bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the development of brain metastases in patients with local/regional melanoma
Authors: Frankel Timothy L. , Bamboat Zubin M. , Ariyan Charlotte , Coit Daniel , Sabel Michael S. , Brady Mary S.
Published: February 2014

Background

The brain is a common site of recurrence in melanoma patients. Brain recurrence may present as a seizure, hemorrhage, or death. We sought to determine predictors of brain metastases in patients with primary and regional melanoma in order to facilitate targeted screening.

Methods

Prospectively maintained databases were used to identify patients treated for local or regional melanoma who developed stage IV melanoma with and without brain metastasis at initial recurrence. One hundred twenty patients were identified with brain relapse and compared to 487 patients without brain recurrence.

Results

On univariate analysis, patients with brain metastases were younger (55 vs. 59yrs, P = 0.04) but did not differ in primary site (head and neck 23% vs. 21%, P = 0.20). Brain metastasis patients had thinner primaries (mean 3.4 vs. 4.5 mm, P = 0.01). There were no other pathologic differences including ulceration (55% vs. 53%, P = 0.75), mitoses (7 vs.7.5, P = 0.61) or histologic subtype. Younger age and decreased Breslow thickness were independently associated with brain metastases at stage IV recurrence (OR = 1.10 P = 0.01 and OR = 1.02 P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

Our analysis, the largest to date, demonstrates that thinner Breslow depth and younger age were associated with brain recurrence at first presentation with Stage IV disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:770–774. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early experience with ultrasound features after intrabeam intraoperative radiation for early stage breast cancer
Authors: Goble Rachel N. , Drukteinis Jennifer S. , Lee M. Catherine , Khakpour Nazanin , Kiluk John V. , Laronga Christine
Published: February 2014

Background

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is an emerging option for partial breast radiotherapy in select women with early stage breast cancer. We assessed short‐term clinical and sonographic findings after breast conservation (BCT) and IORT.

Methods

An IRB‐approved, single institution retrospective chart review was conducted of patients (pts) treated with BCT/IORT from 1/2011 to 6/2012. Follow‐up clinical breast exams and ultrasounds (US) obtained 6 and 12 months after BCT/IORT were retrospectively reviewed by a single breast radiologist (JD) for sonographic findings. P values were calculated using McNemar's test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, and Chi‐square.

Results

Seventy‐one pts underwent BCT/IORT and 38 pts had an US. All 38 pts had a seroma, 10/38 (26%) pts were symptomatic. Eighteen pts had deep tissue closure (DTC) of the lumpectomy cavity with 5/18 (28%) DTC pts being symptomatic at follow‐up versus 5/33 (15%) without DTC (P = 0.296). At 6 months, DTC resulted in smaller seroma cavity volumes compared to those without DTC (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Presence of a seroma is commonplace post BCT/IORT; symptomatic seromas are uncommon. DTC generated smaller seromas. Longer follow‐up with serial US performed in all BCT/IORT pts could be considered to document natural progression/regression of symptoms and seromas. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:751–755. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The comparison of differences in flammability and thermal degradation between cotton fabrics treated with phosphoramidate derivatives
Authors: Nguyen Thach‐Mien , Chang SeChin , Condon Brian
Published: February 2014

The effectiveness of a phosphoramidate tetraethyl piperazine‐1,4‐diyldiphosphoramidate (TEPP) as a flame retardant on cotton twill fabrics was compared with that of a previously studied diethyl 4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐ylphosphoramidate (DEPP). TEPP was formed in a reaction between two phosphonates and a piperazine then cotton twill fabrics were treated with TEPP at different levels of add‐on (2–19 wt%) and characterized using vertical flammability, limiting oxygen index, microscale combustion calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The results showed better flame retardancy and thermal behavior for TEPP fabrics when compared with DEPP fabrics. When the morphological structure of the formed char from the burned areas was examined by scanning electron microscopy, the results revealed a fairly insignificant difference in the mode of action between the two types of fabric. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuberculosis in pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplantation patients
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Airewele Gladstone , Starke Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2014

Five children with malignancies (3 hematologic, 1 medulloblastoma, 1 hepatoblastoma) and one bone marrow transplant patient were treated for tuberculosis over a 30‐year period. Three had pulmonary disease, 3 disseminated tuberculosis, and 1 had scrofula. Four of five had positive tuberculin skin tests, cultures were positive in 5/6 children. One child died of disseminated TB after engraftment, and one child had hepatotoxicity likely related to tuberculosis therapy. All cases were potentially preventable had they been screened due to established risk factors of foreign birth (4/6) or parental foreign birth (2/6). All children should be screened for latent tuberculosis before chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1484–1485. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology evolution of MOCVD grown GaN epitaxial layers on nanoPSS
Authors: Jiang Xianzhe , Chen Zhizhong , Li Junze , Jiang Shuang , Kang Xiangning , Zhang Guoyi
Published: February 2014

Nanoscale patterned sapphire substrates (NPSS) were fabricated through nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technology and etching treatment. With optimized growth conditions, high‐quality GaN epilayers were epitaxially grown by commercial metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. Structural and optical properties were studied. Better imprint stamp as well as faster transition between different growth modes during lateral epitaxial growth were found to be two important factors that improve the crystal quality and reduce the density of the defects. A new kind of irregular circular mesas was observed with random distribution, which may come from accelerated growth by template imperfection. Considering the evolution of pattern size and density, possible origin of such structure has been proposed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pulsed modulation doping of AlxGa1‐xN (x>0.6) AlGaN epilayers for deep UV optoelectronic devices
Authors: Chen Hung‐Chi , Ahmad Iftikhar , Zhang Bin , Coleman Antwon , Sultana Mahbuba , Adivarahan Vinod , Khan Asif
Published: February 2014

