bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transgender as a Humanitarian Category
Authors: Saleh Fadi
Published: January 2020

In this article, the author foregrounds transgender as a useful category of analysis to shed light on the issue of gender variance and its articulations within the encounter between Syrian queer and gender-variant refugees and the humanitarian-asylum complex. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Syrian queer and gender-variant refugees in Istanbul in 2014 and 2015, this article contends that transgender as a term first circulates among the queer and gender-variant circles as a thinkable possibility primarily through its function as a humanitarian category, especially as propagated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). By highlighting this specific encounter, the author attempts to demonstrate, however, that rather than focusing on what the term does to the persons it interpellates, one must map out and document the ways the term is taken up and negotiated by the Syrian queer and gender-variant populations themselves, a method that could help ameliorate the negativity attached to transgender as a Western term and show that other systems of identification and histories of gender variance in the Syrian or Syrian diasporic contexts do not simply disappear or are subsumed by transgender, but are further complicated by it and continue to exist alongside it.
Characterization of the human GnRH neuron developmental transcriptome using a GNRH1-TdTomato reporter line in human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Lund Carina , Yellapragada Venkatram , Vuoristo Sanna , Balboa Diego , Trova Sara , Allet Cecile , Eskici Nazli , Pulli Kristiina , Giacobini Paolo , Tuuri Timo , Raivio Taneli
Published: January 2020

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons provide a fundamental signal for the onset of puberty and subsequent reproductive functions by secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Their disrupted development or function leads to congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). To model the development of human GnRH neurons, we generated a stable GNRH1-TdTomato reporter cell line in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. RNA-sequencing of the reporter clone, differentiated into GnRH neurons by dual SMAD inhibition and FGF8 treatment, revealed 6461 differentially expressed genes between progenitors and GnRH neurons. Expression of the transcription factor ISL1, one of the top 50 most upregulated genes in the TdTomato-expressing GnRH neurons, was confirmed in 10.5 gestational week-old human fetal GnRH neurons. Among the differentially expressed genes, we detected 15 genes that are implicated in CHH and several genes that are implicated in human puberty timing. Finally, FGF8 treatment in the neuronal progenitor pool led to upregulation of 37 genes expressed both in progenitors and in TdTomato-expressing GnRH neurons, which suggests upstream regulation of these genes by FGF8 signaling during GnRH neuron differentiation. These results illustrate how hPSC-derived human GnRH neuron transcriptomic analysis can be utilized to dissect signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks involved in human GnRH neuron development.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Gallbladder wall abnormality in biliary atresia of mouse Sox17+/− neonates and human infants
Authors: Uemura Mami , Higashi Mayumi , Pattarapanawan Montri , Takami Shohei , Ichikawa Naoki , Higashiyama Hiroki , Furukawa Taizo , Fujishiro Jun , Fukumura Yuki , Yao Takashi , Tajiri Tatsuro , Kanai-Azuma Masami , Kanai Yoshiakira
Published: January 2020

Biliary atresia (BA) is characterized by the inflammation and obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs) in newborn infants. SOX17 is a master regulator of the fetal EHBDs formation. In mouse Sox17+/− BA models, SOX17 reduction causes cell-autonomous epithelial shedding together with the ectopic appearance of SOX9-positive cystic duct-like epithelia in the gallbladder walls, resulting in the BA-like symptoms during the perinatal period. However, the similarities with the human BA gallbladders are still unclear. In the present study, we conducted the phenotypic analysis with the Sox17+/− BA neonate mice, in order to compare with the gallbladder wall phenotype of human BA infants. The most characteristic phenotype of the Sox17+/− BA gallbladders is the ectopic appearance of SOX9-positive peribiliary glands (PBGs), so-called pseudopyloric glands (PPGs). Next we examined SOX17/SOX9 expression profiles of human gallbladders in thirteen BA infants. Among them, five BA cases showed a loss or drastic reduction of SOX17-positive signals throughout the whole region of gallbladder epithelia (SOX17-low group). Even in the remaining eight gallbladders (SOX17-high group), the epithelial cells near the decidual sites were frequently reduced in the SOX17-positive signal intensity. Most interestingly, the most characteristic phenotype of human BA gallbladders is the increased density of PBG/PPG-like glands in the gallbladder body, especially near the epithelial decidual site, indicating the PBG/PPG formation as a common phenotype between human BA and mouse Sox17+/− BA gallbladders. These findings provide the first evidence of the potential contribution of SOX17 reduction and PBG/PPG formation to the early pathogenesis in human BA gallbladders.
Genetic background modifies phenotypic severity and longevity in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick disease type C1
Authors: Rodriguez-Gil Jorge L. , Watkins-Chow Dawn E. , Baxter Laura L. , Elliot Gene , Harper Ursula L. , Wincovitch Stephen M. , Wedel Julia C. , Incao Arturo A. , Huebecker Mylene , Boehm Frederick J. , Garver William S. , Porter Forbes D. , Broman Karl W. , Platt Frances M. , Pavan William J.
Published: January 2020

Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. These subcellular pathologies lead to phenotypes of hepatosplenomegaly, neurological degeneration and premature death. NPC1 is extremely heterogeneous in the timing of clinical presentation and is associated with a wide spectrum of causative NPC1 mutations. To study the genetic architecture of NPC1, we have generated a new NPC1 mouse model, Npc1em1Pav. Npc1em1Pav/em1Pav mutants showed notably reduced NPC1 protein compared to controls and displayed the pathological and biochemical hallmarks of NPC1. Interestingly, Npc1em1Pav/em1Pav mutants on a C57BL/6J genetic background showed more severe visceral pathology and a significantly shorter lifespan compared to Npc1em1Pav/em1Pav mutants on a BALB/cJ background, suggesting that strain-specific modifiers contribute to disease severity and survival. QTL analysis for lifespan of 202 backcross N2 mutants on a mixed C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ background detected significant linkage to markers on chromosomes 1 and 7. The discovery of these modifier regions demonstrates that mouse models are powerful tools for analyzing the genetics underlying rare human diseases, which can be used to improve understanding of the variability in NPC1 phenotypes and advance options for patient diagnosis and therapy.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
YAP/TAZ functions and their regulation at a glance
Authors: Pocaterra Arianna , Romani Patrizia , Dupont Sirio
Published: January 2020

YAP and TAZ proteins are transcriptional coactivators encoded by paralogous genes, which shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in response to multiple inputs, including the Hippo pathway. In the nucleus, they pair with DNA-binding factors of the TEAD family to regulate gene expression. Nuclear YAP/TAZ promote cell proliferation, organ overgrowth, survival to stress and dedifferentiation of post-mitotic cells into their respective tissue progenitors. YAP/TAZ are required for growth of embryonic tissues, wound healing and organ regeneration, where they are activated by cell-intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Surprisingly, this activity is dispensable in many adult self-renewing tissues, where YAP/TAZ are constantly kept in check. YAP/TAZ lay at the center of a complex regulatory network including cell-autonomous factors but also cell- and tissue-level structural features such as the mechanical properties of the cell microenvironment, the establishment of cell–cell junctions and of basolateral tissue polarity. Enhanced levels and activity of YAP/TAZ are observed in many cancers, where they sustain tumor growth, drug resistance and malignancy. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the biological functions of YAP/TAZ and their regulatory mechanisms, and highlight their position at the center of a complex signaling network.
Mutually Consistent Revealed Preference Demand Predictions
Authors: Adams Abi
Published: January 2020

Revealed preference restrictions are increasingly used to predict demand behavior at new budgets of interest and as shape restrictions in nonparametric estimation exercises. However, the restrictions imposed are not sufficient for rationality when predictions are made at multiple budgets. I highlight the non-convexities in the set of predictions that arise when making multiple predictions. I develop a mixed integer programming characterization of the problem that can be used to impose rationality on multiple predictions. The approach is applied to the UK Family Expenditure Survey to recover rational demand predictions with substantially reduced computational resources compared to known alternatives. (JEL C61, D11, D12)
Case Report: Primary ganglioneuroblastoma occurrence in lower thoracic spine
Authors: Islam Masuma , Khurram Zia Muhammad , Ifra asad Syeda , Hassan Syed Zawahir , Salam Osama , Mazhar Saeed , Jawad Gohar , Nafees Taha
Published: January 2020

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a neural tissue neoplasm, which is derived from the neural crest cells. It is mostly seen in the pediatric population but is very rarely found in the lower thoracic spine. Here, we report a rare case of ganglioneuroblstoma occurrence in the lower thoracic spine. A 2.5-year-old boy presented with spinal compression symptoms and on magnetic resonance imaging, a mass was identified over T10 to L1. The tumor showed round blue cells and mature ganglion cells with hypermitotic activity. Immunohistochemical synaptophysin and neurofilament staining was positive, confirming the diagnosis. The patient showed significant improvement after surgical excision of the tumor. This is the first reported case of ganglioneuroblastoma in the lower thoracic spine that was successfully treated in Pakistan.
Food as circadian time cue for appetitive behavior
Authors: Mistlberger Ralph E.
Published: January 2020

