bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissolved oxygen determination in sewers using flow hydraulic parameters as part of a physical-biological simulation model
Authors: Heydarzadeh Reza , Tabesh Massoud , Scholz Miklas
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to develop a model for calculating the hydraulic and water quality parameters of wastewater within sewers. Information from the wastewater collection network and the transmission line in Birjand were used to verify the model performance. The parameters used for modelling quality changes include the yield constant for biomass (YH), the maximum specific growth rate (μH), the saturation constant for dissolved oxygen (KOG) and the saturation constant for readily biodegradable substrate within a biofilm (KSF), as well as the Gauckler–Manning–Strickler coefficient (n). They were selected from references and were verified at the calibration stage comparing measurements with the modelling values. Inputs of the created model are the average concentrations of dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand of the incoming wastewater, the flow rate of wastewater at the exit point of the network, physical characteristics of the pipes and the height of drops within the sewer network. The amount of dissolved oxygen at different positions of the sewer network was calculated. The acceptable calculated sum of squares of errors and the correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibrated model for dissolved oxygen were 1.6872 and 0.77, respectively.
Potential health concerns due to elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater of villages of Vadodara and Chhota Udaipur districts of Gujarat, India
Authors: Patel Smruti V. , Khatri Nitasha , Chavda Paresh , Jha Ashutosh K.
Published: November 2021

In an attempt to assess the groundwater quality of Vadodara and Chhota Udaipur districts and check its suitability for drinking purposes, a total of 162 samples (50 samples during pre-monsoon season and 54 samples during post-monsoon season from Vadodara district and 29 samples during both pre- and post-monsoon seasons from Chhota Udaipur district) were collected from 63 villages of both the districts for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons during 2016–17. The analysis was carried out for physicochemical characteristics and the analytical results have been interpreted by graphical representation, correlation and regression analysis and water quality index so that the quality of groundwater can be easily understood. The analytical results were then compared with the Indian Standards Drinking Water-Specification (Second Revision). From this study, it is concluded that the overall groundwater quality of the region is comparatively good; however, elevated nitrate levels resulted in many of the samples having raised concern and the necessity to make all possible efforts to improve the quality of groundwater wherever deteriorated.
Climate risk-informed decision analysis (CRIDA): ‘top-down’ vs ‘bottom-up’ decision making for planning water resources infrastructure
Authors: Manous Joe , Stakhiv Eugene Z.
Published: November 2021

Climate risk-informed decision analysis (CRIDA) is a guidebook that lays out an evaluation framework and decision procedures to deal with climate uncertainties that are consistent with traditional agency water resources planning frameworks. CRIDA guidelines complement existing institutional guidance on recognizing circumstances when more complex risk-based climate analysis may be needed, above those required by standard planning procedures. The procedures are based on the concept of ‘decision-scaling’ judgments to qualitatively assess levels of future risk and analytical uncertainty stemming from climate change-related uncertainties, and as a guide for choosing specific analytical approaches and appropriate levels of analysis. CRIDA addresses how much detail is appropriate for a given problem setting, depending on infrastructure type and function, whether it is new design or rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, modular design or long-life infrastructure. CRIDA was structured to resolve the contentious issue of deciding under what circumstances a ‘top-down’ climate scenario-driven analysis ought to be conducted versus a more traditional ‘bottom-up’ vulnerability assessment, based on conventional agency project feasibility procedures. The procedures for such vulnerability assessments and planning procedures are well-represented in classical approaches, such as those included in the 1983 U.S. Water Resources Council's ‘Principles and Guidelines’. These commonly used procedures promote normative evaluation protocols and decision rules that generate alternative solutions which minimize risk-cost outcomes.
Isolation and algicidal properties study of the strain G1 from reservoir sediments
Authors: Yuan Keting , Wan Qiong , Ren Dajun , Chai Beibei , Kang Aiqing , Lei Xiaohui , Chen Bin
Published: November 2021

Microcystis aeruginosa is a globally important cyanobacterial species that poses a threat to human health and development. The use of bacteria to control algal blooms has become an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, the algicidal strain G1 was isolated from sediments of a reservoir in Xi'an, China, identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and its algicidal effects were investigated. The rDNA sequence of G1 (GenBank accession number MW205793) is 99.86% similar to that of Chitinimonas sp., and the strain indirectly solubilised algae. Algae removal by G1 was optimal during the decay phase (algae solubilisation rate = 65.85%). Temperature (5–120 °C) did not significantly affect algae removal, pH 5–9 was tolerated, and pH 7 achieved the highest algae lysis rate (63.56%). Ultrasonic treatment of G1 destroyed the algae-solubilising effect. An injection ratio of 15% achieved the highest algae lysis rate (67.64%) under 12 h:12 h light:dark conditions, and full darkness achieved the highest algae lysis rate (68.21%). Thus, G1 can effectively inhibit the reproduction of M. aeruginosa, making it a promising biological agent for controlling algal growth.
TÉCNICAS DE PROCESSAMENTO DE IMAGENS PARA TREINAMENTO DE FOTOINTERPRETES NA AVALIAÇÃO VISUAL DE ÁREAS ÚMIDAS E DE MANCHAS E CICATRIZES DE QUEIMADAS OU INCÊNDIOS
Authors: Silva Isadora Taborda , Pessi Dhonatan Diego , Silva Normandes Matos da , Mioto Camila Leonardo , Guaraldo Eliane , Filho Antonio Conceição Paranhos
Published: November 2021

