bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Area-Delay-Power-Efficient GDI Architecture Select Adder to Carry
Authors: Saranya R. , Paulchamy B. , Kalpana K. , Teresa V.V. , Logamurthy P.
Published: February 2025

The signal processing system is extremely popular in this day and age. All of the primary circuits in the digital signal processing system are built around the adder, which is the fundamental building block. Today’s needs for lowering the delay, space, and power consumption of adder circuits boost the overall efficiency of the system, propelling it to the next stage of technological development. Despite the fact that the Carry Select Adder (CSLA) takes up more space, it is being utilised in place of the ripple carry adder in order to reduce propagation delays. In other models, a Carry Select Adder based on a Binary to Excess-I Converter (BEC) was utilised, which required fewer logic resources than a standard CSLA and was hence more energy efficient. The fact that these CSLAs reject one sum after the calculation, however, means that they are not more efficient. As a result, the delay was not significantly decreased. It is necessary to apply the reduced logic CSLA in order to overcome this challenge. However, by employing the Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) Technique, it is possible to achieve a lower delay than the previously suggested reduced logic CSLA. The suggested technique consumes less power and has a shorter propagation latency than existing techniques. In addition, the number of transistors necessary for the circuit was reduced by implementing this GDI-based CSLA. It is possible to create an efficient adder using this technique, as seen above.
Advancements in CNN-Based Techniques for Robust Image Forgery Detection: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: C Raghavendra , Dodda Ratnam , Sake Madhu , Nimmala Satyanarayana
Published: February 2025

In response to the rise of manipulated images online, which are often obscured by compression and resizing, effective forgery detection systems have become essential. These systems address both social challenges on platforms like Facebook and legal issues stemming from image manipulation. A common form of image tampering, known as copy-move forgery, involves duplicating a part of an image and pasting it elsewhere within the same image. This study presents a novel approach utilizing block processing and feature extraction to tackle the detection challenges posed by such forgeries. By analyzing features from transforms applied to image blocks, the proposed system can accurately detect manipulations. Incorporating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) further enhances detection efficiency through convolution and pooling layers, enabling the system to distinguish between genuine and tampered images. Evaluation on the CASIA2 dataset, consisting of 4795 images (1701 authentic and 3274 forged), demonstrates a high accuracy of 97.7%, marking significant progress toward reliable and real-time forgery detection. This methodology offers a robust solution for addressing copy-move forgeries, providing a valuable tool to combat image manipulation in social and legal domains.
Artificial Super Intelligence Driven Electric Spring For Voltage Regulation
Authors: Rao P. Nageswara , Lakshmi V. Vijaya , Srinivas D. , Kumar K. Sathish , Narsaiah M.N.
Published: February 2025

This article details the design of an advanced smart grid model that utilizes an enhanced optimal variation strategy through the integration of renewable energy sources. A key innovation presented here is the development of a renewable energy-based smart grid system that incorporates an Artificial Super Intelligence Network (ASIN) to maintain a stable voltage profile and balanced reactive power levels throughout the grid. This goal is achieved by deploying solar energy source, along with ASI technique, for effective reactive power control using Electric Spring technology. The smart grid’s power demands are met by managing the reactive power levels through the integration of these renewable sources. A Feed Forward Neural Network is utilized to optimize power calculations, determining voltage profiles and power loss based on system load. The Electric Spring serves as an optimal VAR compensating device, ensuring that reactive power remains within permissible limits across the smart grid. The proposed system enhances the voltage profile, reduces power loss, and maintains reactive power balance in the grid. The implementation of this approach is carried out in a MATLAB/Simulink environment, where performance is analysed for different scenarios. The solar energy-powered smart grid effectively achieves its objectives in these cases. Notably, the integration renewable energy sources with the ASI Network results in an improved voltage profile of approximately 98.45%, with the profile rating increasing from 1.05 to 1.06 p.u. Additionally, real power loss is minimized from 3.75 MW to 3.52 MW.
Logistics aspects of organising multimodal deliveries in the sustainable development context
Authors: Shapoval Ganna , Chyzhyk Vitalii , Melnykova Kateryna , Popova Yuliia , Lytvynenko Sergiy
Published: February 2025

The relevance of the chosen topic is determined to be the increasing role of multimodal connections of various transport modes and the need to identify theoretically justified and practically significant logistical aspects of organising multimodal deliveries in the context of sustainable development. The methodological basis of the study is formed by the methods of logic and abstraction, system and strategic analysis, theoretical generalisation and expert assessments, methods of conceptualisation and categorisation, heuristic forecasting and mathematical modelling. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the creation of effective tools for the systematic organisation of multimodal transportation under the conditions of spreading the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. Within this framework, the prerequisites for the implementation of effective multimodal delivery systems were identified, decision-making systems for multimodal transportation operators were improved, and a scheme for implementing and evaluating the strategies of participants in transport and logistics markets for multimodal cargo delivery was proposed.
Improved Harmonic Mitigation Using Dual Three-Phase iUPQC
Authors: Kumar Y. Anil , Swathi P. , Venkata Vajjala , Prasanna Anjali , Reddy G. Veera Sankara , Reddy Sareddy Venkata Rami
Published: February 2025

