul Jakarta Timur at academic year 2005/2006. There were 7th grade students as the sample of the study, selected through cluster random sampling. The data were gathered by using a test. Data analysis was done by using t -test. The results of the study have revealed that problem posing approach effected the studentsâ€™ learning outcome in mathematics. Learning in mathematics by problem posing approach can make the students be active and creative, it was shown at competences of the students to develop mathâ€™s problem themselves, manage, and to explore the information for posing the mathematicsâ€™ problem that is solvable. Through instructional by problem posing approach can also improve the studentsâ€™ activity in teaching and learning, especially interacting and sharing ideas on both the students each other and the teacher, so learning activity is becoming meaningful the studentsâ€™ mastery of the concept.Â ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem posingterhadap hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian dilakukan di MTs Negeri 22 Kampus B Munjul Jakarta Timur Tahun Pelajaran 2005/2006 dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 90 siswa kelas VII yang dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik uji-t. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan pendekatan problem posingberpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan problem posing mampu membuat siswa aktif dan kreatif, terlihat dari kemampuan siswa mengembangkan masalah matematika sendiri, mengolah dan mengeksplorasi informasi yang ada dan mengajukan masalah matematika yang dapat diselesaikan. Melalui pembelajaran dengan pendekatan problem posing juga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, khususnya dalam berinteraksi dan sharing ideadiantara siswa dan guru sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran lebih bermakna dan pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep menjadi lebih baik.
Pengembangan Model Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah yang Efektif
Authors: Mane Mbeu La Ode , Anwar Anawar
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study are: 1). To find an appropriate model of principal leadership conducting a pilot in public junior high schools in Konda sub-District; 2). To find out the description of the NEM paradigm of principal leadership concept; which include entrepreneurship skill, good role model, capable and democratic in implementing the leadership skill as a principal. The result of this study describes; 1). The model of principal leadership skill besed on the public junior high school in Konda, which include entrepreneur skill, good role model, capable and democratic, and 2) the description of the result of the head master leadership skill including; a) entrepreneur skill is moderate; b) good role model is moderate; c) capability is effective; d) democracy is very effective.Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) untuk mendapatkan sebuah model kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif sesuai dengan kondisi SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Konda dan 2) untuk mendapatkan gambaran keefektifan pilar entrepreneur, teladan, cerdas dan demokratis dalam implementasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah efektif di SMP Negeri Kecamatan Konda. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa: 1) model kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif sesuai dengan kondisi di SMP Negeri se-Kecamatan Konda adalah kepemimpinan entrepreneur, teladan, cerdas dan demokratis (ENTELCERDS) dan 2) efektivitas implementasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah efektif di SMP Negeri se-Kecamatan Konda terkait dengan: (a) Entrepreneur secara rerata berkualifikasi cukup efektif, (b) Keteladanan secara rerata berkualifikasi cukup efektif; (c) kecerdasan secara rerata berkualifikasi efektif, dan (d) demokratis secara rerata berkualifikasi sangat efektif.
Facial Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole/zinc oxide (ZnO) Nanorode and Flower-like Shape Composites
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Sang
Published: March 2018

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites reinforced with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod and nano flower were fabricated by chemical oxidative polymerization method using an ammonium per-sulphate (APS, (NH4)2S2O8) as an oxidizing agent. The polymer nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results were compared with pure as-prepared PPy. The SEM images of the nanocomposites show homogeneous dispersion characteristics and different morphologies of ZnO structures such as rod and flower-like shapes.  In the FTIR spectra, composite samples showed characteristic peaks of PPy shifted to higher positions confirmed the interfacial interactions between ZnO and PPy matrix.
KOMPETENSI MORAL DAN INTENSI WHISTLEBLOWING
Authors: Yanti Harti Budi , Hasnawati Hasnawati , Astuti Christina Dwi , Kuncara Haryo
Published: March 2018

This study examines the effect of age, gender and moral competence on whistleblowing intentions. Most of the respondents had a medium moral competence score. The older women group proved to be higher in moral competence scores than men of the same age. Age and gender do not affect whistle blowing intentions. However, moral competence strengthens the influence of age and gender on whistle blowing intentions. The results of this test provide support for human resource development practitioners to start paying attention to moral competence in addition to technical competence as the basis of consideration of recruitment, promotion and layoffs.
TREND AND TRADEOFF BETWEEN ACCRUAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Azizah Widyaningsih
Published: March 2018

This research was carried out to test trend of earnings management in Indonesia. By understanding the trend of earnings management, it can be found out what scheme of earnings management practice in Indonesia. The sample used were 31 (thirty one) non financial, hotel, travel, transportation and real estate companies that listed in Indonesia Stocks Exchange from 1991 to 2014. The time of observation was from 1993 to 2013. Research model was using multiple regression method. The result showed there was no trend increasing of accrual earnings management during research period. Practice of accrual earnings management in Indonesia that tends fluctuate shows there is a tradeoff or substitution of earnings management technique from accrual to real earnings management.
Low cost pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste by white rot fungi for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: B Thamilmaraiselvi , PF Steffi , N Sathammaipriya , K Sangeetha
Published: March 2018

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast. It has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. The present study was performed to produce lignin degrading enzymes to degrade lignocellulosic substrates and to produce ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae by performing FTIR method. The yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated and screened for the production of lignolytic enzymes. Then it was pretreated to produce lignocellulosic substrates. Lignocellulosic materials are considered the most abundant renewable resource available for the production of ethanol by FTIR method. The present study concluded the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production in future.

Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Lignocellulosic; Ethanol; FTIR
Evaluation of antioxidant and Anthelmintic activity of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Authors: M Vijaya Jyothi , E Bhargav , K Pavan Kumar , K Praneeth Gowd , S Ram Pavan
Published: March 2018

Nyctanthes arbour-tristis is a shrub belongs to the family Oleaceae. The flowers of this plant are fragrant since the presence of flavonol glycosides. It has also been reported for the presence of β-sitosterol, iridoid glycosides, tannins etc., and known to have immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiviral and antifungal activities. In the present study an attempt is made to identify antioxidant capacity and anthelminthic potential of methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbour-tristis. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by total phenolic content assay, total flavonoids content assay, free radical scavenging activity and reducing ability methods. Anthelmintic activity was evaluated on Perithima posthuma using Piperazine citrate as standard drug. The results obtained for the above activities reveals that Nyctanthes arbour-tristis shows considerable antioxidant activity for all the methods and anthelminthic potential at 300 mg/ml.

Keywords: arbour-tristis; antioxidant activity; anthelminthic activity; Perithima posthuma; Piperazine citrate.
Various chemical groups produced by endophytic fungi isolated from the Calotropis procera- A pharmaceutically important xerophytic plant
Authors: I Vinibha Rajakumari , Rajagopal Kalyanaraman , V Sriraman , V Vanitha , S Mohanasundaram
Published: March 2018

In the present study leaf tissue of host plant Calotropis procera was screened for the presence of endophytic fungi. The crude extract of the isolated endophytic fungi was tested for various chemical groups like alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenoids and phenols. Our study showed the presence of 25 endophytic fungi isolated from the leaf tissue which constituted15 Hyphomycetes, 3 Ascomycetes, 3 Coelomycetes and 4 sterile forms. The qualitative analysis in all the 25 isolates showed the presence of alkaloid, phenol in 23 fungi, flavonoid in 19 and diterpenoids in 18 fungi. Fifteen endophytic fungi produced all chemical groups tested in the crude extract. Bipolaris sp a hyphomycete produced only one compound in culture. Among the four groups endophytic fungi Coelomycetes group able to produce all chemical groups tested.

Keywords: Endophytic fungi; Alkaloid; Flavonoid; Diterpenoids
Evaluation of antigenotoxic effects of diosgenin in mice exposed to cyclophosphamide
Authors: G Hema , D Subbarao , BS Thippeswamy
Published: March 2018

Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin found in a variety of plants including fenugreek and roots of wild yam and is widely used in traditional medicine systems. Diosgenin is shown to have anti-invasive, anti-proliferative and proapoptotic activities on wide range of cancer cells and a well known precursor of various synthetic steroidal drugs that are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry. The present investigation explores the genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties of diosgenin in experimental mice exposed to cyclophosphamide. CP increases the formation of micronucleated PCEs in the bone marrow of mice significantly and lowers the total WBC. In mice pre-treated with diosgenin, the formation of mnPCEs is lowered in a dose dependent manner and the immune parameters are restored. Diosgenin also reduces the lipid per oxidation levels indicated by MDA assessment and restores the antioxidant GSH in the liver tissues of the mice, counteracting the effects of CP. In our study, Diosgenin did not exhibit inherent genotoxic properties nor had a synergistic effect with CP. These results indicate the potential of diosgenin as an antigenotoxic agent with a possibility to be used as an adjuvant, to counteract the side-effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. 

Keywords: Antigenotoxicity; Cyclophosphamide; Diosgenin; Micronucleated PCEs; WBC; Lipid peroxidation; Reduced glutathione
Influence of macerating enzyme - Cellulase on the extraction of valuable compounds: Carotenoid and Camptothecin
Authors: Natarajan Sujatha , Yadav Sangilimuthu Alagar , Manoharan Sowmya Priya
Published: March 2018

Macerating enzymes breaks long chain compounds during maceration for extraction of industrially important phytomolecules. Cellulase is an important class of enzyme which helps in the extraction process of phytomolecules such as carotenoids, camptothecin from their natural sources as macerating enzyme. The extraction of phytoconstituents like carotenoids, camptothecin holds high commercial value. The uses of macerating enzymes help to the extraction process of phytomolecules and increase its yield. Quality of the product is also improved in terms of stability, texture and viscosity. Camptothecin is an important drug with potential anti-cancer activity. In this work, the effect of cellulase on the extraction of carotenoid from carrot, tomato and sweet potato have been studied. As a pioneer work, the production of camptothecin from endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger has been carried out using cellulase. The quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical important phytomolecules such as carotenoids and camptothecin were performed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, HPLC with respective standard compounds. Carotenoid extraction was made from tomato, carrot and sweet potato with cellulose enzyme found 2.5±0.25µg/g, 2.2 ±0.18µg/g, 18± 1.75 µg/g respectively. Carotenoid extracted from carrot using enzyme yielded 1.47 times higher amount of carotenoid than that of without enzyme. Carotenoid extracted from tomato, showed the maximum difference of being 7.3 times higher with enzyme than without enzyme. The another industrially important phytomolecule camptothecin extraction was made from Aspergillus niger with cellulase enzyme yielded 0.5512 mg/g which is more than the camptothecin, extracted without enzyme (0.175 mg/g). Thus, it was observed that the use of cellulase enhanced the yield of both carotenoid and camptothecin from natural sources such as plants and fungi.

