bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Legitimacy of Sale and Purchase Deeds for Letter C Certificates Formed by PPAT
Authors: Glenn Daniel Basuki  , Mia Hadiati
Published: January 2025

Letter C is a form of land ownership in the form of a letter which is made, signed and registered at the Village or Subdistrict Office and ownership can be transferred through a Sale and Purchase Deed made by PPAT.  PPAT as a public official has the authority to make legal products in the form of authentic deeds related to the transfer of land rights, assignment of land rights, and other deeds regulated in applicable regulations. However, in modern times, problems related to land rights such as Letter C land remain a problem that cannot be prevented and completely resolved by the government through regulations that continue to be developed.  The case that will be discussed in this journal is based on a case study which states that the sale and purchase deed made by PPAT which had the land object Letter C which became land destroyed due to erosion by river flow cannot be the basis for land ownership . This research aims to find out and gain knowledge about the validity of the Deed of Sale and Purchase of Letter C land which is destroyed land made by PPAT. The data is processed using the Normative Juridical method in the form of literary documents and statutory regulations related to Letter C Land which are explained in detail, so that it will provide accurate answers regarding the validity of Letter C Land and protect the PPAT profession and ownership of land rights in Indonesia.
Confidentiality in Digital Health Records: Aligning Privacy and Care Advancement in Hospitals
Authors: Ari Andayani  , Siska  , Sagung Putri Purwani
Published: January 2025

The development of medical services is undergoing a period of transformation towards digitalization. One form of medical services development in Indonesia is electronic medical records. Electronic Medical Records can help facilitate health services, but on the one hand, Electronic Medical Records can potentially pose a risk of patient data leakage. The purpose of the study is to analyze the responsibility of hospitals in the management of Electronic Medical Records and analyze the legal protection of patients in maintaining the confidentiality of Electronic Medical Records data. This research is a type of normative legal research with a Case Approach and a Statue Approach. The method of data collection is through literature study, and data analysis techniques are used through qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results stated Hospital's accountability in the management of Electronic Medical Records is to apply the principles of data security, restrict access to Medical Records, and store data. Meanwhile, the legal protection of patients to maintain the confidentiality of Electronic Medical Record data is the use of electronic signatures as a verification tool and provides criminal sanctions for violators in the form of fines, imprisonment, and dissolution of corporations.
Factors Inhibiting The Utilization of Agricultural Land Management in Improving The Community Economy (Case Study of Embong Village, Embong Satu, Kota Baru, Uram Jaya District)
Authors: Faujio Tri Andika  , Heni Nopianti  , Diyas Widiyarti
Published: January 2025

In agriculture in Indonesia, the majority of farmers are rice farmers, which is a type of plant that has been planted for generations and is also used as the main staple of community consumption; if we look closely at the potential of agriculture in Indonesia, it is very strategic for the welfare of the community, especially rural communities or forest fringe communities. In the community of Uram Jaya sub-district, or more precisely, the community of Embong Village, Embong Satu, Kota Baru, they experience a problem where they can only plant rice once a year due to the beliefs that have been held so far by the people there. In addition to the existence of obstacles to the agricultural process by culture and community values and norms, in this village, there are also several disturbances from various aspects ranging from the lack of local government empowerment efforts, lack of knowledge on the creation of new community innovations, and to the state of the community that lacks interest in new things in agriculture. This research aims to determine the community's understanding and ability to use land in the best possible way by knowing the potential inhibiting factors in land utilization and the relationship between government integration with the community in improving agriculture. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques and interviews with the community, the village government, and the community members who participated directly. This research proves that agriculture in Embong, Embong Satu, and Kota Baru villages is experiencing obstacles in its agricultural development due to natural factors, culture, values, norms, and poor community and government relations.
Tunisian Fragile Democratization: Case of Democratic Backsliding during Kais Saied’s Presidency
Authors: Ajeng Nadiya Husna Syahba  , Adhi Cahya Fahadayna
Published: January 2025

Tunisia is the only Arab country that has successfully carried out a revolution and democratization after the Arab Spring. However, this success cannot guarantee that democracy can survive and run well, especially in meeting the demands or expectations of the community. This paper aims to explain the decline of democracy during the Kais Saied administration after ten years of democracy implemented in Tunisia. This research uses Quantitative methods to explain the obstacles to the development of democracy. Multiple regression analysis techniques were used in this research to analyze the primary data: the Democracy Index by the Economic Intelligence Unit, Tunisia's GDP Growth (Annual) by the World Bank, and the Freedom of the World score by Freedom House to determine the influence of economic growth and the level of freedom on the decline of democracy in Tunisia. The study results show that economic growth and the level of freedom are interrelated with the prevailing government system. Aspects of political culture among the community and political elites influence the implementation of democracy. Democracy has not been able to be the key to overcoming challenges related to economic growth and high levels of corruption in Tunisia. The failure of political parties to carry out their duties and establish good relations with the community has hampered the development of democracy and encouraged the decline of the democratic regime in Tunisia through President Kais Saied's decision to dissolve parliament.
Validity of A Notarial Deed Made Without the Presence of the Presence
Authors: Desy Agatha Sari  , Rasji
Published: January 2025

