bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of acid pre-flushing and pH-sensitive microgel injection in fractured carbonate rocks for conformance control purposes
Authors: Teimouri Alireza , Sadeghnejad Saeid , Dehaghani Amir Hossein Saeedi
Published: July 2020

Waterflooding in fractured reservoirs is a challenging task due to the presence of high conductive flow pathways such as fractures. Much of the injected water passes through fractures without sweeping the oil in the low permeable area, which results in an early breakthrough. Implementing deep conformance control techniques can be a remedy for this early water breakthrough. pH-sensitive microgel injection is a conformance control method in which the dependency of microgel viscosity to pH guarantees easy injection of these microgels into formations at low pH environments. Because of the geochemical reactions among rock minerals, microgels, and a pre-flushing acid, the microgel pH increases; therefore, these microgels swell and block high conductive fractures. In this study, a designed visual cell containing rock samples is implemented to observe rock–microgel interactions during a pH-sensitive microgel flooding into a fractured carbonate medium. First, the dependency of fracture aperture changes to the acid pre-flush flow rate is examined. Then, we investigate the effect of pH-sensitive microgel concentration on its resistance to block fractures during post-water flooding by studying the gel failure mechanisms (e.g., adhesive separation, cohesive failure). Finally, the effect of an initial aperture of fracture is examined on microgel washout when water injection is resumed. The results showed that both decreasing the acid flow rate and lowering the initial aperture could increase the rate of aperture changes. Moreover, the microgel solution with a concentration of 1 wt% showed the highest resistance (98.2 psi/ft) against post-water injection. Additionally, this microgel concentration had the highest permeability reduction factor. Meanwhile, the smaller initial aperture of fracture contributed to a higher microgel resistance.
Some Aspects of the Study of the Ethnogenesis of the Tuvan People
Authors: Ushnitsky Vasily V.
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the ethnogenesis of the Tuvinian people. The ancestors of the Tuvans are considered to be the ancient ethnos who called themselves the Dubo-Tumat and Uryanhai-Uranhai. Therefore, first of all, a search was carried out for ethnic connections with the carriers of these ethnonyms. Indeed, the basis for the formation of the Tuvinian people was the medieval tribe of Samoyed origin Dubo. The presence of the ancient Türkic, Uygur and Kyrgyz components in the processes of ethnogenesis is also traced. Traces of ethnocultural contacts with the ancestors of the Sakha people are noted. They are the carriers of the ethnonym Uranhai. If the Tuvinians use this name through descendants of the Dubo – mountain-taiga (inhabitants of the forest), Oin-Uryankhats, then the name Sakha as Uranghayans is a reminder of the Türkic-speaking Tumats as the main ancestors of the Yakut-Sakha. The article emphasizes ethnic differences between the Mongolian steppe Uryanghai and the forest – the ancestors of the Tuvans. However in the Mongol-Oirat period there was a rapprochement between these two groups of Uryankhai people, as a result of which the Altai Uryankhai people, the probable descendants of the steppe, can be attributed to the ethnic group of the Tuvan people, as well as the Darchats. In general, the Tuvinians can be called direct descendants of the ancient Turks, Uigurs, Yenisei Kyrgyz and Kereits, as well as forest Oin-Uryankhats. In the history of their ethnogenesis, the Scythian-Siberian, Old Samodian, Ancient Turkic, Uygur, Kypchak, Kereit and Mongolian periods stand out.
Optical Control of Cannabinoid Receptor 2–Mediated Ca2+ Release Enabled By Synthesis of Photoswitchable Probes
Authors: Sarott Roman , Viray Alexander E.G. , Pfaff Patrick , Sadybekov Anastasiia , Rajic Gabriela , Katritch Vsevolod , Carreira Erick , Frank James
Published: July 2020

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is a promising target for the treatment of neuroinflammation and other diseases. Howev-er, lack of understanding of its complex signaling in cells and tissues complicates its therapeutic targeting. For the first time we show that HU308 increases cytosolic Ca2+ levels in mammalian cells via CB2 and phospholipase C. We report the synthesis of pho-toswitchable derivatives of CB2 agonist HU308, azo-HU308s, from central building block 3-OTf-HU308. Azo-HU308s enable optical control over CB2 activity with spatiotemporal precision, as demonstrated in real-time Ca2+ fluorescence imaging. Our findings reveal a novel messenger pathway by which HU308 and its derivatives can affect cellular excitability, and demonstrate the utility of chemical photoswitches to control CB2 signaling in real time.
Dynamic Ion Speciation During Hydrolysis of Aryltrifluoroborates
Authors: Omari Isaac , Yunker Lars , Penafiel Johanne , Gitaari Darlene , San Roman Atzin , McIndoe J Scott
Published: July 2020

Organotrifluoroborates serve as a coupling partner during transmetallation in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction but require hydrolysis prior to the coupling reaction. Their anionic nature allows study of their hydrolysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) by real-time monitoring, complemented by pH analysis. Induction periods varied according to the borates employed, and a dynamic series of equilibria for numerous ions was observed during hydrolysis. We found that the induction periods and reaction rates were sensitive to the R group of the borates, the shape of reaction vessel, and stir rate, and that after complete decay of all of the aryltrifluoroborate ion the solution contained a variety of partially hydrolyzed species.
A Visible and Near-Infrared Light Activatable Diazo-Coumarin Probe for Fluorogenic Protein Labeling in Living Cells
Authors: Dai Sheng-Yao , Yang Dan
Published: July 2020

