bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propagation of Magnolia Grandiflora (L.) Cuttings as Related to Age and Growth Regulators1
Authors: Perry Fred B. , Vines H. M.
Published: August 2022

Southern Magnolia, Magnolia grandiflora (L.), cuttings are difficult or impossible to root without growth regulators. Age of parent plant, terminal or lateral source of wood and specific growth regulators are factors in rootability.

The best growth regulator and concn was 2.0% IBA followed in decreasing effectiveness by 0.8% IBA, 0.1% Chloromone, 10 ppm 2,4-D, and 20 ppm 2,4-D. Young tissue produced a higher percentage of rooted cuttings than old tissue at all growth regulator concn tried. Also in young tissue, terminal shoots produced a higher percentage rooted cuttings than lateral shoots, while in old tissue the opposite was true.
Brussels Sprouts Growth and Yields as Influenced by Succinic Acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide1
Authors: Tompkins D. R. , Norton R. A. , Woodbridge C. G.
Published: August 2022

‘Jade Cross’ Brussels sprouts plants treated once with a foliar spray of 3000-4500 ppm succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) when the first 5-6 sprouts were 1.9 cm in diam were shorter, more uniform, and had yields equal to untreated plants. Treated plants, were about the same ht and yielded as well as plants where the terminal bud was removed (topped) by hand. Earlier maturity was obtained by treating plants with SADH at an earlier stage, but yields per plant were reduced. These sprouts, however, had higher levels of Ca and, generally, higher levels of Mn. Plants treated with 4500 ppm SADH, early or late, had medium size sprouts that were firmer than sprouts of the same size from untreated or topped plants.
Resistance to Drosophila Oviposition in Field Plots of Two Tomato Breeding Lines1
Authors: Stoner Allan K. , Mason Horatio C. , Otto Brian E.
Published: August 2022

Two tomato breeding lines were shown to differ significantly in resistance to Drosophila in field tests. Over a 6-week period approx 18% more Drosophila were trapped in field plots containing plants of line 68B136 than in those containing 68B8. The field results were corroborated by laboratory tests on ripe fruits which indicated that 68B136 was more attractive for oviposition than 68B8.
Effects of Clip vs. Snap Harvest of Avocados on Ripening and Weight Loss1
Authors: Eaks Irving L.
Published: August 2022

Avocado fruits of cvs. Bacon, Fuerte, Hass, and Zutano were harvested by clipping (stem in) or snapping (stem removed) and placed directly at 20°C. The 2 harvest methods showed no significant differences within each cultivar in the percentage wt loss or ripening rate. Clipped and snapped ‘Fuerte’ avocados stored at 5°C for 2, 3, or 4 weeks and transferred to 20°C showed similar rates of wt loss, ripening and respiration for the respective storage periods. Storage at 5°C tended to reduce the rate of ripening at 20°C. The respiratory patterns at 20°C for snapped and clipped ‘Fuerte’ placed directly at 20°C or held at 5°C for 2, 3, or 4 weeks were similar within each storage treatment. ‘Fuerte’ stored at 5°C displayed peak respiration rates 18 to 24 hr after transfer to 20°C and then a decreasing rate without a subsequent rise associated with ripening.
Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization of Roses on Oldsmar Fine Sand1
Authors: Young T. W. , Snyder G. H. , Martin F. G. , Hayslip N. C.
Published: August 2022

‘Christian Dior’ and ‘Happiness’ roses on Rosa fortuniana stock, fertilized with 3 rates each of N, P, and K factorially combined, were grown for 3 years at Ft. Pierce, Florida. All fertilizer was applied at the beginning of the experiment under plastic mulch just before the bushes were planted. About 2300 lb./A of N on ‘Christian Dior’ and 2100 lb. on ‘Happiness’ produced the greatest number of flowers. Leaf N at 18 months was also maximized by 2100 lb. N. Nitrogen levels maximizing stem lengths were slightly lower. The independent effects of P were minor and low levels best, perhaps because residual soil P at start of the study was adequate. Flower production decreased with K fertilization beyond low rates, whereas stem lengths increased to a max at about 1700 lb./A. At times, various nutrient interactions were noted. ‘Christian Dior’ consistently yielded more flowers than ‘Happiness’. With minor exceptions, ‘Happiness’ had longer stems.
Iron Induced Manganese Deficiency in ‘July Elberta’ Peach Trees1
Authors: Rogers Ewell
Published: August 2022

Sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxphenylacetate) at 113.4 g per tree depressed the concn of Mn, Zn, P, K, and N in ‘July Elberta’ peach leaves and reduced Fe chlorosis. At 226.8 g, the chelate increased the concn of Fe; depressed the concn of Mn, Zn, and K; and reduced Fe chlorosis in the leaves. The Mn-Fe ratio remained essentially the same in the leaves as the season progressed where no fertilizer was applied; whereas, the 226.8 g rate of FeNa2-EDDHA reduced the ratio. There were no discernable treatment effects on trunk and shoot growth.
Tolerance to Melon Aphid in Cucumis melo L.1
Authors: Bohn G. W. , Kishaba A. N. , Principe J. A. , Toba H. H.
Published: August 2022

Resistance to the western biotypes of Aphis gossypii Glover in Cucumis melo L. breeding line LJ 90234 (inbred of P.I. 371395 from India) included tolerance expressed as freedom from curling of leaves following aphid infestation. The flat and curled phenotypes in progenies from a cross of this line with cv. PMR 45 were differentiated by a single gene, melon aphid tolerance (Ag, Aphis gossypii tolerance) with flat leaves dominant. Tolerance expressed as nearly normal ht of F1 and some F2 plants following mass infestation appeared to be less simply inherited. Its measurement was masked by inherent variation in growth rate and environmental factors including variation in insect attack.

