bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precise Prediction of Microstructural Properties with Minimal Experimental Effort for the Nickel-Base Alloy Inconel 718
Authors: Krämer Alexander Maximilian , Lohmar Johannes , Hirt Gerhard
Published: August 2016

The prediction of microstructure evolution in addition to the macroscopic material strength, material flow and temperature evolution is becoming increasingly important as more and more complex materials, with properties that are heavily influenced by their microstructure, are being used. This in turn requires refined microstructure models to be parameterized. Compared to flow curve models, the experimental effort for the parameterization of microstructure models increases due to the inclusion of grain size and recrystallization effects. Therefore plenty of experiments are usually performed to fully characterize the material at hand. The increasing versatility of testing machines, like dilatometry with easily variable temperatures, in addition to the growing expenses that go along with increasing the number of experiments for high cost materials, leads to the question whether performing all those experiments is really justified. In this paper the microstructure model StrucSim is parameterized for the nickel-base alloy Inconel 718 and coupled online with a finite-element (FE) simulation to predict the material behaviour during double compression tests. StrucSim combines multiple constitutive equations into a single consistent material model representing also the microstructure. Therefore these constitutive equations are parameterized to their respective metal-physical phenomena to find the initial parameters for StrucSim. Afterwards the set of final parameters is determined by optimizing the initial parameters using the StrucSim algorithm interconnecting the constitutive equations to define a reference model. The reference model is later compared to different final parameter sets parameterized based on reduced experimental data. Beforehand the reference model is coupled with the FE software Simufact.forming to simulate double compression tests and compare them to experiments as a validation of the reference model. Here forces are predicted with a mean deviation (root of the sum of squared relative errors) of 7.6 % and grains sizes with a mean deviation of about 8 μm from the measurements. Afterwards the influence of reducing the available data during parameterization of StrucSim is investigated to evaluate the possibility of reducing the experimental effort. It is shown that when using only 50 % of the data the quality can be maintained with the reduced model. When simulating the double compression tests a comparable deviation regarding the forces and grain sizes is achieved. Reducing the number of experiments by 50 % during materials characterization therefore appears feasible.
Evaluation of Strategies for the Coupling of Central Planning and Autonomous Control in Dynamic Job Shop Environments
Authors: Schukraft Susanne , Grundstein Sebastian , Freitag Michael , Scholz-Reiter Bernd
Published: August 2016

Autonomous control is a promising approach to cope with increasing dynamics in production environments. However, an important issue for the acceptance of autonomous control is the provision of a sufficient planning accuracy, e.g., regarding order sequences or workstation assignments. Therefore, transferring autonomous control into practical application requires the coupling of autonomous control with commonly used central planning methods. This paper introduces coupling strategies with different degrees of planning adherence. The introduced strategies are applied to the example of a job shop environment based on real data. The simulation-based comparison considers performance indicators concerning the logistic performance and planning adherence. Besides varying the level of dynamic influences, the simulation study also analyses the impact of different method combinations onto the coupled methods’ performance.
Application and Validation of an Existing Industry 4.0 Guideline for the Development of Specific Recommendations for Implementation
Authors: Abersfelder Sandra , Bogner Eva , Heyder Andreas , Franke Jörg
Published: August 2016

From a technological point of view Industry 4.0 is already at an advanced stage. However, it still needs time to implement aspects of Industry 4.0 into the everyday life of project work. A major cause is the lack of methodologies in this area. Production-related areas must be prepared to identify the requirements and needs of Industry 4.0, right from the planning phase of the project. This paper describes an approach to create an Industry 4.0 Project-Roadmap as a base of important strategical decisions. Using the VDMA industry 4.0 toolbox, innovative ideas are developed, structured and finally prioritized considering effort and costs. The result is a roadmap, which allows the design of basic Industry 4.0 equipment of the project as well as to integrate further features as options. Due to different target groups and a very specific expectation the workshop procedure is modified to the already by the VDMA published guideline and presented in detail below.
Ultra-Efficiency Factory - Framework and Holistic Approach to Increase and Evaluate Efficiency and Sustainability
Authors: Kuhlmann Timm , Sauer Alexander
Published: August 2016

The Ultra-Efficiency Factory provides a framework for decoupling resource consumption from an increase in productivity. It takes a holistic perspective and opens a pathway to sustainable growth. The Ultra-f-check method combines technological, organizational and human-centred dimensions, helping companies to align their production systems with the framework of the Ultra-Efficiency Factory not only by providing a scalable step-by-step approach but also by finding best-practise solutions and conducting holistic, simulation-based assessments.
Generation of Cellular Manufacturing Variants for the Potential Determination of Production Structures
Authors: Reuter Christina , Prote Jan Philipp , Gützlaff Andreas , Luckert Melanie
Published: August 2016

