bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of an elderly patient with nonsyndromic TGFBR1‐related aortopathy: A case report
Authors: Aono‐Setoguchi Hitomi , Yagi Hiroki , Akiyama Nana , Takeda Norifumi , Ando Masahiko , Yamauchi Haruo , Komuro Issei , Takeda Norihiko
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Genetic variants associated with hereditary TAAD may contribute to nonsyndromic TAAD. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old man with nonsyndromic TAAD undergoing prophylactic surgery after a gene panel test revealed a pathogenic variant in TGFBR1, but the indication for genetic testing in such elderly‐onset cases still warrants further discussion.

Hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is a serious clinical condition resulting in a fatal outcome. Recently, variants in causative genes for syndromic hereditary TAAD, such as Marfan syndrome and Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS), have been reported to predispose to the development of nonsyndromic TAAD; however, genetic testing for patients with elderly‐onset nonsyndromic TAAD warrants further discussion. We present a 72‐year‐old nonsyndromic Japanese man with moderate‐sized aortic annulus ectasia (AAE) with moderate aortic regurgitation and ascending to distal arch aortic dilatation (maximum diameter: 46 mm). He had been treated for hypertension and dyslipidemia for 7 years, and his eldest son had AAE at 33 years old and type A aortic dissection at 43 years old. Surgical repair was considered a treatment option because the patient potentially had a nonsyndromic hereditary aortic disease, and genetic panel testing for TAAD identified a pathogenic missense variant in TGFBR1 (c.934G > A, p.[Gly312Ser]), previously reported in patients with LDS type 1. He was diagnosed with nonsyndromic TGFBR1‐related aortopathy and underwent prophylactic surgery using a modified Bentall operation and total arch replacement with open stent graft implantation. Genetic testing was useful in guiding the treatment strategy, but further analysis is warranted to establish the clinical value in the treatment plan for patients with elderly‐onset nonsyndromic TAAD.
Plasmonic Membrane for TiO2 Nanoparticles Activity Detection in Complex Environments
Authors: Tiryaki Ecem , Sousa‐Castillo Ana , Rodríguez‐Lorenzo Laura , Espiña Begoña , Alvarez Puebla Ramón A. , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A.
Published: August 2024

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely manufactured semiconductors, but their release into aquatic environments poses significant threats to ecosystems and human health. The environmental hazard associated with TiO2NPs in surface water primarily results from their photocatalytic activity, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Addressing this challenge is crucial for ensuring the safe utilization of TiO2NPs and preserving the environment. In this study, we developed a novel plasmonic membrane comprising titanate nanowires (TiNWs) functionalized with silica‐coated gold nanostars (AuNSts) to probe, in situ, the capture and measurement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2NPs in complex media such as seawater. This method represents a unique and precise approach to real‐time monitoring of the presence and photocatalytic activity of TiO2NPs, thereby laying the foundation for establishing an environmental risk parameter for these particles.
Simulation of Modified Nanoporous Titanate Composite Membrane in Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process
Authors: Deymi Parinaz , Pouranfard Abdolrasoul , Emadzadeh Daryoush
Published: August 2024

Nowadays, due to the lack of drinking water and the increase in global demand, desalination by reverse osmosis (RO) has been developed. In this regard, activities have been carried out to increase water flux and salt removal, which are important indicators in this process, including membrane modification by loading nanoparticles (NPs). Process simulation plays an important role in reducing laboratory costs, improving efficiency, and investigating operational parameters in more detail. This is an important factor that leads us to process simulation. The simulation of the RO process by thin‐film composite membranes modified with nanoporous titanate (mNTs) NPs has been conducted using COMSOL software. The performance of this process was checked by loading different amounts of mNTs with the desired membrane. The results revealed that by adding 0.01 w % of mNTs to the membrane composition, the performance of the process was improved in that the initial water flux through the membrane increased by about 95.4 %, while the salt rejection remained nearby 98 % and did not decrease much. Finally, to validate and expand the simulation results, the model outcomes were compared with experimental data, and the mean relative error for water flux and salt removal percentage was 1.15 % and 0.83 %, respectively.
Tetrazaisoindigos:Serpentine Syntheses and Their Expected and Unexpected Photophysical and Electronic Properties
Authors: Wei Tangli , Sun Qian , Yang Wenyi , Zhang Juanjuan , Chen Xinyu , Mu Youbing , Lan Zhenggang , Liu Cui , Wan Xiaobo
Published: August 2024