This study simplifies iUPQC administration by employing a dual three-phase design, which makes the methodology behind the study more transparent. By utilising a parallel (shunt) and series active filter, it is possible to limit the amount of harmonics and unbalances produced by the iUPQC. When compared to a conventional UPQC, an iUPQC modifies the series filter in such a way that it operates as a sinusoidal current source. This is in contrast to a conventional UPQC. Since the iUPQC is regulated using voltage and current sinusoidal references rather than non-sinusoidal references, the frequency spectrum of the pulse width modulation (PWM) controls is well-known. This is because the iUPQC uses sinusoidal references rather than non-sinusoidal references. The study of power flow, as well as simulation and design control, are included in this paper.
Energy management system using RF module
Authors: Vardhan R. Harsha , Reddy C. Harinatha , Prasad R. Ramanjan , Pakkiraiah B. , Vardhan L. Harsha
Published: February 2025

The demand for electrical energy is steadily increasing, and the buildings sector represents one of the largest energy end use. The larger amounts of that energy are wasted due to unnecessary heating and cooling. Several studies have shown that the major reason for this behaviour lies in poor controls and the lack of feedback information. In this paper we develop a device that controls home appliances from distance with integrated acknowledgement feature. Unlike the conventional system present in houses, where one has to manually switch on and off the appliances. The proposed system allows the owner of the house to control the appliances wirelessly through a centred location. This is extremely convenient for users as they can control their house loads at any time and from any place (depends on range of the RF module). This system consists of an Arduino microcontroller with various sensors such as a temperature sensor, simple RF modules as well as actuators to control the air conditions. The simple measures show that using the suggested system can save the electricity cost for every test case.
Automatic Graphical Supervisory Optimal Energy Management System for Institutions Incorporated Industrial Controller
Authors: Venkateswarlu G. , Desai Santosh R. , Uday Kaparthi , Satish B. , Madhavi P. Sri
Published: February 2025

In the realm of education, there exists a critical need to enhance saving energy. Traditional methods of managing classroom resources often result in unnecessary energy consumption, with lights and fans running even without students surrounding the appliances. The power consumption per day in the institutions, currently averaging 275 kWh, with approximately 30% of the power consumed unnecessarily. The available solutions are not user-friendly for graphical operations and not flexible for easy troubleshooting. The main objective of this paper is to implement an automation system with a Graphical User Interface for controlling Electrical Appliances concerning prescheduled timings of institutions and a no. of students. It will be flexible for operators by switching into AUTO & MANUAL mode operations. This paper used the GS Series HMI module, FX5U PLC, & sensors to automate the system. The selected controller can control 512 field devices. iQ-R PLC is preferable for large-scale applications, which can control 4096 field devices. It was proved that the proposed work saves the power from 12% to 18%.1 Overview.
Optimization Techniques on Quantum and Classical Systems: A Comprehensive Comparative Study
Authors: Shaik Hussain , Rajitha Morampudi , Priyamvada K. , Bhargavi R. Naveena
Published: February 2025

Quantum optimization is a promising field revolutionizing problem-solving across domains. This study compares Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) on three platforms : a local computer, a local computer with quantum integration, and an IBM quantum machine. Results indicate PSO’s consistent performance across all setups, with the IBM quantum machine having a longer elapsed time. For MFO, the optimal solution is found using the IBM quantum machine, despite its longer execution time. Similarly, GA achieves the best results on the IBM quantum machine. These findings suggest that while quantum computers excel in solving complex problems, their execution time for simpler tasks remains higher than classical setups. Future research should address challenges like noise, limited qubits, and high material costs to improve quantum computers’ efficiency and availability.
Waste to Wealth: A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Waste in Sustainable Building Materials
Authors: Pamu Yashwanth , Alugubelli Sanjana
Published: February 2025

