bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of primocane-fruiting raspberry varieties in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region
Authors: Kiseleva E N , Rachenko M A , Rachenko A M , Kamyshova L E
Published: September 2020

Heightened interest in primocane-fruiting raspberry in the region necessitated a detailed study of this berry crop. The article introduces the research carried out in 2019 on the 0.15 ha collection site of Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Irkutsk). The research objects were 9 varieties and 3 select forms of primocane-fruiting raspberry of the domestic breeding. Particular attention was paid to the biological and practical features of the research object: early maturity, cropping power, and damage caused by phytopathogenic objects. During the growing season, the varieties bearing fruit in late July – early August and those bearing fruit in the first and second ten-day intervals of September were noted. Large-fruited varieties (fruit mass more than 6 g) and large-fruited forms (fruit mass more than 7 g) were singled out. In the study season, fruiting continued until early October due to weather conditions. That allowed many plants to give maximum yield. The last harvest was on October 7, 2019. However, there were some plants that were only entering the stage of mass bearing at that moment. As a result, more early-maturing forms and varieties with the highest cropping power and resistance to fruit rot during the rainy season were registered among the range of varieties under study. Observations on the spider mite population on the plants were described. The paper describes the conditions for growing and the difficulties encountered during the planting of primocane-fruiting raspberry. The climatic conditions of the study area are described.
Supramolecular complexes of drugs for parasitic sheep invasions
Authors: Marchenko V A , Khalikov S S
Published: September 2020

The complex of multicellular parasites of sheep in Gorny Altai is mainly represented by intestinal and pulmonary strongilates, moniesia, dikrocelia and parasitic insects, which involves the use of complex parasiticidal agents of a wide spectrum of activity in the system to minimize the volume and frequency of use of drugs. Ivermectin (IVM) has a nematodocidal and entomocidal effect, fenbendazole (FBD) is an effective nematodocide and cestodocide, triclabendazole (TBD) is a recognized trematodocide. To obtain more effective drugs based on these substances, their mechanochemical modification using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is proposed. The aim of the work is to show the promise of using mechanochemical technology to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of drug substances and to evaluate the effectiveness of compositions of supramolecular complexes ofpolyvinylpyrrolidone with IVM, FBD and TBD in parasitic sheep infestations. Experiments on the study of the parasitocidal activity of compositions for intestinal helminthiases were carried out on a flock of spontaneously invasive sheep in the Shebalinsky district of the Altai Republic. According to the principle of analogues, 6 experimental (10 animals each) and 2 control (20 animals each) groups were formed. The preparations were given to the sheep individually in the form of an aqueous suspension orally. The study demonstrated the high efficiency of solid dispersion (SD) of the composition FBD / IVM / PVP at a dose of FBD - 3.0, IVM – 0.2 mg / kg b / w when administered orally against gastrointestinal strongylates and moniesia (95.8 and 100% ) and a bloodsucker in sheep (92.5%). SD of the composition TBD / IVM / PVP at a dose of TBD - 3.0, IVM - 0.2 showed high efficacy against gastrointestinal strongylates and dicrocelia (96.8 and 100%) and was not effective against moniesia and sheep blood suckers. The initial substances of FBD and TBD showed significantly less activity during parasitic infestations of sheep. The use of the studied SD suggests the possibility of a significant (three-fold) reduction in the dosage of FBD and TBD without loss of parasiticidal activity.
Functional and technological indicators of fermented minced meat
Authors: Zinina O , Rebezov M , Khayrullin M , Neverova O , Bychkova T
Published: September 2020

Enzymatic processing of raw meat is a promising technique for balancing its properties. The paper presents the results of a study of the functional and technological parameters of minced meat subjected to enzymatic treatment with transglutaminase and sequential treatment with pepsin and transglutaminase. The object of the study is beef with a connective tissue content of 20%. The highest values of moisture-binding, water-holding abilities and product yield after heat treatment were established for a test sample of minced meat with sequential treatment with pepsin and 0.3% transglutaminase. According to the results of the studies, it can be concluded that low-grade beef should be treated first with a proteolytic enzyme to soften the connective tissue, and then with transglutaminase for better binding and retention of moisture.
The influence of drip irrigation on growth of plum seedlings in central non-black soil zone of European Russia
Authors: Dubenok N N , Gemonov A V , Lebedev A V
Published: September 2020

