bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Class I PI3K regulatory subunits control differentiation of dendritic cell subsets and regulate Flt3L mediated signal transduction
Authors: Thummar Keyur , Rathinam Chozha Vendan
Published: July 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) play pivotal roles in initiating and shaping both innate and adaptive immune responses. The spatiotemporal expression of transcription factor networks and activation of specific signal transduction pathways determine the specification, distribution and differentiation of DC subsets. Even though pioneering studies have established indispensable roles for specific catalytic subunits (p110δ and p110γ) in immune cells, functions of the regulatory subunits, particularly of Class I PI3K, within the hematopoietic system remain incompletely understood. In the study presented here, we deleted the key regulatory subunits—p85α and p85β of the Class IA PI3K in hematopoietic cells and studied its impact on DC differentiation. Our studies identify that a deficiency of p85 causes increased differentiation of conventional DC (cDC) 2 and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) subsets in the spleen. On the other hand, DC numbers in the bone marrow (BM), thymus and lymph nodes were decreased in p85 mutant mice. Analysis of DC-specific progenitors and precursors indicated increased numbers in the BM and spleen of p85 deficient mice. In-vitro differentiation studies demonstrated augmented DC-differentiation capacities of p85 deficient BM cells in the presence of GM-CSF and Flt3L. BM chimera studies established that p85 deficiency affects DC development through cell intrinsic mechanisms. Molecular studies revealed increased proliferation of DCs and common DC progenitors (CDPs) in the absence of p85 and altered signal transduction pathways in p85 mutant DC subsets in response to Flt3L. In essence, data presented here, for the first time, unequivocally establish that the P85α subunit of class IA PI3Ks has an indispensable role in the development and maintenance of DCs.
Determination of starting dose of the T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody ERY974 targeting glypican-3 in first-in-human clinical trial
Authors: Komatsu Shun-ichiro , Kayukawa Yoko , Miyazaki Yoko , Kaneko Akihisa , Ikegami Hisashi , Ishiguro Takahiro , Nakamura Mikiko , Frings Werner , Ono Natsuki , Sakata Kiyoaki , Fujii Toshihiko , Kishishita Shohei , Kitazawa Takehisa , Endo Mika , Sano Yuji
Published: July 2022

Currently, ERY974, a humanized IgG4 bispecific T cell-redirecting antibody recognizing glypican-3 and CD3, is in phase I clinical trials. After a first-in-human clinical trial of an anti-CD28 agonist monoclonal antibody resulting in severe life-threatening adverse events, the minimal anticipated biological effect level approach has been considered for determining the first-in-human dose of high-risk drugs. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the first-in-human dose of ERY974 using both the minimal anticipated biological effect level and no observed adverse effect level approaches. In the former, we used the 10% effective concentration value from a cytotoxicity assay using the huH-1 cell line with the highest sensitivity to ERY974 to calculate the first-in-human dose of 4.9 ng/kg, at which maximum drug concentration after 4 h of intravenous ERY974 infusion was equal to the 10% effective concentration value. To determine the no observed adverse effect level, we conducted a single-dose study in cynomolgus monkeys that were intravenously infused with ERY974 (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/kg). The lowest dose of 0.1 μg/kg was determined as the no observed adverse effect level, and the first-in-human dose of 3.2 ng/kg was calculated, considering body surface area and species difference. For the phase I clinical trial, we selected 3.0 ng/kg as a starting dose, which was lower than the first-in-human dose calculated from both the no observed adverse effect level and minimal anticipated biological effect level. Combining these two methods to determine the first-in-human dose of strong immune modulators such as T cell-redirecting antibodies would be a suitable approach from safety and efficacy perspectives.

Clinical trial registration: JapicCTI-194805/NCT05022927.
Bovine serum albumin-functionalized graphene-decorated strontium as a potent complex nanoparticle for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Akbari Hossein , Askari Esfandyar , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Salehi Zeinab
Published: July 2022

Graphene and its family have a great potential in tissue engineering because of their super mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties. Considering other properties of graphene such as high surface area and ready-to-use functionalization according to the high oxygen-containing groups in graphene oxide family, some needs could be addressed in bone tissue engineering. Herein, we synthesized and decorated strontium nanoparticles (SrNPs) during the reduction process of graphene oxide using green and novel method. Without using hydrazine or chemical linkers, strontium NPs were synthesized and decorated on the surface of rGO simultaneously using BSA. The results of the UV–Vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that BSA could successfully reduce graphene oxide and decorated SrNPs on the surface of rGO. FESEM and TEM exhibited that in situ synthesized SrNPs had 25–30 nm diameter. Interestingly, cell viability for MC3T3-E1 cells treated with SrNPs-rGO, were significantly higher than BSA-rGO and GO in constant concentration. Furthermore, we investigated the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) of these nanosheets that the results demonstrated Sr-BSA-rGO enhanced ALP activity more than GO and BSA-rGO. Remarkably, the relative expression of RUNX 2 and Col1 genes of MC3T3-E1 cells was boosted when treated with Sr-BSA-rGO nanosheets. This study revealed that using proteins and other biomolecules as green and facile agent for decoration of smart nanoparticles on the surface of nanosheets, would be promising and assist researcher to replace the harsh and toxic hydrazine like materials with bio-friendly method. These results demonstrated that Sr-BSA-rGO had the excellent capability for regenerating bone tissue and could be used as an osteogenesis booster in implants.
Long-term anti-tumor effects following both conventional radiotherapy and FLASH in fully immunocompetent animals with glioblastoma
Authors: Liljedahl Emma , Konradsson Elise , Gustafsson Emma , Jonsson Karolina Förnvik , Olofsson Jill K. , Ceberg Crister , Redebrandt Henrietta Nittby
Published: July 2022

