bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características morfológicas de vasijas procedentes del sitio Los Bananos (Corrientes, Argentina).
Authors: Píccoli Carolina , Carvallo Mariela
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se presentan las características morfológicas del material cerámico recuperado en el sitio Los Bananos. Este se emplaza en un albardón ubicado en el subtramo norte de la llanura aluvial del Paraná Medio (Goya, Corrientes), y fue ocupado de manera redundante y con permanencias prolongadas durante el Holoceno tardío, por grupos cazadores-recolectores-pescadores con prácticas hortícolas. Mediante la descripción de los perfiles de una muestra conformada por tiestos en los que se distingue el labio, se buscó contribuir a la evaluación de la variabilidad morfológica dentro de la tradición cerámica asociada a la entidad Goya-Malabrigo. Los resultados muestran una mayor representación de formas no restringidas seguidas por formas restringidas simples dependientes, ambas con contorno simple y amplia variabilidad de labios. La evaluación subsecuente permite sostener que, entre todas las elecciones vinculadas con la manufactura de vasijas, una de ellas tenía que ver con la intención de obtener una continuidad entre el labio y el cuerpo del producto final. Lograda la circunferencia deseada en la parte superior del cuerpo se formaba directamente el labio, cuya variabilidad en la forma respondería, en la mayoría de los casos, a la terminación de las piezas a mano. A este repertorio se sumarían vasijas en las que el borde se habría elaborado como una parte distintiva.
Nuevos resultados de los estudios osteológicos del sitio Los Tres Cerros 1 (Delta Superior del Río Paraná).
Authors: Scabuzzo Clara , Ramos van Raap M. Agustina
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se analizan las prácticas mortuorias del sitio Los Tres Cerros 1 (Delta Superior del Paraná) y se evalúan explicaciones sobre el origen de la acumulación ósea y los huesos aislados. Se presenta una actualización del cálculo del NMI (número mínimo de individuos) de la colección osteológica y su estructura sexo-etaria. Asimismo, se detallan las características particulares de los distintos tipos de entierros registrados. La evidencia disponible indica que en el sitio fueron inhumados al menos 35 individuos, de distintas edades y de ambos sexos. Se destaca la selección de diferentes espacios para el entierro de los cuerpos y una compleja manipulación de los entierros. Se propone que la actividad antrópica provocó una gran perturbación en el núcleo de inhumación, debido a la remoción de entierros primarios con el fin de armar paquetes funerarios, algunos de los cuales fueron enterrados en el mismo lugar. Como producto de esta actividad se habría originado parte de la acumulación ósea y la dispersión de huesos aislados.
Análisis de isótopos estables en cerámica arqueológica del Río Salado bonaerense.
Authors: González M. Isabel , Frère M. Magdalena
Published: February 2020

A partir de diferentes análisis  arqueométricos avanzamos en la comprensión del uso de recipientes  de alfarería elaborados por las poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras-pescadoras de la cuenca inferior del río Salado durante el Holoceno tardío. Desde hace más de 15 años estamos realizando  investigaciones de los residuos grasos en las vasijas de cerámica a través de la técnica química de cromatografía gaseosa, análisis la dieta a través de isótopos estables en restos óseos humanos y estudios de la ecología isotópica a partir de recursos arqueológicos de la microrregión. En esta oportunidad integramos estos análisis y sumamos los primeros resultados de los estudios  del procesamiento de alimentos sobre la base de estudios de isótopos estables (δ13C y δ15N) realizados en fragmentos de cerámica. Las muestras fueron  procesadas en  el Instituto Nacional de Geología Isotópica (INGEIS-CONICET-UBA). Los resultados del estudio de isótopos estables mostraron que las vasijas se emplearían para la preparación de distintas recetas con una variedad de ingredientes de  recursos acuáticos continentales tales como herbívoros pequeños y/o medianos, peces y vegetales. Hasta el momento el empleo de estas líneas independientes  de análisis han fortalecido las inferencias realizadas sobre los recursos preparados y consumidos en la microrregión.
Chanáes: aculturación y continuidad
Authors: Bracco Diego
Published: February 2020

El objetivo principal de este artículo es reflexionar sobre cambios y continuidades entre los chanáes. Para ello se ha centrado la atención en los últimos años del siglo XVII e inicios del XVIII, principalmente a través de documentación inédita.  Se ha excedido ese marco cronológico a la hora de considerar lo que parecen vínculos de larga duración con los charrúas, trayendo a consideración un documento del año 1749. Se destacan aspectos del proceso de aculturación relacionados con navegación, trabajo para la sociedad colonial, equitación y sincretismo religioso.
El uso de fotogrametría digital como registro complementario en arqueología. Alcances de la técnica y casos de aplicación
Authors: Moyano Gonzalo
Published: February 2020

