bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myosin Va Brain-Specific Mutation Alters Mouse Behavior and Disrupts Hippocampal Synapses
Authors: Pandian Swarna , Zhao Jian-Ping , Murata Yasunobu , Bustos Fernando J. , Tunca Cansu , Almeida Ramiro D. , Constantine-Paton Martha
Published: July 2020

Myosin Va (MyoVa) is a plus-end filamentous-actin motor protein that is highly and broadly expressed in the vertebrate body, including in the nervous system. In excitatory neurons MyoVa transports cargo toward the tip of the dendritic spine, where the post-synaptic density (PSD) is formed and maintained. MyoVa mutations in humans cause neurological dysfunction, mental retardation, hypomelanation and death in infancy or childhood. Here we characterize the Flailer (Flr) mutant mouse, which is homozygous for amyo5amutation that drives high levels of mutant MyoVa (Flr protein) specifically in the CNS. Flr protein functions as a dominant-negative MyoVa, sequestering cargo and blocking its transport to the PSD. Flr mice have early seizures and mild ataxia, but mature and breed normally. Flr mice display several abnormal behaviors known to be associated with brain regions that show high expression of Flr protein. Flr mice are defective in the transport of synaptic components to the PSD and in mGluR-dependent LTD and have a reduced number of mature dendritic spines. The synaptic and behavioral abnormalities of Flr mice result in an anxiety/autism spectrum disorder (ASD)/obsessive compulsive-like phenotype similar to that of other mouse mutants with similar abnormalities. Because of the dominant-negative nature of the Flr protein, the Flr mouse offers a powerful system for the analysis of how the disruption of synaptic transport and lack of LTD can alter synaptic function, development and wiring of the brain and result in symptoms that characterize many neuropsychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Here we characterize a mutant mouse homozygous for a Myosin Va mutation named Flailer. The Flailer mutation generates a dominant-negative MyoVa transport motor protein that sequesters synaptic cargo and blocks synaptic transport, thereby resulting in an absence of LTD and in abnormal behaviors similar to those seen anxiety/Autism Spectrum disorders. We propose that the Flailer mutant can be used as a model to study how the absence of LTD disrupts brain connectivity and behavior. Moreover, by using the Flailer mutation together with gene editing technologies it should be possible to target specific brain areas to remove the mutation and recover MyoVa function, thereby interrogating the role of a specific brain region in the control of a particular behavior.
Population level consumption of cephalosporins and macrolides may select for reduced antimicrobial susceptibility to unrelated antimicrobials in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ecological analysis
Authors: Kenyon Chris
Published: July 2020

Aims

Previous studies have found positive associations between population level consumption of macrolides/cephalosporins/floroquinolones and Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivity to the same class of antimicrobial. We hypothesized that these associations may also apply to different classes of antimicrobials.

Methods

Using susceptibility data from 24 countries in the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme and antimicrobial consumption data from the IMS Health MIDAS database we built mixed effects linear regression models with country-level cephalosporin, quinolone and macrolide consumption (standard doses/ 1000 population/ year) as the explanatory variables (from 2009 to 2015) and 1-year lagged ceftriaxone, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations and percent resistance as the outcome variables (2010 to 2016).

Results

Positive associations were found between the consumption of cephalosporins and geometric mean MIC ceftriaxone, cefixime and ciprofloxacin. Macrolide consumption was associated with cefixime and ciprofloxacin geometric mean MIC as well as the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefixime.

Conclusions

Population level consumption of cephalosporins and macrolides may select for reduced antimicrobial susceptibility to unrelated antimicrobials.
Decline of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in convalescent individuals
Authors: Beaudoin-Bussières Guillaume , Laumaea Annemarie , Anand Sai Priya , Prévost Jérémie , Gasser Romain , Goyette Guillaume , Medjahed Halima , Perreault Josée , Tremblay Tony , Lewin Antoine , Gokool Laurie , Morrisseau Chantal , Bégin Philippe , Tremblay Cécile , Martel-Laferrière Valérie , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Richard Jonathan , Bazin Renée , Finzi Andrés
Published: July 2020

In the absence of effective vaccines and with limited therapeutic options, convalescent plasma is being collected across the globe for potential transfusion to COVID-19 patients. The therapy has been deemed safe and several clinical trials assessing its efficacy are ongoing. While it remains to be formally proven, the presence of neutralizing antibodies is thought to play a positive role in the efficacy of this treatment. Indeed, neutralizing titers of ≥1:160 have been recommended in some convalescent plasma trials for inclusion. Here we performed repeated analyses at one-month interval on 31 convalescent individuals to evaluate how the humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike, including neutralization, evolve over time. We observed that receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG slightly decreased between six and ten weeks after symptoms onset but RBD-specific IgM decreased much more abruptly. Similarly, we observed a significant decrease in the capacity of convalescent plasma to neutralize pseudoparticles bearing SARS-CoV-2 S wild-type or its D614G variant. If neutralization activity proves to be an important factor in the clinical efficacy of convalescent plasma transfer, our results suggest that plasma from convalescent donors should be recovered rapidly after symptoms resolution.
Embryonic Protein NODAL Regulates the Breast Tumour Microenvironment by Reprogramming Cancer-Derived Secretomes
Authors: Dieters-Castator Dylan , Dantonio Paola Marino , Piaseczny Matt , Zhang Guihua , Liu Jiahui , Kuljanin Miljan , Sherman Stephen , Jewer Michael , Quesnel Katherine , Kang Eun Young , Köbel Martin , Siegers Gabrielle M. , Leask Andrew , Hess David , Lajoie Gilles , Postovit Lynne-Marie
Published: July 2020

