bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Strategy of Monoclonal Antibody: Development, Cloning,
Formulation and Drug Delivery
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Rajaganapathy , Ranganathan Srinivasan , Krishnamoorthy Masilamani , Mohan Vasanth Kumar , Balaraman Senthilnathan , Rajapandian Gowri , Sathiyasundar Ramalingam , Ravindran Saravanan
Published: December 2023

The development of Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has also allowed researchers to understand
the complexity of diseases better and find new treatments for difficult-to-treat conditions. Using
mAbs, researchers can identify and target specific molecules in the body involved in the disease process.
This has allowed for a more targeted treatment approach, which has resulted in improved outcomes
for many patients. This hypothesis has been the basis for the development of mAbs that can target
an array of illnesses. In the past two decades, therapeutic mAbs have been developed to treat cancer,
autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases. For instance, using mAbs
has improved outcomes in treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and Crohn's disease. However,
delivering mAbs in biological systems remains a significant challenge in drug delivery. This is
due to their large size, low stability in circulation, and difficulties in achieving their desired action in
the target cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an essential tool in biological systems, as they can
be used to deliver drugs to specific cell types or tissues. Cloning methods of monoclonal antibody production
have been developed to produce mAbs with therapeutic potential. Hence, the present review
focused on the development and drug delivery of Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in biological systems,
which includes cloning methods, various drug delivery technologies, formulation production
technology, and its applications in multiple diseases were focused for this review.
Isolation and Structural Characterization of Curcuminoids with Spectral and Chromatographic Techniques
Authors:   Gemerek Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey, ŞAP Ayşe , YAMAN Mehmet , TURUMTAY Emine AKYÜZ
Published: December 2023

Curcuminoids are the active ingredients of Curcuma longa L. and are one of the most researched subjects owing to their biological activities. This study focuses on the structural analysis of curcuminoids isolated from turmeric roots using NMR spectroscopy. Turmeric rhizomes were extracted with methanol and hexane. Curcuminoids were isolated using column chromatography, and preparative HPLC-UV. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, and GC-MS as well as NMR. Spectral and physicochemical data showed that isolated curcuminoids (ar-turmeron, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) were obtained entirely from the turmeric rhizomes. When both isolation methods are compared, it was concluded that the prep-HPLC method is efficient and practical, while column chromatography is cheap and easy. In both methods, efficient and pure curcuminoids could be easily obtained by using the solvent mixtures specified in this study.
Spatial Variation of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Agricultural Soils Collected from Different Geographical Regions in Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Quang-Huy Le , Hong-Chuyen To Thi , Thanh-Nho Nguyen , Huynh-Mai Le Thi , Dong Nguyen Van
Published: December 2023

Rare earth elements (REEs) exist commonly in minerals, such as carbonates, silicates, fluorides, and phosphates. REEs are also found in coals, animals, algae, and plants which were proven to increase the growth, development, yield, and quality of crops. In the present study, a preliminary assessment of REEs contents in soils collected from different areas in Vietnam was performed using the methods of Fe(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 co-precipitation to exclude interferences from the sample matrix before analyzing REEs on ICP-MS system. The contents of REEs (mg kg-1) were in descending of Ce > Nd > La > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Tb > Er > Yb > Lu. The light REEs contents were always higher than the heavy REEs, accounting for more than 70% of the total contents. In addition, the REEs also differed in total contents between areas. The contents of REEs were as follows Northwest > Northeast > Central Highland > Southeast. These differences could be related to influences during the natural weathering processes for soil formation and human activities such as mining and cultivation via fertilizers.
Diphthongal phones found in the Balinese language in Tabanan Regency
Authors: Putri Dewa Ayu Dyah Pertiwi , Suparwa I Nyoman , Putra Anak Agung Putu
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to investigate the diphthongal phones in the Balinese Language, particularly in Tabanan Regency. Phonological rules related to changes of vowel phones into diphthongal phones were uncovered and have explained factors that induce the changes. Data of this research were in the form of utterances produced by female informants in 10 sub-districts in Tabanan Regency. The data were collected through two kinds of methods, which were the interview method and the observation method. In analyzing the data, the researcher used an extra lingual matching method to analyze factors that induce the changes from vowel phones into diphthongal phones. Based on the result, these changes were induced by both linguistic and nonlinguistic factors. The linguistic factors were acoustic factors, namely frequency and duration, and phonological factors, namely diphthongization and vowel shift. Meanwhile, the nonlinguistic factor was the geographical elevation in which the participants lived.
THE EFFECT OF INFILL PATTERN AND DENSITY PARAMETERS ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF POLYMER MATERIALS IN 3D PRINTING
Authors: Cahyati Sally , Putra Reky Amanda
Published: December 2023

