bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composing Arugat ha-Bosem: How Piyyut Commentary Became Associated with Ḥasidei Ashkenaz
Authors: Hollender Elisabeth
Published: April 2021

Based on Ivan Marcus’s concept of “open book” and considerations on medieval Ashkenazic concepts of authorship, the present article inquires into the circumstances surrounding the production of SeferArugat ha-Bosem, a collection of piyyut commentaries written or compiled by the thirteenth-century scholar Abraham b. Azriel. Unlike all other piyyut commentators, Abraham ben Azriel inscribed his name into his commentary and claims to supersede previous commentaries, asserting authorship and authority. Based on the two different versions preserved in MS Vatican 301 and MS Merzbacher 95 (Frankfurt fol. 16), already in 1939 Ephraim E. Urbach suggested that Abraham b. Azriel might have written more than one edition of his piyyut commentaries. The present reevaluation considers recent scholarship on concepts of authorship and “open genre” as well as new research into piyyut commentary. To facilitate a comparison with Marcus’s definition of “open book,” this article also explores the arrangement and rearrangement of small blocks of texts within a work.
IL-6 Regulates Hepcidin Expression Via the BMP/SMAD Pathway by Altering BMP6, TMPRSS6 and TfR2 Expressions at Normal and Inflammatory Conditions in BV2 Microglia
Authors: Varga Edit , Pap Ramóna , Jánosa Gergely , Sipos Katalin , Pandur Edina
Published: April 2021

The hormone hepcidin plays a central role in controlling iron homeostasis. Iron-mediated hepcidin synthesis is triggered via the BMP/SMAD pathway. At inflammation, mainly IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine mediates the regulation of hepcidin via the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Microglial cells of the central nervous system are able to recognize a broad spectrum of pathogens via toll-like receptors and initiate inflammatory response. Although the regulation of hepcidin synthesis is well described in many tissues, little is known about the inflammation mediated hepcidin regulation in microglia. In this study, we investigated the pathways, which are involved in HAMP regulation in BV2 microglia due to inflammatory mediators and the possible relationships between the iron regulatory pathways. Our results showed that IL-6 produced by resting BV2 cells was crucial in maintaining the basal HAMP expression and hepcidin secretion. It was revealed that IL-6 neutralization decreased both STAT3 and SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation suggesting that IL-6 proinflammatory cytokine is necessary to maintain SMAD1/5/9 activation. We revealed that IL-6 influences BMP6 and TMPRSS6 protein levels, moreover it modified TfR2 expression, as well. In this study, we revealed that BV2 microglia increased their hepcidin secretion upon IL-6 neutralization although the major regulatory pathways were inhibited. Based on our results it seems that both at inflammation and at normal condition the absence of IL-6 triggered HAMP transcription and hepcidin secretion via the NFκB pathway and possibly by the autocrine effect of TNFα cytokine on BV2 microglia.
Extending the extended consciousness debate: perception, imagination, and the common kind assumption
Authors: Deery James
Published: April 2021

For some, the states and processes involved in the realisation of phenomenal consciousness are not confined to within the organismic boundaries of the experiencing subject. Instead, the sub-personal basis of perceptual experience can, and does, extend beyond the brain and body to implicate environmental elements through one’s interaction with the world. These claims are met by proponents of predictive processing, who propose that perception and imagination should be understood as a product of the same internal mechanisms. On this view, as visually imagining is not considered to be world-involving, it is assumed that world-involvement must not be essential for perception, and thus internalism about the sub-personal basis is true. However, the argument for internalism from the unity of perception and imagination relies for its strength on a questionable conception of the relationship between the two experiential states. I argue that proponents of the predictive approach are guilty of harbouring an implicit commitment to the common kind assumption which does not follow trivially from their framework. That is, the assumption that perception and imagination are of the same fundamental kind of mental event. I will argue that there are plausible alternative ways of conceiving of this relationship without drawing internalist metaphysical conclusions from their psychological theory. Thus, the internalist owes the debate clarification of this relationship and further argumentation to secure their position.
Ambient and household air pollution on early-life determinants of stunting—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pun Vivian C. , Dowling Russell , Mehta Sumi
Published: April 2021

Stunting is an important risk factor for early growth and health implications throughout the life course, yet until recently, studies have rarely focused on populations exposed to high levels of particulate matter pollution or on developing countries most vulnerable to stunting and its associated health and developmental impacts. We systematically searched for epidemiologic studies published up to 15 August 2020 that examined the association between ambient and household particulate exposure and postnatal stunting (height-for-age z-score) and prenatal determinants (small for gestational age or SGA, or equivalent) of stunting. We conducted the literature search in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases in August 2020, using keywords including, but not limited to, “particulate matter,” “indoor/household air pollution,” and “adverse birth outcomes,” to identify relevant articles. Forty-five studies conducted in 29 countries met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. We found significant positive associations between SGA and a 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure over the entire pregnancy [OR = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.13], with similar SGA impact during the second and third trimesters, and from high exposure quartile of PM2.5 exposure during the entire pregnancy. A 19% increased risk of postnatal stunting (95% CI: 1.10, 1.29) was also associated with postnatal exposure to household air pollution. Our analysis shows consistent, significant, and noteworthy evidence of elevated risk of stunting-related health outcomes with ambient PM2.5 and household air pollution exposure. This evidence reinforces the importance of promoting clean air as part of an integrated approach to preventing stunting.
The Dialects of Spanish
Authors: Sorenson Travis D.
Published: April 2021

