bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of propolis and essential oils on oral bacteria
Authors: Tambur Zoran , Miljković-Selimović Biljana , Opačić Dolores , Vuković Branislava , Malešević Adam , Ivančajić Luka , Aleksić Ema
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Propolis is a natural composite balsam. In the past decade, propolis has been extensively investigated as an adjuvant for the treatment of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activities of propolis solutions and plant essential oils against some oral cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) and periodontopathic bacteria (Actinomyces odontolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum).

Methodology: Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): The antimicrobial activity of propolis and essential oils was investigated by the agar dilution method. Serial dilutions of essential oils were prepared in plates, and the assay plates were estimated to contain 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 µg/mL of active essential oils. Dilutions for propolis were 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.3 µg/mL of active propolis solutions.

Results: Propolis solutions dissolved in benzene, diethyl ether and methyl chloride, demonstrated equal effectiveness against all investigated oral bacteria (MIC=12.5 µg/mL). Propolis solution dissolved in acetone displayed MIC of 6.3 µg/mL only for Lactobacillus acidophilus. At the MIC of 12.5 µg/mL, essential oils of Salvia officinalis and Satureja kitaibelii were effective against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. For the latter, the MIC value of Salvia officinalis was twice higher.

Conclusions: The results indicate that propolis and plant essential oils appear to be a promising source of antimicrobial agents that may prevent dental caries and other oral infectious diseases.
Egg retention, viviparity and ovoviviparity in Paraneoptera
Authors: Gavrilov-Zimin Ilya A.
Published: August 2021

This article is a second part of the themed issue “Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera insects”, prepared by the Russian-Bulgarian research team. Here, analysis of aberrations related to the egg development is provided based on literature data and the author’s own investigations. Evolutionary aspects of ovoviviparity/viviparity are also briefly discussed. Material and methods, terminology and nomenclature of taxonomic names are listed in the first paper of the issue (Gavrilov-Zimin et al. 2021).
An archipelago within an archipelago: A checklist of liverworts and hornworts of Kepulauan Sunda Kecil (Lesser Sunda Islands), Indonesia and Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Authors: Nadhifah Ainun , Söderström Lars , Hagborg Anders , Iskandar Eka Aditya Putri , Haerida Ida , von Konrat Matt
Published: August 2021

The first ever liverwort and hornwort checklist is provided for the Kepulauan Sunda Kecil (Lesser Sunda Islands) of Indonesia and Timor-Leste (East Timor). We report 129 accepted taxa, 12 doubtful taxa and three rejected taxa previously reported for the Lesser Sunda Islands. The list is based on over 130 literature references, including monographs, regional studies, and molecular investigations. It is clear that bryophytes from this region have been overlooked historically, and under collected, compared to seed plants, birds, and other organisms, forming a remarkable gap in the flora of Indonesia. Publications dealing with liverworts of Lesser Sunda Islands are few and scattered. We predict that further fieldwork, in addition to collections unveiled from regional herbaria, will uncover a number of new records that remain to be reported, especially considering that regionally widespread species have been recorded elsewhere.
Morphology and molecules support the new monotypic genus Parainvolucrella (Rubiaceae) from Asia
Authors: Xu Yi-Da , Yuan Ming-Deng , Wang Rui-Jiang
Published: August 2021

Parainvolucrella R.J. Wang, a new monotypic genus for P. scabra (Wall. ex Kurz) M.D.Yuan & R.J.Wang, new combination, is segregated from the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Phylogenetically, the new genus is sister to Scleromitrion, from which it differs by a combination of morphological characters: herbaceous habit, terminal inflorescence with subtended leaves, heterostylous flowers, indehiscent fruits and pollen with double microreticulate tectum. A key to the genera of the Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex in China is provided for further identification.
Une académie très discrète : l’Académie de Montpellier (1648 ?-1665 ?)
Authors: Mazauric Simone
Published: August 2021

L’Académie de Montpellier (1648 ?-1665 ?) a connu en son temps une certaine renommée avant de tomber presque entièrement dans l’oubli. Fondée sur le modèle de l’Académie de Castres, elle témoigne elle aussi du dynamisme de la vie savante dans le Languedoc durant les décennies qui ont précédé la Révocation de l’Édit de Nantes. De rares sources permettent de se faire une idée assez précise de la composition sociale de cette académie, de l’identité de quelques-uns de ses membres ainsi que des sujets qui y étaient débattus. On s’interrogera in fine sur les raisons de son éviction de la mémoire savante aussi bien montpelliéraine que nationale.
« Je ne suis pas assez habile homme ». Philippe d’Orléans, frère de Louis XIV, et Nicolas Feuillet, chanoine de Saint-Cloud
Authors: Lurgo Elisabetta
Published: August 2021