Áreas úmidas são um dos ecossistemas mais valiosos da Terra, que estão submetidas a forte pressão antrópica (queimadas) e processos naturais como os incêndios. O Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense é um exemplo. O monitoramento em larga escala de áreas úmidas é de grande importância, mas também desafiador. Utilizou-se acervo de imagens do satélite Sentinel-2 para caracterização e monitoramento do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense. O objetivo foi avaliar técnicas de realce e de composição de bandas espectrais para a identificação de padrões na superfície de áreas úmidas e de queimadas e incêndios na borda do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense. A pesquisa selecionou duas áreas amostrais submetidas ao processo de realce espacial utilizando a técnica de reamostragem por pixels. Recomenda-se  a composição SWIR 2M(12)NIR(8)BLUE(2) como a mais adequada para interpretação visual de áreas úmidas e de cicatrizes e manchas de queimadas ou incêndios. A interpretação visual é um recurso ágil para uma primeira aproximação no processo de avaliação e tomada de decisão em termos de ações de monitoramento espacial e temporal em áreas úmidas.
Przerwanie biegu przedawnienia skargi kryminalnej w kanonicznym procesie karnym
Authors: Borek Dariusz
Published: November 2021

Przedawnienia należy do tych zagadnień, którym kanonistyka, do pewnego czasu, poświęcała stosunkowo niewiele miejsce. Taki stan rzeczy dotyczy również przerwania biegu przedawnienia. Należy zauważyć, że przerwanie (i tym bardziej zawieszenie) biegu przedawnienia to zagadnienia raczej mało wyeksponowane, zarówno na płaszczyźnie kanonicznego prawa karnego materialnego jak i formalnego. W kontekście stosunkowo krótkich terminów przewidzianych aktualnie dla przedawnienia actio criminalis, istotnego znaczenia nabiera kwestia dotycząca ewentualnego przerwania i/lub zawieszenia biegu przedawnienia Należy zauważyć, że w dotychczasowej kanonistyce możemy znaleźć różne opinie dotyczące tego, kiedy właściwie następuje przerwanie biegu przedawnienia. Taki brak spójności w opiniach doktryny kanonistycznej zmusza do podjęcia próby udzielenia odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: czy w kanonicznym prawie karnym materialnym i formalnym przewidziane jest przerwanie i/lub zawieszenie biegu przedawnienia, a jeśli tak, to w jakim dokładnie momencie ono następuje i jakie z tego wynikają skutki. Próbując udzielić odpowiedzi na wyżej postawione pytanie, niezbędne wydaje się skoncentrowanie uwagi na następujących głównych zagadnieniach: przerwanie i zawieszenie - uwagi ogólne; różne stanowiska dotyczące momentu, w którym następuje przerwanie biegu przedawnienia; dekret/wyrok skazujący jako moment przerwania biegu przedawnienia
Prothymosin α and its C-Terminal Immunoreactive Decapeptide
Show No Evidence of Acute Toxicity: A Preliminary In Silico, In Vitro
and In Vivo Investigation
Authors: Birmpilis Anastasios I. , Vitsos Panagiotis , Kostopoulos Ioannis V. , Williams Lillian , Ioannou Kyriaki , Samara Pinelopi , Karachaliou Chrysoula-Evangelia , Voutsas Ioannis F. , Alyfanti Elena , Angelis Nikolaos , Gavalas Nikolaos G. , Gkraikou Themis , Kappa Niki , Klagkou Eleftheria , Klimentzou Persefoni , Nikou Spiridoula , Papaioannou Nikos E. , Skopeliti Margarita , Toukli David , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Bamias Aristotelis , Livaniou Evangelia , Kalbacher Hubert , Tsitsilonis Ourania E. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

Background:

Members of the α-thymosin family have long been studied for
their immunostimulating properties. Among them, the danger-associated molecular patterns
(DAMPs) prothymosin α (proTα) and its C-terminal decapeptide proTα(100–109)
have been shown to act as immunomodulators in vitro, due to their ability to promote T
helper type 1 (Th1) responses. Recently, we verified these findings in vivo, showing that
both proTα and proTα(100-109) enhance antitumor-reactive T cell-mediated responses.

Methods:

In view of the eventual use of proTα and proTα(100-109) in humans, we investigated
their safety profile in silico, in human leukocytes and cancer cell lines in vitro,
and in immunocompetent mice in vivo, in comparison to the proTα derivative thymosin
alpha 1 (Τα1), a 28-mer peptide extensively studied for its safety in clinical trials.

Results:

In silico prediction via computational tools showed that all three peptide
sequences likely are non-toxic or do not induce allergic regions. In vitro, pro-
Tα, proTα(100-109) and Tα1 did not affect the viability of human cancer cell lines and
healthy donor-derived leukocytes, did not promote apoptosis or alter cell cycle distribution.
Furthermore, mice injected with proTα, proTα(100-109) and Tα1 at doses equivalent
to the suggested dose regimen of Tα1 in humans, did not show signs of acute toxicity,
whereas proTα and proTα(100-109) increased the levels of proinflammatory and Th1-
type cytokines in their peripheral blood.

