bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of optimal reference genes in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) for normalization of stress‐responsive genes after challenge with pesticides
Authors: Zhao Zi‐qin , Zheng Kai‐yi , Ou Qi , Xu Ping‐zhen , Qin Sheng , Sun Xia , Li Mu‐wang , Wu Yang‐chun , Wang Xue‐yang
Published: March 2022

Pesticides are frequently used to control pests in agriculture due to their ease of use and effectiveness, but their use causes serious economic losses to sericulture when their production overlaps with agriculture. However, no suitable internal reference genes (RGs) have been reported in the study of silkworms in response to pesticides. In this study, a standard curve was established to detect the expression levels of seven RGs in different tissues of different silkworm strains after feeding with pesticides using reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), including BmGAPDH, BmActin3, BmTBP, BmRPL3, Bm28sRNA, Bmα‐tubulin, and BmUBC, and the stability of them was evaluated by using NormFinder, geNorm, Delta CT, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The results showed that BmGAPDH and Bmα‐tubulin were relatively stable in the midgut after feeding with fenvalerate, BmGAPDH and Bmactin3 were relatively stable in the fat body, and Bmα‐tubulin and Bmactin3 were relatively stable in the hemolymph, indicating that Bmactin3 was the most suitable RG when evaluating fenvalerate, followed by BmGAPDH and Bmα‐tubulin. Besides, BmGAPDH and Bmactin3 were relatively stable in the midgut after treatment with DDVP, BmGAPDH and Bmα‐tubulin were relatively stable in the fat body, and BmGAPDH and Bmα‐tubulin were relatively stable in the hemolymph, indicating that Bmα‐tubulin was the most stable RG when evaluating DDVP, followed by BmGAPDH and Bmactin3. Of note, BmGAPDH was shared by the two pesticides. The results will be valuable for RG selection in studying the pesticide response mechanism of silkworms and other lepidopteran insects.
Isatin thiazoles as antidiabetic: Synthesis, in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities, kinetics, and in silico studies
Authors: Solangi Mehwish , Kanwal  , Khan Khalid M. , Chigurupati Sridevi , Saleem Faiza , Qureshi Urooj , Ul‐Haq Zaheer , Jabeen Almas , Felemban Shatha G. , Zafar Fatima , Perveen Shahnaz , Taha Muhammad , Bhatia Saurabh
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases nowadays. Several marketed drugs are available for the cure and treatment of diabetes, but there is still a dire need of introducing compatible drug molecules with lesser side effects. The current study is based on the synthesis of isatin thiazole derivatives 4–30 via the Hantzsch reaction. The synthetic compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition potential. Of 27 isatin thiazoles, five (4, 5, 10, 12, and 16) displayed good activities against the α‐amylase enzyme with IC50 values in the range of 22.22 ± 0.02–27.01 ± 0.06 µM, and for α‐glucosidase, the IC50 values of these compounds were in the range of 20.76 ± 0.17–27.76 ± 0.17 µM, respectively. The binding interactions of the active molecules within the active site of enzymes were studied with the help of molecular docking studies. In addition, kinetic studies were carried out to examine the mechanism of action of the synthetic molecules as well. Compounds 3a, 4, 5, 10, 12, and 16 were also examined for their cytotoxic effect and were found to be noncytotoxic. Thus, several molecules were identified as good antihyperglycemic agents, which can be further modified to enhance inhibition ability and to find the lead molecule that can act as a potential antidiabetic agent.
Construction of a 2D Layered Phosphorus‐doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride/BiOBr Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Disinfection
Authors: Che Shuya , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhang Lei , Su Dawei , Wang Tianyi , Wang Chengyin
Published: March 2022

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria intimidate the health of human beings all over the world. Although many avenues have been tried, various operating conditions limit their actual applications. Photocatalytic nanomaterials are becoming candidates to be competent for water purification. Here, a novel and more efficient S‐scheme has been engineered between two dimensional (2D) layered phosphorus‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (P‐g‐C3N4) and BiOBr via hydrothermal polymerization to inhibit the recombination of charge and broaden light absorption. The as‐prepared P‐g‐C3N4/BiOBr hybrids exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic disinfection contrast to g‐C3N4/BiOBr in visible wavelengths, suggesting phosphorus doping which adjusts the band structure plays a significant role in the S‐scheme system. And the sterilization rate of multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 28 (AB 28) was 99.9999% within 80 min and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was 99.9%.
Institutional change to support online learners: A case study for student success
Authors: Bartek Carrie , Pellegrino Lauren , White Carol Cutler , Clayton Ashley B.
Published: March 2022

The article presents a case study on institutional change within the context of an online improvement initiative. As part of its quality enhancement plan (QEP) improvement process in support of accreditation reaffirmation, Wake Technical Community College (Raleigh, NC) implemented a multistage change process to engage the college in data‐driven change resulting in the eLearning preparedness initiative (EPIC). EPIC targeted student success in online courses by improving both student and faculty preparedness for online learning and teaching. The article first describes the need for change, provides an overview of the change initiative, then describes the transformational change process and lessons learned. The article closes with guiding questions for community college leaders and online learning change‐agents to consider when planning for and implementing strategies for improving the student experience and supporting online student success.
Potential drug‐drug interaction between tolvaptan and warfarin in a geriatric patient with heart failure
Authors: Nimura Satomi , Kitahara Kanayuki , Ueshima Kazuyo , Mochizuki Yasuhide , Momo Kenji , Shinke Toshiro , Sasaki Tadanori
Published: April 2022