The Production structure has a significant effect on manufacturing efficiency, but due to a large number of possible structures there is a lack of methods to systematically define the optimal product structure for a given production program. The described method creates a defined number of possible manufacturing cells from workshop production to line production. This allows the identification of a suitable production structure by simulating the resulting variants. The method is validated by a real case scenario.
Analyzing Modular Platform Potential for Complex Product Portfolios of Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Riesener Michael , Ortlieb Casimir , Schuh Günther
Published: August 2016

The increasing demand for product individualization and the challenges of globalization force manufacturing companies to expand their product range while keeping internal expenses low. To tackle the dichotomy between economies of scale and economies of scope, companies make use of modular product platforms and carry-over-parts. To improve the modular platform performance, it is crucial to define its structure in the early planning phase. In vertical direction, the modular platform structure defines considered technical solutions, whereas in horizontal direction, it is characterized by the products that use these solutions. When introducing or adapting modular product platforms of complex product portfolios, companies often make upfront decisions regarding the modular platform’s structure based on expert intuition. This mainly results from a lack of time, organizational restrictions and missing systematic approaches. The sheer number of product data associated with the products in the portfolio as well as the often missing transparency regarding existing components and interfaces force decision makers to decide in an intuitive approach. However, this hinders an optimal design of modular platforms and reduces the optimal performance exploitation. In order to increase modular platform performance and hence the company´s profitability, a holistic approach prior to the actual platform design process is required to determine the optimal modular platform structure for a complex product portfolio. The basis for this methodology is a generic descriptive model, which helps to describe current and planned products of a serial manufacturer’s portfolio in a structured way. The introduced methodology determines optimal modular platform scopes through systematic identification of anchor products by aid of Data Mining.
Concept for Real-Time Wireless Networking of Mobile CPS Based on LTE
Authors: Neher Philipp , Lechler Armin
Published: August 2016

In the future smart factories will satisfy the demand of highly customized products. Stationary and mobile cyber-physical systems (CPS), as part of smart factories will exchange various information. Most of that will happen wirelessly. Out of that reason, a concept for real-time wireless networking of mobile CPS based on LTE is presented in this paper. Through a combination of LTE with GPS and adaptive streaming schemes, a real-time capable wireless communication system seems possible. The paper specifies further the necessary and targeted technical requirements of industrial communication for mobile CPS. It concluded with methods to test, evaluate and validate the communication system.
Optimization of the Modified Yoshida Buckling Test to Investigate the Influence of Curvature
Authors: Schreyer Sven , Volk Wolfram
Published: August 2016

During deep drawing process compressive stresses are induced in the sheet metal, which can cause undesirable wrinkling. On the other hand a high sheet thickness and high local surface curvature counteract the wrinkling tendency by stabilizing the blank. To investigate these factors influencing the wrinkling initiation experimentally, a modified and the requirements customized test form based on a simple test geometry, the so called Yoshida buckling test, is created. This enables to take into account surface curvature in the region of instability.
Influence of the Preforming Material State in Common Tribological Tests
Authors: Zimmermann Bastian , Merklein Marion
Published: August 2016

Different tests to determine friction factors for cold forging processes are given in the literature. The double cup extrusion test, the ring compression test and the T-shape compression test are three of the common tests, which are compared in this investigation. From former investigations it is known that there is an influence of the work-hardening of the test sample on the friction factor, which is determined by the test. At this study, the influence of the work-hardening of the material on the three named tests is investigated by using a wire drawing process. In addition, the drawn wire from the originally thermo mechanical rolled wire is also annealed to have a second material state without any work-hardening. The used material and its numerical modelling as well as the analyzed tribological conditions of the real specimens are described. Afterwards the three test setups are explained for the numerical as well as for the real experiments. In the end, the influence of the drawing respectively the work-hardening for the three tests is presented and discussed.
New Approach for Closed Loop Control of Deep Drawing Process for a Control Intervention during Deep Drawing Stroke
Authors: Barthau Martin , Liewald Mathias
Published: August 2016

The production of irregularly shaped deep drawing parts with high quality requirements, which are common in today’s automotive body shell production, consistently challenge production processes. This challenge results from the high design requirements and automotive lightweight design, and hence the necessary use of high strength steels. Metal forming technology deals with these challenges using highly sophisticated methods to control the material flow. Several control loop methods have existed already in order to control the material flow in deep drawing processes, but only methods with a control intervention between two strokes. However, this kind of control method merely allows control intervention on measurements on the previous part or on measurements of material properties before the actual process. The method developed at the Institute for Metal Forming Technology in Stuttgart makes a control intervention possible during the deep drawing stroke. The used reference variable is the part wall stress and the control variable is the blankholder force, which is manipulated by using the segment elastic blankholder as an actuator. In this paper the experimental setup, the control methods, and the control loop itself will be presented. Furthermore, the developments of the new method will be described.
Prediction and Detection of Wear Mechanisms on an Industry-Oriented Hot Forging Die
Authors: Lippold Lennard , Kazhai Mohammad , Bouguecha Anas , Vucetic Milan , Hübsch Christoph , Möhwald Kai
Published: August 2016

