bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Decision-Making Roles and Priorities that Affect Rebuilding after Disaster: The Example of L'Aquila, Italy
Authors: Liel Abbie B. , Corotis Ross B. , Camata Guido , Sutton Jeannette , Holtzman Rose , Spacone Enrico
Published: September 2013

This study examines decision making for recovery and reconstruction in L'Aquila, Italy, over the one-year period following the 6 April 2009 earthquake. The paper focuses on local and national perceptions of government response to the earthquake, community involvement in reconstruction decision processes, the establishment of rebuilding priorities, and prospects for future seismic risk reduction. Data were collected through 23 semi-structured, face-to-face key informant interviews with local leaders (including community, building industry, and government representatives) and 4 interviews with national leaders. Findings show that although local leaders were satisfied with the Department of Civil Protection's emergency response, there was frustration with funding and priorities for permanent rebuilding. Public involvement in decision making varied by community, but in most cases was limited, leading local leaders to express distrust in government and national leadership and their decisions. The case study also illustrates the importance of authority and resource coordination between the national and local levels.
Calibration and Validation of a Seismic Damage Propagation Model for Interdependent Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Wu Jason , Dueñas-Osorio Leonardo
Published: September 2013

Barring a few exceptions, most theoretical and computational models of lifeline system fragility and interdependent response to extreme events still lack calibration and validation relative to real events. This paper expands on this area by evaluating and calibrating a recently proposed Interdependence Fragility Algorithm ( IFA) against field data observed after the 2010 Mw 8.8 offshore Maule, Chile, earthquake. This evaluation incorporates available and simulated properties of the Concepción and Talcahuano water and power networks to try to replicate their topology and seismic response, considering both direct damage and interdependent effects. The calibrated IFA predicts that the probabilities of exceeding the observed high connectivity losses of 0.70 (power) and 0.82 (water), if taken as limit states, are 97% and 72%, respectively. These predictions capture complex interdependent lifeline system responses reasonably well and reveal influential factors for IFA model accuracy and uncertainty reduction, enabling reliable planning, design, expansion, and maintenance of infrastructure systems in practice.
Seismic Design and Hybrid Tests of a Full-Scale Three-Story Concentrically Braced Frame using In-Plane Buckling Braces
Authors: Tsai Ching-Yi , Tsai Keh-Chyuan , Lin Pao-Chun , Ao Wai-Hang , Roeder Charles W. , Mahin Stephen A. , Lin Chih-Han , Yu Yi-Jer , Wang Kung-Juin , Wu An-Chien , Chen Jia-Chian , Lin Te-Hung
Published: September 2013

This research investigates the brace-to-gusset connection designs to allow the braces buckle in the plane (IP) of the frame. In order to study the performance of the IP buckling brace connections with different design details, five 3,026 mm–long A36 H 175 × 175 × 7.5 × 11 mm braces were tested using cyclically increasing axial displacements. All specimens failed at an average axial strain less than 0.025 due to the brace fracture at the mid-length where severe local buckling had occurred. Pseudo-dynamic tests on a three-story special concentrically braced frame (SCBF) using the proposed brace end connection details for six A36 H 150 × 150 × 7 × 10 mm braces were conducted using the PGA = 597 cm/s2 LA03 record to confirm with the component tests. The knife plates and IP buckling braces sustained a peak 0.049 rad interstory drift under the design base earthquake without fracture. The highly nonlinear responses were satisfactorily predicted by OpenSees. Recommendations on the seismic design of the IP buckling brace connections are provided.
Influence of Vertical Ground Motions on the Seismic Fragility Modeling of a Bridge-Soil-Foundation System
Authors: Wang Zhenghua , Padgett Jamie E. , Dueñas-Osorio Leonardo
Published: September 2013

This paper explores the effects of vertical ground motions (VGMs) on the component fragility of a coupled bridged-soil-foundation (CBSF) system with liquefaction potential, and highlights the unique considerations on the demand and capacity model required for fragility analysis under VGMs. Optimal intensity measures (IMs) that account for VGMs are identified. Moreover, fragility curves that consider capacity change with fluctuating axial force are derived. Results show that the presence of VGMs has a minor effect on the failure probabilities of piles and expansion bearings, while it has a great influence on fixed bearings. Whether VGMs have an impact on column fragilities depends on the design axial load ratio. Finally, more accurate fragility surfaces are derived, which are compared with results of conventional fragility curves. This study highlights the important role that VGMs play in the selection of optimal IMs, and the capacity and fragility representation of certain components of CBSF systems.
A role for the Golgi matrix protein giantin in ciliogenesis through control of the localization of dynein-2
Authors: Asante David , MacCarthy-Morrogh Lucy , Townley Anna K. , Weiss Matthew A , Katayama Kentaro , Palmer Krysten J. , Suzuki Hiroetsu , Westlake Chris , Stephens David J.
Published: September 2013

