bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notes on Liverwort Specimens from the Philippine Cordilleras in the Botanical Herbarium of the UPLB Museum of Natural History (CAHUP)
Authors: Logatoc Eugene L. R. , Hadsall Annalee S. , Malabrigo Jr. Pastor L. , Gruezo William Sm.
Published: February 2025

An account of liverwort specimens collected from the Philippine Cordilleras, particularly from the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), deposited and accessioned in the Botanical Herbarium of the University of the Philippines Los Baños Museum of Natural History (CAHUP) is provided. A total of 539 accessions from the region were recorded, comprising 23.89% of the overall liverwort and hornwort collection of CAHUP. This represents a total of 76 species distributed in 41 genera and 26 families. The families Lepidoziaceae with 179 accessions, Plagiochilaceae with 100 accessions, and Herbertaceae with 48 accessions make up the majority of the collections from the region. The oldest dated specimen from the CAR deposited in the herbarium was collected by H.H. Bartlett in 1935 and the bulk of accessioned specimens from the region were collected in the 1970s by M. Alvarez with A. Tandang and Saprid from Mt. Data (Mountain Province) and Mt. Pulag (Benguet Province), respectively. The geographic extent of liverwort collection in the CAR, as reflected by the accessioned specimens, is restricted to few localities in the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao, and Mountain Province. Locality information and distribution records for noteworthy species are reported, with 20 species new to the CAR; new localities are reported for another 18 species. With the current state of liverwort collection and research in the CAR, the processing and accessioning of approximately 15,000 bryophyte specimens from different parts of the country, conducting inventories and examination of herbarium specimens in other herbaria, and carrying out extensive and systematic collection work in areas of high conservation value are expected to contribute more information on the ecology, richness and diversity, and distribution of liverworts in the region.
Evaluation and Performance of Different Bush Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties under Organic Farming System in La Trinidad, Benguet
Authors: Kimeu Amelia M.
Published: February 2025

More people are advocating organic farming and products for food safety, wellness and nutrition, as well as to favor balance and ecologically-sound environment. With few crops being evaluated under organic farming system, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of seven bush snap bean varieties (‘Bokod’, ‘Sablan’, ‘French Bean’, ‘FB Claudine’, ‘Landmark’, ‘Pencil Bean’, and ‘Blue Lake 274’ as the check variety) under organic farming system in La Trinidad, Benguet. Parameters such as maturity, pods and seeds size were evaluated. ‘Blue Lake 274’ produced the biggest pods and seeds in terms of length and width, while ‘Landmark’ had the heaviest seeds. Marketable seed yield and ROI was highest in ‘Bokod’ and ‘Sablan’ varieties, thus, show potential for organic production.
Antibiotic Residue Screening in Liver, Kidney, and Muscle Tissues of Non-Monitored Poultry Products, Cull-broiler and Cull, Sold in La Trinidad, Benguet
Authors: Tabon Marjury M. , Domondon Denisa C.
Published: February 2025

Cull-broiler and cull are popular poultry meat products in Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines but these are not being monitored by authorities for antibiotic residue. This antibiotic residue could pose a direct threat to consumer’s health; thus, this study deemed it necessary to detect the presence of antibiotic residue in the liver, kidney and muscle tissues of cull-broiler and cull being sold in La Trinidad, Benguet using disc diffusion technique or the Kirby-Bauer Disc Method. Results revealed presence of antibiotic residues in the three tissues of cull-broiler. The liver tissue samples had the highest number with positive results against the three test bacteria. This result implies the highest incidence of antibiotic residue in liver tissues followed by kidney and least in muscles. Additionally, cull-broiler has greater incidence of antibiotic residue than cull. Also, there is a significant difference in the level of antibiotic residue present between the tissues of cull-broiler and cull, as shown by the mean diameter (mm) of inhibition zone. Tissues of cull-broiler had the widest mean zone of inhibition as compared to the tissue of culled chicken. Moreover, the zone of inhibition is significantly affected by the type of chicken and the type of tissue indicating that the level of antibiotic residues depends on the type of chicken and the type of tissue. Though the presence of antibiotic residue in the different tissues is relatively small, it still indicates the potential for public health risk. Concerned agencies should not only check broiler for the presence of antibiotic residue but should also include cull-broiler and cull chicken sold in the market.
Performance of Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato Varieties in Three Agroecological Conditions in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines
Authors: Quindara Hilda L. , Awal Isidro B. , Gayumba Roger P. , Tad-awan Belinda A.
Published: February 2025

