bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association of Vitamin D Status with Dyslipidaemia and Biomarkers of Endothelial Cell Activation in Older Australians
Authors: Alyami Ali , Lam Virginie , Soares Mario , Zhao Yun , Sherriff Jillian , Mamo John , James Anthony , Coombes Fiona
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Vitamin D has been investigated for many non-skeletal effects. The objective of this study was to determine whether circulating lipids, systemic inflammation, and biomarkers of endothelial cell activation varied with the vitamin D status of older Australians. Methods: One hundred and one participants were proportionately and randomly sampled across tertiles of 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) from a larger cohort of free living older adults (T1 median = 97; T2 median = 74.5; T3 median = 56.8 nmol/L). Overnight fasting blood samples were assayed for 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Markers of systemic inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and endothelial activation (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), P-selectin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)) were determined. A general linear model multivariate analysis with a backward elimination procedure was performed. Results: Eighty-three participants (48 women, 35 men), aged 65 ± 7.7 years, BMI 28 ± 4.5 kg/m2, with complete data were analyzed. The final parsimonious model controlled for age, gender, BMI, and McAuley’s index, but excluded season, medications, and PTH. There were significant differences across 25(OH)D tertiles in TC (T1 < T3, p = 0.003; T2 < T3, p = 0.001), LDL-C (T1 < T3, p = 0.005; T2 < T3, p = 0.001), TAG (T2 < T3, p = 0.026), HGF (T1 > T3, p = 0.009) and sVCAM (T1 > T3, P = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher vitamin D status may protect the endothelium through reduced dyslipidaemia and increased HGF.
Suppressive Effects of Tea Catechins on Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiang Li-Ping , Wang Ao , Ye Jian-Hui , Zheng Xin-Qiang , Polito Curt , Lu Jian-Liang , Li Qing-Sheng , Liang Yue-Rong
Published: July 2016

Tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) is rich in catechins, which endow tea with various health benefits. There are more than ten catechin compounds in tea, among which epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Epidemiological studies on the association between tea consumption and the risk of breast cancer were summarized, and the inhibitory effects of tea catechins on breast cancer, with EGCG as a representative compound, were reviewed in the present paper. The controversial results regarding the role of tea in breast cancer and areas for further study were discussed.
Differential Activation of TRP Channels in the Adult Rat Spinal Substantia Gelatinosa by Stereoisomers of Plant-Derived Chemicals
Authors: Kumamoto Eiichi , Fujita Tsugumi
Published: July 2016

Activation of TRPV1, TRPA1 or TRPM8 channel expressed in the central terminal of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron increases the spontaneous release of l-glutamate onto spinal dorsal horn lamina II (substantia gelatinosa; SG) neurons which play a pivotal role in regulating nociceptive transmission. The TRP channels are activated by various plant-derived chemicals. Although stereoisomers activate or modulate ion channels in a distinct manner, this phenomenon is not fully addressed for TRP channels. By applying the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to SG neurons of adult rat spinal cord slices, we found out that all of plant-derived chemicals, carvacrol, thymol, carvone and cineole, increase the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current, a measure of the spontaneous release of l-glutamate from nerve terminals, by activating TRP channels. The presynaptic activities were different between stereoisomers (carvacrol and thymol; (−)-carvone and (+)-carvone; 1,8-cineole and 1,4-cineole) in the extent or the types of TRP channels activated, indicating that TRP channels in the SG are activated by stereoisomers in a distinct manner. This result could serve to know the properties of the central terminal TRP channels that are targets of drugs for alleviating pain.
Electromagnetic and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy and Vinylester-Based Composites Filled with Graphene Nanoplatelets
Authors: Marra Fabrizio , D’Aloia Alessandro , Tamburrano Alessio , Ochando Isabel , De Bellis Giovanni , Ellis Gary , Sarto Maria
Published: July 2016

Development of epoxy or epoxy-based vinyl ester composites with improved mechanical and electromagnetic properties, filled with carbon-based nanomaterials, is of crucial interest for use in aerospace applications as radar absorbing materials at radio frequency. Numerous studies have highlighted the fact that the effective functional properties of this class of polymer composites are strongly dependent on the production process, which affects the dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix and the formation of micro-sized aggregations, degrading the final properties of the composite. The assessment of the presence of nanofiller aggregation in a composite through microscopy investigations is quite inefficient in the case of large scale applications, and in general provides local information about the aggregation state of the nanofiller rather than an effective representation of the degradation of the functional properties of the composite due to the presence of the aggregates. In this paper, we investigate the mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties of thermosetting polymer composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Moreover, we propose a novel approach based on measurements of the dielectric permittivity of the composite in the 8–12 GHz range in order to assess the presence of nanofiller aggregates and to estimate their average size and dimensions.
Remote Sensing Exploration of Nb-Ta-LREE-Enriched Carbonatite (Epembe/Namibia)
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Brandmeier Melanie , Andreani Louis , Mhopjeni Kombada , Gloaguen Richard
Published: July 2016