The correct formation of primary cilia is central to the development and function of nearly all cells and tissues. Cilia grow from the mother centriole by extension of a microtubule core, the axoneme, which is then surrounded with a specialized ciliary membrane that is continuous with the plasma membrane. Intraflagellar transport moves particles along the length of the axoneme to direct assembly of the cilium and is also required for proper cilia function. The microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein-2 mediates retrograde transport along the axoneme from the tip to the base; dynein-2 is also required for some aspects of cilia formation. In most cells, the Golgi lies adjacent to the centrioles and key components of the cilia machinery localize to this organelle. Golgi-localized proteins have also been implicated in ciliogenesis and in intraflagellar transport. Here, we show that the transmembrane Golgi matrix protein giantin (GOLGB1) is required for ciliogenesis. We show that giantin is not required for the Rab11-Rabin8-Rab8 pathway that has been implicated in the early stages of ciliary membrane formation. Instead we find that suppression of giantin results in mis-localization of the intermediate chain of dynein-2, WDR34. Highly effective depletion of giantin or WDR34 leads to an inability of cells to form primary cilia. Partial depletion of giantin, or of WDR34, leads to an increase in cilia length consistent with the concept that giantin acts through dynein-2. Our data implicate giantin in ciliogenesis through control of dynein-2 localization.
Activity-dependent secretion of progranulin from synapses
Authors: Petoukhov Eugenia , Fernando Sarah , Mills Fergil , Shivji Farhan , Hunter Diana , Krieger Charles , Silverman Michael A. , Bamji Shernaz X.
Published: September 2013

The secreted growth factor progranulin (PGRN) has been shown to be important for regulating neuronal survival and outgrowth, as well as synapse formation and function. Mutations in the PGRN gene that result in PGRN haploinsufficiency have been identified as a major cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we demonstrate that PGRN is colocalized with dense-core vesicle markers and is co-transported with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) within axons and dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons in both anterograde and retrograde directions. We also show that PGRN is secreted in an activity-dependent manner from synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, and that the temporal profiles of secretion are distinct in axons and dendrites. Neuronal activity is also shown to increase the recruitment of PGRN to synapses and to enhance the density of PGRN clusters along axons. Finally, treatment of neurons with recombinant PGRN is shown to increase synapse density, while decreasing the size of the presynaptic compartment and specifically the number of synaptic vesicles per synapse. Together, this indicates that activity-dependent secretion of PGRN can regulate synapse number and structure.
Drosophila Importin-7 functions upstream of the Elmo signaling module to mediate the formation and stability of muscle attachments
Authors: Liu Ze Cindy , Odell Nadia , Geisbrecht Erika R.
Published: September 2013

Establishment and maintenance of stable muscle attachments is essential for coordinated body movement. Studies in Drosophila have pioneered a molecular understanding of the morphological events in the conserved process of muscle attachment formation, including myofiber migration, muscle-tendon signaling, and stable junctional adhesion between muscle cells and their corresponding target insertion sites. In both Drosophila and vertebrate models, integrin complexes play a key role in the biogenesis and stability of muscle attachments through the interactions of integrins with extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. We show that Drosophila Importin7 (Dim7) is an upstream regulator of the conserved Elmo-Mbc→Rac signaling pathway in the formation of embryonic muscle attachment sites (MASs). Dim7 is encoded by the moleskin (msk) locus and was identified as an Elmo-interacting protein. Both Dim7 and Elmo localize to the ends of myofibers coincident with the timing of muscle-tendon attachment in late myogenesis. Phenotypic analysis of elmo mutants reveal muscle attachment defects similar to that previously described for integrin mutants. Furthermore, Elmo and Dim7 interact both biochemically and genetically in the developing musculature. The muscle detachment phenotype resulting from mutations in the msk locus can be rescued by components in the Elmo-signaling pathway, including the Elmo-Mbc complex, an activated Elmo variant, or a constitutively active form of Rac. In larval muscles, the localization of Dim7 and activated Elmo to the sites of muscle attachment is attenuated upon RNAi knockdown of integrin heterodimer complex components. Our results show that integrins function as upstream signals to mediate Dim7-Elmo enrichment to the MASs.
Hepatic biliary epithelial cells acquire epithelial integrity but lose plasticity to differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro during development
Authors: Tanimizu Naoki , Nakamura Yukio , Ichinohe Norihisa , Mizuguchi Toru , Hirata Koichi , Mitaka Toshihiro
Published: September 2013

