bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of emerging technologies to help measure fjordic biodiversity and blue carbon: mini-manned submarines and autonomous underwater vehicle swarms
Authors: Barnes David K. A. , Goodall-Copestake William , Weller Kara , Durrent Andrew , Souster Terri , Dunlop Kathy , Gossmann Theresa , Sands Chester J. , Morley Simon A. , Zwerschke Nadescha
Published: February 2023

Meaningful protection of global oceans lags far behind that of land and has taken little consideration of climate mitigation potential to date (such as through assessment of blue carbon stocks and change). With the new emphasis on synergistic approaches to the identification and conservation of both carbon- and species- rich habitats, we need much better knowledge of the geography and status of blue carbon habitats beyond coastal wetlands. In subpolar and polar regions, some blue carbon habitats are still emerging and work as negative (mitigating) feedback on climate change, yet remain unprotected despite strong evidence of threat overlap. Scientific research expeditions are gradually increasing our understanding, but appropriate vessels are a limiting factor due to high costs and carbon footprints. Even when available such vessels cannot access all areas (e.g. remote fjords with sills) and may struggle to measure certain aspects of habitats (e.g. steep or vertical surfaces). New technologies and opportunities have advanced to aid some of these problems, and here, two of them are considered, mini-manned submersibles and autonomous underwater vehicles. These two platforms have both become much more available and affordable (through novel partnerships) while also being much more scientifically capable. This technology has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint of science and particularly aid in assessing biology and environment status and change on steep sides, such as fjord walls.
The Upgraded Planck System of Units that Reaches from the Known Planck Scale All the Way Down to Subatomic Scales
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: February 2023

Natural systems of units $\{U_i\}$ need to be overhauled to include the dimensionless coupling constants $\{\upalpha_{U_i}\}$ of the natural forces. Otherwise, they cannot quantify all forces of nature in a unified manner. Thus, each force must furnish a system of units with at least one dimensional and one dimensionless constant. We revisit three natural systems of units (atomic, cosmological, and Planck). The Planck system is easier to rectify, and we do so in this work. The atomic system discounts $\{ G, \upalpha_G \}$, thus it cannot account for gravitation. The cosmological system discounts $\{ \slashed{h}, \upalpha_\slashed{h} \}$, thus it cannot account for quantum physics. Here, the symbols have their usual meanings; in particular, $\upalpha_G$ is the gravitational coupling constant and $\upalpha_\slashed{h}$ is Dirac's fine-structure constant. The speed of light $c$ and the impedance of free space $Z_0$ are resistive properties imposed by the vacuum itself, thus they must be present in all systems of units. The upgraded Planck system with fundamental units $${\rm UPS} \,:=\,\{ c, Z_0, G, \upalpha_G, \slashed{h}, \upalpha_\slashed{h}, \,\dots\,\!\},$$ describes all physical scales in the universe---it is nature's system of units. As such, it reveals a number of properties, most of which have been encountered previously in seemingly disjoint parts of physics, and some of which have been designated as mere coincidences. Based on the UPS results, that relate (sub)atomic scales to the Planck scale and the fine-structure constant to the Higgs field, we can state with confidence that no observed/measured physical properties are coincidental in this universe. Furthermore, we derive from first principles Koide's $K=2/3$ enigmatic constant and additional analogous quark and vector boson constants. These are formal mathematical proofs that justify a posteriori the use of geometric means in deriving the quark/boson mass ladder. This ladder allows us to also calculate the Higgs couplings to the vector bosons and the Weinberg angle in terms of only $K$.
Towards Minimizing Research Inequities in Africa: Lessons from the ARISE Programme
Authors: Ogega Obed , Matta Cherif
Published: February 2023

Through an ambitious development blueprint called Agenda 2063, Africa is on a mission to creating the ‘Africa We Want’ by the year 2063, centred on science, technology, and innovation. While the 2063 development agenda portends attainment of socio-economic development and prosperity in Africa, it brings with it an enormous need for strategic investment in research to ensure that no one is left behind. This paper presents insights from the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence (ARISE) programme on inclusive research capacity strengthening investment in Africa. The insights are drawn from a comprehensive candidate selection process for ARISE, from which 45 researchers (from a pool of 929 applicants) are recruited for ARISE Fellowships. The 45 early-to-mid-career researchers, 37% of which are women, are hosted in 45 institutions of higher learning located in 38 countries across Africa, conducting 5-year research fellowships with grants of up to €500,000 each. The insights from the ARISE programme contribute to the debate on effective approaches to programme scoping, design, and delivery, underscoring the need for consideration of scientific excellence in the context of diversity in research support capacity and investments across Africa.
Role of Perfusion Tomography in Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Amorim Robson , Silva Vinicius Trindade , Martins Henrique Oliveira , Brasil Sérgio , Godoy Daniel , Mendes Matheus Teixeira , Gattas Gabriel , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson , Paiva Wellingson
Published: February 2023