Spanish is one of the most widely-spoken languages in the world, and there is extensive lexical variation between its numerous dialects. This book, the first of its kind, focuses uniquely on the origin, diversity, and geographic distribution of portions of the lexicon. The hundreds of words analysed – related to food, clothing, vehicles, and certain miscellaneous items – provide a representative study not only of the many etymological routes by which they have entered the Spanish language over time, but of the considerable diatopic variety which they display across the different Spanish-speaking nations and regions. Representative maps are provided to illustrate several instances of these astounding dialectal differences. This variation is also discussed in terms of its evident link to the historical developments of Spanish. Providing a compelling overview of lexical variety in the Spanish-speaking world, this book will interest anyone who wants to delve into the richness of this fascinating language.
Music to Some Consequence: Reaction, Reform, Race
Authors: Cox Jensen Oskar
Published: April 2021

A naval chaplain in the 1790s, a radical arrested after Peterloo, and a smash hit of blackface minstrelsy: these three disparate historical actors all provide exemplary cases of music in action, playing upon the political passions of the British people. Thinking across the three examples, this article reflects upon the aims of the forum Music and Politics in Britain, c.1780–1850, as well as advancing its own autonomous argument. Alexander Duncan was drummed out of the navy for publishing a pamphlet advocating the use of martial music in action; inspired by the French, Duncan was effectively arguing for a democratization of Britain's servicemen by playing upon their passions. The potential for subversion inherent in this approach was borne out by the career of Samuel Bamford, a Lancashire weaver; music was central to Bamford's activism, and I chart the functional ends to which he deployed music around 1819. In a third instance, with the 1840s hit “Buffalo Gals,” music led to public disorder. The song, due in large part to its musical qualities, enabled forms of licentious behavior among white males that mobilized latent forms of gendered as well as racial prejudice, so that its performance came to excuse forms of sexual harassment.
Music and Movement in Britain, 1793–1815
Authors: Philp Mark
Published: April 2021

The frequent references to the actors and events of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in the titles of the dance tunes of the period raise the question of how we should understand their significance. This article argues that the practice is one of a number of examples of music and song shaping people's lived experience and behavior in ways that were rarely fully conscious. Drawing on a range of music collections, diaries, and journals, the article argues that we need to recognize how significant aural dimensions were in shaping people's predisposition to favor the status quo in this period of heightened political controversy.
“Loud and Open Speaking in ‘the People's’ Mighty Name”: Eliza Cook, Music and Politics
Authors: Rutherford Susan
Published: April 2021

In 1849, the working-class poet Eliza Cook (1818–89) expanded her international profile by venturing into weekly periodical publication with Eliza Cook's Journal. Not only was this the first British journal named after a female editor but it also placed an unusual emphasis on music—unusual not least because few women in that epoch were given the opportunity to participate in the broader critical discourses on music. Cook's poetry was already widely disseminated through various musical settings by composers from William Balfe to Henry Russell; in her new journal, music further emerged as central to her philosophy of liberation for all. Placing street musicians alongside opera and salon concerts in an exhibition of remarkably eclectic taste, Cook saw the propensity for music making in all layers of society. She regarded musical culture as a soundscape of experience, emotion, and agency to which she, and all those from the laboring classes, not only had a right to access, engage in, and share but was part of their own innate being. Music symbolized imagination, freedom from the mundane, and limitless human potential. Efforts to secure music for “the people” were thus indissolubly linked to broader political rights for suffrage and equality.
The Role of Sand in Wave Boundary Layers Over Primarily Muddy Seabeds: Implications for Wave‐Supported Gravity Flows
Authors: Han Zhuochen , Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Ogston Andrea S. , Hsu Tian‐Jian
Published: April 2021

We performed laboratory experiments to investigate the influence of sand content on the dynamics of wave‐supported gravity flows in mud‐dominant environments. The experiments were carried out in an oscillatory water tunnel with a sediment bed of either 1% or 13% sand. Low and high energy regimes are differentiated based on a Stokes Reynolds number ReΔ ≈ 500. In the low energy regime, the sand fraction influences flow dynamics primarily through ripple formation; no ripples form in the 1% sand experiments, whereas ripples form in the 13% experiments that increase turbulence and the wave boundary layer thickness, δm. In the high energy regime, small ripples form in both the 1% and 13% sand experiments and we observe high near‐bed suspended sediment concentrations. The influence of stratification on the boundary layer flow is characterized in terms of the gradient Richardson number Rig. The flow is weakly stratified inside the boundary layer for all runs and critically stratified at or above the top of the boundary layer. In the lower energy regime, the sand content reduces the relative influence of stratification in the boundary layer, shifting the elevation of critical stratification, LB, from approximately 1.3δm to 2.5δm in the 1% and 13% experiments, respectively. In both sets of experiments LB ≈ δm at the strongest wave energy, indicating a transition to strongly stratified dynamics.
A Repeating Earthquake Catalog From 2003 to 2020 for the Raukumara Peninsula, Northern Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Hughes Laura , Chamberlain Calum J. , Townend John , Thomas Amanda M.
Published: April 2021