Feeding schedules entrain circadian clocks in multiple brain regions and most peripheral organs and tissues, thereby synchronizing daily rhythms of foraging behavior and physiology with times of day when food is most likely to be found. Entrainment of peripheral clocks to mealtime is accomplished by multiple feeding-related signals, including absorbed nutrients and metabolic hormones, acting in parallel or in series in a tissue-specific fashion. Less is known about the signals that synchronize circadian clocks in the brain with feeding time, some of which are presumed to generate the circadian rhythms of food-anticipatory activity that emerge when food is restricted to a fixed daily mealtime. In this commentary, I consider the possibility that food-anticipatory activity rhythms are driven or entrained by circulating ghrelin, ketone bodies or insulin. While evidence supports the potential of these signals to participate in the induction or amount of food-anticipatory behavior, it falls short of establishing either a necessary or sufficient role or accounting for circadian properties of anticipatory rhythms. The availability of multiple, circulating signals by which circadian oscillators in many brain regions might entrain to mealtime has supported a view that food-anticipatory rhythms of behavior are mediated by a broadly distributed system of clocks. The evidence, however, does not rule out the possibility that multiple peripheral and central food-entrained oscillators and feeding-related signals converge on circadian oscillators in a defined location which ultimately set the phase and gate the expression of anticipatory activity rhythms. A candidate location is the dorsal striatum, a core component of the neural system which mediates reward, motivation and action and which contains circadian oscillators entrainable by food and dopaminergic drugs. Systemic metabolic signals, such as ghrelin, ketones and insulin, may participate in circadian food anticipation to the extent that they modulate dopamine afferents to circadian clocks in this area.
Measures of family planning service quality associated with contraceptive discontinuation: an analysis of Measurement, Learning & Evaluation (MLE) project data from urban Kenya
Authors: Feeser Karla , Chakraborty Nirali M. , Calhoun Lisa , Speizer Ilene S.
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Several measures to assess family planning service quality (FPQ) exist, yet there is limited evidence on their association with contraceptive discontinuation. Using data from the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation (MLE) Project, this study investigates the association between FPQ and discontinuation-while-in-need without switching in five cities in Kenya. Two measures of FPQ are examined – the Method Information Index (MII) and a comprehensive service delivery point (SDP) assessment rooted in the Bruce Framework for FPQ.

Methods: Three models were constructed: two to assess MII reported in household interviews (as an ordinal and binary variable) among 1,033 FP users, and one for facility-level quality domains among 938 FP users who could be linked to a facility type included in the SDP assessment. Cox proportional hazards ratios were estimated where the event of interest was discontinuation-while-in-need without switching. Facility-level FPQ domains were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using SDP assessment data from 124 facilities.

Results: A woman’s likelihood of discontinuation-while-in-need was approximately halved whether she was informed of one aspect of MII (HR: 0.45, p < 0.05), or all three (HR: 0.51, p < 0.01) versus receiving no information, when MII was assessed as an ordinal variable. Six facility-level quality domains were identified in EFA. Higher scores in information exchange, privacy, autonomy & dignity and technical competence were associated with a reduced risk of discontinuation-while-in-need (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The MII has potential as an actionable metric for FPQ monitoring at the health facility level. Furthermore, family planning facilities and programs should emphasize information provision and client-centered approaches to care alongside technical competence in the provision of FP care.
Metric partnerships: global burden of disease estimates within the World Bank, the World Health Organisation and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Authors: Tichenor Marlee , Sridhar Devi
Published: January 2020

The global burden of disease study—which has been affiliated with the World Bank and the World Health Organisation (WHO) and is now housed in the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)—has become a very important tool to global health governance since it was first published in the 1993 World Development Report. In this article, based on literature review of primary and secondary sources as well as field notes from public events, we present first a summary of the origins and evolution of the GBD over the past 25 years. We then analyse two illustrative examples of estimates and the ways in which they gloss over the assumptions and knowledge gaps in their production, highlighting the importance of historical context by country and by disease in the quality of health data. Finally, we delve into the question of the end users of these estimates and the tensions that lie at the heart of producing estimates of local, national, and global burdens of disease. These tensions bring to light the different institutional ethics and motivations of IHME, WHO, and the World Bank, and they draw our attention to the importance of estimate methodologies in representing problems and their solutions in global health. With the rise in the investment in and the power of global health estimates, the question of representing global health problems becomes ever more entangled in decisions made about how to adjust reported numbers and to evolving statistical science. Ultimately, more work needs to be done to create evidence that is relevant and meaningful on country and district levels, which means shifting resources and support for quantitative—and qualitative—data production, analysis, and synthesis to countries that are the targeted beneficiaries of such global health estimates.
New in the Legislation on Individual Investors
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: January 2020

In July of this year, the Russian Parliament adopted Federal Law No. 306-FZ, which signifi cantly increased the level of protection of the rights and business interests of individual investors in the fi nancial market.
Dynamic Assortment Optimization for Reusable Products with Random Usage Durations
Authors: Rusmevichientong Paat , Sumida Mika , Topaloglu Huseyin
Published: January 2020

We consider dynamic assortment problems with reusable products, in which each arriving customer chooses a product within an offered assortment, uses the product for a random duration of time, and returns the product back to the firm to be used by other customers. The goal is to find a policy for deciding on the assortment to offer to each customer so that the total expected revenue over a finite selling horizon is maximized. The dynamic-programming formulation of this problem requires a high-dimensional state variable that keeps track of the on-hand product inventories, as well as the products that are currently in use. We present a tractable approach to compute a policy that is guaranteed to obtain at least 50% of the optimal total expected revenue. This policy is based on constructing linear approximations to the optimal value functions. When the usage duration is infinite or follows a negative binomial distribution, we also show how to efficiently perform rollout on a simple static policy. Performing rollout corresponds to using separable and nonlinear value function approximations. The resulting policy is also guaranteed to obtain at least 50% of the optimal total expected revenue. The special case of our model with infinite usage durations captures the case where the customers purchase the products outright without returning them at all. Under infinite usage durations, we give a variant of our rollout approach whose total expected revenue differs from the optimal by a factor that approaches 1 with rate cubic-root of Cmin, where Cmin is the smallest inventory of a product. We provide computational experiments based on simulated data for dynamic assortment management, as well as real parking transaction data for the city of Seattle. Our computational experiments demonstrate that the practical performance of our policies is substantially better than their performance guarantees and that performing rollout yields noticeable improvements.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
How Fast Should Trades Settle?
Authors: Khapko Mariana , Zoican Marius
Published: January 2020

