bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHƯƠNG PHÁP NÚT ĐỘNG MẠCH ĐIỀU TRỊ TĂNG SINH LÀNH TÍNH TUYẾN TIỀN LIỆT TRÊN 80 GAM
Authors: Phan Hoàng Giang , Trần Văn Giang , Vũ Đức Thành , Trương Hồng Đức , Vũ Đăng Lưu
Published: February 2023

Đại cương: Hiện tại, phẫu thuật cho những bệnh nhân tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt có thể tích lớn > 80g vẫn là một thử thách với nhiều biến chứng: chảy máu, hội chứng nội soi,… Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tính an toàn và hiệu quả điều trị tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt bằng phương pháp nút đông mạch tuyến tiền liệt cho những bệnh nhân có thể tích tuyến > 80g. Phương pháp: 52 bệnh nhân với thể tích tuyến tiền liệt > 80g được tham gia vào nghiên cứu, các bệnh nhân này điều trị nội thất bại và không thích hợp cho phẫu thuật. Nút động mạch tuyến tiền liệt được thực hiện dưới gây tê một bên động mạch đùi phải, vật liệu gây tắc là hạt vi cầu 250 μm và 400μm. Bệnh nhân được đánh giá các thông số trước điều trị và sau điều trị 1 tháng, 3 tháng và 6 tháng: bảng điểm quốc tể về triệu chứng tuyến tiền tiệt (IPSS), bảng điểm về chất lượng cuộc sống liên quan đến triệu chứng (QoL), lưu lượng dòng tiểu cao nhất (Qmax), lượng nước tiểu tồn dư (PVR), chỉ số chức năng cương dương (IIEF-5) và thể tích tuyến tiền liệt (PV- trên cộng hưởng từ tại thời điểm 3 tháng). Kết quả: Kỹ thuật thực hiện thành công trên 52 bệnh nhân (100%). Lâm sàng cải thiện sau 6 tháng ở các chỉ số IPSS, QoL, Qmax, PVR và thể tích tuyến tiền liệt lần lượt là 74,1 %, 152%, 68,7%, 92,6 %, and 35,5% (sau 3 tháng). Các giá trị trung bình trước và sau can thiệp 6 tháng: IPSS (27,5 và 7,1; P < 0.01), QoL (4,7 và 1,7; P < 0.01), Qmax (7,5 và 18,9; P < 0.01), PVR (65 và 20,3; P < 0.01) và thể tích tuyến tiền liệt trước và sau can thiệp 3 tháng (98,0 và 65; P < 0.01). Chỉ số về chức năng cương dương không thay đổi so với ban đầu. Không có biến chứng nặng xảy ra. Kết luận: Kết quả từ thử nghiệm lâm sàng trên cho thấy nút động mạch tuyến tiền liệt là một lựa chọn an toàn, hiệu quả cho bệnh nhân tăng sinh lành tính tuyến tiền liệt, đặc biệt là các bệnh nhân có thể tích tuyến tiền liệt > 80g, thất bại điều trị nội, không thích hợp với phẫu thuật.
SỨC CĂNG DỌC THẤT TRÁI Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH SUY THẬN GIAI ĐOẠN CUỐI
Authors: Đỗ Thủy Cẩn , Đỗ Doãn Lợi , Đặng Thị Việt Hà
Published: February 2023

