bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of whiteness metrics
Authors: Ma S , Wei M , Liang J , Wang B , Chen Y , Pointer M , Luo MR
Published: September 2016

Whiteness is an important characteristic for surface colour, which is affected by the spectral power distribution of the illumination due to the fluorescent whitening agents contained in many white objects. The CIE whiteness metric has been widely used but is known to have limitations. For example, the boundary noted by the metric is not considered large enough, because, in many cases, a surface whose chromaticity lies outside the boundary can still be perceived as white. Further, the metric is only defined to characterize the whiteness of a surface under CIE Illuminant D65, and thus it should not be applied in other lighting conditions or to other light sources. This paper describes a psychophysical study, investigating the whiteness of 50 samples (12 paper and 38 textile samples) under 12 lighting conditions with different levels of correlated colour temperature and ultraviolet radiation. An optimized whiteness metric and a boundary of the white region based on the CIE whiteness metric were derived from the results, which can be used to precisely measure the whiteness of a surface under any lighting condition and to guide spectral engineering for LED sources.
Unintended Reformations?
Authors: Aers David , Leo Russ
Published: September 2016

Brad Gregory's The Unintended Reformation: How A Religious Revolution Secularized Society (2012) is a book whose aspirations dovetail with the aims of the Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. The journal fosters scholarship that crosses current disciplines and their periodization of western history, that is both committed to historical research and attentive to the theoretical models shaping such research. Gregory's The Unintended Reformation not only meets this criteria but goes beyond by unfolding an immensely erudite narrative of modernity and its sources. It is a work on the ideological and historical origins of the contemporary western world. What makes it especially relevant to JMEMS is that it puts the Reformation at the center of its story: how has it come about that contemporary western people are no longer capable of rational deliberation, capable of resolving substantial moral disagreements? Gregory's account of how we have become what we are centers its genealogical answer on the European Reformation of the sixteenth century and on the influences and “unintended” consequences of this Reformation. And Gregory's concentration on the world historical significance of the Reformation continually glances at that which the agents of this Reformation sought to reform: the Christian church and culture of the Middle Ages. It is a work that compels us to dissolve conventional periodization. And it is a work by a historian who is also a moralist, which has elicited both enthusiastic affirmation and passionate opposition. This special issue contributes to ongoing discussion of issues raised in The Unintended Reformation that many in today's universities feel are crucial to debate.
Object approach computation by a giant neuron and its relation with the speed of escape in the crab Neohelice
Authors: Oliva Damián , Tomsic Daniel
Published: September 2016

Upon detection of an approaching object the crab Neohelice granulata continuously regulates the direction and speed of escape according to ongoing visual information. These visuomotor transformations are thought to be largely accounted for by a small number of motion-sensitive giant neurons projecting from the lobula (third optic neuropil) towards the supraesophageal ganglion. One of these elements, the monostratified lobula giant neurons of type 2 (MLG2), proved to be highly sensitive to looming stimuli (a 2D representation of an object approach). By performing in vivo intracellular recordings we assessed the response of the MLG2 neuron to a variety of looming stimuli representing objects of different sizes and velocities of approach. This allowed us: a) to identify some of the physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of the MLG2 activity and to test a simplified biophysical model of its response to looming stimuli; b) to identify the stimulus optical parameters encoded by the MLG2, and to formulate a phenomenological model able to predict the temporal course of the neural firing responses to all looming stimuli; c) to incorporate the MLG2 encoded information of the stimulus (in terms of firing rate) into a mathematical model able to fit the speed of the escape run of the animal. The agreement between the model predictions and the actual escape speed measured on a treadmill for all tested stimuli strengthens our interpretation of the computations performed by the MLG2 and of the involvement of this neuron in the regulation of the animal's speed of run while escaping from objects approaching with constant speed.
DESAFIO JOVEM DO CEARÁ: ADMINISTRAÇÃO POR OBJETIVOS EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO SEM FINS LUCRATIVOS
Authors: Almeida Marcos Bráulio de , Gomes Fatima Kattiana Coelho , Weersma Laodicéia Amorim , Pinheiro Helano Diógenes
Published: September 2016

