bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the possible presence of oxygen in the upper sediment layer of the hydrogen sulfide zone in the Black Sea
Authors: Stunzhas P. A. , Gulin M. B. , Zatsepin A. G. , Ivanova E. A.
Published: May 2019

In the northeastern Black Sea the search was performed for living eukaryotic organisms (micro- and meiobenthos) in hypoxic and anoxic conditions as well as measurement of O2 in the bottom water layer and in the upper layer of sediments. The results have shown the presence of a deep maximum abundance of zoobenthos in a depth range of 215–244 m. This aggregation of benthic fauna occupies a layer of 30 m along the vertical. In general, the proportion of active meiobenthos was no greater than 1.5% of the total number of organisms recorded from the sample.The presence of aerobic benthos near the upper boundary of the H2S zone can be explained by: sliding down of sediments from a higher depth; quasi-periodic O2 supply due to fluctuations in the position of the isopycna and/or sinking of waters downslope in the bottom Ekman layer. Also, in the case of physical entry of oxygen into the bottom layer, it can remain for a relatively long time in the upper part of the H2S zone due to the lack of deep Mn+2 flux and reaction with it.
Evolution of gas hydrates accumulation in zones of submarine mud volcanoes
Authors: Sobisevich A. L. , Suetnova E. I. , Zhostkov R. A.
Published: May 2019

The article examines the processes of evolution of gas hydrate accumulations, related to submarine mud volcanoes. A mathematical model and the results of numerical modeling of the accumulation of gas hydrates in the seabed in the deep structures of underwater mud volcanoes are presented.

Numerical analysis of the influence held feeder layer depth and pressure therein to the evolution of gas hydrate saturation confined to deep water mud volcanoes were performed. Modeling quantitatively showed that hydrate saturation in areas of underwater mud volcanoes is not constant and its evolution depends on the geophysical properties of the bottom medium (temperature gradient, porosity, permeability, physical properties of sediments) and the depth of the supply reservoir and pressure in it, and the rate of hydrate accumulation in tens and hundreds times the rate of hydrate accumulation in the sedimentary basins of passive continental margin.
Modern displacement of active faults in South-Yakutian coal-bearing depression on the GPS data
Authors: Imaev V. S. , Imaeva L. P. , Аshurkov S. V. , Grib N. N. , Kolodeznikov I. I.
Published: May 2019

For a quantitative assessment of the current horizontal velocity of the surface displacement of the crust in southern Yakutia in recent years, was organized the first and only points of permanent GPS observations in the city of Neryungri (NRG) and the city of Chulman (CHL3). Both points of observation are located within the southern margin of the Eurasian plate, near the system of active structures separating it from the Amur plate.

To estimate the relative displacement, the period of joint operation of these two GPS points was chosen, namely from June 29, 2015 to December 1, 2016. The rate of displacement of the point in Neryungri, calculated for a 5-year period (from 27.10.2011 to 01.10.2016), was 21.83±0.73 mm/year in the East-West direction and 12.26±0.25 mm/year in the North-South direction in the international reference basis ITRF2014. The obtained values differ slightly from the theoretical values of the velocity of the Eurasian lithospheric plate at the specified point. The difference of the measured velocities with velocities according to the known kinematic model of the Eurasian plate obtained in this paper is |0.5| mm/year for the Eastern component and |1.0| mm/year for the Northern one and corresponds to the assessment of other authors [Kreemer et al., 2014]. To improve the accuracy of determining the speed of horizontal displacements of the earth's crust at the station CHL3, it is necessary to continue measurements synchronous with the station NRG2.
Analysis of the Seasonal Dependence of the Brightness Temperature of the Ice Sheet of Antarctica by Microwave Satellite Data
Authors: Tikhonov V. V. , Raev M. D. , Khvostov I. V. , Boyarskii D. A. , Romanov A. N. , Sharkov E. A. , Komarova N. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents an analysis of seasonal brightness temperature variations of different regions of Antarctica according to the data of MIRAS (SMOS satellite) and SSMIS (DMSP series satellites) radiometers. As a region of study, the Dronning Maud Land was chosen which includes the main zones of Antarctica: the dome, the zone of runoff winds and the coastal zone. The interrelation of time dynamics of brightness temperature from the change of climatic characteristics of regions is considered. The main factors influencing the change of brightness temperature in different regions of the Antarctic ice sheet are revealed.
Application of remote sensing for detection of zones of cataclastic and metasomatic rocks on the area of the Uvatsky ore cluster (Eastern Sayan)
Authors: Milovsky G. A. , Shemyakina E. M. , Belyakov A. A.
Published: May 2019

Interpretation materials of the Russian space survey «Resource-P» (Geotone) in the visible and infrared bands made it possible to identify crush belts and faults of the northeastern, sublatitudinal and submeridional strike that determine the structural position of uranium mineralization within the Uvat ore cluster in the East Sayan. The principal possibility of using a high-resolution multi-zone space survey (3 m) for detecting metasomatically altered ore-bearing rocks of the Lower Proterozoic and Riphean-Paleozoic carbonate-terrigenous deposits was determined.
Spectroscopic multi-relaxation dielectric model of thawed and frozen arctic soils considering dependence on temperature and organic matter content
Authors: Mironov V. L. , Savin I. V.
Published: May 2019

