bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Analysis of the Electromyographic Fatigue of the Masticatory Muscles
Authors: Gonçalves Ligia Maria Napolitano , Siéssere Selma , Cecilio Flávia Argentato , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecilio , de Vasconcelos Paulo Batista , Júnior Wilson Marques , Regalo Isabela Hallak , Palinkas Marcelo , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak
Published: November 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic degenerative disease that affects motor neurons, thereby promoting functional changes in the human body. The study evaluated the electromyographic fatigue threshold of the masseter and temporal muscles of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A total of eighteen subjects were divided into two groups: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n=9) and disease-free control (n=9). The groups were equally divided according to gender (7 males, 2 females). The fatigue threshold was analysed using median frequencies obtained during the 5-second window (initial [IP], mid [MP], and final [FP] periods) of electromyographic signalling of the masseter and temporal muscles bilaterally, with reduction in muscle force during maximal voluntary dental clenching. Significant difference (p<0.05) in the left temporal muscle: IP (p=0.05) and MP (p=0.05) periods was demonstrated. The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis group showed a decrease in median frequency of the electromyographic signal of the masseter and temporal muscles compared to the control group. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis promotes functional impairment of the stomatognathic system, especially at the electromyographic fatigue threshold of the masticatory muscles.
‘There’s a pandemic coming, get yourselves some tablets’: Lessons from the pandemic on a community of practice approach to learning technology diffusion
Authors: Bridge Christopher , Loch Birgit , Bell Carolyn , Thompson Belinda , Horey Dell , Julien Brianna , Agolli Julia
Published: November 2022

A well-planned program for disseminating good practice in teaching with tablet computers within a large science, health and engineering faculty of an Australian university fortuitously came to fruition just in time for the switch to emergency remote teaching triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. For teachers in disciplines which rely on symbolic representation systems and hand-sketched diagrams, the tablets proved indispensable in overcoming the challenges of teaching under pandemic conditions. Our dissemination strategy was based on an initial phase of voluntary adoption supported by a well-resourced, academic-led community of practice, alongside the establishment of a library of some 80 devices. Using analyses of loan records, a survey of tablet borrowers, and in-depth interviews, we investigate the diffusion pathways of the decision to adopt, as well as tablet teaching know-how. We draw the preliminary conclusion that our community of practice approach to dissemination has wider applicability beyond our pandemic experience.
Technology’s Role in Inclusive Work-Integrated Learning for Students with a Disability
Authors: Dollinger Mollie , Finneran Rachel
Published: November 2022

As highlighted through the COVID-19 pandemic, technology plays a key role towards the goal of equitable higher education. In this paper, we focus on the role of technology in supporting inclusive work-integrated learning (WIL) placements for students with a disability. We present three student vignettes, generated from survey data of the perceptions and experiences of students with a disability in WIL (n=132). We used these vignettes in follow-up focus groups (6 focus groups, n=27) which explored students’ ideas on how technology could better support students. From our data, we discuss students’ conceptualisations of how potential technological solutions could improve WIL, across both the mode of WIL offered (e.g., online), but also towards supporting deeper relationships and improving the personalisation of WIL. We conclude by recommending greater collaboration between WIL practitioners and learning technologists to explore the role of technology in creating inclusive WIL experiences.
Calendar Connections
Authors: Taleo Wendy
Published: November 2022

Can collaborative creativity help to connect digital practitioners with each other and enhance their well-being? In order to answer this we undertook a piece of qualitative research. Using bricolage as our methodology, we surveyed participants of a collaborative creative project and used grounded theory in order to categorise the responses. In order to illustrate our findings and better explain the nature of the creative project, we share some of the artwork and music that was created by participants as part of this project. We conclude that as well as enhancing well-being, this creative endeavour also added to the personal learning of these participants.
Fostering connections for professional identity formation: two case studies of Discord discipline-focused communities
Authors: Heinrich Eva , Carvalho Lucila
Published: November 2022

This research focusses on the links between online communication environments in university teaching contexts and supporting students in their professional identity formation. The online communication environments studied have been formed with Discord (https://discord.com) to complement the learning management system by providing informal chat-based environments. These environments can be easily maintained beyond semester limitations and membership is independent of enrolment status with the teaching institution. The first of two case studies is situated in the disciplines of computer science, information technology, mathematics, and statistics. A Discord community of current and past students and academics has been active for over three years. This community has developed organically and provides students with a variety of support – for specific courses and for their disciplines more generally, for making connections with others, and for gaining insights into their future professions. The second case study examines the introduction of Discord in support of a second-year veterinary sciences course. The learning design of the course aims at connecting knowledge to practice, and at helping students to understand the links between course content and professional work. Discord was introduced as a first step towards establishing an online community of students, academics and veterinary professionals. In interviews with students (first case study) and academics (second case study) the links between the Discord communities and professional identity formation are examined.
Life after COVID-19: same-same or different relationships?
Authors: Warner Audrea , Barker Sandra , White Amanda , Suri Harsh
Published: November 2022

