bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retethering of transected fatty filum terminales
Authors: Ogiwara Hideki , Lyszczarz Arleta , Alden Tord D. , Bowman Robin M. , McLone David G. , Tomita Tadanori
Published: December 2010

Object

Untethering of a tethered spinal cord (TSC) by transecting or removing a fatty filum terminale is a relatively simple procedure that can prevent or ameliorate neurological symptoms, and the postoperative prognosis is usually good. Progressive neurological deterioration caused by recurrent tethering has been rarely reported. The authors present their experience in cases in which a sectioned fatty filum terminale has become retethered.

Methods

The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of pediatric patients with fatty filum terminale–TSC treated by transection of the filum. The patients' charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentation, surgical therapy, and follow-up data.

Results

Of the 225 children who underwent TSC release by sectioning the fatty filum from 1992 to 2005, there were 6 patients (2.7%; 3 males, 3 females) in whom the fatty filum retethered. The mean age at the first diagnosis of TSC was 5.2 years (range 2 months–12.3 years). The mean duration from the first untethering procedure to retethering was 5.4 years. The mean age at the time of retethering was 10.6 years (range 7–17.5 years). Symptoms of retethering were urinary incontinence, low-back pain, difficulty walking, constipation, leg pain, and worsening foot deformity. Patients underwent cystometrography at the time retethering was indicated by increased bladder capacity, large post-void residual volume, decreased bladder capacity, increase in filling pressure, and poor sensation of filling. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed adherence of the rostral stump of the sectioned filum to the midline dorsal dural surface. All patients underwent the second untethering procedure. Four patients improved neurologically and experienced no retethering thereafter (mean follow-up period 5.5 years). Two patients experienced additional retethering after temporary improvement following the second untethering procedure.

Conclusions

Retethering of the spinal cord is a rare condition occurring after the sectioning of a fatty filum terminale. Awareness of this rare sequela is necessary for appropriate long-term management of TSC caused by a fatty filum terminale. Cystometrography is useful for detecting the lesion and confirming the diagnosis of retethering.
Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children
Authors: Jia Wenqing , Ma Zhenyu , Liu Isabelle Yisha , Zhang Yuqi , Jia Ge , Wan Weiqing
Published: December 2010

Object

Pediatric pineal region tumors are very difficult to cure surgically. The authors used the transcallosal interforniceal approach in patients with these lesions.

Methods

One hundred fifty children, 98 boys and 52 girls, with pineal region tumors underwent tumor resection via the transcallosal interforniceal approach in the pediatric neurosurgery ward of TianTan Hospital. The patients ranged in age from 1 to 15 years. Fifty-eight patients had mature teratomas; 57, immature teratomas; 14, astrocytomas; 3, glioblastomas; 4, pineoblastomas; 2, pineocytomas; 4, choriocarcinomas; 4, cavernous hemangiomas; 2, germ cell tumors; and 2, epidermoid cysts.

Results

One hundred twenty-nine tumors were totally removed, 15 were subtotally removed, and 6 were partly removed. There were no deaths and no subsequent instances of disconnection syndrome. Short-term memory deficits appeared in 94 patients but resolved within 6 months in most; only a few patients retained persistent deficits. There were 2 patients with mutism that resolved within 10 days. Parinaud syndrome was observed in 45 patients after surgery; 21 of these cases had appeared preoperatively. The syndrome resolved within 6 months in 31 patients, while it remained in the other 14.

Conclusions

The transcallosal interforniceal approach appears to be a safe route for pineal region tumors in children, and complete resection can be achieved in the majority of patients.
Posterior fossa craniotomy for trapped fourth ventricle in shunt-treated hydrocephalic children: long-term outcome
Authors: Udayakumaran Suhas , Biyani Naresh , Rosenbaum David P. , Ben-Sira Liat , Constantini Shlomi , Beni-Adani Liana
Published: December 2010

Object

Trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) is a rare late complication of postinfectious or posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. This entity is distinct from a large fourth ventricle because TFV entails pressure in the fourth ventricle and posterior fossa due to abnormal inflow and outflow of CSF, causing significant symptoms and signs. As TFV is mostly found in children who were born prematurely and have cerebral palsy, diagnosis and treatment options are a true challenge.

Methods

Between February 1998 and February 2007, 12 children were treated for TFV in Dana Children's Hospital by posterior fossa craniotomy/craniectomy and opening of the TFV into the spinal subarachnoid space. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of relevant data, including pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics, surgical management, and outcome.

Results

Thirteen fenestrations of trapped fourth ventricles (FTFVs) were performed in 12 patients. In 6 patients with prominent arachnoid thickening, a stent was left from the opened fourth ventricle into the spinal subarachnoid space. One patient underwent a second FTFV 21 months after the initial procedure. No perioperative complications were encountered. All 12 patients (100%) showed clinical improvement after FTFV. Radiological improvement was seen in only 9 (75%) of the 12 cases. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 9.5 years (mean 6.11 ± 2.3 years) after FTFV.

