bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud Properties of Cold Fronts Affecting Central Chile: Low and High Freezing Level Storms
Authors: Pozo Diana , Marín Julio C. , Gutiérrez Felipe
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes the cloud properties associated with cold fronts that affected central Chile during May–September 1998–2014 using observational and reanalysis data. Warmer, moister, and more unstable conditions in early winter favor the development of deeper mixed‐phased clouds in cold fronts, having larger rain and ice water contents. Late in the season, cooler, drier, and more stable conditions predominate, favoring the development of a larger percentage of shallower warm‐phased clouds. Years when cold fronts show large environmental humidity and high cloud tops were associated with stronger systems that produced the largest precipitation. The linear positive relationship between cloud tops and precipitable water reported in the Central and Eastern Pacific was also found in storms developing in the Eastern South Pacific. The intensity of cold fronts also determines their cloud development and observed rainfall. High freezing level (FL) cold fronts are more frequent in May and June, generally occur in very high humidity environments, are stronger, include more rain and ice water contents, and allow the development of the highest clouds compared to low FL storms, which are more frequent in August. The strength of low FL storms, instead of their available humidity seems to be the key factor controlling the rain they produce. On the other hand, the intensity of high FL storms seems not to be a decisive factor in controlling its rainfall. Finally, the presence of an atmospheric river seems not to guarantee the rainiest events among high and low FL cold fronts.
Displaced from Home and Sheltered in an Extreme Environment
Authors: Basilio Humberto
Published: August 2023

Millions of people, displaced from their home countries, take refuge in areas that are highly vulnerable to extreme weather.
Stability Dependence of the Turbulent Dissipation Rate in the Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Lv Yanmin , Muñoz‐Esparza Domingo , Chen Xunlai , Zhang Chunsheng , Luo Ming , Wang Rui , Zhou Bowen
Published: August 2023

Turbulent dissipation rate (ɛ) is a crucial parameter in turbulence theory, and an essential component of higher‐order planetary boundary layer schemes for numerical weather prediction and climate models. It is most often modeled diagnostically based on the dissipation scaling ɛ ∝ e3/2/L, where e and L are the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and the size of the largest turbulent eddies, respectively. Utilizing three‐month‐long vertically‐extended observations accompanied by high resolution large‐eddy simulations, scaling‐based ɛ‐models are evaluated, focusing on their stability dependence under daytime convective conditions. The analysis uncovers biases in the parameterized ɛ profiles that cannot be corrected through tuning of model constants. The biases are attributed to the limited and even opposing stability dependence of the modeled dissipation length. Close examination reveals violation of the dissipation scaling by the inclusion of TKE associated with organized convection. A self‐similar dissipation length is obtained when only the isotropic component of TKE is considered.
Characterizing the Role of Non‐Linear Interactions in the Transition to Submesoscale Dynamics at a Dense Filament
Authors: Freilich Mara , Lenain Luc , Gille Sarah T.
Published: August 2023

Ocean dynamics at the submesoscale play a key role in mediating upper‐ocean energy dissipation and dispersion of tracers. Observations of ocean currents from synoptic mesoscale surveys at submesoscale resolution (250 m–100 km) from a novel airborne instrument (MASS DoppVis) reveal that the kinetic energy spectrum in the California Current System is nearly continuous from 100 km to sub‐kilometer scales, with a k−2 spectral slope. Although there is not a transition in the kinetic energy spectral slope, there is a transition in the dynamics to non‐linear ageostrophic interactions at scales of (1 km). Kinetic energy transfer across spatial scales is enabled by interactions between the rotational and divergent components of the flow field at the submesoscale. Kinetic energy flux is patchy and localized at submesoscale fronts. Kinetic energy is transferred both downscale and upscale from 1 km in the observations of a cold filament.
Cross‐Equatorial Surges Boost MJO's Southward Detour Over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Lubis Sandro W. , Hagos Samson , Chang Chuan‐Chieh , Balaguru Karthik , Leung L. Ruby
Published: August 2023

The influence of the cross‐equatorial northerly surge (CES) on the eastward propagation of Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) during boreal winter is evaluated through the analysis of the column integrated moisture budget. Results show that the CES reinforces MJO's southward detour by increasing horizontal moisture convergence over the southern Maritime Continent (MC) region. Further analysis reveals that the zonal convergence by intraseasonal zonal wind anomalies acting upon background moisture is intensified in the presence of CES events, causing a stronger convective activity in the southern MC (SMC). The stronger moisture convergence in the SMC is associated with the CES‐induced intensification of low‐level northwesterly and westerly winds, which, in turn, strengthen zonal wind convergences and positive wind‐evaporation feedbacks onto the MJO convection. An improved process understanding of the link between the CES and MJO detours can help engender improvements in extreme weather forecasts and aid investigation biases in simulating MJO in climate models.
The Kuroshio Intrusion Into the South China Sea at Luzon Strait Can Be Remotely Influenced by the Downstream Intrusion Into the East China Sea
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Liang X. San , Yang Yang
Published: August 2023

