bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drilling with Casing to Address Formation Troubles in Surface Hole
Authors: Alexeyenko Alexey , Han Kyungnam , Petrenko Maxim , Chutchev Eduard
Published: October 2022

Subsurface anomalies can present complex well construction challenges. These anomalies to name a few are irregular wellbore stress profiles, low fracture gradients that require complex mud programs and, in some cases, total fluid losses while drilling. Poor wellbore stability is a common result of such anomalies and service companies serving the industry develop technologies to address, mitigate against and overcome these issues.

A gas well encountered such a challenge. While drilling the 17″ section complete fluid losses were encountered. These losses generally uncommon in the field and were attributed to a seismic anomaly. This resulted in poor wellbore stability and led to multiple lost BHAs and sidetrack attempts. The surface casing design did not allow for extensive remedial options so rather than continuing recovery operations it was decided to suspend well construction and spud an offset well 50 meters away.

Equipped with the knowledge of the drilling problems from the direct offset, the potential problems they represent and considering the proximity, it was decided to introduce two engineered solutions to mitigate against these challenges and secure successful well construction. First, the surface casing design was modified and the 18-5/8″ casing was set deeper and second, casing while drilling (CWD) technology was introduced to drill for 13-3/8″ intermediate casing from the 18-5/8″ shoe to 13 3/8″ casing point (CP). During planning it was concluded that casing drilling technology would allow to simultaneously keep every foot drilled behind casing, under total losses conditions. Furthermore, CwD would minimize the open hole time compared to conventional drilling practices, an important factor when mitigating against risks from poor wellbore stability.

Approximately 4.5 days after setting the 18-5/8″ surface casing, a 16″ CwD drill bit made-up to 13-3/8″ casing successfully drilled 1575 ft with total losses and cemented in place across an interbedded formation. This was a starkly different result compared to the direct offset where operations were suspended after many more days between setting the 18-5/8″ to decision to suspend.
Analysis, Comparison, and Results of the Effectiveness of a PDC Bit Containing Fracturing and Shearing Elements When Drilling Challenging Heterogeneous Section Containing Massive Cherts
Authors: Nunez Ygnacio Jesus , Ruiz Fernando , Al Mutawa Ahmed Abdulla , Al Shamisi Eisa Daban , Al Rahma Rahma Ahmed , Hamdy Ibrahim , Jawadekar Rohan Vijay , Lari Aliya Mohamed , Connelly Nicola , El-Hafez Hany , Fierro Juan Carlos , Atallah Lama
Published: October 2022

A new PDC Bit design containing fracturing and shearing elements which can deliver improved ROP in a single trip to drill a challenging heterogeneous section containing massive chert compared to previously used conventional hybrid or roller cone bit designs. The demonstration is supported by a real field case from an unconventional gas exploratory field project in Abu Dhabi.

In this unconventional field, 6 wells have been drilled using 4 Bits on average to complete the 12 ¼″ section (Tricone and PDC) where the presence of chert has resulted in additional trips due to Bit life. The massive content of abrasive cherts is approximately 2,000 ft thick, reason why it was decided to think of a new customized PDC Bit design and use it in well # 7. Plan is to prove that is possible to introduce an alternative option to complete the section in one trip and stablish a comparison with previous wells where Hybrid Bits were used.

The new unique PDC design features dual row cutters, new shaped cutters, advance elements to reduce vibration and sensing at the bit technology to increase the efficiency in rock interaction. It will be used in the ongoing exploratory project to demonstrate its advantage in terms of cost saving and rig time reduction. Reduction target at least 15% is anticipated while increasing the ROP and eliminating a trip across the chert formation. The study will compare the data with previously used Hybrid Bit and create a basement for the exploratory field in 12 ¼″ section. A strong hypothesis is that this bit will complete the well in this particular area and optimizing drilling cost in development studies. All the analysis, studies and design have been done and completed during Q2 and Q3

Where such non-homogenous formations containing massive abrasive cherts can be crossed and have detrimental impact on the bit life, the novelty is to bring to the stage a new PDC bit, which will be able to offer a different alternative by reducing torque, having healthier wells, and optimizing drilling cost in this unconventional field where drilling CAPEX reduction are paramount.
A New Workflow to Study the Impact of Artificial Maturations on the Petrophysical Properties of Unconventional Shale Rocks
Authors: Hassan Amjed M. , Elsayed Mahmoud K. , Oshaish Ali A. , Al-Ofi Salah M. , El-Husseiny Ammar Ammar H. , Abu-Mahfouz Israa S , Mahmoud Mohamed A. , Abouelresh Mohamed O. , Attia Hussein M.
Published: October 2022

Multiple challenges are associated with the characterization and development of unconventional shale reservoirs. The petrophysical properties play significant roles in hydrocarbon production from unconventional reservoirs. Several techniques can be used to determine the petrophysical properties such as routine core analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and dielectric techniques. This study presents an effective workflow to characterize the petrophysical properties of unconventional shales at different maturation stages.

