bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient removal through plant components of low yielding coconut plantation
Authors: Wijebandara D. M. D. I. , Kurudukubura C. P. A. , Panditharathna D. P.
Published: October 2016

The potential production ofdifferent lands varies depending on the quality of the.land. The land suitability class S4; moderately suitable and S5; marginally suitable lands yielding 5,000 to 10,000 nuts ha–1 yr–1 and 2,500 to 5,000 nuts ha–1 yr–1 for coconut respectively are regarded as low potential productivity lands. These lands have limitations which are moderately severe and reduce the level of coconut productivity. Thus, these lands require inputs like fertilizer and agricultural practices like contour drains or terracing, husk pits, cover crops and mulch around the palms to break even cost and bring about profit to moderate level. Fertlizer application is one of the important inputs for such lands. The information on macro and micronutrient removal by Typica x Typica (CRI 60) coconut palms and required fertilizer input to compensate the loss of nutrients in low potential productivity lands are not available. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the macro and micronutrient removal by coconut palms in low yielding lands and to compare nutrient removal with fertilizer inputs and soil reserves.Harvested nuts, fallen fronds and fallen inflorescences were collected monthly interval for three years from ten coconut palms of Typica x Typica (CRI 60) grown on moderately suitable Boralu series soil (Red Yellow Podzolic). The macro and micronutrients in plant components and nutrient reserves in experimental site were determined. The results reavealed that the major nutrient removed by all plant parts were 164,53,37; 22,19 and 9.85 kg–1 ha–1 yr–1 for K, N, Na, Ca, Mg and P respectively. The amount of N, P, K, Ca and Mg applied annually as fertilizers were 58, 11.5, 125.9,69.9 and 19 kg–1 ha–1 respectively. Except K and Mg, the other macronutrients, input by application of fertilizer slightly exceeds the nutrient removal. The N, P, Ca and Mg reserves of soil was high and would not deplete rapidly. The K input by application of 3.3 kg of APM fertilizer mixture was about 76.7 % of the K removal. This leads to depletion of exchangeable K pool rapidly, if the harvested nuts and fallen plant components are all removed from the plantation. Hence, the depletion should be compensated for either by adding extra 80 kg ha–1 of Muriate of Potash or recycling of fallen fronds and residues of the inflorescences or mulching the manure circle using fresh coconut husks or addition of organic manure.The mironutrient removed through all plant parts were 0.93, 0.53, 0.28, 0.15 and 0.09 kg–1 ha–1 yr–1 for Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Cu respectively. The reserves of available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in Boralu series soil was very high and the gap between the soil reserves and the plant removal rates were high. Hence, micronutrient containing fertilizers would not be required as the depletion of micronutrient reserves in soil would not occurre significantly.
Evaluation of coconut germplasm in Weligama and Matara area of the Southern Province of Sri Lanka for resistance to Weligama coconut leaf wilt disease
Authors: Perera S. A. C. N. , Herath H. M. N. B. , Wijesekera H. T. R. , Subhathma W. G. R. , Weerakkody W. A. T. L.
Published: October 2016

Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease has been reported to infect the coconut palms in Southern Sri Lanka. Intra-cellular pathogen phytoplasma has been identified as the causal organism of this disease. So far there have been no known control methods to cure diseases caused by intra-cellular pathogens. Integration of resistant varieties into management programmes has been identified as a viable option in management strategies of such diseases. For this, it is essential to identify the resistance of available genetic resources. This study was carried out in the Weligama and Matara area of Southern Sri Lanka to screen the coconut germplasm for resistance to Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease. Infected and healthy palms were differentiated using symptomatology; flaccidity of leaves, yellowing of leaves and marginal necrosis of leaflets. Sri Lanka Tall, Sri Lanka Green and yellow dwarfs, Gon thembili tall and king coconut were among the main coconut forms studied. Out of them Sri Lanka Green Dwarf recorded a high level of resistance (98%). Within the Sri Lanka Yellow dwarf and Gon thembili tall, certain individual genotypes were observed to be resistant while king coconut was identified to be susceptible. The most popular commercial coconut variety, Sri Lanka tall was highly susceptible to the disease although there were certain individual genotypes which were resistant. Although Sri Lanka Green dwarf has not so far been viable as a commercial coconut cultivar the presence of resistant genes within the coconut germplasm was recognized as a great advantage in breeding coconuts for resistance to Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease.
Dry matter requirement for growth and respiration of coconut
Authors: Ranasinghe C. S. , Premasiri R. D. N.
Published: October 2016