Relationships with our students and each other have changed over the past two years with the necessary changes to teaching and learning enforced by the COVID-19 pandemic. A group of academics from business schools in Australia and New Zealand have been reviewing the impact of the changes to teaching and learning implemented over the past two years and consider what has worked, what has not, what changes can be built on and what practices need to be reconsidered. This paper concludes with a set of recommendations on how business academics can reconnect with each other and their students and how business schools can support this reconnection.
The Impact of Cognitive Load on Students’ Academic Writing: An Authorship Verification Investigation
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo , De Barba Paula
Published: November 2022

Automatic authorship verification is known to be a challenging machine learning task. In this paper, we examine the efficacy of an enhanced common n-gram profile-based approach to assist educational institutions to validate students' essays and assignments through their writing styles. We investigated the impact that essays with different cognitive load requirements have in students' writing styles, which may or may not impact authorship verification methods. A total of 46 undergraduate students completed six essays in a laboratory study. Although results showed small and mixed effects of the tasks differing in cognitive load on the different writing product metrics, students' essays and assignments texts contained features that remained stable across essays requiring different levels of cognitive load. These results suggest that our approach could be successfully used in authorship verification, potentially helping to address issues related to academic integrity in higher education settings.
Demonstrating cultural diversity and inclusivity in selecting academics in higher education in Australia
Authors: Dave Kashmira
Published: November 2022

Benefits of a diversified workforce is undeniable. This paper outlines research in progress into racial, cultural and gender influence on the selection processes of academic positions in higher education in Australia. We argue that a genuine aim of cultural diversity and inclusivity among students needs to be preceded and demonstrated by the same goal in selecting academics in higher education. This work is important as there is no study in Australia on how the university's academic selection is influenced by the decision-maker's personal and organisational characteristics and belief systems. This research aims to collect data from the university employees who have been interviewed for academic positions and from staff who have served on selection panels. The research will employ a survey followed by optional semi-structured interviews. Descriptive and thematic analysis will be carried out on the survey data. The interview data will be analysed using verbal data analysis. The result of this research would provide insight into how the cultural, racial and gender identity of the candidate and members of selection panels influence the selection process in academic recruitment in Australian universities and thus demonstrate the aim of cultural diversity and inclusivity among academic staff and students.
Diverse definitions of engagement: Personalised learning analytics to support staff and students
Authors: Thoeming Alix , Baird Aaron , Weeks Ruth , Liu Danny , Flitcroft Harriet , Bridgeman Adam
Published: November 2022

Although teachers design learning experiences, their pedagogical and pastoral connections to students and teaching are often unaccounted for in learning analytics approaches. What is needed for analytics to reconnect teachers and students at a unit and program level, and help unit and program coordinators support those students who need it most? We present the approaches and findings from a pilot initiative where a freely available learning analytics platform allowed unit coordinators to define their own contextually unique measures of engagement and allowed program coordinators to see across units. We discuss the forms of outreach afforded by the initiative, the support provided to coordinators, and the implications of learning analytics that are not one-size-fits-all on using data meaningfully to support human connection.
A peer community approach to research education: A case study of a student-initiated online community
Authors: Ho Erica
Published: November 2022

This paper reports the trends and challenges of research education in Australia, and presents a case study of a student-initiated community for Higher Degree Research (HDR) students at a public university. The study aims to determine whether an online Community of Practice (CoP) has developed among HDR students without any design effort from the university, and whether the community helped HDR students achieve connectedness without face-to-face interactions. The results indicate that the community is a spontaneous, distributed, small but diverse HDR CoP within a faculty. Feedback from the members show that the technology employed in the community is appropriate for peer communication, knowledge sharing and collaboration in the CoP, but technical problems on the communication technology could discourage members’ engagement and participation. The findings also reveal that length of the membership has a statistically significant impact on HDR student connectedness, but technology satisfaction and virtual mode do not.
Educational Designer social influence: changing teaching and learning practice
Authors: D'Souza Ingrid , Luu Julie , Cui Tristan
Published: November 2022