Increasing local production and market availability of fresh and processed orange-fleshed sweetpotatoes (OFSP) could be one nutrition-specific intervention to help promote health and well-being. OFSP is an alternative source of carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamin A. This study used a participatory variety selection approach to evaluate the performance of OFSP varieties for off-season production in three selected areas of CAR under low elevation, mid-elevation, and highland farmers' production systems. Findings show that despite some environmental and production limitations, the different OFSP varieties produced considerable yield and exhibited high dry matter content. The dark orange-fleshed 'Taiwan' variety grown at temperatures ranging from 16-25oC with an elevation of 1,316 masl had the lowest yield and dry matter content with moist textural characteristics. NSIC SP 30 produced low yield and dry matter with considerable acceptable eating qualities. Across locations, var. Inmitlog, an early maturing variety with intermediate orange-fleshed color, consistently produced the highest yield and dry matter content with well-accepted eating qualities. This variety showed adaptability to off-season planting conditions at varied production elevations, thus, has potential for contributing to nutrition and food security and as an income-generating crop for marginal farmers.
Effects of the Different Postharvest Processing Methods on the Occurrence of Ochratoxin A and Cupping Quality of Arabica Coffee
Authors: Basalong Andres A. , Amado Von Y. , Talbino Hazen Lyn B.
Published: February 2025

Postharvest processing methods of Arabica coffee affect the occurrence of fungal contaminants and green bean qualities. The common fungal contaminants on parchment coffee from the wet and honey methods and dried berries from the dry method were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium xylarioides, and Penicillium spp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was associated only to the wet and honey method, while Aspergillus niger was found only on dried berries. The remaining contaminants of green coffee beans were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Penicillium spp. from wet method; Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium spp. on the honey method; and Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium xylarioides on the dry method. Ochratoxin A contamination was detected only on the dry berries from the dry method. The wet and honey processed coffee attained the specialty quality standard, a superior overall cup quality than the dry-processed coffee. Moreover, the financial analysis revealed that higher returns could be obtained following the wet or honey process.
Teachers’ Preparedness for Inclusive Education
Authors: Sito Leonila R.
Published: February 2025

The Commission of Higher Education mandates all Teacher Training Institutions in the Philippines to offer a professional course on inclusive education starting school year 2018-2019. The study determined the level of preparedness of the Benguet State University Teacher Education faculty members to teach the said course. Specifically, it determined their familiarity with the principles that underpin inclusive education, skill in managing inclusive classes, and attitudes towards inclusion. Comparisons on these three main variables were made in terms of the level that they taught, years in the teaching service, and whether they had orientation on inclusive education or none. Two factors related to familiarity with inclusion principles were identified - decision-making with learners and stakeholders' active involvement. The teachers were moderately familiar with both principles but were significantly more familiar with the principles related to stakeholder’s active involvement. Significant differences were observed on familiarity when involving stakeholders according to level taught and years in service. Respondents with or without orientation on inclusive education had comparable levels of familiarity with the inclusion principles. The teachers were moderately efficacious in enhancing learning, classroom management, and establishing relationships. They had a significantly higher level of efficacy on classroom management than on enhancing learning and establishing partnerships. Significant differences were observed in the efficacy levels according to level taught and years of service but none in terms of attendance to orientation for inclusion. Two factors related to agreeing towards inclusion attitudes were identified: improvement for successful inclusion and mainstreaming. The agreement level for attitudes toward self-improvement is significantly greater than attitude toward mainstreaming in inclusive education. Significant differences in attitudes on self-improvement were found along the level taught and years in service. The findings have implications for an improved training level for both in-service and pre-service teachers, policy on all tertiary level programs, and consciousness-raising about diversity to the larger society.
Readiness of Benguet State University Pre-service Teachers in the 21st Century Teaching Environment
Authors: Parcasio Imelda G.
Published: February 2025

This study looked into the Benguet State University pre-service teachers’ readiness in the 21st century teaching environment as evaluated by their respective Cooperating Teachers during their off-campus student teaching. It is a descriptive quantitative study conducted in Baguio and Benguet with 130 teacher-respondents from 14 Cooperating Schools of BSU College of Teacher Education. Based on the concept of eight 21st century skills, the cooperating teachers observed and evaluated the pre-service teachers as very good adaptors because of their ability to be flexible in teaching and learning at the same time; visionaries because they are open to suggestions and criticisms; collaborators because they have the skills in facilitating curricular instructions with the aid of technology, and risk takers as they accept criticisms to enhance instruction. On the other hand, the pre-service teachers need enhancements in the other skills like learning, communicating, role modeling and leading. The challenges faced by the cooperating teachers in guiding the pre-service teachers are: mentoring on ICT utilization, improvement of communication skills, lack of time for one-on-one coaching, the inability of pre-service teachers to meet the deadline of requirements, and the missing of reminders to instructions given to them by the cooperating teachers.
Benguet State University High School Students’ Curiosity, Interest, and Perceptions on Interactive Manipulatives in Mathematics
Authors: Buasen Julie A. , Lubrica Joel V. , Oryan Serano L. , Alimondo Monica S. , Dolipas Bretel B. , Ocampo Phil S.
Published: February 2025

