bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheological Analysis of Ceramics Suspensions with High Solids Loading
Authors: Setz Luiz Fernando Grespan , Koshimizu Laís , de Mello-Castanho Sonia Regina Homem , Morelli Márcio Raymundo
Published: August 2012

The pure oxides (yttria, zirconia, titania, alumina, etc.) pastes ceramics production by concentrate suspensions is interesting because differently than plastic ceramics (clays), where these behaviours are often empirical available, the rheological suspensions behaviour are extensively studied. Thus, controlling the concentrate slips rheological parameters, is possible extend these analysis for better understand and control the plastic pastes production, providing subsidies to obtain after shaping process, such as extrusion and calendering, suitable products for the desired application. Thus, alumina suspensions rheological behaviour, with high solids loading (> 50 vol.%) adequately stabilized, slip cast shaped are available in this work. High solids loading suspensions, up to 60 vol.%, presents adequate flow for thickeners/plasticizers elements adds to produce ceramic plastic pastes.
Forming of Cathodic Ceramic Film Using Airbrush for Application in High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Chiba Rubens , Vargas Reinaldo Azevedo , Andreoli Marco , Seo Emília Satoshi Miyamaru
Published: August 2012

The high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (HTSOFC) can be manufactured in different configurations, which can to detach the planar and tubular. The HTSOFC are composed for four components that are cathode, electrolyte and anode for the formation of the unity cell; and interconnector, that establish connection these unity cells in series and parallel for bigger power generation. Different forming techniques are used for the manufacture of the components that need variable thicknesses for the forming ceramic films in the order of micrometers. In this work, the cathodic ceramic film of strontium-doped lanthanum manganite had been deposited on the electrolyte substrate of yttria-stabilized zirconia using the airbrush. In the forming ceramic film, the powder had been characterized by laser beam scattering granulometry and the suspension characterized by rheometry. The substrate and the ceramic film had been characterized by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The conclusions of this work show that the airbrush allows flexibility in getting ceramic films with varied thicknesses with good adherence and low manufacture cost.
Use of Fine Wastes from Dimension Stone Industry in the Manufacture of Ceramic Tile
Authors: de Almeida Prado Ana Candida , Taguchi Simone Pereira , Neves Mirna Aparecida , Soares Raphael Henrique , da Fonseca Arthur Bazoni
Published: August 2012

Large quantities of rock dust are daily discarded by dimension stone industries. These wastes can be reduced if they are selected according to their composition and used as base in other products. Two kinds of wastes (BS and OI) were mixed at different proportions with kaolinitic clay traditionally used as raw material in ceramic industry. BS has high contents of plagioclase, quartz, microcline and low biotitic; and OI has high quantities of microcline and plagioclase, besides quartz, biotitic, enstatite and edenite. At the same firing temperature, water absorption of samples with 50% BS, or less, didnt show significant differences in relation to samples with pure clay, but firing shrinkage and flexural strength decreased. On the other hand, mixtures with OI content up to 50% showed reduction of water absorption and firing shrinkage, while flexural strength was increased.
Effect of the Sintering Atmosphere on the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium for Application as Biomaterial
Authors: Barbosa Luzinete P. , Souza Elki C. , Salgado Lucio , Costa I.
Published: August 2012

In this work, the effect of sintering atmosphere on the corrosion resistance of sintered titanium has been evaluated in 0.9 % aqueous NaCl solution to simulate physiological environment. Corrosion tests were performed on titanium porous sintered under vacuum and vacuum plus dynamic argon. The results showed better passive properties associated to the titanium sintered under argon plus vacuum atmosphere than to the vacuum sintered titanium. The better corrosion resistance of the argon plus vacuum sintered titanium was attributed to the formation of a thin passive film on the titanium surface during sintering due the low oxygen content present in this atmosphere.
Effects of the Precursor Solution Addition Time in the Solochemical Synthesis of ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Gusatti Marivone , Maduro de Campos Carlos Eduardo , Barroso Gilvan Sérgio , Ribeiro de Souza Daniel Aragão , Milioli Camila Cardoso , Silva Laura Abreu , Riella Humberto Gracher , Kuhnen Nivaldo Cabral
Published: August 2012

The solochemical method was applied to prepare ZnO nanocrystals at low temperature, using sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride as starting materials. In this work, different addition times of the precursor solution were adopted and their effects on the crystalline domains (or crystallite) size and particle morphology of the obtained samples were investigated. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The XRPD results revealed that all samples produced have a single ZnO hexagonal wurtzite phase (space groupP63mc) under anisotropic strain. The parallel to perpendicular crystallite size ratio was about 1.21 for the sample produced with instantaneous addition of the precursor solution and 1.19 for 1 h longer addition time. The anisotropic strains become about 12% smaller for the sample produced with longer addition time. The TEM results of the samples showed ZnO nanometric particles with nearly rounded and rod-like morphologies.
Reformulation of a Kaolinitic Clay Ceramic Body with Sand and Flux Clay for Roofing Tiles Production
Authors: Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Monteiro Sérgio Neves
Published: August 2012

