bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Massive Open Program Evaluation
Authors: Amankwatia Tonya B.
Published: June 2016

Given the complexity of developing programs, services, policies, and support for e-learning, leaders may find it challenging to regularly evaluate programs to improve quality. Are there new opportunities to expand user and stakeholder input, or involve others in e-learning program evaluation? This chapter asks researchers and practitioners to rethink existing paradigms and methods for program evaluation. Crowdsourced input may help leaders and stakeholders address persistent evaluation challenges and improve e-learning quality, especially in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). After reviewing selected evaluation paradigms, models, and methods, this chapter offers a possible role for crowdsourced input. This chapter examines the topics of crowd definition, affordances, and problems, to begin a taxonomical framework with possible applications for e-learning. The goal is to provide a reference for advancing the discussion and examination of crowdsourced input.
E-Learning and Faculty Development in Higher Education
Authors: Gallagher-Lepak Susan , Vandenhouten Christine
Published: June 2016

Growth of online higher education and advances in technology justify and encourage new models of faculty development related to e-learning. This chapter describes a multi-campus faculty development program using distance technology, a Community Of Practice (COP) model, and an e-learning framework. The Flexible Framework for E-Learning by Khan (2005) guided planning and implementation of the faculty development program. A variety of strategies were used to deliver the faculty development program including use of campus-based site leaders, participating scholars, monthly videoconferences, a faculty development handbook, hands-on use of new e-learning technologies, and a year-end conference. The program also included an evaluation of the interface design of courses used in a collaborative online nursing program with findings reported to faculty. Along with strategies used, barriers and evaluation of the multi-campus faculty development model are presented so that the faculty development model can be replicated across other universities and disciplines.
E-Learning Readiness in Public Institutions
Authors: Aldhaferri Fayiz Munsher
Published: June 2016

This chapter reports on an e-Learning readiness study that was supported by Kuwait Foundation for Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) under project number (2013-11109-05) and carried out to assess the organizational and individual factors of the two major stakeholder groups (teachers and students) in the secondary education institutions to provide significant information to the policy makers and regulatory bodies for the development of successful e-Learning strategies. The chapter looks specifically at some factors at the initial stage of an e-Learning introduction that can have tremendous impact on the later stages of the process. Later on this chapter, discussion and suggestions are presented to be instrumental in implementing successful eLearning strategies for many countries, specifically Kuwait, and will also benefit e-Learning initiatives in similar institutions in other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and beyond.
Hey Inner Four-Year-Old, Wanna Play?
Authors: Duncan Charlotte A. , Russo Colleen E.
Published: June 2016

Though the spontaneous creativity of children narrows naturally in development, the rigid structures of our culture further suppress these necessary abilities. Enhanced by the ubiquity and interactivity of emerging technologies, media provides a unique method of encouraging creativity in a manner children are growing ever more familiar with. The authors discuss the role of creativity in children's media from multiple angles: the importance of creativity in children's play and development, how creativity is cultivated through effective media, and the creativity involved in producing media content. Relevant scientific research is explored throughout the chapter. Extensive interviews with two prominent creative producers in children's media, Tone Thyne and J.J. Johnson, contribute expert perspectives and provide detailed insight into the creative process behind children's media.
Creativity in the Animation Industry
Authors: Liu Zheng , Ma Lei
Published: June 2016

In the past 20 years, animation industry has developed rapidly due to the popularity of technology and a market demand on creativity. Large firms such as Disney and Pixar are continuously seeking strategies to expand, improve, and innovate, whereas most Chinese companies, as late comers are upgrading their capability through original design, technology development and policy support. This chapter focuses on the creativity in the animation industry, with an analysis on brand/character development, technology innovation, and policy influence. It starts with an introduction of the creativity in animation industry from both practice and literature perspectives. Then, there are five cases studies into companies with a highlight on their details of creative activities. Discussion is to address the critical issues of creativity in the animation industry, followed by a conclusion and recommendations for future research areas.
The Benefit of Imitation for Creativity in Art and Design
Authors: Rook Laurens
Published: June 2016

Many artists and designers borrow, cite, or seek inspiration in external source materials in their daily creative practice. The aim of this chapter is to show that imitation of external source material offers creative professionals the opportunity to introduce an element of surprise to the creative act, which may explain why a creative product with very little or no originality whatsoever can nevertheless gain reputation as being creative. The literature on imitation in psychology and the humanities will be reviewed in parallel to a recent suggestion in creativity research to give more prominence to the criterion of surprise in the study of creativity. The potential benefit of imitation for creativity in art and design will be illustrated with a description of the working practices of the prominent painter Gerhard Richter and the famous car designer J Mays – two contemporary creative professionals renowned for usage of external source material in their own creative work.
Creativity in Art Therapy
Authors: Brandoff Rachel
Published: June 2016

