bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD‐ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for specialty care
Authors: Dickerson Bradford C. , Atri Alireza , Clevenger Carolyn , Karlawish Jason , Knopman David , Lin Pei‐Jung , Norman Mary , Onyike Chiadi , Sano Mary , Scanland Susan , Carrillo Maria
Published: December 2024

US clinical practice guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or a related dementia (ADRD) are two decades old. This evidence‐based guideline was developed to empower all clinicians to implement a structured approach for evaluating a patient with symptoms that may represent clinical AD/ADRD. An expert workgroup conducted a review of 7374 publications (133 met inclusion criteria) and developed recommendations as steps in an evaluation process. This summary briefly reviews core recommendations and details specialist recommendations of a high‐quality, evidence‐supported evaluation process aimed at characterizing, diagnosing, and disclosing the patient's cognitive functional status, cognitive–behavioral syndrome, and likely underlying brain disease so that optimal care plans to maximize patient/care partner dyad quality of life can be developed; a companion article summarizes primary care recommendations. If clinicians use the recommendations in this guideline and health‐care systems provide adequate resources, outcomes should improve in most patients in most practice settings.

Highlights

US clinical practice guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) or related dementias (ADRD) are decades old and aimed at specialists.

This evidence‐based guideline was developed to empower all—including primary care—clinicians to implement a structured approach for evaluating a patient with symptoms that may represent clinical AD/ADRD.

This summary focuses on recommendations appropriate for specialty practice settings, forming key elements of a high‐quality, evidence‐supported evaluation process aimed at characterizing, diagnosing, and disclosing the patient's cognitive functional status, cognitive–behavioral syndrome, and likely underlying brain disease so that optimal care plans to maximize patient/care partner dyad quality of life can be developed; a companion article summarizes primary care recommendations.

If clinicians use this guideline and health‐care systems provide adequate resources, outcomes should improve in most patients in most practice settings.
A whole‐brain functional connectivity model of Alzheimer's disease pathology
Authors: Prakash Ruchika S. , McKenna Michael R. , Gbadeyan Oyetunde , Shankar Anita R. , Pugh Erika A. , Teng James , Andridge Rebecca , Berry Anne , Scharre Douglas W.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two proteinopathies, amyloid and tau, which have a cascading effect on the functional and structural organization of the brain.

METHODS

In this study, we used a supervised machine learning technique to build a model of functional connections that predicts cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p‐tau/Aβ42 (the PATH‐fc model). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 289 older adults in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were utilized for this model.

RESULTS

We successfully derived the PATH‐fc model to predict the ratio of p‐tau/Aβ42 as well as cognitive functioning in older adults across the spectrum of healthy and pathological aging. However, the in‐sample fit magnitude was low, indicating a need for further model development.

DISCUSSION

Our pathology‐based model of functional connectivity included representation from multiple canonical networks of the brain with intra‐network connectivity associated with low pathology and inter‐network connectivity associated with higher levels of pathology.

Highlights

Whole‐brain functional connectivity model (PATH‐fc) is linked to AD pathophysiology.

The PATH‐fc model predicts performance in multiple domains of cognitive functioning.

The PATH‐fc model is a distributed model including representation from all canonical networks.
Alzheimer's Association's funding portfolio: Insights from the International Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Research Portfolio (IADRP)
Authors: Kloske Courtney M. , Forner Stefania , Meyers Emily A. , Towers Albert E. , Snyder Heather M. , Carrillo Maria C.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) present significant health challenges. Understanding their underlying biology, advancing existing and new therapies, and enhancing care for patients and caregivers are critical priorities.

METHODS

This article utilizes data from the International Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Research Portfolio (IADRP) to analyze funding patterns from the Alzheimer's Association over the past decade.

RESULTS

As the largest nonprofit funder of AD/ADRD research globally, the Alzheimer's Association has committed over $430 million, supporting a diverse range of studies across the entire spectrum of dementia‐related science. The funding landscape has evolved, reflecting new areas of investigation and collaboration with broader research initiatives.

DISCUSSION

This article highlights the dynamic nature of the Association's funding strategies and ongoing efforts to connect funding with additional supportive resources, thereby enhancing the overall research ecosystem

Highlights

As the world's largest nonprofit funder of Alzheimer's disease and dementia science, the Alzheimer's Association's funding activities are strategically designed in partnership with the global research community to address scientific gaps in our knowledge to advance research.

A large part of the Association's funding portfolio depends on key partnerships and collaborations.

From 2019 to 2023, the Alzheimer's Association has allocated funding for more than 850 new research studies. The diversity of areas funded is clear across the Association's portfolio.

