bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Types of Anchor Institution Initiatives
Authors: Garton Paul
Published: September 2021

Interest in universities as anchor institutions within their communities and cities is growing as civic leaders search for ways to build local wealth. Systematic analysis of the effects of anchor institution initiatives remains difficult due to the disparate nature of anchor initiatives and a relative lack of a shared language describing the work. This article reviews the anchor literature to summarize current understandings of universities and economic development, then develops a typology of anchor institution initiatives based upon the literature. The typology is based upon the type of capital leveraged by initiatives: (a) financial, (b) physical, (c) intellectual, and (d) human. The author then uses the typology to categorize a number of initiatives found within the literature and through a rough sampling process. This typology offers a shared language for scholars to use to guide discussions around universities as anchor institutions, and, more importantly, the typology can frame analyses of the differential effects, costs, and benefits of different anchor strategies.
Response of Corn-Soybean Intercropping to Fertilizer Packages in Dry Land with Dry Climate
Authors: Kristiono Afandi , Muzaiyanah Siti
Published: September 2021

Intercropping soybean with corn on dry land with dry climate (DLDC) is an alternative program to expand the soybean cultivation harvested area. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fertilization performance in the intercropping of soybean-corn in DLDC. The experiment in this study was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven fertilizer package treatments with four replications. The spacing between corn (Pertiwi 3) and soybean (Dena 1) was (50 cm x 200 cm) x 40 cm (2 plants/clump) and between soybeans (Dena 1) was 40 cm x 15 cm (2-3 plants/clumps). The observations consisted of soil analysis (pH, organic matter, total N (Kjeldahl), available P, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, K-dd, and Na-dd), soybean leaf chlorophyll index (45 and 60 days after planting/dap), plant height at (45 daps and harvest), number and weight of root nodules (45 daps); Corn: chlorophyll index (56 daps), plant height (harvest), analysis of corn and soybean plant tissue (60 daps), yield, and yield components of dry seeds of soybean and corn per hectare. The results showed that effective fertilization for the intercropped crops was 53 kg N + 1,500 kg of manure per hectare in corn plant and 7 kg N + 22 kg P2O5 + 18 kg K2O + 1,500 kg/ha manure + Rhizobium Iletrisoy/Agrisoy in soybean crops.
Biomechanics in dental implants
Authors: Prakash Poonam , Narayanan Ambika
Published: September 2021

Achieving primary stability in dental implants is crucial factor for accomplishing successful osteointegration with bone. Micro-motions higher than the threshold of 50 to 100 μm can lead to formation of fibrous tissue at the bone-to-implant interface. Therefore, osteointegration may be vitiated due to insufficient primary stability. Osseointegration is defined as a direct and functional connection between the implant biomaterial and the surrounding bone tissue. Osseointegration development requires an initial rigid implant fixation into the bone at the time of surgery and a secondary stage of new bone apposition directly onto the implant surface.

Dental implants function to transfer the load to the surrounding biological tissues. Due to the absence of a periodontal ligament, its firm anchorage to bone, various forces acting on it and the presence of prosthetic components, they share a complex biomechanical relationship. The longevity of these osseointegrated implants depend on optimizing these complex interactions. Hence, the knowledge of forces acting on implant, design considerations of implant and bone mechanics is essential to fabricate an optimized implant supported prosthesis.
Análise numérica do ensaio de cisalhamento em lajes maciças
Authors: Delalibera Rodrigo Gustavo , Oliveira Filho Márcio Alves de , Peruzzi Antonio De Paulo
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise numérica de lajes submetidas à ação preponderante de força cortante. Realizou-se uma modelagem numérica usando o método dos elementos finitos, tendo como referência ensaios experimentais de lajes maciças. Na modelagem numérica foram considerados os efeitos da não linearidade plástica do concreto por meio dos modelos Concrete e Drucker-Prager, utilizando-se o módulo de elasticidade do concreto corrigido conforme a seção transversal homogeneizada. As barras de aço também foram modeladas considerando a plasticidade do material, sendo considerado modelo elasto-plástico perfeito. Os modelos numéricos apresentaram boa correspondência com o comportamento observado experimentalmente.
Cuidar al paciente con COVID-19
Authors: Lopera Betancur Martha Adiela , Rojas Juan Guillermo , Forero Pulido Constanza , García Aguilar Luz Carlota
Published: September 2021