We report a new approach of pulsed modulation doping (PMD) to achieve n‐type doping in AlxGa1‐xN (x>0.6) layers. In this approach silane flow is cyclically modulated during n‐AlGaN growth which enable us to grow low dislocation density n‐AlGaN templates for UV (λ ∼ 280 nm) LEDs. We observed that dislocation density for un‐doped AlGaN layers on high quality AlN layers is 3.3×108cm‐2. This dislocation density was increased to 2.3×109 cm–2 for conventionally grown n‐AlGaN layers on AlGaN templates. We were able to reduced dislocation density in n‐AlGaN layers to 3.5×108cm–2 using PMD of n‐AlGaN layers. The dislocation densities in these samples were studies using etch pit density (EPD) and Williamson and Hall studies. A comparative study of LED structures on conventional and PMD doped n‐AlGaN showed improved performance for LED emitting at 280 nm for LED structure on PMD n‐doped AlGaN layers. In this paper the details of our growth procedure, the epi‐structure X‐ray, AFM, and other characterizations will be presented. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A cable neck‐restraint to live‐capture coyotes
Authors: Wegan Michael T. , Etter Dwayne R. , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Svoboda Nathan J. , Petroelje Tyler R.
Published: February 2014

We evaluated a cable neck‐restraint for live capture of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Michigan, USA, from 6 January to 22 March 2011. We documented capture efficiency, selectivity, and animal welfare using criteria developed by the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Best Management Practices and the International Organization for Standardization. We constructed cable restraints with an 8.9‐cm‐diameter minimum loop stop and reverse bend washer locks drilled to 4.8 mm, to more readily relax on 2.4‐mm‐diameter steel cable. Cable restraints were set for 938 trap‐nights during January–March 2011. Capture efficiency was 71.4% (n = 20 coyotes) and selectivity 95.0%. We performed necropsies (n = 11) or external examinations (n = 9) to evaluate capture‐related injuries and released coyotes fitted with Global Positioning System collars (n = 5) to estimate home‐range size. Mean individual injury score of necropsied coyotes was 5.0 ± SD 8.9 and mean total injury score was 7.3 ± SD 9.8; we observed no mortality of coyotes due to capture. Home range sizes of 2 coyotes (8.9 km2 and 16.6 km2) were within the 95% confidence interval of mean home‐range size of resident coyotes captured in foothold traps (16.0 km2 ± SD 5.7, n = 11). Our findings indicate this cable restraint configuration exceeds all Best Management Practices criteria and is suitable for the capture of coyotes in both wildlife management and research arenas. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Modification of Stearidonic Acid Soybean Oil by Immobilized Rhizomucor miehei Lipase to Incorporate Caprylic Acid
Authors: Ifeduba Ebenezer A. , Akoh Casimir C.
Published: February 2014

Immobilized sn‐1,3 specific Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) was used to catalyze the incorporation of caprylic acid (C8:0) into high stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4ω3) soybean oil (SDASO) to form structured lipids (SL). The effects of type of biocatalyst (Celite‐, octyl‐Sepharose‐, and Duolite‐immobilized RML) and reaction temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C) on acidolysis and acyl migration were studied. Celite‐immobilized RML (C‐RML) at 50 °C maximized C8:0 incorporation and minimized acyl migration compared to other treatments. Optimal levels of substrate molar ratio (C8:0 to SDASO), incubation time, and enzyme load for SL synthesis by C‐RML at 50 °C was determined by response surface methodology to be 6:1, 24 h, and 20 % weight of substrates, respectively. This optimum treatment was scaled‐up in hexane or solvent‐free reaction media using SDASO or an SDA‐enriched acylglycerol mixture as substrate. This yielded various SL with C8:0 contents ranging from 17.0 to 32.5 mol% and SDA contents ranging from 20.6 to 42.3 mol%. When digested, these SL may deliver C8:0 for quick energy and SDA for heart health making them potentially valuable for medical and nutraceutical applications.
Is stress perceived differently in relationships with parents and peers? Inter‐ and intra‐regional comparisons on adolescents from 21 nations
Authors: Persike Malte , Seiffge‐Krenke Inge
Published: February 2014

This study investigated how adolescents (mean age of 15 years) from 21 countries perceived parent‐ and peer‐related stress. Across countries, adolescents perceived parent‐related stress at considerably greater levels than peer‐related stress. Adolescents assigned to six geographical regions differed significantly in overall stress levels as well as in the disparity between perceived stress levels in the parent and peer domain. Regional comparisons revealed that adolescents from Southern Europe exhibited the highest levels of parent‐related stress, followed by adolescents from Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia. The stress levels of adolescents from Central European and North American countries were generally quite low. Correspondence analyses revealed distinctive patterns of perceived stress in close relationships, depending on the region. The discussion focuses on different parental styles and cultural values as potential influential factors for differences in stress perception between regions.
Expression of synaptopodin in endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress and its role in endothelial wound healing
Authors: Mun Gyeong In , Park Soojin , Kremerskothen Joachim , Boo Yong Chool
Published: February 2014