Conclusions

Fenestration of a TFV via craniotomy is a safe and effective option with a very good long-term outcome and low rate of morbidity.
A rare case of malignant pediatric ectomesenchymoma arising from the falx cerebri
Authors: Altenburger Dana L. , Wagner Aaron S. , Eslin Don E. , Pearl Gary S. , Pattisapu Jogi V.
Published: December 2010

Malignant ectomesenchymoma is a rare tumor arising from mature ganglion cells with immature myogenous elements, with only 4 pediatric intracranial cases having been previously reported. The authors report a rare case of intracranial malignant ectomesenchymoma originating from the falx cerebri in a 10-year-old boy. The patient presented with a 2-week history of headache, nausea, and blurry vision, with mild lateral gaze diplopia. A CT scan revealed a solitary 7.2 × 3.8–cm dural-based mass that extended along the falx. No metastatic disease was identified, and the lesion was grossly resected without complication. Pathological investigation identified single and small groups of cells in a myxoid background, with polygonal or spindle-shaped cells containing eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical staining of some cells was positive for smooth-muscle actin, CD99, and vimentin, whereas other cells (often process forming) were positive for S100 protein, synaptophysin, and neurofilament protein. Staining was negative for CD138, CD45, α-fetoprotein, CK AE1/3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, CK7, CK20, CD31, CD34, myoD, and desmin. Normal immunopositivity was seen for INI-1. The Ki 67 immunostaining had < 25% reactivity. The patient was treated with a sarcoma-based chemotherapy regimen and radiation to the craniospinal axis, and was found to be without recurrence or metastatic disease at 20 months.
The “swing-ding”: a golf-related head injury in children
Authors: Wang Arthur , Cohen Alan R. , Robinson Shenandoah
Published: December 2010

Object

In recent years there has been an increased incidence of golf-associated head injuries in children and adolescents. At the authors' institution, they have identified a unique pattern of head injury associated with a swinging golf club. In this study, the authors highlight the mechanism of this injury and report their experience treating it.

Methods

The authors reviewed the database of Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital Trauma Center and performed a retrospective analysis of golf injuries recorded over a 10-year period (January 2000–April 2010). They identified 13 children (9 boys and 4 girls) who sustained head injuries in golfing accidents. All patients were 10 years of age or younger. The medical charts were reviewed and follow-up interviews were conducted to better delineate the details of the injuries.

Results

Injuries included 13 depressed skull fractures, 7 epidural hematomas, and 1 cerebral contusion. All 13 patients sustained their injuries after being struck in the head by a golf club. Seven sustained injuries on the follow-through of the initial swing and 3 sustained injuries on the backswing. All but one patient required neurosurgical intervention. Five patients developed neurological sequelae. None of the children had prior experience with golf equipment. All but one injury occurred in the child's own backyard. There was no direct supervision by an adult in any of the cases.

Conclusions

Golfing can lead to serious head injuries in children. The authors noticed a unique pattern of golf-related head injuries, previously not described, that they have termed the “swing-ding.” This golf club–inflicted injury occurs when a child stands too close to a swinging golfer and is struck in the head, subsequently sustaining a comminuted depressed skull fracture in the frontal or temporal region, with or without further intracranial injury. The study suggests that a lack of adult supervision, minimal previous golf experience, and proximity of the child to the swinging golfer are all implicated in this head injury pattern.
Skull-fixated fiducial markers improve accuracy in staged frameless stereotactic epilepsy surgery in children
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Anderson Gregory J. , Roberts Colin M. , Hunt Matthew A. , Selden Nathan R.
Published: December 2010

Object

Surgery to monitor and resect epileptogenic foci may be undertaken in 2 stages, providing an opportunity to use skull-fixated fiducials implanted during the first stage to improve the accuracy of cortical resection during the second stage. This study compared the intrinsic accuracy of skin-based and skull-fixated fiducial markers in registering frameless stereotaxy during pediatric epilepsy surgery. To the authors' knowledge, these modalities of registration have not previously been directly compared in this population.

Methods

The authors undertook a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent resection of epileptogenic foci in 2 stages with frameless stereotactic assistance, performed by a single surgeon at Oregon Health & Science University. For the first stage (subdural grid implantation), 9 skin fiducial markers were used to register anatomical data in a frameless stereotactic station. Intraoperatively, four 3-mm screws were placed circumferentially around the craniotomy. Postoperatively, thin-slice brain MR and CT images were obtained and fused. For the second stage, the 4 screws were used as fiducial markers to register the stereotactic anatomical data. For both stages, accuracy (difference in millimeters from zero of the manual fiducial registration compared with the computer model) was determined using navigation software. The intrinsic accuracy of these 2 methods of fiducial registration was compared using a paired Student t-test.

