bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Customers’ Adoption of Mobile Banking in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Prasad Aryal Narayan , Bahadur Hamal Janga , Kumar Singh Gobind
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This paper assesses the determinants of customers’ adoption of mobile banking in Nepal, employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework.
Design/methodology/approach: The philosophy of positivism guided this study, adopted a quantitative approach, and applied deductive reasoning. The research utilized an explanatory research design to investigate the relationships of cause and effect between the variables. A survey was carried out among 193 participants from Nepalese commercial banks to collect data. The study’s population encompasses a diverse array of customers utilizing mobile banking services across commercial banks, with the sample comprising students and teachers associated with KUSOM. The study employed purposive sampling to ensure a robust and diverse sample, drawing from the most accessible segment of the population.
Findings: This study has identified several factors that significantly influence customer adoption behaviors, including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, service quality, trust, awareness, and perceived cost. The result exhibited thatperceived usefulness, ease of use, service quality, trust, and perceived cost positively and significantly affect the adoption of mobile banking. In contrast, perceived risk and perceived cost demonstrate negative impacts, while awareness shows insignificant impact on adoption of mobile banking.
Conclusion: The study reveals that Nepal’s mobile banking adoption faces challenges like distrust, perceived risks, and insufficient awareness, despite its potential for convenience and efficiency, emphasizing the need for enhanced communication, security, and user guidance.
Implications: This research provides actionable insights for banking institutions aiming to improve their mobile banking services and better serve the evolving needs of their customers in Nepal.
JEL Classification: G21, O33, D83, M15
Evaluasi penerapan belanja modal berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 12 Tahun 2019 di Pemerintah Kota Manado
Authors: Kambey Novel Hiskya , Runtu Treesje , Mawikere Lidia M.
Published: December 2024

Capital expenditure is defined as budget expenditure for the acquisition of fixed assets and other assets that provide benefits for more than one accounting period. The types of capital expenditure are as follows: land expenditure, equipment and machinery expenditure, building and construction expenditure, road, irrigation and network expenditure, other fixed asset expenditure, and other asset expenditure. This research evaluates the implementation of capital expenditure in the Manado City Government based on Government Regulation no. 12 of 2019 concerning Regional Financial Management. It uses a qualitative descriptive method, collecting data through interviews and documentation. The evaluation results show that the implementation of capital expenditure in the Manado City Government is in accordance with Government Regulation No. 12 of 2019.
The Impact of AI in Creating Writing Skills in English Language Learners
Authors:   English Language Unit, Preparatory Studies Center, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman., Eragamreddy Dr. NagaMurali
Published: December 2024

This study explores how undergraduate students' growth of their English writing skills is impacted by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This study addresses the key topic of whether AI-assisted writing instruction enhances undergraduate students' positive evaluations of the learning process, reduces anxiety, and improves writing skills as the significance of proficient academic writing grows. The study employed a mixed-methods design with two groups of fifteen University of Sebha, Libya students each: the experimental group and the control group In terms of method, data was obtained through pre and post-tests and writing examples that took place over 16 weeks. A control group made use of conventional approaches toward writing, while the experimental group used AI technologies during writing. The writing samples were qualitatively scored by expert raters while statistically comparing the test scores. In addition, the experimental group showed improvement in writing quality, grammatical complexity, and vocabulary. These findings confirm the positive effect of AI on writing skills. AI-assisted education enhances writing skills, increases confidence, and decreases anxiety. These findings suggest that using AI in writing classes can effectively aid language acquisition, benefiting teachers and curriculum developers.
An Analysis of the Effect of Macroeconomics Variables on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Economics Capital City University Kano, Ibrahim Haladum Adahama , Salisu Ali ,   Bayero University Kano Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Alabbas Mahmut ,   Gaziantep University Türkiye Department of Economics
Published: December 2024

The prime objective of any country in the world is to achieve a steady growth in each macroeconomic variable such as exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate, money supply, price stability, balance of payment, unemployment rate, foreign direct investment etc. The study the examines the long-run asymmetric effect of macroeconomics variables on economic growth in Nigeria using quartly data from 2000Q1 to 2021Q4. The study employed nonlinear ARDL model. The Zivot-Andrew unit root test indicates that real gross domestic product, interest rate, exchange rate and crude oil price are integrated of order one in other words are stationary at first difference while inflation rate is integrated of order zero in other word it is stationary at level. The results of nonlinear ARDL model show that interest rate has a positive effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. The variable real exchange rate has a negative effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria, inflation rate has a negative effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria and crude oil price has a positive effect on the real gross domestic product in Nigeria. Therefore, the current study concludes that there exist an asymmetry effect in the long-run of macroeconomics variables such as interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, and crude oil price in the Nigerian economy. The study recommends that Nigerian government should endeavor to bring macroeconomics variables such as interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate and crude oil price under control in order to boast the economic growth by managing interest rate to its lowest level, stabilizing forex market in a way that the Nigerian currency will not depreciate and increase the production of crude oil in order to the demand.
General Self-Efficacy: Predicting Students‟ Achievements in Open Distance Learning Environment
Authors: Dr. Naila Naseer  , Mujeebur Rahim  , Shams ul Haq
Published: December 2024