Cet article propose quelques réflexions sur la religion de Philippe de France, duc d’Orléans, frère de Louis XIV, afin de mettre en valeur le rôle des possibilités offertes par la socialité de Cour à la religiosité d’un cadet de France, au-delà de son instruction formelle. L’attention est dirigée notamment sur les liens entre Monsieur et Nicolas Feuillet, chanoine de Saint-Cloud, considéré par ses contemporains comme un fervent janséniste.
Le rôle de la mobilité internationale dans les parcours académiques et professionnels des étudiants chinois en France
Authors: Bao Tana
Published: August 2021

Jusqu’au début du xxi e  siècle, très peu d’étudiants chinois venaient faire des études supérieures en France. Ils constituent aujourd’hui la plus importante communauté étudiante étrangère issue d’un pays non francophone (ils sont 27 315 en 2019-2020, Rosenwald, 2020). Cette arrivée résulte d’un choix stratégique lié à un contexte national particulier, où le résultat du baccalauréat détermine la réussite d’un étudiant. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur français sont accessibles aux étudiants issus de classes moyennes, voire populaires, à la différence des établissements des pays anglophones par exemple. Aujourd’hui, la mobilité des étudiants chinois n’est plus seulement une mobilité d’élite comme il y a trente ans. L’obtention d’un diplôme étranger renommé offre une nouvelle chance de promotion. Le flux migratoire se caractérise de plus en plus par des différenciations selon le milieu d’origine, le parcours antérieur, les motivations et les projets professionnels. La mobilité vers la France s’organise autour d’un modèle triptyque entre « seconde chance », capacité financière et attrait et place de la langue française dans le monde. Ainsi, ceux qui ne sont pas satisfaits de leur parcours en Chine se replient temporairement vers l’enseignement supérieur français pour être ensuite mieux armés pour affronter la concurrence sur le marché chinois des jeunes diplômés. Car, si les Chinois savent particulièrement bien hiérarchiser la valeur de leurs propres diplômes où s’illustrent de fortes inégalités entre les régions, la question est plus ouverte quant aux diplômes des pays étrangers. Par ailleurs, l’investissement que constitue le séjour en France est davantage rentabilisé lorsque les débouchés professionnels sont liés à l’usage de la langue française. La recherche d’un emploi est devenue plus difficile du fait de la concurrence provoquée par le retour au pays de nombreux étudiants chinois. Le « retour sur investissement » parait de moins en moins valable pour les jeunes générations.
Les étudiants sénégalais en France et le travail salarié : le « petit boulot » comme clé de lecture d’une migration en crise ?
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Oumar
Published: August 2021

La place que le travail salarié a prise au cours de l’histoire de la migration étudiante ouest-africaine en France nous semble encore largement méconnue. Or elle peut fournir des clés de lecture nouvelles et originales de la figure de l’étudiant ouest-africain en France. Au Sénégal par exemple, la crise économique des années 1970, en entrainant une réduction du nombre de bourses octroyées par l’État aux étudiants à l’étranger, s’est traduite avec le temps, chez beaucoup d’étudiants sans aides ni bourses de l’État, par un recours de plus en plus nécessaire à un « petit boulot » pour vivre en France. Se faisant, s’intéresser à la place du « petit boulot » dans les parcours de ces étudiants permet de dégager deux analyses nouvelles sur les réalités de ces étudiants africains en France. Premièrement, montrer comment le « petit boulot étudiant » est devenu progressivement un marqueur de prolétarisation et dégradation continuelle de leur condition de séjour en France. Ensuite, comment finalement, il devient l’un des marqueurs principaux de différenciation sociale entre étudiants sénégalais en France. Ce travail se base sur l’analyse des résultats de notre enquête de master et de thèse en sociologie entre 2013 et 2020 qui porte sur les parcours migratoires des étudiants sénégalais en France.
L’exemplarité comme fondement éthique de dirigeants à succès du Québec
Authors: Robichaud Alain
Published: August 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à l’utilisation du pouvoir et du rapport de force qu’il induit (discours, normalisation, surveillance et approches disciplinaires). Ce rapport de force subjectivise l’individu, l’amène à s’autodiscipliner, à devenir docile et à s’assujettir et est propice à des phénomènes d’abus de pouvoir. Par l’analyse de l’histoire de dirigeants québécois reconnus et détenteurs d’un grand pouvoir, nous montrons les dimensions permettant à un dirigeant d’exercer son pouvoir de manière responsable au travers d’un leadership sain. L’ exemplarité comme fondement éthique (ou constitution morale) représente une voie pertinente pour endiguer, dans une certaine mesure, les problématiques d’abus de pouvoir. La constitution morale d’un dirigeant prend son origine dans son histoire, dans le contexte d’une époque et d’une culture ainsi que dans des pratiques de soi. Ces dernières s’exercent dans un rapport conscient de soi à soi constitué de règles en lien avec un idéal de conduite à atteindre. La constitution morale rend possible une gouvernance de soi assumée et donc une gouvernance des autres plus saine et judicieuse.
Interagir au travail et en situation de formation : le cas des relations avec les parents dans le champ de l’éducation de l’enfance
Authors: Garcia Stéphanie
Published: August 2021