Introduction: CT perfusion (CTP) is an alternative tool to assess cerebral hemodynamics in brain trauma. As traumatic acute subdural hematomas (ASH) are severe lesions commonly associated with poor outcome, we aimed to evaluate the brain hemodynamics in this population. Methods: Five patients admitted at the emergency department sustaining traumatic acute subdural hematoma were evaluated. Preoperative CTP was performed immediately after nonenhanced head CT scan. Postoperative CTP was performed in four patients. The outcome was assessed 6 months after surgery using the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results: 4 male and 1 female were evaluated. Mean age was 46y (SD: 8.1). Mean preoperative midline brain shift was 10.1 mm (SD: 1.8). The main mechanism of trauma was falling (four patients). There was a general improvement in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after surgery from 23.9 (SD: 6.1) to 30.7 ml/100g/min, (SD: 5.1) and in mean transit time (MTT) from 7.3 (SD: 1.3) to 5.8s (SD:1.0), although it is not statistically significant (p=0.06 and p=0.06, respectively). There was still a reduction in the cerebral blood volume (CBV) media when compared to the value after surgery, from 2.63 (SD: 1.10) to 2.34 ml/100g (SD: 0.67), which is not statistically significant (p=0.31). Spearman correlation test of postoperative and preoperative CBF ratio with outcome was 0.94 (p=0.054). Only one patient died (three days after surgery). This patient was victim of car crash and had the highest preoperative MTT (9.97 seconds) and CBV (4.51 ml/100 g). Conclusion: Post-operative improvement of hemodynamic CTP parameters may be correlated with outcomes after ASH. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm this hypothesis.
Towards a derivation, within the framework of Tsallis statistics relativistic kinetic equation for a rarefied ideal gas system of high-energy particles
Authors: Kolesnichenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: February 2023

In this work we discuss the nonextensive kinetic theory for anomalous gas q-systems in a general relativistic framework. By including nonextensive effects in the collision term of the relativistic equation (violating Boltzmann molecular chaos hypothesis) and in a modified 4-vector expression for the q-entropy flux it is shown that the entropic Tsallis formalism preserves a local form of the relativistic H-theorem according to which the entropy growth in any point of space-time is never negative. It is shown that the local collision equilibrium (the zero-point entropy source term) is described by a generalized version of the Yuttner relativistic distribution. Using this distribution, the particle number, energy and entropy densities and the thermal equation of state for a relativistic q-gas of identical particles in the equilibrium state are determined explicitly. The results are reduced to the standard ones in the extensive limit, thus showing that the nonex-tensive entropic scheme can be consistent with the space-time ideas contained in the general rela-tivistic theory. The constructed kinetic equation is designed to describe a wide range of phenomena in as-trophysics, cosmology and high-energy physics, in particular, multiparticle production processes in relativistic collisions.
Peran Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Temanggung Dalam Melindungi Pekerja Perempuan Yang Bekerja Malam Hari
Authors: Winasis Agung Pandu , Astuti Wida
Published: February 2023

This study describes and examines the problems regarding the legal protection and supervision of woman workers who work at night by Labor Office of Temanggung Regency; as well as an obstacle when doing the legal protection and supervision of entrepreneurs who employ woman workers who work at night to Supervisor of Labor Office of Temanggung Regency. This research is empiric legal research which is descriptive.  In nature the data used in this research is primary data including primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection techniques used is interview at Labor Office of Temanggung Regency and Labor Supervision Unit of Magelang and also document study or library study used. Technical analysis is qualitative data analysis method with interactive model. The result shows the first one is that the used regulations of legal protection are Law No. 13 of 2003, Act of Indonesian Ministry of Labor and Transmigration No. KEP.224/MEN/2003, and Law No. 1 of 1970, protection done by seeing the rules about night workers in a companies at their Company Regulations and Collective Labor Agreement, as well as supervision is done by preventive and repressive supervision. The last one is there are some obstacles experienced when doing supervision specifically an internal obstacle and also external obstacle.
Analisis Tingkat Efektifitas Pelaksanaan Pendaftarkan Tanah Melalui Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Di Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Azizah Khafida Nur , Subekti Rahayu
Published: February 2023

Complete Systematic Land Registration is a land registration activity that is carried out simultaneously for all objects of land registration throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The author aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of land registration through the PTSL program implemented at the Boyolali District BPN Office. The formulation of the problem proposed is: how the implementation of land registration through the PTSL program at the Boyolali District BPN Office, and what supporting and inhibiting factors occurred during the PTSL program implementation. This legal research is empirical research. Data obtained by literature study and research directly from original sources in the form of interviews, which are then processed and analyzed by descriptive methods. The final conclusion of this study is to show that the implementation of land registration through the PTSL program has been running in accordance with the prevailing system structure in Permen N0. 6 of 2018, in the implementation process there are several obstacles and targets that have not been achieved but there is an increase in the achievement of targets every year. From these indicators the authors conclude that the implementation of PTSL has been quite effective.
Pelaksanaan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan Hotel Di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Saputri Christy Ayu , Raharjo Purwono Sungkowo
Published: February 2023