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm mục đích: khảo sát sức căng dọc thất trái (GLS) bằng siêu âm đánh dấu mô ở người bệnh suy thận giai đoạn cuối và tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang tiến hành trên 124 bệnh nhân suy thận giai đoạn cuối: 80 người đã lọc máu chu kỳ bằng phương pháp thận nhân tạo (nhóm 1) và 44 người chưa lọc máu chu kỳ (nhóm 2). GLS giảm giá trị tuyệt đối ở cả hai nhóm: ở nhóm 1 là -16,5% ± 4,6, nhóm 2 là -16,4% ± 3,6 (p > 0,05). Tỷ lệ GLS bình thường ở nhóm 1 có xu hướng cao hơn so với nhóm 2 dù chưa có ý nghĩa thống kê (35,0% so với 22,7%, p > 0,05). Trong nhóm có phân suất tống máu bảo tồn, có sự khác biệt về GLS giữa hai nhóm. GLS ở nhóm 1 là -18,8 ± 2,7 so với - 17,6 ± 2,7 ở nhóm 2 (p = 0,046); với 55,9% ở nhóm 2 có GLS rối loạn (> 18,0%) so với 30,5% ở nhóm 1 (p = 0,016). Phân tích đa biến cho thấy hemoglobin liên quan độc lập tới GLS với hệ số tương quan là 0,06 (KTC 95%: 0,005; 0,11, p<0,05). Các yếu tố còn lại chưa thấy mối liên quan độc lập có ý nghĩa với GLS. Kết luận: (1) Sức căng dọc thất trái toàn bộ giảm ở các bệnh nhân suy thận giai đoạn cuối. (2) Ở nhóm PSTMTTBT, nhóm chưa lọc máu máu có GLS giảm hơn so với nhóm đã lọc máu. (3) Nồng độ hemoglobin trong máu là yếu tố ảnh hưởng độc lập tới giá trị GLS.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ PHỐI HỢP NHÓM TRONG CẤP CỨU BỆNH NHÂN NHỒI MÁU NÃO CẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TƯQĐ 108
Authors: Nguyễn Trọng Tuyển , Đỗ Thanh Hòa , Nguyễn Văn Tuyến , Nguyễn Trọng Yên , Nguyễn Văn Thạch , Lưu Quang Minh , Lê Vương Quý , Nguyễn Thị Hằng
Published: February 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá khả năng và một số kết quả của hoạt động phối hợp nhóm trong cấp cứu bệnh nhân nhồi máu não cấp tại Bệnh viện trung ương Quân đội 108 giai đoạn 2014 – 2019. Đối tượng và phương pháp: thiết kế nghiên cứu hồi cứu, mô tả cắt ngang. Chúng tôi tiến hành đánh giá 52 nhân viên y tế (NVYT) trong nhóm cấp cứu bằng thang điểm TEAM. Đồng thời, chúng tôi thu thập hồ sơ của 824 bệnh nhân (BN) nhồi máu não cấp (NMNC) điều trị tại bệnh viện TƯQĐ 108 từ tháng 4/2014 đến tháng 12/2019 để đánh giá về các khoảng thời gian trong cấp cứu BN NMNC. Kết quả: số NVYT tham gia là 52, tuổi trung bình 34,78 ± 8,18. Tỉ lệ nam là 69,23%. Điểm TEAM khi đánh giá các hoạt động của nhóm: trưởng nhóm 3,71 ± 0,52 điểm, kết nối trong nhóm 3,75 ± 0,44 điểm, tổng điểm chung 8,95 ± 0,89, tuân thủ quy trình 3,61 ± 0,56 điểm. Thời gian từ khi BN đến viện đến khi được bác sĩ chuyên ngành khám là 14,09 ± 15,16 phút, thời gian từ khi BN đến viện đến khi được chụp CT là 22,13 ±19,05 phút, thời gian từ khi BN đến viện đến khi hội chẩn xong, đưa ra quyết định điều trị là 41,25 ± 25,76 phút, thời gian từ khi vào viện đến lúc bắt đầu được điều trị đặc hiệu là 49,55 ± 28,13 phút và thời gian từ khi BN đến viện đến khi điều trị tái thông được mạch máu là 88,68 ± 41,75 phút. Kết luận: Hoạt động phối hợp nhóm trong cấp cứu BN NMNC tại bệnh viện TƯQĐ 108 hoạt động có hiệu quả, đóng góp vào nâng cao chất lượng cấp cứu, chẩn đoán và điều trị BN NMN cấp.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CHẨN ĐOÁN HÌNH ẢNH VỠ C1 MẤT VỮNG
Authors: Hoàng Gia Du , Vũ Xuân Phước
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Chấn thương vỡ C1 là tổn thương giải phẫu phức tạp, việc chẩn đoán và điều trị vỡ C1 mất vững còn là thách thức lớn với các phẫu thuật viên cột sống. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: hồi cứu 31 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán và được phẫu thuật chấn thương vỡ C1 mất vững tại Bệnh viện Việt Đức từ năm 2008 đến năm 2013. Phân tích triệu chứng lâm sàng, chẩn đoán hình ảnh. Kết quả: 12,9% bỏ sót thương tổn ban đầu. Triệu chứng thường gặp: đau, cứng cổ,  hạn chế vận động cổ, 90,3% ASIA – E. X-quang: 100% di lệch khối bên ở phim thẳng há miệng, 58,1% vỡ cung sau ở phim nghiêng. CT scanner: 83,9% vỡ C1 loại 2, 16,1% vỡ loại 3; chỉ số Spence trung bình 8,26 ± 1,15 mm. MRI:  9,7% tổn thương tủy, 29% tổn thương dây chằng ngang. Kết luận: Các triệu chứng sau chấn thương như đau, cứng cổ, hạn chế vận động cổ cần nghĩ đến vỡ C1.
THỰC TRẠNG SÂU RĂNG SỮA Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 36 THÁNG TUỔI TẠI TRƯỜNG MẦM NON NGUYÊN KHÊ, ĐÔNG ANH, HÀ NỘI NĂM 2022
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thảo , Nguyễn Thị Hồng Minh , Lê Hưng
Published: February 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá thực trạng sâu răng của trẻ dưới 36 tháng tuổi tại Trường mầm non Nguyên Khê, Đông Anh, Hà Nội. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 121 trẻ dưới 36 tháng tuổi, qua thăm khám lâm sàng và đánh giá tình trạng vệ sinh răng miệng, áp dụng chỉ số DI của OHI-S, phân loại làm 3 mức độ: tốt, trung bình, kém. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ trẻ bị sâu răng chiếm 71,1%; trong đó độ tuổi sâu răng phổ biến là 24-36 tháng tuổi (chiếm 82,6%). Chỉ có 6,6% trẻ đạt vệ sinh răng miệng (VSRM) tốt, trong khi tỉ lệ VSRM trung bình là 24% và VSRM kém là 69,4%. Tỉ lệ sâu răng cao nhất ở nhóm trẻ VSRM kém (khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê với p<0,05). Số răng sâu trung bình của trẻ là 3,08±3,1 răng; trong đó chủ yếu là tại cung hàm trên. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ mắc sâu răng cao nhất ở nhóm VSRM kém, chiếm 98,8%, tỷ lệ sâu răng cao nhất tập trung ở nhóm tuổi 24-36 tháng (82,6%). Nhóm răng trước là nhóm gặp phải tình trạng sâu nhiều nhất đặc biệt là nhóm răng cửa hàm trên. Tỷ lệ trẻ đạt vệ sinh răng miệng tốt còn rất thấp chiếm 6,6%. Tỷ lệ vệ sinh răng miệng kém thì khá là cao chiếm 64,9%.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH X-QUANG VÀ CẮT LỚP VI TÍNH TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN CHẤN THƯƠNG GÃY MỎM NHA
Authors: Hoàng Gia Du , Nguyễn Văn Trung
Published: February 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm hình ảnh và độ phù hợp của phương pháp chụp X-quang và cắt lớp vi tính trong chẩn đoán chấn thương gãy mỏm nha. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 44 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán gãy mỏm nha tại bệnh viện Việt Đức từ tháng 1/2010 – 6/2012. Kết quả: Có 34 bệnh nhân gãy mỏm nha đơn thuần, 7 bệnh nhân trật C1-C2 do gãy mỏm nha, 3 bệnh nhân gãy mỏm nha kèm vỡ C1. X-quang thẳng há miệng phát hiện được 81,8% trường hợp gãy mỏm nha, X-quang nghiêng phát hiện được 68,2%. Gãy mỏm nha loại 2 là 86,4%, loại 3 là 13,6%. Trên phim Cắt lớp vi tính thấy di lệch ra trước và đường gãy ngang gặp nhiều nhất với tỷ lệ lần lượt 68,2% và 55,3%. Khả năng phù hợp chẩn đoán giữa X-quang và cắt lớp vi tính trong tổn thương gãy mỏm nha ở mức độ khá với chỉ số Kappa = 0.45. Kết luận: CLVT là tiêu chuẩn vàng trong chuẩn đoán gãy mỏm nha. Tuy nhiên, khi điều kiện của một số cơ sở y tế chưa cho phép, có thể chụp X-quang để phát hiện gãy mỏm nha. Các đặc điểm hình thái tổn thương gãy mỏm như  hướng di lệch, đường vỡ được đánh giá chi tiết trên phim chụp cắt lớp vi tính.
Otoritas Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan: Studi Penafsiran Kontekstual Abdullah Saeed terhadap Qs. an-Nisa 4: 34
Authors: Shomad Abdus
Published: February 2023

