bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTROL MODEL OF THE NATURAL GAS PURIFICATION PROCESS
Authors: İjabika Sardarova, Sarkhan Gojayev İjabika Sardarova, Sarkhan Gojayev , Rashid Aliyev Rashid Aliyev
Published: December 2024

The equipment used in the processes of cleaning and drying natural gas for transportation and consumption and the methods applied for drying gas were comparatively analyzed, it was noted that the absorption method is more widespread among these methods due to its simplicity and efficiency, it was shown that drying gas should be carried out immediately after its cleaning from mechanical and other impurities so that during the transportation and use of gas, there are no blockages in pipelines, malfunctions in measuring devices and other gas equipment. Drying gas prevents the formation of hydrates in pipes due to condensation during transportation and increases the heat-generating capacity of gas by burning it well. The characteristics of the liquid absorbent used to dry gas in the absorption process - the absorbent, being regenerated and returned to the gas drying process were investigated, and the parameters and quality indicators affecting the technological process were determined for optimal control of the gas drying technological process at normal temperature and pressure for that process, as well as the output parameters of the gas drying unit. It was noted that although the pneumatic control system is considered morally obsolete, some elements and devices of this system, in particular, pneumatic actuators, are distinguished by their reliability in mining and field conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to use them in modern control systems with controllers. For this purpose, the structure of the general control system of the process, the information model of the control object was built, the input and output parameters, the limiting conditions for reflecting the exciting and controlling effects in the structure of the mathematical model were determined, and the limit ranges containing the minimum and maximum values of each parameter were determined. The control problem can also be formulated and solved as a problem of stabilizing productivity or another parameter. An optimal control model of the gas drying process was built, and the optimization criterion was selected. In the problem of optimizing the technological process of gas drying, the maximum productivity of the plant was adopted as the main criterion, and the humidity of the gas was adopted as the limiting condition. Several recommendations are given for solving this problem.
Keywords: gas drying, absorbent, control system, optimal control, model.
İNFORMASİYA TƏHLÜKƏSİZLİYİNDƏ BİOMETRİK TEXNOLOGİYALAR
Authors: Aytən Əliyeva, Elgün Zamanov Aytən Əliyeva, Elgün Zamanov
Published: December 2024

İnformasiya texnologiyalarının inkişafı ilə informasiya sistemlərinə hücum üsulları da inkişaf edir. Parollar və PIN-kodlar kimi ənənəvi autentifikasiya üsulları haker hücumlarına getdikcə daha çox məruz qalır. Digər tərəfdən parol və PİN-kod istifadəçiləri həmin parol və kodları yadda saxlamalı, haradasa qeyd etməli və parol yaxud kod yazılmış informasiya daşıyıcısını haradasa gizlətməlidir. Məqalədə biometrik texnologiyaların mahiyyəti, gerçəkləşdirilməsi üsulları, dəqiqlik və etibarlığı, çatışmazlıq və üstünlükləri təhlil edilir, bu texnologiyaların informasiya təhlükəsizliyində istifadə edilməsinin əsas prinsipləri, eləcə də bu yanaşmanın müsbət və mənfi cəhətləri araşdırılmışdır. Göstərilmişdir ki, hazırda insanın biometrik əlamətləri, xüsusilə, sifət cizgiləri, başının quruluşu, göz bəbəyi və gözün torlu qişası, əlin quruluşu, barmaq izləri, biləkdə vena damarlarının quruluşu, insanın hərəkət və davranışını xarakterizə edən amillər, insanın səsi, yerişi, yazı xətti və s. kimi əlamətlər üzərində müxtəlif biometrik identifikasiya qurğuları və sistemləri yaratmaq mümkündür. Belə qurğu və sistemlərin tətbiq sahəsinə gəldikdə isə bu texnologiyalar əsasən maliyyə və bank sektorunda, dövlətin güc strukturlarının informasiya mərkəzlərində, sənayenin aparıcı və qabaqcıl sahələrində informasiyanın məxfi saxlanmasının və sənaye layihələri casuslarından qorunmasının təmin edilməsində uğurla tətbiq oluna bilər və tətbiq olunur. Biometrik informasiya itirildikdə və ya ələ keçdikdə onu, parol və PİN-kodlardan fərqli olaraq, təcili dəyişmək və ya əvəz etmək mümkün deyildir. Buna görə də həmin məlumatların məxfiliyi daha da yüksək olmalı, başqa şəxs və ya təşkilatların əlinə keçməsinin qarşısı vaxtında alınmalıdır. Müəyyən olunmuşdur ki, informasiya təhlükəsizliyinin qorunmasının biometrik üsullarının bir hissəsinin zəifliyi aparat təminatında, digərlərinin zəifliyi proqram təminatında, başqa birisinin zəifliyi isə həm aparat, həm də proqram təminatında özünü büruzə verə bilər.
Açar sözlər: informasiya təhlükəsizliyi, autentifikasiya, biometrik texnologiya, identifikasiya
INVESTIGATION OF DEFECTS IN METALLIC AND PLASTIC THREADED CONNECTIONS OF OILFIELD EQUIPMENT
Authors: Ilman Hasanov, Murad Ismayilov Ilman Hasanov, Murad Ismayilov
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the quality of parts made of metallic and plastic materials used in oil equipment. The precision and strength of details made of plastic materials in oil equipment have been studied. Operational qualities and indicators have been investigated. The manufacturing technologies of metallic and plastic parts were studied, pressure casting and pressing methods were applied, and ways of eliminating the defects that appeared in them were considered.
Keywords: threaded joints, corrosion, equipment, polymer, lubricant, vibration.
ABŞERON-BALAXANYANI ANTİKLİNAL ZONA YATAQLARININ NEFTLİ-QAZLILIĞININ SİSTEMLİ TƏHLİLİ ƏSASINDA QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ
Authors: Tamella Zahidova, Firdus Allahverdiyeva Tamella Zahidova, Firdus Allahverdiyeva
Published: December 2024