One of the references for selecting materials in designing a machine component is its mechanical property which is tensile strength. However, the current tensile strength from the materials used in 3D printing products has not been standardized due to many parameters in the design and process that affect them. The selection of correct design and process parameters may result in the proper mechanical properties and minimize the time and amount of materials used during the printing process. The parameters expected to affect the mechanical properties are density and infill pattern. This study was conducted to observe how far the effect of them on the mechanical properties of 3D printing product's tensile strength. The specimen standard of tensile strength used was ASTM D638, while the tested infill pattern was Grid, Triangles, and Tri-Hexagon patterns, with the percentage of total infill density of 20%, 40%, and 60%. PLA (Polylactic Acid) was chosen as the material used in this study. The 3D print machine operated was 3D Print MakerGear M2 with the tensile testing machine of HTE Hounsfield. The results of this study concluded that the percentage of infill density 20%, 40%, and 60% with different infill patterns had different tensile strengths. The specimen with a Tri-Hexagon infill pattern and 60% density had the biggest tensile strength value, followed by the Triangles infill pattern and the smallest one was the Grid pattern with 20% density.
PENGARUH VARIASI KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN DIAMETER PIN TOOLS TERHADAP KUAT GESER DAN STRUKTUR MAKRO SAMBUNGAN FRICTION STIR WELDING DISSIMILAR HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE-POLYPROPYLENE
Authors: Suwanda Totok , Ardiyansyah Nur
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of pin tool turn speed and pin tool diameter on strong shear and macro structure on the friction stir welding dissimilar high-density polyethylene and polypropylene sheets. Variations in welding process parameters used in this study were: rotary speed of 980, 1560, 2360 rpm, and pin tool diameter of 4 and 5 mm. The shape of the cylinder pin, the feeding speed of 11 mm/min, and the plunge depth of 7.8 mm were maintained constant. The results showed that the highest shear strength value was obtained on the connection with a rotary speed of 1560 rpm and a pin tool diameter of 5 mm 4.8 N / mm2 or 23.71% of the tensile strength of raw material high density polyethylene. Observations of macro structures show that the pin tool diameter 5 mm has only slight defects in the stir zone.
PENGECORAN ALUMINIUM MATRIKS KOMPOSIT BERPENGUAT CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT) DENGAN VARIASI PENAMBAHAN SERBUK MAGNESIUM
Authors: Syahid Muhammad , Elyeser Elyeser , Hayat Azwar
Published: December 2023

Aluminum matrix composite reinforced CNT have been developed to improve the mechanical properties of aluminum. In this study, the melting of Aluminum 1100 reinforced Carbon Nanotube (1 wt.% CNT) with variations in the addition of Magnesium powder was carried out by the slurry-based method. The casting of the specimens is carried out using a metal mold. CNT powder was first mixed with magnesium powder at 60°C. Then the aluminum is melted to a temperature of 700°C until it melts, then the temperature is lowered to 500°C or the texture has changed to be like mush (slurry based) and then mixed with CNT powder and Magnesium powder are added. After that the alloy was raised again at 720°C for 30 minutes and the stirring process was carried out, after that it was poured into a metal mold with a mold temperature of around 400°C. The samples were then analyzed for mechanical properties and microstructure observations.  The results of the Vickers hardness test before the addition of Mg powder and CNT were 36.7 HV. While after the variation of adding 1wt.% Mg powder, the hardness of the specimen increased to 44.5 HV, the variation of adding 3% Mg powder was 45.3 HV, and the variation of adding 5% Mg powder reached a hardness value of 46 HV. The tensile test results on 3% Mg powder is 241.6 MPa. The wear test results show the wear rate value for the 1% Mg variation of 0.146 mg/s, the 3% Mg variation of 0.106 mg/s, and the 5% Mg variation with a wear rate value of 0.093 mg/s. The α-Al phase is the dominant phase formed, where the grain size and grain boundaries in the 3% Mg variation have a relatively small size and the spread of CNT is evenly distributed in the alloy, so the addition of Mg to the alloy can help spread CNT in Aluminum alloys.
Strategi Bertahan Hidup Industri Rokok Kecil Terhadap Kenaikan Cukai (Studi Kasus Rokok Ilegal di Kabupaten Probolinggo)
Authors: Jakfar Abdul Aziz Malik , Wisadirana Darsono , Muzakki Moh.
Published: December 2023

This study examines the survival strategy of small cigarette industries against excise tax increases (a case study of illegal cigarettes in Probolinggo District). Departing from the phenomenon of cigarettes being excisable goods in order to reduce the prevalence of smokers, it has become a problem for small cigarette industries because the increase in excise tax takes into account the ability of small cigarette industries in Probolinggo Regency. The formulation of the research problem is how the survival strategy for small cigarette industries continues to produce and what are the factors that make small industries continue to produce amid an increase in excise taxes. This research was conducted in Sidomulyo Village with a research period of 2022–2023 using James C. Scott's survival strategy theory with a qualitative approach and the case study method. The results of this study show that small cigarette industries carry out survival strategies by using used excise, not paying excise taxes, producing clandestinely, and owning other assets or businesses. The driving factors for the small cigarette industry to survive are high income; the inhibiting factors are intensive control and sanctions by the local government and the pandemic. The conclusion of the research is that the only small cigarette industry that can survive is a small cigarette industry that has the spirit to maintain the cigarette industry as a "family heritage”.
Analisis Kelonggaran Dispensasi Kawin dalam Pernikahan Dini Menggunakan Vos- Viewer
Authors: Fitri Fresty Kartika , Rahmawati Intan , Kholifah Siti
Published: December 2023

