bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ethical Discussion Analysis Model for STS
Authors: Zielinski Edward J. , Wiley David A.
Published: March 2007

Many science teachers, especially those engaging in the science-technology-society approach, are finding it difficult to deal with issues having a strong ethical component. It would be useful to forecast the variety of positions that may be held by students when dealing with these issues. The Ethics Decision and Analysis Model provides a mechanism for this purpose. Building on the work of Kohlburg, the model identifies four decision-making orientations: a) normative order, b) utility consequences, c) justice/fairness, and d) ideal-self. Issues are analyzed using both the proponent and opponent outlooks in each of the four orientations above within each of the three component areas of science-technology-society. Using this model to analyze issues that are to be presented, and allowing for each, the science teacher is more likely to ensure that students are not left out of discussions or role plays due to their ethical decision-making framework.
Self-System Influences During Early Adolescence:
Authors: DuBois David L. , Tevendale Heather D. , Burk-Braxton Carol , Swenson Lance P. , Hardesty Jennifer L.
Published: March 2007

An integrative model of self-system influences during early adolescence was investigated in two separate samples of youth in Grades 7 through 9 (n = 225) and Grades 5 through 8 (n = 350). Measures assessed self-description, self-standards, self-evaluations, and self-values in the areas of peers, school, family, appearance, and sports/athletics as well as global self-esteem. For both samples, structural equation modeling analyses provided support for a hypothesized model that included (a) effects of self-descriptions and self-standards on self-evaluations in corresponding domains and (b) effects of domain-specific self-evaluations, in turn, on global self-esteem. There was only limited evidence that the values youth attached to differing domains moderated the relationship between self-evaluations in those domains and overall feelings of self-worth. Differences in model fit according to gender, race/ethnicity, developmental level, and family socioeconomic status were generally absent. Significant differences in mean levels of measures, however, were found across subgroups of youth.
Relations of Pubertal Timing and Depressive Symptoms to Substance Use in Early Adolescence
Authors: Wiesner Margit , Ittel Angela
Published: March 2007

The aim for this longitudinal study was to test three hypotheses concerning the effects of pubertal timing on substance use during early adolescence. The maturational deviance hypothesis posits that any deviation from the norm, that is, early maturation and late maturation, would increase the risk for substance use. The stage termination hypothesis proposes that only early maturers would show higher levels of substance use. The mediation hypothesis predicts that the relation between off-time maturation and substance use is mediated by heightened depressive symptoms. The three hypotheses were tested in a prospective design with a German sample of early adolescents. The results of the analyses supported the stage termination hypothesis rather than the maturational deviance hypothesis or the mediation hypothesis. Early maturing boys and girls reported a higher frequency of substance use within the following year than did the other participants, with the effects being more pronounced for smoking cigarettes than for drinking alcohol.
The Amount of Sex Information Learning Obtained During Early Adolescence
Authors: Thornburg Hershel D.
Published: March 2007

This study reports the findings of a survey on sources of sex information among 1152 students. They were asked to identify their initial sources of information on twelve sexual concepts. In addition, they indicated the age when they first learned these concepts and wrote a definition for each of the twelve terms. Results indicate that 99 percent of initial sex infor-mation is learned in the early adolescent years or earlier. Females tended to learn from more reliable sources than males although both learned more from peers than any other source. The overall accuracy in under-standing sexual concepts was high which is interpreted within this study as a positive indicator of early adolescents learning about sex.
Curriculum as Transmitter of Socioeconomic Values
Authors: Martin June
Published: March 2007

The social context of a sixth-grade writing project was analyzed to iden-tify both the manifest and hidden curriculum and to relate findings to expectations and norms of society by using methods of ethnographic fieldwork. Data sources included field notes, videotapes, teacher inter-views, and a student questionnaire. Findings suggest that enacted cur-riculum, i.e., a simulation game, shapes values through tacit acceptance of behavioral rules and an ascendant hierarchy of occupational roles, both of which determined unequal assets, privileges, and decision-making power, and contributed to legitimation of inequalities of a capitalistic socioeconomic system. Results of this study can alert educators to the need for making such socioeconomic norms problematic and for recon-structing curricular experiences. Writing can become not only a tool for cultural reproduction and for technology, but also a tool for critical think-ing and a stimulator of creative action for remedying injustices.
The Contribution of the Family to the Facilitation of Identity Formation in Early Adolescence
Authors: Grotevant Harold D.
Published: March 2007