Təqdim olunan məqalədə Abşeron yarımadasının ərazisinin əsasını təşkil edən Abşeron periklinal çökəkliyindən bəhs edilir. Bu çökəklik şimal zonadan Şimali Abşeron qırılması ilə sərhədlənib. Həmçinin çökəkliyin cənubu Cənubi Abşeron-Cənubi Çələkən qırılması ilə mürəkkəbləşmişdir. Qərbdən Qərbi Abşeron şərqdən Şah-Əzizbəyov qırılmaları çökəkliyi əhatə edir.
Abşeron - Balaxanyanı zonasındakı neft və qazkondensat tipli yataqlar, böyük ehtiyatları və yüksək məhsuldarlıqları ilə seçilir. Bu zonada bir çox qırışıqların tağ və həmçinin tağa yaxın hissələri qırılıb qalxma və üstəgəlmə tipli uzununa qırılmalarla mürəkkəbləşmişdir. Abşeron yarımadasında çox böyük ölçüyə malik antiklinal zonaların yaranması prosesi bu regional qırılmalarla birbaşa əlaqədardır. Abşeron-Balaxanyanı antiklinal zonaya iki antiklinal xətt üzərində yerləşən strukturlar aid edilir. Bu antiklinal zonalarda qırışıqın şarniri şimal-qərbdən cənub-şərq istiqamətində batır. Antiklinal xətlərdən biri Abşeron küpəsi-Cənub antiklinal xətti, digəri isə Cənub və Xali-Kəpəz antiklinal xətti olaraq adlandırılmışdır.
Açar sözlər: Abşeron - Balaxanyanı antiklinal zona, Abşeron küpəsi-Cənub antiklinal xətti, Xali-
Kəpəz antiklinal xətti, Məhsuldar Qat, lay dəstəsi, horizont, yataq, quyu, struktur, qırılma.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE REACTOR BLOCK FUNCTIONING IN OIL REFINING
Authors: Elchin Melikov, Tamella Maharramova Elchin Melikov, Tamella Maharramova
Published: December 2024

Oil refining is a multi-stage process of physical and chemical crude oil processing, the result of which is the production of a petroleum products complex. The resulting products are directly related to the crude oil processed characteristics. Requirements for petroleum products quality are increasing, the need for heavy fuels is decreasing, and the raw materials quality is decreasing. All this hinders global oil refining development, and deep petroleum raw materials processing using secondary processes is of particular importance. Increasing competition in the field of fuels and lubricants and modern standards create a need to increase the depth of oil refining and improve the quality of produced oils, coke, and, above all, fuels. The optimizing problems operating modes of complex technological systems and their main apparatuses of oil refining, chemical, and other industries based on their mathematical models are among very relevant scientific and practical problems. In practice, solving the optimizing problem operating modes of complex technological systems is complicated by the fact that these systems are characterized by complexity, many interrelated parameters, multi-criteria, which are usually contradictory, as well as an initial information lack. All this greatly complicates the developing mathematical model's process necessary for preparing and making decisions in the face of conflicting criteria for choosing optimal operating modes of technological systems. Optimal modes of their operation, which are determined by making effective decisions based on mathematical models, allow for increasing production efficiency.
In the article, based on a process study occurring in a catalytic reforming unit, attention is paid to an urgent problem - the search for optimal conditions for carrying out the process under consideration and the objective function optimum. For this purpose, by the specifics, optimization problem statement, and the mathematical models formed for the reactors, an effective optimization method, the gradient method, is justified and selected. Here we propose an algorithm for identifying and adapting the resulting models to current situations (states). Next, to optimize the functioning of the reactor block as a whole, by the existing mathematical models of reactors, an optimization algorithm is developed that provides a quick and effective search of the optimal regime parameters for each reactor of the block under consideration.
Keywords: technological process, oil refinery, petroleum products, control object, optimal control, mathematical model, optimization problem.
METAL MATRIX HYBRID LAYERED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: Nurlan Gurbanov, Yusif Tanriverdiyev Nurlan Gurbanov, Yusif Tanriverdiyev
Published: December 2024