The Analysis of Hotel Building Permits Supervision and Implementation in Yogyakarta. This essay focuses on state administrative law in legal study program, law faculty, UNS Surakarta. This research aims to determine (1) yogyakarta city government's policy on Supervision in Granting Implementation of Hotel Building Permits in Yogyakarta; and (2) Yogyakarta City Government's role in controlling hotel construction to minimalize environmental impact. This research is a legal research empirical sociological approach. To achieve these objectives, the researcher used data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that: (1) to minimalize environmental impact loss caused by hotel construction, the City of Yogyakarta government issues a policy on controlling hotel construction through Yogyakarta Mayor Regulation No. 85 of 2018. The aim is to provide supervision and restrictions in granting permits for hotel construction. (2) New policy at the stage of supervision procedures for hotel construction requires cooperation between agencies namely DPMP and DPUPKP Yogyakarta City to verify field reviews, but the determination of the policy is not in line with the existing implementation so it is not effective. (3) The Environmental Permit from the Environment Agency or local authority has an important role in the process of minimizing the risk of environmental impacts. Mandatory of environmental impact assessment and UKL-UPL are one of the efforts to control and to plan that must be fulfilled by the initiator.
Efektivitas Balai Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Dalam Pemanfaatan Wisata Pada Hutan Lindung
Authors: Putra Rori Ardian , Waluyo Waluyo
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine whether the management of the Mangunan protected forest has been effective based on its function by applicable laws and regulations and to determine what factors influence the effectiveness of Mangunan protection forest management by the Yogyakarta Forest Management Unit. This research is prescriptive normative research with a statue approach. Types of legal materials used in this thesis are primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Legal material collection techniques used are document study or literature study (literature research) and interviews (interview). Then the analysis technique of this research is the deductive syllogism method which draws the major premise and then draws the minor premise so that conclusions can be drawn to answer the problems that exist in writing this law. The results showed that the function of the Mangunan protection forest based on the prevailing laws and regulations has not been effective. The economic and ecological functions have not been balance, due to weaknesses in the law, lack of human resources and infrastructure, as well as factors from people who are still less aware of the law and a high tourism culture that has the potential to increase the negative impact of tourism.
Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Hak Atas Tanah Terhadap Terbitnya Sertifikat Ganda di Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Baskara Chandra Handaru , Raharjo Purwono Sungkowo , Nugroho Asianto
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine and examine the legal protection for land rights holders and the factors that lead to the issuance of multiple certificates in Sukoharjo Regency. This research is a prescriptive normative or doctrinal legal research, using a statute approach. The research data was carried out at the ATR/BPN Office of Sukoharjo Regency. Sources of legal materials include primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. the technique of collecting legal materials is document study (library). The technique of analyzing legal materials uses the syllogism method through a deductive mindset. Based on the results of the research, in 2017 Sukoharjo Regency has started the PTSL program which has been started since 2010 through Prona, Proda and PTSL documents in land registration have been completed, so that the target of making Sukoharjo Regency a national pilot object as an Orderly Certificate Regency has been fulfilled. As for legal protection for the community due to land disputes due to the emergence of multiple certificates, the settlement effort by the Sukoharjo Regency BPN is based on the Decree of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 34 of 2007 and Technical Instructions Number 05/JUKNIS/DV/2007 on average through mediation. In the case of double certificates due to administrative defects, the settlement efforts by the BPN Sukoharjo Regency based on the Decree of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 11 of 2016 namely revocation and withdrawal of land rights certificates due to administrative defects, so as to create legal certainty for the parties, namely the certainty of subjects holding rights to land rights. land that is entitled and legally on the plot of land. The factors causing the issuance of multiple certificates include: a) ownership of the validity of the database has not been well documented at the Sukoharjo Regency BPN Office, b) self-benefit actions for land owners (community) as an element of intent to re-register certificates, BPN's negligence in implementing management ( bewerken) the land book document, c) the validity of the available information is limited/insufficient for the Base Map Map with the Land Office Computerism (LOC) application, d) the Autocad Map facility that can be used to bewerken the map at the Sukoharjo Regency BPN Office.
Analisa Kebijakan Hukum Government Drilling Dalam Pemanfaatan Energi Geotermal Pada Tata Kelola Lingkungan Hidup Berkelanjutan
Authors: Kartika Chendi Seta , Najicha Fatma Ulfatun
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis terkait kebijakan hukum government drilling dalam pemanfaatan energi geotermal yang sesuai pada tata kelola lingkungan hidup berkelanjutan. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deeskriptif dengan mempelajari bahan hukum yang berpusat pada kepustakaan, berfokus pada membaca serta menganalisis bahan primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu bahwa energi panas bumi merupakan energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan sehingga pemanfaatannya bisa berkelanjutan.  Tata kelola energi yang meliputi penyediaan, pemanfaatan dan pengusahaan harus dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Pembangunan berkelanjutan bertumpu pada tiga faktor yaitu kondisi sumber daya alam kualitas lingkungan, dan faktor kependudukan. Dalam tahapan studi kelayakan salah satunya adalah menjelaskan bahwa izin lingkungan diajukan pada tahapan eksplorasi yang pada dasarnya dilakukan pada saat izin dan/atau kegiatan telah dikeluarkan. Hal tersebut membuat bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup yang mengamanatkan izin lingkungan sebagai syarat diterbitkannya izin usaha dan/atau kegiatan.
Strategi Jurnalis Nasional dalam Isu-Isu Kritis
Authors: Maulida Amanda Syakira , Putri Aurellia , Rahmawati Kharisma Rizkika
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana jurnalis bekerja dalam menciptakan berita dalam ruang lingkup masyarakat di era digital yang sensitif dan penuh dengan isu krisis yang mudah menyebar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi jurnalis dalam merespon isu-isu kritis untuk kemudian menghasilkan berita yang berkualitas, memiliki kemampuan sekaligus kekuatan untuk membangkitkan kepercayaan publik. Metode yang digunakan adalah jenis metode penelitian kuantitatif berupa survei dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada wartawan untuk kemudian dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak boleh berpihak pada suatu kelompok, wartawan harus bersikap netral dan juga memiliki sikap berani dalam mengambil langkah-langkah membuat sebuah berita untuk mencapai hasil yang informatif dan faktual. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, wartawan percaya bahwa pembaca memiliki hak untuk bereaksi sesuai dengan apa yang mereka rasakan setelah menikmati berita untuk digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi dalam menciptakan karya mereka selanjutnya.
A Detailed Model of Magnetic Field Sources of the Earth’s Core Obtained by Solving the Inverse Problem of Magnetometry
Authors: Kochnev V.A.
Published: February 2023