Results

Between 2004 and 2009, 40 pediatric patients with epilepsy underwent frameless stereotactic surgical procedures. Fourteen patients who had 2-stage procedures using skin-based and skull-fixated registration with complete accuracy data were included in this retrospective review. Mean registration error was significantly lower using skull-fixated fiducials (1.35 mm, 95% CI 1.09–1.60 mm) than using skin-based fiducials (1.85 mm, 95% CI 1.56–2.13 mm; p = 0.0016).

Conclusions

A significantly higher degree of accuracy was achieved using 4 skull-fixated fiducials compared with using 9 skin-based fiducials. This simple and accurate method for registering frameless stereotactic anatomical data does not involve the potential time, expense, discomfort, and morbidity of extraoperative skull-fixated fiducial placement. The method described in this paper could also be extrapolated to other planned 2-stage cranial surgical procedures such as combined skull base approaches.
Large vascular malformation in a child presenting with vascular steal phenomenon managed with pial synangiosis
Authors: Ellis Michael J. , Armstrong Derek , Dirks Peter B.
Published: December 2010

The management of large and giant arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in patients presenting with nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits secondary to vascular steal phenomenon is challenging and controversial. In many cases, large AVMs cannot be completely excised or cured, leaving patients with residual or partially treated AVMs, the natural history of which is unknown. Additionally, large, diffuse vascular malformations with multiple, small feeders, slow flow, or so-called cerebral proliferative angiopathy represent a related but distinct clinical and angiographic entity that may require a different therapeutic approach than traditional brain AVMs. The current management of children with other conditions of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, such as moyamoya disease, involves consideration of surgical revascularization to enhance blood flow to the compromised hemisphere. Here, the authors present the case of a young child with a large thalamic vascular malformation who presented with clinical and radiological features of vascular steal and ischemia. In an effort to augment flow to the hypoperfused brain and protect against future ischemia, the authors treated the child with unilateral pial synangiosis. At 12 months, postoperative angiography demonstrated robust neovascularization, and the child has not sustained any further ischemic events. The authors discuss concept of vascular malformation–related hypoperfusion and the utility of indirect revascularization for inoperable vascular malformations presenting with ischemic symptoms.
Endovascular treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: management strategy and 21-year experience in Toronto
Authors: Li Ai-Hsien , Armstrong Derek , terBrugge Karel G.
Published: December 2010

Object

The treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is among the most challenging of all the neurovascular disorders.

Methods

Between 1984 and 2005, 26 consecutive patients with VGAMs were treated by the authors' group, and their data were prospectively collected; 12 patients presented with congestive heart failure (CHF) and 10 had hydrocephalus. Five patients did not undergo endovascular treatment because of minimal symptoms or severe comorbidities. Twelve patients underwent embolization for refractory CHF requiring ventilation: 7 of these 12 patients had the procedure in the neonatal stage (5 survived), and 5 were treated in infancy or childhood following successful aggressive medical treatment (4 survived). The other 9 patients underwent endovascular surgery to treat a progressively enlarging head circumference; there was imaging evidence of ventricular enlargement and/or signs of developmental delay (6 underwent surgery in infancy and 3 in childhood; 1 patient died).

Results

The survival rate in this series was 76.9% (20 of 26). Fourteen (66.7%) of 21 patients who underwent endovascular treatment had no developmental delay. An analysis of various factors demonstrated that comorbidities and embolization effect (procedure success and long-term effect) were prognostic factors of survival. In addition, the patient's age at embolization was significantly higher in those with developmental delay than in those without (559.86 ± 535.43 days vs 94.83 ± 95.77 days, respectively; p = 0.028).

Conclusions

The authors conclude that neonatal VGAMs can be treated successfully with a strategic approach integrating antenatal diagnosis, endovascular surgery, treatment at intensive care facilities, and the cooperative efforts of different specialties. In the authors' experience, patients in whom VGAM was diagnosed and managed in infancy or childhood had more than 90% long-term survival.
Challenges to the Development and Implementation of Public Policies to Achieve Animal Welfare Outcomes
Authors: Rose Margaret
Published: December 2010

Although there is a long-established tradition of concern for the welfare of animals, it was not until the mid 1800’s that governments sought to enact legislation to protect animals from cruelty. In the 1950’s, questions concerning animal welfare re-emerged and in the ensuing years have been an on-going focus of government activities. These developments occurred against a backdrop of significant social change but there are important differences in what now underpins and informs these considerations. In the formulation and implementation of public policies, governments look for a course of action that represents and protects the interests of the community; the process may be challenging with competing interests but the final determination seeks a middle ground that best meets the needs and interests of the community as a whole. When policy development concerns our relationship with other animals, the complexity of this relationship presents particular challenges not only to the formulation of policies but also to the evaluation of outcomes. Notably, the depth of feelings and diversity of views in our community reflect the complex social, cultural and personal dimensions of this relationship. The use of animals for scientific purposes remains one of the most contentious animal welfare issues primarily because when animals are used for these purposes, accepted animal welfare benchmarks cannot always be met. Based on the Australian experience, this paper will discuss the influences in and on-going challenges to the development and implementation of public policy when animals are used for these purposes.
Food, Paper, Wood, or Energy? Global Trends and Future Swedish Forest Use
Authors: Beland Lindahl Karin , Westholm Erik
Published: December 2010

