bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Exchange of Systemic HDL Particles Into the Brain and Vascular Cells Has Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Van Valkenburgh Juno , Meuret Cristiana , Martinez Ashley E. , Kodancha Vibha , Solomon Victoria , Chen Kai , Yassine Hussein N.
Published: September 2021

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex, heterogenous lipoprotein particles, consisting of a large family of apolipoproteins, formed in subspecies of distinct shapes, sizes, and functions and are synthesized in both the brain and the periphery. HDL apolipoproteins are important determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and vascular dementia, having both central and peripheral effects on brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and vascular functions, however, the extent to which HDL particles (HLD-P) can exchange their protein and lipid components between the central nervous system (CNS) and the systemic circulation remains unclear. In this review, we delineate how HDL’s structure and composition enable exchange between the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment, and vascular cells that ultimately affect brain amyloid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we then elucidate how modifications of HDL-P have diagnostic and therapeutic potential for brain vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Distinct Metalloproteinase Expression and Functions in Systemic Sclerosis and Fibrosis: What We Know and the Potential for Intervention
Authors: Leong Edwin , Bezuhly Michael , Marshall Jean S.
Published: September 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic debilitating idiopathic disorder, characterized by deposition of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen which leads to fibrosis of the skin and other internal organs. During normal tissue repair and remodeling, the accumulation and turnover of ECM proteins are tightly regulated by the interaction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). SSc is associated with dysregulation of the activity of these proteolytic and inhibitory proteins within the tissue microenvironment, tipping the balance toward fibrosis. The resultant ECM accumulation further perpetuates tissue stiffness and decreased function, contributing to poor clinical outcomes. Understanding the expression and function of these endogenous enzymes and inhibitors within specific tissues is therefore critical to the development of therapies for SSc. This brief review describes recent advances in our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of ECM remodeling by metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the skin and lungs affected in SSc. It highlights recent progress on potential candidates for intervention and therapeutic approaches for treating SSc fibrosis.
The Algal Polysaccharide Ulvan Induces Resistance in Wheat Against Zymoseptoria tritici Without Major Alteration of Leaf Metabolome
Authors: de Borba Marlon C. , Velho Aline C. , Maia-Grondard Alessandra , Baltenweck Raymonde , Magnin-Robert Maryline , Randoux Béatrice , Holvoet Maxime , Hilbert Jean-Louis , Flahaut Christophe , Reignault Philippe , Hugueney Philippe , Stadnik Marciel J. , Siah Ali
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to examine the ability of ulvan, a water-soluble polysaccharide from the green seaweed Ulva fasciata, to provide protection and induce resistance in wheat against the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis indicated that ulvan is mainly composed of unsaturated monosaccharides (rhamnose, rhamnose-3-sulfate, and xylose) and numerous uronic acid residues. In the greenhouse, foliar application of ulvan at 10 mg.ml–1 2 days before fungal inoculation reduced disease severity and pycnidium density by 45 and 50%, respectively. Ulvan did not exhibit any direct antifungal activity toward Z. tritici, neither in vitro nor in planta. However, ulvan treatment significantly reduced substomatal colonization and pycnidium formation within the mesophyll of treated leaves. Molecular assays revealed that ulvan spraying elicits, but does not prime, the expression of genes involved in several wheat defense pathways, including pathogenesis-related proteins (β-1,3-endoglucanase and chitinase), reactive oxygen species metabolism (oxalate oxidase), and the octadecanoid pathway (lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase), while no upregulation was recorded for gene markers of the phenylpropanoid pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase). Interestingly, the quantification of 83 metabolites from major chemical families using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in both non-infectious and infectious conditions showed no substantial changes in wheat metabolome upon ulvan treatment, suggesting a low metabolic cost associated with ulvan-induced resistance. Our findings provide evidence that ulvan confers protection and triggers defense mechanisms in wheat against Z. tritici without major modification of the plant physiology.
Comparative and Evolutionary Analyses on the Complete Plastomes of Five Kalanchoe Horticultural Plants
Authors: Tian Xiangyu , Guo Jia , Zhou Xiaojiao , Ma Ke , Ma Yonggui , Shi Tuansheng , Shi Yuhua
Published: September 2021

