bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As perguntas dos estudantes para o ensino de Ciências: um meio de identificar problemas conceituais
Authors: Mertins Simone , Da Silva Carla Melo , Rosa Marcelo Amaral , Güntzel Ramos Maurivan
Published: April 2021

Este estudo buscou responder à seguinte pergunta norteadora: De que modo as perguntas propostas por estudantes de Ensino Fundamental e Médio revelam os problemas conceituais que os estudantes têm em relação aos conceitos científicos?  Os participantes foram 187 estudantes de quatro turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental e de quatro turmas de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, provenientes de quatro escolas públicas de diferentes cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Após observarem um experimento em que ocorreu a extinção da chama de uma vela por ação do gás carbônico, os estudantes propuseram 603 perguntas sobre suas dúvidas e interesses em relação ao fenômeno observado. Para esse estudo, o corpus foi recortado, com vistas às perguntas que continham problemas conceituais. Desse modo, analisamos 63 perguntas dos estudantes de Ensino Médio e 40 perguntas dos estudantes de Ensino Fundamental. Essas perguntas foram categorizadas em relação aos problemas conceituais presentes, por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados indicam que, em ambos os níveis de ensino, a forma como a proposição de ensino é executada está falha. Daí a relevância desse estudo, que aponta as perguntas dos estudantes e sua utilização como retomada das abordagens em sala de aula, a fim de sanar as compreensões equivocadas.
O que é ciência? Uma análise das concepções prévias de docentes em formação inicial
Authors: Oestreich Laura , Paim Matheus Gutler , Breunig Eduarda Tais , Goldschmidt Andréa Inês
Published: April 2021

presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as concepções prévias sobre Ciência e as implicações do trabalho científico para a sociedade entre acadêmicos do terceiro semestre de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas de uma universidade localizada no interior do RS. O percurso metodológico se baseou numa abordagem qualitativa, onde 36 estudantes responderam à questão “O que é Ciência?” em uma folha de papel. Esse material foi recolhido e analisado conforme a análise de conteúdo. Posteriormente, dividimos os alunos em grupos com quatro integrantes e distribuímos um envelope com 20 imagens. Desta vez, os alunos deveriam organizar um cartaz classificando as imagens que julgavam ter alguma relação com a Ciência ou não. Este material foi recolhido e analisado de forma interpretativa. Os resultados evidenciam que a maioria dos futuros professores possuem uma concepção empirista da Ciência. Além disso, as implicações diretas da atividade científica, tanto benéficas, quanto nocivas para a sociedade são percebidas. Ainda assim, as consequências sociais, como a “Fome” e o “Trabalho infantil” não foram relacionados à Ciência pelos estudantes. Ao fim, sinalizamos a importância desse tema permear os processos formativos a fim de permitir ao futuro professor desconstruir, reconstruir e/ou ampliar suas concepções sobre a Ciência
Elaborando uma análise ator-rede sobre o Role Playing Game “energizando”
Authors: Sousa Raquel Gonçalves de , Silva Fábio Augusto Rodrigues e
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta um estudo sobre os elementos humanos e não humanos, que foram arregimentados durante a criação do roteiro para o Role Playing Game “Energizando”. O referencial teórico-metodológico principal da pesquisa foi a Teoria Ator-Rede, que nos permitiu investigar, no texto desenvolvido para o jogo pedagógico, seu potencial para mobilizar processos de ensino e aprendizagem sobre energia e suas transformações. A análise textual foi realizada com o suporte do software Iramuteq por meio da geração de árvores de similitude, que propiciaram o rastreamento de interações entre os diferentes elementos mobilizados na narrativa. Elas confirmaram que o conceito de energia esteve presente na rede sociotécnica tecida no texto como um processo de equilibração e indicaram que o jogo pode ser um recurso didático importante para a aprendizagem de um dos temas mais importantes para o ensino de Ciências.
Prática como Componente Curricular em cursos de licenciatura: um estado do conhecimento
Authors: Silva Emanuelly Wouters , Sartori Jerônimo
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem relação com a complexidade que perpassa a formação inicial de professores e o próprio universo da educação escolar. O estudo representa parte dos procedimentos metodológicos traçados para uma investigação no Mestrado Profissional em Educação, com o objetivo de: “investigar teses e dissertações sobre a Prática como Componente Curricular em cursos de licenciatura entre os anos de 2008 e 2018”. O Estado do Conhecimento foi elaborado por meio da busca no acervo da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações - BDTD, no período de 2008-2018, tendo, como descritores: prática como componente curricular, saberes docentes e formação inicial de professores. Os achados mostram a relevância do Estado do Conhecimento e a escassez de pesquisas que tratem da prática como componente curricular articulada com a formação docente.
Investigando os motivos para ensinar Ciências às novas gerações
Authors: Lunardi Larissa , Emmel Rúbia
Published: April 2021