Este é um Caso de Ensino sobre o Desafio Jovem do Ceará – Dr. Silas Munguba, uma Organização Não Governamental localizada em Fortaleza, no Estado do Ceará, a qual trabalha a prevenção e o tratamento ao uso indevido e abusivo de drogas. A acirradaconcorrência, diante da dinâmica dos mercados, tem imposto às organizações modelos de gestão eficazes e capazes de proporcionar vantagens competitivas. A implantação da Administração por Objetivos é uma alternativa gerencial amplamente utilizada tanto em empresas públicas quanto em organizações privadas e, recentemente, tem-se tornado recorrente em Organizações não Governamentais (ONGs) em busca de garantir a sustentabilidade. Porém, em um cenário de restrição financeira, deve-se perguntar se essas organizações, mesmo com a adoção de técnicas gerenciais, são capazes de dar respostas efetivas aos problemas sociais que lhe são delegadas.
ALGUMAS RESPOSTAS FRENTE ÀS EXIGÊNCIAS DOS CIDADÃOS: ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS CONGRESSOS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA NA ESPANHA E EM PORTUGAL NO ANO DE 2015
Authors: Vidal Josep Pont
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer uma abordagem descritiva das questões e conceitos abordados em diversas conferências e grupos de trabalho, durante os congressos nacionais e internacionais de Administração Pública, Governo e Ciência Política, que tiveram parte, na Espanha e em Portugal durante o ano de 2015. No plano metodológico, são tomadas como referência, as comunicações operadas nos congressos, com base em três variáveis principais: i) Os palestrantes convidados para a abertura das conferências; ii) Os grupos de trabalho que apresentaram as questões mais atuais; iii) As referências a alguns dos grupos de trabalho, nas quais foi possível observar e participar, e a análise qualitativa dos anais. Como técnica, têm sido utilizadas as “notas de campo” e, entre as principais contribuições inclui-se o surgimento de novos conceitos nestas áreas de especialização, para fornecer respostas à crise sistêmica e às demandas da cidadania.
Using of Interactive Test Technologies at the Lessons in Primary School
Authors: Мельниченко  , Melnichenko Svetlana
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the problem of the use of information technologies in the organization of the learning process in primary school. The author

proves the feasibility of using interactive technologies in a test version. Examples of test tasks for younger schoolchildren in the Russian language

are given.
Justice Under Uncertainty
Authors: Cettolin Elena , Riedl Arno
Published: September 2016

Uncertain outcomes are an inevitable feature of policy choices and their public support often depends on their perceived justice. We theoretically and experimentally explore just allocations when recipients are exposed to certainty and uncertainty. In the experiment, uninvolved participants unequivocally choose to allocate resources equally between recipients, when there is certainty. In stark contrast, with uncertainty just allocations are widely dispersed and recipients exposed to higher degrees of uncertainty are allocated less. The observed allocations can be well organized by four different theoretical views of justice, indicating that uninvolved participants differ fundamentally in their views on justice under uncertainty.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2535 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Dynamic Continuum Model with Elastic Demand for a Polycentric Urban City
Authors: Jiang Yan-Qun , Wong S.C. , Zhang Peng , Choi Keechoo
Published: September 2016

This paper presents the development of a macroscopic dynamic traffic assignment model for continuum transportation systems with elastic demand. A reactive dynamic user equilibrium model is extended to simulate network equilibrium problems for an urban area with multiple central business districts (CBDs). Each copy of traffic flow reactively makes route choice decisions to minimize the total travel cost from origin to destination, based on instantaneous traffic information from a radio broadcasting service or route guidance system. The elastic demand function for each copy of flow is associated with its total instantaneous travel cost. The model is solved by a cell-centered finite volume method for conservation law equations and a fast sweeping method for Eikonal-type equations on unstructured grids. Numerical experiments for an urban traffic network with two CBDs are presented to verify the rationality of the model and the validity of the numerical method. The numerical results indicate that the model captures some macroscopic characteristics of two copies of flow interacting in time-varying urban transportation systems, e.g., the spatial distributions of the flow density and flux and the path choice behavior in response to elastic demand, and can describe traffic equilibrium phenomena, such as self-organization and traffic congestion build-up and dissipation.
HCAs and APs building a therapeutic relationship
Authors: Stonehouse David
Published: September 2016

Within this article the author will be discussing the importance of the support worker developing a therapeutic relationship with their patients, clients and families. What is meant by a therapeutic relationship will firstly be defined before moving on to examine the many benefits that this brings to the health and social care role. Relevant sections of The Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers in England ( Skills for Care and Skills for Health, 2013 ) will be highlighted. The three key aspects of partnership, intimacy and reciprocity of Muetzel's (1991) model of therapeutic relationships will be identified. The important aspects of communication, rapport, empathy, self-awareness and emotional intelligence will be further explored. There are times and situations when developing this special relationship will be more difficult to attain and these will be examined, giving suggestions on how these barriers may be overcome.
The functional impact of a traumatic hand injury: a comparison of rural/remote and metropolitan/regional populations
Authors: Kingston Gail , Williams Gary , Judd Jenni , Gray Marion
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims:

The aim of this research was to explore the commonalities and differences in the issues associated with the functional recovery and rehabilitation of a traumatic hand injury experienced by people in rural/remote and metropolitan/regional areas of North Queensland, Australia.

Methods:

Responses to a previously mailed survey exploring the functional impact on a rural/remote population and a metropolitan/regional population were used for analysis and comparison.

Findings:

Both populations reported a loss of movement, pain and stiffness, and a significantly greater percentage of metropolitan/regional respondents reported a loss of strength. Leisure and work tasks were affected for both groups as a result of their impairment. Rural and remote respondents would have liked more appointments but found that it was expensive to get to them. There was a significant reduction for both populations of respondents reporting their occupation as labourers after having a hand injury. There was also a significant increase in those who reported undertaking home duties, were pensioners or unemployed.

