bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY OF COMPLEX EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIXER QUALITY/ASFALTBETONIO MAIŠYTUVO KOKYBĖS KOMPLEKSINIO VERTINIMO KRITERIJAI IR METODIKA
Authors: Sivilevičius Henrikas
Published: February 2019

The structure and sequence of technological operations of mixers for bituminous concrete mixtures, functioning in Lithuanian bituminous concrete mixing plants have been analyzed. The problems, which are subject to interest by the owners of bituminous concrete mixers, have been systematized. The necessity and objectives of quality evaluation of the functioning bituminous concrete mixers have been proved. A new multi-criteria mathematical model for determining quality of bituminous concrete—consisting of the sum of 4 group indicators, which evaluate quality of bituminous concrete mixture production in the mixer, environmental care, economy and technological universality—has been provided. The following 9 criteria make up the mathematical model, which can be used for calculation of quality indicator K of the working bituminous concrete mixer: accuracy of the bituminous concrete mixture content, produced in the mixer, ie the conformity of its component quantity with the project requirements (s); its temperature conformity with the temperature determined (t); its homogeneity in the batch, described by the mixing quality of batched components (h); environmental care, when the air is polluted by pollutants, thrown out from bituminous concrete (aa); bituminous concrete mixture production expenses as for one ton of (gi); level of physical and moral wear of the mixer (nl); expenses, needed for its maintenance and reconstruction (rr); use of its capacity when producing bituminous concrete mixture (pn); as well as technological universality of bituminous concrete mixer, ie ability to produce mixtures of different types and marks (tu).

Coefficients of significance (importance) of all criteria are determined, using expert research methods. For this purpose a questionnaire for respondents (experts) has been prepared, which was filled by 43 scientists and production specialists, who have good knowledge of technology of bituminous concrete mixture production. The high value of concordation coefficient (W = 0,719) has shown good coordination of expert opinions, because X 2 = 247,5 is much higher than critical X 2 kr value with ε = 8 freedom level and 1% of accepted significance level, which makes up only 20,09.

The experts believe that the most important criteria, reflecting the quality of bituminous concrete mixture are S([Xbar] j = 8,60), H([Xbar] j = 7,58), t(Xj = 7,3o), following in the range is the criterion AA (Xmac;j = 4,95), TU([Xbar]j = 4,56), GI([Xbar]j= 3,91), NL([Xbar]j = 3,47), and at the end least important RR([Xbar]j = 2,44) and PN([Xbar]j = 2,19). total sum of criteria is 45.

The bituminous concrete mixer quality change when using it has been provided. The relation of its quality coefficient K reduction rhythm and level of conformity with the requirements imposed and constantly getting stricter has been analyzed.
EVALUATION MODEL OF DRY MIXES FOR PLAS-TERBOARDS/STATYBINIŲ MIŠINIŲ, NAUDOTINŲ SU GIPSKARTONIO PLOKŠTĖMIS, VERTINIMO MODELIS
Authors: Dėjus Titas , Mitkus Sigitas
Published: February 2019

Dry building mixtures' market analysis demonstrated that construction arrangement experts sometimes do not have enough information or are not aware of the methods enabling them to choose effective dry building mixtures to be used while erecting partitions of plasterboards. Pre-project documentation usually does not specify, which of the mixtures (in most cases called ‘putty’) should be used in certain cases. That results in certain problems at the pre-construction stage as well as at the time of setting and puttying seams of the plasterboard partitions and at the time of preparing the partitions for final finish.

There are even more alternatives to be considered while increasing processibility of erection of the whole partition: the same type of putty may be used for setting all layers in order to facilitate the suppliers' work, or firmer putty may be used for the first layers and a different one—for the final layer in order to achieve better quality; setting a seam which is particularly resistant to cracks or confining oneself on a weaker seam, which will be later covered by wall-paper or ceramic tiles, etc. Abundance of alternatives and possibility to put into practice any of them creates quite a great emotional tension. In this case subjective opinion of an employee making the decision becomes determinant. Which of the subjective factors of evaluation are the most important?

Questioning of some building-related employees was carried out in order to answer the question. 59 respondents have filled in the questionnaire. Table 4 provides the results of the respondents' determination on the most important factors of putty evaluation and choice.

Methods of determining the importance of effectiveness factors are described in detail in certain literature [4, 5, 6, 7]. This article suggests evaluation of the product's usefulness subject to the formula (2) with certain restrictions or following the SAW method (3). The ideal point method (4)—(9) specified in this evaluation model should be used only if special software is available.
ANALYSIS OF FIRES AND RESCUE WORK IN LITHUANIA/GAISRŲ IR GELBĖJIMO DARBŲ LIETUVOJE ANALIZĖ
Authors: Čyras Petras , Griškevičius Mecislavas
Published: February 2019

In 1999, there were 14 002 fires in Lithuania. Their losses reached 24 mill Litas. Comparing with 1998, the number of fires increased by 50,2% and loss—10.4%. Fires destroyed 1006 buildings, 215 vehicles, 4,4 tons of grain and other technical cultures.

In 1999, 202 inhabitants died during fires in Lithuania, 13 including children; 214 inhabitants were wounded.

