bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadband diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system with a self-calibrating fiber-optic probe
Authors: Perekatova Valeriya , Kostyuk Alexey , Kirillin Mikhail , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kurakina Daria , Shemagina Olga , Orlova Anna , Khilov Aleksandr , Turchin Ilya
Published: June 2023

A VIS-NIR experimental setup for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a fiber-optic probe employing a self-calibrating approach has been created and demonstrated high robustness to various instrumental perturbations in source and detector channels.
Mueller matrix measurement using Faraday rotator-based fiber polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: S Athira B , Ghosh Nirmalya , Le Nhan , Wang Ruikang
Published: June 2023

We propose a scheme for polarization sensitive measurements with fiber based optical coherence tomography based on the nonreciprocal behavior of Faraday rotator to measure the 3 X 3 Mueller matrix of the sample.
Raman Character of the Photosensitizer-Free Singlet Oxygen Photogeneration within Water
Authors: Olaizola Aristides Marcano , Zerrad Ameen , Kingsley David H.
Published: June 2023

We study the Raman photogeneration of singlet oxygen in water without using photosensitizers. We demonstrate the Raman character of the effect by measuring the signal’s frequency shift, time evolution, power dependence, and ring structure.
Evaluating Nanoscale Chromatin Modifications for Risk Stratification of Colorectal Cancer using Machine Learning
Authors: Prabhala Sravya , Chang Andrew S. , Daneshkhah Ali , Subramanian Hariharan , Roy Hemant Kumar , Backman Vadim
Published: June 2023

Machine learning applied to quantified biomarkers of chromatin alterations obtained from partial wave spectroscopic microscopy of rectal swab samples improves early risk stratification of colorectal cancer.
Biofilm Formation with Optical Trapping
Authors: Camba Czarlyn , Digal Phillip , Taheri-Araghi Sattar , Bezryadina Anna
Published: June 2023

Biofilm is created by bacterial colonies in response to a hostile environment. We study the aggregation and clustering of B. Subtilis bacteria in MSgg media and how optical trapping affects biofilm development.
Annotation burden reduction in deep learning for lensless imaging flow cytometry with a self-supervised pretext task
Authors: Hong Tianqi , Fang Qiyin
Published: June 2023

A self-supervised pretext task is developed based on flow profile and motion extraction for cell detection in a lensless imaging flow cytometer. It reduces the annotation burden, automatically selects usable frames, and improves detection performance.
Improved Sensitivity and Imaging Speeds of Fluorescent Imaging Using Silicon Photomultipliers
Authors: Giacomelli Michael G.
Published: June 2023

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are the standard for high sensitivity detection of fluorescence signals, but are costly, fragile, have limited QE and worse sensitivity at far-red wavelengths. Newer detectors based on silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology can greatly improve sensitivity and imaging rates. The advantages and utilization of silicon photomultiplier technology for high sensitivity and high-speed imaging are reviewed.
Precision Functional Mapping of Cortical Activity Using High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (HD-DOT)
Authors: Bajracharya Aahana , Wilhelm Dana , Markow Zachary , Fogarty Morgan , Fehner Wiete , Peelle Jonathan E. , Hershey Tamara , Culver Joseph P.
Published: June 2023

We present a single-subject level functional mapping of cortical activity using high-density diffuse optical tomography with the goal to improve reproducibility of maps at an individual level while also revealing subject-specific features that are often ignored by group-level generalizations.
Scalp Surface-Based Parcellation for fNIRS Studies
Authors: Magee Abigail L. , Pirazzoli Laura , Sanchez-Alonso Sara , Sullivan Eileen F. , Perdue Katherine L. , Zinszer Benjamin , Bejjanki Vikranth R. , Nelson Charles A. , Richards John E. , Culver Joseph P. , Emberson Lauren L. , Aslin Richard N. , Eggebrecht Adam T.
Published: June 2023

Functional near infrared spectroscopy relies on consistent and precise optode location and scalp morphology for accurate analyses. Herein, we present a scalp surface-based parcellation that compensates for variations in optode location and scalp morphology.
Birefringence Microscopy for Imaging the Geometric Organization of Myelinated Axons in the Human Brain
Authors: Blanke Nathan , Novoseltseva Anna , Gray Alexander J. , Bigio Irving J.
Published: June 2023

Birefringence microscopy is a valuable technique for label-free imaging of myelin structure in fixed brain sections. We demonstrate the ability to use high-resolution birefringence microscopy to study the grid-like structure of the human brain.
Reconfigurable Transient Ultrasound Light Waveguiding with a Linear Ultrasonic Array
Authors: Cherkashin Maxim N. , Rohovets Volodymyr , Brenner Carsten , Schmitz Georg , Hofmann Martin R.
Published: June 2023

Practical use of ultrasound light waveguiding in scattering media requires adjustment of the position of the guided optical output. We demonstrate such an adjustment with linear ultrasonic arrays.
Few-Mode Optical Coherence Tomography at 1300 nm for in vivo Imaging
Authors: Deana Rodrigo Itzamná Becerra , Maltais-Tariant Raphael , Brais-Brunet Simon , Virally Stéphane , Godbout Nicolas , Boudoux Caroline
Published: June 2023

Few-mode optical coherence tomography collects and exploits higher-order modes for added signal and contrast. A new photonics lantern at 1300 nm highlights structural differences between the head and tail regions of a zebrafish in vivo.
A Photothermal Therapy Guidance System with Photoacoustic Thermometry and Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Kosik Ivan , Weersink Robert , Ghai Sangeet , Effat Andrew , Husby Theodore , Wilson Brian
Published: June 2023

