bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Providing rehabilitation to patients recovering fromCOVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Wasilewski Marina B. , Cimino Stephanie R. , Kokorelias Kristina M. , Simpson Robert , Hitzig Sander L. , Robinson Lawrence
Published: July 2021

Objective

To synthesize the nature and extent of research on rehabilitation care provision to patients with COVID‐19. Specifically, we aimed to (1) describe the impact of COVID on patients and associated rehabilitation needs, (2) outline the adaptations and preparations required to enable the provision of COVID rehabilitation, (3) describe the types of rehabilitation services and treatments provided to COVID patients, and (4) identify barriers and facilitators to delivering COVID rehabilitation.

Literature Survey

We searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, and CINAHL on June 26, 2020 using key words such as “rehabilitation,” “physical medicine,” “allied health professionals,” and variations of “COVID.” The search was updated on October 13, 2020. We included articles published in English and that focused on some aspect of COVID rehabilitation for adults. We excluded articles focused on pediatric populations and those not focused (or minimally focused) on rehabilitation for COVID patients.

Methodology

Data were charted based on article type (ie, primary data, secondary data, guidelines). Key information extracted included (1) COVID sequelae; (2) rehabilitation adaptations; (3) structure, function, and content of rehabilitation services/programs; (4) facilitators and/or barriers to providing COVID rehabilitation; and (5) recommendations for COVID rehabilitation programming. Data were synthesized narratively.

Synthesis

In total, 128 articles were included in the review that reported primary data (n = 33), secondary data (n = 82), and clinical practice/patient self‐management guidelines (n = 13). Evidence begins to suggest that rehabilitation is necessary and valuable for addressing COVID‐related declines in health, function, and well‐being. Most articles recommended that an individualized rehabilitation program be provided across the continuum of care by an interdisciplinary team of professionals and that the nature and extent of rehabilitation be informed by the care setting and COVID severity. Most issues that challenged COVID rehabilitation delivery were directly addressed by the facilitators and adaptations identified.

Conclusions

Future recommendations include a greater emphasis on the psychosocial aspects of COVID rehabilitation, inclusion of families in rehabilitation planning, and the use of qualitative approaches to complement clinical data.
The obesity paradox may not lead to functional gains in stroke patients undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Freeman Casey , Blough Allison , Rotich Duncan , Curl Amanda , Eickmeyer Sarah M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Obesity is a risk factor for many adverse health outcomes. However for some cardiac conditions and cancers, evidence of an “obesity paradox” seems to exist where an elevated body mass index (BMI) is linked to protective effects in mortality and functional outcomes. Within the stroke rehabilitation literature, there are conflicting findings on this phenomenon possibly due to unaccounted for variables, such as comorbid medical conditions.

Objective

To investigate the association between BMI and functional gains made in acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation, and the effects of multiple confounding variables.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary academic hospital.

Patients

Three hundred ninety‐two adults following a recent ischemic (82%) or hemorrhagic (18%) stroke with a mean age 62.9 years.

Interventions

Acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Main Outcome Measures

Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score and BMI.

Results

A significant association was found between motor FIM score gains and elevated BMI when BMI was treated as a continuous variable (p < .05). However, this association disappeared when patient factors and comorbid conditions were taken into account and when BMI was conceptualized categorically (underweight [BMI <18.5], normal [BMI 18.5–24.9], overweight [BMI 25.0–29.9], obese [BMI 30.0–39.9], and severely obese [BMI ≥40.0]). Advanced age, higher motor function on admission, and a diagnosis of diabetes were all significantly associated with decreased motor FIM gains.

Conclusions

The results from this study provide insufficient evidence to support the “obesity paradox” once patient factors and comorbid conditions are taken into account. Diabetes was the single comorbidity tracked that showed a significant association with change in motor function (p = .01). Further studies might explore how the unique interventions of rehabilitation physicians and ancillary health professionals might mitigate the functional debility associated with diabetes and obesity in stroke patients.
Topology evaluation of models for difficult targets in the 14th round of the critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP14)
Authors: Kinch Lisa N. , Pei Jimin , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Schaeffer R. Dustin , Grishin Nick V.
Published: July 2021

