bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Hetereleotris (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Farasan Island (Red Sea)
Authors: KOVAČIĆ MARCELO , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V. , MAL AHMAD O.
Published: July 2014

A new species of the genus Hetereleotris is described from Farasan Island, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, on the basis of a single specimen. Hetereleotris dorsovittata sp. nov is unique among the known sixteen species of Hetereleotris, except for H. diademata and H. psammophila, in the combination of the absence of head canals and lack of squamation. The low count of pectoral-fin rays (14) is only overlap with H. psammophila (14 or 15), whereas all other Hetereleotris species have a higher number of pectoral-fin rays. The new species differs from H. psammophila in having more soft rays in the dorsal and anal fins, by the arrangement of papillae in the preoperculo-mandibular row i and by coloration. The single specimen was collected in the large lagoon at the base of an isolated small coral patch at a depth of 1m.
New data on the genus Micromus Rambur, 1842 from China (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae), with a key to Chinese species
Authors: ZHAO YANG , TIAN YANLIN , LIU ZHIQI
Published: July 2014

A review of the genus Micromus Rambur from China is presented. A new species, Micromus setulosus sp. nov., which was found in Ningxia province, is described. The male of Micromus pallidius (Yang, 1987) and the female of Micromus perelegans Tjeder, 1936 are described for the first time in China. Keys to the adult males and females of the Micromus from China are also given.
Rumen ciliates in the African (Cape) buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) living in the vicinity of the Orpen Gate entrance into Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: BOOYSE DIRK G. , DEHORITY BURK A. , REININGHAUS BJÖRN
Published: July 2014

Samples of rumen contents were obtained from 10 African (Cape) buffalo living in the vicinity of the Orpen Gate entrance into Kruger National Park in South Africa. Total number of ciliate protozoa per animal ranged from 3.15 to 23.25 x 103. Forty three different species and forms were observed, of which 35 are a new host record. The total number of species and forms per animal varied from 10 to 17. Eudiplodinium maggii occurred in all 10 animals, followed by Dasytricha ruminantium in nine animals. Diplodinium posterovesiculatum, Eudiplodinium magnodentatum and Ostracodinium mammosum were present in seven animals with all other species and forms occurring in five or less animals.
Understanding and Treatment of Chronic Abdominal Pain in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Schurman Jennifer Verrill , Kessler Emily D. , Friesen Craig A.
Published: July 2014

This study examined the practices used by primary care pediatricians to assess and treat chronic abdominal pain (CAP), as an initial step in guiding clinical practice guideline (CPG) development. A survey was mailed to a random sample of office-based pediatrician members (primary care pediatricians [PCPs]) of the American Medical Association. PCPs (n = 470) provided information about the typical presentation of CAP, assessment/treatment approaches used in their own practice, their definition of a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), and their familiarity with the Rome Criteria for diagnosing FGIDs. Substantial variability among PCPs was noted across all these areas. Results suggest that perceptions and practices of pediatric CAP vary widely among PCPs; no single standard of care emerged to guide development of a CPG for this population. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of specific strategies currently in use to identify potential opportunities for improving assessment and treatment of CAP in pediatric primary care.
Psychological assessment in post-apartheid South Africa: the way forward
Authors: Laher Sumaya , Cockcroft Kate
Published: July 2014

In 2014, South Africa is into its 20th year since the 1994 elections which ushered in a democratic government and marked the official end of apartheid. The discipline of Psychology has in this time attained many milestones, several of which relate to the sub-discipline of psychological assessment. Prior to, during, and post-apartheid, psychological assessment featured as one of the most contentious areas in the history of the country, as well as the history of Psychology. In this article, we provide some critical insights into those aspects in the history of psychological assessment in South Africa that have led it to be the provocative field it is today. We also identify the positive contributions of psychological assessment that have facilitated South Africa’s movement towards a more just and equitable society. The article concludes with suggestions for the future development of psychological assessment and how it can serve to enhance the discipline of Psychology and the wellbeing of South Africans.
The changing face of clinical psychology intern training: a 30-year analysis of a programme in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Pillay Anthony L , Kramers-Olen Anne L
Published: July 2014

Like other aspects of life in South Africa, clinical psychology internships have undergone changes within the country’s social and political history. Considering the formalised 12-month internship is in its fourth decade, the authors undertook an analysis of trends over a 30-year period of intern training in their programme at KwaZulu-Natal’s largest mental health complex. The trends in intern demographics, as well as various programmatic variables, including clinical rotations, and related training issues were examined for the period commencing January 1981. The findings showed notable shifts in the intern demographics, and programme content. These are discussed within the context of the country’s socio-political history, mental health care needs, and future training concerns and priorities.
Reflections on South African psychology with Saths Cooper
Authors: Barnes Brendon , Cooper Saths
Published: July 2014

