bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: “A surgical Update with Review of Literature”
Authors:   Associate Consultant General Surgery, Ul Hasan UwaisRiaz , Qureishi Farooq ,   Hospital Director, Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Hasan Khathija ,   Hospital Director, Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Khraisat Nidal ,   Head of Department Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Nami Abdul Aziz Al ,   Head of Department Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Al Zarra Abdullah Abdulmonem ,   Head of Department Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Wtayyan Hassan A Al ,   Head of Department Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Shaqaqiq Ali Ibrahim Al ,   Hospital Director, Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Masoud Moath AbdulAziz Al ,   Head of Department Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Dossary Noura Al ,   Hospital Director, Al Omran General Hospital, Al Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2021

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease primarily affecting the sweat glands apocrine zone of the body and what starts initially as an abscess progresses to nodules, sinus tracts, with cicatrisation fistula formation and ulcers. It is common to see all the stages of clinical spectrum viz multiple solitary abscess to nodules with sinus, fistulas with ulceration and cicatrisation in chronic patients. This chronic illness takes a toll on the psyche of these individuals as the need to avoid foul smell and the constant need for dressing dictate their social life. The patients are notoriously know for follow up for years. A low self-esteem and depression are companions of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) individuals. Early involvement of the surgeon can substantially improve the progress and evolution of this chronic skin condition and could obviate the development of SCC the end stage of all Chronic neglected Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) cases especially in the hi risk older age group of individuals
Odontoid Resorption After Posterior Occipitocervical Fusion in Rheumatoid Basilar Invagination
Authors:   Indiana Spine Group, Carmel, United States of America, Garrido Ben , Balcescu Cristian ,   Indiana Spine Group, Carmel, United States of America, Caballero Jesse ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America, McCarthy Michael ,   Indiana Spine Group, Carmel, United States of America, Boody Barrett ,   Indiana Spine Group, Carmel, United States of America, Sasso Rick ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States of America
Published: November 2021

Background Context: Inflammatory arthritis of the cervical spine is common and begins early after the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Atlantoaxial instability is the most common pattern followed by cranial settling or basilar invagination, with subaxial subluxation being least common. Vertical migration of the odontoid (basilar invagination) poses an increased risk of sudden death from compression of the brain stem. A combination of transoral decompression and posterior occipitocervical fusion has been described, although a single posterior approach stabilization may suffice and avoid the associated comorbidities with an anterior/posterior surgery in a high-risk rheumatoid patient. Purpose: To report a case of odontoid resorption and cervicomedullary angle improvement after occipitocervical fusion. Study Design: A retrospective case report. Methods: Radiographic analysis. Results: After posterior occipitocervical fusion alone for basilar invagination there was a reduction of cervicomedullary angle to 127 degrees at 3 years follow up. This was improved from an initial 115 degrees through odontoid remodeling. Conclusions: Basilar invagination treated with posterior alone occipitocervical stabilization may suffice in providing stability and long term decompression of the cervicomedullary junction through resorption and remodeling of the odontoid. This case study supports the viability of avoiding a transoral resection for an irreducible severely migrated odontoid.
Preliminary 12-Month Safety and Efficacy Outcomes for the Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy and Myelopathy with the Stalif-C Integrated Interbody Fusion Device
Authors:   Indiana Spine Group, Carmel, IN USA, Boody Barrett , Khalil Jad Khalil ,   William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA, Grunch Betsy ,   Longstreet Clinic, Gainesville, FL USA, Musacchio Michael ,   Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA, Vokshoor Amir ,   Pacific Spine Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA, Wilson Ray ,   Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, Sasso Rick ,   Indiana Spine Group, Carmel, IN USA
Published: November 2021

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been widely utilized as the workhorse approach for the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative pathology. Minimal high-level evidence data exists on the efficacy and safety of integrated cage-screw implants. A prospective, non-randomized clinical study utilizing STALIF C-Ti® integrated cage-screw implants was performed in 145 patients. 12-month outcome scores demonstrated significant improvements in all patient reported outcome scores collected (p<0.05 for all), including NDI, VAS neck, VAS left arm, and VAS right arm. Patients receiving STALIF C-Ti integrated cage-screw implants demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcome scores with minimal overall complication rate
Solitary Juvenile Polyp at a Rural Ugandan Hospital Presenting with Recurrent Rectal Bleeding
Authors:   1 Department of Surgery, Uganda Christian University, Kampala, Uganda, Kurigamba Gideon K , Akello Vivian V ,   Department of Surgery, Bwindi Community Hospital, Uganda, Owamukama Asaph ,   Department of Surgery, Bwindi Community Hospital, Uganda, Nanyanga Irene ,   Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Ayikoru Racheal J ,   Department of Surgery, Mulago National Referral Hospital
Published: November 2021