In developing organs, epithelial tissue structures are mostly developed by perinatal period. However, it is unknown whether epithelial cells are already functionally matured and whether they are fixed in their lineage. Here we show that epithelial cells alter plasticity during postnatal development by examining differentiation potential of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)+ cholangiocytes (biliary epithelial cells) isolated from neonatal and adult mouse livers. We found that neonatal cholangiocytes isolated from 1-week-old liver converted into functional hepatocytes in the presence of oncostatin M and Matrigel®. On the other hand, neither morphological changes nor expression of hepatocyte markers were induced in adult cholangiocytes. The transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), which are necessary for hepatocytic differentiation, were induced in neonatal cholangiocytes but not in adult cells, whereas grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) and hairy-enhance of slit 1 (Hes1), which are implicated in cholangiocyte differentiation, were continuously expressed in adult cells. Overexpression of C/EBPα and Grhl2 promoted and inhibited hepatocytic differentiation, respectively. Furthermore, adult cholangiocytes formed a monolayer with higher barrier function than neonatal ones did, suggesting that cholangiocytes are still on the process of epithelial maturation even after forming tubular structures at neonatal period. Taken together, we considered that cholangiocytes lose plasticity to convert into hepatocytes during epithelial maturation. They lose competency to upregulate hepatocytic transcription factors and downregulate cholagiocytic ones under conditions inducing hepatocytic differentiation. Our results suggest that a molecular machinery augmenting epithelial integrity limits lineage plasticity of epithelial cells (243 words).
A new kind of membrane-tethered eukaryotic transcription factor that shares an auto-proteolytic processing mechanism with bacteriophage tail-spike proteins
Authors: Senoo Hiroshi , Araki Tsuyoshi , Fukuzawa Masashi , Williams Jeffrey G.
Published: September 2013

MrfA, a transcription factor that regulates Dictyostelium prestalk cell differentiation, is an orthologue of the animal Myelin-gene Regulatory Factor (MRF) proteins. We show that the MRFs contain a predicted trans-membrane domain, suggesting that they are synthesized as membrane-tethered proteins that are then proteolytically released. We confirm this for MrfA but report a radically different mode of processing from that of paradigmatic tethered transcriptional regulators; which are cleaved within the trans-membrane domain by a dedicated protease. Instead an auto-proteolytic cleavage mechanism, previously only described for the intramolecular chaperone domains of bacteriophage tail-spike proteins, processes MrfA and, by implication, the metazoan MRF proteins. We also present evidence that the auto-proteolysis of MrfA occurs rapidly and constitutively in the ER and that its specific role in prestalk cell differentiation is conferred by the regulated nuclear translocation of the liberated fragment.
Flotillin micro-domains stabilize Cadherins at cell-cell junctions
Authors: Guillaume Emilie , Comunale Franck , Do Khoa Nam , Planchon Damien , Bodin Stéphane , Gauthier-Rouvière Cécile
Published: September 2013

Cadherins are essential in many fundamental processes and assemble at regions of cell-cell contact in large macromolecular complexes named adherens junctions. Here, we identified Flotillin 1 and 2 as new partners of the Cadherin complexes. We show that Flotillins are localized at cell-cell junctions (CCJ) in a Cadherin-dependent manner. Flotillins and Cadherins are constitutively associated at the plasma membrane and their colocalization at CCJ increases with CCJ maturation. Using 3D-SIM super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate that Cadherins and Flotillins complexes are associated with F-actin bundles at CCJ. The knockdown of Flotillins dramatically affected N- and E-cadherin recruitment at CCJ in mesenchymal and epithelial cell types and perturbed CCJ integrity and functionality. Moreover, we show that Flotillins are required for Cadherin association with GM1-containing plasma membrane micro-domains. This allows p120 Catenin binding to the Cadherin complex and its stabilization at CCJ. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Flotillin micro-domains are required for Cadherin stabilization at CCJ and for the formation of functional CCJ.
The nebulin SH3 domain is dispensable for normal skeletal muscle structure but is required for effective active load bearing in mouse
Authors: Yamamoto Daniel L. , Vitiello Carmen , Zhang Jianlin , Gokhin David S. , Castaldi Alessandra , Coulis Gerald , Piaser Fabio , Filomena Maria Carmela , Eggenhuizen Peter J. , Kunderfranco Paolo , Camerini Serena , Takano Kazunori , Endo Takeshi , Crescenzi Marco , Luther Pradeep , Lieber Richard L. , Chen Ju , Bang Marie-Louise
Published: September 2013