This paper explores the family's role in the facilitation of identity formation in early adolescence. First, studies that focus on the family's style of adapting to the transition from childhood into early adolescence are reviewed. Second, research on the relation between identity formation and family processes in late adolescence is reviewed in order to suggest directions for future research with early adolescents. Finally, three issues warranting further investigation are outlined: gender differences, domain-specific studies of identity, and longitudinal studies of developmental sequences of identity formation.
Promoting Identity Development in Adolescents
Authors: Enright Robert D. , Ganiere Diane M. , Buss Ray R. , Lapsley Daniel K. , Olson Leanne Marzocco
Published: March 2007

A model of identity formation based on the cognitive developmental stages of social-perspective taking is described. The model assumes that identity can be achieved through cognitive strategies of considering the self in relation to one friend, one's family, the peer group, and society. A study with high school students was undertaken to test the model. The program included 43 high school seniors and lasted for two weeks. The experimental students were asked to take the perspective of each social entity above and then to consider how the self was like and unlike these. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed that the experimentals gained significantly more than the controls on Rasmussen's Ego Identity Scale (EIS) following the program.
Family Functioning and Identity Status in Adolescence
Authors: Bosma Harke A. , Gerrits Rob S.
Published: March 2007

In this study the relationship between aspects of family functioning and the achievement of identity in adolescence is investigated. Three family interaction variables, namely, adolescent autonomy, parental attitudes towards adolescent autonomy, and percentage of speaking time of each family member are derived from observation of 27 families (parents and adolescent child) in a problem solving task and related to the adolescent identity status. Identity status is separately scored for six content areas. Psychometric analyses show that the scores of the six areas can be combined into one overall status. In general the findings indicate that identity status is related to the family interaction variables. In the discussion attention is paid to the usefulness of psychometric procedures in scoring the identity status interview.
Effective Middle Level Principals
Authors: Valentine J. W.
Published: March 2007

Today, more is expected of principals than ever before. Instructional leadership, curricular management, test data monitoring, day-by-day management, parent committees, participative management are representative of the pressures faced daily by building level administrators. As more is expected, and as effective principals are more closely scrutinized, more is learned about "effectiveness" as it applies to all principals, and to middle level principals in particular. This manuscript presents findings from general studies of principal effectiveness and more specific studies of middle level principal effectiveness which can be translated into useful practices in middle level schools. A process for the professional improvement of principals is also presented, including suggestions for self-assessment and strategies for personal improvement. The principal is the key that unlocks the effectiveness of a given school. Before the school can function at the most effective level, the principal must function effectively. This manuscript provides a knowledge base and some suggestions which can lead to more effective performance.
Gender Differences in the Psychological Symptomatology and Coping Strategies of Young Adolescents
Authors: Kurdek Lawrence A.
Published: March 2007

This study examined gender differences in 298 seventh and ninth graders' self-reported psychological symptoms, coping strategies, and the relation between psychological symptoms and coping strategies. The most notable gender differences occurred in the area of symptomatology. For boys, the most frequently reported symptom was "Feeling uneasy when people are watching or talking about you"; for girls, it was "Worrying too much about things." Six symptoms were common to the 10 most frequent symptoms reported by boys and by girls. For both boys and girls, the most frequently endorsed coping strategies were "Listen to music" and "Watch TV." Five other strategies were among the 10 most frequent strategies reported by both boys and girls. For both boys and girls, frequent use of ventilation as a coping strategy was positively but weakly related to psychological symptomatology.
Readiness for Formal Learning in the Middle Grades: A Study of Predictors for Success in Eighth Grade Algebra
Authors: Belli Gabriella , Gatewood Thomas
Published: March 2007

This study was an investigation of whether a paper and pencil measure of cognitive development level is a better predictor of success in an eighth grade algebra course than more traditional measures such as algebra prognosis and general achievement test scores, teacher recommendations, and previous mathematics grades. Multiple regression analyses using a sample of 131 students indicated that two standardized measures, one of general achievement and one of cognitive development, were the best overall predictors of success as measured by a standardized algebra achievement test. Using the final algebra grade as the criterion measure resulted in teacher recommendations and previous mathematics grades as the best predictors. The addition of gender to both equations showed a slight edge for males on achievement scores, but did not differentiate between the sexes with respect to grades received.
Depressive Affect and Restraint in Early Adolescents: Relationships with Family Structure, Family Process and Friendship Support
Authors: Feldman S. Shirley , Rubenstein Judith L. , Rubin Carol
Published: March 2007