In the current neoliberal agenda, universities require Educational Designers (EDs) to establish influence and ensure the improvements in education for the benefit of graduates. The preservation of high-quality teaching is fundamental in connecting educators with students, which was crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the influence of EDs on affecting a change in teaching practice has not been adequately explored. This case study collected qualitative survey responses from seventeen EDs in one Australian university, and used inductive thematic analysis to explore how they attempted to influence academics to change teaching practices. Results indicated a definitive need to collaborate with academics to implement the desired changes. Moreover, strong professional relationships with academics, effective communication, and creating a favourable environment were important to the EDs’ influence attempts. Cultural challenges within the university was an interesting discovery regarding influence capability. These findings provide key insights into how EDs support a change in educational practice within the university environment.
Re-imagining referencing with interactivity
Authors: Schwenger Bettina , Kam Monica , Warner Audrea
Published: November 2022

As educators we have grappled with strategies to teach referencing, a fundamental of digital information fluency. Despite a myriad of resources, errors are common and recurring (Jorgensen & Marek, 2013). Students frequently receive static information on referencing and no immediate feedback.
This paper reflects on the development and evaluation of online resources for explicitly teaching APA referencing in the Faculties of Arts, Business and Science. We designed H5P resources that integrate into individual courses to encourage interactivity (Singleton & Charlton, 2019) and provide feedback for self-assessment (Nicol & Mcfarlane-Dick, 2006). According to Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick’s seven principles of good feedback practice, good referencing practices were first explained, before students were given an opportunity to practice those skills. This was followed by detailed automated feedback. Student performance is recorded so that teachers can begin dialogues and use feedback to improve teaching.
The methodological approach taken aligns with Educational Design Research that aims to address real-life-learning issues through various cycles. Pre-interviews with teaching staff gave a better understanding of the expectations, support and students’ issues in referencing. Following these, students could access the tool and complete a questionnaire about their experiences. LMS and H5P analytics data added another dimension to quantitatively gauge engagement. Focus groups and interviews were conducted to ascertain the effectiveness and identify suggestions. 
The qualitative data results in rich descriptions. The data was analysed in an open-coding approach (Saldana, 2013) for themes that emerged in response to the main questions asked. Student voices provided evidence of identified themes and were indicators of the overall results. Staff insights about the challenges aligned with preliminary results that tertiary students’ previous APA referencing experiences are variable. LMS analytics showed good engagement and students completed the module in about 27 minutes.
Feedback from the trial highlighted the benefits of interactivity and immediate feedback and led to amendments of the online resources. Participants commented, for example, “more practical activities”, and liked the final quiz for its instant feedback. As a result, additional activities were integrated.  Some emerging themes from the trial were the relevance, consistency and practicality of the resources and indicated students’ willingness to use them for self-study.  Feedback in Semester 1 confirmed those themes. From this round of feedback, the usefulness of the resources was highlighted. The evidence of effectiveness is summed up in that all participants would recommend the tool to peers.
As tool development continues, we will present up-to-date data. Further, we consider how these tools might support more faculties and institutions, extending this research to include a suite of referencing resources.
The Activity-Centred Analysis and Design framework – learning to connect theory, design and practice
Authors: Carvalho Lucila , Yeoman Pippa , Green Jenny
Published: November 2022

The Activity-Centred Analysis and Design framework has been used to analyse and design a broad range of complex learning situations in universities, schools, museums, and informal settings. This workshop is an invitation to practically engage in innovative educational design, considering how an assemblage of elements – learning tasks, digital and material resources, and people – can be brought together to support productive learning activity. Participants will discuss the application of pedagogical concepts using a set of cards that were specifically created to prompt conversations about design for learning. Working in groups, participants  will consider how their design choices align across scale levels, accommodate socio-cultural and socio-material approaches to learning, and support connection, collaboration and choice across diverse cohorts. The face-to-face half-day workshop will introduce participants to core ideas of the ACAD framework and wireframe, and a series of hands-on design challenges.
Dialogue in the classroom and in a peer-tutoring program: how do we connect and learn in online and face to face spaces?
Authors: Thibaut Patricia , Carvalho Lucila
Published: November 2022

University tutorials have been part of course design for decades. Tutorials often promote smaller group discussions, where students collaborate and connect to peers, arguably improving academic outcomes and supporting development of social skills. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, however, many challenges emerged on to how to move towards more cooperative forms of learning, how to support students’ connections to a learning community, whilst still maintaining social distancing. This article discusses students’ experiences of tutorial sessions implemented prior and after the pandemic, in a first-year course at a Chilean university. Overall results indicate that while there were no significant differences in students’ perceptions of learning from tutorials pre and during the pandemic, both groups experienced some opportunities and challenges which are discussed.
Factors Influencing Polytechnic Educators’ Behavioural Intentions to use Technology Enhanced Learning Tools: The Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Wei Ching Lee , Kwok David
Published: November 2022

