bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The m6A writer METTL5 promotes LUSC progression by enhancing CDC45 translation.
Authors: Fu Jianjun , Yan Yang
Published: September 2024

Abnormal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications were associated with the occurrence, development, and metastasis of Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, the functions and mechanisms of m6A regulators in LUSC remained largely unclear. Here, we identified that METTL5 was specifically overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in LUSC. Importantly, METTL5 promoted LUSC cell progression in an m6A-dependent manner, METTL5 silencing significantly inhibited proliferation and migratory ability of tumor cells in vitro. Mechanistically, METTL5 increased the translation of cell division cycle protein 45 (CDC45) via 18S rRNA methyltransferase. Therefore, our findings indicated that m6A writer METTL5 contributed to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis, providing a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LUSC.
A study on critical dislocation of gasket for segmental linings of shield tunnels
Authors: Guo Xuan , Li Zhitong , Yuan Senyang
Published: September 2024

Dislocation of segments in shield tunnels significantly contributes to joint leakage, making it crucial to identify the critical dislocation amount of segment linings. To explore the waterproofing mechanism of sealing gaskets under water pressure, a structural coupling finite element analysis model was created. This model simulates water intrusion dynamics at segment joints, analyzing contact stress distribution and waterproof performance across various dislocation amounts. The comparison of finite element calculations with experimental data shows a positive correlation, although simulation results are slightly lower than experimental findings. The analysis demonstrates that lower effective contact stress due to dislocation increases leakage risk. In small deformation ranges, opposite segment constraints can enhance gasket contact, reducing leakage risks. However, exceeding critical dislocation leads to leakage. Findings indicate that as dislocation increases, the effective contact stress between the gasket and groove first decreases, then increases. A dislocation of 9 mm and an opening of 8 mm yield the lowest effective contact stress proportion and worst waterproof performance, marking a critical point for sealing water pressure changes. This study provides a scientific basis for determining critical dislocation amounts, optimizing joint sealing performance, and reducing leakage in shield tunnels.
Medical Students' Perceptions: Motivations, Barriers, and Engagement in Research among Sudanese Universities
Authors: Hariri Abdulrahman Al , Ali Hazza , Gumah Abdelgadir , ‎ Ahmed Alghoshimi , Sharif Marah , ‎ Hipatalla Abdelgadir , Fadul Mona ‎ , Ali Yagin , ‎ Roua ‎ Altjany , ‎ Mohamed ‎ Mohamed , Adam Mohamed , Dhounourein Mohamed , ‎ Jalal ‎ Altabaa
Published: September 2024

This study explores the perceptions of medical students at Sudanese universities regarding scientific research. This research aims to understand their views on the importance, impact, and challenges of conducting research during their medical education. Data were collected from 139 students through a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal significant insights into students' awareness, attitudes, and obstacles in research activities.
Factors associated with false-positive screening mammography in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Câmara Alice Barros , Duarte Luciane Simões , Cury Lise Cristina , Filho Victor Wünsch
Published: September 2024

There is limited data on the influence of various factors on mammography accuracy in low- and middle-income regions. In this cross-sectional study using registry data, we examined the sensitivity of screening mammograms by comparing mammography results with biopsies-confirmed breast cancer diagnoses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Additionally, we evaluate factors related to the screened women and to the breast lesions that could affect false-positive mammograms results. All screening mammograms conducted from January to December 2012 and biopsy results from January 2012 to December 2013 in the São Paulo State were retrieved from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Information System. We gathered details on women-related factors such as age, hormone therapy usage, prior radiotherapy, skin color, education level, skin type, breast density, and familial history of cancer, as well as on breast lesions, including type, size, characteristics, edges, and topographic site on the breast. To assess the risk effect of these factors on false-positive mammography results, we employed the logistic regression analyses. Our results indicate that age under 50 years, use of hormone therapy, dense breasts, lesions smaller than 10 mm with defined edges, and the presence of calcifications were predictors of false-positive mammograms results. Finally, we observed that false-positive lead to longer times to diagnosis. These findings are relevant for the planning and management of organized breast cancer screening programs.
Detecting Spatiotemporal Shifts in Precipitation Core Regions Using a Centroid-Based Identification Method and Its Application in China
Authors: W Yusong , Bai Hua , Yang Xiaoxiao , Wen Zhenyu , Zhang Yang , Li Bin
Published: September 2024