Chemical modification of proteins in living cells permits valuable glimpses into the molecular interactions that underpin dynamic cellular events. While genetic engineering methods are often preferred, selective labeling of endogenous proteins in a complex intracellular milieu with chemical approaches represents a significant challenge. In this study, we report novel diazo-coumarin compounds that can be photo-activated by visible (430‒490 nm) and near-infrared light (800 nm) irradiation to photo-uncage reactive carbene intermediates, which could subsequently undergo insertion reaction with concomitant fluorescence “turned-on”. With these new molecules in hand, we have developed a new approach for rapid, selective and fluorogenic labeling of endogenous protein in living cells. By using CA-II and eDHFR as model proteins, we demonstrated that subcellular localization of proteins can be precisely visualized by live-cell imaging and protein levels can be reliably quantified in multiple cell types using flow cytometry. Dynamic protein regulations such as hypoxia induced CA-IX accumulation can also be detected. In addition, by two-photon excitation with an 800 nm laser, cell-selective labeling can also be achieved with spatially controlled irradiation. Our method circumvents the cytotoxicity of UV light and obviates the need for introducing external reporters with “click chemistries”. We believe that this approach of fluorescence labeling of endogenous protein by bioorthogonal photo-irradiation opens up exciting opportunities for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.
Features of isolation of the anthrax pathogen depending on the type of nutrient medium
Authors: Nariman S. Sadykov  , Ramzi N. Nizamov  , Elmira N. Mustafina  , Marina Yu. Gallyamova  , Timur R. Mustafin  , Albert K. Galiullin  , Iva I. Zadorina  , Sergey Yu. Smolentsev
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the work is to develop a nutrient medium for differentiation of bacillus from soil aerobic bacilli. In order to achieve the set goal, we used the method of introduction into the environment of cultivation of microorganisms separated from animals and objects of external environment (water, soil, feed, air, scrapes from different surfaces suspected of contamination by their bacillus ) of nutrient substrate sucrose, used by bacteria of Bacillus genus for synthesis of product of their metabolism, a sign absent in bacillus . This feature is essential for identification and differentiation of bacillus from closely related saprophytes. To identify and differentiate the bacillus , the microbes isolated from the external environment were cultivated in a nutrient medium consisting of agar (MPA) and () synthesis of sucrose in the amount of 10% to 100 ml of melted agar. The proposed nutrient media was prepared as follows. agar (500 ml) was melted at 1000C, 10 g of sucrose was added per 100 ml of medium and after the complete dissolution of sucrose, the nutrient medium was poured into dishes and used for sowing the studied material for identification and differentiation of grown crops. The efficiency of the method has been tested in production experiments with positive evaluation. For this purpose, soil samples taken from the territory of old cattle cemeteries were fractionally sown on MPA and for 16-18 hours at 370C and examined crops for the presence of matte and rough (R-form) colonies.
Formulation and Evaluation of Functional food Health mixes
Authors: Usharani R  , Lakshmi U K
Published: July 2020

Over the last few consumer’s interest in health and functional foods has increased considerably in industrialized countries thus offering an opportunity for sector to add value to agricultural commodities. Today the world appears to be increasingly interested in the health benefits of foods and have begun to look beyond their basic nutritional benefits to prevention of disease and health enhancement. Traditional systems of medicine owe their significance to the components that have their origin in plant sources and most of them were associated with routine food habits. Functional food is any fresh or processed food claimed to have a health-promoting or disease-preventing property beyond the basic function of supply of nutrients. functional food is any food or food ingredient that provides health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains. Food supplementation is one of the effective ways of improving the health status of weavers by means of increasing the serum calcium level, regulating the blood glucose and blood pressure. Keeping all these points in mind the investigator selected low cost, locally available ingredients and foods familiar to the community to formulate food supplements to manage diseases like diabetes, hypertension and disorders. The functional foods are , flax seeds, , blue berry, carrot, vegetables, fish, garlic, whole grams, oats, oranges, spinach etc. The present study was carried out to formulate and preparation of health mixes, assess the nutrient content of health mixes, analysis of anti nutritional factors of health mixes. Overall findings revealed the functional food health mixes are reduced the risk of CVD, Diabetes , hypertension, cancer and osteoporosis.
新时代高职院校工商企业管理专业创新教育思考
Authors: 林 子云
Published: July 2020

作为新市场经济常态的产物，工商管理在协调经济活动、促进经济发展中发挥了重要作用，与此同时“互联网 +”技术在教育领域的广泛应用，也为教育教学工作的有效开展注入了新的动力，为高质量人才的培养奠定了良好基础。鉴于此，论文主要立足高职院校工商企业管理专业，通过剖析现阶段新市场经济环境中高职院校工商企业管理专业教学困境，并结合现阶段新经济时代背景下企业管理会计发展面临的挑战，对其优化教育教学手段进行了系统化探讨。
论“翻转课堂”在高中英语语法教学中的应用——以“现在分词作状语”的课堂教学设计为例
Authors: 王 茜
Published: July 2020

翻转课堂模式充分利用教育信息化，为学生的认知发展创造最近发展区。本研究探讨了翻转课堂的理论依据并尝试针对高中英语语法教学进行课堂设计，以实证研究来佐证翻转课堂的实际上课效果及学生反馈。实验结果证明此教学模式能够被很好地应用在语法教学实践中，对于促进学生小组合作和个性化学习意义重大
“以学生为中心”的《市场调查与预测》课程在线教学模 式研究
Authors: 杜 钰 , 崔 秀娟
Published: July 2020