Introducción: la realidad a la cual la humanidad ha tenido que enfrentarse producto de la pandemia por COVID-19 ha implicado para el personal de la salud, y el de enfermería de manera específica, un gran reto para brindar cuidado a los pacientes, mientras se cuida a sí mismo de un contagio. Objetivo: comprender el significado que tiene para los integrantes de los equipos de enfermería el cuidado de los pacientes infectados por el COVID-19. Método: trabajo cualitativo en el que participaron profesionales y auxiliares de enfermería del Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia; la recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas virtuales y el análisis fue inductivo. Resultados: el equipo de enfermería cuida a los pacientes infectados por el COVID-19 con gran incertidumbre y sin apoyo. Esto los lleva a experimentar sentimientos de miedo, rabia y desconcierto. Su forma de afrontar esta situación es tener una actitud positiva con esperanza, aislarse de los medios de comunicación o pensar en dejar su trabajo. Por ello, sugieren la necesidad de capacitación a ellos y a la comunidad. Por otro lado, piden mejores condiciones laborales y ser escuchados. Conclusiones: el personal de enfermería lleva a cabo el cuidado de los pacientes en medio de incertidumbre y afectación en su salud mental.
Impact of Gomal Zam Dam irrigation project on agriculture and welfare of farming community in southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan
Authors: Khan Saad Ali , Shah Syed Attaullah , Ullah Irfan , Ibrahim Muhammad , Khan Salman
Published: September 2021

This study investigated impact of Gomal Zam Dam (GZD) irrigation project on agriculture and welfare of farm households in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study found immense effect of the project on increase in cultivated area and yield of wheat and gram crops, and diversification of traditional cropping pattern to commercialized farming with the addition of sugarcane and vegetables. The availability of irrigation water also induced cultivation of fodder crops which enabled farmers to add large ruminants to their livestock herds. All these changes resulted improvement in farmers’ welfare and development in project area. There are various post project needs which are equally important for long term success. The most important of these needs are training of farmers on water use efficiency; provision of technical assistance on using high yielding seed varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides; and provision of credit and subsidies for dairy farming.
Cost and benefit analysis of adoption of climate change adaptation options among rural rice farmers in Nepal
Authors: Devkota Niranjan , Phuyal Ram Kumar , Shrestha Durga Lal
Published: September 2021

This paper estimates cost and benefit of adoption of climate change adaptation options available to the rural rice farmers of Nepal. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to source respondents for the study and used structured questionnaire techniques to collect data from 773 households from seven districts - 3 from Terai and 4 from Hilly region of Nepal. The result revealed that there are 13 major adaptation options rice farmers practice in order to protect themselves from climatic risk. Among the given adaptation options, the first three costly adaptation options are the alternative irrigation practice which incurred average cost of US $ 69.95 (US$ 1 = 102.84 Nepalese Rupees), followed by denser plantation of local seeds ($ 20.69) and using climate smart varieties ($ 18.06). Nearby 88% farmers practiced more than one adaptation strategies on the same farm with the aim of reducing the effect of extreme climatic conditions. Total cost and revenue revealed that per unit total cost ranges from $ 28.34 to $ 32.79 whereas per unit total revenue ranges $ 33.4 to $ 49.02. Surprisingly, it is observed that farmers who do not adopt any adaptation options are able to received highest income from per unit production.
Participatory evaluation and selection of improved haricot bean varieties at liben district, lowland agro ecology of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Basha , Korji Dembi , Amare Girma
Published: September 2021

The activity was conducted in Liben district to evaluate the yield performance of improved haricot bean varieties. 25 pastorals and agro pastorals were selected from Measa kebele with collaboration of Liben Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Office, Zonal Mobile Supporting Team and kebele leaders. The 25 pastoral and agro pastorals were grouped into one PAPRG. Then 25 PAPRG members were regrouped into three experimental pastorals and agro pastoralists. Training were given for PAPRG members. Exchange visit was arranged to share experience on the work each PAPRG. Haramaya, Awasa Dume, Ebado varieties were evaluated with standard check variety. Descriptive statistics and direct matrix ranking was used to analysis the data. Local variety give the highest yield (31kg/ha). PAPRG criteria for haricot bean production was market demand, color, disease/insect reaction, drought resistance. Accordingly, Ebado variety was preferred by PAPRGs based on marketability while Local check and Awasa Dube were selected as first and second respectively based on drought resistance, number of pod/plant, higher yield and resistance to insects. Haramaya variety was susceptible to insects. Pastoralists and agro pastoralists should use Ebado variety to increase their income and local variety for household consumption.
Role of Participatory Videos in Economic Empowerment of Rural Women: A Case Study from Bangladesh
Authors: T Khatun , M.A Sarker , M.H Rahman
Published: September 2021

