bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parteien zur Wissenschaft
Authors: Müller‐Plathe Florian
Published: May 2010

Was versprechen die Parteien den Wissenschaftlern und Wissenschaftlerinnen? Welche hochfliegenden Pläne setzen die Gewinner nach der Wahl ‐ die Zustimmung des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes nach Redaktionsschluss vorausgesetzt ‐ in die Realität um? Eine Prüfung der Wahlplattformen (s. Tabelle auf Seite 882) bringt Ernüchterung.
Mit neuen Strukturen fit für den Wettbewerb
Authors: Ittlig August
Published: May 2010

Im Zuge einer Neuorganisation von Bayer wurden im vergangenen Jahr die meisten der Chemie‐und etwa ein Drittel der Kunststoffaktitviäten ausgegliedert und in die neu gegründete Lanxess überführt. Der neue Chemiekonzern setzt auf Restrukturierung.
LC‐MS/MS in der Wirkstoffsuche
Authors: Bock Udo , Jalal Mohamed Tawfik , Nixdorf Andreas , Haltner‐Ukomadu Eleonore , Steffens Klaus‐Jürgen
Published: May 2010

In der frühen Phase der Arzneimittelentwicklung mit einer großen Zahl an Wirkstoffkandidaten sind schnelle Analysenmethoden gefragt. Hier hat sich die LC‐MS/MS‐Kopplung durchgesetzt. Allerdings muss die Methodenentwicklung Effekte der Probenmatrix berücksichtigen.
UV‐LEDs für die zeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenzspektroskopie
Authors: Bülter Andreas
Published: May 2010

Zeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenzmessungen an intrinsischen Fluorophoren sind vor allem bei biochemischen Fragestellungen von Interesse. Bisher war die notwendige UV‐Anregung nur mit komplexen Lasersystemen möglich. Inzwischen gibt es dazu eine neue Generation von UV‐LEDs.
Referenzmaterialien ‐Instrumente der Oualitätssicherung
Authors: Nehis Irene
Published: May 2010

Bei der Qualitätssicherung in der analytischen Chemie geht nichts ohne Referenzmaterialien. Es ist eine der Aufgaben der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung, solche Materialien herzustellen und zu zertifizieren.
BIOTECHNICA 2005
Authors: Schleidt Silvia
Published: May 2010

Vom 18. bis 20. Oktober findet in Hannover die 14. Internationale Fachmesse für Biotechnologie statt.
8. Steinheimer Gespräche
Authors: Krüger Anke , Schmidt Annette M.
Published: May 2010

Anfang Juni fanden in Steinheim bei Frankfurt auf Einladung des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie die 8. Steinheimer Gespräche für den Hochschullehrernachwuchs statt. Wie schon im letzten Jahr führte Hans Jürgen Wernicke (Süd‐Chemie) durch das Programm, das neben den Vorträgen der vom Fonds geförderten Liebig‐ und Dozentenstipendiaten sowie Juniorprofessoren Beiträge, zur Rolle der Chemie in der Gesellschaft, zur Perspektive der chemischen Industrie und Forschung in Deutschland sowie zu Fördermöglichkeiten umfasste.
Forschung, Lebensweise und Traditionen in Japan
Authors: Stefan Madalina
Published: May 2010

Aus Anlass des Deutschlandjahres in Japan 2005/2006 haben die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker und die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft zehn jungen Wissenschaftlern die Chance gegeben, zwei Monate in Japan zu arbeiten. Madalina Stefan berichtet.
IfOK in der nächsten Runde
Authors: Hagemann Bernhard
Published: May 2010

Auf dem Campus der Universität Rostock steht seit kurzem ein Gebäude, das zu den modernsten in der Katalyseforschung zählt: Als Transferstelle zwischen der Grundlagenforschung von Universitäten und Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft sowie einer Reihe von industriellen Anwendern hat sich das Leibniz‐Institut für Organische Katalyse neu positioniert.
Gegen Bürokratie, für nachhaltige Qualitätssicherung
Authors: Herrmann Wolfgang A
Published: May 2010

Die Akkreditierung der neuen Studiengänge in Deutschland ist zu schwerfällig und zu teuer und orientiert sich nicht an internationalen Standards.
Eine offene NMR‐Datenbank
Authors: Steinbeck Christoph , Kuhn Stefan
Published: May 2010

NMRShiftDB ist eine freie Datenbank für organische Verbindungen und die ihnen zugeordneten NMR‐Spektren. Sie bietet die Möglichkeit zur Spektren‐ und Struktursuche sowie zur Vorhersage von chemischen Verschiebungen und hilft so bei der Identifizierung, Charakterisierung und Strukturaufklärung von unbekannten Verbindungen.
Kunststoffe, Hydrauliköle, Fasern und Schmiermittel
Authors: Festel Gunter , Foth Oliver
Published: May 2010

Biopolymere verlassen ihre Nische. Wie weit kommen Sie voran?
Hitlers Bombe?
Authors: Herrmann Günter
Published: May 2010