On the example of the Epembe carbonatite-hosted Nb-Ta-LREE deposit, we demonstrate the use of hyperspectral reflectance data and geomorphic indicators for improving the accuracy of remote sensing exploration data of structurally-controlled critical raw material deposits. The results further show how exploration can benefit from a combination of expert knowledge and remotely-sensed relief, as well as imaging data. In the first stage, multi-source remote sensing data were used in lithological mapping based on Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). We exemplify that morphological indices, such as Topographic Position Index (TPI), and spatial coordinates are crucial parameters to improve the accuracy of carbonate classification as much as 10%. The resulting lithological map shows the spatial distribution of the ridge forming carbonatite dyke, the fenitization zone, syenite plugs and mafic intrusions. In a second step, the internal zones of the carbonatite complex were identified using the Multi-Range Spectral Feature Fitting (MRSFF) algorithm and a specific decision tree. This approach allowed detecting potential enrichment zones characterized by an abundance of fluorapatite and pyroxene, as well as dolomite-carbonatite (beforsite). Cross-validation of the mineral map with field observations and radiometric data confirms the accuracy of the proposed method.
Landslide Displacement Monitoring by a Fully Polarimetric SAR Offset Tracking Method
Authors: Wang Changcheng , Mao Xiaokang , Wang Qijie
Published: July 2016

Landslide monitoring is important for geological disaster prevention, where Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images have been widely used. Compared with the Interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique, intensity-based offset tracking methods (e.g., Normalized Cross-Correlation method) can overcome the limitation of InSAR’s maximum detectable displacement. The normalized cross-correlation (NCC) method, based on single-channel SAR images, estimates azimuth and range displacement by using statistical correlation between the matching windows of two SAR images. However, the matching windows—especially for the boundary area of landslide—always contain pixels with different moving characteristics, affecting the precision of displacement estimation. Based on the advantages of polarimetric scattering properties, this paper proposes a fully polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) offset tracking method for improvement of the precision of landslide displacement estimation. The proposed method uses the normalized inner product (NIP) of the two temporal PolSAR Pauli scattering vectors to evaluate their similarity, then retrieve the surface displacement of the Slumgullion landslide located in southwestern Colorado, USA. A pair of L-band fully polarimetric SAR images acquired by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) system are selected for experiment. The results show that the Slumgullion landslide’s moving velocity during the monitoring time ranges between 1.6–10.9 mm/d, with an average velocity of 6.3 mm/d. Compared with the classical NCC method, results of the proposed method present better performance in the sub-pixel estimation. Furthermore, it performs better when estimating displacement in the area around the landslide boundaries.
A Long-Term Performance Enhancement Method for FOG-Based Measurement While Drilling
Authors: Zhang Chunxi , Lin Tie
Published: July 2016

In the oil industry, the measurement-while-drilling (MWD) systems are usually used to provide the real-time position and orientation of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) during drilling. However, the present MWD systems based on magnetic surveying technology can barely ensure good performance because of magnetic interference phenomena. In this paper, a MWD surveying system based on a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) was developed to replace the magnetic surveying system. To accommodate the size of the downhole drilling conditions, a new design method is adopted. In order to realize long-term and high position precision and orientation surveying, an integrated surveying algorithm is proposed based on inertial navigation system (INS) and drilling features. In addition, the FOG-based MWD error model is built and the drilling features are analyzed. The state-space system model and the observation updates model of the Kalman filter are built. To validate the availability and utility of the algorithm, the semi-physical simulation is conducted under laboratory conditions. The results comparison with the traditional algorithms show that the errors were suppressed and the measurement precision of the proposed algorithm is better than the traditional ones. In addition, the proposed method uses a lot less time than the zero velocity update (ZUPT) method.
Policies for a More Dematerialized EU Economy. Theoretical Underpinnings, Political Context and Expected Feasibility
Authors: Bigano Andrea , Śniegocki Aleksander , Zotti Jacopo
Published: July 2016

Economic systems are connected to the natural environment through a continuous flow of energy and materials. The production of economic wealth implies the use of natural resources and their transformation into goods (bound to become, at least partially, waste in the future), current waste (pollution) and low-valued energy (entropy). The scarcity of natural resources and the negative externalities arising from their use throughout the entire value chain are quite natural motivations for the current policy push towards a more dematerialized and a more circular economy. In this perspective, the EU seems to be approaching a new frontier in environmental policy. The main contribution of this paper is a qualitative assessment of a coordinated set of dematerialization policies, which aim at fostering the socially efficient use (and re-use) of virgin materials at firm level. The policy mix we propose envisages a green tax reform (GTR) with a material tax, which aims at shifting relative input prices in favour of labour and capital, and a policy of funding research and development activities in the area of resource efficiency. In order to support firms in their transition to higher material efficiency, we foresee targeted skill enhancement programmes. Finally, to prevent firms to shift towards less material-intensive production, potentially leading to lower output quality, we complete the policy mix with specific command-and-control measures, aiming at setting minimum quality standards for selected product categories. The qualitative assessment of this mix of policies relies on the four basic criteria of the economic policy analysis (effectiveness, efficiency, equity and feasibility). Since the EU is deeply integrated in the world economy, and it is a net importer of virgin resources, our policy evaluation necessarily takes an open-economy perspective. In this vein, the paper reviews the state of affairs of the major world countries (USA, Japan and China in particular) on this issue, and contextualizes the EU action in a global perspective.
Measuring Carbon Emissions of Pavement Construction in China
Authors: Huang Youliang , Ning Yan , Zhang Tao , Wu Jiajie
Published: July 2016