The article presents the temperature spectroscopic dielectric model of moist soils, developed on the basis of measurements of six thawed and frozen Arctic soils with different contents of organic matter, from 30 to 90%. This model allows predicting the complex permittivity values of moist soil, which are in good agreement with the data of dielectric measurements. The model is applicable in the frequency range from 0.05 to 15 GHz, the temperature range from –30° to +25 °C, the humidity range from 0.009 to 1.001 g/g. The model for use in remote sensing algorithms of humidity and soil temperature using space radiometric and radar sensing data can be recommended.
Distribution of suspended matter off the western coast of the crimea under impact of the strong winds of various directions
Authors: Aleskerovа A. A. , Kubryakov A. A. , Goryachkin Yu. N. , Stanichny S. V. , Garmashov A. V.
Published: May 2019

The mechanisms of formation and distribution of total suspended matter (tsm) off the West Coast of Crimea under the influence of strong winds of various directions were investigated on the base of satellite data of medium and high resolution. The maximum tsm reaching the values of 200 mg / l was is observed during strong southern winds. In this case, the zone of high tsm is located at the western shelf of the Crimea limited by a 50 m isobath. The wave impact on resuspension of bottom sediments and the erosion of clay cliffs located on the west coast of Crimea lead to the formation of a large amount of tsm. After the storm, a northern alongshore current transfers tsm to the north. During northeast winds, the highest tsm are observed not near the coast, but in the seaward part of the shelf between 30 and 50 m isobaths. It is likely that turbulent mixing during such winds resuspense bottom sediments in shallow areas, which are further transported from the coast due to the offshore winds. The wind surge in this case leads to the formation of a band of clean cold water near the coast. A specific feature of the action of the northern and northwestern storms is the formation of a longshore jet stream along the western coast. The current occurs at the front of the upwelling zone. The stream transports the suspended matter offshore southward. The concentration of the suspended matter in this case is also much lower than when exposed to the southern winds, but it can reach a value of 3 mg/l.
Variations of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of Antarctica according to ground-based and satellite measurements
Authors: Ustinov V. P. , Baranova E. L. , Visheratin K. N. , Grachev M. I. , Kalsin A. V.
Published: May 2019

The results of systematic (2003–2017) measurements of the total content and the volume mixing ratio of CO at Novolazarevskaya station with a spectrometer with a resolution of 0.2 cm– 1 are presented. The inverse problem of determining the total CO content, as well as interfering gases (H2O and N2O), was solved using the SFIT4 software package. Data analysis showed that over the measurement period the average total CO content at Novolazarevskaya amounted to (8 ± 2) 1017 molec/cm2, and the average volume mixing ratio amounted to (37 ± 8) ppb. The obtained data are compared with variations in the total content of CO in Arrival-Heights station, with MOPITT satellite data, as well as with surface values of CO concentration at Syova station. The maximum values of CO are observed in September, the minimum — in January–February. For all the considered series, the trends are insignificant, while there are periods of increased CO content (2010). In recent years (2014–2017) there is a tendency towards an increase in the minimum values of CO. For  Novolazarevskaya and  Arrival-Heights satellite data are characterized by the excess of over ground data, amounting to 19% and 14%, respectively, while there is a seasonal dependence of the deviation with the minimum in December–January. Surface measurements of the total CO content are in fairly good agreement at Novolazarevskaya and Arrival-Heights, and since 2010 the average deviation is 2.4%. The average value of the concentration of CO on Syova 51 ppb is higher than the average volume mixing ratio at Novolazarevskaya. According to the spectral, wavelet and composite analyzes, in all the considered series there are oscillations in the range of 6–45 months with closely coinciding periods and phases.
Dynamics and water structures in the estuary of the Partizanskaya river (Nakhodka Bay, Sea of Japan)
Authors: Semkin P. Yu. , Tishchenko P. Ya. , Lobanov V. B. , Sergeev A. F. , Barabanshchikov Yu. A. , Mikhailik T. A. , Pavlova G. Yu. , Kostyleva A. V. , Shkirnikova E. M. , Tishchenko P. P. , Chizhova T. L.
Published: May 2019

Herein, we report field studies of the seasonal and daily dynamics of the mixing zone in the micro-tidal mouth of the Partizanskaya river. The position of the mixing zone was determined according to the volume of river run-off. The upper boundary of the mixing zone was observed at 5 (at a river run-off of 73.67 m3/s) to 12.5 km (at 7.7 m3/s) from the mouth bar. The estuary is characterized by a two-layer circulation of water, which results in a halocline with a salinity gradient of up to 30% per 1 m. Variations of salinity in the rifts caused by tides reaches 27% over 3 h.
Multidimensional data analysis of jamming factors in river basins
Authors: Kozlov D. V. , Kuleshov S. L.
Published: May 2019

The analysis and quantitative assessment of factors affecting the frequency of ice jams and the parameters of flood congestion is an important area for hydrophysical study. The influence on flood-congestion parameters of backwaters identified in the lower cross-sections on sections of rivers prone to jamming was estimated by applying discriminatory analysis to the data of long-term observations of the water regime of the rivers in the Northern Dvina basin. Additionally, methods of classification of characteristic areas were developed. In addition, models derived by multiple regression analysis made it possible to assess the influence of the morphometric features of the riverbed on the frequency of ice jams within the two large river basins in the European and Asian parts of Russia.
Riverbank erosion: factors, mechanism, human activity
Authors: Berkovich K. M. , Zlotina L. V. , Turykin L. A.
Published: May 2019

