bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALISE/ASIST Joint panel on accreditation: Moving forward with LIS accreditation reform
Authors: Ross Seamus , Connaway Lynn S. , Spiteri Louise , Hepburn Peter , Caidi Nadia , Eschenfelder Kristin
Published: December 2016

The landscape of education in Library and Information Science (LIS) is shifting as the ways in which information is managed and used in society evolves. As these changes happen how we validate our educational programs needs to change as well. Discussion about the ways in which accreditation of LIS education programs is currently conducted has become an increasingly contested issue within the Information community. This panel will examine the current approaches to accreditation, sketch the progress that has been made on accreditation reform, consider what educational institutions and the LIS community are seeking to achieve with accreditation, and conclude by considering the next steps for ASIS&T and the information community as we press forward with efforts to reform accreditation.
Preserving intangible heritage: Defining a research agenda
Authors: Bonn Maria , Kendall Lori , McDonough Jerome
Published: December 2016

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in the field of preservation, particularly with respect to preservation of digital materials. To date, however, there has been only minimal research activity within North America on the preservation of intangible cultural heritage, and its relationship to the preservation of material expressions of culture. Given the importance of intangible heritage to the cultural and scholarly record, we believe that a more significant research program in this area would be of benefit to the scholarly community. This panel will focus on the nature of intangible heritage and the problems in preserving it in a digital age.
Social informatics of data norms
Authors: McCoy Chase , Marcinkowski Michael , Sawyer Steve , Sanfilippo Madelyn R. , Meyer Eric T. , Rosenbaum Howard
Published: December 2016

Big data has been widely promoted across disciplines and sectors for its potential to enhance lives and promote knowledge discovery. However, challenges arise at all stages of the data lifecycle due to the complexity of interactions between data and the contexts within which they are collected and managed, which has implications for interpretations of this data and eventual use of information and the creation of knowledge products from these data. Starting from the perspective of social informatics, this panel will discuss: the reciprocal relationships between data and context; specific challenges in distinct stages of data generation, data repository implementation, data curation, data use, and data reproducibility; and the implications of these challenges and their potential solutions for both social informatics research and society in general.
Digital liaisons virtual uncommons: Creating knowledge, enhancing lives via digital libraries
Authors: Cunningham Christopher A , Grguric Ekatarina , Gamble Alyson
Published: December 2016

Digital libraries are uniquely poised as environments for knowledge creation and life enhancement. Researchers are able to develop and utilize the virtual environment in compelling ways, including global engagement with people who are new to practicing information science. Virtual sessions and unconferences are two innovative ways to connect established practitioners with less experienced students and professionals in supportive, collaborative environments. By combining these two formats, we propose hosting a virtual uncommons that transcends geographical locations. The Digital Liaisons Virtual Uncommons (DLVU) will feature leaders in digital libraries who will act in a mentoring capacity by responding to questions posed by new information professionals.

In the DLVU, innovative students and early career professionals will be able to connect with mentors in the field of digital librarianship. The virtual uncommons will be a space for informal mentoring and serendipitous networking. This session will feature a Twitter chat under the hashtag #SIGDLchats (OR #DL4Good) for LIS students and newly practicing professionals to connect with mentors in the field with a focus on the changing nature of modern librarianship. Mentors will be sought out beforehand and the session will be widely publicized to international LIS, IS, Archival, etc. I‐*, programs.
Tomato tomahto: European perspectives on information science
Authors: Warner Julian , Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia , Peters Isabella , Lund Niels Windfeld , Buckland Michael
Published: December 2016

'And oh, if we ever part, then that might break my heart’ (Gershwin and Gershwin, ).

In the lyric, ‘tomato tomahto', the marked, or explicitly differentiated term, is tomahto, corresponding more to the English rather than the United States pronunciation. The marked term of a contrast characteristically designates the exception or minor term and the distinctions contained in the unmarked term may be implicitly, and incompletely, understood. Analogously, information science has often been implicitly based in the United States and influenced by American modes of thought, while European, including English, developments have been the occasionally marked and often minor term.

This panel explores European perspectives on information science, explicitly and implicitly contrasting them with United States perspectives, from a base in a number of languages and in Europe and beyond.

The panel employs diverse and complementary viewpoints and should make for a lively discussion. It concludes, in sympathy with Gershwin, that cooperation and integration, corresponding to increasing globalization, is the way forward.

