bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature Review on Diversity and Inclusion at Workplace, 2010–2017
Authors: Garg Shalini , Sangwan Snehlata
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The article highlights various studies conducted in the field of diversity and inclusion at workplace. This helps us to understand the evolution of diversity and inclusion and identify future research gaps.

Methodology:

The article employs a citation analysis technique to analyse the citation index of journals and authors based on the data collected from various databases such as Social Sciences Citation Index, Emerging Sources Citation Index, and SCImago (2010–2017). For the analysis, journals relevant to the field of management related to diversity and inclusion in the area of management were selected from the database of 254,617 journals.

Finding:

A literature review analysis was commissioned to focus on diversity and inclusion at workplace and its research trends from 2010 to 2017. The varied meanings and interpretations of the terms ‘diversity and inclusion’ make it ripe for examining the literature on diversity and that of inclusion to offer a deeper and nuanced understanding of their meanings and conceptualizations. The review analysis suggests that there is a rich body of research in the area of diversity and its related outcomes. Since inclusion has emerged as a fairly recent area of exploration, more research is required in the area of inclusion and its related outcomes.

Originality/value:

The article is original and holds significance as inclusion has only recently entered the lexicon of popular discourse. Further, this study may benefit research scholars from management seeking understanding about research trends and emerging trends in the area of diversity and inclusion.
Health Literacy and Its Mediating Role in Predicting Health Behaviors Among Chinese Secondary Students
Authors: Guo Shuaijun , Naccarella Lucio , Yu Xiaoming , Armstrong Rebecca , Browne Geoffrey , Shi Yanqin , Davis Elise
Published: December 2020

While health literacy research in mainland China has gained increasing attention, most studies focus on adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of health literacy in the relationship between a range of upstream factors and health behaviors among Chinese secondary students. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 650 students in Years 7 to 9 from four secondary schools in Beijing. Based on an adapted health literacy framework from Manganello, a self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect information on upstream factors, health literacy, and health behaviors. Path analysis results showed that the proposed framework was mostly supported by empirical data after modification indices were examined and 3 direct paths were added. Students’ self-efficacy, social support, and school environment were associated with health literacy, which in turn predicted health behaviors. A holistic approach is needed to improve both adolescent health literacy and health behaviors for Chinese school-aged adolescents.
Understanding the drivers of bottlenecks in RANZCP training: modelling and a calculator to determining sustainable trainee intake
Authors: Northwood Korinne , Cabral Sidney , Cutbush Jimsie , Stedman Terry , Parker Stephen
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

Demand for places in postgraduate psychiatry training programmes has increased over recent years. All systems have capacity limits, and concerns have been raised regarding the sustainability of the current intake. This paper presents a modelling exercise to exploring the presence and strategies to resolve bottleneck in the Queensland training programme.

Methods:

Mathematical modelling based on the RANZCP training regulations and the characteristics of the accredited training programme.

Results:

A training bottleneck was identified which has been impacted by increased training intake, demand for Advanced Training certificates, and location factors.

Conclusions:

This investigation raises important questions regarding the future management of postgraduate training in psychiatry in Queensland that may be applicable more widely across Australia and New Zealand. In particular, it highlights the large impact that can result from even small incremental increases in trainees across varying levels of the postgraduate programme and the importance of limiting trainee intake in a manner proportional to the availability of mandatory terms.
Women Hold Up Half the Sky? Informal Institutions, Entrepreneurial Decisions, and Gender Gap in Venture Performance
Authors: Zhao Eric Yanfei , Yang Ling
Published: December 2020

Studies that apply gender role congruity theory (GRCT) have focused on resource providers’ biased evaluations and women entrepreneurs’ internalization of gender stereotypes as primary mechanisms explaining the gender gap in venture performance. We provide an institutional foundation for GRCT and argue that informal political–cultural institutions—namely, government interference in market-based competition and cultural beliefs regarding gender inequality—differentially shape male versus female entrepreneurs’ venture performance through their influences on entrepreneurs’ industry selection and participation in after-work social activities. Our study of 7,626 Chinese entrepreneurial firms provides strong support for our arguments and contributes to women’s entrepreneurship theory and practice.
Bioidentical Oral 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
Authors: Woodis C. Brock , Ghassemi Emily , McLendon Amber N.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To review the efficacy, safety, and available literature regarding the novel combination bioidentical product Bijuva, or 17β-estradiol/progesterone (17β-E/P), for the treatment of moderate to severe menopausal symptoms in cisgender females with an intact uterus.

Data Sources

Literature searches of both PubMed (1966 to October 2020) and Google Scholar were conducted using search terms including bioidentical, estradiol, progesterone, menopause, E2/P4, TX-001HR, and Bijuva.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

All articles with studies conducted in cisgender human females and in the English language were considered for review; 18 publications were included.