The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic empowerment of the rural women. Pragmatic information for the study was composed from 65 randomly selected rural women from the study villages using structured interview schedule. The result of the study showed that over half (56.9 percent) of the respondents had medium income improvement due to participation of IGAs like preparation of vermi-compost, preparation of botanical pesticide, home gardening, safe food processing and filming (recording of local events) as introduced by participatory video programs. The result of the study also illustrated that the top mass (70.76 percent) of the respondent women had participation in homestead gardening after joining with video programme while it was less than half (47.69 percent) before joining to video programme. Findings also showed that the half (61.6 percent) of the women had medium to soaring participation in family decision making method. Additionally the study discovered so as to out of the seven selected socio-economic characteristics of the women except age all the variables have significant positive relationship with their economic empowerment.
An Exploratory Study in to the Benefits and Challenges Facing Small-Scale Farmers in the Taung Irrigation Scheme, North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Ekobi Gabriel , Mboh Lovelyne
Published: September 2021

This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation scheme. Irrigation schemes have been identified as the backbone in promoting agriculture in South Africa. Nevertheless, literature have shown that very few studies have been conducted on the benefits and challenges facing small-scale farmers in irrigation schemes, there is a need to supplement this gap. The findings contend that Taung irrigation scheme enabled small-scale framers to generate income. Income made in the scheme permitted small-scale farmers to purchase gardening tools such as watering cans, cattle ploughs and hoes to improve productivity. The scheme also provides a platform for farmers to produce more food therefore, a reduction in poverty incidence in the area. However, challenges such as lack of market, absence of institutional structure, farming capital, transport and loss of harvest through theft are affecting farmers on the scheme. Institutional structure is needed since it allows small-scale farmers to make decision regarding management of the scheme.
Evaluating Constraints to Animal Traction Development and Sustainability in the Upper Noun Valley, North West Region Cameroon
Authors: Mboungho Nuipokoh Oscar , Ibrahim Manu , Solefack Dongmo
Published: September 2021

The principal aim of this study was to find out the reasons for the low adoption of animal traction in the Upper Noun Valley community. The general views were; to find out the level of animal traction adoption, to see its level of profitability, to examine its importance on agricultural sustainability and the overall constraints and benefits involved in animal traction. Combinations of multi-stage random and purposive sampling procedures were applied to obtain the needed information from oxen-farmers and institutions. A cross sectional data was collected and analysed from random sample of 90 oxen farmers within the Upper Noun Valley Community. Data were collected and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The study revealed that small-scale farmers encountered several sustainability challenges from inappropriate implements, pasture difficulty, lack of training and repair centres, poor animal housing. Animal traction sustainability depends on its; affordability, flexibility, timeliness on farm and organic manure provision. In order to overcome the alarming food insecurity in Cameroon, both the government and stakeholders should regain consciousness on abandoned training centres, and minimum packages should be given to small-scale farmer as well as local blacksmiths and veterinary centres be provided at the Divisional level.
Factors that Affect Farmland Conversion in China and Indonesia
Authors: Adam Lukman , Xuefeng Li , Jin Jia
Published: September 2021

The first challenge in this century is to maintain or increase the farmland because land is the determinant factor. China and Indonesia have a considerable population, have the same major food crops, and have been facing a problem with farmland conversion. The problem will be focused on the following issue whether factors are affecting farmland conversion in China and Indonesia. This research used the data from The World Bank in 1982 - 2014 and used Auto-Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) as the data analysis. In the short-run, investment and urban population are significant variables to affect the farmland conversion in China and Indonesia. The employment merely affects for farmland conversion in China, while the agriculture GDP and railways affect for Indonesia. In the long-run, employment and railways affect farmland conversion in China; however, the agriculture GDP, investment, and urban population are significant for Indonesia. Some policies which needed to prevent farmland conversion began stipulated zoning and spatial planning in central and local government, and incentives for the farmer.
Forecasting Wheat Production Using Time Series Models in Pakistan
Authors: Masood M Asif , Raza Irum , Abid Saleem
Published: September 2021

The present paper was designed to forecast wheat production for 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-2020 respectively by using time series data from 1971-72 to 2016-17 with best selected time series models. Linear, Quadratic, Exponential, S-Curve, Double Exponential Smoothing, Single exponential smoothing, Moving average and ARIMA were estimated for wheat production. The results showed a mix trend in production of wheat for selected time period. ARIMA (2,1,2) was found best one keeping in view close forecasts with actual reported wheat production. So the preference inclined towards the ARIMA (2,1,2) than quadratic to forecasts of wheat production.
Analysis of Banana Production Practices and Constraints in Embu County, Kenya
Authors: Muthee Arphaxard Ireri , Gichimu Bernard Mukiri , Nthakanio Paul Njiruh
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out to determine banana production constraints in Embu County in order to seal this production gap. A survey was conducted in the four sub-counties in Embu County namely, Runyenjes, Manyatta, Mbeere North and Mbeere South, to assess the production constraints limiting banana production. Respondents were smallholder banana farmers selected using cluster sampling method from 22 farmers’ groups in the County. The cluster sampling was based on a number of operational irrigation schemes in each of the four sub-counties, and with at least 15 – 30 active members. The study established that banana production in Embu County is highly constrained by poor husbandry practices, pests and diseases, lack of clean planting materials, and lack of adequate extension services.
Credit Demand among Small Farmers: A District Level Approach, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Ali
Published: September 2021

