bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participation citoyenne et régimes de politiques publiques : nouvelle donne ou donne inchangée ?
Authors: Wokuri Pierre
Published: July 2019

Cet article propose d’évaluer la manière dont l’émergence de projets coopératifs de production d’énergie renouvelable a fait évoluer les régimes de politiques publiques nationaux dans deux pays souvent désignés par la littérature comme des « modèles » de politiques publiques énergétiques opposés : la France, idéal type étatique centralisé et le Danemark, idéal type coopératif. En mobilisant une enquête par entretiens et par analyse de documents de politique publique, l’article étudie les réactions des deux régimes à cette « nouvelle donne ». Il ressort de cela que les perspectives de redistribution du pouvoir au sein du secteur énergétique, portées par ces projets coopératifs, ont été neutralisées dans les deux cas, au fil de trajectoires qui sont cependant contrastées. Au Danemark, l’intégration des projets coopératifs dans le marché de l’énergie a été précoce, mais ces derniers se sont retrouvés progressivement marginalisés avec la disparition de la « majorité verte » qui les soutenait. En France, la prédominance d’une production d’électricité centralisée et la faible influence du parti écologiste ont empêché, dès l’origine, la levée des multiples barrières au développement de projets coopératifs. Elle les cantonne encore aujourd’hui aux marges du secteur énergétique.
Transition écologique et trajectoires sociales : les traducteurs de la mobilité durable à Mexico entre expertise internationale et politique locale
Authors: Chérubin Audrey
Published: July 2019

Cet article cherche à comprendre les ressorts de la « transition » vers une mobilité urbaine durable engagée depuis le début des années 2000 dans la ville de Mexico, en dépit d’une configuration politique défavorable. En s’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique, il analyse le processus de traduction opéré à partir des années 1990 par les membres d’un collectif de cyclistes. Occupant initialement une position marginale vis-à-vis des réseaux des partis politiques, ces agents parviennent progressivement à mettre à l’agenda de la « transition » vers une mobilité durable, en valorisant des ressources expertes et internationales. Par le biais de stratégies de professionnalisation et d’entrisme dans les administrations, ils impulsent le développement de modes de transport collectifs et peu polluants. Face aux contradictions persistantes de l’action publique en la matière, ils cherchent finalement à faire usage de leur insertion dans le champ politico-administratif pour garantir l’autonomie de leur contribution, par la mise en place d’un nouveau cadre légal tributaire des ressources spécifiques de l’expertise internationale. L’analyse de ce processus met en lumière la nécessité d’étudier les « trajectoires de transition » à l’aune des trajectoires sociales des agents qui les promeuvent. La « transition » vers une mobilité durable est ainsi conditionnée à Mexico par une transformation de l’espace social de production des politiques urbaines, marquée par l’émergence d’agents porteurs de légitimités nouvelles qui opèrent des déplacements et des échanges entre différents champs. Ces mouvements révèlent, davantage qu’une opposition entre capital politique local et expertise internationale, des logiques complexes de transfert entre ces deux types de ressources.
L’essor de la mini-maison au Québec
Authors: Lessard Guillaume
Published: July 2019

L’urbanisation dispersée représente un véritable casse-tête pour la transition écologique urbaine en Amérique du Nord. Depuis des décennies, les plans et discours d’urbanisme font la guerre à l’étalement urbain, tandis que les représentations de la maison unifamiliale, véritable icône de la banlieue nord-américaine, s’adaptent à l’émergence des discours sur la soutenabilité urbaine. Au Québec (Canada), la mini-maison participe de ces dynamiques, mais de manière ambiguë. La mini-maison se présente à la fois comme une utopie d’habitation écologique et abordable, comme une niche du marché immobilier à combler et comme l’élément potentiel d’une stratégie plus flexible de densification douce des territoires suburbains. Cette étude de cas de type recherche-action propose d’étudier cette équivocité en analysant le processus de coconstruction de l’objet « mini-maison » au Québec à partir d’une analyse de presse, d’une analyse documentaire et d’observations participantes. Cet article conclut, d’une part, que ce processus a permis de créer des liens entre une grande diversité d’acteurs et, d’autre part, qu’il favorise la remise en question du modèle conventionnel de la maison unifamiliale détachée en répondant à des enjeux d’abordabilité, de simplicité volontaire, de densification douce et de transition écologique des périphéries urbaines.
Expérimenter la transition écologique dans les ruelles de Montréal
Authors: Audet René , Segers Ian , Manon Mathilde
Published: July 2019

Les changements climatiques découlent de problèmes persistants qui exigent d’innover dans les manières de les aborder. Les expérimentations de transition représentent à ce titre de belles occasions. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter le projet d’expérimentationNos milieux de vie !mené à Montréal avec l’organisme Solon, et de rendre compte des apprentissages acquis lors des premières phases du projet et des adaptations à la démarche des expérimentations de transition auxquels elles ont donné lieu. Les explications de la démarche du projetNos milieux de vie !et la présentation des résultats de la première année permettent d’identifier quatre apprentissages principaux : le rôle crucial de Solon comme organisme de médiation, l’existence de temporalités diverses au sein du projet, l’importance de s’adapter aux demandes et aux besoins des participants, et l’existence de déterminants sociaux de la transition écologique.
COMMUNISM IN ЧЕБУРАШКА (ČEBURAŠKA) FILM: A SEMIOTIC STUDY
Authors: Wulandari Seprida , Kaprisma Hendra
Published: July 2019