Data Synthesis

In 1 phase 3 clinical study, 17β-E/P was proven to be effective at reducing the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) at 12 weeks compared with placebo, and no cases of endometrial hyperplasia were observed over the 52-week safety study period. Menopausal women with an intact uterus were included in the study population.

Relevance to Patient Care and Practice

Concerns over content and safety of compounded bioidentical hormones have been raised by several professional societies. As women experience VMS of menopause, a desire for a Food and Drug Administration–regulated bioidentical combination product for the treatment of moderate to severe menopausal symptoms may be desirable. Given as a once-daily oral capsule at the dose of 1 mg estradiol/100 mg progesterone, 17β-E/P is approved for the treatment of VMS associated with menopause.

Conclusions

17β-E/P is a novel bioidentical product that is the first of its kind in the treatment of moderate to severe menopausal symptoms.
Trauma Symptoms and Relationship With Child and Family Team Meeting Characteristics and Outcomes in a Statewide System of Care
Authors: Schreier Alayna , Horwitz Mark , Marshall Tim , Bracey Jeana , Cummins Mary , Kaufman Joy S.
Published: December 2020

Systems of care (SOCs) are comprehensive, community-based services for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders. For these youth, little is known about how trauma symptoms influence participation in SOC care coordination through the Child and Family Team (CFT) meeting. The current study assessed the extent to which exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and trauma symptoms were associated with participation in CFTs and youth and family outcomes. Participants were 464 youth ( Mage = 11.02, SD = 3.72) and their caregivers. Families completed measures of youth and caregiver functioning, PTEs, and trauma symptoms at enrollment and 6-months follow-up. Care coordinators completed surveys assessing CFT characteristics following each meeting and assessments of youth functioning. Moderated multiple regression analyses tested the conditional effects of youth trauma symptoms on the relationships between CFT characteristics and youth and caregiver outcomes. Trauma symptoms moderated the relationship between the number of days to the first CFT meeting and youth impairment and the relationship between CFT meeting duration and youth impairment. Results suggest the presence of trauma and other contextual factors contributed to difficulty in initiating services and to changes in youth impairment. Implications for the provision of trauma-informed SOC services are discussed.
Healthcare Provider Perspectives on Lowering Colorectal Cancer Screening Initiation Age to 45 Years: Results From a Survey of Clinicians in the U.S.
Authors: Rutten Lila J. Finney , Parks Philip , Weiser Emily , Zhu Xuan , Griffin Joan M. , Limburg Paul J.
Published: December 2020

We conducted a survey of primary care clinicians and gastroenterologists (n = 938) between 11/06/19–12/06/19 to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding colorectal cancer screening. We assessed clinicians’ attitudes toward lowering the colorectal cancer screening initiation age to 45 years, a topic of current debate. We also evaluated provider and practice characteristics associated with agreement. Only 38.1% of primary care clinicians endorsed colorectal cancer screening initiation at age 45 years, compared to 75.5% of gastroenterologists (p < .0001). Gastroenterologists were over 5 times more likely than primary care clinicians to endorse lowering the screening initiation age (OR = 5.30, 3.54-7.93). Other factors found to be independently associated with agreement with colorectal cancer screening initiation at age 45 years included seeing more than 25 patients per day (vs. fewer) and suburban (vs. urban) location. Results emphasize the need for collaboration between primary care clinicians and gastroenterologists to ensure that patients receive consistent messaging and evidence-based care.
Imbalanced Subthreshold Currents Following Sepsis and Chemotherapy: A Shared Mechanism Offering a New Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Rich Mark M. , Housley Stephen N. , Nardelli Paul , Powers Randall K. , Cope Timothy C.
Published: December 2020

