bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Comfort and Optimum Humidity Part 2
Authors: Jokl M. V.
Published: March 2021

The hydrothermal microclimate is the main component in indoor comfort. The optimum hydrothermal level can be ensured by suitable changes in the sources of heat and water vapor within the building, changes in the environment (the interior of the building) and in the people exposed to the conditions inside the building. A change in the heat source and the source of water vapor involves improving the heat - insulating properties and the air permeability of the peripheral walls and especially of the windows. The change in the environment will bring human bodies into balance with the environment. This can be expressed in terms of an optimum or at least an acceptable globe temperature, an adequate proportion of radiant heat within the total amount of heat from the environment (defined by the difference between air and wall temperature), uniform cooling of the human body by the environment, defined a) by the acceptable temperature difference between head and ankles, b) by acceptable temperature variations during a shift (location unchanged), or during movement from one location to another without a change of clothing. Finally, a moisture balance between man and the environment is necessary (defined by acceptable relative air humidity). A change for human beings means a change of clothes which, of course, is limited by social acceptance in summer and by inconvenient heaviness in winter. The principles of optimum heating and cooling, humidification and dehumidification are presented in this paper.Hydrothermal comfort in an environment depends on heat and humidity flows (heat and water vapors), occurring in a given space in a building interior and affecting the total state of the human organism.
Numerical Modelling of Overburden Deformations
Authors: Barták J. , Hilar M. , Pruška J.
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the application and verification of mathematical models of the effect of supporting measures on the reduction of overburden deformations. The study of the behaviour of the models is divided into three parts: reduction of the tunnelling effects on the Minorit monastery by means of a jet-grouting curtain; the behaviour of the Hvížďalka backfilled tunnel and a numerical analysis of the supporting measures affecting the tunnel deformations of the Mrázovka tunnel in Prague.
System Framework for the Design of an Avionics Architecture with Upgrade Potential
Authors: Rao N. , Kusumo R. , Sinha A. K. , Scott M. L.
Published: March 2021

The technological growth of ‘avionics systems’ has outpaced the service-life of aircraft, resulting in avionics upgrade as a preferred cost-effective option to new design. Mid-life upgrade of “avionics systems“ by state-of-the-art mission systems has been a challenging engineering task. The complexity of avionics upgrade process is due to the design rigidity of avionics systems architecture. An avionics architecture with growth potential is required to optimise avionics upgrade with state-of-the-art systems. A research program that partially addresses avionics systems upgrade by developing a methodology to design an avionics architecture with in-built growth potential is discussed in this research paper. A ‘system approach’ is adopted to develop a methodology that identifies the design parameters that will facilitate design of an avionics architecture with upgrade potential.
A Low-complexity Wavelet Based Algorithm for Inter-frame Image Prediction
Authors: Usama S. , Šimák B.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a novel multi-resolution variable block size algorithm (MRVBS) is introduced. It is based on: (1) Using the wavelet components of the seven sub-bands from two layers of wavelet pyramid in the lowest resolution; (2) Performing a block matching estimation within a nine-block only in each sub-band of the lower layer; (3) Scaling the estimated motion vectors and using them as a new search center for the finest resolution. The motivation for using the multi-resolution approach is the inherent structure of the wavelet representation. A multi-resolution scheme significantly reduces the searching time, and provides a smooth motion vector field. The approach presented in this paper providing an accurate motion estimate even in the presence of single and mixed noise. As a part of this framework, a comparison of the Full search (FS) algorithm, the three-step search (TSS) algorithm and the new algorithm (MRVBS) is presented. For a small addition in computational complexity over a simple TSS algorithm, the new algorithm achieves good results in the presence of noise.
Mixing Suspensions in Slender Tanks
Authors: Rieger F. , Rzyski E.
Published: March 2021

Industrial suspension mixing processes are carried out both in standard tanks (H/D =1) and in the tanks with height H/D > 1. When only one impeller is used in such slender tanks, it may be difficult to produce a suspension of desired homogeneity. Hence it may be necessary to install a larger number of impellers on the shaft.The aim of this study was to explain the mechanism of suspension formation in slender tanks (H/D = 2) with an increased number of impellers. On the basis of the solid bed height on the tank bottom, the position of the suspension - water interface and the concentration profile of solid particles in the suspension (standard deviation of solid body concentration) the operation of the impellers was estimated and conclusions were drawn on how and at what distance from each other to install them were presented.The location of the upper, highest impeller appeared to be specially significant. On the basis of this study it is recommended to locate the upper impeller so that its distance from the free liquid surface is less than 0.8 D. It was found that such a position of the highest impeller was also advantageous from the energy point of view.
Macro-instabilities of a Suspension in an Axially Agitated Mixing Tank
Authors: Jahoda M. , Machoň V. , Vlach L. , Fořt I.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with an experimental assessment of the occurrence of flow macro-instabilities in a mechanically stirred suspension and visual observation of the origination and extinction of macro-vortices. The mean frequency of the occurrence of macro-instabilities in operational conditions was also observed. The experiments were carried out in a cylindrical vessel with an inner diameter of 0.19 m, and an axial stirrer with six pitched 45° blades (PBT) was used. The diameter of the stirrer was equal to half of the vessel diameter. The mean frequencies of the occurrence of macro-instabilities were determined at the stirrer frequency for just suspended conditions in dependence on solids concentration and impeller clearance (height of the stirrer above the bottom of the vessel).Two regions of origin of macro-instabilities and one region of extinction were determined visually. It was found that the mean frequency of occurrence of macro-instabilities increases with increasing stirrer frequency at constant concentration of solids. At constant stirrer speed, the frequency of occurrence of macro-instabilities decreases with increasing concentration of solids. At higher concentration of solids, a sharp change toward lower mean frequencies of macro-instabilities was observed.
Reliability of Human Subject - Artificial System Interactions
Authors: Novák M. , Faber J. , Votruba Z. , Přenosil V. , Tichý T. , Svoboda P. , Tatarinov V.
Published: March 2021

