bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity of butterfly in the waxy corn flowers
Authors: Aminah S N , Syatrawati
Published: June 2020

A study about the biodiversity of butterfly in the waxy cornflowers very important to know more about their role and behavior in nature. The purpose of the research is to identify the butterfly family and their visiting frequency to waxy cornflowers as alternative food. The research was conducted at Samangki village, Maros District, South Sulawesi from April to July 2018. Among the Pulut or waxy corn (Zea ceritina Kulesh) family Graminae that growth in farmers field, the butterfly family and their visiting frequency were recorded. The results were showed the butterfly family visited the waxy cornfield from Nymphalidae (Danaus chrysippus L. and Melanitis sp.), Papilionidae (Papilio demolition L. and Graphium agamemnon L.) and Pieridae (Delias hyparete But. and Catopsylla pomona Fab.). Catopsylla pomona (Pieridae) was a higher frequency (5.6 times) visited waxy cornflowers than another species during observation. The result of the study recommended waxy cornflowers can use as one of the alternative management tools for maintaining the butterflies population. Need more effort increasing the role of stakeholder/local government to manage and educate local people in butterfly conservation. Supporting this activity, it need to apply depth ecological knowledge such as high-resolution distributional data and annual censusing.
A review of heat stress signaling in plants
Authors: Firmansyah  , Argosubekti N
Published: June 2020

The threat and crisis of food due to global warming has a related with global climate change. The threat of a decline in food production in various countries by climate change triggers a long drought. The increase in temperature causes heat stress on the plant which has an impact on the decline in land quality and others. Heat stress is often defined as an increase in temperature for a certain period of time, which can cause irreversible damage to plants, which generally occurs at temperatures of 10-15°C above the threshold. Heat stress is a major factor limiting crop productivity and adaptation, especially when extreme temperatures coincide with the critical stage of plant growth. Heat stress is a major factor limiting crop productivity and adaptation, especially when extreme temperatures coincide with the critical stage of plant growth. Excessive heat can disrupt by denaturing enzymes and damaging metabolism so that changes occur in the morphological structure, phenology, physiology and molecular plants. The response to increase in temperature of 5-10° C, makes plants produce a unique protein called heat shock proteins (HSP). An increase in HSP production occurs when plants experience a sudden or gradual increase in temperature. HSP is released when the stress of exposed to plant. Under these conditions HSP is useful for protecting proteins and causes resistant plants. The resistance obtained by heat shock is different from the resistance obtained by rapid growth at moderately high temperatures. This difference is presumed by the presence of HSP responses induced by heat stress. The HSP can play a role as a sign of gene stress and activation and in regulating oxidation reactions in cells. Utilization of heat stress signaling in food crops breeding can be used to development Wheat Tolerance to High Temperature.
Analysis of heritability and correlation of agronomic character towards the yield of several m6 generation of wheat mutants (Triticum aestivum L.) in the lowlands
Authors: Farid BDR M , Nasaruddin  , Iswoyo H , Ridwan I , Arsyad F
Published: June 2020

This research aims to find out the lowland and high production adaptive M6 generation of mutant wheat, to know the positive correlation between growth parameters and production components on yields, and to determine the parameters that have high heritability. The research was carried out in the Bonto Parang which is located in Kelara Village, Tolo Selatan District, Jeneponto Regency at an altitude of 135 m asl, with coordinates of 5 ° 24’58.0 “LS 119 ° 54’58.2” BT, Climate type E (2 wet months and 5 months dry) andosol soil type. The research was conducted from July to October 2018. This research used a Randomized Block Design with 16 lines as genetic material resulting from mutations and four varieties (Dewata, Selayar, Nias, and Munal) used as a comparison so that there were 20 genotypes. The research was conducted with 3 replications so that there were 60 experimental units. The results showed that the M6 mutant wheat is adaptive to lowland and it has a high number of products which is N 350 3.8.9 (3.48 tons.ha-1), N 200 2.4.B.6 (3.37 tons.ha-1) and N 300 4.3.6 (2.71 ton.ha-1). Growth parameters and production components that have a significant positive correlation and bring significant results are plant height, number of tillers, productive tillers, number of stomata, stomatal density, chlorophyll index, panicle length, number of spikelet scales, percentage of empty floret, weight of seed scales and of 1000 seeds, high heritability and high genetic diversity followed by the characteristics of productive tillers, number of seedlings, scum production, clump production, production and flowering age.
Application of N fertilizer and Mikania micrantha weed extract on weeds population, growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays zacharrata)
Authors: Herliana Okti , Rostaman  , Sena Wisnu Bhima
Published: June 2020

