bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nipples, memes, and algorithmic failure: NSFW critique of Tumblr censorship
Authors: Pilipets Elena , Paasonen Susanna
Published: December 2020

In November 2018, after being suspended from Apple’s App Store for hosting child pornography, Tumblr announced its decision to ban all NSFW (not safe/suitable for work) content with the aid of machine-learning classification. The decision to opt for strict terms of use governing nudity and sexual depiction was as fast as it was drastic, leading to the quick erasure of subcultural networks developed over a decade. This article maps out platform critiques of and on Tumblr through a combination of visual and digital methods. By analyzing 7306 posts made between November 2018 (when Tumblr announced its new content policy) and August 2019 (when Verizon sold Tumblr to Automattic), we explore the key stakes and forms of user resistance to Tumblr “porn ban” and the affective capacities of user-generated content to mobilize engagement.
Spatial survival modelling of business re-opening after Katrina: Survival modelling compared to spatial probit modelling of re-opening within 3, 6 or 12 months
Authors: Bivand Roger S , Gómez-Rubio Virgilio
Published: December 2020

Zhou and Hanson; Zhou and Hanson; Zhou and Hanson ( 2015 , Nonparametric Bayesian Inference in Biostatistics, pages 215–46. Cham: Springer; 2018, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 113, 571–81; 2020, spBayesSurv: Bayesian Modeling and Analysis of Spatially Correlated Survival Data. R package version 1.1.4) and Zhou et al. (2020, Journal of Statistical Software, Articles, 92, 1–33) present methods for estimating spatial survival models using areal data. This article applies their methods to a dataset recording New Orleans business decisions to re-open after Hurricane Katrina; the data were included in LeSage et al. (2011b , Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 174, 1007—27). In two articles ( LeSage etal., 2011a , Significance, 8, 160—63; 2011b, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 174, 1007—27), spatial probit models are used to model spatial dependence in this dataset, with decisions to re-open aggregated to the first 90, 180 and 360 days. We re-cast the problem as one of examining the time-to-event records in the data, right-censored as observations ceased before 175 businesses had re-opened; we omit businesses already re-opened when observations began on Day 41. We are interested in checking whether the conclusions about the covariates using aspatial and spatial probit models are modified when applying survival and spatial survival models estimated using MCMC and INLA. In general, we find that the same covariates are associated with re-opening decisions in both modelling approaches. We do however find that data collected from three streets differ substantially, and that the streets are probably better handled separately or that the street effect should be included explicitly.
A new acoustic emission damage localization method using synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms picker and time-order method
Authors: Wang Jingkai , Huo Linsheng , Liu Chunguang , Song Gangbing
Published: December 2020

Acoustic emission technique, as a passive structural health monitoring technique, has been widely applied to detecting and locating the structural damage. The time difference of arrival and the wave velocity are the key factors in most of the acoustic emission localization methods, and the accuracy of these two factors will affect the accuracy of damage localization. To improve the accuracy of damage localization, this article proposes a new damage localization method based on the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform picker and the time-order method. The synchrosqueezed wavelet transform picker, which picks the time–frequency similar point based on time–frequency similarity theory in the low-noise interval of time–frequency matrix, can improve the accuracy and robustness of calculating time difference of arrival. Meanwhile, the time-order method not only measures the wave velocity in real time but also reduces the computing time by appropriately arranging the distribution of acoustic emission sensors. These advantages improve the accuracy and robustness of acoustic emission localization, which was verified by experiments. Furthermore, the new localization method was employed to study the energy distribution in the embedded section of steel bar during the pull-out test of steel bar and concrete, and the results show the types of resistance between steel bar and concrete.
A Modified Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence With Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Study
Authors: Newlands Rory T. , Benuto Lorraine T.
Published: December 2020

Women with intellectual disabilities are at a greater risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. While there is a dearth of research dedicated to the treatment of this population experts recommend behavioral based treatments. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman with low cognitive functioning who presented for treatment for depression and PTSD in relation to IPV victimization. An adapted version of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) informed treatment for victims of IPV was used to successfully treat the client. Several factors were considered in the development and delivery of the treatment, relevant to the client’s cognitive deficits and clinical complexity. This study suggests that (1) a modified DBT informed treatment can be successfully implemented with this population; (2) providing individual treatment with additional time to review skills is beneficial; (3) handouts and homework should be modified to increase understanding and retention; and (4) issues of self-esteem and validation should be addressed every session.
A Journal of the Plague Year: An Archive of COVID-19 as a Community of Practice
Authors: Craft Erin
Published: December 2020

