bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenèse des Encéphalopathies Spongiformes Transmissibles : apports du modèle ovin
Authors: SCHELCHER F. , ANDREOLETTI O. , TABOURET G. , LACROUX C. , FOUCRAS G. , EYCHENNE F. , BERTHON P. , SARRADIN P. , LANTIER F. , ELSEN J.M.
Published: June 2020

Parmi les Encéphalopathies Spongiformes Transmissibles (EST), la tremblante du mouton est un modèle d’infection naturelle, caractérisé par la diversité des souches d’agent de transmission, par un rôle majeur des facteurs génétiques de réceptivité/sensibilité et par une transmission interindividuelle fréquente. La voie de contamination naturelle semble être orale. Chez des ovins génétiquement sensibles (PrPVRQ/VRQ) (premiers symptômes observés vers 20 à 24 mois), la PrPsc a été détectée dans les plaques de Peyer iléales dès l’âge de 21 jours. L’ensemble des formations lymphoïdes secondaires est envahi entre l’âge de 3 et 6 mois. Dans les tissus lymphoïdes, la PrPsc s’accumule d’abord dans les cellules CD 68+ (cellules dendritiques ou macrophages) puis dans les cellules folliculaires dendritiques. A partir des plexus nerveux myentériques, la PrPsc gagnerait le système nerveux central par les nerfs sympathiques et parasympathiques. Les cellules de Schwann pourraient jouer un rôle majeur dans ce transfert. L’envahissement du névraxe débute vers 9 à 10 mois d’âge, dans le noyau dorsal du nerf vague et dans les segments médullaires T4–T9. A partir des organes lymphoïdes et/ou nerveux, la PrPsc contamine d’autres tissus en particulier placentaire et musculaire. Les modalités de contamination, sanguine versus nerveuse, restent hypothétiques. L’accumulation de PrPsc dans le trophoblaste placentaire de brebis infectées, est déterminée par le génotype PrP du foetus. Dans les muscles d’ovins en phase d’incubation ou en phase clinique, la PrPsc est détectable dans des structures particulières, les fuseaux neuromusculaires, mais à des concentrations environ 5000 fois inférieures à celles détectées dans l’obex d’ovins en phase clinique. Chez les ovins, ces résultats (nature des tissus atteints, cinétique) sont étroitement dépendants du génotype PrP de l’hôte et probablement de la souche d’EST. L’extension à d’autres modèles animaux ou humains doit donc être réalisée avec prudence.
Approche immunochimique de la structure de la protéine cellulaire PrPc ovine. Caractérisation d’anticorps discriminant les glycoformes et les allèles de la protéine Prion chez le mouton
Authors: MOUDJOU M. , SABUNCU E. , VILETTE D. , LEDUR A. , LAUDE H.
Published: June 2020

Les Encéphalopathies Spongiformes Transmissibles (EST) sont des maladies neurodégénératives caractérisées par l’accumulation dans le cerveau d’une forme anormale de la protéine prion, la PrP. La PrP cellulaire est une glycoprotéine membranaire qui a deux sites de glycosylation. La susceptibilité des moutons à la tremblante, la plus répandue des EST, est sous le contrôle d’un polymorphisme génétique en position 136, 154 et 171 de la protéine PrP. Différents travaux ont montré que l’efficacité de la conversion de la PrP normale (PrPc) en PrP anormale (PrPsc) pouvait être influencée à la fois par son degré de glycosylation et par sa séquence primaire en acides aminés. Au cours de notre travail de production d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre la PrP ovine, nous avons obtenu de nouveaux anticorps discriminants les différentes formes glycosylées de la PrP. Parmi ces anticorps, nous avons montré que certains présentent une affinité différentielle vis-à-vis des allèles de la PrP, essentiellement en position 171. Cette position est connue pour jouer un rôle majeur dans le contrôle de la résistance (Arginine, R171) et de la sensibilité (Glutamine, Q171) des moutons à la tremblante. Ces anticorps représentent de nouveaux outils pour étudier la relation entre le niveau de glycosylation de la PrPc et sa capacité à être convertie en PrPsc. Ils nous permettront également une analyse plus fine du profil électrophorétique des différentes glycoformes de la PrP anormale dans le cadre du typage de souches de prions. Enfin, ces anticorps peuvent être utilisés pour le génotypage rapide des moutons en vue d’une sélection d’animaux résistants à la tremblante et pour la compréhension des bases moléculaires de la résistance à la tremblante conférée par la présence de l’Arginine en position 171 de la PrP.
Destruction des farines animales : valorisation des fractions lipidiques en biolubrifiants et additifs biocarburants, et du résidu protéique (ou de l’ensemble)
Authors: MOULOUNGUI Z. , LACROUX E. , VACA-GARCIA C. , PEYDECASTAING J.
Published: June 2020