The existence of weeds and low efficiency of nitrogen fertilization are obstacles in the sustainable production of sweet corn. Eco-friendly weed control efforts are needed and at the same time can increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in sweet corn crops. The utilisation of Mikania micrantha weed extract as bio-herbicide has been shown to inhibit the growth of several types of weeds. This study aimed to determine the effect of decreasing of Nitrogen dosage and the application of Mikania micrantha extract to reduce weed populations, support growth and yield of sweet corn crops. The research was conducted at Experimental Farm of Agriculture Faculty Universitas Jenderal Soedirman in Purwokerto Central Java from June to August 2018. The experiment used completely randomized block design. The treatments consisted of two factors and three replication. The first factor is nitrogen dosage (N1 = 100%, N2 = 50% and N3 25% N recommendation dosage) and second factor is concentration of weed extract (W1=10%, W2=20% and W3 = 30 %) The results showed that dominant weeds were Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus. N dosage of 25% and 50% are able to provide the best sweet corn yield, weed extract concentrations of 10% and 20% suppress weed growth
The potential of intercropping citrus and rice to improve the productivity of swamp land in Indonesia
Authors: Ratule M T , Sutopo  , Aji T G , Fanshuri B A , Dwiastuti M E
Published: June 2020

Appropriate and integrated land management technology in utilizing swamp land with optimal and sustainable productivity is needed because the swamp ecosystem is naturally fragile. The development of intercropping rice and citrus on tidal land needs to be supported by the application of cultivation technology and institutional strengthening of farmers so that the results obtained can be optimum and sustainable. Common problems that arise in the use of tidal land for agriculture include a variety of overflow and inundation conditions, very diverse types of soil with varied and low fertility levels, soil acidity and high potential for pyrite toxicity, variety of peat thickness and maturity level, and the condition of farmers who are still weak both in terms of skills and capital. This paper discusses the intercropping potential of citrus and rice to increase the productivity of swamps in Indonesia, the environmental and technical constraints, and strategies in proper and integrated land management.
Combination of bacteria-fungi in five formulations of carrier and its effectiveness on composting of corn stalk waste
Authors: Faesal  , Djaenuddin N. , Syafruddin
Published: June 2020

Bacteria and Fungi combination as decomposer in a fiew formulation and stored for several months after production. Research aim to study viability and effectivity of bacteria-fungi combining decomposer for maize waste composting. Material that using there were five carrier composition formula ie. BAGM (rice flour, charcoal flour, peat soil, and molasses), AAM (charcoal flour, jelly, and molasses), SAM (husk, jelly, and molases), BKM (rice flour, coconut water, and molasses), SGM (husk, peat soil, and molasses), and commercial biodecomposer Promi and EM4 as the check treatments. Isolate combination were using ie. bacteria+fungi BO(B7.1+O5) and EP(E7.7+P7). Results indicated that commonly carrier composition formula where tested was effective better than Promi and EM4 in maize waste composting. Carrier formula plus bio decomposer that consistently produce the better of compost after stored 12 and 24 WAP (weeks after production) i.e. combination of SAMEP, BAGmBO, SGMBEP and AAMEP and have opportunity to mass production for expansion.
Intercropping of maize-mungbean to increase the farmer’s income
Authors: Syafruddin  , Suwardi
Published: June 2020