Art therapists help to access and awaken their clients' personal, latent creativity by promoting art making by the client (Snyder, 1997). Art Therapists aid clients by re-establishing creative thought and flow. They encourage the use of art materials, assist with the engagement in the art-making processes, and facilitate reflection on art made in the context of psychotherapy (Lombardi, 2014). Exercising creativity in therapy is an effective way to develop problem-solving and original thinking approaches, and it ultimately enables clients to generalize these skills towards other areas of life (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1987). It is not uncommon for people to lose touch with creativity as a result of coping with life stressors, transitions or trauma. Through engagement with art making in art therapy, clients can potentially address psychological blockages that might inhibit or prevent access to creative thinking.
Innovation and Craft Revival
Authors: Madan Arwah
Published: June 2016

Protecting and preserving the knowledge and skills of traditional crafts is a growing challenge. Further, ensuring a sustainable livelihood to artisans working in these traditional crafts is a tall order. Section one of the chapter explores the traditional tribal art form widely practised among a semi-nomadic tribe in the north-west region of India. Section two of the chapter examines the role of a not-for-profit organization involved in the revival of the ancient Lambani craft. Sabala- an organization located in one of the districts in Southern India has been working on the revival and preservation of Lambani embroidery. At Sabala, crafts are designed to enhance the creative appeal of products for the local and global market, as well. The integration of both, the creative design and the execution of craft in the hands of the artisans can ensure ingenuity in the craft form and not reduce the craft worker to a mere labourer.
The Contribution(s) of Modernization Theory to ICT4D Research
Authors: Cibangu Sylvain K.
Published: June 2016

Since evolving into an established science in the 1990s, the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) has seen unprecedented and fast-growing rates of publication, curriculum venues, and development projects around the globe. To this effect, ICT4D literature is informed by a variety of theories (e.g., capability approach, livelihoods, participatory development, etc.). In the process of asserting its body of knowledge, however, ICT4D has tended to dismiss the theory of modernization. For example, under labels such as technology fix, technology transplant, a computer per child, etc., the theory of modernization has been equated with the failures of and threats against development. Consequently, the theory of modernization has lost its value among development practitioners and theorists. This chapter assesses the theory of modernization. There is no such thing as a developed nation without modernization. The chapter derives some points of departure for ICT4D research.
Collaborative Online Learning Tools and Types
Authors: Sawant Sarika
Published: June 2016

Collaborative learning experiences not only promotes critical thinking and reflection in students but also encourages them to develop a sense of community, thus enabling the creation of an environment in which further collaborative work can take place. While technologies to facilitate collaborative learning include a range of features and functionalities, this paper focuses on ten types of tools that deal with idea generation and brainstorming, mapping, design, online group work and document collaboration, and online communication. The present paper explains the online collaboration with its features, preparation required by institution and role of teacher presence in online learning. It highlights on ten different tools based on its function with suitable examples. It also explores paradigm shift from academic librarian to blended librarian, it's possible hurdles and benefits. The blended librarian is versed in both print and online tools and can help faculty meet course goals, regardless of the medium or technology. The paper concludes with how idea of online collaborative learning methodology is likely to evolve and make significant benefits to education, and probably to post educational business collaboration as well.
Open Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Rahman Hakikur
Published: June 2016

In spite of the increased acceptance by most of the corporate business houses around the world, the adaptation of strategies and concepts belonging to the newly evolved dimension of entrepreneurships, the open innovation (OI), countries in the East, West or South are yet to adapt appropriate strategies in their business practices, especially in order to reach out to the grass roots communities, or to the masses. So far, firms belonging to the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) sector, irrespective of their numbers and contributions towards their national economies are lagging behind far in accepting open innovation strategies for their business advancements. While talking about this newly emerged business dimension, it comprises of complex and dynamically developed concepts like, management of various aspects of intellectual property, administration of patents, copyright and trademark issues or supervision of market trend for minute details related to knowledge acquisition. All these issues are largely responsible to add value to the business plan in terms of economy or knowledge gain, and organizations acting in this aspect deserve comprehensive researches and investigations. As most of the developed countries are already in their advanced stage in adopting open innovation strategies, finding this as a weak link in terms of entrepreneurships in less developed countries, this chapter intends to seek answers related to the mentioned issues focusing adaption of open innovation strategies in developing and transitional economies. It is a study on business houses or national efforts from countries belonging to these categories, deducting from a longitudinal literature review. The chapter goes on looking into other aspects of business development incorporating various OI concepts, synthesizes to build a reasonable framework to be applicable in the target economies, points out to some future research aspects and concludes the finding of this research. This study expects to enhance knowledge of entrepreneurs, academics and researchers by gaining specific knowledge on trend of open innovation strategies in developing and transitional countries.
Real-Time Monitoring System for Efficiency and Cost Analysis of Forest Energy Biomass Transportation
Authors: Föhr Jarno , Karttunen Kalle , Immonen Mika , Ranta Tapio
Published: June 2016