—Magnetic field sources are sometimes approximated by magnetic dipoles or current loops. The usefulness of such approximations is not obvious at the initial stage of the study of objects. Investigating them in detail requires volumetric magnetic field sources. In this paper, they are represented by magnetized prisms. Such a model is valid due to the equivalence of current and magnetized objects. As there should be no real magnetization in the core, this property of a virtual prism to generate a magnetic field strength is referred to as virtual or effective magnetization (EM), which is determined for each prism by solving the inverse problem via the adaptive method. Initial data for solving the inverse problem are the Z vector components of the main magnetic field of the IGRF-2005 model in the geocentric coordinate system. Based on the effective magnetization and known formulas, the bulk current distribution, the bulk current density, and the magnetic moments of prisms of a two-layer core model are obtained. Their sum coincides with the magnetic moment of the virtual central dipole of the core, but, as many scientists assumed, the central dipole is not actually distinguished. At the same time, four significant inhomogeneities are identified in the core, which create the Canadian, Siberian-Asian, Australian, and negative South Atlantic global anomalies on the Earth’s surface. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, assumptions are made that the current generating the magnetic field is the motion of a positively weakly charged liquid of the core. Liquid motion is created by the rotation of the Earth and the decelerating gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun. Arguments are given to support these assumptions. The results are illustrated in figures.
Effect of Greater Occipital Nerve Block in Patients with Ocular Neuropathic Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Lee Jong Hwan , Park Woo Chan , Kim Tae Hyung , Lee Gang Hyun , Choi Jin Young , Lee Seung Cheol , Park Sang Yoong
Published: February 2023

Background:Ocular neuropathic pain (ONP) has various etiologies and substantially decreases the quality of life of patients. Theclinical management of patientswith ONP has been debated. Based on the convergence in the trigeminocervical complex, this study evaluated the effect of repeated greater occipital nerve block (GONB) for ONP.
Methods:Two hundred and four patients received a GONB every two weeks, up to 10 times. The posttreatmentoutcomes were measured using a pain relief scale at the next visit, with the first visit as the baseline (10).
Results: The differences and magnitude of decrease in the overall pain relief scale score (estimate=-0.55, p<0.001) were statistically significant. The changes in pain relief scale scores of eye pain (-0.54, p<0.001), dysesthesias/allodynia (-0.52, p<0.001), noneye pain (-0.39, p<0.001), visual disturbance (-0.38, p<0.001) and tearing (-0.52, p<0.001) were also statistically significant between the assessment time points.
Conclusions:Although it is premature to recommend repeated GONB for the management of ONP, it can be used as an effective technique.
Trial registration: Registered this study in the Clinical Research Information Service of Republic of Korea (no. KCT0007615) on October 26, 2022
Consistent Epistemic Planning for Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wu Peiliang , Luo ShiCheng , Tian LiQiang , Mao BingYi , Chen enbai
Published: February 2023