One of the methods of environmentally friendly irrigation is drip irrigation, which also improves the quality and yield of agricultural and fruit crops. The aim of the work was to study the effect of different moisture content of the soil on the growth and development of plum seedlings grown in a fruit nursery in the conditions of the Non-Black Soil Zone of European Russia. For the rational use of irrigation water and obtaining high-quality plum planting material in the nursery, it is recommended to use an irrigation regime with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 80-100% lowest moisture capacity with a soaking depth of 30 cm in the first year and 40 cm in the second year.
Production of soft cheese enriched with functional ingredients
Authors: Krekker L G
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of a study on the possibility of obtaining soft cheese prepared on the basis of acid-rennet coagulation using calcium and magnesium salts, as well as a combination of starter cultures with the addition of streptobacteria. The production of valuable indicators of culture, including proteolytic, lipolytic activity and aromatization has been studied. The optimal conditions for obtaining acid-rennet curd under conditions of combined use of calcium and magnesium salts have been selected, which allow reducing the transition of protein to whey and increasing the content of magnesium and protein substances in the matured soft cheese.
The influence of water-soluble antioxidant on the productivity of chickens and hatching quality of eggs
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Struk E A , Ostrenko K C , Ovcharova A N , Yurina N A
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study was to obtain physiological, biochemical and zootechnical data confirming the effective use of the antioxidant dihydroethoxychine to increase productivity in laying hens. The experiment was carried out on 2 groups of laying hens of the breeding herd, selected by 100 heads by random sampling. For 41 days, the chickens of the experimental group received a basic diet with the addition of dihydroethoxychine (DGE) in the amount of 100 mg/kg of feed. On the 25th day of the experiment, blood samples (n=5) were taken for biochemical studies. In the experimental group, the concentration of cholesterol in the fraction of high-density lipoproteins increased twofold (P<0.01) and in the fraction of low-density lipoproteins decreased by almost 50% (P<0.01) against the control. The concentration of MDA in the blood of chickens in the experimental group was 82.00% relative to that in the control, and in the yolk of the egg - only 37.42 %. Egg production of chickens in the experimental group was higher than in the control by 7.3% (P<0.1). Hatchability of chickens in the experimental group increased by 14.6% (P<0.01) relative to control. It was concluded that the tested water-soluble antioxidant has a positive effect on the biological functions and productive parameters of laying hens.
Compound whey dessert
Authors: Serbova T V , Serova O P , Brekhova S A , Slozhenkina M I , Mosolova N I
Published: September 2020

The issue of recycling secondary raw materials is one of the urgent nowadays and is associated with savings of basic resources. Milk whey is raw material with low calorie content and high biological value. Low calorie compound milk dessert enriched with nutrients has been developed for preventive nutrition. It consisted of two layers, i.e. a milk layer that was a mixture of curd whey, cream 20% fat, vanillin, and functional components—sweetener and agar that is a structure-forming agent; and a fruit layer that contained quince puree, apricot juice, agar, and sweetener.
Antigenotoxic effect of prebiotics
Authors: Kolmakova T S , Morgul E V , Belik S N , Slozhenkina M I , Morgul A R
Published: September 2020

Living in environmentally neglected areas, stress, imbalance in the diet, and a decrease in the immune status adversely affect the human body. One of the main disorders is an imbalance in the intestinal biocenosis. Disorders of the intestinal microflora lead to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, obesity, diabetes, malignant neoplasms, allergic autoimmune diseases, and mental disorders. Imbalance of the intestinal microflora causes inflammatory processes and, therefore, DNA damage. Prebiotics are a means to restore intestinal microbiota. This article provides information on the study of an antimutagenic effect of prebiotics. We studied a monocomponent preparation, containing lactulose and a multicomponent prebiotic that consisted of aqueous substrates of metabolic products Escherichia coli DSM 4087, Streptococcus faecalis DSM 4086, Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 4149, and Lactobacillus helveticus DSM 4183. The purpose of the investigation was to study antigenotoxic properties of the preparations. The preparations’ ability to suppress genotoxicity caused by oxidative stress was evaluated by the biosensor bacteria’s ability to reduce the DNA damage caused by dioxidine—an endogenous generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To detect DNA damage in a cell, E. coli MG1655 biosensors with pRecA and pColD promoters were used. The studied prebiotics were found to exhibit a weak antigenotoxic effect, regardless of the composition or a range of concentrations applied. A monocomponent preparation (lactulose) had much better protective effect than a metabolic-type prebiotic that contained metabolic products of Escherichia coli, enterococci and lactobacilli. The study results may be taken into account in selection of prebiotic components as functional ingredients with antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties in the food industry.
Gerodietetic meat product
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Zolotareva A G , Knyazhechenko O A , Mosolova D A
Published: September 2020

The article considers the replaceability of a part of raw meat with plant material, in particular, flax meal and pumpkin in order to develop a product for elderly people. For the same purpose, the proposed formulation was added with calcium citrate produced according to a new technology intended to enrich the product with calcium—one of the most important macroelements. The study has selected optimal amount of plant ingredients introduced that did not spoil the sensory properties of the product. The main physicochemical parameters, i.e., weight fractions of protein and fat and amino acid composition, were examined. It was concluded that the developed formulation makes it possible to obtain a low-calorie high-protein calcium-enriched product intended for gerodietetic nutrition. Replacing a part of raw meat with plant materil can also reduce the finished product cost.
The effect of prebiotic components on the quality of yogurt
Authors: Kontareva V Yu , Belik S N , Morgul E V , Gorlov I F , Slozenkina M I
Published: September 2020

