bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuber Yield Formation and Sugar Composition of Yacon Genotypes Grown in Central Europe
Authors: Kamp Larissa , Hartung Jens , Mast Benjamin , Graeff-Hönninger Simone
Published: June 2019

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root crop native to the Andean region. The eatable tubers contain up to 70% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on a dry matter (DM) basis. These FOS are not digestible by the human intestinal tract and do not cause an increase of blood glucose level. Therefore, the consumption of yacon tubers offers health promoting benefits. With regard to cultivation, little to no information about yield potential and FOS content as well as sugar composition of diverse genotypes is known. However, this information is crucial for the development of new health beneficial food products out of different genotypes of yacon. In the present study nine different genotypes were studied in a field experiment in 2017 and 2018 regarding their tuber yield formation, sugar yield, and sugar composition. The genotypes red-shelled (‘RG’), brown-shelled (‘BG’), and ‘Morado’ reached the highest tuber yields of 46.6, 43.5, and 41.6 t ha−1 FM, respectively. These three genotypes also had the highest sugar yields in the same order (2.2, 2.0, and 1.9 t ha−1). Considering the sugar composition and sugar content, these three genotypes were outstanding, with a sugar content up to 66% of DM (‘RG’, 2018). With regards to the development of possible food products, cv. ‘Peru’ can be considered as favorable for the fresh market due to high amounts of both monosaccharides and FOS. Genotypes ‘BG’, ‘RG’, and ‘Morado’ seem to offer various options for the food processing industry, due to their high amounts of FOS.
Genetic Diversity of Field Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) Reveals Untapped Variability and Paths Toward Selection for Domestication
Authors: Frels Katherine , Chopra Ratan , Dorn Kevin M. , Wyse Donald L. , Marks M. David , Anderson James A.
Published: June 2019

Evaluation of genetic diversity within wild populations is an essential process for improvement and domestication of new crop species. This process involves evaluation of population structure and individual accessions based on genetic markers, growth habits, and geographic collection area. In this study, accessions of field pennycress were analyzed to identify population structure and variation in germplasm available for breeding. A total of 9157 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified among the 121 accessions analyzed, and linkage disequilibrium based pruning resulted in 3497 SNPs. Bayesian cluster analysis was implemented in STRUCTURE v2.3.4 to identify four population groups. These groups were confirmed based on principal components analysis and geographic origins. Pairwise diversity among accessions was evaluated and revealed considerable genetic variation. Notably, a subset of accessions from Armenia with exceptional genetic variation was identified. This survey is the first to report significant genetic diversity among pennycress accessions and explain some of the phenotypic differences previously observed in the germplasm. Understanding variation in pennycress accessions will be a crucial step for selection, breeding, and domestication of a new cash cover crop for cold climates.
Special Issue on Sciences in Heat Pump and Refrigeration
Authors: Miyazaki Takahiko
Published: June 2019

The history of heat pump and refrigeration is very long, and ever since mankind acquired mechanical refrigeration more than a century ago, heat pump and refrigeration technologies have made remarkable progress [...]
Early Successional Forest Management on Private Lands as a Coupled Human and Natural System
Authors: Lutter Seth H. , Dayer Ashley A. , Rodewald Amanda D. , McNeil Darin J. , Larkin Jeffery L.
Published: June 2019

Facilitating voluntary conservation on private lands is a crucial element of policies that seek to mitigate forest habitat loss and fragmentation around the world. Previous research emphasizes the role of social factors (e.g., landowner characteristics, economics) in forest management, but environmental outcomes of past management can also affect landowner decisions. Our objective was to evaluate how positive outcomes for wildlife and habitat might reinforce or amplify landowner efforts to manage forest habitats. We applied the lens of coupled human and natural systems to investigate private lands management for early successional forests, which are declining along with associated wildlife in rural areas of the eastern U.S. Efforts to restore early successional forest in this region involve active forest management to create patches of successional forest in native, mature mixed hardwood stands. By integrating field-based monitoring of wildlife with surveys of landowner perceptions, we examined how landowners observed, interpreted, and responded to property-scale ecological outcomes of forest management. We recorded presence of Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) and American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) and estimated bird species richness in spring 2015 and/or 2016 on private properties located in the Appalachians (Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) and Upper Great Lakes (Minnesota, Wisconsin). These properties were enrolled in early successional forest management programs administered through the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bird surveys were paired with landowner responses to a telephone survey conducted from January to May 2017 (n = 102). Most (71.6–81.6%) landowners’ perceptions of avian presence on their properties matched monitoring results. These perceptions were informed by personal observations and by outreach from agency partners and field technicians. Landowners who already completed their conservation program contracts (n = 85) continued managing early successional forests. Continued management for early successional habitat was positively associated with perceived benefits to birds, forest health, and scenery. Our findings give insight into how private landowners respond to environmental effects of forest management. We conclude that positive environmental outcomes of these conservation programs are related to continued early successional forest conservation by private landowners.
Chlorhexidine Gel Use in the Oral District: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fiorillo Luca
Published: June 2019