Keywords: Camptothecin; Carotenoid; Cellulase enzyme; Extraction; HPLC
COMPETITIVENESS OF EXPORT WOOD PRODUCTS IN BINH DINH PROVINCE IN THE MARKET INTEGRATION
Authors: Bửu Lê Thị Thế , Sơn Trịnh Văn
Published: March 2018

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the competitiveness of export wood products in Binh Dinh province through the DRC/ SER index. Four pieces of indoor furniture and four pieces of outdoor furniture were selected for the study. The DRC/ SER indices of the products are in the range of 0.76–0.84. Meanwhile, indoor furniture is more competitive in the international market.

Keywords: competitiveness, DRC, Binh Dinh province, wood products, export
HIỆU QUẢ KINH TẾ SẢN XUẤT SẮN Ở HUYỆN BỐ TRẠCH, TỈNH QUẢNG BÌNH
Authors: Đăng Huy Trần , Quân Trương Tấn
Published: March 2018

Tóm tắt: Hiệu quả kinh tế sản xuất sắn ở huyện Bố Trạch, tỉnh Quảng Bình được nghiên cứu thông qua khảo sát 200 hộ trồng sắn trên địa bàn 2 xã Phú Định và Cự Nẫm – huyện Bố Trạch. Sử dụng phân tích hồi quy đa biến để đánh giá mức độ ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố gồm diện tích trồng sắn, chi phí trung gian, giá trị trang thiết bị, số công lao động đến năng suất sắn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy công lao động bình quân/sào có ảnh hưởng lớn nhất, tiếp theo là diện tích đất trồng sắn, còn mức ảnh hưởng của giá trị thiết bị là không đáng kể đến năng suất sắn. Kết quả và hiệu quả kinh tế sản xuất sắn là khá cao: bình quân hộ nông dân thu được 16,5 triệu đồng/sào thu nhập hỗn hợp (GO) và 3,7 triệu đồng/sào giá trị gia tăng (VA). Mặc dù còn nhiều khó khăn, nhưng nhìn chung, hoạt động sản xuất sắn ở huyện Bố Trạch, tỉnh Quảng Bình thời gian qua phát triển khá tốt, tạo công ăn việc làm, tăng thu nhập và cải thiện mức sống cho người dân, góp phần xóa đói giảm nghèo ở địa phương.