The tumour microenvironment (TME) is an important mediator of breast cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a major component of the TME and may originate from tissue-associated fibroblasts or infiltrating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The mechanisms by which cancer cells activate fibroblasts and recruit MSCs to the TME are largely unknown, but likely include deposition of a pro-tumourigenic secretome. The secreted embryonic protein NODAL is clinically associated with breast cancer stage and promotes tumour growth, metastasis, and vascularization. Herein, we show that NODAL expression correlates with the presence of activated fibroblasts in human triple negative breast cancers and that it directly induces CAF phenotypes. We further show that NODAL reprograms cancer cell secretomes by simultaneously altering levels of chemokines (e.g. CXCL1), cytokines (e.g. IL-6) and growth factors (e.g. PDGFRA), leading to alterations in MSC chemotaxis. We therefore demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated mechanism underlying the dynamic regulation of the TME.
Expression attenuation as a mechanism of robustness to gene duplication in protein complexes
Authors: Ascencio Diana , Diss Guillaume , Gagnon-Arsenault Isabelle , Dubé Alexandre K , DeLuna Alexander , Landry Christian R.
Published: July 2020

Gene duplication is ubiquitous and a major driver of phenotypic diversity across the tree of life, but its immediate consequences are not fully understood. Deleterious effects would decrease the probability of retention of duplicates and prevent their contribution to long term evolution. One possible detrimental effect of duplication is the perturbation of the stoichiometry of protein complexes. Here, we measured the fitness effects of the duplication of 899 essential genes in the budding yeast using high-resolution competition assays. At least ten percent of genes caused a fitness disadvantage when duplicated. Intriguingly, the duplication of most protein complex subunits had small to non-detectable effects on fitness, with few exceptions. We selected four complexes with subunits that had an impact on fitness when duplicated and measured the impact of individual gene duplications on their protein-protein interactions. We found that very few duplications affect both fitness and interactions. Furthermore, large complexes such as the 26S proteasome are protected from gene duplication by attenuation of protein abundance. Regulatory mechanisms that maintain the stoichiometric balance of protein complexes may protect from the immediate effects of gene duplication. Our results show that a better understanding of protein regulation and assembly in complexes is required for the refinement of current models of gene duplication.
Genuine-field modeling of partially coherent X-ray imaging systems
Authors: Verhoeven Antonie , Hellmann Christian , Wyrowski Frank , Idir Mourad , Turunen Jari
Published: July 2020

A genuine representation of the cross-spectral density function as a superposition of mutually uncorrelated, spatially localized modes is applied to model the propagation of spatially partially coherent light beams in X-ray optical systems. Numerical illustrations based on mode propagation with VirtualLab software are presented for imaging systems with ideal and non-ideal grazing-incidence mirrors.
Development of hybrid fire testing by real-time subdivision of physical and numerical substructures
Authors: Pinoteau Nicolas , Pham Duc Toan , Nguyen Hong Hai , Mège Romain
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a hybrid fire testing by real-time subdivision of physical and numerical substructures (NSs) on simplified structures as a milestone in the development of the method.

Design/methodology/approach

An interface where the data was exchanged between a finite element software and a hydraulic jack regulator using text files has been developed and applied to perform two experimental campaigns of nine tests on simple steel frame structures with different thermal loading conditions. In the first experimental campaign, the physical substructure (PS) was assumedly protected by insulating material, while the NS was uniformly exposed to ISO 834 fire on all sides. The difference of the second experimental campaign from the first one was that the PS was heated on one side.

Findings

The experimental results showed how a gap between the determined equilibrium position and the “real” position caused by the time lag, as well as an overshoot phenomenon due to the non-synchronized action of both substructures, may occur. From the identification of the overshoot, two paths of development spring to mind to reduce the delay of the NS.

Originality/value

In the context that the number of proposal theoretical algorithms continues to increase with the absence of real experimental adjustments, such experimental results and the associated analysis constitute additional understandings to identify possible paths of improvements that might have been missed or could not be accessed through previous studies.
Surgical Locker room Environment: Understanding the Hazards (SLEUTH) study
Authors: David Rowan , Heijkoop Bridget , A. Kahokehr Arman
Published: July 2020

Background

Anecdotal evidence reveals that medical equipment are easily found in hospital changing rooms. Access to potentially lethal drugs and intravenous access equipment may put vulnerable medical staff at risk. The aims are to quantify the burden of medical equipment found in this environment, calculate the associated cost burden and to raise clinician awareness about a potential health hazard.