L’objectif des travaux est d’étudier la faisabilité de nouvelles voies d’élimination et de valorisation des farines animales. Nous abordons ici l’étude de deux voies de valorisation complémentaires et indépendantes: d’une part, la valorisation de la fraction lipidique en «biocarburant» et «biolubrifiant» et, d’autre part, celle du résidu délipidé ou de l’ensemble de la matrice dans la fabrication de matériaux polymères. Dans un premier temps, les études développées se proposent de mettre en oeuvre un suivi qualité selon les recommandations de la Direction Générale de l’Alimentation. Ensuite, l’étude de la mise en oeuvre d’outils d’extraction à haut débit et de méthodes rapides de caractérisation des constituants majeurs et mineurs a pour but de caractériser la matrice «farines animales». La connaissance de la composition de la matrice a gouverné l’orientation de la stratégie de transformation de la fraction lipidique axée sur les études de transfert d’acyles. Elle permet d’obtenir des acides gras à partir des lipides extraits, puis de les utiliser pour synthétiser des esters gras simples. En perspective, nous proposons d’associer cette méthodologie à des technologies spécifiques qui permettront d’envisager la décontamination des farines animales lors de leur transformation. La deuxième partie des travaux consiste à utiliser les farines animales ainsi que les farines obtenues après extraction des lipides comme matières premières dans le cadre d’une étude de faisabilité concernant de nouveaux matériaux polymères. Il s’agit de procéder à la déstructuration thermochimique des macromolécules animales (susceptible de dégrader l’agent pathogène) dans le but de les réduire à l’état de monomères destinés à participer à la synthèse d’un nouveau polymère. Les essais de liquéfaction de cette matrice en présence de phénol ont donné des résultats encourageants. La fabrication de matériaux polymères constituerait une voie de valorisation permettant d’écouler de grandes quantités de farines animales.
Numéro hors série, 2004, Encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles animales - Annexes
Authors: ELSEN J.M. , AYNAUD J.M.
Published: June 2020

ANNEXE N°1 - Liste des publications scientifiques réalisées par les équipes INRA engagées dans des projets sur les maladies à prions
ANNEXE N°2 - Bilan de l’animation scientifique et de la coordination des recherches mises en place à l’INRA depuis 1990
ANNEXE N°3 - Recherches menées en collaboration au sein de l’union européenne : liste des 18 projets européens dans le domaine des EST animales impliquant l’INRA comme coordinateur ou comme partenaire.
The study of a silatrane-containing preparation on improving the consumer properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Dubachek MC), grown hydroponically in phytotron-ISR 0.1
Authors: Othman Ali J. , Eliseeva L. G. , Zelenkov V. N. , Latushkin V. V.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the results of experimental study on the possibility of improving consumer properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa – var. Dubachuk MC) grown under the conditions of closed system in ISR-0.1 phytotron by applying foliar treatment of different concentrations of 1-ethoxysilatran - a new silicon based preparation belonging to Silatrans group. The trail demonstrated no effect of the preparation when applied in a concentration of 5.10-4 ml/l in ES1 treatment. However, the effectiveness starts upon using higher concentrations. The best yield components were obtained as a result of foliar treatments of ES3 and ES4 with concentrations of 5.10-3 and 10-2 ml/l respectively. Applying foliar treatment in vegetative phase resulted in complex effect of activation of physiological processes in plants, stimulating the photosynthetic activity and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments by recording a 22.7% increase in chlorophyll-a and 18.6% in carotenoids content in fresh leaves. Nitrate accumulation recorded 792.3 mg/100g in ES4 which is 2.7 times higher than the control. Also, an increase in dry matter content by 12.2%, pigments by 16.3%, total antioxidants capacity, a 40% increase in ascorbic acid content were recorded. While only slight increase in total phenolic content was observed in higher concentrations. These overall considerable influences in metabolic activities lead to a better productivity in case of production mass. Further studies should be concerning the effect of 1-ethoxysilatran on other leafy vegetables and prolonging the storage of them.
Mathematical Model and Simulation for Nutrient-Plant Interaction Analysis
Authors: Ban Byunghyun
Published: June 2020

Differential equation models to understand interaction between plant and nutrient solution are presented. The root cells selectively emit H+ ions with active transport consuming ATPs to establish electrical gradient along the cell membrane. It establishes electrical field with Nernst potential to make positively charged ions outside the cell membrane flow into the root cell. Anion influx is also modulated by H+ ion concentration because plant root cell absorbs negatively charged particles with symport. If an anion collides with H+ cell to make net charge as neutral, at symport channel, it can flow through. In this paper, mathematical models for cation and anion absorption are introduced. Cation absorption model was induced from Ohm's law combined with Goldman's equation. Anion absorption model is similar to chemical reaction rate model. Both models have physiological terms influenced by gene expression pattern, species or phenotypes. Cation model also includes terms for ion's kinetic and electrical properties, growth of plant and interaction between the root and the surroundings. Simulation for 20 different sets of coefficients showed that the physiology-related coefficient has important role on nutrition absorption tendencies of plants.
COVID-19 Transmission Estimates and Forecasts: A Model to Test Sample Selection Bias in a ‘Low Risk’ Crisis
Authors: Straka John
Published: June 2020

