bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Η ανάπτυξη και η εξέλιξη του βιολογικού πολέμου από την αρχαιότητα έως τον 20ο αιώνα σύμφωνα με την ιατρική επιστήμη και οι επιπτώσεις του στον κλάδο της ιατρικής
Authors: Νικολακάκης Ιωάννης
Published: September 2024

Η ιστορία του βιολογικού πολέμου είναι ένα πραγματικά σημαντικό σκέλος της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας. Μέσω της μελέτης αυτού καταδεικνύεται η ανθρώπινη ευφυΐα και εφευρετικότητα, η εξερεύνηση ηθικών ορίων του ανθρώπου αλλά και η εκ των πραγμάτων εξέλιξη ιατρικής επιστήμης της βιολογίας. Κατά την αρχαιότητα, ως φαίνεται, η χρήση βιοόπλων ήταν καταδικαστέα, δεδομένου ότι σε μυθολογικές αφηγήσεις ο κάθε εμπλεκόμενος με βιολογικά όπλα είχε συνήθως μία δύσκολη ζωή ή/και ένα κακό τέλος. Επίσης, αποτελεί τεκμήριο ότι σχεδόν παγκοσμίως και ανεξαρτήτως απόστασης η χρήση δηλητηρίων για πόλεμο ήταν ηθικά μεμπτή. Κατά τους ρωμαϊκούς χρόνους, λόγω φαρμακογνωσίας και επιστημονικής προόδου, ο βιολογικός πόλεμος εξελίχθηκε σε σχέση με το παρελθόν. Οι προαιώνιες αυτές τακτικές όπως η ρίψη μελισσιών και η προσπάθεια πρόκλησης ελονοσίας στον αντίπαλο, θα συνοδεύουν τους στρατούς έως τις σύγχρονες εποχές. Εν παραλλήλω η ιατρική είχε μία αμφίδρομη σχέση με την εξέλιξη των βιοόπλων καθώς τα βιοόπλα την οδηγούσαν σε εξέλιξη αλλά και η εξελίξεις της ιατρικής δημιουργούσαν νέα βιοόπλα. Οι διεθνείς συνθήκες που ρυθμίζουν την ανάπτυξη βιολογικών όπλων έχουν πολύ μικρή πραγματική ισχύ ως διαφάνηκε από την ανάλυσή τους και δεν περιορίζουν ουσιαστικά την ανάπτυξη βιολογικών όπλων. Έτσι, υφίσταται ανάγκη για την συγκρότηση ενός αυστηροποιημένου ελέγχου σε ζητήματα βιολογικών όπλων.
Impact of recent protein structure prediction methods on homology, evolutionary and functional inference
Authors: Μπαλτζής Αθανάσιος
Published: September 2024

Οι πρόσφατες εξελίξεις στις τεχνικές deep learning έχουν φέρει επανάσταση στη μοντελοποίηση της δομής των πρωτεϊνών. Αρχής γενομένης από την κυκλοφορία του AlphaFold2, έχει πλέον γίνει διαθέσιμο ένα σύνολο εργαλείων για την πρόβλεψη δομών που μοιάζουν με εγγενείς με σχεδόν πειραματική ακρίβεια για ένα μεγάλο μέρος του πρωτεώματος. Αυτή η τεράστια ποσότητα δομικών δεδομένων τροφοδοτεί τώρα κάθε είδους βιολογικό προσδιορισμό που απαιτεί δομικές πληροφορίες. Η εργασία που παρουσιάζεται εδώ περιλαμβάνει μια εξερεύνηση του αντίκτυπου των πειραματικών και προβλεπόμενων δομικών πληροφοριών πρωτεΐνης στην ομολογία, την εξελικτική και λειτουργική εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων. Το πρώτο μέρος πραγματεύεται το ζήτημα του ακριβούς υπολογισμού της ευθυγράμμισης πολλαπλών αλληλουχιών (MSA) μέσω μιας νέας αλγοριθμικής προσέγγισης μεγάλης κλίμακας και της συστηματικής χρήσης προβλεπόμενων δομικών πληροφοριών. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, διερεύνησα τη συμβολή των MSA και των δομικών πληροφοριών για τη βελτίωση του φυλογενετικού και λειτουργικού προσδιορισμού. Εκτός από την ανάπτυξη γενικών μεθόδων αναδόμησης φυλογένεσης με βάση την πρωτεϊνική δομή, χρησιμοποίησα την πρωτεΐνη RBM10, έναν καλά χαρακτηρισμένο παράγοντα ματίσματος, ως ένα ενδεικτικό παράδειγμα για τη χρησιμότητα των δομικών πληροφοριών προερχόμενων από μοντελοποίηση για την υποστήριξη της εξαγωγής λειτουργικών και φαινοτυπικών προβλέψεων, ειδικά στην περίπτωση παθογόνων μεταλλάξεων. Το τελευταίο μέρος αυτής της διατριβής παρουσιάζει ένα πρόγραμμα βιοπληροφορικής βέλτιστων πρακτικών, nf-core/proteinfold, που υλοποιείται χρησιμοποιώντας το σύστημα διαχείρισης ροής εργασιών Nextflow και ακολουθώντας τις οδηγίες nf-core. Αυτό το πρόγραμμα αναπτύχθηκε ως υποστήριξη για τα υπόλοιπα έργα αυτής της διατριβής προκειμένου να δώσει λύση στην ανάγκη πρόβλεψης πρωτεϊνικών δομών υψηλής απόδοσης.
Factors influencing the success of local craft tourism businesses
Authors: Tichaawa Tembi , Chamboko-Mpotaringa Mavis
Published: September 2024