Analysis of marital dispensation leniency in early marriage using vos-viewer. This study aims to determine the development and research opportunities of marital dispensation in early marriage in Google Scholar-indexed journals which are conducted using Publish or Perish software using the keywords early marriage, marriage dispensation, internet, mass media, gender, poverty, education, family, religious courts, requests for dispensation from marriage, culture, gender bias, unwanted pregnancy, domestic violence, adolescent sexuality, and customary factors. To analyze the development of the number of publications, author productivity, and top articles that are most frequently cited, we used Microsoft Excel. Additionally, to analyze the relationship between research topics, research trends, and research topics that are most often researched, we used VOSViewer. In this search, 2660 articles obtained from searches with publish or perish were grouped into 8 clusters, each of which is assigned to a certain color. The resulting density visualization map shows the opportunity to determine the topic that we selected.
The Effect of the Administration of Bovine Xenograft on the Accelerated Healing of Femoral Fracture in Domestic Dogs
Authors: Pratama Anggi Muhtar , Abadi Rais Dwi , Ratrisono Raka Bayu , Budhi Setyo , Kristanto Dwi
Published: December 2023

Bovine xenografting is a method of grafting bovine bones to other species. This study aimed to determine the effect of the administration of bovine xenografts on accelerated healing in domestic dogs with femoral fractures. This study used a total of 4 dogs (two individuals as the treatment group and other two as the control group) diagnosed with diaphyseal femoral fractures. The bovine xenograft in the form of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)) was synthesized in this study. The femur fracture surgery was carried out using the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) method, followed by the administration of 10 grams of Hydroxyapatite powder from the bovine bone in the fracture area, in the treatment group. The control group was not treated with Hydroxyapatite. Radiographic examinations were carried out on days 0, 14, and 45 post-operation. The parameters observed included the formation of radiopaque mass on the radiographic imaging, indicating the formation of calli around the fracture area. The radiographic examination showed that in the treatment group, the radiopaque mass was apparent on day 14 post-operation while it was not observable in the control group. On day 45 post-operation, the mass was more clearly visible in the treatment group, while it was barely visible in the control group. This research indicated that bovine xenograft has the potential to accelerate the fracture healing process in domestic dogs
Proposta de corredores ecológicos para o lobo guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) na fronteira norte do Distrito Federal - Brasil
Authors: Andrade Bárbara Ramos , Steinke Valdir Adilson
Published: December 2023

O Cerrado, desde 1970, é alvo de significativa supressão da vegetação nativa em função da fronteira agrícola. A perda de habitat pela conversão de áreas naturais em ambientes antropizados tem se revelado uma das principais causas do declínio de espécies a exemplo do lobo-guará, endêmica do bioma Cerrado e que está quase ameaçado de extinção. Depois da perda de habitat, que são as principais ameaças, a abertura e o asfaltamento de rodovias também representam importantes ameaças, devido aos constantes atropelamentos dos animais silvestres, que tentam cruzar as vias de alta velocidade. Diante deste cenário, propõe-se, no trabalho, uma análise que considera cinco cenários de cenários de corredores ecológicos para o lobo-guará no Distrito Federal e entorno, sendo três à noroeste, entre o Parque Nacional de Brasília e a Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, e dois à nordeste, entre a Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas e Formosa. Os caminhos priorizaram as unidades de planejamento (hexágonos) e as notas significativas do resultado geoestatístico do índice de Moran para as variáveis uso da terra, declividade, rodovias, área de preservação permanente (APP) e reserva legal (RL).
Environmental Communication as a Mediator in the Relationship between Environmental Concern and Attitude Towards Green Services in a Sequential Mediation Model: Evidences from Restaurant Industry
Authors: Choudhury Debdutta , Bhattacharjee Anindo
Published: December 2023

Tourism is a major economic activity of a nation but also contributes to about 5% of global emissions. Hospitality industry, a major arm of tourism industry, has initiated several measures for green sustainable practices. This research aims to understand the linkages between an altruistic mindset, environmental concern, environmental communication, green service attitude, and behavioural intentions through a sequential moderation model in the restaurant industry.

A literature review was done to understand the theoretical construct of the proposed model and extant research for last 30 years to develop the consumer behaviour model. A modified model of Theory of Planned Behaviour was chosen as the base theory and through a review of the extant literature, a hypothetical model was created. A covariance-based structural equation model (CB SEM) was created to test the strength of relationships across the variables. The findings indicate that consumer environmental concern do not directly lead to positive attitude towards green services until it is mediated by environmental communication. This finding will help the green restaurants to adequately design suitable communication strategies to increase consumer awareness, positive attitudes and pro-environmental behavioural intentions.
Impact of Womens Financial Inclusion and Financial Attitude on their Financial Well-Being
Authors: Vishwakarma Priyam
Published: December 2023

This study is designed to investigate the impact of women’s financial inclusion and financial attitude on their financial well-being. To determine the sample size, we consider the convenience sampling technique. In this study, we used causal and quantitative research methodologies and collected data from women respondents through a survey and a structured questionnaire method. As a part of the study, 227 responses were collected from women participants. In order to analyse the responses used, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques. The finding shows that women’s financial inclusion and financial attitude positively and significantly influence their financial well-being. In the implication of the study policymakers, and government authorities upsurge the financial well-being of women by ensuring their proper access to appropriate financial products and services and improving their financial management capabilities and skills. This study will be very helpful in the sustainable and inclusive development of women and their empowerment.
Donors Behaviour towards Donation Based Crowdfunding: An Empirical Study using Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: C. Meghana , Babar K. Anil , G. Chandrakala
Published: December 2023