This paper surveys estimates of the transmission features of the novel coronavirus, and then proposes a model to address sample-selection bias in estimated determinants of infection. Containment assumptions of the infection forecasting models depend on assumed effects of policies and self-regulating behavior. In the commons dilemma of the pandemic, the perceived ‘low risks’ of unregulated marginal choices do not reflect the full social cost, implying non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) to reduce mortality can enhance social welfare. As more economic activity renews with liftings of restrictive NPI (RNPI), a critical question concerns the ability of milder NPI (MNPI) and voluntary precautions to mitigate the risk of greater infections and deaths while also limiting the pandemic’s economic damage and its social costs. Ineffective NPI could lead to continued COVID-19 waves and new types of crises, worsened expectations and delayed economic recoveries. From the central range of surveyed estimates of transmission and alternative herd-immunity-threshold estimates, a ‘worst-case’ virus guidepost suggests eventual deaths of around 25 to 41 million worldwide and 1.1 to 1.7 million in the U.S. needed to reach herd immunity with no vaccine or treatment. The most optimistic study surveyed (theoretical model from a non-reviewed preprint study) combined with the low end of the range of the estimated mortality rate suggests 6 to 9 million deaths worldwide and 250 to 370 thousand in the U.S. to reach herd immunity. Successes in the mix of NPI, treatments, and vaccine can limit the eventual global death toll of the virus. Improved estimation models for forecasting and decision making may assist in better targeting the local timings and mix of NPI. Diagnostic tests for the virus have been largely limited to symptomatic cases, causing possible sample selection bias. A recursive bivariate probit model of infection and testing is proposed along with several possible applications from cross-section or panel-data estimation. Multiple potential explanatory variables, data sources, and estimation needs are specified and discussed.
COVID-19 with Positive Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) But Negative Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs: Case Report and Insights
Authors: Jahromi Reza , Avazpour Arezoo , Jahromi Maryam , Alavi Jalile
Published: June 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mainly affects the respiratory system with some patients rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The most common symptoms of the patients are fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and fatigue. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are the most commonly used methods to diagnose COVID-19. Herein, we investigate and discuss a young case of COVID-19, without any pre-existing medical conditions, whose both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab tests of SARS-CoV-2 were negative in the prodromal phase. However, after three days, with severe dyspnea and rapidly progressed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the case was identified as infected by COVID-19 by testing bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The patient was intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU) but expired on the fourth day. This case shows the importance of active and accurate monitoring of the patients showing COVID-19 symptoms. Although the BALF test has a higher exposure risk, it is considered more accurate and recommended if performed by an expert operator.
Position Control of a Solenoid Based Linearly Movable Armature System using Robust Control Technique
Authors: Jibril Mustefa
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a solenoid based linearly movable armature system is designed using robust control theory in order to improve the performance of the system. Reference track method is the best performance analysis for position control systems. Among the robust controllers, H infinity mixed-sensitivity and Mixed H 2 /H∞ with Regional Pole Placement Controllers are used to improve the performance of the system. Comparison of the proposed controllers for tracking a reference displacement signals (step and sine wave) and a promising simulation result have been obtained.
THE ANALYSIS OF 4th GRADE STUDENT TEXTBOOK BASED ON THE 2013 CURRICULUM ON THE THEME OF PAHLAWANKU WITH THE SUBTHEME OF PERJUANGAN PARA PAHLAWAN (LESSON SIX)
Authors: Indriasari Bernadine Ajeng , Afriadi Bambang
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine suitability of stundent book of fourth grade student based on Curricullum 2013 on theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan Para Pahlawan” on lesson six with core competencies, learning objectives, indicator, learning activity, materials, tools and learning resources. This section is the sixth fragmen of eighteen analyze of learning activities plan in student book grade fourth based Curicullum 2013. Research method is descriptive qualitative method by analyzing documents are student book of fourth grade student based on Curricullum 2013 on theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan Para Pahlawan” on lesson six and teacher book of fourth grade student based on Curricullum 2013 on theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan para Pahlawan” on lesson six. The analize revolves on the rule of Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nasional, an article discussing about the implementation of Curricullum 2013 and article from website of Badan Nasional Standar Pendidikan (BSNP). Based on result of this research are found that core competencies of mathematics that do not appear in the competency mapping appear in learning materials, indicators of IPA do not match the needed of basic competencies, learning objectives that are not in accordance with the formulation of indicators, materials of IPA and PJOK subjects to liltte and learning subject and tools not listed in student books. Based on the results of the analysis it was conclude that student book of fourth grade student theme “Pahlawanku” subtheme “Perjuangan Para Pahlawan” on lesson six needs a lot of improvement in accordance with the study result.
The Division of Philosophy in British Library, MS Additional 62130
Authors: Dinkova-Bruun Greti
Published: June 2020

