bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology in Education: Riding the Wave of the Future. Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), June 22, 2024
Authors:   Chiropractic Educators Research Forum
Published: September 2024

The Chiropractic Educators Research Forum convened a conference on June 22, 2024. During this meeting, attendees shared what chiropractic programs are doing, specifically focusing on education research related to technology. Presenters and panelists discussed what technology chiropractic programs should be using to educate chiropractors for the future.
Role Perception of Agro Input Dealers in Providing Agro Advisory Services to the Farmers in Gaya, Bihar, India
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Bose Dipak Kumar , Jahanara  , Mazhar Syed H
Published: September 2024

Role performance of agri input dealers plays a key role in increasing the extension services potential of the input dealers. The present study was conducted in Gaya district of Bihar, India. It aimed to analyse the role performance of agri input dealers towards agro advisory services. The blocks namely Gaya, Manpur and Tekari were selected purposively due to large number of dealers present in the area. Data were collected from 320 respondents using pre-tested interview schedule and were analysed using appropriate statistical tests. The study inferred that half of the respondents had medium level of perception (51.88%), followed by (18.75%) and (14.69%) high and very high levels of perception. A small percentage of (8.75%) and (5.94%) respondents had low and very low level of perception respectively. Role perception is crucial because it governs the quality and efficiency of agro advisory services.
Enhancing Compressed Sensing with Graph Structural Constraints: A Novel Approach to Active Learning in Measurement Matrices
Authors: Chekousari Maryam Mehraban
Published: September 2024

Compressed sensing on the graph, signals can be approximated by the graph and with the nodes containing information, so compressed sensing can collect information distributed on nodes or links. Also, compressed sensing on the graph becomes important due to the high cost of examining parameters one by one and the unavailability of information on some of them directly in the graph. In this article, by using the idea of ​​active learning and random walking, a method has been introduced to improve the construction of the measurement matrix in the field of the graph, so that information from the graph that is used in the construction of the measurement matrix (assuming that the measurement matrix is ​​underdetermined and non-horizontal) is introduced by the random walk method. They may be missed, identified, and, after observation, inserted into the measurement matrix, resulting in a stronger recovery of the original signal. To test this method, firstly, from the data set containing five hundred and ninety as the initial signal, the measurement matrix is ​​constructed with two random walking methods and the proposed method, and the output vector is obtained from it, then the initial thin signal is received with two recovery algorithms, convex optimization and model is recovered and finally calculates the amount of error and the degree of similarity of the four recovered signals compared to the original signal and from their comparison, it is clear that the recovery of the thin signal from the matrix made by the proposed method and the recovery with the convex optimization algorithm has the highest The degree of similarity and the lowest amount of error with the original signal is compared to the other three recovered signals.
Monitoring and Assessment of Subarnarekha River Water Quality Using Water Quality Index
Authors: Dahanga Preety , Nath Satyendra
Published: September 2024

Subarnarekha river is the lifeline of tribal communities and fishing communities, residing on the riverbanks and their life and livelihood is affected by the river’s pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the water quality status of Subarnarekha River in Ranchi. River water samples were analyzed for physio-chemical parameters such as pH, Turbidity, DO, BOD3, Total hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Phosphorus and Chromium. After the physio-chemical analysis, Water Quality Index (WQI) was established for these 9 physio-chemical parameters by following the weighted arithmetic method. Water samples were collected from 8 different sampling locations from the month of January 2024 to May 2024. Subarnarekha river water quality falls between the category of excellent to acceptable as per WQI, as it ranged between 6.76 - 26.4. The WQI value of Site 1 and Site 2 falls under the excellent category throughout the observation period, expect in the month of April; water is fit for drinking, bathing and aquatic life.
Unraveling Promising Genetic Variability Associated with Strong Culm and Yield Parameters in Inter Sub-Specific Cross Derived Recombinant Inbred Lines in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Akshay Mamidi , Krishna Lavuri , Badri Jyothi , Barbadikar Kalyani M. , Rao D. Sanjeeva
Published: September 2024

Strengthening the rice culm through genetic improvement has been an important target in breeding to abate the lodging problem in rice. The present investigation was attempted to study the variability, genetic parameters and trait association in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from inter sub-specific cross of elite indica mega variety ‘Swarna’ and Tropical japonica strong culm accession ‘IRGC 39111’. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) displayed significant variation in RILs for all the traits studied. The investigation revealed high estimates of GCV and PCV along with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for all culm strength (CS) traits revealing the role of additive gene effect and selection of these traits shall be effective in rice improvement. Correlation studies revealed that the internode breaking weight (IBW) and bending moment at breaking(M) had a high significant positive correlation with all the CS traits, panicle weight and grain yield. Thus, the direct selection of positively associated traits can improve the lodging resistance in rice. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that, seven principal components (PCs) out of 23 traits attributed approximately 92.9% of the total cumulative variability. The traits culm thickness (CT), Internode breaking weight (IBW), section modulus (SM), bending stress (BS), Bending moment at breaking (M) contributed maximum to the total diversity and the lines with higher trait values for the aforementioned traits could be utilized as donors to improve the culm strength and its attributing traits in future breeding programs. From this study, it is evident that tropical japonica lines can be a great source of genetic diversification for rice improvement.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solution of Hadamard-Type Temporal Fractional Equations and Numerical Application Using the SBA Plus Method
Authors: KABORE Germain , MADAI Oumar , Abbo Bakari , SO Ousseni
Published: September 2024