Juvenile polyps (JP) are rare but important causes of acute gastrointestinal symptoms in children. They are a recognized cause of painless rectal bleeding in preschool age children and also the most common intraluminal disorder of the colon in children They are often solitary, pedunculated and small in size but may occasionally grow to large sizes or occur in great numbers, as in juvenile polyposis syndrome. Histologically juvenile polyps are similar to inflammatory polyps with irregular dilated glands, lamina propria expansion and granulation tissue expansion. Sporadic juvenile polyps of the colon occur in up to 2 percent of children under the age of 10 years, are usually solitary, and are not associated with an increased cancer risk. The etiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of these intestinal polyps depend on the type of polyp or polyposis syndrome. A change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, rectal prolapse, and even intussusception may be the initial presentation in children. In addition to a careful history, including a detailed family history, a physical examination, contrast studies, and endoscopic examination are vital diagnostic tools. Juvenile polyps may also present with prolapse of the polyp from the anus, abdominal pain due to intussusception or may even be asymptomatic. All such polyps should be removed by colonoscopy or transanal resection
Was there any widespread fraud in 2020 presidential election? What does Benford's Law say?
Authors: Datta Deeya , Banks David
Published: November 2021

Fair elections free of any interference are integral tenets of any functioning democracy, and widespread election fraud is undoubtedly a serious threat to a free republic. While instances of electoral fraud are much more prevalent in countries with illiberal democracies, the U.S has recently faced such an accusation. Although he was unable to provide any concrete evidence, the former U.S. President Donald Trump accused his opponent, Joe Biden, now president, of electoral fraud after the presidential election. Fortunately, election forensics are often successful in investigating the validity of such fraud allegations. In this paper, I applied Benford’s law, a rule that should stand up to any large set of natural numbers, such as un-tampered electoral data. Using this law and basic statistical analysis of votes of U.S. counties for candidates of the two major parties, I completed a forensic analysis to investigate Mr. Trump’s allegation. My comprehensive investigation does not find any evidence supporting his allegation.
Analisis Keamanan Informasi Menggunakan Tools Indeks Kami ISO 4.1
Authors: Kornelia Ade , Irawan Dedi
Published: November 2021

Information is a very valuable asset for a university institution. Utilization of information technology offers various conveniences in obtaining the information needed. Good information management can make universities have good managerial skills. protecting information security means that it also requires efforts to pay attention to the security factors of all supporting assets such as networks, as well as other facilities that are directly or indirectly related to the process of organizing information. Bina Darma University is an institution that is engaged in the field of education and science, which has a vision that is to become an International Standard University Based on Information Technology By 2025, to realize this there are several efforts prepared, one of which is to improve information security by implementing the ISO 27001 certification process. :2013. So in the context of Bina Darma University will implement ISO 27001: 2013. Using the method of Applied Research (applied research) the author took the initiative to conduct research with the title ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SECURITY USING OUR INDEX TOOLS 4.1 So as to produce Knowing the maturity level of information security with a status of Inappropriate, Needs improvement , Enough and Good at Bina Darma University.
Implementasi Metode UCD (User Centered Design) Pada Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan: Studi Kasus : SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang
Authors: Noviyanti Ekta , Christian Andi , Wijaya Khana
Published: November 2021

Libraries play an important role in advancing the institute of education because the library is a place to improve knowledge for the students. In the library of SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang running processes such as member registration, input data on prospective member, borrowing and returning books, book data input and book catalog still written in the ledger. Avoid delays in the system library service SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang, it is necessary to design an information system library that can help and easier the activities of the circulation of the books. In the information system library SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang uses (User Centered Design) dan UML (Unified Modeling Language) as well as for language programmer PHP with a MySQL database.Hopefully with this library information system it can solve the problems which exist in the library and can help in the development of science students.
THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE DETERMINATION OF AREAS AT RISK OF DENGUE IN THE SÃO PAULO STATE
Authors: AZEVEDO Thiago Salomão de , SALLUM Maria Anice Mureb
Published: November 2021

The Dengue Virus is a Flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. This arbovirus is responsible for one of the main problems of global public health, because it is estimated that over 80 million people are infected by it every year. In Brazil there are reports that dengue fever epidemics have been present from the beginning of the twentieth century. However, the first dengue fever outbreak documented in the country occurred in 1982. From that point on, the Brazilian territory has been plagued by several of these epidemics. Among the various attempts to elucidate the factors that influence the dynamics of the transmission of dengue fever, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reorganized, in 2002, the National Plan to Combat Dengue Fever and instituted a normative procedure by which the areas affected by this epidemic should be mapped. The use of geographical information systems is a powerful tool for the spatial analysis of risk; by this means the spatial distribution of the event can be described and associations between an event and its determinants can be observed. Based on these assumptions this study aims to determine the geospatial patterns of dengue fever outbreaks in S„o Paulo State, Brazil. This region has been seriously affected by successive epidemics during the last 15 years. We have used conventional and spatial analytical tools (geostatistics analysis) to discern the patterns of the epidemic scenarios. Results showed that dengue fever outbreaks have affected two principal areas of risk: one located in the northwest and the other in the central-south portion of the S„o Paulo State
Eremitis clarkiae and E. vinacea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae): two new species of herbaceous bamboos endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil increase the diversity of the genus in this hotspot
Authors: Ferreira Fabrício Moreira , Welker Cassiano A. Dorneles , Oliveira Reyjane P.
Published: November 2021