Cet article a pour ambition d’explorer les liens entre des interactions de formation et des interactions de travail dans un champ professionnel à forte composante langagière et interactionnelle, celui de l’accueil de jeunes enfants d’âge préscolaire en contexte institutionnel. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’étudier des interactions de formation où des professionnels expérimentent une démarche d’analyse sur des interactions de travail. L’analyse simultanée de ces deux niveaux permet non seulement d’identifier ce qui est relatif à une compétence d’interaction dans le travail, de rendre visible le processus de développement professionnel à l’œuvre dans le déroulement de la formation, mais également d’observer les opportunités liées à la superposition des situations d’interactions pour la conception de formation. Dans notre contexte, nous proposons de montrer comment le processus d’interaction en formation relève d’une organisation qui lui est propre et se distingue du processus d’interaction de travail.
Link theorem and distributions of solutions to uncertain Liouville-Caputo difference equations
Authors: Srivastava Hari Mohan , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Guirao Juan L. G. , Hamed Y. S.
Published: August 2021

We consider a class of initial fractional Liouville-Caputo difference equations (IFLCDEs) and its corresponding initial uncertain fractional Liouville-Caputo difference equations (IUFLCDEs). Next, we make comparisons between two unique solutions of the IFLCDEs by deriving an important theorem, namely the main theorem. Besides, we make comparisons between IUFLCDEs and their \begin{document}$ \varrho $\end{document}-paths by deriving another important theorem, namely the link theorem, which is obtained by the help of the main theorem. We consider a special case of the IUFLCDEs and its solution involving the discrete Mittag-Leffler. Also, we present the solution of its \begin{document}$ \varrho $\end{document}-paths via the solution of the special linear IUFLCDE. Furthermore, we derive the uniqueness of IUFLCDEs. Finally, we present some test examples of IUFLCDEs by using the uniqueness theorem and the link theorem to find a relation between the solutions for the IUFLCDEs of symmetrical uncertain variables and their \begin{document}$ \varrho $\end{document}-paths.
Recovering the initial condition in the one-phase Stefan problem
Authors: Ghanmi Chifaa , Aouadi Saloua Mani , Triki Faouzi
Published: August 2021

We consider the problem of recovering the initial condition in the one-dimensional one-phase Stefan problem for the heat equation from the knowledge of the position of the melting point. We first recall some properties of the free boundary solution. Then we study the uniqueness and stability of the inversion. The principal contribution of the paper is a new logarithmic type stability estimate that shows that the inversion may be severely ill-posed. The proof is based on integral equations representation techniques, and the unique continuation property for parabolic type solutions. We also present few numerical examples operating with noisy synthetic data.
Supporting Faculty and Students During Pandemic Conditions
Authors: Dennis Michelle
Published: August 2021

Events that are unforeseen in nature and have widespread impact demonstrate the potential to necessitate abrupt changes in both personal and professional parameters of life. Although university departments that are already primarily online are accustomed to operating in a predominately remote atmosphere, multiple adjustments were required to effectively support faculty and students during the early days of the global pandemic, COVID-19. This chapter will explore relevant challenges from the perspective of a chair of an online department. Included will be an analysis of considerations for an administrator's effective self-management during periods of abrupt change.
The Portuguese Football Federation's New Paradigm During COVID-19
Authors: Cayolla Ricardo Roseira , Coelho e Silva Manuel J. , Seabra André
Published: August 2021

Sport is probably the main form of physical activity. Football (i.e., soccer) is often mentioned as the most popular sport. Not surprisingly, the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) consistently registers the largest number of participants among 60 sport federations that are recognized by the Portuguese Government. To enhance quality, FPF created the Portugal Football School (PFS) aimed to promote education and applied research in parallel to knowledge transfer. The targets are players, managers, clinical professionals, nutritionists, and media. Until the emergence of the current pandemic, COVID-19, the educational model followed the traditional classroom setting for teaching and learning. This chapter's focus will be only on the PFS Education area and presenting results related to the PFS courses and participants in the pre-COVID-19 period and during COVID-19 pandemic time.
Support Vector Machine (SVM)-Based Optimal Design Procedure of Fly Ash Blended Concrete
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Lim Jong Yeon , Wang Xiao Yong , Han Yi
Published: August 2021

A support vector machine (SVM) is widely used for predicting the properties of fly ash blended concrete. However, the studies about the optimal design of fly ash blended concrete based on SVM are very limit. This study shows an SVM-based optimal design procedure of fly ash blended concrete. First, we built an SVM model and evaluated the compressive strength of fly ash blended concrete considering the effects of water to binder ratio, fly ash replacement ratio, and test ages. Second, we made parameter studies based on the SVM model. The parameter studies show that fly ash can improve the late age strength of concrete. This improvement is obvious for concrete with lower water to binder ratio. The optimal fly ash replacement ratio increases as the water to binder ratio decreases.
R-Curve Characterization of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Warm Mix Additive at Low Temperatures
Authors: Ghafari Sepehr , Moghadas Nejad Fereidoon
Published: August 2021