Isoindigo, an electron‐withdrawing building block for polymeric field‐effect transistors, has long been considered to be non‐fluorescent. Moreover, using electron‐deficient heterocycle to replace the phenyl ring in the isoindigo core for better electron transport behaviour is synthetically challenging. Here we report the syntheses of a series of tetrazaisoindigos, including pyrazinoisoindigo (PyrII), pyrimidoisoindigo (PymII) and their hybrid (PyrPymII), and the investigation on their photophysical and electric properties. Proper flanking groups need to be chosen to stabilize these highly electron‐deficient bislactams. Both PyrII and PymII derivatives show lower LUMO energy levels than that of naphthalene bisimide (NDI). Interestingly, PyrII is instinctively unstable and can be easily reduced, while both PymII derivatives are stable. More surprisingly, PymII derivatives are highly fluorescent and their photoluminescence quantum yields are around 40 %, 133 times higher than that of reported isoindigo derivatives. UV‐vis spectroscopic results and theoretical calculations show that strong intramolecular hydrogen‐bond exists in PymII, which prohibits it from non‐radiative decay and accounts for its fluorescent behaviour. PymII derivatives are n‐type semiconductors, while Ph‐PyrII and the hybrid show balanced ambipolar charge transport behaviour, all among the best isoindigo derivatives. Our study not only discloses the structure‐property relationship of tetrazaisoindigos, but also provides novel electron‐deficient monomers for conjugated polymers.
Concentrations and health risk assessment of selected cations and anions in drinking water in Antalya, Türkiye
Authors: Kilic Murat
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the potential health risks associated with ion concentrations in fountains used for drinking water in the Antalya/Konyaaltı tourism center region. A total of 32 fountain samples commonly used during the summer were analyzed to determine the anion and cation concentrations using ion chromatography equipped with a conductivity detector. The results showed high accuracy and reliability, with R2 values ranging between 0.998 and 0.999 and recovery values between 97% and 110% at low and high concentrations. The method detection limit and method quantification limit were determined as 0.004 and 0.276, respectively, whereas the pH values ranged from 6.71 to 7.69. When examining the average fluoride and nitrate levels in different age groups, the nitrate daily acceptable intake (total hardness index) values were found to be 0.175, 0.091, and 0.076 µg kg−1 body weight per day for children, adolescents, and adults, respectively. Overall, the study suggests that children have the highest exposure levels due to their lower body weight, and exposure levels decrease with increasing age.
Macrocyclic Inhibitors Targeting the Prime Site of the Fibrinolytic Serine Protease Plasmin
Authors: Wiedemeyer Simon J. A. , Wu Guojie , Lang‐Henkel Heike , Whisstock James C , Law Ruby H. P. , Steinmetzer Torsten
Published: August 2024

Two series of macrocyclic inhibitors addressing the S1 pocket and the prime site of the fibrinolytic serine protease plasmin have been developed. In the first series, a P1 tranexamoyl residue was coupled to 4‐aminophenylalanine in P1’ position, which provided moderately potent inhibitors with inhibition constants around 1 μM. In the second series, a substituted biphenylalanine was incorporated as P1’ residue leading to approximately 1000‐fold stronger plasmin inhibitors, the best compounds possess subnanomolar inhibition constants. The most effective compounds already exhibit a certain selectivity as plasmin inhibitors compared to other trypsin‐like serine proteases such as trypsin, plasma kallikrein, thrombin, activated protein Ca, as well as factors XIa and Xa. For inhibitor 28 of the second series, the co‐crystal structure in complex with a Ser195Ala microplasmin mutant revealed that the P2’ residue adopts multiple conformations. Most polar contacts to plasmin and surrounding water molecules are mediated through the P1 tranexamoyl residue, whereas the bound conformation of the macrocycle is mainly stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Identification of Novel Potential Predisposing Variants in Familial Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ronchini Chiara , Gigli Federica , Fontanini Martina , Furgi Raffaella , Amato Viviana , Giglio Fabio , Gregato Giuliana , Bertolini Francesco , Rondoni Michela , Lanza Francesco , Billio Atto , Derenzini Enrico , Tarella Corrado , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Alcalay Myriam , Todisco Elisabetta
Published: August 2024

Background

Myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia, have been traditionally among the less investigated cancer types concerning germline predisposition. Indeed, myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition are challenging to identify because often display similar clinical and morphological characteristics of sporadic cases and have similar age at diagnosis. However, a misidentifications of familiarity in myeloid neoplasms have a critical impact on clinical management both for the carriers and their relatives.

Aims

We conducted a family segregation study, in order to identify novel cancer predisposing genes in myeloid neoplasms and classify novel identified variants.

Methods and Results

We performed a thorough genomic analysis using a large custom gene panel (256 genes), the Myelo‐Panel, targeted on cancer predisposing genes. In particular, we assessed both germline and somatic variants in four families, each with two siblings, who developed hematological neoplasms: seven acute myeloid leukemia and one Philadelphia‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia. In each family, we identified at least one novel potentially predisposing variant, affecting also genes not included in the current European LeukemiaNet guidelines for AML management. Moreover, we suggest reclassification of two germline variants as pathogenic: likely pathogenic p.S21Tfs*139 in CEPBA and VUS p.K392Afs*66 in DDX41.