As the global community grapples with the escalating challenges of waste management and environmental sustainability, the paradigm shift towards sustainable building practices emerges as a pivotal solution. This comprehensive review delves into the transformative potential of converting agricultural waste into valuable resources for the construction industry. The paper presents a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the utilization of such waste streams in various traditional building materials, encompassing concrete and cement products, aggregates, insulation materials, and bricks. By exploring the technical, economic, and environmental facets of these applications, the review aims to uncover the synergies and challenges associated with turning waste into wealth in construction. The discussion extends to reducing carbon footprints, waste diversion strategies, and adherence to regulatory standards. Through critical examination of current research, this review not only showcases successful implementations but also identifies research gaps and proposes future directions in the ongoing pursuit of greener and more resilient construction practices. In essence, “Waste to Wealth” advocates for a sustainable approach that not only addresses the mounting waste crisis but also propels the construction industry towards a more environmentally conscious and economically viable future.
A Research Investigation on the Effects of Nanomaterials on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Persis P Keren , Geetha R.
Published: February 2025

The development of lithium-ion storage devices has made nanostructured material which have a huge surface area, porosity, and enhanced reactivity a crucial area of research. These special qualities allow for novel active processes, shorten the Li-ion transport distance, decrease the specific surface current density, and significantly enhance battery constancy and specific capacity. Additionally, by reducing internal resistance, composite nanostructures with integrated electronic conductive channels can boost specific capacities even at high charge and discharge rates. Employing nanomaterial electrodes in lithium-ion storage offers evidential changes in energy density, power output, cycle life, or any combination of these advantages from the standpoint of battery applications. Nanoparticle or nano-powder electrode materials such as ultrafine variants of traditional micron-sized powders were the subject of the first nanotechnology applications in this area. Due to its conductive qualities, carbon black was one of the first nanomaterials used in lithium-ion batteries and has been used ever since the technology’s creation. The present research will examine whether nanomaterials affect the lifespan and performance of lithium-ion batteries, with an emphasis on the ways in which these cutting-edge materials improve the lifetime and performance of batteries.
A Critical Perspective on the Electricity Energy Policies of African Countries
Authors: Karabulut Andac
Published: February 2025

In the 21st century, significant investments and research in electricity, a vital energy need, are being made as fossil fuels decline and governments seek more sustainable sources. In 2020, the International Energy Agency allocated $1.34 trillion to enhance clean energy production, with a 25% increase from 2021 to 2023. Post-COVID-19, efforts continue to create policies that prevent rising energy costs from impacting consumers, with government spending on affordability nearing $630 billion, particularly in Europe. However, viewing this situation through the lens of developed or developing countries may be overly optimistic. This study analyzes the energy needs of Botswana, Lesotho, Zambia, and Zimbabwe and their implications for the region’s demographic and economic structure. This study aims to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, examining renewable energy policies in Africa, particularly electricity policies, within a critical framework of social sciences alongside technical studies.
Synergistic Intelligent Control Mechanisms for Enhanced Grid Stability and Efficient Energy Management in Smart Power Systems
Authors: Anusha K. , Anandhi R.J. , Jain Alok , Garg Monica , Saeed Ali , Bodha K.D.
Published: February 2025

The need to physically upgrade and expand India’s inadequate and overburdened electric power structure has emerged as a national imperative given contemporary societal, ecological, and legal conditions as well as novelty risks. It targets the development of safer, more flexible and reliable systems, in view of increasing customers’ demand for enhanced power quality. This article focuses the characteristics of the new generation Smart Grids (SG) with focus on advanced communication and control with a view of creating flexible and self-healing power systems. This paper examines capabilities like fault detection, isolation and power restoration along with sophisticated QoS for both bulk transmission and distribution. The reasoning provided here lends significant support to the adoption of Dynamic Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow (DSOPF) as an important enabler of smart grid. The article expands on how adding DSOPF to enhanced DMS capability can facilitate these design objectives and provide a foundation for progressive integrated power grids.
Design and Hybridization of Battery-Supercapacitor Systems for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in MATLAB Simulink
Authors: Mishra Heena , Pandey Rudra , Aditya Utkarsh , Ansari Saif
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the modeling, simulation, and hybridization of a supercapacitor (SC) with a battery using MATLAB Simulink. The hybrid system aims to improve energy delivery, reduce charge-discharge cycles, and extend the lifespan of the battery. The methodology involves creating a detailed simulation model of both the SC and the battery within the MATLAB Simulink environment. The system’s behavior is analyzed under different load conditions to evaluate its performance in energy storage and power delivery. This hybrid system shows promising potential for use in electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and other high-demand applications. In conclusion, the hybridization of SC with batteries enhances energy management systems, offering a viable solution for improving the longevity and performance of modern energy storage technologies. Further research is recommended to optimize the battery using MATLAB Simulink.
Performance Comparison of PI Controllers for Conical Tank Process Using Various Tuning Methods
Authors: Subhadra Harivardhagini , Reddy Vakiti Srilatha , Prananvanand S. , Swapna N.
Published: February 2025