The riverbank erosion produces a great risk for the urban development, structures and communications located on the banks. Bank erosion, as an integral part of the lateral river channel migrations, is a multi-factorial phenomenon. Empirical evidence suggests that the riverbank erosion depends on the size of the river, the morphology of the bends, water flow; however, a big role plays erosion resistance of the banks, due to their structure and vegetation. It varies at changeable riverbank soils wetting in accordance with the hydrological regime of the river. Human activity contributes significantly to the intensification of lateral migrations, especially the construction of reservoirs that change the hydrological regime of rivers and sediment transport. Incision, daily flow regulation, redistribution of annual runoff, reducing the sediment load are the main factors that intensify the riverbank erosion. As an example, the situated downstream of the dam sections of the Volga River and Sheksna River in the Rybinsk City were examined and all these factors were revealed there themselves clearly. Considering these factors allowed predicting the riverbank erosion and provided the basis for bank protection program.
Assessment of contemporary erosion/sedimentation rates trend within a small cultivated catchment using the radiocaesium-137 as a chronomarker (a case study from the Udmurt republic, European Russia)
Authors: Gusarov A. V. , Rysin I. I. , Sharifullin A. G. , Golosov V. N.
Published: May 2019

This paper is devoted to revealing and estimating the contemporary soil erosion rates trend within arable lands in the south of the forest zone of European Russia, based on the study of sedimentation rates at a small dry valley bottom with almost completely cultivated catchment slopes. The dry valley catchment (0.68 km2) is located in the south part of the Udmurt Republic (the mixed forests zone) within the Izh River basin. The bomb-derived and Chernobyl-derived radiocaesium–137 was used for dating valley bottom sediments in two time intervals: 1954(1963)–1986 and 1986–2016. To analyze the causes of change in sediment redistribution rates, morphological and morphometric analyzes of the valley, the results of year-to-year observations for gully heads retreat in the catchment vicinities, hydrometeorological observations of the Russian Hydrometeorological Survey network, and also aero- and satellite images across years were used. There was a noticeable decrease in the sedimentation rates of washed-out soil material from the catchment slopes at the valley bottom over the past 60 years: from 1.8–2.5 cm/year during 1954–1986 to 0.15–0.75 cm/year for 1986–2016. Hence, the sedimentation rates have decreased by 2.5–3 times as a minimum. This trend is consistent with a decline of the average retreat rates of gully headcuts within cultivated lands in the Udmurt Republic over the past 40 years — from 1.3 m/year in 1978–1997 to 0.3 m/year in 1998–2014. We suppose that the main reason for such significant reduction of erosion rates was a increase in protective crop coefficient associated with a increase in the proportion of perennial grasses since the late 1980s. Additional contribution to the erosion reduction was owing to a decrease in surface snowmelt water runoff within the catchment area since the early 2000s, associated with the reduction in soil freezing depth and general increase in air temperature during the winter and spring months in this region of the Russian Plain.
Absorption of laser radiation by metals at formation superficial nanostructure
Authors: Khomich V. J. , Shmakov V. A.
Published: May 2019

The absorption mechanism of laser radiation is offered by a metal surface at the formation of superficial nanostructure. Principally, the heterogeneous character of such absorption depends on formation in the old, excited structure of zones of absorption. It is shown herein that the absorption process of laser radiation by metals can have a nonlinear character.
Theory of block structure in the strength problem of galleries and constructions with multiple connections
Authors: Babeshko V. A. , Evdokimova O. V. , Babeshko O. M. , Pavlova A. V. , Telatnikov I. S. , Fedorenko A. G.
Published: May 2019

It is shown that the boundary-value problem for a layered medium with parallel multiple cavities is reduced to the Riemann vector problem. To solve it, a factorization method is developed, which makes possible to construct the solution to be built in arbitrary approximations.
Features of ore formation of gold deposits of Glukharinsky District (Prikolyma Terrain)
Authors: Biryukov A. A. , Volkov A. V. , Murashov K. Yu. , Sidorov A. A.
Published: May 2019

This study discusses new data on the isotopy of δ34S, δ18O, microelements, and rare earth elements (REE) in the Au deposits of the Glukarinsky ore cluster. The identified geochemical features are indicative of the reducing conditions of ore deposition, participation of magmatogenic fluid in ore formation, and the enclosing rocks being the possible sources of ore material. Isotope studies indicate that the ore-forming fluid has a mixed, metamorphogenic–magmatogenic composition. The obtained results make it possible to qualify the examined objects as Au deposits associated with granitoid intrusives.
Geology, mineral associations, and composition of native gold in mineral deposits of Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya Orogen
Authors: Proskurnin V. F. , Palyanova G. A. , Gavrish A. V. , Petrushkov B. S. , Bagaeva A. A. , Bortnikov N. S.
Published: May 2019