Repeating earthquakes provide a novel way of monitoring how stresses load faults between large earthquakes. To date, however, and despite the availability of long‐duration, high‐quality seismological datasets, little attention has been paid to tectonic repeating earthquakes in New Zealand. We develop a workflow and composite criterion for identifying repeating earthquakes in New Zealand, using data from the GeoNet permanent seismic network, and present New Zealand’s first decadal‐scale repeating earthquake catalog. For events to be identified as repeating in this study, two or more events must have a normalized cross‐correlation of at least 0.95 at two or more seismic stations, when calculated for 75% of the earthquake coda. By applying our composite criterion to seismicity around the Raukumara Peninsula, northern Hikurangi subduction margin, we have identified 61 repeating earthquake families occurring between 2003 and 2020, consisting of 347 individual earthquakes. These families have a magnitude range of ML 1.7–5.2 and recurrence intervals of < 1 to ∼7 yrs. Repeating earthquakes in 9 of the 11 regional groups identified in this study coincide spatiotemporally with previously identified slow‐slip events and tremor. However, the responses shown to slow‐slip are not consistent within families or within regional groups.
The circulating soluble form of the CD40 costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor and liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer
Authors: Meltzer Sebastian , Torgunrud Annette , Abrahamsson Hanna , Solbakken Arne Mide , Flatmark Kjersti , Dueland Svein , Bakke Kine Mari , Bousquet Paula Anna , Negård Anne , Johansen Christin , Lyckander Lars Gustav , Larsen Finn Ole , Schou Jakob Vasehus , Redalen Kathrine Røe , Ree Anne Hansen
Published: April 2021

Background

In colorectal cancer, the inflamed tumour microenvironment with its angiogenic activities is immune- tolerant and incites progression to liver metastasis. We hypothesised that angiogenic and inflammatory factors in serum samples from patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer could inform on liver metastasis risk.

Methods

We measured 84 angiogenic and inflammatory markers in serum sampled at the time of diagnosis within the population-based cohort of 122 stage I–III patients. In a stepwise manner, the statistically strongest proteins associated with time to development of liver metastasis were analysed in the corresponding serum samples from 273 stage II–III rectal cancer patients in three independent cohorts.

Results

We identified the soluble form of the costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor cluster of differentiation molecule 40 (sCD40) as a marker of liver metastasis risk across all patient cohorts—the higher the sCD40 level, the shorter time to liver metastasis. In patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment, the sCD40 value remained an independent variable associated with progression to liver metastasis along with the local treatment response. Of note, serum sCD40 was not associated with progression to lung metastasis.

Conclusions

Circulating sCD40 is a marker of liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer and may be developed for use in clinical practice.
Comparison of apoptotic responses in Blastocystis sp. upon treatment with Tongkat Ali and Metronidazole
Authors: Girish Sonal , Kumar Suresh , Aminudin Norhaniza , Hashim Najihah Mohd
Published: April 2021

Blastocystis sp. infection, although many remain asymptomatic, there is growing data in recent studies that suggests it is a frequent cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adults. This proposes that treatment against this infection is necessary however metronidazole (MTZ), which is the current choice of treatment, has expressed non-uniformity in its efficacy in combating this infection which has led to the study of alternative treatment. In our previous study, it was established that Tongkat Ali fractions exhibited promising anti-protozoal properties which leads to the current aim of the study, to further narrow down the purification process in order to identify the specific active compound promoting the anti-protozoal effect through HPLC analysis. Based on the data analysis and in-vitro susceptibility assay, the collected Tongkat Ali fraction that demonstrated anti-blastocystis property was shown to contain eurycomanone. Previous studies have suggested that there is a mechanism in Blastocystis sp. that regulates the apoptotic process to produce higher number of viable cells when treated. In reference to this, our current study also aims to investigate the apoptotic response of Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone across different subtype groups with comparison to MTZ. Based on our investigation, both Tongkat Ali extract and eurycomanone induced the high apoptotic rate however exhibited a reduction in viable cell count (p < 0.05) when compared to MTZ. This study suggests that there is potential in developing a standardized treatment regardless of subtype variations which makes Tongkat Ali extract a promising anti-protozoal treatment against all Blastocystis sp. subtype groups.
The role of APOE in cognitive trajectories and motor decline in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jo Sungyang , Kim Seon-Ok , Park Kye Won , Lee Seung Hyun , Hwang Yun Su , Chung Sun Ju
Published: April 2021