The spatiotemporal regime of precipitation determines the level and variation of regional water resources, influencing management responses and adjustments. Identifying regional precipitation patterns is crucial for recognizing and predicting hydrological regimes. This paper proposes a new centroid-based cooperative identification method for regional precipitation and its spatiotemporal shifts. This method was verified by comparing the spatial shifting trends between the centroids of regional annual precipitation and the contour lines of mean annual precipitation in four regions of China, using the Köppen climate classification method. The results indicate that within the Cwa climate region, the average latitude of the centroid increased by 5.8%, while the average longitude increased by 0.51% in recent years. In the Dfc climate region, the average latitude of the centroid increased by 0.38%, and the average longitude by 0.63% over the same period. These centroids showed a northward shifting tendency in the mentioned climate regions. Differently, in the Dwa region, the centroid’s average latitude shifted from 42.29 degrees to 41.57 degrees, while the average longitude shifted from 105 degrees to 110.03 degrees. Additionally, in the HG region, the centroid’s average latitude shifted from 32.06 degrees to 32.58 degrees, and the average longitude from 93.95 degrees to 97.73 degrees. Furthermore, on an interdecadal time scale, the precipitation centroids within the four climate zones consistently exhibit a northward shift. Overall, the centroids have shown a northward movement in China in recent years. This paper provides a theoretical basis for water resource management and hydrological forecasting, aiding in the analysis of the spatiotemporal transfer trends of precipitation in the context of climate change.
Erosion Rate Study of Yardang Landforms Downstream of the Peacock River
Authors: Youliang Bai , Li Bo , Rong Jinhong , Chen Hui , Zheng Jinming , Liu Jianshe , Bao Tan , Jin Jiangnan , Wang Chuan
Published: September 2024

Yardang landforms are significant subjects for research concerning climate change, geomorphological evolution, aeolian sand management, and ecosystem stability. The Lop Nur area, as the origin of the term "Yardang," has seen limited in-depth studies of its Yardang landform development and evolution. This paper integrates field surveys of Yardang landforms downstream of the Peacock River, 14C dating, optical dating, large-scale topographic mapping, and 3D laser scanning to investigate the erosion rates of these landforms. The key findings are as follows: (1) The average erosion rate of the Yardang landforms downstream of the Peacock River since 565 ± 25a BP is between 1.54 and 0.00 cm/year, with 88.32% of the area experiencing rates between 1.37 and 0.55 cm/year; currently, 72% of the area is undergoing erosion at rates ranging from 3.0 to 0.0 cm/year, with 17.30% of that area experiencing rates between 1.2 and 0.6 cm/year, and 38.70% experiencing less than 0.6 cm/year. The current erosion rates are significantly lower than historical averages, with some low-lying areas currently accumulating sediment; (2) A comprehensive research method has been established, based on the developmental patterns of Yardang landforms for historical average erosion rates and on 3D laser scanning for current erosion rates. This method has enabled the determination of both historical average and current erosion rates in the Yardang area downstream of the Peacock River. The establishment of a permanent erosion monitoring network in this area will support long-term tracking and monitoring of Yardang landform development and provide a foundation for research on climate change, geomorphological evolution, aeolian sand management, and ecosystem stability in the region; (3) The study systematically determined the deposition time, exposure time, and erosion time related to Yardang development downstream of the Peacock River, which are 2.8 ± 0.3ka BP, 1900a BP, and 565 ± 25a BP, respectively. These findings are crucial for understanding the evolution of Yardang landforms in the area and will facilitate the advancement of numerical simulations towards long-term geomorphological evolution research. The study provides insights into the timing of Yardang landform development, historical and current erosion rates, and establishes a comprehensive research methodology, which is essential for quantitative research on the formation and development environment of Yardang landforms downstream of the Peacock River.
Effectiveness of different bio-fertilizer on growth, yield and yield attributing character of Faba bean (Vicia fabae L.)
Authors: Mossa Mohammed Mebrahtu , Gebrekidan Daniel , Mesele Etsay , Kasegn Melaku Mekonen
Published: September 2024

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to soil depletion of essential minerals, causing microorganisms to be distracted and reducing the distribution of soil fauna and flora. The field experiment examined the impact of biofertilizer (Rhizobium and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria) and blended fertilizer (NPKSZn) on the growth, yield, and yield-attributing characteristics of Faba bean. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eight treatments. The result revealed that the application of biofertilizer significantly (P < 0.05) affected the growth and yield characteristics of faba bean. The longest grain filling period (51.42 days), tallest plant height (148.2cm), Maximum nodulation (79.58), number of branches (6.42), pod per plant (34.08), highest thousand seed weight (699.9 g), grain (2369 kg ha-1), and biological yield (3942 kg ha-1), and the lowest chocolate spot disease severity index (13.33%) was noticed in dual inoculation of Rhizobium and PSB along with recommended dose of NPKSZn in both growing seasons. The highest net benefit (48174.9 ETB per ha) with an acceptable maximum marginal rate of return (789.26%) was recorded in dual inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB. Therefore inoculations of Rhizobium and PSB enhance the production and productivity and reduce the chocolate spot infestation level. Hence the seed must be inoculated with a dual culture of Rhizobium and PSB along with another package of practices for the crop.
Peanut production in saline-alkali land of Yellow River Delta: influence of spatiotemporal changes of meteorological conditions and soil properties
Authors: Qin Feifei , Xin Zhihong , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Jialei , Yang Jishun , Guo Feng , Ci Dunwei
Published: September 2024