The intrusion of Kuroshio into the South China Sea through Luzon Strait has been of enormous interest in western boundary current studies. Here we show that this intrusion can be remotely influenced by the downstream intrusion of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan into the East China Sea, at a lead time of about 220 days. This remarkable finding is first revealed by a quantitative causality analysis which is rigorously established from first principles in physics; it is originally motivated by the observation of a wake southeast of Taiwan, whose influence on the loop current, also revealed by causality analysis, is traced downstream to the Kuroshio intrusion into the East China Sea. Further analysis suggests that the two important Kuroshio intrusions are connected via a coastal trapped wave mode with a period of 1.5 years propagating southward along the eastern Taiwan coast, as supported by both theoretical and numerical models. Upon approaching the Luzon Strait, its negative (positive) phase functions to intensify (reduce) the loop current. At a speed of 1.37 km day−1, the mode takes about 220 days for the disturbances northeast of Taiwan to travel along the coast to Luzon Strait, leading to the same time delay for the downstream‐upstream causal relation.
Modeling TEC Irregularities in the Arctic Ionosphere Using Empirical Orthogonal Function Method
Authors: Jin Yaqi , Miloch Wojciech J. , Kotova Daria , Jacobsen Knut Stanley , Stevanović Đorđe , Clausen Lasse B. N. , Ssessanga Nicholas , Da Dalt Federico
Published: August 2023

We develop a climatological model for the Arctic ionosphere based on more than one solar cycle of data (2010–2021) of the rate of change of the total electron content index (ROTI) maps from the International GNSS Service (IGS). The IGS ROTI maps are daily averaged in magnetic latitude and local time coordinates. To develop a climatological model, the ROTI maps are decomposed into base functions and coefficients using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The EOF method converges very quickly, and the first four EOFs reflect the majority (96%) of the total data variability. Furthermore, different EOF components can reflect different drivers of ionospheric irregularities. The first EOF reflects the averaged ROTI activity and the impact of the solar radiation and geomagnetic activity; the second EOF reflects the impact of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz and electric field; the third and fourth EOFs reflect the dawn‐dusk asymmetry around the auroral oval and polar cap, and they can be related to the IMF By. To build an empirical model, we fit the EOF coefficients using helio‐geophysical indices from four different categories (solar activity; geomagnetic indices; IMF; the solar wind coupling function). The final EOF model is dependent on seven selected indices (F10.7P, Kp, Dst, Bt, By, Bz, and EKL). The statistical data‐model comparisons show satisfactory results with a good correlation coefficient. However, the model cannot capture the significant expansion of the dayside ROTI activity during strong geomagnetic storms. Future effort is needed to provide corrections to the model during severe storms.
Establishment of a humanized mouse model of keloid diseases following the migration of patient immune cells to the lesion: Patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX) model
Authors: Lee A Ram , Lee Seon-Yeong , Choi Jeong Won , Um In Gyu , Na Hyun Sik , Lee Jung Ho , Cho Mi-La
Published: August 2023

Keloid disorder is an abnormal fibroproliferative reaction that can occur on any area of skin, and it can impair the quality of life of affected individuals. To investigate the pathogenesis and develop a treatment strategy, a preclinical animal model of keloid disorder is needed. However, keloid disorder is unique to humans, and the development of an animal model of keloid disorder is highly problematic. We developed the patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX), which is a humanized mouse model, and compared it to the traditional mouse xenograft model (transplantation of only keloid lesions). To establish the PDKX model, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ten keloid patients or five healthy control subjects were injected into NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull mice, and their keloid lesions were grafted onto the back after the engraftment of immune cells (transplantation of keloid lesions and KP PBMCs or HC PBMCs). Four weeks after surgery, the grafted keloid lesion was subjected to histologic evaluation. Compared to the traditional model, neotissue formed along the margin of the grafted skin, and lymphocyte infiltration and collagen synthesis were significantly elevated in the PDKX model. The neotissue sites resembled the margin areas of keloids in several respects. In detail, the levels of human Th17 cells, IL-17, HIF-1a, and chemokines were significantly elevated in the neotissue of the PDKX model. Furthermore, the weight of the keloid lesion was increased significantly in the PDKX model, which was due to the proinflammatory microenvironment of the keloid lesion. We confirmed that our patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX) model mimicked keloid disorder by recapitulating the in vivo microenvironment. This model will contribute to the investigation of cellular mechanisms and therapeutic treatments for keloid disorders.
AIVariant: a deep learning-based somatic variant detector for highly contaminated tumor samples
Authors: Jeon Hyeonseong , Ahn Junhak , Na Byunggook , Hong Soona , Sael Lee , Kim Sun , Yoon Sungroh , Baek Daehyun
Published: August 2023

The detection of somatic DNA variants in tumor samples with low tumor purity or sequencing depth remains a daunting challenge despite numerous attempts to address this problem. In this study, we constructed a substantially extended set of actual positive variants originating from a wide range of tumor purities and sequencing depths, as well as actual negative variants derived from sequencer-specific sequencing errors. A deep learning model named AIVariant, trained on this extended dataset, outperforms previously reported methods when tested under various tumor purities and sequencing depths, especially low tumor purity and sequencing depth.
Inhibiting the cytosolic function of CXXC5 accelerates diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis and skin repair
Authors: Kim Eunhwan , Seo Seol Hwa , Hwang Yumi , Ryu Yeong Chan , Kim Heejene , Lee Kyoung-Mi , Lee Jin Woo , Park Kwang Hwan , Choi Kang-Yell
Published: August 2023