Beyond the Association's strong emphasis on supporting research through grant funding, there are also efforts to ensure the necessary ecosystem to support the career development of researchers and clinicians, maintaining ongoing support for current and future awardees, including convening and the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART).
Psychotropic medication usage in sporadic versus genetic behavioral‐variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Vargas‐Gonzalez Juan‐Camilo , Dimal Nico , Cortez Kasey , Heuer Hilary , Forsberg Leah K. , Appleby Brian S. , Barmada Sami , Bozoki Andrea , Clark David , Cobigo Yann , Darby R. Ryan , Dickerson Bradford C. , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Galasko Douglas R. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Ghoshal Nupur , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Grant Ian M. , Irwin David , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Honig Lawrence S. , Kantarci Kejal , Léger Gabriel C. , Litvan Irene , Mackenzie Ian R. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario F. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Pascual Belen , Pressman Peter , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Roberson Erik D. , Rogalski Emily , Boeve Brad F. , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howie J. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela ,   ALLFTD Consortium Investigators
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Psychotropic medication (PM) use in behavioral‐variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is higher than in other dementias. However, no information exists on whether PM use differs between sporadic and genetic bvFTD.

METHODS

We analyzed data from sporadic and genetic bvFTD participants with PM prescriptions in the Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects study. We estimated ordinal odds ratio (OOR) of having more PM comparing sporadic and genetic bvFTD. Finally, we explored the neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) combinations using classification and regression trees (CART).

RESULTS

We included 263 with sporadic and 193 with genetic bvFTD. The OOR for sporadic bvFTD to be on PM was 1.75 (95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 2.53) for the fully adjusted model. CART revealed the most common NPS combination was apathy + personality changes in 18% of participants.

DISCUSSION

Participants with sporadic bvFTD were twice as likely to be on PM compared to genetic bvFTD. The reason for increased PM usage in sporadic bvFTD participants should be further investigated.

Highlights

We report on patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

We evaluated the psychotropic medication (PM) prescription at baseline in the cohort.

Patients with sporadic bvFTD had more prescriptions for PM than genetic patients.

The frequency of symptoms combination was different in sporadic and genetic bvFTD.
Microbe Engineering to Provide Drimane‐Type Building Blocks for Chiral Pool Synthesis of Meroterpenoids
Authors: Du Wenyu , Cheng Zhongyu , Pan Xingming , Liu Chenhao , Yue Mingyu , Li Tianhao , Xiao Zhixi , Li Lu‐Lu , Zeng Xuelan , Lin Xiaoxu , Li Fuzhuo , Dong Liao‐Bin
Published: December 2024

Drimane‐type merosesquiterpenoids (DMT) are a class of natural products with diverse structures and broad biological activity. Classical DMT synthesis relies on atom‐inefficient plant‐derived chiral pool building blocks, while alternative drimane‐type building blocks such as drimenol and albicanol offer more direct routes but face production challenges. In this study, we engineered a microbial platform for efficient production of these building blocks. By optimizing the PhoN‐IPK system through rational engineering and incorporating a Nudix hydrolase, we achieved a drimenol production of 398 mg/L and high albicanol titers of 1805 mg/L in shake flasks and 3.5 g/L in a bioreactor. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations of the engineered PhoN provided insights into its improved catalytic efficiency. We demonstrated the utility of this platform by synthesizing several DMT using albicanol as the starting material, reducing the number of synthetic steps and improving overall efficiency as compared to classical approaches.
Controlled Lipid Domain Positioning and Polarization in Confined Minimal Cell Models
Authors: Nakazawa Koyomi , Lévrier Antoine , Rudiuk Sergii , Yamada Ayako , Morel Mathieu , Baigl Damien
Published: December 2024

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are widely used minimal cell models where essential biological features can be reproduced, isolated and studied. Although precise spatio‐temporal distribution of membrane domains is a process of crucial importance in living cells, it is still highly challenging to generate anisotropic GUVs with domains at user‐defined positions. Here we describe a novel and robust method to control the spatial position of lipid domains of liquid‐ordered (Lo)/liquid‐disordered (Ld) phase in giant unilamellar vesicles. Our strategy consists in confining Lo/Ld phase‐separating GUVs in microfluidic channels to define free curved regions where the minority‐phase domains localize and coalesce by decreasing the line energy through domain fusion. We show that this process is governed by the respective fraction of the two phases, and not by the chemical nature of the lipids involved. The spatial position and number of domains are controlled by the design of the confining microchannel and could result in polarized GUVs with a controllable number of poles. The developed method is versatile and user‐friendly, while allowing multiple single‐vesicle experiments in parallel.
Unconventional Interconnected High‐Entropy Alloy Nanodendrites for Remarkably Efficient C−C Bond Cleavage toward Complete Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yan , Meng Huiying , Yu Renqin , Hong Jie , Zhang Yifan , Xia Zhonghong , Wang Yong
Published: December 2024