This article discusses communism in the film titled Čeburaška by Eduard Uspenskij. The study aims to identify the ideology of communism in Čeburaška. The Roland Barthes' semiotic theory was used to analyse the film. In order to see communism contained in Čeburaška, the author used two stages of Roland Barthes' semiotic theory of denotation and connotation. The research used descriptive and criticism methods. In analysing communism in Čeburaška, the author also use the following concepts: the concept of character and characterization, ideology, and film as an ideology. The research result shows that Čeburaška contains elements of communism that can be seen from the signs in every scene. These signs include the red color that denoted the symbol of communism, the nature of cooperation (communal) found in the characters, and the animals in the zoo that were described as free from the capitalist. The publication background of the film also influences the presence of communism in Čeburaška.
THE POLICING MODEL IN MANAGING THE YOUTH ORGANIZATION CONFLICT IN MEDAN, INDONESIA: CASE STUDY OF IKATAN PEMUDA KARYA (IPK) AND PEMUDA PANCASILA (PP) CONFLICT
Authors: Saragih Benny Maringan
Published: July 2019

Medan has multicultural and composite area. Medan is the capital city of Indonesia Province of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Medan is the largets city in Sumatra island. There are 13 ethnic groups in Medan. The heterogeneity of people in Medan has bring out several youth organizations with their slogans and ideologies. The youth organizations is also one of freedom and rights for every citizen that guaranteed and protected by the state. The youth organization is increasingly synonymous with thuggery and crime action. this research focuses on resolving PP and IPK‟s conflict influenced by three main factors: resource aquisition and economics motive, existence and dominations, and past incident. This research is qualitative research using the theory of community policing that has developed. The result of this research is the importance of multidisciplinary community policing to resolve conflict. The police must cooperate with government institutions, members and community groups, non-profit organizations, service providers, and private businesses. The presence of government institutions, service providers and private businesses, will reduce member dependence on jobs provided by Youth Organization, and the presence of community groups will assist the police in reducing and preventing conflicts between youth organization, but the police must also facilitate the public in terms of reporting and others, such as by utilizing IT.
HO CHI MINH’S MULTICULTURAL THOUGHTS
Authors: Jingqing Yang
Published: July 2019

Ho Chi Minh is one of influential personages in the history of Vietnam. His thoughts became the crucial guideline in the anti-colonial, anti-imperialist and independence movements of Vietnam. So far, quite a few scholars have conducted in-depth analysis of Ho Chi Minh‟s thoughts from the perspectives of politics, sociology and philosophy, but few scholars have studied Ho‟s thoughts from the perspective of multiculturalism. Given that multiculturalism is a theory that firstly put forward by western scholars in the western world, whether the theory is applicable to traditional and communitarian oriental world has become a hot topic in academic circles. From the perspective of morality, the elements of liberty, equality and justice of multiculturalism have the function of anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism in Southeast Asian countries including Vietnam. In the colonial times, French deliberately isolated Vietnamese ethnic groups through ideological control and geographical isolation, but under the guideline of Ho Chi Minh‟s thought, the Vietnamese broken the barrier of colonial and successfully achieve national unity and ethnic unity. This paper intends to prove that multiculturalism has the function of anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism by researching the Ho Chi Minh‟s multicultural thoughts, which is the best practice of western multiculturalism in southeast Asia.
DENOTATION, CONNOTATION AND MYTHICAL MEANING OF THE CIO TAO RITUAL’S WEDDING CEREMONY OF THE CHINESE-BENTENG COMMUNITY THROUGH THE SEMIO-PRAGMATICS APPROACH
Authors: Suratminto Lilie
Published: July 2019

Gobard (1976) divides language into four functions namely: vernacular function, vehicular function, cultural reference function and mythic religion function. An extinct language is not totally extinct but there is a shifting of function. Even though the language that become extinct, is not used anymore in communication function, it is still used to show cultural identity. Culture is one thing that characterize a group of population. According to Kroeber & Kluckohn in Suratminto et al (2017:25) culture is a pattern that implicitly and explicitly formed and at the same time also determines a collective symbol of customs that has different targets in every population group and is displayed in artefact form. The Chinese language of the Chinese-Benteng in Tangerang is also in danger of disappearing. They do not communicate with each other in the Chinese language. Most people do not speak nor write in Chinese characters, but they still maintain their culture in their everyday life. This research is focused on one of their preserved cultures of their ancestors called cio tao, in Tangerang. Cio tao is one of the wedding rituals. A few days before the wedding ceremony there is a sang jit ceremony. In this ceremony the candidate of the bridegroom comes to the parents of the bride‟s parents to hand over the dowry. The research was held in Kampung Naga on April 21th 2019 with qualitative methodology by visual recording and interviewing the respondent. Kampung Naga is one of the kampungs of the Chinese-Benteng in Tangerang district. There are many kampungs inhabited by the Chinese-Benteng e.g. Kampung Melayu, Tanjung Burung, Kampung Sangiang, Sewan, Karawaci, etc. Through the dimensional approach of the semio-pragmatic theory of Danesi & Perron (1998), the step by step process of the cio tao ritual will be analysed to know the goals of each sign determining whether it has a denotative, connotative or mythical meaning.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS AS EXPRESSIVE DESIRE OF HINDU-BUDDHA RELIGIONS IN JAVA IN 8th– 15th CENTURIES
Authors: Munandar Agus Aris
Published: July 2019