The aim of our study was to study the effect of prebiotic components on the quality indicators of enriched yogurt. Yogurt was produced by fermenting pasteurized normalized milk with yoghurt sourdough, which included lyophilically dried strains of Streptococcus thrmophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bactidiochemia sulphonidae with the addition of lactobacillus cultivar and yeast lactobacillus complex ), in addition, in order to enrich the product with vitamins, minerals and polyphenolic compounds, mashed potatoes from blueberries and dogwood were used. In the course of the study, we evaluated organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators, carried out a comparative analysis of the content of vitamins and trace elements in a traditional and enriched product. It was established that enrichment of yogurt with a prebiotic complex and fruit and berry puree contributed to the improvement of quality indicators, due to an increase in nutritional value, an increase in the content of vitamins (C, B1, B2, E and PP) and microelements (Ca, K, Mg, P, Fe). The prebiotic properties and immunogenic effects of wheat bran and yeast cell wall components, as well as the polyphenolic compounds of blueberries and cornel berries, make it possible to use yogurt as an adaptogenic product with probiotic, prebiotic neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties.
The study of specific energy consumption in devices with controlled segregated flows
Authors: Korotkiy I A , Neverov E N , Plotnikov I B , Plotnikov K B , Donya D V
Published: September 2020

According to the research by the Lighthouse company, energy consumption in the Russian industry exceeds the level of similar enterprises in other countries by 40-220%. In this regard, the study of energy consumption for production and selection of rational parameters using a new hardware design of processes is an urgent task. As research object a line for the production of granulated feed was selected. Based on the results of literature data analysis and patent review, a new design of drum vibration device with controlled segregate flows was proposed. The results of study of specific energy consumption for the drying process allowed to determine the percentage ratio between the values of energy consumption from each component of the process, and the coefficient of accounting for the conditional moisture evaporated from the granules. It allowed establishing rational parameters of the process. The use of phase volume characteristics of dispersed systems allows to improve the method for determining the thermal characteristics of dry and wet dispersed systems. The application of the developed methods will significantly reduce energy costs for the production of granulated feed, which eventually creates a competitive enterprise.
Development of enriched meat and vegetable semi-finished products chopped in a shell
Authors: Hramova V N , Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Timofeeva A D , Hramova Ya I , Alekseev A A
Published: September 2020

The article considers the issue of expanding the assortment line of semi-finished products in the shell by introducing plant materials into the recipe. According to the principles of food combinatorics, the formulation and technology for the production of semi-finished products have been developed, the positive effect of the introduced plant components on the organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of the chopped semi-finished products has been proved, and the functional orientation of the resulting product has also been proved.
The effectiveness of crossing Red steppe cattle with Anglers in order to increase the meat productivity of crossbreeds
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Fedotova G V , Kaydulina A A , Grishin V S
Published: September 2020

The article highlights the results of scientific experience in studying the meat productivity of cross-breeding red steppe bulls with genotypes 1/2,3/4 and 7/8 in Angler breed in comparison with pure-bred red steppe bulls. In the course of a complex of scientific research and chemical analyzes, it was found that thanks to the use of Angler breed, it is possible to obtain highly productive young cattle that are superior in quantitative and qualitative indicators of productivity to pure-bred red steppe cattle.
Meat productivity and interior features of the different genotypes of the rams Edilbaev breed
Authors: Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Shakhbazova O P , Radzhabov R G , Ivanova N V , Anisimova E Yu , Knyazhechenko O A
Published: September 2020

One of the key factors ensuring the increase in sheep production in future is the development of intensive reproduction of the herd. The article presents the results of an experiment that helped study and give comparative characteristics for the meat productivity and natural resistance of the pedigree Edilbay sheep breed in conditions of a pedigree reproducer in 2018-2019. The young stocks of original and new types were studied to assess their interior traits, establish the direction and degree of correlation between the biochemical blood parameters and meat productivity of young sheep, as well as determine indices reflecting the immune status of organisms of the experimental sheep. When starting the test, the live weight of animals of the pure and pedigree types were almost the same, while when finishing the experiment at the age of 12 months, animals in Group II exceeded animals in Group I by 4.3 kg (5.8%, P<0.01). The best average daily gain of experimental sheep was also in Group II, i.e., 167 g, which was higher than in Group I by 9.1% (P<0.01). Consequently, the rams of new type had the highest growth rate. The data of the control slaughter showed that both experimental groups had high meat productivity. The analysis of natural resistance indicators of small ruminants of various types and their relationship with productive qualities in different climatic zones have also shown the need to use different integral indicators to assess the immune status in further breeding of animals. The analysis of natural resistance indicators of small ruminants of various types and their relation with productive qualities in different climatic zones has suggested that there is a need to use several markers to assess the immune status for further sheep breeding.
Design of a terahertz metamaterial sensor based on split ring resonator nested square ring resonator
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Dapeng , Huang Fengyu , Li Zhi , Hu Fangrong
Published: September 2020