Reducing the weight of components is a key goal in different industrial sectors. This leads to an increase in the application areas of fiber composites for primary structural components. Aiming at this goal, a new lightweight fiber-metal laminate composites have been developed. Fiber-metal laminate composites are one of such materials that have been widely investigated for their performance compared to existing materials. Depending on the type of matrix and fiber materials used in the industry, various types of fiber-metal laminate composites are available. In this article, the properties of these materials are examined in detail.
Keywords: Composite materials, ARALL, GLARE, CARALL
Türkiye’s Harmonization With the EU’s Maritime Policies: An Analysis in the Framework of the EU Country Reports Between 2018 and 2023
Authors: Parıldar Yılmaz Nisa
Published: December 2024

This study addresses Türkiye’s policies in the maritime sector to evaluate their compliance with European Union (EU) maritime policies. Maritime transport serves as a catalyst for the economic development and prosperity of the EU. The EU adopts a maritime transport policy that is environmentally friendly, sustainable, fair, and developed within the framework of competition rules, requiring international cooperation and coordination, as well as integration with digital systems. Türkiye is a candidate state for EU membership, which means that it is supposed to converge its policies to those of the EU and make required harmonization in its national legislation. Therefore, Türkiye must develop policies and align its legislation in the maritime sector with the EU’s policies in this domain. In this context, the study, utilizing a document-based analysis in a qualitative research approach, aims to investigate the current level of Türkiye’s alignment with EU maritime policies. This is achieved by examining the EU country reports published by the European Commission between 2018 and 2023. The study concludes with findings and recommendations regarding Türkiye’s adherence to EU maritime policy, particularly in the areas of international agreements, marine safety, environmental protection, legislation, digitalization, and port management.
Navigating Legal and Humanitarian Challenges Regarding the Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Syful , Mia Md. Emon
Published: December 2024

Despite international legal frameworks designed to protect them, the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh face a critical situation characterized by a severe lack of legal status and inadequate humanitarian aid. This research uses a qualitative approach to examine the gap between these international laws and their actual implementation, focusing specifically on the Rohingya crisis. The study identifies significant deficiencies in the application of international refugee law, particularly the failure to grant the Rohingya adequate legal recognition, which has led to systemic denial of basic human rights such as education, healthcare, and legal protection. The findings highlight the limitations of both international and national legal frameworks in addressing the statelessness of the Rohingya, exacerbating their vulnerability. This research concludes with strategic recommendations for reforming legal frameworks at both international and national levels to enhance the protection mechanisms for the Rohingya and similar vulnerable groups.
Beyond the Gut Feeling: Exploring the role of “Psychomicrobiotic” and Biomeme Hypothesis
Authors: Tengku Kamarulbahri Tengku Mohd Saifuddin
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies suggests that human gut microbiota might affect the human nervous system and correlate with psychological and behavioural phenotypes, including mood, cognition, sleep, and personality. The cross-talk is also known as the “microbiota-gut-brain axis,” which plays important role in the development as well as the function of the brain in health and disease states. Likewise, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GM) like perturbations and alterations is linked with anxiety, depression, and even a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. Materials and method: Currently available of published articles, systemic reviews, or meta-analyses were identified through literature search from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed, since the inception of databases to December 2019. Herewith, the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were screened for the selection of relevant papers. Results: This review describes the clinical application of GBA in managing major psychiatric illness in adult (Psychomicrobiotic). Conclusion:  Further research is recommended as there is a demand for high-quality research to established the association between psychiatric illness and human gut microbiome.
 
Keywords: Microbiome-gut-brain axis, microbiome.
Unmasking the Neuropsychiatric Veil: A Mortality Case of Delayed Diagnosis in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Presenting as Acute Psychosis
Authors: Tengku Kamarulbahri Tengku Mohd Saifuddin
Published: December 2024

Acute psychosis, a prominent manifestation of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, poses a diagnostic challenge as it closely mimics primary psychiatric disorders. Consequently, clinicians may inadvertently initiate antipsychotic treatment, inadvertently exacerbating the underlying pathology. We presented a mortality case of late detection of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a young man who presented with acute psychosis which developed further deterioration after initiated anti-psychotics. This underscores the inherent risk in misdiagnosing anti-NMDAR encephalitis when acute psychosis is the primary clinical presentation. The delay in recognizing the neurological underpinnings of the symptoms resulted in a detrimental progression of the disease in the young male subject. This illuminates the critical need for heightened clinical suspicion when confronted with acute psychosis, prompting clinicians to consider alternative diagnoses beyond conventional psychiatric conditions. In conclusion, this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on the challenges associated with diagnosing anti-NMDAR encephalitis, particularly when masked by psychiatric symptomatology. It underscores the imperative for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion, prompting comprehensive evaluations to avert delayed diagnoses and potential fatalities in cases of this severe neurological condition.
 