This study examined factors that affect educators’ behavioural intention to use Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) tools in a polytechnic in Singapore. Five hundred and twenty-five educators completed a survey measuring their responses to six variables in the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study is related to the sub-theme of reconnecting people with educational technologies. Social and environmental constructs were included to measure the influence of other persons and the facilitating conditions on the educators’ intention to use (IU) TEL tools. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the research model. The results showed that attitude towards usage (ATU) of TEL tools was the dominant determinant of educators’ IU. Overall, attitude toward usage (ATU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), subjective norm (SN) and facilitating conditions (FC) explained 65.3% of the variance in IU. SN had positive and significant effects on PEU and PU, whereas FC significantly influenced PEU. Finally, the implications of findings for polytechnic educators are discussed in the paper.
Cloning and identification of the CTLA-4IgV gene and functional application of vaccine in Xinjiang sheep
Authors: Kong Huifang , Zhao Shangqi , Zheng Jia , Liu Bin , Zhou Yanxia , Li Yanmin , Zhou Wentao , Zhou Xiaotao
Published: November 2022

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an important surface molecule of activated T cells that has a strong affinity with the B7 molecule on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Among these molecules, the CTLA-4 extracellular region (CTLA-4 IgV) may be used as a novel immune adjuvant molecule for delivering antigens and inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine and clone the extracellular region of Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4 (NM_001009214). The CTLA-4 IgV gene was amplified and ligated into the pMD19-T vector, and the positive bacteria were screened by blue-white spots for sequencing and comparison. The correctly sequenced CTLA-4 IgV was digested and then ligated into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a(+). The plasmid pET30a–CTLA-4 IgV was constructed to induce the expression of the recombinant protein CTLA-4 IgV. Thereafter, CTLA-4 IgV was identified. Clustal X multiple sequence alignment revealed that the protein sequence of Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4 IgV was different from that of the known CTLA-4 extracellular region. The 3D protein structure of Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4 IgV was constructed via the bioinformatics method. Subsequently, molecular docking between the Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4 IgV protein and the B7 molecule was conducted. Results revealed multiple binding sites in the extracellular region of Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4, and two multiple interactions ensured stable binding after docking. The functionality of the Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4 IgV protein was further verified by fusing the CTLA-4 extracellular V region with EgG1Y162, a protective protein fromEchinococcus granulosa, and the purified recombinant protein CTLA-4 IgV–EgG1Y162 was expressed with the mouse bone marrow-derived. The addition of the Xinjiang sheep CTLA-4 IgV protein at the amino terminus promoted the binding of EgG1Y162 to dendritic cells (DCs) and increased the maturation rate of these cells, further indicating that the protein could effectively improve the antigen presentation ability of DCs. The CTLA-4 extracellular domain protein of Xinjiang sheep is unique and has the potential to promote the presentation of the fusion protein by DCs as an adjuvant. The cloning and expression of this gene provide new measures and ideas for the preparation of the Xinjiang sheep vaccine to prevent zoonotic diseases.
Lot-to-lot variation and verification
Authors: Loh Tze Ping , Markus Corey , Tan Chin Hon , Tran Mai Thi Chi , Sethi Sunil Kumar , Lim Chun Yee
Published: November 2022

Lot-to-lot verification is an integral component for monitoring the long-term stability of a measurement procedure. The practice is challenged by the resource requirements as well as uncertainty surrounding experimental design and statistical analysis that is optimal for individual laboratories, although guidance is becoming increasingly available. Collaborative verification efforts as well as application of patient-based monitoring are likely to further improve identification of any differences in performance in a relatively timely manner. Appropriate follow up actions of failed lot-to-lot verification is required and must balance potential disruptions to clinical services provided by the laboratory. Manufacturers need to increase transparency surrounding release criteria and work closer with laboratory professionals to ensure acceptable reagent lots are released to end users. A tripartite collaboration between regulatory bodies, manufacturers, and laboratory medicine professional bodies is key to developing a balanced system where regulatory, manufacturing, and clinical requirements of laboratory testing are met, to minimize differences between reagent lots and ensure patient safety. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has served as a fertile platform for advancing the discussion and practice of lot-to-lot verification in the past 60 years and will continue to be an advocate of this important topic for many more years to come.
Ultrasonic-induced reversible blood–brain barrier opening: Safety evaluation into the cellular level
Authors: Wang Mengxin , Guo Shuyuan , Lin Bingling , Lv Tao , Zhang Zhuxia , Hu Die , Hu Azhen , Xu Bingxuan , Qi Yulong , Liu Li , Cheng Guanxun , Chen Yun , Zheng Tingting
Published: November 2022