Conclusion

We believe that predisposition to hematological neoplasms is still underestimated and particularly difficult to diagnosed. Considering that misidentification of familiarity in myeloid neoplasms have a critical impact on the clinical management both for the carriers and their relatives, our study highlights the importance of revision, in this clinical context, of clinical practices that should include thorough reconstruction of family history and in‐depth genetic testing.
Assessing Sarcopenia in Advanced‐Stage Ovarian Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Series
Authors: Schofield Christelle , Taaffe Dennis R. , Newton Robert U. , Galvão Daniel A. , Cohen Paul A. , Kim Jin‐Soo , Meniawy Tarek , Peddle‐McIntyre Carolyn
Published: August 2024

Objectives

In ovarian and other cancers, low muscle mass and density are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, screening for cancer‐related sarcopenia (typically defined as low muscle mass) is not routinely conducted. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommends an algorithm for sarcopenia screening and diagnosis in clinical settings, with sarcopenia based on muscle strength and mass, and severity on physical performance. We explored the application of the EWGSOP2 algorithm to assess sarcopenia in six ovarian cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

We assessed sarcopenia risk with the SARC‐F screening questionnaire (at risk ≥4 points), muscle strength with a handgrip strength test (cut point <16 kg) and five times sit‐to‐stand test (cut point >15 s), muscle mass by skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm2/m2 from a single computed tomography [CT] image; cut point <38.5 cm2/m2), and physical performance with a 4‐m gait speed test (cut point ≤0.8 m/s).

Results

Of six participants, none were identified as “at risk” for sarcopenia based on SARC‐F scores. Two participants were severely sarcopenic based on EWGSOP2 criteria (had low muscle strength, mass, and physical performance), and five participants were sarcopenic based on muscle mass only.

Discussion

Ovarian cancer patients with low muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy may not be identified as sarcopenic based on the EWGSOP2 diagnostic algorithm. While lacking a universally accepted definition for cancer‐related sarcopenia and cancer‐specific recommendations for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia, ovarian cancer clinicians should focus on the diagnosis and treatment of low muscle mass and density.
Combining Nitrogen Doping and Vacancies for Tunable Resonant States in Graphite
Authors: Demba Demba , Karn Abhishek , Chacon Cyril , Girard Yann , Repain Vincent , Bellec Amandine , Amara Hakim , Lang Philippe , Lagoute Jérôme
Published: August 2024

We investigate the combination of nitrogen doping and vacancies in highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), to engineer defect sites with adjustable electronic properties. We combine scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to reveal the synergistic effects of nitrogen and vacancies in HOPG. Our findings reveal a remarkable shift of the vacancy‐induced resonance peak from an unoccupied state in pristine HOPG to an occupied state in nitrogen‐doped HOPG. This shift directly correlates with the shift of the charge neutrality point resulting from the n‐doping induced by substitutional nitrogen. These results open new avenues for defect engineering in graphite or graphene and achieving novel functionalities for chemical activity or electronic properties.
On the Effectiveness of Visual Arts Therapy for Traumatic Experiences: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Maddox Georgina A. , Bodner Glen E. , Christian Matthew W. , Williamson Paul
Published: August 2024

Arts therapy is a popular intervention used to work through the effects of traumatic experience. We evaluate previous reviews and report a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of arts therapy following trauma for reducing symptoms of PTSD, enhancing positive outcomes (e.g., quality of life) and decreasing negative outcomes (e.g., depression). Database searches identified 21 (N = 868) randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Outcomes were categorised as PTSD specific, positive non‐PTSD specific and negative non‐PTSD specific. Several moderators were tested: age, diagnosis type, trauma type, intervention instruction, control type, therapy mode and therapy duration. Overall, random‐effects analysis indicated that arts therapy was favoured relative to control for positive non‐PTSD‐specific outcomes (g = 1.53, p < 0.001), but not for negative non‐PTSD‐specific (p = 0.069) or PTSD‐specific outcomes (g = 0.89, p = 0.052). Regression analyses indicated that arts therapy was effective in reducing PTSD‐specific outcomes in children (Z = 2.81, df = 1, p = 0.005), positive non‐PTSD‐specific outcomes in group‐based arts therapy (Z = −2.40, df = 1, p = 0.016, I2 = 57.33) and for reducing negative non‐PTSD outcomes following acute traumas (e.g., combat‐related trauma or sexual abuse) (Q = 10.70, df = 3, p = 0.013, I2 = 77.09). We highlight the need for additional RCTs and standardised protocols to address heterogeneity. Our review provides an important benchmark for gauging the effectiveness of arts therapy in the treatment of trauma.
Pilot Case Series Studying a Psychoeducational and Motivational Treatment for Children With Low‐Weight Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Matheson Brittany , Datta Nandini , Van Wye Eliza , Yang Hyun‐Joon , Lock James
Published: August 2024

Objective

Research on treatments for children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is needed. This pilot case series describes outcome data for 20 children ages 6–12 years old with a diagnosis of ARFID and who are low‐weight.