Saths Cooper, PhD, is an important figure in both South African and international psychology. Based on a two hour interview with Cooper, this article focuses on his experiences with Apartheid-era psychologists, his views on the abuses of psychology past and present, and his views of psychology as president of the International Union of Psychological Science. While we have much to celebrate about the 20 years of Psychological Society of South Africa’s existence, Cooper’s experiences are a stark reminder of the complicity of the discipline with the Apartheid state machinery. Psychology needs to remain attentive to how it is organized and applied to contemporary societal issues. It is hoped that this article will stimulate further reflections about the development of the discipline in South Africa and beyond.
Community psychology in South Africa: origins, developments, and manifestations
Authors: Seedat Mohamed , Lazarus Sandy
Published: July 2014

This article represents a South African contribution to the growing international body of knowledge on histories of community psychology. We trace the early antecedents of social-community psychology interventions and describe the social forces and academic influences that provided the impetus for the emergence and development of community psychology in South Africa. We then draw on various sources, including undocumented small histories of organized groups and individuals, to present on account of the emergence, development, and focus of community psychology in South Africa. We also very briefly describe community-focused work in other selected African countries. In the penultimate section, we take a critical look at the notions of “community” embedded in community psychology practice in South Africa, and then by way of conclusion, we describe the trajectory of community psychology and speculate about its future in the country.
Calorie Intake of Enteral Nutrition and Clinical Outcomes in Acutely Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Park Dong‐Ah , Park Jinkyeong
Published: July 2014

Background: The appropriate calorie intake to be provided to critically ill patients via enteral nutrition (EN) remains unclear. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effect of initial underfeeding and full feeding in acutely critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: We searched the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared underfeeding with full feeding in critically ill patients. The primary outcome was overall mortality. The secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of pneumonia, Clostridium difficile colitis, other infectious complications, and gastrointestinal intolerance. Results: In total, 4 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in overall mortality between the underfeeding and full‐feeding groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–1.19; I2 = 26.6%; P = .61). Subgroup analysis of the underfeeding subgroup that was fed ≥33.3% of the standard caloric requirement indicated that overall mortality was significantly lower in this underfeeding subgroup than in the full‐feeding group (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40–1.00; I2 = 0%; P = .05). In contrast, no difference in overall mortality was noted between the underfeeding subgroup that was fed <33.3% of the standard caloric requirement and the full‐feeding group. The length of hospital stay and length of ICU stay did not differ between the 2 groups. Moreover, no differences in other secondary clinical outcomes were noted. Conclusions: None of the analyzed clinical outcomes for the acutely critically ill patients were significantly influenced by the calorie intake of the initial EN.
Neoliberalism and the Commodification of Mental Health
Authors: Esposito Luigi , Perez Fernando M.
Published: July 2014

This article contributes to the existing literature on neoliberalism as an ideological hegemonic project by addressing how the image of social reality it advances normalizes the medicalization of human life. Because success, virtue, and happiness in a neoliberal market society are often associated with material wealth, prestige, and “coming out on top,” it follows that normalcy itself is typically conceived along these reified objectives. Acquiring services and/or products that might aid people to meet these results is thus viewed as benevolent and perhaps even indispensable in the pursuit of a fulfilling and productive life. What this also suggests is that integration, mental health, and human well-being become largely functions of consumerism. We address how an emphasis on medicalization, particularly the use of psychotropic drugs, can be traced to the psychopharmacological revolution of the mid-twentieth century and its obsession with situating illness within the individual. We then address how this obsession with medicalization and the tendency to treat “mental illness” as a problem within the individual continues to be supported within the prevailing neoliberal logic that downplays the social realm, treats individuals as self-contained agents, and pathologizes thoughts and behaviors that deviate from what the market defines as functional, productive, or desirable.
The supermatrix technique: A simple framework for hypothesis testing with missing data
Authors: Lang Kyle M. , Little Todd D.
Published: July 2014

We present a new paradigm that allows simplified testing of multiparameter hypotheses in the presence of incomplete data. The proposed technique is a straight-forward procedure that combines the benefits of two powerful data analytic tools: multiple imputation and nested-model [Formula: see text] difference testing. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed technique. Full information maximum likelihood (FIML) and single regression imputation were included as comparison conditions against which the performance of the suggested technique was judged. The imputation-based conditions demonstrated much higher convergence rates than the FIML conditions. [Formula: see text] statistics derived from the proposed technique were more accurate than such statistics derived from both the FIML conditions and the regression imputation conditions. Limitations of the current work and suggestions for future directions are also addressed.
Introduction: Exploring entrepreneurial activity and small business issues in the Chinese economy
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Guariglia Alessandra , Hou Wenxuan , Lee Edward , Newman Alex
Published: July 2014