Diverse grain sizes and morphologies, chemical composition, and productive mineral associations of native Au from new mineralizations within two mineragenic areas (Mininsk–Bolshevik miogeocline, Shrenk–Faddeev accretionary) in Western and Central Taymyr, are indicative of a complex, multi-component composition of ore-forming systems and differences in the physical and chemical conditions of formation of gold ore mineralization. The obtained data on the characteristics of native Au, combined with peculiarities of the geological structure of the objects, suggest a significant gold ore potential of central sector of the Russian Arctic.
The effect of seismic deformation mechanisms on fluid migration in accumulation area of gold ore concentrations
Authors: Zlobina T. M. , Petrov V. A. , Murashov K. Yu. , Kotov A. A.
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the effect of mechanisms of paleode formations during the period of fluid inflow into the accumulation sphere of gold concentrations. Such mechanisms are believed to correspond to DC- and NDC- type seismic mechanisms, whose main influence on fluid migration lies on the formation of different, relative to fluid regime parameters, structural and hydrodynamic organizations of the ore-forming system, and fluid flow control within the area of the accumulation of ore concentrations.
Foundations of quasiconformal analysis of a two-index scale of spatial mappings
Authors: Vodopyanov S. K.
Published: May 2019

We define a scale of mappings that depends on two real parameters p and q,  and a weight function θ. In the case of q = p = n, θ ≡ 1, we obtain the well known mappingswith bounded distortion. Mappings of a two-index scale inherit many properties of mappings with bounded distortion. They are used for solving a few problems of global analysis and applied problems.
Absence of global solutions of a mixed problem for a Ginzburg–Landau type nonline-ar evolution equation
Authors: Nasibov Sh. M.
Published: May 2019

We study the problem of the absence of global solutions of the first mixed problem for one nonlinear evolution equation of Ginzburg–Landau type.We prove that global solutions of the studied problem are absent for “sufficiently large” values of the initial data.
The age of back-arc spreading of the Ural paleoisland arc (by the results of Sm-Nd and U-Pb dating of dolerites and studying the composition of inclusions in zircon)
Authors: Ivanov K. S. , Berzin S. V. , Erokhin Yu. V. , Ronkin Yu. L. , Khiller V. V.
Published: May 2019

The data on the Silurian Sm–Nd age (426 ± 34 Ma) behind the arc-spreading dolerites of the sheeted dikes of Mount Azov in the Middle Urals was obtained. This age coincides with the age of zircons (428,5 ± 3,7 Ma) from the dolerites of the East-Ural megazone, which indicates the regional nature of the back-arc spreading processes. A study of the crystal ontogeny and composition of inclusions of metamorphogenic minerals in Mid-Upper Devonian zircons from the dikes of the city of Azov showed that the formation of zircons took place in the course of regional metamorphism of dolerites and enclosing basalts. This metamorphism coincides with the time of the onset of the collision in the late Devonian, and conflict processes manifested themselves over practically the entire width of the region.
Fast trie-based method for multiple pairwise sequence alignment
Authors: Yakovlev P. A.
Published: May 2019

A method for efficient comparison of a symbol sequence with all strings of a set is presented, which performs considerably faster than the naive enumeration of comparisons with all strings in succession. The procedure is accelerated by applying an original algorithm combining a prefix tree and a standard dynamic programming algorithm searching for the edit distance (Levenshtein distance) between strings. The efficiency of the method is confirmed by numerical experiments with arrays consisting of tens of millions of biological sequences of variable domains of monoclonal antibodies.
Modeling the angular momentum control of small spacecraft with a magnetic attitude control system
Authors: Kulkov V. M. , Egorov Yu. G. , Firsyuk S. O. , Terentyev V. V. , Shemyakov A. O.
Published: May 2019

The problem of modeling the angular momentum control modes of small spacecraft using electromagnetic systems interacting with the Earth’s magnetic field is considered. The electromagnetic system control law has been constructed for various compositions of measurable parameters. A set of scale factors has been formed to investigate the angular momentum control mode of dynamically similar models. Based on a dynamical test stand, we have carried out experimental studies to model the angular motion dynamics of small spacecraft with a magnetic attitude control system.
Hierarchically structured, highly porous nickel synthesized in sintering–evaporation process from a metal nanopowder and a space holder
Authors: Gnedovets A. G. , Zelenskii V. A. , Ankudinov A. B. , Alymov M. I.
Published: May 2019

This paper reports on the creation of a highly porous material with a hierarchical structure using powder metallurgy methods based on nickel nanopowder and ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 as a space holder.
Effect of transcription on the white gene enhancer integrated into the intron
Authors: Erokhin M. M. , Mikhailova A. V. , Georgiev P. G. , Chetverina D. A.
Published: May 2019

We demonstrate that passing-through transcription suppresses the activity of the white gene enhancer integrated into the intron. At the same time, the SV40 transcription terminators flanking the transgene can completely remove the inhibitory effect of transcription.
Interphase distribution of rare and rare earth elements in silicate-fluorine systems at T = 800–1200˚C AND P = 1–2 kbar (experimental investigation)
Authors: Kotelnikov A. R. , Suk N. I. , Korzhinskaya V. S. , Kotelnikova Z. A. , Shapovalov Yu. B.
Published: May 2019

The melting in the system of aluminosilicate (granite) melt — fluoride salt melt at T = 800–1200˚C and P = 1–2 kbar was experimentally investigated. The data on the phase composition of silicate-salt systems and the character of the interphase distribution of ore components are presented. The partition coefficients of rare-earth elements between the granite melt and fluoride phase at 900–1200˚C, P = 1–2 kbar were obtained. It is shown that REE enrich the fluoride phase with respect to the silicate melt. Elements of the (V, Nb, Ta), (Ti, Zr, Hf) groups almost always prefer a silicate melt relative to fluoride.
Development of an immunosorbent for solid-phase NMR-based assay
Authors: Khramtsov P. V. , Kropaneva M. D. , Bochkova M. S. , Timganova V. P. , Zamorina S. A. , Rayev M. B.
Published: May 2019