General self-efficacy, recognized as pivotal psychological factor which significantly impacts on personal success, broader life outcomes and academic performance. However, the bilateral relationship and prediction of open distance learners remain little explored. This study elucidates whether achievements of students in ODL environment are predicted through general self-efficacy. The current research recruited a sample of 1513 distance learners from all universities of Pakistan offering education and training through open distance learning mode. Participants underwent a standardized tool “General Self-Efficacy (GSE)” whose developers are Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995). Psychometric properties were verified by pilot testing and test-retest reliability. For the best comprehension of the participants, a translated version of tool was applied on them. In analyzing the results, high and low levels of general self-efficacy were correlated with high and low achievements. The results indicated positive relationships between general self-efficacy levels and achievements levels which were confirmed by prediction model.
Determinants of China's Oil Production: Review of Current Developments and Future Prospects
Authors: Iram Fatima  , Barkat Ullah  , Kashif Munir  , Muhammad Shahid  , Muhammad Rahat Abbas  , Muhammad Younis
Published: December 2024

Crude oil is a key tool for national financial expansion, and the persistence of fluctuations in crude oil prices has affected all aspects of the economy. In order to maximize its global oil production, China's rapid economic development has necessitated an increase in claim for crude oil and increased its requirement on imported oil. This paper uses a combination of regression analysis and a time series model to achieve greater accuracy. The consequences of the Johansen Cointegration Test demonstrate the existence of a long-term association among crude oil production, the CP index, crude oil prices and GDP Per Capita. After the co-integration of the variables, VEC Model was then applied and Parsimonious model was established. In addition, the multiple regression analysis also shows that there are significant linear relationships between crude oil output, the CPI index, international crude oil prices and GDP per capita which specify that the model is well fit to the information and therefore reliable for future predictions. Diagnostic test such as normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were performed and it was revealed that both OLS regression and VEC model did not suffer from a problem of first order autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. The OLS model shows that there is no problem of multicollinearity between the CPI index and Global crude oil values and this make the model not misleading and reliable. The satisfactory outcome of the diagnostic test which is also conformity to satisfaction of the basic underlying assumption show that the product is excellent, sturdy, and trustworthy.
Green Initiative and Digital Technology: Unraveling the Impact on Environmental Quality in Developing Countries
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Imran  , Shazia Khalid  , Sehrish Yasin  , Nazia Khalid  , Hasnain Aftab
Published: December 2024

Environmental quality in emerging countries is examined in this research in relation to eco-friendly initiatives, digital innovation, financial growth, economic expansion, and trade liberalization. The World Development Indicators provide a panel dataset of developing economies that spans the years 1990–2022. Dynamic panel data analysis makes use of the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) to account for possible dynamics in the dependent variable, unobservable heterogeneity, and endogeneity. Economic growth, green initiatives, and digital technology all have negative effects on environmental quality, whereas financial development, trade liberalization, and digital technology all have positive effects. This emphasizes the importance of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, implementing digital tools for managing resources and keeping an eye on the environment, and encouraging green investment via the banking system. Among the policy consequences is the need for low-income governments to promote green technology adoption, increase financing options for environmentally responsible investments, and ensure that international climate commitments and sustainable development goals are consistent with one another. In order to achieve long-term economic development, this research stresses the need of digitization and financial advances in enhancing environmental quality growth.
Evaluating Community Participation in Public Sector Disaster Resilience Initiatives in Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq Ahmad Jan  , Muhammad Kaleem  , Safi Ullah  , Noor Ul Huda  , Dr Dilkash Sapna
Published: December 2024

Disaster resilience initiatives in Pakistan's Swat region have been criticized for their limited effectiveness. This study explores the role of community participation in public sector disaster resilience initiatives, examining the intersections between participation, planning, and project implementation. Using a convergent parallel mixed-method research Approach, the study examines the experiences and perceptions of local communities regarding their involvement in disaster risk assessment, resilience planning, project formulation, and implementation. Results of the qualitative and quantitative data identify significant barriers to meaningful community engagement. The findings reveal significant gaps in community participation, characterized by top-down decision-making processes, limited stakeholder engagement, and inadequate representation of local needs. The findings highlight the need for participatory mechanisms, capacity-building initiatives, and contextualized planning to address the unique needs of Swat's communities. This study contributes to the understanding of community participation in disaster resilience and informs policy and practice reforms to promote inclusive and effective disaster management in Pakistan.
A Comparative Postcolonial Ecocritical Study of Selected African and South Asian Fiction
Authors: Dr. Mamona Yasmin Khan  , Saima Riaz
Published: December 2024

Postcolonial Eco criticism is one of the rapidly emerging fields in literaturewhich is gaining the attention of writers and research scholars due to its focus onenvironmental justice. This study aims to compare the selected novels to examine theenvironmental problems of Africa and South Asia and their link with neocolonialism.The researcher relies on Graham Huggan and Helen Tiffin’s (2010) framework ofPostcolonial Eco criticism for the analysis of the selected texts. The analysis, carriedout through textual analysis, revealed that the neocolonial economic activities of theWest are responsible for the environmental destruction of both postcolonial states.Moreover, the West through the use of different techniques such as the myth ofdevelopment and state vampirism, carries out its exploitation missions, leading to theenvironmental deterioration of these regions. The findings indicate that theenvironmental degradation caused by neocolonialism deeply affects the marginalizedindigenous people, leading to their displacement and loss of livelihood. This researchis significant for policymakers and environmentalists to advocate for equitable andinclusive environmental policies and developmental projects that do not come at thecost of the environment or the well-being of the indigenous people.
An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis of Health Indicators in Pakistan
Authors: Israr Ahmed  , Maiwand Khan  , Naseeb Ullah  , Noor Ahmed  , Waseem Haider
Published: December 2024