Developing ethanol oxidation electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity, durability, and resistance to CO poisoning remains a major challenge. In recent years, high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with unique physical and chemical properties have garnered substantial attention. Herein, a class of HEA nanodendrites are designed by a simple wet‐chemical method. The mass activity and specific activity of the septenary PtIrRhCoFeNiCu high‐entropy alloy catalyst are 2.13 A mgPt−1/1.05 A mgPt+Ir+Rh−1 and 2.95 mA cm−2, which reach 5.76‐/2.84‐fold and 5.57‐fold improvements relative to commercial Pt/C (0.37 A mgPt−1 and 0.53 mA cm−2), respectively. Remarkably, after the i‐t test of up to 100,000 s and the accelerated durability test of 1500 cycles, 81.22 % and 68.54 % of the initial mass activity are well retained, respectively. The lattice distortion‐associated local tensile strain as demonstrated by increased Pt−Pt bond length enhances ethanol adsorption and reduces reaction barriers. Moreover, hysteresis diffusion effect induced by lattice distortion in the HEA nanodendrites contributes to their superb ethanol oxidation stability. In situ infrared absorption spectroscopy reveals that the three HEA nanodendrites mainly follow C1 pathway with C−C bond breaking to form CO followed by CO oxidation especially at a wide range of high potentials. Theoretical calculations reveal that among these HEAs, PtIrRhCoFeNiCu possesses the lowest energy barrier for C−C bond scission due to synergy among Pt/Ir/Rh and water dissociation due to synergy among Co/Fe/Ni/Cu. This work provides insights to design unique HEA nanostructures with extraordinary catalytic performances and selectivity compared to conventional nanoparticles.
Polyurethane Elastomers Strengthened by Pseudo[1]rotaxanes Based on Pillararenes
Authors: He Lang , Wei Jialin , Ren Zhiqiang , Li Yunxia , Zhang Zibin , Li Guangfeng , Huang Feihe , Li Shijun
Published: December 2024

As a unique property of the interlocked structures, rotaxane allows for intramolecular motions between its wheel and axle components. Introduction of rotaxanes into polymers can endow them with distinctive macroscopic features and outstanding mechanical properties. Here, we prepare a copillar[5]arene with a hydroxyl and an amino‐group on each end, which can spontaneously form a pseudo[1]rotaxane through intramolecular hydrogen bonds. This pseudo[1]rotaxane possesses a releasable extra alkyl chain, which is then incorporated into a linear polyurethane by reacting with a diisocyanate to prepare polyurethane elastomers with spring‐like structures. The results of stress‐strain test and dynamic mechanical analysis all indicate that sliding motions of the axle part on the pseudo[1]rotaxane in the polymer skeleton can greatly dissipate energy, which endows the elastomers with higher toughness and better fatigue resistance. Moreover, the addition of moderate amount of cuprous bromide to form cuprous‐thioether coordination in the polymers can further improve the mechanical properties.
Unprecedented Deep Ultraviolet (DUV) Birefringence in Fluorides Constructed from Linear π‐Group Anisotropic Structure Building Units
Authors: Li Meng‐Yue , Liu Xin , Liu Yi‐Chen , Wang Rui‐Xi , Guo Jingyu , Wu Li‐Ming , Chen Ling
Published: December 2024

Advancing laser technologies requires maximizing the anisotropy of crystalline media and overcoming current birefringence limitations. We introduce the strategy of linear π group anisotropic structure building units (ABUCB), leading to an unprecedented large birefringence (Δn), a record‐high Δnobv. of 0.152 in sodium bis(dicyanoborato)fluoride (Na[BF2(CN)2]), the highest reported among deep ultraviolet (DUV) materials. This value is 35 % greater than state‐of‐the‐art α‐BBO and 1167 % greater than MgF2. Density functional theory analyses suggest that the linear π group enhances bulk optical anisotropy and ensures a shorter DUV absorption edge. These results establish Na[BF2(CN)2] as a groundbreaking DUV birefringent material and open new avenues for research into extending π groups and exploring additional possibilities.
Photosynthesis of H2O2 using Phenothiazine‐Based Covalent‐Organic Frameworks Mimicking Coenzyme Q
Authors: Peng Yaoyao , Yuan Lewang , Liu Kang‐Kai , Guan Zong‐Jie , Jin Shangbin , Fang Yu
Published: December 2024

Mimicking natural enzymes through artificial enzyme engineering represents a powerful strategy to fine‐tune the performance of photocatalysts, while the manipulation of electron transfer systems through atomic precision control is challenging. Herein, we reported a series of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on progressively oxidized phenothiazine (PTH) core as the platform for emulating Coenzyme Q, achieved through meticulous stepwise adjustments of their redox states. Compared to the original PTH‐S‐COF, the COFs with incrementally oxidized sulfur sites exhibited enhanced charge transfer efficiencies, facilitating efficient electron donation to O2 and thereby providing a favorable pathway for H2O2 synthesis. Notably, the PTH‐SO2‐COF achieved a remarkable synthesis rate of 7755 μmol g−1 h−1, marking a 720 % improvement over the PTH‐S‐COF baseline. Furthermore, upon adjusting the sacrificial agent ratio, this rate soared to an impressive 13565 μmol g−1 h−1, surpassing the most reported photo‐active COFs. In situ characterizations and simulations verified that three H2O2 evolution pathways (2e− ORR, 4e− OER, and 4e− ORR) all involved in the H2O2 production process. As a result, our findings introduce a novel pathway for the development of high‐performance COF‐based photocatalysts through the innovative application of artificial enzyme‐mimicking techniques.
Adjacent‐ligand Tuning of Atomically Precise Cu‐Pd Sites Enables Efficient Methanol Electrooxidation with a CO‐free Pathway
Authors: Qin Yuanlong , Yu Kedi , Wang Guo , Zhuang Zechao , Dou Yuhai , Wang Dingsheng , Chen Zhengbo
Published: December 2024