Recent regulatory and industry initiatives aim to streamline post-trade infrastructures. Does faster settlement benefit markets? We build a model of intermediated trading with imperfectly competitive securities lending. Faster settlement benefits impatient traders but increases borrowing needs. We find that flexible failure-to-deliver penalties reduce this tension, disciplining security lender competition and allowing for real-time settlement. Optimal penalties resemble put options on the lending market: they protect traders against high settlement costs but do not eliminate failures to deliver. Mandating automatic security borrowing to prevent failures to deliver triggers a toxic settlement rat race to lock in low borrowing costs.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Dynamics of a micro-electro-mechanical system associated with an atomic force microscope considering squeeze film damping
Authors: Duque Johan S. , Gutierrez Alexander , Cortés Daniel
Published: January 2020

In the following paper, we present a nonlinear model of an atomic force microscope considering the potential of Lennard–Jones and the nonlinear friction produced by the squeeze film damping effect, between the cantilever and the sample. Specifically, we study the existence and stability of periodic solutions using the lower and upper solution method in the system without friction. The condition for persistence of the homocline orbit was established by Melnikov method when the model has nonlinear friction. In this sense, the analytic and numerical approach is presented to verify the solutions of the model.
Multistable circular currents of polariton condensates trapped in ring potentials
Authors: Barkhausen Franziska , Schumacher Stefan , Ma Xuekai
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate the formation and trapping of different stationary solutions, oscillatory solutions, and rotating solutions of a polariton condensate in a planar semiconductor microcavity with a built-in ring-shaped potential well. Multistable ring-shaped solutions are trapped in shallow potential wells. These solutions have the same ring-shaped density distribution but different topological charges, corresponding to different orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the emitted light. For stronger confinement potentials, besides the fundamental modes, higher excited (dipole) modes can also be trapped. If two modes are excited simultaneously, their beating produces a complex oscillation or rotation dynamics. When the two modes have the same OAM, a double-ring solution forms for which the density oscillates between the inner and the outer ring. When the two modes have different OAM, a rotating solution with fractional OAM is created.
Low-loss and broadband fiber-to-chip coupler by 3D fabrication on a silicon photonic platform
Authors: Luo Haozhi , Xie Fei , Cao Yaoyu , Yu Siyuan , Chen Lifeng , Cai Xinlun
Published: January 2020

We propose and demonstrate a low-loss fiber-to-chip vertical coupler on the silicon photonic platform by using a 3D two-photon fabrication method. Such a coupler significantly reduces insertion loss, measured to be 1 dB, and provides a wide working wavelength range for both TE and TM polarizations over the entire C-band. Moreover, a large tolerance for misalignment of the coupling fiber, up to 4.5 µm for a 1 dB loss, enables the development of relaxed alignment techniques.
An experiential investigation into the embroidery practices of the Chernobyl Babushka
Authors: Baker Claire A.
Published: January 2020

This article contextualizes and personalizes a cohesive and cogent line of enquiry into the textile practices of the Babushkas of Chernobyl through empirical research centred upon observing, recording and gathering testimonies and histories in the field. Chernobyl, as place (or rather non-place), is the site of the world’s worst nuclear accident of 1986. Post-accident, 91,200 people were evacuated from areas around Chernobyl and it is now deemed to be uninhabitable. At the time of this research, there were 128 people remaining, their legacy the declining remains of a forgotten community, with a loss of their strong textile heritage. The ‘Embroidery as a Language’ project was implemented in order to discover how a common interest, i.e. embroidery, within the context of action research methodology could be used to encourage stronger connections and understandings between transnational communities and as a consequence promote the sharing of relevant and new information about regional embroidery, in turn preserving the past and taking it forward into the future. Alongside building an archive, the preservation of their history through personal experiences and narratives is paramount and this article reflects the focus on the self-settlers of Chernobyl and their embroideries as an ongoing initiative and an experiential poignant investigation that has developed over the past four years and during my ten separate visits to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
fake_fashion_agency: Aesthetical making and vestimentary tactics between geniuses, creativity and Shanzhai
Authors: Venohr Dagmar
Published: January 2020