With the onset of COVID-19 in the Spring of 2020, my graduate school experience changed abruptly. That disruption, however, led to my involvement in the creation and implementation of the digital archive A Journal of the Plague Year: An Archive of COVID-19 (JOTPY). In this article, I describe the creation of both the archive and the community of practice that developed, and how that community of practice upended traditional models found within higher education. I also describe the processes that created a space within the archive for educators to use, both as a repository and teaching tool. These processes could then be replicated to serve other needs, such as creating a space for museums, creating exhibits or creating a page within JOTPY to highlight a group. By framing the work of A Journal of the Plague Year as a community of practice, I show how the community worked toward shared goals while learning from each other along the way to create a rapid-response, online digital collection during a worldwide pandemic.
Lessons Learned from the Medical University of South Carolina Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine and Minority Men’s Health
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes , Allen Caitlin G. , Jefferson Melanie , Magwood Gayenell S. , Melvin Cathy , Babatunde Oluwole Adeyami , Baquet Claudia , Delmoor Ernestine , Johnson Jerry , Mathews Diane , Leach Robin J. , Ricks-Santi Luisel
Published: December 2020

The Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine for Minority Men’s Health was established at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) in 2015 to address disparities in the translation of precision medicine approaches among racial minority groups. This regional consortium focuses on three primary areas: (1) the development of a consortium of regional and national partners, (2) conducting transdisciplinary research examining synergistic effects of biological, social, physiological, and clinical determinants of chronic disease risks and outcomes, and (3) dissemination and implementation of precision medicine approaches, with an emphasis on reducing disparities in health care and outcomes among minority men. Given consistent calls to better translate precision medicine approaches and the focus of this consortium on addressing disparities among minority men, we provide an overview of our experience in developing the MUSC TCC, including barriers and facilitators to conducting translational research on minority men’s health issues in the context of precision medicine. Lessons learned and areas for improvement include providing enough time to create consistent partnerships and community engagement to improve recruitment and retention, identifying unique ways to engage diverse partners from across the region and nation, and better approaches to dissemination and communication for large partnerships focusing on precision medicine.
Optimized stable gait planning of biped robot using multi-objective evolutionary JAYA algorithm
Authors: Tran Thien Huan , Van Kien Cao , Anh Ho Pham Huy
Published: December 2020

This article proposes a new stable biped walking pattern generator with preset step-length value, optimized by multi-objective JAYA algorithm. The biped robot is modeled as a kinetic chain of 11 links connected by 10 joints. The inverse kinematics of the biped is applied to derive the specified biped hip and feet positions. The two objectives related to the biped walking stability and the biped to follow the preset step-length magnitude have been fully investigated and Pareto optimal front of solutions has been acquired. To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of proposed multi-objective JAYA, the results are compared to those of MO-PSO and MO-NSGA-2 optimization approaches. The simulation and experiment results investigated over the real small-scaled biped HUBOT-4 assert that the multi-objective JAYA technique ensures an outperforming effective and stable gait planning and walking for biped with accurate preset step-length value.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri
Authors: Yang Peng-fei , Lu Hui , Wang Qiong-bo , Zhao Zhi-wei , Liu Qiang , Zhao Xu , Yang Jing , Huang Shen , Chen Zhi-fei , Mao Duo-bin
Published: December 2020

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.
Myoelectric untethered robotic glove enhances hand function and performance on daily living tasks after stroke
Authors: Yurkewich Aaron , Kozak Illya J , Ivanovic Andrei , Rossos Daniel , Wang Rosalie H , Hebert Debbie , Mihailidis Alex
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Wearable robots controlled using electromyography could motivate greater use of the affected upper extremity after stroke and enable bimanual activities of daily living to be completed independently.

Methods

We have developed a myoelectric untethered robotic glove (My-HERO) that provides five-finger extension and grip assistance.

Results

The myoelectric controller detected the grip and release intents of the 9 participants after stroke with 84.7% accuracy. While using My-HERO, all 9 participants performed better on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Hand (8.4 point increase, scale out of 14, p < 0.01) and the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (8.2 point increase, scale out of 91, p < 0.01). Established criteria for clinically meaningful important differences were surpassed for both the hand function and daily living task assessments. The majority of participants provided satisfaction and usability questionnaire scores above 70%. Seven participants desired to use My-HERO in the clinic and at home during their therapy and daily routines.