The Benguet State University high school students perceive that their exposure to interactive manipulatives in mathematics can influence their interest to pursue a career path in Mathematics. They claimed that their interest and curiosity in the interactive manipulatives were increased after handling the different manipulatives. Further, the students also claimed that their academic performance in Mathematics could be enhanced, should these interactive manipulatives be used in their classes. Results are true to all students whether they intend to pursue a mathematics-related course or not. These results stemmed from 71 high school students who were asked, through a questionnaire, to give their views after their exposure to the different manipulatives. They were first asked to watch a demonstration of the mathematics manipulatives and were given time to manipulate the devices given some procedures and mathematical concepts as guides. The study suggests that students be exposed to interactive devices to enhance their academic performance in Mathematics and stimulate their interests in pursuing Mathematics related degrees. Likewise, in a setting where the availability of manipulatives is limited, educators should devise practical materials that students can use. Lastly, a quasi-experimental study may be done to verify the respondents' claim that their Mathematics performance can be enhanced when manipulatives are utilized in their class
Does the News Shape Our Views? Effects of Media Exposure on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Drug Addicts in the Philippines
Authors: Bries Francis Simonh M. , Ngina Karryl Mae C. , Bonsol-Marasigan Joan
Published: February 2025

Drug addicts as a stigmatized group became important to study due to the public sentiments, media discourses, and government actions they have stirred within the country. This research explored how information received through broadcast media (i.e. through priming) influences attitudes toward drug addicts. In this research, priming was accomplished through the exposure of the research participants to media stimuli on drug addicts. Through a 2×3 mixed design experiment, participants’ perceptions of drug addicts were measured using an explicit attitude scale and implicit attitudes measurement using the Single Target-Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT). The baseline explicit and implicit attitudes were initially measured, then re-measured after each presentation of a news report about drug addicts who have either recovered from their condition or committed a heinous crime (within-subjects). Order effects on ST-IAT scores were also accounted for by counterbalancing the order of primes presented (between-subjects). Results showed that the order of prime presentation did not result in significant differences in change of attitude. Furthermore, recovery (positive) primes result in less negative to neutral but not positive attitudes, whereas criminal (negative) primes simply return participants to almost baseline negative attitudes. Therefore, although media representations can influence public attitudes toward drug addicts, such effects are nuanced and crucially dependent on the features of media information, what representations or attributes are made salient, and what domain of attitudes is being investigated.
Production Performance of Salad Tomato Varieties Under Conventional Cultivation and the Semi-Temperate Conditions of Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Kimeu Amelia M.
Published: February 2025

Tomato is an important vegetable and contributes to food security, income, and improved farmers' livelihoods worldwide. Tomatoes contain many health-promoting compounds and a nutritious part of a balanced diet. Over the last decade, consumers have become more aware of foods as a source of health benefits and their roles in preventing several chronic diseases. The study was conducted to evaluate, select and recommend specific varieties of salad-type tomato and to determine the economic benefits of growing salad tomato under a conventional production system at the HORTI Experimental Station of Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. The experiment consisted of 14 entries of salad tomato and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Variety ‘Apollo’ was used as the check variety. 'Athena' variety was the earliest to bear flower at 23 days after transplanting. 'Astig', 'Makapuno', and 'Apollo', the check variety, which were significantly comparable at 28-30 days to flowering. All the entries evaluated produced 5 to 6 flowers per cluster. 'Discovery' variety had the longest and widest fruit. 'Marvel' had the highest total number of marketable fruits at 193.70, while the 'Makapuno' variety significantly had the highest fruit yield with 8.68 kg/5m2 plot. 'Victory' produced the highest total yield with 10.04 kg/plot and 'TM 03' variety recorded the highest sugar content with 12.86 0Brix. Tomato cultivars evaluated were observed to be mild to moderately resistant to late blight infection. 'Victory' can be considered profitable due to high ROI under La Trinidad, Benguet condition as a strategy for food security.
Bacterial Isolates as Potential Inoculants for Organic Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) Production in Nueva Ecija
Authors: Guntang Ruth P. , Juico Purisima P. , Galindez Jonathan L.
Published: February 2025

