bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“ÖTEKİ” KAVRAMININ ÇAĞDAŞ SERAMİK SANATINA YANSIMASI
Authors: SEVİM Sıdıka , MARMARA Tuba
Published: October 2020

“Öteki” kavramı; felsefe, edebiyat, sosyo¬loji gibi sosyal bilimler alanında kullanılan bir kavram olmakla birlikte, sanat alanında da sıkça yer bulmuş bir kavram olarak karşı¬mıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ilk akla gelen “öteki” türleri; kültürel, dilsel, siyasal, etnik, dinsel ve cinsel ötekilik olarak bilinmektedir. Her biri kendi içinde felsefik ve sosyolojik açıdan birçok açılımı barındıran bu öteki¬lik türleri, Platon’dan günümüze dek karşı¬mıza çıkmış, birçok filozof ve sosyolog tara-fından üzerinde düşünülmüş ve berabe-rinde de pek çok tartışmaya konu olmuştur. Bu makalede; öteki kavramının disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla tanımlanmasının yanında, sanat dalları ve özellikle de seramik sanatı içerisinde kavram olarak kullanılmış olan ör-neklerine yer verilecektir. Konuyu çözümle¬miş ünlü düşünürlerin fikirlerinden referans alınarak makale kapsamında açıklanacak “öteki” kavramı, araştırmacı tarafından üretil¬miş olan özgün seramik uygulamalarla pekiş¬tirilecektir. Bu uygulamalar da işlenecek “öteki” kavramı; seramik formun biçimsel ya¬pısı bağlamında anlatılacağı gibi, çoğunlukla seramik dekor tekniklerinin zengin çeşitlili¬ğinden faydalana¬rak ifade edilmeye çalışıla¬caktır. Buna ek olarak, söz konusu çalışmalara ait görseller de makale metni içinde yer ala¬caktır. ﻿﻿
KADIN VE DOĞA İLİŞKİSİ BAĞLAMINDA EKOFEMİNİZMİN SANATA YANSIMASI
Authors: ÖZGENÇ Neslihan , KARAALİOĞLU Onur , ÖMÜR İhsanur
Published: October 2020

Doğa ve kadın sömürüsüne dikkat çekmeyi hedefleyen ekofeminizm, ekoloji ve feminizmin sentezinden oluşan sosyal bir harekettir. Ekofeminizm teorilerini, eril hâkimiyet ile doğanın sömürülmesi arasındaki ilişki üzerine kurmuştur. Doğanın ve kadının sömürülmesinin nedenlerini de batı felsefesinin düalist bakış açılarına dayandırmışlardır. Bu doğrultuda eleştirel bir yaklaşım getirmişler ve çözüm önerileri sunmuşlardır. Ekofeminizmin savunduğu görüşler de çevreci aktivistler ve feminist sanatçılar sayesinde gündelik yaşamda görünür olmuştur. Ekofeminizmin sanata yansıması 1960 sonrası feminist sanat hareketleri ve çevre sanatının gelişim süreçleriyle paralellik göstermiştir. Ekofeminist sanatın temsilcileri genellikle kadın sanatçılardır ve sanatsal tavırları ise doğa müdahaleleri üzerinedir. Bu sanatçılar, kültürel ekofeminizmin temel çıkış kaynağı olan Gaia ve Doğa Ana fikirleriyle bağlantılı kavramlardan yola çıktıkları gibi sosyal ekofeminizm savunduğu gezegenini koruma misyonuyla da hareket ederler. Bu çalışmada; kadın-doğa arasındaki tarihsel bağdan yola çıkılarak, batı kültüründeki düalist yaklaşımın kadın ve doğa sömürüsüyle olan ilişkisi irdelenmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulardan yola çıkarak konuyu temellendiren unsurlar genel hatlarıyla ele alınmış ve ekofeminizmin sanata yansıması referans sanatçılar üzerinden incelenmiştir.
METAL KİLİNİN SANATSAL ALANDA YENİDEN VAR OLUŞU: BİR SOSYAL İNOVASYON OLABİLİR Mİ?
Authors: YEŞİLMEN Nesrin , KAYA OSMANBAŞOĞLU Gülsen
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma, sosyal inovasyon ve sosyal girişimcilik kavramlarını açıkladıktan sonra teknolojik yenilikler ile farklı sanatsal yaklaşımların bir araya getirilmesinden sosyal inovasyon örneği oluşturulabilir mi sorusuna metal kili örneği üzerinden cevap aramaktadır. Bu yapılırken, sosyal inovasyonun yenilik ile toplumsal faydayı bir araya getiren yanı irdelenecek ve yenilikçi sanatsal yaklaşımlardan bir tanesi olarak metal kilinin sanatsal alanda kullanılmasının nasıl bir toplumsal faydaya dönüştürülebileceği incelenecektir. Sosyal inovasyon kavramının sanata yansımaları son yıllarda dünya literatüründe yer bulmaya başlamış fakat Türkiye’de yer alan literatürde ihmal edilen bir alan olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bir asır önce takı denince akla ilk gelen malzemeler değerli madenler ve değerli süs taşları olurken 21. yüzyıla gelindiğinde bu bakış açısının değiştiği görülmektedir. Malzeme ve teknik geri plana atılmış takının söylem dili daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Kültürel mirasın sanatsal düzeyde korunmasının ve dönüştürülmesinin bir aracısı olarak metal kilinin kullanım alanındaki yeniklerin, sosyal inovasyon kavramı ekseni altında incelenebileceği önerilmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada metal kili ve geleneğimizin bir parçası olan nakışların bir arada kullanıldığı takılardan örnekler verilecektir.
Dünya Miras Alanlarında Özgünlük ve Bütünlük Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Göbeklitepe Arkeolojik Alanı ve Alanya Tarihi Kenti Örnekleri
Authors: ERASLAN Şehnaz
Published: October 2020