Methods

We prospectively collected data on the medical paraphernalia found in surgical changing rooms from one private and two public hospitals in South Australia over 2 months. We systematically searched open surgical lockers, benches and floors in male and female lockers rooms. Item costs were calculated from Imprest and the Pharmacy Department.

Results

During the study period, we found a total of 537 items. There were 280 sharps, including 185 scalpels found in one open locker. There were 78 items of intravenous paraphernalia, 38 surgical tapes, 70 bandages and 73 miscellaneous items. In addition, there were six medications found including 3 × 5 mL vials of 1% lignocaine, one vial of lignocaine with adrenaline, one ketorolac suppository and 5 mL fentanyl. There were 529 (98.5%) items within their date of expiry. The total cost of the items was 2358 Australian dollars (AUD), with an estimated annual cost of 14 148 AUD over the three sites and 424 400 AUD over South Australia.

Conclusion

The burden of available medical supplies found in the theatre changing room is high and worrisome. Strategies for appropriate disposal and safe storage of medical equipment are required.
Orthodontic therapy teaching review at Trinity College Dublin
Authors: Wall Aoibheann , Sagheri Darius , Burns Angus
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The aim of this teaching review was to obtain feedback from graduates of the Orthodontic Therapy course from the School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, which was established in 2014.

Materials and Methods

A focus group, comprising of one to two graduates from each of the five years of the orthodontic therapy course, convened to obtain feedback. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the feedback transcribed from the focus group.

Results

Multiple themes emerged including enthusiasm, commitment, educational support, peer support and satisfaction. The graduates found the course challenging but very rewarding, helped by support from the university, mentors and peers. Satisfaction was very high from all participants with 100% reporting they would recommend the course. Suggestions emerged regarding the delivery of specific didactic components of the course and increased engagement with the specialist orthodontic mentors to ensure teaching is standardised for all trainees.

Conclusion

The course is rated very highly by the graduates and completion of this training has had a positive impact on their job satisfaction. Members of the focus group provided constructive feedback on the delivery of the course, which will contribute to its refinement for future trainees.
Mentorship availability and needs for junior faculty members at the United States and Australian dental schools
Authors: Bartle Emma K. , Crivello Brandon J. , Bullock Jeri L. , Ogbureke Ezinne I.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The aims of this study were to understand the experiences junior faculty have during their professional socialisation as educators and how they perceive the need and value of mentorship.

Methods

A cross‐sectional qualitative study design was used. Data were collected in 2019 through a pre‐survey and focus groups with junior faculty (defined as 0‐5 years) across four institutions in Australia and the United States of America. Framework analysis was used to identify themes in the data, based on our defined research questions, and socio‐cognitive career theory was applied to guide our analysis.

Results

A total of 22 junior faculty participated in the study. Only one of the four institutions had a formal mentoring programme for junior dental faculty. At this institution, 83% of participants indicated they were likely/extremely likely to remain in dental education. Across the three institutions where formal mentoring for junior dental faculty was not available, only 40% of participants indicated they were likely/extremely likely to remain in dental education. We identified five themes in the qualitative data: motivation for career choice, the importance of relationships, personal goals and the need for self‐direction, expectations of the role, and institutional effects.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that mentoring is a critical factor in a junior faculty member's experience entering and socialising into a career in dental education. The perceived value of mentoring emerged across all themes, both from the perspective of participants who had received formal mentoring and those who had not.
Application of simultaneous selective pressures slows adaptation
Authors: Merlo Lauren M. F. , Sprouffske Kathleen , Howard Taylor C. , Gardiner Kristin L. , Caulin Aleah F. , Blum Steven M. , Evans Perry , Bedalov Antonio , Sniegowski Paul D. , Maley Carlo C.
Published: July 2020

Beneficial mutations that arise in an evolving asexual population may compete or interact in ways that alter the overall rate of adaptation through mechanisms such as clonal or functional interference. The application of multiple selective pressures simultaneously may allow for a greater number of adaptive mutations, increasing the opportunities for competition between selectively advantageous alterations, and thereby reducing the rate of adaptation. We evolved a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that could not produce its own histidine or uracil for ~500 generations under one or three selective pressures: limitation of the concentration of glucose, histidine, and/or uracil in the media. The rate of adaptation was obtained by measuring evolved relative fitness using competition assays. Populations evolved under a single selective pressure showed a statistically significant increase in fitness on those pressures relative to the ancestral strain, but the populations evolved on all three pressures did not show a statistically significant increase in fitness over the ancestral strain on any single pressure. Simultaneously limiting three essential nutrients for a population of S. cerevisiae effectively slows the rate of evolution on any one of the three selective pressures applied, relative to the single selective pressure cases. We identify possible mechanisms for fitness changes seen between populations evolved on one or three limiting nutrient pressures by high‐throughput sequencing. Adding multiple selective pressures to evolving disease like cancer and infectious diseases could reduce the rate of adaptation and thereby may slow disease progression, prolong drug efficacy and prevent deaths.
Hibernating ribosomes exhibit chaperoning activity but can resist unfolded protein‐mediated subunit dissociation
Authors: Ferdosh Sehnaz , Banerjee Senjuti , Pathak Bani K. , Sengupta Jayati , Barat Chandana
Published: July 2020