Philanthropy includes practices and deeds that are signs of a voluntarily committed effort to improve the lives of others. The idea of philanthropy can solve all of the major problems in the economy. Recently, online philanthropy (donation-based crowdfunding) has gained its own importance. The present study is primarily focused on the backers or donors point of view. The objective of the study focused on understanding the behaviour pattern and intentions of potential and actual donors towards the donation based model by the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. Data was gathered from 207 responses via a carefully constructed questionnaire include Theory of Planned Behaviour factors. Data responses that fulfilled the requirements were carefully selected for analysis. The data were analysed using SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis are used. The factors such as attitude, perceived behaviour control, subjective norms, self-identity and cognitive based trust have significantly positive influences on donation intention.
Nancy Pelosis Visit to Taiwan and Stock Indices Responses: An Event Study and Panel Data Analysis for Asia-Pacific and Selected Markets
Authors: Joshi Nisarg A. , Aggarwal Ansita
Published: December 2023

Traditional financial market-based analyses of the anticipated effects of policy changes have only ever been retrospective. In this study, we provide an example to illustrate how prediction markets enable markets to be used to estimate policy effects in the future. In this article, we use an event study approach to empirically study the effect of Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan on stock indices performance in the Asia-Pacific region, the United States, and selected indices in Europe. The observed window comprises 10 days post the Nancy Pelosi’s visit, and the estimation window consists of 150 days before the event date. We found that the effect of visit has not been significant on the stock indices except Hong-Kong and China that too for very short-term. Our analysis enables us to identify how not all the news would be having an impact on stock indices. The investment community and academics can predict stock return behaviour and the dynamics of the first two minutes during crises by observing how stock return behaviour changes in response to financial crises.
Nexus between the Exchange Rate Spill-Over Movement and Macroeconomic Variables in South Asian Countries
Authors: S. Baranidharan , Vasani S. Amirdha
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the Exchange Rate spill-over and Macro Economic Determinants in selected South Asian Countries (Afghanistan, India and Pakistan). The study employed 10 years of data from 2011 to 2021 of macroeconomic variables such as TIN- Total Investment, INF - Inflation, IMP - Imports, EXP - Exports, GTE - Government Total Expenditure, GNL - Government Net Lending, ER – Exchange Rate. The result evidenced that selected macroeconomic variables changes doesn’t have any connection in the changes of ER of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The ER changes are highly autocorrelated and act highly independence in the last ten years. Moreover, the depreciation of currency values replicates economic instability and drastically straight fall. Asian countries operating their currency based on a managed floating ER regime. It’s marking a market-determined ER regime of the currency with provision for timely intervention by the central bank. Managed float regime is an international financial environment in which ERs fluctuates from day to day, but central banks attempt to influence their countries’ ERs by buying and selling currencies to maintain a certain range. This study would be useful to the retail investors to speculate and arbitrage and (economic policy) policymakers to monitor, Forecasting and Simulation the ER movements.
The importance of physical activity in the elderly population with comorbidities in a post-pandemic era
Authors: Nogueira Tiago da Silva , Gonçalves Patric Emerson Oliveira
Published: December 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world faced significant challenges that impacted all age groups. Among the most vulnerable groups, the elderly population with comorbidities had the greatest challenge to their physical, social, andmental health. The lockdown imposed by health authorities aimed at slowing the spread of the virus had a large drawback in terms of the level of physical activity, risk factors, frailty, and falls risk in the elderly. Furthermore, several health issues were exacerbated, including higher levels of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, sleep problems, and depression. A decrease in the level of physical activity was observed following quarantine, and this trend prevailed even a year after the early stages of the pandemic. A large populational study in individuals more than 65 years old showed that during the early years of the pandemic, nearly 30% of them experienced an impairment in exercise levels, which was significantly related to detriments in quality of life, and this trend prevailed even a year after the early stages of the pandemic. Given this post-pandemic scenario, it is essential that we redefine strategies to improve the quality of life of these demographics.
A COURSE TIMETABLING FORMULATION UNDER PANDEMIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: GÜRKAN M. Edib , ŞİMŞEK Ahmet Bahadır
Published: December 2023

The covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected the education sector and raised the new operational challenges that spring from the necessity of planning courses in a way to ensure community safety. Accordingly, many higher education institutions provide guidelines regarding the measures to be implemented in education operations. As such, timetabling of the courses is required to be carried out in line with these guidelines. To address this need, this study introduces a multi-objective mathematical model for a university course timetabling problem under the pandemic-related considerations. In particular, the proposed mathematical model aims to minimize the total number of online courses and sections while considering the balanced distribution of the courses over time slots and days. We test the effectiveness of the proposed model using real-life data. The results show that the proposed approach is able to create an optimal timetable in a reasonable time that addresses the objectives of the faculty administration and satisfies the pandemic-related requirements. The study contributes to the literature by introducing new pandemic constraints and inspires managers facing pandemic guidelines.
AN OPTIMIZATION STUDY ON THE SUCCESS OF THE 3-POINT SHOOTING IN BASKETBALL
Authors: KIZILHAN Hasbi
Published: December 2023

A successful shot in basketball is critical to winning a game. Especially, the shot from the 3-point line both scores more points compared to other shots and draws the fans into the game more. The success of the 3-point shooting (3PS) depends on many factors, including the release height of the ball, jump height and physical characteristic. These parameters must be optimally adjusted for a successful shot. The aim of this study is to find the appropriate velocity and angles for a successful 3PS by combining the ball release parameters. For the optimization, the design parameters, and the distance of the ball to the basket were defined as input and output variables to the Adams/View Insight module, respectively. While the velocity and angle input values were taken in accordance with the literature studies, the release height of the ball was calculated depending on the height, jump height and joint angles of the player. The optimization results reveal what the appropriate angle and velocity values should be for players having different heights for a successful 3PS. It should be emphasized that this study has been put forward to bring a different interpretation to basketball with an engineering approach.
PRACTICALLY COMPARISON OF SOME MECHANICAL STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR LEATHER AND TEXTILE
Authors: ÖRK EFENDİOĞLU Nilay , TEMEL Emrah
Published: December 2023