This study examined the factors influencing the success of local craft businesses in sub-Saharan Africa, using Cameroon as a case study. By way of multiple sampling techniques, the study adopted a concurrent embedded mixed-methods research design to collect data from locals (385), tourists (200), and craft vendors (20). Key findings reveal that economic variables, locals’ perceptions of the impacts of tourism and tourists’ preferences influence the success of craft businesses. Statistically significant relationships were found between craft preference attributes such as pricing, cultural significance, and authenticity. The intersection of the stakeholders’ perceptions provides valuable information for policymakers, local authorities, and tourism stakeholders to develop dynamic strategies that maximise the positive impacts of tourism development and craft businesses’ success.
Call Me Maybe: Does Customer Feedback Seeking Impact Nonsolicited Customers?
Authors: Kaul Rupali , Anderson Stephen J. , Chintagunta Pradeep K. , Vilcassim Naufel
Published: September 2024

When small business owners in Rwanda start seeking feedback from some of their customers, we find that customers from whom feedback is not sought also respond to changes made by the businesses by increasing their sales at these stores.
Skilled birth attendants' experiences of continuity for effective care coordination in Kenya: an interpretive phenomenology
Authors: Wainaina Grace Muira , Doreen Kaura , Jordan Portia
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims

Skilled birth attendants are vital in implementing and supporting maternal and neonatal care. Continuity of care enables coordination through the segments of the maternal and neonatal health continuum, from preconception to postpartum care. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of skilled birth attendants in relation to providing continuity of care and effective coordination through the segments of the maternal and neonatal health continuum in Kenya.

Methods

An interpretive phenomenological approach was used in conducting 11 interviews with skilled birth attendants from four selected counties of Kenya using semi-structured guides. Interviews were carried out between June 2021 and January 2023. Participants were asked about their experiences of providing care during preconception, pregnancy, labour, birth and postpartum, as well as their perceptions of the health system in relation to providing continuity of care. Data were analysed using the van Manen approach.

Results

The themes were decisions during preconception care, enabling the antenatal journey, transitioning from pregnancy to birth and creating an enabled environment.

Conclusions

Skilled birth attendants highlighted the need for an enabled environment to provide appropriate care, emphasising the lack of understanding of the content in preconception care and lack of an appropriate site at the health facility to provide preconception care. Skilled birth attendants need an enabling environment in order to support women in each segment of the maternal and neonatal continuum and during transitions between segments.

Implications for practice

Skilled birth attendants' experiences should be considered when developing and reviewing guidelines for care across the maternal and neonatal health continuum. Skilled birth attendants need training and education on continuity and coordination of care.
New compact micro-hole zone catheter enables women to achieve effective bladder emptying without flow-stops
Authors: Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Hashim Hashim , Forman Christian Riis , Jacobsen Lotte , Sperup Trine , Andersen Karin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) with conventional eyelet catheters (CECs) is associated with urine flow-stops, which require the catheter to be repositioned so flow can resume. Flow-stops often occur because bladder mucosa is sucked into the eyelets.

Aims:

This investigation aimed to compare the bladder-emptying performance of the micro-hole zone catheter (MHZC) with the CEC.

Methods:

This was a multi-centre, randomised, open-label, controlled cross-over study with 82 women comparing the MHZC to the CEC. The endpoints relating to bladder-emptying performance included the residual volume at first flow-stop, the number of flow-stops and the proportion of successful treatment responses. The women's perception of the catheters was assessed as well as device discomfort.

Findings:

Catheterisations with MHZC significantly reduced the risk of flow-stops, with relative risk results showing a 2.74 times lower risk of flow-stops with a health professional-led catheterisation and a 2.52 times lower risk during self-catheterisation. There was no statistical difference in residual urine volume at first flow-stop between the two catheters. Catheterisations with the MHZC were significantly more likely to achieve zero flow-stops and a residual urine volume of <10 ml at first flow-stop. The women had a significantly more positive perception of the MHZC than the CEC in areas including handling, confidence, sensation and satisfaction.

Conclusion:

The MHZC enabled effective bladder emptying without catheters needing to be repositioned, supporting the women by simplifying the procedure and making them feel confident that their bladders were empty.
The gap between expectations and reality in advance care planning in long-term care settings
Authors: Tam Kuai In , Che Sok Leng , Leong Sok Man , Lau Wing Sze
Published: September 2024

Background:

Advance care planning (ACP) is an integral part of good quality end-of-life care. This study aimed to explore the role and practice of ACP among health and social care professionals (HSCPs) in a community long-term care facility.

Methods:

This was a mixed-methods study. The study purposefully sampled 12 HSCPs from one community long-term care facility in Macao, China. All data were collected in November 2022.

Results:

Some participants had discussed with terminally ill residents or with families in terms of end-of-life care preferences, the average correct rate of ACP knowledge was 67.4%. Interview data showed that HSCPs were primarily concerned with information-giving. The responsibility of decision-making was found to have been placed predominantly on family members of the residents.