In this study, the conducted measurements are X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, helium porosity, NMR, and dielectric experiments. The rock samples were prepared for the measurements by drying the samples under a vacuum. In addition, the samples were artificially maturated using a muffle furnace at different temperatures and heating times. The impact of shale maturation on the petrophysical properties was captured by evaluating the rock properties after each maturation stage. Results show that the shale samples have a TOC of 17.5 wt.% on average, and a hydrogen index (HI) of 809, indicating that the samples are belonging to kerogen type I. The mineralogical analysis indicates that the used shale samples have a calcite percentage of around 59.9%. Moreover, the artificial maturation led to reducing the total organic content, due to the conversion of organic matter into hydrocarbon fluids. NMR and dielectric measurements showed that the shale porosity system was altered due to artificial maturation. The real dielectric constant was reduced indicating a reduction in the kerogen percentages. The cumulative probability density was increased after the maturation, revealing the shale porosity was increased which could be attributed to the dissolution of kerogen during the maturation process.

Ultimately, this study improves our understanding of characterizing unconventional shale formations. Also, a reliable workflow is proposed for a better characterization of the unconventional formations by integrating routine core analysis, Rock-Eval, NMR, and dielectric techniques. Such workflow can pave the way to introduce a downhole technique to characterize unconventional resources more effectively.
Cloud-Edge Combination: A Novel Intelligent Intermittent Pumping Optimization and Control Method for Tight Oil Wells
Authors: Zhang Xishun , Wang Cai , Sun Yizhen , Shi Junfeng , Zhao Hanjun , Zhao Ruidong , Jiang Weidong , Li Jinya , Zhou Xiang , Liu Xiang , Yi Ran
Published: October 2022

More than 100,000 oil wells with liquid production less than five cubic meters per day in the target company will be converted to intermittent pumping by the end of 2025. That has a broad application prospect. In order to avoid network delay, improve pumping efficiency and realize unattended operation, an intelligent intermittent pumping optimization and control method based on cloud-edge combination is proposed.

Firstly, intelligent edge modules with data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation and automatic control were configured into the intelligent pumping cabinets. An evaluation model of pumping effect aiming at stable production and minimum energy consumption was embedded into the intelligent edge module.

Secondly, an intelligent management and control cloud platform for intermittent pumping wells was built. By using the production big data of intermittent pumping wells, a cloud prediction model of the optimal intermittent pumping scheme was built so as to provide a plan for each single well. In the execution stage, the cloud prediction model of the intermittent pumping system is used to formulate a one-day intermittent pumping scheme for every single well, and the optimized scheme signal will be sent to the edge module from the cloud. The edge module executes the corresponding intermittent pumping system according to the cloud order and monitors the intermittent pumping effect through the effect evaluation model by analyzing the real time production data. If the output and energy-saving effect meet the expected indicators, the optimized one-day scheme will be carried out at the edge until a new optimized scheme signal comes from the cloud 24 hours later. Otherwise, the pumping scheme will be switched to the power frequency mode and edge module will feed back the abnormal data to the cloud. After receiving new instructions from the cloud, the edge module will switch the pumping mode from power frequency mode to intermittent mode again.

This technology has been applied into 2000 wells in two oilfields in China with a power saving rate of more than 30%. The joint control method of cloud-edge combination avoiding negative effect caused by network delay, basically realizes the unattended operation for intermittent pumping wells, greatly improves the management efficiency, and highly promotes the intelligent construction of the oilfield.
The Challenges with Drilling Real-Time Data and Proposed Data Management Framework
Authors: Alzahrani Majed A. , Contreras Otalvora William B. , Alotaibi Bader M. , Aman Beshir
Published: October 2022

One of the main pillars of the fourth industrial revolution (IR4.0) is the utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) components, which is a broad type of devices that include most types of sensors. These sensors are measuring primary physical states and transmitting their readings to a data acquisition system, which then supplies these data to consuming applications. In modern organizations, these applications are designed to use the sensors’ data to produce information that can be used by systems and users to make critical decisions. The effectiveness of the made decisions relies on the accuracy and quality of the gathered data from the used sensors. For this reason, the management of the streamed sensor data is crucial.

In this paper, a Real-Time Data Management framework is proposed. The framework manages several key components of the data journey, such as data transmission standards, data quality protocol, communication infrastructure monitoring and automated notification process to address any issue in real-time. The first step is to transform all rigs to adopt the latest industrial standards for drilling real-time sensors data transmission. Then establish a data quality measurement using a set of different metrics that can reflect an objective explanation of the state of a given data streamed by a sensor or a system of connected sensors. It also helps in troubleshooting a faulty system and identify the nature of the problem and the root cause of it, especially in large systems with thousands of connected sensors. Finally, real-time monitoring of the full journey of the data and its components and notify relevant teams as issues rises.