Từ khóa: hiệu quả kinh tế, sản xuất sắn, Bố Trạch, Quảng Bình
Pengaruh Paclobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman Sanseviera (Sanseviera trifasciata Laurentii)
Authors: Ardigusa Yafqori , Sukma Dewi
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe  objective  of  the  research  was  to  evaluate  the  effect  of paclobutrazol on  Sansevieriagrowth  and  development.  This  research  was  carried  out  at Cikabayan  green  house,  IPB  from February  -  July  2010.  The  study consisted  of  two  factors,  i.e.,  the  size  of planting  material and paclobutrazol concentration. The size of  planting material were sucker length  < 65  cm and ≥  65 cmand paclobutrazol concentration consisted of 0, 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm. There were 8 treatments in Completely Randomized Design  with  there  replications.  Each  experimental unit was one sucker.The result of the experiment showed that size of planting material affected plant height significantly.The  highest  concentration  of  paclobutrazol  decreased plant  height  significantly  about  19.4% compared to  control. The interaction between size of plant and paclobutrazol only had significant effect on plant height.Keywords : Sanseviera, plant size, Paclobutrazol, growth, development ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Sanseviera. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Juli 2010 di rumah  kaca  Cikabayan,  IPB. Rancangan  percobaan  menggunakan  dua  faktor,  faktor  pertama adalah ukuran bahan  tanam  terdiri  atas  bahan  tanam  (anakan)  yang  memiliki tinggi <65cm  dan ≥65cm  dan  konsentrasi paclobutazol, terdiri  atas  0, 62.5, 125, dan 250 ppm.  Terdapat  8 kombinasi perlakuan  dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan  tiga ulangan. Setiap satuan percobaan ialah  satu bahan tanam (anakan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran bahan tanam berpengaruh nyataterhadap  tinggi  tanaman.  Konsentrasi  paclobutrazol  250 ppm  menghambat  pertumbuhan  tinggitanaman  sangat  nyata  sebesar 19.4% dibanding  kontrol.  Interaksi  antara  ukuran  bahan  tanam  dan paclobutrazol hanya berpengaruh nyata pada peubah tinggi tanaman.Kata kunci : Sanseviera, ukuran tanaman, paclobutrazol, pertumbuhan, perkembangan
Pendugaan Parameter Genetik Vigor untuk Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Menggunakan Analisis Setengah Dialel
Authors: Ekowahyuni Luluk Prihastuti , Syukur M. , Sutjahjo Surjono H. , Suhartanto M. R.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to estimate the narrow sense heritability (h2ns), broad sense heritability (h2bs), heterosis, and heterobioltiosis, coefficient of genetic variances, coefficient of phenotypic variances, additive and dominant variances. Pepper population used in this study consisted of IPB C2, IPB C9, IPB C10, IPB C15 and half diallel hybrid. To estimate the effect of reciprocal IPB C10 x IPB C2 hybrid was used. Accelerated aging method was used to test the vigor using methanol 20% in five periods of time 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. Observations consisted of: (1) germination rate, (2) the length of radicle, (3) the length of hypocotile, (4) dry weight of normal seedlings, (5) speed of growth, (6) electrical conductivity and (7) moisture content. Genetic parameters were estimated using affinity analysis. Reciprocal effect indicated that there was no maternal effect. Parents with high combining ability was IPB C15 and that with high specific combining ability was IPB C2 x IPB C5 and gave positive heterosis.Key words: pepper, genetic coefficient, heterosis, seed vigor, specific combining ability ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menduga nilai parameter genetik untuk viabilitas dan vigor benih cabai menggunakan metode persilangan setengah dialel untuk mendapatkan informasi nilaiheritabilitas, heterosis, koefisien keragaman genetik, varians aditif dan dominan, sehingga diharapkan dapat mendukung keberhasilan program pemuliaan yang mengkombinasikan karakter tanaman dengan viabilitas dan vigor benih yang baik. Empat genotipe tetua cabai yang digunakan adalah IPB C2, IPB C9, IPB C10, IPB C15, dan enam genotipe cabai hasil persilangan antar tetua adalah IPB C2 x IPB C9, IPB C2 x IPB C10, IPB C2 x IPB C15, IPB C9 x IPB C10, IPB C9 x IPB C15, IPB C10 x IPB C15. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT). Pengamatan untuk pengujian vigor dan viabilitas dilakukan pada genotipe tetua dan persilangan dengan tolok ukur yaitu (1) daya berkecambah (2) panjang akar, (3) panjang hipokotil, (4) bobot kering kecambah (5) kadar air benih, (6) kecepatan tumbuh (Kct), dan (7) daya hantar listrik (DHL). Pengujian vigor daya simpan benih cabai pada genotipe tetua dan persilangan menggunakan metode pengusangan cepat methanol 20%. Setelah pengujian vigor daya simpan benih dilakukan analisis varian dan analisis regressi dan analisis statistik biometrik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa genotipe cabai IPB C15 mempunyai nilai daya gabung umum yang tinggi untuk vigor daya simpan benih sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai tetua untuk perakitan varietas F1 hibrida vigor daya simpan benih tinggi. Kombinasi persilangan tetua IPB C2 x IPB C15 menghasilkan benih yang memiliki vigor daya simpan benih tinggi.Kata kunci : cabai, daya gabung khusus, heterosis, koefisien genetik, vigor benih
Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Bodies Anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera (JJ. Smith) secara In Vitro
Authors: Cahyo Fitro Adi , Dinarti Diny
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on protocorm like bodies (PLBs) Dendrobium lasianthera and Lethal dose (LD) 30 and 50 of gamma irradiation. The irradiation was conducted at the Center of Technology Application of Isotops and Radiation, Nuclear Energy Agency (PATIR-BATAN) and culture at Tissue Culture Laboratory of IPB from February 2014 to July 2014. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor of gamma irradiation doses, include i,g. 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 40 Gy, 60 Gy, 80 Gy, and 100 Gy. Each dose of gamma irradiation treatment was repeated 5 times. There were 30 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of five culture bottles containing 4 individually planted PLBs Dendrobium lasianthera. The results of this research showed that the increasing doses of gamma irradiation significantly decreased the percentage of alive PLBs, PLBs germination percentage, number of leaves, number of roots, the percentage of rooted PLBs. Morphological changes among other wider and spiral leaves were observed in the treated plantlets. Lethal dose 30% (LD30) was at 19.7697 Gy and LD50 was at 67.3504 Gy.Keywords: Dendrobium lasianthera, gamma irradiation, in vitro, Lethal dose (LD), mutation ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap pertumbuhan protocorm like bodies (PLBs) anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera serta menentukan Lethal dose (LD) 30 dan 50 dari iradiasi sinar gamma. Proses iradiasi dilakukan di Pusat Aplikasi Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi, Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (PATIR-BATAN) Proses kultur dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan IPB. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari 2014 hingga Juli 2014. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu dosis iradiasi gamma meliputi 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 40 Gy, 60 Gy, 80 Gy, dan 100 Gy. Setiap dosis perlakuan iradiasi gamma diulang 5 kali, seluruhnya terdapat 30 satuan percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas lima botol kultur yang masing-masing ditanam 4 PLBs anggrek Dendrobium lasianthera. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis iradiasi gamma nyata menurunkan persentase hidup PLBs, persentase PLBs berkecambah, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, dan persentase PLBs berakar. Perubahan planlet in vitro yang teramati antara lain daun melebar dan daun spiral. LD30 berada pada 19.7697 Gy dan LD50 pada 67.3504 Gy.Kata kunci: Dendrobium lasianthera, in vitro, iradiasi gamma, Lethal dose (LD), mutasi
