bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defeating State-of-the-Art White-Box Countermeasures with Advanced Gray-Box Attacks
Authors: Goubin Louis , Rivain Matthieu , Wang Junwei
Published: November 2020

The goal of white-box cryptography is to protect secret keys embedded in a cryptographic software deployed in an untrusted environment. In this article, we revisit state-of-the-art countermeasures employed in white-box cryptography, and we discuss possible ways to combine them. Then we analyze the different gray-box attack paths and study their performances in terms of required traces and computation time. Afterward, we propose a new paradigm for the gray-box attack against white-box cryptography, which exploits the data-dependency of the target implementation. We demonstrate that our approach provides substantial complexity improvements over the existing attacks. Finally, we showcase this new technique by breaking the three winning AES-128 white-box implementations from WhibOx 2019 white-box cryptography competition.
Protecting against Statistical Ineffective Fault Attacks
Authors: Daemen Joan , Dobraunig Christoph , Eichlseder Maria , Gross Hannes , Mendel Florian , Primas Robert
Published: November 2020

Statistical Ineffective Fault Attacks (SIFA) pose a threat for many practical implementations of symmetric primitives. Countermeasures against both power analysis and fault attacks typically do not prevent straightforward SIFA attacks, which require only very limited knowledge about the concrete implementation. Therefore, the exploration of countermeasures against SIFA that do not rely on protocols or physical protection mechanisms is of great interest. In this paper, we describe different countermeasure strategies against SIFA. First, we introduce an abstraction layer between the algorithmic specification of a cipher and its implementation in hardware or software to study and describe resistance against SIFA. We then show that by basing the masked implementation on permutations as building blocks, we can build circuits that withstand single-fault SIFA and DPA attacks. We show how this approach can be applied to 3-bit, 4-bit, and 5-bit S-boxes and the AES S-box. Additionally, we present a strategy based on fine-grained fault detection suitable for protecting any circuit against SIFA attacks. Although this approach may lead to a higher implementation cost due to the fine-grained detection needed, it can be used to protect arbitrary circuits and can be generalized to cover multi-fault SIFA. For single-fault SIFA protection, our countermeasures only have a small computational overhead compared to a simple combination of masking and duplication.
High-speed Instruction-set Coprocessor for Lattice-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism: Saber in Hardware
Authors: Sinha Roy Sujoy , Basso Andrea
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present an instruction set coprocessor architecture for lattice-based cryptography and implement the module lattice-based post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) Saber as a case study. To achieve fast computation time, the architecture is fully implemented in hardware, including CCA transformations. Since polynomial multiplication plays a performance-critical role in the module and ideal lattice-based public-key cryptography, a parallel polynomial multiplier architecture is proposed that overcomes memory access bottlenecks and results in a highly parallel yet simple and easy-to-scale design. Such multipliers can compute a full multiplication in 256 cycles, but are designed to target any area/performance trade-offs. Besides optimizing polynomial multiplication, we make important design decisions and perform architectural optimizations to reduce the overall cycle counts as well as improve resource utilization. For the module dimension 3 (security comparable to AES-192), the coprocessor computes CCA key generation, encapsulation, and decapsulation in only 5,453, 6,618 and 8,034 cycles respectively, making it the fastest hardware implementation of Saber to our knowledge. On a Xilinx UltraScale+ XCZU9EG-2FFVB1156 FPGA, the entire instruction set coprocessor architecture runs at 250 MHz clock frequency and consumes 23,686 LUTs, 9,805 FFs, and 2 BRAM tiles (including 5,113 LUTs and 3,068 FFs for the Keccak core).
Direct construction of quasi-involutory recursive-like MDS matrices from 2-cyclic codes
Authors: Cauchois Victor , Loidreau Pierre , Merkiche Nabil
Published: November 2020

A good linear diffusion layer is a prerequisite in the design of block ciphers. Usually it is obtained by combining matrices with optimal diffusion property over the Sbox alphabet. These matrices are constructed either directly using some algebraic properties or by enumerating a search space, testing the optimal diffusion property for every element. For implementation purposes, two types of structures are considered: Structures where all the rows derive from the first row and recursive structures built from powers of companion matrices. In this paper, we propose a direct construction for new recursive-like MDS matrices. We show they are quasi-involutory in the sense that the matrix-vector product with the matrix or with its inverse can be implemented by clocking a same LFSR-like architecture. As a direct construction, performances do not outperform the best constructions found with exhaustive search. However, as a new type of construction, it offers alternatives for MDS matrices design.
Tweakable Blockciphers for Efficient Authenticated Encryptions with Beyond the Birthday-Bound Security
Authors: Naito Yusuke
Published: November 2020

Modular design via a tweakable blockcipher (TBC) offers efficient authenticated encryption (AE) schemes (with associated data) that call a blockcipher once for each data block (of associated data or a plaintext). However, the existing efficient blockcipher-based TBCs are secure up to the birthday bound, where the underlying keyed blockcipher is a secure strong pseudorandom permutation. Existing blockcipher-based AE schemes with beyond-birthday-bound (BBB) security are not efficient, that is, a blockcipher is called twice or more for each data block. In this paper, we present a TBC, XKX, that offers efficient blockcipher-based AE schemes with BBB security, by combining with efficient TBC-based AE schemes such as ΘCB3 and
ShiftRows Alternatives for AES-like Ciphers and Optimal Cell Permutations for Midori and Skinny
Authors: Alfarano Gianira N. , Beierle Christof , Isobe Takanori , Kölbl Stefan , Leander Gregor
Published: November 2020

