bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Property, Custom, and Religion in Early Nineteenth-Century
Bombay
Authors: Issar Sukriti
Published: December 2021

Analysis of a novel source of data about early nineteenth-century Bombay, with a novel methodology, makes an important contribution to debates about inter-religious contact in South Asia. Bombay’s register of sales deeds, which lists the names of buyers, sellers, and neighbors, also permits identification of their religious affiliations when supplemented with archival information about the bureaucratic practices affecting property transactions. Findings suggest that property transactions within religious groups comprised most of the sales (60 percent). Contemporary petitions show that residents sometimes appealed to the state to prevent the sale of property to people who did not share their religion.
‘We are in a Battle with the Virus’: Hamas, Hezbollah, and covid-19
Authors: Alijla Abdalhadi
Published: December 2021

This article examines the response of two non-state actors, Hezbollah and Hamas, to the coronavirus pandemic in Lebanon and Palestine. It studies the patterns of governance, practicalities, leadership, and legitimacy both parties deployed during the Covid-19 crisis. It argues that non-state actors usually imitate states by trying to acquire legitimacy in such cases. The coronavirus was sectarianised, politicised, and used to gain external and local legitimacy by Hamas and Hezbollah, respectively. The success of non-state actors in managing the coronavirus pandemic was rooted in two factors: the existence of a pre-existing and well-developed welfare system, and the party’s capacity to mobilise its constituencies mainly through charismatic leadership. The paper is based on primary sources, including interviews, news articles, and social media.
Academic Integrity and Audiobooks
Authors: Bacaller Sarah
Published: December 2021

Audiobooks offer increased accessibility and new ways of engaging with scholarly texts. Although the development of academic audiobooks is in a relatively early stage, one significant issue that is yet to receive appropriate attention is the presentation of referenced materials in audio form. Presently, this is approached on a case-by-case basis with no centralized industry standards, and so protocols are either set by individual publishers or negotiated between rights-holders and narrators. Narrators usually adopt one of four options for dealing with notes or other referencing tools: complete omission; addition of audio effects to differentiate the reading of references from the primary narrative; reading the reference notes at the end of a chapter or the book; or including with the audiobook files an optional PDF download with reference details. These options give consideration to aesthetic issues, but it is uncertain whether they do justice to questions of academic integrity. The purpose of this article is to encourage scholarly dialogue and a conversation between the audio publishing industry and academia on this issue, and to begin working towards a ‘best practice’ framework that satisfies questions of both aesthetic experience and academic integrity.
So, Did We Really Find Yesayan?
Authors: Aktokmakyan Maral
Published: December 2021

This think piece aims to locate the problematic interest in the work of Zabel Yesayan in the heart of the much broader question of the fate of Armenian literary studies and criticism. The critique presented here provides a quick glance over the timeline of this interest through the intellectual touchstones accomplished over the last two decades then followed by the contemplation of a series of issues that lie behind a particular kind of fetishizing attitude. These issues include the predominant and privileged status of the discipline of history, the misleading state of Yesayan translations, and the illiterate – both in the literal and figurative senses of the word – therefore scandalous state of contemporary academia. My conclusory remarks, returning to what I describe as “Yesayan fever,” are part of an attempt towards a rhizomatic reading that would liberate the author from overloaded feminist and genocide-based readings.
The spider genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 (Araneae: Oecobiidae) in Yemen
Authors: RHEIMS CRISTINA A. , SANTOS ADALBERTO J. , Van HARTEN ANTONIUS
Published: December 2021

Three species of Uroctea are recorded from Yemen. Uroctea concolor Simon, 1882, the only species of the genus originally described from Yemen, is redescribed and illustrated based on the type specimen. Uroctea sudanensis Benoit, 1966, originally known only from Sudan, is first reported outside Africa. Uroctea thaleri sp.n. is described, illustrated and recorded from other Middle-Eastern and Asian localities based on literature data.
A preliminary revision of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutière, 1909 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , TÓTH EVA
Published: December 2021

The western Atlantic Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutière, 1909 species complex is revised based on the type material kept in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC (USNM), specimens from Dominica, Puerto Rico and some other Caribbean localities (USNM), and fresh material recently collected in Belize and Panama. The type material of S. paraneptunus, composed of three specimens, appears to include more than one species. Therefore, S. paraneptunus is restricted to the holotype from Morrosquillo, Colombia, dredged from 77 m. The identity of the two paratypes, one of them an abnormal female, could not be satisfyingly determined. Five species are described as new. Synalpheus duffyi n. sp. is described based on the recently collected material from Isla Grande, Panama. The colony structure of S. duffyi n. sp., including the large number of sexually undeveloped individuals and one larger breeding female, suggests eusocial life style. A further presumably eusocial species, S. riosi n. sp., significantly larger than S. duffyi n. sp., is described based on 139 specimens from Dominica, all apparently forming a single colony. Furthermore, three pair-living species are recognized: S. brevidactylus n. sp. from Isla Grande and Bocas del Toro, Panama; S. bocas n. sp. from Bocas del Toro, Panama, S. belizensis n. sp. from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. All reported species are contrasted to each other morphologically; occurrence (in large groups vs. pairwise) and colour patterns are also considered where data is available. A provisionary key to six known species of the S. paraneptunus complex is provided.
Redescription of Minosiella intermedia Denis, 1958 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) with
first description of the male
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , KOVBLYUK MYKOLA M.
Published: December 2021