Method

Participants were recruited nationwide as part of an ongoing randomized clinical trial. All participants in this study received a 14‐session psychoeducational and motivational treatment (PMT) protocol. Parents completed measures of ARFID severity (the Pica, ARFID, Rumination Disorder Interview) and parental self‐efficacy (Parents vs. ARFID scale). Height and weight were self‐reported by parents and percent of estimated body weight (%EBW) was calculated. Assessments occurred at baseline, 1‐month within treatment, 2‐months within treatment, end‐of‐treatment (EOT), and 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

Twenty children (10.34 ± 1.76 years; 85% Non‐Hispanic; 75% White; 70% female; 84.16 ± 4.66% EBW) with low‐weight ARFID and their parents received PMT‐ARFID with a clinician specializing in eating disorders. By EOT, PARDI severity scores decreased (large effect size) parental self‐efficacy increased (medium effect size), but %EBW remained unchanged.

Discussion

Additional research evaluating PMT in adequately powered clinical trials for youth with ARFID is needed.
Using stream dissolved oxygen and light relationships to estimate stream primary production on mountainous headwater stream ecosystems
Authors: Villamizar Sandra R. , Segura Catalina , Warren Dana R.
Published: August 2024

Headwater streams influence the carbon cycle, but their productivity estimation remains challenging. We propose the use of dissolved oxygen data (% saturation, DOsat) and on‐site photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data to develop DOsat~PAR curves as an analogy to the well‐known photosynthesis–irradiance (P–E) curves. The premise of our research is that although these curves are simple, they provide detailed information of stream ecosystem productivity dynamics. We used data from two streams in the Oregon Coast Range to investigate daily gross primary productivity (GPP). We used properties of the light‐limited portion of the DOsat~PAR regression curves to produce a model to estimate GPP. We found that the slope of the DO–PAR relation varied widely between 1.6 × 10−4 and 0.045 and had strong correlations (r2 > 0.78). The data from one of the two study sites (Oak Creek) was used for model development while the data from the other site (South Fork Mill Creek) was used for model validation. The model's ability to quantify the effects of a discrete storm event on stream productivity was tested by comparing GPP estimates calculated through a Bayesian framework (streamMetabolizer) and our raw data‐driven estimates of GPP which were based on the variability of the DOsat~PAR regression curves. The proposed methodology was successful in estimating GPP in headwaters. We foresee that this method may be used to assess disturbances and construct a baseline understanding of productivity dynamics in other headwater ecosystems that is independent of the methodological challenges of the current stream metabolism models.
Improving trophic position estimates from amino acid stable isotopes by accounting for physiology and environment
Authors: Karlson Agnes M. L. , Ek Caroline , Jones Douglas
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen isotope analyses of amino acids (δ15N‐AA) are being increasingly used to decipher trophic dynamics. Interpretation of δ15N‐AA in consumers relies on the assumption that consumer physiological status and nutritional status of prey have negligible influences on the trophic discrimination factor (TDF), hence a constant TDF value is used in trophic position (TP) equations. Recent experiments have shown that this is not always the case and there is also a need to validate derived TP estimates in the field. We take advantage of the uniquely long time series of environmental monitoring data and archived (frozen) samples from the species‐poor Baltic Sea. We analyzed δ15N‐AA in similar sized individuals of cod and in its prey herring from four decades, 1980–2018; including time periods where dramatic reduction in condition status of cod has occurred. We expected that TDF in trophic AAs would increase during periods of poor cod condition, resulting in inflated TP estimates. We found that calculated TP and empirical estimates of TDF (difference in δ15N in trophic AAs between cod and herring) for cod increased in recent decades and that this was linked to condition status, herring (prey) lipid content and the hypoxic state of the ecosystem. Statistically adjusting TP for condition and prey lipid content as well as environmental stress (hypoxia) resulted in lower cod TP which better resembled the observed decrease in herring TP in recent decades. TP calculated from stomach analysis data in cod individuals over the same period showed no trend over time and confirmed that adjusted TP estimates mirror the real dietary TP better than unadjusted. By simultaneously measuring condition/nutritional status in both predator and prey it is possible to adjust for them as confounding variables and decipher actual consumer TP, partly overcoming the issues of unknown and variable TDF‐values. Our study also highlights the importance of including environmental stressors (here hypoxia) when interpreting TP and reconstructing food webs.
A framework for modeling the impacts of adaptive search intensity on the efficiency of abundance surveys
Authors: Jiménez Laura , Fieberg John R. , McCartney Michael , Ferguson Jake M.
Published: August 2024