The present study determined the dry matter (DM) requirement for potential growth (PGR), growth respiration (Rg) and maintenance respiration (Rm) of fruits, leaves, stem and root system of adult coconut palms (25-26 years) of Tall x Tall cultivar under resource-unlimiting conditions. The total DM requirement of a palm was about 21 kg/palm/month and 63% of that total was required for growth and respiration of vegetative organs (leaves, stem and roots) whilst the rest (37%) was for fruits. Similarly, the DM required for respiration (62%) was nearly two third of the total requirement of a palm and the balance 38% was required for growth of organs. The total dry matter requirement (TDMR) of individual fruits varied with developing stage and TDMR of fruits / palm varied between months and years depending on the fruit load of different development stages. Irrespective of the year, TDMR of fruits was highest during November to February (about 10-11 kg/palm/month) and lowest in June-July (about 5-6 kg/palm/month). However, the DM requirement of vegetative organs (a total of approximately 13 kg/palm/month) did not vary between months.
Malignant catarrhal fever infection in a heifer in Jordan
Authors: Abutarbush Sameeh M.
Published: October 2016

A 14-month-old Holstein Friesian heifer was presented for decreased appetite, ocular discharge, and diarrhea. The heifer was raised at the farm since she was 3 days old. On presentation, the heifer had bilateral mucopurulent ocular discharge and corneal opacity, ulcerative and necrotic skin, and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) infection was diagnosed based on clinical signs and PCR. MCF infection has never been reported in Jordan.
Investigation on the effects of vermiculite-based feed additives on ammonia and nitrate emission from pig slurry and pig growth performances
Authors: Consigliere Riccardo , Costa Annamaria , Meloni Domenico
Published: October 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of vermiculite-based feed additives used in fattening pigs on the concentrations of nitrogen compounds in manure and atmosphere and upon measures of pig production efficiency. The trial was conducted in a fattening unit representative of Italian commercial units. The pigs were routinely fed twice a day with a feed ration identical for all the pigs except for the addition of the vermiculite additive (group A). During the fattening period, the evolution of atmospheric ammonia concentration, total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrates of slurry and pigs live weight gain were evaluated. The inclusion at very low dosage of vermiculite-based feed additives in fattening pigs increased the nitrification activity in the treated slurry. No reduction of the ammonia emission was obtained. The average growth rate of the treated group was higher, whilst the feed conversion rate was similar in both groups.
Mixed Spectral Method for Heat Transfer Using Generalised Hermite Functions and Legendre Polynomials
Authors: Wang Tian-Jun , Zhang Chao , Zhang Qiong
Published: October 2016

We propose amixed spectral method for heat transfer in unbounded domains, using generalised Hermite functions and Legendre polynomials. Some basic results on the mixed generalised Hermite-Legendre orthogonal approximation are established, which plays important roles in spectral methods for various problems defined on unbounded domains. As an example, the mixed generalised Hermite-Legendre spectral scheme is constructed for anisotropic heat transfer. Its convergence is proven, and some numerical results demonstrate the spectral accuracy of this approach.
A Comparative Study of Igala and Igbo Culture and Communication Systems in Ata Igala Coronation and Ofala Festival, 2013
Authors: Ottah Gabriel Alhassan
Published: October 2016

The culture and communication systems of the Igala nation of Kogi State and the Igbo nation of Eastern Nigeria were comparatively studied using the coronation of Ata Igala at Idah, Kogi State between 5 and 10 March; and the Ofala Festival at Onitsha, Anambra State between 7 and 13 October, both in 2013. The concern of the study was to among other things identify the aspects of the cultures of the two neigbouring ethnic nationalities that were similar and how the similarities could be better harnessed towards the attainment of cultural unity and national development in Nigeria. I adopted particpant observation as an instrument of ethnographic design of fact finding, hence, my physical presence at both ceremonies. Pictoral description was also adopted to bring home points. It was found that the Igala and Igbo communities had common cultural practices manifesting in names of objects, cultural ideologies, seasonal celebrations and the institution of traditional leadership. It was observed that the existing cultural harmony could be properly harnessed into creating a forum for cultural unity among different groups in Nigeria to foster unity and national development. The paper therefore recommended among others that modern media of mass communication should do more in terms of the promotion of African culture through transmission of Africa-oriented programmes to champion the cause of development on the continent.Key Words: Ata Igala, Obi Onitsha, African culture, African communication systems, coronation, Ofala festival
Ibie’ka (Ideographs): Developing Visual Signs for Expressing Contemporary Niger Delta in an Era of Petroleum Oil Exploitation
Authors: Edewor Uyoyou Nelson
Published: October 2016

Visual signs (ideographs) are artistic codified expressions that promote social and cultural integration. They are normally based on popular conventions which over a period of time become generally accepted. In pre-western literate Africa, apart from oral communication, visual codes were employed within social groups. The impact of such codifications were usually entrenched in socio-religious and cultural rubrics. In modern society, much of such knowledge systems have become lost to western literate types. The adverse effect of such transference is noticeable in near total alienation of popular visual arts codifications and their appreciation. Persons now rely solely on the written text for communication. Whereas it is important that artistic visualizations should promote and preserve indigenous aesthetics wherein knowledge systems that promote such exists. It is from this perspective that Ibie’ka signs, inspired by rigorous studio explorations as expressed in the researcher’s Niger Delta Visuals (NDV) present new possibilities for indigenous communication that espouses conditions of human challenges related to exploitative tendencies of oil exploration in the Niger delta. Based on studio exploratory approach, Ibie’ka signs add to a repertoire of new expressive sinology that aptly promotes indigenous knowledge system in contemporary Africa.Key words: Ibie’ka, signs, petroleum oil, exploitation.
Intrigues and Twist in the Imamate Crisis of Lagos Central Mosque (Jama’atul Muslimeen Council), 1841 to 1947
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Okunola
Published: October 2016