Conclusion:

A traumatic hand injury can have a moderate to extreme impact on work and leisure, regardless of residential location. Contextual factors related to living in rural and remote areas can be both a barrier and a facilitator to participation in functional activities. A review of service provision in rural/remote areas to address concerns regarding the expense of attending appointments and the minimal number of appointments required for rural and remote residents following a traumatic hand injury is recommended. Distance technology such as telehealth can increase flexibility of treatment and reduce the requirement to travel. The ongoing development and implementation of this technology is important to facilitate equitable health care between rural/remote and metropolitan/regional populations.
The Static Stiffness Index: an important parameter to characterise compression therapy in vivo
Authors: Partsch H. , Schuren J. , Mosti G. , Benigni J.P
Published: September 2016

The compression pressure, which corresponds to the dosage of compression therapy, has been widely neglected up to now, not only concerning scientific literature, but also in clinical practice. It is evident that compression pressures in the upright position and during walking are clinically more relevant than just the resting pressure. The Static Stiffness Index (SSI), which is the difference between standing and resting pressure, is a valuable parameter characterising the efficacy of a specific compression product to narrow/occlude the venous lumen. This is a prerequisite for reducing venous reflux and exerting a massaging effect necessary to improve the venous pumping function during movement. This article provides an overview of the recent literature on the SSI, which supports the recommendations of the International Compression Club. In addition, it aims to provide an insight on the importance of the SSI in daily practice, as an educational tool as well as in defining the properties of applied compression therapy in clinical research.
Getting ready to listen?
Authors: Bowen James
Published: September 2016

James Bowen explains why there are reasons to be ‘cautiously optimistic’ about Amanda Spielman's appointment as Ofsted's next Chief Inspector.
Sibling Relationships in Adolescence and Early Adulthood With People Who Have Intellectual Disability
Authors: Floyd Frank J. , Costigan Catherine L. , Richardson Shana S.
Published: September 2016

Cross-sectional (N = 106) and longitudinal (N = 35) samples of siblings (ages 11–38) reported on closeness and conflict in their relationships with sisters and brothers with intellectual disability. For closeness, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) distinguished feelings of emotional closeness from reciprocal sharing behaviors for these siblings. Age effects and changes over time indicated increasing emotional closeness and a general reduction in conflict from adolescence to young adulthood, with stable reciprocal sharing. Cross-sectionally, closeness was greater when siblings were involved in caregiving, and conflict was less when siblings no longer co-resided. Sibling constellation features (sex, birth order, age spacing) had limited effects at this developmental period. Findings support a combination of life-span developmental change and enduring attachment in these sibling relationships.
The Role of Executive Function in Independent Living Skills in Female Adolescents and Young Adults With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Martin Arianna , Quintin Eve-Marie , Hall Scott S. , Reiss Allan L.
Published: September 2016

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with executive function (EF) and independent living skills (ILS) deficits. We examined the role of childhood EF in ILS during adolescence/early adulthood in females with FXS and two comparison groups in the same age range (matched for IQ [IQ/Age group] and with another genetic condition, Turner syndrome [TS group]). EF and ILS were significantly higher for the FXS group than the IQ/Age group but did not differ from the TS group. For the FXS group, age and EF were significant predictors of ILS during adolescence/early adulthood, but there were no statistically significant longitudinal associations between EF and ILS. Our findings suggest that impairments in EF may have a significant effect on ILS in FXS.
The political economy of WikiLeaks: Transparency and accountability through digital and alternative media
Authors: Dobson Kathy , Hunsinger Jeremy
Published: September 2016

The mainstream news media are expected to facilitate democracy by informing citizens, and holding corporations and governments accountable. This article demonstrates the uberization of the media through an analysis of WikiLeaks. Due to the complicity of the mainstream news media within the nation state – influenced by economic and political power relations – journalism becomes incapable of promoting this transparency and accountability, leaving those necessities to the public – and to alternative media platforms. Alternative media platforms such as WikiLeaks, which exist transnationally and are not beholden to one state, have the potential to fulfil journalism’s traditional role of transparency and accountability. We argue that the release of the ‘Collateral Murder’ video by WikiLeaks, and the surrounding events, is an example of how alternative media platforms uberify journalism through the dissemination of information, avoiding the barriers that limit mainstream news media and thus become journalism’s future. This draws into question the future development of journalism, in particular values and norms around accountability, transparency and bias, as digital leaking troubles relationships between journalism, various institutions and the public. As the ideologies of uberification continue to shape journalism, these values, norms and relationships of traditional journalism could be strengthened or may face new challenges and obstacles.
Si se puede!: Chicas Rockeras and punk music education in South East Los Angeles
Authors: Schwartz Jessica A.
Published: September 2016