Main problems related to reliability of interaction between human subject and artificial system (namely of the transportation character) are discussed. The paper consists of three mayor parts:The first one is devoted to the theoretical backgrounds of the problem from the both theory of system reliability and neurology/psychology views.Second part presents the discussion of relevant methodologies of the classification and prediction of the reliability decline. The methodology based on EEG pattern analysis is chosen as the appropriate one for the presented task. The key phenomenon of "micro-sleep" is discussed in detail.The last part presents some latest experimental results in context of presented knowledge. Proposals for the future studies are presented at the end of the presented article. The special interest should be devoted to the analysis and in-time prediction of fatal attention decreases and to the design and construction of the respective on-board applicable warning system.
Prague Loretto - Measurements of Moisture Content in Sculptural Group Material
Authors: Římal J.
Published: March 2021

An innovative method of spatial measurement of the moisture distribution in a sculptural group has been developed and verified. This method facilitates monitoring of moisture distribution and, therefore, the condition of the sculptural group in a spatial perspective. The seven-month measurements were in order to take into account all climatic effects influencing the sculpture.These measurements resulted from the practical requirement to provide source material for future conservation interventions to be conducted on the sculptural group in the Prague Loretto.
Temperature Effects in Acoustic Resonators
Authors: Červenka M. , Bednařík M. , Koníček P.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with problems of nonlinear standing waves in axisymetrically shaped acoustic resonators where a mean temperature is distributed along the axis.
Modified Glaser’s Condensation Model
Authors: Ficker T. , Podešvová Z.
Published: March 2021

Glaser's condensation scheme with incorporated non-isothermal diffusion is presented and its consequences are studied. Keywords: non-isothermal diffusion, partial pressure profile, condensation in building structures, Glaser's condensation scheme.
Modifing the Surface Layers of Mechanical Components
Authors: Slanec K. , Černý F. , Gurovič J. , Chmelík V.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the creation of thin surface layers prepared by the Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition Method (PACVD). Polished sample surfaces made of tool steel were used. An investigation of the dependence of layer thickness on process duration was carried out. The structure of the original surface and the structure of the coated surface were evaluated and compared. The microhardness of the surface areas was also measured.
Understanding the Order of Engineering Design Research
Authors: Horváth I.
Published: March 2021

Engineering design research manifests as a platform for exploration, description, arrangement, rationalization, and application of design knowledge. What we can see when we are looking at the research into engineering design is an almost chaotically fragmented picture. Is it possible to have a holistic view on the contents and internal relationships of engineering design research? This paper considers teleology, a reflection of a branch of philosophical speculations, as the doctrine of ordering knowledge of engineering design and structuring engineering design research accordingly. Teleology explains that the ultimate reason behind design is to sustain human existence and well being by virtual creation of artifacts and services for society. To this end, knowledge of engineering research is supposed to be transferred from the platform of scientific/theoretical exploration and comprehension to the platform of technical/pragmatic application. This implies a natural streaming of knowledge of engineering design. In order to make the teleological explanation operational, a framework of reasoning has been constructed by adopting the analogy of the source, channel and sink of a stream. To represent the source, channel and sink categories of engineering design knowledge, the author inaugurated nine categories in the framework. It has been hypothesized that the introduced categories are equally valid for research in engineering design as well as for the knowledge of engineering design. Within each category, research domains and trajectories have been defined. The proposed teleology-based framework lends itself to a better understanding of the disciplinary articulation and intrinsic relationships of engineering design research. It is hoped, among other things, to form a basis for a shared understanding, to make the influence of decisions on research programs more transparent, as well as to facilitate organizing subject materials for various design courses.
Heavy Load Rollers in Logistic Systems
Authors: Künne B. , Mehlan V. , Langenohl A.
Published: March 2021