Conclusions

People with hand impairment after stroke value that myoelectric untethered robotic gloves enhance their motion and bimanual task performance and motivate them to use their muscles during engaging activities of daily living. They desire to use these gloves daily to enable greater independence and investigate the effects on neuromuscular recovery.
Social Media and Trust in Scientific Expertise: Debating the Covid-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands
Authors: van Dijck José , Alinejad Donya
Published: December 2020

This article examines the role of social media dynamics in the public exchange of information between scientists (experts), government (policy-makers), mass media (journalists), and citizens (nonexperts) during the first 4 months after the Covid-19 outbreak in the Netherlands. Over the past decade, the institutional model of science communication, based on linear vectors of information flows between institutions, has gradually converted into a networked model where social media propel information flows circulating between all actors involved. The question driving our research is, “How are social media deployed to both undermine and enhance public trust in scientific expertise during a health crisis?” Analyzing the public debate during the period of the corona outbreak in the Netherlands, we investigate two stages: the emergency response phase and the “smart exit strategy” phase, discussing how scientific experts, policy-makers, journalists, and citizens appropriate social media logic to steer information and to control the debate. We conclude by outlining the potential risks and benefits of adopting social media dynamics in institutional contexts of science communication.
Unpacking the Processes of Materials Use: An Interdisciplinary Perspective of Language Teachers’ Use of Materials in China
Authors: Li Zhan , Xu Yueting
Published: December 2020

In light of the growing agreement on the critical impact that materials can have on teaching and learning, classroom-based research on materials use in natural educational contexts has become increasingly urgent. This study aims to explore language teachers’ use of instructional materials in classroom settings. Drawing on the analysis of materials, interviews, and lesson observations from cases of three Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers and their six students, this study identified six interactive processes of materials use, based on which teachers’ pedagogical reasoning that enabled each process of materials use was unpacked. Through the theoretical lens of Keller and Keller’s anthropology of knowledge and Wartofsky’s categorization of artifacts, this article unraveled the relationship between teacher knowledge and practice in materials use and disentangled the multilayered roles of curriculum materials. The findings not only contribute to the conceptualization of materials use in language education but also suggest effective ways of enhancing the inservice professional development through materials use and development in natural educational contexts.
Determinants of Households Vulnerability to Food Insecurity: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Eshetu Fassil , Guye Adem
Published: December 2020

This study examines the level and determinants of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity using feasible generalised least square method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from a random sample of 574 households. Descriptive results indicated that the incidence, depth and severity of food insecurity were 68, 31 and 18 per cent, respectively, while mean vulnerability to food insecurity was 73.34 per cent. The mean level of vulnerability to food insecurity at Chencha (humid), Demba Gofa (semi-arid) and Kamba (arid) districts were 77, 55 and 84 per cent, respectively. In addition, the mean kilocalorie deficiency gap in the study areas was 682 Kcal per adult equivalent per day, while the mean kilocalorie deficiency gaps which would be needed to lift households out of food insecurity were 462, 440 and 506 Kcal per adult equivalent per day at Chencha (humid), Demba Gofa (semi-arid) and Kamba (arid) districts, respectively. Regression results revealed that the age of household head, family size, safety net programmes, distance from healthcare and death of household members significantly increase households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. But farm income, irrigation use and credit use significantly decrease households’ vulnerability to food insecurity. The government needs to provide credit, viable off-farm employment, small-scale irrigation services and road infrastructure to rural poor to reduce vulnerability to food insecurity. Population control and family planning would also increase resource and consumption per capita and will lead to lower vulnerability.
Hand and Wrist Injuries Among Collegiate Athletes: The Role of Sex and Competition on Injury Rates and Severity
Authors: Simpson Andrew M. , Donato Daniel P. , Veith Jacob , Magno-Padron David , Agarwal Jayant P.
Published: December 2020

Background:

There is a high incidence of hand and wrist injuries in athletes participating in collegiate sports, but there is little information published characterizing them.

Purpose:

To characterize hand and wrist injuries in collegiate athletes using a large national database.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional analysis was designed using data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program database to identify hand and wrist injuries (exclusive of any radial or ulnar fractures) in male and female collegiate athletes participating in NCAA Division I, II, and III sports from 2004 to 2015. Descriptive analyses were performed on stratified data to examine the associations between these injuries and sport, event type, and sex.

Results:

Men’s ice hockey (8.25 per 10,000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) and women's ice hockey (8.21 per 10,000 AEs) had the highest rate of hand and wrist injuries in all exposures. In every sport except women’s gymnastics ( P = .107), injuries were more commonly sustained during competition rather than during practice. Ligamentous injury to the phalynx was the most commonly sustained injury overall (1.416 per 10,000 AEs), and a metacarpal fracture was the most commonly sustained hand or wrist fracture (0.507 per 10,000 AEs). Injuries sustained during men’s wrestling (14.08 days) and women’s gymnastics (10.39 days) incurred the most time lost from sport. Surgery for hand and wrist injuries was most commonly required for men’s football (0.413 per 10,000 AEs) and women’s field hockey (0.404 per 10,000 AEs).

