bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Don't Sell Things, Sell Effects”: Overseas Influences in New Zealand Department Stores, 1909–1956
Authors: Roberts Evan
Published: May 2010

In the years before World War II, New Zealand department stores became increasingly influenced by American ideas about salesmanship. This involved a shift away from British precepts about retailing, which discouraged initiative by sales-people and emphasized service. Stores that adopted American ideas were trying to become more competitive and began to appeal to working- and middle-class consumers. They imported the concept of “suggestion selling” and the idea of pushing complementary goods. New Zealand merchants modified American methods by relying on the use of manuals and bulletins to train salespeople and, unlike American stores, did not introduce commission payment schemes.
A Survey of Business Historians on America's Greatest Entrepreneurs
Authors: McCormick Blaine , Folsom Burton W.
Published: May 2010

We surveyed fifty-eight professors of history and management to develop a ranking of the greatest entrepreneurs and businesspeople in American history. The goal of this research is to begin an ongoing conversation about what constitutes “greatness” in American business history, and, in particular, how academics perceive greatness among business leaders. The results were predictable: Henry Ford topped the list, followed by Bill Gates, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Thomas Edison. We also surveyed these scholars regarding greatest female and most underrated entrepreneur or businessperson in American history to make the exercise more interesting.
A Population Estimate for the Epiclassic Middle Malpaso Valley (La Quemada), Zacatecas, Mexico
Authors: Trombold Charles D.
Published: May 2010

Long-term excavations at two large La Quemada hinterland habitation sites provide data for developing population estimates based on ethnographic studies. Calculations based in part on ratio constants of roofed floor area to excavated space are applied to 183 habitation sites in the valley measured in 1974. These data reveal not only the range of population in the immediate valley, but also in major population aggregates around La Quemada during the period of major occupation (ca. A.D. 700). The mean population within the La Quemada core area is estimated as 6,867 (between 4,578 and 9,155) individuals, with an average population density of 38 persons per km2. Population density within three of the largest nearby settlement aggregates ranges around a mean of 209, 136, and 117 individuals respectively per square kilometer.
Di Peso’s Concept of the Northern Sierra: Evidence from the Upper Bavispe Valley, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Douglas John E. , Quijada César A.
Published: May 2010

Often the late prehistoric period of northeast Sonora is portrayed as the product of a migration from, or closely associated with, the peoples of Casas Grandes Valley in northwest Chihuahua. That migration is believed to have occurred around A.D. 1300–1500, either at the zenith or during the decline of the Casas Grandes culture. However, recent excavations along the Río Bavispe in northeast Sonora show that developments in polychrome pottery, domestic architecture, and possibly community architecture parallel the pattern found in northwest Chihuahua during the A.D. 1000–1200 period, before the type site of the Casas Grandes culture, Paquimé, was founded. This surprising result demonstrates that the role of long-term regional interaction needs to be considered in shaping both areas. To conceptualize this process, we suggest revitalizing Di Peso’s 1966 concept of the “Northern Sierra” as an important step in the foundational shifts required to build more cogent explanations.
Approaching Social Practice through Access Analysis at Las Canoas, Honduras
Authors: Stockett Miranda K.
Published: May 2010

Identifying patterns in the organization of spaces, and in the ways past peoples may have moved through those spaces, can provide insights into daily practice, group interaction, and social control in community life. To identify such patterns, a modified version of access analysis is applied to the densely settled Late Classic (A.D. 650–960) site of Las Canoas, northwest Honduras. The usefulness of this spatial diagramming technique to illuminate patterns of potential significance to the past architects and occupants of this site will be critically assessed. In particular, access analysis is applied to consider formal and informal control of movement and social interaction within two discrete household groups. Conclusions regarding spatial use and social practice at Las Canoas are drawn from combined consideration of access diagrams, architectural form, activity distribution, and connections with the surrounding landscape.
The Effects of the Hypsithermal on Prehistoric Foraging Efficiency in Missouri
Authors: Wolverton Steve
Published: May 2010

Archaeological studies of temporal changes in human predation strategy using foraging theory tend to focus on the role of overexploitation of important prey resources and resulting resource depression. An alternative use of the prey-choice model framed under foraging theory is to investigate the influence of environmental changes, such as increases in climate stress, on prey availability. Environmental change can be expected to produce many of the same effects on human predation strategy as resource depression. Here analytical techniques typically used to study the effects of over-predation and resource depression caused by humans are used to monitor their response to fluctuations in prey availability related to climate change during the Holocene in Missouri. Data and interpretations presented here add to the growing body of zooarchaeological foraging theory literature implicating environmental change as a critical factor in human diet.
The Wreck of the BarqueNorth Carolina, Bermuda, 1880: An Underwater Crime Scene?
Authors: Gould Richard A.
Published: May 2010