Keywords: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, acute psychosis, antipsychotic, delirium.
Impact of Genetic Risk in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility and Severity among ASEAN Countries’ Population: A Narrative Review
Authors: Talik Sisin Noor Nabilah , Mohd Zahid Nasihah , Che Mat Nor Fazila
Published: December 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, prompted by SARS-CoV-2, has had far-reaching global consequences, needing a multidimensional response including public health, economic, and scientific endeavours. Although vaccinations have been produced, new mutations pose difficulties. Genetics of the host has been identified as a crucial determinant of COVID-19 illness severity, with studies finding particular genetic variants associated with disease manifestations. However, there is a lack of studies on genetic risks in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. This review seeks to fill this void by investigating the genetic risks of COVID-19 across ASEAN countries, considering the region’s different populations, demographics, and social factors. We review recent research on genetic variations linked to COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and viral burden from Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. These findings are consistent with global reports emphasising the significance of TMPRSS2, ACE2, IFNAR2, and TYK2 genes. However, additional study is required to clarify genetic variables across all ASEAN nations. It is critical to address problems such as limited sample numbers, study design, and replication of findings to confirm these correlations. Furthermore, considering demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural characteristics influencing COVID-19 outcomes among ASEAN countries is critical for effective public health interventions. To better combat the pandemic, the ASEAN area must address these obstacles and increase its research efforts to gain a more in-depth understanding of the genetic risks associated with COVID-19 within the region’s various ASEAN populations.
Evaluation of Radiation Protection Awareness Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yuvalı Meliz , Faad Noof , Abdullah Saja , Fawaz Aisha , Uzun Ozsahin Dilber , R. David Leena
Published: December 2024

Radiological examinations are carried out in various departments of a hospital along with the radiology department. This involves the involvement of nurses also during the radiological procedures. Therefore, there is a high probability of radiation exposure to the nurses as well. This study aimed to understand the awareness and practice of radiological protection among nurses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during imaging examinations. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which data were simultaneously gathered from three Emirates of theUAE (Dubai, Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah) from both government and private hospitals. It is crucial to identify the best interventions to address the radiation knowledge and practice gap among nurses and healthcare organisations should take initiative for the same. Continuing professional development or a certified program must be a mandatory requirement for all nurses who are involved in radiological procedures.
Postpartum HELLP Syndrome Complicates A Rare Acute Acalculous Pancreatitis
Authors: Harun Muhammad Hairie Hakimi , Mohd Salleh Mohd Fairudzi Afzanizam , Zaidi Muhammad Firdaus , Borian Nor Diana
Published: December 2024

HELLP syndrome is one of the worst complications associated with severe pre-eclampsia (PE), characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes or transaminitis and low platelet count or thrombocytopenia which accounts for almost 1% of all pregnancies. Interestingly, HELLP syndrome can be complicated with acute pancreatitis. Here we are demonstrating a rare and yet interesting case of 29 years old, gravida 3 para 2 which presented to us with acute acalculous pancreatitis as a complication of postpartum HELLP syndrome. Early recognition and treatment would significantly improve maternal outcomes.
The The Peruvian Herb with Global Reach: A bibliometric Analysis of Lepidium meyenii (maca) Research from 2013 to 2024
Authors: Ismawi Hidayatul Radziah , Othman Najwa Hanim , Mohd Zainudin Maizura , Abd Fuaat Azliana , Abd Rahim Nour El Huda
Published: December 2024

This analysis explored the global research trends of Lepidium meyenii (maca) for the last ten years, using bibliometric methods, and explore international collaborations, the evolution of active topics and emerging trends. We utilised various methodologies on the SCOPUS database such as keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship analysis to identify the most influential authors, institutions, and countries, along with the most cited publications in this field. We used Bibliomagika 2.2 and Bibliomagika 1.5 Split for frequency analysis, as well as VOSviewer for data visualization. We also delved into the co-occurrence of different terms connected to Lepidium meyenii (maca) and author keywords within the specified time period. A total of 313 publications were identified, with the most published in 2022, revealing an upward trend in the past decade. China (223 publications) emerged as the leading country in maca research, and the preeminent journal in this field was identified as Andrologia (15 publications). The analysis of keyword co-occurrence highlighted key thematic clusters, with "Lepidium meyenii (maca)," "herbal medicine," "macamides," "antioxidant," and "medicinal plants" as the most prevalent author keywords. Our findings suggest the global reach of Lepidium meyenii (maca) and offer insights into research patterns, the contributions of different countries, influential authors, and active journals. This data serves as a tool for researchers to identify future directions of research in this field.
Association between Severity of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction in Two Largest Urology Center in Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Mohammad Saiful Segar Mohammad Irsyadiee
Published: December 2024