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a congenital myopathy with an estimated incidence of 1∶50.000 live births, caused by mutations in thin filament components, including nebulin, accounting for about 50% of the cases. The identification of NM cases with nonsense mutations resulting in loss of the extreme C-terminal SH3 domain of nebulin suggests an important role of the nebulin SH3 domain, which is further supported by the recent demonstration of its role in IGF-1-induced sarcomeric actin filament formation through targeting of N-WASP to the Z-line. To provide further insights into the functional significance of the nebulin SH3 domain in the Z-disk and understand the mechanisms by which truncations of nebulin lead to NM, we took two approaches: 1) an affinity-based proteomic screening to identify novel interaction partners of the nebulin SH3 domain; and 2) generation and characterization of a novel knock-in mouse model with a premature stop codon in the nebulin gene, eliminating its C-terminal SH3 domain (NebΔSH3 mouse). Surprisingly, detailed analyses of NebΔSH3 mice revealed no structural or histological skeletal muscle abnormalities and no changes in gene expression or localization of interaction partners of the nebulin SH3 domain, including myopalladin, palladin, zyxin, and N-WASP. Also, no significant effect on peak isometric stress production, passive tensile stress, or Young's modulus was found. However, NebΔSH3 muscle displayed a slightly altered force-frequency relationship and was significantly more susceptible to eccentric contraction-induced injury, suggesting that the nebulin SH3 domain plays a role in bearing high active stress and perhaps in fine-tuning the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism.
taxize: taxonomic search and retrieval in R
Authors: Chamberlain Scott A. , Szöcs Eduard
Published: September 2013

All species are hierarchically related to one another, and we use taxonomic names to label the nodes in this hierarchy. Taxonomic data is becoming increasingly available on the web, but scientists need a way to access it in a programmatic fashion that’s easy and reproducible. We have developed taxize, an open-source software package (freely available from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/taxize/index.html) for the R language. taxize provides simple, programmatic access to taxonomic data for 13 data sources around the web. We discuss the need for a taxonomic toolbelt in R, and outline a suite of use cases for which taxize is ideally suited (including a full workflow as an appendix). The taxize package facilitates open and reproducible science by allowing taxonomic data collection to be done in the open-source R platform.
Simulation Logic
Authors: Allwein Gerard , Harrison William L. , Andrews David
Published: September 2013

Simulation relations have been discovered in many areas: Computer Science, philosophical and modal logic, and set theory. However, the simulation condition is strictly a first-order logic statement. We extend modal logic with modalities and axioms, the latter’s modeling conditions are the simulation conditions. The modalities are normal, i.e., commute with either conjunctions or disjunctions and preserve either Truth or Falsity (respectively). The simulations are considered arrows in a category where the objects are descriptive, general frames. One can augment the simulation modalities by axioms for requiring the underlying modeling simulations to be bisimulations or to be p-morphisms. The modal systems presented are multi-sorted and both sound and complete with respect to their algebraic and Kripke semantics.
Powerset residuated algebras
Authors: Kołowska-Gawiejnowicz Mirosława
Published: September 2013

We present an algebraic approach to canonical embeddings of arbitrary residuated algebras into powerset residuated algebras. We propose some construction of powerset residuated algebras and prove a representation theorem for symmetric residuated algebras.
Ambition Is Nothing Without Focus: Compensating for Negative Transfer of Experience in R&D
Authors: Ghosh Anindya , Martin Xavier , Pennings Johannes M. , Wezel Filippo Carlo
Published: September 2013

Organizations create high-impact inventions when they combine disparate strands of technology in their corporate research and development. We theorize that when undertaking complex inventive search characterized by high breadth, i.e., drawing on multiple diverse technology components, an organization’s propensity toward high-impact inventions depends on its stock of experience with recombining such components and on the focus of its inventive search. Building on learning transfer theory, we argue that the complexity and causal ambiguity of higher-breadth projects is such that experience with similar inventive search will be a poorer guide, comparatively reducing their inventive impact; however, this negative effect can be attenuated by the degree of focus of an organization’s contemporaneous inventive search. Using a longitudinal data set of patents from the photographic imaging industry, we find support for our predictions.
Under Construction: How Commensuration and Management Fashion Affect Corporate Reputation Rankings
Authors: Bermiss Y. Sekou , Zajac Edward J. , King Brayden G
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzes the antecedents of corporate reputation as a dynamic commensuration process in which management fashions influence audiences as they attempt to quantify corporate reputation. Using the context of Fortune reputation rankings over multiple decades, we find evidence consistent with our hypotheses that when asked to quantify corporate reputation, audiences rely heavily on traditional as well as emerging nontraditional measures of financial performance as they become more fashionable indicators of superior financial performance. However, audiences have recently begun to assess companies’ reputations based on indicators of social performance. We also examine how audience attention to these indicators is itself influenced by business press discourse.
If These Walls Could Talk: The Mutual Construction of Organizational Space and Legitimacy
Authors: de Vaujany François-Xavier , Vaast Emmanuelle
Published: September 2013

Organizational spaces project claims of organizational legitimacy while also constituting physical environments where work happens. This research questions how organizational space and legitimacy are mutually constituted over time as organizations experience shifts in work and institutional demands.