Whether the catalyst can realize the non‐CO pathway is the key to greatly improve the catalytic activity and stability of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). It is feasible to optimize the reaction path selectivity by modifying organic ligands and constructing single‐atom systems. At the same time, heterogeneous metal nanosheets with atomic thickness have been shown to significantly enhance the catalytic activity of materials due to their ultra‐high exposure of active sites and synergistic effects. Herein, we synthesize an ultra‐thin heterogeneous alloy metallene with organic ligand‐modified surface Cu single atom by one‐pot wet chemical method, and further construct an efficient Cu‐Pd active sites. The prepared octanoic acid ligand modified PdCu single‐atom alloys metallene (SAA OA‐Cu‐Pdene) shows excellent catalytic activity and stability, with mass activity up to 5.64 A mgPd‐1 and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) up to 160.39 m2 gPd‐1. Structural characterization and in‐situ experiment jointly indicate that ligand modulation brings about charge transfer, and the accompanying rapid migration of OH‐ greatly improves the selectivity of non‐CO pathways while improving the catalytic activity. The results highlight the importance of adjacent‐ligand regulation and provide a new strategy for the design of MOR catalysts with high selectivity of non‐CO pathway.
Patterns in Plant Species Diversity and Composition of a Restored Nature‐Based Solutions Floodplain
Authors: Pastina S.  , Peeters E. T. H. M.  , Daumal M.  , Erkens R. H. J. 
Published: December 2024

Floodplains are simultaneously among the most ecologically important and most severely impacted ecosystems in the world, with hydro‐morphological alteration of riverine systems leading to declines in biodiversity. The loss of floodplain ecosystems worldwide increased interest in restoration projects throughout the world, centred around the concept of nature‐based solutions (NBS). Floodplain restoration is increasingly regarded as one of the most successful forms of NBS. However, stream restoration projects lack in‐depth monitoring practices, highlighting the need for evaluations of NBS restoration success on riparian vegetation. This study analysed patterns in plant species diversity and composition following restoration of the Bosscherveld floodplain, part of the Grensmaas Project, the largest nature‐based river restoration project in the Netherlands. A total of 173 species were recorded over 325 quadrats. For each plot, hydro‐geomorphological factors were analysed. Habitat type and water depth were key determinants of plant species distribution. Species richness significantly declined in relation to increasing hydrological stress, and vegetation was distributed according to species‐specific tolerances to disturbance. Spatial coordinates, habitat type, sediment type, water percentage and depth all significantly contributed to differences in vegetation composition. Spatial variables emerged as the most significant contributors to the explained variation. The study concludes that the Bosscherveld floodplain displays high habitat heterogeneity and a significant presence of wetland species, aligning with initial restoration objectives. These findings underline the importance of monitoring to enhance the effectiveness of river restoration projects, ensuring the continued success of NBS initiatives in floodplain ecosystems.
Development of an Environmental and Faecal DNA Tool for Monitoring the Spatial Distribution and Fish Predation on the Mountain Amphibian Calotriton asper
Authors: Deluen Marine , Loot Géraldine , Bertrand Romain , Aubret Fabien , Valentini Alice , Calvez Olivier , Delmas Claudine , Le Chevalier Hugo , Muratet Jean , Pottier Gilles , Ribéron Alexandre , Rollet Sylvain , Dubut Vincent , Trochet Audrey , Blanchet Simon
Published: December 2024

Gathering ecological knowledge about species with cryptic behaviour can be challenging and strongly depends on human, financial and logistical resources. Yet, this is essential for the conservation of threatened and/or elusive species and wildlife management. The use of DNA tools is emerging as an efficient solution to overcome these constraints. Here, we developed specific primers and a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) protocol for the quantitative detection of the endemic amphibian Calotriton asper in freshwater and fish faeces. After successful in silico validation of the developed primers, we tested their validity in the wild. First, using an environmental DNA approach, we confirmed the presence of C. asper in eight out of 13 sites deemed climatically suitable for the species, although it had never been observed there before. Then, we sampled brown trout (Salmo trutta) living in sympatry with C. asper and, through fish faeces analyses, confirmed that brown trout are predators of C. asper. These molecular tools proved efficient for monitoring (i) elusive species such as C. asper in the wild, allowing for better characterization of their current distribution and habitat use, and (ii) predation events by fish, which might be a significant pressure on low‐density and isolated C. asper populations. We provide a valuable, low‐cost and complementary tool for environmental managers and scientists that should help improve the development of fine‐tuned conservation and management plans for C. asper.
Antibacterial Lecithin/Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Sustained Release of Ciprofloxacin to Treat Ocular Bacterial Infections
Authors: Rasool Nahida , Thakur Yashika , Singh Yashveer
Published: December 2024