Background and aims – We here describe two new species of Eremitis from Bahia, Brazil, and compare them with morphologically similar species. We also provide illustrations, photos, a distribution map, and notes on habitat and conservation status of the new species.Material and methods – This study was based on fieldwork, analysis of herbarium specimens, and literature review. Specimens collected were analyzed and photographed during fieldwork and observed in cultivation in a greenhouse. The conservation assessment is based on field observations and spatial analyses, following the IUCN guidelines and criteria.Results – Eremitis clarkiae sp. nov. occurs in southern Bahia and has been collected only twice, in the municipality of Floresta Azul. The new species is similar to E. jardimii and E. robusta, both also endemic to Bahia, but can be distinguished by several vegetative and reproductive structures longer than those observed in these species, such as leafy culms, ligules, decumbent culm inflorescences, and pedicels of the staminate spikelets of the staminate whorls. Eremitis vinacea sp. nov. was collected in three localities in southern Bahia, but only the type population was found during recent field trips, in the municipality of Camacã. It is similar to E. afimbriata, a species endemic to Espírito Santo state, being differentiated by its leaf sheaths with persistent fimbriae (vs absent), leaf blades with green adaxial surface (vs bluish green with a blue iridescence), and a single inflorescence on decumbent culms (vs multiple). Both new species are endemic to the Bahian Coastal Forests subregion and should be considered Critically Endangered (CR), according to the IUCN guidelines and criteria.
Exploring Antecedents to the Attitude-Behavior Gap for Sustainable Fashion Consumption in Germany
Authors: Bocti Mira , El Zein Samer , Giannini Roberta
Published: November 2021

Climate change is a major concern today. This concern has led to the emergence of pro- environmental market trends, such as ethical consumerism. Although many consumers hold positive attitudes toward purchasing sustainable brands, their actual behavior is often inconsistent with their attitudes. This phenomenon, referred to as the attitude-behavior gap, has been an ongoing topic in many research papers. However, this gap with regards to sustainable fashion consumption has received limited attention and few researchers have identified potential marketing tactics to bridge the gap. The first purpose of this study is to gain insight on reasons behind the attitude-behavior gap for sustainable fashion consumption in Germany. The SHIFT framework is then applied to identify potential marketing tactics that could help reduce this gap. Fourteen interviews of German consumers, who expressed concerns about environmental degradation and stated that they had changed at least some of the their consumption behaviors in line with those concerns, were conducted to better understand attitudes toward purchasing sustainable fashion as well as factors that may impede behavior consistent with those attitudes. Interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory method. Analysis revealed the following potential contributors to the attitude-behavior gap for sustainable fashion: price, lack of presence, information, fashionability, self-over-sustainability and powerlessness. Based on these findings and the SHIFT framework, marketing tactics that could potentially influence sustainable fashion consumption were then identified. These tactics may prove useful for marketers in the sustainable fashion sector.
Sobre geografía, construcción y tradición en Cataluña
Authors: Fortià Josep Maria
Published: November 2021

Fabien Van Geert y Ferran EstradaConstruint el territori. Arquitectura tradicional i paisatge a Catalunya Departament de Cultura. Generalitat de Catalunya, 2018
Acercamiento a los espacios de debate en la cobertura de la prensa escrita sobre la Universidad de El Salvador, durante el mes de julio de 1972
Authors: Mejía Salazar Alexis Alfredo
Published: November 2021

On July 19th, 1972, President Arturo Armando Molina made a speech, through national TV & radio broadcast, announcing that the University of El Salvador was occupied by public security forces, trying to stop the “Communist phantom” who was growing inside of it. President Molina mentioned repeatedly the national media reports to affirm that the inner conflict between the Faculty of Medicine and University authorities was a “national security matter”. The Salvadoran media were aligned with political speech, very anti-comunnist, to make a narrative, used to debate the political role played by the University; objectives and limitations of the autonomy granted on the 1950 Constitution, and historical revisionism of Osorio and Lemus’s military governments, whom were responsabilized by the “hazard” who University represented for national status quo defended by military forces.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 158, 2021: 61-96.
Political Education
Authors: Todd-Breland Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