Conclusion:

Our preliminary findings suggest that proTα and proTα(100-109), even at
high concentrations, are non-toxic in vitro and in an acute toxicity model in vivo; moreover,
we show that the two peptides retain their immunomodulatory properties in vivo
and, eventually, could be considered for therapeutic use in humans.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Isoxazoles
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan , Dung Vo Cong
Published: November 2021

Isoxazole derivatives are aromatic five-membered ring heterocyclic compounds
with one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom at adjacent positions. These compounds
have a broad spectrum of applications in medicinal chemistry, such as antimicrobial, anticancer,
antitumor, antitubercular, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant
activities and some of them are well-known drugs for the treatment of various diseases in
the market. The use of this class of compounds in agriculture as herbicides, insecticides have
been widely reported. In organic materials, these compounds have been applied as semiconductors,
single-walled nanotubes, liquid crystals, chiral ligands, scaffolds for peptidomimetics,
dyes, and high-temperature lubricants. Isoxazole derivatives also play an important role in
organic synthesis because they can be converted into several important synthetic units such as
β-hydroxy ketones, γ -amino alcohols, α,β-unsaturated oximes, β -hydroxy nitriles, α-hydroxy-β-diketones, and β -
dicarbonyl compounds. Due to such a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of isoxazole derivatives has attracted
intensive research from chemists. This review will focus on considerable studies on the synthesis of isoxazoles which
date back from 2012.
The Pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Rashid Nurshamimi Nor
Published: November 2021

:

Currently, the world is facing the emergence of a virus that causes pneumonia
in humans, which has a higher probability of causing complications, including respiratory
distress syndrome and death. The new coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), which is currently
known as SARS-CoV-2, is the cause of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This
virus was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, and appears to have been a
zoonotic infection that has now adapted to humans. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was
announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO), causing widespread
panic worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is genetically similar to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome-related (SARS) and shares many similarities with the disease features of
influenza virus infection. Scientists around the world are racing towards the development
of vaccines and antivirals for COVID-19. This review will provide an update of COVID-19,
a brief review of the symptoms and route of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the
reason why it is highly infectious, as well as the currently available treatments and
comorbidities.
Spline Longitudinal Multi-response Model for the Detection of Lifestyle-
Based Changes in Blood Glucose of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Islamiyati Anna
Published: November 2021

Background:

Blood sugar and lifestyle problems have long been problems in diabetes.
There has also been a lot of research on that. However, we see that diabetic patients are still increasing
even though many patients are not aware of the start of the disease occurrence. Therefore, we
consider it very important to examine these two main problems of diabetes by using a more flexible
statistical approach to obtain more specific results regarding the patient's condition.

Objective:

The form of data for type 2 diabetes patients is repeated measurements so that it is approached
through longitudinal studies. We investigated various intervals of pattern change that can
occur in blood glucose, namely fasting, random, and 2 hours after meals based on blood pressure
and carbohydrate diets in diabetic patients in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.

Methods:

This research is a longitudinal study proposing a flexible and accurate statistical approach.
It is a weighted spline multi-response nonparametric regression model. This model is able
to detect any pattern of changes in irregular data in large dimensions. The data were obtained from
Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The number of
samples analyzed was 418 from 50 patients with different measurements.

Results:

The optimal spline model was obtained at 2 knots for blood pressure and 3 knots for carbohydrate
diets. There are three blood pressure intervals that give different patterns of increase in patient
blood glucose levels, namely below 126.6 mmHg, 126.6-163.3 mmHg, and above 163.3
mmHg. It was found that blood sugar rose sharply at blood pressure above 163.3 mmHg. Furthermore,
there are four carbohydrate diet intervals that are formed, which are below 118.6 g,
118.6-161.8 g, 161.8-205 g, and above 205 g. The result is that blood sugar decreased significantly
at intervals of carbohydrate diet 161.8-205 g.

Conclusion:

Blood glucose increases with a very high increase in blood pressure, whereas for a carbohydrate
diet, there is no guarantee that a high diet will be able to reduce blood glucose significantly.
This may be affected by the patient's saturation of a very high carbohydrate diet.
Keywords: Blood glucose, blood pressure, carbohydrate diet, multi-response, nonparametric regression, spline
Model of Streptozotocin-nicotinamide Induced Type 2 Diabetes: a Comparative
Review
Authors: Ved Akash , Rais Nadeem , Ahmad Rizwan , Parveen Kehkashan , Gautam Girendra Kumar , Bari Darakhshan Gazala , Shukla Karuna S. , Gaur Ravi , Singh Akhand Pratap
Published: November 2021

:

