bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National healthcare programs and policies in India:an ontological analysis
Authors: Sastry Nanda Kumar Bidare , Madhumitha Monisha , Ramaprasad Arkalgud , Syn Thant
Published: January 2017

Background: The healthcare system in India is facing multitude of challenges owing to the changing epidemiology of health as well as diseases. Despite having the distinction of being one of the largest public healthcare delivery systems in the world, our health indicators reflect a grim picture in comparison to global targets. India has large number of national healthcare programs and sub-programs, policies, and legislations. Though they are meant to be inclusive and comprehensive the results are far from the desired vision.Methods: Using a logically constructed ontology based on the common body of knowledge as a lens, we map all the programs and policies to reveal the ‘bright’, ‘light’, and ‘blind/blank’ spots in them. The ontological maps are constructed at different levels of granularity–monads and dyads. They provide a synoptic, systematic, and systemic assessment of the policies while highlighting their emphases and biases.Results: In terms of the Focus, the dominant focus of the programs and policies is on information (30) and education (39), drugs (26), administration (31), finance (24), and treatment (28). These are the ‘bright’ spots. Their secondary focus is on technology (18), personnel-staff (12), personnel-physician-specialist (7), and personnel-nurses (8). These are the ‘light’ spots. The tertiary focus is on insurance (4). These are the ‘blind/blank’ spots.Conclusions: The coverage of the National Programs/Policies on healthcare, viewed through the lens of the ontology is patchy. Yet, overall, almost all elements in the ontology find expression in at least one program/policy – an indicator of their extensive coverage. There is absence of frequent co-occurrence of the outcomes, except quality and accessibility. This paper presents the first step in a program of research which can be used to analyse and direct healthcare policy globally, nationally, and locally.
Farmers’ suicide and mental disorders perspectives in research approaches-comparison between- India and Australia
Authors: Ramadas Smitha , Kuttichira Praveenlal
Published: January 2017

Background: Almost 90% of persons who commit or attempt suicide has a diagnosable mental disorder. Farmers are an occupational category with high suicide risk and their risk is more than   that of the non-farming population. But there is no conclusive evidence as to whether farmers have more psychiatric morbidity than the general population. Are other causes also attributable to the increased suicide risk of farmers? Since research data about this is inconclusive, we decided to compare the research approaches and findings on farmers’ suicide conducted by mental health professionals with that of other professionals.Methods: A systematic search of published literature on farmers’ suicide for a period of 10 years from 2002 to 2012 was conducted using the electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, using the keywords “farmers’ suicide”.Results: 49 articles were retrieved through PubMed search and 24,800 articles through Google scholar search. PubMed retrieved and Google Scholar retrieved articles were then compared keeping Australia and India as reference points.Conclusions: Comprehensive studies on farmers’ suicide, analyzing the diverse perspectives and causes, objectively and concurrently were lacking, especially from India. The Australian studies had attempted to include multifaceted perspectives on research about farmers’ suicide .There were no studies from India about interventions or their impact on farmers’ suicide. A segmented approach into farmers’ suicide research has its limitations. Novel methodologies incorporating diverse perspectives is needed from India for better understanding of the enigma of farmers’ suicide, so that steps can be taken to address such a public health and social issue.
Medida das desigualdades de aprendizado entre estudantes de ensino fundamental
Authors: Soares José Francisco , Delgado Victor Maia Senna
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, uma situação de igualdade educacional é definida como aquela em que quaisquer grupos de estudantes têm a mesma distribuição de desempenho cujos valores correspondem a aprendizados que os habilitam a uma inserção produtiva e pessoalmente satisfatória na sociedade. O principal objetivo desse texto é introduzir um indicador de desigualdade educacional definido como a distância entre a distribuição ideal de desempenho e a observada em um dado grupo de estudantes. As análises apresentadas mostram que as desigualdades no ensino fundamental brasileiro são muito grandes e que nunca desaparecerão caso as melhorias continuem no ritmo atual.

Palavras-chave: Indicadores Educacionais; Desigualdades Educacionais; Prova Brasil; Ensino Fundamental.

 

Medición de las desigualdades de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de la educación básica

Resumen:

En este artículo se define una situación de igualdad educacional como aquella en la que cualesquiera grupos de estudiantes tienen la misma distribución de desempeño cuyos valores corresponden a aprendizajes que los habilitan a una inserción productiva y personalmente satisfactoria en la sociedad. El principal objetivo de este texto es el de introducir un indicador de desigualdad educacional definido como la distancia entre la distribución ideal de desempeño y la observada en un determinado grupo de estudiantes. Los análisis presentados muestran que las desigualdades en la educación básica brasileña son muy grandes y que nunca desaparecerán si las mejoras sigan ocurriendo en el actual ritmo.

Palabras Clave: Indicadores Educacionales; Desigualdades Educacionales; Prova Brasil; Educación Básica.

 

Assessment of learning inequalities among elementary school students

Abstract:

Educational equality, as defined in this article, is a condition in which any group of students presents the same performance distribution whose values match the learning experiences that enable them to have a productive and personally satisfying insertion into society. The main objective of this article is to introduce an indicator of educational inequality defined as the gap between the ideal performance distribution and that observed in a given group of students. The analyses presented here show that inequality in Brazilian elementary schools is very large and will never disappear if the improvements continue at the current pace.