We examined the hypothesis that certain actin binding proteins might be upregulated by laminar shear stress (LSS) and could contribute to endothelial wound healing. Analysis of mRNA expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells under static and LSS‐exposed conditions provided a list of LSS‐induced actin binding proteins including synaptopodin (SYNPO) whose endothelial expression has not been previously reported. Additional studies demonstrated that SYNPO is a key mediator of endothelial wound healing because small interfering RNA‐mediated suppression of SYNPO attenuated wound closure under LSS whereas overexpression of exogenous SYNPO enhanced endothelial wound closure in the absence of LSS. This study suggests that LSS‐induced actin binding proteins including SYNPO may play a critical role in the endothelial wound healing stimulated by LSS.
Principles of Mental Physiology
Authors: Carpenter William Benjamin
Published: February 2014

William Carpenter (1813–85) was trained as a doctor; he was apprenticed to an eye surgeon, and later attended University College London and the University of Edinburgh, obtaining his M. D. in 1839. Rather than practising medicine, he became a teacher, specialising in neurology, and it was his work as a zoologist on marine invertebrates that brought him wide scientific recognition. His Principles of Mental Physiology, published in 1874, developed the ideas he had first expounded in the 1850s, and expounds the arguments for and against the two models of psychology then current – automatism, which assumed that the mind operates under the control of the physiology of the body for all human activity, and free will, 'an independent power, controlling and directing that activity.' Drawing on animal as well as human examples, his arguments, especially on the acquisition of mental traits in the individual, are much influenced by Darwin.
COMMUNITY SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON INTERMEDIARY DETERMINANTS OF CHILD HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM COLOMBIA
Authors: OSORIO ANA MARÍA , BOLANCÉ CATALINA , MADISE NYOVANI
Published: February 2014

Intermediary determinants are the most immediate mechanisms through which socioeconomic position shapes health inequities. This study examines the effect of community socioeconomic context on different indicators representing intermediary determinants of child health. In the context of Colombia, a developing country with a clear economic expansion, but one of the most unequal countries in the world, two categories of intermediary determinants, namely behavioural and psychosocial factors and the health system, are analysed. Using data from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), the results suggest that whilst the community context can exert a greater influence on factors linked directly to health, in the case of psychosocial factors and parent's behaviours, the family context can be more important. In addition, the results from multilevel analysis indicate that a significant percentage of the variability in the overall index of intermediary determinants of child health is explained by the community context, even after controlling for individual, family and community characteristics. These findings underline the importance of distinguishing between community and family intervention programmes in order to reduce place-based health inequities in Colombia.
When governments support poaching: a review of the illegal trapping of thrushesTurdusspp. in theparanyof Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
Authors: MURGUI ENRIQUE
Published: February 2014

Theparanyis a device used in Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) for trapping birds by the use of limed sticks. Between 1988 and 2001 successive Comunidad Valenciana governments authorised the legal trapping of thrushesTurdusspp. in 5,000paranyeach year. Approximately 1.5 million thrushes (mostly Song ThrushTurdus philomelosand RedwingT. iliacus) along with half a million birds of many protected species (including raptors) were trapped annually. Authorisation ceased in 2001 but illegal trapping still occurs, using at least 2,000parany. Comunidad Valenciana governments have explicitly supported bird trapping on both legal and technical grounds claiming that only small numbers of thrushes are caught and that other species are unaffected, thus complying with the EU Birds Directive. Such assertions have never been proven, and regional, national and international courts have declared that theparanycontravenes nature protection laws. Comunidad Valenciana governments have deliberately overlooked such judgements. It is concluded that eradication ofparanythrough law enforcement and educational schemes would be the best option. Nevertheless, according to the EU Birds Directive, controlled bird trapping would be feasible, and the requisites for such a strategy are discussed. The main obstacle to both eradication and strictly controlled use ofparanyis the lack of political will by Comunidad Valenciana governments.
Near-IR Diffuse Interstellar Bands in SDSS-III APOGEE Spectra
Authors: Zasowski G. , Ménard B.
Published: February 2014

Using high resolution H-band spectra from first-year observations of the SDSS-III APOGEE survey, we have searched for the presence of Diffuse Interstellar Bands (DIBs) towards several thousand stars and obtained ~7 000 robust detections spanning a broad range of Galactic environments. This represents the largest homogeneous sample of DIB systems in terms of both size and sky coverage, which can be used for various statistical studies. For example, we find the strength of the most prominent near-IR DIB (at 1.5723 μm) to be strongly correlated with line-of-sight dust extinction, and its apparent velocity appears to trace that of the Galactic CO emission. The ability to work at near-IR wavelengths allows us to probe lines of sight penetrating through the dusty disk of the Galaxy, spanning a range of about 8 magnitudes of extinction. This preliminary investigation illustrates how a large sample of DIBs can serve as a useful tool to probe the structure of the Galaxy and the chemistry of the interstellar medium.
Diffuse Interstellar Bands in M33
Authors: Smith K. T. , Cordiner M. A. , Evans C. J. , Cox N. L. J. , Sarre P. J.
Published: February 2014