Many species of the genus Kalanchoe are important horticultural plants. They have evolved the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway to allow them to be better adapted to dry environments. Despite their importance, it is still debating whether Kalanchoe is monophyletic, and understanding the past diversification of this genus requires a tremendous amount of effort and work being devoted to the studies of morphological and molecular characters of this genus. However, molecular information, plastic sequence data, in particular, reported on Kalanchoe species is scarce, and this has posed a great challenge in trying to interpret the evolutionary history of this genus. In this study, plastomes of the five Kalanchoe species, including Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Kalanchoe delagoensis, Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, Kalanchoe longiflora, and Kalanchoe pinnata, were sequenced and analyzed. The results indicate that the five plastomes are comparable in size, guanine-cytosine (GC) contents and the number of genes, which also demonstrate an insignificant difference in comparison with other species from the family Crassulaceae. About 224 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 144 long repeats were identified in the five plastomes, and most of these are distributed in the inverted repeat regions. In addition, highly divergent regions containing either single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or insertion or deletion (InDel) mutations are discovered, which could be potentially used for establishing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Kalanchoe genus in future studies. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses suggest that Bryophyllum should be placed into one single genus as Kalanchoe. Further genomic analyses also reveal that several genes are undergone positive selection. Among them, 11 genes are involved in important cellular processes, such as cell survival, electron transfer, and may have played indispensable roles in the adaptive evolution of Kalanchoe to dry environments.
Gravity Reduced Nitrogen Uptake via the Regulation of Brace Unilateral Root Growth in Maize Intercropping
Authors: Chen Guopeng , Liang Bing , Bawa George , Chen Hong , Shi Kai , Hu Yun , Chen Ping , Fan Yuanfang , Pu Tian , Sun Xin , Yong Taiwen , Liu Weiguo , Liu Jiang , Du Junbo , Yang Feng , Wang Xiaochun , Yang Wenyu
Published: September 2021

Water, nutrient, light, and interspecific facilitation regulation of soil physicochemical properties and root morphology modulate nitrogen (N) uptake in cereal and legume intercropping systems. However, maize root morphological plasticity and N uptake capability response to gravity in the intercropping system remains to be determined. In this study, maize was grown under 20 cm (I20), 40 cm (I40), and 60 cm (I60) of narrow row spacing in an intercropping system (maize–soybean strip relay intercropping) and equal row spacing of monoculture (M) in a 2-year field experiment. As a supplementary for the field experiment, maize root barrier and plant inclination experiments were conducted. Plant inclination, brace root morphology, N uptake, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level, IAA synthesis genes, and grain yield were assessed. The result showed that the plant inclination increased with decreasing narrow row spacing in intercropping system. Also, the brace unilateral root growth ratio (BURR) increased with increasing plant inclination in intercropping treatments. The plant inclination experiment showed the BURR achieved 94% after inclination at 45°. BURR tended to be positively correlated (p = 0.00) with plant inclination. Thus, gravity (plant inclination) causes brace unilateral root growth. The IAA concentration of stem nodes in the wide row increased with increasing plant inclination, while the IAA accumulation decreased in the narrow row. The Zmvt2 and ZM2G141383 genes (associated with IAA biosynthesis) were highly expressed in a wide row. There was a strong correlation (p = 0.03) between the IAA concentration of wide row and the BURR. Therefore, gravity regulates the IAA level, which affects BURR. In addition, the brace root number, volume, and surface area were decreased when BURR was increased. Subsequently, the leaf N, cob N, and kernel N accumulation were reduced. These organs N and grain yield in I60 were not significantly different as compared to the control treatment. The excessive brace unilateral root growth was not conducive to N uptake and increased yield. Our results suggest that gravity is essential in regulating root morphology plasticity by regulating IAA levels and decreasing N uptake capacity. Furthermore, these results indicate that plant inclination can regulate root phenotype and N uptake of maize and by adjusting the spacing of narrow maize row, we can improve the N uptake and yield of the maize–soybean strip relay-intercropping system.
Exogenous Calcium Delays Grape Berry Maturation in the White cv. Loureiro While Increasing Fruit Firmness and Flavonol Content
Authors: Martins Viviana , Unlubayir Marianne , Teixeira António , Lanoue Arnaud , Gerós Hernâni
Published: September 2021

Vineyard calcium (Ca) sprays have been increasingly used by grape growers to improve fruit firmness and thus maintain quality, particularly in periods of heavy rains and hail. The observation that Ca visibly modified berry size, texture, and color in the most prominent white cultivar of the DOC region ‘Vinhos Verdes’, cultivar (cv.) Loureiro, led us to hypothesize that Ca induced metabolic rearrangements that resulted in a substantial delay in fruit maturation. Targeted metabolomics by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and directed transcriptomics were thus combined to characterize the metabolic and transcriptional profiles of cv. Loureiro berries that, together with firmness, °Brix, and fruit weight measurements, allowed to obtain an integrated picture of the biochemical and structural effects of Ca in this cultivar. Results showed that exogenous Ca decreased amino acid levels in ripe berries while upregulatingPAL1expression, and stimulated the accumulation of caftaric, coutaric, and fertaric acids. An increase in the levels of specific stilbenoids, namelyE-piceid andE-ω-viniferin, was observed, which correlated with the upregulation ofSTSexpression. Trace amounts of anthocyanins were detected in berries of this white cultivar, but Ca treatment further inhibited their accumulation. The increased berry flavonol content upon Ca treatment confirmed that Ca delays the maturation process, which was further supported by an increase in fruit firmness and decrease in weight and °Brix at harvest. This newly reported effect may be specific to white cultivars, a topic that deserves further investigation.
The Loss of Diversity in the Anthropocene Biological and Cultural Dimensions
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland
Published: September 2021

