bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish Passage and Injury Risk at a Surface Bypass of a Small-Scale Hydropower Plant
Authors: Knott Josef , Mueller Melanie , Pander Joachim , Geist Juergen
Published: October 2019

In contrast to the efforts made to develop functioning fishways for upstream migrants, the need for effective downstream migration facilities has long been underestimated. The challenge of developing well-performing bypasses for downstream migrants involves attracting the fish to the entrance and transporting them quickly and unharmed into the tailrace. In this study, the acceptance of different opening sizes of a surface bypass as well as the injuries which fish experience during the passage were examined. Overall bypass acceptance was low compared to the turbine passage. There was no significant difference in the number of downstream moving fish between the small and the large bypass openings. Across all fish species, no immediate mortality was detected. Severe injuries such as amputations or bruises were only rarely detected and at low intensity. Scale losses, tears and hemorrhages in the fins and dermal lesions at the body were the most common injuries, and significant species-specific differences were detected. To increase bypass efficiency, it would likely be useful to offer an alternative bottom bypass in addition to the existing surface bypass. The bypass injury potential could be further reduced by structural improvements at the bypass, such as covering protruding components.
Estimating Willingness to Pay for a Future Recreational Park Atop the Current Jakuševec Landfill in Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Opačak Marija , Wang Erda
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic value potentially accrued by a prospective city park, which is planned to be built as a result of strategic land reclamation of a current landfill in Croatia, based on parkgoers’ marginal willingness to pay. The idea of this land transformation is inspired by recent debate on the issue of how to address air quality and other environmental concerns over the disposal of the landfill site in the city. Like any other nonmarket valuation studies, choosing a proper survey method is a critical step for a successful economic valuation study. We adopted a double bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation method in survey design and data collection, followed by parameter estimation using the logit model. The study reveals—(1) the support of 70% of respondents was estimated; (2) as much as 96% of the respondents are willing to visit the park being presented to the respondents along with the survey questionnaire. The economic valuation indicates that the city residents are willing to pay €3.63 per person for the park’s entrance fees, which can be translated into an aggregate of €2,867,762. By referring this value information to the park budget, we may persuade policy makers to commit to a transformation of the current landfill.
Identifying the Main Opportunities and Challenges from the Implementation of a Port Energy Management System: A SWOT/PESTLE Analysis
Authors: Christodoulou Anastasia , Cullinane Kevin
Published: October 2019

Climate change is among the greatest environmental threats facing the globe today and the abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is concerning all the industrial sectors contributing to the problem. The maritime transport sector has already implemented several measures for energy efficiency for the reduction of its GHG emissions, including both vessels and ports. This paper focuses on the prospects and challenges facing the development of a port energy management system. It analyzes the main factors which exert an impact on such a plan and that need to be taken into account for its successful implementation. A SWOT/PESTLE analysis is utilized for the identification of the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that have a positive or negative effect on the adoption and successful implementation of a port energy management system. This analysis is based on empirical data from two leading North-European port authorities. Given the fact that ports are currently focusing on the reduction of their energy consumption, this paper’s results have particular significance in that they could enlighten and inform the adoption of a port energy management plan within ports.
A Comparative Study on the Influence of DC/DC-Converter Induced High Frequency Current Ripple on Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Korth Pereira Ferraz Pablo , Kowal Julia
Published: October 2019

Modern battery energy systems are key enablers of the conversion of our energy and mobility sector towards renewability. Most of the time, their batteries are connected to power electronics that induce high frequency current ripple on the batteries that could lead to reinforced battery ageing. This study investigates the influence of high frequency current ripple on the ageing of commercially available, cylindrical 18,650 lithium-ion batteries in comparison to identical batteries that are aged with a conventional battery test system. The respective ageing tests that have been carried out to obtain numerous parameters such as the capacity loss, the gradient of voltage curves and impedance spectra are explained and evaluated to pinpoint how current ripple possibly affects battery ageing. Finally, the results suggest that there is little to no further influence of current ripple that is severe enough to stand out against ageing effects due to the underlying accelerated cyclic ageing.
New Perspectives for Mapping Global Population Distribution Using World Settlement Footprint Products
Authors: Palacios-Lopez Daniela , Bachofer Felix , Esch Thomas , Heldens Wieke , Hirner Andreas , Marconcini Mattia , Sorichetta Alessandro , Zeidler Julian , Kuenzer Claudia , Dech Stefan , Tatem Andrew J. , Reinartz Peter
Published: October 2019

In the production of gridded population maps, remotely sensed, human settlement datasets rank among the most important geographical factors to estimate population densities and distributions at regional and global scales. Within this context, the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) has developed a new suite of global layers, which accurately describe the built-up environment and its characteristics at high spatial resolution: (i) the World Settlement Footprint 2015 layer (WSF-2015), a binary settlement mask; and (ii) the experimental World Settlement Footprint Density 2015 layer (WSF-2015-Density), representing the percentage of impervious surface. This research systematically compares the effectiveness of both layers for producing population distribution maps through a dasymetric mapping approach in nine low-, middle-, and highly urbanised countries. Results indicate that the WSF-2015-Density layer can produce population distribution maps with higher qualitative and quantitative accuracies in comparison to the already established binary approach, especially in those countries where a good percentage of building structures have been identified within the rural areas. Moreover, our results suggest that population distribution accuracies could substantially improve through the dynamic preselection of the input layers and the correct parameterisation of the Settlement Size Complexity (SSC) index.
Quality Control Systems in Higher Education Supported by the Use of Mobile Messaging Services
Authors: Matosas-López Luis , Bernal-Bravo Cesar , Romero-Ania Alberto , Palomero-Ilardia Irene
Published: October 2019

