bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of open top chamber (OTC) performance across the ITEX Network
Authors: Hollister Robert D. , Elphinstone Cassandra , Henry Greg H. R. , Bjorkman Anne D. , Klanderud Kari , Björk Robert G. , Björkman Mats P. , Bokhorst Stef , Carbognani Michele , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Dorrepaal Ellen , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Fetcher Ned , Gallois Elise C. , Guðmundsson Jón , Healey Nathan C. , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Klarenberg Ingeborg J. , Oberbauer Steven F. , Macek Petr , May Jeremy L. , Mereghetti Alessandro , Molau Ulf , Petraglia Alessandro , Rinnan Riikka , Rixen Christian , Wookey Philip A.
Published: October 2022

Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International Tundra Experiment network in the early 1990s. Since then, OTCs have been deployed across the globe. Hundreds of papers have reported the impacts of OTCs on the abiotic environment and the biota. Here, we review the impacts of the OTC on the physical environment, with comments on the appropriateness of using OTCs to characterize the response of biota to warming. The purpose of this review is to guide readers to previously published work and to provide recommendations for continued use of OTCs to understand the implications of warming on low stature ecosystems. In short, the OTC is a useful tool to experimentally manipulate temperature; however, the characteristics and magnitude of warming varies greatly in different environments; therefore, it is important to document chamber performance to maximize the interpretation of biotic response. When coupled with long-term monitoring, warming experiments are a valuable means to understand the impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems.
Combining forest growth models and remotely sensed data through a hierarchical model-based inferential framework
Authors: Fortin Mathieu , van Lier Olivier , Côté Jean-François
Published: October 2022

Large-area growth estimates can be obtained by coupling growth model predictions with wall-to-wall remotely sensed auxiliary variables through a generalized hierarchical model-based (GHMB) inferential framework. So far, most GHMB variance estimators do not account for the residual errors of the submodels and their spatial correlations. This likely induces an underestimation of the true variance of the point estimator. In this study, we provide an example of large-area growth estimation obtained through the GHMB framework. To do this, we developed a new variance estimator that accounts for residual errors as well as potential spatial correlations among them. We tested this variance estimator through a simulation study and then used it to estimate the annual volume increment for a forest management unit in Quebec, Canada. Our results show that, contrary to our expectation, neglecting the residual errors of the different submodels leads to overestimating the true variance of the point estimator. We observed increases in the overestimation with small populations and spatially correlated residual errors. Our developed variance estimator corrected this overestimation and made it possible to derive reliable confidence intervals for annual volume increments at the population level.
On the late-time tails of massive perturbations in spherically symmetric black holes
Authors: Qian Wei-Liang , Lin Kai , Shao Cai-Ying , Wang Bin , Yue Rui-Hong
Published: October 2022

It was first pointed out by Koyama and Tomimatsu that, under reasonable assumptions, the asymptotic late-time tails of massive scalar perturbations in the far zone of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes decay universally as $$t^{-5/6}$$

t

-
5
/
6

. The late-time tail is furnished by the contribution from the branch cut of the frequency-domain Green’s function, which is constructed in terms of two appropriate solutions of the corresponding homogeneous equation. The present study focuses on some particular forms of the in-going wave that were not explicitly considered in the original derivations but nonetheless have been taken into account in the literature by other authors. In this regard, we reassess the authors’ arguments and provide a detailed complimentary analysis that covers a few specific aspects. For some particular cases, the tail is found to possess the form $$t^{-1}$$

t

-
1

. We also discuss the possible implications of the present findings.
Shadow of topologically charged rotating braneworld black hole
Authors: Zhang Hao-Ran , He Peng-Zhang , Shao Lei , Chen Yuan , Hu Xian-Ru
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate the optical properties by a charged rotating braneworld black hole, in the Randall–Sundrum scenario. We study the horizon, the photon region, the shadow of the black hole and other observables. The results show that in addition to the black hole spin parameter [Formula: see text], the other two parameters, tidal charge [Formula: see text] and electric charge [Formula: see text], are found to affect the horizon, the photon region and the black hole shadow. We also have researched different observables and found that with the increase of the three parameters, the area and perimeter of the black hole shadow decrease, while the deformation of the shadow intensifies. Finally, through the observations of the oblateness [Formula: see text], the circularity deviation [Formula: see text] and the angular diameter [Formula: see text] and the latest M87[Formula: see text] and SgrA[Formula: see text] black hole shadows, the three parameters are analyzed to turn out that those observations give different constraints due to the three parameters.
Traffic Prediction System Using IoT Cluster Based Evolutionary Under Sampling Approach
Authors: Prathilothamai M. , Viswanathan V.
Published: October 2022