While various methodologies for quantifying carbon emissions of pavement construction are developed worldwide, adopting and promoting the existing tools to China’s market is found fairly challenging due to institutional constraints. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to propose a methodology for measuring carbon emissions of pavement construction compatible with the fixed pricing systems prevalent in China; and develop an automatic tool for carbon estimations. The total carbon emissions are measured by aggregating emissions of energy consumption and materials used along with four stages, namely material manufacture, transportation, construction, and disposal. A set of composite carbon emission factors for energy and materials was calculated based on existing emission factors with the consideration of the boundaries concerned. The quantity of energy and materials used in pavement construction are obtained through bills of quantity and the fixed price system. The database of the emission factors for energy and materials was embedded into a C# based tool, and validated in a real case.
Small-Amplitude Nonlinear Modes under the Combined Effect of the Parabolic Potential, Nonlocality and PT Symmetry
Authors: Zezyulin Dmitry , Konotop Vladimir
Published: July 2016

We consider nonlinear modes of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlocal nonlinearities and and PT -symmetric parabolic potential. We show that there exists a set of continuous families of nonlinear modes and study their linear stability in the limit of small nonlinearity. It is demonstrated that either PT symmetry or the nonlocality can be used to manage the stability of the small-amplitude nonlinear modes. The stability properties are also found to depend on the particular shape of the nonlocal kernel. Numerical simulations show that the stability results remain valid not only for the infinitesimally small nonlinear modes, but also for the modes of finite amplitude.
Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches
Authors: Ajandouz El , Berdah Stéphane , Moutardier Vincent , Bege Thierry , Birnbaum David , Perrier Josette , Di Pasquale Eric , Maresca Marc
Published: July 2016

In addition to deoxynivalenol (DON), acetylated derivatives, i.e., 3-acetyl and 15-acetyldexynivalenol (or 3/15ADON), are present in cereals leading to exposure to these mycotoxins. Animal and human studies suggest that 3/15ADON are converted into DON after their ingestion through hydrolysis of the acetyl moiety, the site(s) of such deacetylation being still uncharacterized. We used in vitro and ex vivo approaches to study the deacetylation of 3/15ADON by enzymes and cells/tissues present on their way from the food matrix to the blood in humans. We found that luminal deacetylation by digestive enzymes and bacteria is limited. Using human cells, tissues and S9 fractions, we were able to demonstrate that small intestine and liver possess strong deacetylation capacity compared to colon and kidneys. Interestingly, in most cases, deacetylation was more efficient for 3ADON than 15ADON. Although we initially thought that carboxylesterases (CES) could be responsible for the deacetylation of 3/15ADON, the use of pure human CES1/2 and of CES inhibitor demonstrated that CES are not involved. Taken together, our original model system allowed us to identify the small intestine and the liver as the main site of deacetylation of ingested 3/15ADON in humans.
NXT1, a Novel Influenza A NP Binding Protein, Promotes the Nuclear Export of NP via a CRM1-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Chutiwitoonchai Nopporn , Aida Yoko
Published: July 2016

Influenza remains a serious worldwide public health problem. After infection, viral genomic RNA is replicated in the nucleus and packed into viral ribonucleoprotein, which will then be exported to the cytoplasm via a cellular chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent pathway for further assembly and budding. However, the nuclear export mechanism of influenza virus remains controversial. Here, we identify cellular nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like export protein 1 (NXT1) as a novel binding partner of nucleoprotein (NP) that stimulates NP-mediated nuclear export via the CRM1-dependent pathway. NXT1-knockdown cells exhibit decreased viral replication kinetics and nuclear accumulated viral RNA and NP. By contrast, NXT1 overexpression promotes nuclear export of NP in a CRM1-dependent manner. Pull-down assays suggest the formation of an NXT1, NP, and CRM1 complex, and demonstrate that NXT1 binds to the C-terminal region of NP. These findings reveal a distinct mechanism for nuclear export of the influenza virus and identify the NXT1/NP interaction as a potential target for antiviral drug development.
Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots
Authors: Schiff Kenneth , Tiefenthaler Liesl , Bay Steven , Greenstein Darrin
Published: July 2016

Urban stormwater with large impervious (paved) areas often produces runoff with a variety of contaminants. Although southern California is among the most urbanized coastal areas in the United States, the effect of rainfall variations on washoff efficiency of contaminants from pervious and impervious surfaces is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of varying rainfall intensities and duration on runoff composition from highly impervious parking lots. In order to control the tremendous natural variability in precipitation of the arid climate in southern California, rainfall simulators were used to generate and quantify pollutant washoff at changing intensities and durations. Washoff of suspended solids, total and dissolved trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was strongly inversely correlated with rainfall duration. Rainfall intensity only affected washoff at the smallest measured duration; higher intensities produced decreased concentrations. The effect of rainfall duration was a reflection of the first flush observed in pollutographs for every duration and intensity sampled. Peak concentrations, up to an order of magnitude higher than concentrations later in the event, occurred during the first 10 min after the onset of rainfall. Longer simulated storms effectively diluted the first flush.
Priorities and Opportunities in International Agriculture
Authors: Barghouti Shawki , Collins Doreen , Crouch Luis , Moussavi Massoud
Published: July 2016