The period between 1847 to 1947 was a chequered one in the history of Islam and especially the Imamate in Lagos. After establishing the Imamate, the Lagos Muslim community found the traditional authority as a pillar of support and much later the colonial authority. The crisis, that bedevilled the community from one time and the other, created schism that permanently divided the community into two factions. In a bid to outwit each other, it was exigent for different factions to find support and align with both the traditional and colonial authorities. This paper explored the causes, course and the negative impacts of the crisis on Lagos Muslim community. It also argued that the positive fallout of the crisis is the peaceful succession process to the exalted position of the Chief Imam which Lagos Muslim Community enjoys till today.Key words: Imamate, Crisis, Chief Imam, Traditional Authority, Colonial Authority,
Creating Local Peace Committee: A Participatory Action Research Project in Ojoo
Authors: Irene Oseremen Felix, , Aikhoje Alexander Ewanole
Published: October 2016

The human society has experienced one form of violence or the other, and there have been efforts at various times and various communities to prevent violence and build peace. A nonviolent conflict intervention approach has gained popularity in recent years, but for most states, the popular approach has been the use of force expressed in the deployment of security agents and their actions in conflict interventions; at best, that often results is negative peace. For an effective conflict intervention and transformation, an approach whose outcome is positive peace is desired. This is where infrastructures for peace such as a local peace committee come to play. It is a cotton-edged approach to conflict intervention and largely defines a bottom-top configuration which often brings to fore the role of insiders cum locals as well as harnesses local resources to promote social change for peace in local communities and society at large. This study explores the idea of a local peace committee, adopts a participatory action research design to build such peace infrastructure and promotes the concepts of such local peace structure in the study area.Key Words: Local Peace Committee, Conflict Resolution, Participatory Action Research Project
Patriarchy, Women’s Triple Roles and Development in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Alliyu Nurudeen
Published: October 2016

The study was conducted to establish the root of the various manifestations in the labour process that tend to value men and what they do than women and what they do. This was done against the background knowledge that fingered patriarchy as a contributory factor. The paper therefore examined what happens at the household level between the respondents and their husbands in terms of decision-making processes. One hundred and ninety-five (195) out of 225 sampled propertied women who owned landed and movable properties were selected for the study. It is strongly believed that whatsoever happens at the household level between husband and wife (wives) has a way of replicating itself in the other sphere of the society including the process of production. In its concluding remarks the paper submitted that patriarchy was not only a fundamental cause of the slant relationship between men and women, it has become highly institutionalized with the support of women folks to maintain the status quo over the years. The imbalance relationship between men and women in the social relations of production and, indeed, the whole super-structure of the society could however be changed gradually through the use of the social reproductive role of women
The Role of the Media in the Development of the English Language in Nigeria
Authors: Ugoji Stella Chinwe
Published: October 2016

