bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revitalisasi Posyandu sebagai upaya peningkatan kesehatan anak dan balita di Posyandu Manggis Kelurahan Karang Roto Semarang
Authors: Luthfa Iskim
Published: January 2021

AbstrakSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) tahun 2016 menempatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak sebagai indikator keberhasilan dalam pembangunan kesehatan. Posyandu merupakan Pelayanan kesehatan yang memungkinkan untuk memantau kesehatan ibu dan anak, karena mampu menjangkau seluruh masyarakat sampai ke pelosok wilayah. Data dan Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia 2018, di Jawa Tengah terdapat sebanyak 46.701 Posyandu, namun yang aktif melaksanakan kegiatan hanya 33.609 Posyandu (71,97%). Sehingga diperlukan revitalisasi posyandu yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan fungsi dan kinerja Posyandu agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan masyarakat terutama anak dan balita. Program revitalisasi ini berbasis pemberdayaan, dan kader Posyandu sebagai mitranya. Kegiatan utama program revitalisasi posyandu meliputi, 1) Program pelatihan kompetensi kader, 2) Program pelayanan pokok Posyandu, dan 3) Program dukungan masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan kompetensi kader mengalami peningkatan meliputi pengetahuan tentang 5 program pokok posyandu, keterampilan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan balita, keterampilan membuat media penyuluhan kesehatan, keterampilan memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan, keterampilan melakukan kunjungan rumah, dan keterampilan melakukan pembukuan sistem informasi posyandu.�Kata kunci: kader; kesehatan anak dan balita; revitalisasi posyandu.��AbstractOne of the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets is maternal and child health as an indicator of success in health development. Posyandu is a health service that allows to monitor the health of mothers and children, being able to reach the whole community to remote areas. Indonesian Ministry of Health data for 2018, in Central Java there were 46,701 Posyandu, but only 33,609 Posyandu were active in carrying out activities (71.97%). So that the Posyandu Revitalization is needed which aims to improve the function and performance of Posyandu so that it can meet the health needs of the community, especially children and toddlers. This revitalization program is based on empowerment, and Posyandu cadres as partners. The main activities of the Posyandu revitalization program include, 1) Cadre competency training program, 2) Posyandu main service program, and 3) Community support program. The results of the activity showed that cadres' competencies had increased including knowledge of the five main posyandu programs, skills in conducting under-five health checks, skills in making health education media, skills in providing health education, skills in home visits, and skills in recording posyandu information systems.Keywords: cadres; child and toddler health; posyandu revitalization
Optimalisasi Peran Pendamping Desa terhadap Pencegahan Fraud Pemerintah Desa di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Wijayanti Provita , Kartika Indri , Kiryanto Kiryanto , Adiwijaya Zainal Alim , Shodiq Muhammad Ja'far , Mutoharoh Mutoharoh , Nashruah Nisa' Uzlifat
Published: January 2021

AbstrakPemerintah desa melaksanakan tugas pengelolaan dan pertanggungjawaban dana desa berdasarkan UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Dalam pelaksanaan sistem pengawasan dan tata kelola pemerintah desa, perangkat desa dibantu oleh pendamping dan pengawas desa yang meliputi auditor Inspektorat Kabupaten, anggota Badan perwakilan desa dan pendamping desa. Pendamping dan pengawas desa memiliki peran penting dalam pendampingan pencegahan fraud dana desa yang terjadi di pemerintahan desa. Populasi dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan seluruh pendamping desa di Kabupaten Demak. Teknik insidental sampling digunakan dalam pengabdian ini dan diperoleh 51 orang pendamping desa di kabupataen demak yang menjadi mitra dalam program pengabdian masyarakat oleh tim dosen akuntansi FE UNISSULA. Data mengenai persepsi peran pendamping pemerintah desa serta peran sistem pengendalian internal terhadap pencegahan fraud diperoleh melalui pembagian kuesioner tertutup dengan skala likert 1-5. Hasil pengujian regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa peran pendamping pemerintah desa berpengaruh positif terhadap pencegahan fraud sedangkan sistem pengendalian internal tidak berpengaruh terhadap pencegahan fraud.AbstractThe village government carries out the task of village funds managing, and supervising based on Law number 6/2014 of Villages. In implementing supervision and governance system, village officials are assisted by village assistants and supervisors that containing the District Inspectorate auditor, members of the village representative body and village assistants. Village assistants and supervisors have an important role in assisting fraud prevention on village funds, which could potentially occur in village government. The population in this community service activity is the whole village assistants in Demak Regency. Incidental sampling technique was used so that resulted in 51 village assistants in Demak Regency who became partners in the community service program held by the accounting team of Faculty of Economic Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. Data on the perception of the village assistant�s role as well as the internal control system role on fraud prevention were obtained through the distribution of closed questionnaires using the Likert scale of 1-5. The results of multiple linear regression tests indicate that the role of village government assistants has a positive effect on fraud prevention while the internal control system has no effect on fraud prevention.
Peningkatan Ekonomi Kreatif Digital Desa Betokan Kabupaten Demak melalui Manajemen Bisnis, Pemanfaatan Teknologi Digital, dan Sistem Informasi
Authors: Arizqi Arizqi , Kusumawati Diah Ayu , Novitasari Ratna
Published: January 2021

