bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working Behind Playing
Authors: Fai Boris Pun Lok
Published: September 2017

With the rise of game broadcasting appearing in video sharing or streaming platforms, there is a new social phenomenon in which active fans expertizing in gaming could transcend to become tamed labour fans. This is a new role in the fan community and it enjoys paramount profitable benefit via the sponsorship of game companies. This article will investigate the nature of this new role of tamed fan labour and explore how it functions in the fan community, especially in terms of relieving fans' resistance against the game companies and consolidating the fan community by revealing their affinity for their fan. Using the example of a successful Chinese mobile game app, “Tower of Saviour”, this article will shed light on this rethinking of the fan structure, as well as on Chinese fan studies that show how tamed fan labour can benefit game companies in the Chinese cultural context.
Computer Animation for Ingenious Revival
Authors: Cipolla-Ficarra Francisco V. , Cipolla-Ficarra Miguel
Published: September 2017

In this research work, we make known the excellent advantages of the use of computer animations in 3D with the purpose of transferring scientific heritage into paper support to the current generations of users of interactive systems. In it the archetypes factor is analyzed (semiotics perspective) and communicative inference of the analyzed examples. Besides, the main components of the layout category are analyzed, which are related to graphic computing and communicability inside the interface of the interactive system.
Inverted Semanteme Into Financial Information Online
Authors: Cipolla-Ficarra Francisco V. , Ficarra Valeria M. , Cipolla-Ficarra Miguel
Published: September 2017

In the current work is presented the strategy of the “inverted semanteme” to analyze the lack of veracity of the financial information in the Spanish websites, which have a ISO certification. A set of real examples accompany this semiotic analysis of the interactive design to indicate an inappropriate use of the certification quality of logos in the Internet. An inappropriate use which breeds discredit towards the human team of small and middle size technological firms which have ceased their activities. Besides, the social factors are researched of the damage towards the communicability and the online credibility stemming from the promotion of false information in the financial context.
Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Jackson Liz
Published: September 2017

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an important educational agenda at the international level, with significant implications for both formal and nonformal education. Though a relatively new topic in modern education, ESD frameworks have evolved and grown in number over the last few decades, from an early concern with education for development and environmental education, to more critical orientations that focus on the relationship between individual and social factors and between environmental and political factors contributing to challenges today for ecological sustainability and global development and flourishing. In this dynamic field, priorities may vary with social context, as a critical interrogation of the importance of place in education is considered fundamental to modern ESD frameworks. This chapter explores and assesses the development of ESD over the past few decades as a formal and nonformal educational policy and practice across world regions, before considering future directions for research and practice.
Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, and the Role of Markets
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjan , Goswami Anandajit
Published: September 2017

This chapter tracks the long path that Development Theory has traversed over the last century. Its origin traces back to the notions of economic growth and development and eventually reached a stage where governments and academics are more concerned with more holistic notions of development than merely growth. Sustainable development has become the most important notion of the day and provides a more comprehensive definition of development, linking ecological services and quality of life with economic growth. Such a paradigm shift in less than a century is no less than a revolution. Expectedly, this shift has been marked by cognitive dissonance, bitter debates, and scholastic antagonism. This chapter traces the story of how the road has been traversed and the shift achieved. It highlights the various theories of economic growth and development and focuses on the debates among economists that have helped the discipline traverse this long way. Finally, this chapter talks of markets. While it has often been understood that markets can promote economic growth, this chapter further emphasizes how markets, under enabling conditions, might be the right catalysts to promote sustainable development.
Enablers of Sustainable Manufacturing Overview, Framework and Further Research Directions
Authors: T. Shibin K.
Published: September 2017

The aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual sustainable manufacturing (SM) framework, which is the pressing need of highly competitive and natural resource scarce world. Systematic literature review has been adopted to identify enablers of SM. The enablers identified through systematic literature review includes product design, material selection & procurement, customer requirements, regulatory norms, social values & ethics, environmental priorities, energy costs, natural resource scarcity, supply chain & logistics systems, fuel price regulations, public awareness, technology and total quality management. Author has attempted to develop a contextual relationship among enablers of SM using interpretive structural modeling. The author has further classified enablers into four categories using MICMAC analysis. The author has also outlined the limitations of present study and identified further research directions.
Green Energy in Data Centers
Authors: Mardamutu Kanahavalli , Ponnusamy Vasaki , Zaman Noor
Published: September 2017