Radiotherapy can induce an immunological response. One limiting factor is side effects on normal tissue. Using FLASH radiotherapy, side effects could possibly be reduced. The efficacy of FLASH in relation to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT) has not been extensively explored in fully immunocompetent animals. Fully immunocompetent Fischer 344 rats were inoculated with NS1 glioblastoma cells subcutaneously or intracranially. Radiotherapy was delivered with FLASH or CONV-RT at 8 Gy × 2 (subcutaneous tumors) and 12.5 Gy × 2 (intracranial tumors). Cured animals were re-challenged in order to explore long-term anti-tumor immunity. Serum analytes and gene expression were explored. The majority of animals with subcutaneous tumors were cured when treated with FLASH or CONV-RT at 8 Gy × 2. Cured animals could reject tumor re-challenge. TIMP-1 in serum was reduced in animals treated with FLASH 8 Gy × 2 compared to control animals. Animals with intracranial tumors survived longer when treated with FLASH or CONV-RT at 12.5 Gy × 2, but cure was not reached. CONV-RT and FLASH were equally effective in fully immunocompetent animals with glioblastoma. Radiotherapy was highly efficient in the subcutaneous setting, leading to cure and long-term immunity in the majority of the animals.
Misrepresentation of group contributions undermines conditional cooperation in a human decision making experiment
Authors: van den Berg Pieter , Liu Siyuan , Wenseleers Tom , Zhang Jianlei
Published: July 2022

Cooperative behaviour can evolve through conditional strategies that direct cooperation towards interaction partners who have themselves been cooperative in the past. Such strategies are common in human cooperation, but they can be vulnerable to manipulation: individuals may try to exaggerate their past cooperation to elicit reciprocal contributions or improve their reputation for future gains. Little is known about the prevalence and the ramifications of misrepresentation in human cooperation, neither in general nor about its cultural facets (self-sacrifice for the group is valued differently across cultures). Here, we present a large-scale interactive decision making experiment (N = 870), performed in China and the USA, in which individuals had repeated cooperative interactions in groups. Our results show that (1) most individuals from both cultures overstate their contributions to the group if given the opportunity, (2) misrepresentation of cooperation is detrimental to cooperation in future interactions, and (3) the possibility to build up a personal reputation amplifies the effects of misrepresentation on cooperation in China, but not in the USA. Our results suggest that misrepresentation of cooperation is likely to be an important factor in (the evolution of) human social behaviour, with, depending on culture, diverging impacts on cooperation outcomes.
Identification of FAT3 as a new candidate gene for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Nada Dina , Julien Cédric , Papillon-Cavanagh Simon , Majewski Jacek , Elbakry Mohamed , Elremaly Wesam , Samuels Mark E. , Moreau Alain
Published: July 2022

In an effort to identify rare alleles associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) whole-exome sequencing was performed on a discovery cohort of 73 unrelated patients and 70 age-and sex matched controls, all of French-Canadian ancestry. A collapsing gene burden test was performed to analyze rare protein-altering variants using case–control statistics. Since no single gene achieved statistical significance, targeted exon sequencing was performed for 24 genes with the smallestpvalues, in an independent replication cohort of unrelated severely affected females with AIS and sex-matched controls (N = 96 each). An excess of rare, potentially protein-altering variants was noted in one particular gene,FAT3, although it did not achieve statistical significance. Independently, we sequenced the exomes of all members of a rare multiplex family of three affected sisters and unaffected parents. All three sisters were compound heterozygous for two rare protein-altering variants inFAT3. The parents were single heterozygotes for each variant. The two variants in the family were also present in our discovery cohort. A second validation step was done, using another independent replication cohort of 258 unrelated AIS patients having reach their skeletal maturity and 143 healthy controls to genotype nineFAT3gene variants, including the two variants previously identified in the multiplex family: p.L517S (rs139595720) and p.L4544F (rs187159256). Interestingly, twoFAT3variants, rs139595720 (genotype A/G) and rs80293525 (genotype C/T), were enriched in severe scoliosis cases (4.5% and 2.7% respectively) compared to milder cases (1.4% and 0.7%) and healthy controls (1.6% and 0.8%). Our results implicateFAT3as a new candidate gene in the etiology of AIS.
SIRT1 upregulation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing senescence escape in endometriosis
Authors: Wang Minghua , Wu Yongqi , He Yunbiao , Liu Jing , Chen Yingxing , Huang Jieqiong , Qi Guolong , Li Ping
Published: July 2022