The alternative to increase the income of maize farmers is intercropping with legumes. Intercropping of maize-mungbean should be not maize productivity lowest compared to monoculture. Therefore, to avoid the decrease in the yield of maize, the plant population of maize in intercropping should be the same as the optimal population in maize monoculture and mungbean in intercropping does not interfere or compete with the maize crop. To suppress yield reduction of mungbean in intercropping by setting maize plants as such so that the light intensity obtained by mungbean to be optimum. The research was aimed to obtain maize-mungbean intercropping with high farmer income. The field experiment was conducted on dry land at Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The treatment i.e 1. Intercropping 1 row of mungbean in maize twin row at plant spacing of (100-50) cm x 20 cm; 2. Intercropping 2 rows of mungbean in maize twin rows at plant spacing of (100-50) cm x 20 cm; 3. Intercropping with 1 row of mungbean in twin row at plant spacing of (110-40) cm x 20 cm; 4. Intercropping 2 rows of mungbean in maize twin rows at plant spacing of (110-40) cm x 20 cm; 5. Maize monoculture with a plant spacing of 75 cm x 20 cm; 6. Mungbean monoculture with a plant spacing of 40 x 20 cm. Both of maize monoculture and intercropping maintained plant population at 66,666 plants ha-1. Monoculture of mungbean population was 125,000 plant ha-1, whereas intercropping whit 1 row of mungbean was 33,333 plant ha-1 and 2 rows of mungbean at 66,666 plant ha-1. The results showed that maize-mungbean intercropping in twin rows of maize was able to obtained maize grain yield 2.9 - 7.0% and profit of 26 - 45% higher than monoculture, had maize equivalent yield 24-50% higher than maize grain yield actual, land equivalent ratio >1, and B-C ratio > 1. Intercropping of maize-mungbean with twin rows plant of maize at spacing (110-40) cm x 20 cm and 2 rows of mungbean can be recommended to increase farmer income because it has the highest land utilities and economic benefit compared to other models.
Utilization of rice husk biochar and tofu dregs compost to growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata sturt.)
Authors: Rosa E , Mulyadi  , Prasetyo M , Aziz A , Bakar B A , Panikkai S
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to obtain the appropriate dosage of rice husk biochar and tofu dreg compost for the growth and yield of corn plants. It was also to find out the interaction between biochar rice husk and tofu dreg compost on the growth and yield of corn plants. The study was conducted at the BPTP Lampineung field, Banda Aceh, from April to July 2018. The analysis used in this study was a randomized complete block design (RBD) with a factorial pattern of 3 x 3 with 3 replications. The factors studied are; a. rice husk biochar consist of 3 levels b. Tofu waste compost factor consists of 3 levels. The parameters observed included plant height, flowering age, cob length, and cob weight. The results showed that the treatment of rice husk biochar had no significant effect on plant height 15, 30, 45 DAP, the cob diameter and weight, but had a significant effect on flowering age, and had a very significant effect on plant height of 60 DAP. The treatment of various tofu dregs compost doses significantly affected plant height at 60 DAP but did not significantly affect plant height at 15, 30, 45 DAP, flowering age and cob weight. There was a very significant interaction of providing rice husk biochar and tofu compost to the length of corn cobs.
Effect of application of algae sargassum sp. extract to corn plants (Zea mays L.) and microbial response
Authors: Fatriana  , Caronge M W , Djawad Y A , Bourgougnon N , Makkulawu A T , Jumadi O
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of algae Sargassum sp. extract on the growth of corn plants (Zea mays L.) and the response of soil microbes through the use of the Randomized Group Design (RGD) consisting of 3 repeats. The algae Sargassum sp. extract had 3 concentrations namely algae 30%, algae 60% and algae 90%. Then the algae Sargassum sp. extract was applied to the corn plants (Zea mays. L.) by being poured on the soil. Observation parameters stalk circumference (cm), leaf nitrogen content (%), stalk and leaf biomass (grams), cob weight (grams), husked cob weight (grams), cob length (cm), cob diameter (cm), soil bacteria colonies and soil fungi. The use of algae extracts improved the quality and quantity of corn growth using analysis of variances (F-test/ANOVA) with a confidence level of α = 0,05%. This was followed by analysis with the Duncan test using SPSS Statistics program version 22. The research results showed the application of algae Sargassum sp. extract on corn plants had a significant effect on stalk and leaf vegetative biomass, cob weight, husked cob weight, cob length and cob diameter, but did not have a significant effect on corn plant height, stalk circumference, leaf nitrogen content, soil bacteria colonies and soil fungi colonies. Even though there was not a significant effect, but quantitatively the corn plant growth with alga 30%, alga 60% and alga 90% treatments tended to be better than control.
Application of ICT tools in food crops monitoring in Indonesia
Authors: Bunyamin Z , Andayani N. N. , Fahdiana T , Suwardi  , Azrai Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Indonesian “Working Cabinet” 2014-2019 is placing more attention on agricultural sector, particularly self-sufficiency program for major food crops such as rice, corn/maize and soybean. The government has been planning to achieve self-sufficiency in rice production by 2016, corn production by 2017 and soybean production by 2018. Indonesian government has also inspired to renewed enthusiasm to use new information and communication technologies (ICTs) for agricultural services. Driven by significant role of ICT, research institute, universities, and related associations have actively involved in ICT application in agriculture for recent years. The aim of the paper is to review/analyze role, potential and contribution of ICT in agriculture and to explore opportunities for use of IT in various fields of agricultural sector in Indonesia. The paper reviews and analyzes various ICT-based information dissemination models application in agriculture. In addition, success story of ICT applications in agriculture are presented i.e. Application of Standing Crop for Rice Monitoring, Modeling of maize self sufficiency in Indonesia, KATAM: Cropping Calendar, Android based Tani Hub Application, Pantau Harga: Android application for agricultural prices monitoring, SMS based cropping area monitoring, e-Rice consultation services version 1.0, and e-IRKB: Online based Indonesia Rice Knowledge Bank. The findings provide a useful direction for researcher and practitioners in developing future ICT based information dissemination systems. ICT tools ensuring farmers and increases their capacity to make effective and informed decisions.
Reduction of rice yield gap by fertilizer and new varieties in North Sumatera
Authors: Parhusip Dorkas , Manurung Erpina D. , Girsang Setia S.
Published: June 2020