When planning abundance surveys, the impact of search intensity on the quality of the density estimates is rarely considered. We constructed a time‐budget modeling framework for abundance surveys using principles from optimal foraging theory. We link search intensity to the number of sample units surveyed, searcher detection probability, the number of detections made, and the precision of the estimated population density. This framework allowed us to determine how a searcher should behave to produce optimized density estimates. Using data collected from quadrat and removal surveys of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in central Minnesota, we applied this framework to evaluate potential improvements. We found that by tuning searcher behavior, density estimates from removal surveys of zebra mussels could be improved by up to 60% in some cases, without changing the overall survey time. Our framework also predicts a critical population density where the best survey method switches from removal surveys at low densities to quadrat surveys at high densities, consistent with past empirical work. In addition, we provide simulation tools to apply this form of analysis to a number of other commonly used survey designs. Our results provide insights into how to improve the performance of many survey methods in high‐density environments by either tuning searcher behavior or decoupling the estimation of population density and detection probability.
Biomarkers of lung congestion and injury in acute heart failure
Authors: Guazzi Marco , Novello Gabriele , Bursi Francesca , Caretti Anna , Furlotti Noemi , Arena Ross , Argiento Paola , Núñez Julio , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Metra Marco
Published: August 2024

Acute heart failure (AHF) classification and management are primarily based on lung congestion and/or hypoperfusion. The quantification of the vascular and tissue lung damage is not standard practice though biomarkers of lung injury may play a relevant role in this context. Haemodynamic stress promotes alveolar and vascular derangement with loss of functional units, impaired lung capillary permeability and fluid swelling. This culminates in a remodelling process with activation of inflammatory and cytokines pathways. Four families of lung surfactant proteins (i.e., SP‐A, SP‐B, SP‐C, and SP‐D), essential for the membrane biology and integrity are released by alveolar type II pneumocites. With deregulation of fluid handling and gas exchange pathways, SPs become sensitive markers of lung injury. We report the pathobiology of lung damage; the pathophysiological and clinical implications of alveolar SPs along with the newest evidence for some classical HF biomarkers that have also shown to reflect a vascular and/or a tissue lung‐related activity.
Modelling the Tuning of the Cooperativity in Spin Crossover Sandwiched Layers
Authors: Railean Anastasia , Coltuneac Denisa , Mandal Ritwika , Stoleriu Laurentiu , Lorenc Maciej , Enachescu Cristian
Published: August 2024

This work is devoted to the investigation of the influence of the embedding surfaces (substrates) on a spin crossover layer in the framework of a mechanoelastic model. We analyze how the properties of the spin crossover molecules (i. e. the thermal transition or the cluster spreading) situated inside a 2D layer are influenced by interactions between them and the inert molecules situated on two parallel surfaces, embedding the spin crossover layer. We conclude that the thermal transition is influenced both at the macroscopic scale (the shape and wdith of the hysteresis accompanying the thermal transition) and at the microscopic scale (formation of clusters) by the presence of epitaxial interactions with substrates. Equally, we analyse how the spin transition modulates the pressure exerted by the middle layer on the two substrates. The last part of the paper is devoted to the study of the possibility to induce the switching of molecules in the inner layer by heating the embedding surfaces.
The Crystal Structure, Band Gap, and Optoelectronic Performance of Lead‐free Cs2PdBr4 Metal Halide Single Crystal and its Thin Film
Authors: Cao Wenhuan , Chen Yan , Wang Chen , Shen Huimeng , Yin Jie , Zhou Huawei
Published: August 2024

Pd‐based halide materials play an important role in organic synthesis, catalysis, and optoelectronic areas. As a typical metal halide, Pb‐based perovskite materials have the potential to become a newcomer in the field of photodetectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the toxicity of lead has led to its unfriendliness to the environment. Herein, we synthesized the lead‐free Cs2PdBr4 metal halide single crystal (SC). The crystal structure of needle‐like Cs2PdBr4 SC is resolved and identified to monoclinic crystal system and C2 space group by X‐ray diffraction. The band gap of Cs2PdBr4 SC is extrapolated to 1.54 eV by absorption and reflection spectra. Cs2PdBr4 thin films (TFs) on ITO Interdigitated electrodes (IEs) were prepared by methods of vacuum evaporation. The photodetectors based on Cs2PdBr4‐ITO IEs exhibit regular responses under 397–564 nm monochromatic light, stable operation at weak light intensity of 1 mW/cm2 (397 nm), a responsivity of 0.27 mA/W and a detectivity of 1.13×106 Jones. This study can arouse interest in catalysis and photodetector.
1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐Dienes as a Multifaceted Synthons for the Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Fifteen‐Years Update
Authors: De Crescentini Lucia , Mari Giacomo , Santeusanio Stefania , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio
Published: August 2024

The discovery of structurally unique scaffolds entities with increased complexity and balanced physicochemical properties has the potential to allow synthetic chemists to exploit areas of chemical space that were previously inaccessible. Among the different strategies employed for generating N‐heterocycles, cyclization and cycloaddition reactions represent a valuable synthetic tool. The purpose of this minireview is to summarize the recent advances (2009‐present) from our laboratory on the generation of intriguing five‐, six‐ and seven‐membered mono‐ or poly‐heterocyclic architectures (linear, fused and spiro) employing 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes (DDs) as key synthons.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation/Heck Reaction/Esterification En Route to Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐One‐Containing γ‐Ketoesters
Authors: Guo Wenting , Wu Wenting , Xu Ying , Pei Xiaoqin , Wang Huiyan , Hu Huayou , Hu Weiming , Wang Lei
Published: August 2024