In 2012, Chicago’s school year began with the city’s first teachers’ strike in a quarter century and ended with the largest mass closure of public schools in recent U.S. history. On one side, a union leader and veteran Black woman educator drew upon organizing strategies from Black and Latinx communities to demand increased school resources. On the other side, the mayor, backed by the Obama administration, argued that only corporate-style education reform could set the struggling school system aright. The stark differences in positions resonated nationally, challenging the long-standing alliance between teachers’ unions and the Democratic Party. This book recovers the hidden history underlying this battle. It tells the story of Black education reformers’ community-based strategies to improve education beginning during the 1960s, as support for desegregation transformed into community control, experimental schooling models that pre-dated charter schools, and black teachers’ challenges to a newly assertive teachers’ union. This book reveals how these strategies collided with the corporate reorganization of the public sphere during the late twentieth century, laying bare ruptures and enduring tensions between the politics of Black achievement, urban inequality, and U.S. democracy.
Complicaciones de la cirrosis hepática en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón
Authors: Muñoz Cedeño Ruben  Gustavo , Martínez Ballesteros Priscila Elizabeth , Santillán López Wendy Fabiola , Paullan Sani Viviana , Rodríguez Chica Gema , Muñoz Cedeño Paola Katherin
Published: November 2021

Introducción: La cirrosis hepática constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud en el mundo, en Ecuador ocupa el séptimo lugar en causas de mortalidad, según datos del INEC. Las complicaciones de esta patología son el principal motivo de internación en las diversas unidades hospitalarias con tasas elevadas de morbilidad y mortalidad.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de cirrosis hepática, edad igual o mayor a 20 años, historia clínica en la que se constató el estudio de factores etiológicos y cualquiera de las complicaciones de esta patología, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2019.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 185 pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática, el sexo femenino predominó con el 56.2%, con una razón hombre:mujer de 1.0:1.3; el grupo etario más frecuente correspondió a aquel entre 60 y 79 años (49.2%). En la escala de Child-Pugh B se encontró el 49.2%; la etiología más frecuente fue la cirrosis por NASH con un 45.4%, seguido por la cirrosis no determinada con el 31.4%, y la cirrosis por alcohol con un 16.8%. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron el sangrado por várices esofágicas con el 79.5%, ascitis con un 66.5% y encefalopatía con un 35.1%.
Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que se debe implementar programa de atención y tratamiento del síndrome metabólico, dado que la principal etiología de la cirrosis fue por NASH, así como también, desarrollar medidas preventivas para las complicaciones, como son las várices esofágicas.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE CINZAS EM ALIMENTOS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A SAÚDE
Authors: Moreira Daniele Buraen , Dias Taiala de Jesus , Rocha Vagner da Costa
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho objetivou o conhecimento do teor de cinzas e umidade presente em duas distintas marcas de aveias e uma de amido de milho, e a interferência deste na saúde do indivíduo.  A preferência por esses alimentos, se deu pelo fato deles apresentarem apenas um mineral na sua composição, essa prerrogativa garante a precisão no resultado. A aveia (Avena sativa L.) A aveia é uma espécie de gramínea anual pertencente à família Poaceae e gênero Avena. Embora existam muitas espécies, as principais cultivadas são a aveia branca (Avena sativa L.), a aveia amarela (Avena byzantina C. Koch. Essa pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Química da Universidade Salvador, foram escolhidas: uma amostra de amido de milho e duas amostras distintas de aveia. O processo de testagem foi realizado em amostras de matéria seca, elas foram identificadas e alocadas para incineração na mufla a 600 ºC por 6 horas, esse mecanismo possibilitou a queima da matéria orgânica presente nas amostras. A partir dos dados analisados, foi possível perceber que os teores de cinzas e umidades das amostras não tinham compatibilidade com os dados apresentados nos rótulos e nas análises, mostrando mais uma vez que, nem sempre existe veracidade das informações prestadas ao consumidor implicando assim em um baixo valor nutricional, e consequentemente danos à saúde do consumidor.
Performance Characterization of Low-cost Air Quality Sensors for Off-grid Deployment in Rural Malawi
Authors: Bittner Ashley S. , Cross Eben S. , Hagan David H. , Malings Carl , Lipsky Eric , Grieshop Andrew