We present the first sample of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the nearby galaxy M33. Studying DIBs in other galaxies allows the behaviour of the carriers to be examined under interstellar conditions which can be quite different from those of the Milky Way, and to determine which DIB properties can be used as reliable probes of extragalactic interstellar media. Multi-object spectroscopy of 43 stars in M33 has been performed using Keck/DEIMOS. The stellar spectral types were determined and combined with literature photometry to determine the M33 reddenings E(B-V)M33. Equivalent widths or upper limits have been measured for the λ5780 DIB towards each star. DIBs were detected towards 20 stars, demonstrating that their carriers are abundant in M33. The relationship with reddening is found to be at the upper end of the range observed in the Milky Way. The line of sight towards one star has an unusually strong ratio of DIB equivalent width to E(B-V)M33, and a total of seven DIBs were detected towards this star.
X-Shooter Survey of Near-Infrared DIBs
Authors: Cox N. L. J. , Cami J. , Kaper L. , Foing B. H. , Ehrenfreund P. , Ochsendorf B. B. , van Hooff S. H. M. , Salama F.
Published: February 2014

We present the first results of an exploratory VLT/X-Shooter survey of near-infrared diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in diffuse to translucent interstellar clouds. These observations confirm the presence of recently discoved NIR DIBs and provide more accurate rest wavelengths and line widths. Example spectra are shown for the reddened, AV ~ 10 mag, line-of-sight towards the distant binary system 4U 1907+09.
Automated Extraction of DIBs from Cool Star Spectra
Authors: Chen H.-Ch. , Lallement R. , Puspitarini L. , Bonifacio P. , Babusiaux C. , Hill V.
Published: February 2014

We have developed a method allowing to extract DIBs from cool star spectra, based on combinations of stellar synthetic, telluric transmission (when necessary), and DIB profile models. It is applicable when the star temperature, surface gravity and metallicity have been previously estimated. Such a method aims at extracting extensive data from stellar spectroscopic surveys such as the Gaia-ESO Survey in progress at the VLT. The method has been applied to several strong DIBs detected towards stars from various programs and located at various distances from the solar neighborhood to the Galactic Bulge. Here we illustrate the extraction of the 8620 Å DIB, and compare its strength to the one of the 6284 Å band, both for nearby and bulge stars.
First Results from a Study of DIBs with Thousands of High-Quality Massive-Star Spectra
Authors: Apellániz J. Maíz , Sota A. , Barbá R. H. , Morrell N. I. , Pellerin A. , Alfaro E. J. , Simón-Díaz S.
Published: February 2014

We are using five different surveys to compile the largest sample of diffuse interstellar band (DIB) measurements ever collected. GOSSS is obtaining intermediate-resolution blue-violet spectroscopy of ~2500 OB stars, of which 60% have already been observed and processed. The other four surveys have already collected multi-epoch high-resolution optical spectroscopy of 700 OB stars with different telescopes, including the 9 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope in McDonald Observatory. Some of our stars are highly-extinguished targets for which no good-quality optical spectra have ever been published. For all of the targets in our sample we have obtained accurate spectral types, measured non-DIB ISM lines, and compiled information from the literature to calculate the extinction. Here we present the first results of the project, the properties of twenty DIBs in the 4100-5500 Å range. We clearly detect a couple of previously elusive DIBs at 4170 Å and 4591 Å; the latter could have coronene and ovalene cations as carriers.
Behaviour of the Broadest DIBs as a Function of E(B–V)
Authors: York B. , Sonnentrucker P. , Hobbs L. M. , York D. G. , Friedman S. D. , Dahlstrom J. , Welty D. E. , Snow T. P. , Rachford B. L.
Published: February 2014

We present the first results of a dedicated search for Diffuse Interstellar Bands that have profiles with FWHM > 6 Å. Broad DIBs have been noticed in past surveys using averages of multiple sight lines (e.g. Jenniskens & Désert, 1994), but careful detection, measurement, and cataloguing for individual sight lines has not been done since the pioneering work of Herbig (1995). We have initiated an observing campaign using the Apache Point Observatory in order to obtain low-resolution spectra to search for such broad DIBs and monitor their behaviour from star to star. A first sample of 21 stars with 0.3 < E(B-V) < 3.3 mag, along with 15 matched low-reddening stars, were observed with the APO/DIS B400 (R ~ 450) and R300 (R ~ 1000) gratings to obtain spectra having S/N > 500.
Blue Luminescence and Extended Red Emission: Possible Connections to the Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Authors: Witt A. N.
Published: February 2014