Diabetic wound healing, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is a serious complication of diabetes. Considering the complexity of DFU development, the identification of a factor that mediates multiple pathogeneses is important for treatment. In this study, we found that CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5), a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was overexpressed with suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its target genes involved in wound healing and angiogenesis in the wound tissues of DFU patients and diabetes-induced model mice. KY19334, a small molecule that activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting the CXXC5-Dvl interaction, accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice. The enhancement of diabetic wound healing could be achieved by restoring the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and subsequently inducing its target genes. Moreover, KY19334 induced angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia model mice. Overall, these findings revealed that restorative activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting the function of cytosolic CXXC5 could be a therapeutic approach for treating DFUs.
Activation of cell-free mtDNA-TLR9 signaling mediates chronic stress-induced social behavior deficits
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Bartosh Alona , Whitehead Carl , Pillai Anilkumar
Published: August 2023

Inflammation and social behavior deficits are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic stress, a major risk factor for depression and other mental health conditions is known to increase inflammatory responses and social behavior impairments. Disturbances in mitochondria function have been found in chronic stress conditions, however the mechanisms that link mitochondrial dysfunction to stress-induced social behavior deficits are not well understood. In this study, we found that chronic restraint stress (RS) induces significant increases in serum cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) levels in mice, and systemic Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) treatment attenuated RS-induced social behavioral deficits. Our findings revealed potential roles of mitophagy and Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) in mediating chronic stress-induced changes in cf-mtDNA levels and social behavior. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) attenuates mtDNA-induced social behavior deficits. Together, these findings show that cf-mtDNA-TLR9 signaling is critical in mediating stress-induced social behavior deficits.
NUCKS1, a LINC00629-upregulated gene, facilitated osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by elevating asparagine synthesis
Authors: Zheng Shuo , Ji Renchen , He Hongtao , Li Na , Han Chuanchun , Han Jian , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Lu , Wang Yuan , Zhao Wenzhi
Published: August 2023

Nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in several cancers. However, the biological functions and regulatory mechanism of NUCKS1 in osteosarcoma have not been fully understood. In this study, we reported that NUCKS1 was significantly increased in osteosarcoma. Depletion of NUCKS1 decreased osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of NUCKS1 accelerated osteosarcoma cell aggressiveness. Mechanistically, NUCKS1 facilitated asparagine (Asn) synthesis by transcriptionally upregulating asparagine synthetase (ASNS) expression and elevating the levels of Asn in osteosarcoma cells, leading to increased cell growth and metastasis. Inhibition of ASNS or reduction of Asn decreased osteosarcoma cell aggressiveness and impaired the promoting effects of NUCKS1 on tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, we also found that by acting as a sponge for miR-4768-3p, LINC00629 promoted NUCKS1 expression. Collectively, our findings highlight the role of NUCKS1 in regulating asparagine metabolism and reveal that LINC00629 is an important regulator of NUCKS1 that contributes to NUCKS1 upregulation in osteosarcoma.
Methane formation driven by light and heat prior to the origin of life and beyond
Authors: Ernst Leonard , Barayeu Uladzimir , Hädeler Jonas , Dick Tobias P. , Klatt Judith M. , Keppler Frank , Rebelein Johannes G.
Published: August 2023

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, which likely enabled the evolution of life by keeping the early Earth warm. Here, we demonstrate routes towards abiotic methane and ethane formation under early-earth conditions from methylated sulfur and nitrogen compounds with prebiotic origin. These compounds are demethylated in Fenton reactions governed by ferrous iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by light and heat in aqueous environments. After the emergence of life, this phenomenon would have greatly intensified in the anoxic Archean by providing methylated sulfur and nitrogen substrates. This ROS-driven Fenton chemistry can occur delocalized from serpentinization across Earth’s humid realm and thereby substantially differs from previously suggested methane formation routes that are spatially restricted. Here, we report that Fenton reactions driven by light and heat release methane and ethane and might have shaped the chemical evolution of the atmosphere prior to the origin of life and beyond.
Photocatalytic conversion of sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using aluminium(III) and fulvic acid
Authors: Tana Tana , Han Pengfei , Brock Aidan J. , Mao Xin , Sarina Sarina , Waclawik Eric R. , Du Aijun , Bottle Steven E. , Zhu Huai-Yong
Published: August 2023

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a valuable and essential platform chemical for establishing a sustainable, eco-friendly fine-chemical and pharmaceutical industry based on biomass. The cost-effective production of HMF from abundant C6 sugars requires mild reaction temperatures and efficient catalysts from naturally abundant materials. Herein, we report how fulvic acid forms complexes with Al3+ ions that exhibit solar absorption and photocatalytic activity for glucose conversion to HMF in one-pot reaction, in good yield (~60%) and at moderate temperatures (80 °C). When using representative components of fulvic acid, catechol and pyrogallol as ligands, 70 and 67% HMF yields are achieved, respectively, at 70 °C. Al3+ ions are not recognised as effective photocatalysts; however, complexing them with fulvic acid components as light antennas can create new functionality. This mechanism offers prospects for new green photocatalytic systems to synthesise a range of substances that have not previously been considered.
High-efficiency, flexible and large-area red/green/blue all-inorganic metal halide perovskite quantum wires-based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Cao Yang Bryan , Zhang Daquan , Zhang Qianpeng , Qiu Xiao , Zhou Yu , Poddar Swapnadeep , Fu Yu , Zhu Yudong , Liao Jin-Feng , Shu Lei , Ren Beitao , Ding Yucheng , Han Bing , He Zhubing , Kuang Dai-Bin , Wang Kefan , Zeng Haibo , Fan Zhiyong
Published: August 2023