Minosiella Dalmas, 1921 is a small genus of Gnaphosinae spiders comprising only six species known from western Palaearctic, ranging from Algeria to Afghanistan (Platnick, 2009). Males of this genus can be easily recognized thanks to strong cymbial spines (Figs 1–3, 9–11). Four species of Minosiella are known from both sexes, and two from females only. One of the latter, Minosiella intermedia Denis, 1958 was reported from Turkmenistan and from the Aral Sea (Ovtsharenko & Fet, 1980; Krivokhatski & Fet, 1982; Mikhailov, 1997). Although this species was reported several times from the former Soviet Union and not less than 450 specimens of M. intermedia have been collected in Karakum Desert (Krivokhatski & Fet, 1982), the male of this species was not described yet.
Nesobasis rito sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae), a new species of forest damselfly from Vanua Levu, Fiji
Authors: RIVAS-TORRES ANAIS , RASHNI BINDIYA , WAQA-SAKITI HILDA , TUIWAWA MARIKA , LORENZO-CARBALLA MARÍA OLALLA , BEATTY CHRISTOPHER D. , CORDERO-RIVERA ADOLFO
Published: December 2021

Nesobasis rito sp. nov. (Holotype ♂, Fiji, Vanua Levu, Drawa, 31 v 2018, A. Rivas-Torres leg.) from the comosa group is here described, illustrated, diagnosed, and compared with morphologically close species of the genus. Nesobasis rito can be distinguished from its related congeners by the shape of the caudal appendages and the ligula. The most similar species are N. comosa and N. heteroneura, which, like N. rito, have the caudal appendages covered by dense setae (especially the first species), but the shape differs clearly in lateral view, with N. rito having longer and more slender appendages, and a basal tooth clearly seen in dorsal view, absent in other members of the comosa group. The specific status of the collected specimens is also supported by the results of genetic analyses, where N. rito appears as a well-supported monophyletic clade. Nesobasis rito also has a distinct distribution from its most similar congeners: it is found on Vanua Levu, while N. comosa is found on Viti Levu and the closely related N. heteroneura is found on Viti Levu and Ovalau. All species of this group are found in streams with native forest riparian vegetation on their respective islands.
The first fossilized comb-clawed beetle of the genus Asiomira Dubrovina, 1973 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) from Baltic Amber and notes on the distribution of extant species of the genus
Authors: NABOZHENKO MAXIM V. , BUKEJS ANDRIS
Published: December 2021

A new species of comb-clawed beetles of the genus Asiomira Dubrovina, 1973 (A. dubrovinae sp. n.) is described from the Eocene Baltic amber. This newly descovered fossil species displays typical generic characters and is the most similar to the extant Asiomira ophtalmica (Seidlitz, 1896). Both species share a similar shape of the pronotum and the flattened posterior angles of the pronotal disc. Asiomira dubrovinae sp. n. can be distinguished from A. ophtalmica by the smaller body size (4.8 mm in contrast to 6–8.12 mm), more serrate antennomeres, and finer and sparser pronotal punctation. Extant species of the genus are distributed in the arid landscapes of Central Asia with the highest diversity occurring in Tajikistan. Therefore the discovery of a new fossil species from Eocene Baltic amber suggests that Asiomira could have a wider range, and the modern distribution of this group is the result of a later secondary expansion of the ancestral representatives that survived in mid-mountain areas with arboreal and shrub vegetation. Relevant corrections to the distribution of extant species, Asiomira ophtalmica (Seidlitz, 1896) and Asiomira firjusana (Dubrovina, 1973), are given.
Review of the genus Taurotettix Haupt, 1929 (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Cicadulini): morphology, acoustic signals, and geographical variability
Authors: TISHECHKIN DMITRI YU.
Published: December 2021