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Low-cost gas and particulate sensor packages offer a compact, lightweight, and easily transportable solution to address global gaps in air quality (AQ) observations. However, regions that would benefit most from widespread deployment of low-cost AQ monitors often lack the reference grade equipment required to reliably calibrate and validate them. In this study, we explore approaches to calibrating and validating three integrated sensor packages before a 1-year deployment to rural Malawi using collocation data collected at a regulatory site in North Carolina, USA. We compare the performance of five computational modelling approaches to calibrate the electrochemical gas sensors: k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) hybrid, random forest (RF) hybrid, high-dimensional model representation (HDMR), multilinear regression (MLR), and quadratic regression (QR). For the CO, Ox, NO, and NO2 sensors, we found that kNN hybrid models returned the highest coefficients of determination and lowest error metrics when validated; they also appeared to be the most transferable approach when applied to field data collected in Malawi. We compared calibrated CO observations to remote sensing data in two regions in Malawi and found qualitative agreement in spatial and annual trends. However, the monthly mean surface observations were 2 to 4 times higher than the remote sensing data, possibly due to proximity to small-scale combustion activity not resolved by satellite imaging. We also compared the performance of the integrated Alphasense OPC-N2 optical particle counter to a filter-corrected nephelometer using collocation data collected at one of our deployment sites in Malawi. We found the performance of the OPC-N2 varied widely with environmental conditions, with the worst performance associated with high relative humidity (RH > 70 %) conditions and influence from emissions from nearby biomass cookstoves. We did not find obvious evidence of systematic sensor performance decay after the 1-year deployment to Malawi; however, overall data recovery was limited by insufficient power and access to technical resources at deployment sites. Future low-cost sensor deployments to rural Sub-Saharan Africa would benefit from adaptable power systems, standardized sensor calibration methodologies, and increased regulatory grade regional infrastructure.
Assessment of tropospheric CALIPSO Version 4.2 aerosol types over the ocean using independent CALIPSO-SODA lidar ratios
Authors: Li Zhujun , Painemal David , Schuster Gregory , Clayton Marian , Ferrare Richard , Vaughan Mark , Josset Damien , Kar Jayanta , Trepte Charles
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We assess the CALIPSO Version 4.2 (V4) aerosol typing and assigned lidar ratios over ocean using aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm and retrieved columnar lidar ratio estimated by combining SODA AOD and CALIPSO attenuated backscatter (CALIPSO-SODA). Six aerosol types – clean marine, dusty marine, dust, polluted continental/smoke, polluted dust, and elevated smoke – are characterized using CALIPSO-SODA over ocean and the results are compared against the prescribed V4 lidar ratios, when only one aerosol type is present in the atmospheric column. For samples detected at 5-km or 20-km spatial resolutions and having AOD > 0.05, the CALIPSO-SODA lidar ratios are significantly different between different aerosol types, and are consistent with the type-specific values assigned in V4 to within 10 sr (except for polluted continental/smoke). This implies that the CALIPSO classification scheme generally categorizes aerosols correctly. We find remarkable daytime/nighttime regional agreement for clean marine aerosol over the open ocean (CALIPSO-SODA = 20–25 sr, V4 = 23 sr), elevated smoke over the southeast Atlantic (CALIPSO-SODA = 65–75 sr, V4 = 70 sr), and dust over the subtropical Atlantic adjacent to the African continent (CALIPSO-SODA = 40–50 sr, V4 = 44 sr). In contrast, daytime polluted continental/smoke lidar ratio is more than 20 sr smaller than the constant V4 vaue for that type, attributed in part to the challenge of classifying tenuous aerosol with low signal-to-noise ratio. Dust over most of the Atlantic Ocean features CALIPSO-SODA lidar ratios less than 40 sr, possibly suggesting the presence of dust mixed with marine aerosols or lidar ratio values that depend on source and evolution of the aerosol plume. The new dusty marine type introduced in V4 features similar magnitudes and spatial distribution as its clean marine counterpart with lidar ratio differences of less than 3 sr, and nearly identical values over the open ocean, implying that some modification of the classification scheme for the marine subtypes is warranted.
Architecture of solution for panoramic image blurring in GIS project application
Authors: Vasić Dejan , Davidović Marina , Radosavljević Ivan , Obradović Đorđe
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Panoramic images captured using laser scanning technologies, which principally produce point clouds, are readily applicable in colorization of point
cloud, detailed visual inspection, road defect detection, spatial entities extraction, diverse map creation, etc. This paper underlines the
importance of images in modern surveying technologies and different GIS projects at the same time having regard to their anonymization in accordance
with law. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a legal framework that sets guidelines for the collection and processing of personal
information from individuals who live in the European Union (EU). Namely, it is a legislative requirement that faces of persons and license plates
of vehicles in the collected data are blurred. The objective of this paper is to present a novel architecture of the solution for a particular
object blurring. The architecture is designed as a pipeline of object detection algorithms that progressively narrows the search space until it