Maintaining liquid levels in non-linear systems like conical tanks is critical for industrial processes, as these tanks, commonly used for handling slurries and viscous fluids, exhibit varying dynamics due to their changing cross-sectional area. This paper explores the design and evaluation of Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers for regulating liquid levels in such tanks, where the liquid rise rate decreases with height, causing varying time constants and system gains. Several tuning methods, including Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon, Chien Hrones Reswick (CHR), and Kappa-Tau, are applied and assessed based on metrics like settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. The comparative analysis offers valuable insights into optimizing control performance for non-linear systems, addressing the unique challenges posed by conical tanks, and providing practical guidance for industrial applications.
Optimizing Distributed Energy Storage Deployment in Smart Grids for Enhanced Grid Performance and Energy Management
Authors: Reddy K. Jyothsna , G Veeresh , Kansal Lavish , Sharma Saurabh , Al-Rubaye Taqi , Arun Vanya
Published: February 2025

Large-scale hydroelectric is the most mature kind of energy storage, but medium- and small-scale plants are used widely with renewable energy sources that are likely to be integrated in the next generation electrical distribution system or smart grid. This paper proposes a useful tool to estimate the potential benefits of distributed energy storage in smart grids with respect to different regulatory frameworks and services. A new mathematical approach, based on costs, for the optimisation of energy storage location, size and control is also proposed. It is assumed that the energy storage systems, proposed to be included in the electrical distribution network (from now onward Smart Grid), are owned and managed by the Smart Grid Operator. It is necessary to assess the benefits of both the presence of Smart Grid and the external grid, noted as Load Grid, that are linked through the Smart Grid transformer.
Modeling and Thermal Analysis on Dissimilar Weldments of Monel 400 and Steel 316L
Authors: Yelamasetti Balram , Vangapandu Chandra Kala , Muri Venkateswara Prasad , Pothula Chinnari Mrudula , I Phani Sushma Sri , T Mahender
Published: February 2025

Dissimilar combination of Monel 400 and stainless steel 316L are widely used in marine applications, heat exchanger, nuclear industries where the weldments are usually subjected to hot corrosion. Thermal behavior of dissimilar joints during welding process was analyzed using ANSYS® software 16.0. Thermo-mechanical analyses were carried out to predict the temperatures at different zones and their histories along the weld bead. During analysis, temperature dependent properties (physical and mechanical) were considered to predict accurate data. Fixed boundary conditions were considered to predict the stress distribution in the welded joints. The peak temperatures, their cycles and stress distribution were predicted at various locations of weldment and presented here.
Low Heat Input CMT Welding: A Study on Microstructure, Strength, and Corrosion Behavior in Dissimilar Weldments
Authors: Chilakamarri L. Aslesha , Kali Charan Rath , T Vishnu Vardhan
Published: February 2025

The low arc heat input welding process can reduce the amount of heat energy required to join the weld metals to produce the desired structures resulted in lower heat-affected zone width, good penetration depth and proper bead geometry formation. In this research, the cold metal transfer welding process was utilized to join the dissimilar plates of AA62082 and AA7075 base metals with ER2219 filler wire. Lower welding currents were used to join the 6 mm thick plate in single pass without any defects. The macro and bead properties were taken from the optical microscope along with their structural changes at various zones of weldment. The standard tensile testing was carried out for three samples using universal testing machine. Cyclic sweep test was conducted on weld surface area to study the corrosion resistance in alcoholic environment. The results obtained from this research work presented and discussed in detailed by comparing other welding technique.
Thingspeak Cloud Server Based IoT Equipped Firefighting Robot
Authors: Nadakuditi Gouthamkumar , Venakteshwarlu S. , B Sharath Kumar , Pulluri Harish , Preeti  , Goud B. Srikanth
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the development of a novel firefighting robot prototype designed to mitigate fire incidents while enhancing situational awareness through modern technological integration. The robot employs an array of sensors, including IR sensors for flame detection, MQ-2 gas sensors for hazardous gas monitoring, and LM-35 temperature sensors for thermal assessment, all orchestrated by microcontrollers like Arduino Uno and ESP-12E. A key innovation lies in the real-time transmission of environmental data to a cloud server, enabling remote monitoring and analysis. Furthermore, the prototype is equipped with user-friendly control via Wi-Fi connectivity through the Blynk App on Android devices, providing intuitive operational functionality. The results demonstrate the prototype’s efficacy in detecting fires, collecting and transmitting critical data, and facilitating effective fire suppression measures, offering a significant step forward in fire safety automation.
Water Cycle Optimization based Frequency Regulator for Electrical Power System Stability
Authors: Naga Sai Kalyan Ch. , Anand Kumar K. , Manohar P. , Babu N.N.V. Surendra , Goud B. Srikanth
Published: February 2025