We study possible alternatives for ShiftRows to be used as cell permutations in AES-like ciphers. As observed during the design process of the block cipher Midori, when using a matrix with a non-optimal branch number for the MixColumns operation, the choice of the cell permutation, i.e., an alternative for ShiftRows, can actually improve the security of the primitive. In contrast, when using an MDS matrix it is known that one cannot increase the minimum number of active S-boxes by deviating from the ShiftRows-type permutation. However, finding the optimal choice for the cell permutation for a given, non-optimal, MixColumns operation is a highly non-trivial problem. In this work, we propose techniques to speed up the search for the optimal cell permutations significantly. As case studies, we apply those techniques to Midori and Skinny and provide possible alternatives for their cell permutations. We finally state an easy-to-verify sufficient condition on a cell permutation, to be used as an alternative in Midori, that attains a high number of active S-boxes and thus provides good resistance against differential and linear attacks.
Sound Hashing Modes of Arbitrary Functions, Permutations, and Block Ciphers
Authors: Daemen Joan , Mennink Bart , Van Assche Gilles
Published: November 2020

Cryptographic hashing modes come in many flavors, including Merkle-Damgård with various types of strengthening, Merkle trees, and sponge functions. As underlying primitives, these functions use arbitrary functions, permutations, or block ciphers. In this work we provide three simple proofs, one per primitive type, that cover all modes where the input to the primitive consists of message bits, chaining value bits, and bits that only depend on the mode and message length. Our approach generalizes and simplifies over earlier attempts of Dodis et al. (FSE 2009) and Bertoni et al. (Int. J. Inf. Sec. 2014). We prove tight indifferentiability bounds for modes using each of these three primitive types provided that the mode satisfies some easy to verify conditions.
Constructing Low-latency Involutory MDS Matrices with Lightweight Circuits
Authors: Li Shun , Sun Siwei , Li Chaoyun , Wei Zihao , Hu Lei
Published: November 2020

MDS matrices are important building blocks providing diffusion functionality for the design of many symmetric-key primitives. In recent years, continuous efforts are made on the construction of MDS matrices with small area footprints in the context of lightweight cryptography. Just recently, Duval and Leurent (ToSC 2018/FSE 2019) reported some 32 × 32 binary MDS matrices with branch number 5, which can be implemented with only 67 XOR gates, whereas the previously known lightest ones of the same size cost 72 XOR gates.In this article, we focus on the construction of lightweight involutory MDS matrices, which are even more desirable than ordinary MDS matrices, since the same circuit can be reused when the inverse is required. In particular, we identify some involutory MDS matrices which can be realized with only 78 XOR gates with depth 4, whereas the previously known lightest involutory MDS matrices cost 84 XOR gates with the same depth. Notably, the involutory MDS matrix we find is much smaller than the AES MixColumns operation, which requires 97 XOR gates with depth 8 when implemented as a block of combinatorial logic that can be computed in one clock cycle. However, with respect to latency, the AES MixColumns operation is superior to our 78-XOR involutory matrices, since the AES MixColumns can be implemented with depth 3 by using more XOR gates.We prove that the depth of a 32 × 32 MDS matrix with branch number 5 (e.g., the AES MixColumns operation) is at least 3. Then, we enhance Boyar’s SLP-heuristic algorithm with circuit depth awareness, such that the depth of its output circuit is limited. Along the way, we give a formula for computing the minimum achievable depth of a circuit implementing the summation of a set of signals with given depths, which is of independent interest. We apply the new SLP heuristic to a large set of lightweight involutory MDS matrices, and we identify a depth 3 involutory MDS matrix whose implementation costs 88 XOR gates, which is superior to the AES MixColumns operation with respect to both lightweightness and latency, and enjoys the extra involution property.
Deck-Based Wide Block Cipher Modes and an Exposition of the Blinded Keyed Hashing Model
Authors: Gunsing Aldo , Daemen Joan , Mennink Bart
Published: November 2020