detects the objects to be blurred. The methodology was tested on four data sets counting 5000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 panoramic images. The percentage of accuracy, i.e., successfully detected and blurred objects of interest, was higher than 97 % for each data
set. Additionally, our aim was to achieve efficiency and broad use.
Hydrological Concept Formation inside Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks
Authors: Lees Thomas , Reece Steven , Kratzert Frederik , Klotz Daniel , Gauch Martin , De Bruijn Jens , Kumar Sahu Reetik , Greve Peter , Slater Louise , Dadson Simon
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Neural networks have been shown to be extremely effective rainfall-runoff models, where the river discharge is predicted from meteorological inputs. However, the question remains, what have these models learned? Is it possible to extract information about the learned relationships that map inputs to outputs? And do these mappings represent known hydrological concepts? Small-scale experiments have demonstrated that the internal states of Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs), a particular neural network architecture predisposed to hydrological modelling, can be interpreted. By extracting the tensors which represent the learned translation from inputs (precipitation, temperature) to outputs (discharge), this research seeks to understand what information the LSTM captures about the hydrological system. We assess the hypothesis that the LSTM replicates real-world processes and that we can extract information about these processes from the internal states of the LSTM. We examine the cell-state vector, which represents the memory of the LSTM, and explore the ways in which the LSTM learns to reproduce stores of water, such as soil moisture and snow cover. We use a simple regression approach to map the LSTM state-vector to our target stores (soil moisture and snow). Good correlations (R2 > 0.8) between the probe outputs and the target variables of interest provide evidence that the LSTM contains information that reflects known hydrological processes comparable with the concept of variable-capacity soil moisture stores. The implications of this study are threefold: 1) LSTMs reproduce known hydrological processes. 2) While conceptual models have theoretical assumptions embedded in the model a priori, the LSTM derives these from the data. These learned representations are interpretable by scientists. 3) LSTMs can be used to gain an estimate of intermediate stores of water such as soil moisture. While machine learning interpretability is still a nascent field, and our approach reflects a simple technique for exploring what the model has learned, the results are robust to different initial conditions and to a variety of benchmarking experiments. We therefore argue that deep learning approaches can be used to advance our scientific goals as well as our predictive goals.
Large-eddy simulation of airborne wind energy farms
Authors: Haas Thomas , De Schutter Jochem , Diehl Moritz , Meyers Johan
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The future utility-scale deployment of airborne wind energy technologies requires the development of large-scale multi-megawatt systems. This study aims at quantifying the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and large-scale airborne wind energy systems operating in a farm. To that end, we present a virtual flight simulator combining large-eddy simulations to simulate turbulent flow conditions and optimal control techniques for flight-path generation and tracking. The two-way coupling between flow and system dynamics is achieved by implementing an actuator sector method that we pair to a model predictive controller. In this study, we consider ground-based power generation pumping-mode AWE systems (lift-mode AWES) and on-board power generation AWE systems (drag-mode AWES). For the lift-mode AWES, we additionally investigate different reel-out strategies to reduce the interaction between the tethered wing and its own wake. Further, we investigate AWE parks consisting of 25 systems organized in 5 rows of 5 systems. For both lift- and drag-mode archetypes, we consider a moderate park layout with a power density of 10 MW km−2 achieved at a rated wind speed of 12 m s−1. For the drag-mode AWES, an additional park with denser layout and power density of 28 MW km−2 is also considered. The model predictive controller achieves very satisfactory flight-path tracking despite the AWE systems operating in fully waked, turbulent flow conditions. Furthermore, we observe significant wake effects for the utility-scale AWE systems considered in the study. Wake-induced performance losses increase gradually through the downstream rows of systems and reach in the last row of the parks up to 17 % for the lift-mode AWE park and up to 25 % and 45 % for the moderate and dense drag-mode AWE parks, respectively. For an operation period of 60 minutes at a below-rated reference wind speed of 10 m s−1, the lift-mode AWE park generates about 84.4 MW of power, corresponding to 82.5 % of the power yield expected when AWE systems operate ideally and interaction with the ABL is negligible. For the drag-mode AWE parks, the moderate and dense layouts generate about 86.0 MW and 72.9 MW of power, respectively, corresponding to 89.2 % and 75.6 % of the ideal power yield.
Adopting a toolkit to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process: a case report
Authors: Wafford Q. Eileen , O’Dwyer Linda C.
Published: November 2021