For 10 000 inhabitants were 37.8 fires. In 1999 there were 10.11% arsons in Lithuania. The most of fires were in open places, in forests, in meadows and peat bogs. 35% of fires occurred in dwelling sector. The essential fire causes are: careless contact with fire (49.66%), violation electrical equipment rules (11.06%), naughty children (9.11%).

4412 duty persons are working in Lithuanian fire and rescue service. Fire and rescue service has 44 branches in the cities. 430 duty persons guard three the most important industrial objects.

202 firemen brigades are financed from the magistrate budgets. They include 2225 staff.

In 1999 State inspectorate for fire prevention worked effectively. New statute, instruction of work organisation was prepared, all-important industrial objects were inspected.

The strategical work of branches was improved. 28% of fires were eliminated faster than in 15 minutes, the number of fires which elimination takes more than 2 hours decreased.

In 1999, Lithuanian fire and rescue brigades made 5781 rescue works. 800 of them were car accidents, 305—search for drowned men, and 9 people were saved in the water. Diving training section was established in the firemen training centre.

Officials raise their qualification constantly. 1301 officials have a qualification category. In 1999, 202 privates and 18 officers were trained in the firemen training centre, 980 privates and 206 officers were requalified. 102 officials were retrained with the help of Norway firemen association. 24 Lithuanian officials raised their qualification in Sweden and 22 in Denmark. 51 divers were trained and 74 divers got their rating.

Priorities of work:

further reorganisation of Fire and rescue service;

development of legal regulations;

improvement of fire-fighters training and further qualification raising process;

widening of rescue works spectrum;

better supply of technical equipment of Fire brigades.
PHENOMENON OF INERTIA IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY/STATYBOS PRAMONĖS INERTIŠKUMO FENOMENAS
Authors: Kapliński Oleg
Published: February 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama inercijos įtaka gamybos sistemų patikimumui. Sistemos inercija apibūdina darbų tęstinumo reiškinį, kai ankstesniu etapu įvyko avarija. Autoriaus nuomone, inercija gali būti apibūdinama kaip laikotarpis nuo sistemos avarijos momento iki momento, kai sistema pradeda veikti.

Sukurtas inercijos efekto įvertinimo metodas ir sudarytas algoritmas tarn, kad būtų galima kontroliuoti gamybos sistemos patikimumą. Patikimumo analizės metodas pateiktas tik pranešimų aspektu. Taip pat pateiktos gamybos patikimumo sistemų tobulinimo galimybės. Lyginami perteklinis ir inercijos metodai. Šio palyginimo rezultatai ir inertiškumo poveikis sistemos patikimumui ir sudaro šio straipsnio esmę. Pagrindinės išvados: kai inertiškumas artėja prie sistemos paskutinės fazės, jo poveikis sistemai didėja; inertiškumo didėjimas sukelia sistemos pokyčius, kurie artėja prie tam tikros reikšmės; sistemos trukdžių vidurkio įtaka inertiškumui apibrėžiama balno formos priklausomybe, tuo tarpu įtaka nuo trukdžių kiekio inertiškumui apibrėžiama S formos priklausomybe.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTING THE RESOLUTION NO 92/57 ES OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EU MINISTRIES IN GERMANY/DIE UMSETZUNG DER RICHTLINIEN 92/57/EWG DES EU-MINISTERRATES IN DEUTSCHLAND
Authors: Seeling Reinhard
Published: February 2019

Until now, in Germany, a construction company was in full responsibility for the fulfilment of a contract including the works performed on the contract terms. Today a person who awards a contractis is also responsible for the works performed on the contract terms. The performance of works in accordance with new terms requires additional experts who work for certain remuneration and to certain extent become the coordinators of construction.

The new procedure pursues four purposes: decrease in the number of accidents, the preparation of safety of works, the integration of aspects of a contract into planning and announcing of these aspects before awarding a contract to an executor, and the engagement of the owner of construction in the procedure of settling the problems of work safety. In the course of creation this new system, the following works must be carried out: the elaborated analysis of an available situation and the settlement of a number of theoretical and practical problems. The research performed has shown that the major reasons of accidents in the course of construction comprise falling down from a big height and other events of falling down. They make up almost 40 per cent of all accidents. Over one third of these accidents occur because of the mistakes made at the stage of construction planning.

Due to a new attitude to the safety of works the functions of the owner of construction are extended, the plan ensuring the safety of works and health made by a coordinator becomes necessary, mutual cooperation between the owner of construction and a coordinator as well as the qualification of the coordinator become very important. Therefore the functions of a coordinator and decisions that are to be made at the stages of planning, organizing and performing the works must be clearly outlined.

To ensure the effective work of a coordinator his remuneration must be correctly calculated in accordance with the EU directives.

To ensure the feasibility of this system the responsibility of all its participants must be outlined as well.
MULTI-CRITERION ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF SELECTED CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN POLAND/EKONOMINIS IR FINANSINIS PASIRINKTŲ STATYBOS KOMPANIJŲ LENKIJOJE DAUGIAKRITERINIS ĮVERTINIMAS
Authors: Meszek Wieslaw , Thiel Tomasz
Published: February 2019

Pateikti du statybos kompanijų Lenkijoje įvertinimo metodai. Taikant pirmąjį metodą naudojamas kompleksinis Altmano indeksas. Pasirinktoms kompanijoms buvo nustatyta šio indekso reikšmė. Vertinant antruoju metodu, pasiūlytu autoriaus, pritaikyta naudingumo funkcija (metodas UTA). Šis metodas yra vienas iš daugiakriterinių analizės metodų.

