bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metodología Lean Construction en la mejora de la producción, caso de estudio: red de alcantarillado Av. Cieza De León – La Purísima
Authors: Marin Noe
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue aplicar la metodología Lean Construction para mejorar la producción, en la red de alcantarillado Av. Cieza De León – La Purísima. El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental – cuantitativo, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y la observación, donde se recogió datos de rendimiento de hora, también se verifico las partidas de la red de alcantarillado. Las conclusiones que llega la investigación son el un aumento notable de la producción en el rendimiento de mano de obra en un 10.5 %, reducción de las pérdidas de productividad en un 13.83 % y un ahorro en el costo directo de S/.21, 523.52 soles. Las principales pérdidas fue el desconocimiento de los procesos de gestión, malos procesos constructivos y la ausencia de control en los trabajos.
Puntos de acupuntura prohibidos durante el embarazo: ¿mito o realidad?
Authors: Padilla Witre
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio es una revisión y análisis sobre la veracidad de los puntos de acupuntura prohibidos durante el embarazo, a la luz de las evidencias científicas y las opiniones de los expertos acupunturistas modernos. No se encontraron suficientes ensayos ni análisis de estudios clínicos como para llegar a una conclusión definitiva sobre el tema. Sin embargo, esas evidencias y las opiniones de los expertos, inclinan a considerar que antes que prohibidos, tales puntos deben utilizarse con prudencia, dependiendo de la edad gestacional y las condiciones de la paciente, y estimulados por un profesional con formación y competencia en el método de la acupuntura.
Osmanlı Tarihsel Anlatısına Görsel Bir Kaynak: Dirk van der Hagen Atlası’na Yansıyan Savaş Gravürleri
Authors: IŞIK YAYLA Rumeysa
Published: December 2020

Dünya haritacılık tarihinin yükselişe geçtiği XVI. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan atlas kavramı, başlangıçta harita derlemeleri için kullanılmış olsa da bu tarif zamanla değişikliğe uğrayarak, harita içindeki yerler hakkında bilgi veren kitap formu ile özdeşleşmiştir. Bölgenin coğrafyasına özgü topografik detayları içeren bu eserler, aynı zamanda devrin tarihi ve sosyal gelişimine ışık tutan resimlerle bezenmiştir. Bu türün ilk örneklerinden birisi de Hollanda Kraliyet Kütüphanesi’nde muhafaza edilen 1690 tarihli Dirk van der Hagen Atlası’dır. Dört cilt halinde hazırlanmış olan yapıt, tarih ve coğrafya atlası niteliğinde derlenmiş kompozit bir harita kitabıdır. Dönemin en erken tarihli ülke haritalarını kapsaması konusunda adeta bir model teşkil eden atlas, siyasi gelişmeleri ele alan resimlerden mitolojik sahnelere, şehir manzaralarından peyzaj görünümlerine kadar çok sayıda renkli baskıyı içinde barındırmaktadır. Makalenin konusunu, atlasın gravürleri arasında yer alan ve Osmanlı savaş tarihine görsel anlamda katkıda bulunan resimler oluşturmaktadır. Kandiye Kuşatması (1667-1669) ile başlayıp, II. Viyana Muhasarasıyla (1683) devam eden, Anabolu (1686) ve Belgrad (1688) mücadelelerini konu alan bu tasvirler, çalışmada metin-resim ilişkisi bağlamında ikonografik olarak yorumlanmıştır. Söz konusu gravürler üzerinden, devrin siyasi ve tarihsel süreci takip edilerek ressamın vermiş olduğu mesaj irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu sayede XVII. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihinin savaş meydanlarındaki görsel anlatısına katkıda bulunularak resmin okunabilirliği tartışılmıştır.
The Individual and Work in a Digital Economy
Authors: Kolosova Riorita , Razumova Tatiana , Artamonova Marina
Published: December 2020

The article presents an overview of the materials of the annual scientific conference «Lomonosov readings-2019», reflecting the reports made at the section «Individual and work in the digital economy», dedicated to the significant date - the 100th anniversary of the International labour organization (ILO). The speakers actively discussed the development of social and labor sphere of modern Russia, its future in the conditions of digitalization and humanization, the problems of formation and development of human potential and transformation of labor relations in the digital economy, as well as prospects and risks in the regional, sectoral and corporate labour markets in connection with digitalization. The discussions identified and justified the need to consolidate efforts to establish an Association of labor economists, to continue the tradition of holding annual international inter-University scientific conferences for the exchange of scientific ideas and consistently project the position of the ILO in science, practice and in the teaching process.
General Economy: Algorithm for World Economic Crises Forecast (Evidence of 2008)
Authors: Sorokin Aleksandr
Published: December 2020