Ribosome hibernation is a prominent cellular strategy to modulate protein synthesis during starvation and the stationary phase of bacterial cell growth. Translational suppression involves the formation of either factor‐bound inactive 70S monomers or dimeric 100S hibernating ribosomal complexes, the biological significance of which is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Escherichia coli 70S ribosome associated with stationary phase factors hibernation promoting factor or protein Y or ribosome‐associated inhibitor A and the 100S ribosome isolated from both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria are resistant to unfolded protein‐mediated subunit dissociation and subsequent degradation by cellular ribonucleases. Considering that the increase in cellular stress is accompanied by accumulation of unfolded proteins, such resistance of hibernating ribosomes towards dissociation might contribute to their maintenance during the stationary phase. Analysis of existing structures provided clues on the mechanism of inhibition of the unfolded protein‐mediated disassembly in case of hibernating factor‐bound ribosome. Further, the factor‐bound 70S and 100S ribosomes can suppress protein aggregation and assist in protein folding. The chaperoning activity of these ribosomes is the first evidence of a potential biological activity of the hibernating ribosome that might be crucial for cell survival under stress conditions.
Does having insurance change individuals' self‐confidence?
Authors: Guber Raphael , Kocher Martin G. , Winter Joachim
Published: July 2020

Recent research in contract theory on the effects of behavioral biases implicitly assumes that they are stable, in the sense of not being affected by the contracts themselves. In this paper, we provide evidence that this is not necessarily the case. We show that in an insurance context, being insured against losses that may be incurred in a real‐effort task changes subjects' self‐confidence. Our novel experimental design allows us to disentangle selection into insurance from the effects of being insured by randomly assigning coverage after subjects revealed whether they want to be insured or not. We find that uninsured subjects are underconfident while those that obtain insurance have well‐calibrated beliefs. Our results suggest that there might be another mechanism through which insurance affects behavior than just moral hazard.
Mountain linguistics
Authors: Urban Matthias
Published: July 2020

Language use in mountainous areas often exhibits special social dynamics. This contribution sketches some of the most salient patterns of language use in upland Southeast Asia ,the greater Himalayas, the Caucasus, the Central Andes, the New Guinea highlands, and touches upon the Alps and some highland areas of Africa and North America. Accumulated over long time, such patterns of use yield particular—often highly diverse, fragmented, and discontinuous—distributions of languages and language families in geographical space the precise characteristics of which also depend on prevailing local sociolinguistic and socioeconomic conditions. Generalization are still difficult since most observations are anecdotal rather than systematic: as far as language structure is concerned, languages spoken in mountainous regions are traditionally often attributed a “conservative” or “archaic” character, preserving inherited traits and patterns that are lost elsewhere; the inaccessibility of the terrain and the resulting relative social isolation are commonly invoked to explain this situation. More recently, mountain languages have also been claimed to feature peaks in the distribution of some typological properties, whether due to sociogeographical factors or, more controversially, even direct influences of the environment: ejectives, grammatical encoding of elevational or topographic information, and overall high levels of structural complexity.
Alendronic acid‐induced oral mucosal ulceration: two case reports
Authors: McLean S. , Kelly R. , Rajlawat B. , Field A.
Published: July 2020

Alendronic acid is generally a well‐tolerated medication, however, there are well‐established adverse effects known within dentistry, such as medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw and upper gastro‐intestinal disturbances, particularly erosive oesophagitis. There is growing evidence of bisphosphonate‐induced oral ulcerations and this diagnosis needs to be considered for patients presenting with unexplained oral ulceration. An 84‐year‐old female patient with dementia presented at our emergency dental department with severe, painful oromucosal ulceration. Haematological investigation, including Indirect‐immunofluorescence demonstrated no abnormalities. Therefore, the likely diagnosis was that of chemically induced traumatic ulceration. The patient was managed through the cessation of alendronic acid, and the use of both topical and systemic corticosteroids. A 68‐year‐old female patient with learning difficulties presented with ulceration in the lower buccal sulcus following an urgent referral. The patients carer reported persistent difficulty in the swallowing of medicines, with medications regularly ‘pouched’ in the patients cheeks. Due to patient distress no further investigations were completed. Clinically, the lesion was characteristic of chemically induced traumatic ulceration. We therefore encouraged the continuation of liquid form alendronic acid. At a 2 week review, the ulceration had fully resolved. Alendronic acid‐induced ulceration should be considered for patients presenting with oral ulceration, particularly in those with cognitive impairments. There needs to be increased awareness of alendronic acid‐induced oral ulceration among prescribers, particularly in patients ‘at risk’. Alternate preparations of this medication such as dispersible tablets and an oral solution are available.
RHOA mutation in follicular T‐cell lymphoma: Clinicopathological analysis of 16 cases
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroaki , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Shimono Joji , Yoshida Noriaki , Hattori Keiichiro , Arakawa Fumiko , Yanagida Eriko , Takeuchi Mai , Yamada Kyohei , Suzuki Takaharu , Moritsubo Mayuko , Furuta Takuya , Chiba Shigeru , Ohshima Koichi
Published: July 2020