Conclusion:

Hand and wrist injuries were common among collegiate athletes. Male athletes experienced injuries with more frequency and severity. Injuries occurred more commonly during competition. While the majority of injuries were minor and did not require surgery, certain sports conferred a much higher risk of significant injuries requiring a surgical intervention.
Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction With a BTB Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: DeFazio Matthew W. , Curry Emily J. , Gustin Michael J. , Sing David C. , Abdul-Rassoul Hussein , Ma Richard , Fu Freddie , Li Xinning
Published: December 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are debilitating injuries frequently suffered by athletes. ACL reconstruction is indicated to restore knee stability and allow patients to return to prior levels of athletic performance. While existing literature suggests that patient-reported outcomes are similar between bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) and hamstring tendon (HT) autografts, there is less information comparing return-to-sport (RTS) rates between the 2 graft types.

Purpose:

To compare RTS rates among athletes undergoing primary ACL reconstruction using a BTB versus HT autograft.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched, and studies that reported on RTS after primary ACL reconstruction using a BTB or HT autograft were included. Studies that utilized ACL repair techniques, quadriceps tendon autografts, graft augmentation, double-bundle autografts, allografts, or revision ACL reconstruction were excluded. RTS information was extracted and analyzed from all included studies.

Results:

Included in the review were 20 articles investigating a total of 2348 athletes. The overall RTS rate in our cohort was 73.2%, with 48.9% returning to preinjury levels of performance and a rerupture rate of 2.4%. The overall RTS rate in patients after primary ACL reconstruction with a BTB autograft was 81.0%, with 50.0% of athletes returning to preinjury levels of performance and a rerupture rate of 2.2%. Patients after primary ACL reconstruction with an HT autograft had an overall RTS rate of 70.6%, with 48.5% of athletes returning to preinjury levels of performance and a rerupture rate of 2.5%.

Conclusion:

ACL reconstruction using BTB autografts demonstrated higher overall RTS rates when compared with HT autografts. However, BTB and HT autografts had similar rates of return to preinjury levels of performance and rerupture rates. Less than half of the athletes were able to return to preinjury sport levels after ACL reconstruction with either an HT or BTB autograft.
Pedagogical Practices Shaping Professional Identity in Public Health Programs
Authors: Kratzke Cindy , Cox Carol
Published: December 2020

University academic preparation plays a critical role in guiding undergraduate public health students shape their professional identity (PI) and demonstrate professionalism in their transition to work environments. PI is an understanding of profession-related connections, characteristics, roles, values, standards, and culture continuing over time. Despite evidence supporting PI learning across medicine, nursing, or pharmacy, little is known about public health pedagogic and curricular approaches as important concepts to support PI learning. There is a need for an innovative curriculum redesign to include planning PI experiences, teaching professionalism across courses, and supporting students as they become early career professionals. By acquiring new knowledge and applying those skills during the undergraduate public health courses, students develop a commitment to and pride in their chosen profession. This article gives an overview of PI, provides a PI conceptual framework, and offers 10 suggestions on how to advance PI effectively in the redesigned public health curriculum.
The Use of Twitter as an Interactive Learning Tool Within a Postgraduate Public Health Course: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ronto Rimante , Bhatti Alexandra , Chau Josephine
Published: December 2020

Twitter has gained attention in recent years as a tool to use in higher education to enhance students’ learning, engagement, and reflective writing. This study explored public health students’ perceptions on the usefulness of Twitter as a learning tool, engagement with their peers, staff, and the broader public health community. Participants were Master of Public Health students from a public university based in Sydney, Australia. A mixed methods approach was used combining content analysis of tweets, an online survey and two focus groups. Students were asked to engage with Twitter by reflecting on each week’s teaching content and by liking and replying to their peers’ tweets. Participation and engagement in this task were high initially and declined toward the end of semester. Most student tweets aligned with topics taught during the semester. Survey and focus group data indicated most students had positive views on using Twitter and reported finding engagement with Twitter beneficial in obtaining current information on health promotion news and trends, increasing their professional networks and allowing them to connect with their peers and teaching staff. Results indicate Twitter is a promising interactive approach to enhance public health students’ engagement and overall learning experience, as well as being useful for professional networking. Larger scale empirical studies are needed to investigate the impact of the use of social media platforms such as Twitter to various learning outcomes longitudinally and beyond this course.
Lung megakaryocytes display distinct transcriptional and phenotypic properties
Authors: Yeung Anthony K. , Villacorta-Martin Carlos , Hon Stephanie , Rock Jason R. , Murphy George J.
Published: December 2020