Theories of nationalism emphasise its standardising effects. Ernest Gellner compared the pre-nationalist world to a painting by Kokoschka (a colour extravaganza) and the world of nationalism as one by Modigliani (calm, monochrome surfaces), while Benedict Anderson showed how the standardisation of language through the medium of printing was a condition for shared national identities. In this article, homogenisation remains a concern, but the empirical framework differs from that of late 20th century theory. Taking its cue from Charles Mann’s 1493, a study of the world after Columbus where the term Homogenocene was proposed, the article shows how homogenisation is a key element in modernity, and analyses some implications of its recent acceleration. The effects of economic globalisation are detrimental to both biological and cultural diversity, since the Anthropocene era does not only refer to a reduction of biological diversity but also the incorporation of cultural groups into market economies, the loss of languages and of traditional livelihoods. The article then briefly surveys some responses to the upscaling of economies, the flattening of ecosystems and the growing power of corporations. The loss of flexibility is countered in a number of ways, from attempts to restore damaged ecosystems to groups defending their cultural and political autonomy. The analysis argues for a broad definition of politics (seen as the political), thereby questioning the ability of the state to solve the dilemma, which is a dual one relating simultaneously to cultural and biological loss. The conclusion is that upscaling (e.g., to the global system) is usually part of the problem rather than the solution, and that sideways scaling may address the shortcomings of downscaling (e.g., to the community level).
The Developing Brain in the Digital Era: A Scoping Review of Structural and Functional Correlates of Screen Time in Adolescence
Authors: Marciano Laura , Camerini Anne-Linda , Morese Rosalba
Published: September 2021

The widespread diffusion of screen-based devices in adolescence has fueled a debate about the beneficial and detrimental effects on adolescents’ well-being and development. With the aim of summarizing the existing literature on the associations between screen time (including Internet-related addictions) and adolescent brain development, the present scoping review summarized evidence from 16 task-unrelated and task-related neuroimaging studies, published between 2010 and 2020. Results highlight three important key messages: (i) a frequent and longer duration of screen-based media consumption (including Internet-related addictive behaviors) is related to a less efficient cognitive control system in adolescence, including areas of the Default Mode Network and the Central Executive Network; (ii) online activities act as strong rewards to the brain and repeated screen time augments the tendency to seek short-term gratifications; and (iii) neuroscientific research on the correlates between screen time and adolescent brain development is still at the beginning and in urgent need for further evidence, especially on the underlying causality mechanisms. Methodological, theoretical, and conceptual implications are discussed.
Do Not Tell Me More; You Are Honest: A Preconceived Honesty Bias
Authors: Pascual-Ezama David , Muñoz Adrián , Prelec Drazen
Published: September 2021

According to the previous literature, only a few papers found better accuracy than a chance to detect dishonesty, even when more information and verbal cues (VCs) improve precision in detecting dishonesty. A new classification of dishonesty profiles has recently been published, allowing us to study if this low success rate happens for all people or if some people have higher predictive ability. This paper aims to examine if (dis)honest people can detect better/worse (un)ethical behavior of others. With this in mind, we designed one experiment using videos from one of the most popular TV shows in the UK where contestants make a (dis)honesty decision upon gaining or sharing a certain amount of money. Our participants from an online MTurk sample (N = 1,582) had to determine under different conditions whether the contestants would act in an (dis)honest way. Three significant results emerged from these two experiments. First, accuracy in detecting (dis)honesty is not different than chance, but submaximizers (compared to maximizers) and radical dishonest people (compare to non-radicals) are better at detecting honesty, while there is no difference in detecting dishonesty. Second, more information and VCs improve precision in detecting dishonesty, but honesty is better detected using only non-verbal cues (NVCs). Finally, a preconceived honesty bias improves specificity (honesty detection accuracy) and worsens sensitivity (dishonesty detection accuracy).
Quantifying Everyday Ecologies: Principles for Manual Annotation of Many Hours of Infants' Lives
Authors: Mendoza Jennifer K. , Fausey Caitlin M.
Published: September 2021