En las últimas décadas el campo disciplinar de la Arqueología se ha visto ampliado por un corpus de técnicas y métodos que incluyen el uso de Tecnología Digital, modificando y proponiendo herramientas novedosas al quehacer arqueológico. Sin embargo, en Argentina y Latinoamérica, exceptuando el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, la Arqueología Digital aún no ha permeado demasiado en las prácticas de la disciplina. En este contexto, el presente artículo analiza los alcances y limitaciones de la Fotogrametría Digital, la cual permite la construcción de modelos en tres dimensiones de los objetos relevados aprehendiendo sus propiedades geométricas. Para ello, se presenta la aplicación de la técnica en tres casos que representan diversas especificidades y problemáticas de registro, descripción y representación (i.e. superficies de excavación, artefactos individuales y espacios extensos). El procesamiento de las imágenes con las que se construyeron los modelos se realizó con el programa especializado Agisoft Photoscan©, el cual lleva a cabo un proceso semiautomático de emparejamiento de las imágenes y la construcción de geometría. A partir de este trabajo pudimos observar el potencial de este software y conocer el error milimétrico de los modelos construidos.
Pengetahuan Guru Tentang Konstruksi Tes, Penguasaan Materi Pelajaran Sains Dengan Reliabilitas Tes Buatan Guru
Authors: Sulistianingsih Sulistianingsih
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data empiris hubungan pengetahuan guru tentang konstruksi tes, penguasaan materi pelajaran sains dengan reliabilitas tes buatan guru . Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kabupaten Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan tehnik Multistage random sampling. Penetapan tehnik ini berdasarkan pertimbangan bahwa  sampel yang diharapkan sebagai unit analisis dapat menyebar secara merata agar proposional dan representatitif. Instrumen yang digunakan sebagai alat pengumpul data tentang pengetahuan guru tentang konstruksi tes dan penguasaan materi pelajaran sains menggunakan tes dengan bentuk pilihan ganda dan  reliabilitas tes buatan guru menggunakan tehnik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan hubungan pengetahuan guru tentang konstruksi tes dan penguasaan materi pelajaran sains secara Bersama – sama dengan reliabilitas tes buatan guru adalah positif dan sangat signifikan.
PENGARUH PENGHINDARAN PAJAK, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP BIAYA HUTANG (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2011-2015)
Authors: Sherly Elvis Nopriyanti , Fitria Desi
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of tax avoidance, institutional ownership, and profitability on cost of debt. The sample consisted of 71 manufactured firms in listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2011-2015 by using a purposive sampling method.

The results of the study showed that the tax avoidance had negative effect on cost of debt. The meaning is getting smaller Cash Effective Tax Rate the cost of debt incurred greater. The results of this study also showed that the institutional ownership doesn’t had effect on cost of debt. Furthermore, the result of Return on Assets (ROA) as proxy profitability had a negative effect on cost of debt. The meaning that the higher the profitability of the company then the company will have a high internal funds that can be used in making the use of debt financing is getting smaller which causes the cost of debt also becomes smaller.
Multimodal Metaphor in Ten Dutch TV Commercials
Authors: Forceville Charles
Published: February 2020

Since the publication of Lakoff and Johnson’s Metaphors We Live By (1980), conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) has dominated metaphor studies. While one of the central tenets of that monograph is that metaphors are primarily a phenomenon of thought, not of language, conceptual metaphors have until recently been studied almost exclusively via verbal expressions. Another limitation of the CMT paradigm is that it has tended to focus on deeply embedded metaphors rather than on creative metaphors of the kind that Black (1979) discusses. One result of this focus is that relatively little attention is paid in CMT to the form and appearance a metaphor can assume (cf. Lakoff and Turner 1989). Clearly, which channel(s) of information (language, visuals, sound, gestures, among others) are chosen to convey a metaphor is a central factor in how a metaphor is construed and interpreted. A healthy theory of metaphor as a structuring element of thought therefore requires systematic examination of both its multimodal and its creative manifestations. Conversely, research into non-verbal and multimodal metaphor can help the theorization of multimodality.In this paper it is shown that creative metaphors occurring in commercials usually draw on a combination of language, pictures, and non-verbal sound. After an inventory of parameters involved in the analysis of multimodal metaphors, ten cases are discussed, with specific attention to the role of the various modes in the metaphors’ construal and interpretation. On the basis of the case studies, the last sections of the paper discuss three issues that are crucial for further study: (1) the ways in which similarity is cued in multimodal, as opposed to verbal, metaphors; (2) the problems adhering to the verbalization of multimodal metaphors; (3) the influence of textual genre on the interpretation of multimodal metaphors.
Principles of Corporeal Pragmatics
Authors: Ruthrof Horst
Published: February 2020

In response to recent findings in cognitive linguistics, the paper sums up the principles of ‘corporeal pragmatics’ as they have been developed so far. At the centre of the author’s perceptually oriented investigation of natural language stands the relation between natural language and perception. The paper charges the philosophy of language and linguistics with having for too long committed the sin of Wahrnehmungsvergessenheit, the forgetting of taking for ‘true’ what our senses tell us. The author proposes to redress this imbalance by an argument that linguistic meaning events rely essentially on the activation of empty linguistic schemata by conceptually regulated, iconic sign materials. Such a claim requires a redefinition of the Saussurean signified, the concept, reference and deixis and other terms in the vocabulary of the study of language. The paper concludes by suggesting that corporeal pragmatics has serious implications for disciplines well beyond philosophy, semiotics, and linguistics.
Signs for Language Origins?
Authors: Kendon Adam
Published: February 2020