Endometrial epithelial cells carry distinct cancer-associated alterations that may be more susceptible to endometriosis. Mouse models have shown that overexpression of SIRT1 associated with oncogene activation contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, but the underlying reason remains elusive. Here, we used integrated systems biology analysis and found that enrichment of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in endometriosis and their cellular abundance correlated negatively with epithelial cells in clinical specimens. Furthermore, endometrial epithelial cells were characterized by significant overexpression of SIRT1, which is involved in triggering the EMT switch by escaping damage or oncogene-induced induced senescence in clinical specimens and in vitro human cell line models. This observation supports that genetic and epigenetic incident favors endometrial epithelia cells escape from senescence and fuel EMT process in endometriosis, what could be overcome by downregulation of SIRT1.
Temporal variation in climatic factors influences phenotypic diversity of Trochulus land snails
Authors: Proćków Małgorzata , Kuźnik-Kowalska Elżbieta , Żeromska Aleksandra , Mackiewicz Paweł
Published: July 2022

Organisms with limited dispersal capabilities should show phenotypic plasticity in situ to keep pace with environmental changes. Therefore, to study the influence of environmental variation on the phenotypic diversity, we chose land snails,Trochulus hispidusandT. sericeus, characterized by high population variability. We performed long-term field studies as well as laboratory and common garden experiments, which revealed that temporal environmental changes generate visible variation in shell size and shape of these snails. Many shell measurements ofT. hispidusvaried significantly with temperature and humidity in individual years. According to this, the first generation ofT. hispidus, bred in controlled laboratory conditions, became significantly different in higher spire and narrower umbilicus from its wild parents. Interestingly, offspring produced by this generation and transplanted to wild conditions returned to the ‘wild’ flat and wide-umbilicated shell shape. Moreover, initially different speciesT. hispidusandT. sericeustransferred into common environment conditions revealed rapid and convergent shell modifications within one generation. Such morphological flexibility and high genetic variation can be evolutionarily favored, when the environment is heterogeneous in time. The impact of climate change on the shell morphometry can lead to incorrect taxonomic classification or delimitation of artificial taxa in land snails. These findings have also important implications in the context of changing climate and environment.
Modeling the influence of gravity and the mechanical properties of elastin and collagen fibers on alveolar and lung pressure–volume curves
Authors: Shi Linzheng , Herrmann Jacob , Bou Jawde Samer , Bates Jason H. T. , Nia Hadi T. , Suki Béla
Published: July 2022

The relationship between pressure (P) and volume (V) in the human lung has been extensively studied. However, the combined effects of gravity and the mechanical properties of elastin and collagen on alveolar and lung P–V curves during breathing are not well understood. Here, we extended a previously established thick-walled spherical model of a single alveolus with wavy collagen fibers during positive pressure inflation. First, we updated the model for negative pressure-driven inflation that allowed incorporation of a gravity-induced pleural pressure gradient to predict how the static alveolar P–V relations vary spatially throughout an upright human lung. Second, by introducing dynamic surface tension and collagen viscoelasticity, we computed the hysteresis loop of the lung P–V curve. The model was tested by comparing its predicted regional ventilation to literature data, which offered insight into the effects of microgravity on ventilation. The model has also produced novel testable predictions for future experiments about the variation of mechanical stresses in the septal walls and the contribution of collagen and elastin fibers to the P–V curve and throughout the lung. The model may help us better understand how mechanical stresses arising from breathing and pleural pressure variations affect regional cellular mechanotransduction in the lung.
3D food printing improves color profile and structural properties of the derived novel whole-grain sourdough and malt biscuits
Authors: Kewuyemi Yusuf Olamide , Kesa Hema , Meijboom Reinout , Alimi Oyekunle Azeez , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji
Published: July 2022

Presentation of foods is essential to promote the acceptance of diversified and novel products. This study examined the color profile, browning index (BI), and structural properties of 3D-printed and traditional biscuits from whole-grain (WG) sourdough and germinated flours. The processed flours and composite/multigrain flours comprising cowpea sourdough (CS) and quinoa malt (QM) were used to prepare the snacks, and their structural characteristics were determined. Compared with the traditional biscuits, the 3D-printed biscuits showed considerable distinction in terms of consistent structural design and color intensities. The in-barrel shearing effect on dough biopolymers, automated printing of replicated dough strands in layers, and expansion during baking might have caused the biscuits’ structural differences. The composite biscuit formulations had a proportional share of CS and QM characteristics. The 80% CS and 20% QM printed biscuit had a low redness and BI, increased cell volume, average cell area, and total concavity. The 60% CS and 40% QM printed snack showed improved lightness and yellowness, increased average cell elongation, and less hardness. The 3D-printed composite biscuits may be recommended based on their unique structural characteristics. Such attributes can enhance the acceptability of printed foods and reinvent locally prepared meals as trendy, sustainable, and functional foods.
Experimental study on deformation characteristics and pore characteristics variation of granite residual soil
Authors: Yin Song , Huang Jia’ning , Li Xinming , Bai Linjie , Zhang Xianwei , Li Chunqing
Published: July 2022