Desa Betokan merupakan salah satu desa yang memiliki potensi besar, mengingat desa Betokan adalah desa penghasil buah jambu dan belimbing terbesar di Kabupaten Demak. Buah jambu dan belimbing sendiri merupakan buah khas kota Demak. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar pelaku usaha penjual jambu dan belimbing yang ada di Desa Betokan tersebut masih terkendala dalam hal manajemen usaha terutama dalam hal pemasaran dan pengembangan produk. Sehingga kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan guna meningkatkan Ekonomi kreatif� berbasis Digital masyarakat di Desa Betokan dari usaha yang telah dimiliki sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan warga desa Betokan. Metode dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini antara lain penyampaian materi penyuluhan, tanya jawab dan diskusi, dilanjutkan dengan praktik. Dari pelaksanaan pengabdian masysrakat dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat antusias dalam pelaksanaan penyuluhan yang dilakukan, terlebih pada saat penyampaian materi dan praktik pembuatan akun media sosial dan juga akun E-commerce seperti akun facebook, instagram, dan juga shopee. Terlebih pada masa pandemi Covid-19 seperti sekarang ini, masyarakat selaku konsumen banyak yang beralih dari pembelian secara langsung (offline) ke pembelian online. Dari adanya akun media sosial dan e-commerce ini juga pelaku usaha dapat lebih mengembangkan pasar yang ada.Betokan is one of the villages that has great potential, considering that Betokan is the largest producer of guava and star fruit in Demak Regency. Guava and star fruit are the typical fruits of Demak city. Even so, most of the guava and starfruit selling business actors in Betokan are still constrained in terms of business management, especially in terms of marketing and product development. So that community service activities were carried out to improve the community-based digital creative economy in Betokan, Demak from the business that has been owned so that it can increase the income and welfare of Betokan villagers. Methods used in this community service included the delivery of extension materials, questions and answers and discussions, followed by practice. From the implementation of community service, it can be concluded that the public is enthusiastic about the implementation of the counseling carried out, especially when delivering material and practices for creating social media accounts and also e-commerce accounts such as Facebook, Instagram, and shopee accounts. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic like now, many people as consumers have switched from direct (offline) purchases to online purchases. From the existence of social media and e-commerce accounts, business actors can further develop existing markets.
Dukungan Psikososial terhadap Anak Penderita Retardasi Mental di SLB Widya Bhakti Semarang
Authors: Huda Ahmadi Nur , Noerhidajati Elly , Hastuti Rizki Woro , Maesaroh Siti
Published: January 2021

Mitra merupakan siswa-siswi SLB Widya Bhakti Semarang yang mempunyai keterbatasan intelektual dan adaptasi. Untuk membantu mengurangi keterbatasan mitra diberikan dukungan psikososial. Kegiatan ini bertujuan menganalisis data demografi dan respons mitra terhadap dukungan psikososial. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini menggunakan metode kemitraan dengan sifat pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif sederhana, dilakukan pemberian dukungan psikososial berupa edukasi remidiasi kognitif, permainan sederhana, nyayian hiburan dan lagu perjuangan sebagai penyemangat. Hasilnya didapatkan mitra sebanyak 42 orang (100 %) data demografi� berdasarkan jenis kelamin terbanyak laki-laki� 27 anak (64,3 %), umur terbanyak 11-13 tahun 23 anak (54,8 %) agama mitra terbanyak Islam 39 anak (92,8 %), alamat terbanyak Semarang 36 anak (85,6 %), kelas mitra terbanyak 1-2 ada� 15 anak �(35,7 %), pekerjaan orang tua terbanyak adalah swasta 31 anak (73,8 %). Setelah dilakukan program kemitraan masyarakat dengan pendekatan psikososial terdapat respons mitra yang bervariasi. Terbanyak mitra menyatakan: menyenangkan 42 anak (100 %), bermanfaat 42 anak (100 %), diperlukaan 37anak (88,1 %), kegiatan ini baik 42 anak (100 %), menyukai 38 anak (90,5 %).�Our partners in this activity were SLB Widya Bhakti Semarang students who have intellectual and adaptation limitations. To help reduce the limitations of partners, psychosocial support was provided. This activity aimed to analyze demographic data and partners' responses to psychosocial support. The method of implementing this activity used a partnership method with a simple qualitative and quantitative approach, providing psychosocial support in the form of cognitive remediation education, simple games, entertainment songs and struggle songs as encouragement. The results obtained partners as many as 42 people (100%), the most demographic data based on gender were 27 boys (64.3%), the most age 11-13 years 23 children (54.8%) the most partner religion was Islam 39 children (92.8%), most address Semarang 36 children (85.6%), most partner class 1-2 there were 15 children (35.7%), most parents work was private 31 children (73.8%). After the community partnership program was carried out with a psychosocial approach, there were various responses from partners. Most partners stated: it was fun for 42 children (100%), useful for 42 children (100%), needed for 37 children (88.1%), this activity was good for 42 children (100%), liked 38 children (90.5%).�
An analysis of teaching character education technique and values found in �Confession� directed by Tetsuya Nakashima
Authors: Rachmijati Cynantia
Published: January 2021