Ocular drug‐delivery is one of the most challenging areas owing to nature of ocular tissues. Various nanoformulations have been designed and investigated for drug‐delivery to achieve high drug bioavailability. The major focus of these preparations available in market is to utilize nanomaterial as drug‐carrier only, with less focus on developing functional‐nanomaterials, which is a key knowledge gap in the field. To address this, we developed a nanoparticulate system from bioactive‐polymers, having intrinsic antimicrobial and mucoadhesiveness, loaded with ciprofloxacin (cipro) to treat ocular bacterial infections. Cipro‐loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for their physiochemical properties. They exhibited good drug loading efficiency and showed sustained drug‐release for 72 h, with slow release for first 4 h followed by a burst release in phosphate buffered saline and simulated tear fluid. Cipro‐loaded nanoparticles were assessed for their antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus (96 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (72 %) using optical density, disc‐diffusion method, live‐dead assay, and demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. The drug‐loaded nanoparticles showed good cytocompatibility (~90 %) towards murine fibroblasts and rabbit corneal cells. Being amphiphilic in nature, the nanoparticles exhibited mucoadhesiveness, hemocompatibility (<4 %) and, thus, proving to be a promising candidate for treating ocular infections. This approach ensures efficient drug delivery and synergic/additive therapeutic effects.
Harnessing RNA‐Protein Interactions for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Goel Khushboo , Saraogi Ishu
Published: December 2024

Interactions between RNAs and proteins play a crucial role in various diseases, including viral infections and cancer. Hence, understanding and inhibiting these interactions are important for the development of novel therapeutics. However, the identification of drugs targeting RNA‐protein interactions with high specificity and affinity is challenged by our limited molecular understanding of these interactions. Recent focus on structural and biochemical characterization, coupled with high‐throughput screening technologies and computational modeling, have accelerated the identification of new RBPs and optimization of potential inhibitors. This review discusses key examples of inhibitors developed over the past decade that effectively disrupt pathogenic RNA–protein interactions. We focus on small molecule and peptide‐based inhibitors that have shown promise in disrupting crucial RNA–protein interactions in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. We also present the challenges and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need to achieve improved specificity and reduce the off‐target effects of the inhibitors. This review aims to contribute to ongoing efforts towards the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting RNA‐protein interactions by providing an in‐depth analysis of significant developments and emerging trends in this rapidly growing field.
Ferrocene‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Adsorption and Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Ma Shuohan , Di Xiaojiao , Wang Yi , Lu Yuchao , Pei Zhichao , Pei Yuxin
Published: December 2024

Antibiotics have emerged as a significant class of organic pollutants, posing serious global challenges to both the environment and human health. To address the issue of water pollution by antibiotics, a ferrocene‐based organic framework (FcMOF) with paramagnetism has been synthesized by hydrothermal complexation of ferrocene dicarboxylic acid with copper chloride and utilized for quick and efficient adsorption and degradation of antibiotics. The maximum adsorption capacity of TC was 736.59 mg g−1 and the degradation rate reached 94.24 % under the optimal conditions (40 °C, pH = 3, 3.0 % H2O2). This provides a new solution with high treatment capacity for antibiotic pollution in water without secondary pollution.
Tunning the Wettability of the PVDF Membrane using the PVA‐Stabilized TA‐UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF Membranes to Separate Layered Oil‐Water Mixture and Surfactant‐Stabilized Emulsion
Authors: Fiaz Muhammad , Khan Sumayyah , Baig Nadeem , Sohail Manzar
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a UiO‐66‐NH2/Tannic acid/Polyvinylidene fluoride (UTP) composite membrane for efficient oil‐water separation. Pristine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, due to their hydrophobic nature, tend to foul during oil‐in‐water emulsion separation. By incorporating the metal‐organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66‐NH2 and stabilizing it with tannic acid (TA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the membrane's hydrophilicity and antifouling properties were significantly enhanced. The water contact angle of the UTP membrane decreased from 121° to 3°, indicating a dramatic increase in hydrophilicity, while the underwater oil contact angle (UWOCA) of 119° demonstrated excellent oleophobicity. The modified membrane achieved over 99 % separation efficiency and improved flux by 15 times compared to the pristine PVDF. TA acted as a binder, ensuring uniform MOF dispersion and improving the composite's stability. The PVA further reinforced the structure, enhancing durability under operational conditions. Durability tests showed no significant MOF detachment after repeated use, confirming the stability of the UTP composite. The results highlight the potential of the UTP membrane for oil‐water separation with superior permeability and fouling resistance.
Artificial Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase with PVDF‐ZnF2 Double‐Layer Structures Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Kaichen , Chen Jinbiao , Xiao Zhifeng , Yang Yuqing , Fu Yanpeng , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Li Jie , Li Chunsheng , Sun Yan , Shi Zhicong
Published: December 2024