: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o modelo de Investigação-Formação-Ação em Ciências (IFAC) nos processos de formação docente inicial de Ciências e Biologia e as compreensões sobre os motivos para ensinar Ciências às novas gerações. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa e documental. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi escritas narrativas realizadas, em diários de formação, por 14 licenciandos matriculados no componente curricular de Prática enquanto Componente Curricular III do 3º semestre de um curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas. A perspectiva de análise adotada foi a Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) elaborada por meio de processos de unitarização, categorização e comunicação. A partir da ATD emergiram três categorias: Ciências e cotidiano; Ciências para preservar o meio ambiente; e Ciências para ser crítico. A partir dessas categorias, percebeu-se que as escritas narrativas permitem aos licenciandos, no movimento de IFAC, a reflexão sobre os motivos para ensinar Ciências, os quais fazem parte da sua constituição docente e que estarão refletidos em suas futuras práticas pedagógicas.
Cartografia dos trabalhos publicados no ENPEC acerca do Ensino de Ciências para os sujeitos com Espectro Autista
Authors: Nonenmacher Sandra Elisabet Bazana , Keske Cátia , Ernst Daniela Carolina , Rigodanzo Sirlei
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa qualitativa faz uso da cartografia, aqui entendida enquanto diferente léxico deleuziano e guattariano, operada como possibilidade metodológica, investigativa e intervencionista desenvolvida como um plano de pensamento para operacionalizar as investigações realizadas em anais de evento de todas as edições do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC), tendo como descritores a palavra Autismo ou TEA (Transtorno do Espectro Autista). A temática de pesquisa foi definida pela necessidade de incorporar, no Ensino de Ciências, reflexões e possibilidades de diferentes metodologias que contemplem a premissa da inclusão, nos seus diferentes âmbitos. Como as estatísticas apontam um número significativo de crianças com TEA no Brasil, este foi o foco delimitado neste artigo. O mapeamento realizado apontou somente três trabalhos que, apesar de contemplarem metodologias e conteúdos distintos de Ciências, se aproximam pelo uso de recursos visuais e interativos. Dessa maneira, identificamos com preocupação o reduzido número de trabalhos que abordam esse tema e apontamos a urgência de novas pesquisas na área, justamente num momento histórico de alteração na legislação pertinente a Educação Inclusiva.
Cinética química: um modelo didático para o estudo de reações de 2ª ordem
Authors: Tomé Gabriela Mariano , Jorge Amanda Trovati , Sachs Juliane Priscila Diniz , Sachs Luís Guilherme
Published: April 2021

A cinética química tem sido apontada por professores e estudantes como um conteúdo difícil de se ensinar e aprender significativamente. Em parte, as dificuldades de aprendizagem significativa desse conteúdo advêm dos métodos de ensino descontextualizados, que desconsideram os conhecimentos prévios e experiências dos estudantes. Por outro lado, muitas vezes, essas dificuldades decorrem da complexidade do conteúdo para os quais os estudantes não dispõem ou não conseguem acessar subsunçores para estabelecerem vínculos com o conteúdo, entre outras coisas. A esse respeito, os modelos didáticos podem atuar para a construção e/ou disponibilização de subsunçores na estrutura cognitiva dos estudantes para que esses consigam estabelecer relações substantivas com as representações científicas e, assim, aprenderem significativamente. Tendo isso em consideração, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de elaborar um modelo didático experimental com características ou comportamentos análogos aos eventos e objetos estudados pela cinética química de 2ª ordem e que possa servir para auxiliar o professor a mediar a aprendizagem significativa desse conteúdo. No ensaio de elaboração do modelo, foram usados 12 conjuntos de baralhos de 54 cartas cada; os pares de cartas, que eram da cor escolhida, simulavam o produto da reação, sendo retiradas do jogo. Cada rodada realizada foi associada a uma unidade de tempo. O teste preliminar demonstrou que o modelo construído possuí alguns aspectos análogos àqueles que envolvem os eventos da cinética química de segunda ordem, indicando potencialidade para atuar como um modelo didático para a facilitação da aprendizagem significativa do conteúdo.
Os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia como Sistemas Sociais Autopoiéticos
Authors: De Albuquerque Renato Avellar , Pizzato Michelle Camara
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, como representativo do conjunto dos Institutos Federais (IFs), analisado sob a perspectiva da Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais, desenvolvido pelo sociólogo Niklas Luhmann, em sua função voltada à oferta e apoio ao ensino de ciências. Os autores buscam mostrar como os IFs se comportam enquanto um sistema autopoiético do tipo organizacional, tendo um de seus sentidos originais a tarefa de se tornar uma instituição de referência e excelência no ensino de ciências. Através da análise dos documentos normativos, das atas de colegiado de um curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza e de entrevistas, é possível identificar mecanismos de adaptação e atualização institucional. A conclusão aponta que o modelo teórico traduz as observações de funcionamento dos IFs e pode indicar como estes mecanismos transformam decisões e autorreferências em funções institucionais, traduzindo políticas públicas em práticas sociais.
Material para o Ensino de Ciências para Crianças com Limitações Comunicativas: Proposta de Análise Semiológica de Cartões do Picture Exchange Communication System
Authors: Gomes Paulo César , Siqueira Alexandra Bujokas de , Moura Tiago Fernando Alves de
Published: April 2021