Successful employment of the automated drilling real-time data management framework will result in an autonomous process to manage a large fleet of operating rigs with minimal to no human intervention. It will also enable the full utilization of high-quality data for many successful IR4.0 solutions.

In this paper, a wide group of real-time data quality assessment measures are discussed to show their importance and application. These measures will help data managers find issues in field streamed real-time data. This paper can be a reference for any data quality assessment project as the discussed measures can be applicable to all real-time data types.
Switching to Cruise Control with Next Generation Well Design Software
Authors: Mwansa Peter Levison , Bakhti Sara , Hassan Mohamed Ali , Remmen Per Inge
Published: October 2022

Today, engineers do their well planning and design in multiple applications, requiring them to move the inputs and outputs from one place to another manually. The well targets are identified by a different team in a service provider platform tool. The trajectory is then planned using either a different vendor software. The Statement of Requirements for the well is written in a Word document. Offset well analysis means gathering data and information from software, shared drives, spreadsheets, and the people who last drilled on that asset.

The rest of the well planning is completed with another legacy software, in individual modules for each aspect of design that don't integrate. Much of this is outsourced to "well services suppliers" to either do the full design or validate the internal design. The final execution document (Drilling Program) is completed in word and is typically 50-80 pages long. This is inefficient, and also allows for potential mistakes. If anything changes, all of this has to be re-worked. For example, if the pore pressure and fracture gradient (PPFG) analysis changes, there is no way to alert or notify the engineer that they need to update other parts of the well design (e.g. cementing, etc.). This creates communications challenges internally and with our third party providers. It also leads to sub-optimal well design choices due to an inability to see the full picture.

The objective of this work is to more effectively leverage our past experiences to automate well design basics and deliver consistent performance.

A business case was made to conduct a proof of concept (PoC) to test the ability to automate the well design process. The PoC was successfully completed with the following results: Notable time savings (at least 60%) in design process when compared to current manual process using legacy softwareIntuitive workflow & circular workflow between modulesIntegrated blowout & kill simulationsDemonstrated Automated Well DesignCompatible to integrate with existing well delivery workflow

Our next generation well design software has opened up possibilities that were previously thought to be unattainable – a paradigm shift in the way we run our business.
SmartHSE: Comprehensive AI-Based Safety Monitoring Solution for Work-Sites
Authors: Tamaazousti Youssef , Egorov Dmitry , Benzine Abdallah , Asif Umar , Amri Mohamed , Benaichouche Abed
Published: October 2022

Monitoring HSE violations while focusing on Operations is one of the main targets of every industry. Unfortunately, Humans can be prone to put the focus mainly on operations rather than safety. Therefore, assisting them with an HSE co-pilot in the form of an AI solution alarming them when they tend to compromise on safety, is of huge value.

While many attempts have been made in the literature in terms of Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE), there is no available solution that uses modern deep-learning based video analytics to comprehensively detect multiple type of HSE use-cases. In this paper, we describe our SmartHSE AI solution which leverages Computer-Vision and CCTV cameras to monitor different kind of HSE violations comprehensively and continuously, in real-world scenarios. Here we focus on a use-case of vessels. Our solution, called SmartVessel, can (i) watch people - detect their location and estimate their postures; (ii) detect incidents - person falling on the ground, or more dramatically a man-overboard; (iii) detect hazardous situations - person in a restricted area; and (iv) detect PPEs - person wearing helmet, uniform and lifejacket or not. All these events are automatically and simultaneously detected by our AI. The whole system workflow along is extensively described throughout the article. Also, extensive experiments were conducted, and both quantitative and qualitative results are presented.
Mode Of HIV Exposure and Its Role in The Excess Risk of Neurocognitive Impairment in People Living With HIV: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of case-controlled studies
Authors: Ayu Astri Parawita , Rahadi Arie , Kristian Kevin , Sani Tara Puspitarini , Putra Aditya , Halim Glenardi , Mangkuliguna Ghea , Arum Theresia , Turana Yuda
Published: October 2022