Organic agriculture greatly depends on soil microorganisms to produce the optimum amount of nutrients available for plant use. This study was conducted to evaluate the yield and yield components of organic Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) in response to bacterial inoculants. The experiment was conducted in a ten-yearold organic farm at Ramon Magsaysay-Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment Studies, Central Luzon State University (RM-CARES-CLSU), Nueva Ecija. All treatments used 5t/ha recommended rate of organic fertilizer (RROF), varying only with inoculants Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacea, and Bacillus subtilis. Plants applied with organic fertilizer inoculated with E. cloacea increased yield by 27% compared to plants applied with solely organic fertilizer. E. cloacea was also the best inoculant for organic fertilizer based on yield weight per plot and per hectare and the number of survived plants. It is also the most efficient bacterial inoculant for organic fertilizer to enhance the availability of nutrients for optimum organic Kale production. E. aerogenes, on the other hand, stimulated the nitrogen uptake significantly, and although comparable with other treatments, it can induce high dry matter yield and high nitrogen and potassium content of the plant.
Efficacy of Fermented Garlic and Vinegar-Based Biopesticide for the Management of Sweetpotato Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas
Authors: Masangcay Teresita D. , Galian Jophr L.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine possible biopesticides against Fusarium wilt in sweetpotato using locally available materials. The fungicidal efficiency of fermented garlic and vinegar combinations were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas through bioassay, as a soil amendment, and as a spray on infected field plants. Three different local kinds of vinegar, namely sweetpotato vinegar, coconut water (sukang puti) and cane vinegar produced comparable inhibition zones in vitro. Garlic and wood vinegar combination produced the least inhibition zone against the fungus but was the most effective soil amendment. Soil with Trichoderma harzianum recorded the highest herbage weight and length but did not translate to storage root yield. Instead, garlic and wood vinegar or sweetpotato vinegar had the highest storage root yield. Its efficacy was comparable with other amendments such as Trichoderma harzianum and lime. The soil amendments enhanced herbage and root yield in the study despite favorable conditions for disease development. When used as a spray, garlic extract combined with either wood vinegar, sweetpotato, coconut water, or cane vinegar was found effective in controlling Fusarium wilt, as verified in two trials giving more than 50% disease control compared to untreated plants. Results showed that fermented garlic, regardless of local vinegar formulation, is an effective biopesticide in managing Fusarium wilt of sweetpotato.
Management Strategies Against Flea Beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze) Infesting Pechay (Brassica rapa L.) in La Trinidad, Benguet
Authors: Sagario Jay R.
Published: February 2025

The study evaluated five management strategies against flea beetle infesting pechay varieties in terms of population, degree of crop injury, yield, and yield loss, determined the degree of efficacy and contribution of the treatments against flea beetle, and compared the return on investment (ROI) of the different management strategies employed. The study was conducted in La Trinidad, Benguet in 2021. Results revealed that while management strategies have a significant influence on the degree of injury by flea beetles (23% or slight in Black Behi and 30% or moderate in Cherokee), no positive interaction was traced in all major parameters used. Untreated plants showed even comparable injuries with those installed with physical barriers such as sticky traps, row covers, and sweeping. Insecticide spraying gave the greatest contribution as a single management strategy in both Black Behi and Cherokee varieties; however, netting gave the highest control contribution. For combination treatments, sweeping + netting gave the highest contribution of control but sweeping + row cover contributed the least to flea beetle pest control. Further, netting gave the highest ROI in Black Behi followed by sweeping + netting, while insecticide use resulted in the lowest gain. On the other hand, Cherokee had the highest ROI under sweeping + netting, closely followed by netting, while the lowest ROI was obtained from sweeping + row cover. Netting has contributed much in decreasing the insect population and degree of injury regardless of variety; however, the use of Black Behi without any applied treatments is still the most practical way in pechay production.
Effective Density of Lure Trap Against Coffee Berry Borer Infesting Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica Linn.) in Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Das-ilen Gemma S. , Dumpayan Hazzel Kith B. , Ligat Bonie S.
Published: February 2025

One major insect pest of Arabica coffee is coffee berry borer (CBB) which was recorded present in Benguet Arabica coffee farms. Previous study revealed that 28 to 47% of these farms were infested with CBB in 2011 to 2014. The management of CBB using lure trap was found effective in other coffee producing countries but yet to be proven locally. This study evaluated the use of lure trap in Arabica coffee farms in Atok and La Trinidad, Benguet in 2018. This study aimed to determine the appropriate number of lure traps per 50 coffee trees. Specifically, to determine the duration of methanol and ethanol lure solution in the traps, population of coffee berry borer trapped, and the effect of lure traps on the percent infestation of coffee berries. Results showed that the duration of the methanol: ethanol lure solution differed in the two locations with the lure solution lasting longer in La Trinidad. The use of 4 lure traps per 50 trees recorded the highest population of adult female CBB trapped in both locations. Meanwhile, the percent infestation was lowest with the use of 4 lure traps per 50 trees in Atok. Therefore, it is recommended to use 4 lure traps per 50 coffee trees to Arabica coffee production areas similar to Atok, Benguet conditions against CBB. Results of the study could serve as basis for further research on the use of methanol: ethanol lure trap in managing CBB in different Arabica coffee production areas.
Psychological Vulnerabilities and Mental Health Measures of the iGeneration Students
Authors: Ngina Karryl Mae C. , Ngiao Liza A. , Lubrica Joel V. , Grande Editha A.
Published: February 2025