The combination of European and beyond and United States perspectives on information science is especially appropriate for the first ASIS&T Annual Meeting outside North America.
Global/local knowledge organization: Contexts and questions
Authors: Adler Melissa A. , Tennis Joseph T. , Martínez‐Ávila Daniel , Guimarães José Augusto C. , Mai Jens‐Erik , Olesen‐Bagneux Ole , Skouvig Laura
Published: December 2016

This panel features junior and senior scholars from the United States, Denmark, and Brazil, who will come together to discuss some of the central tensions between local and global knowledge organization systems. They will be in conversation around three key questions: 1) What are the contexts in which local and global knowledge organization systems matter? 2) What can we learn about the stakes of global/local knowledge organization from those contexts? 3) How can we conceptualize the relationship between the universal and the particular? The panelists will provide brief overviews of their perspectives, and the majority of the time will be reserved for an interactive discussion of the epistemological, practical, and ethical dimensions of global and local knowledge organization. The contexts addressed will include libraries, archives, and digital, social, and popular media. Within those settings, the panelists are concerned with such issues as access, hegemony, intended and unintended consequences, and meaning construction in particular domains, spaces, and communities.
Dismantling information poverty in cultural production for young people
Authors: Cooke Nicole A. , Martens Marianne , Junker Beth
Published: December 2016

This panel, comprised of an international team of scholars, will address children's information poverty from three perspectives: 1) information poverty faced by populations who do not see themselves reflected within mainstream picture books; 2) information poverty faced by immigrant children who do not have access to appropriate learning materials; and 3) adults' cultural information poverty around the meaning of young people's encounters with art and culture as part of their everyday life experience.
Publish or perish: Meet the editors a special panel
Authors: Beheshti Jamshid , Jansen Jim , Dillon Andrew , Lewandowski Dirk , Mostafa Javad , Khanova Julia , Wilson Tom , Seadle Michael
Published: December 2016

This is a special panel to introduce the editors of prestigious international journals in library and information science, who will discuss the aim and the scope of the journals and elaborate on the expectations from potential contributors to help young academics understand and appreciate the process of academic publishing.
Making research data possible: Negotiating between disciplinary cultures, temporalities, data policies, professional interests and education and training
Authors: Kjellberg Sara , Cox Andrew , Tammaro Anna Maria , Haider Jutta , Tam Winnie , Matusiak Krystyna K.
Published: December 2016

The workshop brings together differing perspectives on what makes research data possible. How data is made represents an on‐going negotiation between a number of elements. It reflects, firstly, the nature of disciplines and the complex way this is linked to cultures of research data and data sharing. Secondly, data is made across the complex temporalities within different practices of its management. Thirdly, it increasingly reflects the influences of data policies: working at the international and national, down to institutional level. Fourthly, it is also shaped by the renegotiation of professional interests and relationships such as between librarians, computing services, archivists and research administrators. And, fifthly, data is being shaped within models of education and training of current and new information professionals. The panel seeks to bring together a diverse range of participants to explore appropriate theories and methodologies for work in this field, using a conversation cafe format, and based on discussions around the five elements.
Qualitative methods for studying health information behaviors
Authors: Oh Sanghee , Costello Kaitlin L. , Chen Annie T. , Wildemuth Barbara M.
Published: December 2016

Qualitative methods can be used to understand and interpret human behaviors in a variety of contexts, including people's health information behaviors. This panel will discuss current applications of qualitative methods in this context, with emphasis on three examples: visual elicitation techniques, qualitative content analysis, and grounded theory approaches. The audience will be encouraged to discuss additional qualitative approaches and mixed methods, and how they might be applied to studies of health information behaviors.
Media format matters: Users' perceptions of physical versus digital games
Authors: Lee Jin Ha , Holmes Dylan , Lobe Brooks
Published: December 2016

Despite the rapid shift in media distribution from physical to digital formats, few studies explore what this means to users with regards to perceived values, limitations, and experience with media. We investigate this problem, specifically within the context of video games, aiming to understand which formats game players prefer and for what reasons, and the implications for game content providers and digital libraries. The findings from a survey of 1,257 game players showed that more respondents preferred digital formats over physical formats. Advocates of digital games typically valued accessibility and convenience, longevity of games free of physical damage, less need for storage, and reduced cost. Advocates of physical games generally valued the ability to easily retrieve, share, and resell games, ownership and longevity of access to games, the paraphernalia and collectibles that came with physical games, and the aesthetic and tangible qualities of the physical object. We discuss the implications of these findings for content providers and libraries, with an emphasis on game preservation efforts.
Affective taxomonies of the reading experience: Using user‐generated reviews for readers' advisory
Authors: Spiteri Louise F. , Pecoskie Jen
Published: December 2016