This study breaks away from the immobility experienced by quality control systems in higher education. The authors, following the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on quality education set by the United Nations, propose a questionnaire delivery system through mobile messaging services that overcomes the problem of the low response rates of students for these surveys. The research follows an experimental design, is developed over three years, and involves 811 subjects who are distributed in two groups: an experimental group, in which the questionnaires are delivered through mobile messaging services, and a control group. The researchers examine the existence of differences in response rates through a descriptive comparative exploration between the two groups, also applying the Student’s t-test to evaluate the significance of the findings. The results reveal that the rates for the experimental group are not only higher than those achieved for the control group but are also significant. The authors conclude that the delivery of surveys through mobile messaging services significantly increases response rates. This fact improves the representativity of the information collected and meets the goals of the quality control system with greater certainty.
Type 2 Fuzzy Inference-Based Time Series Model
Authors: Rahim Nur Fazliana , Othman Mahmod , Sokkalingam Rajalingam , Abdul Kadir Evizal
Published: October 2019

Fuzzy techniques have been suggested as useful method for forecasting performance. However, its dependency on experts’ knowledge causes difficulties in information extraction and data collection. Therefore, to overcome the difficulties, this research proposed a new type 2 fuzzy time series (T2FTS) forecasting model. The T2FTS model was used to exploit more information in time series forecasting. The concepts of sliding window method (SWM) and fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) were incorporated in the utilization of T2FTS to obtain forecasting values. A sliding window method was proposed to find a proper and systematic measurement for predicting the number of class intervals. Furthermore, the weighted subsethood-based algorithm was applied in developing fuzzy IF–THEN rules, where it was later used to perform forecasting. This approach provides inferences based on how people think and make judgments. In this research, the data sets from previous studies of crude palm oil prices were used to further analyze and validate the proposed model. With suitable class intervals and fuzzy rules generated, the forecasting values obtained were more precise and closer to the actual values. The findings of this paper proved that the proposed forecasting method could be used as an alternative for improved forecasting of sustainable crude palm oil prices.
Spider Knottin Pharmacology at Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Potential to Modulate Pain Pathways
Authors: Dongol Yashad , C. Cardoso Fernanda , Lewis Richard
Published: October 2019

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are a key determinant of neuronal signalling. Neurotoxins from diverse taxa that selectively activate or inhibit NaV channels have helped unravel the role of NaV channels in diseases, including chronic pain. Spider venoms contain the most diverse array of inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) toxins (knottins). This review provides an overview on how spider knottins modulate NaV channels and describes the structural features and molecular determinants that influence their affinity and subtype selectivity. Genetic and functional evidence support a major involvement of NaV subtypes in various chronic pain conditions. The exquisite inhibitory properties of spider knottins over key NaV subtypes make them the best lead molecules for the development of novel analgesics to treat chronic pain.
Fusarium graminearum FgCWM1 Encodes a Cell Wall Mannoprotein Conferring Sensitivity to Salicylic Acid and Virulence to Wheat
Authors: Zhang Ya-Zhou , Chen Qing , Liu Cai-Hong , Lei Lu , Li Yang , Zhao Kan , Wei Mei-Qiao , Guo Zhen-Ru , Wang Yan , Xu Bin-Jie , Jiang Yun-Feng , Kong Li , Liu Yan-Lin , Lan Xiu-Jin , Jiang Qian-Tao , Ma Jian , Wang Ji-Rui , Chen Guo-Yue , Wei Yu-Ming , Zheng You-Liang , Qi Peng-Fei
Published: October 2019

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of wheat. Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum. Cell wall mannoprotein (CWM) is known to trigger defense responses in plants, but its role in the pathogenicity of F. graminearum remains unclear. Here, we characterized FgCWM1 (FG05_11315), encoding a CWM in F. graminearum. FgCWM1 was highly expressed in wheat spikes by 24 h after initial inoculation and was upregulated by SA. Disruption of FgCWM1 (ΔFgCWM1) reduced mannose and protein accumulation in the fungal cell wall, especially under SA treatment, and resulted in defective fungal cell walls, leading to increased fungal sensitivity to SA. The positive role of FgCWM1 in mannose and protein accumulation was confirmed by its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Compared with wild type (WT), ΔFgCWM1 exhibited reduced pathogenicity toward wheat, but it produced the same amount of deoxynivalenol both in culture and in spikes. Complementation of ΔFgCWM1 with FgCWM1 restored the WT phenotype. Localization analyses revealed that FgCWM1 was distributed on the cell wall, consistent with its structural role. Thus, FgCWM1 encodes a CWM protein that plays an important role in the cell wall integrity and pathogenicity of F. graminearum.
Efficacy of a Yeast Cell Wall Extract to Mitigate the Effect of Naturally Co-Occurring Mycotoxins Contaminating Feed Ingredients Fed to Young Pigs: Impact on Gut Health, Microbiome, and Growth
Authors: Kim Sung Woo , Holanda Débora Muratori , Gao Xin , Park Inkyung , Yiannikouris Alexandros
Published: October 2019

Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and are potentially toxic to pigs. Yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) is known to adsorb mycotoxins and improve gut health in pigs. One hundred and twenty growing (56 kg; experiment 1) and 48 nursery piglets (6 kg; experiment 2) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design for 35 and 48 days, respectively. Factors were mycotoxins (no addition versus experiment 1: 180 μg/kg aflatoxins and 14 mg/kg fumonisins; or experiment 2: 180 μg/kg aflatoxins and 9 mg/kg fumonisins, and 1 mg/kg deoxynivalenol) and YCWE (0% versus 0.2%). Growth performance, blood, gut health and microbiome, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) data were evaluated. In experiment 1, mycotoxins reduced ADG and G:F, and duodenal IgG, whereas in jejunum, YCWE increased IgG and reduced villus width. In experiment 2, mycotoxins reduced BW, ADG, and ADFI. Mycotoxins reduced ADG, which was recovered by YCWE. Mycotoxins reduced the AID of nutrients evaluated and increased protein carbonyl, whereas mycotoxins and YCWE increased the AID of the nutrients and reduced protein carbonyl. Mycotoxins reduced villus height, proportion of Ki-67-positive cells, and increased IgA and the proportion of bacteria with mycotoxin-degrading ability, whereas YCWE tended to increase villus height and reduced IgA and the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in jejunum. The YCWE effects were more evident in promoting gut health and growth in nursery pigs, which showed higher susceptibility to mycotoxin effects.
Root Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Global Changes Induced by Systemic Infection of Solanum lycopersicum with Mild and Severe Variants of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid
Authors: Góra-Sochacka Anna , Więsyk Aneta , Fogtman Anna , Lirski Maciej , Zagórski-Ostoja Włodzimierz
Published: October 2019

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) causes systemic infection in plant hosts. There are many studies on viroid-host plant interactions, but they have predominantly focused on the aboveground part of the plant. Here, we investigated transcriptomic profile changes in tomato roots systemically infected with mild or severe PSTVd variants using a combined microarray/RNA-seq approach. Analysis indicated differential expression of genes related to various Gene Ontology categories depending on the stage of infection and PSTVd variant. A majority of cell-wall-related genes were down-regulated at early infection stages, but at the late stage, the number of up-regulated genes increased significantly. Along with observed alterations of many lignin-related genes, performed lignin quantification indicated their disrupted level in PSTVd-infected roots. Altered expression of genes related to biosynthesis and signaling of auxin and cytokinin, which are crucial for lateral root development, was also identified. Comparison of both PSTVd infections showed that transcriptional changes induced by the severe variant were stronger than those caused by the mild variant, especially at the late infection stage. Taken together, we showed that similarly to aboveground plant parts, PSTVd infection in the underground tissues activates the plant immune response.
Pan-European Study on the Prevalence of the Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection – Reported by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD Europe)
Authors: Studer Nadine , Lutz Hans , Saegerman Claude , Gönczi Enikö , Meli Marina L. , Boo Gianluca , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J. , Moestl Karin , Tasker Séverine , Belák Sándor , Lloret Albert , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman F. , Pennisi Maria-Grazia , Truyen Uwe , Frymus Tadeusz , Thiry Etienne , Marsilio Fulvio , Addie Diane , Hochleithner Manfred , Tkalec Filip , Vizi Zsuzsanna , Brunetti Anna , Georgiev Boyko , Ludwig-Begall Louisa F. , Tschuor Flurin , Mooney Carmel T. , Eliasson Catarina , Orro Janne , Johansen Helle , Juuti Kirsi , Krampl Igor , Kovalenko Kaspars , Šengaut Jakov , Sobral Cristina , Borska Petra , Kovaříková Simona , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina
Published: October 2019