Tolvaptan is a key drug for patients with heart failure. Here, we present a 92‐year‐old woman, whose PT‐INR/dose increased from 1.74 to 3.30 after warfarin and tolvaptan co‐administration, and resulted in a large cerebral infarction after warfarin dose down. Therefore, the interaction between these two drugs may be clinically significant.
Treatment of sick sinus syndrome in a patient with cardiac lymphoma via chemotherapy without pacemaker implantation: A case report
Authors: Hirakawa Yuri , Tsuda Shigeyasu , Sugimoto Takeshi
Published: April 2022

Successful treatment of the acute phase of bradycardia in patients with cardiac lymphoma via medical therapy alone has not been reported. This case report describes the successful treatment of sick sinus syndrome in an 84‐year‐old man with cardiac lymphoma via chemotherapy without pacemaker implantation.
Septate gallbladder: A rare congenital anomaly
Authors: Debaibi Mehdi , Sghair Asma , Sridi Azza , Chouchen Adnen
Published: April 2022

The septate gallbladder is a rare congenital malformation. It is considered a risk factor of complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We are reporting an image in surgery of a septate gallbladder. It was discovered at an adult age. We are showing the difficulty of the diagnosis preoperatively on the radiological find.
Performance Evaluation of KBH4 as Energy Carrier for Shipping Applications
Authors: Düll Andrea , Rohlfs Patrick , Deutschmann Olaf , Börnhorst Marion
Published: March 2022

Non‐fossil fuels are urgently needed for maritime and inland shipping applications to mitigate the sector's adverse impact on the global climate. This study investigates the performance of potassium borohydride (KBH4) as an alternative, carbon‐free energy carrier on the basis of detailed process simulations of the overall energy storage cycle in Aspen Plus®. After optimizing the individual on‐board and off‐board process steps, the feasibility of installing a KBH4‐based energy supply system on board of an inland‐waterway cargo vessel is evaluated and critical process steps are highlighted along with current research challenges.
Douglas M. Ruthven: In Memoriam of a Great Scholar and a Caring Friend
Authors: Kärger Jörg
Published: March 2022

In September 2021, Professor Douglas Morris Ruthven, one of the pioneers of sorption research, passed away completely unexpectedly. The many research areas he has enriched with his contributions include, in particular, the field of diffusion, i.e., the random movement of guest diffusion in nanoporous materials. When NMR diffusometry was first used to study this phenomenon almost half a century ago, discrepancies of up to several orders of magnitude were revealed compared to the values so far generally accepted. Since then, the study of diffusion in nanoporous materials has been a hot topic in sorption research. The essay reports the great merits Doug Ruthven has earned in his life's work in this field. His activities include the refinement of existing and the development of novel measuring techniques just as their application or revealing the governing processes of mass transfer in a given nanoporous host‐guest system. The essay is, above all, a personal thank you from the author to Professor Ruthven for whom initial discrepancies in research results were not cause for quarrels and arguing but for a lifelong friendship.
Photoinduced Merging with Copper‐ or Nickel‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Cyanoalkylarylation of 1,3‐Enynes to Access Multiple Functionalizatized Allenes in Batch and Continuous Flow
Authors: Sun Qi , Zhang Xin‐Peng , Duan Xiu , Qin Long‐Zhou , Yuan Xin , Wu Meng‐Yu , Liu Jie , Zhu Shan‐Shan , Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Guo Kai
Published: March 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A three‐component reaction of 1,3‐enynes and cyclobutanone oxime esters in the presence of aryl boronic acids or organozinc reagents via the photoredox/copper or photoredox/nickel catalysis has been established. This redox‐neutral 1,4‐cyanoalkylarylation reaction has demonstrated mild condition, high catalytic reactivity and wide functional group compatibility, allowing access to a variety of functionalized tetra‐substituted allene derivatives with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity. Moreover, using photocatalytic continuous flow technique to promote this process would result in increased yields (70% in flow vs. 61% in batch), reduced reaction times (7 min in flow vs. 6 h in batch), and easy scale‐up (upgrade to gram scale), showcasing its potential as a synthetic platform.
A hybrid HXPLS‐TMFCC parameterization and DCNN‐SFO clustering based speaker diarization system
Authors: Sailaja C , Maloji Suman , Mannepalli Kasiprasad
Published: April 2022

The speaker diarization is considered to be the process by which the speaker signal is segmented, and the speaker identity is grouped into homogenous regions. The central point behind this scheme is the ability to distinguish between the speaker signal and each speaker signal with the label. As mass communication and meetings grow quickly, the diarization of the speakers is burden to improve the readability of the speech transcript. To solve this problem, tangent weighted mel‐frequency cepstral coefficient (TMFCC) and the extended linear prediction with autocorrelation snapshot feature extraction and the speaker diarization approach proposes a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for clustering and optimization using sailfish optimizer. A new development in the HXLPS extraction method is the holoentropy with extended linear prediction with autocorrelation snapshot. TMFCC makes more efficient and improves the effectiveness of the proposed scheme using lesser energy frame and higher energy framework. When achieve this, the voice activity detection method can recognize speech and non‐speech signals. Therefore, every segmented signal is represented by the d‐vector. The label of the speaker signal is clustered according to the speaker label used in the DCNN. The evaluation methods, like tracking distance, false alarm rate, diarization error rate examine the effectiveness.
Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Fangwen , Cao Fang , Ru Fan Feng , Wu Binghui
Published: April 2022

Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n–i–p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs’ power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies. In this Review, we summarize the design strategies of various common HTMs for n–i–p PSCs are comprehensively discussed from two separate aspects (additive and non‐additive engineering). Additive engineering generally tunes electronic properties of HTMs while non‐additive engineering basically modifies their steric structures. Critical analysis and comparison between these design strategies are provided, considering the overall PCEs and stabilities of PSCs. Finally, a brief perspective on future promising design strategies for HTMs is given, in order to fabricate efficient and stable n–i–p devices for the commercialization of PSCs.
Development of Tetrameric N‐Annulated Perylene Diimides Using “Click” Chemistry
Authors: Koenig Josh D. B. , Farahat Mahmoud E. , Welch Gregory C.
Published: March 2022

Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel N‐annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) tetramer arrays that were developed using copper catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition. Despite the optoelectronic properties of both tetramers being nearly identical, the two tetramers exhibited very different molecular geometries. The twisted spirobifluorene NPDI tetramer (sbfNPDI4) was found to have an extended and flexible geometry, while the planar pyrene NPDI tetramer (pyrNPDI4) exhibited a highly congested and conformationally locked geometry. Organic photovoltaic devices were constructed to demonstrate the use of both new compounds as electron acceptor materials, where slightly higher power conversion efficiencies were achieved with pyrNPDI4 than sbfNPDI4. This study highlights the viability of using “click” chemistry as a facile synthetic strategy towards the development of new multicomponent perylene diimide materials for organic electronic applications.
Reducing the jamming effects in multicellular Massive MIMO systems
Authors: Gholami‐Dadkan Saeed , Abbasi‐Moghadam Dariush , Kalantarinejad Nazanin
Published: March 2022

As Massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (Ma‐MIMO) is one of the critical 5G technologies, security aspects of this technology in terms of powerful distributive jamming attacks for improving the total system performance are so important. In this paper, we evaluate the sum spectral efficiency (SE) of Ma‐MIMO systems in the multicell scenario concerning jamming effects. First, the closed‐form expression for sum SE using two detectors maximum ratio combining (MRC) and zero‐forcing (ZF) in the presence of a jammer was obtained. Next, the effects of jamming power, the number of base station antennas, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and coherence block lengths on the system performance were obtained. Finally, to improve the signal‐to‐noise and interference ratio (SINR) of cell edge users, the problem of optimizing the fairness trade‐off between the central legitimate users and the cell edge legitimate users is modeled by using log barrier functions. We propose an alternating algorithm to solve the non‐convex problem. Numerical results showed that by considering the same interference power and the power of the legitimate users, the sum SE improved with proposed schemes and also by increasing the number of antennas at BS. Also, the ZF outperforms MRC with increasing the number of antennas. Finally, it is shown that by using the optimal legitimate users instead of overall legitimate users, the system performance in terms of fairness sum SE trade‐off improved.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic‐Fused Furans and Dihydrofurans via (4+1)‐Annulation with Ylide: Exploration of Unique Reactivity Behavior of α‐Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylide
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Nagpure Mithilesh , Krishna Rao Vajja , Guchhait Sankar K.
Published: March 2022

A (4+1)‐annulation of arylidene heterocyclic‐N‐fused imidazolones with α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed. The reaction enabled efficient access to a range of N‐heterocycle‐fused furans, such as secondary hydroxyl and the structural parts of drug/bioactive compounds. A unique triple‐role of α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides and a characteristic stereo‐electronic functional behavior of the arylidene N‐fused imidazolones have been explored.
Making faculty work visible: An equity‐minded approach
Authors: Culpepper Dawn , Templeton Lindsey , O'Meara KerryAnn
Published: March 2022

The fact that overloaded plates and stress are common in mid‐career is well known. Likewise, we know that the unequal distribution of faculty workload is one of the most important, yet least talked about, inequities that shape the experiences of faculty members within colleges and universities. In particular, women and racially minoritized mid‐career faculty face unusually high service, teaching, and mentoring workloads. Often we place the onus for aligning time and priorities, and “saying no” on mid‐career faculty members themselves. In this chapter, the author(s) take a different approach, drawing on five years of action research with academic departments. They share key conditions that department leaders can create, and practices they can put in place to scaffold equity and agency in mid‐career faculty workloads and rewards.
Variability in serum creatinine is associated with waitlist and post–liver transplant mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Cullaro Giuseppe , Hsu Chi‐yuan , Lai Jennifer C.
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims

Kidney function in patients with cirrhosis is dynamic. After controlling for the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), we investigated the impact of variation in clinical function on pre–liver transplantation (LT) and post‐LT outcomes.