Megakaryocytes (MKs) are responsible for platelet biogenesis, which is believed to occur canonically in adult bone marrow (BM) and in the fetal liver during development. However, emerging evidence highlights the lung as a previously underappreciated residence for MKs that may contribute significantly to circulating platelet mass. Although a diversity of cells specific to the BM is known to promote the maturation and trafficking of MKs, little investigation into the impact of the lung niche on the development and function of MKs has been done. Here, we describe the application of single-cell RNA sequencing, coupled with histological, ploidy, and flow cytometric analyses, to profile primary MKs derived from syngeneic mouse lung and hematopoietic tissues. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated that lung MKs have a unique signature distinct from their hematopoietic counterparts, with lung MKs displaying enrichment for maturation markers, potentially indicating a propensity for more efficient platelet production. Reciprocally, fetal lung MKs also showed the robust expression of cytokines and growth factors that are known to promote lung development. Lastly, lung MKs possess an enrichment profile skewed toward roles in immunity and inflammation. These findings highlight the existence of a lung-specific MK phenotype and support the notion that the lung plays an independent role in the development and functional maturation of MKs. The immune phenotype displayed by lung MKs also introduces their potential role in microbial surveillance and antigen presentation.
Outlier concepts auditing methodology for a large family of biomedical ontologies
Authors: Zheng Ling , Min Hua , Chen Yan , Keloth Vipina , Geller James , Perl Yehoshua , Hripcsak George
Published: December 2020

Background

Summarization networks are compact summaries of ontologies. The “Big Picture” view offered by summarization networks enables to identify sets of concepts that are more likely to have errors than control concepts. For ontologies that have outgoing lateral relationships, we have developed the "partial-area taxonomy" summarization network. Prior research has identified one kind of outlier concepts, concepts of small partials-areas within partial-area taxonomies. Previously we have shown that the small partial-area technique works successfully for four ontologies (or their hierarchies).

Methods

To improve the Quality Assurance (QA) scalability, a family-based QA framework, where one QA technique is potentially applicable to a whole family of ontologies with similar structural features, was developed. The 373 ontologies hosted at the NCBO BioPortal in 2015 were classified into a collection of families based on structural features. A meta-ontology represents this family collection, including one family of ontologies having outgoing lateral relationships. The process of updating the current meta-ontology is described. To conclude that one QA technique is applicable for at least half of the members for a family F, this technique should be demonstrated as successful for six out of six ontologies in F. We describe a hypothesis setting the condition required for a technique to be successful for a given ontology. The process of a study to demonstrate such success is described. This paper intends to prove the scalability of the small partial-area technique.

Results

We first updated the meta-ontology classifying 566 BioPortal ontologies. There were 371 ontologies in the family with outgoing lateral relationships. We demonstrated the success of the small partial-area technique for two ontology hierarchies which belong to this family, SNOMED CT’s Specimen hierarchy and NCIt’s Gene hierarchy. Together with the four previous ontologies from the same family, we fulfilled the “six out of six” condition required to show the scalability for the whole family.

Conclusions

We have shown that the small partial-area technique can be potentially successful for the family of ontologies with outgoing lateral relationships in BioPortal, thus improve the scalability of this QA technique.
Lab indicators standardization method for the regional healthcare platform: a case study on heart failure
Authors: Liang Ming , Zhang ZhiXing , Zhang JiaYing , Ruan Tong , Ye Qi , He Ping
Published: December 2020

Background

Laboratory indicator test results in electronic health records have been applied to many clinical big data analysis. However, it is quite common that the same laboratory examination item (i.e., lab indicator) is presented using different names in Chinese due to the translation problem and the habit problem of various hospitals, which results in distortion of analysis results.

Methods

A framework with a recall model and a binary classification model is proposed, which could reduce the alignment scale and improve the accuracy of lab indicator normalization. To reduce alignment scale, tf-idf is used for candidate selection. To assure the accuracy of output, we utilize enhanced sequential inference model for binary classification. And active learning is applied with a selection strategy which is proposed for reducing annotation cost.