In this paper a high loaded hot forging die, which is oriented towards an industrial forging process, is developed with assistance of finite element analysis. In serial hot forging tests and process accompanying analysis methods the designed die geometry gets investigated concerning occurring wear mechanisms. Within the investigation it could be shown, that calculated results of the wear condition are corresponding to the experiments. Abrasion, plastic deformation and mechanical cracking could be detected. The variety of occurring wear mechanisms on the designed die allows a promising approach of further investigations on the valuation of different wear reducing strategies.
Investigation of the Wear Behavior for Not Alloyed and Alloyed Hot Forming Tools
Authors: Neubauer Franziska , Hofmann Konstantin , Andreas Kolja , Merklein Marion
Published: August 2016

Over the last few years, hot stamping has been established as a suitable manufacturing process to produce high-strength structural parts. A tensile strength up to 1500 MPa and a high shape accuracy of the hot stamping parts are achievable. The hot forming tools are thereby stressed by varying thermo-mechanical loads resulting in increased surface wear. In order to reduce expensive and time consuming rework of the forming tools, an analysis of the tribological conditions is required. Purpose of this work is to increase the wear resistance of the tool surface and to investigate the wear behavior. In this regard, a laser alloying process is developed to influence the properties of the base material. Firstly, the alloying elements are selected and the element concentration is determined. Results for the composition of NiCrMo90 are presented, which is added by a wire fed laser alloying process unlike the previously used and already researched methods of powder bed fusion. This wire fed method is engineered to ensure a higher material utilization and to simplify the material feeding. After the alloying process the wear behavior of the alloyed surfaces are examined and compared to a not alloyed control group of pins under similar thermo-mechanical conditions.
The euRathlon 2015 Grand Challenge: The First Outdoor Multi-domain Search and Rescue Robotics Competition—A Marine Perspective
Authors: Ferri Gabriele , Ferreira Fausto , Djapic Vladimir , Petillot Yvan , Franco Marta Palau , Winfield Alan
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe euRathlon project was an FP7-funded Coordination and Support Action (2013‐2015). Its main aim was to organize outdoor robotics competitions in realistic search and rescue response scenarios for cooperative land, sea, and air robots. Participant teams were
requested to test the intelligence and autonomy of their robots in scenarios inspired by the 2011 Fukushima accident. In the project's third year euRathlon culminated with the organization of the first outdoor multi-domain search and rescue robotics competition in the world: the euRathlon
2015 Grand Challenge. Sea, air, and land robots were asked to cooperate acting as a robotic intervention team in a scenario simulating an industrial area ravaged by a tsunami. The Grand Challenge was held in Piombino, Italy, in the surroundings of the Tor del Sale power plant, from September
17 to 25. To prepare the teams for the Grand Challenge, two competitions, dedicated to land and marine robots, respectively, took place in 2013 and 2014. In all the competitions, a strong effort was made in benchmarking what led to meaningful and reasonable scoring principles. Workshops and
educational activities complemented the competitions. In this paper, we will focus on the marine robotics competitions of euRathlon with a particular focus on the Grand Challenge. Both technical achievements and general results are presented. The results in terms of team participation and
the fruitful effort in dissemination led to establish euRathlon Grand Challenge as the de facto leading search and rescue outdoor robotics competition in Europe.
Transient Noise Reduction in Cochlear Implant Users: A Multi-Band Approach
Authors: Dyballa Karl-Heinz , Hehrmann Phillipp , Hamacher Volkmar , Lenarz Thomas , Buechner Andreas
Published: August 2016

A previously-tested transient noise reduction (TNR) algorithm for cochlear implant (CI) users was modified to detect and attenuate transients independently across multiple frequency-bands. Since speech and transient noise are often spectrally distinct, we hypothesized that benefits in speech intelligibility can be achieved over the earlier single- band design. Fifteen experienced CI users (49 to 72 years) were tested unilaterally using pre-processed stimuli delivered directly to a speech processor. Speech intelligibility in transient and soft stationary noise, subjective sound quality and the recognition of warning signals was investigated in three processing conditions: no TNR (TNRoff), single- band TNR (TNRsgl) and multi-band TNR (TNRmult). Notably, TNRmult improved speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in cafeteria noise and office noise by up to 3 dB over both TNRoff and TNRsgl, and yielded higher comfort and clarity ratings in cafeteria noise. Our results indicate that multi-band transient noise reduction may be advantageous compared to a single-band approach, and reveal a substantial overall potential for TNR to improve speech perception and listening comfort in CI users.
The wisdom of Ben Sira in MENA cultural context: A cultural topical index
Authors: Pilch John
Published: August 2016