We aimed to investigate the role of the APOE genotype in cognitive and motor trajectories in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Using PD registry data, we retrospectively investigated a total of 253 patients with PD who underwent the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) two or more times at least 5 years apart, were aged over 40 years, and free of dementia at the time of enrollment. We performed group-based trajectory modeling to identify patterns of cognitive change using the MMSE. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the role of the APOE genotype in cognitive and motor progression. Trajectory analysis divided patients into four groups: early fast decline, fast decline, gradual decline, and stable groups with annual MMSE scores decline of − 2.8, − 1.8, − 0.6, and − 0.1 points per year, respectively. The frequency of APOE ε4 was higher in patients in the early fast decline and fast decline groups (50.0%) than those in the stable group (20.1%) (p = 0.007). APOE ε4, in addition to older age at onset, depressive mood, and higher H&Y stage, was associated with the cognitive decline rate, but no APOE genotype was associated with motor progression. APOE genotype could be used to predict the cognitive trajectory in PD.
Author Correction: Pantoea alhagi, a novel endophytic bacterium with ability to improve growth and drought tolerance in wheat
Authors: Chen Chaoqiong , Xin Kaiyun , Liu Hao , Cheng Juanli , Shen Xihui , Wang Yao , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Investigating the effects of IDO1, PTGS2, and TGF-β1 overexpression on immunomodulatory properties of hTERT-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles
Authors: Haghighitalab Azadeh , Matin Maryam M. , Amin Ahmad , Minaee Shima , Bidkhori Hamid Reza , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Bahrami Ahmad Reza
Published: April 2021

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is out of the question. Yet, recent drawbacks have resulted in a strategic shift towards the application of MSC-derived cell-free products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent reports revealed that functional properties of MSCs, including EV secretion patterns, correlate with microenvironmental cues. These findings highlight the urgent need for defining the optimal circumstances for EV preparation. Considering the limitations of primary cells, we employed immortalized cells as an alternative source to prepare therapeutically sufficient EV numbers. Herein, the effects of different conditional environments are explored on human TERT-immortalized MSCs (hTERT-MSCs). The latter were transduced to overexpressIDO1,PTGS2,andTGF-β1transgenes either alone or in combination, and their immunomodulatory properties were analyzed thereafter. Likewise, EVs derived from these various MSCs were extensively characterized. hTERT-MSCs-IDO1 exerted superior inhibitory effects on lymphocytes, significantly more than hTERT-MSCs-IFN-γ. As such,IDO1overexpression promoted the immunomodulatory properties of such enriched EVs. Considering the limitations of cell therapy like tumor formation and possible immune responses in the host, the results presented herein might be considered as a feasible model for the induction of immunomodulation in off-the-shelf and cell-free therapeutics, especially for autoimmune diseases.
Multimodal imaging of drug and excipients in rat lungs following an inhaled administration of controlled-release drug laden PLGA microparticles
Authors: Robinson Eve , Giffen Paul , Hassall Dave , Ball Doug , Reid Heather , Coe Diane , Teague Simon , Terry Rebecca , Earl Meredith , Marchand Joseph , Farrer Brian , Havelund Rasmus , Gilmore Ian S. , Marshall Peter S.
Published: April 2021

The use of multimodal imaging techniques, in particular MALDI MS Imaging, TOF-SIMS and histopathology, to spatially map the distribution of drug and excipients (microparticles) in rat lung sections following inhaled administration is demonstrated.
The spectral fusion of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) coupled with random forest (RF) for the quantitative analysis of soil pH
Authors: Chen Tingting , Men Jing , Zhao Mingjing , Zhang Tianlong , Li Hua
Published: April 2021

The spectral fusion of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and mid-infrared spectroscopy data was coupled with a random forest technique for the quantitative for the quantitative analysis of soil pH.
Nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of photoinduced ring-opening reaction of 2(5H)-thiophenone with internal conversion and intersystem crossing
Authors: Xie Bin-Bin , Liu Bo-Long , Tang Xiu-Fang , Tang Diandong , Shen Lin , Fang Wei-Hai
Published: April 2021

The quantum trajectory mean-field approach, which is able to overcome the overcoherence problem, was generalized to simulate internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes simultaneously.
Cell surface-localized imaging and sensing
Authors: Jia Hao-Ran , Zhu Ya-Xuan , Duan Qiu-Yi , Wu Fu-Gen
Published: April 2021

We present a comprehensive review on the advancements in cell surface modification strategies and their applications in cell surface-localized imaging and sensing.
Passivation and process engineering approaches of halide perovskite films for high efficiency and stability perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid bin , Vasilopoulou Maria , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Palilis Leonidas C. , Abate Antonio , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: April 2021

Recent advances on passivation and morphology engineering approaches adopted to obtain high efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells are thoroughly reviewed.
Hypervalent iodine mediated synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ethers: consecutive methylene linkage and insertion of ethylene glycol
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Rawat Deepa , Semwal Rashmi , Badhani Gaurav , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: April 2021

Hypervalent iodine mediated selective synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ethers using ethylene glycol as a methoxy ethanol source as well as solvent under metal-free conditions is described.
Improving the astrometric solution of the Hyper Suprime-Cam with anisotropic Gaussian processes
Authors: Léget P.-F. , Astier P. , Regnault N. , Jarvis M. , Antilogus P. , Roodman A. , Rubin D. , Saunders C.
Published: April 2021

Context.We study astrometric residuals from a simultaneous fit of Hyper Suprime-Cam images.