Superioritas laki-laki atas perempuan seringkali terjadi karena adanya penggunaan dalil al-Qur’an dalam memahami posisi perempuan dalam kehidupan sosialnya, termasuk dalam posisinya sebagai pemimpin. Dapat dicermati dan digambarkan dalam ayat Qs. an-Nisa’ ayat 34. Kata kunci Qawwamuna seringkali menjadi alasan dan pembelaan untuk menjelaskan posisi perempuan dalam Islam. Hal tersebut terjadi tidak hanya pada kosa kata ayat saja, tetapi juga pada adanya peran tafsir tekstual yang melupakan konteks ketika ayat ini diturunkan serta kondisi kehidupan kontektual hari ini. Qs. an-Nisa’ ayat 34 seringkali ditafsirkan dalam konteks yang tidak lagi relevan dengan hari ini. Untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang kontekstual tekait “Qauwamuna” dalam Qs. an-Nisa: 34, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual Abdullah Saeed dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini menggunakan data literatur (kepustakaan). Data utama (primer) adalah karya Abdullah Saeed, yakni: Al-Qur’an Abad 21: Tafsir Kontekstual. Adapun data sekunder adalah karya atau tulisan-tulisan yang membahas tentang pendekatan kontekstual Abdullah Saeed dan juga tafsir-tafsir terkait isu gender, khususnya yang membahas Qs. an-Nisa: 34. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan, antara lain: a): Metodologi tafsir kontekstual Abdullah Saeed adalah metodologi tafsir di masa kontemporer yang memberikan hanya fokus pada teks ayat atau redaksi ayat al-Qur’an, tapi juga fokus memahami konteks, (konteks mikro, konteks makro,  dan konteks perkembangan sosial, budaya dan keadaan di hari ini, b): Berdasarkan analisis ditemukan bahwa kata الرجل  dan النساء tidak hanya merujuk pada biologis semata (laki-laki dan perempuan). Ayat ini mengidentifikasi gagasan ideal moral al-Qur’an sebagai sebuah hubungan yang setara. Dengan perkembangan konteks hari ini, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan memiliki kesetaraan dalam potensi kepemimpinan.): Qs. an-Nisa:34 mengandung tiga nilai, yakni: nilai fundamental, nilai implementasional dan nilai instruktional. Dengan kesimpulan ini, skripsi ini akan menguatkan peran studi tafsir gender pada satu sisi, dan pada sisi lain akan menguatkan peran pentingnya paradigma tafsir kontekstual al-Qur’an.
SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOALS OF THE JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SPHERE SPECIFIED IN THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors:   Interdistrict Administrative Court of Gulistan City, Suvanov Sardor
Published: February 2023