This note presents an edition and brief discussion of the anonymous text Divisio philosophie preserved in London, British Library, MS Additional 62130 (saec. XIII–XV), which is a large miscellaneous codex, compiled at the Cistercian Abbey of the Blessed Virgin at Fountains. Despite its title, the text does not present a full division of the sciences; rather, it engages particularly with the “physical” or “natural” ones, i.e. phisica, mathematica and theologia, or in other words, with the branch philosophy called philosophia speculativa. In addition, the author also divides the physical sciences into superior and inferior, explaining the meaning of this categorization three times. Judging from the contents of the text, the date of its composition can most likely be placed in the first half of the twelfth century.
Religione e ideologia nel giovane Agrippa: Appunti sulla vocazione intellettuale
Authors: Gurashi Dario
Published: June 2020

La riforma della cultura promossa da Cornelio Agrippa richiede una riorganizzazione della teologia tradizionale. Recuperando la prisca theologia, Agrippa mira ad emancipare l’esegesi delle Scritture dalla filosofia scolastica, responsabile di aver corrotto il significato autentico della Parola di Dio tramite un impiego indisciplinato della ragione a scapito della fede. Ripensare l’approccio alla Bibbia significa allora ridefinire il concetto di teologia: in quanto meditazione sulla parola divina, essa dovrà abbandonare le dispute dialettiche per tradursi in uno stile di vita contrassegnato dalla virtù e dall’integrità della fede in Cristo. Il programma di Agrippa, dunque, intende dimostrare l’incompetenza dei teologi scolastici e allo stesso tempo rivendica per il pensatore laico la libertà di interpretare le fonti della vera sapienza.
Pengaruh Motivasi dan Persepsi Terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAK) di Kota Semarang
Authors: Fajarsari Hesti
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi pengaruh motivasi (kualitas, karir, ekonomi dan sosial) dan persepsi (biaya pendidikan dan lama studi) terhadap minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk. Variabel yang digunakan adalah motivasi kualitas, motivasi karir, motivasi ekonomi, motivasi sosial, persepsi biaya pendidikan dan persepsi lama studi sebagai variabel independen, dan minat mahasiswa mengikui PPAk sebagai variabel dependen. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 73 orang. Alat analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motivasi kualitas, motivasi karir, motivasi ekonomi, motivasi sosial, persepsi biaya pendidikan dan persepsi lama studi secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat mahasiswa akuntansi mengikuti PPAk. nilai dari model regresi diperoleh sebesar 0,356, yang berarti bahwa 35,6% minat mahasiswa mengikuti PPAk dapat dijelaskan oleh ke-6 variabel tersebut. Namun, berdasarkan analisis parsial, hanya motivasi karir dan motivasi sosial yang berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap minat mahasiswa akuntansi studi PPAk di kota Semarang. Sedangkan variabel lainnya seperti motivasi kualitas, motivasi ekonomi, persepsi biaya pendidikan dan persepsi lama studi tidak mempengaruhi minat mahasiswa akuntansi mengikuti PPAk di kota Semarang
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan dan Budaya Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Umum dan Perlengkapan Labura
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi , Bahri Syaiful , Tupti Zulaspan
Published: June 2020

Kepuasan kerja adalah suatu perasaan yang menyokong atau tidak menyokong diri pegawai yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaannya maupun dengan kondisi pekerjaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan budaya kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pegawai di bagian umum dan perlengkapan seketariat daerah Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara. Peneliti menggunakan seluruh sampel menjadi populasi sebanyak 40 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dokumentasi dan daftar angket (kuisioner). Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik uji t, uji f dan koefisien determinasi. Pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan program Software SPSS 22.00 for Windows. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dari pengujian parsial pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kepuasan kerja dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Pengujian parsial pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja, dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Pengujian parsial budaya kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja, dapat disimpulkan bahwa budaya kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Dan pengujian secara simultan pengaruh kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan budaya kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja. Menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja dan budaya kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap terhadap kepuasan kerja.
Strategi Sharia’ Marketing Pick Up Service Koperasi Syariah TKI Artha Mulya Lamongan
Authors: Latifah Eny , Putri Devi Azlina
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian adalah ingin mengetahui strategi pemasaran yang Islami serta kelemahan dan kelebihan dari Pick Up Service (pelayanan jemput bola) dari costumer (nasabah) kepada koperasi Sariah TKI Artha Mulya dan sebaliknya. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif atas gambaran Strategi Sharia’Marketing dengan model Pick Up Service pada Islamic Microfinance yang bernama koperasi syariah TKI Artha Mulya yang langsung ditujukan kepada narasumber dengan bantuan alat penelitian yang terkemas dalam triangulasi agar mendapat data yang bisa diketahui kebenaranya. Hasil penelitian adalah 1) strategi pemasaran dengan Pick Up Service untuk Simpanan Barokah Keluarga (SIBERKAH) di Islamic Microfinance Institutions yang bernama Koperasi Syariah Artha Mulya Lamongan memiliki keunikan dibanding yang lain yaitu nasabah diperbolehkan menyimpan uang sisa pengeluaran untuk belanja sebesar lima ratus rupiah atau lebih kedalam sebuah kaleng yang sebelumnya telah disediakan oleh koperasi syariah tersebut, kemudian strategi Pick Up Service sewaktu- waktu akan ada petugas yang mengambilnya dirumah nasabah. 2) Kekurangan dan kendala yang dihadapi oleh Koperasi Syariah TKI Artha Mulya saat melakukan Pick Up Service dari perspektif marketing yaitu membutuhkan tenaga dan waktu yang lebih ekstra di banding dengan nasabah yang datang sendiri ke kantor, dan 3) Keuntungan dan kelebihan yang di dapat Koperasi Syariah TKI Artha Mulya dalam menjalankan Pick Up Service dalam perspektif nasabah adalah nasabah tidak perlu ke kantor, dan loyalitas serta rasa kekeluargaan antar nasabah dengan koperasi syariah semakin erat.
El “trancazo”, la pandemia de 1918 en México
Authors: Gómez-Dantés Octavio
Published: June 2020