The biblical Books of Proverbs and Ben Sira (Sirach; Ecclesiasticus) yield no narrative continuity or logical outline. They are simply collections. The best way to interpret these books is with the aid of a topical index. Most topical indexes are based on English (or another language) translation. This article proposes a tentative topical index reflecting Middle East North African culture and its values. It will serve as the outline for a full length commentary already in process.
Nuut gedink oor die belang van empiriese werk in Suid-Afrikaanse gemeentes
Authors: Venter C.J.H.
Published: August 2016

No abstract available.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Clinical Malaria Risk in 6-Month-Old Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Brazeau Nicholas F. , Tabala Martine , Kiketa Landry , Kayembe Dyna , Chalachala Jean Lambert , Kawende Bienvenu , Lapika Bruno , Meshnick Steven R. , Yotebieng Marcel
Published: August 2016

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. However, the effect of EBF on malaria risk remains unclear. In the present study, 137 EBF infants and 358 non-EBF infants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were assessed for fever and malaria infections by polymerase chain reaction, at 6 months of age. EBF was associated with a reduced risk of clinical malaria (odds ratio = 0.13; 95% confidence interval = 0.00–0.80), suggesting a protective effect of EBF against malaria.
Meta-generalis: A novel method for structuring information from radiology reports
Authors: Barbosa Flavio , Traina Agma , Muglia Valdair
Published: August 2016

A structured report for imaging exams aims at increasing the precision in information retrieval and communication between physicians. However, it is more concise than free text and may limit specialists’ descriptions of important findings not covered by pre-defined structures. A computational ontological structure derived from free texts designed by specialists may be a solution for this problem. Therefore, the goal of our study was to develop a methodology for structuring information in radiology reports covering specifications required for the Brazilian Portuguese language, including the terminology to be used.

We gathered 1,701 radiological reports of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the lumbosacral spine from three different institutions. Techniques of text mining and ontological conceptualization of lexical units extracted were used to structure information. Ten radiologists, specialists in lumbosacral MRI, evaluated the textual superstructure and terminology extracted using an electronic questionnaire.

The established methodology consists of six steps: 1) collection of radiology reports of a specific MRI examination; 2) textual decomposition; 3) normalization of lexical units; 4) identification of textual superstructures; 5) conceptualization of candidate-terms; and 6) evaluation of superstructures and extracted terminology by experts using an electronic questionnaire. Three different textual superstructures were identified, with terminological variations in the names of their textual categories. The number of candidate-terms conceptualized was 4,183, yielding 727 concepts. There were a total of 13,963 relationships between candidate-terms and concepts and 789 relationships among concepts.

The proposed methodology allowed structuring information in a more intuitive and practical way. Indications of three textual superstructures, extraction of lexicon units and the normalization and ontologically conceptualization were achieved while maintaining references to their respective categories and free text radiology reports.

Citation: Barbosa F, Traina AJ, Muglia VF. Meta-generalis: A novel method for structuring information from radiology reports.
Iron-bound organic carbon in forest soils: quantification and
characterization
Authors: Zhao Qian , Poulson Simon R. , Obrist Daniel , Sumaila Samira , Dynes James J. , McBeth Joyce M. , Yang Yu
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Iron oxide minerals play an important role in stabilizing organic carbon (OC) and regulating the biogeochemical cycles of OC on the earth surface. To predict the fate of OC, it is essential to understand the amount, spatial variability, and characteristics of Fe-bound OC in natural soils. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and characteristics of Fe-bound OC in soils collected from 14 forests in the United States and determined the impact of ecogeographical variables and soil physicochemical properties on the association of OC and Fe minerals. On average, Fe-bound OC contributed 37.8 % of total OC (TOC) in forest soils. Atomic ratios of OC : Fe ranged from 0.56 to 17.7, with values of 1–10 for most samples, and the ratios indicate the importance of both sorptive and incorporative interactions. The fraction of Fe-bound OC in TOC (fFe-OC) was not related to the concentration of reactive Fe, which suggests that the importance of association with Fe in OC accumulation was not governed by the concentration of reactive Fe. Concentrations of Fe-bound OC and fFe-OC increased with latitude and reached peak values at a site with a mean annual temperature of 6.6 °C. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analyses revealed that Fe-bound OC was less aliphatic than non-Fe-bound OC. Fe-bound OC also was more enriched in 13C compared to the non-Fe-bound OC, but C ∕ N ratios did not differ substantially. In summary, 13C-enriched OC with less aliphatic carbon and more carboxylic carbon was associated with Fe minerals in the soils, with values of fFe-OC being controlled by both sorptive and incorporative associations between Fe and OC. Overall, this study demonstrates that Fe oxides play an important role in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of C in forest soils and uncovers the governing factors for the spatial variability and characteristics of Fe-bound OC.
Speaking of Legacy: Toward an Ethos of Modesty at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
Authors: Kendall Sara , Nouwen Sarah M. H.
Published: August 2016

Pour qu’un héritage soit réellement grand, il faut que la main du défunt ne se voie pas.