This paper presents a futures study of international forest trends. The study, produced as part of the Swedish Future Forest program, focuses on global changes of importance for future Swedish forest use. It is based on previous international research, policy documents, and 24 interviews with selected key experts and/or actors related to the forest sector, and its findings will provide a basis for future research priorities. The forest sector, here defined as the economic, social, and cultural contributions to life and human welfare derived from forest and forest-based activities, faces major change. Four areas stand out as particularly important: changing energy systems, emerging international climate policies, changing governance systems, and shifting global land use systems. We argue that global developments are, and will be, important for future Swedish forest use. The forest sector is in transition and forest-, energy, climate- and global land use issues are likely to become increasingly intertwined. Therefore, the “forest sector” must be disembedded and approached as an open system in interplay with other systems.
Computational Docking of Antibody-Antigen Complexes, Opportunities and Pitfalls Illustrated by Influenza Hemagglutinin
Authors: Pedotti Mattia , Simonelli Luca , Livoti Elsa , Varani Luca
Published: January 2011

Antibodies play an increasingly important role in both basic research and the pharmaceutical industry. Since their efficiency depends, in ultimate analysis, on their atomic interactions with an antigen, studying such interactions is important to understand how they function and, in the long run, to design new molecules with desired properties. Computational docking, the process of predicting the conformation of a complex from its separated components, is emerging as a fast and affordable technique for the structural characterization of antibody-antigen complexes. In this manuscript, we first describe the different computational strategies for the modeling of antibodies and docking of their complexes, and then predict the binding of two antibodies to the stalk region of influenza hemagglutinin, an important pharmaceutical target. The purpose is two-fold: on a general note, we want to illustrate the advantages and pitfalls of computational docking with a practical example, using different approaches and comparing the results to known experimental structures. On a more specific note, we want to assess if docking can be successful in characterizing the binding to the same influenza epitope of other antibodies with unknown structure, which has practical relevance for pharmaceutical and biological research. The paper clearly shows that some of the computational docking predictions can be very accurate, but the algorithm often fails to discriminate them from inaccurate solutions. It is of paramount importance, therefore, to use rapidly obtained experimental data to validate the computational results.
Pain, Spirituality, and Meaning Making: What Can We Learn from the Literature?
Authors: Lysne Carol J. , Wachholtz Amy B.
Published: December 2010

Religion and spirituality are two methods of meaning making that impact a person’s ability to cope, tolerate, and accept disease and pain. The biopsychosocial-spiritual model includes the human spirit’s drive toward meaning-making along with personality, mental health, age, sex, social relationships, and reactions to stress. In this review, studies focusing on religion’s and spirituality’s effect upon pain in relationship to physical and mental health, spiritual practices, and the placebo response are examined. The findings suggest that people who are self efficacious and more religiously and spiritually open to seeking a connection to a meaningful spiritual practice and/or the transcendent are more able to tolerate pain.
Inference of the Activity Timeline of Cattle Foraging on a Mediterranean Woodland Using GPS and Pedometry
Authors: Ungar Eugene D. , Schoenbaum Iris , Henkin Zalmen , Dolev Amit , Yehuda Yehuda , Brosh Arieh
Published: December 2010

The advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS) has transformed our ability to track livestock on rangelands. However, GPS data use would be greatly enhanced if we could also infer the activity timeline of an animal. We tested how well animal activity could be inferred from data provided by Lotek GPS collars, alone or in conjunction with IceRobotics IceTag pedometers. The collars provide motion and head position data, as well as location. The pedometers count steps, measure activity levels, and differentiate between standing and lying positions. We gathered synchronized data at 5-min resolution, from GPS collars, pedometers, and human observers, for free-grazing cattle (n = 9) at the Hatal Research Station in northern Israel. Equations for inferring activity during 5-min intervals (n = 1,475), classified as Graze, Rest (or Lie and Stand separately), and Travel were derived by discriminant and partition (classification tree) analysis of data from each device separately and from both together. When activity was classified as Graze, Rest and Travel, the lowest overall misclassification rate (10%) was obtained when data from both devices together were subjected to partition analysis; separate misclassification rates were 8, 12, and 3% for Graze, Rest and Travel, respectively. When Rest was subdivided into Lie and Stand, the lowest overall misclassification rate (10%) was again obtained when data from both devices together were subjected to partition analysis; misclassification rates were 6, 1, 26, and 17% for Graze, Lie, Stand, and Travel, respectively. The primary problem was confusion between Rest (or Stand) and Graze. Overall, the combination of Lotek GPS collars with IceRobotics IceTag pedometers was found superior to either device alone in inferring animal activity.
Self-Configuration and Self-Optimization Process in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Authors: Guardalben Lucas , Villalba Luis Javier García , Buiati Fábio , Sobral João Bosco Mangueira , Camponogara Eduardo
Published: December 2010