In 1986, Lawrence Grossberg argued that rock ‘n’ roll empowered disillusioned post-war youth in their everyday lives. Rock ‘n’ roll offered a historical complex that hid in the crevasses from hegemonic power structure replication. Youth felt the pleasures of rock affectively, corporeally. Punk transformed ‘no future’ to ‘the time is now’, and this is the case with the discursive constructions of South East Los Angeles (SELA) as ‘dis-empowered’ and without a future or well-funded educational means to imagine that future. Chicas Rockeras utilizes punk feminist pedagogy, with a mestiza consciousness, to remind students of their past and present power, and also give them a space for their affective empowerment musically. At a time when arts education in the United States, and in this case, California, continues to be underfunded, punk pedagogies, inclusive of feminism and other ideologies, give music education a future. In conversation with recently published work on punk pedagogy and punk scholarship, this article considers how punk feminist pedagogy is well-suited to query western epistemological orientations and encourage girls’ and women’s agency through a decentring of patriarchal power, colonial power, and human-environmental labor-resource exploitation. Chicas Rockeras practices a punk feminist pedagogy that promotes institutional and social change through classroom activities and community-based activism that exposes the conditionality of inequalities, and as such, can help educators break down the walls of neatly defined ‘core’ and ‘elective’ subject matter and create critical connections.
Jatrogeninės menopauzės prevencijos ir vaisingumo išsaugojimo būdai moterims, sergančioms kolorektaliniu vėžiu
Authors: Žilinskas Kastytis , Kairys Ignas , Gudlevičienė Živilė , Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas
Published: September 2016

ĮžangaPer pastaruosius 30 metų vis daugiau jaunų moterų suserga kolorektaliniu vėžiu. Tokioms pacientėms, nustačius didesnę nei pirmą tiesiosios žarnos vėžio stadiją, dažniausiai pasirenkamas kompleksinis gydymo metodas: derinamas chemospindulinis ir chirurginis gydymas. Todėl dauguma jauno amžiaus moterų po vėžio gydymo susiduria su nevaisingumo ir jatrogeninės ankstyvos menopauzės problema. Pacientės nepakankamai informuojamos apie neigiamą chemoterapijos ir radioterapijos poveikį reprodukcinei sistemai bei galimybes išsaugoti pakankamą reprodukcinės sistemos veiklą ir normalizuoti kiaušidžių funkciją po gydymo. Aprašome klinikinį atvejį norėdami supažindinti Lietuvos gydytojų visuomenę ir pacientus su vaisingumo ir kiaušidžių funkcijos išsaugojimo galimybe gydant tiesiosios žarnos vėžį – atliekant kiaušidžių transpoziciją bei kiaušidžių audinio krioprezervaciją.Klinikinis atvejis27 metų pacientei 2015 m. spalio 12 d. buvo diagnozuotas tiesiosios žarnos vėžys. Endoskopiniais ir radiologiniais tyrimais buvo nustatyta III klinikinė stadija. Daugiadalykio aptarimo metu buvo nutarta gydymą pradėti nuo priešoperacinės chemospindulinės terapijos, prieš tai atlikus laterokolinę kiaušidžių transpoziciją ir kiaušidžių audinio krioprezervaciją, kuri buvo atlikta 2015 m. lapkričio 25 d. Paskui pacientei buvo paskirtas priešoperacinis chemospindulinis gydymas. Jį baigus, konstatuotas patenkinamas terapinis efektas ir 2016 m. vasario 25 d. buvo atlikta laparoskopinė tiesiosios žarnos rezekcija. Navikas pašalintas radikaliai. Šiuo metu tęsiama adjuvantinė chemoterapija.IšvadosNaudojant kiaušidžių transpozicijos ir kiaušidės audinio krioprezervacijos metodus pacientei buvo suteikta galimybė išvengti gydymo sukeltos (jatrogeninės) ankstyvos menopauzės bei tikėtinai išsaugoti vaisingumo funkciją.
Su spinduliniu gydymu susijusi angiosarkoma po krūties vėžio gydymo: klinikinio atvejo aprašymas ir literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Ostapenko Valerijus , Ostapenko Andrejus , Petroška Donatas , Ostapenko Edvinas
Published: September 2016

ĮžangaStraipsnio tikslas – aprašyti retą klinikinį su spinduliniu gydymu susijusį angiosarkomos atvejį po krūties tausojančios operacijos ir spindulinio vėžio gydymo, taip pat apžvelgti naujausius literatūros šaltinius.Klinikinis atvejisStraipsnyje aprašomas klinikinis 66 metų moters atvejis. Jai buvo diagnozuotas kairės krūties I stadijos vėžys (pT1cN0M0).2011 metais atlikta krūtį tausojanti operacija ir taikytas pooperacinės radioterapijos kursas (50 Gy). 2016 metais, po 5 metų nuo pirminio kairės krūties vėžio sudėtinio gydymo, šioje krūtyje nustatyta su spinduliniu gydymu susijusi angiosarkoma.Mes aptariame šios retos angiosarkomos klinikinį atvejį ir galimus gydymo metodus. Ligonė buvo gydoma Nacionaliniame vėžio institute.IšvadosAnkstyva diagnostika, daugiadalykis aptarimas, agresyvus R0 chirurginis gydymas ir adjuvantinio spindulinio gydymo dozės leidžia sėkmingiau gydyti šia retą patologinę būklę. Reikalingi papildomi moksliniai tyrimai, kurie padėtų nustatyti su spinduliniu gydymu susijusios angiosarkomos gydymo indikacijas.
Songs you know by heart
Authors: Brank Eve , Fox Kathleen , Kaspar Victoria
Published: September 2016