This introduction summarises the International Small Business Journal special issue on ‘Exploring Entrepreneurial Activity and Small Business Issues in the Chinese Economy’ and discusses the future research agenda.
Enterprise risk management in SMEs: Towards a structural model
Authors: Brustbauer Johannes
Published: July 2014

This article analyses enterprise risk management (ERM) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by developing a structural model based on a survey questionnaire. Preconditions for ERM implementation, applied ERM approaches and their effects on strategic orientation are derived. The results suggest that SMEs follow either an active or a passive ERM approach, which affects their strategic orientation; a passive approach results in a defensive strategy and an active approach, an offensive strategy. Firm size, sector affiliation and ownership structure influence the implementation of ERM. The applied conceptualization of ERM may help SMEs adjust to a changing environment to gain strategic advantage thus, increasing competitiveness and business success.
Contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography with Gd-EOB-DTPA for preoperative biliary mapping: correlation with intraoperative cholangiography
Authors: Lee Yedaun , Kim So Yeon , Kim Kyoung Won , Lee Seung Soo , Park Seong Ho , Byun Jae Ho , Lee Moon-Gyu
Published: July 2014

Background

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) could be used for preoperative evaluation of bile duct anatomy in addition to conventional information of focal hepatic lesions.

Purpose

To evaluate accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography (CE MRC) reconstructed from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR images for depicting biliary anatomy with intraoperative cholangiography.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively identified 71 patients who underwent both preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging (MRI) and intraoperative cholangiography for hepatic resections. Two readers independently analyzed biliary anatomy using CE MRC reconstructed from transverse and coronal images separately in 4 weeks. The accuracy and diagnostic confidence were evaluated in correlation with intraoperative cholangiography. The accuracy and confidence score (3-point scale) were compared on CE MRCs from transverse versus coronal images.

Results

CE MRCs correctly depicted biliary anatomy in 91.5% and 88.7% with coronal images and in 81.7% and 73.2% with transverse images for readers 1 and 2, respectively. CE MRCs from coronal images tended to show greater accuracy ( P = 0.12 and 0.01, for readers 1 and 2) and higher confidence score ( P = 0.11 and P = 0.04, for readers 1 and 2) than those from transverse images.

Conclusion

Accurate preoperative biliary mapping can be achieved on CE MRC reconstructed from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR images. The diagnostic performance was better on CE MRC reconstructed from coronal than those from transverse images.
Competency to Proceed to Trial Evaluations and Rational Understanding
Authors: Ragatz Laurie , Vitacco Michael J. , Tross Rozanna
Published: July 2014

In Dusky v. United States, the United States Supreme Court established “rational understanding” as a necessary component of a defendant’s competency to stand trial. Yet, rational understanding has engendered misunderstanding, stemming from inconsistent court rulings and lack of systematic attention given to definitions of rationality. The purpose of this article is to assist with the conceptualization of rational understanding as it relates to competency to proceed to trial. This will be accomplished through a review of legal decisions and scholarly papers that provide various definitions of rationality. We discuss the suitability of standardized instruments of competency and how they may assist in providing a valid metric for evaluating rational abilities. We also provide discussion of how case law, in conjunction with psycholegal research, can be used to gain nuanced insight into operationalizations of rational understanding. By gaining a thorough understanding of rationality in competency to proceed to trial evaluations, clinicians may improve on the quality and foundation of their evaluations.
The influence of ictal cutaneous allodynia on the response to occipital transcutaneous electrical stimulation in chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache: A randomized, sham-controlled study
Authors: Bono F , Salvino D , Mazza MR , Curcio M , Trimboli M , Vescio B , Quattrone A
Published: July 2014

Objective

The objective of this article is to determine whether cutaneous allodynia (CA) influences the response to treatment with occipital transcutaneous electrical stimulation (OTES) in chronic migraine (CM) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH).

Methods

One hundred and sixty consecutive patients with CM or CTTH were randomized to be treated with real or sham OTES stimulation three times a day for two consecutive weeks. All patients completed the validated 12-item allodynia symptom checklist for assessing the presence and the severity of CA during headache attack. Primary end-point was change (≥50%) in number of monthly headache-free days.

Results

There was a significant difference in the percentage of responders in the real OTES compared with sham OTES group ( p <0.001). Importantly, there was not a significant change of monthly headache-free days in the allodynic patients with CM and CTTH treated both with real and sham OTES, while the number of headache-free days per month was significantly reduced in the real (86%) but not in the sham group (7%) of non-allodynic patients with CTTH and CM.