《市场调查与预测》课程在线教学中，坚持“以学生为中心”和“以学生学为中心”的教育理念，借助超星泛雅平台、腾讯会议、微信课程群等多个教学平台，采用任务驱动教学法，对教学过程进行精细化设计和管理，让学生成为学习的主体。这种方式锻炼了学生的职业能力和专业素质，提高了学生的积极性。
关于中国广东省非遗项目“云浮石艺”的传承现状调查报告
Authors: 杨 逸卿 , 岳 秋荧 , 张 哲
Published: July 2020

中国广东云浮的石艺文化有着 400 多年历史，开创了驰名中外的石材王国，用石艺打造专属于云浮的独特文化，展现了文化的魅力。近年来，云浮石材产业向着精品工艺路线前进，整体水平也大幅度提高。在时代的发展下，云浮石艺文化同样也面临着市场开发等问题。我们通过调查问卷及社会调研的形式，了解云浮石艺文化现状并对其作出详细分析，对结果提出自己的观点以及对策，其目的是为了大力弘扬云浮优秀的传统石艺文化，展现云浮文化和自然传承。
新工科背景下高校人工智能实训课程的改革与创新
Authors: 彭 博 , 潘 旭东 , 王 文静
Published: July 2020

随着科技的飞速发展，人工智能时代已经到来，这对中国的教育行业来说更是提供了很多的机遇和挑战。在新工科背景的要求下，高等院校纷纷展开了一系列的创新和创业教育。为了促进教育有效性的进一步提升，高校开始加强人工智能实训课程的改革和创新。截止到 2019 年 12 月底，已经有 38 所高校开设了人工智能学院，并集合较多的科学力量和师资力量展开人工智能实训课程的教育，不仅符合国家要求的创新驱动发展策略，还帮助建设实际综合的一流性大学做出了巨大的贡献。
高职高专室内设计专业手绘效果图表现技法课程的教学改革研究
Authors: 李 花
Published: July 2020

手绘效果图表现技法是室内设计类专业中的一门必修课程，同时也是一门十分重要的课程，对学生设计水平的提高有着十分重要的作用。为了使手绘效果图表现技法教学达到理想效果，教师应积极采取有效措施提升手绘效果图表现技法教学质量，使学生的手绘效果图表现技法水平提高。论文对室内设计手绘效果图表现技法教学现状进行了简单分析，并提出一些教学改革方法与意见。
中国体育舞蹈创编中文化元素的融入策略
Authors: 李 洋
Published: July 2020

体育舞蹈被称为国际标准交谊舞，简称为国标舞，是一项集合了体育的竞技性和舞蹈艺术性与观赏性为一体的体育运动项目。体育舞蹈经过了半个多世纪的发展，已经由最初的各国民间舞蹈发展至今成为一项国际性的体育运动项目，并已经呈现出平民化的发展趋势。近年来，体育舞蹈的兴起，促进了体育舞蹈创编工作的发展和创新，也为了弘扬和发展中国优秀传统文化，向世界展示中国文化的魅力，将文化元素融合到体育舞蹈创编工作中已经成为促进体育舞蹈在中国发展的重要途径，也为中国体育舞蹈的发展和推广带来了新的机遇。论文分析了体育舞蹈创编中的关键因素，探讨了将文化元素与体育舞蹈中的创编元素相结合的方式，希望能够促进中国体育舞蹈发展的同时，进行中国优秀文化的弘扬和发展。
Economics, Public Policy, and Law
Authors: Rose-Ackerman Susan
Published: July 2020

Some lawyers view the law as a self-contained body of wisdom independent of the contaminating influences of other branches of knowledge. Such lawyers resist efforts to combine law with economics. In doing so, the author argues that these lawyers miss an opportunity for gaining a deeper understanding of the way law works in the world. This article thus explores the relationship between economics as a methodology, public policy, and the law. The author first tackles the argument that the economist's concentration on efficiency is flawed because it is unconcerned with justice. The author then discusses the role of economics in light of collective decision-making found throughout society. Economics and the design of efficient regulatory schemes are also discussed, as well as in the comparative law context. It is argued that the intersection between the common law and economics must be widely accepted, even though it suffers from limitations in resolving difficult policy issues. Thus, the author concludes that economic analysis alone cannot be an all-purpose resolver of the problems of the modern capitalist welfare state. Nonetheless, economic frameworks remain useful for lawyerly thinking; law and economics must thus be joined by a broader range of subjects, including political science and public administration.
ASSESSMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTIONIN THE LIVER USING ULTRASOUNOGRAPHY
Authors: Yonis Abdal Gadir , Abdallash Al Safi Ahmed , Ahmed Mona , Osman Ashraf Mustafa Mohammed
Published: July 2020