The mass media have penetrated deeply into the society making it pertinent that we examine the types of mass media and the nature of the influence the media exert on individuals in the society. The diverse multicultural backgrounds of the English language learners make it imperative for the media to play paramount role in the teaching and development of English in Nigeria. In the recent times, learning takes place within and outside the classroom. The media presently convey more information to learners through the radio, newspapers, magazines, television etc. than those conveyed in the classrooms. This paper reiterated the fact that communication is a vehicle for education, as well as the role of the media in bringing constructive change in the teaching and development of the English language in Nigeria.Key Words: Media, English language and development
Distribution-led growth in the long run
Authors: Nikiforos Michalis
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the long-run fluctuations in growth and distribution through the prism of wage- and profit-led growth. It argues that the relation between distribution of income and growth changes over time and proposes an endogenous mechanism that leads to fluctuations between wage- and profit-led periods. The ephemeral character of distribution-led regimes needs to be taken into account when someone estimates empirically the effect of a change in distribution on utilization and growth. The model is a linear version of Goodwin's predator–prey model, but with a reversal of the roles for predator and prey; this is another way to conceptualize the symbiosis between the two classes within a capitalist economy. The aforementioned argument is also examined in relation to the double movement of Karl Polanyi and the inverse U-shaped curve proposed by Simon Kuznets.
A polarimetric scattering database for non-spherical ice particles at microwave wavelengths
Authors: Lu Yinghui , Jiang Zhiyuan , Aydin Kultegin , Verlinde Johannes , Clothiaux Eugene E. , Botta Giovanni
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The atmospheric science community has entered a period in which electromagnetic scattering properties at microwave frequencies of realistically constructed ice particles are necessary for making progress on a number of fronts. One front includes retrieval of ice-particle properties and signatures from ground-based, airborne, and satellite-based radar and radiometer observations. Another front is evaluation of model microphysics by application of forward operators to their outputs and comparison to observations during case study periods. Yet a third front is data assimilation, where again forward operators are applied to databases of ice-particle scattering properties and the results compared to observations, with their differences leading to corrections of the model state. Over the past decade investigators have developed databases of ice-particle scattering properties at microwave frequencies and made them openly available. Motivated by and complementing these earlier efforts, a database containing polarimetric single-scattering properties of various types of ice particles at millimeter to centimeter wavelengths is presented. While the database presented here contains only single-scattering properties of ice particles in a fixed orientation, ice-particle scattering properties are computed for many different directions of the radiation incident on them. These results are useful for understanding the dependence of ice-particle scattering properties on ice-particle orientation with respect to the incident radiation. For ice particles that are small compared to the wavelength, the number of incident directions of the radiation is sufficient to compute reasonable estimates of their (randomly) orientation-averaged scattering properties. This database is complementary to earlier ones in that it contains complete (polarimetric) scattering property information for each ice particle – 44 plates, 30 columns, 405 branched planar crystals, 660 aggregates, and 640 conical graupel – and direction of incident radiation but is limited to four frequencies (X-, Ku-, Ka-, and W-bands), does not include temperature dependencies of the single-scattering properties, and does not include scattering properties averaged over randomly oriented ice particles. Rules for constructing the morphologies of ice particles from one database to the next often differ; consequently, analyses that incorporate all of the different databases will contain the most variability, while illuminating important differences between them. Publication of this database is in support of future analyses of this nature and comes with the hope that doing so helps contribute to the development of a database standard for ice-particle scattering properties, like the NetCDF (Network Common Data Form) CF (Climate and Forecast) or NetCDF CF/Radial metadata conventions.
Models for polythermal ice sheets and glaciers
Authors: Hewitt Ian , Schoof Christian
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Polythermal ice sheets and glaciers contain both cold ice and temperate ice. We present two new models to describe the temperature and water-content of such ice masses, accounting for the possibility of gravity- and pressure-driven water drainage according to Darcy's law. Both models are based on the principle of energy conservation; one additionally invokes the theory of viscous compaction to calculate pore water pressure, and the other involves a modification of existing enthalpy gradient methods to include gravity-driven drainage. The models consistently predict the evolution of temperature in cold ice, and of water content in temperate ice. Numerical solutions are described, and a number of illustrative test problems are presented, allowing comparison with existing methods. The suggested models are simple enough to be incorporated in existing ice-sheet models with little modification.
The Impact of the Financial Sector on Asset Pricing Tests: Evidence from the Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Abeysekera Amal Peter , Pulukkuttige Don Nimal
Published: October 2016

This paper aims to identify how the inclusion of financial sector affects the ability of asset pricing models to explain the average stock returns in the CSE.  Most of the asset pricing researches, the firms in the financial sector are excluded on the basis that their characteristics and the leverage are notably different than firms in other industries. Therefore the objective of this study is to identify the impact of the inclusion of financial sector on the ability of the Carhart four-factor model to explain the average stock returns in the CSE and to compare its performance with the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Fama and French three-factor model. The study finds that the four-factor model; incorporating the market premium, size premium, value premium and momentum premium provides a satisfactory explanation of the variation in the cross-section of average stock returns in the CSE, even when the financial sector is included. It is found that the Carhart four-factor model performs better than the CAPM in all scenarios; and that it performs notably better than the Fama and French three-factor model.However, there is no notable difference in the findings either the financial sector is included or not. 
“Taalk Half, Lef Half”: Negotiating Transnational Identities through Proverbial Speech in African Guyanese Kweh-Kweh Rituals
Authors: Richards-Greaves Gillian
Published: October 2016