Taking the recent publication of The Gestural Origin of Language by David Armstrong and Sherman Wilcox as a starting point, this essay discusses a number of issues and difficulties raised by the idea that language first emerged as a gesture-language, only later to become spoken. It is argued that while modern sign languages may throw light on processes that are fundamental to language formation, they cannot be considered representations of an earlier form of language, as some writers seem to suppose, nor does their existence offer any support for a ‘gesture first’ theory. Rather, language must have been, from its first appearance, a multimodal phenomenon. It is pointed out that modern speakers, qua speakers speaking spontaneously, always employ several modalities together in a complex orchestration. However, the model of language generally followed in linguistics, whether the language studied is spoken or signed, does not usually take this into consideration. An abstracted idea of language is usually employed, developed largely because the systematic study of language usually considers language only in its written form, and not as it is manifested when spoken, when it is an activity that involves the whole body, and not just the so-called ‘speech apparatus’.
Meaning in Animal Communication: A Zoosemiotic Analysis
Authors: Pain Stephen
Published: February 2020

[No abstract]
Some modern considerations for thinking about language evolution: A discussion of The Evolution of Language by Tecumseh Fitch
Authors: Kendon Adam
Published: February 2020

[No abstract]
Applying structuralist semiotics to brand image research
Authors: Rossolatos George
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to display a conceptual and methodological framework for brand image research by drawing on the discipline of structuralist semiotics. Upon a critical review of existing research from key authors in the brand semiotics literature and through an engagement with the concept of brand image as formulated by key authors in the marketing literature, a semiotic model is furnished for the formation of brand image and brand identity. By drawing on the structuration process of brand image along the three major strata in a brand’s signification trajectory, and the key operations of reduction, redundancy, recurrence, isotopy, homologation, I focus more narrowly on how the chaining [enchaînement] of elements from the three strata is effected with view to addressing how brand image may be operationalised in structuralist semiotic terms vis a vis a brand’s intended positioning, how it may be linked to a brand’s advertising discourse and how the conceptual framework may yield a platform for ongoing brand image analysis and management.
The Mimesis Hierarchy of semiotic development: Five stages of intersubjectivity in children
Authors: Zlatev Jordan
Published: February 2020

The paper proposes that intersubjectivity develops in children along a progression of five, more or less distinct, stages of semiotic development. The theoretical model within which this is couched is the Mimesis Hierarchy (MH) model (Zlatev & Andrén 2009). As in previous treatments, the MH-model focuses on bodily mimesis, its ―precursors‖ (empathetic perception) and ―post-developments‖ (conventionality, language and narrative). Mimesis is pivotal since it provides the basis for the development of (i) conventions (through imitation), (ii) intentional communication, and (iii) for bringing the two together in communicative, shared representations (signs). The main difference from previous applications is in the treatment of the concepts of representation and communicative intent. Due to recent empirical findings, and a more bodily-enactive and social-oriented perspective, I propose that Stage 2 gives rise to imitation and mimetic schemas (Zlatev 2007, in press), but that the first gestures (or vocalizations) of children are neither externalizations of these "internal representations", nor fully-fledged representations/signs on their own, but action schemas bidirectionally associated with particular contexts. That would explain why the onset of intentional communication occurs in Stage 3 with pointing and other deictic gestures (such as showing), which are not representations or fully-fledged (explicit) signs, but rather performative communicative acts, accompanied with makers of communicative intent. It is first in Stage 4 that the proto-representations of Stage 2 and the communicative intent of Stage 3 are combined to give rise to communicative iconic gestures, and more generally to the "insight" of using communicative, shared representations, or what is commonly referred to as symbols or signs.
Communicology and Culturology: Semiotic Phenomenological Method in Applied Small Group Research
Authors: Lanigan Richard L.
Published: February 2020

Communicology is the science of human communication where consciousness is constituted as a medium of communication at four interconnected levels of interaction experience: intrapersonal (embodied), interpersonal (dyadic), group (social), and inter-group (cultural). The focus of the paper is the group level of communication across generations, thus constituting inter-group communication that stabilizes norms (forms a culture). I propose to explicate the way in which the method of semiotic phenomenology informs the pioneering work at the University of Toronto by Tom McFeat, a Harvard trained cultural anthropologist, on small group cultures as an experimental research methodology. Rather than the cognitiveanalytic (Husserl‘s transcendental eidetic) techniques suggest by Don Ihde as a pseudo "experimental phenomenology", McFeat provides an applied method for the empirical experimental constitution of culture in conscious experience. Group cultures are constructed in the communicological practices of group formation and transformation by means of a selfgenerating group narrative (myth) design. McFeat‘s method consists of three steps of culture formation by communication that are: (1) Content-Ordering, (2) Task-Ordering, and (3) Group-Ordering, i.e., what Ernst Cassirer and Karl Jaspers call the logic of culture or Culturology. These steps are compared to the descriptive phenomenology research procedures suggested by Amedeo Giorgi following Husserl‘s approach: (1) Find a sense of the whole, (2) Determine meaning units, (3) Transform the natural attitude expressions into phenomenologically, psychologically sensitive expressions. A second correlation will be made to Richard Lanigan‘s semiotic phenomenology method following the work of Cassirer, Jaspers, and Merleau-Ponty: (1) Description of Signs, (2) Reduction of Signifiers, and (3) Interpretation of Signifieds.
Motivations for Sound Symbolism in Spatial Deixis: A Typological Study of 101 Languages
Authors: Johansson Niklas , Zlatev Jordan
Published: February 2020