This study looked into the psychological vulnerabilities such as depression, anxiety, stress, and self-harming behavior of iGeneration students. The scales used were the DASS-21 scale and the Self-harm Inventory among the iGeneration in a Philippine local university. The baseline data were then used to develop curriculum interventions for selected general education subjects to address the mental health needs of the respondents. On the other hand, life skills and mental health protective behaviors of the iGeneration were analyzed as variables that need to be strengthened in local mental health programs. Notable results show that the mental health needs of the iGeneration are very apparent, especially in terms of their anxiety level where the majority of the respondents were under severe to extremely severe levels. An alarming result is that almost half of the respondents admitted to engaging in self-harming behaviors. Also, around 7% of the 1548 respondents admitted having attempted suicide. On the other hand, only 10% of the surveyed respondents were seeking professional mental health care. For the respondents’ main source of social support, family and friends are the topmost support followed by school and relatives. Only a few had identified religious groups and community groups serve as a source of social support. Also, life skills in communication and interpersonal relations, creative and critical thinking, and decision-making are the top three priority sets of life-skills identified. With such a scenario, it is crucial to enhance and improve collaborative mental health care initiatives for students.
Users’ Satisfaction on the Online Services of Benguet State University - University Library and Information Services During the Pandemic
Authors: Dalilis Diana Faith F. , Ito Krizabbel J. , Cabbigat Kayrelle Joy C. , Antonio Joanne T. , Madagsen Joan G. , Estrada Joanna Marie M. , Paltiyan Jewbieleyo A.
Published: February 2025

The online services of academic libraries have made the library a one-stop center for the university's teaching, learning, and research activities during the pandemic. A library is functional if it can satisfy its users' information needs. This descriptive-survey study aimed to assess users' level of satisfaction on the online library services of Benguet State University during the Pandemic. The study focused on the undergraduate students of Benguet State University, La Trinidad, Benguet. Mean, rank, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to treat data. Results showed that the Benguet State University-University Library and Information Services online services, which are: online reference, electronic document delivery, information dissemination through Facebook, YouTube, WordPress, Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC), and online resources met the needs and expectations of its users during the Pandemic. When grouped in terms of college, significant differences were identified between the Online Reference Service and OPAC, with a particularly high significant difference noted for the Electronic Document Delivery Service.
Life in the Dumps: Experiences of Garbage Collectors at Irisan Dumpsite, Baguio City
Authors: Estonanto Thalia Marie T.
Published: February 2025

This qualitative case study delves into the daily routines, health hazards, and safety precautions of garbage collectors at Irisan Dumpsite to fully understand their experiences. Using a case study research design and qualitative approach, the study fills existing gaps in the literature about blue-collar workers' perspectives, particularly in the context of trash management. The daily routines of waste collectors at Irisan Dumpsite were revealed, depicting a difficult and frequently dangerous situation. The study examines the health risks linked with their profession, emphasizing the absence of insurance coverage, insufficient protective equipment, and exposure to harmful materials. Garbage collectors use safety precautions such as jackets, raincoats, facemasks, safety gloves, boots, headlamps, and personal hygiene routines to reduce dangers and protect their well-being. The case study methodology offers a contextual and in-depth insight into six garbage collectors' lives, providing light on the obstacles they face daily, their job performance, and their impact on their families. The paper recommends legislative measures to improve garbage collectors' working conditions and shift cultural perspectives, including full insurance coverage, equitable distribution of safety equipment, and public awareness initiatives. This study adds greatly to understanding the oftenoverlooked lives of garbage collectors in the waste management system by providing practical and context-specific information.
Temperature and Vibration Monitoring System on Electric Motors From Wireless Remote Control Using Blynk App
Authors: Dwi Santoso Agus , Eka Mahendra Dani , Dirhamsyah Dirhamsyah
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to create a device that can track the temperature and vibration of an electric motor. It has two sensors: a thermocouple sensor and a piezoelectric sensor. When the electric motor is operating, the device displays digital data in the form of numbers on the monitor screen wirelessly. This research shows that the electric motor can be effectively monitored remotely. The Blynk app can connect with the unit within 0-200 meters without any obstacles.  However, if the unit is blocked by a barrier, the distance that can be covered by the Blynk application is 0-160 meters. The test results show that the average electric motor temperature measured is 31.7°C, and the percentage of error value obtained is -1.01%.
Effect of Heat Treatment and 1,5% Magnesium Addition on Density, Hardness, and Tensile Strength of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys
Authors: Junipitoyo Bambang , Said Djamaaludin , Dwiyanto Dwiyanto
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on adding aluminum 1100 combinations by adding magnesium (Mg) as much as 1.5% and varying the percentage of copper (Cu). 3.9%, 4.1%, 4.3%/ with heat treatment at temperatures of 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, and 4000C  with a holding time at each temperature of 120 minutes, then tested the aluminum combination's density, Vickers hardness, and tensile strength. The final results of this study showed that in the density test, the highest density value obtained was 4.24 gr/cm3 in a mixture of 1.5% magnesium and 4.3% copper (Cu) with a temperature of 2000C. In the Vickers hardness test, the highest hardness value was 83.9 HVN in a mixture of 1.5% magnesium and 4.3% copper with a temperature of 4000C. The final result of the research conducted was to obtain the tensile strength results of each specimen by obtaining the maximum tensile strength of the 4.1% Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 4000C of 163.2698 Mpa and the highest strain value in the 4.3% Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 4000C of 0.0472 %, for the results of the lowest elastic modulus value in the 4.3% Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 2000C of 3147.319 Mpa and the highest value of the 4.1 % Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 4000C of 5947.898 Mpa.
Feasibility Analysis of Roof PLTS Development For Electricity Fulfillment at Station
Authors: Rachman Natriya Faisal , Firdhous Cahya
Published: February 2025