Results

Since our indicator standardization method mainly focuses on Chinese indicator inconsistency, we perform our experiment on Shanghai Hospital Development Center and select clinical data from 8 hospitals. The method achieves a F1-score 92.08$$\%$$
%
in our final binary classification. As for active learning, the new strategy proposed performs better than random baseline and could outperform the result trained on full data with only 43$$\%$$
%
training data. A case study on heart failure clinic analysis conducted on the sub-dataset collected from SHDC shows that our proposed method is practical in the application with good performance.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates that the structure we proposed can be effectively applied to lab indicator normalization. And active learning is also suitable for this task for cost reduction. Such a method is also valuable in data cleaning, data mining, text extracting and entity alignment.
Chest x-ray severity score in COVID-19 patients on emergency department admission: a two-centre study
Authors: Monaco Cristian Giuseppe , Zaottini Federico , Schiaffino Simone , Villa Alessandro , Della Pepa Gianmarco , Carbonaro Luca Alessandro , Menicagli Laura , Cozzi Andrea , Carriero Serena , Arpaia Francesco , Di Leo Giovanni , Astengo Davide , Rosenberg Ilan , Sardanelli Francesco
Published: December 2020

Background

Integration of imaging and clinical parameters could improve the stratification of COVID-19 patients on emergency department (ED) admission. We aimed to assess the extent of COVID-19 pulmonary abnormalities on chest x-ray (CXR) using a semiquantitative severity score, correlating it with clinical data and testing its interobserver agreement.

Methods

From February 22 to April 8, 2020, 926 consecutive patients referring to ED of two institutions in Northern Italy for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed. Patients with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positive for SARS-CoV-2 and CXR images on ED admission were included (295 patients, median age 69 years, 199 males). Five readers independently and blindly reviewed all CXRs, rating pulmonary parenchymal involvement using a 0–3 semiquantitative score in 1-point increments on 6 lung zones (range 0–18). Interobserver agreement was assessed with weighted Cohen’s κ, correlations between median CXR score and clinical data with Spearman’s ρ, and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

Median score showed negative correlation with SpO2 (ρ = -0.242, p < 0.001), positive correlation with white cell count (ρ = 0.277, p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (ρ = 0.308, p < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.367, p < 0.001), being significantly higher in subsequently dead patients (p = 0.003). Considering overall scores, readers’ pairings yielded moderate (κ = 0.449, p < 0.001) to almost perfect interobserver agreement (κ = 0.872, p < 0.001), with better interobserver agreement between readers of centre 2 (up to κ = 0.872, p < 0.001) than centre 1 (κ = 0.764, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Proposed CXR pulmonary severity score in COVID-19 showed moderate to almost perfect interobserver agreement and significant but weak correlations with clinical parameters, potentially furthering CXR integration in patients’ stratification.
DIagnostic Subdural EEG electrodes And Subdural hEmatoma (DISEASE): a study protocol for a prospective nonrandomized controlled trial
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Freiman Thomas M. , Reif Philipp S. , Dubinski Daniel , Hattingen Elke , Herrmann Eva , Seifert Volker , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam , Konczalla Juergen
Published: December 2020

Background

Epileptic seizures are common clinical features in patients with acute subdural hematoma (aSDH); however, diagnostic feasibility and therapeutic monitoring remain limited. Surface electroencephalography (EEG) is the major diagnostic tool for the detection of seizures but it might be not sensitive enough to detect all subclinical or nonconvulsive seizures or status epilepticus. Therefore, we have planned a clinical trial to evaluate a novel treatment modality by perioperatively implanting subdural EEG electrodes to diagnose seizures; we will then treat the seizures under therapeutic monitoring and analyze the clinical benefit.

Methods

In a prospective nonrandomized trial, we aim to include 110 patients with aSDH. Only patients undergoing surgical removal of aSDH will be included; one arm will be treated according to the guidelines of the Brain Trauma Foundation, while the other arm will additionally receive a subdural grid electrode. The study’s primary outcome is the comparison of incidence of seizures and time-to-seizure between the interventional and control arms. Invasive therapeutic monitoring will guide treatment with antiseizure drugs (ASDs). The secondary outcome will be the functional outcome for both groups as assessed via the Glasgow Outcome Scale and modified Rankin Scale both at discharge and during 6 months of follow-up. The tertiary outcome will be the evaluation of chronic epilepsy within 2–4 years of follow-up.

Discussion

The implantation of a subdural EEG grid electrode in patients with aSDH is expected to be effective in diagnosing seizures in a timely manner, facilitating treatment with ASDs and monitoring of treatment success. Moreover, the occurrence of epileptiform discharges prior to the manifestation of seizure patterns could be evaluated in order to identify high-risk patients who might benefit from prophylactic treatment with ASDs.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. NCT04211233.
Case Report: Good responsiveness of metastatic sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous differentiation to immune checkpoint inhibitor after radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Hyung Ho , Kang Hye Ju , Park Weon Seo , Choi Wonyoung , Seo Ho Kyung , Kim Sung Han
Published: December 2020

Background: Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous differentiation (SUCCD) in the ureter has a poor prognosis and is a rare histological variant of ureteral cancer. The majority of ureteral cancers are urothelial carcinomas.