A terahertz (THz) sensor based on the metamaterial structure, split ring resonator with four-gaps relied on centrosymmetric nested square ring resonator, is presented. The two resonant elements of the metamaterial structure generate a corresponding resonant valley on the transmission spectrum curve in the frequency range from 0.1 to 1.9 THz respectively, and both of these resonant valleys show different redshifts when the surface permittivity of the structure changes. This feature is very suitable for THz sensing, especially the quantum interference effect between the two resonant elements, which results in the formation of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like resonance peak on the transmission spectrum curve. The sensing performances are simulated by using commercialized full-wave electromagnetic simulation software. The results demonstrated that the proposed sensor is polarization-insensitive and has a highly boosted sensitivity, which has a promising application prospect in the fields of biomedical science and drug industry.
Relativistic J-matrix method of scattering in 1 + 1 space-time I. Theory
*
Authors: Alhaidari A D
Published: September 2020

We make a relativistic extension of the one-dimensional J-matrix method of scattering. The relativistic potential matrix is a combination of vector, scalar, and pseudo-scalar components. These are non-singular short-range potential functions (not necessarily analytic like a square well) such that they are well represented by their matrix elements in a finite subset of a square integrable basis set. This set is chosen to support a tridiagonal symmetric matrix representation for the free Dirac operator. We derive the transmission and reflection coefficients. This work will be followed by another where we apply the theory to obtain scattering information for different potential coupling modes including those with evidence of Klein tunneling and of supercritical resonances.
Simultaneous feedback control of toroidal magnetic field and plasma current on MST using advanced programmable power supplies
Authors: Goumiri I R , McCollam K J , Squitieri A A , Holly D J , Sarff J S , Leblanc S P
Published: September 2020

Programmable control of the inductive electric field enables advanced operations of reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) device and further develops the technical basis for ohmically heated fusion RFP plasmas. MST’s poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields (B
p and B
t) can be sourced by programmable power supplies (PPSs) based on integrated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). In order to provide real-time simultaneous control of both B
p and B
t circuits, a time-independent integrated model is developed. The actuators considered for the control are the B
p and B
t primary currents produced by the PPSs. The control system goal will be tracking two particular demand quantities that can be measured at the plasma surface (r = a): the plasma current, I
p ∼ B
p(a), and the RFP reversal parameter, F ∼ B
t(a)/Φ, where Φ is the toroidal flux in the plasma. The edge safety factor, q(a) ∝ B

t
(a), tends to track F but not identically. To understand the responses of I
p and F to the actuators and to enable systematic design of control algorithms, dedicated experiments are run in which the actuators are modulated, and a linearized dynamic data-driven model is generated using a system identification method. We perform a series of initial real-time experiments to test the designed feedback controllers and validate the derived model predictions. The feedback controllers show systematic improvements over simpler feedforward controllers.
Synthesis mechanism of SiC–SiO2 core/shell nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Finetti F , Cavalli E , Attolini G , Rossi F
Published: September 2020

Core–shell SiC–SiO2 nanowires were grown on silicon substrate with the chemical vapor deposition method using iron nitrate as promoter for the growth and CO as a carbon precursor, under atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 1100 °C. The whole process involves two main stages: promoter conditioning (dewetting) and growth, by reaction with CO. The dewetting phase has been characterized by SEM and TEM techniques, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that at the operating temperature, a solid-state reaction between the substrate and the promoter takes place with the formation of α-FeSi2. The growth of the nanowires begins after an induction time of about 5 min from the introduction of CO. The experimental data have been interpreted by considering a nucleation process involving a reaction between FeSi2 and CO. For the nanowires growth phase, a mechanism based on the Vapor-Liquid-Solid theory is proposed, compatible with the morphology of the drop-shaped particles present on the tip of the nanowires.
Pointwise error estimates for 𝐶⁰ interior penalty approximation of biharmonic problems
Authors: Leykekhman D.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to derive pointwise global and local best approximation type error estimates for biharmonic problems using the

C
0

C^0

interior penalty method. The analysis uses the technique of dyadic decompositions of the domain, which is assumed to be a convex polygon. The proofs require local energy estimates and new pointwise Green’s function estimates for the continuous problem which has independent interest.
PICH regulates the abundance and localization of SUMOylated proteins on mitotic chromosomes
Authors: Hassebroek Victoria A. , Park Hyewon , Pandey Nootan , Lerbakken Brooklyn T. , Aksenova Vasilisa , Arnaoutov Alexei , Dasso Mary , Azuma Yoshiaki
Published: September 2020