The leafhopper genus Taurotettix includes two subgenera, Taurotettix (Taurotettix) and Taurotettix (Callistrophia), and three species, T. (T.) beckeri (Fieber, 1885), T. (C.) modesta (Mityaev, 1971), and T. (C.) elegans (Melichar, 1900). T. (C.) elegans is subdivided into two subspecies, T. (C.) elegans elegans and T. (C.) elegans subornata (Mityaev, 1971) stat. nov. Illustrated descriptions and data on biology and distribution for all taxa are given. Oscillograms of male calling signals of T. (T.) beckeri, T. (C.) modesta, and T. (C.) elegans elegans are provided. A hypothesis about speciation in Taurotettix (Callistrophia) is presented.
Tumor Antigen-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review
Authors: Zhao Jiaxuan , Du Guangsheng , Sun Xun
Published: December 2021

As an important means of tumor immunotherapy, tumor vaccines have achieved exciting results in the past few decades. However, there are still many obstacles that hinder tumor vaccines from achieving maximum efficacy, including lack of tumor antigens, low antigen immunogenicity and poor
delivery efficiency. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed and investigated various new types of tumor antigens with higher antigenic specificity and broader antigen spectrum, such as tumor-specific peptide antigens, tumor lysates, tumor cell membrane, tumor associated exosomes,
etc. At the same time, different nanoparticulate delivery platforms have been developed to increase the immunogenicity of the tumor antigens, for example by increasing their targeting efficiency of antigen-presenting cells and lymph nodes, and by co-delivering antigens with adjuvants. In this
review, we summarized different types of the tumor antigens that have been reported, and introduced several nanovaccine strategies for increasing the immunogenicity of tumor antigens. The review of recent progress in these fields may provide reference for the follow-up studies of tumor antigen-based
cancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor, Pamiparib (BGB-290) in Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Characterization of Its Nanocarrier
Authors: Xu Xi , Wang Jian , Tong Tong , Lin Shao-Fen , Liu Congmin , Zhou Dunhua
Published: December 2021

Despite the continuous improvement of leukemia treatment in the clinic, the overall 5-year disease-free survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is only approximately 30%–60% due to relapse and the refractoriness of AML after traditional chemotherapy. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)
polymerase (PARP), a member of the DNA damage repair complex, has a strong antitumor effect in solid tumors. However, the role of PARP in AML remains unclear. We found that high levels of PARP1 and PARP2 were positively related to chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in patients with
AML. Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant AML cells highly expressed PAPR1 and PARP2. Knockdown of PARP1 and PARP2, or pharmaceutical inhibition of PARP by the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) BGB-290, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX in AML cells due to increased DNA damage. PLGA-loading BGB-290
was properly self-assembled into stable BGB-290@PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), which is uniform particle size and good stability. BGB-290@PLGA is easily uptake by AML cell lines and stays for a long time. Combined with DOX, BGB-290@PLGA can significantly improve the chemosensitivity of AML cell
lines. Furthermore, BGB-290 and DOX combination treatment dramatically repressed the onset of leukemia and prolonged the survival of THP-1 xenografted mice. Overall, this study demonstrated that PARPi with traditional chemotherapy could be an efficient therapeutic strategy for AML.
Stratospheric Gravity Waves Excited by a Propagating Rossby Wave Train—A DEEPWAVE Case Study
Authors: Dörnbrack Andreas , Eckermann Stephen D. , Williams Bifford P. , Haggerty Julie
Published: December 2021

Stratospheric gravity waves observed during the DEEPWAVE research flight RF25 over the Southern Ocean are analyzed and compared with numerical weather prediction (NWP) model results. The quantitative agreement of the NWP model output and the tropospheric and lower-stratospheric observations is remarkable. The high-resolution NWP models are even able to reproduce qualitatively the observed upper-stratospheric gravity waves detected by an airborne Rayleigh lidar. The usage of high-resolution ERA5 data—partially capturing the long internal gravity waves—enabled a thorough interpretation of the particular event. Here, the observed and modeled gravity waves are excited by the stratospheric flow past a deep tropopause depression belonging to an eastward-propagating Rossby wave train. In the reference frame of the propagating Rossby wave, vertically propagating hydrostatic gravity waves appear stationary; in reality, of course, they are transient and propagate horizontally at the phase speed of the Rossby wave. The subsequent refraction of these transient gravity waves into the polar night jet explains their observed and modeled patchy stratospheric occurrence near 60°S. The combination of both unique airborne observations and high-resolution NWP output provides evidence for the one case investigated in this paper. As the excitation of such gravity waves persists during the quasi-linear propagation phase of the Rossby wave’s life cycle, a hypothesis is formulated that parts of the stratospheric gravity wave belt over the Southern Ocean might be generated by such Rossby wave trains propagating along the midlatitude waveguide.
Parental Death and Mid-adulthood Depressive Symptoms: The Importance of Life Course Stage and Parent’s Gender
Authors: Kamis Christina , Stolte Allison , Copeland Molly
Published: December 2021