Metal halide perovskites have shown great promise as a potential candidate for next-generation solid state lighting and display technologies. However, a generic organic ligand-free and antisolvent-free solution method to fabricate highly efficient full-color perovskite light-emitting diodes has not been realized. Herein, by utilizing porous alumina membranes with ultra-small pore size as templates, we have successfully fabricated crystalline all-inorganic perovskite quantum wire arrays with ultrahigh density and excellent uniformity, using a generic organic ligand-free and anti-solvent-free solution method. The quantum confinement effect, in conjunction with the high light out-coupling efficiency, results in high photoluminescence quantum yield for blue, sky-blue, green and pure-red perovskite quantum wires arrays. Consequently, blue, sky-blue, green and pure-red LED devices with spectrally stable electroluminescence have been successfully fabricated, demonstrating external quantum efficiencies of 12.41%, 16.49%, 26.09% and 9.97%, respectively, after introducing a dual-functional small molecule, which serves as surface passivation and hole transporting layer, and a halide vacancy healing agent.
Central role of Tim17 in mitochondrial presequence protein translocation
Authors: Fielden Laura F. , Busch Jakob D. , Merkt Sandra G. , Ganesan Iniyan , Steiert Conny , Hasselblatt Hanna B. , Busto Jon V. , Wirth Christophe , Zufall Nicole , Jungbluth Sibylle , Noll Katja , Dung Julia M. , Butenko Ludmila , von der Malsburg Karina , Koch Hans-Georg , Hunte Carola , van der Laan Martin , Wiedemann Nils
Published: August 2023

The presequence translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) represents the major route for the import of nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria1,2. About 60% of more than 1,000 different mitochondrial proteins are synthesized with amino-terminal targeting signals, termed presequences, which form positively charged amphiphilic α-helices3,4. TIM23 sorts the presequence proteins into the inner membrane or matrix. Various views, including regulatory and coupling functions, have been reported on the essential TIM23 subunit Tim17 (refs. 5–7). Here we mapped the interaction of Tim17 with matrix-targeted and inner membrane-sorted preproteins during translocation in the native membrane environment. We show that Tim17 contains conserved negative charges close to the intermembrane space side of the bilayer, which are essential to initiate presequence protein translocation along a distinct transmembrane cavity of Tim17 for both classes of preproteins. The amphiphilic character of mitochondrial presequences directly matches this Tim17-dependent translocation mechanism. This mechanism permits direct lateral release of transmembrane segments of inner membrane-sorted precursors into the inner membrane.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory peptide from wasp venom
Authors: Galante Priscilla , Campos Gabriel A. A. , Moser Jacqueline C. G. , Martins Danubia B. , dos Santos Cabrera Marcia P. , Rangel Marisa , Coelho Luiza C. , Simon Karina S. , Amado Veronica M. , de A. I. Muller Jessica , Koehbach Johannes , Lohman Rink-Jan , Cabot Peter J. , Vetter Irina , Craik David J. , Toffoli-Kadri Monica C. , Monge-Fuentes Victoria , Goulart Jair T. , Schwartz Elisabeth F. , Silva Luciano P. , Bocca Anamelia L. , Mortari Márcia R.
Published: August 2023

Animal venoms are rich sources of neuroactive compounds, including anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, and antinociceptive molecules. Our study identified a protonectin peptide from the wasp Parachartergus fraternus' venom using mass spectrometry and cDNA library construction. Using this peptide as a template, we designed a new peptide, protonectin-F, which exhibited higher antinociceptive activity and less motor impairment compared to protonectin. In drug interaction experiments with naloxone and AM251, Protonectin-F's activity was decreased by opioid and cannabinoid antagonism, two critical antinociception pathways. Further experiments revealed that this effect is most likely not induced by direct action on receptors but by activation of the descending pain control pathway. We noted that protonectin-F induced less tolerance in mice after repeated administration than morphine. Protonectin-F was also able to decrease TNF-α production in vitro and modulate the inflammatory response, which can further contribute to its antinociceptive activity. These findings suggest that protonectin-F may be a potential molecule for developing drugs to treat pain disorders with fewer adverse effects. Our results reinforce the biotechnological importance of animal venom for developing new molecules of clinical interest.
Development of peptide nucleic acid-based bead array technology for Bacillus cereus detection
Authors: Noppakuadrittidej Prae , Charlermroj Ratthaphol , Makornwattana Manlika , Kaew-amdee Sudtida , Waditee-Sirisattha Rungaroon , Vilaivan Tirayut , Praneenararat Thanit , Karoonuthaisiri Nitsara
Published: August 2023