Polo-like kinase-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) interacts with SUMOylated proteins to mediate proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. The results demonstrate that PICH controls the association of SUMOylated proteins, including topoisomerase IIa, with chromosomes, requiring PICH translocase activity and SUMO-binding ability.
Why change your beliefs rather than your desires? Two puzzles
Authors: Vassend Olav Benjamin
Published: September 2020

In standard decision theory, the probability function ought to be updated in light of evidence, but the utility function generally stays fixed. However, there is nothing in the formal theory that prevents one from instead updating the utility function, while keeping the probability function fixed. Moreover, there are good arguments for updating the utilities and not just the probabilities. Hence, the first puzzle is whether there is anything that justifies updating beliefs, but not desires, in light of evidence. The paper argues that there is not, but that this raises a second puzzle .
Power, Agency and Resistance in Public Relations: A Queer of Color Critique of the Houston Equal Rights Ordinance
Authors: Ciszek Erica , Rodriguez Nathian Shae
Published: September 2020

This article employs a queer of color critique as a theoretical lens to analyze the experiences of queer activists of color involved in mobilizing against oppressive laws in Texas. Through a queer of color critique, this interview-based study analyzes the internal power dynamics within a political campaign to uncover how they shaped the possibilities afforded to queer persons of color, what strategies queer people of color developed for resisting power and asserting agency, and how queer of color critique informs public relations theory. The purpose of this article is to advance critical work in public relations research, a commitment that is significant for critical and cultural communication studies.
Introducing Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in South Asia: Lessons From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project
Authors: Carter Alice S , Luby Stephen P , Garrett Denise O
Published: September 2020

Enteric fever remains a public health concern in communities lacking sanitation infrastructure to separate sewage from drinking water. To bridge the gap until large-scale civil-engineering projects are implemented in high-burden countries, typhoid conjugate vaccine presents a promising disease-prevention technology. A new typhoid conjugate vaccine was prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017 and is beginning to be introduced in countries around the world. To help inform vaccine introduction, the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) conducts prospective enteric fever surveillance in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. This supplement presents findings from Phase II of the study (2016–2019) on burden of disease, clinical presentation, the growing spread of drug-resistant strains, and policy and economic ramifications. These findings are delivered to support policymakers in their deliberations on strategies to introduce typhoid conjugate vaccine as a preventive tool against enteric fever.
Using multilayer network analysis to explore the temporal dynamics of collective behavior
Authors: Fisher David N , Pinter-Wollman Noa
Published: September 2020

Social organisms often show collective behaviors such as group foraging or movement. Collective behaviors can emerge from interactions between group members and may depend on the behavior of key individuals. When social interactions change over time, collective behaviors may change because these behaviors emerge from interactions among individuals. Despite the importance of, and growing interest in, the temporal dynamics of social interactions, it is not clear how to quantify changes in interactions over time or measure their stability. Furthermore, the temporal scale at which we should observe changes in social networks to detect biologically meaningful changes is not always apparent. Here we use multilayer network analysis to quantify temporal dynamics of social networks of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola and determine how these dynamics relate to individual and group behaviors. We found that social interactions changed over time at a constant rate. Variation in both network structure and the identity of a keystone individual was not related to the mean or variance of the collective prey attack speed. Individuals that maintained a large and stable number of connections, despite changes in network structure, were the boldest individuals in the group. Therefore, social interactions and boldness are linked across time, but group collective behavior is not influenced by the stability of the social network. Our work demonstrates that dynamic social networks can be modeled in a multilayer framework. This approach may reveal biologically important temporal changes to social structure in other systems.
Robustness and relevance of predictive score in sudden cardiac death for patients with Brugada syndrome
Authors: Probst Vincent , Goronflot Thomas , Anys Soraya , Tixier Romain , Briand Jean , Berthome Pauline , Geoffroy Olivier , Clementy Nicolas , Mansourati Jacques , Jesel Laurence , Dupuis Jean-Marc , Bru Paul , Kyndt Florence , Wargny Matthieu , Guyomarch Béatrice , Thollet Aurélie , Mabo Philippe , Gourraud Pierre-Antoine , Behar Nathalie , Sacher Frédéric , Gourraud Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2020

Aims 

Risk stratification of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in Brugada syndrome (Brs) remains the main challenge for physicians. Several scores have been suggested to improve risk stratification but never replicated. We aim to investigate the accuracy of the Brs risk scores.