Conclusion:

Study findings raised awareness in that the execution of ACP has remained in discord with the expectations in practicing ACP. The study illuminated that the perceived sense of responsibility among HSCPs was influenced by the potential legal risks involved and consequentially impacted on the adherence to individual's decisions.
Consumer Willingness-to-Pay a Price Premium for Eco-Friendly Children's Furniture in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wan Minli , Zhang Yijing , Ye Weihua
Published: September 2024

The sustained and rapid growth of China's economy has led to the improvement of Chinese living standards. This, in turn, has led to the adoption of the lifestyles of health and sustainability (LOHAS) by many Chinese middle-class consumers. In pursuit of a higher quality of life, these consumers have shown a growing interest in eco-friendly products, including eco-friendly children's furniture. Using a structured questionnaire distributed to a sample of 320 consumers in two Chinese metropolitan cities (Shanghai and Shenzhen) in 2013, this study examined consumer stated willingness-to-pay (WTP) a price premium for eco-friendly children's furniture. Results indicate that 98 percent of respondents would be willing to pay a premium for such products. Of these respondents, 53 percent of them stated a WTP of no greater than 10 percent, while 45 percent of them stated a WTP of more than 10 percent. Results of an ordered probit model suggest significant correlations between respondent WTP and their marital status, education level, LOHAS orientation, and environmental perceptions. The findings of this study can serve as a useful reference for policy makers, furniture producers, and wood material suppliers that are currently planning to enter eco-friendly markets where price premiums might exist.
Modeling International Trade of Forest Products: Application of PPML to a Gravity Model of Trade
Authors: Larson Justin , Baker Justin , Latta Gregory , Ohrel Sara , Wade Christopher
Published: September 2024

To model international trade of forest products we use a gravity model of trade. In modeling trade, we estimate the impact of importer gross domestic product (GDP), exporter GDP, and distance between trading partners using Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML). When estimating the log-linearized gravity model (ordinary least squares [OLS]), two issues arise. First, potential bias associated with truncation of all zero-trade observations due to the nonexistence of the natural log of zero. Second, heteroscedasticity can bias results from the log-linearized gravity model because of the multiplicative error term of the stochastic gravity model. To address these two issues, we propose avoiding the log-linearized gravity model and instead estimate the nonlinear gravity model via PPML. To estimate the model, trade data are compiled from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The observation window is from 1997 to 2014 and covers 13 product categories at a country-pair level. In our estimation, we find systematic differences in estimates from OLS in comparison with estimates from PPML. Using the estimated elasticities, in combination with estimates of future GDP from shared socioeconomic pathways, we project future US exports to the year 2030 for each item category in addition to total exports for Brazilian wood pulp, New Zealand industrial roundwood, and Canadian coniferous sawnwood. Using our approach, we provide a tool for policy makers and industry leaders alike to make informed decisions over prior estimates of forest product trade.
Cost–Benefit Analysis of Medium-Density Fiberboard Production by Adding Fiber from Recycled Medium-Density Fiberboard
Authors: Adeeb Ehsan , Kim Tae Woo , Sohn Chang Hyun
Published: September 2024

Waste medium-density fiberboard (MDF) is mostly disposed of in landfills and left for incineration. The consequences of filling MDF waste to the landfill include undesirable associated costs and environmental problems caused by incineration. In this study, a prediction method is used for calculating the thermal energy required to recycle MDF fibers. The recycling method consists of a high-temperature treatment in a preheater at an operating temperature of 100°C, which melts the resin and separates the fibers. The cost reduction and energy savings of virgin wood material are calculated for MDF that has been manufactured by replacing 10 and 20 percent of the wood fiber with recycled fiber. Results show that the benefits of MDF production using 10 percent recycled fiber result in a 10 percent reduction in virgin wood material costs and an energy savings of 3.9 percent. Using 20 percent recycled fiber results in an estimated 20 percent reduction in the cost of virgin wood material and an energy savings of 7.8 percent for MDF production. The predicted amounts of thermal energy required to produce MDF are consistent with those of previous studies.
Modification of Wood Flour/Phenolic Resin Composites with Bamboo Pulp Residue
Authors: Hao Chengyi , Zhang Kaiqiang , Zhang Shuangbao , Song Wei
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of different proportions of bamboo pulp residue on the bending strength, the static bending strength, the water absorption rate, and the microstructure of wood flour/phenolic resin composites. The level of bamboo pulp residue ranged from 0 to 30 percent. According to the optimum technological parameters of the pretest, the resin content, the molding temperature, and the molding time were controlled within 51 to 54 percent, 152°C to 160°C, and 51 to 60 s/mm, respectively. Compared with the control group, there were remarkable improvements in the mechanical properties, indicating that the bending strength, the static bending strength, and the water absorption rate increased by 39, 31, and −6 percent, respectively. The greatest level of bamboo pulp residue was 20, 20, and 10 percent for the bending strength, the static bending strength, and the water absorption rate, respectively. All of the above proved that the wood flour/phenolic resin composites can be modified by adding bamboo pulp residue.
Characterization of Odorants in Particleboard Coated with Nitrocellulose Lacquer under Different Environment Conditions
Authors: Wang Qifan , Shen Jun , Du Jianhui , Cao Tianyu , Xiwei Shen
Published: September 2024

