bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faithful vertical transmission but ineffective horizontal transmission of bacterial endosymbionts during sexual reproduction of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae
Authors: VORBURGER CHRISTOPH , SIEGRIST GABRIELLE , RHYNER NICOLA
Published: January 2017

1. Insects are commonly infected with bacterial endosymbionts. In addition to the costs and benefits associated with harbouring these symbionts, their rates of vertical and horizontal transmission are important determinants of symbiont prevalence.

2. Aphids are cyclical parthenogens and show virtually perfect maternal transmission of endosymbionts during asexual reproduction. Less clear is the role of the annual sexual generation, during which overwintering eggs are produced. Data from pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) suggest that maternal transmission failures and horizontal transmission via males may occur under sexual reproduction at least occasionally. No such data exist for other aphid species.

3. In the present study, the rates of maternal and paternal transmission of facultative endosymbionts during sexual reproduction in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli) were examined. Crosses were performed between clones infected with Hamiltonella defensa, clones infected with Regiella insecticola and clones without facultative endosymbionts, and eggs were overwintered under three different conditions.

4. Only one of 205 offspring from crosses testing for maternal transmission failed to inherit the symbiont present in the maternal clone, and in crosses testing for horizontal transmission, only one of 412 offspring acquired a facultative symbiont from the father.

5. These results show that in A. fabae, maternal transmission of H. defensa and R. insecticola is extremely reliable also during sexual reproduction, indicating that maternal transmission failures are unlikely to exert a significant influence on frequencies of infection in the field. Paternal transmission of endosymbionts was exceedingly rare, suggesting that this route of horizontal transmission may be less important than hitherto assumed.
Two microcrustaceans affect microbial and macroinvertebrate‐driven litter breakdown
Authors: Chambord Sophie , Tackx Michèle , Chauvet Eric , Escolar Guillaume , Colas Fanny
Published: January 2017

Leaf litter degradation in fresh waters is a fundamental ecosystem process performed by a wide array of decomposers. The meiofauna is an important component of aquatic heterotrophic assemblages, which can provide a trophic link between plant detritus and associated microbial and macroinvertebrate communities, but their contribution to leaf breakdown remains poorly understood.

We hypothesised that, through their feeding activity, microcrustaceans influence the structure of fungal assemblages and consequently microbially mediated litter breakdown. Litter‐associated microcrustaceans were predicted to change the pathways of energy transfer in the food web according to the positive (e.g. complementarity) or negative (e.g. predation) interactions with macroinvertebrate detritivore taxa.

We evaluated experimentally in the laboratory, over 6 and 13 days, the potential contribution of two freshwater microcrustaceans (a cladoceran and a copepod) to litter breakdown in the presence of microfungi (aquatic hyphomycetes), with and without macroinvertebrate detritivores (a trichopteran and a gammarid amphipod).

The presence of microcrustaceans enhanced leaf mass loss by 62 and 22% in treatments with fungi or trichopteran alone, respectively, while no significant effect was observed for treatments with the amphipod. Microcrustaceans strongly increased the production of fine particulate organic matter, particularly in treatments with fungi alone (+637%). The leaf consumption rate by the amphipod significantly decreased (−61%) at 13 days in the presence of microcrustaceans, likely due to predation on cladocerans.

Our study supports the potential role of microcrustaceans in the detrital food web of streams and rivers. Interestingly, microcrustaceans may interact with microbial and macroinvertebrate decomposers in either positive or negative ways. Therefore, microcrustaceans add complexity to detrital food webs by increasing vertical diversity and modulating biotic interactions with important consequences for carbon and energy transfers in stream ecosystems.
Recurrent NAB2–STAT6 gene fusions and oestrogen receptor‐α expression in pulmonary adenofibromas
Authors: Fusco Nicola , Guerini‐Rocco Elena , Augello Claudia , Terrasi Andrea , Ercoli Giulia , Fumagalli Caterina , Vacirca Davide , Braidotti Paola , Parafioriti Antonina , Jaconi Marta , Runza Letterio , Ananthanarayanan Vijayalakshmi , Pagni Fabio , Bosari Silvano , Barberis Massimo , Ferrero Stefano
Published: January 2017

Aims

Pulmonary adenofibromas are rare benign fibroepithelial tumours of the lung with unknown histogenesis and an indolent clinical behaviour. Their stroma resembles that of solitary fibrous tumours, whereas the glands are composed of respiratory epithelium organized in a phyllodes‐like architecture. Differentiation of pulmonary adenofibromas from other more aggressive intrathoracic tumours is clinically relevant. However, their biology is unknown. Here, we sought to characterize pulmonary adenofibromas at a clinicopathological level and to define whether they could be underpinned by a highly recurrent somatic genetic alteration akin to tumours with similar morphology.