Background
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a higher risk of neurocognitive impairment (NI), more prominently in those who delay HIV treatment. Combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) though has been known to be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, is not yet optimal in controlling NI. Studies have proposed theories explaining the risks, aetiology, and pathogenesis associated with neurocognitive problems of PLHIV and there were different cognitive domains impaired in PLHIV than in those without the infection, in which method of HIV exposure (MoHE) may have a role. This proposed meta-analysis aims at evaluating the excess risk of NI in PLHIV concerning the mode of HIV exposure.
Methods
This protocol was developed following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO 2021 (CRD42021271358). Literature searches will be conducted in the following electronic databases: Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsycInfo (OVID), Web of Science, ProQuest, as well as OpenGrey and clinical trial databases to identify records relevant to our search terms, published from 1 January 2007 up to 31 May 2021, followed by hand-search of the reference of each selected article. We will include observational cross-sectional or cohort studies examining adolescents (12 years or older) and adults (18 years or older) reporting the proportion of NI. The exposure is HIV diagnosis or documented HIV status at study enrolment. The comparator is HIV negatives age 12 years or older, with contemporaneous study enrolment as the exposed group. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be applied to assess each selected study's possible risk of bias. The primary outcome will be the number of participants diagnosed with NI by the MoHE in seropositive and seronegative groups.
Discussion
The evidence gathered from the selected studies will be discussed to provide insight into the risk of NI by different MoHE. Despite the significant decrease in the number of HIV related dementia, mild NI cases are still numerous. The MoHE may contribute to cognitive problems, considering different HIV exposures can be associated with specific NI risk factors. However, it is currently unknown whether the MoHE can alter the risk of NI.
Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO 2021 (CRD42021271358)
An Online Calculator for the Prediction of 5-year Survival in Patients with Non-Metastatic Chondrosarcoma Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Tailong , Tang Zhongxin , Wang Xudong , Wang Wengang , Zhou Nan
Published: October 2022

Background: Most prior studieshave used conventional statistical techniquessuch asthe nomogram to examine patient prognosis and survival based on the distinct subtypes and primary locations of chondrosarcoma. Nevertheless, few studies have examined overall survival in patients with non-metastatic chondrosarcomas. We aim to develop a machine learning algorithm to evaluate 5-year survival in this cohort and transform the most accurate prediction model into an online calculator for clinical use.
Methods: Between 1975 and 2018, we gathered data on patients with non-metastatic chondrosarcoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiological, and End Result databases. From these data, nine features were used to develop four machine learning models, including the boosted decision tree, support vector machine, bayes point machine, and neural network models, which were then evaluated and compared based on discrimination, calibration, and overall performance.
Results: Ultimately, 1202 patients met our inclusion criteria. With a c statistic of 0.88, a calibration slope of 0.997, a calibration intercept of -0.02, and a Brier score of 0.12, the Bayes point machine performed best overall, and it was integrated into a free, publicly available software interface that can be found at https://bayesglm.shinyapps.io/non-metastatic-chondrosarcoma/.
Conclusion: Although this Bayes point machine-based prediction model has not been externally validated, the online calculator can be used as a reference tool for medical staff as well as patients on survival prediction. External validation of this prediction model should be the focus of future research to improve its credibility.
Degradation of ciprofloxacin by persulfate activated by Fe (Ⅲ) doped BiOCl composite photocatalyst
Authors: Liu Gen , Lin Yingzi , Li Siwen , Shi Chunyan , Zhang Dongyan , Chen Lei
Published: October 2022

Fe-BOC-X photocatalyst was successfully prepared by solvothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-BOC-X was determined by ciprofloxacin (CIP), a typical fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Under sunlight irradiation, all Fe-BOC-X showed better CIP removal performance than original BiOCl. In comparison, the photocatalyst with iron content of 50 wt% (Fe-BOC-3) has excellent structural stability and the best adsorption photodegradation efficiency. The removal rate of CIP (10 mg/l) by Fe-BOC-3 (0.6 g/L) reached 81.4% within 90 min. At the same time, the effects of photocatalyst dosage, pH, persulfate, persulfate concentration and combinations of different systems (PS, Fe-BOC-3, Vis/PS, Vis/Fe-BOC-3, Fe-BOC-3/PS and Vis/Fe-BOC-3/PS) on the reaction were systematically discussed. Reactive species trapping experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) signals revealed that the photo-generated holes (\({h^+}\)), hydroxyl radical (\(\bullet OH\)), sulfate radical (\(\bullet S{O_4}^{ - }\)) and superoxide radical (\(\bullet {O_2}^{ - }\)) played an important role in CIP degradation, hydroxyl radicals (\(\bullet OH\)) and sulfate radicals (\(\bullet S{O_4}^{ - }\)) play a major role. Various characterization methods have demonstrated that Fe-BOC-X has larger specific surface area and pore volume than original BiOCl. UV-vis DRS indicate that Fe-BOC-X has wider visible light absorption and faster photocarrier transfer, and provides abundant surface oxygen absorption sites for effective molecular oxygen activation. Accordingly, a large number of active species were produced and participated in the photocatalytic process, thus effectively promoting the degradation of ciprofloxacin. Based on HPLC-MS analysis, two possible decomposition pathways of CIP were finally proposed. The main degradation pathways of CIP are mainly due to the high electron density of piperazine ring in CIP molecule, which is mainly attacked by various free radicals. The main reactions include piperazine ring opening, decarbonylation, decarboxylation and fluorine substitution. This study can better open up a new way for the design of visible light driven photocatalyst and provide more ideas for the removal of CIP in water environment.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Tractional Diabetic Macular Edema with or without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling
Authors: Khattab Abdelrahman Ahmed Ali , Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed , Hammed Abdallah Hussain
Published: October 2022