Blue luminescence (BL) and extended red emission (ERE) are observed as diffuse, optical-wavelength emissions in interstellar space, resulting from photoluminescence by ultraviolet(UV)-illuminated interstellar grains. Faintness and the challenge of separating the BL and ERE from the frequently much brighter dust-scattered continuum present major observational hurdles, which have permitted only slow progress in testing the numerous models that have been advanced to explain these two phenomena. Both the ERE, peaking near 680 nm (FWHM ~ 60 - 120 nm) and the BL, asymmetrically peaking at ~ 378 nm (FWHM ~ 45 nm), were first discovered in the Red Rectangle nebula. Subsequently, ERE and BL have been observed in other reflection nebulae, and in the case of the ERE, in carbon-rich planetary nebulae, H II regions, high-latitude cirrus clouds, the galactic diffuse ISM, and in external galaxies. BL exhibits a close spatial and intensity correlation with emission in the aromatic emission feature at 3.3 micron, most likely arising from small, neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. The spectral characteristics of the BL also agree with those of fluorescence by PAH molecules with 13 to 19 carbon atoms. The BL phenomenon is thus most readily understood as the optical fluorescence of small, UV-excited aromatic molecules. The ERE, by contrast, though co-existent with mid-IR PAH emissions, does not correlate with emissions from either neutral or ionized PAHs. Instead, the spatial ERE morphology appears to be strictly governed by the density of far-UV (E ≥ 10.5 eV) photons, which are required for the ERE excitation. The most restrictive observational constraint for the ERE process is its exceptionally high quantum efficiency. If the ERE results from photo-excitation of a nano-particle carrier by photons with E ≥ 10.5 eV in a single-step process, the quantum efficiency exceeds 100%. Such a process, in which one to three low-energy optical photons may be emitted following a single far-UV excitation, is possible in highly isolated small clusters, e.g. small, dehydrogenated carbon clusters with about 20 to 28 carbon atoms. A possible connection between the ERE carriers and the carriers of DIBs may exist in that both are ubiquitous throughout the diffuse interstellar medium and both have an abundance of low-lying electronic levels with E ≤ 2.3 eV above the ground state.
Herschel/HIFI Discoveryof a Far-Infrared DIB Analog
Authors: Müller H. S. P. , Schilke P. , Gerin M. , Lis D. C. , Bergin E. A. , Pearson J. C. , De Luca M. , Black J. H.
Published: February 2014

The Herschel Space Observatory carried out observations at far-infrared wavelengths, which significantly increased our knowledge of the interstellar medium and the star-formation process in the Milky Way and external galaxies, as well as our understanding of astrochemistry.

Absorption features, known, e.g., from observations at millimeter wavelengths, are more commonly observed in the far-infrared, in particular toward strong dust continuum sources. The lowest energy transitions are not only observed at LSR-velocities related to the source, but often also at velocities associated with diffuse molecular clouds along the line of sight toward the background source.

Unbiased spectral line surveys of the massive and very luminous Galactic Center sources Sagittarius B2(M) and (N) were carried out across the entire frequency range of the high-resolution Heterodyne Instrument for Far-Infrared Astronomy (HIFI). An absorption feature was detected toward both sources at about 617.531 GHz, corresponding to 20.599 cm−1, 485.47 μm, or 2.5539 meV. This feature is unique in its appearance at all velocity components associated with diffuse foreground molecular clouds, together with its conspicuous absence at velocities related to the sources themselves. The carriers of at least a substantial part of the DIBs are thought to reside in the diffuse interstellar medium. Therefore, we consider this absorption feature to be a far-infrared DIB analog.

Subsequent dedicated observations confirmed that the line is present only in the foreground clouds on the line of sight toward other massive star-forming regions in the Galactic disk. There is indication that the feature has substructure, possibly of fine or hyperfine nature. Attempts to assign the feature to atomic or molecular species have been unsuccessful so far.
λ4430 Emission by Comet Hyakutake
Authors: A'Hearn M. F. , Wellnitz D. D. , Meier R.
Published: February 2014

Comets provide a very different but well understood environment in which to search for DIBs. Observations of occultations by cometary comae have not detected DIBs, but none were very near the nucleus, where the column density of dust is highest. We report here unidentified emission bands, centered at λ4430, very near the nucleus of comet Hyakutake. These may be vaporized forms of grain carriers or fragments of large-molecule carriers. At least two different species appear to be present based on two different spatial distributions.
Kinematic Distance of Galactic Radio Objects
Authors: Zhu H. , Tian W. , Su H. , Wu D.
Published: February 2014

We briefly summarize the method of kinematic distances of Galactic radio objects and discuss the ambiguity in this method. Both Hi absorption and Hi self-absorption are effective tools to solve the kinematic distance ambiguity. We build the 21 cm Hi absorption spectrum of the complex G35.6-0.5, and suggest SNR G35.6-0.4, one component of the complex, is located at the near side distance of about 3.6 kpc.
Laboratory Spectroscopy of PAHs
Authors: Pino T. , Féraud G. , Bréchignac Ph. , Bieske E. J. , Schmidt T. W.
Published: February 2014

Spectroscopic investigations of PAHs have been conducted for many years, commencing with solid and solution studies and more recently including gas phase characterisation of a broad range of different species. Through the development of new, efficient methods of production and more sensitive spectroscopic techniques, fresh data are becoming available for not only neutral species, but also for radicals, ions and clusters.
Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy: A New Approach to Search for DIB Carriers
Authors: Walsh A. J. , Zhao D. , Ubachs W. , Linnartz H.
Published: February 2014

A new and sensitive set-up to swiftly test proposed carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs), over a relatively broad spectral range, is described. The instrument utilizes broad-band cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) and incorporates an optomechanical shutter to modulate light from a continuous incoherent light source. A pulsed supersonically expanding planar plasma expansion is used to mimic conditions in translucent interstellar clouds. Measurements of plasma durations as low as 400 μs are possible. The sensitivity is estimated to be better than 10 ppm/pass, measured with an effective exposure time of only ca. 1 s. The performance and potential of the instrument is demonstrated on spectra of C5H, C6H and C9H3 recorded through expanding hydrocarbon plasma.
Carbon Interstellar Chemistry: Theory versus Observations
Authors: Wakelam V.
Published: February 2014