LJ 90230, selected from P.I. 161375 from Korea, was stunted by the aphid but its leaves remained free from curl. F2 hybrids from the cross 90234 × 90230 were free from curl but they varied in stunting after aphid attack. Single-peaked distribution curves for ht suggested complex inheritance of tolerance. LJ 90254, selected from P.I. 255478 from Korea, possessed tolerance to aphids expressed as freedom from stunting and curling. F2 plants from the cross 90234 × 90254 were free from curl but varied in ht after aphid attack. The single-peaked distribution curves suggested complex inheritance of tolerance.
Relationship of a Non-Lethal Reaction to a Virulent Isolate of Lettuce Mosaic Virus and Turnip Mosaic Susceptibility in Lettuce1
Authors: Zink F. W. , Duffus James E. , Kimble K. A.
Published: August 2022

A mosaic disease of Lactuca sativa L. is described and the causal agent identified as a new virulent isolate of lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). The reservoir of infection was bristly oxtongue, Picris echioides L. Lactuca sativa L. cvs. Gallega, Calmar, Imperial 410, and Bibb systemically infected with virulent LMV did not transmit the virus through the seed. A survey of L. sativa cultivars indicated that the non-lethal reaction to the virulent isolate was restricted in the crisphead type to cultivars that are turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) susceptible, and downy mildew-resistant. A similar relationship was found in L. serriola lines. The non-lethal reaction was conferred by dominant complementary genes. ‘Gallega’, reported to be resistant to common LMV, was found to be susceptible to systemic infection by the virulent LMV isolate.
Inheritance and Linkage of Turnip Mosaic Virus and Downy Mildew (Bremia lactucae) Reaction in Lactuca serriola1
Authors: Zink F. W. , Duffus James E.
Published: August 2022

Data for resistance in Lactuca serriola L. to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and downy mildew were obtained from 5 F2 progenies of crosses between TuMV-susceptible, mildew-resistant, and TuMV-resistant, mildew-susceptible parents. The F1 progeny were TuMV and mildew-resistant. Of 1,103 F2 plants assayed 823 were TuMV-resistant and 280 TuMV-susceptible. A total of 834 mildew-resistant plants were observed, and 269 mildew-susceptible. Resistance to TuMV and mildew are each controlled by a single dominant allele, designated Tu and Dm, respectively. The TuMV gene, Tu tu, is linked with the mildew gene, Dm dm. In the repulsion phase, the crossover value was 12.0% ± 2.9. F2 progenies of crosses between TuMV-susceptible, mildew-resistant L. serriola and TuMV-susceptible, mildew-resistant L. sativa cv. ‘Calmar’ or ‘Imperial 410’, and crosses among cv. ‘Calmar’, ‘Imperial 410’, and ‘E-4’, indicated they possessed the same dominant allele for mildew-resistance, and the same recessive allele for TuMV-susceptibility.
Pecan Nutlet Set and Carbohydrate Level of Various Tissues in the Spring as Affected by Fungicide Sprays1
Authors: Worley Ray E.
Published: August 2022

Fentin hydroxide and benomyl increased nutlet set in 1969 but not in 1970. Fungicide sprays had little effect on starch content of wood tissue in late March of the year following application. Starch and sugar content of 6 wood tissues in March and nutlet set was not associated with leaf scorch index the previous fall. Starch content of wood tissues in late March ranked as follows from greatest to least: Roots > 2.5 cm diam, trunk, scaffold limbs, new wood, 1-year-old wood, and roots < 1.3 cm diam. Soluble sugar content ranked: Roots < 1.3 cm diam, 1-year-old wood, new wood, roots > 2.5 cm diam, trunk, and scaffold limbs.
Characterization of Anthocyanins During Ripening of Fruit of Vaccinium corymbosum, L. Cv. Wolcott1
Authors: Makus Donald J. , Ballinger Walter E.
Published: August 2022

Anthocyanins (Acy) in ripening blueberry fruit of the cv. Wolcott were identified and their amounts estimated spectrophotometrically. Fifteen Acy, all combinations of Mv, Pt, Pn, Dp, and Cy with glu, gal, or arab4 in the 3-position were found in unripe, red fruit. Ripe and overripe fruit contained all these Acy except Pn-gal. Cy-glu and Cy-gal comprised about 40% of the total Acy in unripe fruit, while Mv-glu and Mv-gal constituted about 60% in the overripe fruit. The relative proportions of 3-glucosides, 3-galactosides, and 3-arabinosides remained fairly constant throughout fruit ripening.
Levels and Sites of Metabolically Active Calcium in Apple Fruit1
Authors: Faust Miklos , Klein Joshua D.
Published: August 2022