Pakistan exhibits significant spatial diversity in the distribution of its economic activities, accompanied by persistent regional disparities in various dimensions of health. This article aims to examine the distribution of health indices across 97 districts of Pakistan using exploratory spatial data analysis for the periods 2004-05 and 2014-15. To achieve this, an augmented health index was developed to measure health indicators across districts. The index comprises five key indicators, which were aggregated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to generate the final composite index. The findings reveal a positive global autocorrelation, indicating that districts with higher (or lower) health levels tend to be spatially clustered with neighboring districts exhibiting similar health outcomes. Scatterplot analyses of the health index reveal that districts in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) predominantly fall in the High-High (HH) quadrant, while districts in Interior Sindh and Baluchistan are concentrated in the Low-Low (LL) quadrant for both study periods. These results underscore the dual structure of Pakistan's economic geography, consistent with findings from prior studies. Given the importance of geographic disparities in health outcomes, it is recommended to address inter-district inequalities by strengthening social and economic institutions and infrastructure, particularly in Baluchistan and Interior Sindh.
Effects of Climate Change on Communities Living and Economic Structure of Indus Riverine Areas of Dera Ghazi Khan
Authors: Sharjeel Saleem  , Dr. Muhammad Ali Tarar  , Zona Khan
Published: December 2024

Climate change is the most important issue of the top current issues that the globe is experiencing. Climate change is the most significant and hazardous issue not just for Pakistan but globally as well. Pakistan is one of the underdeveloped nations in South Asia and is ranked among the five nations that have been worst affected by climate change. Climate change has severely influenced both the development of human lifestyles and existence, together with food scarcity, wildlife destruction, and risky meteorological conditions problems.  The objectives of the study were (1) to investigate the direct consequences of deforestation on the local ecosystem and (2) to examine how deforestation increases environmental changes. The study was delimited to people only in the Indus riverine areas in District Dera Ghazi Khan. All the people who are living in the Indus Riverine areas in District D.G. Khan served as the population of the study. A total sample size of 225 citizens was selected from District Dera Ghazi Khan. In the first stage, 3 Tehsils of District Dera Ghazi Khan e.g. (Dera Ghazi Khan, Kot Chutta, & Taunsa Shareef) were selected. In the second stage, 3 riverside union councils were selected from each Tehsil through a convenient sampling technique. In the third stage, 25 citizens were selected from each union council. Data was collected through an interview schedule and examined by ‘The Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ (SPSS). Obtained results indicate that climate change also happens in the community (99.1%), climate change decreases the local agricultural productivity (92.9%) and climate change has effect on the overall economic sustainability of the local community (95.5%). The bivariate analysis showed that more will be climate change vs less will be the agricultural productivity; less will the economic sustainability. So, all the hypothesis results are accepted after the analysis of the data.
Diplomacy and International Cooperation in ASEAN: An Analysis of Politics, Economy, and Law in Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore
Authors: Liang Ji
Published: December 2024

This article explores ASEAN's pivotal role in contemporary regional development and global change, focusing on politics, economics, and law in Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore. ASEAN, as a major actor in state studies, offers theoretical innovations rooted in abundant empirical material, with diverse strategic outlooks and potential interactions. This research seeks to understand how ASEAN, through an interdisciplinary approach, utilizes the existing resources in Southeast Asian studies and the advantages of multidisciplinarity to build a dynamic, distinctive, and autonomous ASEAN studies. The article also discusses how the construction of ASEAN studies not only responds to contemporary propositions from regional and national studies, but also promotes the enhancement of global knowledge systems through systematic learning, research, and application practices. In addition, it evaluates current opportunities and challenges in the political, economic, and legal contexts of the five ASEAN countries mentioned earlier. The ultimate goal of this research is to help build a community of shared future for humanity by consolidating the intellectual foundation of the ASEAN community for a shared future.
Short paper on the Open Science Dashboard for the Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin
Authors: Duine Maatje Sophia
Published: December 2024

In September 2024, the 28th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators was held in Berlin. The conference theme: ‘Into the great wide open?’ was explored in a wide variety of presentations, posters and panel discussions. Topics ranged from reforming research assessment, researcher mobility and policy impact to bibliodiversity, data sharing and researcher mobility, and much more.
Parametric optimization and determination in machining processes by means of probabilistic multi-objective optimization
Authors: Zheng Maosheng , Yu Jie
Published: December 2024

