bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle small-bowel segment Lewis score may predict long-term outcomes among patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease
Authors: Ukashi Offir , Yablecovitch Doron , Lahat Adi , Selinger Limor , Neuman Sandra , Eliakim Rami , Ben-Horin Shomron , Kopylov Uri
Published: July 2023

Background:

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) has been proven to accurately diagnose small-bowel inflammation and predict flares among patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease (CD). However, data regarding its predictive role in this population over an extended follow-up are scarce.

Objectives:

To predict clinical exacerbation and to assess the yield of Lewis score in identifying CD patients with future clinical exacerbation during an extended follow-up (>24 months).

Design:

A post hoc analysis study.

Methods:

Adult patients with quiescent small-bowel CD who were followed with VCE, inflammatory biomarkers and magnetic resonance enterography in a prospective study (between 2013 and 2018). We extracted extended clinical data (up to April 2022). The primary composite outcome (i.e. clinical exacerbation) was defined as intestinal surgery, endoscopic dilation, CD-related admission, corticosteroid administration, or biological/immunomodulator treatment change during follow-up.

Results:

Of the 61 patients in the study [median age 29 (24–37) years, male 57.4%, biologic treatment 46.7%], 18 patients met the primary outcome during an extended follow-up [median 58.0 (34.5–93.0) months]. On univariable analysis, complicated [hazard ratio (HR) 7.348, p = 0.002] and stricturing disease phenotype (HR 5.305, p = 0.001) were associated with higher risk for clinical exacerbation during follow-up. A baseline VCE middle small-bowel segment Lewis score (midLS) ⩾ 135 identified patients with future exacerbation [AUC (area under the curve) 0.767, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.633–0.902, p = 0.001, HR 6.317, 93% negative predictive value], whereas the AUC of the conventional Lewis score was 0.734 (95% CI: 0.589–0.879, p = 0.004). Sensitivity analysis restricted to patients with either complicated ( n = 34) or stricturing ( n = 26) disease phenotype revealed that midLS still predicted clinical exacerbation during follow-up (AUC 0.747/0.753, respectively), in these patients.

Conclusion:

MidLS predicts treatment failure in quiescent CD patients (median follow-up of 5 years) independently of disease phenotype.
A nomogram based on clinical factors to predict calendar year readmission in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Xiang Ying , Yuan Ying , Liu Jinyan , Xu Xinwen , Wang Zhenyu , Hassan Shahzeb , Wu Yue , Sun Qi , Shen Yonghua , Wang Lei , Yang Hua , Sun Jing , Xu Guifang , Huang Qin
Published: July 2023

Background:

Readmission shortly after discharge is indicative of an increased disease severity for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and ineffectiveness to medical therapy, which may contribute to a dismal prognosis.

Objectives:

This study aimed to explore prognostic variables with a nomogram to predict unplanned UC-related readmission within 1 year after discharge.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Electronic medical records of all UC patients treated at our center between 1 January 2014 and 31 June 2021 were reviewed. A comprehensive analysis of various characteristics, such as demographics, comorbidities, medical history, follow-up appointments, admission endoscopy, histopathologic features, etc., was used to determine the primary end point, which was unplanned UC-related calendar year readmission.

Results:

We found that the unplanned UC-related readmission rate within 1 year was 20.8%. In multivariable cox analysis, the predictors of the Elixhauser comorbidity index [Hazard ratio (HR): 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93–6.37], regular follow-up (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16–0.53), any history of corticosteroid use (HR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.83–6.27), seral level of C-reactive protein (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02), and the UC endoscopic index of severity (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.57) independently predicted calendar year readmission after discharge. The established nomogram had a consistently high accuracy in predicting calendar year readmission in the training cohort, with a concordance index of 0.784, 0.825, and 0.837 at 13, 26, and 52 weeks, respectively, which was validated in both the internal and external validation cohorts. Therefore, UC patients were divided into clinically low-, high-, and extremely high-risk groups for readmission, based on the calculated score of 272.5 and 378.

Conclusion:

The established nomogram showed good discrimination and calibration powers in predicting calendar year readmission in high-risk UC patients, who may need intensive treatment and regular outpatient visits.
Bridging the commercial determinants of Indigenous health and the legacies of colonization: A critical analysis
Authors: Eisenkraft Klein Daniel , Shawanda Amy
Published: July 2023