Conclusions

Severe CA is associated with decreased response to treatment with OTES in patients with CM and CTTH.
Dihydroergotamine and sumatriptan in isolated human coronary artery, middle meningeal artery and saphenous vein
Authors: Labruijere Sieneke , Chan Kayi Y , de Vries René , van den Bogaerdt Antoon J , Dirven Clemens M , Danser AH Jan , Kori Shashidhar H , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: July 2014

Background

Dihydroergotamine (DHE) and sumatriptan are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease because of their vasoconstricting properties, which have originally been explored in proximal coronary arteries. Our aim was to investigate DHE and sumatriptan in the proximal and distal coronary artery, middle meningeal artery and saphenous vein.

Methods

Blood vessel segments were mounted in organ baths and concentration response curves for DHE and sumatriptan were constructed.

Results

In the proximal coronary artery, meningeal artery and saphenous vein, maximal contractions to DHE (proximal: 8 ± 4%; meningeal: 32 ± 7%; saphenous: 52 ± 11%) and sumatriptan (proximal: 17 ± 7%; meningeal: 61 ± 18%, saphenous: 37 ± 8%) were not significantly different. In the distal coronary artery, contractions to DHE (5 ± 2%) were significantly smaller than those to sumatriptan (17 ± 9%). At clinically relevant concentrations, mean contractions to DHE and sumatriptan were below 3% in proximal coronary arteries and below 6% in distal coronary arteries. Contractions in the meningeal artery and saphenous vein were higher (7%–38%).

Conclusions

Contractions to DHE in distal coronary arteries are smaller than those to sumatriptan, while at clinical concentrations they both induce only slight contractions. In meningeal arteries contractions to DHE and sumatriptan are significantly larger, showing their cranioselectivity. Contractions to DHE in the saphenous vein are higher than those in the arteries, confirming its venous contractile properties.
A case of post-traumatic LASH syndrome responsive to indomethacin and melatonin (a man with a unique triad of indomethacin-responsive trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias)
Authors: Rozen Todd D , Beams Jennifer L
Published: July 2014

Objective

The objective of this article is to present the first post-traumatic/secondary case of LASH syndrome and the first melatonin-responsive case of LASH.

Methods

We present a case report.

Results

A 44-year-old man developed three distinct headache syndromes in progression over a 2.5-year time period after a motor vehicle accident. He initially had paroxysmal hemicrania, which he experienced for 15 months, then transitioned to hemicrania continua for 3.5 months, then LASH syndrome, which he endured until he was treated with indomethacin and became pain free. Then after an inability to taper off indomethacin he was placed on melatonin and achieved a pain-free state.

Conclusion

This is the first post-traumatic/secondary case of LASH syndrome, the first male patient to be documented with LASH, and the first LASH case to show complete alleviation with melatonin. This patient’s unique case history provides another example of how multiple trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias can occur in a single individual. This may be one of the first cases of three distinct trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias developing after trauma.
“A Disease of the Outside People”
Authors: Matamonasa-Bennett Arieahn
Published: July 2014

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as one of the most serious issues facing Native American women. Despite epidemic rates of IPV in urban and reservation communities, less is known about IPV in Native American populations than with any other racial group, and the existing literature and intervention research are scant. Many Native American scholars assert that IPV was rare and severely sanctioned in pre-contact societies. The present community-level, qualitative study used ethnographic and grounded theory approaches to examine the beliefs and perspectives of nine men from a Great Lakes reservation community who had experiences with IPV. These men believed that IPV was an increasing problem in the community and that it was not a part of traditional pre-contact culture but instead is a problem brought on by colonization and the introduction of alcohol. They indicated that returning to traditional tribal values was key to sobriety and nonviolence. Study themes suggest the importance of the historical social context and Native cultural values as essential elements in prevention and treatment initiatives. The study supports current Native American approaches to IPV and the ecological feminist framework for understanding violence against women. The article concludes with suggestions for culturally sensitive approaches for future research in Native American communities.
Prisons, neoliberalism and neoliberal states
Authors: O’Malley Pat
Published: July 2014

While many connections can be drawn with some confidence between neoliberalism and penal policy and practice, it is difficult to support Loïc Wacquant’s attempt to render punitive penality integral to neoliberalism, and to regard both as being strategically exported from the US. Neoliberalism is a fluid and variable political formation, both over time and internationally, and is impossible to reduce to a few primary characteristics such as a specific penal policy. Correspondingly, neoliberal doctrines and regimes appear to be consistent with many forms of penal policy other than punitive imprisonment. This is partly because of neoliberalism’s own variability, but also because of the impact of local conditions and the multiple ways through which penal policy may (or may not) be linked with particular political formations. Not only theoretically but also politically, Wacquant’s thesis remains of questionable strategic utility although evidently valuable in consciousness raising.
Contesting representation
Authors: Lievens Matthias
Published: July 2014