The crisis of 2008 was a surprise for both the neoclassical and the Marxist branches of economic science, which could not predict the exact timing of its onset. The crisis contributed to the revival of interest in the «Capital» of Marx, whose model can be brought into line with the modern level of natural sciences. General economy – a hierarchical multi-level model of the market economy – a significant «upgrade» of the «Capital» of Marx on the basis of the method of constructing the genome of biological species (in it the commodity is not a «cell» but a «DNA molecule») – explains the various micro- and macroeconomic processes in including crises. The model contains an algorithm for forecasting global crises. The crisis is the result of periodic overaccumulation of capital. Harbingers of absolute overaccumulation, or global crisis are investment growth, employment growth, lower investment growth rates, unemployment reduction, and wage growth. Such dynamics of the linkage of indicators was observed in 2003–2007. It serves as a basis for forecasting the crisis and developing an indicator of the danger of the crisis
Information-Digital Economy: Concept, Basic Parameters and Implementation Mechanisms
Authors: Osipov Yurij , Yudina Tamara , Geliskhanov Islam
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the features of a new stage of information economy development de- ﬁ ned by the authors as the Information-Digital Economy (IDE). The authors present the concept of the IDE, its main parameters (information-digital technologies, beneﬁ ts, capital and rent) and consider its realization mechanisms (digital platforms). Based on the analysis of the development trends of the IDE, a conclusion was made on the formation of the Global Hybrid Organized Space (GHOS).
Issues of Environmental Impairment Liability Insurance in the Russian Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Popova Anna
Published: December 2020

The author studies environmental insurance in nature management as a lever of management measures to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution by oil products during their transportation and oil fields development. The research aims to develop recommendations for environmental risks insurance in Russian oil and gas industry on the basis of economic and mathematical model that allows to estimate the scale of environmental pollution by oil products. Such methods as system and comparative analysis, expert assessments, forecasting, modeling used in this work helped the author to identify Russian environmental insurance features; to propose a method for solving the problem concerning the lack of statistical data on the frequency and scale of accidents and the environmental damage magnitude by mathematical modeling of the accident, which allows to estimate the radius and depth of the underlying surface pollution. These developments will help insurers to make more adequate insurance premiums and tariffs, as well as to improve the underwriting procedure for unique oil and gas projects. But in order for the obtained achievements to find their application, it is necessary to have legislation obliging oil companies to compensate for environmental damage, and due to the scale of such damage, oil companies will be obliged to insure the relevant risks.
Issues of the Sustainable Development Measurement of the Arctic region
Authors: Nikonorov Sergey , Papenov Konstantin , Krivichev Aleksandr , Sitkina Kira
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the approaches to achieve sustainable development of the Arctic territories. Measuring sustainability is one of the important aspects in the formation of state and corporate policies. Sustainable development of the region requires to solve three issues: 1) to improve the quality of life of the population; 2) to reduce social inequality; 3) to reduce the anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems. The article analyzes two author’s methods: compiling a sustainable development rating of the Russian Federation’s regions, fully or partially included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and companies operating in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Polar Index); development of a sustainable development rating for the regions and companies of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region (Barents-Polar Index). These studies will be useful to representatives of companies and the leadership of the Russian regions to move towards sustainable development based on the “green” economy.
Risk factors for negative T-SPOT.TB assay results in patients with confirmed active tuberculosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Shangguan Yanwan , Fang Hong , Wang Shuting , Ji Zhongkang , Shi Pei , Feng Xuewen , Xu Kaijin
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The interferon-γ release assays as potent adjunct tools for the quick detection of TB in high burden countries is feasible. In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for negative T-SPOT results in confirmed active tuberculosis.

Methodology: We consecutively enrolled 1,021 patients who were positive for acid-fast bacilli smear staining or culture-confirmed mycobacterial infection and simultaneously tested with the T-SPOT.TB assay. All of the included specimens were used to discriminate the Mycobacterium species using the biochip assay. We collected basic clinical characteristics and laboratory results for further analysis.

Results: Of the 1,021 patients enrolled in the study, 89 patients were identified as having nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Ninety-nine patients were excluded from the analysis because of indeterminate T-SPOT.TB results, while the remaining 833 patients were identified as having Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In total, 159 patients had false-negative T-SPOT.TB results (19.1% of 833). The concordance rate between the T-SPOT.TB results and final diagnoses in females was always lower than that in males. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.19, 2.7; p = 0.006), age (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01, 1.03; p = 0.003), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-negative (OR 5.45; 95% CI 3.62, 8.19; p < 0.001), HIV coinfection (OR 6.83; 95% CI 2.73, 17.10; p < 0.001) were associated with negative T-SPOT.TB result.

Conclusions: Female is another independent risk factor of negative T-SPOT.TB results, besides to elder, HIV co-infection, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-negative who are suspected of having active TB infection.
Inducible clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus in Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt
Authors: Kishk Rania Mohammed , Anani Maha Mohammed , Nemr Nader Attia , Soliman Nashaat Mohamed , Fouad Marwa Mohamed
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The increasing incidence of methicillin resistance among Staphylococci has led to renewed interest in the usage of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics to treat S. aureus infections, with clindamycin being the preferable agent owing to its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Inducible clindamycin resistance my lead to therapeutic failure.