Methods and results

Seven pulmonary adenofibromas were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), napsin A, cytokeratin 7, E‐cadherin, CD99, CD34, CD31, STAT6, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, bcl‐2, and vimentin, as well as electron microscopy and capillary sequencing on microdissected samples to evaluate the presence of NAB2–STAT6 fusion genes and MED12 exon 2 mutations in their discrete components. A control group comprising pulmonary solitary fibrous tumours, pulmonary hamartomas and breast fibroadenomas was also analysed. We confirmed that the stromal elements of pulmonary adenofibromas pertain to the fibroblastic lineage, and show ER overexpression in 71% of cases, whereas the epithelium consists of TTF1‐positive, E‐cadherin positive bronchiolar elements. A highly recurrent NAB2–STAT6 fusion variant (exon 4–exon 2) was detected in the stroma but not in the epithelium. No MED12 mutations were identified.

Conclusions

Here, we demonstrate that pulmonary adenofibromas are neoplastic lesions harbouring the molecular hallmark of solitary fibrous tumours.
Mobbing behaviour in a passerine community increases with prevalence in predator diet
Authors: Dutour Mylene , Lena Jean‐Paul , Lengagne Thierry
Published: January 2017

Mobbing behaviour against predators is well documented but less is known about the factors influencing variation in behavioural response between prey species. We conducted a series of playback experiments to examine how the mobbing responses of prey species differed according to their relative risk of predation by the Eurasian Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum, a predator of passerines. We found that mobbing among 22 passerine prey species was positively correlated with their prevalence in the Pygmy Owl diet. To compare mobbing behaviour between two seasons, we conducted playback experiments during spring (breeding season) and autumn (non‐breeding season). Contrary to previous studies, we found that mobbing intensity was greater during autumn than in spring. Our study shows a differential mobbing response of 22 species to the calls from one predator species and underscores the importance of considering seasonal variation in mobbing behaviour. Mobbing response differences observed among bird species strongly suggest different cooperation behaviour at the community level.
The effect of calcium chloride and calcium lactate pretreatment concentration on peach cell integrity after high‐pressure processing
Authors: Techakanon Chukwan , Barrett Diane M.
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of calcium chloride and calcium lactate pretreatments at different concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2% w/v) on enzymatic browning of clingstone and freestone peaches following high‐pressure processing (HPP) at 200 MPa for 10 min. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) relaxometry indicated that following calcium pretreatment and HPP, both peach types had lower percentages of water in the vacuole compartment and a simultaneous increase in the percentage of water in the cytoplasm compartment. Calcium pretreatment of freestone peaches did not affect the development of browning, regardless of the form of calcium or the concentration, whereas calcium lactate pretreatment undesirably enhanced clingstone peach discoloration. Calcium pretreatments have the potential to reduce the loss of cell integrity that results from HPP; however, in this study, the effect was not sufficient to inhibit the interaction between the polyphenol oxidase enzyme that catalyses browning and its substrates.
Kinetics of phase formation in the Ln–O–S (Ln=La, Gd, Y) systems during oxide sulfidation in ammonium thiocyanate vapor
Authors: Bakovets Vladimir V. , Sotnikov Aleksandr V. , Korolkov Ilya V.
Published: January 2017

Kinetics and mechanism of phase formation in the Ln–O–S (Ln=La, Gd, Y) systems during Ln2O3 sulfidation in ammonium thiocyanate vapor and the identified sequence of transformations of obtained phases in the temperature range 873‐1273 K have been studied. The kinetic dependencies for the reactions involved were fitted by the Jander equation for topochemical heterogeneous reactions with a squared correlation coefficient R2=.99. The reaction rate constants, pre‐exponential factors, and effective activation energies for the reaction formation of compounds have been calculated, and approximate times and low temperatures for the formation of particular phases have been found.
A systematic review of evidence relating to clinical supervision for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals
Authors: Pollock Alex , Campbell Pauline , Deery Ruth , Fleming Mick , Rankin Jean , Sloan Graham , Cheyne Helen
Published: January 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence relating to clinical supervision for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals.