Methods and results 

A total of 1613 patients [mean age 45 ± 15 years, 69% male, 323 (20%) symptomatic] were prospectively enrolled from 1993 to 2016 in a multicentric database. All data described in the risk score were double reviewed for the study. Among them, all patients were evaluated with Shanghai score and 461 (29%) with Sieira score. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 ± 4.7 years, an arrhythmic event occurred in 75 (5%) patients including 16 SCA, 11 symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia, and 48 appropriate therapies. Predictive capacity of the Shanghai score (n = 1613) and the Sieira (n = 461) score was, respectively, estimated by an area under the curve of 0.73 (0.67–0.79) and 0.71 (0.61–0.81). Considering Sieira score, the event rate at 10 years was significantly higher with a score of 5 (26.4%) than with a score of 0 (0.9%) or 1 (1.1%) (P < 0.01). No statistical difference was found in intermediate-risk patients (score 2–4). The Shanghai score does not allow to better stratify the risk of SCA.

Conclusions 

In the largest cohort of Brs patient ever described, risk scores do not allow stratifying the risk of arrhythmic event in intermediate-risk patient.
Getting to the Heart of the Matter in Later Life: The Central Role of Affect in Health Message Framing
Authors: Mikels Joseph A , Young Nathaniel A , Liu Xiaomei , Stine-Morrow Elizabeth A L
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives

Adopting healthy behaviors is often influenced by message framing; gain-framed messages emphasize the benefits of engaging in a behavior, whereas loss-framed messages highlight the consequences of not engaging in a behavior. Research has begun to uncover the underlying affective pathways involved in message framing. In the current study, we examined the role of affect in message framing to encourage exercise program enrollment among older adults.

Research Design and Methods

We mailed flyers to 126 volunteers assigned to a gain- or loss-framed condition and measured their affective reactions to the flyer and enrollment intentions. After the call, participants had the opportunity to contact us to enroll.

Results

Gain versus loss framing led to more positive affect toward the flyer, which predicted intentions and enrollment effort. In indirect effect analyses, frame indirectly influenced intentions and enrollment effort via positive affect.

Discussion and Implications

Although message framing plays an indirect role in influencing behavior, affect plays a central role.
Discrete optimization algorithm for optimal design of a solar/wind/battery hybrid energy conversion scheme
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Maleki Akbar , Birjandi Ali Komeili , Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Mohammadi Omid
Published: September 2020

Renewable energy technologies have been developed in recent years due to the limited sources of fossil fuels, the possibility of depletion of fossil fuels and the related environmental issues. In these types of systems, it is crucial to reach optimum sizing in order to have an affordable system based on solar and wind energy and energy storage. In this study, a powerful optimization scheme based on tabu search, called discrete tabu search, has been proposed for sizing three stand-alone solar/wind/energy storage (battery) hybrid systems. For validating the applied algorithm effectiveness, the results are compared with the results found by the discrete harmony search. The obtained outcomes are compared on the basis of total annual cost. The components of the scheme are analyzed in different operating conditions by applying meteorological data in addition to real time information from three typical regions of Iran. According to the obtained data, applying ‘discrete tabu search’ leads to better outputs on the basis of mean, standard deviation and worst indexes.
The GeometricP=WConjecture in the Painlevé Cases via Plumbing Calculus
Authors: Némethi András , Szabó Szilárd
Published: September 2020

We use plumbing calculus to prove the homotopy commutativity assertion of the Geometric $P=W$ conjecture in all Painlevé cases. We discuss the resulting Mixed Hodge structures on Dolbeault and Betti moduli spaces.
Mechanical stretch sustains myofibroblast phenotype and function in microtissues through latent TGF-β1 activation
Authors: Walker Matthew , Godin Michel , Pelling Andrew E
Published: September 2020

Developing methods to study tissue mechanics and myofibroblast activation may lead to new targets for therapeutic treatments that are urgently needed for fibrotic disease. Microtissue arrays are a promising approach to conduct relatively high-throughput research into fibrosis as they recapitulate key biomechanical aspects of the disease through a relevant 3D extracellular environment. In early work, our group developed a device called the MVAS-force to stretch microtissues while enabling simultaneous assessment of their dynamic mechanical behavior. Here, we investigated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in microtissue cultures using our MVAS-force device through assessing α-SMA expression, contractility and stiffness. In doing so, we linked cell-level phenotypic changes to functional changes that characterize the clinical manifestation of fibrotic disease. As expected, TGF-β1 treatment promoted a myofibroblastic phenotype and microtissues became stiffer and possessed increased contractility. These changes were partially reversible upon TGF-β1 withdrawal under a static condition, while, in contrast, long-term cyclic stretching maintained myofibroblast activation. This pro-fibrotic effect of mechanical stretching was absent when TGF-β1 receptors were inhibited. Furthermore, stretching promoted myofibroblast differentiation when microtissues were given latent TGF-β1. Altogether, these results suggest that external mechanical stretch may activate latent TGF-β1 and, accordingly, might be a powerful stimulus for continued myofibroblast activation to progress fibrosis. Further exploration of this pathway with our approach may yield new insights into myofibroblast activation and more effective therapeutic treatments for fibrosis.
Recommendations from Thai stakeholders about protecting HIV remission (‘cure’) trial participants: report from a participatory workshop
Authors: Peay Holly L , Ormsby Nuchanart Q , Henderson Gail E , Jupimai Thidarat , Rennie Stuart , Siripassorn Krittaecho , Kanchawee Kunakorn , Isaacson Sinéad , Cadigan R Jean , Kuczynski Kriste , Likhitwonnawut Udom
Published: September 2020