Aims.We aim to characterize these residuals and study the extent to which they are dominated by atmospheric contributions for bright sources.

Methods.We used Gaussian process interpolation with a correlation function (kernel) measured from the data to smooth and correct the observed astrometric residual field.

Results.We find that a Gaussian process interpolation with a von Kármán kernel allows us to reduce the covariances of astrometric residuals for nearby sources by about one order of magnitude, from 30 mas2to 3 mas2at angular scales of ∼1 arcmin. This also allows us to halve the rms residuals. Those reductions using Gaussian process interpolation are similar to recent result published with the Dark Energy Survey dataset. We are then able to detect the small static astrometric residuals due to the Hyper Suprime-Cam sensors effects. We discuss how the Gaussian process interpolation of astrometric residuals impacts galaxy shape measurements, particularly in the context of cosmic shear analyses at theRubinObservatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG
Authors: González-Álvarez E. , Petralia A. , Micela G. , Maldonado J. , Affer L. , Maggio A. , Covino E. , Damasso M. , Lanza A. F. , Perger M. , Pinamonti M. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Bignamini A. , Giacobbe P. , Leto G. , Pagano I. , Zanmar Sánchez R. , González Hernández J. I. , Rebolo R. , Ribas I. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Toledo-Padrón B.
Published: April 2021

Context. The high number of super-Earth and Earth-like planets in the habitable zone detected around M-dwarf stars in recent years has revealed these stellar objects to be the key to planetary radial velocity (RV) searches.

Aims. Using the HARPS-N spectrograph within The HArps-n red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey (HADES) we have reached the precision needed to detect small planets with a few Earth masses using the spectroscopic radial velocity technique. HADES is mainly focused on the M-dwarf population of the northern hemisphere.

Methods. We obtained 138 HARPS-N RV measurements between 2013 May and 2020 September of GJ 720 A, classified as an M0.5 V star located at a distance of 15.56 pc. To characterize the stellar variability and to distinguish the periodic variation due to the Keplerian signals from those related to stellar activity, the HARPS-N spectroscopic activity indicators and the simultaneous photometric observations with the APACHE and EXORAP transit surveys were analyzed. We also took advantage of TESS, MEarth, and SuperWASP photometric surveys. The combined analysis of HARPS-N RVs and activity indicators let us address the nature of the periodic signals. The final model and the orbital planetary parameters were obtained by simultaneously fitting the stellar variability and the Keplerian signal using a Gaussian process regression and following a Bayesian criterion.

Results. The HARPS-N RV periodic signals around 40 days and 100 days have counterparts at the same frequencies in HARPS-N activity indicators and photometric light curves. We thus attribute these periodicities to stellar activity; the first period is likely associated with the stellar rotation. GJ 720 A shows the most significant signal at 19.466 ± 0.005 days with no counterparts in any stellar activity indices. We hence ascribe this RV signal, having a semi-amplitude of 4.72 ± 0.27 m s−1, to the presence of a sub-Neptune mass planet. The planet GJ 720 Ab has a minimum mass of 13.64 ± 0.79 M⊕, it is in circular orbit at 0.119 ± 0.002 AU from its parent star, and lies inside the inner boundary of the habitable zone around its parent star.
Digital transformation of the energy sector: a case of Russia
Authors: Chebotareva Galina
Published: April 2021

The article outlines the main stages of the digital transformation of the energy sector of Russia since 2014. The methodological framework of the summary is composed of the key federal laws and industrial regulations that formed the foundation of the digitalization of the Russian energy sector. The study revealed two focus segments for Russian energy transformation. The first one deals with the development of the methodological framework for digital transformation (departmental project “Digital Energy”). The second one works towards the development of new technical solutions, their active field testing and elimination of emerging administrative barriers (EnergyNet road map, “Unified Technical Policy - Power Supply Reliability” project). It has been established that technological development trends in the Russian energy sector generally match those in the rest of the world (smart energy, distributed generation, renewable energy, consumer services etc.). Private projects that are being implemented as part of these initiatives prove highly efficient technically and economically and are attracting wide attention in the global energy market.
Development of electricity industry on the basis of the use of the renewable energy sources in the regional energy security system
Authors: Novikova Natalya , Kharitonenko Olesya
Published: April 2021