This report describes the tertiary structure prediction assessment of difficult modeling targets in the 14th round of the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP14). We implemented an official ranking scheme that used the same scores as the previous CASP topology‐based assessment, but combined these scores with one that emphasized physically realistic models. The top performing AlphaFold2 group outperformed the rest of the prediction community on all but two of the difficult targets considered in this assessment. They provided high quality models for most of the targets (86% over GDT_TS 70), including larger targets above 150 residues, and they correctly predicted the topology of almost all the rest. AlphaFold2 performance was followed by two manual Baker methods, a Feig method that refined Zhang‐server models, two notable automated Zhang server methods (QUARK and Zhang‐server), and a Zhang manual group. Despite the remarkable progress in protein structure prediction of difficult targets, both the prediction community and AlphaFold2, to a lesser extent, faced challenges with flexible regions and obligate oligomeric assemblies. The official ranking of top‐performing methods was supported by performance generated PCA and heatmap clusters that gave insight into target difficulties and the most successful state‐of‐the‐art structure prediction methodologies.
V2ACHER: Visualization of complex trial data in pharmacometric analyses with covariates
Authors: Lommerse Jos , Plock Nele , Cheung S. Y. Amy , Sachs Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2021

Pharmacometric models can enhance clinical decision making, with covariates exposing potential contributions to variability of subpopulation characteristics, for example, demographics or disease status. Intuitive visualization of models with multiple covariates is needed because sparsity of data in visualizations trellised by covariate values can raise concerns about the credibility of the underlying model. V2ACHER, introduced here, is a stepwise transformation of data that can be applied to a variety of static (non‐ordinary‐differential‐equation‐based) pharmacometric analyses. This work uses four examples of increasing complexity to show how the transformation elucidates the relationship between observations and model results and how it can also be used in visual predictive checks to confirm the quality of a model. V2ACHER facilitates consistent, intuitive, single‐plot visualization of a multicovariate model with a complex data set, thereby enabling easier model communication for modelers and for cross‐functional development teams and facilitating confident use in support of decisions.
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: a time to re‐evaluate management
Authors: Cortes‐Telles Arturo , Ortíz‐Farias Diana Lizbeth , Perez‐Hernandez Felipe , Rodriguez‐Morejon Dulce
Published: July 2021

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity and remains a significant health problem. Secondary SP (SSP) is associated with underlying lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD), and is associated with poor outcomes. The current guidelines in the management of SSP have not been updated since the last decade; therefore, new protocols focused on the management of SSP should be evaluated. We present two cases of patients admitted with SSP who were treated conservatively due to haemodynamic stability. In both cases, the pneumothoraces resolved without further complications.
Effect of randomizers on the power spectrum excess of space telemetry signals
Authors: Battaglioni Massimo , Baldi Marco , Chiaraluce Franco , Garello Roberto , Calzolari Gian Paolo , Vassallo Enrico
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a thorough analysis of the spectral characteristics of space telemetry signals when randomizers are used to counter the power excess, that is, the increase of the power spectrum in some measurement bandwidths with respect to the transmission of an ideal random signal. We show that a long randomizer actually improves the spectral characteristics but is not able to solve some critical problems appearing when all‐zero frames or almost constant data are transmitted. Suitable solutions are proposed to face these cases, ensuring a small power excess in all possible operation conditions. The impact of high‐order modulations and error correcting codes is also investigated.
Micro‐Nano Processing of Active Layers in Flexible Tactile Sensors via Template Methods: A Review
Authors: Niu Hongsen , Zhang Huiyun , Yue Wenjing , Gao Song , Kan Hao , Zhang Chunwei , Zhang Congcong , Pang Jinbo , Lou Zheng , Wang Lili , Li Yang , Liu Hong , Shen Guozhen
Published: July 2021

Template methods are regarded as an important method for micro‐nano processing in the active layer of flexible tactile sensors. These template methods use physical/chemical processes to introduce micro‐nano structures on the active layer, which improves many properties including sensitivity, response/recovery time, and detection limit. However, since the processing process and applicable conditions of the template method have not yet formed a perfect system, the development and commercialization of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method are still at a relatively slow stage. Despite the above obstacles, advances in microelectronics, materials science, nanoscience, and other disciplines have laid the foundation for various template methods, enabling the continuous development of flexible tactile sensors. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic review of flexible tactile sensors based on the template method is needed to further promote progress in this field. Here, the unique advantages and shortcomings of various template methods are summarized in detail and discuss the research progress and challenges in this field. It is believed that this review will have a significant impact on many fields of flexible electronics, which is beneficial to promote the cross‐integration of multiple fields and accelerate the development of flexible electronic devices.
Container lifecycle‐aware scheduling for serverless computing
Authors: Wu Song , Tao Zhiheng , Fan Hao , Huang Zhuo , Zhang Xinmin , Jin Hai , Yu Chen , Cao Chun
Published: July 2021