Detectable calcium accumulation of the tissue started at 10−3M of the bathing solution and increased with increasing concentrations thereafter. Calcium solutions of 10−3 to 10−1M were effective in inducing metabolic changes in tissue: they decreased respiration and increased protein synthesis. Much of the accumulated Ca (90%) could be exchanged from the tissue with Mg without changing the metabolic effect of the Ca. Although high concentration of Ca was needed to move metabolically active Ca into the site of its action, most of the Ca accumulated on exchange sites was metabolically inactive.
Movement of 14C in Cut Roses and Carnations After Uptake of 14C-Sucrose
Authors: Sacalis John N. , Durkin Dominic
Published: August 2022

In the paper by John N. Sacalis and Dominic Durkin, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97(4):481-484, 1972, an erroneous list of numbers was given in Table 3 (on page 484) to represent radioactivity in c.p.m. The corrected Table appears below, and can be clipped and pasted over Table 3 in Vol. 97(4):484.
Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach as Influenced by Leaf Type1
Authors: Maynard Donald N. , Barker Allen V.
Published: August 2022

Spinach, Spinacia oleracea, L., cv. America, Heavy Pack, and Hybrid 424 were grown in sand culture with variable NO3 concentrations from 0.187 to 48 meq/l. The cultivars were representative of savoyed, semisavoyed, and smooth-leaf types, respectively. The plants were harvested when those cultured at 12 and 18 meq NO3/l had obtained approximate market maturity. At this time an array of deficiency, sufficiency, and toxicity symptoms were evident. Great differences in NO3 accumulation and critical NO3 concentrations occurred among cultivars. Critical NO3-N concentrations for the whole leaves of spinach plants were: ‘America’, 0.17%, ‘Heavy Pack’, 0.15%, and ‘Hybrid 424’, 0.045% of their dry weights. Calculations relating spinach consumption and impaired human health suggest that adult health should not be affected even with massive ingestion of spinach.
Displacement of Fertilizer Potassium in Soil Columns with Gypsum1
Authors: Carlson R. M. , Buchanan J. R. , Kapustka T. E. , Uriu K.
Published: August 2022

The correction of K deficiency in fruit trees frequently has not been obtained due to failure of surface applications of fertilizer K to penetrate into root zones. The effectiveness of gypsum, as a displacing agent, to move K downward was studied using soil columns. Postassium applied at the surface accumulated in a shallow zone of K-rich soil. Increasing amounts of gypsum resulted in displacing the K to both a greater depth and a broader zone in the soil.
Indoleacetic Acid Metabolism in Cuttings of Plum (Prunus cerasifera × P. munsoniana cv. Marianna 2624)1
Authors: Ryugo Kay , Breen Patrick J.
Published: August 2022

Treatment of ‘Marianna 2624’ plum cuttings for 7 days with 1-14C-IAA with or without a pretreatment with 4000 ppm indolebutyric acid (IBA) for 5 sec revealed that the synthetic hormone inhibited IAA oxidase activity as measured by the decreased rate of 14CO2 evolution. KOH hydrolysis of different radioactive zones on paper chromatograms derived from alcoholic extractives of cuttings yielded presumptive IAA upon re-chromatography. Likewise, KOH and peptidase treatment of the alcohol insoluble residue yielded a radioactive substance with chromatographic properties characteristic of IAA. The presence of presumptive IAA and ninhydrin-positive substances in the peptidase hydrolyzate indicate that IAA was bound to protein(s). Appreciable radioactivity still remained in the alcohol insoluble residue after protein hydrolysis.
Studies on Lettuce Seed Quality: I. Effect of Seed Size and Weight on Vigor
Authors: Smith O. E. , Welch N. C. , Little T. M.
Published: August 2022

In the paper by O. E. Smith, N. C. Welch, and T. M. Little in J. Amer. Soc. Hort Sci. 98(6):529-533, November 1973, the following changes should be made on page 529, column 2, lines 28 and 35:

Line 28: change “transferred to a 1/15 M” to read “transferred to a 20-fold dilution of a 1/15 M”

Line 35: change “of the pH 7.0 phosphate” to read “of the pH 7.0 dilute phosphate”

If the buffer is used at 1/15 molar, the roots of the young plants will be injured due to the high osmotic strength of the buffer.
Effects of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Lemon1,2
Authors: Koo R. C. J. , Young T. W. , Reese R. L. , Kesterson J. W.
Published: August 2022

Yields and quality were compared on young bearing ‘Bearss’ lemon (Citrus limon L.) trees grown with 3 rates of N and K and 2 levels of soil moisture over a 4-year period. Increased rates of N application increased fruit production, incidence of fruit with scab, and green fruit; and decreased acid content of juice. Potassium applications increased the acid content of juice. Irrigation increased fruit size and decreased the number of green fruit after curing. A leaf N content of 2.2 to 2.6% is suggested for optimum fruit production for ‘Bearss’ lemon under Florida conditions.
Influence of Calcium Concentration in Nutrient Solutions on Breakdown and Nutrient Uptake in ‘Spartan’ Apple1
Authors: Mason J. L. , McDougald J. M.
Published: August 2022