Background

Since 1902 statutory supervision has been a requirement for UK midwives, but this is due to change. Evidence relating to clinical supervision for nurses and allied health professions could inform a new model of clinical supervision for midwives.

Design

A systematic review with a contingent design, comprising a broad map of research relating to clinical supervision and two focussed syntheses answering specific review questions.

Data sources

Electronic databases were searched from 2005 ‐ September 2015, limited to English‐language peer‐reviewed publications.

Review methods

Systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of clinical supervision were included in Synthesis 1. Primary research studies including a description of a clinical supervision intervention were included in Synthesis 2. Quality of reviews were judged using a risk of bias tool and review results summarized in tables. Data describing the key components of clinical supervision interventions were extracted from studies included in Synthesis 2, categorized using a reporting framework and a narrative account provided.

Results

Ten reviews were included in Synthesis 1; these demonstrated an absence of convincing empirical evidence and lack of agreement over the nature of clinical supervision. Nineteen primary studies were included in Synthesis 2; these highlighted a lack of consistency and large variations between delivered interventions.

Conclusion

Despite insufficient evidence to directly inform the selection and implementation of a framework, the limited available evidence can inform the design of a new model of clinical supervision for UK‐based midwives.
Researching European Union Agencies: What Have We Learnt (and Where Do We Go from Here)?
Authors: Egeberg Morten , Trondal Jarle
Published: January 2017

This review article, with a clear political science and public administration bias, takes stock of the existing literature on EU agencies and suggests a future research agenda. The article reviews studies on EU agencies' organization, tasks, proliferation and location in the political‐administrative space. Whether the advent of EU agencies tends to underpin a basically intergovernmental, transnational or supranational order has potentially huge consequences for the distribution of power across levels of government, for the degree of policy uniformity and pooling of administrative resources across countries, for the role of genuinely European perspectives in the policy process, and for accountability relations. Although the jury is still partly out on most topics, we see the contours of a more direct multilevel administration in which EU agencies not only constitute nodes within transnational agency networks, but in addition, in governance terms, relate more closely to the European Commission than to any other institution.
Identification of altered brain metabolites associated with TNAP activity in a mouse model of hypophosphatasia using untargeted NMR‐based metabolomics analysis
Authors: Cruz Thomas , Gleizes Marie , Balayssac Stéphane , Mornet Etienne , Marsal Grégory , Millán José Luis , Malet‐Martino Myriam , Nowak Lionel G , Gilard Véronique , Fonta Caroline
Published: January 2017

Tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key player of bone mineralization and TNAP gene (ALPL) mutations in human are responsible for hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare heritable disease affecting the mineralization of bones and teeth. Moreover, TNAP is also expressed by brain cells and the severe forms of HPP are associated with neurological disorders, including epilepsy and brain morphological anomalies. However, TNAP's role in the nervous system remains poorly understood. To investigate its neuronal functions, we aimed to identify without any a priori the metabolites regulated by TNAP in the nervous tissue. For this purpose we used 1H‐ and 31P NMR to analyze the brain metabolome of Alpl (Akp2) mice null for TNAP function, a well‐described model of infantile HPP. Among 39 metabolites identified in brain extracts of 1‐week‐old animals, eight displayed significantly different concentration in Akp2−/− compared to Akp2+/+ and Akp2+/− mice: cystathionine, adenosine, GABA, methionine, histidine, 3‐methylhistidine, N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), and N‐acetyl‐aspartyl‐glutamate, with cystathionine and adenosine levels displaying the strongest alteration. These metabolites identify several biochemical processes that directly or indirectly involve TNAP function, in particular through the regulation of ecto‐nucleotide levels and of pyridoxal phosphate‐dependent enzymes. Some of these metabolites are involved in neurotransmission (GABA, adenosine), in myelin synthesis (NAA, NAAG), and in the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway (cystathionine, methionine). Their disturbances may contribute to the neurodevelopmental and neurological phenotype of HPP.