The work addressed in this article consists in guaranteeing the existence and uniqueness of solutions for Cauchy problems involving fractional Hadamard differential equations. Our results are based on the classical Weissinger fixed-point theorem. Finally, we present three examples of solutions using the SBA plus method.
Tracing dust input to the global ocean using thorium isotopes in marine sediments: ThoroMap
Authors: Kienast S. S. , Winckler G. , Lippold J. , Albani S. , Mahowald N. M.
Published: September 2016

Continental dust input into the ocean‐atmosphere system has significant ramifications for biogeochemical cycles and global climate, yet direct observations of dust deposition in the ocean remain scarce. The long‐lived isotope thorium‐232 (232Th) is greatly enriched in upper continental crust compared to oceanic crust and mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐like volcanogenic material. In open ocean sediments, away from fluvial and ice‐rafted sources of continental material, 232Th is often assumed to be of predominantly eolian origin. In conjunction with flux normalization based on the particle reactive radioisotope thorium‐230 (230Th), 232Th measurements in marine sediments are a promising proxy for dust accumulation in the modern and past ocean. Here we present ThoroMap, a new global data compilation of 230Th‐normalized fluxes of 232Th. After careful screening, we derive dust deposition estimates in the global ocean averaged for the late Holocene (0–4 ka) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19–23 ka). ThoroMap is compared with dust deposition estimates derived from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3) and CCSM4, two coupled atmosphere, land, ocean, and sea ice models. Model‐data correlation factors are 0.63 (CCSM3) and 0.59 (CCSM4) in the late Holocene and 0.82 (CCSM3) and 0.83 (CCSM4) in the LGM. ThoroMap is the first compilation that is built on a single, specific proxy for dust and that exclusively uses flux‐normalization to derive dust deposition rates.
Impact of fluid injection on fracture reactivation at The Geysers geothermal field
Authors: Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Bohnhoff Marco , Dresen Georg
Published: September 2016

We analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of fault geometries from seismicity induced by fluid injection at The Geysers geothermal field. The consistency of these faults with the local stress field is investigated using (1) the fault instability coefficient I comparing the orientation of a fault with the optimal orientation for failure in the assumed stress field and (2) the misfit angle β between slip vectors observed from focal mechanisms and predicted from stress tensor. A statistical approach is applied to calculate the most likely fault instabilities considering the uncertainties from focal mechanisms and stress inversion. We find that faults activated by fluid injection may display a broad range in orientations. About 72% of the analyzed seismicity occurs on faults with favorable orientation for failure with respect to the stress field. However, a number of events are observed either to occur on severely misoriented faults or to slip in a different orientation than predicted from stress field. These events mostly occur during periods of high injection rates and are located in proximity to the injection wells. From the stress inversion, the friction coefficient providing the largest overall instability is μ = 0.5. About 91% of the events are activated with an estimated excess pore pressure <10 MPa, in agreement with previous models considering the combined effect of thermal and poroelastic stress changes from fluid injection. Furthermore, high seismic activity and largest magnitudes occur on favorably oriented faults with large instability coefficients and low slip misfit angles.
Tidal distortion caused by the resonance of sexta‐diurnal tides in a micromesotidal embayment
Authors: Song Dehai , Yan Yuhan , Wu Wen , Diao Xiliang , Ding Yang , Bao Xianwen
Published: September 2016

Double high water and double‐peak flood current were observed in Daya Bay (DYB), China, which is a shallow, mixed, mainly semidiurnal‐tide dominated bay with a micro to mesotidal range. Harmonic analysis reveals that the quarter and especially the sexta‐diurnal constituents are getting much stronger as tides propagating into the bay. The astronomical tides‐induced tidal asymmetry is yet dominant at the bay entrance but overtaken by the sexta‐diurnal tides at the end of the bay. Both the M4 and M6 tide meet the requirement proposed in previous studies but still unable to produce a double high water alone. Therefore, the conditions to produce a double high water between a fundamental tide and its higher harmonics need to be revisited. Analytical solutions were obtained in this paper, which fit the numerical solutions very well. Modeling result indicates M6 alone with M2 can produce the double high water in DYB but limited in some regions, while the combination of M2, M4, and M6 tides would enhance the capability. The amplification of sexta‐diurnal tides in DYB is dominated by resonance and followed by shoaling effect. Bottom friction damped M6 a lot and largely confined its amplification. However, the quadratic friction and other nonlinear processes are just responsible for about 10% of the total M6 increase.
Candidatus
Nitrosopumilaceae
Authors: Qin Wei , Martens‐Habbena Willm , Kobelt Julia N. , Stahl David A.
Published: September 2016

Ni.tro.pu.mi.la.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Ca
. Nitrosopumilus type genus of the family;
‐aceae
ending to denote family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Ca
. Nitrosopumilaceae the
Ca
. Nitrosopumilus family.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria / Candidatus Nitrosopumilales / Candidatus Nitrosopumilaceae

Cells are rod shaped and motile or nonmotile, reproduce by binary fission. They are free living or symbiotic. Neutrophilic and mesophilic. Chemolithoautotrophic growth by aerobic ammonia oxidation and CO
2
fixation, although some organic material may be needed to support growth. Some species are urease positive and able to use urea as ammonia source. Membrane contains glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, with crenarchaeol as the dominant GDGT. Cell membrane is enclosed by a regularly arrayed single S‐layer. Cells occupy a wide range of habitats, including marine, freshwater, wastewater, and soil. The
candidatus
family Nitrosopumilaceae forms a highly supported monophyletic clade within the order Nitrosopumilales on the basis of 16S rRNA and putative
amoA
(encoding the α‐subunit of ammonia monooxygenase) sequences analyses. Besides phylogenetic differentiation, this family differs from the
candidatus
family Nitrosotenuaceae by their inability to grow under moderately thermophilic condition. Four
candidatus
genera are described: Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosoarchaeum, Cenarchaeum, and Nitrosopelagicus.