In order to create a forgery, one has to know and understand the object in question. Iconic stylistic details become replicated – with a view of passing, of convincing others that it is the real thing. In fashion, only through revealing a nuance of a logo, the fabric, or stitching does it become clear that a forgery is taking place. A moment of slippage is required to expose the joke of the trickster, the player and the impostor. In turn, the certain identity, the specific understanding of originality is stolen. This article will discuss a fake fashion phenomenon that clearly exhibits strategies and disguised tactics. Does faking enable people to create their own relationship to things and to others, and how this could be seen as an ability of self-empowering acting? Based on the fashion-theoretical concept of fashion-agency as a self-empowering understanding enabled through, a capture of, and an acting with fashion, case studies from the globally effective fashion system and reference to the Chinese concept of Shanzhai will set the area for further study. With reference to the seizure of fake sneakers by German customs officers, Diesel’s ‘Deisel’ pop-up store, Super Deluxe and Adidas, these recent case study examples will be cultural-critical introduced as well as an aesthetical and vestimentary practice of productive counterfeiting tactics will be considered. These first cultural-scientific explorations of the phenomenon, which marks the beginning of a research project on fake fashion, was flanked by a DIY fake workshop for children aged 8–11, which was held in May 2018 in Hamburg, Germany. Its short depiction will demonstrate how enlightened it is to engage people, especially children, with creating clothes on their own, and how stimulating the thereby raised questions can be for further research. Of course, it has always been possible to sew on three stripes on an object itself in order to imitate Adidas; but when the fake that is so good to be seemingly original is becoming increasingly ubiquitous and acceptable, it diminishes the desirability and prestige of the authentic in the global mountain village. And this could be a chance for real clothes instead of appearances of fashion.
It’s Just a Draft: On the messy, the unfinished and the speculative in writing
Authors: Doubtfire Joseph
Published: January 2020

Language, and by extension writing, are used in conjunction with art to explain, decipher and decode. With the move of art education to be increasingly in line with academic practice, the written work undertaken by art students is measured and governed by expectations of being refined, finished and persuasive. Practice is often an altogether messier endeavour than the writing that accompanies, explains and justifies it would have you believe. Considering the relationship between writing and practice, It’s Just a Draft proposes the relevance of writing that falls short of academic expectations: the messy, the unfinished and the speculative. The article focuses on various aspects of written practice, namely: process, and the notion of embracing all stages of writing in a finished text; drafts, the idea of writing and rewriting/thinking and rethinking text as a continuous and developmental cycle; and style, more specifically what constitutes an academic voice. The article reflects somewhat on its own implication in relation to these ideas, being paradoxically more formulaic than the sort of writing that it discusses.
Europa, ¿una ventana o un espejo? La intelectualidad autoritaria de Brasil ante los encantos del Viejo Mundo (1902-1937)
Authors: Esteve Martí Javier
Published: January 2020

Cuando en 1888 se abolió la esclavitud y en 1889 la República sustituyó al Imperio, parte de la intelectualidad del litoral meridional del Brasil creyó imaginar que estos cambios sólo eran el comienzo de un proceso de modernización que equipararía el Nuevo y el Viejo Mundos. Pero menos de una década después, la guerra entre el Estado y los fanáticos milenaristas de Antônio Conselheiro dejaron patente una vez más la distancia entre el país legal y el país real. Ello reavivó el debate en las filas de una intelectualidad reaccionaria –de la que se analizan casos como el de Oliveira Viana y Plínio Salgado, que siguió mirando a Europa. Todo ello bien en busca de soluciones tales como el autoritarismo y el fascismo, bien para denunciar la reproducción de modelos exóticos que, como supuestamente ocurría con el liberalismo, la democracia o el socialismo, desconocían las particularidades brasileñas.
Diarios personales de combatientes como fuente para el estudio de la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Riart Arnalot Oriol
Published: January 2020

En el presente artículo se analizan los diarios personales de los combatientes en la Guerra Civil española como fuente alternativa y/o complementaria a otras más tradicionales para el estudio del conflicto. El trabajo se centra básicamente en la vida del diario personal como documento histórico, destacando el porqué de su relevancia respecto a otros egodocumentos, los motivos de su inicio, la importancia del hábito de la escritura diaria para su autor, el abandono de la actividad, posteriores usos del documento y temáticas principales que abordan los autores. El artículo parte del análisis de 30 diarios personales, hecho que supone un volumen destacable para considerarlos como una fuente historiográfica de primer orden que contribuye a una interpretación y aprendizaje más cercano, tangible y atractivo del conflicto.
KONTRIBUSI AUDIT INTERNAL TERHADAP MANAGEMEN RISIKO
Authors: Hadinata Sofyan
Published: January 2020