To study the interstellar chemical composition and interpret molecular observations, astrochemists have built chemical models over the years. Those models compute the composition of the gas and the icy mantles of interstellar grains taking in account a large number of processes, such as chemical reactions in the gas-phase, interactions with grain surfaces (sticking and evaporation) and chemical reactions at the surface of the grains. Those models rely on a number of parameters (physical parameters of the medium and intrinsic chemical parameters such as rate coefficients), which are estimated with an associated uncertainty. From a chemical point of view, those uncertainties are mainly due to an incomplete knowledge of the efficiency of the processes in the interstellar conditions. Many studies in the recent and past years have been undertaken to improve this knowledge, either using experimental or theoretical results in physico-chemistry.
A Critical Review of PAHs as DIB Carriers - Progress and Open Questions
Authors: Salama F. , Ehrenfreund P.
Published: February 2014

PAHs are among the most commonly proposed and popular candidates for DIB carriers. We present a critical assessment of the PAH-DIB model in view of the progress and the advances that have recently been achieved through a series of complementary studies involving astronomical observations of DIBs, laboratory simulation of interstellar analogs for PAHs (neutrals and ions), space exposure experiments of PAHs, theoretical calculations of PAH spectra and the modeling of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds. What have we learned from these complementary studies? What are the constraints that can now be derived for the PAHs as DIB carriers? What are the strengths and the weaknesses of the PAH model to account for the DIBs?
Dirty H2 Molecular Clusters as the DIB Sources: Spectroscopic and Physical Properties
Authors: Bernstein L. S. , Clark F. O. , Lynch D. K.
Published: February 2014

We propose that the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) arise from absorption lines of electronic transitions in molecular clusters primarily composed of a single molecule, atom, or ion (“seed”), embedded in a single-layer shell of H2 molecules (Bernstein et al. 2013). Less abundant variants of the cluster, including two seed molecules and/or a two-layer shell of H2 molecules may also occur. The lines are broadened, blended, and wavelength-shifted by interactions between the seed and surrounding H2 shell. We refer to these clusters as CHCs (Contaminated H2 Clusters). CHC spectroscopy matches the diversity of observed DIB spectral profiles, and provides good fits to several DIB profiles based on a rotational temperature of 10 K. CHCs arise from ~cm-sized, dirty H2 ice balls, called CHIMPs (Contaminated H2 Ice Macro-Particles), formed in cold, dense, Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), and later released into the interstellar medium (ISM) upon GMC disruption. Attractive interactions, arising from Van der Waals and ion-induced dipole potentials, between the seeds and H2 molecules enable CHIMPs to attain cm-sized dimensions. When an ultraviolet (UV) photon is absorbed in the outer layer of a CHIMP, it heats the icy matrix and expels CHCs into the ISM. While CHCs are quickly destroyed by absorbing UV photons, they are replenished by the slowly eroding CHIMPs. Since CHCs require UV photons for their release, they are most abundant at, but not limited to, the edges of UV-opaque molecular clouds, consistent with the observed, preferred location of DIBs. An inherent property of CHCs, which can be characterized as nanometer size, spinning, dipolar dust grains, is that they emit in the radio-frequency region. Thus, CHCs offer a natural explanation to the anomalous microwave emission (AME) feature in the ~10-100 GHz spectral region.
EXPRESSIVE LIMITATIONS OF NAÏVE SET THEORY IN LP AND MINIMALLY INCONSISTENT LP.
Authors: THOMAS NICK
Published: February 2014

We give some negative results on the expressiveness of naïve set theory (NS) in LP and in the four variants of minimally inconsistent LP defined in Crabbé (2011): ${\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_m},{\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_ = },{\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_ \subseteq }$, and ${\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_ \supseteq }$. We show that NS in LP cannot prove the existence of sets that behave like singleton sets, Cartesian pairs, or infinitely ascending linear orders. We show that NS is close to trivial in ${\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_m}$ and ${\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_ \subseteq }$, in the sense that its only minimally inconsistent model is a one-element model. We show that NS in ${\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_ = }$ and ${\rm{L}}{{\rm{P}}_ \supseteq }$ has the same limitations we give for NS in LP.
Carbon monoxide – physiology, detection and controlled release
Authors: Heinemann Stefan H. , Hoshi Toshinori , Westerhausen Matthias , Schiller Alexander
Published: February 2014

Effector systems, sensing and controlled release of the biosignaling molecule carbon monoxide are featured.
Supercritical synthesis in combination with a spray process for 3D porous microsphere lithium iron phosphate
Authors: Kim Jae-Kwang
Published: February 2014

Supercritical synthesis in combination with a spray process for 3D porous microspheres of lithium iron phosphate.
Tetrahydropentalenyl-phosphazene constrained geometry complexes of rare-earth metal alkyls
Authors: Hangaly Noa K. , Petrov Alexander R. , Elfferding Michael , Harms Klaus , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: February 2014

A new sterically demanding rigid cyclopentadienyl chelate ligand facilitates NMR spectroscopic investigations and signal assignment of paramagnetic rare earth organometallics.
α-Aminophosphonates as novel anti-leishmanial chemotypes: synthesis, biological evaluation, and CoMFA studies
Authors: Bhagat Srikant , Shah Parth , Garg Sanjeev K. , Mishra Shweta , Kamal Kaur Preet , Singh Sushma , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: February 2014