Chlorhexidine compounds and their different formulations have been investigated several times, especially in the dentistry field. Chlorhexidine application for mouth rinsing immediately underwent oral contraindications, linked to the possibility of causing pigmentation to the teeth or relating to possible cytotoxic events after oral surgery. The positive effects, however, are considerable and its topical antiseptic action has been widely demonstrated by in vitro and clinical research. That’s the reason for its large application in different fields of dentistry. The aim of this study is to collect all the literature regarding the use of chlorhexidine gel in dentistry and all the numerous applications. The initial search on search engines obtained 232 results; then, following the application of the inclusion criteria there were 24 selected articles. The chlorhexidine gel appliance in the dental daily practice is direct to oral surgery, conservative endodontics, prevention and prophylaxis. The use of chlorhexidine has shown some positive effects, also in the case of systemic diseases prevention. Surely, this topical medicine used both professionally and prescribed for home use, can be considered a great help for the prevention of several oral pathologies with systemic implications too.
Which Parenting Style Encourages Healthy Lifestyles in Teenage Children? Proposal for a Model of Integrative Parenting Styles
Authors: Alonso-Stuyck Paloma
Published: June 2019

Given that we live in an environment in constant change—a liquid society, according to Bauman—we propose a versatile parenting style with the capacity to adapt to the variations of socio-temporal evolution. This is achieved by basing parenting guidelines on the permanent, executive, cognitive, and affective components of a person. Although the first reviews of parenting styles emphasized the Authoritative style, the emerging tendency in some geographical areas has been to prioritize the Indulgent style. Extracting the common factor of these two styles, the suggestion is to improve the affective aspect of the relationship characterized by warm and close parent–child interactions. It is important to respect the style of each family in order to support it in its educational task while offering guidelines to help consolidate healthy adolescent lifestyles. In this line, we present successful experiments that have helped families in this decisive task by highlighting the efficacy of promoting systemic educational plans that involve the whole society.
An Effective Approach for the Multiobjective Regional Low-Carbon Location-Routing Problem
Authors: Leng Longlong , Zhao Yanwei , Zhang Jingling , Zhang Chunmiao
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we consider a variant of the location-routing problem (LRP), namely the the multiobjective regional low-carbon LRP (MORLCLRP). The MORLCLRP seeks to minimize service duration, client waiting time, and total costs, which includes carbon emission costs and total depot, vehicle, and travelling costs with respect to fuel consumption, and considers three practical constraints: simultaneous pickup and delivery, heterogeneous fleet, and hard time windows. We formulated a multiobjective mixed integer programming formulations for the problem under study. Due to the complexity of the proposed problem, a general framework, named the multiobjective hyper-heuristic approach (MOHH), was applied for obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions. Aiming at improving the performance of the proposed approach, four selection strategies and three acceptance criteria were developed as the high-level heuristic (HLH), and three multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) were designed as the low-level heuristics (LLHs). The performance of the proposed approach was tested for a set of different instances and comparative analyses were also conducted against eight domain-tailored MOEAs. The results showed that the proposed algorithm produced a high-quality Pareto set for most instances. Additionally, extensive analyses were also carried out to empirically assess the effects of domain-specific parameters (i.e., fleet composition, client and depot distribution, and zones area) on key performance indicators (i.e., hypervolume, inverted generated distance, and ratio of nondominated individuals). Several management insights are provided by analyzing the Pareto solutions.
Functional Ca2+ Channels between Channel Clusters are Necessary for the Propagation of IP3R-Mediated Ca2+ Waves
Authors: Piegari Estefanía , Ponce Dawson Silvina
Published: June 2019

The specificity and universality of intracellular Ca 2 + signals rely on the variety of spatio-temporal patterns that the Ca 2 + concentration can display. Ca 2 + release into the cytosol through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3 Rs) is key for this variety. The opening probability of IP 3 Rs depends on the cytosolic Ca 2 + concentration. All of the dynamics are then well described by an excitable system in which the signal propagation depends on the ability of the Ca 2 + released through one IP 3 R to induce the opening of other IP 3 Rs. In most cell types, IP 3 Rs are organized in clusters, i.e., the cytosol is a “patchy” excitable system in which the signals can remain localized (i.e., involving the release through one or more IP 3 Rs in a cluster), or become global depending on the efficiency of the Ca 2 + -mediated coupling between clusters. The spatial range over which the signals propagate determines the responses that the cell eventually produces. This points to the importance of understanding the mechanisms that make the propagation possible. Our previous qualitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations seemed to indicate that Ca 2 + release not only occurs within the close vicinity of the clearly identifiable release sites (IP 3 R clusters) but that there are also functional IP 3 Rs in between them. In this paper, we present a quantitative comparison between experiments and models that corroborate this preliminary conclusion. This result has implications on how the Ca 2 + -mediated coupling between clusters works and how it can eventually be disrupted by the different Ca 2 + trapping mechanisms.
Cerebral Vitamin B5 (D-Pantothenic Acid) Deficiency as a Potential Cause of Metabolic Perturbation and Neurodegeneration in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Patassini Stefano , Begley Paul , Xu Jingshu , Church Stephanie , Kureishy Nina , Reid Suzanne , Waldvogel Henry , Faull Richard , Snell Russell , Unwin Richard , Cooper Garth
Published: June 2019