Background: Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma, causes periportal fibrosis and portal hypertension in approximately 13%-18% of those afflicted with the disease in the Gezira irrigated areas of Sudan. This a prospective study compromise of 360 consecutive patients at North Gezira State between 2016 to 2019 aimed to assessment of pathological change in schistosomiasismansoni infection using  B-mode grayscale ultrasound, The images done by portable Sono Scape- A6 machine using convex probe with frequency range from 3.5 to 5 MHz and the data analyzed by SPSS version 15. The result showed that the majority of patients were male and periportal fibrosis had high incidence associated with schistosomiasismansoni, Out of 360 patients with schistosomal PPF under study there were no PPF noted in 56 (15.6%) , while the remaining had mild in106 (29.4%), moderate in166 (46.1%), and severe PPF in 32 (8,9%)  The study concluded that the B- mode Gray scale portable ultrasound machine is the most frequently used imaging modality to assess patients for the presence of periportalfibrosis especially in the endemic area.
THE STAGES OF ORGANIZING THE GERMAN LANGUAGE CLASS (L2)
Authors: Drăghici Maria-Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Learning German L2 is a challenge for fresh teachers, as the aspects they encounter in teaching are related to psycho-pedagogical factors, often difficult to manage. Most teachers prefer high-school teaching, considering that pupils are calmer and understand the notions taught faster than middle school or primary school pupils. However, we can say that all pupils, regardless of age, need a teacher who knows how to capture their attention in an engaging style. Teachers need to know that regardless of age, pupils are driven by affectivity and the role models they have in front of the class can positively influence their lives. Therefore, the constant training of the teacher is importer in order to properly manage the scientific principles in harmony with the psycho-pedagogical ones in teaching, learning and assessment in the classroom. Starting from the method of observation, our article deals with an essential topic of teaching German (L2) in primary school. But to observe the behavioral importance of teachers, we considered a total of 98 pupils from three 5th forms.
ASSESSMENT OF TOURISTS’ PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION IN AGODI PARK AND GARDENS IBADAN AS A NATURE-BASED TOURISM ATTRACTION
Authors: Operinde Olayinka Helen , Praise Emma-Egoro
Published: July 2020

This study hinges on the assessment of tourists perception and satisfaction in Agodi Park and Gardens Ibadan as a nature-based tourism attraction. The study was conducted to investigate and assess the level of tourist’s satisfaction with the attributes (facilities and services) at the Park. In order to achieve the aim of this study, a well-structured questionnaire was drafted in line with the research objectives. The findings of the study revealed that the most satisfying features at the Park was the natural environment and the swimming pool at 62.8% and 34.9% respectively. However, the most dissatisfying features were the Zoo (54.6%) and the inadequate recreational facilities (17.4). The results also shows that the quality of tourism services has a positive impact on the level of tourist satisfaction. These results are considered to be valuable to destination managers, tourism organizations and businesses in evaluating the level of their current services. Therefore, this study suggests that visitors’ satisfaction can be boosted by raising the standard of service quality throughout the destinations’ attractions, facilities and modes of accessibility. The Parks’ management should upgrade the zoological garden to meet up with International standard so as to increase tourists’ patronage and satisfaction.
Aşılı asma (Vitis vinifera L.) fidanlarına farklı yöntemlerle uygulanan mikorizaların fidan tutma ve gelişme özellikleri üzerine etkileri
Authors: KORKUTAL İlknur , BAHAR Elman , TEKSÖZ ÖZAKIN Tuğba
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırma 2015 yılında Edirne ili Uzunköprü ilçesi 41° 15' 59.22" K enlem ve 26° 40' 43.17" D boylamı arasında yer alan Teksöz Tarım’a ait arazide, içerisinde; torf + perlit + yavaş salınımlı gübre karışımı bulunan 10 L’lik saksılara dikilen 1 yaşındaki Alphonse Lavelleé/1103P ve Razakı/1103P fidanlarında yürütülmüştür. Omcalara iki farklı (Symbion Vesikülar Arbuskülar Mikoriza, Shubhodaya Vesikülar Arbuskülar Mikoriza) mikoriza kokteyli; 4 farklı şekilde (Kontrol, Dikim ortamı, Kök, Kök + Dikim ortamı) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı; farklı yöntemlerle uygulanan mikorizaların fidan randımanı, kalitesi ve fidan gelişimi üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemektir. Ayrıca, mikorizaların fidanların besin alımına etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Denemede; fidan tutma oranı, sürgün, yaprak ve kök özellikleri belirlenmiş; yaprak, sürgün ve kökte bulunan mineral madde analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak her iki aşı kombinasyonunda ve her iki farklı mikorizal preparatta genç omcalara en yarayışlı uygulamanın harca yapılan uygulama olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Antalya Demre ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren seraların yapısal özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: KILIÇ İlker , YAYLI Büşra , DANABAŞ Ayşegül
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmada, Antalya ili Demre ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren seraların işletme, yapısal ve teknik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, bölgede 50 adet serada, işletme sahipleriyle bire bir yapılan anket çalışması ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Yapılan anket sonuçlarına göre Demre ilçesinde incelenen 50 adet işletmenin %64’ü sera ve %36’sı yüksek tünel seralardan oluşmaktadır. Sera işletme sahiplerinin %70’inin eğitim düzeyi ilköğretim seviyesidir ve incelenen tüm işletmelerde aile işletmeciliği yapılmaktadır. Seraların konstrüksiyon sistemi incelendiğinde tamamının çelik profillerden yapıldığı ve %78’inin plastik örtü materyali ile kaplandığı gözlemlenmiştir. İşletmelerin boyutsal özelliklerinin uzunluk ve yüksekliklerinin literatürdeki değerlerle uyumlu olduğu fakat sera genişliğinin literatürdeki değerlerden yüksek olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Resistance reactions of onion landraces collected from Turkey to the stem and bulb nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci
Authors: YAVUZASLANOGLU Elif , ÖZSOY Volkan Soner
Published: July 2020