Everyday experiences are the experiences available to shape developmental change. Remarkable advances in devices used to record infants' and toddlers' everyday experiences, as well as in repositories to aggregate and share such recordings across teams of theorists, have yielded a potential gold mine of insights to spur next-generation theories of experience-dependent change. Making full use of these advances, however, currently requires manual annotation. Manually annotating many hours of everyday life is a dedicated pursuit requiring significant time and resources, and in many domains is an endeavor currently lacking foundational facts to guide potentially consequential implementation decisions. These realities make manual annotation a frequent barrier to discoveries, as theorists instead opt for narrower scoped activities. Here, we provide theorists with a framework for manually annotating many hours of everyday life designed to reduce both theoretical and practical overwhelm. We share insights based on our team's recent adventures in the previously uncharted territory of everyday music. We identify principles, and share implementation examples and tools, to help theorists achieve scalable solutions to challenges that are especially fierce when annotating extended timescales. These principles for quantifying everyday ecologies will help theorists collectively maximize return on investment in databases of everyday recordings and will enable a broad community of scholars—across institutions, skillsets, experiences, and working environments—to make discoveries about the experiences upon which development may depend.
See & Eat! Using E-books to Promote Vegetable Eating Among Preschoolers: Findings From an Italian Sample
Authors: Caputi Marcella , Dulay Katrina May , Bulgarelli Daniela , Houston-Price Carmel , Cerrato Giuseppina , Fanelli Mauro , Masento Natalie A. , Molina Paola
Published: September 2021

Different strategies have been developed to help parents with introducing new or disliked vegetables. Nonetheless, many parents of preschoolers struggle against children's refusal to eat vegetables. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-books in promoting positive attitudes toward vegetables through repeated visual exposures. A total of 61 families with preschoolers joined the See & Eat study and received an e-book about one of two vegetables chosen from a list of 24. Parents provided ratings of children's willingness to taste, intake, and liking of the chosen vegetables before and after reading the e-book; parents also evaluated their children's food fussiness and their agreement with respect to three mealtime goals of the family. Using a 2 (vegetable: target or non-target) × 2 (time: pre-test or post-test) within-subjects analysis, results from 53 families revealed a significant increase in children's willingness to taste, intake, and liking at post-test of both target and non-target vegetables. Following a two-week parent-child e-book reading intervention, children's food fussiness and parents' endorsement of positive mealtime goals slightly but significantly increased. Results suggest that e-books are effective in encouraging healthy eating among preschoolers and that the positive effect of e-book reading can generalize to other vegetables.
A Pluralistic Perspective on Research in Psychotherapy: Harnessing Passion, Difference and Dialogue to Promote Justice and Relevance
Authors: Smith Kate , McLeod John , Blunden Nicola , Cooper Mick , Gabriel Lynne , Kupfer Christine , McLeod Julia , Murphie Marie-Clare , Oddli Hanne Weie , Thurston Mhairi , Winter Laura Anne
Published: September 2021

The adoption of a pluralistic perspective on research design, processes of data collection and analysis and dissemination of findings, has the potential to enable psychotherapy research to make a more effective contribution to building a just society. A review of the key features of the concept of pluralism is followed by a historical analysis of the ways in which research in counselling, psychotherapy and related disciplines has moved in the direction of a pluralistic position around knowledge creation. Core principles of a pluralistic approach to research are identified and explored in the context of a critical case study of contemporary research into psychotherapy for depression, examples of pluralistically oriented research practices, and analysis of a pluralistic conceptualisation of the nature of evidence. Implications of a pluralistic perspective for research training and practice are discussed. Pluralistic inquiry that emphasises dialogue, collaboration, epistemic justice and the co-existence of multiple truths, creates opportunities for individuals, families and communities from a wide range of backgrounds to co-produce knowledge in ways that support their capacities for active citizenship and involvement in open democratic decision-making. To fulfil these possibilities, it is necessary for psychotherapy research to be oriented towards social goals that are sufficiently relevant to both researchers and co-participants to harness their passion and work together for a common good.
Risk and Protective Factors for Personality Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Published Meta-Analyses of Case–Control and Cohort Studies
Authors: Solmi Marco , Dragioti Elena , Croatto Giovanni , Radua Joaquim , Borgwardt Stefan , Carvalho Andre F. , Demurtas Jacopo , Mosina Anna , Kurotschka Peter , Thompson Trevor , Cortese Samuele , Shin Jae Il , Fusar-Poli Paolo
Published: September 2021