We present deep tissue (> 2 cm), widefield (5 cm x 5cm) real-time (10 Hz) photoacoustic thermometry in ex-vivo tissue phantoms as well as first in-patient diffuse optical monitoring of photothermal therapy for prostate cancer.
Measuring Dissociation State of Porphysome Nanoparticles in Liquid Phantoms Using Diffuse Reflectance and Quantitative Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Husby Theo , Valic Michael , Zheng Gang , Wilson Brian , Weersink Robert
Published: June 2023

A diffuse reflectance and quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy probe system is evaluated using a liquid phantom allowing for incremental dissociation of porphysome nanoparticles. Accurate measures of dissociation state achieved, along with unexpected fluorescence results.
A Photosensor Protein eBLUF for Optical Control of Bioactivity
Authors: Terazima Masahide , Shibata Kosei , Nakasone Yusuke
Published: June 2023

Photoinduced protein-protein interaction of a BLUF domain from Bldp1 (eBLUF) is investigated by the transient grating techniques. The result demonstrsates that this protein and some site-directed mutants are suitable for optical control of bioactivity.
Diagnostic Performance of the Frequency-Domain Third- Order Simplified Spherical Harmonics (SP3) Model on Rheumatoid Arthritis in Finger Joints
Authors: Kim Stephen Hyunkeol , Montejo Ludguier , Hielscher Andreas H.
Published: June 2023

This work focuses on the evaluation of frequency-domain 3rd-order simplified spherical harmonics (FD-SP3) model based image reconstruction with respect to its clinical utility to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The results presented here show that the FD-SP3 model achieves clinically relevant sensitivity (88%) and specificity (93%) that compare favorably to the ERT while maintaining significant computational advantage over the ERT.
Measurements of slow tissue dynamics with short-separation speckle contrast optical spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Bingxue , Boas David A. , Cheng Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

We present a short-separation speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (ss-SCOS) system to enhance the static and slow tissue components with the multi-exposure time-based speckle contrast model to extract both the slow tissue and fast blood flow dynamics.
Breaking new ground in protein detection: Self-supervised machine learning and iSCAT enable label-free detection of single proteins below 10 kDa
Authors: Dahmardeh Mahyar , Dastjerdi Houman Mirzaalian , Mazal Hisham , Köstler Harald , Sandoghdar Vahid
Published: June 2023

Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy detects single nanoparticles in a label-free fashion. Utilizing self-supervised machine learning pushes the detection sensitivity of iSCAT to very small proteins and disease markers such as chemokines and cytokines.
Unveiling the 3D Cytoarchitecture of the Human Cerebellum with Multimodal Tomography Using Near-Field Speckles at the Synchrotron
Authors: Savatovic Sara , Zdora Marie-Christine , De Marco Fabio , Bikis Christos , Olbinado Margie , Rack Alexander , Müller Bert , Thibault Pierre , Zanette Irene
Published: June 2023

Speckle-based imaging provides complementary information through multiple imaging channels for three-dimensional visualisation of cerebellar cortex tissues. We describe a preliminary investigation of multi-resolution tomography, down to single cells, of the human cerebellum.
Large Scale Neuron Recording under Deep Nucleus Stimulation in Freely Behaving Mice
Authors: Yuan Lekang , Zhang Yuanlong , Xu Hanyun , Wu Jiamin , Xiao Guihua , Xie Hao , Dai Qionghai
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate a mobile system for large-scale neuron recording with simultaneous deep nucleus stimulation. With the device, cortical-wide Ca2+ activity under vagus nerve stimulation was recorded in freely behaving mice.
A Color Spectrum of Genetically Encoded Glutamate Indicators
Authors: Coblentz Azariah , Tjahjono Nikki , Freitas Peter , Dalangin Rochelin , Campbell Robert , Tian Lin , Andreoni Alessio
Published: June 2023

We have expanded the color palette of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for glutamate into the red and far-red region of the spectrum. We show their applications to detect neuronal communication.
Imaging photoplethysmography for assessing stimulus-evoked hemodynamics in mouse barrel cortex
Authors: He Qinghua , Li Yuandong , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: June 2023

We use imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) to assess cerebral hemodynamics of mice under whisker stimulation. The spatial blood pulsation changes measured by iPPG is in consistence with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements.
Brief Disruptions in Capillary Flow Result in Rapid onset of Hypoxia
Authors: Giblin John , Kura Sreekanth , Nunez Juan Luis Ugarte , Zhang Juncheng , Küreli Gülce , Jiang John , Chen Ichun A. , Kılıç Kıvılcım , Boas David A.
Published: June 2023

Bessel beam two-photon microscopy has revealed shorter stalling events than previously measured. Even these brief disruptions in flow can result in hypoxia.
Fiber-Based Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography for Neuroimaging in Humans: Simulation of High-Density vs. Sparse Arrays and In Vivo Human Measurements
Authors: Lin Chen-Hao P. , Fehner Wiete , Orukari Inema E. , Frisk Lisa Kobayashi , Agato Alvin , Verma Manish , O'Sullivan Anthony , Svoboda Calamity , Chetia Sumana , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Durduran Turgut , Culver Joseph P. , Trobaugh Jason W.
Published: June 2023