�Confession� is a Japanese thriller drama movie about a teacher named Yuko Moriguchi who lost her daughter where she believed that some of her students involved in her daughter�s death. The objectives of this research are (1) to explain character education teaching technique (2) to explain the character education values found in the �Confession movie�.� This research is descriptive qualitative by content analysis. The data source was taken from scene in the �Confession� movie. The object of this research is movie �Confession� directed by Tetsuya Nakashima with 106 minutes running time. The research data are in the form of speech, behaviour, context displayed by the characters through visualization in the film. And analysed based on character education principals teaching and character educational values proposed by Ministry of National Education (2010). The researcher finds 16 data, include 5 data of character education teaching techniques and 11 data of values. Therefore it can be concluded that the character education teaching technique based on this movie are : promoting basic values and explained to the students what makes a good person, be friends with the students and understand their characters, be close to them and talk to them as friends, believe in them and always motivate, praise and encourage them. Whereas the characters values found are: honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard-working, creative, democratic, patriotic, appreciative, peace-loving and social care. It is also noted that movie can be used as aid in teaching character education where it can be obtained through themes, messages, and advice in the values of the movie storyline.��
SELAWAT NABI IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCAL SUFIS AND REVIVALISTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ni’mah Zetty Azizatun
Published: January 2021

This study aims to reveal the understanding of local Sufis and revivalists about Selawat Nabi. The two schools, if their ideological roots are traced, are different. But they both share the concept of Selawat Nabi which is believed to be the construct of understanding. This research is interesting, because local Sufis with theological revivalists (not sharia, which is ritual muamalah), still carry out the construct of thought. This is also a point of research significance. This research is a qualitative-descriptive literature review with a phenomenological approach. The result of this research is that local Sufis state that the Prophet's selawat is a medium to achieve wusul to Allah accompanied by appreciation through the concept of opening, it will be acceptable because it is closely related to the formation of adab so that it is kept away from behavior that can harm oneself and others. The figure of the Messenger of Allah is to make him live in the soul by verbally reproducing selawat. The routine of reading selawat is a connection between the readers of selawat and the Prophet which is actualized in the behavior of imitating the Prophet's morals. Revivalists adhere to selawat ma'surat whose pronunciation is following the guidance of the Prophet. Saying selawat is not the main thing in loving the Prophet, but the most important thing is to make the Prophet's figure to live in the soul and have the morals of the Prophet.
THE ROLES AND TEACHING STRATEGIES OF TEACHERS IN THE ERA OF DISRUPTIONS: STUDY ON POLICY OF EDUCATION MINISTER NADIEM ANWAR MAKARIM IN HADITH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Kadi Kadi , Wati Dewi Trisna , Sari Indah Perwito
Published: January 2021

Educators are the best curriculum for applying knowledge, culture, and science. As for realizing all these goals, it is necessary to have the right idea. From that, the ideas conveyed by Nadiem Makarim the Indonesian Minister of Education, will be correlated in the hadith perspective. This idea can be drawn from five important points, namely, class discussion, the role of students in teaching and learning activities, fostering the social spirit of students, discovering student’s identities, cooperation between teachers and students. Where these ideas have been conveyed indirectly through the hadiths, which are, part of the Prophet is learning. Hadiths found through literature study are the Kitab Syarah Bukhari, Fathul Baari, Sahih Muslim, and journals. The method used in this Takhrij al-Hadith is a qualitative study with the sanad criticism approach to determine the authenticity of a hadisth. In the sanad criticism method, the writer uses the Lidwa Pustaka i-software assistance method. Hadith found with the bil ma’na redaction method. So that there are 4 hadiths in the study. The first hadith in Shohih Bukhari no. 5514 regarding the method of question and answer the Prophet. Second, in Shohih Bukhori no. 77 about the virtue of konwledge and teaching. Third, in Shohih Muslim no. 4831 about growing the social soul. Fourth, in Sahih Bukhari no. 5567 about please help. The results of this study indicate tht the hadiths are muttashil (continued) so that the Prophet and his narrators have the predicate ‘fair and dlobitous so that these.
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING MOTIVATION TOWARDS ARABIC LEARNING OUTCOMES AT MA AL-MAHRUSIYAH LIRBOYO KEDIRI
Authors: Firmansyah Mu’min , Rahmawati Anggia
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of learning motivation on the learning outcomes of students in Arabic class X MA Al-Mahrusiyah Lirboyo Kediri. This research uses quantitative research. From the results of this study, it was found that based on the analysis of the learning motivation variable using SPSS Statistic 25.0, it was found that the most student motivation category data was in the Very High Arabic Learning Motivation category, namely 52 students (46%). Based on the Value and Category table, it can be seen that the highest number of students in the Arabic Language Learning Outcomes Value Category is 39 students with a percentage of 34.5%. From the results of the Pearson Correlation, it is found that the correlation between the Learning Motivation variable (X) on the Arabic Learning Outcomes (Y) is 0.927. According to the level of closeness, the relationship between the independent variable (Learning Motivation) and Arabic Learning Outcomes (Y) shows a high and strong relationship. While the direction of the relationship is positive. Based on these data it can be concluded that the higher the level of student motivation, the higher the results of learning Arabic for class X MA Al-Mahrusiyah Lirboyo Kediri. From the test results using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it shows that the value of P. value = 0.103 or greater than α = 0.05, so it can be concluded that the residual is normally distributed. And the magnitude of the correlation value (R) is 0.959. From this output, a determinant coefficient (R Square) of 0.859 contains the understanding that the influence of the independent variable Learning Motivation (X) on the dependent variable Arabic Learning Outcomes (Y) is 85.9%.
SOSIALISASI DAN GERAKAN BERSIH PANTAI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGURANGI SAMPAH DI KAWASAN WISATA HUTAN MANGROVE OESAPA BARAT KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Nau Getrudis Wilhelmina , Sombo Imelda Tidora
Published: January 2021