In 2014, a year of memorial ceremonies commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the Rwandan genocide, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) marked its own twentieth year with the launch of a “legacy website.” With the closing of the Tribunal scheduled for December 2015, the question of its legacy had become increasingly pressing. The website premiered a video that “celebrates the accomplishments of the ICTR” in a “visually compelling” style. Blurring the distinction between documentary account and film trailer, the video begins with iconic images of the African continent: a boy rolling a hoop down a dirt road; laborers ferrying wares; women in colorful dresses tending children. These scenes of daily life are interrupted by images of men wielding machetes and corpses, interspersed with the figure of the radio, reminding the viewer that the 1994 genocide was encouraged through broadcasts inciting Hutus to take up arms against their Tutsi neighbors. The video lists the Tribunal’s contributions to international criminal law, but also describes a much broader impact: “a record of legal reform in Rwanda, and outreach, education, legal training, and healing.” Young boys leap into a body of water to punctuate the final term, suggesting the hope of a new Rwanda. The narrator proclaims, “today in Rwanda, it’s safe to listen to the radio again: the sound is of a nation rebuilding.” The film’s final words reach beyond the Rwandan context, affirming that ours is “a world pushing forward despite great imperfection, each day closer to a time when international law offers justice to all people, everywhere.”
Perception of Western Modernity from the Gaze of Ṣadraism: Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s and Murtaḍā Muṭahharī’s Critique of Modern Western Philosophy
Authors: Gösken Urs
Published: August 2016

Among the many Iranian thinkers who dealt with Western intellectual systems and concepts, Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabā’ī (1903–81)1 and Murtaḍā Muṭahharī (1920–79),2 two of the leading religious scholars of their time, stand out as the first to attempt to subject crucial teachings of modern Western philosophy to critical discussion by assessing the intellectual quality of their reasoning and questioning their claim to superiority to premodern philosophical systems.3 The doctrines they mainly engaged in the wake of their project were Cartesianism, empiricism, Kantian criticism, positivism, and Hegelianism. Their intellectual enterprise, going back to the 1950s, comes after a period when Iranian intellectuals’ contact with Western philosophy had been mainly receptive, based on the premise that doctrines of modern philosophy such as positivism and materialism were indispensable for intellectual and cultural progress.4 In the nineteenth century—and up to the 1950s—Iranians who grappled with Western philosophy often did so under the impact of the then-current philosophical teachings in Europe like positivism, scientism, naturalism, and empiricism5 and later, with the growing influence of Marxism on political thinking in Iran, dialectical materialism.6 In selecting the doctrines they came to adopt, they were less guided by purely intellectual interests, and more, perhaps, by intellectual, political, and ideological tendencies.
Women in Mordecai Richler’s Novels: Is There a Problem?
Authors: Mauer Shana Rosenblatt
Published: August 2016

Although it has been more than half a century since it was first noted that author Mordecai Richler writes novels with a problematic portrayal of women, there has been little critical work closely examining this aspect of his works. This essay examines the construction of women characters in Richler’s corpus and whether there are textual grounds for reading his novels as a body of work threaded with sexist overtones. Despite a temporizing tendency in Richler’s development as a novelist in relation to several social issues, including gender roles, I conclude that the idealized patterns of male-female relations are always traditional, based on conventional notions of beauty, femininity, and women’s subordination.
IKVAV-Containing Cell Membrane Penetrating Peptide Treatment Induces Changes in Cellular Morphology after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kazemi Soheila , Baltzer Wendy , Mansouri Hadi , Schilke Karl , Mata John
Published: August 2016