Signos visuais estão presentes em materiais instrucionais utilizados na educação da Pessoa com Deficiência (PcD), em especial neste estudo, as pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de um estudo exploratório na modalidade de Pesquisa Documental. Nosso objetivo neste artigo consistiu em realizar uma análise de imagens do corpo humano extraídas de cartões do Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) disponíveis em um Blog de acesso público: http://pecsemportugues.blogspot.com/2008/06/corpo-humano.html. Os resultados demonstraram que: (i) invariavelmente, existem signos visuais e verbo-visuais arbitrários entre si, assim como apresentam signos que não apresentam correspondência direta entre o signo visual, a escritura e o corpo humano real; (ii) as imagens utilizadas no PECS, assim como quaisquer outras imagens, colonizam os aprendizes na prevalência de aspectos culturais não universais (não hegemônicos): cor da cútis, prevalentemente, branca; aspectos relacionados ao gênero e papéis sexuais masculinos e femininos, além do uso de estereótipos em relação a signos arbitrários que, não necessariamente, representam os diferentes contextos educativos da criança autista. Conclui-se, portanto, que a utilização dos cartões PECS requer cuidado e consideração semiológica por parte dos educadores.
Uma proposta para o Ensino de Física por meio de problematizações
Authors: França Samira Cassote Grandi , Gomes Luciano Carvalhais , França Júnior Marcelo Christiano da
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo cujo objetivo foi identificar e analisar as estatégias utilizadas por professores de Física sobre os conceitos da Termodinâmica presente em periódicos e eventos nacionais do Ensino de Física, além de apresentar estratégias que venha tornar este ensino mais significativo ao aluno. Os dados foram construídos primeiramente por uma seleção dos periódicos por meio do portal de periódicos da CAPES que apresentassem qualis A1 e A2 no novo qualis, e posteriormente realizou-se um levantamento de trabalhos publicados e apresentados em eventos no período de 2010 a 2020. Os trabalhos foram analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo. Entre os conceitos mais estudados está o de calor, temperatura e processos de transferência, e as estratégias vão desde experimentos, simulações, problematizações, textos e questionários. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade da exploração dos significados e diferenciação dos conceitos de calor e temperatura, por se tratar dos conceitos base da Termodinâmica e apesar da eficiência de algumas abordagens, destaca-se a necessidade da clareza dos objetivos e focos pretendidos com o recurso utilizado e os delineamentos após sua utilização para que estes não recaiam em apenas ludicidade.
THE ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE FAULTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE RECOVERY BOILER
Authors:   St Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Kovalev Dmitrii A.
Published: April 2021

The analysis of technological processes for a real control object-a recovery boiler is performed in order to determine faults and possible emergency situations. The recovery boiler is considered as a complex control object (in which a chemical reactor is combined with a steam power boiler), which is advisable to decompose into several interconnected subsystems. The study was carried out in accordance with the HAZOP application manual in the form of a qualitative analysis of faults and possible abnormal situations in the recovery boiler. The study was conducted in accordance with the decomposition of the recovery boiler for each constituent of the interconnected subsystems. As a result of research, for each of the subsystems of the recovery boiler, HAZOP work tables were developed that allow you to identify root frames-linked to specific causes of possible faults.
DEFINITION OF THE CATEGORY OF ROOMS FOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE HAZARDS USING ONTOLOGICAL SIMULATION
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin  State Technical University of Saratov, Shulga Tatiana E. , Nikulina Yuliya V. ,   Yuri Gagarin  State Technical University of Saratov
Published: April 2021

