bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three New Clerodane Diterpenoids and Their NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Inhibitory Activity from Callicarpa arborea Roxb
Authors: Zeb Muhammad Aurang , Ding Ling , Wang Meng‐Ru , Tu Wen‐Chao , Li Xiao‐Li , Zhang Xing‐Jie , Xiao Wei‐Lie
Published: November 2023

Three new compounds callicarpenoids A−C (1–3), were isolated from the stems of Callicarpa arborea Roxb together with fifteen known compounds (4–18). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using advanced spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, ECD, and quantum chemical calculations. Compound 3, a rare rearranged diterpenoid with a fused 5/6‐ring system demonstrated strong potential as an inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation with an IC50 value of 3.153 μM. It effectively reduced GSDMD‐NT production, inhibited caspase‐1 activation, and suppressed IL‐1β secretion, thereby mitigating NLRP3 inflammasome‐induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells. These findings suggest that compound 3 warrants further research and development as a promising NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor.
A tale of two in stent restenosis in same patient: Surprising findings from optical coherence tomography
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Roy Shubhajeet , Chaudhary Gaurav , Vishwakarma Pravesh , Chandra Sharad , Hasibuzzaman Md. Al
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

The morphology of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) in drug eluting stents varies greatly from that of bare metal stents. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a useful aid for identifying the nature of ISR and planning the treatment accordingly, which may be by intravascular lithotripsy, cutting balloon or Rotablator, which can be used upfront if OCT shows calcified neoatherosclerosis.

Restenosis is the decrease in the diameter of the vessel lumen after the performance of percutaneous intervention (PCI), which may or may not involve the implantation of a stent. The morphology of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) in drug eluting stents (DES) vary greatly from that of bare metal stents (BMS). We present the case of a 60‐years‐old lady, who was a follow up case of PCI of the left anterior descending artery with DES and left circumflex artery using BMS 16 years ago. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed both neoatherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia in both DES as well as BMS. The morphology of ISR in DES differed from that of BMS. PCI and pharmacological strategies form the main stream of management in case of neointimal hyperplasia. Detection of pattern of ISR on OCT can direct the management of a particular patient, which may be by the use of adjunct devices like intravascular lithotripsy, cutting balloon and Rotablator, which can be used upfront if OCT shows calcified neoatherosclerosis.
Data‐driven modelling for online fault pre‐warning in thermal power plant using incremental Gaussian mixture regression
Authors: Jin Shengxiang , Si Fengqi , Dong Yunshan , Ren Shaojun
Published: November 2023

This study introduces a data‐driven model for online fault pre‐warning in thermal power plants using incremental Gaussian mixture regression. To tackle the issue of outdated parameters in existing fault pre‐warning models, this study puts forth an incremental Gaussian mixture regression that leverages the merging of Gaussian components to reconstruct the model and enable online modelling. Due to its criticality, a forgetting factor is introduced during the merging process to efficiently manage the weight allocation between present and historical patterns, thereby guaranteeing the model's accuracy. The results of the sine function case demonstrate that the incremental Gaussian mixture regression (IGMR) model exhibits excellent pattern control performance and modelling efficiency. Furthermore, the IGMR model is employed to forecast parameter alterations in pulverizer blockages with mode switching, and experimental validation indicates that IGMR precisely anticipates parameter changes following mode switching. Compared to on‐site solutions, the pre‐warning of coal blockage has a clear advantage in advance warning.
An Observational Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir in Lactating Influenza Patients
Authors: Fodor Eszter , Nagy Regina N. , Nógrádi András , Toovey Stephen , Kamal Mohamed A. , Vadász Péter , Bencsik Péter , Görbe Anikó , Ferdinandy Péter
Published: November 2023