Variety and fertilizer are the important input that affects the increase in rice production. The research was carried out in the farmers’ land of Laras II Village, Siantar Subdistrict, Simalung District, North Sumatra DS 2019 (latitude: 2°058’52”N, longitude: 99°8’36”E, 249.5 m a.s.l.). The objective of the study is to determine the amount and time of fertilizer application in several rice varieties to minimize the gap of rice seed yields in North Sumatra. The treatment is a combination of fertilization treatments were rice consulting services (RCS), paddy soil test kits (STK), and farmers’ treatment (FFP) while varieties were Ciherang, Mekongga, Inpari 30, 32, 33, 36, 42, and 43 with four replications. The results showed that land suitability class that is very suitable and had the good climate to support rice production in North Sumatera. The RCS fertilization can be a tool to identify gaps and improve nutrient management on rice because the results of the study showed that the RCS fertilization can decreased the yield gap of 2.6 t ha−1compared to farmers in the same season. This is supported by SPAD, biomass, particulate matter per panicle, filled grain, 1000 grains, and production.
Application of local seaweed extracts on growth and yield of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Yusuf Ramal , Bahrudin  , Mas’ud Hidayati , Syakur Abdul , Afriana Dewi Sintha , Kalaba Yulianti , Kristiansen Paul
Published: June 2020

Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) is one of the horticultural crops of vegeTable species that are utilized in young leaves. Utilization of seaweed as biofertilizer can be an alternative solution to environmental problems caused by mineral fertilizers because they are safe for soil and plant microbes. The research aimed to determine the effect of extract of seaweeds growing Central Sulawesi on growth and yield of mustard greens. This study consisted of six treatments: P0 = control, P1 = NPK fertilizer, P2 = seaweed extract Caulerpa sp., P3 = seaweed extract Sargassum sp., P4 = seaweed extract Kappaphycus alvarezii, P5 = seaweed extract Ulva sp., Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and chlorophyll content were measured during the growing period and at harvest. The results showed that the seaweed extracts significantly affected on growth and yield of mustard greens plants. The most effective seaweed extracts for mustard greens plants was from Ulva sp. which produced average leave fresh weight 772.79 g and 10.40 numbers of leaves.
Effect of population level of various hybrid corn strains on growth and yield
Authors: Suwardi  , Zainuddin Bunyamin , Syafruddin dan
Published: June 2020

The success of plant breeding efforts is the availability of genetic diversity in the population so that people can choose what is preferred due to limited optimal land by utilizing sub-optimal land. The level of plant population is carried out to obtain information about a prospective maize variety that has a high productivity in land with limited / minimal level of sunlight. The higher level of plant population means the lower the reception of light by plants, therefore we need a variety that is shade resistant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the population level of each unit area on various shade-resistant lines with high productivity which is expected to be applied on intercropping land (plantations / forests) that have high shade levels. The study was conducted at Cereals Plant Research Institute, Maros in August - November 2016. The study used a randomized block design in the form of a split plot with 3 replications. The main plot is the plant population, which is a medium population of 70 cm x 20 cm (population 71,428 plants/ha) and a population of height 70 cm x 15 cm (population 95,238 plants/ha). As subplots were 10 prospective varieties of hybrid corn strain. The results showed that the shade resistant strain of 70 x 15 cm plant spacing highest yields of 1044-9 x 1027-11 (7.75 t/ha) and 70 x 20 cm spacing yield (t/ha) the highest CY 15 x MAL 03 (10.07 t/ha).
The effect of biofertilizer and double row 2:1 planting system on hybrid corn growth and yield on dry land acid soils in Lampung
Authors: Endriani  , Hendra J
Published: June 2020

One of the functions of biofertilizers containing live microbes is that they can stimulate plant growth. The study aims to determine the growth and production of hybrid corn plants with the application of biofertilizers and “jajar legowo” planting systems. The study was conducted at Natar Experimental Station, South Lampung Regency in February 2017 until June 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) of 5 Bio-Triba biofertilizers with treatments; B0 (manure/control), BT-1 (25 ml/l), BT-2 (10 ml/l), BT-3 (15 ml/l), and BT-5 (20 ml/l). The spacing between corn rows used by “Jajar Legowo” 2:1 is 20 cm x 50 cm - 100 cm with 1 seed per hole, 5 replications (25 trial plots), and the population was 66,000 plants/ha. The dose of chemical fertilizer used was Urea 350 kg/ha, SP-36 200 kg/ha and KCl 100 kg/ha and 1 ton of rock phosphate. The results showed that the application of biofertilizer had a significant effect on the components of yield (weight of dry seeds and weight of 100 corn grains) but did not significantly affect growth components (plant height, number of leaves) compared to non-biological fertilizer, using cow manure.
The effect of soybean varieties and flavors on tempeh milk powder
Authors: Dewayani Wanti , Septianti Erina , Syamsuri Riswita , Halil Wardah
Published: June 2020