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus associated with fatal disease in progressively infected cats. While testing/removal and vaccination led to a decreased prevalence of FeLV, recently, this decrease has reportedly stagnated in some countries. This study aimed to prospectively determine the prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats taken to veterinary facilities in 32 European countries. FeLV viral RNA was semiquantitatively detected in saliva, using RT-qPCR as a measure of viraemia. Risk and protective factors were assessed using an online questionnaire to report geographic, demographic, husbandry, FeLV vaccination, and clinical data. The overall prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats visiting a veterinary facility, of which 10.4% were shelter and rescue cats, was 2.3% (141/6005; 95% CI: 2.0%–2.8%) with the highest prevalences in Portugal, Hungary, and Italy/Malta (5.7%–8.8%). Using multivariate analysis, seven risk factors (Southern Europe, male intact, 1–6 years of age, indoor and outdoor or outdoor-only living, living in a group of ≥5 cats, illness), and three protective factors (Northern Europe, Western Europe, pedigree cats) were identified. Using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, the origin of cats in Europe, pedigree, and access to outdoors were important predictors of FeLV status. FeLV-infected sick cats shed more viral RNA than FeLV-infected healthy cats, and they suffered more frequently from anaemia, anorexia, and gingivitis/stomatitis than uninfected sick cats. Most cats had never been FeLV-vaccinated; vaccination rates were indirectly associated with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. In conclusion, we identified countries where FeLV was undetectable, demonstrating that the infection can be eradicated and highlighting those regions where awareness and prevention should be increased.
Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Analysis of Hepatitis Delta Virus Genotype 3 Isolated in South America
Authors: Nogueira-Lima Felipe Souza , Botelho-Souza Luan Felipo , Roca Tárcio Peixoto , Santos Alcione Oliveira dos , Oliveira Suyane da Costa , Queiroz Jackson Alves da Silva , Santos-Alves Fabianne Araújo Gomes dos , Salcedo Juan Miguel Villalobos , Vieira Deusilene Souza
Published: October 2019

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a globally distributed agent, and its genetic variability allows for it to be organized into eight genotypes with different geographic distributions. In South America, genotype 3 (HDV-3) is frequently isolated and responsible for the most severe form of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of HDV-3 over the years and to describe its distribution throughout this continent in an evolutionary perspective. While using Bayesian analysis, with strains being deposited in the Nucleotide database, the most recent common ancestor was dated back to 1964 and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the dispersion may have started in Brazil, spreading to Venezuela and then to Colombia, respectively. Exponential growth in the effective number of infections was observed between the 1950s and 1970s, years after the first report of the presence of HDV on the continent, during the Labrea Black Fever outbreak, which showed that the virus continued to spread, increasing the number of cases decades after the first reports. Subsequently, the analysis showed a decrease in the epidemiological levels of HDV, which was probably due to the implantation of the vaccine against its helper virus, hepatitis B virus, and serological screening methods implemented in the blood banks.
ATM and ATR Expression Potentiates HBV Replication and Contributes to Reactivation of HBV Infection upon DNA Damage
Authors: Kostyusheva Anastasiya , Brezgin Sergey , Bayurova Ekaterina , Gordeychuk Ilya , Isaguliants Maria , Goptar Irina , Urusov Felix , Nikiforova Anastasiya , Volchkova Elena , Kostyushev Dmitry , Chulanov Vladimir
Published: October 2019

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common viral infections in the world. Reactivation of HBV infection is a life-threatening condition observed in patients with CHB receiving chemotherapy or other medications. Although HBV reactivation is commonly attributed to immune suppression, other factors have long been suspected to play a role, including intracellular signaling activated in response to DNA damage. We investigated the effects of DNA-damaging factors (doxorubicin and hydrogen peroxide) on HBV reactivation/replication and the consequent DNA-damage response. Dose-dependent activation of HBV replication was observed in response to doxorubicin and hydrogen peroxide which was associated with a marked elevation in the mRNA levels of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM- and RAD3-related (ATR) kinases. Downregulation of ATM or ATR expression by shRNAs substantially reduced the levels of HBV RNAs and DNA. In contrast, transcriptional activation of ATM or ATR using CRISPRa significantly increased HBV replication. We conclude that ATM and ATR are essential for HBV replication. Furthermore, DNA damage leading to the activation of ATM and ATR transcription, results in the reactivation of HBV replication.
Maternally-Derived Antibodies Protect against Challenge with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus of the H7N3 Subtype
Authors: Cardenas-Garcia Stivalis , Ferreri Lucas , Wan Zhimin , Carnaccini Silvia , Geiger Ginger , Obadan Adebimpe O. , Hofacre Charles L. , Rajao Daniela , Perez Daniel R.
Published: October 2019

Vaccination of hens against influenza leads to the transfer of protective maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) to hatchlings. However, little is known about the transfer of H7N3 vaccine-induced MDA. Here, we evaluated transfer, duration, and protective effect of MDA in chickens against H7N3 HPAIV. To generate chickens with MDA (MDA (+)), 15-week-old White Leghorn hens were vaccinated and boosted twice with an inactivated H7N3 low pathogenic avian influenza virus vaccine, adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 71 VG. One week after the final boost, eggs were hatched. Eggs from non-vaccinated hens were hatched for chickens without MDA (MDA (−)). Both MDA (+) and MDA (−) hatchlings were monitored weekly for antibody levels. Anti-HA MDA were detected by hemagglutination inhibition assay mostly until day 7 post-hatch. However, anti-nucleoprotein MDA were still detected three weeks post-hatch. Three weeks post-hatch, chickens were challenged with 106 EID50/bird of Mexican-origin H7N3 HPAIV. Interestingly, while 0% of the MDA (−) chickens survived the challenge, 95% of the MDA (+) chickens survived. Furthermore, virus shedding was significantly reduced by day 5 post-challenge in the MDA (+) group. In conclusion, MDA confers partial protection against mortality upon challenge with H7N3 HPAIV, as far as three weeks post-hatch, even in the absence of detectable anti-HA antibodies, and reduce virus shedding after challenge.
Strain-Dependent Impact of G and SH Deletions Provide New Insights for Live-Attenuated HMPV Vaccine Development
Authors: Dubois Julia , Pizzorno Andrés , Cavanagh Marie-Hélène , Padey Blandine , Nicolas de Lamballerie Claire , Uyar Olus , Venable Marie-Christine , Carbonneau Julie , Traversier Aurélien , Julien Thomas , Lavigne Sophie , Couture Christian , Lina Bruno , Hamelin Marie-Ève , Terrier Olivier , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Boivin Guy
Published: October 2019