This study discusses the Hindu-Buddha religions in the ancient Javanese society which developed in 8—15 th Century AD when the centers of the kingdoms in the central part of Java. The case discussed in this paper is concerned with their ritual and ceremony tools used by the worshipped of Hindu-Buddha religions, especially in the regards with the statues of Hindu-Buddha gods, which are still used up to the present time. The statues of Hindu-Buddha gods are actually the realization of wishes to fulfill their worshipper hopes. This study in line with the opinion of Melford E.Spiro (1977), an expert on religion studies, who states that religion tools and rituals can be considered as expressive desires of the religion worshipper. The statues of Gods, temple structure, and reliefs function ot only as decorative matters, but also as expressive desire of silpins (religious artisants) and the community who performs the rituals in regard with their belief. It can be said that these silpin in the ancient Javanese society were doing religious ceremonies and their dedication to their Gods while they were constructing to the statues, reliefs, and temple. It is then these silpins are expressing (1) their dedication to the God by designing certain statues or narrative reliefs, and (2) personal and community expresses in creating religiously aesthetic artifacts.
Shared mycorrhizae but distinct communities of other root-associated microbes on co-occurring native and invasive maples
Authors: DeBellis Tonia , Kembel Steven W. , Lessard Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2019

Background

Biological invasions are major drivers of environmental change that can significantly alter ecosystem function and diversity. In plants, soil microbes play an important role in plant establishment and growth; however, relatively little is known about the role they might play in biological invasions. A first step to assess whether root microbes may be playing a role in the invasion process is to find out if invasive plants host different microbes than neighbouring native plant species.

Methods

In this study we investigated differences in root associated microbes of native sugar maple (Acer saccharumMarsh.) and exotic Norway maple (A. platanoidesL.) collected from a forested reserve in eastern Canada. We used microscopy to examine root fungi and high-throughput sequencing to characterize the bacterial, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities of both maple species over one growing season.

Results

We found differences in root associated bacterial and fungal communities between host species. Norway maple had a higher bacterial and fungal OTU (operational taxonomic units) richness compared to sugar maple, and the indicator species analysis revealed that nine fungal OTUs and three bacterial OTUs had a significant preference for sugar maple. The dominant bacterial phyla found on the roots of both maple species were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The most common fungal orders associated with the Norway maple roots (in descending order) were Helotiales, Agaricales, Pleosporales, Hypocreales, Trechisporales while the Agaricales, Pleosporales, Helotiales, Capnodiales and Hypocreales were the dominant orders present in the sugar maple roots. Dark septate fungi colonization levels were higher in the sugar maple, but no differences in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and colonization rates were detected between maple species.

Discussion

Our findings show that two congeneric plant species grown in close proximity can harbor distinct root microbial communities. These findings provide further support for the importance of plant species in structuring root associated microbe communities. The high colonization levels observed in Norway maple demonstrates its compatibility with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the introduced range. Plant-associated microbial communities can affect host fitness and function in many ways; therefore, the observed differences suggest a possibility that biotic interactions can influence the dynamics between native and invasive species.
The Change Clinic Counselling Service: Blending Client-Centred and Strength-Based Practices to Improve Mental Health Services to Families
Authors: Ellenbogen Stephen , Hair Heather J. , Smith June Kirkland , Wilton Peter
Published: July 2019

Operating in a small urban Canadian location, Change Clinic is a brief counselling service intended for child and adolescent mental health issues. It blends principles from different strength-based and client-centred approaches to counselling (e.g., solution-focused, narrative, and single session therapies). Using the parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, changes in child and adolescent mental health difficulties were assessed. Compared to pre-test scores, significant improvements in behavioural, emotional, and hyperactivity problems were observed six months after delivery of the service. Effect size was estimated to be moderate (.62) based on the Added Value Score calculation. Almost three quarters of clients were served in one to two sessions.
The Count Me In! Program: An Innovative Approach to Supporting Community Participation for Seniors Living with Psychosocial Difficulties
Authors: Aubin Ginette , Parisien Manon , Gilbert Norma , Dallaire Bernadette , Billette Véronique , Beauchamp Julie
Published: July 2019

To better support the social participation of seniors with mental health or psychosocial challenges, we developed a manualized group program. Following program testing, participating agencies and group leaders expressed their appreciation of the program and identified its facilitators and barriers. The revised version is available in French and English.
A Novel Test System for Genotyping rs43703016 Single-nucleotide Substitutions in the Bovine CSN3 Gene
Authors: Kovalchuk Svetlana , Tagmazyan Arina , Klimov Eugene
Published: July 2019

Aims: Caseins are among the main milk proteins that determine many of its properties. Bovine kappa-casein (CSN3) is associated with the qualitative composition of milk, as well as with the quality of cheese obtained from this milk. The rs43703016 single-nucleotide substitution (g.88532332A>C; Asp148Ala) in exon 4 of the bovine CSN3 gene plays an important role in the production of quality hard cheeses. Various methods for the DNA testing of this substitution have been developed in the last three decades. Emergent DNA technologies provide an opportunity to modernize methods of genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results: We have developed and verified a method to differentiate A/C alleles of the rs43703016 substitution in the bovine CSN3 gene by real-time PCR using allele-specific fluorescent probes.