It is well known that the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors from wood-based panels is harmful to human health. The VOCs emitted from decorative wood-based panels have been investigated generally, but information is limited regarding the key odor compounds that people find most irritating. In this experiment, particleboard coated with nitrocellulose lacquer was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and olfactometry. Twenty odors were identified, which arose between 5 and 25 minutes. Most odorants from nitrocellulose lacquer–coated particleboard were aromatics, esters, and alcohols, whereas those from control (unvarnished) particleboard were aromatics, aldehydes, and esters. With an increasing ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor, the total VOCs concentration and the total value of odor intensity from nitrocellulose lacquer–coated particleboard declined. However, both increased as temperature and relative humidity rose. The fluctuation of total VOCs between different days tended to fluctuate more sharply when the temperature and relative humidity rose and when the ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor dropped. To accelerate the release of VOCs and odors and reduce their effects on humans, the optimum storing conditions for particleboard with a nitrocellulose lacquer after-production were 40°C, 60 percent relative humidity, and a 1.0-m3·h−1·m−2 ratio of air exchange rate to loading factor.
Performance of an Encapsulated Chloropicrin System for Remedial Treatment of Utility Poles
Authors: Konkler Matthew , Helsing Guy G. , Morrell Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2024

Chloropicrin remains one of the most effective fumigants for arresting internal decay in large timber structures, but it can be difficult to handle. The potential for encapsulating chloropicrin to improve application safety and control the release rate was investigated in Douglas-fir poles. A quick-release ampule resulted in chloropicrin levels that were similar to those found with a similar amount of liquid chloropicrin, whereas moderate- and slow-release ampules resulted in proportionally less chloropicrin in the wood over a 4-year period, but levels were still well above the protective threshold. The results suggest that encapsulated chloropicrin improved handling safety without reducing performance. Further monitoring is planned.
Challenges for radical social work in Hungary
Authors: Mihály Bulcsú
Published: September 2024

Social work is a very young profession in Hungary. Radical social work exists despite the fact that in the eyes of the current authoritarian ‘hybrid’ regime, the ‘Global definition of social work’ is also radical. Its ideas are primarily popular among young people and those who criticise the conceptual framework of aid, as defined by the governing party. In practice, non-governmental organisations, with their own approach, provide services.
Development of silicone-based phantoms for biomedical optics from 400 to 1550 nm
Authors: Wagner Markus , Fugger Oliver , Foschum Florian , Kienle Alwin
Published: September 2024

This work describes the development of silicone-based evaluation phantoms for biomedical optics in the wavelength range from 400 to 1550 nm. The absorption coefficient μa and the reduced scattering coefficient μs′ were determined using an integrating sphere setup. Zirconium dioxide pigments were used as scatterers and carbon black as absorbers. We developed an in-house manufacturing process using a Hauschild SpeedMixer to ensure reproducibility. A set of nine cubic phantoms with three different reduced scattering and absorption coefficients was produced. Prediction of the μa and μs′ was done by using the weighted mass concentrations of the used materials. The average prediction accuracy over all wavelengths and phantoms is 1.0% for the reduced scattering coefficient and 3.5% for the absorption coefficient.
2D sheets of MoSe2 for waveguide based second harmonic generation
Authors: Khazaee Sara , Peschel Ulf
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides show a strong second-order nonlinear response, which can only be exploited if the interaction between light and 2D material is maximized as it happens in waveguiding structures. Such an approach also allows the addition of a second order nonlinear response to linear integrated optics components by just placing a sheet of transition metal dichalcogenides material on top. Here, we analyze the second harmonic generation in MoSe2 sheets combined with silicon nitride ridge and thin-film waveguides for both modal phase matching and quasi-phase-matching. The calculated second harmonic generation efficiency is comparable with that in lithium niobate waveguides and can further be enhanced by increasing the number of MoSe2 layers on top of the waveguides. This also holds true for flux correlated photons generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion as we show by quantitative analysis.
Constraining models of dominance for nonsynonymous mutations in the human genome
Authors: Kyriazis Christopher C. , Lohmueller Kirk E.
Published: September 2024

Dominance is a fundamental parameter in genetics, determining the dynamics of natural selection on deleterious and beneficial mutations, the patterns of genetic variation in natural populations, and the severity of inbreeding depression in a population. Despite this importance, dominance parameters remain poorly known, particularly in humans or other non-model organisms. A key reason for this lack of information about dominance is that it is extremely challenging to disentangle the selection coefficient (s) of a mutation from its dominance coefficient (h). Here, we explore dominance and selection parameters in humans by fitting models to the site frequency spectrum (SFS) for nonsynonymous mutations. When assuming a single dominance coefficient for all nonsynonymous mutations, we find that numerous h values can fit the data, so long as h is greater than ~0.15. Moreover, we also observe that theoretically-predicted models with a negative relationship between h and s can also fit the data well, including models with h = 0.05 for strongly deleterious mutations. Finally, we use our estimated dominance and selection parameters to inform simulations revisiting the question of whether the out-of-Africa bottleneck has led to differences in genetic load between African and non-African human populations. These simulations suggest that the relative burden of genetic load in non-African populations depends on the dominance model assumed, with slight increases for more weakly recessive models and slight decreases shown for more strongly recessive models. Moreover, these results also demonstrate that models of partially recessive nonsynonymous mutations can explain the observed severity of inbreeding depression in humans, bridging the gap between molecular population genetics and direct measures of fitness in humans. Our work represents a comprehensive assessment of dominance and deleterious variation in humans, with implications for parameterizing models of deleterious variation in humans and other mammalian species.
Profiles of diphtheria cases in children in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, West Java
Authors: Iskandar Safira Atya , Setiabudi Djatnika , Tarigan Rodman , Alam Anggraini , Afriandi Irvan
Published: September 2024