In a previous research by authors, a methodology was developed to derive J-R curves for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures using an elastic-plastic approach where a comprehensive understanding of crack propagation regime could be achieved. In this research, the effect of crumb rubber modification of HMA binder is studied in terms of R-curves and crack propagation at low temperatures. Mode I Single edge notched beam (SE(B)) fracture tests were conducted in temperature levels of 0 °C, -10 °C, and -20 °C. PG58-22 and PG64-22 binders were used in the fabrication of HMA samples. Modified specimens consist of 20% crumb rubber along with the incorporation of 3% warm mix admixture. Crack growth resistance curves were obtained in SE(B) tests by means of image processing and recording of the progressive crack length. Elastic-plastic J-R curves revealed that crumb rubber modified mixtures exhibit higher crack growth resistance for each bitumen performance grade. As well, increased ductility and cohesive energy can be observed according to the R-curves as the mixtures are modified by crumb rubber.
Progressive Collapse Resisting Capacity of RC Flat Slab Buildings with Varying Spans and Storey Heights
Authors: Garg Suyash , Agrawal Vinay , Nagar Ravindra
Published: August 2021

With no beams, reinforced concrete flat slab buildings are typically built to advance urban growth and to meet the architectural needs of large spans and low storey heights. Its behaviour to avoid a progressive collapse must therefore be investigated. In this research, the progressive collapse resistance of six-storey RC flat slab buildings with varying span lengths and floor heights is assessed by subjecting the building to three different instances of instantaneous removal of columns in the first storey, performing dynamic progressive collapse analysis as per GSA guidelines, and comparing the evaluated joint displacements and chord rotations at column removal locations with the permissible chord rotation for flat slab buildings as per DoD guidelines. The results have shown that the studied flat slab building with all different span lengths and floor heights is prone to progressive collapse. It is also observed that the vertical displacements and chord rotations at column removal positions increase as the span lengths and storey heights are increased alternately.
A Review of Empirical Literature on Maternal Factors and Child Malnutrition
Authors: Rathnayake R. M. L. , Semasinghe W. M. , Gunathilake M. M.
Published: August 2021

Malnutrition is a health complication leading to the downward economic development of any country. Children are the crucial group more prone to suffer from malnutrition than the other groups in the malnutrition circle. Identifying the different maternal factors affecting for child malnutrition is an important step in the process of reducing child malnutrition. The objective of this study is to accomplish a review of the empirical literature on maternal factors and child malnutrition by analyzing past empirical literature. The judgment sampling technique was utilized to select a sample of 40 research articles on the relationship between various factors and child malnutrition and the articles with the maternal factors were filtered and reviewed. Analyzing the data was achieved through the use of descriptive statistics and content analysis. The results found that more than 75% of journal articles reviewed have discussed the maternal factors affecting child malnutrition. Mothers’ Education, Mothers’ Breastfeeding practice, Maternal Health, Age of Mother (the current age of mother and mother’s age at pregnancy), BMI of mother, Mothers’ Employability and Mass Media expose are the most important maternal factors related to child malnutrition. The finding of this study suggests the future researchers study the maternal factors and child malnutrition focusing on school children since they were paid less attention by the reviewed research studies. The results may be a guide for future researchers and scholars who are interesting in the issue and may inform the health sector where effective future intervention should be improved to overcome the incidence of child malnutrition.
Simplified Analysis of an Emergency Flare Maneuver
Authors: Ferrarese Gastone
Published: August 2021

This technical note describes a simplified study of the flare maneuver of a helicopter at the end of an autorotation descent. Energy methods and momentum theory were utilized for the analysis of the parameters involved in the flare maneuver. A simulation was run on the basis of the data available for a commercial helicopter. The results are discussed, and a series of parameters are defined for the performance analysis of the flare maneuver.
miR-4487 Enhances Gefitinib-Mediated Ubiquitination and Autophagic Degradation of EGFR in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Targeting USP37
Authors: Kim Mi Seong , Kim So Hui , Yang Sei Hoon , Kim Min Seuk
Published: August 2021

PurposeWith the identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being used widely as the first-line of treatment in NSCLC. These inhibitors block auto-phosphorylation of activated EGFR by competing with ATP binding and mediate EGFR degradation independent of exogenous epidermal growth factor, which is associated with the mutation variants of EGFR. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the TKI-mediated EGFR degradation are still unclear.Materials and MethodsTo examine the physiological roles of miR-4487 and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 37 (USP37) in gefitinib-mediated EGFR degradation in NSCLC cells, multiple NSCLC cell lines were applied. The level of EGFR expression, apoptosis marker and autophagic flux were determined by western blot. Expression level of miR-4487 and cell cycle arrest was analyzed by TaqMan assay and flow cytometry respectively.ResultsWe found that gefitinib mediates EGFR degradation under normal culture conditions, and is dependent on autophagic flux and the mutation variants of EGFR. Gefitinib reduced expression levels of USP37, which mediated EGFR degradation similar to gefitinib. Our results also showed a gefitinib-mediated increase in endogenous miR-4487 level and presented evidence for the direct targeting of USP37 by miR-4487, resulting in the sequential enhancement of ubiquitination, autophagy, and EGFR degradation. Thus, the depletion of USP37 and overexpression of miR-4487 led to an increase in gefitinib-mediated apoptotic cell death. ConclusionThese data suggest that miR-4487 is a potential target for treating NSCLC, and miR-4487/USP37-regulated EGFR degradation is a determinant for developing gefitinib resistance.
Representaciones de género en los planes de lectura complementaria de cuarto básico en Chile
Authors: López de Lérida Milicic Jimena
Published: August 2021