The paper presents an analysis of major trends in the agricultural sector, among a selection of the major development agencies. The paper starts out by noting what, on the basis of the authors’ appreciation of the data, are some of the important statistical trends that form a backdrop, or should form a backdrop, to agencies’ policies. Trends that are current or relevant for the recent past are noted and commented. Trends that should receive, and are beginning to receive, more attention, are noted. Lastly, some recommendations are made regarding the kinds of policy analysis that institutions might wish to engage in, in order to support both development agencies and developing countries. The paper includes an annex with a detailed illustration of key trends at more than a dozen development agencies, based on those agencies’ literature and the authors’ personal knowledge of the agencies.
ROTATIONALLY DRIVEN FRAGMENTATION IN THE FORMATION OF THE BINARY PROTOSTELLAR SYSTEM L1551 IRS 5
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Yeung Paul K. H. , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Saigo Kazuya
Published: July 2016

Both bulk rotation and local turbulence have been widely suggested to drive the fragmentation in collapsing cores that produces multiple star systems. Even when the two mechanisms predict different alignments for stellar spins and orbits, subsequent internal or external interactions can drive multiple systems toward or away from alignment, thus masking their formation processes. Here, we demonstrate that the geometrical and dynamical relationship between a binary system and its surrounding bulk envelope provide the crucial distinction between fragmentation models. We find that the circumstellar disks of the binary protostellar system L1551 IRS 5 are closely parallel, not just with each other but also with their surrounding flattened envelope. Measurements of the relative proper motion of the binary components spanning nearly 30 years indicate an orbital motion related to that of the envelope rotation. Eliminating orbital solutions whereby the circumstellar disks would be tidally truncated to sizes smaller than observed, the remaining solutions favor a circular or low-eccentricity orbit tilted by up to ∼25° from the circumstellar disks. Turbulence-driven fragmentation can generate local angular momentum to produce a coplanar binary system, but this would have no particular relationship to the system’s surrounding envelope. Instead, the observed properties conform with predictions for rotationally driven fragmentation. If the fragments were produced at different heights or on opposite sides of the mid-plane in the flattened central region of a rotating core, the resulting protostars would then exhibit circumstellar disks parallel with the surrounding envelope but tilted from the orbital plane, as is observed.
EVIDENCE FOR INTERMEDIATE POLARS AS THE ORIGIN OF THE GALACTIC CENTER HARD X-RAY EMISSION
Authors: Hailey Charles J. , Mori Kaya , Perez Kerstin , Canipe Alicia M. , Hong Jaesub , Tomsick John A. , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Fornasini Francesca , Grindlay Jonathan E. , Harrison Fiona A. , Nynka Melania , Rahoui Farid , Stern Daniel , Zhang Shuo , Zhang William W.
Published: July 2016

Recently, unresolved hard (20–40 keV) X-ray emission has been discovered within the central 10 pc of the Galaxy, possibly indicating a large population of intermediate polars (IPs). Chandra and XMM-Newton measurements in the surrounding ∼50 pc imply a much lighter population of IPs with

. Here we use broadband NuSTAR observations of two IPs: TV Columbae, which has a fairly typical but widely varying reported mass of

–

, and IGR J17303–0601, with a heavy reported mass of

–

. We investigate how varying spectral models and observed energy ranges influences estimated white dwarf mass. Observations of the inner 10 pc can be accounted for by IPs with

, consistent with that of the CV population in general and the X-ray observed field IPs in particular. The lower mass derived by Chandra and XMM-Newton appears to be an artifact of narrow energy-band fitting. To explain the (unresolved) central hard X-ray emission (CHXE) by IPs requires an X-ray (2–8 keV) luminosity function (XLF) extending down to at least 5 × 1031 erg s−1. The CHXE XLF, if extended to the surrounding ∼50 pc observed by Chandra and XMM-Newton, requires that at least ∼20%–40% of the ∼9000 point sources are IPs. If the XLF extends just a factor of a few lower in luminosity, then the vast majority of these sources are IPs. This is in contrast to recent observations of the Galactic ridge, where the bulk of the 2–8 keV emission is ascribed to non-magnetic CVs.
SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS OF THE X1Σ+ AND 13Π STATES OF AlO+
Authors: Sghaier Onsi , Linguerri Roberto , Mogren Muneerah Mogren Al , Francisco Joseph S. , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: July 2016

Using both standard and explicitly correlated ab initio methods in conjunction with several atomic basis sets, the ground state of AlO(X2Σ+) and the two lowest electronic states of AlO+ (1Σ+ and 3Π) are investigated. Potential energy curves for these species are mapped, which are incorporated later to solve the nuclear motion problem. Benchmark computations on AlO(X2Σ+) are used to determine the reliability of the theoretical methods and basis sets used for an accurate description of aluminum oxide compounds. The electronic ground state of AlO+ is X1Σ+, followed by the low-lying 13Π state. For both cationic electronic states, a set of spectroscopic parameters are recommended that may help in the identification of this ion in laboratory and astrophysical media. An accurate estimation of the adiabatic ionization energy of AlO, AIE = 9.70 eV, is also reported.
THE MASSIVE SURVEY. IV. THE X-RAY HALOS OF THE MOST MASSIVE EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES IN THE NEARBY UNIVERSE
Authors: Goulding Andy D. , Greene Jenny E. , Ma Chung-Pei , Veale Melanie , Bogdan Akos , Nyland Kristina , Blakeslee John P. , McConnell Nicholas J. , Thomas Jens
Published: July 2016