We present two tweakable wide block cipher modes from doubly-extendable cryptographic keyed (deck) functions and a keyed hash function: double-decker and docked-double-decker. Double-decker is a direct generalization of Farfalle-WBC of Bertoni et al. (ToSC 2017(4)), and is a four-round Feistel network on two arbitrarily large branches, where the middle two rounds call deck functions and the first and last rounds call the keyed hash function. Docked-double-decker is a variant of double-decker where the bulk of the input to the deck functions is moved to the keyed hash functions. We prove that the distinguishing advantage of the resulting wide block ciphers is simply two times the sum of the pseudorandom function distinguishing advantage of the deck function and the blinded keyed hashing distinguishing advantage of the keyed hash functions. We demonstrate that blinded keyed hashing is more general than the conventional notion of XOR-universality, and that it allows us to instantiate our constructions with keyed hash functions that have a very strong claim on bkh security but not necessarily on XOR-universality, such as Xoofffie (ePrint 2018/767). The bounds of double-decker and docked-double-decker are moreover reduced tweak-dependent, informally meaning that collisions on the keyed hash function for different tweaks only have a limited impact. We describe two use cases that can exploit this property opportunistically to get stronger security than what would be achieved with prior solutions: SSD encryption, where each sector can only be written to a limited number of times, and incremental tweaks, where one includes the state of the system in the variable-length tweak and appends new data incrementally.
Weak Keys in the Rekeying Paradigm: Application to COMET and mixFeed
Authors: Khairallah Mustafa
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study a group of AEAD schemes that use rekeying as a technique to increase efficiency by reducing the state size of the algorithm. We provide a unified model to study the behavior of the keys used in these schemes, called Rekey-and-Chain (RaC). This model helps understand the design of several AEAD schemes. We show generic attacks on these schemes based on the existence of certain types of weak keys. We also show that the borderline between multi-key and single-key analyses of these schemes is not solid and the analysis can be performed independent of the master key, leading sometimes to practical attacks in the multi-key setting. More importantly, the multi-key analysis can be applied in the single key setting, since each message is encrypted with a different key. Consequently, we show gaps in the security analysis of COMET and mixFeed in the single key setting, which led the designers to provide overly optimistic security claims. In the case of COMET, full key recovery can be performed with 264 online queries and 264 offline queries in the single-key setting, or 246 online queries per user and 264 offline queries in the multi-key setting with ∼ 0.5 million users. In the case of mixFeed, we enhance the forgery adversarial advantage in the single-key setting with a factor of 267 compared to what the designers claim. More importantly, our result is just a lower bound of this advantage, since we show that the gap in the analysis of mixFeed depends on properties of the AES Key Schedule that are not well understood and require more cryptanalytic efforts to find a more tight advantage. After reporting these findings, the designers updated their security analyses and accommodated the proposed attacks.
Extraction of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol from the leaves of Acanthus montanus and their contractile activity on uterine muscles of non-pregnant female albino rats
Authors: Jonathan E. M. , Okieimen F. E.
Published: November 2020

Acanthus montanus is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It is a plant with several phytoconstituents which accounts for its tradopharmacological uses such as treatment of pain, female infertility and spontaneous abortion with dosage schedule depending on the ailment. The present study was aimed at identifying and characterizing some of the active principles from leaves of the plant. Keywords: Acanthus montanus; Stigmasterol; β-sitosterol; contractile activity; uterine contraction; non-pregnant rat.
El tratamiento de las manifestaciones de violencia en los alumnos de 11no grado del “IPU Julio A. Mella” de Cienfuegos
Authors: Armada Yaneysi Rodríguez , Morales Leidy del Río
Published: November 2020

La contribución a la formación de la personalidad de un ser humano es una tarea sumamente compleja, en ella intervienen todos los factores, en especial la relación familia- escuela- comunidad. Son muchas y diversas las necesidades sociales de los adolescentes que tienen su origen en deficiencias familiares, las consecuencias de estos hechos además de los posibles efectos negativos en su personalidad acaban también teniendo consecuencias socialmente indeseables. Una problemática presente en estos tiempos es la violencia, fenómeno social que ha proliferado en el mundo y se puede apreciar desde las guerras y ataques suicidas hasta la violencia doméstica, racial, hacia la mujer y los niños, la violencia escolar entre otros tipos de violencia. Cuba, como parte del mundo, no ha podido escapar a estos efectos y las manifestaciones de violencia con más incidencias son las domésticas, estas afectan a la familia y repercuten sobre todo en los adolescentes, quienes representan el grupo humano en el que con más frecuencia se observan esas manifestaciones, pues están inmersos en un período crítico de la vida en el que ocurren importantes cambios fisiológicos y psicológicos. En el trabajo que se presenta se proponen actividades con la aplicación de técnicas participativas que ofrece a padres y alumnos la posibilidad de compartir el mismo tiempo y espacio para informarse y debatir sobre temas de interés, en este caso la violencia familiar, que es un asunto que afecta a todos los implicados en esta investigación.
Síndrome de Burnout y su impacto en los trabajadores de las pymes del sector alimenticio de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Isabel Mishelle Román Tinoco , Karina Muñoz Loor
Published: November 2020

El Síndrome de Burnout (SB) es el resultado del desgaste emocional, falta de realización personal y despersonalización de los empleados de empresas públicas y privadas, comprometiendo la productividad, eficiencia y competitividad comercial institucional, así como su crecimiento. Este estudio, de tipo cuantitativo de corte transversal y análisis descriptivo, utilizó 361 trabajadores de las pymes del sector alimenticio en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Como instrumento se empleó una encuesta auto-administrada, compuesta por diez preguntas cerradas con una escala de Likert de 5-puntos, basado en el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory. Como resultado, se evidenció que los empleados de las empresas, no reciben charlas motivacionales que les permitan potencializar la eficacia y eficiencia de su desempeño laboral. Se desarrolló un análisis actual sobre las pymes de este sector, verificando como su capacidad de crecimiento ha sido lenta, y esto se debe en gran parte a la falta de dedicación de los empleados. Finalmente, en la propuesta se desarrolló un programa de incentivos laborales que sirven para poder minimizar los efectos del SB.
La Gestión del Conocimiento de las Redes Sociales y su incidencia en la competitividad de microempresas en Ecuador
Authors: Salazar Loor Sara Abigaíl , Mosquera Rodríguez Xavier Antonio
Published: November 2020