Follicular T‐cell lymphoma (FTCL) is considered to originate from follicular helper T‐cell (Tfh) cells. Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) and peripheral T‐cell lymphomas with the Tfh phenotype, derived from Tfh cells, often harbor RHOA G17V mutation. We investigated whether RHOA mutations affect the clinicopathological features of FTCL. We performed deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing for RHOA exon 2 in 16 cases of FTCL. Nine cases showed RHOA mutations, including eight with c.G50T, p.Gly17Val and one with c.G50A, p.Gly17Glu, c.A52G, p.Lys18Glu, c.T102C, p.Tyr34Tyr and c.G145T, p.Asp49Tyr. Compared to the RHOA mutation‐negative group, the RHOA mutation‐positive group had a higher tendency for B‐immunoblasts (P = 0.06), the AITL component (P = 0.09), and higher positive rate for CD10 (P = 0.09) and BCL6 (P = 0.09), and a significantly higher positive rate for CXCL13 (P = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, the RHOA mutation‐positive group showed higher values for almost all characteristic AITL features. There was no significant difference in overall survival between RHOA mutation‐positive and ‐negative groups. The RHOA mutation may play an important role in clinicopathological characteristics and lymphomagenesis of FTCL. A more detailed investigation is needed to highlight the importance of RHOA mutations in FTCL.
Amplification of Operational Uncertainty Induced by Nonideal Flows in Supersonic Turbine Cascades
Authors: Romei Alessandro , Vimercati Davide , Guardone Alberto , Persico Giacomo
Published: July 2020

In high-temperature transcritical organic Rankine cycles (ORCs), the expansion process may take place in the neighborhood of the thermodynamic critical point. In this region, many organic fluids feature a value of the fundamental derivative of gas dynamics Γ that is less than unity. As a consequence, severe nonideal gas-dynamic effects can be possibly observed. Examples of these nonideal effects are the nonmonotonic variation of the Mach number along an isentropic expansion, oblique shocks featuring an increase of the Mach number, and a significant dependence of the flow field on the upstream total state. To tackle this latter nonideal effect, an uncertainty-quantification strategy combined with Reynolds-averaged flow simulations is devised to evaluate the turbine performance in presence of operational uncertainty. The results clearly indicate that a highly nonideal expansion process leads to an amplification of the operational uncertainty. Specifically, given an uncertainty in the order of 1% in cycle nominal conditions, the mass flow rate and cascade losses vary ±4% and ±0.75 percentage points, respectively. These variations are four and six times larger than those prompted by an ideal-like expansion process. The flow delivered to the first rotating cascade is severely altered as well, leading to local variations in the rotor incidence angle up to 10 deg. A decomposition of variance contributions reveals that the uncertainty in the upstream total temperature is mainly responsible for these variations. Finally, the understanding of the physical mechanism behind these changes allows us to generalize the present findings to other organic-fluid flows.
Benefits, Drawbacks, and Future Trends of Brayton Helium Gas Turbine Cycles for Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor and Very-High Temperature Reactor Generation IV Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Gad-Briggs Arnold , Osigwe Emmanuel , Pilidis Pericles , Nikolaidis Theoklis , Sampath Suresh , Teixeira Joao Amaral
Published: July 2020

Numerous studies are on-going on to understand the performance of generation IV (Gen IV) nuclear power plants (NPPs). The objective is to determine optimum operating conditions for efficiency and economic reasons in line with the goals of Gen IV. For Gen IV concepts such as the gas-cooled fast reactors (GFRs) and very-high temperature reactors (VHTRs), the choice of cycle configuration is influenced by component choices, the component configuration and the choice of coolant. The purpose of this paper to present and review current cycles being considered—the simple cycle recuperated (SCR) and the intercooled cycle recuperated (ICR). For both cycles, helium is considered as the coolant in a closed Brayton gas turbine configuration. Comparisons are made for design point (DP) and off-design point (ODP) analyses to emphasize the pros and cons of each cycle. This paper also discusses potential future trends, include higher reactor core outlet temperatures (COT) in excess of 1000 °C and the simplified cycle configurations.
A basal-bolus insulin regimen integrated microneedle patch for intraday postprandial glucose control
Authors: Chen Bo Zhi , Zhang Li Qin , Xia Yi Yun , Zhang Xiao Peng , Guo Xin Dong
Published: July 2020

Integrated microneedle patch serves as substitutes for multiple daily insulin injections.
Chirality-induced bacterial rheotaxis in bulk shear flows
Authors: Jing Guangyin , Zöttl Andreas , Clément Éric , Lindner Anke
Published: July 2020