Apple trees, Malus domestica Bork., cv. Spartan, were grown in pots of quartz sand supplied with nutrient solutions and treated with 8, 4, 2 or 1 meq/1 Ca with all other nutrients constant. Fruit was stored and analyzed for 3 years. Twenty-five percent of the fruits from the 1 meq/1 Ca treatment developed senescent breadown of the flesh after storage but only 1% were affected from the 8 meq/1 Ca treatment. Three-year average Ca concentration in the fruit ranged from 131 ppm in the 1 meq/1 Ca treatment to 178 in the 8 meq/1 Ca treatment. Incidence of breakdown increased through the storage season from October until April when little further increase occurred through June. Magnesium and K concn in the fruit increased with decreasing Ca supply in the nutrient solution.
Relationships of Calcium Content to Respiration and Postharvest Condition of Apples1
Authors: Bramlage W. J. , Drake M. , Baker J. H.
Published: August 2022

Postclimacteric respiration of apples (Malus pumila Mill. cv. Baldwin) decreased as peel Ca level increased from 400 to 1300 ppm. The respiratory climacteric occurred simultaneously in fruit of all Ca levels, indicating that maturation was unaffected by these Ca levels. Occurrence of bitter pit was inversely related to Ca levels. Scald, internal breakdown, and decay were more prevalent when peel Ca was below 700 ppm. Fruits were firmer after 5 months storage in 0°C air if Ca was below 700 ppm, although they were larger, yellower, and more susceptible to decay and other disorders than higher Ca fruit.
An Explanation for the Synergistic Interaction of Endothall and Ethephon on Foliar Abscission1
Authors: Sterrett J. P. , Leather G. R. , Tozer W. E.
Published: August 2022

To explain the synergistic interaction on abscission between 7-oxabicyclo(2,2,l)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (endothall) and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), absorption and translocation of foliarly-applied 14C-ethephon alone or together with endothall were determined with (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney) plants using liquid scintillation, autoradiography, and gas chromatography. More l4C-ethephon remained in the treated leaf when applied in combination with endothall than when applied alone. These results suggest that the synergistic interaction between endothall and. ethephon can be attributed to transport inhibition thereby increasing the availability of ethylene for the abscission process.
Ultrastructural Changes in Peach Flower Buds During Rest1
Authors: Feng Yeh , Campbell W. F. , Walker D. R.
Published: August 2022

Electron micrographs of ‘Gleason Elberta’ peach flower buds, Prunus persica (L.). Stobes, during rest indicated only moderate metabolic activity prior to December 20. In the December 27 collection, however, a single membrane-bound body (microbody or lysosome) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were present. Also, the Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) were nearly mature. Heterochromatin disappeared on January 3. By the end of February the number of mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and vesicles had increased markedly. During the first week of March, large nucleopores were observed in the nucleus. These data indicated that bud cells were changing at cold temperatures during winter. Organellar changes were compared to the predicted date for end of rest (13).
Growth and Flowering of Cymbidium Buds Normally Inhibited by Apical Dominance1
Authors: Tran-Thanh-Van M.
Published: August 2022

Lateral buds situated along the stem axis of a Cymbidium pseudobulb show a gradient in their degree of differentiation. It is shown that buds situated on the swollen upper part of the pseudobulb, normally inhibited in their growth and development by apical dominance, are capable of evolving either into floral shoots or into protocorms and vegetative shoots. A new method, both simple and rapid, of clonal multiplication of Cymbidium is described.
Differential Ability of Two Degenerative Sweet Corn Mutants to Stimulate Hybrid Vigor1
Authors: Lachman W. H.
Published: August 2022

A novel procedure was used to test for single locus heterosis in a substantially isogenic background in corn, (Zea mays L.). It was determined that the rd gene and its rdPw allele do not contribute to single locus heterosis for plant height. To explain why C30 induces heterosis in F1 hybrids, while ‘Pee Wee’ is relatively impotent, a hypothesis is proposed to the effect that C30 evolved from P39 by the addition of a mutagenic and heterotic duplicated chromosomal segment when Rd mutated to rd. In turn, ‘Pee Wee’ developed with the loss of the segment at the time rd mutated to rdPw.
Stress Ethylene Production and the Respiration Rate, Internal Atmosphere, Early Growth, and Yield of Ipomoea batatas Plants1
Authors: Paterson D. R.
Published: August 2022

The internal atmosphere extracted from the basal 6 inches of sweet potato plants held for one minute at 48°C in tap water was higher in ethylene (C2H4) and oxygen (O2) and lower in carbon dioxide (CO2) than similar samples from untreated plant material. This increase in endogenous C2H4 content of treated sweet potato slips was accompanied by increases in respiration rate, early growth and total root yield at harvest. C2H4 content, respiration rate, early growth and yield appeared to be essentially quadratic functions of treatment time at 48°C. Maximum values for the above parameters occurred after treatment for 1 to 2 minutes at 48°C.
Soil Oxygen and Phytophthora spp. Root Infestation Effects on the Protein and Free Amino Acids in Lemon and Orange Leaves1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Stolzy L. H. , Handy M. F.
Published: August 2022