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pemahaman secara menyeluruh kepada masyarakat yang bermukim di sekitar kawasan wisata hutan mangrove wilayah Oesapa Barat tentang pentingnya menjaga kebersihan pantai dan pentingnya menjaga kelestarian ekosistem mangrove serta membersihkan kawasan wisata hutan mangrove wilayah Oesapa Barat.Target luaran yang diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat menyadari pentingnya menjaga kebersihan pantai dan kelestarian ekosistem mangrove. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah masyarakat acuh terhadap undangan yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdian sehingga mengindikasikan kurangnya kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan hidupnya.
PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK YATIM MELALUI KETRAMPILAN PEMBUATAN RAK PIRING ALUMINIUM DI PANTI ASUHAN MUHAMMADIYAH CABANG GANDAPURA KABUPATEN BIREUEN
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani , Mawardi Mawardi , Turmizi Turmizi , Dailami Dailami , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: January 2021

Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah Gandapura Kabupaten Bireuen mendidik anak-anak yatim yang kurang mampu agar dapat mengecap pendidikan yang sejajar dengan anak-anak yang lain, oleh karena itu anak asuh dibekali dengan pendidikan formal, pendidikan agama dan ketrampilan tambahan. Namun karena terbatasnya tenaga skill, biaya operasional dan minimnya pengetahuan manajemen usaha, maka kegiatan pelatihan yang sifatnya aplikatif dan dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan anak asuh tidak dilakukan. Kami tim pelaksana program PKM menawarkan solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut di atas dengan memberdayakan anak yatim melalui ketrampilan pembuatan rak piring aluminium. Program PKM ini dilaksanakan selama delapan bulan dengan cara membantu peralatan kerja dan bahan-bahan yang diperlukan dalam pembuatan rak piring, dimana barang-barang tersebut diberikan ke panti asuhan, sehingga disatu sisi sudah meringankan beban ekonomi mereka. Peralatan tersebut nantinya dapat digunakan untuk melatih anak asuh lainnya atau mengerjakan rak piring yang dipesan oleh konsumen. Kemudian diadakan pelatihan ketrampilan pembuatan rak piring. Kegiatan pelatihan yang diberikan meliputi introduksi tentang mesin dan peralatan, bahan-bahan, keselamatan kerja, kemudian cara membuat gambar rak piring, menghitung bahan yang diperlukan, cara memotong bahan, cara merakit, dan pengerjaan akhir, cara menghitung harga jual, dan pemasaran. Dalam pelatihan ini, dewan guru dan perwakilan anak asuh dilatih hingga menguasai materi yang diberikan, mereka merupakan pilot project, sehingga dapat mentransfer pengetahuan yang didapat kepada anak asuh lainnya. Melalui program PKM ini telah terjadi terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan khususnya bidang perencanaan, pembuatan, dan pengelolaan pembuatan rak piring aluminium.
Material Characterization and Optimum Usage of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) as Sand Replacement in Concrete
Authors:   Jamilus Research Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Ghadzali Nor Syafiqah , Wan Ibrahim Mohd Haziman ,   Jamilus Research Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Mohd Zuki Sharifah Salwa ,   Jamilus Research Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA, Hisyam Sani Mohd Syahrul ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Bandar Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Razak, Pahang, MALAYSIA, Mohammed Al-Fasih Mohammed Yahya ,   Jamilus Research Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA
Published: January 2021