Background: This study analyzed the synergistic relationship among annual changes in agro-meteorological factors, soil characteristics and peanut growth in saline-alkali land near the estuary of the Yellow River Delta. We aimed to find the key factors affecting peanut production to optimize and regulate peanut planting mode in saline alkali soil.
Results: The daily average temperature from early May to late September in Lijin and Kenli was above 24°C, with 470–600 mm of precipitation. The sunshine hours was 7.9 h and 7.3 h and the accumulated temperature was 3742°C and 3809°C, in Lijin and Kenli, respectively. Agro-meteorological conditions were suitable for peanut growth and development with the consistent main developmental period in the two experiment regions. The best sowing period was when the soil temperature stabilized above 18°C in early May, and the best harvest was in mid to late September. The soil volumetric water content in Lijin concentrated among 25% to 40%. Salt mainly distributed in the 40–60 cm soil layers, and increased rapidly to 2.5 g kg-1 in 0–20 cm cultivation layer in mid-May due to lack of precipitation.
In Kenli experiment region, the soil volumetric water content ranged from 10% to 35%, and soil salinity was concentrated in the 20 cm soil layer, not affected by rainfall. From mid-July to mid-August, the effective accumulated temperature of 5 cm soil layer was above 520°C in both two regions, which could ensure the normal pod development. The low kernel dynamic growth, high unfilled pod rate (26.99%) and low shelling rate (66.0%) might be the main reasons for low peanut yield in Lijin.
Conclusion: From the analysis of the synergistic relationship among “meteorology-peanut-soil”, soil salinity was the main factor affecting pod development and yield. It was also a key point in optimizing the peanut planting mode in the saline alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.
Exploring Theory of Mind for Agent Coordination in Constrained Operating Environments
Authors: Baillie Emma , Singh Ronal , Desai Prajakta , Miller Tim
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the application of the Theory of Mind (ToM) for achieving coordination between agents operating in constrained environments where the observation and communication capability of the agents is limited by the operating conditions. We use ToM for intention/action recognition and belief estimation in peer agents. We run extensive simulations with varied ToM capability settings in agents for two complex tasks: cooperative resource delivery and cooperative goal observation. The results indicate that in most cases, agents with higher-level ToM for intention and belief inferencing solved the tasks more effectively than the agents with lower levels of ToM. Higher-level ToM produced good results in time-constrained settings and promoted inter-agent cooperation for joint action planning even for low-observability conditions. However, for tasks with longer horizons, higher-level ToM was only effective when significant computation time was available to the agents. With smaller computational budgets, instead of modelling agents with ToM capability, using a look-ahead solution with a longer planning horizon rather than a shorter planning horizon with ToM leads to more effective solutions. These results are important as they are the first experiments demonstrating the effect of ToM for constrained environments, and they show the significance of agent modelling in developing a shared understanding of the environment and demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the trade-off between agent modelling vs. planning look-ahead.
Systematic analysis of non-melanoma skin cancer burden: a comparative study between China and the world from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2036
Authors: Liang Su , Wang Xue , Cao Juan Mei , Jia Xue Song
Published: September 2024

Objective
Comparative analysis of the characteristics and trends of the burden of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in China and globally will provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures in China.
Methods
Data related to incidence, death and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of NMSC in China and the world were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. The average annual percentage of change (AAPC) was estimated by the Joinpoint regression model to reflect the time trend. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was constructed for prediction.
Results
From 1990 to 2021, the increase rates (707.31%, 16.00%, and 10.04%) and upward trends (AAPC = 6.71% (95%: 6.01%~7.18%), 0.46% (95%: 0.40%~0.52%), and 0.28% ( 95%: 0.22%~0.34%)) of the NMSC age standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rate in China were higher than the global level. Both the incidence of NMSC and its rise were higher in men than in women, and the levels of death and DALY were higher in men but rose more rapidly in women. The high incidence, mortality, and DALY rate of NMSC all occurred in the higher age groups. The age-standardized incidence of NMSC in China and globally was predicted to continue to rise over the next 15 years, while the age-standardized mortality rate will decline.
Conclusion
The burden of NMSC in China remained serious, especially in the context of an increasingly aging population. Relevant authorities should continue to develop and optimize preventive and control measures, especially for men, and adopt targeted measures to significantly reduce the burden of NMSC.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Nestorone in a Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury Model through Regulation of the TLR-4/Myd88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ma Aying , Zou Jieyun , Zou Hui , Yuan Li , Zhong Ruihua , Zhu Yan , Gao Chao
Published: September 2024