This paper investigates the regularity of microstructural evolution of Shenzhen granite residual soil in an attempt to determine its macrostructural deformation characteristics. The pore distribution and microstructure characteristics of granite residual soil are examined experimentally under different consolidation stresses, coupled with mercury injection tests and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that a microstructure exists in the granite residual soil and that the structural characteristics of granite residual soil in Shenzhen. The calculated pre-consolidation stress and structural yield strength of the granite residual soil are similar, indicating a phenomenon that resembles over-consolidation in the granite residual soil. This is fundamentally different from the mechanism of conventional over-consolidation in soil. It is also found that the relationship between the increment of mercury in soil samples and the stress of the mercury under different consolidation stresses is mainly trimodal. The significance of the research presented in this paper lies in the development of a clear understanding of the influence of the microstructure characteristics of granite residual soil on its macrostructural deformation, thereby providing a theoretical basis for engineering applications involving granite residual soil and the analysis of foundation deformation.
Determining the effective factors in predicting diet adherence using an intelligent model
Authors: Mousavi Hediye , Karandish Majid , Jamshidnezhad Amir , Hadianfard Ali Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Adhering to a healthy diet plays an essential role in preventing many nutrition-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to predict adherence to the prescribed diets using a hybrid model of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the genetic algorithm (GA). In this study, 26 factors affecting diet adherence were modeled using ANN and GA(ANGA). A dataset of 1528 patients, including 1116 females and 412 males, referred to a private clinic was applied. SPSS Ver.25 and MATLAB toolbox 2017 were employed to make the model and analyze the data. The results showed that the accuracy of the proposed ANN and ANGA models for predicting diet adherence was 93.22% and 93.51%, respectively. Also, the Pearson coefficient showed a significant relationship among the factors. The developed model showed the proper performance for predicting adherence to the diet. Moreover, the most effective factors were selected using GA. Some important factors that affect diet adherence include the duration of the marriage, the reason for referring to the clinic, weight, body mass index (BMI), weight satisfaction, lunch and dinner times, and sleep time. Therefore, applying the proposed model can help dietitians identify people who need more support to adhere to the diet.
A simple proteinuria-based risk score predicts contrast-associated acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Fujiwara Wakaya , Ishii Hideki , Sobue Yoshihiro , Shimizu Shinya , Ishiguro Tomoya , Yamada Ryo , Ueda Sayano , Nishimura Hideto , Niwa Yudai , Miyazaki Akane , Miyagi Wataru , Takahara Shuhei , Naruse Hiroyuki , Ishii Junichi , Kiyono Ken , Watanabe Eiichi , Izawa Hideo
Published: July 2022

Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Because proteinuria is a sentinel marker of renal dysfunction, we assessed its role in predicting CA-AKI in patients undergoing PCI. A total of 1,254 patients undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to a derivation (n = 840) and validation (n = 414) dataset. We identified the independent predictors of CA-AKI where CA-AKI was defined by the new criteria issued in 2020, by a multivariate logistic regression in the derivation dataset. We created a risk score from the remaining predictors. The discrimination and calibration of the risk score in the validation dataset were assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) and Hosmer–Lemeshow test, respectively. A total of 64 (5.1%) patients developed CA-AKI. The 3 variables of the risk score were emergency procedures, serum creatinine, and proteinuria, which were assigned 1 point each based on the correlation coefficient. The risk score demonstrated a good discriminative power (AUC 0.789, 95% CI 0.766–0.912) and significant calibration. It was strongly associated with the onset of CA-AKI (Cochran-Armitage test, p < 0.0001). Our risk score that included proteinuria was simple to obtain and calculate, and may be useful in assessing the CA-AKI risk before PCI.
The high-pressure lithium–palladium and lithium–palladium–hydrogen systems
Authors: Frost Mungo , McBride Emma E. , Smith Jesse S. , Glenzer Siegfried H.
Published: July 2022

The lithium–palladium and lithium–palladium–hydrogen systems are investigated at high pressures at and above room temperature. Two novel lithium–palladium compounds are found below $${18.7}\,{\mathrm{GPa}}$$

18.7

GPa

. An ambient temperature phase is tentatively assigned as $$F{\bar{4}}3m\,\hbox {Li}_{17}\hbox {Pd}_{4}$$

F

4

¯

3
m

Li
17

Pd
4

, with $$a = 17.661(1)$$

a
=
17.661
(
1
)

Å at 8.64 GPa, isostructural with $$\hbox {Li}_{17}\hbox {Sn}_{4}$$

Li
17

Sn
4

. The other phase occurs at high-temperature and is $$I{\bar{4}}3m\, \hbox {Li}_{11}\hbox {Pd}_{2}$$

I

4

¯

3
m

Li
11

Pd
2

, $$a = 9.218(1)$$

a
=
9.218
(
1
)

Å at 3.88 GPa and 200 $$^\circ {\mathrm{C}}$$

∘

C

, similar to $$\hbox {Li}_{11}\hbox {Pt}_{2}$$

Li
11

Pt
2

, which is also known at high pressure. The presence of hydrogen in the system results in an $$I{\bar{4}}3m$$

I

4

¯

3
m

structure with $$a = 8.856(1)$$

a
=
8.856
(
1
)

Å at 9.74 GPa. This persists up to $${13.3}\,\mathrm{GPa}$$

13.3

GPa

, the highest pressure studied. Below $${2}\,{\mathrm{GPa}}$$

2

GPa

an fcc phase with a large unit cell, $$a = 19.324(1)$$

a
=
19.324
(
1
)

Å at 0.39 GPa, is also observed in the presence of hydrogen. On heating the hydrogen containing system at 4 GPa the $$I{\bar{4}}3m$$

I

4

¯

3
m

phases persists to the melting point of lithium. In both systems melting the lithium results in the loss of crystalline diffraction from palladium containing phases. This is attributed to dissolution of the palladium in the molten lithium, and on cooling the palladium remains dispersed.
Magnetocaloric performance of the three-component Ho1-xErxNi2 (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) Laves phases as composite refrigerants
Authors: Ćwik Jacek , Koshkid’ko Yurii , Nenkov Konstantin , Tereshina-Chitrova Evgenia , Małecka Małgorzata , Weise Bruno , Kowalska Karolina
Published: July 2022