One of the soybean products that people like was tempeh. Tempeh could not be stored for a long time and smells unpleasant, so it was less preferred by children, so tempeh milk powder was made with the aim to determine the effect of varieties and flavour on the quality of tempeh milk powder. The research method used was a completely randomized design factorial pattern with 3 replications. The first factors were the six soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Agromulyo, Burangrang, Kepak Hijau and import variety), the second factor was various flavourings, 4 levels (cocoa paste, strawberry paste, cocoa powder and vanilla paste). This activity is held from January until December 2015. Soybeans were harvested in Soppeng and Jeneponto Districts, South Sulawesi and then taken to the Post-Harvest Laboratory Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) of South Sulawesi for processing soybean to became of tempeh milk powder. The results showed that there was significant interaction between soybean varieties and flavour added of the yield, moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate and organoleptic test (colour, aroma, texture and taste of tempeh milk powder. The best milk powder of tempeh was treatment interaction of Grobogan variety and strawberry flavouring with a yield of 86.31%, moisture 10.10%, ash 0.58%, protein 3.01%, fat 0.0% and carbohydrates 86.31 %.
Adaptation strategy for sustainable food sovereignty based on vulnerability and climate risk assessment : a case study of Sulawesi Island
Authors: Estiningtyas Woro , Perdinan  , Rahman Adi , Suciantini
Published: June 2020

Food is an important element to human life. Food availability is a main factor to support sustainable agricultural activities. Concrete efforts are urged to support the Indonesian government targets to become the world food basket by 2045. Extreme climate events leading to climate related hazards such as floods and drought that significantly impact negatively planting area, harvesting, and production must be addressed so the risks can be minimized. Vulnerability and risk assessment of climate impacts on food farming system are completed to provide information on the vulnerability level in each district/city to determine contributing factors that influence the vulnerability level. Data on climate, land, and water resources as well as socio economic were selected to represent the indicators for vulnerability assessment. The indicators were grouped into Exposure and Sensitivity Index-Indeks Keterpaparan dan Sensitivitas (IKS) and Adaptation Capacity Index-Indeks Kapasitas Adaptasi (IKA). The vulnerability and risk assessments to floods for Sulawesi Island explain that there are about 8% of districts/cities grouped into the level of very high category and about 17% of the districts/cities grouped into the level of high category. As for the vulnerability and risk to drought, the assessments show that about 1% of districts/cities are included into the level of extreme high category, about 8% grouped into the level of very high category, and about 17% classified into the level of high category. The contributing factors to the IKA are the length of the road based on surface conditions and the ratio of the number of farmer groups per paddy area. The IKS dominant determinants that must be addressed are climate. The level of vulnerability and determinant factors are useful to assist in preparing strategies and recommended programs of adaptation actions compounded with priority districts/cities whose levels of vulnerability are categorized into high, very high, and extreme high.
The effectiveness of fertilizing to increase growth and productivity sorghum on dry land and marginal in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Karimuna SR , Wahab A , Warda  , Baharudin
Published: June 2020

Sorghum is one of the food crops classified as cereal plants that have the potential to be cultivated and developed on marginal and dry land. Sorghum has characteristics that are able to adapt to drought and infertile environments. This plant has many benefits including being used as forage feed for ruminants, bioethanol, coating materials, sweeteners and organic materials as well as industrial raw materials. The availability of sorghum in the community is still limited because of its low production due to the use of low-yielding seeds and cultivation techniques that are not yet optimal especially fertilization. The provision of organic and inorganic fertilizers can be a solution for marginal land in Southeast Sulawesi. By regulating the availability of water for sorghum plants so that sorghum production can be increased and sustainable.
The adaptation of new superior varieties on new rice field in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Syafruddin  , Damayanti Andi Irma , Muchtar  , Febrianti Tina , Saidah  , Rahayu Heni SP
Published: June 2020

One way to increase productivity in new rice field is through adaptation of new superior varieties. The purpose of this study was to obtain 1-2 new locally adaptive superior varieties in a new field rice. The study was conducted in Sirom Village, Lamala District, and Banyataya Village, East Luwuk District, Banggai Regency. The experimental design used was a Random Factorial Pattern Group Design. The treatment consists of two factors; the first factor is two technological packages, namely 1) Jarwo super technology, and 2) existing technology. The second factor was four superior varieties of rice (Inpari 34, Inpari 35, Banyuasin, and Mekongga as control treatments. The adaptation observation includes growth aspects in the form of plant height and number of tillers. The results showed that there had been changes in plant growth even though still not optimal. The control varieties namely Mekongga could not grow in the two research locations while the best results were obtained from the treatment of using Inpari 34 followed by Banyuasin variety with Jarwo Super technology. Yields and generative components of plants showed a significant effect of Jajar Legowo Super technology, introduction of new superior varieties (VUB) and its interactions.
The effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) Bio M2 on the growth and production of corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Idaryani  , Wahid Abd. , Arif Faridah , Panikkai Sumarni
Published: June 2020