Building on a qualitative case study of Paris Dauphine University, a French university founded in the late 1960s that has, since its inception, occupied the former North Atlantic Treaty Organization headquarters, we theorize the dynamic intersection of organizational space and legitimacy over time. The case study demonstrates how spatial practices of appropriation, reappropriation, and disappropriation intersect with and inform what we call “spatial legacies” that function to establish or repair an alignment between organizational space and legitimacy. Spatial practices of appropriation and reappropriation build and manipulate spatial legacies, whereas spatial practices of disappropriation attempt to break away from such legacies. Appropriation and reappropriation involve managing spatial legacies to maintain the alignment between organizational space and legitimacy claims. Disappropriation involves trying to erase or alter these legacies to realign the space to changing legitimacy claims. This research adds to the literature on sociomateriality by adopting a longitudinal perspective that highlights legacies as nondeterministic outcomes of past imbrications of the social and the material, to research on legitimacy by conceptualizing it as a sociomaterial construction, and to research on organizational spaces by revealing the institutional underpinnings of spatial transformations. This research also holds practical implications by highlighting the relationships between space as it is designed and used and an organization’s legitimacy claims and by showing how claiming the immutability or flexibility of a space can be legitimizing for an organization.
Competitive Behavior and Nonfinancial Objectives: Entry, Exit, and Pricing Decisions in Closely Held Firms
Authors: McCann Brian T. , Vroom Govert
Published: September 2013

Because of the predominance of the assumption of profit maximization as the goal of the firm and its decision makers, especially in the competitive strategy literature, research has yet to investigate how differences in objectives might influence competitive actions such as entry, exit, and pricing decisions. This represents an important gap in the literature given the fundamental role of objectives in decision making and widespread evidence that many firms, especially those that are closely held, are motivated by nonfinancial objectives in addition to an interest in financial returns. To further our understanding of firms’ competitive strategy decisions, we discuss how the presence of nonfinancial objectives in closely held firms leads to a weakening of the relationship between economic indications of profitability and competitive behaviors. Using a unique data set of nearly 4,000 closely held and non-closely held establishments engaged in local competition in the Texas hotel industry, we find that the entry, exit, and pricing decisions of closely held establishments are less responsive to economic indicators of profit potential compared with decisions of non-closely held establishments.
Amiodarone-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Nilotinib-Associated Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke; Pisa Syndrome Caused by Paliperidone; Macroglossia Associated with Methylprednisolone; Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced “Male Pattern Baldness” in Women? Acute Liver Failure Due to Etodolac
Authors: Mancano Michael A.
Published: September 2013

The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers.
Approvals, Submission, and Important Labeling Changes for US Marketed Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: September 2013

This monthly feature will help readers keep current on new drugs, new indications, dosage forms, and safety-related changes in labeling or use. Efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this information; however, if there are any questions, please let me know at bakerdan@wsu.edu .
Profiles in Leadership: Clifton J. Latiolais, MSc, DSc
Authors: White Sara , Godwin Harold N. , Weber Robert J.
Published: September 2013

The Director's Forum series is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. August 2013 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Mirror to Hospital Pharmacy, which was a comprehensive study of pharmacy services in the United States. The late Clifton J. Latiolais, MS, DSc, served as the assistant program director for the study and was a co-author of the Mirror. The late Don E. Francke, MS, DSc, was the lead author of the Mirror and the principal investigator of the federally funded study that reviewed hospital pharmacy services across the United States. The next 2 articles in Director's Forum profile the leadership of Drs. Latiolais and Francke. This article highlights Dr. Latiolais (“Clif”) by briefly reviewing his biography and key career accomplishments, describing his leadership philosophy, and translating that philosophy to today's health care challenges. Clif's influence on health system pharmacy serves as an example of effective leadership. This historical perspective on Clif's leadership, as seen through the eyes of those who knew him, provides directors of pharmacy a valuable leadership viewpoint as they develop strategies to enhance patient-centered pharmacy services.
Take Two Apps and Call Me in the Morning
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: September 2013

The pace of change in the world of information technology is remarkable at times. The role of the smartphone has rapidly been evolving into that of a health care tool, which has a variety of uses for providers and patients. In this installment, we provide our perspectives on the role of the smartphone and its associated apps.
Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention of Medication Errors in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: May Sondra K. , Park Sylvia
Published: September 2013

Background

Patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are some of the most complex patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). With medication therapy accounting for the majority of treatments they receive, their risk for adverse events due to medication error is increased. Nurses and pharmacists can play a crucial role in improving patient safety in the ICU.

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to review known risk factors for medication error when caring for patients with SAH and present strategies for consideration by nurses and pharmacists for their prevention.

Methods

Patient safety literature was reviewed to identify best practice recommendations for reducing adverse drug events related to medication errors in this high-risk population.

Results

Risk factors specific to the critical care environment, the patient being cared for, and the medications utilized were defined. Strategies for error prevention that include creating a culture of safety, employing a team-based approach to care, utilizing technology, and implementing principles of safe medication practice were outlined. The specific roles of pharmacists and nurses in improving patient safety were reviewed with emphasis on implementation of key safety principles.