Green energy paradigm has been gaining popularity in the computing system from the software, hardware, infrastructure and application perspectives. Within that concept, data center greening is of utmost importance at the moment since data centers are one of the most energy conserving elements. Data centers are seen as the technology era's black energy-swallowing secret. Reducing energy consumption at data centers can reduce carbon footprint effect tremendously. Not addressing the issue immediately will lead to significant energy usage by data centers and will hinder the growth of data centers. The call for sustainable energy efficient data center leads to venturing into data center green computing. The green computing concept can be achieved by using several methods adopted by researchers including renewable energy, virtualization through cloud computing, proper cooling system, identifying suitable location to harvest energy whilst reducing the need for air-conditioning and employing suitable networking and information technology infrastructure. This paper focuses into several approaches used by researches to reduce energy consumption at data centers while deploying efficient database management system. This paper differs from others in the literature by giving some suitable solutions by looking into a hybrid model for green computing in data centers.
Sustainable Development and the Sustainability of Socioeconomic Systems
Authors: Olga Tikhomirova
Published: September 2017

In the current global scenario, it is essential to ensure the stability and sustainable development of the socioeconomic system. The literature shows that there is so far no clear understanding of the nature of the sustainability and development of socioeconomic system. Systems thinking may be the right approach for the transition to sustainable development, supplying a way to understand the universality of the laws of development. This theoretical paper shows how the management of firms can be based on the universal laws of evolution and development
Promoting Healthy Lifestyle for Sustainable Development
Authors: Bozkurt Filiz , Ergen Ahu
Published: September 2017

Economic growth, environment, and health are three significant aspects of sustainable development. Nowadays, lifestyle is increasingly evaluated as one of the most important factors influencing health. As increasing health expenditure is an important problem for sustainable development, it is essential to examine the society in terms of their health-related habits and promote healthy lifestyle to support sustainable development. In this chapter, healthy lifestyle of highly educated Istanbulites is researched. The respondents are classified into three distinct clusters according to their healthy lifestyles as “young and single individuals with low healthy lifestyle tendency.” “young and middle-aged individuals consuming natural food,” and “elderly, married adults leading healthy lifestyles.” Afterwards, analyzing the data by ANOVA and post-hoc tests, it is found that respondents in different clusters have significantly different green consumer values and health motivations. Finally, theoretical and managerial discussions are provided and some recommendations are made for academicians and practitioners.
Environmental and Economic Impacts of Wave Energy
Authors: Akar Sevda , Akdoğan Dilek Akbaş
Published: September 2017

The wave energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources and it has many advantages compared to other renewable energies. First, it is more reliable. Second, the cost of wave energy is competitive with other sources when it is used as a primary power source. Third, its energy density and deployment potential are higher than the wind and solar energy. Fourth, the wave energy has minor negative environmental impacts and production amount of the wave energy is more predictable. In the study, the applications of wave energy production are discussed in European Union countries in which have started to operate wave energy, recently. It is also tried to evaluate the feasibility of wave energy production opportunities in Turkey. As a result of the study, it can be said that the Black Sea has the highest wave energy potential in Turkey. Industrial production of wave energy actualized by fiscal incentives and this may lead to many social benefits such as increasing employment, reducing external dependency and diminishing greenhouse gases emission.
Are University Lecturers Literate in Sustainability?
Authors: Kokkarinen Noora , Cotgrave Alison J.
Published: September 2017

An extensive body of knowledge exists about students and education for sustainable development; though very little can be found for educators. This chapter will review existing literature and relate how it is relevant for educators to be sustainability literate in order to promote the skill among students. A purely qualitative approach was used for this study. Eleven lecturers were interviewed in order to ascertain their level of sustainability knowledge. The interview transcripts were analysed using phenomenography. Findings indicate that built environment academics were particularly literate in sustainability matters. Recommendations as to how other institutions can assess the sustainable literacy level of educators are made.
Sustainable Consumption Trends in the World in the Context of Green Economy and Sustainability
Authors: Yıldırım Seda , Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı , Gedikli Ayfer
Published: September 2017

Nowadays, sustainable growth and development are main economic policies for the countries all over the world. Decreasing natural resources, deepening environmental pollution and global warming problems are red alert of our planet. Every single country on the earth has the responsibility to protect our planet. So, increasing environmental awareness caused new tendencies in consumer behaviors. Countries aim not to pollute or harm the environment while improving their economic performance and life quality by green economy. Besides, by sustainable consumption, it is aimed to support personal sustainable development. In this context, sustainable consumption trends and the reflections of green economy applications in the world will be discussed in this chapter. In addition, developed countries and developing countries will be compared with each other through results of global ecological footprint.
Teachers and Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Quiroz Rivera Samantha Analuz , Rodríguez Gallegos Ruth
Published: September 2017