Progesterone plays a crucial and indispensable role in regulating immunity and attenuating inflammation. Nestorone ® (NES, segesterone acetate) is a steroidal progestin and a 19-norprogesterone derivative with no -CH3 group radical at the 6-position. Here, we showed that NES enhanced the viability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell-derived macrophages, potently inhibiting both arms of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) signaling cascade triggered by LPS, especially the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. In addition, NES exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by significantly decreasing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in type II alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1 cell-derived macrophages stimulated by LPS. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of pre-treatment with NES 2 hours before LPS treatment to rescue the lung from acute LPS-induced injury, using an LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. In this study NES alleviated lung inflammation and damage through reducing leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory cytokines in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues. Interestingly, we found that NES at 1 mg/kg was superior to 0.1 or 10 mg/kg or to dexamethasone (DEX, 5 mg/kg) in prolonging survival in mice experiencing lethal LPS-induced injury, decreasing acute lung inflammation, and alleviating diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs of C57 mice. Overall, our study suggested that concentration was one of the key factors in determining the anti-inflammatory potency of NES, and therefore NES may serve as a promising novel therapeutic agent to treat pulmonary inflammatory diseases such as ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by modulating TLR-4 signaling.
GnRH agonist trigger fresh embryo transfers have similar outcomes but a lower dropout rate than freeze-all strategy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Federico Cirillo , Camilla Ronchetti , Raffaella De Cesare , Maura Cortese , Emanuela Morenghi , Valeria Scolaro , Antonella Smeraldi , Baggiani Annamaria , Emanuele Levi-Setti Paolo
Published: September 2024

Background: To compare pregnancy and delivery rate of the first fresh versus the first freeze all warming embryo transfer following a GnRH antagonist stimulation protocol with a GnRH agonist trigger. The secondary objective was to evaluate the dropout rate and the safety of the two approaches.
Methods: A cohort retrospective study, set in a single university tertiary care fertility center. This study included all the first embryo transfers derived from oocyte retrievals performed between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2020, following 1,396 GnRH antagonist induction cycles with GnRH agonist trigger. A total of 429 fresh (group A) and 967 warming embryo transfers (group B) were included.
Results: The pregnancy and delivery rate resulted comparable in the two groups (Group A: 41.72%; Group B: 42.92%, p 0.678 and Group A: 35.43%; Group B: 33.20%, p 0.415, respectively). The only significant differences recorded were an increased miscarriage rate in Group B (p=0.008) and an increased multiple birth rate (p<0.001) and a lower dropout rate (p 0.010) in Group A.
Conclusion: GnRH antagonist stimulation protocol with GnRH analogue trigger has been demonstrated to be an effective and safe technique. In addition, a subsequent fresh embryo transfer still represents a valid therapeutic option for physicians providing the desired outcomes in the first embryo transfer, with a lower dropout rate than the freeze-all strategy.
ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT05362734, retrospectively registered on 11rd May 2022
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of MST, SUT and SWEET transporters in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Fan Weiwei , Gao Huashan , Zhang Lei , Mao Dongdong , Li Yanyan , Zhang Lifang , Li Jingting , Zhao Xuyao , Hou Hongwei
Published: September 2024

Background
Sugar transporters (STs) play a critical part in the transporting of sugar, be involved in plant growth and development, stress/defense and signal transduction. Dendrobium catenatum (also name as Dendrobium officinale, here after D. catenatum) is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb with remarkable medicinal functions and high economic value. Polysaccharides are the primary active components exerting various pharmacological activities in D. catenatum. Sugar transporters function as material supplier and may play the essential roles in the polysaccharide biosynthesis, as well as the key player in the abiotic stress signaling and responses in Dendrobium plants. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis of sugar transporters in D. catenatum, and limits the understanding of sugar partitioning in D. catenatum.
Results
In this work, we identified the members of MST, SUT, and SWEET gene families in four Dendrobium plants. Phylogenetic analysis, structural arrangement, regulatory networks, expression profiles, and potential functions of sugar transporters were systematic study in D. catenatum. Seven DcSTs involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis was identified using WGCNA. Red-blue light is an effective way to improve the accumulation of polysaccharides, and influences the expression of polysaccharide biosynthesis related genes.
Conclusions
This study provide insight into the evolution and functional annotation of sugar transporters in Dendrobium, and lays a foundation for future functional research of sugar transporters involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response.
Co-expression of the RPS6KB1 and PDPK1 genes for production of activated p70S6K1 using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system
Authors: Bdzhola Anna , Malanchuk Oksana , Palchevskyi Sergii , Gout Ivan , Filonenko Valeriy , Zhyvoloup Alexander
Published: September 2024

