bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF SOFTENING THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENT OF WELDING WIRE ROD
Authors: Oliinyk Eduard , Parusov Eduard , Chuiko Ihor
Published: April 2024

The theoretical justification of the prerequisites for the plasticization of welding wire rod from alloy steels due to the management of the processes of structure formation during cooling of the metal after hot plastic deformation is given. It is shown that the processes of metadynamic and static recrystallization of austenite, which occur after dynamic recrystallization and static polygonization, are decisive in the softening schemes of thermomechanical treatment of wire rod. The softening effect during thermomechanical treatment is achieved by adjusting the size of the dynamically recrystallized austenite grain through accelerated water cooling of the metal from the temperature of finish hot deformation to the temperature of the folding out of the wire rod into coils before the start of the air-cooling stage on the "Stelmore" line. The transformation of fine-grained austenite begins at higher temperatures compared to coarse-grained and is accompanied by the formation of a larger fraction of structurally free ferrite and a decrease in the fraction of bainite and martensite during the subsequent slow cooling on the conveyor under heat-insulating covers. The structural features of the "Stelmor" line, necessary for the effective implementation of the process of softening thermomechanical treatment of welding wire rod, are considered.
CORROSION RATE OF LOW-CARBON PIPES STEEL IN VARIOUS AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Petryna Dmytro
Published: April 2024

Low-carbon steels are the main material for the production of main oil and gas pipelines. Currently, new generation steels of the X70, X80 type are used in global practice, however long-term pipelines are made of 17Г1C steels (X50, X52). Corrosion of the inner and outer parts of pipes is the main factor in the failure of pipelines. The study examines the influence of aggressive environments on the corrosion rate of low-carbon steels of different generations. It was found that for a more aggressive environment the difference in corrosion rate for different steels becomes more significant, and X80 steel showed the best indicators of corrosion resistance in various aggressive environments.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES AND METHODS OF REDUCING RESIDUAL STRESSES IN SLM
Authors: S. Adjamsky , G. Kononenko , R. Podolskyi
Published: April 2024

Additive manufacturing (hereinafter – en. AM) is a modern set of technologies that make it possible to quickly and qualitatively create products with a unique geometry that are impossible or difficult to produce by traditional production methods. Currently, researchers pay attention to two major areas, namely AM quality systems and the search for new regularities in already well-known materials that were produced in a traditional way. This technology has a number of advantages for the manufacture of aerospace products, but, like all production technologies, this technology has a number of disadvantages and problems. Residual internal stresses are one of the features of metal materials produced by layer-by-layer fusion using SLM technology, but they can significantly affect mechanical properties and geometric parameters. Their presence is especially important for AM materials, which inevitably lead to significant internal stresses. Thus, the issue of reducing the influence of internal stresses requires a fundamental understanding of their influence on the geometric parameters and service characteristics of AM materials.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE STRUCTURAL CONDITION OF STEEL FOR RAILWAY RAILS ON THEIR WEAR RESISTANCE
Authors: R. Podolskyi , O. Safronova , O. Babachenko , G. Kononenko , O. Merkulov
Published: April 2024

The process of operating vehicles determines the interaction of the wheel and rail. Traffic safety and the main technical and economic indicators of track management and rolling stock largely depend on these parameters. The result is the effect arising from the rolling friction and especially from the friction of the wheel sliding on the rail during braking, relative to these changes there is a significant increase in the intensity of wear of the wheels of the rolling stock, which, in turn, can lead to catastrophic results for the locomotive industry. Also, in the process of operation of the rail in most cases, defects are formed that have the character of a complicated state: its head is subject to wear, crumpling, cracking and buckling, contact fatigue damage can develop in the metal.
RESEARCH OF THE STRENGTH OF CEMENT STONE BASED ON THE WATER VAPOR CONDENSATE OF FLUE GAS
Authors: Mykhailiuk Vasyl , Protsiuk Vasyl , Deineha Ruslan
Published: April 2024

The production of cement causes significant emissions of greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, which leads to global warming. The development of methods of disposal of these ages is an urgent task. The paper examines the possibility of using steam condensate from the flue gases of cement production as a raw material for obtaining cement stone. The mechanical characteristics of the cement stone made with the use of flue gas vapor condensate and in accordance with the characteristics of the cement stone made on tap water were determined. It was established that the cement stone obtained with the use of steam gas condensate has the best mechanical properties. The resulting cement has higher flexural strength than tap water cement, and cement stone has higher flexural and compressive stresses. At the same time, the fragility of cement stone made from mixed condensate of flue gas steam remained the same as in cement stone made using tap water.
DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING STEEL REFINING PROCESSES USING INTERATOMIC INTERACTION PARAMETERS IN MELTS
Authors: Daria Togobitskaya , Alla Bielkova , Dmytro Stepanenko , Nadiya Khodotova
Published: April 2024