Deteksi Squash mosaic virus pada Lima Varietas Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Rosminim Purba Erika , Mugi Lestari Susanti , Nurhaelena Yudia , Hendrastuti Hidayat Sri
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTSquash mosaic virus (SqMV) is a seed-borne pathogen which infect many Cucurbitaceae crops.  Infection of SqMV has been reported from several vegetable growing areas in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to determine the percentage of seed-borne SqMV on five cucumber varieties i.e. ‘Jupiter’, ‘Venus’, ‘Japan File’, ‘Vario’, and ‘Calista’ and the effect of SqMV infection on mosaic disease development. Five cucumber varieties were mechanically inoculated with SqMV, followed by observation on symptom development, incubation period, and disease incidence. Seed-borne virus was detected by Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA) and indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods following growing-on test. The plants showed varied symptoms including green mosaic, green-yellow mosaic, vein clearing, and fruit malformation. Disease severity and virus titer showed general trend, i.e. low during inflorescence period and increasing on fruiting period; with the exception on ‘Japan File’ which showed decreasing of disease severity since generative phase. All commercial seeds (F1) tested evidently infected by SqMV with high incidence (100%), whereas infection of SqMV on F2 seeds of ‘Venus’ reached 60.87%.Keywords: DIBA, disease incidence, ELISA, seed transmission, virus titer  ABSTRAK Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) adalah patogen terbawa benih yang banyak menginfeksi tanaman Cucurbitaceae, dan keberadaannya di Indonesia sudah meluas. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui persentase SqMV terbawa benih pada lima varietas mentimun yaitu ‘Yupiter’, ‘Venus’, ‘Japan File’, ‘Vario’, dan ‘Calista’ dan mengetahui pengaruh infeksi SqMV terhadap perkembangan penyakit mosaik. Lima varietas mentimun diinokulasi dengan SqMV secara mekanis kemudian diamati gejala yang muncul, periode inkubasi, dan insidensi penyakit. Pengujian virus terbawa benih dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan benih, selanjutnya deteksi virus dilakukan menggunakan metode Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA) dan indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tanaman mentimun menunjukkan gejala infeksi SqMV yang bervariasi yaitu mosaik hijau, mosaik kuning hijau, pemucatan tulang daun, dan malformasi pada buah. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit dan titer virus menunjukkan pola perkembangan penyakit mosaik yaitu menurun pada fase berbunga dan meningkat lagi pada fase berbuah, kecuali varietas Japan File memberikan respons yang berbeda karena penurunan keparahan penyakit berlanjut sejak fase generatif. Benih komersial (F1) yang banyak digunakan petani terbukti membawa SqMV dengan infeksi mencapai 100% dan tanaman varietas ‘Venus’ yang terinfeksi SqMV menghasilkan benih keturunan (F2) yang membawa SqMV dengan efisiensi mencapai 60.87%.Kata kunci: DIBA, ELISA, insidensi penyakit, titer virus, tular benih
Efektivitas Inokulasi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA) terhadap Produksi Bawang Merah dengan Teknik Pengairan Berbeda
Authors: Saleh Ismail , Setya Wahyu Atmaja Ida
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on shallot yield with three techniques of irrigation. This research was conducted at Gagasari Village, Cirebon from May to August 2016. This research was arranged in split plot design with two factors. Irrigation technique as main plot consisted of three levels i.e. without water logging, intermittent, and using water logging. Rates of AMF as sub plot consisted of three levels i.e., 0, 10, and 15 g per plant. The result showed that rates of AMF affected water content of plant. The rates 15 g per plant of AMF gave the highest of water content of plant (65%). Furthermore, the highest of biomass was resulted by water logging treatment. Phosphorus content of plant was not affected by AMF inoculation.  Inoculation of AMF increased shallot bulb weight per plant when it was combined to intermittent and water logging treatment. Based on regression test to AMF rates at water logging treatment, the optimum rates to increase weight of shallot bulb was 6.71 g AMF per plant. That rates potentially gave 23.53 g per plant of shallot bulb.Keywords: intermittent, phosphorus content, water content, water logging   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari inokulasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) terhadap produksi bawang merah dengan tiga teknik pengairan yang berbeda. Hifa CMA dapat membantu proses penyerapan air dan unsur hara pada tanaman terutama fosfor (P). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Gagasari, Kabupaten Cirebon dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2016. Terdapat dua faktor perlakuan yang disusun dengan rancangan split plot. Petak utama adalah teknik pengairan yang terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu selalu tergenang, intermittent, dan tidak tergenang. Anak petak adalah dosis CMA yang terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu tanpa CMA, 10 g per tanaman, dan 15 g per tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dosis CMA terhadap kadar air tanaman. Kadar air tanaman tertinggi (65%) diperoleh dari pemberian dosis 15 g per tanaman. Serapan P tanaman tidak dipengaruhi oleh penambahan CMA. Bobot kering tanaman tertinggi (20.23 g per tanaman) diperoleh dari perlakuan teknik pengairan dengan penggenangan. Inokulasi CMA efektif meningkatkan bobot umbi per tanaman pada teknik pengairan intermittent dan selalu tergenang. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi terhadap dosis CMA pada kondisi selalu tergenang, dosis optimum untuk meningkatkan bobot umbi per tanaman yaitu 6.71 g CMA per tanaman. Dari dosis tersebut diperoleh potensi bobot umbi per tanaman 23.53 g per tanaman.Kata kunci: intermittent, kadar air, penggenangan, serapan P
Metodologia de Coleta Semi-Automática de Dados em Mamógrafia Digital e Análises Críticas para um Programa de Garantia de Qualidade
Authors: Francisco Scolastici Éric , Souza Melo Camila , Tomal Alessandra
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a metodologia aplicada na coleta periódica de dados de um mamógrafo digital dedicado a pacientes oncológicos. A utilização de ferramentas na extração de dados das imagens DICOM possibilita o acompanhamento e análises da qualidade do serviço. Através da aquisição de parâmetros, pré-determinados pelo fabricante do equipamento, é possível a criação de um banco de dados para o gerenciamento e a constante monitoria de indicadores dinâmicos. Dados retrospectivos foram coletados no período de abril de 2015 a março de 2016, com 20850 imagens, adquiridas para 3796 pacientes e durante 4220 procedimentos. Parâmetros apresentados, como a: temperatura do detector, as técnicas radiográficas, dose e a idade do paciente, entre outros, podem ser correlacionados com o desempenho do sistema.
Proposta de Redução de Doses em Pacientes Submetidas à Biópsia Estereotáxica de Mama
Authors: De Oliveira Caio Vinicius , Cabete Henrique Viccari , Rodrigues Alves Fátima Faloppa , Elias Simone , Pires Silvio Ricardo , Medeiros Regina Bitelli , De Freitas Marcelo Baptista
Published: March 2018