"This article discusses the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 “On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026” No. PF–60 and the main content of the Development Strategy approved by this Decree. From a scientific and theoretical point of view, the long-term goals and aspects, such as the inviolability of the right to private property, the restriction of individual rights, the protection of detainees from torture, public security, the formation of a new image of law enforcement agencies, the transfer to the private sector of the execution of judicial acts and acts of other bodies were studied. At the same time, relevant proposals and recommendations in order to strengthen legal guarantees during detention, create opportunities and conditions for convicts to receive higher (correspondence) education in penitentiary institutions, ensure the rights of convicts to work and social security and the sale of the products of their labor, proposals and recommendations have been developed for creating electronic commerce, the introduction of a procedure for sanctioning by the court of such actions as a seizure of property, a search, wiretapping of communications, with the introduction of the institution of an investigating judge, as well as proposals and recommendations for the creation of an opportunity for undergraduate students in the direction of “jurisprudence” to undergo internships in lawyer formations have been developed in this article. "
ISSUES OF THE USE OF PREJUDICE AS THE SUBJECT OF PROVISION IN THE COURT
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Uralov Sarbon
Published: February 2023

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that in the criminal process the institution of prejudice allows you to resolve conflict situations in the activities of state bodies and officials involved in criminal proceedings, easily resolve pre-trial situations that require a lot of money and effort. The purpose of this article is to develop theoretical directions for solving problems related to the use of the institution of prejudice in criminal procedure law based on analysis. The goal is to determine the prospects for improving national legislation related to the use of the institute of prejudice in criminal proceedings, as well as to prepare legal proposals and recommendations from the institute. The level of scientific novelty of the results lies in the study of theoretical, legal and practical issues from the point of view of the science of criminal procedure law to improve the legal guidelines for the application of the institute of prejudice in criminal procedure law. The conclusions of the article can be used as a separate area of criminal procedure reform in the development of the institution of prejudice, the preparation of proposals and recommendations for improving legislation, lectures and special courses on criminal procedure law. It provides that the legislation determines the nature, direction and content of criminal proceedings according to special rules. Various views on the biased value of evidence and the mechanisms for its recognition have been challenged by higher courts.
REALIZATION OF COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS ON THE BASIS OF «EXTENDED COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT»
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Yakubova Iroda
Published: February 2023

The topic highlights the need and importance of a completely different type of collective management in new, high-tech fields, which applies not only to authors - members of the author’s society but also to all other authors, including unknown authors. It is this system of copyright and related rights that is sometimes referred to as “extended collective management”. Within the framework of the subject, it was studied in detail how right holders enter into agreements with persons using works (objects of copyright and related rights) on their own behalf on the basis of powers granted by collective management organizations, as well as collection, distribution and payment of royalties to right holders. Attention is paid to some urgent problems related to the improvement of this institution, international standards for copyright protection and comparative legal analysis of national legislation, as well as the opinions of scientists from Uzbekistan and other different countries. Suggestions and recommendations were put forward of scientific and practical importance for national copyright law. Also, based on the results of the analysis of the scientific views of scholars on intellectual property law, the definition of methods of implementation of copyright and related rights on the basis of “extended collective management” and its effectiveness, the effectiveness of these rights and “agency-type collective management” The special rules and principles of intellectual property law have been studied on a scientific basis.
SARAKHSI IS A GREAT LAWYER OF THE ISLAMIC RENAISSANCE
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Yunusov Khaydarali
Published: February 2023

This article is dedicated to the life and scientific legacy of Muhammad ibn Ahmad Abu Bakr Sarakhsi, who lived and worked in the 11th century. It describes Sarakhsi’s services as a lawyer. Sarakhsi made a great contribution to the development of Islamic law and was the first in the Islamic world to establish the doctrine of international law. His works cover all sensitive aspects of the law such as the creation of norms, the methodology of understanding the law, scientific theoretical and practical issues of law. At the same time, his works reflect the basic concepts and principles, of almost all areas and topics, categories and institutions of law. Central Asia, namely Uzbekistan, is, apparently, the homeland of International Law thanks to the works of formidable scholar Muhammad ibn Ahmad Sarakhsi, so-called “Hugo Grotius of the Muslims”. By interpreting Arabic scholar Muhammad Shaybani’s book “Kitab al-Siyar al-Kabir”, Sarakhsi was first to set forth the “Siyar” – “International Law” as an autonomous and legitimate discipline within the framework of the law. Sarakhsi is the most famous representative of the “Golden age” of the Islamic Renaissance. To study the scientific legacy of Sarakhsi, it is important to take into account the features of the period in which he lived. This, in turn, will play a significant role in laying the foundation for the expected Third Renaissance in our country.
MITIGATING FACTORS AND CRIMINAL DEFENSES IN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)
Authors:   Academy  of the Ministry of Internal Affairs  of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Islomov Bunyod
Published: February 2023