60 Jahre nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, pünktlich zum traurigen Jubiläum des Abwurfs der ersten Atombombe auf Hiroshima, erschien ein Buch, dessen Autor wissen will, dass auch das NS‐Regime kurz davor stand, ein solches Massenvernichtungsmittel einsetzen zu können. Doch in Deutschland gab es weder ein geschlossenes Atomprojekt noch spaltbares Material in ausreichender Menge.
Materials at the interface of biology and chemistry
Authors: Gross Michael
Published: May 2010

Materials scientists should take a leaf out of Nature's book but which leaves are the right ones?
Zwei Säulen in einem System
Authors: Potyka Ute
Published: May 2010

Für die chromatographische Trennung von Proben mit chemisch unterschiedlichen Inhaltsstoffen sind auch unterschiedliche Säulen erforderlich. Mit zwei Säulen in einem GC/MS‐System lassen sich Umbauzeiten vermeiden.
Elementanalytik im Ultraspurenbereich
Authors: Paprott Cerhard , Vogel Werner , Schweer Johannes
Published: May 2010

Die Hochauflösungs‐ICP‐MS unterdrückt Masseninterferenzen und kann so Elemente wie Arsen selbst in Gegenwart von Chlorid empfindlich und quantitativ nachweisen.
„Ich will den Anrufer auf die richtige Fährte bringen”︁
Authors: Mangold Claudia
Published: May 2010

Seit Anfang des Jahres berät Christian Vogt, Fachanwalt fär Arbeitsrecht, GDCh‐Mitglieder am Telefon. Die Hotline bietet Ratsuchenden in zehn Minuten erste Orientierung. Was in dieser Gesprächszeit alles möglich ist, wollten die Nachrichten aus der Chemie von dem Rechtsanwalt wissen.
Leveraging Coordination in Project-Based Activities: What Can We Learn from Military Teamwork?
Authors: Godé-Sanchez Cécile
Published: May 2010

Literature in project management widely recognizes the critical role played by coordination in ensuring the success of project-based activities. However, partly due to some contingency theory limitations, understanding of how coordination occurs under extreme conditions remains interesting to investigate. This article questions the opportunities for learning lessons from the coordination within small military teams. More specifically, it explores coordination practices developed by fighter aircrews and ground forces when they achieve air-to-ground operations in Afghanistan. In these conditions, team members often challenge the usual coordination patterns and enact new practices and managerial solutions that can be consequential for a project team's learning process.
The relation between illness cognitions and quality of life in people with and without a stoma following rectal cancer treatment
Authors: Bossema Ercolie R. , Seuntiëns Marina W. M. , Marijnen Corrie A. M. , Baas‐Thijssen Monique C. M. , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , Stiggelbout Anne M.
Published: May 2010

Objectives: To compare health‐related quality of life, emotional functioning and illness cognitions between people with and without a stoma after rectal cancer treatment about 8 years ago and to examine the relation between illness cognitions and health‐related quality of life and emotional functioning.

Methods: Sixty‐two people who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with a permanent stoma and 60 people who had undergone low anterior resection without a permanent stoma participated. Questionnaires included the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire—C30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Illness Cognition Questionnaire.

Results: There were no significant differences between people with and without a stoma in health‐related quality of life, emotional functioning and illness cognitions. There were moderate and significant relations between the illness cognitions helplessness (negative) and disease acceptance (positive) on the one hand and health‐related quality of life and emotional functioning on the other. For helplessness this relation barely differed between people with and without a stoma, but for disease acceptance this relation was stronger for people without a stoma than for people with a stoma.

Conclusions: The study showed no differences in health‐related quality of life, but a stronger relation between disease acceptance and health‐related quality of life for people without a stoma than for people with a stoma. If this relation is causal, people with negative illness cognitions after rectal cancer treatment might be identified and offered help. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure, magnetic, and optical properties in Zn0.98−xCu0.02FexO diluted magnetic semiconductors
Authors: Liu Huilian , Yang Jinghai , Hua Zhong , Zhang Yongjun , Yang Lili , Wang Dandan
Published: May 2010

Cu‐doped and Cu, Fe codoped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) powders samples were synthesized by the sol–gel method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the Zn0.985Cu0.02O and Zn0.95Fe0.03Cu0.02O samples were of single phase with the ZnO‐like wurtzite structure. Magnetic measurements indicated that room‐temperature ferromagnetism of Zn0.98Cu0.02O was intrinsic in nature and the saturation magnetization of Zn0.98Cu0.02O DMSs increased after Fe doping. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed that the intensity of the ultraviolet (UV) emission band and the visible‐light emission band of Zn0.95Cu0.02Fe0.03O samples increased and the UV emission peak exhibited blue shift compared to Zn0.98Cu0.02O samples.
A coupling of rapid crystallization and plastic consolidation as a method for mass scale production of bulk submicrocrystalline aluminum alloys
Authors: Dybiec Henryk
Published: May 2010