Archaeological and historical research in 1999–2001 on the loss of the 3-masted, iron barque “North Carolina” produced a series of anomalies and coincidences suggesting that the ship was sunk intentionally. The wreck lies along the southwest edge of Bermuda’s reef system. At first it appeared to be that of a fairly typical sail-propelled, iron-hulled cargo ship of a general type built in the United Kingdom during the late nineteenth century. The original research design for the “North Carolina” project sought to test how representative this shipwreck was as an example of that shipbuilding tradition. Archaeological surveys as well as published and archival accounts of the ship's loss, however, revealed discrepancies that were explored further. The project evolved into the investigation of a possible 120-year-old crime scene. The “North Carolina” offers a case study of how scientifically grounded archaeology applied with due regard for critical issues of cultural context can reveal systemic as well as proximate factors that affect past human behavior—including possible criminal behavior.
The Emergence of Large Villages and Large Residential Corporate Group Structures among Complex Hunter-Gatherers at Keatley Creek
Authors: Hayden Brian
Published: May 2010

Prentiss et al. (2003) have argued for a relatively recent, short (1600–1100 B.P.), and noncontinuous occupation of large villages and large housepits on the British Columbian Plateau. They argue that these developments resulted from climatically induced resource impoverishment in the region. I maintain that their database is inadequate for such conclusions and that their interpretations are in conflict with dates that I obtained from large housepits as well as with the distribution of early point styles (dating from 1200–4800 B.P.) that concentrate in the rim middens of large and medium-sized housepits. These data indicate that large villages and housepits that emerged by 2600 B.P., or earlier, were continuously occupied and corresponded more to the development of collector-based technologies rather than any climatic deteriorations or the introduction of the bow and arrow.
The Evolution of a Caddo Community in Northeastern Texas: The Oak Hill Village Site (41RK214), Rusk County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Rogers Robert
Published: May 2010

The Oak Hill Village (41RK214) in northeastern Texas is a prehistoric (ca. A.D. 1150–1450) Caddo settlement that was completely excavated in the mid-1990s prior to lignite mining activities. Analysis of the architectural remains, key calibrated radiocarbon dates, and changes in ceramic decorations, indicates that the village evolved as three temporally and spatially different communities composed of a number of separate households. Emerging in the latter two communities were important social institutions (a plaza, an earthen mound, and specialized structures with extended entranceways) that bound this singular Caddo community together for approximately 150–200 years (ca. A.D. 1250–1450).
Women and Men in Warfare and Migration: Implications of Gender Imbalance in the Grasshopper Region of Arizona
Authors: Lowell Julia C.
Published: May 2010

This study demonstrates that gender imbalance can explain certain problematic artifact assemblages. Typical warfare refugee populations include more women than men because more men than women are killed in conflicts. This paper proposes that predominantly female warfare refugees altered the material culture of the Grasshopper region of Arizona during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This thesis is supported by the temporal congruity of multiple lines of evidence, including evidence outside of the region for the violent deaths of more men than women and evidence within the region for female- dominated burials, immigration, and gendered continuities and discontinuities in material culture.
Intrasite Spatial Analysis, Ethnoarchaeology, and Paleoindian Land-Use on the Great Plains: The Allen Site
Authors: Bamforth Douglas B. , Becker Mark , Hudson Jean
Published: May 2010

This paper examines the way in which patterns of human occupation and geomorphic processes interacted to produce a highly structured distribution of artifacts and hearths over a period of over 3,000 years at the Allen site (25FT50), a Paleoindian campsite in southwestern Nebraska. Despite accumulation of roughly a meter of sediment, artifact concentrations remained in almost exactly the same horizontal locations throughout the period of site occupation. Hearth locations varied considerably, but were virtually always located in areas of low artifact density. Considered in light of ethnoarchaeological studies of hunter-gatherer site structure, our data indicate that the excavated portion of the site was at the periphery of a domestic area and was used for secondary discard and other purposes. Trash appears to have been collected and discarded onto previously existing and continuously visible middens throughout the occupation, and new hearths appear to have been located to avoid these middens. We discuss the implications of these patterns for current models of Paleoindian landuse on the Plains and for studies of hunter-gatherer site structure in general.
Archaeological and Ecological Perspectives on Reorganization: A Case Study from the Mimbres Region of the U.S. Southwest
Authors: Nelson Margaret C. , Hegmon Michelle , Kulow Stephanie , Schollmeyer Karen Gust
Published: May 2010

Collapse and abandonment dominate the popular literature on prehistoric societies, yet we know that reorganization is a more common process by which social and ecological relationships change. We explore the process of reorganization using the emerging perspective of resilience theory. Ecologists and social scientists working within a resilience perspective have argued that reorganization is an important component of long-term adaptive cycles, but it remains understudied in both social science and ecology. One of the central assumptions to emerge from the resilience perspective is that declines in the diversity of social and ecological units contribute to transformations in social and ecological systems. We evaluate this assumption using archaeological data, which offer an opportunity to investigate a time span rarely examined in studies of resilience and reorganization. We focus on the 11th to 13th century in the eastern Mimbres area of southwestern New Mexico, a period within which a substantial reorganization occurred. Much is known about the regional-scale changes that resulted in the depopulation of nearly every large village in the Mimbres region, what some have referred to as the “Mimbres collapse.” Our analyses examine both continuity and change in aspects of house- and village-level reorganization.
Evidence for Berry and Maize Processing on the Canadian Plains from Starch Grain Analysis
Authors: Zarrillo Sonia , Kooyman Brian
Published: May 2010