DNA G+C content (mol%): 32.4–57.7
.
Miniimonas
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P.
Published: September 2016

Mi.ni.i.mo'nas. L. adj.
minius
cinnabar‐red, vermilion; L. fem. n.
monas
a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Miniimonas
vermilion monad, referring to the cell mass color.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Beutenbergiaceae / Miniimonas

Cells are irregular rods
(0.6 × 3.1 µm)
and cocci
(1.0–1.7 µm). Gram‐stain‐positive, not acid‐fast.
Endospores are not formed
.
Nonmotile
.
Facultatively anaerobic
. Good growth on complex organic media at 28–30°C. NaCl in the culture medium may be tolerated up to 5%.
Oxidase‐negative
,
catalase‐positive
. The
peptidoglycan type is A4
β based on
l
‐ornithine. The
acyl type is acetyl
. Whole cell sugars are
glucose
,
xylose
,
and ribose
. The predominant menaquinone is
MK‐8
(

H
4

). The polar lipids consist of
phosphatidylglycerol
,
diphosphatidylglycerol
, phosphatidylinositol,
and one unknown phospholipid
.
The cellular fatty acid profile
is dominated by the occurrence of
iso‐ and anteiso‐branched‐chain acids
. Mycolic acids are absent. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, the genus is placed into the monophyletic cluster of the family
Beutenbergiaceae
related to the other genera of the family with 96.3–97.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to respective species.
Candidatus
Nitrosopumilus
Authors: Qin Wei , Martens‐Habbena Willm , Kobelt Julia N. , Stahl David A.
Published: September 2016

Ni.tro.so.pu'mi.lus. N.L. adj.
nitrosus
nitrous; L. masc. adj.
pumilus
dwarf; N.L. masc. n.
ca. Nitrosopumilus
a dwarf nitrite‐producer.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria / Candidatus Nitrosopumilales / Candidatus Nitrosopumilaceae / Candidatus Nitrosopumilus

Mesophilic, neutrophilic, autotrophic, and aerobic ammonia‐oxidizing archaea; some species are able to use urea as a source of energy for growth. Slender rods, 0.15–0.27 µm in diameter and 0.49–2.00 µm in length; some species are motile and possess polar to subpolar flagella. Cells are commonly found in marine and brackish environments and have an obligate salt requirement. Cells are sensitive to light. The cell envelope is composed of a monolayer cell membrane, consisting of crenarchaeol as the major glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipid, and a single S‐layer in a hexagonally ordered pattern as the outermost boundary. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA and
amoA
(encoding the α‐subunit of ammonia monooxygenase) reveal that species of the genus
Ca
. Nitropumilus comprise a monophyletic group within the family
Ca
. Nitropumilaceae. The G + C content of the DNA is 33.4–34.2 mol%, which is lower than those of soil and hot spring
Thaumarchaeota
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 33.4–34.2.

Type species
:

Candidatus
Nitrosopumilus maritimus

Könneke, Bernhard, de la Torre, Walker, Waterbury, and Stahl 2005, 545.
Fervidicoccus
Authors: Perevalova Anna A. , Lebedinsky Alexander V. , Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A.
Published: September 2016

Fer.vi.do.coc'cus L. adj.
fervidus
hot; L. masc. n.
coccus
a berry and, in biology, a coccoid cell; N.L. masc. n.
Fervidicoccus
coccus that grows at high temperatures.

Crenarchaeota / Thermoprotei / Fervidicoccales / Fervidicoccaceae / Fervidicoccus

Members of the genus
Fervidicoccus
are extremely thermophilic, obligately anaerobic, and organotrophic microorganisms of the phylum
Crenarchaeota
. 16S rRNA genes of closely related microorganisms were found in environmental DNA samples from terrestrial hot springs of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands (Russia), Iceland, Yellowstone National Park (USA), and New Zealand with temperatures of 55–84°C, where they can make up a significant fraction of the microbial community. At present, the only cultivated representative of the
Fervidicoccus
genus is
Fervidicoccus fontis,
isolated from the Treshchinnyi hot spring of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka. It is an anaerobic organotroph growing optimally on peptides in the presence of 20–50 mg/l yeast extract at 65–70°C and pH 6.0. Elemental sulfur, if present, is reduced to H
2
S; however, it is not obligately required for growth. H
2
partially inhibits the growth of
Fervidicoccus fontis
. Thus, phenotypically
Fervidicoccus fontis
resembles other anaerobic organotrophic archaea of the phyla
Crenarchaeota
and
Euryarchaeota
, such as desulfurococci and thermococci, but differs from them by its lower growth temperature. Complete genome analysis of
Fervidicoccus fontis
confirmed a distinct phylogenetic position of this group.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 37.5 (genome).