Several authors have recently stressed the constitutive and ubiquitous nature of representation, which, as a result, can no longer be conceived as a relation between pre-existing entities. This has important consequences for democratic representation, traditionally thought in terms of authorization, accountability or representativity. This article argues that Jacques Rancière’s political philosophy makes a fruitful contribution to the necessary rethinking of democratic representation. Although Rancière never systematically developed a theory of representation, this concept is shown to constitute a red thread throughout his political writings. His main contribution consists in shifting the focus from the relation between representative and represented to the relation between the distribution of the sensible as a space of representability and its disruption or contestation. This makes it possible to recast a critique of representative government, and to reconceive of democratic representation, which is about making the contingent equality underlying each order visible.
Spontaneous Dissecting Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm in Children
Authors: Yap Leesien , Patankar Tufail , Pysden Karen , Tyagi Atul , Goddard Tony
Published: July 2014

Background: Aneurysms involving the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) are rare. The majority of LSA aneurysms reported are idiopathic. We present 2 paediatric cases of dissecting distal LSA aneurysm. An 8-year-old girl and 9-year-old boy presented with basal ganglia infarction. History and imaging identified dissection as the most likely aetiology. The clinico-radiological features, aetiology and management involving are discussed. Conservative treatment with careful clinico-radiological monitoring may be a feasible therapeutic strategy.
Electrospun poly(butylene carbonate) membranes for guided bone regeneration: In vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Xia Yang , Yao Jing , Li Na , Shao Cheng-Hua , Shen Xin-Yuan , Xie Li-Zhe , Chen Gang , Zhang Fei-Min , Gu Ning
Published: July 2014

A nonwoven membrane for guided bone regeneration, constituting of poly(butylene carbonate), with a backbone that is similar to poly(ϵ-caprolactone), was prepared by electrospinning. The as-fabricated poly(butylene carbonate) membranes were to be used as guided bone regeneration membranes with efficacies equal to or better than poly(ϵ-caprolactone) membranes. The contact angles of electrospun poly(butylene carbonate) membranes (fPBC) (101.90 ± 4.19°) were lower than those for electrospun poly(ϵ-caprolactone) membranes (fPCL) (117.79 ± 3.38°) ( p < 0.01). To examine the biocompatibility, we investigated cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. The bone regenerative efficacy was evaluated in rat calvarial defect. The cell numbers were increased in accordance with culture period. Cells had a stellate shape and broad cytoplasmic extensions on the membrane. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher on fPBC than on fPCL ( p < 0.05). Defects covered by fPBC and fPCL achieved a similar degree of regeneration at 4 weeks in vivo and were significantly better than uncovered samples ( p < 0.01).Based on the results of this study, the potential for using electrospun poly(butylene carbonate) membranes in guided bone regeneration is highly significant . In addition, poly(butylene carbonate) could be a promising alternative to poly(ϵ-caprolactone) for biomedical applications.
Visible tattoos in the service sector: a new challenge to recruitment and selection
Authors: Timming Andrew R
Published: July 2014

Drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with hiring managers and visibly tattooed respondents, this article explores the nature of prejudice surrounding body art in the service sector. It focuses on the impact of visible tattoos on employment chances. The study reveals a predominantly negative effect on selection, but the extent of employer prejudice is mitigated by: where the tattoo is located on the body; the organization or industry type; proximity of the role to customers; and the genre of the tattoo. Employer prejudice against tattoos is also driven largely by hiring managers’ perceptions of consumer expectations regarding body art in the workplace.
Optimisation of machine components in thermal fusion bonding process of porous fibrous media: Material optimisation for improved product capacity and energy efficiency
Authors: Peksen M , Acar M , Malalasekera W
Published: July 2014

A comprehensive parametric study to aid in the material optimisation of the thermal fusion bonding machine components for improved product capacity and energy efficiency is introduced. The effect of conveyer belt and drum cover material type on the thermal bonding performance has been systematically investigated. A previously validated 2D computational fluid dynamics model based on the theory of porous media has been used for the study. The PEEK material is determined to be showing the greatest optimisation potential for higher production rates. The optimum material match for the highest production rates has been determined, considering the effect of material type on the thermal bonding time. Improved product quality associated with a uniform temperature distribution has been achieved by using PEEK material. The conveyer belt component has been determined as the highest energy-absorbing component and could be optimised.
Changes in the pattern of Kaposi’s sarcoma at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Tanzania (2006–2011)
Authors: Koski Lia , Ngoma Twalib , Mwaiselage Julius , Le Lynne , Soliman Amr S
Published: July 2014