To date, there has been scarce effort to consider the intertwining of colonization and the commercial determinants of Indigenous health. This is a vital omission, and one that this paper proposes to address. We propose how four losses of tradition borne out of colonialism are intertwined with four respective commercial determinants of Indigenous health: 1) loss of traditional diets and the ultra-processed food industry; 2) loss of traditional ceremony and the tobacco industry; 3) loss of traditional knowledge and the infant formula industry; and 4) loss of traditional support networks and the alcohol industry. Building on Indigenous efforts to decolonize spaces and assert control over their own lives, we argue that analyzing the mechanisms through which industry activities intersect with colonial legacies will improve broader understandings of Indigenous health disparities.
Chemical-Enantiomeric Characterization and In-Vitro Biological Evaluation of the Essential Oils from Elsholtzia strobilifera (Benth.) Benth. and E. blanda (Benth.) Benth. from Nepal
Authors: Paudel Prem Narayan , Satyal Prabodh , Setzer William N. , Awale Suresh , Watanabe Shiro , Maneenet Juthamart , Satyal Rakesh , Acharya Ajaya , Phuyal Milan , Gyawali Rajendra
Published: July 2023

Background: Essential oils (EOs) are one of the most important groups of plant secondary metabolites responsible for their various biological activities. They also have wide applications as natural ingredients in many fields like the food, cosmetic, and medicine industries. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution, and in-vitro biological activities of Elsholtzia strobilifera (Benth.) Benth. and E. blanda (Benth.) Benth. essential oils of Lamiaceae from Nepal. Methods: Essential oils obtained from hydro-distillation were analyzed by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) for their chemical constituents and the enantiomeric distribution of chiral terpenoids were determined by chiral GC–MS. Microbroth dilution was used to investigate the in-vitro antimicrobial activity, while cytotoxic activities were determined by cell viability using a Cell Counting Kit assay. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Results: A total of 55 compounds were identified in E. strobilifera with pinocarvone (40.7%), β-pinene (10%) and cis-pinocamphone (7.9%) as predominant constituents. While, 41 compounds were identified in the E. blanda EOs, including dihydrotagetone (49.1%), ( Z)-tagetone (15.6%) and ( E)-tagetone (8%) as major components; both essential oils were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenoids. The chiral separation and analyses of 12, E. strobilifera and 7, E. blanda essential oil components were performed, respectively, where (–)-β-caryophyllene and (–)-germacrene D were detected as enantiomerically pure in both oils. Elsholtzia EOs exhibited strong antifungal activity with MIC value of 156.3 µg/mL against Aspergillus niger, whereas, E. strobilifera EO against Staphylococcus epidermidis and E. blanda EO against Staphylococcus aureus showed inhibitory effects with MIC values of 156.3 µg/mL. E. strobilifera EO showed very active in-vitro cytotoxicity against the NIH-3T3 cell line with IC50 of 20.2 µg/mL, whereas E. blanda EO displayed effective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 of 33.1 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of E. strobilifera EO was relatively good with IC50 of 188.8 ± 0.7 µg/mL in DPPH and EC50 value of 348.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL in FRAP, as compared to that of E. blanda EO. Conclusion: Elsholtzia EOs showed prominent biological activities emphasizing their importance as natural ingredients.
Complete molar pregnancy with coexisting normal twin complicated by hyperthyroidism that resulted in normal alive delivery: A case report from Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
Authors: Yayna Amanuel Admasu , Ayza Adane , Dana Wokil Wolde , Yemaneh Amdetsiyon , Worana Bereket , Tesfaye Ashebir , Desalegn Abinet , Kassaye Getu , Adamu Ermias , Leka Yohannes Abraham , Tadesse Mulugeta , Gure Tadesse
Published: July 2023

It is a rare condition in twin pregnancies for a fetus to coexist with a complete hydatidiform mole, present with complications, and result in a healthy neonate. Only a few cases have been reported upon review of the literature. Early diagnosis is essential because this type of pregnancy is associated with serious complications and management challenges. The complications associated with these pregnancies include antepartum hemorrhage, hyperthyroidism, preeclampsia, prematurity, fetal death, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Here, we describe a case of dizygotic twin pregnancy in which a complete mole coexists with a normal fetus, complicated by hyperthyroidism, that resulted in the birth of a 1700-g female alive neonate who is euthyroid to a 25-year-old primigravida at a gestational age of 33 weeks by emergency cesarean section for an indication of a twin pregnancy molar coexisting with an alive fetus in labor. The mother had been on conservative management and treated as an inpatient for hyperthyroidism. In our country, there have been three case reports of partial moles with coexisting alive fetuses, but this is the first case report of a complete mole with a coexisting alive fetus.
Bilateral localized bullous pemphigoid in a young adult patient: A case report
Authors: Nourmohammadpour Pedram , Akhdar Marwa , Ghanadan Alireza , Peymanfar Amir Abbas , Saberi Fatemeh , Keshavarz-Fathi Mahsa
Published: July 2023