This essay interrogates the ways that African Guyanese use proverbs in kweh-kweh ritual settings to assert ancestral authority, address taboo subjects, and impart matrimonial advice to soon-to-be-married couples. By examining proverb use in kweh-kweh contexts in Guyana and New York City, I address the complications that result from transnational migration and demonstrate how proverb comprehension and performance affect whether someone is regarded as a “real” (native or “authentic”) Guyanese or a “foreigner.”
Predictive Model of Happiness on the Basis of Positive Psychology Constructs
Authors: Sajjadian Parinaz , Kalantari Mehrdad , Abedi Mohammad Reza , Nilforooshan Parisa
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the present study was to offer predictive model of happiness on the basis of positive psychology constructs. It is among correlational studies through applying causal modeling. The statistical population of the study included BA students at the University of Isfahan and Industrial University. A sample of 420 individuals was selected via multi-stage clustered random sampling method. The measurement instruments included Oxford’s happiness questionnaire (Argyle, 1989), psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), quality of life (Cummins, 1997), Polotzin and Elison’s spiritual Well-Being (1982) and Bar-On’s Emotional Intelligence (2000). The data were analyzed through Amos22 software. Results showed that the model with supposed indexes owned an appropriate goodness of fit. The results implied that the greatest amount of variance of happiness is explained by the direct effect of quality of life and indirect effect of emotional intelligence with mediating of quality of life. The direct effect of emotional intelligence with mediating psychological wellbeing and indirect effect of emotional intelligence on happiness with mediating spiritual wellbeing explains the variable of happiness at medium level. Finally the role of positive psychology constructs especially quality of life and emotional intelligence is confirmed in happiness and the results state the importance of positive psychology constructs in happiness.
Inducing Visuomotor Adaptation Using Virtual Reality Gaming with a Virtual Shift as a Treatment for Unilateral Spatial Neglect
Authors: Carter A.R. , Foreman M.H. , Martin C. , Fitterer S. , Pioppo A. , Connor L.T. , Engsberg J.R.
Published: October 2016

Unilateral spatial neglect after stroke is characterized by reduced responses to stimuli on the contralesional side, causing significant impairments in self-care and safety. Conventional visuomotor adaptation (VMA) with prisms that cause a lateral shift of the visual scene can decrease neglect symptoms but is not engaging according to patients. Performing VMA within a virtual reality (VR) environment may be more engaging but has never been tested. To determine if VMA can be elicited in a VR environment, healthy subjects (n=7) underwent VMA that was elicited by either wearing prisms that caused an optical shift, or by application of a virtual shift of the hand cursor within the VR environment. A low cost VR system was developed by coupling the Kinect v2 gaming sensor to online games via the Flexible Action and Articulated Skeleton Toolkit (FAAST) software. The adaptation phase of training consisted of a reaching task in online games or in a custom target pointing program. Following the adaptation phase the optical or virtual shift was removed and participants were assessed during the initial portion of the de-adaptation phase for the presence of an after-effect on their reaching movements, with lateral reaching errors indicating the successful induction of VMA. Results show that practicing reaching in a VR environment with a virtual shift lead to a horizontal after-effect similar to conventional prism adaptation. The results demonstrate that VMA can be elicited in a VR environment and suggest that VR gaming therapy could be used to improve recovery from unilateral spatial neglect.
TP53 exon-6 truncating mutations produce separation of function isoforms with pro-tumorigenic functions
Authors: Shirole Nitin H , Pal Debjani , Kastenhuber Edward R , Senturk Serif , Boroda Joseph , Pisterzi Paola , Miller Madison , Munoz Gustavo , Anderluh Marko , Ladanyi Marc , Lowe Scott W , Sordella Raffaella
Published: October 2016

TP53 truncating mutations are common in human tumors and are thought to give rise to p53-null alleles. Here, we show that TP53 exon-6 truncating mutations occur at higher than expected frequencies and produce proteins that lack canonical p53 tumor suppressor activities but promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Functionally and molecularly, these p53 mutants resemble the naturally occurring alternative p53 splice variant, p53-psi. Accordingly, these mutants can localize to the mitochondria where they promote tumor phenotypes by binding and activating the mitochondria inner pore permeability regulator, Cyclophilin D (CypD). Together, our studies reveal that TP53 exon-6 truncating mutations, contrary to current beliefs, act beyond p53 loss to promote tumorigenesis, and could inform the development of strategies to target cancers driven by these prevalent mutations.
A column generation algorithm for the bus driver scheduling problem
Authors: Lin Dung‐Ying , Hsu Ching‐Lan
Published: October 2016

Bus driver scheduling aims to find the minimum number of bus drivers to cover a published timetable of a bus company. When scheduling bus drivers, contractual working rules must be enforced, thus complicating the problem. In this research, we develop a column generation algorithm that decomposes this complicated problem into a master problem and a series of pricing subproblems. The master problem selects optimal duties from a set of known feasible duties, and the pricing subproblem augments the feasible duty set to improve the solution obtained in the master problem. The proposed algorithm is empirically applied to the realistic problems of several bus companies. The numerical results show that the proposed column generation algorithm can solve real‐world problems and obtain bus driver schedules that are better than those developed and used by the bus companies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computed tomography anomalies associated with isolated hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Sugawara Yu
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical Message

Hypocalcemia due to chronic hypoparathyroidism presents with nonspecific symptoms. However, if untreated, hypocalcemia may affect neurological, cognitive, muscular, and cardiac function. Computed tomography (CT) findings may confirm a diagnosis of chronic hypoparathyroidism. Although autoimmune acquired hypoparathyroidism is a rare disease, early diagnosis and treatment are critical for avoiding severe complications.
Intragenomic conflict produces sex ratio dynamics that favor maternal sex ratio distorters
Authors: Rood Elaine S. , Freedberg Steven
Published: October 2016