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HTT gene. HD usually manifests in mid-life with loss of GABAergic projection neurons from the striatum accompanied by progressive atrophy of the putamen followed by other brain regions, but linkages between the genetics and neurodegeneration are not understood. We measured metabolic perturbations in HD-human brain in a case-control study, identifying pervasive lowering of vitamin B5, the obligatory precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) that is essential for normal intermediary metabolism. Cerebral pantothenate deficiency is a newly-identified metabolic defect in human HD that could potentially: (i) impair neuronal CoA biosynthesis; (ii) stimulate polyol-pathway activity; (iii) impair glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity; and (iv) modify brain-urea metabolism. Pantothenate deficiency could lead to neurodegeneration/dementia in HD that might be preventable by treatment with vitamin B5.
Plasma-Induced Bubble Microjet Metallization of Elastomer
Authors: Ichikawa Keita , Basaki Natsumi , Yamashita Yu , Yamanishi Yoko
Published: June 2019

As the development of flexible materials and advanced materials progresses, innovative wiring methods for these materials are attracting attention. In this study, we investigated a new wiring technology using plasma-induced microbubbles for elastomer without any surface treatment. Our technology includes three main points. (1) Unlike electroless plating and other conventional methods, it does not require complicated pre-surface treatment processes before wiring. (2) A wiring resolution of 500 micro meter can be reached quickly and economically. (3) Robust metallic adhesion on a wide range of materials can be successfully carried out with precise positioning. Here, by applying our method, we adhered nickel nanoparticles to a latex rubber substrate and demonstrated the electrical conductivity of the created line. The result suggests that our method has potential as an innovative wiring technology to precisely, robustly, and simply fabricate an electric circuit without any complicated procedures or pre-treatment. Our method can contribute to microfabrication technologies.
A Practical and Total Synthesis of Pasireotide: Synthesis of Cyclic Hexapeptide via a Three-Component Condensation
Authors: Ma Chunying , Chen Miao , Chu Weiming , Tao Jiayi , Kong Delong , Zhang Mengmeng , Feng Wenhua
Published: June 2019

Pasireotide is a multi-receptor ligand somatostatin analogue approved for medical treatment of Cushing’s disease and acromegaly. The liquid-phase total synthesis of pasireotide-a 18-membered cyclic hexapeptide-was achieved by the 3 + 2 + 1 strategy, and the Pro1-Phe6 peptide bond was selected as the final cyclization position. Two key fragments were simply synthesized using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide/N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BSA/NHS) as coupling agents, and processes of the two key fragments were simple without any chromatographic purification. The current synthesis method is easily scalable and produces the target peptide with an overall yield of 15%.
The PPARγ Agonist Rosiglitazone Suppresses Syngeneic Mouse SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma) Tumor Growth through an Immune-Mediated Mechanism
Authors: Konger Raymond L. , Derr-Yellin Ethel , Ermatov Nurmukambed , Ren Lu , Sahu Ravi P.
Published: June 2019

Recent evidence suggests that PPARγ agonists may promote anti-tumor immunity. We show that immunogenic PDV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tumors are rejected when injected intradermally at a low cell number (1 × 106) into immune competent syngeneic hosts, but not immune deficient mice. At higher cell numbers (5 × 106 PDV cells), progressively growing tumors were established in 14 of 15 vehicle treated mice while treatment of mice with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone resulted in increased tumor rejection (5 of 14 tumors), a significant decrease in PDV tumor size, and a significant decrease in tumor cell Ki67 labeling. Rosiglitazone treatment had no effect on tumor rejection, tumor volume or PDV tumor cell proliferation in immune deficient NOD.CB17-PrkdcSCID/J mice. Rosiglitazone treatment also promoted an increase in tumor infiltrating CD3+ T-cells at both early and late time points. In contrast, rosiglitazone treatment had no significant effect on myeloid cells expressing either CD11b or Gr-1 but suppressed a late accumulation of myeloid cells expressing both CD11b and Gr-1, suggesting a potential role for CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells in the late anti-tumor immune response. Overall, our data provides evidence that the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone promotes immune-mediated anti-neoplastic activity against tumors derived from this immunogenic CSCC cell line.
Microbiological Evaluation of 5 L- and 20 L-Transparent Polypropylene Buckets for Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS)
Authors: Polo-López M. Inmaculada , Martínez-García Azahara , Abeledo-Lameiro Maria Jesus , H. Gómez-Couso Hipolito , E. Ares-Mazás Elvira , Reboredo-Fernández Aurora , Morse Tracy D. , Buck Lyndon , Lungu Kingsley , McGuigan Kevin G. , Fernández-Ibáñez Pilar
Published: June 2019