Después de ocho años de una cruenta lucha armada que dejó devastado al país, en octubre de 1918 llegó a México la gripe española, una de las peores pandemias en la historia de la humanidad. En este artículo se narra su llegada a Veracruz en buques procedentes de La Habana y Nueva York, su diseminación del Golfo al resto del país, incluyendo la ciudad de México, y las respuestas que implementaron las autoridades sanitarias federales y estatales. Dos hechos son particularmente destacables de la pandemia de 1918 en México, además del número insólito de decesos: la puesta a prueba de las disposiciones incorporadas a la Constitución de 1917 en materia sanitaria y el extraordinario papel que jugó la sociedad civil.
Transferência de Tecnologia para Monitoramento Ambiental por Drone em Aterros Sanitários Regulados e Recursos Hídricos no Vale do Itajaí – SC
Authors: Silva Péricles Rocha , Ribeiro Eduardo , Serpe Bernadete , Matallana Gloria , Meira Eduardo , Mattedi Marcos , Gaia Cintia , Spiess Maiko , Ludwing Leandro , Castro Cloves , Guimarães Philippe , Martins Amarildo
Published: June 2020

O relato de experiência é sobre uma ação de inovação e transferência de tecnologia para o municipio de Pomerode (Secretaria Municipal de Educação) e algumas escolas de Blumenau. A ação foi  uma  atividade de  inovaçãp pedagógica a partir da apropriação da tecnologia desenvolvida por uma patente registrrada entre o Instituto Federal Catarinense e a Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau. A experiência a ser relatada pode ser exemplificada como um exemplo de ação que deve ser desenvolvida em uma política institucional de inovação, gestão de propriedade intelectual .
Do the human gut metagenomic species possess the minimal set of core functionalities necessary for life?
Authors: Soverini Matteo , Rampelli Simone , Turroni Silvia , Brigidi Patrizia , Biagi Elena , Candela Marco
Published: June 2020

Background: Advances in bioinformatics recently allowed for the recovery of ‘metagenomes assembled genomes’ from human microbiome studies carried on with shotgun sequencing techniques. Such approach is used as a mean to discover new unclassified metagenomic species, putative biological entities having distinct metabolic traits. Results: In the present analysis we compare 400 genomes from isolates available on NCBI database and 10,000 human gut metagenomic species, screening all of them for the presence of a minimal set of core functionalities necessary, but not sufficient, for life. As a result, the metagenome-assembled genomes resulted systematically depleted in genes encoding for essential functions apparently needed to support autonomous bacterial life.Conclusions: The relevant degree of lacking core functionalities that we observed in metagenome-assembled genomes raises some concerns about the effective completeness of metagenome-assembled genomes, suggesting caution in extrapolating biological information about their metabolic propensity and ecology in a complex environment like the human gastrointestinal tract.
Resveratrol inhibit interleukin-1β induced inflammatory response in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes through NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Shen Xiao-Fei , Cheng Yi , Dong Qi-Rong , Zheng Min-Qian
Published: June 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Capturing the complexity of healthcare for people with Down syndrome in quality indicators - a Delphi study involving healthcare professionals and patient organisations
Authors: Mareeuw Francine A. van den Driessen , Coppus Antonia M.W. , Delnoij Diana M.J. , de Vries Esther
Published: June 2020

Background: Insight into quality of healthcare for people with Down Syndrome (DS) is limited. Quality indicators (QIs) can provide this insight. This study aims to find consensus among participants regarding QIs for healthcare for people with DS.Methods: We conducted a four-round Delphi study, in which 33 healthcare professionals involved in healthcare for people with DS and two patient organisations’ representatives in the Netherlands participated. Median and 75-percentiles were used to determine consensus among the answers on 5-point Likert-scales. In each round, participants received an overview of participants’ answers from the previous round.Results: Participants agreed (consensus was achieved) that a QI-set should provide insight into available healthcare, enable healthcare improvements, and cover a large diversity of quality domains and healthcare disciplines. However, the number of QIs in the set should be limited in order to prevent registration burden. Participants were concerned that QIs would make quality information about individual healthcare professionals publicly available, which would induce judgement of healthcare professionals and harm quality, instead of improving it. Conclusions: We unravelled the complexity of capturing healthcare for people with DS in a QI-set. Patients’ rights to relevant information have to be carefully balanced against providers’ entitlement to a safe environment in which they can learn and improve. A QI-set should be tailored to different healthcare disciplines and information systems, and measurement instruments should be suitable for collecting information from people with DS. Results from this study and two preceding studies, will form the basis for the further development of a QI-set.
Pro-cathepsin D as a diagnostic marker in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Ko Yousang , Lee Chang Youl
Published: June 2020