Background: The proliferation of systematic reviews has impacted library operations and activities as librarians support, collaborate, and perform more tasks in the systematic review process. This case report describes a toolkit that librarians with extensive experience in supporting multiple review teams use to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process.Case Presentation: The toolkit is a compilation of documents that we use to effectively communicate with and help review teams understand and navigate each stage of the systematic review process. Elements included in the toolkit and discussed in this case report are intake forms, communication templates and memoranda, a process flow diagram, library guides on tools for retrieval and data appraisal, and established standards for guidance during the write-up stage. We describe the use of the toolkit for both education and project management, with a focus on its use in helping manage team time, resources, and expectations.Discussion: The systematic review toolkit helps librarians connect systematic review steps and tasks to actionable items. The content facilitates and supports discussion and learning by both librarians and team members. This toolkit helps librarians share important information and resources for each stage of the process.
Using genderize.io to infer the gender of first names: how to improve the accuracy of the inference
Authors: Sebo Paul
Published: November 2021

Objective: We recently showed that genderize.io is not a sufficiently powerful gender detection tool due to a large number of nonclassifications. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether the accuracy of inference by genderize.io can be improved by manipulating the first names in the database.Methods: We used a database containing the first names, surnames, and gender of 6,131 physicians practicing in a multicultural country (Switzerland). We uploaded the original CSV file (file #1), the file obtained after removing all diacritic marks, such as accents and cedilla (file #2), and the file obtained after removing all diacritic marks and retaining only the first term of the compound first names (file #3). For each file, we computed three performance metrics: proportion of misclassifications (errorCodedWithoutNA), proportion of nonclassifications (naCoded), and proportion of misclassifications and nonclassifications (errorCoded).Results: naCoded, which was high for file #1 (16.4%), was reduced after data manipulation (file #2: 11.7%, file #3: 0.4%). As the increase in the number of misclassifications was small, the overall performance of genderize.io (i.e., errorCoded) improved, especially for file #3 (file #1: 17.7%, file #2: 13.0%, and file #3: 2.3%).Conclusions: A relatively simple manipulation of the data improved the accuracy of gender inference by genderize.io. We recommend using genderize.io only with files that were modified in this way.
Video killed the multiple-choice quiz: capturing pharmacy students’ literature searching skills using a screencast video assignment
Authors: Jones Emily P. , Wisniewski Christopher S.
Published: November 2021

Background: In a flipped, required first-year drug information course, students were taught the systematic approach to answering drug information questions, commonly utilized resources, and literature searching. As co-coordinator, a librarian taught three weeks of the course focused on mobile applications, development of literature searching skills, and practicing in PubMed. Course assignments were redesigned in 2019 based on assessment best practices and replaced weekly multiple-choice quizzes used in prior iterations of the course.Case Presentation: Following two weeks of literature searching instruction, students were assigned a drug information question that would serve as the impetus for the search they conducted. Students (n=66) had one week to practice and record a screencast video of their search in PubMed. Students narrated their video with an explanation of the actions being performed and were assessed using a twenty-point rubric created by the course coordinator and librarian. The librarian also created general feedback videos for each question by recording screencasts while performing the literature searches and clarifying troublesome aspects for students. The librarian spent about twenty-four hours grading and six hours writing scripts, recording, and editing feedback videos.Conclusion: Most students performed well on the assignment and few experienced technical difficulties. Instructors will use this assignment and feedback method in the future. Screencast videos proved an innovative way to assess student knowledge and to provide feedback on literature searching assignments. This method is transferrable to any medical education setting and could be used across all health professions to improve information literacy skills.
Developing a Library Accessibility Plan: A Practical Guide for Librarians
Authors: Pionke JJ
Published: November 2021

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Analyzing University of Virginia Health publications using open data, Python, and Streamlit
Authors: Parker Anson , Heflin Abbey , Jones Lucy Carr
Published: November 2021

As part of a larger project to understand the publishing choices of UVA Health authors and support open access publishing, a team from the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library analyzed an open data set from Europe PMC, which includes metadata from PubMed records. We used the Europe PMC REST API to search for articles published in 2017–2020 with “University of Virginia” in the author affiliation field. Subsequently, we parsed the JSON metadata in Python and used Streamlit to create a data visualization from our public GitHub repository. At present, this shows the relative proportions of open access versus subscription-only articles published by UVA Health authors. Although subscription services like Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions allow users to do similar analyses, we believe this is a novel approach to doing this type of bibliometric research with open data and open source tools.
Sharing electronically and accessibly in library-led instruction
Authors: Dahm Julia Jankovic , Reese Julia Grace
Published: November 2021

