bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NA PROVA DE MATEMÁTICA DO NOVO ENEM NO PERÍODO 2009-2016
Authors: Rodrigues Márcio Urel , Nascimento Adriano Rodrigues , Brito Acelmo Jesus
Published: April 2019

Apresentamos neste artigo, resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi investigar as características da contextualização e da interdisciplinaridade no formato das questões da Prova de Matemática do Novo ENEM no período 2009-2016. A questão investigativa norteadora foi: De que maneira se apresenta a contextualização e a interdisciplinaridade no formato das questões da Prova de Matemática do Novo ENEM no período de 2009-2016? Utilizamos a metodologia da pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade documental. O corpus foi constituído pelas 360 questões da prova de Matemática do Novo ENEM. Para analisar os dados, utilizamos alguns conceitos da Análise de Conteúdo na perspectiva de Bardin (1977), a qual nos permitiu constatar que 86% das questões das provas de Matemática do Novo ENEM no período de 2009 a 2016 são contextualizadas, e apenas 38% são questões interdisciplinares que relacionando com 12 áreas ou disciplinas, sendo: Geografia, Física e Biologia as com maior recorrência. Com base nesses dados, constatamos que a contextualização como princípio norteador do Novo ENEM tem sido bem explorada na prova de Matemática, no entanto, a interdisciplinaridade precisa ser mais abrangente para ser condizente com seus princípios norteadores.
SEQUÊNCIA DE ENSINO: UMA PROPOSTA DE RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS NA INTEGRAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA NO ESTUDO DA FUNÇÃO AFIM NO 9º ANO
Authors: Silva Flaviana dos Santos , Pitanga Jonathas
Published: April 2019

O conteúdo de Função Afim é um componente curricular do 9° ano do ensino fundamental, ou seja, do quarto ciclo de ensino e é notório que causa muita dificuldade entre os estudantes. Sendo assim, cabe ao professor pesquisar e oportunizar atividades desafiadoras para que o aluno consiga compreender, verificando suas semelhanças e desta forma facilitar a compreensão dos seus conceitos, suas propriedades, bem como as especificidades das relações em suas aplicações. Pensando nisso, o objetivo geral desde artigo é apresentar uma sequência de ensino utilizando o GeoGebra como um recurso didático a partir de uma situação problema que leve o aluno a explorar o conteúdo antes da apropriação do mesmo. O embasamento teórico foi articulado com as teorias da abordagem instrumental de Rabardel, dos registros de representação da semiótica e da resolução de problema em Matemática. Com os resultados, foi possível elaborar uma situação problema composta de 04 questões, empregando o software GeoGebra no estudo das Função Afim. A situação problema é direcionada a professores de Matemática, graduandos, ou para profissionais da Educação. Logo, foi possível evidenciar que é importante o professor trazer situações problemas em sala de aula para tornar a Matemática mais próxima da realidade do aluno.
Educação Matemática e Transdisciplinaridade: mapeamento de pesquisas recentes
Authors: Oliveira Jean Paixão , Santana Eurivalda Ribeiro dos Santos , Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa, que teve como objetivo analisar como se apresentam pesquisas que relacionam o ensino de matemática com a transdisciplinaridade. Como abordagem metodológica utilizou-se os procedimentos do Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional. Os dados foram constituídos a partir da seleção de quatro teses e duas dissertações publicadas no banco de dados da CAPES. Para a análise, estabelecemos seis categorias: a) referenciais teóricos da pesquisa; b) problemas investigados e interesses de pesquisa; c) metodologias utilizadas; d) principais resultados e contribuições para o avanço do tema na área; e e) perspectivas de continuidade do estudo. Os resultados permitiram identificar aproximações teóricas e metodológicas entre os trabalhos analisados e se evidenciou convergência no que se refere aos estudos acerca da Transdisciplinaridade. Além disso, notou-se que as pesquisas apontaram criação de caderno de questões ou sequências de ensino como possibilidade de ensinar matemática por meio da Transdisciplinaridade.
The Global Rise of Female Entrepreneurship: Introducing the Self- Elevation Hypothesis
Authors: Alsaaty Falih M. , Makhlouf Hany H.
Published: April 2019

Female entrepreneurs are fast increasing in number, and economic and social importance. In addition to their impressive rate of growth in the United States over the last few decades, their growth has been noted in many countries, particularly in Australia, Britain, Denmark, The Netherlands, France, Iceland, Sweden, Finland, and Norway, according to the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (GEDI). This trend is likely to continue, and even to accelerate, with changes in societal attitudes and old stereotypes as well as with the improvement in female education, and women’s rights and gender equality laws. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) provide an overview of the growth and current state of female entrepreneurship, (2) survey the relevant literature, and (3) introduce the “self-Elevation” hypothesis that points to the inner needs that propel some women to attempt to raise their status by establishing new businesses. We propose this hypothesis in the hope that it would be a subject of future scholarly research and debate. It is important to add that, for this study, we define “self-elevation” as the individual’s inner drive to move or contribute to the movement from an undesirable state of affair to a more desirable one, like a better financial standing, and a more prosperous community.
Marketing Problems of Betel Leaf A Study with Reference to Sholavandan at Madurai District in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sahaya Princy P , Hasan Banu S
Published: April 2019