Background: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) causes substantial symptomatic burden in advanced malignancy. Although pleural fluid cytology is a commonly accepted gold standard of diagnosis, its low diagnostic yield is a challenge for clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine whether pro-cathepsin D can serve as a novel biomarker to discriminate between MPE and benign pleural effusion (BPE).Methods: This study included 81 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusions who had underwent thoracentesis or pleural biopsy. Pleural fluid and serum were collected as a standard procedure for all individuals at the same time. The level of pro-cathepsin D was measured by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.Results: Though there were no significant differences in plasma pro-cathepsin D between the two groups, the level of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D was signiﬁcantly higher in the MPE group than the BPE group (0.651 versus 0.590 pg/mL, P = 0.034). The discriminative power of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D for diagnosing MPE was moderate, with 71% sensitivity and 73% specificity at a pro-cathepsin D cut-off ≥ 0.651 pg/mL (area under the curve: 0.698). Positive and negative predictive values for MPE were 39% and 92%, respectively, with pro-cathepsin D cut-off value (> 0.651 pg/mL). Conclusions: The level of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D was found to be significantly higher in MPE than in BPE. Although results of this study could not support the sole use of pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D to diagnose MPE, pleural fluid pro-cathepsin D can be added to pre-existing diagnostic methods for ruling-in or ruling-out MPE.
Genome re-sequencing and reannotation of the Escherichia coli ER2566 strain and transcriptome sequencing under overexpression conditions
Authors: Zhou Lizhi , Yu Hai , Wang Kaihang , Chen Tingting , Ma Yue , Huang Yang , Li Jiajia , Liu Liqin , Li Yuqian , Kong Zhibo , Zheng Qingbing , Wang Yingbin , Gu Ying , Xia Ningshao , Li Shaowei
Published: June 2020

Background: The Escherichia coli ER2566 strain (NC_CP014268.2) was developed as a BL21 (DE3) derivative strain and had been widely used in recombinant protein expression. However, like many other current RefSeq annotations, the annotation of the ER2566 strain was incomplete, with missing gene names and miscellaneous RNAs, as well as uncorrected annotations of some pseudogenes. Here, we performed a systematic reannotation of the ER2566 genome by combining multiple annotation tools with manual revision to provide a comprehensive understanding of the E. coli ER2566 strain, and used high-throughput sequencing to explore how the strain adapted under external pressure.Results: The reannotation included noteworthy corrections to all protein-coding genes, led to the exclusion of 190 hypothetical genes or pseudogenes, and resulted in the addition of 237 coding sequences and 230 miscellaneous noncoding RNAs and 2 tRNAs. In addition, we further manually examined all 194 pseudogenes in the Ref-seq annotation and directly identified 123 (63%) as coding genes. We then used whole-genome sequencing and high-throughput RNA sequencing to assess mutational adaptations under consecutive subculture or overexpression burden. Whereas no mutations were detected in response to consecutive subculture, overexpression of the human papillomavirus 16 type capsid led to the identification of a mutation (position 1,094,824 within the 3’ non-coding region) positioned 19-bp away from the lacI gene in the transcribed RNA, which was not detected at the genomic level by Sanger sequencing.Conclusion: The ER2566 strain was used by both the general scientific community and the biotechnology industry. Reannotation of the E. coli ER2566 strain not only improved the RefSeq data but uncovered a key site that might be involved in the transcription and translation of genes encoding the lactose operon repressor. We proposed that our pipeline might offer a universal method for the reannotation of other bacterial genomes with high speed and accuracy. This study might facilitate a better understanding of gene function for the ER2566 strain under external burden and provided more clues to engineer bacteria for biotechnological applications.
Comparisons of Social and Demographic Determinants of Tobacco Use in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Colwell Brian , Mosema Kizito , Bramble Matthew S. , Maddock Jay
Published: June 2020