Some researchers argue singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett’s lyrics focus on alcohol, promiscuous sex, and drugs, while others say Buffett’s music has changed since he sold out to corporate sponsorship. Results from a systematic coding of all 386 of his songs released since 1969 indicate Buffett’s music is more about escape and irony than deviant behaviours. Furthermore, lyric themes remain largely unaltered even through an increase in his popularity and corporate sponsorship.
40K COMO BIOINDICADOR DE POLUIÇÃO DO RIO CAPIBARIBE EM RECIFE-PE
Authors: Da Silva Cleomacio Miguel , Honorato Eliane Valentim , Silva Filho Crescêncio Andrade , Silveira Patrícia Brandão
Published: September 2016

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a concentração de 40K em peixes do rio Capibaribe na cidade de Recife, com a finalidade de usar este radionuclídeo como bioindicador do processo de eutrofização. Para tanto, coletou-se amostras de peixes carapeba (Diapterus Rhombeus), camurim (Centropomus spp.), bagre (Ictalurus punctatus) e dourado (Salminus maxillosus). Para determinar as concentrações de 40K nas espécies de peixes utilizou-se a técnica de espectrometria gama. As concentrações médias deste radionuclídeo nas amostras de peixe carapeba, camurim, bagre e dourado foram de 515±76, 530±87, 503±40 e 660±48 Bq.kg-1 de massa úmida, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos indicaram concentrações elevadas de 40K nas amostras de peixes analisadas, sugerindo assim que, grandes quantidades de potássio foram carreadas para o interior do rio Capibaribe, provocando o aumento do processo de poluição. Finalmente, a presença de 40K em peixes pode ser utilizada como bioindicador do processo de poluição de ambientes aquáticos.
MODELAGEM DA RELAÇÃO TEOR/RECUPERAÇÃO DE UMA CÉLULA DE FLOTAÇÃO PNEUMÁTICA
Authors: Silva Angelo Quintiniano Nunes , Ferreira Kelly Cristina , Galery Roberto , Montenegro Luiz Cláudio Monteiro
Published: September 2016

A flotação viabilizou o beneficiamento de muitos recursos minerais pela possibilidade de concentrar elementos úteis de reservas minerais de baixo teor. A busca por alternativas que simplifiquem os processos e atendam as especificações de mercado deve ser constante não só pela redução dos custos, mas também pela possibilidade de gerar alternativas aos processos que são cada vez mais exigidos. Neste contexto, a célula de flotação pneumática surge com possibilidade de aplicação na concentração de minerais de ferro. Neste estudo, foram realizados testes em escala piloto de uma célula de flotação pneumática com um minério de ferro itabirítico. Através da modelagem  da célula de flotação pneumática foi possível avaliar o comportamento da recuperação metálica e teor de quartzo do concentrado para as diferentes condições operacionais testadas. Em nenhum dos testes e variáveis testadas foi possível alcançar a especificação de SiO2 no concentrado almejada, isto devido ao baixo grau de liberação do minério na granulometria testada.
Rethinking Racial Threat: A Comparison of Latino Population Change in the North and South
Authors: Miller Patrick R.
Published: September 2016

The racial dynamics of Southern politics have long been defined by the divide between whites and blacks, but recent years have seen high levels of Latino growth throughout the region. This work examines the effect that the influx of Latinos has had on attitudes toward immigration in the United States, and explores how racial threat resulting from Latino growth manifests itself differently in the North versus the South. Results suggest that traditional ways of conceptualizing racial threat may be inappropriate to capture the unique dynamics of Latino growth, especially in the South, and different measures of threat are proposed and tested. Data come from the 2000 National Election Survey (NES) merged with data from the U.S. Census.
In North Carolina, It's Not Election Day—It's Election Month: An Analysis of the 2008 Election
Authors: Bitzer J. Michael
Published: September 2016

As one of the most competitive presidential contests in 2008, North Carolina also experienced a dramatic surge in early voting. While the literature regarding early voting presents conflicting findings, the opportunity to merge this area of study in voting behavior with the idea that “place matters” enables researchers to explore integrated questions about the activities and decisions of voters. By using a precinct-level analysis of urban, suburban, and rural voters in 2004 and 2008, this research begins an exploration of the impact of location and the opportunity to cast early ballots in turning a formerly red Republican state into a hue of a Tar Heel-blue state.
Does Where You Stand Depend on Where You Sit? Careerists' Attitudes toward Political Appointees under Reagan
Authors: Hult Karen , Maranto Robert
Published: September 2016

With the noted exception of George H.W. Bush, Republican presidents since Dwight Eisenhower have pursued administrative presidency strategies, which include political appointments to subcabinet positions. Less clear is whether and how appointments strategies affect the reactions of careerists to political appointees. Here, we turn for insight to data collected from senior careerists during the administration of Ronald Reagan, which emphasized such strategies. The findings indicate that careerists’ ideology influenced their views of the political appointees for whom they worked, particularly in regulatory agencies. Agency affiliation also was important, though not always as anticipated.
Runoff Voters Will Do the Darndest Things: An Analysis of the 2008 Georgia Democratic Senate Runoff
Authors: Buchanan Scott E.
Published: September 2016