Aim: Detection of the prevalence of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of S. aureus to improve the clinical outcomes in patients.

Methodology: A total of 176 non-duplicate staphylococcal isolates were isolated from different clinical samples. Methicillin resistance was detected using Cefoxitin disk diffusion (CDD) method. Phenotypic clindamycin resistance was performed for all isolates by D test. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay were done for detection of erm resistance genes (ermA, ermB and ermC).

Results: Out of 176 strains of S. aureus, 108 isolates (61.3%) were identified as MRSA. Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was detected in 96 isolates (54.5%) and 68 isolates (38.6%) respectively. Clindamycin resistance (cMLSB) was significantly higher (p value < 0.001) in MRSA strains (56 isolates) compared to MSSA (12 isolates). Resistant genes were detected in 160 isolates (91%). The ermA gene was detected in 28 isolates (16%), the ermB gene was detected in 80 isolates (45.5%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions and recommendations: The frequency of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance in MRSA isolates emphasizes the need to use D test in routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing to detect the susceptibility to clindamycin as the inducible resistance phenotype can inhibit the action of clindamycin and affect the treatment efficacy.
Helicobacter pullorum: A potential hurdle emerging pathogen for public health
Authors: Abd El-Ghany Wafaa A
Published: December 2020

Emerging zoonotic pathogens gain more attention due to the adverse effects on human and animal’s health and productivity. One of these zoonotic pathogens is Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) which was firstly diagnosed in 1994. This bacterium is enterpathogenic in poultry and contaminates the carcasses meat during processing or improper handling. Human can get H. pullorum infection mainly through mishandling of contaminated carcasses or consumption of undercooked meat. Infection of H. pullorum in human is associated with gastroenteritis and hepatitis. Diagnosis of H. pullorum is very difficult as misdiagnosis with other enteric zoonotic pathogens like Campylobacter and other Helicobacter species is common. Unlike other types of Helicobacter, there are little information and few researches regarding prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of H. pullorum infection either animals or human. Accordingly, this review article was prepared to give more details about H. pullorum sources of infection, pathogenicity, incidence in poultry and human as well as its treatment.
A comparative study between a single-dose and 24-hour multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for elective hysterectomy
Authors: Akkour Khalid Mohammed , Arafah Maria Abdulrahim , Alhulwah Mais Mohammed , Badaghish Rana Saeed , Alhalal Hani Abdulmohsen , Alayed Nada Mohammed , Alqahtani Sarah Batel , Iqbal Shazia Shahzad Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major health issue in surgical specialties in terms of health care costs and patients’ clinical outcomes. At the level of the patient, prolonged hospital stays or readmissions for SSIs, can affect the patient’s quality of life. At the level of the health care system, it exhausts the hospital’s resources and increases the burden on the medical staff due to the need for continuous wound care, microbiological cultures, laboratory tests and medications. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of two antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for the prevention of SSIs in patients undergoing elective hysterectomy surgeries.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort, analyzing 141 patients, was conducted between November 2016 and January 2019 at a university hospital. We compared the efficacy of a single dose vs. 24-hour multiple doses of Cefazolin in patients who underwent elective hysterectomy for benign or malignant indications. The secondary objective was to identify potential risk factors associated with SSIs.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups (p = 0.872). Obesity and a laparotomy surgical approach are risk factors to the development of SSIs (p = 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Other potential risk factors include the duration of hospital stay, the duration of the surgery and the amount of blood loss.

Conclusions: Although the rate of SSIs is not significantly different between both groups, risk stratification can be done after screening patients and the prophylactic regimen must be tailored for each patient in a cost-effective manner and using a multidisciplinary approach.
Multi-parasite infection in an immigrant from Ghana: potential for new epidemic foci
Authors: Fiamma Maura , Longoni Silvia S , Siddig Emmanuel E , Attene Sonia , Astone Vito , Nicoletti Antonio , Paglietti Bianca , Santona Antonella , Fele Angela , Ivaldi Riccardo , Logias Francesco
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Imported parasitosis, which do not require an invertebrate vector, are extremely dangerous and can lead to the occurrence of disease in currently parasite free areas. In the present study we report a case of multi-parasitic infection in a young immigrant from Ghana to Italy caused by filaria, Schistosoma sp. and Strongyloides sp.