A facile palladium‐catalyzed cascade carbonylation/Heck reaction/esterification has been developed. A large variety of alcohols and phenols were all tolerated well to access a series of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐one‐containing γ‐ketoesters in moderate to good yields, broadening the application of carbonylation. The current research exhibits broad substrate scope, good functional‐group compatibility and straightforward scale‐up.
Central sensitization inventory is associated with psychological functioning but not with psychophysical assessment of pain amplification
Authors: Salbego Rafaela Stocker , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , Soares Flávia Fonseca Carvalho , Ferreira Dyna Mara Araújo Oliveira , Herreira‐Ferreira Matheus , de Lima‐Netto Beatriz Amaral , Costa Yuri Martins , Bonjardim Leonardo Rigoldi
Published: August 2024

Background

The central sensitization inventory (CSI) is a questionnaire that has been widely used as a tool for assessing symptoms associated with sensitization. However, its ability to identify individuals with this phenomenon has recently been questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of CSI with psychosocial and psychophysical factors in patients with painful TMD diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) and asymptomatic controls, as well as to determine the influence of these variables on the CSI scores variations.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study with 77 patients diagnosed with painful TMD according to DC/TMD and 101 asymptomatic controls realized correlations between CSI, WUR, PPT, CPM and psychosocial questionnaires (HADS, PSQI, PCS and PSS). In cases where significant correlations existed, the potential influence of these variables on CSI variation was explored through linear regression analysis.

Results

It has been found that the CSI correlates with psychosocial variables (anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, sleep and stress) (p < 0.0006) regardless of the presence of TMD, and that 68.9% of the variation in CSI scores can be influenced by all these variables (except stress). On the contrary, the CSI does not correlate with psychophysical parameters indicative of pain amplification (wind‐up ratio and conditioned pain modulation) (p > 0.320).

Conclusion

CSI is more associated with psychosocial factors than with more robust indicators of probable central sensitization (CS), thus limiting its utility in detecting this phenomenon both in TMD patients and healthy individuals.

Significance Statement

The research highlights a noteworthy relationship between the central sensitization inventory and psychological factors, emphasizing their substantial influence on inventory values. This correlation offers crucial insights into mental health markers within the questionnaire. Additionally, the lack of connection with pain amplification implies a necessary re‐evaluation of the inventory's diagnostic suitability, especially in cases of painful temporomandibular disorders. Thus, caution is urged in its application for identifying CS in these individuals.
The validity and reliability of quadriceps twitch force as a measure of skeletal muscle fatigue while cycling
Authors: MacDougall Keenan B. , Aboodarda Saied J. , Westergard Paulina H. , MacIntosh Brian R.
Published: August 2024

The measurement of skeletal muscle fatigue in response to cycling exercise is commonly done in isometric conditions, potentially limiting its ecological validity, and creating challenges in monitoring the time course of muscle fatigue across an exercise bout. This study aimed to determine if muscle fatigue could be reliably assessed by measuring quadriceps twitch force evoked while pedaling, using instrumented pedals. Nine participants completed three laboratory visits: a step incremental test to determine power output at lactate threshold, and on separate occasions, two constant‐intensity bouts at a power output 10% above lactate threshold. Femoral nerve electrical stimulation was applied to elicit quadriceps twitch force both while pedaling (dynamic) and at rest (isometric). The test–retest reliability of the dynamic twitch forces and the agreement between the dynamic and isometric twitch forces were evaluated. Dynamic twitch force was found to have excellent reliability in an unfatigued state (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.920 and mean coefficient of variation (CV) = 7.5%), and maintained good reliability at task failure (ICC = 0.846 and mean CV = 11.5%). When comparing dynamic to isometric twitch forces across the task, there was a greater relative decline in the dynamic condition (P = 0.001). However, when data were normalized to the 5 min timepoint when potentiation between conditions was presumed to be more similar, this difference disappeared (P = 0.207). The reliability of this method was shown to be commensurate with the gold standard method utilizing seated isometric dynamometers and offers a new avenue to monitor the kinetics of muscle fatigue during cycling in real time.
Label‐free detection of ConA‐induced T‐lymphocyte activation at single‐cell level by microfluidics
Authors: Liu Yameng , Wang Xiaohu , Lan Yuxia
Published: August 2024