We investigated possible motivations for sound symbolism in spatial demonstratives within 101 areally and genetically diverse languages. Six different predictions were formulated on the basis of factors such as (a) semiotic ground (iconic, indexical or combined), (b) speaker-centered, hearer-centered or both and (c) applicable to vowels, consonants or both. Each one of these six predictions resulted in different expected scales of phonemes on the proximal-distal dimension. Languages which conformed to these scales were regarded as motivated (according to a particular prediction). Languages which opposed it were treated as reverse, and if neither was the case, as neutral. The results showed significant motivated/reverse and motivated/neutral ratios only for the prediction based on vowel-frequency, motivated by a combination of iconic and indexical factors, and marginal support for the other predictions concerning vowels. The two predictions based on an assumed link between preverbal vocal pointing and demonstratives also found some, if weaker, support. The only prediction that was completely unsupported concerned the frequency of consonants. The conclusions are that a number of factors combine to motivate sound symbolism in spatial deixis, which appears to involve vowels more than consonants.
¬Peirce’s Creative Hallucinations in the Ontogeny of Abductive Reasoning
Authors: West Donna E
Published: February 2020

This inquiry proposes that Peirce’s ultimate concept of dreams, which can be sub-divided in seven different functions, supply the raw material for habit-change inherent in every plausible inference. With references to developmental literature, I propose that dreams represent an outlet whereby children rely upon vivid directional icons of events (virtual habits) in reconciling logical anomalies provoked by unexpected happenings. Accordingly, dreams supply insights into how potential happenings materialize – identifying which factors can enhance/enrich the effectiveness of potential event outcomes. Dreams of this creative kind are not obsessional or socially driven but rather form the bedrock for conceiving of many meritorious insights, as shown in phenomena like children’s prelinguistic habits, word substitutions, overextensions, role-play and perspective taking.
Annuntiatio Domini: Metaphoric conceptualization and gesture analysis in painted representations of the Annunciation
Authors: Poppi Fabio Indìo Massimo , Kravanja Peter
Published: February 2020

In this article, we analyze ten artistic paintings of the Annunciation ranging from the XV century to the XX century in order to describe how the interaction between pictorially represented gestures and other pictorial elements allows them to convey more abstract meanings. Applying a historical approach to the gestures expressed by Mary, we show how — despite the different artistic approaches and sensitivities — her hand gestures always have a primary importance in conveying the meanings of PRUDENCE, CAU¬TION, FEAR, SURPRISE, CONCERN and GRATITUDE. We show how such gestures can be related to ordinary linguistic expressions that present analogous meanings. It is thus shown how gestural metaphor may interact with other modalities in pictorial representations.
Culture in the layers of contemporary discourses and historical archives: A review of Anna Maria Lorusso’s Cultural Semiotics
Authors: Lenninger Sara
Published: February 2020

In Anna Maria Lorusso’s book Cultural semiotics: For a cultural perspective in semiotics (Lorusso, 2015) the reader is offered an initiated review of key representatives of 20th century structuralism in semiotics and its entries into poststructuralism, with focus on method of analysis. Related to the theoretical discussions on semiotics and culture, Lorusso offers a series of case studies in semiotic analysis of cultural texts. In this review article, I discuss and evaluate the four strands in cultural semiotics suggested by Lorusso. Further, I draw implications for deciding on the themes and objects of studies in a semiotic realm that focuses on text.
Stories of resistance in Greek street Art: A cognitive-semiotic approach
Authors: Stampoulidis Georgios
Published: February 2020

In line with cognitive semiotics, this paper suggests a synthetic account of the important but controversial notion of narrative (in street art, and more generally): one that distinguishes between three levels: (a) narration, (b) underlying story, and (c) frame-setting. The narrative potential of street art has not yet been considerably studied in order to offer insights into how underlying stories may be reconstructed from the audience and how different semiotic systems contribute to this. The analysis is mainly based on three contemporary street artworks and two political cartoons from the 1940s, involving the same frame-setting, which may be labeled as “Greece vs. Powerful Enemy.” The study is built on fieldwork research that was carried out during several periods in central Athens since 2014. The qualitative analyses with the help of insights from phenomenology show that single static images do not narrate stories themselves (primary narrativity), but rather presuppose such stories, which they can prompt or trigger (secondary narrativity). Notably, the significance of sedimented socio-cultural experience, collective memory and contextual knowledge that the audience must recruit in order to reconstruct the narrative potential through the process of secondary narrativity is stressed.