Conclusion: Our new method allows fast genotyping of animals, and may be used for selection of cows carrying the CC genotype, which determines good cheese-making properties of milk.
Antibacterial Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Pennyroyal, Cinnamon and Rhubarb on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Gheisari Zohreh , Kalani Leila , Khaledi Mansoor , Nouri Ali , Milasi Yaser Eshaghi , Hossainy Nahal , Soleymani Ali
Published: July 2019

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for many different purposes in the past. These plants may produce antimicrobial metabolites that affect the natural growth of microorganisms. The aim of this research was to study the antibacterial properties of rhubarb, cinnamon and pennyroyal on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of pennyroyal, cinnamon and rhubarb on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated after their collection and extraction process. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of this extract on bacteria were also measured.

Results: The MIC of hydro alcoholic extract of pennyroyal was above 400 mg/ml for both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Also the MBC has been reported 400 and 500 mg/dL, respectively. The MIC of cinnamon extract for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were reported 250 and higher and 500 and higher, respectively. Also, the MBC was reported 500 and 600 mg/ml, respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to rhubarb plant extract, and the MIC and the MBC for Staphylococcus aureus were reported 200 mg/ml and higher and 400 mg/ml and higher, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the hydro alcoholic extract of cinnamon, pennyroyal and rhubarb has anti bacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.
Epigenetic inheritance and plant evolution
Authors: Miryeganeh Matin , Saze Hidetoshi
Published: July 2019

Being sessile organisms, plants show a high degree of developmental plasticity to cope with a constantly changing environment. While plasticity in plants is largely controlled genetically, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, for gene regulation and phenotypic plasticity in response to internal and external stimuli. Induced epigenetic changes can be a source of phenotypic variations in natural plant populations that can be inherited by progeny for multiple generations. Whether epigenetic phenotypic changes are advantageous in a given environment, and whether they are subject to natural selection is of great interest, and their roles in adaptation and evolution are an area of active research in plant ecology. This review is focused on the role of heritable epigenetic variation induced by environmental changes, and its potential influence on adaptation and evolution in plants.
Thermodynamic profiles of the interactions of suramin, chondroitin sulfate, and pentosan polysulfate with the inhibitory domain of TIMP‐3
Authors: Logue Timothy , Lizotte‐Waniewski Michelle , Brew Keith
Published: July 2019

Extracellular levels of soluble TIMP‐3 are low, reflecting its binding by extracellular matrix (ECM) components including sulfated glycosaminoglycans (SGAGs) and endocytosis via low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1. Since TIMP‐3 inhibits ECM degradation, the ability of SGAGs to elevate extracellular TIMP‐3 is significant for osteoarthritis treatment. Previous studies of such interactions have utilized immobilized TIMP‐3 or ligands. Here, we report the thermodynamics of the interactions of the sGAG‐binding N‐domain of TIMP‐3 with chondroitin sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and suramin in solution using isothermal titration calorimetry. All three interactions are driven by a favorable negative enthalpy change combined with an unfavorable decrease in entropy. The heat capacity changes (ΔCp) for all of the interactions are zero, indicating an insignificant contribution from hydrophobic interactions.
A new academic performance indicator for the first term of first‐year science degrees students at La Laguna University: a predictive model
Authors: Dorta‐Guerra Roberto , Marrero Isabel , Abdul‐Jalbar Beatriz , Trujillo‐González Rodrigo , Torres Néstor V.
Published: July 2019

Academic performance during the first year of university is correlated with future academic success, and is considered to be a determining factor in the reduction of dropouts. In the present study, we describe a new academic performance indicator for the first term of first‐year science degrees students at La Laguna University in Spain. We are interested in identifying the most important previous academic factors for predicting the success of first‐year students at university. Specifically, multiple linear regression models were used to identify such predictors of academic success. We report that, for all of the analyzed science degrees, the best predictor of academic success is high school grade point average. In addition, we obtained predictive models for estimating the value of the new academic performance indicator. Using these models, we can predict future academic success, which may help identify students at risk of failure at the beginning of the course. This in turn would ensure early implementation of educational interventions or strategies to increase academic achievement of such students.
A Composite Hydrogel Scaffold Permits Self‐Organization and Matrix Deposition by Cocultured Human Glomerular Cells
Authors: Tuffin Jack , Burke Madeline , Richardson Thomas , Johnson Timothy , Saleem Moin A. , Satchell Simon , Welsh Gavin I. , Perriman Adam
Published: July 2019