En la actualidad, las redes sociales se han convertido en el respaldo ideal para promocionar las ideas de negocio de las microempresas, sin embargo, la gran mayoría de estas aún siguen presentando bajos niveles de competitividad a causa del desconocimiento en la gestión organizacional, estratégica y potencial de las redes sociales para el desarrollo de estrategias competitivas. Es por ello que esta investigación plantea que la falta de gestión del conocimiento de las redes sociales incide en la competitividad de las microempresas, para lo cual se consideró el estudio de las variables Gestión del Conocimiento y Competitividad mediante el análisis de modelos teóricos e identificación de factores críticos de la Gestión del Conocimiento de las Redes Sociales y como estos inciden en los niveles de competitividad de las microempresas en Ecuador. Con la finalidad de que los microempresarios consideren establecer dichos factores como herramientas clave para la identificación de comportamientos de los clientes, participación en el mercado y tendencias en cuanto a productos y servicios; que al ser manipulados y procesados se convierten en valiosa información que se traduce en ideas, relaciones o reglas, cuyo análisis genera conocimiento en forma de estrategias que al ser implementadas permiten que las microempresas sean competitivas.
LA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA UTILIZANDO RECURSOS ELECTRÓNICOS EN EL DESARROLLO DE PROYECTOS
Authors: Mera Macías Cristian , Barreiro Vera Aurora , Bermúdez Cevallos Rocío , Cedeño Zambrano Beatriz , Vera Vélez Daniela
Published: November 2020

La revisión sistemática de la literatura es un aspecto fundamental para conocer de manera clara una determinada temática; sin embargo, muchos estudiantes universitarios no utilizan un proceso sistemático y organizado para desarrollar sus revisiones, muchas veces porque no los conocen y otras veces porque los procesos existentes son muy complejos.  En este trabajo de investigación se plantea un marco de trabajo para desarrollar una revisión sistemática de literatura utilizando recursos electrónicos en el desarrollo de proyectos, esta propuesta tiene cuatro fases, la primera es la planificación de la revisión, la segunda es la realización de la revisión, la tercera es la generación de estadísticas y la última fase es el análisis de resultados y la contestación a las preguntas de investigación, esta propuesta fue impartida a un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí Extensión Chone, concluyendo que su aplicación ha permitido mejorar la estructuración de las revisiones de la literatura que realizan dichos estudiantes para la construcción de proyectos en diversas asignaturas
Heterotrophic calcification of medial collateral ligament of knee joint: a case report
Authors: Ijaz Amin  , Wajida Perveen  , Misbah Amanat Ali  , Umer Ilyas
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Soft-tissue calcification is characterised by the deposit of calcium in the damaged collagen fibres. The pathology of the phenomenon is not fully known. Trauma, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury have been reported as possible risk factors. Hypertrophic calcification of medial collateral ligament can be post-traumatic with unexplained aetiology. It can restrict the normal range of joint motion, affecting performance of activities of daily living, resulting in disturbance of quality of life. It may be managed conservatively, but if unsuccessful, surgical removal of the calcification may be carried out. Here, we present a case of post-traumatic heterotrophic calcification of medial collateral ligament of knee joint and review of current literature.

Keywords: Heterotrophic calcification, Lower extremity functional scale, medial collateral ligament, Continuous...
Evaluation of c-reactive protein in breast cancer by enzyme linked immunoassay technique
Authors: Ambreen Usmani  , Mehreen Lateef
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective: To explore the serum levels of C-reactive protein in breast cancer patients, and to investigate the relationship between  inflammation and progression of breast cancer.

Methods: The  case-control study  was conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, from September 2015 to December 2018, and comprised breast cancer patients in group A and and an equal number of age-matched healthy women in control group B. C-reactive protein levels were evaluated in serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both the groups and micro ribonucleic acid levels in serum were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.

Results: Of the 170 subjects, 85(50%) were in each of the two groups. C-reactive protein and micro ribonucleic acid expression were significantly different in group A (p<0.001). There was no correlation (r = 0.162, p>0.01) between the tumour  markers in  group B (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Significantly raised C-reactive protein levels showed there was a link between inflammation and breast cancer.

Key Words: Breast cancer, C-reactive protein, MicroRNA 16. Continuous....
Notch Signaling & Micro RNAs - two tumblers of neurogenesis and Gliomas
Authors: Zeeshan Javed  , Qamar Raza  , Faiez Ahmad Shah  , Haleema Sadia  , Ayesha Alam  , Faiza Anum  , Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem  , Shahid Raza
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Gliomas are one of the most annihilating types of brain tumors having a high rate of annual incidence worldwide. Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved pathway that regulates differentiation and development. Aberrations in Notch signalling pathways lead to severe pathological state such as the Gliomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the tiny molecules less than 200 bps in length and regulate a myriad of cellular processes. Categorically, miRNAs are divided in to oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Accumulating data have identified miRNAs, which positively or negatively regulate Notch signaling in Gliomas. Here, we have assessed status of our understanding of the interplay between miRNA-base regulation of Notch signaling in gliomas, interaction between Notch signaling and other signaling cascades and have also discussed use of natural compounds that will help us get closer to personalized medicine for gliomas.