Mathematics cannot be reduced to the use of algorithms. The main objective of teaching mathematics in school is their application in real world situations. Mathematical modeling was born as an answer of this concerned and implies the relation between mathematics and applications. Because of that, teachers need to be correctly training in the use of mathematical modeling in their daily lesson plans. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology for help teachers purchase mathematical modeling as a strategy to teach mathematics. Our methodology is based on the analysis of teachers' conceptions about learning and teaching mathematics and after that promote their evolution. The main characteristic is the collaborative work between teachers and the researcher in cycles of discussion and classes' implementation. The evidence showed that teachers can actually change their conceptions about what is needed for teaching mathematics and design lesson plans using mathematical modeling.
Learner-Interface Interactions With Mobile-Assisted Learning in Mathematics
Authors: Bringula Rex P. , Alvarez John Nikko , Evangelista Maron Angelo , So Richard B.
Published: September 2017

This study attempted to determine the effects on mathematics performance of learner-interface interaction with mobile-assisted learning in mathematics. It also determined the relationship between these interactions and students' mathematics performance. It revealed that students solved more complex problems as they went through the intervention period, and that they solved more than 50% of the problems correctly. Participants had little prior knowledge of linear equations. However, after the intervention period, students achieved a normalized class learning gain of 41%, which was higher than the 30% minimum. Testing of difference between means confirmed that the difference between posttest and pretest scores was significant. Most of the skill sets were correlated with time used in solving linear equations. Moreover, identifying equivalent mathematical expressions required all three forms of learner-interaction, for students to become familiar with this skill. Recommendations future studies are presented.
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Computer Uses on Student Success in Math
Authors: Kim Sunha , Chang Mido , Choi Namok , Park Jeehyun , Kim Heejung
Published: September 2017

To promote the academic success of middle school students, the authors examined the effects of computer uses on mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics performance of students, paying focused attention to immigrant students. They analysed the effects of computer use for schoolwork and gaming of middle school students applying a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) USA. The results showed that when students frequently used computer for schoolwork, they revealed high mathematics self-efficacy, which in turn led to high mathematics performance. On the other hand, the students that used computer for gaming frequently indicated low mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics performance. The authors' study results highlight the importance of guiding students to use computers properly, which is directly and indirectly associated with students' self-efficacy and performance in mathematics.
Technology-Supported Inquiry in STEM Teacher Education
Authors: Milner-Bolotin Marina
Published: September 2017

The chapter describes the implementation of collaborative educational technologies in STEM teacher education to support teacher-candidates in acquiring inquiry-based teaching skills and positive attitudes about inquiry learning. The focus is on five different collaborative technology-enhanced pedagogies: (1) Peer Instruction, (2) collaborative design of conceptual questions with PeerWise, (3) data-driven STEM inquiry via using live data collection and analysis, (4) computer modeling-enhanced inquiry, and (5) collaborative reflection on peer teaching. Teacher-candidates experienced these pedagogical approaches first as learners, then reflected on them as future teachers, and lastly incorporated some of them during the practicum. As a result, teacher-candidates gained experience in promoting technology-enhanced inquiry in STEM education and began developing positive attitudes towards technology-enhanced inquiry-based STEM education.
The Effect of Fiber Surface Treatment on the Water Absorption and Morphological Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Kenaf Composites
Authors: Pang Ai Ling , Hanafi Ismail , Bakar Azhar Abu
Published: September 2017

The effect of untreated and treated (chromium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate) kenaf (KNF) on the water uptake and morphological properties of linear low density polyethylene/poly(vinyl alcohol)/kenaf (LLDPE/PVOH/KNF) composites was studied. The composites were prepared by using an internal mixer (Haake Polydrive) at 150 °C and 50 rpm for 10 min. The results showed that the untreated composites tend to absorb greater amount of water compared to the treated composites. This shows that the chromium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate treatment on KNF had improved the interfacial adhesion between KNF and LLDPE/PVOH matrices. Consequently, the capability of water absorption by the treated composites was reduced. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) result shows that lesser traces of filler pull-out and better filler-matrix interfacial adhesion were observed in the tensile fractured surfaces of treated composites.
Effect of Nanocellulose Loading on Tensile Properties of Nitrile Rubber
Authors: Abdul Rashid Erfan Suryani , Yehye Wageeh Abdulhadi , Muhd Julkapli Nurhidayatullaili , Abdul Hamid Sharifah Bee O.A.
Published: September 2017

Nanocellulose (NCC) is incorporated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) latex with the composition 0 to 5 phr using dipping method. Mechanical properties of NBR/NCC composites using tensile test was used to characterize their mechanical performance and the fracture surfaces post tensile test were studied. The tensile strength of NBR/NCC composites increase significantly with the addition of nanocellulose. This could be anticipated due to the presence of Van der Waals interaction between hydrophilic natures of nanocellulose with hydrophobic of NBR consequently limits the tearing propagation. The result was supported with the fracture surfaces morphology viewed under Fourier Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).
Surface Modification of Poly(Lactic Acid) Microspheres via Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Ninaya Zahroh Hasanah Augustini , Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul
Published: September 2017