3D scaffolds provide cells with a spatial environment that more closely resembles that of in vivo tissue, when compared to 2D culture on a plastic substrate. However, many scaffolding materials commonly used in tissue engineering tend to exhibit anisotropic morphologies that exhibit a narrow range of fiber diameters and pore sizes, which do not recapitulate extracellular matrices. In this study, a fibrin hydrogel is formed within the interstitial spaces of an electrospun poly(glycolic) acid (PGA) monolith to generate a composite, bimodal scaffold for the coculture of kidney glomerular cell lines. This new scaffold exhibits multiple fiber morphologies, containing both PGA microfibers (14.5 ± 2 µm) and fibrin gel nanofibers (0.14 ± 0.09 µm), which increase the compressive Young's modulus beyond that of either of the constituents. The composite structure provides an enhanced 3D environment that increases proliferation and adhesion of immortalized human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, the micro/nanoscale fibrous morphology promotes motility and reorganization of the glomerular cells into glomerulus‐like structures, resulting in the deposition of organized collagen IV; the primary component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).
High‐Performance P‐Type Copper(I) Thiocyanate Thin Film Transistors Processed from Solution at Low Temperature
Authors: Ji Yena , Lee Han Ju , Lee Seonjeong , Cho Kyung Gook , Lee Keun Hyung , Hong Kihyon
Published: July 2019

Semiconducting copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is actively studied for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Although various kinds of CuSCN‐based transistors are reported, these devices suffer from low charge carrier mobility of about 0.01–0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Here, ion gel electrolyte consisting of network polymer and ionic liquid is used as a high capacitance gate insulator to achieve high performance CuSCN‐based electrolyte‐gated transistors (CuSCN‐EGTs) with low operation voltage below 1 V. 30 nm thick CuSCN semiconductor film can be formed by a simple solution process with a low processing temperature (≈100 °C) that is directly applicable to flexible plastic substrates. By doping copper iodide to the CuSCN semiconductor, device performance including drain current and charge carrier mobility of the CuSCN EGT can be improved significantly. The measured charge carrier mobility of ≈0.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 is the highest among the reported CuSCN transistors using various gate insulators. These CuSCN‐EGTs also display good operation stability under continuous quasistatic external gate voltage sweeps. Such superior electrical performance and versatile processability of ion gel–gated CuSCN transistors make them suitable for use in complimentary circuits and large‐area flexible electronics.
Coupling‐Mediated Selective Spin‐to‐Plasmonic‐Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion
Authors: Xu Quan , Ma Shaojie , Hu Cong , Xu Yuehong , Ouyang Chunmei , Zhang Xueqian , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Wentao , Tian Zhen , Gu Jianqiang , Zhang Xixiang , Zhang Shuang , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: July 2019

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been recently introduced to plasmonics for generating plasmonic vortices with a helical wavefront, opening avenues for exotic on‐chip applications such as quantum information processing and communications. In previous demonstrations, carefully designed optical elements are used to convert left‐ and right‐circular polarizations into plasmonic vortices with different topological charges, resulting in conversion from optical spin angular momentum (SAM) to plasmonic OAM. Here, it is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that by utilizing the near‐field coupling between paired resonators in a metasurface, selective conversion from optical SAM to plasmonic OAM is realized, where generation of plasmonic vortices can be achieved for incident light of one circular polarization while significantly suppressed for the other circular polarization. The proposed design scheme may motivate the design and fabrication of future practical plasmonic devices.
Stereoselective Construction of Nitrile‐Substituted Cyclopropanes from 2‐Substituted Ethenesulfonyl Fluorides via Carbon‐Sulfur Bond Cleavage
Authors: Liu Hao , Moku Balakrishna , Li Fei , Ran Jiabing , Han Jinsong , Long Sihui , Zha Gao‐Feng , Qin Hua‐Li
Published: July 2019

The intermolecular cyclopropanation of 2‐aryl and 2‐styryl substituted ethenesulfonyl fluorides with active cyano‐containing methylene compounds was described. This reaction proceeds via carbon‐sulfur bond cleavage under metal‐free conditions in up to 99% yield, affording a variety of nitrile‐substituted cyclopropanes with high diastereoselectivity.

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Topography‐Directed Hot‐Water Super‐Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Zhu Pingan , Chen Rifei , Wang Liqiu
Published: July 2019

Natural and artificial super‐repellent surfaces are frequently textured with pillar‐based discrete structures rather than hole‐based continuous ones because the former exhibits lower adhesion from the reduced length of the three‐phase contact line. Counterintuitively, here, the unusual topographic effects are discovered on hot‐water super‐repellency where the continuous microcavity surface outperforms the discrete microneedle/micropillar surface. This anomaly arises from the different dependencies of liquid‐repellency stability on the surface structure and water temperature in the two topographies. The unexpected wetting dynamics are interpreted by determining timescales for droplet evaporation, vapor condensation, and droplet bouncing. The associated heat transfer process is unique to the wetting states and remarkably distinct from each other in the two topographies. It is envisioned that hot‐water super‐repellent microcavity surfaces will be advantageous for a variety of applications, especially when both self‐cleaning and thermal insulation are imperative, such as clothing for scald protection and digital microfluidics for exothermic reactions.
Peeling off Nanometer‐Thick Ferromagnetic Layers and Their van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Yuan Kai , Yao Xiaohan , Wang Hailong , Han Bo , Gao Peng , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Dai Lun , Zhao Jianhua , Ye Yu
Published: July 2019