In the present article, it attempts to present the determination of optimal parameters of machining processes by means of probabilistic multi-objective optimization (PMOO), in which the optimal objectives (attributes) are fundamentally divided into beneficial type and unbeneficial type, moreover all attributes of both beneficial type and unbeneficial type are evaluated separately with equivalent manner to get their partial preferable probability. Finally, the total preferable probability of each alternative is obtained by the product of all partial preferable probabilities, which is the unique and decisive representative of the alternative to join the competitive optimization, the optimum alternative is with the highest total preferable probability. An example of parametric optimization and determination of aerospace component with Electro Chemical Machining (ECM) is taken to illuminate the procedure. In the case of ECM, the current, voltage, and feed rate are as the optimal parameters to be investigated, while Material Removal Rate (MRR), and Surface Roughness (SR) are the optimal objective responses to be measured. The experimental runs were designed using an L27 Taguchi orthogonal array. In the assessment of PMOO for ECM, the objective MRR belongs to the beneficial attribute, and the objective SR is as the unbeneficial attribute. The novelty of this work is to reflect the simultaneity and the irreplacement of optimization of objectives MRR and SR in the optimal system. The evaluated results reveal that the optimized experimental scheme is the alternative 8, which is with the optimal responses of MRR of 280.112 g/min and SR of 0.45 mm, the corresponding optimum experimental parameters are voltage of 12 V, electrolyte flow rate of 12 m/s and tool feed rate of 0.4 mm/min, respectively. The achievement of the present article indicates the validity of the corresponding approach and algorithm.
Contribution of Comorbidities in Mortality of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhandari Nirajan , KC Rupak , Paudel Neetika , Chaulagain Pratima , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Pandey Ravi
Published: December 2024

Introduction The majority of COVID patients with comorbidity were admitted to Intensive Care for treatment, and their outcomes were poor, necessitating the need for this study to determine the mortality due to comorbidities. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of comorbidities in COVID-19 mortality cases recorded in the tertiary hospital. 
MethodsCases with comorbidities among 162 cases of deaths due to COVID-19 were assessed in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the Department of Biostatistics. Age, sex and comorbidity status were recorded in each mortality case. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee.
ResultsOut of 162 mortality cases, 62 (38.27%) patients had comorbidity. Among 62 mortality cases with ages ranging from 26-80 years and mean age was found to be 57.26 ± 11.18. Our data included a total of 41 (66.20%) males and 21 (33.80%) females. Diabetes with hypertension (23%) was the leading comorbidity in the COVID mortality case followed by hypertension (20%), diabetes (18%), chronic kidney disease (12%), hypothyroidism (9%), and other cases (18%). Other cases include upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, old cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), liver abscess, and other surgical cases. 
ConclusionDiabetes with hypertension was the major comorbidity in COVID-19 mortality.
Hubungan Budaya Organisasi, Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai di Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Al Ittihad Cianjur
Authors: Ramdhani Zulman , Sutisna Deden
Published: December 2024

penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh budaya organisasi, gaya kepemimpinan, dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Al Ittihad Cianjur. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode SEM-PLS, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner terhadap 26 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, budaya organisasi, dan komitmen organisasi. Namun, budaya organisasi dan komitmen organisasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Selain itu, budaya organisasi tidak memediasi hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan dengan kinerja pegawai maupun komitmen organisasi. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa penguatan gaya kepemimpinan yang inklusif dan inovatif dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai secara lebih efektif. Disarankan untuk meninjau faktor lain seperti insentif, sistem penghargaan, dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai secara menyeluruh.
Explicating the Causes of Frequent Floods in Pakistan: A Structural Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Qazi Tehmina Fiaz , Niazi Abdul Aziz Khan , Aziz Maryam , Basit Abdul
Published: December 2024

Aim of study is explicating the causes of frequent floods in Pakistan.  Overall design of the study comprises of relevant literature review, primary data collection and structural modelling & analysis of the phenomena. The method of modelling is ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) and method of analysis is MICMAC (cross impact matrix multiplication applied to classification). The population under study comprises the folk stakeholders of the phenomenon. The sampling design is purposive (i.e. a focus group consisting of a panel of experts) and the sample size is eleven experts (a medium-sized panel). Results of modeling show that causes namely: changes in land use, poor waste management, slums along rivers, erosion and sedimentation, improper flood control systems, river physiography, high rainfall, inadequate river capacity, water structures, land subsidence, damage to flood control structures, poor drainage system fall at Level I (the top level), therefore, are least critical. The causes namely: effects of high tides, lack of discipline among people, glacial melt fall at Level II (middle level) therefore are moderate critical. The cause namely: deforestation falls at Level III (the bottom level) therefore is the most critical. The scale-centric MICMAC analysis shows that all the causes are categorized in the linkage quadrant and the independent, dependent, and autonomous quadrants are empty. The data-centric MICMAC analysis shows that the effects of high tides, glacial melt, and deforestation fall in the independent quadrant. The erosion sedimentation and river physiography fall in the dependent quadrant. The changes in land use, poor waste management, improper flood control systems, slums along rivers, high rainfall, land subsidence, inadequate river capacity, water structures, lack of discipline among people, damage to flood control structures, and poor drainage system categorized in the linkage fall in the linkage quadrant, whereas, the autonomous quadrant is empty. The results of MICMAC analysis implicitly corroborate the results of modeling. It is an original valuable study because it is based on first-hand real experimental data collected by authors who have hands on job of data collection for decades. It also uses unique and different methodologies to collect data, perform modeling and analysis. This methodology is simple, unique, and understandable by a wide range of stakeholders. Its results are also logical and realistic that correspond to ground realities.
თურქეთის საგარეო პოლიტიკა თურგუთ ოზალის მმართველობის პერიოდში
Authors: მაჩიტიძე ელისაბედ
Published: December 2024

