bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introspective classification for robot perception
Authors: Grimmett Hugo , Triebel Rudolph , Paul Rohan , Posner Ingmar
Published: August 2015

In robotics, the use of a classification framework which produces scores with inappropriate confidences will ultimately lead to the robot making dangerous decisions. In order to select a framework which will make the best decisions, we should pay careful attention to the ways in which it generates scores. Precision and recall have been widely adopted as canonical metrics to quantify the performance of learning algorithms, but for robotics applications involving mission-critical decision making, good performance in relation to these metrics is insufficient. We introduce and motivate the importance of a classifier’s introspective capacity: the ability to associate an appropriate assessment of confidence with any test case. We propose that a key ingredient for introspection is a framework’s potential to increase its uncertainty with the distance between a test datum its training data. We compare the introspective capacities of a number of commonly used classification frameworks in both classification and detection tasks, and show that better introspection leads to improved decision making in the context of tasks such as autonomous driving or semantic map generation.
Transecting security and space in Kurdistan, Iraq
Authors: Paasche Till F , Sidaway James D
Published: August 2015

Departing from most coverage of Iraq, which tends to be focused on insecurity, this paper is about securities; drawing on research in the provinces of Iraq administered by the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). In the last decade, the KRG’s territory has experienced very few significant bomb attacks. These were directed against KRG personnel, rather than targeting civilians per se, as so frequently happens elsewhere in Iraq. In contrast, the KRG has enjoyed relative security, enabling fast development. To the southwest however, there is a complex territorial contest between the Peshmerga (armed forces of the KRG), the forces of the central government of Iraq and Islamic State ( al-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah – frequently called ISIS or ISIL in English) whose insurgent territory spans the Iraq–Syria border. To the northeast, the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK), who have contested the Turkish state since the mid-1980s, now control swathes of territory. Transecting these spaces, the paper develops a grounded study of how Kurdish security forces operate. While insecurity continues in the disputed territories and the Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan governs the zone along the Turkish border, the security forces of the KRG utilize very direct forms of surveillance and control. Negotiating these, our paper traverses spaces of security, sovereignty and (disputed) territory.
Making a scene: exploring the dimensions of place through Dutch popular music, 1960–2010
Authors: Brandellero Amanda , Pfeffer Karin
Published: August 2015

This paper applies a multi-layered conceptualisation of place to the analysis of particular music scenes in the Netherlands, 1960–2010. We focus on: the clustering of music-related activities in locations; the delineation of spatially tied music scenes, based on a shared identity, reproduced over time through music practices and memory work; and the scale of interconnections in music practices. Using a variety of data sources (music industry locational data from 2011; pop chart entries, analysed by artist location, music genre, and social network ties; popular music history books; the Canon of Dutch Popular Music, published in 2007), we study the development of music scenes in the country. Our findings reveal that different dimensions of place come together in different combinations in music scenes in the Netherlands, allowing us to highlight three models: the big city; the infrastructure and media model; and the niche model. While we highlight the relative importance of specific locational and economic indicators, we also note the strength of memory work and narratives in legitimising certain local music scenes and supporting their endurance through time.
Structural decomposition analyses: the differences between applying the semi-closed and the open input–output model
Authors: Chen Quanrun , Dietzenbacher Erik , Los Bart
Published: August 2015

The open and the semi-closed input–output model are widely used in impact analysis but usually yield considerably different outcomes. This paper examines whether such differences also exist in structural decomposition analyses. The empirical part considers the decomposition of the growth in gross output and in labor compensation, for China (1997–2007) and for a set of 35 other countries. Our main findings are twofold. First, for gross output growth, both models yield very similar results for the factors they have in common. Therefore, if only the contribution of these common factors is of interest, it does not matter whether the semi-closed or the open input–output model is used. Second, for the analysis of labor compensation growth, both models may yield significantly different results for the labor compensation coefficients. Therefore, if the contribution of changes in labor compensation coefficients is of interest, the semi-closed model is recommended to be used.
“The poor are us”: middle-class poverty politics in Buenos Aires and Seattle
Authors: Lawson Victoria , Elwood Sarah , Canevaro Santiago , Viotti Nicolas
Published: August 2015