Association between Severity of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Erectile Dysfunction in Two Largest Urology Center in Pahang, Malaysia
Abstract
Aim and objectives: To look for association of BPH and ED, by measuring IPSS score and IIEF score. Qmax, PSA and prostate weight also be measured to look for the correlation with severity of BPH
Methods/Study design:Prospective study conducted at 2 urology center in Pahang, Malaysia (Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan and Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Center@IIUM), from 1st November 2022 until 30th of April 2023. Patient was assessed using IPSS and IIEF, besides did uroflowmetry (Qmax), PSA and prostate weight (PW).
Results/Findings:
Total of 510 met the inclusion criteria and completed the study. The mean age group was 65.79 years old (65.23-66.35 years old). There were 68.2% Malay, 27.8 % Chinese, Indian 3.7 % and Orang Asli 0.2 %.Patient had IPSS score less than 8, it will be labelled as ‘No LUTS’ [18]. IPSS 8 and above will be labelled as ‘LUTS’ [18]. There were 271 patients or 53.1% of the subjects had ‘LUTS’, whereas there were 239 patients or 46.9% had ‘No LUTS’.
Patient had ED was categorized for patient who had IIEF-5 score less than 17 (<17). Patient with LUTS had ED 57.9%, whereas patient had no LUTS had ED was 42.1%. Pearson chi square calculated, p value <0.0001, which is statically significant
The prevalence of ED from the study was 78.6%.
Prostate weight (PW) mean 52.17g with median of 51.0 g. The association between PW and LUTS is statistically significant, p value < 0.001.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) mean 3.43 ng/dl with median 2.6 ng/dl. The association between PSA and LUTS is not statically significant, p value 0.003
Qmax mean 12.14 ml/s with median 11.7 ml/s. The association between Qmax and LUTS is statically significant, p value <0.001
Conclusion:
The study have shown statically significant between association of LUTS and ED. Qmax and prostate weight as well have statically significant correlation with presence of LUTS. However, from our study, there was no correlation of PSA reading and LUTS.
Radiation Shielding Verification of VVER-1200 Power Units
Authors: Alekseev A. , Pikalov Vladimir , Alexeev Pavel
Published: December 2024

The results of the verification of the effectiveness of biological protection of the Belarusian NPP, which was performed during the start-up of power units, are considered. They are compared with similar results for the VVER-1200 power units of the Novovoronezh and Leningrad NPP. The comparison with the Leninigrad NPP with VVER-1200 was made from the point of view that it was accepted as a reference for the power units of the NPP-2006 project for foreign NPP projects of the Rosatom Corporation
The Problems of Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry in Modern Conditions. Scintillation Cocktail
Authors: Gonchar Yu. , Gudymenko N. , Kashirin Igor' , Gudymenko V. , Malinovskiy S.
Published: December 2024

The main problems of liquid scintillation spectrometry in the current modern conditions are presented. The possibility of working on LC radiometers using scintillation cocktails created on the basis of reagents available in Russia was analyzed. Comparative results of testing model radionuclide mixtures in proprietary (UltimaGold AB, INSTA-FLUOR) scintillation cocktails and those prepared in laboratory conditions based on the aromatic solvent toluene (xylene) are shown
Estimation of Uncertainty in Measurements of Dosimetric Characteristics of Photon Fields Generated by Linear Electron Accelerators
Authors: Lazarenko Sergey , Taraev Aleksandr , Zaharadniuk Aliaksei
Published: December 2024

The article considers the main components of the uncertainty budget when measuring the average ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) (or ADE for short) generated by a medical linear electron accelerator (or LINAC for short). The budget of the ADE uncertainty is made for the case of assessment of the performance of dosimetric equipment in the fields of pulsed microsecond photon radiation generated by LINAC according to the method described in [1,2,3,4]. The estimation of the ADE uncertainty generated by LINAC at the measurement point was performed according to the procedure described in GOST 34100.3.2-2017 [5]. According to this scheme, at the first stage the determination of the basic dosimetric quantity – kerma rate in air (or kerma rate for short), generated by LINAC at a given point, was performed by using the reference dosimeter DKS AT5350/1 in combination with the ionization chamber TM32002. At the second stage, the kerma rate was converted to the ADE using the conversion coefficient according to STB ISO 4037-3-2022 [6]. The uncertainty estimation after each stage was based on the explicit form of the expression inking the input and output parameters (current – kerma rate for the first stage, kerma rate – ADE for the second stage). It was found that the uncertainty of the ADE generated by the LINAC at the measurement point, calculated according to the above described scheme, does not exceed 13% for all operating modes of the LINAC.
Fukushima. The Danger of Re-Criticality of Destroyed Fuel
Authors: Borovoy A. , Gavrilov S. , Hvoschinskiy V.
Published: December 2024