The putative risk/protective factors for several personality disorders remain unclear. The vast majority of published studies has assessed personality characteristics/traits rather than disorders. Thus, the current umbrella review of meta-analyses (MAs) aims to systematically assess risk or protective factors associated with personality disorders. We searched PubMed–MEDLINE/PsycInfo databases, up to August 31, 2020. Quality of MAs was assessed with AMSTAR-2, while the credibility of evidence for each association was assessed through standard quantitative criteria. Out of 571 initial references, five meta-analyses met inclusion criteria, encompassing 56 associations of 26 potential environmental factors for antisocial, dependent, borderline personality disorder, with a median of five studies per association, and median 214 cases per association. Overall, 35 (62.5%) of the associations were nominally significant. Six associations met class II (i.e., highly suggestive) evidence for borderline personality disorder, with large effect sizes involving childhood emotional abuse (OR = 28.15, 95% CI 14.76–53.68), childhood emotional neglect (OR = 22.86, 95% CI 11.55–45.22), childhood any adversities (OR = 14.32, 95% CI 10.80–18.98), childhood physical abuse (OR = 9.30, 95% CI 6.57–13.17), childhood sexual abuse (OR = 7.95, 95% CI 6.21–10.17), and childhood physical neglect (OR = 5.73, 95% CI 3.21–10.21), plus 16 further associations supported by class IV evidence. No risk factor for antisocial or dependent personality disorder was supported by class I, II, and III, but six and seven met class IV evidence, respectively. Quality of included meta-analyses was rated as moderate in two, critically low in three. The large effect sizes found for a broad range of childhood adversities suggest that prevention of personality disorders should target childhood-related risk factors. However, larger cohort studies assessing multidimensional risk factors are needed in the field.
Total Sleep Deprivation Followed by Bright Light Therapy as Rapid Relief for Depression: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ioannou Michael , Szabó Zoltán , Widmark-Jensen Mats , Vyrinis Georgios , Karlsson Christopher , Steingrimsson Steinn
Published: September 2021

Background: Total sleep deprivation (TSD) combined with bright light therapy (BLT) has been suggested as a valuable add-on to standard treatment for rapid relief of depression. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials in real-life clinical settings. The aim of this pragmatic randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effectiveness, acceptance, and feasibility of TSD combined with BLT as add-on to standard treatment for depression in a real-life clinical setting.

Methods: Thirty-three inpatients were randomly assigned to either: a) an intervention group receiving a single-night TSD followed by 6 days BLT (10.000 lux, 30 min/day) as add-on to standard treatment; or b) a control group receiving a short sleep-hygiene consultation in addition to standard treatment. The follow-up period was 1 week.

Results: No statistical differences were found in response rates, reduction of depressive and insomnia symptoms, length of stay, readmission rate, and clinical improvement. Both groups reported positive experiences toward the received treatment with low drop-out rates.

Conclusions: One-night TSD followed by BLT was not effective as a rapid relief for depression at 1-week follow-up; however, the treatment was feasible and well-tolerated.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Societal Infection Control Measures on Children and Adolescents' Mental Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Marchi Jamile , Johansson Nina , Sarkadi Anna , Warner Georgina
Published: September 2021

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic is primarily a crisis that affects people's physical health. However, it is well-known from previous epidemics and pandemics that there are other indirect negative impacts on mental health, among others. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore and summarise primary empirical research evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic and societal infection control measures have impacted children and adolescents' mental health.

Methods:A literature search was conducted in five scientific databases: PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, and Social Science Premium Collection. The search string was designed using the Population (0–18 years), Exposure (COVID-19), Outcomes (mental health) framework. Mental health was defined broadly, covering mental well-being to mental disorders and psychiatric conditions.

Results:Fifty-nine studies were included in the scoping review. Of these, 44 were cross-sectional and 15 were longitudinal studies. Most studies reported negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health outcomes, yet the evidence was mixed. This was also the case for studies investigating societal control measures. Strong resilience, positive emotion regulation, physical activity, parental self-efficacy, family functioning and emotional regulation, and social support were reported as protective factors. On the contrary, emotional reactivity and experiential avoidance, exposure to excessive information, COVID-19 school concerns, presence of COVID-19 cases in the community, parental mental health problems, and high internet, social media and video game use were all identified as potentially harmful factors.

Conclusions:Due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies and geographical variation, it is challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the real impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. However, the existing body of research gives some insight to how parents, clinicians and policy makers can take action to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and control measures. Interventions to promote physical activity and reduce screen time among children and adolescents are recommended, as well as parenting support programs.
Mental Health Issues in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses in Bangladesh: View Point of Media Reporting
Authors: Nabila Ashraf Mir , Jennings Hannah , Chakma Nantu , Farzana Noshin , Islam Md. Saimul , Maruf Toufiq , Uddin M. M. Jalal , Uddin Ahmed Helal , McDaid David , Naheed Aliya
Published: September 2021

Background: The negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health has been reported by media throughout the world, although this role is not well-understood in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). We examined the reporting of mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh and initiatives undertaken to support mental health reported from the viewpoint of media.