Experimental orientation distributions reveal scaling laws of bacterial rheotaxis explained using noisy dynamical systems.
MiR-448 targets BLC2 and inhibits the growth of pituitary adenoma cells
Authors: He Chao , Yang Jun , Ding Jiawang , Li Song , Wu Hui , Zhou Fei , Teng Lin , Yang Jian
Published: July 2020

There is an increasing body of evidence indicating the important roles of miRNAs in the progression of pituitary adenoma. Recent studies have shown decreased expression and tumor suppressive function of miR-448 in cancers; however, the clinical significance of miR-448 in pituitary adenoma has remained largely unknown. In our study, we found that miR-448 was down-regulated in pituitary adenoma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-448 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of pituitary adenoma cells. Increased cell apoptosis was also observed with overexpression of miR-448. To further understand the mechanisms behind the regulation of pituitary adenoma by miR-448 in, the targets of miR-448 were predicted using the bioinformatics tools. B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) was identified as a target of miR-448. MiR-448 bound the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of BCL2 and inhibited the expression of BCL2 in pituitary adenoma cells. There was a consistent and significantly negative correlation between the level of miR-448 and BCL2 in pituitary adenoma tissues. When BCL2 was highly expressed, the inhibitory impact of miR-448 on the proliferation and apoptosis of pituitary adenoma cells was significantly inhibited. Collectively, our findings emphasize the significance of the miR-448–BCL2 axis in the development of pituitary adenoma, highlighting the potential therapeutic significance of miR-448 in pituitary adenoma.
Impact of climatic factors at specific growth stages on soybean soyasaponin I concentration
Authors: Tang Ruixue , Seguin Philippe , Morrison Malcolm , Smedbol Elise
Published: July 2020

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important source of health-beneficial compounds, including soyasaponin I. A field study was conducted for 11 yr in Ottawa, ON, Canada, to assess the impacts of temperature and precipitation during specific growth stage intervals on soyasaponin I concentration in three soybean cultivars. Soyasaponin I concentration response to air temperature and precipitation variables were observed at specific growth stage intervals for some cultivars. The response was complex and cultivar specific. Overall, reproductive stages were more responsive and 20 °C appeared to be a critical threshold in determining soybean soyasaponin I concentration response to air temperature.
Dietrich Stauffer (1943–2019)
Authors: Herrmann Hans J. , de Oliveira Paulo Murilo C. , Schadschneider Andreas
Published: July 2020

Prof. Dr. H. C. Dietrich Stauffer passed away on August 6, 2019 after a long battle with cancer. He was for many years the Managing Editor of International Journal of Modern Physics C. The scientific community of statistical and computational physics has lost one of its prominent figures, who has shaped the field for over almost five decades.
A 3D solid model reconstruction system from only two views for CAD/CAM/CAE/CNC
Authors: Hoang Long
Published: July 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) CAD models are useful for applications in the areas of CAD/CAM/CAE/CAQ. A desirous trend creating this model is a 3D model reconstruction from views. With this method, geometric information can be easily entered into computers while continuing to use existing 2D drawings in modern applications. Most of the previous works used three views as the input despite many common parts represented by only two views. A reconstruction system using only two views is the subject of this work. The proposed method has been implemented and tested by an Objectarx 2015 program running on AutoCAD 2018. The resultant 3D Solid model has been evaluated for compatibility with CAM/CAQ/CNC systems.
Experimental research on determining the vertical tyre force of a tractor semi-trailer
Authors: Tung Nguyen Thanh , Huong Vo Van , Kiet Phan Tuan
Published: July 2020

The vertical tyre force is crucial to the study of the dynamics of a tractor semi-trailer. The paper presents an experimental method for determining the vertical tyre force by determining the vertical acceleration of the un-sprung mass and the vertical acceleration of the sprung mass when the tractor semi-trailer moves. The results of this study form the basis for determining the dynamic tyre force without the installing of sensors on road.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Partial Logistic Regression Model Using Ridge Methodology
Authors: Hesamian Gholamreza , Akbari Mohammad Ghasem , Roozbeh Mehdi
Published: July 2020

This paper applies a ridge estimation approach in an existing partial logistic regression model with exact predictors, intuitionistic fuzzy responses, intuitionistic fuzzy coefficients and intuitionistic fuzzy smooth function to improve an existing intuitionistic fuzzy partial logistic regression model in the presence of multicollinearity. For this purpose, ridge methodology is also involved to estimate the parametric intuitionistic fuzzy coefficients and nonparametric intuitionistic fuzzy smooth function. Some common goodness-of-fit criteria are also used to examine the performance of the proposed regression model. The potential application of the proposed method are illustrated and compared with the intuitionistic partial logistic regression model through two numerical examples. The results clearly indicate the proposed ridge method is quite efficient in model’s performances when there is multicollinearity among the predictors.
On 3-total edge product cordial labeling of grid
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Hasni Roslan , Irfan Muhammad , Naseem Maria , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran
Published: July 2020

Let us consider a mapping [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an integer, [Formula: see text]. The mapping [Formula: see text] induces for every vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] the label [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) denote the number of edges (vertices) in [Formula: see text] that are labeled with the number [Formula: see text] under the labeling [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].