Background: Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is an appropriate technology for household treatment of drinking water in low-to-middle-income communities, as it is effective, low cost and easy to use. Nevertheless, uptake is low due partially to the burden of using small volume polyethylene terephthalate bottles (1.5–2 L). A major challenge is to develop a low-cost transparent container for disinfecting larger volumes of water. (2) Methods: This study examines the capability of transparent polypropylene (PP) buckets of 5 L- and 20 L- volume as SODIS containers using three waterborne pathogen indicators: Escherichia coli, MS2-phage and Cryptosporidium parvum. (3) Results: Similar inactivation kinetics were observed under natural sunlight for the inactivation of all three organisms in well water using 5 L- and 20 L-buckets compared to 1.5 L-polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) bottles. The PP materials were exposed to natural and accelerated solar ageing (ISO-16474). UV transmission of the 20 L-buckets remained stable and with physical integrity even after the longest ageing periods (9 months or 900 h of natural or artificial solar UV exposure, respectively). The 5 L-buckets were physically degraded and lost significant UV-transmission, due to the thinner wall compared to the 20 L-bucket. (4) Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the 20 L SODIS bucket technology produces excellent bacterial, viral and protozoan inactivation and is obtained using a simple transparent polypropylene bucket fabricated locally at very low cost ($2.90 USD per unit). The increased bucket volume of 20 L allows for a ten-fold increase in treatment batch volume and can thus more easily provide for the drinking water requirements of most households. The use of buckets in households across low to middle income countries is an already accepted practice.
Biomass-Derived Production of Itaconic Acid as a Building Block in Specialty Polymers
Authors: Teleky Bernadette-Emőke , Vodnar Dan
Published: June 2019

Biomass, the only source of renewable organic carbon on Earth, offers an efficient substrate for bio-based organic acid production as an alternative to the leading petrochemical industry based on non-renewable resources. Itaconic acid (IA) is one of the most important organic acids that can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass. IA, a 5-C dicarboxylic acid, is a promising platform chemical with extensive applications; therefore, it is included in the top 12 building block chemicals by the US Department of Energy. Biotechnologically, IA production can take place through fermentation with fungi like Aspergillus terreus and Ustilago maydis strains or with metabolically engineered bacteria like Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bio-based IA represents a feasible substitute for petrochemically produced acrylic acid, paints, varnishes, biodegradable polymers, and other different organic compounds. IA and its derivatives, due to their trifunctional structure, support the synthesis of a wide range of innovative polymers through crosslinking, with applications in special hydrogels for water decontamination, targeted drug delivery (especially in cancer treatment), smart nanohydrogels in food applications, coatings, and elastomers. The present review summarizes the latest research regarding major IA production pathways, metabolic engineering procedures, and the synthesis and applications of novel polymeric materials.
The Integration of Photodiode and Camera for Visible Light Positioning by Using Fixed-Lag Ensemble Kalman Smoother
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Wang Qin , Li You , Gao Zhouzheng , Zhou Bingpeng , Qi Longning , Yang Jun , Chen Ruizhi , El-Sheimy Naser
Published: June 2019