We investigate middle-class poverty politics in Seattle and Buenos Aires in a period of recovery from deep neoliberal economic crisis. Reading these cases in relation to one another allows us to examine what sorts of class subjects emerge in the US, which is theorized as remaining deeply entrenched in neoliberal governance and Argentina, conceptualized as postneoliberal. We investigate the poverty politics of middle-class residents engaged in anti- or pro-poor activism against homeless encampments or squatter settlements in urban neighborhoods. Rooted in relational poverty theory, we conceptualize these forms of activism as relational practices through which class subjectivities are reiterated or challenged through interactions across class lines. Specifically, we examine (i) how middle-class actors frame their differences or alliances with poorer residents and (ii) how these framings of middle-class selves and poorer others are expressed in poverty politics and cross-class antagonisms or alliances. Our analysis reveals poverty as a key site for the making of middle-class actors as individualized, aspirational, normative subjects in both countries. And yet the poverty politics of middle-class actors is not a foregone conclusion because cross-class alliances do arise, pointing toward the potential for alternative readings of class difference.
Making the most of community energies: Three perspectives on grassroots innovation
Authors: Smith Adrian , Hargreaves Tom , Hielscher Sabine , Martiskainen Mari , Seyfang Gill
Published: August 2015

Grassroots innovations for sustainability are attracting increasing policy attention. Drawing upon a wide range of empirical research into community energy in the UK, and taking recent support from national government as a case study, we apply three distinct analytical perspectives: strategic niche management, niche policy advocacy, and critical niches. Whilst the first and second perspectives appear to explain policy influence in grassroots innovation adequately, each also shuts out more transformational possibilities. We therefore argue that, if grassroots innovation is to realise its full potential, then we need to also pursue a third, critical niches perspective, and open up debate about more socially transformative pathways to sustainability.
Crowdsourcing the landscape of cannabis (marijuana) of the contiguous United States
Authors: Wang Mingshu
Published: August 2015

Since cannabis (marijuana) has been listed by the U.S. federal government as a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, legalization of cannabis has been a hot topic for decades. In this featured graphic, a total number of 296,192 self-reported cannabis records from the contiguous United States were collected by crowdsourcing. With a national average cannabis price of 284 USD/oz., states with the highest price of cannabis are where cannabis possession/selling is illegal and the sample size is small; states with the lowest price of cannabis where cannabis possession/selling is legal.
Technological diversification and new innovators in European regions: evidence from patent data
Authors: Corradini Carlo , De Propris Lisa
Published: August 2015

This paper assesses the impact of regional technological diversification on the emergence of new innovators across EU regions. Integrating analyses from regional economics, economic geography and technological change literatures, we explore the role that the regional embeddedness of actors characterised by diverse technological competencies may have in fostering novel and sustained interactions leading to new technological combinations. In particular, we test whether greater technological diversification improve regional ‘combinatorial’ opportunities leading to the emergence of new innovators. The analysis is based on panel data obtained merging regional economic data from Eurostat and patent data from the CRIOS-PATSTAT database over the period 1997–2006, covering 178 regions across 10 EU Countries. Accounting for different measures of economic and innovative activity at the NUTS2 level, our findings suggest that the regional co-location of diverse technological competencies contributes to the entry of new innovators, thereby shaping technological change and industry dynamics. Thus, this paper brings to the fore a better understanding of the relationship between regional diversity and technological change.
Ich will nicht nach Berlin! – Life course analysis of inter-regional migration behaviour of people from the field of design and advertising
Authors: Alfken Christoph
Published: August 2015

Florida's idea that people, rather than the business climate, attracts talents from outside a region has induced a huge number of studies that test his concept of a ‘creative class’. Most studies are quantitative in nature and deal with ‘observed choices’. Qualitative research can complement these studies by revealing the intrinsic motivations for migration. However, many qualitative studies lack a life course perspective that is essential for understanding migration. This article presents results from a case study that applied the life history calendar method using in-depth interviews with individuals from the field of design and advertising in three German regions. The results show that the intention to move and the motives of migration vary significantly over a person's lifetime. Social relations, qualifications and employment opportunities as well as self-employment are the main reasons for moving or staying. There is little evidence that soft location factors such as openness and tolerance shape migration decisions and destination choices. The stories of the interviewees are lively accounts why not all creative people gravitate towards creative hubs like Berlin and instead settle down in second-tier cities.
Learning the rules of the ‘student game’: transforming the ‘student habitus’ through [im]mobility
Authors: Holton Mark
Published: August 2015