Background

The social/behavioral HIV Decision-Making Study (DMS) assesses informed consent and trial experiences of individuals in HIV remission trials in Thailand. We convened a 1-d multi-stakeholder participatory workshop in Bangkok. We provide a meeting summary and reactions from DMS investigators.

Methods

Workshop members viewed de-identified interview excerpts from DMS participants. They deliberated on the findings and made recommendations regarding informed choice for remission trials. Notes and recordings were used to create a summary report, which was reviewed by members and refined.

Results

Workshop members’ recommendations included HIV education and psychosocial support to establish the basis for informed choice, key trial information to be provided in everyday language, supportive decision-making processes and psychosocial care during and after the trial. Concerns included participant willingness to restart antiretrovirals after trial-mandated treatment interruption, unintended influence of the research team on decision-making and seemingly altruistic motivations for trial participation that may signal attempts to atone for stigmatized behavior.

Conclusions

The workshop highlighted community perspectives and resulted in recommendations for supporting informed choice and psychosocial and physical health. These are the first such recommendations arising from a deliberative process. Although some elements are rooted in the Thai context, most are applicable across remission trials.
Predominance of CTX-M-15-producing ST131 strains among ESBL-producingEscherichia coliisolated from asylum seekers in the Netherlands
Authors: Louka Christina , Ravensbergen Sofanne J , Ott Alewijn , Zhou Xuewei , García-Cobos Silvia , Friedrich Alexander W , Pournaras Spyros , Rosema Sigrid , Rossen John W , Stienstra Ymkje , Bathoorn Erik
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Numerous studies show increased prevalence of MDR bacteria amongst asylum seekers, but data on the molecular profiles of such strains are limited. We aimed to evaluate the molecular profiles of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) strains isolated from asylum seekers and investigate their phylogenetic relatedness.

Methods

WGS data of ESBL-E. coli isolates from asylum seekers, retrieved from 1 January to 31 December 2016, were analysed to assess MLST STs, fim types, phylogroups and resistance genes. Fifty-two ESBL-E. coli isolates from the Dutch–German border region were used for genome comparison purposes as a control group.

Results

Among 112 ESBL-E. coli isolates from asylum seekers, originating mostly from Syria (n = 40) and Iraq (n = 15), the majority belonged to ST131 (21.4%) and ST10 (17.0%). The predominant gene for β-lactam resistance was blaCTX-M-15 (67.9%), followed by the often co-detected blaTEM-1B (39.3%). No mcr or carbapenemase genes were detected. The majority of the strains belonged to phylogroups B2 (38.4%) and A (32.1%), carrying fimH27 (25%) and fimH30 (19.6%). A core genome MLST minimum spanning tree did not reveal clusters containing strains from the asylum seekers and the control group. Five clusters were formed within the asylum seeker group, by strains isolated from people originating from different countries.

Conclusions

The most frequently isolated clones in this study were isolated on a regular basis within the Dutch population before the increase in the asylum seeker population. No mcr- or carbapenemase-producing clones were detected among the asylum seeker population. Minor clustering was observed amongst the asylum seeker strains.
A Comparative Study of Zhuangzi and Nietzsche’s Tragic Vision and Aestheticism
Authors: Zeng Hong , Harmon William
Published: September 2020

This article argues that both Zhuangzi and Nietzsche’s aestheticism is a means of overcoming their tragic vision of life. Nietzsche’s aesthetic state of Dionysian intoxication and Zhuangzi’s floating/wandering (游) involve similar, rapturous self-loss in merging with a primal unity or ground being of existence. Both seek an aestheticised, spiritual freedom that is built on an alienation from their perceived reality. Both versions of aestheticism have their price: the penalty of Zagreus in Dionysus, and the sacrifice of historical time and historical self in Zhuangzi’s thought. Beneath their aestheticised vision of primal unity, both are torn by tragic conflicts and sacrifice. Of Zhuangzi, we could say the same as Nietzsche said of the Greeks in his The Birth of Tragedy: ‘this is the real meaning of the famous Greek serenity, so often misrepresented as some kind of untroubled cheerfulness’.
Gas and star formation from HD and dust emission in a strongly lensed galaxy
Authors: Jones G C , Maiolino R , Caselli P , Carniani S
Published: September 2020