In the article presented, the authors prove the objective need for the development of the electricity industry of the Republic of Crimea on the basis of the active use of the renewable energy sources, caused by the world processes of the formation of the “green” economy. The object of the study is the territory of the Republic of Crimea - a bright representative of the energy deficit region. The development of the electricity industry of the Republic of Crimea on the basis of the use of the renewable energy sources serves as the basis for ensuring regional energy security, the fragility of which was determined by the political events of 2015. The authors studied the research papers of leading domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the analysis of the renewable energy sources in order to justify the further active development of a wind energy, a solar energy as well as bioenergy and landfill gas energy in the Republic of Crimea. The development of the Republic of Crimea’s electricity industry through the use of the renewable energy sources and local fuels is an essential area of modern active regional policy. It is determined by the fact that this direction, firstly, is considered as environmentally friendly generation, and secondly, contributes to a qualitative increase in regional energy security level.
New trends of the economy: a case of digital energy
Authors: Guliyeva Aysel , Bayramov Adalat , Taghizade Sabir
Published: April 2021

This paper studies the concept of “digital energy”, its own unique content, or maybe is it just a fashionable designation for what has been done in the industry since the massive spread of computer technology. Why use the neologism “digitalization” instead of the well-known and well-defined term “automation”? Some sources insist on having its own unique content in terms of “digital energy” and “digitalization”. This post sets out our working hypothesis – five distinguishing features by which one can understand whether we are working with the concept of “digital energy” or with something else. In digital energy as a part of the digital economy, the main concept is “economy”. The essence of digital energy is the reassembly and development of a set of industrial and economic relations in the industry based on digital approaches and means. Consequently, the essence of digital energy is the reassembly and development of a set of industrial and economic relations in the industry based on digital approaches and means. So, in the phrase “digital economy” (and hence “digital energy”), the defining word is “economy”, and the adjective “digital” only indicates the means to achieve the goal.
Using interactive technologies and distance learning in sustainable education
Authors: Rybakova Anna , Shcheglova Aleksandra , Bogatov Denis , Alieva Liudmila
Published: April 2021

This paper focuses on the use of interactive technologies and distance learning in sustainable education. It discusses how remote learning technologies can positively influence students’ learning and entry in sustainable education. The paper looks at the use of distance learning in higher education as a means to help students in the built environment and its use within the education system. It studies and expands the theoretical research on the benefits of distance learning, where the study is remote and there is no personal contact with staff or students, and examines the impact of distance learning on the student’s learning experience. It also proposes and evaluates potential solutions to overcome the barriers to learning in the built environment and create successful virtual learning communities, recognising that such improvements must be reconciled with the primary benefits identified. The paper provides an overview of sustainable distance learning within higher education and discusses the differences between learning outside the structural environment of a profession, what it means for the student’s learning experience and the potential to overcome barriers to distance learning. This is a very timely topic in the times of COVID-10 pandemic. Lockdowns of the economy and social life impacted all spheres of education with schools and universities closed for long periods of time and all teaching moved to online and distance mode. However, coronavirus pandemic also brought the digital surge in the system of education, including the sustainable education. All these innovations might stay after the pandemic and help the education to evolve and to embrace more novel trends and technologies.
Role of education in implementing the sustainable development strategy
Authors: Krayneva Raisa , Rudenko Aleksandr , Motylev Roman
Published: April 2021

Our paper aims at assessing the role of education in implementing the strategy for sustainable development. We show how education might be used to promote the provisions set out by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the UNESCO Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We argue that sustainable education might help to give the young people necessary knowledge and skills that are required to understand what the SDGs represent and to take part in implementing the necessary changes and mitigating the climate change and the global warming as well-informed and concerned citizens. Understanding and embracing the concept of sustainability represents one of the main issues of the society and education plays a key role in that process. Thence, we think that the role of education is sustainable development strategy is crucial which requires additional support for education from the governments and private actors.
Political strategies applied in Romania wind energy market in a medium and long run
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Nazarov Anton
Published: April 2021

This paper analyses the main measures to be adopted in the field of wind energy in the medium and long term in Romania and assesses the progress made by Romania in comparison with the European Union and the objectives set by the Community institutions. The paper aims to identify opportunities for the development of the wind energy sector based on existing resources, which will be a positive factor in generating positive economic and social effects. The study indicates that Romania has a high potential for wind resources, which can be harnessed through appropriate policies to support projects related to this type of energy.
Mechanism reliability and sensitivity analysis of landing gear under multiple failure modes
Authors: Zhou Changcong , Ji Mengyao , Zhang Yishang , Liu Fuchao , Zhao Haodong
Published: April 2021