The ethnographic and ethnohistoric records from the Northern and Canadian Plains indicate that a variety of plants were utilized by past peoples. These accounts provide two important insights into plant use in this region where very little archaeological evidence exists for plant utilization. First, plant processing tools are most likely to be unmodified lithic tools that may escape our recognition. Second, a variety of plants, which can be identified via starch grain analysis, were processed with these tools. This project analyzed the residues from two unmodified lithic grinding tools, identified as possible plant processing tools, for starch grains. Our results indicate that not only were a nuinber of wild plant species, such as choke cherry (Prunus virginiana), saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) and likely prairie turnip (Psoralea esculenta), processed with these implements, but so too was maize (Zea mays). These results not only provide important insight with respect to identifying a tool class, plant use, and trade within our study area, but also provide an exceptional window into the use of wild plant species, an aspect of human history that is poorly understood in many regions of the world in addition to the Northern Plains.
Using Viewshed Analysis to Explore Settlement Choice: A Case Study of the Onondaga Iroquois
Authors: Jones Eric E.
Published: May 2010

A multitude of factors, ranging from environmental to ideological, determine where human settlements are placed on the landscape. In archaeological contexts, finding the reasons behind settlement choice can be very difficult and often requires the use of ethnographic analogies and/or modeling in a geographic information system (GIS). Archaeologists have used one particular GIS-based method, viewshed analysis, to examine site features such as defensibility and control over economic hinterlands. I use viewshed analysis in this case study to determine how the natural and political landscapes affected the settlement location choices of the Late Woodland and early Historic Onondaga Iroquois. Proximity to critical resources and defensibility both factored into the decision of where communities would place villages. Although this study shows that resources, such as productive soils, had a more significant effect on settlement choice, Iroquois communities were also taking measures to maintain the defensibility of their villages. This examination displays how GIS analyses in archaeology can go beyond the statistical results and help us understand past behavior.
Historical Ecology in the Mesa Verde Region: Results from the Village Ecodynamics Project
Authors: Varien Mark D. , Ortman Scott G. , Kohler Timothy A. , Glowacki Donna M. , Johnson C. David
Published: May 2010

Using the occupation histories of 3,176 habitation sites, new estimates of maize-agriculture productivity, and an analysis of over 1,700 construction timbers, we examine the historical ecology of Pueblo peoples during their seven-century occupation (A.D. 600–1300) of a densely settled portion of the Mesa Verde archaeological region. We identify two cycles of population growth and decline, the earlier and smaller peaking in the late-A.D. 800s, the later and larger in the mid-A.D. 1200s. We also identify several episodes of immigration. Formation of aggregated settlements, which we term community centers, is positively correlated with increasing population and the time elapsed in each settlement cycle, and it persists during periods of regional population decline, but it does not correlate with climatic variation averaged over periods. Architectural and land-use practices depleted pinyon-juniper woodlands during the first cycle, but more stable field systems and greater recycling of construction timber resulted in more sustainable management of wood resources during the second cycle, despite much higher population densities. Our estimates for maize production are lower than previous estimates, especially for the A.D. 1200s, when population reached its peak in the study area. Even so, considerable potential agricultural production remained unused in the decades that immediately preceded the complete depopulation of our study area.
The Stable- and Radio-Isotope Chemistry of Western Basketmaker Burials: Implications for Early Puebloan Diets and Origins
Authors: Coltrain Joan Brenner , Janetski Joel C. , Carlyle Shawn W.
Published: May 2010

The timing and degree of reliance on maize agriculture in the Four Corners region of the American Southwest has been a central issue in studies that examine the origins of Puebloan society. Both diffusionist (various, but see Wills 1995) and migrationist (Berry and Berry 1986; Matson 1991) models have been proposed to explain the processes responsible for the movement of maize (Zea mays) north into the Four Corners region. This paper reports bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values with paired accelerator radiocarbon dates on a large collection of human remains from western Basketmaker II/III sites in Marsh Pass and other areas of northeastern Arizona, as well as data on a small number of Puebloan remains including Chacoan Great House burials. The results make clear that Basketmaker II people were heavily dependent on maize by 400 B.C. Moreover, their degree of dependence is similar to that of Pueblo II and III farmers of the Four Corners region. These findings and the apparent rapidity of maize dependence support a migrationist model for the origins of maize farming in the northern Southwest.
Bonfire Shelter: A Jumping off Point for Comments for Byerly et al.
Authors: Bement Leland C.
Published: May 2010