Keywords: Educational Indicators; Educational Inequalities; Prova Brasil; Basic Education.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: January 2017

 

 
Agradecimentos
Authors: Comitê Editorial Comitê
Published: January 2017

 

 

 

 
Aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais do reuso de águas residuárias em uma comunidade rural localizada no município de Apodi-RN
Authors: Morais Maria Alcilene , Silva Gleydson de Freitas , Sizenando Filho Francisco Aires , Santos Anderson Alves , Ismael Luara Lourenço
Published: January 2017

A utilização da água residuária na produção agrícola é uma alternativa sustentável do ponto de vista ambiental e, sobretudo econômica para a realidade da região Semiárida do Brasil. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico analisando o nível de satisfação de uma comunidade rural em relação ao reuso e seus benefícios sociais e ambientais. A pesquisa foi realizada no Projeto de Assentamento Milagre, localizado no município de Apodi no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia de análise foi por meio de aplicação de questionários com as famílias que correspondem um total de 26 casas. O período de aplicação dos questionários se deu no mês de junho de 2013. Constatou-se quanto aos aspectos socioeconômicos que as crianças de 0-3 anos de idade não dispõem de nenhum acompanhamento escolar. O estado civil dos chefes da família correspondia a 12% casados, 10% assumem uma união consensual e 1% dos assentados são viúvos. A maioria das famílias entrevistadas residem no próprio assentamento e 95% dos moradores trabalham na própria agricultura. Em relação à percepção dos moradores quanto ao reuso de água, foi possível observar que dentre os entrevistados a maioria responderam que com a ausência de esgoto a céu aberto ocorreu uma redução da proliferação de insetos e vetores, resultando em uma visão mais agradável da comunidade.  

Aspects socioeconomic and environmental of the reuse of wastewater in a rural community in the municipality of Apodi-RN

Abstract: The use of wastewater in agriculture is a sustainable alternative from an environmental point of view and especially economic for the reality of the semi-arid region of Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the socioeconomic profile and analyze the level of satisfaction of a rural community in relation to reuse and its social and environmental benefits. The survey was conducted in the settlement Miracle Project, located in the municipality of Apodi / RN. The analysis methodology was through questionnaires with families matching a total of 26 homes. The questionnaires application period took place in June 2013. It was found as the socioeconomic aspects that children 0-3 years old lacked any school support. The marital status of head of household accounted for 12% married, 10% are of consensual union and 1% of the settlers are widowers. Most families interviewed live on the settlements and 95% of residents work in agriculture itself. Regarding the perception of residents regarding water reuse was observed that among the respondents most responded that with the absence of open sewage there was a reduction of proliferation of insects and vectors, resulting in a more pleasant view of community.

 
Demographic Dividend : The Evolving Paradigm of Indian Polity
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dhamija Somesh , Dhamija Aruna
Published: January 2017

Any election in a democratic nation like India is hugely influenced
by the numerous demographic factors. Age is definitely one of
them. In no other election the impact of the same was more
prominent than the last lok sabha election. Around 150 million
people, aged 18-23 years were qualified to vote for the first time.
Such a huge number is equivalent to the voting population of
many European nations. Naturally, they were touted to be the
game-changers in this regard and the final tally only confirmed
that. Prior to the election, it was found that, on an average, 1.79
lakh new voters were to be added to each of the 543 constituencies
across the country. Approximately 24 percent of them, or 43,000
were to be first-timer voters. To gauge the significance of the
same and put into perspective, the 2009 lok sabha election,
predecessor to the last election, witnessed a winning margin of
less than this in 226 of the constituencies which went into the
election. This research paper would delve upon the interesting
aspects related to the same and would analyze the role that youth
played in the general election, the influence they wielded on the
performance of each of the two major parties and candidates.
The youth voted like never before in the history of Indian politics.
It would highlight the uniqueness of this election as compared to
other elections in the Indian political history with regard to one
of the most significant demographic factors.
Dynamics for the Acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems and Financial Performance
Authors: Jain Pallavi , Tyagi Jai Kishore
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this research paper to present thesynthesized
theoretical and empirical literature to help in thedevelopment of propositions and suggestions of a researchagenda on the
acceptance of ERP systems and their link with financial performance. The paper develops the technologyacceptance
model (TAM) to synthesize relevant literature andto develop proposition for future research agendas. This researchprovides
a positive association between the acceptance of ERPsystems and financial performance. Also, the use of TAMtheory provides
further insight into identifying the acceptancefactors of ERP.
Use of Altman’s Z score and Merton Model by Banks to Predict Bankruptcy in Indian Corporates
Authors: Kalsie Anjala , Arora Ashima
Published: January 2017