To evaluate the efficiency of steel refining processes, the results of the physicochemical interaction of elements in the metal-slag system of ten steel grades smelted in modern conditions in Ukraine were analysed. As a result of the analysis of the patterns of changes in the distribution coefficients of sulphur and phosphorus depending on the chemical composition of steel and slag, physicochemical criteria for assessing the degree of completeness of ion exchange processes during steel dephosphorisation and desulphurisation have been developed using integral parameters of interatomic interaction in melts. Along with the use of integral physicochemical parameters of the chemical and charge state of the system ZY, e and Ze, the key role of the influence of the "recharge" parameter of the element ∆Ze on the process of sulfur and phosphorus distribution between metal and slag is shown and its use as a criterion for assessing the degree of deviation of the system from equilibrium is substantiated.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF METALURGICAL VIBRATION WITH VICORISTAN COMPLIANCE THEORIES
Authors: Tuboltsev Leonid , Petrenko Vitalii , Fonarova Tetiana , Selegey. Andriy
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine modern approaches to the strategy of applying the compliance system at metallurgical enterprises. From the standpoint of the theory of hypercomplex dynamic systems, the components of the metallurgical enterprise are considered. Hypercomplexity is provided by the variety of sub-sectors included in the research object. The system properties of metallurgical production are highlighted, in particular, hypercomplexity (S1), dynamism (S2) and structurality (S3). It is shown that one of the latest global scientific developments regarding the procedure for compliance with obligations in the financial and industrial spheres is the theoretical concept of Compliance. It is advisable to provide advisory functions to the Compliance system at the enterprise, when the final decision on the implementation of its recommendations is taken by the management of the enterprise at the appropriate level. It is shown that common to all theories of Compliance is finding a balance between such categories as "compliance" with established requirements and "risks" from inappropriate fulfillment of obligations. The ratio of financial risks and the probability of compliance with these risks of business entities is given. It is shown that Compliance should acquire the status of not only a controlling body, but also take into account the elements of psychology in the implementation of its activities.
RESEARCH OF FAILURE HOSE IN THE OPERATION OF FORKLIFTS IN SEAPORTS
Authors: Strelbitskyi Viktor
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on hydraulic hoses utilized in the hydraulic systems of forklifts. The investigation examined 8 forklifts, each with a loading capacity of 10 tons. The check took place every six months over a three-year span. Before and after each shift, the forklift operator performed visual checks and hydraulic system and brake а inspections. The research findings indicated that the most frequent hose malfunction was a result of a rupture. The failure rate noticeably increased during the winter, attributable to the low temperatures' adverse effect on the hoses' physical and mechanical properties. Another common area of hydraulic hose failure is due to substandard crimping and minimal fitting depth in the sleeves..
AN ADAPTIVE APPROACH TO THE BEE HIVE STATE IDENTIFICATION USING NEURAL NETWORKS AND AUDIO ANALYSIS
Authors: Zhukov Oleksandr , Horbenko Vitalii
Published: April 2024

Monitoring the queen bee is crucial for the health and productivity of a bee colony. The queen plays a vital role in reproduction and maintaining the colony's population. Utilizing neural networks, such as CNNs along with sound analysis, can be a valuable tool for monitoring queen bees and assessing their behavior and health within the hive. Finding the best way to preprocess audio data and review it is an important task that, if performed well, will help to track the bee hive population and its health state in general. According to the training and evaluation results, MFCCs-based models have given constant good results, and when used on a limited audio dataset, pre-trained model showed better performance than the one trained from zero.
ASSESSMENT OF SLAG MELT STRUCTURE USING ADAPTIVE SEGMENTED REGRESSION MODEL OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Authors: Stepanenko Dmytro , Togobytska Nataliya
Published: April 2024

The expediency of using an adaptive segmented regression model for the analysis of logarithmic dependences of viscosity and electrical conductivity on temperature to assess the structure of slag melts is shown. Calculated values of the activation energies of viscosity ( ) and electrical conductivity ( ) in different temperature ranges. The obtained calculation results confirm that the viscosity and electrical conductivity of slag melts characterize the interaction of various structural particles (ions and/or their groups) and can be used in the study of the structure of slag melts. It was established that the activation energy of viscosity and electrical conductivity decreases as the temperature of slag melts increases. The performed calculations of the indicator n=En/Ex indicate that it can be a criterion for evaluating the structure of the slag melt, when n >1, the slag melt is a heterogeneous system, and when n < 1, it is a homogeneous system. Viscosity and electrical conductivity are interdependent properties and can be predicted if there is data on one of the properties, provided the value of n is known.
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN ANALYSIS OF DILATOGRAMS OF MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN STEEL
Authors: Chuiko Ihor , Parusov Eduard , Bobyr Serhii , Sahura Liudmyla
Published: April 2024

The paper provides practical experience of applying mathematical modeling in the analysis of the kinetics of athermal martensitic transformation in low-alloy structural steel 30HGSA (Fe-0.30С-0.86Si-1.02Mn-0.84Сr, % wt.) using the dilatogram of the real quenching process. The change in the amount of martensite formed in the studied steel as a function of temperature during continuous quenching cooling is shown. The used technique for determining the phase ratio provides in situ correlation with the microstructural mechanisms implemented in the studied material during heat treatment. The obtained results will be used to develop parameters of heat treatment based on the principle of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) to improve the complex of properties of 30HGSA steel due to the creation of a multiphase structure.
Modeling of vacuuming of low-carbon steel in a ladle taking into account the approach of degasation reactions to equilibrium
Authors: O Velichko , V. Kamkin , K. Rudko
Published: April 2024