Influenza infection may lead to serious complications in the postpartum period, therefore, oseltamivir treatment in these patients and their breastfed infants is of great importance. However, the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in postpartum lactating women with acute influenza infection, and the consequent infant exposure to oseltamivir are still unknown, and these data would help in assessing risk and the need for dose adjustment in breastfed infants. Six lactating women with influenza‐like symptoms, at a standard dose of 75 mg oral oseltamivir twice daily for 5 days, were recruited in this phase IV clinical study during the 2011/2012 H1N1 pandemic seasons. Breast milk/colostrum and venous blood samples were taken at multiple timepoints, maternal urine samples were obtained from total output within the 12‐hour observational period following the seventh dose of oseltamivir. Oseltamivir phosphate (OP) reached a maximum 69.5 ± 29.4 ng/mL concentration in breast milk, higher than that found in the plasma, and showed elimination within ~ 8 hours. Oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite of OP) showed a lower, nearly steady‐state concentration in breast milk during the observational period (maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) = 38.4 ± 12.9 ng/mL). Based on estimated daily milk consumption of exclusively breastfed infants, their calculated daily exposure is < 0.1% of the infant dose of oseltamivir for treatment of influenza as per marketing authorization. Here, we provide the first maternal breast milk pharmacokinetic data for oral multiple‐dose oseltamivir in lactating patients with influenza and showed that its concentration in the breast milk is not sufficient to reach a therapeutic dose for breastfed infants.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin LecB modulates intracellular reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils
Authors: Sanchez Klose Felix P. , Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Bergqvist Linda , Scheffler Julia M. , Jönsson Katarina , Islander Ulrika , Karlsson‐Bengtsson Anna , Bylund Johan , Venkatakrishnan Vignesh
Published: November 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram‐negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen ubiquitously present throughout nature. LecB, a fucose‐, and mannose‐binding lectin, is a prominent virulence factor of P. aeruginosa, which can be expressed on the bacterial surface but also be secreted. However, the LecB interaction with human immune cells remains to be characterized. Neutrophils comprise the first line of defense against infections and their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of extracellular traps (NETs) are critical antimicrobial mechanisms. When profiling the neutrophil glycome we found several glycoconjugates on granule and plasma membranes that could potentially act as LecB receptors. In line with this, we here show that soluble LecB can activate primed neutrophils to produce high levels of intracellular ROS (icROS), an effect that was inhibited by methyl fucoside. On the other hand, soluble LecB inhibits P. aeruginosa‐induced icROS production. In support of that, during phagocytosis of wild‐type and LecB‐deficient P. aeruginosa, bacteria with LecB induced less icROS production as compared with bacteria lacking the lectin. Hence, LecB can either induce or inhibit icROS production in neutrophils depending on the circumstances, demonstrating a novel and potential role for LecB as an immunomodulator of neutrophil functional responses.
A Review of Mechanistic Models for Predicting Adverse Effects in Sediment Toxicity Testing
Authors: Burgess Robert M. , Kane Driscoll Susan , Bejarano Adriana C. , Davis Craig Warren , Hermens Joop L. M. , Redman Aaron D. , Jonker Michiel T. O.
Published: November 2023

Since recognizing the importance of bioavailability for understanding the toxicity of chemicals in sediments, mechanistic modeling has advanced over the last 40 years by building better tools for estimating exposure and making predictions of probable adverse effects. Our review provides an up-to-date survey of the status of mechanistic modeling in contaminated sediment toxicity assessments. Relative to exposure, advances have been most substantial for non-ionic organic contaminants (NOCs) and divalent cationic metals, with several equilibrium partitioning-based (Eq-P) models having been developed. This has included the use of Abraham equations to estimate partition coefficients for environmental media. As a result of the complexity of their partitioning behavior, progress has been less substantial for ionic/polar organic contaminants. When the EqP-based estimates of exposure and bioavailability are combined with water-only effects measurements, predictions of sediment toxicity can be successfully made for NOCs and selected metals. Both species sensitivity distributions and toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models are increasingly being applied to better predict contaminated sediment toxicity. Furthermore, for some classes of contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, adverse effects can be modeled as mixtures, making the models useful in real-world applications, where contaminants seldomly occur individually. Despite the impressive advances in the development and application of mechanistic models to predict sediment toxicity, several critical research needs remain to be addressed. These needs and others represent the next frontier in the continuing development and application of mechanistic models for informing environmental scientists, managers, and decisions makers of the risks associated with contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1778–1794. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Embryonic Exposure to the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol Decreases Fertility of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Raza Yamin , Mertens Emily , Zink Lauren , Lu Zhe , Doering Jon A. , Wiseman Steve
Published: November 2023

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are emerging contaminants of concern. They are added to a variety of products, including building materials, personal care products, paints, and plastics, to prevent degradation caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Despite widespread occurrence in aquatic environments, little is known regarding the effects of BUVSs on aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of exposure to 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (UV-P) on the reproductive success of zebrafish (Danio rerio) following embryonic exposure. Embryos were exposed, by use of microinjection, to UV-P at <1.5 (control), 2.77, and 24.25 ng/g egg, and reared until sexual maturity, when reproductive performance was assessed, following which molecular and biochemical endpoints were analyzed. Exposure to UV-P did not have a significant effect on fecundity. However, there was a significant effect on fertilization success. Using UV-P-exposed males and females, fertility was decreased by 8.75% in the low treatment group and by 15.02% in the high treatment group relative to control. In a reproduction assay with UV-P-exposed males and control females, fertility was decreased by 11.47% in the high treatment group relative to the control. Embryonic exposure to UV-P might have perturbed male sex steroid synthesis as indicated by small changes in blood plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone, and small statistically nonsignificant decreases in mRNA abundances of cyp19a1a, cyp11c1, and hsd17b3. In addition, decreased transcript abundances of genes involved in spermatogenesis, such as nanos2 and dazl, were observed. Decreases in later stages of sperm development were observed, suggesting that embryonic exposure to UV-P impaired spematogenesis, resulting in decreased sperm quantity. The present study is the first to demonstrate latent effects of BUVSs, specifically on fish reproduction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:385–397. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Toxicity of Wildland Fire Retardants to Rainbow Trout in Short Exposures
Authors: Puglis Holly J. , Iacchetta Michael
Published: November 2023