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease, which typically presents in the elderly. Localized bullous pemphigoid is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid, with only about 100 cases reported up to date. In this report, we describe a 32-year-old healthy male patient with bilateral hemorrhagic bullae and erosive lesions limited to the lower extremities. A biopsy for hematoxylin and eosin stain and direct immunofluorescence established the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. The blistering responded well to oral and topical steroids. The exact etiology of this rare variant of bullous pemphigoid remains unknown, leading to ongoing debates and numerous suggested hypotheses.
CYBER-AIDD: A novel approach to implementing improved cyber security resilience for large Australian healthcare providers using a Unified Modelling Language ontology
Authors: Dart Martin , Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper proposes a novel cyber security risk governance framework and ontology for large Australian healthcare providers, using the structure and simplicity of the Unified Modelling Language (UML). This framework is intended to mitigate impacts from the risk areas of: (1) cyber-attacks, (2) incidents, (3) data breaches, and (4) data disclosures.

Methods

Using a mixed-methods approach comprised of empirical evidence discovery and phenomenological review, existing literature is sourced to confirm baseline ontological definitions. These are supplemented with Australian government reports, professional standards publications and legislation covering cyber security, data breach reporting and healthcare governance. Historical examples of healthcare cyber security incidents are reviewed, and a cyber risk governance UML presented to manage the defined problem areas via a single, simplified ontological diagram.

Results

A clear definition of ‘cyber security’ is generated, along with the ‘CYBER-AIDD’ risk model. Specific examples of cyber security incidents impacting Australian healthcare are confirmed as N = 929 over 5 years, with human factors the largest contributor. The CYBER-AIDD UML model presents a workflow across four defined classes, providing a clear approach to implementing the controls required to mitigate risks against verified threats.

Conclusions

The governance of cyber security in healthcare is complex, in part due to a lack of clarity around key terms and risks, and this is contributing to consistently poor operational outcomes. A focus on the most essential avenues of risk, using a simple UML model, is beneficial in describing these risks and designing governance controls around them.
The effect of digitalization on service orientation and service perception among Israeli healthcare professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Naamati-Schneider Lior
Published: July 2023

Objective

Healthcare systems globally are adapting to rapid changes, including digitalization, to thrive. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of adapting to rapid changes, including embracing digitalization on the services provided by healthcare organizations, by mapping the healthcare professionals’ perceptions and characterizing their experiences, as well as examining the difficulties and barriers they face in transforming their organization.

Methods

This qualitative study, based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 38 healthcare professionals, examines the impact of embracing digitalization in service and clinical care and their perception of service. Interviews were analyzed using a categorial deductive and inductive approach across three levels.

Results

Eight main themes arose from the analysis: The need for change, The importance of change, Communication, Training, Competitive leverage, Challenges and barriers and Implications for patient–therapist relationship. The themes and subthemes were examined through the three levels of organizational change—the system, the organization, and the personal level. The results of the study indicate limited embrace of change within the systemic and organizational levels and inconsistencies across the three levels. The study also highlights the barriers and difficulties that stand in the way of these processes of change and development.

Conclusions

To ensure successful implementation, these processes require systemic planning, including budgeting for personnel training, organizational adjustments, and technological equipment. Additionally, addressing personal-level considerations such as relevant training and setting boundaries for caregivers is crucial to prevent burnout. Effective planning and management of these changes will facilitate optimal assimilation and enhance system efficiency.
Five Common Cancers in Iran in 2019: Secondary Analysis to Discovering Cluster of Cancers
Authors: Taheri Soodejani Moslem
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

This study reports the prevalence of the 5 most common cancers and their geographical distribution based on the last update of cancer statistics in Iran (2019).

Materials and methods:

The data used in this study were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies. It was prepared regarding sex in different provinces. Moran’s I test was used to check geographical correlation and identify hot spots and cold spots. A significance level of 5% was considered in all tests.

Results:

The most prevalent cancers among Iranian women reported Breast (312 per 100 000; 95% UI: 281-345), Thyroid (43 per 100 000; 95% UI: 26-51), Colon and Rectum (43 per 100 000; 95% UI: 39-47), Leukemia (33 per 100 000; 95% UI: 21 -41), and Uterine (29 per 100 000; 95% UI: 14-35) respectively; further, the most prevalent cancers among Iranian men reported Prostate (219 per 100 000; 95% UI: 158-258), Colon and Rectum (80; 72-88), Bladder (65 per 100 000; 95% UI: 58-71), Leukemia (40 per 100 000; 95% UI: 20-51), and Testicular (33 per 100 000; 95% UI: 20-48) respectively.