A total of 27 accessions of different onion landraces from Turkey were screened for their resistance to stem and bulb nematode. The study was carried out in a growth chamber at 20°C, with a 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod and at 70% relative humidity. The plants were grown in 7 X 8 cm diameter plastic pots filled with a mixture of 45% sand, 45% clay loam soil, 10% organic matter. Two hundred nematodes in 10 µl nematode suspension were inoculated to each plant at the 3-4 leaves stage. Plants were harvested six weeks after inoculation and number of nematodes was counted. Onion landraces that had low nematode reproduction were subjected to a second screening test. The landraces were classified from moderately resistant to highly susceptible according to their nematode reproduction in comparison to susceptible standard cultivar Betapanko. Accession 30 had the lowest number of nematodes in the both experiments and was classified moderately resistant and moderately susceptible in the first and second experiments, respectively. The accessions 23 and 25 had lower number of nematodes relative to standard cultivar and were classified as moderately susceptible in conclusion.
The Very Poetry of Motion
Authors: DeCoste Katherine
Published: July 2020

Believed to have begun with Han noble families, and eventually spreading to most classes of Chinese society, footbinding refers to the practice of restricting the foot's growth to maintain a small form and specific shape, and was practiced on Chinese girls from a young age until the twentieth century. When British missionaries began activity in China, they became concerned with footbinding and sought to eradicate the ancient traditional practice. Examining the work of both orthodox and revisionist historians alongside primary texts written by missionaries in the nineteenth century, this paper studies why missionaries objected to footbinding and how the anti-footbinding movement gained traction in China. Ultimately, British missionaries misinterpreted the cultural meaning of footbinding, and their methods of eradicating the practice reflected this misunderstanding. Missionaries saw footbinding as patriarchal, regressive, and sexually perverse; in reality, footbinding's meaning was connected to nationalism and ethnic identity. Therefore, when Chinese activists began to perpetuate anti-footbinding propaganda, they nationalized anti-footbinding discourse, seeking to remove British influence from the movement. The paper is concerned with how missionary condemnation of footbinding constituted cultural imperialism, and why this process was successful in missionary activity in the late Qing period (the latter half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century).
External debt of Indonesia: From debt-led growth to growth-led debt?
Authors: Kusumasari Dita
Published: July 2020

Indonesia has received external debt as an external source of finance to fill in the investment-saving gap in achieving economic growth to improve social welfare. Despite Indonesian economy is able to recover to some extent, based on Bank Indonesia (2018), Indonesia’s external debt at the end of Q2/2018 still amounted to USD 355,7 billion; consisting of government and central bank external debt of USD 179.7 billion, as well as private sector (including state-owned enterprises) external debt of USD 176.0 billion. Therefore, this study aims to examine the trend and impact of external debt on economic growth in the context of Indonesia’s economy. If external debt is found to lead to debt trap, or already in the condition of growth-led debt, its benefits for economic development should be reviewed properly and government policies regarding external debt need to be redesigned. This study is a qualitative research in the form of case study of External Debt and its critical impact in Indonesia. Through observation, data comparison and literature study, it is found that external debt of Indonesia has been dominated by US Dollar and Japanese Yen, which assumed to cause surge in debt repayment.
The Failure of Providing Human Security For Rohingya Refugees (Case Study: Escaping Rohingya Refugees From Shelter In Skb Bireuen, Aceh Province)
Authors: Novialdi Risky
Published: July 2020

This paper analyses the failure to provide humanitarian security for Rohingya refugees at the Sanggar Kegiatan Bersama (SKB) in Bireuen, Aceh. Humanitarian protection should provide security and comfort for Rohingya refugees. However, according to a local newspaper 'Serambi', on 15 February 2019 there were only 11 Rohingya refugees living in the Bireuen SKB. This number increased to 79 people on 20 April 2019. This means that Aceh has failed to provide human security for Rohingya refugees. What exactly caused this failure? While Aceh has provided human security in a political context, it has been unable to provide human security in an economic sense. In addition, there have been allegations that Rohingya refugees in Aceh are not only seeking asylum but also trying to find work. From initial observation until 15 April 2019, only two people were still living in the SKB as refugees. The other refugees had escaped from the shelter. This paper draws on interviews and direct observation at the Bireuen SKB.
Transition to higher education; prospective and retrospective student experiences
Authors: Piper Ian , Kelly Alison Faith , Mulrooney Hilda Mary
Published: July 2020

Pre-university (foundation or Level 3) study attracts significant student numbers annually, but approximately 10% of successful Level 3 students do not progress into their university degrees. This project aimed to identify the experiences of current and previous Level 3 students, using questionnaires and focus groups to explore differences by gender, ethnicity and intention to study. One hundred and two current and 56 previous level 3 students participated. Those who felt part of the university were significantly more likely to agree that the foundation course met their expectations. Personal support from academic staff, was highly ranked by students in all year groups, peaking in the final year. Despite considerable student diversity, the foundation year met expectations. However this was significantly lower for Black students compared with other ethnicities, which needs further exploration. Fostering ‘belonging’ to university is important for foundation year students to improve retention rates into their degree courses.
Cheios do Espírito Santo, para servir. Ênfases pneumatológicas do Diaconado
Authors: Maçaneiro Marcial , Rigoni Miguel
Published: July 2020