In the current study, determinants of credit demand among small farmers in the Mandi Bahauddin district of Pakistan were investigated. For this purpose, interviews with 123 small farmers in six villages of this district were conducted. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to examine factors that affect credit demands. Seven determinants were devised and tested, and a probit model was employed to analyze the effects of education, household size, and income on the credit demand. Through qualitative methods, factors like informal lending, interest rate, consumption smoothing, and transaction cost were analyzed. It was noted that informal borrowing, higher interest rates, and high transaction costs crowded out formal lending. A positive correlation was observed between education and credit demand. Household size and all types of incomes did not significantly correlate with credit demand.
The Impact of Savings Groups on Female Agency: Insights from Village Savings and Loans Associations in Northern Ghana
Authors: Theophilus Kwarteng Amaning , Paul Sarfo-Mensah
Published: September 2021

In this paper we examined how participation in savings groups like the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs) influence women’s agency in rural Ghana, i.e. their ability to freely participate in group activities and act on other issues and matters that affect them. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from VSLA and nonVSLA members to compare the effect between participants and nonparticipants. We used three dimensions of agency adapted from the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) to assess female agency: women’s participation and decision making in groups; women’s comfort with public speaking; and women’s decision making in their households. A significant finding of this study is that VSLA membership has enhanced the agency of female participants as they are more economically and socially active and can act on their own compared to women who did not use the savings group.
The Impact of Traditional Homestead Vegetable Cultivation on the Improvement of Livelihood of Rural Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Aysha , Ahmad Nobaya , Bagum Thahamina , Islam Md Monirul , Rahma Mohammad Mizanur , Hossain Mohammad Imtiaz
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the level of acceptability of traditional homestead vegetable cultivation practices by rural women in the northeastern parts of Bangladesh and its impact on their livelihood. A structured interview schedule was applied to collect data. Data were collected from 100 women from two villages of South Surma Upazila in the Sylhet district and correlation tests were conducted to examine the relationship between the relevant dependent and independent variables. The results showed that 68% of rural women had a moderately favourable opinion of vegetable cultivation regarding changes in the livelihood of rural women, while 20% had low opinion and 12% had high opinion of traditional homestead vegetable practices. The majority (59%) of the women had moderately adopted traditional homestead vegetable cultivation practices compared to 24% who had adopted them little and 17% who had adopted them highly. Computed (r) values indicate that education, homestead area, family income, knowledge of homestead vegetable cultivation, availability of credit, and exposure of the rural women to communication had a significantly positive relationship to their attitudes to changes in livelihood.
Determinants of Burden of Disease among Rice Farming Households in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: K. O Aboaba , T. O Oyekale, , S. A Adewuyi , S. O Adigbo
Published: September 2021

This study was carried out to indicate the factors, which could determine the burden of disease among rice farming households in Ogun state in Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 240 rice farming households. The study showed that nearly all households took drugs or medicines without consulting a doctor or pharmacist. Low level of income (85.33%), lack of awareness of health facilities (52.02%), low level of education (58.22%), as well as hindrances in distance and difficult terrains towards health facilities (75.11%) were indicated as the critical problems being faced by the households from using public health facilities. Sex, household size, off-farm income, distance to health care services and dirt floor of home were positively and significantly considered to influence disease burden, while age, cooperative membership, labor used and health conditions had negative effects. The study concluded that increased distance to health care services increased the burden of diseases of the households. It was therefore, recommended that health facilities should be located nearer to the people’s locations to increase its appropriate use. This would gradually improve their health conditions, and thereby reduce the ill-health cost in the long run.
Revisiting Quantile Granger Causality Between the Stock Price Indices and Exchange Rates for G7 Countries
Authors: Lou Tienwei , Luo Wuchang
Published: September 2021

The daily data of the stock price index and the foreign exchange rate in G7 were utilized for the period between January 4, 1999 and June 30 2015. From the empirical study of Granger causality test in quantiles, there are three main findings. Firstly, there is no long-run significant relationship between the stock price index and exchange rate in G7. Secondly, different types of short-run relationships exist between the two variables among G7 countries. In Canada, Italy, and U.S.A., the relationship is bidirectional, and the asymmetric effect is at different quantiles. In France and Japan, the relationship is unidirectional, from the stock price index to the exchange rate, and the relationship is at different quantiles for the two countries. In Germany and U.K., the relationship is unidirectional in the opposite direction and is also at different quantiles. Lastly, it shows that international trading effects at different quantiles exist in Canada (at high quantile), Italy (at median quantile), and U.K. (at low quantile). On the other hand, portfolio balance effects at different quantiles exist in Germany (at low and median quantiles) and U.S.A. (at high quantile). The study shows neither effect in France and Japan. The empirical findings in this paper have important implications for academicians, international institutional investors, and policy-makers on the G7 markets.
Air Passengers Vertex Curve Theorem - Evidence from ASEAN Countries
Authors: Majid Mohd Azlan Abdul , Pardi Faridah , Amer Afizan , Kamdari Nor’ Azurah Md , Selamat Sarah Mardhiah
Published: September 2021