Methods: We reviewed articles published in 10 local newspapers, including seven Bangla and three English newspapers, during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. News topics were identified through discussions among the team members, with searches across online newspapers and portals. Data extrapolated from newspapers were documented in an Excel spreadsheet. A mixed-method approach was used following a framework analysis for analyzing data. Recurring issues and commonly emerging topics were generated from the data. Descriptive statistics were applied for analyzing quantitative data.

Results: Between March 2020 and March 2021, we have identified 201 reports on mental health issues including 45 reports (22.4%) focused on stress due to the associated financial crisis, unemployment and loneliness, 50 reports (24.9%) of 80 apparent suicides linked to family issues, disharmony in conjugal relationships, harassment, sexual violence, emotional breakdown, financial crisis, and stigma due to COVID-19.There were 77 reports (38.3%) concerning domestic violence during the pandemic. Twenty-nine reports (14.4%) referenced actions taken by different organizations to address mental health issues in response to the pandemic in Bangladesh.

Conclusion: News coverage has the scope to highlight important issues that can emerge as a consequence of the COVID-pandemic, such as mental health, in a low resource setting. Capacity building of the media on the way to report mental health issues during emergency situations could be a useful strategy for more credible reporting on mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic for raising awareness of the public and policymakers about the negative consequences on mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Adopting policies to support essential mental health care and promoting the local organizations to take timely public health measures will be imperative for averting the negative consequences of mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
Case Report: Perspective of a Caregiver on Functional Outcomes Following Bilateral Lateral Pectoral Nerve Cryoneurotomy to Treat Spasticity in a Pediatric Patient With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Scobie Jack , Winston Paul
Published: September 2021

Spasticity is common and difficult to manage complication of cerebral palsy that significantly affects the function and quality of life of patients. This case study reports a 15-year-old male with quadriplegic cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System 5 (GMFCS 5), who presented with significant bilateral adducted and internally rotated shoulders as a component of generalized spasticity. Spasticity in the lower limb of the patient had been treated with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections; however, the shoulder region was spared due to concerns of toxin spread and aspiration risk. Following diagnostic nerve blocks, the patient underwent bilateral cryoneurotomies of the right and left lateral pectoral nerves (LPNs) lasting 3.5 min for each lesion. One month after the cryoneurotomies, the range of motion (ROM) had improved from 86° to 133° on the right and 90° to 139° on the left. Improvements in ROM were retained at 9 months post-procedure. At 8.5 months following the cryoneurotomies, the caregiver reported improvements in upper body dressing, upper body washing, transferring, and the ability of the patient to remain sitting in his wheelchair for extended periods. Cryoneurotomy may be an effective procedure for improving shoulder ROM and specific functional outcomes for caregivers of patients with spasticity arising from cerebral palsy.
Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development
Authors: Bhagirath Anjali Y. , Medapati Manoj Reddy , de Jesus Vivianne Cruz , Yadav Sneha , Hinton Martha , Dakshinamurti Shyamala , Atukorallaya Devi
Published: September 2021

Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.
Reports of Doses Administered and Adverse Reactions to Snake Antivenom Used in Uruguay in 2018
Authors: Negrin Alba , Battocletti María Alejandra , Juanena Carolina , Morais Victor
Published: September 2021

In Uruguay, around 60 cases of snakebite accidents occur every year that need to be treated with specific antivenom. They are caused by two snakes of Bothrops genus: Bothrops alternatus and Bothrops pubescens. Snakebite accidents are mandatory notification events, allowing the acquisition of an accurate registry and a fluent communication with the health care services. The aim of this study is to analyze and report the doses administered to achieve the neutralization of the venom and the adverse reactions caused by snake antivenoms used in Uruguay in 2018, when a change was made in the type of antivenom available. In this year, Uruguay started to use the BIOL® antivenom (lyophilized) and this use coexists with traditional antivenom liquid forms (Vital Brazil and Malbran). The number of patients treated with heterologous BIOL® antivenom were 28 and the ones treated with heterologous solutions Malbran and Vital Brazil antivenoms were 21. The initial dose of BIOL antivenom was 8 vials instead of 4 vials regularly used with the others antivenoms and it achieved the neutralization of most cases (27/28 cases). Early adverse reactions were detected in 4 patients (3 in children) treated with BIOL antivenom and there were no adverse reactions in those treated with Malbran or Vital Brazil antivenoms. Lyophilized antivenom BIOL is being used widely in Uruguay without major complications.
Exploratory Study of Fecal Cortisol, Weight, and Behavior as Measures of Stress and Welfare in Shelter Cats During Assimilation Into Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Carlisle Gretchen K. , Johnson Rebecca A. , Koch Colleen S. , Lyons Leslie A. , Wang Ze , Bibbo Jessica , Cheak-Zamora Nancy
Published: September 2021

Background:Cats are a common companion animal (CA) in US households, and many live in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The prevalence of ASD is one in 54, and many children have behavior challenges as well as their diagnostic communication disorders.