The object of research is the process of vacuuming steel in a ladle. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of approach of degassing reactions to equilibrium and removal rates by articles. Research methods - theoretical studies are based on the basic provisions of physical chemistry and the theory of metallurgical processes, thermodynamic calculations of the non-equilibrium reactions of degassing. Scientific novelty - in vacuum degassing processes, the approximation of the corresponding reactions to equilibrium plays a significant role, in industrial vacuum installations, the equilibrium between carbon and oxygen dissolved in steel is not achieved due to extremely small concentrations of interacting substances, the speed of the chemical reaction decreases so much that it does not allow for processing time to even approach the state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Practical significance - to ensure a high degree of implementation of the deoxidizing ability of carbon in vacuum conditions, it is necessary to: apply the main lining of steel pouring ladles; maintain a high basicity of slag and a minimum content of iron oxides in it; mix the melt in the ladle with an inert gas to facilitate the conditions for the nucleation of carbon oxidation reaction products.
A GAP PACKAGE FOR DECOUPLING LINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Bazylevych Yurii , Stanina Olha
Published: April 2024

There are a number of problems, the solution of which requires the breakdown of the initial system of equations using algebraic decoupling methods. This means reducing the matrix of coefficients to block-diagonal (or block-triangular) form by means of substitution of variables. The main computational tasks when using such methods are finding the centralizer of several matrices or compiling the algebra generated by these matrices. For calculations, it is convenient to use the GAP computer algebra system because the system itself is designed for discrete algebra calculations. The problem is that the GAP program does not support calculations with real numbers. For practical problems you can try to replace them (with some accuracy) by rational numbers. At the same time, the decision may turn out to be excessively cumbersome. On the other hand, the advantage of GAP is the complete absence of rounding errors.
ANDROID APPLICATION FOR AUTOMATIC FILM SELECTION ACCORDING TO USER'S PREFERENCE
Authors: Victoria Ruvinska , Artem Maksimychev
Published: April 2024

The work outlines the development of a movie and TV show recommendation application, integrating with services like IMDb and TMDB, OMDb. It uses Java and Android Architecture Components, with Jsoup for HTML data processing. The app combines content-based and collaborative filtering for personalized recommendations. Collaborative filtering offers diverse suggestions but faces issues like the "cold start" problem, whereas content-based filtering focuses on user-preferred characteristics but may lack variety. To enhance recommendations, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can be employed, reducing data dimensionality and revealing hidden relationships, though it has computational limitations.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESS SIMULATION METHODS
Authors: Lavr Molchanov , Tatyana Golub
Published: April 2024

In modern conditions, modeling of technological processes is one of the most promising methods of conducting research on industrial facilities, which is characterized by a low cost compared to conducting research on real metallurgical units. Modeling, as a research method, is based on the reproduction of a real technological process in a smaller volume, in comparison with a real technological process while observing the scale of similarity. In the global practice of researching metallurgical processes, the following methods of modeling technological processes are used: mathematical modeling; low-temperature physical modeling; high-temperature physical modeling. When studying the metallurgical processes of the steelmaking direction, the most complete data is provided by high-temperature physical modeling. At the same time, it allows to study both permanent technological processes and innovative ones. As for the methods of low-temperature physical modeling, they are somewhat limited in the context of informativeness, but they differ in their low cost. Mathematical modeling is promising for modeling established technological processes and needs some clarification with practical data. An urgent task for modern metallurgical science is the development of methods for increasing the accuracy of the results of low-temperature modeling and bringing them closer to high-temperature modeling while maintaining an acceptable cost of modeling.
REFACTORING CROSS-PLATFORM APPLICATIONS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Syrota Oleksandr , Vadym Horiachkin
Published: April 2024

In software development, the productivity of code refactoring is increased by the use of artificial intelligence (AI). AI methods such as machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and genetic algorithms (GA) can be used in the refactoring process. Each method has a certain impact on the process, both positive and negative. With this in mind, the work performed by AI requires careful management to avoid a number of problems, such as "hallucinations". Research continues to explore new methods, evaluate comparative effectiveness, and optimize AI models for specific frameworks and languages.
DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE AND CLIENT-SERVER APPLICATION FOR HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mashchenko Leonid , Yuriev Maksym
Published: April 2024