Type species
:
Fervidicoccus fontis
Perevalova, Bidzhieva, Kublanov, Hinrichs, Liu, Kolganova, Lebedinsky and Bonch‐Osmolovskaya 2010, 2086.
Acidiplasma
Authors: Golyshina Olga V. , Lünsdorf Heinrich , Golyshin Peter N.
Published: September 2016

A.ci.di.pla'.sma. N.L. neut. n.
acidum
an acid; Gr. neut. n.
plasma
shaped or moulded; N.L. neut. n.
Acidiplasma
an acid‐living moulded form.

Euryarchaeota / Thermoplasmata / Thermoplasmatales / Ferroplasmaceae / Acidiplasma

Acidiplasma
(Golyshina et al. 2009, 2821
VP
) is one of the two described genera within the family
Ferroplasmaceae
, the order
Thermoplasmatales. Acidiplasma
comprises two species with validly published names:
Acidiplasma aeolicum
and
Acidiplasma cupricumulans
firstly described as
Ferroplasma cupricumulans
. Cells of the genus
Acidiplasma
are generally pleomorphic, from coccoid‐ to rod‐like forms with widths from 0.2 to 0.5 µm and lengths from 0.5 to 3 µm. Nonmotile. Cell wall deficient. Acidophilic and moderately thermophilic. Able to oxidize and reduce iron. Facultatively anaerobic. Principal respiratory quinones are naphtoquinone derivatives. Main membrane lipids are dibiphytanyl‐based tetraethers containing pentacyclic rings. Main sugar component in dibiphytanyl phosphoglycerol lipids is β‐galactose. Inhabit sulfides‐containing ore deposits and volcanic environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 34–36.

Type species
:
Acidiplasma aeolicum
Golyshina, Yakimov, Lünsdorf, Ferrer, Nimtz, Timmis, Wray, Tindall and Golyshin 2009, 2822
VP
.
Ferroplasma
Authors: Golyshina Olga V. , Lünsdorf Heinrich , Golyshin Peter N.
Published: September 2016

Fer.ro.plas'ma. L. neut. n.
ferrum
iron; N.L. prefix
ferro
pertaining to ferrous iron; Gr. neut. n.
plasma
something shaped or molded; N.L. neut. n.
Ferroplasma
a ferrous‐iron‐oxidizing form.

Euryarchaeota / Thermoplasmata / Thermoplasmatales / Ferroplasmaceae / Ferroplasma

Ferroplasma
(Golyshina et al. 2000, 1004
VP
) is one of two genera within the family
Ferroplasmaceae
, the order
Thermoplasmatales
.
Ferroplasma
is a monospecific genus with one species with a validly published name,
Ferroplasma acidiphilum
. Morphologically, cells are irregular, spherical cocci, filamentous, or pleomorphic forms with lengths from 1 to 3 µm and widths ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 µm. Cells are nonmotile. No cell wall, only the cytoplasmic membrane is present. Acidophilic, mesophilic, and aerobic to facultatively anaerobic. Iron‐oxidizing chemolitho‐ or chemoorganotrophs that assimilate both CO
2
and organic carbon sources. Total lipids are mainly represented by glycophospholipids with β‐
d
‐glucopyranosyl caldarchaetidylglycerol. Populate ore deposits, mines, and acid mine drainage waters across the globe.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36–37 (HPLC). Inhabiting sulfide‐containing environments.

Type species
:
Ferroplasma acidiphilum
Golyshina, Pivovarova, Karavaiko, Kondratéva, Moore, Abraham, Lünsdorf, Timmis, Yakimov and Golyshin 2000, 1005
VP
.
Fervidicoccales
Authors: Perevalova Anna A. , Lebedinsky Alexander V. , Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A.
Published: September 2016

Fer.vi.di.coc.ca'les. N.L. masc. n.
Fervidicoccus
the type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Fervidicoccales
the order of the genus
Fervidicoccus
.

Crenarchaeota / Thermoprotei / Fervidicoccales

Archaea of the order
Fervidicoccales
are extremely thermophilic, obligately anaerobic, organotrophic microorganisms of the phylum
Crenarchaeota
. Their 16S rRNA genes have been found in terrestrial hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, Iceland, New Zealand, Kamchatka and Kuril Islands (Russia) with temperatures of 55–84°C and neutral or slightly acidic pHs.
Fervidicoccus fontis
is so far the only cultured representative of the order
Fervidicoccales
. The analysis of phylogenetic markers and the distribution of best blastp hits of
F. fontis
proteins in the available genomes of
Crenarchaeota
support distinct phylogenetic position of the order
Fervidicoccales
as a separate lineage adjoining the heterogeneous order
Desulfurococcales
. In addition, certain
F. fontis
genomic features correlate with its adaptation to temperatures of 60–80°C, which are lower than temperatures preferred by
Desulfurococcales
.

Type genus
:
Fervidicoccus
Perevalova, Bidzhieva, Kublanov, Hinrichs, Liu, Kolganova, Lebedinsky and Bonch‐Osmolovskaya 2010, 2086.