The function [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial labeling of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. A graph [Formula: see text] with a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial labeling is called a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial graph.

In this paper, we prove that the grid graph [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] admits a [Formula: see text]-total edge product cordial labeling.
Small function sharing results on uniqueness of meromorphic functions concerning differential polynomials
Authors: Rahaman Md Majibur , Kaish Imrul
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness problems of meromorphic functions concerning differential polynomials sharing a small function. In particular, the resuts of the paper improve the results due to Waghamore and Anand [11].
Gallium nitride films grown on AlN/sapphire templates
Authors: Wu Jin
Published: July 2020

High-quality GaN films were grown on AlN/c-sapphire templates by MOVPE with Hall mobility of 802 cm2/V.s and carrier concentration of 8.1x1016/cm3 at 300K have achieved. The film low dislocation density of 5x107 cm-2 and X-ray rocking curve FWHM of 101 and 250 arcsec for the (0004) and (20-24) reflections were also obtained, respectively.
A Novel Putative Role of TNK1 in Atherosclerotic Inflammation Implicating the Tyk2/STAT1 Pathway
Authors: Bao Mei-Hua , Lv Qiao-Li , Li Hai-Gang , Zhang Yi-Wen , Xu Bao-Feng , He Bin-Sheng
Published: July 2020

Objective. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is responsible for many clinical manifestations. The present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory functions and mechanisms of TNK1 in atherosclerosis. Methods. The ApoE(-/-) mice and human carotid endarterectomy (CEA) atherosclerotic plaques were used to investigate the differential expression of TNK1. The ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or normal-fat diet (NFD) for 8 weeks; the aorta was separated and stained with oil red O to evaluate the formation of atherosclerosis. TNK1 in mice aorta was measured by qPCR. The human CEA were obtained and identified as ruptured and stable plaques. The level of TNK1 was measured by qPCR and Western-blot staining. Further studies were conducted in THP-1 cells to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of TNK1. We induced the formation of macrophages by incubating THP-1 cells with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Afterwards, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was used to stimulate the inflammation, and the secretion of inflammatory factors was measured by ELISA and qPCR. The levels of TNK1, total STAT1 and Tyk2, and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and Tyk2 were measured by western blot to uncover the mechanisms of TNK1. Results. The oil red O staining indicated obvious deposition of lipid on the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice after 8-week HFD treatment. The TNK1 level was much higher in both the HFD-fed ApoE(-/-) mice aorta arch and the ruptured human CEA plaques. We found that TNK1 was highly expressed in THP-1 cells, compared to other atherosclerotic related cells (HUVEC, HBMEC, and HA-VSMC), indicating TNK1 might be involved in the inflammation. Suppressing the expression of TNK1 by shTNK1 inhibited the oxLDL-induced secretion of inflammatory factors, such as IL-12, IL-6, and TNF-α. ShTNK1 also inhibited the uptake of lipid and decreased the cellular cholesterol content in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the shTNK1 suppressed the oxLDL-induced phosphorylation of Tyk2 and STAT1. Conclusion. TNK1 participated in the inflammation in atherosclerosis. shTNK1 suppressed the oxLDL-induced inflammation and lipid deposition in THP-1 cells. The mechanism might be related to the Tyk2/STAT signal pathway.
Modification data attack inside computer systems: a critical review
Authors: Kaviani J Vahid , Doval Amiri Parvin Ahmadi , Zamani Brujeni Farsad , Akhlaghi Nima
Published: July 2020

This paper is a review of types of modification data attack based on computer systems and it explores the vulnerabilities and mitigations. Altering information is a kind of cyber-attack during which intruders interfere, catch, alter, take or erase critical data on the PCs and applications through using network exploit or by running malicious executable codes on victim's system. One of the most difficult and trendy areas in information security is to protect the sensitive information and secure devices from any kind of threats. Latest advancements in information technology in the field of information security reveal huge amount of budget funded for and spent on developing and addressing security threats to mitigate them. This helps in a variety of settings such as military, business, science, and entertainment. Considering all concerns, the security issues almost always come at first as the most critical concerns in the modern time. As a matter of fact, there is no ultimate security solution; although recent developments in security analysis are finding daily vulnerabilities, there are many motivations to spend billions of dollars to ensure there are vulnerabilities waiting for any kind of breach or exploit to penetrate into the systems and networks and achieve particular interests. In terms of modifying data and information, from old-fashioned attacks to recent cyber ones, all of the attacks are using the same signature: either controlling data streams to easily breach system protections or using non-control-data attack approaches. Both methods can damage applications which work on decision-making data, user input data, configuration data, or user identity data to a large extent. In this review paper, we have tried to express trends of vulnerabilities in the network protocols’ applications.
«Las voces infantiles llegan a ser tan potentes que es imposible no escucharlas»: entrevista a Susana Sosenski
Authors: Amador Baquiro Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

Susana Sosenski es licenciada en Estudios Latinoamericanos por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Unam) y doctora en historia por El Colegio de México. Adelantó una estancia posdoctoral en el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Unam. Desde 2010 está vinculada al Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de esta misma universidad y está adscrita al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores en el Programa de Primas al Desempeño del Personal Académico de Tiempo Completo de México.