In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged concerning the mobilities of students, specifically relating to the interactions between local and non-local students, which can accentuate unequal access to education; social interactions and learner outcomes. Central to much of this literature is a sense that being mobile in institutional choice is the most appropriate and expected approach to successful university life. Conversely, local students, disadvantaged by their age, history, external commitments and immobility, are thought to be unlikely to share the same ‘student experiences’ as their traditional counterparts, leading to feelings of alienation within the student community. This paper will seek to problematise this binary by examining the experiences of a group of local and non-local students studying at the University of Portsmouth using Bourdieu's reading of habitus and capital. This is useful as it provides a more critical insight into how students’ [dis]advantaged learner identities are [re]produced through their everyday sociability. Moreover, these findings extend previous discussions of first year transitions by questioning the influence of accommodation upon the formation of identities and the initial experiences of ‘being’, or ‘becoming’ students. This paper also seeks to extend previous theoretical tendencies that privilege identity formation through mobility rather than stasis.
Assembling sustainable territories: space, subjects, objects, and expertise in seafood certification
Authors: Vandergeest Peter , Ponte Stefano , Bush Simon
Published: August 2015

The authors show how certification assembles ‘sustainable’ territories through a complex layering of regulatory authority in which both government and nongovernment entities claim rule-making authority, sometimes working together, sometimes in parallel, sometimes competitively. It is argued that territorialisation is accomplished not just through (re)defining bounded space, but more broadly through the assembling of four elements: space, subjects, objects, and expertise. Four case studies of sustainability certification in seafood are analyzed to show that ‘green gabbing’ is not necessarily the central dynamic in assembling sustainable territories, and that certification always involves state agencies in determining how the key elements that comprise it are defined. Whereas some state agencies have been suspicious of sustainability certification, others have embraced it or even used it to extend their sovereignty.The authors call for more nuanced understandings of sustainability certification as made up of multiple logics beyond the market.
Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kweon Christopher , Gagnier Joel J. , Robbins Christopher B. , Bedi Asheesh , Carpenter James E. , Miller Bruce S.
Published: August 2015

Background:

Rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder disorder resulting in significant disability to patients and financial burden on the health care system. While both surgical and nonsurgical management are accepted treatment options, there is a paucity of data to support a treatment algorithm for care providers. Defining variables to guide treatment allocation may be important for patient education and counseling, as well as to deliver the most efficient care plan at the time of presentation.

Purpose:

To identify independent variables at the time of initial clinical presentation that are associated with preferred allocation to surgical versus nonsurgical management for patients with known full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Study Design:

Case control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 196 consecutive adult patients with known full-thickness rotator cuff tears were enrolled into a prospective cohort study. Robust data were collected for each subject at baseline, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), shoulder activity score, smoking status, size of cuff tear, duration of symptoms, functional comorbidity index, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff index (WORC), and the Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12). Logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with treatment allocation, and the corresponding odds ratios were calculated.

Results:

Of the 196 patients enrolled, 112 underwent surgical intervention and 84 nonoperative management. With covariates controlled for, significant baseline patient characteristics predictive of eventual allocation to surgical treatment included younger age, lower BMI, and durations of symptoms less than 1 year. Increasing age, higher BMI, and duration of symptoms longer than 1 year were predictive of nonsurgical treatment. Factors that were not associated with treatment allocation included sex, tear size, functional comorbidity score, or any of the patient-derived outcome scores at presentation (ASES, WORC, VR-12, shoulder activity score).

Conclusion:

Patient demographics at the time of initial presentation for a symptomatic rotator cuff tear are more predictive of treatment allocation to a surgical or nonoperative approach than the patient-derived outcome scores for activity level and shoulder disability. Further study is warranted to help define appropriate indications for treatment allocation in patients with rotator cuff tears.
The Politics of Custom: Blood Money, Disputes, and Tribal Leadership in Western India
Authors: Bordia Devika
Published: August 2015

In this article I trace the events around a murder case in the regions inhabited by the Bhils in Southern Rajasthan. The manner in which the case is addressed reveals the intersection between panchayat (village councils), police and court practices. The case also demonstrates how everyday legal practices make visible political affiliations, loyalties, and associations among tribal leaders, and reveals shifts that have taken place in the local formations of power and authority.
Healthcare waste management research: A structured analysis and review (2005–2014)
Authors: Thakur Vikas , Ramesh A
Published: August 2015