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major pediatric respiratory pathogen with currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine. Different strategies to prevent this infection have been evaluated, including live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) based on SH and/or G protein deletions. This approach showed promising outcomes but has not been evaluated further using different viral strains. In that regard, we previously showed that different HMPV strains harbor distinct in vitro fusogenic and in vivo pathogenic phenotypes, possibly influencing the selection of vaccine strains. In this study, we investigated the putative contribution of the low conserved SH or G accessory proteins in such strain-dependent phenotypes and generated recombinant wild type (WT) and SH- or G-deleted viruses derived from two different patient-derived HMPV strains, A1/C-85473 and B2/CAN98-75. The ΔSH and ΔG deletions led to different strain-specific phenotypes in both LLC-MK2 cell and reconstituted human airway epithelium models. More interestingly, the ΔG-85473 and especially ΔSH-C-85473 recombinant viruses conferred significant protection against HMPV challenge and induced immunogenicity against a heterologous strain. In conclusion, our results show that the viral genetic backbone should be considered in the design of live-attenuated HMPV vaccines, and that a SH-deleted virus based on the A1/C-85473 HMPV strain could be a promising LAV candidate as it is both attenuated and protective in mice while being efficiently produced in a cell-based system.
What Neuroscientific Studies Tell Us about Inhibition of Return
Authors: Satel Jason , Wilson Nicholas R. , Klein Raymond M.
Published: October 2019

An inhibitory aftermath of orienting, inhibition of return (IOR), has intrigued scholars since its discovery about 40 years ago. Since then, the phenomenon has been subjected to a wide range of neuroscientific methods and the results of these are reviewed in this paper. These include direct manipulations of brain structures (which occur naturally in brain damage and disease or experimentally as in TMS and lesion studies) and measurements of brain activity (in humans using EEG and fMRI and in animals using single unit recording). A variety of less direct methods (e.g., computational modeling, developmental studies, etc.) have also been used. The findings from this wide range of methods support the critical role of subcortical and cortical oculomotor pathways in the generation and nature of IOR.
An Empirical Research on Influence Factors of Industrial Water Use
Authors: Wang Bingxuan , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2019

The contradiction between increasing demand and current supply has affected the healthy development of industry. Investigating the key influence factors of industrial water use change has important practical significance for water resource management. In this study, the authors propose the vector autoregression model to analyze the dynamic influences of industrial development, technological progress, and environmental protection on industrial water use change, and take Jiangsu Province, China as a case study. Results show that each of the factors had different effects during 2001–2015, in which industrial development was the greatest contributor to the change of industrial water use and showed a positive effect in the forecast period; technological progress played a major role in reducing industrial water use, but the negative effect weakened periodically over time; environmental protection also had a positive influence in the early forecast period, and then showed a marginal effect with time. Results of this study could assist the relevant authorities to formulate appropriate industrial development planning and water saving policies, and to reasonably control the industrial water demand.
Assessing the Impact of CFSR and Local Climate Datasets on Hydrological Modeling Performance in the Mountainous Black Sea Catchment
Authors: Cuceloglu Gokhan , Ozturk Izzet
Published: October 2019

Precise representation of precipitation input is one of the predominant factors affecting the simulation of hydrological processes in catchments. Choosing the representative climate datasets is crucial to obtain accurate model results, especially in mountainous regions. Hence, this study assesses the suitability of the Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis (CFSR) and local climate data to simulate the streamflow at multiple gauges in the data-scarce mountainous Black Sea catchment. Moreover, the applicability of using the elevations band in the model is also tested. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used as a hydrological simulator. Calibration and uncertainty analysis are performed by using SWAT-CUP with the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm based on monthly streamflow data at six different hydrometric stations located at different altitudes. The results reveal that the CFSR dataset provides quite reasonable agreements between the simulated and the observed streamflow at the gauge stations compared to the local dataset. However, SWAT simulations with both datasets result in poor performance for the upstream catchments of the study area. Considering orographic precipitation by applying elevation bands to the local climate dataset using CFSR data leads also to significant improvements to the model’s performance. Model results obtained with both climate datasets result in similar objective metrics, and larger uncertainty with a coefficient variation (CV) ranging from 73% to 107%. This paper mainly highlights that (i) global climate datasets (i.e., CFSR) can be a good alternative especially for data-scarce regions, (ii) elevation band application can improve the model performance for the catchments with high elevation gradients, and iii) CFSR data can be used to determine precipitation lapse rate in data scarce-regions.
From Land to Sea, a Review of Hypertemporal Remote Sensing Advances to Support Ocean Surface Science
Authors: Scarrott Rory Gordon , Cawkwell Fiona , Jessopp Mark , O’Rourke Eleanor , Cusack Caroline , de Bie Kees
Published: October 2019