Betel leaf agricultural market is characterized by high dominance of market intermediaries, non-availability of the storage facility, lack of market information, no proper organized market, high transportation cost. E-Marketing of agricultural products is an electronic trading portal for agricultural products through which many of the farmer’s problems can be solved. Using internet as a way of selling agricultural products is changing marketing channels in the agribusiness industry. This paper analysis the nature and importance of e-marketing of betel leaves in the study area.
Care Work and Time Use: A Focus on Child Care, Personal Care and Elderly Care Time
Authors: Ramya R
Published: April 2019

Today the concept of ‘time poverty’ is gaining much attention. Since time is a limited factor, when more of it is devoted to paid and unpaid work, less time is available for leisure, which results in high time poverty. Time is often more precious than money and is regarded as a natural and universal concept. A woman’s position in the society and family as well as her time allocation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Therefore a woman’s paid works as well as her unpaid domestic work especially care work are equally significant as it produces significant influence upon her time allocation. Across globe, women and girls does the vast majority of care giving work in the home which creates disproportional responsibilities finally result in time poverty. This paper mainly focuses on the care time (child care, elderly care and personal care time) devoted by working women across different occupations
An Analysis Study of Paddy Cultivation in Sivagangai District – A Case Study
Authors: Nageswari R , Maya Murugan R
Published: April 2019

Agricultural development is a precondition for the overall economic development of a country. India occupies sixth rank in the world in terms of agricultural development. India stands in the second rank in the production of rice next to china. The share of Indian agriculture is 2.4 percent in the world. Rapid growth in agriculture is essential not only to achieve self-reliance but also for the food security of the household. The agricultural sector through its product contribution, factor contribution, and market contribution might act as the leading sector for economic development. Economist Arthur Lewis thinks that agricultural surplus is used by the secondary and tertiary sectors for their expansion for maintaining food security and at the same time mobilizing a large agricultural surplus for the urban areas is much needed for agricultural development.

 This paper is mostly focussed on the Log- Linear Regression model of Cob Douglas type and it is adopted to estimate the vital factor which determines the yield. A Yield is for two farm size that is small and large farmers in the regression model, yield is considered as a dependent variable and input factor of the following analyses.
Enrolment of Health Insurance by Cardiovascular Disease Affected Informal Industrial Workers in Coimbatore
Authors: Naagarajan R , Jayavasuki K
Published: April 2019

Health care costs have risen drastically over few years, and any medical treatment can make a dent on individual’s savings but with the help of these special health insurance plans, an individual can give extra cushion to them and can come out good from these problems. Insurance may be described as a social device to reduce or eliminate the risk of life and property. Under the plan of insurance, a large number of people associate themselves by sharing risk, attached to an individual insurance plan that exclusively covers healthcare costs and is called Health Insurance. One possible solution to the above said problem was to reduce the financial barrier through health insurance. Unfortunately, currently only about 10 percent of the population protected under any health insurance coverage. The most are for employees in the formal (Ellis et al. 2000). The informal workers were unprotected and had to depend on those above poorly financed public sector or the expensive private sector to take care of its needs. The government is keen to increase the insurance coverage and has even introduced special health insurance packages for the poor (Times of India, 2003). Health insurance schemes are one way of guaranteeing access to health care services.  Under such schemes ideally, people should apply for membership and be making monthly contributions so that in the event of any sickness; the health insurer will be able to meet the cost of medical care. Health insurance plays important role in healthcare service provision. It should again be noted that the health insurance market depends on policy interventions to balance supply side and demand side forces. Demand-side forces would naturally involve health insurance participation, and for credible policy interventions it may be important that those factors affecting participation be established (Mhere, 2013). Health insurance is the fast emerging as an important mechanism to finance the health care needs of the people. The need for an insurance system that works on the basic principle of pooling risks of unexpected costs of persons falling ill and needing hospitalization by charging a premium from a wider population base of the community (Bhatia and John, 2000). Work-related health problems result in an economic loss of four to six percent of gross domestic product for most countries. About 70 percent of workers does not have any insurance to compensate them in case of occupational disease and injuries.
Regional Rural Banks and Rural Development: A Case of Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank
Authors: Tigari Harish , Gaganadeepa M G
Published: April 2019