Lymphocyte activation is critical in regulating immune responses. The resulting T‐cell proliferation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis. ConA (concanavalin A)‐induced activation has been widely used in the T lymphocytes model of immune‐mediated liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis, and so on. In those works, it usually requires fluorescent labeling or cell staining to confirm whether the cells are transformed successfully after medicine treatment to figure out efficacy/pharmacology. The detection preparation steps are time‐consuming and have limitations for further proteomic/genomic identifications. Here, a label‐free microfluidic method is established to detect lymphocyte activation degree. The lymphocyte and ConA‐activated lymphocyte were investigated by a microfluidic device. According to where single cells in the sample were captured in the designed channel, lymphocyte and ConA‐activated samples are differentiated and characterized by population electric field factors, 2.08 × 104 and 2.21 × 104 V/m, respectively. Furthermore, salidroside, a herbal medicine that was documented to promote the transformation, was used to treat lymphocyte cells, and the treated cell population is detected to be 2.67 × 104 V/m. The characterization indicates an increasing trend with the activation degree. The result maintains a high consistency with traditional staining methods with transformed cells of 15.8%, 28.8%, and 48.3% in each cell population. Dielectrophoresis is promising to work as a tool for detecting lymphocyte transformation and medical efficacy detection.
Electrical Performance Measurement of Electrical Thermoelectric Generator by Simulating Space Cooling Conditions in Terrestrial Laboratory
Authors: Wang Xuejian , He Hu , Sang Yurou , Han Lu , Gu Jialin , Cao Congshuai
Published: August 2024

Predicting the electrical performance and temperature field of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is crucial and essential before they are used in space, a common application scenario. However, building a laboratory to recreate a space environment is expensive and time‐consuming. It is also unrealistic to deploy temperature measurement probes in various components of the RTG. This article aims to establish an approach which combines finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements in the terrestrial laboratory to solve the problem more effectively: first, using FEM to calculate the temperature distribution of RTG operating in the space; second, realizing the similar temperature distribution of self‐assembly RTG prototype (electrical thermoelectric generator [ETG]) in the terrestrial laboratory by air cooling. The subsequent measurements of electrical performance indicate that the ETG exhibits a maximum power output of 43.41 W and a maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.788% in the simulated space environment, aligning well with the values obtained from FEM. This research has the potential to serve as a method for forecasting the performance of RTG in a terrestrial laboratory.
Estimation of friction factor and bed shear stress considering bedform effect in rivers
Authors: Lee Minjae , Park Yong Sung , Lee Mikyung , Song Yong‐Sik , Park Chanho
Published: August 2024

The roughness height plays a crucial role, especially in shallow‐water environments with rough‐bed conditions. Specifically, it is a key parameter for predicting flow velocity and bed shear stress. Therefore, an accurate determination of roughness height is essential for precise predictions of hydraulic phenomena. In this study, we propose a method to estimate form roughness height and friction factor using bathymetry data, with a focus on cross‐sectional data in the transverse direction. To overcome the limitations of using lateral direction data, we derived an empirical formula for estimating bedform length from the bed profiles in the streamwise direction. To assess the validity of bedform analysis and estimated form roughness height based on lateral direction data, we compared the characteristics of bedform and form roughness height analysed using lateral direction data with those analysed using the streamwise direction data. Furthermore, we confirmed the importance of considering the form roughness height in estimating bed shear stress through a comparison with bed shear stress calculations considering only grain roughness height.
First Evidence of Microplastic Ingestion by Riverine Fish From the Freshwater of Northwest Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Yamen Siti Norabiatulaiffa Mohd , Samsudin Mohd Saiful , Azid Azman , Norizan Mohd Nurazzi , Suradee Aidee Putera Kamal , Rosli Muhammad Izzul Fahmi Mohd
Published: August 2024

In a baseline study, we investigated microplastic contamination in fish from the Pinang and Kerian Rivers in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia. In recognition of the growing concern over microplastic pollution in aquatic environments, we aimed to assess the abundance and characteristics of microplastics ingested by various fish species. Fish samples were collected from local fishermen, followed by a digestion process using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Microplastics were isolated and analyzed through visual examination and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed a high prevalence of microplastics, with Johnius borneensis and Oreochromis sp. exhibiting the highest abundance, averaging 48.6 and 42.8 microplastics/g, respectively. The predominant shapes were fibers (55.6%) and fragments (25.9%), with colors primarily transparent (48.19%) and black (30.12%). Our results indicate significant contamination levels in freshwater fish, emphasizing the need for further research and effective mitigation strategies. These findings provide crucial baseline data on microplastics in Malaysian freshwater ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2189–2198. © 2024 SETAC
Food Waste Governance Architectures in Europe: Actors, Steering Modes, and Harmonization Trends
Authors: Szulecka Julia , Bradshaw Carrie , Principato Ludovica
Published: August 2024