This study investigates the relationship between depressive affect and restraint and family and friendship variables in 103 unselected sixth graders (56 girls). Family measures included family structure (intact vs. two-parent families) and four family processes; communication with father, communication with mother, family cohesion and family adaptability. In addition, friendship support was assessed. Family structure was related to depression, but not after family processes were partialled out. Stepwise multiple regression models indicated that family cohesion and friendship support accounted for more than 50 percent of the variance in depressive affect. A high risk group for depressive affect was identified: Adolescents from single parent families with low friendship support had scores in the clinically depressed range. Restraint was best predicted by gender and mother-adolescent communication in the regression models, whereas family structure and friendship support did not account for further variance. Both depression and restraint were related to the number of stressors. The implications for the etiology of depressive affect and behavior problems were discussed.
Effects of an Orientation Program on Mobile Transfer Students
Authors: Berg-Cross Linda , Flanagan Richard
Published: March 2007

A group orientation program was designed and carried out to aid the adjustment of mobile seventh and eighth grade transfer students to their new schools. Students in the treatment program were compared to others in both placebo and no-treatment control conditions on various measures of school and emotional adjustment. The measures included state measures of anxiety, depression, and hostility; a problem checklist; and orientation and attitude questionnaires. Adjustment data were collected at the beginning and end of the treatment program. It was found that transfer students in the orientation-treatment program were less anxious, depressed and hostile, reported fewer school and personal problems, had more positive attitudes towards school, and were better oriented at the end of the treatment program than transfer students in the control conditions.
Popularity and Intimacy as Determinants of Psychological Well-Being in Adolescent Friendships
Authors: Townsend Michael A. R. , McCracken Helen E. , Wilton Keri M.
Published: March 2007

A great deal of research has shown that children's friendship is linked with mental health. Much of this research has placed a heavy reliance on determining popularity by a sociometric technique in which children nominate their friends, but this procedure fails to identify the intimacy component of friendship known to be important in adolescent relationships. The current study combined measures of popularity and intimacy in an orthogonal, factorial design to determine their relationship to two separate measures of psychological adjustment, self-esteem and sex-role orientation, in early adolescents. The results showed intimacy to be more predictive of psychological adjustment than popularity. The results are discussed in terms of the need to differentiate the components of friendship.
The Impact of Puberty on Body and Eating Concerns in Athletic and Nonathletic Contexts
Authors: Brooks-Gunn J. , Attie Ilana , Burrow Carolyn , Rosso James T. , Warren Michelle P.
Published: March 2007

Two studies were conducted to examine the possible impact of puberty on body and eating concerns in different contexts. In Study 1, associations of maturational timing with body and eating concerns were examined in swimmers, dancers, and nonathletes in the middle adolescentyears; girls from 14 to 18 years of age were seen (287 nonathletes, 64 dancers, and 72 swimmers). They were classified as early, on-time, and late maturers on the basis of menarcheal age and status. In Study 2, 238 girls (193 nonathletes and 45 dancers) were seen twice, once in middle school and again two years later. Predictors of eating problems were examined concurrently and longitudinally. Pubertal, family, and personality factors were associated with eating problems in the nonathletes but not the dancers during middle school. Concurrently and longitudinally, body image predicted eating attitudes in both samples. Results are discussed in terms of goodness-of-fit and developmental psychopathology models.
Development of Story Characters in Gender-Stereotypic and -Nonstereotypic Occupational Roles
Authors: Trepanier-Street Mary L. , Romatowski Jane A. , McNair Shannan
Published: March 2007

This research examined the creative writing responses of 140 third- and sixth-grade boy and girl writers to story characters cast in either stereotypic (male mechanic and female nurse) or nonstereotypic (female mechanic and male nurse) occupational roles. The 560 stories were examined for maintenance of character in assigned occupational role, development of character along gender-stereotypic and -nonstereotypic lines, and evidence of gender change in the lead character. Results suggested that development of character was consistent with gender expectations for the lead character in the stereotypic stories and in the nonstereotypic female mechanic story. For the nonstereotypic male nurse story, the development of character was consistent with the author's gender. Further evidence of stereotypic thinking occurred in those nonstereotypic stories where the lead character's gender was changed to be consistent with the stereotype of the occupational role. These findings support previous research on gender differences and gender perceptions
Friendship and Deviance
Authors: Gillmore Mary Rogers , Hawkins J. David , Day L. Edward , Catalano Richard F.
Published: March 2007

This study examined the relationship between peer attachment and peer deviance. Study participants were fifth-grade students from an urban school district. Approximately half of the sample was male, and subjects represented a variety of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Subjects were asked questions about each of four best friends including how much they shared thoughts and feelings with the friends (intimacy), and whether they wanted to be like these friends (identification). They also were asked whether these friends got in trouble with the teacher, and whether they, themselves, got in trouble with the teacher. Results indicated that, in general, early adolescents were more attached to friends who did not get into trouble, regardless of whether they got in trouble themselves. These findings are inconsistent with cultural deviance theories and suggest, instead, that early adolescents likely share a common definition that friendships with conventional peers are more desirable than friendships with deviant peers.
Development and Validation of an Early Adolescent Temperament Measure
Authors: Capaldi Deborah M. , Rothbart Mary K.
Published: March 2007