We simulated speckle contrast optical tomography performance based on an anatomical head model comparing sparse and high-density arrays. We also demonstrated measurements of pulsatile flow on a human head using a multi-mode fiber-based speckle system.
Toward Real-time In-Vivo Diagnosis of Brain Tumors using Quantitative Oblique Back-illumination Microscopy
Authors: Guang Zhe , Costa Paloma Casteleiro , Lerner Joshua , Robles Francisco E
Published: June 2023

Quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) utilizes multiply scattered light inside thick tissues to realize epi-mode quantitative phase imaging. We report our development of a handheld qOBM system for real-time in-vivo diagnosis of brain tumors.
The Contribution of Cortical Neuronal Populations to Resting-State Cerebrovascular Regulation Revealed by Two-Photon Microscopy Imaging
Authors: Rakymzhan Adiya , Vazquez Alberto
Published: June 2023

We recorded calcium activity in excitatory neurons and inhibitory Parvalbumin neurons, while concurrently measuring vascular changes with two-photon imaging. We demonstrate that spontaneous vascular fluctuations are largely modulated by ongoing activity of Parvalbumin neurons.
Mapping Local and Global Interactions between Parvalbumin Inhibitory Neurons and Excitatory Neurons over the Cortex in Awake Mice
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Bice Annie R. , Bauer Adam Q.
Published: June 2023

We created a novel method for mapping the interactions between parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PV-INs) and excitatory neurons over the cortex in mice. Local and distant influences of PV-INs are region-specific and can span hemispheres.
Deep Learning Driven Light-Based Motor Mapping of Multiple Limb Movements in Mice Reveals Behaviorally Relevant Movements
Authors: Khanal Nischal , Padawer-Curry Jonah , Schulte Kevin , Voss Trevor , Bice Annie R. , Lee Jin-Moo , Bauer Adam Q.
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate a hybrid method utilizing DeepLabCut and LBMM to concurrently localize motor representations of multiple limbs in mice. Results suggest that motor movements involving multiple limbs reside in overlapping cortical representations of each limb.
Development of 3-Photon Functional Imaging in Deep Layers of Macaque Cortex
Authors: Takasaki Kevin T. , Hatanaka Gaku , Chatterjee Soumya , Balaram Pooja , Kim Taekjun , Dylla Celeste , Abolmaali Farzaneh , Reid R. Clay , Pasupathy Anitha , Bair Wyeth , Waters Jack
Published: June 2023

3-photon excitation laser-scanning microscopy enables fluorescence imaging deep in tissue beyond the range of 2-photon microscopy. Here, we report results of functional calcium imaging of neurons with 3-photon microscopy in non-human primates. We compare 2-photon and 3-photon excitation and characterize the performance of 3-photon microscopy at depths beyond the 2-photon limit.
A Two-layer Modified Beer-Lambert Algorithm for Optical Monitoring of Critical Closing Pressure
Authors: Baker Wesley B. , Forti R. , Heye P. , Heye K. , Lin Y. , Andersen K.N. , Jahnavi J. , Breimann J. , Gaudio H. , Morton S. , Yodh A. G. , Licht D.J. , White B.R. , Hwang M. , Kilbaugh T.J. , Ko T.S.
Published: June 2023

We performed diffuse optical neuromonitoring concurrently with invasive neuromonitoring across increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) levels in a pig model of hydrocephalus. Optical critical closing pressures derived from 1-layer and 2-layer algorithms are compared to ICP.
Measurements of human cerebral blood flow changes with speckle contrast optical spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Zilpelwar Sharvari , Kim Byungchan , Sie Edbert J. , Marsili Francesco , Boas David A.
Published: June 2023

We have developed the fiber-based speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) system to measure human cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain functions, and demonstrated that SCOS outperforms traditional diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) systems.
Optimization of Confocal Bessel Beam Light-sheet for Axonal Connectomics
Authors: Takasaki Kevin T. , Gliko Olga , Torres Russel , Balaram Pooja , Hellevik Ayana , Turschak Emily , MacLennan Bryan , Kinn Sam , Perlman Eric , Reid R. Clay
Published: June 2023

Axonal connectomics entails tracing of dense axons over large brain volumes. Here, we describe a light-sheet imaging approach using scanned Bessel beam illumination and confocal slit detection and the results of simulation-guided optimization. We evaluate the performance of our approach for axon resolution and segmentation.
Synaptic resolution two-photon stimulation and imaging of neural activity with Bessel beam light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Xu Dongli , Ding Jun B. , Peng Leilei
Published: June 2023

We report combining two-photon Bessel beam light-sheet microscopy with two-photon uncaging to perform all-optical neural stimulation and imaging at synaptic resolution. Imaging results from mouse brain slices under 2P uncaging of glutamate will be presented.
Single-shot Multifocal Microscopy by Virtual Array Imaging
Authors: Mariné Maximiliano , Valdés Maximiliano V. , Parot Vicente J.
Published: June 2023

Current single-shot multifocal imaging requires beam splitters or diffractive elements. We used a mirror cavity to capture an array of virtual images with offset focal depth on a camera. Focusing at multiple depths is demonstrated.
Planar Light-sheet Microscopy With Curved Airy Beams
Authors: Vettenburg Tom
Published: June 2023