During the accident at three units of the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) the melt of the core materials (corium) destroyed the lower part of the reactor vessels, and some of the corium spilled onto the structures in the containment. As a result, accumulations of FuelContaining Materials (FCM) were formed. In the event of re-criticality both the corium remaining in the reactor vessels and FCM may pose a hazard. Thus when extracting them from damaged NPP units, such hazards must be dully accounted for.
The paper focuses on nuclear safety measures both taken and planned in the elimination of the Fukushima-1 NPP accident consequences
Standard Uncertainty of Measurement of Volumetric b-activity by the Method of Deconvolution of the b-spectrum of a Mixture of Radionuclides Based on Piecewise Combined Functions with Piecewise Linear Approximation of their Parameters
Authors: Vvedensky Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Abstract. A method is presented for calculating the standard uncertainty of measuring volumetric b activity by deconvolution of the b-spectrum of a mixture of radionuclides based on piecewise combined functions with piecewise linear approximation of their parameters. The method with the described method for calculating the standard uncertainty is intended for the determination of b-emitting radionuclides in environmental samples, in biosubstrate samples, in technological samples using a liquid scintillation counter with automatic determination of the spectral attenuation parameter of the external standard SQP(E). The method relates to the field of radioecological monitoring, environmental protection, and individual radiation monitoring of workers. The method for interpreting the b-spectrum was issued a patent of the Russian Federation RU 2019139690 dated 12.04.2019. According to the presented method for identifying b-emitting radionuclides in samples with the described method for calculating the standard uncertainty, the Aspect-SUBI software was created.
Description of two outstanding Hypotrabala from the Central Congolian lowland forests (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Selenepherini)
Authors: Prozorova Tatiana A. , Revay Edita E. , Müller Günter C. , Yakovlev Roman V. , Saldaitis Aidas , Volkova Julia S. , Sulak Harald , Prozorov Alexey M.
Published: December 2024