Aprašomas UTA metodas, pradinė informacija ir duomenų bazė, panaudota Prefcalc programiniam aprūpinimui. Pateikti programos skaičiavimo rezultatai. Jie palyginti naudojant statybos kompanijų rangavimo abiem metodais reikšmes.
THE APPLICATION OF MULTI-CRITERION METHODS FOR VALUATION OF RECREATION PROPERTY/DIE ANWENDUNG DER MEHRKRITERIELLEN METHODE BEI DER BEWERTUNG VON ERHOLUNGSGRUNDSTÜCKEN
Authors: Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Kaklauskas Arturas , Raslanas Saulius , Malienė Vida
Published: February 2019

Multi-criterion valuation methods are widely used in real estate valuation all over the world. In USA, UK and other countries these methods are part of techniques based on comparative and reinstatement values as well as on income use [1]. A number of problems in the valuation of real property can be eliminated by the methods of multiple criteria analysis, which came into existence only at the second half of the 20th century. Currently, they have become very important in the international practice of the real property valuation. In most cases they are based on market modelling and economic assumptions. Therefore, sometimes they are referred to as separate valuation methods, and classified as modern ones.

This article describes a new method of multiple criteria analysis. This method based on the market analysis and valuation principle is in line with the traditional comparative value method, therefore it can be attributed to the group of the indirect comparative value methods. These methods facilitate the universal and more extensive multiple criteria analysis of the property, since they take account of a number of different criteria, ie qualitative, quantitative ones, market conditions. The proposed method can meet the demands and needs of many interested groups since it enables to estimate not only the market value of the property, but also other values, eg investment value, value of use, market value of the current use of the property, etc. This article analyses the theoretical model of the method, which was used to estimate the market value of the recreation premises.
OGLE-2014-BLG-0962 and a Comparison of Galactic Model Priors to Microlensing Data
Authors: Shan Yutong , Yee Jennifer C. , Udalski Andrzej , Bond Ian A. , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Jung Youn-Kil , Calchi Novati Sebastiano , Beichman Charles A. , Carey Sean , Gaudi B. Scott , Gould Andrew , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The Spitzer Team), Poleski Radosław , Skowron Jan , Kozłowski Szymon , Mróz Przemysław , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wyrzykowski Łukasz ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard K. , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Alex Li Man Cheung , Matsubara Yutaka , Muraki Yasushi , Miyazaki Shota , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Maoz Dan , Kaspi Shai , Friedmann Matan ,   (The Wise Group)
Published: February 2019

OGLE-2014-BLG-0962 (OB140962) is a stellar binary microlensing event that was well covered by observations from the Spitzer satellite as well as ground-based surveys. Modeling yields a unique physical solution: a mid-M+M-dwarf binary with M
prim = 0.20 ± 0.01 M
☉ and M
sec = 0.16 ± 0.01 M
☉, with projected separation of 2.0 ± 0.3 au. The lens is only D

LS
 = 0.41 ± 0.06 kpc in front of the source, making OB140962 a bulge lens and the most distant Spitzer binary lens to date. In contrast, because the Einstein radius (θ
E = 0.143 ± 0.007 mas) is unusually small, a standard Bayesian analysis, conducted in the absence of parallax information, would predict a brown dwarf binary. We compare the results of Bayesian analysis using two commonly used Galactic model priors to the measured values for a set of Spitzer lenses. We find all models tested predict lens properties consistent with the Spitzer data. Furthermore, we illustrate the methodology for probing the Galactic distribution of planets by comparing the cumulative distance distribution of the Spitzer two-body lenses to that of the Spitzer single lenses.
How Adsorption Affects the Gas–Ice Partitioning of Organics Erupted from Enceladus
Authors: Bouquet Alexis , Glein Christopher R. , Waite J. Hunter
Published: February 2019

We study the effect of adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Enceladus’ geysers, both onto the ice grains ejected in the plumes, and onto the ice walls of the cracks connecting Enceladus’ internal ocean to its surface. We use a model of adsorption/desorption based on the Polanyi–Wiegner equation and experimental values of binding energies (energy of desorption E
des) of the adsorbed compounds to water ice. We find that under conditions expected at Enceladus, the process of adsorption tends to ensure that the VOCs with the highest binding energy are over-represented on the ice surface, even if their abundance is comparatively lower than those of other compounds. We find that VOCs with E
des ≤ 0.5 eV are insignificantly affected by adsorption while compounds with E
des ≥ 0.7 eV are readily retained on the surface and compete to occupy most of the adsorption sites. We also deduce that ice grains falling back onto the surface are likely to retain most of the molecules adsorbed on their surface. The implication is that remote observation or sampling of the ice in the cracks or of the surface around it would show a mixture of VOCs that would not be representative of the gas phase of the plumes, with the high E
des VOCs dominating the adsorbed phase.
The SOMA Radio Survey. I. Comprehensive SEDs of High-mass Protostars from Infrared to Radio and the Emergence of Ionization Feedback
Authors: Rosero V. , Tanaka K. E. I. , Tan J. C. , Marvil J. , Liu M. , Zhang Y. , De Buizer J. M. , Beltrán M. T.
Published: February 2019