This study examines new generic hypotheses and theorems of the aviation industry’s model for air passengers for ASEAN countries. A static panel data model consists of a simple panel unit and root and cointegration tests were established for the period from 1997 to 2016. Initially, we hypothesized that internet connection, income level, tax and tourism expenditures all have significant impacts on the volume of air passengers in ASEAN countries. Our main findings showed that gross national income (GNI) has a positive significant impact on air passengers’ volume and it is also the peak of the vertex. In addition, according to the hypothesized vertex theorem, the policy-impact of taxation on air passenger volume showed a weak significance, while the digital-impact hypothesis of broadband and mobile technology exhibited a mediocre and substitution impact. Our conclusion from the findings highlighted that fundamentals of domestic economic growth should be strengthened in order to increase internal economic capacity. By achieving this, the volume of the air passenger could be doubled and therefore would bring back a growth of income and prosperity to the nation, particularly in the ASEAN market.
Socio-Economic Status and Level of Biosecurity Practice of Catfish Farmers in Delta North Agricultural Zone, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwabueze Agatha Arimiche , Ofuoku Albert Ukaro
Published: September 2021

The socio-economic status and level of practice of biosecurity measures amongst catfish farmers in Delta North Agricultural Zone of Delta State were assessed. Data was collected randomly from 115 catfish farmers by oral interview and administration of structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze data collected. Results obtained show that catfish farmers had a mean of 45 years, dominated by males with 54.8 % having secondary education and 7.8 years experience in fish farming. The coefficients for stocking density, source of fish seed, organic inclusions, workers shower, access restrictions, a record of fish disease and pathogen management were highly significant (P<0.05). It implies that these variables are important factors influencing the practice of biosecurity measures in the study area. A poor level of practice of biosecurity was observed with a large number of negative coefficients of independent variables, implying that increases in the magnitude of these variables may lead to a reduction in the level of biosecurity practice amongst catfish farmers in the area. This study also observed that the practice of biosecurity measures was not an important issue among catfish farmers. Guidelines supported by appropriate legislation is needed to enforce practice and compliance of biosecurity practice.
Economic Analysis of Potato Seed in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ginandjar Salamet , Rahmadi Agung , Abdulhakim Muhammad Tsani , Subandi M
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to study the supply of potato seed in West Java, Indonesia. The research respondent is farmers who use seed, with a sample of 377 farmers and a survey of all seed breeders totaling 43 farmers, using proportionate stratified random sampling. This research report is also complemented by a review analysis of potato seedling development in the last five years. There is considerable interest in the potential that can be developed, productive aged farmers, and adoption of new technologies. Factors exerting a strong influence include capital, technology, adequacy of seed, the proportion of certified seed, and farm credit. Factors identified as influencing the level of demand include the proportion of certified seed, seed prices, capital, and credit allocation for potato farming; at the level of supply factors that can exert influence are the availability of seed, the selling price of seed, and the capital of breeding farmers. Policy simulation on the use of certified seed potatoes shows that increase in the number of specific farm credits, the price of seed and fixed farm capital results in increased use of certified seed and reduced self-selection of seed.
Nematode Attacks and their Influence on Farming Economics
Authors: M.Z Rosmiza , Samion Muhammad Zaim , Zainal Milah , Rosmi Mohd Nor Mohd
Published: September 2021

Nematode attack is among the factors significantly reducing the world's rice production, to the extent of affecting farming economics and global food security. One of the factors involved in the decline in production is the prevalence of rice diseases and pests, among which are nematodes. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the level of farmers’ knowledge on the symptoms of nematode infection in Pasir Panjang, which is situated in the rice cultivation area, namely Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), of Northwest Selangor. The study also analyzed the effects of nematode attacks on farming economics. Descriptive analysis was performed on 86 randomly selected samples of farmers whose crops had often been attacked by nematodes. The results of the study found that the farming community had knowledge of the symptoms of nematode infestation in rice crop fields. Analysis of the study results showed that farmers were significantly affected by nematode attacks on their rice crops. The effects of attack could be seen from the reduced income and economic levels of the farmers and consequent increase in management costs, in addition to the increasing costs of purchasing pesticides and fertilizers. Production output and yield quality also declined. This situation has negatively impacted the quality of life of these farmers. The implications of this study inform the strategies for integrated and continuous disease and pest control to ensure that the country's food security is more stable.
Effect of Drip Irrigation Frequency, N-Fertilization, and Mulching on Yield, Nitrogen, and Water Use Efficiencies of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Ikole-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Fasina Abayomi Sunday , Shittu Olubunmi Samuel , Ogunleye Kayode Samuel , Ilori Augustus Oludotun Akinmayowa , Babalola Temitope Seun
Published: September 2021