Rapid crystallization is a well‐known method for production of ultrafine‐grained metallic materials using the overcooling effect. Unfortunately, this method provides material in dispersed form with very limited dimensions of individual particles, which must be consolidated to bulk form for engineering use. To prevent destabilization of ultrafine‐grain structure of polycrystalline particles the consolidation process should to be quick enough and must be conducted at reasonably low temperatures. Such reasons suggest the process of plastic consolidation. In this process plastic deformation of individual particles develops new surfaces in status nascendi, which is able to create strong bonds between collectively deformed particles of dispersed materials and converts the powder to the bulk form. The plastic consolidation by isothermal extrusion is the agglomeration process of plastically deformable particles without involving diffusion effects. Bulk materials with no measurable porosity are the product of this process, in which the character of interaction among individual particles of powder shows similar character to interaction at grain boundaries in polycrystalline metals.
Solution processed ZnO – Challenges in processing and performance on flexible substrates
Authors: Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Dilfer Stefan , Issanin Alexander , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: May 2010

Thin films of the semiconductor ZnO were be obtained by thermal decomposition of the complex diaqua‐bis[2‐(methoxyimino)‐propanato]‐zinc(II) to nanoscale ZnO at moderate temperatures. This single source precursor is suitable for spincoating and inkjet printing on polymer substrates like polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) transparencies on which the conversion to ZnO has been performed. The influence of different drying procedures and conversion temperatures to the active semiconductor material ZnO on the film morphology and the electronic performance in field effect transistors is studied.

magnified image
Auxetic properties and anisotropy of elastic material constants of 2D crystalline media [Phys. Status Solidi B 245, No. 3, 562–569 (2008)]
Authors: Jasiukiewicz Cz. , Paszkiewicz T. , Wolski S.
Published: May 2010

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Differences between chloro‐carbon and hydro‐carbon precursors in low‐temperature epitaxial growth of 4H‐SiC
Authors: Kotamraju Siva , Krishnan Bharat , Koshka Yaroslav
Published: May 2010

The advantages of using the chlorinated carbon precursor chloromethane instead of the hydrocarbon precursor propane in low‐temperature (1300 °C) epitaxial growth of 4H‐SiC were investigated. Chloromethane was found to provide a much wider process window for variation of the C/Si ratio between the lower boundary corresponding to the formation of condensed silicon face and the upper boundary corresponding to polytype inclusions and polycrystalline degradation, which is critical for achieving high growth rates without epilayer quality degradation. Use of a high Cl/Si ratio provided by HCl addition in the propane‐based epitaxial growth did not eliminate the critical differences between chloro‐carbon and hydro‐carbon precursors. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Successful use of albuterol in a patient with central core disease and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Schreuder L. T. W. , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden M. W. G. , de Hair A. , Peters G. , Wortmann S. , Bok L. A. , Morava E.
Published: May 2010

Albuterol, a selective beta‐adrenergic agonist, has been used experimentally in combination with exercise therapy in a few inherited neuromuscular disorders to increase muscle strength and muscle volume . We report on a 9‐year‐old boy with central core disease and mitochondrial dysfunction due to compound heterozygous RYR1 mutations receiving albuterol treatment for 1 year. Throughout the period of albuterol administration, the patient underwent an aerobic exercise regime of training sessions three times a week that lasted 20 min each. No side effects of albuterol use were seen. Significant clinical progress, including self care, sitting up, raising arms above the shoulders, independent feeding, and better speech and writing were observed compared with minimal development of these abilities in the previous years on physiotherapy. Improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) score was detected and increased muscle strength was noted: progress was measured using various functional tests and assessment scales. The only complication observed was a mild progression of the joint contractures, possibly due to an unbalance between the flexor and extensor musculature. In general, in this pilot study in a complex case of metabolic myopathy our patient has shown promising results following albuterol treatment and aerobic exercise therapy.
Antioxidant dysfunction: potential risk for neurotoxicity in ethylmalonic aciduria
Authors: Pedersen Christina B. , Zolkipli Zarazuela , Vang Søren , Palmfeldt Johan , Kjeldsen Margrethe , Stenbroen Vibeke , Schmidt Stinne P. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Ruiter Jos P. N. , Wibrand Flemming , Tein Ingrid , Gregersen Niels
Published: May 2010

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central to the molecular basis of several human diseases associated with neuromuscular disabilities. We hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to the neuromuscular symptoms observed in patients with ethylmalonic aciduria and homozygosity for ACADS c.625G>A‐a common variant of the short‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (SCAD) enzyme in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation pathway. This study sought to identify the specific factors that initiate cell dysfunction in these patients. We investigated fibroblast cultures from 10 patients with neuromuscular disabilities, elevated levels of ethylmalonic acid (EMA) (>50 mmol/mol creatinine), and ACADS c.625G>A homozygosity. Functional analyses, i.e., ACADS gene and protein expression as well as SCAD enzyme activity measurements, were performed together with a global nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (nano‐LC‐MS/MS)‐based screening of the mitochondrial proteome in patient fibroblasts. Moreover, cell viability of patient fibroblasts exposed to menadione‐induced oxidative stress was evaluated. Loss of SCAD function was detected in the patient group, most likely due to decreased ACADS gene expression and/or elimination of misfolded SCAD protein. Analysis of the mitochondrial proteome in patient fibroblasts identified a number of differentially expressed protein candidates, including reduced expression of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Additionally, patient fibroblasts demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity to oxidative stress than control fibroblasts. We propose that reduced mitochondrial antioxidant capacity is a potential risk factor for ACADS c.625G>A‐associated ethylmalonic aciduria and that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the neurotoxicity observed in patients.
Reliability and Validity of a Survey to Evaluate Attitudes and Behaviours of Pharmacy Staff toward near Misses
Authors: Raymond Colette B. , Miller Sarah H. , Wheaton Hannah R. , Honcharik Nicholas
Published: May 2010