Road traffic is increasing nowadays due to the rapid growth of vehicle usage, which necessitates highly accurate traffic prediction systems. The traffic data is time-series data which identifies different pattern during low, moderate and high traffic time. Moving weighted average model that captures this phenomenon by assigning different weights for the different traffic classes to calculate the threshold values. This paper addresses the class imbalance in the traffic dataset due to which has the high impact on precision. The class imbalance problem can be handled by various data-level and algorithm-level techniques. Hybrid methods show better results while handling skewed class distribution in binary class problems. But the multiclass imbalance is a rarely focused research area. In this work, Cluster Based Evolutionary Undersampling with Correlation Relation (CBEUS_CR) is proposed to handle the multiclass imbalance problem of the traffic prediction system. The proposed system uses multiple regression as a fitness function on traffic parameters of an evolutionary algorithm in the majority classes on Apache spark environment. As a result, the sensitivity, and specificity of traffic prediction is improved and achieves 97% accuracy as it balances the number of instances between majority and minority classes.
Geometry and thermodynamics of coherent quantum black holes
Authors: Casadio Roberto
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a quantum description of black holes given by coherent states of gravitons sourced by a matter core. The expected behavior in the weak-field region outside the horizon is recovered, with arbitrarily good approximation, but the classical central singularity is not resolved because the coherent states may not contain modes of arbitrarily short wavelength and the matter core must therefore have finite size. Ensuing quantum corrections both in the interior and exterior is also estimated by assuming that the mean-field approximation holds everywhere. These deviations from the classical black hole geometry can be viewed as quantum hair and will lead to a quantum corrected horizon radius and thermodynamics.
EXISTENCE RESULTS AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON NOVEL CORONAVIRUS 2019-NCOV/ SARS-COV-2 MODEL USING DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS BASED ON THE GENERALIZED MITTAG-LEFFLER KERNEL AND FIXED POINTS
Authors: PANDA SUMATI KUMARI , ATANGANA ABDON , ABDELJAWAD THABET
Published: October 2022

The use of mathematical modeling in the exploration of epidemiological disorders has increased dramatically. Mathematical models can be used to forecast how viral infections spread, as well as to depict the likely outcome of an outbreak and to support public health measures. In this paper, we present useful ideas for finding existence of solutions of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/ SARS-CoV-2 model via fractional derivatives by using fuzzy mappings. Three classes of fractional operators were considered including Atangana–Baleanu, Caputo–Fabrizio and Caputo. For each case, we introduce the fuzzination in the study of the existence of a system of solutions. A fresh numerical scheme was proposed for each scenario, and then numerical simulations involving various parameters of Atangana–Baleanu fractional-order were shown utilizing numerical solutions.
Nutrient Deficiency Classification in Rice Plants Using DenseNet121
Authors: Appalanaidu Majji V. , Kumaravelan G.
Published: October 2022

The leaves of plants often display signs of nutritional shortages. Therefore, to identify the nutrient shortages in plants, the color as well as the shape of the leaves can be wielded. Image classification is a quick and efficient methodology for this diagnosis task. In image classification, even though Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) are successful, little emphasis has been paid to their use in detecting plant nutrient deficits. Thus, to classify rice plant nutrient deficits, a DenseNet121 model is proposed in this paper. This proposed technique includes inserting additional new layers, early stopping criteria, model checkpoints, and five-fold cross-validation to enhance the model’s accuracy. After that, the model’s efficacy has been assessed utilizing specific performance metrics like accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall. The performance of the suggested model is also analogized with the newer deep learning algorithms. From experimental results, the modified DenseNet121 attained 99.98% of accuracy, 99.99% of Precision, 99.98% of Recall, and 99.97% of F1-score. Lastly, to classify nutrient deficiencies in rice plants automatically on the web and mobile devices, an application was created for the farmers.
Medical Image Fusion using ECNN- and OMBO-based Adaptive Weighted Fusion Rule
Authors: Vishnuvardhan Veruva , Jaya T.
Published: October 2022

Medical imaging and information processing technologies are constantly evolving, resulting in a wide range of multimodality therapeutic pictures for clinical illness investigation. Physicians often require medical images produced using various modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission computed tomography (PET) for clinical diagnosis. Many deep learning-based fusion methods have recently been proposed. In Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based fusion methods, only the last layer results are used as the image features, which result in the loss of useful information at middle layers. The fusion rule, based on the weighted averaging, causes noises in the source images and suppresses salient features of the image. In order to solve these issues, this paper proposes medical image fusion using Enhanced CNN (ECNN)- and Opposition-based Monarch Butterfly Optimization (OMBO)-based adaptive weighted fusion rule (AWFR). The ECNN contains feature extraction and reconstruction components. Both these components are trained in order to minimize the pixel loss and structural similarity loss. A pair of multimodal medical image is passed as input to the ECNN model to extract the low level and high level features. For the extracted features from ECNN, weighted fusion rule is applied in which OMBO algorithm is applied to adaptively optimize the weights of the fusion rule.
Insulin Clearance in Health and Disease
Authors: Najjar Sonia M. , Caprio Sonia , Gastaldelli Amalia
Published: October 2022

Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated product of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and insulin clearance by receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation, mostly in liver (hepatocytes) and, to a lower extent, in extrahepatic peripheral tissues. Substantial evidence indicates that genetic or acquired abnormalities of insulin secretion or action predispose to type 2 diabetes. In recent years, along with the discovery of the molecular foundation of receptor-mediated insulin clearance, such as through the membrane glycoprotein CEACAM1, a consensus has begun to emerge that reduction of insulin clearance contributes to the disease process. In this review, we consider the evidence suggesting a pathogenic role for reduced insulin clearance in insulin resistance, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and type 2 diabetes.
Spectral brain signatures of aesthetic natural perception in the α and β frequency bands
Authors: Kaiser Daniel
Published: October 2022

In the real world, aesthetic experiences arise from complex and dynamic inputs. This study shows that such aesthetic experiences are represented in a spectral neural code: cortical α and β activity track our judgments of the aesthetic appearance of natural videos, providing a new starting point for studying the neural correlates of beauty through rhythmic brain activity.
Heritability of brain neurovascular coupling
Authors: Christova Peka , Uğurbil Kâmil , Georgopoulos Apostolos P.
Published: October 2022

Here we show that the sample-to-sample turnover of the resting state fMRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent turnover (TBOLD) is heritable, the left and right hemisphere TBOLD heritabilities are highly correlated, and TBOLD heritability varies among cortical areas. Moreover, we documented that TBOLD is associated with the regional cortical distribution of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter.
Some Integrals Involving Meijer’s and Hypergeometric Functions Using the Coherent State Technique
Authors: Popov Dusan , Negrea Romeo
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we have examined a particular case of coherent states, defined so that their structure constants depend only on the products of the energy eigenvalues of the examined systems. In this manner, we have built all three kinds of coherent states (Barut–Girardello, Klauder–Perelomov, and Gazeau–Klauder). From the equation of the unitary operator decomposition, we have highlighted and used a so-called fundamental integral, to obtain some new integrals involving Meijer’s and hypergeometric functions. All calculations are made using the properties of the diagonal operator ordering technique. This is implicitly proved that the coherent state technique can be useful not only in different branches of physics (quantum mechanics, quantum optics, quantum information theory, and so on) but also in the deduction of new integrals involving generalized Meijer’s and hypergeometric functions. This approach can be considered as suitable “feedback” from physics to mathematics.
Estimating Genetic Analysis Using Half Diallel Cross Underlying Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Fibre Yield in Tropical Climates
Authors: Al-Mamun Md , Rafii Mohd Y. , Misran Azizah binti , Berahim Zulkarami , Ahmad Zaiton , Khan Md Mahmudul Hasan , Oladosu Yusuff
Published: October 2022

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a natural fibre crop that can be used for a variety of purposes and has various applications in industry. Despite this, its potential has not been fully exploited because of low yields and a narrow genetic base, limiting hybrids’ development. Based on this background, eight kenaf mutants and one commercial cultivar were selected and crossed in a half‐diallel for general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) to get the desired results done in this investigation. The 36 hybrid offspring and their parental lines were tested in the field over two environments. Diallel results based on Griffing B method 2 indicated significant differences for all characters studied except for GCA in top diameter and plant height and top diameter SCA, indicating the existence of both additive and nonadditive gene actions for the inheritance of the traits. The amplitude of GCA variation was much higher than that of SCA variation for all parameters except top diameter and node number, showing the additive gene’s prevalence and the likelihood of genetic advancement through selection. In both conditions, Hayman and Jinks graphical studies demonstrated that partial dominance controlled various fibre yield component parameters such as plant height, middle diameter, stick weight, and fibre weight. On the other hand, fibre yield and the majority of physical features indicated either dominance or overdominance gene action. Plant height, base diameter, core diameter, middle diameter, fresh stem weight, and stick weight all strongly positively correlated with fibre yield. These traits also had a higher proportion of additive effects, a moderate narrow‐sense heritability, and a higher baker ratio, indicating successful indirect selection for fibre yield. The parents P1, P3, and P4 had the most dominant alleles for most of the features, while the parents P2, P7, and P9 had the most recessive alleles. The hybrids P1 × P4, P1 × P9, P2 × P3, P2 × P5, P4 × P6, P4 × P7, P4 × P9, P5 × P8, and P7 × P9 outperformed the parents in terms of heterotic responses and showed that they have a lot of genetic potential for kenaf enhancement in tropical climates.
Participatory Evaluation of Open Pollinated Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties for Green Cob Production Under Irrigation in the North Shewa Lowlands, Ethiopia
Authors: Chakle Shumet , Tewolde Fekadu , Mamo Dejene
Published: October 2022