α-Aminophosphonates have been identified as novel anti-leishmanial chemotypes against theL. donovanipromastigote with low μM range activity.
Preparation and characterization of Ti supported bimodal mesoporous catalysts using a self-assembly route combined with a ship-in-a-bottle method
Authors: Bai Shiyang , Hu Xintao , Sun Jihong , Ren Bo
Published: February 2014

The Ti supported bimodal mesoporous catalysts prepared by route II presented the higher dispersion of tetrahedrally-coordinated titanium species and activity in the epoxidation of cyclohexene as compared with route I.
Photo-redox activated drug delivery systems operating under two photon excitation in the near-IR
Authors: Guardado-Alvarez Tania M. , Devi Lekshmi Sudha , Vabre Jean-Marie , Pecorelli Travis A. , Schwartz Benjamin J. , Durand Jean-Olivier , Mongin Olivier , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Zink Jeffrey I.
Published: February 2014

We report the design and synthesis of a nano-container consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with the pore openings covered by “snap-top” caps that are opened by near-IR light.
Graphene oxide and shape-controlled silver nanoparticle hybrids for ultrasensitive single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing
Authors: Fan Wei , Lee Yih Hong , Pedireddy Srikanth , Zhang Qi , Liu Tianxi , Ling Xing Yi
Published: February 2014

Ag octahedron nanoparticles are assembled with graphene oxide (GO) sheets to form Ag octahedron@GO hybrids. Owing to the excellent chemical enhancement of GO, single particle SERS demonstrates an enhancement factor of 9 × 105, which is twice as large as that of a pure octahedron.
A factor VIII-derived peptide enables von Willebrand factor (VWF)-binding of artificial platelet nanoconstructs without interfering with VWF-adhesion of natural platelets
Authors: Haji-Valizadeh Hassan , Modery-Pawlowski Christa L. , Sen Gupta Anirban
Published: February 2014

Co-decoration of liposomal nanoconstructs with FVIII-derived VWF-binding-peptides (VBP) and active platelet-clustering fibrinogen-mimetic-peptides (FMP) allows platelet-mimetic VWF-adhesion and platelet aggregation.
Nanopatterned antimicrobial enzymatic surfaces combining biocidal and fouling release properties
Authors: Yu Qian , Ista Linnea K. , López Gabriel P.
Published: February 2014

Nanopatterned antimicrobial enzymatic surfaces were developed to control the attachment, killing and release of bacteria in response to temperature.
Carbon dioxide conversion into hydrocarbon fuels on defective graphene-supported Cu nanoparticles from first principles
Authors: Lim Dong-Hee , Jo Jun Ho , Shin Dong Yun , Wilcox Jennifer , Ham Hyung Chul , Nam Suk Woo
Published: February 2014

Density functional theory studies demonstrate that defective graphene-supported Cu nanoparticles can modify the structural and electronic properties of copper for enhancing electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrocarbon fuels (CH4, CO, and HCOOH).
Direct evidence of plasmon enhancement on photocatalytic hydrogen generation over Au/Pt-decorated TiO2nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Li Anran , Cao Shao-Wen , Bosman Michel , Li Shuzhou , Xue Can
Published: February 2014

Dual-beam photocatalytic tests with simultaneous excitation of TiO2and Au SPR directly demonstrate plasmon-enhanced hydrogen generation over Au/Pt/TiO2nanofibers.
Synthesis of PEGylated low generation dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for CT imaging applications
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Han , Xu Yanhong , Shen Mingwu , Zhao Jinglong , Zhang Guixiang , Shi Xiangyang
Published: February 2014

PEGylated low generation dendrimers can be used as templates to form gold nanoparticles for efficient computed tomography imaging applications.
Synthesis of carbon/carbon composites by hydrothermal carbonization using starch as carbon source
Authors: Haibo Ouyang , Cuiyan Li , JianFeng Huang , Jie Fei
Published: February 2014

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were fabricated by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using starch as the carbon source.
Bis(fluoromalonato)borate (BFMB) anion based ionic liquid as an additive for lithium-ion battery electrolytes
Authors: Sun Xiao-Guang , Liao Chen , Baggetto Loïc , Guo Bingkun , Unocic Raymond R. , Veith Gabriel M. , Dai Sheng
Published: February 2014

New ionic liquid BDMIm·BFMB is synthesized and used as an additive (5 wt%) in 1.0 M LiPF6/PC electrolyte to support reversible charge/discharge in graphite half-cell.
Promising alternative routes for graphene production and functionalization
Authors: Salavagione Horacio J.
Published: February 2014

Strategies often ignored could become very important for the preparation of high quality graphene and its functionalization.
Phthalimide–thiophene-based conjugated organic small molecules with high electron mobility
Authors: Sun Jon-Paul , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Eftaiha Ala'a F. , Macaulay Casper , Rutledge Lesley R. , Welch Gregory C. , Hill Ian G.
Published: February 2014

High electron mobility in a series of phthalimide–thiophene small molecules has been demonstrated when incorporated into thin film transistors.
Mixed hydrogel bead-based tumor spheroid formation and anticancer drug testing
Authors: Wang Yaolei , Wang Jinyi
Published: February 2014