Self-organization in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) is an emergent research area, which is becoming important due to the increasing number of nodes in a network. Consequently, the manual configuration of nodes is either impossible or highly costly. So it is desirable for the nodes to be able to configure themselves. In this paper, we propose an alternative architecture for self-organization of WMN based on Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and the ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocols as well as using the technology of software agents. We argue that the proposed self-optimization and self-configuration modules increase the throughput of network, reduces delay transmission and network load, decreases the traffic of HELLO messages according to network’s scalability. By simulation analysis, we conclude that the self-optimization and self-configuration mechanisms can significantly improve the performance of OLSR and AODV protocols in comparison to the baseline protocols analyzed.
Flame-Made Nb-Doped TiO2 Ethanol and Acetone Sensors
Authors: Phanichphant Sukon , Liewhiran Chaikarn , Wetchakun Khatcharin , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Tuantranont Adisorn
Published: January 2011

Undoped TiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles doped with 1–5 at.% Nb were successfully produced in a single step by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). The phase and crystallite size were analyzed by XRD. The BET surface area (SSABET) of the nanoparticles was measured by nitrogen adsorption. The trend of SSABET on the doping samples increased and the BET equivalent particle diameter (dBET) (rutile) increased with the higher Nb-doping concentrations while dBET (anatase) remained the same. The morphology and accurate size of the primary particles were further investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The crystallite sizes of undoped and Nb-doped TiO2 spherical were in the range of 10–20 nm. The sensing films were prepared by spin coating technique. The mixing sample was spin-coated onto the Al2O3 substrates interdigitated with Au electrodes. The gas sensing of acetone (25–400 ppm) was studied at operating temperatures ranging from 300–400 °C in dry air, while the gas sensing of ethanol (50–1,000 ppm) was studied at operating temperatures ranging from 250–400 °C in dry air.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in dioecious figs (Ficus, Moraceae)
Authors: Moe Annika M. , Weiblen George D.
Published: December 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers for dioecious fig species, Ficus bernaysii King (section Sycocarpus), Ficus pachyrrhachis K. Schum. & Lauterb. (section Sycocarpus), and Ficus copiosa Steud. (section Sycidium) were developed to estimate gene flow among closely related fig species.

• Methods and Results: Loci were developed from tri‐ and tetranucleotide‐enriched genomic libraries. The six most repeatable and scorable loci for F. bernaysii and F. pachyrrhachis were characterized in 50 individuals each of five species from section Sycocarpus. Four primer pairs from F. copiosa were screened in 50 individuals each of two species from section Sycidium. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.53 to 0.93 in loci developed from F. bernaysii, 0.25 to 0.86 in loci developed from F. pachyrrhachis, and 0.68 to 0.87 in loci developed from F. copiosa.

• Conclusions: Amplification across the two Ficus sections was observed in seven of the ten total primer pairs.
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid Induces P38-Dependent Inflammation in Human Mesothelial Cells
Authors: Riesenhuber Andrea , Kratochwill Klaus , Bender Thorsten O. , Vargha Regina , Kasper David C. , Herzog Rebecca , Salzer Elisabeth , Aufricht Christoph
Published: December 2010

Background

Noninfectious upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in mesothelial cells may represent an integral part of their stress response upon exposure to peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF).

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the stress-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in regulation of inflammatory and stress responses in mesothelial cells following in vitro exposure to PDF.

Materials and Methods

Human peritoneal mesothelial cells were exposed to Dianeal PD4 or Physioneal (Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria) containing 1.36% glucose and then allowed to recover. Phosphorylation of p38, induction of heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, gene transcription, and mRNA stability were assessed with and without the MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580.

Results

Exposure to Dianeal resulted in phosphorylation of p38 within 30 minutes (309% of control, p < 0.05) and increased IL-8 release (370% of control, p < 0.05), HSP70 expression (151% of control, p < 0.05), and LDH release (180% of control, p < 0.05). Exposure to Physioneal resulted in attenuated changes in IL-8, HSP70, and LDH. Addition of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 to Dianeal resulted in dampened IL-8 release (-55%; p < 0.05) and basal HSP70 expression, and unchanged LDH release. Effects of p38 on IL-8 were at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels.