In the experimental area, there is a lack of improved maize varieties for green cob production. The experiment was conducted at Efratana gidim woreda Yimlo Kebele FTC-station in the North Shewa zone during the 2017 and 2018 experimental years under irrigation conditions. The objective of the study was to select adaptive, high-green cob yielders and farmers who preferred open-pollinated maize varieties for the lowland areas of North Shewa. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Six nationally released open-pollinated maize, varieties including local check, were evaluated for two subsequent years. The combined analysis of variance showed highly significant (

p
<
0.01

) differences for days to anthesis, days to silking, and number of cobs ha−1. In each year, farmers participated and selected the top preferred varieties. During the 2017 experimental year, farmers used a number of cobs per plant, bear tip, cob length, uniformity, husk tip coverage, earliness, and stalk strength as selection criteria, and during the 2018 experimental year, farmers also used cob length, bear tip, earliness, lodging tolerance, and biomass as variety selection criteria. Varieties Melkasa-2 and Melkasa-6Q have been selected in both years. Analysis of variance revealed that both farmers preferred varieties that gave a high number of cobs, which is 46,914 and 41,358 cobs ha−1 for varieties Melkasa-2 and Melkasa-6Q, respectively. Based on this result, varieties Melkasa-2 and Melkasa-6Q were recommended for the North Shewa lowlands and similar agroecology.
Approximate Analytical Solution to Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations by Using Sumudu Iterative Method
Authors: Moltot Asfaw Tsegaye , Deresse Alemayehu Tamirie
Published: October 2022

In this study, an efficient analytical method called the Sumudu Iterative Method (SIM) is introduced to obtain the solutions for the nonlinear delay differential equation (NDDE). This technique is a mixture of the Sumudu transform method and the new iterative method. The Sumudu transform method is used in this approach to solve the equation’s linear portion, and the new iterative method’s successive iterative producers are used to solve the equation’s nonlinear portion. Some basic properties and theorems which help us to solve the governing problem using the suggested approach are revised. The benefit of this approach is that it solves the equations directly and reliably, without the prerequisite for perturbations or linearization or extensive computer labor. Five sample instances from the DDEs are given to confirm the method’s reliability and effectiveness, and the outcomes are compared with the exact solution with the assistance of tables and graphs after taking the sum of the first eight iterations of the approximate solution. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the recommended strategy is encouraging for solving other types of nonlinear delay differential equations.
Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Jambosa caryophyllus (Thunb.) Nied: Clove Buds
Authors: Zouirech Otmane , Alajmi Reem , El jeddab Hiba , Allali Aimad , Bourhia Mohammed , El Moussaoui Abdelfattah , El Barnossi Azeddin , Ahmed Ashraf M. , Giesy John P. , Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M. , Lyoussi Badiaa , Derwich El houssine
Published: October 2022

Jambosa caryophyllus has been used in traditional phytotherapy as a treatment against infections. In the present work, essential oils extracted from clove buds (Jambosa caryophyllus ) (EO-JC) were investigated for their composition, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. Extraction of EO-JC was performed by use of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and the EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activity of EO-JC was evaluated by the use of solid-state diffusion (disc method) and microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), against three strains of fungus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum. Insecticidal activity of EO-JC against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, was determined to assess utility of EO-JC to control this pest. Several exposures including inhalation and contact were used to determine lethality, as well as the repulsion test was conducted at concentrations of 4, 8, 16, and 32 μL EO-JC. Characterization of EO-JC by GC/MS revealed 34 compounds accounting for 99.98% of the mass of the extract. The predominant compound was eugenol (26.80%) followed by β-caryophyllene (16.03%) and eugenyl acetate (5.83%). The antifungal activity of EO-JC on solid media exhibited inhibitions in the range of 49% to 87%, and MIC was between 3.125 and 7.80 μg EO-JC/mL. Insecticidal activity, as determined by the use of the inhalation test, and expressed as the LD50 and LD95 after 96 hours of exposure was 2.32 and 21.92 μL/L air, respectively. In the contact test, a 96-hour exposure resulted in LD50 and LD95 of 5.51 and 11.05 μL/L of air, respectively. EO-JC exhibited insecticidal activity against fungi and pest chickpea weevil.
Rare primary choroidal melanoma in a dog, with optic nerve infiltration
Authors: Porfirio Geórgia Bajer Fernandes de Freitas , Mello Elaine Souza , Brunato Carinne Liesse , Perlmann Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Intraocular melanocytic neoplasms are common in dogs. However, the choroidal location of these neoplasms and their infiltration into the optic nerve are unusual. This paper reports a case of primary choroidal melanoma in a 12-year-old male Dachshund. On the first examination, the animal presented left eye blepharospasm, protrusion of the nictitating membrane, conjunctival hyperemia, moderate congestion, hyphema, and intraocular hypertension. Opacity hindered the performance of fundoscopy in the affected eye. The ocular ultrasound examination revealed a cupuliform mass in the choroid. Due to suspected intraocular neoplasia, an exenteration was performed. Histopathological examination revealed primary choroidal melanoma with scleral and optic nerve invasion.
Balalaicas no Sertão: João Guimarães Rosa e os Russos
Authors: Galharte Julio Augusto Xavier
Published: October 2022