The aim of the present study was to review the streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)
diabetes model. Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent (90-95%) in adults than type 1. Experimentally-
induced diabetes models may be established by chemicals, viral agents, insulin antibodies,
surgery, etc. The most advisable and prompt method to induce diabetes is using chemicals, and
STZ and alloxan are widely used chemicals. STZ has proven to be a better diabetogenic agent than
alloxan because alloxan has many drawbacks, as it induces only type 1 diabetes, has a high mortality
rate in rats, and causes ketosis in animals. Moreover, it has lesser selectivity towards β-cells, and
the diabetes-induced is reversible. STZ can be used to induce both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is
noted that the genotoxic behavior of STZ in animals is accomplished through a reduction of nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in pancreatic β-cells via the GLUT2 (Glucose transporter 2),
which can cause cellular damage by DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) strand breaks that lead to cell
death. NA is a biochemical precursor of NAD+, and it is a poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase-1 (PARP-
1) inhibitor. NAD+ is an important redox reaction co-enzyme for the production of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) and many other metabolic pathways. Extreme DNA damage contributes to the
over-activation of PARP-1, loss of cellular resources, and necrotic cells death. Some studies have
expressed that NA can protect pancreatic β-cells against the severe cytotoxicity of STZ. The review
concluded that the STZ-NA model is dependent on the competency of NA to attain partial protection
against the β-cytotoxic essence of STZ to induce type-2 diabetes.
Role of Lipid Nanoparticles in COVID-19 in Repurposing Drugs and Vaccines
Authors: Basnet Rajesh , Basnet Til Bahadur , Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Khadka Sandhya , Sapkota Sanjeep
Published: November 2021

Background:

The spread of new coronavirus 2019, the causative agent of viral pneumonia documented in Wuhan, brought a recent public health crisis globally. The best solution to overcome this pandemic is developing suitable and effective vaccines and therapeutics. However, discovering and creating a new drug is a lengthy process requiring rigorous testing and validation.

Objective:

Despite many newly discovered and old repurposed COVID-19 drugs under clinical trial, more emphasis should be given to research on COVID-19 NPs-based medicines, which could improve the efficacy of antiviral drugs to reduce their side effects. The use of NPs as carriers can reduce the frequency and duration of drug ingestion, enhance approved antiviral therapeutics' effectiveness, and overcome their limitations, such as low bioavailability. Besides, they can play a crucial role in fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, nanotechnology provides opportunities to develop new strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating COVID-19.

Conclusion:

This review highlighted the importance of NMs-based technical solutions in antiviral drugs for testing against the SARS-CoV-2 virus emergencies in the form of nanotherapeutics.
Inhibition of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection by Pt/TiO2-SiO2
Bionanocatalysts
Authors: López-Goerne Tessy , de la Rosa-Gutiérrez Gabriela , Padilla-Godínez Francisco J. , Bustos-Martínez Jaime , López Susana , Xoconostle-Cázares Beatriz , de la Rosa José Manuel
Published: November 2021

Background:

The rapid mutation of the H1N1 strain of the Influenza virus makes it quite
difficult to treat once the infection has spread. The development of new treatments based on the destabilization
of the genetic material, regardless of the sequence, is necessary.

Objective:

The study aims to evaluate the antiviral properties of Pt/TiO2-SiO2 bionanocatalysts
against Influenza A (H1N1) virus in a post-infection model and to characterize the morphology of
the nanoparticles.

Methods:

The bionanocatalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Electron Microscopy studies
were performed to evaluate the grain size and morphology of pure nanoparticles. Madin-Darby Canine
Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells were infected with Influenza A (H1N1) virus. They were treated
with 500 μL of three viral suspensions (1:50, 1:100, and 1:1000) and 500 μL of a nanoparticle
suspension (2 ng/mL). The presence of the virus was identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
endpoint and the antiviral properties of the nanoparticles were identified in terms of infection reduction
calculated by real-time PCR using Influenza A and H1N1 subtype primers. The percentage of
infection reduction was calculated by comparing control samples and samples treated with the bionanocatalysts.

Results:

The Pt/TiO2-SiO2 bionanocatalysts showed highly surface-dispersed platinum nanoparticles
with an average particle size of 1.23 ± 0.36 nm in the amorphous oxide matrix. The nanoparticles
showed antiviral properties with a maximum reduction in viral proliferation of 65.2 ± 3.3%.

Conclusion:

Pt/TiO2-SiO2 bionanocatalysts were able to reduce Influenza A (H1N1) viral infection
65.2 ± 3.3%; the results suggest the biocompatibility with healthy tissues and in vitro antiviral properties.
Further studies should be conducted to identify the concentration required to achieve total
virus clearance. However, the outcome of the present work suggests the possibility of implementing
bionanocatalysts as treatments for Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, especially at an advanced
stage of infection.
Network Pharmacology-Based and Molecular Docking Analysis of Resveratrol’s
Pharmacological Effects on Type I Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Zheng Yanmei , Zhong Zixing , Guo Xin
Published: November 2021

Background:

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol commonly seen in foods. It has demonstrated an inhibitive
effect on endometrial cancer, but the molecular action is still not known.

Objective:

We aimed to use network pharmacology to systematically study the possible mechanisms of resveratrol’s
pharmacological effects on type I endometrial cancer.