The recent discovery of 2D van der Waals (vdWs) magnetic crystals provides an ideal platform for fundamental understanding of 2D magnetism, as well as the applications of low‐power spintronic devices. One can integrate 2D magnetic materials into vdWs heterostructures with engineered properties, and also manipulate the magnetism via electrostatic gating. However, due to their instability, the handing of 2D magnetic materials can only be carried out under the help of encapsulation with other 2D materials (such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)) in a glove box, which is the biggest barrier toward its practical applications. Here, an approach about peeling‐off and transfer of 2D ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As layers with thickness of ≈10–20 nm grown by the molecular beam epitaxy under ambient conditions is introduced. Transmission electron microscopy characterizations confirm the single‐crystalline nature of the lifted‐off (Ga,Mn)As. Superconducting quantum interference device measurements demonstrate that the lifted‐off (Ga,Mn)As maintains its ferromagnetism. Using vdWs heterostructure assembly, technique hBN/(Ga,Mn)As top‐gate Hall device and p‐(Ga,Mn)As/n‐MoS2 heterojunction diode are fabricated. The electrical transport measurements demonstrate the ferromagnetic nature and gate tunable magnetoresistance of the lifted‐off (Ga,Mn)As layer. This approach makes it possible to significantly expand the range of 2D ferromagnetic materials and their vdWs heterostructures.
Regulation of the Crystal Structure Leading to the Bandgap Widening and Phonon Scattering Increasing in Cu3SnS4‐Cu3SbSe3 Chalcogenides
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Lin Naiming , Han Zhongkang , Li Xie , Wang Haiyun , Cui Jiaolin
Published: July 2019

Cu3SnS4 chalcogenide as a low‐cost, earth abundant thermoelectric material has recently attracted much attention. However, its Seebeck coefficient is rather low due to its metallic‐like behavior; therefore, substantial work is required to enhance its thermoelectric (TE) properties. In this work, an alternative method is proposed, that is, a regulation of the crystal structure through alloying with Cu3SbSe3. This regulation is realized by the incorporation of Sb and Se in the Cu3SnS4 host frame with an addition of Cu3SbSe3, thus altering the bond lengths (CuS and SnS) and bond angles (SCuS and SSnS), and leading to widening of the bandgap and the convergence of top valence bands. At the same time, the lattice thermal conductivity reduces by ≈50% at high temperatures, mainly triggered by the crystal structure distortion and introduced point defects. The approach of crystal structure regulation may help design the properties of other ternary CuSn(Sb)S(Se) compounds for TE applications.
Toward Multifunctional and Wearable Smart Skins with Energy‐Harvesting, Touch‐Sensing, and Exteroception‐Visualizing Capabilities by an All‐Polymer Design
Authors: Liang Guojin , Ruan Zhaoheng , Liu Zhuoxin , Li Hongfei , Wang Zifeng , Tang Zijie , Mo Funian , Yang Qi , Ma Longtao , Wang Donghong , Zhi Chunyi
Published: July 2019

An all‐polymer design to realize multifunctional and wearable smart skin devices with energy‐harvesting, touch‐sensing, and exteroception‐visualizing capabilities is reported. The design process of the skin, material selection principles, and performance under different mechanical manipulations are systematically elaborated. Stretchable hydrogel electrodes are sandwiched by a triboelectric layer and a ZnS phosphor–embedded mechanoluminescent layer, while the mechanical stability is ensured by an in situ assembly configuration. Regarding the performance of the three capabilities, first, the smart skin can function as a triboelectric nanogenerator and delivers an output peak voltage of 180 V and a power density of 625 µW cm−2 with superb cyclic stability throughout 10 000 continuous contact–separation cycles. Second, the skin can detect a pressure limit of 0.58 kPa with a sensitivity of 0.23 kPa−1, where the location detection can be achieved by applying a pixel configuration to the device. Third, a light‐emitting response can be stimulated to allow for visualization of the magnitude and location of an applied force. Remarkably, the as‐developed smart skin exhibits robust vitality without degradation of functionality, even when the device is subjected to a high strain of 700%.
Interface‐Regulated Contact Electrification for Power‐Free and Highly Selective Gas Sensing
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Liang Yanping , Hu Wenwen , Yuan Miaomiao , Bai Xiaoxia , Liu Fei , Zheng Youbin , Zhao Zhenhuan , Zhang Min , Haick Hossam , Wang Bin , Wu Weiwei
Published: July 2019

The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is critical in various applications, e.g., medical care, environmental monitoring, public security, agriculture, the food industry, etc., requiring high sensitivity, good selectivity, fast response/recovery, multivariate data treatment, anti‐interferon, and wide tolerance of gas temperature. Herein, taking advantage of the interface inside the composite thin film of contact electrification‐based sensors, a “fill two needs with one deed” strategy is successfully demonstrated and developed to selectively detect VOCs without a power source, which may shed a new light on VOCs' sensing in the future sensor network.
Low sleep time is associated with higher levels of blood pressure and fat mass in Amerindian schoolchildren
Authors: Álvarez Cristian , Lucia Alejandro , Ramírez‐Campillo Rodrigo , Martínez‐Salazar Cristian , Delgado‐Floody Pedro , Cadore Eduardo L. , Alonso‐Martínez Alicia M. , Izquierdo Mikel
Published: July 2019