A cell membrane spanning peptide was used to increase the concentration of the IKVAV motif within damaged mouse spinal cord tissue. This peptide was injected directly to the lesion 24 hours after spinal cord compression injury. Because the membrane-spanning portion of the peptide adheres to tissue upon injection with a long half-life we hypothesized that the bioactive IKVAV sequence will provide a sustained regenerative signal at the sight of injury. Five different groups of mice were used and cellular morphology observations were undertaken using light and electron microscopy. Three surgical control groups: IKVAV, peptide and mannitol; one surgical treatment group: IKVAV-peptide; and one non-surgical control group: normal, were used in this experiment. In this study, treatment with IKVAV-peptide after SCI resulted in an increased number of protoplasmic astrocytes, large active motor neurons, and regeneration of muscle bundles followed by behavioral improvement. In this paper, we describe the cellular differences between all groups.
Effect of Fertilizer Management in Combination with Soil Conditioner on Yield of Cassava Cultivated on Coarse-Textured Soil in Thailand
Authors: Pongsivapai Pongpet , Thongjoo Chaisit , Romkaew Jutamas , Inboonchuay Tawatchai
Published: August 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of fertilizer management in combination with soil conditioner (zeolite, pumice and organic fertilizer) on yield of cassava var. Huay Bong 60 cultivated on coarse-textured soil in Thailand. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that addition of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer rate 1,018.75 kg ha-1 gave the highest plant height, above ground biomass, fresh tuber yield, starch content, starch yield and concentration of primary nutrient in fresh tuber yield and were not difference from addition of 100% chemical fertilizer combined with zeolite rate 312.5 kg ha-1 (P≤0.01). After experiment, it was found that all treatments comprising sole chemical fertilizer at various rates or combined with soil conditioners were found to influence soil properties; soil pH was moderately to slightly acid, electrical conductivity (ECe) was non-saline soil, low to moderately low organic matter in soil, moderately low to moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC), low to moderate available P in soil; very low exchangeable K in soil.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: August 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Review of European Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2016
Sustainable practices and eco-innovations adopted by industrial companies
Authors: Sehnem Simone , Lazzarotti Fábio , Bencke Fernando Fantoni
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to analyze the level of adoption of sustainable and eco-innovations implemented in the processes of industrial enterprises practices. The study was conducted in 300 industrial enterprises located in southern Brazil. It consists of a survey questionnaire that made use scalar itemizado measurement. Assigned a numerical score from 1 to 7, ranging from never to always Adopts Adopts, for each of the indicators evaluated. The questionnaire was made by the theoretical foundation of studies in the literature on eco-innovation and sustainable practices. Thus, the descriptive analysis was to evaluate the frequency distribution of responses if they obtained the measures of central tendency and dispersion for scalar variables and frequency distribution for categorical variables. Data analysis was performed based on the frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and variance. They were also calculated kurtosis and skewness to understand the nature of the data distribution. The results show that the surveyed companies have increased investment in social and marketing area, in the perception of the subjects. Were evaluated types of eco-innovation that obtained the highest average and lower standard deviations. As need for improvements are innovation in products as the lowest mean and higher variance, followed by the organizational dimension. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is to understand the eco-innovation adoption stage in industrial companies, which allowed the development of an action agenda to contribute to the consolidation of these practices in Brazilian companies, since the understanding of the respondents, they they are fundamental in improving the quality, image and management industries.
Dualisme financier et politique monétaire : un réexamen théorique des implications
Authors: Babatoundé Alain L.
Published: August 2016

Cet article réexamine les implications monétaires du dualisme financier. Enrichissant le cadre d’analyse de Sidrauski (1967), Montiel (1991) puis Agénor et Alper (2009) des dépôts décentralisés pour lesquels les agents ont une préférence (Ary Tanimoune, 2007), nous dérivons l’offre de dépôts des agents non financiers sur le marché des fonds prêtables. Nous montrons que le taux d’intérêt créditeur des institutions de microfinance (IMF) et celui des banques ont un même effet direct ou indirect sur l’offre de dépôts décentralisés; cet effet dépend d’un niveau critique de différentiel de taux. L’effet substitution attendu d’une hausse de taux d’intérêt créditeur des banques s’opère si et seulement si le différentiel de taux qui prévaut est inférieur à ce seuil critique. Nous concluons ainsi, que la politique de taux créditeur reste inefficace lorsque les différentiels de taux d’intérêt entre les deux sous-secteurs sont relativement faibles. Avec cet ancrage théorique, non seulement le résultat relativise la proposition de Eboué (1990) suivant laquelle les dépôts décentralisés renforcent l’activité bancaire avec une meilleure mobilisation de l’épargne à des fins d’investissement productif, mais aussi, il apporte une explication à l’échec des politiques de libéralisation financière dans les économies en développement. Le modèle permet d’établir par ailleurs, une relation inverse entre l’offre de dépôts décentralisés et le taux d’intérêt sur le marché monétaire.
A Shrinkage Instrumental Variable Estimator for Large Datasets
Authors: Carriero Andrea , Kapetanios George , Marcellino Massilimiano
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes and discusses an instrumental variable estimator that can be of particular relevance when many instruments are available and/or the number of instruments is large relative to the total number of observations. Intuition and recent work (see, e.g., Hahn, 2002) suggest that parsimonious devices used in the construction of the final instruments may provide effective estimation strategies. Shrinkage is a well known approach that promotes parsimony. We consider a new shrinkage 2SLS estimator. We derive a consistency result for this estimator under general conditions, and via Monte Carlo simulation show that this estimator has good potential for inference in small samples.
Log-Transform Kernel Density Estimation of Income Distribution
Authors: Charpentier Arthur , Flachaire Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