For a certain type of aircraft landing gear retraction-extension mechanism, a multi-body dynamic simulation model is established, and the time-dependent curves of force and angle are obtained. Considering the random uncertainty of friction coefficient, assembly error, and the change of hinge wear under different retraction times, the reliability model is built including three failure modes of landing gear, i.e. blocking failure, positioning failure and accuracy failure. Based on the adaptive Kriging model, the reliability and sensitivity of retraction-extension system under the condition of single failure mode and multiple failure modes in series are analyzed, and the rule of reliability and sensitivity changing with the number of operations is given. The results show that the system failure probability of landing gear mechanism tends to decrease first and then increase when considering the given information of random factors, and the influences of random factors on the failure probability vary with the number of operations. This work provides a viable tool for the reliability analysis and design of landing gear mechanisms.
An asynchronous neighbor discovery protocol based on double tokens in directional ad hoc networks
Authors: Zhang Hang , Li Bo , Yan Zhongjiang , Li Xinru , Yang Mao , Qin Jiancun
Published: April 2021

Aiming at the problem of slow neighbor discovery speed of sector antenna neighbor discovery (SAND) protocol based single token, an asynchronous sector antenna neighbor discovery protocol based double tokens (D-SAND) is proposed. The double tokens include one master token and one slave token. The master token holder (MTH) starts its neighbor nodes discovery process by sending hone-in message through beam scanning, and ends this process when each neighbor node is discovered. Then, MTH passes the master token to the next hop master token holder (nMTH). At the same time, MTH sends the location information of the nMTH node to its parent master token holder (MTP) from which it obtains its token. MTP determines whether to generate a slave token according to that if there exists a neighbor node with a distance greater than 2R from nMTH, where R represents the communication distance. If there exists one such neighbor, MTP generates a slave token and passes it to that neighbor node, who can begin the neighbor discovering process. The time conditions are theoretically derived when these two tokens begin their neighbor discovering process respectively and without interference to each other. Simulation results show that compared to Q-SAND(quick-SAND), the proposed D-SAND protocol reduces the network-wide neighbor discovery time about by 10%.
On-chip data organization and access strategy for spaceborne SAR real-time imaging processor
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Zhang Shengbing , Huang Xiaoping , Lyu Hao
Published: April 2021

Spaceborne SAR(synthetic aperture radar) imaging requires real-time processing of enormous amount of input data with limited power consumption. Designing advanced heterogeneous array processors is an effective way to meet the requirements of power constraints and real-time processing of application systems. To design an efficient SAR imaging processor, the on-chip data organization structure and access strategy are of critical importance. Taking the typical SAR imaging algorithm-chirp scaling algorithm-as the targeted algorithm, this paper analyzes the characteristics of each calculation stage engaged in the SAR imaging process, and extracts the data flow model of SAR imaging, and proposes a storage strategy of cross-region cross-placement and data sorting synchronization execution to ensure FFT/IFFT calculation pipelining parallel operation. The memory wall problem can be alleviated through on-chip multi-level data buffer structure, ensuring the sufficient data providing of the imaging calculation pipeline. Based on this memory organization and access strategy, the SAR imaging pipeline process that effectively supports FFT/IFFT and phase compensation operations is therefore optimized. The processor based on this storage strategy can realize the throughput of up to 115.2 GOPS, and the energy efficiency of up to 254 GOPS/W can be achieved by implementing 65 nm technology. Compared with conventional CPU+GPU acceleration solutions, the performance to power consumption ratio is increased by 63.4 times. The proposed architecture can not only improve the real-time performance, but also reduces the design complexity of the SAR imaging system, which facilitates excellent performance in tailoring and scalability, satisfying the practical needs of different SAR imaging platforms.
Fast guidance method of lunar landing based on dynamic programming
Authors: Zhao Hongqian , Dai Honghua , Dang Zhaohui
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a novel multi-stage trajectory transfer and fixed-point landing time optimal guidance method for the lunar surface emergency rescue mission is proposed. Firstly, the whole process motion and dynamics model for the lunar surface emergency rescue with four stages are established. Then, in the initial orbit transfer phase, the Lambert algorithm based on "prediction + correction" is designed for the non spherical gravitational perturbation of the moon. In the powered descent phase, the Hamiltonian function is used to design a time suboptimal explicit guidance law that can be applied in orbit in real time. Finally, aiming at the multi-stage global time optimal guidance, the whole time process guidance law is obtained by establishing the allowable control set for each stage in the whole process. The simulation results show that compared with the piecewise optimal control method, the present method has better optimization effect and shorter whole process time. It is of great significance to the possible emergency rescue mission of manned lunar exploration in the future.
Effect of cold expansion on fatigue life of double lap structure
Authors: Peng Hang , Qin Jianbo , Zhao Tianjiao
Published: April 2021