Testing the frontrunner loses myth and minority loses myth, this paper examines the 2008 Georgia Democratic Senate runoff between Vernon Jones and Jim Martin. Despite winning 40 per-cent of the primary vote, Jones lost in the runoff to Jim Martin. Methods: We use a variety of data to determine what factors were having the greatest effect on the election. Results: Vernon Jones's strongest support came from the rural counties of central and southern Georgia. While Jones did win high levels of support in counties with large black populations, the fact that Jones was not performing as well in counties in metro Atlanta highlights that controversies surrounding Jones may have been playing a larger role than race. Conclusions: The lack of black voter turnout in the runoff illustrates the problems that even a black candidate has in motivating black voters to return for the runoff.
Truth Believers and True Believers: The Conditional Effects of Voluntary Associations on the Political Participation of Black Americans
Authors: Swain Randall D. , Mangum Maruice
Published: September 2016

Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, this investigation examines the impact of two kinds of voluntary associations on electoral and non-electoral political participation among Black Americans. It does so by examining the church’s context or environment and membership in organizations. We report several significant findings. First, both types of voluntary associations—church and secular organizational membership—are positive influences on both forms of political participation. Second, memberships in secular organizations are more influential facilitators of activism among Black Americans than the church. Third, the type of voluntary association matters in terms of the kinds of political activities promoted. The church promotes political activities that call for less energy and less resources. Membership in secular organizations is related to high-intensity forms of political activity.
Political Sophistication and Presidential Candidate Considerations: Disentangling the Effects of Knowledge, Interest, and Media Exposure
Authors: DeWitt Jeff R.
Published: September 2016

Answers to political sophistication questions are typically tied to theoretical or normative assumptions, which produce given sets of operational guidelines. In this study, I develop an understanding of election specific expertise, conceived of as three distinct dimensions—knowledge, interest, and media exposure. This methodological approach helps provide a richer appreciation of the unique effects of each dimension on the nature, number, and breadth of candidate considerations employed by voters. Results lend support for the overriding claim that sophistication is a critical source of heterogeneity within the American electorate. The classic democratic competency standard of an issue-driven voting public is achieved through a more knowledgeable, interested citizenry. At the same time, knowledge and interest produce divergent influences on particular types of personality-based candidate evaluations while media exposure is most remarkable for its absence of explanatory value.
Electing to Trust: An Exploration of the Relationship between Public Opinion and Localized Processes on Judicial Selection
Authors: Peterson Geoffrey D. , Hare Christopher , Wrighton J. Mark
Published: September 2016

Public trust in government depends largely on the belief that institutions are fair and respond to the will of the governed. We expand on past research on the relationship between public opinion and state courts by studying how selection methods for both state and local courts influence popular attitudes about the judicial branch. Employing individual-level survey data on the responsiveness and fairness of state supreme courts and local trial courts, we find that respondents in states using elections to choose judges for state courts believe the judicial system is fairer. Further, the use of non-partisan elections for local trial courts has a positive effect on public evaluations of judicial fairness. However, views on judicial responsiveness are unaffected by means of selection at either the state or local level. Thus, nonpartisan or even partisan judicial elections do not have a negative effect on our measures of trust; indeed, when elections do have an effect, it is a positive one.
Managing glyphosate-resistant common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): effect of glyphosate-phenoxy tank mixes on growth, fecundity, and seed viability
Authors: Bae Jichul , Nurse Robert E. , Simard Marie-Josée , Page Eric R.
Published: September 2016

Common ragweed is one of the most important weeds in the soybean-producing areas of the United States and Canada. Recently, glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes have been reported in 15 states and one Canadian province. Reducing the proliferation of GR common ragweed biotypes is complicated by the high fecundity and complex seed germination behavior exhibited by this species. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of late herbicide applications for reducing seed production, seed weight, and seed viability of a GR common ragweed biotype. Herbicide treatments included: water control, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-D plus glyphosate, and dicamba plus glyphosate. Treatments were applied at the appearance of male flower buds (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical industry scale [BBCH] 51) or at the early female flowering stage (BBCH 61 to 63). At BBCH 51, 2,4-D or dicamba applied alone or in a tank mix with glyphosate reduced seed production by an average of 80%. Conversely, seed production following these same treatments applied at BBCH 61 to 63 was not significantly different from when glyphosate was applied alone. At this stage of development, all herbicide treatments reduced seed viability relative to the control; however, treatments containing 2,4-D or dicamba resulted in significantly lower viability than when glyphosate was applied alone. These results suggest that the application of tank mixes containing 2,4-D or dicamba have the potential to limit seed production of GR common ragweed when applied on or before BBCH 51. The development of new technologies that facilitate the in-crop application of tank mixes containing 2,4-D or dicamba may therefore be an effective option for limiting population establishment, seedbank replenishment, and future spread of glyphosate-resistant alleles.
Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Nebraska: Confirmation, EPSPS Gene Amplification, and Response to POST Corn and Soybean Herbicides
Authors: Chahal Parminder S. , Varanasi Vijay K. , Jugulam Mithila , Jhala Amit J.
Published: September 2016