Approach and Results

We included adults listed for LT from 2011 through 2018. We excluded those with any exceptions, those on hemodialysis at listing, and those with fewer than three clinical updates in the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Our primary exposure was the serum creatinine coefficient of variation (sCr CoV). Logistic regression determined the associations between our exposures and higher sCr CoV. Competing risk regression determined the associations between our exposures and waitlist mortality, accounting for LT as a competing risk. Cox regression determined the associations between our exposures and either listing for kidney transplant or death. We divided our cohort into tertiles of sCr CoV: low variability, 8.8% (interquartile range [IQR], 6.6%–10.8%); intermediate variability, 17.4% (IQR, 14.8%–20.4%); high variability, 36.8% (IQR, 29.5%–48.8%). We demonstrate that women, those with CKD, and those with advanced liver disease were more likely to have a greater sCr CoV. Compared to those with low variability, those with high variability had significantly higher waitlist mortality (34.7% vs. 19.6% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.001). We highlight that the sCr CoV was associated with higher waitlist and post‐LT mortality—an association independent of baseline sCr, the degree of underlying liver disease, the presence of AKI, or the presence of CKD.

Conclusion

This study informs the long‐term impact of the variation in kidney function we all see in clinical practice. These data highlight that all fluctuations in sCr are associated with worse pre‐LT and post‐LT outcomes.
Inside Cover
Authors: Peng Wenyu , Chen Shuo , Kong Dongsheng , Zhou Xiaojie , Lu Xiaoyun , Chang Chao
Published: April 2022

This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐ based computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the grade classification of human glioma by using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopic mapping at a single frequency. The proposed system has the advantages of noninvasive, label‐free, time‐saving and highly accurate, which could avoid the limitations of traditional histological diagnosis and will bring great convenience to clinical pathologists.

Further details can be found in the article by Wenyu Peng, Shuo Chen, Dongsheng Kong, Xiaojie Zhou, Xiaoyun Lu, and Chao Chang (e202100313)

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Classification of minimal blocking sets in small Desarguesian projective planes
Authors: Coolsaet Kris , Botteldoorn Arne , Fack Veerle
Published: March 2022

A full classification (up to equivalence) of all minimal blocking sets in Desarguesian projective planes of order was obtained by computer. The resulting numbers of minimal blocking sets are tabulated according to size of the set and order of the automorphism group. For the minimal blocking sets with the larger automorphism groups explicit descriptions are given. Some of these results can also be generalised to Desarguesian projective planes of higher order.
“They're just, like, there”: A constructivist grounded theory study of student experiences with school resource officers
Authors: Layton Danielle , Gerstenblatt Paula
Published: March 2022

School‐based policing has become common practice, but there is limited qualitative research examining what meanings students make of police presence in their schools. This study sought to understand how students construct narratives of police presence in their schools based on their experiences with school resource officers (SROs). Drawing on constructivist grounded theory methodology with a sample of 17 students, this study found that students are continuously integrating multiple conflicting narratives about SROs: students experience SROs as an established yet ambiguous presence, which produces mixed feelings of reassurance, wariness, and intimidation. Students manage the conflicts between these narratives by positioning school‐based police as a fixed structure with pitfalls and positives but no alternatives. Additionally, students experience SROs as being available to them in relational capacities. The primary recommendations from this study are for schools and communities to (1) reconsider the appropriateness of SRO programs with student perspectives at the center of dialogue, and (2) invest in non‐law enforcement school‐based professionals who students experience as available and relational.
Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of Sr‐doped and Ca‐doped BiFeO3 compounds prepared by Pechini method
Authors: E Salaya‐Gerónimo , DS García‐Zaleta , G Jácome‐Acatitla , E Huerta‐García , R López‐González , A Reyes‐Montero , AM Abdel‐Mageed
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

BiFeO3 is an important new visible‐light photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants, the efficacy of which is related to its narrow band gap energy (2.2 eV) and excellent chemical stability. In this work, the effects of Sr and Ca doping on the structural and photocatalytic properties of BiFeO3 were investigated.

RESULTS

X‐ray diffraction results revealed the formation of a rhombohedral structure (R3c), as well as the successful incorporation of Sr2+ and Ca2+ ions into the BFO structure. The nanometric size of the specimens was in the range 23–55 nm. The percentage of structural phases in the obtained compounds was calculated by Rietveld analysis. Scanning electron microscopy results showed changes in the morphology and grain sizes. The band gap values of the ceramics display a gradual reduction when the dopant concentration is increased. The surface analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed, for all compounds, the characteristic peaks of Fe and Bi, as well as Sr and Ca in the doped samples.

CONCLUSION

The photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst was evaluated by the removal of methylene blue and 4‐chlorophenol. The doped samples showed higher photocatalytic activity compared to the undoped BiFeO3 sample, attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, the synergistic effects of the BiFeO3 and Bi2Fe4O9 phases, as well as the successful separation of photogenerated electrons and holes induced by Sr and Ca doping. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A risk score for predicting death in COVID‐19 in‐hospital infection: A Brazilian single‐center study
Authors: Vieira Marcelo Luiz Campos , Afonso Tania Regina , Oliveira Alessandra Joslin , Stangenhaus Carolina , Dantas Juliana Cardoso Dória , Santos Luiz Otávio Arruda , de França Lucas Arraes , do Prado Rogério Ruscitto , Cordovil Adriana , Monaco Cláudia Gianini , Lira Filho Edgar Bezerra , Rodrigues Ana Clara Tude , Bacal Fernando , de Matos Gustavo Faissol Janot , Antunes Telma , Camargo Luis Fernando Aranha , Fischer Cláudio Henrique , Morhy Samira Saady
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a paucity of information about Brazilian COVID‐19 in‐hospital mortality probability of death combining risk factors.