Studies of the physical properties of local elliptical galaxies are shedding new light on galaxy formation. Here we present the hot-gas properties of 33 early-type systems within the MASSIVE galaxy survey that have archival Chandra X-ray observations, and we use these data to derive X-ray luminosities (

) and plasma temperatures (

) for the diffuse gas components. We combine this with the

survey to investigate the X-ray–optical properties of a statistically significant sample of early-type galaxies across a wide range of environments. When X-ray measurements are performed consistently in apertures set by the galaxy stellar content, we deduce that all early types (independent of galaxy mass, environment, and rotational support) follow a universal scaling law such that

. We further demonstrate that the scatter in

around both K-band luminosity (L

K
) and the galaxy stellar velocity dispersion (

) is primarily driven by

, with no clear trends with halo mass, radio power, or angular momentum of the stars. It is not trivial to tie the gas origin directly to either stellar mass or galaxy potential. Indeed, our data require a steeper relation between

, and

than predicted by standard mass-loss models. Finally, we find that

is set by the galaxy potential inside the optical effective radius. We conclude that within the innermost 10–30 kpc region, early types maintain pressure-supported hot gas, with a minimum

set by the virial temperature, but the majority show evidence for additional heating.
GAS GIANT PLANET FORMATION IN THE PHOTOEVAPORATING DISK. I. GAP FORMATION
Authors: Xiao Lin , Jin Liping , Liu Chengzhi , Fan Cunbo
Published: July 2016

Planet formation and photoevaporation have both been considered as gap opening mechanisms in protoplanetary disks. We have studied giant planet formation in a photoevaporating disk with long-term evolution. Our calculations suggest that the core accretion rate of a protoplanet declines and the trigger of the runaway gas accretion for a giant planet is delayed under the action of photoevaporation. We find that the final mass of a giant planet characterized by the “gap-limiting” case is not influenced by photoevaporation but the final mass of a giant planet characterized by the “diffusion-limiting” case is greatly influenced by photoevaporation. Considering the formation process of giant planets, we suggest that the locations of the gaps opened by giant planets are within 30–40 au and the gap width in the “gap-limiting” case is wider than that in the “diffusion-limiting” case. We also find that gaps in photoevaporating disks are wider than those in non-photoevaporating disks. Our calculations suggest that the origins of multiple gaps in a disk can be diverse depending on their formation locations. In the formation region of giant planets, gaps are opened by giant planets. The outer gap beyond the giant planet formation region may be opened under the action of photoevaporation. A gap may also be opened at 1–3 au under the actions of photoevaporating dissipation and gas accretion of the outer giant planets.
The influence of water saturation on mechanical properties of ceramic bricks – tests on 19th- century and contemporary bricks
Authors: Matysek P. , Stryszewska T. , Kańka S. , Witkowski M.
Published: July 2016

The paper presents test results concerning ceramic bricks produced in 1880’s. Bricks were obtained from a building erected as part of Archduke Rudolf barracks in Krakow. The tests helped to specify changes in brick compressive strength and hardness, caused by water saturation in the ceramic material. For comparison purposes, tests were also carried out on contemporary bricks. Tests showed that mechanical properties of the ceramic bricks in the water saturation state were worse than in the dry state. The impact of strong brick moisture on changes of mechanical parameters is essential in terms of safety assessment for brick structures.
Objetos textuales y dispositivos colaborativos: de la etnografía como plataforma pública
Authors: Marrero Guillamón Isaac
Published: July 2016

Este artículo traza el inesperado devenir colaborativo acontecido en el transcurso de una investigación etnográfica en Hackney Wick (Londres) en torno al rol del arte en la crítica a la transformación urbana asociada a los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012. El descarrilamiento de lo que debía haber sido un ejercicio clásico de trabajo de campo condujo a una reformulación del ejercicio etnográfico como dispositivo colaborativo orientado a la producción de objetos textuales que a su vez actuaban como foro o plataforma pública. Este proceso se discute aquí como un gesto recursivo (o parasítico) que se apropia, y versiona, prácticas y modos de hacer propios del campo.
Auto-borradores: la antropología y la cultura difuminándose mutuamente
Authors: Corsín Jiménez Alberto
Published: July 2016

¿Qué clase de relato es el relato etnográfico? ¿Qué tipo de relaciones sociales y relaciones empíricas se entremezclan y confunden en él? El artículo repasa brevemente la historia de la primera ciencia experimental en el siglo XVII, donde nació el concepto de ‘relación’ como a un tiempo descriptor sociológico (para hablar de ‘relaciones sociales’) y descriptor analítico (para dar razón de fenómenos empíricos). Esta doble capacidad de la relación para ver y dejarse ver simultáneamente ha jugado un papel central en la historia de la etnografía. Hoy vemos aparecer, sin embargo, contextos y espacios de experimentación en los que los momentos descriptivos y analítico quedan difuminados, ensayos por una ‘cultura libre’ y una ‘cultura abierta’ donde lo descriptivo y lo analítico se mantienen deliberadamente en suspenso, en estado ‘borrador’. ¿Qué clase de relato y de relación es un borrador, y qué género etnográfico inaugura?
Un barrio marginado no es un barrio marginal. A propósito de Nazaret (Valencia)
Authors: Cucó i Giner Josepa
Published: July 2016