Elastic scaling in response to changes on demand is a main benefit of serverless computing. When bursty workloads arrive, a serverless platform launches many new containers and initializes function environments (known as cold starts), which incurs significant startup latency. To reduce cold starts, platforms usually pause a container after it serves a request, and reuse this container for subsequent requests. However, this reuse strategy cannot efficiently reduce cold starts because the schedulers are agnostic of container lifecycle. For example, it may ignore soon available containers or evict soon needed containers. We propose a container lifecycle‐aware scheduling strategy for serverless computing, CAS. The key idea is to control distribution of requests and determine creation or eviction of containers according to different lifecycle phases of containers. We implement a prototype of CAS on OpenWhisk. Our evaluation shows that CAS reduces 81% cold starts and therefore brings a 63% reduction at 95th percentile latency compared with native scheduling strategy in OpenWhisk when there is worker contention between workloads, and does not add significant performance overhead.
Effect of rubber aggregate size on static and dynamic compressive properties of rubberized concrete
Authors: Pham Thong M. , Renaud Neil , Pang Voon‐Loong , Shi Feng , Hao Hong , Chen Wensu
Published: July 2021

This study experimentally examines the effect of rubber aggregate size on the static and dynamic behavior of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete specimens were prepared with different maximum rubber aggregate sizes ranging from 1 to 3 mm to 3 to 5 mm while the rubber content was kept constant at 15% by volume. The dynamic compressive behavior of rubberized concrete was investigated by using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The experimental results have shown that rubberized concrete with smaller rubber aggregates showed higher static compressive strength as compared to that with larger rubber aggregates. Meanwhile, the rubber aggregate size did not considerably affect the density of rubberized concrete. The use of smaller rubber aggregate size mitigated the slump reduction of rubberized concrete. Rubberized concrete exhibited obvious sensitivity to strain rate and those with larger rubber aggregates showed higher strain rate sensitivity. The progressive damage of rubberized concrete showed more ductile behavior with bulging failure, which was different from the typical concrete under compression. In general, the use of smaller rubber aggregate size was beneficial to the static compressive strength but less effective to the dynamic compressive strength of rubberized concrete as compared to those with larger rubber aggregates.
Much more than just a ‘veterinary club’
Authors: Loeb Josh
Published: July 2021

As OIE director general, Monique Éloit holds one of the most significant roles in global animal health. Here, in an in‐depth interview – her first since being elected for a second five‐year term – she tells Josh Loeb about her plans to further enhance the reputation of the organisation by emphasising its role at the nexus of One Health
Congenital heart defects in calves
Authors: Millar Michael , Foster Aiden , Borgeat Kieran , Adams James , Woollatt Sarah , Floyd Toby , Jewell Natalie , Swinson Vanessa , Moore Jonathan , Strugnell Ben
Published: July 2021

This focus article describes some of the cardiac anomalies detected in calves submitted to APHA Veterinary Investigation Centres and other postmortem examination providers
Nuchal‐type fibroma in a Lhasa Apso
Authors: Venman Lucy , Di Palma Stefano , Dennis Ruth , Murgia Daniela
Published: July 2021

A 3‐year old male entire Lhasa Apso presented with a swelling on the right ventral aspect of the mid‐cervical area. Mature connective tissue was identified on histopathologic examination of an incisional biopsy sample. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass, possibly in three parts, characterized by striking hypointensity in T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted and T2* gradient‐echo sequences. The tumor was surgically excised, and a proliferation of mature fibroblasts embedded in collagenous matrix was confirmed histologically. Localization and histopathologic features of this proliferation were similar to human nuchal‐type fibroma. Six months after surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence and excision appeared curative.
The combination of an ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block and epidural morphine as effective intra‐operative adjuncts to opioid premedication in six dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy
Authors: Gómez Fernández Laura , Huuskonen Vilhelmiina , Potter Joanna
Published: July 2021

Six dogs were presented to the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for either left or right lateral thoracotomy. After opioid premedication and induction of general anaesthesia, ultrasound‐guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block with bupivacaine 0.5% (0.5 mL/kg) or bupivacaine 0.25% (1 mL/kg) was performed in all cases before the surgical procedure along with morphine (0.2 mg/kg) administered epidurally. This combination of local techniques was a successful adjunct to systemic analgesia in these six dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy, reducing considerably the need for systemic opioids intra‐ and post‐operatively. Ultrasound‐guided ESP block with bupivacaine and epidurally administered morphine provided good multimodal intra‐operative analgesia for dogs undergoing lateral thoracotomy.
A review of wind turbine drivetrain loads and load effects for fixed and floating wind turbines
Authors: Remigius W. Dheelibun , Natarajan Anand
Published: July 2021

Drivetrain is one of the important subsystems in the wind turbine and faults and damages in the drivetrain significantly affect the wind turbine's downtime and nonavailability. Understanding the drivetrain dynamics and load effects that results in failures has been a major research area due to challenges in the drivetrain operations and maintenance. A systematic literature review of wind turbine drivetrains is presented according to key research areas of drivetrains, such as modeling and load effects on the drivetrain. Special emphasis is given for the floating wind turbine drivetrains. A review on the state‐of‐art modeling techniques of the drivetrain is presented. Studies concerning the aeroelastic load effects on the drivetrain components especially the gearbox and the bearings are discussed. Several key aspects such as aero‐hydro‐elastic interaction load effect and platform motion excitations on the floating wind turbine drivetrain dynamics are reviewed in detail. Finally, challenges related to floating wind turbine drivetrain are also discussed.