Lemah Abang Station is a station located in Cikarang, this station is used for Cikarang-Cikampek, Cikarang-Purwakarta trips and KRL trips. To support the general national energy plan (RUEN) through Presidential Regulation No.79 of 2014, the Government of Indonesia has set a policy of increasing the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix to 23% by 2025. To support this effort, PLN's electrical power is converted to solar panels. This can be seen from the abundant solar energy potential in Cikarang, namely 5,040 Kwh/m2/day with a total duration of 2-9 hours of solar radiation per day. The solar panels that will be made have a capacity of 20 kWp using 48 units of 450Wp solar panels. Other components needed are a 20 kW inverter, 8 12V 200Ah batteries, kWh Exim, Solar Charger. Based on the economic analysis, the cheapest energy cost is 1762/kWh. In addition, the investment analysis for the construction of solar panels with the NPV, IRR, PI, and DPP methods is declared feasible to be carried out.
Behavior of precast concrete beam and slab elements under service conditions using LISA FEA
Authors: Wahyudi Efendi Aco
Published: February 2025

Development has increased massively after the announcement of the IKN area in the area, one of which is the construction of a jetty to accommodate logistics for construction work from infrastructure and facilities to support road, bridge and building construction activities in the IKN area. In this research, we explore how to construct the IKN dock in a timely manner so that it may be utilized appropriately. Researchers perform an examination of the behavior of precast beams and jetty floor slab to acquire stress values and deformations that occur in the process of working methods when installed, casting implementation, and dock service circumstances when using this precast technique. The usage of precast is analyzed utilizing micro software analysis of the finite element technique, namely LISA FEA V.8, to create stress hues behavior that happens. From the results of the modeling simulation above, it can be seen that the largest dominant stress distribution occurs on the side of the beam ear meeting with the deck slab/half slab, the stress occurs according to the working method step between 1.774 MPa in the condition of the slab being installed and increases when the implementation of wet concrete casting becomes 2.567 MPa and when the service condition, the stress again increases to 9,258 MPa.
Autorizações administrativas no setor de transportes de passageiros no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Justino de , Pereira Gabriela Lima
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo visa compreender como as autorizações administrativas no setor de transportes rodoviários de passageiros podem ser operadas no Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, partindo de uma descrição do estado da arte da autorização em nível federal, investigou-se e analisou-se o julgamento conjunto das ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade 5549 e 6270 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, bem como o novo marco regulatório desenvolvido pela Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (Resolução nº 6033/2023). Na sequência, foi descrito o estado da arte do tema no Estado de São Paulo, analisando-se o objeto da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade 7364, movida em face dos Decretos estaduais 29.912/1989 e 29.913/1989, bem como o conteúdo do Projeto de Lei Complementar Estadual 56/2023 e o atual posicionamento da agência reguladora estadual. Ao final, elaborou-se capítulo de natureza propositiva, a fim de lançar referenciais para a implantação de um modelo de autorizações rodoviárias no território paulista que possa ser utilizado como estudo de caso a ser replicado em outros entes federados.
Latvian Cyber Workforce of Tomorrow: Closing the Gap
Authors: Pirta Rūta , Veigurs Matīss
Published: February 2025