Recently, the deficiency of natural sand is considered one of the most important thoughtful issues in the construction industry as it is one of the raw materials of concrete. The use of industrial waste by-products as an alternative material in concrete production is one solution to natural sand depletion. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the properties of the concrete containing Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) produced by coal-based power plants as sand replacement material. Initially, physical, chemical, microstructural properties like specific gravity, density, sieve analysis, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopic were investigated. Then, the optimum replacement of sand with CBA was determined based on the workability, compressive and splitting tensile test. The results displayed that the physical properties of CBA are similar to sand. Moreover, CBA was classified chemically as Class-F ash. It was found that the optimum replacement dosage of CBA with sand is 10% in which achieved the targeted/designed strength. In general, CBA has good potential to be utilized as a sand replacement material.
Modeling Simulation and Validation of a Tractor Wet Clutch Controlled by Proportional Valve
Authors: LİVATYALI Haydar , YEL Ali
Published: January 2021

Wet clutch is a widely used machine element in the agricultural machines be-cause it allows the transmission of high torque with a more user-friendly turn on/off. In this article, the control of a wet clutch pack using a proportional valve in the power take-off unit is investigated. A wet clutch package is implemented on the transmission direct PTO shaft and actuate the power take-off unit of an ag-ricultural tractor. A one-dimensional mathematical model of the wet clutch and the electro-hydraulic control system was developed. Several actuation cases were simulated, and responses of all circuit elements were evaluated. Based on these predictions, test procedures with out-put torque values 300 and 600 N-m were set at 1.900 rpm unloaded engine speed. Variables, including speed, pres-sure, and temperature, were recorded in the experiments. The test and simulation results were compared. The clutch pressure increase was 10% under-predicted while the mainline pressure drop was 1% over-predicted. The proposed 1-D model can be further improved indeed. Yet, the acceptable agreement between the model and tests, offer less costly trial-and-error in the design and tune-up of future systems.
THE SLAVIC AGE IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION: THE ECONOMIC RISE OF THE SLAV-INHABITED BALTIC SEACOAST IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Shchodra Olha
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background. The article attempts to explore the reasons of the economic rise in the Slav-inhabited Baltic Sea region, including the role of geographical factors; the impact of international trade on the economic development of the Slavic region; the role of the coastal Slavs in developing the Baltic trade routes as well as the network of river and land communications in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper mainly focuses on the participation of the Slavs in the formation of transcontinental trade routes and the development of trade between Europe and the Arab East. Purpose. To explore medieval written sources, archaeological sources and historical literature on the economic development of the Baltic Slavs; identify the main factors of their economic rise, including the establishment of cities and the development of trade. Results. The following conclusions are made in the article: the first early medieval cities in the southern Baltic were founded by the Slavs; as early as in the VII century in the Oder river basin alone there were about a hundred settlements in the lands of lutych tribes. The cities founded by the Slavs on the southwest coast of the Baltic were large trade centers such as Veligrad (ger. Mecklenburg), Volyn (ger. Yumna), Staryhrad (ger. Oldenburg), Kolobreg, Shchetin, Arkona and others. According to the German chronicler Adam Bremensky the Slavic city of Volyn located on the island at the mouth of the Oder river, was one of the largest early medieval cities in Europe and a major international trading center. The emergence of early cities was stimulated by economic development in the Baltic Slavic region, including agriculture and crafts. However, trade was the main factor in the economic rise of the Slav-inhabited Baltic sea region. The favorable geographical location contributed to the formation in its territory of a network of waterways and landways, which were branches of international trade highways. Contrary to established views of the Slavs as exclusively agricultural people, sources indicate that the main occupation of the coastal Slavs was trade. They also engaged in the maritime piracy, the centers of which were the islands of Fembra (ger. Femarn) and Ruyan (ger. Rügen). The coastal Slavic tribes were pioneers in paving the first trade routes and in developing international trade in the Baltic region. Trade activities of the coastal Slavs to a large extent ensured the establishment of trade links between different regions of Europe and the development of transcontinental trade between Europe and the Arab East. The transcontinental water and land routes passed through the lands inhabited by the Slavs (Slavonia). An important role in its development in the early Middle Ages also belongs to the Danube Slavs (the state of Samo, Great Moravia) and Rus. Key words: early Medieval Age, Baltic Slavs, obodrytes, lutyches, ruyans, international trade routes, trade with the Arab East.
THE STRUCTURE OF ARTISTIC SPACE IN PAVEL VEZHINOV’S NOVELLA “THE BARRIER” AND “A GENTLE CREATURE” BY FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, GAZHEVA Inna
Published: January 2021