Both sepsis and treatment of cancer with chemotherapy are known to cause neurologic dysfunction. The primary defects seen in both groups of patients are neuropathy and encephalopathy; the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Analysis of preclinical models of these disparate conditions reveal similar defects in ion channel function contributing to peripheral neuropathy. The defects in ion channel function extend to the central nervous system where lower motoneurons are affected. In motoneurons the defect involves ion channels responsible for subthreshold currents that convert steady depolarization into repetitive firing. The inability to correctly translate depolarization into steady, repetitive firing has profound effects on motor function, and could be an important contributor to weakness and fatigue experienced by both groups of patients. The possibility that disruption of function, either instead of, or in addition to neurodegeneration, may underlie weakness and fatigue leads to a novel approach to therapy. Activation of serotonin (5HT) receptors in a rat model of sepsis restores the normal balance of subthreshold currents and normal motoneuron firing. If an imbalance of subthreshold currents also occurs in other central nervous system neurons, it could contribute to encephalopathy. We hypothesize that pharmacologically restoring the proper balance of subthreshold currents might provide effective therapy for both neuropathy and encephalopathy in patients recovering from sepsis or treatment with chemotherapy.
Results of a pre-implementation analysis of Ethiopia’s National Pediatric Cancer Registry
Authors: Buhlinger Kaitlyn M , Borlagdan Jared , Agegnehu Bemnat , Fentie Atalay M , Bernstein Adam T , Urick Benjamin Y , Roberts Megan , Weitzman Sheila , Bekele Wondwessen , Korones David , Alexander Thomas B , Broas Julie , Shad Aziza , Dinkiye Ali Mamude , Clark Stephen M , Adam Hayleyesus , Hailu Daniel , Muluneh Benyam
Published: December 2020

In Ethiopia, cancer accounts for about 5.8% of total national mortality, with an estimated annual incidence of cancer of approximately 60,960 cases and an annual mortality of over 44,000 persons. This is likely an underestimation. Survival rates for pediatric malignancies are likewise suboptimal although exact figures are unknown since a national cancer registry is unavailable. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides recommendations for the creation of cancer registries to track such data. Here we describe our pharmacist-led, pre-implementation assessment of introducing an enhanced national pediatric cancer registry in Ethiopia. Our assessment project had three specific aims around which the methods were designed: 1) characterization of the current spreadsheet-based tool across participating sites, including which variables were being collected, how these variables compared to standards set by the WHO, and a description of how the data were entered and its completeness; 2) assessment of the perceptions of an enhanced registry from hospital staff; and 3) evaluation of workflow gaps regarding documentation. The hospital staff and leadership have generally positive perceptions of an enhanced pediatric cancer registry, which were further improved by our interactions. The workflow assessment revealed several gaps, which were addressed systematically using a three-phase implementation science approach. The assessment also demonstrated that the existing spreadsheet-based tool was missing WHO-recommended variables and had inconsistent completion due to the workflow gaps. A pediatric oncology summary sheet will be implemented in upcoming trips in patient charts to better summarize the patients’ journey starting from diagnosis. This document will be used by the data clerks in an enhanced-spreadsheet to have a more complete data set.
Spotlight on New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Pneumonia
Authors: Russo Alessandro
Published: December 2020

In the last years, the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (mostly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) was worldwide reported, limiting the options for an effective antibiotic therapy. For these reasons, inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and delayed prescription can lead to an unfavorable outcome, especially in patients with pneumonia. New antibiotics approved belong to classes of antimicrobials, like beta-lactams with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, and tetracyclines, or based on new mechanisms of action. These new compounds show many advantages, including a broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens, good lung penetration, safety and tolerability, and finally the possibility of intravenous and/or oral formulations. However, the new antibiotics under development represent an important possible armamentarium against difficult-to-treat strains. The safety and clinical efficacy of these future drugs should be tested in clinical practice. In this review, there are reported characteristics of newly approved antibiotics that represent potential future options for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the characteristics of the drugs under development are briefly reported.
Livestreaming from the bedroom: Performing intimacy through domestic space on Twitch
Authors: Ruberg Bonnie ‘Bo’ , Lark Daniel
Published: December 2020

This article looks at the appearance of domestic spaces on the popular livestreaming platform Twitch.tv, with a focus on livestreams that appear to be shot in streamers’ bedrooms. Many Twitch streamers broadcast from their homes, making domestic space central to questions of placemaking for this rapidly growing digital media form. Within the home, bedrooms merit particular attention because they carry particular cultural connotations; they are associated with intimacy, embodiment, and erotics. Drawing from observations of gaming and nongaming streams, we map where bedrooms do and do not appear on Twitch. We locate the majority of bedrooms in categories that foreground connections between streamers and viewers, like Just Chatting, Music & Performing Arts, and autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR). By contrast, across a wide range of video game genres, bedrooms remain largely absent from gaming streams. The presence of bedrooms on Twitch also breaks down along gender lines, with women streaming being far more likely to broadcast from their bedrooms than men. Here, we build from existing research on both livestreaming and digital placemaking to argue for an understanding of place on Twitch as fundamentally performative. This performance is inherently gendered and bound up with the affective labor of streaming. In addition, we demonstrate how the bedroom, even when it does not appear on screen, can be understood as a ‘structuring logic’ of placemaking on Twitch. Given the history of livestreaming, which grows out of women’s experiments with online ‘lifecasting’, the bedroom sets expectations for the type of spatial and emotional access a stream is imagined to offer viewers. In this sense, the absence of bedrooms in gaming streams can be understood as a disavowal of intimate domestic space: an attempt by predominantly male streamers to distance themselves from the implicit parallels between livestreaming and practices like webcam modeling.
‘Health First’ and curriculum reform in China: The experiences of physical education teachers in one city
Authors: Meng Xuan , Horrell Andrew , McMillan Paul , Chai Guorong
Published: December 2020