Citrus leaves from plants supplied with low soil oxygen showed a decreased sum of protein amino acids, while the free amino acids sum increased. Leaves from Phytophthora spp. infested plants contained a higher free amino acids sum than uninfested. The orange leaves, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Atwood navel, contained a higher sum of protein amino acids than lemon leaves, Citrus limon L. Burm. cv. Prior Lisbon, although both of these species were budded on sweet orange rootstock, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Bessie. Leaves from the orange scion contained lower concn of glutamic acid, glycine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine, and higher aspartic acid and phenylalanine than the lemon leaves. The sum of the free amino acids in the orange leaves was higher than in lemon leaves. Significant interaction effects on free cystine, methionine, and tyrosine were caused by Phytophthora spp. infestation in the 2 species.
Freezing Patterns in Twigs of Evergreen Azalea1
Authors: Lumis G. P. , Mecklenburg R. A.
Published: August 2022

An electrophoretic mobility technique utilizing molecular probes was employed to study the freezing patterns in apical stems of 2 azalea cultivars, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense (Levi.) Nakai (unnamed clone termed ‘Poukhanense’ herein for convenience) and R. × ‘Maryann’ [R. indicum × (R. yedoense var. poukhanense × kaempferi)]. Excised twigs were frozen at 2°C per hr during which current and voltage were measured, and tissue resistance was calculated. As freezing occurred there was a dramatic increase in tissue resistance, indicating that ice quickly filled the extracellular space. This rapid ice formation is a nonequilibrium process independent of temperature change once nucleation has begun. Injury due to the rapid formation of extracellular ice, at temperatures well below the freezing point, may be a factor influencing winter survival.
Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Olive Oil Extracts on Periodontopathogenic Oral Bacteria
Authors:   Periodontic Unit, Baling Dental Clinic, Ministry of Health, 09100 Baling, Kedah, Malaysia, Musa Wahidatunur , Mohd Nurulhuda ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Zainal-Abidin Zamirah ,   Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Said Mazlina ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Baharin Badiah ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants metabolism and can be found in olive oil. They exhibit antimicrobial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, little is known about the antibacterial activity of the compounds towards periodontopathogens. The study aimed to investigate the potential of these compounds as antibacterial agents towards pathogens, specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Phenolic compounds were extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) through liquid-liquid separation using methanol:water (70:30), and hexane. It was then prepared in various concentrations to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the periodontopathogens. The anti-adhesion activity was quantified using crystal violet staining while the effects on the morphology were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MICs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were 31.25 mg/mL, 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively. The MBCs of the phenolic compounds on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL, respectively suggesting this compound can eradicate these bacteria. There was no bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis. The adhesion of all the bacteria was interrupted by the compounds at the lowest concentration (1.95 mg/mL). SEM findings showed disruption of bacterial cell surfaces such as blebs and disintegration of cells after exposure to this extract. Phenolic compounds of olive oil exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens, with bactericidal effects on A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum and bacteriostatic effects on P. gingivalis.
The Evidence-based Periodontal Risk Assessment (PRA) Tool for Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in a Comprehensive Periodontal Management by Risk Assessment (PEMBRA)
Authors:   Center of Comprehensive Care Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Masud Mahyunah , Mohd Ishak Izza Ilyani ,   Kuala Dungun Dental Clinic, Ministry of Health, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, Kamarazaman Najihah ,   Kemaman Dental Clinic, Ministry of Health, 24000 Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia, Baharuddin Izyan Hazwani ,   Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia,   Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

In the management of periodontitis patients, periodontal risk assessment (PRA) tool is currently being applied during periodontal review (PR). However, an assessment of risk profiles during examination and diagnosis (E&D) may and would effectively assess and diagnose patients’ periodontal conditions, provide personalised treatment planning, and render an enhanced patient care through periodontal management by risk assessment (PEMBRA). From a retrospective study on selected records of 81 patients treated for chronic periodontitis, the PRA profiles of the patients were evaluated during E&D and two to three months after completion of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) during PR. The results were analysed using SPSS version 24 for descriptive statistics. On E&D, the patients presented with 25.9% localised and 74.1% generalised chronic periodontitis. Of these, 2.5% of low-risk patients on E&D increased to 21% during PR signifying an improvement after the treatment. However, the medium-risk patients have a slight increase from 32% to 35%, and patients with a high risk of 62% were reduced to 43%. The improvement of the risk profiles for both low and high-risk groups was mostly contributed by the reduction in the plaque score, percentages of bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm. This evidence-based evaluation of PRA tool during E&D and PR is important for PEMBRA as it encouraged the clinicians to adopt periodontal management through basic periodontal examination, detailed periodontal charting, radiographic interpretation, tooth per tooth prognosis, diagnosis, and targeted NSPT.
Effectiveness of Diode Laser Compared with Sodium Fluoride Varnish in Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity Associated with Gingival Recession
Authors:   Periodontology and Oral Implantology Unit, Department of Dental Surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal, Shrestha Benju , Pradhan Shaili ,   Periodontology and Oral Implantology Unit, Department of Dental Surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal, Lamichhane Krishna Prasad ,   Periodontology and Oral Implantology Unit, Department of Dental Surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
Published: August 2022