Dünya Miras Komitesi, 1977 yılında kültürel mirasın Dünya Miras Listesine aday olabilmesi için söz konusu mirasın özgünlüğünü “tasarım, malzeme, işçilik, mekân” açısından karşılayabilmesi gerektiğini uygulama rehberinde belirtmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kültürel mirasın somut (fiziksel) özelliklerini içeren özgünlük durumu uzmanlar tarafından eleştirilmiştir. Bu eleştiriler nedeniyle, 1994 yılında, özgünlüğün somut olmayan değerlerini ele almak için Japonya'nın Nara kentinde dünya mirası sözleşmesine ilişkin özgünlük konferansı düzenlenmiştir. Nara konferansından sonra UNESCO, mirasın hem somut hem de somut olmayan yönlerini bir arada ele alan miras alanlarının özgünlüğünün bütünsel bir şekilde anlaşılmasını kolaylaştıran bir dizi yeni nitelikler uygulama rehberine eklemiştir. Öte yandan bütünlük terimi, doğal ve/veya kültürel mirasın tamlığının ve bozulmamışlığının bir ölçüsü olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu makalede, UNESCO’nun Dünya Miras Alanları için belirlediği özgünlük ve bütünlük kriterleri hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiş ardından Türkiye’nin Dünya Miras Listesinde yer alan Göbeklitepe Arkeolojik Alanı ile Geçici Listesinde yer alan Alanya Tarihi Kenti örnekleri ışığında özgünlük ve bütünlük durumları irdelenmiştir.
Employee empowerment and empowering leadership: A literature review
Authors: Vu Hieu Minh
Published: October 2020

Empowerment fosters employee’s creativity, quality of work-life, spirit of teamwork and organisational effectiveness. organisations do not only need to empower employees but should also encourage empowering leadership. Empowering leadership connotes the sharing of power and motivating employees to crave for superior performance. This paper focuses on literature in the employee empowerment and empowering leadership contexts. Considering the role people play in organisations, it is important to understand the impact of employee empowerment and empowering leadership on organisational outcomes. The author used historical data and findings from previous studies to draw insight on the subject. Based on our review, it was observed that employee empowerment fosters employee performance, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, customer satisfaction, productivity and business growth. Empowering leadership have been examined from the structural and motivational theoretical perspective. Several studies lend credence to the positive influence of empowering leadership on employees’ psychological empowerment. The author proposed some recommendations for managers to implement
EFFECTS OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE IN HOMA BAY COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL, KENYA
Authors: Auka Orwa Philip , Nyangau Andrew
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The specific objective of the study was to establish the effects of compressed workweek on organization performance on public health sectors in Kenya.

Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The populations were 696 and sample size was 254 employees’ while the respondents were 227 which constitute the response rate of 89.4%.The study used stratified sampling method and adopted the Yamane formula. The study used structured closed questionnaires and piloting testing was done on 10% of the sample. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the reliability. Validity was determined by posing a series of standardized questions. The study adopted SPSS for data analysis. The Inferential statistics of Pearson correlation analysis was done to establish the strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study adopted descriptive statistics tool.

Findings: Compressed workweek affects the organization performance and had a positive correlation and significance relationship. The null hypothesis was rejected (P0.01). The study concluded that, compressed workweek is important in improving performance index for Human Resource for health workers in Homa Bay County Referral Hospital (HBCRH) and hence the overall results will lead to improved organization performance.

Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: Public health sectors are expected to guide policy and practices to address work-life imbalances at the workplace to improve efficiency and productivity at the workplaces. The study recommended that, HBCRH should provide space for more work-life balance practices to improve organizational performance.
Endoscopic Findings of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Alam Md. F , Kabir AKM S , Islam Md. N
Published: October 2020

Endoscopic findings help the clinical to give the treatment properly The purpose of the present study was to find out common findings of UGI endoscopy at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka. This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology at Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital, Dhaka from 14th October 2009 to 25th June 2013 among all the patients presented with GI symptoms. Endoscopies were documented on a computer-based datasheet. Under topical lidocaine, a Fujinon EG fiber optic Upper GI scope was passed through the mouth of a patient in left lateral position through the upper esophageal sphincter into the esophagus stomach and duodenum. Biopsies were collected and histopathology reports were recorded A total number of 2632 patients were recruited for this study and endoscopy was done of which 1406(53.4%) cases were reported as abnormal findings. Male (52.1%) was predominant than female (47.9%). Maximum patients were diagnosed as peptic ulcer disease (54.2%) followed by varices with or without gastropathy (20.04, gastric cancer (11.5%), esophageal cancer (9.6%) and gastritis with or without duodenitis which were 267cases, 154cases, 128cases and 63(4.7%) cases respectively. The most common cause of UGI bleeding was due to PUD (43.1%) followed by varices (34.7%), Gastric cancer (12.5%). The most common endoscopic findings are the PUD, varices with or without gastropathy, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and gastritis with or without duodenitis.
Apresentação
Authors: F. Domínguez Avila Carlos
Published: October 2020