The Notary is obliged to read the deed in the presence of the audience and therefore is obliged to face the Notary. On the other hand, it will have an impact on the deed becoming invalid and the Notary's civil liability. This research is normative legal research using statutory and case approaches, with the source of research material being secondary data obtained through a literature study. The results of this research show that, philosophically, the legality of a Notary's deed made without the presence of an audience is related to truth and justice, that with the presence of an audience, it is true that the audience is present so that he can listen to the contents of the deed read by the Notary so that the deed becomes valid because its truth can be accounted for. Juridically, the presence of an audience in front of a Notary when making a deed is a provision of Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m UUJN which states that a Notary in carrying out his or her position is obliged to read the deed in the presence of the audience so that the Notary's deed becomes valid if it is based on this juridical provision. The validity of Notarial deeds made without the presence of an audience according to Supreme Court Decision Number 1615 K/Pdt/2018/2020 is that the deeds were declared invalid and null and void, and the Notary was deemed to have committed an unlawful act because the plaintiff was proven to have never appeared before the Notary.
Implementation of Policy Regulation on Dengue Fever Treatment Through Gene Drive of Wolbachia Bacteria
Authors: Benny Djaja  , Yuwono Prianto  , Fully Handayani Ridwan  , I Made Hery Karyadika  , Kurniawan
Published: January 2025

Dengue fever is an infectious disease transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Efforts to control this disease often face insecticide resistance and environmental factors. One innovation that is expected to reduce the spread of DHF is the application of gene drive by utilizing Wolbachia bacteria. This technology works by infecting mosquito populations to reduce their ability to transmit dengue virus. This article discusses the implementation of the policy on dengue treatment through gene drive based on Wolbachia bacteria in Indonesia, focusing on regulatory aspects, field tests, and community acceptance of the technology. This study used a qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from policy documents, field trial results, and interviews with stakeholders. The results showed that although field trials showed promising results in reducing the spread of DHF, the challenges faced were immature regulations and public concerns regarding environmental and health impacts. Therefore, a more integrated policy approach is needed, as well as better communication to increase public understanding and support for this innovation.
Legal Validity with Artificial Intelligence Technology on Gpt Chat as Legal Aid
Authors: Ahzaza Fahrani  , Gunawan Djajaputra
Published: January 2025

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, such as ChatGPT, in providing legal assistance in Indonesia presents new potential for improving accessibility and efficiency. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the legal liability for errors that may occur in the legal advice provided by AI. This study aims to explore the legal validity of using AI in providing legal aid and to examine how legal liability may be attributed to service providers if mistakes occur. By reviewing Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates, Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, this study highlights the importance of specific regulations to ensure that AI use in legal assistance adheres to legal and ethical standards. Additionally, the study discusses legal protection for AI service users, particularly regarding personal data security and consumer rights. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a clear regulatory framework to ensure that AI use in the legal field provides optimal benefits without compromising security and legal certainty for users.
The Responsibility of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property in Resolving the Trademark Dispute Over 'Tempo Gelato'
Authors: Belliana Herlina  , Christine Kansil
Published: January 2025

The Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications aims to provide clear legal protection for legitimate trademark owners. A legitimate trademark owner is the person who first registers their trademark or service mark. In practice, conflicts often arise due to unilateral trademark registrations. This study focuses on the trademark dispute case of Tempo Gelato, where one party in a business partnership registered the trademark without the consent of the original owner. The Directorate General of Intellectual Property Ministry of Law and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia plays a crucial role in preventing unilateral registrations and ensuring that dispute resolution processes adhere to legal provisions. This study also examines the responsibilities of government agencies in cases of unilateral registration, including the dispute resolution mechanisms offered in the law and their vital role in safeguarding the exclusive rights of trademark owners to prevent abuse of the registration system.
Political Preferences of Voters with Disabilities in the 2024 Elections: Values, Perceptions, Trends and Satisfaction Vs Ideological Values and Group Strength
Authors: Yayan Sahi  , Ramli Mahmud  , Udin Hamim
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the political preferences of voters with disabilities in the 2024 election based on value preferences, perceptions, tendencies, and satisfactions, as well as the influence of ideological values and group strengths. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Primary data sources came from the KPU (General Election Commission), Bawaslu (Election Supervisory Agency), and Kesbangpol (National Unity and Political Agency) of Bone Bolango Regency, as well as local voters with disabilities, while secondary data was obtained from analysis of reports, report books on election organizer activities, research journals, and election laws. The data analysis process includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis revealed that of the 1,450 voters with disabilities registered in 18 sub-districts, only 650 exercised their voting rights, while the other 800 did not participate. This condition indicates the low engagement of voters with disabilities, which is influenced by their orientation to their value preferences, perceptions, tendencies, and satisfactions, which is often distorted by negative labeling in the context of electoral politics. The lack of adequate accommodation for electoral rights and accessibility for voters with disabilities also leads to disappointment, which ultimately reinforces ideological patterns and group identities that make them reluctant to channel their political rights. This study suggests the importance of further development of an ideal political preference strengthening model for voters with disabilities to reduce the instability of their political participation due to disappointment with the conduct of the elections.
Analysis of Law Enforcement Against Illegal Fishing in Central Bangka (Case Study of Misuse of Fishing Gear with Explosives, Trawling, and Poisoning)
Authors: Andrieo Vindhya Praguslinardo  , Muhamad Adystia Sunggara
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze law enforcement against illegal fishing crimes in Central Bangka, focusing on the misuse of fishing methods using explosives, trawls, and poison. Illegal fishing is a serious problem threatening the preservation of marine resources and the sustainability of fisheries ecosystems. This research is a normative juridical legal research method. The findings reveal that law enforcement against illegal fishing in Central Bangka faces several challenges, such as limited resources for law enforcement officers, low public legal awareness, and weak coordination among relevant agencies. Although regulations on illegal fishing exist, their implementation in the field remains suboptimal. This study recommends enhancing the capacity of law enforcement officers, increasing public legal awareness, and strengthening inter-agency coordination. A holistic approach involving community participation is also necessary for marine resource conservation.
The People's Economy Approach in the Management of Natural Resources by State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Tina Amelia
Published: January 2025

The management of natural resources in Indonesia is constitutionally mandated to follow a people's economy approach, prioritizing public welfare. However, there has been a significant deviation from this principle, with the State-Owned Enterprises Law (UU BUMN) promoting privatization and commercialization, rather than the intended economic model. This reveals a critical gap between constitutional ideals and actual policy implementation. This paper aims to address this gap by examining the inconsistency between the constitution and current SOE practices, particularly in natural resource management. Utilizing a normative juridical research methodology, combining statutory and conceptual approaches, this study investigates how SOEs have increasingly focused on profit maximization, often at the expense of sustainable development and local community welfare. Key findings highlight a fundamental misalignment between the constitutional mandate and the operational goals of SOEs, which now prioritize excessive exploitation for financial gains. The implications of this research suggest an urgent need to reform SOE policies, steering them towards sustainable practices that align with the people’s economy model and the constitutional goal of achieving the greatest prosperity for all citizens. Reorienting SOE management to balance profit and sustainability is essential for protecting both natural resources and the long-term interests of local communities.
Position and Legal Consequences of Evidence of Old Rights That Are Not Converted and Controlled by Other Parties (Study of Decision No. 94/Pdt.G/2023/PN Amb)
Authors: Achmad Dwi Saputra  , Amad Sudiro
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on analyzing the legal position of holders of old certificates of title that have not been converted and the legal consequences of physical control of land by other parties who have land certificates. This study uses Decision No. 94/Pdt.G/2023/PN Amb as a case study to understand how courts balance the interests of disputing parties and apply agrarian law regulations in land ownership conflicts. This research was motivated by implementing the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) no. 5 of 1960, which requires converting Western rights such as Eigendom Verponding into rights recognized in the Indonesian legal system. This conversion process is regulated by Government Regulation (PP) no. 18 of 2021, but there are still many old rights holders who have not converted because they allow permits, the permit procedures are considered complicated and are permitted by law. Decision Case No. 94/Pdt.G/2023/PN Amb shows that the old right holder can maintain their rights if they can provide legal proof of ownership, even though another party physically controls the land. This research uses a normative juridical approach by examining statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively and qualitatively to evaluate the legal position of old rights and land certificates and their implications in agrarian disputes. Based on the analysis, physical control of land without legal proof of ownership is considered an unlawful act per Article 1365 of the Civil Code. The court in this case decided that the holder of the old right which had not been converted still had the right to the land, and the certificate obtained without a valid legal basis was declared invalid. This research highlights the importance of converting old rights to create legal certainty and prevent future land disputes. This conversion not only provides stronger legal protection for land owners but also ensures legal certainty for the next generation who inherits the land.
The Fulfillment of Diversion in Cases of Participation in Assault Resulting in Death by Children
Authors: Merlin Theodor Handayani Samosir  , R. Rahaditya
Published: January 2025