Numerous novel methods to detect foodborne pathogens have been extensively developed to ensure food safety. Among the important foodborne bacteria, Bacillus cereus was identified as a pathogen of concern that causes various food illnesses, leading to interest in developing effective detection methods for this pathogen. Although a standard method based on culturing and biochemical confirmative test is available, it is time- and labor-intensive. Alternative PCR-based methods have been developed but lack high-throughput capacity and ease of use. This study, therefore, attempts to develop a robust method for B. cereus detection by leveraging the highly specific pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as probes for a bead array method with multiplex and high-throughput capacity. In this study, PNAs bearing prolyl-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) backbone with groEL, motB, and 16S rRNA sequences were covalently coupled with three sets of fluorescently barcoded beads to detect the three B. cereus genes. The developed acpcPNA-based bead array exhibited good selectivity where only signals were detectable in the presence of B. cereus, but not for other species. The sensitivity of this acpcPNA-based bead assay in detecting genomic DNA was found to be 0.038, 0.183 and 0.179 ng for groEL, motB and 16S rRNA, respectively. This performance was clearly superior to its DNA counterpart, hence confirming much stronger binding strength of acpcPNA over DNA. The robustness of the developed method was further demonstrated by testing artificially spiked milk and pickled mustard greens with minimal interference from food metrices. Hence, this proof-of-concept acpcPNA-based bead array method has been proven to serve as an effective alternative nucleic acid-based method for foodborne pathogens.
Application of artificial neural network and dynamic adsorption models to predict humic substances extraction from municipal solid waste leachate
Authors: Rezaeinia Salimeh , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Dalvand Arash , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Fallahzadeh Hossien , Mokhtari Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Sustainable municipal solid waste leachate (MSWL) management requires a paradigm shift from removing contaminants to effectively recovering resources and decreasing contaminants simultaneously. In this study, two types of humic substances, fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) were extracted from MSWL. HA was extracted using HCl and NaOH solution, followed by FA using a column bed under diversified operations such as flow rate, input concentration, and bed height. Also, this work aims to evaluate efficiency of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Dynamic adsorption models in predicting FA. With the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, bed height of 15.5 cm, and input concentration of 4.27 g/mL, the maximum capacity of FA was obtained at 23.03 mg/g. FTIR analysis in HA and FA revealed several oxygen-containing functional groups including carboxylic, phenolic, aliphatic, and ketone. The high correlation coefficient value (R2) and a lower mean squared error value (MSE) were obtained using the ANN, indicating the superior ability of ANN to predict adsorption capacity compared to traditional modeling.
Demonstrating the successful application of synthetic learning in spine surgery for training multi–center models with increased patient privacy
Authors: Schonfeld Ethan , Veeravagu Anand
Published: August 2023

From real–time tumor classification to operative outcome prediction, applications of machine learning to neurosurgery are powerful. However, the translation of many of these applications are restricted by the lack of “big data” in neurosurgery. Important restrictions in patient privacy and sharing of imaging data reduce the diversity of the datasets used to train resulting models and therefore limit generalizability. Synthetic learning is a recent development in machine learning that generates synthetic data from real data and uses the synthetic data to train downstream models while preserving patient privacy. Such an approach has yet to be successfully demonstrated in the spine surgery domain. Spine radiographs were collected from the VinDR–SpineXR dataset, with 1470 labeled as abnormal and 2303 labeled as normal. A conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) was trained on the radiographs to generate a spine radiograph and normal/abnormal label. A modified conditional GAN (SpineGAN) was trained on the same task. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained using the real data to label abnormal radiographs. A CNN was trained to label abnormal radiographs using synthetic images from the GAN and in a separate experiment from SpineGAN. Using the real radiographs, an AUC of 0.856 was achieved in abnormality classification. Training on synthetic data generated by the standard GAN (AUC of 0.814) and synthetic data generated by our SpineGAN (AUC of 0.830) resulted in similar classifier performance. SpineGAN generated images with higher FID and lower precision scores, but with higher recall and increased performance when used for synthetic learning. The successful application of synthetic learning was demonstrated in the spine surgery domain for the classification of spine radiographs as abnormal or normal. A modified domain–relevant GAN is introduced for the generation of spine images, evidencing the importance of domain–relevant generation techniques in synthetic learning. Synthetic learning can allow neurosurgery to use larger and more diverse patient imaging sets to train more generalizable algorithms with greater patient privacy.
Effects of salt stress on root morphology, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and yield of Tartary buckwheat
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , He Peiyun , Guo Rongyu , Huang Kaifeng , Huang Xiaoyan
Published: August 2023

This study aims to clarify the effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield of Tartary buckwheat. The salt-sensitive cultivar Yunqiao 2 was pot-grown and treated with four salt concentrations including 0, 2, 4, and 6 g kg−1. The root morphology index increased from seedling stage to maturate stage. The content of soluble protein in the leaves reached the maximum at the anthesis stage, and the other substances content and the enzymes activity related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism reached the maximum at the grain filling stage. The root morphology index, root activity; invertase, amylase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose phosphate synthase activities; nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and soluble protein content; and nitrate reductase and glutamate synthase activities increased first and reached the maximum at 2 g kg−1 treatment and then decreased with increasing salt stress concentration. The content of soluble sugars and sucrose and the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase increased continuously with increasing salt concentration, and reached the maximum in the 6 g kg−1 treatment. The grain number per plant, 100-grain weight, and yield per plant increased first and reached the maximum at 2 g kg−1 treatment and then decreased with increasing salt stress concentration. In summary, moderate salt stress (2 g kg−1) can promote the root growth, increase the content of carbon and nitrogen metabolism-related substances and enzyme activity, and increase the yield per plant of Tartary buckwheat.
Platform-agnostic electrochemical sensing app and companion potentiostat
Authors: Manoharan Vijayalaxmi , Rodrigues Rui , Sadati Sara , Swann Marcus J. , Freeman Neville , Du Bowen , Yildirim Ender , Tamer Ugur , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Isakov Dmitry , Asadipour Ali , Charmet Jérôme
Published: August 2023