Two studies were employed to develop a self-report temperament measure for the early adolescent period. The measure was based on the work of Rothbart and colleagues with adults and focused on emotionality, reactivity, and self-regulation. In Study 1, 97 middle school students (SO girls and 47 boys), aged 11 to 14 years, completed the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ). In addition, 93 parents reported on their adolescent's temperament. Analyses assessing scale reliability, dimensionality, and discriminant validity were conducted. Two of the EATQ's 14 scales were eliminated, and 2 were collapsed to form 1 scale; 92 of the original 168 items were retained after these analyses. The 11 final scales assessed fear, irritability, shyness, sadness, high-intensity pleasure, low-intensity pleasure, sensitivity, autonomic reactivity, motor activation, activity level, and attention. Alphas for the)) scales were high, and average convergence between parent report and adolescent report for the scales was .29. Three factors were identified in an analysis of the remaining 11 scale scores: negative emotion and somatic arousal, positive emotion and sensitivity, and high intensity pleasure or sensation seeking. In Study 2, participants were 64 boys and 64 girls, aged 11 to 14 years. Scale reliability and the factor structure of the modified adolescent scale were replicated in Study 2. In addition, eight scales from other measures were administered to assess convergent validity of the scales, and retests were conducted. Retest stability was high, and correlations with parallel scales averaged .50, indicating scale validity. Results indicate that the EATQ provides reliable and valid assessment of 1) dimensions of temperament for early adolescents.
Development of an Abbreviated Fonr of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire for Adolescents
Authors: Webb John A. , Baer Paul E. , Caid Charlene D. , McKelvey Robert S. , Converse Ronald E.
Published: March 2007

This article reports the development of an abbreviated version of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire for Adolescents (AEQ-A) that has acceptable psychometric properties. A sample of seventh graders was split randomly into two halves, and the abbreviated version was developed using the two halves of the sample, including cross validation with half of the sample. All 90 items of the seven original AEQ-A subscales were administered to both halves of the sample. After psychometric processing, five abbreviated subscales (combined, 27 items) were retained Analyses showed that the abbreviated subscales had acceptable internal consistency and were related to other measures of substance use in a manner similar to the original subscales. Intercorrelations among the subscales were lower for the abbreviated subscales than for the original subscales.
Moral Dilemmas of Early Adolescents of Divorced and Intact Families
Authors: Breen Dorothy Tysse , Crosbie-Burnett Margaret
Published: March 2007

In this exploratory study, differences in the content of moral dilemmas reported by early adolescents of divorcedversus intact families were investigated. Based on developmental theory and prior clinical observations, it was hypothesized that early adolescents from divorced families would report more family-related moral dilemmas. Nearly the entire population (n = 98) of fifth graders from a rural midwestern town were asked to describe a moral dilemma they were experiencing. Early adolescents of divorce reported more family-related moral dilemmas than did early adolescents of intact families. There were no differences by gender or educational level of parents. The results tentatively support the clinical observations of Wallerstein that children and adolescents of divorce face additional psychological tasks in development. The results appear to support the Kegan theory of development, which postulates that early adolescents of divorce may not advance as soon as other early adolescents from embeddedness in the family to embeddedness in the peer culture.
Effects on Students of an Interdisciplinary Program Linking Social Studies, Art, and Family Volunteers in the Middle Grades
Authors: Epstein Joyce L. , Dauber Susan L.
Published: March 2007

This study explored several components of middle grades reform including school and family partnerships, interdisciplinary units of work, and student outcomes to increase art awareness, appreciation, and criticism. The case study was an empirical evaluation of the effects on student learning of the Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork (TIPS) Social Studies and Art Volunteers program in an urban middle school. The program organized parent and other volunteers in order to create opportunities for students to study interdisciplinary connections between art and social studies curricula in the middle grades. The volunteers prepared and presented discussions of prints of well-known art in students' social studies. Data were collected from over 400 students in Grades Six through 8 in a Baltimore City middle school to evaluate the effects of the TIPS Social Studies and Art Volunteers program. Results show that students increased their awareness of art, developed attitudes toward and preferences for different styles of art, and were able to express their likes and dislikes. Students' comments reflect variations in early adolescents' transitions from concrete to abstract thinking. The data support the viability of the program as one that may help other middle grades schools organize volunteers as part of a comprehensive program of six major types of school, family, and community partnerships.
Prospective Models of Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence
Authors: Bennett David S. , Bates John E.
Published: March 2007