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Chronic pain and impaired glial glutamate transporter function in lupus‐prone mice are ameliorated by blocking macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptors
Authors: Yan Xisheng , Maixner Dylan W. , Li Fen , Weng Han‐Rong
Published: January 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi‐organ disease of unknown etiology in which the normal immune responses are directed against the body's own healthy tissues. Patients with SLE often suffer from chronic pain. Currently, no animal studies have been reported about the mechanisms underlying pain in SLE. In this study, the development of chronic pain in MRL lupus‐prone (MRL/lpr) mice, a well‐established lupus mouse model, was characterized for the first time. We found that female MRL/lpr mice developed thermal hyperalgesia at the age of 13 weeks, and mechanical allodynia at the age of 16 weeks. MRL/lpr mice with chronic pain had activation of microglia and astrocytes, over‐expression of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), as well as suppression of glial glutamate transport function in the spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of either the CSF‐1 blocker or IL‐1 inhibitor attenuated thermal hyperalgesia in MRL/lpr mice. We provide evidence that the suppressed activity of glial glutamate transporters in the spinal dorsal horn in MRL/lpr mice is caused by activation of the CSF‐1 and IL‐1β signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that targeting the CSF‐1 and IL‐1β signaling pathways or the glial glutamate transporter in the spinal cord is an effective approach for the management of chronic pain caused by SLE.

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Influence of sunflower seed oil or baby lotion on the skin barrier function of newborns: A pilot study
Authors: Kanti Varvara , Günther Malise , Stroux Andrea , Sawatzky Sabine , Henrich Wolfgang , Abou‐Dakn Michael , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Garcia Bartels Natalie
Published: January 2017

Background

Skin care influences skin barrier function during the first postnatal weeks. Although the use of natural oils in preterms has been investigated, there are currently no data comparing the effect of sunflower oil to an emollient on barrier development in healthy term newborns.

Methods

In a prospective, randomized clinical study, 50 healthy full‐term newborns aged ≤72 h were randomly assigned to two groups: group baby lotion (L, n=22) and sunflower seed oil (SSO, n=24). The skin barrier function was evaluated in three anatomical areas (front, abdomen, and thigh) by noninvasive assessment of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), sebum, and skin pH at inclusion and after five weeks.

Results

In both groups, skin pH decreased and SCH increased statistically significantly in all measured areas at W5 compared to baseline. TEWL decreased statistically significantly on the forearm in both groups, on the upper leg in group L, and on the abdomen in group SSO.

Conclusions

Both skin care regimes did not harm skin barrier function adaptation in healthy term neonates during the first five weeks of life.
Life after a lung transplant: a balance of joy and challenges
Authors: Graarup Jytte , Mogensen Elin Lindberg , Missel Malene , Berg Selina Kikkenborg
Published: January 2017

Aim and objective

To describe patients’ experiences throughout the first four months post‐lung transplant.

Background

Health professionals are familiar with the fact that patients’ average survival after a lung transplant is about seven years and that 74% of these patients reject new organs within the first two years. By contrast, knowledge of these patients’ perspectives after lung transplantation is scant.

Design/Method

A qualitative study was conducted between May 2013–May 2014 in which 26 interviewees participated – four months post‐transplant – based on a semistructured interview guide. The data were inductively analysed using a content thematic approach within a phenomenological and hermeneutic frame.

Results

The main findings in the study reveal that (1) having a lung transplant is an overwhelming experience, which for some patients includes (2) troubling physical and psychological challenges. The interviewees were happy to get another chance to live, although some of them suffered from medical side effects, postoperative complications and psychological problems. When asked about the future, interviewees stated that life could be described as (3) a balance of joy and challenges. They had received a new chance in life and were eager to fulfil their life hopes and dreams. At the same time, they were worried about the future. Having a lung transplant implies rules that have to be followed. What are the healthy choices they are supposed to make? And will there be a tomorrow?

Conclusions

Having a lung transplant is described as an overwhelming experience because of the improvement in the physical function of the body. Patients were grateful to family, friends and healthcare professionals for supporting them. The first four months post‐transplantation were described as both physically and psychologically challenging. Interviewees were aware of the prognosis for patients following lung transplantation. They expressed feelings of worry and insecurity but still had hopes and dreams.

Relevance to clinical practice

The patients are troubled by both physical and psychological challenges after lung transplantation. Several areas call for interventions from healthcare professionals during the early post‐transplant period.
Sleep duration and obesity in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Li Lian , Zhang Shuang , Huang Yubei , Chen Kexin
Published: January 2017

Aim

Childhood obesity is a major public problem worldwide, and sleep duration may be associated with childhood obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies to estimate the associations between sleep duration and obesity/body mass index (BMI) in children.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. For the meta‐analysis, the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to reveal the association between short sleep duration and obesity. For the review, the outcomes focused on BMI change or subsequent BMI status.