The rural banking is one of the important roles in rural development of our country, and the village economy is the backbone of the Indian economy. Without the development of the rural economy, the objective of economic planning cannot be achieved. Hence the Regional rural banks (RRBs) are plays a vital role in the rural development for the economy in India.  The RRBs were established on October 2, 1975, with the main objective of a provisional credit to rural people who are not economically strong enough, especially the small farmers, artisans, agricultural laborers, and even small entrepreneurs. The present study is a modest attempt to rural credit structure and the role played by RRBs in the development of rural economy. The present research paper is designed in nature and makes use of secondary data. The relevant secondary data have been collected mainly through the articles, journals, books, and websites have been referred. This paper is to examine the rural credit structure in RRBs of Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank. And this study is focused only on the specific area like loans and advances made by the RRBs for three years period of 2015-16 to the year 2017-18.
An Analysis of Women Self-Help Group in Sivagangai District - A Case Study
Authors: Mahadevan R
Published: April 2019

It this study is recently fast growth of women shelf help group in Sivagangai Districts and Marketing of product and service to the people and Micro economic development. The Tamilnadu Government to announced each districts to open the department stores in women self help group and the marketing of different product in SHG
The Socio Economic Status of Unorganised Migrant Construction Labourers in Karnataka: A Case Study in Bangalore
Authors: Rajendra Prasad T , Shamala B
Published: April 2019

Migration is an important feature of development of any economy. It occurs as a response to unbalanced growth and economic inequality. Construction industry is one of the fastest growing industry in the country. The infrastructural development and construction sector is in full swing in Bangalore attracting semi-skilled and unskilled labourers from different parts of the country. While it may seem that construction industry would fetch workers higher income and better working conditions, these unorganized migrant labourers are denied of basic facilities that any citizen of the country is entitled to. This paper tries to study the economic position of labourers before and after migration, their living conditions, food security, health facilities etc., primary data are collected from randomly selected labourers especially interstate migrants and secondary sources of data are collected to analyses the conditions of migrant labourers.
Behavior Modification Techniques – An Awareness Study
Authors: Vijayalakshmi N
Published: April 2019

Behaviour modification refers to the techniques used to try and decrease or increase a particular type of behaviour or reaction. This might sound very technical, but it is used very frequently by all of us. Parents use this to teach their children right from wrong. Therapists use it to promote healthy behaviours in their patients. The purpose behind behaviour modification is not to understand why or how a particular behaviour started. Instead, it only focuses on changing behaviour, and there are different methods used to accomplish it.
Womanism and Women in Alice Walker’s The Temple of My Familiar
Authors: Ratna Hasanthi Dhavaleswarapu
Published: April 2019

African-American women have been inappropriately and unduly, stereotyped in various contrasting images as slaves post-slavery, wet nurses, super women, domestic helpers, mammies, matriarchs, jezebels, hoochies, welfare recipients, and hot bodies which discloses their repression in the United States of America. They have been showcased by both black men and white women in different ways quite contrary to their being in America. Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, Gloria Naylor, Gayl Jones, Paule Marshall, Sonia Sanchez, Toni Cade Bambara, to name a few writers, have put forth the condition of black women through their works. They have shown the personality of many a black women hidden behind the veils of racism, sexism, classism and systemic oppression of different sorts. Walker coined the term Womanism in her 1984 collection of essays titled In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens: Womanist Prose. Womanism advocates consensus for black women starting with gender and proceeding over to race, ethnicity and class, with a universal outlook. Womanism offers a positive self-definition of the black woman’s self within gendered, historical, geographical, ethnic, racial and cultural contexts too. Walker’s novel The Temple of My Familiar 1989 is a womanist treatise putting forth the importance of womanist consciousness and womanist spirit. The novel is a tribute to the strength, endurance and vitality of black womanhood. The novel revolves around three pairs of characters and their lives to showcase the lives of African Americans and coloured population in America. The three couples namely Suwelo and Fanny, Arveyda and Carlotta, Lissie and Hal showcased in the novel, belong to different age groups and different, mixed ethnicities. Through them, Walker depicts the lives of marginalized population in America, and the umpteen trials they face for being who they are. Furthermore, this paper showcases how Womanism as a theory can really enliven the life of the black community, especially black women when put into practice.
The depiction of Poverty in Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s Pather Panchali: An Analytical Study
Authors: Shinde Pooja Pradeep
Published: April 2019

In developing nations poverty is seen not only affecting the personal but also social life of an individual, because of which he remains deprived of all the amenities that he wants to enjoy. Poor and poverty goes hand in hand. Though both are different where poor means a poor person or family whereas poverty affects the whole community. Due to lack of fundamental government policies the developing countries are facing such crisis. This paper explores Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s major character and their struggle for upgrading their life.
Purchase Behaviour of Rural Customers in Insurance Sector
Authors: Rajasri T , Gomathi Shankar K
Published: April 2019