Wheels with polyurethane bandages are in common use in logistic systems with friction gear actuation. Many research projects have studied the mechanical construction of these heavy load wheels. The studies have been theoretical as well as experimental. Research interests at the department of machine elements include the wear in the presence of intermediate material on the contact area between the bandage surface and the contact surface on which the wheel rolls off. This problem, which is observed when examining this tribochemical system, has not been studied before. Within this project both one-phase intermediate materials such as sand, water, cutting-cooling-emulsion, metal splinters and two-phase intermediate materials such as sand/water and combinations of the latter were taken into consideration. In addition, the exposure of the bandage hardness, the cross linking agent of the polyurethane, the mechanical stress, and the slip are observed. The analysis of the experimental results indicates that friction gear actuators can be constructed abrasion-optimised, taking into account special interfering effects in the form of intermediate materials in the contact area.
Indoor Air Quality Assessment Based on Human Physiology - Part 3. Applications
Authors: Jokl M. V.
Published: March 2021

The proposed evaluation system allows something quite new: a) the assessment of the effect of each environmental component (constituent) on the total environment level, b) accurate estimation of air volume for various locations, human occupations and sources of harmful gases. Additional benefits are listed at the conclusion of this part.
Wavelet-Based Embedded Rate Scalable Still Image Coders: A review
Authors: Elnagahy Farag Ibrahim Younis , Šimák B.
Published: March 2021

Embedded scalable image coding algorithms based on the wavelet transform have received considerable attention lately in academia and in industry in terms of both coding algorithms and standards activity. In addition to providing a very good coding performance, the embedded coder has the property that the bit stream can be truncated at any point and still decodes a reasonably good image. In this paper we present some state-of-the-art wavelet-based embedded rate scalable still image coders. In addition, the JPEG2000 still image compression standard is presented.
Magnetic Technique for Nondestructive Evaluation of Residual Stresses
Authors: Belyaev B. A. , Leksikov A. A. , Ovchinnikov S. G. , Kraus I. , Parshin A. S.
Published: March 2021

A technique has been designed for measuring planar components of stray fields from ferromagnetic samples placed in a constant magnetizing field. The technique is based on recording the field of magnetization reversal of a thin magnetic film with the small coercive force being the sensor device of a microwave detector. The possibility of measuring the deformation inhomogeneities caused by mechanical treatment when manufacturing products from ferromagnetic materials is demonstrated. The results of the magnetic measurements agree with the data from X-ray diffraction analysis.
Neural Networks for Self-tuning Control Systems
Authors: Ponce A. Noriega , Behar A. Aguado , Hernández A. Ordaz , Sitar V. Rauch
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we presented a self-tuning control algorithm based on a three layers perceptron type neural network. The proposed algorithm is advantageous in the sense that practically a previous training of the net is not required and some changes in the set-point are generally enough to adjust the learning coefficient. Optionally, it is possible to introduce a self-tuning mechanism of the learning coefficient although by the moment it is not possible to give final conclusions about this possibility. The proposed algorithm has the special feature that the regulation error instead of the net output error is retropropagated for the weighting coefficients modifications.
Effect of Temperature and Age of Concrete on Strength – Porosity Relation
Authors: Zadražil T. , Vodák F. , Kapičková O.
Published: March 2021

The compressive strengths of unsealed samples of concrete at the age of 180 days and have been measured at temperatures 20 °C, 300 °C, 600 °C and 900 °C. All of tests were performed for cold material. We compared our results with those obtained in [10] for the same type of concrete (age 28, resp. 90 days and measured at temperature ranging from 20 °C to 280 °C). Dependencies of compressive strength and porosity were correlated together and compared for the samples of age 28, 90 and 180 days. Behaviour of concrete of the age 90, resp. 180 days confirms generally accepted hypothesis that with increasing porosity strength of the concrete decreases. It has to be stressed out, howerer, that concrete samples of the age 28 days exhibit totally opposite dependency.
Control of Systems of Reservoirs with the Use of Risk Analysis
Authors: Fošumpaur P. , Satrapa L.
Published: March 2021

A system of reservoirs is usually defined as a system of water management elements, that are mutually linked by inner and outer connections in a purpose-built complex. Combined elements consist of reservoirs, river sections, dams, weirs, hydropower plants, water treatment plants and other hydraulic structures. These elements also include the rainfall system, the run-off system, the ground water system, etc. A system of reservoirs serves many purposes, which result from the basic functions of water reservoirs: storage, flood control and environmental functions. Most reservoirs serve several purposes at the same time. They are so called multi-purposes reservoirs. Optimum design and control of a system of reservoirs depends strongly on identifying the particular purposes. In order to assess these purposes and to evaluate the appropriate set of criteria, risk analysis can be used. Design and control of water reservoir functions is consequently solved with the use of multi-objective optimisation. This paper deals with the use of the risk analysis to determine criteria for controlling the system. This approach is tested on a case study of the Pastviny dam in the Czech Republic.
A Novel Approach to Power Circuit Breaker Design for Replacement of SF6
Authors: Telfer D. J. , Spencer J. W. , Jones G. R. , Humphries J. E.
Published: March 2021