Fabrics, leathers and artificial materials show structurally different properties. For example, if a fabric material is woven, it is formed by connecting the threads at a right angle to each other with a certain system; on the other hand, leather is formed by naturally binding complex collagen fibers with specific and different angles depending on their area. Also, artificial materials are produced disparately using PVC and PU. These structural differences directly affect the mechanical properties of materials and therefore Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) offers different test methods for textile and leather materials. There are some differences between these standards according to the shape/size of test samples, jaw length, speed, etc. Since leather is an expensive material and has a limited area, sample sizes of leather standards are smaller than the dimensions specified in the textile standard; however, sample sizes in textile standards can be a problem for some expensive textile materials e.g., silk, silver-added fabrics, vicuna, etc. The aim of this study is to examine the differences between the results obtained from the textile and leather standard methods. In this scope, the tensile strength, elongation and tear load values of the two different tanned garment leathers, artificial material, and two different kinds of woven fabrics were obtained by applying both leather and textile standard methods. While there was a statistical difference between the two methods in tensile strength and elongation values for all materials, no difference was observed in tear load values.
MODELING THE BENDING BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS
Authors: ÇANKAYA Mehmet Alper
Published: December 2023

In this study, modeling of the bending behavior of large-scale steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams (SFRC) was investigated using the Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT) based non-linear finite element (NLFE) method and an analytical method. The two analysis methods included different modeling approaches for the contribution of steel fibers to the tensile strength of reinforced concrete. In the first approach, the residual tensile strength of fibrous concrete was related to the crack width and adopted into the MCTF-based NLFE method. However, the residual tensile strength was free from the crack width in the second approach, which was employed in the analytical method. The capabilities of the mentioned analysis methods were investigated on an experimental study selected from the literature. The experimental study included the four-point bending tests of five four-meter-long simply supported SFRC beams having various ratios of longitudinal reinforcement and fiber content. Results revealed that the MCTF-based NLFE method performed superior in representing the large-scale member responses (such as load-carrying capacity, crack profiles, and flexural stiffness) for the selected loading and boundary conditions while the simplified analytical tool was found to be always conservative in the determination of strength regardless of conventional reinforcement and fiber ratio. However, the rate of error was apparently proven to be highly dependent on the tensile reinforcement ratio.
DİSLEKSİ VE DİSGRAFİ OLAN ÇOCUKLARIN OKUMA SIRASINDA BEYİN AKTİVİTELERİNİN FONKSİYONEL MR PSİKOFİZYOLOJİK ETKİLEŞİM ANALİZİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SAĞIR Gizem Rüveyda , İÇER Semra
Published: December 2023

Okuma ve yazma güçlükleri dünyada oldukça yaygın olan nörogelişimsel bozukluklardır. Okuma ve yazma güçlüğü olarak bilinen gelişimsel disleksi ve yazma güçlüğü olarak bilinen gelişimsel disgrafinin birlikte değerlendirildiği çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma, literatürdeki kısıtlı çalışmalara katkıda bulunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. OpenfMRI’dan alınan veri setinde Almanca konuşan çocuklardan disleksi 20, disgrafi 16 ve kontrol grubundan 22 katılımcı bulunmaktadır. fMRI görevi, normal kelime ve sözde eş sesli kelimeleri sesli bir şekilde okumadır. Görevler sırasında tüm beyinde oluşan fonksiyonel aktivasyon analizi sonucunda, disgrafi grubu disleksi ve kontrol grubuna göre okuma ile ilgili olan bölgelerde hipoaktivasyon göstermiştir. Ek olarak disleksi grubunda ventral oksipitotemporal bölgede hipoaktivasyon gözlenmememiştir. Bununla birlikte fusiform girus, inferior frontal girus, precuneus ve precentral girus bölgeleri tohum olarak seçilip, ilgili tohum bölgesinin görevler sırasında fonksiyonel bağlantısını araştırmak amacıyla, psikofizyolojik etkileşim analizi yapılmıştır. Fonksiyonel bağlantı analizi sonucunda, disleksi grubunda diğer gruplara göre bağlantısallık yollarında bozulmalar gözlenmiştir. Disgrafi grubu ise kontrol grubu ile benzer bağlantı yolları göstermiştir.
NANO VE MİKRO TOZ MALZEMELERLE ÜRETİLEN YÜKSEK ISI YALITIM PERFORMANSLI VAKUM YALITIM PANELİ ÇEKİRDEKLERİNİN FİZİKSEL VE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: AKDAĞ Ali Ekrem , DAVRAZ Metin , DELİKANLI Kamil
Published: December 2023

