bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A View of Jungian Analysis in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Milton Chris
Published: April 2019

This paper traces something of the Jungian presence in Aotearoa New Zealand from the late 1930s through the formal association of Jungian analysts in the late 1970s to the present day. The Jungian presence in Aotearoa New Zealand is set within the context of international Jungian thinking. A particular understanding and practice of Jungian analysis is presented. In particular, two foci: individuation and its phenomenology, along with a definition of analysis and its expression in certain dialectics. Analysis is understood as the quest for individuation, whereby one becomes the authentic and autonomous author of one’s own existence, through a professional interpersonal relationship. The analyst is understood to facilitate analysis by working out of their own autonomy, authenticity and authority — all consequences of their own individuation. Some aspects of the analytic process are described: the reductive — synthetic dialectic, the Promethean–Epimethean attitude, the presence — interpretation dialectic and the openness — loyalty to insight dialectic.
Waitara
He whai haere tā tēnei pepa i ētahi whakarerenga iho a te Hungiana arā, Jungian taunga mai i Aotearoa Niu Tīreni mai i te pito whakamutunga o ngā tau 1930s mai i ngā piringa porihanga ōkawa atu ki ngā kaitātari Hungiana i te whakamutunga o ngā tau 1970 tae noa mai ki ēnei rā. Ka poua te āta o te Hungiana i Aotearoa Niu Tīreni nei i roto i te whakaarohanga Hungiana whānui. Ka whakatauhia he momo tirohanga he momo mahi ā rātou, inā rā tōtika tonu te titiro ki ngā take e rua: te wehenga whaiaro, ōna ātanga me te aronga o te tātarihanga me tōna whakaputanga i rō ētahi matapakihanga. E mātau ana he rapunga whaiaro te tātarihanga, inā rā ka tau ki te tangata tonu te mana te rangatiratanga o tōna ake oranga mai i ngā whakapiringa ōkawa. E mātau ana mā te kaitātari e āwhina te tātaringa mai i te rapunga i tōna ake whaiaro, tōna ake mana me tōna rangatiratanga — te mutunga mai o tōna ake whaiaro. Ka whakamāramahia ētahi o ngā tirohanga o te tātarihanga: te whakamāmā — te kōrero tito, te tirohanga ā-Porometiana- ā-Epimetiana, te āta — te whakamāori kōrero me te matanui — te mau ki te whaiwhai kōrero pono.
Psychoanalytic Reflections on Wairua and Trauma
Authors: Lambrecht Ingo
Published: April 2019

Psychoanalytic work within a cultural framework of a Māori mental health service raises central questions of the socio-political dimensions of intergenerational trauma as part of the impacts of colonisation. Importantly, the sacred aspect of this trauma is addressed, often dismissed in Western political thought as secondary, yet so central in most indigenous experiences. In this article, some thought is given to the complexities of this work in regards to “spiritual holding”, a means of addressing and healing the politico-sacred wounds of a person.
Waitara
Mai i ngā mahi tātarihanga hinengaro i raro i te ahurea ratonga hauora hinengaro ka ara ake ngā pātai mō ngā taha hāpori-tōrangapū whakapā atu ki ngā whetuki tirohia ā-rēanga, arokorehia ai mai i ngā whakaaro tōrangapū Hauāuru, ahakoa te noho pū ki te maha o ngā wheako tāngata whenua. I tēnei tuhinga, ka whāia ētahi whakaaro ki te uauatanga o tēnei mahi arā, te ‘pūnga wairua’, he huarahi aronga whakaora hoki i ngā mamae rangapū-tapu o te tangata.
Lost and Found – A Five Year Old’s Struggle to Find a Home
Authors: Slater Peter
Published: April 2019

This paper will highlight Meltzer’s seminal concept of the claustrum, an unconscious phantasy of space inside the body of the internal mother that has been broken into and occupied. The function of such a phantasy of invasion into the internal mother is usually defensive in nature, where infantile anxiety has not been assuaged by adequate means of containment. The infantile part in seeking to avoid anxieties of annihilation and abandonment, in phantasy forcibly enters the internal maternal object residing there in search of relief. The price of seeking out such relief from vulnerability and helplessness is entrapment with lies, deceit, cruelty, and fraudulence as bedfellows. Meltzer pointed to the difficult struggle in escaping such fraudulent ways of being, to be able to acknowledge the goodness of the creative couple and the bearing of depressive pain. The claustrum is therefore a claustrophobic enclave. The setting is the inside of a maternal object that is made up of separate compartments, each filled with its own geographical features and qualities. This paper will draw upon intensive psychoanalytic psychotherapy with a five-year-old adopted child to illustrate the quality of existence within the claustrum and the child’s struggle to find an internal home.
Waitara
Ko tā tēnei tuhinga he aronui i te ariā tairangi a Merete, arā Meltzer, mō te mokoā, he mariko maurimoengā mokoā i roto o te tinana o te hinengaro whaea kua wāhia kua whetaia. Ko te tikanga o te mariko pērā ki te hinengaro whaea, i te nuinga o te wā, he momo whakatumatuma mēnā kāre i mau pai te whakamāoriori taiohi. Ko te wāhanga ki te taiohi i a ia e whai ana ki te karo manawa pā ā-kore, ā-whakarerehanga i rō mariko ka houa te rawa hinengaro whaea kei reira nei e noho ana ki te kimi taumatua. Ko te utu o te rapu whakamāmātanga o te pēhitanga me te paraheaheahanga he whakamau ki te kōrero parau, ki te mahi whakawiriwiri me te whānako hai hoa moetahi. I tohua ake e Merete te uauatanga o te whawhai ki te māwhiti i ēnei momo mahi, o te kaha ki te whakaae ki te pai o te tokorua mariko me te pupuri mamae pēhitanga. Nōreira, he wāhi whakatinā te mokoā nei. Ko te tūnga, ko roto o tētahi rawa morimori i hangaia mai i ētahi tūāporo whakakīa ki ōna ake matawhenua, kōunga hoki. Ka huri tēnei pepa ki te tātarihanga whaiora hinengaro o tētahi tama tāne whāngai tokorima ngā tau hai whakaahua i te kōunga o te mauri kei roto i te mokoā me te karawheta a te tamaiti ki te kimi kāinga hinengaro.
Review of Fear, Violence and Psychosis
Authors: Thorpe Miranda , Thorpe Mark
Published: April 2019