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficiency and costs of energy biomass transportations, when using a conventional monitoring system linked with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. In the study, truck-specific transportation monitoring was carried out with the help of a real-time web-based monitoring system. Both smart phones and reader gates were used for data transfer into the system with a wireless Internet connection. The experiments were carried out along the forest chip transportation from the forest roadside storages to the power plant by using either traditional solid-frame trucks or a truck with interchangeable containers. All the delivery containers were mounted with RFID tags. Afterwards, the statistics of the loads and the delivery performance ratio of the transportations were analysed. Additionally, the cost structures for the alternative truck and trailer combination were analysed and their unit costs were determined. Also, the functionality and the reliability of the real-time monitoring system were examined as a part of the demanding roadside chipping chain. The total number of the loads was 68 during the follow-up period. The container truck system was found to be as cost-efficient as the solid-frame truck systems. This paper demonstrates that RFID enables the tracking of the trucks on a real-time basis through the delivery chain, and that the data can be used to analyse the vehicle-specific time usage and the unit costs of deliveries.
Do the Service Priorities of Companies Outsourcing to 3PL Providers Vary by Industry?
Authors: Manikas Ioannis , Ieromonachou Petros
Published: June 2016

This research looks into how well the priorities of third party logistics providers in the UK are aligned to that of their customers and how these priorities change dependent upon industry segment and size. Additionally, it looks into how the levels of information communication technology (ICT) employed by a supplier and their green profile could be affecting their ability to remain competitive. The research confirms previous work that a service gap exists between what clients want against what they are actually receiving. The results of this research present several key findings on logistics service quality priorities in the UK. The study demonstrates that 3PL providers in some cases are focusing on service quality areas which are not aligned to that of their customers. This could mean that currently precious capital is being invested in areas that will either do nothing to improve the service quality perception of their suppliers or worse, be invested in an area that is not significant to the client's competitive advantage.
Grounded Theory and Actor-Network Theory
Authors: Davey Bill , Adamopoulos Arthur
Published: June 2016

This paper introduces a method of analyzing large text data in the context of an Actor-Network Theory based study. A case is used to illustrate conditions under which using an analytical technique from another philosophy seems particularly apt. A tool commonly used in Grounded Theory was applied in a manner aimed at facilitating a search for potential actors and their interactions and for evidence of specific translations of the innovation in the case used.
Virtual Environments and Cognitive Tests for Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Montenegro Juan Manuel Fernandez , Argyriou Vasileios
Published: June 2016

Dementia is a syndrome characterised by the decline of mental skills such as memory, reasoning, language or perceptual interpretation. High rate of deaths and high cost for detection, treatments and patient's care count amongst its consequences. The aim of this work is the creation of low cost and efficient tools to help with the detection of Alzheimer. In addition, current game technologies have proved to be a convenient tool for healthcare due to the flexibility to create certain situations provided by Virtual Environments (VEs). Therefore, our objective is the creation of novel e-health applications, accessible to all patients, using new affordable technologies combined with Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems and VEs.
Co-Creation with Stakeholders
Authors: Samant Shridhar M. , Sangle Shirish , Daulatkar Sonal
Published: June 2016

Creating value is the most imperative motive of an organization. To address the future sustainability challenges, organizations need to create value in a way which takes care of not only the environmental and social needs of the growing population but also the economic ones. Sustainable Value (SV) creation is the key for addressing such needs, and it can be enhanced by stakeholder engagement affected through a range of dialogues. This paper presents a 4x4 grid as a prescriptive tool for practising managers. By assessing the organization's current level of engagement and corresponding level of stakeholders' value obtained, managers can choose the more enabling dialogue to attain progressive levels of SV achieved by implementing the four sustainability strategies. However, to maximize the possible benefits of co-creation with stakeholders and to simultaneously minimize the risks, managers need to choose the projects carefully and cautiously. Theoretically, this paper serves as a base for encouraging further research on co-creating enhanced SV.
Examination of Mobile Social Networking Service (SNS) Users' Loyalty
Authors: Suki Norazah Mohd , Suki Norbayah Mohd
Published: June 2016

Mobile-device-based social networking services (SNS) have become popular technology mediated communication modalities. Users' actively accesses Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and LinkedIn for social communication and entertainment. This study aims to examine the structural relationships of (i) perceived information quality and perceived system quality on perceived user trust and perceived flow, (ii) perceived user trust on perceived flow, and (iii) perceived user trust and perceived flow on mobile SNS users' loyalty simultaneously. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis via AMOS 20.0 computer program was used for data analysis as it has the ability to ensure the consistency of the model with the data and to estimate effects among constructs. Empirical results via SEM revealed that perceived information quality and perceived system quality significantly influences perceived users trust and perceived flow. Significant relationship also appears between perceived user trust and perceived flow. Moreover, mobile SNS users' loyalty significantly affected by both perceived user trust and perceived flow. The paper concludes with direction for future research.
Understanding University Students' System Acceptance Behavior
Authors: Li Chia-Ying
Published: June 2016