The platform-agnostic PocketEC app, optimised for electrochemical sensing assay development, can communicate seamlessly with several IC based potentiostat platforms.
Viscosity probes towards different organelles with red emission based on an identical hemicyanine structure
Authors: Liu Hong-Jiao , Zhu Ming-Sen , Zhang Gang , Sun Ru , Xu Yu-Jie , Ge Jian-Feng
Published: August 2023

Four red viscosity probes based on a D–π-A structure were designed and synthesized for targeting different organelles and monitoring viscosity dynamics in HeLa cells.
Regulated synthesis of an Au NB-DT@Ag bimetallic core-molecule–shell nanostructure for reliable SERS detection
Authors: Ren Haiting , Sun Yan , Wang Junjie , Qiu Hongxing , Zhang Shenghao , Zhang Yueshou , Yu Xingxing , Hu Jieyu , Hu Yongjun
Published: August 2023

We synthesized a novel SERS-active bimetallic core-molecule–shell (CMS) nanomaterial (Au NB-DT@Ag NRs) with anisotropic gold nanobipyramid as the inner core under precise regulation of inner core size and outer Ag shell thickness.
Quantitative injection strip platform using water-soluble paper and magnet based on a lateral flow assay
Authors: Kwon Yewon , Kim Dami , Kim Sanghyo
Published: August 2023

The QI strip allows quantitative injection by decomposing the water-soluble paper upon sample contact and then separating the sample pad from the nitrocellulose membrane through the force of a magnet.
A dual-sensitive nanoparticle-mediated deepening synergistic therapy strategy involving DNA damage and ICD stimuli to treat triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Liu Shangui , Kong Xinru , Fang Yuelin , He Zhijing , Wu Hang , Ji Jianbo , Yang Xiaoye , Ye Lei , Zhai Guangxi
Published: August 2023

The dual-sensitive Ce6/HDP nanoparticles kill 4T1 cells by a deepening synergistic therapy strategy of DNA damage and ICD stimuli.
Chitosan-assisted synthesis of 1D g-C3N4 nanorods for enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Yaqian , Yang Xiaonan , Tian Tong , Liu Yue , Chen Yan , Xu Gengsheng , Gu Lina , Li Huiquan , Yuan Yupeng
Published: August 2023

Chitosan used as soft template to etch melamine, forming melamine precursor with parallel columns. After thermal treatment, 1D g-C3N4 nanorods synthesized for increased photocatalysis.
Efficient separation of monobromotoluene isomers by nonporous adaptive perbromoethylated pillar[5]arene crystals
Authors: Zhao Bohan , Wang Jianwei , Shao Li , Wu Yitao , Li Ming , Hua Bin , Huang Feihe
Published: August 2023

We report an efficient strategy for the separation of m-bromotoluene and o-bromotoluene based on nonporous adaptive crystals of perbromoethylated pillar[5]arenes.
Supramolecular aggregation featuring Hg⋯S secondary-bonding interactions in crystals of mercury(ii) species augmented by computational chemistry calculations
Authors: Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: August 2023

A CSD survey reveals the presence of Hg⋯S interactions within zero-, one- and two-dimensional aggregation patterns in non-organomercury crystals. Theory confirms the stabilising nature of σ-/π-holes or positive belts formed at the mercury atom.
The collision-induced dissociation mechanism of sodiated Hex–HexNAc disaccharides
Authors: Nguan Hock-Seng , Tsai Shang-Ting , Liew Chia Yen , Reddy N. Sivakumar , Hung Shang-Cheng , Ni Chi-Kung
Published: August 2023

Determining carbohydrate structures, such as their linkage positions, and in particular the anomers and stereoisomers, is a great challenge.
Enhancement of weak ferromagnetism, exotic structure prediction and diverse electronic properties in holmium substituted multiferroic bismuth ferrite
Authors: Čebela Maria , Zagorac Dejan , Popov Igor , Torić Filip , Klaser Teodoro , Skoko Željko , Pajić Damir
Published: August 2023

Systematic investigation of Ho substituted multiferroic BiFeO3 using experimental and theoretical methods.
Small-molecule probes from bench to bedside: advancing molecular analysis of drug–target interactions toward precision medicine
Authors: Pan Sijun , Ding Aixiang , Li Yisi , Sun Yaxin , Zhan Yueqin , Ye Zhenkun , Song Ning , Peng Bo , Li Lin , Huang Wei , Shao Huilin
Published: August 2023

Integrated development of designer chemical tools and complementary analytical technologies empowers new scientific and clinical opportunities.
One-step fabrication of vanadium-doped CoFe PBA nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Huang Yin , Pan Yaoyao , Huang Xiaoyu , Xu Guangzheng , Wang Xiuhua
Published: August 2023

V-CoFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) nanosheets were synthesized by one-step soaking at room temperature. V-CoFe PBA electrode exhibited low overpotential of 229 mV at 10 mA cm−2 current density for the OER with outstanding long-term stability.
Regioselective B2–6 penta-iodination of the [CB11H12]− monocarborane cluster by palladium catalysis
Authors: Lin Chuhao , Jin Yujie , Sun Jizeng , Ye Zehua , Chen Tao , Liu Jiyong , Duttwyler Simon
Published: August 2023