The importance of healthcare waste management in preserving the environment and protecting the public cannot be denied. Past research has dealt with various issues in healthcare waste management and disposal, which spreads over various journals, pipeline research disciplines and research communities. Hence, this article analyses this scattered knowledge in a systematic manner, considering the period between January 2005 and July 2014. The purpose of this study is to: (i) identify the trends in healthcare waste management literature regarding journals published; (ii) main topics of research in healthcare waste management; (iii) methodologies used in healthcare waste management research; (iv) areas most frequently researched by researchers; and (v) determine the scope of future research in healthcare waste management. To this end, the authors conducted a systematic review of 176 articles on healthcare waste management taken from the following eight esteemed journals: International Journal of Environmental Health Research, International Journal of Healthcare Quality Assurance, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Hazardous Material, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Resources, Conservations and Recycling, Waste Management, and Waste Management & Research. The authors have applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches for analysis, and results will be useful in the following ways: (i) results will show importance of healthcare waste management in healthcare operations; (ii) findings will give a comparative view of the various publications; (c) study will shed light on future research areas.
Circadian Regulation of Macronutrient Absorption
Authors: Hussain M. Mahmood , Pan Xiaoyue
Published: August 2015

Various intestinal functions exhibit circadian rhythmicity. Disruptions in these rhythms as in shift workers and transcontinental travelers are associated with intestinal discomfort. Circadian rhythms are controlled at the molecular level by core clock and clock-controlled genes. These clock genes are expressed in intestinal cells, suggesting that they might participate in the circadian regulation of intestinal functions. A major function of the intestine is nutrient absorption. Here, we will review absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and circadian regulation of various transporters involved in their absorption. A better understanding of circadian regulation of intestinal absorption might help control several metabolic disorders and attenuate intestinal discomfort associated with disruptions in sleep-wake cycles.
The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Women’s Physical Health: Findings From the Missouri Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Bosch Jeane , Weaver Terri L. , Arnold Lauren D. , Clark Eddie M.
Published: August 2015

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem. It has far reaching consequences such as social and economic costs, as well as a negative impact on women’s health outcomes. This study assessed the relationship between IPV and health risk factors, health behaviors, and poor mental health in Missouri women utilizing 2005 Missouri Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data ( n = 3,110). Moderators (demographic indicators) of the relationship between IPV and health risk factors (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity) and health behaviors (physical inactivity, smoking, and binge drinking) were also examined. Women with a history of IPV were more likely to engage in health-compromising behaviors such as smoking and binge drinking, be obese, and report more poor mental health days compared with women without a history of IPV. Demographic variables moderated the relationship between IPV, obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. These findings underscore the importance that clinics, community, or other health care settings can play in identifying women who are victims of or have a history of IPV and provide them with appropriate resources as well as targeted interventions to reduce morbidity in this population.
Conflicts as Aversive Signals for Control Adaptation
Authors: Dreisbach Gesine , Fischer Rico
Published: August 2015

The dynamic adaptation of cognitive control in the face of competition from conflicting response tendencies is one of the hallmarks of flexible human action control. Here, we suggest an alternative framework that places conflict-triggered control adaptation into the broader context of affect regulation. Specifically, we review evidence showing that (a) conflicts are inherently aversive, that (b) aversive stimuli in the absence of conflict also trigger behavioral adjustments, and, finally, that (c) conflict stimuli do trigger processes of affective counter-regulation. Together with recent findings showing that conflict-triggered control adaptation depends on the subjective experience of the conflict, we suggest that it is the subjective aversive conflict experience that originally motivates control adaptations. Such a view offers new perspectives for investigating and understanding intra- and interindividual differences in the regulation of cognitive control by differentiating between the individual sensitivity to experience and the individual ability to utilize the aversive signal.
Retrieval-Induced Forgetting and Context
Authors: Jonker Tanya R. , Seli Paul , MacLeod Colin M.
Published: August 2015

Retrieving information can result in the forgetting of related information, a phenomenon referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). To date, the dominant explanation of RIF has been an inhibition account, which emphasizes long-term suppression of interfering memories. As one alternative, some have advocated for a strength-based interference account, which emphasizes the role of strengthening associations. More recently, we have proposed a context account, which emphasizes the role of context change and context reinstatement. In this article, we outline these three accounts of RIF and demonstrate that there is substantial evidence that uniquely supports our context account.
How Word Meaning Influences Word Reading
Authors: Taylor J. S. H. , Duff Fiona J. , Woollams Anna M. , Monaghan Padraic , Ricketts Jessie
Published: August 2015

Understanding how we read is a fundamental question for psychology, with critical implications for education. Studies of word reading tend to focus on the mappings between the written and spoken forms of words. In this article, we review evidence from developmental, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and computational studies that show that knowledge of word meanings is inextricably involved in word reading. Consequently, models of reading must better specify the role of meaning in skilled reading and its acquisition. Further, our review paves the way for educationally realistic research to confirm whether explicit teaching of oral vocabulary improves word reading.
Successful Psychopathy
Authors: Lilienfeld Scott O. , Watts Ashley L. , Smith Sarah Francis
Published: August 2015