The electronic diary described in the work is intended for students and teachers in higher education institutions and is based on a client-server architecture, using advanced technologies to provide convenient access to educational information via a local network. The main goal of this project is to improve the interaction between students and teachers, contributing to the increase in productivity and quality of education. The diary provides convenient access to educational information, contributing to effective data management and improving communication between participants of the educational process. It helps students keep track of their grades, class schedules, and teachers to grade and interact with their students, making learning more efficient and convenient.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SOLUTION OF ENGINEERING PROBLEMS. ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Nykyta Krasnoshapka , Stanislav Maliienko , Anton Guda , Tatjana Selivyorstova
Published: April 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming an integral part of modern engineering, promising to transform the ways of design, production, and system management. Its application ranges from process automation to optimization of production cycles, enhancing efficiency and reliability. However, despite the advantages, there are challenges such as AI integration into the design phase, safety requirements, and data confidentiality. Especially in the EPC industry, where each project has unique requirements, and high safety standards complicate AI implementation. Additionally, the need for qualified professionals and effective data collection mechanisms create further obstacles. Successful AI implementation requires the integration of company experience, a strategic approach, and support from senior management.
STUDY OF EFFECT TO COLD PILGER ROLLING PARAMETERS ON THE TEMPERATURE REGIME OF PROCESS
Authors: Anton Kuchyn
Published: April 2024

The research is aimed at determining the optimal parameters that affect the efficiency of rolling and the quality of the product. The relationship between various parameters such as heat transfer, ultimate strength, friction index and temperature regime is analyzed to improve the technological parameters of cold mill rolling and increase the quality of products. Mathematical modeling of cold mill rolling processes allows not only a deeper understanding of the physical processes occurring during rolling, but also provides an opportunity to analyze the influence of various parameters on the temperature regime and, in general, on the quality of the final product.
IDENTIFICATION OF TRAINS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Authors: O. Yehorov
Published: April 2024

Creating of information and control systems, rolling unit traffic control systems, both within the station and on the adjacent tracks, is closely linked to the identification systems. This paper describes the procedure of the identification method allowing to determine а train from the list of possible. This uses a data of the control section and a data of the top-level information systems. To achieve the set purpose the simulation method and experiment planning method were used. The developed simulation model of the identification method allows you to check the correct operation of different algorithms for identifying rolling units. The results of this work can be used to identify both individual rolling units and the whole train.
PROSPECTS FOR USING BIG DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS IN THE METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Kateryna Ostrovska , Ivan Stovpchenko
Published: April 2024

The work presents the Big Data technology bases. Thanks to Big Data Analytics, you can quickly and efficiently interpret various information, find patterns and make forecasts. Today, Big Data helps solve various problems in many areas, including: retail, medicine, finance, industry, energy, tourism, ecology, entertainment. Thanks to the processing and analysis of a large array of data, representatives of government, business, science, developers and other interested parties improve the quality of goods and services and develop business. Big Data technologies make it possible to efficiently and quickly benefit from this array of information. With their help, government agencies and business representatives optimize various processes, and end consumers receive better services. The prospects for using systems for processing extensive data in the metallurgical industry are considered.
DETECTING OBJECTS ON SATELLITE IMAGES USING PYTORCH
Authors: M. Mishchenko , V. Hnatushenko
Published: April 2024

This paper is devoted to the development of a neural network for classifying satellite images of the Earth into four classes: water, sands, clouds, and green areas (forests, fields, and plant clusters). For this purpose, the Python library PyTorch is used, which is focused on the application of deep learning for computer vision tasks. The proposed approach allows for automatic classification of satellite images, facilitating the analysis of large amounts of data, and has been tested on Sentinel-2 satellite images acquired from March to August 2023 for some parts of Kherson and Mykolaiv regions, Ukraine, and achieved an overall accuracy of 95%. The results of the study are useful for specialists in the fields of remote sensing, computer vision, machine learning, and aerospace image analysis software development.
DEVELOPMENT OF NOMOGRAMS AND CALCULATIVE MODELS FOR SPECIFIC MAGNESIUM СONSUMPTION AND SULFUR CONTENT IN IRON UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF INJECTION HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION
Authors: A. Shevchenko , I. Manachyn , B. Dvoskin , O. Bashmakov , M. Rybalchenko
Published: April 2024

Built and put into operation experimental industrial and industrial installations and cast iron desulfurization departments ensured a reduction of sulfur content in cast iron to 0.005-0.010% in industrial conditions. The purpose of the work is to reliably predict the calculation of the necessary consumption of magnesium from various conditions - the initial sulfur content, the mass of cast iron and the given final sulfur content to ensure the reduction of desulfurization costs. In addition, it is important to predict the current content of sulfur in cast iron depending on the consumption of magnesium in order to increase the reliability of the achieved content of sulfur in molten iron. The developments carried out to assess the regularities of the processes of out-of-furnace desulfurization of cast iron by monoinjection of granular magnesium made it possible to obtain calculation models for the assessment of existing and newly built capacities for desulfurization of cast iron in ladles of different sizes (40-350 t) at different initial sulfur contents in cast iron (0.02-0.07 %) and requirements for the final content of sulfur in cast iron (≤0.002-0.015%). Calculation models are presented.
ASPECTS OF VICTORISTANGY INTELLIGENCE IN CURRENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND VIBRATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Tymoshenko Lyudmila
Published: April 2024