Traditional theories of grief suggest that individuals experience short-term increases in depressive symptoms following the death of a parent. However, growing evidence indicates that effects of parental bereavement may persist. Situating the short- and long-term effects of parental death within the life course perspective, we assess the combined influence of time since loss and life course stage at bereavement on mental health for maternal and paternal death. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,877) to examine biological parental death from childhood to mid-adulthood, we find that those who experience recent maternal or paternal death have heightened depressive symptoms. Furthermore, those who experience maternal death in childhood or paternal death in young adulthood exhibit long-term consequences for mental health. Our findings underscore the theoretical importance of early life course stages and parent’s gender when determining whether depressive symptoms persist following parental bereavement.
Negotiating Mobility: Royal Dockyard Workers as Railway Excursion Agents and Social Entrepreneurs, 1880–1918
Authors: Bassett Melanie
Published: December 2021

From their creation in the mid-nineteenth century in Britain railway excursions provided working people with the means to expand their horizons and create new opportunities for identity- and money-making. This article explores the role of the social entrepreneur and their affect on social mobility. It also re-evaluates working-class leisure in the south of England and challenges the notion that the working-classes were not proactive in establishing their own unique commercial leisure cultures. Using a case study of two dockyard excursion enterprises, which were operated as sideline ventures by skilled artisans of the Royal Dockyard in Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK, the article will demonstrate how local working-class access to travel and cultural experiences were broadened and transformed through their initiatives and analyse the role and influence of these men on their co-workers and in wider society.
Lessons Learned by Rehabilitation Counselors and Physicians in Services to COVID-19 Long-Haulers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wong Jasin , Kudla Angelika , Pham Tri , Ezeife Nnaemezie , Crown Deborah , Capraro Pamela , Trierweiler Robert , Tomazin Stephanie , Heinemann Allen W.
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may cause long-lasting adverse consequences after acute recovery, including functional limitations and reduced work capacity. Individuals with long-lasting complications of COVID-19 are known as long-haulers. There is a knowledge gap on how COVID-19 complications affect return-to-work (RTW) efforts. We aimed to describe the challenges that long-haulers encounter when returning to work from the perspectives of rehabilitation professionals. In this study, four certified rehabilitation counselors and four rehabilitation physicians in U.S. outpatient rehabilitation centers participated in focus groups. Participants discussed challenges in working with long-haulers, including personal attributes, post–COVID-19 symptoms and complications, uncertain recovery and unpredictable outcomes, limited health care accessibility and support, and unsupportive work environments. Participants provide individualized services to meet long-haulers’ diverse needs as they do for all persons with disabilities, although they expressed uncertainty due to the variable disease course and risk of infection. Modifying workplace policies, especially gradual RTW, were frequently mentioned accommodations. The findings highlight the RTW issues of long-haulers. We provide recommendations on increasing awareness of the challenges and job accommodations of long-haulers.
EHealth Investment Appraisal in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Broomhead Sean C. , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard E. , Jones Tom
Published: December 2021

eHealth is an opportunity cost, competing for limited available funds with other health priorities such as clinics, vaccinations, medicines and even salaries. As such, it should be appraised for probable impact prior to allocation of funds. This is especially pertinent as recognition grows for the role of eHealth in attaining Universal Health Coverage. Despite optimism about eHealth’s potential role, in Africa there remain insufficient data and skills for adequate economic appraisals to select optimal investments from numerous competing initiatives. The aim of this review is to identify eHealth investment appraisal approaches and tools that have been used in African countries, describe their characteristics and make recommendations regarding African eHealth investment appraisal in the face of limited data and expertise. Methods: Literature on eHealth investment appraisals conducted in African countries and published between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020 was reviewed. Selected papers’ investment appraisal characteristics were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for economic evaluations and a newly developed Five-Case Model for Digital Health (FCM-DH) checklist for investment appraisal. 5 papers met inclusion criteria. Their assessments revealed important appraisal gaps. In particular, none of the papers addressed risk exposure, affordability, adjustment for optimism bias, clear delivery milestones, practical plans for implementation, change management or procurement, and only 1 paper described plans for building partnerships. Discussion: Using this insight, an extended 5-Case Model is proposed as the foundation of an African eHealth investment appraisal framework. This, combined with building local eHealth appraisal capabilities, may promote optimal eHealth investment decisions, strengthen implementations and improve the number and quality of related publications.
Trends of Healthcare-associated Infections in a Tuinisian University Hospital and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ghali Hela , Ben Cheikh Asma , Bhiri Sana , Khefacha Selwa , Latiri Houyem Said , Ben Rejeb Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Background

Although efforts to manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have understandably taken immediate priority, the impacts on traditional healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance and prevention efforts remain concerning.

Aim

To describe trends in HAIs in a Tunisian university hospital through repeated point prevalence surveys over 9 years, assess the impact of measures implemented for COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify associated factors of HAI.

Methods

The current study focused on data collected from annual point prevalence surveys conducted from 2012 to 2020. All types of HAIs as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were included. Data collection was carried out using NosoTun plug. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to identify HAI risk factors.