A ceramic body traditionally used to produce bricks and roofing tiles was reformulated by the addition of sand and illitic clay. The objective was to obtain a ceramic product with better technological properties. Specimens were made by uniaxial press-molding at 20 MPa and then fired at temperatures varying from 850 to 1100°C. The determined technological properties were: linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural rupture strength. The results showed that both sand and illitic clay contribute to reduce the water absorption of the industrial clayey body. With respect to the flexural behavior, it was observed that the incorporation of sand decreased the mechanical strength. On the other hand, the illitic, incorporated in an amounts of 30 wt.% contributed to increase the mechanical strength of the clayey ceramic.
Plasticity and Microstructure of Hot Deformed Magnesium Alloy AZ61
Authors: Kuc Dariusz , Hadasik Eugeniusz , Bednarczyk Iwona
Published: August 2012

The article presents the results of tests connected with the influence of strain parameters on the change of flow stress and microstructure of magnesium alloy AZ61 (symbol according to ASTM norms). Test of uniaxial hot compression were conducted in temperature range from 250 to 400°C and the strain speed from 0.01 to 1 s-1. Analysis of plastometric tests and microstructure observation allowed to establish which mechanism - slip or twinning – is dominant in particular conditions of shaping AZ61 alloy. Achieved results were compared with previous results achieved for AZ31 alloy type with lower content of aluminium.
The Influence of Section Thickness on Microstructure of Elektron 21 and QE22 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Stopyra Michał , Jarosz Robert , Kiełbus Andrzej
Published: August 2012

The paper presents analysis of section thickness’ influence on microstructure of Elektron 21 and QE22 magnesium alloys in the form of a stepped casting test. Solid solution grain size and volume fraction of eutectic areas were measured using light microscope and sterological methods. The results showed the significant increase of grain size caused by wall thickness and its slight decrease connected with the distance beetwen analysed section and the gating system. This relationship was confirmed using statistical methods. QE22 alloy demonstrated finer grain structure than Elektron 21 alloy as well as lesser susceptibility of grain size to solidification conditions
The IL-1–Dependent Sterile Inflammatory Response Has a Substantial Caspase-1–Independent Component That Requires Cathepsin C
Authors: Kono Hajime , Orlowski Gregory M. , Patel Zubin , Rock Kenneth L.
Published: August 2012

The sterile inflammatory response to cell death and irritant crystals is medically important because it causes disease. Although these stimuli are structurally distinct, they cause inflammation through a common pathway that requires the cytokine IL-1. In vitro, the inflammasome, and in particular its generation of active caspase-1, is absolutely required to produce bioactive IL-1β. However, in this study, we report that caspase-1 is not required in vivo for much of the IL-1β–dependent sterile inflammatory response. Furthermore, we find that cathepsin C, which controls the activity of a number of leukocyte serine proteases capable of processing IL-1β, plays a major role in this caspase-1–independent pathway. Mice that are deficient in cathepsin C have reduced inflammatory responses to dying cells and silica crystals. In the absence of cathepsin C, caspase-1 becomes rate limiting such that mice doubly deficient in both of these proteases make little IL-1β in vivo and have markedly attenuated inflammatory responses to the sterile stimuli. In contrast, these mutant mice generate normal inflammation in response to exogenous IL-1β, indicating that cathepsin C and caspase-1 function upstream of IL-1β, and, in their absence, all components of the pathway downstream of mature IL-1β are intact.
Opposing Roles for Complement Component C5a in Tumor Progression and the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Gunn Lacey , Ding Chuanlin , Liu Min , Ma Yunfeng , Qi Chunjian , Cai Yihua , Hu Xiaoling , Aggarwal Deep , Zhang Huang-ge , Yan Jun
Published: August 2012

Promoting complement (C) activation may enhance immunological mechanisms of anti-tumor Abs for tumor destruction. However, C activation components, such as C5a, trigger inflammation, which can promote tumor growth. We addressed the role of C5a on tumor growth by transfecting both human carcinoma and murine lymphoma with mouse C5a. In vitro growth kinetics of C5a, control vector, or parental cells revealed no significant differences. Tumor-bearing mice with C5a-transfected xenografted tumor cells had significantly less tumor burden as compared with control vector tumors. NK cells and macrophages infiltrated C5a-expressing tumors with significantly greater frequency, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor, arginase, and TNF-α production were significantly less. Tumor-bearing mice with high C5a-producing syngeneic lymphoma cells had significantly accelerated tumor progression with more Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells in the spleen and overall decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. In contrast, tumor-bearing mice with low C5a-producing lymphoma cells had a significantly reduced tumor burden with increased IFN-γ–producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes. These studies suggest concentration of local C5a within the tumor microenvironment is critical in determining its role in tumor progression.
Vaccine-Induced Effector-Memory CD8+ T Cell Responses Predict Therapeutic Efficacy against Tumors
Authors: van Duikeren Suzanne , Fransen Marieke F. , Redeker Anke , Wieles Brigitte , Platenburg Gerard , Krebber Willem-Jan , Ossendorp Ferry , Melief Cornelis J. M. , Arens Ramon
Published: August 2012