Background: To assess the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in management of tractional diabetic macular edema (DME) and highlight the benefits of additional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.
Methods: This an open-label, prospective, comparative and interventional study that enrolled 50 eyes with tractional DME that underwent PPV were split into two groups: group (A) consisted of 25 eyes that did not have ILM peeling, and group (B) consisted of 25 eyes that did. One, three, and six months after surgery, a postoperative assessment was completed.
Results: Mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in group (A) has improved from (0.89 the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution [LogMAR]) preoperatively to (0.64 LogMAR, p <0.001), and mean central macular thickness (CMT) declined from (471.28μm) to (228.20μm, p <0.001) after six months of PPV. In group (B), mean BCVA has improved from (0.83 LogMAR) preoperatively to (0.58 LogMAR, p <0.001), and mean CMT decreased from (496.84μm) to (226.20μm, p <0.001) after six months of PPV. There were no significant differences between the two groups after 1, 3, and 6 months according to the delta change % of BCVA and CMT. A significant negative correlation was detected between preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and BCVA improvement.
Conclusions: PPV surgery is an effective treatment of tractional DME. Additional ILM peeling is not accompanied by extra benefits in a short period. Long-term glycemic control plays a role in vision gain after vitrectomy in diabetic patients.
An IgM-like Inhalable ACE2 fusion protein broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Wenhui , Liu Juan , Mao Fengfeng , Chen Jianhe , Lu Shuaiyao , Qi Yonghe , Sun Yinyan , Fang Linqiang , Yeung Man Lung , Liu Chunmei , Yu Guimei , Li Guangyu , Liu Ximing , Yao Yuansheng , Huang Panpan , Hao Dongxia , Liu Zibing , Ding Yu , Liu Haimo , Yang Fang , Chen Pan , Sa Rigai , Sheng Yao , Tian Xinxin , Peng Ran , Li Xue , Luo Junmian , Cheng Yurui , Zheng Yule , Lin Yongqing , Song Rui , Jin Ronghua , Huang Baoying , Choe Hyeryun , Farzan Michael , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Tan Wenjie , Peng Xiaozhong , Sui Jianhua
Published: October 2022

Many of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics are not effective against newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we developed the metallo-enzyme domain of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)—the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2—into an IgM-like inhalable molecule (HH-120). HH-120 binds to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein with exceptionally high avidity and confers potent and broad-spectrum neutralization activity against all known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. HH-120 was successfully developed as an inhaled formulation that achieves appropriate aerodynamic properties for respiratory system delivery, and we found that aerosol inhalation of HH-120 significantly reduced viral loads and lung pathology scores in golden Syrian hamsters infected by the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain and the Delta variant. Our study presents a breakthrough for the inhalation delivery of large biologics like HH-120 (molecular weight ~ 1000kDa) and demonstrates that HH-120 can serve as a highly efficacious, safe, and convenient agent against all SARS-CoV-2 variants. Finally, given the known role of ACE2 in viral reception, it is conceivable that HH-120 will be efficacious against additional emergent coronaviruses.
Using percutaneous computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy of liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors to identify inter-tumor grading classification heterogeneity
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Ying , He Xinhong , Li Wentao
Published: October 2022

Background
We used percutaneous computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy (PCT-CNB) of liver metastases from (gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) GEP NETs to identify inter-tumor grading classification heterogeneity.
Methods
We retrospectively investigated 92 patients with liver metastases in GEP NETs using PCT-CNB; 76 patients had tissue from liver and primary sites while 16 had tissue from liver and secondary liver sites. For tissue sampling, Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was performed and grading classifications was determined. Inter-tumor grading classification heterogeneity and associated changes on patient survival were also evaluated.
Results
No procedure-related mortality was recorded during and after biopsy. In 37/92 patients (40.2%), grading classifications changed: 13 patients increased from G1 to G2, 2 increased from G1 to G3, 5 decreased from G2 to G1, 14 increased from G2 to G3, 1 decreased from G3 to G1, and 2 decreased from G3 to G2. Patients with NET G1 or NET G2 grades had better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) when compared with NET G3 grade patients (P=0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). OS rates at 5 and 10 years were 67.5% and 26.0% for stable G2 patients, but decreased to 46.4% and 23.2% for increased G2 patients (P=0.016).
Conclusion
The PCT-CNB of liver metastases from GEP NETs showed grade differences between the liver tumor and primary site/secondary liver metastases. Also, when G2 increased, OS significantly decreased.
Even Symmetric Chaotic and Skewed Maps as a Technique in Video Encryption
Authors: El-den B. M. , Abdullah Ahmed ِِA.
Published: October 2022