Conclusion:

exclusive of any type of skin cancer, Breast, prostate, colon and rectum, bladder, thyroid, testicular, uterine, and leukemia are most prevalent cancers in Iranian population.
Do Millennials’ Motives for Using Snapchat Influence the Effectiveness of Snap Ads?
Authors: Ben Amor Nour El Houda , Mzoughi Mohamed Nabil
Published: July 2023

While the social media app Snapchat has increasingly attracted the attention of millennials around the world, there is limited empirical research dealing with Snapchat marketing. For businesses, it is imperative to know how effective Snap Ads are at reaching millennials. Based on the uses and gratifications theory (UGT), this study aims to fill this research gap by identifying millennials’ motives for using Snapchat and analyzing how they affect their attitudes toward Snap Ads and the subsequent behavioral intentions. Some 265 Saudi, Snapchat-using students aged between 18 and 35 completed an online survey. Our data analysis employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as structural equation modeling. The results indicate that respondents seek four forms of gratification from using Snapchat, namely information seeking, self-expression, entertainment, and social interaction. Of these, only information seeking and entertainment were found to have significant positive influences on attitudes toward Snap Ads, intentions to share then, and purchasing intentions. This research contributes to the theory by proving that the UGT is suitable for gaining knowledge about consumer behavior on social media in general, as well as by proposing a framework for studying the persuasive effectiveness of Snap Ads in particular. From a practical perspective, this study offers guidelines on how customized Snap Ads can be conceived for millennials, so they will not irritate them.
Linguistic and metalinguistic characteristics of Persian-speaking children with autistic spectrum disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Ahadi Hourieh , Abbasi Helia , Fekar Gharamaleki Fatemeh
Published: July 2023

Studies of ASD children have mainly focused on pragmatics, but research showed they have problems in other language dimensions. The present systematic review aims to analyze the literature related to linguistic and metalinguistic studies to determine linguistic characteristics and their correlation with reading and writing. After reviewing 43 articles founded, the studies were divided into four main categories: descriptive, comparative, linguistic, and finally nonlinguistic interventional studies. 42% of studies are descriptive, 14% were comparative, and 5% were about the effect of linguistic and metalinguistic training on reading and writing. Studies on the effect of other training on linguistic and metalinguistic skills were about 39% of the studies. They have deficiencies in different linguistic and metalinguistic skills, especially grammar. There were no studies investigating the relationship between linguistic and metalinguistic abilities. The relationship between language and reading skills has been neglected and only one study has examined the correlation between phonological awareness and reading skills. Thus, there is a serious gap in metalinguistic studies. However, it is necessary to study these relationships due to the change in the reading education system from a phonological to a lexical path in schools. The effect of nonlinguistic interventions has been studied more than linguistic ones.
Statistical Fragility of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating Rehabilitation After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Sequeira Sean B. , Wright Melissa A. , Murthi Anand M.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Clinical decision-making often relies on evidence-based medicine, derived from objective data with conventional and rigorous statistical tests to evaluate significance. The literature surrounding rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair (RCR) is conflicting, with no defined standard of practice.

Purpose:

To determine the fragility index (FI) and the fragility quotient (FQ) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating rehabilitation protocols after RCR.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for RCTs evaluating rehabilitation protocols after arthroscopic RCRs from 2000 to June 1, 2022. The FI was determined by manipulating the dichotomous outcome events from each article until a reversal of significance with 2 × 2 contingency tables was achieved. The FQ was determined by dividing the FI by the sample size.

Results:

Fourteen RCTs with 48 dichotomous outcomes were ultimately included for analysis. The mean FI for the included dichotomous outcomes was 4 (interquartile range, 3-6), suggesting that the reversal of 4 events is required to change study significance. The mean FQ was 0.048. Of the RCTs that reported data regarding loss to follow-up, most studies (58.5%) indicated that >4 patients had been lost to follow-up.

Conclusion:

The results of RCT studies of RCR rehabilitation protocols are moderately fragile, something clinicians should be aware of when implementing study results into practice. We recommend the inclusion of FI and FQ in addition to standard P values when reporting statistical results in future RCTs with dichotomous outcome variables on this topic.
Effect of Retear After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair on Return to Work and Sports in Nonathletes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Hyojune , Hur Seok , Jeon In-Ho , Koh Kyoung Hwan
Published: July 2023

Background:

The impact of retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) on clinical outcomes of patients remains controversial.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of retear on strength recovery, return to previous levels of work, and return to sports participation. It was hypothesized that retears (1) would not have a significant effect on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and (2) would significantly inhibit strength recovery and return to previous work and sports.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors collected data from patients who underwent ARCR between January 2015 and December 2019. All included patients had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and strength measurements 1 year postoperatively. Minimum 2-year postoperative PROMs (Constant score, pain visual analog scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation) and status on work and sports participation were collected, and PROM scores, strength recovery (percentage compared with the contralateral shoulder), return to work, and return to sports were compared between patients with versus without retear on 1-year postoperative MRI. Additionally, factors related to return to work and sports were identified through multivariable regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 159 patients were included, of whom 19 (11.9%) had evidence of retear. Return-to-work and return-to-sports status was evaluated in 134 (84.3%) and 93 (58.5%) patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in PROM scores between patients with and without retears; however, patients with retears exhibited significantly worse supraspinatus strength recovery (73% vs 86%; P = .018) and external rotation strength recovery (78% vs 88%; P = .030) compared with patients with intact shoulders. There were no between-group differences in return to work or sports. Active workload was associated with unsuccessful return to work, whereas preoperative participation in shoulder sports was associated with successful return to work.