Keywords: Notch signaling; MicroRNA; Therapeutic Targets; Continuous...
Molecular events in the clinicopathological diagnosis of alveolar osteitis
Authors: Talaya Zahid  , Sarah Ghafoor
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is an extremely distressing outcome following extraction of tooth. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood due to varied nature of presentation of the condition. However, a delay in the healing process of bone due to fibrinolysis is believed to be the underlying pathophysiology. This review highlights three major risk factors – trauma, bacterial accumulation due to poor oral hygiene, and smoking – in causing alveolar osteitis, and describes underlying related molecular events. Fibrinolysis results due to traumatic tooth extraction as well as due to accumulation of certain microorganisms which leads to the development of alveolar osteitis. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) and osteocalcin (OCN) can be used as molecular markers for evaluating alveolar osteitis. Assessment assays of such biomarkers can lead to a better understanding of the pathological process in providing a clearer picture to researchers and clinicians.

Continuous...
Estimates and demographic correlates of hoarding disorder in non-clinical sample in Pakistan
Authors: Ayesha Inam  , Zubaa Akhtar  , Aisha Kashif  , Hamna Nadeem
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective: To establish sample estimates of hoarding behaviour with demographic correlates in a non-clinical sample.

Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to April, 2018, and comprised data collected from Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Rawalpindi after approval from the COMSATS University, Islamabad. Data was collected using a self-developed demographic sheet, along with the hoarding rating scale. Data was analysed using SPSS, Version 20.

Results: Of the 375 subjects, 118(31.5%) were males and 257(68.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 42.25+/-13.007 years. Mean hoarding rating scale score was 8.34+/-6.69, with 76(20.3%) subjects falling in the clinical range of hoarding tendencies. There was a significant difference in the scores for Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood and Late Adulthood (p<0.001). Gender comparison revealed significant difference (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation between hoarding and age was found (p<0.01) whereas a negative correlation was found between hoarding and monthly household income (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Hoarding tendencies were found to be in the clinical range for one-fifth of the sample.

Key Words: Hoarding disorder, Estimates, Demographics, Continuou...
A Ética da crença: uma defesa moderada da posição indiciária
Authors: Carvalho Eros Moreira de
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, articulo e critico os dois principais argumentos apresentados por Clifford em favor da norma de que é ilegítimo crer com base em evidência insuficiente. O primeiro argumento apela para o valor instrumental da crença, e o segundo apela para o nosso interesse intrínseco na verdade. Ambos os argumentos trazem à tona a relevância de fatores morais e sociais para a determinação de normas da crença. Eu sustento que o primeiro argumento é insuficiente para estabelecer a norma de Clifford em geral. Crenças que não são meios para ações ficam de fora do escopo do primeiro argumento. O segundo argumento tem um alcance mais abrangente. Contudo, ele pode ser bloqueado se o agente segue uma norma intelectualista que visa insular as crenças injustificadas do restante da sua vida cognitiva e ativa. É uma questão empírica se agentes humanos são capazes de seguir essa norma. Defendo uma reformulação da norma de Clifford, incluindo alguns parâmetros que influenciam a suficiência dos indícios. Por fim, fatores morais ou prudenciais podem afetar a legitimidade da crença. É legítimo crer sem indícios suficientes apenas em casos especiais, quando o agente insula a crença injustificada, ou quando o bem que advém da crença sobrepuja os malefícios da credulidade.
Genealogia epistêmica e normas de credibilidade
Authors: Guimarães Santos Breno Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Neste ensaio, eu apresento duas maneiras de conceber uma explicação genealógica do conceito de conhecimento. A primeira delas através da hipótese do estado epistêmico de natureza elaborada por Edward Craig, na qual conhecimento é compreendido como um conceito evoluído a partir do conceito de bom informante. Depois de considerar o projeto de Craig, eu traço um paralelo entre essa abordagem e a explicação valorativa de Miranda Fricker sobre o mesmo conceito. Em seguida, eu apresento e discuto o desenvolvimento social que Fricker oferece à genealogia de Craig, onde ela sugere que as noções de bom informante e de conhecimento são necessariamente dependentes do estabelecimento de uma norma de credibilidade, e que esta norma deve ser vista como inerentemente política. Por fim, defendo uma ilustração a partir do trabalho de Kristie Dotson de como ambas as abordagens genealógicas poderiam explicar e oferecer soluções para falhas na normatividade de nossos sistemas epistêmicos.
Entre o eu puro e o eu empírico: McDowell, Adorno e as linhas gerais para uma leitura materialista e realista da gênese da autoconsciência em Hegel
Authors: Lima Erick
Published: November 2020