The work explores the possibilities of modern information technology in the organization of production using artificial intelligence to achieve high efficiency and increase competitiveness. The application of machine learning algorithms and data analysis allows you to increase productivity, reduce costs and improve production management. Artificial intelligence is used in product quality management by analyzing data on production processes, detecting defects and predicting possible problems. The main problems of introducing artificial intelligence into computer systems are the impossibility of predicting all real situations and programming the machine to respond appropriately to them, insufficient reliability and errors in the software. Legal issue of liability for errors of artificial intelligence.
The modeling and simulation of a smoke-free firewood furnace designed for indirect heating adapted to mixing heating configuration
Authors: Silva Luís César da , Yusuf Kamaldeen Ayinla , Melo Evandro de Castro , Soares Sammy Fernandes , Sousa e Silva Juarez de , Donzeles Sérgio Maurício Lopes , Vitor Douglas Gonzaga
Published: April 2024

The use of wood furnaces for thermal energy applications in drying is common among coffee growers in Brazil. However, incomplete combustion of firewood and excessive use of damaged furnaces can lead to product contamination and negative environmental effects. To address this issue, a smoke-free wood furnace was designed, to heat the drying air utilizing a heat exchanger, and using a removable smoke-free combustion cell. The new furnace design was based on thermal energy ranging from 15 to 30 kW, drying airflow rates from 35 to 45 m³ min-1, and drying air temperatures from 50 to 80 °C.
The design process considered the thermal energy required for heating air, furnace fuel consumption, combustion chamber volume, grate area, and heat exchanger dimensions. The performance of the adapted furnace data was monitored over time using a graphics statistical control (x-bar chart). Regression analysis of temperature and mass flow rate for the mixed heating configurations was carried out to develop quadratic models for the modified operation.
The models were used to create a simulation model using ExtendTM simulation language to predict the performance of the furnace, in mixed heating at the desired drying air temperature. The simulation was carried out under two different conditions, normal and controlled operation of the furnace. Five scenarios of working hours without refueling (119 min) drying temperature were carried out.
The simulation result indicates that the furnace operates at a maximum efficiency of approximately 40% irrespective of the desired drying temperature during normal operation. However, controlled operation with increased opening time of the mixing air inlet for admitting ambient air into the mixing chamber significantly improved the furnace's efficiency, with an optimum efficiency of 55% achieved at 90°C drying temperature.
The simulation reflects that the furnace operates at a maximum efficiency of 68% at a temperature of 90°C, which can be attained at 66.31 minutes of operation in mixed heating of 30 minutes and indirect heating configuration of 89 min during working hours without refueling of 119 min.
Risk factors for chloramphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry meat in Biskra (Algeria)
Authors: Guergueb Nadjah , Alloui Nadir
Published: April 2024

This study is conducted to identify risk factors related to chloramphenicol resistance of Escherichia coli isolated in poultry meat. Total of 134 E. coli strains were isolated from 159 different poultry meat samples in 10 butcher shops, between January 2018 and 30 July 2020. Tow predictor variables were categorical; Carcass/cut and Before/after COVID-19 appearance. Chloramphenicol resistant E. coli isolated from carcass packed at slaughterhouses or from poultry meats purchased before COVID-19 emergence were compared with those isolated from poultry cuts in butcher shops or from poultry meats purchased after COVID-19 appearance respectively. The Pearson's chi-squared tests (X2), t-tests and Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for all emerging associations. Binary logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with chloramphenicol E. coli resistance in poultry meat. The frequency of chloramphenicol-resistant E. coli isolates was found higher (47.5%) after COVID-19's emergence than before COVID-19 (20.21%), p-value ≤ 0.001. The effect of COVID-19 emergence on E. coli chloramphenicol resistance being OR= 3.57 (95% CI 1.61-7.94). The frequency of chloramphenicol-resistant E. coli isolates in poultry cuts was found to be greater (30%) than in poultry carcass (5%), p-value ≤ 0.01. Poultry cuts having an OR= 9.08 effect on E. coli chloramphenicol resistance (95% CI 1.17-70.43). The logistic regression revealed that E. coli strains isolated from poultry meat purchased after COVID-19 outbreak are 6.58 times more likely to be chloramphenicol resistant than E. coli strains isolated from poultry meat purchased before COVID-19 appearance. The excessive use of biocides during COVID-19 outbreak increased the probability of chloramphenicol E. coli resistance in poultry meat and the carcass packed beforehand at slaughterhouses decreases the probability of chloramphenicol resistance of E. coli in poultry meat, later at the butcher shops.
Alteração da densidade do solo por operações agrícolas mecanizadas: interação entre ambiente e equipamentos
Authors: Grillo Vinícius , Silva Alessandro Alvarenga Pereira da , Acorsi Matheus Gabriel , Gimenez Leandro Maria
Published: April 2024