A microfluidic method was developed for the formation of tumor spheroids using alginate and matrigel mixed hydrogel beads.
Slow relaxation in the first penta-aza Dy(iii) macrocyclic complex
Authors: Gavey Emma L. , Beldjoudi Yassine , Rawson Jeremy M. , Stamatatos Theocharis C. , Pilkington Melanie
Published: February 2014

The Schiff-base condensation of diacetyl pyridine with triethylenetetramine in the presence of DyCl3 affords a 15-membered N5 macrocycle that exhibits SMM-like slow relaxation of magnetization in zero field.
Melt and glass crystallization of PDMS and PDMS silica nanocomposites
Authors: Bosq Nicolas , Guigo Nathanaël , Persello Jacques , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas
Published: February 2014

Crystallization of PDMS and PDMS silica nanocomposites was studied both from the melt and from the glassy state.
Dynamics of metal uptake by charged soft biointerphases: impacts of depletion, internalisation, adsorption and excretion
Authors: Duval Jérôme F. L. , Rotureau Elise
Published: February 2014

A formalism is elaborated for deriving the dynamic partitioning of metal ions across an active, charged soft biointerphase with full account of metal depletion, transport, internalisation, adsorption and excretion processes.
Magnetic exchange in {GdIII–radical} complexes: method assessment, mechanism of coupling and magneto-structural correlations
Authors: Gupta Tulika , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: February 2014

Which functional is best suit to calculate Js in lanthanide–radical pairs?
DNA induced intense plasmonic circular dichroism of highly purified gold nanobipyramids
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Liu Di , Zhu Zhening , Han Bing , Gao Yan , Tang Zhiyong
Published: February 2014

A reversible CD response is realized through the assembly of DNA and Au nanobipyramids with the application in chiral detection.
Fabricating millimeter-scale polymeric structures for biomedical applications via a combination of UV-activated materials and daily-use tools
Authors: Yang Chung-Yao , Kuan Chen-Meng , Yeh J. Andrew , Cheng Chao-Min
Published: February 2014

Three-dimensional millimeter-scale polymeric structures can be fabricated by using UV-activated materials and daily-use tools for making PDMS-basedin vitrodiagnostic devices.
Charge and sequence effects on the self-assembly and subsequent hydrogelation of Fmoc-depsipeptides
Authors: Nguyen Mary M. , Eckes Kevin M. , Suggs Laura J.
Published: February 2014

Herein we report on the self-assembly of a family of Fmoc-depsipeptides into nanofibers and hydrogels.
Convenient and solventless preparation of pure carbon nanotube/polybenzoxazine nanocomposites with low percolation threshold and improved thermal and fire properties
Authors: Zúñiga Camilo , Bonnaud Leïla , Lligadas Gerard , Ronda Juan Carlos , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virginia , Dubois Philippe
Published: February 2014

This work contemplates the use of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as nanofillers in the preparation of bisphenol A-based polybenzoxazine and diphenolic acid derived polybenzoxazine.
Facile synthesis of very-long silver nanowires for transparent electrodes
Authors: Jiu J. , Araki T. , Wang J. , Nogi M. , Sugahara T. , Nagao S. , Koga H. , Suganuma K. , Nakazawa E. , Hara M. , Uchida H. , Shinozaki K.
Published: February 2014

Silver nanowires >60 μm have been synthesized using a polyol process without stirring at 130 °C.
Lyn kinase plays important roles in erythroid expansion, maturation and erythropoietin receptor signalling by regulating inhibitory signalling pathways that control survival
Authors: Slavova-Azmanova Neli S. , Kucera Nicole , Louw Alison , Satiaputra Jiulia , Handoko Adley , Singer Peter , Stone Leah , McCarthy David J. , Klinken S. Peter , Hibbs Margaret L. , Ingley Evan
Published: February 2014

Erythroid homoeostasis is primarily controlled by Epo (erythropoietin) receptor signalling; however, the Lyn tyrosine kinase plays an important subsidiary role in regulating the erythroid compartment. Nonetheless, specific erythroid pathways that require Lyn activity and their biological significance remain unclear. To address this, we asked what consequence loss of Lyn had on the ex vivo expansion and maturation of splenic erythroid progenitors and Epo receptor signalling. Pharmacological inhibition of Lyn with PP2 inhibited the survival of terminally differentiated erythroblasts. Less committed erythroid progenitors expanded well, whereas early splenic Lyn−/− erythroblasts had attenuated ex vivo expansion, and late stage Lyn−/− erythroblasts were retarded in completing morphological maturation ex vivo. Furthermore, immortalized Lyn−/− erythroblasts were slower growing, less viable and inhibited in their differentiation. Signalling studies showed that Lyn was required for both positive GAB2/Akt/FoxO3 (forkhead box O3) survival signals as well as negative feedback of JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)/STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) and ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) signals via SHP-1 (Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1). During differentiation, Lyn controls survival and cell cycle exit as demonstrated by reduced STAT5 and FoxO3/GSKα/β (glycogen synthase kinase α/β) phosphorylation and diminished p27Kip1 induction in Lyn-deficient erythroblasts. Lyn deficiency alters the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules (BAD and BclXL), thereby reducing survival and preventing cell cycle exit. Consequently, Lyn facilitates normal erythrocyte production by influencing different stages of erythroid progenitor expansion, and mature cell development and survival signalling.