 

Author BiographyGeorgios Stampoulidis, Centre for Language and Literature, Division for Cognitive Semiotics, Lund University, Sweden

Georgios Stampoulidis is a PhD candidate at the Division for Cognitive Semiotics at Lund University. His research interests are in the fields of polysemiotic communication and multimodality, narrative and metaphor, and urban creativity. His work focuses on street art as a cross-cultural medium of meaning-making, cultural production and political intervention in urban space, and thus, he has previously conducted fieldwork in Athens, Greece. His most recent publications are “A Cognitive Semiotic Exploration of Metaphors in Greek Street Art” (Cognitive Semiotics, 2019) and “Urban Creativity in Abandoned Places. Xenia Hotels Project, Greece” (Nuart Journal, 2019). Currently, he is research fellow at Urban Creativity Lund and Scandinavian Metaphor networks.
The wheel of time: How abstract concepts emerge
Authors: Jurewicz Joanna
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to show how conceptual metonymy, metaphor and blending, as discussed in cognitive linguistics, can be used in the investigation on the beginning of abstraction in philosophical thinking. The analysis is based on selected stanzas from the Ṛgveda (ca. 13th BC), the Atharvaveda (ca. 10-9th BC) and the Mahābhārata (ca. 4th BC - 4th AD) composed in Sanskrit. I discuss how the notion of riding in a chariot, used in the earliest texts for expressing ontological, epistemological and ritual issues, is transformed into an abstract concept of the wheel to express the concept of time. The use of cognitive models allows showing the conscious and rational nature of this transformation performed by the early Indian thinkers, and thus qualifies as a form of philosophy.
The Central Role of Imagination in Linguistics, Philosophy and Logic
Authors: Itkonen Esa
Published: February 2020

Imagination is often accused of being “vulnerable”, or even downright unrealizable as a source of knowledge. I argue that this is mistaken, at least for some kinds of systematic imagination. First, imagination is shown to be key for the notion of entailment, which is central in philosophical and linguistic semantics, and in logic. Further, I show how such a non-psychological notion of imagination vindicates so-called “Objectivism”, attacked in cognitive linguistics. There are indeed limits to imagination, related to contradiction and ontological puzzles, but once handled with care, such limits do not invalidate it either. In sum, despite scepticism about imagination from Aristotle to the present, I show that it is if fact inevitable, intimately linked with normativity and rationality.
BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORK-BASED PROJECT COMPLEXITY MEASUREMENT CONSIDERING CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Luo Lan , Zhang Limao , Wu Guangdong
Published: February 2020

This research proposes a Bayesian belief network-based approach to measure the project complexity in the construction industry. Firstly, project complexity nodes are identified for model development based on the literature review. Secondly, the project complexity measurement model is developed with 225 training samples and validated with 20 test samples. Thirdly, the developed measurement model is utilized to conduct model analytics for sequential decision making, which includes predictive, diagnostic, sensitivity, and influence chain analysis. Finally, EXPO 2010 is used to testify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach. Results indicate that (1) more attention should be paid on technological complexity, information complexity, and task complexity in the process of complexity management; (2) the proposed measurement model can be applied into practice to predict the complexity level for a specific project. The uniqueness of this study lies in developing project complexity measurement model (PCMM) with the cause-effect relationships taken into account. This research contributes to (a) the state of knowledge by proposing a method that is capable of measuring the complexity level under what-if scenarios for complexity management, and (b) the state of practice by providing insights into a better understanding of causal relationships among influencing factors of complexity in construction projects.
Analytic Planetary Transit Light Curves and Derivatives for Stars with Polynomial Limb Darkening
Authors: Agol Eric , Luger Rodrigo , Foreman-Mackey Daniel
Published: February 2020

We derive analytic, closed-form solutions for the light curve of a planet transiting a star with a limb-darkening profile that is a polynomial function of the stellar elevation, up to an arbitrary integer order. We provide improved analytic expressions for the uniform, linear, and quadratic limb-darkened cases, as well as novel expressions for higher-order integer powers of limb darkening. The formulae are crafted to be numerically stable over the expected range of usage. We additionally present analytic formulae for the partial derivatives of instantaneous flux with respect to the radius ratio, impact parameter, and limb-darkening coefficients. These expressions are rapid to evaluate and compare quite favorably in speed and accuracy to existing transit light-curve codes. We also use these expressions to numerically compute the first partial derivatives of exposure-time-averaged transit light curves with respect to all model parameters. An additional application is modeling eclipsing binary or eclipsing multiple star systems in cases where the stars may be treated as spherically symmetric. We provide code which implements these formulae in C++, Python, IDL, and Julia, with tests and examples of usage (https://github.com/rodluger/Limbdark.jl).
The Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Emission Line Survey of Andromeda. I. Classical Be Stars
Authors: Peters M. , Wisniewski J. P. , Williams B. F. , Lomax J. R. , Choi Y. , Durbin M. , Johnson L. C. , Lewis A. R. , Lutz J. , Sigut T. A. A. , Wallach A. , Dalcanton J. J.
Published: February 2020