Individuals taking information system training courses can benefit from learning information systems use and thus have the ability to implement systems before graduation. Previous studies have mentioned that an individual's system acceptance is likely to be determined by the information system, target users and context. However, studies on how personality traits and their interactions with external variables, such as training and subjective norms, to directly or indirectly influence an individual's perception and behavior intention, are lacking. This study integrates the five-factor model and technology acceptance model to explore student information systems acceptance. Questionnaire survey is used to collect data from university students. By using PLS analysis with 331 usable questionnaires, the results indicate that training and subjective norms have positive influences on perceived usefulness. Besides, a conscientiousness personality has a positive influence on perceived usefulness. Extraversion and agreeableness moderate the influence of subjective norms on perceived usefulness, while openness to experience moderates the relationship between training and perceived usefulness. Finally, this study confirms the positive interrelationship among perceived usefulness, attitude and behavior intention. The results provide valuable information for both academicians and practitioners concerned with promoting students' information systems acceptance.
Toxicity of aqueous extract of white hoary pea, Tephrosia candida (Papilionoideae) on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) fingerlings
Authors: Mohotti C. R. W. C. , Epa U. P. K.
Published: June 2016

Fish poisoning using Tephrosia candida, which is an exotic plant to Sri Lanka is taking place in streams in the boundary of the Sinharaja forest, a tropical forest range, designated as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1988. T. candida is a source of flavonoids and rotenoids including rotenone, tephrosin, and deguelin. Fishermen add large amounts of grounded plant matter to kill almost all the fishes in the stream within a short period of time. This method of unregulated fishing may have a long term negative effect on fish diversity and abundance in the area. A 96 h static renewal toxicity bioassay was carried out in the laboratory to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous extract of T. candida leaves on Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Experimental fish were exposed to test water in 20 L glass aquaria with concentrations of plant extract of 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1. All five treatments aquaria and the control aquaria without plant extract were triplicated. Fish exposed to plant extract showed symptoms of toxicity including, initial inactivation, agitated swimming, turning movement, air gulping, increased opercular movement followed by erratic swimming, loss of reflex, slow opercular movement, setting at the bottom motionless and knockdown before death. The gills of the dead fishes were damaged, swollen and external bleeding were observed. Lower concentrations of the extracts had sub lethal effects which manifested as zigzag movement, air gulping, increased opercular movement and some fish gathered near the air stones. The LC50 values at various exposure periods were 10.83 mg L-1 for 24 h; 8.61 mg L-1 for 48 h; 7.26 mg L-1 for 72 h and 6.43 mg L-1 for 96 h. It could be concluded that the application of T. candida extract causes lethal toxic effects on fish even at very low concentrations.
CD30+ Primary Cutaneous Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder with Signet-Ring Cell Features
Authors: Malviya Neeta , Wickless Heather
Published: June 2016

We report a case of primary cutaneous CD30+ post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder with an uncommon finding of signet ring cell features in a heart transplant patient. The neoplastic cells were CD4 and CD30 positive, and negative for S-100, pancytokeratin, myeloperoxidase, and CD56. In situ hybridization for Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) was negative, even though the patient did have EBV viremia.
SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Authors: Ricciardi Walter , Giubbini Gabriele , Laurenti Patrizia
Published: June 2016

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most relevant problems in the healthcare: the growth of resistant micro-organisms in healthcare settings is a worrisome threat, raising length to stay (LOS), morbidity and mortality in those patients.The importance of the antibiotic resistance and its spread around the world, gave rise to the activation of several surveillance systems, based especially on the collection of laboratory data to local or national level.The objective of this work is to carry out a review of the scientific literature existing on the topic and scientific activities related to surveillance on antibiotic resistance in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.Recent Data from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (November 2015) show, for different combinations bacterium-drug, an increase of resistance from North to South and from West to East of Europe; it is particularly worrying the phenomenon of resistance carried out by some gram negative, specifically Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to third-generation cephalosporin, often combined in opposition to fluoroquinolones and amino glycosides.Is particularly relevant the incidence of resistance to carbapenems by strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella included). The resistance exerted by MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) continues to be relevant, albeit showing some decline in recent years. The incidence of resistance carried on by Streptococcus pneumoniae is stable and is mainly relevant to macrolides. Finally, a significant increase in recording relatively exercised by Enterococcus faecium to Vancomycin.Detecting, preventing, and controlling antibiotic resistance requires strategic, coordinated, and sustained efforts. It also depends on the engagement of governments, academia, industry, healthcare providers, the general public, and the agricultural community, as well as international partners. Committing to combating antibiotic-resistant microbes will support patient care, economic growth, agriculture, and economic and national security.
THE ICET-A SURVEY ON CURRENT CRITERIA USED BY CLINICIANS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN THALASSEMIA: ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: De Sanctis Vincenzo
Published: June 2016