Background: The article deals with the intertextual analysis of two novellas: The Barrier by Pavel Vezhinov and A Gentle Creature by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The methodological basis of the study is the interpretation of intertextuality as a product of reading (not the phenomenon of “writing”), according to which Vezhinov and Dostoevsky – writers belonging to different national cultures and historical eras – in some sense become contemporaries. Accordingly, A Gentle Creature, written earlier, is enriched by the meaning as a result of its comparison with The Barrier, as well as the latter by comparison with the story of Dostoevsky. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the intertextual connections of Pavel Vezhinov’s novella The Barrier and A Gentle Creature by Fyodor Dostoyevsky and to show how they deepen the content of both works in the reader’s perception. The analysis of texts is carried out within one level – the artistic space, which is “an author’s model of the world, expressed in the language of his spatial representations”. Results: Comparative analysis of the elements of spatial code and analysis of the characters’ behavior through the type of artistic space corresponding to each of them allows to understand the in-depth content of each of the two works. The storyline of both stories is based on one type of rite de passage – the transition from life “to another life”. The expected result of this transition is a radical spiritual transformation of the character and a new identity acquired by them. The events that make up the plot, in the two stories largely coincide and the last in their series is the suicide of the female character. The main character of The Barrier is a person who has gone astray and wanders within an open plane space. Meeting him with Doroteya, the character of the “vertically directed path” within the “open, voluminous space”, provokes the beginning of the “spiritual transformation” in him. However, the suicide of the female character again throw Antoni over the "barrier" of social conditioning that he managed to overcome with the help of Doroteya, and makes it impossible for him to acquire a “new identity”. The pawnbroker from A Gentle Creature is a “character of the point space” who has never been able to “expand the space” throughout the story. However, the suicide of the female character is reported as such an event, from which a real rite de passage can begin for the character, culminating in his acquisition of a way up and a radical spiritual transformation. Key words: intertextuality, artistic space, rite de passage, spiritual transformation, transfiguration.
Development and validation of the Digital Addiction Scale for Teenagers (DAST)
Authors: Seema Riin , Heidmets Mati , Konstabel Kenn , Varik-Maasik Ene
Published: January 2021

We present
development and validation of the Digital Addiction Scale for Teenagers (DAST),
describing the pilot study (N = 40 students) and main study (N = 4493) with
Estonian students aged 11–19, in spring 2020. Our aim was to create a scale
suitable for psychoeducational assessment of teenagers’ behaviour and feelings
towards digital devices. We used the mixed research framework (Onwuegbuzie,
Bustamante, & Nelson, 2010). Half of the study sample was collected before
the coronavirus crisis (Sample 1: 1972 students) and the rest of it during a
distance learning period (Sample 2: 2521 students). We found that factor
structure in both subsamples were similar. The DAST shows a negative relation
with emotional school engagement and life satisfaction and positive
correlations with school burnout, learning difficulties and screen time. We
discuss potential uses of the scale for assessing health related digital
competences.
SuDDICU Protocol
Authors: Billot Laurent , Cuthbertson Brian , Finfer Simon , Goodman Fiona , Gordon Anthony , Myburgh John , Seppelt Ian
Published: January 2021

Protocol for a crossover, cluster randomised controlled trial of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract in Intensive Care Unit patients.
Penguatan kader Kesehatan melalui edukasi gizi dalam mengatasi anemia pada ibu hamil
Authors: s Nurul pratiwi
Published: January 2021

Anemia pada ibu hamil menjadi masalah di dunia, karena anemia pada ibu hamil sangat erat kaitannya dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas pada ibu dan bayi termasuk resiko keguguran, lahir mati, rematuritas, berat bayi lahir rendah (WHO 2014). Anemia pada ibu hamil sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas manusia yang akan dilahirkan dan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) generasi yang akan datang. Selain itu, anemia pada ibu hamil dapat meningkatkan kejadian abortus, prematus, berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), serta dapat menyebabkan kematian pada ibu hamil pada waktu dan sesudah melahirkan (Syarfaini et al., 2020). Anemia merupakan masalah yang dialami oleh 41,8% ibu hamil di dunia. Sekitar setengah dari kejadian anemia tersebut disebabkan karena defisiensi besi. Adapun prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di dunia yaitu diperkirakan Afrika sebesar 57,1%, Asia 48,2% , Eropa 25,1% dan Amerika 24,1% (WHO 2015).
Holographic focusing and surface
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: January 2021

Holographic focusing and surface
ISR Phenikaa Uni vươn lên #3 bảng RePEc 2020
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh
Published: January 2021

ISR Phenikaa Uni vươn lên #3 bảng RePEc 2020
SEMANGAT KEBANGSAAN DALAM KITAB AL-NAGHAM KARYA KH. AHYAUDDIN IBN KH. ANWAR IBN HAJI KUMPUL SERIBANDUNG, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Yani Zulkarnain
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil penelitian salah satu karya ulama Sumatera Selatan yang ada di Desa Seribandung. Ulama tersebut bernama KH. Ahyauddin Ibn KH. Anwar Ibn Haji Kumpul Seribandung dengan kitabnya berjudul al-Nagham. Kitab al-Nagham ini disusun menggunakan aksara Arab berbahasa Arab dan Melayu dalam bentuk kitab cetakan. Yang menarik dari kitab ini untuk dikaji adalah karena kandungan isi kitab tersebut menggelorakan semangat kebangsaan melalui syair-syair lagu yang disusun langsung oleh KH. Ahyauddin. Melalui kitab ini, KH. Ahyauddin mengobarkan semangat kebangsaan kepada para santrinya. Semangat kebangsaan yang disampaikan olehnya dalam kitab ini antara lain cinta tanah air (hubb al-wathan), patriotisme, persatuan dan kesatuan. Kitab ini diajarkan di pondok pesantren sejak pertengahan tahun 1963 hingga tahun 2009.
CODE MIXING AND CODE SWITCHING IN THE EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Authors: Asrifan Andi , L Syahrir
Published: January 2021