Results

A total of 12 studies (15 populations) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with obesity (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14–1.85). After excluding two cohorts that substantially affected the heterogeneity, the pooled results remained significant (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20–1.42), and the association was not substantially altered in the subgroup analysis. In addition, we summarised 24 studies that met the criteria for our review of the relationship between sleeping and BMI.

Conclusion

The present meta‐analysis indicated that short sleep duration increased the risk of childhood obesity. Public health efforts that encourage children to have sufficient sleep time may be important in combating obesity.
Parental perceptions of clown care in paediatric intensive care units
Authors: Mortamet Guillaume , Merckx Audrey , Roumeliotis Nadia , Simonds Caroline , Renolleau Sylvain , Hubert Philippe
Published: January 2017

Aim

The objective of this study was to report family satisfaction with regards to the presence of clowns in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods

This is a single‐centre survey‐based study, conducted over 4 months in a 12‐bed third level PICU in a university hospital. All parents present at the bedside of their child during clowning were considered as potential participants. Eligible parents were approached by one of the two intensivists as investigators and asked to complete a survey within the 48 h following the clowns’ intervention.

Results

Thirty‐three parents consented to complete the survey. Median age of children was 14 months (15 days to 16 years) and median Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score was 1 (0–22). Twenty‐four (72.7%) were considered as clinically stable while the clowns intervened. Twenty‐eight parents (84.8%) and 27 (81.8%) considered that clowns had a positive effect on themselves and on their child, respectively. Clown care was considered as necessary in 19 cases (57.6%), optional in 13 (39.4%) and unnecessary in 1 (3.0%). The degree of parental satisfaction was not significantly associated with the child's clinical stability.

Conclusion

We suggested that medical clowning in the PICU is well accepted by parents, regardless of severity of their child's condition. This study supports the adoption of medical clowning in PICUs as a patient‐ and family‐centred care practice.
Allocation and Pricing of Substitutable Goods: Theory and Algorithm
Authors: Rui Huaxia , Liu De , Whinston Andrew
Published: January 2017

Motivated by the thriving market of online display advertising, we study a problem of allocating numerous types of goods among many agents who have concave valuations (capturing risk aversion) and heterogeneous substitution preferences across types of goods. The goal is both to provide a theory for optimal allocation of such goods, and to offer a scalable algorithm to compute the optimal allocation and the associated price vectors. Drawing on the economic concept of Pareto optimality, we develop an equilibrium pricing theory for heterogeneous substitutable goods that parallels the pricing theory for financial assets. We then develop a fast algorithm called SIMS (standardization‐and‐indicator‐matrix‐search). Extensive numerical simulations suggest that the SIMS algorithm is very scalable and is up to three magnitudes faster than well‐known alternative algorithms. Our theory and algorithm have important implications for the pricing and scheduling of online display advertisement and beyond.
Tractable Consideration Set Structures for Assortment Optimization and Network Revenue Management
Authors: Strauss Arne K. , Talluri Kalyan
Published: January 2017

Discrete‐choice models are widely used to model consumer purchase behavior in assortment optimization and revenue management. In many applications, each customer segment is associated with a consideration set that represents the set of products that customers in this segment consider for purchase. The firm has to make a decision on what assortment to offer at each point in time without the ability to identify the customer's segment. A linear program called the Choice‐based Deterministic Linear Program ( CDLP) has been proposed to determine these offer sets. Unfortunately, its size grows exponentially in the number of products and it is NP‐hard to solve when the consideration sets of the segments overlap. The Segment‐based Deterministic Concave Program with some additional consistency equalities ( SDCP+) is an approximation of CDLP that provides an upper bound on CDLP's optimal objective value. SDCP+ can be solved in a fraction of the time required to solve CDLP and often achieves the same optimal objective value. This raises the question under what conditions can one guarantee equivalence of CDLP and SDCP+. In this study, we obtain a structural result to this end, namely that if the segment consideration sets overlap with a certain tree structure or if they are fully nested, CDLP can be equivalently replaced with SDCP+. We give a number of examples from the literature where this tree structure arises naturally in modeling customer behavior.
Does the Presidency Moderate the President?
Authors: Edwards Barry
Published: January 2017