This paper projects the implementation of the water cycle optimization (WCO)-aided proportional-integral-derivative (PID) as the frequency regulator to the electrical system. In this regard, a diverse sourced multi-area power system (DAMAPS) is taken for the investigation and carried out the analysis with 10% step load disturbance (SLD). However, the efficacy of WCO is demonstrated with the squirrel search algorithm and differential evolution approaches. Moreover, the DAMSPS is deliberated with the constraints of practicality, and the significance of communication time delays (CTDs) is examined. Further, a HVDC line is tied up with the DSMAPS, and the improvement in system dynamical behaviour was validated by the simulation study.
Improving Electric Vehicle Battery Health Management with Explainable AI
Authors: Divya G. , Mustare Narendra B. , Lakshmi Swarupa Malladi , Kumar K.S.V. Phani
Published: February 2025

Effective battery health management is crucial for the performance, safety, and longevity of electric vehicles (EVs). Traditional battery monitoring systems face challenges in accurately predicting battery health due to the complex electrochemical processes involved. This paper explores the use of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to enhance battery health management in electric vehicles. XAI provides insights into complex machine learning models, allowing for transparent decision-making and improved understanding of the factors affecting battery health. This approach not only enhances the accuracy of battery diagnostics and prognostics but also fosters greater trust in AI-driven battery management systems. The study highlights the potential of XAI to offer actionable insights, facilitate predictive maintenance, and contribute to the overall efficiency and reliability of EV batteries, paving the way for safer and more sustainable electric mobility.
Energy from Waste Trends and Challenges
Authors: K Rajesh Kumar , K Lakshmi Prasanna , R Gobinath , Divyasri
Published: February 2025

Energy from Waste (EFW) addresses waste management and energy supply issues. This study aims to identify research trends, challenges, and the current status of EFW using scientometric analysis. Objectives include understanding the field's evolution, assessing global contributions, and identifying future research gaps. Bibliometric methods measured trends in publications, citations, and country participation. Innovations in the EFW sector were evaluated based on current research and challenges. Data was sourced from indexed databases like Scopus, covering publication frequency, citation distribution, author collaboration, and geographical distribution over the past decade. Findings indicate a rise in EFW publications and citations in the last five years, but further research is needed on cost-effectiveness, energy recovery optimization, and waste-to-energy conversion technologies. These insights are beneficial for researchers, policymakers, and investors focused on EFW sector expansion.
Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Hybrid Energy Sources
Authors: Dora Radhika , Jagan Vadthya , Varma N. Rajasekhar , Swathi K. , Rao G. Sandeep , Chenchireddy Kalagotla
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a bi-directional AC-DC converter for EV charging stations. The charging station is interconnection hybrid energy sources solar, Diesel generator, and grid. The proposed configuration has a bi-directional converter, which means AC-DC and DC-AC. The IGBT switches are used in this paper for high current and power ratings. The main objective of this paper is electrical vehicle charging. The operation of the converter in normal mode charges the battery (G2V), when the vehicle is in rest position it converts energy (V2G). The total operation was simulated by using MATLAB/simulation software. The battery current, state of charge (SOC) and voltage results were verified. The overall system operated well in steady state condition.
Design and Implementation of RFID-Enabled Petrol Pump and EV Charging Automation
Authors: Bhupathi Hari Prasad , Rao Kambhampati Venkata Govardhan , Sanjeev Gadi , Sai Kalyan CH. Naga , Goud B. Srikanth
Published: February 2025

Plan and build an automated gasoline pump system using radio frequency identification technology. Most gas stations use manual pumps. The holder of the vehicle must communicate with the driver. Automating these processes benefits both the vehicle holders and the time saved. We can reduce maintenance costs by eliminating the need for manual power. Here, we suggested an approach like an RFID-based automated gas pump system. EM-18 RFID reader Linked to the Arduino board via UART ports. A relay linked to an Arduino digital pin controls the AC pump/DC EV charging station. Digitised pins on an Arduino board interface with a 4x4 matrix keypad. Swiping an RFID card and entering a password are prerequisites to this project. It will ask for the money if the password is right. The gas station or electric vehicle charging station will turn on and supply fuel based on the amount you enter. When the user enters the wrong password, a buzzer will sound. Subtract the amount from the RFID card according to the amount you enter. If there is not enough, the buzzer will sound. A 16x2 LCD screen will show all this data.
Polarization-type potential-induced degradation in bifacial PERC modules in the field
Authors: Hacke Peter , Molto Cecile , Colvin Dylan , Smith Ryan , Mahmood Farrukh Ibne , Li Fang , Oh Jaewon , Tamizhmani Govindasamy , Seigneur Hubert
Published: February 2025