There has been a recent increase in the financial distress in
assets of the banking industry. Constant defaults by corporate houses have led banks reach gross NPA levels of 5%.One major
reason for this rise can be improper risk assessment by banks while giving out loans and improper monitoring of their portfolio
companies. And further Indian banks do not use the most robust risk assessment tools and fail in taking early warning action.
The paper tries to use two popular models, namely the Altman Zscore model and the Merton Model to predict financial distress
in companies which have been the top defaulters in the recent past.The paper tried to determine whether such models are
effective in predicting financial distress and how much before the occurrence of the actual event. Financial ratios and other
quantitative data from March 2009- March 2013 forms the sample for the study for Kingfisher Airlines, MoserBaer, Gammon
India, Educomp Solutions and Deccan Chronicles. The study found Merton model to be a better indicator of financial distress
(of companies) than Altman Z score model. However, none of the models were able to judge the possibility of default at the time
of issuance of loan indicating at its limitation. Nevertheless, these models which essentially are data driven for assessing the
credit risk must widely be used by banks more often, replacing the existing reliance on simple ratios and intuition method.
Building Across –Platform Mobile Apps Using Phone Gap
Authors: Singh Neetu
Published: January 2017

Phone Gap is a mobile development framework produced by
Nitobi, purchased by Adobe Systems. It enables software
programmers to build applications for mobile devices using
JavaScript, HTML5 and CSS3, instead of device-specific
languages such as Objective-C or Java. The resulting
applications are hybrid, meaning that they are neither truly native
nor purely web-based.
The software underlying PhoneGap is Apache Cordova. The
software was previously called just “PhoneGap”, then “Apache
Callback”. Apache Cordova is open source software.
Relative Study of Automated Testing Tools: Selenium, Quick Test Professional and Test complete
Authors: Mendiratta Nancy , Kumar Rohit
Published: January 2017

Programming testing gives a way to diminish blunders, cut
upkeep and general programming costs. Testing has turned out
to be most imperative parameter on account of programming
advancement lifecycle (SDLC). Testing computerization devices
empowers designers and analyzers to effectively robotize the
whole procedure of testing in programming advancement. It is
to look at and adjust source code. Viable Testing creates amazing
programming. The goal of the paper is to direct a near
investigation of mechanized instruments, for example, accessible
in business sector in Selenium free source, HP Quick test
proficient (QTP) and Test Complete (TC). The point of this
examination paper is to assess and contrast three computerized
programming testing devices with decide their ease of use and
adequacy. There is wide assortment of programming testing
devices accessible in business sector. Programming testing
instruments has real elements
An Insight into the Theoretical Perspectives of the Digital Media Strategies in the 21st Century Political Campaigns
Authors: Alam Manawwar
Published: January 2017

In recent years, digital media have become an integral part of
political communication during election campaigns. Internet has
become an important platform for marginalized and fringed
parties, candidates, groups and people to establish an alternative
political dialogue to a wider section of society which was earlier
not possible for them.
Social media has turned a great boom when concerned to connect
people. It has enabled us find countless area specific people in
one click to target them for a specific programme or scheme.
Digital media has changed the pattern of election campaigning.
Youth have now joined the campaign and become the part of
voting.
The Internet provides an arena of informing, involving, mobilizing
and connecting activity among the political parties, political
candidates, party workers and followers and voters.
New digital media has made it easier to get in touch, keep in
touch with the party workers, prospective supporters and voters.
The internet has become a vehicle through which the opinion of
common people can be expressed on matters normally reserved
for political leaders. The speed with which digital media
communication is being adopted by political parties,
representatives and electoral candidates varies according to
social, cultural, economic and democratic context.
The digital media can enable both politicians and citizens to
communicate and serve democratic activities, such as election
campaigns.
Most of the new media applications and platforms like face book,
twitter, multimedia mobile telephones have been used by the
political parties and their candidates during elections.
A Study on the Use of Video Conferencing for Agricultural Administration in the Government of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Malliswari S. Naga
Published: January 2017

India is Agriculture based country. Farmer is the backbone of
the Nation and 80%of the people are depending on agriculture.
Govt. of India and Andhra Pradesh are giving priority to the
cultivation. In these days The New Information and
Communication Technologies are changing the pattern of work,
play, interact, experience and involve the people in various
spheres of endeavor. Information and communication
technologies are important tools of The Government of Andhra
Pradesh to become SMART (simple, moral, accountable,
responsive and transparent). Andhra Pradesh is the first state
in India to design a state. Video conferencing is a two-way audio
video meeting in real time between and amongst people present
at geographically dispersed locations.
Islamophobia and the Ethics of Media: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Patnaik Soma
Published: January 2017

The paper seeks to understand how media in the globalising
world has contributed to the creation, advocacy as well as
reactions to Islamophobic sentiments, resulting cultural
boundaries and stereotypes across the world. Functionally,
Islamophobia is a shorthand term referring to the “dread or
hatred of Islam” and therefore a “fear and dislike of Muslims”.
The paper systematically reveals how “Islamophobia” which is
itself an irrational attitude, is socially constructed with the aid of
the media. While on one hand the media erects the supporting
walls of Islamophobia, on the other, it also provides a platform
for its criticism and reactions. The paper also sheds light on
how media representations of terror attacks serves in
“educating” populations of different countries and in creating a
“global” sentiment. Yet, such a global sentiment, as the paper
shall reveal, does not integrate the cultures; rather it widens the
gap. However, if media persons instead choose to take up the
issue as a moral responsibility, they can even bridge this gap
and help in applying a curative balm on the global sentiment.
Doença de Chagas no Brasil, foco no estado do Tocantins e a importância dos bancos de sangue para a identificação de novos casos
Authors: De Oliveira Sousa Sílvia Fernanda Porto , Rondelli Giuliana Paola Hoeppner , Dias Julliany Lopes , Nascimento Guilherme Nobre L. do
Published: January 2017