O uso intensivo das áreas agrícolas usualmente requer operações mecanizadas mais rápidas com elevação da potência e consequente aplicação de maiores cargas sobre o solo. O aumento da densidade do solo, compactação, restringe a produtividade dos cultivos. A correta seleção dos equipamentos e o uso em condições satisfatórias de umidade do solo permite minimizar os danos. Modelos para predição da capacidade dos solos em suportar cargas e dos efeitos das cargas sobre suas caracterísitcas estão disponíveis, mas vem sendo usualmente empregados sem considerar a variabilidade do solo. Neste trabalho levantatou-se as principais características de tratores de rodas representativos de três faixas de potência, 73 kW, 183 kW e 320 kW (classes II, IV e V respectivamente) e de semeadoras empregados no Brasil. Simulou-se os efeitos do tráfego em gleba de solo com variabilidade em sua composição granulométrica. Os resultados demonstraram que as pressões aplicadas pelos rodados dianteiros oscilaram entre 244 e 320 kPa e para os traseiros entre 264 e 327 kPa. Os efeitos na densidade do solo oscilaram em função da granulometria do solo, com intensidades e profundidades de alterações variando espacialmente. O trator da maior faixa de potência provocou alteração na densidade do solo até a profundidade de 0,30 m. O trator da classe II, apresentou maior percentual de área pisoteada por rodados, entretanto com danos na estrutura do solo restritos à camada até 0,10 m. A regionalização das porções mais suscetíveis e a compreensão do tipo de dano são relevantes no planejamento das operações visando minimizar os efeitos e também à sua correção de modo localizado.
“Aquí nos gritamos, nos regañamos”: diálogos entre promotores de agroecologías, Veracruz, México
Authors: Botana Amparo Albalat
Published: April 2024

En este documento dialogan seis promotores comunitarios del centro y norte del estado de Veracruz, México (se identifican por su nombre entre paréntesis). Estudiantes de la Especialidad en Soberanías Alimentarias y Gestión de Incidencia Local Estratégica, los cuales conversan sobre el tema de las evaluaciones participativas y cómo la viven dentro de sus Comunidades de Aprendizaje con el objetivo de transformar o fortalecer sus agri-culturas y con ello sus relaciones.  Este ejercicio nació al interior de la materia Investigación Acción Participativa y desde los espacios donde habita y se desarrolla cada estudiante, localidades rurales y rurubanas con sus propias y muy particulares complejidades. Y al exterior, desde la mirada docente que lee y se conmueve con cada ejercicio. Se propone re-pensar desde dónde, cómo, para qué y para quién se evalúa. Así como, qué es lo que convierte una evaluación en prácticas transformativas. Este documento nos invita a escuchar las voces de quien vive su territorio, ofreciéndonos algunas pistas, buscando hacer eco y conectar con otros promotores, docentes, agricultores/as, técnicos/as y académicos/as quienes intentamos construir o deconstruir nuestros propios paradigmas agroecológicos.
Evaluación de la producción y calidad de la leche en vacas criollas barroso en Chiquimulilla, Santa Rosa, Guatemala
Authors: Aguilar Ever Alexis Martínez , Jiménez Raúl Jáuregui , Sandoval Juan Carlos Valdez , Cordón Luis Fernando Cordón , Morales Juan Fernando Contreras , López Merlin Wilfrido Osorio , Chúa Alba Concepción Melgar
Published: April 2024

Objetivo. Evaluar la producción láctea y la calidad de la leche de las vacas criollas Barroso en las condiciones ecológicas y de manejo de la finca la Guardianilla, Chiquimulilla, Santa Rosa, Guatemala. Materiales y métodos. Para determinar la producción láctea del ganado Barroso, se procedió según el International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR). Se registró la producción de leche de un grupo promedio de 19 vacas en diferentes etapas de lactancia. Se utilizó el software Milk Curve Fitter®. Se tomaron muestras de leche (100 mL) para determinar los parámetros físicos, químicos y nutricionales, y se utilizó el equipo Ekomilk Total®. Para determinar el número de células somáticas, se utilizó el equipo Ekomilk Scan®. Resultados. La curva de lactancia de vacas primerizas y multíparas reveló que el punto máximo de producción se registra en el día 60, para primerizas alcanzando un pico de 4.30 kg de leche por vaca. Esto se tradujo en un total de 1682 kg de leche durante toda la lactancia, con un promedio de 4.11 kg por vaca. La curva de lactancia de vacas multíparas reveló un pico de 5.36 kg por vaca. Esto se tradujo en una producción total de 1836 kg durante toda la lactancia, con un promedio de 4.75 kg por vaca. Se aprecia que a medida avanza la lactancia aumentan los parámetros nutricionales y físico-químicos de la leche. Conclusiones. El presente estudio ha demostrado mediante las curvas de lactancia que el bovino criollo Barroso posee un gran potencial lechero para la región centroamericana. Los datos que se conocían del Barroso han variado desde sus anteriores estudios hasta el presente.
Sustratos orgánicos para la propagación de papaya (Carica papaya L.) en invernadero
Authors: Megchun-García Juan Valente , Castañeda-Chávez María del Refugio , Lucho-Constantino Gonzalo Guillermo , Vázquez-Ramírez Armando , Nataren-Velázquez Jeremías
Published: April 2024