Conclusion

Medication errors in the ICU are frequent, serious, and preventable. When organizations and health care providers appreciate the risk factors for adverse drug events following the diagnosis of SAH, they can work together to improve patient outcomes by creating a culture that identifies, intercepts, and corrects medication errors.
Circulating Fetal Cell-Free DNA Fractions Differ in Autosomal Aneuploidies and Monosomy X
Authors: Rava Richard P , Srinivasan Anupama , Sehnert Amy J , Bianchi Diana W
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND

Noninvasive prenatal testing based on massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma has become rapidly integrated into clinical practice for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidy. We directly determined the fetal fraction (FF) from results obtained with MPS tag counting and examined the relationships of FF to such biological parameters as fetal karyotype and maternal demographics.

METHODS

FF was determined from samples previously collected for the MELISSA (Maternal Blood Is Source to Accurately Diagnose Fetal Aneuploidy) study. Samples were resequenced, analyzed blindly, and aligned to the human genome (assembly hg19). FF was calculated in pregnancies with male or aneuploid fetuses by means of an equation that incorporated the ratio of the tags in these samples to those of a euploid training set.

RESULTS

The mean (SD) FF from euploid male pregnancies was 0.126 (0.052) (n = 160). Weak but statistically significant correlations were found between FF and the maternal body mass index (r2 = 0.18; P = 2.3 × 10−8) and between FF and gestational age (r2 = 0.02; P = 0.047). No relationship with maternal ethnicity or age was observed. Mean FF values for trisomies 21 (n = 90), 18 (n = 38), and 13 (n = 16) and for monosomy X (n = 20) were 0.135 (0.051), 0.089 (0.039), 0.090 (0.062), and 0.106 (0.045), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

MPS tag-count data can be used to determine FF directly and accurately. Compared with male euploid fetuses, the FF is higher in maternal plasma when the fetus has trisomy 21 and is lower when the fetus has trisomy 18, 13, or monosomy X. The different biologies of these aneuploidies have practical implications for the determination of cutoff values, which in turn will affect the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the test.
45th Antalya Golden Orange and 4th International Eurasia Film Festivals (Oct. 10-20, 2008)
Authors: Dönmez-Colin Gönül
Published: September 2013

The winning actresses of the last year decorating its hefty catalogues, the national Golden Orange and the International Eurasia Film Festivals of Antalya on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey kicked off with a rich and rewarding program. On the home turf, it was an exciting year that showcased new styles from old masters, stylistic works of the representatives of the "new Turkish cinema," as well as daring and not so daring first attempts. Erden K1ral, who was instrumental in introducing Turkish cinema to the Western world in the 1980s, with remarkable social realist films such as Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde / On Fertile Lands (1979) and Hakkari'de Bir Mevsim / A Season in Hakkari (1983), tried his hand in a fantasy melodrama called Vicdan / Conscience that started as a social commentary about women working in a brick factory but swiftly moved on to a love triangle resulting in murder with a dose of lesbianism thrown in.
Animation and narrative in videogames: A case study – Looney Tunes: Acme Arsenal
Authors: Velikovsky J. T.
Published: September 2013

This article explains the story behind and some of the creative processes involved in game designing and writing the million-seller PlayStation2, Wii and XBox360 videogame Looney Tunes: Acme Arsenal (Warner Bros, 2007) with a focus on the animation influences on the game narrative, as derived from classic Warner Bros Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cel-animated shorts cartoons from the 1930’s to 1950’s.
The ecological approach to visual perception and the actor performance captured in the gaming landscape
Authors: Delbridge Matt
Published: September 2013

The use of Performance Capture techniques in the creation of games that involve Motion Capture is a relatively new phenomenon. To date, there is no prescribed methodology that prepares actors for the rigours of this new industry and as such there are many questions to be answered around how actors navigate these environments successfully when all available training and theoretical material is focused on performance for theatre and film. This article proposes that through a deployment of an ecological approach to visual perception we may begin to chart this territory for actors and begin to contend with the demands of performing for the motion captured gaming scenario.
A new system for stop motion camera movements
Authors: Saini Laura , Albrecht Gudrun , Lissarrague Nicolas , Romani Lucia
Published: September 2013

This article presents a new system that allows the creation of realistic camera movements for a stop motion animation. The system improves traditional 3D software animation programs (e.g. Maya and 3D Studio Max) for creating stop motion camera movements by using a haptic interface. We describe the whole system and explain in detail the mathematical processing to obtain different camera movements by using a haptic interface for motion capture. The recorded haptic positions, once elaborated, are exported, frame by frame, to the motion control software, which calibrates the motion control robot, controls the camera settings and, finally, executes the sequences. A class of students of the ‘Art plastiques et Création numérique’ Master of the University of Valenciennes evaluated the system.
Visual writing: Thicken time, transform and dissolve text
Authors: Ashworth Joan
Published: September 2013