A claim so often made about the presidency that it approaches conventional wisdom is that the president sees, and therefore decides, issues differently than members of Congress do. This thesis emerged in the late 1700s in debates over ratification and has been consistently asserted by legal scholars, political scientists, and, most passionately, by U.S. presidents. I test this thesis by examining the legislative behavior of 23 men who have represented both a narrow constituency in Congress and the entire country as president. My results indicate that the presidency effectively moderated the legislative behavior of legislators who became president for roughly one and a half centuries; however, the modern presidency not only fails to moderate presidents, the presidency now appears to amplify the partisan bent of those who occupy the office.
What our eyes tell us about feelings: Tracking pupillary responses during emotion regulation processes
Authors: Kinner Valerie L. , Kuchinke Lars , Dierolf Angelika M. , Merz Christian J. , Otto Tobias , Wolf Oliver T.
Published: January 2017

Emotion regulation is essential for adaptive behavior and mental health. Strategies applied to alter emotions are known to differ in their impact on psychological and physiological aspects of the emotional response. However, emotion regulation outcome has primarily been assessed via self‐report, and studies comparing regulation strategies with regard to their peripheral physiological mechanisms are limited in number. In the present study, we therefore aimed to investigate the effects of different emotion regulation strategies on pupil dilation, skin conductance responses, and subjective emotional responses. Thirty healthy females were presented with negative and neutral pictures and asked to maintain or up‐ and downregulate their upcoming emotional responses through reappraisal or distraction. Pupil dilation and skin conductance responses were significantly enhanced when viewing negative relative to neutral pictures. For the pupil, this emotional arousal effect manifested specifically late during the pupillary response. In accordance with subjective ratings, increasing negative emotions through reappraisal led to the most prominent pupil size enlargements, whereas no consistent effect for downregulation was found. In contrast, early peak dilations were enhanced in all emotion regulation conditions independent of strategy. Skin conductance responses were not further modulated by emotion regulation. These results indicate that pupil diameter is modulated by emotional arousal, but is initially related to the extent of mental effort required to regulate automatic emotional responses. Our data thus provide first evidence that the pupillary response might comprise two distinct temporal components reflecting cognitive emotion regulation effort on the one hand and emotion regulation success on the other hand.
The impact of salience and visual working memory on the monitoring and control of saccadic behavior: An eye‐tracking and EEG study
Authors: Weaver Matthew D. , Hickey Clayton , van Zoest Wieske
Published: January 2017

In a concurrent eye‐tracking and EEG study, we investigated the impact of salience on the monitoring and control of eye movement behavior and the role of visual working memory (VWM) capacity in mediating this effect. Participants made eye movements to a unique line‐segment target embedded in a search display also containing a unique distractor. Target and distractor salience was manipulated by varying degree of orientation offset from a homogenous background. VWM capacity was measured using a change‐detection task. Results showed greater likelihood of incorrect saccades when the distractor was relatively more salient than when the target was salient. Misdirected saccades to salient distractors were strongly represented in the error‐monitoring system by rapid and robust error‐related negativity (ERN), which predicted a significant adjustment of oculomotor behavior. Misdirected saccades to less‐salient distractors, while arguably representing larger errors, were not as well detected or utilized by the error/performance‐monitoring system. This system was instead better engaged in tasks requiring greater cognitive control and by individuals with higher VWM capacity. Our findings show that relative salience of task‐relevant and task‐irrelevant stimuli can define situations where an increase in cognitive control is necessary, with individual differences in VWM capacity explaining significant variance in the degree of monitoring and control of goal‐directed eye movement behavior. The present study supports a conflict‐monitoring interpretation of the ERN, whereby the level of competition between different responses, and the stimuli that define these responses, was more important in the generation of an enhanced ERN than the error commission itself.
Nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in Warao Amerindians: significant relationship with stunting
Authors: Verhagen Lilly M. , Hermsen Meyke , Rivera‐Olivero Ismar A. , Sisco María Carolina , de Jonge Marien I. , Hermans Peter W. M. , de Waard Jacobus H.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens in geographically isolated Warao Amerindians in Venezuela.

Methods

In this point prevalence survey, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 1064 Warao Amerindians: 504 children aged 0–4 years, 227 children aged 5–10 years and 333 caregivers. Written questionnaires were completed to obtain information on demographics and environmental risk factors. Anthropometric measurements were performed in children aged 0–4 years.