Using laser for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) have recently shown promising results and better immediate reduction in pain scores. However, its efficacy and mechanism of action is controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser compared with sodium fluoride varnish in treating DH in patients with gingival recession. Eighteen patients with Miller’s class I and class II gingival recession and hypersensitivity in at least two non-adjacent teeth were included in the study. Test surfaces (n = 25) were treated with diode laser, whilst control surfaces (n = 23) were treated with 5% sodium fluoride varnish. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were recorded for air and tactile stimulus for both groups at baseline, 15 min, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in VAS scores at 15 min, 1 month and 3 months compared with baseline in both test and control surfaces, with no significant intergroup differences. However, the percentage reduction in DH was more in laser at all evaluation periods. The use of diode laser and sodium fluoride varnish showed good immediate and prolonged results. Further studies are needed to come up with more effective treatment methods.
Electronic Cigarette Vapour and the Impacts on Oral Health: A Review
Authors:   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Hasan Nurul Wahida , Baharin Badiah ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Nurulhuda ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been in demand among young generations as a modern way of smoking since last decade. E-cigarette devices generate the vapour through the heating process and the inhalation of vapour through the mouth which is known as vaping directly exposed the oral cavity to potentially toxic chemicals in the vapour. The e-cigarette vapour has been reported with potential systemic and oral health impacts though it is to a lesser extent than the conventional cigarette. The toxicity of the chemicals in e-cigarette vapour has been highlighted by various in-vitro studies and currently being explored by many researchers. Nicotine content in e-cigarette vapour not only causes addiction but has deleterious effects on the oral mucosa. E-cigarette vapour is commonly associated with oral health-related problems such as irritation to the oral mucosa, periodontal disease, and possibly the initiation of dental caries. As a marketing strategy, e-cigarette has been promoted as a safer way of smoking habit and use as a smoking cessation tools. Non-scientific assertions regarding e-cigarettes are causing public misunderstanding, leading people to assume that they are safe while the truth is yet unclear. This narrative review aims to emphasise the hazard of e-cigarette vapour and the outcome to oral health by summarising the evidence gathered from previous studies and the potential role of e-cigarette for smoking cessation aids considering the widespread usage of e-cigarettes and public concerns.
On Current-Squared Flows and ModMax Theories
Authors: Ferko Christian , Smith Liam , Tartaglino Gabriele
Published: August 2022

We show that the recently introduced ModMax theory of electrodynamics
and its Born-Infeld-like generalization are related by a flow equation
driven by a quadratic combination of stress-energy tensors. The operator
associated to this flow is a 4d4d
analogue of the T\overline{T}TT¯
deformation in two dimensions. This result generalizes the observation
that the ordinary Born-Infeld Lagrangian is related to the free Maxwell
theory by a current-squared flow. As in that case, we show that no
analogous relationship holds in any other dimension besides
d=4d=4.
We also demonstrate that the \mathcal{N}=1𝒩=1
supersymmetric version of the ModMax-Born-Infeld theory obeys a related
supercurrent-squared flow which is formulated directly in
\mathcal{N} = 1𝒩=1
superspace.
CFDA-AM staining to assess the metabolic activity of Giardia duodenalis cysts inactivated by chlorine, boiling and ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Rodrigues da Cunha Maria Júlia , Souza Freitas Bárbara Luíza , Nasser Fava Natália de Melo , Sabogal-Paz Lyda Patricia
Published: August 2022

Giardia duodenalis is responsible for several waterborne gastrointestinal outbreaks worldwide. In addition to limitations presented by the main disinfection methods, assessing the inactivation efficiency of cysts after the treatment also poses challenges. Thus, this study aimed to use the 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM) staining protocol to evaluate the viability of G. duodenalis cysts inactivated by different UV and chlorination doses and boiling times. Under epifluorescent microscopy, metabolically active cysts that presented green fluorescence were considered viable. In contrast, when no green fluorescence could be observed, organisms were considered non-viable. Although statistical analysis revealed that increasing the UV dose did not significantly decrease the percentage of viable cysts, the fluorescence signal intensity decreased considerably when the cysts were irradiated with a dose equal to or greater than 80 mJ cm−2. Regarding chlorination and boiling treatments, this study demonstrated that no cyst showed fluorescence at the lowest NaClO concentration (0.5 mg/L) and in the shortest boiling time (2 min). Despite some limitations regarding the use of metabolic activity as a viability marker, this methodology is rapid, easy to run and cost-effective. Thus, we conclude that the CFDA-AM staining protocol has the potential to be used to assess Giardia cyst inactivation, although further research is required.
Domínio da personalidade nas notas e na permanência de estudantes em um curso online massivo e aberto (MOOC)
Authors: Silva de Souza Napoliana , Trindade Perry Gabriela
Published: August 2022