Results

Overall, 2729 patients were observed in the 9 surveys; the mean age was 48.3 ± 23.3 years and 57.5% were male. We identified 267 infected patients (9.8%) and 296 HAIs (10.8%). Pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infections were the most frequent HAI (24%), followed by urinary tract infection (20.9%).The prevalence of infected patients increased from 10.6% in 2012 to 14.9% in 2020. However, this increase was not statistically significant. The prevalence of HAIs increased significantly from 12.3% to 15.5% ( P =.003). The only decrease involved is bloodstream infections (from 2% to 1%). Independent risk factors significantly associated with HAI were undergoing surgical intervention (aOR = 1.7), the use of antibiotic treatment in previous 6 months (aOR = 1.8), peripheral line (aOR=2), parenteral nutrition (aOR=2.4), urinary tract within 7 days (aOR=2.4), central line (aOR = 6.3), and prosthesis (aOR = 12.8), length of stay (aOR = 3), and the year of the survey. Young age was found as protective factor (aOR = .98).

Conclusion

Contrary to what was expected, we noticed an increase in the HAIs rates despite the preventive measures put in place to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This was partly explained by the vulnerability of hospitalized patients during this period.
Studies on reinforcing effect of industrial nano silica in chloroprene vulcanizates containing carboxy-terminated liquid natural rubber
Authors: Sudhakaran Gopika , Avirah Shanti A
Published: December 2021

Maleic anhydride was chemically attached to depolymerized natural rubber, and the product was named as carboxy-terminated liquid natural rubber (CTNR). The CTNR can act as a potential plasticizer in chloroprene (CR) vulcanizates. This paper describes the use of commercial nano silica (NS) as a promising cost-effective filler, which can enhance the tensile properties and ageing resistance of the CR vulcanizates incorporated with CTNR (CR-CTNR). The enhancement in properties may be attributed to the increased bound-rubber content owing to the large surface area of the nano-sized filler. The characteristics of the NS-filled CR vulcanizates containing CTNR (NS CR-CTNR) were compared with those containing amorphous silica. The NS CR-CTNR vulcanizates showed superior ageing and oil resistance due to the finer rubber filler interaction modified by ionic cross linking.
Prediction of Occurrence and Severity of Run-off-Roadway Crashes on Rural Two-Lane Roadways Using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Kutela Boniphace , Avelar Raul E. , Geedipally Srinivas R. , Jhamb Ankit
Published: December 2021

Run-off-roadway (ROR) crashes are among the most common crash types on rural two-lane roadways. Current methodologies to predict their occurrence and severity by considering conditional nature and interactions between independent variables require complex mathematical procedures. This study employs Bayesian networks (BNs), a non-functional form graphical model, to determine factors associated with the occurrence and severity of ROR crashes. The study used five-year (2014–2018) crash data collected from 397 randomly selected road segments within Texas. Out of 397 segments, 279 did not experience ROR crashes. The first BN model used all 397 segments and explored factors associated with occurrences of ROR crashes. The second BN model used the remaining 118 segments that involved ROR crashes and focused on factors associated with different crash types (guardrail [GR], overturning [OT], and fixed object [FO] crashes) and their associated severity levels. Study results revealed that the presence of horizontal curves and utility poles within the clear zone on the road individually increased the chance of ROR crashes by about 35%. Moreover, FO crashes resulted in 36% more fatal and injury crashes than GR crashes, which showed the effectiveness of guardrails in reducing severity. This study also explored the combined influence of variables on ROR crash occurrence and severity, as well as the interrelation between several independent variables. The proposed methodology can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects of Quercetin Against Achilles Tendinopathy in Rats via Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Metalloproteinases
Authors: Semis Halil Sezgin , Gur Cihan , Ileriturk Mustafa , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet , Kaynar Ozgur
Published: December 2021

Background:

Achilles tendinopathy, seen in athletes and manual labor workers, is an inflammatory condition characterized by chronic tendon pain. Owing to the toxicity that develops in various organs attributed to the use of anti–inflammatory drugs, there is a need for new therapeutic agents.

Purpose:

In the present study, the effects of quercetin (Que), the one that attracted the most attention of researchers studying this group of flavonoids, were investigated against collagenase–induced tendinopathy.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Tendinopathy was created by injecting a single dose of collagenase (10 μL; 10 mg/mL) into the tendons of rats. Thirty minutes after the injection, Que was administered at doses of 25 or 50 mg/kg. Que administration was carried out for 7 days. Animals underwent a motility test at the end of the study. In addition, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy, as well as the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 2, 3, 9, and 13), ICAM-1, and STAT3, were measured in tendon tissues with biochemical, molecular, and Western blot techniques.