Maternal sex ratio distorters (MSDs) are selfish elements that enhance their transmission by biasing their host's sex allocation in favor of females. While previous models have predicted that the female‐biased populations resulting from sex ratio distortion can benefit from enhanced productivity, these models neglect Fisherian selection for nuclear suppressors, an unrealistic assumption in most systems. We used individual‐based computer simulation modeling to explore the intragenomic conflict between sex ratio distorters and their suppressors and explored the impacts of these dynamics on population‐level competition between species characterized byMSDs and those lacking them. The conflict between distorters and suppressors was capable of producing large cyclical fluctuations in the population sex ratio and reproductive rate. Despite fitness costs associated with the distorters and suppressors,MSDpopulations often exhibited enhanced productivity and outcompeted non‐MSDpopulations in single and multiple‐population competition simulations. Notably, the conflict itself is beneficial to the success of populations, as sex ratio oscillations limit the competitive deficits associated with prolonged periods of male rarity. Although intragenomic conflict has been historically viewed as deleterious to populations, our results suggest that distorter–suppressor conflict can provide population‐level advantages, potentially helping to explain the persistence of sex ratio distorters in a range of taxa.
Wσ,ϵ-estimates for nonlocal elliptic equations
Authors: Yu Hui
Published: October 2016

We prove a

W^{\sigma ,\epsilon }

-estimate for a class of nonlocal fully nonlinear elliptic equations by following Fanghua Lin's original approach [8] to the analogous problem for second order elliptic equations, by first proving a potential estimate, then combining this estimate with the ABP-type estimate by N. Guillen and R. Schwab to control the size of the superlevel sets of the
σ
-order derivatives of solutions.
BMO solvability and the $A_∞$ condition for second order parabolic operators
Authors: Pipher Jill , Dindoš Martin , Petermichl Stefanie
Published: October 2016

We prove that a sharp regularity property (

A_{\infty }

) of parabolic measure for operators in certain time-varying domains is equivalent to a Carleson measure property of bounded solutions. This equivalence was established in the elliptic case by Kenig, Kirchheim, Pipher and Toro, improving an earlier result of Kenig, Dindos and Pipher for solutions with data in
BMO
. The connection between regularity of the elliptic measure and certain Carleson measure properties of solutions was established in order to study solvability of boundary value problems for non-symmetric divergence form operators (Kenig, Koch, Pipher, and Toro). The extension to the parabolic setting requires an approach to the key estimates of the aforementioned works that primarily exploits the maximum principle. For various classes of parabolic operators ([24]), this criterion also provides an easier route to establish the solvability of the Dirichlet problem with data in

L^{p}

for some

p

, and also to quantify these results in several aspects.
Stable blowup for wave equations in odd space dimensions
Authors: Donninger Roland , Schörkhuber Birgit
Published: October 2016

We consider semilinear wave equations with focusing power nonlinearities in odd space dimensions

d \geq 5

. We prove that for every

p > \frac{d + 3}{d−1}

there exists an open set of radial initial data in

H^{\frac{d + 1}{2}} \times H^{\frac{d−1}{2}}

such that the corresponding solution exists in a backward lightcone and approaches the ODE blowup profile. The result covers the entire range of energy supercritical nonlinearities and extends our previous work for the three-dimensional radial wave equation to higher space dimensions.
A characterization result for the existence of a two-phase material minimizing the first eigenvalue
Authors: Casado-Díaz Juan
Published: October 2016

Given two isotropic homogeneous materials represented by two constants

0 < \alpha < \beta

in a smooth bounded open set

\mathrm{\Omega } \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}

, and a positive number

\kappa < |\mathrm{\Omega }|

, we consider here the problem consisting in finding a mixture of these materials

\alpha \chi _{\omega } + \beta (1−\chi _{\omega })

,

\omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}

measurable, with

|\omega | \leq \kappa

, such that the first eigenvalue of the operator

u \in H_{0}^{1}(\mathrm{\Omega })\rightarrow −\mathrm{div}\left(\left(\alpha \chi _{\omega } + \beta (1−\chi _{\omega })\right)\mathrm{∇}u\right)

reaches the minimum value. In a recent paper, [6], we have proved that this problem has not solution in general. On the other hand, it was proved in [1] that it has solution if

Ω

is a ball. Here, we show the following reciprocate result: If

\mathrm{\Omega } \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}

is smooth, simply connected and has connected boundary, then the problem has a solution if and only if

Ω

is a ball.
Talking about Durables
Authors: Lomax Wendy , East Robert
Published: October 2016