Results

Carriage rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were 51%, 7%, 1% and 13%, respectively. Crowding index, method of cooking and tobacco exposure were not associated with increased carriage. In multivariable analysis, an increase in height‐for‐age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of S. pneumoniae colonisation (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70–0.83) in children aged 0–4 years.

Conclusions

Better knowledge of demographic and environmental risk factors facilitates better understanding of the dynamics of colonisation with respiratory bacteria in an Amerindian population. Poor chronic nutritional status was associated with increased pathogen carriage in children <5 years of age. The high rates of stunting generally observed in indigenous children may fuel the acquisition of respiratory bacteria that can lead to respiratory and invasive disease.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: January 2017

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from September 15, 2013, to April 30, 2014. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.   Ioannis Bournakis Ramona Orastean Steven V. Cates Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczynska Haitham Nobanee George Theocharides Shahram Fattahi Vilas Gaikar Jolita Vveinhardt Jin Yong Yang Eyup Dogan Ian McFarlane Marta Borda Y. SAIDI Blen Solomon
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: January 2017

Aleksandar Vasilev Ben Ukaegbu Farhat Iqbal Haitham Nobanee Ian McFarlane Jeo Lee Jin Yong Yang Jolita Vveinhardt Magdalena Zioło Marta Borda Oluchukwu Anowor Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczynska Ramil M. Perez Steven V. Cates Szabolcs Blazsek Uwuigbe Uwalomwa Uwuigbe Olubukunola Ranti Y. SAIDI Yao Zheng
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: January 2017

Applied Economics and Finance [AEF] would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from January 30, 2015, to July 31, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.     Eyup Dogan Farhat Iqbal Getamesay Bekele Ghazi Al-Assaf Haitham Nobanee Ian McFarlane Jin Yong Yang Magdalena Zioło Marta Borda Ramona Orastean Shahram Fattahi Steven V. Cates Szabolcs Blazsek Uwuigbe, Olubukunola Ranti Vilas Gaikar Vilas Gaikar Y. SAIDI Yao Zheng             Nikki Gibbs Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and Finance Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://aef.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: January 2017

Applied Economics and Finance [AEF] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 1 Aaron MoreyAndrey KudryavtsevArash RiasiAyoub Taha SidahmedByson Beracah MajangaEyup KadiogluFarhat IqbalGetamesay BekeleIan McFarlaneIgor MatyushenkoJin Yong YangJolita VveinhardtLuca GiordanoMagdalena RadulescuMagdalena ZiołoMarta BordaMevlut TatliyerMohammed Alkali YusufPatrycja Kowalczyk-RólczynskaPayal ChadhaProf. Ali MassoudRamona OrasteanSeyyed Ali Zeytoon Nejad MoosavianSteven V. CatesSzabolcs BlazsekTaro AbeY. Saidi      Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Evelyn Angelia
Published: January 2017

Applied Finance and Accounting [AFA] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AFA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 2, Number 2   Anastasia, Kopaneli Arash Riasi Ejaz Gul Florin Peci Gheorghe Morosan Ioan Bogdan Robu James Estes Juan Fernando Henao Duque Luo Yongli Marco Muscettola Mawih Kareem Al Ani, Meri Boshkoska Mohamed Jalloh Nicoleta Radneantu Noriaki Okamoto Odumeso-Jimoh M I John Peibiao Zhao Vineet Chouhan               Angelia Evelyn Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Applied Finance and Accounting Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA E-mail: afa@redfame.com URL: http://afa.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery
Published: January 2017

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from October 21, 2014, to February 28, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery
Published: January 2017

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from March 1, 2015, to August 31, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James
Published: January 2017

Anna Maria Mouza Aprinalistria Aprinalistria Begoña Montero-Fleta Christine Barrow Emanuel Boussios Gamal Ibraheem Ghadah AlMurshidi Jasmine Harvey Jianquan Cheng Kareen Tonsing Karim GASSEMI Ludmila Ribeiro Luigia Simona Sica Maja Gori Manzoor Khan Afridi Mariano D. Perelman Matthew Dabros Máximo Jaramillo Md. Twyeafur Rahman Mei-Se Chien Michael Brooks Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid MUTABAZI Placide Parveen Kaur Patricia Wiener Paulito Valeriano Hilario Raymond Chan Robert Costello Roberto Franzini Tibaldeo Yaghoob Foroutan Zitha Mokomane
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James
Published: January 2017