We study centimeter continuum emission of eight high- and intermediate-mass protostars that are part of the SOFIA Massive Star Formation Survey, thus building extended spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the radio to the infrared. We discuss the morphology seen in the centimeter continuum images, which are mostly derived from archival Very Large Array data, and the relation to infrared morphology. We use the SEDs to test new models of high-mass star formation including radiative and disk-wind feedback and associated free–free and dust continuum emission. We show that interferometric data of the centimeter continuum flux densities provide additional, stringent tests of the models by constraining the ionizing luminosity of the source; they also help to break degeneracies encountered when modeling the infrared-only SEDs, especially for the protostellar mass. Our derived parameters are consistent with physical parameters estimated by other methods, such as dynamical protostellar masses. We find a few examples of additional stellar sources in the vicinity of the high-mass protostars, which may be low-mass young stellar objects. However, the stellar multiplicity of the regions, at least as traced by radio continuum emission, appears to be relatively low.
A Three-dimensional View of Molecular Hydrogen in SN 1987A
Authors: Larsson J. , Spyromilio J. , Fransson C. , Indebetouw R. , Matsuura M. , Abellán F. J. , Cigan P. , Gomez H. , Leibundgut B.
Published: February 2019

SN 1987A is the only young supernova (SN) in which H2 has been detected in the ejecta. The properties of H2 are important for understanding the explosion and the ejecta chemistry. Here we present new Very Large Telescope/SINFONI observations of H2 in SN 1987A, focusing on the 2.12 μm (1,0)S(1) line. We find that the 3D emissivity is dominated by a single clump in the southern ejecta, with weaker emission being present in the north along the plane of the circumstellar ring. The lowest observed velocities are in the range of 400–800

, in agreement with previous limits on inward mixing of H. The brightest regions of H2 coincide with faint regions of Hα, which can be explained by Hα being powered by X-ray emission from the ring, while the H2 is powered by 44Ti. A comparison with ALMA observations of other molecules and dust shows that the brightest regions of H2, CO, and SiO occupy different parts of the inner ejecta and that the brightest H2 clump coincides with a region of very weak dust emission. The latter is consistent with theoretical predictions that the H2 should form in the gas phase rather than on dust grains.
Suspected cutaneous anthrax in rural areas
Authors: Kibar Ozturk Melike
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Cutaneous anthrax (CA), a zoonotic infectious disease is an important endemic public health disease in rural areas around the world, accounting for 95% of anthrax cases.

Methodology: Fifty patients with CA were diagnosed by the presence of characteristic skin lesions and positive response to treatment. Twenty-nine patients had been treated with oral ciprofloxacin or doxycyclin for 14 days and 21 patients had been treated with intramuscular procaine penicillin for 7 days. The demographic risk factors, characteristics and treatment of CA in rural areas were evaluated. The responses to two different systemic medications were compared using χ2 test.

Results: Twenty-two males and 28 females were included in this study. The predominant skin lesions were black eschar, ulcer and swelling of the skin. The predilection sites were the hand and fingers. The most common route of contamination for both male and female patients was handling raw meat. The most common occupation was housewife for female patients and animal industry for male patients. The patients under ciprofloxacin or doxycyclin administration responded better to treatment; pain at lesion site and new lesions at the time of treatment were significantly lower. Secondary infection appeared to be higher in patients under procaine penicillin administration, although this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: In rural areas that lack medical facilities with diagnostic tools, in the presence of black eschar, rapid diagnosis and treatment of CA is essential. The administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic is recommended as the first line treatment of suspected CA.
Phylogenetic and morphological studies in Xylodon (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) with the addition of four new species
Authors: Riebesehl Janett , Yurchenko Eugene , Nakasone Karen K. , Langer Ewald
Published: February 2019

Xylodon (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is the largest segregate genus of Hyphodontia s.l. Based on molecular and morphological data, 77 species are accepted in Xylodon to date. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S sequences, including 38 new ITS and 20 28S sequences of Xylodon species, revealed four species new to science. The new taxa X.exilis, X.filicinus, X.follis and X.pseudolanatus from Taiwan, Nepal, Réunion, Belize, and USA are described and illustrated. In addition, species concepts for Odontiavesiculosa from New Zealand and Xylodonlanatus from U.S.A. are revised and the new name X.vesiculosus is proposed. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region placed X.spathulatus, X.bubalinus and X.chinensis in a strongly supported clade and demonstrated that they are conspecific. Palifer and Odontiopsis are synonymised under Xylodon based on morphological and sequence data. The following new combinations are proposed: X.erikssonii, X.gamundiae, X.hjortstamii, X.hyphodontinus, X.septocystidiatus and X.verecundus. Line drawings of X.cystidiatus, X.hyphodontinus, X.lanatus and X.vesiculosus, as well as photographs of X.raduloides basidiomata, are provided. A key to X.lanatus and similar species is presented.
Which ecosystems provide which services? A meta-analysis of nine selected ecosystem services assessments
Authors: Bordt Michael , Saner Marc
Published: February 2019

For ecosystem measurement frameworks to be accepted, operationalised and implemented by diverse international communities, clear and agreeable concepts and classifications are essential. This paper analyses and develops two foundational typology challenges within ecosystem measurement: the classification of ecosystems and the classification of their services. Our aim is to determine if there is sufficient consensus to ascertain “Which ecosystems provide which services?” for standardised ecosystem accounting.