Psychotherapy with Psychotic Patients (PPP) is an organisation consisting of a multi-disciplinary group of clinicians interested in exploring how psychoanalytic thinking can contribute to the treatment of psychotic states of mind.
Editorial
Authors: Poutu Morice Margaret , Tudor Keith , Woodard Wiremu
Published: April 2019

Tēna koutou katoa e aku rau rangatira. Nau mai, hoki mai anō ki a Ata, ko tāna nei kaupapa i tēnei wāhanga, “Ko te Kāinga te Ūkaipō”.
Psychotherapy for Parents with Trauma and Attachment Difficulties
Authors: Holdem Lynne
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the arousal of therapist concern regarding the well-being of children in families where there is parental mental illness and domestic violence; a vignette demonstrates how this is understood by the therapist and processed in the therapeutic relationship. The consequent development of a small pilot to provide psycho-education and peer support to caregivers and children with parents who have mental illness in a group setting is described. Reflections are then given, following from the evaluation of this group, on the need for public funded, attachment informed, family focused therapeutic interventions for caregivers with infants, children and young people who are deemed at risk because of insecure or disorganised attachment or behavioural difficulties.
Whakarāpopotonga
E whakaahua ana tēnei pepa i te whakaohonga ake o te mānukanuka o ngā kaihaumanu e pā ana ki te hauora o ngā tamariki e pāngia ana te matua whāea rānei i te mate hinengaro me te whakarekereke-ā-whare; he whakaaturanga tā tētahi pito i tā te kaihaumanu arotau me te tukanga i roto i te here haumanu. Ka whakaahuatia te whanaketanga i ara ake mai i tētahi maramara whakamātautau ki te whakarato mātauranga-hinegaro, pou aropā hoki ki ngā kaiāwhina me ngā tamariki whai mātua mate hinengaro i roto rōpū. Ka whakaputahia ake ngā tirohanga i muri mai i te arotakenga o tēnei rōpū, mō te whai pūtea matawhānui, mātauranga here, haumanu takawaenga arotahi whānau mō ngā kaiāwhina whiwhi kōhunganga, mō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi e whakaarohia ana kei te whakamōrea nā te here kaumingomingo here tītengi rānei, te whanoke rānei.
Te Rōpu te Ūkaipo
Authors: Balfour Crispin
Published: April 2019

I have been conducting a psychotherapy group since May 2007. We have met once a week, forty-six times a year, for almost ten years. A group that endures offers a promise of home, a place to return to time and time again, where we can put down roots. New Zealand offered me a promise of home as I think it does many émigrés. Homeless, I sought my roots in the land and the people of the land. This group, the other group members, myself as conductor, are there to be made use of in another kind of homelessness. Our roots feed us but they also transform the soil they are rooted in: we all learn from each other, drawing deep from the unconscious of the group. This paper offers a glimpse into how conducting this group has shaped my understanding with reference to the thinking of Bion and Winnicott. I have come to view work group mentality as a field phenomenon, such that the individuals take for granted the group as turangawaewae, without the need to inscribe a basic assumption on that field.
Whakarāpopotonga
Mai i te marama o Haratua 2007, ahau e whakahaere rōpū whakaora hinengaro ana. Ia wiki ka tūtaki mātau, whā tekau ma ono huihuinga i te tau, tata mō te tekau tau. He rōpū māia, he tohu kāinga whakaruruhau he wāhi hai hokihokinga, he wāhi whakatipuranga rarau. I whakaarahia mai e Aotearoa he oati kāinga pērā anō ki tōku whakaaro ki te nuinga o te hunga manene. Kāinga kore, i whai pūtaketanga au i roto i ngā iwi o te whenua. Ko tēnei rōpū, hūanga o ētahi atu rōpū me au hai kaiwhakahaere e tū ana hei whai take mō tētāhi atu momo kāinga kore. Whāngai ai tātau e ō tātau pūtake, whakarerehia anō ai hoki te papa e ngā takotoranga pakiaka: he whakaakoranga tā tēnā ki tēnā, whāia hōhōnuhia mai i te mauri moe o te rōpū. Ko tā tēnei tuhinga he hoatu pitopito whakaaturanga ki te āhua o tōku mātatau ki ngā whakaaro o Piona rāua ko Winikote i ahu mai i taku takinga i tēnei rōpū. Kua puta mai ki a au te whakaohomauri o te hinengaro mahinga ā rōpū, inā rā te noho a tēnā, ā tēnā i runga i te whakaaro ko te rōpū te tūrangawaewae , ā tē aro ake i te ahunga mai o tēnei whakaaro i hea.
Healing the Nightmare, Freeing the Soul
Authors: Puls Brigitte
Published: April 2019