Human life is full of risk. In general one or few family members are earning to run the existence, and most of the family members are depending on the earning members. In the present world, a human may lose his life by many ways such as, by age, by accident, by diseases and so on no one compensate by anybody else. One can succeed an insurance company only when it retain their existing customers and attract new customers by providing good insurance services. For this purpose understanding of purchase behaviour of customers in the insurance sector is very important to improve the quality of existing schemes and to introduce new schemes in insurance products to attract new customers and it will lead to enhancing their market. Tamilnadu is one of the biggest states in India. There are 32 districts in the state of Tamilnadu, among them Cuddalore district is one of the important districts, since the number of villages is more in the region and most of them depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Awareness about insurance policies among rural people is lower than people in urban areas. The researcher will specifically consider life insurance products in the insurance sector. Hence the researcher has intended to assess the awareness level of rural people in the study area on various aspects of life insurance products. The researcher will analyse the purchase behaviour of rural people in the study area towards life insurance products.
Analysis of Strategic Management and its Impact in Aviation Industry with Special Reference to Oman Air, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Mohandoss Karthik , Muthuraman Balamurugan
Published: April 2019

The study mainly focuses on the aviation sector which is one of the fast-growing sectors that highly contributes to the global economy. In the introductory section, the nature of industry and its evolution are discussed in detail. Oman air is chosen for the study, the internal and external analyses are conducted with the aid of SWOT and PESTLE analysis. Through the environmental analysis, Oman air can obtain a clear picture that is relevant to the industry. The study provides crystal clear information relevant to the competitors in the market and meanwhile the performances of the Oman air in the competitive environment are also analysed through this report. Based on the analysis corporate level as well as business level strategies are formulated by the organization that have been discussed in detail. In the following section recommendations and conclusion have been postulated. Additionally the current challenges and the future trends in the market environment are also touched up through the study.
A Study on Prevalence of Behavioural Addictions among College Students
Authors: Abilash K , Keerthika M , Bharathi S
Published: April 2019

Background: Behavioural addictions is associated with an uncontrollable urge, loss of control, preoccupation with use and despite consequences. Aim: To study the prevalence of behavioural addictions among college students. Methods& Materials: 300 students are served as participants within the age group of 17 to 19 years. Behavioural addiction questionnaire is administered on 300 college students. Results: The pattern of behavioural addiction screening among college students revealed that the presence of high percentage of addictive use for Cell phone (28.6%), Shopping (22.4%), Internet (20.4%) and television (20.6%). There is significant difference between the behavioural addictions and dimensions of behavioural addictions (Craving, loss of control, compulsion and impact on others). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between Eating Addiction and compulsion, Shopping addiction with dimensions of compulsion and impact on others, Sexual addiction with craving and loss of control, cell phone addiction and dimensions of craving, loss of control and impact on others, television addiction with craving, loss of control and impact on others, internet addiction with craving and impact on others.
Local Government and Women
Authors: Rajiakodi M , Sahibram Mallick Dushyantraj
Published: April 2019

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 has made two important provisions for the involvement of women in decision making and preparation of plan for development. Let us elaborate it. This amendment has made a provision that at least one -third of women would be members and chairpersons of the Panchyats at three levels means at Gram Panchayat level, Panchayat Samiti level and Zilla Panchayat level. These women also include from scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. Secondly, Panchayats are also expected to prepare plans for economic development including the 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Scheduled of the constitution. The rural plan prepared by Zilla Parishads would be forwarded to District Planning Committee for preparing a consolidated plan for the rural and urban areas of the district. Now, this was the mandate given by the constitution for development of entire rural areas including women. Women would only be empowered if various developmental works which are undertaken are benefiting women.
Need of Virtual Reality to Enrich Teacher Education
Authors: Nachimuthu K , Revathi A
Published: April 2019

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology which allows a user to interact with a computer-simulated imaginary environment. Users can interact with a virtual environment through the keyboard and mouse or special devices. Virtual reality can be defined as an upcoming technology that makes users feel in a Virtual Environment (VE) by using computer hardware and software. VR provides a different way to see and experience information, one that is dynamic and immediate. This paper explains the different models of VR devices in the world.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of awareness of virtual technology in the B.Ed college student-teachers in the Tamil Nadu State of India. A descriptive survey method to adopt and a total of 350 first year student-teachers from Seven B.Ed Colleges in and around Salem district of Tamil Nadu were selected by using simple random sampling technique. An awareness of virtual technology (AVT) tool with 0.89 reliability and known content validity was used.

The calculated ‘t' value among student-teachers with respect to gender; mobile in the home; to having PC in the home; and net course already passed significantly differ at 0.05 level could be noticed as rejected these hypotheses. Whereas locality and type of college of education are accepted the hypothesis. Postgraduate qualified student teachers had better awareness than undergraduate qualified student-teachers. The author recommends the students may be encouraged to use the network in their home.
Credibility of Teachers - The Decisive Aspect in Building the Credibility of the Institution
Authors: Padmini P
Published: April 2019

The constructed credibility of an institution is primarily dependent upon how the institution is perceived by others. Knowledge and expertise of subject matter, honesty of intent, and concern for others all play into the credibility of an educational institution. There are different criteria generally used by the community to consider an institution a credible one. Credibility in education includes a wide range of issues like the credibility of the teacher, credibility of instructional resources, the credibility of information, and the credibility of research material.