Vakum Yalıtım Panelleri (VYP), ısı kayıplarının azaltılmasında kullanılan ve geleneksel yalıtım malzemelerine kıyasla çok daha düşük ısı iletkenlik katsayısına sahip yeni nesil yalıtım malzemelerdir. Isı iletkenlik katsayıları ~3-7 mWm-1K-1 aralığında ve kalınlıkları geleneksel yalıtım malzemelerine göre 5-10 kat daha ince olabilmektedir. VYP’lerin, çekirdek malzemesi geçirimsiz bir bariyer içerisinde vakumlanır. Vakum sonrası panel üzerine uygulanan atmosfer basıncı ~10 ton/m2 seviyesindedir. Dolayısıyla çekirdeğin fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri, boyutsal kararlılık açısından çok önemlidir. Yeterli mekanik özelliklere sahip olmayan çekirdekler vakumlandıktan sonra çöker ve rijit bir panel elde edilemez. Bu çalışmada, fumed silika (FS) ve alternatif tozların karışımı ile üretilen çekirdeklerin mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çekirdek üretiminde beş farklı özgül yüzey alanına (ÖYA) sahip nano ve mikro boyutta tozlar kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca karışıma %5, %10 ve %15 oranlarında cam elyafı (fiber) eklenmiştir. Karışım oranları belirlendikten sonra 20-50 kN aralığında sıkıştırma kuvvetleri uygulanarak farklı fiziksel ve mekanik özellikte 45 çekirdek panel üretilmiştir. Çekirdeklerin fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri DIN EN 1602, DIN EN 826, DIN EN 1607 standartlarına göre test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, çekirdek tasarımında ≤%10 fiber ilavesi ve yüksek ÖYA’na sahip tozların çekirdek boyutsal kararlılığını ve elastisite modülünü arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak DIN EN standartlarına göre en uygun mekanik özellikleri CP-1-4 çekirdeği sağlamıştır.
AN INTEGRATED FUZZY MCDM MODEL FOR HOTEL WEBSITE EVALUATION
Authors: AKBURAK Dilek , AKBAŞ Mert
Published: December 2023

Changing and increasing customer expectations with the development of technology have also led to strategic changes in the tourism sector. The websites where the hotels offer their services are the first platforms they encounter with the customers. They should pay attention to various evaluation criteria in order to draw the attention of the customer and gain an advantage in the competitive market. This study aims to present a practical, useful, comprehensive, and integrated method for the evaluation of hotels' websites. In this study, a two-fold MCDM approach was proposed by taking into account the vagueness and complexity of the assessments. Firstly, criteria weights are found using the interval type-2 fuzzy AHP method. Secondly, hotel websites are ranked using the hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS method. An application study to evaluate five alternative hotel websites based on five main criteria and 19 subcriteria is also presented. While trust and information quality are the two most significant factors, reservation information, security, and special discounts are the three leading sub-factors.
AHŞAP HAM MADDELERDE YÜZEY HATASINI BELİRLEMEK İÇİN GÖRÜNTÜ İŞLEME TABANLI KALİTE KONTROL SİSTEMİ
Authors: ÇELİK Yaren , DENGİZ Berna , GÜNEY Selda
Published: December 2023

Günümüzde ahşap ham madde malzemeleri birçok endüstride kullanılmaktadır. Ahşap ham madde üzerinde gözden kaçan kusurlar, son ürünü görsel açıdan ve dayanıklılık bakımından etkileyerek satışını engelleyebilir. Kusurlu ham maddeler üzerinde elle veya görsel kontrol zor ve yanıltıcı olabilir. Sürekli gelişen dijital teknoloji ve akıllı sistemler sayesinde, kalite kontrol için otomasyon sistemleri geliştirilmektedir. Böylece üretimin erken aşamalarında kusurlar tespit edilebilmektedir. Son ürünün kusurlu veya hatalı olması engellenebildiğinde iş gücü, malzeme ve zaman kayıpları önlenebilecek, maliyetler düşürülebilecektir. Bu çalışmada, özel bir kamera sistemi ile elde edilen görüntüler, görüntü işleme temelli Derin Öğrenme (DÖ) yöntemlerinde kullanılarak ahşap ham maddenin kusurlu olup olmadığı ayrımı yapılmaktadır. Kusurların tespitinde kullanılacak model ayrım odaklı bir yöntem olan Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı (ESA) ile geliştirilmiş olup tercih edilen bir yöntemdir. Çalışmada, ShuffleNet, AlexNet, GoogleNet gibi ESA mimarileri denenmiş ve en uygun mimari belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda, ESA mimarileri arasında kusurlu ve kusursuz ahşap ürünlerini belirlemek için kullanılan başarılı yöntemler olan MobileNet, DenseNet ve Inception mimarilerinin, kalite kontrol sistemleri için daha yüksek doğruluk oranları ile sonuçlandığı görülmüştür. En iyi sonuç ise, Inception-V3 mimarisi ile elde edilmiştir ve test doğruluğu %88,41 olarak belirlenmiştir.
ABRASION RESISTANCE PREDICTION OF TRUE MARBLES USING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DATA: A NEW APPROACH
Authors: GÜNEŞ Nurdan , GÖKTAN R. Mete
Published: December 2023