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical capacity and abundant resources. However, commercialization for this cell is challenged by the high reactivity of sodium metal, leading to detrimental side reactions with electrolytes, dendritic growth, and severe volume changes over charging/discharging cycles. These issues shorten the cycle life, reduce efficiency, and increase the risk of internal short circuits and thermal runaway. A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is key to addressing these challenges by preventing dendrite growth, homogenizing sodium ion transport, and maintaining chemical stability. This study investigates an artificial SEI(ASEI) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ZnF2, which forms a durable organic‐inorganic double‐layer structure. The outer organic PVDF layer enhances mechanical strength, while the inner inorganic ZnF2 layer improves sodium ion flux, preventing dendritic growth. The ASEI significantly extends cell life and enhance electrochemical performances. The NVP||50 μL −4 wt.%+100 μL −8 wt.% PVDF‐ZnF2/Na cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 3000 cycles. This novel ASEI design offers promising potential for improving the energy storage properties and safety of sodium metal batteries.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Modified Risk Assessment Model of Venous Thromboembolism in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Li Wen , Liu Rui , Shen Ying , Gao GongZhizi , Yang Rui , Wang Yiwen , Yang Ruoyu , Lin Zujie , Dong Ruijun , Zhao Wanhong , He Aili , Bai Ju
Published: December 2024

Background

Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are the second‐leading cause of death in cancer patients, with an incidence of 5%–17% in lymphoma patients, particularly higher in those with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Existing risk assessment models (RAMs) like the Khorana and ThroLy scores have limitations and are inadequately validated for NHL patients. Coagulation markers such as D‐dimer, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), and thrombomodulin (TM) show a potential predictive value for cancer‐associated VTE but lack extensive research in NHL.

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze characteristics and predictive risk factors for VTE in newly diagnosed NHL patients and to evaluate and improve the clinical applicability of the Khorana and ThroLy scores.

Methods

Data were collected from newly diagnosed NHL patients to analyze characteristics and potential predictive risk factors for VTE. The clinical applicability of the Khorana and ThroLy scores was evaluated, and the ThroLy score was improved by adjusting the hemoglobin cutoff and combining it with D‐dimer testing. Sequential testing with TM and TAT levels was also performed.

Results

VTE developed in 7.09% of NHL patients. Independent risk factors for VTE included clinical Stage III/IV, mediastinal involvement, history of VTE, D‐dimer≥ 1345 μg/dL, and platelet (PLT)≥ 298 × 109, and Hb≥ 110 g/L was an independent protective factor for VTE. The ThroLy score was improved by adjusting the hemoglobin cutoff and combining it with D‐dimer testing. Sequential testing of TM and TAT achieved a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.7%.

Conclusions

VTE is a significant complication in NHL patients. The study highlighted independent risk factors and proposed a modified risk assessment model that effectively predicted VTE risk, potentially optimizing prevention and reducing healthcare costs.
Secondary Transfer Effect and Natives' Acculturation Behaviours: The Role of Natives' Perceived Moral Distance and Multicultural Ideology
Authors: Parisse Chiara , Livi Stefano , Vezzali Loris , Cocco Veronica Margherita , Kosic Ankica , Pagliaro Stefano
Published: December 2024

The increase in migration and cultural diversity across various Western regions has highlighted the need to promote harmonious coexistence between those who migrate from other countries and the native populations. Promoting social harmony is the primary objective in both acculturation and intergroup contact research. Particularly relevant to this aim is the secondary transfer effect (STE), consisting in the spreading of the effects of contact with a primary outgroup to attitudes towards secondary outgroups uninvolved in the contact setting. This study aims to explore the STE of positive contact with African migrants (as the primary outgroup) on the acculturation behaviours of natives, and specifically, how these behaviours affect natives' prointegration actions towards refugees (as the secondary outgroup). To achieve this objective, we also investigated two potential underlying processes: natives' perceived moral distance, linked to the STE and contact literature, and natives' multicultural ideology, associated with natives' acculturation preferences. We hypothesised that positive interactions of Italian adults (N = 280) with African migrants would be associated with natives' prorefugee behaviours through natives' perceived moral distance towards African migrants and their multicultural ideology. Logistic SEM analysis revealed indirect effects through the two hypothesised mediators, emphasising their role in driving natives' prorefugee behaviours.
Antiparasitic Activity of Coumarin–Chalcone (3‐Cinnamoyl‐2H‐Chromen‐2‐Ones) Hybrids
Authors: Valencia Sebastián , Quiñones Winston , Robledo Sara , Marín‐Loaiza Juan Camilo , Durango Diego , Gil Jesús
Published: December 2024

Coumarin–chalcone hybrids are promising compounds that could be used as lead structures in the fight against parasitic diseases. In this work, 16 hybrids of coumarin–chalcone (3‐cinnamoyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones) were synthesized, and their in vitro biological activity was evaluated against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi, as well as their cytotoxicity in the U‐937 cell line. Compounds (E)‐3‐(3‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)‐7‐methoxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (H25) and (E)‐7‐(diethylamino)‐3‐(4‐(methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (H12) showed the highest antileishmanial activity with EC50 values of 18.6 ± 3.5 and 25.6 ± 0.4 µM, respectively. In general, all 16 compounds exhibited moderate‐to‐high antitrypanosomal activity. The H25 hybrid also demonstrated the greatest antitrypanosomal activity, with an EC50 value of 13.2 ± 0.4 µM. Notably, the H25 hybrid displayed activity similar to that of benznidazole, which is known for its antiparasitic effects against T. cruzi. The results indicated that all compounds met the drug‐like properties criteria. Taking into account the high antiparasitic activity of H25, a molecular docking study with the enzyme trypanothione reductase was performed. The substituent at C7 in the coumarinyl system is an important structural requirement for the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities.
Oligoadenine Strand Functionalized Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Film Exhibiting pH‐Triggered High‐Degree Inverse Shape Deformations
Authors: Yin Mengyuan , Hu Xiaohong , Chen Yu , Liang Hanxue , Shen Yuxin , Guo Weiwei
Published: December 2024