Irradiation technique is one of methods used in modification of polymer surface although it has been used in sterilization for decades. It allows establishing simple and compact technique, non-contaminated with residues of toxic initiators, crossing agents or other additives. This study is to evaluate the effects of different gamma (γ) irradiation doses on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) microsphere surface grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH). Source of γ-irradiation used is 60Co and dose irradiation used in this study is10, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 kGy. Characterization was performed on samples before and after irradiation by FTIR, SEM and DSC. Results of FTIR suggest maleic anhydride successfully grafted onto PLA microsphere. Data from DSC shows thermal property of PLA changed after irradiation where the crystallization is increased compared to neat PLA. SEM images showed the difference of the PLA microspheres before and after γ irradiation. Neat PLA microspheres had a smooth surface, while after irradiation, the surface become rough. Degradation of microspheres observed by SEM as in suggest that PLA microspheres is degrade by bulk degradation. Gamma irradiation not only modified the surface of PLA microspheres by successfully grafting the maleic anhydride and increase surface roughness, it also affected the bulk properties of PLA microspheres.
Surface Morphology and Hydrophilicity Evaluation of PLA Microspheres Treated with Boronhydride (NaBH4) at Different Concentrations
Authors: Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul , Ali Nurfatihin
Published: September 2017

In drug delivery system, a controlled drug delivery carrier is favorable to ensure the delivery of drug at suitable and required rate and dosage to the targeted area. Microsphere is one of the approaches used to deliver drug in a controlled manner. A biodegradable poly (lactic) acid (PLA) has been used widely for drug delivery due to the fact that the polymer was non-toxic with a biodegradable property. Therefore, PLA microspheres were utilized in this research works. On the other hand, the major drawback of PLA is its extremely hydrophobic properties which limit its application in drug delivery system. In order to overcome this problem, surface modification via alkaline hydrolysis has been made on PLA. This research investigated the effect of surface modification with sodium boronhydride (NaBH4) at different concentrations and temperatures on the properties of PLA microspheres. The enhancement of hydrophilicity of PLA microspheres has been evaluated using FTIR and SEM. From these evaluations, it was found that the hydrophilicity of PLA microspheres had increased as the concentration of NaBH4 and temperature increased.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiO2 Coatings Prepared by Plasma Spray Technique
Authors: Siti Mariam Mohamad , Ahmad Fauzi M.N. , Ahmad Nizam Abdullah
Published: September 2017

Plasma spray technique is used to produce coatings with excellent hardness, wear resistance and strong adhesion. TiO2 coatings were prepared by plasma spraying at low plasma power.TiO2 powder with anatase phase structure was used to prepare the coatings. The effect of plasma spraying parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings showed that the coatings were formed by fully and partially melted particles. The coatings dominant phase is rutile and only a few coatings contained traces of anatase phase. The hardness and adhesion strength of the coatings were tested using Vickers microhardness and pull-off adhesion tester. The adhesion strength obtained was between 10-20 MPa and the microhardness result is between 300 - 800 Hv. The spraying parameters such as input power, spraying distance and plasma gas ratio influenced the properties of the produced coatings.
Morphology of CuO-Doped Activated Carbon from Kenaf Core Fiber
Authors: Shamsuddin Mohd Shafiq , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan , Yusoff Mahani , Subki Noor Syuhadah
Published: September 2017

Mechanochemical process was conducted to synthesis a series of metal oxide doped biomass carbon source followed by carbothermal reduction which obtained via the reaction between activated carbon (AC) and CuO precursor. Microstructure of single AC and CuO-doped activated carbon was conducted using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Thermal behavior was studied using thermogravimetric analyser and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA and DSC) and crystallinity phase was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that mechanochemical process and carbothermal reduction to synthesis CuO-doped AC have a significant effect in term of surface morphology, thermal decomposition and crystallinity. A significant difference of the surface morphology between AC and CuO-AC samples were observed. TGA/DSC analysis revealed that doping of CuO to AC has affected the exothermic and endothermic reaction of the samples. Doping of CuO to AC also brought a significant increase in the degree of crystallinity due to the carbothermal reduction of CuO into Cu. Production of CuO-doped AC was successfully characterized and revealed the potential enhancement for waste treatment.
Effect of Sintering Heating Rate on CaCu3Ti4O12 Formation
Authors: Mohamed Julie Juliewatty , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Saari Muhammad Qusyairie , Zain Munirah Muhammad , Sharif Shafiza Afzan , Abdul Karim Saniah , Mokhtar Ahmad Kamil Fakhruddin , Mohamad Hasmaliza , Ain Mohd Fadzil , Ab Rahman Mohd Fariz , Bahanurdin Fatin Khairah
Published: September 2017

CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) is an electroceramic material with complex cubic perovskite-like oxide. It possessed a giant dielectric constant of about 105 over a wide temperature range (100-600 K). In this work, CCTO was synthesized through solid state method. The effect of different heating rate during sintering process was studied. The raw materials - CaCO3, CuO and TiO2 were wet ball milled for 24 hours and calcined at 900 °C for 10 hours. Then the calcined powder was pressed into pellet shape at 300 MPa. Sintering was done at 1040 °C for 12 hours with different heating rates: 3, 5 and 10 °C/min. The phase formation and surface morphology was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), respectively. The density was measured by Archimedes Principle. XRD pattern proves the CCTO single phase formation for the calcined powder and sintered pellet. The SEM images show the different grain size for different heating rate. The density of the pellet was found to be reduced when faster sintering heating rate was used.
Microstructural, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of CCTO/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Abdul Karim Saniah , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Masri Mohamad Najmi , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Ain Mohd Fadzil
Published: September 2017

An attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between different composition of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO)/epoxy to the microstructural, dielectric and mechanical properties respectively. CCTO powder had been produced through solid state reaction method using CaCO3, CuO and TiO2 as the raw materials. They were mixed at stoichiometric ratio and calcined at 1040°C for 10 hours. CCTO powder mixed with epoxy and hardener at different weight percentage (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%). Microstructure of fracture surface of the composite had been studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and mechanical characterization had been conducted using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). LCR meter Agilent 4284A was used to measure the dielectric properties at 20 Hz to 1 MHz. Increasing CCTO concentration to the composite caused a significant change of dielectric constant which arised from 17.1 to 23.5 at 1 kHz. This arising due to higher concentration of CCTO filler transfer more intrinsic values to the composite. Tensile test shows an increment to stress value from 4 to 17 MPa as the respond on increasing of ceramic filler concentration. High stiffness of CCTO have increased the strength of the composite. The dispersion of higher weight percentage of the CCTO into the epoxy is more compacted than the dispersion of lower weight percentage of CCTO. It is best to mix the higher amount of filler into the polymer matrix to increase the dielectric and strength of the composite material.
Electron Microscopy Studies on the Growth of Well-Aligned NiSi/SiC Core-Shell Nanowires Synthesized by HWCVD
Authors: binti Hamzan Najwa , Omar Muhammad Firdaus , Ming Huang Nay , Goh Boon Tong
Published: September 2017

Well-aligned NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires were grown on Ni-coated p-type crystal Si (100) substrates by using hot-wires chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique. The growth of the nanowires was performed at a substrate temperature of 450°C and facilitated by a hot-filament at a temperature above 1800°C. Electron microscopy characterizations were employed to investigate the morphology, and microstructure properties of the nanowires. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that the nanowires were structured by single crystalline NiSi and amorphous SiC as the core and shell respectively. Moreover, the TEM images showed presence of 3C-SiC nano-crystallites embedded within an amorphous matrix in the shell.
Formation of Cobalt Doped Zinc Oxide Photocatalyst for Methyl Orange Degradation
Authors: Abu Bakar Farah Iddayu , Birang Katerina Anak , Mohd Adnan Mohd Azam , Abd Razak Jeefferie , Ismail Syahriza
Published: September 2017

The formation of cobalt (Co) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) as photocatalyst for photodegradation of methyl orange dye was investigated. The ZnO photocatalyst was produced with different concentration of Co by using sol gel method. The hexagonal wurtzite and zincite structure were successfully formed through this method. The morphological observation of nanorod and nanodisk structure formed was done by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). While, the structural properties of Co doped ZnO were identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The degradation performance of methyl orange was assessed and performance of photocatalytic activity was correlated to the amount of dopant level and oxygen vacancy of photocatalyst. There is an optimum amount of Co that can be doped into ZnO nanostructure in order to provide better degradation of methyl orange.
Fabrication of Carbonate Apatite Based on Hydrothermal Reaction Using Freeze-Casted β-TCP Precursor
Authors: Mamat Normahira , Jaafar Mariatti , Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul
Published: September 2017

Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) has similarity to biological bone in composition which is expected to induce excellent tissue response and osteoconductivity. CO3Ap with lower crystallinity also promotes more apatite absorption in vivo. This study aims to fabricate low crystallinity of carbonate apatite from β-TCP scaffold as precursor using hydrothermal treatment at 200oC. An interconnected structure of β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated by freeze casting method which immersed in 5 mol/L of disodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution for hydrothermal with various days of treatment; 3, 5 and 7 days. The morphology of apatite transformed was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while the crystallinity was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The carbonate content and Ca/P ratio after hydrothermal were obtained by CHN analyzer and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), respectively. The results show that carbonate content higher than 11 wt% was obtained which is important for both cell adhesion and proliferation. The apatite structure in the form of needle-like crystal is also observed.
Effect of Different Solutions on Hydrothermal Treatment of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold
Authors: Darus Fadilah , Jaafar Mariatti
Published: September 2017