Background Diphtheria cases continue to be reported in Indonesia, which has long been one of the countries with the highest number of diphtheria cases worldwide. One of Indonesia's province with the highest annual diphtheria cases is West Java. Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) is one of the tertiary referral hospitals in Bandung, West Java, that treats several diphtheria cases annually. No study focused on the clinical characteristics of diphtheria cases in children admitted to RSHS between 2017 and 2021 yet. Therefore, this study sought to analyze that.
Objective To find out the profiles of children < 18-year-old with diphtheria admitted in RSHS between 2017-2021.
Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study reviewed the medical records of diphtheria patients 0 to 18-year-old who were admitted to RSHS between year 2017 and 2021.
Results Out of 45 subjects, 76% were males. The median of age  was eight years old, ranging from 2 to 17 years. Most patients lived in urban areas and had normal anthropometry status, although some showed abnormal findings. The data showed that 44% had more than 3 days of onset until admission to the hospital, and the median length of stay was 9 days. The clinical characteristics showed that 91% of patients had pseudomembrane, also present with cough, common cold, hoarseness, stridor, and bull’s neck. As many as 44% of patients did not have complete basic immunization status. Complications found were airway obstructions, myocarditis, and sepsis, and 2 deaths were reported.
Conclusion Pseudomembrane was found in the majority of patients. Most patients were over five years  of age, and  almost half number of the patients did not have complete basic immunization status, indicating the need for improved immunization and booster coverage.
Childhood borderline lepromatous leprosy
Authors: Susanto Martin , Hutahaean Grace Dumamawarni , Napitupulu Tiopan , Siahaan Andre Marolop Pangihutan
Published: September 2024

Leprosy (Morbus Hansen) is a chronic, severe infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium leprae that mostly affects the skin, mucosa, eyes, and nerves. Despite the availability of effective treatment, leprosy has become a major public health problem in many developing countries.
Effect of Response to Stock Price Changes on the Persistence of Reputation-Based Herding
Authors: Zheng Hao
Published: September 2024

The existence and extent of herding behavior in the financial market is an important topic to analyze, since herding impedes efficiency in the operation of the financial system, and more importantly, increases the risk of financial crisis. This paper discusses one type of herding behavior, namely reputation-based herding. Based on the model developed by previous researchers who focused on asset market in which price is fixed, I adapted the model to simulate the behavior of fund managers in stock market to capture the impact of price responses on the persistence of herding. This paper takes a purely theoretical approach. By building a model in Python to track the behavior of investors, I found that the increase in stock price followed by the bids of previous investors dampens herding behavior, although the extent of this dampening impact depends on several features of the stock market in consideration.
Attachment Styles and Quality of Life among Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Coskun Ayse , Tosun Sumeyra , Luo Jiajun , Zhang Yawei , Emre Sukru , Zimbrean Paula
Published: September 2024

Objective: Attachment styles have been reported to play an important role in patient-physician relationships and quality of life (QoL) among patients with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, or chronic pain. However, data about the association between attachment styles and QoL among transplant recipients are scarce. In this study, we explored the relationship between transplant patients’ attachment styles and their QoL and psychological well-being post-transplantation. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 liver transplant recipients to assess attachment styles, anxiety, depression, and QoL using validated instruments. We examined the differences among the 4 types of relationship styles – secure, dismissive, preoccupied, and fearful, and their association with demographic, medical, and psychological factors. We conducted additional analyses to determine if attachment style predicted QoL scores. Results: Our results indicated that specific attachment styles are correlated with the presence of depression, anxiety, and QoL of life features in liver transplant recipients. Conclusion: We concluded that understanding the transplant candidates’ attachment styles may be useful in identifying patients who might be at risk for experiencing depression or anxiety after liver transplantation.
Cesta švédského přírodovědce Carla Adolpha Agardha do Čech a do střední Evropy v roce 1827 ve světle jeho alba amicorum
Authors: Kostlán Antonín
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the Swedish botanist and algologist Carl Adolph Agardh (1785–1859), professor at the University in Lund (1812–1835) and bishop in Karlstad (from 1835). The author outlines the development of his scientific interests and analyses his scientific connections with the Czech Lands, with special attention paid to the album amicorum which Agardh kept in 1810–1829. Based on this album and other sources, the study reconstructs Agardh’s expedition to Central Europe and northern Italy undertaken in the spring and summer of 1827. Detailed attention is paid to his stay in the Bohemia (Prague and Carlsbad) and to Bohemical entries added to his album during the journey.
Nestor české medicíny. Profesor Bohumil Eiselt mezi univerzitou, lékařskou vědou a emancipačními snahami Čechů v habsburské monarchii
Authors: Boukal Jan
Published: September 2024