This article maps the development of visual writing as a fusion of creative writing, script writing and story visualization to assist in the process of translating thought into animated moving images and sound. The article is based on two keynote lectures I have given in Taipai, Taiwan at the Fermentation in Design conference, December 2011, Shih Chien University and at the CICAF Education Forum, Hangzhou, China 2012 and draws together findings and observations so far. The article describes workshops and ideas on visual writing developed in the Animation Programme at the Royal College of Art with the writing expertise of Booker nominated Deborah Levy and writer/illustrator/musician Peter Blegvad. The paper draws on the work of a number of artists and film-makers who naturally use these processes in their practice. Artists included are William Kentridge, Grayson Perry, Michaela Pavlatova and Jan Svankmajer.
Where do cinematic ideas come from?
Authors: Martin Adrian
Published: September 2013

This essay explores the concept of a cinematic idea. How does it originate, and how can it shape, on every level, the construction of a film? Making special reference to filmmakers’ documents (as an instance of genetic criticism), the essay offers a case study of Leos Carax’s Holy Motors.
Joe Sarno and historiography: Some thoughts on The Sarnos: A Life in Dirty Movies
Authors: Larsson Mariah
Published: September 2013

The recent Swedish documentary The Sarnos: A Life in Dirty Movies (Eriksson, 2013) evokes questions about historiography and nationality. This article discusses the documentary’s focus on Joe Sarno’s reluctance to do hardcore, on his wife, Peggy, as well as the couple’s relationship to Sweden.
Rural intentions: Sexuality in Danish homeland cinema
Authors: Hartvigson Niels Henrik
Published: September 2013

This article focuses on the central importance of issues of sexuality, gender and the body in Danish homeland cinema. It demonstrates how the characters’ physical and emotional bond with the land and the livestock has a significant physical component which, considered in connection with a libidinal crisis of the films’ young couples, may be taken to harbour a sexual potential. Many of the films illustrate crises of procreative heterosexuality that threaten the rural heritage. The article posits marked sexual overtones in the aesthetic interdependence of virtue and villainy and the way moral encounters are staged. Sexually aggressive characters who threaten a passive couple may function as necessary sexual activators. Likewise, natural forces that provoke intense physical and emotional reactions are examined for their sexual associations. Apart from dangerous forces and characters, homeland cinema features many positively portrayed queer characters and relationships, which include male homoerotic relationships involving the hero.
Between the two shores of the deep blue sea: Crossing the Baltic on the Scandinavian screen
Authors: Mrozewicz Anna Estera
Published: September 2013

The article discusses three feature films produced in Denmark and Sweden in the 1990s: Kajs fødselsdag/The Birthday Trip (Scherfig, 1990), Torsk på Tallinn/Screwed in Tallinn (Alfredson, 1999) and You Can’t Eat Fishing (Windfeld, 1999). All of them, applying various genre conventions, take up the subject of encounters between Scandinavians and ‘East Europeans’ from neighbouring countries. The point of departure for the analysis is the notion of the ‘periphery’, understood as a culturally constructed and relative concept. As the analysis demonstrates, the binary centre/periphery relation is challenged in the films through an active reflection on their own cultures. A recurring motif is the critique of the Scandinavian welfare state and its consequences for the individual, which can be perceived as a particularly Scandinavian feature of the films that highlight neighbouring ex-communist countries.
Existential hunger: Henning Carlsen’s Sult
Authors: Koscielski Kamil
Published: September 2013

The aim of this Student short subject is to establish that Henning Carlsen in Sult/Hunger (1966) attempts to express the emotional state and mental condition of the protagonist and thereby continues the tendency of the European cinema to transcend the limitations of the film medium.
Healthful Food Decision Making in Response to Traffic Light Color-Coded Nutrition Labeling
Authors: Koenigstorfer Joerg , Groeppel-Klein Andrea , Kamm Friederike
Published: September 2013

This article investigates whether traffic light color-coded nutrition information helps low- (vs. high-) self-control consumers make more healthful food choices within a given product category. Two in-store lab studies assess the effects of traffic light colors. The colors indicate low (green), medium (amber), and high (red) levels of four negative food nutrients (sugar, fat, saturated fat, and salt). The color-coding was implemented on nutrition labeling schemes shown on the front of actual food packages (pasta meals in Study 1; cereal bars in Study 2). Consumers with low self-control to resist food temptations, but not those with high self-control, make more healthful food choices in response to the color-coded labeling. The behavior is congruent with their long-term goals of controlling their food choices and is evident when traffic light colors vary between both nutrients and products (Study 1) and when traffic light colors vary between nutrients but not products (Study 2). The authors derive theoretical implications and draw conclusions from the perspectives of public policy, retailing, and manufacturers.
Effect of fiber modification with 3-isopropenyl-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI) on the mechanical properties and water absorption of hemp-unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites
Authors: Liu Wendi , Chen Tingting , Qiu Renhui
Published: September 2013