The massive growth and use of digital multimedia through computer networks, including video and images, has increased the demand for protecting this digital data. In order to secure digital video, video encryption is frequently utilized. In this paper, a brand-new video scrambling technique based on two chaotic linearly symmetric maps and one chaotic tent map that has been twisted is suggested. The permutation procedure moves every frame pixel's position using a P-box created by permuting a linearly symmetric chaotic sequence. The diffusion technique employs both linearly symmetric chaos maps and distorted tent maps to create key streams. The keystream closely resembles simple frames because the pixels in the permuted frame indicate which of the two even symmetric chaos maps is replicated each time for the following byte. The information entropy, histogram, neighboring pixel correlation and sensitivity analysis, number of pixel changing regions (NPCR), and unified mean change intensity are used to thoroughly evaluate the recommended method's capacity to improve performance and security (UACI). Comparatively to other methods, the suggested algorithm is resistant to clipping, salt and pepper noise, speckle noise rotation assaults, and clipping. This positive outcome indicates that the plan can be successfully implemented for secure video communication applications.
Active Alleviation of Fatigue Stress on Blades by Adaptively Maneuvered Deformable Trailing Edge Flaps (Dtef)
Authors: Govindan Srinivasa Sudharsan , Natarajan Karthikeyan , Saini Gaurav
Published: October 2022

The concept of ‘Smart Rotor’ is an evolving advancement in wind turbine which enables an intelligent Active flow control in rotor. The Deformable trailing edge flap (DTEF) is a part of smart rotor concept which implements a customized active load control. The trailing edge flap actuator effectively replaces the tedious blade pitch actuation and conserves the actuation energy required for pitching the entire blade. The DTEFs require a fast computing, anticipatory controller for optimally tuning the flap angle with minimal power compromise. This work analyses the performance of advanced control strategies like Model predictive control (MPC), Adaptive MRAC control and DQ controllers. The MRAC controller is found to reduce the fatigue stress by 40% and the MPC controller damps up to 70% more efficiently than the typical feedback controller. The Control strategies are aided by the LiDAR based preview wind data for the active manipulation of trailing edge flap angle \(\left({\theta }_{flap}\right)\) control. The validation of proposed controller is done using power analysis curve and the components fatigue lifetime analysis using MLIFE software. The above analyses are done in NREL Onshore 5 MW FAST wind turbine model which could be interfaced with MATLAB with modified AeroDyn code for active flap deflection.
Effect of Mangrove Complexity and Environmental Variables on Fish Assemblages across a Tropical Estuarine Channel of the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Santamaría-Damián Salvador , Tovilla-Hernández Cristian , Romero-Berny Emilio I. , Damon Anne , Navarro-Martínez Angélica , Ortega-Argueta Alejandro
Published: October 2022

It is assumed that the structural complexity of mangroves plays a determining role on fish assemblages in that ecosystem. However, there is limited evidence for how the interaction between the mangroves and environmental variables affects the assemblage structure and composition, abundance and biomass of fish. The main goal of this study was to test whether fish assemblages vary between sectors of mangroves located at different distances from the mouth of the estuary and between root microhabitats and seasons, and to analyze the role of environmental characteristics in these variations. In the Boca del Cielo-San José estuarine channel (Chiapas, Mexico), fish assemblages were sampled during high tide during 2019–2020, within mangroves in three sectors of the channel (lower, middle and upper), while mangrove complexity index, dominance of stilt roots or pneumatophores, litterfall production and six physicochemical parameters of the water were measured. Our results showed that fish assemblages varied significantly between sectors, microhabitats and seasons. Lower sector sites dominated by stilt root microhabitats presented the highest species richness, abundance and biomass of fish, while more than 90% of the juvenile fish in the samples were associated with pneumatophores. We found that the interaction of salinity, depth, distance from the estuary mouth, litter production, and dominance of aerial roots or pneumatophores explained patterns of fish abundance and biomass in mangroves. Our observations coincide with other studies in emphasizing the importance of mangroves as nursery and feeding sites for fish, but whose structure is defined by local variables and factors, which must be taken into account in research and management programs.
Cantor Diagonal Method and the Continuum Hypothesis
Authors: KUNT İBRAHİM
Published: October 2022

Using the relationship between the ordinal number \(\omega\) and the Cantor Diagonal Method, I study the cardinality of the digits of real numbers in a defined range. Using the results I have reached, I show the value of \(\left|\omega +1\right|\) in the ZF¬C system, and I present some conclusions regarding the Continuum Hypothesis through these results.
Study on the benefit evaluation and analysis model of reservoir optimal operation based on ecological release
Authors: guanjun lei , Xu Zhengmin , Wang Wenchuan , Yin Junxian , Wang Hao
Published: October 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The effects and interrelationships of intercropping on Cotton Verticillium wilt and soil microbial communities
Authors: Zhang Yun , Yang Yuanxue , Lu Xiuyun , Wang Aiyu , Xue Chao , Zhao Ming , Zhang Jianhua
Published: October 2022