This paper examines affect in the reading experience to help both readers' advisors and readers as they work to suggest books to readers and choose books for their individual context. Using Grounded Theory analysis of 536 user‐generated reviews from 831 bibliographic records of a selection of fiction titles (n=22) in Canadian public libraries whose catalogues allow for the inclusion of user content were analyzed for affective content. The content of the reviews was coded into three categories, Emotions, Tones, and Associations and taxonomies were developed. Emotions are represented by 9 basic categories, and 44 unique emotions, Tones by 11 basic categories and 141 unique tones, and Associations by 7 basic categories and 31 unique associations. Affective access points can serve as an important addition to the bibliographic records for works of fiction and it is suggested that the derived taxonomies could be used as facets by which to narrow the results of a search for readers' advisory efforts in public libraries.
Plagiarism‐free inquiry project‐based learning with UPCC pedagogy
Authors: Lee Celina Wing Yi , Chu Samuel Kai Wah , Cheng Joanna Oi Yue , Reynolds Rebecca
Published: December 2016

(U)nderstanding plagiarism, learning about (P)araphrasing and related skills, generating proper (C)itations with an online citation tool and doing originality (C)heck with an online tool (UPCC) is a pedagogy developed by Chu and his colleagues (, ) to help students avoid plagiarism. The UPCC pedagogy incorporates teaching the ethical use of information, an important facet of information literacy, into inquiry project‐based learning (PjBL), a pedagogical approach that demands students to demonstrate high order information literacy. This study, adopting a mixed‐methods design, evaluates the effectiveness of UPCC by comparing the plagiarism behavior of two cohorts of junior secondary students in their PjBL projects with and without the implementation of the pedagogy. In addition, upon the completion of their projects, the 2015 cohort completed a survey that evaluates their knowledge of plagiarism, and assesses the extent to which they endorse the helpfulness of the UPCC in domains including instructional support; understanding plagiarism; paraphrasing, synthesizing and summarizing; generating appropriate citations; and originality self‐check. Students and teachers also participated in focus group interviews to further elaborate on their perceptions on the UPCC pedagogy. A trend in reduced plagiarism behavior was observed after the implementation of UPCC, and students expressed a generally positive perception on UPCC as an effective anti‐plagiarism pedagogy. Quantitative and qualitative data showed that students who had better knowledge of plagiarism held a significantly more positive perception on the effectiveness of UPCC than those who showed poorer understanding of plagiarism. This may indicate that further refinement of UPCC is needed to cater for learner diversity and enhance students' motivation.
Enhancing lives through information and technology: Watson davis's project for information organisation and dissemination
Authors: Mendes Luciana Corts
Published: December 2016

This paper gives a summary of the activities of Watson Davis (1896–1967) during the first half of the 20th century in the area of information organisation and dissemination. Starting from Davis's views on the purpose of information, the paper subsequently describes his projects for the establishment of “one big library”, the Auxiliary Publication Service, “one big journal”, and the “world brain”. Considering Davis as a member of the Special Libraries and Documentation Movement, his connections with its other members are explored. Subsequently, Davis's ideas are analysed and his legacy to Information Science investigated. The paper argues that Davis is an important link between Information Science and its predecessor Documentation, and therefore that he deserves to be subject of deeper research.
Toward a conceptual framework for data sharing practices in social sciences: A profile approach
Authors: Jeng Wei , He Daqing , Oh Jung Sun
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the landscape of data‐sharing practices in social sciences via the data sharing profile approach. Guided by two pre‐existing conceptual frameworks, Knowledge Infrastructure (KI) and the Theory of Remote Scientific Collaboration (TORSC), we design and test a profile tool that consists of four overarching dimensions for capturing social scientists' data practices, namely: 1) data characteristics, 2) perceived technical infrastructure, 3) perceived organizational context, and 4) individual characteristics.