This paper first compares classifications used in nine selected ecosystem assessments as input studies that make value statements about multiple ecosystems providing multiple ecosystem services. Given that these nine studies do not use identical concepts, classifications and terminologies, we develop “supersets” that can accommodate the diversity of classifications used in these input studies. Each input study is then corresponded to these new supersets.

On the basis of this analysis, substantial consensus was found that some ecosystems are more likely to provide certain services than others are. However, for several ecosystem types, there was little or no consensus on which services they provide. Linkages for which there is consensus can serve as a checklist for future ecosystem services assessments. Both the framework of the supersets and the correspondence and visual methods developed will be useful for integrating information at different scales (for example, linkages from local, ecosystem-specific and ecosystem services-specific studies). This paper also provides guidance to future ecosystem services assessments to use, test and extend the current classifications of ecosystems and ecosystem services.
Scarabaeinae dung beetles from Ecuador: a catalog, nomenclatural acts, and distribution records
Authors: Chamorro William , Marin-Armijos Diego , Asenjo Angélico , Vaz-De-Mello Fernando Z.
Published: February 2019

The Ecuadorian territory is divided into four natural regions: the coastal lowlands, the Andean highlands, the Amazon basin, and the Galapagos Islands. Each of these regions has its own ecosystems and specific vegetation. The purpose of this work is to compile an updated catalog of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ecuador that includes distributional data and several nomenclatural acts. We compiled data from 25 scientific collections, with the examination of 13,550 scarabaeines; additionally, 390 bibliographic references were reviewed for their taxonomic histories. The Scarabaeinae fauna from Ecuador is represented by 33 genera and 223 species, with 45 range-restricted species; 27 species were erroneously recorded from the country. The following nomenclatural acts are made: (A) two new status as valid species: Canthon (Glaphyrocanthon) ohausi Balthasar, 1939,stat. n., and Deltochilum (Calhyboma) arrowi Paulian, 1939stat. n.; (B) one new synonym:UroxysmagnusBalthasar, 1940 =UroxyslatesulcatusBates, 1891,syn. n.; (C) two revalidated names: Canthidium (Canthidium) orbiculatum (Lucas, 1857) and Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) fortepunctatus (Luederwaldt, 1923); and (D) ten lectotypes designated for:ChoeridiumorbiculatumLucas, 1857;ChoeridiumcupreumBlanchard, 1846;CanthidiumcoerulescensBalthasar, 1939;CanthonangustatusHarold, 1867;CanthonangustatusohausiBalthasar, 1939;DeltochilumtessellatumBates, 1870;PinotusfortepunctatusLuederwaldt, 1923;PinotusglobulusFelsche, 1901;UroxyslatesulcatusBates, 1891; andUroxysmagnusBalthasar, 1940. The type specimens related to the new nomenclatural acts are illustrated and the maps of the geographical distribution of all species are provided.
L’interpretazione delle Charites (Gratiae) in Cornuto e in Seneca
Authors: Setaioli Aldo
Published: February 2019

Cornuto ritiene che i racconti mitici originari, trasmessi dalle età più antiche, racchiudano profonde verità, che è possibile ricostruire attraverso l’analisi di tutte le fonti – figurative, rituali, letterarie – che ce li transmettono. La sua esegesi allegorica non si applica quindi direttamente ai testi poetici, che, sebbene non possano essere ignorati come testimoni, hanno corrotto l’antica tradizione sapienziale con aggiunte e cambiamenti arbitrari. La sua interpretazione del mito delle Charites (capp. 15-16) ha un corrispondente in Seneca, Ben., I, 3, 2 - 4, 6. Quest’ultimo polemizza con l’interpretazione data da Crisippo e in parte ripresa da Ecatone. I contatti con Cornuto dimostrano che quest’ultimo si rifaceva proprio a Crisippo. Ma mentre per Cornuto la poesia, pur avendo alterato arbitrariamente il mito, conteneva ancora qualche traccia della verità primigenia, Seneca, pur non escludendo che contenuti di verità si trovassero nel mito originario, rifiuta totalmente questo approccio ermeneutico, perché i poeti e gli artisti si preoccupano esclusivamente delle loro finalità estetiche.
Alle fonti di Cornuto
Authors: Filoni Andrea
Published: February 2019