O décimo-sexto número da revista Hegemonia apresenta cinco artigos inéditos sobre economia, política, cultura e sociedade internacional, bem como uma resenha bibliográfica. O primeiro artigo aborda o tema do cybercrime e seu impacto na sociedade. O segundo texto é sobre a cultura e o sistema prisional brasileiro. O terceiro artigo comenta a problemática da segurança alimentaria e a saúde coletiva. O quarto artigo explora os resultados das eleições presidenciais de 2014 no Brasil. O quinto artigo destaca a relevância da cidadania política brasileira. E finalmente apresentamos resenha bibliográfica de obra recentemente publicada.
Apresentação
Authors: F. Domínguez Avila, Carlos
Published: October 2020

Há exatos 70 anos foi publicizada a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. O fato possuía uma linha de continuidade com outros documentos fundantes da civilização e valores ocidentais modernos e contemporâneos, a exemplo da Declaração de Direitos (Bill of Rights, de 1689), a Declaração de Independência dos Estados Unidos da América (1776) e da Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão (1789). [...]
DOSSIÊ: SAÚDE COLETIVA, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E SOCIEDADE NO BRASIL: ESTUDOS INTERDISCIPLINARES
Authors: Guimarães Duarte Aldira , Virgolino da Silva Luz Glécia
Published: October 2020

O Dossiê “Saúde Coletiva, Políticas Públicas e Sociedade no Brasil: Estudos Interdisciplinares”, aborda temas dos mais relevantes na área da saúde. Este volume compõe-se de discussões realizadas por um seleto grupo de pesquisadores e colaboradores, os quais são envolvidos e comprometidos com pesquisa e inovação tecnológica em saúde. Sabe-se que, constitucionalmente a Carta Magna apresenta a saúde como direito de todos e dever do Estado, no entanto, a garantia deste direito ainda dista muito de ser satisfatório, principalmente para os portadores de doenças crônicas e que dependem, único e exclusivamente, dos serviços oferecidos pelo sistema de saúde brasileiro. Assim, acredita-se que estudos propulsores de inovações tecnológicas em saúde, corroboram positivamente em melhorias relacionadas à variável custo benefício, e à promoção da qualidade de vida dos usuários do sistema. [...]
Materiale și tehnici folosite la confecționarea pieselor de port popular din zona Codru
Authors:   Muzeul de Etnografie și Artă Populară Baia Mare, Ciocan Janeta , Munteanu Simona ,   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

La zone ethnographique Codru, située au nord de la Transylvanie, est un espace bien délimité du point de vue ethnographique, avec des caractéristiques qui le définissent clairement, mais aussi avec de fortes influences de Ţara Chioarului, de Oaş ou de la zone Crişul Repede. En ce qui concerne le nom de la zone, Codru, les scientifiques ont conclu que le nom provient des vastes forêts de feuillus, forêts qui sont mentionnés dans les premiers documents médiévaux qui font référence à cet espace. Au fil du temps, le relief et le climat ont permis le développement d'une économie basée autant sur l'agriculture que sur l'élevage du bétail. Parmi les créations de la culture populaire de la zone Codru, le costume populaire occupe une place tout à fait particulière. Sobre ou bien coloré, il a marqué la joie et la tristesse, la jeunesse et la vieillesse, le mariage et les funérailles, ce qui représente un document des métiers liés à sa création : le traitement des fils, la teinture, le tissage, la couture, la broderie et la fabrication des touloupes ou des vêtements d’hiver en étoffe de laine feutrée. Grâce aux pièces spécifiques vêtues à l’occasion de certaines cérémonies, des coutumes liées au cycle de la vie ou aux saisons, le vêtement fait partie de la culture populaire de la région Codru de Maramures.
Jocul Satului în comuna Mociu. Note pe marginea unui interviu etnocoreologic
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Petac Silvestru
Published: October 2020

An event considered profane in the traditional Romanian village, the village dance is still little studied even today, despite the importance the event has had for the traditional socio-cultural life. In connection with an ethno-choreological interview, the paper aims to highlight some of the issues that we considered relevant to understanding the network of social and cultural significations surrounding the event - as it occured until the establishment of collectivization in a small ethnographic area (around Mociu village). In this respect, the paper discusses rules, prohibitions and customs governing the event; the connection between the establishment of communism and the disappearance of the event discussed here; the repertoire that was performed at the village dance and some observations on premarital importance of the village dance.
Înfrânarea natalității în vechi tipare de trăire
Authors:   Cluj-Napoca, Rotaru Mihaela
Published: October 2020