This study examines the susceptibility of bifacial glass/glass passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) modules to potential-induced degradation-polarization (PID-p) in the field. While there are several studies showing PID-p occurring on both front and back faces of bifacial PERC in accelerated tests, we address the yet unclarified behavior in fielded modules. We examine the effects of mounting configuration; specifically, comparing modules mounted near ground and in elevated ground rack configurations. Modules with the cell circuit in −1500 V system voltage configuration, whether mounted on racks about 30 cm above the ground or elevated 2 m high showed mean degradation of 4.5% to 6% in power under standard test conditions over about 2.5 weeks as measured from the front side of the module. This extent of degradation remained sustained for a duration of about 6 months analyzed. Average daytime temperatures of modules in the various mounting configurations were similar and therefore judged to be insufficient to be a primary influence for the modest PID-p rate differences that we observed among mounting configurations. Increased leakage current in the morning suggests morning dew was sustained longer on modules near the ground measured over six months which would be expected to increase the PID-p rate over the long term. However, the main difference seen between the modules on the various mountings during the initial period with up to 6% mean degradation by PID-p was the approximately two times the irradiance from albedo on the rear of modules mounted in elevated ground rack compared to those on the near ground rack. This difference in incident albedo led to a modestly reduced rate of the development of PID-p of the modules on the elevated ground rack. The difference is attributed to the dissipation of PID-p-causing electrical charge by the albedo incident on the module rear. The behavior could be modeled by a sigmoidal equation with consideration of the differences in the insolation on the module rear.
Acute Placental Inflammation Is Associated with Reduced Progesterone Receptor Density in the Basal Decidua in Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Suresh Sunitha , Freedman Alexa , Hirsch Emmet , Ernst Linda M.
Published: February 2025

Objective A functional progesterone withdrawal has been thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). The density of the progesterone receptor (PR) in gestational tissues could play a role in functional progesterone withdrawal. We sought to understand the relationship between placental pathology and the density of PR in the basal decidua in the setting of spontaneous preterm delivery.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of 40 patients with spontaneous PTB < 37 weeks from a prior study at NorthShore University HealthSystem previously described. Placental pathology was categorized according to the Amsterdam criteria into acute inflammation (AI), chronic inflammation (CI), maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), and fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). Slides containing basal decidua were stained for PR. Ten distinct images were obtained from the basal plate of each placenta. The positive cell detection program in QuPath image analysis software was used to estimate the percentage of cells positive for PR (%PR + ). The mean %PR+ cells were calculated from the ten representative images and were correlated with patterns of placental injury using t-tests. Models were adjusted for gestational age at delivery.

Results The median gestational age at delivery was 32.5 weeks (interquartile range: 30.5, 34.1). There was a lower density of %PR+ cells among those with AI (12.9%PR+ without AI vs. 9.1%PR +  with AI, p = 0.03). There were no differences in the percent of %PR+ cells based on CI, MVM, or FVM. Models adjusted for gestational at delivery demonstrated persistent association with PR density and AI and no difference in the other pathologies.

Conclusion The presence of AI is associated with the lower density of PR expression in the basal decidua by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Further research is needed to investigate these findings in the context of spontaneous PTL and the prevention of PTB.

Key Points
Facial Fillers and Surgical Rhinoplasty: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vansteelant Géraldine , D'Souza Alwyn ,   EAFPS Filler Working Group
Published: February 2025

This study aims to provide an overview of how rhinoplasty surgeons manage patients with previous nonsurgical rhinoplasty and facial fillers. A multicenter international cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. A survey was distributed to members of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery and associated colleagues, with responses analyzed from surgeons performing over 10 rhinoplasties annually. A total of 171 surgeons from 45 countries participated, with 165 meeting the inclusion criteria. The respondents included ear, nose, and throat (41%), plastic (7%), maxillo-facial (10%), and facial plastic surgeons (23%), averaging 116 rhinoplasties annually and 13 years of experience. Among the surgeons, 74% perform rhinoplasty on patients with prior nasal fillers, typically waiting 21 weeks after filler rhinoplasty before surgery. Additionally, 44% of surgeons remove nasal fillers preoperatively, primarily using hyaluronidase. During surgery, 76% of surgeons remove nasal fillers, and 25% modify their surgical steps for patients with a history of fillers. This study shows that there is no clear consensus in the management of patients with nasal fillers. Surgeons are often unaware of the preoperative existence of nasal and facial fillers, their potential complications, and their management. To address this, guidelines should be established to facilitate the management of the growing number of patients with facial fillers.
Anteverted Concha: Case Series, Proposed Classification, Novel Management Technique, and Literature Review
Authors: Chalwade Chandrashekhar Subhash , Mehta Vidhi M. , R.M Senthil Kumar , Puri Vinita
Published: February 2025

Background An anteverted concha is an uncommon ear anomaly that causes anterior ear deformity and falls under auricular deformation. Treatments vary from conservative to surgical. Limited global case reports may be due to under-recognition, prompting a proposed classification. Patients with an anteverted concha were evaluated in our department and a classification system was formulated.