To ensure that the instrument can be applied in real and practical terms, we conduct a case study by collecting responses from 93 early‐career social scientists at two research universities in the Pittsburgh Area, U.S. The results suggest that there is no significant difference, in general, among scholars who prefer quantitative, mixed method, or qualitative research methods in terms of research activities and data‐sharing practices. We also confirm that there is a gap between participants' attitudes about research openness and their actual sharing behaviors, highlighting the need to study the “barrier” in addition to the “incentive” of research data sharing.
Pixel efficiency analysis: A quantitative web analytics approach
Authors: Brown Alex , Lush Binky , Jansen Bernard J.
Published: December 2016

We present a quantitative web analytics approach tailored towards academic libraries. We introduce the construct of pixel efficiency analysis and the metrics of pixel efficiency value and conversion efficiency value for quantitatively evaluating website changes. Pixel efficiency analysis is the practice of relating screen real estate measured in pixels to the achievement of organizational goals and key performance indicators as indicated by quantifiable user behavioral interactions on a webpage. The concepts and measures are employed through a case study at a major academic library focusing on four major webpages. The first level of analysis incorporates pixel efficiency analysis within an overarching web analytics investigation to identify key areas of improvement on the selected pages. The second level of analysis improves the identified weaknesses through A/B testing and highlights the usefulness of pixel efficiency analysis. Lastly, the third level of analysis employs the usage of the pixel efficiency value to elicit the added worth that potential website changes possess.
Large‐scale log analysis of digital reading
Authors: Braslavski Pavel , Likhosherstov Valery , Petras Vivien , Gäde Maria
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we address daily reading practices of the general public in Russia analyzing 10 months of log data from the commercial ebook site Bookmate. We study different reading characteristics with ebooks, i.e. the reading volume and preferences, reading schedule, reading speed and reading style (including parallel reading patterns and book abandonment rates), with respect to reader gender, book length and genre of the book. We find that book genres impact certain reading behaviors, while gender differences or book length seem to play less of a role in ebook reading. Parallel book reading and book abandonment occur very frequently, possibly pointing towards changing reading behaviors in the ebook environment. The obtained insights demonstrate the high potential of log analysis for book reading studies.
Personality, motivations, and information quality: A comparative study across games for human computation
Authors: Pe‐Than Ei Pa Pa , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Lee Chei Sian
Published: December 2016

The popularity of games has motivated their adoption for pursuits beyond entertainment. One of the emerging strategies is the Human Computation Game (HCG) which channels players' time spent on games toward problem solving. Unlike entertainment‐oriented games, players of HCGs contribute output as a byproduct of gameplay. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between personality traits and motivations, and the differences in perceived information quality across HCGs with collaborative and competitive gameplay styles. Using a within‐subjects experimental design, 125 participants were recruited from two local universities. The findings demonstrate that the interaction between personality traits and gameplay styles influenced players' satisfaction of the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness,. Further, perceived information quality was found to differ across HCG types.
The impacts of time constraint on users' search strategy during search process
Authors: Liu Chang , Wei Yiming
Published: December 2016

This study examined the effects of time constraints on searchers' information search strategies during search process, particularly at two search stages (first round and end point). A user experiment with forty participants was conducted, and each participant was asked to search with and without time constraint. The results showed that time constraint had significant effect on users' first/mean dwell time on search engine result pages (SERPs) during the first query interval; however, time constraint did not influence their dwell time on SERPs or content pages when the whole session was considered, and it only had significant effect on the number of pages viewed per query. The findings indicated that users did employ different search strategies when searching with and without time constraint, and their search strategies changed over time within the search session. Generally, when there was no time constraint, users tended to employ economic‐style search strategy at the beginning of search; but when given time constraint, they became more selective and cautious in examining the search results. The findings of this study have implications for search system design to assist searchers under time constraint and help them search more effectively and efficiently.
Evolution of information practices over time
Authors: Greyson Devon
Published: December 2016

Although researchers have grappled with conceptualizations of time in relation to information behavior, the effect of time on information practices has been a challenge to study and theorize. Longitudinal naturalistic methods provide an opportunity to observe information practices in context over time, but have infrequently been used in information research. This paper presents a qualitative ethnographic exploration of the changes over time in the information practices of a group of young parents in Canada, a population experiencing substantial life changes as young adults and new parents both. Using grounded theory, this analysis explores time‐related processes in the lives of young parents and they ways these processes affect information practices such as seeking, sharing, and use of information. Three case examples illustrate the interplay over time of individual characteristics, setting, and events, and the impact on an individual's information practices. Based on these findings, a theoretical model to inform future investigations of information practice evolution over time is presented.
The exploration of objective task difficulty and domain knowledge effects on users' query formulation
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Xiangmin , Huang Wei
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we explore the effects of objective task difficulty and domain knowledge on users' query formulation behaviors. The dataset from a user experiment was used in this research, which focused on the medical domain. The objective difficulty was measured by the precision level of search topics (as queries) in the search system, and searchers' domain knowledge was assessed by a self‐reported rating on the familiarity with MeSH terms that were related to the search topics in the study. We compared expert searchers' and novice searchers' query similarity and query features between easy and difficult tasks. The results showed that there was no significant difference between domain experts and novices in query similarity, but there existed an opposite pattern of task difficulty effects on query similarity for searchers with different domain knowledge levels. Domain expert searchers had more diverse vocabulary in difficult tasks than in easy tasks, whereas novice searchers had to rely heavily on task descriptions to formulate their queries. Task difficulty had also influenced searchers' performance, especially the precision measure. Novice searchers' recall was relatively low in both easy and difficult tasks. The findings in this study help us further understand users' query formulation process, and have implication for the design of query suggestion functions in search systems.
Document representation methods for clustering bilingual documents
Authors: Ma Shutian , Zhang Chengzhi , He Daqing
Published: December 2016