Results:

The results showed that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy were triggered by the injection of collagenase. In addition, MMPs, ICAM-1, and STAT3 were activated to participate in the development of tendinopathy. Que was found to reduce ICAM-1 levels in tendon tissue. Moreover, Que showed antioxidant, anti–inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic effects on tendons against tendinopathy. More important, Que suppressed the expression of MMPs in the tendon tissues.

Conclusion:

Que has protective properties against collagenase–induced tendon damage in rats.

Clinical Relevance:

We believe that with further study, Que may be shown to be an alternative treatment option for athletes or others who experience tendon injuries.
Conceptualizing and Utilizing Board Certified Behavior Analysts as Related Services Providers in Inclusion-Oriented Schools
Authors: Giangreco Michael F. , Pennington Robert C. , Walker Virginia L.
Published: December 2021

Although behavior analytic practices have been widely applied in schools to support students with disabilities, there remains limited guidance concerning utilization of these practices in inclusion-oriented schools and, more specifically, the role of the board certified behavior analyst in the provision of related services. The goal of this article is to encourage discussions among stakeholders hopefully leading to a clearer conceptualization and more effective utilization of behavior analytic practices in inclusion-oriented schools. In addition to discussing the conceptualization of behavior analytic services as a related service and the role of both board certified assistant behavior analysts and registered behavior technicians as paraprofessionals under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, we provide a set of guidelines for related services decision-making practices useful within a collaborative teamwork framework, including behavior analysts, and offer areas for future research.
Incongruent Impressions: Teacher, Parent, and Student Perceptions of Two Black Boys’ School Experiences
Authors: Cole-Lewis Yasmin C. O. , Hope Elan C. , Mustafaa Faheemah N. , Jagers Robert J.
Published: December 2021

For many Black boys, poor academic performance and high rates of school discipline are often related to biases in how they are perceived and treated at school. These biases oftentimes misalign with how Black boys view themselves and how family members perceive them at home. Few studies examine how different stakeholders’ perceptions of Black boys manifest and shape the middle school experience. The current study employed an embedded case study design, using data from eight semi-structured interviews to explore incongruence among student, teacher, and parent perceptions of two middle school Black boys’ academic and social experiences. Findings showed greater congruence between the boys’ experiences and their parents’ perceptions of them compared to their teachers’ perceptions of them. Of note were teachers’ inaccurate reports of the boys’ career aspirations and academic interests and abilities. Implications of these patterns and their impact on Black boys’ experiences in school are discussed.
Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Literature Review
Authors: Stevens Mark R. , Ghasemi Shohreh , Mashhadi Akbar Boojar Fargol , Dashti Mahmood
Published: December 2021

Acceptance of the preservation principle in rhinoplasty surgery has increased dramatically, and surgeons worldwide are now performing preservation rhinoplasty, leading to an expanding list of indications and techniques. Rhinoplasty surgeons are increasingly opting for rhinoplasty preservation because of its conservative approach and more predictable outcome. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty, as well as the techniques, indications, surgical protocols, complications, and any practical challenges associated with this type of rhinoplasty. A number of medical databases, including Medline-PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, were searched. These searches were supplemented with a manual search using the keyword “preservation rhinoplasty” (PR) during the 1970 to May 2020 time span. The search strategy was limited to case reports, randomized clinical trials, and prospective studies of preservation dorsal rhinoplasty in journals published in English. A total of 150 articles that incorporated preservation dorsal rhinoplasty as a newer surgical technique were reviewed: 136 from PubMed, 17 experimental studies from Embase, 17 clinical studies from Scopus, and 8 studies identified by data extraction. Preservation rhinoplasty represents a paradigm shift in rhinoplasty philosophy. While techniques continue to improve, the philosophy remains the same: preserving and reshaping the existing nasal structures. Although not all patients benefit from and are satisfied with PR and some may only benefit from partial PR, preserving the anatomy allows for a more intuitive operation and natural results. For a more exhaustive review, readers are encouraged to turn their attention to dorsal preservation as a versatile and adaptable technique. Dorsal preservation avoids long-term issues with the middle vault and keystone area, and the patient benefits from total preservation, as the underlying structure can be reshaped without disruption.
Validation of the Moral Disengagement for Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention Scale With Teacher Trainees
Authors: Baker Elizabeth , Exner-Cortens Deinera , Brun Isabel , Russell-Mayhew Shelly
Published: December 2021