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) is a member of the AGC family of serine/threonine kinases and is implicated in a diverse range of cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cell growth, and survival. Dysregulation of p70S6K1, characterized by its overexpression and/or overactivation, has been widely implicated in various human pathologies, particularly in several types of cancer. Thus, the generation of active and recombinant p70S6K1 is critical for investigating its role in cancer biology and for developing novel diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. Here, we report a reliable and efficient methodology for the expression and purification of highly active p70S6K1 (His-actS6K1) in quantity and quality that is suitable for biochemical studies and high-throughput enzymatic assays. To achieve this, we utilized the baculovirus dual expression system, which enabled the co-expression of two recombinant proteins in infected cells: a) His-tagged S6K1 with a deletion of the C-terminal autoinhibitory motif and a phosphomimetic mutation at the mTORC1 phosphorylation site (T389D); and b) untagged PDPK1 lacking the PH domain. Efficient expression of both recombinant proteins was achieved, resulting in highly pure preparations of His-actS6K1. The high activity of the purified kinase was confirmed by various kinase assays, demonstrating significantly higher levels of substrate phosphorylation compared to the tested commercial product. Overall, our developed methodology offers a rapid and cost-effective approach for producing constitutively active His-actS6K1, which can be utilized in academic research and biotechnology.
δ-α cell-to-cell interactions modulate pancreatic islet Ca2+ oscillation modes
Authors: Tang Chao , Ren Huixia , Li Yanjun , Xie Beichen , Qian Weiran , Yu Yi , Chang Tianyi , Yang Xiaojing , Sneppen Kim , Chen Liangyi
Published: September 2024

Glucose-induced pancreatic islet hormone release is tightly coupled with oscillations in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration of islet cells, which is regulated by a complex interplay between intercellular and intracellular signaling. δ cells, which entangle with α cells located at the islet periphery, are known to be important paracrine regulators. However, the role of δ cells in regulating Ca2+ oscillation pattern remains unclear. Here we show that δ-α cell-to-cell interactions are the source of variability in glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillation pattern. Somatostatin secreted from δ cells prolonged the islet’s oscillation period in an α cell mass-dependent manner. Pharmacological and optogenetic perturbations of δ-α interactions led islets to switch between fast and slow Ca2+ oscillations. Continuous adjustment of δ-α coupling strength caused the fast oscillating islets to transition to mixed and slow oscillations. We developed a mathematical model, demonstrating that the fast-mixed-slow oscillation transition is a Hopf bifurcation. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how δ cells modulate islet Ca2+ dynamics and reveal the intrinsic heterogeneity of islets due to the structural composition of different cell types.
Laboratory and field assays indicate that a widespread no-see-um, Culicoides furens Poey is susceptible to permethrin
Authors: Cooper Vilma M. , Buckner Eva A. , Jiang Yongxing , Burkett-Cadena Nathan
Published: September 2024

The recent reemergence of Oropouche virus (OROV) highlights the need to better understand insecticide susceptibility in Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), which contains the vector of OROV and many other species that are biting nuisances and vectors of pathogens that affect humans, livestock, and wildlife. With adulticides as the primary method of Culicoides control, there is growing concern about insecticide resistance, compounded by the lack of tools to monitor Culicoides susceptibility. We adapted the CDC bottle bioassay and field cage trial methods, typically used to monitor insecticide susceptibility in mosquitoes and formulated adulticide efficacy, to evaluate permethrin susceptibility in the widely distributed coastal nuisance species, Culicoides furens. Permethrin caused complete mortality in C. furens in field and laboratory assays. We identified a diagnostic dose (10.75 µg) and time (30 minutes) that resulted in complete mortality in CDC bottle bioassays. Additionally, we determined that no-see-um netting is an effective mesh for field cage trials, allowing for accurate assessment of Culicoides susceptibility to ultra-low volume applications of formulated adulticides like Permanone 30–30, a widely utilized adulticide. These methodologies offer essential tools for assessing Culicoides susceptibility, which is crucial for managing populations of Culicoides and preventing the spread of OROV and other pathogens.
Navigating the black box of fair national emissions targets
Authors: Dekker Mark , Hof Andries , du Pont Yann Robiou , Berg Nicole van den , Daioglou Vassilis , Elzen Michel Den , Heerden Rik van , Hooijschuur Elena , Tagomori Isabela S. , Würschinger Chantal , Vuuren Detlef van
Published: September 2024