Smart shape‐memory DNA hydrogels, which can respond to various types of external stimuli and undergo macroscopic shape deformations, have shown great potential in various applications. By constructing free‐standing films, the deformation and response properties of these hydrogels can be further enhanced, and visualized deformation can be achieved. However, DNA hydrogels that can exhibit rapid and high‐degree shape deformations, such as the inverse shape deformations, are still lacking. Herein, free‐standing oligoadenine strand‐functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel films were developed that can exhibit reversible and high degree of inverse shape deformation upon cyclic pH changes. The oligoadenine strands exhibit a pH‐stimulated reversible conformational transition between a flexible single‐stranded state and parallel duplex A‐motif structures, resulting in their role change in the film from negatively charged side chains to “head‐to‐head” crosslinking structures, driving a high degree of inverse shape deformation with a relative bending angle change of 223.7 % of the film, which is more than 5 times that of a film driven by pH‐responsive i‐motif structures, facilitating the development of bilayer hydrogel film actuators with potential in flexible sensors and robots.
Protein‐metabolite Interactions Based on Chemical Targeting Methods
Authors: Sun Shuzhe , Li Chuntong , Hou Hongwei , Li Jinghong
Published: December 2024

The importance of the protein‐metabolite interaction network extends beyond its relevance to life sciences focused on proteins, it also profoundly influences its mechanisms related to disease targets, drug screening, and clinical diagnosis and treatment. Research methods targeting protein‐metabolite interaction focus on enhancing the detectable signals of specific interactions by examining the structural characteristics of both proteins and metabolites in conjunction with chemical molecules, playing a crucial role in elucidating the protein‐metabolite interaction network. Consequently, this article outlines several chemical targeting strategies developed in recent years and provides examples of their applications in the discovery and interpretation of new protein‐metabolite interaction pathways. Finally, a brief summary will be presented regarding technological advances, research prospects, and current challenges of protein‐metabolite interaction research.
Using visual methods to further enhance qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Silveira Bianchim Mayara , France Emma F. , Noyes Jane
Published: December 2024

Background

The use of visual methods in qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) adds a valuable dimension to the synthesis process by enhancing understanding and knowledge generation. Visual methods are currently underused and underreported in QES.

Methods

This is the first study to describe accessible visual methods that support various stages of QES and to show the application of visual methods to a Cochrane QES of 43 studies using meta‐ethnography and systematic review methods. This study also addresses the involvement of stakeholders including the public, practical considerations of equity, diversity, inclusion, and reflexivity in the selection and application of visual methods.

Results

In a novel approach, the review authors utilized a combination of remote and in‐person visual methods to initiate and develop their synthesis, involving stakeholders throughout the process. The review authors used methods including paper labels, cartoons, infographics, virtual whiteboards, and diagrams. The rigorous use of visual methods in the QES facilitated data visualization, remote analysis meetings, interpretation of extensive data, and meaningful patient and public involvement.

Conclusion

QES authors are encouraged to consider the use of visual methods, particularly when involving the public in the synthesis process. When selecting visual methods, authors should consider how they align with the study's objectives, suit the stage of synthesis, might enhance analysis, their available resources, and the team's technical skills.
PDA/PMMA Blend Membrane Utilized for the Selective Adsorption and Separation of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Yuan Siqi , Li Xiaoqiang , Ding Zongqing , Periyasami Govindasami , Quan Jiaxin , Li Haibing
Published: December 2024

The detrimental effects of heavy metal aqueous pollution are attracting people's attention increasingly. Membrane separation technology plays a pivotal role in the treatment of aqueous pollution due to its low energy consumption and excellent separation effect. Inspired by the strong adhesion of heavy metal ions by the dopamine in mussel protein, we have fabricated the 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % proportion of polydopamine (PDA)/Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend membranes with dopamine structure by solvent‐induced phase conversion. I−V current, UV titration and transmission tests examined the membrane's selective adsorption and retention capabilities for Fe3+, Cu2+ and Cr3+. These experiments indicated the different selectivity for Fe3+ of four blend membranes with varying PDA/PMMA fractions. Based on Langmuir's adsorption theory, the 10 % blend membranes exhibited the most outstanding selective adsorption for Fe3+ with an LOD of 4.724×10–9 M. Moreover, the ability to retain Fe3+ is still close to 100 % after 48 h of transmission. This study manifested that the PDA/PMMA blend membrane is capable of adsorbing trace amounts of Fe3+ from water, thereby contributing to aqueous purification.
Electrocatalytic HER Performance of [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimics Bearing M‐salen Moieties (M=Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn)
Authors: Aguado Sergio , Gómez‐Gallego Mar , Casarrubios Luis , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: December 2024