Once in the workforce, teachers are often asked to participate in school-based adolescent dating violence prevention efforts. However, our understanding of how willing and able future teachers are to engage in dating violence prevention is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of available measurement tools. Understanding willingness before teachers are in the classroom is key to exploring how to help future teachers be more ready and able to engage in prevention efforts once they are in the classroom. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to develop and test a measure that assesses one aspect of teacher trainees’ willingness to engage in dating violence prevention efforts: moral disengagement. Using two independent samples of teacher trainees ( N = 400; 64.5% White, 75.0% female, 84.5% heterosexual), we explored the factor structure of the Moral Disengagement for Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention (MD-ADVP) scale. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (Sample 1, n = 222) and confirmatory factor analysis (Sample 2, n = 178), and also examined the factor structure across sub-groups and assessed internal consistency reliability and construct validity evidence. Analyses suggest the MD-ADVP is unidimensional, and that this factor structure holds across sub-groups. We found strong evidence of both reliability and construct (convergent and divergent) validity. As hypothesized, scores on the MD-ADVP demonstrated significant negative bivariate associations with scores on three measures of adolescent dating violence prevention-related beliefs, and no association with scores on a measure of weight bias. The MD-ADVP will advance research investigating teacher preparation for adolescent dating violence prevention efforts. For example, use of the MD-ADVP can illuminate whether teacher trainees’ moral disengagement is an indicator of future implementation success. Further testing of this measure in racially and gender diverse samples is needed.
Politization in Labor Conflict: Analyzing the Demands of Post-Authoritarian Chilean Strikes
Authors: Medel Rodrigo M. , Velásquez Diego , Pérez Domingo
Published: December 2021

By examining the demands of labor strikes in the private sector, this article claims that Chilean trade unions have experienced a politization process from the transition to democracy to our days (1990–2019). Assuming a Marxist perspective on the labor process, we propose operationalizing politization into three levels based on the nature of demands: (1) remunerative, (2) related to work conditions, and (3) related to the organization of the labor process. The study regards these three levels as a latent variable ranging from less to more control over the productive process, but, also, as a continuum ranging from more legal demands to more illegal demands according to Chilean labor regulation. The results show an increase of politized demands (i.e. more control and less legality) through the years. This case study sheds light on the consequences of a rigid and ineffective regulation and on the necessity to rethink politics in the workplace.
Effect of hub clearance size and shape of a cantilevered stator on the performance of a small-scale transonic axial compressor
Authors: Zhang Botao , Liu Bo , Mao Xiaochen , Wu Xiaoxiong , Wang Hejian
Published: December 2021

To deeply understand the hub leakage flow and its influence on the aerodynamic performance and flow behaviors of a small-scale transonic axial compressor, variations of the performance and the flow field of the compressor with different hub clearance sizes and clearance shapes were numerically analyzed. The results indicate that the hub clearance size has remarkable impacts on the overall performance of the compressor. With the increase of the hub clearance, the intensity of the hub leakage flow increases, resulting in more intense flow blockage near the stator hub, which reduces the compressor efficiency. However, the flow field near the blade mid-span is modified due to the more convergent flow as the reduced effective flow area caused by the passage blockage, and the flow separation range is narrowed, thus the flow stability of the compressor is enhanced. On this basis, two kinds of non-uniform clearance cases of expanding clearance and shrinking clearance with the same circumferential leakage area as the design clearance were investigated. The occurrence position of the double leakage flow which is closely connected with the flow loss and blockage is shifted backward by the expanding clearance, the flow capacity near the stator hub is enhanced, and the unsteady fluctuation intensity of the flow field is attenuated but fluctuation frequency remains. Similarly, the modification of the stator blade root flow field may result in the reduction of stall margin. The effect of the shrinking clearance on compressor performance is opposite to that of the expanding clearance, which reduces the peak efficiency and delays the stall inception.
Public communication at research universities: Moving towards (de)centralised communication of science?
Authors: Entradas Marta
Published: December 2021

This research note reports empirical observations on public communication of research institutes within universities, using data from an international quantitative study in eight countries ( N = 2030). The note aims to contribute to discussions on the role of science communication at research universities. We observe growing science communication at the institute level, which indicates, at a first glance, a trend towards decentralised communication of science. We argue that these might be places where science communication and public engagement can thrive. Rather than claiming to be conclusive, our goal here is to stimulate discussion on the ongoing changes in the organisational science communication landscape, and the consequences it may have for practice.
Book review: Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India
Authors: Tilak Jandhyala B. G.
Published: December 2021

Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India (SAGE Studies in Higher Education). SAGE Publications, 2021, 415 pp., ₹1495, ISBN: 9789353885021 (Hardback).
Book review: Alex M. Thomas, Macroeconomics: An Introduction
Authors: Das Debarshi
Published: December 2021

Alex M. Thomas, Macroeconomics: An Introduction. Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2021, xx + 234 pp. ISBN: 978-1108731997 (Paperback).
Increase of Urban Women’s Work Participation and Quality of Employment in Paid-Domestic Work: A Survey in Delhi-NCR and Kolkata-Asansol
Authors: Endow Tanuka , Majumder Rajarshi , Rustagi Preet , Mukherjee Nandini
Published: December 2021