Of all these, the most crucial one is the credibility of the teacher. It is important for a credible institution to have dedicated and qualified teachers. Of course in all the institutions they follow certain prescribed norms for appointing teachers and naturally only qualified teachers are employed. However it is important to probe a little deeper and ask ourselves whether we need qualified teachers or credible teachers. a teacher is always considered the best source of knowledge. In such a situation the credibility of the teacher becomes more important.

A credible teacher is expert and trustworthy person who shapes his pupils. This paper aims to identify and analyse the different factors that would enable the credibility of a teacher and how this credibility of the teacher becomes the decesive aspect in building the credibility of the institution.
Fate of the Runner in Hit-and-run Collisions
Authors: Emsenhuber Alexandre , Asphaug Erik
Published: April 2019

In similar-sized planetary collisions, a significant part of the impactor often misses the target and continues downrange. We follow the dynamical evolution of “runners” from giant impacts to determine their ultimate fate. Surprisingly, runners reimpact their target planets only about half of the time for realistic collisional and dynamical scenarios. Otherwise, they remain in orbit for tens of millions of years (the limit of our N-body calculations) and longer, or they sometimes collide with a different planet than the first one. When the runner does return to collide again with the same target planet, its impact velocity is mainly constrained by the outcome of the prior collision. Impact angle and orientation, however, are unconstrained by the prior collision.
On the Nature of the Compact Sources in IRAS 16293–2422 Seen at Centimeter to Submillimeter Wavelengths
Authors: Hernández-Gómez Antonio , Loinard Laurent , Chandler Claire J. , Rodríguez Luis F. , Zapata Luis A. , Wilner David J. , Ho Paul T. P. , Caux Emmanuel , Quénard David , Bottinelli Sandrine , Brogan Crystal L. , Hartmann Lee , Menten Karl M.
Published: April 2019

We present multi-epoch continuum observations of the Class 0 protostellar system IRAS 16293–2422 taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) at multiple wavelengths between 7 mm and 15 cm (41 GHz down to 2 GHz), as well as single-epoch Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array continuum observations covering the range from 0.4 to 1.3 mm (700 GHz down to 230 GHz). The new VLA observations confirm that source A2 is a protostar driving episodic mass ejections, and reveal the complex relative motion between A2 and A1. The spectrum of component B can be described by a single power law (S

ν
 ∝ ν
2.28) over the entire range from 3 to 700 GHz (10 cm down to 0.4 mm), suggesting that the emission is entirely dominated by dust even at λ = 10 cm. Finally, the size of source B appears to increase with frequency up to 41 GHz, remaining roughly constant (at 0.″39 ≡ 55 au) at higher frequencies. We interpret this as evidence that source B is a dusty structure of finite size that becomes increasingly optically thick at higher frequencies until, in the millimeter regime, the source becomes entirely optically thick. The lack of excess free–free emission at long wavelengths, combined with the absence of high-velocity molecular emission, indicates that source B does not drive a powerful outflow, and might indicate that source B is at a particularly early stage of its evolution.
Temporal Evolution of the Latitude and Energy Dependence of the Energetic Neutral Atom Spectral Indices Measured by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) Over the First Nine Years
Authors: Desai M. I. , Dayeh M. A. , Allegrini F. , McComas D. J. , Funsten H. , Heerikhuisen J. , Fuselier S. A. , Pogorelov N. , Schwadron N. A. , Zank G. P. , Zirnstein E. J. , Sokół J. M. , Tokumaru M. , Bzowski M. , Kubiak M A. , Reisenfeld D. B.
Published: April 2019

We surveyed the temporal evolution of the latitude and energy dependence of the ∼0.5–6 keV energetic neutral atom (ENA) spectral indices in the globally distributed flux (GDF) observed by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer from 2009 to 2017. We show that (1) the ENA fluxes in the GDF diminish substantially at all latitudes from 2009 to 2016, with the largest decreases occurring above ∼2.73 keV in the northern hemisphere; and (2) the latitudinal ordering of the >1.36 keV ENA spectral indices during 2009–2013 is disrupted during 2014–2017, with the indices exhibiting a north–south asymmetry. This north–south asymmetry is due to the asymmetric decrease in the GDF and the resulting occurrence of significantly steeper spectra in the northern hemisphere. The latitudinal organization of the ENA spectral indices during 2009–2013 and its disruption during 2013–2017 are remarkably similar to that of the solar wind (SW) speed profile observed in the inner heliosphere, thus confirming that the latitudinal profile of the ENA spectral indices in the GDF is a direct manifestation of the SW latitudinal speed profile following a ∼2–3 yr delay due to the SW-ENA recycling time. Based on these results and the SW speed profiles during 2014–2017, we speculate that the ENA spectral indices during 2018–2020 will not exhibit the systematic latitudinal ordering observed during 2009–2014, but instead will show relatively constant and similar values at all energies and all latitudes. There may also be a small north–south asymmetry wherein the northern hemisphere ENA spectra will be slightly flatter compared to those in the southern hemisphere.
Why Does the Solar Corona Abnormally Rotate Faster Than the Photosphere?
Authors: Li K. J. , Xu J. C. , Yin Z. Q. , Feng W.
Published: April 2019