The article provides a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of the French Republic in terms of consideration of the mitigating factors and criminal defenses. This research work provides an overall exploration of the mitigation of sentence institute in accordance with the present edition of the French Penal code, adopted on July 22, 1992 and entered into force from March 1, 1994 and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, adopted on September 22 and entered into force from April 1, 1995, including the issues on determining the punishment for the criminal offences committed in mental disorder as well as insanity and diminished responsibility, for not completed offences and the criminal complicity and moreover the institutes of pardon, exemption from liability and punishment, splitting the punishment some of issues regarding to legal person’s liability as per of French criminal legislation. Pursuant to the results of the conducted analysis, similar and different sides of current criminal laws have been clarified, decisions on the concluded analysis and final conclusion on the implementation of splitting the punishment to the criminal law of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been provided.
FORMATION OF THE EQUALITY PRINCIPLE AS A GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF LAW
Authors:   University of the World Economics and Diplomacy, Yusuvalieva Rakhima
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the formation and development of the principle of equality as a general principle of law, the concept and essence of the principle of equality in law, philosophical and legal interpretations of this principle, the meaning of the principle of equality in lawmaking, law enforcement and legal responsibility, sentencing, legal culture, public relations and its essence in international law. The relevance of the research topic is explained primarily by the fact that in conditions of deepening legal reforms carried out in society, raising the legal awareness of the population, ensuring human rights and freedom, general principles of law are important. The influence of general principles of law such as justice, equality, humanism, legality and democracy on the development of branches of law is indisputable. The listed principles are reflected in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan as well as the basic codes of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the work is to investigate the process of formation of the principle of equality, clarification of the essence and content of this principle, various interpretations of the concept of the principle of equality, the influence of the principle of equality on the development of international law. In the course of the study, the methods of system-structural, comparative-legal and statistical analysis, formal-logical, general scientific and specific scientific methods of scientific knowledge have been used. As a result of the work carried out, on the basis of a review of various approaches of domestic and foreign scientists, such issues as the principles of law, the concept and content of the principle of equality, the connection of this principle with the principles of justice and legality, the influence of the principle of the right on the administration of justice, the imposition of punishment have been analysed. The research results can be used in scientific activities related to research on the general principles of law and in the classes in higher educational institutions.
EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS FEATURES
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Abdullaeva Maftuna
Published: February 2023

This article provides a complete analysis of the stages of establishment and development of the institution of constitutional control in Uzbekistan. The author notes that the development of constitutional justice in our country can be studied in four stages. The issues of constitutional justice in our country are a relatively new and developing direction in the national legal system, there are some peculiarities in the development of the new direction, the need to strengthen the institution of constitutional control and improve the implementation mechanisms. In the first stage, the powers of the Constitutional Review Committee are analyzed on the basis of the relevant legislation. At this stage, the constitutional review body was not fully independent and its activities did not meet international standards in the field of constitutional review. In the second phase, despite a number of reforms in the field of constitutional review based on international standards, the role of this body in ensuring human rights and freedoms was weak. In the third stage, there was a period of significant and radical changes in the activities of the Constitutional Court. This period is significant with the introduction of the institution of constitutional appeal. Analyzing the current legislation, the author identifies priorities in the activities of this body that need to be improved.
LEGAL IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN THE FIELD OF WATER RESOURCES OF FARMS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Shofiev Zoir
Published: February 2023

This article examines the content and legal significance of state and public environmental control in the field of rational use of water resources by farms. The author emphasizes the importance of decrees and resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in improving environmental control. In this sense, environmental control has focused on ensuring the rational use of nature and the harmful effects on the environment. State control over the use and protection of water and water resources of farms should be carried out by local authorities, the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection, the Inspectorate for Control over the Agro-Industrial Complex under the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Water Resources. It describes the types of state and public environmental control in the field of water use by farms. Scientists from the CIS countries also presented proposals and recommendations for environmental control in the field of water use by farms. In this article, the author defines the role of environmental and public control in the use of water resources by farms in the laws “On environmental control” and “On public control”.
ISSUES OF CRIMINAL LAW REGULATION OF LEGALIZATION OF PROCEEDS FROM CRIMINAL ACTIVITY AND IMPROVEMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THESE CRIMES
Authors:   Customs Institute of the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Achilov Alisher
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the economic reforms carried out in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular, aimed at liberalizing the foreign exchange market, issues of responsibility in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign countries for crimes related to the legalization of proceeds from criminal activity. The criminalistic characteristics of this crime are also considered. In particular, the legalization of proceeds from criminal activity is widespread and refers mainly to latent crimes. As the analysis has shown, the methods of committing these crimes are constantly changing, becoming more complicated, using loopholes in legislation and committed through various criminal schemes. This criminal activity is constantly connected with regional, national and global markets, including those markets that are prohibited for sale. Criminal groups are actively diversifying their activities and creating their own circle. This means that they are difficult to identify and expose. In addition, foreign experience and existing international standards for combating this crime are analyzed, some proposals are also presented on the role of customs authorities in countering the legalization of proceeds from criminal activity, as well as on improving the effectiveness of criminal law regulation of this act and improving the law enforcement activities of customs authorities.
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE JUDICIARY: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Bazarov Sardor
Published: February 2023