Visible Light Positioning (VLP) has become one of the most popular positioning and navigation systems in this decade. Filter-based VLP systems can provide real-time solutions but have limited accuracy. On the contrary, fixed-interval smoothers can help VLP achieve higher accuracy but require post-processing. In this article, a trade-off solution, Fixed-Lag Ensemble Kalman Smoother (FLEnKS), is proposed for VLP to achieve a semi-real-time and accurate positioning solution. The forward part of the FLEnKS is based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), which uses stochastic sampling with ensemble members and enables a better reflection of the features of nonlinear systems. The backward filter in the FLEnKS compensates for the estimation error from the forward filter using the linearization based on error states and further reduces the estimation error. Furthermore, multiple data from both photodiode (PD) and camera are fused in the proposed FLEnKS for VLP, which further improves the accuracy of conventional VLP with a single data source. Preliminary field test results show that the proposed FLEnKS provides a semi-real-time positioning solution with the average 3D positioning accuracy of 15.63 cm in dynamic tests.
Hyperspectral Imaging Retrieval Using MODIS Satellite Sensors Applied to Volcanic Ash Clouds Monitoring
Authors: Arias Luis , Cifuentes Jose , Marín Milton , Castillo Fernando , Garcés Hugo
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we present a method for hyperspectral retrieval using multispectral satellite images. The method consists of the use of training spectral data with a compressive capability. By using principal component analysis (PCA), a proper number of basis vectors are extracted. These vectors are properly combined and weighted by the sensors’ responses from visible MODIS channels, achieving as a result the retrieval of hyperspectral images. Once MODIS channels are used for hyperspectral retrieval, the training spectra are projected over the recovered data, and the ground-based process used for training can be reliably detected. To probe the method, we use only four visible images from MODIS for large-scale ash clouds’ monitoring from volcanic eruptions. A high-spectral resolution data of reflectances from ash was measured in the laboratory. Using PCA, we select four basis vectors, which combined with MODIS sensors responses, allows estimating hyperspectral images. By comparing both the estimated hyperspectral images and the training spectra, it is feasible to identify the presence of ash clouds at a pixel-by-pixel level, even in the presence of water clouds. Finally, by using a radiometric model applied over hyperspectral retrieved data, the relative concentration of the volcanic ash in the cloud is obtained. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the classical method based on temperature differences (using infrared MODIS channels), and the results show an excellent match, outperforming the infrared-based approach. This proposal opens new avenues to increase the potential of multispectral remote systems, which can be even extended to other applications and spectral bands for remote sensing. The results show that the method could play an essential role by providing more accurate information of volcanic ash spatial dispersion, enabling one to prevent several hazards related to volcanic ash where volcanoes’ monitoring is not feasible.
Twenty Years of ASTER Contributions to Lithologic Mapping and Mineral Exploration
Authors: Abrams Michael , Yamaguchi Yasushi
Published: June 2019

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer is one of five instruments operating on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra platform. Launched in 1999, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has been acquiring optical data for 20 years. ASTER is a joint project between Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; and U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Numerous reports of geologic mapping and mineral exploration applications of ASTER data attest to the unique capabilities of the instrument. Until 2000, Landsat was the instrument of choice to provide surface composition information. Its scanners had two broadband short wave infrared (SWIR) bands and a single thermal infrared band. A single SWIR band amalgamated all diagnostic absorption features in the 2–2.5 micron wavelength region into a single band, providing no information on mineral composition. Clays, carbonates, and sulfates could only be detected as a single group. The single thermal infrared (TIR) band provided no information on silicate composition (felsic vs. mafic igneous rocks; quartz content of sedimentary rocks). Since 2000, all of these mineralogical distinctions, and more, could be accomplished due to ASTER’s unique, high spatial resolution multispectral bands: six in the SWIR and five in the TIR. The data have sufficient information to provide good results using the simplest techniques, like band ratios, or more sophisticated analyses, like machine learning. A robust archive of images facilitated use of the data for global exploration and mapping.
Capacitive Bio-Inspired Flow Sensing Cupula
Authors: Wissman James P. , Sampath Kaushik , Freeman Simon E. , Rohde Charles A.
Published: June 2019

Submersible robotics have improved in efficiency and versatility by incorporating features found in aquatic life, ranging from thunniform kinematics to shark skin textures. To fully realize these benefits, sensor systems must be incorporated to aid in object detection and navigation through complex flows. Again, inspiration can be taken from biology, drawing on the lateral line sensor systems and neuromast structures found on fish. To maintain a truly soft-bodied robot, a man-made flow sensor must be developed that is entirely complaint, introducing no rigidity to the artificial “skin.” We present a capacitive cupula inspired by superficial neuromasts. Fabricated via lost wax methods and vacuum injection, our 5 mm tall device exhibits a sensitivity of 0.5 pF/mm (capacitance versus tip deflection) and consists of room temperature liquid metal plates embedded in a soft silicone body. In contrast to existing capacitive examples, our sensor incorporates the transducers into the cupula itself rather than at its base. We present a kinematic theory and energy-based approach to approximate capacitance versus flow, resulting in equations that are verified with a combination of experiments and COMSOL simulations.
Contextually-Based Social Attention Diverges across Covert and Overt Measures
Authors: Pereira Effie J. , Birmingham Elina , Ristic Jelena
Published: June 2019

Humans spontaneously attend to social cues like faces and eyes. However, recent data show that this behavior is significantly weakened when visual content, such as luminance and configuration of internal features, as well as visual context, such as background and facial expression, are controlled. Here, we investigated attentional biasing elicited in response to information presented within appropriate background contexts. Using a dot-probe task, participants were presented with a face–house cue pair, with a person sitting in a room and a house positioned within a picture hanging on a wall. A response target occurred at the previous location of the eyes, mouth, top of the house, or bottom of the house. Experiment 1 measured covert attention by assessing manual responses while participants maintained central fixation. Experiment 2 measured overt attention by assessing eye movements using an eye tracker. The data from both experiments indicated no evidence of spontaneous attentional biasing towards faces or facial features in manual responses; however, an infrequent, though reliable, overt bias towards the eyes of faces emerged. Together, these findings suggest that contextually-based social information does not determine spontaneous social attentional biasing in manual measures, although it may act to facilitate oculomotor behavior.
Distribution and Trophic Pattern of Non-Native Fish Species Across the Liao River Basin in China
Authors: Zhao Kangshun , Li Chao , Wang Tao , Hu Bowen , Zhang Min , Xu Jun
Published: June 2019