CD8+ T cells have the potential to attack and eradicate cancer cells. The efficacy of therapeutic vaccines against cancer, however, lacks defined immune correlates of tumor eradication after (therapeutic) vaccination based on features of Ag-specific T cell responses. In this study, we examined CD8+ T cell responses elicited by various peptide and TLR agonist-based vaccine formulations in nontumor settings and show that the formation of CD62L−KLRG1+ effector-memory CD8+ T cells producing the effector cytokines IFN-γ and TNF predicts the degree of therapeutic efficacy of these vaccines against established s.c. tumors. Thus, characteristics of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses instill a predictive determinant for the efficacy of vaccines during tumor therapy.
The hypothesis of a continuum in suicidality: a discussion on its validity and practical implications
Authors: Sveticic Jerneja , Leo Diego De
Published: August 2012

The idea of a progression in suicide phenomena, from death wishes to suicide attempts and completed suicides, is quite old and widely present in literature. This model of interpreting suicidality has great relevance in preventative approaches, since it gives the opportunity of intercepting suicidal trajectories at several different stages. However, this may not be the case for many situations, and the hypothesis of a continuum can be true only in a limited number of cases, probably embedded with a specific psychopathological scenario (e.g. depression) and with a frequency that should not permit generalisations. This paper reviews the available evidence about the existence and validity of this construct, and discusses its practical implications.
Experiences of lay counsellors who provide VCT for PMTCT of HIV and AIDS in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province
Authors: Malema R. N. , Malaka D W. , Mothiba T M.
Published: August 2012

Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) still carry a stigma in the community. Many people do not know their status and they are still reluctant to be tested including pregnant women despite the fact that Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is offered for free in South Africa. In South Africa VCT for HIV and AIDS is offered by lay counsellors in public hospitals and clinics. The study conducted by Mate, Bennet, Mphatswe, Barker and Rollins (2009:5483) outlined that in South Africa the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV guidelines have raised hope that the national goal of reducing perinatal HIV transmission rates to less than 5% can be attained. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study was conducted in 15 public clinics of the Polokwane Municipality in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province. The purpose of the study was to determine the experiences of the lay counsellors who provide VCT for the PMTCT of HIV and AIDS in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province. Data were collected through one-to-one interviews using a semi-structured guide (De Vos et al, 2006:296). The findings of the study reflected the following: the content of training and counselling skills received by lay counsellors were satisfactory, there was lack of counsellor support and in-service education. A program for in-service education and support for all lay counsellors who have had VCT training should be conceptualised and implemented.
A situational analysis of child-headed households in South Africa
Authors: Mogotlane S. M. , Chauke M. E. , Van Rensburg G. H. , Human S. P. , Kganakga C. M.
Published: August 2012

The aftermath of the HIV and AIDS pandemic has resulted in great suffering in terms of loss of income, poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality, with children being destitute and orphaned at an alarming rapid rate. Families and communities are currently unable to cope with the effects of HIV and AIDS with special emphasis on the care and support of the affected orphans and vulnerable children, who as a result have been compelled to look after themselves giving rise to a new type of family, the child-headed household. The emergence of this type of family requires government’s response in terms of care and support. The purpose of this study was to provide a broad picture of the location, prevalence, composition, functions, needs and challenges of child-headed households in South Africa, and explore available and required services, resources and safety nets for children in child-headed households. An exploratory and descriptive design was used for the purpose. The sample consisted of children heading households and those living in the households that are headed by children; government departments responsible for child welfare, such as, the Departments of Social Development, Health, Education and Agriculture; non-profit organisations and communities where these households are predominant. From the data collected, it was found that the rights of the affected children were compromised. Those heading the households were often not at school and were responsible for domestic chores. The households needed food, clothes, money, shelter, and education. Government in attempting to address these needs required clear policies which will provide a distinction between orphaned and vulnerable children and child-headed households.The study recommended a collaborative approach as it was shown that there was no single model of best practice to appropriately and effectively address the needs of child-headed households.
The role played by recruitment agencies in the emigration of South African nurses
Authors: Oosthuizen M J , Ehlers V J , Jooste K
Published: August 2012

Active recruitment of foreign nurses might offer solutions to many countries’ nursing shortages.

Opsomming

Die aktiewe werwing van buitelandse verpleegkundiges kan oplossings bied vir baie lande se tekorte aan verpleegkundiges.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The South African traditional belief scale as an instrument to aid culture-congruent health care
Authors: Beuster Johann , Schwär Gerhard
Published: August 2012

Medical and psychological health care professionals are becoming increasingly aware that effective treatment in culturally diverse societies requires sensitivity to the patient’s cultural beliefs and customs (Davidhizar & Giger, 2001:2; Foley & Wurmser, 2004:2; Hickson & Christie, 1989:162; Mkize, 2003:4; Narayanasamy, 2003:1).