An important function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is to protect the central nervous system and maintain its homeostasis, but it is also a major barrier to the intervention and treatment of neurological diseases. Our study aimed at opening the BBB using a noninvasive method, focused ultrasound, screening for 16 different parameter combinations of frequency, peak voltage (Ppeak) and irradiation time. Comparing the results of hematoxylin–eosin staining, serum oxidative damage factor and TUNEL staining under various conditions, we obtained a parameter combination that did not lead to oxidative stress injury and apoptosis: 0.8 mHz + 900 mVpp + 90 s. It will be used as a safety parameter for BBB opening treatment of Parkinson’s disease in our subsequent experiments. In addition, the closing time after the BBB opening was verified in magnetic resonance imaging contrast examination and at the tissue level. It is worth mentioning that, different from previous studies, we focused on damage assessment at cellular and molecular levels.
Nitrogen removal characteristics of wet–dry alternative constructed wetlands
Authors: Chen Xinyong , Tian Zaifeng , Zhu Jing , Wu Yihong , Zhao Qi
Published: November 2022

Dry–wet alternate constructed wetland is an effective method to remove nitrogen elements in the tail water of sewage treatment plant. According to the reaeration mechanism of wet–dry alternative constructed wetland, the denitrification effect and influence characteristics of the dry–wet alternate constructed wetland on the tail water of sewage treatment plant were studied under low temperature. The results showed that the removal rates of each nitrogen element in the constructed wetland reached 20–40% with the dry–wet alternate time at 10°C. Under the influence of dry–wet alternation of constructed wetland, dissolved oxygen (DO) was significantly correlated with the dry–wet alternation time (p < 0.05), and DO was correlated with each nitrogen element removal rate (p < 0.05), which means constructed wetlands use alternate dry and wet operation, which can significantly affect the content of DO and nitrogen removal efficiency in constructed wetlands, providing a technical basis for regulating the operation effect of constructed wetland ecosystems.
Sunflower is the main oil crop in Ukraine
Authors: Chekhova Irina
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of production volumes and efficiency of sunflower cultivation in Ukraine. It is shown that sunflower occupies more than 70% of the total acreage under oil crops. Attention is focused on the fact that the dominance of sunflowers in the structure of the production of oil crops provides this crop with a special role in the agricultural market of Ukraine. The dynamics of sown areas, gross harvests and the level of productivity of sunflowers in Ukraine for the period 2018–2020 were analyzed. The effectiveness of sunflower production was studied in terms of forms of management of agrarian formations and by the amount of land in use. It has been established that the most effective cultivation of sunflowers is carried out by agricultural enterprises with a land area of more than 2 thousand hectares. Cost calculations and their structure for growing 1 ha of marketable sunflower in 2021 are presented. The volumes and structure of the directions of consumption of marketable sunflower seeds in Ukraine are shown. Practical recommendations for improving the process of sunflower production are proposed, taking into account the balance of supply and demand for marketable products.
Linear isomorphic spaces of Cesàro–Nörlund operator, their duals and matrix transformations
Authors: Singh Uday Pratap , Jasrotia Swati , Raj Kuldip
Published: November 2022

In this article, we introduce and study sequence spaces of Cesàro–Nörlund operators of order n associated with a sequence of Orlicz functions.
We obtain some topological properties and Schauder basis
of these sequence spaces. Moreover, we compute the α-, β- and γ-duals and the matrix transformations of these newly formed sequence spaces. Finally, we prove that these sequence spaces are of Banach–Saks type p and have a weak fixed-point property.
An iterative technique for solving split equality monotone variational inclusion and fixed point problems
Authors: Mewomo Oluwatosin Temitope , Ogbuisi Ferdinard Udochukwu
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an iterative algorithm for approximating the solution of the split equality monotone variational inclusion problem (SEMVIP) for monotone operators, which is also a solution of the split equality fixed point problem (SEFPP) for strictly pseudocontractive maps in real Hilbert spaces. We establish the strong convergence of the sequence generated by our iterative algorithm. Our result complements and extends some related results in literature.
Inverse problem for integro-differential Kelvin–Voigt equations
Authors: Khompysh Khonatbek , Nugymanova Nursaule K.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of a strong solution of the inverse problem of determining a coefficient of right-hand side of the integro-differential Kelvin–Voigt equation are investigated. The unknown coefficient that we search defends on space variables.
Additional information on a solution of the inverse problem is given here as an integral overdetermination condition. The original inverse problem is reduced to study an equivalent inverse problem with homogeneous initial condition. Then the equivalences of the last inverse problem to an operator equation of second kind is proved.
We establish the sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the operator equation of second kind.
A Hölder stability estimate for a 3D coefficient inverse problem for a hyperbolic equation with a plane wave
Authors: Klibanov Michael V. , Romanov Vladimir G.
Published: November 2022