The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes and behaviours of pharmacy staff toward near misses through a survey and interviews. Themes of an acknowledgment of pharmacy process changes resulting from near miss reporting, feelings of personal responsibility, minimizing the importance of reporting near misses, and a need for further education were evident in both the survey and qualitative discussions. This survey is useful to inform educational efforts and to encourage near miss reporting.
Liberals, Radicals and Social Politics 1892–1914
Authors: Emy H. V.
Published: May 2010

In this study of the changes in the social and political thought of the Edwardian Liberal Party, Dr Emy charts the process of internal conversion by which the Party came to favour an advanced social policy. He links these changes with important developments in the internal composition of the Party, in particular the emergence of a new group of social radicals, and claims that these two factors were responsible for the Liberals' commitment to advanced measures of social reform. The author also maintains that the entry of the social radicals into Parliament marks the origins of a significant debate in modern British politics - the economic problem. He argues that the central issue of the problem - the degree to which social and moral priorities are both entitled to and are able to displace the primacy of deterministic economic assumptions about how society must work - was the critical issue of post-1906 politics, and also came to form the touchstone of modern party allegiances.
Labour and the Left in the 1930s
Authors: Pimlott Ben
Published: May 2010

The 1930s was the decade of the Jarrow March and the International Brigade - the 'Red Decade' of literary imagination. Yet there has seldom been a time when the influence of the British Left has been at a lower ebb. Why was this? In this book Ben Pimlott suggests answers, and challenges established myths about left-wing politics during a crucial period. Pimlott's study is concerned with the relationship between ideas and political action. The author is interested in the distinction which can be drawn between 'expressive' and 'instrumental' approaches to political behaviour, and a central theme is that the 'expressive' politics of some sections of the Left had an ironic effect of hindering the achievement of widely shared goals.
The Legal Framework of English Feudalism
Authors: Milsom S.F.C.
Published: May 2010

Professor Milsom works out a fresh view of the beginnings of the common law concerning land. The received picture depends upon progressive assumptions: key words began with their later meanings; the law began with abstract ideas of property; a tenant's title to his tenement was never subject to his lord's control; the lord had no discretion, only the power to decide disputes according to external criteria; jurisdiction in that sense was all the lord lost as royal remedies developed; and all the tenant gained was better protection of unaltered rights. It is a picture of procedural changes taking place against an unchanging background, with the feudal structure at the beginning almost as insubstantial as it was to be at the end.
Neostoicism and the Early Modern State
Authors: Oestreich Gerhard
Published: May 2010

Neostoicism was one of the most important intellectual movements of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It started in the Protestant Netherlands during the revolt against Catholic Spain. Very quickly it began to influence both the theory and practice of politics in many parts of Europe. It proved to be particularly useful and appropriate to the early modern militaristic states; for, on the basis of the still generally accepted humanistic values of classical antiquity, it promoted a strong central power in the state, raised above the conflicting doctrines of the theologians. Characteristically, a great part of Neostoic writing was concerned with the nationally organized military institutions of the state. Its aim was the general improvement of social discipline and the education of the citizen to both the exercise and acceptance of bureaucracy, controlled economic life and a large army.
Philosophy and the Good Life
Authors: Cottingham John
Published: May 2010

Can philosophy enable us to lead better lives through a systematic understanding of our human nature? John Cottingham's thought-provoking 1998 study examines the contrasting approaches to this problem found in three major phases of Western philosophy. Starting with the attempts of Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics and Epicureans to cope with the recalcitrant forces of the passions, he moves on to examine the fascinating and hitherto little-studied moral psychology of Descartes, and his effort to integrate the physical and emotional aspects of our humanity into a rational blueprint for fulfilment. He concludes by analysing the insights of modern psychoanalytic theory into the human predicament, arguing that philosophy neglects them at its peril if it hopes to come to terms with the complex relationship between reason and the emotions. Lucid in exposition and unusually wide-ranging in scope, Philosophy and the Good Life provides a challenging perspective on moral philosophy and psychology for students and specialists alike.
The Mathematics of Behavior
Authors: Hunt Earl
Published: May 2010