Standard kernel density estimation methods are very often used in practice to estimate density functions. It works well in numerous cases. However, it is known not to work so well with skewed, multimodal and heavy-tailed distributions. Such features are usual with income distributions, defined over the positive support. In this paper, we show that a preliminary logarithmic transformation of the data, combined with standard kernel density estimation methods, can provide a much better fit of the density estimation.
Skopos and (Un)certainty: How Functional Translators Deal with Doubt
Authors: Nord Christiane
Published: August 2016

There are no rules for translation. Translation is a decision-making process, and each decision point involves uncertainty. In the following article, I would like to show how, from a skopos-theoretical perspective, a top-down procedure can at least reduce uncertainty to some degree. The top level is that of the translation brief, which determines the choice of translation type and form. This is a binary decision. A documentary translation usually “documents” the pragmatics of the source text, whereas an instrumental translation gets a pragmatics of its own, for example with regard to deixis. At the next level, the translator has to deal with cultural norms and conventions. Here, the decision becomes more complex because the brief may require the reproduction of some source-culture behaviours and the adaptation of others to target-culture conventions, both in documentary and instrumental translations. The next level is that of language. We may safely assume that most translations are expected to conform to the norms of the target-language system, but there may be cases where source-language norms have to be reproduced, for example in an interlinear translation for linguistic purposes. At the last two levels, the remaining doubts have to be resolved first in line with contextual restrictions and, ultimately, the translator’s personal preferences, if necessary.
Récits croisés d’une migration intérieure. L’identité à l’épreuve du territoire dans Deux Frogs dans l’Ouest et Le divan du monde
Authors: Bachand Denis , Bertrand Karine
Published: August 2016

Partant d’une réflexion menée par Walter Moser (2008) sur les déclinaisons du road movie, cet article examine la reprise du genre dans deux films franco-canadiens qui utilisent le motif de la route pour mettre en scène une quête identitaire : celle de deux jeunes femmes francophones (une Québécoise et une Acadienne), dont la traversée du territoire canadien, où prédomine la langue de la majorité anglophone, illustre comment la déterritorialisation du sujet minoritaire l’amène à se redéfinir dans un espace d’altérité qui, ultimement, contribue à la reconfiguration de son identité. L’analyse de ces deux longs métrages montre en outre comment la suture géographique des espaces opérée par l’enchaînement de leurs séquences narratives participe à la cohésion et au renforcement de la construction identitaire nationale.
Les politiques de conciliation travail-famille : la nécessité d’une analyse intersectorielle ?
Authors: Bourque Mélanie , St-Amour Nathalie
Published: August 2016

La conciliation travail-famille (CTF) fait partie du discours politique depuis plus de 20 ans. Les chercheurs se sont d’ailleurs penchés en grand nombre sur ce concept qui vise à saisir les difficultés que rencontrent quotidiennement les parents en emploi. Cependant, l’action publique, tout comme les chercheurs ont tendance à examiner un seul côté de la médaille du conflit que vivent les parents lorsqu’ils doivent conjuguer responsabilités professionnelles et responsabilités familiales. Soit ils se penchent sur la mise en oeuvre ou l’analyse de la politique familiale, soit ils s’intéressent au marché du travail ou le légifère. En conséquence, si l’on considère que la CTF représente un enjeu social d’importance, il est nécessaire de procéder à une analyse intersectorielle qui permet de prendre en compte les deux dimensions que sont la politique familiale et la régulation du marché du travail pour la recherche comme pour la législation.
Récits du quotidien après la sortie de carrière : quelles expériences du vieillir « actif » et quels enjeux de citoyenneté ?
Authors: Marchand Isabelle , Firbank Oscar
Published: August 2016

Dans le contexte mondial du vieillissement de la population, le vieillissement actif s’impose dorénavant comme cadre référentiel guidant l’action publique afin de susciter « l’activation » du citoyen-retraité face à sa trajectoire du vieillir. Celui-ci est de plus en plus enjoint, d’une part, à rester le plus longtemps possible sur le marché du travail et, d’autre part, à participer à la vie de la cité, surtout après la sortie de carrière. Pourtant, dans nos sociétés salariales, l’individu actif est généralement celui qui contribue au marché du travail. Au regard de la prédominance du travail rémunéré sur tout autre champ du social, comment pouvons-nous comprendre et interpréter le caractère actif de l’activité post-carrière des retraités, en l’occurrence celle des femmes, longtemps considérées comme « inactives » en raison du travail fantôme accompli dans le domaine du privé ? Au regard de résultats d’une recherche menée dans une perspective qualitative et privilégiant la méthode des récits de vie, nous nous sommes intéressés aux pratiques « actives » du vieillir dans la vie quotidienne de femmes ayant quitté le marché de l’emploi. Nous avons regroupé ces pratiques sous divers « pôles d’activation » et nous discuterons d’abord celles logées sous le pôle ducareet, par la suite, les pratiques liées à la participation sociale, et ce, en tentant de cerner leur déplacement dans la transition biographique qu’amènent la sortie de carrière et l’entrée dans la retraite. Ces résultats nous amèneront, en conclusion, à réfléchir aux enjeux sociopolitiques, dont ceux liés aux rapports de genre que soulèvent les perspectives d’une citoyenneté « active » du vieillissement.
Discours à propos du rôle de l’expertise dans les processus de prise de décision en développement international
Authors: della Faille Dimitri , La France-Moreau Valérie , Paradis-Charette Laurent
Published: August 2016