Coronal heating is a big question for modern astronomy. Daily measurement of 985 solar spectral irradiances (SSIs) at the spectral intervals 1–39 and 116–2416 nm during 2003 March 1 to 2017 October 28 is utilized to investigate characteristics of solar rotation in the solar atmosphere by means of the Lomb–Scargle periodogram method to calculate their power spectra. The rotation period of coronal plasma is determined to be 26.3 days, and that of the solar atmosphere at the bottom of the photosphere modulated by magnetic structures is 27.5 days. Here we report for the first time that, unexpectedly, the coronal atmosphere is found to rotate faster than the underlying photosphere. When time series of SSIs are divided into different cycles as well as the ascending and descending periods of a solar cycle, the rotation rate in the corona is also found to be larger than that in the photosphere, and this actually uncovers hidden evidence: it is small-scale magnetic activity that heats the corona.
Transits of Inclined Exomoons—Hide and Seek and an Application to Kepler-1625
Authors: Martin David V. , Fabrycky Daniel C. , Montet Benjamin T.
Published: April 2019

A Neptune-sized exomoon candidate was recently announced by Teachey & Kipping, orbiting a 287 day gas giant in the Kepler-1625 system. However, the system is poorly characterized and needs more observations to be confirmed, with the next potential transit in 2019 May. In this Letter, we aid observational follow up by analyzing the transit signature of exomoons. We derive a simple analytic equation for the transit probability and use it to demonstrate how exomoons may frequently avoid transit if their orbit is larger than the stellar radius and sufficiently misaligned. The nominal orbit for the moon in Kepler-1625 has both of these characteristics, and we calculate that it may only transit ≈40% of the time. This means that ≈six non-transits would be required to rule out the moon’s existence at 95% confidence. When an exomoon’s impact parameter is displaced off the star, the planet’s impact parameter is displaced the other way, so larger planet transit durations are typically positively correlated with missed exomoon transits. On the other hand, strong correlations do not exist between missed exomoon transits and transit timing variations of the planet. We also show that nodal precession does not change an exomoon’s transit probability and that it can break a prograde-retrograde degeneracy.
Supermassive Binaries in Quasars and BL Lac Objects: Electromagnetic and Gravitational Wave Emissions
Authors: Cavaliere A. , Tavani M. , Munar-Adrover P. , Argan A.
Published: April 2019

The search in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for supermassive binary systems with total mass M ∼ 108–109
M
⊙ is intertwined with the observational efforts aimed at their contributions to the stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs). Here we discuss and compare two classes of AGNs that are outstanding in electromagnetic bands: bright, relatively distant and massive quasars, and closer jetted and less massive BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). Among the latter, we focus on the source PG 1553+113 at redshift z ≃ 0.5, one of the best periodic candidates so far, that features a five-fold repetitive pattern of period P = 2.2 yr recurring in its gamma-ray light curve, as continuously monitored by Fermi-LAT for over 9 yr and updated here to 2018 March 15. We discuss this object as an interesting candidate for hosting a supermassive binary source of GWs, and explore the possible contributions to the GW stochastic background from it and similar sources in the BL Lac class. We find the possible contributions of such sources to lie below the limits set by the current Pulsar Timing Arrays, but well within the reach of the upcoming Square Kilometer Array.
Simulating the Dark Matter Decay Signal from the Perseus Galaxy Cluster
Authors: Lovell Mark R. , Iakubovskyi Dmytro , Barnes David , Bose Sownak , Frenk Carlos S. , Theuns Tom , Hellwing Wojciech A.
Published: April 2019

The nearby Perseus galaxy cluster is a key target for indirect detection searches for decaying dark matter. We use the C-EAGLE simulations of galaxy clusters to predict the flux, width, and shape of a dark matter decay line, paying particular attention to the unexplained 3.55 keV line detected in the spectra of some galaxies and clusters, and the upcoming XRISM X-ray observatory mission. We show that the line width in C-EAGLE clusters similar to Perseus is typically [600–800] 

, and therefore narrower than the amplitude of the velocity dispersion of galaxies in the cluster. Halos that are significantly disturbed can, however, exhibit galaxy velocity dispersions higher than 1000 

, and in this case will show a large difference between the line profiles of on- and off-center observations. We show that the line profile is likely to be slightly asymmetric, but still well approximated by a Gaussian at the 10% level, and that the halo asymmetry can lead to fluxes that vary by a factor of two. In summary, we predict that, if the previously reported 3.55 keV line detections do originate from dark matter decay, the XRISM mission will detect a line with a roughly Gaussian profile at a rest-frame energy of 3.55 keV, with a width >600

 and flux approximately in the range

.
Turning up the Heat on ‘Oumuamua
Authors: Forbes John C. , Loeb Abraham
Published: April 2019