Tanzania has high human immunodeficiency virus and human herpes virus-8 rates linked to Kaposi’s sarcoma. We conducted a study at the Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to examine changes in proportions of Kaposi’s sarcoma to all cancers over the period (2006–2011) of increased acquired immune deficiency syndrome management by anti-retroviral therapy. We included 1504 Kaposi’s sarcoma cases from Ocean Road Cancer Institute and abstracted information regarding age, gender, human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis, anti-retroviral therapy duration and Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions. Male Kaposi’s sarcoma patients (59.6%) were older (42.1 ± 11.5 years) than women (40.4%) (36.2 ± 9.6 years). Kaposi’s sarcoma proportions declined from 10.1% in 2003 to 7.4% in 2011. Being a woman was associated with increased oral and generalized lesions and higher numbers of lesion locations (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 3.51; OR = 1.49, CI: 1.08, 2.06; OR = 1.06, CI: 0.79, 1.41, respectively). Tuberculosis was associated with oral, generalized and number of lesion locations (OR = 2.08, CI: 1.10, 3.93; OR = 2.06, CI: 1.28, 3.33; OR = 1.88, CI: 1.19, 2.97, respectively). Anti-retroviral therapy duration showed a protective effect with oral, generalized and number of lesion locations (OR = 0.55, CI: 0.33, 0.91; OR = 0.73, CI: 0.52, 1.01; OR = 0.89, CI: 0.67, 1.18, respectively). With increasing number of patients receiving prolonged anti-retroviral therapy, future studies should investigate long-term effect of anti-retroviral therapy and tuberculosis in Tanzania and countries with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: part of the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in an HIV-positive patient
Authors: Thomson-Glover R , Lawton M , Menon G
Published: July 2014

A 38-year-old HIV-positive Nigerian woman presented with a three-week history of cervical lymphadenopathy, night sweats, weight loss and fever. Provisional diagnoses of tuberculosis and lymphoma were considered; however, a histological diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease was reached. This rare benign disease has presenting features that mimic more serious conditions commonly occurring in HIV-positive patients. This case report emphasises the importance of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in HIV-positive patients.
An ethic of indulgence? Alcohol, Ultimate Frisbee and calculated hedonism
Authors: Crocket Hamish
Published: July 2014

In this article, I use Featherstone’s concept of calculated hedonism to analyse consumption of alcohol amongst Ultimate Frisbee players. Drawing on a multi-year ethnographic project, I examine Ultimate players’ reasons for drinking and contextualize this drinking within Ultimate’s broader lifestyle. This examination and contextualization contributes to a growing body of literature that goes beyond the dominant perspectives on sport-related drinking through its conceptualization of consumptive pleasures in the formation of player identity and relationships between players.
Navigating Life and Loss in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Thannhauser Jennifer E.
Published: July 2014

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that can cause unpredictable disability. Over the past 10 to 15 years, practitioners and researchers have come to recognize that children and adolescents are at risk for this disease. Drawing on the experiences of pediatric MS patients and their parents, I designed this study to explicate the process of adjustment to the disease. Using Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory methodology, I developed a preliminary theory that captures the experience of grief in the adjustment process of young people with MS. The core of the theoretical model focuses on two separate, yet overlapping processes: recurring loss and carrying on. Significant turning points influenced the oscillation between these two processes, highlighting the interconnection of intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics in adjustment to the disease. Results reinforce and extend current grief literature and provide an alternative perspective on adjustment to pediatric chronic illness.
Practice and Perception of Parental HIV Disclosure to Children in Beijing, China
Authors: Qiao Shan , Li Xiaoming , Stanton Bonita
Published: July 2014

To explore parental disclosure practices and perceptions among HIV-positive parents in urban China, we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 HIV-positive parents in Beijing in 2011. The disclosure rate was low (17%), and unplanned disclosure was common. Most parents chose not to disclose because of concerns regarding their children’s young age, concerns about potentially negative psychological impacts on the children, potential secondary disclosure by the children to others, and perceived stigma associated with HIV infection and the causes of such infection (e.g., homosexual behaviors). Parents considered that an appropriate disclosure should be well-planned, cautious, and a gradual process conducted in a comfortable and relaxed environment when both parents and children were calm. We concluded that it was important to (a) provide professional guidance and services about disclosure to children for HIV-positive parents in China, (b) reduce or eliminate HIV-related stigma, (c) set up support groups among HIV-positive parents, and (d) tailor disclosure strategies for different populations of various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.
Caregivers’ Experiences Seeking Hospice Care for Loved Ones With Dementia
Authors: Lewis Laura Foran
Published: July 2014