The increasing number of crimes involving children, the diversion approach is a major concern as an alternative in the juvenile criminal justice system that should be prioritized as mandated by Law No. 11/2012 on Juvenile Criminal Justice System (UU SPPA), which emphasizes peaceful conflict resolution between juvenile offenders and victims. However, this process can be complicated when the victim's family does not accept an amicable settlement. Although peace efforts were achieved between the victim's family and the offender's parents, the difference in sentences between the defendants triggered dissatisfaction and violation of the initial agreement, posing a dilemma in the implementation of diversion. This study highlights the application of diversion in the case resolved in Decision Number 9/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/PN Jmb, where the peace process between the victim's family and the perpetrator faced challenges, although an agreement was reached. This research uses a normative juridical method with descriptive analysis of legal sources, including laws, journals, and court decisions. The analysis shows that, although diversion is mandatory in juvenile cases, material compensation is not. Its success depends heavily on the willingness of the parties involved to reach a fair and binding agreement so as not to create dilemmas in its implementation. This study recommends refining the diversion mechanism to address conflicts arising from disagreements between the parties in cases of children in conflict with the law.
Evidence of Girik Documentation in Land Acquisition Disputes (Study of Tangerang District Court Decision Number 907/Pdt. G/2018/PN Tng)
Authors: Adhelia Puspa Rini  , Atik Winanti
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the main issues including the proof of girik arrangement in land acquisition disputes. The purpose of this study is to determine how the judge's considerations regarding the status of girik arrangement on evidence of land ownership and the process of proving girik in land disputes in the Tangerang District Court Decision Number 907/Pdt. G/2018/PN Tng. The method used in this study uses a normative legal method with a case approach and a statue approach to analyze various appropriate problems. The findings state that the validity of the arrangement of girik C No. 157 plot 96D covering an area of 2980 m2 in the name of Margawi as proof of land ownership in the Tangerang District Court Decision Number 907/Pdt. G/2018/PN Tng is proven by the history of the land and must go through a land ownership verification process. Initially, girik land was ownership of customary land, so in carrying out girik proof, verification must be carried out by inspection by the local Land Office or the Village Head.
Legal Certainty of Fulfilment of Registered Trademark Rights Owned by the Company for the Similarity of Trademarks in Principal
Authors: Anugrah Syahrial  , Alfalah Naufal Yufianda  , Hafiyyan Daffa Muhammad  , Giovanni Akmal Firdausy
Published: January 2025

The main function of a brand is to differentiate a company's products. A brand can create a reputation regarding quality, quantity and distinctiveness that is only owned by the party attached to the brand rights which are exclusively owned by the brand holder. However, it cannot be denied that later it was discovered that there were two brands that were fundamentally similar, causing disputes. The aim of this research is to explore the legal certainty of fulfilling a company's registered trademark rights for the existence of substantially similar brands by examining the concept of the element of "substantial similarity" in brands and efforts to overcome the existence of essentially similar brands. The research method used is normative juridical, with a statutory, legal conceptual and case approach. Data comes from secondary data, including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis is descriptive analytical. The results of the research found that the concept of the element of "substantial similarity" in a brand has been regulated in statutory regulations, which shows that legal certainty has been sought. Efforts to overcome legal enforcement of trademark disputes based on similarities in essence which actually injure the actual rights of brand owners can be realized by standardizing law enforcement procedures, strengthening laws and regulations, supervision and outreach. Efforts to overcome this require synergy between the government, law enforcement, brand owners, and even the general public.
Legal Policy Model for Handling Violence Among Youth Motorcycle Gangs in Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Sari Yulis  , Muhammad Rudi Syahputra  , Muksalmina  , Thoriq Dwiansah
Published: January 2025