Case presentation: A 27-year-old Ghanaian man attended the Hospital of Nuoro (Sardinia), Italy, at the end of August 2015, claiming pain to the kidney and hypertensive crisis; the patient presented with dyspnea and epistaxis, chronic itchy skin of the back, shoulders, arms and legs, anuria and high creatinine, metabolic acidosis and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Serological test for parasitic infections were done, and showed a marked positivity for filaria, Schistosoma sp. and Strongyloides sp. The patient started the treatment immediately with two doses per day of Bassado Antibiotic (tetracycline) for twenty days and then with a single dose of 3 mg of ivermectin that was repeated after 3 months.

Conclusions: Immigrant patients from endemic areas who show clinical signs, such as a general itching on the back, shoulders and arms and legs, should have a thorough history in order to make early diagnosis and prevent further complications. Therefore, general practitioners and doctors in Europe and in other parasitosis non-endemic countries, should consider to test for parasites in any immigrant from endemic countries to aid in establishing the final diagnosis and prevent further complications.
Clinical Characteristics of 33 Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Xiaoping , Wang Linwei , Zheng Ruiying
Published: December 2020

Clinical characteristics of 33 asymptomatic COVID-19 infections were analyzed in this study. The data showed most of asymptomatic patients had small body mass index, good prognosis and low infectivity. This study suggests that screening from high-risk populations to find and isolate asymptomatic patients is an important disease prevention and control strategy for COVID-19.
Trophic status assessment of small turbid lakes comparing remote sensing and in situ data: case study at lower Danube floodplain
Authors: Kazakov Stefan , Biserkov Valko , Pehlivanov Luchezar , Nedkov Stoyan
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to compare in situ and remote sensing data, in order to assess the applicability of satellite images in water quality monitoring of floodplain lakes. Two indicators of trophic status were compared: chlorophyll a and total suspended matter. Two lakes on Lower Danube floodplain were selected: Srebarna and Malak Preslavets. Data were obtained in July and August 2018. Sentinel 2 MSI L1c images were analyzed in SeNtinel Application Platform (SNAP), (v. 6.0). According to in situ data, Srebarna Lake indicated status of eutrophication, while Malak Preslavets experienced hypertrophic conditions. Satellite data indicated eutrophic conditions for both lakes. Comparing the results from in situ and satellite data, chlorophyll a showed higher correlation (r = 0.66) and comparable results. On the other hand, significantly overestimation of suspended matter according to satellite data were found, as well weaker correlation (r = 0.57) between both methods. Remote sensing i.e. Sentinel products are emerging as a powerful tool in environmental observation. Although weather conditions could have significant impact on environmental dynamic especially in floodplain lakes, combining and comparing of different methods could improve the preciseness of the methodology as well as assessment reliability.
Transonic flow study in a centrifugal compressor using perforated airfoils
Authors: Gherman Bogdan , Dumitrescu Oana , Dragan Valeriu
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the effect on a perforated plate on a centrifugal compressor is investigated using numerical simulation. The performances and fluid flow are compared for two different vaned diffusers, a base case where there are no perforated plates and a case where a perforated plate is inserted in the rotor casing at exit and the stator blade. The impact of this geometry change on the compressor performances it is studied in the case of adverse angles of attack at stator vane. Near wall refinement ensures the accuracy resolution of the boundary layer with a y+ value of one unit corroborated with a growth ratio of 1.1:1. Menter’s SST model was used in all numerical cases performed, as implemented in ANSYS CFX. Following the results of the baseline diffuser, the optimal position of the perforated cavity was determined.
Module for wireless communication in aerospace vehicles
Authors: Gueorguiev Nikolay , Kolarov Aleksandar , Iliev Ilian
Published: December 2020

The increase in air traffic and space flights, the rising cargo volumes and passenger numbers all set complex research and applied scientific tasks and therefore pose more complex requirements for obtaining up-to-date information on the system parameters and on the environment in which they function. After the advent of IoT platforms, their use in all areas of technology has been growing rapidly, as for instance in data collection and processing systems that are fully applicable to aviation needs. One of the major problems in the building of new systems or upgrading existing ones in line with current trends is the high cost of the innovations and the long time before their implementation. In line with the current trends in aviation, this paper proposes an approach for unified modules comprising a large set of possible sensors operating on a wireless standard for transmitting information and connected in a single and cost-effective network and with minimal time for construction, upgrading and renovation.
Influence of long-term stay of elements of capillary intake devices in liquid propellant components on their parameters
Authors: Minai Oleksandr , Ivanov Oleg , Siedykh Ihor
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider the results of a long-term study of the effect of prolonged stay (more than 30 years) of elements of capillary intake devices - mesh phase separators in the liquid propellant components (and under vapors) on the change in their working parameters (characteristics). In the process of research, the following types of work were carried out: extracting mesh phase separators from the propellant tanks of the missile stages to be detected after they were neutralized; analyzing the chemical composition of the substances located on the grids of mesh phase separators; determining the capillary holding capacity of the mesh, measuring the geometric dimensions of the mesh by the optical method; and performing metallographic studies of the mesh patterns. As a result, the authors determined the decrease in the capillary holding capacity of the screen of mesh phase separators for 31 years of their stay in the liquid propellant components and under their vapor. The analysis of the main factors was made that influenced the change in the design parameters of the capillary intake device: uniform corrosion damage and local changes in the microstructure of the structural material of the meshes, as well as a change in the value of the contact angle of the propellant with the mesh material.
Is biocontrol efficacy rather driven by the plant or the antagonist genotypes? A conceptual bioassay approach
Authors: Sun Yan , Beuchat Carine , Müller-Schärer Heinz
Published: December 2020