Increases in the temporal frequency of satellite-derived imagery mean a greater diversity of ocean surface features can be studied, modelled, and understood. The ongoing temporal data “explosion” is a valuable resource, having prompted the development of adapted and new methodologies to extract information from hypertemporal datasets. Current suitable methodologies for use in hypertemporal ocean surface studies include using pixel-centred measurement analyses (PMA), classification analyses (CLS), and principal components analyses (PCA). These require limited prior knowledge of the system being measured. Time-series analyses (TSA) are also promising, though they require more expert knowledge which may be unavailable. Full use of this resource by ocean and fisheries researchers is restrained by limitations in knowledge on the regional to sub-regional spatiotemporal characteristics of the ocean surface. To lay the foundations for more expert, knowledge-driven research, temporal signatures and temporal baselines need to be identified and quantified in large datasets. There is an opportunity for data-driven hypertemporal methodologies. This review examines nearly 25 years of advances in exploratory hypertemporal research, and how methodologies developed for terrestrial research should be adapted when tasked towards ocean applications. It highlights research gaps which impede methodology transfer, and suggests achievable research areas to be addressed as short-term priorities.
RELA��O DA SATISFA��O COM A FIDELIDADE
Authors: Oliveira Tamires De Freitas , Estender Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2019

Este artigo se prop�e a compreender as percep��es dos stakeholders sobre fatores que influenciam a satisfa��o e fidelidade dos clientes. Para a aplica��o pr�tica, visa tamb�m solucionar. Por qu� a qualidade no atendimento � importante para obter a satisfa��o e fideliza��o dos clientes, tem como objetivo demonstrar fatores que influenciam na satisfa��o e fidelidade dos clientes no ramo de gr�fica. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de estudo de caso �nico, em uma empresa do setor de presta��o de servi�os, onde foram realizadas 22 entrevistas de natureza qualitativa e explorat�ria, sendo a coleta de dados efetuada por meio de question�rios destinados aos stakeholders. Observou-se que os principais resultados foram o aumento do quadro de funcion�rios, para solucionar ou diminuir as problem�ticas da empresa apontadas; habilitar novos meios de comunica��es de qualidade com os clientes. Diante do exposto as implica��es mais relevantes foram desorganiza��o nas execu��es das atividades e desmotiva��o dos funcion�rios que pode consequentemente afetar no resultado de toda empresa.
CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL COMO SATISFA��O DOS COLABORADORES
Authors: Santana Jose Jeronimo , Estender Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho prop�e a compreender as percep��es dos organiza��es sobre clima organizacional para a aplica��o pr�tica motiva��o dos colaboradores, visa tamb�m solucionar problemas espec�ficos, no caso, insatisfa��o no ambiente trabalho Tem como objetivo verificar motiva��o dos colaboradores; no ramo entendimento sobre as organiza��es. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de estudo de caso �nico, em uma empresa do setor de seguran�a patrimonial, onde foram realizadas 25 entrevistas de natureza qualitativa e explorat�ria, sendo a coleta de dados efetuada por meio de question�rios destinados aos supervisores, visitantes e colaboradores. O clima organizacional � uma vari�vel que influi diretamente na produtividade, pois o grau de salubridade de uma organiza��o depende de sua atmosfera psicol�gica. Esta atmosfera � fruto de conjunto de percep��es das pessoas que compartilham seu dia-a-dia com a organiza��o. A pesquisa reler� a realidade percebida pelos colaboradores e n�o somente efetivamente o que acontece. Se a qualidade do trabalho for boa, conduzir� a um clima de confian�a e respeito m�tuo, no qual o indiv�duo tender� a aumentar suas contribui��es e elevar suas oportunidades de �xito psicol�gico e administra��o tender� a reduzir mecanismos r�gidos de controle social.
RECRUTAMENTO E SELE��O: VIS�O ESTRAT�GICA PARA O SUCESSO ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Estevam Caliane Oliveira , Molteni Ang�lica
Published: October 2019