A 3D coefficient inverse problem for a hyperbolic equation with
non-overdetermined data is considered. The forward problem is the Cauchy
problem with the initial condition being the delta function concentrated at a
single plane (i.e. the plane wave). A certain associated operator is written
in finite differences with respect to two out of three spatial variables,
i.e. “partial finite differences”. The grid step size is
bounded from below by a fixed number. A Carleman estimate is applied to
obtain, for the first time, a Hölder stability estimate for this
problem. Another new result is an estimate from below the amplitude
of the first term of the expansion of the solution of the forward problem
near the characteristic wedge.
Removal of pregnancy categories and likelihood of prescribing: a randomized trial
Authors: Robinson Angela , Futterman Itamar D. , Atallah Fouad , Weedon Jeremy , Chen Yi-Ju Amy , Apostol Radu , Minkoff Howard
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To assess the degree to which removal of FDA’ Pregnancy Categories (PC) of medications (A, B, C, and D) from labeling, affects the likelihood that providers will prescribe those medications.

Methods

Over a one-year period a convenience sample of providers was recruited into a randomized, survey-based, study. Two versions of the survey were randomly distributed; version 1 presented clinical vignettes, drug information, and PC, while version 2, presented the identical information without the PC. Respondents were asked to estimate their likelihood of prescribing the drug. A mixed linear model was constructed, with likelihood of prescription as the dependent variable, treated as interval-scaled.

Results

Out of 169 surveys given out, 162 (96%) were returned. Simple effects analysis showed that the presence of PC letter significantly affected the decision to prescribe category B (p<0.001) and C drugs (p=0.008) but not the A or D. Participants were significantly less likely to prescribe class B and C drugs when the letters were not available for review. These findings remained significant even when controlling for covariates (p=0.001).

Conclusions

When a PC letter is absent on labeling, physicians were less likely to use category B and C drugs, the most common medications prescribed in pregnancy.
Dictionaries as instruments of exclusion and inclusion: some South African dictionaries as case in point
Authors: Gouws Rufus H.
Published: November 2022

As utility tools dictionaries should convey data in an impartial way. Lexicographers should not impose either their subjective view or some prevailing ideologies on the users of the dictionary. This paper focuses on aspects of exclusion and othering in some South African dictionaries. Different types of exclusion in different types of dictionaries are shown but it is also shown how dictionaries contribute to processes of inclusion. The treatment of a single offensive racist word in different dictionaries is discussed and the lack of countering the insulting impact of the use of the word is criticized. A positive response to this problem by means of a policy for the treatment of sensitive words is also discussed.
Sprachliche Ausgrenzung in der Lexikographie des Tschechischen
Authors: Vachková Marie
Published: November 2022

The article describes in a chronological overview the lexicographical processing of the entry cikán (‘Gypsy’) and its derivatives which are now perceived as more or less discriminatory and establishes historical and political references. Central attention is directed to the dictionary articles from the Concise dictionary of the Czech language: the author explores the connections between the dictionary articles and the tenor of the excerpted material which is available online as a digitized card index. In this way one can partly determine to what extent one can infer an evidence of a prejudice that has accompanied the presence of the Sinti and Roma on the Bohemian / Czech or Moravian territory for centuries until today.
Critical buckling loads of embedded perforated microbeams with arbitrary boundary conditions via an efficient solution method
Authors: Uzun Büşra , Civalek Ömer , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür
Published: November 2022

In the present work, the small size effects on stability properties of perforated microbeams under various types of deformable boundary conditions are studied considering the Fourier sine series solution procedure and a mathematical procedure known as Stokes’ transformation for the first time. The main benefit of the present method is that, in addition to considering both the gradient elasticity and the size effects, the kinematic boundary conditions are modeled by two elastic springs as deformable boundary conditions. The deformable boundary conditions and corresponding stability equation are described using the classical principle which are then used to construct a linear system of equations. Afterward, an eigenvalue problem is adopted to obtain critical buckling loads. The correctness and accuracy of the present model are demonstrated by comparing results with those available from other works in the literature. Moreover, a numerical problem is solved and presented in detail to show the influences of the perforation properties, geometrical, and the variation of small-scale parameters and foundation parameters on the stability behavior of the microbeams. In addition, according to the best knowledge of the authors, there is no study in the literature that examines the buckling behavior of perforated microbeams on elastic foundation with the gradient elasticity theory.
Lab-NMDAR: simuladores de la electrofisiología básica del receptor NMDA
Authors: Reyes Monreal Marleni , Pérez Bonilla María Eugenia , Quintero Pérez Jessica , Reyes Lazalde Arturo , Flores Hernández Jorge
Published: November 2022