We present results from a two epoch Hubble Space Telescope Hα emission line survey of the Andromeda galaxy that overlaps the footprint of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) survey. We found 552 (542) classical Be stars and 8429 (8556) normal B-type stars in epoch # 1 (epoch # 2), yielding an overall fractional Be content of 6.15% ± 0.26% (5.96% ± 0.25%). The fractional Be content decreased with spectral subtype from ∼23.6% ± 2.0% (∼23.9% ± 2.0%) for B0-type stars to ∼3.1% ± 0.34% (∼3.4% ± 0.35%) for B8-type stars in epoch # 1 (epoch # 2). We observed a clear population of cluster Be stars at early fractional main-sequence lifetimes, indicating that a subset of Be stars emerge onto the zero-age main sequence as rapid rotators. Be stars are 2.8× rarer in M31 for the earliest subtypes compared to the Small Magellanic Cloud, confirming that the fractional Be content decreases in significantly more metal-rich environments (like the Milky Way and M31). However, M31 does not follow a clear trend of Be fraction decreasing with metallicity compared to the Milky Way, which may reflect that the Be phenomenon is enhanced with evolutionary age. The rate of disk-loss or disk-regeneration episodes we observed, 22% ± 2% yr−1, is similar to that observed for seven other Galactic clusters reported in the literature, assuming these latter transient fractions scale by a linear rate. The similar number of disk-loss events (57) as disk-renewal events (43) was unexpected since disk dissipation timescales can be ∼2× the typical timescales for disk build-up phases.
Average Radial Structures of Gas Convection in the Solar Granulation
Authors: Oba T. , Iida Y. , Shimizu T.
Published: February 2020

Gas convection is observed in the solar photosphere as granulation, i.e., having highly time-dependent cellular patterns, consisting of numerous bright cells called granules and dark surrounding channels called intergranular lanes. Many efforts have been made to characterize the granulation, which may be used as an energy source for various types of dynamical phenomena. Although the horizontal gas flow dynamics in intergranular lanes may play a vital role, they are poorly understood. This is because the Doppler signals can be obtained only at the solar limb, where the signals are severely degraded by a foreshortening effect. To reduce such a degradation, we use Hinode's spectroscopic data, which are free from a seeing-induced image degradation, and improve the image quality by correcting for stray light in the instruments. The data set continuously covers from the solar disk to the limb, providing a multidirectional line-of-sight (LOS) diagnosis against the granulation. The obtained LOS flow-field variation across the disk indicates a horizontal flow speed of 1.8–2.4 km s−1. We also derive the spatial distribution of the horizontal flow speed, which is 1.6 km s−1 in granules and 1.8 km s−1 in intergranular lanes, and where the maximum speed is inside intergranular lanes. This result newly suggests the following sequence of horizontal flow: a hot rising gas parcel is strongly accelerated from the granular center, even beyond the transition from the granules to the intergranular lanes, resulting in the fastest speed inside the intergranular lanes, and the gas may also experience decelerations in the intergranular lane.
Delay Time Distributions of Type Ia Supernovae from Galaxy and Cosmic Star Formation Histories
Authors: Strolger Louis-Gregory , Rodney Steven A. , Pacifici Camilla , Narayan Gautham , Graur Or
Published: February 2020

We present analytical reconstructions of SN Ia delay time distributions (DTDs) by way of two independent methods: by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo best-fit technique comparing the volumetric SN Ia rate history to today’s compendium cosmic star formation history, and second through a maximum likelihood analysis of the star formation rate histories of individual galaxies in the GOODS/CANDELS field, in comparison to their resultant SN Ia yields. We adopt a flexible skew-normal DTD model, which could match a wide range of physically motivated DTD forms. We find a family of solutions that are essentially exponential DTDs, similar in shape to the β ≈ −1 power-law DTDs, but with more delayed events (>1 Gyr in age) than prompt events (<1 Gyr). Comparing these solutions to delay time measures separately derived from field galaxies and galaxy clusters, we find the skew-normal solutions can accommodate both without requiring a different DTD form in different environments. These model fits are generally inconsistent with results from single-degenerate binary population synthesis models, and are seemingly supportive of double-degenerate progenitors for most SN Ia events.
Toward Early-type Eclipsing Binaries as Extragalactic Milestones. II. NLTE Spectral Analysis and Stellar Parameters of the Detached O-type System OGLE-LMC-ECL-06782 in the LMC
Authors: Taormina Mónica , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Puls Joachim , Pilecki Bogumił , Sextl Eva , Pietrzyński G. , Urbaneja Miguel A. , Gieren Wolfgang
Published: February 2020

We combine the NLTE spectral analysis of the detached O-type eclipsing binary OGLE-LMC-ECL-06782 with the analysis of the radial velocity curve and light curve to measure an independent distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). In our spectral analysis we study composite spectra of the system at quadrature and use the information from radial velocity and light curve about stellar gravities, radii, and component flux ratio to derive effective temperature, reddening, extinction, and intrinsic surface brightness. We obtain a distance modulus to the LMC of m − M = 18.53 ± 0.04 mag. This value is 0.05 mag larger than the precision distance obtained recently from the analysis of a large sample of detached, long period late spectral type eclipsing binaries but agrees within the margin of the uncertainties. We also determine the surface brightnesses of the system components and find good agreement with the published surface brightness–color relationship. A comparison of the observed stellar parameters with the prediction of stellar evolution based on the MESA stellar evolution code shows reasonable agreement, but requires a reduction of the internal angular momentum transport to match the observed rotational velocities.
Detecting and Locating Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Wave Sources Using Galactic Dust Scattering Halos
Authors: Nederlander Richard , Paerels Frits
Published: February 2020