Introduction: In March 2015, the International Network of Clinicians for Endocrinopathies in Thalassemia and Adolescent Medicine (ICET-A) implemented a two-step survey on central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) assessment in TM patients and after analysis of the collected data,  recommendations for the assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis in clinical practice were defined.Methods: To ascertain the current practice for assessment of CAI in thalassemia, the Coordinator of ICET-A sent two questionnaires by email: i) The first to evaluate the current interpretation of basal serum cortisol level (first step) and ii) The second to evaluate the current usage of ACTH test and the variability in practice" (second step). Based on the surveys the core ICET-A group prepared the recommendations for the assessment of suspected CAI in thalassemia (third step).Results: A total of 19 thalassemologists/endocrinologists have participated in the first survey and 35 specialists participated in the second step questionnaire. The survey demonstrated a considerable variability in almost all aspects of relevant current criteria used for the diagnosis of CAI.  A ROC analysis using peak value > 20 μg/dl (> 550 nmol/L), after ACTH stimulation test, was performed with the aim of identifying the optimal basal serum cortisol cut-off. The optimal threshold that maximizes sensitivity plus specificity for morning basal cortisol against peak post-ACTH value >20 μg/dl (>550 nmol/L) was 10 μg/dl (275 nmol/L).,Furthermore, the values associated with highest negative predictive value (NPV) and highest, positive predictive value (PPV) were 4.20 (115 nmol/L) and 18.45 μg/dl (510 nmol/L), respectively.Surprisingly, 20 specialists in thalassemia working in blood bank, thalassemia centres (day hospital), internal medicine, hematology and onco-hematology had poor knowledge and experience in testing for CAI and stopped filling the questionnaire after the second question. In contrast, 9 endocrinologists (8 pediatricians) and 6 hematologists working in collaboration with endocrinologists completed the questionnaire.Conclusions: While waiting more extensive adequately powered and targeted studies, physicians should adopt an acceptable policy for accurate assessment of HPA in TM patients. Regular surveillance, early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in a multi-disciplinary specialized setting are also recommended. The ICET-A recommendations are reported in order to facilitate for interested physicians the approach to successful assessment of adrenal function in thalassemia. Key words: Thalassemia, adrenal insufficiency, pitfall in the diagnosis, ACTH stimulation test, guidelines.
Knowledge and uptake of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis amongst nurses caring for people living with HIV
Authors: Makhado Lufuno , Davhana-Maselesele Mashudu
Published: June 2016

Background: Nurses caring for people living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by needle sticks, cuts, getting body fluids in their eyes or mouth and skin when bruised or affected by dermatitis.Objectives: To determine knowledge, insight and uptake of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (OPEP) amongst nurses caring for PLWH.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used in this study. Stratified random sampling was used to sample 240 nurses. The study was conducted in a regional hospital in Limpopo province. Both parametric and non-parametric statistics were employed to analyse data.Results: A total of 233 nurses participated in the study. Sixty per cent (n = 138) of all nurses had a situation at work when they thought that they were infected by HIV and 100 (43%) nurses had experienced the situation once or more in the past 12 month. Approximately 40% did not know what PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is, and 22% did not know or were not sure if it was available in the hospital. Only few participants (n = 68, 29%) had sought PEP and most (n = 37, 54%) of them did not receive PEP when they needed it. There was a significant association between the knowledge and availability of PEP (r = 0.622).Conclusion: The study recommend an urgent need for policy makers in the health sector to put in place policies, guidelines and programmes that will rapidly scale up PEP services in health care settings, so that preventable occupationally acquired HIV infection can be minimised amongst nurses.Keywords: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Nurses; HIV, Occupational Exposure; PLWH
Detecção de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. na água bruta das estações de tratamento no município de Blumenau, SC, Brasil
Authors: Grott Suelen Cristina , Hartmann Brunna , Da Silva Filho Hercílio Higino , Bueno Franco Regina Maura , Greinert Goulart Juliane Araújo
Published: June 2016

Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. são protozoários patogênicos de transmissão fecal oral de veiculação hídrica, que causam vários problemas de saúde, como doenças gastrointestinais associados com consumo de água contaminada. Devido à escassez de dados sobre a ocorrência destes protozoários em águas superficiais no Sul do Brasil, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a presença de cistos e oocistos na água bruta das estações de tratamento de água no município de Blumenau, SC, Brasil. Para a pesquisa dos protozoários foi utilizada a metodologia de filtração em membranas de ésteres mistos de celulose, seguida por reação de imunofluorescência utilizando o kit Merifluor®. Para as análises microbiológicas, empregou-se a metodologia do “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”; para as análises físico-químicas foi utilizada sonda multiparâmetros. Cistos de Giardia spp. foram encontrados em 23,19% das amostras e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. em 7,24% do total de amostras analisadas (n=67). Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram contaminação por Escherichia coli e 11,76% apresentaram valores de turbidez da água bruta acima do recomendado. Nas análises da turbidez da água tratada 23,52% apresentaram valores acima do preconizado pela Portaria 2914/2011. A detecção de protozoários patogênicos na água bruta das estações de tratamento de água aponta para a importância de adoção de medidas preventivas, como a proteção de áreas de mananciais e tratamento adequado do esgoto doméstico objetivando reduzir os riscos de transmissão de protozoários por meio da água de consumo humano na região de Blumenau, SC, Brasil.
Nilpotent Group C*-algebras as Compact Quantum Metric Spaces
Authors: Christ Michael , Rieòel Marc A.
Published: June 2016

Letbe a length function on a group G, and let Mdenote the operator of pointwise multiplication byon l2(G). Following Connes, M𝕃can be used as a “Dirac” operator for the reduced group C*-algebra(G). It deûnes a Lipschitz seminorm on(G), which defines a metric on the state space of(G). We show that for any length function satisfying a strong form of polynomial growth on a discrete group, the topology from this metric coincides with the weak-* topology (a key property for the definition of a “compact quantum metric space”). In particular, this holds for all word-length functions on ûnitely generated nilpotent-by-finite groups.
Mixed-integer Nonlinear Optimization: A Hatchery for Modern Mathematics
Authors: Liberti Leo , Sager Sebastian , Wiegele Angelika
Published: June 2016

The aim of this workshop was fostering the growth of new mathematical ideas arising from mixed-integer nonlinear optimization. In this regard, the workshop has been a resounding success. It has covered a very diverse scientific landscape, including automated proof in computational geometry, the analysis of computational complexity of MINO in fixed and variable dimension, the solution of infinite MINO such as those appearing in mixed-integer optimal control, the theoretical and computational deployment of traditional integer and continuous approaches to achieve new solution algorithms for large-scale MINO, a classification of the most interesting engineering and technology applications of MINO, and more. It has synthesized twenty open questions and challenges which will serve as a roadmap for the years to come.
Спектральный анализ на группе конформных автоморфизмов единичного круга
Authors: Volchkov Valerii Vladimirovich , Volchkov Vitalii Vladimirovich
Published: June 2016

Для группы $G$ конформных автоморфизмов единичного круга рассмотрена задача о спектральном анализе
для подпространств $\mathscr{U}\subset C(G)$, инвариантных относительно всех правых сдвигов из $G$
и сопряжений из подгруппы вращений. Оказалось, что в отличие от подпространств в $C(G)$,
инвариантных только относительно правых сдвигов, $\mathscr{U}$ содержит минимальное подпространство
с указанным свойством.
Библиография: 26 названий.
Геодезические в субримановой задаче на группе $\mathrm{SO}(3)$
Authors: Beschastnyi Ivan Yurevich , Sachkov Yurii Leonidovich
Published: June 2016

Изучаются геодезические левоинвариантных субримановых структур на группе $\mathrm{SO}(3)$. Приводится полное описание периодических геодезических и их простейшие свойства, некоторые необходимые условия минимальности, оценки на время разреза и на диаметр метрики.
Библиография: 32 названия.
Модули нулевой горенштейновой размерности над алгебрами графов
Authors: Golod Evgeniy Solomonovich , Pogudin Gleb Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2016