This is Margaret Bowater’s second book, published nearly 20 years after her first which had the overlapping topic area of dreams and visions.
The Book of Evan: The Work and Life of Evan McAra Sherrard
Authors: Kirkland John
Published: April 2019

God is Dead: Long Live God
On Visions
Authors: Manning Seán
Published: April 2019

The second in a series on secularism in psychotherapy, this article reprises the idea that paranormal, religious, spiritual or visionary experience is an essential quality of the human mind, and rather than being minimised as merely neurological events or interpreted, for instance as regression, can be given a position of meaning and importance. A distinction is made between the description of neurological or psychological events and their meaning. It is argued that visions can take us forward and give us hope and direction, rather than being considered an aspect of neurosis.
Whakarāpopotonga
Te tuarua o tētahi raupapanga e pā ana ki te wehenga hāhi i rō whakaoranga hinengaro, ka hokia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā, he kōunga waiwai o te hinengaro te wheako āta whakahirahira, pānga hāhi, wairua rānei, ā, kaua e whakaparahakohia he mea raru ā-io, e pēnei i te hokinga whakamuri, me hoatu he tūnga whaihua kairangi hoki. Ka āta tohua te rerekē i waenga i te whakaataranga raru ā-io, raru ā-hinengaro rānei me ō rāua tikanga. E whakahauhia ana mā ngā pōhewa tātau e hari whakamua e homai he manawa ora, he ahunga, kaua ko te whakaarohanga he peka nō te mānuka rau.
Tua o te Aria. Doorways into Dying
Authors: Ryan Kay
Published: April 2019

As we age or become terminally ill, we are confronted by our mortality. Being confronted by our own or another’s death can be a time of accelerated and profound growth and development. Using examples from research and personal experience working in a hospice, this article explores challenges facing our own dying as well as that of clients and family members. It discusses the relevance and benefits of psychotherapy at end of life. Throughout the dying process, disturbances can occur that may be dismissed or pathologized. This article goes further and suggests that the dying person’s apparent confusion, complex language, agitation or unusual movements, dreams and visions are some of the ways they communicate their needs and let us know what is happening to them. These phenomena are doorways through which we can connect and assist the dying to find meaning in what is happening. The dying may also experience altered and extreme states of consciousness such as coma. It is believed that in these deep inner states they are continuing their development and making spiritual connections. Rather than leaving them alone to fend for themselves, innovative interventions such as joining the world of the patient and pacing their breath are suggested. The work described in this article is based on the methods and skills found in Process Oriented Psychology, and its application to palliative care.
Whakarāpopotonga
Ka koroheke haere ake tātau, ka whakahemohemo ana rānei, ka putēhia mai tātau e mate. Putēhia mai ana e tō tātau, tō tētahi atu mate rānei, te wā whakatere whakaaroarohanga pakeketanga whanaketanga. Mai i ngā tauira rangahau, ngā wheako whaiaro mahi i te whare whakahemohemo, ka tūhurahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā whakatumatuma hāngai ki tō tatau, tō ngā kiritaki me ō te whānau. Ka matapakihia te whaitake me ngā hua o te whakaora hinengaro i te mutunga o te koiora. I te wā e whakamatemate ana tērā pea ka puta ake he ngākau kāhuirangi, a, e kene pea ka parea ki rahaki ka whakaaramātaihia rānei. He tirohanga atu anō tā tō tēnei tuhinga, e kī ana ko te ngākau kāhuirangi o te tūroro, te reo matatini, te kōmingomingotanga, oi rānei, ngā moemoeā ngā matakitenga ētahi o ngā momo whakaaturanga i ō rātau hiahia whakamōhio hoki e ahahia ana rātau. He kuaha ēnei pāmamaetanga e taea ai te hono atu, te āwhina atu i te hunga mate ki te rapu māramatanga mō ēnei pānga. Tērā pea ka wheakohia he takotoranga rērerekē, takotoranga tōpitopito o te mauri pērā i te maurimoe. E whakaponohia ana i roto i te ēnei takotoranga houroto e whakanake haere tonu ana rātau, ā, e hono atu ana ki te taha wairua. E meahia ana kaua rātau e waiho mokemokehia ki ā rātau anō, engari me huri ki te kōmuhu hou pēnei i te hono atu ki te ao o te tūroro ka whetoko i ō rātau hā. Ko te tūāpapa o ngā mahi whakaahuahia i roto I tēnei tuhinga nō ngā tukanga me ngā pūkenga kai roto i Tukanga Pānga Hinengaro, me ana whakatau ki te mahi haumanu.
Matariki: The Star of the Year
Authors: Begg Karen
Published: April 2019

Dr Rangi Matamua (Tūhoe) is an associate professor at the University of Waikato, with research interests in Māori astronomy and star lore, Māori culture, and Māori language development, research and revitalisation.
Highly Uniform Resistive Switching in HfO2 Films Embedded with Ordered Metal Nanoisland Arrays
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Li Linze , Huyan Huaixun , Pan Xiaoqing , Nonnenmann Stephen S.
Published: April 2019