Methods:

Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) were used
to predict resveratrol’s possible target genes. They were then converted to UniProt gene symbols. Simultaneously, type
I endometrial cancer-related target genes were collected from GeneCards. All data were pooled to identify common
target genes. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and further analyzed via STRING Online
Database. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway
were also performed afterward. To visualise resveratrol's overall pharmacological effects on type I endometrial
cancer, a network of drug components-target gene-disease (CTD) was constructed. Then, we performed in silico molecular
docking study to validate the possible binding conformation between resveratrol and candidate targets.

Results:

There are 150 target genes of resveratrol retrieved after UniProt conversion; 122 of them shared interaction
with type I endometrial cancer. Some important oncogenes and signaling pathways are involved in the process of resveratrol’s
pharmacological effects on endometrioid cancer. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that hydrogen bonding
and hydrophobic interaction are the main interaction between resveratrol and its targets.

Conclusion:

We have explored the possible underlying mechanism of resveratrol in antagonising type I endometrial
cancer through a network pharmacology-based approach and in-silico verification. However, further experiments are
necessary to add to the evidence identifying resveratrol as a promising anti-type I endometrial cancer agent.
Rational Design of Anti-Angiogenic Peptides to Inhibit VEGF/VEGFR2 Interactions
for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Farajnia Safar , Barzegar Abolfazl , Ghasemali Samaneh , Rahmati Mohammad , Negahdari Babak , Rahbarnia Leila , Yousefi-Nodeh Hamidreza
Published: November 2021

Background:

Angiogenesis is a critical physiological process that plays a key role in tumor progression,
metastatic dissemination, and invasion. In the last two decades, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling
pathway has been the area of extensive researches. VEGF executes its special effects by binding to vascular endothelial
growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), particularly VEGFR-2.

Objective:

The inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction is known as an effective cancer therapy strategy. The current study pointed to design and model an anti-VEGF peptide based on VEGFR2 binding regions.

Method:

The large-scale peptide mutation screening was used to achieve a potent peptide with high binding affinity to
VEGF for possible application in inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction. The AntiCP and Peptide Ranker servers
were used to generate the possible peptides library with anticancer activities and prediction of peptides bioactivity.
Then, the interaction of VEGF and all library peptides were analyzed using Hex 8.0.0 and ClusPro tools. A number of
six peptides with favorable docking scores were achieved. All of the best docking scores of peptides in complexes with
VEGF were evaluated to confirm their stability, using molecular dynamics simulation (MD) with the help of the
GROMACS software package.

Results:

As a result, two antiangiogenic peptides with 13 residues of PepA (NGIDFNRDFFLGL) and PepC
(NGIDFNRDKFLFL) were achieved and introduced to inhibit VEGF/VEGFR2 interactions

Conclusions:

In summary, this study provided new insights into peptide-based therapeutics development for targeting
VEGF signaling pathway in tumor cells. PepA and PepC are recommended as potentially promising anticancer agents
for further experimental evaluations.
Dipsacoside B Exerts a Beneficial Effect on Brain Injury in the Ischemic
Stroke Rat through Inhibition of Mitochondrial E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 1
Authors: Ren Kai-Di , Peng Zi-Mei , Tian Jing , Peng Ya-Wei , Zhang Yi-Yue , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Hu Zhong-Yang , Luo Xiu-Ju , Peng Jun
Published: November 2021

Background:

Upregulation of mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Mul1) contributes to
brain injury in ischemic stroke due to disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics, and bioinformatics
analysis predicts that Mul1 is a potential target of Dipsacoside B.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to explore whether Dipsacoside B can exert a beneficial effect
on brain injury in the ischemic stroke rat via targeting Mul1.

Methods:

The SD rat brains or PC12 cells were subjected to 2 h-ischemia or 8 h-hypoxia plus 24
h-reperfusion or 24 h-reoxygenation to establish the ischemic stroke rat model in vivo or in vitro,
which were treated with Dipsacoside B at different dosages. The brain or PC12 cell injury, relevant
protein levels and mitochondrial functions were measured by methods of biochemistry, flow cytometry
or Western blot.

Results:

The neurological dysfunction and brain injury (such as infarction and apoptosis) observed
in the ischemic stroke rats were accompanied by increases in Mul1 and dynamin-related protein 1
(Drp1) levels along with decreases in mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) level and ATP production. These effects
were attenuated by Dipsacoside B. Consistently, cell injury (necroptosis and apoptosis) occurred in
the PC12 cells exposed to hypoxia concomitant with the upregulation of Mul1 and Drp1 along with
downregulation of Mfn2 and mitochondrial functions (such as increases in reactive oxygen species
production and mitochondrial fission and decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP
production).These phenomena were reversed in the presence of Dipsacoside B.

Conclusion:

Dipsacoside B can protect the rat brain against ischemic injury via inhibition of Mul1 due to the improvement of mitochondrial function.
Recent Patents on the Structure of Medical Endoscope
Authors: Bao Yu-Dong , Li Kai , Qi Dong-Bo , Wen Wei , Liu He-Jun
Published: November 2021

Background:

The medical endoscope is a major functional component of medical
equipment that has become the focus of study around the world.

Objective:

By comparing and discussing the patents of the medical endoscope, some valuable conclusions
have been drawn to predict the future research and development of the medical endoscope.