This contribution explores the role of PTFE ablation in enhancing current interruption for various background gases in high voltage circuit breakers. An assessment of the current interruption capability has been made in terms of the arcing duration and the contact gap length at which critical arc extinction is achieved. These observations are supported by measurements of the magnitude of extinction and re-ignition voltage peaks. Most previous and other current experimental work on gas filled circuit breaker design follows conventional wisdom in investigating arcing behaviours at elevated gas pressures (usually up to 6 bar). But in this work we concentrate on the effects of using low gas pressures (less than 1 bar) in the presence of a close-fitting shield of ablatant polymer material (PTFE) that surrounds the electrode assembly of an experimental high power circuit breaker. We demonstrate that for several different gases, arc extinction capability compares well under these conditions with SF6, suggesting that SF6 could be replaced entirely in this novel system by more environmentally friendly gases. Moreover, the critical contact gap lengths at extinction are only slightly greater than when using SF6 at 6 bar. Weight loss measurements from the ablatant shield suggest that a chemical puffer action is the most likely mechanism for achieving the observed arc extinctions in this system.
Numerical Analysis of the Temperature Field in Luminaires
Authors: Murín J. , Kropáč M. , Fric R.
Published: March 2021

This paper contains a calculation of the thermal field caused by electro-heat in lighting devices. After specifying the heat sources, a thermal analysis is make using the finite element method and the equivalent thermal scheme method. The calculated results have been verified experimentally.
Programming a Logical Control Method by a Parallel Process
Authors: Jiroušek P.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the development of the problem oriented language PRIMAS for use in program control. It is based on virtual parallelism of the controlling program to make its hierarchical structure transparent. The author has also worked on the compiler and the control process simulator. This system enables verification of the control algorithm when there is no controlled machine and no control system. The PRIMAS language, compiler and simulator were developed and applied to real tasks, in the course of work on the author`s PhD dissertation.
Eigenstructure Assignment by State-derivative and Partial Output-derivative Feedback for Linear Time-invariant Control Systems
Authors: Abdelaziz T. H. S. , Valášek M.
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces a parametric approach for solving the problem of eigenstructure assignment via state-derivative feedback for linear control time-invariant systems. This problem is always solvable for any controllable systems if the open-loop system matrix is nonsingular. In this work, the parametric solution to the feedback gain matrix is introduced that describes the available degrees of freedom offered by the state-derivative feedback in selecting the associated eigenvectors from an admissible class. These freedoms can be utilized to improve the robustness of the closed-loop system. Finally, the eigenstructure assignment problem via partial output-derivative feedback is introduced. Numerical examples are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform in Ultrasonic Defectoscopy
Authors: Matz V. , Kreidl M. , Šmíd R.
Published: March 2021

In ultrasonic testing it is very important to recognize the fault echoes buried in a noisy signal. The fault echo characterizes a flaw in the material. An important requirement on ultrasonic signal filtering is zero-time shift, because the position of ultrasonic echoes is essential. This requirement is accomplished using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), which is used for reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. This paper evaluates the quality of filtering using the discrete wavelet transform. Additional computer simulations of the proposed algorithms are presented.
Mechanical, Hygric and Thermal Properties of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum
Authors: Tesárek P. , Drchalová J. , Kolísko J. , Rovnaníková P. , Černý R.
Published: March 2021

The reference measurements of basic mechanical, thermal and hygric parameters of hardened flue gas desulfurization gypsum are carried out. Moisture diffusivity, water vapor diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and linear thermal expansion coefficient are determined with the primary aim of comparison with data obtained for various types of modified gypsum in the future.
Temperature of Steel Columns under Natural Fire
Authors: Wald F. , Studecká P. , Kroupa L.
Published: March 2021

Current fire design models for time-temperature development within structural elements as well as for structural behaviour are based on isolated member tests subjected to standard fire regimes, which serve as a reference heating, but do not model natural fire. Only tests on a real structure under a natural fire can evaluate future models of the temperature developments in a fire compartment, of the transfer of heat into the structure and of the overall structural behaviour under fire.To study overall structural behaviour, a research project was conducted on an eight storey steel frame building at the  Cardington Building Research Establishment laboratory on January 16, 2003. A fire compartment 11×7 m was prepared on the fourth floor. A fire load of 40 kg/m2 was applied with 100 % permanent mechanical load and 65 % of imposed load. The paper summarises the experimental programme and shows the temperature development of the gas in the fire compartment and of the fire protected columns bearing the unprotected floors.
Modeling by Petri Nets
Authors: Kubátová H.
Published: March 2021

One specific model of a digital system in different types of Petri nets is presented. The formal definitions of the basic (black-and-white) Petri net, a place/transition net (P/T net), an arc-constant coloured Petri net (ac-CPN) and a coloured Petri net (CPN) are presented and explained on the basis of this example. Real models of dining philosophers, a producer-consumer system and railway tracks are described.
The Design and Development of Enhanced Thermal Desorption Products
Authors: Humble R. , Millward H. , Mumby A. , Price R.
Published: March 2021