Memristors enter a critical developmental stage where emerging large‐scale integration methods face major challenges with severe switching instabilities in the oxide layer. Here, the superior uniformity is achieved within HfO2 films by embedding highly ordered metal nanoisland (NI) arrays. Embedded films exhibit a significant reduction in both SET and RESET while displaying enhanced uniformity in operating voltages and resistance states. This behavior is attributed to the concentration of electric fields along Pt and Ti NIs and their interactions with the surrounding oxide film matrix environment, which induce separate and distinct filamentary formation mechanisms that affect the stability. A method is reported to further optimize the uniformity of the SET voltage by translating the NI array position down the film‐thickness dimension towards the bottom electrode. A comparison of the density and distribution of the oxygen vacancies responsible for the formation/dissolution of conducting filaments is made via combined electrostatic force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy (c‐AFM) studies. Finally, complete observation of the morphological evolution of conducting filaments produced by Pt and Ti is enabled by 3D c‐AFM nanotomography and cross‐sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy to provide direct correlations between NI‐oxide interactions and overall switching performance.
Porous Silicon Nanostructures as Effective Faradaic Electrochemical Sensing Platforms
Authors: Guo Keying , Sharma Apoorva , Toh Rou Jun , Alvárez de Eulate Eva , Gengenbach Thomas R. , Cetó Xavier , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Prieto‐Simón Beatriz
Published: April 2019

The electrochemical performance of porous silicon (pSi) stabilized via thermal decomposition of acetylene gas is investigated for the first time. In this study, pSi undergoes two thermal treatments at either 525 or 800 °C, which result in hydrogen‐terminated thermally hydrocarbonized pSi (THCpSi) and hydroxyl‐terminated thermally carbonized pSi (TCpSi), respectively, the latter upon dipping in hydrofluoric acid to activate the surface termination. Electrochemical characterization, using cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of several redox pairs, [Fe(CN)6]3/4−, [Ru(NH3)6]2/3+, and hydroquinone/quinone, is used to demonstrate the versatility and high stability to degradation of carbon‐stabilized pSi nanostructures and their excellent electrochemical performance. Added to the large surface area, adjustable pore morphology and tailorable surface chemistry of THCpSi and TCpSi, these nanostructures demonstrate fast electron‐transfer kinetics, providing key advantages over conventional carbon electrodes. The versatile surface chemistry of THCpSi and TCpSi offer various possibilities to introduce multiple functional groups depending on the nature of the bioreceptor to be immobilized. For proof of principle, the use of a THCpSi‐based immunosensor to detect MS2 bacteriophage is demonstrated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showing a detection limit of 4.9 pfu mL−1. Carbon‐stabilized pSi structures represent a new class of nanostructured electrodes for biosensing applications.
Electro–Chemo–Mechanical Issues at the Interfaces in Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Qu Wenjie , Song Wei‐Li , Chen Haosen , Chen Renjie , Fang Daining
Published: April 2019

Effective solid‐state interfacial contact of both the cathode and lithium metal anode with the solid electrolyte (SE) are required to improve the performance of solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSBs). Electro–chemo–mechanical coupling (ECMC) strongly affects the interfacial stability of SSBs. On one hand, mechanical stress strongly influences interfacial contact and causes side reactions. On the other hand, electrochemical reactions such as lithium deposition cause mechanical deformation and stress at electrode/SE interfaces. To solve the degradation/failure problems of interfaces and provide guidelines to construct high‐performance SSBs, the ECMC at electrode/SE interfaces should be comprehensively investigated. In this review, the problems associated with ECMC at electrode/SE interfaces are summarized. The interfacial degradation/failure mechanisms, including the contact and electrochemical stability of interfaces, are introduced. Mechanical factors affecting interfacial contact and lithium deposition are highlighted. Experimental observation and computational analysis methods for electrode/SE interfaces are then summarized. Strategies to construct stable electrode/SE interfaces, such as assembling stress and wetting layers to improve interfacial contact, 3D SE structure, and plating stress relief to suppress lithium dendrite formation, are reviewed. The remaining challenges to better understanding ECMC and related solutions to aid SSB development are discussed.
Facile and Efficient Construction of Water‐Soluble Biomaterials with Tunable Mesoscopic Structures Using All‐Natural Edible Proteins
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Xianfu , Zhong Qixin , Chen Zhengxing , Wang Ren , Patel Ashok R.
Published: April 2019

Developing biomaterials with tunable chemical and physical properties using natural molecules is central to a wide range of applications, yet the manipulation of biomacromolecular structures toward tailorable architectures remains limited. Herein, for the first time, a set of all‐natural, ubiquitous edible protein‐based nanostructures with fascinating tunability in their mesostructures easily transformed from 3D nanonet to 2D thin sheet and to nanoparticles is presented. This is achieved by simply dissolving casein micelles and various amounts of rice proteins in an alkaline solution (pH 12), followed by neutralization to form mesoscale protein composites. The structural transitions as a result of tuning the two protein ratio are confirmed by atomic force microscopy, cryo‐transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. When loaded with a hydrophobic model drug, apigenin (also a food‐sourced molecule), the mesoscopic structure determines the in vivo anti‐tumor activity of apigenin. The availability and biocompatibility of the studied materials, plus simple preparation and easy manipulation of the mesostructures, have promise in designing on‐demand biochemical‐carrying materials with numerous applications.
Multiphotoluminescence from a Triphenylamine Derivative and Its Application in White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Single Emissive Layer
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Cui Jieshun , Ba Qiankai , Zhang Zhe , Chen Shaoqing , Yin Guoxin , Wang Yu , Li Bobo , Xiang Guohong , Kim Kwang Soo , Xu Hu , Zhang Zhaoyu , Wang Hsing‐Lin
Published: April 2019

White organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) technology has attracted considerable attention because of its potential use as a next‐generation solid‐state lighting source. However, most of the reported WOLEDs that employ the combination of multi‐emissive materials to generate white emission may suffer from color instability, high material cost, and a complex fabrication procedure which can be diminished by the single‐emitter‐based WOLED. Herein, a color‐tunable material, tris(4‐(phenylethynyl)phenyl)amine (TPEPA), is reported, whose photoluminescence (PL) spectrum is altered by adjusting the thermal annealing temperature nearly encompassing the entire visible spectra. Density functional theory calculations and transmission electron microscopy results offer mechanistic understanding of the PL redshift resulting from thermally activated rotation of benzene rings and rotation of 4‐(phenylethynyl) phenyl)amine connected to the central nitrogen atom that lead to formation of ordered molecular packing which improves the π–π stacking degree and increases electronic coupling. Further, by precisely controlling the annealing time and temperature, a white‐light OLED is fabricated with the maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.4% with TPEPA as the only emissive molecule. As far as it is known, thus far, this is the best performance achieved for single small organic molecule based WOLED devices.
Double‐Site Ni–W Nanosheet for Best Alkaline HER Performance at High Current Density >500 mA cm−2
Authors: Wu Huan , Kong Lingqiao , Ji Yujin , Yan Junqing , Ding Yimin , Li Youyong , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: April 2019

The efficiency of the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has remained limited. Herein, a bimetallic Ni–W catalyst fabricated by the rapid dehydration of W‐doped Ni(OH)2 is reported. The Ni–W surface exhibits the following merits for an enhanced alkaline HER: a greater number of vacant outer d‐orbitals, better discharge characteristics, and a more significant difference in H adsorption between W and Ni atoms. The free water molecules are adsorbed onto W sites, then dissociated into *OH and *H. While *OH is released into the solution, *H is re‐adsorbed by nearby Ni sites. The synergistic effect of the Ni–W surface sites imparts this catalyst with the highest activity and the best stability at high current density. Specifically, at a current density of 500 mA cm‐2, the Ni–W catalyst reduces the overpotential to 303 mV, compared with 409 mV for the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, the Ni–W catalyst exhibits better long‐term stability than the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C. Whereas the Pt activity decreases by 181 mA cm‐2 after 31 h of testing at 500 mA cm‐2, the Ni–W loses only 55 mA cm‐2 under the same conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the synergistic mechanism, which can be useful for general alkaline HER processes.
Chemoselective Biohydrogenation of Alkenes in the Presence of Alkynes for the Homologation of 2‐Alkynals/3‐Alkyn‐2‐ones into 4‐Alkynals/Alkynols
Authors: Colombo Danilo , Brenna Elisabetta , Gatti Francesco G. , Ghezzi Maria Chiara , Monti Daniela , Parmeggiani Fabio , Tentori Francesca
Published: April 2019

The chemoselective hydrogenation of alkenes in the presence of alkynes is a very challenging transformation to achieve with traditional chemical methods. The development of an effective procedure to perform this transformation would enrich the tool‐kit available to organic chemists for the development of useful synthetic routes, and the creation of novel structural motifs. The reduction of activated alkene bonds by ene‐reductases (ERs) is completely chemoselective, because of the mechanism of the reaction. Thus, we investigated the use of ERs belonging to the Old Yellow Enzyme family for the reduction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with a conjugated C≡C triple bond at the γ position. This reaction was exploited as the key step for the development of an effective homologation route to convert aryl and alkyl substituted propynals and butynones into 4‐alkynals and 4‐alkynols, avoiding some troublesome or hazardous steps of known synthetic routes.

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Sex ratio and maternal age in a natural fertility, subsistence population: Daughters, sons, daughters
Authors: Rapaport Tomas , Villaseñor Fernando A. , Altman Rachel M. , Nepomnaschy Pablo A.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To evaluate putative links between birth sex ratios (BSR = male:female births) and maternal age in a traditional, agricultural, natural fertility population. Metabolic energy, social support, and the costs and benefits associated with producing sons versus daughters can affect BSR. These variables fluctuate with maternal age. Most studies evaluating links between maternal age and BSR have been based on industrialized populations, which differ importantly from traditional indigenous communities in terms of the aforementioned socio‐ecological variables.

Materials and methods

We analyze data from 108 mothers and their 603 children living in an agricultural, pronatalist, Kakchiquel Mayan community.

Results

A logistic regression model, including linear and quadratic maternal age terms and women‐specific random effects, shows a nonmonotonic (p = .028) relationship between log BSR and maternal age. For maternal age ≤ 22, the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for BSR is <1, suggesting a bias toward girls. The probability of birthing a son increased early during the average mother's reproductive career, peaked at age 31.3 (approximately 95% CI = 27.1, 35.5), and decreased as she approached her perimenopausal period (p = .014).

Discussion

No changes in mating system, population sex ratio, mortality patterns, natural disasters, social risk, or toxic exposures were observed and thus are unlikely to explain our results. At this point, age‐related changes in metabolic energy, social support, and costs and benefits associated with offspring sex cannot be excluded as possible explanations. BSR can affect growth, morbidity, and mortality. Thus, our results are relevant to numerous fields, including anthropology, ecology, demography, and public health.
Nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses form variation among modern humans of Asian descent
Authors: Evteev Andrej A. , Grosheva Alexandra N.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

This study explores variation, covariation, and ecogeographic pattern of the nasal cavity, maxillary sinuses, and external midfacial skeleton across 15 populations of east Asian origin inhabiting the Far East, Siberia, Alaska and Greenland.