Methods:

By analyzing the patent features of the medical endoscope in the mechanical structure,
image display, and endoscope system, the function of the medical endoscope on the detection of
human internal tissues has been explained. In combination with the key technology of the medical
endoscope, related patents have been studied.

Results:

With the rapid development of technology in the medical industry and the need for practical
applications, there is an increase in the requirements for medical endoscopes. Medical endoscopes
have undergone a lot of innovations in mechanical structure, imaging, and endoscopic systems.
By comparing the characteristics of various patents of medical endoscopes, the main problems
of current medical endoscopes, such as complicated structure and poor lighting imaging effect,
are analyzed and summarized. The further development trend of medical endoscopes has also
been discussed.

Conclusion:

By improving and optimizing the mechanical structure of the medical endoscope, the
lighting method, and the three directions of the system, the performance of the medical endoscope
can be improved, and the loopholes in the current technology can be solved. Moreover, it will be
more practical.
A Review of Recent Patents on Structures Related to Tracheal Stents
Authors: Bao Yudong , Qu Shengqian , Zhao Yanling , Li Kai
Published: November 2021

Background:

The trachea is an important part of the respiratory system. Long-term airway
diseases and the effects of human physiological conditions can cause trachea stenosis. This will
seriously affect patients’ physical health. Tracheal stents can provide durable support by means of
dilating the narrowed area; they can effectively relieve the patient's breathing difficulties, which is
of value that is more practical.

Objective:

To meet the vital requirements for better adaptation to the human airway environment
and prevent complications associated with stent placement, the construction and materials of tracheal
stents have been improved constantly.

Methods:

This paper investigates various representative patents related to the tracheal stent. The
structure type, placement method and applications situation of these tracheal stents are discussed.

Results:

The characteristics of different types of tracheal stents are analyzed. This paper analyzes
the main problems in its development. The solutions to the issues and the current and future research
on tracheal stents are discussed.

Conclusion:

The tracheal stents are classified into metal stent, silicone stent, biodegradable stent
and hybrid material stent. Further improvements are needed in the aspects of structural design, safety,
applicability, biocompatibility, algorithm of drive model of tracheal stent. More related patents
about tracheal stents need to be developed.
Legal terms in translation of regulation number 40 year 2007 regarding limited liability company in Indonesia
Authors: Suryasa Wayan , Wirawan I Gede Nika , Thoms Steven L. , Bonviglio Tom
Published: November 2021

This research focused on the language being used in Regulation Number 40 year 2007 regarding limited liability company in Indonesia and the data is taken from Regulation Number 40 year 2007 regarding limited liability company in Indonesia that is collected randomly so the technique that will be used in this research is the sampling technique, because the data was chosen randomly and the method that will be used to analyze the data is descriptive method because the data will be described descriptively. It will describe the reason why the translator use that kind of equivalence to translate Indonesian into the English language.
Diyabetli Hastalarda Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
Authors: IŞIK Kevser , YILDIRIM Hilal , CENGİZ Zeliha
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, diyabetli hastalarda psikolojik insülin direnci ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Metodolojik türde yapılan araştırma için belirlenen minimum örneklem sayısı 180’di (orijinal ölçekte yer alan 18 madde sayısının 10 katı alınarak belirlendi). Araştırma toplam 201 diyabet hastası ile tamamlandı. Veri toplama aracı olarak diyabetli hastaları Tanıtıcı Anket Formu ve Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeği kullanıldı. Bulgular: Psikolojik İnsülin Direnci Ölçeğinin faktör analizinde öz değeri 1’in üstünde olan 3 faktörlü (destekleyici, psiko-bilişsel ve fiziksel faktörler) 12 sorudan oluştuğu, toplam varyans değerinin %60,4 olduğu belirlendi. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri 0,77, Bartlett’s testi X2=877,833, p<0,001 ve Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,82 olarak hesaplandı. Sonuç: Yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması sonucunda ölçeğin Türk toplumuna uygun ve tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda psikolojik insülin direnci varlığını değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlendi. Ölçeğin özellikle klinikte çalışan hemşirelerin tip 2 diyabetli hastaları insülin tedavisine karşı psikolojik yönden değerlendirme fırsatı sunmada yararlı olacağı düşünülebilir. Ölçeğin daha büyük örneklem grubu ile çalışılması önerilebilir.
Irritable bowel syndrome: Prevalence and associated factors in a faculty of medicine in Southeast of Turkey
Authors: AKBAYRAM Hatice Tuba
Published: November 2021

Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases that reduce people's quality of life and work efficiency. Studies on the prevalence of IBS in Turkey are scarce. This study aims to determine IBS prevalence and related factors among medical students in Gaziantep. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at February 2021. Data were collected from students of Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine via online questionnaire. IBS symptoms were evaluated by using the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. Results: A total of 427 (171 preclinical, 256 clinical) students were examined. The average age of the participants was 22.07 ±2.55 years and 58.1% of them were women. Sixty-nine (16.2%) students had symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of IBS. The IBS prevalence was 16.9% (n=42) among the female students and 15.1% (n=27) among the male students. The prevalence in clinical classes was 19.5% and was significantly higher than preclinical classes (11.1% p=0.021). There was a significant difference between IBS and positive family history OR: 2.57 (95% CI: 1.39-4.75), food intolerance OR: 4.14 (95% CI: 2.36-7.27), frequent sleep problems OR: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.24-3.75), not exercising regularly OR: 1.71 (95% CI: 1.01-2.91). There was not a statistically significant relationship between IBS and income, body mass index, smoking and emotional stress. Conclusion: The general prevalence was 16.2%, and it was 19.5% in clinical classes. The factors of having IBS in family history, food intolerance, sleep problems and not exercising regularly can be associated with the prevalence of IBS.
Regulasi Emosi Dan Kecemasan Pada Petugas Pemadam Kebakaran Di Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Kusuma Rosa Tiara
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara regulasi emosi dan kecemasan pada anggota pemadam kebakaran di Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskripsi korelasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh petugas pemadam kebakaran yang berada di Kabupaten Bantul berjumlah 66 orang, 1 induk dan 3 pos pemadam kebakaran di beberapa kecamatan, yang berada di bawah naungan BPBD Kabupaten Bantul. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan dua skala yaitu skala regulasi emosi ERQ (Emotion Regulation Quastionnaire) yang terdiri dari 10 item dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,811 dan skala kecemasan STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) yang terdiri dari 40 item yaitu 20 item formulir Y-1 (state anxiety) dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,910 dan 20 item formulir Y-2 (trait anxiety) dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,925. Hasil analisis data menggunakan Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif antara regulasi emosi dan kecemasan pada anggota pemadam kebakaran di Kabupaten Bantul, dengan nilai korelasi sebesar -0,515 dan signifikansi p < 0,05 artinya semakin rendah kemampuan regulasi emosi maka semakin tinggi tingkat kecemasan petugas pemadam kebakaran di Kabupaten Bantul, begitu pula sebaliknya.
Dinamika Psikologis Motivasi Berprestasi Remaja Down syndrome
Authors: Ayu Diah Novita
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dinamika psikologi motivasi berprestasi pada remaja down syndrome. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu tiga remaja down syndrome berprestasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran dinamika psikologis motivasi prestasi ketiga subjek, yaitu: (1) Subjek BS memiliki motif berprestasi mendapatkan piala dan menang lomba dikarenakan adanya pengalaman keberhasilan, tujuan mendapatkan hadiah, efikasi diri, dukungan guru secara emosional, dan dukungan orang tua;  (2) Subjek FS memiliki motif berprestasi menjadi pintar dan mendapatkan tepuk tangan yang dilatarbelakangi adanya pengalaman keberhasilan, kemandirian dalam berlatih, tujuan menjadi pintar dan mendapatkan tepuk tangan, efikasi diri, rasa senang pada aktivitas yang dilakukan, dukungan guru secara emosional, dan dukungan orang tua membuat FS senang ikut lomba; (3) Subjek BG memiliki motif berprestasi mendapatkan hadiah dan menang lomba yang dilatarbelakangi pengalaman keberhasilan, kemandirian dalam berlatih, tujuan mendapatkan hadiah, efikasi diri, dukungan guru dengan memberikan hadiah, dan dukungan orang tua membuat BG semangat berlomba.
Early Identification of Maternal Cardiovascular Risk Through Sourcing and Preparing Electronic Health Record Data: Machine Learning Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shara Nawar , Anderson Kelley M , Falah Noor , Ahmad Maryam F , Tavazoei Darya , Hughes Justin M , Talmadge Bethany , Crovatt Samantha , Dempers Ramon
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND

Health care data are fragmenting as patients seek care from diverse sources. Consequently, patient care is negatively impacted by disparate health records. Machine learning (ML) offers a disruptive force in its ability to inform and improve patient care and outcomes. However, the differences that exist in each individual’s health records, combined with the lack of health data standards, in addition to systemic issues that render the data unreliable and that fail to create a single view of each patient, create challenges for ML. Although these problems exist throughout health care, they are especially prevalent within maternal health and exacerbate the maternal morbidity and mortality crisis in the United States.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to demonstrate that patient records extracted from the electronic health records (EHRs) of a large tertiary health care system can be made actionable for the goal of effectively using ML to identify maternal cardiovascular risk before evidence of diagnosis or intervention within the patient’s record. Maternal patient records were extracted from the EHRs of a large tertiary health care system and made into patient-specific, complete data sets through a systematic method.

METHODS

We outline the effort that was required to define the specifications of the computational systems, the data set, and access to relevant systems, while ensuring that data security, privacy laws, and policies were met. Data acquisition included the concatenation, anonymization, and normalization of health data across multiple EHRs in preparation for their use by a proprietary risk stratification algorithm designed to establish patient-specific baselines to identify and establish cardiovascular risk based on deviations from the patient’s baselines to inform early interventions.

RESULTS

Patient records can be made actionable for the goal of effectively using ML, specifically to identify cardiovascular risk in pregnant patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Upon acquiring data, including their concatenation, anonymization, and normalization across multiple EHRs, the use of an ML-based tool can provide early identification of cardiovascular risk in pregnant patients.