Nous proposons dans cet article une réflexion critique sur l’insertion de l’expertise dans les processus de prise de décision en développement international à partir d’une revue de la littérature. Nous montrons que la plupart des réflexions à propos de l’expertise la placent en relation avec une tendance générale à la technicisation des prises de décisions ainsi qu’en relation avec une hiérarchisation des connaissances. Nous proposons une typologie de classification des différentes positions à l’égard de l’expertise, de son inscription institutionnelle, de sa participation à des processus décisionnels et de son rôle.
La cyberdémocratie québécoise : Twitter bashing, #VoteCampus et selfies
Authors: Sullivan Katherine V.R. , Bélanger Pierre C.
Published: August 2016

Les potentialités démocratiques des médias sociaux font désormais partie des programmes de recherche de plusieurs politologues. Toutefois, la première analyse de l’utilisation de Twitter en contexte politique au Canada ne remonte qu’à 2010. Nous contribuons à cette récente littérature en explorant les manières dont les candidats aux élections générales québécoises de 2014 utilisent ce média. Pour les cyber-optimistes, la twittosphère peut faciliter les interactions avec les politiciens, augmenter l’accès à l’information et encourager la participation politique. En revanche, les cyber-pessimistes estiment que les espaces numériques servent essentiellement les professionnels du marketing politique. Pour analyser ces prétentions dichotomiques, nous avons analysé le contenu de plus de 13 000 gazouillis de candidats siégeant à l’Assemblée nationale du Québec. Nos résultats démontrent qu’à l’exception des candidats de Québec solidaire (dont lestweetsse démarquent de manière statistiquement significative), les politiciens rattachés aux trois partis principaux du Québec ont surtout utilisé Twitter à des fins de marketing politique, notamment dans une stratégie de campagne négative.
Translation North and South: Composing the Translator’s Archive
Authors: Guzmán María Constanza
Published: August 2016

One of Daniel Simeoni’s major contributions to translation thinking is his investigation of the translator as an agent of cultural production. This approach to the translator, in Simeoni’s view, originates in a strong sense of social and geopolitical situatedness. Based on this perspective and drawing on Simeoni’s arguments and in particular on his call to develop translators’ “sociographies,” in this paper I posit the notion of the “translator’s archive” as an epistemological and methodological possibility to study the translator and for a geneology of translation praxis. I investigate the significance of the “translator’s archive” in particular to understand the place of literary translators and their social situatedness and agency in the context of the Americas.
Inspirasjon til og praktiske råd for arkivsøk som journalistisk metode
Authors: Andresen Herbjørn
Published: August 2016

Bokanmeldelse av Arkivsøk for journalister
You can hide but you can’t run: apparent competition, predator responses and the decline of Arctic ground squirrels in boreal forests of the southwest Yukon
Authors: Werner Jeffery R. , Gillis Elizabeth A. , Boonstra Rudy , Krebs Charles J.
Published: August 2016

Throughout much of North America’s boreal forest, the cyclical fluctuations of snowshoe hare populations (Lepus americanus) may cause other herbivores to become entrained in similar cycles. Alternating apparent competition via prey switching followed by positive indirect effects are the mechanisms behind this interaction. Our purpose is to document a change in the role of indirect interactions between sympatric populations of hares and arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii plesius), and to emphasize the influence of predation for controlling ground squirrel numbers. We used mark-recapture to estimate the population densities of both species over a 25-year period that covered two snowshoe hare cycles. We analysed the strength of association between snowshoe hare and ground squirrel numbers, and the changes to the seasonal and annual population growth rates of ground squirrels over time. A hyperbolic curve best describes the per capita rate of increase of ground squirrels relative to their population size, with a single stable equilibrium and a lower critical threshold below which populations drift to extinction. The crossing of this unstable boundary resulted in the subsequent uncoupling of ground squirrel and hare populations following the decline phase of their cycles in 1998. The implications are that this sustained Type II predator response led to the local extinction of ground squirrels. When few individuals are left in a colony, arctic ground squirrels may also have exhibited an Allee effect caused by the disruption of social signalling of approaching predators.