Using a survey of 349 respondents, we investigate the triggers of word of mouth (WOM) in four durable categories and compare this evidence with previous findings for services. For these durables, positive word of mouth (PWOM) is mostly triggered by advertising and customer satisfaction with the product, while negative word of mouth (NWOM) is rare and mostly triggered by the content of conversation and the perception that other persons need advice. This contrasts with previously established findings for services where advertising has little effect on PWOM and dissatisfaction has substantial effect on NWOM. These differences have important implications: they suggest that durable ads should be tested to check that they trigger PWOM and that service providers should pay more attention to the satisfaction derived from the service experience.
Adverse Reactions to Contrast Material: A Canadian Update
Authors: Morzycki Alexander , Bhatia Anuj , Murphy Kieran J.
Published: October 2016

Imaging techniques frequently employ contrast agents to improve image resolution and enhance pathology detection. These gadolinium- and iodine-based media, although generally considered safe, are associated with a number of adverse effects ranging from mild to severe. Reactions are classified as either anaphylactoid (“anaphylaxis-like”) or nonanaphylactoid, depending on a number of elements that will be reviewed. Herein, we have summarized predisposing risk factors for adverse events resulting from the use of contrast, their associated pathophysiological mechanisms as well as known prophylaxis for the antitreatment of high-risk patients. In the unlikely event that a serious adverse reaction does occur, we have provided a comprehensive summary of treatment protocols. Our goal was to thoroughly evaluate the current literature regarding adverse reactions to radiocontrast agents and provide an up to date review for the health care provider.
Imaging Findings in Elder Abuse: A Role for Radiologists in Detection
Authors: Wong Natalie Z. , Rosen Tony , Sanchez Allen M. , Bloemen Elizabeth M. , Mennitt Kevin W. , Hentel Keith , Nicola Refky , Murphy Kieran J. , LoFaso Veronica M. , Flomenbaum Neal E. , Lachs Mark S.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Emergency department assessment represents a critical but often missed opportunity to identify elder abuse, which is common and has serious consequences. Among emergency care providers, diagnostic radiologists are optimally positioned to raise suspicion for mistreatment when reviewing imaging of geriatric injury victims. However, little literature exists describing relevant injury patterns, and most radiologists currently receive neither formal nor informal training in elder abuse identification.

Methods

We present 2 cases to begin characterisation of the radiographic findings in elder abuse.

Results

Findings from these cases demonstrate similarities to suspicious findings in child abuse including high-energy fractures that are inconsistent with reported mechanisms and the coexistence of acute and chronic injuries. Specific injuries uncommon to accidental injury are also noted, including a distal ulnar diaphyseal fracture.

Conclusions

We hope to raise awareness of elder abuse among diagnostic radiologists to encourage future large-scale research, increased focus on chronic osseous findings, and the addition of elder abuse to differential diagnoses.
Toward a More Evidence-Based Nosology and Nomenclature for Female Sexual Dysfunctions—Part I
Authors: Derogatis Leonard R. , Sand Michael , Balon Richard , Rosen Raymond , Parish Sharon J.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

A nomenclature is defined as a classification system for assigning names or terms in a scientific discipline. A nosology more specifically provides a scientific classification system for diseases or disorders. Historically, the nosologic system informing female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been the system developed by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III through DSM-5). Experts have recognized limitations of its use in clinical practice, including concerns that the DSM-5 system does not adequately reflect the spectrum and presentation of FSD.

Aim

To review the central considerations and issues that underlie the development of a new evidence-based nomenclature that reliably and validly defines the categories of FSD and will effectively function in clinical and research settings, serve as a basis for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, and provide regulatory guidance for interventions designed as FSD treatments.

Methods

The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health conducted a 2-day conference on nomenclature for FSD in December 2013. Key opinion leaders representing diverse areas of expertise discussed ideal characteristics, existing DSM definitions, and current and future ICD coding to develop consensus for this new nomenclature.

Main Outcome Measure

A comprehensive appreciation of the parameters and characteristics essential to a new FSD nomenclature and terminology that will serve as the principal nosology for the description and diagnosis of FSD.

Results

A critical appraisal of the essential elements of a classification system for diagnosing FSD was accomplished. The applicability of DSM-5 FSD definitions was challenged; and the considerations for developing a new nomenclature were discussed, including comorbidities, clinical thresholds, alternative etiologies, and validity.

Conclusion

The essential elements for developing a valid, reliable, credible, and clinically applicable nosology for FSD were enumerated as a preamble to constructing the actual nosologic system (Part II).
Osificación heterotópica en codo: resultados tras tratamiento quirúrgico
Authors: Fierro D. , Miralles C.
Published: October 2016

Introducción y objetivos: Se entiende osificación heterotópica (OH) como la formación ectópica de hueso maduro en los tejidos blandos adyacentes a zonas previamente lesionadas. La OH es una de las causas de rigidez articular del codo postraumática, con una prevalencia que oscila según series entre el 3 y el 45%. En su patogénesis se postula la diferenciación de células mesenquimales pluripotenciales en osteoblastos, siendo estos los causantes de la formación de hueso ectópico; sin embargo, se desconocen las causas que provocan esta reacción. Recientemente, diversos estudios de series de casos retrospectivos mediante análisis uni y multivariante han intentado encontrar factores de riesgo (FR) y parámetros predictores de la formación de OH, así como de su repercusión clínica.