Carbonate apatite would be ideal for bone substitute due to its composition of 4-8% carbonate similar to bone mineral. The purpose of the present study was to produce carbonate apatite scaffold by using hydrothermal treatment of β-TCP scaffold as a precursor. The effect of different solutions on hydrothermal treatment was studied. The microstructure of scaffold before and after hydrothermal were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that surface characteristics are governed by the types of immersion solution. The typical smooth surface of the β-TCP scaffold was observed before hydrothermal. Different morphology was observed after hydrothermal in different solutions. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that the peak of apatite with low intensities present after hydrothermal treatment in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
Effect of Pressure and Temperature in Solid State Sintering Approach Producing Porous Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics
Authors: Jaafar Farah , Othman Radzali , Mohd Noor Ahmad Fauzi
Published: September 2017

Porous Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) is recognized as a good biomaterial having excellent biocompatibility, biodegrability and bioresorbability. Some of the techniques to produce porous β-TCP, are replica technique (polymeric sponge method), sacrificial template method and direct forming method, however, these methods are complicated and can be costly. In this study, solid state sintering was adopted to form porous TCP as a new approach to overcome these problems. TCP bioceramic was prepared by mixing calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and calcium carbonate. The powders were pressed into pellet form with four different pressures; 10, 20, 30 and 40 MPa. Then, the pellets were sintered at 1100°C to 1400°C and subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), density and porosity measurement, diametral tensile strength test (DTS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation. β-TCP phase was maintained at 1100°C and 1200°C whilst α-TCP phase had formed as second phase above 1300°C. The highest apparent porosity (60.93%) was obtained at 10 MPa and 1100°C sintering temperature, with the density of 1.12 g/cm3. The DTS values were in the range of 0.31 to 3.78 MPa in with lower DTS values were obtained at low compaction pressure and sintering temperature. Interconnected pores with high level porosity were observed at the fracture surfaces of the sintered pellets. Intraporosity was also observed. In conclusion, TCP bioceramics with interconnected pores were produced via solid state reaction; however, more work is required to improve the level of porosity.
A model of collaboration between nursing education institutions in the North West Province of South Africa
Authors: Direko Kathleen K. , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu
Published: September 2017

Background: Professional nursing in South Africa is obtained through a 4-year diploma offered at nursing colleges, or a 4-year degree in universities, and the South African Nursing Council (SANC) registered both for professional nursing. New SANC legislation now requires a bachelor’s degree for registration as professional nurse.Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore and describe perceptions of nurse educators and stakeholders to develop a model of collaboration for joint education and training of nursing professionals by colleges and universities through a bachelor’s degree.Method: A mixed methods approach was used to explore perceptions of nurse educators utilising a questionnaire, and perceptions of other nurse training stakeholders through interviews, about a model of collaboration between the college and the university.Results: Themes that emerged from the interviews included identifying collaboration goals, establishing a conducive environment, maximising exchange of resources, role clarification and perceived challenges. Quantitative results showed high agreement percentages (84.13%–100%) on most basic concepts and themes. A model of collaboration was developed indicating a framework, agents, recipients, procedure, dynamics, and terminus.Conclusion: A model of collaboration was acceptable to the majority of nurse education stakeholders. Other implications are that there was a need for the improvement of scholarship among nurse educators and clinical mentors, sharing rare skills, and addressing perceived challenges.
Eagle syndrome – An overview
Authors: Nedunchezhian Kavitaa
Published: September 2017

Eagle syndrome represents symptoms brought about by compression of vital neurovascular and muscular elements adjoining the styloid process because of the elongation of styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligament. It is crucial for dentists, otolaryngologists and neurologists to be aware of the elongation of the styloid process and associated signs and symptoms. This article reviews the aetiopathogenesis, classification, investigative procedures and treatment modalities associated with Eagle syndrome.
Circulating CD34+ Cell Count is Associated with Extent of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Amish Men, Independent of 10-Year Framingham Risk
Authors: Bielak Lawrence F. , Horenstein Richard B. , Ryan Kathleen A. , Sheedy Patrick F. , Rumberger John A. , Tanner Keith , Post Wendy , Mitchell Braxton D. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Peyser Patricia A.
Published: September 2017

Background

Bone-marrow derived progenitor cells (PCs) may play a role in maintaining vascular health by actively repairing damaged endothelium. The purpose of this study in asymptomatic Old Order Amish men (n = 90) without hypertension or diabetes was to determine if PC count, as determined by CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood, was associated with 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

CD34+ cell count by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, coronary artery calcification (CAC) by electron beam computed tomography, and CVD risk factors were obtained. Carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) also was obtained in a subset of 57 men. After adjusting for 10-year CVD risk, CD34+ cell count was significantly associated with CAC quantity ( p =0.03) and CIMT ( p < 0.0001). A 1-unit increase in natural-log transformed CD34+ cell count was associated with an estimated 55.2% decrease (95% CI: −77.8% to −9.3%) in CAC quantity and an estimated 14.3% decrease (95% CI: −20.1% to −8.1%) in CIMT.