Tendo em vista a forma como o pensamento de Hegel se relaciona às questões do realismo e do naturalismo, pretendo relembrar o caráter diretivo para ele do problema da mediação entre consciência pura e consciência empírica, já antecipando a envergadura intersubjetivista da discussão proposta por ele (1). Em seguida, vou lançar mão de reflexões críticas de Adorno sobre a dialética de Hegel para obter um sentido materialista da discussão em torno dessa mediação (2). Na terceira parte, pretendo reconstruir o argumento de McDowell para atribuir a Hegel certo compromisso com o empirismo mínimo e, a partir daí, com o realismo epistemológico (3). Na penúltima parte, apresento criticamente a interpretação oferecida por McDowell para a célebre dialética do senhor e do escravo (4). Finalmente, à guisa de conclusão, procuro recuperar a formulação de uma hipótese interpretativa da gênese da autoconsciência em Hegel a partir das contribuições de Adorno, McDowell e Pippin.
Arquitetura, organismo e sistema: observações sobre a filosofia e sua exposição em Schopenhauer.
Authors: Ramos Flamarion Caldeira
Published: November 2020

A relação entre os quatro livros de O mundo como Vontade e Representação, isto é, entre as quatro partes da filosofia de Schopenhauer (gnosiologia, metafísica, estética e ética), tem sido uma das questões mais controversas da pesquisa sobre seu pensamento. Saber se a ética é de fato mais importante que a estética, ou se a metafísica deve ser subordinada à teoria do conhecimento, são questões que têm ocupado frequentemente os intérpretes do filósofo. Há diversas interpretações rivais sobre o modo como a filosofia de Schopenhauer deve ser lida, se como um sistema arquitetônico e linear, ou orgânico e sem subordinação de uma parte à outra, por exemplo. As afirmações do próprio autor sobre o estatuto de sua filosofia nem sempre são suficientes para dirimir as controvérsias. No presente artigo, procurarei reconstruir algumas dessas leituras e propor uma interpretação própria para o que entendo ser o sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer.
Ética e poder político n’O Príncipe de Maquiavel: viés interpretativo acerca da legitimidade do poder principesco
Authors: Winter Lairton Moacir
Published: November 2020

Entre o grande público, Maquiavel costuma ser considerado mais pela suposta ruptura que teria operado entre ética e política, interpretação derivada de sua obra mais difundida, O Príncipe, daí os termos maquiavélico e maquiavelismo associados a seu nome, do que pelas suas contribuições ao pensamento político moderno, tais como o aspecto salutar do conflito para a vida política da cidade e a questão da legitimidade do poder político. Nesse sentido, o esforço dessa nossa análise consiste em demonstrar que, em primeiro lugar, a terminologia pejorativa decorrente da obra de Maquiavel, particularmente d’O Príncipe, é desprovida de fundamento. A razão disso está no fato de encontrarmos em Maquiavel não uma separação radical entre ética e política, mas a proposição do florentino de uma nova ética, uma ética política. Em segundo, como efeito da sua tese da verità effettuale dela cosa, trazida à luz no capítulo XV d’O Príncipe, as ações do príncipe, de acordo com Maquiavel, devem ser sempre avaliadas não em função das suas causas, mas dos resultados, dos efeitos políticos que engendram. E, finalmente, em terceiro lugar, adentrando os capítulos XVI a XIX d’O Príncipe, procuramos demonstrar e defender a tese, ainda que ela não apareça às claras na letra da referida obra maquiaveliana, de que a legitimidade do poder político do príncipe se alicerça única e exclusivamente no povo, e que dele dependem a estabilidade e a liberdade da cidade e a manutenção do próprio poder principesco.
A lógica do conteúdo no reino das sombras: o início e o princípio da Ciência da Lógica de Hegel
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme
Published: November 2020

Resumo

O trabalho examina a conexão existente entre a concepção hegeliana de “início” e “princípio” e a função que esses conceitos cumprem no interior da Ciência da Lógica de Hegel. Partindo da análise dos conceitos de “saber puro” e “ser simples” e de sua relação com as concepções de início e princípio, demostramos em que sentido a Ciência da Lógica deve ser compreendida como lógica objetiva. Nesse sentido, defendemos que a lógica de Hegel é essencialmente uma lógica do conteúdo [Gehalt] e de conteúdo [Inhalt].

Palavras-chave: Hegel – Ciência da Lógica – Início – Princípio

Abstract 

The work examines the connection between the Hegelian conception of ‘beginning’ and ‘principle’ and the function that these concepts fulfill within Hegel's Science of Logic. Starting from the analysis of the concepts of ‘pure knowledge’ and ‘being simple’ and its relationship with the conceptions of beginning and principle, we demonstrate in which sense the Science of Logic must be understood as objective logic. In this sense, we argue that Hegel's logic is essentially a logic of content [Gehalt] and of content [Inhalt].