Globally, nation states have concerns about health, and this has led to a proliferation of initiatives and policies, which either have a direct or indirect influence on education in schools. This article focuses specifically on how China, with the largest public education system in the world, has sought to transform the health of the nation through national curriculum reform informed by policies from other nations, which has significant implications for physical education (PE). Guided by Charmaz’s (2014) grounded theory, 22 PE teachers from 13 secondary schools in the north of mainland China were interviewed to provide a unique insight into how changes in curriculum were taken up and responded to. Analysis of data from this study indicated that the demands of implementing the new curriculum have their origins in complexities that go beyond individual teachers’ perceptions of health and change. Teachers expressed concerns about the reforms and there were several further contextual factors limiting the realisation of curriculum reform guided by the maxim of ‘Health First’. Teachers were uncertain of how to enact changes and reorientate their practices so that they were in line with the expectations of developing health through PE. The development of an examination in PE also strongly influenced the teachers’ perceptions of what to prioritise.
An ORBIT Phase 1: Design study of a citywide employer-based walking challenges in a predominantly Mexican American metropolitan area
Authors: Salinas Jennifer J. , Valenzuela Roy , Sheen Jon , Carlyle Malcolm , Gay Jennifer , Morales Alma
Published: December 2020

Most Mexican-Americans do not meet current physical activity recommendations. This paper uses the ORBIT model of obesity intervention development as a framework to outline the process of establishing three employer-based walking challenges in El Paso, Texas, a predominantly Mexican American community. The walking challenges were planned and implemented through the Border Coalition for Fitness and participating partnering organizations. Over 2000 participants and several employers took part in the walking challenges. Results from this ORBIT Phase 1 design intervention suggest that walking challenges are a feasible approach to increase physical activity in Mexican-Americans.
Supporting democracy and agency for all children: The learning stories of two immigrant boys
Authors: Karlsdottir Kristin , Einarsdottir Johanna
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to explore democracy and agency for children with diverse backgrounds in Icelandic early childhood education and care. In the last decade, Icelandic society has become more multicultural, as reflected in the increasing number of children in preschools with a home language other than Icelandic. Hence, this article also aims to promote a discussion of how Nordic traditions can be reflected in preschool practice, especially in relation to multicultural education. The ideas, theories and methods when multicultural education is planned seek support from similar concepts, such as democracy, power relations, social justice and children’s agency. The learning stories of two boys with a cultural background other than Icelandic were documented in accordance with the New Zealand curriculum, Te Whāriki, illustrating the boys’ communication and power relations in their preschools by foregrounding their competencies. The study supports other research showing that immigrant children struggle as they participate in play and are sometimes on the verge of being marginalized in their preschool group. The findings reveal that, in the boys’ learning stories, their competence appeared clearly – they were seen to develop their participation and sometimes their agency emerged. The power relations in their groups were not in their favour; they were marginalized in the group of children. These results suggest that, in line with Nordic policy, preschool teachers might work against the marginalization of children from multicultural backgrounds by building on children’s competencies, listening to them, and relying on their ways to interact and find solutions.
Emotional Information Processing and Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Social Anxiety Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Tetik Dilek , Gica Sakir , Bestepe Engin Emrem , Buyukavsar Ahsen , Gulec Huseyin
Published: December 2020

The aim of our study was to determine deficits in cognitive areas, including social cognition such as emotion recognition capacity, theory of mind, and electrophysiological alterations in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and to identify their effects on clinical severity of SAD. Enrolled in our study were 26 patients diagnosed with SAD and 26 healthy volunteers. They were administered the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. EEG monitoring was performed for electrophsiologic investigation. In the patient group, total reading the mind scores were lower ( P = .027) while P300 latencies and emotion recognition latency during the Emotion Recognition Task (ERT) were longer ( P = .038 and P = .012, respectively). The false alarm scores in the Rapid Visual Information Processing Task (RVP) were higher in the patient group ( P = .038). In a model created using multivariate linear regression analysis, an effect of ERT and RVP scores on LSAS scores was found. Results of our study confirm that particularly impairment of cognitive functions such as sustained attention and emotion recognition may seriously affect the clinical presentation negatively. P300 latency in the parietal region may has the potential to be a biological marker that can be used in monitoring treatment.
An Overview of Axel Oxenstierna’s Correspondence in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg
Authors: Shishkin Vladimir
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the contents of a collection formerly owned by Axel Oxenstierna (1583–1654) and now held by the National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg). This archive of the Chancellor of Sweden is particularly rich in diplomatic material as Oxenstierna led that country’s foreign policy during the final phase of the Thirty Years War (1618–1648). The context of this collection, the historical value of these documents, and a list of all the Chancellor’s correspondents, as well as of his own autographs are documented in this article.
Preserving a Pandemic with Zoom: The National Nordic Museum’s COVID-19 Oral History Project
Authors: Anderson Leslie Anne , DeRiemer Alison C.
Published: December 2020