Este texto nos sitúa en Nazaret, un barrio periférico del water front de Valencia al que se observa desde tres perspectivas complementarias, representadas respectivamente por la mirada sincrónica de su actual estructura socioespacial; la contextualización diacrónica y procesual de los cambios que experimenta en el transcurso del último siglo; y el abordaje de las percepciones e imágenes que caracterizan al barrio así como los rasgos, actividad e incidencia de su tejido asociativo. El análisis focaliza el comportamiento de un conjunto de factores interconectados entre los que destacan los impactos del puerto y de las políticas urbanas, su composición socioeconómica, la consistencia de su tejido asociativo y la relación que mantiene con la administración. Mientras los tres primeros ítems favorecen la extensión de la precariedad y la vulnerabilidad social, impeliendo al barrio hacia la marginación y la exclusión, los segundos, encabezados por el prolongado dinamismo de su asociación de vecinos y el enfrentamiento que mantiene con el consistorio municipal, contrarrestan los efectos negativos de barrio, obstaculizando el tránsito de barrio marginado a barrio marginal.
« J’ay esté bien aise d’aprendre que vous soyez content du caractère de Mr Verrier »
Authors: Chabre Sandrine
Published: July 2016

Étienne Verrier, ingénieur du roi, œuvra à la grandeur de la France dans les colonies d’Amérique en travaillant à la construction de la forteresse de Louisbourg sur l’île Royale de 1724 à 1745. Au plus près de l’homme et de l’ingénieur, l’étude de l’importante correspondance qu’il échangea avec l’administration royale et les autorités locales permet d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur divers aspects de sa vie personnelle, mais aussi sur les conditions de vie sur le chantier, ses ambitions professionnelles ou encore la transmission de ses connaissances.
Éducation formelle et éducation informelle : regards croisés sur la notion de compétence (transversale)
Authors: Berry Vincent , Garcia Alain
Published: July 2016

Cet article envisage l’approche par compétences à travers deux champs de recherche : l’éducation formelle et l’éducation informelle. En premier lieu, les auteurs rappellent la genèse de la notion de compétence (transversale) et son inscription dans l’École française. Cette inscription montre ensuite ses limites dans le flou des définitions et des domaines d’application : on voit en effet la logique de compétences heurter la logique scolaire nationale. En dernier lieu, le cadre de l’éducation informelle semble dégrossir le problème : on pointe ici l’écart entre les compétences abstraites et les pratiques réelles, qui leur donneraient sens.
Chemoattractant Receptors BLT1 and CXCR3 Regulate Antitumor Immunity by Facilitating CD8+ T Cell Migration into Tumors
Authors: Chheda Zinal S. , Sharma Rajesh K. , Jala Venkatakrishna R. , Luster Andrew D. , Haribabu Bodduluri
Published: July 2016

Immunotherapies have shown considerable efficacy for the treatment of various cancers, but a multitude of patients remain unresponsive for various reasons, including poor homing of T cells into tumors. In this study, we investigated the roles of the leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT1, and CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, under endogenous as well as vaccine-induced antitumor immune response in a syngeneic murine model of B16 melanoma. Significant accelerations in tumor growth and reduced survival were observed in both BLT1−/− and CXCR3−/− mice as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes revealed significant reduction of CD8+ T cells in the tumors of BLT1−/− and CXCR3−/− mice as compared with WT tumors, despite their similar frequencies in the periphery. Adoptive transfer of WT but not BLT1−/− or CXCR3−/− CTLs significantly reduced tumor growth in Rag2−/− mice, a function attributed to reduced infiltration of knockout CTLs into tumors. Cotransfer experiments suggested that WT CTLs do not facilitate the infiltration of knockout CTLs to tumors. Anti–programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) treatment reduced the tumor growth rate in WT mice but not in BLT1−/−, CXCR3−/−, or BLT1−/−CXCR3−/− mice. The loss of efficacy correlated with failure of the knockout CTLs to infiltrate into tumors upon anti–PD-1 treatment, suggesting an obligate requirement for both BLT1 and CXCR3 in mediating anti–PD-1 based antitumor immune response. These results demonstrate a critical role for both BLT1 and CXCR3 in CTL migration to tumors and thus may be targeted to enhance efficacy of CTL-based immunotherapies.
How can work be designed to be intrinsically rewarding? Qualitative insights from South African non-profit employees
Authors: Renard Michelle , Snelgar Robin J.
Published: July 2016