Long-term wildland fire retardants are one important tool used to control and suppress wildfires. During suppression activities, these retardants may enter water bodies; thus, there is a need to understand their potential effects on aquatic biota. We investigated the effect of three current-use wildland fire retardants to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) survival in short exposures more realistic to actual intrusion scenarios. Lethal effect concentrations decreased with time and varied among chemicals (LC95A-R > 259-Fx > MVP-Fx). The lowest effect concentrations observed were 2 to 10 times above the threshold used by federal agencies to assess potential impacts to aquatic organisms following a retardant intrusion. These data can be used by resource managers to balance wildfire control with potential environmental impacts of retardant use. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:398–404. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
From structural design to delivery: mRNA therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Feng , Huang Lujia , Li Shiqin , Yang Wenfang , Chen Fangmin , Cai Zhixiong , Liu Xiaolong , Xu Wujun , Lehto Vesa‐Pekka , Lächelt Ulrich , Huang Rongqin , Shi Yang , Lammers Twan , Tao Wei , Xu Zhi Ping , Wagner Ernst , Xu Zhiai , Yu Haijun
Published: November 2023

mRNA therapeutics have emerged as powerful tools for cancer immunotherapy in accordance with their superiority in expressing all sequence‐known proteins in vivo. In particular, with a small dosage of delivered mRNA, antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) can synthesize mutant neo‐antigens and multi‐antigens and present epitopes to T lymphocytes to elicit antitumor effects. In addition, expressing receptors like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), T‐cell receptor (TCR), CD134, and immune‐modulating factors including cytokines, interferons, and antibodies in specific cells can enhance immunological response against tumors. With the maturation of in vitro transcription (IVT) technology, large‐scale and pure mRNA encoding specific proteins can be synthesized quickly. However, the clinical translation of mRNA‐based anticancer strategies is restricted by delivering mRNA into target organs or cells and the inadequate endosomal escape efficiency of mRNA. Recently, there have been some advances in mRNA‐based cancer immunotherapy, which can be roughly classified as modifications of the mRNA structure and the development of delivery systems, especially the lipid nanoparticle platforms. In this review, the latest strategies for overcoming the limitations of mRNA‐based cancer immunotherapies and the recent advances in delivering mRNA into specific organs and cells are summarized. Challenges and opportunities for clinical applications of mRNA‐based cancer immunotherapy are also discussed.
Language and private debt renegotiation
Authors: Godlewski Christophe J.
Published: November 2023

We study how language affects private debt renegotiation. We predict that stronger future time reference (FTR) languages alter the importance of renegotiation risk by lowering the perceived value of loan renegotiation. We test this hypothesis on a sample of 6500 loans issued to European firms between 1999 and 2017. We find that the use of a stronger FTR language decreases the likelihood of renegotiation and the number of renegotiation rounds. These findings are robust to several FTR proxies, various specifications including loan, borrower, and country‐level variables, and potential mitigation effects from specific loan, country, or time effects. They suggest that linguistic structure influences the renegotiation process of private debt contracts.
Development of an In Vivo Model to Study Testicular Morphogenesis
Authors: DUFOUR JANNETTE M. , RAJOTTE RAY V. , KORBUTT GREGORY S.
Published: November 2023

We have developed an in vivo model to examine testicular cord formation by isolated Sertoli and myoid cells when implanted under the kidney capsule of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Neonatal porcine Sertoli (92.5% ± 3.5%) and myoid (2.2% ± 0.7%) cellular aggregates were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of SCID mice. Grafts were removed between 0 and 60 days posttransplantation and examined histologically for the progressive development of structures resembling testicular cords. Aggregates began to reorganize by day 3, and cord structures were present at day 7 posttransplantation. These structures became larger and more defined as the time progressed after implantation. To localize Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells, grafts were immunostained for the Sertoli cell proteins, vimentin, DNA transcription factor GATA‐4, and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), as well as for a myoid cell protein, smooth muscle alphaactin. In the “seminiferous” epithelial layer, the Sertoli cells were arranged with their nuclei along the basal edge adjacent to the peritubular myoid cells that were surrounding the tubules. Moreover, the expression of MIS mimicked that during porcine testicular development, suggesting the Sertoli cells were developing normally. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected in the Sertoli cells at all time points, indicating the proliferation of Sertoli cells in the grafts, which is consistent with Sertoli cell proliferation prior to puberty in the native porcine testis. These results suggest that the specific factors required for cord formation and prepubertal development are inherent in the transplanted cells. Moreover, we have developed a novel in vivo transplantation model to study seminiferous cord formation and prepubertal development.
Presence of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Human Sperm
Authors: BUCHMAN‐SHAKED ORIT , KRAIEM ZAKI , GONEN YAEL , GOLDMAN SHLOMIT
Published: November 2023