Como o controle do vetor Triatoma infestans foi realizada no Brasil, o perfil de transmissão da doença de Chagas (CD) foi modificado, com um aumento do interesse de outras vias, incluindo a transfusão. Logo este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o CD no Brasil, com foco no estado de Tocantins, e fazer uma análise da importância dos bancos de sangue na delimitação de novos casos. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em um período de 2007 a 2014. A região Norte, onde está situado o estado de Tocantins, concentra 90% dos casos do Brasil. Hoje em dia, 80% das cidades em TO estão em risco de ter a transmissão da doença, devido a invasão de casas por espécie selvagem vetor, causado pelo impacto ambiental resultante da ação do homem em áreas naturais. O maior número de pessoas infectadas no Tocantins está na faixa etária de potenciais doadores de sangue. Devido estudos que demonstram a eficácia no controle da transmissão e métodos de detecção de CD em doadores de sangue transfusão, podemos concluir que os bancos de sangue têm importância no rastreamento e diagnóstico de novos casos.
ברא bārā – como termo da criação do mundo e seu uso no Antigo Testamento
Authors: Böhl Franz
Published: January 2017

O termo técnico para “criar” é ברא. Uma conexão com  ברא Piel “fazer incisão, corte ou talho; cortar; entalhar; abater (árvores); arrotear” é provável, mas não pode ser afirmada com certeza absoluta. Em favor dessa conexão talvez pudesse ser aduzida a existência de um particípio Qal numa inscrição votiva púnica. Nesta inscrição,ֹ בֺּרֵא aparece como título ao lado de um antropônimo masculino, não podendo, de forma alguma, significar “criador”; o mais provável seria um significado como “entalhador, escultor” ou algo parecido. A partir daí, também se torna atraente a suposição de um nexo etimológico com באר Piel “entalhar, cavar” (de cuja raiz derivam בֹּאר e בְּאֵר “poço”).
O silêncio e imagens do exílio: hermenêutica da poética do Quarto Canto do ‘eved Yhwh
Authors: Santos João Batista Ribeiro
Published: January 2017

Esta pesquisa analisar hermeneuticamente o Quarto Canto do ‘eved Yhwh (Isaías 52,13–53,12), cujo objetivo é postular a linguística da composição poética para que seja demonstrado que o plano de fundo dos contextos reconfigura a estrutura de sociedade imperial. Nossa hipótese é que o escravo é o sujeito desfigurado fisicamente por aquela sociedade, iconizado na memória cultural comunitária como um profeta.
O Monopólio do Sagrado: o embate entre o Cristianismo Rústico e o Catolicismo Ultra-montano na Guerra Sertaneja do Contestado
Authors: Silva Lopes Alfredo Ricardo
Published: January 2017

A Guerra Sertaneja do Contestado (1912-1916) foi um acontecimento marcante na história brasileira, em especial na catarinense, em decorrência da sua natureza híbrida, que repousa sobre expectativas milenaristas e religiosas somadas ao descontentamento político e a opressão. Tais elementos são constantes na recente discussão historiográfica sobre a realidade cabocla. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as disputas pelo monopólio da relação com a transcendência produzida no embate entre o Ultra-montanismo Romano e o Cristianismo Rústico Caboclo, com apoio das considerações sobre gênese e estrutura do campo religioso de Pierre Bourdieu. Neste contexto, Franciscanos e monges caboclos emergem como principais protagonistas de uma querela religiosa que repousa sobre diferentes concepções de mundo que entra em crise na conjuntura da recém-estabelecida República Brasileira.
O MOVIMENTO DA REFORMA PROTESTANTE & OS PROCESSOS DE MIDIATIZAÇÃO RELIGIOSA
Authors: Budke Sidnei
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é reunir estudos teológicos e interdisciplinares relacionados ao envolvimento do cristianismo com os diferentes processos de midiatização religiosa.  O autor estabelece conexões entre os referenciais teóricos contemporâneos e o pensamento eclesiológico de Martim Lutero ao destacar que é preciso reconhecer a Igreja não apenas na condição de passiva às interferências dos processos de midiatização, mas protagonista de uma variedade de ambiências de comunicação humana e religiosa.
A conexão entre Qal ברא e Piel ברא na Bíblia Hebraica – reação a Franz Böhl
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: January 2017