Biópsia estereotáxica em lesões mamárias é um procedimento clínico minimamente invasivo utilizado para avaliação de lesões suspeitas, onde se realiza um maior número de imagens comparado à mamografia diagnóstica. Os níveis de referência de dose glandular média (DGM), associados aos critérios de qualidade de imagem são importantes indicadores que podem ser utilizados como estratégia para redução das doses. Ao longo de um período de 23 meses foram coletados dados de técnicas radiográficas, espessuras das mamas e número de imagens geradas na biópsia de pacientes assistidas em uma clínica dedicada à patologias mamárias. A partir destas informações e dos dados de rendimento do equipamento foi possível estimar a DGM e o kerma-ar na entrada da pele (KEP) de cada paciente. Visando a adequação das doses aos valores sugeridos nas referências internacionais, novos protocolos de exposição foram propostos e posteriormente avaliados com relação à qualidade das imagens. A análise do simulador CIRS demonstrou que a qualidade da imagem foi preservada com os novos protocolos de exposição propostos, mas com uma redução de aproximadamente 45% nos valores de dose anteriormente praticados.
Avaliação da repetibilidade de parâmetros dosimétricos do feixe de um acelerador linear
Authors: Morelli Humberto Antonio Soares , De Oliveira Harley Fransisco , Silva Maelson Do Nascimento , Pavoni Juliana Fernandes
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma avaliação da repetibilidade da simetria e planura do feixe de fótons de 6 MV do acelerador linear Oncor Impression, da marca Siemens do Serviço de Radioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto – USP. Ao total foram colhidas 102 medidas, com periodicidade semanal, através de detector bidimensional de câmaras de ionização, MatriXX Evolution, da IBA Dosimetry, conectado a um computador com o software OmniProI’mrt. O isocentro do acelerador linear foi colocado no centro do volume sensível do detector, com placas de água sólida acima e abaixo do mesmo. Os dados foram colhidos com 100 UM, com tamanho de campo 10x10 cm². Os valores de planura e simetria foram calculados pelo software do arranjo utilizado. A primeira medida desse trabalho foi usada como referência, sendo as demais colhidas comparadas com ela, levando em consideração os valores de variações permissíveis para tais parâmetros. Foram analisados os valores os mínimos, máximos e médios. A literatura indica que os valores de planura e simetria não devem variar em mais de 2 e 3%, respectivamente. Os resultados desse trabalho mostram que os valores desses parâmetros para o acelerador linear em estudo estão dentro das variações permissíveis nos protocolos, estando, portanto, hábeis para o uso clínico adequado.
Determinação dos Coeficientes de Conversão Médios entre Kerma no Ar e H*(10) usando Feixes de Raios X Primários, Secundários e Transmitidos na Faixa de Energia da Radiologia Diagnóstica
Authors: Lopez Gonzales Alejandro Heyner , Cerqueira Santos Josilene , Costa Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2018