The organic fertilizers have more advantages to improve the quality of land. One of the organic fertilizers products is Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) BIO M2. It can be used in food crops. However, the effectiveness test must be carried out for LOF so that it can be developed. The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) beside inorganic fertilizer on the growth and production of corn. The research was conducted in Bone, South Sulawesi, on August-December 2017. The experimental design used completely randomized design that consist of nine treatments which were the level of LOF combined dosage of inorganic fertilizer and replicated three times, so there were 27 experiment plots. The results of the study indicate that the use of organic fertilizer can improve land quality by increasing several elements in the soil and the shell of corn was highest in the treatment of LOF 100% and itis recommended fertilizer 75%, for 7,17 tons/ha with RAE 233,33 %.
The effect of fertilizing residues on growth and yield of sweet corn
Authors: Muchtar  , Wahyuni Andi Nirma , Irmadamayanti Andi , Saidah  , Syafruddin
Published: June 2020

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an effort to meet the needs of plant nutrients. Fertilization that has been done in the previous planting season is very possible to provide fertilizer residues that can be used for the next planting season (Second Planting Season). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer residues that have been applied to the planting of shallots in the first planting season to the growth and yield of sweet corn in the second planting season. The study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019 on farmer land located in Kotarindau Village, Dolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The study used a non Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 residual treatments from the fertilizing dose in the previous planting season (treatment packages A, B, C, and D). To determine the effect of fertilizing residues on the growth and yield of sweet corn was carried out by analysis of variance. If the results of variance were significantly different, then to compare between treatments was done with Duncans New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in the first planting season was proven to be able to meet the needs of plant nutrients in the second planting season for each fertilizer treatment given in first planting season. Package A fertilizer residue gives the highest result on the growth and yield components and is not significantly different from the other three fertilizer package residues.
Adaptability of some new high yielding corn varieties in Buton District
Authors: Agussalim  , Yuliani Z. , Asaad Muh. , Nur Amin
Published: June 2020

The success of cultivation of a crop commodity is influenced by many factors, one of which is the choice of plant varieties to be developed. The selection of superior varieties of a plant that is developed will greatly determine the success of a crop cultivation business. One way to increase corn productivity is to plant high-yielding and adaptive corn VUBs with the local environment. The presence of an adaptive VUB, both free and hybrid, can significantly contribute to increasing productivity or national corn production. To find out the adaptive corn VUB in Buton District, it is necessary to do an Adaptation Study of Corn VUBs on dry land in Buton Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RBD), with 4 corn VUBs, namely Nasa 29, Bima 20 URI, Sukmaraga and Lamuru which were repeated 6 times. The results showed that the adaptability of corn VUBs planted in Buton District was quite good. Overall, the four VUBs are able to adapt to local conditions, this can be seen from the yield production better when compared to local varieties that have been commonly grown by local farmers. The average productivity of each corn VUB planted was Nasa 29 (6.90 t / ha), Sukmaraga (6.50 t / ha), Lamuru (6.02 t / ha) and the lowest was the Milky 20 URIs (5, 87 t / ha).
A study on the growth of Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda merah accession against drouhgt and shade stresses
Authors: Ahmad A , Sija P
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the vegetative growth response of Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda Merah accession against drought and shade stresses. The study was conducted in Sipatana Village, West Bulotadaa Subdistrict, Gorontalo City, from May to October 2017, examined using randomized block design with 4 replications. The first factor observed was the drought treatment which consisted of two levels; irrigation until the inundation height of 1.5 cm and irrigation carried out if the potential of groundwater reaches - 30 to -35.9 kPa. The second factor was shades which consisted of 3 levels; 0% shade, 25% shade, and 50% shade. The results showed that Gorontalo local upland rice Ponda merah accession was able to adapt well to drought stress, shade stress, and combination of both which were characterized by high values of plant dry weight 49,88 g under drought stress condition, 84,08 g under 50% shade condition and 44,61 g in drought + 50% shade condition and chlorophyll content 0.148 mg.g−1 under drought stress condition, 0,168 mg.g−1 under 50% shade condition and 0,202 mg.g−1 in drought +50% shade condition.
Effort to increase shallot productivity using true shallot seed (TSS) from the superior varieties supporting Proliga
Authors: Manwan S W , Nurjanani  , Thamrin M
Published: June 2020

Lack of high quality/certified seed is an important constraint in shallots farming. One potential alternative technologies to be developed is the use of botanical seeds (TSS = True Shallot Seed). Stated that the cultivation of shallots using TSS is expected to cut the shallots production chain so that shallots production is stable and available throughout the year. So that the seed planted TSS can be directly used as tuber production. The assessment was done using split plot design. The main plot is two shallot varieties namely Trisula and Bima Brebes. The sub plot is four cropping systems that direct planting of seeds TSS, transplanting, planting mini bulbs, and large bulbs as a control. Parameters measured were plant growth and bulbs production, as well as input-output data. Data collected from some of the observed variables then tabulated and analyzed using SAS 9.1. software. Variety Test between treatment effect was done by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of 95%. The results showed that the treatment by using mini tuber seeds gave the highest productivity on Trisula varieties (12.87 t / ha), followed by TSS treatment of Bima Brebes varieties with transplanting (6.78 t / ha). The results of this studied were the four applied shallot cultivation systems, the use of mini tubers as one of shallot cropping system with seeds from TSS gives the highest productivity (12.87 t / ha).
The effect of nitrogen-fixing bacteria towards upland rice plant growth and nitrogen content
Authors: Hala Yusminah
Published: June 2020