México es uno de los principales productores y exportadores de papaya (Carica papaya L.) a países como Estados Unidos de América. En México los principales estados productores de papaya de la variedad “Maradol” son Veracruz y Chiapas. Aunque existe una gran diversidad de variedades de papaya en los agroecosistemas tropicales y subtropicales con gran potencial de mercado y mejoramiento genético, se busca generar tecnologías de manejo sustentable. El experimento se desarrolló en un invernadero ubicado en las instalaciones del Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Jesús Carranza, Veracruz. El material genético utilizado fueron semillas de papaya de la variedad “Zapote”, las cuales fueron donadas por el programa “Sembrado vida”, estas se colocaron en diferentes sustratos y se evaluaron los tratamientos T1: Bocashi 100%, T2: Composta 100%, T3: Bocashi 50% + Composta 50%, T4: Tierra negra 100%, se realizó en un diseño experimental con bloques completos al azar, considerando 65 réplicas por tratamiento; las variables de estudio fueron grosor de tallo, altura de plántula, emergencia, temperatura del sustrato, pH y porcentaje de humedad, el análisis estadístico de los datos fue con el programa MINITAD versión 17. Los resultados con respecto a la emergencia inicial y final no presentaron diferencias estadísticas, en el desarrollo total de las plántulas los mejores tratamientos fueron T2, T3 y T4, el “T2” presentó superioridad estadística en la variable altura de planta y diámetro de tallo con valores de 25.9 cm y 0.55 cm respectivamente. La temperatura del sustrato el T1 y T3, presentaron valores de 28 °C, los mayores porcentajes de humedad en los sustratos fueron en los T3 y T4, debido a que el suelo retiene agua y no tiene buen drenaje. El mejor desarrollo de plántulas de papaya se presentó en los tratamientos T2 (Composta) y T3 (Combinado), esto puede ser por la capacidad que tiene la materia orgánica de retener agua, y proporcionar nutrimentos para el desarrollo de las plántulas.
Certificación de competencias laborales y empleabilidad en el sector rural en México
Authors: Narváez Natzelhy Ávila , Duque Angel Pita , Rodríguez Ariadna Isabel Barrera , Hernández Belén Hernández
Published: April 2024

La globalización ha traído grandes transformaciones a la agricultura mexicana modernizándose y creando nuevos modos de producción, dando apertura a una demanda laboral cualificada. Los extensionistas en México han sido y serán uno de los actores más importantes en el sector rural. Sin embargo, los cambios institucionales en el sistema de extensionismo agropecuario en México han sido factores de gran transformación del mercado laboral de los extensionistas, causando la disolución del sistema de extensionismo nacional y la reducción de empleabilidad. En México desde la década de los 90´s se implementa el Sistema Nacional de Competencias con el propósito de reconocer las competencias laborales en alrededor de 25 sectores productivos, de los cuales 20 de ellos son específicamente productivos y 5 a sectores de los prestadores de servicios, con el fin de contribuir a mejorar la empleabilidad de las personas que certifican sus competencias laborales en algún Estándar de Competencia[1]. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis que permita identificar cómo la certificación de competencias laborales ha contribuido a mejorar las condiciones de empleabilidad de los extensionistas del sector rural en México.
 
[1] De acuerdo con el Registro Nacional de Competencias Laborales (RENEC) en México existen 1,273 Estándares de Competencia. https://conocer.gob.mx/renec-registro-nacional-estandares-competencia/
Efecto del consumo de ms, desde 21 días antes del parto sobre la calidad del calostro y ganancia de peso de las crías de vacas en el trópico
Authors: Martínez Juan Prisciliano Zárate , Utrera Ángel Ríos , Lagunes Maribel Montero , Quintos Jaime Rangel , Islas Abraham Fragoso
Published: April 2024

El objetivo fue comparar el efecto que tiene aplicar dos tratamientos de alimentación que asegure un mayor consumo de materia seca total (MST), en vacas doble propósito, desde 21 días antes del parto sobre la calidad del calostro y el crecimiento de sus crías hasta los dos meses de edad. Se utilizó el tratamiento como efecto fijo (T), condición corporal (CC) como variable dependiente y se analizó, peso al nacimiento (PN), peso al segundo mes (PM2) de vida y ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) del nacimiento al segundo mes de vida de las crías, con el procedimiento GLM de SAS (Statistical Analysis System. Versión 9.2, 2007). La calidad del calostro se evaluó por medio de un calostrómetro Biogenics 09359 Highway 126 Mapleton, Oregon 97453, durante las tres primeras horas posteriores al parto, tomando una muestra de 750 ml de calostro a temperatura ambiente y clasificándose en color verde (superior) de 101 A 125 g/L de IG, color amarillo (moderado) de 51 a 100 g/L y color rojo (inferior) de 25 a 50 g/L. El efecto del tratamiento de alimentación y suplementación de las vacas donde se aseguró un consumo de MST de 13.4 a 13.7 kg desde 21 días antes del parto, sobre el PM2 y la GDP de sus crías fue significativo (P<0.05) a favor de los T1 = 73.7 y 0.667 kg; T2 = 86.1 y 0.823 kg vs T3 = 56.8 y 0.350 kg (testigo), respectivamente y una menor mortalidad (P<0.05) de las crías del nacimiento a los dos meses de vida (T1=6.66% y T2= 0%) en comparación con un hato donde no se suplementa a las vacas desde 21 día antes del parto (T3=20.58%). La alimentación con un mayor consumo de MS a partir de los 21 días preparto no tuvo un efecto (P>0.05) sobre la calidad del calostro de vacas en el trópico.
Impact of Human Resource Information System Performance for Sustainable Health Sector in South Africa
Authors: Udekwe Emmanuel , Iwu Chux Gervase , Obadire Olusegun Samson
Published: April 2024