To date, significant efforts have been put into searching for materials with advanced magnetocaloric properties which show promise as refrigerants and permit realization of efficient cooling. The present study, by an example of Ho1−xErxNi2, develops the concept of magnetocaloric efficiency in the rare-earth Laves-phase compounds. Based on the magneto-thermodynamic properties, their potentiality as components of magnetocaloric composites is illustrated. The determined regularities in the behaviour of the heat capacity, magnetic entropy change, and adiabatic temperature change of the system substantiate reaching high magnetocaloric potentials in a desired temperature range. For the Ho1−xErxNi2 solid solutions, we simulate optimal molar ratios and construct the composites used in magnetic refrigerators performing an Ericsson cycle at low temperatures. The tailored magnetocaloric characteristics are designed and efficient procedures for their manufacturing are developed. Our calculations based on the real empirical data are very promising and open avenue to further experimental studies. Systems showing large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) at low temperatures are of importance due to their potential utilization in refrigeration for gas liquefaction.
Estimates of the genetic contribution to methane emission in dairy cows: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh Navid
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to perform a meta-analysis using the three-level model to integrate published estimates of genetic parameters for methane emission traits [methane yield (METY), methane intensity (METINT), and methane production (METP)] in dairy cows. Overall, 40 heritability estimates and 32 genetic correlations from 17 papers published between 2015 and 2021 were used in this study. The heritability estimates for METY, METINT, and METP were 0.244, 0.180, and 0.211, respectively. The genetic correlation estimates between METY and METINT with corrected milk yield for fat, protein, and or energy (CMY) were negative (− 0.433 and − 0.262, respectively). Also, genetic correlation estimates between METINT with milk fat and protein percentages were 0.254 and 0.334, respectively. Although the genetic correlation estimate of METP with daily milk yield was 0.172, its genetic correlation with CMY was 0.446. All genetic correlation estimates between METP with milk fat and protein yield or percentage ranged from 0.005 (between METP-milk protein yield) to 0.185 (between METP-milk protein percentage). The current meta-analysis confirmed the presence of additive genetic variation for methane emission traits in dairy cows that could be exploited in genetic selection plans.
Discovery of a lectin domain that regulates enzyme activity in mouse N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (MGAT4A)
Authors: Nagae Masamichi , Hirata Tetsuya , Tateno Hiroaki , Mishra Sushil K. , Manabe Noriyoshi , Osada Naoko , Tokoro Yuko , Yamaguchi Yoshiki , Doerksen Robert J. , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Kizuka Yasuhiko
Published: July 2022

N-Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification, and the number of GlcNAc branches in N-glycans impacts glycoprotein functions. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase-IVa (GnT-IVa, also designated as MGAT4A) forms a β1-4 GlcNAc branch on the α1-3 mannose arm in N-glycans. Downregulation or loss of GnT-IVa causes diabetic phenotypes by dysregulating glucose transporter-2 in pancreatic β-cells. Despite the physiological importance of GnT-IVa, its structure and catalytic mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we identify the lectin domain in mouse GnT-IVa’s C-terminal region. The crystal structure of the lectin domain shows structural similarity to a bacterial GlcNAc-binding lectin. Comprehensive glycan binding assay using 157 glycans and solution NMR reveal that the GnT-IVa lectin domain selectively interacts with the product N-glycans having a β1-4 GlcNAc branch. Point mutation of the residue critical to sugar recognition impairs the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the lectin domain is a regulatory subunit for efficient catalytic reaction. Our findings provide insights into how branching structures of N-glycans are biosynthesized.
A model for network-based identification and pharmacological targeting of aberrant, replication-permissive transcriptional programs induced by viral infection
Authors: Laise Pasquale , Stanifer Megan L. , Bosker Gideon , Sun Xiaoyun , Triana Sergio , Doldan Patricio , La Manna Federico , De Menna Marta , Realubit Ronald B. , Pampou Sergey , Karan Charles , Alexandrov Theodore , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna , Califano Andrea , Boulant Steeve , Alvarez Mariano J.
Published: July 2022

SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the host cell transcriptional machinery to induce a phenotypic state amenable to its replication. Here we show that analysis of Master Regulator proteins representing mechanistic determinants of the gene expression signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells revealed coordinated inactivation of Master Regulators enriched in physical interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, suggesting their mechanistic role in maintaining a host cell state refractory to virus replication. To test their functional relevance, we measured SARS-CoV-2 replication in epithelial cells treated with drugs predicted to activate the entire repertoire of repressed Master Regulators, based on their experimentally elucidated, context-specific mechanism of action. Overall, 15 of the 18 drugs predicted to be effective by this methodology induced significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 replication, without affecting cell viability. This model for host-directed pharmacological therapy is fully generalizable and can be deployed to identify drugs targeting host cell-based Master Regulator signatures induced by virtually any pathogen.
Real-time monitoring of the hydrolysis of vegetable oils loaded in silica colloidal crystal films with lipase by optical interferometry
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhou Lele , Zhang Yifan , Qian Weiping
Published: July 2022