AbstractRisks always exist in a business activity of an organization. Risks are closely related to the differences between the results and the expectations. Risk management focuses on the anticipatory actions by recognizing potential risks and influences. Risk management is part of the entity’s internal control in which the main responsibility is in the hand of the company manager or the entity. Internal auditor as the employee or the internal party has the duty to implement the risk management. Internal auditor conducts an audit process towards internal control and gives assurance in the process of risk management. The internal auditor who takes part in consultation role can assist the organization in identifying, evaluating, and implementing relevant risk management and risk control methodologies. Risk management procedures are identifying risks, constructing plans, and determining solutions. Some of the solutions are avoiding, minimizing, removing, or accepting the risks. Keywords: risk, anticipatory, internal  controlAbstrakRisiko melekat pada suatu aktivitas bisnis organisasi. Risiko terkait erat antara ketidaksesuaian hasil dengan yang diharapkan. Managemen risiko merupakan suatu tindakan untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian yang berfokus pada tindakan antisipasi/pencegahan, dengan cara mengidentifikasi risiko yang mungkin terjadi sekaligus dampak yang mungkin ditimbulkan. Managemen risiko merupakan bagian dari pengendalian internal entitas yang tanggung jawab utamanya di tangan manager perusahaan atau entitas. Auditor internal selaku pegawai atau pihak internal perusahaan juga memiliki tugas atau kewajiban atas pelaksanaan managemen risiko. Audit internal melakukan proses audit terhadap pengendalian internal dan memberikan keyakinan terhadap proses managemen risiko. Auditor internal memiliki peran konsultasi yang dapat membantu organisasi dalam mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, dan menerapkan metodologi managemen risiko dan pengendalian yang relevan. Langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan dalam managemen risiko adalah identifikasi risiko, membuat perencanaan, dan menentukan cara penanganannya. Penangannya risiko dapat dilakukan dengan cara yaitu menghindari, mengurangi, memindahkan, atau menerima risiko tersebut.Kata kunci: risiko, antisipasi/pencegahan, pengendalian internal
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGHENTIAN PREMATUR ATAS PROSEDUR AUDIT
Authors: Meganita Linda , Perdana Halim Dedy , Hananto Santoso Tri , Triatmoko Hanung
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is: 1) knowing the sequence of audit procedure which most often signed off by auditor 2) testing effect of external and internal factors on premature signed off of audit procedure. The sample of this study are auditors of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) in the head office and the representative office. Sampling technique used is convenience sampling. Survey method for this study by distributing questionare. Data analysis uses Friedman test and regression logistic analysis with significance level (α) 5%.Friedman test result indicates that there are sequence of priority of audit procedure tend to be signed off. The most audit procedure which often to be signed off is internal auditor judgment and audit procedure which seldom to be signed off is substantive test. Logistic regression test shows that audit risk, materiality, professional commitment, and locus of control affect premature sign off of audit procedure, meanwhile time budget pressure, time deadline pressure, and role overload do not affect premature sign off of audit procedure.
Recogiendo el testigo de Karl-Otto Apel. Hacia una integración de la antropología del conocimiento y la pragmática trascendental del lenguaje
Authors: Molina-Molina Laura
Published: January 2020

la obra del recientemente fallecido filósofo Karl-Otto Apel (15-5-2107) ha pasado por diferentes etapas a lo largo de su desarrollo. Sin embargo, una tarea común a todas ellas ha sido la de reflexionar acerca de aquellas condiciones que a priori son necesarias para conocer. También estas condiciones, así como el modo de concebirlas, han sufrido variaciones a lo largo de sus escritos. Si en su programa temprano de una antropología del conocimiento aspectos como la reflexión, el cuerpo y el lenguaje tienen un mayor protagonismo, en su posterior pragmática trascendental del lenguaje estos, sin llegar a desaparecer, pasan a reinterpretarse desde la perspectiva de la comunidad de comunicación. Este artículo reconstruye la problemática de los a priori del conocimiento en la filosofía de Apel, y al hacerlo contribuye a una integración, que Apel había planeado llevar a cabo, de esos dos programas.
La oposición entre la razón instrumental y la lúdica en la propuesta utópica de Bernard Suits
Authors: López Frías Francisco Javier , Gimeno Monfort Xavier
Published: January 2020

En este texto analizamos el estudio que Bernard Suits hace del uso instrumental de la razón en The Grasshopper a través de su utopía. Para ello, analizamos el papel que juega la razón instrumental en la teoría del juego y en la utopía de Suits. Luego, comparamos el uso instrumental de la razón con lo que denominamos «actitud lúdica». Esta última encarna la racionalidad lúdica que los jugadores han de adoptar para jugar al juego y vivir en el mundo utópico de Suits. Para concluir, defendemos que la actitud lúdica ofrece una alternativa a la predominancia del uso instrumental de la razón en nuestra sociedad.
Poeci, afekty i miejsca wspólne czyli In Memory of My Feelings Franka O’Hary i Cover Andrzeja Sosnowskiego w perspektywie autotematycznej
Authors: Waligóra Agnieszka Waligóra
Published: January 2020

Artykuł jest próbą ponownego zinterpretowania poematów In Memory of My Feelings Franka O’Hary oraz Cover Andrzeja Sosnowskiego w świetle ujawnionych w nich wątków autotematycznych. Autorka skupia się najpierw na bliższym zbadaniu relacji, jaka została między owymi tekstami nawiązana, przyglądając się zarówno różnicom (język, emblematy, symbolika, konteksty) oraz podobieństwom, usiłując zbadać, jaki wpływ na utwór Sosnowskiego wywarł poeta szkoły nowojorskiej. Później natomiast uwaga zostaje zwrócona na wytworzenie między dziełami swoistej przestrzeni zależności – tekst dyskutuje możliwość rozpatrywania wiersza Sosnowskiego w kategoriach interpoetyki.
Bielszy odcień inteligencji: o różnicach rasowych i etnicznych w kontekście badań nad inteligencją
Authors: Albański Łukasz
Published: January 2020