Globalization places people in a multilingual environment. There is a growing number of users to access and share information in several languages for public or private purpose. In order to deliver relevant information in different languages, efficient multilingual documents management is worthy of study. Generally, classification and clustering are two typical methods for documents management. However, lack of training data and high efforts for corpus annotation will increase the cost for classifying multilingual documents which needs to bridge language gaps as well. Clustering is more suitable to implement in such practical applications. There are two main factors involved in documents clustering, document representation method and clustering algorithm. In this paper, we focus on document representation method and demonstrate that the choice of representation methods has impacts on quality of clustering results. In our experiment, we use parallel corpora (English‐Chinese documents on topic of technology information) and comparable corpora (English and Chinese documents on topics of mobile technology and wind energy) as dataset. We compare four different types of document representation methods: Vector Space Model, Latent Semantic Indexing, Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Doc2Vec. Experimental results show that, accuracy of Vector Space Model were not competitive with other methods in all clustering tasks. Latent Semantic Indexing is overly sensitive to corpora itself, for it behaved differently when clustering two different topics of comparable corpora. Latent Dirichlet Allocation behaves best when clustering documents in small size of comparable corpora while Doc2Vec behaves best for large documents set of parallel corpora. Accordingly, characteristics of corpora should be under considerations for rational utilization of document representation methods to have better performance.
An informed transition? International medical graduates settling in the united states and canada
Authors: Rayes Wajanat , Martin‐Hammond Aqueasha , Komlodi Anita , Caidi Nadia , Sundin Nicole
Published: December 2016

International medical graduates (IMGs) are medical professionals who have immigrated to the United States (US) or Canada (Ca) in hopes of integrating into the labor market. IMGs can be a very helpful resource supplying a diverse background and expertise to the medical system in the host country [Chen et al., ]. However, immigration and integration into a new country can be difficult processes due to differences in cultural norms, information sources, and information dissemination. In this study, we investigate the nature of information in the lived experiences of IMGs as they make a new life for themselves and their families in either the US or Canada. By so doing, we contribute to the limited body of research on this population by providing an informational perspective. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 IMGs residing in the US or Canada. Our findings indicate that IMGs spend an inordinate amount of time searching for occupational and employment‐related information, which includes information about retraining and residency programs, along with varied strategies to make sense of the new information landscapes. IMGs use various strategies to identify signposts and become conversant in the new landscape. Despite the limited sample, it becomes clear that one's ability to become literate in these new information environments leads to more positive outcomes (i.e., integrating the labor market, overall well‐being, belonging).
Intellectual capital in churches: Matching solution complexity with problem complexity
Authors: Freeburg Darin
Published: December 2016

The problems organizations face have varying degrees of complexity. What is not often understood, however, is that the knowledge needed to solve these problems also varies in complexity, and should match the complexity of the problem itself. The current study provides grounded theory for how leaders in churches should approach problems relating to Intellectual Capital (IC) assets. These intangible assets are crucial to the ability of churches to create value that enriches the lives of individuals in their communities. In two, 90‐minute focus groups, the leadership team of a United Methodist Church in South Carolina, USA was asked about their IC and their past, present, and future solutions to increasing IC value. Qualitative coding of these transcripts found that leadership often provided knowledge‐based solutions that did not match the assumed complexity of the IC problem. This caused numerous failures in the maintenance of IC. It is suggested that church leadership view all problems as knowledge problems to uncover these hidden assumptions of complexity, and use these assumptions to seek out knowledge‐based solutions that match that complexity. These findings can be extended to non‐religious contexts.
Exploring linguistic diversity of MOOCS: Implications for international development
Authors: Stratton Caroline , Grace Rob
Published: December 2016