Long the stuff of clinical lore, successful psychopathy has recently become the focus of research. Although numerous authors have conjectured that psychopathic traits are sometimes associated with occupational or interpersonal success, rigorous evidence for this assertion has thus far been minimal. We provide a status report on successful-psychopathy research, address controversies surrounding successful psychopathy, examine evidence for competing models of this construct, and offer desiderata for future research.
The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics
Authors: Chabris Christopher F. , Lee James J. , Cesarini David , Benjamin Daniel J. , Laibson David I.
Published: August 2015

Behavior genetics is the study of the relationship between genetic variation and psychological traits. Turkheimer (2000) proposed “Three Laws of Behavior Genetics” based on empirical regularities observed in studies of twins and other kinships. On the basis of molecular studies that have measured DNA variation directly, we propose a Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics: “A typical human behavioral trait is associated with very many genetic variants, each of which accounts for a very small percentage of the behavioral variability.” This law explains several consistent patterns in the results of gene-discovery studies, including the failure of candidate-gene studies to robustly replicate, the need for genome-wide association studies (and why such studies have a much stronger replication record), and the crucial importance of extremely large samples in these endeavors. We review the evidence in favor of the Fourth Law and discuss its implications for the design and interpretation of gene-behavior research.
Brain-Body Pathways Linking Psychological Stress and Physical Health
Authors: Gianaros Peter J. , Wager Tor D.
Published: August 2015

Psychological stress is thought to arise from appraisal processes that ascribe threat-related meaning to experiences that tax or exceed our coping ability. Neuroimaging research indicates that these appraisal processes originate in brain systems that also control physiological stress reactions in the body. Separate lines of research in health psychology and behavioral medicine indicate that these physiological stress reactions confer risk for physical disease. Accordingly, integrative research that cuts across historically separated disciplines may help to define the brain-body pathways linking psychological stress to physical health. We describe recent studies aimed at this goal, focusing on studies of the brain bases of stressor-evoked cardiovascular-system reactions and heart disease risk. We also outline an interpretive framework for these studies, as well as needs for next-generation models and metrics to better understand how the brain encodes and embodies stress in relation to health.
‘In both our languages’: Greek–Latin code-switching in Roman literature
Authors: Mullen Alex
Published: August 2015

After a short introduction to code-switching and Classics, this article offers an overview of the phenomenon of code-switching in Roman literature with some comments on possible generic restrictions, followed by a survey of Roman attitudes to the practice. The analysis then focuses on Roman letter writing and investigates code-switching in the second-century correspondence of Fronto (mainly letters between Marcus Aurelius, who became Emperor in AD 161, and his tutor Fronto). This discussion uses part of a new detailed database of Greek code-switches in Roman epistolography and is largely sociolinguistic in approach. It makes comparisons with other ancient and modern corpora where possible and highlights the value of code-switching research in responding to a range of (socio)linguistic, literary and historical questions.
The Internationalization of Japan’s Academy Across Research and Non-Research Universities
Authors: Huang Futao
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this article is to look at the internationalization of both Japanese faculty members’ teaching and research activities and their affiliated institutions, as well as their views on international connections between research universities and non-research universities based on major findings from the latest national survey which was implemented in 2011. The study begins with a brief introduction to the research framework and methodology. Then by dividing all Japanese universities into two types—research universities and non-research universities—it examines important observations about the teaching and research activities which were undertaken by individual academics and occurred in their institutions, as well as individual academics’ attitudes toward international issues. The study concludes by providing two major findings: First, the overall internationalization of Japan’s universities is primarily concerned with the attraction of foreign students to Japanese campus and sending out Japanese students to other countries at an institutional level, while at an individual level, a majority of academics are still receptive to new ideas from foreign books and journals in comparison with their views on other international connections; second, there appears to be a much higher level of international activities in which respondents from research universities are involved and which are carried out in research universities. Furthermore, the study presents some implications for research, policy, and institutions.
Psychotropic Treatment Pattern in Medicaid Pediatric Patients With Concomitant ADHD and ODD/CD
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Shah Vaishali , Kubilis Paul , Xu Dandan , Bussing Regina , Winterstein Almut G.
Published: August 2015