Controlling the invasion of non-native fish species necessitates a complete understanding of the distribution of these species and the key factors that influence such distribution. In order to research the situation of non-native fish and the relevant influencing factors in the Liao River Basin, we investigated and analyzed the characteristics of the distribution and the trophic levels of non-native fish species, as well their response to different types of factors in the basin. Nine non-native fish species were found during the investigation, and the trophic levels of these species ranged between 2.00 and 3.84. The results of generalized linear models indicate that the distribution of non-native fish species in the basin is mainly related to anthropogenic activities, socioeconomic development, and climate. The southeastern part of the Liao River Basin is conducive to the distribution of non-native fish species. Furthermore, on a spatial scale, we also found that the mean trophic level of non-native fish species was not correlated with anthropogenic activities and socioeconomic development in the Liao River Basin. By providing evidence for the links between non-native fishes and different types of factors, our study contributes to increasing the relevant references for and experiences in the early detection and management of non-native fishes on a basin scale.
Mercosur en tiempos de cambio: implicaciones para la negociación con la Unión Europea
Authors: Rozemberg Ricardo , Gayá Romina
Published: June 2019

Desde su creación, Mercosur ha asistido a recurrentes períodos de estancamiento y relanzamiento. Sin embargo, a diferencia de ciclos anteriores, se ha gestado un consenso dentro del bloque acerca de la necesidad de repensar el esquema de integración de cara al futuro. El debate actual enfrenta un cuestionamiento simultáneo en sus tres aspectos centrales: el alcance y nivel del arancel externo común, las dificultades para concretar negociaciones externas y la persistencia de obstáculos a la libre circulación intrazona. Surgen cuatro caminos posibles que puede seguir Mercosur ante esta encrucijada: el mantenimiento del statu quo, la ruptura del bloque, su flexibilización parcial o total (para transformarse en una zona de libre comercio) o su consolidación y profundización para alcanzar finalmente la unión aduanera. En este escenario de replanteamientos internos, la negociación entre Mercosur y la Unión Europea se inclina por la formación de una zona de libre comercio birregional. Tras 19 años de discusiones, el debate está en la etapa de decisión al más alto nivel político pero, de no concretarse a corto plazo, el escenario que defina Mercosur para su dinámica y ordenamiento interno tendrá obvias implicaciones sobre la negociación con la Unión Europea.
Releitura do pensamento arqueológico no Brasil a partir da obra de Tibiriçá (1935)
Authors: Danilo Alexandre Galhardo Danilo Alexandre Galhardo Danilo Alexandre Galhardo
Published: June 2019

A Arqueologia brasileira “pré-científica” e científica sofreu forte influência de paradigmas estrangeiros, paradigmas estes que, muitas vezes, ajudaram a respaldar posturas preconceituosas e ideias degeneracionistas com relação às sociedades indígenas. A revisão de obra proposta tem o objetivo de demonstrar como a adoção, sem uma reflexão apurada, de alguns paradigmas nas explicações arqueológicas foram responsáveis pela consolidação do discurso colonialista interno.
Rolezinho no shopping:
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Barbosa
Published: June 2019

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Sobre gerações e trajetórias:
Authors: Puccinelli Bruno , Silva Filho Milton Ribeiro da , Reis Ramon Pereira dos , Soliva Thiago Barcelos
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo busca traçar uma linha temporal das “gerações” de pesquisadoras/es em gênero e sexualidades que contribuíram para os primeiros estudos, a institucionalização e a ampliação teórica e temática atual. Diante da impossibilidade de abarcar toda a produção nacional, visamos detalhar as três primeiras gerações, da década de 1950 até a década de 1990, tendo em vista suas contribuições seminais para a área, e apontar os avanços das duas gerações seguintes, que completam os primeiros catorze anos da década de 2000. Como toda história é parcial, elegemos como base argumentativa a disciplina Antropologia e suas conexões com o campo brasileiro de estudos em gênero e sexualidades, que é reforçado pela promissora relação com a etnografia.
VIII Semana de Ciências Sociais da UNIFESP:
Authors: José Filho Fernando
Published: June 2019

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العلامة محمد أبو زهرة ومنهجه في التفسير
Authors: Shams Shahabaddin Amirzadeh
Published: June 2019