Recent practical initiatives and academic research have signaled optimism for the use of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as an alternative model for education in the developing world. At the same time, anecdotal evidence and observation have pointed to a lack of courses offered in languages other than English as one potential challenge for global use of MOOCs. We present a first empirical attempt to characterize the linguistic diversity of MOOCs and understand the resulting implications for the use of MOOCs in international development. We find significant differences in quantities and types of MOOCs available in English and non‐English languages. This finding indicates that MOOCs do not yet provide a broad array of educational opportunities for people without adequate English‐language proficiency and therefore, MOOCs may have limited potential for use in international development outside English‐speaking populations at present. In recognition of efforts to increase linguistic diversity of MOOC offerings, we review and describe two types of initiatives, those to translate existing MOOCs and those to create new MOOCs in non‐English languages, initiatives we identify as scaling‐up or scaling‐down MOOCs respectively. To situate our findings in development discourse, we turn to Sen's capability approach () to consider implications for the use of MOOCs in socioeconomic development.
Information in crisis: Health & technology‐related information behaviors of parents in emergency departments
Authors: Given Lisa M. , Willson Rebekah , Albrecht Lauren , Scott Shannon D.
Published: December 2016

This research examined the information behavior of parents (including legal guardians) during an emergent health situation with a child. Although many studies examine health‐related information behaviors, very few explore health consumers' information practices during moments of health crisis. This study explored parents' information needs, source use, and source preferences during a visit to the emergency department. An online questionnaire was administered using iPads given to 897 parents with children at one of 32 participating general emergency departments (ED) across Canada. Before taking their child to the ED, only 38.8% (n=348) of parents looked for information; those who did search looked most frequently for information about specific symptoms or severity of illness. Prior to visiting the ED the sources most frequently accessed were the internet and direct contact with healthcare professionals. At the emergency department, parents' information needs centred on immediate concerns, including explanations of their child's illness, treatments, and care instructions. Household income, education level, and parents' age were factors that affected information seeking in emergent health situations. Overwhelmingly, speaking to a healthcare professional in person is the typical and preferred way to obtain health information when facing a health crisis involving a child. The results have implications for how and when healthcare information is shared; the findings add to the limited research on parents' information behavior, particularly their roles as information proxies for their children.
Reviewing the landscape of research on the threats to the quality of user‐generated content
Authors: Pal Anjan , Chua Alton Y. K.
Published: December 2016

The objective of the paper is to review and synthesize scholarly articles on the threats to the quality of usergenerated content (UGC). In this paper, threats to the quality of UGC are defined as the perpetration of misleading information caused by the lack of editorial control. They include deception, disinformation, manipulation, misinformation and rumors whose veracity cannot be easily established. In particular, this paper identifies (a) the research objectives that had been investigated, (b) the research methods that had been employed, and (c) the disciplines that studied the threats to the quality of UGC. The dominant research objective includes investigating the dynamics of threats. The most widely adopted research methods include quantitative analysis of real world data. This area of research was found to attract both intra‐disciplinary and inter‐disciplinary scholarly attention. It even attracted attention from practitioners affiliated to non‐academic institutes. Finally, this paper serves as a call for scholars to identify possible ways to mitigate the threats to the quality of UGC. It also encourages the use of qualitative approaches.
Methods for user‐centered design and evaluation of text analysis tools in a digital history project
Authors: Heuwing Ben , Mandl Thomas , Womser‐Hacker Christa
Published: December 2016

This paper reports on the user centered, formative evaluation of tools and the validation of models for the analysis of historical textbooks in the context of the digital history project Children and their World. The goal of the project is to create methods for computer‐supported, interactive analysis that can be applied to a large corpus of historical textbooks on history and geography (∼5000 volumes). A first version of a tool for text analysis has been created based on a user centered design process, including a contextual study on current work practices of historians, participative design workshops, and the prioritization of requirements with the project stakeholders. In addition, several generations of text models used in these tools have been iteratively evaluated by the historians in the project. In the context of a cooperative validation study, researchers have used these tools to examine existing hypotheses from the field. The method enables the validation of text models regarding established knowledge, provides additional insights into the requirements for tools and visualizations, and helps to strengthen the expert users' trust in the tools. Based on the findings, this paper proposes four principles for the analysis of a corpus of historical texts. Moreover, the methods presented are discussed regarding the application of user centered design in the context of digital humanities projects.
“We're not allowed”: Public librarians' perspectives on providing health information to library users experiencing homelessness
Authors: Williams Rachel D.
Published: December 2016