Objective

We aimed to correlate COVID‐19 Brazilian in‐hospital patients' mortality to demographic aspects, biomarkers, tomographic, echocardiographic findings, and clinical events.

Methods

A prospective study, single tertiary center in Brazil, consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. We analyzed the data from 111 patients from March to August 2020, performed a complete transthoracic echocardiogram, chest thoracic tomographic (CT) studies, collected biomarkers and correlated to in‐hospital mortality.

Results

Mean age of the patients: 67 ± 17 years old, 65 (58.5%) men, 29 (26%) presented with systemic arterial hypertension, 18 (16%) with diabetes, 11 (9.9%) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was need for intubation and mechanical ventilation of 48 (43%) patients, death occurred in 21/111 (18.9%) patients. Multiple logistic regression models correlated variables with mortality: age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12; p: 0.012; age >74 YO AUC ROC curve: 0.725), intubation need (OR: 23.35; 95% CI 4.39–124.36; p < 0.001), D dimer (OR: 1.39; 95% CI 1.02–1.89; p: 0.036; value >1928.5 ug/L AUC ROC curve: 0.731), C‐reactive protein (OR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.05–1.32; p < 0.005; value >29.35 mg/dl AUC ROC curve: 0.836). A risk score was created to predict intrahospital probability of death, by the equation: 3.6 (age >75 YO) + 66 (intubation need) + 28 (C‐reactive protein >29) + 2.2 (D dimer >1900).

Conclusions

A novel and original risk score were developed to predict the probability of death in Covid 19 in‐hospital patients concerning combined risk factors.
Using data about accepted and rejected articles in the Journal of Dental Education to increase authors’ chances of article acceptance
Authors: Nalliah Romesh P. , Kimner Sue , Reddy Michael
Published: March 2022

Purpose/objectives

The purpose of our study was to identify trends and compare keywords from titles and methods among articles accepted and rejected for publication in the Journal of Dental Education (JDE).

Methods

The titles and abstracts of JDE articles submitted between 2010 and 2020 were extracted. We studied the frequencies of keywords in the title and abstracts and used simple descriptive data to present the information. Additionally, keywords from the methods section from JDE articles reviewed between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed by acceptance versus rejection. University of Michigan Medical School's committee on human subject studies provided an exemption (HUM00196884).

Results

Articles with the terms “knowledge,” “skills,” and “attitudes” appear, separately or together, in the titles of submissions to JDE 510 times during the study period—190 in accepted articles and 320 in rejected articles (an acceptance rate of 37.3%). The term “clinical” is in the title of 337 articles submitted to JDE—195 accepted and 142 rejected (an acceptance rate of 57.9%). However, the term “pre‐clinical” is associated with only 56 articles in the last 10 years—36 accepts and 20 rejects (64.3%). Studies with cross‐sectional study design were accepted at a rate of 72.0% and manuscripts with cohort study designs were accepted at 53.3%. Systematic reviews were accepted at 44.4%, surveys were accepted at 36.7%, meta analyses were accepted at 28%. Questionnaires were accepted at 14%.

Conclusions

Higher quality study designs were more likely to be accepted for publication. Studies including a randomizing process and studies that were longitudinal in nature were more likely to be accepted for publication.
Frailty and social participation in older citizens in Japan during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ozone Sachiko , Goto Ryhei , Kawada Shogo , Yokoya Shoji
Published: March 2022

Background

This study examined the frailty status of older individuals in Japan at 1 year after the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic based on involvement in social activities before and during the pandemic.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study analyzed citizens aged 65 and 84 who did not require long‐term care in January 2021. A self‐administered questionnaire was mailed to 3000 citizens in Kitaibaraki City, Japan. The questionnaire included social participation status in January 2020 and January 2021, the Kihon Checklist, working status, and economic status. We classified the respondents into the following groups: Nonparticipating, no participation at either time point; Discontinued, participation only in 2020; and Continued, participation at both time points. We compared the Discontinued and Continued groups in terms of Kihon Checklist items using the t‐test.

Results

Of 2963 individuals who received the questionnaire, 1307 (44.1%) returned it, and 1047 were analyzed. Of the respondents analyzed, 586 (56.0%) were in the Nonparticipating group, 254 (24.3%) were in the Discontinued group, and 207 (19.8%) were in the Continued group. On the Kihon Checklist, oral function and mood differed significantly between the Discontinued and Continued groups. The proportion of those with impairment in multiple categories of the Kihon Checklist was 12.3% in the Nonparticipating group, 5.5% in the Discontinued group, and 3.4% in the Continued group.