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade protein components of the extracellular matrix. The necessity of breakdown of physical barriers in the fertilization process suggests that MMPs, along with their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), might be involved in this task. We have examined the presence of MMP and TIMP in normal and abnormal human sperm samples by gel zymography and Western blot analysis. Thirty‐five normal sperm samples and 35 abnormal sperm samples were examined in this study. Gel zymography showed 92‐, 72‐, 62‐, and 28‐kd molecular‐weight bands exhibiting gelatin‐degrading activity in both normal and abnormal sperm samples. The 92‐, 72‐, and 62‐kd bands with gelatinolytic activity are consistent with pro‐MMP‐9, pro‐MMP‐2, and active MMP‐2, respectively (pro‐MMP being the zymogen of MMP). Western blot analysis showed the presence of TIMP‐1 in both normal and abnormal sperm samples. A higher 28‐kd activity and a lower 92‐kd MMP activity in normal sperm samples relative to abnormal samples were detected. No marked difference in TIMP‐1, 72‐kd, and 62‐kd release was observed between normal and abnormal sperm samples. In conclusion, this is the first report of MMP activity in normal and abnormal human sperm samples and of TIMP presence in sperm samples. The data indicate a different MMP profile between normal and abnormal sperm samples, with a higher 28‐kd activity and a lower 92‐kd MMP activity in normal relative to abnormal samples.
Connect With English: Video Comprehension Book 2
Authors: Cunningham Joyce
Published: November 2023

Pamela McPartland‐Fairman, Michael Berman, Linda Butler, and Maggie Sokolik. Boston: McGraw‐Hill, 1998
Preparation and characterization of a novel composite acellular matrix/hyaluronic acid thermosensitive hydrogel for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Haichao , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhang Jianzhong , Wang Fei , Zhang Peng , Yang Yunbo
Published: November 2023

Bladder mucosa damage that causes harm to the interstitium is a recognized pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). The intravesical instillation of drugs is an important second‐line therapy, but it is often necessary to use drugs repeatedly in the clinic because of their short residence time in the bladder cavity, which alters the therapeutic effect. To overcome this drawback, this study developed a novel composite acellular matrix/hyaluronic acid (HA) thermosensitive hydrogel (HA‐Gel) using rabbit small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (ECM) as the thermosensitive material and HA as the drug component and examined its composition, microstructure, thermodynamic properties, temperature sensitivity, rheological properties, biocompatibility, drug release, hydrogel residue, and bacteriostatic properties. The study showed HA‐Gel was liquid at temperatures of 15–37.5°C and solid at 37.5–50°C, its swelling rate decreased with increasing temperature, and its lower critical solution temperature occurred at approximately 37.5°C. This property made the hydrogel liquid at room temperature convenient for intravesical perfusion and turned into a solid about 1 min after entering the body and rising to body temperature to increase its residence time. Subsequent experiments also proved that the gel residue time of HA‐Gel in vivo and the drug release time of HA in vivo could reach more than 5 days, which was significantly higher than that of HA alone, and it had good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Therefore, this hydrogel possesses the proper characteristics to possibly make it an ideal dosage form for IC/BPS intravesical instillation therapy.
Application of Quantitative MRI in Thyroid Eye Disease: Imaging Techniques and Clinical Practices
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Lu Ting , Liu Yuting , Jiang Mengda , Wang Yishi , Song Xuefei , Fan Xianqun , Zhou Huifang
Published: November 2023