Opsomming

Mediese en sielkundige gesondheidsorgberoepslui word toenemend daarvan bewus dat doeltreffende behandeling in kultureel diverse gemeenskappe sensitiwiteit teenoor die pasiënt se kulturele oortuigings en gebruike vereis (Davidhizar & Giger, 2001:2; Foley & Wurmser, 2004:2; Hickson & Christie, 1989:162; Mkize, 2003:4; Narayanasamy,

2003:1).

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
An investigation into the perceived sanitation challenges in the Eastern Cape rural communities
Authors: Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy
Published: August 2012

There is a dearth of information on studies that have sought to examine qualitatively the sanitation challenges that rural communities experience.

Opsomming

Kwalitatiewe navorsing is gedoen om die strukturele, ekonomiese, opvoedkundige, sosiale en tegnologiese uitdagings wat landelike gemeenskappe van die Oos-Kaap met betrekking tot sanitasie in die gesig staar, te ondersoek.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Contraceptive challenges experienced by women who requested termination of pregnancy services in the Mpumalanga Province
Authors: Mbokane A N , Ehlers V J
Published: August 2012

Although contraceptives are available free of charge throughout South Africa, the number of requests for termination of pregnancy (TOP) services continues to increase.

Opsomming

Alhoewel voorbehoedmiddels gratis dwarsdeur Suid-Afrika beskikbaar is, word die aanvraag vir dienste vir die beeïndiging van swangerskap al groter.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Factors influencing adolescent mothers’ non-utilisation of contraceptives in the Mkhondo Area
Authors: Mbambo D E , Ehlers V J , Monareng L V
Published: August 2012

This study investigated factors influencing adolescent mothers’ non-utilisation of contraceptives in the Mkhondo (previously known as the Piet Retief) area.

Opsomming

Hierdie studie het faktore ondersoek wat bydra tot adolessente moeders se versuim om voorbehoedmiddels te gebruik in die Mkhondo-(voorheen bekend as Piet Retief) area.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Adolescents’ experience of a parental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Harris D , Stuart A D
Published: August 2012

This study explores the experiences of four adolescents, each living with a parent who has sustained a traumatic brain injury, against the theoretical backdrop of existential-phenomenological psychology.

Opsomming

Hierdie navorsing verken die belewenisse van vier adolessente wat saam met ‘n ouer wat ‘n traumatiese breinbesering opgedoen het, leef.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The effect of developmentally supportive positioning (DSP) on preterm infants’ stress levels
Authors: Hennessy Angie , Maree Carin , Becker Piet
Published: August 2012

Research has proven that developmentally supportive care (DSC) improves the developmental outcomes for preterm infants.

ABSTRAK

Navorsing het bewys dat ontwikkeling-ondersteunende sorg (OOS) die ontwikkelingsuitkomste van premature babas verbeter.
The youths’ perceptions of sexuality in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Maluleke Thelmah X
Published: August 2012

This study was a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, conducted in the Vhembe District Municipality of the Limpopo Province in four selected villages.

Opsomming

Hierdie studie was ‘n kwalitatiewe, verkennende en beskrywende studie, onderneem in die Vhembe Distrik Munisipaliteit van die Limpopo Provinsie, in vier uitgesoekte dorpies.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Sexual and menstrual practices: risks for cervix cancer
Authors: Maree Johanna E , Wright Susan CD
Published: August 2012

Cervix cancer is the cancer that causes most female deaths in South Africa. Little is known about the sexual and menstrual practices in high-risk communities in South Africa.

Opsomming

Servikskarsinoom is verantwoordelik vir die meeste kankersterftes in vroue in Suid Afrika. Min is bekend aangaande die seksuele- en menstruasiepraktyke in hoë risiko gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Factors determining the vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted HIV: a literature review
Authors: Macleod-Downes Leslie , Albertyn Ruth M , Mayer Pat
Published: August 2012

Gender-related vulnerability is described as a crucial factor contributing to increased susceptibility of women to HIV, accounting for more women than men being infected. At the same time, empowerment interventions are being promoted as effective strategies for increasing the ability of women to adopt protective behaviours. The aim of the review was to identify, collate and categorise the factors determining the gender-related vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted HIV. A review of literature from theoretical and empirical studies using diverse methodologies was undertaken. Reports included those identified through electronic and manual searching. Twenty factors, forming five clusters, were identified as influencing the ability of women to adopt protective behaviours. Each factor was analysed to describe its component parts and the relationship between a factor, gender-related vulnerability, HIV risk level and empowerment status. Further analysis provided a description of markers named predictors and indicators. The literature portrays markers that can be identified and used to describe gender equality status, HIV risk level and related empowerment. This provides the potential to identify factors in gender equality status and HIV risk level to address in programmes designed to empower women in order to lower their risk to sexually transmitted HIV.