Duas questões marcantes em Cursos On-line Massivos e Abertos (MOOCs) são a dificuldade para manter os estudantes nos cursos e o desempenho insuficiente de alguns participantes, o que pode ter relação com fatores subjetivos. Nesta direção, investigou-se se a personalidade e as emoções de realização experienciadas em um MOOC da área médica estão relacionadas à permanência e às notas dos estudantes. Questionários, análises de cluster e de regressão compuseram as especificações metodológicas. Os resultados dos questionários sobre emoções de realização tiveram confiabilidade baixa, não sendo possível concluir sobre eles, e o questionário de traços de personalidade, não indicou relação com as notas ou permanência. Os achados seguem a variabilidade de resultados na literatura, que não são unânimes ao afirmar correlações entre essas variáveis. Essas descobertas indicam que há outras variáveis mais relevantes ligadas à permanência e ao desempenho, requerendo instrumentos mais adequados para avaliar emoções de realização em MOOCs.
High-throughput Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals the
Neurogenesis Key Targets of Curcumin Action in Mouse Brain with
MCAO
Authors: Li Litao , Cheng Jinming , Ji Yingxiao , Liu Jihong , Zhai Rui , Wang Hebo
Published: August 2022

Background:

Experimental studies have shown that curcumin exerts neuroprotective
effects in animal models with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the mechanisms
of protective effects of curcumin in MCAO are not fully understood.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the key neurogenesis targets of curcumin action in mouse
brain with MCAO.

Methods:

The MCAO models were established in mice. High-throughput sequencing was used to
identify differentially expressed mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. The reverse expressed mRNAs,
lncRNA, and circRNA in sham vs. MCAO and MCAO vs. curcumin were identified. Biological
functions were determined by gene ontology (GO) analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI)
network of neurogenesis-related genes was constructed. Next, neurogenesis-related lncRNA/
circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks were constructed.

Results:

The total of reverse expressed 1215 mRNAs, 32 lncRNAs, and 43 circRNAs were filtered
based on the 2 series (sham vs. MCAO and MCAO vs. Curcumin). The functional enrichment
analysis of 1215 reverse expressed mRNAs found that they were involved in neurogenesis, neuron
generation, neurogenesis regulation, and others. The PPI network of neurogenesis-related genes
consisted of 115 nodes, including 27 down-regulated genes and 36 up-regulated genes. Furthermore,
the neurogenesis-related lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNAs networks were constructed,
and 5 lncRNA ceRNA networks and 3 circRNA ceRNA networks were explored.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that curcumin exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating neurogenesis.
The neurogenesis-related lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks are potential
therapeutic targets of curcumin in MCAO. This study provided a theoretical basis for curcumin
exerting neuroprotective effects in MCAO.
MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs as Novel Targets in Anti-cancer
Drug Development
Authors: Çetinkaya Melisa , Baran Yusuf
Published: August 2022

Non-coding RNAs comprise the majority of RNAs that have been transcribed from the human genome, and these non-coding RNAs have essential regulatory roles in the cellular processes. They have been discovered to influence the expression of the genes, including tumor-suppressive and oncogenes, that establish the non-coding RNAs as novel targets for anti-cancer drug development. Among non-coding RNAs, microRNAs have been extensively studied in terms of cancer biology, and some microRNA-based therapeutics have been reached in clinical studies. Even though most of the research regarding targeting non-coding RNAs for anti-cancer drug development focused on microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs have also started to gain importance as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. In this chapter, the strategies and importance of targeting microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs will be described, along with the clinical studies that involve microRNA-based cancer therapeutics and preclinical studies that involve long non-coding RNA-based therapeutics. Finally, the delivery strategies that have great importance in the effective delivery of the non-coding RNA-based cancer therapeutics, hence the therapy's effectiveness, will be described.
Antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Aqueous
and Methanolic Extracts From Athamanta sicula L.
Authors: Loucif Karima , Benchikh Fatima , Souici Chawki Ben , Amira Smain
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Oxidative stress plays a major role in developing diabetes complications;
therefore, it is possible to use natural antioxidants as therapeutic agents for diabetes.

Aims:

This study aimed to find an important source of phenolics from Athamanta sicula L. (A. sicula)
and confirm that this plant could be a significant source of medically important natural compounds by
confirming its antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential.

Methods:

Antioxidant property was performed using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical
scavenging, metal chelating, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity methods. The α-amylase and α-
glucosidase inhibitory activities were investigated using an in vitro model. Moreover, polyphenols and
flavonoid contents of the tested extracts were carried out.

Results:

The methanolic extract exhibited the highest phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the
aqueous extract. However, aqueous extract possessed the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging,
metal chelating, and Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacities), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
effects. No correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities
of A. sicula L. extracts was observed.

Conclusion:

The results showed that this plant could be a significant source of medically important natural
compounds.
Dolichos biflorus, Useful Food for Patients with Kidney Stones
Authors: Salari Roshanak , Manjiri Mohammad Azad , Asadpour Amir Abbas , Yousefi Mahdi , Ghazanfari Seyed Majid
Published: August 2022