Показывается, что несвободные модули нулевой горенштейновой размерности над алгеброй графа существуют в том и только том случае, если граф - дерево. Дается классификация таких модулей.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Chemistry-climate interactions of aerosol nitrate from lightning
Authors: Tost H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Lightning represents one of the dominant emission source for NOx in the troposphere. The direct release of oxidised nitrogen in the upper troposphere does not only affect ozone formation, but also chemical and microphysical properties of aerosol particles in this region. This study investigates the direct impact of LNOx emissions on upper tropospheric nitrate using a global chemistry climate model. The simulation results show a substantial influence of the lightning emissions on the mixing ratios of nitrate aerosol in the upper troposphere of more than 50%. In addition to the impact on nitrate, lightning substantially affects the oxidising capacity of the atmosphere with substantial implications for gas phase sulphate formation and new particle formation in the upper troposphere. In conjunction with the condensation of nitrates, substantial differences in the aerosol size distribution occur in the upper troposphere as a consequence of lightning. This has implications for the extinction properties of the aerosol particles and for the cloud optical properties. While the extinction is generally slightly enhanced due to the LNOx emissions, the response of the clouds is ambiguous due to compensating effects in both liquid and ice clouds. Resulting shortwave flux perturbations are of ~−100mW/m2, but an uncertainty range of almost 50% has to be defined due to the large internal variability of the system and the uncertainties in the multitude of involved processes.
Evidence of a significant rotational non-LTE effect in the CO2 4.3 μm PFS-MEX limb spectra
Authors: Kutepov Alexander A. , Rezac Ladislav , Feofilov Artem G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Since January 2004, the planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS) on board the Mars Express satellite has been recording near infrared limb spectra of high quality up to ≈ 150 km, with potential information on density and thermal structure of the upper atmosphere. We present first results of our modeling of the PFS short wavelength channel (SWC) daytime limb spectra for the altitude region above 90 km. We applied a ro-vibrational non-LTE model based on the stellar astrophysics technique of accelerated lambda 5 iteration (ALI) to solve the multi-species and multi-level CO2 problem in the Martian atmosphere. We show that the long standing discrepancy between observed and calculated spectra in the cores and wings of 4.3 μm region is explained by the non-thermal rotational distribution of molecules in the upper vibrational states 10011 and 10012 of the CO2 main isotope second hot (SH) bands above 90 km altitude. The redistribution of SH band intensities from band branch cores into their wings is caused (a) by intensive production of the CO2 molecules in rotational states with j > 30 due to the absorption 10 of solar radiation in optically thin wings of 2.7 μm bands, and (b) by a short radiative life time of excited molecules, which is insufficient at altitudes above 90 km for collisions to maintain rotation of excited molecules thermalized. Implications for developing operational algorithms for massive processing of PFS and other instrument limb observations are discussed.
Sedimentary archives of climate and sea-level changes during the Holocene in the Rhone prodelta (NW Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Fanget Anne-Sophie , Bassetti Maria-Angela , Fontanier Christophe , Tudryn Alina , Berné Serge
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A 7.38 m-long sediment core was collected from the eastern part of the Rhone prodelta (NW Mediterranean) at 67 m water depth. A multi-proxy study (sedimentary facies, benthic foraminifera and ostracods, clay mineralogy, and major elements from XRF) provides a multi-decadal to century-scale record of climate and sea-level changes during the Holocene. The early Holocene is marked by alternative silt and clay layers interpreted as distal tempestites deposited in a context of rising sea level. This interval contains shallow infra-littoral benthic meiofauna (e.g. Pontocythere elongata, Elphidium spp., Quinqueloculina lata) and formed between ca. 20 and 50 m water depth. The middle Holocene (ca. 8.3 to 4.5 ka cal. BP), is characterized, at the core site, by a period of sediment starvation (accumulation rate of ca. 0.01 cm yr−1) resulting from the maximum landward shift of the shoreline and the Rhone outlet(s). From a sequence stratigraphic point of view, this condensed interval, about 35 cm-thick, is a Maximum Flooding Surface that can be identified on seismic profiles as the transition between delta retrogradation and delta progradation. It is marked by very distinct changes in all proxy records. Following the stabilization of the global sea level, the late Holocene is marked by the establishment of prodeltaic conditions at the core site, as shown by the lithofacies and by the presence of benthic meiofauna typical of the modern Rhone prodelta (e.g. Valvulineria bradyana, Cassidulina carinata, Bulimina marginata). Several periods of increased fluvial discharge are also emphasized by the presence of species commonly found in brackish and shallow water environments (e.g. Leptocythere). Some of these periods correspond to the multi-decadal to centennial late Holocene humid periods recognized in Europe (i.e. the 2.8 ka event and the Little Ice Age). Two other periods of increased runoffs at ca. 1.3 and 1.1 ka cal. BP are recognized, and are likely to reflect periods of regional climate deterioration that are observed in the Rhone watershed.
WCRP COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX): A diagnostic MIP for CMIP6
Authors: Gutowski Jr. William J. , Giorgi Filippo , Timbal Bertrand , Frigon Anne , Jacob Daniela , Kang Hyun-Suk , Krishnan R. , Lee Boram , Lennard Christopher , Nikulin Grigory , O’Rourke Eleanor , Rixen Michel , Solman Silvina , Stephenson Tannecia , Tangang Fredolin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) is a Diagnostic MIP in CMIP6. CORDEX builds on a foundation of previous downscaling intercomparison projects to provide a common framework for downscaling activities around the world. The CORDEX Regional Challenges provide a focus for downscaling research and a basis for making use of CMIP6 GCM output to produce downscaled projected changes in regional climates and assess sources of uncertainties in the projections, all of which can potentially be distilled into climate change information for vulnerability, impacts and adaptation studies. A CORDEX CORE framework is planned that will produce a baseline set of homogeneous simulations for regions worldwide. In CMIP6, CORDEX coordinates with ScenarioMIP and is structured to allow cross comparisons with HighResMIP.
Effects of Y-type spillway lateral contraction ratios on debris flow patterns and scour features behind a check dam
Authors: Chen Huayong , Liu Jinfeng , Zhao Wanyu
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Debris flows often cause devastating damage to property and can injure or kill residents in mountainous areas. The construction of check dams in debris flow valleys is considered a useful strategy for mitigating the damages downstream. In this paper, a new type of spillway structure with lateral contraction was proposed to distribute debris flows after the check dam storage filled up. Four different lateral contraction ratios of the spillway were considered in experiments that investigated debris flow patterns, scour characteristics, and energy dissipation rates when debris flows passed through the spillway. The results indicated that lateral contraction considerably influenced the extension of debris flow nappes. The drop length of the nappe at η = 0.7 (η means lateral contraction ratio) was approximately 1.4 times larger than at η = 0.4. The collision, friction, and mixing forces between the debris flow nappes and debris flows in downstream plunge pools dissipated much of the debris flow kinetic energy, ranging from 42.03 % to 78.08 % at different contraction ratios. Additionally, based on a dimensionless analysis, an empirical model was proposed to predict the maximum scour depth behind the check dam. It indicated that the results calculated by the model exhibited good agreement with the experimental results.
Preparation and Characterization of Phase Transition/Graphite foam Composite Materials
Authors: Yu Jia , Tang ChenLong , Yu ZhiChao
Published: June 2016