La Quellenforschung della Epidrome di Cornuto è una impresa molto difficile, non solo perché il filosofo non cita le sue fonti, ma anche perché ha l’abitudine di rielaborarle, anche molto fortemente. Questa impresa è stata affrontata, in modo parziale, da K. Reinhardt e, in forma completa, da B. Schmidt, con i mezzi dell’epoca. Il risultato era che il Περὶ θεῶν di Apollodoro di Atene doveva essere la fonte principale – anche se non unica.Oggi possiamo fare un nuovo tentativo, anche per verificare il ruolo di Apollodoro, grazie a una migliore conoscenza della tradizione filologica alessandrina, in particolare del metodo di Aristarco e dello stesso Apollodoro nella esegesi e interpretazione dei testi letterari. Questo permette di andare oltre il semplice confronto di Cornuto con i frammenti apollodorei, peraltro già fatto da Reinhardt e Schmidt. Altri criteri utilizzabili sono la coerenza interna della trattazione cornutea e la presenza di Omero, autore-guida di Apollodoro. Un confronto sui contenuti tra la struttura del Περὶ θεῶν di Apollodoro e il manuale cornuteo è utile alla comprensione di entrambi : il trattato del grammatico vuole descrivere il cosmo di Zeus ; non viene data una particolare attenzione né a una dottrina cosmogonica o a quella sugli elementi. I capitoli della Epidrome che sono confrontabili con l’opera apollodorea vanno dal 9 al 35 – da cui però devono essere tolti quelli provenienti dalle altre fonti.Altri stimoli possono venire confrontando Cornuto con un testo bizantino, già notato da Reinhardt, che sono le Allegorie alla Teogonia di Esiodo di Giovanni Galeno. Questo testo merita di essere rivalutato : a prescindere da alcune aggiunte cristiane (dello stesso Galeno) e neoplatoniche, e ovviamente una generale riscrittura, esso preserva molto bene un dotto commentario ellenistico al poema di Esiodo, di tendenza stoica, che per lo più interpreta la Teogonia in modo fisico, in particolare meteorologico ; termini post quem sono Apollodoro e Posidonio. Dal momento che questo testo non è molto conosciuto, viene data una descrizione.Nella Epidrome percepiamo la autorità del Περὶ θεῶν di Apollodoro e della Μετεωρολογικὴ στοιχείωσις di Posidonio, sia in forma diretta sia in forma indiretta : Apollodoro nel commentario stoico a Esiodo, in Cornuto e nel trattato ps.aristotelico De mundo ; Posidonio nel commentario stoico e sia nel De mundo che in Cornuto (gli epiteti di Zeus). Ciò si accorda molto bene con lo sfondo culturale del I sec. d.C.
«Triste estaba y muy penosa»: sobre la formación del romancero erudito y sobre los ciclos de romances
Authors: Gamba Corradine Jimena
Published: February 2019

Analizamos la transmisión impresa del romance del lamento de la reina troyana («Triste estaba y muy penosa») en pliegos sueltos y en cancioneros de romances durante el siglo xvi. Presentamos las versiones que conoció el romance y defendemos que la versión más larga, que circuló en cancioneros, habría bebido de pasajes de la Crónica troyana (Juan de Burgos, 1490), pues en ambas tradiciones se cuenta la traición cometida por Eneas y Antenor contra su propio pueblo. En la segunda parte del artículo discutimos que la formación de los ciclos de romances eruditos, como el ciclo troyano, podría haber tenido lugar durante el proceso de creación y consolidación de los cancioneros de romances.
Marcas autoriales de composición en fray Antonio de Guevara: compositio numerorum y enumeraciones (más o menos) fraudulentas
Authors: Blanco Emilio
Published: February 2019

Este artículo da cuenta de la extraordinaria frecuencia con que Guevara acude en el Relox de príncipes a patrones numéricos para organizar el curso de su prosa. Tras un análisis del andamiaje intelectual clásico y patrístico que podría animar esa práctica retórica, se intenta probar que estamos ante un recurso de autoridad más, junto a la cita de autoridades clásicas, para insertar en el tenue hilo narrativo –la vida del emperador romano Marco Aurelio– la materia doctrinal que el franciscano quiere comunicar a su público.
Le livre et le ventre. Jean Bouche d’or, Anthure, Dieudonnée et les aléas de la (ré)écriture
Authors: Sobczyk Agata
Published: February 2019

Cet article est consacré à la comparaison de trois textes : La Vie de saint Jehan Bouche d’or de Renaud, La vie de sainte Dieudonnée anonyme et le Miracle de saint Jehan Crisothome et de Anthure, sa mère du recueil des Miracles de Notre dame par personnages. Il s’agit des trois versions de la vie du saint légendaire, dont les deux dernières introduisent le personnage de sa mère. Les modifications que les auteurs ultérieurs font subir à l’intrigue concernent deux domaines : d’un côté, celui du corps et des relations entre les sexes, de l’autre, celui de l’écriture, qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la vie et le personnage de Jean. Les deux séries de modifications sont sans doute associées, puisque l’écriture s’oppose à la parole comme le masculin au féminin et l’esprit au corps, ces oppositions étant hiérarchisées et soumises au pouvoir dont l’écriture est un outil. Pourtant, l’analyse des trois textes montre la relation entre l’écriture et la parole comme plus complexe, puisqu’elle se présente non seulement en termes d’opposition mais de complémentarité.
Drying of Banana Slices: Lumped Model Application and Experiments
Authors: de Farias R. Pereira , de Oliveira V.A. Barbosa , Brandão V.A. Agra , Pereira da Silva W. , de Lima A.G. Barbosa , Nascimento J.J. Silva
Published: February 2019