Background: Worldwide, tobacco use has caused over 100 million deaths in the twentieth century and is projected to cause death in up to one billion people in the twenty-first century. It is a leading cause of early death and disability in over 100 countries and accounts for over 11% of global deaths, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of the study was to examine a variety of social determinants of tobacco use in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including region, sex, ethnicity, education, literacy, wealth index and place of residence, to gain insights with regard to tobacco use among sub-national groups. Methods: This project was a secondary data analysis of the 2013-2014 Demographics and Health Survey (DHS) for the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Logistic regressions predicting smoking, use of snuff and smoking cigars or natural tobacco as dichotomous variables were conducted. Independent variables included age, educational level, religion, rurality, literacy, wealth index, occupation and ethnicity. Results: Tobacco use is highest among those with less education and low literacy. It was also highest among the working poor. Older age and living in larger cities were predictive of smoking, although the relationship between age and smoking was not linear. There was a strong linear effect for wealth. Being in a professional, technical or managerial position was highly protective against smoking while being engaged in services, skilled and unskilled manual labor, and the army had significantly greater odds of smoking. Conclusions: Data indicate that tobacco use in the DRC, as is common in the developing world, is heavily concentrated in the working poor with lower educational status. Higher educational status is consistently predictive of avoiding tobacco use. Additionally, examining only national-level data to ascertain tobacco use levels and patterns may lead to mistaken conclusions that can lead to inefficient and ineffective allocation of resources aimed at controlling tobacco use.
Intracellular expression of arginine deiminase activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through inhibiting cytosolic ferritin and inducing chromotin autophagy
Authors: Feng Qingyuan , Bian Xuzhao , Liu Xuan , Wang Ying , Zhou Huiting , Ma Xiaojing , Quan Chunju , Yao Yi , Zheng Zhongliang
Published: June 2020

Background：Based on its low toxicity, arginine starvation therapy has the potential to treat those malignant tumors that can’t be treated by surgery. Arginine deiminase (ADI) gene is indicated to be an ideal cancer-suppressor gene. ADI expressed in cytosol displays higher oncolytic efficiency than ADI-PEG20 (Pegylated Arginine Deiminase by PEG 20,000). However, it is still unknown whether cytosolic ADI has the same function mechanism as ADI-PEG20 or other underlying mechanisms in cells.Methods: The interaction of ADI and other protein factors was screened by yeast hybrid, and verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. The effect of ADI inhibiting ferritin light-chain domain (FTL) on mitochondrial damage was evaluated by site-directed mutation and flow cytometry. The apoptosis pathway of mitochondria control was analyzed by Western Blot and real-time PCR experiments. The effect of p53 expression on cancer cell death was assessed by siTP53 transfection. The chromatin autophagy was explored by immunofluorescent staining and Western Blot.Results: ADI expressed in cytosol inhibited the activity of cytosolic ferritin through interacting with FTL. The inactive mutant of ADI still induced the apoptosis in certain cell lines of ASS- through mitochondrial damage. Arginine starvation also induced the increased expression of p53 and p53AIP1, which aggravate cellular mitochondrial damage. Chromatin autophagy appeared at the later stage of arginine starvation. DNA damage came along with the whole process of arginine starvation. Histone 3 (H3) was found in autophagosomes, which implied that cancer cells try to utilize the arginine in histones to survive during arginine starvation. Conclusions: Mitochondrial damage is the major mechanism of cell death induced by cytosolic ADI. Chromatophagy accumulations not only drive cancer cell to utilize histone arginine but also speed up cancer cell death at the later time point of arginine starvation.
HiCoP, a simple and robust method for detecting interactions of regulatory regions
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Zhaoqiang , Bian Shasha , Zhao Hao , Feng Delong , Chen Yanhong , Hou Yuhe , Liu Qifa , Hao Bingtao
Published: June 2020

Background: Chromatin physical interactions provide essential information for understanding the regulation of cis-elements like enhancers, promoters, and insulators in cell development and differentiation. The Hi-C assay is a technique detecting chromatin structures of the whole genome but not sensitive to interactions of regulatory elements. Several methods, like HiChIP, DNase-C, and OCEAN-C, have been developed for enriching interactions of regulatory regions, but all of them have some shortcomings. New simple, efficient, and robust methods are still in need of detecting interactions of regulatory regions. Results: We developed a new, simple, and robust assay called CoP (Column Purified chromatin) for profiling of open chromatin regions by directly purifying fragmentized crosslinked chromatin with a DNA purification column. The accessible chromatin regions, including active enhancers, promoters, and insulators, were significantly enriched in CoP chromatin. The CoP-seq assay can efficiently detect open chromatin regions, especially active promoters, with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We integrated the CoP-seq and Hi-C technique (HiCoP) to detect interactions of accessible chromatin regions, which represent active cis-regulatory elements in cells. We observed that the HiCoP captured the peaks in the promoters-associated enhancer regions. HiCoP detected more promoter-enhancer (P-E), promoter-promoter (P-P), and enhancer-enhancer (E-E) interactions within 20kb-5Mb than Hi-C. Most of the loops identified by HiCoP are associated with the expressed genes. Conclusion: CoP assay can efficiently enrich open chromatin regions. When CoP assay was integrated with Hi-C assay, it provides a simple, robust, alternative technique for profiling accessible chromatin regions and chromatin conformation simultaneously.
Cognitive, language and behavioral outcomes in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders exposed to early comprehensive treatment models: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Shi Bijun , Wu Weijia , Dai Meixia , Zeng Jingjing , Luo Jingyin , Cai Li , Wan Bin , Jing Jin
Published: June 2020