Mathematical thinking provides a clear, crisp way of defining problems. Our whole technology is based on it. What is less appreciated is that mathematical thinking can also be applied to problems in the social and behavioral sciences. This book illustrates how mathematics can be used to understand human and animal behavior, using examples in psychology, sociology, economics, ecology, and even marriage counseling.
Local Cohomology
Authors: Brodmann M. P. , Sharp R. Y.
Published: May 2010

This book provides a careful and detailed algebraic introduction to Grothendieck's local cohomology theory, and provides many illustrations of applications of the theory in commutative algebra and in the geometry of quasi-affine and quasi-projective varieties. Topics covered include Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, the Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem for projective varieties, and connections between local cohomology and both reductions of ideals and sheaf cohomology. It is designed for graduate students who have some experience of basic commutative algebra and homological algebra, and also for experts in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry.
Phyllotaxis
Authors: Jean Roger V.
Published: May 2010

Phyllotaxis, the study of the patterns exhibited by leaves and other organs of plants, raises some of the deepest questions of plant morphogenesis. What principles of biological organisation produce these dynamical geometric systems? The constant occurrence of the Fibonacci sequence in such systems is a phenomenon that has fascinated botanists and mathematicians for centuries. In this book, first published in 1994, the many facets of phyllotaxis are dealt with in an integrated manner for the first time. The author describes a unified concept of phyllotaxis based on experimental, anatomical, cellular, physiological and paleontological observations. The book provides a framework for formal analyses of botanical data and emphasises the relevance of the phyllotactic paradigm in the study of other structures, such as crystals and proteins. It is of interest to cystallographers and physicists as well as to botanists and mathematicians.
Inquiring about God
Authors: Wolterstorff Nicholas
Published: May 2010

Inquiring about God is the first of two volumes of Nicholas Wolterstorff's collected papers. This volume collects Wolterstorff's essays on the philosophy of religion written over the last thirty-five years. The essays, which span a range of topics including Kant's philosophy of religion, the medieval (or classical) conception of God, and the problem of evil, are unified by the conviction that some of the central claims made by the classical theistic tradition, such as the claims that God is timeless, simple, and impassible, should be rejected. Still, Wolterstorff contends, rejecting the classical conception of God does not imply that theists should accept the Kantian view according to which God cannot be known. Of interest to both philosophers and theologians, Inquiring about God should give the reader a lively sense of the creative and powerful work done in contemporary philosophical theology by one of its foremost practitioners.
Globalization and Competition
Authors: Bresser Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2010

Globalization and Competition explains why some middle-income countries, principally those in Asia, grow fast while others are not successful. The author criticizes both old-style developmentalism and the economics of the Washington Consensus. He argues instead for a 'new developmentalism' or third approach that builds on a national development strategy. This approach differs from the neoliberal strategy that rich nations propose to emerging economies principally on macroeconomic grounds. Developing countries face a key obstacle to growth, namely, the tendency to overvaluate foreign exchange. Instead of neutralizing it, the policy that rich countries promote mistakenly seeks growth through foreign savings, which causes additional appreciation of the national currency and often results in financial crises rather than genuine investment.
Ovid's Lovers
Authors: Rimell Victoria
Published: May 2010

Central to Ovid's elegiac texts and his Metamorphoses is his preoccupation with how desiring subjects interact and seduce each other. This major study, which shifts the focus in Ovidian criticism from intertextuality to intersubjectivity, explores the relationship between self and other, and in particular that between male and female worlds, which is at the heart of Ovid's vision of poetry and the imagination. A series of close readings, focusing on both the more celebrated and less studied parts of the corpus, moves beyond the more often-asked questions of Ovid, such as whether he is 'for' or 'against' women, in order to explore how gendered subjects converse, compete and co-create. It illustrates how the tale of Medusa, alongside that of Narcissus, reverberates throughout Ovid's oeuvre, becoming a fundamental myth for his poetics. This book offers a compelling, often troubling portrait of Ovid that will appeal to classicists and all those interested in gender and difference.
Meaning and Identity in a Greek Landscape
Authors: Forbes Hamish
Published: May 2010

In this study, Hamish Forbes explores how Greek villagers have understood and reacted to their landscapes over the centuries, from the late medieval period to the present. Analyzing how they have seen themselves belonging to their local communities and within both local and wider landscapes, Forbes examines how these aspects of belonging have informed each other. Forbes also illuminates cross-disciplinary interests in memory and the importance of monuments. Based on data gathered over 25 years, Forbes' study combines the rich detail of ethnographic field work with historical and archaeological time-depth, showing how landscapes have important meaning beyond the religious sphere in terms of kinship, ideas about the past, and in their role as productive assets.
Foundations of Cryptography
Authors: Goldreich Oded
Published: May 2010

Cryptography is concerned with the conceptualization, definition and construction of computing systems that address security concerns. The design of cryptographic systems must be based on firm foundations. Foundations of Cryptography presents a rigorous and systematic treatment of foundational issues, defining cryptographic tasks and solving cryptographic problems. The emphasis is on the clarification of fundamental concepts and on demonstrating the feasibility of solving several central cryptographic problems, as opposed to describing ad-hoc approaches. This second volume contains a thorough treatment of three basic applications: Encryption, Signatures, and General Cryptographic Protocols. It builds on the previous volume, which provided a treatment of one-way functions, pseudorandomness, and zero-knowledge proofs. It is suitable for use in a graduate course on cryptography and as a reference book for experts. The author assumes basic familiarity with the design and analysis of algorithms; some knowledge of complexity theory and probability is also useful.
Pattern and Process in Host-Parasitoid Interactions
Authors: Hawkins Bradford A.
Published: May 2010