This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Science and Materials

Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure

Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Ni(NCS)2‐3‐Cyanopyridine Coordination Compounds including a Ferromagnetic Layered Compound
Authors: Krebs Christoph , Thiele Solveig , Ceglarska Magdalena , Näther Christian
Published: July 2021

Reactions of Ni(NCS)2 and 3‐cyanopyridine in different solvents lead to the formation of Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)4 (1) already reported in the literature, Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2(H2O)2 (2), Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2(CH3OH)2 (3), Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2(CH3CN)2 (4) and Ni(NCS)2(3‐cyanopyridine)2 (5). The crystal structures of 1–4 consist of discrete octahedral complexes, in which the thiocyanate anions, as well as the 3‐cyanopyridine coligands, are only terminally N‐bonded. In compound 5 the Ni cations are octahedrally coordinated and linked by pairs of thiocyanate anions into dinuclear units that are further connected into layers by single μ‐1,3‐bridging anionic ligands. TG‐DTA measurements of the discrete complex 1 reveal that in the first step half of the coligands are emitted leading to the formation of compound 5. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3 transform into a new crystalline phase of the same composition (6) upon heating that should also contain μ‐1,3‐bridging anionic ligands, but the outcome of this reaction strongly depends on the reaction conditions. The acetonitrile complex 4 is unstable at room temperature and decomposes into a mixture of different phases including the aqua complex 2. Magnetic measurements of compound 5 prove a ferromagnetic transition at Tc=6.0 K. This result is compared to those obtained for other thiocyanate compounds exhibiting a similar layer topology.
Electroweak phase transition with an SU(2) dark sector
Authors: Ghosh Tathagata , Guo Huai-Ke , Han Tao , Liu Hongkai
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We consider a non-Abelian dark SU(2)D model where the dark sector couples to the Standard Model (SM) through a Higgs portal. We investigate two different scenarios of the dark sector scalars with Z2 symmetry, with Higgs portal interactions that can introduce mixing between the SM Higgs boson and the SM singlet scalars in the dark sector. We utilize the existing collider results of the Higgs signal rate, direct heavy Higgs searches, and electroweak precision observables to constrain the model parameters. The SU(2)D partially breaks into U(1)D gauge group by the scalar sector. The resulting two stable massive dark gauge bosons and pseudo-Goldstone bosons can be viable cold dark matter candidates, while the massless gauge boson from the unbroken U(1)D subgroup is a dark radiation and can introduce long-range attractive dark matter (DM) self-interaction, which can alleviate the small-scale structure issues. We study in detail the pattern of strong first-order phase transition and gravitational wave (GW) production triggered by the dark sector symmetry breaking, and further evaluate the signal-to-noise ratio for several proposed space interferometer missions. We conclude that the rich physics in the dark sector may be observable with the current and future measurements at colliders, DM experiments, and GW interferometers.
Higgs coupling measurements and the scale of new physics
Authors: Abu-Ajamieh Fayez , Chang Spencer , Chen Miranda , Luty Markus A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A primary goal of present and future colliders is measuring the Higgs couplings to Standard Model (SM) particles. Any observed deviation from the SM predictions for these couplings is a sign of new physics whose energy scale can be bounded from above by requiring tree-level unitarity. In this paper, we extend previous work on unitarity bounds from the Higgs cubic coupling to Higgs couplings to vector bosons and top quarks. We find that HL-LHC measurements of these couplings compatible with current experimental bounds may point to a scale that can be explored at the HL-LHC or a next-generation collider. Our approach is completely model-independent: we assume only that there are no light degrees of freedom below the scale of new physics, and allow arbitrary values for the infinitely many couplings beyond the SM as long as they are in agreement with current measurements. We also extend and clarify the methodology of this analysis, and show that if the scale of new physics is above the TeV scale, then the deviations can be described by the leading higher-dimension gauge invariant operator, as in the SM effective field theory.
Identifiability of Rank-3 Tensors
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Bernardi Alessandra , Santarsiero Pierpaola
Published: July 2021

Rank-2 and rank-3 tensors are almost all identifiable with only few exceptions.We classify them all together with the dimensions and the structures of all the sets evincing the rank.
Rationale and design of the EPCHF trial: the early palliative care in heart failure trial (EPCHF)
Authors: Becher Marc Ulrich , Balata Mahmoud , Hesse Michaela , Draht Fabian , Zachoval Christian , Weltermann Birgitta , Westenfeld Ralf , Neukirchen Martin , Pfister Roman , Standl Thomas , Radbruch Lukas , Nickenig Georg
Published: July 2021