Conclusion

These data confirm concordant p38-dependent upregulation of IL-8 and HSP70 following exposure to bioincompatible PDF. The MAPK p38 pathway therefore links proinflammatory processes and the cellular stress response in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.
How to say things without words: Wordless instructions as texts
Authors: Banks David
Published: December 2010

Beaucoup d’objets ménagers se vendent de nos jours sous forme de kit. Les instructions d’assemblage fournies tantôt mêlent texte et illustrations ; tantôt même sont purement iconographiques. Ce choix présente l’avantage économique de convenir à tous les acheteurs potentiels, quelle que soit leur langue maternelle. Peut-on considérer néanmoins ces documents comme des textes et jusqu’à quel point? Le modèle systémique fonctionnel prévoit trois strates (métafonctions) sémantiques. La métafonction idéationnelle traite de l’aspect référentiel de la signification ; la métafonction interpersonnelle concerne les relations qu’entretient le locuteur avec d’une part ses interlocuteurs et de l’autre son message ; la métafonction textuelle traite de l’aspect de la signification qui fait qu’une chaîne de mots constitue un texte. Les instructions sans paroles possèdent des caractéristiques qui correspondent à chacune de ces trois métafonctions. Par conséquent, on peut émettre l’hypothèse que ces documents, bien que sans paroles, fonctionnent de la même façon qu’un texte écrit.
Alzheimer's Disease and Glaucoma: Imaging the Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Valenti Denise A.
Published: January 2011

Imaging through the visual system in Alzheimer's disease, with the technology currently in widespread use for the diagnosis and management of eye disease such as glaucoma and macular degeneration, is proving to be promising. In vivo cross-section imaging during an annual comprehensive eye exam has been available for a decade for glaucoma and macular degeneration, and this same imaging, using Optical Coherence Tomography, has been demonstrated to show deficits specific to AD and mild cognitive impairment. These deficits are in the form of nerve fiber layer tissue drop out in the retina and optic nerve. The retrograde loss of nerve fiber layer tissue in the retina and optic nerve may be an early biomarker of AD, and these deficits in the nerve fiber layer of the retina and optic nerve may be the earliest sign of AD, even prior to damage to the hippocampal region that impacts memory.
Clinical uses of the medicinal leech
Authors: Porshinsky BS , Saha S , Grossman MD , Beery PR , Stawicki SPA
Published: January 2011

The medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is an excellent example of the use of invertebrates in the treatment of human disease. Utilized for various medical indications since the ancient times, the medicinal leech is currently being used in a narrow range of well-defined and scientifically-grounded clinical applications. Hirudotherapy is most commonly used in the setting of venous congestion associated with soft tissue replantations and free flap-based reconstructive surgery. This is a comprehensive review of current clinical applications of hirudotherapy, featuring a comprehensive search of all major medical search engines (i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, ScientificCommons) and other cross-referenced sources. The authors focus on indications, contraindications, practical application/handling of the leech, and therapy-related complications.
On the Horizontal Monotonicity of |Γ(s)|
Authors: Srinivasan Gopala Krishna , Zvengrowski P.
Published: December 2010

Writing s = σ + it for a complex variable, it is proved that the modulus of the gamma function, |Γ(s)|, is strictly monotone increasing with respect to σ whenever |t| > 5/4. It is also shown that this result is false for |t| ≤ 1.
Toward an Understanding of Mothering: A Comparison of Two Motherhood Stages
Authors: Francis-Connolly Elizabeth
Published: January 2011

Objective. This study sought to understand the tasks and activities involved in the caring and nurturing work of mothering, a common and important occupation for many women.

Method. In-depth, semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 40 mothers: 20 mothers of preschool-age children and 20 mothers of young adults. In addition, participants completed a questionnaire describing the tasks and activities that they currently engage in when caring for their children.

Results. The activities involved in mothering are different for the mothers at the two stages of mothering examined. The mothers of preschool-age children are very involved in caretaking tasks and meeting the basic needs of the child, whereas the mothers of young adults are involved in emotional and supportive type activities. Mothers at both stages are involved in caring and nurturing work but this work evolves and changes as children mature.

Conclusion. These findings extend our awareness of mothering and the tasks and activities involved in the occupation of mothering at both the preschool stage and young-adult stage.
Mothering Young Children With Disabilities in a Challenging Urban Environment
Authors: Olson Judith , Esdaile Susan
Published: January 2011

Objective. This study examined the occupations of mothering very young children with physical disabilities.

Method. Two single, urban, Black mothers in their mid-20s were interviewed with a semistructured protocol. The audiotaped, transcribed data were analyzed with a phenomenological method.

Results. The context of the challenging urban environment was a constant influence that shaped the participants’ occupations of mothering. The major overarching theme derived from the data was that mothering was “what I got to do” in relation to their particular child. Two subthemes were identified: (a) mothering as caring and (b) the impact of social supports on the occupations of mothering.