This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of banana drying. Whole banana were peeled, sliced manually and dried in an oven at constant drying condition (40 and 70°C). Drying, heating and shrinkage lumped models were proposed and fitted to experimental data. Non-linear regression analyses were done to verify the consistence of the models to predict the experimental data. Results revealed which air temperature affect significantly moisture removal, heating and shrinkage of banana slices. Drying, heating and dimensions variations were increased when higher temperature and area/volume relationship are used. The fitted results presented good agreement with experimental data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Double-Promoted Copper-Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation into Fuels
Authors: Tuan Sulong Tuan Syahylah , Halim N.S.A. , Mohd Zabidi Noor Asmawati
Published: February 2019

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2into fuels and chemicals is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to reduce the concentration of CO2in the atmosphere. In this study, double-promoted Cu/ZnO catalysts were prepared on Al2O3and CNTs supports via impregnation method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XPS, TEM, N2adsorption, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD analyses. Introduction of Nb and Zr promoters into the Cu-based catalysts on CNTs support resulted in smaller Cu nanoparticles and improved reducibility compared to those of the Al2O3-supported catalyst. The catalyst activity was evaluated in a fixed-bed stainless steel reactor operated at 22.5 bar and 523K. Conversion of CO2higher than 20% was achieved and product distribution was influenced by the type of catalyst supports.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Zaid Hasnah Mohd , Fakhruldi Hanan , Yow Foo Yoong , Razali Norzafirah , Dasan Yaleeni Kanan
Published: February 2019

In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized for possible application in enhanced oil recovery. Sol-gel method was employed with titanium (IV) isopropoxide as the precursor. The prepared materials were characterized using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) techniques. Reaction parameter such as calcination temperature was varied during the preparation to obtain the uniform TiO2 nanoparticles with the smallest particle size and high surface area. The results of study revealed that 400 °C is the optimum calcination temperature in preparing TiO2 nanoparticles producing the smallest crystallite and particle sizes. XRD results indicated that the nanoparticles have formed anatase phase at 400 °C and achieved low crystallite size of 7.27 nm with the smallest average particle size of 19.53 nm through FESEM and HRTEM observations. BET analysis had achieved the highest surface area 103.64 m2/g.
Relaxation Effects in Nonstoichiometric NBT-Based Ceramics
Authors: Politova E.D. , Strebkov D.A. , Belkova D.A. , Kaleva G.M. , Golubko N.V. , Mosunov A.V. , Sadovskaya N.V. , Panda P.K.
Published: February 2019

Effects of cation nonstoichiomtry on crystal structure parameters, microstructure, and dielectric properties of ceramics (Na0.5+xBi0.5)TiO3and (Na0.5-xBi0.5)TiO3with Bi/Na<1 and of solid solutions [(Na0.5Bi0.5)1-xKx]TiO3and (Na0.5Bi0.5)(Ti1-xMgx)O3withx= 0 – 0.1 have been studied. Changes in the unit cell parameters and microstructure of the samples observed in ceramics prepared correlate well with both preparation conditions and radii of substituting cations. Ferroelectric phase transitions near ~ 400 K and ~ 600 K were confirmed ib the systems studied. Phase transitions near ~ 400 K demonstrate a pronounced relaxor behavior determined by the presence of polar regions in a nonpolar matrix. Besides, additional anomalies related to presence of relaxing dipoles formed by oxygen vacancies were observed on temperature dependences of dielectric permittivity at temperatures higher than 700 K. The results obtained confirmed that increase in nonstoichiometry lead to increase in ionic conductivity of the samples.
Impact of students' perceived quality of distance education on student satisfaction with special reference to undergraduate students of bachelor of management studies degree programme, the open university of Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeykoon M. W. M. , De Alwis A. C.
Published: February 2019

Distance education becomes more accepted as a legitimate form of education and as colleges and universities attempt to meet the growing demand for courses and programmes for distance learners, one major concern that attracts the attention is the aspect of quality. The primary issue for distance learning institutions, like for conventional ones, is quality and the assurance that students are being provided with the best possible education or training with the highest possible standards. Purpose of this study was to analyze the construct of quality as perceived by distance learners of Bachelor of Management Studies program at the Open University of Sri Lanka and the influence of this perception on the students' satisfaction. The study focused on identifying students perceptions of key dimensions that define the construct of quality from students' perspective. A questionnaire was used as the key tool of data collection. Descriptive and correlational statistics were the main tools used in the study. Results of the study clearly indicated that all dimensions except perception on quality of faculty were significantly correlated with students' satisfaction. The study conclude that institutions are required to pay attention to factors such as quality of pedagogy, learner support, technological and even infrastructure as measure of meeting students' quality expectations.
Faculty requirements planning and course cycling in part-time, online degree programs
Authors: Gnanendran Kingsley
Published: February 2019