In the new range, invasive species lack their specialist co-evolved natural enemies, which then might be used as biocontrol agents. Populations of both a plant invader in the introduced range and its potential biocontrol agents in the native range may be genetically differentiated among geographically distinct regions. This, in turn, is expected to affect the outcome of their interaction when brought together, and by this the efficacy of the control. It further raises the question, is the outcome of such interactions mainly driven by the genotype of the plant invader (some plant genotypes being more resistant/tolerant to most of the antagonist genotypes), or by the antagonist genotype (some antagonist genotypes being more effective against most of the plant genotypes)? This is important for biocontrol management, as only the latter is expected to result in more effective control, when introducing the right biocontrol agent genotypes. In a third scenario, where the outcome of the interaction is driven by a specific plant by antagonist genotype interactions, an effective control will need the introduction of carefully selected multiple antagonist genotypes. Here, we challenged in a complete factorial design 11 plant genotypes (mainly half-siblings) of the invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia with larvae of eight genotypes (full-siblings) of the leaf beetle Ophraella communa, a potential biocontrol insect, and assessed larval and adult performance and leaf consumption as proxies of their expected impact on the efficacy of biological control. Both species were collected from several locations from their native (USA) and introduced ranges (Europe and China). In summary, we found O. communa genotype to be the main driver of this interaction, indicating the potential for at least short-term control efficacy when introducing the best beetle genotypes. Besides the importance of investigating the genetic structure both among and within populations of the plant invader and the biocontrol agent during the pre-release phase of a biocontrol program, we advocate integrating such bioassays, as this will give a first indication of the probability for an – at least – short- to mid-term efficacy when introducing a potential biocontrol agent, and on where to find the most efficient agent genotypes.
Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates in Rourea subgen. Rourea sect. Multifoliolatae (Connaraceae)
Authors: Toledo Cassio A. P. , Castro Souza Vinicius , Lucas Eve J.
Published: December 2020

The pantropical genus Rourea Aubl. (Connaraceae) is composed of ca. 70 species, most of which occur in the Neotropics. Rourea is currently subdivided into three subgenera, with the American taxa included in Rourea subgen. Rourea. Forero (1976) recognised six sections for the species of the New World, with Rourea subgen. R. sect. Multifoliolatae being exclusive to Brazil, characterised by multifoliolate leaves, relatively small leaflets and the staminal tube (0.8–)1–1.5 mm long. Following Forero’s (1976) treatment, additional botanical collections have become available in Brazilian herbaria, allowing re-evaluation of species concepts. This work recognises and revises 12 species in this section, mainly restricted to southeastern Brazil and southern Bahia. A nomenclatural and taxonomic study of these species is here presented, including an identification key, morphological descriptions, illustrations and geographic distribution maps. A new species is also described.
Les agricultures africaines et nous
Authors: Gaymard Hervé , Savelli Pierre-Ange
Published: December 2020

Le développement des agricultures africaines sera demain au cœur de la survie d’un continent qui connaît une expansion démographique majeure. Plus largement, ce développement est nécessaire pour parer à des problèmes mondiaux : environnementaux, sanitaires, migratoires, sécuritaires... Les modèles proposés par l’Occident ne sont plus les seuls à être considérés, mais en tout état de cause la France devrait se mobiliser sur ce thème essentiel, pour impulser une nouvelle action européenne. politique étrangère
L’esprit des connaissances humaines : la philosophie générale de d’Alembert
Authors: Guerpillon Louis , Lenne-Cornuez Johanna
Published: December 2020