La doctora Sosenski ha sido pionera en indagar la presencia de los niños y las niñas en la historia de México y América Latina y el Caribe. Si bien existen abundantes trabajos historiográficos de la infancia en la región, especialmente construidos desde el análisis crítico de los discursos de la protección y las políticas de representación sobre la infancia y la familia, las investigaciones de Susana Sosenski auscultan distintas formas de participación infantil en la historia y develan la capacidad de agencia y resistencia de estos actores sociales en medio de condiciones adversas, intervenidas casi siempre por la experiencia colonial y sus respectivas herencias: adultocentrismo, clasismo, patriarcado y racismo.
АДИКТИВНИЙ СТАТУС ПРЕДСТАВНИКІВ КОМАНДНОГО І РОБІТНИЧОГО СКЛАДУ МОРСЬКОГО ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОГО ФЛОТУ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНОГО СТРЕСУ
Authors: Markova M. V. , Kosenko K. A. , Gaponov K. D.
Published: July 2020

Мета: дослідити напруженість адиктивного статусу (АС) у моряків торговельного морського флоту з різним рівнем психосоціального стресу (ПС) для визначення необхідності створення специфічних для даного контингенту системних заходів з охорони їхнього психічного здоровʼя.

Матеріали і методи. На засадах інформованої згоди з дотриманням принципів біоетики і деонтології протягом 2016–2019 рр. було обстежено 200 осіб представників морського торговельного флоту: 110 членів командного складу (КТФ) та 90 робітників (РТФ). Дослідження включало використання клініко-психопатологічного і психодіагностичного методів.

Результати. У результаті дослідження встановлено, що у представників торговельного морського флоту в міжрейсовий період виявлена підвищена напруженість АС за обʼєктами хімічного і нехімічного походження, рівень якої прямо асоційований з вираженістю ПС. Загальним трендом динаміки АС у представників торговельного морського флоту, як за обʼєктами хімічного, так і нехімічного походження, є збільшення інтенсивності адиктивної реалізації з наростанням психосоціального стресового навантаження.

Напруженість АС у РТФ є значно вищою, ніж у КТФ (крім роботи), в усіх межах адиктивної реалізації та діапазонах стресового навантаження. Серед осіб із низьким ПС, незалежно від професійної специфіки, напруженість АС адиктивними обʼєктами і хімічного, і нехімічного походження знаходиться в межах безпечного вживання, що значно відрізняється від АС в осіб з помірним і тяжким рівнем ПС. Захопленість хімічними обʼєктами (тютюн, кава/чай) в осіб із помірним рівнем ПС виражена в межах вживання зі шкідливими наслідками, з тяжким ПС – небезпечного вживання, а нехімічними – в межах вживання зі шкідливими наслідками зі зростанням показників асоційовано зі збільшенням ПС.

Висновки. Виявлені закономірності повинні враховувати при розробці специфічних заходів психотерапії і психопрофілактики для даного контингенту, що становить перспективу цього дослідження.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ПОТРЕБ ПАЦІЄНТІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ НАДАННЯ ПАЛІАТИВНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ НА АМБУЛАТОРНОМУ РІВНІ
Authors: Detsyk O. Z. , Bratsyun O. P.
Published: July 2020

Мета: вивчити потреби пацієнтів, яким надають паліативну допомогу на амбулаторному рівні. Матеріали і методи. Опитано 219 пацієнтів, яким надавали паліативну допомогу вдома, мешканців м. Ужгорода. Використано соціологічний та медико-статистичний методи. Результати. Встановлено, що тотальна більшість (97,1 %) пацієнтів у термінальній стадії тяжкої хвороби хоче, щоб їм надавали паліативну допомогу за місцем проживання і бути поінформована про свій діагноз та прогноз (98,2 %). Виявлено, що сімейні лікарі у процесі взаємодії з паліативними пацієнтами допускають такі окремі недоліки, як: не проведення оцінки ступеня болю (12,3 %), відсутність обговорення з пацієнтами форми приймання знеболювальних (15,4 %), неповна корекція болю (22,1 %) та інших супутніх симптомів (26,8 %), недостатнє консультування родичів (41,2 %). Показано, що паліативні пацієнти мають значну потребу в психологічній (78,4 %), духовній (79,6 %) та соціальній (78,5 %) підтримці. При цьому на тлі загально низького рівня їх матеріального благополуччя (64,3 %) основними доглядальниками (83,1 %) та джерелом психологічної підтримки (71,0 %) є родичі пацієнтів при недостатній участі психологів, соціальних працівників та священнослужителів. Висновки. Для забезпечення медичних, інформаційних, психологічних, соціальних та духовних потреб паліативних хворих необхідно удосконалювати підготовку сімейних лікарів із питань паліативної допомоги та налагодити координацію їхніх дій з мобільними паліативними та соціальними службами.