The article formalizes the task of determining the category of premises for explosion and fire hazard in accordance with regulatory documents. A systematic analysis of the process of its solution is carried out and a model of the subject area in the form of an ontology is proposed. Based on the analysis of the regulatory documentation, the scheme for determining the category of the premises was formalized in the form of an algorithm. The authors have identified the main criteria for determining the belonging of a room to a certain category. Examples of using the algorithm for determining the category of a room on real practical problems are considered. The ontological model obtained as a result of the analysis is used as the basis for the decision support system.
OXIDATION KINETICS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY АЖ2.4М5.3МГ1.1Ц4КР3, ALLOYED WITH TIN, IN SOLID STATE
Authors:   Tajik Technical University named after M. S. Osimi, Davlatov Orif Sh. , Ganiev Izatullo N. ,   Tajik Technical University named after M. S. Osimi, Odinazoda Haydar Odina ,   Tajik Technical University named after M. S. Osimi, Rajabaliev Safomudin S. ,   Tajik Technical University named after M. S. Osimi
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this work was to find out the features of oxidation of the aluminum alloy АЖ2.4М5.3Мг1.1Ц4Кр3 doped with tin and to develop new alloy compositions with improved characteristics. The thermogravimetric method was used to determine the oxidation kinetics of the aluminum alloy АЖ2.4М5.3Мг1.1Ц4Кр3, containing up to 0.5 wt% tin. The results showed that the process of weight gain of alloys during first 15-20 minutes of oxidation grows intensively, and then acquires an almost constant value. Oxide films formed at the beginning of the oxidation process did not possess protective properties, that fact explains an increase in the rate of oxidation of alloys with temperature in the first period. An increase in the rate of oxidation of alloy samples with temperature is noted. As well, the results revealed that tin at concentrations of 0.01 - 0.5 wt.% reduces the oxidability of the initial alloy, which is accompanied by an increase in the apparent activation energy from 82.1 to 104.3 kJ/mol.
STUDY OF CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLOARENES EXTRACTION IN A PACKED BED COLUMN
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Flisiuk Оleg М. , Gaile Alexander A. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Konstantinov Valeriy A. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Likhachev Ilya G. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Borisova Ekaterina I. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2021

Experimental study of the extraction of polycycloarenes from a mixture of heavy vacuum gas oil and deasphalted oil extract in a packed bed column was carried out. Extraction process was performed using a mixed extractant N-methylpyrrolidone/ethylene glycol. The description of the experimental apparatus, the experimental techniques and the results of the experiment are presented.
HEAT EXCHANGE IN A PLANE CHANNEL IN A TURBULENT FLOW REGIME IN THE CASE OF SMALL VALUES OF PRANDTL NUMBER ACCORDING TO DATA OF DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Chesnokov Yurii G.
Published: April 2021

Using the results obtained by the method of direct numerical simulation of the heat transfer process in a flat channel by various authors, it is shown that at small values of Prandtl number quite a few characteristics of the heat transfer process in a flat channel depend not on Reynolds and Prandtl numbers separately, but on Peclet number. Peclet number is calculated from the so-called dynamic speed
MONITORING OF CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MAJOR RIVERS OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC
Authors:   Chechen state University, Askhabova Hazan N. , Ilkhayeva Zara S. ,   Chechen state University, Soltamuradov Gelani D. ,   Chechen state University
Published: April 2021

Environmental monitoring of two major rivers of the Chechen Republic, such as the Terek and the Sunzha, from 2013 to 2017 revealed that the hydrochemical composition of river water meets the requirements of hygiene standards. Water analysis was performed according to the following parameters: permanganate oxidability, dissolved oxygen, dry residue, biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The content of chloride, nitrate and sulfate ions also met the hygiene standards
HIGHER SCHOOL EDUCATION QUALITY FORECASTING BY REGRESSION ANALYSIS METHODS
Authors:   Kamyshin technological institute (branch) of Volgograd state technical university, Kharitonov Ivan M. , Krushel Elena G. ,   Kamyshin technological institute (branch) of Volgograd state technical university, Privalov Oleg O. ,   Kamyshin technological institute (branch) of Volgograd state technical university, Stepanchenko Ilya V. ,   Kamyshin technological institute (branch) of Volgograd state technical university, Stepanchenko Olga V. ,   Kamyshin technological institute (branch) of Volgograd state technical university
Published: April 2021

In addition to the career guidance measures, the computer-aided facilities are proposed to assist secondary school graduates in choosing the appropriate direction of higher school speciality and in the estimation of the perspectives of the future education process achievements. The facilities are based on the multivariate linear regression model used for forecasting the education quality at senior years of a higher school. The model is based on a vector of predictor factors; the components of that vector are the data of secondary school education results in the disciplines, which are essential for successful study at the chosen speciality, and the data of characteristic marks of a candidate’s general abilities level and diligence. The education quality index is formed as the middle value of the expert estimations assigned by the lecturers for each senior university year student in accordance with the accepted mark scale. An approach efficiency example is presented for the forecasting of the successful study of the computer science disciplines.
AN INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF THE DYNAMICS OF RISKS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   N.G. Chernyshevskiy Saratov  State University, Veshneva1 Irina V. , Chernyshova Galina Yu. . ,   N.G. Chernyshevskiy Saratov  State University, Bolshakov Alexander A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: April 2021