D’Alembert ouvre un espace à la philosophie générale en s’élevant à un point de vue qui, s’il est général, n’est ni abstrait ni de nulle part, parce qu’il rassemble les connaissances humaines en les éclairant sous l’angle de leurs connexions. Ni métaphysique, ni science des fondements, ni pure méthodologie, l’ordre encyclopédique défini par le « Discours préliminaire » tire des éléments des sciences une réflexion sur l’unité articulée des savoirs. La généralité concrète tient à un acte de mise en relation , s’attachant à redéfinir chaque science par le complexe de rapports dans lequel elle s’inscrit. La philosophie générale justifie l’effort d’ordonnancement des savoirs qui, sans rien céder à un vain esprit de système, leur confère un sens irremplaçable, que cette contribution s’attache à élucider.
Solving fuzzy linear fractional set covering problem by a goal programming based solution approach
Authors: Mahmoodirad Ali , Garg Harish , Niroomand Sadegh
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a fuzzy linear fractional set covering problem is solved. The non-linearity of the objective function of the problem as well as its fuzziness make it difficult and complex to be solved effectively. To overcome these difficulties, using the concepts of fuzzy theory and component-wise optimization, the problem is converted to a crisp multi-objective non-linear problem. In order to tackle the obtained multi-objective non-linear problem, a goal programming based solution approach is proposed for its Pareto-optimal solution. The non-linearity of the problem is linearized by applying some linearization techniques in the procedure of the goal programming approach. The obtained Pareto-optimal solution is also a solution of the initial fuzzy linear fractional set covering problem. As advantage, the proposed approach applies no ranking function of fuzzy numbers and its goal programming stage considers no preferences from decision maker. The computational experiments provided by some examples of the literature show the superiority of the proposed approach over the existing approaches of the literature.
On the Rocky Road to Academia: Stumbling Blocks for Finnish Engineering Students with English as a Second Language
Authors: Niemelä Hanna , Naukkarinen Johanna
Published: December 2020

Communication skills, especially academic writing skills in English, are vital for a successful career in the global scientific community. Finnish engineering students, however, seem to encounter problems when preparing their scientific publications in English as a second language (ESL) for international forums. Thus, these skills should be enhanced at all levels of academic education to promote students’ development as experts in their field. The paper describes challenges faced by engineering students in academic writing and seeks solutions to promote students’ learning process. In addition to communication issues, the paper enlightens the environment and conditions in which the engineering students operate. By an interpretive study, the paper examines texts written by Finnish engineering students. The qualitative textual analysis is based on Systemic Functional Linguistics. Further, the paper discusses learning of academic writing from the perspective of situated learning. Based on the textual analysis, the paper identifies challenges and problems in academic writing, namely unfamiliarity with publication practices, grammar and terminology problems, unawareness of academic discourse strategies, such as hedging and the use of cohesive devices, and challenges with handling feedback. To enhance students’ competences in academic communication within their discipline, guidance and training of communication skills should be integrated into relevant technical and academic contexts throughout the engineering studies. Thus, in addition to thesis writing, argumentation and writing skills and the use of databases can be enhanced for instance by writing course reports in the form of academic papers. Individual consultation also plays a key role in the situated learning process.
Implementing 3D Printing Education Through Technical Pedagogy and Curriculum Development
Authors: Pikkarainen Ari , Piili Heidi
Published: December 2020

This study presents the development of a new pedagogical method, namely the model of technical pedagogy, for learning additive manufacturing (AM) due to the speed of the technological development. The speed of the technological devel-opment of AM is faster than of the educational one; curricula and teaching meth-ods have to evolve all the time in order to keep up with the development. The im-plementation of AM into the mechanical engineering curriculum in Lapland uni-versity of applied sciences (Lapland UAS) in Finland is used as an example in this study. The aim and purpose of this study is to create a model of technical pedagogy which gives universities the possibility to integrate AM into their cur-riculum more efficiently. This happens by combining traditional pedagogy into technical subjects in curriculum development work. This study also presents the learning concept of AM which shows the learning to be inversely proportional to the requirements of AM. Identification of the learning process of AM help the educators to plan AM education more efficiently.
Remote Knowledge Acquisition and Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jacques Sébastien , Ouahabi Abdeldjalil , Lequeu Thierry
Published: December 2020

On 16 March 2020, as a result of the unprecedented global health crisis linked to the emergence of a new form of coronavirus (COVID-19), the 74 universities of France closed their doors, forcing nearly 1.6 million students, as well as their teachers, to find solutions and initiatives that could ensure continuity in teaching. In the reliance on videoconferencing tools, chat, the sharing of documents/tutorials/videos/podcasts, and the use of social networks, many ideas have emerged, but no consensus has developed nor has a common way of doing things been adopted by a majority of teachers. Some software tools, such as Zoom, have also been questioned over data security issues or excessive intrusion into the student learning process. Nevertheless, in these uncertain times, much had to be done so that students can acquire the requisite knowledge, develop skills, and build on what they have learned. How can we ensure that the learning process is as smooth as possible for everyone involved? How can we evaluate knowledge and skills learned at a distance, and their relevance? Four groups of electronic and electrical engineering students in France were monitored during the containment period in order to provide answers to these questions. Lectures, tutorials, practical work, and projects were carried out using the Microsoft Teams and Zoom video conferencing and chat tools to complement activities made available through the digital work environment. In order to ensure equity among all students, especially in view of the digital divide, open access tools/software/applications have been promoted. In the various surveys completed, the engineering students asserted their complete satisfaction with the learning process, the use of distance tools, and the level of mastery of these tools by their teachers. The results of the various knowledge tests show that, for the same course, distance learning does not reduce the performance of the engineering students. Indeed, they obtained local grades similar to those expected in face-to-face teaching. The results presented in this article are not intended to highlight the virtues of distance education, but rather to open up a debate and reflect more widely on the sustainability of this transformation of education in universities.
Méditations typologiques : Le cas des statuettes en terre cuite de l’époque hellénistique en Italie
Authors: Féret Sophie
Published: December 2020