Objectives

While altered sleep patterns (ie, low sleep time) have been studied and reported in adults as a new cardiometabolic risk factor, less information is available on how sleep patterns impact children of different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in relation to different levels of sleep time in schoolchildren of Amerindian Mapuche or European‐ancestry of Southern Chile.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study, 540 Chilean schoolchildren (6‐13 years) were divided into two ethnic groups (n = 119 Mapuche Amerindians and n = 421 European‐ancestry). Groups were analyzed according to sleep time per day as registered by parents' report and distributed into quartile categories of sleep time: Mapuche (quartile 1 [Q1] ≥10.0 h, n = 34; Q2 9.5‐10.0 h, n = 29; Q3 8.5‐9.0 h, n = 31; and Q4 ≤ 8.5 h, n = 25), and European (Q1, n = 99; Q2, n = 77; Q3, n = 144; Q4, n = 101). The main cardiovascular parameters (systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure) were complemented with anthropometric/body composition (body mass, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, fat mass, muscle mass, lean mass), cardiorespiratory (heart rate rest, oxygen saturation), and muscle strength (handgrip of dominant and non‐dominant arm) outcomes.

Results

From Q1 and across Q2, Q3, and Q4, there was an increase in delta mean SBP in both Mapuche (Δ +17.6 mm Hg) and European (Δ +7.3 mm Hg) schoolchildren with 30‐90 min of decreased sleep time (using ≥10 h as reference in Q1). The tendency for worsening of other cardiometabolic risk factors was maintained for delta mean BMI (Δ +2.6 kg/m2), waist circumference (Δ +12 cm), and fat mass (Δ +8.3%) in Mapuches, whereas European peers showed only worsened waist circumference (Δ +6 cm) across Q2, Q3, and Q4 in comparison with reference Q1. There was also a higher prevalence of hypertension in Mapuche (31.1%) compared to in European schoolchildren (17.6%).

Conclusions

Mapuche and European schoolchildren show higher levels of SBP with a decrease in sleep time of 30 min; however, there is a higher prevalence of hypertension and obesity in ethnic Mapuches than in European schoolchildren. These findings indicate that more studies should be applied at early school ages for preventing low sleep time and their related cardiometabolic risk factors for hypertension development in different ethnic groups.
Anthropometric characteristics of newborns with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Salvatoni Alessandro , Moretti Alex , Grugni Graziano , Agosti Massimo , Azzolini Sara , Bonaita Valentina , Cianci Paola , Corica Domenico , Crinò Antonino , Delvecchio Maurizio , Ferraris Silvio , Greggio Nella A. , Iughetti Lorenzo , Licenziati Maria R. , Madeo Simona F. , Nosetti Luana , Pajno Roberta , Rutigliano Irene , Sacco Michele , Salvatore Silvia , Scarano Emanuela , Trifirò Giuliana , Wasniewska Malgorzata
Published: July 2019

This is a retrospective multicenter nationwide Italian study collecting neonatal anthropometric data of Caucasian subjects with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) born from 1988 to 2018. The aim of the study is to provide percentile charts for weight and length of singletons with PWS born between 36 and 42 gestational weeks. We collected the birth weight and birth length of 252 male and 244 female singleton live born infants with both parents of Italian origin and PWS genetically confirmed. Percentile smoothed curves of birth weight and length for gestational age were built through Cole's lambda, mu, sigma method. The data were compared to normal Italian standards. Newborns with PWS showed a lower mean birth weight, by 1/2 kg, and a shorter mean birth length, by 1 cm, than healthy neonates. Females with a 15q11‐13 deletion were shorter than those with maternal uniparental maternal disomy of chromosome 15 (p < .0001). The present growth curves may be useful as further traits in supporting a suspicion of PWS in a newborn. Because impaired prenatal growth increases risk of health problems later in life, having neonatal anthropometric standards could be helpful to evaluate possible correlations between the presence or absence of small gestational age and some clinical and metabolic aspects of PWS.
Amyloid imaging of dutch‐type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy carriers
Authors: Schultz Aaron P. , Kloet Reina W. , Sohrabi Hamid R. , van der Weerd Louise , van Rooden Sanneke , Wermer Marieke J. H. , Moursel Laure Grand , Yaqub Maqsood , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Gardener Samantha L. , Taddei Kevin , Fagan Anne M. , Benzinger Tammie L. , Morris John C. , Sperling Reisa , Johnson Keith , Bateman Randall J. ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Gurol M. Edip , van Buchem Mark A. , Martins Ralph , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Greenberg Steven M.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine whether amyloid imaging with the positron emission tomography (PET) agent Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) can detect vascular β‐amyloid (Aβ) in the essentially pure form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with the Dutch‐type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (D‐CAA) mutation.

Methods

PiB retention in a cortical composite of frontal, lateral, and retrosplenial regions (FLR) was measured by PiB‐PET in 19 D‐CAA mutation carriers (M+; 13 without neurologic symptoms, 6 with prior lobar intracerebral hemorrhage) and 17 mutation noncarriers (M−). Progression of PiB retention was analyzed in a subset of 18 serially imaged individuals (10 asymptomatic M+, 8 M−). We also analyzed associations between PiB retention and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ concentrations in 17 M+ and 11 M− participants who underwent lumbar puncture and compared the findings to PiB‐PET and CSF Aβ in 37 autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) mutation carriers.