Clinical case: We present a case of well-controlled metastatic SUCCD treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor after radical surgery and failed adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient was a 68-year-old male with previous cure history of cT1 staged esophageal squamous cell carcinoma referred to the urology department for a right hydronephroureterosis complicating an intraureteral enhancing mass. After ureteroscopic biopsy and intraureteral urine cytology, atypical pleomorphic cell nests and chondroid tissue consistent with sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma were observed. The patient underwent a successful radical right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuffing. The final diagnosis was a pT3N0 sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (heterologous component: chondrosarcoma > 95%) located at the right distal ureter and right renal calyx with infiltration of the periureteric fat and renal parenchyma of the renal capsule. On the postoperative one-month follow-up computed tomography scan, multiple enlarged lymph nodes and metastatic lung nodules were detected. The initiated adjuvant three cycles of gemcitabine-carboplatin therapy was marked by disease progression; thus, second-line therapy with atezolizumab was used for treatment. After five cycles of atezolizumab, the tumors showed a partial response without any grade 3 complications.

Conclusion: The recurrent metastatic SUCCD showed good response to the immune checkpoint inhibitor after unsuccessful therapy with radical surgery and first line chemotherapy despite the unfavorable outcome of the pathology.
Prevalence and patterns of multi-morbidity in the productive age group of 30-69 years: A cross-sectional study in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala.
Authors: C Rohini , Jeemon Panniyammakal
Published: December 2020

Background: Multi-morbidity is the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in individuals. With advancing epidemiological and demographic transitions, the burden of multi-morbidity is expected to increase India.

Methods: A cross-sectional representative survey was conducted among 410 participants aged 30-69 years in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala to assess the prevalence of multi-morbidity. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to identify households for the survey. We interviewed all eligible participants in the selected households. A structured interview schedule was used to assess socio-demographic variables, behavioral risk factors and prevailing clinical conditions. We used the PHQ-9 questionnaire for depression screening. Further, we conducted active measurements of both blood sugar and blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with multi-morbidity.

Results: Overall, the prevalence of multi-morbidity was 45.4% (95% CI: 40.5-50.3%). Nearly a quarter of the study participants (25.4%) reported only one chronic condition (21.3-29.9%). Further, 30.7% (26.3-35.5), 10.7% (7.9-14.2), 3.7% (2.1-6.0) and 0.2% reported two, three, four and five chronic conditions, respectively. At least one person with multi-morbidity was present in around seven out of ten households (72%, 95% CI: 65-78%). Further, one in five households (22%, 95% CI: 16.7-28.9%) reported more than one person with multi-morbidity. Diabetes and hypertension was the most frequent dyad (30.9%, 95% CI: 26.5-35.7%), followed by hypertension and depression (7.8%, 95% CI: 5.5-10.9%). Diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart disease was the common triad in males (8.5%, 95% CI: 4.8-14.1%), while it was diabetes, hypertension and depression (6.9%, 95% CI: 4.2-11.1%) in females. Age, sex, and employment status were associated with multi-morbidity.

Conclusion: Multi-morbidity is prevalent in one of two participants in the productive age group of 30-69 years. Further, seven of ten households have at least one person with multi-morbidity. The high burden of multi-morbidity calls for integrated management strategies for multiple chronic conditions.
Atenção nutricional a indivíduos com doença inflamatória intestinal: relato de uma experiência de educação e produção de conhecimento por meio da assistência à saúde.
Authors: Ribeiro José Maria Eduarda , Cadete Martins Bruna , Cristina Silva Rodrigues Lívia , Cristine Lôpo dos Santos Isabelle , Da Silva Ferreira Thaís , Junqueira das Neves Fabricia
Published: December 2020

A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) tem um grande impacto na qualidade de vida e a alimentação apresenta papel fundamental no desenvolvimento e tratamento da mesma. O atendimento nutricional pode então contribuir de forma significativa para qualidade de vida de indivíduos com DII, desde que contemple toda a complexidade que o indivíduo traz, incluindo a realidade em que está inserido. Foram realizadas consultas individuais nas quais foram abordados vários aspectos, por meio de um protocolo específico. A troca de saberes com os indivíduos possibilitou aos profissionais e alunos do ambulatório um melhor entendimento das peculiaridades da DII. A valorização da escuta do individuo aumentou a adesão ao tratamento, já que o mesmo participou da construção do conhecimento e foi sensibilizado para a importância das mudanças.
Vínculos Comerciais do Arquipélago Malvinas e suas Repercussões nos Países da América Latina
Authors: Carvalho Rogerio Do Nascimento
Published: December 2020