We explore what may be learned by close encounters between extrasolar minor bodies like ‘Oumuamua and the Sun. These encounters may yield strong constraints on the bulk composition and possible origin of ‘Oumuamua-like objects. We find that such objects collide with the Sun once every 30 yr, while about two pass within the orbit of Mercury each year. We identify preferred orientations for the orbits of extrasolar objects and point out known solar system bodies with these orientations. We conclude using a simple Bayesian analysis that one of these objects is extrasolar in origin, even if we cannot tell which.
Gas Flows Within Cavities of Circumbinary Disks in Eccentric Binary Protostellar Systems
Authors: Mösta Philipp , Taam Ronald E. , Duffell Paul C.
Published: April 2019

The structure and evolution of gas flows within the cavity of a circumbinary disk (CBD) surrounding the stellar components in eccentric binaries are examined via two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. The degree to which gas fills the cavity between the circumstellar disks (CSDs) and the CBD is found to be greater for highly eccentric systems, in comparison to low-eccentricity systems, reflecting the spatial extent over which mass enters into the cavity throughout the orbit. The pattern of the gas flow in the cavity differs for eccentric binaries from that of binaries in a circular orbit. In particular, the former reveals tightly wound gas streams and figure-eight-like structures for systems characterized by eccentricies e ≥ 0.4, whereas the latter only reveal relatively loosely bent streams from the CBD to the CSDs. Hence, the description of the stream structures can be a probe of sufficient non-circularity of the binary orbital motion. Given that the inner edge of the CBD is not very well defined for highly eccentric systems due to the complex gas structures, it is suggested that the area of the cavity for high-sensitivity imaging observations may prove to be a more useful diagnostic for probing the effectiveness of CBD clearing in the future.
NuSTAR Measurement of Coronal Temperature in Two Luminous, High-redshift Quasars
Authors: Lanzuisi G. , Gilli R. , Cappi M. , Dadina M. , Bianchi S. , Brusa M. , Chartas G. , Civano F. , Comastri A. , Marinucci A. , Middei R. , Piconcelli E. , Vignali C. , Brandt W. N. , Tombesi F. , Gaspari M.
Published: April 2019

X-ray emission from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is believed to be produced via Comptonization of optical/ultraviolet seed photons emitted by the accretion disk, upscattered by hot electrons in a corona surrounding the black hole. A critical compactness versus temperature threshold is predicted above which any increase in the source luminosity, for a fixed size, would then generate positron–electron pairs rather than continue heating the coronal plasma. Current observations seem to confirm that all AGNs populate the region below this critical line. These models, however, have never been probed by observations in the high-luminosity regime, where the critical line is expected to reach low temperatures. To fill this observational gap, we selected two luminous (log(L
Bol) > 47.5 erg s−1) quasars, 2MASSJ1614346+470420 (z = 1.86) and B1422+231 (z = 3.62), and obtained XMM–Newton and NuSTAR deep observations for them. We performed detailed spectral analysis of their quasisimultaneous soft and hard X-ray data, in order to constrain the parameters of their coronae. Using a phenomenological cutoff power-law model, with the inclusion of a reflection component, we derived rest-frame values of the high-energy cutoff of E
cut = 