Cybersecurity is a growing multidisciplinary job cluster in the labour market that nowadays goes beyond information technology specialists. This research paper explores the current situation and emerging gaps in cybersecurity education and employment in Latvia, specifically looking at future skills and strategies advancing human performance in the field. In the context of growing cybersecurity regulation in Europe, the workforce shortage will only increase. The research was performed by evaluating Latvian education offerings against cybersecurity competence models and skills frameworks, engaging with three focus groups of industry, governance, and education experts, and surveying organisations that require cybersecurity specialists. The study shows that organizations lack several cybersecurity roles, with the biggest emphasis on digital forensics investigators, cybersecurity architects and cybersecurity researchers. In terms of the missing competencies, organizations highlight digital forensics and cyber threat intelligence. It was concluded that cybersecurity education in Latvia is fragmented and lacks a dedicated national coordinating body. Education gaps are often filled by employers, and future education offerings should be created in close coordination with industry partners.
ANKRD5: a key component of the axoneme required for sperm motility and male fertility
Authors: Yu Shuntai , Yin Guoliang , Jin Peng , Zhang Weilin , Tian Yingchao , Xu Xiaotong , Shao Tianyu , Li Yushan , Sun Fei , Zhu Yun , Wang Fengchao
Published: February 2025

Sperm motility is crucial for male reproduction and relies on the structural integrity of the sperm axoneme, which has a “9+2” microtubule configuration. This structure includes nine outer microtubule doublets that house various macromolecular complexes. The nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) forms a crossbridge between the outer microtubule doublets, stabilizing them and facilitates sperm tail bending. Our investigation of ANKRD5, which is highly expressed in the sperm axoneme, reveals its interaction with TCTE1 and DRC4/GAS8, both key components of the N-DRC. The components of the N-DRC are often vital for sperm motility. ANKRD5
-/-
mice exhibited reduced sperm motility and male infertility; however transmission electron microscopy and cryoelectron tomography showed no significant alterations in microtubule doublets. Moreover, ANKRD5 deficiency did not affect ATP levels, and its interactions with TCTE1 and DRC4/GAS8 were found to be independent of calcium regulation. These findings establish that ANKRD5 is critical for maintaining axoneme stability, which is important for sperm motility.
Factors influencing indicators of pregnancy and childbirth intention among female university students in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Shin Gisoo
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators among female university students in South Korea, where the lowest-worldwide fertility rate is a critical issue.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 646 female university students in Korea. The tools used in this study included measures of participants' demographic and physiological characteristics, pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators, right to self-determination, perceived stress, and intolerance of uncertainty.Results: Factors influencing pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators included age, expected pregnancy age, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status, and self-determination, and the explanatory power of this model was 29.2%.Conclusion: Pregnancy and childbirth intention indicators were influenced by age, HPV vaccination, expected pregnancy age, and self-determination. These findings suggest that health-related factors such as HPV vaccination and the right to self-determination are critical determinants. Based on these results, this study provides evidence regarding the need for policy and educational interventions that support decision-making related to pregnancy and childbirth.
The mountain papaya may be a possible reservoir of the Kashmir bee virus
Authors: Faúndez-Acuña Jorge Y. , Verdugo Diego , Vergara David , Olivares Gerardo , Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Quiroz Karla , Villarroel Carlos A. , González Gloria
Published: February 2025

Background

The Kashmir bee virus (KBV) infects many species of Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps, and other pollinators, potentially contributing to honeybee population declines. KBV can cause death of bees. KBV can infect through both vertical transmission (from queen to larvae and vice versa) and horizontal transmission (via food contamination). Plants pollinated by bees may be a source of horizontal transmission, through fecal contamination of pollen and flowers by infected pollinators, both intra- and interspecifically. Pollinated plants constitute a source of KBV intra- and inter-species horizontal transmission, particularly by the contamination of pollen and flowers by feces of KBV-infected pollinators.

Result

We test for the presence of KBV sequences in the transcriptomes of Vasconcellea pubescens, a commercially valuable plant species known as mountain papaya. We mapped transcriptomes from fruit, leaves, and root tissues to the KBV reference genome with 91% coverage, from which we produced a consensus sequence denominated Kashmir bee virus ch. phylogenetic analysis revealed that KBV-Ch shares 97% nucleotide identity with the reference genome, and groups with other KBV strains isolated from Spain, Chile and New Zealand.
Spatial and temporal trends in dung beetle research
Authors: Hemmings Zac , Evans Maldwyn J. , Andrew Nigel R.
Published: February 2025