The hydrolysis of four kinds of vegetable oil was monitored in real-time with ordered porous layer interferometry, which can be used to evaluate the health value of vegetable oil.
Mussel-inspired multifunctional hydrogel dressing with hemostasis, hypoglycemic, photothermal antibacterial properties on diabetic wounds
Authors: Wang Qian , Qiu Weiwang , Li Mengna , Li Na , Li Xiaoran , Qin Xiaohong , Wang Xueli , Yu Jianyong , Li Faxue , Huang Liqian , Wu Dequn
Published: July 2022

To meticulously establish an efficient photothermal multifunctional hydrogel dressing is a prospective strategy for the treatment of diabetic chronic wounds.
Insulin therapy maintains the performance of PVA-coated PCL grafts in a diabetic rat model
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta , Oyama Kyohei , Yoshida Takumi , Naruse Daisuke , Tsutsui Masahiro , Kunioka Shingo , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus deteriorates the performance of small-caliber PCL graft and insulin treatment rescues the function.
Ultra-thermostable soy protein particles prepared by combining preheating treatment with slightly alkaline pH
Authors: Wei Yixue , Ren Chao , Cai Wenqiang , Xu Xianbing , Wang Zhenyu , Du Ming , Wu Chao
Published: July 2022

Ultra-heat-stable soy protein particles were successfully obtained by combining a preheating treatment with slightly alkaline pH, and suspensions of these proteins remained in the fluid state at protein concentrations as high as 20% (w/v) after the reheating treatment.
A bottom-up approach from medium-sized bilayer boron nanoclusters to bilayer borophene nanomaterials
Authors: Yan Qiao-Qiao , Zhang Ting , Ma Yuan-Yuan , Chen Qiang , Mu Yue-Wen , Li Si-Dian
Published: July 2022

Extensive density functional theory calculations present a bilayer bottom-up approach from medium-sized boron nanoclusters to semiconducting borophene nanomaterials composed of conjoined B72 bilayer hexagonal prisms sharing boron triple chains.
Preparation of an interpenetrating bimetal metal–organic framework via metal metathesis used for promoting gas adsorption
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Zhang Yingying , Wang Xiaoqing , Li Jinping , Yang Jiangfeng
Published: July 2022

Novel interpenetrating bimetallic MIL-126(Cr/Sc) has been synthesized using a metal metathesis method, and showed a higher CO2, N2O and C2H2 uptake and binding energy than the parent MIL-126(Sc) material.
Li-Free ternary sulphide Cs5Ga9S16 with excellent nonlinear optical performance similar to classic LiGaS2
Authors: Zhao Jin-Xu , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Chen Wen-Fa , Pei Shao-Min , Liu Bin-Wen , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: July 2022

The most electropositive element, Cs, was introduced into [Ga9S16]5− framework to acquire the noncentrosymmetric sulphide Cs5Ga9S16, displaying outstanding optical performance when avoided the problem of silica tube corrosiveness similar to LiGaS2.
Stereoselective synthesis of functionalized azepines via gold and palladium relay catalysis
Authors: Yang Wu-Lin , Shen Jia-Huan , Zhao Zeng-Hui , Wang Zhongao , Deng Wei-Ping
Published: July 2022

We developed a cycloisomerization/asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloaddition cascade reaction via gold/palladium relay catalysis, furnishing enantioenriched furan-fused azepines efficiently.
Chemo- and regioselective defluorinative annulation of (trifluoromethyl)alkenes with pyrazolones: synthesis and insecticidal activity of 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles
Authors: Li Chengxi , Li Hengyuan , Yao Guangkai , Liang Xianghui , Zhao Chen , Xu Hanhong , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Chuanle
Published: July 2022

The chemo- and regioselective defluorinative [3 + 3] annulation of (trifluoromethyl)alkenes and pyrazolones gives useful 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles.
Copper-catalyzed direct monofluoroalkenylation of C(sp3)–H bondsviadecarboxylation of α-fluoroacrylic acids
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yu , Chen Xing-Ke , Gao Meng-Ting , Sun Xiao-Mei , Jiang Run-Chuang , Wang Jun-Chao , Yu Li-Juan , Ge Meng-Yuan , Wei Zheng-Huan , Liu Zi
Published: July 2022

Herein, a protocol for the copper-catalyzed direct monofluoroalkenylation of C(sp3)–H bonds is reported.
Selective adsorption of butenes over butanes on isoreticular Ni-IRMOF-74-I and Ni-IRMOF-74-II
Authors: Thakkar Jay , Guo Winters Kexi , Janik Michael J. , Zhang Xueyi
Published: July 2022

The separation of butanes and butenes using MOF-74 (with two reticular MOFs with different pore sizes, Ni-IRMOF-74-I and Ni-IRMOF-74-II) was evaluated computationally using density functional theory.
Implementation of surface functionalization of MnS nanoparticles for achieving novel optical properties and improving therapeutic potential
Authors: Bera Arpan , Hasan Md. Nur , Pan Nivedita , Ghosh Ria , Alsantali Reem A. , Altass Hatem M. , Obaid Rami J. , Ahmed Saleh A. , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: July 2022

The citrate capping of solubilized MnS nanoparticles in water produced photo-induced pH switching. Citrate-MnS shows remarkable ROS production at acidic and neutral pH in the dark, at pH 5 ROS production demonstrates bilirubin degradation and antimicrobial activity.
Investigation of the soft carbon microstructure in silicon/carbon anodes for superior lithium storage
Authors: Du Juntao , Ma Jiangkai , Liu Zetao , Wang Wenchao , Jia Huina , Zhang Minxin , Nie Yi
Published: July 2022