წარმოდგენილ ნაშრომში განხილული და გაანალი­ზებ­უ­ლია თურქეთის საგარეო პოლიტიკის მნიშვნელოვანი საკითხები 1983-1993 წლებში. მეოცე საუკუნის 80-90-იან წლებში თურქეთის რესპუბლიკის სოციალურ-ეკონომიკურ და პოლიტიკურ განვით­არებაში გარდამტეხი როლი შეასრულა თურგუთ ოზალმა, რომ­ელიც ჯერ პრემიერ-მინისტრი (1983-1989), ხოლო შემდეგ  კი ქვე­ყ­ნის პრეზიდენტი იყო (1989-1993). ამ პერიოდში განხორციე­ლე­ბულმა ეკონომიკურმა და პოლიტიკურმა ცვლილებებმა მნიშ­ვ­ნ­ელოვნად განაპირობა ქვეყნის შემდგომი განვითარება.
აღსანიშნავია, რომ  ოზალმა, თავის თანამედროვე ლიდე­რ­ე­ბზე გაცილებით ადრე  განჭვრიტა გლობალიზაციის ორივე მხა­რე, როგორც პერსპექტივები, ასევე რისკებიც. ოზალი ატარებდა მეტად აქტიურ საგარეო პოლიტიკას. ოზალის საგარეო პოლი­ტ­იკა მიზნად ისახავდა, პირობების შექმნას დაჩქარებული ეკონომ­იკური განვითარებისათვის.
ოზალის საგარეო პოლიტიკაში იკლო იდეოლოგიურმა ზე­გ­­­ა­ვლენამ და იგი უფრო პრაგმატული გახდა. ოზალის საგარეო პოლიტიკის თავისებურება იყო ის, რომ იგი ორიენ­ტი­რებული იყო ქვეყნის ეკონომიკურ ინტერესებზე.
ითვალისწინებდა რა ქვეყნის გეოსტრატეგიულ და გეოპ­ო­ლ­იტიკურ მდებარეობას, თურქეთი ატარებდა დივერსიფიც­ირ­ე­ბულ, აქტიურ საგარეო პოლიტიკას და ორიენტირებული იყო მრ­ა­ვალმხრივი თანამშრომლობის გაუმჯობესებაზე.
დასავლეთის ქვეყნებთან ურთიერთობის პარალელურად, 1980-იან წლებში თურქეთის საგარეო პოლიტიკის მნიშვნე­ლო­ვანი მიმართულება იყო მუსლიმურ ქვეყნებთან დაახლოება სავა­ჭრო-ეკონომიკური თანამშრომლობის მიზნით.
ოზალის დროს თურქეთის საგარეო პოლიტიკა სულ უფრო მეტად იყო ორიენტირ­ებ­ული ისეთ რეგიონებზე, როგორიცაა ცენ­­­ტრალური აზია, კავკასია, ბალკანეთი და ახლო აღმოსა­ვ­ლ­ეთი.  თურქეთი ცდილობდა გამხდარიყო ამ რეგიონების პოლ­ი­ტიკური და ეკონო­მიკური ცენტრი.
ოზალი, ახლო აღმოსავლეთის ქვეყნებთან ურთიერთობას არ განიხილავდა დასავლე­თთან ურთიერთობის სანაცვლოდ, პი­რ­იქით, ამას ხელი უნდა შეეწყო დასავლეთთან თურქეთის ურთ­იერთობის გაძლიერებისათვის.
ოზალი თვლიდა, რომ თურქეთი უნდა გამხდარიყო ისლ­ამური სამყაროს დამაკ­ავშ­ირებელი ხიდი დასავლურ სამყა­რო­ს­თან, რაც ხელს შეუწყობდა ეკონომიკური თანამშ­რომ­ლობის გან­ვ­ითარებას და მნიშვნელოვან წვლილს შეიტანდა მშვიდობის გან­მ­ტკიცებაში როგორც რეგიონში, ისე მთელ მსოფლიოში.
ოზალი პრაგმატული პიროვნება იყო და მისი გადაწყვე­ტი­ლ­ებები  საერთაშორისო და რეგიონულ დონეზე, შეესაბამებოდა იმ პერიოდში ქვეყნის ეროვნულ ინტერესებს. თავის­უფალ საბა­ზრო ეკონომიკაზე და ღია კარის პოლიტიკაზე გადასვლასთან ერთად, თურქეთმა შეძლო გახდარიყო რეგიონის ლიდერი სახე­ლმწიფო. ამაში გარკვეული როლი შეასრულა იმ საგარეო პოლ­ი­ტ­იკამ რომელსაც 1980–იან წლებში ატარებდა ოზალის მთავ­რ­ობა.
საქართველოს ისტორიისა და ქართული აღმოსავლეთმცოდნეობის დიდი მკვლევარი
Authors: ახალკაციშვილი გიორგი
Published: December 2024