Reação ao texto “ברא bārā – como termo da criação do mundo e seu uso no Antigo Testamento”, de Franz Böhl, publicado em 1913 e traduzido e publicado na presente edição da revista Reflexus. O artigo de Böhl discute a relação entre os troncos Qal e Piel da raiz hebraica ברא, concluindo que se trata de raízes distintas, o que explica, na sua ótica, a ausência de conexão entre elas na Bíblia Hebraica. Contrariamente a Böhl, postula-se haver conexão etimológica e semântica entre Qal e Piel de ברא, inclusive na Bíblia Hebraica, como se pode depreender, por exemplo, de Is 65,17-18 e Sl 102,13-19, resultando invisível para os pesquisadores a referida conexão por força de aplicar-se à raiz o sentido de “criação” próprio da história dos efeitos da raiz, e não o sentido histórico-traditivo com que se pode manejar ברא no conjunto da Bíblia Hebraica.
Homilética da Reforma – Reforma da Homilética: uma reflexão sobre a pregação cristã no contexto brasileiro a partir de princípios homiléticos de Martim Lutero
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar
Published: January 2017

Dentro do dossiê “Tradições Protestantes: Leitura Bíblica e Hermenêutica”, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a homilética da Reforma, resgatando aspectos fundamentais da hermenêutica reformatória, sobretudo em torno a compreensão da palavra de Deus por parte de Martim Lutero, bem como, aspectos práticos da homilética do reformador. Considerando também as comemorações dos 500 anos da Reforma, a contribuição do artigo é, além do resgate dos elementos desta tradição, apontar pistas para a reflexão em torno à homilética e a pregação na atualidade e no contexto brasileiro. O artigo inicia como uma reflexão sobre a concepção de palavra de Deus em Lutero. Nas partes seguintes trabalha-se aspectos de uma homilética luterana e do próprio Lutero, para, no final, apresentar uma reflexão sobre os desafios da pregação do Evangelho no contexto.Within the file “Protestant Traditions: Scripture Reading and Hermeneutics”, this article aims to reflect on homiletics of the Reform, rescuing fundamental aspects of Reformation hermeneutics, especially around the understanding of the Word of God by Martin Luther as well, practical aspects of the reformer homiletics. Considering also the celebrations of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, the contribution of the article is not only the rescue of the elements of this tradition, but also point out clues to the reflection on the homiletics and preaching now, in the Brazilian context. The article begins as a reflection on the concept of the Word of God in Luther. In the following parts working up aspects of a Lutheran homiletics and of Luther himself, and on the end, present a reflection on the challenges of preaching the Gospel in the context.
La Hermenéutica de Lutero en las Lecciones sobre Romanos
Authors: Londoño Juan Esteban
Published: January 2017

Este artículo se concentra en explorar la metodología exegética y hermenéutica de Martín Lutero en sus Lecciones sobre la Carta a los Romanos (1515-1516). El reformador es un punto de intersección entre el Paradigma Medieval, en su continuidad con el pensamiento de Agustín, y el paradigma de la Reforma Protestante, que centra la autoridad de la fe en la Escritura.This paper explores the exegetical and hermeneutical methodology of Martin Luther in his Lectures on Romans (1515-1516). The reformer is a point of intersection between the Medieval Paradigm in continuity with the thought of Augustine, and the paradigm of the Protestant Reformation, which focuses the authority of faith in the Scripture.
A interpretação de Calvino do livro de Daniel
Authors: Filho José Adriano
Published: January 2017

Os profetas do Antigo Testamento tinham grande significado para João Calvino. Há, tanto em suas prédicas quanto preleções, um projeto de interpretação dos profetas. As preleções sobre os profetas (1555-1564) tinham como principal público “os estudantes”, “os ministros” e “outros ouvintes”, grupos que estavam associados aos esforços empreendidos na difusão da fé reformada na França. É provável que os estudantes fossem os ouvintes primários das preleções, especialmente no período posterior à inauguração da Academia de Genebra (1559), a qual pretendia “preparar jovens para o ministério e para o governo civil”, especialmente os futuros líderes da Igreja na França. Entre esses comentários e preleções, destaca-se o comentário ao livro de Daniel, no qual Calvino estabelece uma relação entre a situação de sofrimento vivida pelo povo de Deus na época de Daniel com a situação das igrejas na França, no momento em que a Reforma lançava ali suas raízes e nos primeiros anos do seu desenvolvimento.The books of the prophets were highly estimated by John Calvin, and both his sermons and lectures present a project of interpretation of the prophets. The Lectures on the prophets (1555-1564) were attended by “students”, “ministers” and “other listeners”, groups that were associated with the efforts in spreading the Reformed faith in France. Probably, the students were the primary audience of the Lectures, especially in the beginnings of the Geneva Academy (1559), which intended to “prepare young people for the ministry and the civil government”, especially the future leaders of the Church in France. Among these Commentaries and Lectures, the commentary to the book of Daniel Calvin establishes a link between the situation of suffering experienced by the people of God in Daniel's time with the situation of the churches in the beginning of Reformation in France and in the early years of its development.
Apresentação
Authors: Filho José Adriano
Published: January 2017

Apresentação Reflexus 16.
Influence of Synthesis Variables on the Textural Properties of Mesoporous Carbon Xerogels
Authors: Mahata Nagendranath , Hansda Kamala Mandy , Neogi Gorachand , Mahato Nihar  Ranjan
Published: January 2017