Orientation: Intrinsic rewards are personal, psychological responses to the work thatemployees perform, which stem from the manner in which their work is designed.Research purpose: This study sought to discover in what ways non-profit employees arepsychologically rewarded by the nature of their work tasks. The use of a qualitative approachto data collection and analysis ensured that in-depth responses from participants were gained.Motivation for the study: Intrinsic rewards are of particular importance to non-profitemployees, who tend to earn below-market salaries. This implies that their motivationoriginates predominantly from intrinsic as opposed to extrinsic rewards; yet, research into thisarea of rewards is lacking.Research approach, design and method: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conductedusing a sample of 15 extrinsically rewarded non-profit employees working within South Africa.Thematic analysis was utilised in order to generate codes which led to the formation of fiveintrinsic rewards categories.Main findings: Intrinsic rewards were classified into five categories, namely (1) MeaningfulWork, (2) Flexible Work, (3) Challenging Work, (4) Varied Work and (5) Enjoyable Work.These rewards each comprise of various subcategories, which provide insight into why suchwork is rewarding to non-profit employees.Practical/managerial implications: Traditional performance management systems shouldbe re-evaluated in the non-profit sector to shift focus towards intrinsic rewards, asopposed to focusing only on the use of extrinsic rewards such as incentives to motivateemployees.Contribution/value-add: The study provides a qualitative understanding of how extrinsicallyrewarded non-profit employees perceive their work to be intrinsically rewarding, whichbridges the empirical gap pertaining to intrinsic rewards within this sector.
Pospešeno in kakovostno izobraževanje odraslih je pot iz gospodarske krize - Od funkcionalno nepismenih k razvitim ljudem
Authors: Krajnc Ana
Published: July 2016

Futurologi so gospodarsko, finančno in socialno krizo napovedali. Ekonomska rast pride enkrat do svoje meje. Prestrukturi- ranje vrednot omogoča nov način delovanja ljudi za preživetje in je edina pot iz krize. Za to pa potrebujejo veliko več znanja in izobraževanje odraslih postaja eden od glavnih dejavnikov za premagovanje svetovne krize. Vitalnost družbe se meri po stopnji razvitosti človeškega kapitala (povprečno število let šolanja na prebivalca, stopnja umrljivosti dojenčkov, pričakova- na življenjska doba). Sloj funkcionalno nepismenega prebivalstva ni sposoben sam preživeti v novih razmerah dela in življe- nja informacijske družbe, družbe sprememb ali družbe tveganja. Slovenija ima visoko stopnjo funkcionalno nepismenega ali trajno brezposelnega prebivalstva. Ozko preusposabljanje ne zadošča več za zagotavljanje zaposljivosti posameznika. Samo zvišanje stopnje izobrazbe in sodelovanje v odprtih možnostih okolja razvijeta ljudi do te mere, da postanejo samozadostni. Če je množica neizobraženih (ti se kopičijo kot brezposelni) prevelika, se odpira vprašanje, kdo jih bo preživljal. Temeljne spretnosti in sposobnosti ljudi današnjega časa se razvijejo v novi kakovosti izobraževanja, dialogu in kritičnem mišljenju. Konstruktivizem zagovarja razvoj osebnosti v nasprotju s šolstvom, preobremenjenim z mehaničnim memoriranjem.
Usposabljanje in identiteta izobraževalcev odraslih
Authors: Jelenc Zoran
Published: July 2016

Zaradi velike obsežnosti in raznovrstnosti izobraževanja in učenja odraslih ima to področje vzgojno-izobraževalne dejavnosti velike težave z identiteto. Te težave ugotavljamo na vseh treh identifikacijskih področjih, to pa so: identiteta stroke in področja izobraževanje odraslih; družbena identiteta stroke, ki jo štejemo za izobraževanje odraslih; osebna identiteta - identiteta izobraževalcev odraslih s stroko in dejavnostjo izobraževanja in učenja odraslih. V prispevku navajamo identitetne težave na vseh treh področjih. Pomanjkljiva identiteta je huda ovira pri izobraževanju in usposabljanju tistih, ki delajo in/ali želijo delati na področju izobraževanja odraslih ali pa se to od njih želi in/ali pričakuje. S skupnim imenom jih označujejo za izobraževalce odraslih, a njihove vloge in naloge n tem področju so različne. Vsebine in način usposabljanja je treba temu prilagoditi. Priporočamo: da se iz dokaj obsežnega seznama mogočih vsebin oblikujejo modularni programi, ciljno naravnani na izbrane ciljne skupine; da se udejanjanju programa sistematično pristopi z metodami trženja in pridobivanja (rekrutiranja) udeležencev; da se pridobi možnost za izdajo javno veljavnih certifikatov, s temi pa bi lahko nadomestili zdajšnji program pedagoško-andragoške izobrazbe, ki navedenim težavam z identiteto ne sledi dovolj in ustrezno; da se uspešne programe distribuira po Sloveniji in po možnosti izpelje v sodelovanju s partnerskimi institucijami
Priznavanje neformalnega in priložnostnega učenja – Rezultati raziskave
Authors: Radovan Marko
Published: July 2016

Recognition of non­formal and informal learning is one of the priorities of the educational systems in the European Union. As is evident from the literature review and research results, a great deal has been done in the legislative field, but educational institutions need more guidance on procedures for evaluating non­formal and informal learning. The paper also presents the results of the »Lifelong Learning 2010 (LLL2010)« project, dealing with the issues related to this topic
Korelacija med družinsko interakcijo in stališči mladoletnikov
Authors: Petani Rozana
Published: July 2016