The Airy beam extends the imaging volume of a light-sheet microscope ten-fold. However, its unusual curved structure hampers its use with two-photon excitation. We demonstrate a planar Airy light-sheet for two-photon excitation that does not rely on deconvolution.
Dual-view oblique plane microscopy for multi-well plate time-lapse 3D imaging assays in cancer research
Authors: Sparks Hugh , Dent Lucas , Ratcliffe Colin D.H. , Gustafsson Nils , Curry Nathan , Sahai Erik , Bakal Chris , Dunsby Chris
Published: June 2023

This talk introduces the development of an image acquisition and processing pipeline based on a dual-view oblique plane microscopy (dOPM) system and which is suitable for multi-well plate imaging assays for cancer research.
Leveraging electronics metrology technologies for a new large-scale light-sheet microscopy system
Authors: Glaser Adam K.
Published: June 2023

We present a new light-sheet microscopy platform that leverages
technologies from the electronics metrology industry to enable
high-throughput imaging of large tissues.
Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Objects from Denoised Captured Digital Holograms by CNN
Authors: Gedik Ataberk , Esmer G. Bora
Published: June 2023

Although, three-dimensional profile of a microscopic object can be obtained by using digital holography methods, they can be corrupted by speckle noise. We propose a method, based on deep learning, to suppress the noise.
Dual-Wavelength Holographic Cytometry for Red Blood Cell Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Funkenbusch George T. , Chen Cindy X. , Wax Adam
Published: June 2023

Two-wavelength phase microscopy enables quantification of hemoglobin concentration and height of fast-flowing cells in a flow cytometer. This approach shows great potential for point-of-care diagnosis of blood disorders.
Fast, Sensitive and Versatile Electro-Optic Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Marchand Raphaël , Pfanner Franz I. , Aziz Daniel , Jarnot Nele , Juffmann Thomas
Published: June 2023

We present a wide-field FLIM microscope using an Electro-Optic modulator as gating unit. The achieved frame rate, read noise, and photon collection efficiency enable its combination with state-of-the-art imaging modalities, including super-resolution microscopy.
Optically Super-resolved Infrared Imaging micro-Spectroscopy (OSIRIS)
Authors: Furstenberg Robert , Huffman T.J. , Kendziora Christopher A. , McGill R.A.
Published: June 2023

We are developing a novel infrared microscopy technique suitable for rapid, label-free chemical imaging and tomography with high spatial resolution (~100 nm). The data is processed to produce concentration maps of analytes identified by an algorithm.
Dual-modal simultaneous photoacoustic and harmonic ultrasound microscopy
Authors: Zhu Jingyi , Chen Jiangbo , Amjadian Mohammadreza , Liang Siyi , Qu Zheng , Wang Yue , Zhang Yachao , Wang Lidai
Published: June 2023

We present dual-band photoacoustic and ultrasound microscopy that can maintain high resolution and improve the imaging penetration. The harmonic US imaging on the mouse eye reveals finer lens and iris boundary structures, which offers a high-resolution anatomical reference for co-registered PA imaging.
Four Channel based Stokes-Mueller Polarimetry for Tissue Characterization Integrated with Machine Learning
Authors: U Spandana K , Melanthota Sindhoora Kaniyala , U Raghavendra , Rai Sharada , Mahato K K , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: June 2023

We propose a transmission-based Stokes-Mueller microscope for quantitative analysis of the microstructural properties of the tissue specimen. The Stokes-Mueller based polarization microscopy provides significant structural information of tissue through various polarization parameters such as degree of polarization (DOP), degree of linear polarization (DOLP), and degree of circular polarization (DOCP), anisotropy (r) and Mueller decomposition parameters such as diattenuation, retardance and depolarization. Further, by applying a suitable image processing technique such as machine learning (ML) output images were analysed effectively. With the statistical features obtained from polarization images, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was trained to facilitate the tissue classification associated with its pathological condition.
Scan-free Stimulated Raman Scattering Tomography for Volumetric Deeper Tissue Imaging
Authors: Gong Li , Lin Shulang , Huang Zhiwei
Published: June 2023

We report on the development of a unique z-scan-free stimulated Raman scattering tomography technique for volumetric deeper tissue imaging.
Rapid Large-Volume Tissue Imaging with Multiplane Parallel Strip-Scanning Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Ching-Roa Vincent , Huang Chi , Giacomelli Michael
Published: June 2023

We present a parallel point scanning two-photon microscope using silicon photomultiplier arrays, enabling imaging up to 200 MP/s while retaining high light throughput using nondescanned detection. We demonstrate resilience against scattering by imaging skin specimens.
Effects of Short Pulses of Infrared Light on Metabolic Coenzyme Binding
Authors: Martinez Jocelyn , Theodossiou Anna M. , Walsh Alex J.
Published: June 2023

A computational model of metabolic rates and coenzyme binding dynamics was developed to determine biochemical responses to infrared light. The results will facilitate understanding of the effects of infrared light on cellular metabolism.
A hydro-thermophoretic trap near a gold surface
Authors: Nalupurackal Gokul , Lokesh Muruga , singh Rajesh , Roy Basudev
Published: June 2023

We develop a novel trapping scheme by combining plasmon-induced convection and thermophoretic flows. This system is capable of confining aspherical particles, cells and it also applies forces in the order of femto newtons on them.
Plasmonic trapping of a single upconverting nanoparticle: enhanced upconversion fluorescence and trapping stability
Authors: Zhang Fengchan , Oiticica Pedro Ramon Almeida , Arai Marylyn Setsuko , de Oliveira Junior Osvaldo Novais , de Camargo Andrea S. S. , Jaque Daniel , González Patricia Haro
Published: June 2023