The conditions for constructing an immunosorbent reagent for solid-phase NMR analysis were optimized. For this purpose, we increased the area of the sensitized portion of the membrane to fit the relaxometer coil size and added the agent sorption buffer. This provided the penetration of the anti-ligand molecules into the membrane thickness and their uniform distribution.
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-mediated relaxation pathway in bovine mesenteric lymph nodes
Authors: Lobov G. I. , Dvoretskii D. P.
Published: May 2019

In vitro, endothelium-dependent relaxation mechanisms of smooth muscle cells of the bovine mesenteric lymph node capsule have been studied. The addition of L-NAME and indomethacin to physiological saline inhibited the production of endothelium NO and prostacyclin. In this solution, tetraethylammonium chloride and TRAM-34 increased the tone of the precontracted lymph nodes. Thus, in bovine mesenteric lymph nodes there is an relaxation mechanism mediated by endothelial hyperpolarization, realized by activating Ca2+-dependent K+-channels of large- and intermediate conductance.
Reachability of optimal convergence rate estimates for high-order numerical convex optimization methods
Authors: Gasnikov A. V. , Gorbunov E. A. , Kovalev D. A. , Mokhammed A. A. M. , Chernousova E. A.
Published: May 2019

The Monteiro-Svaiter accelerated hybrid proximal extragradient method (2013) with one step of Newton’s method used at every iteration for the approximate solution of an auxiliary problem is considered. The Monteiro-Svaiter method is optimal (with respect to the number of gradient and Hessian evaluations for the optimized function) for sufficiently smooth convex optimization problems in the class of methods using only the gradient and Hessian of the optimized function. An optimal tensor method involving higher derivatives is proposed by replacing Newton’s step with a step of Yu.E. Nesterov’s recently proposed tensor method (2018) and by using a special generalization of the step size selection condition in the outer accelerated proximal extragradient method. This tensor method with derivatives up to the third order inclusive is found fairly practical, since the complexity of its iteration is comparable with that of Newton’s one. Thus, a constructive solution is obtained for Nesterov’s problem (2018) of closing the gap between tight lower and overstated upper bounds for the convergence rate of existing tensor methods of order p ≥ 3.
The exotic inim block of the argun continental superterrane of the central asian fold belt: results of U-Th-pb geochronological (LA-ICP-MS) and Sm-Nd isotopic-geochemical studies
Authors: Ovchinnikov R. O. , Sorokin A. A. , Kotov A. B. , Sal'nikova E. B. , Kovach V. P. , Sorokin A. P.
Published: May 2019

The results of studies indicate that the age of the protoliths of garnet-bearing biotite–sericite–muscovite schists of the Inim Block is <991 Ma, and they are derived from rocks of the Neo-, Meso-, and Paleoproterozoic (as well as Archean) crust. This suggests that the Inim Block is exotic relatively to the Argun Superterrane due to the formation of the protolith of its metasedimentary rocks largely from erosion products of the Early Precambrian continental crust, the presence of which within the Argun Superterrane is not proven. It is not excluded that the Inim Block is a fragment of the Dzhugdzhur–Stanovoi Superterrane implanted in the structure of the Argun Superterrane as a result of Mesozoic tectonic events.
First data on the nature and age of the protolith of high-pressure tectonites of Yenisei ridge: a link to the early stage of formation of the Paleoasian Ocean
Authors: Likhanov I. I. , Savko K. A.
Published: May 2019

The petrogeochemical characteristics of high-pressure mafic tectonites from the Yenisei suture zone of Yenisei Ridge indicate that N-MORB and E-MORB with an age of 701.6 ± 8.4 Ma were their protolith. The formation of N-MORB with the more primitive chemical composition occurred at the initial stages of spreading, when the upper horizons of the depleted mantle were molten. The high-Ti basalt was formed as the product of melting of the enriched mantle substrate at the later stages of spreading. These events are related to the early stage in the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean on the western margin of the Siberian Craton.
Magnetic fields and magnetic isotope 25Mg effects on biofilms formation by bacteria E. coli
Authors: Letuta U. G. , Tikhonova T. A.
Published: May 2019

The biofilm formation by bacteria E. coli is a magnetosensitive process. The combined effects of a magnetic magnesium isotope 25Mg and a static magnetic field in the range of 20-35 mT stimulate biofilm formation by bacteria E. coli compared to non-magnetic magnesium isotopes 24,26Mg. Magnetic field effects in the range of 2-10 mT, registered for all bacteria regardless of magnesium-isotope enrichment of nutrient medium, indicate the sensitivity of intracellular processes to weak magnetic fields.
Architecture of promoters of house-keeping genes in polytene chromosome interbands of drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zykova T. Yu. , Levitsky V. G. , Zhimulev I. F.
Published: May 2019