The progressive nature of heart failure (HF) coupled with high mortality and poor quality-of-life (QoL) mandates greater attention to palliative care (PC) as a routine component of HF management. Limited evidence exists from randomized controlled trials supporting the use of interdisciplinary palliative care in the progressive course of HF. The early palliative care in heart failure trial (EPCHF) is a prospective, controlled, nonblinded, multicenter study of an interdisciplinary palliative care intervention in 200 patients with symptomatic HF characterized by NYHA ≥ 2. The 12-month EPCHF intervention includes monthly consultations by a palliative care team focusing on physical and psychosocial symptom relief, attention to spiritual concerns and advance care planning. The primary endpoint is evaluated by health-related QoL questionnaires after 12 months of treatment. First the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy palliative care (FACIT-Pal) score evaluating QoL living with a chronic disease and second the Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire (KCCQ) measuring QoL living with heart failure will be determined. Secondary endpoints are changes in anxiety/depression (HADS), symptom burden score (MIDOS), spiritual well-being functional assessment of chronic illness therapy spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp), medical resource and cost assessment. EPCHF will help evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of palliative care in symptomatic HF using a patient-centered outcome as well as clinical and economic endpoints. EPCHF is funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, 01GY17).
On Randomized Trace Estimates for Indefinite Matrices with an Application to Determinants
Authors: Cortinovis Alice , Kressner Daniel
Published: July 2021

Randomized trace estimation is a popular and well-studied technique that approximates the trace of a large-scale matrixBby computing the average of$$x^T Bx$$xTBxfor many samples of a random vectorX. Often,Bis symmetric positive definite (SPD) but a number of applications give rise to indefiniteB. Most notably, this is the case for log-determinant estimation, a task that features prominently in statistical learning, for instance in maximum likelihood estimation for Gaussian process regression. The analysis of randomized trace estimates, including tail bounds, has mostly focused on the SPD case. In this work, we derive new tail bounds for randomized trace estimates applied to indefiniteBwith Rademacher or Gaussian random vectors. These bounds significantly improve existing results for indefiniteB, reducing the number of required samples by a factornor even more, wherenis the size ofB. Even for an SPD matrix, our work improves an existing result by Roosta-Khorasani and Ascher (Found Comput Math, 15(5):1187–1212, 2015) for Rademacher vectors. This work also analyzes the combination of randomized trace estimates with the Lanczos method for approximating the trace off(B). Particular attention is paid to the matrix logarithm, which is needed for log-determinant estimation. We improve and extend an existing result, to not only cover Rademacher but also Gaussian random vectors.
Health literacy measures are not worse in an urban district high in migration and unemployment compared to a citywide and a national sample
Authors: Putz Peter , Patek Andreas
Published: July 2021

Aim

This study aimed at comparing health literacy measures, and their correlates, for the district of Favoriten to those of Vienna and Austria. The Viennese district of Favoriten was of particular interest, due to present characteristics, such as its high cultural and ethnic diversity as well as a relatively high unemployment rate.

Subject and methods

This study was set up as a cross-sectional, paper-based self-completion random sample survey. For each sample representing Favoriten, Vienna, and Austria, 500 adults were randomly drawn from the population register.

Results

Out of 1500 surveys sent out, 160 (10.7%) were included in the analysis. Regarding general health literacy, the sample of Favoriten scored highest (33.9; CI 95% 31.5, 36.3), followed by the samples of Austria (32.5; CI 95% 30.9, 34.2) and Vienna (31.5; CI 95% 29.6, 33.4). Higher household income (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), better education (r = 0.31, p = 0.09) and migration status outside the EU (d = −0.56, p = 0.12) showed moderately effect-sized associations to general health literacy in the sample of Favoriten, which was not the case for other characteristics such as age, gender, and employment status.

Conclusion

In the light of previous studies, reporting on associations of health literacy measures with social determinants, such as migration and employment status, the sample of Favoriten might well have been expected to result in impaired health literacy measures. Our results do not support this assumption, though. Despite the limited external validity of this study, policymakers and practitioners may be advised to design health literacy measures in such a way that specifically reaches out to the socially disadvantaged target population and not focus merely on pertinent districts or regions.
Delivering too much, too little or off target—possible consequences of differences in perceptions on agricultural advisory services
Authors: Krafft Jannica , Höckert Jenny , Ljung Magnus , Lundberg Sara , Kolstrup Christina Lunner
Published: July 2021