Multi-agent cooperation needs to reason about beliefs in the partially observable environment without communication, but the traditional Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) algorithm struggles to handle the uncertainty of agents. Multi-agent Epistemic planning (MEP) tries to let the agent find a best plan to complete the cooperation task, so as to more effectively solve the uncertainty. However, inconsistent planning arises if the MADRL only adds MEP. We propose a MADRL-based policy network architecture called SMM-MEPP: Shared Mental Model - Multi-agent Epistemic Planning Policy. Firstly, Multi-agent Epistemic Planning and MADRL are investigated to build the "Perception-Planning-Action" multi-agent epistemic planning framework. Then, mental model in psychology is introduced and descript as a neural network. Thirdly, parameter sharing mechanism is utilized to achieve the shared mental model and maintain the consistency of epistemic planning. Finally, we apply the SMM-MEPP architecture to three advanced MADRL algorithms (i.e., MAAC, MADDPG and MAPPO) and conduct comparative experiments in multi-agent cooperation tasks. Experiments show that the proposed method can bring consistent planning for multiple agents, and improves convergence speed or training effect in partially observable environment without communication.
Knockdown of BMI1 is sensitive to Paclitaxel in cervical and endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhao Yiting , Lin Yan , Yang Weili , Chen Jun , Jin Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

Background
BMI1, a critical member of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1, plays a key role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence; however, abnormal expression of BMI1 is associated with the occurrence and progression of tumors, chemotherapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis.
Methods
In this study, we used the TCGA and CPTAC database to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of BMI1 in cervical and endometrial cancer. Next, we analyzed the protein expression level of BMI1 in 40 pairs of human cervical cancer (CC) tissue samples and 12 pairs of endometrial cancer (EC) tissue samples by IHC Analysis. Western blotting and RT‑qPCR were used to detect the changes of mRNA and protein levels in CC and EC cells after BMI1 knockdown. Additionally, the function of BMI1 in CC and EC cancer cells were studied through cell functional experiments. Finally, we assessed the synergic anti-growth effect of shBMI1 combine with paclitaxel (PTX) treatment by assay.
Results
Mining the data from TCGA database, the mRNA level of BMI1 was significantly high in several malignant tumors, but not in CC and EC. However, through the TCGA database, high mRNA levels of BMI1 were associated with the pathological type of CC, and high protein levels of BMI1 were related to the pathological type and tumor grade of EC via the CPTAC database. Furthermore, the BMI1 protein level is overexpressed in cancer tissues of CC and EC compared with normal tissues, as detected by IHC analysis, and the clinical data indicate that the expression of BMI1correlates with the pathological differentiation of the two cancers. Additionally, we showed that high expression of BMI1 in vitro promoted the proliferation and migration of CC and EC cells. Moreover, CC and EC cells with low BMI1 expression were more sensitive to the paclitaxel (PTX).
Conclusions
Our results show that BMI1 is overexpressed in the tumor tissues of CC and EC patients and provides potential information for the treatment of PTX by targeting the oncogenic protein BMI1 in patients with high BMI1 expression.
The Impact of New Space Entails Sustainability on Earth
Authors: Lamboglia Elisabetta , Mogha Vedant , Cambone Giulia
Published: February 2023

New Space is shifting satellites’ value to the actionable services they can deliver, and their potential for change in our approach to space. An agile mission design enhances data accessibility and innovation, adopting lower budgets and shorter schedules.
In this paper we show that New Space entails sustainability for both the upstream and downstream elements of a space mission. We delved into the benefits that such a paradigm shift of space delivers to multi-dimensions of sustainability: economic, socioeconomic, and environmental.
We assess how leaner satellite manufacturing allows the acceleration of design, development, and processes. Involving smaller actors and enlarging the horizons to unprecedented jobs deployment. Furthermore, New Space can reduce the environmental footprint of space activities.
We demonstrate how Earth Observation (EO) data is transformed into added-value insight, and how it tackles the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Thereby, this article promotes today’s sustainable contribution up to space, thus empowering the next generation to live in a greener future, stemming from space.
Impact of sugars on kidney stone formation
Authors: Bottrill Odin , Graham Alex , Boon Matthew , Mocerino Mauro , Jones Franca
Published: February 2023