Criminal acts committed by youth motorcycle gangs have become a serious concern in many cities across Indonesia, including Lhokseumawe. Over recent years, Lhokseumawe has faced numerous criminal cases linked to these gangs, such as brawls, slashings, and muggings that disrupt public safety and road users. Despite various measures implemented by the Lhokseumawe City Government and Forkompimda, including curfews and night raids by Satpol PP, WH, and the Police, these efforts have yielded limited results. Many apprehended gang members repeatedly return to criminal activities, highlighting the ineffectiveness of current strategies. A new policy model is urgently needed to address this issue and ensure community safety. This research aims to propose a new preventive policy for the Lhokseumawe City Government. Using an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, the study examines field data and existing regulations. Laws governing juvenile involvement in motorcycle gangs include the 1945 Constitution, the Criminal Code, and laws on child protection and juvenile justice. Key factors driving gang involvement include lack of parental guidance, negative social environments, and restricted educational opportunities. Effective handling requires a dual approach: prevention through education, patrols, and social outreach, alongside repressive and rehabilitative measures to help reintegrate affected youth into society.
The Responsibilities of Electronic Catalog System Providers for the Quality and Pricing of Goods/Services in Government Procurement
Authors: Sudarsono
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify, understand, and analyze the regulations governing electronic catalog system providers concerning the quality and pricing of goods/services in government procurement, as well as to determine the form of responsibility of electronic catalog system providers for the quality and pricing of goods/services in government procurement. The method used in this study is a normative juridical research method with a legislative approach and a legal concept analysis approach. The results of the study indicate that the regulation of electronic catalog system providers regarding the quality and pricing of goods/services in government procurement is governed by the Regulation of the National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP) Number 9 of 2021 on Online Stores and Electronic Catalogs in Government Procurement, which was further refined by the Decision of the Head of the National Public Procurement Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 122 of 2022, dated April 1, 2022. This regulation provides a more detailed explanation of the process for listing a product/commodity in the electronic catalog. The form of responsibility of electronic catalog system providers for discrepancies in the quality and pricing of goods/services in government procurement is that catalog providers are held accountable for any consequences arising from the low quality of products used by Ministries/Agencies/Local Governments. Therefore, if there is a difference between the quality and price listed in the electronic catalog and the actual product, the electronic catalog provider is responsible for compensating the losses incurred by the procuring party.
Analysis of Copyright Implementation and Challenges in Photography in the Digital Era in Indonesia
Authors: Mochamad Habiibi  , Dr. R. Rahaditya, SH.,MH
Published: January 2025

The enforcement of copyright law against photography infringements in Indonesia faces several challenges in the digital age. Although Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright provides clear legal protection for photographic works, effective law enforcement is often hindered by the lack of legal awareness among the public, limited surveillance of works spread across the internet, and the use of new technologies that facilitate copyright violations. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of law enforcement against copyright infringements on photography in Indonesia and identify the key challenges faced by photographers in protecting their copyrights in the digital era. Strategic steps involving the government, law enforcement agencies, and the private sector are needed to raise legal awareness and strengthen the law enforcement system in addressing the increasingly complex photography copyright violations.
Domestic Violence by a Husband Against His Wife (Case Study of Decision Number 270/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Bnj)
Authors: Karolus Kanefo Lafau  , July Esther  , Hisar Siregar
Published: January 2025

Currently, women are the main victims of domestic violence throughout Indonesia. Domestic violence generally refers to acts such as verbal abuse, physical violence, coercion, and threats. Domestic violence has always been a concern in various sectors. Although considered very dangerous by the government, this crime continues to be committed in the general public. Domestic violence, especially the brutality of men against their wives, not only causes real torture, but also mental suffering. Therefore, victims of domestic violence must receive maximum legal protection. Basically, marriage is something sacred in society. Because of the bond of marriage between a man and a woman, the marriage is legally binding in the form of the rights and responsibilities of the husband towards his wife, and the obligations of the wife towards her husband. According to Law Number 1 of 1974 Article 1 concerning Marriage, marriage is a physical and spiritual union between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of realizing a happy and eternal family based on faith in God Almighty. Domestic violence is any act that causes misfortune or physical, sexual, or mental suffering to a person, especially women. The regulation of domestic violence is regulated in Law Number 23 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence
Índice de restrição a investimentos
Authors: Gabriel Vivian Daniele Rocha
Published: January 2025

O Brasil tem participado ativamente das atividades da OCDE desde 2012, sendo convidado a se tornar parceiro-chave da organização, e, em 2017, solicitou oficialmente sua adesão. Em 2022, o país recebeu o mapa de acessão, que estabelece os termos para sua adesão formal. Para apoiar esse processo, o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) desenvolveu um estudo detalhado sobre os indicadores utilizados pela OCDE, focando na aplicação desses indicadores à realidade brasileira. O estudo analisou dados históricos, atualizou informações defasadas e reestimulou dados com fontes não ideais, com destaque para o Índice de Restritividade Regulatória de Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos (FDI Index), que avalia as políticas de investimento do Brasil. O FDI Index, atualizado em 2010, cobre uma ampla gama de setores e permite comparações entre os países, oferecendo uma visão detalhada das restrições à abertura econômica. Este estudo contribui para a preparação do Brasil para sua adesão à OCDE, fornecendo informações úteis para negociadores e para a formulação de políticas públicas.
Introdução : Indicadores quantitativos da OCDE e o Brasil : comércio aberto e investimentos
Authors: Nonnenberg Marcelo José Braga , Thorstensen Vera , Arima Júnior Mauro Kiithi
Published: January 2025