Conclusion:

Patients with postoperative retears had significantly worse postoperative strength recovery than patients with intact shoulders. Active workload and preoperative shoulder sports participation were factors associated with ability to return to work.
Risky Business: Factors That Increase Risk of Falls Among Older Adult In-Patients
Authors: Hodgson Gracie , Pace Alex , Carfagnini Quinten , Ayanso Anteneh , Gardner Pauli , Narushima Miya , Ismail Zeau , Faught Brent E.
Published: July 2023

In hospitals, older patients are at increased risk of falling multiple times. This study incorporated an epidemiologic cross-sectional design consisting of 4,348 older patients (≥65-year-old). Eight hundred eighty five (20.4%) in-patients experienced multiple falls while remaining participants had one fall incident. A patient fall event was recorded with age, sex, incident date, type of fall, and location. Logistic regression assessed risk factors found in patients with multiple falls compared to those with one fall. Significant differences were observed in the proportion of multiple falls: in a bed with no rails, standing, walking, and using a wheel/Geri chair ( p < .05). Overall, sex, type of fall, and location were significant in predicting multiple falls ( p < .05). Male patients were at 16.1% greater risk of multiple falls, when compared to females ( p < .05). A fall in complex care, mental health, or respirology were more likely to experience multiple falls ( OR = 2.659, 3.620, 1.593 respectively), while season had no impact.
Skeletal Muscle and Fat Mass Reflect Chronic Pain in Older Adult
Authors: Sakai Yoshihito , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Wakao Norimitsu , Matsui Hiroki , Osada Naoaki , Kaneko Reina , Watanabe Ken
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The prevalence of chronic pain increases with age. It has been reported that chronic pain is associated with sarcopenia and obesity. Age-related skeletal muscle loss and fat gain are known to occur due to chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze how skeletal muscle and fat, caused by chronic inflammation due to aging, regulate the development of geriatric chronic pain. Methods: The results of skeletal muscle and fat mass, 412 participants aged ≥65 years with non-specific chronic pain lasting ≥6 months, including low back, neck, and knee pain, was compared with the control without chronic pain. Body composition threshold regulating chronic pain was calculated. Results: A significantly lower skeletal muscle mass index and higher body fat percentage were observed in patients with chronic pain than that in the control. The muscle fat ratio (MFR) was significantly lower in the chronic pain group than in the control group. When the MFR threshold related to chronic pain was calculated by sex, it was 2.984 for men and 1.867 for women. Conclusions: Evaluation of the body composition of elderly patients with non-specific chronic pain revealed that the MFR was useful as an index related to chronic pain.
The Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis in Bangkok, Thailand: A Descriptive and Questionnaire Survey of 5 to 15 Year-Old School Students
Authors: Sirimongkolchaiyakul Ornatcha , Sutheparank Chanon , Amornchaicharoensuk Yupaporn
Published: July 2023

Objectives. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common problem among school-aged children. Nonetheless, further information on NE prevalence in Thailand is needed. The prevalence of NE and factors associated with it were investigated. Methods. A descriptive study was conducted in schools in Bangkok, Thailand, among children aged 5 to 15 years, using a questionnaire survey between November 2018 and July 2019. Results. The prevalence of primary monosymptomatic, primary nonmonosymptomatic, and secondary NEs was 9.7%, 11.6%, and 8.2%, respectively. Primary NE was associated with a family history of NE (OR = 4.05, P < .001), drinking within 2 hours before bedtime (OR = 1.77, P = .01), and deep sleep (OR = 1.62, P = .001). Conclusion. Primary NE was prevalent in this setting, and the most related factor was a family history of NE. Parents should be aware of NE in their children, especially if a child has a linked factor.
Relationships Between Erectile Dysfunction, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Young Japanese Men: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saito Junichi , Kumano Hiroaki , Ghazizadeh Mohammad , Shimokawa Chigusa , Tanemura Hideki
Published: July 2023

Background:

It is generally assumed that erectile dysfunction (ED) under the age of 40 is primarily driven by psychosocial factors.

Aims

This cross-sectional study evaluated ED, depression, anxiety, and quality of life among young Japanese men.