Two new Hypotrabala Holland, 1893 species, Hypotrabala michaeli sp. n. and H. oliviae sp. n., are described from the Central Congolian lowland forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Hypotrabala michaeli sp. n. is compared with other dark colored Hypotrabala species: Hypotrabala leopoldi Weber et al., 2024; Hypotrabala benjamini Weber et al., 2024; and Hypotrabala carnegiei Tams, 1929; while H. oliviae sp. n. is compared with closely related Hypotrabala retorta Takano & László, 2024; Hypotrabala fontainei Tams, 1953; Hypotrabala guttata (Aurivillius, 1915); Hypotrabala magnimacula Takano & László, 2024; and Hypotrabala aurantiaca Takano & László, 2024. Adult males and their genitalia are illustrated.
Security or Peace as a Problem Faced by Ukrainian Diplomacy in the Context of Global Confrontation
Authors: Perepelytsia Hryhorii
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article analyses the possible scenarios and options for ending the russian-Ukrainian war, focusing on achieving peace and ensuring Ukraine’s security. The author notes that the West does not want to accept the new realities that have emerged over the course of the russian-Ukrainian war, striving to preserve the status quo disrupted by russia and the ruins of a no longer viable international security system.
It is emphasised that Ukrainian diplomacy faces the formidable challenge of restoring the state’s peace and security in the context of global confrontation. The article contains considerations on whether Ukraine can tackle this issue present in national, regional and global dimensions. While analysing this problem, the author focuses on the following key tasks for Ukrainian wartime diplomacy: 1) achieving peace, 2) creating a vision for this peace, and 3) identifying ways of attaining it by Ukraine, russia and other influential geopolitical actors.
The author outlines two potential paths to achieving a positive outlook for peace and security for Ukraine. The first is diplomatic, relying on strength, and the second is military, based on victory. The victory can be complete, achieved through military means, or partial, attained through negotiations, which is the current preference of the state leadership and Western partners.
Furthermore, neither side of the war has yet fully reached the conditions when a diplomatic settlement would yield positive results, i.e. when the both parties recognise that complete victory is unattainable, the costs and losses of continued war outweigh the expected gains, or there are insufficient resources to achieve the war objectives.
In his conclusions, the author summarises that achieving a compromise to end the war on terms acceptable to both Ukraine’s and russia’s at the second peace summit seems unlikely. It is emphasised that the second peace summit should take place only after favourable geopolitical conditions have been established.
Keywords: war, peace, security guarantees, Ukrainian diplomacy, NATO, regional security, victory.
Foreign Trade Relations of Ukraine in the Context of the russian-Ukrainian War
Authors: Shnyrkov Oleksandr , Filipenko Anton , Polishchuk Lina
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article focuses on the analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade flows in the context of the war and assesses the adaptability and reorientation of export and import operations with major partner countries and regions.
The authors analyse the dynamics of exports and imports by the main groups of goods and services, highlight the main structural changes, emphasise the increase of the European Union’s share in Ukraine’s foreign trade, and outline the possibilities of trade diversification through updated agreements with strategic partners. The article indicates that the solidarity with Ukraine, trade liberalisation decisions and the suspension of trade remedies by the EU have led to an increase in exports and the establishment of new logistics corridors, but have also caused a rapid increase in exports of certain agricultural products and changes in the markets for these products in Ukraine’s neighbouring countries.
The article outlines the prospects for cooperation with the Global South countries. It is noted that in the long term, the restoration and expansion of Ukraine’s economic positions in the markets of the Global South would be primarily possible if Ukraine realises its status as an EU candidate state, which entails a focus on the practical implementation of the goals, principles and instruments of the EU trade policy.
The authors conclude that since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, Ukraine’s foreign trade flows have changed significantly in terms of both commodity and geographical structure. At the same time, Ukrainian foreign trade and the agricultural sector, in particular, have demonstrated high adaptability to wartime risks. Furthermore, the authors provide a number of relevant recommendations for Ukraine’s further foreign trade activities.
Keywords: foreign trade, geographical and commodity structure of exports and imports, partner countries, strategic partnerships.
Crimea Platform for Today and Tomorrow: Five Arguments
Authors: Tasheva Tamila
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article analyses the functioning of the Crimea Platform from the first inaugural Summit initiated by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in 2021 to the present day. It is noted that the value of the Crimea Platform was that this initiative brought the issue of Crimea to the current political agenda. It turned out that this was precisely the step that moscow feared. The author casts light onto the fact that since its launch, the Crimea Platform has grown into a whole ecosystem combining different perspectives, geography and levels. Every year, the list of events and initiatives within the framework of the Crimea Platform is growing, and all these efforts are expected to contribute to the liberation of Crimea.
The author offers five key arguments in favour of the assertion that the Crimea Platform is an effective tool, namely 1. The Crimea Platform returns Crimea to the current international agenda and does not allow to ‘forget’ about the annexation of the peninsula. 2. The initiative is a booster of attention to Crimea at the national level, and the Office of the Crimea Platform has become the centre of Crimea discussions and processes, a coordination and communication format between the state authorities of Ukraine, foreign states, international organisations and Ukrainian citizens from Crimea. 3. The Crimea Platform is an important signal for our citizens under occupation, as the efforts made by the state in organising and conducting the Summit demonstrated to our people in the occupied territories that Ukraine is ready and will fight for them. 4. The Crimea Platform is an important venue for changing narratives about Crimea and a tool for revealing the true history to the international community. 5. The Crimea Platform is a potential coordination mechanism for restoring and reconstructing Crimea after liberation.
The article emphasises that the Crimea Platform has become a powerful tool for countering the russian occupation of Crimea. Its work shows that Ukraine does not give up and continues to fight for its territorial integrity. It is noted that the Crimea Platform is now committed to the liberation of Crimea, and in the future, it may work for the sake of its restoration.
Keywords: Crimea Platform, occupation, liberation of Crimea, international support, Ukraine.
Structures and Mechanisms of Multilateral Cooperation among EU Countries in the Field of Security and Defence
Authors: Tolstov Sergii
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article examines the mechanisms and priorities of European multilateral cooperation among EU countries in security and defence. The author focuses mainly on recent trends in the context of russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine.
The article emphasises that the common security and defence policy constitutes a significant area of the EU’s statutory activities. According to the founding treaties, it stems from specific principles that entail voluntary commitments and asymmetric participation in various forms of multilateral interaction. The withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the Union and the russian-Ukrainian war has accelerated the development of the EU countries’ common security and defence policy. This is evident in the expanded powers of bodies responsible for the defence sector and the management of joint operations, the accelerated development of rapid response forces, and the approval of a strategy for modernising the defence industry.