Em vista de um diaconado missionário, que responda eclesialmente aos sinais dos tempos, este artigo busca explicitar as enfases pneumatologicas que este ministério comporta, a luz da Palavra de Deus e do magistério da Igreja, em vista da evangelização. A abordagem é dinâmica, em atenção aos apelos e buscas pastorais que tocam o diaconado, na voz dos pontífices – de Paulo VI (Evangelii Nuntiandi e Ad pascendum) até Francisco (Evangelii Gaudium) – e com exame das Conclusões de Puebla e Aparecida. Todo esse acervo é lido em chave pneumatológica, a partir da narrativa lucana da eleição dos Sete Diáconos, cuja expressão “cheios do Espírito” (At 6,3: plereis pneumatos) é assumida como critério articulador da reflexão. Ao concluir, sao apresentadas as perspectivas para o diaconado em cinco âmbitos de ação do Pneuma: a caridade, a verdade, a unidade, a missão e a Criação.Abstract: In view of a missionary diaconate, which respond ecclesially to the signs of the times, this article seeks to explain the pneumatological emphases that this ministry implies, in the light of the Word of God and the Church’s magisterium, in view of evangelization. The approach is dynamic, taking into account the pastoral appeals and searches that touch the diaconate, in the voice of the pontiffs – from Paul VI (Evangelii Nuntiandi and Ad pascendum) to Francis (Evangelii Gaudium) –and with an examination of the Conclusions of Puebla and Aparecida Conferences. This set of documents is read in a pneumatological key, based on the Lucan narrative of the election of the Seven Deacons, whose expression “filled with the Spirit” (At 6.3: plereis pneumatos) is assumed as an articulating criterion for reflection. In conclusion, the prospects for the diaconate are presented in five areas of action of Pneuma: charity, truth, unity, mission, and Creation.Keywords: Diaconate; Pentecost; Pneumatology; Church’s Magisterium; Mission.
Introibo ad altare Dei (Sl 42,4). Uma antífona para “com-pose” a procissão da comunhão
Authors: Silva Jerônimo Pereira
Published: July 2020

Desde a Antiguidade a lex orandi da Igreja selecionou versículos da Sagrada Escritura (lectio divina), que, depois de artisticamente musicados (lex canendi), se tornaram formas rituais (lex celebrandi) chamadas “antífonas”. A celebração eucarística é ritmada por três antífonas: da Entrada; do Ofertório e da Comunhão. O presente artigo, dividido em três partes, desenvolve um estudo sobre a terceira delas. Na primeira parte, o Autor apresenta a Antífona da Comunhão in genere e nas segunda e terceira trata especificamente da Antífona da Comunhão ad libtum para as missas do Comum da Dedicação das Igrejas, Introibo ad altare Dei, como vem apresentada pelo Graduale Romanum. A conclusão do artigo se apresenta como uma leitura mistagógica do complexo procissão para a comunhão, altar e Antífona da Comunhão. Abstract: Since the first centuries, the Church’s lex orandi has selected some Scriptural verses (lectio divina), which, after having been artistically set to music (lex canendi), became a ritual form (lex celebrandi) called Antiphon. In the Eucharistic Celebration we can find three Antiphons: the Introit, the Offertory and the Communion. This article, split in three different sections, is a study of the third one. In the first section, the author presents the Communion’s Antiphon in general. In the second and in the third ones, he specifically discusses the ad libitum Antiphon Introibo ad altare Dei, as appointed in the Graduale Romanum for the Churches’ Dedication Masses.The article’s conclusion shows a mystagogical overview of the ritual whole including: Communion’s Procession, Altar and Communion’s Antiphon.Keywords: Antiphon; Procession; Eucharist; Altar; Music/Chant
Contemplative life as an ideal of blessing in Thomas Aquinas’ moral philosophy
Authors: Pichler Nadir Antonio , Oliveira Talia Castilhos de
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the text is to describe and analyze the contemplative life as an ideal of beatitude in the moral philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. By assimilating, remodeling and criticizing the ancient and medieval philosophical-theological tradition, Thomas structures an original and complex synthesis, immersing itself in the essence of the divine nature through knowledge and in the human soul through the contemplative life, and from there to erect the pillars of an ontology theocentric, where God is the supreme good and promoter of human happiness, the first principle of all reality. From him comes the world, man and all creatures, and everything tends to return to its essence, in a special the man. For this reason, God is the alpha and omega, propitiator of the deepest beatitude. The text is organized into four items: the context of beatitude, the excellence of the intellectual soul by the activity of the contemplative life, the reasons for the contemplative life and the comparison between the active and the contemplative life. Síntese: O objetivo do texto é descrever e analisar a vida contemplativa como ideal de beatitude na filosofia moral de Tomás de Aquino. Assimilando, remodelando e criticando a tradição filosófico-teológica antiga a medieval, Tomás estrutura uma síntese original e complexa, mergulhando na essencia da natureza divina pelo conhecimento e na alma humana pela vida contemplativa, para, a partir daí, erigir os pilares de uma ontologia teocentrica, onde Deus é o bem supremo e promotor da felicidade humana, o primeiro princípio de toda a realidade. Dele procede o mundo, o homem e todas as criaturas, e tudo tende a retornar a sua essencia, de modo especial, o homem. Por isso, Deus é o alfa e o ômega, propiciador da mais profunda beatitude. O texto está organizado em quatro itens: Contexto da beatitude, a excelência da alma intelectiva pela atividade da vida contemplativa, as razoes da vida contemplativa e a comparaçao entre a vida ativa e a contemplativa.Palavras-chave: Beatitude; Vida contemplativa; Filosofia moral; Tomás de Aquino; Deus.
LITERASI KEUANGAN, PERSEPSI DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS BERASURANSI
Authors: Wibowo Devi Ria
Published: July 2020