Objective: To describe psychotropic treatment pattern and evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors and psychotropic combination therapy in children with ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Method: This is a cross-sectional drug utilization study based on Medicaid fee-for-service programs in 26 U.S. states (1999-2006). Children aged 4 to 18 with concomitant ADHD and ODD/CD were included. We calculated the prevalence of psychotropic drugs and used logistic regression to evaluate the role of socio-demographic factors in psychotropic combination therapy. Results: We identified 121,740 children with ADHD and ODD/CD (140,777 person-years). The period prevalence of “no psychotropic therapy,” psychotropic monotherapy, and psychotropic dual therapy was 38.1%, 44.7%, and 9.0%, respectively. The most common drug class was stimulants. Whites, males, and children in foster care were more likely to use psychotropic combination therapy. State-level variation was observed. Conclusion: “No psychotropic therapy” and stimulants dominate treatment choices in children with ADHD and ODD/CD. Socio-demographic characteristics are associated with combination psychotropic therapy.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Treatment-Seeking Alcohol Dependence Patients With and Without ADHD
Authors: Roncero Carlos , Ortega Lluisa , Pérez-Pazos Jesús , Lligoña Anna , Abad Alfonso C. , Gual Antoni , Sorribes Marta , Grau-López Lara , Casas Miquel , Daigre Constanza
Published: August 2015

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of ADHD in adult patients treated for alcohol dependence and to analyze the characteristics of consumption and psychiatric comorbidity, in function of a possible ADHD in adulthood. Method: We administered the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) to 726 alcohol-dependent patients. Clinical diagnosis, following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria was made in the first four weeks of treatment. A subsample of 297 patients was evaluated using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID-II) to test the psychometric properties of ASRS. Results: After analyzing the properties of the ASRS (sensitivity: 83.3%; specificity: 66.1%), the prevalence of ADHD, in the whole sample, was estimated to be 16.2%. Being younger, lifetime history of cocaine dependence and the presence of an affective, anxiety or personality disorder were associated with a possible ADHD. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of ADHD in patients being treated for alcohol dependence is high, and the presence of a possible ADHD in adulthood is associated with an increase in psychiatric comorbidity.
Evaluation of intranasal vaccine administration and high-dose interferon- α2b therapy for treatment of chronic upper respiratory tract infections in shelter cats
Authors: Fenimore Audra , Carter Kasey , Fankhauser Jeffrey , Hawley Jennifer R , Lappin Michael R
Published: August 2015

Clinical signs of upper respiratory tract infection can be hard to manage in cats, particularly those in shelters. In this study, clinical data were collected from chronically ill (3–4 weeks’ duration) cats with suspected feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) or feline calicivirus (FCV) infections after administration of one of two novel therapies. Group A cats were administered a commercially available formulation of human interferon-α2b at 10,000 U/kg subcutaneously for 14 days, and group B cats were administered one dose of a FHV-1 and FCV intranasal vaccine. Molecular assays for FHV-1 and FCV were performed on pharyngeal samples, and a number of cytokines were measured in the blood of some cats. A clinical score was determined daily for 14 days, with cats that developed an acceptable response by day 14 returning to the shelter for adoption. Those failing the first treatment protocol were entered into the alternate treatment group. During the first treatment period, 8/13 cats in group A (61.5%) and all 12 cats in group B (100%) had apparent responses. The seven cats positive for nucleic acids of FHV-1 or FCV responded favorably, independent of the treatment group. There were no differences in cytokine levels between cats that responded to therapy or failed therapy. Either protocol assessed here may be beneficial in alleviating chronic clinical signs of suspected feline viral upper respiratory tract disease in some cats that have failed other, more conventional, therapies. The results of this study warrant additional research involving these protocols.
Field comparison of tolerance of a collar containing 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin (Seresto) and a placebo collar placed on cats
Authors: Fink Heidi , Wennogle Sara , Davis Wendell L , Von Simson Cristiano , Lappin Michael R
Published: August 2015

Objectives

A collar containing 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin (Seresto; Bayer Animal Health) controls flea and tick infestations for 8 months and is effective in preventing transmission of Bartonella henselae and Cytauxzoon felis among cats. The purpose of this study was to compare tolerance of client-owned cats for the 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collar or a physically identical placebo collar.

Methods

A total of 96 client-owned cats were enrolled in the study. Cats that were systemically ill, of hairless breed or declawed in all four limbs were excluded. Cats were randomized by household to wear a placebo collar for 14 days followed by the 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collar for 14 days or the 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collar for 28 days. Examinations by a veterinarian were performed on days 0, 14 and 28. Owners recorded daily systemic and local health observations.