The description is as for the family
Fervidicoccaceae
.
A fractal model for real gas transport in porous shale
Authors: Geng Lidong , Li Gensheng , Tian Shouceng , Sheng Mao , Ren Wenxi , Zitha Pacelli
Published: September 2016

A model for real gas flow in shale gas matrices is proposed and consists of two main steps: (a) developing a microscopic (single pore) model for a real gas flow by generalizing our previously reported Extended Navier‐Stokes Equations (ENSE) method and (b) by using fractal theory concepts, up‐scaling the single pore model to the macroscopic scale. A prominent feature of the up‐scaled model is a predictor for the apparent permeability (AP). Both models are successfully validated with experimental data. The impact of the deviation of the gas behavior from ideality (real gas effect) on the gas transport mechanisms is investigated. The effect of the structural parameters (porosity Ф, the maximum pore diameter Dmax, and the minimum pore diameter Dmin) of the shale matrix on the apparent permeability is studied and a sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the significance of the parameters for gas transport. We find that (1) the real gas transport models for a single pore and porous shale matrix are both reliable and reasonable; (2) the real gas effect affects the thermodynamic parameters of the free gas and the adsorption and transport capacity of the adsorbed gas; (3) the real gas effect decreases the effective permeability for convective flow and surface diffusion; i.e., the derivation degree of the effective permeability for bulk diffusion and Knudsen diffusion increases with increasing pressure but presents a bathtub shape when the pore diameter is smaller than 10 nm; and (4) the apparent permeability increases with Ф, Dmax, and Dmin. It is more sensitive to Dmax, followed by the porosity. Dmin has a minor impact. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1430–1440, 2017
Continuous fractionation of multicomponent mixtures with sequential centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Goll Johannes , Minceva Mirjana
Published: September 2016

The applicability of sequential centrifugal partition chromatography for continuous fractionation of multicomponent mixtures, represented here by a mixture of four parabens with very similar molecular structure, was studied. The fractionation of the quaternary feed mixture was regarded as a separation of a pseudo‐binary mixture. The model‐based approach was used to select the biphasic liquid system and the unit operating parameters. All desired fractions were recovered with purities >99%. The influence of the solute concentration on the density, viscosity and volume ratio of the phases as well as on the partitioning of the solutes between the two phases was investigated. According to these results, possibilities for increasing the throughput were proposed and validated experimentally. For example, butyl paraben with a purity ≥99% was continuously separated from the rest of the parabens in a 250 mL unit with a throughput of 3.24 g h−1 and a solvent consumption of 0.33 L g−1. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1659–1673, 2017
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Unolt Marta , DiCairano Lauren , Schlechtweg Kathryn , Barry Jessica , Howell Lori , Kasperski Stefanie , Nance Michael , Adzick N. Scott , Zackai Elaine H. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M.
Published: September 2016

We report the important association of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The prevalence of CDH in our cohort of patients with 22q11.2DS is 0.8% (10/1246), which is greater than in the general population (0.025%). This observation suggests that 22q11.2DS should be considered when a child or fetus presents with CDH, in particular when other clinical findings associated with the 22q11.2DS are present, such as congenital cardiac defects. Furthermore, this finding may lead to the identification of an additional locus for diaphragmatic hernia in the general population. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SDHA mutation with dominant transmission results in complex II deficiency with ocular, cardiac, and neurologic involvement
Authors: Courage Carolina , Jackson Christopher B. , Hahn Dagmar , Euro Liliya , Nuoffer Jean‐Marc , Gallati Sabina , Schaller André
Published: September 2016

Isolated defects of the mitochondrial respiratory complex II (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH) are rare, accounting for approximately 2% of all respiratory chain deficiency diagnoses. Here, we report clinical and molecular investigations of three family members with a heterozygous mutation in the large flavoprotein subunit SDHA previously described to cause complex II deficiency. The index patient presented with bilateral optic atrophy and ocular movement disorder, a progressive polyneuropathy, psychiatric involvement, and cardiomyopathy. Two of his children presented with cardiomyopathy and methylglutaconic aciduria in early childhood. The daughter deceased at the age of 7 months due to cardiac insufficiency. The 30‐year old son presents with cardiomyopathy and developed bilateral optic atrophy in adulthood. Of the four nuclear encoded proteins composing complex II (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) and currently known assembly factors SDHAF1 and SDHAF2 mainly recessively inherited mutations have been described in SDHA, SDHB, SDHD, and SDHAF1 to be causative for mitochondrial disease phenotypes. This is the second report presenting autosomal dominant inheritance of a SDHA mutation.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthetic, Crystallographic, and Computational Studies of Extensively Hydrogen Bonded Bilayers in Thermally Stable Adamantane Hydroperoxides
Authors: Sharma Chiranjeev , Joy Jyothish , Nethaji Munirathinam , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Awasthi Satish Kumar
Published: September 2016

The use of molecular iodine as a heterogeneous catalyst for the peroxidation of adamantan‐2‐one with 30 % H2O2 resulted in an unexpected hydroperoxydiadamantyl peroxide and oxahomoadamantan‐5‐one, in addition to the expected adamantanyl bishydroperoxide. The crystal structures of both the hydroperoxides are reported for the first time. Crystallographic studies revealed that these peroxides are stabilized by extensive intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which are combined in hydrogen‐bonded double layers. These bilayers envelop the hydrophilic interiors consisting of sensitive peroxy groups with the outer surface covered by hydrophobic adamantane groups. The bilayers are held together by weak van der Waals interactions at the layer boundary, which further enhances the thermal stability. Thermal studies demonstrate the remarkable stability of crystalline hydroperoxides at room temperature. A computational study rationalizes the stability of these peroxides. NCI (non‐covalent interactions) plots help to decipher the nature of the interaction between the adamantane units as stabilizing dispersion contacts. QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) topological analysis also indicates the presence of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds along with a number of weak dihydrogen contacts.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2G redefined by a novel mutation in LRSAM1
Authors: Peeters Kristien , Palaima Paulius , Pelayo‐Negro Ana L. , García Antonio , Gallardo Elena , García‐Barredo Rosario , Mateiu Ligia , Baets Jonathan , Menten Björn , De Vriendt Els , De Jonghe Peter , Timmerman Vincent , Infante Jon , Berciano José , Jordanova Albena
Published: September 2016

Objective

To identify the unknown genetic cause in a large pedigree previously classified with a distinct form of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2G (CMT2G) and to explore its transcriptional consequences.