In April 2020, the National Nordic Museum (NNM) in Seattle launched an oral history initiative titled “A Pandemic Preserved: The COVID-19 Crisis in the Nordic Countries and the Pacific Northwest.” Utilizing the video conferencing platform Zoom, the NNM has collected the stories of individuals impacted by the coronavirus in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Washington state, the first reported epicenter in the United States. Augmenting an existing collection of more than 900 oral history interviews, “A Pandemic Preserved” privileges current perspectives of ongoing events over retrospection. With the consent of the participants, the recordings are made accessible to researchers through the Museum’s collection management system (CMS), as well as promoted periodically to a general audience through social media channels to foster online engagement during closure. This article will examine the project’s scope, execution, products, dissemination to academic and general audiences, and relation to the NNM’s existing oral history collection. It will also consider how a project that captures response to a global health crisis realizes the Museum’s collecting goals in comparative and area studies.
Exploring the Influences of Hegemonic and Complicit Masculinity on Lifestyle Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases Among Adult Men in Maseru, Lesotho
Authors: Tseole Nkeka P. , Vermaak Kerry
Published: December 2020

Masculinity is an important health determinant and has been studied as a risk factor for communicable diseases in the African context. This paper explores how hegemonic and complicit masculinities influence the lifestyle risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among men. A qualitative research method was used, where eight focus group discussions were conducted among adult men in Maseru, Lesotho. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Although the participants typically described taking responsibility as a key feature of what it meant to be a man in Lesotho, their reported behaviors and rationales indicated that men commonly abdicated responsibility for their health to women. Participants were aware of the negative effects of smoking on health and acknowledged the difficulty to stop smoking due to the addictive nature of the habit. The initiation of smoking was linked by participants to the need to be seen as a man, and then maintained as a way of distinguishing themselves from the feminine. Regarding harmful alcohol consumption, participants reported that stress, particularly in their relationships with women, were linked to the need to drink, as they reported limited outlets for emotional expression for men in Lesotho. On the subject of poor diet, the study found that most men were aware of the importance of vegetable consumption; the perceived lengthy preparation process meant they typically depended on women for such healthy food preparation. Almost all participants were aware of the increased susceptibility to diverse negative health effects from physical inactivity, but because of the physical nature of the work, those engaged in traditionally masculine occupations did not exercise. In the context of lifestyle risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, masculinity has positive and negative impacts. It is important to design health education programs targeting men to successfully mitigate the negative health impacts of masculinity.
The first commercial use of the Valiant Navion stent graft system for endovascular repair of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm
Authors: Arbabi Cassra N , Gupta Navyash , Azizzadeh Ali
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the standard of care for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAA), and newer generation stent grafts have significant design improvements compared to earlier generation devices.

Methods

We report the first commercial use of the Medtronic Valiant Navion stent graft for treatment of an 85-year-old woman with a 5.8 cm DTAA and a highly tortuous thoracic aorta.

Results

A percutaneous TEVAR was performed using a two-piece combination of the Valiant Navion FreeFlo and CoveredSeal stent graft configurations for zones 2–5 coverage. The devices were successfully delievered through highly tortuous anatomy and deployed, excluding the entire length of the aneurysm with precise landing, excellent apposition and no evidence of endoleak. The patient tolerated the procedure well and has had no stent graft-related complications through one-year follow-up.

Conclusions

Design enhancements such as a lower profile delivery system, better conformability, and a shorter tapered tip are some of the improvements to this third-generation TEVAR device. Coupled with the multiple configuration options available, this gives physicians a better tool to treat thoracic aortic pathologies in patients with challenging anatomy. The early results are encouraging, and evaluation of long-term outcomes will continue.
Predictive value of the transcranial Doppler and mean arterial flow velocity for early detection of cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Esmael Ahmed , Flifel Mohamed E , Elmarakby Farid , Belal Tamer
Published: December 2020

Objectives

We aimed to predict cerebral vasospasm in acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to determine the cut-off values of the mean flow velocity by the use of transcranial Doppler.