In this article, the author analyzes the main functions of artificial intelligence in courts: such as organizing data, consulting, and forecasting. In addition, this article discusses the principles of applying artificial intelligence in judicial practice from a scientific point of view: such as ethical principles, the principle of respect for human rights, the principle of equality, the principle of data security, the principle of transparency, the principle of user control over artificial intelligence. Along with the above, the author thoroughly studied the effective use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system. In conclusion, the author puts proposals forward for further improvement of the use of artificial intelligence in courts that uniformity of court practice and transparency of court documents will be ensured. For citizens, artificial intelligence will become a quality tool for finding and evaluating the outcome of court proceedings using the latest advances in IT. This allows the plaintiff to predict the likelihood of the success of the application being sued and to make a decision on that basis without going to court.
ANALYSIS OF ISSUES RELATED TO SCIENTIFIC AND CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF TAX CONTROL
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Ergashev Ikrom
Published: February 2023

"This scientific article provides a systematic analysis of the scientific and conceptual basis of tax control. So far, the scientific and conceptual basis of tax control have not been legally studied in depth. A modern direction and a new idea of increasing the efficiency of tax control are proposed. Given the lack of in-depth scientific research on tax control in the sphere of national tax law, and the fact that the views expressed in this article are scientific views, the methods of comparative and legal analysis have been applied in this research. Moreover, observation, generalization, induction, and deduction methods have also been applied. Tax control has been studied based on the author’s analytical views and the opinions of various foreign and national legal scholars, and has been analyzed through the examples of the experience of foreign countries. As a result, some problems with the implementation of tax control, in particular, the non-functioning of existing rules and its causes have been identified. The author analyzes the existing forms of tax control in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the gaps in the legislation on tax audits and tax monitoring, as well as the reasons for the rapid change of legislation and their impact on taxpayers. In addition, it has been found that there are shortcomings in the application of the legislation on tax control to correct, to make changes and additions to some articles of the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article offers suggestions and recommendations based on the analysis of existing problems in this sphere. "
LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Nurullaev Shokhrukh
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the procedure and legal framework for environmental control in the construction industry, as well as provides sound recommendations on legislation in this area. Norm of the field in question provide legal definitions for existing environmental terms. Special attention was also paid to public environmental control in the implementation of environmental control in the course of ongoing construction work. In particular, it is scientifically and theoretically analyzed that the globalization of urbanization processes, population growth, changes in infrastructure also affect the legislation in the field of environmental protection. Possible legal problems in the field are predicted and hypotheses to overcome thereof are put forward. The role of environmental control and environmental expertise in the construction industry is legally substantiated. The state and problems of compliance with environmental and legal requirements of construction activities carried out by entrepreneurs are enumerated. The benefits and limitations imposed on them are expressed from the environmental protection perspective. In the final part, specific proposals are addressed on the mechanisms for implementing by-laws in the field of environmental protection of the construction industry.
IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES FOR THE POPULATION AND ENTREPRENEURS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Rakhmatov Azizbek
Published: February 2023

This article describes the concept of e-government services and traditional public services, as well as the procedure and features of their use. In particular, over the past two years, the pandemic that has entered our country has proved the importance of remote work, electronic communication with government agencies, and the electronic use of public services. The article also describes the concept of public service and e-government service, the legislative framework created in the field of public service over the past 5 years and the work done in this area. We have to admit that e-government services not only save the time and money of citizens but also prevent unnecessary hassle, various bureaucratic obstacles and corruption that can arise in direct contact with a government agency. In addition, among the achievements to date, the work to be done and the problems in practice were also discussed. Accordingly, proposals have been developed for the progress of e-government services, its widespread dissemination, the establishment of mutual electronic document exchange between government agencies, and the establishment of a system of short-term services to the population and businesses through the digitization of paper documents.
IMPROVING THE EMERGENCE AND PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Imomov Nurillo
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes the formation and protection of civil rights and duties based on the Concept of improving the civil legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No F-5464 dated April 5, 2019. It analyzes the legal nature of the decisions of the meeting as a basis for the formation of civil rights and duties, their place and essence as a legal fact based on foreign law, and substantiates proposals to include provisions on the decisions of the meeting in the new edition. The rules on the independence of civil rights from political rights were also analyzed in terms of their impact on the emergence of civil rights and duties, and the idea of including them in the new edition of the Civil Code was put forward. In addition, this article analyzes the issue of including in the FC the norm of the right of a person to the protection of his civil rights in case of violation, non-recognition, or conflict. In addition, the article examines the conditions, criteria, and limits of self-protection of the individual to the FC, and argues that the new requirements in this regard should be reflected in the legislation. The issue of defining the rules for the institution of lost profits in the protection of civil rights is also relevant today, and it is necessary to establish clear conditions for determining the existence and amount of lost profits. At the same time, the rules on compensation for damages caused by state bodies and officials in the protection of civil rights are also relevant today, as they are regulated on the basis of modern realities.
THE LEGISLATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE OBJECTIVE SIDE OF THE COMPOSITION OF CRIME: ANALYSIS AND PROPOSAL
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Khudaykulov Feruzbek
Published: February 2023