Neste texto, acompanho uma “conversa” entre João Guimarães Rosa e dois grandes autores da literatura em língua russa, Nikolai Gógol e Fiódor Dostoiévski, a partir do conto “Estória no 3”, de Tutameia. Levo em consideração nesta proposição comparativa uma mirada sobre os livros de escritores da Rússia que constavam na biblioteca particular de Rosa, contendo também suas anotações de leitura e outros textos como cartas e ensaios (envolvendo os russos), que não chegaram a ser publicados, mas constam no arquivo de seus documentos, localizado no Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da USP. Este ensaio está dividido em três seções: a primeira tem caráter genérico, com comentários breves das citações que Rosa faz a autores russos em Tutameia, como Turguêniev e Tolstói, por exemplo, bem como relações rápidas dessa obra com textos de Púchkin e Tchékhov, que não são mencionados diretamente pelo escritor brasileiro, mas que dialogam com a sua poética. No segundo e terceiro segmentos, a “Estória no 3” é contrastada, respectivamente, com narrativas gogolianas (principalmente “Noite de São João”) e dostoievskianas (mormente Crime e castigo).
O "emparedado": configurações de um tema em contos brasileiros
Authors: Passos Cleusa Rios P.
Published: October 2022

O ensaio busca apontar reelaborações do tema do “emparedado”, constante em várias narrativas de Edgar Allan Poe, em contos da literatura brasileira, a saber: “O mistério de Highmore Hall”, de Guimarães Rosa, “Venha ver o pôr do sol”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, e “A armadilha”, de Murilo Rubião. Os três engendram uma rede dialógica relacionada ao ato de emparedar personagens, ao lado de tratamentos distintos, caracterizados por inovações e perspectiva composicional singular de cada autor.
Riobaldo, Hans Castorp, Wilheim Meister: viajantes em Formação
Authors: Mazzari Marcus V.
Published: October 2022

Este ensaio contempla, em perspectiva comparada, três grandes romances da Literatura Mundial: Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956), A Montanha Mágica (1924) e Os Anos de Aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister (1795/6). Após breve consideração introdutória sobre o motivo astrológico, a argumentação crítica se concentra nos procedimentos mobilizados pelo eu-narrador rosiano, a fim de exprimir sua complexa vivência do decurso temporal. Sob esse enfoque, a análise se estende ao romance de Thomas Mann, paradigma da reflexão romanesca sobre o fenômeno “tempo”. Em seguida, se procede, também em visada comparativa, à investigação de outros tópicos, voltados à simbologia do número sete, ao motivo do pacto e, ainda, ao significado do dinheiro e da propriedade privada na economia romanesca. Deste último ponto desprendeu-se a necessidade de incorporar à discussão o romance goethiano, fundador do Bildungsroman. Uma breve consideração de cunho ecocrítico se constitui como fecho do ensaio.
FGF21–Sirtuin 3 Axis Confers the Protective Effects of Exercise Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Governing Mitochondrial Integrity
Authors: Jin Leigang , Geng Leiluo , Ying Lei , Shu Lingling , Ye Kevin , Yang Ranyao , Liu Yan , Wang Yao , Cai Yin , Jiang Xue , Wang Qin , Yan Xingqun , Liao Boya , Liu Jie , Duan Fuyu , Sweeney Gary , Woo Connie Wai Hong , Wang Yu , Xia Zhengyuan , Lian Qizhou , Xu Aimin
Published: October 2022

Background:

Exercise is an effective nonpharmacological strategy to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) through poorly defined mechanisms. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21), a peptide hormone with pleiotropic benefits on cardiometabolic homeostasis, has been identified as an exercise responsive factor. This study aims to investigate whether FGF21 signaling mediates the benefits of exercise on DCM, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

The global or hepatocyte-specific FGF21 knockout mice, cardiomyocyte-selective β-klotho (the obligatory co-receptor for FGF21) knockout mice, and their wild-type littermates were subjected to high-fat diet feeding and injection of streptozotocin to induce DCM, followed by a 6-week exercise intervention and assessment of cardiac functions. Cardiac mitochondrial structure and function were assessed by electron microscopy, enzymatic assays, and measurements of fatty acid oxidation and ATP production. Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes were used to investigate the receptor and postreceptor signaling pathways conferring the protective effects of FGF21 against toxic lipids-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Results:

Treadmill exercise markedly induced cardiac expression of β-klotho and significantly attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in wild-type mice, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial damage and increased activities of mitochondrial enzymes in hearts. However, such cardioprotective benefits of exercise were largely abrogated in mice with global or hepatocyte-selective ablation of FGF21, or cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of β-klotho. Mechanistically, exercise enhanced the cardiac actions of FGF21 to induce the expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 by AMPK-evoked phosphorylation of FOXO3, thereby reversing diabetes-induced hyperacetylation and functional impairments of a cluster of mitochondrial enzymes. FGF21 prevented toxic lipids-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by induction of the AMPK/FOXO3/SIRT3 signaling axis in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Adeno-associated virus-mediated restoration of cardiac SIRT3 expression was sufficient to restore the responsiveness of diabetic FGF21 knockout mice to exercise in amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and DCM.