We take the advantage of optical trapping and surface plasmons to simultaneously enhance the luminescence intensity of a single upconverting nanoparticle and the optical trapping stability.
Diamond-based Sensing by Optically Trapped Nanodiamonds in Single Cells
Authors: Kalantarifard Fatemeh , Niora Maria , Giri Rakshyakar , Jensen Rasmus Høy , Huck Alexander , Berg-Sørensen Kirstine
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate optical trapping of nanodiamond particles inside single THP-1 cells as well as T1 relaxometry for such internalized nanodiamonds containing NV centers.
Analysis of single unmodified proteins and their interactions with nanoaperture optical tweezers: PR65 case study
Authors: Babaei Elham , Mathew Samuel , Shariatdoust Mirali Seyed , Wright Demelza , Itzhaki Laura , Bahar Ivet , Yang Shang-Hua , Gordon Reuven
Published: June 2023

There is a new class of technologies emerging for observing unmodified proteins in action and at the single molecule level. This presentation will give an introduction to the double-nanohole nanoaperture optical tweezer approach and overview the developments from ours and other groups working in the area. Particularly, I will focus on the analysis of the A sub-unit of protein phosphatase PP2A: PR65.
Probing different mechanical modes of the air-water interface in a sessile water droplet dispersed with pNiPAM
Authors: Lokesh Muruga , Jose Merin , Satapathy Dillip K. , Roy Basudev
Published: June 2023

The temporal evolution of viscoelascticity is manifested as the change in power spectral density (PSD) of translation (X & Z) and rotational (pitch) represents different mechanical modes of air-water interface with pNiPAM monolayer.
Artifact reduction in photoacoustic tomography imaging using Genetic algorithm
Authors: Amjadian Mohammadreza , Mostafavi Seyed Masood , Luo Zhengtang
Published: June 2023

To suppress artifacts in the photoacoustic tomography system, we propose optimized weights calculated by using the Genetic algorithm to reach SLL of -22.94 dB that is suppressed by 9.9 dB compared to the delay-and-sum beamformer.
On-chip Opto-hydrodynamic Tweezers for Single Cell Manipulation
Authors: Vasantham Shreyas K , Garstecki Piotr , Derzsi Ladislav , Kotnala Abhay
Published: June 2023

A novel opto-hydrodynamic fiber tweezers (OHT) is presented. Single and multiple cells were trapped, translated, rotated and isolated in a microfluidic chip. OHT offers efficient and high-throughput fiber tweezing platform for screening of single-cells.
Optical Refrigeration of Enzyme-Coated Rare-Earth-Doped Fluorides
Authors: Gariepy Rachel E. , Bard Alex , Pauzauskie Peter J.
Published: June 2023

Yttrium lithium fluoride crystals doped with 10% ytterbium have undergone a synthetic conjugation procedure to coat them with horseradish peroxidase. The crystals have been shown via mean fluorescence spectroscopy to still undergo photothermal cooling despite their coating of materials that photothermally heat.
Holographic optical metasurfaces with high trap stiffness
Authors: Plaskocinski Tomasz , Xiao Jianling , Biabanifard Mohammad , Persheyev Saydulla , Di Falco Andrea
Published: June 2023

Optical metalenses have been used to trap particles on-chip, albeit with low trapping efficiency. We present a low-footprint metasurface-enabled holographic trapping scheme with performance comparable to that of high numerical aperture objectives.
SERS-bases biosensors for biomedical applications
Authors: De Luca Anna Chiara
Published: June 2023

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has received increasing research interest due to its excellent resolution, high sensitivity and rapid detection of low concentration analytes, particularly in biomedicine. Herein, it is provided an overview of recent developments and applications of SERS-based nanosensors and nanoreporters developed in our laboratory for use in biochemical monitoring, medical diagnostics, and therapy. The design and fabrication of different types of plasmonic-active nanostructures and devices, including fiber-optrode SERS sensors and hybrid nanovectors for drug delivery and local sensing, will be discussed. The applications of the SERS nanosensors for protein detection as well as local quantification and controlled release of drugs in living cancer cells will be presented.
Testing the ‘light-cone’ model to assess trapping efficiency using annular beams in geometric optics limit
Authors: Yadav Sumit , Alim Abdul , K. De Arijit
Published: June 2023

We present experimental studies to measure optical trapping
efficiencies for annular beams of variable diameters but of fixed
widths, with aid of laser beam-shaping, to test the ‘light
cone’ model in the geometric optics limit.
Study of out-of-plane rotations in optical tweezers with usage in soft matter and biological systems
Authors: Roy Basudev
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate a new way of detecting out-of-plane rotation at high resolution. We then go on to show 4 ways of generating out-of-plane rotation while also exploring some applications in soft matter and biological systems. We use a combination of generation and detection of out-of-plane rotation to form a torque wrench.
Rydberg Atoms In the Vicinity of an Optical Nanofiber
Authors: Stourm Erwan , Lepers Maxence , Robert Jacques , Chormaic Sìle Nic , Mølmer Klaus , Brion Étienne
Published: June 2023

We investigate how van der Waals interaction between Rydberg atoms is modified in the vicinity of an optical nanofiber with respect to free-space. This work paves the way to promising light-matter interfaces for quantum technologies.
Effect of optical nonlinearity in trapping dynamics of polystyrene and silica micro-particles under femtosecond pulsed excitation: A comparative study
Authors: Yadav Sumit , Alim Abdul , De Arijit K.
Published: June 2023