Various studies have found a trend connecting diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate malabsorption syndromes to kidney stone formation. However, it is unclear what the underlying mechanism causing this impact is. An important aim of this work was to investigate whether some of this correlation is due to the underlying chemistry of sugars as crystal growth modifiers. Thus, the impact of major dietary monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) and disaccharides (lactose, sucrose) on the formation of calcium oxalate, a major component of kidney stones, was investigated. Evaluating the impact of monosaccharides on the nucleation of calcium oxalate shows that generally, a promotion in the nucleation rate of particles is seen. Evidence was also obtained of monosaccharides being present within the crystal, showing a close association between the sugars and calcium oxalate. In the case where lactose was present there was also an obvious promotion of nucleation in the solution. This may give context to the observed incidence of stones in lactose-intolerant patients. When sucrose was present as an additive an interaction with both the crystal and the solution ions was observed. This sucrose-ion interaction has been observed previously in literature. There is minimal impact of most sugars on the zeta potential of particles formed. Only the presence of galactose and lactose showed some interaction on zeta potential when zinc ions were also present. The results presented in this work suggests that sugars in urine can promote calcium oxalate formation and agglomeration and as such may suggest a chemical basis, in addition to a biological basis, to the higher prevalence of stones in diabetic patients. This work, therefore, may assist in understanding what the role of dietary sugar malabsorption has on the formation of kidney stones.
Correlation of wood properties with chemical composition and microstructure of wood components
Authors: Cheng Liting , Zhao Peng , Di Yajing , Dai Jian , Wang Wei
Published: February 2023

In order to investigate the nature of the change of wood properties, to understand and master the deterioration mechanism of wood properties, this paper takes the wooden components replaced during the renovation of the Guhuaxuan in the Imperial Palace as the research object, nondestructive testing technology, chemical composition analysis and electron microscope scanning(SEM) analysis were adopted to study the changes of the chemical composition and microstructure of the wooden components, so as to establish the correlation between the macroscopic performance of wood and its chemical composition and microstructure. The results showed that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degraded to a certain extent after the wood was used for a period of time under the influence of visible light, temperature and water, and the components and degrees of degradation were different at different locations. The correlation between heterocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin and wood component density and modulus of elasticity (Ed) are good, and the order was α-cellulose > heterocellulose > lignin. The density and crystallinity of wood components are positively correlated with Ed.
Dyslipidemia trends in young adults: a population-based longitudinal study in Xinjiang,China
Authors: Zhi Xiao-Yu , Zheng Ying-Ying , Wang Zhi-Long , Suna Chang-Hao , Yin Xin , Liu Yi-Tian , Wu Ting-Ting , Xie Xiang
Published: February 2023

Aim: To clarify the prevalence of dyslipidemia and trends in changes in lipid profile in young college students.
Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal study. A sample of 937 students from Xinjiang Medical University was included. All baseline data and blood lipid tests obtained from 2018 and 2021 physical exams were evaluated. The trends are computed using linear regression.
Results: Compared with 2018, the incidence of dyslipidemia increased significantly in 2021, and the mean values of body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased, while the mean values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly. In the sub-analysis of sex, ethnicity, and BMI groups, we found that the values of the cardiovascular risk components were higher in males than in females, and that the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia over three years was more specific in males than in females. Differences in blood lipid composition across ethnic groups were more pronounced in 2021, with significant increases in the prevalence of low LDL-C and dyslipidemia within the Han, Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups, as well as among lean, normal, overweight and obese groups based on BMI nutritional status. The rate of dyslipidemia increases with BMI. The incidence of high TG, high LDL-C and low HDL-C was significantly higher in the obese group than in the other groups. The results of linear regression revealed that, in total students (R2 =0.315), Sex (β=-1.125, P<0.001), SBP (β=0.034, P=0.002), DBP (β=0.058, P<0.001), TG (β=1.047, P<0.001), HDL (β=-2.474, P<0.001) were the independent risk factors of BMI.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increasing trend of dyslipidemia in young adults, which enriches the limited data on early changes in lipid profiles and gives insight into the distress of dyslipidemia in young adults.
Research on the Simulation of Catering Multi-component Gas Transport
Authors: Lu Zhongliang , WEI Xuanxuan , Gao Sudi , Fang Zheng , Guan Yiyao
Published: February 2023

In order to explore the effects of multi-component gases and aerosol emitted by restaurants on the surrounding residents, a low-rise residential building of the certain adjacent dining street in Jiaozuo City was selected as the research object. We regarded the surrounding restaurants that emited soot as a source of pollution. After using solid-works to establish the geometric model, we compared several different computational fluid dynamics models and proposed a multi-component transport model suitable for this situation. Finally, we used ANSYS Icepak software to deal with multi-component gas in the residential building and numerically simulated its distribution. The results of flow field and internal and external pressure distribution were obtained by simulation calculation. Because the airflow field generated eddy currents within it, it not only became the power source of pollutants, but also expanded the pollution area. Besides, for the harmful substances appeared in the same building, the higher concentration that had much more serious impact on the upper dwellers inside of the building distributed at the level. These provided a theoretical basis for mastering the distribution of soot, we can use it to fundamentally reduce the impact of soot emissions on residents' health.
Teachers’ experiences of in-service training on inclusive education: a South African perspective
Authors: Nembambula Tshililo Annah , Ooko Mary , Aluko Ruth
Published: February 2023

The object of this research: The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore and describe teachers’ experiences of in-service training on inclusive education. While diverse literature has dealt with teachers’ experiences of in-service training programmes and the conceptualization of inclusive education, the majority of these studies show limited focus on in-service training programmes tailored according to identified classroom needs.