The search for significance in the constantly changing health sector environment has led many organisations/sectors to consider numerous strategies, such as the introduction of information systems in human resource management. Thus, the utilisation of human resource information systems (HRIS) for sustainable healthcare workforce performance to realise substantial study interest without proportionate consideration of how HRIS can impact the healthcare sector for sustainable development growth in South Africa (SA). A mixed-method research design was employed; four public hospitals were selected in the Western Cape Provincial Department of Health and Wellness (WCPDHW) of SA. A pragmatic paradigm with an abductive approach was initiated. Psychometric properties testing was carried out to assess the reliability and validity of the data instrument. The participants were selected purposively from the four hospitals. Forty-six questionnaires and forty-one interviews were collated for the study. It was realised that the lack of effective HRIS does not bode well for healthcare workforce performance management due to reasons such as insufficient computers and information systems, lack of teamwork and staff participation, lack of sophisticated systems, lack of confidentiality of information, continuous use of manual HR processes, lack of government support and commitment. These reasons do not support sectors such as healthcare that should add to the country’s growth and sustainable strategy. The respondents argue that the effectiveness of information systems is sustained if a suitable intervention of how it can be improved to achieve better healthcare performance in the sector is introduced. It was found that the lack of upgrades to the system in use does create negativity among healthcare workers regarding the impact of HRIS on their performance in the healthcare sector. The study recommends sustainable technological structures and the elimination of manual HR processes. It further recommends effective guidelines for effective HRIS utilisation to sustain workforce performance in SA’s health sector. Future research directions are signalled in the study.
Evolving Decision-Making: Exploring the Shift from Binary to Preferential Voting
Authors: Emerson Peter
Published: April 2024

Covid and Climate Change are telling us that we must all work together.But we cannot work well with each other, if we are forever taking decisions by voting (for or) against each other. By viewing problems in more detail, however, by not oversimplifying our controversies, and then by expressing our preferences on a range of, say, half-a-dozen options, cooperation and collective decision-making are indeed possible.
Accordingly, this article first looks at a history of decision-making voting procedures, from the binary (either ‘Option X, yes or no?’ or ‘Option X or option Y?’), to the multi-optional or, better still, preferential; next, it critiques majority voting and considers some of the other, more sophisticated mechanisms, before concluding that a preferential points procedure is actually the most accurate. Finally, the text outlines the beneficial consequences that could accrue from developing such a non-binary political structure; majority voting leads to majority (sic) rule, whereas preferential decision-making could be is the basis of a quantum polity and real majority rule: a non-partisan polity of all-party power-sharing. Such a structure is often used in post-conflict zones, but could also be the basis of cooperation and consensus seeking in the UN’s efforts on Climate Change.
Dravidar Iyakkam Advocated by Thanthai Periyar Contains Nuances of Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto; - Peraringer Anna Embraced it as Legislature and Bharat Ratna Marudhur Gopalamenon Ramachandran Propagated it in his Films and Formalized it as Annaism; thereafter Dr. Jayaraman Jayalalita carried it forward to uphold the Concept of Equity and Social Justice in Tamil Nadu Governance - A Retrospective Reflection
Authors: Sarvaharana Dr. P. , Thiyagarajan Dr. P. , Manikandan Dr. S.
Published: April 2024

Right to live, equity and social justice are watch words that determine quality of life in a society. But Tamil Society witnessed harassment by handful of men who branding themselves as the higher social hierarchy dominated the rest for decades resulting great social inequality. Devaneya Pavanar in his forward to his book entitled “Tamilar Varalaru” published by Poompuhar Pathippagam, states that “there is a concept revolving in the country for the past three thousand years that Brahmins are inherited from God, sanscrit is the mother of all languages and it is the language of Gods and Tamil had lost its rationality; self-respet and self-confidence. Pavanar also states that though British Rule developed the country; the Justice Party uplifted the coman man; the research in language unravels the truth; Periyar however cautioned Tamils; however Maraimalai Adigal taught the Tamils for their emancipation they remain the same. After the Britishers left India the minority Muslims attain separate nation but not the Tamils.
Analysis of Symptoms and Demographic Characteristics in Diagnosis of COVID-19 by Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Tanış Caner
Published: April 2024

The new coronavirus COVID-19 is an infectious disease that started spreading globally in December 2019. Some symptoms are known to give clues as to whether the COVID-19 virus is infected. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper was to determine specific symptoms related to COVID-19 for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 cases. The data set consists of 25985 individuals including PCR results, 2 demographic properties (age, gender), and 5 symptoms such as headache, shortness of breath, sore throat, fever, and cough is considered in this study. We analyzed the relationship between these covariates and PCR results by binary logistic regression model. A total of 16405 (63.1%) individuals having to positive PCR results were included in this study. The research population was divided into two age groups (