This paper describes the results of a qualitative study involving interviews with twelve public librarians about their experiences interacting with library users experiencing homelessness. The study examines the kinds of health information seeking experiences public librarians have, how public librarians respond to the health information needs of homeless library users, and the challenges public librarians undergo as they work to provide health and other information services to homeless individuals. The interviews show that public librarians have mixed experiences providing health information to homeless library users. Some viewed health information needs as a top‐level concern, while others viewed health information as a lower priority need when compared to housing and food. Public librarians described several challenges when providing information services to homeless individuals related to professional roles, crisis management, the stigma of homelessness, privacy/confidentiality, and the library acting as a day shelter. Identifying the experiences and challenges of public librarians as they assist homeless library users is an initial step in creating more effective modes of providing services to this population.
The public will vs. the public trust: Early american radio as a public information resource
Authors: Wykle Stacy S.
Published: December 2016

Over the century that has transpired since the first public broadcasts aired in the US, radio programming has become a staunchly commercial enterprise. The earliest radio broadcasts, by contrast, were seen as public goods to be protected in the interest of neutrality of the information being conveyed. In the late 1920s and early 1930s a range of colorful individuals contracted with stations in order to broadcast news and information that involved the sale of personal and medical consultations to individual listeners. Astrology, in particular, became a significant factor in Federal Radio Commission (FRC) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license renewal hearings due to two main perceptions: (1) because such broadcasts constituted point‐to‐point transmission of information, and (2) because such programs were usually related to the marketing of some product or involved the solicitation of funds, therefore, they were deemed to be contrary the interests of the public at large. While the mandate of the FRC and FCC did not involve oversight of content or outright censorship, these hearings nonetheless effectually resulted in the development of guidelines that banned certain types of broadcasts and sometimes shuttered local stations entirely. For a brief time during these decades, educational and cultural institutions benefitted from the utopian ethos of these federal regulatory efforts. During this time science journalism emerged and scientists themselves experimented with the new medium as a means of public edification. Discussion of the early history of radio broadcasting in the US is relevant to the core concerns of information science and technology research given that its development gave shape to the social practices and legal principles surrounding public use of and access to the ICTs (information and communications technologies) that emerged in its wake—from television programming to the provision of Internet service.
A study of informal communication among fishery scientists
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Ke Hao‐Ren
Published: December 2016

Informal communication between scientists is generally believed to contribute to the sharing of knowledge and expertise. We conducted a qualitative research study to explore informal communication behaviors of scientists at the Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute (TFRI). The study examines the two main concepts of Luo's research framework: communication zones and information exchange. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with fifteen scientists from different departments at TFRI between February and April, 2016. Each interview took 45 min on average. The interviews were audio‐recorded and analyzed thematically, and two key themes were identified. The results reveal the factors affecting information exchange among fishery scientists and reveal that proximity assists informal communication. Fishery scientists tend to prefer face‐to‐face communication. Availability of support, which is financial, moral, or both, from a supervisor is an important incentive in facilitating communication behaviors. It establishes a basic foundation for scientists' informal communication in the future. Because the sample is small, future research should be expanded to an inter‐organization scale in order to understand the informal communication behavior of different organizations.
A study on the academic and research impact of shared contents in institutional repositories in related to performance indicators of university rankings
Authors: Tsunoda Hiroyuki , Sun Yuan , Nishizawa Masaki , Liu Xiaomin
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate (a) the current established institutional repositories of the most excellent universities worldwide, (b) the total amount of contents in the individual institutional repositories, and (c) the correlation between the total amount of contents in institutional repositories and the scores of university ranking performance indicators.
Are self‐assessment of search ability and performance reliable?
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Lu , Song Xiaoxuan
Published: December 2016

This study examined users' self‐rated search ability with their objective search performance, their subjective assessed search performance, and the accuracy of subjective assessments. Thirty students were recruited for the lab mode online search competition. Participants were asked to rate their search abilities before searching, and predict search performance after searching. The results showed that users' self‐rated search ability was not related to their objective search performance in this search competition. As for subjective evaluation of their search performance, no significant difference was found on predicted‐as‐right, predicted‐as‐unsureness rate, or the correct and incorrect prediction rates. Besides 70% of correct predictions, all searchers tended to overestimate their search performance, but self‐rated low searchers had more chance to predict their answers to the search tasks as wrong and underestimated their search performance sometimes. This study is an exploratory examination on users' self‐rated search ability, and has implications to understand how searchers evaluate their search abilities and search performance.
Character interaction network analysis of chinese literary work‐ A preliminary study
Authors: CHEN Bikun , WANG Yuefen
Published: December 2016