It is essential to consider the controllable microstructure of soft carbon and its enhancement effect on the electrochemical performance of silicon (Si) active materials.
Retraction: In situ Raman investigation of the phase transition of NaVO2F2 under variable temperature conditions
Authors: Zhang Sa , Li Yan , Huang Liuqing , Huang Liuying , Luo Xuetao
Published: July 2022

Retraction of ‘In situ Raman investigation of the phase transition of NaVO2F2 under variable temperature conditions’ by Sa Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 23550–23556, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02827H.
Subphthalocyanine capsules: molecular reactors for photoredox transformations of fullerenes
Authors: Moreno-Simoni Marta , Torres Tomás , de la Torre Gema
Published: July 2022

A photoredox cage built by coordination of two pyridyl-subphthalocyanines to Pd centers has proved versatile and efficient to catalyze photoredox addition reactions over encapsulated C60.
Valence state modulation of Mn/FePO4 nanostructures for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Ahmed Zubair , Krishankant  , Sachdeva Parrydeep K. , Kaur Rajdeep , Kumari Shilpa , Bera Chandan , Bagchi Vivek
Published: July 2022

Here, Mn-doped FePO4 nanoparticles encased in phosphorus incorporated RGO sheets. The chemical reduction approach boosts the electrocatalyst's ORR activity by adjusting the Mn valence state.
Axial ligand promoted phosphate tolerance of an atomically dispersed Fe catalyst towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Jie , Zhang Linjuan , Fan Chaohua , Zhou Xin , Zhang Bingsen , Cui Xuejing , Wang Jianqiang , Cheng Yi , Sun Shuhui , Jiang Luhua
Published: July 2022

The planar Fe–N4moiety with an axial O ligand reduces phosphate anion adsorption on Fe active centers while boosting oxygen molecule dissociation, resulting in outstanding performance in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Construction of Ni/Ni3N heterojunctions as reversible micro-reaction centers for lithium polysulfides
Authors: Xiao Tingjiao , Yi Fengjin , Wang He , Yang Mingzhi , Liu Weiliang , Ren Manman , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen
Published: July 2022

The synergetic effect of the Ni/Ni3N heterojunctions and N-doped carbon nanotubes endows the Ni/Ni3N–CNT/S electrode with satisfactory electrochemical performance in Li–S batteries.
Sub-1 nm Pt nanoclusters on N and P co-doped carbon nanotubes for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Han Junxing , Gong Chenhao , He Can , He Peiran , Zhang Jian , Zhang Zhongguo
Published: July 2022

A novel strategy to support sub-1 nm Pt nanoclusters on N and P co-doped carbon nanotubes was developed. The prepared Pt/NP-CNTs showed highly efficient HER activity and durability in acidic electrolytes, outperforming those of commercial Pt/C.
Caregiver-Implemented Communication Interventions for Children Identified as Having Language Impairment 0 Through 48 Months of Age: A Scoping Review
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H. , Elmquist Marianne , Kuchler Kirstin , Ford Andrea Boh , Cakir-Dilek Betul , Riegelman Amy , Brown Sarah Jane , Marsalis Scott
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Caregiver-implemented interventions are frequently used to support the early communication of young children with language impairment. Although there are numerous studies and meta-analyses supporting their use, there is a need to better understand the intervention approaches and identify potential gaps in the research base. With that premise, we conducted a scoping review to synthesize existing data with an end goal of informing future research directions.

Method:

We identified relevant studies by comprehensively searching four databases. After deduplication, we screened 5,703 studies. We required included studies (
N
= 59) to evaluate caregiver-implemented communication interventions and include at least one caregiver communication outcome measure. We extracted information related to the (a) study, child, and caregiver characteristics; (b) intervention components (e.g., strategies taught, delivery method and format, and dosage); and (c) caregiver and child outcome measures (e.g., type, quality, and level of evidence).

Results:

We synthesized results by age group of the child participants. There were no studies with children in the prenatal through 11-month-old age range identified in our review that yielded a caregiver language outcome measure with promising or compelling evidence. For the 12- through 23-month group, there were seven studies, which included eight communication intervention groups; for the 24- through 35-month group, there were 21 studies, which included 26 intervention groups; and for the 36- through 48-month group, there were 21 studies, which included 23 intervention groups. Across studies and age groups, there was considerable variability in the reporting of study characteristics, intervention approaches, and outcome measures.