قمت
في هذا البحث بدراسة حياة الشيخ محمد أبي زهرة (1898م – 1974م) من ولادته إلى
وفاته وذكْر أهم مؤلفاته في العلوم المختلفة، ثم قمت بدراسة كتابه "زهرة
التفاسير" ومنهجه في تفسيره وانتهيت إلى أنه كتب تفسيره بمنهج معاصر، يلائم
مع العصر، واستفاد لشرح الآيات من علوم اللغة العربية والأحاديث النبوية وعلوم
القرآن والفقه والعقيدة، وإن له شخصية مستقلة في كتابة تفسيره، ولم يكن مجرد ناقل
الأقوال ولا مقلد آراء الآخرين؛ومن مميزات تفسيره هو أنهكتب في بداية كل سورة نظرة
عامة عنها تساعد القارئ على أخذ رؤية متكاملة لموضوعات السورة وهو لم يتعصب في
تفسيره على مذهب فقهي معين بل جاء بأقوال الأئمة الأربعة وغيرها من المذاهب ويرى
بأنه لا ينبغي أن يفسر الآيات القرآنية على خلفية مذاهب العقائدية.
ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ ГОЛОСУВАННЯ: МОЖЛИВОСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ РЕЦЕПЦІЇ
Authors: Данько Ю. А. , Білоцерківська Н. Г. Білоцерківська
Published: June 2019

The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of implementing and applying the electronic voting system in different countries of the world and the prospects for the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine. It is noted that e-democracy is a direct tool of democratization and development of the society in the information direction. One of the mechanisms of e-democracy is e-voting. Electronic voting is considered as a procedure for the implementation of the expression of will with the use of electronic means and as an automated process of counting votes, which simplifies the voting procedure and contributes to raising the level of electoral activity. It has been determined that e-voting, although it is one of the most complex forms of e-democracy, can still increase the interest of citizens, namely, the young people in the political life of the country, reduce the cost of the election process, enable citizens with disabilities to carry out a process of expression of will, improve the reliability of the procedure for counting election results. The author also examines the forms of e-voting that are used in world practice, namely: voting through the Internet, voting in the booth using "electronic ballot boxes" and e-voting with the help of a mobile phone. The experience of using e-voting system in different countries of the world, such as USA, Brazil, Estonia, Austria, Finland, Switzerland, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, etc., is analyzed. Identified problems faced by countries in elections when using the e-voting system. The author also considers the measures that Ukraine is developing to implement the e-voting system. In particular, it was noted that the first attempts to establish on the legislative level the introduction of electronic voting in Ukraine were recorded as early as 2011. At present, the use of electronic voting in Ukraine is only in the stage of active discussion. Based on the experience of other countries, it has been determined that electronic voting should be used in parallel with the traditional expression of will.
АРМІЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ: ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Денисенко І. Д. , Ю. О. Тяпкіна
Published: June 2019

The article contains an attempt to determine the strategy of research of the army of the modern state in the context of analyzing the evolution of the institutional approach in Western social and political discourse. The emphasis is on the content of changes that allowed institutional theory not only to transform into a non-institutional, but also to become the leading methodological basis for modern political research at all levels. It is about a change: in the categorical and conceptual apparatus of the research (for example, the new interpretation of the content of the main concepts (from the institute to the rational choice and the introduction into the scientific circulation of the concepts institutional space, institutional practice, rules of the game and etc.); principles of research; levels of research (identification of institutional, organizational and individual levels); subject field of research (first of all, introduction of individual behavior of actors into it); methods and procedures of analyze (use of tools of rational choice theory, structural and functional analysis, behavioral approach). It is substantiated that the perspective of using the main provisions of this approach to analyze the problem field of the modern army is based on such moments as: the existence of a fairly successful practice of considering the army as a specific political institution in modern scientific discourse; development of a new (more constructive) version of the interpretation of the concept of political institution; the formation, within the framework of neoinstitutionalism, of a basic research set, which allows considering collective, organizational, and mental structures and procedures, as well as individual behavior from a unified analytical position.
СЦЕНАРІЇ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОРЯДКУ В УМОВАХ «НОВОЇ КЛІМАТИЧНОЇ ЕРИ»
Authors: Калюжна Ю. І.
Published: June 2019

The article explores the evolution and transformation of the concept of «climate policy» in the perspective of modern social and humanitarian discourse. The description of the main prognostic projections and scenarios of the future world order is carried out in the context of global climate changes and large-scale natural disasters of the New Climate Era – numerous natural and man-made disasters, increased areas unsuitable for life as a result of the growth of environmental refugees and climate migrants, mass protests, food shortages and lack of drinking water, epidemics. The necessity of strengthening collective responsibility and the need for recoding existing «green programs» in accordance with the format of the New Global Climate-Ecological Doctrine, based on the value-normative imperative of global environmental awareness, ecological culture and environmental education, was emphasized. Attention is focused on the need for not only the declarative integration of the modern Ukrainian state into the world club of Green Policy and Low-carbon Economy, but also the search for and effective implementation of the latest procedures for the protection and preservation of the environment. In the category of «global challenges of the twenty-first century» – terrorism, war, poverty, unemployment, migrants, etc. – climate change and natural disasters will be the vanguard of world order transformations.