Animal processing at some level accompanies all human-induced bison kill sites in North America. But, does the level or location of this processing suggest the location and kind of kill—especially jump versus non-jump bison kill sites? Byerly et al. (2005) suggest the Bone Bed 2 deposits at Bonfire Shelter, Texas did not result from the use of the site as a bison jump during Paleoindian times. To better understand these issues, a brief historical context of the work at Bonfire is presented with a discussion supporting the original interpretation that Bonfire Shelter is a stratified bison jump site.
A Further Assessment of Paleoindian Site-Use at Bonfire Shelter
Authors: Byerly Ryan M. , Cooper Judith R. , Meltzer David J. , Hill Matthew E. , LaBelle Jason M.
Published: May 2010

In Byerly et al. (2005) we explored the hypothesis that the Paleoindian component at Bonfire Shelter was the result of a jump kill. Our efforts involved extensive mapping and GIS analysis, a re-examination of the Paleoindian-age bison assemblage, and consideration of the geomorphic history of the canyon in which the site is located. We concluded that the preponderance of evidence indicated the Paleoindian-age bison remains at Bonfire Shelter marked a processing site as Binford (1978) suggested, rather than a primary kill locality as originally interpreted (Dibble 1968). Bement (this issue) raises several concerns about our analysis and discussion, including that we omit pertinent information relevant to the interpretation of the site. His comments, however, result from a misreading of our discussion and a misconstrual of the data set, as we explain in this response.
Beyond Water Harvesting: A Soil Hydrology Perspective on Traditional Southwestern Agricultural Technology
Authors: Dominguez Steven , Kolm Kenneth E.
Published: May 2010

This article presents a hypothetical, general model that describes the processes involved in one aspect of traditional Southwestern agriculture: the interactions between soil hydrology and farming technology. In conjunction with extensive participation in hand cultivation with Hopi farmers, studies of soil hydrologic processes in Hopi maize fields have identified hydrological processes directly linked to Hopi field location criteria and farming practices. Field location criteria select for locations where soil textures and soil profile heterogeneity control rates of moisture infiltration, as well as loss to runoff, bare soil evaporation, and drainage. Farming practices, including clearing, maintenance, plant spacing, seed depth, and planting pit morphology, operate in conjunction with soil profile attributes to increase the amount of moisture available to plants and the mobility of that moisture. Effects of both soil profile attributes and farming practices are integrated into the discrete soil volume model of hydrologic processes occurring in the basic unit of Hopi farming, the individual plant clump. This information provides basic insights on ways archaeologists might evaluate the productive potentials of soils, the extent of farmable land around prehistoric communities, and the ranges of climate conditions that permit crop growth on that land.
Bear's Journey and the Study of Ritual in Archaeology
Authors: Howey Meghan C. L. , O'Shea John M.
Published: May 2010

This paper considers the archaeological study of ritual and explores the interrelationships that exist between ideologically meaningful accounts of ritual and the material representations of ritual practice that remain for archaeological evaluation. Specifically, the paper addresses the development and antiquity of the Midewiwin ritual, a ceremonial complex that is known historically throughout the Great Lakes region. The serendipitous discovery of a linkage between the Mide origin tale of Bear's Journey and the layout of the Late Prehistoric earthwork enclosures of northern Michigan provides an opportunity to document how a ritual system is represented in the archaeological record and to evaluate how the understanding of the archaeology is altered by having access to the meaning underpinning the ritual performance. The research provides unambiguous evidence for the prehistoric antiquity of the Mide ceremony and illustrates the contribution archaeology can make to understanding the long-term processes of ritual practice and change.
Comment on Harry's Discussion of Ceramic Specialization and Agricultural Marginality in the Prehistoric U.S. Southwest
Authors: Phillips David A.
Published: May 2010

Karen Harry's study indicates that agricultural marginality is an unlikely explanation for ceramic specialization in the prehistoric U.S. Southwest. Economic theory provides an alternative model for the exchange of pottery for food.
Targeted Synthesis and Environmental Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhou Ying , Patzke Greta R.
Published: May 2010

Oxide nanomaterials are indispensable building blocks for a future nanotechnology, because they offer an infinite variety of structural motifs that lead to their widespread technical application. Therefore, flexible and tunable preparative strategies are required to convert this large
family of materials onto the nanoscale. Although hydrothermal syntheses have proven especially suitable for this purpose, their reaction pathways and mechanisms often remain unknown so that they can be difficult to control. In the following, we summarize our comprehensive approach towards
nanostructured functional oxides that is based on synthetic parameter optimizations, mechanistic in situ investigations and the characterization of environmentally relevant properties, e.g. in photocatalysis or sensor technology. The connection between preparative morphology
control and the resulting materials properties is demonstrated for selected tungstate systems and bismuth-containing oxides. Furthermore, different methods for the in situ monitoring of hydrothermal processes are discussed.
Maternal super‐obesity (body mass index ≥ 50) and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: ALANIS MARK CHRISTOPHER , GOODNIGHT WILLIAM H. , HILL ELIZABETH G. , ROBINSON CHRISTOPHER J. , VILLERS MARGARET S. , JOHNSON DONNA D.
Published: May 2010