Natural stones are the widely used building materials in civil engineering and architectural projects. Surface abrasion resistance determination of natural stones is one of the important issues considered in flooring projects. This mechanical property is determined by performing standardized laboratory tests. In recent years, however, there has been considerable interest in its determination by means of indirect methods using the physical, mechanical, and mineralogical properties of stone materials. As a new approach, the present work was undertaken to investigate the potential usability of chemical compositions of true marbles as a guide to predict their Wide Wheel Abrasion (WWA) and Böhme Abrasion (BA) test values. By performing multiple linear regression analyses, statistically significant regression models with high prediction accuracies were derived (p-values < 0.05; R2 ═ 0.98­0.99). In the established prediction models MgO, SiO2, CaO, and (CaO/SiO2) ratio were determined as the most significant predictor variables. These models may be updated by inclusion of data from further studies on other types of marbles.
BİR OLUKLU MUKAVVA İŞLETMESİNDE REGRESYON ANALİZİ İLE MAKİNE İŞLEM SÜRELERİNİN TAHMİN EDİLMESİ
Authors: ÇAPRAZ Ozan , ALTAY Gülşah , POLAT Olcay
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de oluklu mukavva üretimi alanında faaliyet gösteren bir işletmenin makine işlem sürelerinin tahmin edilmesi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. İşletmede iki aşamalı üretim yapılmakta olup birinci aşamada oluklu makinesinden (hattından) çıkan yarı mamul levhalar ikinci aşamada konfeksiyon makinelerinde müşterinin istediği nihai ürün haline gelmektedir. Korelasyon analizleri yapılarak belirlenen girdi değişkenleri (bobin büyüklüğü, dalga cinsi, kâğıt türü, çalışılan metre) kullanılarak oluklu makinesi için çok değişkenli doğrusal regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Konfeksiyon bölümünde ise, bir bağımsız değişken (levha adedi) kullanılarak farklı özellikteki makineler için farklı analizler (kuşe durumuna, dalga cinsine göre) ile tek değişkenli doğrusal regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Tahminlerin gerçek verilerle karşılaştırılması için ortalama mutlak yüzde hata (MAPE) kriteri kullanılmıştır. İşletmede mevcut durumda kullanılan uzman tahminlerine göre kıyasla regresyon analizleri ile tahminler daha başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir. Mevcut veriler üzerinden yapılan kıyaslamada, oluklu makinesi için MAPE değeri %22,333’ten %3,530’a ve konfeksiyon bölümü için ortalama MAPE değeri %38,167’den %22,456’ya düşmüştür. Sonuç olarak, planlama ve çizelgeleme süreçlerinin etkinliğinin artacağı düşünülmektedir.
YÜKLENİCİ İNŞAAT FİRMALARINDA KURUMSAL RİSK YÖNETİMİNİN PERFORMANS RİSKİNE ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KAZAZ Aynur , İMRE Ali  Evren
Published: December 2023

İnşaat sektöründeki yüklenici firmalar, kurumsallaşma eksikliklerinin giderilmesi için sürekli bir değişim ve gelişim içinde olmak zorundadırlar. Sektörden bağımsız büyük ya da küçük ölçekli kurumsal yönetim anlayışına sahip her kuruluş, iş yaşamında varlığını sürdürebilmek adına kendilerine bir yönetim modeli belirlemektedirler. Bu modellerden en yaygın kullanımına örnek olarak; iç kontrol ve kurumsal risk yönetimi ile birlikte risk esaslı proaktif yönetim modeli gösterilebilir. “Kurumsal Risk Yönetimi – (KRY)” risk yönetim sürecine yönelik bütüncül bir yaklaşıma haiz olarak, iş süreçlerinin verimli ve etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Sürekli bir devinim içinde olması nedeniyle dinamik unsurların etkin olduğu yapım sektöründe, giderek daha karmaşık hale gelen projelerde maliyet, kalite ve süre unsurlarının arzu edilen sonuçlar vermesini sağlamak için bütüncül ve sistematik yönetim yaklaşımlarının uygulanması gerekmektedir.

Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, yüklenici inşaat firmalarında iç kontrol ve KRY’nin firma süreçlerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Yüklenici İnşaat Firmalarında İç Kontrol ve KRY sisteminin uygulanması için Web tabanlı “Ortak Proje Yönetim Portalı” (OPYP) geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, OPYP’nin vaka çalışması olarak ele alınan projeler üzerinden firma süreçlerine olan etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
LHD İŞ MAKİNELERİNİN ÜRETİM KAPASİTELERİNİN C++ PROGRAMLAMA DİLİ İLE HESAPLANMASI
Authors: YURDAKUL Eren , DOĞRUÖZ Cihan
Published: December 2023

LHD (yükle-taşı-boşalt) makineleri uzun yıllardır tünel açma endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu makineler enerji tüketimlerine ve teknik özelliklerine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu makineler kablolu ve dizel olmak üzere iki ana grupta sınıflandırılmaktadır. Tünel aynalarındaki hafriyatın taşınmasında sıklıkla LHD makineler kullanılmaktadır. Bu kullanım sırasında malzeme miktarı, nakliye süresi ve saatlik üretim gibi parametrelerin hesaplanması ve bu parametrelerin en kısa ve optimum koşullarda uygulanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tünellerde LHD makinelerin kullanımı sırasında yapılan uygulamaların hesaplama süreleri C++ programlama dili tekniği ile kısaltılmıştır. Günümüzde mühendislik uygulamaları C++ programlama dili ile revize edilebilmektedir. Bu nedenle tünel açmada kullanılan iş makinelerinin uygulama sırasındaki performanslarının programlama dilleri ile desteklenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu sayede üretim hesabı kolaylaşmakta, hesaplama süresi kısalmaktadır. Teorik olarak elde edilen verilerin normal şartlarda manuel olarak hesaplanması uzun zaman alırken C++ programlama dili kullanıldığında kodların derleme süresi 0,39 sn sürmektedir. Çalıştırılan exe dosyası içerisinde hazır bulunan verilerin anlık olarak işlenmesi ve sonuçların alınması da giriş hızına bağlı olarak ortalama 1 sn ile 10 sn arasında değişmektedir.
ANN BASED EARLY DETECTION OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE ON SELECTED FEATURES
Authors: YILDIZ Seyit Gazi , YILDIZ Kazım
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a type of dementia, also called cognitive impairment. In cases where measures are not taken against the disease, it may result in a decrease in the quality of life of the person and result in very serious consequences. While it presents with neurological consequences such as decreased functions of thinking and memory, it may result in death in advanced cases. The fact that the treatment is not completely possible makes the place of early diagnosis and intervention important for AD. As a result of the researches carried out in the study, it was seen that there are many studies and scientific content within the framework of AD. A method for early diagnosis of the disease was evaluated by using an open source shared dataset, which includes some disease-specific values and demographic characteristics. By using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model, which is one of the machine learning methods, it is aimed to be useful for other studies to take precautions for early detection of the disease. With the ANN, which was classified as dementia and non-dementia individuals, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value 0.2302, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) value 0.1899 and accuracy rate of 98.5% was obtained.
FORCE BASED IMPEDANCE CONTROL OF 5-BAR PARALLEL ROBOT MANIPULATOR
Authors: YILMAZLAR Eray
Published: December 2023