This study was performed to observe the associative effect of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and combination of each with nitrogen dosage on Nitrogen content and upland rice plant growth. Klebsiella pneumonia and Azospirillum brasilense were applied, while urea used as fertilizer on 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/Ha. The result revealed that inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to upland rice can increase tiller formation, shoot and root dry weight and plant N Total production. The effect of A. brasilense on increase tiller formation, biomass dry weight (shoot and root) and N total production revealed to tendency to increase compare to K. pneumonia. Differences in nitrogen fertilizer did not cause a significant effect on all parametric measured, except plant N content. Bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer interaction did not cause a significant effect on all parametric measured. From the regression analysis, there was a correlation between root dry weight with shoot dry weight; and the correlation between root dry weight with plant N total production.
Effect of weather and soil characteristics on rice production using DSSAT modeling: Case study in Thailand
Authors: Buyung Al Fanshuri
Published: June 2020

Weather and soil are abiotic factors which have a huge effect on rice production. Precipitation, solar radiation and temperature are the kinds of weather in which significantly affect crops. Meanwhile, soil characteristics have an important role in plant growth and production. Combination of appropriate weather and fertile soil would result in high yield. That combination can be simulated using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). This research used a case study in Thailand, a developing country which is one of the largest rice producing countries. There were four treatments simulation in this research; (1) combination soil characteristic in Sing Buri with DTSP station weather, (2) combination soil characteristic in Sing Buri with PCNM station weather, (3) combination soil characteristic in Tha Tum with DTSP station weather and (4) combination soil characteristic in Tha Tum with PCNM station weather. The combination Sing Buri and DTSP obtained the highest yield and Tha Tum and PCNM reached the lowest yield. It was due to soil fertility in Sing Buri better than Tha Tum, it can be seen from texture, pH, C and CEC (cation exchange capacity) which was more suitable for rice.
Yield gain of groundnut cultivars released from 1950 until 2017
Authors: Nugrahaeni N , Purwantoro  , Baliadi Y
Published: June 2020

The renewal of the cultivars is believed to contribute significantly to crop yield increased, including groundnut. Indonesia has released 45 improved cultivars from 1950 to 2017. Among those, thirty cultivars were evaluated to assess the yield gain of th e crop’s improvements. The period in which the thirty cultivars released divided into five eras, separated every ten years, except between the first and second era. Those cvs planted in Jambegede Res. Sta. during the dry season 2018, were arranged in randomized complete block design, replicated 2 times. Each cv was planted in 6 rows of 2 m length, 50 x 10 cm planting distance, one plant per hill. Two rows were used for destructive samplings, and the rest four rows were harvested for yield and yield components measurements. Data collected consisted of growth rates at four growth stages (plant height, branches number, leaflets number, gynophore number, shoot and root dry weight), pod size, seed size, dry pod yield. All the cultivars were highly varied in yield and yield components variables at harvest. However, there was no variability existence on the observed growth parameters. The exception were on branch and leaflets number at 15 days and gynophore number at 80 days. Cultivars mean dry pod yield of the five classification eras ranged from 1531.4 g-1847,7 g 8m−2 with yield gain 5.89 g/8 m2 or 0,38% year−1.
Response of corn plants (Zea mays L.) to application of zeolite coated urea as nitrogen slow release fertilizer
Authors: Aina Nur , Hiola St. Fatmah , Hala Yusminah , Djawad Yasser Abd. , Iriany Neni , Makkulawu Andi Takdir , Inubushi Kazuyuki , Jumadi Oslan
Published: June 2020

This research aims to determine the growth response of corn plants (Zea mays) given zeolite coated urea fertilizer as a nitrogen slow-release fertilizer. This research uses Randomized Group Design (RGD) with 3 repeats. The observation parameters are. Corn plant growth including corn cob weight (grams), corn cob length (cm) and corn kernel weight (grams) which are measured after harvest. The research results showed that there was interaction between zeolite coated urea fertilizer and the corn plant growth results with different results than other treatments namely negative control (only Mono Potassium Phosphate fertilizer) and tending to be better than positive control (urea fertilizer and Mono Potassium Phosphate).
Effect of reactive phosphate rock to corn on acid sulphate soil in South Kalimantan
Authors: Annisa Wahida , Husnain  , Djufry Fadjri
Published: June 2020