Background Early comprehensive treatment models (CTMs) have been developed as effective treatments for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Numerous studies have suggested that CTMs can improve short-term outcomes, but little is known about outcomes in mid-childhood and adolescence. The current meta-analysis reviewed studies reporting broader outcomes in children and adolescents with ASD who had ever participated in a CTM and examined the predictors of developmental gains.Methods We searched eight databases up to June 13, 2019, for relevant trials and natural experiments. Longitudinal studies were selected if they investigated the outcomes of CTMs. Two meta-analyses were undertaken to provide a summary estimate of change in treatment outcomes and to evaluate the effect of CTMs; one used the standardized mean change between the pretest and posttest, and the other was a classical meta-analysis. Stratified and random-effects meta-regression analyses were performed to search for outcome differences among studies. Results Eighteen intervention studies (involving 495 children with ASD) met all the inclusion criteria: 12 used early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI), and two used the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM). Outcomes were categorized into three parts: cognitive, language and behavioral (e.g., adaptive functioning and symptomatology). Overall, most children with ASD who had ever participated in an early CTM made gains in many areas of functioning, especially in terms of symptom- and language-related outcomes. Stratified analyses indicated that the ESDM displayed the largest effect on IQ improvement (ES=1.37, 95% CI: 0.95-1.80), while EIBI was more effective for symptom reduction (ES=-1.27, 95% CI: -1.96 to -0.58). Further meta-regression suggested that interventions with parent involvement and longer treatment hours yielded greater improvements in IQ and social adaptive functioning, respectively.Conclusion The results demonstrate a positive association between CTMs and better prognosis in mid-childhood and adolescence, especially regarding symptoms and language. However, most extant research involves small, nonrandomized studies, preventing definitive conclusions from being drawn. Clearly, the outcomes of children with ASD are still far from normal, especially with respect to adaptive functioning, and the three mediating variables pertaining to treatment elements can affect their gains, including approach, implementer and total treatment hours.
A focused netnographic study exploring experiences associated with counterfeit and contaminated anabolic androgenic steroids
Authors: Frude Evelyn , McKay Fiona , Dunn Matthew
Published: June 2020

Background: A primary consequence of illicit drug markets and the absence of regulation is the variable quality or purity of the final product. Analysis of anabolic-androgenic steroid seizures shows that these products can contain adulterated products, product not included on the label, or product of unsatisfactory standard. While the potential negative effects of counterfeit AAS use is a recognised risk associated with use, no study has explored personal experiences associated with use. The aim of the present study was to use online discussion forums to investigate and explore the experiences associated with the purchase and consumption of counterfeit AAS among consumers. Methods: An online search was conducted to identify online forums that discussed counterfeit or contaminated AAS; three were deemed suitable for the study. The primary source of data for this study were the ‘threads’ from these online forums, identified using search terms including ‘counterfeit’, ‘tampered’, and ‘fake’. Threads were thematically analysed for overall content, leading to the identification of themes. Results: Data from 134 threads (2743 posts from 875 unique avatars) was included. Two main themes were identified from the analysis: 1) Experiences with counterfeit product; and 2) Harms and benefits associated with counterfeit product.Conclusions: The use of counterfeit or contaminated substances represents a public health concern. Those who report using PIEDs such as AAS for non-medical purposes report consuming these substances, and experiencing harm as a result. Consumers take steps to limit coming into contact with counterfeit or contaminated product, though recognise that many of these have limitations. The implementation of accessible drug safety checking services may provide an opportunity to provide consumers with information to assist them with making healthier choices.
Experimental Pain and Fatigue Induced by Excessive Chewing
Authors: Sayegh Samaa Al , Vasilatou Ioanna , Kumar Abhishek , Barwari Ceva Al , Fredriksson Lars , Grigoriadis Anastasios , Christidis Nikolaos
Published: June 2020

Background: The study was aiming to optimize excessive gum chewing as an experimental model to induce jaw muscle pain and fatigue similar to those in painful TMDs with durations that would allow immediate investigations of jaw-motor function. Further, if any sex differences would be detected in the expression of pain.
Methods: This randomized, double blinded study included 31 healthy participants of both sexes. A standardized chewing protocol of either 40- or 60-minutes of chewing was used with a wash-out period of one week. Subjective fatigue, pain characteristics and functional measures were assessed. For statistical analyses, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test and Friedman’s ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test were used.
Results: High subjective fatigue scores that lasted up to 20 minutes after the end of the trial were significantly induced both in the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials (P<0.001*). Significant but mild pain was induced only in the 60-minute trial (P=0.004*) and only in men (P=0.04*). Also, the induced pain area was significantly bigger in the 60-minute trial (P=0.009*). However, this increase in pain and pain area did not last to the first 10-minute follow-up. There were no significant differences neither between the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials, except regarding the pain area (P=0.008*), nor between the sexes.
Conclusion: Taken together, excessive chewing in its current form does not seem to be a proper pain experimental model. The model needs further adjustments in order to mimic TMD-pain especially in women and to prolong the pain duration.