L’accomplissement de l’homme dans le monde se réalise par l’amour et par la naissance des enfants. Les enquêtes faites dans la zone ethnographique et folklorique de Sălaj offre un généreux matériel de recherche en ce qui concerne la prévention des grossesses non désirées. C’est un sujet incitant pour les uns, déconcertant pour les autres. Il y a plusieurs techniques archaïques pour modérer la natalité, parmi lesquelles se trouvent les pilules contraceptives « végétales », l’allaitement prolongé. L’arrêt de la fécondité était la préoccupation des femmes qui avaient beaucoup d’enfants et qui avaient une situation financière précaire. Nos informateurs ont souligné à plusieurs reprises le fait que, sous le régime totalitaire, certaines femmes enceintes sont mortes à cause des procédés empiriques de provocation de l’avortement, pratiquée par les soi-disant femmes connaisseuses, dans des conditions de quasi-clandestinité et dans la crainte éternelle de la sanction pénale. D’autres aspects ont également un rôle essentiel : l’abstinence sexuelle pour des motifs religieux, la malédiction et la punition divine de la femme qui avorte, la honte qui plane au-dessus la famille, la communauté toute entière. Les enfants paient la dette de leurs parents jusqu’à la septième génération - c’est pourquoi on l’appelle la malédiction de l’avortement.
Din activitatea catedrei și a seminarului de etnografie și folclor ale Universității. 1926-1951
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Toșa Ioan , Sălăgean Tudor ,   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

The authors present some aspects of the activity carried out by the Department and the Seminar of Ethnography and Folklore, in the context of celebrating nine decades since the inauguration. Setting up the Department was decided by the Commission for organizing the University of Cluj, but implementation of this decision was delayed by the lack of a material base (library, photograph library and film slide library), the lack of suitable space for seminar works, and not least because of titular’s absence. The authors further present the activity of the Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania to create the material base, of the Romanian Ethnographic Society for research and exploitation of popular culture, and G. Vâlsan’s activity to train specialists. Finally, we presented courses held within the Department and the work done in the Seminar, indicating themes of the papers presented by students.
Restaurarea picturii Peisaj cu biserică, de Ștefan Popescu
Authors:   Muzeul Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Benkara Dana Maria
Published: October 2020

The paper presents some important aspects of the restoration- conservation process of a painted canvas, belonging to Ştefan Popescu, a romanian painter, whose creation, at the beginning of the 20th century, was famous especially through its landscapes. Stylistic and technological aspects of the painting were analyzed. The painting depicts a realistic landscape, with a house and an imposing stone church. A detailed account of the conservation state of the painting prior the restoration was made. The actual restoration process started with the cleaning of the superficial dirt and dust from the back of the painting. After protecting the entire face of the painting (by applying the Japanese paper), the old patch on the back of the painting (covering a small area of torn canvas) was replaced with a new one. The cleaning process (the removal of the light dirt and the old varnish layer) was followed by the filling of all the gaps of the painted layer with putty. The chromatic integration and the final varnishing ended the restoration process of the painted canvas.
Modalități de consolidare și prezentare estetică în cazul suportului de lemn a trei icoane de secol XVI-XVII din categoria tezaur
Authors:   Muzeul Județean Mureș, Dumitrescu Raluca Marilena
Published: October 2020

The article comprises a short presentation of the icons in the beginning, the project that they are included in, some short data about typology, style, and location in time. There are given some technical assessments of the construction of the panels, decorative elements and additional materials for the whole ensemble. The setting up of the degradations are divided from different points of view, as influence of natural inevitable medium factors in certain conditions, as human interventions, as results of the religious role of the objects, as hazards occurred in time and non of the less as intended, theft or vandalism acts. Further, it is thoroughly presented their initial state of conservation in which concerns the degradations of the wooden structure, with examples and debates about the reasons they were set in. Then, it follows the methods approached for consolidation, and also the esthetical ways of presentation of the intervened areas. There are exposed – from an ethic perspective, the reasons that led to the choosing of respective materials and techniques, according to research results, age, original technique, conservation state and value of the three objects. There are illustrated and explained the working stages and techniques, also detailed issues about the nature, percentage and way the materials employed were combined. In the end, the gratitude of the author is expressed towards the help of the specialists in the research and restoration process.
Metode etnoarheologice de cercetare
Authors:   Institutul de Studii Universitare de Doctorat, Sibiu, Matei Constantin
Published: October 2020

In this study, we addressed some aspects of ethnoarchaeological research methodology. Comparative ethnoarchaeology record change processes of long-term, that occurs in the economy, technology and bio-social environment. Another method is to research excavations at sites abandoned. The big advantage of this method is that the researcher interpretations can be put face to face with the oral testimony of the locals. Method landscape archaeology means office work, using a computer and a system scan earth by satellites such as Google Earth. With this program are identified and inventoried "Stanele" highland area of Romania, in order to be analyzed and to reach some conclusions which can help us understand how the mountains were used in Prehistory. Old maps are an information source and a tool in ethnoarchaeology. With the help of experimental archaeology, household items, houses, agriculture are reconstructed, using archaeological and ethnographic information. For shipments ethnoarchaeological need an interdisciplinary team to record the archaeological and ethnographic, carry out excavations, to apply questionnaires. An example of this is the Romanian - English Project for Highland Ethnoarchaeology area. The information collected during this project is entered into an ethnoarchaeological database.
Moș Crăciun în cultura populară românească
Authors:   Baia Mare, Maramureș, Bilțiu Pamfil
Published: October 2020