It was revealed that there are no generally accepted methods for assessing competitiveness; modern research is mainly a theoretical analysis of regional competitiveness. It was substantiated that the use of mathematical models and quantitative methods will improve the objectivity of the assessment. A methodology for an information system design for analysis and prediction of the dynamics of risks of competitiveness of regions of the Russian Federation was proposed. The prospects and directions of intellectualization of that system were shown. Based on the analysis of officially published statistical data and information from the regions and the proposed methodology, methods of systematization of socio-economic indicators were designed. An information system module was developed to implement the model based on the Kolmogorov-Chapman equations for assessing the risks of regional competitiveness and its validation was carried out
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING HYDROGEN FROM NATURAL GAS
Authors:   «KINEF» Ltd., Zhukov Igor V. , Novozhilov Nikita G. ,   «KINEF» Ltd., Kharazov Viktor G. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses a plant for the production of hydrogen from natural gas and ways to optimize the technological process. A schematic diagram of section 4100 of the installation for the production of hydrogen-containing gas (HCG) with hydrogen concentration of 99.9% is presented. The control tasks of the hydrogen production unit during deep oil refining using an advanced process control system (APCS) are defined. The results of simulation of the APCS controller functioning at external disturbance are presented. An algorithm for the automatic regulation of loading of section 4100 is proposed
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OPTIMAL OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF THE START-UP AND THE OPERATION OF THE REACTOR CASCADE
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Kholodnov Vladislav A. , Krasnoborodko Denis A. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Kulishenko Roman Yu. ,   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Chulin Sergey L. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: April 2021

In the article on the example of isomerization in the cascade of reactors with countercurrent cooling the computer modeling of optimal operational control of start-up and operation of the cascade of reactors is considered. The decision of optimization tasks was performed within Mathcad using the developed original optimization procedure using Mminimize and procedures Rkadapt to solve the system of differential equations and Matlab using the fmincon optimization procedures, genetic algorithm and procedure ode15s to solve the system of differential equations. Fragments of programs and results of the solution using Mathcad, Matlab are given
FORECASTING THE FINANCIAL CRISIS BASED ON DIFFERENT MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ENTERPRISE BANKRUPTCY
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Accounting and Finance Department, Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia, ZUBAREV I. S.
Published: April 2021

The author explores the relationship between the age of a company and its financial position in the market by comparing a unique data set of financially unstable and stable small and medium-sized enterprises. The results show that at certain stages of the organization's life activity, determined by age quartiles, various causes of failure prevail. While newly opened organizations mostly fail due to internal weaknesses, mature small and medium-sized enterprises are more likely to be competitive in a way that leads to economic decline.
CHINA'S VIEWS ON THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE XXI CENTURY: THE CONCEPT OF A COMMUNITY OF SHARED DESTINY FOR HUMANITY
Authors:   Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow Russia, GORDIENKO D. V.
Published: April 2021

The paper considers the assessment of the impact of the possible consequences of the implementation of the Chinese concept of the Community of a Single Destiny of Humanity on the system of international relations in the XXI century and ensuring the national security of the People's Republic of China, the United States of America and the Russian Federation. An approach to the assessment of the above – mentioned influence and changes in the policy of the states of the strategic triangle Russia – China – USA is proposed, which allows identifying the policy priorities of these countries in different regions of the world. The results of the assessment can be used to justify recommendations to the military and political leadership of our country.
Evolution of the Abortion Law and its Practice in Poland Against the Background of the Current Legal Framework in New Zealand
Authors: Eska-Mikołajewska Justyna
Published: April 2021

The article presents a comparative study on abortion legislation in Poland and New Zealand. It includes a historical overview of the social and political influences shaping the contemporary approach to abortion in these countries. The aim of the article is to discuss the changes to the Polish and New Zealand abortion legislation and the current procedures required to access abortion. This article highlights differences in approaches to this issue in both countries where abortion laws have evolved recently in opposite directions. In New Zealand, after removing abortion from the Crimes Act 1961, abortion ceased to be the subject to criminal law, while in Poland where one of the strictest anti-abortion laws had been in force already, a ban was imposed on abortion which made it practically impossible for women to access legal abortions.
Au seuil de l’École de Tunis.
Authors: Messaoudi Alain
Published: April 2021

On the occasion of the inauguration of the first gallery founded by artists in Tunis, the painters Moses Levy, Pierre Boucherle, Antonio Corpora and Jules Lellouche published in 1936 a manifesto affirming their autonomy, beyond mercantile logics and national assignments. However, a national reading of their works prevailed in the press, at that time. This article proposes to put this founding event of the « École de Tunis » into context, by reinscribing it in a century-old history. This past is marked by the presence of French and Italian artists between 1840 and 1880, by the failure of a policy of asserting a French artistic model with an aborted project for a French museum around 1890, and by the affirmation of an artistic life characterised since the 1910s by its pluralism and even its eclecticism. This article thus intends to contribute, through the example of pictorial production, to the historicisation of discourses on the plurality or cultural identity of Tunisia, which are still today objects of debate.
Critical Discourse Analysis of the Editorial Coverage of Osama Bin Laden Operation by the Pakistani Media
Authors: Zulfiqar Amna , Asif Sadaf , Siddiqua Ayesha
Published: April 2021