The interaction of robots with the environment is increasing in many sectors. In particular, position and force-dependent interactions are frequently used in sensitive applications. In this interaction control, impedance control method answer the need. The parallel robot manipulator is one of the models that is widely used in this field and constitutes the basic of many robot designs. In this study, an exemplary 5-limb robot manipulator is designed. Position change according to the amount of load applied on this manipulator was realized with impedance control. Force amount measurement was applied using loadcell. The position change was calculated with the forward kinematic calculations of the manipulator. This calculation and control process was realized on the Arduino Mega embedded system board. With this experiment application study, the behaviour analysis of the robot manipulator was examined according to the stiffness and damping coefficients that affect the impedance control, and the ideal coefficients for the designed manipulator were determined.
POLİMER BAĞLAYICILI HAFİF BETONLARIN FİZİKSEL VE MEKANİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KAPLAN Ali Nadi , ÖZEL Cengiz
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada, polimer bağlayıcı olarak vinilester reçine ve hafif agrega olarak pomza ile genleştirilmiş perlit agregalarının kullanıldığı polimer beton kompozitleri üretilmiştir. Beton karışımlarında kullanılan agregalar hacimce %0, %15, %30 ve %45 oranlarında belirlenmiş ve belirlenen karışım oranlarında üretilen polimer beton numuneleri üzerinde bir dizi deneysel çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda polimer beton numunelerinin teorik yoğunlukları ile görünür yoğunlukları karşılaştırılmış, boyuna dalga hızı deneyi yapılmıştır. Numunelerin mekanik özellikleri için eğilme ve basınç deneyleri yapılarak polimer betonların dayanımları belirlenmiştir. Mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerin kullanılan agrega tipine ve oranına göre değiştiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Her iki agregalı polimer beton serileri incelendiğinde pomza kullanılarak üretilen numunelerin eğilme ve basınç dayanımlarının genleştirilmiş perlit kullanılarak üretilen numunelerden daha yüksek değerlerde olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada en yüksek dayanım değerlerini %30 pomza agregası kullanılarak üretilen polimer beton numuneleri sağlamıştır. Bu numunelerde eğilme dayanımı 44 MPa, basınç dayanımı 122 MPa’dır. Son olarak agrega oranının artışına bağlı olarak eğilme dayanımları pomzalı serilerde önce artıp sonra azalışa geçmişken, genleştirilmiş perlitli serilerde azalış göstermiştir. Basınç dayanımları ise her iki agregalı serilerde de önce artmış daha sonra azalışa geçmiştir.
AÇIK UÇLU ÇOKLU GEZGİN SATICI PROBLEMİ VE BİR ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİSİ
Authors: KARTAL Zühal
Published: December 2023

Çoklu gezgin satıcı problemi, bir tura tek bir depodan başlayan ve turu depoda bitiren m adet satıcı için her bir şehrin yalnızca bir kez ziyaret edilmesi kısıtı altında, oluşan m adet turun toplam maliyetini minimize etmeyi amaçlar. Açık uçlu çoklu gezgin satıcı probleminde ise, m adet satıcı depoya geri dönme zorunluluğu olmadan, turu en son ziyaret ettikleri şehirde tamamlarlar. Problemin amacı, m adet satıcının oluşturduğu rotaların toplam mesafesinin en küçüklenmesini sağlamaktır. Bu probleme lojistik sektöründe özellikle kargo taşımacılığında rastlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile, açık uçlu çoklu gezgin satıcı problemine açık kaynak kodlu yazılımlar kullanılarak bir çözüm önerisinde bulunulmuştur. İlk olarak m adet satıcının gezeceği şehirler denetimsiz makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından K-Medoids Kümeleme Algoritmasıyla belirlenmiş, ardından En Yakın Komşuluk Algoritması ile rotalar oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen yöntemin başarısı literatürden kümelenmiş, rassal ve hibrid rassal-kümelenmiş olarak sunulmuş özellikler gösteren veri setleri üzerindeki denenerek, performansı Gurobi ticari çözücüsünden alınan optimal çözümlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, önerilen yöntemin kabul edilebilir seviyede başarılı olduğunu ancak, farklı özellikler taşıyan veri setlerinde farklı davranışlar sergilediğini göstermektedir.