Influence of synthesis variables on the textural properties of mesoporous carbon xerogels is studied. Variables explored in synthesizing mesoporous carbon xerogels (CX) are: (i) initial formaldehyde/resorcinol molar ratio in preparing the sol, (ii) pH of sol-gel processing, (iii) temperature of gelling and subsequent curing of the gel, and (iv) mode of subcritical drying of the wet gel. Making of sol having formaldehyde/resorcinol molar ratio little higher than 2 and sol-gel processing at pH around 6 resulted in carbon xerogel with wide pores. Curing of gel at higher temperature resulted in carbon xerogel with narrower pores. Drying of the organic gel after exchanging water with low boiling organic solvent was highly beneficial in obtaining carbon xerogel with wider pores along with larger mesoporous area.
Enhanced Privacy and Security in Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Manjula T. , Sowjanya P.
Published: January 2017

Mobile cloud computing is computing of Mobile application through cloud. Now days, market of mobile phones is growing rapidly. According to IDC, the premier global market intelligence firm, the worldwide Smartphone market grew 42.5% year over year in the first quarter of 2012.With the growing demand of Smartphone the demand for fast computation is also growing. In spite of comparatively more processing power and storage capability of Smartphone’s, they still lag behind Personal Computers in meeting processing and storage demands of high end applications like speech recognition, security software, gaming, health services etc. Mobile cloud computing is an answer to intensive processing and storage demand of real-time and high end applications. Mobile cloud is most emerging factor in this century. Being in nascent stage, Mobile Cloud Computing has privacy and security issues which deter the users from adopting this technology. Privacy and security is the most important factors in mobile cloud. This paper mainly explains about both of them. This review paper throws light on privacy and security issues of Mobile Cloud Computing.
Mentoring a Conceptual Framework for Bridging Gap between Indian Academia and Industry
Authors: Thapliyal Kavita
Published: January 2017

It is presumed that by the year 2030, India will be having the youngest population Globally (Jaipuria, 2014). As per the world educational scenario, Indian education system will be the hub for 1:4 graduates in the world. Since text books are being replaced by virtual books, Google is fast becoming people’s ever available and best teacher. Although Indian Education System is scaling new heights worldwide, yet there is a vital cog missing in this Educational foray, which is refraining its frontrunners to be in sync with the other verticals of the cycle namely Teachers, Students, Education system, Teaching Pedagogy and foremost the Industry. Keeping all the parameters in mind, this research paper fosters in understanding the need of ‘Mentors’, introspecting through Indian Educational and Industrial Mirror. The emphasis on skill based Education and Professional Enhancement is designed through a conceptual framework for bridging the gap between Indian academia and industry
Plasma Polymerization SnOxCy Organic-like Films and Grafted PNIPAAm Composite Hydrogel with Nanogold Particles for Promotion Thermal Resistive Properties
Authors: Chou Chin-Yen , Chen Ko-Shao , Lin Win-Li , Ye Ying-Cian , Liao Shu-Chuan
Published: January 2017

In this study, a new type of temperature sensor device was developed. The circular electrode of the thermal sensitive sensor was modified with TMT and O2 plasma to enhance the conductivity by forming a thin SnOxCy layer on the electrode surface. The Nano-Au particles were subjected to O2 plasma pretreatment to form peroxide groups on the surface. The thermally sensitive sensor was made by mixing the above-treated Nano-Au particles with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) to form solution and then UV-induced grafting polymerization of the NIPAAm-containing solution onto the electrode substrate. The composite hydrogels on the electrode introduce thermo-sensitive polymeric surface films for temperature sensing. Using ambient environment resistance test to measure the resistance, the LCST (lower critical solution temperature) of Nano-Au (MUA) mixed with NIPAAm hydrogel was found to be 32 °C. At ambient temperatures higher than LCST, the electrode resistance decreases linearly.
MoS2 Nanosheets Encapsulated in Carbon Nanofibers as Binder-free Anode for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Deng Yakai , Zhan Liang , Wang Yanli , Yang Shubin
Published: January 2017

The one-dimensional MoS2/carbon nanofibers (1D MoS2/CNFs) are synthesized by electrospinning using exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets and polyacrylonitrile as raw materials. The exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets with size of about 150 nm are encapsulated in carbon nanofibers, and the free-standing MoS2/CNFs can be easily cut into flexible tablet and directly used as binder-free anode for lithium storage. The resultant 1D MoS2/CNFs exhibit a very high reversible capacity of 700 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 50 cycles, high rate capacity (450 mAh g-1 at 1000 mA g-1 after 200 cycles) and good cycle stability.
Gendered Sources of Distress and Resilience among Afghan Refugees in Northern California: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Stempel Carl , Sami Nilofar , Koga Patrick Marius , Alemi Qais , Smith Valerie , Shirazi Aida
Published: January 2017