Pretende-se nesse artigo analisar o processo de recrutamento e sele��o no contexto organizacional e suas contribui��es para o sucesso empresarial, al�m de observar os aspectos e tipos de t�cnicas que s�o empregadas nesse processo. Trata-se de uma revis�o de literatura, buscando os principais postulados sobre esta tem�tica, ancorando-se em autores renomados sobre o assunto, e em pesquisas relacionadas ao recrutamento e sele��o. Com a apura��o dos dados, houve um consenso em considerar o recrutamento como um mecanismo utilizado pela empresa para atrair o maior n�mero de candidatos. Para tanto, vale-se de diferentes abordagens para p recebimento dos curr�culos dos interessados, podendo acontecer de maneira interna, externa ou mista, neste caso, considerando os dois primeiros tipos de recrutamento. Em rela��o � sele��o, verificou-se que representa uma estrat�gia para, a partir do universo de candidatos, escolher aquele que apresenta as habilidades a capacidade necess�ria para o desempenho das atividades. Ainda, a pesquisa evidenciou a relev�ncia destes dois procedimentos como forma de possibilitar o desenvolvimento organizacional. Por esse motivo, o setor de RH deve atentar-se para estabelecer estrat�gias de recrutamento e de sele��o alinhadas � realidade empresarial, e de forma suficiente para atender �s demandas contempor�neas, a partir de seu quadro de colaboradores. Sendo assim, quando adequados, estes processos faz a diferen�a no final, pois pode escolher o candidato mais apto para preencher a vaga. Segundo Chiavenato (2014) respeitar as etapas do processo de Recrutamento e Sele��o � chave para que o processo de recrutamento e sele��o seja eficaz.
CONSTRUCTING AN OPTICAL LUNAR NAVIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON SPACECRAFT MADE BY LAVOCHKIN ASSOCIATION
Authors: BAGROV A.V. , DMITRIEV A.O. , LEONOV V.A. , MOSKATINYEV I.V. , SYSOEV V.K. , SHIRSHAKOV A.E.
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the problem of developing an optical system for global positioning on the Moon to within one meter designed to service a limited number of users. It was demonstrated that the optimal solution of the problem would be to continuously monitor the positions of laser light beacons on the lunar surface from on-board an artificial satellite of the Moon equipped with an onboard TV camera, as well as from onboard a spacecraft placed at the L1 and L2 Lagrange points of the Earth-Moon system. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of a global lunar optical navigation and communications system based on space systems projects that are being developed at NPO Lavochkin: Spektr-UV observatory, lunar spacecraft Luna-25 and Luna-26. The use of these space systems will make it possible to start working in realistic terms on the navigation/communications system as a part of the future engineering infrastructure for lunar exploration.
Keywords: telescope, optical navigation system, lunar base, Lagrange point, Spektr-UV, Luna-25, Luna-26.
USING PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD TO SEARCH FOR PROPELLANT-OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ATTITUDE CONTROL MANEUVERS
Authors: Prutko A.A. , Atroshenkov S.N. , Bogachev A.V. , Starchenko A.E.
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the problem of searching for propellant-optimal trajectories of the International Space Station attitude control maneuvers involving spatial turns through large angles using attitude control jet thrusters. Development of such algorithms for controlling the ISS angular motion is currently a crucial task for Russian developers of the onboard software. In order to generate the optimal trajectory for the attitude control maneuver, the paper proposes to use the Lobatto pseudospectral method. This method allows stating the optimal control problem as a nonlinear mathematical programming problem which can be solved using the method of sequential quadratic programming. Simulation results demonstrated significant savings of attitude control thrusters propellant and life during station attitude control maneuvers in comparison with the algorithms that are currently used in the motion control system of the ISS Russian Segment.
Key words: International Space Station, optimal control problem, angular motion control, pseudospectral method, nonlinear programming
POWER BUDGET OF THE SCIENCE AND POWER MODULE DURING ITS FREE FLIGHT AND INTEGRATION INTO THE ISS RUSSIAN SEGMENT
Authors: ELIZAROV Yu.S. , KUZNETSOV A.V. , ABDULKHALIKOV R.M. , BIDEEV A.G. , KHAMITS I.I.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents data obtained as a result of solving the power balance computation problem for the Science and Power Module (SPM) during the most difficult phase of its flight — up until the point in time when its solar arrays are deployed.
The calculation took into account: prediction of the lighting and shadowing environment and the angle between the SPM orbital plane and direction towards the Sun; timeline of the SPM free flight, which takes into account changes in its attitude; timeline of SPM integration into the ISS Russian Segment, including the SPM docking and re-docking and the SPM solar array deployment.
The feasibility of implementing the nominal flight plan of the module is demonstrated, a problem was identified with carrying out the SPM re-docking and pull-away maneuver in case of a miss. Measures are proposed for solving the above problem.
Key words: Science and Power Module, power balance, ISS Russian Segment, free flight, docking, solar arrays, nickel-hydrogen storage battery
TRADEOFF ANALYSIS OF HIGH-POWER ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS BASED ON DOMESTIC ELECTRIC PROPULSION ENGINES AND POTENTIAL FOR THEIR USE IN ORBIT-TO-ORBIT TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION
Authors: GUSEV Yu.G. , PILNIKOV A.V. , SUVOROV S.E.
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses design solutions for increased-power and high-power electric rocket propulsion systems to be used in orbit-to-orbit transfer vehicles and advanced spacecraft. It reviews characteristics of their components from the standpoint of the mission to reboost the spacecraft to their target orbits, to perform the operations of transportation to the lunar orbit and to explore deep space. It discusses key criteria and procedures for selection of components, as well as problem areas in their development and ground developmental testing.
The paper analyses pros and cons of using various versions of propulsion systems based on medium- and high-power electrical propulsion engines, the current status of their component development, as well as the technical feasibility of conducting developmental tests on the ground.
Key words: electric propulsion engine, propulsion system, propulsion module, propellant storage system, power supply and control system, vacuum chamber, vacuum system.
SIMULATION OF THE CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLAR BATTERIES WITH CONSIDERING DECREASE OF LIGHTING DUE TO THE INFLUENCE OF JETS OF THE ELECTRIC PROPULSION
Authors: MIGUNOV Ya.N. , ONUFRIEV V.V.
Published: October 2019