Models of depressive symptoms were compared in a 6-month prospective study of 95 nonreferred 11- to 13-year-olds. Maladaptive attributional style and social support correlated with multiple measures of concurrent depressive symptoms. Life stress generally failed to correlate with concurrent depressive symptoms. Prospectively, attribution style failed to predict depressive symptoms, whereas social support predicted mother, but not self-, ratings of depressive symptoms. The interaction between attributional style and subsequent life stress generally failed to predict future depressive symptoms. Limited specificity was found in that risk factors correlated similarly with depressive symptoms and aggressive behaviors. Findings showed that attributional style was primarily a concomitant of depressive symptoms in the present sample, although length of follow-up and age need to be considered when testing the temporal relationships posited by causal attributional style models. In addition, future research should examine further the etiological role of social support in models of early adolescent depression.
Maternal Religiosity, Adolescent Social Bonding, and Adolescent Alcohol Use
Authors: Foshee Vangie A. , Hollinger Bryan R.
Published: March 2007

This study tested two hypotheses: (a) that maternal religiosity would predict adolescent alcohol use and (b) that the relation between maternal religiosity and adolescent alcohol use would be mediated by the three Hirschi control theory elements (attachment, belief in conventional rules, and commitment to conventional activities). Panel data were used from a probability sample of 1,553 adolescents who were 12 through 14 years of age. Maternal religiosity was predictive negatively of alcohol use by adolescents. Maternal religious attendance was more predictive than was maternal religious importance. The association between maternal religiosity and adolescent alcohol use was not explained by race, gender, or age of the adolescent; maternal education, maternal religious denomination, or maternal cigarette smoking status; family structure; or the number of friends who smoke cigarettes; or by the elements of the Hirschi control theory. It appears that maternal religiosity had an effect on adolescent alcohol use through mechanisms other than those tested in the study.
Finding Common Ground
Authors: Resnicow Ken , Kirby Jan
Published: March 2007

In recent years, some federal agencies thatfund demonstration research have required increasingly greater rigor with regard to study design and evaluation. The lines between research and demonstration programs have become blurred. Although a shift to a more research-orientedparadigm has considerable merit, it also should be acknowledged that many aspects of demonstration programs pose challengesfor evaluators. Aflndamental question is whether the program drives evaluation or the evaluation drives the program Other relevant issues include lack of clarity regarding the relation between program and evaluation, professional gaps between research and program staff lack of perceived benefitfor evaluation on the part of staff and clients, and communitydistrustofevaluators and research. Potential solutions offered include improving communication and trust between program staff, research personnel, and clients; enabling program staff to use evaluation data as a clinical tool; and increasing the number of positive indicators assessed.
Psychological Variables Associated with the Household Work of Girls and Boys in Early Adolescence
Authors: Russell Alan , Brewer Neil , Hogben Nina
Published: March 2007

Examined in this study were a number of psychological variables associated with the self-reported performance of household work in a sample of White Australian boys and girls in early adolescence. The research was informed by a gendered view of household work. It was hypothesized that individual differences for girls', more than for boys', performance of household work would be related to a number of intraindividual and interindividual psychological variables. Aspects of the results supported that prediction. For example, individual differences in the amount of household work performed by girls, but not by boys, correlated with feelings of competence in the work, motivation to perform the work, and reports of parenting style. The results were consistent partly with claims about gender differences in the meaning of household work and factors contributing to the performance of household work and showed that those differences might have emerged at least by early adolescence.
Self-Esteem Stability and Early Adolescent Adjustment An Exploratory Study
Authors: Tevendale Heather D. , DuBois David L. , Lopez Cristy , Prindiville Shannon L.
Published: March 2007

The relation of self-esteem stability to early adolescent adjustment was investigated among 53 eighth- and ninth-grade junior high school students. Youth reported domain specific self-evaluations and global feelings of self-worth on 9 separate days over a 3-week period. Measures of adjustment assessed symptoms of depression and aggressive behavior Instability in self-evaluations of peer relationships and physical appearance predicted greater depression independent of ratings of trait-oriented self-evaluations and daily hassles for those same domains. Relatively less stable evaluations of physical appearance also were associated significantly with reports of aggressive behavior, although not when controlling for trait-oriented self-evaluations and daily hassles. Further findings indicated interactions between self-esteem stability and corresponding aspects of trait self-esteem and daily hassles in the prediction of adjustment measures. The need for a complex, multifaceted conceptualization of self-esteem during early adolescence is discussed.
Gender-Related Ideals of Puerto Rican Adolescents
Authors: Gibbons Judith L. , Brusi-Figueroa Rima , Fisher Sherri L.
Published: March 2007