Current national emissions targets fall short of meeting the Paris Agreement climate goals, prompting increased attention on equitable ways to closing this gap in international climate negotiations. Fair emissions allocations are often determined using effort-sharing formulas based on principles of fairness, yielding diverse outcomes. This diversity in equity-based emissions allocations complicates efforts by policymakers and courts to discern the effects of assumptions and uncertainties from normative decisions. Here, we provide up-to-date fair emissions allocations in a comprehensive framework, accounting for considerations across three dimensions: physical and social uncertainties, global strategies and equity. The relative impact of these considerations is assessed using Sobol’s method, quantifying for which countries discussions on equity and socio-economic projections are important, and for whom global targets dominate. The fair emissions allocations are compared to NDCs and cost-optimal scenario output, identifying countries that have insufficient ambition and those for which – from a globally cost-optimal perspective – it is appealing to invest in mitigation abroad.
Psilocybin ameliorates neuropathic pain-like behaviour in mice and facilitates the gabapentin-mediated analgesia
Authors: Askey Tatum , Allen-Ross Daniel , Lasrado Reena , Gilmour Gary , Hunt Stephen , Tamagnini Francesco , Ahmed Maqsood , Stephens Gary , Maiarú Maria
Published: September 2024

Chronic pain states are challenging to control with current drug therapies. Here, we demonstrate that a single dose of psilocybin can produce a sustained anti-nociceptive effect in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Beyond this, the single dose of psilocybin caused a dramatic increase in the anti-nociceptive potential of gabapentin, a widely used treatment for neuropathic pain, such data are suggestive of establishment of longer lasting changes in network processing.
Flexible budgetary process and institutional performance of University of Environment and Sustainable Development
Authors: Nyanful Steve Essilfie
Published: September 2024

This research paper examines the correlation between the University of Environment and Sustainable Development's Budgetary Process and Performance. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study collected primary data from a targeted sample of 167 functional leaders involved in the budgeting process at the university, out of 289 staff members. The study found that decentralizing financial management to university departments resulted in inefficiencies related to technology adoption, control measures, and the timeliness of supplemental budgeting, alongside notable weaknesses in internal controls due to inconsistent budget consultations. In contrast, the budget evaluation process was deemed efficient, evidenced by the budget committee's receipt of accurate and timely financial data on a quarterly basis.
Algerian cinema and its accompaniment of the war of national liberation...The film "The Battle of Algiers" as a model
Authors: Sidhom Fatima Al-zahra
Published: September 2024

The birth of Algerian cinema is linked to armed struggle, an essential aspect of the war of national liberation. This struggle, adopted by the Algerian people as a method against colonialism, was neither optional nor random. It was scientifically planned to meet the challenges that the Algerian people faced in embracing the war of liberation. Cinema played a crucial role in exposing French colonial oppression. Thanks to their commitment, Algerians have obtained their legitimate right to independence and freedom. Algerian film production began at the same time as the popular revolution against the French occupation between 1954 and 1962. This period played a crucial role in the desire to show the lived reality and to record historical events, especially those related to the Algerian revolution. From the beginning, the revolution used all available audiovisual means to document the struggle of the Algerian people in films reflecting the daily reality of the revolution. Thus, a cinematographic art distinctly linked to struggle emerged, aimed at keeping pace with national history and becoming part of the collective memory. First, the history of cinematographic creation in Algeria is closely linked to the contemporary history of the country, the war of liberation remains the most significant event of the last century both historically and symbolically. And then, understanding the artistic dynamics in Algeria in the post-62 era necessarily involves the first source of inspiration.
Model-based analysis of the impact of climate change on hydrology in the Guayas River basin (Ecuador)
Authors: Ghafoor Jawad , Forio Marie Anne Eurie , Nolivos Indira , Arias-Hidalgo Mijial , Goethals Peter L. M.
Published: September 2024

Worldwide climate change will most likely lead to drastic changes in hydrology and food production. In this study, the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime and the fate of pesticides in the Guayas River basin is investigated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Four general circulation models and three representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5) for three future periods were used to assess impact of climate change. Future projections showed a maximum increase in the average monthly precipitation of 40% in June, as well as an increase in an average minimum temperature of 3.85°C for July and an average maximum temperature of 4.5°C for August in 2080s. The model simulations based on RCP 8.5 scenario predict an increase in potential evapotranspiration by 11%, surface runoff of 39% and water yield of 33% in 2080s. The pesticide simulation showed the highest water concentrations during the wet season. Projections of trends in pesticide concentration indicate a similar trend to the current situation given the application rate remains the same. The results can be beneficial for the management and planning of the basin to mitigate flood and water quality-related impacts of food production and climate change.
Ecosystem service change from lost surface water for farming in the Middle Drâa Valley, southern Morocco: an economic valuation through a replacement cost approach
Authors: Mahjoubi Imane , Frör Oliver
Published: September 2024