As the prevalence of dementia continues to grow, informal caregivers face unique challenges as they approach the end of life, and access to support and palliative care is often limited. I used a phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of caregivers actively seeking formal end-of-life care, in particular hospice care, for a loved one with dementia. In-depth interviews with 11 caregivers about 14 patients revealed five themes, including: setting the stage for heartbreak, reaching the boiling point, getting through the front lines, settling for less, and welcoming death. Nurses must recognize the complex needs of caregivers, educate caregivers on the disease process, and adjust to palliative goals sooner to meet the needs of caregivers. Prevalence of these issues must be further examined through quantitative study to evaluate the need to reconsider current hospice eligibility criteria based on prognosis.
Dissecting the Wilderness Therapy Client
Authors: Hoag Matthew J. , Massey Katie E. , Roberts Sean D.
Published: July 2014

Over the last decade, wilderness therapy research has increased substantially in both quality and quantity and has begun to establish a base of evidence and literature. However, there is still much to be learned about the clients served and their clinical profile. The authors examined diagnostic data from discharge summaries of 929 clients (192 young adults and 737 adolescents) who enrolled in wilderness therapy at four sites across the nation. We explored trends and differences in primary diagnosis and overall prevalence of disorders according to gender and age. Central themes emerged such as the pervasiveness of substance issues, the overwhelming impact of Mood Disorders, and the clinical complexity of wilderness therapy clients. How these findings fit in with industry trends are discussed, as well as the conceptualization of behavioral issues from adolescent to adult populations, variances between adults and adolescents, and gender differences.
Discontinuation of Somatic Medication During Psychiatric Hospitalization
Authors: Abdullah-Koolmees Heshu , Gardarsdottir Helga , Stoker Lennart J. , Vuyk Judith , Egberts Toine C. G. , Heerdink Eibert R.
Published: July 2014

Background: Psychiatric hospitalization can increase the risk of discontinuation of pharmacotherapy, which may negatively influence patients’ health. Objective: To investigate the association between psychiatric hospitalization and discontinuation of somatic medication. Methods: A retrospective crossover study was performed in patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital (index date), who had got somatic medication dispensed during the 3 months prior to hospitalization. Discontinuation of somatic medication was investigated at the following time points: index date and 3, 6, and 9 months before the index date. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of discontinuing somatic medication at the index date versus the time points before the index date were estimated using Cox regression. Results: In all, 471 hospitalized patients were included in the study; 38.9% of the patients were discontinuers on the index date. RR for discontinuation of ≥1 somatic medication was 1.88 (95% CI = 1.55-2.27) at the index date compared with the other time points and highest for patients <45 years (RR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.92-4.18). Conclusions: Psychiatric hospitalization was associated with an almost doubled risk of discontinuation of somatic medication. Future studies should address the influence of discontinuation of care on patients’ health.
Looking into the Crystal Ball—Upcoming Drugs for Dyslipidemia
Authors: George Melvin , Selvarajan Sandhiya , Muthukumar Rajaram , Elangovan Shanmugam
Published: July 2014

Dyslipidaemia is a critical risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. Although statins are effective anti-dyslipidemic drugs, their usage is fraught with issues such as failure of adequate lipid control in 30% of cases and intolerance in select patients. The limited potential of other alternatives such as fibrates, bile acid sequestrants and niacin has spurred the search for novel drug molecules with better efficacy and safety. CETP inhibitors such as evacetrapib and anacetrapib have shown promise in raising HDL besides LDL lowering property. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors such as lomitapide and Apo CIII inhibitors such as mipomersen have recently been approved in Familial Hypercholesterolemia but experience in the non-familial setting is pretty much limited. One of the novel anti-dyslipidemic drugs which is greatly anticipated to make a mark in LDL-C control is the PCSK9 inhibitors. Some of the anti-dyslipidemic drugs which work by PCSK9 inhibition include evolocumab, alirocumab and ALN-PCS. Other approaches that are being given due consideration include farnesoid X receptor modulation and Lp-PLA2 inhibition. While it may not be an easy proposition to dismantle statins from their current position as a cholesterol reducing agent and as a drug to reduce coronary and cerebro-vascular atherosclerosis, our improved understanding of the disease and appropriate harnessing of resources using sound and robust technology could make rapid in-roads in our pursuit of the ideal anti-dyslipidemic drug.
Effects of Online Interaction and Instructor Presence on Students’ Satisfaction and Success with Online Undergraduate Public Relations Courses
Authors: Moore Jensen
Published: July 2014

This study examined student success, failure, withdrawal, and satisfaction in online public relations courses based on instructor–student interaction, student–student interaction, and instructor presence. Student passing rates, D/F rates, withdrawal rates, and evaluations of instruction were compiled from fifty-one online PR courses run over the course of two years. The results from the study suggest that student–student interaction and self-discipline are the strongest predictors of success and satisfaction with online courses. Implications for online instructors are included.
Are Child Abusers Sexually Attracted to Submissiveness? Assessment of Sex-Related Cognition With the Implicit Association Test
Authors: Kanters Thijs , Hornsveld Ruud H. J. , Nunes Kevin L. , Huijding Jorg , Zwets Almar J. , Snowden Robert J. , Muris Peter , van Marle Hjalmar J. C.
Published: July 2014