Investigaciones realizadas en Europa y Estados Unidos sugieren que los libros infantiles muestran imágenes estereotipadas de los roles femeninos y masculinos. Este estudio revisó las representaciones de género en los planes de lectura complementaria de 4º básico en Chile. El corpus de 247 libros provino de 20 escuelas de La Pintana, con estudiantes de familias de bajos ingresos, y 18 escuelas de Vitacura, que tiene principalmente estudiantes de familias de muy altos ingresos. Se revisó la presencia de autores e ilustradores femeninos vs. masculinos, y la presencia y características de los personajes masculinos vs. femeninos en textos e ilustraciones. Se concluyó, de acuerdo con estudios previos, que existe sesgo de género. Los personajes masculinos están asociados a los roles principales y a una gama amplia de ocupaciones, mientras que los personajes femeninos son menos importantes y están relegados a ocupaciones “femeninas”. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por nivel socioeconómico.
Wdrażanie narzędzi zarządzania projektowego do procesu organizacji wystaw. Studium przypadku Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie (2016–2019)
Authors: Treit Dominika , Hyska Kamila
Published: August 2021

Implementation of Project Management Tools to the Exhibition Organization Process. Case Study of the National Museum in Krakow (2016–2019)

How to thoroughly improve the process of organizing exhibitions in a cultural institution? Is project management in a museum possible? How to implement new tools? What to do after initiating a change? This article provides answers to these questions through a case study prepared by the Head of the Exhibition Organization Department and the Head of the Coordinators Section of the National Museum in Krakow, directly responsible for the exhibition organization process. The article describes the events from 2016 to 2019. This includes an audit of the existing process of exhibition organization, implementation of corrective measures, introduction of new tools, their updating and verification, taking into account such solutions as treating the exhibition as a project, PRINCE2 and Scrum methods, a detailed description of the process, and creating standardized templates of project documents, i.e. a list of objects, project charter, project schedule, partial schedule, project budget, evaluation. These activities resulted in the improvement of team cooperation, the elimination of avoidable delays, the automation and acceleration of the process of preparing project documentation, making the obligations of individual team members public, submitting project data to the stakeholders of a given project on an ongoing basis, reducing the amount of manual work, and reducing the cost of the implementation of individual projects.
Rozwój zjawiska mobbingu w miejscu pracy w warunkach polskich – implikacje dla pracy socjalnej
Authors: Klimkiewicz Karolina , Cierpisz Honorata
Published: August 2021

The development of mobbing in the workplace in Polish conditions – implications for social work

The current understanding of the concept of mobbing, its tactics and methods used by mobbers, as well as the legal status, scale and effects of mobbing in the workplace in Poland, compared with other European Union countries were characterized. The summary also discusses the reasons for the persistence of this phenomenon in our country, with proposals for effective fight to combat it, and even to abolish it.
Schematy poznawcze wśród kobiet z grupy Tzotzil w rejonie Los Altos de Chiapas w Meksyku
Authors: Tołsty Natalia
Published: August 2021

The Narrative Scripts among the Maya Tzotzil Women in the Area of Los Altos de Chiapas in Mexico
Narrative scripts organize the interpretation of each individual’s experience. New gained knowledge is filer out by these structures, largely shaped by the environment. Therefore, they may be conditioned to some extent by culture. There is an analysis of three cognitive scripts of Maya Tzotzil women from Los Altos de Chiapas area in Mexico: traditional orthodox, traditional unorthodox and anti-traditional. At the same time, there is an interpretation of these constructions, taking into account the cultural specificity.
Streszczenie
Schematy poznawcze organizują interpretację doświadczeń każdej jednostki. Nowa zdobyta wiedza jest filtrowana przy pomocy tych struktur myślowych, kształtowanych w dużym stopniu przez otoczenie. W związku z tym mogą być one warunkowane w jakimś stopniu przez kulturę. Artykuł zawiera analizę trzech schematów poznawczych przedstawicielek Majów Tzotzil z terenów Los Altos de Chiapas w Meksyku: tradycyjnego ortodoksyjnego, tradycyjnego nieortodoksyjnego oraz anty-tradycyjnego. Równocześnie poddaje interpretacji wspomniane konstrukcje, uwzględniając specyfikę kulturową mieszkanek tego terenu.
Determination of the effect of different gravity methods on the removal of ash and sulfur from Arguvan lignite
Authors: AKSOĞAN KORKMAZ Aydan
Published: August 2021