Conclusions:

The FGF21-SIRT3 axis mediates the protective effects of exercise against DCM by preserving mitochondrial integrity and represents a potential therapeutic target for DCM.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03240978.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined with insecticides against Bradysia odoriphaga larvae
Authors: Chang Doudou , Huang Minghui , Zhou Xianhong , Yu Yi , Wang Congli , Li Chunjie
Published: October 2022

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as an environmentally-friendly biocontrol agent in combination with low toxic insecticides can increase control efficacy against insect pests. In this study, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Sc-All) combined with four common insecticides was used to evaluate the control efficacy against chive root gnat (Bradysia odoriphaga), an important pest of vegetables, e.g., chive, onion or garlic. The compatibility of nematodes with insecticides and host-seeking behaviour were also evaluated by the laboratory bioassay. The results showed three insecticides (matrine, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos) at the recommended concentrations (RC), 10% RC or 2% RC and insecticide phoxim at 10% RC or 2% RC had no effect on nematodes survival. Sc-All at 50 infective juveniles (IJ) per insect larva in the presence of the four insecticides at 10% RC demonstrated a potentiated, additive or a synergistic effect on the corrected mortality rates of insect up to 100% (imidacloprid) when compared with the corresponding insecticide and Sc-All alone. A synergistic effect resulting in lethal effect was found as early as at 24 h when 200 IJ of Sc-All per insect larva were combined with 10% RC imidacloprid, whilst only 9.4% and 0 corrected mortality were detected, respectively, when exposed to the same amount of imidacloprid and Sc-All alone. For the first time a Pluronic gel system assay revealed that the presence of insecticides significantly improved Sc-All host-seeking ability as early as 30 min post exposure. The results indicated that low doses of Sc-All-imidacloprid combination would be an effective strategy to control chive root gnat.
Metaleptobasis daiglei sp. nov. from Panama (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: VON ELLENRIEDER NATALIA
Published: October 2022

Metaleptobasis daiglei sp. nov. (Holotype ♂: PANAMA, Colón Province, Portobelo District, palmetto/ banana swamp, west side of Río Piedras near town of María Chiquita, 10 am (9°27’4’’N, 79°44’18’’W, 10 m), 2 June 2022, Jerrell J. Daigle leg., in FSCA) is described, figured, and distinguished from other species. Both male and female can be recognized from all congeners by the presence of a lateral pit rimmed by an external ridge between anterior and middle lobes of pronotum on each side, and the male also by the presence of a well-developed ventral spur on cercus, which supports the placement of the genus in the Teinobasini sensu De Marmels (2007).
Compensation between Resolved Wave Forcing and Parameterized Orographic Gravity Wave Drag in the Northern Hemisphere Winter Stratosphere Revealed in NCEP CFS Reanalysis Data
Authors: Yoo Ji-Hee , Chun Hye-Yeong
Published: October 2022

Compensation between the resolved wave (RW) forcing and the parameterized orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) accompanying barotropic/baroclinic (BT/BC) instability in the realistic atmosphere is investigated using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data in the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere. When sufficiently narrow and/or strong negative OGWD drives instability, RWs are generated in situ, providing positive Eliassen–Palm flux divergence that compensates for the parameterized OGWD enhancement; this is consistent with the findings of previous studies based on the idealized general circulation models. However, dependence of the compensation rate on RW forcing differs from the nearly complete compensation in the previous studies, implying that an additional mechanism operates for the compensation: the refractive-index modification by BT/BC instability. The negative meridional gradient of the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity leads to the negative refractive index squared for RWs with phase speeds less than the zonal-mean zonal wind. This prevents RWs from entering the destabilized areas, resulting in the divergence of Eliassen–Palm fluxes that cancels out the parameterized OGWD perturbation. Although both mechanisms act simultaneously, the refractive-index modification plays an important role in the compensation processes in the stratosphere where RWs are dominated by the planetary-scale waves.
The Relation Between Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Among Highly Educated Black Women
Authors: Watson Laurel B. , Henderson Janee'
Published: October 2022