Considering the shortages of character interaction network analysis from literary work by literary theorists and computer scientists, this paper combined their methods and conducted qualitative and quantitative approach to extract and analyze character interaction network from literary text. Firstly, it proposed the analysis framework of character interaction network from literary work: one‐mode and two‐mode network analysis. One‐mode network analysis was applied in macro‐level (chapters), meso‐level (social events) and micro‐level (character dialogues). Two‐mode network analysis was applied in meso‐level (social events). Then two literary scholars manually extracted social events and character dialogues from the fiction “Journey to the West Prequel” and manually recognized characters in different levels. Then it constructed the one‐mode and two‐mode matrices based on the proposed standard formula which was based on the idea of co‐occurrence. Different matrices were computed and visualized by SNA software. The results validated by literary scholars showed that the proposed analysis framework was applicable in interpreting and revealing the contents of the fiction. Finally, the discussions and further researches were summarized.
Children's eye‐fixations on google search results
Authors: Bilal Dania , Gwizdka Jacek
Published: December 2016

We investigate how children in grades 6 and 8 (ages 11 and 13, respectively) read search engine results pages (SERPs) in the context of searching Google. We use eye‐tracking to detect children's reading of SERPs, and the effect of grade level and task type on reading behaviors and interactions. We have created a web search interface that retrieved data in the background from Google search engine. Preliminary findings show a significant difference in the number of reading fixations by grade level. Grade level or age had a more significant effect on reading behaviors, fixations, first result rank, and interactions with SERPs than task type. Findings and future work are discussed.
Developing integrated research data management support in close relation to doctoral students' research practices
Authors: Fransson Jonas , Lagunas Pablo Tapia , Kjellberg Sara , Toit Madeleine du
Published: December 2016

The quest for open research data is the driving force behind the development of the whole area of research data management practices. We, as a university library, offer and develop support to researchers and doctoral students. Based on the result of a web survey submitted to all researchers at Malmö University, and the knowledge that doctoral students are on their way of forming their individual research practices, we have made doctoral students our first target group for specific seminars and workshops promoting conscious research data management practices. We will organise these seminars and workshops, which both take into account the general aspects of research data management and the discipline specific practices, so as to develop integrated research data management support in close relation to doctoral students' research practices.
Digital storytelling and memory institutions: A case study using activity theory
Authors: Detlor Brian , Hupfer Maureen E. , Smith David Harris
Published: December 2016

This paper describes a case study investigation of a city‐wide digital storytelling initiative led by two libraries and one municipal cultural department in Hamilton, Canada. Data collection involved one‐on‐one interviews, document review, and participant observations with governance stakeholders from the two libraries and municipal cultural department involved in the case study. Using activity theory as a conceptual framework, data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. A variety of factors – motivations, goals, actions, tools, rules, divisions of labour, tensions and contradictions – were found to influence the implementation of the digital storytelling initiative under investigation. Importantly, activity theory provided a robust, holistic framework for understanding and describing the phenomenon of digital storytelling initiatives led by memory institutions.
Do medical professionals tag images differently from non‐medical professionals? An implication of retrieving user‐generated images of everyday medical situations
Authors: Chiu Ming‐Hsin Phoebe , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Chu Kai‐Ying , Lin Chia‐Chi , Yeung Shing
Published: December 2016

Mobile photography not only allows people to take and share photos of everyday life, but also demonstrates the capability of emergency and crisis reporting at a critical moment. These images of everyday medical situations help the public understand the first‐hand situation of those dramatic events, and facilitate the medical professionals to allocate medical resources and effectively diagnose. However, as the world is becoming more globalized and the communication between physician and patients is becoming more difficult as the healthcare practice becomes more complex, to be able to more effectively retrieval these user‐generated images scattered throughout the Internet is of great importance. Social tagging is one such approach of managing and discovering photos for specific use. In response to the research gap and practical challenges, this study employs between‐subject quasi‐experiment method to investigate the tagging behavior of users of images of everyday medical situations. It aims to identify the differences of image tagging behaviors between two socially distinct groups, medical professionals and non‐medical professionals. Results of the study may contribute to the increase of awareness and understanding of social media in healthcare, and the development of tag‐based medical image retrieval service that is socio‐cultural sensitive.