Soil moisture conservation, proper irrigation scheduling and nutrient management are crucial for sustainable cucumber production. A field experiment was set up over two years (2018 and 2019) to investigate the effects of irrigation frequency, black polyethylene mulching, and nitrogen fertilization on cucumber yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) at Ikole-Ekiti, Nigeria. The experiment was a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and the main plot as drip irrigation frequency: twice per week (I4), three times per week (I5), and four times per week (I6), while the sub-plots were nitrogen fertilization; (no fertilizer, N0 and 180 kg/ha urea, N180) and mulching (no mulch, NM and mulch, M). The highest yield (8.39 and 8.51 t/ha) with the best WUE was obtained from treatment I4MF (F, fertilization), while the lowest (5.81 and 5.79 t/ha) was obtained from I6MF for the respective years. The combination of variables significantly (P<0.05) influenced cucumber yield, WUE, and NUE, and significant correlations were obtained (r=0.87** and 0.85**) between WUE and fruit yield for the study years. The treatment I4MF therefore, could successfully be adopted to reduce water and fertilizer application for improved cucumber yield in the field.
К 80-летию со дня рождения Владислава Васильевича Куликова
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2021

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Functional Morphology of the Immune Structures of the Spleen Under the Influence of Damaging Factors
Authors: Alexeeva N. T. , Kvaratskheliya A. G. , Sokolov D. A. , Bakhmet A. A. , Popov M. V. , Verdiyan G. G. , Klochkova S. V.
Published: September 2021

In recent years, interest in the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the organs of the immune system has grown significantly. The immune system makes a significant contribution to the processes of homeostasis and maintaining the health of the organism. Immunity determines the state of the body's resistance to infectious factors. At the same time, the spleen is of particular interest as an immune organ, since the immune system of humans and animals is one of the most sensitive systems of the body, which quickly reacts to any influences. The article presents a literature review devoted to modern concepts of the morphofunctional organization of the spleen in connection with the functions performed, as well as the influence of damaging factors on changes in the morphofunctional parameters of the components of the spleen.
Fabrication of Calcium Sulfate Coated Selenium Nanoparticles and Corresponding In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects Against 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Faghfuri Elnaz , Ajideh Ramak , Shahverdi Faranak , Hosseini Mina , Mavandadnejad Faranak , Yazdi Mohammad Hossein , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza
Published: September 2021

Background: The inhibitory effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on cancer cells has been reported in many studies. In this study, the purpose was to compare the in vitro effects of SeNPs and calcium sulfate coated selenium nanoparticles (CaSO4@ SeNPs) on breast cancer cells.
Methods: CaSO4@SeNPs and SeNPs were chemically synthesized and characterized with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). By applying MTT assay, the cytotoxicity effect of both nanomaterials on the 4T1 cancer cells was investigated.
Results: While LD50 of SeNPs on 4T1 cancer cells was 80 µg, the LD50 of CaSO4@SeNPs was reported to be only 15 µg. The difference between the inhibition rates obtained for SeNPs and CaSO4@SeNPs was statistically significant (p=0.05). In addition, at higher concentrations (50 µg) of CaSO4@SeNPs, the cytotoxicity was 100% more than SeNPs alone.  
Conclusion: According to the result of the present work, it can be concluded that de-coration of SeNPs with calcium sulfate leads to an increase in potency by decreasing the effective dose. This effect can be attributed to activation of intrinsic apoptosis signaling and/or pH regulatory properties of CaSO4@SeNPs. However, further studies are still needed to determine the exact corresponding mechanisms of this synergistic effect.
Does combination of estradiol and sesame oil improve the oocyte quality, embryo development and expressions of Zp3, E-cad, and Ctnnb1 genes in mice? An experimental study
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Masoomeh , Anbari Fatemeh , Aghaei Shiva , Farashahi Yazd Ehsan , Akhavan Sales Zhima , Rajabi Mahya , Ali Khalili Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Background: Aging may reduce oocyte maturation, embryo quality, and fertility potential.
Objective: To compare the effect of estradiol (E2) and sesame oil on oocyte and embryo quality between young and old mice.
Materials and Methods: Sixty old and young female mice were divided in to two groups (30 mice/group, grouped by age). Each group was divided into three subgroups of mice treated with sesame oil, E2 + sesame oil, and normal saline as control group. After ovulation induction, some oocytes were considered for in vitro fertilization and the rest were assessed for morphological status. After obtaining the two-cell embryos, the embryos were collected to determine the expression of zona pellucida (ZP) glycoprotein 3, E-cadherin, and β-catenin genes and some of them followed until the blastocysts stage to evaluate the viability.
Results: The findings showed that the mean ZP and perivitelline space thickness increased in the old mice that received the E2 + sesame oil treatment. The number of 2-cell embryos, blastocysts, and live cells were significantly higher in the old group treated with sesame oil respectively (p = 0.018, 0.002, and < 0.0001, respectively). The normal ZP shape and refractile body numbers increased in the old mice that were treated with sesame oil, respectively. The E-cadherin gene was downregulated in the treatment groups compared to the controls.
Conclusion: Sesame oil showed a better response in the old mice, because aging is associated with an increased rate of reactive oxygen species, causing deficiencies in both oocyte and embryo qualities.
Key words: Estradiol, Sesame oil, Gene expression, Oocyte, Mouse.
Corrigendum to: “The effect of Phoenix dactylifera pollen on the expression of NRF2, SOD2, CAT, and GPX4 genes, and sperm parameters of fertile and infertile men: A controlled clinical trial” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2021; 19: 545-558]"
Authors: Fallahi Soghra , Rajaei Minoo , Javad Hesam Mohammad , Koolivand Mohsen , Malekzadeh Kianoosh
Published: September 2021