A regulamentação brasileira adota o valor 1,14 Sv/Gy como coeficiente para converter o kerma no ar na grandeza operacional equivalente de dose ambiente, H*(10), desconsiderando a sua dependência com a qualidade do feixe de raios X. No presente estudo foram calculados coeficientes de conversão médios, a partir de feixes experimentais de raios X primários, secundários e transmitidos através de placas de argamassa baritada comumente utilizadas em blindagens de instalações radiográficas, a fim de se obter uma estimação mais realista de valores de H*(10). A ponderação dos coeficientes de conversão correspondentes a feixes monoenergéticos com a distribuição de energia do espectro em termos de kerma no ar foi usado para calcular os coeficientes de conversão médios. A diferença máxima entre os coeficientes de conversão obtidos e o valor constante recomendado na regulação nacional é de 53,4%. A conclusão, com base nestes resultados, é que um coeficiente de conversão constante não é adequado para derivar a grandeza H*(10).
Reconstrução de Espectros de Raios X de Aceleradores Lineares Clínicos usando o Método de Recozimento Simulado Generalizado
Authors: Manrique John Peter Oyardo , Da Costa Alessandro Martins
Published: March 2018

A distribuição espectral de raios X de megavoltagem utilizados em departamentos de radioterapia é uma grandeza fundamental a partir da qual, em princípio, todas as informações requeridas relevantes para tratamentos de radioterapia podem ser determinadas. Para o calculo das doses administradas ao paciente que faz radioterapia se usam sistemas de planejamento de tratamento (TPS, do inglês Treatment Planning System), que fazem uso de algoritmos de convolução e superposição os quais requerem um conhecimento prévio do espectro de fluência de fótons para realizar o cálculo acurado das doses tridimensionais e assim assegurar uma melhor probabilidade de controle tumoral mantendo baixa a probabilidade de complicações do tecido normal. Neste trabalho foi obtido o espectro de fluência de fótons de raios X de um acelerador linear clínico SIEMENS ONCOR de 6 MV, usando um método de caráter inverso para a reconstrução dos espectros, a partir das curvas de transmissão de fótons medidas para diferentes espessuras de alumínio; o método usado para a reconstrução dos espectros é uma técnica estocástica conhecida como recozimento simulado generalizado (GSA, do inglês Generalized Simulated Annealing), baseado no trabalho da estatística de quase equilíbrio de Tsallis.  Para a validação dos espectros reconstruídos foram calculadas as curvas de porcentagem de dose em profundidade (PDD, do inglês Percentage Depth Dose) para a energia de 6 MV do acelerador, usando simulação Monte Carlo com o código PENELOPE, e a partir da PDD se fez o cálculo o índice de qualidade do feixe TPR20/10.
Comparação entre diferentes métodos de obtenção da razão sinal-ruído em imagens por ressonância magnética
Authors: Bandeira Briane , Villa Real Jéssica , Froner Ana Paula , Papaléo Ricardo Meurer , Marques da Silva Ana Maria
Published: March 2018

A literatura relata diferentes métodos para quantificar a razão-sinal-ruído ou SNR (do inglês Signal-to-Noise-Ratio) em imagens por ressonância magnética, de acordo com a bobina de radiofrequência utilizada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a avaliação de dois métodos de medida da SNR baseadas na publicação da NEMA, variando-se a largura de banda de recepção (Bwr) para uma sequência Spin Eco convencional. O método 1, denominado subtração das imagens, resultou em uma curva cujo valor do parâmetro de interesse foi de (-0,49 ± 0,01) com R2 igual a 0,99664. O método 2, denominado ruído do fundo, resultou em um valor de (-0,50 ± 0,01) com R2 igual a 0,99581. Ambos os métodos se mostraram satisfatórios para a obtenção da SNR, não apresentando diferenças significativas com relação aos resultados.
Análise dos Testes Diários de Controle de Qualidade de um Tomógrafo Simulador
Authors: Vasques Maíra Milanelo , Dos Santos Gabriela Reis , Furnari Laura
Published: March 2018

Com a crescente evolução tecnológica, práticas radioterápicas que minimizam as complicações dos tecidos normais e permitem um melhor envolvimento do tumor com a dose terapêutica, têm se tornado realidade em diversos serviços de Radioterapia. O emprego de tais recursos por sua vez, só foi possível devido aos progressos alcançados nos planejamentos baseados em imagens volumétricas digitais de boa qualidade, como as da tomografia computadorizada (TC), que permitem a correta delimitação dos volumes. Testes específicos de controle de qualidade em um tomógrafo utilizado na radioterapia, denominado tomógrafo simulador, devem ser aplicados como parte do Programa de Garantia da Qualidade institucional. Esse estudo apresenta a metodologia utilizada no Instituto de Radiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) para os testes diários do tomógrafo simulador e os resultados obtidos ao longo de mais de dois anos de coleta. A experiência obtida no período realizado mostrou que os testes realizados são de fácil execução, podendo ser realizados em poucos minutos por um profissional bem treinado. A análise dos dados mostrou boa reprodutibilidade, o que permitiu que os testes pudessem ser realizados de forma menos frequente após 16 meses de coleta de dados.
Biochemical Differences and Rapid Identification of Yersinia ruckeri and Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Aquaculture
Authors: DUMAN Muhammed , SATICIOGLU İzzet Burcin , ALTUN Soner
Published: March 2018