Methods

Clinical reevaluation of the pedigree was performed, followed by linkage analysis with the redefined disease statuses, and whole genome and exome sequencing. The impact of the mutation was investigated by immunoblotting and transcriptome sequencing.

Results

Thirteen affected individuals over 3 generations displayed mild and quiescent lower‐limb axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lower‐limb musculature systematically showed fatty atrophy in clinical and subclinical mutation carriers. We redefined the disease‐linked region to chr9q31.3‐q34.2 and subsequently identified a novel missense variant in the E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase LRSAM1 (p.Cys694Tyr). Unlike previous reports, we demonstrated in patients’ lymphoblasts that the mutation does not influence overall protein levels of LRSAM1, nor of its ubiquitylation target TSG101. The mutation is associated with several transcriptional changes, including a significant upregulation of another E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase, NEDD4L, and of TNFRSF21, a key regulator of axonal degeneration.

Interpretation

Our findings demonstrate that the isolated genetic entity CMT2G is caused by a missense mutation in LRSAM1 and should be reclassified as CMT2P. MRI of lower‐limb musculature can be used to detect minimal signs of the disease. Transcriptome analysis of patients’ cells highlights novel molecular players associated with LRSAM1 dysfunction, and reveals pathways and therapeutic targets shared with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 2016;80:823–833
Asteroseismology of red giants: From analysing light curves to estimating ages
Authors: Davies G. R. , Miglio A.
Published: September 2016

Asteroseismology has started to provide constraints on stellar properties that will be essential to accurately reconstruct the history of the Milky Way. Here we look at the information content in data sets representing current and future space missions (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, TESS, and PLATO) for red giant stars. We describe techniques for extracting the information in the frequency power spectrum and apply these techniques to Kepler data sets of different observing length to represent the different space missions. We demonstrate that for KIC 12008916, a low‐luminosity red giant branch star, we can extract useful information from all data sets, and for all but the shortest data set we obtain good constraint on the g‐mode period spacing and core rotation rates. We discuss how the high precision in these parameters will constrain the stellar properties of stellar radius, distance, mass and age. We show that high precision can be achieved in mass and hence age when values of the g‐mode period spacing are available. We caution that tests to establish the accuracy of asteroseismic masses and ages are still “work in progress”.
Cumulative theoretical uncertainties in lithium depletion boundary age
Authors: Tognelli E. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl'Innocenti S.
Published: September 2016

We performed a detailed analysis of the main theoretical uncertainties affecting the age at the lithium depletion boundary (LDB). We computed almost 12 000 pre‐main sequence models with mass in the range [0.06, 0.4] M⊙ by varying input physics (nuclear reaction cross sections, outer boundary conditions, equation of state, and radiative opacity), initial chemical abundances (total metallicity, helium and deuterium abundances, and heavy element mixture), and convection efficiency (mixing length parameter, αML). As a first step, we investigated the effect of varying all these quantities individually within their extreme values. Then, we analysed the impact of simultaneously perturbing the main input physics/chemical abundances/parameters that affect the LDB age, without making any a priori assumption of independence among each other. Such an approach allowed us to build the cumulative error stripe which defines the edges of the maximum uncertainty region in the theoretical LDB age. The error stripe ranges from about 5–15 % for αML = 1.00, and it slightly reduces to about 5–10 % for a solar calibrated αML. About 40 % of the total error stripe is due to the uncertainty in the adopted initial chemical composition.
Impact of rotation on stellar models
Authors: Meynet G. , Maeder A. , Eggenberger P. , Ekstrom S. , Georgy C. , Chiappini C. , Privitera G. , Choplin A.
Published: September 2016

After a brief recall of the main impacts of stellar rotation on the structure and the evolution of stars, four topics are addressed: 1) the links between magnetic fields and rotation; 2) the impact of rotation on the age determination of clusters; 3) the exchanges of angular momentum between the orbit of a planet and the star due to tides; 4) the impact of rotation on the early chemical evolution of the Milky Way and the origin of the carbon‐enhanced metal‐poor stars.
GALAH Survey: Chemical tagging and disk reconstruction
Authors: Bland‐Hawthorn J. , Sharma S.
Published: September 2016

The GALAH survey is now in its second year of a five‐year campaign to observe roughly one million stars in the southern hemisphere down to a limiting magnitude of V = 14. The project exploits the HERMES 400‐fibre échelle spectrograph at the Anglo‐Australian Telescope to measure up to 30 elemental abundances and radial velocities (≈1 km s–1 accuracy) for each star at a resolution of R = 28000. These elements fall into 8 independent groups (e.g. α, Fe peak, s‐process). For all GALAH stars, Gaia will provide distances to 1 % and transverse velocities to 1 km s–1 or better, giving us a 14D set of parameters for each star, i.e. 6D phase space and 8D abundance space. A few percent of GALAH stars will also have Kepler K2 seismological data. Here we focus on the prospect of chemically tagging the old stellar disk and making a direct measurement of how stellar migration evolves with cosmic time.
Chemodynamics of the Milky Way and disc formation history: Insight from the RAVE and Gaia‐ESO surveys
Authors: Kordopatis G. , Wyse R. F. G. , Binney J.
Published: September 2016