We discuss a technique for detecting and locating rapid transient electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources that affords a reprieve of several hours after the gravitational wave event. The technique relies on detecting a scattering halo produced if X-rays emitted at the gravitational wave event scatter off Galactic dust clouds. The travel-time delay of these scattered photons makes them detectable up to several hours after the prompt event; the location of the gravitational wave source will be at the geometric center of the halo, which can be determined with precision sufficient to allow the host galaxy to be identified.
A taxonomic study on Epedanidae from Thailand including functional aspects of male genital morphology (Opiliones, Laniatores)
Authors: Zhang Chao , Martens Jochen
Published: February 2020

The South-East Asian opilionid family Epedanidae Sørensen, 1886 has one of its strongholds in Thailand from where a multitude of genera and species have been described but the epedanid fauna of the country is still poorly known. This paper records four species from this country, three of which are new: Euepedanus dashdamirovisp. nov. (male and female), Plistobunus jaegerisp. nov. (male and female), and Toccolus kuryisp. nov. (male and female). Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969 was previously known only from the type locality in Thailand and is redescribed here. Functional aspects of epedanid penial morphology are highlighted.
Althusser, le marxisme latino-américain et la politique contemporaine : notes pour une rencontre
Authors: Cortés Martín , Sibertin-Blanc Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Cet article explore l’affinité, que les concepts de surdétermination et de conjoncture permettent d’analyser, entre le travail d’Althusser sur la question de la temporalité et les approches de trois figures clés du marxisme latino-américain des années 1970 : les Argentins José Aricó et Juan Carlos Portantiero, et le Bolivien René Zavaleta Mercado. Il défend l’hypothèse que le point de vue de la périphérie rend particulièrement aiguës les implications théoriques et politiques de la problématisation althussérienne de la conjoncture, comme rencontre de temporalités asynchrones et configuration singulière d’une « exception sans norme ». On s’interroge pour finir sur l’actualité que conservent ces montages conceptuels pour penser certains traits de la politique latino-américaine contemporaine.
Lire Le Capital depuis les marges : notes sur la logique du développement inégal
Authors: Bosteels Bruno , Sibertin-Blanc Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Partant d’un panorama indicatif des lectures latino-américaines d’Althusser, cet article tente de cerner la source des interrogations de Che Guevara suscitées par les énoncés de Pour Marx érigeant la thèse du développement inégal en « loi primitive » qui ne « souffre aucune exception », avant d’amplifier les implications contradictoires d’une tendance à « transcendantaliser » le principe d’inégalité comme « décalage » inhérent à toute structure dans Lire le Capital  : Althusser préfigure par là des gestes qui seront bientôt reconnus comme caractéristiques des « philosophies de la différence » poststructuralistes, mais au prix d’un développement inégal interne à sa pensée même entre refonte philosophique du matérialisme dialectique et relance – annoncée mais sans cesse différée – du matérialisme historique.
Ivan Illich et la ville conviviale
Authors: Grünig Iribarren Silvia
Published: February 2020

« Le xxi e  siècle sera le siècle des villes », nous dit-on. L’urbanisation totalisante est une contrainte d’ordre économico-financier qui nous est présentée par les décideurs comme un phénomène inévitable. Pour agir contre ces consignes systémiques et homogénéisantes, la pensée d’Ivan Illich (1926-2002) est fondamentale. Elle nous donne des clés pour saisir les conditions de la convivialité des lieux habités. La convivialité de la ville ne se décrète pas au moyen d’un plan stratégique, d’une image de marque ou d’un budget spécifique. Elle est à saisir dans une atmosphère qui favorise la maîtrise de nos moyens de vie, la reprise de parole, la rencontre avec l’autre et la variété vernaculaire. Elle permet aussi le recouvrement des communaux ( commons ), tant du sens commun que des espaces physiques et symboliques de la vie communautaire.
Observations des usages et nouveaux usages des bancs publics : comment redonner toute sa place au vivre ensemble dans les centres-villes ? L’exemple de la ville de Caen
Authors: Lebon Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Le banc public a toujours fait partie de notre paysage. Que cela soit pour patienter ou se reposer, que nous soyons jeunes, âgés, handicapés ou à mobilité ponctuellement réduite, nous avons tous pu bénéficier de sa présence. Cependant, cette assise change, au même rythme que nos villes, et il paraît à présent pertinent de nous attarder sur son évolution. Que peuvent nous dire les bancs sur nos villes et, même, sur nos nouveaux usages ? Cet article, conçu à partir d’observations directes, peut déjà nous donner quelques pistes de réflexions.
La vie dans un grand ensemble d’habitat social à Alger ou une convivialité spatialement marquée
Authors: Smair Ahmed Yacine , Kacemi Malika
Published: February 2020