Os vínculos comerciais de uma região demonstram a forma como se relacionam no mundo globalizado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi atestar a dificuldade de comércio do arquipélago Malvinas com os países da América Latina. Analisa-se conjuntamente o documento oficial do governo do arquipélago que atesta a dependência da estrutura de integração com o Reino Unido. A política britânica configura-se em obstáculo para integração econômica do arquipélago com demais países da América Latina visto que garante ao Reino Unido acesso privilegiado às riquezas geoeconômicas e estratégicas da região, mas com o evento do Brexit abrem-se oportunidades que elevam a discussão da situação do arquipélago no Atlântico Sul. A análise de dados permite afirmar que as relações diminutas de comércio com países da América Latina dificultam processos de aproximação e, por isso, é necessário reflexões sobre as alternativas a serem construídas pelos efeitos do Brexit para o deslinde da questão.Palavras-chave: Malvinas, Integração, Economia.RESUMENLos lazos comerciales de una región demuestran cómo se relacionan entre sí y con el mundo globalizado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demonstrar la dificultad del comercio entre el archipiélago de Malvinas y los países de Latinoamérica. El documento oficial del gobierno del archipiélago atestigua la dependencia de la estructura con el Reino Unido. La política británica es un obstáculo para la integración económica del archipiélago con otros países latinoamericanos, ya que garantiza al Reino Unido el acceso privilegiado a la riqueza geoeconómica y estratégica de la región, pero con el evento Brexit hay miradas que aumentan la discusión acerca de la situación del archipiélago en el Atlántico Sur. El análisis de datos concluye que las relaciones comerciales disminuidas con los países latinoamericanos dificultan los procesos de aproximación y, por lo tanto, las reflexiones sobre las alternativas a obtener por los efectos del Brexit para la solución final de la cuestión.Palabras-claves: Malvinas, Integración, Economía. Recebido em: 12/02/2020 | Aceito em: 23/06/2020
Identificação e mapeamento das centralidades urbanas do município de Juiz de Fora / Identification and mapping of urban centralities in the municipality of Juiz de Fora
Authors: Bastos Suzana Quinet de Andrade , Carvalho Luiza , Procópio Igor
Published: December 2020

ResumoEsse trabalho tem como objetivo a identificação e mapeamento de aglomerações do setor de serviço de Juiz de Fora com o propósito de identificar as centralidades urbanas do município. Para identificação utiliza-se a metodologia proposta por Zissimos (2007) e para mapeamento as informações sobre localização das empresas de serviços por meio de microdados, a base de dados é a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). Com relação à identificação, verifica-se que das quarenta e uma divisões do setor de serviço, quatorze são consideradas como clusters de serviços, destacando-se as divisões: transporte terrestre, alimentação, educação e atividade de atenção à saúde humana. Ao realizar o mapeamento dos clusters do setor de serviço verifica-se que a região centro concentra as atividades de serviço com a presença de todas as atividades. Portanto, a cidade de Juiz de Fora apresenta um centro tradicional com grande influência econômica. Entretanto, devido ao crescimento da cidade, o centro também sofreu uma expansão para atender as novas demandas da população. Com isso, a cidade passou a ter sub-centro (São Mateus e Alto dos Passos), que são bairros que possuem as mesmas atividades do centro principal, mas em menor escala e com menor grau de especialização, e eixos de serviços (Benfica, Santa Cruz e Nova Era (Noroeste), Vale dos Bandeirantes (Nordeste), São Pedro (Oeste) e Santa Luzia e Ipiranga (Sul).Palavras chaves: Setor de serviços. Cluster. Centralidade urbana. Juiz de Fora (MG) AbstractThe work aims to identify and map the agglomerations of the service sector of Juiz de Fora with the purpose of identifying the urban centralities of the municipality. For identification, the methodology proposed by Zissimos (2007) is used and for mapping information about the location of service companies through microdata of the Annual List of Social Information (RAIS). About identification, out of the forty-one divisions of the service sector, fourteen are considered clusters of services, with emphasis on the divisions: land transport, food, education, and human health care activities. When mapping the service sector clusters, it appears that the central region concentrates service activities with the presence of all activities. Therefore, the city of Juiz de Fora has a traditional center with great economic influence. However, due to the growth of the city, the center has also undergone an expansion to meet the new demands of the population. With that, the city started to have sub-center (São Mateus and Alto dos Passos) and service axes (Benfica, Santa Cruz and Nova Era (Northwest), Vale dos Bandeirantes (Northeast), São Pedro (West) and Santa Luzia and Ipiranga (South).Keywords: Service sector. Cluster. Urban centrality. Juiz de Fora (MG)