Opsomming

Geslagsverwante kwesbaarheid word beskryf as ‘n kritieke faktor wat tot verhoogde vatbaarheid van vroue vir MIV bydra, wat die verhoogde besmetting van vroue teenoor mans verklaar. Terselfdertyd word bemagtigings-intervensies aangemoedig as geskikte strategieë om vroue se vermoë om beskermende gedragspatrone aan te neem, te verhoog. Die doel van hierdie oorsig was om die faktore wat geslagsverwante vatbaarheid van vroue vir seksueel oordraagbare MIV bepaal, te identifiseer, vergelyk en kategoriseer. ‘n Literatuurstudie van teoretiese en empiriese studies wat ‘n verskeidenheid metodologieë gebruik het, is onderneem. Verslae bekom deur elektroniese en handsoektogte is ingesluit. Twintig faktore, wat in vyf groepe verdeel is, is geïdentifiseer as dié wat die vermoë van vroue om beskermende gedragspatrone aan te neem, beïnvloed. Elke faktor is ontleed om die samestellende dele en die verband tussen ‘n faktor, geslagsverwante kwesbaarheid, MIV-risikovlak en bemagtigingstatus te beskryf. Verdere analise het ‘n beskrywing van merkers, genoem voorspellers en aanwysers, opgelewer. Die literatuur beskryf merkers wat geïdentifiseer en gebruik kan word om geslagsgelykheidstatus, MIV-risikostatus en verwante bemagtiging te beskryf. Dit bied die moontlik- heid om faktore in geslagsgelykheidstatus en MIV-risikostatus te identifiseer wat aandag moet geniet in programme wat ontwerp is om vroue te bemagtig om hul risiko van seksueel oordraagbare MIV te verlaag.
Selecting the case study for research in nursing science
Authors: Naude Marita , Muller Marie
Published: August 2012

The case study is an important research method to be utilised in nursing science, reflecting the reality of the phenomenon under study.OpsommingDie gevallestudie is 'n belangrike navorsingsmetode wat in Verpleegkunde gebruik kan word wat die realiteit van die verskynsel wat ondersoek word reflekteer.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Research at Grass Roots: A Primer for the caring professions
Authors: Botes Annatjie
Published: August 2012

The combination of this new research textbook with Johan Mouton's understanding of Social Research is the solution for research in the caring professions of social sciences.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Ananthropologicalnursing Science: nursing accompaniment theory
Authors: Kotze Wilhelmina J
Published: August 2012

The development of the theory "An anthropological nursing science: Nursing accompaniment theory" was strongly influenced by the existential-phenomenological and personological world and life view of Western-European philosophers of the nineteenth and twentieth century, as well as by developments in the fields of philosophical anthropology and fundamental agogics in South Africa during the seventies. OpsommingDie ontwikkeling van die teorie "'n Antropologiese verpleegkundige: Verpleegbegeleidingsteorie" word sterk be'invloed deur die eksistensie-fenomenologiese en personologiese wereld- en lewensbeskouing van Wes-Europese wysgere van die negentiende en twintigste eeu, asook ontwikkelinge in Suid-Afrika gedurende die sewentigs op terreine van die wysgerige antropologie en fundamentele agogie.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Report on visit from Prof. Kim Lutzen: Friday, 6 November 1998, Korolinska Institute (dept of nursing) Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Lutzen Kim
Published: August 2012

Prof. Kim Lutzen contacted the Department of Advanced Nursing Sciences, Unisa, via the Department's Web Page. Prof. Lutzen is the Chair of the Department of Nursing, which offers undergraduate, master and doctoral programmes. This Department of Nursing is situated within the Karolinska Institute, which comprises 29 Departments of Health Sciences, including a number of Medical Departments, Dentistry, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, and Nursing. Prof. Lutzen emphasised that there is no Swedish phrase similar to "nursing science", consequently this t e n seems to be somewhat unfamiliar to the Swedish nurses.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Irritable bowel syndrome: The incidence of concurrent psychopathology
Authors: Wilson Margie H , Stuart Anita D , Pretorius H Gertie
Published: August 2012