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 11     Abdul Azim Akhtar Anastasia Panagakos António Calha E.Ozan AKSÖZ Julia M. Mack K.O. Aramide Katja Eman Małgorzata Haładewicz Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola Priyono Rachita Shrivastava Roy Rasa Poceviciene Raymond Chan Sandro Serpa Zafer İBRAHİMOĞLU                   James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from April 2, 2013, to September 15, 2013. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.Jayaluxmi Naidoo Leann M Stadtlander Hoi-yung Leung Sawsen Lakhal Veronica Rosa Charlotte Alverson Amy MacDonald Michael Baron Marcie Zaharee John Cowan Clara Vasconcelos Marieke van der Schaaf Steven V. Mancuso Virginia Clinton Mu-hsuan Chou Jeyavel Sundaramoorthy Ryan Daniel Hassan Shaaban Zoi Nikiforidou Francisca Serrano Mehmet Inan R.-L. Etienne Barnett Christos Giannoulis Ardi Marwan Semiyu Adejare Aderibigbe Richard Penny Julie Ernst Greg Conderman Leila Ricci Joanne Lymn
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from October 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from July 1, 2015, to October 31, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Ardi MarwanBaraka M. Ngussa Betsy Diegel Cassandra Smith Charlotte Alverson Davy Seligin Ebrahim Mohammadpour Ebrahim Rahimi Enisa Mede Greg Rickwood Hassan Shaaban Hoi-yung Leung Jayaluxmi Naidoo Jeyavel Sundaramoorthy John Cowan Leann Stadtlander Leonor Thomson Lisa Marie Portugal Marcie Zaharee Michael Baron Min Gui Mu-hsuan Chou Mustafa Çakır R.-L. Etienne Barnett Richard Beresford Richard H. Martin Richard Penny Sahar Younes Othman Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi Rokni Seyyedeh Mina Hamedi Vasiliki Brinia Veronica Rosa Wang Kin Chiu         Robert Smith Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://jets.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 12 Anne M. Hornak Baraka M. Ngussa Cagla Atmaca Carmen PérezSabater Cynthia M. Compton Damodar Khanal Elena Jerves Intakhab Khan Jill M. Feldman Leila Youssef Lorna T. Enerva Marcie Zaharee Meral Şeker Min Gui Mustafa Çakır Niveen M. Zayed Richard H. Martin Sahar Younes Othman Samad Mirza Suzani Seyyedeh Mina Hamedi Suzan Kavanoz Wang Kin Chiu Yalçın Dilekli Yerlan Seisenbekov Yi Lu Zanele Ndlovu               Robert Smith Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://jets.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2017

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 4 Ardi Marwan Chris Prince Udochukwu Njoku Damodar Khanal David A. Compton Enisa Mede Erickzon Astorga Hoi-yung Leung Jayaluxmi Naidoo John Cowan Laima Kyburiene Lisa Marie Portugal Lorna Enerva Mahmoud Radwan Marieke van der Schaaf Min Gui Mu-hsuan Chou Mustafa Çakır Puneet S. Gill Richard Beresford Richard H. Martin Richard Penny Sahar Younes Othman Sandra Kaplan Seyyedeh Mina Hamedi Torok Marianna Wang Kin Chiu Yerlan Seisenbekov     Robert Smith Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://jets.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Walter Andrew
Published: January 2017

Studies in Engineering and Technology (SET) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether SET publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 1 Ahmet Can Altunişik Alexander Russell Arnaud Duchosal Girish Upreti Hassan Shaaban Hossam Zaqoot Isaac Atuahene KaiLong Hsiao Lei Kang Loc Nguyen Marco A Ruano S. Haddout Saminda Dharmarathna Wael Salah Wolday Abrha Yao Liu Yi Zheng           Andrew Walter Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Studies in Engineering and Technology Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://set.redfame.com
A Realizable Version of the k-w Turbulence Model
Authors: Goldberg Uriel
Published: January 2017

This paper describes improvements in predictive quality to the original Wilcox k-ω turbulence model. A major disadvantage in the near-wall formulation of this model is usage of the large eddy inverse time-scale, ω ~ ε/k, even though small, dissipative eddies popular the immediate vicinity of walls. The present work suggests a correction to this problemthrough a realizable constraint introduced by the Kolmogorov time-scale. A second realizability constraint, the Schwarz condition, limits eddy viscosity magnitude in flow zones involving large normal strain gradients. Several examples demonstrate the improvements enabled due to these corrections, particularly in transonic and impinging flows where significant normal strain gradients occur.