This research study is based on a knowledge-transfer collaboration between The National Centre for Product Design and Development Research (PDR) and Markes International Ltd. The aim of the two-year collaboration has been to implement design tools and techniques for the development of enhanced thermal desorption products. Thermal desorption is a highly-specialised technique for the analysis of trace-level volatile organic compounds. This technique allows minute quantities of these compounds to be measured; however, there is an increasing demand from customers for greater sensitivity over a wider range of applications, which means new design methodologies need to be evaluated. The thermal desorption process combines a number of disparate chemical, thermal and mechanical disciplines, and the major design constraints arise from the need to cycle the sample through extremes in temperature. Following the implementation of a comprehensive product design specification, detailed design solutions have been developed using the latest 3D CAD techniques. The impact of the advanced design techniques is assessed in terms of improved product performance and reduced development times, and the wider implications of new product development within small companies are highlighted.
Solid Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of an Overhead Crane Bridge
Authors: Alkin C. , Imrak C. E. , Kocabas H.
Published: March 2021

The design of an overhead crane bridge with a double box girder has been investigated and a case study of a crane with 35 ton capacity and 13 m span length has been conducted. In the initial phase of the case study, conventional design calculations proposed by F. E. M. Rules and DIN standards were performed to verify the stress and deflection levels. The crane design was modeled using both solids and surfaces. Finite element meshes with 4-node tetrahedral and 4-node quadrilateral shell elements were generated from the solid and shell models, respectively. After a comparison of the finite element analyses, the conventional calculations and performance of the existing crane, the analysis with quadratic shell elements was found to give the most realistic results. As a result of this study, a design optimization method for an overhead crane is proposed.
Measurement of Two Phase Flow
Authors: Novotný J. , Nožička J. , Adamec J. , Nováková L.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the results of experiments with moist wet steam. The aim of the experiment was to measure the velocity of the growth of a condensing nucleus in wet steam dependent on the velocity of condensation. For the experiments in wet steam an experimental setup was designed and constructed, which generated superheated steam at lowered pressure and a temperature of 50 °C. Low pressure and temperature of the hot vapour was chosen in order to minimize the risk of accidental disruption of the wall. The size of the condensing nucleus was measured by the method of Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI). The IPI method is a technique for determining the particle size of transparent and spherical particles based on calculating the fringes captured on a CCD array. The number of fringes depends on the particle size and on the optical configuration. The experimental setup used is identical with the setup for measuring flow by the stereo PIV method. The only difference is the use of a special camera mount comprising a transparent mirror and enabling both cameras to be focused to one point. We present the results of the development of the growth of a condensing nucleus and histograms of the sizes of all measured particles depending on position and condensation velocity.
A Model of the Distribution of Wealth in Society
Authors: Lavička H. , Slanina F.
Published: March 2021

A model of the distribution of wealth in society will be presented. The model is based on an agent-based Monte Carlo simulation where interaction (exchange of wealth) is allowed along the edges of a small-world network. The interaction is like inelastic scattering and it is characterized by two constants. Simulations of the model show that the distribution behaves as a power-law and it agrees with results of Pareto.
Condition Indicators for Gearbox Condition Monitoring Systems
Authors: Večeř P. , Kreidl M. , Šmíd R.
Published: March 2021

Condition monitoring systems for manual transmissions based on vibration diagnostics are widely applied in industry. The systems deal with various condition indicators, most of which are focused on a specific type of gearbox fault. Frequently used condition indicators (CIs) are described in this paper. The ability of a selected condition indicator to describe the degree of gearing wear was tested using vibration signals acquired during durability testing of manual transmission with helical gears.
Effectiveness of ultrasonography and shear wave sonoelastography in Sjögren syndrome with salivary gland involvement
Authors: Oruk Yunus Emre , Çildağ Mehmet Burak , Karaman Can Zafer , Çildağ Songül
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of major salivary gland ultrasonography (MSGUS) using a new grading system and shear wave elastography (SWE) in evaluating the major salivary glands of patients with Sjögren syndrome (SjS).Methods: This prospectively-designed cross-sectional study included 49 SjS patients and 49 healthy controls. Major salivary glands were examined with gray-scale ultrasonography and SWE. A new grading system for salivary glands was developed using MSGUS findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MSGUS and shear wave velocity (SWV) values were investigated. The MSGUS grading system and SWV values were evaluated together by logistic regression analysis. A cutoff value of SWE for salivary glands was determined.Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MSGUS were 69.4%, 73.5%, 72.3%, and 70.6% for the submandibular gland and 69.4%, 65.3%, 66.7%, and 68.1% for the parotid gland, respectively. The mean SWV values of the parotid and submandibular glands were significantly higher in SjS patients than in controls (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the submandibular gland (cutoff, 1.95 m/s) and the parotid gland (cutoff, 2.39 m/s) were 69.4%, 52%, 59.1%, and 63% and 82.7%, 83.7%, 83.5%, and 82.8%, respectively. Adding SWE to the parotid gland grading system increased the sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity, 82.7%; specificity, 83.7%).Conclusion: Evaluating the salivary glands using MSGUS with a new grading system and SWE may contribute to the diagnosis of SjS. The combination of MSGUS and SWE may be a promising tool for diagnosing SjS.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Santiago de Compostela (1526–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David , Spolverini Gaia
Published: March 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Santiago de Compostela from its inception in 1526 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
La dimension néoplatonicienne du Fondement Ignatien (au contexte du tout des Exercices spirituels de saint Ignace de Loyola
Authors: Sprutta Justyna
Published: March 2021