Conclusions

Increased CD34+ cell count was associated with a decrease in extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in multiple arterial beds, independent of 10-year CVD risk. Further investigations of associations of CD34+ cell count with subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals could provide mechanistic insights into the atherosclerotic process.
Antiplatelet Resistance—Does it Exist and how to Measure it?
Authors: Saraf S. , Bensalha I. , Gorog D.A.
Published: September 2017

Aspirin and clopidogrel are the most commonly used antiplatelet agents in patients with coronary artery disease. The existence of resistance to these agents has been a controversial issue and new drugs are being developed to overcome this problem. Laboratory tests, which can identify resistance and correlate this with clinical outcome, are being studied in order to identify patients at risk of future thrombotic events. We discuss the evidence for the existence of antiplatelet resistance—both in the laboratory and in the clinical setting. So far, platelet aggregometry has been considered the gold standard test, but is very operator dependant, time consuming, and has shown little correlation with other available tests of antiplatelet resistance. We discuss the available tests of platelet function, their limitations, and evidence for their use. A simple, rapid, near-patient test, which is affordable and useful in the clinical (not just laboratory) setting, could allow risk stratification of patients and individualization of antiplatelet medication to improve outcome.
The Threshold of Admission Glycemia as a Predictor of Adverse Events in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Garadah Taysir S. , Kassab Salah , Al-Shboul Qasim M. , Alawadi Abdulhai
Published: September 2017

Recent studies indicated a high prevalence of hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the threshold of admission glucose (AG) as a predictor of adverse events in ACS is unclear.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the threshold of admission glucose (AG) as a predictor of adverse events including Major Acute Cardiac Events (MACE) and mortality, during the first week of admitting patients presenting with ACS.

Material and Methods

The data of 551 patients with ACS were extracted and evaluated. Patients were stratified according to their blood glucose on admission into three groups: group 1: <7 mmol/L (n = 200, 36.3%) and group 2: >7 mmol/L and <15 mmol/L (n = 178, 32.3%) and group 3: ≥15 mmol/L (n = 173, 31.4%). Stress hyperglycemia was arbitrarily defined as AG levels > 7 mmol/L (group 2 and 3). Patients with ACS were sub-divided into two groups: patients with unstable angina (UA, n = 285) and those with ST segment elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI, n = 266) and data were analyzed separately using multiple regression analysis.

Results

The mean age of patients was 59.7 ± 14.8 years and 63% were males. The overall mortality in the population was 8.5% (5.4% in STEMI and 3.1% in UA) patients. In STEMI patients, the odds ratio of stress hyperglycemia as predictor of mortality in group 3 compared with group 1 was 3.3 (CI 0.99-10.98, P < 0.05), while in group 2 compared with group 1 was 2.4 (CI: 0.75-8.07, P = 0.065) after adjustment for age and sex. Similarly, in UA patients, the odds ratio of stress hyperglycemia in group 3 compared with group 1 was 2.7 (CI 0.37-18.98, P < 0.05), while in group 2 compared with group 1 was 2.4 (CI: 0.4-15.2, P = 0.344) after adjustment for age and sex. The incidence of more than 2 MACE in both STEMI and UA patients was higher in group 3 compared with the other two groups. Regression analysis showed that history of DM, high level of LDL cholesterol, high level of HbA1c, and anterior infarction were significant predictors of adverse events while other risk factors such as BMI, history of hypertension and smoking were of no significance.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the stress hyperglycemia on admission is a powerful predictor of increased major adverse events and hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome in Two Previously Healthy Adults: A Case-based Review
Authors: Ptaszek Leon M. , Saldana Fidencio , Palacios Igor F. , Wu Sean M.
Published: September 2017

We describe here the clinical manifestations of platypnea-orthodeoxia in two patients with interatrial shunting. In both cases, the patients were asymptomatic prior to developing additional cardiopulmonary issues that apparently enhanced right-to-left intracardiac shunting. The patients were both treated with percutaneously deployed occlusion devices, with excellent results. Symptoms and positional oxygen desaturation resolved after device placement in both cases. In addition, these patients remain symptom-free 30 months after device implantation.
Left Ventricular Rupture Post Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Sersar Sameh I. , Jamjoom Ahmed A.
Published: September 2017