Water scarcity in the Middle Drâa Valley threatens self-sufficient farming, impacts agricultural production and livelihoods of the oases’ population. To compensate for the lost surface-water resources, farmers increasingly access groundwater resources for irrigation. In this paper, we test the replacement cost approach (RCA) to estimate the monetary value of irrigation water and the minimum amount of ecosystem services’ value lost in the past. A cost-based survey of 107 randomly selected farms was conducted in 2022 to assess the costs of technical substitutes farmers used to replace reduced surface water over the past 20 years. We assess and contrast the average costs across each entire oasis and at the level of each farm. Results show that the losses incurred from the loss of surface water did not follow the aridity gradient, and these losses varied due to water regulation practices, investment capacity, other income-generating activities, and others. Results suggest that the replacement is cheap per unit of metres dug, hectares, and kg of dates, providing an advantage in terms of economy of scale for large farms. The analysis provides insights into the challenges faced by small-scale farmers in accessing water and can contribute to forecasting farmers’ behavior under water scarcity.
Latest Findings on the Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on the Storage Quality of Blood Products (2011-2022) - A Narrative Review
Authors: Zadeh Mehrizi Tahereh , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Ebrahimi Shahmabadi Hasan
Published: September 2024

A wide range of challenges are faced during the storage of blood products, including
storage lesions, contamination that must be removed, and cell and protein damage due to chemicals
and UV exposure. The enhancement of stability exhibited by gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is a
notable advantage of these nanoparticles for the storage of blood products. The results of our review
of articles from 2011 to 2022 discussing the effect of GNPs on blood products revealed that
in RBCs, the dose, concentration, amount, and surface charge of GNPs significantly affect their
compatibility. Purified GNPs were compatible with RBCs. Negatively charged GNPs with smaller
diameters at lower concentrations were more compatible. However, in the plasma product, the
nanoparticle surface modification with different agents showed greater compatibility. PEGylated
nanospheres and GNPs exhibited higher albumin conformational stability than those coated with
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and rods. In the platelet product, smaller GNPs and high GNP
concentrations induce platelet aggregation. PEGylation increased the platelet compatibility of
GNP. The combination of GNPs with human fibrinogen and clopidogrel prevented clot formation.
Finally, the findings of this investigation demonstrate that GNPs are contingent on their surface
charge, dosage, and concentration.
A Complete Appraisal of Polymeric Micelle-Based Nanocarrier for Targeting Breast Cancer: Recent Strategies and Advancements
Authors: Ray Supriya , Singh Dilpreet
Published: September 2024

Aim/Objective:

Polymeric micelle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a beacon
of hope in the challenging landscape of breast cancer therapy. This review aimed to explore the recent
advancements and promising developments in the field, offering an in-depth analysis of their potential
and challenges. The significance of this study lies in providing a comprehensive examination of the
current advances in polymeric micelles technology, which have the potential to improve the efficiency
and specificity of breast cancer therapy while minimizing adverse events.

Methods:

Polymeric micelles offer a revolutionary therapy by encapsulating therapeutic agents, allowing
for controlled drug release and the precise targeting of malignant cells, while lowering systemic
toxicity. Recent advances have focused on enhancing targeting strategies, including active and
passive targeting, to increase the specificity of polymeric micelle-based therapies. A systematic review
of literature was carried out using databases, like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, which
included papers published between 2010 and 2023. The selection criteria of the literature focused on
the drug-loading capabilities and targeting strategies of the polymeric micelles, which could be advantageous
for breast cancer treatment.

Results:

Clinical drug approaches leverage the versatility of micelles to co-deliver multiple agents,
addressing the multifaceted nature of breast tumors and combating drug resistance. Additionally, polymeric
micelles are finding applications in breast cancer diagnostics and imaging, enabling early
detection and precise monitoring. The journey of polymeric micelle-based breast cancer therapy extends
to formulation and engineering, preclinical and clinical studies, and confronts regulatory and
commercialization challenges. However, the horizon is illuminated by emerging technologies, like
personalized medicine, biomarker-driven targeting, and integration with novel therapies, promising
a future where breast cancer treatment is tailored to individual patients and marked by improved
efficacy and reduced side effects.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this review underscores the transformative potential of polymeric micelle-
based delivery systems in breast cancer therapy.
Possible Terbinafine and/or Itraconazole Induced Vasculitis - A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Sahil , Narayanan Swetha , Kumar Panda Prasan , Chowdhury Arnab
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

It is essential to exclude other causes, such as autoimmune diseases and
bacterial infections, before attributing cutaneous/systemic vasculitis to drug use.

Case Study:

This report discusses the case of a young man who developed multi-organ failure
and cutaneous vasculitis following the use of antifungal medications (terbinafine and itraconazole)
for dermatophyte infections. Tests for autoimmune diseases and infections were negative.
Given his drug history and a skin biopsy indicating leukocytoclastic vasculitis, it was inferred
that the vasculitis was likely drug-induced. Despite treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins,
and plasmapheresis, the patient did not survive, possibly due to delayed diagnosis
and treatment.