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex autoimmune disorder that impairs various orbital structures, leading to cosmetic damage and vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a fundamental diagnostic tool utilized in clinical settings of TED, for its accurate demonstration of orbital lesions and indication of disease conditions. The application of quantitative MRI has brought a new prospect to the management and research of TED, offering more detailed information on morphological and functional changes in the orbit. Therefore, many researchers concentrated on the implementation of different quantitative MRI techniques on TED for the exploration of clinical practices. Despite the abundance of studies utilizing quantitative MRI in TED, there remain considerable barriers and disputes on the best exploitation of this tool. This could possibly be attributed to the complexity of TED and the fast development of MRI techniques. It is necessary that clinical and radiological aspects of quantitative MRI in TED be better integrated into comprehensive insights. Hence, this review traces back 30 years of publications regarding quantitative MRI utilized in TED and elucidates this promising application in the facets of imaging techniques and clinical practices. We believe that a deeper understanding of the application of quantitative MRI in TED will enhance the efficacy of the multidisciplinary management of TED.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Current challenges of microalgae applications: exploiting the potential of non‐conventional microalgae species
Authors: Occhipinti Paride Salvatore , Russo Nunziatina , Foti Paola , Zingale Irene Maria , Pino Alessandra , Romeo Flora Valeria , Randazzo Cinzia L. , Caggia Cinzia
Published: November 2023

The intensified attention to health, the growth of an elderly population, the changing lifestyles, and the medical discoveries have increased demand for natural and nutrient‐rich foods, shaping the popularity of microalgae products. Microalgae thanks to their metabolic versatility represent a promising solution for a ‘green’ economy, exploiting non‐arable land, non‐potable water, capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) and solar energy. The interest in microalgae is justified by their high content of bioactive molecules, such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (as ω‐3 fatty acids), pigments (as β‐carotene, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, zeaxanthin and lutein), or mineral elements. Such molecules are of interest for human and animal nutrition, cosmetic and biofuel production, for which microalgae are potential renewable sources. Microalgae, also, represent effective biological systems for treating a variety of wastewaters and can be used as a CO2 mitigation approach, helping to combat greenhouse gases and global warming emergencies. Recently a growing interest has focused on extremophilic microalgae species, which are easier to cultivate axenically and represent good candidates for open pond cultivation. In some cases, the cultivation and/or harvesting systems are still immature, but novel techniques appear as promising solutions to overcome such barriers. This review provides an overview on the actual microalgae cultivation systems and the current state of their biotechnological applications to obtain high value compounds or ingredients. Moreover, potential and future research opportunities for environment, human and animal benefits are pointed out. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Diversified vegetation types on rangelands promote multiple soil‐based ecosystem services
Authors: Waterhouse Hannah , Aburto Felipe , Rees Gordon , Griffin‐LaHue Deirdre E. , Salls Wilson B. , Rippner Devin A. , Tian Zhiyuan , Scow Kate , O'Geen Anthony T.
Published: November 2023

Rangelands have the potential to be provisioners of ecosystem services, including livestock products, carbon storage and greenhouse gas regulation, water and nutrient cycling, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. Due to their vast extent and landscape heterogeneity, the degree to which different ecological components of rangelands contribute to ecosystem services can be varied. Soils are the foundation of rangeland health and associated ecosystem services. While many studies have examined the effect of grazing intensity on rangeland ecosystem services, few studies have looked at the broader rangeland landscape and how managing varying vegetation types can influence soil‐based ecosystem services. In this study, a suite of physical, chemical, and biological soil health indicators were measured in various vegetation types found within a working cattle ranch, including coastal live oak woodlands, coastal scrublands, annual grassland, and restored native perennial grassland. Based on the measured soil health indicators, results from this study show scrubland significantly diverges from other vegetation types, having higher water infiltration and plant available water, carbon stocks, and a more diverse microbial community that drives more dynamic cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Strategically maintaining scrubland on unproductive, highly erosive slopes downgradient of highly productive grassland areas could maintain forage production while protecting water quality and increasing carbon storage. These results highlight the relevance of holistically evaluating rangeland operations to assess soil function and ecosystem services and the potential risks and co‐benefits of varying vegetation types. Ultimately, process‐based linkages described here may provide a working example of how to manage ranches as functional mosaics of strategically maintained vegetation types.
Non‐performance loans, operation, and recycle efficiency analysis—Dynamic Two‐stage Directional Distance Function Recycle with Assurance Regions model
Authors: Liao Su‐Chuan , Lin Tai‐Yu , Chang Tzu‐Han , Chiu Yung‐ho
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have failed to analyze a bank's operation performance and non‐performing loans at the same time. Therefore, this research uses the Dynamic Two‐stage directional distance function (DDF) Recycle with Assurance Regions (ARs) model to explore the efficiency of Taiwanese banks in their operation stage and recycling stage. The research results are as follows. (1) The six‐year overall average efficiency is .7966. Taipei Star Bank has the best efficiency, and Fubon, Bank SinoPac, and Union Bank have the worst efficiency rankings. (2) Most banks have good efficiency in the operation stage, while efficiency in the recovery cycle stage fluctuates.
Critical analysis of the thermal stability of transesterification vitrimers for 3D‐printing applications based on digital light processing
Authors: Romano Angelo , Konuray Osman , Román Frida , Calventus Yolanda , Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Roppolo Ignazio , Sangermano Marco
Published: November 2023