Materials and Methods

We have collected linear measurements of the internal nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and external midfacial skeleton as well as volumes and surface areas of three‐dimensional models of the cavity. A set of seven climatic variables, mtDNA and Y‐chromosome genetic matrices and a matrix of geographic distances were also utilized.

Results

A strong association between form of the nasal cavity and climate was found, whereby all north Asian groups display increased volumes, areas and lengths of the cavity, and surface area to volume ratios (SA/V). Most of Siberian groups exhibit not only large and long, but also wide and tall nasal cavity. The Eskimo‐Aleutian speaking groups possess cavities that are vertically short and narrow but of a high SA/V ratio. The sinuses exhibit an exceptionally high level of within‐ and between‐group variation which supports the views on the sinus as an architectural byproduct. Both volume and area of the nasal cavity can be reliably estimated based on a set of simple and repeatable linear measurements.

Discussion

While the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus are both larger in a larger facial skeleton, there is a strong inverse relationship between them at a given facial size. Our results do not support the notion that the shape of the internal nasal cavity is more strongly associated with climate compared to the external midfacial morphology.
Soybean Oil Fatty Acid Ester Estolides as Potential Plasticizers
Authors: Stolp Lucas J. , Gronlund Patrick J. , Kodali Dharma R.
Published: April 2019

Fatty acid ester estolides were synthesized from soybean oil and evaluated for plasticizer functionality in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The plasticization ability of the fatty acid ester estolides depends upon the molecular features such as polarity, molecular weight, and branching. The structure of the fatty acid derivatives was modified at the ester head group with various alcohols and the estolide branch was created at the site of unsaturation. Soy fatty acid esters of methanol, iso‐butanol, 2‐ethylhexanol, and glycerol were prepared to vary the size and polarity at the ester head group. Estolides of these fatty acid esters were prepared using two synthetic routes. In the first route, the fatty acid ester was condensed with an aliphatic acid at the site of unsaturation in the presence of a strong mineral acid. In the second route, the fatty acid ester double bonds were converted to epoxy groups, which were ring opened and acetylated to form acetate estolides. The first synthetic route resulted in low‐average estolide content per fatty acid chain while the second route resulted in a higher estolide content per fatty acid chain. The fatty acid ester estolides compounded with PVC showed good plasticizer properties as evidenced by the rheological properties and reduction in glass transition temperature. The fatty acid ester estolides with a higher estolide content had better plasticizer functionality, comparable to commercial controls.
Temperature stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles from chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) as a drug delivery system
Authors: Fernández‐Quiroz Daniel , Loya‐Duarte Jorge , Silva‐Campa Erika , Argüelles‐Monal Waldo , Sarabia‐Sainz Andre‐í , Lucero‐Acuña Armando , del Castillo‐Castro Teresa , San Román Julio , Lizardi‐Mendoza Jaime , Burgara‐Estrella Alexel J. , Castaneda Beatriz , Soto‐Puebla Diego , Pedroza‐Montero Martín
Published: April 2019

This work describes the preparation of thermosensitive chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) nanoparticles by ionic gelation and their potential use as a controlled drug delivery system, using doxorubicin as a model drug. A systematic study of the effect of the main processing parameters on both the size and thermoresponsive behavior of nanoparticles was investigated. The size of the particles is strongly dependent on the length of the poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) grafted chains and the concentration of the copolymer and crosslinking agent solutions. The molecular structure of the copolymer plays an essential role in the phase transition temperature of the particles, which decreases with the length of PVCL grafted chain. The system displayed proper drug‐association parameters, and the drug‐loaded nanoparticles exhibited dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. A significant increase in the doxorubicin delivery rate was observed above the phase transition temperature (40 °C). These features indicate that these nanoparticles are suitable for the development of a new thermally controlled anti‐cancer drug delivery system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47831.
Minimum time control of large‐scale boolean control networks with constraints
Authors: Pan Jinfeng , Feng Jun‐e , Meng Min , Zhao Jianli
Published: April 2019

The minimum time control that steers a large‐scale Boolean control network with constraints from an initial state to a given state is investigated. This problem is studied under the partition of the large‐scale Boolean control networks. Based on that, the problem is converted to finding the minimum time control for each subnetwork. Hence, the minimum time control for small size Boolean control networks with constraints is considered firstly. Then, a method to solve the problem for large‐scale Boolean control networks with constraints is presented. Finally, a numerical example on T‐cell receptor kinetics is given to show the effectiveness of the main results.
Application of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the prediction of mirabegron plasma concentrations in a population with severe renal impairment
Authors: Konishi Kentaro , Minematsu Tsuyoshi , Nagasaka Yasuhisa , Tabata Kenji
Published: April 2019