How is the staggering biodiversity of the parasitoid insects maintained? This book, first published in 1994, explores patterns in host-parasitoid interactions, including parasitoid community richness, the importance of parasitoids as mortality factors, and their impact on host densities as determined by the outcomes of parasitoid introductions for biological control. It documents general patterns using data sets generated from the global literature and evaluates potential underlying biological, ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. A theme running throughout the book is the importance of host refuges as a major constraint on host-parasitoid interactions. Much can be learnt from the analysis of broad patterns; a few simple rules can go a long way in explaining the major components of these interactions. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers interested in community ecology, population biology, entomology and biological control.
Child Pornography and Sexual Grooming
Authors: Ost Suzanne
Published: May 2010

Child pornography and sexual grooming provide case study exemplars of problems that society and law have sought to tackle to avoid both actual and potential harm to children. Yet despite the considerable legal, political and societal concern that these critical phenomena attract, they have not, thus far, been subjected to detailed socio-legal and theoretical scrutiny. How do society and law construct the harms of child pornography and grooming? What impact do constructions of the child have upon legal and societal responses to these phenomena? What has been the impetus behind the expanding criminalisation of behaviour in these areas? Suzanne Ost addresses these and other important questions, exploring the critical tensions within legal and social discourses which must be tackled to discourage moral panic reactions towards child pornography and grooming, and advocating a new, more rational approach towards combating these forms of exploitation.
Lessons from Nothing
Authors: Marsland Bruce
Published: May 2010

Lessons from Nothing is an invaluable resource for busy teachers everywhere who are looking for easy-to-use activities that do not require extensive facilities or preparation. It is a practical source of around 70 language teaching activities that encourage interaction and co-operation in the classroom. Special features: * activities for immediate use * activities for all ages and levels * clear presentation * no photocopying required.
Prevalence of pain in head and neck cancer out-patients
Authors: Williams J E , Yen J T C , Parker G , Chapman S , Kandikattu S , Barbachano Y
Published: May 2010

Background:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pain, and the adequacy of its treatment, amongst patients with head and neck cancer, and to determine whether specific groups could be identified as being at risk of pain.

Methods:

Consecutive patients attending head and neck oncology out-patient services were surveyed.

Results:

The prevalence of pain was 34 per cent, lower than that found in systematic reviews. No specific risk factors for pain were identified. Particular pain problems in this population comprised a high incidence of neuropathic pain, breakthrough pain and pain of non-malignant origin.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of unrelieved pain was high in this study population, although no specific risk factors were found. A further study is planned to determine the effect of using a routine screening tool and an immediate pain treatment protocol in this group of patients.
External actors and the relative autonomy of the ruling elite in post-UNTAC Cambodia
Authors: Cock Andrew Robert
Published: May 2010

Cambodia has been governed by the same, relatively fixed, elite since the Vietnamese removal of the Khmer Rouge from power in early 1979. This article provides an analysis of the dynamic interplay of external and internal factors that have contributed to the perpetuation of this elite's rule in the context of a nominal political and economic transition that might have been expected to undermine the bases of their power. It is argued that the patrimonialism of the Cambodian state and the provision of material aid and political legitimacy by external actors have been central to the endurance of this ruling elite.
Stabilizing American Society: Kenneth Boulding and the Integration of the Social Sciences, 1943–1980
Authors: Fontaine Philippe
Published: May 2010

Argument

For more than thirty years after World War II, the unconventional economist Kenneth E. Boulding (1910–1993) was a fervent advocate of the integration of the social sciences. Building on common general principles from various fields, notably economics, political science, and sociology, Boulding claimed that an integrated social science in which mental images were recognized as the main determinant of human behavior would allow for a better understanding of society. Boulding's approach culminated in the social triangle, a view of society as comprised of three main social organizers – exchange, threat, and love – combined in varying proportions. According to this view, the problems of American society were caused by an unbalanced combination of these three organizers. The goal of integrated social scientific knowledge was therefore to help policy makers achieve the “right” proportions of exchange, threat, and love that would lead to social stabilization. Though he was hopeful that cross-disciplinary exchanges would overcome the shortcomings of too narrow specialization, Boulding found that rather than being the locus of a peaceful and mutually beneficial exchange, disciplinary boundaries were often the occasion of conflict and miscommunication.
Consciousness as Existence, and the End of Intentionality
Authors: Honderich Ted
Published: May 2010