O Ipea tem contribuído para alinhar o Brasil aos padrões da OCDE por meio de análises detalhadas, como os Indicadores de Facilitação de Comércio (TFIs). Embora o país tenha melhorado em áreas como automação e cooperação entre agências de fronteira, permanece abaixo da média da OCDE em governança, decisões antecipadas e formalidades. Reformas na simplificação de processos, automação e modernização tecnológica são essenciais para aumentar a eficiência, reduzir custos e integrar o Brasil ao comércio global, conforme indicado pelos TFIs.
Inventário de comércio digital
Authors: Thorstensen Vera , Arima Júnior Mauro Kiithi , Thomazella Fábio Jorge de Toledo
Published: January 2025

A era digital transformou o comércio internacional, tornando-o mais complexo e abrangente, com transações envolvendo bens, serviços e dados que cruzam fronteiras. Para que os países se beneficiem dessas oportunidades, é essencial um ambiente regulatório que permita transações digitais confiáveis, levando em consideração questões como privacidade, proteção ao consumidor e segurança cibernética. A Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) já regulamenta aspectos essenciais do comércio digital, como o Acordo Geral sobre o Comércio de Serviços (GATS) e o Acordo Geral sobre Tarifas e Comércio (GATT), mas há um crescente consenso de que essas regras precisam ser atualizadas para refletir os desafios atuais. Nesse contexto, a Iniciativa de Declaração Conjunta (JSI) da OMC, iniciada em 2017 por 86 membros, visa estabelecer consensos sobre regras para promover o comércio eletrônico, garantir confiança e abordar questões de acesso ao mercado e telecomunicações. Além disso, a OCDE lançou uma iniciativa paralela, o Inventário de Comércio Digital, para apoiar a regulação pública sobre o comércio digital.
Conclusões : Indicadores quantitativos da OCDE e o Brasil : economia digital
Authors: Nonnenberg Marcelo José Braga , Thorstensen Vera , Arima Júnior Mauro Kiithi , Mota Catherine Rebouça , Thomazella Fábio Jorge de Toledo
Published: January 2025

O Brasil enfrenta desafios em várias dimensões do projeto Going Digital da OCDE. No acesso digital, está abaixo da média da OCDE, com grandes disparidades entre áreas urbanas e rurais. Embora o país acompanhe a média da OCDE no uso de tecnologias por empresas, fica abaixo em inovação, qualificação digital e participação em setores tecnológicos. As desigualdades de acesso também são visíveis em termos de idade e gênero. Em governo digital, o Brasil está alinhado com a OCDE, mas precisa melhorar em áreas como infraestrutura e transações digitais. A OCDE destaca o potencial do Brasil para melhorar sua transformação digital e seu comércio eletrônico, sugerindo políticas para promover a educação, melhorar o acesso à internet e fortalecer a segurança digital.
Introdução : Indicadores Quantitativos da OCDE e o Brasil : economia digital
Authors: Nonnenberg Marcelo José Braga , Thorstensen Vera , Cechin Alicia , Arima Júnior Mauro Kiithi , Mota Catherine Rebouças , Thomazella Fábio Jorge de Toledo
Published: January 2025

O Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea), no esforço de contribuir para o processo de acessão do Brasil e para a disseminação de conhecimento acerca dos padrões da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), desenvolveu amplo projeto de análise dos vários indicadores da orga nização. Com diversos especialistas do Ipea e de outras instituições de pesquisa, o projeto busca compreender os indicadores e verificar sua adequação à realidade brasileira, que, em muitas dimensões, difere da média dos membros da OCDE.
Unveiling the Role of Hahani (Paternal Aunts) in the VaTsonga Culture of South Africa
Authors: Kugara Stewart Lee , Vuma Lucky Sethuthuthu , Mdhluli Tsetselelane Decide
Published: January 2025

Down history, hahani (paternal aunt) played an indispensable role in the family. The paternal aunt was a family figure who was known for skillfully weaving into marital roles, conflict resolution and rituals. She displayed unique flexibility and counseling dexterity to her nieces, nephews and the entire family. Unlike other indigenous groups in Africa, the role of hahani is being downplayed and ignored because of modernity and the growth of families. This indigenous figure in the VaTsonga communities is however a rare gem and her role needs to be preserved before it is abrogated by disuse. This conceptual paper thus adopted the Sankofa Theory to underpin the write-up. To illuminate this subject matter, the paper focused on discussing who the hahani is, her marital counseling role, conflict resolution and leading indigenous rituals in the family from the lived experiences of the authors. In summation, the paper emulates the balanced power of the hahani. The paper argues that the hahani’s existence within the indigenous platforms must be preserved to sustain families of young couples and assist in disciplining and putting into order those who misbehave, and instilling indigenous norms. The paper recommends the usage of local solutions to address local challenges while having a global outlook. In this way, the unique role of hahani must be embraced, ensuring it evolves in an amicable way without distorting and adulterating it. By engaging in the under-researched aspect of VaTsonga culture, the study contributes broadly to gender roles, culture and African family structures thus igniting the impetus of scholarship in this unique field.