Key words: Hegel - Science of Logic - Beginning - Principle
Schopenhauer: O termo alemão “Fessel” e os quatro pontos de vista presentes na obra “O Mundo como Vontade e Representação”
Authors: Ribeiro da Fonseca Eduardo
Published: November 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é esboçar uma compreensão dos quatro pontos de vista presentes como um sistema na obra “O mundo como vontade e representação”, de Arthur Schopenhauer, por intermédio de uma palavra que não é propriamente um conceito filosófico do autor, mas que é utilizada por ele em um contexto especialmente produtivo para a finalidade a que nos propomos aqui, que é justamente a de articular esses pontos de vista, a saber, os pontos de vista do conhecimento; da metafísica da natureza; da metafísica do belo e o quarto ponto de vista, que é considerado o mais importante pelo autor, o do significado moral do mundo, a sua Ética.
A nemzetiségi törvény megalkotása
Authors: Fazakas Zoltán József
Published: November 2020

One of the key elements of Hungarian public thinking is the question of nationalities and its historical aspects. For well-known historical facts, the questions and answers of national minorities still have constitutional significance. The examination of the Act XLIV of 1868 on the Equality of Nationalities, including its antecedents, has not only importance from the point of view of legal history, but it is also essential for the cultivation of the current constitutional law, and, consequently, also strongly contributes to the understanding of today’s legal institutions. The essay describes the process of drafting this legislation.
Diffraction imaging for basement fault-fracture prediction: Application to an oil field in Cuu Long basin
Authors: Quang Minh Ta , Danh Lam Nguyen , Hung Cuong Duong , Van Tuyen Pham , Thi Lua Mai , The Hoang Ha Pham
Published: November 2020

Improvement to the image of fractured granite basements is among the most sought-after goals for processing seismic data in Cuu Long basin, the most proliferous petroleum basin. Unlike a clear layering structure of the sediment, fuzzy images of the granite basement are often the source of confusion for interpreters to identify which structures are presented inside it. In such a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, extracting geological information such as fault systems and fracture becomes challenging. In this study, diffraction imaging is employed in an effort to identify and enhance the fault system inside the basement. The comparison of the study result with various standard post-stack attribute approaches shows the effectiveness of the diffraction imaging method.
A Model for Evaluating Specifications Quality of Projects of Consulting Services
Authors: Toma Hossam , Alharth Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The quality specifications are the first initiative for building a notable partnership between the owner and the contractor of the project to manage a successful project. Specifications’ writing is one of the greatest challenges, where specifications play an important role in obtaining quality deliverables of the project. Specifications of the Projects of Consulting Services (PCSs) are different from specifications of engineering projects due to the difference in the characteristics between the consulting projects and engineering projects. This paper represents a model developed for evaluating the quality of the specifications of the PCSs from the consultant point of view. Owing to the great influence of the specifications on preparing good technical and financial proposals for the projects, the relation between the evaluation degree of specifications and the risk values added to estimate the price of the contracts is also discussed. The model is tested using data of 20 consulting projects.
Cryopreservation of Protocorm-like Bodies of Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn., a Thai Orchid Species, by V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate Methods
Authors: IMSOMBOON Tagrid , THAMMASIRI Kanchit , KOSIYACHINDA Pahol , CHUENBOONNGARM Ngarmnij , PANVISAVAS Nathinee
Published: November 2020

Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn. were used to study two new cryopreservation methods, the V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate methods, for survival score and percentage of survival. PLBs were dehydrated with PVS2 solution (0, 20, 40, 60, and 120 min) and silica gel (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 h) for the V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate methods, respectively. The results showed that the V-cryo-plate method, dehydration with PVS2 solution for 20 min, was a suitable method. It gave a survival score of 0.31, higher than control (+LN; 0 min) and gave a percentage of survival of 33.33 %. For the D-cryo-plate method, the suitable method for cryopreserved PLBs of V. lilacina was dehydration with silica gel for 1 h. It gave the highest survival score of 0.78 and percentage of survival was up to 83.78 %. Then, an unpaired t-test was used to compare data of survival scores of cryopreserved V. lilacina PLBs between the V-cryo-plate and D-cryo-plate methods. The best suitable cryopreservation method of V. lilacina PLBs is the D-cryo-plate method using silica gel for 1 h in dehydration step.
Monitoring of Biochemical Compounds and Fatty Acid in Marine Microalgae from the East Coast of Thailand
Authors: MACHANA Kwanchayanawish , KANOKRUNG Amonrat , SRICHAN Sirinart , VONGSAK Boonyadist , KUTAKO Maliwan , SIAFHA Ekarin
Published: November 2020

Determinations of fatty acid profiles of five microalgae; Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., Melosira sp., Bellerochae sp., and Lithodesmium sp., from the east coast of Thailand were evaluated by conventional Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results exhibited that the fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production were the most frequent entities encountered in all microalgae profiles. The GC chromatogram of fatty acid profiles in microalgae showed that both Amphora sp. and Chaetoceros sp. comprised essential omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, this study assessed whether Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy could be used to evaluate and monitor the biochemical compositions of microalgae, including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein profiles, by using colorimetric methods. Results showed that FT-IR spectra combined with biochemical values of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein contents were used as predictive models generated by partial least square (PLS) regression. Cross-validation of the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate models showed high degrees of statistical accuracy with RMSECV values of approximately 0.5 - 3.22 %, and a coefficient of regression between the actual and predicted values of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 92.66, 95.73, and 96.43 %, respectively. The RPD values were all high (> 3), indicating good predictive accuracy. This study suggested that FT-IR could be a tool for the simultaneous measurement of microalgae composition of biochemical contents in microalgae cells.
Development of Manufacturing Efficiency using Industry Cluster and Invention Method Application: Case Study Machetes Production Group in Nakhon Phanom Province Thailand
Authors: PRAINETR Supachai , PRAINETR Natchanun , KANHAKHUN Sumitchai
Published: November 2020