It was only in the last century of the past millennium that the Philosophy of Mind began to flourish as a part of philosophy with some autonomy, enough for students to face examination papers in it by itself. Despite an inclination in some places to give it the name of Philosophical Psychology, it is not any science of the mind. This is not to say that the Philosophy of Mind is unempirical, but that it is like the rest of philosophy in being more taken up with good thinking about experienced facts than with establishing, elaborating or using them. Logic, if not formal logic, is the core of all philosophy, and so of the Philosophy of Mind. The discipline's first question is what it is for a thing to be conscious, whatever its capabilities. The discipline's second question is how a thing's being conscious is related to the physical world, including chairs, brains and bodily movements—the mind-brain or mind-body problem.
The Rise, Fall and Rise of Epistemology
Authors: Quinton Anthony
Published: May 2010

I began the study of philosophy in an organized fashion after I was demobilised in 1946. My first steps were firmly Lockean. Innate idea, substance, primary and secondary qualities and personal identity were the topics of the first term's essays, along with smaller infusions of Descartes, Berkeley and Hume. The fundamental examination paper in those days in Oxford was General Philosophy and that meant the problems in the theory of knowledge that had exercised the great philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and, beyond them, Russell, Moore, Price and Ayer. The syllabus was very clearly set out by the chapter headings of Russell's Problems of Philosophy.
The Intelligibility of the Universe
Authors: Redhead Michael
Published: May 2010

Hume famously warned us that the ‘[The] ultimate springs and principles are totally shut up from human curiosity and enquiry’. Or, again, Newton: ‘Hitherto I have not been able to discover the cause of these properties of gravity … and I frame no hypotheses.’ Aristotelian science was concerned with just such questions, the specification of occult qualities, the real essences that answer the question What is matter, etc?, the preoccupation with circular definitions such as dormative virtues, and so on. The rise of modern science is usually seen as a break with the sterility of Aristotelianism, so what exactly is it that modern science does discover, if it is not the essential nature of matter, of force, of energy, of space and time? A famous answer was provided by Poincaré: ‘The true relations between these real objects are the only reality we can attain.’ This is often regarded as the manifesto of so-called structural realism, as espoused in recent years by John Worrall, for example (cp. his (1989)). In response to the arguments of Larry Laudan (1982) against convergent realism, Worrall points to the continuity in the formal relations between elements of reality expressed by mathematical equations, while the intrinsic nature of these elements of reality gets constantly revised.
Cutting Philosophy of Language Down to Size
Authors: Millikan Ruth Garrett
Published: May 2010

When asked to contribute to this lecture series, my first thought was to talk about philosophy of biology, a new and increasingly influential field in philosophy, surely destined to have great impact in the coming years. But when a preliminary schedule for the series was circulated, I noticed that no one was speaking on language. Given the hegemony of philosophy of language at mid-century, after ‘the linguistic turn’, this seemed to require comment. How did philosophy of language achieve such status at mid-century, and why is it losing it now? Has the Anglo-American tradition really begun to put the philosophy of language in better perspective? I hope so. Indeed, I will end with suggestions for how to keep it more securely in its proper place.
The Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Authors: Boden Margaret A.
Published: May 2010

If the Trade Descriptions Act were applied to academic labels, cognitive scientists would be in trouble. For what they do is much wider than the name suggests—and wider, too, than most philosophers assume. They give you more for your money than you may have expected.
Language, Thought and Compositionality
Authors: Fodor Jerry
Published: May 2010

Consider the task under which I labour: These are supposed to be talks in the millennial spirit. My charge is to find, somewhere in the philosophical landscape, a problem of whose current status I can give some coherent account, and to point the direction in which it seems to me that further research might usefully proceed, And I'm to try to sound reasonably cheerful and optimistic in the course of doing so. No sooner did I begin to ponder these terms of engagement, than it occurred to me that cheer and optimism aren't really my thing; also that I hadn't heard of a topic in the philosophy of mind (which is the only part of philosophy that even I think that I know anything about) which seems to me to be other than a godawful mess. It struck me that my best course would be for me to change my name and go into hiding. Thus my first choice of a title for this lecture, which was ‘To Be Announced’.
Architectural research and its enemies
Authors: Macmillan Sebastian
Published: May 2010

Like the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) that preceded it, the UK government's proposed Research Excellence Framework (REF) is a means of allocating funding in higher education to support research. As with any method for the competitive allocation of funds it creates winners and losers and inevitably generates a lot of emotion among those rewarded or penalised. More specifically, the ‘winners’ tend to approve of the method of allocation and the ‘losers’ denigrate it as biased against their activities and generally unfair. An extraordinary press campaign has been consistently waged against research assessment and its methods by those involved in architectural education, which I will track over a decade and a half. What follows will question whether this campaign demonstrates the sophistication and superior judgment of those who have gone into print, or conversely whether its mixture of misinformation and disinformation reveals not just disenchantment and prejudice, but a naivety and a depth of ignorance about the fundamentals of research that is deeply damaging to the credibility of architecture as a research-based discipline. With the recent consultation process towards a new cycle of research assessment, the REF, getting under way, I aim to draw attention to the risk of repeating past mistakes.
Conceiving an architecture of movement
Authors: Stickells Lee
Published: May 2010