We present a comparative study on optical trapping dynamics for polystyrene and silica micro-particles under both continuous wave and pulsed excitations. The effect of optical nonlinearity under femtosecond pulsed excitation on trapping efficiency is investigated.
Accelerating self-assembly of colloidal particles at air-water interface by laser-induced heating of upconverting particle
Authors: Lokesh Muruga , Nalupurackal Gokul , Chowdhury Imdad Uddin , Mahapatra Pallab Sinha , Roy Basudev
Published: June 2023

Optically induced heating of a trapped upconverting particle at the air-water interface of a sessile water droplet creates fluid flows which accelerate the self-assembly of suspended colloidal particles to form a lattice-like structure.
Simultaneous optical trapping and magnetic micromanipulation of ferromagnetic upconversion microparticles
Authors: Nalupurackal Gokul , M Gunaseelan , Chauhan Amit , Nanda B.R.K , Roy Basudev
Published: June 2023

We demonstrate the simultaneous optical trapping and magnetic manipulation of Fe-doped upconverting particles to achieve full control over six-degrees of freedom of a rigid body in optical tweezers, and the precise detection of its motion.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of NADH and FAD in Ex Vivo Young and Old Mouse Cortical Tissue
Authors: Díaz Paola Monterroso , Rajaram Narasimhan
Published: June 2023

Young and old murine cortical tissue in fresh, snap frozen, and
DMSO-preserved form were investigated with two-photon microscopy.
Shorter mean NADH and FAD lifetimes were found in old cortical tissue
compared to young.
Characterizing Hydration and Buckling in Individual Collagen Fibrils with Polarization Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Harvey MacAulay , Cisek Richard , Kreplak Laurent , Tokarz Danielle
Published: June 2023

We investigate individual collagen fibrils using polarization SHG microscopy and find that polarization SHG is sensitive to changes in fibril structure and orientation.
Measurement of the Crystalline Structure of Collagen-Like Scaffolds of Otoconia in the Mouse Vestibular System by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Cisek Richard , Brittain Kennedy , Harvey MacAulay , Pillai Saranyan , Christie Sean D. , Tokarz Danielle
Published: June 2023

Polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy was used to elucidate the arrangement of SHG emitters in a collagen-like protein matrix embedded in mammalian inner ear crystals revealing a radial nano- and macro-arrangement.
Coherent Exciton Coupling in Fluorescent Protein Dimers Probed by Two-Photon Polarization Ratio
Authors: Drobizhev Mikhail , Puhl Henry , Hines Kirk , Vogel Steve S.
Published: June 2023

Two-photon polarization ratio ()Ω measures the angle between optical transition dipole moment and permanent dipole moments difference. Linking two VenusA206 copies together results in changes of Ω value, reflecting different dipoles arrangement in excitonically coupled chromophores.
Imaging Nanoparticle Binding to Cell Membrane through Wide-field Interferometric Scattering Microscopy
Authors: You Hengze , Anyi Caroline Livan , Wei Liaoliao , Ling Tong
Published: June 2023

We applied iSCAT microscopy to image the Brownian movement of nanoparticles in live cell culture. Utilizing autocorrelation analysis, we demonstrated mapping of nanoparticle binding interactions with the plasma membrane in a wide field.
SERS monitoring of drug release in cancer cells by gold-decorated biosilica nanoparticles
Authors: Rea Ilaria , Managò Stefano , Tramontano Chiara , Cave Donatella Delle , Zito Gianluigi , Chianese Giovanna , Terracciano Monica , De Stefano Luca , Lonardo Enza , De Luca Anna Chiara
Published: June 2023

We describe a hybrid nanosystem for monitoring the drug release in living cancer cells by SERS. The drug is loaded in gold-decorated porous biosilica nanoparticles. The hybrid nanosystem enables the simultaneous drug delivery and sensing.
Surface material recognition through machine learning using time of flight LiDAR
Authors: Tafone Daniel , McEvoy Luke , Meng Sua Yong , Rehain Patrick , Huang Yuping
Published: June 2023

We explore an active illumination approach for remote and obscured
material recognition, based on quantum parametric mode sorting and
single-photon detection. By raster scanning a segment of material, we
capture the relationships between each mirror position’s peak
count and location. These features allow for a robust measurement of a
material’s relative reflectance and surface texture. Through
inputting these identifiers into machine learning algorithms, a high
accuracy of 99% material recognition can be achieved, even
maintaining up to 89.17% accuracy when materials are occluded
by a lossy and multi-scattering obscurant of up to 15.2 round-trip
optical depth.
Explanatory models of stillbirth among bereaved parents in Afghanistan: Implications for stillbirth prevention
Authors: Christou Aliki , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Mubasher Adela , Hofiani Sayed Murtaza Sadat , Rasooly Mohammad Hafiz , Rashidi Mohammad Khakerah , Alam Neeloy Ashraful
Published: June 2023