Objective. To determine if pregnancy complications are increased in super‐obese (a body mass index (BMI) of 50 or more) compared to other, less obese parturients. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting and population. All 19,700 eligible women, including 425 (2.2%) super‐obese women with singleton births between 1996 and 2007 delivering at a tertiary referral center, identified using a perinatal research database. Methods. Bivariate and trend analyses were used to assess the relation between super‐obesity and various pregnancy complications compared to other well‐established BMI categories. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression techniques. Main outcome measures. Outcomes for adjusted and unadjusted analyses were small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) birth, large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal death, preterm birth, placental abruption, cesarean delivery, and Apgar scores < 7. Results. Compared to all other obese and non‐obese women, super‐obese women had the highest rates of preeclampsia, GDM, LGA, and cesarean delivery (all p < 0.05 for trend test). Super‐obesity was also associated with a 44% reduction in SGA compared to all other women (OR 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.76) and a 25% reduction compared to other, less obese women (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.54–1.03). Super‐obesity was positively associated with LGA, GDM, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and a 5‐minute Apgar score < 7 compared to all other women after controlling for important confounders. Conclusion. Super‐obesity is associated with higher rates of pregnancy complications compared to women of all other BMI classes, including other obese women.
Impact of surgical approaches on the lumbar multifidus muscle: an experimental study using sheep as models
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Wang Yanguo , Wu Xiaojuan , Zheng Yanping , Jia Long , Li Junyan , Zhang Kai , Li Jianmin , Wei Bin
Published: May 2010

Object

In this paper, the authors assessed the effects of different surgical approaches and reconstructive methods on the spinous process after lumbar surgery in sheep.

Methods

A total of 41 healthy, adult sheep weighing 38–40 kg were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 animals per group and 1 control). Animals in Group A underwent a spinous process–splitting procedure to expose the lamina. Animals in Group B had bilateral multifidus muscles stripped and the spinous process excised. All animals in Group C underwent unilateral stripping of the multifidus muscle from the spinous process (Group C1) as well as spinous process splitting at the bottom to expose the contralateral lamina attached to the multifidus muscle (Group C2). To mimic the laminoplasty procedure, the multifidus muscles were stripped bilaterally in Group D. For all groups, the surgical level (L-6), length of incision (4 cm), the retracting distance, and time (40 minutes) remained constant. Ten months after surgery, the atrophy rate of the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the multifidus muscle, MR imaging findings, and histological changes of the muscle tissue were evaluated. Normal multifidus muscles taken from a healthy sheep at the L-6 level and the preoperative data of MR imaging in experimental animals provided control data (Group E).

Results

The MR imaging and histological scores of multifidus muscles from sheep in Groups A, B, C1, C2, and D were significantly decreased, and the atrophy rates were significantly higher than those from sheep in Group E (p < 0.05). The postoperative MR imaging and histological scores obtained in Groups A and C2 were highest and the atrophy rates were lowest, while animals from Group B had the highest atrophy rate and lowest MR imaging and histological scores among all experimental groups (p < 0.05). The scores for animals in Groups A and C2, in which the muscles were not stripped from the spinous process, achieved lower atrophy rates and higher MR imaging and histological scores than those for sheep in Groups C1 and D, in which the muscles were stripped (p < 0.05). The groups in which the spinous process was reconstructed after detachment of the muscles (Groups C1 and D) had lower atrophy rates and higher MR imaging and histological scores than Group B (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The multifidus muscle can be effectively protected by reducing the extent of muscle detachment and reconstructing the posterior bone-ligament complex. A spinous process–splitting procedure is a useful method to reduce postoperative muscle atrophy.
The Evaluation of the Baoding Industrial Clusters Competitiveness Based on VIKOR
Authors: Liu Hong Yan , Cui Li
Published: May 2010

This article is in use of the method of AHP and VIKOR, with which to introduce the present situation and evaluate the competitive ability, and then draw a conclusion that it is vary strong in Baoding. The conclusion of this paper is useful for Baoding based on analyzing the advantage of it, which point out that make full use of it and then realize and enhance the power.
The Properties of a Sort of Multidimensional Wavelet Packets According to an Integer-Valued Dilation Matrix
Authors: Qiao Bao Ming , Qiao Xue Jun
Published: May 2010