Asuransi timbul karena kebutuhan manusia yang tidak terbatas, namun alat pemuas kebutuhan yang terbatas. Salah satunya perlindungan terhadap rasa aman. Kebutuhan terhadap perlindungan asuransi bersumber dari keinginan untuk mengatasi ketidakpastian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pada literasi keuangan dan persepsi terhadap loyalitas berasuransi serta di mediasi kepercayaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan SEM pada WarpPLS, terdapat 188 responden di Indonesia yang menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, literasi keuangan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas berasuransi. Persepsi dan Kepercayaan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas berasuransi. Kepercayaan memediasi pengaruh literasi keuangan dan persepsi terhadap loyalitas berasuransi. Kata kunci                 : Literasi Keuangan; Persepsi; Kepercayaan; Asuransi
RISIKO, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITAS, CAPITAL TERHADAP KESEHATAN BANK UMUM SWASTA NASIONAL DEVISA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rahayuningtyas Shanty , Kristijadi Emanuel
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study was determine whether CKPN, ALR, BOPO, IRR, GCG, ROA and ETA have a significant effect either simultaneously or in part. This study used the population of the National Private Foreign Exchange Bank in Indonesia, with a purposive sampling technique. The data used are secondary data taken from the Financial Services Authority website and the Infobank Research Bureau, with data collection methods using the documentation method and data analyzed using panel data and multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that CKPN, ALR, BOPO, IRR, GCG, ROA and ETA simultaneously have a significant effect on the Health Scores of National Foreign Exchange Private Banks in Indonesia. CKPN, ALR, GCG partially have insignificant negative influence, BOPO and ETA partially have insignificant positive influence, IRR partially has significant negative influence and ROA partially has a significant positive effect on the Health Score of Private Foreign Exchange National Banks in Indonesia. Keywords                   : Business Risk; Good Corporate Governance; Health Score ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah CKPN, ALR, BOPO, IRR, GCG, ROA dan ETA memiliki pengaruh signifikan baik secara simultan atau sebagian terhadap Skor Kesehatan Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan populasi Bank Nasional Devisa Swasta di Indonesia, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diambil dari situs web Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Biro Riset Infobank, dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dan data dianalisis menggunakan data panel serta regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CKPN, ALR, BOPO, IRR, GCG, ROA dan ETA secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Skor Kesehatan Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa di Indonesia. CKPN, BOPO, ALR, GCG dan ETA secara parsial memiliki pengaruh tidak signifikan, IRR secara parsial memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan dan ROA secara parsial memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Skor Kesehatan Bank Nasional Devisa Swasta di Indonesia. Kata kunci                  : Risiko Usaha; Good Corporate Governance; Skor Kesehatan
A Comprehensive Approach to the Study of Human Traces at the Current Stage
Authors: Maylis N. P.
Published: July 2020

The article deals with topical issues of complex research on the traces of hands, teeth, lips as well as mechanical damage of clothing. The features and specifics of each type of research in the course of complex examinations are indicated. The author emphasizes the need for further research in the field of the complex studies of fingerprinting and dermatoglyphics, the development of a comprehensive methodology for the investigation of handprints. Some organizational and methodological aspects of the appointment and production of complex examinations are shown.
Forensic Handwriting Investigation Using Digital Photographic Copies of Documents
Authors: Zhizhina M. V.
Published: July 2020

The study is a part of the research of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. It is the initial stage in the development of methodological recommendations for conducting forensic handwriting examinations of images of handwritten objects in digital photocopies of documents. The author has analyzed the current procedural legislation and judicial practice on the use of digital photocopies of documents in proof, as well as the modern expert practice of handwriting studies concerning the images of handwriting realizations presented in such copies. The analysis has shown that these forensic handwriting studies are being quite actively conducted in both judicial and extrajudicial examinations; however, they acquire the procedural status of evidence in the case. Though, the object remains outside the scope of expert methodological support and a comprehensive systematic review in the theoretical aspect. The author considers this practice unacceptable.

The article reviews a complex of issues related to determining the properties and attributes of images – handwriting objects presented in photocopies of documents, their qualitative characteristics, and other factors essential for conducting forensic handwriting examinations and formulating relevant conclusions.
A Comparison of Ketamine or Etomidate Combined with Xylazine for Intraperitoneal Anesthesia in Four Mouse Strains
Authors: Gergye Crystal H , Zhao Yixuan , Moore Reneé H , Lee Vanessa K
Published: July 2020

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection is a common route of anesthetic administration in mice. Ketamine-xylazine (KX) anesthesia is one of the most widely used IP protocols, but has limitations. Etomidate is an alternative to ketamine that has been used in both human and veterinary medicine
yet has not been widely studied in mice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate etomidate-xylazine (EX) anesthesia as an alternative to KX. We hypothesized that EX would be as safe and effective as KX, with both sex- and strain-dependent differences. Male and female Crl:CD1(ICR), C57BL/6NCrl,
BALB/cJ and NU/J mice were given a single IP dose of ketamine 100 mg/kg and xylazine 10 mg/kg or etomidate 20 mg/kg and xylazine 10 mg/kg. Sedation times were similar between KX and EX, with CD1 mice exhibiting shorter sedation times. Surgical anesthesia was achieved in 44% of EX mice, compared
with 4% of KX mice. C57BL/6NCrl mice were significantly more likely to achieve surgical anesthesia when given EX (94%) or KX (18%) than were other strains. In all strains except C57BL/6NCrl mice, females were more likely to reach surgical anesthesia than males. Several mice experienced an
adverse hyperexcitement response during induction, with BALB/cJ (79%) and NU/J (87%) mice given EX significantly more likely than other strains to experience hyperexcitement. EX and KX protocols had no overall differences in lowest respiration rate, lowest systolic blood pressure, lowest rectal
temperature, or levels of acidosis, although the lowest heart rates were significantly higher with EX, indicating that EX and KX have similar safety profiles. Thus, EX and KX administration were associated with several significant physiologic differences when comparing sexes or individual
strains. Our results indicate that EX is an equally effective sedative and a more effective surgical anesthetic than KX; however, EX is only recommended for invasive procedures in C57BL/6 mice due to the high rate of hyper-excitement and inconsistent surgical depth seen in other strains. Further
study is needed to optimize EX for use in multiple mouse strains.
Compressed Paper as an Alternative to Corn Cob Bedding in Mouse (Mus musculus) Cages
Authors: Pallas Brooke D , Keys Dawn M , Bradley Michael P , Vernasco-Price Elizabeth J , Sanders Joe D , Allen Portia S , Freeman Zachary T
Published: July 2020