Advisory services are considered to play an important role in the development of competitiveness and sustainability in agriculture. Advisory services have been studied at policy level, structural level and within case studies, but there is still restricted knowledge about advisors’ and farmers’ view on advisory services in general. This paper presents the views of Swedish advisors and farmers on advisory services. In a survey-based study, perceptions of farm advisors and full-time farmers in commercial Swedish agriculture on advisory services were identified and statistically analysed, comparing differences between and within the groups. The results are structured around three main themes; motives for a farmer using or not using advisory services, preferred approach by the advisor and future demands on advisory services and their importance today. Possible consequences of differences in perceptions for on-farm service delivery were assessed. Similarities in perceptions on advisory services among advisors and farmers, were found in areas characterised by well-defined questions or production-related issues. Significant differences in perceptions of advisors and farmers emerged in less concrete areas and on topics connected to change, management and strategy. Consequences of discrepancies in perceptions are that advisors may deliver too much, too little or off target, especially when expectations on advisory services are not clearly expressed. A strong and proactive back-office supporting the advisors is needed to prevent these possible consequences.
Manuscript: Defining Quality Standards for Intensive Home Based Treatment Programs for Youth with Serious Emotional Disorders
Authors: Bruns Eric J. , Benjamin Philip H. , Shepler Richard N. , Kellogg Marianne , Pluckebaum Hunter , Woolston Joseph L. , English Kelly , Zabel Michelle D.
Published: July 2021

Intensive Home Based Treatment (IHBT) is a critical component of the continuum of community-based behavioral healthcare for youth with serious emotional disorder (SED) and their families. Yet despite being used nationwide at costs of over $100 million annually in some states, a well-vetted, research-based set of quality standards for IHBT has yet to be developed. The current project aimed to define program and practice standards for IHBT, drawing upon literature review, expert interviews, and a systematic Delphi process engaging over 80 participants, including IHBT developers, experts in evidence-based youth mental health, youth and family advocates, IHBT providers, and state policymakers. After two rounds of quantitative and qualitative input, adequate consensus was achieved on 32 IHBT Program Standards and 43 IHBT Practice Standards. These standards hold potential for informing efforts such as development of state regulations, provider contracts, memoranda of agreement, and training and workforce development initiatives. Translation of the quality standards into measurement strategies holds potential for providing a method of continuous quality improvement across multiple levels as well as use in research on IBHT.
Prolonged blooming season of flower plantings increases wild bee abundance and richness in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Neumüller Ulrich , Burger Hannah , Schwenninger Hans Richard , Hopfenmüller Sebastian , Krausch Sabrina , Weiß Karin , Ayasse Manfred
Published: July 2021

Flower plantings can increase the abundance of bees and improve pollination services in the surrounding landscape. However, uncertainty remains as to whether flower plantings play a role in wild bee conservation. The aim of this study has been to examine the contribution of the composition and management of flower plantings to the attraction of bees, particularly of endangered species. In a large-scale monitoring project, wild bee data were collected on 60 flower plantings and 120 semi-natural reference plots in 20 study sites over 2 years. In total, we recorded 60,335 bees belonging to 351 species. In flower plantings, bee species richness and abundance were intricately linked to high plant richness and constant blooming throughout the season. In the first year of this study, a complimentary blooming phenology of annual and perennial plants resulted in a more constant bloom on flower plantings. In the second year, partial mowing of flower plantings mid-season enhanced floral resources during the late season. As a result, bee richness and abundance in flower plantings increased from the first to the second year. Nevertheless, the compositional heterogeneity of bees over all 20 sites in Germany did not increase from the first to the second year. We conclude that diverse and constant blooming throughout the season is the most important factor for promoting bees in flower plantings. To ensure sufficient beta diversity over a large spatial scale, we recommend the adjustment of seed mixtures according to the geographical region.
Coherent Eddies Transporting Passive Scalars Through the Plant Canopy Revealed by Large-Eddy Simulations Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Watanabe Tsutomu , Takagi Marie , Shimoyama Kou , Kawashima Masayuki , Onodera Naoyuki , Inagaki Atsushi
Published: July 2021