Wavelet analysis has become a popular subject in scientific research in the past twenty years. In this work, we develop the concept of a class of vector-valued multivarition matrix. A new method for constructing multidimensional vector-valued wavelet packets is formulated. Their characteristics are researched by means of operator theory, time-frequency analysis method and matrix theory. There orthogonality formulas regarding the wavelet packets are provided. Orthogonality decomposition relation formulas of the space L2(Rs)r are obtained by constructing a series of subspaces of the vector-valued wavelet packet. Furthermore, several orthonormal wavelet packet bases of space L2(Rs)r are constructed from the wavelet packets.
A Simplified Method for Distribution Design of Explosive Rods to Simulate Cosine-Distributed Impulse on Cylindrical/Conical Shell
Authors: Mao Yong Jian , Li Yu Long , Huang Han Jun
Published: May 2010

The cosine-distributed impulsive loads induced by intense soft X-ray radiation are often simulated by explosive rods in laboratory tests. The conventional design method of rods distribution needs a complicated process, by trials or optimization, to ensure the rod number as an integer. This paper proposes a simplified method based on the principle of load discretization and impulse equivalence. It has higher efficiency and more convenience, and can automatically let the rod number be an integer. This study provides an effective design tool for rod-explosive simulation tests of aerospace structures under intense soft X-ray radiation.
A Geometry-Based Accelerated Fusion Clustering Algorithm and its Application in Marine Engineering
Authors: Wang Tian Zhen , Liu Yang , Tang Tian Hao
Published: May 2010

In order to solve the problem in k-means algorithm that inappropriate selection of initial clustering centers often causes clustering in local optimum and the time complexity is too high when handling large amounts of data, a fusion clustering algorithm based on geometry is proposed in this paper. The result of experiments shows this algorithm is better than the traditional k-means and the k-means++ algorithms, with higher quality and faster speed. And at last in this paper, we apply it in marine engineering.
Study on Disambiguation by Statistical and Logical Reasoning
Authors: Suo Juan Juan
Published: May 2010

In order to find an effective for the disambiguation, we explore the ways of complementing statistical approaches with the use of ‘domain theories’, and suppose that disambiguation decisions can supply tacit information about such theories, and the theories can be in part automatically induced from such data. The experiment results can be used successfully in disambiguating other sentences from the same domain.
Some Optimal Dividend Problems for a Surplus Process with Stochastic Interest
Authors: Yu Wen Guang
Published: May 2010

In this paper, some results on the dividend payments prior to ruin in the classical surplus process with stochastic interest are derived. An integro-differential equation with a boundary conditions satisfied by the expected present value of dividend payments is derived and solved. Furthermore, closed-form expressions for exponential claims are given.
Application and Research of Multivariate Decision Tree Based on Rough Set in Comprehensive Statistic System for Coal Enterprise
Authors: Gong Bing Jiang , Bai Dong Yan , Zhao Jian Jiao
Published: May 2010

The paper uses the multi variable decision tree technology based on rough set to establish a mine effective decision-making model and realize the evaluation of effectiveness for coal mining enterprises. This technology not only effectively reduces the height of the tree, but also takes into account the readability of the classification, thus provides an effective and feasible technical means to the decision-making for enterprise management and improves the management level of coal enterprises.
Research on Multi-Index Network DEA Model
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Jian Yong , Wang Yuan
Published: May 2010

In view of the defect that network DEA (data envelopment analysis) can not establish the model of multi-index synchronously, we proposed multi-index network DEA evaluation method. Cost-type, fixed-type and income-type indices were managed suitably to form inputs and outputs. The linear programming model and its dual model of multi-index network DEA were set up. The correlative definition and theorem of the hybrid model were given. The paper proved that the decision making unit (DMU) being multi-index network DEA efficient is also multi-index DEA efficient when the model doesn’t consider the subsystems, and the subsystems of the DMU are all multi-index DEA efficient synchronously. These results enrich DEA efficient theory further. An example indicated that the hybrid evaluation method can solve multi-index problem efficiently, it can also provide improved information between inefficient DMU and optimum values. The new measure can be a good tool of systems analysis.
Genetic Algorithm Combined with Mutual Information for Image Segmentation
Authors: Shi De Jia , Liu Zhi Qiang , He Jing
Published: May 2010

In order to automatically determine the optimal threshold in image segmentation, this paper presented a new method of image segmentation based on improved genetic algorithm combined with mutual information; it used this improved genetic algorithm to globally optimize infrared image segmentation functions. This method could automatically adjust the parameters of genetic algorithm according to the fitness values of individuals and the decentralizing degree of individuals of the population, and kept the variety of population for rapidly converging to get the optimal thresholds in image segmentation, it overcame the shortcomings including worse convergent speed, easy to premature that exist in traditional genetic algorithm etc.
All Digital Nanometer Subdivision Method to Process Coarse Grating Signal
Authors: Chang Li , Xu Hui , Liu Ben Wei , Li Jian Qiang
Published: May 2010