This is the first study to investigate the molecular-genetic organization of polytene chromosome interbands located on both molecular and cytological maps of Drosophila genome. The majority of the studied interbands contained one gene with a single transcription initiation site; the remaining interbands contained one gene with several alternative promoters, two or more unidirectional genes, and “head-to-head” arranged genes. In addition, intricately arranged interbands containing three or more genes in both unidirectional and bidirectional orientation were found. Insulator proteins, ORC, P-insertions, DNase I hypersensitive sites, and other open chromatin structures were situated in the promoter region of the genes located in the interbands. This area is critical for the formation of the interband, an open chromatin region in which gene transcription and replication are combined.
Mechanisms of blood flow regulation of in the skin during stimulation of the spinal cord in humans
Authors: Lobov G. I. , Gerasimenko Yu. P. , Moshonkina T. R.
Published: May 2019

Changes of the blood flow in the shin skin in the case of 12 healthy subjects by laser doppler flowmetry were observed under transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) by subthreshold bipolar pulses with a frequency of 30 Hz were detected. It was found that the TSCS in the area of the vertebrae T11 and L1 leads to a significant increase in skin blood flow. With a stimulus intensity of 90% of the motor threshold, the microcirculation rate increased by more than 85% relative to baseline.The results of the study show that the stimulation of blood flow in the skin by TSCS is realized mainly due to the antidromic stimulation of sensory nerve fibers. An important mediator that contributes to vasodilation and increase of cutaneous blood flow in PSCS is nitric oxide (NO), which is predominantly endothelial in origin.
Controlling morphology of polymer photoactive layer in photovoltaic elements: mesoscopic simulation
Authors: Komarov P. V. , Baburkin P. O. , Ivanov V. A. , Chen Show-An , Khokhlov A. R.
Published: May 2019

A concept of fabrication of well-organized conductive pathways in CP/NP blends in photovoltaic devices. It is assumed that to succeed in this task, one can use the property of AB diblock copolymers that, depending on the chemical structure of A and B blocks and the ratio between their lengths, these copolymers undergo microphase separation in bulk to form thermodynamically stable domains of cubic symmetry with 3D periodicity. Using a mesoscale simulation technique, we demonstrated that the morphology of the photoactive layer of photovoltaic devices can be controlled by selecting the surface NP modifier (responsible for the compatibility of NPs with the polymeric matrix), the chemical structure of the blocks of a conjugated copolymer, and their length.
The statistical selection of the paragenesis microelements from of the associations in fossil coals
Authors: Admakin L. A. , Parada S. G.
Published: May 2019

The statistical relationships characterizing the concentrations of minor elements in the organic part and mineral impurities in fossil coals are allocated. The confidence ranges for these concentrations are calculated. The concentrations of minor elements within the confidence ranges relate to the clarke distributions; those exceeding the upper boundary of the confidence level, to extremely high values.
Relationship of lightning flashes frequency with statistical characteristics of convective activity in the atmopshere
Authors: Eliseev A. V. , Ploskov A. N. , Chernokulsky А. V. , Mokhov I. I.
Published: May 2019

A modification of the commonly used Price-Rind scheme for lightning flashes frequency (LFF), which can be used for calculations with large spatial and time steps, is developed. With such steps, the exponent in the relationship of LFF on convective cloud heights appears to be smaller by a factor of two over land and by one fourth over ocean in comparison to that in the original Price-Rind scheme. The modified version is implemented into the IAP RAS climate model (CM). The results of the lightning flash frequency simulations with the modified scheme agree better with the satellite data than those with the original one. In the IAP RAS CM, global warming (cooling) leads to LFF increase (decrease) in all seasons. The sensitivity of lightning flashes frequency to the surface air temperature change at the global level is estimated equal to 10%/K.
Technogenic radioactivity of waters in the Central Arctic Basin and adjacent water area
Authors: Matishov G. G. , Kasatkina N. E. , Usyagina I. S.
Published: May 2019

The contemporary radiation situation in the Arctic Basin and Russian Arctic seas is assessed on the basis of data from 2013 to 2017. Statistically significant differences are revealed in the mean volumetric activity of 137Cs in the surface water layer. The tendency toward a west-to-east decrease in seawater pollution is noted. The maximum 137Cs concentrations are characteristic of the Barents and Kara seas. The least polluted waters are reported in the Laptev and East Siberian seas, which are the most remote from the sources of technogenic radionuclides in Europe.
Classification of one-dimensional attractors of diffeomorphisms of surfaces by means of pseudo-anosov homeomorphisms
Authors: Grines V. Z. , Kurenkov E. D.
Published: May 2019

In the present paper axiom diffeomorphisms of closed 2-manifolds of genus whose nonwandering set contains perfect spaciously situated one-dimensional attractor are considered. It is shown that such diffeomorphisms are topologically semiconjugate to pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism with the same induced automorphism of fundamental group. The main result of the paper is the following. Two diffeomorphisms from the given class are topologically conjugate on attractors if and only if corresponding pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms are topologically conjugate by means of homeomorphism that maps a certain subset of one pseudo-Anosov map onto the certain subset of the other pseudo-Anosov map.
Composition and origin of lavas from the Minami-Hiyoshi submarine volcano (Mariana arc)
Authors: Petrova V. V. , Rashidov V. A.
Published: May 2019