Materials and Methods:

We used an online survey to gather data from a wide range of community samples. ED was assessed by the IIEF-5 questionnaire, while depression, anxiety, and quality of life were assessed by the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and LISAT-8 questionnaires, respectively. Categorical data were evaluated by chi-square test and numerical data were estimated by one-way ANOVA. Post-hoc tests were conducted using the Holm method, which was used to control for type I errors. Cohen’s d index was calculated as effect sizes.

Results:

Valid responses from 329 individuals (age 33.93 ± 6.41 years) were obtained. According to IIEF-5 scores, the distribution of various severities of ED was as follows: non-ED, 37.39%; mild ED, 18.24%; mild to moderate ED, 27.36%; and moderate and severe ED, 17.02%. There were no significant differences in depression and anxiety between non-ED and ED men. In contrast, there were significant differences in quality of life between non-ED and ED men ( P < .01).

Conclusions:

We conclude that psychosocial factors may also be the cause of ED in young Japanese men besides depression and anxiety, and ED may reduce quality of life in various aspects. It is necessary to develop a Japanese version scale to measure ED-related psychosocial factors.
The adaptation and fidelity tool to support social service practitioners in balancing fidelity and adaptations: Longitudinal, mixed-method evaluation study
Authors: Hasson Henna , Hedberg Rundgren Emma , Strehlenert Helena , Gärdegård Anna , Uvhagen Håkan , Klinga Charlotte , Hedberg Rundgren Åsa , von Thiele Schwarz Ulrica
Published: July 2023

Background

Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) seldom fit seamlessly into a setting and are often adapted. The literature identifies practitioners’ management of fidelity and adaptations as problematic but offers little guidance. This study aimed to investigate practitioners’ perceptions of the feasibility and usability of an intervention aimed to support them in fidelity and adaptation management when working with EBIs.

Methods

The intervention, the adaptation and fidelity tool (A-FiT), was developed based on the literature, along with input from social service practitioners and social services’ Research and Development units’ personnel. The intervention consisted of two workshops where the participants were guided through a five-step process to manage fidelity and adaptations. It was tested in a longitudinal mixed-method intervention study with 103 practitioners from 19 social service units in Stockholm, Sweden. A multimethod data collection was employed, which included interviews at follow-up, questionnaires at baseline and follow-up (readiness for change and self-rated knowledge), workshop evaluation questionnaires (usability and feasibility) after each workshop, and documentation (participants’ notes on worksheets). To analyze the data, qualitative content analysis, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were performed.

Results

Overall, the practitioners had a positive perception of the intervention and perceived it as relevant for fidelity and adaptation management (mean ratings over 7.0 on usability and feasibility). The workshops also provided new knowledge and skills to manage fidelity and adaptations. Furthermore, the intervention provided insights into the practitioners’ understanding about adaptation and fidelity through a more reflective approach.

Conclusion

Practical tools are needed to guide professionals not only to adhere to intervention core elements but also to help them to manage fidelity and adaptation. The proposed A-FiT intervention for practitioners’ management of both fidelity and adaptation is a novel contribution to the implementation literature. Potentially, the next step is an evaluation of the intervention's impact in an experimental design.
Assessing smoking-related behaviours using massive online search query data
Authors: Zhou Ting , Chen Long , Zhang Zhaoxi , Liu Zhengying , Long Ying
Published: July 2023

Online search queries have been used in various behaviour studies. As smoking has become a global health issue, studies that assess smoking-related behaviours using online search queries have faced limitations in data utilization and study design. This study conducts comparative analyses to investigate changes in smoking-related behaviours represented by online search volumes. Baidu search queries from 2013 to 2017 were used to examine the search volume containing four groups of smoking-related search keywords. A validation process was used to validate the proposed method by comparing changes in search queries with the observed tobacco consumption. The results show changes in smoking-related behaviours assessed by online search queries at the city level in China. The validation experiments illustrate the consistency between changes in search volumes and tobacco consumption. Thus, online search queries were verified to be an effective instrument for assessing smoking-related behaviours, and this study sheds light on broader behaviour studies and policy assessments.
New to the watercooler: Differential effects of relationship building for female versus male newcomers
Authors: Houston Lawrence , Klotz Anthony
Published: July 2023