Methods: This study adopted a phenomenological research design. The purposive and conveniently selected 8 participants enrolled in the BEd Honours (Learning Support) distance education programme participated in the study. Furthermore, the study’s data collection process involved telephonic semi-structured interviews. The study used a thematic data analysis method.

The main scientific results: The findings in this study indicated that the themes of learning barriers and inclusive education training. Moreover, the findings indicated that BEd Honours is informative and necessary for professional development; however, some participants shared concerns about the limited application material in the training programme.

The area of practical use of the research results: This is for teachers in the in-service training. By identifying and uncovering teachers’ needs to implement inclusive education, these findings can be used to improve in-service training programmes
The biological and environmental features of reproduction and distribution of dominant harmful organisms in modern conditions
Authors: Dolia Mykola , Khemelnytskyy Vasyl , Moroz Serhii , Sakhnenko Dmytro , Humeniuk Liudmyla , Mamchur Denys
Published: February 2023

The article presents research on the features of reproduction of dominant pests of species of organisms in agrobiocenoses growing cereals, leguminous crops, sunflowers and flowers. The article describes the latest ways to control a complex of soil harmful insect species in short-rotation field crop, as well as aerogenic harmful organisms in the integrated use of plant protection products of nutrition systems. In addition, we have identified individual levels of biologically oriented mechanisms of self-regulation of harmful organisms with measures to stabilize the functioning of agrocenoses, which are supplied with natural adaptive reactions in trophic chains.

In the region of observations, the complex of pests is controlled by spiders, nematodes, mites, pathogens, predators and parasites. A variety of causative agents of bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoal diseases of phytophagous insects deserve special attention.

Parasites and predators appear everywhere with trophic chains in 16 rows of the insect class. In recent years, predatory species of ground beetles from a number of Hymenoptera insects that feed on aphids on corn crops with unreasonable intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers have acquired significant importance.

The use of compositions of insecticide + UAN, 32 % for seed treatment of grain crops, allows to save mineral nutrition and get an increase in grain yield up to 27 %. This helps to optimize the state of cenoses and obtain high-quality grain while reducing the cost. Measures have been developed to realize the productivity potential of field crops and flowers through low-cost plant protection measures and to determine the mechanisms for controlling the number of phytophages and the development of dominant types of diseases according to the characteristics of their biology and ecology
Application of Ultrasonographic Imaging to Determine Sole Horn Thickness in the Bovine Claw
Authors: Van Amstel Sarel R.
Published: February 2023

Maintaining adequate sole horn thickness is becoming an important consideration in lameness prevention in large dairy operations. Due to a number of managemental, nutritional and environmental factors, the rate of wear often exceeds the rate of sole horn growth. This situation is often exacerbated by poor claw trimming techniques, resulting in overly thin soles predisposing to lameness. Non-invasive determination of sole thickness have been dependant on indirect methods, including a) compression of the sole horn using finger pressure or hoof testers, b) using a correlation between dorsal wall length and sole thickness, and c) using the white line as a guide to determine sole depth. The use of ultrasound to determine sole depth has been described using cadaver feet. This has not been used in live cattle. The purpose of this study is a) to test the method in live dairy cows and b) to evaluate sole thickness in cows that have been trimmed according to the method described by Toussaint Raven, also referred to as the Dutch method.
Effect of Non-nutritional Factors on Milk Urea Nitrogen Levels in Holstein Dairy Cows
Authors: Arunvipas Pipat , VanLeeuwen John , Dohoo Ian , Keefe Greg
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on milk urea nitrogen of non-nutritional factors such as parity, days in milk, milk production, milk quality and milk components.
Development and Validation of a Pruritic Index to Assess the Impact of Chorioptic Mange Infestation in Dairy Cows
Authors: Day Kathleen , Leslie Ken , Duffield Todd , Jansen Jocelyn , Sears William , Dohoo Ian , Sanchez Javier
Published: February 2023

Recent studies reported a significant negative association between presence of mange lesions and reduced milk production in early lactation. In addition, there was a significant positive production response to moxidectin therapy in the transition period. However, the biological reasons for these effects were not described. It is suspected that mange infestation results in intense pruritis and decreased dry matter intake. This experiment sought to develop and validate a semi-quantitative scoring system to categorize the degree of pruritis in mange-infested dairy cattle. In addition, the association between Pruritic Index Score, Mange Lesion Score, presence of Chorioptes mites, measures of productivity, and response to endectocide treatment in Ontario dairy cattle was examined.
Immunology of the Bovine Neonate
Authors: Nagy Dusty W. , Tyler Jeff W.
Published: February 2023