This article addresses the issue of racial and ethnic differences in intelligence studies. Some researchers have claimed to use national IQs in studies of evolutionary theories of racial differences in intelligence. However, due to the Flynn Effect and some methodological questions, national IQs cannot be viewed solely in evolutionary and socio-economic development terms and can be considered in light of intercultural differences as well. Moreover, the meaning of race in intelligence studies is vaguely defined. It leads to considerable controversies surrounding the public understanding of race (for instance, stereotyping threat). It also creates suspicions as to the use of group differences in IQ tests to explain racial and ethnic differences in achievements.
Kate O’Connor, MOOCs, Institutional Policy and Change Dynamics in Higher Education (Idea MOOCs, polityka instytucjonalna i zmiana dynamiki rozwoju szkolnictwa wyższego), „Higher Education” 2014, vol. 68, iss. 5 (opr. Monika Kotowska-Lewińska)
Authors: Kotowska-Lewińska Monika
Published: January 2020

Kate O’Connor, MOOCs, Institutional Policy and Change Dynamics in Higher Education (Idea MOOCs, polityka instytucjonalna i zmiana dynamiki rozwoju szkolnictwa wyższego), „Higher Education” 2014, vol. 68, iss. 5 (opr. Monika Kotowska-Lewińska)
Luke K. Fryer, H. Nicholas Bovee, Supporting Students’ Motivation for E-learning: Teachers Matter On and Offine (Wspieranie motywacji studentów dla e-learningu: rola nauczycieli), "The Internet and Higher Education" 2016, vol 30
Authors: Kotowska-Lewińska Monika
Published: January 2020

Luke K. Fryer, H. Nicholas Bovee, Supporting Students’ Motivation for E-learning: Teachers Matter On and Offine (Wspieranie motywacji studentów dla e-learningu: rola nauczycieli), "The Internet and Higher Education" 2016, vol 30
AVRUPA MERKEZ BANKASI VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞFNDE FİYAT İSTİKRARI
Authors: OKTAR Suat
Published: January 2020

The European System of Central Banks (The ESCB) Will be estasbished in 1998 All European Union Central banks will be part of the ESCB The Statute of the European System of Central Banks provides two key elements by stipulating the objective -the priority of price stability and independence. Nevertheless, it is not cear that how will the ESCB achieve its final objective of price stability. Therefore, in most EU countries plans for price stabiüty are greeted with skepticism or disapproval by a large section of the general public There are good reasons for this reaction. This paper examines this problem.
KARA PARA AKLAMA VE ULUSLARARASI MALİ SİSTEM
Authors: YILMAZCAN Dilek
Published: January 2020

This paper looks at money laundering from a macroeconomic and international perspective. it shows that the potentially large amount of money that is being laundered internationally is likely to have implications for both the international allocation of resources and the stability of the international financial system.
The paper concludes with the discussion of a proposed that would compel countries to adopt similar roles aimed at controlling money laundering. The countries that would not abide by these rules would be penalized. This would be an application of a Pigouvian tax aimed at a negative externality. Pigouvian taxes have played an important role within countries.
İNSAN KAYNAKLARI PLANLAMASINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: OKAKIN Neslihan
Published: January 2020

This study aims to identify the intermal and external factors that effect Human Resources Planning applications in Turkey as well as their time span (vvhether they ares hort or long term) while emphasising on the objectives, inıportance and the consequences of such applications. Detailed analysis have been made on how external, organizational and workforce factors have impacted the human resources planning in subject organizations.
Antioxidant Effects of Green Tea Leaf Extract on Chemical properties of Corn Refined Oil of Microwave Fried Potatoes
Authors: Hoseini Masomeh , Fahim Danesh Maryam
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Oxygen, light, heat, metal ions, and enzymes are among the agents that oxidize oils, fats, and high-fat food products which result in oxidative spoilage. Due to the toxicity and cancer risk of oxidative agents, the use of synthetic antioxidants is important for delaying the oxidation processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of natural antioxidants including green tea leaf extract and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the oxidation of the corn refined oil of microwave-heated fried potatoes. Methods: To this end, corn refined oil and corn oil were treated with green tea leaf extracts (i.e., 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm), followed by treating the oils with a combination of green tea leaf extract (600 ppm) and BHT (200 ppm). The samples with no anti-oxidant treatments were used as the controls. Eventually, several parameters related to the corn oils were determined, including peroxide content, acidity, polar compounds, and ionic bond conjugates. Results: Based on the results, significant increases were observed in peroxide, acidity, polar compounds, and ionic bond conjugates in the corn refined oil of microwave fried potatoes (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that the heating process reduced peroxide content (P<0.05). However, acidity increased significantly during the heating process (P>0.05) and the lowest acid value was observed in the mixture of 600 ppm of the green tea leaf with 200 ppm of the BHT. There was no significant difference between the control group and the samples treated with 200 ppm of the green leaf extract (P<0.05) in terms of polar components. In addition, a significant decrease was found in the conjugated dienes by increasing the green tea leaf extract concentration (P<0.05). Finally, the highest protection was achieved in the oils that were treated with a combination of green tea leaf extract and BHT. Conclusion: In general, the green tea leaf extract and BHT have antioxidant activities that make them suitable agents for use in food protection industries.
CFD to analyze energy exchange by convection in a closed greenhouse with a pipe heating system
Authors: Flores-Velazquez Jorge , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Rojano-Aguilar Abraham , Schdmith Uwe
Published: January 2020