Vpliv družine na posameznika je zelo močan in traja vse življenje. Družina se loči od drugih dejavnikov, ker posameznik v družinskem okolju preživi največ časa. V okviru družine otrok napravi prve korake, izreče prve besede, pridobi prvo znanje in prve vrednote, oblikuje temelje za nadaljnji razvoj v popolno osebnost. Starši so otrokovi prvi in najodgovornejši vzgojitelji, vzgoja pa je najpomembnejša in verjetno najzahtevnejša naloga vsakega starša. Mladostniško obdobje je v življenju posameznika velikega pomena zaradi procesa osamosvajanja in individuacije. Je prehodno obdobje, ki vodi iz otroštva v zrelost, in je tudi najbolj dinamično v posameznikovem razvoju. V tem obdobju se mladostniki spreminjajo in zorijo ter postanejo sposobni sprejemati lastne odločitve. Odnosi s starši močno vpivajo na njihovo vedenje. Naš prispevek analizira družino skozi družinsko interakcijo, ki ima naslednje razsežnosti: zadovoljstvo z družino, sprejetost ali zavračanje s strani matere in očeta. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali starševsko ravnanje in zadovoljstvo z družino, kot ju doživlja mladostnik, vplivata na njegova stališča do raznih vidikov družinskega življenja. Raziskava je zajela 862 dijakov zadnjih letnikov srednje šole, od katerih jih je bilo 385 moškega spola in 477 ženskega. Izsledki so pokazali statistično pomembno korelacijo med ovrednotenimi dimenzijami družinskih odnosov in stališči mladostnikov do družinskega življenja, z izjemo odnosa do dela. Pridobljena spoznanja je mogoče uporabiti v programih, ki naj skrbijo predvsem za pripravo mladih na starševske in zakonske vloge in razvijajo veščine, ki jih bodo mladostniki potrebovali pozneje v družinskem življenju za konstruktivno reševanje problemov, s katerimi se bodo srečevali.
Za koncept vseživljenjskega izobraževanja in vseživljenjskega učenja je koncept izobraževanja odraslih vitalnega pomena
Authors: Findeisen Dušana
Published: July 2016

Sredi finančne krize se vse bolj izgublja spomin na to, kaj nam je Evropska unija dala doslej in nam daje zdaj, tudi na področju izobraževanja odraslih, zato je morebiti prav, da se vrnemo k preglednim vtisom s konference, ki je zaznamovala deseti rojstni dan programa Grundtvig. Konference Deset let programa Grundtvig ali deset let inovativnosti in inovacij v izobraževanju odrasli v Bruslju sem se resda udeležila kot predstavnica AGE Platform Europe, vodilne evropske organizacije za vprašanja starejših, kjer delujem kot izvedenka za zaposlovanje in izobraževanje starejših. Uradno sicer ne, v resnici pa sem na tej konferenci zagovarjala tudi stališča slovenske univerze za tretje življenjsko obdobje in seveda stališča, ki smo jih razvili v slovenski andragogiki.
Pomen računalniškega izobraževanja in e-opismenjevanja za starejše
Authors: Radojc Aleksandra , Mlakar Robi
Published: July 2016

V članku želimo s pomočjo teoretičnih spoznanj in izkušenj, ki smo jih na Slovenski univerzi za tretje življenjsko ob- dobje pridobili na podlagi vsakoletnih računalniških izobraževanj, opozoriti na pomen računalniškega izobraževanja in e-opismenjevanja za starejše generacije. Poudariti želimo prednosti, ki jih prinaša uporaba svetovnega spleta in drugih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologij starejšim odraslim, ter to generacijo predstaviti znotraj prostora e-izobraženosti Evropske unije.
Transitions, generations andinformal learning in later life
Authors: Field John
Published: July 2016

The nature of transitions across the lifecourse is changing, as are the ways in which these transitions are understoodand investigated by social scientists. Much earlier debate on older adults’ transitions has tended to be rooted in acco-unts of relatively fixed social roles and age-based social stages. However, while we can detect some tendencies towardsdestandardization and restandardization of the lifecourse in later life, we can also see significant continuities in theinfluences of socio-economic position, gender, and ethnicity, as well as of generational position, that continue to affectpeople’s life chances, as well as the expectations and experiences of transition of older people. The paper examines theinterplay of these complex and contradictory structural positions and cultural locations on transitions, and considersthe ways in which older people use and understand learning, formally and informally, as a way of exercising agencyand recreating meaning. It will draw on recent research into the life histories of adults in Scotland, a relatively smallcountry with a typically European pattern of demographic change. The study was concerned with agency, identity,change and learning across the life course, and this paper will concentrate on the evidence relating to experiences oftransition in later life. It will particularly focus on the idea of ‘educational generations’ as a key concept that helps usunderstand how adults use and interpret learning in later life.
Značilnosti postmoderne ter vpliv virtualnosti na kulturni turizem in izobraževanje odraslih
Authors: Sousa Vanda
Published: July 2016

Avtorica proučuje povezave med značilnostmi postmoderne, virtualnostjo novih tehnologij in kulturnim turizmom. Najprej opredeli kulturni turizem ter predstavi njegove sestavine in področja. Obravnava tudi izobraževanje odraslih, tako kulturnih turistov kot prebivalcev v kraju, zlasti izobraževanje za razvoj kulturnega turizma, ki je v postmoderni pomembno gibalo gospodarskega in družbenega razvoja.