In this article, research methods such as logical method, method of induction, method of deduction, systematic method, logical-legal method, and comparative-legal methods were used. In particular, first of all, the general characteristics of the signs of the objective side of the crime and their structure in criminal law, as well as the scientific views and research of scientists about them, the similarities and differences between them are revealed. Also, a socially dangerous act with the necessary signs of the objective side of the crime and criminal law consequences with its optional signs, causal relationship, place, time, method, circumstances, weapons and means of crime, in the disposition of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan are consistently described. This article focuses on the objective side of crime and its features in criminal law; instrumentally and comparatively analyzes their criminal legal significance in the qualification of crimes and the rules of qualification. At the same time, scientific works, monographs, and scientific and educational textbooks of Russian scholars A.N.Trainin, T.V.Tsereteli, V.N.Kudryavtsev, N.F.Kuznetsova, B.V.Zdravomyslov and others belonging to the continental (Romano-Germanic) family of law, as well as national scientists M.Kh.Rustamboev, M.Usmonaliev, P.Bakunov, R.Kabulov, Kh.M.Abzalova, A.A.Otajonov, I.A.Sottiev, Kh.Ochilov, Sh. Khaydarov, Z.Shamsiddinov and others were used. Moreover, the doctrine of criminal law and existing scientific researches were analyzed, and concrete proposals and recommendations were developed in this regard to improve the theory and practice of criminal law.
OBJECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF CRIMES COMMITTED USING PERSONAL VIOLENCE
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Niyozova Salomat
Published: February 2023

In this article, the author touched upon the objective signs and specific aspects of crimes committed with the use of force against a person. The article also expresses the opinion that the object of crimes committed with the use of violence against a person, established by the Criminal Code, recognizes legal and social relations related to the protection of the interests of the individual. The article also expresses its opinion on the understanding of the main feature of the objective side of crimes committed with the use of violence against a person, a socially dangerous act and the causal relationship between them. It is also mentioned that weapons and means of committing a crime are often considered signs of a crime and in exceptional cases affect the qualification. The method, place, condition, time, instrument and means of committing a crime are based on the fact that the composition of the crime constitutes additional signs of the objective side, the main reason for their division into main and additional signs is based on the origin of the structure of the criminal content established by the legislator. It was also analyzed that if the causal relationship between crimes against the person is considered as cases that should be identified first of all in almost all crimes, then the remaining signs can only act as a sign that affects the qualification of the crime in certain cases.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE LAST NECESSITY
Authors:   Higher School of Judges under the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Otegenova Luiza
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the last necessity and its characteristics. In cases of last necessity, if the danger can be prevented by other means or if the stated damage exceeds the prevented damage, such damage to the rights and interests protected by law is considered to be a deviation from the limit of the last necessity and its specific features. Also, in the article, the author considers the following to be committed in the case of last necessity: first, damage to social relations protected by law due to last necessity; second, the last necessity is applied only during the time when the danger has begun and has not ended, and that it is not possible to apply the last necessity measure to the danger that has not yet begun and ended; third, it was not possible to eliminate the danger through any other measure and the used measure should be the last measure to eliminate the danger; fourth, the damage caused by the last necessity is less than the damage that can be caused by the source of danger; fifth, it analyzes whether it is possible to establish signs within the framework of the law, that is, not to deviate from the limits of the last necessity, with the ideas and opinions of researchers.
PARTICIPANTS IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Tulaganova Gulchehra
Published: February 2023