In South Kalimantan, acid sulphate soil rich in total phosphorus (P), but poor in available P, because of fixing. Most of the crops on the soil have a symptom of P deficiency. Reactive Phosphate Rock (phosphateR) was a slow-release P fertilizer and has a longer residual effect. This is to research on the effect of phosphateR to corn on acid sulphate soil in South Kalimantan. This research was carried out to determine the effects of reactive rock phosphate and planting method of corn on acid sulphate soil. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor of P fertilizer, namely: P Fertilizer (SP 36), farmer practice, phosphate rock, phosphate rock + Manure, phosphate rock+ organic fertilizer+ phosphate rock+compost. The second factor is the planting method i.e: exsisting planting method (70x25 cm), Zig Zag Method (70x12,5 cm). The N and K doses are determined based on soil nutrient status. The results showed that phosphate treatment gave the weight of corncob where phosphate treatment with zig zag method reached 21% compared SP-36 with zig zag method treatment. And the lowest results are shown in the treatment of farmer practice with exsisting methods reached 10.07 t/ha corncob of weight.
Testing of lollo rossa lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) on different ammonium-nitrate ratio in the hydroponic nutrient solution
Authors: Farid M , Rafiuddin BDR , Laraswati A A , Ridwan I
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine the variety of lollo rossa lettuce that has high growth and production, to find out the ratio of ammonium and nitrate which gives the best effect on the growth and production of lollipop rossa lettuce and to determine the parameters that have high heritability values. The study was conducted at the Unhas Lecturer Housing screen house, Jalan Al Ghazaly, Block BG number 91, Tamalanrea, Makassar, which took place from October to December 2018. The study used a factorial experimental design in the nested pattern, namely: 8 varieties of Lollo Rossa lettuce (Olga Red, Arista, Concorde Rz, Amandine Rz, Rosano, Mr. Fothergills, Sais, and Century) nested in each ratio of ammonium and nitrate consisting of 4 levels, namely: AB Mix, 1 ammonium: 4 nitrate, 1 ammonium: 6 nitrate, and 1 ammonium: 8 nitrates. The results showed that the lollo rossa lettuce varieties which had high growth and production were Mr. Fothergills variety (140.75 g) and Concorde Rz varieties (129.96 g). Nutrients that provided growth and high production in the lollo rossa lettuce was a ratio of 1 ammonium: 4 nitrate (115.25 g). All observational parameters had high heritability values in the lollo lettuce (parameters of plant height, number of leaves, shoot root ratio, chlorophyll index, and production).
Effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis TM4 biopesticide formulation as biocontrol agent against maydis leaf blight disease on corn
Authors: Djaenuddin N , Suriani  , Muis A
Published: June 2020

Maydis Leaf Blight, caused by Bipolaris maydis, the disease on maize results not only in yield reduction but also deteriorate the value and quality of the grain. During this time the control is carried out by farmers using synthetic pesticides. But dependence on the use of synthetic pesticides has not been able to solve the problem of leaf blight disease, instead it often leads to new problems, such as the occurrence of environmental damaged. Needed an environmentally friendly alternative that is a biological control to control the pathogen. Bacillus subtilis is one of the many bacteria developed as biological agents to control plant pathogens. This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of B. subtilis biopesticide formulation by mean of seed treatments and foliar sprays, using different concentrations and frequencies to control maydis leaf blight (MLB) disease on maize, caused by Bipolaris maydis, and to evaluate its function as a plant growth promoter. The experiments were conducted at the greenhouse and in the field using factorial design. At the greenhouse trial, seed treatment and foliar spray application at 3 weeks interval produced better result in controlling MLB, and better result on promoting maize plant growth. In the field experiment, using a concentration of 3 g/l showed a better effect on suppressing the disease and on increasing yield. Application of the formulation of B. subtilis TM4 biopesticide reduced MLB disease by 21%.
The resistance of various maize germplasms collected from several regions in Indonesia to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis)
Authors: Kalqutny S H , Pakki S
Published: June 2020

Downy mildew is one of the limiting factors of corn production in Indonesia. Several efforts have been needed to control pathogens, one of them is the development of resistant varieties. New resistant varieties must be developed to prevent a decrease in genetic diversity in a region due to dependence on one variety. Germplasms collected from a variety of different environmental conditions is a potential source of genetic diversity. This study aims to determine the resistance of maize germplasm accession to downy mildew caused by P. philippinensis. In this study, the total number of 96 accessions of maize germplasm were tested. The experiment was arranged in a group design with 2 replications. The intensity of downy mildew infection was observed based on the incidence of the disease in 25, and 35 days after planting(DAP). The value of Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) is also calculated based on the intensity of downy mildew infection in a particular observation period. One accession which showed high resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philipinensis) was obtained, namely accession number 808 with 0 per cent infection and 0 AUDPC value, lower than the resistant varieties (Bima 3) used as a comparison, which had an average 5-10% infection and 103.5 AUDPC value. The accession obtained can be used as the source of the downy mildew resistance trait for the development of the new highly resistant variety.