Our study is focused on a little-studied mythological being around which a true mythology was embroidered - Santa Claus (or Father Christmas), which is part of a series of good, archetypal, mythical ancestors, celebrated at the Winter Holidays: Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas’ Eve, Santa Claus (Father Christmas) and Saint Basil. The first part of our study was reserved for the definition of the term "father", which means also grandfather, ancestor, uncle. We talked about the ancestors which, in prehistory, were part of the group of old and good people that led the gentilico-tribal communities and then the village-type ethnic communities. They created beliefs, customs and traditions of ethical and legal conduct and magico-mythological traditions. The investigative part of our study is reserved for the approach of Santa Claus in two main hypostases: the profane being and the apocryphal being. The repertoire of beliefs embroidered around Santa Claus as a profane being depicts him in a series of typical hypostases, such as "old man", "old uncle", "man with a white beard as the snow" or "coming from the distant past " - symbolizing the aging of time. We also analysed the beliefs embroidered around this mythological being, in which he appears as the "oldest of the Saints". We then examined the beliefs that "the oldest Saint has beautiful courtyards in Heaven, from where he comes and brings joy and health to all, but also proclaims the Birth of the Lord." We analysed the hypostases of Santa Claus as an apocryphal figure, in the images of both old carols and beliefs, in which he appears as a mythological character that brings the winter and the frost, and as a mythical donor who shares ritual gifts to children and announces the beginning of the Holiday and its party character. In this part of the study, we focused on Santa Claus' role of time renovation, which is expressed by the some carols with the theme of Father Christmas’s bathing and the habit of "Christmas funeral". We analysed Santa Claus's function as "the master of the stable where Jesus was born", as he is treated in legends. The last part of the study is a parallel analysis between carols and legends, with the action taken at Christmas house, where we emphasized the special motives of carols, compared to legends.
Treizeci de ani de activitate a Muzeului de Etnoarheologie și Istorie din Iclod
Authors:   Asociația folclorică „Avram Iancu” Cluj-Napoca, Bulbuc Aurel , Bulbuc Adriana ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei
Published: October 2020

On the 14th of May, 1987, when it was founded, the unique Ethno- Archeology and History Museum from Iclod had 3 exhibition rooms; nowadays, it has had 12 exhibition rooms. The „soul” of the Museum is the teacher, choreographer and historian Aurel Ioan Bulbuc. During 30 years of activity, the Museum has hosted research teams during excavation campaigns, symposiums, seminars, and conferences – national and international, many celebrations, festivals, puppet shows, film screenings, poetry recitals and readings. The result of the scientific research and of the excavation made by several teams of specialists from Germany, from the University of Kiel, University of Iasi, University of Cluj-Napoca, Institute of Archeology Cluj-Napoca, determined that a fortified city existed 6850 years ago on the territory of Iclod village.
De la totemism la mască
Authors:   Cluj-Napoca, Bădocan Ioana
Published: October 2020

At the ancient peoples, the mask is the representation of the spirit of the ancestor, of the totemic animal and is connected with rites of initiation, agrarian and funeral rites. The mask, by its power, imposes on the bearer his own will because it is endowed with his own individuality. Dances with masks take place in agrarian, nuptials, of initiation, or funeral rituals, the participants being both the living and the dead, both divinities and the protective htoniene spirits.
EVALUATION OF REASONS FOR DELAYS AND CANCELLATIONS OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES IN A NIGERIAN TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: EA Azebi , MH Ibrahim , DM Doukumo , AF Faponle
Published: October 2020

Background: Delays/cancellations of operations, on the surgery day, in hospitals is a significant problem with far reaching consequences and particularly traumatizing emotionally to the patient as well as their families. Objectives: This study was done to ascertain the determinant causes of delay/cancellation of planned surgical operations in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife and discuss strategies for more efficient use of operation theatres. Methods: Data on all patients scheduled to have elective and emergency surgeries during the period of 2 months from November 2009 to December 2009 were prospectively collected to determine proposed operation date, date operation was done, scheduled starting times, actual starting times, causes of delays
Corrosion Inhibition of Brazing Cu-Ag Alloy with 1,2,3-Benzotriazole and 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazole
Authors: Rahmani Hooman , Meletis Efstathios I.
Published: October 2020

Adsorption and inhibition behavior of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) and 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) on brazing Cu-Ag alloy was studied in deionized water using potentiodynamic polarization measurement, adsorption isotherm investigation, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pure Ag and pure Cu were included to investigate the mere effect of each component on the alloy’s behavior. Results show better inhibition of DMTD for Ag and BTA for Cu, both by chemisorption. BTA was found to follow Langmuir isotherm while DMTD obeyed Temkin adsorption isotherm, despite both acting as a mixed-type inhibitor. Combining the two inhibitors increased the inhibition efficiency over 80% for the Cu-Ag alloy. XPS spectra demonstrate the formation of DMTD protective film through DMTD’s functional groups of pyrrolic N from the azole ring and thiol S from the mercapto anchoring group on Ag and thiol S on Cu. Compared to BTA, the higher affinity of DMTD to Ag was attributed to the involvement of two heteroatoms with the Ag surface.
The Impact of an Epidemic on Transit Ridership
Authors: Jung Hojin
Published: October 2020