Many universities are moving toward the offering of part-time, online degree programs particularly at the graduate level. Typically the dean or another administrator is responsible for devising a course cycling plan along with adequate supporting faculty resources that enables students to progress and graduate within a reasonable and expected span of time. This problem is difficult to resolve due to uncertainty of demand for specific courses contained in the program. For example: (i) the program may be delivered with flexibility in time-to-completion, meaning that students are not assigned at admission to a specific cohort that proceeds in lockstep fashion toward graduation; (ii) the curriculum may contain elective courses which inject an element of choice; (iii) some courses may require the completion of other courses as prerequisites creating demand dependencies; and (iv) not every matriculated student successfully completes the program, and empirically observed retention rates will need to be factored in. Here we propose an approach for planning faculty requirements and course offerings that meets student flow and other constraints. The methodology combines linear programming with well-known operations management concepts such as material requirements planning and flow analysis.
Challenges and opportunities associated with development of small and medium enterprises in Jaffna district
Authors: Vaikunthavasan S. , Velnampy T. , Rajumesh S.
Published: February 2019

With the globalization trend, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are in rapidly growing and developing arena. It has momentous influences on the prolific changes in all countries, and they are major contributor for inclusive economic growth, regional development, employment generation and poverty reduction in Sri Lanka. This research was conducted to diagnose the awesome challenges and opportunities of SMEs in the existing situation of Jaffna District. Further this paper reviewed the existing literature, empirical studies as well as the prevailing data bases in order to identify the challenges and opportunities for the development of SMEs in the Jaffna District. Researcher conducted qualitative exploratory research; explain the phenomenon of problematic situation of SMEs in Jaffna District. Purposive sampling technique was the sampling method, primary data collection method was used to collect the data, and structured interview was conducted with the 37 heads of community development institution in the Jaffna district. This study revealed that end of the war crafted peace environment in Sri Lanka, Many problems and challenges are faced by SMEs in Jaffna District in this post war situation, SMEs in Jaffna District are in the embryonic stage comparing with SMEs in other district in Sri Lanka and there are vast opportunities and unutilized resources for industrial expansions in this SME sector in Jaffna District. This industrial enlargement will create more market opportunities to the SMEs. The important implication of this study is that the SME sector is envisaged opportunities to contribute to transform lagging regions into emerging regions of prosperity.
Where the optimal balance is between public and private jobs: a qualitative study of graduates from university of Jaffna
Authors: Dilogini K. , Thasika Y.
Published: February 2019

Throughout the qualitative study, researchers examined how graduates are demanding jobs to settle an optimal balance between public and private jobs. Findings are based on in-depth interviews with recently and earlier passed out graduates from University of Jaffna. In this study, researchers revealed how a job of graduates is finding an optimal balance, engaged in public and private jobs. Data were collected from 25 recently passed out and 25 earlier passed out graduates. First, researchers explored the situational and beneficial demands placed on those public and private jobs, along with the optimal balance that often results from those demands. Researchers then specified new model that reforms those job demands. To produce results, researchers developed a theoretical model of optimal balance between public and private jobs for graduates. Key findings of this study are the gaining of consciousness regarding to job selection underpinning stimuli and discover the balancing points between private and public jobs through inductive codes developed by researchers in this qualitative exploratory study.
Impact of bank internal factors on profitability of commercial banks in Sri Lanka: a panel data analysis
Authors: Suganya S. Jeyan , Kengatharan L.
Published: February 2019

Banking system takes a major part to provide better financial services to the people in a country. Aim of this study is to examine what extent bank internal factors impact on profitability of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. Capital adequacy, Operating cost efficiency, Non-performing loans, Bank size, Liquidity, Assets Quality and Managerial efficiency are considered as bank internal factors while Return on assets is considered as profitability measure of this study. Panel data has been collected from published financial statement of nine commercial banks listed on Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) for the period of ten years from 2006 to 2015. Fixed effect and random effect models are performed to investigate the best model to evaluate the impact of bank internal factors on profitability. Results of the study reveal that random effect model is the best model using Hausman specification test. As per the random effect model, capital adequacy has positive and significant impact on profitability while non-performing loan and operating cost efficiency have negative and significant influence on profitability. Rest of the selected variables such as bank size, liquidity, assets quality and managerial efficiency don't have any significant impact on profitability of commercial banks in Sri Lanka. The finding of this study provides information to present and future investors for making best decision on which internal factors should be well analyzed when they make investment on banking sector in Sri Lanka.
Metabolic Activity of Intestinal Microflora in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Ivashkin Vladimir , Zolnikova Oxana , Potskherashvili Nino , Trukhmanov Alexander , Kokina Natalia , Dzhakhaya Natiya , Sedova Alla , Bueverova Elena
Published: February 2019

The gut microbiota plays the important role to support the immunological tolerance. To study a metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora the 44 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and 17 healthy volunteers were tested. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) spectrum was determined using the method of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. We have detected a significant decrease the total content of the fatty acids in the feces (P<0.001), the absolute concentrations of the individual acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate; P<0.001) and the total content of isoacids (P<0.001) for all of the patients with bronchial asthma in the study, regardless of the phenotype. The anaerobic type of the SCFA spectrum was detected for the majority (83%) of the patients tested. The aerobic type of the SCFA metabolic profile was detected for another part (17%) of the patients tested. Being detected the parameters change could play the principal role as for the bronchial asthma course as to support the organism sensibilisation.