Conclusion. To plan meaningful, effective interventions, occupational therapy practitioners need to understand the context in which mothering occupations occur and to ensure that mothers’ caring occupations and social support needs are addressed in the therapeutic partnership.
Evolving Narratives in the Course of Retirement: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jonsson Hans , Josephsson Staffan , Kielhofner Gary
Published: January 2011

This paper presents results from the second phase of a longitudinal study of retirement. Data were gathered through interviews with 29 participants (65 to 66 years of age) who had previously been interviewed when they were 63 to 64 years of age and still working. Data were analyzed by characterizing each subject’s narrative about retirement in terms of its narrative slope—progressive, stability, or regressive. These current narratives also were compared with the earlier narratives these participants told. It was found that, while anticipatory narratives may predispose persons toward action, they are not so much a fixed “script for action” as an orientation to act within circumstances. While participants’ narratives anticipating retirement often turned out as expected, they were sometimes reshaped as a consequence of personal action, external events, and unexpected experiences within new retirement occupations. The study suggests that, while narratives play a role in shaping the direction of persons lives, they also interweave with and change directions as a result of ongoing life events and experiences.
The Evaluation of Sensory Processing: A Validity Study Using Contrasting Groups
Authors: Johnson-Ecker Cheryl L. , Parham L. Diane
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a sensory history questionnaire using contrasting groups. Specifically, the goal was to identify items on the Evaluation of Sensory Processing that differentiate between parent ratings of children with sensory integrative dysfunction and parent ratings of typically developing children. Data were collected from 30 parents of children with sensory integrative dysfunction and 59 parents of typically developing children. Items were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed rank test to detect the difference between the parent ratings for the 30 children with sensory integrative dysfunction and 30 of the typically developing children who were matched to the dysfunctional children on age, ethnicity, gender, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. Eighty-four of the 200 items significantly (p <.05) distinguished between parents’ ratings of children with and without sensory integrative dysfunction.
Relationship Between Choice and Quality of Life Among Residents in Long-Term-Care Facilities
Authors: Duncan-Myers Audrey M. , Huebner Ruth A.
Published: January 2011

Objective. This study tested the association between perceptions of personal control and quality of life among older persons.

Method. Two self-report instruments, The Quality of Life Rating (QOLR) and the Duncan Choice Index (DCI), were administered to 21 residents in a long-term-care facility. The DCI was developed for this study to measure the amount of choice available in 29 self-care and leisure activities.

Results. A significant positive correlation (r = .54; p = .01) between the amount of choice residents perceive they have and their quality of life was found. The DCI was shown to be reliable with preliminary evidence of construct validity.

Conclusion. Enhancing personal control in everyday life may be associated with improved quality of life. Occupational therapy strategies to empower residents through increasing choice and control include increasing community in the facility emphasizing personal responsibility, and enabling choices in everyday tasks.
ADL Performance of Black Americans and White Americans on the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills
Authors: Stauffer Lisa M. , Fisher Anne G. , Duran Leslie
Published: January 2011

Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), an assessment of personal and domestic activities of daily living (ADL) performance, can be used as a valid, nonbiased tool when assessing black Americans.

Method. The participants were 466 blacks and 466 whites drawn from the entire sample of blacks and whites contained in the AMPS database who met the following criteria: (a) were 16 years of age and older; (b) had a notable history of a neurological, musculoskeletal, medical, developmental, cognitive, or psychiatric disorders or were healthy older persons; and (c) resided in North America. The participants were matched according to functional level, gender, diagnosis, and age. Examination for bias included between - group comparison of (a) item difficulty and task challenge hierarchies of the AMPS, (b) goodness-of-fit of the participants to the many-faceted Rasch (MFR) model, and (c) mean ADL motor and ADL process abilities.

Results. Both the item difficulty and the task challenge hierarchies remained stable between the two groups. On the ADL Motor scale, 95.3% of the black participants and 92.4% of the white participants demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit (MS ≤ 1.4 , z < 2) to the MFR model. On the ADL Process scale, 91.2% of the black participants and 90.1% of the white participants demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit. A significant difference, t(2, 930) = 3.56, p < .01, between the two groups was found in mean ADL process ability, but no significant difference, t(2, 930) = .69, p = .49) was found in mean ADL motor ability.