The synthesis and characterization of novel compounds (5‐8) as mimetics of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase, combining two distinct systems capable of participating in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER): the [(μ‐adt)Fe2(CO)6] fragment and M‐salen complexes (salen=N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) (M=Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn), is reported. These complexes were synthesized in high yields via a three‐step procedure from N,N′‐bis(4‐R‐salicylidene)ethanediamine) 4 [R=Fe2(CO)6(μ‐SCH2)2NCOCH2O]. Structural analysis through spectroscopic, spectrometric, and computational (DFT) methods confirmed distorted tetrahedral and square‐planar geometries for Zn‐salen and Ni‐salen complexes (5 and 6) respectively, while complexes Fe‐salen 7 and Mn‐salen 8 exhibit square‐based pyramidal structures typical of Fe(III) and Mn(III) high‐spin salen‐complexes. Electrochemical studies revealed different reduction events for [(μ‐adt)Fe2(CO)6] and M‐salen moieties, but the electrocatalytic experiments in TFA demonstrated a clear cooperative effect between these components, especially at higher acid concentrations. Notably, the Ni‐salen (6), Fe‐salen (7), and Mn‐salen (8) complexes exhibit significant reductions in overpotential, highlighting their potential for enhanced catalytic performance.
Chiral Mesostructured Yb3+, Er3+ Codoped CeO2 with Upconverted Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Wei Hong , Wang Jiao , Han Lu , Duan Yingying
Published: December 2024

Upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC‐CPL) active organic and organic‐inorganic composite materials have garnered increasing attention due to their vast potential applications in areas such as 3D displays, encryptions, spintronics and optoelectronic devices. However, effective methods for fabricating chiral inorganic materials exhibiting UC‐CPL remain a challenge. Herein, we propose an approach for the synthesis of UC‐CPL active chiral mesostructured CeO2 powders (CMCs) via a hydrothermal growth method, using L/D‐aspartic acid as symmetry‐breaking and structure‐directing agents. Two levels of chirality exist in CMCs: primary nanoplates constructed from nanoparticles and the helical stacking of these nanoplates to form a twisting nanofusiform. Yb3+ and Er3+ ions can be codoped into the CMCs through a one‐step synthesis to achieve UC‐CPL. The 1 % Yb3+, 1 % Er3+ codoped CMCs exhibited absorption‐based optical activities in the range of 350–500 nm, similar to undoped CMCs, and displayed circularly polarized luminescence in the range of 520–610 nm under the excitation by a 980 nm laser. This luminescence is attributable to the energy transfer process between Yb3+ and Er3+. This work may provide new insights into designing chiral photon upconversion inorganic materials.
Improved H2O2 Photogeneration on KBr Doped‐Polymeric Carbon Nitride Via Optimize the Oxygen Reduction Path
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Pengye , Zhang Haonan , Wang Shuai , Jiao Gaiyan , Wu Wenting , Wu Mingbo
Published: December 2024

The photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from oxygen (O2) represents a promising catalytic pathway, the limited efficiency of the oxygen reduction constitutes a primary barrier to enhancing production. In this content, alkali metal potassium (K+) and Br‐doped g‐C3N4 photocatalysts (K‐CN) were successfully constructed by one‐pot method. The introduction of K+ is not only beneficial to the transmission of space charge and the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, but also promotes the efficient production of H2O2 by 2e− oxygen reduction reaction. The introduction of Br− promotes O2 converted to triplet state and triggers energy transfer process to increase 1O2 production, O2 adsorption was facilitated through regulating the oxygen evolution (O2→1O2), which is beneficial to the subsequent oxygen reduction process. The results showed that the H2O2 yield of 0.05 K‐CN catalyst reached 26.0 mmol g−1 h−1, which was more than 5 times that of pure g‐C3N4.
A Shape‐Memory and Durable Transparent Polyacrylate Film Integrated by Soft‐Rigid Chains
Authors: Si Jia , Zhu Xingtong , Wei Yun , Li Zhenyu , Xu Jiajun , Ren Xiuyan
Published: December 2024

Flexible film in display requires multi‐functional integration, such as stretchability, flexibility, abrasion resistance, transparency, and shape memory. In this paper, a reasonable design strategy of flexible polyacrylate (PA) film with high transparency, shape memory, excellent abrasion resistance and foldability is presented. The PA films are prepared by free radical polymerization of vinyl‐terminated polyurethane (PU) prepolymer as a cross‐linking agent and acrylate monomers in ultraviolet (UV) light. The various acrylate monomers in PA films with different functional groups (e. g. epoxy groups, benzene rings) provide soft‐rigid chains and hydrogen bonds, which improve overall mechanical and optical properties. The experimental results also effectively demonstrate that after folding performance (500 cycles) or abrasion resistance (1000 cycles), the transparency of PA film remained above 91 %. In addition, the PA films with different folded shapes also prove excellent shape memory, which can fix the folded shape at low temperature and then return to the original shape at room temperature. Notably, the PA film is successfully applied to the curved touch screen through drawing, pattern decoding and image magnification in the simulation practical demonstration, fully revealing its great significance as a flexible substrate in the development of future flexible displays.