Young adolescents (N = 417; 12 through 16 years of age) attending public or private schools in Puerto Rico rated 40 characteristics of the ideal man or ideal woman and also drew the ideal person engaged in an activity. Principal component analysis revealed two conceptually coherent components. Girls, more than boys, endorsed the qualities loading on the first component, labeled Sociable Personality. Boys amending private schools who rated the ideal man perceived Sociable Personality to be less important than did other groups. Physically Attractive was rated as more important for the opposite-gender ideal than for the same-gender ideal. These findings revealed that the values of interpersonal respect and integrity, previously identified as traditional values in Puerto Rico, were present in adolescents' perceptions of the ideal person. The results also indicated that girls and boys may respond differently to conditions of cultural change and school context.
A Longitudinal Exploration of the Cross-Contextual Stability of Social Withdrawal in Early Adolescence
Authors: Schneider Barry H. , Younger Alastair J. , Smith Tim , Freeman Paul
Published: March 2007

The purpose for the present study was to determine the stability across time and social setting of the social withdrawal of early adolescents. Nominations by school peers for social withdrawal were stable across a 3-year period. Daily activity logs completed by parents indicated considerable stability for participation in large-group activities with peers in the community, but not for activities involving smaller groups of peers. Participants nominated as socially withdrawn by their schoolmates were involved less extensively in activities with peers in home and community environments than were other participants. Participants from families of higher socioeconomic status (SES) participated more frequently in home and community social activities with peers than did participants from lower SES homes, especially in large-group activities. These results indicated that social withdrawal during early adolescence is consistent across settings and stable over time, especially for the subgroup of early adolescents who are the most withdrawn socially.
The IEM Movie Box Office Market: Integrating Marketing and Finance Using Electronic Markets
Authors: Gruca Thomas S.
Published: March 2007

The Iowa Electronic Markets Movie Box Office Market forecasting and trading exercise is an important new form of Internet-based experiential learning. In this experience, students proceed beyond problem analysis to decision making in a situation in which their actions have real-dollar implications. From the exercise, students develop important marketing, finance, and technology skills. Instructors benefit from having a unifying activity to illustrate interesting aspects of new product development, pricing, and decision-making biases.
Introducing Marketing Students to Business Intelligence Using Project-Based Learning on the World Wide Web
Authors: Siegel Carolyn F.
Published: March 2007

Ethical, legal business intelligence activities have been practiced for years by domestic and international companies and organizations. Marketing professionals frequently are involved in collecting information, analyzing it, and transforming it into actionable intelligence that can be used in decision making and problem solving. Undergraduate students may be prone to confuse such activities with illegal, unethical economic espionage. Project-based learning activities on the Internet’s World Wide Web can be used to emphasize the importance of intelligence to marketing decisions, introduce students to intelligence processes and content issues, and differentiate legitimate activities from those that are not.
A Professional School Approach to Marketing Education
Authors: Schibrowsky John A. , Peltier James W. , Boyt Thomas E.
Published: March 2007

With many business schools paying lip service to the concept of professional training, this article attempts to provide some direction for moving from an academic or liberal-arts-oriented marketing department to a professional marketing program. The transformation to a professional school perspective can be facilitated by marketing programs examining other professional schools to identify how these programs differ from their current programs. A professional school approach to marketing education meets the needs of both students and employers while providing the department with a comparative advantage as the business education environment becomes more competitive and challenging.
Comparing Texts and Faculty/Practitioner Priorities for MBA Marketing Research Course Content
Authors: Anderson Patricia M.
Published: March 2007

A mail survey revealed general agreement and some differences in faculty and practitioner priorities for including specific data collection and analysis techniques in an MBA marketing research course. Texts give varying emphases to these techniques. Results from this analysis of texts and priorities have implications for curriculum planning and course content.
Segmentation Strategies in Intro Marketing
Authors: Dwyer F. Robert
Published: March 2007

Marketing's declining share of all business degrees is a significant problem requiring the immediate attention of marketing educators. More effective recruiting of top quality marketing majors demands a greater understanding of the interests of students in the principles course. This study examines student importance ratings for various subject areas in the principles course and identifies diverse student segments.
The Use of Computer-Based Marketing Cases in Introductory and Advanced Marketing Management Courses
Authors: Mentzer John T. , Cox James E. , Meadow H. Lee
Published: March 2007

Use of marketing cases with an accompanying computer analysis package is becoming more prevalent in marketing courses. Many advantages and teaching pitfalls accrue to the use of such cases. This article discusses these advantages and pitfalls and presents the results of a study of student reactions to one such case in introductory and advanced marketing courses.
Developing Marketing Skills in the Beginning Marketing Student
Authors: Nastas George
Published: March 2007