God is the foundation and goal of man. The way to God, from the state of disgrace to a happy relationship with God, is also the “foundation” of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola, including the Foundation. In the Foundation there is a Neoplatonic way to God as absolute Good− Truth−Beauty. The spiritual way, continued in Weeks of the Ignatian retreat, includes the stages of purification, enlightenment and unification. This way is thus also an existential principle present in Christian Neoplatonism, having its reception in all cycle of Ignatian Exercises. The article to concern the relationship between the theology of the Foundation and Christian Neoplatonism, with reference to the whole of the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola.
FlashP
Authors: Yan Shuyuan , Ding Bolin , Guo Wei , Zhou Jingren , Wei Zhewei , Jiang Xiaowei , Xu Sheng
Published: March 2021

Interactive response time is important in analytical pipelines for users to explore a sufficient number of possibilities and make informed business decisions. We consider a forecasting pipeline with large volumes of high-dimensional time series data. Real-time forecasting can be conducted in two steps. First, we specify the part of data to be focused on and the measure to be predicted by slicing, dicing, and aggregating the data. Second, a forecasting model is trained on the aggregated results to predict the trend of the specified measure. While there are a number of forecasting models available, the first step is the performance bottleneck. A natural idea is to utilize sampling to obtain approximate aggregations in real time as the input to train the forecasting model. Our scalable real-time forecasting system FlashP (Flash Prediction) is built based on this idea, with two major challenges to be resolved in this paper: first, we need to figure out how approximate aggregations affect the fitting of forecasting models, and forecasting results; and second, accordingly, what sampling algorithms we should use to obtain these approximate aggregations and how large the samples are. We introduce a new sampling scheme, called GSW sampling, and analyze error bounds for estimating aggregations using GSW samples. We introduce how to construct compact GSW samples with the existence of multiple measures to be analyzed. We conduct experiments to evaluate our solution its alternatives on real data.
Hypercorrection and velar-to-labial change in Occitan preterites
Authors: Esher Louise
Published: March 2021

Among the distinctive features of Occitan varieties spoken in the vicinity of Toulouse is the existence of preterite desinences with a thematic labial (e.g. cantèbi [kanˈtɛβi] ‘sing.prt.1sg’), or without a thematic consonant at all (e.g. cantèi [kanˈtɛ.i] ‘sing.prt.1sg’). Such forms contrast with those ordinarily attested in Occitan, where preterite desinences are typically characterised by a thematic rhotic (e.g. cantèri [kanˈtɛɾi] ‘sing.prt.1sg’), while thematic labials are associated solely with first-conjugation imperfect desinences (e.g. cantavi [kanˈtaβi] ‘sing.ipf.ind.1sg’). This study draws on data from textual sources and linguistic atlases in order to elucidate the development of the Toulousain labial preterites, which are shown to emerge during the course of the eighteenth century, replacing earlier forms in which preterite desinences systematically presented a thematic velar (e.g. cantègui [kanˈtɛɣi] ‘sing.prt.1sg’). Since both intervocalic /b/ and /ɡ/ are subject to deletion in Toulousain varieties, it is argued that the development of the labial preterites is not due to direct analogy from the imperfect indicative, but rather to a perception-based change in which speakers miscategorised tokens of /ɡ/ tending to zero as tokens of /b/, and thereby introduced thematic labials into preterite forms. Forms lacking a thematic consonant result directly from deletion of /ɡ/.
Para a tradição textual daCrónica de 1344: dois manuscritos da versão original
Authors: Bautista Francisco , Alves Moreira Filipe
Published: March 2021

TheCrónica Geral de Espanha de 1344is one of the most important historical works of the Iberian Middle Ages, but it presents also a complex and lacunar manuscript tradition. This work presents two new manuscripts of this chronicle, tracing its history and establishing its place in the manuscript tradition. The text of theCrónica de 1344copied in these two manuscripts, although fragmentary, is of great importance, since it covers the final part of the chronicle, precisely the least well known. The analysis of its text and the comparison with the other manuscripts of the chronicle and its sources reveals that these new testimonies contain a copy of the original version, of which, until now, no copies were known.
Green-Lean-Digital als Leitbild für die nachhaltige Fabrik der Zukunft
Authors: Roesch Martin , Köberlein Jana , Goldmanns Marc , Hohmann Andrea
Published: March 2021