We empirically test the social capital model of organizational socialization (SCM) and refine it by examining the influence of gender on its tenets. Research indicates that when new employees socialize with coworkers, they gain relational benefits that contribute to improved newcomer adjustment and onboarding outcomes. Although this work has deepened our understanding of the nature and consequences of newcomer socializing, it has tended to view these positive outcomes as equally accessible to all newcomers. This oversight is meaningful given that men and women do not always earn equal social credit for engaging in social behaviors such as relationship building at work (e.g., socializing with coworkers). Integrating SCM and social role theory, we hypothesize a model predicting that newcomer gender will influence whether relationship-building behaviors during socialization lead to coworker social support, with subsequent implications for newcomer adjustment (i.e., role clarity, task mastery, and social integration). We test this model in a time-lagged study of 183 new employees. Our findings generally support the predictions made by SCM and social role theory, indicating that relationship building positively relates to coworker support and subsequent newcomer adjustment for men but not for women. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Identifying an optimal fludarabine exposure for improved outcomes after axi-cel therapy for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Scordo Michael , Flynn Jessica R. , Gonen Mithat , Devlin Sean M. , Parascondola Allison , Tomas Ana Alarcon , Shouval Roni , Brower Jamie , Porter David L. , Schuster Stephen J. , Bachanova Veronika , Maakaron Joseph , Maziarz Richard T. , Chen Andy I. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , McGuirk Joseph P. , Oluwole Olalekan O. , Ip Andrew , Leslie Lori A. , Bishop Michael R. , Riedell Peter A. , Perales Miguel-Angel
Published: July 2023

Fludarabine is one of the most common agents given for lymphodepletion before CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells, but its optimal therapeutic intensity is unknown. Using data from a multicenter consortium, we estimated fludarabine exposure (area under the curve [AUC]) using a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model in 199 adult patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas who received commercial axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel). We evaluated the association of estimated fludarabine AUC with key outcomes, aiming to find an AUC that optimized efficacy and tolerability. We identified low (<18 mg × hour/L [mgh/L]), optimal (18-20 mgh/L), and high (>20 mgh/L) AUC groups for analyses; the 6-month cumulative incidences of relapse/progression of disease (relapse/POD) by AUC groups were 54% (45%-62%), 28% (15%-44%), and 30% (14%-47%), respectively; and the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 39% (31%-48%), 66% (52%-84%), and 46% (30%-70%) and the overall survival (OS) rates were 58% (50%-67%), 77% (64%-92%), and 66% (50%-87%), respectively. In multivariable analyses compared with low AUC, an optimal AUC was associated with the highest PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 0.3-0.91; P = .02) and lowest risk of relapse/POD (HR, 0.46; 0.25-0.84; P = .01) without an increased risk of any-grade cytokine release syndrome (HR, 1.1; 0.7-1.6; P = .8) or and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) (HR, 1.36; 0.83-2.3; P = .2). A high AUC was associated with the greatest risk of any-grade ICANS (HR, 1.9; 1.1-3.2; P = .02). Although the main cause of death in all groups was relapse/POD, nonrelapse-related deaths, including 3 deaths from ICANS, were more frequent in the high AUC group. These findings suggest that PK–directed fludarabine dosing to achieve an optimal AUC may result in improved outcomes for patients receiving axi-cel.
deepGBLUP: joint deep learning networks and GBLUP framework for accurate genomic prediction of complex traits in Korean native cattle
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jun , Lee Jun Heon , Gondro Cedric , Koh Yeong Jun , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: July 2023

Background

Genomic prediction has become widespread as a valuable tool to estimate genetic merit in animal and plant breeding. Here we develop a novel genomic prediction algorithm, called deepGBLUP, which integrates deep learning networks and a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) framework. The deep learning networks assign marker effects using locally-connected layers and subsequently use them to estimate an initial genomic value through fully-connected layers. The GBLUP framework estimates three genomic values (additive, dominance, and epistasis) by leveraging respective genetic relationship matrices. Finally, deepGBLUP predicts a final genomic value by summing all the estimated genomic values.

Results

We compared the proposed deepGBLUP with the conventional GBLUP and Bayesian methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed deepGBLUP yields state-of-the-art performance on Korean native cattle data across diverse traits, marker densities, and training sizes. In addition, they show that the proposed deepGBLUP can outperform the previous methods on simulated data across various heritabilities and quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects.

Conclusions

We introduced a novel genomic prediction algorithm, deepGBLUP, which successfully integrates deep learning networks and GBLUP framework. Through comprehensive evaluations on the Korean native cattle data and simulated data, deepGBLUP consistently achieved superior performance across various traits, marker densities, training sizes, heritabilities, and QTL effects. Therefore, deepGBLUP is an efficient method to estimate an accurate genomic value. The source code and manual for deepGBLUP are available athttps://github.com/gywns6287/deepGBLUP.
A rare case of severe leptospirosis infection presenting as septic shock in a non-endemic area: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dai Junjie , Yao Can , Ling Huaxiang , Li Binbin , Chen Rongchang , Shi Fei
Published: July 2023

Background

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochete “genus” leptospira. The clinical presentations of leptospirosis range from an influenza-like presentation of fever and myalgia, to severe forms. Leptospirosis can potentially lead to a misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis when clinical similarities exist.

Case presentation

A 63-year-old man presented with fever, shock and thrombocytopenia followed by diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. Peripheral blood Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing (mNGS) reported Leptospira interrogans. The patient was treated with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) plus doxycycline and improved dramatically after 7 days.