This study, it is aimed to find out the beneficiation of Malatya-Arguvan lignite by gravity methods. First of all, the washability of lignite has been investigated with sink-float experiments. It has been determined that lignite washability from washing curves is generally difficult but may be possible with controlled washing at a density of 1.68 g /cm3. Then, to remove ash and sulfur from lignite by shaking table, spiral and Falcon concentrator tests were conducted. Clean coals are obtained from all other methods except Falcon were found to decrease in ash and sulfur content and increase in calorific value. Clean coals with the lowest ash and sulfur content were obtained with a spiral concentrator. Reichert spiral results showed that the ash content decreased from the lignite of 37.77% to 26.50% and the sulfur content from 3.85% to 2.08%. The calorific value increased from 2576 kcal/kg to 4590 kcal/kg. Arguvan lignite has very limited usage due to lower calorific value, high ash and sulfur content. Although enrichment has been carried out, it has been concluded that lignite needs to be further improved by using different methods.
Vologda experience of convicts’ correction: retrospective analysis or historical aspect
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, KRYUKOVA O. YU. , KUBYSHKIN A. N. ,   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
Published: August 2021

The paper examines the historical aspects of the creation and application in practice of the Vologda experience of correcting convicts, developed in the 1960s – 1970s by I. P. Zaitsev based on the pedagogical ideas of A. S. Makarenko. The peculiarity of the experience consisted in the formation of primary collectives of convicts, which have a positive impact on the personality of criminals serving their sentences as well as in the system of conferring individual titles, which in turn was an incentive for correction.
Law and order research paradigms
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, SVININ E. V. , BERESTYUK I. V. ,   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia
Published: August 2021

Paradigms play an important role in the activities of the scientific community, contributing to the acquisition of new knowledge, they create conditions for the integration of scientists into a single group of like-minded people. At the same time their content and significance in relation to specific legal phenomena have not been sufficiently studied. The article attempts to scientifically comprehend legal paradigms regarding the phenomenon of "law and order", which is well known to legal science. According to the authors the paradigm of the study of law and order is of a formal legal nature, the basis of which is formed by the idea of a purely legal nature of the phenomenon, in combination with a specific linear determinism, which leaves an imprint on the perception of the model of the relationship between law and order as a cause and consequence. The authors express a number of critical judgments in relation to the formal legal paradigm, note the signs of the formation in the scientific community of a new binary paradigm in the study of the law and order.
Criminal infraction as a mean of differentiating criminal responsibility and punishment
Authors:   Chairman of the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Moscow City Court, BABAYANTS E. A.
Published: August 2021

Discussions caused by the initiative of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the introduction of a new category of offenses – criminal infraction which can occupy an intermediate link between an administrative offense and a criminal offense – do not stop. The article reveals the concept of a criminal infraction, lists its main features, considers the feasibility of introducing this category into domestic criminal legislation. A brief analysis of the legislation of a number of foreign countries is also given, the possibility of applying such experience in Russian conditions is assessed. The conclusion is formulated that it is necessary to recognize as fair the arguments challenging the necessity of adopting the draft law in the form in which it was submitted for consideration by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that in those countries where the category of criminal offense was introduced, a fundamental reform of the criminal legislation was required: a total revision of the norms of the existing criminal legislation or the adoption of a separate Code of criminal infractions (for example, in Kyrgyzstan). Based on this the draft law under consideration appears to be a half-measure, which will lead to the complication of the existing legal regulation. The most correct way to resolve the problem under consideration would be to reduce the number of minor offenses in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Retrospective analysis of legislation providing liability for crimes in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, PAVLENKOV R. V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation and development of criminal legislation, which provides for liability for crimes in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs. The main trends in the development of criminal punishment in this area are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that in different historical periods of the development of the Russian state the legislator reacted differently to violations in the area under study. Legislation changed, improved taking into account the realities and needs of each historical stage.
The systemacy of the criminal law: fundamental requirement or phantom?
Authors:   Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, SEREDIN A. A.
Published: August 2021

The content of the work reveals systemacy as a basic requirement of the legislation. The article demonstrates the contradictory nature of the criminal law, the imbalance of its elements, the tolerance of the legislator and society as a whole to the actual unsystematic nature of law. In the aspect of the need to implement a systematic approach, the author discloses in sufficient detail the issues of the origins of the systemic problems of the criminal law, the delimitation of criminal and non-criminal, the mutual influence of the norms of the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the correspondence of the punishment for a specific crime to the gravity of the latter, the admissibility of using certain measures of legal response as a criminal-legal or otherwise, related problems of systematization of domestic legislation in a global sense are touched upon. 92 IUS PUBLICUM ET PRIVATUM The basis of the legislative system is analyzed. Considering the requirement of consistency as a key point of legislative design the author tried to demonstrate the need to consolidate the interrelation of its elements on the basis of common criteria. Special attention is paid to the latter in the article. In this regard the necessity of using the appropriate tools for systematization is substantiated: a scale for measuring the general level of public danger, a scale for measuring the level of public danger, a scale for determining the level of punitive influence, a scale for determining the level of punitive influence of measures of state coercion within the framework of various branches of law. In general terms measures are proposed to resolve the shortcomings of the criminal law in terms of unsystemacy.
ОЦЕНКА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ МЯСНЫХ ПАШТЕТОВ, ОБОГАЩАЕМЫХ БЕЛКОВО-МИНЕРАЛЬНЫМ КОМПЛЕКСОМ ИЗ ВТОРИЧНОГО РЫБНОГО СЫРЬЯ ГОРЯЧЕГО КОПЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Степанова Ксения Алексеевна , Байдалинова Лариса Степановна
Published: August 2021