Moreover, the article analyses the European Union’s role and status in international relations. It notes that political theorists have generally been critical of the EU’s claims to be a global legislator of international communication rules, values, and norms.
The author highlights that the EU’s governing structures are gradually recognising the new threats posed by the resurgence of continental imperialist war. The EU’s 2022–24 documents and programmes aim to increase member states’ capacity to counter potential aggression, strengthen the EU’s role in ensuring stability around its borders, and spread European values among its partners.
The conclusions state that various military-industrial projects for the development and production of armaments are competing within the EU. Conflicting initiatives also exist regarding the creation of joint air forces and a European missile defence system.
Keywords: European security, common security and defence policy, military aid to Ukraine, European Union, NATO, strategic partnership.
The Genesis of the NATO — EU Relationship in the Context of the Historical Transformations of the World Security System
Authors: Hrubinko Andrii
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article presents the results of comprehensive research into the history and current state of cooperation between the two leading international organisations in Europe in modern times: NATO and the EU. The author analyses the genesis of NATO-EU relations from the post-war world order of the mid-twentieth century to the present in three periods: preliminary (unofficial) — from the 1950s to 2000, the establishment of cooperation (2001–14) and dynamic cooperation (from 2014 to the present). The article provides an explanation of the reasons for the absence of official relations between the organisations until the end of the twentieth century, the role of the Western European Union (WEU), the change in US strategic priorities after the end of the Cold War, and the impact of russian aggression on the intensification of the EU-NATO cooperation. The author emphasises the importance of joint work in countering hybrid threats, cybersecurity, and military mobility, among other things, which are crucial in the current geostrategic confrontation. The author reviews the regulatory, legal, institutional and functional support for the emergence and development of transatlantic cooperation in the context of historical changes in the global security system. The article outlines the achievements, problems and prospects of cooperation between the organisations and their role in the international arena in the context of current security system challenges.
It is noted that the EU needs to strengthen cooperation with the Alliance as a key to increasing its global influence. The events surrounding the russian-Ukrainian war have demonstrated the difficulty of combining the interests of the EU and NATO without the patronage of the United States, which is no longer prepared to guarantee European security monopolistically. Europe’s main problem is the lack of a leading state capable of backing up its international influence with economic and military resources. The EU cannot overcome its supporting role in relations with NATO in the average term. Progressing in ‘small steps’ is the only correct strategy for the EU in the security sphere. The first step has already been decided: activation of reserves and development of new capabilities of the military-industrial complex (MIC), which will be the best contribution of the union to deter russian aggression.
Keywords: NATO, EU, WEU, security system, USA, Alliance, Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).
Diplomacy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pipchenko Nataliia
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article analyses transformation of diplomatic work based on the use of artificial intelligence tools.
The author distinguishes the global, regional and national levels of implementing artificial intelligence initiatives, as well as outlines the advantages and disadvantages of such tools. The author also outlines the activities of the European Union with regard to updating the European regulatory framework to encourage the use of AI in various areas and the subsequent adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act by the European Parliament.
The practical significance of artificial intelligence tools is illustrated by the activities of the foreign ministries of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, which were among the first to actively upgrade their diplomatic work with the use of innovations. For example, the article points out that American diplomats and civil servants consider both the advantages and disadvantages of AI. Among the advantages, they mention the capability of AI tools to analyse the image of the sending state presented by foreign media over a long period in the information space of the host country to qualitatively modify and improve the work within the foreign ministry through the capabilities of a purpose-designed AI system, etc. As for the disadvantages, American civil servants pointed out that the general public may overestimate the information generated by AI chats, and therefore misinterpret political events, the causes of trade, economic or armed confrontations, conflicts, wars, etc.
The author concludes that diplomacy in the artificial intelligence era focuses on the issues of international legal regulation of the particularities of using artificial intelligence systems for improving political, economic, security, environmental and social prospects of human development; the possibilities of using artificial intelligence tools to perform functional diplomatic duties; and ensuring the confidentiality of transmission, storage and processing of political and diplomatic data.
Keywords: diplomacy, artificial intelligence, EU, France, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom.
Aspects of the Emergence and Organisation of the Diaspora Life of Ukrainians in Japan
Authors: Kulinich Mykola , Sahan Halyna
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article describes the history of the establishment of the Ukrainian community in Japan and analyses the historical presence of Ukrainians in the territory of Japan or the territories it controlled. At the initial stage of the development of Japanese-Ukrainian relations in the early 1990s, the Japanese had a very limited understanding of Ukraine, its history and culture, so an analysis of the history of intercultural communication before 1991 explains why it was so difficult for the Ukrainian community in Japan to establish itself after the collapse of the USSR and the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence.
By analysing the origins of Ukrainian-Japanese communication, the author presents the important contribution of such personalities as Yosyp Hashkevych, Vasyl Yeroshenko, Ivan Svit, and others, as well as the history of cultural and social activism of Ukrainians in Japan and in the territories controlled by Japan throughout the first half of the 20th century.
The article points out that the evolution of Ukrainians abroad was a complex process in Japanese public life, and in particular in the establishment of ethnic identity, consolidation and structural institutionalisation of Ukrainian migrants in Japan who arrived in the Land of the Rising Sun shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.
The article also explores the changes in the fate of the Ukrainian community in Japan after russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. In particular, the Japanese and representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora massively gathered in the streets to protest against russia’s military aggression and to provide humanitarian and other assistance. It is noted that Ukrainians in Japan actively contributed to the support and assistance to refugees from Ukraine, who sought refuge in the Land of the Rising Sun after russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In conclusion, the author points out that the historical experience of communication with Ukrainians contributed to the positive image of Ukrainians in Japanese society and politics and, accordingly, to the change in its migration legislation.
Keywords: Ukrainians in Japan, diaspora, Ukrainian-Japanese cooperation, Ukrainians in Manchuria, russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.