This research aims at finding out code mixing and code switching in the classroom interaction in terms of the teacher talk and the student talk at SMP Negeri 2 Parepare. In detail, this research aims to identify (1) the teacher talk particularly the type token ratio, the mean length of utterance as formal features, question, feedback and correction as interactional features, (2) the students talk particularly response to question and ask question as well as the students’ preference towards the use of code mixing and code switching the students in learning achievement. The research employed mix method research design. The subjects consisted of the teacher and the students. There is 1 teacher and 81 students which are divided into three classes. Each class consists of 27 students. The research data were collected by non-participant observation which was analyzed by using formal features, interactional features, descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS 21.0. The research result indicated that (1) the type token ratio in code mixing and code switching Indonesian/English in classroom interaction varied. It reveals that the vocabulary used by the teacher varied, (2) the speech of the teacher when addressing the students in the classroom by mixing and switching the language contained longer utterance, (3) the teacher used convergent and divergent questions in mix and switch the language when addressing students in the classroom interaction, (4) the teacher provided interactional corrective feedback and correction in mixing and switching the language when addressing students in the classroom interaction, (5) there are three reasons why the teacher mix and switch the code in the classroom interaction namely to give clear explanation to the students, to make the students easy to understand, and make the teacher and the students close to each other, (6) There are two types of students in response to the question namely the role of students to the teacher (S-T) and the role of students to students (S-S) in code mixing and code switching in the classroom interaction, (7) there are two types of the students question in code mixing and switching of Indonesian/English when asking the teacher namely procedural questions and convergent questions, (8) the students’ preference towards the use of code mixing and code switching in the students learning achievement consist of two main points in this research namely, first the use of code mixing and switching convince positive attitude and second positive role to the students preference towards the use of code mixing and switching the students in learning achievement.
Sample Size Justification
Authors: Lakens Daniel
Published: January 2021

An important step when designing an empirical study is to justify the sample size that will be collected. The key aim of a sample size justification for such studies is to explain how the collected data is expected to provide valuable information given the inferential goals of the researcher. In this overview article six approaches are discussed to justify the sample size in a quantitative empirical study: 1) collecting data from (almost) the entire population, 2) choosing a sample size based on resource constraints, 3) performing an a-priori power analysis, 4) planning for a desired accuracy, 5) using heuristics, or 6) explicitly acknowledging the absence of a justification. An important question to consider when justifying sample sizes is which effect sizes are deemed interesting, and the extent to which the data that is collected informs inferences about these effect sizes. Depending on the sample size justification chosen, researchers could consider 1) what the smallest effect size of interest is, 2) which minimal effect size will be statistically significant, 3) which effect sizes they expect (and what they base these expectations on), 4) which effect sizes would be rejected based on a confidence interval around the effect size, 5) which ranges of effects a study has sufficient power to detect based on a sensitivity power analysis, and 6) which effect sizes are expected in a specific research area. Researchers can use the guidelines presented in this article, for example by using the interactive form in the accompanying online Shiny app, to improve their sample size justification, and hopefully, align the informational value of a study with their inferential goals.
Insensitive Players? A Relationship between Violent Video Game Exposure and Recognition of Negative Emotions
Authors: Miedzobrodzka Ewa , Buczny Jacek , Konijn Elly , Krabbendam Lydia
Published: January 2021

An ability to accurately recognize negative emotions in others can initiate pro-social behavior and prevent anti-social actions. Thus, it remains of an interest of scholars studying effects of violent video games. While exposure to such games was linked to slower emotion recognition, the evidence regarding accuracy of emotion recognition among players of violent games is weak and inconsistent. The present research investigated the relationship between violent video game exposure (VVGE) and accuracy of negative emotion recognition. We assessed the level of self-reported VVGE in hours per day and the accuracy of the recognition using the Facial Expressions Matching Test. The results, with adolescents (Study 1; N = 67) and with adults (Study 2; N = 151), showed that VVGE was negatively related to accurate recognition of negative emotion expressions, even if controlled for age, gender, and trait empathy, but no causal direction could be assessed. In line with the violent media desensitization model, our findings suggest that higher self-reported VVGE relates to lower recognition of negative emotional expressions of other people. On the one hand, such lower recognition of negative emotions may underlie inaccurate reactions in real-life social situations. On the other hand, lower sensitivity to social cues may help players to better focus on their performance in a violent game.
Open Science: Recommendations for research on school bullying
Authors: Noret Nathalie , Hunter Simon C. , Milheiro Pimenta Sofia , Taylor Rachel , Johnson Rebecca
Published: January 2021