დღეს, ქართული აღმოსავლეთმცოდნეობის, კერძოდ, თუ­რ­ქ­ოლოგიის, განვითარების საქმეში ბევრი მკვლევარი და მეცნ­იერია ჩართული. მე, ამჯერად, მაქვს პატივი, ხაზი გავუსვა ახლო აღმოსავლეთისა და საქართველოს ისტორიის შუა საუკუნეების, ახალი და უახლესი ისტორიის, პოლიტიკისა და ცივილიზაციის მკვლევრის, ისტორიის მეცნიერებათა დოქტორის, საქართველოს უნივერსიტეტის თანადამფუძნებლისა და ერთ-ერთი პრეზი­დ­ე­ნტის (პროფ. მანანა სანაძესთან ერთად) - პროფესორ გიული ალა­სანიას ნაყოფიერი სამეცნიერო საქმიანობის საკითხებს.
ქალბატონი გიული ალასანია მრავალი ათეული  წელია ეწევა  პედაგოგიურ-კვლევით  საქმიანობას  საქართველოში არსე­ბულ სხვადასხვა უმაღლეს სასწავლებლებში, რომელთა შორის გამოსარჩევია ივ. ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელ­მ­წ­იფო უნივერსიტეტი, შავი ზღვის საერთაშორისო უნივერს­ი­ტ­ეტი და საქართველოს უნივერსიტეტი.  ხანგრძლივი და ნაყო­ფიერი მოღვაწეობის  განმავლობაში  განსაკუთრებული  პატივ­ი­ს­ცემა,  ნდობა  და სიყვარული  დაიმსახურა  როგორც  სტუდენტ­ების,  ასევე კოლეგების  მხრიდან.  მან  თავდაუზოგავი შრომ­ის­მოყვარეობით და  სანიმუშო  პროფესიონალიზმით შეძლო   არა­ე­რთი მნიშვნელოვანი წარმატების  მიღწევა სამეცნიერო  სფე­რ­ოში.  ამის  დასტურია  მის  მიერ  გამოქვეყნებული სამეცნიერო  ნაშ­რ­ო­მების,  სტატიების თუ მონოგრაფიების ვრცელი სია, რომ­ლებიც სტუდენტებისთვის სახელმწიფო, ასევე უცხოურ, ენაზე არს­ებულ შეუცვლელ სახელმძღვა­ნელოებს წარმოადგენენ. მართ­ა­ლია ქალბატონი გიულის ძირითადი კვლევები  საქარ­თვე­ლოსა და ახლო აღმოსავლეთის შუა საუკუნეების ისტორიას უკა­ვ­ში­რდება,  თუმცა მისი კვლევის  სამეცნიერო არეალი საკმაოდ ფარ­თოა. იგი მუდმივად იღებს მონაწილეობას  საერთაშორისო  სამე­ცნიერო კონფერენციებში, სიმპოზიუმებსა და კონგრესებში,  სად­აც საკუთარ გამოცდილებას უზიარებს  როგორც  ქართველ,  ასე­ვე უცხოელ კოლეგებს. იგი არის  არაერთი  საინტერესო  და  მნი­შვნელოვანი  საგრანტო  პროექტის  წევრი და ავტორი.  მუდმ­ი­ვად არის მზად, რომ საქართველოს ისტორიის მნიშვნელოვანი და პოლემიკური მოვლენების შესწავლით გაამდიდროს სამე­ცნიერო საზოგადოება.
აშშ-ის ფაქტორი კანადის ახლო აღმოსავლეთის პოლიტიკაში
Authors: ჯინჭარაძე ლუკა
Published: December 2024

აღნიშნულ სტატიაში განხილულია შეერთებული შტატ­ე­ბის გავლენა კანადის ახლო აღმოსავლეთის პოლიტიკაზე. ყურა­დღება გამახვილებულია კანადის მონაწილეობაზე ისლამური სახელმწიფოს (ISIS), ერაყის და სირიის წინააღმდეგ მიმართულ კამპანიებზე. ხაზგასმულია, რომ კანადის პოლიტიკა, მათ შორის, ოპერაცია Impact-ში და ჰუმანიტარულ მისიებში მონაწილეობა და მისი წვლილი ISIS-ის წინააღმდეგ გლობალურ კოალიციაში, ხაზს უსვამს ქვეყნის თანხვედრას აშშ-ს სტრატეგიულ ინტე­რეს­ებთან რეგიონში. კვლევა ეფუძნება  აშშ-კანადის ურთიერთ­ობე­ბ­ისა და კანადის ახლო აღმოსავლეთის პოლიტიკის შესახებ არს­ებულ სხვადასხვა წყაროს, მათ შორის, პირველად წყაროებს, კერ­ძოდ პოლიტიკურ დოკუმენტებს, სამხედრო შეთანხმებებს და საჯარო განცხადებებს, რათა გასაგები გახდეს, თუ როგორ ახდ­ენს შეერთებული შტატები გავლენას კანადის მიერ გატარებულ პოლიტიკაზე ახლო აღმოსავლეთში.
იმის გამო, რომ შეერთებული შტატები თანამედროვე საერ­თაშორისო წესრიგის, ნატოსა და გლობალური კოალიციის ცენ­ტრშია, მან გარკვეულწილად შექმნა კანადის სამხედრო კამპანი­ებში მონაწილეობის კონტექსტი. საერთაშორისო წესრიგის შენა­რჩუნება და ალიანსების მართვა კანადისთვის არაპირდაპირი სარ­გებლის მიღებად და აშშ-სთან ურთიერთობის კარგ ტონად განიხილებოდა. ორმხრივი ურთიერთობები რეგიონულ სახელ­მწიფოებთან და მათი სტაბილურობა ასევე იყო ამ ინტერვენციის მნიშვნელოვანი, თუმცა არა მთავარი ფაქტორი.
Bibliometric analysis of dendritic cell-cytokine induced killers cell therapy
Authors: Zou Yu
Published: December 2024