Aufgrund der steigenden Bedeutung der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit werden produzierende Unternehmen nach der schlanken Produktion („Lean“) sowie der Digitalisierung („Digital“) zunehmend von der grünen Welle („Green“) erfasst. Der vorliegende Beitrag leitet das Leitbild der „Green-Lean-Digital Factory“ ab, welches auf den bisherigen Lean- und Digital-Ansätzen aufbaut, um letztendlich eine gleichzeitige Maximierung von Effizienz und Nachhaltigkeit zu erreichen.*
Rollenverständnisse in der Lean-Kultur
Authors: Maibaum Miriam , Weber Marc-André
Published: March 2021

Die Integration von Lean Management fordert nicht nur die stringente Anwendung entsprechender Methoden und Werkzeuge, sondern auch eine Änderung im Verhalten der Führungskräfte und Mitarbeiter. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Führungsverhalten von Managern ihren Mitarbeitern gegenüber und der Entwicklung der Mitarbeiter mithilfe von Ansätzen des Lean Managements. Durch die Ausführungen zeigt der Beitrag, dass Mitarbeiter und ihre Fähigkeiten durch eine lernfördernde Umgebung explizit gestärkt werden können.*
Experimental Investigation on Flank Wear of the Tool in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Turning of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Sivareddy D. Venkata , Krishna P. Vamsi , Gopal A. Venu
Published: March 2021

High cutting temperatures developed during machining of Ti6Al4V alloy diminish the tool life by rapid increase in rate of tool wear. The high cutting temperatures increase the chemical reactivity of the workpiece with tool material and form the localized temperature zones at the vicinity of cutting tool edge. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning (UVAT) is an effective cutting technique in which tangential vibrations are provided to the cutting tool. The reduced cutting force and temperature improve the tool life in the UVAT process. In the present study, flank wear of the uncoated carbide cutting tool has been studied in UVAT processes at various cutting speeds (90, 120, and 150 m/min) and ultrasonic powers (80, 90, and 100 %). The flank wear of the tool is measured with a scanning electron microscope, and it is observed that tool wear is low in UVAT compared with the conventional turning (CT) process. Fracture of the cutting edge of the tool is observed in CT because of high compressive stresses with the high cutting temperature, which did not occur in the UVAT process. The growth of average and maximum flank wear with cutting velocity is low in UVAT, whereas rapid growth is observed in the CT process. From the experimental results, tool life improvement is observed in UVAT compared with CT at an average flank wear of 300 µm; however, this improvement is decreased with an increase in cutting speed in the order of 62, 53.2, and 32 % for 90, 120, and 150 m/min, respectively, at 100 % ultrasonic power. Similarly, tool life is improved with an increase in ultrasonic power in the order of 18, 55, and 62 % for 80, 90, and 100 % ultrasonic power, respectively, at 90 m/min cutting speed.
Large-Scale and Multiscale Networks in the Rodent Brain during Novelty Exploration
Authors: Cohen Michael X , Englitz Bernhard , França Arthur S. C.
Published: March 2021

Neural activity is coordinated across multiple spatial and temporal scales, and these patterns of coordination are implicated in both healthy and impaired cognitive operations. However, empirical cross-scale investigations are relatively infrequent, because of limited data availability and to the difficulty of analyzing rich multivariate datasets. Here, we applied frequency-resolved multivariate source-separation analyses to characterize a large-scale dataset comprising spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity recorded simultaneously in three brain regions (prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus) in freely-moving mice. We identified a constellation of multidimensional, inter-regional networks across a range of frequencies (2–200 Hz). These networks were reproducible within animals across different recording sessions, but varied across different animals, suggesting individual variability in network architecture. The theta band (∼4–10 Hz) networks had several prominent features, including roughly equal contribution from all regions and strong inter-network synchronization. Overall, these findings demonstrate a multidimensional landscape of large-scale functional activations of cortical networks operating across multiple spatial, spectral, and temporal scales during open-field exploration.
ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS İLE EKSTRASELÜLER LİPAZ ÜRETİMİ VE KAREKTERİZASYONU
Authors: ACU Esra , KILIÇ Volkan , KIVANÇ Merih
Published: March 2021

Süt ve ürünlerinden izole edilen 50 laktik asit bakterisinin lipaz aktivitesi taranmıştır. E114 ve E114.11 numaralı izolatlarda yüksek aktivite görülmesi nedeniyle enzim üretimi için seçilmiştir. 16S rRNA gen bölgesine göre test bakterilerinin dizi analizi sonuçları Enterococcus durans olarak belirlenmiştir. Lipaz üretimi için optimum üretim koşulları belirlenmiştir. Bu koşullar: Azot ve karbon kaynağı olarak %5 pepton ve %5 glikoz ile hazırlanan besi ortamının sağlanması, pH 6.5'te 48 saat 120 rpm'de çalkalama ve 40-60°C de inkübasyondur. E. durans izolatlarına ait enzimler en yüksek aktiviteyi pH’ı 9 olan ve %20 tuz içeren ortamda göstermiştir. Çeşitli katyonların ve yüzey aktif maddelerin etkisinin farklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Enzimler düşük ve yüksek sıcaklıklarda aktivite göstermektedir. Ayrıca 5°C de 48 saat boyunca enzim aktivitesinin stabil kalması da gıda endüstrisi için önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle et ve süt ürünleri gibi fermente ürünlerde lezzet kazandırılması amacıyla kullanılabilirliği umut vericidir.
Single-blind test of airplane-based hyperspectral methane detection via controlled releases
Authors: Sherwin Evan D. , Chen Yuanlei , Ravikumar Arvind P. , Brandt Adam R.
Published: March 2021