The goal of this study was to improve understanding of the association between physiology and psychology in Functional Gastrointestinal disorders by considering the co-morbidity of lrritable Bowel Syndrome and psychopathology in a sector of the South African population. A comparison was made between the incidence of concurrent psychopathology in a sample of 48 white female patients, aged 25 to 55 years and diagnosed with lrritable Bowel Syndrome and the incidence of psychopathology in a control group that consisted of 39 white women, aged 25 to 55 years, who did not meet the criteria for lrritable Bowel Syndrome.The Personality Assessment Inventory was used to determine the incidence of psychopathological personality traits and symptoms in the lrritable Bowel Syndrome group and the control group. This is a selfadministered, objective measuring instrument of adult personality that was developed to provide information about 18 critical clinical variables. The instrument was developed and standardised for use in the clinical assessment of individuals aged 18 years and older. Earlier studies showed a high incidence of associated psychiatric disorder in patients with lrritable Bowel Syndrome. This study confirmed this trend and it seems as if age and level of education has no influence on the incidence of psychopathology in patients with lrritable Bowel Syndrome.OpsommingDit was die doel van die studie om 'n verbeterde begrip van die assosiasie tussen fisiologie en sielkunde in Funksionele Maagderm Versteurings te bewerkstellig deur die komorbiditeit van Prikkelbare Dermsindroom en psigopatalogie binne 'n sektor van die Suid Afrikaanse populasie te oorweeg. 'n Vergelyking is getref tussen die voorkoms van konkurrente psigopatalogie in 'n steekproef van 48 wit, vroulike pasiente wat wissel in ouderdomme van 25 tot 55 jaar en gediagnoseer is met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom, en die voorkoms van psigopatalogie in 'n kontrolegroep wat bestaan het uit 39 wit vrouens wat nie aan Prikkelbare Dermsindroom ly nie en wie se ouderdomme gewissel het van 25 tot 55 jaar. Die "Personality Assessment Inventory" is gebruik om die voorkoms van psigopatalogiese persoonlikheidtrekke en simptome in die Prikkelbare Dermsindroomgroep en die kontrolegroep te bepaal. Hierdie is 'n self-geadministreerde, objektiewe meetinstrument van volwasse persoonlikheid wat ontwerp is om inligting oor 18 kritiese kliniese veranderlikes te verskaf. Die instrument is ontwikkel en gestandaardiseer vir gebruik in die kliniese taksering van individue vanaf die ouderdom van 18 jaar. Vroesre studies het 'n hoe voorkoms van geassosieerde psigiatriese versteuring in pasiente met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom getoon. Die tendens is bevestig in die studie en dit blyk asof ouderdom of opvoedingsvlak nie 'n invloed het op die voorkoms van psigopatalogie in pasiente met Prikkelbare Dermsindroom nie.
Irritable bowel syndrome and psychological stress
Authors: Bayne Barbara S , Stuart Anita D , Pretorius H Gertie
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was twofold. The first aim was to clarify the relationship between psychological stress and lrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) by establishing whether individuals suffering from IBS experience minor stress differently from healthy individuals in terms of its frequency or intensity. The second aim was more general and concerns theory building in a field filled with ambiguity and confusion. Two groups, one comprising IBS sufferers and the other healthy controls, completed the Daily Stress lnventory and the Occupational Stress lnventory - questionnaires designed to measure minor daily and occupational stress respectively. The findings indicate that IBS sufferers do not experience more stress than healthy individuals, but they experience the stressors with greater intensity.OpsommingDie doel van die studie was tweeledig. Eerstens is daar gepoog om duidelikheid te kry oor die verband tussen sielkundige stres en Prikkelbare Dermsindroom (PDS), deur te bepaal of individue wat aan PDS ly geringe stres anders ervaar as gesonde individue in terme van gereeldheid of intensiteit. Die tweede doelwit was meer algemeen en spreek die kwessie van teorie ontwikkeling aan in 'n veld gevul met dubbelsinningheid en verwarring. Twee groepe, een bestaande uit PDS lyers en die ander 'n gesonde kontrolegroep, het die "Daily Stress Inventory'' en die "Occupational Stress Inventory" voltooi. Die vraelyste is ontwerp om onderskeidelik daaglikse stres en werkstres te meet. Die resultate dui daarop dat PDS lyers nie meer stres ervaar as die gesonde individue nie, maar dat hulle wel die stressors ervaar met groter intensiteit.
Culture and mental health - A Southern African view
Authors: Swartz Leslie
Published: August 2012

This is a long awaited text within the field of mental health in South Africa, as there is very little written about culture and mental health within the specific context of South Africa. This book is very useful for students in any field of mental health like psychology, nursing, social work and medicine.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Leadership: a tool for Organisational Empowerment in Nursing Education
Authors: Van Niekerk Susan E
Published: August 2012

Empowerment is the key ingredient in achieving the mission, vision and strategic direction of a nursing school.OpsommingBemagtiging is die belangrikste faktor in die bereiking van die verpleegskool se missie, visie en strategiese bestemming.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Kennis en Houdings van verpleegkundiges aangaande die voedingsprobleme van babas met gesplete lip en verhemelte
Authors: Louw Brenda , Botha Hannelie
Published: August 2012

Feeding problems of infants with cleft lip and palate are one of the first challenges posed to nursing personnel in the care of infants.OpsommingVoedingsprobleme van babas met gesplete lip en verhemelte is een van die eerste uitdagings vir verpleegkundiges betrokke by die versorging van hierdie babas.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Factors influencing women's health in developing African countries
Authors: Ehlers Valerie Janet
Published: August 2012

In Sub-Sahara Africa, women perform 80 of the agricultural labour.OpsommingIn Sub-Sahara Afrika verrig vrouens 80 van die landbou arbeid.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Riglyne vir die kliniese begeleiding van studentverpleegkundiges deur die kliniese begeleidspan
Authors: Du Plessis Engela , Greeff Minrie
Published: August 2012