This paper explores how an epidemic impacts ridership on public transportation. The scanner panel data on credit and debit card transactions provide an important opportunity for researchers to gather empirical evidence on how the outbreak of a disease can substantially affect public transit ridership in relation to the socioeconomic heterogeneity of the commuters. For example, transit mode decisions of consumers in the highest and lowest income classes remained largely consistent, while consumers in the middle-income class demonstrated a reduction in public transit ridership and instead switched to private transport use by a considerable margin. Our findings add important empirical knowledge about individual decisions between public transit and private vehicle use during an epidemic. Such estimated effect is qualitatively different from those of other macroeconomic factors and provides important guidance for policy interventions and practical decisions aimed at sustaining economic growth.
Corpus-driven Semantics of Concession: Where do Expectations Come from?
Authors: Robaldo Livio , Miltsakaki Eleni
Published: October 2020

Concession is one of the trickiest semantic discourse relations appearing in natural language. Many have tried to sub-categorize Concession and to define formal criteria to both distinguish its subtypes as well as for distinguishing Concession from the (similar) semantic relation of Contrast. But there is still a lack of consensus among the different proposals. In this paper, we focus on those approaches, e.g. (Lagerwerf 1998), (Winter & Rimon 1994), and (Korbayova & Webber 2007), assuming that Concession features two primary interpretations, "direct" and "indirect". We argue that this two way classification falls short of accounting for the full range of variants identified in naturally occurring data. Our investigation of one thousand Concession tokens in the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB) reveals that the interpretation of concessive relations varies according to the source of expectation. Four sources of expectation are identified. Each is characterized by a different relation holding between the eventuality that raises the expectation and the eventuality describing the expectation. We report a) a reliable inter-annotator agreement on the four types of sources identified in the PDTB data, b) a significant improvement on the annotation of previous disagreements on Concession-Contrast in the PDTB and c) a novel logical account of Concession using basic constructs from Hobbs' (1998) logic. Our proposal offers a uniform framework for the interpretation of Concession while accounting for the different sources of expectation by modifying a single predicate in the proposed formulae.
On Temporality in Discourse Annotation: Theoretical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Hoek Jet , Scholman Merel C.J.
Published: October 2020

Temporal information is one of the prominent features that determine the coherence in a discourse. That is why we need an adequate way to deal with this type of information during discourse annotation. In this paper, we will argue that temporal order is a relational rather than a segment-specific property, and that it is a cognitively plausible notion: temporal order is expressed in the system of linguistic markers and is relevant in both acquisition and language processing. This means that temporal relations meet the requirements set by the Cognitive approach of Coherence Relations (CCR) to be considered coherence relations, and that CCR would need a way to distinguish temporal relations within its annotation system. We will present merits and drawbacks of different options of reaching this objective and argue in favor of adding temporal order as a new dimension to CCR.
Signalling Implicit Relations: A PDTB - RST Comparison
Authors: Poláková Lucie , Mírovský Jiˇrí , Synková Pavlína
Published: October 2020

Describing implicit phenomena in discourse is known to be a problematic task, from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The present article contributes to this topic by a novel comparative analysis of two prominent annotation approaches to discourse relations (coherence relations) that were carried out on the same texts. We compare the annotation of implicit relations in the Penn Discourse Treebank 2.0, i.e. discourse relations not signaled by an explicit discourse connective, to the recently released analysis of signals of rhetorical relations in the RST Signalling Corpus (RST-SC). The intersection of corresponding pairs of relations is rather a small one, but it shows a clear tendency: unlike the overall signal distribution in the RST-SC, more than half of the signals in the studied intersection are of semantic type, formed mostly by loosely deﬁned lexical chains. Our data transformation allows for a simultaneous depiction and detailed study of the two resources.
Primary and secondary discourse connectives: definitions and lexicons
Authors: Danlos Laurence , Rysova Katerina , Rysova Magdalena , Stede Manfred
Published: October 2020

Starting from the perspective that discourse structure arises from the presence of coherence relations, we provide a map of linguistic discourse structuring devices (DRDs), and focus on those for written text. We propose to structure these items by differentiating between primary and secondary connectives on the one hand, and free connecting phrases on the other. For the former, we propose that their behavior can be described by lexicons, and we show one concrete proposal that by now has been applied to three languages, with others being added in ongoing work. The lexical representations can be useful both for humans (theoretical investigations, transfer to other languages) and for machines (automatic discourse parsing and generation).
Source vs. Stance: On the Relationship between Evidential and Modal Expressions
Authors: Tosun Sümeyra , Vaid Jyotsna
Published: October 2020

Languages vary in how they encode and interpret attested information. The present research examined how users of Turkish and English construe utterances containing evidential information, in particular, whether evidential information is interpreted strictly as conveying source information (firsthand, or non-firsthand), or whether it is also perceived as signaling reliability of particular sources. Participants read sentences in their respective language presented in various source and modal forms and were asked to judge the source of information of the proposition and their confidence in whether the asserted event actually happened. It was found that there was sufficient information from evidential and modal expressions to make both source and probability of occurrence judgments, although the groups differed somewhat in their judgment patterns. The findings are taken to suggest that, for both Turkish and English speakers, evidentiality and epistemic modality overlaps to some extent but the two do not function exactly in the same way.
A Narrative Sentence Planner and Structurer for Domain Independent, Parameterizable Storytelling
Authors: Lukin Stephanie M. , Walker Marilyn A.
Published: October 2020