Background: Cotton Verticillium wilt, causing by Verticillium dahliae, has seriously affected the yield and quality of cotton. The incidence of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields has been on the rise for many years, especially after straw has been returned to the fields. Intercropping can reduce the incidence of soil borne diseases and is often used to control crop diseases, but the relationship between the effects of intercropping on microbial communities and the occurrence of plant diseases is unclear. This research explored the relationship between soil microbial community structure and Cotton Verticillium wilt in interplanting of cotton-onion, cotton-garlic, cotton-wheat and cotton monocultures. Amplicon sequencing applied to the profile of bacterial and fungal communities.
Results: The results showed that the disease index of Cotton Verticillium wilt was significantly reduced after intercropping with cotton-garlic and cotton-onion. Chao1 and Sobs indices were not significantly different in the rhizosphere soil and pre-plant soils of the four planting patterns, but the pre-plant fungal shannon index was significantly lower in the cotton-onion intercropping plot than in the other three plots. PCoA analysis showed that the soil microbial communities changed to a certain extent after intercropping, with large differences in the microbial communities under different cropping patterns. The abundance of Chaetomium was highest in the cotton-garlic intercropping before planting; the abundance of Penicillium was significantly higher in the cotton-wheat intercropping than in the other three systems.
Conclusion: Cotton-garlic and cotton-onion interplanting can control Cotton Verticillium wilt by affecting the soil microbial community. Fungi of the genera Chaetomium and Penicillium may be associated with plant disease resistance.
Study on optimal and joint allocation of water and land resources for the multiple objectives
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Qin Tianling , Lv Xizhi , Ni Yongxin , Zhang Qiufen , Ma Li
Published: October 2022

The mismatch of water and land resources leads to various water problem and degradation of ecological function in the basin. The existing water resources allocation and land resource allocation have different objects, basic units, allocation goals and methods, and it is difficult to achieve joint allocation on a unified platform. This paper takes the water and land resources system as the research object. The optimal allocation model of water and land resources was constructed, with the multiple objectives, from aspects of water quantity, water quality, water efficiency, ecological function and the matching degree of water and land resources. The constructed model is used to allocate water and land resources in Sihe River basin, and the results of water and land resources allocation of each configuration unit under different water supply conditions are obtained. This provides technical support for the synthetically delicacy management of water and land resources based on the land unit in the river basin.
Creating new knowledge while solving a relevant practical problem: success factors for an action research-based PhD thesis in business and management
Authors: Alfaro-Tanco José Antonio , Mediavilla Miguel , Erro-Garcés Amaya
Published: October 2022

This paper focuses on university–firm relationships in terms of individual interactions between researchers and practitioners. More specifically, we focus on an analysis of the main factors that influence the use of the action research (AR) methodology to achieve a successful doctoral thesis. In order to achieve this, we developed a Delphi study with 15 panelists whose common characteristic is that they defended or supervised an AR-based thesis in the field of business and management. The primary contribution of the research is the development of a reference framework that should be considered in the design of a doctoral thesis for which an AR methodology is put into practice. Four dimensions were defined: profiles of both the PhD candidate and supervisor, PhD program/university, and firm/organization. Three main conclusions were reached. First, it is crucial to have a cooperative “eye-to-eye” relationship between the university and the company. Second, the AR process must respond unequivocally to its own dichotomous nature. Third, there must be a straightforward academic process for the PhD thesis. We believe that this study may impel the development of doctoral theses based on AR methodology as a tool to potentiate collaborative university–firm relationships.
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal wild plants in the Shouf Biosphere Reserve, Lebanon
Authors: Hani Nizar , Baydoun Safaa , Nasser Hatem , Ulian Tiziana , Arnold-Apostolides Nelly
Published: October 2022

Background: Medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge play a vital role in supporting the livelihoods and resilience of indigenous communities. This ethnobotanical survey aims to identify medicinal plants used by the local communities of the Shouf Biosphere Reserve (SBR) and document the associated traditional knowledge.
Methodology: Focusgroups and personal interviews with 133 informants of community members of 22 villages of SBR were performed during 2019-2022. Informants were selected using purposive sampling techniques based on their knowledge of medicinal plants and experience in traditional herbal medicine. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire through field visits.
Results: Informants were equally represented by females and males, had different demographic characteristics, and the main source of knowledge was ancestral.
A total of 184 medicinal plant species belonging to 57 families were documented. The predominant families were Asteraceae (31 spp.), Lamiaceae (14 ssp.), and Rosaceae (14 spp.). Leaves (23%) were the plant part most used. Decoction (45%) was the predominant preparation method, while internal (oral) use (47%) was the most frequent administration mean. Berberis libanotica, Dittrichiaviscosa, and Daucus carota achieved the highest scores of Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative frequency of citation (RFC), Use value (UV), and Fidelity level (FL). Furthermore, the gastrointestinal tract was the most treated system.
Conclusions: Findings revealed a rich and diverse list of medicinal plants with associated traditional knowledge still actively used to treat a wide range of diseases. Future phytochemical and pharmacological studies are recommended to determine the efficacy and safety of plant species used. The management body of the SBR and all related authorities are invited to continue their conservation efforts to protect such rich biocultural heritage.
Modelling of cutter-workpiece engagement with tri-dexel approach for dynamic simulations
Authors: Dambly Valentin , Rivière-Lorphèvre Édouard , Ducobu François , Verlinden Olivier
Published: October 2022