3D‐printable vitrimers processed by digital light processing (DLP) have been recently developed, based on the transesterification reaction of β‐hydroxyester structures from mono‐ and diacrylate monomers employed in the formulation. These materials show promising repairability and recyclability, in addition to other interesting features such as shape memory and shape reconfigurability. It has been reported that structural changes taking place due to transesterification promote network rearrangement and an enhancement of the thermomechanical properties. However, the elevated temperatures required for the network reconfiguration cast some doubts on their applicability in real‐life scenarios. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the thermal treatment on the thermomechanical properties and relaxation behavior of these materials and discuss the underlying mechanism explaining the observed changes. We identify some critical issues related to use of a monoacrylate containing β‐hydroxyester moieties, and propose solutions to overcome the most relevant drawbacks. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Application of nonthermal atmospheric‐pressure plasma irradiation as a new method for noncatalytic liquid‐phase selective oxidation of polyhydric alcohols
Authors: Chida Tsutomu , Hiromori Kousuke , Shibasaki‐Kitakawa Naomi , Sasaki Shota , Kaneko Toshiro , Takahashi Atsushi
Published: November 2023

We have developed a new liquid‐phase noncatalytic selective oxidation of polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol. This method involves the use of a nonthermal atmospheric‐pressure plasma instead of precious‐metal catalysts. We found that noncatalytic selective oxidation of glycerol achieved a conversion comparable to that achieved by gold‐catalyzed oxidation, and the desired glyceric acid, which is a pharmaceutical raw material, was obtained. When the solution pH was changed from strongly alkaline to neutral, the main reaction switched from the one that occurs in the presence of gold catalysts to the one that occurs in the presence of platinum catalysts. These results suggest that the reactive oxygen species generated by nonthermal atmospheric‐pressure plasma irradiation vary depending on the solution pH.
Investing in general human capital as a relational strategy: Evidence on flexible arrangements with contract workers
Authors: Teodorovicz Thomaz , Lazzarini Sérgio , Cabral Sandro , McGahan Anita M.
Published: November 2023

Research Summary

This article examines a firm's investment in the general skills of contract workers in flexible work arrangements. It theorizes that this investment may prolong a productive firm‐worker collaboration even when workers’ mobility barriers are low. It also proposes that achieving such benefits requires that the firm frames the relational benefits of the investments both to managers and workers. Such a “relational framing” mitigates worker concerns about subsequent productivity demands and manager concerns about worker mobility. Experimental and non‐experimental studies conducted in a multinational cosmetics direct sales company support the theory. Investments in the general skills of workers—even those in flexible work arrangements—can benefit both firms and workers by deepening the firm‐worker relationship while increasing value creation.

Managerial Summary

Should companies train workers in general skills if the workers can easily leave and transfer productivity gains to competing firms? A common answer to this question is “no,” especially when targeting workers hired under flexible arrangements, such as gig workers and direct sales representatives. This article offers a different perspective. It predicts that these investments signal a company's commitment to nurture workers’ development. In turn, workers reciprocate by prolonging a more productive collaboration. Training thus benefits workers and companies. Using relational terms to frame training programs enables the promotion by managers of training opportunities, and uptake by workers. This framing overcomes managerial concerns about worker exit and worker concerns about subsequent productivity demands. Studies conducted in a multinational cosmetics direct sales company support these arguments.
Classical dynamics of vortex solitons from perturbative scattering amplitudes
Authors: Jones Callum R. T.
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We introduce a novel point-particle effective description of ANO vortex solitons in the critical Abelian Higgs Model (AHM) in d = 2 + 1 based on the small winding expansion. Identifying the effective vortices with the elementary quanta of a complex scalar field, relativistic vortex-vortex scattering amplitudes are calculated as a diagrammatic, perturbative expansion in the winding number N. Making use of powerful techniques recently developed for analyzing the post-Minkowskian two-body problem in general relativity, we efficiently extract the contribution to the loop integrals from the classical potential region, with the resulting velocity expansion subsequently resummed to all orders. The main result of this paper is an analytic expression for the classical, vortex-vortex potential at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(N2), or one-loop, with exact velocity dependence. By truncating the resulting effective Hamiltonian at $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(p2) we derive an analytic, perturbative expression for the metric on the 2-vortex moduli space. Finally, the emergence of the critical AHM from the classical limit of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric AHM, and the resulting constraints on the point-particle EFT is described in detail using an on-shell superspace construction for BPS states in d = 2 + 1.
Krylov complexity in the IP matrix model. Part II
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Nishida Mitsuhiro
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We continue the analysis of the Krylov complexity in the IP matrix model. In a previous paper, [1], for a fundamental operator, it was shown that at zero temperature, the Krylov complexity oscillates and does not grow, but in the infinite temperature limit, the Krylov complexity grows exponentially in time as $$ \sim \exp \left(\mathcal{O}\left(\sqrt{t}\right)\right) $$
∼
exp