This article deals with the life and work of Bohumil Eiselt (1831–1908), a physician and university professor. In contrast to earlier biographies of Eiselt, which drew mainly on his own memoirs, this text focuses on Eiselt’s role in the late stage of the Czech national revival on both the national and local level. Included in this contribution are also some often-neglected aspects of his life, which nevertheless helped form his personality, especially his daily life and his family.
„Nauka o lyofilizovaných jahodách“ aneb Náčrt historie Katedry vysoké frekvence a vakuové techniky (1953–1959) a Katedry elektroniky a vakuové fyziky (1959–1989) Matematicko-fyzikální fakulty Univerzity Karlovy
Authors: Brčák Marek
Published: September 2024

This study deals with the history of the Department of Surface and Plasma Science of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, which in the academic year 2023/2024 celebrates 70 years since its founda¬tion. In the course of its existence, its name changed twice. Originally, it was founded in 1953 as the Department of High Frequencies and Vacuum Technology. In 1959, its name changed to the Department of Electronics and Vacuum Physics, and since 2006, it has its current name. This text focuses especially on this department’s history during the rule of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, i.e., in 1953–1989.
Příspěvek k dějinám budov Univerzity Karlovy: Stavba budovy Matematicko-fyzikální fakulty UK a koleje a menzy 17. listopadu v Praze 8 – Troji
Authors: Továrek Michal
Published: September 2024

This contribution outlines the state of university buildings, especially buildings of the Charles University, after the Second World War. It focuses especially on the situation of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University and describes plans to build its facilities in the area of Pelc-Tyrolka. The author commemorates the foundation of Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics of the Charles University in 1955: this faculty was in 1959 transferred the Czech Technical University. Also investigated are unsuccessful efforts to unite the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University and the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics of the Czech Technical University, which continued until 1967, and the planning and realisation of a building for the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics (1968–1978). The second part of the article deals with the situation of canteens and dormitories in mid-1970s and with the construction of a dormitory and canteen of 17 November in 1979–1988. Both building projects have moreover been assessed by architecture experts. In the last part of the article, the author presents a description of the current state of these buildings.
Rainer Christoph Schwinges, Das Leben des Kölner Magisters Gerhard von Wieringen (1451 bis nach 1501). Mit einer Edition seines Notiz- und Rechnungsbuches, RAG ‒ Forschungen 5, Zürich 2023
Authors: Šmahel František
Published: September 2024

Book review on Rainer Christoph Schwinges, Das Leben des Kölner Magisters Gerhard von Wieringen (1451 bis nach 1501). Mit einer Edition seines Notiz- und Rechnungsbuches Übersetzung aus dem Lateinischen von Helena Müller. Repertorium Academicum Gemanicum – Forschungen 5, vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH, Zürich 2023, 270 s., 14 obr., ISBN 978-3-7281-4162-0
Yield and quality of beetroot to soil test crop response (STCR) - integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) based fertilizer prescription in Ultisols of Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: R Arulmani  , K M Sellamuthu  , S Maragatham  , A Senthil  , S P Thamaraiselvi  , R Anandham  , P Malathi  , G Sridevi
Published: September 2024

Beetroot is one of the most important root vegetable crops and is consumed globally due to its rich nutrient content. The current research was conducted on a farmer’s holding, using beetroot (Improved crystal hybrid) in Nilgiri district, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu to study the effect of different N, P2O5, K2O and integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) dosages in yield attributes and quality parameters. Two field trials were conducted in farmer's land at Kadanad Village (110 48’ N Latitude, 760 72’ E Longitudes) during the winter of 2024 and in Emerald Village (110 31’ N Latitude, 760 63’ E Longitudes) during the summer of 2024. The experiment was designed using a RBD with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments were absolute control, blanket, blanket + FYM, STCR-NPK based fertiliser dose for an yield target of 35, 40 and 45 t ha-1, soil test crop response - integrated plant nutrient system (STCR-IPNS) based fertiliser dose for an yield target of 35, 40 and 45 t ha-1 and farmer’s practice. The treatment of 180 N+233 P2O5+116 K2O Kg ha-1 along with FYM @12.5 t ha-1 (T3) recorded the highest plant height (51.59 cm), more number of leaves per plant (24.05), leaf width (18.14 cm), higher total chlorophyll (47.28), root yield (44.21 t ha-1) and quality parameters as total sugar (8.95%), reducing sugar (2.08%), non-reducing sugar (6.87%), total soluble solids (12.80 0B) and ascorbic acid (3.62 mg 100 g-1). The treatment receiving inorganic NPK fertilizers along with FYM @12.5 t ha-1 (T3) recorded the highest beetroot of yield of 44.21 t ha-1 than the soil test based inorganic fertilizer application treatment (T6). Fertilizer prescription based on STCR-IPNS model found to be better choice to enhance yield and quality of beetroot.
Das ungarische Bibliothekssystem und die Veränderungen der Situation der Bibliothekare nach 1990
Authors: Monok István
Published: September 2024

Die Basis des ungarischen Bibliothekssystems wurde in der Zeit vor der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Wende um 1990 gelegt. In den 1990er-Jahren bildete dies die Grundlage für eine dynamische Ausweitung internationaler Kontakte, unterstützt durch die Offenheit Westeuropas. Die wirtschaftlichen Veränderungen und die gesellschaftlichen Umwälzungen in Ungarn werteten jedoch die Bibliotheken, die Bibliothekare und das in Büchern gespeicherte Wissen ab. Es entwickelte sich die Idee, dass die IT-Welt und ihre Unternehmen Bibliotheken ersetzen könnten. Sie bieten Dienste an, aber sie dienen ihnen nicht.