Es necesario el desarrollo de software educativo que permita la implementación de prácticas de laboratorio. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y desarrollo del programa Lab-NMDAR, constituido por tres simuladores para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la electrofisiología del receptor NMDA: (1) simulador NMDAR-Bloqueo Mg2+, (2) simulador NMDAR-Glicina y (3) simulador canal único NMDA-Bloqueo Mg2+. El programa se implementó en Visual Basic® para ambiente Windows®. Con estos simuladores el alumno conoce la corriente NMDA, reproduce su dependencia del voltaje, simula su bloqueo por magnesio en registros de corriente macroscópica y en canal único, determina la participación de NMDA y glicina en la activación del receptor NMDA y produce experimentos virtuales dosis-respuesta. El programa es de fácil manejo, se ejecuta en una computadora personal con el mínimo de recursos.
Mitophagy bridges DNA sensing with metabolic adaption to expand lung cancer stem‐like cells
Authors: Liu Zhen , Shan Shan , Yuan Zixin , Wu Fengying , Zheng Ming , Wang Ying , Gui Jun , Xu Wei , Wang Chunhong , Ren Tao , Wen Zhenke
Published: November 2022

While previous studies have identified cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) as a crucial driver for chemoresistance and tumor recurrence, the underlying mechanisms for populating the CSC pool remain unclear. Here, we identify hypermitophagy as a feature of human lung CSCs, promoting metabolic adaption via the Notch1‐AMPK axis to drive CSC expansion. Specifically, mitophagy is highly active in CSCs, resulting in increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in the lysosome. Lysosomal mtDNA acts as an endogenous ligand for Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) that promotes Notch1 activity. Notch1 interacts with AMPK to drive lysosomal AMPK activation by inducing metabolic stress and LKB1 phosphorylation. This TLR9‐Notch1‐AMPK axis supports mitochondrial metabolism to fuel CSC expansion. In patient‐derived xenograft chimeras, targeting mitophagy and TLR9‐dependent Notch1‐AMPK pathway restricts tumor growth and CSC expansion. Taken together, mitochondrial hemostasis is interlinked with innate immune sensing and Notch1‐AMPK activity to increase the CSC pool of human lung cancer.
Mental foramen as an indicator of patient’s gender, panoramic study in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammad Aldayel Abdullah , Almutairi Masad , Ali Alsuliaman Ghaida , Alnamnakani Eman Abdulbaset , Alfawzan Ahmed Ali
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Gender can be determined by numerous pieces of the skeleton structure. Mental foramen is one of the mandibular components that can demonstrate the gender. Aim of the study: to assess patient’s gender by analysis of mental foramen on panoramic radiograph in Qassim region. Method and material: A retrospective study was performed on 400 panoramic radiographs. 200 males and 200 females were included in this study. Panoramic radiograph machine was used in this study is (Soredex-cranex x- ray machine). Several lines measured in this study related to the mental foramen: 1-The distance from the alveolar crest of the mandible to the superior margin of mental foramen 2-The distance from the superior margin of mental foramen to lower border of the mandible 3-The distance from inferior margin of mental foramen to lower border of mandible. 4-The distance from inferior margin of mental foramen to alveolar crest of the mandible. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Statistical Package for Social the Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Chi-square test was applied to find the significant value and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as a significant value. Result: The average mean values in males were higher compared to females. When comparing right and left sides of the same individual, the values were similar in both groups except the distance from inferior margin of mental foramen to lower border of mandible in females left side which was higher than right side. Conclusion: Based on the data collected in this study, an increased value was seen for males on all parameters related to the mental foramen when compared to females. Whereas the mean value of right and left sides of the same individuals were similar related to the two groups. The distance from inferior margin of mental foramen to lower border of the mandible showed a signiﬁcant difference among females in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia.
The fundamental role of the exploration of the upper abdomen in ovarian cancer surgery
Authors: A Camargo , F Bianchi , D Habich , R Castaño
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Several studies have shown the benefit of cytoreductive surgery in advanced disease, that is why the residual tumor has prognostic value. Our primary objective was to determine the frequency of involvement of the upper abdomen, defined as the extension of the disease above the transverse colon (diaphragm, spleen, gallbladder, stomach, hepatic parenchyma, hepatic capsule, minor omentum, hepatic ilium, pancreas). Our secondary objective was to analyze the possibilities of complete cytoreduction in these patients, their complications and results. Materials and methods: We retrospectively include patients undergoing primary and secondary cytoreduction due to ovarian carcinoma between January 2008 and December 2012, in the gynecology department of the German Hospital. Results: One hundred and thirty nine patients with ovarian carcinoma were analyzed. An average age of 60 years (28-90). 91 of them with attempted primary cytoreduction and 48 secondary cytoreduction. In the group of primary cytoreductions we excluded 17 patients that were stages I and II, 20 (22%) of the 74 stages III-IV had upper abdomen involvement, 17 stages III and 3 stages IV. Those stage IV patients were only limited to hepatic intraparenchymal involvement. Of the 48 secondary cytoreductions, 21 (43%) presented upper abdominal involvement. Including both groups we have 30% of upper abdomen compromise. Complete or optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 56% of them. Conclusion: The exploration of the superior abdomen in ovarian cancer surgery is key, and the approach of this patients by a team of properly trained gynecologists is mandatory if we want to obtain better complete cytoreduction rates.
Genital tuberculosis in women, its complications and infertility
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez Victor Manuel
Published: November 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem with the highest death rate from any infection causing 1.5 million deaths in 2018. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation; extrapulmonary and genital tuberculosis are the second most common presentation with an increase in women of reproductive age. The symptoms of tuberculosis are nonspecific; furthermore, the microbiological tests available for diagnosis have low sensitivity; that cause a delay in diagnosis and treatment, causing irreversible organic damage that causes infertility in women, in some cases surgery is necessary; since it can simulate oncological processes, particularly ovarian cancer; that must be discarded before starting its management. Treatment with multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs lasts for a total of 6 months, the response is clinically evaluated after one month with imaging, Treatment of tuberculosis is prolonged, generally, its total duration is 6 months with the new anti-tuberculosis drugs and its response is evaluated clinically and by imaging. The epidemiology, symptoms, complications, such as infertility, its diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.
Cerebral venous thrombosis in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Wiszniewska Małgorzata , Włodarczyk Urszula
Published: November 2022