Results

All but two cats, including one that entrapped the mandible in the collar and one that developed local pyodermatitis (10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collar), completed the 28 day study. The majority of the local lesions or licking associated with the collars occurred in the first 14 days, and licking (but not skin lesions) was more common in cats wearing the 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collars. No local lesions were reported for placebo cats after switching to the 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collar, and only one cat wearing the 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collar had reports of licking after day 14. Housing status, single or multiple cat household, and whether a collar had been worn previously were not associated with side effects.

Conclusions and relevance

Adverse events detected for cats wearing 10.0% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin collars were similar to those for cats wearing placebo collars and to cats wearing identification collars in a separate study. The data suggest that most cats originally intolerant of collars become receptive over time.
Work as the contemporary limit of life: Capitalism, the death drive, and the lethal fantasy of ‘work–life balance’
Authors: Bloom Peter
Published: August 2015

This article introduces contemporary discourses of ‘work–life balance’ as a cultural fantasy revolving self-hood around employment and organizations. To do so, it draws on the Lacanian interpretation of the Freudian ‘death drive’ to highlight the importance of ‘disequilibrium’ for the construction of the subject and individual identification therein. More precisely, it reflects on the ways this structuring of self-hood associated with the impossible pursuit of ‘equilibrium’ maps out onto present desires for ‘work–life balance’ and its subsequent production of a regulated ‘imbalanced’ subject. It argues that individuals are maintained as subjects through their identification with and paradoxical enjoyment, or jouissance, from being ‘imbalanced’. Consequently, capitalist work and organizations stand as the contemporary limit of ‘life’ through their fundamental role in producing and sustaining this ‘imbalanced’ subject in search of ‘balance’. It is ironically in this longing to overcome this ‘imbalance’, to ‘work to live’, that individuals remain even more strongly a capitalist and organizational ‘subject of desire’. They literally cannot go on subjectively ‘living’ without capitalist work.
An Update on Methods for Revascularization and Expansion of the TASC Lesion Classification to Include Below-the-Knee Arteries: A Supplement to the Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II)
Authors:   The TASC Steering Committee*, Jaff Michael R. , White Christopher J. , Hiatt William R. , Fowkes Gerry R. , Dormandy John , Razavi Mahmood , Reekers Jim , Norgren Lars
Published: August 2015

The Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC) guidelines were last updated in 2007 (TASC II) and represented the collaboration of international vascular specialties involved in the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Since the publication of TASC II, there have been innovations in endovascular revascularization strategies for patients with PAD. The intent of this publication is to provide a complete anatomic lower limb TASC lesion classification, including the infrapopliteal segment, and an updated literature review of new endovascular techniques and practice patterns employed by vascular specialists today.
Identity plus? Bi-curiosity, sexual adventurism and the boundaries of ‘straight’ sexual practices and identities
Authors: Albury Kath
Published: August 2015

This article reflects on interview and survey data from a study of non-gay-and-lesbian-identified sex-partiers in New South Wales, Australia, to consider the ways that participants in ‘alternative’ sex sub-cultures (such as BDSM/fetish and swinging) challenge conventional understandings of heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual identity. It seeks to unpack the various meanings that ‘sexual identity’ might hold for those who are both strongly heterosexual and strongly same-sex-attracted. Drawing on queer theorists such as Sara Ahmed (2006) and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick (1990, 1994) and Margaret Robinson’s (2013) framework of ‘strategic identity’, it considers the ways that research participants who express strong, simultaneous affiliations with heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual identities might (productively) trouble academic research and sexual health policy frameworks.
A stunning plurality: Unravelling hetero- and mononormativities through HBO’s Big Love
Authors: Kean Jessica
Published: August 2015

Sexism, heteronormativity and mononormativity are constitutively entangled, but to what extent does undoing one undo the others? Through a reading of HBO’s Big Love, a television series about a polygamous family that is conservative in every way except their plural marriage, this article argues that there are ways in which intimacy might be politically transgressive even as it reinforces gender and sexual norms. Expanding on the definition of ‘mononormativity’ through analogy to Berlant and Warner’s (1998) ‘heteronormativity’ it is argued that in order to do justice to the complexity of intimate politics we must attend to relational norms and their transgression.
‘… but I haven’t got a body to show’: Self-pornification and male mixed feelings in digitally mediated seduction practices
Authors: Lasén Amparo , García Antonio
Published: August 2015