Background

Phase transition/graphite foam (PCM/GF) composite materials are a kind of composite materials that fill graphite foam with phase change materials.

Methods

In this paper, graphite foam was prepared firstly by the soft template method, the heat conductivity of which at room temperature is 5.44 W/(m∙K). Then, four phase change materials including eicosane, acetamide, xylitol, and erythritol were chosen for filling into the prepared graphite foam to obtain PCM/GF composite materials.

Results and conclusions

Among the four kinds of materials, erythritol composite material has the highest melting point (118.5°C) and the highest enthalpy of fusion (266.3J/g), weight loss ratios of xylitol composite material after ten cycles is the lowest (2.1%), the compressive strength of xylitol composite material is the highest (9.08 MPa) and that of eicosane composite material is the lowest (3.32 MPa).
Pioneers in the Realms of Spirits: A Comparison of Zora Neale Hurston's and Martha Warren Beckwith's Writings on African Caribbean Folk Religions
Authors: Sparkes Hilary
Published: June 2016

This paper is a comparison of Zora Neale Hurston's coverage of Africana religions in Tell My Horse with the writings on African Jamaican folk religion by the American anthropologist and folklorist Martha Warren Beckwith. Like Hurston, Beckwith was a student of Franz Boas. She is also regarded as something of a pioneer in her Jamaican research. However, there were significant differences in the two women's approaches to their fieldwork. Comparing Hurston's and Beckwith's writings demonstrates the variety of interpretations of, and approaches to, African Caribbean folk religions by two Boasian anthropologists in the early twentieth century. As much of the information about African Jamaican folk religions in this period comes from anthropologists and folklorists, an examination of their works in its historical and methodological context is important in understanding how their writings framed and influenced subsequent interpretations of Africana faiths.
John Steinbeck's Beacon in Darkness: East of Eden as a Morals Paradigm for Sons
Authors: Heavilin Barbara A.
Published: June 2016

Like Viktor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning, Steinbeck's East of Eden centers around choices and responsibility, and he bases his story on a most memorable human choice: the biblical story of Cain and his deliberate choice to murder his brother, Abel. Robert DeMott states that “Steinbeck used Genesis (4:1–16) for the action, characterization, and title of his novel.” At its core and always in its backdrop, then, Steinbeck's Cain-and-Abel story in East of Eden sets forth a paradigm of right choice and right behavior for his two young sons. In truth, Steinbeck states clearly his intention to elucidate this biblical passage with greater scrutiny than it had ever undergone before, exploring its fuller meaning: “Certainly I do not think that the Cain-Abel story has ever been subjected to such scrutiny. Nor has any story been so fruitful of meaning.”
Computation of the Survival Probability of Brownian Motion with Drift When the Absorbing Boundary is a Piecewise Affine or Piecewise Exponential Function of Time
Authors: Guillaume Tristan
Published: June 2016

A closed form formula is provided for the probability, in a closed time interval, that an arithmetic Brownian motion remains under or above a sequence of three affine, one-sided boundaries (equivalently, for the probability that a geometric Brownian motion remains under or above a sequence of three exponential, one-sided boundaries). The numerical evaluation of this formula can be done instantly and with the accuracy required for all practical purposes. The method followed can be extended to sequences of absorbing boundaries of higher dimension. It is also applied to sequences of two-sided boundaries.