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare, multi-symptomatic, and serious complication in pregnancy. CVS constitutes 2% of the causes of strokes in pregnancy. The most common symptoms of cerebral venous thrombosis are: headaches (74%), seizures (50%), limb paresis (38%), disturbed consciousness (45%), visual disturbances (24%). We present our 28-year-old pregnant patient because the dominant symptom was hemi -choreoathetotic movement, which made the daily life very difficult. After the differential diagnostic examinations we recognized cerebral venous thrombosis. After anti-clotting treatment, the symptoms resolved. We would like to point out that such a disorder in pregnant women may also be a symptom of cerebral venous thrombosis.
Impact of bacterial vaginosis on the reproductive outcomes of IVF: meta-analysis
Authors: Johana Karin Santa María-Ortiz , Carmen Varillas Del Rio
Published: November 2022

History: Bacterial vaginosis has been seen to have a negative impact on the reproductive outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Aim: To determine its impact on the rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, early spontaneous miscarriage and live newborns. Data source: Bibliographic search according to PRISMA guidelines in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases. Eligibility criteria for the studies: The process for identifying and selecting studies is shown in the PRISMA flowchart. Evidence was evaluated according to the GRADE method. Subjects and interventions: Infertile women with IVF. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent or qPCR criteria. Evaluation of studies and summary methods: Forest plot, sensitivity analysis, funnel plots and evaluation of evidence according to GRADE. Results: A total of seven studies were included. We detected an overall statistically significant association with the rate of biochemical pregnancy (OR 0.55; 95%CI: 0.36-0.85; P=0.004) and rate of clinical pregnancy 0.43; 95%CI: 0.22-0.87; P=0.018). This was not the case for early spontaneous miscarriage (OR 1.13; 95%CI: 0.46-2.82; P=0.78) and rate of live newborns (OR 1.63; 95%CI: 0.61- 4.32; P=0.33). Limitations: Observational studies with a small sample and significant heterogeneity between them. Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis appears to have some impact on the rate of clinical and biochemical pregnancy achieved with IVF.
benefícios do PIBID para a formação dos graduandos em Ciências Biológicas de uma instituição de ensino superior de Uruçuí, Piauí
Authors: Maia Luís Henrique Ferreira , Rodrigues Rafaela dos Santos , Oliveira Mayara Danyelle Rodrigues de , Soares Maria Aparecida Vieira dos Santos
Published: November 2022

O Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) surgiu como uma possibilidade para melhorar a formação de professores da educação básica, inserindo discentes da primeira metade dos cursos de licenciatura no âmbito escolar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar as contribuições do PIBID para o aprimoramento da formação dos graduandos em ciências biológicas de uma instituição de ensino superior do Piauí, compreendendo como as experiências vivenciadas os ajudaram na aprendizagem docente. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários semiestruturados, aplicados na própria instituição de ensino superior em que se procedeu a análise quali-quantitativa do conteúdo obtido. Os principais benefícios manifestados pelos licenciandos entrevistados foram: ponte de ligação entre teoria e prática; aquisição de experiência; observação das possíveis dificuldades; desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de ensino; interação entre educação básica e superior e familiarização com o espaço escolar. A relevância do estudo se dá em desvendar o papel do PIBID no aperfeiçoamento da formação de professores que atuarão na educação básica das escolas públicas brasileiras e os impactos que o programa gera na qualidade do ensino público.