The article is intended to compare and analyze the media discourse in the editorials of two daily English newspapers of Pakistan in the context of one of the most controversial antiterrorist operation which is named as the Osama Bin Laden (OBL) operation. For this purpose editorials of two leading English newspapers of Pakistan i.e., Dawn and The News were selected from 3rd May, 2011, to 26th August, 2011. Moreover, the current study employed the method of critical discourse analysis and has also studied the theoretical notion of agenda setting and framing. Results reveal that The News used very strong, rather harsh vocabulary during the editorial coverage of OBL operation. Whereas, Dawn adopted literary phrases and less harsh tone to cover OBL operation. Also, editorials of both the newspapers constructed similar frames such as “failure of military establishment” and “security lapse” throughout the coverage of OBL operation
Decoding the wordplay: Speech act analysis of headlines predicting the future
Authors: Rustam Rabiah , Bacha Mian Shah
Published: April 2021

Present article attempts to analyze the role of the pragmatic markers or illocutionary force indicating devices in the speech acts of prediction. The headlines play a significant role in making a news story readable and approaching large number of audience. The headlines used in the present article were taken from CNN website. These headlines cover a variety of stories related with Pakistan. As the headlines communicate more than what is said they have been treated as speech acts. Searle (1969) defines speech act as a minimum unit of communication which is illocutionary in nature and creates an impact on the mind of the reader. Keeping, this definition in view, the headlines are speech acts that affect the readers. Current study is limited to the headlines that are related to prediction or forecasting the future state of affairs.The detailed analysis of the speech acts finds that the interpretation of the headlines depends on the language devices which help in shaping the illocutionary functions of the speech acts in collaboration with the context. It has also been found that the headlines use negative words more often than the positive ones in an attempt to take the reeaders to the detailed stories.
Saima Waheed Lecturer at School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology
Authors: Waheed Saima , Bajwa Ms. Sarosh , Khushi Ms. Sana
Published: April 2021

This study analyzed the effect of exposure to a TV storyline on “Khuda Mera Bhai” and “Alif Allah Aur Insan” (ARY Digital & HUM TV) and complementary effects of screening other TV series featuring transgender individuals. Researcher has done content analysis and constructed a coding sheet regarding transgender issues which highlighted in these two selected dramas of two different channels. After watching all relevant episodes of both dramas, coders had filled coding sheet given by researcher. Content Analysis disclosed the exposure of both selected dramas Khuda Mera Bhi hai and Alif Allah Aur Insan.Depicting the storylines of transgender individuals were affiliated with more supportive attitudes towards transgender characters and their issues. Attitudes of more conservative TV audience became more and more positive as they saw more media portrayals of transgender individuals. The findings highlighted the potential for entertainment content to influence attitudes toward minority groups.
Implementation of an LDPC decoder for IEEE 802.11n using VivadoTM High-Level Synthesis
Authors: Scheiber Ernest , Bruck Guido H. , Jung Peter
Published: April 2021

The increasing complexity of hardware designs calls for design methodolgies that use more abstract design entries and increased automation of the implementation process. Highlevel synthesis (HLS) has been a research topic for the past 20 years, and current tools, such as Xilinx VivadoTM HLS promise to bring HLS to widespread use. In this paper we use Xilinx VivadoTMHLS to design an LDPC decoder for 802.11n. Forward error correction decoders are typically implemented in hardware due to the high processing requirements and therefore an LDPC decoder is an appropriate example to demonstrate the power of high-level synthesis
PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS ON PALEOANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM RURAL BURIALS OF 14th—16th CENTURIES FROM THE TERRITORY OF POLOTSK LAND
Authors: Hrytskevich D. S.
Published: April 2021

Paleopathology deals with the identification and research of diseases that are fixed on the osteological material of ancient people. This anthropological direction, using a variety of methods, answers the questions of the origin and spread of diseases in ancient populations. The results of such studies help to reveal the following aspects: the influence of the environment, and consequently the adaptation of a person to its changes, professional occupations of the population, and related types of physical activity, diet, causes of physiological stress and the level of development of medicine. The aim of the study is to assess the incidence of the rural population of the Belarusian Dvina region of the 14th—16th centuries by conducting a paleopathological study of bone material. During the study, an anthropological examination of the remains of 72 people belonging to the rural population of the 14th—16th centuries was carried out. The osteological material was obtained during the archaeological excavations of three rural burial grounds in the Belarusian Dvina region-Ives, Biruli, and Dolgoe. During the research, special attention was paid to the identification and registration of paleopathological changes in bone material. As a result, signs of the following groups of pathologies were identified: degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine and joints, skull injuries, dental system pathologies (caries, abscesses, paradontopathies), nonspecific reactions of the body (porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia, enamel hypoplasia, vascular reaction). As a result of the work performed to identify and interpret pathological changes, the main aspects reflecting changes in the health status of the ancient population due to a number of factors were identified: the manifestation of an active lifestyle of individuals, the influence of sanitary and hygienic conditions that existed in rural settlements of the studied period, and the supposed stressful situations to which the population was more or less exposed.
THE CURRENT STATE OF ARCHAEOBOTANICAL STUDY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pashkevych G. O.
Published: April 2021