O

t

. We study how the Krylov complexity changes from a zero-temperature oscillation to an infinite-temperature exponential growth. At low temperatures, the spectral density is approximated as collections of infinite Wigner semicircles. We showed that this infinite collection of branch cuts yields linear growth to the Lanczos coefficients and gives exponential growth of the Krylov complexity. Thus the IP model for any nonzero temperature shows exponential growth for the Krylov complexity even though the Green function decays by a power law in time. We also study the Lanczos coefficients and the Krylov complexity in the IOP matrix model taking into account the 1/N2 corrections. There, the Lanczos coefficients are constants and the Krylov complexity does not grow exponentially as expected.
Functional assessment and outcome following surgical treatment of displaced tibial plateau fractures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Gahr Patrick , Mittlmeier Thomas , Grau Anja , Herlyn Philipp K. E. , Rahn Anja , Fischer Dagmar-C.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Patients with tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are at risk of long-term hampered bipedal locomotion. A retrospective single-center study using patient-related outcome measures and a sophisticated assessment of walking abilities was conducted.

Methods

Adults receiving surgical treatment of an isolated TPF between January 2012 and December 2016 received the KOOS questionnaire together with the invitation for an extensive follow-up examination on the clinical outcome including standardized assessment of the walking abilities (loadsol® system). Outcome was assessed relative to the severity of the injury or time to follow-up. Fractures were classified according to AO/OTA and Luo, respectively.

Results

58 out of 132 eligible patients filled in the questionnaire and participated at a median follow-up of 3.05 years after injury. For the categories “pain”, “mobility”, and “daily life activities”, all patients were rather satisfied and this was virtually not related to the time between fracture and assessment. Relevant limitations were reported for “sports and recreational activities” and “quality of life”. Loading of the previously fractured leg was most evidently changed on stairs and outdoor walking. Outcome was not related to either fracture type severity or time from injury.

Conclusion

Outcome after an isolated TPF is neither related to fracture type, severity of the fracture nor time from injury. Simple gait analysis techniques relying on different tasks appear to yield a more sophisticated image on functional deficits after TPF than classical exam of ground-level walking and correlate quite well with validated patient-related outcome measures as the KOOS.
Artificial intelligence‐based analyses of varus leg alignment and after high tibial osteotomy show high accuracy and reproducibility
Authors: Stotter Christoph , Klestil Thomas , Chen Kenneth , Hummer Allan , Salzlechner Christoph , Angele Peter , Nehrer Stefan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based software for fully automated analysis of leg alignment pre‐ and postoperatively after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) on long‐leg radiographs (LLRs).

Methods

Long‐leg radiographs of 95 patients with varus malalignment that underwent medial open‐wedge HTO were analyzed pre‐ and postoperatively. Three investigators and an AI software using deep learning algorithms (LAMA™, ImageBiopsy Lab, Vienna, Austria) evaluated the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), mechanical axis deviation (MAD), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA). All measurements were performed twice and the performance of the AI software was compared with individual human readers using a Bayesian mixed model. In addition, the inter‐observer intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter‐observer reliability was evaluated by comparing measurements from manual readers. The intra‐reader variability for manual measurements and the AI‐based software was evaluated using the intra‐observer ICC.

Results

Initial varus malalignment was corrected to slight valgus alignment after HTO. Measured by the AI algorithm and manually HKA (5.36° ± 3.03° and 5.47° ± 2.90° to − 0.70 ± 2.34 and − 0.54 ± 2.31), MAD (19.38 mm ± 11.39 mm and 20.17 mm ± 10.99 mm to − 2.68 ± 8.75 and − 2.10 ± 8.61) and MPTA (86.29° ± 2.42° and 86.08° ± 2.34° to 91.6 ± 3.0 and 91.81 ± 2.54) changed significantly from pre‐ to postoperative, while JLCA and mLDFA were not altered. The fully automated AI‐based analyses showed no significant differences for all measurements compared with manual reads neither in native preoperative radiographs nor postoperatively after HTO. Mean absolute differences between the AI‐based software and mean manual observer measurements were 0.5° or less for all measurements. Inter‐observer ICCs for manual measurements were good to excellent for all measurements, except for JLCA, which showed moderate inter‐observer ICCs. Intra‐observer ICCs for manual measurements were excellent for all measurements, except for JLCA and for MPTA postoperatively. For the AI‐aided analyses, repeated measurements showed entirely consistent results for all measurements with an intra‐observer ICC of 1.0.