Methods

A total of 40 patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were included in this study and classified into two groups. The first group was 26 patients (65%) with cerebral vasospasm and the second group was 14 patients (35%) without vasospasm. Initial evaluation using the Glasgow Coma Scale and the severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected by using both the clinical Hunt and Hess and radiological Fisher grading scales. All patients underwent transcranial Doppler evaluations five times in 10 days measuring the mean flow velocities (MFV) of cerebral arteries.

Results

Patients with cerebral vasospasm were associated with significantly higher mean Glasgow Coma Scale score ( p = 0.03), significantly higher mean Hunt and Hess scale grades ( p = 0.04), with significantly higher mean diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.03), significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.005 respectively) and significantly higher MFVs measured within the first 10 days. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that MFV ≥81 cm/s in the middle cerebral artery is accompanied by an almost five-fold increased risk of vasospasm (OR 4.92, p < 0.01), while MFV ≥63 cm/s in the anterior cerebral artery is accompanied by a three-fold increased risk of vasospasm (OR 3.12, p < 0.01), and MFV ≥42 cm/s in the posterior cerebral artery is accompanied by a two-fold increased risk of vasospasm (OR 2.11, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Transcranial Doppler is a useful tool for early detection, monitoring, and prediction of post subarachnoid vasospasm and valuable for early therapeutic intervention before irreversible ischemic neurological deficits take place.
Full effort compared to partial effort performance of the tennis serve in collegiate tennis players
Authors: Manske Robert C , Stovak Mark , Loo Peter , Breunig Michael , Ellenbecker Todd , Smith Barbara S
Published: December 2020

Interval tennis rehabilitation programs (ITRPs) are advocated during later stages of shoulder and elbow rehabilitation. ITRPs utilize gradual increases in hitting or serving effort, based on perceived effort. Over-estimation of effort may increase stress. This investigation purpose was to determine actual tennis serve velocity when asked to hit serves at perceived effort of 50%, 75%. Thirty-nine healthy college tennis players performed a warm-up of groundstrokes and serves. Five maximal effort serves (100% velocity) functioned as the 100% maximal effort serve. Then, five serves were hit at each of two randomly determined velocities. The average of five trials for maximum effort (100% velocity) was calculated. Based on this number, 75% and 50% of maximum velocity was determined. Using one-sample t-tests, the subjects’ perceived efforts were compared against computed percentages. Differences were found between perceived effort and calculated percent. Overall, actual velocity served was greater than percieved. Because velocity at 100% effort was significantly different for males and females, a separate analyses was done by gender. Both males’ and females’ perceived velocities were significantly greater (p < .05) than the athletes’ computed velocities at 75% and 50%, respectively. Perceived serve effort does not equate to actual ball velocity. A need exists to use other measures to determine effort or intensity during ITRPs. Serving at higher velocity levels early after musculoskeletal shoulder or elbow injury may increase the risk of re-injury or lack of progression. This study provides clinicians with guidance for the progression of tennis players during an interval program.
Somewhere to turn to: Signposting in service provision
Authors: Alexander Marc , Hofstetter Emily
Published: December 2020

This article investigates how members of the public are guided or ‘signposted’ out of organisations that they have contacted to third-party agencies. Using conversation analysis, we examine the interactional practices professionals use to signpost callers to external organisations when their concerns do not fit within the remit of the present service. Drawing on a corpus of over 500 calls and meetings at five different institutions in the UK (including mediation services, local council organisations, a housing charity and a politician’s constituency office), we show how the practice of signposting is intertwined with the activities of rejecting the caller’s case for receiving service, while simultaneously offering a service – namely, a redirection to an ostensibly more appropriate service provider. We show how community problems can be treated as warranting assistance along a range of offer-ability (e.g. ‘I will do X for you’, ‘That’s the kind of thing we could do’, ‘Do you want their number?’), and how troubles-tellings without a specific request can be retroactively formulated into an actionable item for an institution. Our findings demonstrate practices for negotiating institutionality itself, through delimiting service remit, and through participants’ orientations to the relevance of service provision as an institutional goal.
Discourse of non-participation in Russian political culture: Analyzing multiple sites of hegemony production
Authors: Kukshinov Eugene
Published: December 2020