A double-distribution-function lattice Boltzmann model for large-eddy simulations of a passive scalar field in a neutrally stratified turbulent flow is described. In simulations of the scalar turbulence within and above a homogeneous plant canopy, the model’s performance is found to be comparable with that of a conventional large-eddy simulation model based on the Navier–Stokes equations and a scalar advection–diffusion equation in terms of the mean turbulence statistics, budgets of the second moments, power spectra, and spatial two-point correlation functions. For a top-down scalar, for which the plant canopy serves as a distributed sink, the variance and flux of the scalar near the canopy top are predominantly determined by sweep motions originating far above the canopy. These sweep motions, which have spatial scales much larger than the canopy height, penetrate deep inside the canopy and cause scalar sweep events near the canopy floor. By contrast, scalar ejection events near the canopy floor are induced by coherent eddies generated near the canopy top. The generation of such eddies is triggered by the downward approach of massive sweep motions to existing wide regions of weak ejective motions from inside to above the canopy. The non-local transport of scalars from above the canopy to the canopy floor, and vice versa, is driven by these eddies of different origins. Such non-local transport has significant implications for the scalar variance and flux budgets within and above the canopy, as well as the transport of scalars emitted from the underlying soils to the atmosphere.
Trend of medically induced monozygotic twin deliveries according to age, parity, and type of assisted reproductive technique during the period 2007–2017 in Lombardy Region, Northern Italy: a population-based study
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Somigliana Edgardo , Franchi Matteo , Dallagiovanna Chiara , Pisaturo Valerio , Corrao Giovanni , Parazzini Fabio
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The risk of monozygotic (MZT) twinning is increased in pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies (ART). However, determinants remain poorly understood. To shed more light on this issue, we analyzed the estimated frequency of MZT twins from ART in Lombardy, Northern Italy, during the period 2007–2017.

Methods

This is a population-based study using regional healthcare databases of Lombardy Region. After having detected the total number of deliveries of sex-concordant and sex-discordant twins from ART, we calculated MZT rate using Weinberg’s method. Standardized ratios (SRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of MZT deliveries, adjusted for maternal age, were computed according to calendar period, parity, and type of ART.

Results

On the whole, 19,130 deliveries from ART were identified, of which 3,446 were twins. The estimated rate of MZT births among ART pregnancies was higher but decreased over time (p-value = 0.03); the SRs being 1.33 (95% CI: 1.18–1.51), 0.96 (95% CI: 0.83–1.11), and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79–1.07) for the periods 2007–2010, 2011–2014, and 2015–2017, respectively. The SRs of MZT among women undergoing first-level techniques, conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38–0.57), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.88–1.17), and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.27–1.61) (p-value < 0.0001). The ratio of MZT births was significantly higher in women younger than 35 years (p-value < 0.0001) and slightly higher among nulliparae (p-value < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Despite a reduction of MZT rate from ART over the time, the risk remains higher among ART pregnancies rather than natural ones. Younger women and women undergoing ICSI showed the highest risk of all.
Parent and Child Factors Associated with Household versus Community Adversity among Black and Hispanic Children
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Stewart Tatum , Davies Jewel D. , Naureckas Sara , Venegas-Murillo Angela , McCreary Michael , Kenan Kristen N. , Zima Bonnie T.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe exposure to within-household and community adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and to identify child- and parent-level factors associated with exposure to different kinds of ACEs. This cross-sectional study used a clinical sample of 257 Black and Hispanic children ages 3–16 years and their caregivers who were seeking care at two federally qualified health centers in Chicago, Illinois and screened positive for a behavioral health problem. The sample had high levels of within-household ACEs (76% reported at least one) and community ACEs (71% reported at least one). Black children experienced more overall and within-household ACEs than Hispanic children, including forced separation from a caregiver and family member incarceration. Hispanic children experienced more bullying and violent media exposure. Significant associations to all categories of ACEs were observed for depression, child behavioral problems, and older child age. Tailored assessment of ACEs and interventions such as trauma-informed care are needed in pediatric clinical settings, including assessment of ACEs children in experience in communities.
Longitudinal Associations between Internalizing Symptoms, Dispositional Mindfulness, Rumination and Impulsivity in Adolescents
Authors: Royuela-Colomer Estíbaliz , Fernández-González Liria , Orue Izaskun
Published: July 2021

Mindfulness has been associated with fewer negative mental health symptoms during adolescence, but fewer studies have examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms in conjunction with two vulnerability factors for psychopathology with mindfulness: rumination and impulsivity. This study examined longitudinal associations between internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity over a one-year period among 352 Spanish adolescents (57.4% girls; M = 14.47, SD = 1.34). Participants completed self-reported measures of symptoms, mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity at two time points. Mindfulness negatively predicted stress and depressive symptoms, and a bidirectional negative association was found between mindfulness and impulsivity. Impulsivity positively predicted stress, and anxiety positively predicted depressive symptoms, stress, and rumination. This study highlights the importance of mindfulness as a protective factor and impulsivity and anxiety as risk factors for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence. These findings build on previous studies that examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms by including rumination and impulsivity’s roles.
Development of the India Patriarchy Index: Validation and Testing of Temporal and Spatial Patterning
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Chokhandre Praveen , Singh Ajeet Kumar , Barker Kathryn M. , Kumar Kaushalendra , McDougal Lotus , James K. S. , Raj Anita
Published: July 2021