Storytelling is an integral part of daily life and a key part of how we share information and connect with others. The ability to use Natural Language Generation (NLG) to produce stories that are tailored and adapted to the individual reader could have large impact in many different applications. However, one reason that this has not become a reality to date is the NLG story gap, a disconnect between the plan-type representations that story generation engines produce, and the linguistic representations needed by NLG engines. Here we describe Fabula Tales, a storytelling system supporting both story generation and NLG. With manual annotation of texts from existing stories using an intuitive user interface, Fabula Tales automatically extracts the underlying story representation and its accompanying syntactically grounded representation. Narratological and sentence planning parameters are applied to these structures to generate different versions of the story. We show how our storytelling system can alter the story at the sentence level, as well as the discourse level. We also show that our approach can be applied to different kinds of stories by testing our approach on both Aesop’s Fables and first-person blogs posted on social media. The content and genre of such stories varies widely, supporting our claim that our approach is general and domain independent. We then conduct several user studies to evaluate the generated story variations and show that Fabula Tales’ automatically produced variations are perceived as more immediate, interesting, and correct, and are preferred to a baseline generation system that does not use narrative parameters.
Using the Cognitive Approach to Coherence Relations for Discourse Annotation
Authors: Hoek Jet , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Sanders Ted J. M.
Published: October 2020

The Cognitive approach to Coherence Relations (Sanders, Spooren, & Noordman, 1992) was originally proposed as a set of cognitively plausible primitives to order coherence relations, but is also increasingly used as a discourse annotation scheme. This paper provides an overview of new CCR distinctions that have been proposed over the years, summarizes the most important discussions about the operationalization of the primitives, and introduces a new distinction (disjunction) to the taxonomy to improve the descriptive adequacy of CCR. In addition, it reflects on the use of the CCR as an annotation scheme in practice. The overall aim of the paper is to provide an overview of state-of-the-art CCR for discourse annotation that can form, together with the original 1992 proposal, a comprehensive starting point for anyone interested in annotating discourse using CCR.
The Use of Perspective Markers and Connectives in Expressing Subjectivity: Evidence from Collocational Analyses
Authors: Wei Yipu , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Sanders Ted J.M.
Published: October 2020

This study explores how subjectivity is expressed in coherence relations, by means of a distinctive collocational analysis on two Chinese causal connectives: the specific subjective kejian ‘so’, used in subjective argument-claim relations, and the underspecified suoyi ‘so’, which can be used in both subjective argument-claim and objective cause-consequence relations. On the basis of both Horn’s pragmatic Relation and Quality principles and the Uniform Information Density Theory, we hypothesized that the presence of other linguistic elements expressing subjectivity in a discourse segment should be related the degree of subjectivity encoded by the connective. In line with this hypothesis, the association scores showed that suoyi is more frequently combined with perspective markers expressing epistemic stance: cognition verbs and modal verbs. Kejian, which already expresses epistemic stance, co-occurred more often with perspective markers related to attitudinal stance, such as markers of expectedness and importance. The paper also pays attention to similarities and differences in collocation patterns across contexts and genres.
Modelling Structures for Situated Discourse
Authors: Asher Nicholas , Hunter Julie , Thompson Kate
Published: October 2020

This paper describes a corpus of situated multiparty chats developed for the STAC project (Strategic Conversation, ERC grant n. 269427). and annotated for discourse structure in the style of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT; Asher & Lascarides,2003).  The STAC corpus is not only a rich source of data on strategic conversation, but also the first corpus that we are aware of that provides discourse structures for multiparty dialogues situated within a virtual environment.  The corpus was annotated in two stages: we initially annotated the chat moves only, but later decided to annotate interactions between the chat moves and non-linguistic events from the virtual environment. This two-step procedure  has allowed us quantify various ways in which adding information from the nonlinguistic context affects dialogue structure.  In this paper, we  look at how annotations based only on linguistic information were preserved once the nonlinguistic context was factored in.  We explain that while the preservation of relation instances is relatively high when we move from one corpus to the other, there is little preservation of higher order structures that capture "the main point" of a dialogue and distinguish it from peripheral information.
Lexical and contextual cue effects in discourse expectations: Experimenting with German 'zwar...aber' and English 'true/sure...but'
Authors: Schwab Juliane , Liu Mingya
Published: October 2020