Materials and Methods This study was conducted in a plastic surgery department at a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 2 years, from January 2021 to December 2022. This study included 22 ears of 16 patients. One patient underwent surgical correction, and two patients underwent molding therapy with excellent outcomes. In addition to reporting these patients' outcomes, we reviewed their cases to propose a classification system. Additionally, an in-depth review of the literature on the reported cases was performed.

Results Molding therapy during the early neonatal period and surgical correction later in life yielded excellent outcomes.

Conclusion An anteverted concha may be underdiagnosed. Correction is typically straightforward and may not necessitate surgery if it is diagnosed early. Surgical correction leads to excellent outcomes in symptomatic anteverted conchae in adulthood.
Ways to Repair Multicompartment Prolapse: Decision-Making and Surgical Approach
Authors: Rahman Sara , Wallace Shannon L. , Spivak Anna R. , Hortian Vanessa A.
Published: February 2025

Multicompartment pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when multiple pelvic organs herniate through the pelvic floor, impacting quality of life and daily function. Concomitant POP and rectal prolapse are common but often underrecognized. A multidisciplinary approach involving urology, urogynecology, and colorectal surgery is essential for comprehensive care and improved outcomes. Concurrent surgeries are increasingly performed, allowing patients to address both conditions in a single operation without heightened complication rates. Treatment for rectal and vaginal prolapse can be achieved through robotic, laparoscopic, open abdominal, or vaginal/perineal approaches. Surgical selection is guided by patient comorbidities, treatment goals, the choice of mesh versus native tissue repair, and the surgeon's experience. This article presents five different approaches to illustrate the nuances of combined surgical approaches, offering insights into optimizing the treatment of multicompartment POP.
Left in Sabarimala: a time-marker in the political history of Kerala
Authors: Mohan Arjun S. , Komath Rajesh
Published: February 2025

The global reputation of the ‘Kerala model’ reflects a progressive dimension of the Indian state. However, discussions also involve its regressive aspects, particularly concerning caste and gender axes. Both progressive reformatory aspirations and regressive conservatism co-existed in Kerala’s public sphere. This wavelength was challenged by the Sabarimala verdict and subsequent conflict in 2018 – the gender question of accessing a male space was converted to a discourse of religious rights to worship. When the government decided to implement the apex court verdict, the Hindu right wing mobilised the emotions for Ayyappa, the perennial deity. Afterwards, the Left-led regime which was enthusiastic about progressive politics began to step back from challenging the Right-wing conservative forces. This argument is informed by a political analysis of various events after the conflict where the Left-led regime and Right-wing conservatives had a standoff. Such a scenario leads Kerala’s public sphere from a state of ‘dialectical unity’ towards a state of ‘missing dialectics’, which can challenge its secular fabric and communalise common sense. This note explicates what a linear narration of Kerala’s political history reveals about its contemporary state of politics.
Electron thermometry for Si MOS inversion layer using proximity nano-transistor and its application to Joule-heating experiment
Authors: Nayem Hossain Md , Hori Masahiro , Nishiguchi Katsuhiko , Ono Yukinori
Published: February 2025

A method for measuring the electron temperature in the inversion layer of Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structures is presented. This technique utilizes a nano-transistor as a thermometer, placed in close proximity to the inversion layer under investigation, enabling measurements of the electron temperature for values above approximately 10 K. When applied to Joule-heating experiments, this method reveals a notable discrepancy between the measurement results and predictions made by the conventional theory based on the deformation-potential coupling with low-energy acoustic phonons. Specifically, the injected-power dependence of the electron temperature is much weaker than expected. The results strongly suggest that another mechanism causing a significant electron energy loss plays a role.
Impact of growth temperature on heterostructure interface steepness in ultraviolet-B AlGaN-based laser diodes
Authors: Saito Takumu , Miyake Rintaro , Yamada Ryoya , Imoto Yoshinori , Maruyama Shundai , Sasaki Yusuke , Karino Shogo , Iwayama Sho , Miyake Hideto , Naniwae Koichi , Kamiyama Satoshi , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Iwaya Motoaki
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the steepness of the heterostructure interface between the p-side optical-waveguide and electron blocking layer (EBL) in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) laser diodes (LDs), focusing on the impact of growth temperature. The results revealed that lowering the growth temperature significantly reduced the thickness of the “unintended compositionally graded layer” a diffusion layer formed at the interface through solid-phase diffusion. However, a bottleneck also existed in LDs with extremely steep interfaces, where the diode characteristics could not be obtained due to the device's high resistance. This study highlights the trade-off between the steepness of the interfaces in the AlGaN heterostructure and diode performance, indicating the need for further optimization to achieve high-performance UV-B LDs. Specifically, future efforts should focus on refining growth conditions to reduce impurity concentrations resulting from low-temperature growth and controlling the thickness of individual layers, such as the EBL, to address high resistance and achieve high-performance UV-B LDs.
Future roles of solid-state quantum dot light sources
Authors: Huang Heming , Alkhazragi Omar , Liang Di , Grillot Frédéric
Published: February 2025