Conclusion

We conclude that leptospirosis can potentially lead to a misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis. Correctly evaluation of thrombocytopenia in acute febrile illnesses facilitates the differential diagnosis of leptospirosis. mNGS can accurately detect Leptospira DNA during the early stage of the infection.
Macular edema after siponimod treatment for multiple sclerosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Qingsheng , Jing Li-Jun , Li Yanfei , Jia Yanjie
Published: July 2023

Background

As a modulator of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, siponimod is administered as a therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis. A previous phase 3 study first reported siponimod-associated macular edema. Since that report, there were only few relevant reports in clinical settings. Here, we report a case of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis developed macular edema after siponimod treatment. We also review the progress of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, elaborate on accepted mechanisms in treating multiple sclerosis, and discuss the causation of siponimod-associated macular edema.

Case presentation

A 38-year-old Chinese female patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, who had recurrent numbness of the limbs and right leg fatigue, developed mild macular edema following 4 months of siponimod treatment. The macular edema resolved after discontinuing the medication, and did not recur after resuming siponimod.

Conclusion

Although siponimod-associated macular edema may be rare, mild, transitory, and manageable, it cannot be ignored and requires ongoing vigilance.
The co-creation, initial piloting, and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a coach-led positive body image intervention for girls in sport
Authors: Matheson E. L. , Schneider J. , Tinoco A. , Gentili C. , Silva-Breen H. , LaVoi N. M. , White P. , Diedrichs P. C.
Published: July 2023

Background

Globally, girls disengage from sports at an earlier age and higher rate than boys. This is, in part, due to the unique body image challenges that girls face, relative to their male peers. Existing intervention efforts that aim to reduce girls’ negative body image and movement experiences have proven marginally effective, if not ineffective. This paper outlines the co-creation, initial piloting and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of Body Confident Athletes (BCA); an in-person, coach-led intervention that aims to foster positive body image and sports enjoyment among girls.

Methods

Following co-creation and an initial pilot, a two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial will assess the immediate (post-intervention) and short-term (1-month and 3-month follow-up) impact of BCA on girls’ (N = 1,036; 11–17 years old) body image, sports enjoyment, and affect. Sport organisations will be randomly allocated (1:1) into either an intervention or waitlist control condition. Girls and coaches in the intervention condition will complete three 60-minute sessions over three consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be the immediate change in girls’ body esteem, with secondary outcomes assessing the immediate and short-term changes in girls’ body appreciation, self-objectification, attuned self-care, sports enjoyment, and affect.

Discussion

This research is the first to utilise an international multi-stakeholder partnership to co-create and evaluate an intervention that addresses the intersection of girls’ body image and sport experiences. The theoretical and methodological considerations of this research have led to a feasible intervention and trial protocol, and if proven effective, BCA may assist in reducing the global gender disparity in sports participation.

Trial registration number

NCT05594524, registered 25th October 2022.
Burden of early-onset colorectal cancer along with attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a comparative study between China and other G20 countries
Authors: Li Quanhui , Yu Miao , Lv Haiguang , Zhang Le , Deng Yang , Yu Hualong
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The credible data about the burden of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in China when compared to other countries in the group of twenty (G20) remained unavailable. We aimed to assess the burden and trends of EOCRC and attributable risk factors in China. Meanwhile, the comparison in the burden and attributable risk factors between China and other G20 countries was also evaluated.

Methods

Data on the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors of EOCRC in China were obtained from Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 and compared with other G20countries. Temporal trends of age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs were evaluated by estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to forecast the incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of EOCRC in China from 2020 to 2029.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of EOCRC in China increased with the EAPCs of 4.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.45–4.77] and 5.82 (95% CI: 5.60–6.05). When compared to G20 countries, China was ranked 13th in the ASIR in 1990 and then increased to 2nd in 2019, second only to Japan. The ASPRs increased in all G20 countries, being highest in Saudi Arabia, followed by China and Mexico. Moreover, China had the highest age-standardized mortality rate and highest age-standardized DALY rate in 2019. In China, the five leading risk factors, for both sexes, were diet low in milk [18.54% (95% UI: 12.71–24.07)], diet low in calcium [15.06% (95% UI: 10.70–20.03)], alcohol use [12.16% (95% UI: 8.87–15.64)], smoking [9.08% (95% UI: 3.39–14.11)], and diet high in red meat [9.08% (95% UI: 3.39–14.11)] in 2019. Over the next 10 years, ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized DALY rate of EOCRC will increase continuously in males and females.

Conclusion

The burden of EOCRC in China and other G20 countries is worrisome, indicating that coordinated efforts are needed to conduct high-quality researches, allocate medical resources, adjust screening guidelines, and develop effective treatment and prevention strategies in the G20 countries.