This article examines and exposes substantial fragments of the crucial for the Russian autocracy discursive formation that hegemonically produces disempowered identities and relationships, inactive social practice and representations for ordinary Russian people. Employing a multi-sited critical discourse analysis of a school textbook, TV coverage of protests, and an annual press-conference with Vladimir Putin, this study looks at the contexts, representations and identities constructed via interrelated means of power, participation and change. The analysis shows how the state perpetually and diversely propagates via the discourse of non-participation a necessity to leave the matter of the social change to those in power. As a result, non-participation represents both the politically intentional absence of participatory practices among citizens, and forms of ‘participation’ suggested and mediated by the state. Overall, the study illustrates the suppressive ideological work that the Russian state performs exploiting various communication channels, institutions, and social domains to sustain the hegemonic domination over its citizens.
Cultural memory of social protest: Mnemonic literature about Gezi Park protests
Authors: Yelsalı Parmaksız Pınar Melis
Published: December 2020

This article problematizes the relation between the cultural memory and the Gezi Park protests which took place in 2013 in İstanbul. With this aim, a sample of the literature as the source for the analysis were selected. The selection of the literary productions were made purposively in order to analyze the memory of the Gezi Park protests in connection with the general understanding of the cultural memory. The relevance of the literature to the role of memory in social protest was analyzed on the basis of the three dimensional model of the relation between memory and literature by considering the working of three aspects of mnemonic mimesis: prefiguration, configuration, and reconfiguration. Consequently, literature as the mimesis of memory was connected to the analysis of the cultural memory of social protest. It was argued that the cultural memory of the Gezi Park protests contributes to the repertoire of the memory of the social protests in novel ways.
The Development of an Exercise Advisor App for Type 1 Diabetes: Digitization Facilitates More Individualized Guidance
Authors: McGaugh Sarah M. , Edwards Stephanie , Wolpert Howard , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Gulati Nany , Riddell Michael C.
Published: December 2020

Maintaining blood glucose levels in the target range during exercise can be onerous for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Using evidence-based research and consensus guidelines, we developed an exercise advisor app to reduce some of the burden associated with diabetes management during exercise. The app will guide the user on carbohydrate feeding strategies and insulin management strategies before, during, and after exercise and provide targeted and individualized recommendations. As a basis for the recommendations, the decision trees for the app use various factors including the type of insulin regimen, time of activity, previous insulin boluses, and current glucose level. The app is designed to meet the various needs of people with T1D for different activities to promote safe exercise practices.
Vascular Assessment in Patients With a Lower Limb Wound: A Correlational Study of Photoplethysmography and Laser Doppler Flowmetry Toe Pressure Techniques
Authors: Patry Jérôme , Laurencelle Louis , Bélisle Justine , Beaumier Maryse
Published: December 2020

Background:

Vascular assessment of the lower limbs is essential in patients with diabetes. In the presence of noncompressible arteries, the ankle brachial index (ABI) can either be inconclusive or provide false-positive results. Toe pressure measurement has been suggested as an alternative as a noninvasive method for detecting peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Toe pressure measurement can be performed either by photoplethysmography (PPG) or by Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The aim of this study was to determine correlations between the two techniques in order to promote the use of PPG in clinical practice.

Methods:

This was a prospective correlational study of 108 consecutive recruited adult patients, with and without diabetes, with at least one lower limb wound from a University-affiliated hospital wound care clinic. Toe pressure measurements were both performed with PPG and LDF devices.

Results:

Mean toe pressure values for PPG and LDF were, respectively, 83.7 (SD 35.4) and 79.5 (SD 32.0) mmHg (with a paired t-test 3.969, P < 0.01). In patients with at least one lower limb wound, a strong linear relation was found between PPG and LDF toe pressure techniques with a Pearson’s r correlation coefficient of 0.920 ( P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

PPG and LDF toe pressure techniques are equivalent in patients with at least one lower limb wound, irrespective of the presence of diabetes. Therefore, in the presence of an ABI with inconclusive results, such as in a patient with noncompressible vessels, both toe pressure techniques can be used for assessing the vascular supply of the lower limb with a wound.
From salvation to inquiry: Preservice teachers’ conceptions of race
Authors: Heimer Lucinda Grace
Published: December 2020

Race is a marker hiding more complex narratives. Children identify the social cues that continue to segregate based on race, yet too often teachers fail to provide support for making sense of these worlds. Current critical scholarship highlights the importance of addressing issues of race, culture, and social justice with future teachers. The timing of this work is urgent as health, social and civil unrest due to systemic racism in the U.S. raise critiques and also open possibilities to reimagine early childhood education. Classroom teachers feel pressure to standardize pedagogy and outcomes yet meet myriad student needs and talents in complex settings. This study builds on the current literature as it uses one case study to explore institutional messages and student perceptions in a future teacher education program that centers race, culture, identity, and social justice. Teaching as a caring profession is explored to illuminate the impact authentic, aesthetic, and rhetorical care may have in classrooms. Using key tenets of Critical Race Theory as an analytical tool enhanced the case study process by focusing the inquiry on identity within a racist society. Four themes are highlighted related to institutional values, rigorous coursework, white privilege, and connecting individual racial and cultural understanding with classroom practice. With consideration of ethical relationality, teacher education programs begin to address the impact of racist histories. This work calls for individualized critical inquiry regarding future teacher understanding of “self” in new contexts as well as an investigation of how teacher education programs fit into larger institutional philosophies.
Digital transparency: Dimensions, antecedents and consequences on the quality of customer relationships
Authors: Portes Audrey , N’Goala Gilles , Cases Anne-Sophie
Published: December 2020