This article is a Corrigendum to: “The effect of Phoenix dactylifera pollen on the expression of NRF2, SOD2, CAT, and GPX4 genes, and sperm parameters of fertile and infertile men: A controlled clinical trial” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2021; 19: 545-558]". Please download the PDF or view the article HTML.
Tooth Hypersensitivity as A Possible Indirect Complication of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical Experimental Report
Authors: Mortazavi Hamed , Anbari Fahimeh
Published: September 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Mining, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Central and Eastern European Countries: What Do the Data Tell Us?
Authors: Tsaurai Kunofiwa
Published: September 2021

The study investigates the effect of mining on both poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) using econometric estimation methods with panel data spanning from 2009 to 2019. Another objective of this paper was to determine if the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development reduced poverty and or income inequality in CEECs. What triggered the study is the failure of the existing literature to have a common ground regarding the impact of mining on poverty and or income inequality. The existing literature on the subject matter is contradictory, mixed, and divergent; hence, it paves the way for further empirical tests. The study confirmed that the vicious cycle of poverty is relevant in CEECs. According to the dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM), mining had a significant poverty reduction influence in CEECs. The dynamic GMM and random effects revealed that the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development also enhanced poverty reduction in CEECs. Random effects and pooled OLS shows that mining significantly reduced income inequality in CEECs. However, random effects and the dynamic GMM results indicate that income inequality was significantly reduced by the complementarity between mining and infrastructural development. The authorities in CEECs are therefore urged to implement mining growth and infrastructural development-oriented policies in order to successfully fight off the twin challenges of poverty and income inequality.
CORE Knowledge Domain C.4 Employment and Career Development: Application for Rehabilitation Counselor Educators
Authors: McGuire-Kuletz Maureen , Hergenrather Kenneth C.
Published: September 2021

The Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE) CORE revised the standards for rehabilitation counseling master's degree program accreditation in 2004. These standards seek to promote effective rehabilitation services to persons with disabilities in both private and public programs (CORE, 2008). This article focuses on the new CORE standard knowledge domain C: Employment and Career Development and its application for rehabilitation counselor educators. The issues of employment and career development have been major factors in the professional practice of rehabilitation counseling from its inception. As a key knowledge domain in the new CORE standards, competence in this domain is integral to preparation for the CRC exam and essential to incorporate in existing rehabilitation counseling graduate programs.
European inland waters : The history of seafaring, shipping, and shipyards at the Lake Balaton
Authors: Lagerqvist Bosse , Bornmalm Lennart , Némethy Sándor
Published: September 2021