Material y métodos: Presentamos un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de OH en codo tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestro centro entre los años 2005 y 2015. Se recogieron variables demográficas, antecedentes personales, evento traumático inicial, clínica, tiempo desde el traumatismo hasta el diagnóstico de la OH, tiempo desde el diagnóstico de OH hasta la cirugía escisional, seguimiento, recurrencia, y grados de movilidad en precirugía escisional y al final del seguimiento. Con ello pretendemos mostrar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento quirúrgico de esta patología.

Resultados: Obtuvimos 4 casos con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 40 meses. En 2 casos el evento traumático fue la luxación de codo, y en los otros 2, la ruptura del tendón del bíceps en su inserció n distal. Tres de ellos debutaron clínicamente con limitación en la movilidad articular, y uno con déficit motor a nivel radial. Todos los casos fueron varones con una edad media de 48 años. El tiempo medio transcurrido desde el evento traumático hasta el diagnóstico de OH fue de 4 meses, realizándose el tratamiento quirúrgico escisional tras el diagnóstico igualmente a los 4 meses aproximadamente como media. Tres de los 4 casos recidivaron, apareciendo nuevas calcificaciones con repercusión clínica y funcional.

Conclusión: Nuestros resultados convergen con los de la literatura en cuanto a FR y resultados funcionales; sin embargo, llama la atención el alto índice de recidiva en nuestra serie, con una tasa del 75% frente al 10-24% descrito en la literatura.
Análisis de un examen clínico objetivo estructurado en odontología desde la teoría de la generalizabilidad
Authors: Espinosa-Vázquez Olivia , Martínez-González Adrián , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor , Leenen Iwin
Published: October 2016

Introducción: Diversos estudios han analizado al examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) en Odontología para acumular evidencia de validez al utilizarlo como una herramienta de evaluación de la competencia clínica en los estudiantes. En este estudio introdujimos un ECOE diseñado en Odontología y se discuten los resultados del análisis desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la generalizabilidad, utilizando datos obtenidos de una aplicación del examen.
Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal en la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM. Participaron 120 estudiantes en un ECOE diseñado ex profeso en un circuito de 18 estaciones con duración de 6 min cada una, en el contexto de un curso de Odontopediatría del cuarto año de la licenciatura en Cirujano Dentista. Un análisis basado en la teoría de la generalizabilidad, con evaluadores y estaciones considerados como facetas, identificó las principales fuentes de variabilidad en los datos.
Resultados: La media (y desviación estándar) global de las calificaciones en el examen corresponde a 44% (7%), con las medias por estación variando entre el 23 y el 66%. El estudio de generalizabilidad mostró que la faceta correspondiente a los evaluadores explicó una parte significativa (13%) de la variación en los resultados por estación, más que la competencia clínica de los sustentantes (6%). En el estudio de decisión se encontró un coeficiente de generalizabilidad relativo de 0.63 y absoluto de 0.55.
Conclusiones: A la luz de los coeficientes de generalizabilidad relativamente bajos en el estudio de decisión, es importante analizar más allá el desarrollo del ECOE-O para minimizar el efecto de las fuentes que introducen varianza irrelevante al constructo en los resultados especialmente, se requiere revisar y ajustar las estaciones, así como calibrar mejor a los profesores para homogeneizar los criterios de evaluación.
Violent Order
Authors: Lidow Nicholai Hart
Published: October 2016

Rebel groups exhibit significant variation in their treatment of civilians, with profound humanitarian consequences. This book proposes a new theory of rebel behavior and cohesion based on the internal dynamics of rebel groups. Rebel groups are more likely to protect civilians and remain unified when rebel leaders can offer cash payments and credible future rewards to their top commanders. The leader's ability to offer incentives that allow local security to prevail depends on partnerships with external actors, such as diaspora communities and foreign governments. The book formalizes this theory and tests the implications through an in-depth look at the rebel groups involved in Liberia's civil war. The book also analyzes a micro-level dataset of crop area during Liberia's war, derived through remote sensing, and an original cross-national dataset of rebel groups.
Temporal Logics in Computer Science
Authors: Demri Stéphane , Goranko Valentin , Lange Martin
Published: October 2016

This comprehensive text provides a modern and technically precise exposition of the fundamental theory and applications of temporal logics in computer science. Part I presents the basics of discrete transition systems, including constructions and behavioural equivalences. Part II examines the most important temporal logics for transition systems and Part III looks at their expressiveness and complexity. Finally, Part IV describes the main computational methods and decision procedures for model checking and model building - based on tableaux, automata and games - and discusses their relationships. The book contains a wealth of examples and exercises, as well as an extensive annotated bibliography. Thus, the book is not only a solid professional reference for researchers in the field but also a comprehensive graduate textbook that can be used for self-study as well as for teaching courses.