Conclusion. The results of this study support the validity of the AMPS when applied to black Americans.
Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Aschmann J. , Sinnhuber B.-M. , Chipperfield M. P. , Hossaini R.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Stratospheric bromine loading due to very short-lived substances is investigated with a three-dimensional chemical transport model over a period of 21 years using meteorological input data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1989 to the end of 2009. Within this framework we analyze the impact of dehydration and deep convection on the amount of stratospheric bromine using an idealized and a detailed full chemistry approach. We model the two most important brominated short-lived substances, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), assuming a uniform detrainment mixing ratio of 1 part per trillion by volume (pptv) for both species. The contribution of very short-lived substances to stratospheric bromine varies drastically with the applied dehydration mechanism and the associated scavenging of soluble species ranging from 3.4 pptv in the idealized setup up to 5 pptv using the full chemistry scheme. In the latter case virtually the entire amount of bromine originating from very short-lived source gases is able to reach the stratosphere thus rendering the impact of dehydration and scavenging on inorganic bromine in the tropopause insignificant. Furthermore, our long-term calculations show that the mixing ratios of very short-lived substances are strongly correlated to convective activity, i.e. intensified convection leads to higher amounts of very short-lived substances in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere especially under extreme conditions like El Niño seasons. However, this does not apply to the inorganic brominated product gases whose concentrations are anti-correlated to convective activity mainly due to convective dilution and possible scavenging, depending on the applied approach.
The concept of exchangeability in ensemble forecasting
Authors: Bröcker J. , Kantz H.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. A set of random variables is exchangeable if its joint distribution function is invariant under permutation of the arguments. The concept of exchangeability is discussed, with a view towards potential application in evaluating ensemble forecasts. It is argued that the paradigm of ensembles being an independent draw from an underlying distribution function is probably too narrow; allowing ensemble members to be merely exchangeable might be a more versatile model. The question is discussed whether established methods of ensemble evaluation need alteration under this model, with reliability being given particular attention. It turns out that the standard methodology of rank histograms can still be applied. As a first application of the exchangeability concept, it is shown that the method of minimum spanning trees to evaluate the reliability of high dimensional ensembles is mathematically sound.
From the archive: ‘Managing split‐attention and redundancy in multimedia instruction’ by S. Kalyuga, P. Chandler, & J. Sweller (1999). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 351–371 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Paul Ayres – Associate Editor
Published: January 2011

This paper has been cited on over 100 occasions according to both the Web of Science and Scopus, with over 300 citations in Google Scholar. It is significant because it investigated three major effects in multimedia instructional design simultaneously: split‐attention, modality and the redundancy effect. Split‐attention occurs when text and diagrams are separated from each other and the learner is required to integrate the two sources together. Redundancy occurs when the two sources contain overlapping material. The study not only showed that split‐attention could be avoided by modality effects (aligning pictures and spoken narrative) but also by directing the learner's attention through colour coding techniques. Interactions with redundancy were also identified. These findings influenced both instructional designers and researchers in the decade that followed.
From the archive: ‘Durable and generalized effects of spatial experience on mental rotation: Gender differences in growth patterns’ by M. S. Terlecki, N. S. Newcombe, & M. Little (2008). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 996–1013 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Robert F. Belli – SARMAC Editor 2005–2010
Published: January 2011

Among the many excellent papers that I accepted for publication, Terlecki, et al. was one of the best. In exploring gender differences in spatial cognition, Terlecki et al. presented a methodologically and analytically rigorous study that provides both theoretical and applied insights. Findings suggest that even if the often observed gender differences in spatial ability—in which men outperform women—are biologically based, experience with spatial tasks leads to notable improvements among both men and women. The results have practical importance: women who report the most impoverished history of spatial experience are those for whom exposure to spatial tasks has the least impact initially, but additional exposure eventually produces the most rapidly improving results. Hence, one should not give up on training too easily; early discouraging performance is not predictive of eventual outcome, as long as the training persists. These results suggest viewing any genetic contributions to differences as calling for enriching, and not depressing, the environments of those who are most affected.
From the archive: ‘Testimony and evidence: A scientific case study of memory for child sexual abuse’ by S. Bidrose & G. S. Goodman (2000). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 197–213 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Kathy Pezdek – SARMAC Editor 1995–1999
Published: January 2011

Over the past 25 years, Applied Cognitive Psychology had been an outlet for research that is both theoretically strong and has important applied implications. There are many articles during my tenure as Editor that reflect these qualities. However, one of the papers that I continue to be impressed with is this paper. In this study ‐ much like Neisser's (1981) case study of John Dean ‐ the authors compared the testimony of four girls regarding their alleged sexual abuse, with actual documentary evidence recorded by the leader of a ‘sex ring’. Approximately 80% of the girls' allegations were confirmed. This study is noteworthy because it provides real‐world data that addresses compelling questions regarding the reliability of children's abuse memories.
From the archive: ‘Individual differences in children's suggestibility: A review and synthesis’ by M. Bruck & L. Melnyk (2004). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 947–996 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Martine Powell – Australasian Editor 2001–2009
Published: January 2011

This paper reviewed research on the association of children's suggestibility with cognitive, psycho‐social and demographic variables. It is impressive, both in scope and depth of analysis. The results of more than 500 measures derived from 69 published and unpublished studies were synthesized with several levels of analysis. Discussion focused on potential mechanisms that underlie suggestibility effects, the interactions between variables and how findings differ depending upon the component of suggestibility examined. Bruck and Melnyk concluded that apart from intellectual status, a strong case could not be made for any other variable being critical. Methodological and conceptual limitations were discussed in an effort to establish how these might have contributed to non‐significant results and could be addressed in future research.