Palladium-catalyzed penta-iodination/decarboxylation of the B2–6 positions of the monocarborane cage provides novel derivatives in a single step.
Synthesis and properties of photoluminescent phosphorus-doped triptycenes
Authors: Gao Zengye , Wang Yue , Zhou Yang , Yuan Bingxin , Duan Zheng
Published: August 2023

A novel class of phosphorus-doped triptycenes were synthesized which showed photoluminescence properties.
The impact of differently structured starch gels on the gastrointestinal fate of a curcumin-containing nanoemulsion
Authors: Qazi Haroon Jamshaid , Ye Aiqian , Acevedo-Fani Alejandra , Singh Harjinder
Published: August 2023

The gastrointestinal digestion of distinct starch gel structures influenced the composition and microstructure of the emptied digesta, further affecting starch hydrolysis and curcumin bioaccessibility in the small intestine.
A new strategy for efficient chemical degradation and recycling of polyurethane materials: a multi-stage degradation method
Authors: He Hui-Wen , Du Kai-Ming , Yu Han-Jing , Zhu Yi-Feng , Su Hang , Yang Fan , Ma Meng , Shi Yan-Qin , Zhang Xiao-Jun , Chen Si , Wang Xu
Published: August 2023

A new strategy of multi-stage degradation of PUFs attained gradient deconstruction of PUFs at low temperatures with low energy consumption.
A facile one-pot synthesis of N-acyl-1-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline via a photoredox and Reissert-type reaction from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Yuan Zi-Yi , Zhang Zheng-Qian , Liang Jun-Rong , Lin Chu-Yan , Peng Dan-Li , Cui Bao-Dong , Mou Xue-Qing , Zhang Yun , Chen Yong-Zheng
Published: August 2023

This work reports a protocol for the direct α-cyanation/N-acylation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines via a one-pot photoredox and Reissert-type reaction using air as the oxidant and acyl cyanide as acyl and cyano source at ambient temperature.
The fire-extinguishing performance and mechanism of fluorinated cyclobutane through experimental measurement and numerical calculation
Authors: Jin Zhenzhen , Zhang Xiao
Published: August 2023

Research and development of new fire-extinguishing agents to replace halon is very urgent, and the properties of some fire-extinguishing agents with potential application value have not been studied.
Glucose-derived carbon dots for targeted delivery of doxorubicin in cancer therapy
Authors: Dubey Naveneet , Ramteke Suman , Jain N. K. , Dutta Tanoy , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: August 2023

In the present research work, a carbon-dot (CD)-based self-assembled drug delivery system for the delivery of doxorubicin in cancer cells was developed.
Integrated battery–capacitor storage system: polyaniline interwoven Co-ZIF-derived hollow NiCo-LDH with enhanced electrochemical properties for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Hao , Tian Jiaying , Wang Mingyue , Chen Yuan , Wu Ning , Peng Liping , Liu Yinsheng , Xu Xijia , Yang Wu
Published: August 2023

Schematic diagram illustrating the synthesis route for NiCo-LDH@PANI.
Green synthesis of M-type manganese-substituted strontium hexaferrite SrMnxFe12−xO19 nanoparticles with intrinsic antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Hamarawf Rebaz F. , Tofiq Dyari I. , Omer Khalid M.
Published: August 2023

Green synthesis methods for inorganic nanomaterials have attracted attention due to their effectiveness and suitability for large-scale production.
Ca-DEX biomineralization-inducing nuts reverse oxidative stress and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Yaqing , Wang Zongzhang , Wang Yiru , Feng Yushuo , Xu Mengjiao , Ma Xiaoqian , Shi Qianqian , Deng Huaping , Ren Fangfang , Chen Yong , Chen Hongmin
Published: August 2023

A Ca-DEX biomineralization-inducing nut (CaCO3-DEX) with controlled release properties for mitigating the toxic side effects of DEX in RA treatment, especially the damage to cartilage and bone.
Ultrafast glimpses of the excitation energy-dependent exciton dynamics and charge carrier mobility in Cs2SnI6 nanocrystals
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Shukla Ayushi , Sinha Arijit , Debnath Koyendrila , Justice Babu Kaliyamoorthy , Bhatt Himanshu , Waghmare Umesh V. , Ghosh Hirendra N.
Published: August 2023

Deploying advanced techniques-time-resolved transient absorption and terahertz spectroscopy, we reveal intriguing insights into the dynamics of diverse energy excitons and unconventional carrier transport in Cs2SnI6 nanocrystals.
An interfacial toughening strategy for high stability 2D/3D perovskite X-ray detectors with a carbon nanotube thin film electrode
Authors: Qiu Liwen , Wang Mingqiang , Sun Tian , Lou Qiang , Chen Tong , Yang Guoshen , Qian Wei , Zhang Zixuan , Yang Shihe , Zhang Min , Jin Yufeng , Zhou Hang
Published: August 2023

A mechanical robust and flexible carbon nanotube (CNT) film was proposed to replace the noble metal electrode by forming amide bonds with phenethylamine-based two-dimensional (2D) perovskite, thus toughening the perovskite-electrode interface.
Anti-inflammatory potential of platinum nanozymes: mechanisms and perspectives
Authors: Bardi Giuseppe , Boselli Luca , Pompa Pier Paolo
Published: August 2023