Рассматривается возможность реализации частично безотходной техноло-гии производства консервов «Шпроты в масле» на базе рыбоперерабатывающих предприятий Калининградской области. Показана эффективность и безопасность применения белково-минерального комплекса (БМК), получаемого путем гидро-термолиза голов кильки горячего копчения, для обогащения мясных продуктов. Определена функциональность БМК по содержанию кальция. Массовая доля кальция и фосфора в БМК составляет 6,5 и 4 % соответственно. Рассчитаны со-держание кальция и фосфора и их соотношение в мясном паштете, обогащенном белково-минеральным комплексом. Введение этой добавки в мясные продукты в количестве 5 % повышает содержание кальция в них (37 % от суточной нормы его потребления в пересчете на 100 г продукта) и обеспечивает оптимальное для усвоения организмом соотношение кальция и фосфора. Доказана безопасность обогащенного мясного паштета по содержанию бенз(а)пирена, нормируемого в копченой продукции. Дана рекомендация по допустимому уровню бенз(а)пирена в БМК – не более 0,016 мг/кг. Срок годности паштета в упаковке с низкими барьерными свойствами с учетом коэффициента резерва составил 12 сут при температуре хранения (4±2) ºС. Не выявлено значительное влияние БМК на изменение микробной обсемененности и, соответственно, на срок годности экспериментальных образцов паштета в сравнении с контрольными. Даны рекомендации по возможному увеличению срока годности паштета. Обнаружена высокая вероятность несоответствия мясного сырья микробиологическим нормативам, чему необходимо уделять серьезное внимание при организации производства мясной продукции.
ПОДХОД К РАСЧЕТУ УДЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛА ПРИ РЕЗАНИИ РЫБЫ
Authors: Агеев Олег Вячеславович , Наумов Владимир Аркадьевич , Фатыхов Юрий Адгамович , Самойлова Наталья Владимировна
Published: August 2021

Показана актуальность разработки комплекса математических моделей, позволяющих рассчитать удельную работу при резании рыбы с целью определения коэффициента полезного действия элементарного ножа. Получено выражение для вычисления безразмерной удельной работы разрушения мышечных волокон. Сформулирована модель расчета указанной величины при упругом вырыве волокна с большой скоростью деформирования. Определена удельная работа вязкого разрыва при большой скорости резания. Получена математическая модель, позволяющая вычислить безразмерную удельную работу, необходимую на упругий вырыв волокна при не очень больших скоростях. Рассчитана безразмерная удельная работа вязкого разрыва волокна при не очень малых скоростях. Численным методом определены зависимости безразмерных удельных работ упругого вырыва и вязкого разрыва от безразмерной скорости деформирования. Установлено, что с ростом безразмерной скорости происходит нелинейное увеличение безразмерной удельной работы вязкого разрыва. При достижении максимального значения безразмерной удельной работы разрушения, соответствующего характерной безразмерной скорости, происходит смена вязкого разрыва на упругий вырыв волокна. При этом с дальнейшим ростом безразмерной скорости безразмерная удельная работа упругого разрушения изменяется немонотонно. При мере эластичности материала 3; 5; 8; 12 максимальные значения удельной работы разрушения составляют 0,0694; 0,0417; 0,0262; 0,0173 и достигаются при характерных безразмерных скоростях 0,0982; 0,0549; 0,0331; 0,0218, при этом минимальные значения безразмерной удельной работы упругого вырыва составляют 0,05761; 0,02714; 0,01279; 0,00641 и достигаются при безразмерной скорости 0,248; 0,217; 0,187; 0,161 соответственно. С увеличением меры эластичности материала максимальная безразмерная удельная работа разрушения и минимальная работа упругого вырыва существенно снижаются. Также с ростом меры эластичности уменьшается значение характерной безразмерной скорости, при которой вязкий разрыв сменяется упругим вырывом.
IMPLEMENTING MULTICULTURAL VALUES OF STUDENTS THROUGH RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ISLAMIC GLOBAL SCHOOL MALANG CITY
Authors: Fausi Ach Fikri
Published: August 2021