The finite element simulation analysis was used to determine the weak parts of the fatigue life of a double lap structure, for which the cold expansion finite element model was established. The effect of the cold expansion of slotted bushings on the residual stress distribution around the hole of the double lap structure under different interferences was deeply studied, and the optimal interference amount was determined to be 2.5%. The effect of reaming on the residual stress distribution around the hole was studied. The residual stress distribution around the edge of the hole under actual loading conditions before and after cold expansion was compared to provide a theoretical analysis basis for extending the fatigue life of the specimen after cold expansion. The China-made and free- forged 7A85 aluminum alloy specimen was used to obtain the fatigue life and DFR value of the double lap structure after ordinary hole making and the cold expansion of slotted bushing. The results show that the fatigue life under 95% confidence and 95% reliability after cold expansion strengthening increases by about 49% and that the tested DFR value increases by about 9.8%.
Notrufe und gemeldete Hauptbeschwerden während der COVID-19-Pandemie in der Leitstelle der Berliner Feuerwehr
Authors: Breuer Florian , Brettschneider Paul , Pommerenke Christopher , Poloczek Stefan , Dahmen Janosch
Published: April 2021

Einleitung Die Notrufabfrage in Berlin erfolgt unter Anwendung des Priority Dispatch Systems. Ein spezielles Notrufabfrageprotokoll wird in der Leitstelle der Berliner Feuerwehr seit dem 28.02.2020 genutzt.

Methodik Es werden das Notrufaufkommen und Notrufverhalten zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie sowie die Entwicklung und die Auslastung von Notverlegungen anhand von Daten aus dem Einsatzleitsystem dargestellt.

Ergebnisse Im betrachteten Zeitraum vom 21.02.2020 bis zum 30.04.2020 waren Anruf- und Einsatzzahlen kontinuierlich auf einem hohen Niveau. Ab dem 18.03.2020 (Lockdown) sind diese gesunken. Unter den in der standardisierten Notrufabfrage angewendeten Hauptbeschwerdeprotokollen wurde vermehrt das Protokoll „Pandemie/Epidemie/Ausbruch“ angewendet.

Schlussfolgerung Die andauernde Pandemie stellt sowohl die Rettungsleitstellen als auch die operativen Einsatzkräfte vor besondere Herausforderungen. Rettungsleitstellen haben als primäre ständig erreichbare Stelle eine zentrale Bedeutung, eine standardisierte Notrufabfrage bietet erweiterte Möglichkeiten, auf eine Pandemielage zu reagieren.
Intracranial 131I-chTNT Brachytherapy in Patients with Deep-Seated Glioma: A Single-center Experience with 10-Year Follow-up from China
Authors: Zhao Ming , Fu Xiangping , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Anmin , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Xuexiu
Published: April 2021

Objective The intracranial brachytherapy has been applied for decades, however, no results with long-term follow-up have been reported. This study investigated the long-term efficiency of intra-tumoral injection of 131I-chTNT in patients with deep-seated glioma.

Method Thirty-five patients undergoing 131I-chTNT brachytherapy between December 2004 and May 2009 were enrolled. 131I-chTNT was injected at a dose of 1.5 mCi/cm3 at an interval of 1 month for consecutive 3 times. Serial ECT scan and MRI were performed during follow-up. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Adverse reactions were graded with WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for determining the severity of adverse events.

Results ECT scan showed that enhanced accumulation of radioactive agents in the tumor lasted for more than 30 days. Three months after final injection, tumor complete remission (CR) was observed in 4 patients (11.4 %), partial remission (PR) in 11 cases (31.4 %), stable disease (SD) in 10 cases (28.6 %) and progressive disease (PD) in 10 cases (28.6 %). At 6-month, CR, PR, SD and PD were 2, 6, 12 and 15 respectively. After 10 years of follow-up, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.4 and 11.4 months. One-year survival was 45.7 %, two and five-year survival was 8.6 %, ten-year survival was 5.7 %. Multivariate analysis showed that pathological grade and tumor diameter were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Grade I–II adverse events occurred after drug injection, including nausea, fever, headache, hairloss and fatigue.

Conclusion 131I-chTNT intracranial brachytherapy is efficient and safe for patients with deep-seated glioma. It is a reliable option for inoperable glioma patients.
Fachkräftemangel und Robotik: Zeit für innovative Lösungen
Authors: Bornemeier Olaf
Published: April 2021

54 Prozent der deutschen Unternehmen erwarten schon 2021 personelle Engpässe.
Axion electrodynamics in topological materials
Authors: Sekine Akihiko , Nomura Kentaro
Published: April 2021

One of the intriguing properties characteristic to three-dimensional topological materials is the topological magnetoelectric phenomena arising from a topological term called the θ term. Such magnetoelectric phenomena are often termed the axion electrodynamics since the θ term has exactly the same form as the action describing the coupling between a hypothetical elementary particle, axion, and a photon. The axion was proposed about 40 years ago to solve the so-called strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics and is now considered a candidate for dark matter. In this Tutorial, we overview theoretical and experimental studies on the axion electrodynamics in three-dimensional topological materials. Starting from the topological magnetoelectric effect in three-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological insulators, we describe the basic properties of static and dynamical axion insulators whose realizations require magnetic orderings. We also discuss the electromagnetic responses of Weyl semimetals with a focus on the chiral anomaly. We extend the concept of the axion electrodynamics in condensed matter to topological superconductors, whose responses to external fields can be described by a gravitational topological term analogous to the θ term.