Objective: Dendritic cell-cytokine induced killers (DC-CIK) immunotherapy involves co-culturing dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells to generate activated immune cells for reinfusion into patients, directly killing tumor cells while enhancing the body's immune response, aiming to inhibit tumor growth and recurrence. Here, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of DC-CIK immunotherapy, to provide insights into the current state of DC-CIK therapy research and guide future directions in this promising immunotherapeutic approach. Methods: Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) using the search terms "Dendritic cell-cytokine induced killers cell therapy" and "Immune cell therapy" for the period from 1997 to 2024. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer to examine publication trends, citation networks, thematic focuses, and global collaboration networks. Results: The number of publications on DC-CIK therapy has shown a significant increase over the years, peaking in 2014 and fluctuating since then. China leads in the number of publications, followed by the United States. Sun Yat-sen University is the most prolific institution, and Ying Mu and Anqi Zhang are the most productive authors. Frontiers in immunology is the most productive journal, publishing 15 papers on DC-CIK therapy. Keyword analysis revealed a focus on cancer biology, immune modulation, and therapeutic strategies, with a particular emphasis on co-culture techniques, cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and genetic engineering. Conclusion: DC-CIK therapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, integrating the unique properties of DCs and CIK cells to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Despite its promise, challenges remain in optimizing clinical efficacy and addressing translational hurdles. Future research should focus on refining co-culture strategies, improving therapeutic outcomes, and ensuring the safe and accessible application of DC-CIK therapy in clinical settings.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran 3cm dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA
Authors: Novi Alpani Nurajijjah  , Titim Fatimah  , Inne Martthyane Pratiwi
Published: December 2024

This research is motivated by the low creative thinking skills of students in the science subject. An alternative to improving students' low creative thinking skills is by implementing the 3CM (Cool, Critical, Creative, Meaningful) learning model. This study aims to determine the difference in the average increase in creative thinking skills of fifth-grade students in science subjects using the 3CM (Cool, Critical, Creative, Meaningful) learning model compared to students using the problem-based learning model. The population of this research includes all fifth-grade students at MIN 2 Kota Bandung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The samples taken are class V-A and class V-B. The data collection techniques used are tests and observations. Data analysis techniques include normality tests, homogeneity tests, and independent t-tests. The independent t-test results on the N-gain data showed a significance value of 0.003, indicating a difference in the average increase in creative thinking skills in science subjects. The 3CM learning model has a learning syntax that includes: providing motivation, interpreting contextual problems, criticizing contextual issues, resolving conflicts, converting concepts into creative products, confirming creative products, and reflecting meaningfully.
Parasitosis como causa de anemia en menores de 10 años atendidos en el centro de responsabilidad social Shushufindi
Authors: Alarcón Armijo Paola Valeria , Jazmín Elena Castro Jalca
Published: December 2024

Las infecciones por parasitosis intestinales son un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, especialmente en áreas como son las tropicales y subtropicales. Por otro lado, la anemia se produce cuando no existe suficiente producción de hemoglobina en el cuerpo para el transporte del oxígeno hacia los órganos y tejidos. En la mayoría de los casos, la parasitosis es una de las causas de anemia en la población infantil. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la parasitosis como causa de anemia en menores de 10 años atendidos en el Centro de Responsabilidad Social Shushufindi. Como metodología, se llevó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, no experimental y cuantitativo, se trabajó con un total de 310 niños menores de 10 años atendidos en el Centro de Responsabilidad Social Solidaria Municipal de Shushufindi. Como resultados se destaca que un 53.1% (IC95%: 47.4% - 58.7%) fueron del género masculino, en los grupos etarios, un 38.6% (IC95%: 33.1% - 44.2%) tuvo entre 0 y 3 años, seguido de un 28% (IC95%: 23.1% - 33.3%) entre los 4 y 6 años, mientras que un 57.6% (IC95%: 51.9% - 63.1%) de los niños reside en la zona rural. La parasitosis se presentó en el 60.5% (IC95%: 54.8% - 65.9%) de los niños y la anemia en un 42.4% (IC95%: 36.9% - 48.1%), además, la prueba de chi cuadrado mostró que no existe relación entre las variables. Como conclusión, es necesario el monitoreo constante en los niños con respecto a las parasitosis y anemias.
KEKUATAN DAN PROSES PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN MELALUI AUTOPSI(STUDI KASUS PERKARA NOMOR 61/PID.B/2023/PN.GTO)
Authors: Tomayahu Nur’ ain , Imran Suwitno yutye , Sarson Moh. Taufiq zulfikar
Published: December 2024

Pembuktian tindak pidana pembunuhan merupakan salah satu elemen krusial dalam sistem peradilan pidana, terutama terkait dengan penegakan keadilan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Namun, kurangnya pelaksanaan autopsi forensik dalam kasus kematian tidak wajar, seperti pada perkara nomor 61/Pid.B/2023/PN.GTO, menimbulkan tantangan dalam menentukan penyebab pasti kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekuatan autopsi sebagai alat bukti dan proses pembuktiannya dalam tindak pidana pembunuhan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, didukung oleh analisis bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa autopsi forensik merupakan standar utama dalam pembuktian kematian yang tidak wajar karena memberikan dasar ilmiah yang kuat untuk menentukan sebab, waktu, dan mekanisme kematian. Namun, dalam kasus ini, ketiadaan autopsi forensik mengurangi keutuhan pembuktian, meskipun visum et repertum digunakan sebagai alat bukti surat yang sah. Implikasinya, diperlukan penguatan regulasi dan infrastruktur untuk memastikan pelaksanaan autopsi dalam setiap kasus kematian mencurigakan guna mendukung proses hukum yang lebih adil dan terpercaya.
A Study on the Usage Behavior of Heavy VR Game Users
Authors: Na Jiyoung
Published: December 2024