This study examined the relations among gendered racial microaggressions, resilience, individual and collective self-esteem, and traumatic stress among Black women. Personal self-esteem significantly mediated the positive relation between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress. Resilience was also directly negatively related to traumatic stress and positively related to personal and collective self-esteem. Resilience moderated the positive relation between gendered racial microaggressions and membership identity/esteem. That is, at high levels of resilience, membership identity/esteem remained high, regardless of the frequency of gendered racial microaggressions. However, at low and average levels of resilience, membership identity/esteem was higher when experiencing more frequent gendered racial microaggressions. Mental health providers are encouraged to consider the deleterious role of gendered racial microaggressions in Black women’s traumatic stress. In addition, mental health providers should also consider the role of resilience in potentially mitigating traumatic stress and fostering Black women’s personal and collective self-esteem.
The Role of War-Related Motives in the Trajectories of Street Children in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Say Kana Nancy , Verelst An , Derluyn Ilse
Published: October 2022

Worldwide, many children live in the street; equally so in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where this phenomenon is seemingly connected to recurring armed conflicts. Yet, the role of war in children’s motives to join the street remains unknown. A total of 102 youths (12–18 years) were interviewed in Bunia by community researchers (i.e. former street children). Motives related to armed conflicts (e.g. rebel attacks) played an important role in children’s decisions to join the street, next to non-war-related motives (e.g. poverty, familial changes). Most children indicated a chronological chain of multiple motives, mostly starting with war-related motives.
Hydrodynamic performance optimization and experimental verification of underwater glider based on parametric method
Authors: Qin Hongde , Li Lingyu , Li Peng , Wang Xiangqian
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the wing body fusion method is used to complete the design of underwater glider. On this basis, the traditional optimization algorithm of underwater gliding wing shape is improved. Based on the improved Hicks Henne algorithm and genetic algorithm, the shape optimization of underwater glider is completed. Through the further optimization of the overall performance, the overall shape of the glider is improved and the maximum lift drag ratio is increased. Finally, the physical experiment of the optimized shape is carried out according to the experimental water area of the circulating water tank. Through the comparative analysis of the data, the accuracy of the numerical calculation is verified.
Social Interaction Anxiety and Problematic Smartphone Use Among Rural-Urban Adolescents in China: A Moderated Moderated-Mediation Model
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Huo Yongquan
Published: October 2022

This study explored the relationship between social interaction anxiety (SIA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among Chinese adolescents. Further, the roles of online basic psychological needs satisfaction (online BPNS), nature connectedness (NC), and related differences between urban and rural adolescents were examined. We recruited 840 Chinese adolescents to complete a questionnaire. Results showed that online BPNS mediated the relationship between SIA and PSU after controlling for sex, age, duration of smartphone use, and rural-urban differences. NC moderated the mediating effect of online BPNS as a second-stage moderator, and the mediating effect was stronger for adolescents with lower NC. The indirect effect of SIA on PSU through online BPNS depended on NC. Our findings suggested that reducing SIA and online BPNS levels, enhancing connection with nature, and training adolescents (especially rural adolescents) on methods to seek social support and develop social abilities can effectively deal with PSU.
Cultural Interaction under State Expansion in the Sino-Tibetan Borderlands: Changes in Marriage and Reproductive Practices in Yunnan since the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Authors: Lee Wen-Yao
Published: October 2022

This article describes the marriage institution’s disintegration and the resulting diversification of reproductive practices in Pumi (Premi) villages in Yongning, northwest Yunnan. Yongning Pumi currently practice formal marriages, visiting relationships, and cohabitation without marriage. I argue that this diversity has resulted from both the expansion of state intervention and local individuals’ agency to fulfill cultural ideals and personal desires. The changing economic-political environment in the nineteenth century and the unequal power relations between Pumi and Mosuo (Na), whose elites ruled Yongning as native officials 土官 authorized by the imperial court, jointly contributed to Pumi’s acceptance of visiting relationships. The popularity of visiting relationships in Yongning reflects the decline of the local status-differentiation system exemplified in divergent forms of marriage and reproductive relations. Moreover, the increasing commonalities and similarities of diversification in Pumi and Mosuo reproductive and residential practices are symptomatic of the region’s further incorporation into a larger economic and political system.
Assessing Radiology Practice Patterns for Obtaining MRI in Pediatric Patients with MR-Conditional Tracheostomy Tubes
Authors: Cahill Ellen M. , Chee Michael , Kwong Kelvin
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Silicone tracheostomy tubes are a popular choice for pediatric patients with chronic tracheostomies due to their pliability and increased comfort. However, the presence of wire reinforcement causes them to be labeled “MR-conditional.” The objective of this study was to understand practice patterns across radiology departments for obtaining MRI in children with MR-conditional tracheostomy tubes. Methods: A survey consisting of 7 questions aimed at determining a facility’s protocol for obtaining MRI in children with tracheostomy tubes was developed and administered via telephone to MRI technologists at US children’s hospitals. Results: 182 children’s hospitals were identified and 59 responses were obtained across 30 states (32.4%). 19 sites (32%) were excluded as they were unable to perform MRI. All 40 facilities reported that they have a standard questionnaire for medical implants, however only 20 reported that tracheostomy tubes are included on that questionnaire (50%). 6 (15%) reported all MR-conditional tubes are changed to MR-safe ones. Of the remaining 34, protocols were as follows: 1 (2.9%) scans patients with conditional tubes for a maximum of 15 minutes, 5 (14.7%) only use a 1.5T magnet, and 28 (82.3%) reported following the manufacturer conditions. In terms of artifact, 3 sites change MR-conditional tubes to MR-safe if scanning the head, neck, chest, or abdomen (8.8%), 6 (17.6%) change the tube if scanning the head or neck, 15 (44.1%) change the tube only if scanning the neck, and 10 (29.4%) were not aware of issues with artifact. Conclusion: Based on this survey of MRI technologists at US children’s hospitals, there is no unified protocol for obtaining MRI in pediatric patients with MR-conditional tracheostomy tubes. A lack of standardized protocols may be contributing to unnecessary tracheostomy changes. Future research includes clearly defining the anatomical regions affected by wire-related artifact and developing a standardized MRI protocol for these patients.
Reality Monitoring and Metamemory in Twins and Friends
Authors: Krackow Elisa , DeLarge Brianna N. , DiSciullo Victoria , Deming Emily M. , Gallimore Madison G.
Published: October 2022