Development small and medium enterprise (SME) of Thailand have been important for generating incomes and developing community-based business of Thai people. This paper proposes a development efficiency of machetes production in the Ban Na Thon community of Nakhon Phanom province. This strategy is apply by the industrial cluster method and development an innovation. The methodology consisted of 4 steps. The first study involved a study context of community, coordination with people, meetings and recording primary data with interviews and questionnaires. The research participants were people in the community in Nakhon Phanom University. The performance of the proposed development and design furnace can be controlled by proportional integral derivative (PID) at the temperatures ranging from 0 to 1,200 °C; the development the hardening tub can be controlled by the temperature of water in the hardening process, development of grinding machine. Results confirm that this development research has an efficiency more than conventional method.
At-Home Activities and Subjective Well-Being of Foreign College Students in Thailand during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak
Authors: RITH Monorom , PIANTANAKULCHAI Mongkut
Published: November 2020

Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT) is an international institute of Thammasat University (TU), located in Pathum Thani, Thailand. The courses are offered in English, and many foreign students are studying at SIIT-TU. The classes have been suspended since 16 March 2020 to slow down the COVID-19 disease spread, and the students are suggested to study online at home. The present study intends to understand the at-home activities and well-being of foreign students. A web-based survey was conducted from 22 through 23 March 2020 to record the activities and well-being of the students on 20 and 21 March 2020. Happiness and stress levels with the seven-points Likert scales were considered as the two output variables (1 = lowest and 7 = highest). The ordered probit model was applied to develop the subjective well-being models, taking into account at-home activities. The results highlighted that students who were happier were more likely to study for longer at home, but that studying for longer increases stress levels. Students who were less happy and more stressed were more likely to speak on the phone for longer, while doing exercise at home for longer increased the likelihood of happiness. This paper contributes to a better understanding of at-home activities associated with well-being of foreign students in Thailand during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Efeitos anti-idade dos óleos essenciais de lavanda, alecrim e melaleuca em fibroblastos dérmicos humanos
Authors: Henriques Ribeiro Machado Ana Carolina , Gonsales Spíndola Daniel , Rodrigues Leite Silva Vânia , Rocha Oliveira Carlos
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O envelhecimento cutâneo é um processo multifatorial que tem grande importância social. Ao longo dos anos, o poder de renovação e de combate aos radicais livres da pele diminui, acarretando numa barreira cutânea menos efetiva e com maiores danos a derme. A indústria cosmética tem desenvolvido diversos produtos para desacelerar o processo desse envelhecimento cutâneo, de forma mais efetiva e menos agressiva ao ser humano e ao meio ambiente, por meio do uso de ativos de origem vegetal. Dentre esses ativos, os óleos essenciais têm se destacado pela sua diversidade de bioativos. Objetivos: Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos óleos essenciais de lavanda, alecrim e melaleuca sobre a proliferação, expressão de metaloproteinases e a síntese de colágeno e de ácido hialurônico, além da atividade de colagenase em fibroblastos dérmicos humanos. Resultados: Os óleos essenciais de lavanda e de alecrim mostraram potencial efeito no combate as alterações cutâneas causadas no processo de envelhecimento, como promover o aumento significativo da síntese de ácido hialurônico (p<0,05) e, no caso do óleo essencial de lavanda, promover o aumento significativo de colágeno total (p<0,05). Além disso, os óleos essenciais de lavanda e alecrim, reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) a atividade da enzima colagenase. Por fim, os resultados demonstraram que os óleos essenciais de lavanda, alecrim reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) a secreção de MMP-1, MMP-2 e MMP-9. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos mostraram redução na expressão de MMPs, aumento na proliferação de fibroblastos e estímulo na síntese de colágeno e de ácido hialurônico. Sugerimos que os óleos essenciais de alecrim e lavanda possam ser em formulações cosméticas destinadas à prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo.
The efect of size on the relationship between control structure and voluntary disclosure in Brazilian companies
Authors: Machado Vagner Naysinger , Sonza Igor Bernardi
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the influence of size on the relationship between the control structure on the voluntary disclosure policy of the listed companies in B3. To achieve this goal, we created a dependent variable, called "voluntary disclosure level", which corresponds to 38 indicators of information collected manually from the companies' statements and websites. Afterwards, we estimated a balanced panel data regression model with a threshold effect for size in order to identify the relationship between the variables. The results indicated that smaller companies, with a more concentrated control structure, tended to present a higher level of voluntary disclosure. However, for larger companies, the greater the concentration of the control structure, the less evidence of this information. These inferences lead to believe that the largest Brazilian corporations, with more concentrated control, may not be interested in disclosing voluntary information because most of their shareholders enjoy private control benefits.