The molecular gas content of high-redshift galaxies is a highly sought-after property. However, H2 is not directly observable in most environments, so its mass is probed through other emission lines (e.g. CO, [C i], [C ii]), or through a gas-to-dust ratio. Each of these methods depends on several assumptions, and are best used in parallel. In this work, we extend an additional molecular gas tracer to high-redshift studies by observing hydrogen deuteride (HD) emission in the strongly lensed z = 5.656 galaxy SPT0346−52 with ALMA. While no HD(1–0) emission is detected, we are able to place an upper limit on the gas mass of $\rm M_{H_2}\lt 6.4\times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$. This is used to find a limit on the $L^{\prime }_{\mathrm{ CO}}$ conversion factor of      $\rm \alpha _{CO}\lt 5.8\,M_{\odot}(K\,km\,s^{-1}\,pc^2)^{-1}$. In addition, we construct the most complete spectral energy distribution of this source to date, and fit it with a single-temperature modified blackbody using the nested sampling code multinest, yielding a best-fitting dust mass Mdust = 108.92 ± 0.02 M⊙, dust temperature 78.6 ± 0.5 K, dust emissivity spectral index β = 1.81 ± 0.03, and star formation rate SFR = 3800 ± 100 M⊙ yr−1. Using the continuum flux densities to estimate the total gas mass of the source, we find   $\rm M_{H_2}\lt 2.4\times 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$ , assuming subsolar metallicity. This implies a CO conversion factor of αCO < 2.2, which is between the standard values for MW-like galaxies and starbursts. These properties confirm that SPT0346−52 is a heavily starbursting, gas-rich galaxy.
Constraining the distance to the North Polar Spur with Gaia DR2
Authors: Das Kaustav K , Zucker Catherine , Speagle Joshua S , Goodman Alyssa , Green Gregory M , Alves João
Published: September 2020

The North Polar Spur (NPS) is one of the largest structures observed in the Milky Way in both the radio and soft X-rays. While several predictions have been made regarding the origin of the NPS, modelling the structure is difficult without precise distance constraints. In this paper, we determine accurate distances to the southern terminus of the NPS and towards latitudes ranging up to 55°. First, we fit for the distance and extinction to stars towards the NPS using optical and near-infrared photometry and Gaia Data Release 2 astrometry. We model these per-star distance–extinction estimates as being caused by dust screens at unknown distances, which we fit for using a nested sampling algorithm. We then compare the extinction to the Spur derived from our 3D dust modelling with integrated independent measures from XMM–Newton X-ray absorption and H i column density measures. We find that we can account for nearly 100 per cent of the total column density of the NPS as lying within 140 pc for latitudes >26° and within 700 pc for latitudes <11°. Based on the results, we conclude that the NPS is not associated with the Galactic Centre or the Fermi bubbles. Instead, it is likely associated, especially at higher latitudes, with the Scorpius–Centaurus association.
Colocality to Cofunctionality: Eukaryotic Gene Neighborhoods as a Resource for Function Discovery
Authors: Foflonker Fatima , Blaby-Haas Crysten E
Published: September 2020

Diverging from the classic paradigm of random gene order in eukaryotes, gene proximity can be leveraged to systematically identify functionally related gene neighborhoods in eukaryotes, utilizing techniques pioneered in bacteria. Current methods of identifying gene neighborhoods typically rely on sequence similarity to characterized gene products. However, this approach is not robust for nonmodel organisms like algae, which are evolutionarily distant from well-characterized model organisms. Here, we utilize a comparative genomic approach to identify evolutionarily conserved proximal orthologous gene pairs conserved across at least two taxonomic classes of green algae. A total of 317 gene neighborhoods were identified. In some cases, gene proximity appears to have been conserved since before the streptophyte–chlorophyte split, 1,000 Ma. Using functional inferences derived from reconstructed evolutionary relationships, we identified several novel functional clusters. A putative mycosporine-like amino acid, “sunscreen,” neighborhood contains genes similar to either vertebrate or cyanobacterial pathways, suggesting a novel mosaic biosynthetic pathway in green algae. One of two putative arsenic-detoxification neighborhoods includes an organoarsenical transporter (ArsJ), a glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like gene, homologs of which are involved in arsenic detoxification in bacteria, and a novel algal-specific phosphoglycerate kinase-like gene. Mutants of the ArsJ-like transporter and phosphoglycerate kinase-like genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were found to be sensitive to arsenate, providing experimental support for the role of these identified neighbors in resistance to arsenate. Potential evolutionary origins of neighborhoods are discussed, and updated annotations for formerly poorly annotated genes are presented, highlighting the potential of this strategy for functional annotation.