This paper highlights the critical role of solid-state quantum dot (QD) light sources in both classical and quantum applications, with an emphasis on their integration with silicon photonics to advance future optical networks and quantum technologies. Quantum dot lasers, renowned for their low threshold currents, temperature stability, low-noise optical amplification, and enhanced coherence, are highlighted as essential components for scalable quantum systems. These features contribute to improved chip architectures, reduced module sizes, and increased channel density. The paper also explores the synergy between quantum dot lasers and silicon photonics in the generation of frequency combs, optimizing efficiency and scalability in optical networks. Furthermore, it delves into the impact of quantum dot-based single-photon sources, particularly their ability to generate entangled and polarized photons, in driving advancements across quantum technologies.
Vortex breakdown modes in co/counter-swirling non-reacting and reacting flows
Authors: Dolai Atanu , Boggavarapu Prasad , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian , Ravikrishna R. V.
Published: February 2025

The vortex breakdown mechanism in swirling flows is not fully understood yet despite being a classical problem seen in many applications. The complexity increases further when there are concentric swirling streams. In the present study, the vortex breakdown (VB) modes of concentric co- and counter-swirling streams are investigated at various momentum ratios (M) by employing both stereo-particle image velocimetry and two-dimensional particle image velocimetry under both non-reacting and reacting conditions. For co-swirling flows at low M, a bluff-swirl vortex breakdown mode is observed, whereas a bubble vortex breakdown mode is prominent in counter-swirling flows. The VB mode changes when M increases; however, the transition occurs at different M for co- and counter-swirl. At high M, both co- and counter-swirl show signatures of a conical breakdown mode (CVB). Similar VB modes and their transitions are also observed for reacting conditions. The strength and shape of the recirculation zone and the axial and azimuthal vorticities are compared to those in single swirling flows. Notably, the CVB modes in co- and counter-swirling flows share some common aspects with the CVB modes of single-swirling flows. In addition, the underlying physical mechanisms for different breakdown modes are discussed.
Finite-time control of the discrete Sel’kov–Schnakenberg model: Synchronization and simulations
Authors: Al-Taani Hussein , Hammad Ma’mon Abu , Alomari Omar , Bendib Issam , Ouannas Adel
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the finite-time synchronization (FT-sync) of the Selkov–Schnakenberg reaction–diffusion system, utilizing Lyapunov functions and discrete finite-difference methods. Theoretical conditions are derived to achieve synchronization within a finite duration, a concept referred to as (FT-sync), which ensures rapid alignment of system states as opposed to classical asymptotic synchronization. The analysis is supported by numerical simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies in enforcing synchronization under variable initial conditions and system configurations. In addition, the study investigates the impact of system parameters on spatiotemporal dynamics and synchronization patterns. These results hold significant value for practical applications requiring synchronization, such as in chemical reactors and biological systems, while also enriching the theoretical understanding of finite-time dynamics in reaction–diffusion systems.
Effects of selenium on leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics of eggplant
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhao Xiawei , Wang Yan , Ma Xinyu , Li Haolin , Zhao Chengzhang
Published: February 2025

The response of leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics to selenium (Se) application reflects plant adaptation strategies for selenium-enhanced accumulation of photosynthetic products. This study selected eggplant as the research subject and conducted a field experiment to better understand these relationships. This study included three Se treatments, foliar sprays of 0.5 mg L−1 (T1), 1 mg L−1 (T2), and 1.5 mg L−1 (T3), with tap water as the control (CK). The results revealed that T1 and T2 significantly improved leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics compared to CK, while T3 had a negative effect. Regarding the leaf area–leaf thickness (LA–LT) trade-off relationship, the T2 treatment favoured LA, whereas the CK, T1, and T3 treatments favoured LT, with trade-off values of T3 > T1 > CK. Regarding the net photosynthetic rate–transpiration rate (Pn–Tr) trade-off relationship, the CK treatment favoured Tr, whereas the T1, T2, and T3 treatments favoured Pn, with trade-off values of T2 > T1 > T3. In T1 and T2, the eggplant specific leaf area and Pn showed non-significant and highly significant positive correlations, respectively, and in CK and T3 showed non-significant and highly significant negative correlations, respectively. These results indicate that foliar application of Se at appropriate concentrations can increase crop productivity in semi-arid areas.