A rise in female work participation in the urban sector creates a vacancy for care work at the household level and triggers a second round of job creation for females. In order to explore whether this process gives rise to decent employment for the female domestic workers (FDWs), a primary survey was conducted among domestic workers in the cities of Delhi, Noida, Kolkata and Asansol. The workers surveyed are, by and large, in low-wage, precarious employment, without social security and have an exhausting routine of work inside and outside the home. Apart from the lack of job security, sickness and disease also add to the uncertainty. Given the double burden of income-earning work and own domestic work, the FDW is crucially dependent on her health and strength, and often incurs health-related expenditure. But they contribute to their household income and have some autonomy in household decision-making. The informal working conditions for these workers, the need for social security and their low wage levels are all areas that need serious attention from policy-makers. Health insurance and pension plans would benefit the domestic workers, given that their work involves a requirement for robust health and the strength that youth brings with it.
Individual differences in music reward sensitivity influence the perception of emotions represented by music
Authors: Fuentes-Sánchez Nieves , Pastor M. Carmen , Eerola Tuomas , Pastor Raúl
Published: December 2021

Although music is one of the most important sources of pleasure for many people, there are considerable individual differences in music reward sensitivity. Behavioral and neurobiological characterizations of music reward variability have been topics of increasing scientific interest over the last two decades. However, it is not clear how differences in music reward sensitivity might influence the perception of emotions represented by music and, specifically, how music reward sensitivity could influence subjective music evaluation when the affective valence of music is considered. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between music reward sensitivity and the perception of emotions in music, taking into account the emotional category of stimuli (pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant music clips). Music reward and emotion perception were also explored as a function of gender, musicianship, and music discrimination skills. We used the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire and the previously validated Film Music Stimulus Set (FMSS); participants rated FMSS excerpts for affective dimensions (valence, energy, and tension arousal) and discrete emotions (happiness, anger, fear, tenderness, and sadness). Our results showed that music reward was the main factor influencing FMSS evaluation, particularly for excerpts associated with positive affect. Gender had an important influence on evaluations linked to the negative pole of emotions, and music discrimination skills seemed to be associated with cognitive aspects of music analysis, rather than with the emotional architecture of pleasant music excerpts. Our findings highlight the need to consider music reward sensitivity and gender in studies of music and emotion, and open the possibility of using the FMSS in studies exploring the neurobiological and psychosocial bases of music emotion.
A System Justification Theory of Entrepreneurial Attitudinal Change During a Crisis
Authors: Liu Kun , Fu Kun , Yang Jing Yu , Al Asady Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Entrepreneurship resilience during a crisis is an important research area. However, prior research has not examined cognitive antecedents of entrepreneurial resilience. Using the 2014 oil price crisis in the Middle East as a natural experiment, we draw on system justification theory to understand why and how entrepreneurs differ in the extent of their attitudinal changes toward corruption. We find foreign entrepreneurs substantially increased their willingness to engage in corruption whereas local entrepreneurs did not. Among foreign entrepreneurs, corruption willingness increases more among those from countries where corruption is not the norm, than those from more corrupt home countries.
The Effect of Transcultural Nursing Course on Students’ Moral Sensitivity: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Yüksel Kaçan Cevriye
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The moral sensitivity of nurses positively affects the quality of patient care. For this reason, nursing students are expected to gain moral sensitivity skills during their education. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of transcultural nursing course (TNC) on the moral sensitivity levels of students.

Methods:

This study had a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 100 nursing students (intervention: 36 and control: 64). The intervention group was composed of students who had enrolled in the TNC. The data were collected through the Sociodemographic Information Form and the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire. Independent samples t-test and analysis of variance were used in data analysis.

Results:

The moral sensitivity levels of the students who received the TNC were significantly higher than those who did not.

Discussion:

The TNC is an effective teaching method in increasing the moral sensitivity levels of nursing students.
Barriers to Accessing Healthcare: Perspectives from Autistic Adults and Carers
Authors: Calleja Shenae , Kingsley Jonathan , Amirul Islam Fakir M , McDonald Rachael
Published: December 2021

Autistic adults have higher health needs compared to most, yet they continue to experience barriers to accessing appropriate healthcare. Presently, no qualitative research exists exploring these barriers which impact overall physical and mental health. We conducted a qualitative analysis in Victoria (Australia) of the perceived experiences of healthcare access for autistic adults ( n = 9) and primary caregivers of autistic adults ( n = 7). Specifically, a three-staged phenomenological approach was applied involving: (i) a communicative checklist, (ii) a health status survey and (iii) face-to-face interviews. Elements such as support, responsibilities and protective factors exhibited by caregivers, may impact healthcare access for autistic adults. Results indicate the need for further research exploring interdependent factors that impact healthcare access by caregivers, so evidence-based interventions can be developed to support caregivers in the future.