This article conducts a scientific and theoretical analysis of the concept of participants in the criminal process. Participants in the proceedings are defined as participants who have been discussed in a separate procedural document and who have certain rights and obligations to protect their own or their representative’s interests. The list includes a suspect, accused, defendant, victim, civilian plaintiff, and civil defendant. Also, an analysis of the rights and obligations of the participants in the criminal proceedings has been carried out. In addition, theoretical and practical aspects have been discussed regarding rights and obligations. Given the multiplicity and need to study, considering the concept of participants in the criminal process, there are still some problems and gaps regarding the resolution of issues of participants in the criminal process. In order to improve criminal procedural legislation, scientific-theoretical and practical recommendations are provided regarding the mechanism of the implementation of the tasks with priority goals.
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Authors: Jutras Mathilde , Mucci Alfonso , Chaillou Gwenaëlle , Nesbitt William A. , Wallace Douglas W. R.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Persistent hypoxic bottom waters have developed in the
Lower St Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) and have impacted fish and benthic species
distributions. Minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased from
∼ 125 µmol L−1 (38 % saturation) in the 1930s to
∼ 65 µmol L−1 (21 % saturation) in 1984.
Minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations remained at hypoxic levels (< 62.5 µM = 2 mg L−1 or 20 % saturation) between 1984 and 2019, but
in 2020, they suddenly decreased to ∼ 35 µmol L−1.
Concurrently, bottom-water temperatures in the LSLE have increased
progressively from ∼ 3 ∘C in the 1930s to nearly
7 ∘C in 2021. The main driver of deoxygenation and warming in the
bottom waters of the Gulf of St Lawrence and St Lawrence Estuary is a change in the
circulation pattern in the western North Atlantic, more specifically a
decrease in the relative contribution of younger, well-oxygenated and cold
Labrador Current Waters to the waters of the Laurentian Channel, a deep
valley that extends from the continental shelf edge, through Cabot Strait,
the gulf and to the head of the LSLE. Hence, the warmer, oxygen-depleted
North Atlantic Central Waters carried by the Gulf Stream now make up nearly
100 % of the waters entering the Laurentian Channel. The areal extent of
the hypoxic zone in the LSLE has varied since 1993 when it was first
estimated at 1300 km2. In 2021, it reached 9400 km2,
extending well into the western Gulf of St Lawrence. Severely hypoxic
waters are now also found at the end of the two deep channels that branch
out from the Laurentian Channel, namely, the Esquiman Channel and Anticosti Channel.
Disparate energy sources for slow and fast Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles
Authors: Liebrand Diederik , de Bakker Anouk T. M. , Johnstone Heather J. H. , Miller Charlotte S.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. During the Late Pleistocene, Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles triggered warming events that were as abrupt as the present-day human-induced warming. However, in absence of a periodic forcing operating on millennial time scales, the main energy sources of DO cycles remain debated. Here, we identify the energy sources of DO cycles by applying a bispectral analysis to the North Greenland ice core project (NGRIP) oxygen isotope (δ18Oice) record—a 123-thousand-years (kyr) long proxy-record of air-temperatures (Tair) over Greenland. For both modes of DO cyclicity—slow and fast—we detect disparate energy sources. Slow-DO cycles are marked by multi-millennial periodicities in the 12.5 to 2.5 kyr bandwidth and receive energy from astronomical periodicities. Fast-DO cycles have millennial periodicities in the 1.5 ± 0.5 kyr range and receive energy from centennial periodicities. We propose cryospheric and oceanic mechanisms that facilitate the transfer of energy from known sources to slow- and fast-DO cycles, respectively. Our findings stress the importance of understanding energy-transfer mechanisms across a broad range of time scales to explain the origins of climate cycles without primary periodic energy-sources.
The m-Dimensional Spatial Nyquist Limit Using the Wave Telescope for Larger Numbers of Spacecraft
Authors: Schulz Leonard , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz , Plaschke Ferdinand , Toepfer Simon , Motschmann Uwe
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Spacecraft constellations consisting of multiple satellites are more and more becoming of interest not only for commercial, but also for space science missions. The proposed and accepted scientific multi-satellite missions to operate within Earth's magnetospheric environment, like HelioSwarm, require extending established methods for the analysis of multi-spacecraft data to more than four spacecraft. The wave telescope is one of those methods. It is used to detect waves and characterize turbulence from multi-point magnetic field data, by providing spectra in reciprocal position-space. The wave telescope can be applied to an arbitrary number of spacecraft already. However, the exact limits of the detection for such cases are not known if the spacecraft, acting as sampling points, are irregularly spaced. We extend the wave telescope technique to an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions and show how the characteristic upper detection limit in k-space imposed by aliasing, the spatial Nyquist limit, behaves for irregular spaced sampling points. This is done by analyzing wave telescope k-space spectra obtained from synthetic plane wave data in 1D up to 3D. As known from discrete Fourier transform methods, the spatial Nyquist limit can be expressed as the greatest common divisor in 1D. We extend this to arbitrary numbers of spatial dimensions and spacecraft. We show that the spatial Nyquist limit can be found by determining the shortest possible basis of the spacecraft distance vectors. This may be done using linear combination in position-space and transforming the obtained shortest basis to k-space. Alternatively, the shortest basis can be determined mathematically by applying the Modified Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász algorithm (MLLL) combined with a lattice enumeration algorithm. Thus, we give a generalized solution to the determination of the spatial Nyquist limit for arbitrary numbers of spacecraft and dimensions without any need of a priori knowledge of the measured data. Additionally, we give first insights on the application to real-world data incorporating spacecraft position errors and minimizing k-space aliasing. As the wave telescope is an estimator for a multi-dimensional Fourier transform, the results of this analysis can be applied to Fourier transform itself or other Fourier transform estimators making use of irregular sampling points. Therefore, our findings are also of interest to other fields of signal processing.
A microstructure-based parameterization of the effective, anisotropic elasticity tensor of snow, firn, and bubbly ice
Authors: Sundu Kavitha , Freitag Johannes , Fourteau Kévin , Löwe Henning
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Quantifying the link between microstructure and effective elastic properties of snow, firn, and bubbly ice is essential for many applications in cryospheric sciences. The microstructure of snow and ice can be characterized by different types of fabrics (crystallographic, geometrical) that gives rise to macroscopically anisotropic elastic behavior. While the impact of the crystallographic fabric has been extensively studied in deep firn, the present work investigates the influence of the geometrical fabric over the entire range of possible volume fractions. To this end we have computed the effective elasticity tensor of snow, firn, and ice by finite element simulations based on 395 X-ray tomography images comprising samples from the laboratory, Alps, Greenland, and Antarctica. We employed a variant of the Eshelby tensor that has been previously utilized for the parametrization of thermal and dielectric properties of snow and utilized Hashin-Shtrikman bounds to capture the nonlinear interplay between density and geometrical anisotropy. From that we derive a closed-form parametrization for all components of the (transverse isotropic) elastic tensor for all volume fractions using 2 fit parameters per tensor component. Finally we used the Thomsen parameter to compare the geometrical anisotropy to the crystallographic anisotropy in bubbly ice. While the geometrical anisotropy is clearly dominating up to ice volume fractions of Ø ≈ 0.7, a thorough understanding of elasticity in bubbly ice may require a coupled elastic theory that includes geometrical and crystallographic anisotropy.