Abstract: The internalization of multicultural values ​​is carried out as an effort to introduce the diversity of Indonesian society. This means that the internalization of multicultural values ​​wants to provide planting for students to respect and have good humanistic qualities among their peers. Internalization of values ​​is a way to introduce diversity and differences to students without questioning the differences that each student has. From the results of observations at SD-Islamic Global School Malang City, educators has properly applied multicultural internalization to students through religious culture. This discovery aims to obtain concrete, definite and accountable clarity regarding the internalization of multicultural values ​​to students through religious culture in SD-Islamic Global School Malang City. This study aims to: 1) Understand the religious culture model in SD-Islamic Global School Malang City, 2) identify multicultural values ​​internalized through religious culture in SD Islamic Global School Malang City, and 3) describe the process of internalizing multicultural values through religious culture in SD Islamic Global School Malang City. To achieve this goal, this study used a qualitative research approach by selecting the background of SD Islamic Global School Malang, then the researcher used a case study research type. The results showed that: 1) Religious culture model in SD-Islamic Global School Malang City is divided into two types, namely: a) the value of devotion to God, and b) human values. 2) There are two types of multicultural values ​​internalized through religious culture in SD-Islamic Global School Malang, namely: a) democratic values. b) The value of tolerance, 3) The process of internalizing the multicultural values ​​of students through religious culture at SD-Islamic Global School Malang: a) role models, teachers b) habits, and c) through Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in the Philippines: Meeting National and Global Targets at the Local Level
Authors: Molina Victorio , Sison Olivia , Medina John Robert , Ayes Cyrille Nahla , Joe Joseph Aaron , Balizario Vicente
Published: August 2021

As national and global water, sanitation, and hygiene targets have been set and programs have been implemented, the study aimed to assess the attainment of these targets at the local level in selected areas in Davao region, the Philippines. Randomly selected households were assessed for water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators using a modified tool that combined national guidelines and global recommendations. Validated access to improved water source for drinking was below the targets in most barangays, while validated sanitary toilet coverages in all barangays did not meet the targets. Significant difference was observed between validated and reported access to improved water and sanitation services in some barangays. Approximately 87.5% of households had a handwashing facility, but only 51.2% of which had both water and soap available. Achieving the targets is challenged by the gap in monitoring due to a decentralized health system in the Philippines. There is a need to standardize indicators and optimize the tool to allow a comprehensive assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene practices. This will help generate local data that are in line with national guidelines and global recommendations to enhance policy and to determine priority areas for improved water, sanitation, and hygiene service delivery.
Visual Quality Analysis of Educational Institutions and Their Surroundings: A Case Study of Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Authors:   Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Landscape Architecture, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey, Sezen Isik , Kulekci Elif Akpinar , Karadag Erdem
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to analyze the visual quality of the Educational Institutions and their Surroundings (EITS) in the campus of Ataturk University in Erzurum city of Turkey. Visual Quality Analysis Questionnaire was applied to 74 students studying at the Faculty of Architecture and Design. The questionnaire consisted of 21 EITS. Results were analyzed using Variance and Duncan multiple comparison. It was determined that Faculty of Fishery (EITS13) had the highest visual quality score (3.243), followed by Agriculture Faculty (EITS1: 3.134) and the Divine Faculty (EITS2: 2.906). The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine had the lowest visual quality score (EITS11: 2.165), followed by High-Tech Research Centre (EITS20: 2.243) and Faculty of Law (EITS16: 2.315). Statistically significant relationship was found between the department of the students and the scores they gave to Sports Science Faculty (EITS1), Education Faculty (EITS4), Faculty of Medicine (EITS10), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (EITS11), Faculty of Fine Arts and Tourism (EITS15), and Rectorate Building (EITS19). Among the Visual Quality Criteria (VQC) of EITS, accessibility to the structure (VQC12) was the most effective criterion (2.927, p<0.05). This study recommended the correction of design deficiencies to compensate for the lack of visual quality of new buildings or to improve the entire landscape of the campus.
Framing Model of FPI News on MetroTV
Authors: Santoso Puji
Published: August 2021

The research has a specific objective, namely how the national news television station MetroTV media tends to construct news reality about the Islamic Defenders Front Islamic organization which later changed to the Islamic Brotherhood Front or FPI for short in the 2016-2017 period. Furthermore, the content analysis of MetroTV television media will find framing tendencies as well as find framing models on MetroTV television media in constructing news about FPI in the 2016-2017 period. This research method focuses on collecting, analyzing media content (framing studies), and mixing quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of studies. The main premise is the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in combination (mixed method), by providing a better understanding of the research problem because it uses two approaches at once. The main instrument in this study is the researcher himself who collects data through the website from metrotvnews.com in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and conducts relevant documentation studies related to the object under study such as literature, blogspot, internet (online), e-journals, and reports on the results of similar research that are considered relevant. The results of this study found that the news television station under study, namely MetroTV, tends to construct and framing all FPI news that enters the newsroom. In addition, it was found that there is a framing model that MetroTV tends to do. MetroTV's coverage of FPI is always constructed in such a way that it produces text and visuals (frames) which in turn give rise to messages and meanings that give effect and a religious stigma to the masses of Muslims in general.