Recent studies have emphasized the influence of resettlement factors on the mental health of refugees resettling in developed countries. However, little research has addressed gender differences in the nature and influence of resettlement stressors and sources of resilience. We address this gap in knowledge by investigating how gender moderates and mediates the influence of several sources of distress and resilience among 259 Afghan refugees residing in northern California. Gender moderated the effects of four factors on levels of distress. Intimate and extended family ties have little correlation with men’s distress levels, but are strongly associated with lower distress for women. English ability is positively associated with lower distress for women, but not men. In terms of gender ideology, traditionally oriented women and egalitarian men have lower levels of distress. And experiencing greater dissonant acculturation increases distress for men, but not women. The influence of gender interaction terms is substantial and patterns may reflect difficulty adapting to a different gender order. Future studies of similar populations should investigate gender differences in sources of distress and resilience, and efforts to assist new arrivals might inform them of changes in gender roles they may experience, and facilitate opportunities to renegotiate gender roles.
Holistic Context-Sensitivity for Run-time Optimization of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Scholze Sebastian , Barata Jose , Stokic Dragan
Published: January 2017

Highly flexible manufacturing systems require continuous run-time (self-) optimization of processes with respect to various parameters, e.g. efficiency, availability, energy consumption etc. A promising approach for achieving (self-) optimization in manufacturing systems is the usage of the context sensitivity approach. Thereby the Cyber-Physical Systems play an important role as sources of information to achieve context sensitivity. In this paper it is demonstrated how context sensitivity can be used to realize a holistic solution for (self-) optimization of discrete flexible manufacturing systems, by making use of Cyber-Physical System integrated in manufacturing systems/processes. A generic approach for context sensitivity, based on self-learning algorithms, is proposed aiming at a various manufacturing systems. The new solution is propos encompassing run-time context extractor and optimizer. Based on the self-learning module both context extraction and optimizer are continuously learning and improving their performance. The solution is following Service Oriented Architecture principles. The generic solution is developed and then applied to two very different manufacturing processes. This paper proposes a holistic solution to achieve context sensitivity for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, whereby the knowledge created by applying the context sensitivity approach can be used for (self-) optimization of manufacturing processes.
Accuracy and Efficiency of Various GMM Inference Techniques in Dynamic Micro Panel Data Models
Authors: Kiviet Jan , Pleus Milan , Poldermans Rutger W.
Published: January 2017

Studies employing Arellano-Bond and Blundell-Bond GMM estimation for single linear dynamic panel data models are growing exponentially in number. However, for researchers it is hard to make a reasoned choice between many different possible implementations of these estimators and associated tests. By simulation the effects are examined of many options regarding: (i) reducing, extending or modifying the set of instruments; (ii) specifying the weighting matrix in relation to the type of heteroskedasticity; (iii) using (robustified) 1-step or (corrected) 2-step variance estimators; (iv) employing 1-step or 2-step residuals in Sargan-Hansen overall or incremental overidentification restrictions tests. This is all done for models in which some regressors may be either strictly exogenous, predetermined or endogenous. Surprisingly, particular asymptotically optimal and relatively robust weighting matrices are found to be superior in finite samples to ostensibly more appropriate versions. Most of the variants of tests for overidentification restrictions show serious deficiencies. A recently developed modification of GMM is found to have great potential when the cross-sectional heteroskedasticity is pronounced and the time-series dimension of the sample not too small. Finally all techniques are employed to actual data and lead to some profound insights.
Vibration Damping Analysis of Lightweight Structures in Machine Tools
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Borboni Alberto , Merlo Angelo , Pellegrini Nicola , Ricatto Raffaele
Published: January 2017

The dynamic behaviour of a machine tool (MT) directly influences the machining performances. The adoption of lightweight structures may reduce the effects of undesired vibrations and increasing the workpiece quality. This paper aims to present and compare a set of hybrid materials that may be excellent candidate to fabricate the MT moving parts. The selected materials have high dynamic characteristics and capacity to damp mechanical vibrations. In this way, starting by the kinematic model of a milling machine that highlights the main critical factors, this study paper evaluates a number of prototypes made of Al Foam sandwiches (AFS), Al Corrugated sandwiches (ACS) and materials reinforced by carbon fibres (CFRP). A set of prototypes has been fabricated, represented the Z-axis ram of a commercial milling machine. The static and dynamical properties have been evaluated by using both FE simulations and experimental tests. The obtained results show that the proposed structures may be a valid alternative to the conventional materials of MT moving parts, increasing machining performances. In particular, the AFS prototype highlighted a damping coefficient that is 20 times greater than a conventional ram (e.g. steel). The CFRP structure is able to satisfy the machining requirements with a reduced weight of 48.5%, while the ACS prototype showed a good trade-off between stiffness and damping. 
A Kinematic Model to Compensate the Structural Deformations in Machine Tools Using Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Borboni Alberto , Faglia Rodolfo , Merlo Angelo , Pellegrini Nicola
Published: January 2017