This research focuses on transparency in a digital environment, examines how it is perceived by customers through different evaluations (perceived clarity, objectivity, and openness), and examines how each of these dimensions affects customer trust and engagement to the brand. It pointed out that judgments of transparency differ according to the relationship that consumers have personally developed with their digital environment (literacy, consumer acumen, and concern for privacy). Based on an empirical study conducted in e-commerce ( N = 445), the results show that perceived clarity – unlike perceived objectivity – is accompanied by a decline in trust and has a direct impact on engagement. On the contrary, perceived openness encourages engagement but not trust. This research highlights how consumer literacy and consumer acumen promote the perception of transparency, while concern for privacy degrades it. Theoretical and practical implications are then drawn from this research.
Reimagining probation and parole for young adults in the United States
Authors: Bernard Kimberly , Schwager David , Sitney Miranda
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to propose an overhaul in how young adults (approximately aged 15–25 years) should be supervised in the community while serving probation or parole sentences. Using a pilot model implemented in the Pacific Northwest in the United States, we describe the development of a new specialized caseload focused on the developmental needs of this age group. Once established, an ambitious training program using external subject matter experts was used to educate supervising officers and integrate best practices across four emerging areas in the literature: trauma informed care, brain development science, an Equity and Empowerment Lens with a racial justice focus, and the case management approach Effective Practices in Community Supervision. Results show the potential of this approach to change the trajectory of the life course of participants, as well as promote systematic and systemic reform in the participating jurisdiction.
The Private Tutoring Industry in Denmark: Market Making and Modes of Moral Justification
Authors: Christensen Søren , Grønbek Thomas , Bækdahl Frederik
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The article focuses on the emergence of a private tutoring industry in Denmark over the last decade. Specifically, it explores how private tutoring companies legitimize themselves in a social and cultural context where education has for long predominantly been understood in egalitarian terms.

Design/Approach/Methods:

The article takes inspiration from Viviana Zelizer’s work on morally controversial markets. It explores the “moral labor” performed by private tutoring companies to redefine the exchange of private tutoring services as a socially wholesome activity. It does so through a close analysis of business information, company websites, and news media articles on private tutoring.

Findings:

The article argues that, generally, the marketing material of tutoring companies focuses more on social equality and student well-being than on academic success. Thus, the companies predominantly legitimize themselves in terms of long-standing Scandinavian ideals of education. Increasingly, these are also the terms in which the companies criticize mainstream schooling.

Originality/Value:

The article contributes new knowledge of private tutoring in a Scandinavian context where very little research on the issue has so far been conducted. Theoretically, it relates previous research on “legitimation projects” of private tutoring companies to broader sociological theories on market making.
Gamification in Dutch Businesses: An Explorative Case Study
Authors: Van der Heijden B. I. J. M. , Burgers M. J. , Kaan A. M. , Lamberts B. F. , Migchelbrink K. , Van den Ouweland R. C. P. M. , Meijer T.
Published: December 2020

An in-depth case study approach was followed and data were collected by means of nine semi-structured interviews with experts from six case organizations. Our findings indicate that gamification of work can be a promising path for working organizations and can be beneficial to both employers and employees. The success of gamification at the workplace is dependent on whether its implementation is able to fulfill employees’ psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. To make the most out of gamification at the workplace, employers, supervisors, and employees themselves should pay ample attention to its conditions (i.e., personal preferences of the employees, their demographic characteristics, their need for psychological safety, and the purposefulness of the game). In addition, seven psychological mechanisms underlying successful performance were found in our empirical work (i.e., competition, intrinsic incentives, extrinsic incentives, choice, social interaction, feedback, and ownership). The properties of gamification schemes that also have to be dealt with by the parties involved comprise their duration and intensity, the inclusion of a facilitator, the type of equipment, and scale referring to the size of the gamification scheme. Finally, our study has provided more insight into the possible effects of gamification schemes (i.e., increased insight in the workflow and, through this, a better understanding of both the employees’ own contributions and of their employers’ contributions to the work processes, the transfer of game elements into work processes, team building enhancement, learning effects, and negative emotions).