Existing literature shows that readers and listeners rapidly adjust their expectations about likely discourse continuations through discourse markers, as well as through other linguistic and extra-linguistic cues. However, it is unclear whether (i) the facilitative effects of various (extra-)linguistic cues differ in quality and (ii) whether the effects interact with one another in any principled manner. We conducted two self-paced reading experiments on concessive constructions in German and English wherein optional lexical and/or contextual cues appeared ahead of the concessive discourse marker. The results demonstrate that readers can use both types of cues to anticipate the upcoming discourse relation. Our study thus provides novel evidence for expectation-driven accounts of discourse processing and elucidates the functions of discourse signals. Furthermore, the results also show that the role that a type of cues plays is subject to cross-linguistic variation.
Sources and sinks driving sulfuric acid concentrations in contrasting environments: implications on proxy calculations
Authors: Dada Lubna , Ylivinkka Ilona , Baalbaki Rima , Li Chang , Guo Yishuo , Yan Chao , Yao Lei , Sarnela Nina , Jokinen Tuija , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Yin Rujing , Deng Chenjuan , Chu Biwu , Nieminen Tuomo , Wang Yonghong , Lin Zhuohui , Thakur Roseline C. , Kontkanen Jenni , Stolzenburg Dominik , Sipilä Mikko , Hussein Tareq , Paasonen Pauli , Bianchi Federico , Salma Imre , Weidinger Tamás , Pikridas Michael , Sciare Jean , Jiang Jingkun , Liu Yongchun , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Sulfuric acid has been shown to be a key driver for new particle formation and subsequent growth in various environments, mainly due to its low
volatility. However, direct measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid are oftentimes not available, and the current sulfuric acid proxies cannot
predict, for example, its nighttime concentrations or result in significant discrepancies with measured values. Here, we define the sources and sinks
of sulfuric acid in different environments and derive a new physical proxy for sulfuric acid to be utilized in locations and during periods when
it is not measured. We used H2SO4 measurements from four different locations: Hyytiälä, Finland; Agia Marina, Cyprus; Budapest,
Hungary; and Beijing, China, representing semi-pristine boreal forest, rural environment in the Mediterranean area, urban environment and heavily
polluted megacity, respectively. The new proxy takes into account the formation of sulfuric acid from SO2 via OH oxidation and other
oxidation pathways, specifically via stabilized Criegee intermediates. The sulfuric acid sinks included in the proxy are its condensation
sink (CS) and atmospheric clustering starting from H2SO4 dimer formation. Indeed, we found that the observed sulfuric acid
concentration can be explained by the proposed sources and sinks with similar coefficients in the four contrasting environments where we have tested
it. Thus, the new proxy is a more flexible and an important improvement over previous proxies. Following the recommendations in this paper, a
proxy for a specific location can be derived.
Possible mechanisms of summer cirrus clouds over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yu Qiu-Run , Mao Jia-Li , Dan Chen , Wang Yanyu , He Qianshan , Cheng Tiantao , Chen Chunhong , Liu Dongwei , Gao Yanping
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The geographical distributions of summertime cirrus with
different cloud top heights above the Tibetan Plateau are investigated by
using the 2012–2016 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observation (CALIPSO) data. The cirrus clouds with different cloud top
heights exhibit an obvious difference in their horizontal distribution over
the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The maximum occurrence for cirrus with a cloud top height less than 9 km starts over the western plateau and moves up to the northern regions when
cirrus is between 9 and 12 km. Above 12 km, the maximum occurrence of cirrus
retreats to the southern fringe of the plateau. Three kinds of formation
mechanisms – large-scale orographic uplift, ice particle generation caused
by temperature fluctuation, and remnants of overflow from deep-convective
anvils – dominate the formation of cirrus at less than 9 km, between 9 and 12 km, and
above 12 km, respectively.
The Malina oceanographic expedition: How do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?
Authors: Massicotte Philippe , Amon Rainer , Antoine David , Archambault Philippe , Balzano Sergio , Bélanger Simon , Benner Ronald , Boeuf Dominique , Bricaud Annick , Bruyant Flavienne , Chaillou Gwenaëlle , Chami Malik , Charrière Bruno , Chen Jingan , Claustre Hervé , Coupel Pierre , Delsaut Nicole , Doxaran David , Ehn Jens , Fichot Cédric , Forget Marie-Hélène , Fu Pingqing , Gagnon Jonathan , Garcia Nicole , Gasser Beat , Ghiglione Jean-François , Gorsky Gaby , Gosselin Michel , Gourvil Priscillia , Gratton Yves , Guillot Pascal , Heipieper Hermann J. , Heussner Serge , Hooker Stanford B. , Huot Yannick , Jeanthon Christian , Jeffrey Wade , Joux Fabien , Kawamura Kimitaka , Lansard Bruno , Leymarie Edouard , Link Heike , Lovejoy Connie , Marec Claudie , Marie Dominique , Martin Johannie , Massé Guillaume , Matsuoka Atsushi , McKague Vanessa , Mignot Alexandre , Miller William L. , Miquel Juan-Carlos , Mucci Alfonso , Ono Kaori , Ortega-Retuerta Eva , Panagiotopoulos Christos , Papakyriakou Tim , Picheral Marc , Piepenburg Dieter , Prieur Louis , Raimbault Patrick , Ras Joséphine , Reynolds Rick A. , Rochon André , Rontani Jean-François , Schmechtig Catherine , Schmidt Sabine , Sempéré Richard , Shen Yuan , Song Guisheng , Stramski Dariusz , Stroud G. Dave , Tachibana Eri , Thirouard Alexandre , Tolosa Imma , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Vaïtilingom Mickael , Vaulot Daniel , Vaultier Frédéric , Volkman John K. , Vonk Jorien E. , Xie Huixiang , Zheng Guangming , Babin Marcel
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured across seven shelf–basin transects (south-north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/75345 (Massicotte2020b).