Conclusions

Older individuals who continued participating in social activities at 1 year into the COVID‐19 pandemic might have a lower risk of frailty in terms of oral function and depressed mood.
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development author and article characteristics from 1998 to 2017
Authors: Pesavento Alyssa R. , Muller Lauren A. , Smith Heather L. , Erford Bradley T. , Cobb Nicole A.
Published: March 2022

Articles accepted for publication in the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD) from 1998 to 2017 were reviewed to provide a systematic, quantitative study of journal content by identifying patterns of what is published and who publishes in the JMCD. Trends over time in author characteristics (e.g., number, gender, employment setting, nation of domicile) and article content (e.g., type, topic, design, participant type, sample size, statistical procedures) were analyzed and described.
Comparison of model‐specific histopathology in mouse models of COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Sidi , Cao Liu , Xu Wenting , Xu Tiefeng , Zheng Birong , Ji Yanxi , Huang Siyao , Liu Lihong , Du Jie , Peng Hong , Zhang Huan , Chen Jingdiao , Ke Bixia , Zheng Huanying , Deng Xiaoling , Li Chunmei , Guo Deyin
Published: March 2022

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has been identified as the causative agent of the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Development of animal models that parallel the clinical and pathologic features of disease are highly essential to understanding the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the development of therapeutics and prophylactics. Several mouse models that express the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) have been created, including transgenic and knock‐in strains, and viral vector‐mediated delivery of hACE2. However, the comparative pathology of these mouse models infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are unknown. Here, we perform systematic comparisons of the mouse models including K18‐hACE2 mice, KI‐hACE2 mice, Ad5‐hACE2 mice and CAG‐hACE2 mice, which revealed differences in the distribution of lesions and the characteristics of pneumonia induced. Based on these observations, the hACE2 mouse models meet different needs of SARS‐CoV‐2 researches. The similarities or differences among the model‐specific pathologies may help in better understanding the pathogenic process of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and aiding in the development of effective medications and prophylactic treatments for SARS‐CoV‐2.
“Is Omicron mild”? Testing this narrative with the mutational landscape of its three lineages and response to existing vaccines and therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Rajpal Vijay Rani , Sharma Shashi , Kumar Avinash , Chand Shweta , Joshi Lata , Chandra Atika , Babbar Sadhna , Goel Shailendra , Raina Soom Nath , Shiran Behrouz
Published: March 2022

SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron with its lineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 has triggered a fresh wave of Covid‐19 infections. Though, Omicron has, so far, produced mild symptoms, its genome contains 60 mutations including 37 in the spike protein and 15 in the receptor‐binding domain. Thirteen sites conserved in previous SARS‐CoV‐2 variants carry mutations in Omicron. Many mutations have shown evolution under positive selection. Omicron's giant mutational leap has raised concerns as there are signs of higher virus infectivity rate, pathogenesis, reinfection, and immune evasion. Preliminary studies have reported waning of immunity after two‐dose primary vaccine regime, need for the boosters, folds reduction in vaccine effectiveness and neutralizing antibodies even after boosting and significant neutralization resistance with the therapeutic monoclonal, polyclonal, and convalescent antibodies against Omicron. The narrative that “Omicron is mild,” therefore, needs time to be tested with a deeper, scientific dwelling into the facts.
SARS‐CoV‐2 cold‐chain transmission: Characteristics, risks, and strategies
Authors: Chen Cao , Feng Yenan , Chen Zhixiao , Xia Ying , Zhao Xiang , Wang Ji , Nie Kai , Niu Peihua , Han Jun , Xu Wenbo
Published: March 2022

Low temperature and certain humidity are conducive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) for long‐time survival and long‐distance spread during logistics and trades. Contaminated cold‐chain or frozen products and outer packaging act as the carrier of SARS‐CoV‐2, that infects the high‐risk population who works in the ports, cold storage or seafood market. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic worldwide, multiple localized outbreaks caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 contaminated imported cold‐chain products have been reported in China, which brought challenges to COVID‐19 prevention and control. Here, we review the evidences of SARS‐CoV‐2 cold‐chain transmission from six confirmed cold‐chain related COVID‐19 outbreaks in China, especially in terms of SARS‐CoV‐2 whole‐genome sequencing and virus isolation. In addition, we summarize the characteristics and mode of SARS‐CoV‐2 cold‐chain transmission from both six COVID‐19 outbreaks in China and the outbreaks suspected cold‐chain transmission in other countries. Finally, we analyze the underlying risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 cold‐chain transmission and propose the preventive countermeasures.
Thermoresponsive Glycopolypeptide Containing Block Copolymers, Particle Formation, and Lectin Interaction
Authors: Mokrus Mandy , Menzel Henning
Published: March 2022