The scale of food waste across Europe is alarming, and its reduction is becoming an important public policy and governance issue. Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3 constitutes a global attempt to galvanize system‐level reductions. In response, layers of varied regulation and governance at regional and national levels have emerged. This paper studies the types of governance architectures visible across Europe, what policy interventions they bring, and whether responses to the food waste challenge are converging. It looks at four leading food waste jurisdictions—France, England, Norway, and Italy—and investigates the hidden realities obscured by the simplistic division of legislative/top‐down versus voluntary/bottom‐up approaches. It applies a governance matrix to understand the variety of food waste “steering modes”, exploring both the extent to which a regime is hierarchical and/or non‐hierarchical and why. Notably, the paper also identifies some general tendencies in food waste governance, including legislative threats, challenges in distributing responsibility across the actors, focus on “low hanging fruits”, and an overall harmonization of policy responses in a neoliberal paradigm, with redistribution often pursued as a panacea for the food waste crisis.
Comparison of the effect of dydrogesterone and natural micronized progesterone for luteal‐phase support in assisted reproductive technology cycles: A single‐blind randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Atarieh Masoomeh , Javadian Maryam , Basirat Zahra , Kashifard Mehdi , Yazdani Shahla , Adib‐Rad Hajar , Abdollahzade‐Delavar Maryam , Gholinia Hemmat
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

One of the causes of preterm labor and recurrent abortion is progesterone deficiency in the luteal phase. The aim of the study was a comparison of the effect of oral dydrogesterone and vaginal progesterone for luteal‐phase support (LPS) in assisted reproductive technology cycles (ART).

Methods

This randomized clinical control trial study was conducted on 207 infertile women. Samples were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received a natural micronized vaginal progesterone (MVP) of 400 mg once daily and the second group received dydrogesterone (Duphestone) 20 mg twice daily. Then chemical pregnancy, abortion, and live births were compared in two groups.

Results

The results of the study showed that the vaginal form of the drug could increase the chance of pregnancy (positive β‐human chorionic gonadotropin) versus the oral form. According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for other variables, the live birth rate in the vaginal group was more than five times that of the oral group (odds ratio = 5.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.24–20.65; p = 0.023).

Conclusion

The vaginal form of the progesterone could increase the chance of pregnancy and the outcome of fertility (live birth). Thus, vaginal progesterone is effective for LPS in women undergoing fresh embryo transfer.
Electroacupuncture at Zusanli regulates the pathological phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Chen Yanqiang , Cai Miaomiao , Shen Boyuan , Fan Changchang , Zhou Xiang
Published: August 2024

Background

This study sought to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) intervention at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint on modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were administrated with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to construct the IBD model. DSS mice were then administrated with EA (10 Hz, 1.5 mA) at ST36 for 7 days or intragastric administration of sulfasalazine (SASP) each day during the entire course. The control group animals were administered with distilled water. Then, partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed differences in the relative content of metabolites. The pathological changes of colon and spleen tissues were observed by H&E and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. qPCR determined the mRNA expression levels, while ELISA and western blot analysis determined the protein expression.

Results

Compared with the control groups, DSS‐induced decreases of body weight were reversed after EA stimulation at ST36 or SASP treatment. The DAI of DSS mice was significantly higher relative to the control groups, whereas the DAI of DSS mice were decreased after EA stimulation at ST36 or SASP treatment. The intestinal weight/length ratio increased significantly in DSS groups; however, EA at ST36 significantly improved the macroscopic/microscopic characteristics and the weight and length of the colon. EA reversed inflammation and leukocyte infiltration and normalized the elevated levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, and NLRP3. Furthermore, EA improved the expression levels of ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin 1, exhibiting normalization of the colon's tight junctions.

Conclusions

EA at Zusanli acupoint of colon tissue significantly improved the pathological phenotype, showing a therapeutic effect on IBD.
Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone in Children and Adolescents with Obesity
Authors: Wen Jiali , McCann Sean , Balevic Stephen J. , Muller William J. , Hornik Chi D. , Autmizguine Julie , Anderson Sarah G. , Payne Elizabeth H. , Turdalieva Sitora , Gonzalez Daniel ,   the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: August 2024

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid approved for treating disorders of various organ systems in both adult and pediatric populations. Currently, approved pediatric dosing recommendations are weight‐based, but it is unknown whether differences in dexamethasone drug disposition and exposure exist for children with obesity. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for dexamethasone with data collected from children with obesity. Dexamethasone was given as either IV or oral/enteral administration, and a salt factor correction was used for dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection. A PopPK analysis using dexamethasone plasma concentration versus time was performed using the software NONMEM. A virtual population of 1000 children with obesity across three age groups was generated for dosing simulations. Data from 59 study participants with 82 PK plasma samples were used in the PopPK analysis. A one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and the inclusion of total body weight as a covariate characterized the data. No other covariates were included in the PopPK model. Single and multiple IV dose(s) of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg every 8 h resulted in 68% or more of virtual children with obesity attaining simulated exposures that were within exposure ranges previously reported in adult studies. In conclusion, this was the first study to characterize dexamethasone's PopPK in children with obesity. Simulation results suggest that virtual children with obesity receiving oral doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg had generally comparable dexamethasone exposures as adult estimates. Additional studies are needed to characterize the dexamethasone's target exposure in children.