Maritime history and development of waterways is often perceived as a mostly marine issue including activities linked directly to the oceans and seas and their coastal zones. However, inland waters and waterways constitute an important landscape-forming factor in terms of transport, wetland formation, watercourse regulations and flood prevention, agriculture, forestry, fishery, settlement structures, tourism and a number of related services. Lake Balaton in western Hungary is a unique environment regarding its geology, biodiversity, water resources (including springs and thermal waters) and rich cultural heritage. Inland navigation has greatly contributed to the development of settlement structures and trades in the region already from Roman times, but only with the appearance of steamboats and the internationally renowned shipyards the shipping of goods and personal transport reached a larger volume. Since Lake Balaton is a shallow lake, producing ships (both sailing boats and larger vessels) was a technical challenge. The largest shipyard around the lake was in the town of Balatonfüred with some ancillary facilities in Siófok. With the continuous development of railway traffic first on the southern and later on the northern shore successively replaced the goods transport on the lake and changed the system of its water level control through the Sió-channel. In this study, we analyse the development of inland navigation on lake Balaton and its influence on trade and settlement structures and cultural heritage in the region, the connections to international inland waterways through the Sió canal and the River Danube and the changes of ship building industry during history. The article is based on a number of studies on the history of Lake Balaton and a specific focus is put on the industrial era and how international influences have been instrumental in this development.
Sucesión microbiana durante la fermentación espontánea de cacao en unidades productivas
Authors: Garcia Gonzalez Estefania , Ochoa Muñoz Andrés Felipe , Montalvo Rodríguez Constanza , Ordoñez Narvaéz Ginna Alejandra , Londoño Hernández Liliana
Published: September 2021

La fermentación del cacao es determinada por el crecimiento de sucesiones de diversos grupos microbianos que varían de una región a otra. En el presente estudio se realizó una caracterización de las muestras tomadas de fermentaciones de unidades productivas del Valle del Cauca a las cuales se les midió la concentración de levaduras, bacterias lácticas, bacterias acéticas y aerobios mesófilos durante 5 días. Adicionalmente se determinó la concentración de azúcares reductores y pH tanto del cotiledón como de la testa mucilaginosa. Finalizada la fermentación se determinó el grado de fermentación (prueba de corte e índice de fermentación). Se presentó un crecimiento de levaduras, bacterias acéticas y bacterias lácticas constante durante los 5 días de fermentación evaluados, a excepción del muestreo 1 que presentó un descenso en la concentración de BAA. Se presentaron temperaturas promedio de fermentación de 26, 27 y 25 °C, consumo de azúcares fue de 64.40, 88.78 y 98.27% para los puntos de muestreo 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. Conocer el comportamiento de los grupos microbianos y sus respuestas bioquímicas, permiten entender las relaciones entre el crecimiento de la microbiota del cacao y su calidad final, que a futuro permitan mejorar la calidad de los productos derivados.
Arquivos da memória: Aby Warburg, a história da arte e a arte contemporânea
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Mattos Claudia Valladão de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no II Encontro de História da Arte.
Ferramenta interdisciplinar de representações bi e tridimensionais: Theo van Doesburg e Andrea Palladio
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Fonseca Glaucia Augusto
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta um conjunto de idéias sobre como pensar a interdisciplinaridade no curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo das Faculdades Integradas Bennett. Delineia-se o processo de execução gráfica (bi e tri dimensionais) partindo do conceito da arte do grupo DE STIJL aplicados às obras de Andrea Palladio com a finalidade de apontar como tal processo relaciona-se com as diferentes práticas de interação entre os componentes do currículo. Finalmente, demonstra-se a experiência deste trabalho, buscando-se desta forma, enfatizar os principais objetivos.
Quem não Pink não Floyd: vestígios da CEU Casa do Estudante Universitário, UFRJ
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hermes Maria Helena da Fonseca
Published: September 2021

As metodologias do projeto de restauração do conjunto arquitetônico da CEU e a insuficiência de verbas para sua total restauração foram determinantes para considerar as manifestações singulares tratadas aqui ao longo dos amplos caminhos do campo dos registros e da memória, provocando a busca de ampliação destes conceitos para se somar à história do patrimônio edificado. Este trabalho quer apresentar como questionamento a validade da construção de uma proposta de reconhecimento e valoração dos vestígios, desenhos, recortes, colagens, pinturas encontrados na quase totalidade dos espaços e aposentos ocupados nas décadas de 70, 80 e até meados dos 90 pelos estudantes da Casa do Estudante Universitário - CEU, no Flamengo-Rio de Janeiro. Na trajetória da restauração da edificação, vimos escorrer pelos dedos os vestígios de um período que não mereceu nossa atenção, apesar do local de ter se constituído numa referencia cultural e política nas décadas de 70 e 80. O que define o que é o estetizável?
Processo criativo de Flávio de Carvalho para sua experiência nº3
Authors:   Faculdade Santa Marcelina, Lotufo Flavio Roberto
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho, baseia-se em pesquisa historiográfica, e tem como escopo a elaboração de uma leitura sobre a performance denominada Experiência nº 3, realizada pelo artista e engenheiro-arquiteto Flávio de Carvalho (1901 – 1977), em 18 de outubro de 1956, na cidade de São Paulo. Nessa data, o artista vestindo uma blusa de mangas curtas, saia acima dos joelhos, meias arrastão, sandálias de couro e chapéu de náilon, desfilou pelas ruas centrais da capital paulistana, propondo uma nova concepção de traje para os homens tropicais.