Multi‐object spectrographs have opened a new window on the analyses of the chemo‐dynamical properties of old Milky Way stars. These analyses allow us to trace back the internal mechanisms and the external factors that have influenced the evolution of our Galaxy, and therefore understand fundamental aspects of galaxy evolution in general. Here, we present recent results from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and the Gaia‐ESO survey. These surveys explore the Milky Way properties in different ways, in terms of sample size and selection, magnitude range, and spectral resolution. We focus here on (i) the first direct detection of evidence for radial migration within the thin disc, providing insight into the history of spiral structure of the Milky Way, and (ii) the chemo‐dynamical characterisation of the metal‐weak thick and thin discs, for which chemo‐dynamical models still have difficulties in reproducing.
Galactic Archaeology with CoRoT and APOGEE: Creating mock observations from a chemodynamical model
Authors: Anders F. , Chiappini C. , Rodrigues T. S. , Piffl T. , Mosser B. , Miglio A. , Montalbán J. , Girardi L. , Minchev I. , Valentini M. , Steinmetz M.
Published: September 2016

In a companion paper, we have presented the combined asteroseismic‐spectroscopic dataset obtained from CoRoT light curves and APOGEE infra‐red spectra for 606 solar‐like oscillating red giants in two fields of the Galactic disc (CoRoGEE). We have measured chemical abundance patterns, distances, and ages of these field stars which are spread over a large radial range of the Milky Way's disc. Here we show how to simulate this dataset using a chemodynamical Galaxy model. We also demonstrate how the observation procedure influences the accuracy of our estimated ages.
Chemodynamical modelling of the Milky Way
Authors: Binney J. , Sanders J. L.
Published: September 2016

Chemodynamical models of our Galaxy that have analytic Extended Distribution Functions (EDFs) are likely to play a key role in extracting science from surveys in the era of Gaia.
Milky Way's thick and thin disk: Is there a distinct thick disk?
Authors: Kawata D. , Chiappini C.
Published: September 2016

This article is based on our discussion session on Milky Way models at the 592 WE‐Heraeus Seminar, Reconstructing the Milky Way's History: Spectroscopic Surveys, Asteroseismology and Chemodynamical Models. The discussion focused on the following question: “Are there distinct thick and thin disks?”. The answer to this question depends on the definition one adopts for thin and thick disks. The participants of this discussion converged to the idea that there are at least two different types of disks in the Milky Way. However, there are still important open questions on how to best define these two types of disks (chemically, kinematically, geometrically or by age?). The question of what is the origin of the distinct disks remains open. The future Galactic surveys which are highlighted in this conference should help us answering these questions. The almost one‐hour debate involving researchers in the field representing different modelling approaches (Galactic models such as TRILEGAL, Besançon and Galaxia, chemical evolution models, extended distribution functions method, chemodynamics in the cosmological context, and self‐consistent cosmological simulations) illustrated how important is to have all these parallel approaches. All approaches have their advantages and shortcomings (also discussed), and different approaches are useful to address specific points that might help us answering the more general question above.
Asteroseismology's new constraints on stellar models and Galactic Archaeology: Where are we now and where are we going?
Authors: Noels A. , Montalbán J. , Chiappini C.
Published: September 2016

After a short introduction describing the whys and wherefores of the recent and growing interaction between Milky Way physicists, stellar evolution physicists, chemical abundances physicists, and asteroseismologists, which forms the ground of this workshop, we address some important points affecting the levels of accuracy on global stellar parameters, such as mass, radius, and age, which were raised during the final discussion of the workshop. We recall how asteroseismic parameters, especially when coupled with spectroscopy and photometry, greatly help to reduce uncertainties. We show how poorly known physical aspects, such as diffusion, rotation, and outer physical conditions, must however be kept in mind when assessing these uncertainties. We then summarise the huge advance in terms of spectroscopic follow‐up of seismic targets that took place in the last couple of years opening the doors for the first results in Galactic Archaeology making use of seismic distances, masses, radii, and ages. We conclude by presenting two tables: (1) an update of the table of uncertainties built at the Sesto workshop in 2013, and (2) a similar table with what should be reached for Galactic Archaeology purposes.
Preserving enzymatic activity and enhancing biochemical stability of glutathione transferase by soluble additives under free and tethered conditions
Authors: Karamitros Christos S. , Labrou Nikolaos E.
Published: September 2016

In the present study, we report the effect of four different soluble additives (sucrose, lactitol, superfloc c577, and dextran sulfate) on the stability of glutathione transferase 1 enzyme from Zea mays (ZmGSTF1‐1) under free and tethered conditions at 4 and 25 °C. Among all additives, the best stabilizing effects were observed in the case of superfloc c577 and sucrose at both tested temperatures, yet at distinct concentrations at each condition. Those two stabilizing agents were further combined and potential positive synergistic effects were investigated. In addition, we assessed the long‐term storage and operational stability of ZmGSTF1‐1 under tethered conditions in the presence of additives, which provided the most conducive effects on its stability under free conditions. Our results strongly suggest that the presence of additives may be beneficial to the stability of the enzyme under both free and tethered conditions. Thermodynamic analysis of the free enzyme in the presence of sucrose, which exhibited the best stabilizing effect at both temperatures, shed light on the possible mechanism of action. Given the considerable importance of the development of GST‐based biosensors with prolonged stability, the present work may be of general interest to researchers in the field of applied enzymology.
Improved heterologous production of the nonribosomal peptide‐polyketide siderophore yersiniabactin through metabolic engineering and induction optimization
Authors: Ahmadi Mahmoud Kamal , Pfeifer Blaine A.
Published: September 2016