Die ungarischen Bibliotheken versuchen, die Möglichkeiten der Informationstechnologie zu nutzen, indem sie ihre eigenen kontrollierten Datenbestände valorisieren und eine neue soziale Rolle übernehmen. Ihr Erfolg wird jedoch durch den Abbau von Personal, unzureichende Budgets und internationale Isolierung beeinträchtigt.
External quality assessment-based tumor marker harmonization simulation; insights in achievable harmonization for CA 15-3 and CEA
Authors: Van Rossum Huub H. , Holdenrieder Stefan , Yun Yeo-Min , Patel Dina , Thelen Marc , Song Junghan , Unsworth Nick , Partridge Katherine , Moore Melanie , Cui Wei , Ramanathan Lakshmi , Meng Qing H. , Ballieux Bart E.P.B. , Sturgeon Catharine , Vesper Hubert
Published: September 2024

Objectives

CA 15-3 and CEA are tumor markers used in routine clinical care for breast cancer and colorectal cancer, among others. Current measurement procedures (MP) for these tumor markers are considered to be insufficiently harmonized. This study investigated the achievable harmonization for CA 15-3 and CEA by using an in silico simulation of external quality assessment (EQA) data from multiple EQA programs using patient-pool based samples.

Methods

CA 15-3 and CEA data from SKML (2021), UK NEQAS (2020–2021) and KEQAS (2020–2021) were used. A harmonization protocol was defined in which MPs that were considered equivalent were used to value assign EQA samples, and recalibration was only required if the MP had a bias of >5 % with value assigned EQA. Harmonization status was assessed by determining the mean level of agreement and residual variation by CV (%).

Results

Only MPs from Abbott, Beckman, Roche and Siemens were available in all EQA programs. For CA 15-3, recalibration was proposed for Beckman MP only and for CEA, recalibration was proposed for Siemens MP only. When the harmonization procedures were applied, for CA 15-3 the pre-harmonization mean bias range per MP was reduced from −29.28 to 9.86 %, into −0.09–0.12 % after harmonization. For CEA, the mean bias range per MP was reduced from −23.78 to 2.00 % pre-harmonization to −3.13–1.42 % post-harmonization.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that a significant improvement in the harmonization status of CA 15-3 and CEA may be achieved by recalibration of a limited number of MPs.
CFD-based investigation of NO
x
removal from industrial waste gas by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process using NH3
Authors: Bose Debanik , Ghanta Kartik C. , Hens Abhiram
Published: September 2024

The present study conducts a comparative analysis between selective catalytic reduction (SCR) using a Cu-zeolite catalyst and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) for the removal of NO
x
from industrial waste gas. The primary objective of this investigation is to computationally explore the removal of NO
x
using NH3 at various reactor conditions, along with the study of different hydrodynamic aspects. The study revealed the impact of different porosity of the catalyst (in SCR) and the number of baffles (in SNCR) on the reaction and fluid flow profile. Distinct geometries were employed to model each process, incorporating a turbulent model and kinetic parameters with an eddy-dissipation model (EDM) for simulations. Analyzing the effect of the NH3/NO ratio on NO conversion efficiency is a crucial component of the study. With diminishing efficiency at higher ratios, the SCR process demonstrated nearly complete NO conversion at a certain NH3/NO ratio, and this value changes with the inlet gas temperature. In contrast, SNCR produced less favorable conversion rates than SCR, indicating that the amount of NH3 supply affects conversion efficiency. At the SCR system’s optimum NH3/NO ratio, SNCR achieved an 83 % conversion, and the conversion rate remained relatively constant as the ratio was increased. The results highlight the various possibilities for optimization of the reactor systems in terms of efficiency and economic feasibility.
Creep–fatigue damage assessment in high-temperature piping system under bending and torsional moments using wireless MEMS-type gyro sensor
Authors: Arai Masayuki , Hamada Hiroyuki , Okuno Kazuma
Published: September 2024

Piping systems in thermal power plants are generally subjected to creep–fatigue loading caused by internal pressure, bending moment, and torsional moment in a high-temperature environment. These loadings cause Type IV cracks to form in the heat-affected zone in the weldment of the piping. In this study, we attempt to predict the creep–fatigue Type IV crack initiation life using a wireless micro-electromechanical system-type gyro sensor to understand the damage progress in plant components for the establishment of digital twin technology, which has recently attracted attention. The strategy for developing the system is as follows: i) remotely and sequentially import signals from a sensor attached to the actual component to a personal computer and ii) identify mechanical conditions such as bending and torsional moments in the piping component even in a high-temperature environment. This study first shows how to identify both moments in a piping system based on the rotation angles (deflection and torsion angles) measured using a gyro sensor. Next, a creep–fatigue life diagram is constructed based on the equivalent bending moment, which can combine the two independent parameters of bending and torsional moments into a single parameter. Finally, creep–fatigue tests were performed on a P91 steel piping weldment specimen using the high-temperature bending–torsional creep–fatigue testing machine developed by our group, and it was shown that the equivalent bending moment identified from the gyro sensor attached to the piping specimen can predict the Type IV creep–fatigue crack initiation life at the weldment.
The Role of Political Communication in Protest Mobilization
Authors: Schiffbeck Adrian , Basaraba Adrian
Published: September 2024