Le moulage en terre cuite est un procédé de fabrication qui permet de reproduire mécaniquement des objets, à l’aide de matrices. Il existe toutefois de nombreuses variations autour des mêmes modèles. Réfléchir au classement de ces figurines en fonction des différents critères à notre disposition (la technique, l’iconographie, la forme), c’est aussi s’interroger le sens donné à ces figurines.
The “Lady of Zominthos”
Authors: Uhlenbrock Jaimee
Published: December 2020

Several news outlets for October 2020 have reported the discovery of a Middle Minoan terracotta figurine dubbed “The Lady of Zominthos.”
The King Heir. Claiming Vacant Estate Succession in Europe and in the Spanish World (13th-18th Centuries)
Authors: Buono Alessandro
Published: December 2020

This article deals with the claims on “vacant successions” (bona vacantia) and on “property of none” (res nullius) in early modern Europe, with a focus on the case of the Spanish monarchy between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries (both in the old and in the new world). After briefly reconstructing the legal debate on the matter, the essay tries to demonstrate how the control over successions was at the centre of competing and conflicting claims, among which that of the “king heir”. In the end, what the analysis of this problem shows is that the discontinuity created by the inability of human beings to manage family and community goods and resources was a constant threat to the corporate membership-based societies of those times. Therefore, a number of corporate bodies and institutions (such as the Spanish Juzgado de bienes de difuntos) were encouraged to mobilize in order to ensure that no patrimony were left without an owner, and that there was always someone responsible for responding to the obligations deriving from the ownership of goods.
La Cruzada et l’administration des biens vacants en Espagne (xve - xviiie siècles)
Authors: Glesener Thomas
Published: December 2020

In early modern Castile, the administration of inheritances in abeyance (abintestatos) and goods of uncertain property (mostrencos) has been the subject of intense conflicts between competing institutions. Cities, convents, lords, corporations have, in different degrees, claimed rights over these properties, by custom or ancient privileges. Despite early statements, the royal treasury did not easily impose itself against these local actors. The Crown acted mainly by delegation, favouring the patronage of lay institutions (the Concejo de la Mesta) or ecclesiastical institutions (the Crusade or the redemptive orders of the Mercy and the Trinity). This article focuses on the most important of these operators: the administration of the Crusade, a pontifical institution under royal patronage, through which the Crown sought to establish a monopoly on vacant property. Following its evolution from the 15th to the 18th century, the aim is to highlight the external and internal resistance that prevented the Crusade from becoming an instrument in the King’s hands for the taxation of spiritual goods. On the contrary, as a court, the Crusade contributed to the registration and certification of local rights on vacant properties, thus allowing them to be perpetuated until the end of the Ancien Régime.
Où s’arrête la famille ? Successions, droits d’appartenance et Bayt al-mâl à Alger à l’époque ottomane
Authors: Grangaud Isabelle
Published: December 2020

Cet article analyse, à travers l’observation des conditions de revendication sur des biens en déshérence d’une instance algéroise ottomane, le Bayt al-mâl, les procédures mises en forme à l’appui de la défense de ce droit. Il considère certaines des situations qui en montrent les ressorts. Dans une première partie l’analyse se focalise sur les conditions, d’une transaction à l’issue de laquelle le Bayt al-mâl obtint les moyens d’exercer ces prérogatives. Une deuxième partie analyse les logiques croisées des revendications concurrentes sur les biens sans maitre, en montrant que la juridiction du Bayt al-mâl tout comme les familles et les communautés villageoises ou tribales s’affrontaient sur ce même terrain en des termes analogues.
Rites and Rights: Lineage Property and Law in Korea
Authors: Kim Marie Seong-Hak
Published: December 2020

This Article sets forth a historical overview of the evolution of lineage property and succession law in Korea from the premodern through contemporary times. The desire to continue the family and safeguard patrimonial integrity is arguably a universal phenomenon, but the primacy of Confucian ancestral rituals during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392-1910), combined with the indigenous kinship structure, created a distinct lineage organization and culture. The strict primogenitary order and postmortem adoption practices ensured agnatic succession through ritual heir, which rendered the concepts of vacant succession and succession in abeyance theoretically irrelevant, if not inconceivable. Korea did not see the rise of joint property-holding corporate clan estates as in China. Under Japanese rule (1910-1945), ritual-based succession and property relations underwent major reconfigurations in law. The evolving colonial jurisprudence on lineage assets and also on the property of the houses that went extinct illustrated the effort of the courts to negotiate between traditional normativity and modern civil law. In modern Korean law, a lineage group is construed as an unincorporated association and disputes over its assets continue to arise. Investigation of lineage property offers an opportunity to explore how Confucian ideology and its precepts have influenced Korean law and history over centuries. It demonstrates that East Asian legal tradition needs to be assessed through comparison of cultural and social realities in different countries, in all their independence and interdependence.
The Millennials as Stayers versus Switchers: The Context of Mobile Phone Services in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunaratna A. C.
Published: December 2020