Objective:Benefits of CAs for children with ASD have been identified, but little is known about the welfare of CAs in these homes. This study explored the welfare of cats (N= 10) screened for ideal social and calm temperament using the Feline Temperament Profile (FTP) and adopted by families of children with ASD.

Methods:Cat stress was measured using fecal cortisol, weight, and a behavior stress measure (cat stress score). Measures were taken at baseline in the shelter, 2–3 days after adoption, and at weeks 6, 12, and 18.

Result:Outcome measures suggested the adopted cats' stress levels did not increase postadoption; however, the small sample size limited analytical power and generalizability.

Conclusion:This study provides preliminary evidence for the success of cat adoption by families of children with ASD, when cats have been temperament screened and cat behavior educational information is provided. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.
Intratumoural Treatment of 18 Cytologically Diagnosed Canine High-Grade Mast Cell Tumours With Tigilanol Tiglate
Authors: Brown Graham K. , Campbell Justine E. , Jones Pamela D. , De Ridder Thomas R. , Reddell Paul , Johannes Chad M.
Published: September 2021

Canine high-grade mast cell tumours (HGMCT) are associated with a poor prognosis, are inherently more invasive, and have higher rates of local recurrence. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of intratumoural tigilanol tiglate (TT) as a local treatment option. Eighteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) cytologically diagnosed by veterinary pathologists as either high-grade or suspected high-grade MCT were treated with TT. The TT dose was based on tumour volume (0.5 mg TT/cm3 tumour volume) and delivered intratumourally using a Luer lock syringe and a fanning technique to maximise distribution throughout the tumour mass. Efficacy was assessed on the presence/absence of a complete response (CR) to therapy at days 28 and 84 using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST). For dogs not achieving a CR after 28 days, the protocol was repeated with a second intratumoural TT injection. Ten out of 18 dogs (56%) in this study achieved and maintained a CR to at least 84 days after their first or second treatment. Six patients were alive and available for evaluation at 2 years, three of those were recurrence free, and a further three patients were recurrence free following a second treatment cycle. Tigilanol tiglate shows efficacy for local treatment of HGMCT, with higher efficacy noted with a second injection if a CR was not achieved following the first treatment. In the event of treatment site recurrence (TSR), the tumour may be controlled with additional treatment cycles. Tigilanol tiglate provides an alternative local treatment approach to dogs with HGMCT that would either pose an unacceptable anaesthetic risk or the tumour location provides a challenge when attempting surgical excision.
Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Serovars Derby and Rissen From the Pig Value Chain in Vietnam
Authors: González-Santamarina Belén , García-Soto Silvia , Dang-Xuan Sinh , Abdel-Glil Mostafa Y. , Meemken Diana , Fries Reinhard , Tomaso Herbert
Published: September 2021

Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the most reported cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in Vietnam, and contaminated pork is one of the main sources of human infection. In recent years, the prevalence of NTS carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have been increased. The genomic characterization along the pig value chain and the identification of ARGs and plasmids have the potential to improve food safety by understanding the dissemination of ARGs from the farm to the table. We report an analysis of 13 S. Derby and 10 S. Rissen isolates, collected in 2013 at different stages in Vietnamese slaughterhouses and markets. VITEK 2 Compact System was used to characterize the phenotypical antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. In addition, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to detect ARGs and plasmids conferring multidrug resistance. Whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism typing was used to determine the genetic diversity of the strains and the spread of ARGs along the pig value chain. Altogether, 86.9% (20/23) of the samples were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to ampicillin was most frequently detected (73.9%), followed by piperacillin and moxifloxacin (both 69.6%). At least one ARG was found in all strains, and 69.6% (16/23) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The observed phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance were not always concordant. Plasmid replicons were found in almost all strains [95.6% (22/23)], and the phylogenetic analysis detected nine clusters (S. Derby, n = 5; S. Rissen, n = 4). ARGs and plasmid content were almost identical within clusters. We found six MDR IncHI1s with identical plasmid sequence type in strains of different genetic clusters at the slaughterhouse and the market. In conclusion, high rates of multidrug resistance were observed in Salmonella strains from Vietnam in 2013. Genomic analysis revealed many resistance genes and plasmids, which have the potential to spread along the pig value chain from the slaughterhouse to the market. This study pointed out that bioinformatics analyses of WGS data are essential to detect, trace back, and control the MDR strains along the pig value chain. Further studies are necessary to assess the more recent MDR Salmonella strains spreading in Vietnam.
A High-Throughput Method to Analyze the Interaction Proteins With p22 Protein of African Swine Fever Virus In Vitro
Authors: Zhu Xuejiao , Fan Baochao , Zhou Junming , Wang Dandan , Fan Huiying , Li Bin
Published: September 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been identified as the agent of African swine fever, resulting in a mortality rate of nearly 100% in domestic pigs worldwide. Protein p22 encoded by gene KP177R has been reported to be localized at the inner envelope of the virus, while the function of p22 remains unclear. In this study, p22 interacting proteins of the host were identified by a high-throughput method and analyzed by Gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; numerous cellular proteins in 293-T that interacted with p22 protein were identified. These interacting proteins were related to the biological processes of binding, cell structure, signal transduction, cell adhesion, etc. At the same time, the interacted proteins participated in several KEGG pathways like ribosome, spliceosome, etc. The key proteins in the protein–protein interaction network were closely related to actin filament organization and movement, resulting in affecting the process of phagocytosis and endocytosis. A large number of proteins that interacted with p22 were identified, providing a large database, which should be very useful to elucidate the function of p22 in the near future, laying the foundation for elucidating the mechanism of ASFV.
Effect of the Inoculation Site of Bovine and Avian Purified Protein Derivatives (PPDs) on the Performance of the Intradermal Tuberculin Test in Goats From Tuberculosis-Free and Infected Herds
Authors: Ortega Javier , Roy Álvaro , Álvarez Julio , Sánchez-Cesteros José , Romero Beatriz , Infantes-Lorenzo Jose A. , Sáez José L. , López Marisol , Domínguez Lucas , de Juan Lucia , Bezos Javier
Published: September 2021

The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and CIT) tests are used for the ante-mortem diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis (TB). The tuberculin injection site has been associated with a different performance of the test in cattle. In contrast to that required in cattle in Europe (cervical injection), it can be carried out in the scapular region in goats. Nevertheless, there are no previous data concerning the effect of the injection site on the performance of the test in goats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different inoculation sites (cervical and scapular) on the performance of the SIT/CIT tests. This was done by intradermally inoculating 309 goats from two infected herds and one TB-free herd with both avian and bovine PPDs in the mid-cervical and scapular regions. None of the animals from the TB-free herd had positive reactions, and the number of reactors was not significantly higher, regardless of the inoculation site, in the high and low prevalence herds. However, significantly higher increases in skin fold thickness were observed on the cervical site when compared to the scapular site after the avian and bovine PPD inoculations in the TB-free herd (p < 0.001) and after the bovine PPD injection in the high prevalence herd (p = 0.003). The presence of clinical signs was also more evident on the cervical site when using avian and bovine PPDs in the high prevalence herd (p < 0.01). In contrast, increases in higher skin fold thickness were observed on the scapular site when compared to the cervical site after the bovine and avian PPD inoculations were employed in the low prevalence herd (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the cervical injection of PPDs may improve the sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test in high TB prevalence caprine herds, mainly owing to the increased presence of local clinical signs and a better performance of the CIT test. Moreover, specificity was not affected when using standard interpretations, although further analyses in a great number of herds are required in order to confirm these findings.
Modeling and Analysis in Trajectory Tracking Control for Wheeled Mobile Robots with Wheel Skidding and Slipping: Disturbance Rejection Perspective
Authors: Gao Xiaoshan , Yan Liang , Gerada Chris
Published: September 2021

Wheeled mobile robot (WMR) is usually applicable for executing an operational task around complicated environment; skidding and slipping phenomena unavoidably appear during the motion, which thus can compromise the accomplishment of the task. This paper investigates the trajectory tracking control problem of WMRs via disturbance rejection in the presence of wheel skidding and slipping phenomena. The kinematic and dynamic models with the perturbed nonholonomic constraints are established. The trajectory tracking control scheme at the dynamic level is designed so that the mobile robot system can track the virtual velocity asymptotically, and counteract the perturbation caused by the unknown skidding and slipping of wheels. Both simulation and experimental works are conducted, and the results prove the performance of the proposed control scheme is effective in terms of tracking precision and disturbance attenuation.
Industrial Ecology and Innovation: At What Point Are We? Editorial for the Special Issue “Industrial Ecology and Innovation”
Authors: Taddeo Raffaella
Published: September 2021

For a long time, starting from the first industrial revolution until the second postwar period, technological progress has been aimed at increasing the technical-economic efficiency of production systems [...]