Keywords: Hahani, Indigenous Knowledge, Culture, VaTsonga, Conflict Resolution
Addressing Healthcare Access Inequalities in South Africa: Evaluating Legislative and Human Rights Obligations and Proposing Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Mvikweni Mlondolozi
Published: January 2025

The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. A comprehensive review of legislative documents, including the National Health Act, the Promotion of Access to Information Act, and the Protection of Personal Information Act, was conducted to assess their impact on healthcare access. The findings revealed significant gaps in healthcare access, particularly among low-income and rural populations. Despite comprehensive legislation, implementation challenges and resource constraints hinder effective access to care. The study highlights discrepancies between policy intentions and real-world outcomes, with particular emphasis on systemic issues such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure and limited financial resources. The study recommends several strategies for improvement, including enhancing the implementation of existing healthcare laws, increasing investment in healthcare infrastructure, and developing targeted programs to address the specific needs of marginalized communities. Additionally, it suggests strengthening oversight mechanisms to ensure compliance with human rights obligations and improving data collection to understand better and address access disparities. Finally learning from Cuba’s healthcare model to improve the South African Healthcare System. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge by conducting a thorough assessment of healthcare accessibility in South African legislation and its alignment with human rights standards. It offers practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders, aiming to close the space between legal frameworks and healthcare delivery. By highlighting the challenges and proposing actionable strategies, the study provides valuable insights for improving healthcare access and addressing inequalities in South Africa.

Keywords: Inequalities, Health systems, Inaccessibility, International documents, Constitutional obligations
Perceptions of Teacher-trainees Towards using YouTube Videos to improve Conceptual Understanding of the Reactivity of Alkali Metals in Natural Sciences at a Rural University in South Africa
Authors: Momoti Vuyokazi
Published: January 2025

YouTube videos are frequently used in educational settings to improve students’ academic performance. This study investigated the impact of YouTube on acceptance and usability using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) at a rural university in South Africa. The focus of the research was to understand the perspectives of teacher candidates regarding the significance of YouTube in enhancing their understanding of laboratory safety and alkali metal reactivity. YouTube videos have been found to be essential for comprehending scientific experiments due to their visual components, detailed explanations, user-friendly interfaces, interactivity, and ability to simplify complex ideas. They complement traditional teaching methods, encourage social interaction, and stimulate curiosity and innovation across different age groups. The survey involved 32 teacher candidates enrolled in a Natural Science class, with five questionnaires not returned. The survey’s reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.710 during testing. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyse the data, determining the mean and variability. The research indicates that future educators highly prefer using YouTube to learn about Natural Science experiments and are open to integrating technology for educational purposes. Therefore, the research may improve the understanding of theoretical scientific procedures by encouraging educators to advocate for the use of digital resources in education, ultimately enhancing academic achievements. The findings of this research will enhance understanding of the importance of utilizing YouTube to support student learning. Educators can leverage this information to develop effective strategies for enhancing student learning by understanding what drives students to use YouTube for educational purposes.

Keywords: Experiments, YouTube, Teacher Trainees, Conceptual Understanding, Technology Acceptance Model, Reactivity, Alkali Metals.
Morpho-phylogenetic analyses of two novel edible mushrooms from China and a mini review of Lyophyllum (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae) cultivation and bioactivities
Authors: Tang Song-Ming , Yu Feng-Ming , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Luo Zong-Long , Niu Kai-Yang , Li Rui-Yu , Li Lin , Su Xi-Jun , Li Shu-Hong
Published: January 2025

Lyophyllum plays an important role in the natural ecosystem and has significant economic value. Some species of this genus have been cultivated in Asia, America, and Europe. This study describes four edible species of Lyophyllum, two of which were newly discovered. Lyophyllum edulis has a dark grayish orange pileus, a grayish orange upper part of the stipe, and globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, while L. sinense has a dark gray-orange when injured pileus, dark grayish orange points and lines on the stipe surface, and quadrangular to broadly fusiform basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal RNA (ITS), the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU), the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) indicated that L. edulis is related to L. shimeji, L. heimogu, and L. decastes, and L. sinense has an affinity to L. bulborhizum and L. nigrum. We also summarize the cultivation techniques of the two edible species, L. shimeji and L. decastes.
La table de l’ambassade de France à Berlin sous l’Empire wilhelmien : arme mondaine d’une diplomatie républicaine ?
Authors: Aballéa Marion
Published: January 2025