This article aims primarily to explain the manner in which political communication is able to influence the decision to start a protest under conditions of dictatorship. The role of mass media and several communication channels in an oppressed society is connected to the phenomenon of priming—or activation of latent mental representations by an external stimulating factor, for triggering certain attitudes or behaviors. Focus is set on the 1989 anti-communist revolution in Timişoara, Romania. The qualitative methods are based on analyzing data from 30 semi-structured interviews with former participants in the demonstrations. Results reveal that, in an illiberal society, alternative sources of information and emotional experiences, activated by an external stimulation and supported by social contagion, are significant factors for protest mobilization. Future research can take the military environment into account and investigate combatants’ reactions to adversaries in relation to political communication, contagion, and priming.
Numerical Study on Single and Multi-Element NACA 43018 Wing Airfoil with Leading-Edge Slat and Slotted Flap
Authors: Hariyadi Setyo , Juni Pitoyo Bambang , Pambudiyatno Nyaris , Sutardi  , Widodo Wawan Aries
Published: September 2024

An optimal wing configuration is crucial for achieving the best performance during various flight phases, including take-off, cruising, and landing. Such configurations also contribute to maximizing the aircraft's cruising range. This study compares the aerodynamic performance of NACA 43018 wings under different conditions: without high-lift devices, with a slotted flap, and with a combination of a leading-edge slat and slotted flap. Numerical simulations were conducted using the k-ɛ Realizable turbulence model at twelve different angles of attack, with a flow speed of 120 m/s. The results demonstrate that multiple-element wings significantly improve aerodynamic performance, particularly at low angles of attack, by reducing the induced drag coefficient and delaying flow separation.
A Review of Viscosity Measurement Techniques for Semi-Solid Metal Fluids in Thixoforming Processes
Authors: Megalingam A. , Ahmad A.H. , Alang N.A. , Muhammad N. , Muduli K.
Published: September 2024

This paper critically reviews two viscometry techniques: capillary viscometers and parallel plate compression (PPC) viscometers, which are used in the viscosity measurement of semi-solid metal (SSM) fluids for thixo routes. Capillary and PPC viscometers have emerged as valuable viscometers in the study of thixo routes of SSM, with insights into their unique flow behavior being explored. Thixoprocessing of SSM is particularly suitable for specific alloys, especially those with specific solidification properties such as eutectics. It is a method of thixoforming that uses a material's non-dendritic microstructure. The thixo method's viscosity measurement is challenging, requiring sample preparation, sophisticated equipment, precise temperature, and pressure control. Previous studies have lacked sufficient information on measurement methods, viscometers, and limitations to measuring viscosity for the thixo route of SSM. Hence, this study thoroughly examines the principles, advantages, limitations, and application areas of viscometry methods. Several factors influencing viscosity measurements, such as temperature, shear rate, and sample preparation, are discussed in detail. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance and accuracy of capillary viscometers and parallel plate compression viscometers. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of SSM's viscometry techniques and assist researchers and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate method for their specific applications in semi-solid metal processing and characterization.
Longitudinal changes of serum metabolomic profile after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obesity
Authors: Li Shuqi , Shi Chenye , Wu Haifu , Yan Hongmei , Xia Mingfeng , Jiao Heng , He Yang , Zhong Ming , Lou Wenhui , Gao Xin , Bian Hua , Chang Xinxia
Published: September 2024

Background

Bariatric surgery induces significant weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity, and improves dyslipidemia. As one of the most widely performed bariatric surgeries, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is thought to improve the metabolic profile along with weight loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in the serum metabolite levels after LSG and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic improvement.

Methods

Clinical metabolic parameters and serum samples were collected preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively from nine patients with obesity undergoing LSG. Serum metabolites were measured using a non-targeted metabolic liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method.

Results

During the 1, 3, and 6 months postoperative follow-up, the body mass index, HOMA-IR, and liver fat content showed a gradual descending trend. A total of 328 serum metabolites were detected, and 38 were differentially expressed. The up-regulated metabolites were mainly enriched in ketone body metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, and fructose and mannose degradation, while the down-regulated metabolites were closely related to caffeine metabolism, oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids, glutamate metabolism, and homocysteine degradation. Notably, nine metabolites (oxoglutarate, 2-ketobutyric acid, succinic acid semialdehyde, phthalic acid, pantetheine, eicosapentaenoate, 3-hydroxybutanoate, oxamic acid, and dihydroxyfumarate) showed persistent differential expression at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up. Some were found to be significantly associated with weight loss, insulin resistance improvement, and liver fat content reduction.

Conclusions

This finding may provide a new perspective for revealing novel biomarkers and mechanisms of metabolic improvement in obesity and related comorbidities.