Prevention is better than cure best applies here. As per many authors, posterior leaflet chordae preservation prevent Left ventricular rupture (LVR) and preserve LV geometry. We are presenting here 5 types of left ventricular rupture (LVR) post Mitral valve replacement (MVR) with different methods to repair with the advantages and disadvantages of each. The mortality rate is still very high despite the advances in cardiac surgery. Many therapeutic approaches have been adopted. Yet, none is ideal.
Stress Cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy)
Authors: Khouri Samer , Imran Naser
Published: September 2017

Background

Due to the rise in the number of reports of stress cardiomyopathy in the literature, awareness of this condition is increasing. Although different names have been used to describe this condition, the similarities in clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic features suggest that they represent the same spectrum of diseases with different underlying causes. The pathophysiology of stress cardiomyopathy remains controversial.

Methods

We describe a series of four cases of stress cardiomyopathy admitted to our institution over a period of six months with different presentations, but similar clinical course, EKG, echocardiographic, and catheterization findings. The ages ranged from 22 to 81 years; all four females. All showed characteristic wall motion abnormalities by imaging in the absence of significant coronary artery disease, with spontaneous recovery of left ventricular function with conservative therapy.

Results

Although the patients presented with different clinical scenarios, all four showed characteristic features of stress cardiomyopathy suggesting that the pathophysiology affecting the myocardium was the same. We present a review of the literature with a discussion of the history of this condition, characteristic clinical features, and diagnostic criteria used in the past as well as the suggested pathophysiology of this condition.

Conclusion

Stress cardiomyopathy is an underdiagnosed reversible cardiomyopathy triggered by severe emotional or physical stress. It represents a spectrum of conditions with reversible severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction that includes neurogenic cardiomyopathy. It is not confined to the Japanese population and can affect people of any ethnic background or nationality.
Cilnidipine and Telmisartan Similarly Improves Vascular Damage in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Kaneshiro Yuki , Ichihara Atsuhiro , Sakoda Mariyo , Kurauchi Asako , Takemitsu Tomoko , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: September 2017

This study was designed to compare the effects of 12-month blood pressure (BP) control using cilnidipine and telmisartan on vascular damage in untreated hypertensive patients. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to either a cilnidipine group or a telmisartan group. The extent of vascular damage was assessed before and after treatment by measuring urinary albumin excretion (UAE), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries in each patient. Both drugs similarly decreased BP without altering plasma markers for oxidative stress or inflammation. Both UAE and PWV were significantly improved in both groups, but IMT was significantly reduced only in the cilnidipine group. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the UAE may have decreased as a result of a reduction in intraglomerular pressure caused by telmisartan or by efferent arteriolar dilation caused by cilnidipine. In addition, the PWV may have decreased as a result of the improvement in lipid metabolism caused by telmisartan or the reduction in plasma levels of aldosterone caused by cilnidipine. However, the analyses could not identify any definitive causal relationships or suggest the mechanism responsible for the improvement in IMT caused by cilnidipine. Thus, telmisartan and cilnidipine have unique properties for inhibiting vascular complications.
Effects of Nebivolol on Endothelial Function and Exercise Parameters in Patients with Slow Coronary Flow
Authors: Tiryakioglu Selma , Tiryakioglu Osman , Ari Hasan , Basel Mehmet C. , Bozat Tahsin
Published: September 2017

Objective

Earlier studies have reported that a decrease in exercise capacity might indicate endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects of improvement of endothelial functions on exercise capacity have not been evaluated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of nebivolol on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and on the exercise capacities of the patients with slow coronary flow (SCF).

Methods

The study population included 25 subjects with SCF (Group 1) documented by the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count, and 25 control group (Group 2) subjects with normal coronary angiography, for a total of 50 subjects who underwent coronary angiography due to several indications and had no coronary lesion. The TIMI frame count (TFC) values of the subjects in Group I for left anterior descending artery, right coronary, and circumflex coronary artery were 61.8 ± 30.6, 37.2 ± 17.4, and 34.6 ± 17.4, respectively. All the subjects received nebivolol 5 mg/day.

Results

At the end of the first month of FMD, the mean exercise duration (MED) and the Duke Scores of the patients with SCF were significantly higher than the baseline values. However, the values by the sixth month did not differ from that at the first month. Although a numerical improvement compared to the baseline values was observed for the subjects in Group 2 by the measurements at the end of the first and the sixth month, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Nebivolol treatment increases FMD in the subjects with SCF. The difference in the exercise parameters of these subjects is particularly dramatic, and such an outcome may indirectly indicate long-term improvement in endothelial function.