PtNPs hold great potential as anti-inflammatory agents, regulating the ROS-mediated recruitment and activation of immune system components.
Rhodium(i)-catalyzed cascade C(sp2)–H bond alkylation – amidation of anilines: phosphorus as traceless directing group
Authors: Peng Marie , Ari Denis , Roisnel Thierry , Doucet Henri , Soulé Jean-François
Published: August 2023

A one-pot synthesis for dihydroquinolinones via Rh(i)-catalyzed C–H bond alkylation and amidation has been developed. The key roles of trivalent phosphorus and water were also identified through kinetic studies.
Role of MXenes in advancing soft robotics
Authors: Iravani Siavash
Published: August 2023

Recent developments pertaining to the applications of MXenes and their composites in soft robotics are discussed, focusing on the important challenges and future perspectives.
Layer-by-layer processing enabled alloy-like ternary organic solar cells to achieve 17.9% efficiency
Authors: Du Jingwen , Zhu Ruobi , Cao Luye , Li Xinrui , Du Xiaoyang , Lin Hui , Zheng Caijun , Tao Silu
Published: August 2023

Combining the ternary donor alloy strategy with the layer-by-layer spin-coating process, we have prepared OSCs with superior film morphology and thermal and light stability, with a PCE of 17.9%, higher than those of binary BHJ OSCs (15.72%).
Unlocking the secrets of ABEs: the molecular mechanism behind their specificity
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , McAndrew Mitchell J. , Lapinaite Audrone
Published: August 2023

CRISPR–Cas, the bacterial immune systems, have transformed the field of genome editing by providing efficient, easily programmable, and accessible tools for targeted genome editing. DNA base editors (BE) are state-of-the-art CRISPR-based technology, allowing for targeted modifications of individual nucleobases within the genome. Among the BEs, adenine base editors (ABEs) have shown great potential due to their ability to convert A-to-G with high efficiency. However, current ABEs have limitations in terms of their specificity and targeting range. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanism of ABEs, with a focus on the mechanism of deoxyadenosine deamination by evolved tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase (TadA). We discuss how mutations and adjustments introduced via both directed evolution as well as rational design have improved ABE efficiency and specificity. This review offers insights into the molecular mechanism of ABEs, providing a roadmap for future developments in the precision genome editing field.
Advancement of Sustainable Development, Decision Support Systems, and Data Science Based on the Seventeenth ICMSEM Proceedings
Authors: Xu Jiuping
Published: August 2023

Management science (MS) uses a variety of scientific researchbased principles and analytical methods, such as mathematical modeling and data analysis, to make decisions and solve complex problems, and has strong connections to management, data, economics, engineering, and other fields. The scientific MS community has grown significantly over the past few decades, particularly in sustainable development, decision support systems, and data science. This paper gives a brief introduction to Volume I of the seventeenth ICMSEM proceedings. First, the key MS research areas are reviewed and the reasons given as to why sustainable development, decision support systems, and data science have been hotspots. Then, the literature in the primary study areas in the seventeenth ICMSEM proceedings Volume I is summarized. Finally, CiteSpace is employed to analyze future MS developments. ICMSEM continues to provide a valuable forum for academic exchanges and communication to promote future innovation in management science and engineering management (MSEM).
The Impact of ESG Rating on Stock Price Synchronization of Listed Companies: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Weike , Yi Zhimin , Liu Shiyi , Manzoor Aqsa
Published: August 2023

To explore the latest feedback from the Chinese capital market on listed companies’ ESG evaluation, we construct a two-way fixed-effects model with a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2018-2020 to empirically investigate the relationship between ESG rating and share price synchronization, and the impact mechanism is also explored from both internal and external perspectives of financial constraints and analyst attention. It is found that, a high ESG rating helps reduce the stock price synchronization, while financial constraints play a partial mediating effect and analyst attention plays a full mediating effect. In addition, the effect is more pronounced among manufacturing firms and non-SOEs. This study enriches the research related to ESG and stock price informativeness, and the findings provide important basis for the long-term benign development of ESG philosophy.
Analysis of Tuojiang River Basin’s Green Development Level and Difference Based on PSR Model
Authors: Chen Mingyang , Jiang Jinshan , Liu Jinwen , Xian Jin
Published: August 2023

Since the the policy that, building a beautiful Sichuan and Tuojiang River green development economic belt has been launched, the Tuojiang River Basin has become one of the most important river basins in Sichuan. Building the Tuojiang River Basin as a pioneer area for green development is of vital significance. This paper selected five cities as the research objects, which are Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Neijiang, and Ziyang. Firstly, the paper analyzed the factors affecting the green development of the Tuojiang River Basin, and then combined the PSR model with the “economy-society-resources-nature” indicators to construct a green development indicator system suitable for the Tuojiang River Basin. After that, the entropy weight-grey relational analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to analyze the green development evaluation system. The results show that average green development levels of Zigong, Luzhou, Deyang, Neijiang and Ziyang are 0.7263, 0.8498, 0.4357, 0.6890 and 0.6856 respectively. Through the spatial analysis, the Moran’s I is 0.104, indicating a significant positive spatial correlation of green development in the Tuojiang River Basin. And the green development level of Ziyang belongs to the high-low agglomeration type. The rest of the areas are not significantly aggregated, and finally suggestions were proposed for improvement.