Biosynthesis of complex natural products like polyketides and nonribosomal peptides using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host provides an opportunity to access these molecules. The value in doing so stems from the fact that many compounds hold some therapeutic or other beneficial property and their original production hosts are intractable for a variety of reasons. In this work, metabolic engineering and induction variable optimization were used to increase production of the polyketide‐nonribosomal peptide compound yersiniabactin, a siderophore that has been utilized to selectively remove metals from various solid and aqueous samples. Specifically, several precursor substrate support pathways were altered through gene expression and exogenous supplementation in order to boost production of the final compound. The gene expression induction process was also analyzed to identify the temperatures and inducer concentrations resulting in highest final production levels. When combined, yersiniabactin production was extended to ∼175 mg L−1. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1412–1417, 2016
Efficiency and safety of bivalirudin in patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention via radial access: A subgroup analysis from the bivalirudin in acute myocardial infarction versus heparin and GPI plus heparin trial
Authors: Wang Heyang , Li Yi , Cong Hongliang , Ding Shifang , Liu Bin , Li Lu , Chen Yundai , Jia Shaobin , Jing Quanmin , Zhao Xin , Liu Haiwei , Liang Zhenyang , Li Jing , Bao Dan , Han Yaling
Published: September 2016

Objectives: To explore the efficiency and safety of bivalirudin in patients undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention via radial access.

Background: Bivalirudin reduces bleeding risks over heparin in patients undergoing PCI. However, bleeding advantages of bivalirudin in patients undergoing transradial intervention is uncertain.

Methods: In the BRIGHT trial, 1,723 patients underwent emergency PCI via radial access, with 576 patients in the bivalirudin arm, 576 in the heparin arm and 571 in the heparin plus tirofiban arm. The primary outcome was 30‐day net adverse clinical event (NACE), defined as a composite of major cardiac and cerebral events or any bleeding.

Results: 30‐day NACE occurred in 5.7% with bivalirudin, 7.8% with heparin alone (vs. bivalirudin, P = 0.159), and 10.3% with heparin plus tifofiban (vs. bivalirudin, P = 0.004). The 30‐day bleeding rate was 0.9% for bivalirudin, 2.3% for heparin (vs. bivalirudin, P = 0.057), and 5.8% for heparin plus tirofiban (vs. bivalirudin, P < 0.001). Major cardiac and cerebral events (4.9 vs. 5.7 vs. 4.6%, P = 0.899), stent thrombosis (0.5 vs. 0.5 vs. 0.7%, P = 0.899) and acquired thrombocytopenia (0.2 vs. 0.5 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.257) at 30 days were similar among three arms. The interaction test for PCI access and randomized treatment showed no significance on all bleeding (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: The bleeding benefit of bivalirudin was independent of artery access. Bivalirudin lead to statistical reduction on bleeding risks in comparison to heparin plus tirofiban, and only small numerical difference in comparison to heparin, with comparable risks of ischemic events and stent thrombosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing emergency transradial PCI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: YCa3(CrO)3(BO3)4: A Cr3+ Kagome Lattice Compound Showing No Magnetic Order Down to 2 K.
Authors: Wang Chun‐Hai , Avdeev Maxim , Kennedy Brendan J. , Kuepers Michael , Ling Chris D.
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline gaudefroyite‐type YCa3(CrO)3(BO3)4 with Cr3+ ions (3d3, S = 3/2) forming an undistorted Kagome lattice is prepared by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Y2O3, CaCO3, Cr2O3, H3BO3 in a KCl flux (Al2O3 crucible, 1000 °C, 1 d) followed by re‐grinding and further annealing (1000 °C, 2 d, 95% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism in Zintl Phases ACd4Pn3: Modulated Structures of NaCd4Pn3 with Pn: P, As.
Authors: Grotz Carolin , Baumgartner Maximilian , Freitag Katharina M. , Baumer Franziska , Nilges Tom
Published: September 2016

Single crystals of NaCd4P3 and NaCd4As3 are prepared by short‐way transport from stoichiometric amounts of the elements using CdI2 as mineralizer (evacuated silica tubes, 973 K, 4—7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: An Exhaustive Symmetry Approach to Structure Determination: Phase Transitions in Bi2Sn2O7.
Authors: Lewis James W. , Payne Julia L. , Evans Ivana Radosavljevic , Stokes Harold T. , Campbell Branton J. , Evans John S. O.
Published: September 2016

An automated and exhaustive symmetry‐mode method is presented for systematically exploring and solving symmetry‐lowering structural phase transitions that is widely applicable to a range of functional materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Calcium Nitrides at Ambient and High Pressures.
Authors: Zhu Shuangshuang , Peng Feng , Liu Hanyu , Majumdar Arnab , Gao Tao , Yao Yansun
Published: September 2016

In view of N bonding and its applications in energy storage, new possible structures in addition to the known crystalline forms CaN2, Ca2N, and Ca3N2 are identified via a swarm intelligence structure search in theoretical exploration of the CaNx phase diagram.