Comment une ambassade peut-elle faire de son attractivité mondaine une arme diplomatique quand elle représente un régime républicain qui rejette les codes aristocratiques associés à ces mondanités ? Telle est la question, rendue plus sensible encore par la rivalité franco-allemande, que se posent les diplomates français en poste dans l’Empire allemand entre les années 1880 et 1914. Cet article analyse comment, à Berlin, la table de l’ambassade de France contribua à dépasser l’apparente contradiction entre diplomatie d’influence et fidélité aux idéaux démocratiques et républicains.
Evaluation of Publicly Available Instagram Social Media Information on Vision Therapy
Authors: Uddin Olivia , Kraus Courtney L.
Published: January 2025

Social media is a popular, poorly vetted health care information source. Vision therapy is a controversial topic that some claim can benefit patients with visual processing disorders, despite no supporting evidence. The authors assessed quality of Instagram (Meta Platforms) posts tagged with #visiontherapy, finding few high-quality posts and no correlation between engagement and quality.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2025;62(1):e8–e13.]
Nonlinear neutral differential equations of second-order: Oscillatory properties
Authors: Alkilayh Maged
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the oscillatory behavior of second-order differential equations featuring a mixed neutral term along with a $ p $-Laplace differential operator. The analysis employs Riccati transformations and includes a comparative study with first-order equations, which facilitates the development of oscillation criteria. The findings culminate in a significant theorem that addresses the oscillation properties of these equations. In addition, two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the practical application of the established criteria.
Low-cement eco-concrete and the role of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other additives in improving sustainability and durability
Authors: Brioschi N. , Giner Cordero E. , Ng S. , Paglia C.
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the development of low-cement eco-concretes incorporating recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and waste materials such as wood ashes, aiming to achieve a balance between sustainability and mechanical performance. Different concrete mixes were designed with varying cement content (240–290 kg/m3) and RCA replacement levels (25%–50% by weight). The materials used included II/A-LL 42.5 R cement, natural calcareous-silica aggregates, RCA from C30/37 concrete, wood waste ashes, and limestone filler. Experimental tests were conducted on fresh and hardened concrete, including workability, compressive strength, elastic modulus, carbonation resistance, freeze-thaw durability, and chloride penetration resistance. Results show that the mixtures with RCA demonstrated similar or better performance compared to conventional concrete, with C6 (using wood ashes from the burner) showing promising compressive strength and durability characteristics. The study demonstrates that these low-cement mixtures, using recycled aggregates and supplementary materials, can meet the durability requirements for sustainable infrastructure applications.
On the Relevance of Self-Disclosure for Epistemic Responsibility
Authors: Buckley Daniel
Published: January 2025

A number of authors have argued that, in order for S to be appropriately held morally responsible for some action or attitude (say, via moral blame), that action or attitude must somehow reflect or express a negative aspect of S’s (“true,” “deep,” or “real”) self. Recently, theorists of “epistemic blame” and “epistemic accountability” have also incorporated certain “self-disclosure” conditions into their accounts of these phenomena. In this paper, I will argue that accounts of epistemic responsibility which require disclosure of an objectionable feature of a person’s self neglect central aspects of our responsibility practices. Specifically, I will argue that we can appropriately hold individuals epistemically responsible for things which do not reflect or express negative aspects of “who they are” in any way. While disclosure of an objectionable feature of (what I will call) a person’s “doxastic self” isn’t altogether irrelevant when it comes to holding that person epistemically responsible, it also isn’t necessary. One lesson I wish to draw is that, insofar as our epistemic responsibility practices are capable of shedding light on the nature of epistemic normativity itself, theorists interested in the latter should be focused on more than just accountability responses which track objectionable features of a person’s self.
Introduction
Authors: Brucker Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Au XVIIIe siècle, il n’existe pas, dans la plupart des pays européens, de théâtre permanent, disposant d’une troupe professionnelle, d’une salle et d’un répertoire : les seuls théâtres susceptibles de toucher un large public sont tenus par des congrégations religieuses enseignantes, au premier rang desquelles les jésuites, qui ont progressivement intégré l’art dramatique à leur pratique pédagogique, jusqu’à en faire la marque la plus reconnaissable de leur système éducatif. Le théâtre assure le lien entre le collège et la société. Les pièces écrites en vue des représentations scolaires manifestent le souci de rejoindre le public dans ses usages, ses références et ses goûts pour mieux agir sur lui, orienter ses choix, infléchir ses décisions, de manière à être un soutien ou un relais du dessein éducatif global porté par la congrégation. La plupart des pièces n’ont pas été imprimées. Celles qui l’ont été relèvent d’une stratégie de diffusion des idées vers les cercles du pouvoir, les sociétés particulières ou les espaces domestiques.