Palmer amaranth is the most problematic weed in agronomic crop production fields in the United States. A Palmer amaranth biotype was not controlled with sequential applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean production field in south-central Nebraska. The seeds of the putative GR Palmer amaranth biotype were collected in the fall of 2015. The objectives of this study were to (1) confirm GR Palmer amaranth and determine the level of resistance in a whole-plant dose-response bioassay, (2) determine the copy number of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSPS) gene, the molecular target of glyphosate, and (3) evaluate the response of GR Palmer amaranth biotype to POST corn and soybean herbicides with different modes-of-action. Based on the effective dose required to control 90% of plants (ED90), the putative GR Palmer amaranth biotype was 37- to 40-fold resistant to glyphosate depending on the glyphosate-susceptible (GS) used as a baseline population.EPSPSgene amplification was present in the GR Palmer amaranth biotype with up to 32 to 105 EPSPS copies compared to the known GS biotypes. Response of GR Palmer amaranth to POST corn and soybean herbicides suggest reduced sensitivity to atrazine, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- (mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone), acetolactate synthase (ALS)- (halosulfuron-methyl), and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)- (carfentrazone and lactofen) inhibitors. GR Palmer amaranth was effectively controlled (>90%) with glufosinate applied at 593 g ai ha−1with ≥95% reduction in biomass. More research is needed to determine whether this biotype exhibits multiple resistant to other group of herbicides and evaluate herbicide programs for effective management in corn and soybean.
Does Criollo cocoa have the same ecophysiological characteristics than Forastero?
Authors: Tezara Wilmer , Urich Rosa , Jaimez Ramón , Coronel Ilsa , Araque Osmary , Azocar Carmen , Chacón Iraima
Published: September 2016

Background: The Palma Real Mountain of Venezuela has Criollo and Forastero cocoa trees of over 50 years old. These individuals are considered ancestral representatives of high quality cocoa that have survived for many years in this location without any agronomic management.
Question: This study shows some physiological traits of these old trees, in order to determine whether differences exist in photosynthetic capacity and some biochemical parameters between the two types of cocoa growing under natural conditions.
Studied species:  Theobroma cacao L.
Study site and years of study: was done in the mountain Palma Real in the Island of Margarita, Edo. Nueva Esparta, in January 2008 and November 2009.
Methods: The individuals present in the area were initially characterized as Criollo or Forastero and gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and the response of the photosynthetic rate (A) to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PFD), carbon isotope ratio (?13C), nitrogen isotope ratio (?15N), leaf N and chlorophyll content  were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the gas exchange characteristics of Criollo cocoa differ slightly from those of Forastero. However, similar PFD saturation (~400 mmol m-2 s-1) with values of A at saturating light approaching 4 mmol m-2 s-1, carboxylation efficiency (CE) and photochemical activity, indicated a comparable photosynthetic capacity in both cocoa types.
Conclusions: There are apparently no physiological disadvantages in Criollo compared with Forastero trees and therefore both could be recommended as suitable materials for cultivation in similar environments, thereby expanding cultivation of high quality cocoa.
The Legal Status of Evidence obtained through Human Rights Violations in Uganda
Authors: Nanima Robert D
Published: September 2016

The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995 (Constitution of 1995) is silent on the issue of dealing with evidence obtained through human rights violations. This silence dates to the Constitutions 1962, 1966 and 1967.  It is only the Prohibition and Prevention of Torture Act of 2012 that renders evidence obtained through torture inadmissible.  This means that evidence obtained through human rights violations, other than torture is not covered by any other legislation in Uganda. The position is different in other common law jurisdictions such as South Africa, Kenya and Zimbabwe, which have constitutional provisions on how to deal with evidence obtained through human rights violations. Decisions handed down by the Courts are inconsistent in dealing with this kind of evidence. This comparative study coupled with Uganda’s international human rights obligations delves into this lacuna in the law and gives proposals for reform.
J.V. Foix o la cotidianeidad del misterio
Authors: Pijoan Picas María Isabel
Published: September 2016

J. V. Foix o la cotidianeidad del misterio
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: September 2016

 

 
A DINAMIZAÇÃO POLÍTICO-RELIGIOSA DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NA IDADE MÉDIA * THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS ENHANCEMENT OF THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Authors: Gomes António Martins
Published: September 2016

Resumo:Na Idade Média, a corte, necessitada de concentrar o poder, procura uma coesão linguística. Assim, o português arcaico torna-se um veículo de propaganda régia, em detrimento do latim, uma língua menos acessível ao leitor vulgar. Normas e disposições legislativas são emanadas em vernáculo para serem melhor entendidas por todos os membros do reino.Por sua vez, o teocentrismo, que legitima a relação medieval entre o trono e o altar, pode ser encontrado nos primórdios da prosa literária portuguesa. Pela sua finalidade parenética, entendida à luz da função civilizadora da Igreja, várias narrativas apologéticas são vertidas para o vernáculo para persuadirem o maior número de leitores a edificarem-se em termos éticos e morais.Palavras-chave: vernáculo, trono e altar, legislação, scriptorium, parénese.  Abstract:In the Middle Ages, the Royal Court, in need to concentrate power, seeks out a linguistic cohesion. Thus, Old Portuguese becomes a means of royal propaganda, at the expense of Latin, a less accessible language to the common reader. Rules and laws are issued in vernacular, in order to be better understood by all members of the realm.In turn, theocentrism, by legitimizing the relationship between the throne and the altar, can be found in early Portuguese literary prose. For its paraenetical purpose, in the light of the Church’s civilizing role, several apologetic narratives are translated into vernacular, in order to persuade many readers to have an ethical and moral life.Keywords: vernacular, throne and altar, legislation, scriptorium, paraenesis.
VERDADE E FICÇÃO EM GLOSA E A PESQUISA, DE JUAN JOSÉ SAER * VERDAD Y FICCIÓN EN GLOSA Y LA PESQUISA, DE JUAN JOSÉ SAER
Authors: Müller Iuri Almeida
Published: September 2016