Digital seduction, that is, practices of flirting mediated by social media and other digital applications, usually involves the display and exchange of self-portraits, commonly known as ‘selfies’, displaying nudity and self-pornification. This is a playful and complex presentation of the self, where making, displaying and sharing self-portraits reveal a complex gaze game. Participants are both the subject who takes pictures and the object pictured. They also put themselves in the place of the potential viewers, introducing their preferences, expectations and evaluations. This article presents the results of a preliminary research carried out in Madrid about these practices and the pleasures, gender displacements, disquiets and ambivalent feelings elicited in the case of heterosexual men.
Walking a fine line: Young people negotiate pornified heterosex
Authors: Mulholland Monique
Published: August 2015

Heteronormal histories have been shaped by a recurring set of debates about what kinds of explicit sexual expression and representation are publicly allowed, structured by a form of line-drawing that sanctions certain forms of public heterosexual practice in popular culture and representation. While depictions of heterosexual activity in popular cultural representations are tolerated within certain parameters, and while such parameters around what is possible and acceptable have shifted over time in Anglophone discourses of sexuality, overtly pornographic depictions are consistently cast as a non-normative, deviant form of heterosexual expression.

Over the past decade, the emergence of ‘pornified’ culture prompts us to ask new kinds of questions about heterosexual practice, pointing to some interesting transgressive potentials. What happens when a historically non-normative form of public sexual expression attains a measure of social acceptability? Does this challenge the historical signifiers of good heterosex? To explore these questions, this article draws on a study with young people aged 12–16 in South Australian schools who have some interesting things to say about the ‘explicit’ in public. They describe an alteration to the historical relegation of explicit porn sex to secret private spaces, and articulate how pornified culture works as moments for curious exploration: a fun, fleshy spectacle. However, in making this claim, I (and they) walk a careful line. The extent to which heterosexual porn can be a matter of ‘fun’ and experimentation is simultaneously moderated by historically persistent signifiers of classed and gendered respectability. While the repertoire for open acknowledgment of certain forms of play and pleasure may be opening up (perhaps disrupting existing orthodoxies of heteronormativity in some key ways), heteronormal conventions simultaneously constrain these possibilities.
An exploratory study of the differences in prior travel experience and tourist information sources
Authors: Draper Jason
Published: August 2015

The information search of potential travelers is an important component of tourism. Essentially, it is how travelers learn about tourism destinations, which affects their decision whether or not to visit. The primary purpose of this visitor inquiry study is to group inquirers based on their prior travel to the study destination and total travel. Then, the study examines differences across the different groups of travelers based on prior travel experience and the usefulness of various information sources. Results reveal differences between prior travel experience groups and the importance of previous trips to the study destination, relatives, and official visitors guide as sources of information. Implications for convention and visitor bureaus are discussed.
City-stories: Narrative as diagnostic and strategic resource in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
Authors: Tucker Jennifer
Published: August 2015

Too often, planning theory misidentifies how planning and governance practice actually works in troublesome zones understood as unplanned or ungoverned. To counter this tendency, I use ethnographic research in one of the most active border economies in the hemisphere, where noncompliance with trade and use-of-space laws is widespread. In contrast to the commonly held assessment that Ciudad del Este, Paraguay is lawless and unplanned, I show how planners promote elite-led and exclusionary urban transformation via the strategic deployment of narratives of the unplanned city, what I call “city-stories.” However, city-stories are also a terrain of contestation. I analyze the city-stories of precarious street vendors as a diagnostic of power, as embodied perspectives on everyday practices of regulation that can clarify how local state actors actively foster spatial disorder and legal uncertainty as part of planning practice.
Testing the Existence of a Green Contract
Authors: McGuire David , Germain Marie-Line
Published: August 2015

The Problem

Climate change has been identified as one of the most significant challenges of this generation. Yet, little is known about the reciprocal expectations that organizations and customers have in relation to environmental issues. Moreover, the field of human resource development (HRD) has done little to date to respond to environmental challenges.

The Solution

A set of four hypotheses were tested with a sample of 102 Scottish retail customers to examine some of the expectations customers have in relation to organizations. Three of the four hypotheses were proven indicating a strong correlation between levels of Customer Environmental Commitment/Action and Perceived Organizational Environmental Commitment/Action.

The Stakeholders

The research identifies an important educational role for HRD practitioners in improving the training and awareness of individuals in relation to environmental issues and the dissemination of positive environmental practices and innovative approaches. It postulates the existence of five variants of a “green contract,” which distinguishes different degrees of environmental commitment and behavior shown by both customers and organizations.