The territory of Ukraine was the first on the path of the Neolithic tribes to the territory of the East European Plain. These tribes brought here cultivated plants with the skills of their cultivation (hulled wheat, barley, legumes) from the center of origin, from Asia Minor through the Balkan Peninsula. N. I. Vavilov considered that the territory of Ukraine together with Moldova was one of the ancient places of farmers culture. He received confirmation of his assumption about the existence of crops of ancient hulled wheat in the closed mountainous regions of the Carpathians. In 1940 he found a hulled wheat Triticum dicoccum in the vicinity of the village of Putila near Chernivtsi.

Recently thanks to modern research and radiocarbon dates on charred broomcorn millet grains Ukraine has a gateway through which millet from China, the birthplace of its origin, has spread to Europe. The earliest radiocarbon date (1631—1455 cal BC) in Europe is coming from the site Vinogradnyi Sad of Sabatynivka culture, Bronze Age. This date was received thanks to the European program «When and Where broomcorn millet arrived in Europe». Reports of much earlier occurrences of millet in Neolithic — Early Bronze Age (6th — early 3rd millennium BC) were almost entirely based on millet-looking impressions in pottery, daub and figurines. A recent re-examination of these impressions on figurines from the Usatovo culture with using a scanning electron microscope excluded millet grains as a source for some of the imprints. European researchers show great interest in archaeobotanical records of the crop from archaeological excavations of the territory of Ukraine. The use of modern research methods such as a scanning electron microscope, stable isotope evidence, modernized radiocarbon dating, chemical analysis of microparticles using a mass spectrometer, and analysis of DNA will allow a new look at the earliest obtained results.
THE SETTLEMENT MOLYUKHIV BUHOR IN THE WORKS OF D. YA. TELEGIN AND ACCORDING TO MODERN DATA
Authors: Neradenko T. M.
Published: April 2021

The materials of Molyukhiv Buhor, obtained during excavations in 1955—1956 by V. M. Danylenko, were constantly used by D. Y. Telegin in his scientific works particularly in the monograph «Dnipro-Donetsk Culture. To the History of the Population of the Neolithic Epoch — Early Metal of the South of Eastern Europe» 1968; in the monograph «Seredni Stoh Culture of the Copper Age» in 1973; in the article «Cultural identity and dating of supine Eneolithic burials of the Steppe Dnieper» 1987; in the book «Neolithic Burial Grounds of the Mariupol Type» 1991; in the publication «Settlements of the Dnieper-Donetsk Ethnocultural Community of the Neolithic Era» 1998 (co-authored by O. M. Titova); in the book «Seredni Stoh and Novodanilivka cultures of the Eneolithic of the Azov-Pontic region: an archaeological-anthropological analysis of materials and catalog of sites» 2001 (co-authors A. L. Nechitaylo, I. D. Potekhina, Y. V. Panchenko). The conclusions of the scholar according to the first two monographs became the basis for the recognition of Molyukhiv Buhor as one of the outstanding sites of Ukraine in the Neo-Eneolithic Age.

Since 1992 the archeological study of Molyukhiv Buhor has been carried out by the author who has discovered on the settlement the system of «moats» and «pillars», the remains of Neolithic dwellings, residential-economic complex of the late Neolithic age, the ancient burial ground with 6 different graveyards, 44 economic pits of different historical periods, etc.

A diverse collection of archaeological materials, the total number of which is more than 103700 finds, is the ceramic complex, flint tools, stone tools, horn and bone products, copper products, and allows to describe fully and comprehensively the material culture of the inhabitants in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods.

Thus, new research allows us to clarify, supplement and expand our understanding of the material culture of the tribes of Dnieper-Donetsk and Seredni Stoh cultures, compare them with the research of D. Ya. Telegin 1960—1970 and note that many conclusions of the scholar of 50 years ago find their confirmation in new studies of Molyukhіv Buhor.

Archaeological studies of the settlement are being continued. In recent years, they have focused on the excavation of a large residential and commercial complex in the north of the settlement.
ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KURGAN ARCHAEOLOGY IN UKRAINE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Otroshchenko V. V. , Boltryk Yu. V.
Published: April 2021