Aquaculture
has growing much more than 100% at the last decade. Especially rainbow trout is
the most economically important fish in aquatic species, yet the bacterial
infections limit freshwater fish production especially Yersinia ruckeri and Lactococcus
garvieae. There are many identification reports on the bacterial agent but
each study should be supported with detailed biochemical features. Therefore,
we aimed of this study, determination of biochemical differences and identify
two bacteria in a short time by using rapid test kits. 30 isolates of each Y. ruckeri and L. garvieae used that are represent of different regions of Turkey
were used and biochemical characteristics were determined by basic
microbiologic test and API RAPID test kits. Y.
ruckeri is the most heterogenetic biochemical structure comparing to L. garvieae. All isolates were
successfully identified within 5-7 hours by using rapid test kits while there
are some differences between each other. The extensive biochemical differences
of Y. ruckeri and L. garvieae were shown in the present
study.
Suppression of Neonectria ditissima growth on agar by Bacillus-based products
Authors: Fisher B.M. , Gubellini G. , Wood P.N. , Scheper R.W.A.
Published: March 2018

European canker (Neonectria ditissima), is an important disease on apple trees. Four biological Bacillus-based products and four fungicidal products were tested for efficacy against this pathogen on water agar (WA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). Neonectria ditissima colonies grown without the biological products were healthy, but when mixed with biological control agents, the colonies were smaller and more diffuse. An interaction between medium and product was observed at 20˚C. BacstarTM, SerenadeÂ® Optimum and TripleXTM reduced colony growth on PDA but not on WA, while FulzymeÂ® Plus reduced colony growth on WA but less on PDA. Interestingly, the efficacy of the products was not improved when 10 times label rates were used, except for Fulzyme Plus on WA. At 10˚C and 15˚C Fulzyme Plus was the most effective biological product, particularly at 10 times label rate. Activation of the biological products (25˚C for 3 h) did not increase their efficacy. CapetecTM (captan) and a mixture of HML32TM + HML SilcoTM prevented pathogen growth. ARMOUR-ZenÂ® and EsteemÂ® did not reduce the number of colonies. More research is needed to determine whether biological products can be used to control European canker.
Can biological products control Neonectria ditissima picking wound and leaf scar infections in apples?
Authors: Walter M. , Campbell R.E. , Amponsah N.T. , Turner L. , Rainham D. , Kerer U. , Butler R.C.
Published: March 2018

Neonectria ditissima is the causal agent of European canker in apple, and conidia infect wounds in apple trees. Several commercially available chemical fungicides and biological products (BPs) were tested for wound protection activity in three field experiments (2014—17). Freshly made wounds (rasp, picking, leaf and/or bud scar) were sprayed with the products at label rates. Wounds were challenge-inoculated with N. ditissima conidia after 24 hours and monitored monthly for lesion development. Only captan and copper oxide consistently protected wounds from infection and disease development in each experiment. The BPs tested in this study did not provide adequate wound protection when challenge-inoculated with N. ditissima at high concentration (>1000 spores/wound) so are not recommended for wound protection during harvest and leaf fall when disease pressure is high.
Evaluation of biological and agrichemical products for control of Neonectria ditissima conidia production
Authors: Walter M. , Campbell R.E. , Amponsah N.T. , Scheper R.W.A. , Butler R.C.
Published: March 2018

Inoculum control is critical in containing Neonectria ditissima but no agrichemical treatments are currently available to protect picking wounds during harvesting. Inhibition of conidia production was tested using a range of chemical-based pruning paints (PP) in a field trial in 2015. Mainly Bacillus subtilis-containing, biological products (BP) were tested at the same site in 2016. The BP were also tested in a detached-lesion experiment. Spore-producing field lesions were painted with the products and spore release monitored using glass slides after each rain event. For the detached-lesion study, spore production was monitored using rain traps after weekly artificial rain events. Reduced sporulation was observed in all experiments, but not for all treatments. Some PP created a physical barrier that sealed spores in, with lesions continuing to develop below the paint. No lesion healing was observed from any product in either year, with lesion length increasing for all treatments during the experiments.
The effect of wood age on infection by Neonectria ditissima through artificial wounds on different apple cultivars
Authors: Amponsah N.T. , Scheper R.W.A. , Fisher B.M. , Walter M. , Smits J.M. , Jesson L.K.
Published: March 2018

The age of apple wood may affect its susceptibility to European canker (Neonectria ditissima). Therefore, a glasshouse experiment was conducted with potted trees of six apple cultivars (‘Braeburn’, ‘Scilate’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Royal Gala’) grafted onto two rootstocks (‘M793’ and ‘M9’) to study the effect of 3-, 2- or 1-year-old wood on incidence and disease progression following inoculation with conidia of N. ditissima. Initial analyses of cultivars on ‘M793’ showed a significant wood age effect on disease incidence and lesion length, which was similar to cultivars grafted on ‘M9’. Three-year-old wood developed more and longer lesions than either the 2- or the 1-year-old wood. A significant cultivar effect was observed with ‘Royal Gala’ developing more lesions than the other cultivars tested. More than half of asymptomatic wounds placed onto apple sap-amended water agar for pathogen isolation yielded N. ditissima.