Amphiphilic block copolymers with a thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) block and a glycopeptide block are synthesized and particle formation as well as interaction of the glyco‐corona with lectins is investigated. The synthetic route comprises the preparation of block copolymers by N‐carboxyanhydride polymerization and subsequent deprotection to obtain pH‐ and thermoresponsive poly(l‐glutamic acid)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pGA‐b‐pNIPAM), which is then further modified with different amino sugars by a versatile coupling method with 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholin‐4‐ium chloride (DMT‐MM). The glycosylated pGA‐b‐pNIPAM block copolymers are investigated with regard to cloud point temperatures (Tcp), particle size, and stability. The morphology of the particles is visualized using cryo‐SEM. Zeta potential measurements are indicating that the saccharide moieties are located on the surface of the particles. This assumption is further substantiated by quantitative lectin interaction assays with nonaggregated and aggregated glycosylated pGA‐b‐pNIPAM. The interaction of the model lectin ConA with the block copolymers is independent of the degree of substitution in the nonaggregated state at room temperature. However, at 37 °C, when particles of pGA‐b‐pNIPAM are present, the interaction becomes stronger with increasing degree of substitution. This interaction with lectins can be used for targeting saccharide‐modified particles in drug delivery.
Weak shock wave interactions in isentropic Cargo‐LeRoux model of flux perturbation
Authors: Kuila Sahadeb , Zeidan Dia , Raja Sekhar T.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we explore the weak shock wave interactions in isentropic Cargo‐LeRoux model of flux perturbation which describes strictly hyperbolic quasilinear system of conservation laws. For the Riemann problem, we provide a global existence and uniqueness result of exact solution. Further, we establish the exact solution explicitly in terms of one parameter family of elementary wave curves. We devise a necessary and sufficient condition on initial data for which the solution of the Riemann problem consists of either a shock wave or a simple wave according to one and three family of characteristic curves. Lastly, we analyze the Von Neumann result related to collision of weak shock waves of same family.
Je bunter, desto bioaktiver
Authors: Karg Cornelia , Moser Simone
Published: March 2022

Beim Chlorophyllabbau entstehen Phyllobiline. Sie galten lange als Abfallprodukte eines Entgiftungsprozesses, zeigen sich aber nun als pharmakologisch aktiv. Diese Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe können wichtig für die Lebensmittelindustrie sein.
Textilien: Recycelte Regenjacken
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: March 2022

Mehr als 70 Prozent aller weltweit produzierten Textilien enden auf einer Deponie oder in der Müllverbrennung. Ein Projekt könnte das ändern.
Chemiestudium: Fragen stellen, Versuche planen, Variablen kontrollieren
Authors: Ortmann Julia , Graulich Nicole , Vorholzer Andreas
Published: March 2022

Studierende lernen nicht, wissenschaftlich zu denken, wenn sie im Laborpraktikum die Versuchsvorschrift einfach nur nacharbeiten. Besser ist es, ihnen vorab Regeln und Strategien für die Arbeitsweisen mitzuteilen, zum Beispiel mit einer digitalen Lernumgebung. Eine solche wurde an der Universität Gießen entwickelt und erprobt.
Sanofi‐Bilanz 2021: Behandeln und schützen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: March 2022

Der französische Pharmakonzern Sanofi hat im Jahr 2021 mehr Medikamente verkauft und mehr in Forschung und Entwicklung investiert.
Novartis‐Bilanz 2021: Für Herz und Nieren
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: March 2022

Das Pharmaunternehmen Novartis mit Sitz in Basel will weiter an neuen Medikamenten arbeiten und die Generikasparte Sandoz eventuell verkaufen.
Nachruf: Helmut Vorbrüggen (1930 – 2021)
Authors: Reißig Hans
Published: March 2022

Am 14. September 2021 starb Helmut Vorbrüggen, ein Chemiker, für den die enge Wechselwirkung industrieller und akademischer Forschung selbstverständlich war.
April, April: Von Gesundheit, Gasen und empfindlichem Gold
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: March 2022

Wie Wasserstoff unsere Gesundheit verbessert und unsere Reifen zerstört, warum wir beim Putzen vorsichtig sein sollten und der Trend beim pH‐Wert eindeutig nach oben zeigt.
Start‐ups: Von Ammoniak bis Pilzgeflecht
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: March 2022

Ihren Prozess von der Idee zum Start‐up bis zum Scale‐up zeigten junge Unternehmen beim European Chemistry Partnering im Februar.
“Per protocol” practice patterns for Children's Oncology Group trials within the radiation oncology community
Authors: Liu Kevin X. , Hammoudeh Lubna , Haas‐Kogan Daphne A. , Terezakis Stephanie A.
Published: April 2022

Little is known about the prevalence of pediatric radiation oncologists treating patients off study according to Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials before data are available regarding toxicity and efficacy of novel radiotherapy regimens. We conducted a 12‐question survey of 358 pediatric radiation oncologists to characterize practice patterns regarding ongoing and completed COG protocols off study. With 130 responses (40.3%), the prevalence of providing treatment per protocol, but off study, before data are available in abstract or peer‐reviewed form varied from 9.1% (for ACNS1422) to 88.1% (for AHOD1331). Future studies are needed to understand the effects of these practice patterns on outcomes.
Pediatric genitourinary tumors: Distribution, demographics, and outcomes
Authors: Nazemi Azadeh , Daneshmand Siamak , Chang Andy
Published: March 2022

Importance

The diversity of pediatric genitourinary malignancies requires a timely resource detailing tumor characteristics and survival.

Objective

To determine the incidence, demographics, and outcomes of all pediatric genitourinary tumors within the United States.

Methods

A population‐based search for patients diagnosed with genitourinary cancers under age 15 was performed using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registry. Information on primary tumor location, histologic type, patient age, sex, year of diagnosis, race, treatment, cause of death, and survival months was extracted. Descriptive epidemiological and survival statistics were calculated for all variables.