Resumo: “A recusa escrupulosa de qualquer elemento fictício não é um critério de verdade”, escreve o escritor argentino Juan José Saer em “O conceito de ficção”. Autor de uma obra repleta de ambiguidades e de versões que não se pretendem objetivas e definitivas, Saer, ao pensar a literatura em seus ensaios, afirmou que a ficção é também uma forma de conhecimento, um “tratamento específico do mundo”. Para o autor argentino, a ficção, ao saltar para o “inverificável” e submergir no que chama de “turbulência da realidade”, pode alcançar outras possibilidades de apreender o indivíduo e as relações humanas. Neste trabalho, busco compreender como o reflexo dessa particular defesa da ficção pode ser visto em dois de seus romances: Glosa e A pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Juan José Saer; Verdade e ficção; Literatura argentina. Resumen: “El rechazo escrupuloso de todo elemento ficticio no es un criterio de verdad”, escribe el escritor argentino Juan José Saer en “El concepto de ficción”. Autor de una obra repleta de ambigüedad y de versiones que no se pretenden objetivas o definitivas, Saer, al pensar la literatura en sus ensayos , afirmó que la ficción es también una forma de conocimiento, un “tratamiento específico del mundo”. Para el autor, la ficción, al saltar para lo “inverificable” y sumergir en lo que llama “turbulencia de la realidad”, puede alcanzar otras posibilidades de aprehender el individuo y las relaciones humanas. En este trabajo, busco entender como el reflejo de esa particular defensa de la ficción aparece en dos de sus novelas: Glosa y La pesquisa.Palabras clave: Juan José Saer; Verdad y ficción; Literatura argentina.
Indigenous Adoption of Internet Voting: A Case Study of Whitefish River First Nation
Authors: Gabel Chelsea , Goodman Nicole , Bird Karen , Budd Brian
Published: September 2016

Indigenous communities and organizations are increasingly using digital technologies to build community capacity, strengthen community consultation, and improve political participation. In particular, Internet voting is a type of technology to which First Nations have been drawn. This article explores Whitefish River First Nation's (WRFN) experience introducing Internet voting in the course of ratifying a new matrimonial real property law (MRP). Specifically, we examine the implications of Internet voting for political participation and electoral administration at the community level. Although community members’ uptake of Internet voting was very modest, we find the experience of adoption had other subtle impacts on community capacity, specifically in terms of empowering the community to pass its own laws and connecting youth and elders. With respect to administration, Internet voting provided an opportunity to connect with community members using technology, to modernize voting processes, and to better accommodate community members needs.
Imaginarios turísticos: Argentina para el turista brasileño
Authors: Decasper Sandra Mónica , Servalli Natalia
Published: September 2016

Las características del turismo internacional de la Argentina muestran que existe un importante flujo turístico desde Brasil, que emerge como principal mercado emisor con una serie de valores e historia compartida y cierta cercanía sociocultural. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el comportamiento del mercado brasileño, enfatizando en cuáles son los principales atractivos visitados en Argentina. En primer lugar, se analizan las principales propuestas teóricas vinculadas al imaginario, la imagen y los discursos en el turismo, para comprender dicho fenómeno turístico. En segundo lugar, se estudia el rol de los principales actores intervinientes: el Gobierno argentino, los intermediarios privados y el turista brasileño. Se observa que la configuración de dichos imaginarios turísticos privilegia ciertos destinos y productos turísticos respecto de otros y que, a pesar de los esfuerzos de promoción turística del sector público y privado para potenciar otros, dichas nuevas “imágenes turísticas” en la Argentina tardan en permear el imaginario de los brasileños.
Efecto determinante de la motivación de viaje sobre la imagen de destino en turistas de ocio a un destino urbano: el caso de Monterrey, México. Una aproximación por medio de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS)
Authors: Olague José T.
Published: September 2016

Los turistas urbanos se caracterizan por ser uno de los segmentos de mayor crecimiento en los mercados turísticos actuales. Monterrey (México), uno de los principales destinos   urbanos del país, ha apostado en la actualidad por mejorar su competitividad. Esta investigación se propuso encontrar evidencia acerca de la relación causal de la motivación de viaje sobre la imagen percibida del destino, dos variables importantes por su influencia en la satisfacción de los visitantes. Una revisión de la literatura permitió proponer constructos teóricos integrados en un instrumento para la recogida de datos vía encuesta a una muestra representativa. Por medio del método de regresión y ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS), se identificaron los componentes principales de ambas variables y se obtuvo un modelo explicativo de la imagen percibida del destino en función de la motivación de viaje. Finalmente, se emiten recomendaciones para la gestión del destino urbano en función de los resultados obtenidos.