This work is a link in a series of studies of Late Cenozoic submarine volcanoes of the island arcs in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, representing the first detailed Russian-language description of the material composition of the Minami-Hiyoshi submarine volcano, which is involved in the Hiyoshi volcanic complex (the northern part of the Mariana arc). This study was based on rock material dragged from the volcano during the 5th cruise of the R/V Vulkanolog. New original data on the structure, chemical and mineral compositions, and origin of volcanic lava were obtained. It was shown that all the lava flows studied are genetically linked and originated from the same magma chamber. Structural-petrographic differences in the lava flows are explained by different dynamics in the melt transportation to the surface of the bottom of the ocean.
Co, Hf, Ce, Cr, Th, and REE systematics of modern bottom sediments of the Barents sea
Authors: Maslov A. V. , Politova N. V. , Shevchenko V. P. , Kozina N. V. , Novigatsk A. N. , Kravchishina M. D.
Published: May 2019

The Co, Hf, Ce, Cr, Th, and REE systematics are analyzed for modern sediments collected by a bottom grab during the 67th and 68th cruises of R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” and samples taken in the Barents Sea bays and inlets. Our results indicate that most modern bottom sediments are composed of fine silicoclastic material enhanced with a suspended matter of the North Cape current, which erodes the western coast of Scandinavia, and due to bottom erosion of some marine areas, as well as erosion of rock complexes of the Kola Peninsula, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land (local provenances). Material from Spitsbergen also probably played a certain role. In the southern part of the Barents Sea, clastic material is supplied by the Pechora River.
Main features of the structure, litological composition, and thickness of the quaternary deposits cover in the eastern Barents sea
Authors: Epshtein O. G. , Dlugach A. G. , Starovoytov A. V.
Published: May 2019

Analysis of the data of seismoacoustic investigation and geotechnical drilling in the western Barents Sea has shown the following. The Upper Weichselian glacial deposits cover spread regionally. It represents seismostratigraphic complex (SSK) SSK III, unconformity occurs on the Mezozoic deposits, partly – on the Lower Weichselian moraine (SSK V) and is overlain unconformity by the Late Glacial glaciomarine (SSK II) – Holocene marine (SSK I) sediments. SSK III consists of two seismofacies (SF). Predominant SSF III-C are formed by the ordinary moraine almost solely, and SF III-T – by the M-moraine. The presence of these moraines determine of SSK III thicknesses distribution nearly completely. The ordinary moraine thickness fluctuates from < 10 m to 10–25 m. The M-moraine forms huge in plan, positive accumulation bodies in which its thickness > 25 m and arrives at 50–75 m. The other grandiosity structure-morphological elements of the Upper Weichselian deposits cover are: end moraines (the giant form was discovered) and powerful subglacial cuts, which represents unique unburied analog of the known so-called tunnel valleys. Structure, composition, thicknesses particularities of SSK III deposits cover were conditioned by specific character of process of the Last Glaciation development in the region.
First data on yatulian (2.1 Ga) metamorphism in the Belomorian mobile belt
Authors: Kozlovskiy V. M. , Savatenkov V. M. , Terentyeva L. B. , Kurdyukov E. B.
Published: May 2019

The Sm-Nd isotope ages of apoamphibolite eclogites and eclogite-like garnet-clinopyroxene crystalline schists collected in the Chupa and Engozero segments of the Belomorian mobile belt are estimated. Eclogites and eclogite-like garnet-clinopyroxene rocks demonstrated nearly the same isotope age (2119±170 and 2191±39 Ma, respectively) on the same pair of minerals (garnet-clinopyroxene). The age obtained (about 2.1 Ga) is the oldest indicator of the onset of Paleoproterozoic metamorphism in the Belomorian mobile belt.
Dipeptide mimetic of the bdnf loop 4 possesses analgetic activity
Authors: Gudasheva T. A. , Konstantinopolsky M. A. , Tarasiuk A. V. , Kolik L. G. , Seredenin S. B.
Published: May 2019

Previously, we synthesized a dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) loop 4, GSB-106, which, similarly to BDNF, activated TrkB, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/ERK. When administered systemically, it exhibited neuroprotective, antidepressant, and antidiabetic activities and stimulated neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. In this study, we established that GSB-106 also exhibits the analgesic activity, typical for BDNF, which was revealed in rats in hot plate and tail flick tests 0.5–48 h after intraperitoneal injection at doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg.
Detection of taxuyunnanin c in suspension cell culture of Taxus canadensis
Authors: Kochkin D. V. , Globa E. B. , Demidova E. V. , Gaisinsky V. V. , Kuznetsov Vl. V. , Nosov A. M.
Published: May 2019

This is the first study to isolate the taxoid taxuyunnanin C (group of 14-hydroxylated taxoids) from the biomass of suspension cell culture of the Canadian yew (Taxus canadensis). According to available data, this is the first report of the presence of nonpolar (polyacylated) forms of 14-hydroxylated taxoids, including taxuyunnanin C, in T. canadensis.
The international law and sanctions. Search for permissible limits
Authors: Khabrieva T. Ya. , Kapustin A. Ya.
Published: May 2019