In some locations with harsh winters, the heat stored in the soil may not be enough to heating a greenhouse, and so artificial heat must be supplied. The objective of this study was to evaluate a numerical model under local weather conditions, in Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany, during winter 2011 to analyze the air dynamics generated through a tube pipe heating system convection in a closed greenhouse, for it to be applicable in producing cold regions in Mexico. Results showed that 100 W m-2 of heat released from the soil kept the environment within acceptable ranges for plant growth from noon to evening. However, the energy lost by long-wave radiation during the night lowered the air temperature to minimal basal temperature. Heat from the pipes placed underneath the crop promoted air movement by convection, producing a uniform distribution of temperature and humidity within the plant canopy.
Determinación de plaguicidas en suelo agrícola mediante extracción en fase sólida y cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia (HPLC) acoplada a un detector de arreglo de diodos (DAD)
Authors: Muñiz-Valencia Roberto , Leyva-Morales José Belisario , Jurado Jurado José Marcos , Sarabia-Garcia Orlando Rafael , Hernández Madrigal Julia Veronica , Ceballos-Magaña Silvia Guillermina , Bejarano Ramirez Itza Carolina
Published: January 2020

Se presenta el desarrollo de un método para determinar carbofuran (CB), diuron (DI), profam (PR), dicloran (DC), clorpropham (CH) y tetradifón (TE) mediante cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia acoplada a un detector de arreglo de diodos (HPLC-DAD, por sus siglas en inglés). Se optimizó 1) Separación por HPLC-DAD, 2) Pretratamiento de muestra de suelo y 3) Extracción en fase sólida (SPE, por sus siglas en inglés). Se logró separar completamente los seis plaguicidas en 17 min. La separación fue aplicada a muestras de suelo agrícola. Con este objetivo, se optimizó el pretratamiento y la SPE del suelo. Para ambas optimizaciones se definieron las variables a optimizar y se aplicó un diseño fraccional factorial. Con los resultados se construyeron las gráficas de superficies de respuesta para definir las condiciones de análisis óptimas. El método se validó en muestras de suelo, de acuerdo con guías internacionales, evaluándose la selectividad, linealidad, límite de detección y cuantificación, así como la exactitud de este. Finalmente, el método se aplicó a otras muestras obteniéndose bajo efecto matriz. Este método podría ser aplicado en otros laboratorios para determinación de estos contaminantes en suelo.
El karst de Yucatán: su origen, morfología y biología
Authors: Estrada Medina Hector , Jiménez Osornio Juan José , Álvarez-Rivera Oscar , Barrientos Medina Roberto Carlos
Published: January 2020

El karst del estado de Yucatán, México, tiene su origen en los arrecifes coralinos y sedimentos marinos que, al exponerse a la superficie, formaron la roca caliza. Los procesos de solubilización-precipitación de esta roca han promovido la ausencia de corrientes de agua superficiales, un relieve ligeramente ondulado con planicies, depresiones y montículos, afloramientos y presencia de cenotes. Los diferentes grados de porosidad y dureza de la roca han permitido la formación desde pequeñas oquedades y acumulaciones de suelo, hasta complejos sistemas de cuevas secas y húmedas. El manejo de este tipo de áreas debe partir del conocimiento de su origen, morfología y biología para garantizar el uso sustentable de los recursos naturales. Se requiere especial atención en el  manejo de la extracción de roca caliza, las actividades turísticas y productivas relacionadas con el uso de agua del acuífero, así como el volumen y calidad de las descargas de aguas residuales al suelo, cenotes y el mar.
Capital social y nivel educativo en población adulta de Ocotlán, Jalisco
Authors: Hernández González Eduardo , Contreras Tinoco Karla Alejandra
Published: January 2020

El capital social y la educación son bienes sociales vinculados en una relación de generación mutua. Sostener esto parece un lugar común, proporcionar evidencia que lo confirme es menos frecuente de lo que podría esperarse. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo es mostrar los resultados del análisis de la relación entre el capital social y el nivel educativo de los ocotlenses. Los datos provienen de un estudio empírico realizado en la ciudad de Ocotlán, Jalisco. En el estudio participaron 420 personas mayores de 18 años de las diferentes colonias del municipio. Para el diseño muestral y su distribución se consideraron las variables de sexo y colonia de residencia. Los análisis se realizaron mediante pruebas estadísticas que permitieron identificar la relación entre variables, tales como correlaciones de Pearson, Chi-cuadrado, Anovas, prueba de Levene, Games Howell y Tukey. En las conclusiones se sostiene, a partir de los resultados, que en efecto el nivel educativo está asociado con mejores niveles de capital social, específicamente en las dimensiones de redes sociales, redes vecinales y apoyo social.