Bedding material is a critical component of the mouse environment and affects animal wellbeing and research integrity. Corn cob (CC) bedding has been a common bedding choice in research despite several potential negative aspects of its use. We investigated the use of compressed paper
(CP) bedding as a refinement to CC bedding. CP bedding demonstrated greater total and immediate absorption, compared with CC bedding. CP-bedded cages had a reduced frequency of early cage changing prior to the Guide-recommended 2-wk interval for IVC; this reduction was proportional
to room census. Intracage ammonia levels were lower in CP-bedded IVC compared with CC-bedded IVC, independent of the age, sex, and number of mice per cage. By contrast, ammonia levels were similar between CP-bedded and CC-bedded static cages. Collectively, these data support the use of CP
bedding as a refinement for CC in ventilated mouse cages, in light of increased husbandry efficiency and its positive effect on the welfare of mice.
CONTEMPORARY ASSORTMENT OF APPLE IN CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION AND PROSPECTS OF GENE POOL OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING IN SELECTION
Authors: Krasova N. G. , Galasheva А. М. , Korolyev Е. Yu.
Published: July 2020

Studies (1972-2019) were carried out on the apple gene pool of VNIISPK by methods of the field assessment of the main production and biological indicators according to generally accepted methods of culivar study. The objects were apple cultivars of various genetic and ecological-geographical origin. A significant improvement in the zoned apple assortment in the Central Chernozem Region was revealed due to the addition of scab-immune, triploid cultivars that combine scab immunity with a triple set of chromosomes, as well as columnar cultivars. Changing conditions require constant updating of the assortment due to the use of new sources of valuable traits in breeding. High resistance to scab (Rvi6 gene) of Moldovan cultivars Koremolda, Koremodet, Romanian cultivars Romus 3 and Romus 4, and Latvian cultivars Baiba, Gita, Dace, Edite was revealed. Wijeik, Tuskan (England), Valuta, Vostorg, Girlianda, Kaskad, Lukomor, Moskovskoye Ozherelie, Poezia, Priokskoye and Sozvezdie can be valuable sources when creating new columnar cultivars (Co gene). The sources of early fruiting, productivity, high commodity and consumer qualities, genotypes with a compact low crown are selected. Valuable sources of high commodity and consumer qualities of fruit of winter ripening cultivars are Gubernskoye, Kondratievskoye, Paskhalnoye, Pervenetz Rtisheva bred at Saratov Experimental Station of Gardening; Belarusian cultivars – Antey, Alesya, Belarusian Sladkoye, Belarusian Malinovoye, Imant, Zorka and foreign cultivars Breburn, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Ligol, Fuji and Honey Crisp. The use of cultivars that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors in breeding, in combination with sources of high quality fruit, will allow creating new cultivars for intensive biologized fruit orchards that ensure competitiveness and high profitability of production.
RESISTANCE TO MILDEW OF SELECTION FAMILY OF RED CURRANT THE BELAYA POTAPENKO × № 1426-21-80
Authors: Kalinina O. O. , Golyaeva O. D. , Panfilova O. V. , Pikunova А. V.
Published: July 2020

Powdery mildew is one of the most harmful fungal diseases that causes economically significant damage to berry plantations. The disease is common in all areas of currant cultivation in the Russian Federation. In this regard, in modern conditions of intensive berry growing, the problem of breeding cultivars that are highly resistant to diseases and pests becomes urgent. Breeders have a difficult task to combine the adaptive potential of the cultivar with its annual high productivity and resistance to biotic environmental factors. When studying the adaptability of introduced cultivars of red currant and selected forms of the Institute to local soil and climate conditions, the following cultivars were identified as sources of economic and useful characteristics and involved in selection: ‘Belaya Potapenko’ as a complex source of resistance powdery mildew and high marketable and taste qualities of berries; SS 1426-21-80 as a source of high productivity and long racemes (raceme length 11-13 cm; up to 20 berries in the raceme). On their base the selection family of red currant has been developed: Belaya Potapenko × ♂SS 1426-21-80. The study of data on the destruction of hybrid seedlings of the selection family by powdery mildew showed that in epiphytotic conditions, the percentage of intensity of the disease development varies over the periods of screening from 0.2% in May to 20.4% in June. Such indicators served as a prerequisite for conducting a comparative test of breeding material in the field under artificial infection with powdery mildew. After artificial infection on the background of epiphytosis, the rate of intensity of the disease development increased slightly and amounted to 35.6% for the family. There were 30 highly resistant seedlings in the family, 10 of which have remained stable and highly resistant since 2018. In these plants we can assume the presence of the so-called field resistance, controlled by polygens, each of which does not give a visible effect of stability, but with different combinations determines one or another of its degree. Highly resistant seedlings will be used in further breeding studies to identify new sources of resistance to powdery mildew.