Disease of the bovine neonate can be prevalent and devastating to the producer. The diseases common to neonates are not unique to this age group. However, many are uncommon causes of clinical disease in older animals. The importance of colostrum immunoglobulin transfer in calf health is undisputed. However, the role of epithelial barrier mechanisms, cell mediated immunity, complement cascade, and the development of the calf’s endogenous immunoglobulin are often overlooked. Differential maturation of the immune response is a major contributor to the timing of common diseases in the bovine neonate, In addition, management procedures may adversely affect some of these early protective mechanisms. Understanding the maturation of the immune system in the postpartum calf sheds light on the unique pattern of diseases seen in the bovine neonate.
Association Between Persistently Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-Infected Calves and Pen Levels of Morbidity and Mortality in an Iowa Feedlot
Authors: O'Connor A. M. , Sorden S. D. , Apley M. D.
Published: February 2023

As persistently infected (PI) cattle are the primary reservoirs of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle populations, there is general agreement that effective control of BVDV-induced losses requires the detection and elimination of these carriers from dairy and cowcalf herds. However, the significance of the presence of PI calves in pens of feedlot cattle is unknown. Our long-range goal is to determine whether identification and removal of PI calves prior to shipment to feedlots would be economically advantageous to feeders, and if such testing should be incorporated into preconditioning programs. As the first step toward answering this question, the objective of this study is to determine whether differences exist in morbidity and mortality in groups of calves that include PI calves and groups that do not include PI calves. If PI calves negatively impact morbidity and mortality, then future studies can be designed to examine the feasibility and economic impact of including BVDV PI testing in preconditioning programs.
Importance of Teat Canal Closure and Other Risk Factors On Dry Period Intramammary Infections
Authors: Dingwell R. T. , Leslie K. E. , Timms L. L. , Kelton D. F. , Schukken Y. H.
Published: February 2023

For the first few weeks after drying-off, and then again immediately prior to calving, cows are at increased risk for developing new intramammary infections (IMI). Research supports that this susceptibility is related to variations in the teat streak canal as well as inherent biochemical and cellular changes occurring in the udder. The time in which the udder is most resistant to dry-period infections is when it has become fully involuted, and when each quarter has formed a natural teat streak canal keratin plug which acts as a physical barrier to close the teat canal. Recent research has been published demonstrating that not all quarters become closed by the teat canal keratin plug, and that dry period clinical mastitis is more likely to occur in quarters that do not close. In addition, products administered at drying-off which act as an inert physical barrier to ensure teat canal closure during the dry period ( OrbeSeal®) have been shown to be efficacious in preventing new IMI. Hence, risk factors associated with teat canal closure would be important to identify.
Impact of Sealant Adherence on the Efficacy of a Dry Cow Teat Sealant in Reducing the Level of Intramammary Infection in Nonlactating Dairy Cows
Authors: Lim G. , Leslie K. , Kelton D. , TenHag J. , Kerbler T. , Day K.
Published: February 2023

The conventional approach to eliminate and prevent new intramammary infections over the dry period is to infuse all quarters with a long-acting dry cow antibiotic. However, this approach is hot without controversy, and alternative methods aimed at teat-end protection have been developed. The use of an external teat sealant to form a physical barrier is one such example. The objective of this study was to determine if application of a dry cow teat sealant at drying-off significantly reduced the level of infection at calving, and the impact of sealant adherence on achieving this outcome.
New Paradigms for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Authors: Chase C. C. L. , Elmowalid G. , Braun L. J. , Ridpath J. F.
Published: February 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) continues to be the bane of the US beef and dairy industry. BVDV infections cause clinical signs that vary from peracute death to inapparent infection. Even these inapparent BVDV infections can result in persistent infection (PI) of susceptible fetuses. The macrophage expresses cell surface markers that are important for phagocytosis and bacteria killing, and also for stimulation of T helper cells and for immune surveillance and killing by cytotoxic T cells (CTL). In this study, our objective was to measure the effect of BVDV on the macrophage function (phagocytosis and pathogen killing) and surface marker expression (CD14, MHCI and MHCII).
Relationship between Milk Urea Nitrogen and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Arunvipas Pipat , VanLeeuwen John , Dohoo Ian , Keefe Greg
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and first service breeding success on dairy farms.
Evidence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection in Two White-Tail Deer in Southeastern South Dakota
Authors: Chase C. C. L. , Braun L. J. , Leslie-Steen P. , Graham T. , Miskimins D. , Ridpath J. F.
Published: February 2023

The role of wildlife reservoirs continues to be a major unknown in the epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Serological data indicates that a wide range of wild ruminants have BVDV antibodies. BVDV has been isolated from a mule deer in Wyoming. In this report we examine the gross, histological and virological findings of two isolations of BVDV in whitetail deer in southeastern South Dakota in areas with concentrations of feedlot, dairy and cow-calf operations.