The study was conducted to evaluate the nature of the behavioral aspects of the Millennials in terms of loyal and switching behavior as reference to the mobile phone services subscription. The study was conducted in two stages. At the initial stage, a customer survey was conducted with a sample of 521 respondents to identify the nature of retention and switching behaviour of the Millennials in the context of mobile phone services. The comprehensive analysis of customer responses extended the study to the second stage which involved in focus group discussions to probe the perceptions towards the decision of remaining loyal or switching and identify the nature and characteristics of each type of customer. Accordingly, the triangulation research approach involving both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods was adopted to achieve the desired objectives of the study. The study is significant as it evaluates the nature of the behaviour of the Millennials in the context of remaining versus switching and presents a semantic profile of customers with four types of loyalty namely fanatic, satisfied, brand loyal and captive and four types of switchers namely convenience seeker, discontented customer, variety seeker and price-conscious customer with respect to the mobile phone services industry.
A Novel Outbred Mouse Model to Study Lung Memory Immunological Response Induced by Pertussis Vaccines
Authors: Rouleau Nicolas , Proust Emilie , Chabaud-Riou Martine
Published: December 2020

Lung tissue resident memory (TRM) T cells can provide rapid and effective protective immunity against respiratory pathogens such as Bordetella pertussis. We assessed an outbred CD1 mouse model and i.m. immunization to study vaccine-induced immune memory, using pertussis vaccines as an example. The phenotypes of cells from the lungs of CD1 mice that had been primed with either i.m. whole-cell B. pertussis (wP), acellular B. pertussis (aP) vaccines or buffer (unvaccinated) and challenged with B. pertussis were determined using flow cytometry and immunohistology. We observed a rapid and high increase of CD4+T cells expressing TRM markers by flow cytometry, supported by immunohistology observations, in lungs from wP-immunized mice. Priming mice with wP vaccine induced a more potent CD4+ response in lungs following B. pertussis challenge than priming with aP vaccine, although both were less potent than that observed in primoinfected mice. We also observed for the first time, to our knowledge, that CD8+ and γδ+ TRM-like T cell responses were induced in lungs of wP-primed mice postinfection. This novel outbred CD1 mouse model with i.m. immunization that enabled us to study vaccine-induced B. pertussis–specific memory T cells in lungs could be useful for evaluating candidate parenteral vaccines against B. pertussis or others pulmonary pathogens.
Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form for mothers at 2 weeks postpartum: construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance
Authors: Kim Sun-Hee
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences in the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form (BFAS-SF) for use with mothers at 2 weeks postpartum. Methods: This methodological study was designed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of a BFAS-SF. Data were recruited from 431 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks postpartum. Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to assess the factor structure and the measurement invariance across employment status, delivery mode, parity, and previous breastfeeding experience, and the latent mean differences between the two groups were then examined. Results: The goodness of fit of the six-factor model at 2 weeks postpartum was acceptable. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported strict invariance of the BFAS-SF across employment status and delivery mode. Full configural invariance, full metric invariance, and partial scalar invariance across parity and full configural invariance and full metric invariance across previous breastfeeding experience were supported, respectively. The results for latent mean differences suggested that mothers who were employed showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence. Mothers who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for sufficient breast milk and baby’s feeding capability. Multiparous mothers showed significantly higher scores for baby’s feeding capability and baby’s satisfaction with breastfeeding. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the BFAS-SF at 2 weeks postpartum are acceptable. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status, delivery mode, and parity.
The determination of aluminum by the fluorophotometric method
Authors: Zimmerman J B
Published: December 2020

A method is described by which a large range of aluminum concentrations may be determined speedily and with approximately +/-5 percent accuracy for samples containing less than 1.0 percent aluminum. Samples are taken into solution and impurities precipitated with
sodium hydroxide. An aliquot containing the soluble sodium aluminate is adjusted to pH 4.6, 8-hydroxyquinoline is added and the complex aluminum 8-hydroxyquinolate extracted with chloroform and measured fluorimetrically at 560 mu. Various materials containing aluminum such as iron, steel, ores,
aluminum powder and base metal alloys varying in aluminum content from 0.001 percent to 99.0 percent have been determined using a dilution technique. The fluorescent procedure has proved superior to gravimetric and colorimetric methods especially for low aluminum values in the presence of iron or
phosphates.