The chronological contours of the «New Climatic Era» – as «blurred, uncertain, ghostly», and therefore, it's time to reject politico-ideological, financial-economic, socio-cultural, philosophical and religious differences, get rid of the «pseudo-optimistic view» on the climate and environmental future and synchronize the work of politicians, scientists, activists on the design and implementation of the global New Climate and Environmental Doctrine. Іt should be emphasized that the delay and inaction of politicians in solving climate and environmental problems leads to radicalization of ecological movements, eco activists increase pressure and demands in proportion to the deterioration of the situation with the environment, the rhetoric of peaceful demonstrations and environmental actions is changing to partisan environmental wars, in particular, the organization Deep Ecological Resistance (Deep Green Resistance).
СУЧАСНІ ОКУПАЦІЙНІ РЕЖИМИ: ОГЛЯД КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИХ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЙ
Authors: Размєтаєв А. С.
Published: June 2019

The article gives an overview of basic concepts of occupation, developed by specialists in the fields of modern political science and jurisprudence in the end of the 20th – at the beginning of the 21st cent.: prolonged, transformative, humanitarian occupations and occupation by proxy. Their common features and differences, as well as relation to the classic doctrine of occupation have been outlined. Modern conceptual approaches were compared on the basis of the three basic principles of any occupation: effective control of territories, conservationist principle and temporary status of an occupant. It has been showed that under the influence of the politics of occupants new normative models of occupations are formed. On the other hand, comparative analysis witnesses that modern occupation regimes are often determined by the concepts, within which framework the politics of occupants is implemented. In this respect concepts turn into practical models, by which an occupant is guided when exercising power on occupied territories. Using the above occupation concepts the dominating types of occupation regimes of the 21st cent. have been pointed out. It has been found that transformative and humanitarian occupations became the government models, which tried solving a difficult dilemma between restrictions of the law of occupation and transformative goals of actors of occupation regimes in practice. Though, as a rule, the duration of such occupation regimes never exceeded 3-5 years. In their turn, prolonged occupations and occupations by proxy are empirical reality of the politics of certain states, which proceed using military interventions and occupations of foreign territories as a mechanism of securing their own interests using power. Obvious illegitimacy of power of such occupants demands from international community using effective coercive measures in order to stop prolonged occupation regimes and restoring sovereignty of affected states. A conclusion is made that all normative models of execution of power by occupants is an attempt of gaining a compromise between basic restrictions of the classical doctrine and a real politics of occupation regimes actors.
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 7. Nitrogen-fixing Clade
Authors: Jiang Wei , He Hua-Jie , Lu Lu , Burgess Kevin S. , Wang Hong , Li De-Zhu
Published: June 2019

Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in root nodules is known in only 10 families, which are distributed among a clade of four orders and delimited as the nitrogen-fixing clade. As the seventh in a series that examines pollen morphological distribution and evolution in the angiosperms, this paper focuses on pollen morphological character states of the nitrogen-fixing clade. To illustrate the palynological diversity of the clade, we first examined pollen grains from 26 species with light electron, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Second, we used a reduced data matrix from Li et al. (2015) to reconstruct a maximum likelihood tree and then optimized 18 pollen character states onto the tree using Fitch parsimony, maximum likelihood, and hierarchical Bayesian inference. Finally, 12 plesiomorphic states for the nitrogen-fixing clade were inferred unambiguously under all methods, and more than 40 clades (or lineages) at or above familial level were characterized by unambiguous pollen character state changes in at least one of the optimizations. We found a number of evolutionary trends for changes in pollen character states. These include increasing grain size, increasing aperture number accompanied by concomitant changes in aperture position (from equatorial to global) and aperture shape (from colpate to colporate), and increasing complexity of tectum ornamentation. There was a strong correlation between some pollen characters (prolate shape class, lobe outline in polar view, colpate ectoaperture, lalongate and lolongate endoaperture, absent supratectal element, reticulate tectum) and insect pollination, while other pollen characters—simple aperture structure, porate ectoaperture, circular endoaperture, present and gemmate or echinate supratectal element, and imperforate tectum—were strongly correlated with wind pollination. In addition, rugulate tectum was significantly correlated with shrub habit while larger pollen size was significantly correlated with vine habit; the helophytic habitat was significantly correlated with having two apertures. Our study provides rich evidence for the phylogenetic significance of pollen morphological diversity in the nitrogen-fixing clade.
A New Symmetric p-stable Obrechkoff Method with Optimal Phase lag for Oscillatory Problems
Authors: Felix I. C. , Famoofo O. O. , Akintewe S. M.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we derive a class of symmetric p-stable Obrechkoff methods via Padé approximation approach (PAA) for the numerical solution of special second order initial value problems (IVPs) in ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We investigate periodicity analysis on the proposed scheme to verify p-stability property. The new algorithms possess minimum phase-lag error which shows that they can accurately solve oscillatory problems. Reports on several numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the accuracy of the method.