Local perceptions and understanding of the causes of ill health and death can influence health-seeking behaviour and practices in pregnancy. We aimed to understand individual explanatory models for stillbirth in Afghanistan to inform future stillbirth prevention. This was an exploratory qualitative study of 42 semi-structured interviews with women and men whose child was stillborn, community elders, and healthcare providers in Kabul province, Afghanistan between October-November 2017. We used thematic data analysis framing the findings around Kleinman’s explanatory framework. Perceived causes of stillbirth were broadly classified into four categories–biomedical, spiritual and supernatural, extrinsic factors, and mental wellbeing. Most respondents attributed stillbirths to multiple categories, and many believed that stillbirths could be prevented. Prevention practices in pregnancy aligned with perceived causes and included engaging self-care, religious rituals, superstitious practices and imposing social restrictions. Symptoms preceding the stillbirth included both physical and non-physical symptoms or no symptoms at all. The impacts of stillbirth concerned psychological effects and grief, the physical effect on women’s health, and social implications for women and how their communities perceive them. Our findings show that local explanations for stillbirth vary and need to be taken into consideration when developing health education messages for stillbirth prevention. The overarching belief that stillbirth was preventable is encouraging and offers opportunities for health education. Such messages should emphasise the importance of care-seeking for problems and should be delivered at all levels in the community. Community engagement will be important to dispel misinformation around pregnancy loss and reduce social stigma.
National and subnational burden of under-5, infant, and neonatal mortality in Ethiopia, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Tessema Gizachew A. , Berheto Tezera Moshago , Pereira Gavin , Misganaw Awoke , Kinfu Yohannes ,   GBD 2019 Ethiopia Child Mortality Collaborators
Published: June 2023

The under-5 mortality rate is a commonly used indicator of population health and socioeconomic status worldwide. However, as in most low- and middle-income countries settings, deaths among children under-5 and in any age group in Ethiopia remain underreported and fragmented. We aimed to systematically estimate neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality trends, identify underlying causes, and make subnational (regional and chartered cities) comparisons between 1990 and 2019. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019) to estimate three key under-5 mortality indicators—the probability of death between the date of birth and 28 days (neonatal mortality rate, NMR), the date of birth and 1 year (infant mortality rate, IMR), and the date of birth and 5 years (under-5 mortality rate, U5MR). The causes of death by age groups, sex, and year were estimated using Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm). Specifically, this involved a multi-stage process that includes a non-linear mixed-effects model, source bias correction, spatiotemporal smoothing, and a Gaussian process regression to synthesise mortality estimates by age, sex, location, and year. In 2019, an estimated 190,173 (95% uncertainty interval 149,789–242,575) under-5 deaths occurred in Ethiopia. Nearly three-quarters (74%) of under-5 deaths in 2019 were within the first year of life, and over half (52%) in the first 28 days. The overall U5MR, IMR, and NMR in the country were estimated to be 52.4 (44.7–62.4), 41.5 (35.2–50.0), and 26.6 (22.6–31.5) deaths per 1000 livebirths, respectively, with substantial variations between administrative regions. Over three-quarters of under-5 deaths in 2019 were due to five leading causes, namely neonatal disorders (40.7%), diarrhoeal diseases (13.2%), lower respiratory infections (10.3%), congenital birth defects (7.0%), and malaria (6.0%). During the same period, neonatal disorders alone accounted for about 76.4% (70.2–79.6) of neonatal and 54.7% (51.9–57.2) of infant deaths in Ethiopia. While all regional states in Ethiopia have experienced a decline in under-5, infant, and neonatal mortality rates in the past three decades, the rate of change was not large enough to meet the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Inter-regional disparities in under 5 mortality also remain significant, with the biggest differences being in the neonatal period. A concerted effort is required to improve neonatal survival and lessen regional disparity, which may require strengthening essential obstetric and neonatal care services, among others. Our study also highlights the urgent need for primary studies to improve the accuracy of regional estimates in Ethiopia, particularly in pastoralist regions.
Towards sustainable emergence transportation system for maternal and new born: Lessons from the m-mama innovative pilot program in Shinyanga, Tanzania
Authors: Njiro Belinda J. , Ngowi Jackline E. , Mlunde Linda , Munishi Castory , Kapologwe Ntuli , Kengia James T. , Deng Linda , Timbrell Alice , Kitinya Wilson J. , Sunguya Bruno F.
Published: June 2023

Maternal mortality comprises about 10% of all deaths among women of reproductive age (15–49 years). More than 90% of such deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In this study, we aimed to document lessons learnt and best practices toward sustainability of the m-mama program for reducing maternal and newborn mortality in Tanzania. We conducted a qualitative study from February to March 2022 in Kahama and Kishapu district councils of Shinyanga region. A total of 20 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and four Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted among key stakeholders. The participants included implementing partners and beneficiaries, Community Care groups (CCGs) facilitators, health facility staff, drivers and dispatchers. We gathered data on their experience with the program, services offered, and recommendations to improve program sustainability. We based the discussion of our findings on the integrated sustainability framework (ISF). Thematic analysis was conducted to summarize the results. To ensure the sustainability of the program, these were recommended. First, active involvement of the government to complement community efforts, through the provision and maintenance of resources including a timely and inclusive budget, dedicated staff, infrastructure development and maintenance. Secondly, support from different stakeholders through a well-coordinated partnership with the government and local facilities. Third, continued capacity building for implementers, health care workers (HCWs) and community health workers (CHWs) and community awareness to increase program trust and services utilization. Dissemination and sharing of evidence and lesson learnt from successful program activities and close monitoring of implemented activities is necessary to ensure smooth, well-coordinated delivery of proposed strategies. Considering the temporality of the external funding, for successful implementation of the program, we propose a package of three key actions; first, strengthening government ownership and engagement at an earlier stage, secondly, promoting community awareness and commitment and lastly, maintaining a well-coordinated multi-stakeholder’ involvement during program implementation.
Research on improved level set image segmentation method
Authors: Zhang Mei , Meng Dan , Liu Lingling , Wen Jinghua
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional level set model which only has good robustness to the weak boundary and strong noise of the original target image, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on the no-weight initialization level set model, introducing bilateral filters and using implicit surface level sets to extract and segment the original target image object more accurately, clearly and intuitively in the evolution process. The experimental simulation results show that, compared with the traditional non-reinitialized level set model segmentation method, the improved method can more accurately extract the edge contours of the target image object, and has better edge contour extraction effect, and the original target noise reduction effect of the improved model is better than that of the model before the improvement. The original target image object edge contour takes less time to extract than the conventional non-reinitialized level set model before the improvement.
Impact of severe aortic stenosis on quality of life
Authors: Gracia Baena Juan Manuel , Marsal Mora Josep Ramon , Llorca Cardeñosa Sara , Calaf Vall Imma , Zielonka Marta , Godoy Pere
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Among individuals ≥ 65 years old, aortic stenosis is highly prevalent and the number of cases is expected to increase in the coming decades, due to the increased life expectancy. Nevertheless, the actual aortic stenosis burden is not well known in population settings and the impact of aortic stenosis on quality of life has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate aortic stenosis impact on health-related quality of life in patients > 65 years old.