CLINICALTRIAL
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ИСПЫТАНИЙ МИКРОСХЕМ АЦП НА СТОЙКОСТЬ К ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ ТЗЧ
Authors: Торшин Р.С. , Сорокоумов Г.С. , Бобровский Д.В. , Калашникова М.О.
Published: November 2021

В работе приведены основные аспекты контроля одиночных радиационных эффектов в микросхемах АЦП при воздействии тяжелых заряженных частиц (ТЗЧ).
TECHNICAL AND SOFTWARE UPGRADES COMPLETED AND PLANNED AT OARPAF
Authors: Ricci D. , Cabona L. , Righi C. , La Camera A. , Nicolosi F. , Tosi S.
Published: November 2021

We present technical, instrumental, and software upgrades completed and planned at astronomical observatory called "Osservatorio Astronomico Regionale Parco Antola, Fascia" (OARPAF), hosting an 80cm, alt-az Cassegrain-Nasmyth telescope. The observatory, located in the Ligurian Apennines, can currently be operated either for scientific (photometry camera) or amateur (ocular) observations, by switching the tertiary mirror between the two Nasmyth foci using a manual handle. The main scientific observational topics are related up to now to exoplanetary transits, QSOs, and gravitationally lensed quasars, and results are being recently published. A remotization and robotization strategy of the entire structure (telescope, dome, instruments, sensors and monitoring) have been set up and it is in progress. We report the current upgrades, mainly related for what concerns the "hardware" side to the robotization of the dome. On the instrumentation side, a new modular support for instruments with spectrophotometric capabilities is on a preliminary design phase, improving the telescope performances and broadening the potential science fields. In this framework, the procurement of spectrophotometric material has started. On the software side, an innovative web-based software relying on websockets and node.js can already be used to control the camera, and it will be extended to manage the other components of the instrument, of the observatory, and of the image database storage.
Pesticidal Impact of Eicosatrienoic Acid from Gliricidia Sepium on Granary Weevils
Authors: Thomas Jiji
Published: November 2021

Annotation: The article describes a method of Bio-control of granary weevils Keywords: Sitophilus, Gliricidia, Weevils, Bio-pesticide
Functional Outcome and Rate of Recovery in Endovascular Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: analysis of a single-center cohort of 66 cases
Authors: Fernanda Rodríguez Erazu María , Crosa Roberto , Telis Osmar
Published: November 2021

We report our experience with endovascular approach to brain arteriovenous malformations. Objective: Weemphasize the good safety profile of this approach and its potential for anatomical cure. Materials and Methods: This cohortstudy includes all patients diagnosed with a brain arteriovenous malformation who underwent therapeutic embolization inthe 4-year period, from January 2015 to December 2018 at the Endovascular Neurologic Center (CEN) of Médica Uruguaya,Montevideo Uruguay. Data were collected from clinical records and computerized databases, as well as from clinical examinationsto define current neurological and functional status according to the modified Rankin scale results. Results: 66 patients werereviewed, ranging from ages 1 to 73, 28 patients had previous bleeding, 18 had seizures, 9 were incidentally diagnosed and theremaining had minor headaches and neurological deficits. Only 3 patients underwent other therapies (2 had neurosurgeryand 1 radiosurgery). Clinical results can be considered as very good, an overall 27% of anatomic cures; the treatment-relatedmorbidity was very low, mRS 0-2 97% and mRS 3 in 3%. There were no patients with mRS 4-6. Clinical improvement wasnoted in 77.6% of patients. Conclusion: In our experience, endovascular therapy as a treatment of arteriovenous malformationsis safe, can achieve control of the disease with no changes in quality of life and can be potentially curative in certain cases.
Tratamento Endovascular de Aneurismas Intracranianos Rotos em Pacientes Submetidos a Craniotomia Descompressiva: pode ser viável?
Authors: Ribas Escosteguy Juliana , Bertuol Isaac
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A importância da detecção precoce de um aneurisma intracraniano (AI) se deve ao elevado risco de ruptura e de ocorrênciade hemorragia subaracnoide (HSA), a qual cursa com alta taxa de mortalidade. O tratamento requer abordagem emergencial ecirúrgica, sendo duas as modalidades: craniotomia com clipagem microcirúrgica do aneurisma e a técnica endovascular. Objetivo: Oobjetivo deste trabalho foi relatar uma técnica de tratamento diversa da literatura, utilizada em dois pacientes com aneurisma roto deartéria cerebral média e hematoma intracraniano com efeito de massa, ambos submetidos à craniotomia descompressiva e tratamentoendovascular. Relato de caso: Os pacientes sofreram ruptura de aneurisma cerebral de artéria cerebral média, com efeito de massa, eobtiveram graus 4 e 4, e 4 e 3 nas escalas de Fisher e Hunt & Hess, respectivamente. Foram submetidos à craniotomia frontotemporoparietaldescompressiva, e após controle do efeito e massa decorrente da ruptura aneurismática, foram submetidos à embolização. Discussãoe Conclusão: A opção pelo tratamento endovascular posterior ao tratamento cirúrgico foi devido à grande morbimortalidadedesta patologia; a embolização então apresentava menor chance de mortalidade e de complicações. Desta maneira, pode entãoser viável a realização de tratamento endovascular em pacientes com aneurisma roto submetidos à craniotomia descompressiva.