The current study examined source memory/reality monitoring ability and metamemory accuracy in same-sex twins ( n = 60) versus friends ( n = 49). Dyads were provided a series of actions and imaginings followed by a reality monitoring and metamemory test that included both reality monitoring questions and appraisals of the likelihood of having made a memory error. There were no significant differences between twins and friends on the number of correct performed action items recalled, but twins were more likely than were friends to confuse whether they or their co-twin was the subject of the imaginings. Friends were more apt than twins to accurately appraise the likelihood of having made a memory error. Implications for twins as eyewitnesses are discussed.
FX swaps, shadow banks and the global dollar footprint
Authors: Dafermos Yannis , Gabor Daniela , Michell Jo
Published: October 2022

The era of dollar-based financial globalisation has seen a steady rise in the use of foreign exchange (FX) swaps. We provide a macrofinancial political economy perspective on the geography of FX swaps, and the spatial effects of central bank policies aimed at taming instabilities associated with the uneven geography of the dollar. First, we analyse the mechanisms and potential sources of instability involved in accessing dollars using FX swaps and repurchase agreement (repo) contracts, respectively, in both private and public (central bank) use. Second, we show that the distribution of currencies and institutions involved in trading swaps is skewed, reflecting both the dominance of the dollar as international financing currency and the uneven international distribution of dollar-denominated assets and liabilities. We document the changing composition of dollar swap users on both the long-dollar and short-dollar side and identify potential sources of macrofinancial vulnerability for dollar lenders and borrowers. The Fed's approach to global liquidity provision via both swaps and repos constitutes a spatially variegated strategy to preserve the hegemony of the US dollar. Despite its partial success in reducing instability due to cross-border financial imbalances, the Fed's uneven and hierarchical lender of last resort approach cannot sufficiently stabilise global finance to underpin a new era of macrofinancial stability.
Design and laboratory tests of flexible trailing edge demonstrators for wind turbine blades
Authors: Pohl Martin , Riemenschneider Johannes
Published: October 2022

To increase the power yield, wind turbines have significantly grown in the last decades. Today, this growth is more and more limited by the weight of the structures and fatigue loads. To compensate these loads, especially flapwise root bending moments, trailing edge flaps can be used. They can change the lift of the blade with little delay to equalize the aerodynamic lift and by this reduce the fatigue amplitude. Such a trailing edge flap has been designed, developed, built and experimentally tested. It uses a flexible, morphing design to seal the entire mechanics against environmental influences, such as rain, dust, or insects. Therefore a design made from glass fiber reinforced plastics in combination with elastomer materials is used. In this paper the design process from the concept to two consecutive demonstrators is presented. Both are tested in the laboratory for their morphing characteristics.
Rethinking Translingualism in College Composition Classrooms: A Digital Ethnographic Study of Multilingual Students’ Written Communication Across Contexts
Authors: Zhang-Wu Qianqian
Published: October 2022

It is important to understand multilingual students’ lived experiences and sense-making in their everyday written communication before rethinking the implementation of translingual writing in college composition classrooms. Unpacking multilinguals’ written communication across social and academic contexts, this exploratory qualitative study integrates digital ethnographic and interview methods to examine the first-semester communication experiences of 10 undergraduate students. The findings indicate that while participants engaged in translingual written communication as part of their lived experiences in social contexts, they were reluctant to draw upon their home language in academic settings. Based on the findings, I discuss the pedagogical implications of supporting multilingual students in college composition classrooms. I argue that instructors must reposition themselves as co-learners together with their multilingual students to enact a translingual stance in academic settings and reimagine meaningful written communication beyond English-only. This study sheds light on rethinking the pedagogical practices around implementing translingualism in college composition.