The electronic information and technology accessibility project is a strategic overhauling of the digital instructional materials of the Health Sciences Library System (HSLS) to comply with the accessibility standards established in a 2020 University of Pittsburgh policy. Though these technologies have existed for quite some time, library instructors were not skilled in the actual creation and design of documents, web content, and presentations with accessibility in mind. Over the past year and a half, a team within HSLS developed detailed guidance and education on universal design and creating an inclusive online learning environment. These guidelines were developed in accordance with Section 508 and the WCAG2.1, with a focus on an improved experience for the D/deaf community and those with visual impairments. We initially made accessibility improvements to online subject guides, in-person presentations, and digitally shared class materials. The COVID-19 pandemic and complete shift to virtual instruction then necessitated the evaluation of platforms used in remote learning (such as Zoom and Panopto), where accessibility best practices needed to be incorporated. This article highlights going beyond in-program accessibility checkers and describes how library technology experts and content creators worked together to bridge the gap of accessibility in the information we share.
Identifying gaps in consumer health library collections: a retrospective review
Authors: Giannopoulos Eleni , Snow Michelle , Manley Mollie , McEwan Katie , Stechkevich Andrew , Giuliani Meredith Elana , Papadakos Janet
Published: November 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to determine if search request forms, which are used when a patron’s request for information cannot be fulfilled at the time of contact with the library team, can be used to identify gaps in consumer health library collections.Case Presentation: Search request forms were collected from 2013 to 2020 and analyzed independently by two reviewers. Search request forms were included if they were complete and contained a record of how the request was fulfilled. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patron characteristics. Search request forms were iteratively coded to identify themes in the data and determine if resources provided to patrons could be found within the library collection. The study team subsequently reviewed search request forms to determine reasons for identified gaps. Two hundred and forty-nine search request forms were analyzed. Six main content themes were identified: 1) understanding the cancer diagnosis, 2) cancer treatments, 3) understanding disease prognosis, 4) support during and after treatment, 5) natural health products and therapeutic effects in oncology, and 6) research literature. The majority of patrons were patients (53%). Over half (60%) of the submitted search request forms reflected collection gaps, and many (16%) contained queries for information about rare cancer diagnoses. The main reason that queries could not be satisfied was that there was limited consumer health information on the requested topics (53%).Conclusions: Search request forms are a useful resource for assessing gaps in consumer health library collections.
RPCA FOR INCORRECT UPPER AIR RADIO SOUNDING DATA DETECTION
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, KOZIN A. M. , LYKOV A. D. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, VYAZANKIN I. A. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, VYAZANKIN A. S. ,   Central Aerological Observatory
Published: November 2021

The “Middle Atmosphere” Regional Information and Analytic Center (Central Aerological Observatory) works out algorithms for analyzing the quality of aerological data based on machine learning methods. Different approaches to the data preparation are described, the examples of data that were rejected using standard approaches are given, the ways to develop and improve the quality of aerological information transmitted to the WMO international network are outlined.
DETERMINATION OF WIND SHEAR AND TURBULENCE INTENSITY ACCORDING TO YAK42-D “ROSHYDROMET” RESEARCH AIRCRAFT DATA
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, VOLKOV V. V. , STRUNIN M. A. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, STRUNIN A. M. ,   Central Aerological Observatory
Published: November 2021

The results of the development and comparative analysis of methods for determining wind shear in the atmosphere (regression and difference ones) based on research aircraft data are presented. It is shown that shear calculation by the regression method gives the error of 0.002-0.006 (m/s)/km (depending on the length of the measurement sections) for horizontal shears and 0.04-0.12 (m/s)/100 m for vertical shears; the respective error of the difference method is 0.007 (m/s)/km and 0.07 (m/s)/100 m. Based on the Yak-42D “Roshydromet” research aircraft data, the values of shears of two horizontal components of wind speed in three directions (two horizontal and vertical) were calculated. According to the data of two research aircraft flights, the maximum values of the horizontal shear of wind speed components were reached above the boundary layer and were equal to 0.2 (m/s)/km, and the vertical shear was 1.2 (m/s)/100 m. The energy profiles of horizontal and vertical turbulent pulsations are constructed, it is shown that intense turbulence smooths wind shears in the convective atmospheric boundary layer.
METEOROLOGICAL ROCKET SOUNDING FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND MONITORING OF GEOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, KUMINOV A. A. , YUSHKOV V. A. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, GVOZDEV YU. N. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, SHTYRKOV O. V. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, LYKOV A. D. ,   Central Aerological Observatory, BALUGIN N. V. ,   Central Aerological Observatory
Published: November 2021

The brief description of technical specification of meteorological rockets used at Roshydromet stations, including the exposition of the MERA new meteorological rocket with a lift up to 100 km, MRS 100 rocketsonde, onboard measuring and service equipment, is presented. The technique for measuring atmospheric parameters and the results of investigating long-term variability of temperature and wind in the stratosphere and mesosphere according to long-term (1969-1995) data of meteorological rocket sounding at Volgograd station are considered. It is shown that in the altitude range from 25 to 75 km, trends in temperature and wind speed over Volgograd station for 1969-1995 are nonlinear and, at most altitudes, nonmonotonic. An increase with altitude in the range of trend variations in the analyzed parameters during the surveyed period is discovered: up to 15-19 K in the lower and middle mesosphere for temperature, up to 15 m/s at the stratopause for the zonal component of wind speed, up to 10 m/s in the lower mesosphere for its meridional component.