The book of memoirs of our teacher, Professor Alexander Leskov (1933—2017) prompted us to address the topic of the deployment of a wide front of archaeological research in the areas of reclamation construction in the south of Ukraine. Unfortunately, posthumously. It is said that one can say either good or nothing about the departed. Such approach is appropriate in memorial ceremonies or in nostalgic memories of a round date. But «Archaeologist’s notes» was announced in the Preface of the Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. Ivanchik as «an important document for the historian of Russian science». In this case the document, left to the descendants by the famous scholar, requires meticulous approach by colleagues, especially those who were the witnesses of events which are set forth in the lengthy and not easy to read text. The attention of authors of the paper is focused on the fruitful Ukrainian period of scientific and organizational activity of the famous scholar, his successes and blunders. The events, described in the memoirs, reflect not only his personal dramatic life but also the archeology of the Ukraine, the acquisition of its independence in the conditions of inevitable political crisis.
О. Leskov’s expeditions like a powerful bulldozer have passed through the kurgans of steppe Ukraine plowing many artifacts to the surface.
The wavering between the glitter of Scythian gold and the urgent problems of the Late Bronze Age left the author of the «Memoirs» in the grip of scientific stereotypes and ideas of the 1970s. Archaeologists in Ukraine have switched to a more informative method of excavating of mounds with several parallel balks but this has already happened without the detonator of the kurgan boom.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Heat Losses in Drying Cylinders
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University, Sivakov Valeriy
Published: April 2021

The research purpose is to develop methods for determination of heat losses in drying cylinders. Experimental study of temperature of drying cylinders performed in the drying section of a paper machine during its steady-state operation. Medium, maximum and permissible statistical characteristics of drying cylinder temperatures were defined. The drying cylinders with increased condensation concentration were determined by the minimally permissible temperature levels and the repair of the condensation drainage system to reduce heat losses (steam consumption) was justified. The cause of uneven dryness of the paper web across the width has been determined. The condensate ring on the inner wall at the edges of the drying cylinders gets thickened due to moisture coming from the end caps from the action of centrifugal forces. The condensation is removed from the drying cylinders with a siphon on the drive side. Therefore, on the front side of the drying cylinders condensate film has a greater thickness, and the paper web dries worse. The single-sided condensate disposal and the physical effect of centrifugal condensate runoff from the end caps to the side inner surface of the drying cylinders cause a lower dryness from the front side of the paper web. The use of thermal insulation of end caps will contribute to uniform dryness across the width of the paper web. The results of experimental studies were processed by methods of mathematical statistics in order to describe the thermal losses during contact drying of the paper web on drying cylinders with and without thermal insulation of the end caps to the ambient air. The calculation of heat losses is carried out according to the refined method of researching thermal processes in contact drying of paper web. It is found, that the use of thermal insulation of the end caps of the drying cylinders provides a reduction in steam consumption for contact drying of the paper web without affecting the technological process. The research results can be used to reduce heat losses in the drying section of paper machines on cylinders that do not have thermal insulation of the end caps. For instance, for a paper machine consisting of 56 cylinders with a diameter of 1500 mm and a capacity of 7000 kg/h of absolutely dry paper, insulating their end caps saves up to 223 kg/h of steam for drying the paper web. Methods of detection of drying cylinders with increased content of condensation on permissible levels of temperature is developed and approved. A refined method for determining thermal losses during contact drying of the paper web on drying cylinders has been developed.
Dynamic Behavior of Liquid Flow Rate from Nozzles in Jet Scrubbers of Pulp Production
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Aniskin Sergei , Kurov Victor ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design
Published: April 2021

It is shown that the modern development of pulp production technology is associated with the development of gas-liquid systems equipment. Such equipment provides the main technological processes of pulp cooking and regeneration of chemical reagents. Furthermore, this equipment, designed to recover chemical reagents and reduce their emissions into the environment, is part of the technological process. The use of scrubbers in pulp production has an advantage over many other industries, since it uses a closed liquor regeneration cycle. Currently, studies of the processes occurring in scrubbers of different types are becoming more numerous and fundamental. This paper is devoted to the development of jet scrubbers. These devices have a number of properties that do not have scrubbers of other types. They do not create resistance to the gas flow in the flue; they have a gravitational property due to ejection. Only jet scrubbers create the necessary conditions for the stability of the gas flow and have a jet effect that allows to significantly increase the efficiency of emissions cleaning. To implement the jet effect and intensify the technological equipment operation it is required to describe transfer processes in jet scrubbers with regard to polydisperse structure of drop flow and features of liquid splitting up into drops by centrifugal-jet nozzles. Scientific works devoted to the problem of realization of the jet effect showed the need to study the dynamics of liquid splitting in centrifugal-jet nozzles, which create a drop-filled jet with a large opening angle. The research purpose is to study the speed of the initial movement of drops in the area immediately after the splitting section of the continuous jet of liquid flowing from the nozzle. A photographic technique with two spark lamps was used for the experiment. At the same time, the distribution of irrigation density was controlled. The results of measuring the distributions of absolute speed of drops and irrigation density were compared with each other and the function of liquid speed distribution in the cross section of the gas-liquid jet of the jet scrubber was determined. Based on the obtained data, a theoretical model was developed to determine the initial speed of drops of centrifugal jet nozzles, an indicator required for the development of new jet scrubbers. The results can be applied to improve the technological processes of pulp production.