This article reports the use of a two-phase approach to developing marketing skills in the beginning marketing student. Phase one consists of a student team analysis of an existing company's marketing strategy, while phase two requires the individual student to develop an original marketing strategy. These two phases, which dovetail nicely, provide the student with the opportunity to use marketing concepts. As a result, the student may gain a greater understanding of marketing theory while developing some practical application skills.
Bolter Turbines, Inc. Negotiation Simulation
Authors: Graham John L.
Published: March 2007

Principles of effective negotiation and negotiation skills are seldom part of the curriculum in business schools. This article describes a business negotiation simulation involving the purchase of capital equipment. The exercise includes three buyer and three seller roles and bargaining over several issues-pricing, product and service options, and terms and conditions. The simulation provides an excellent context for experiential learning and practical discussion of business negotiations.
Price, Perceived Quality and the Slope of Demand Curves
Authors: Liebermann Yehoshua
Published: March 2007

Marketing students who observe positive relationships between price and perceived quality often refer to this finding as reflecting a "reverse" demand function, which is depicted by an upward sloping demand curve. A closer examination of the relation of perceived quality to price reveals that the concept of "reverse" demand functions is quite questionable.
Applied Principles of Economics in Marketing Education: A Case Study
Authors: Kerr William A. , Oana Michael A.
Published: March 2007

This study discusses the role of economics principles at one input into the decision-making process of students when establishing marketing strategies. A case study is outlined and the performance of the students evaluated. The need and appropriate circumstances for increased cooperation between marketing and economics instructors is outlined.
Class Size Impact Upon Student Learning and Attitudes in the Introductory Marketing Course
Authors: Guseman Dennis
Published: March 2007

This article reports the results of a study which measured the impact of class size upon student learning and attitudes. Comparisons were made between a large and small introductory marketing class in terms of the amount of cognitive learning and attitude change produced. No difference was found between the large class and small class in terms of low-level and high-level cognitive learning, but the amount of attitude change differed significantly. The smaller section had more favorable attitudes towards marketing and produced a higher percentage of declared marketing majors. The results of the study indicate that special attention needs to be given to the decision of class size in the introductory marketing class, particularly with regard to increasing the number of marketing majors.
The Diffusion of Personal Computers among Business School Faculty: A Longitudinal Study of Attitudes, Expectations and Uses
Authors: McKinnon Gary F. , Smith Scott M. , Smith Milton E.
Published: March 2007

Perhaps the "hottest" topic in education today is the introduction and development of the personal computer in the classroom. It is apparent that the integration of the computer in the classroom is contingent upon faculty adoption. This article presents the findings of a two-stage longitudinal study of faculty attitudes, expectations, and involvement during the process of adopting personal computers. Phase One of the study takes place before the majority of the faculty had access to personal computers. Phase Two measures changes after the faculty had use of their own personal computer for about four months.
Bringing Reality to the Introductory Marketing Student
Authors: Henke John W.
Published: March 2007

Introductory marketing students can certainly learn the fundamental marketing concepts and principles in the classroom. However, if students are to appreciate fully the complexities and the importance of marketing decision-making they should experience marketing in the business world. This article describes a project which has been used for the past four years to accomplish this end.
Attitudinal Differences between Graduate and Undergraduate Students in Introductory Marketing Classes
Authors: Jacobs Laurence , Worthley Reginald
Published: March 2007

Forty-four statements about marketing were evaluated on a five-point Likert-type scale by MBA and undergraduate students taking introductory level marketing classes. Undergraduates tended to idealize marketing on ethical issues while both graduates and the undergraduates seemed to exhibit very positive attitudes toward marketing as a business force.
Student Evaluations of Faculty: A Longitudinal Study from One Department in a Business School
Authors: Wheeler Gloria E. , Geurts Michael D.
Published: March 2007

Student evaluations of professors' teaching effectiveness are in common use in universities. In many instances these evaluations are employed to evaluate faculty members for tenure and promotion decisions. The study showed that for one department in one university, student ratings of professors over a period of five years did not effectively distinguish among professors in the department.
Increasing Student Involvement in the Learning Process through Debate on Controversial Topics
Authors: Berdine Rudy
Published: March 2007

Student debates on controversial marketing topics can be used to increase student involvement in the learning process. The debate process can have a significant effect on students' attitudes, and students benefit in a number of ways from such debates.
Demonstrating the Managerial Benefits of Conjoint Analysis: An In-Class Exercise for Marketing Students
Authors: Burton Scot , Zinkhan George M.
Published: March 2007