Conclusion:

In community practice, Drug-induced Vasculitis (DIV) is frequently overlooked.
When patients present with skin rash, fever, and multi-organ dysfunction, DIV should be considered,
particularly in the context of recent drug use. Over-the-counter antifungals, like terbinafine
or itraconazole, can cause DIV and may be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
Vitamin D Mitigates Depression-related Disorders in an Animal Model of Depression: A Behavioral, Anatomopahtological, and Molecular Investigation, Implicating the Hippocampal BDNF Signaling Pathway
Authors: FILALI Houda , KADIL Youness , RAHMOUNE Imane , Adouani Badr , Badr Latifa , AGOUB Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Background:

Major depressive disorder represents a complicated mental disorder characterized
by persistent feelings of unhappiness and loss of interest. More evidence suggests a high
potential correlation between vitamin D deficiency and depression. However, the underlying mechanisms
and the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation are still not properly understood.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive
behaviors using a rat model of depression and explore the potential mechanisms involved.
Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder that significantly impacts the quality of life of individuals.
Despite the availability of various treatment options, many patients still experience suboptimal
outcomes, highlighting the need for further exploration of novel therapeutic approaches.
In recent years, the importance of vitamin D in mental health, particularly in depression, has
gained considerable attention.

Methods:

In this project, we propose to utilize an animal model of depressed rats to evaluate the
effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive behaviors. We employed a range of well-established
behavioral tests to assess changes in depressive-like behaviors following vitamin D supplementation.
Additionally, histopathological examinations of the hippocampal region, known to be involved in
mood regulation, were performed to assess structural alterations and cellular changes associated
with depression and vitamin D supplementation.

Results:

The findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation by improving
neuronal reorganization and proliferation in the hippocampus, suggesting an interest in investigating
other mechanisms of interaction.

Conclusion:

The findings of this research will provide valuable insight into the therapeutic potential
of vitamin D in depression and shed light on the underlying mechanisms involved.
Collaborative Optimization for Active Distribution Network with Soft
Open Point and Energy Storage
Authors: Kewen Li , Lyuzerui Yuan , Shifeng Ou , Shuyin Duan , Qianyi Chen , Tong Liu
Published: September 2024

Background:

The increasing use of high-penetration distributed clean energy has led to
voltage fluctuations in the distribution network that surpass safety limits and pose challenges to
economic and low-carbon operation. Traditional voltage regulation devices are unable to meet the
real-time high-precision voltage control needs when encountering frequent fluctuations due to
physical limitations. The Soft Open Point (SOP) can provide continuous reactive power to achieve
rapid voltage regulation.

Objective:

We propose a collaborative optimization approach that fully considers the regulatory
capabilities of SOP and energy storage to eliminate voltage violations and reduce network losses.

Methods:

This study introduces an active distribution network reactive power voltage optimization approach that incorporates intelligent SOP and energy storage, combining conventional devices (such as on-load tap changers and capacitor banks) with contemporary devices (such as
SOP, distributed generators, and energy storage) to establish synergy. A coordinated optimization
model was developed, considering various operational constraints to minimize network losses and
regulate the voltage of distribution network nodes. By using linearization and quadratic relaxation,
the original non-convex mixed-integer non-linear optimization model was transformed into a
Mixed-Integer Second-Order Cone Programming (MISOCP) model to meet the requirements of
rapid voltage regulation.

Results:

A case study was conducted on the IEEE 33-node test system, showing that the proposed
approach effectively reduces network losses and eliminates voltage violations.

Conclusion:

The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology have been validated,
confirming its ability to ensure the safe and economic operation of active distribution networks.
Preliminary In silico Analysis of Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1) of Echinococcus granulosus as a Candidate for Vaccination against Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Hashemi Saman , Shams Khakriz Hanieh , Jalali Niroumand Mohammad , Ghasemi Ezatollah , Majidiani Hamidreza
Published: September 2024

Background:

A neglected zoonosis, Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), is most common in
developing nations worldwide. Vaccination is, therefore, helpful in preventing the disease.

Objective:

Predicting the main biochemical properties of E. granulosus Adenylate Kinase 1 (ADK1)
and its possible B-cell and T-cell-binding epitopes as a valuable candidate for immunization
was the goal of the current study.

Methods:

Predictions were made to determine biochemical, antigenic, structural, and subcellular
characteristics, along with the immunogenic epitopes, using several online servers.

Results:

The extracellular 22 KDa protein had no allergenicity, while it possessed hydrophilicity
(GRAVY: -0.286), stability (instability: 17.48), tolerance to a wide range of temperatures (aliphatic:
93.45), and 17 post-translational modification sites. The secondary structure mostly comprised
helices and random coils and the 3D model was generated using Robetta server (confidence:
0.88). Common B-cell epitopes were discovered by three servers and screened for antigenic, allergenic,
and solubility traits. Moreover, MHC-associated epitopes for mice and humans were predicted
in E. granulosus ADK1 with subsequent screening.

Conclusion:

This work offers a foundation for further investigation on designing an effective vaccination
against CE. Further empirical research study with the examined protein solely or combined
with other antigens is needed.