L’analyse de la ville sous le prisme du convivialisme ne peut s’affranchir, aujourd’hui, de l’étude des grands ensembles d’habitat social qui représentent, de fait, une composante majeure des villes modernes. Le rapport à l’espace vécu que sous-tend une telle analyse nous intéresse d’autant plus, ici, que nous étudions des grands ensembles modernes, hérités d’une colonisation et où la dimension discriminante a été inscrite dans le bâti. À partir d’entretiens et d’observations, nous esquissons les contours d’un convivialisme intimement lié à la réappropriation de l’espace et à la multiplication des représentations et des modes d’habiter. L’article conclut sur les stratégies pertinentes à adopter au regard d’une territorialisation à plusieurs échelles des grands ensembles.
Horizontalité/verticalité
Authors: Caillé Alain
Published: February 2020

Où l’on s’interroge sur les limites du désir d’horizontalité radicale, si caractéristique du politique aujourd’hui. Autodestructeur, il condamne à l’impuissance. Il nous faut donc sortir de la dénégation du pouvoir pour mieux commencer à aménager son exercice en mettant la verticalité au service de l’horizontalité.
L’éthique dans l’acte de recherche en sciences sociales : les apports de la pensée négligée d’Albion W. Small
Authors: Vallet Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Albion W. Small est un sociologue majeur du tournant du x ix e  siècle. Fondateur du premier département mondial de sociologie à Chicago en 1892 et de l’ American Journal of Sociology en 1895, ses réflexions furent constitutives des bases de la « première école de Chicago ». Cet article vise à mettre en avant en quoi sa pensée est toujours heuristique, alors qu’elle a été laissée de côté dans la tradition sociologique. Dans cette perspective, essentiellement à partir d’un travail personnel sur les archives de l’auteur, nous insistons plus spécifiquement sur son rapport à la place, au statut et au rôle de l’éthique dans l’acte de recherche en sciences sociales. Sa posture demeure d’actualité sur cette question, notamment pour permettre de penser la coopération entre les sciences sociales.
Une nouvelle théodicée ? Remarques sur la sociologie des techniques de Bruno Latour
Authors: Cérézuelle Daniel
Published: February 2020

Dans un contexte de désarroi face à la montée des problèmes environnementaux et des risques technologiques, Bruno Latour invite ses lecteurs à penser leur rapport au progrès technique à travers la grille de lecture de l’Anthropologie symétrique et de la Théorie de l’Acteur Réseau. Présentées comme scientifiques , les constructions théoriques de Latour réactualisent un courant de pensée qui est celui du modernisme catholique inspiré par la métaphysique progressiste et technophile du père jésuite Teilhard de Chardin. Convaincu de la continuité entre le naturel et l’artificiel et que l’action technicienne continue la création divine, Latour nous propose une approche myope et fragmentaire de la dynamique technicienne et entretient un optimisme iréniste face au déferlement technologique contemporain.
Le rapport à la certification des élèves de lycée professionnel
Authors: Lemêtre Claire , Orange Sophie
Published: February 2020

Cet article revient sur une expérience d’administration de questionnaires pour interroger la façon dont les parcours scolaires sont appréhendés par les chercheurs mais aussi les élèves. Il apparaît que les réactions ou les commentaires effectués par des élèves de baccalauréat professionnel en marge du remplissage du questionnaire apportent des informations sur l’importance qu’ils accordent aux titres scolaires. Mais surtout, il semble que ces réactions et ces commentaires renseignent plus largement sur leur manière spécifique d’aborder les parcours scolaires et de concevoir la certification, pour partie irréductible aux catégories de pensée et de classement du chercheur et proposant une rationalité propre dont il convient de dégager les principes structurants.
Incertitudes de l’éducation inclusive
Authors: Kohout-Diaz Magdalena
Published: February 2020

L’article présente une enquête menée auprès de 38 étudiants de première et seconde année de la mention Professorat des Écoles du master des Métiers de l’Enseignement, de l’Éducation et de la Formation, qui fréquentent le séminaire Éducation inclusive et diversité : scolariser les élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers. Nous partons du constat que les incertitudes des métiers de l’enseignement concernant l’éducation inclusive sont générées par des injonctions paradoxales concernant l’analyse et l’interprétation des besoins éducatifs : les enseignants aspirent à s’orienter suivant des nosographies médicales et neuro biologiques qui les dépossèdent de leur expertise propre. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que la recherche professionnelle est une voie privilégiée pour questionner les situations et les pratiques pédagogiques afin de construire un style pédagogique propre. Les résultats suggèrent qu’il reste du chemin à faire pour clarifier ces objectifs auprès des étudiants.
Recherche-accompagnement en formation de professionnels de la santé
Authors: Cabaret Véronique , Beauvais Azzaro Martine
Published: February 2020

Au CHU de Lille, dans le cadre de la Coordination Générale de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche (CGER), un collectif composé de huit cadres de santé formateurs s’est constitué afin de mener une recherche intervention. Le collectif s’interroge sur les conditions propices à l’émergence et à l’affirmation de la pensée critique des étudiants, et ce dans six formations de professionnels de la santé. Au pilotage de cette recherche, un binôme de chercheurs, constitué d’un universitaire méthodologue et d’un cadre supérieur de santé formateur coordonnateur, exerce sa pensée critique quant au co-accompagnement des formateurs. Cet article présente la réflexion de ce binôme à partir de la question suivante : En quoi l’exercice de la pensée critique d’un binôme de chercheurs-accompagnateurs favorise-t-il l’émergence d’une posture éthique collective ?