Urolithiasis is a common problem worldwide manifested with recurrent intermittent pain
episodes, which today is increasing due to changes in lifestyle patterns, including sedentary and
consumption of protein, fat, and fiber-free foods, as well as stress. Today, the role of nutrition in the
formation of kidney stones as well as in its prevention is recognized as a key factor. Dolichos Biflorus is one of the most famous plants that are known as a useful food in the prevention and treatment
of kidney stones. In this review study, electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google
Scholar, and Web of science and Persian medicinal books such as Al- Hawi, Al-Shamel fi-Alsenaat
Altebbiah, Makhzan-al-Advia, and Tohfat al Momenin were searched to identify all the studies reporting the effects of Dolichos Biflorus on kidney stones.
Dolichos Biflorus seeds contain effective substances in preventing kidney stone formation. These
substances include Citrate, Magnesium, Potassium, and Vitamin B6. A protein has been identified in
Dolichos Biflorus grain that has antiseptic and inhibitory stone formation properties. In several studies, the effect of Dolichos Biflorus extract on the dissolution of kidney stones and their prevention
has been investigated.
Dolichos Biflorus seeds can be used as a useful and effective food in patients with kidney stones, in
addition to its nutritional role, as a harmless drug to prevent stone production.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Novel Hybrid PM Five-Phase Fault-
Tolerant Switched-Flux Memory Motor
Authors: Eduku Stephen , Odonkor Ebenezer Narh , Alhassan Mohammed Okoe , Sekyi-Ansah Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background:

The existing literature depicts that since the advent of the hybrid permanent
magnet switched-flux memory motor (HPMSF-MM), comprehensive research is focused on the design
of three (3)-phase HPMSF-MM topologies, which limits their practical safety crucial design
application range or scope, namely, in electric vehicle (EV).

Objective:

This research work aims to design a novel five (5)-phase fault-tolerant HPMFS-MM using
the synergy of two key PMs, namely, a neodymium magnet (NdFeB) and Alnico magnet, also
known as low coercive force (LCF) with an intrinsic overload fault detection capacity and excellent
flux-regulation capacity to extend it practical application scope.

Methods:

This research paper employs finite element analysis (FEA) via ANSYS Maxwell electromagnetic
software in designing, simulation, and analyzing the proposed fault-tolerant HPMSF-MM.

Results:

The key merit of the Proposed HPMSF-MM is the exhibition of an overload fault protection
mechanism via an injection of a reversed temporary control pulse current into the field winding
(FW) in the event of an overload fault condition to demagnetize the Alnico PM configuration to ensure
that, almost all the generated flux are short-circuited via the design stator-core without linking
the designed rotor as in the case of normal operation is effectively verified via the flux-linkage analysis
in this paper.

Conclusion:

The proposed HPMFS-MM can effectively demonstrate its intrinsic overload fault detection
mechanism, due to its tremendous flux-regulating or weakening capacity, in addition to its
fault-tolerant teeth implementation merit of ensuring physical motor winding phase isolation in an
event of a fault.
Digital transformation in higher education in Vietnam
Authors: Hai To Xuan
Published: August 2022

This paper, which aims to explore (i) what digital transformation means in the higher education context, (ii) what knowledge should faculty members equip themselves with in response to the forthcoming digitalization in their institutions, and (iii) what HEIs should bear in mind in designing professional development programs to support their faculty’s preparation. Based on an exhaustive review of literature, the paper has significant implications for HEIs in getting ready for their imminent digitalization.
Pematahan proses dormansi benih tanaman centro (Centrosema Pubescens) dengan penggunaan PEG (Polyeth-Ylene Glycol) 6000
Authors: Arthawijaya R. Adhitya Parama , Sulistyo Hanief Eko , Kamaliyah Siti Nurul , Sudarwati Herni
Published: August 2022

Percobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan PEG 6000 dan lama perendaman terhadap perkecambahan biji Centrosema pubescens dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Perlakuan pertama adalah konsentrasi larutan polietilen glikol 6000 (0, 3, 6 dan 9%) dan yang kedua adalah lama perendaman (3, 6 dan 9 jam). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian dan untuk pengujian selanjutnya ditentukan dengan uji jarak berganda duncan. Peningkatan konsentrasi larutan PEG hingga 6% meningkatkan laju perkecambahan menjadi 88,44%, laju pertumbuhan serempak menjadi 84,44%, panjang kecambah menjadi 13,00 cm, panjang akar menjadi 6,83 cm dan bobot segar menjadi 6,83 g, kemudian menurun. Sedangkan penambahan waktu perendaman dalam larutan PEG hingga 6 jam meningkatkan daya perkecambahan menjadi 82,00%, laju pertumbuhan serempak menjadi 77,33%, panjang kecambah 12,60 cm, panjang akar hingga 4,00 cm dan berat segar menjadi 6,45 g, kemudian menurun.
The Interactive influence between sex and probiotic on whole period’s broiler using non-linear pattern and in vivo experiment
Authors: Adli Danung Nur , Isty Gallusia Marhaeny Nur
Published: August 2022

The interactive influence between sex and probiotic on whole period’s broiler using non-linear pattern and in vivo experiment; curve growth performance, relatively organ weight of broiler was investigated. First experiment were day-old-chicks of Ross 308 placed among control and experimental. The first experiment were used 56 Ross 308 broiler with aged 35 days including 28 males and 28 females as control, and 28 males and 28 females supplemented with or without probiotics. The second experiment were used non-linear models of Gompertz models to predict between sex and probiotic effect on the growth performance. The data analyses were uses two-way of variance between probiotic and sex (male-female). At the end experiment (35 aged d) thus probiotic and sex were significant difference (p > 0.05) on live weight (g), feed intake (g). To sum up, the interaction between group × sex was significant for body weight (g) broiler and non-linear models were effective to comparison between in vivo and predicted models.