Results

A total of 4576 cases from 1973 through 2015 were identified. The most common primary tumor sites were the kidney (80.3%), testis (12.3%), bladder (2.8%), and vagina (1.5%). Nephroblastoma (87.9%) and sarcoma (3.4%) were the most common renal malignancies. Rhabdomyosarcoma was common in the vagina, bladder, and testis at rates of 66.2%, 61.2%, and 24.6%, respectively. Germ cell tumors (71.0%) were the most common primary tumor of the testis. Ten‐year overall survival (OS) for renal nephroblastoma and sarcoma was 88% and 82%, respectively. Ten‐year OS for RMS of the testis was 91%, the bladder was 79%, the vagina was 79%, and the prostate was 56%. Germ cell tumor 10‐year OS were 96% in the testis and 100% in the vagina.

Interpretation

A better understanding of the overall distribution and outcomes associated with pediatric genitourinary cancers allows physicians to best understand the patient's disease in the context of current frequency in a genitourinary setting and reported outcomes.
A case of an unfortunate tooth fairy visit to a ventilator‐dependent child
Authors: Be'er Moria , Amirav Israel , Cahal Michal , Rochman Mika , DeRowe Ari , Lavie Moran
Published: March 2022

An 8‐year‐old boy recently sustained a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation rupture, and subsequently suffered from severe neurological injury and became ventilator‐dependent through a tracheostomy. During a routine clinic visit, the parents reported that a loose baby tooth had fallen out and disappeared 7 days earlier. The physical examination was unremarkable, but a chest X‐ray demonstrated a foreign body in the left lung and secondary atelectasis. A rigid bronchoscopy extracted what turned out to be a tooth from the left lower lobe bronchus, with no associated sequelae. Aspiration of a tooth is rare, and it is mostly seen in children and elderly patients following trauma, endotracheal intubation, and dental procedures. Only a few previous studies emphasized the increased risk of foreign body aspiration among neurological impaired children. This unique report describes a child in his physiological exfoliation period, which is characterized by the spontaneous shedding of 20 teeth over the course of several years. In severely neurologically impaired children, this period carries a risk of aspiration of teeth and secondary pulmonary damage. Therefore, treating physicians and caregivers must be aware of this risk, and routine dental check‐ups are advised in a neurological impaired child during this period.
Eosinophilic esophagitis in cystic fibrosis: A case series with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Mellor Xochitl , Schindler Terri , Saab Shahrazad , Roesch Erica , Sferra Thomas , Sankararaman Senthilkumar
Published: March 2022

Challenging mealtime behaviors in young children and difficulties in meeting their dietary intake recommendations are sources of parenting stress and associated with negative quality of life. The gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) can often present similarly to a GI pathology unrelated to CF. Specifically, this case series focuses on three toddlers with CF who presented with oral aversion and challenging mealtime behaviors and later were diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Though EoE often presents with dysphagia, younger patients commonly present with nonspecific GI symptoms such as regurgitation, emesis, abdominal pain, failure to thrive, food intolerance, and oral aversion. Given the overlap of GI manifestations in CF and EoE, it can be challenging for clinicians to diagnose the coexistent EoE in patients with CF. We describe the presenting symptoms, treatment, and successful outcomes of three pediatric patients with CF and EoE. To our knowledge, this is the second case series with a detailed description of EoE in CF.
Iron Catalyzed Cascade Construction of Molybdenum Carbide Heterointerfaces for Understanding Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Ze‐Nan , Ai Yongjian , Xu Wenjuan , Zhang Xinyue , Sun Zejun , Guo Liutao , Guo Rongxiu , Wang Yao , Ding Kelong , Sun Hong‐bin , Hu Jianshe , Liang Qionglin , Yang Yang
Published: March 2022

The intercrystalline interfaces have been proven vital in heterostructure catalysts. However, it is still challenging to generate specified heterointerfaces and to make clear the mechanism of a reaction on the interface. Herein, this work proposes a strategy of Fe‐catalyzed cascade formation of heterointerfaces for comprehending the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the pure solid‐phase reaction system, Fe catalyzes the in situ conversion of MoO2 to MoC and then Mo2C, and the consecutive formation leaves lavish intercrystalline interfaces of MoO2‐MoC (in Fe‐MoO2/MoC@NC) or MoC‐Mo2C (in Fe‐MoC/β‐Mo2C@NC), which contribute to HER activity. The improved HER activity on the interface leads to further checking of the mechanism with density functional theory calculation. The computation results reveal that the electroreduction (Volmer step) produced H* prefers to be adsorbed on Mo2C; then two pathways are proposed for the HER on the interface of MoC‐Mo2C, including the single‐molecular adsorption pathway (Rideal mechanism) and the bimolecular adsorption pathway (Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism). The calculation results further show that the former is favorable, and the reaction on the MoC‐Mo2C heterointerface significantly lowers the energy barriers of the rate‐determining steps.
Group 4 Transition Metal Complexes with Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Olefin Ligands
Authors: Watson Ian C. , Zhou Yuqiao , Ferguson Michael J. , Rivard Eric
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of anionic N‐heterocyclic olefin (aNHO)‐supported Group 4 metal complexes was achieved by salt metathesis reactions between a lithiated aNHO and Group 4 metal tetrahalides. A ligand‐activated bis‐aNHO Zr(II) complex was also obtained and structurally characterized.