keV and E
cut = 

keV, respectively. Comptonization models consistently give as best-fit parameters electron temperatures of ∼45 keV and ∼28 keV, respectively, and optically thick coronae (τ > 1). These low coronal temperatures fall in the limited region allowed at these luminosities to avoid runaway pair production.
Neonatal Growth, Neurotrophine, Zinc, and Ferritin Concentration in Normal and Iron Deficience Pregnancy: An Observational Analitic Study
Authors: Yusrawati Yusrawati , Defrin Defrin , Karmia Hudila Rifa
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Anemia in pregnancy was one of the national problems. Insufficient iron deposits before pregnancy and inadequate iron intake during pregnancy could lead to iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy, followed by iron deficiency in neonates.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the molecular relationship of maternal iron deficiency with the function of the neonatal central nervous system to know the cognitive aspects of learning ability of children.
METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design underwent in RSUP Dr M. Djamil Padang, RSI Ibnu Sina Padang, and RSU BMC Padang. The sample size was 80 pregnant women at term. After a maternal and neonatal physical examination, maternal and umbilical blood samples were obtained to assess maternal ferritin levels and neonates ferritin, neurotrophin and zinc levels using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The independent sample t-test was performed to assess the relationship for normally distributed data and Mann-Whitney test for abnormal data distribution with significance level p < 0.05.
RESULTS: There were differences in mean neonatal ferritin (p < 0.001), neonatal neurotrophin (p < 0.001), and neonatal zinc (p < 0.001) to normal maternal ferritin levels (≥ 15 μg/ml) and low maternal ferritin levels (< 15 μg/ml). The difference in mean neonatal head circumference (0.92; CI95% -0.79-0.98) was associated with neonatal ferritin levels.
CONCLUSIONS: The mean neonatal ferritin, neurotrophin, and zinc levels were found lower in iron deficiency maternal. Maternal iron deficiency correlates with neonate growth, iron deficiency, and neurotrophin expression that affected neonate cognition.
P53 and Survival Rate in Penile Cancer
Authors: Prapiska Fauriski Febrian , Warli Syah Mirsya
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Penile cancer accounts for 0.4-0.6% of all malignancy in men in Europe and the United States of America. It also accounts for 10% of all malignancy in men in some Asian, South American, and African countries. P53 protein has the function to regulate apoptosis in the cell cycle. Therefore, the presence of p53 in cells may indicate higher proliferative activity of the cells as a feedback mechanism, indicating disease progression.
AIM: This study aims to identify the association between p53 expression and survival rate in penile cancer patients.
METHODS: This study was a retrospective observational analytic study. This study was conducted in Pathology Anatomy Laboratory Faculty of the Medicine University of Sumatera Utara/Haji Adam Malik Hospital/University of Sumatera Utara Hospital to assess p53 expression. This study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018.
RESULTS: The total subjects in this study were 33 with the mean age of 50.79 ± 10.62. Based on clinical stage, patients in this study are divided into 11 patients (33.3%) in stage T II and 22 patients (66.7%) in stage T III/T IV. P53 expression was positive in 13 patients (35.3%). There were 19 patients (57.6) alive and 14 patients (42.4%) deceased. Statistical analysis using chi-square showed that there was an association between p53 expression and mortality (p = 0.011). In the Kaplan-Meier Curve for 3-year overall survival based on p53 expression, the survival rate in 36 months in the p53 positive group is 18%, while in p53 negative group, the survival rate was 60%. The survival rate based on p53 status was significantly different (p = 0.025).
CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between p53 expression and mortality in penile cancer patients. In conclusion, p53 expression in penile cancer cells examined by immunohistochemistry may show prognostic values in the disease progression.
The Assessment of Drug Utilization Study of Anticancer Drugs Using WHO Prescribing Indicators in a Government Tertiary Care Hospital of the Hyderabad - Karnataka Region of India
Authors: Bepari Asmatanzeem , Sakre Nayana , Rahman Ishrat , Niazi Shaik Kalimulla , Dervesh Asmabi M.
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major burden and threat to global society. A wide range of chemotherapeutic agents is extensively used to treat cancer at different stages. Inappropriate drug use may also lead to the raised cost of medical care, adverse drug effects, and patient mortality. Hence, in recent years, drug utilisation studies have become a potential tool to be used in the evaluation of different health care systems including cancer.
AIMS: The objectives of the study were to identify the various types of cancer, the commonly prescribed drugs, rational use of anticancer drugs, and analyse the prescribing indicators in a tertiary care government hospital of India.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed cancer and/or known case of carcinoma of either sex which required treatment/on treatment with chemotherapy aged > 18 yrs admitted in Radiotherapy Department from April 2016 to September 2016 were included in the study and analysed for prescribing indicators.
RESULTS: The head & neck cancers were the prevalent cancers observed with more preponderance among males. Most of the patients were prescribed with a single anticancer drug. Cisplatin was the most commonly used cytotoxic drug followed by carboplatin, and antimetabolites. The most commonly used adjuvant drugs in our study were anti-emetics and anti-peptic ulcer drugs. Over 82% of anticancer agents were taken from the essential drug list and were prescribed in generic names, indicating rational use.
CONCLUSION: Over 82% of anticancer agents were taken from the essential drug list and were prescribed in generic names, indicating rational use.
Predictors of Caesarean Delivery in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Stancu Samantha Mc Kenzie , Ash Liran Kobi , Smeding Cynthia , Alwan Maisa Abdullah
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (P-PROM) exerts a tremendous influence on pregnancy prognosis. Additionally, it is a major public health concern, as the cause of up to 40% of all preterm births.
AIM: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of Caesarean Delivery in singleton pregnancies complicated by P-PROM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of all consecutive singleton P-PROM deliveries (24-37 weeks) over an 18 months at a tertiary referral centre. Pertinent data was collected comprising demographics, obstetric history, pregnancy-associated pathology and delivery from electronic patient records.  Univariate statistical analysis comprised Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence interval and Chi-square test with subsequent p-value with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS: A total of 240 women delivered singletons following P-PROM over an 18-month period. Maternal age ranged between 12-41 years with an average age of 28 ± 6.27 years. Vaginal delivery (VD) was the predominant mode of delivery, accounting for 52.9% (n = 127) of deliveries. The following parameters were identified as predictors of Caesarean Section (CS) in P-PROM: vaginal infection (p = 0.04), previous CS (p < 0.0001), primiparity (p = 0.004), gravidity > 5 (p = 0.009), university education (p = 0.0006) and prenatal care (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: The advantage of CS over vaginal delivery is expedited delivery of the distressed fetus, while that of vaginal delivery entails avoiding postoperative morbidity. However, large multicentric randomised-controlled studies are needed to elucidate this dilemma definitively.