The reinforcement of the sanctions policy of the leading world powers and their coalitions has highlighted the problem of doctrinal research inadequacy of the practice of international legal regulation of the use of international coercive measures. This study aims to determine the dominant approaches to the correlation between the categories “sanction” and “law” regarding municipal and international law, based on historical and comparative analysis of the positions of Russian and foreign legal doctrines. Despite fundamental differences in the systems of national and international law, both cases sanctions act as a coercive measure to observe the statutes of law, both regarding the implementation of international responsibility and non-responsibility relations. In addition, the study provides specific examples of unilateral coercive measures (sanctions) of regional international organizations that are inconsistent with the imperatives of general international law. In conclusion, the state of international legal regulation of the use of coercive measures is substandard; however, the primary reasons for this provision remain unclear. Furthermore, this study formulates a proposal for the development of a doctrinal model of criteria for the lawfulness of international coercive measures.
Oldness as an interdisciplinary problem
Authors: Yurevich A. V.
Published: May 2019

This study focuses on the social and psychological factors of aging, along with related psychological characteristics. The study emphasizes that old age is only the beginning to be understood, as aging conceals crucial reserves. Thus, exploring psychological mechanisms of aging constitutes a a new area that merits attention. In conclusion, modern society needs a special ideology of old age, which could include economic, social, and psychological aspects.
Karl Marx as a philosopher of science. On the 200th anniversary of the birth
Authors: Blukher F. N.
Published: May 2019

This study discusses the primary components of the Karl Marx doctrine, including the dialectical method, concept of the materialist philosophy of history, and political and economic ideas, and analyses the reconstruction of the class theory. The author considers Marxism as a philosophy of science, on par with those that subjugated at the end of the nineteenth century, neo-Kantianism and positivism, traces the role of Marx in the development of the historical approach, and assesses the implication of his work for the development of subsequent methodological approaches in social and human sciences, especially systemic and activity-theoretic research. Furthermore, the study briefly describes the fate of Marx’s ideas after his death.
Opening speech of the president of RAS academician A.M. Sergeev
Authors: Sergeev A. M.
Published: May 2019

Opening speech of the president of RAS academician A.M. Sergeev
Development of gas-turbine technologies in Russia
Authors: Petrenya Yu. K.
Published: May 2019

Gas plays the central role in the fuel and energy balance among Russia, USA and Europe. Efficient energy use is encouraged with gas-turbine technologies, which have reached a high level of development. Russia has a great deal of gas-turbine engineering experience and scientific and industrial potential in this area, but has no national program to encourage the development of such technology. To ensure energy security and the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, to address the energy problems of the 21st century, we propose the formation of a national program for the development of gas turbines. This program would fall under the scientific and methodological guidance of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Management Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Discussion on the priority: speachs of academicians A.E. Kontorovich, S.P. Filippov, S.V. Alekseenko, V.I. Bukhtiyarov, S.M. Aldoshin
Authors: Kontorovich A. E. , Filippov S. P. , Alekseenko S. V. , Bukhtiyarov V. I. , Aldoshin S. M.
Published: May 2019

Speachs of academicians A.E. Kontorovich, S.P. Filippov, S.V. Alekseenko, V.I. Bukhtiyarov, S.M. Aldoshin
Speech of the academician of RAS S.L. Chernyshev and corresponding member of RAS A.N. Shiplyuk
Authors: Chernyshev S. L. , Shiplyuk A. N.
Published: May 2019

Speech of the academician of RAS S.L. Chernyshev and corresponding member of RAS A.N. Shiplyuk
Speech of the RAS academician S.YU. Zheltov
Authors: Zheltov S. Yu.
Published: May 2019

Speech of the RAS academician S.YU. Zheltov
Speech of the RAS academician N.A. Kolchanov
Authors: Kolchanov N. A.
Published: May 2019

Speech of the RAS academician N.A. Kolchanov
Discussion on the priority: speachs of academicians of RAS V.V. Ustinov, V.B. Betelin, E.E. Tyrtyshnikov, K.V. Rudakov
Authors: Ustinov V. V. , Betelin V. B. , Tyrtyshnikov E. E. , Rudakov K. V.
Published: May 2019

Discussion on the priority: speachs of academicians of RAS V.V. Ustinov, V.B. Betelin, E.E. Tyrtyshnikov, K.V. Rudakov
Social and humanitarian measurement of responses to grand challenges
Authors: Dynkin A. A.
Published: May 2019

The article is concerned with the selection of priorities in research fields, including social and humanitarian studies, based on social needs and the so-called grand challenges. These priorities are not founded in the traditional logic of the development of basic science which can have its own dynamics that are not always associated with real needs or effective demand. Such an approach conforms to the new conceptual logic presented in the Strategy of the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. To solve the problem of choosing priorities, sociological polling of two types-general public and expert was used.
Economic dimensions of the climate change challenge for sustainable development in Russia
Authors: Porfiriev B. N.
Published: May 2019

The issues involved in choosing an effective response to the challenge of climate change are considered. The paradigm of a low-carbon economy is analyzed critically using the criterion of stabilizing global warming so that it does not exceed 2°С warming by the end of the 21st century. The criteria of improving citizens’ quality of life and providing for sustainable economic growth are also important. Efficient actions that minimize the risks to socioeconomic development posed by climate change will require the implementation of an integrated set of institutional, economic, and technological measures. High-priority actions include: fostering economic growth by increasing the effectiveness of production using the best-available technologies for resource processing and management; reducing the hazardous impact of industrial emissions on the environment and human health; adaptation and protection of communities and ecosystems against industrial waste and climate change; and alleviation of the accumulated negative effects resulting from climate change. These priorities will help in mitigating the present and future hazardous impacts of technology on the environment.