Ideas about movement were fundamental for Modernist architecture of the early twentieth century and are ubiquitous in contemporary theory and practice. The shifting theoretical terrain in which bodily movement is made sense of has continuously produced different understandings of architectural possibilities. For example, where in much early Modernism, and in present conventional practice, movement is often articulated in terms of technical, functional circulation and narrativised aesthetic experience (the architectural promenade), other recent practices adopt more ambivalent approaches. The emphasis in these later practices is on the relationality of programmatic elements, articulated in terms of dynamic coexistence, continual variation and fluid, interconnected space. In this way, they connect to a pervasive concern with mobility in the late twentieth, and early twenty-first century: culture is increasingly seen as dynamic and hybrid, societies are defined through complex webs of interconnection, and social theory is focused on the nomadic. In this context, examining changing conceptions and structuring of bodily movement within architecture provides a means for productively reengaging with modern architectural history.
Working with Asplund
Authors: Grice Michael
Published: May 2010

In 1935 I worked for Mendelsohn and Chermayeff on the Gilbey building for three months in the summer – and Birkin Haward took me under his wing.

By 1937, I'd finished my first three years at the Architectural Association and felt that I wasn't getting anywhere – producing schemes overnight. I wanted to work on real buildings.
The impact of bilingualism on the executive control and orienting networks of attention
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ MIREIA , COSTA ALBERT , FUENTES LUIS J. , VIVAS ANA B. , SEBASTIÁN-GALLÉS NÚRIA
Published: May 2010

The main objective of this article is to provide new evidence regarding the impact of bilingualism on the attentional system. We approach this goal by assessing the effects of bilingualism on the executive and orienting networks of attention. In Experiment 1, we compared young bilingual and monolingual adults in a numerical version of the Stroop task, which allowed the assessment of the executive control network. We observed more efficient performance in the former group, which showed both reduced Stroop Interference and larger Stroop Facilitation Effects relative to the latter. Conversely, Experiment 2, conducted with a visual cueing task in order to assess the orienting network, revealed similar Cueing Facilitation and Inhibition (Inhibition of Return – IOR) Effects for both groups of speakers. The implications of the results of these two experiments for the origin and boundaries of the bilingual impact on the attentional system are discussed.
Leisure-time physical activity and nutrition: a twin study
Authors: Rintala Mirva , Lyytikäinen Arja , Leskinen Tuija , Alen Markku , Pietiläinen Kirsi H , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M
Published: May 2010

Objective

To determine the association between long-term leisure-time physical activity/inactivity and eating behaviours in twin pairs discordant for physical activity for 30 years.

Design

Co-twin control design with cross-sectional data collection using questionnaire on eating habits and 5 d food diary. Differences in eating behaviours between physically active and inactive co-twins were analysed with pairwise tests.

Setting

Finland.

Subjects

Sixteen same-sex twin pairs (seven monozygotic and nine dizygotic, mean age 60 years) discordant for physical activity, selected from the Finnish Twin Cohort on the basis of physical activity discordance for 30 years, blinded to their possible differences in eating behaviours.

Results

The eating habits questionnaire revealed that physically active co-twins more frequently reported that it is easy to eat according to need, whereas overeating and/or restrictive eating was more common among the inactive co-twins (P = 0·035). Avoiding calories was more common among the active than inactive co-twins (P = 0·034). Based on food diaries the physically active co-twins had daily energy intake on average 15·5 kJ/kg higher than their inactive co-twins (P = 0·030). The active co-twins also had a higher intake of vitamin C (P = 0·004), total water (P = 0·044), legumes and nuts (P = 0·015) and sweets (P = 0·036), as well as a lower energy-adjusted intake of meat (P = 0·013).

Conclusions

The physically active persons seem to eat more but not necessarily healthier food. However, habitual physical activity may help in eating according to need and in reaching and maintaining a healthy body composition. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate both dietary and physical activity advice into health counselling.
Disentangling histories
Authors: Insoll Timothy
Published: May 2010

I like this paper firstly for it attempts to redress, forcefully, the biased perceptions of Africa often still held by usually external observers, and secondly for it engages directly with materiality through an object-based perspective in indicating the complexities that existed in the Siin (Senegal), primarily in the 18th and 19th centuries. Richard is to be congratulated on providing us with a thoughtful and thought-provoking paper indicating that, like other recent research on African and external entanglements and connections (e.g. Croucher 2006), research framed broadly under the remit of ‘historical archaeology’ is some of the most stimulating currently being undertaken in the continent (e.g. Gavua 2008; Schmidt 2006).
Complex histories
Authors: van Dommelen Peter
Published: May 2010

Asking different questions about and adopting an alternative perspective for understanding what happened in the past are rightly highlighted by François Richard as crucial to our understanding of colonial situations like that in 16th- to 18th-century West Africa. He frames his discussion with a speech given in Dakar by Nicolas Sarkozy, who in mid-2007 had just assumed the office of French president, and uses the strong reactions to those words very effectively to make it clear why thinking about the colonial past continues to matter, both in Africa and elsewhere.