Conclusions

The AI‐based software can provide fully automated analyses of native long‐leg radiographs in patients with varus malalignment and after HTO with great accuracy and reproducibility and could support clinical workflows.

Level of evidence

Diagnostic study, Level III.
Continuous renal replacement therapy in neonates and children: what does the pediatrician need to know? An overview from the Critical Care Nephrology Section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC)
Authors: Cortina Gerard , Daverio Marco , Demirkol Demet , Chanchlani Rahul , Deep Akash
Published: November 2023

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the preferred method for renal support in critically ill and hemodynamically unstable children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) as it allows for gentle removal of fluids and solutes. The most frequent indications for CRRT include acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid overload (FO) as well as non-renal indications such as removal of toxic metabolites in acute liver failure, inborn errors of metabolism, and intoxications and removal of inflammatory mediators in sepsis. AKI and/or FO are common in critically ill children and their presence is associated with worse outcomes. Therefore, early recognition of AKI and FO is important and timely transfer of patients who might require CRRT to a center with institutional expertise should be considered. Although CRRT has been increasingly used in the critical care setting, due to the lack of standardized recommendations, wide practice variations exist regarding the main aspects of CRRT application in critically ill children.

    Conclusion: In this review, from the Critical Care Nephrology section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC), we summarize the key aspects of CRRT delivery and highlight the importance of adequate follow up among AKI survivors which might be of relevance for the general pediatric community.

What is Known:• CRRT is the preferred method of renal support in critically ill and hemodynamically unstable children in the PICU as it allows for gentle removal of fluids and solutes.• Although CRRT has become an important and integral part of modern pediatric critical care, wide practice variations exist in all aspects of CRRT.

What is New:• Given the lack of literature on guidance for a general pediatrician on when to refer a child for CRRT, we recommend timely transfer to a center with institutional expertise in CRRT, as both worsening AKI and FO have been associated with increased mortality.• Adequate follow-up of PICU patients with AKI and CRRT is highlighted as recent findings demonstrate that these children are at increased risk for adverse long-term outcomes.
What makes life for process mining analysts difficult? A reflection of challenges
Authors: Zimmermann Lisa , Zerbato Francesca , Weber Barbara
Published: November 2023

Over the past few years, several software companies have emerged that offer process mining tools to assist enterprises in gaining insights into their process executions. However, the effective application of process mining technologies depends on analysts who need to be proficient in managing process mining projects and providing process insights and improvement opportunities. To contribute to a better understanding of the difficulties encountered by analysts and to pave the way for the development of enhanced and tailored support for them, this work reveals the challenges they perceive in practice. In particular, we identify 23 challenges based on interviews with 41 analysts, which we validate using a questionnaire survey. We provide insights into the relevancy of the process mining challenges and present mitigation strategies applied in practice to overcome them. While mitigation strategies exist, our findings imply the need for further research to provide support for analysts along all phases of process mining projects on the individual level, but also the technical, group, and organizational levels.
A Study on Ikaite Growth in the Presence of Phosphate
Authors: Strohm Samuel B. , Saldi Giuseppe D. , Mavromatis Vasileios , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Jordan Guntram
Published: November 2023

Phosphate is a common component in natural growth solutions of ikaite. Although phosphate often occurs as a minor constituent, its presence may promote the formation of ikaite as it significantly inhibits the precipitation of calcite. The interactions of phosphate with ikaite and the role of a potential uptake of phosphate by ikaite, however, are poorly understood. In this study, the influence of phosphate on ikaite growth at 1 °C was investigated. Ikaite- and calcite-seeded growth experiments were conducted in cryo-mixed-flow reactors at saturation ratios 1.5 ≤ Ωikaite ≤ 2.9 (Ω = ionic activity product/solubility product). From these growth experiments, the rate constant k = 0.10 ± 0.03 µmol/m2/s and the reaction order n = 0.8 ± 0.3 were derived for ikaite. The reaction order implies a transport- or adsorption-controlled growth mechanism which supports a low energy pathway of ikaite growth via an attachment of hydrous CaCO30 complexes without any extensive dehydration of aqueous species as, for instance, required for calcite growth. A potential depletion of aqueous phosphate due to an uptake by ikaite growth was not detectable. Furthermore, growth retardation by phosphate, as known for calcite growth, was not evident. Thus, a significant incorporation of phosphate into growing ikaite could be precluded for the conditions applied in this study. The observed lack of incorporation of phosphate agrees with the previously suggested growth mechanism via the attachment of hydrous CaCO30 complexes which likely does not facilitate substantial substitution of carbonate by phosphate ions.