While existing indices of gender equality measure the role of women’s status and position, they inadequately contextualize the broader construct of patriarchy, a social system that underlies many gender inequitable practices. An index capturing patriarchy may afford increased understanding of this social system, and may serve to complement other gender equality indices. This paper involves the development and testing of a novel composite measure, the India Patriarchy Index, to quantify the social and ideological construct of patriarchy using empirical data on family structure and gender roles. Using data from India’s National Family Health Survey, we develop an India Patriarchy Index to measure gendered social positioning in families based on sex by age, patrilocality, sex ratio imbalance among offspring, and gendered economic roles. Psychometric testing demonstrates good internal reliability and construct validity of this index, with validity indicated by its association with three gender equality indices used in India. Spatial and temporal analyses further indicate much state-level variation in India Patriarchy Index scores as well as slow change on this indicator over time, based on time trend analyses from 1992–93 to 2015–16. Results demonstrate the utility of the India Patriarchy Index to measure and track gender equality progress in India.
Influence of COVID-19 on the poultry production and environment
Authors: Hafez Hafez M , Attia Youssef A , Bovera Fulvia , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Khafaga Asmaa F. , de Oliveira Maria Cristina
Published: July 2021

Although chickens are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, several coronavirus disease outbreaks have been described concerning poultry processing facilities in different countries. The COVID-19 pandemic and the developed strain caused 2nd, 3rd, and recent Indian strain waves of epidemics that have led to unexpected consequences, such as forced reductions in demands for some industries, transportation systems, employment, and businesses due to public confinement. Besides, poultry processing plants' conditions exacerbate the risks due to the proximity on the line, cold, and humidity. Most workers do not have access to paid sick time or adequate health care, and because of the low wages, they have limited reserves to enable them to leave steady employment. In addition, workers in meat and poultry slaughterhouses may be infected through respiratory droplets in the air and/or from touching dirty surfaces or objects such as workstations, break room tables, or tools. Egg prices have increased dramatically during the lockdown as consumers have started to change their behaviors and habits. The COVID pandemic might also substantially impact the international poultry trade over the next several months. This review will focus on the effect of COVID-19 on poultry production, environmental sustainability, and earth systems from different process points of view.
Ambidextrie – Brauchbare Beobachtungsbrille zur aktuellen Konfliktdynamik in Organisationen?
Authors: Csar Matthias
Published: July 2021

Dieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) beschäftigt sich mit dem Konzept der organisationalen Ambidextrie. Ambidextrie (übersetzt: Beidhändigkeit) beschreibt die Fähigkeit einer Organisation auf die verschiedenen Marktdynamiken ihrer Umwelt gleichermaßen reagieren zu können. Sowohl das Kerngeschäft wird kontinuierlich optimiert als auch die Entwicklung von Innovation vorangetrieben. Nach der theoretischen Einbettung des Ambidextriebegriffs wird auf ein Fallbeispiel eingegangen und die Theorie auf ihre Praktikabilität hin reflektiert. Es wird der Annahme nachgegangen, dass es sich bei dem Ambidextriebegriff um ein aktuelles Erklärungsmodell handelt, das die Konfliktdynamik zwischen den Marktanforderungen von außen und der operativen Abwicklung im Inneren der Organisation in ein aktuelles Gewand kleidet.
A Doppler ultrasound self-monitoring approach for detection of relevant individual decompression stress in scuba diving
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Brunner Benedikt P. , Pohl Thomas , Grab Thomas , Fieback Tobias , Koch Thea
Published: July 2021

Observing modern decompression protocols alone cannot fully prevent diving injuries especially in repetitive diving. Professional audio Doppler bubble measurements are not available to sports scuba divers. If those non-professionals were able to learn audio Doppler self-assessment for bubble grading, such skill could provide significant information on individual decisions with respect to diving safety. We taught audio Doppler self-assessment of subclavian and precordial probe position to 41 divers in a 45-min standardized, didactically optimized training. Assessment before and after air dives within sports diving limits was made through 684 audio Doppler measurements in dive-site conditions by both trained divers and a medical professional, plus additional 2D-echocardiography reference. In all dives (average maximum depth 22 m; dive time 44 min), 33% of all echocardiography measurements revealed bubbles. The specificity of audio bubble detection in combination of both detection sites was 95%, and sensitivity over all grades was 40%, increasing with higher bubble grades. Dive-site audio-Doppler-grading underestimated echo-derived bubble grades. Bubble detection sensitivity of audio Doppler self-assessments, compared to an experienced examiner, was 62% at subclavian and 73% at precordial position. 6 months after the training and 4.5 months after the last measurement, the achieved Doppler skill level remained stable. Audio Doppler self-assessment can be learned by non-professionals in a single teaching intervention. Despite accurate bubble grading is impossible in dive-site conditions, relevant high bubble grades can be detected by non-professionals. This qualitative information can be important in self-evaluating decompression stress and assessing measures for increased diving safety.