Structural deformations are one of the most significant factor that affects machine tool (MT) positioning accuracy. These induced errors are complex to be represented by a model, nevertheless they need to be evaluated and predicted in order to increase the machining performance. This paper presents a novel approach to calibrate a machine tool in real-time, analyzing the thermo-mechanical errors through Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors embedded in the MT frame. The proposed configuration consists of an adaptronic structure of passive materials, Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP), equipped by FBG sensors that are able to measure in real-time the deformed conditions of the frame. By using a proper thermo-mechanical kinematic model, the displacement of the end effector may be predicted and corrected when it is subjected to external undesired factors. By starting from a set of FE simulations to develop a model able to describe the MT structure stresses, a prototype has been fabricated and tested. The scope was to compare the numerical model with the experimental tests using FBG sensors. The experimental campaign has been performed varying the structure temperature over time and measuring the tool tip point (TTP) positions. The obtained results showed a substantial matching between the real and the predicted position of TTP confirming the effectiveness of the proposed calibration system.
Can Amateur Football Help Players Meet the Requirements for a Healthy Lifestyle? A Case Study
Authors: Fernandez-Rio Javier , Antón-Candanedo Alejandro , García-del Bosque Jorge
Published: January 2017

The main goal of the study was to obtain objective measures of the impact of a complete pre-season of amateur football on the players’ physical activity parameters. 17 amateur football players (24.47 ± 4.53 years) enrolled in the same team agreed to participate. They were asked to wear one accelerometer on the right hip during each training practice. Moderate-to-Vigorous physical activity (MVPA), steps and metabolic-equivalent (METs), among other parameters, were obtained and analyzed. Results showed that players spent an average 54.86% of each training session in MVPA levels, for a total of 100.33 minutes every week (3 training sessions per week). Therefore, this group of amateur football players did not meet the requirements to obtain health benefits from their physical activity program: amateur football. This finding could be considered noteworthy because there are thousands of adults worldwide who play amateur football to maintain a healthy lifestyle. They should be aware that their weekly training load is not enough to help them meet the necessary requirements. They either need more practice time (90-minute sessions) or more sessions. The pre-season training program was rated as “somewhat hard” by the participants, and quadriceps and hamstrings were mentioned as the most exerted muscles
Dynamic Threshold Selection for the Classification of Large Water Bodies within Landsat-8 OLI Water Index Images
Authors: Zhang Fangfang , Li Junsheng , Shen Qian , Zhang Bing , Ye Huping , Wang Shenglei , Lu Zhaoyi
Published: January 2017

Surface water distribution extracted from remote sensing data has been used in water resource assessment, coastal management, and environmental change studies. Traditional manual methods for extracting water bodies cannot satisfy the requirements for mass processing of remote sensing data; therefore, accurate automated extraction of such water bodies has remained a challenge. The histogram bimodal method (HBM) is a frequently used objective tool for threshold selection in image segmentation. The threshold is determined by seeking twin peaks, and the valley values between them; however, automatically calculating the threshold is difficult because complex surfaces and image noise which lead to not perfect twin peaks (single or multiple peaks). We developed an operational automated water extraction method, the modified histogram bimodal method (MHBM). The MHBM defines the threshold range of water extraction through mass static data; therefore, it does not require the identification of twin histogram peaks. It then seeks the minimum values in the threshold range to achieve automated threshold. We calibrated the MHBM for many lakes in China using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images, for which the relative error (RE) and squared correlation coefficient (R2) for threshold accuracy were found to be 2.1% and 0.96, respectively. The RE and root-mean-square error (RMSE) for the area accuracy of MHBM were 0.59% and 7.4 km2. The results show that the MHBM could easily be applied to mass time-series remote sensing data to calculate water thresholds within water index images and successfully extract the spatial distribution of large water bodies automatically.
Relationship between Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Etiology of Liver Disease in Saudi Arabian Patients
Authors: Farag Rand , Alayobi Dujana , Alsaleh Khalid , Serour Ehab , Kwon Hye-Joo , El-ansary Afaf
Published: January 2017

Background: Exposure to chronic low levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination can lead to immune suppression and nutritional consequences that might greatly contributed in the increase of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The toxicity of AFB1 is greatly vary between different population, affected by age, gender, and environmental factors. Material and subjects: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was measured in 50 blood samples collected from non B, C hepatitis viruses and non CMV-Ab liver disease patients from different general hospitals and polyclinic in KSA during period 01-2013 to 06-2014. All Patients demonstrate elevation of ALT and AST with unknown etiology. Serum samples were obtained and kept at −20 °C for AFB1detection. Results: Out of the 50 blood samples, 38 demonstrate a detectable serum level of AFB1 while the remaining 12 patients were AFB1 negative and used as control participants. While AST was non-significantly different in AFB1 exposed patients, ALT was significantly higher in AFB1 positive samples compared to control AFB1-negative. AFB1 was positively correlated with AST and ALT as liver function enzymes and with age as a risk factor of long duration of AFB1 chronic exposure. Multiple linear regression analysis ascertained the association between AFB1 chronic exposure and ALT increase in liver dysfunction Saudi patients. Conclusion: Measurement of elevated ALT as marker of liver injury in AFB1 chronically exposed Saudi patients can help to avoid the future development of HCC. Moreover, early detection of AFB1 exposure, together with early vaccination against HBV and HCV can remove the synergistic effects of these two etiological factors and thus decrease the risk of developing liver cancer.