In the context of Industry 4.0, the modelling of machining operations happens to be a crucial aspect of production sector. With adequate models, it is possible to predict the appearance of chatter and select optimised operational parameters. For the dynamics simulation of machine tools or robots performing 5-axis operations, modelling approaches are continuously in improvement. A robust method is proposed for the computation of the cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE) at each step of a dynamic simulation for the determination of the machining forces and the resulting machined surface. The CWE is estimated based on the interference between the workpiece, modelled with tri-dexel approach, and the tool, considered as a triangle-mesh swept volume. The relative-closest triangle algorithm is used for a robust intersection management with 5-axis trajectories. A hybrid dexel-based-analytic method is presented for accurate estimation of the uncut chip thickness. Furthermore, an approach is proposed for a simulation-based evaluation of the part resulting from dynamic simulations by comparing dexel networks with each other, allowing to assess the impact of operational parameters on the parts. The proposition is validated through experimental and virtual data with forces measurements as well as benchmark tests.
A Comparative Study of Severe Thunderstorm among Statistical and ANN Methodologies
Authors: Bhattacharya Sonia , Chakraborty(Bhattacharyya) Himadri
Published: October 2022

Severe Thunderstorm is the extreme weather convective feature. It causes local calamities in various ways. Proper prediction with lead time is an important factor to prevent such calamities for saving the people. Here both probabilistic and machine learning technique is applied on weather data to get proper prediction. Traditional methodologies are already there for such kind of prediction purpose. But Naïve Bayes and RBFN methodology has been introduced here with some specific weather parameters that has not done before remarkably. A comparative study has been done which are Naïve Bayes, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) on weather data. All these data have been procured from Kolkata located in North-East India. The result obtained applying Radial Basis Function Network is better among three methods yielding correct prediction of 95% for severe “squall-storm” and 94% for “no storm”. Prediction can have sufficient lead time of 10- 12hours.
Investigation on the residue levels of nine frequently used pesticides in greenhouse grown tomato samples by QuEChERS extraction using GC-MS and HPLC analysis in Hamedan province, I. R. Iran
Authors: Morowati Mohssen , Nikan Jafar
Published: October 2022

Suitable conditions bring about high population of pests or diseases in green-houses and therefore, frequent applications of pesticides occur in this production system which causes public anxiety about pesticide residue in green-house grown crops such as tomato. The present report is the result of an investigation performed on pesticide residue level measurements in green-house grown tomato in Hamadan province. In this study, 43 tomato samples were taken from the green-houses across the province and the residue levels of nine pesticides in each sample were measured. The results indicated that 95.4% of the samples were completely free of all measured insecticides. In 4.6% of the samples the residue of Chlorpyrifos was detected of which the residue level of only one sample (2.3%) was higher than the Maximum residue limit (MRL) for this pesticide in tomato (MRL = 0.1 ppm).
Network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of scutellarin in the treatment of brain ischemia and experimental verification of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Jia Qiu-Ye , Chen Hao‑Lun , Qi Zhi , Zhang Xiao‑Li‑Na , Zheng Li-Yang , Liu Teng-Teng , Yuan Yun , Yang Li , Wu Chun‑Yun
Published: October 2022

Objective
This study elucidated the neuroprotective mechanisms of scutellarin in microglia and astrocytes during the progression of neuropathology in cerebral ischemia.
Methods
Network pharmacology was first used to filtrate the core targets and pathways. Arising from this, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was specifically identified and experimentally verified. Expression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling related proteins in TNC-1 astrocytes subjected to different treatments with BV-2 microglia conditioned medium (CM) was then analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Along with the above, expression of the various biomarkers was also evaluated in astrocytes given pretreatment with AG490, the JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor. In tandem, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats was performed in different experimental groups to detect the expression of the above biomarkers in the cerebral astrocytes.
Results
Network pharmacology suggests that JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is one of the mechanisms by which scutellarin can mitigate the cerebral ischemia damage. In TNC-1 astrocytes, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression was significantly up-regulated in microglia CM group. Scutellarin promoted the up-regulation of various markers, and of note, AG490 neutralized the effect of scutellarin. In vivo at 1, 3, and 7d after MCAO, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression was significantly increased. Consistent with in vitro results, the rise in expression was augmented by scutellarin.
Conclusion
It is concluded from this study that scutellarin exerts its neuroprotective effects via activated microglia by activating the astrocyte JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This has given the herbal compound a firm experimental basis for its clinical application.