Hemp fibers were modified with 3-isopropenyl-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI), in presence of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBT) as a catalyst. Then reinforced hemp-unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites were prepared with modified fibers by means of hand lay-up compression molding. The fiber treatments significantly increased the tensile strength (TS), flexural strength (FS), and water resistance of the resulting composites, while their flexural modulus (FM) was not influenced. The tensile-fractured surfaces of the composites were observed by SEM and the images revealed that fiber treatments significantly improved the interfacial adhesion between hemp fibers and UPE resins. FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the treated-fibers were partly covalently bound to TMI.
Knowledge and Perceptions of HIV/AIDS among Cameroonian Nursing Students
Authors: Diesel Holly , Ercole Patrick , Taliaferro Donna
Published: September 2013

The HIV/AIDS pandemic impacts people throughout the world and is complicated by fear, prejudice, and stigma. Nurses play a major role in the health care delivery systems, yet in many parts of the world with high HIV sero-prevalence rates, nurses lack sufficient training and education to provide care to patients with HIV/AIDS. In an effort to build capacity and improve knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding care of patients with HIV/AIDS, a 4-day workshop was provided by American nursing students for Cameroonian nursing students. The training program included HIV epidemiology, disease management, and natural course of the disease, testing, legal and ethical issues, and infection control practices. Pre- and post-test scores were calculated using a series of surveys that measured HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Results indicated that these measures of HIV-related perceptions improved due to the train-the-trainer workshop.
Human Cortical θ during Free Exploration Encodes Space and Predicts Subsequent Memory
Authors: Snider Joseph , Plank Markus , Lynch Gary , Halgren Eric , Poizner Howard
Published: September 2013

Spatial representations and walking speed in rodents are consistently related to the phase, frequency, and/or amplitude of θ rhythms in hippocampal local field potentials. However, neuropsychological studies in humans have emphasized the importance of parietal cortex for spatial navigation, and efforts to identify the electrophysiological signs of spatial navigation in humans have been stymied by the difficulty of recording during free exploration of complex environments. We resolved the recording problem and experimentally probed brain activity of human participants who were fully ambulant. On each of 2 d, electroencephalography was synchronized with head and body movement in 13 subjects freely navigating an extended virtual environment containing numerous unique objects. θ phase and amplitude recorded over parietal cortex were consistent when subjects walked through a particular spatial separation at widely separated times. This spatial displacement θ autocorrelation (STAcc) was quantified and found to be significant from 2 to 8 Hz within the environment. Similar autocorrelation analyses performed on an electrooculographic channel, used to measure eye movements, showed no significant spatial autocorrelations, ruling out eye movements as the source of STAcc. Strikingly, the strength of an individual's STAcc maps from day 1 significantly predicted object location recall success on day 2. θ was also significantly correlated with walking speed; however, this correlation appeared unrelated to STAcc and did not predict memory performance. This is the first demonstration of memory-related, spatial maps in humans generated during active spatial exploration.
Contribution of Macrophages to Enhanced Regenerative Capacity of Dorsal Root Ganglia Sensory Neurons by Conditioning Injury
Authors: Kwon Min Jung , Kim Jinha , Shin Haeyoung , Jeong Soo Ryeong , Kang Young Mi , Choi Jun Young , Hwang Dong Hoon , Kim Byung Gon
Published: September 2013

Although the central branches of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons do not spontaneously regenerate, a conditioning peripheral injury can promote their regeneration. A potential role of macrophages in axonal regeneration was proposed, but it has not been critically addressed whether macrophages play an essential role in the conditioning injury model. After sciatic nerve injury (SNI) in rats, the number of macrophages in DRGs gradually increased by day 7. The increase persisted up to 28 d and was accompanied by upregulation of inflammatory mediators, including oncomodulin. A macrophage deactivator, minocycline, reduced the macrophage number and expressions of the inflammatory mediators. Molecular signatures of conditioning effects were abrogated by minocycline, and enhanced regenerative capacity was substantially attenuated bothin vitroandin vivo. Delayed minocycline infusion abrogated the SNI-induced long-lasting heightened neurite outgrowth potential, indicating a role for macrophages in the maintenance of regenerative capacity. Intraganglionic cAMP injection also resulted in an increase in macrophages, and minocycline abolished the cAMP effect on neurite outgrowth. However, conditioned media (CM) from macrophages treated with cAMP did not exhibit neurite growth-promoting activity. In contrast, CM from neuron–macrophage cocultures treated with cAMP promoted neurite outgrowth greatly, highlighting a requirement for neuron–macrophage interactions for the induction of a proregenerative macrophage phenotype. The growth-promoting activity in the CM was profoundly attenuated by an oncomodulin neutralizing antibody. These results suggest that the neuron–macrophage interactions involved in eliciting a proregenerative phenotype in macrophages may be a novel target to induce long-lasting regenerative processes after axonal injuries in the CNS.