Child sexual abuse is associated with social anxiety, low self-esteem, and intimacy deficits. This, in combination with the core belief of a dangerous world, might suggest that child abusers are sexually attracted to submissiveness. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was used to examine this hypothesis. Results indicated that child abusers have a stronger sexual preference for submissiveness than rapists, although there were no differences between child abusers and non-sexual offenders. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that submissive–sexy associations have incremental value over child–sex associations in differentiating child abusers from other offenders. The predictive value of both implicit associations was explored by correlating IAT scores with measures for recidivism risk, aggression, and interpersonal anxiety. Child abusers with stronger child–sex associations reported higher levels of interpersonal anxiety and hostility. More research on implicit cognition in sex offenders is required for a better understanding of what these and similar implicit measures are exactly measuring and what role implicit cognition may play in sexual offending.
On strong ellipticity for implicit and strain-limiting theories of elasticity
Authors: Mai Tina , Walton Jay R
Published: July 2014

There has been increasing interest in the archival literature devoted to the study of implicit constitutive theories for non-dissipative materials generalizing the classical Green and Cauchy notions of elasticity, and for the special case of strain-limiting models for which strains remain bounded, even infinitesimal, while stresses can become arbitrarily large. This paper addresses the question of strong ellipticity for several classes of these models. A general approach for studying strong ellipticity for implicit theories is introduced and it is noted that there is a close connection between the questions of strong ellipticity and the existence of an equivalent Cauchy elastic formulation. For most of the models studied to date, it is shown that strong ellipticity holds if the Green–St. Venant strain is small enough, whereas it fails to hold for large strain. The large strain failure of strong ellipticity is generally associated with extreme compression.
Understanding EFL students’ participation in group peer feedback of L2 writing: A case study from an activity theory perspective
Authors: Yu Shulin , Lee Icy
Published: July 2014

While the last three decades have witnessed a growing body of research on peer feedback in first language (L1) and second language (L2) writing, research about students’ motives for participating in group peer feedback has remained underexplored. In order to fill this important gap, this case study, guided by the constructs of activity and motive in activity theory, investigates two Chinese university students’ motives for participating in group peer feedback activities in the EFL (English as a foreign language) writing classroom. Multiple sources of data were collected, including video recordings of peer feedback sessions, semi-structured interviews, stimulated recalls and student texts. Data analyses indicate that EFL students’ group peer feedback activities are driven and defined by their motives, which are shaped and mediated by the sociocultural context. The findings also show that student motives could have direct influence on students’ participation in group peer feedback activities and their subsequent revisions. This study contributes new knowledge to the field by relating students’ motives to other key elements in peer feedback such as peer stances, group interaction and student revisions of L2 writing, yielding a deepened understanding of students’ participation in and engagement with peer feedback in EFL writing.
Development and validation of a Haitian Creole screening instrument for depression
Authors: Rasmussen Andrew , Eustache Eddy , Raviola Giuseppe , Kaiser Bonnie , Grelotti David J. , Belkin Gary S.
Published: July 2014

Developing mental health care capacity in postearthquake Haiti is hampered by the lack of assessments that include culturally bound idioms Haitians use when discussing emotional distress. The current paper describes a novel emic-etic approach to developing a depression screening for Partners in Health/Zanmi Lasante. In Study 1 Haitian key informants were asked to classify symptoms and describe categories within a pool of symptoms of common mental disorders. Study 2 tested the symptom set that best approximated depression in a sample of depressed and not depressed Haitians in order to select items for the screening tool. The resulting 13-item instrument produced scores with high internal reliability that were sensitive to culturally informed diagnoses, and interpretations with construct and concurrent validity (vis-à-vis functional impairment). Discussion focuses on the appropriate use of this tool and integrating emic perspectives into developing psychological assessments globally. The screening tool is provided as an Appendix.
The political blog space: A new arena for political representation?
Authors: Karlsson Martin , Åström Joachim
Published: July 2014

While the academic interest in the political blogosphere has grown exponentially in recent years, existing research is predominantly dedicated to political campaigning. In view of the “diminishing prestige of the electoral process” and the “rise of new forms of legitimacy” a broader political analysis of blogs is called for. This article investigates whether the political blogosphere is an arena for political representation by asking (1) how representatives communicate with citizens through blogging in order to aid central functions of political representation, such as accountability, connectivity, and inquiry, and (2) what strategic, technological, and normative factors explain differences in representatives’ communication with citizens. The empirical analysis, based on a survey questionnaire targeting all Swedish blogging representatives, illuminates four different approaches to blogging, with different drivers and implications for the representative democracy.