An exercise is described which helps students understand the benefits of conjoint analysis. The exercise may be used with undergraduate students who have little or no statistical background or may be adapted for students with a basic understanding of ANO VA and/or regression techniques. The exercise has proven effective in communicating the variety of benefits available from the results of a conjoint study and the principal ideas underlying the calculation of conjoint results.
Evaluation of Marketing Professors: A Comparison of Student, Peer, and Self-Evaluations
Authors: Webster Cynthia
Published: March 2007

This study sought to determine whether any differences existed between student, peer, and self-evaluations of marketing professors. Significant differences were found for a variety of important characteristics of teacher effectiveness. Most of these differences remained even after perception of course difficulty and class size effects were removed.
Use of a High Involvement Instructional Method to Enhance Students' Learning of Distribution Concepts
Authors: Stock James R. , Hughes Marie Adele , Wahl Lisa Portwood
Published: March 2007

An innovative instructional method using high student involvement was employed to improve the teaching of distribution concepts. Student groups conceptualized and developed a videotape case study examining components of a firm's distribution activities. Students were better able to learn distribution concepts with a videotape project than with a more traditional written report.
International Students: An Underutilized Resource in Internationalizing Marketing Education
Authors: Schoell William F.
Published: March 2007

Administrators of colleges of business administration in the United States are being urged to "internationalize" their faculty, curricula, and students. This article focuses on a resource that can assist in the process—international students. It is suggested that they can help in internationalizing faculties, curricula, and U.S. students.
Marketing Student Perceptions of Learning Activities: Structure, Preferences and Effectiveness
Authors: Karns Gary L.
Published: March 2007

Perceptions of 12 commonly used learning activities from 122 undergraduate students at five universities are analyzed with multidimensional scaling. Preferences and perceived effectiveness were also measured. Personal stimulation, required effort, and connection to the "real world" are the main dimensions of the students' perceptual space. Activities that provide realism and stimulation, yet require reasonable effort, are preferred and perceived as effective.
Success and Failure in Public Sector Consulting: The Consuming Slide
Authors: Kress Guenther G. , Springer J. Fred
Published: March 2007

The responsibility for improved public sector utilization of research and recommendations by outside consultants has traditionally been placed squarely on consultants themselves. Case analyses of three consulting episodes in state government supports an alternative perspective: responsibility for improving utilization of consulting services must lie equally with contracting agencies—the consuming side. Fragmented and shifting managerial attention is identified as a major constraint on effective service utilization, and several factors contributing to unstable attention by decision makers are discussed. The authors begin to distinguish constraints on decision makers' attention that are positive and should be encouraged; those that are negative and should be discouraged; and those that are fortuitous and must be tolerated.
Citizen Advisory Boards: Autonomy and Effectiveness
Authors: Houghton David G.
Published: March 2007

The research question addressed in this paper is whether the amount of independence or autonomy that citizen advisory boards develop has an impact on their effectiveness. The independence of boards is measured in regard to board relations with administrators. In this paper, nine citizen advisory boards in Kalamazoo, Michigan are rated for effectiveness. Many individuals are cynical about the role of citizen advisory boards, since they do not have formal powers. However, this research suggests that boards can have an impact on policy if their members engage in certain activities designed to enhance their independence from administrators.
Public Administration Education and the Status of Women
Authors: Ahn Kenneth K. , Saint-Germain Michelle A.
Published: March 2007

Both the number and the proportion of women in the paid labor force have increased substantially over the past twenty-five years. There has also been much activity on the part of both government and women's organizations to upgrade the status of women. Yet there appears to be little change in the number of women in upper level management positions in municipal, state or federal government. This paper identifies two very interesting trends that have appeared which may have an impact on this situation. The first is the increasing favorableness with which college women look upon careers in the public sector. The second is the increase in the proportion of public administration college degrees awarded to women. The final part of the paper discusses the implications of these trends for public administration curricula and the status of women in public organizations.
The Public Administrator: God? Or Entrepreneur? Or are they the Same in the Public Service
Authors: Dobell A. R.
Published: March 2007

}This paper distinguishes entrepreneurial behaviour in the public service (innovative activity where the risks and benefits are essentially personal or informed consent can reasonably be presumed) from decisions involving risks to others, usually anonymous and beyond consultation. It argues that decisions by public officials are more often of the latter type, imposing risks on others. This leads to a requirement for guidelines based first on rights and fundamental principles, then on a calculated risk-benefit analysis, and finally on a lively sense of personal responsibility. In the end, only leadership can instill a shared sense of organizational and personal values that assure the responsible exercise of administrative discretion in making risky collective decisions.