The open science movement has developed out of growing concerns over the scientific standard of published academic research and a perception that science is in crisis (the "replication crisis"). Bullying research sits within this scientific family and without taking a full part in discussions risks falling behind. Open science practices can inform and support a range of research goals while increasing the transparency and trustworthiness of the research process. In this paper, we aim to explain the relevance of open science for bullying research and discuss some of the questionable research practices which challenge the replicability and integrity of research. We also consider how open science practices can be of benefit to research on school bullying. In doing so, we discuss how open science practices, such as pre-registration, can be of benefit to a range of methodologies including quantitative and qualitative research and studies employing a participatory research methods approach. To support researchers in adopting more open practices, we also highlight a range of relevant resources and set out a series of recommendations to the bullying research community.
EN BUSCA DE LA GRAN TRANSICIÓN
Authors: Herrera Osvaldo Nestor
Published: January 2021

De acuerdo a Lévi-Strauss, todas las sociedades de cazadores-recolectores conocidas históricamente conformaron redes de relaciones de parentesco y normas para la aceptación de los matrimonios alrededor de la prohibición del incesto, que limita el número de uniones matrimoniales posibles favoreciendo un sistema más extenso de vínculos. Reviso un estudio etnográfico, realizado por la familia Marshall con cazadores-recolectores !Kung, para reconocer los vínculos que se establecen entre relaciones de parentesco y supervivencia. Partiendo de la hipótesis inicial que las relaciones de parentesco surgieron en una población ancestral a las poblaciones actuales de cazadores-recolectores, reviso resultados recientes de estudios genéticos, paleoantropológicos y cronológicos, que puedan informarnos acerca del surgimiento de estos nuevos modos de vida. La hipótesis final es que las relaciones de parentesco y de normas para la conformación de matrimonios, con redes de relaciones dereciprocidad extensas que favorecen la supervivencia, ya existían en poblaciones humanas alrededor de 200 ka atrás en África.
Automatic Identification of Spelling Variation in Historical Texts
Authors: Robertson Alexander
Published: January 2021

Languages in earlier stages of development differ from their modern analogues, reflecting syntactic, semantic and morphological changes over time. The study of these and other phenomena is the major concern of historical linguistics. The development of literacy and advances in technology mean that human language has often been reserved in physical form. Whilst these artefacts will eventually include video and sound recordings, the current life blood of historical linguistics is text. The written word is the de facto source of evidence for earlier stages of languages and “the first-order witnesses to the more distance linguistic past are written texts.” (Lass, 1997) This dissertation proposes and evaluates a method for identifying spelling variants in historical documents.
Information and Communicative Competence Development in Prospective Teachers
Authors: Cecilia Fetnani
Published: January 2021

The article discusses role of teaching by taking into account modern features in the teaching profession, in the process of improving the prospective teachers’ professional competence, and the learning process organization. Effectiveness of the competence formation in prospective teachers determined by the qualitative criteria, the relevance of which relates to the educational process content and pedagogical conditions. Implementation of pedagogical activities following the principles and competent approaches to person-centered learning, new teaching methods used in pedagogical practice, plans of proposed methods for basic competencies formation in teachers, analysis effectiveness of decision making in certain pedagogical situations were discussed. Socialimplications in this study are resulted in society development changes, mainly the problem of globalization, the growth of the strategic direction of the market economy, changes in international relations and modern requirements for the teaching profession, ability to organize humanization processes, the ability to strengthen international relations, interpersonal and intercultural ties, etc., in-depth training, taking into account the above-mentioned modern requirements in the formation of the ICT competence in prospective teachers. The practical meanings associated with the learning process organized in a systematic way, where students will be able to create new ideas, further develop mentally and gain professional knowledge through a variety of activities, and gain experience in using the obtained skills in the right situations.
Effects of different rates of nitrogen and pinching on yield and yield attributes of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Authors: Pandey Madan , Subedi Shashi , Khanal Prakash , Chaudhary Prabin , Adhikari Anil , Sharma Tej Prasad , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2021

Proper pinching practice and the optimum rate of nitrogen (N) enhance the production of marigold. An experiment was conducted at a farmer’s field in Gadawa-4, Gangaparaspur, Dang, Nepal from July 2018 to November 2018 to investigate the effects of different rates of nitrogen and pinching on yield and yield attributes of African marigold (cv. Kolkata Local). Two factorial experiment was laid in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There were eight treatments, consist of four rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and two levels of pinching (pinching and non-pinching). The maximum plant height (89.70 cm), the diameter of flower (4.29 cm) and the fresh weight per flower (4.32 g) and early days to 50% flowering (61.58) were obtained at non- pinching. The highest number of flowers (60.66), yield per plant (237.49 g) and yield per hectare (9.89 t/ha) were obtained with pinching. The highest plant height (92.20 cm) was recorded at 150 kg/ha of N but the highest yield per plant (238.18 g) and yield per ha (9.91 t/ha) was obtained at 50 kg/ha of nitrogen application. No significant effect was noted on the days to 50% flowering, number of flowers per plant, fresh weight per flower and diameter of flowers by different rates of nitrogen. The interaction of pinching and different rates of nitrogen showed non- significant effect on yield per plant and yield per ha. But, the combination of pinching and nitrogen rates at 50 kg/ha recorded the maximum yield per plant (249.20 g) and yield per ha (10.36 t/ha). Hence it is suggested to use pinching practice with optimum application of nitrogen @ 50 kg/ha to obtain high yield of marigold.