Dung beetles are one of the most charismatic animal taxa. Their familiarity as ecosystem service providers is clear, but they also play a range of roles in a variety of different ecosystems worldwide. Here, we give an overview of the current state of dung beetle research and the changes in the prevalence of topics in a collated corpus of 4,145 peer-reviewed articles of dung beetle research, spanning from 1930 until 2024. We used a range of text-analysis tools, including topic modelling, to assess how the peer-reviewed literature on dung beetles has changed over this period. Most of the literature is split into three distinct, but related discourses–the agri/biological topics, the ecological topics, and the taxonomic topics. Publications on the ‘effect of veterinary chemicals’ and ‘nesting behaviour’ showed the largest drop over time, whereas articles relating to ‘ecosystem function’ had a meteoric rise from a low presence before the 2000’s to being the most prevelant topic of dung beetle research in the last two decades. Research into dung beetles is global, but is dominated by Europe and North America. However, the research from South America, Africa, and Australia ranges wider in topics. Research in temperate and tropical mixed forests, as well as grasslands, savanna and shrublands dominated the corpus, as would be expected from a group of species directly associated with large mammals. Our assessment of dung beetle research comes when ecosystem service provision is becoming more important and more dominant in the literature globally. This review therefore should be of direct interest to dung beetle researchers, as well as researchers working in agricultural, ecological, and taxonomic arenas globally. Research worldwide and across agri/biological, ecological, and taxonomic discourses is imperative for a continued understanding of how dung beetles and their ecosystem services are modified across rapidly changing natural and agricultural landscapes.
Rhamnolipids bio-production and miscellaneous applications towards green technologies: a literature review
Authors: Kabeil Sanaa S.A. , Darwish Amira M.G. , Abdelgalil Soad A. , Shamseldin Abdelaal , Salah Abdallah , Taha Heba A.I.M. , Bashir Shimaa Ismael , Hafez Elsayed E. , El-Enshasy Hesham Ali
Published: February 2025

Growing attention towards rhamnolipids (RLs) biosurfactants with antibacterial, antifungal, antivirus and antitumor potentials encourage future research in biotechnology and biomedicine fields. Economic production from waste materials, biodegradability and low toxicity makes RLs perform as green molecules that serve in sustainability and green technologies. This review aims to focus on bioproduction, detection and applications of rhamnolipids in pharmaceuticals, soil bioremediation, agriculture and food industries in addition to future perspectives. This will help to shed light on and update the existing knowledge of feasible and sustainable biosurfactant production depending on the fermentation processes.
A Review on Structures and Methods of Synthesis of ZnO NPs with a Focus on Cost-Effectiveness and Availability for Various Applications
Authors: Alizada Abdul Majid , Zahir Abdul Manan , Matin Zainullah , Halimi Mila Joya , Joya Muhammad Babur
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology focuses on the creation and application of materials at the nanoscale, where nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical properties due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio. Among these, zinc oxide (ZnO) based nanomaterials have gained significant attention due to the abundance of zinc and the ease of integrating ZnO into various nanostructures. Since the advent of nanoscience, ZnO has been widely utilized in fuel cells, solar cells, water purification, and biomedical applications, existing in diverse forms such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanofibers. ZnO nanoparticles, in particular, have attracted extensive research interest due to their wide bandgap and exceptional exciton binding energy, which contribute to their enhanced optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Compared to their bulk counterparts, ZnO nanoparticles offer superior performance while reducing material consumption and production costs. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis techniques, structural characteristics, and diverse applications of ZnO nanoparticles, highlighting recent advancements and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria from Soil in Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Shrivastava Ayushi , Dash Diptimayee
Published: February 2025

Waste mainly contains cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose and among them cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth, playing a vital role in the structural integrity of plant cells. They are structurally difficult to break which result in their accumulation affecting environment. Biological method involving certain microorganisms, notably cellulose-degrading bacteria is considered as a sustainable method to combat such problems. In this current research work, isolation and characterization of cellulose-degrading bacteria was carried out to evaluate their cellulose-degrading efficiency. Isolation was carried out from dump area and forest soil using CMC agar media plating. Cellulase degrading ability was screened on the basis of halo zone formation by isolates which was performed using Congo red and NaCl solution as staining agent in CMC plate. Out of all, 4 potential isolates were screened and their hydrolytic capacity ranged from 1.2-2.0.  Bacterial characterization was done by following Bergey’s manual of determination. All the isolates were found negative for citrate test whereas they had mixed result for other biochemical characters. Isolate GNR-1 and S-17 showed gram positive reaction whereas isolate S-15 and SG-1 showed negative gram reaction.  Isolate; GNR-1 & S-17 were found positive reaction for catalase assay. Their morphological study was also carried out that shows variations among all the isolates. The applications of these bacteria in waste management are quite useful, highlighting their potential for improving sustainability.