Methods

An epidemiological case-control study was carried out to compare quality of life in patients ≥65 years old with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Demographical and clinical information was prospectively obtained and quality of life information was collected with the Short Form Health Survey_v2 (SF-12) questionnaire. The association between quality of life and aortic stenosis was determined using multiple logistic regression models.

Results

Patients with severe aortic stenosis self-perceived worse quality of life on all dimensions and summary components of the SF-12 questionnaire. In the final multiple logistic regression model a significant inverse association was observed between the dimensions ‘physical role’ and ‘social role’ (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005) and an association close to significance with ‘physical role’ (p = 0.052) of the SF-12 questionnaire.

Conclusion

The use of quality of life scales allows the assessment of the impact of aortic stenosis on quality of life and may improve the therapeutic approach to severe aortic stenosis, providing evidence for patient‐centered care.
Analysis of clinical and hematological characteristics and search for hemoparasites in owls (Strigiformes: ‎Strigidae) seized or rescued from the Atlantic Forest biome of the Rio de Janeiro (southeastern Brazil)
Authors: Araujo Sabrina Toledo de , Campos Sabrina Destri Emmerick , Takitani Andrea Yuri , Pires Jeferson Rocha , Souza Aline Moreira de , Almosny Nádia Regina Pereira
Published: June 2023

Hemoparasitism is known to vary according to the presence of vectors and hosts, and hematological examination can be a useful tool for early diagnosis in avian medicine, contributing to monitoring and conservation of bird populations. In this context, we aimed to analyze the clinical and hematological aspects of free-ranging owls seized or rescued from the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals, with or without clinical signs of diseases, were studied regardless of their age, sex, and physical status. Blood samples were collected and complete blood counts were carried out. Five different species were obtained in this study. These species were Megascops choliba (50%), Asio clamator (18.75%), Athene cunicularia (18.75%), Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana (6.25%), and Strix huhula (6.25%). Orphaned birds and traumatic injuries were the causes of admission to the wildlife rehabilitation facility. The search for hemoparasites revealed infection by protozoa of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Trypanosoma. We concluded that hematological findings in seized or rescued owls predominantly suggested the presence of stress or inflammation resulting from post-traumatic situations. The causes of admission were mostly due to human interference, which demonstrates to have a negative impact on the health aspect of owl populations in urban centers, such as Rio de Janeiro. Blood protozoa are circulating among the different populations of owls and although infection by Haemoproteus spp. and Trypanosoma spp. seems to trigger a low pathogenic potential, Plasmodium infection may indicate unfavorable prognosis, endangering wild species.
Agronomic characteristics and optimized sweet potato root production in monoculture under green manuring
Authors: Freitas Isaac Alves da Silva , Bezerra Neto Francisco , Lima Jailma Suerda Silva de , Silva Jéssica Paloma Pinheiro da , Ferreira Rayanna Campos , Guerra Natan Medeiros
Published: June 2023

One of the challenges of the scientific research on sweet potatoes in semi-arid environments is to increase biomass amounts of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome, such as hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait.), for use as green fertilizers during cultivation. Therefore, this study aimed to agronomically and economically optimize the agronomic characteristics of sweet potato root production in a monoculture, fertilized with equal amounts of biomass mixture of these spontaneous species, over two years of cultivation. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of equal amounts of hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass at 16, 29, 42, 55, and 68 t ha-1 on a dry basis. An additional sweet potato treatment was planted in each experiment, one without fertilizers (control) and another with mineral fertilizer, to compare with the treatment of maximum physical or economic efficiency. Sweet potato fertilization obtained the maximum optimized productive efficiency by incorporating 46.97 t ha-1 of dry biomass of M. aegyptia and C. procera into the soil. The maximum optimized agroeconomic efficiency (based on net income) of sweet potato cultivation occurred by adding 41.55 t ha-1 of dry biomass of M. aegyptia and C. procera to the soil. Using biomass from the green fertilizers M. aegyptia and C. procera is a viable technology for producers who practice sweet potato monocropping in semi-arid environments.