We previously verified a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for mirabegron in healthy subjects using the Simcyp Simulator by incorporating data on the inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and a multi‐elimination pathway mediated by CYP3A4, uridine 5′‐diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The aim of this study was to use this PBPK model to assess the magnitude of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in an elderly population with severe renal impairment (sRI), which has not been evaluated in clinical trials. We first determined the system parameters, and meta‐analyses of literature data suggested that the abundance of UGT2B7 and the BChE activity in an elderly population with sRI was almost equivalent to and 20% lower than that in healthy young subjects, respectively. Other parameters, such as the CYP3A4 abundance, for an sRI population were used according to those built into the Simcyp Simulator. Second, we confirmed that the PBPK model reproduced the plasma concentration–time profile for mirabegron in an sRI population (simulated area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) was within 1.5‐times that of the observed value). Finally, we applied the PBPK model to simulate DDIs in an sRI population. The PBPK model predicted that the AUC for mirabegron with itraconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor) was 4.12‐times that in healthy elderly subjects administered mirabegron alone, and predicted that the proportional change in AUC for desipramine (a CYP2D6 substrate) with mirabegron was greater than that in healthy subjects. In conclusion, the PBPK model was verified for the purpose of DDI assessment in an elderly population with sRI.
Nodal increases the malignancy of childhood neuroblastoma cells via regulation of Zeb1
Authors: Wu Jingfang , Cheng Panpan , Huang Zongxuan , Tan Qingshi , Qu Yuhua
Published: April 2019

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant tumors derived from pluripotent cells of the neural crest. Nodal is an important embryonic morphogen which can re‐express in cancer cells. The roles of Nodal in the progression of NB are not illustrated. Our present study reveals that Nodal is upregulated in NB cells and tissues. Targeted inhibition of Nodal can suppress the in vitro migration and invasion of NB cells while increase its chemo‐sensitivity to doxorubicin (Dox) treatment. Nodal positively regulates the expression of Zeb1, one well‐known transcription factors of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Knockdown of Zeb1 can attenuate Nodal‐induced malignancy of NB cells. Mechanistically, Nodal increases the protein stability of Zeb1 while has no effect on its mRNA expression. It is due to that Nodal can increase the expression of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), which can phosphorylate and stabilize Zeb1 in cancer cells. Collectively, our data revealed that Nodal can increase the malignancy of NB cells via increasing the expression of Zeb1. It suggests that targeted inhibition of Nodal might be a potential therapy approach for NB treatment. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):355–363, 2019
Ultrahigh‐throughput screening system for directed polymer binding peptide evolution
Authors: Apitius Lina , Rübsam Kristin , Jakesch Christina , Jakob Felix , Schwaneberg Ulrich
Published: April 2019

Accumulation of plastics in the environment became a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era. An effective reduction of long‐lasting plastics requires a treatment with micro‐organisms that release polymer‐degrading enzymes. Polymer binding peptides function as adhesion promoters and enable a targeted binding of whole cells to polymer surfaces. An esterase A‐based Escherichia coli cell surface display screening system was developed, that enabled directed evolution of polymer binding peptides for improved binding strength to polymers. The E. coli cell surface screening system facilitates an enrichment of improved binding peptides from a culture broth through immobilization of whole cells on polymer beads. The polypropylene (PP)‐binding peptide liquid chromatography peak I (LCI) was simultaneously saturated at five positions (Y29, D31, G35, E42, and D45; 3.2 million variants) and screened for improved PP‐binding in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS; 0.25 mM). The cell surface system enabled efficient screening of the generated LCI diversity (in total ~10 million clones were screened). Characterization of identified LCI binders revealed an up to 12‐fold improvement (eGFP‐LCI‐CSD‐3: E42V/D45H) in PP‐binding strength in the presence of the surfactant LAS (0.125 mM). The latter represents a first whole cell display screening system to improve adhesion peptides which can be used to direct and to immobilize organisms specifically to polymer surfaces (e.g., PP) and novel applications (e.g., in targeted plastic degradation).
Repurposing fed‐batch media and feeds for highly productive CHO perfusion processes
Authors: Kuiper Marcel , Spencer Chris , Fäldt Eric , Vuillemez Audrey , Holmes William , Samuelsson Teres , Gruber David , Castan Andreas
Published: April 2019

Perfusion is a cell culture mode that is gaining popularity for the manufacture of monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives. The cell culture media supporting perfusion culture need to support higher cell densities than those used in fed‐batch culture. Therefore, when switching from a fed‐batch to a perfusion mode, a new medium need to be developed which supports high cell densities, high productivity, and favorable product quality. We have developed a method for deriving perfusion culture media based on existing fed‐batch media and feeds. We show that we can obtain culture media that successfully support perfusion cultures in a single‐use rocking bioreactor system at cell‐specific perfusion rates below 25 pL−1 cell−1 day−1. High productivities and favorable product quality are also achievable.
Metformin modifies disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in men with type 2 diabetes but without chronic liver diseases
Authors: Wang Chen‐Pin , Kuhn John , Shah Dimpy P. , Schmidt Susanne , Lam Yui‐Wing F. , MacCarthy Daniel , Tenner Laura , Ramirez Amelie G.
Published: April 2019

Background

We assessed racial/ethnic disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but without chronic liver diseases (CLD), and whether metformin use modified the disparity.

Methods

Study cohort: the nationwide Veterans Administration Health Care System electronic medical records among 40‐89 years old men with T2D; without CLD, cancer, cardiovascular or renal diseases previously; insulin and thiazolidinedione naive. Logistic regression analyses compared HCC incidence between race/ethnicity groups under no metformin use adjusted for covariates and inverse propensity score weights (IPSW) for race/ethnicity. The generalizability technique integrated with IPSW was incorporated to compare covariates adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of HCC associated with metformin use among race/ethnicity groups.