Methane leakage from point sources in the oil and gas industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of such emissions come from a small fraction of “super-emitting” sources. We evaluate the emission detection and quantification capabilities of Kairos Aerospace’s airplane-based hyperspectral imaging methane emission detection system for methane fluxes of 18–1,025 kg per hour of methane (kgh(CH4)). In blinded controlled releases of methane conducted over 4 days in San Joaquin County, CA, Kairos detected 182 of 200 valid nonzero releases, including all 173 over 15 kgh(CH4) per meter per second (mps) of wind and none of the 12 nonzero releases below 8.3 kgh(CH4)/mps. Nine of the 26 releases in the partial detection range of 5–15 kgh(CH4)/mps were detected. There were no false positives: Kairos did not detect methane during any of the 21 negative controls. Plume quantification accuracy depends on the wind measurement technique, with a parity slope of 1.15 (σ = 0.037, R2 = 0.84, N = 185) using a cup-based wind meter and 1.45 (σ = 0.059, R2 = 0.80, N = 157) using an ultrasonic anemometer. Performance is comparable even with only modeled wind data. For emissions above 15 kgh/mps, quantification error scales as roughly 30%–40% of emission size, even when using wind reanalysis data instead of ground-based measurements. This reflects both uncertainty in wind measurements and in Kairos’ estimates. These findings suggest that at 2 mps winds under favorable environmental conditions in the United States, Kairos could detect and quantify over 50% of total emissions by identifying super-emitting sources.
Public Transportation as a Spatial Marker
Authors: Veber Jaka
Published: March 2021

Potential benefits of public transportation as a spatial element are going to be examined. This can relate to permanent infrastructure such as rail tracks, physically separated bus lanes, subway stations etc. These are visually noticeable or otherwise significant built spatial elements and are relatively permanent, which might increase the popularity and use of a public transit service in an area by reassuring potential users of the authorities’ strategic commitment to providing high quality transit as well as by becoming part of an areas’ identity. Other physical elements and their design – signage, vehicle appearance, public space redevelopment along corridors etc. – are important in this regard as well, and could either enhance the benefits of permanent infrastructure, or they could be used alone to attempt to achieve the same positive effects. The degree to which these elements can be successful depends also on how they are distributed through space, which in this paper is linked to network or line structure. The network should be clear and easy to understand, enabling users to orient themselves, while also making it easier to apply physical elements which represent the system in space. Thus, the degree to which a public transportation service is represented in space through described elements and their spatial distribution, determines its strength as a spatial marker.
COMPETITIVIDADE DOS SECTORES MANUFACTUREIROS DE ALEMAÑA E ESPAÑA,1995-2015: ANÁLISE DA VANTAXE ABSOLUTA DE CUSTO CON DATOS DE PANEL DINÁMICO
Authors: BOUNDI-CHRAKI Fahd
Published: March 2021

A presente investigación ten como obxectivo identificar os factores queexplican a mellor posición competitiva dos sectores manufactureiros alemáns en relacióncos españois durante o período 1995-2015. Con base na teoría da vantaxe absoluta decusto de Shaikh, contrástase a hipótese de que, para o devandito período, os termos reaisde intercambio entre os sectores manufactureiros de España e de Alemaña atópanseregulados polos niveis relativos dos seus custos laborais unitarios reais. A este fin,constrúese un modelo dinámico de datos de panel conformado polos once sectoresmanufactureiros da base EU KLEMS 2017, o cal revela que entre as tres variables existeunha relación estable a longo prazo.
A MOROSIDADE NO SECTOR LOCAL ESPAÑOL: FACTORES DE RISCO E PREVENCIÓN
Authors: OLMO Jorge , BRUSCA Isabel , LABRADOR Margarita
Published: March 2021

A creación do Fondo para o Financiamento do Plan de Pagamento a Provedores(2012-2013) e o control fiscal dos períodos de pagamento son dúas medidas que pretendenreducir a morosidade pública. Neste contexto, o obxectivo do traballo é avaliar as medidasanteriores e comprobar se as características políticas e a contorna económica inflúen nosperíodos de pagamento dos concellos españois. Para iso, realízase unha análise exploratoriae aplícase a metodoloxía de datos de panel (2009-2014). Contribúese en probar a eficienciadas políticas que combaten a morosidade e en analizar a liquidez municipal.