Results

D‐CAA M+ showed greater age‐dependent FLR PiB retention (p < 0.001) than M−, and serially imaged asymptomatic M+ demonstrated greater longitudinal increases (p = 0.004). Among M+, greater FLR PiB retention associated with reduced CSF concentrations of Aβ40 (r = −0.55, p = 0.021) but not Aβ42 (r = 0.01, p = 0.991). Despite comparably low CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42, PiB retention was substantially less in D‐CAA than ADAD (p < 0.001).

Interpretation

Increased PiB retention in D‐CAA and correlation with reduced CSF Aβ40 suggest this compound labels vascular amyloid, although to a lesser degree than amyloid deposits in ADAD. Progression in PiB signal over time suggests amyloid PET as a potential biomarker in trials of candidate agents for this untreatable cause of hemorrhagic stroke. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:616–625
Halogenid‐basierte Materialien und Chemie für wiederaufladbare Batterien
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Fichtner Maximilian , Shen Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

Wiederaufladbare Batterien gelten als eine der effektivsten Energiespeichertechnologien, die die Überleitung zwischen der Erzeugung und dem Verbrauch erneuerbarer Energien schafft. Die weitergehende Entwicklung wiederaufladbarer Batterien mit Eigenschaften wie hohe Energiedichte, Kostengünstigkeit, Sicherheit und eine lange Lebensdauer muss dabei die stetig zunehmenden Energiespeicheranforderungen erfüllen. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt den wissenschaftlichen und technologischen Fortschritt wiederaufladbarer Batterien auf, der durch Halogenid‐basierten Materialien und Chemikalien zustande kommt, inklusive der Verwendung von Halogenid‐Elektroden, Halogendotierung von Elektroden und/oder Elektrodenoberflächen, Elektrolyt‐Design und Additive, die schnellen Ionen‐Shuttle und stabile Elektroden/Elektrolyt‐Grenzflächen ermöglichen sowie neue Batteriechemie realisieren. Eine Vielzahl von Batteriechemie basierend auf monovalentem Kation‐, multivalenten Kation‐, Anion‐ oder Dual‐Ionen‐Transfer wird beschrieben. Dieser Aufsatz zielt darauf ab, das Verständis von Halogenid‐basierten Materialien und Chemikalien zu fördern und die weitere Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich hochleistungsfähiger wiederaufladbarer Batterien anzuregen. Er soll außerdem einen Ausblick auf die Nutzung neuer elektrochemischer Energiespeichermaterialien und ‐systeme bieten.
2D Poly(arylene vinylene) Covalent Organic Frameworks via Aldol Condensation of Trimethyltriazine
Authors: Jadhav Thaksen , Fang Yuan , Patterson William , Liu Cheng‐Hao , Hamzehpoor Ehsan , Perepichka Dmitrii F.
Published: July 2019

Designing structural order in electronically active organic solids remains a great challenge in the field of materials chemistry. Now, 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s prepared as highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by base‐catalyzed aldol condensation of trimethyltriazine with aromatic dialdehydes are reported. The synthesized polymers are highly emissive (quantum yield of up to 50 %), as commonly observed in their 1D analogues poly(phenylene vinylene)s. The inherent well‐defined porosity (surface area ca. 1000 m2 g−1, pore diameter ca. 11 Å for the terephthaldehyde derived COF‐1) and 2D structure of these COFs also present a new set of properties and are likely responsible for the emission color, which is sensitive to the environment. COF‐1 is highly hydrophilic and reveals a dramatic macroscopic structural reorganization that has not been previously observed in framework materials.
Halide‐Based Materials and Chemistry for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Fichtner Maximilian , Shen Xiaodong
Published: July 2019

Rechargeable batteries are considered one of the most effective energy storage technologies to bridge the production and consumption of renewable energy. The further development of rechargeable batteries with characteristics such as high energy density, low cost, safety, and a long cycle life is required to meet the ever‐increasing energy‐storage demands. This Review highlights the progress achieved with halide‐based materials in rechargeable batteries, including the use of halide electrodes, bulk and/or surface halogen‐doping of electrodes, electrolyte design, and additives that enable fast ion shuttling and stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, as well as realization of new battery chemistry. Battery chemistry based on monovalent cation, multivalent cation, anion, and dual‐ion transfer is covered. This Review aims to promote the understanding of halide‐based materials to stimulate further research and development in the area of high‐performance rechargeable batteries. It also offers a perspective on the exploration of new materials and systems for electrochemical energy storage.
On‐Surface Reactive Planarization of Pt(II) Complexes
Authors: Ren Jindong , Cnudde Marvin , Brünink Dana , Buss Stefan , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Liu Lacheng , Fuchs Harald , Strassert Cristian A. , Gao Hong‐Ying , Doltsinis Nikos L.
Published: July 2019

A series of Pt(II) complexes with tetradentate luminophores has been designed, synthesized, and deposited on coinage metal surfaces with the aim to produce highly planar self‐assembled monolayers. Low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a significant initial nonplanarity for all complexes. A subsequent metal‐catalyzed separation of the nonplanar moiety at the bridging unit via the scission of a C−N bond is observed, leaving behind a largely planar core complex. The activation barrier of this bond scission process is found to depend strongly on the chemical nature of both bridging group and coordination plane, and to increase from Cu(111) through Ag(111) to Au(111).