A VR game is a game that uses dedicated devices to experience virtual reality similar to the real world in a digital environment isolated from the outside. It can be utilized on platforms such as PCs, mobiles, consoles, etc., and consists of a series of processes that recognize and respond to the user's specific actions in the virtual world. Virtual Reality industry is expanding rapidly with the development of technologies related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and is predominantly used in the game industry. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of VR game users is essential to revitalizing the VR industry. The heavy user group typically refers to a group that intensively consumes specific media or content, and it is necessary to identify their characteristics and use them for foundational research or service improvement. In particular, those who invest a relatively large amount of time or money in games are classified as heavy users, and they have high economic and strategic value in commercial use that is directly connected to sales. Heavy VR game users showed higher usage behavior in terms of personal innovativeness, presence, and continuous usage intention compared to light users. This study has identified some characteristics of the VR game user group, and continuous management and strategies are needed to maintain the characteristics of heavy VR users in the future.

Keywords: VR, Game, Heavy Users, Light Users, Metaverse
Sustainability in the Scottish Fashion Industry: A Perspective of the Goals of Generation Z Consumers’ Second-Hand Clothing
Authors: Garcia-Medina Irene
Published: December 2024

Online second-hand shopping has become popular in the last decades, particularly amongst the young audience. Gen Z and Millenials are tech savy users and prefer e-commerce compared to the in-store shopping experience. Although, some studies explored the second hand consumption of young shoppers, there is some gaps in the literature were outlined beginning from the lack of research in the context of second hand retailers, specifically, no past literature examined the distribution channels utilized by gen z second-hand shoppers. Furthermore, little research sought to comprehend the second-hand shopping behavior of female Scottish consumers. The researcher chose a qualitative method which follows an interpretivist philosophy, by interviewing 10 Scottish female consumers aged between 18 and 24 who purchase or have purchased used garments, to examine the role vintage trend has on the second-hand consumption of clothing among Gen Z from Scotland, to analyze the impact of sustainability on purchasing behavior, before and after Covid-19 and to comprehend whether Gen Z purchase their preloved garments online or in physical shops. The study found that vintage, sustainability and the charity purpose of sale were strong motivators for buying used garments and also found that second hand shoppers decreased their apparel shopping frequency.

Keywords: Generation Z; Sustainability; Fashion and second-hand clothing
Securing Multi-Layered Vehicular Internet of Things (V-IoT) Communication using Enhanced Authentication and Threat Detection with Conditional Decision Trees and Hunting Search
Authors: Pratima Upadhyay  , Dr. Samta Jain Goyal  , Dr. Venkatadri Marriboyina
Published: December 2024

In evolving technology, the combination of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) architecture with Internet of Things (IoT) devices in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) added a new dimension for reliable data communication. The challenge of secured IoT node addition while mitigating eavesdropping, denial of service (DoS), and malware attacks remains a concern in establishing reliable communication links. The VANET-IoT (V-IoT) system is developed in this research to support scalable communication with increasing IoT devices and to evade further risks to device usage without compromising security.
Ensuring secured node authentication in V-IoT facilitates the admittance of newer IoT devices to the VANET infrastructure is the main objective of the research. Conventional methods fail to maintain a trade-off between threat detection and authentication via edge networks to ensure secure and reliable communication. To mitigate such challenges, the present research develops a multi-layered V-IoT infrastructure to incorporate crucial components of reliability and security like authentication, IoT devices, edge computing, and threat classification using the combination of conditional decision trees (CDT) and hunting search (HS). The former acts as an authenticator, and the latter acts as a threat classifier, which identifies eavesdropping, denial of service (DoS), and malware attempts in V-IoT systems. Further, edge computing is leveraged to integrate the CDT-HS into the V-IoT system for authentication of IoT devices and threat detection. The proposed method is evaluated in terms of various parameters like edge and V-IoT processing and scalability using different metrics like throughput, processing time, CPU and memory utilization, detection rate, latency, energy consumption, and communication overhead. The results show a significant improvement in ensuring reliable and secured communication in V-IoT systems.
AI and Cultural Heritage: Preserving and Promoting Global Cultures Through Technology
Authors: Nazirah Mohamad Ba'ai  , Asliza Aris
Published: December 2024

This review article examines the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage globally. As cultural heritage encompasses the diverse histories, traditions, and values of communities, its preservation is vital for sustaining cultural identities in an increasingly digital world. Recent advancements in AI technologies have introduced innovative methodologies for documenting, analyzing, and sharing cultural artifacts and practices, thereby enhancing accessibility and engagement. This paper synthesizes literature from 2013 to 2024, highlighting key applications of AI in digitization, restoration, and community-driven heritage initiatives. Notably, AI's capabilities in image recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning have facilitated the cataloging of vast cultural collections, the restoration of damaged artworks, and the preservation of intangible heritage such as oral traditions. However, the integration of AI in cultural heritage also raises significant ethical concerns, including issues of data privacy, cultural appropriation, and the need for community involvement in technology deployment. The findings suggest that while AI presents powerful tools for enhancing cultural heritage preservation, a balanced approach that prioritizes ethical considerations and inclusivity is essential. This article concludes with recommendations for future research directions and collaborative frameworks that leverage AI to promote cultural heritage in a manner that respects and honors the diversity of global cultures.