The high resolution and wide measurement range are important for the displacement measurement based on the grating moiré fringe at present. 50lines/mm coarse grating scale is chosen often in order to carry out the wide range. Therefore, the realization of the high resolution is a difficult problem for coarse grating scale. The paper proposes a new nanometer subdivision method with CCD based on the disadvantages of previous moiré fringe collection method. CCD replaces the traditional photoelectric triode and converts moiré fringe to the pixels signal output, which can improve the moiré fringe quality of grating scale. The pixel is the basis unit of CCD; the pixel number decides directly the measurement resolution and precision. The paper chooses the liner array CCD TCD1501C that has 5000 pixel units and 7μm pixel unit，which ensures the nanometer resolution. The output signals of CCD are processed by amplifier, filter, 12 bit analog-digital converter and sent to the core processor of FPGA. The FPGA consisted of all digital system including CCD driver, subdivision, identification direction, displacement calculation, display and key control functions. The paper gave the principle of nanometer subdivision, block diagram of FPGA module and simulation waveforms.
Maximal Frequent Item Sequences Mining
Authors: Zhou Li Juan , Zhang Zhang
Published: May 2010

This work proposes a new fast algorithm finding maximal frequent item sequences from transaction database.
Itemset is defined as item sequence (IS) for mining. Two lists called ISL (Item Sequence List) and FISL (Frequent Item Sequence List) are created by scanning database once for dividing n-IS into two categories depending on whether the IS to achieve minimum support number (n is the number of attributes). Sub item sequences (SIS) whose n-superset is in ISL are generated by recursion to make sure that each k-SIS appeared before its (k+1)-superset. As current k-SIS being joined to FISL, its (k-1)-SIS are pruned (k range from 2 to n-1). At last, all SISs whose n-superset is in FISL are pruned from FISL.
We compare our new algorithm and FP-Growth by experiment to prove its superiority.
Spatial-Temporal Non-Uniform Subband Broadband Beamforming
Authors: Huang Long Yang , Luo Jun , Pan Wei Jun
Published: May 2010

A spatial-temporal scheme based on non-uniform subband general parameter filter banks for broadband beamforming of scaled aperture array is proposed in this paper. The scaled aperture array is composed of several uniformly-spaced linear subarrays, each of which processes an octave subband signal respectively. The non-uniform subband signal is implemented by tree-structure general parameter filter banks. Each subarray broadband beamforming is carried out by a kind of tapped-delay-line (TDL) infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filters beamformer, and four subarrays share the same weights. This processing architecture based beamformer splits the broadband signal into several narrower subband ones which are processed in parallel, and subarray is operating with lower sampling rate, which contributes to decreasing the computational load significantly and improving the speed and performances as well. Simulations show that computation complexity and load of this beamformer are much lower relative to the conventional TDL broadband beamfomer.
Several Properties of Quadratic Surface Tangent to Plane
Authors: Wang Ai Ling
Published: May 2010

This article has proved tangent-points have a common plane when quadratic surface is tangent to plane passing by the point outside quadratic surface , discussed several properties of quadratic surface tangent to plane.
Study on Grey Forecast Method of Chaotic Time Series
Authors: Lv Rui Hua , Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: May 2010

In this paper, the research evolving on chaotic time series forecast is firstly analyzed, and then the grey forecast model of chaotic time series is set up and is applied to chaotic time series forecast to solve the grey forecast problem of chaotic time series.
Identification of Chaotic Characteristics of Rural Energy Consumption in China Based on GA and Neural Network
Authors: Cheng Sheng , Chen Biao , Chen Lei
Published: May 2010

This paper pointed out that the time series of rural energy consumption in China had a chaotic process, the maximum of range forecasting was 7.8 years, and then built a chaos-neural network forecasting model of China's rural energy consumption, the result showed that the total rural energy consumption would reach 1276.3307 million tones standard coal equivalent in 2010. Finally, some advices were proposed to the development of rural energy.
Study of User Activity in Peer to Peer Living Streaming System
Authors: Wei Ting , Yu Qing , Peng Jin , Chen Chang Jia
Published: May 2010

understanding the characteristics of user activities make sense to various application designs, and consequently has impact on business benefit directly. In this paper, we present a study of a peer to peer (P2P) live streaming system based on measurement. We classify those channels into three types and study the statistical characteristics on user behaviors, such as user arriving and leaving, especially we conduct an in-depth analysis of their relations with program time point and time duration. We observe that users behave differently not only inside different type of channels but also different programs. We find that 1) peers watching time duration has no necessary relationship with peer interest; 2) peers watching time duration is enormously affected by program arrangement; 3) peers behavior is substantially active in the first 10min of a program. We also come up with a heuristic model about the number of online peers during a program and the watching time duration of one online user. Our study can be used as a reference for arranging the program resources and channel resources so as to attract more viewers to stay longer in the streaming system. This has important implications on not only the design and development of P2P streaming system and IPTV systems, but also the existing general TV system.
Do International Technological Spillovers Facilitate Regional Innovation Performance in China? Evidence from the Provincial Panel Data
Authors: Li Wu Wei
Published: May 2010