Results

Study cohort: N = 84 433; 79.47% non‐Hispanic white (NHW), 15.5% non‐Hispanic African American (NHAA), 5.03% Hispanics; 36.76% metformin users; follow‐up 6.10 ± 2.87 years; age 67.8 ± 9.8 years, HbA1c 6.57 ± 0.98%; 0.14% HCC cases. Under no metformin use, HCC incidence was lower for NHAA vs NHW (aOR = 0.60 [0.40‐0.92]), similar between NHW and Hispanics. Metformin was associated with reduced HCC risk: aOR = 0.57 (0.40‐0.81) for NHW; aOR = 0.35 (0.25‐0.47) for NHAA; aOR = 0.31 (0.22‐0.43) for Hispanics. Metformin dose >1000 mg/d was neutral for NHW; less effective for NHAA (P = 0.02); more effective for Hispanics (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

In men with T2D but without CLD nor metformin use, HCC incidence was lower for NHAA compared to NHW or Hispanics; similar between NHW and Hispanics. Metformin use reduced HCC risk and modified the race/ethnicity disparity.

Impact

Metformin's heterogeneous HCC prevention effect elucidates potential interventions to modify HCC disparity in patients with T2D.
Graduate training in psychotherapy: The importance of ongoing clinical activity for the training faculty
Authors: Overholser James C.
Published: April 2019

Background

Psychotherapy training is designed to help graduate students develop confidence and competence in their clinical skills.

Approach

The present manuscript explores three dimensions of an Aristotelian doctrine of knowledge as related to skill in psychotherapy.

Findings

First, a psychotherapist should be knowledgeable about the background information pertaining to psychological theories and current research in the field. Typically, background information is covered in graduate courses and updated through continuing education opportunities for the licensed psychologists. Second, psychotherapists develop competence in technical skills used in psychotherapy sessions. For graduate students, competence in technical skills can be developed through the direct provision of clinical services in supervised placements. For faculty members, technical skills can be maintained through their involvement in ongoing clinical activities. Third, psychotherapy instructors need expertise in practical wisdom to guide clinical judgment and ethical reasoning skills. Expertise develops through years of practice.

Conclusions

Graduate students are expected to develop background knowledge and basic competence in clinical skills. Furthermore, faculty members who teach graduate courses on psychological assessment, psychiatric diagnosis and psychological treatments can be expected to attain a level of expertise. Psychotherapy training is improved when faculty instructors have ongoing clinical experience and practical wisdom. The present manuscript confronts the problem and proposes several possible solutions.
Assessing Blending of Non‐Newtonian Fluids in Static Mixers by Planar Laser‐Induced Fluorescence and Electrical Resistance Tomography
Authors: Forte Giuseppe , Albano Andrea , Simmons Mark J. H. , Stitt Hugh E. , Brunazzi Elisabetta , Alberini Federico
Published: April 2019

Planar laser‐induced fluorescence (PLIF) and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) were applied simultaneously to monitor the mixing performance of a KM static mixer for the blending of non‐Newtonian fluids of dissimilar rheologies in the laminar regime. The areal distribution method was used to obtain quantitative information from the ERT tomograms and the PLIF images. Comparison of the ERT and PLIF results demonstrates the ability of ERT to detect the mixing performance in cases of poor mixing within the resolution of the measurement, though the accuracy decreases as the condition of perfect mixing is approached. Thus, ERT has the potential to detect poor mixing within the confines of its resolution limit and the required conductivity contrast, providing potential rapid at‐line measurement for industrial practitioners.
Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Closures for Bubbly Regime CFD Simulations in Developing Pipe Flow
Authors: Shiea Mohsen , Buffo Antonio , Baglietto Emilio , Lucas Dirk , Vanni Marco , Marchisio Daniele
Published: April 2019

The effect of interfacial forces and relevant closures, particularly the lift and wall lubrication forces, on the predictions of Eulerian‐Eulerian computational fluid dynamics simulations of bubbly flows was studied. The test case under study was a developing turbulent bubbly pipe flow, simulated by using OpenFOAM. The results show that the geometric approach to consider the wall effect leads to better agreement than a standard relation assuming asymmetric drainage around the bubble near the wall. Furthermore, the results verify the need for employing negative lift coefficients in cases with large bubbles. A sensitivity analysis on the lift coefficient highlighted the importance of investigating spatially developing flows to draw general conclusions on the applicability of closure relations.
Design of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Assistant Dopants to Suppress the Nonradiative Component in Red Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Ji Han , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: April 2019

Organic light‐emitting diodes are currently under research to achieve high efficiency and long life by using thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. In particular, many studies have focused on ensuring high efficiency in fluorescent devices by introducing TADF materials. Herein, four kinds of orange‐colored TADF materials were synthesized and introduced into 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylbisbenz[5,6]indeno[1,2,3‐cd:1′,2′,3′‐lm]perylene (DBP) red fluorescent devices as assistant dopants. These TADF materials assisted in achieving high efficiency in DBP devices by reducing nonradiative process by Dexter energy transfer and harvesting singlet excitons by a Förster resonance energy transfer process. Among the four TADF materials, 2‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐6‐(9,9‐diphenylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione (DtBIQAP) showed a higher reverse intersystem crossing rate and a smaller nonradiative rate constant than the other two materials, which can reduce the exciton loss process. As a result, the DtBIQAP‐assisted DBP device showed a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.2 % and color coordinates of (0.63, 0.37) in red fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. This study provided a strategy of developing assistant dopants for high external quantum efficiency in TADF‐assisted fluorescent devices.