Conclusion:

Our scoping review highlights important research gaps and inconsistencies in study reporting that should be addressed in future investigations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20289195
Continuously wavelength‐tunable passband‐flattened fibre multiwavelength filter based on heterogeneous combination of wave retarders
Authors: Jung Jaehoon , Lee Yong Wook
Published: July 2022

By incorporating the heterogeneous combination of wave retarders, the authors demonstrated a continuously wavelength‐tunable passband‐flattened fibre multiwavelength filter comprised of a four‐port polarization beam splitter (PBS), two equal‐length polarization‐maintaining fibre (PMF) segments, one wave retarder combination (WRC) of dual quarter‐wave retarders (QWRs), and another WRC of a half‐wave retarder (HWR) and a QWR. The former WRC lies before the first PMF segment, and the latter one is located between the two PMF segments. From the theoretically derived filter transmittance, the authors found the orientation angle (OA) sets of the four wave retarders where the additional phase ϕ of the transmittance function could be continuously modified from 0° to 360°. For eight OA sets allowing ϕ to increase from 0° to 315° by 45°, the authors calculated the passband‐flattened transmission spectrum of the filter and confirmed its redshift by 0.1 nm per set. Then, this theoretical prediction was verified by the experimental implementation of the filter, which clearly indicates the continuous wavelength tuning capability of the proposed filter.
Multiple hypothesis S‐dimensional assignment algorithm for data association of angle‐only sensors with limited fields of view
Authors: Ma Feng , Lu Huanzhang , Zhang Luping , Shen Xinglin
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on how to obtain globally optimal multisensor data association results under the condition that the number of targets is unknown. This problem is likely to occur in scenarios where the sensors’ fields of view (FoVs) are limited. The authors proved that, ideally, the cost of the association result is a convex function of the assumed target number and with the minimal value only if the target number is correctly assumed. Based on this, a multiple hypothesis S‐dimensional assignment (MHSDA) algorithm is proposed, which replaces the traditional irrevocable onetime assumption with a multiple hypothesis approach to counteract the effect of target number uncertainty. Furthermore, a hybrid implementation architecture based on Union Find plus MHSDA is proposed to ensure the real‐time performance. The proposed algorithm requires neither prior knowledge on the number of targets nor on the FoVs of sensors and is applicable to target dense scenarios. Simulation results under different FoV, target number and measurement noise configurations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
X-ray illuminated accretion discs and quasar microlensing disc sizes
Authors: Papadakis I. E. , Dovčiak M. , Kammoun E. S.
Published: July 2022

Aims. We study the half-light radius versus black hole mass as well as the luminosity versus black hole mass relations in active galactic nuclei (AGN) when the disc is illuminated by the X-ray corona.

Methods. We used KYNSED, a recently developed spectral model for studying broadband spectral energy distribution in AGN. We considered non-illuminated Novikov-Thorne discs and X-ray illuminated discs based on a Novikov-Thorne temperature radial profile. We also considered the case where the temperature profile is modified by a colour-correction factor. In the case of X-ray illumination, we assumed that the X-ray luminosity is equal to the accretion power that is dissipated to the disc below a transition radius and we computed the half-light radius and the disc luminosity for many black hole masses, as well as a wide range of accretion rates, black hole spins, X-ray luminosities and heights of the corona.

Results. The half-light radius of X-ray illuminated radii can be up to ∼3.5 times greater than the radius of a standard disc, even for a non-spinning black hole, based on a wide range of model parameters – as long as the transition radius is larger than three times the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit and the coronal height is greater than ∼40 Rg. This result is due to the fact that the absorbed X-rays act as a secondary source of energy, increasing the disc temperature, and mainly at large radii. Non-illuminated discs are consistent with observations, but only at the 2.5σ level. On the other hand, X-ray illuminated discs can explain both the half-light radius-black hole mass as well as the luminosity-black hole mass relation in AGN, for a wide range of physical parameters. The range of the parameter space is broader in the case where we consider the colour-correction factor. X-ray illuminated discs can explain the data when we observe gravitationally lensed quasars mainly face-on, but also if the mean inclination angle is 60°. In addition, we show that the observed X-ray luminosity of the gravitationally lensed quasars is fully consistent with the X-ray luminosity that is necessary for heating the disc.

Conclusions. X-ray disc illumination was proposed many years ago to explain various features that are commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of AGN. Recently, we showed that X-ray illumination of the accretion disc can also explain the observed UV/optical time-lags in AGN, while in this work, we show that the same model can also account for the quasar micro-lensing disc size problem. These results support the hypothesis of the disc X-ray illumination in AGN.
Reducing effect of biomass derived char on iron ore fines; a statistical investigation and regression modelling
Authors: Sahoo Soumya , Mishra Subhabrata , Sahu Sachida Nanda , Sahoo Mahendra Kumar , Soren Shatrughan
Published: July 2022

India is an economically developing country. Country’s development and growth is largely interlinked with iron and steel industry as well as availability of energy and its utilization. Energy sector and iron and steel industry mainly consumes convectional and fossil fuel like coal and gas. Present coal reserves of India will last for about 30-40 years at present consumption rate. Consumption of conventional fuels is not economically feasible and environment friendly. Biomass can be an alternative source of fuel for numerous engineering and scientific applications. The char derived from biomass known as biochar can be utilized in the iron and steel-making processes. It can lessen the coke consumption rate and subsequently reduce pollution as well as cost economics. Utilization of low and lean grade iron ore is need of the hour. Removal of gangue impurities from lean and low-grade iron ore is difficult through convectional beneficiation process. The reduction roasting process can be adopted to counter these challenges. The present study focuses on the reduction behavior of iron ore using three various biochar derived from three biomass, viz; wood dust, sugarcane bagasse and coconut shell. A single factorial Design of Experiment with two levels and three variables was adopted and a first-order regression equation was generated to estimate the degree of reduction. The Student’s T-test and Fisher test were performed to validate the regression equation. The obtained results showed that the biochar can be used as a substitute reductant. However, the residence time and temperature play a vital role in the reduction process. The obtained regression equation also validates the effect of residence time and temperature on the reduction process.