A model for calculating the voltage-current characteristic of a solar array in the presence of a temperature gradient by its photovoltaic converters and their variable illumination due to possible pollution under the action of space factors, including operation of electric rocket engines, is described. The model is based on the main equation of a solar cell. In this case both a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional temperature gradients are taken into account. The principles of constructing a model are given, and the initial data selection is made. To simulate the lighting conditions of the solar array such a concept as effective illumination is used, i.e. the density of the radiation flux which falls on photovoltaic converters passing through the protective coatings. The features of simulation of the temperature distribution in the solar array and the effective illumination of its surface in cases of parallel, serial and mixed switching of solar cells are described. The calculation procedures and examples of solar cells are given. The construction of the model in universal mathematical package Mathcad is described. Some simulation results are discussed.
Key words: solar array, mathematical simulation, illumination, temperature gradient, electric rocket engine, spacecraft, Mathcad.
The European Union's foreign policy in challenging times: Confirmation hearing of the Hon. Josep Borrell before the Foreign Affairs Committee of the European Parliament for the position of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission
Authors: Borrell Josep
Published: October 2019

On 7 October 2019, Josep Borrell took part in his confirmation hearing at the European Parliament as the designated High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy / Vice-President of the European Commission for the 2019-2024 term. Both in his introductory remarks and in the ex- change with the MEPS, as well as in his final remarks, Mr. Borrell presented his vision for the European Union’s foreign policy. He called for European unity to develop a truly integrated Union foreign policy that corresponds to its stature as a global player and highlighted both challenges and opportunities for Europe in an international context that is more defiant than expected.
A apropriação do pensamento marxiano e os fundamentos ontológicos da ética: algumas aproximações teóricas | The appropriation of Marxian thought and the ontological foundations of ethics: some theoretical approaches
Authors: Silva Everton Melo da
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute sobre o processo de apropriação ideopolítica, epistemológica e ontológica da teoria social de Karl Marx pelo Serviço Social brasileiro, especificando a discussão dos fundamentos ontológicos da ética. O artigo é parte das reflexões desenvolvidas na disciplina “Relações sociais e Serviço Social”, no âmbito do Programa de Pós-graduação em Serviço Social/UFAL, e de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que versou sobre a literatura crítica do Serviço Social, com destaque para os autores Marilda Iamamoto, José Paulo Netto e Lúcia Barroco, e sobre os fundamentos do trabalho e da ética, sustentado em Karl Marx, György Lukács e Sérgio Lessa. O resultado principal da pesquisa aponta que o Serviço Social, por meio da apropriação ontológica do pensamento marxiano, pôde pensar e problematizar o complexo da ética na sociabilidade humana, tomando o trabalho enquanto fundamento ontológico do ser social.
Reconceituação do Serviço Social e seminários latino-americanos: análise da participação da Escola de Porto Alegre | Social work reconception and Latin American seminars: analysis of the participation of the Porto Alegre School
Authors: Scheffer Graziela , Closs Thaisa , Zacarias Inez
Published: October 2019

Esse artigo é fruto da terceira etapa da pesquisa “O Movimento de Reconceituação Latino-americano na Escola de Serviço Social de Porto Alegre”, que visa identificar as bases do debate latino-americano nesta escola. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório com entrevistas, consultas a artigos, livros e documentos históricos a fim de caracterizar a expressão de tendência reconceituadora na Escola de Porto Alegre, assim como sua repercussão no Movimento de Reconceituação na América Latina. O artigo tem como fio condutor os seminários latino-americanos de Serviço Social e a participação dos professores gaúchos nesses eventos. Destaca-se também a trajetória de Seno Cornely, na época professor da Escola de Serviço Social de Porto Alegre (ESS-POA), por seu protagonismo no Movimento de Reconceituação e sua intensa participação na articulação profissional na América Latina.
A Atuação do Estado de Minas Gerais na implementação da Política Nacional de Assistência Social | The performance of the State of Minas Gerais in the implementation of the National Social Assistance Policy
Authors: Faria Eunice Silvia de , Eiras Alexandra Aparecida Leite Toffanetto Seabra
Published: October 2019

Analisamos a implementação da Política Nacional de Assistência Social/Sistema Único de Assistência Social - PNAS/SUAS,em Minas Gerais, no período de 2007 a 2014, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, referente às atas do Conselho Estadual de Assistência Social e da legislação atinente à temática, além de basearmo-nos na pesquisa de campo com os Diretores Regionais e Técnicos de Nível Superior das Diretorias Regionais da Secretaria de Estado de Trabalho e Desenvolvimento Social - SEDESE. Constatamos que a PNAS fortaleceu as Diretorias Regionais, em sua expansão e interiorização, e elas atuam no sentido do cumprimento de seu papel enquanto ente estadual regionalizado, porém carecem de maior suporte para exercer em plenitude as suas atribuições, apresentando-se como grandes gargalos a centralização das ações e a falta de financiamento para melhoria da sua capacidade institucional.