In a previous article titled: “Die belewenis van die kliniese begeleidingspan van hul betrokkenheid by die kliniese begeleiding van studentverpleegkundiges” an overview was given of the problem statement, objectives, research design, research methodology, results and recommendations of this research. It was found that the involvement of the members of the clinical accompaniment team varied, with a disturbance in the partnership relationship, so that clinical accompaniment did not come fully into its own.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The pain experience and its management in cancer patients during hospitalisation (in Namibia)
Authors: Van Dyk A SB , Small L F , Zietsman A
Published: August 2012

There is a lack of information on the management of pain in cancer patients in Namibia. For this reason a survey was done to determine the pain experience of cancer patients during hospitalisation and their evaluation of the treatment thereof by nursesOpsommingWeens ‘n gebrek aan inligting oor die hantering van pyn by pasiente met kanker, is 'n opname gedoen na die pyn belewenis van pasiente met karsinoom tydens hospitalisasie.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
An investigation into the practices of traditional and faith healers in an urban setting in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl
Published: August 2012

There is a lack of knowledge on traditional and faith healer‘s fees, practice and attitudes towards working within the government health sector.OpsommingDaar is gebrekkige kennis oor die fooie van tradisionele en geloofsgenesers en die praktyke en houdings ten opsigte van hulle werk in die gesondheidsdepartement van die staat.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Concepts and treatment modalities for hypertension by traditional and faith healers in the Northern Province, South Africa
Authors: Peltzer K , Khoza L B , Lekhuleni M E , Madu S N , Cherian V I , Cherian L
Published: August 2012

Clinical experiences and some research findings indicate that traditional and faith healers play a role in the management of hypertension in Africa.OpsommingKliniese ondervindings en sommige navorsingsbevindinge dui daarop dat tradisionele en geloofsgenesers ‘n rol speel in die hantering van hipertensie in Afrika.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Die terapeutiese gebruik van die scenotoets met verwysing na selektiewe mutisme
Authors: Nieuwoudt Adre , Wagner Claire , Roos Vera
Published: August 2012

There is a paucity of applied research and available literature about selective mutism. Opsomming Daar is min toegepaste navorsing en beskikbare literatuur oor selektiewe mutisme.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The victim's experience of hijacking: an exploratory study
Authors: Macgregor J , Schoeman WJ , Stuart AD
Published: August 2012

This paper summarises a phenomenological study that was designed to explore the victim's lived experience of

undergoing a motor vehicle hijacking. OpsommingHierdie artikel verskaf 'n oorsig oor 'n fenomenologiese studio wat ontwerp is om die slagofferse geleefde ervaring van 'n motorkaping te ondersoek.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT IN PROMOTING A MOTIVATIONAL WORK SETTING FOR NURSES
Authors: Jooste Karien , Kilpert Oscar
Published: August 2012

The use of motivation and reward strategies is necessary for empowerment of staff members in their work situation. For motivation to occur in a health service, strategies should focus on self-motivation, expansion and enrichment of tasks, acknowledgement of work performances of nurses, rewards for outstanding service and constructive feedback by managers to nurses. A descriptive, explorative study was done to investigate the current motivational strategies used in health services management settings. A sample of 112 nurses completed a questionnaire that provided information relating to the employer/health service (organisational culture, personal values and expectations), the direct supervisor of a staff member (working relationships, interpersonal skills of the supervisor) and self-concept. Important strategies that should be employed by managers in the establishment of a motivational environment for staff are integrated into a conceptual framework.
Editorial Comments/ Redaksionele Kommentaar
Authors: Ehlers Valerie
Published: August 2012

The future of any country resides in its youth. South Africa’s young people, aged 15 to 24, are particularly important for its immediate future.

Opsomming

Enige land se toekoms lê in sy jeug. Suid-Afrika se jeug, tussen die ouderdomme van 15 en 24 jaar, is van besondere belang vir die land se onmiddellike toekoms.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
Primary care as a means of decreasing health care costs
Authors: Van Deventer Martie M , Hattingh Susan P , Bezuidenhout Marthie C
Published: August 2012

The study was focussed at furthering the health objectives of the Government’s Reconstruction and Development Programme in the area of primary care.

Opsomming

Die studie was gemik op die bevordering van die gesondheidsdoelwitte van die regering se Herkonstruksie enOntwikkelingsprogram (“Reconstruction and Development Programme”) op die gebied van primêre sorg.

*Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.
The importance of life and faith histories in the methodology of Practical Theology
Authors: Bons-Storm Riet
Published: August 2012

The basic questions of Practical Theology concern the development of a community of faith built on, and building the faithful lives of its members in their particular contexts. This article is an exploration of the biographical method – as a means of qualitative empirical research – to obtain data concerning the possibilities of people in their everyday life of coming to an understanding of their particular situation in the light of their understanding of the Christian tradition. This understanding, individual faith develops in conjunction with the particular theological context in which a person lives her/his life. The author chooses to listen to the life and faith histories of people as a feminist. This means that the role gender plays in life and faith, is taken seriously.
Die herkoms, intensie en metode van die “nuwe” Politieke Teologie van Johann Baptist Metz
Authors: Hofmeyr Murray
Published: August 2012

The genesis, intention and method of the “new” Political Theology of Johann Baptist MetzThis article describes J B Metz’s “transcendental phase”, when he worked on reformulating scholastic theology within the concepts of twentieth century anthropology. The major categories of Metz’s early thought are described in anticipation of the turn away from anthropology to the philosophy of history. The division of theological history into periods with the help of the categories anthropocentrism, theocentrism and cosmocentrism, and the distinction between conceptual framework and conceptual content, allow Metz to argue for the legitimacy of the modern era from a Christian (and specifically Catholic) point of view.
Semiotic behaviour in Luke and John
Authors: Rohrbaugh Richard L
Published: August 2012

As socio-linguists have demonstrated, communication is a behavior that follows socially generated and commonly understood rules for how messages are to be produced and received. Moreover, this semiotic process constitutes a complex and pervasive mechanism of social control – even if it is not often recognized as such. It is thus possible to ask how meaning is actually created and acknowledged in a given society. Who determines the rules? How are rules maintained, modified or subverted? Such questions focus our attention on who is producing and receiving what types of meaning and whose interests are being served by the way the process itself is constructed. As a case in point, we shall compare the semiotic process in the Lukan and Johannine presentations of Jesus in order to ask what these processes imply for social relations in the communities that produced them.
Between family and temple: Jesus and sacrifices
Authors: Destro Adriana , Pesce Mauro
Published: August 2012

Sacrifice generally aims at obtaining from and by supernatural force the right to exercise control over life. As far as Jewish sacrifices are concerned, according to Leviticus, victims’ blood serves to purify the holy places of the temple and no sacrifices can expiate voluntary sins. In Mt  6:12 God’s forgiveness is obtained through a trilateral relationship between the sinner, the “debtor”, and  God, without any expiatory sacrificial act being required. Jesus did not, however, reject the  sacrificial rituals of the temple, those rituals that did not serve to expiate voluntary sins. In Jesus’ proposal, the forgiveness by one individual of another implies a social conception, which includes the absence of debt,  reconciliation, justice and equality. Jesus transforms and relocates two aspects of the religion of the Second  Temple. In his conception, the forgiveness of sins and  a new beginning of people’s lives brought about by the Jubilee can happen anywhere (not only in the temple)  and at any time (not only once a year for Yom ha-kippurim).
The dietary regulations in Deuteronomy 14 within its literary context
Authors: Venter P.M.
Published: August 2012

A  structural analysis of Deuteronomy 14:1-21 indicates a  well planned composition. A comparison with the same set of dietary regulations in Leviticus 11:2-20 indicates a process of literary growth in the Deuteronomy composition. An original list of land animals was extended into a literary unit on dietary regulations. A technique of  inclusio was used in different literary layers to form thisunit and to include it in the Deuteronomic Code and eventually in the Pentateuch. Different theories on Pentateuchal growth are considered so as to understand the ethical meaning of these dietary regulations within this larger literary framework.
Geloofskommunikasie in ’n pluriforme wêreld
Authors: Dreyer Yolanda , Venter P.M. , Dreyer T.F.J.
Published: August 2012

Communicating faith in a pluriform worldThe pluriformity of the postmodern world presents the church with challenges on different levels. The theological discourse can be based on the pluriformity inherent to biblical material, as well as on the dynamic dialectic of the great variety of theologies in the Bible. The principle of symmetrical communication serves as an example of how pastoral care to a postmodern society can be approached. By making use of narrative communication, pastors facilitate genuine intersubjectivity. Preachers adhere to the principle of symmetrical communication when their sermons are characterized by an authentic spirituality and spiritual growth.
Die letterlike vertolking van metaforiese taal in Josua 10:12-14
Authors: Breytenbach A.P.B.
Published: August 2012

The literal understanding of metaphoric language in Joshua 10:12-14In this article the well-known passage in Joshua 10:12-14 is critically investigated within the context of the pericope of Joshua 10. A literary critical investigation shows, inter alia, that the oldest version of the pericope probably was a heroic saga of Joshua’s campaign, with the miraculous intervention of YHWH having been “written into” the narrative at a later stage. During the latter process a poetic fragment, the original of which is lost to us, was interpreted literally, thus creating a miracle account. This miracle account serves the main focus of the pericope: YHWH alone makes possible the impossible for his people.
Missionêre diakonaat: ’n Uitdaging vir die kerk
Authors: Schutte P.J.W.
Published: August 2012

Missionary diakonia: A challenge to the churchThis article seeks to show the importance of diakonia as a ministry of the church, not only as a service in the church, but also as a service to the community in which Christians and the church live. To establish diakonia in that sense, also as a missionary activity, some paradigm shifts would be necessary. This article prepares the ground for the initial steps in that direction.