Based on the provincial panel data put forward by National Bureau of Statistics of China, over the period 2000-2006, this paper empirically investigates the impacts of different channels for international technological spillovers on regional innovation performance, using regional innovation performance as dependent variable, and the channels for international technological spillovers as independent variables. The empirical results in this paper indicate that learning-by-exporting and learning-by-importing have positive effects on regional innovation performance in China, and that foreign R&D activities by multinational enterprises in China have positive and statistically significant effects on regional innovation performance. In addition, absorptive capability is an important driving factor for increasing the regional innovation performance in China. Research results indicate that both international technological spillover sources and indigenous efforts, including domestic R&D intensity and absorptive capacity jointly determine the regional innovation performance in China.
Digital Controlled High Power Mid-Frequency Pulsed Power Supply
Authors: Nan Qiu , Hai Fan Yin
Published: May 2010

In this article a novel scheme of high power mid-frequency pulse power supply is proposed. The supply is made up of two major stages. First stage is dual interleaved buck chopper stage in order to make the DC bus and output pulse voltage controllable. Second stage is a inverter converting the DC voltage into a series of square AC voltage pulse. IGBT module(300A-1200V) is used as the main switch device for the proposed supply is a high power application. As we know large capacity power IGBT module can hardly work as high as 40Khz[1], so to solve this problem, interleaved control scheme is incorporated. Basic ideas are to share the total switching losses. To combine several converters working under certain sequence is the key point. Final output pulse frequency is 20-40Khz,voltage level is 0-800V, and pulse width is 0-90% changeable. The whole system is concise effective. Experimental results verified the feasibility of abovementioned power supply.
Concurrent and Separate Grade-Bundles with a Common Grade Sample Linking Designs for Vertical Scaling
Authors: Lin Chuan Ju
Published: May 2010

Mathematics tests of multiple-choice items for grades 2 through 6 were vertically scaled with the three-parameter logistic model using two different linking procedures: concurrent and separate by grade bundles. This research implements two designs under the separate by grade bundles procedure: grade bundle of two grades and grade bundle of three grades. All the items were calibrated using the 3-parameter logistic model (3-PLM) in the computer program, Bilog-MG with Grade 4 as the reference group. Under the separate grade-bundles method, the mean/sigma of the ability (i.e., θ) transformation method was applied to link the grade bundles. In general, the three scaling methods performed similarly in item difficulty and discrimination estimates, and in three score scale properties: grade-to-grade growth, grade-to-grade variability, and the separation of grade distributions. As a result, the grade-bundle of three grades design is preferable in the sense that it is more robust to the violation of the unidimensionality assumption over grades than the concurrent method and it yields less linking errors than the grade-bundle of two grades design.
Active Learning Based on New Localized Generalization Error Model for Training RBFNN
Authors: Chen San Feng , Liu Wei , Ren Xian Yi , Wang Hui Jing
Published: May 2010

A new active learning based on a new localized generalization error model is proposed in the paper for training RBFNN. The samples with largest local generalization error are selected and labelled. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective, which can select the most informative samples and fewer samples are necessary.
Logistics Domain Ontology Model and Its Application
Authors: Zhang Xian Kun , Tian Tian
Published: May 2010

Logistics domain ontology is the foundation of logistics information sharing. According to the knowledge of logistics, an eABC ontology model was be extended from ABC ontology, and a logistics domain ontology model (LDOM) based eABC was constructed. Then relations among logistics domain knowledge were represented in this model, and five key ontology elements of LDOM were described, such as concept, relation, function, axiom and instance. Finally, LDOM was validated by the analysis of a case.
Wavelet-Based Image De-Noising Method for Forest Wildfire
Authors: Yan Fei , Han Ning , Zheng Wang
Published: May 2010

Wildfire may cause serious damage to the forest. Because of the complexity of the forest environment video images obtained by CCD cameras of the automatic forest fire surveillance system often contain much noise. It will be one of the most troublesome things for the follow-up image processing procedures. After features of noise in the forest fire images are analyzed, a kind of forest fire image de-noising method based on the wavelet transform theory is introduced and its feasibility to remove noise in forest fire images is discussed in detail. Then several forest fire image de-noising experiments with various threshold decision strategies under the MATALB platform are carried out. At last these experiment results are compared according to SNR and image loss degree and it is showed that the wavelet de-noising method with the Bayes threshold estimation algorithm is one of the most efficient de-noising techniques for the image preprocessing procedure of a forest wildfire.
An Anti-Spam System Based on Service Grid
Authors: Ye Liang , Zhong Wei Ming , Liu Peng
Published: May 2010

The flood of spam has caused more serious harm in society. In this paper, we bring forward an anti-spam system based on the service grid, which can dynamically organize the mail servers on the Internet together to against the spam. We discuss the working model and system architecture of the anti-spam grid and design the core algorithm for the status monitoring and load distribution of a dispatch server. And In this paper, we implement the system performance evaluation, and the experiment results show that the system is stable, efficient and scalable.