bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglia Regulate Neuroglia Remodeling in Various Ocular and Retinal Injuries
Authors: Paschalis Eleftherios I. , Lei Fengyang , Zhou Chengxin , Chen Xiaohong Nancy , Kapoulea Vassiliki , Hui Pui-Chuen , Dana Reza , Chodosh James , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Dohlman Claes H.
Published: December 2018

Reactive microglia and infiltrating peripheral monocytes have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases of the retina and CNS. However, their specific contribution in retinal degeneration remains unclear. We recently showed that peripheral monocytes that infiltrate the retina after ocular injury in mice become permanently engrafted into the tissue, establishing a proinflammatory phenotype that promotes neurodegeneration. In this study, we show that microglia regulate the process of neuroglia remodeling during ocular injury, and their depletion results in marked upregulation of inflammatory markers, such as Il17f, Tnfsf11, Ccl4, Il1a, Ccr2, Il4, Il5, and Csf2 in the retina, and abnormal engraftment of peripheral CCR2+ CX3CR1+ monocytes into the retina, which is associated with increased retinal ganglion cell loss, retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, and pigmentation onto the retinal surface. Furthermore, we show that other types of ocular injuries, such as penetrating corneal trauma and ocular hypertension also cause similar changes. However, optic nerve crush injury–mediated retinal ganglion cell loss evokes neither peripheral monocyte response in the retina nor pigmentation, although peripheral CX3CR1+ and CCR2+ monocytes infiltrate the optic nerve injury site and remain present for months. Our study suggests that microglia are key regulators of peripheral monocyte infiltration and retinal pigment epithelium migration, and their depletion results in abnormal neuroglia remodeling that exacerbates neuroretinal tissue damage. This mechanism of retinal damage through neuroglia remodeling may be clinically important for the treatment of patients with ocular injuries, including surgical traumas.
Acute pancreatitis associated with massive paraesophageal hernia involving the presence of the pancreatic body and tail
Authors: Barakat Bahjat , Calculli Lucia , Pezzilli Raffaele
Published: December 2018

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the pancreas and, according to the 2013 Revised Atlanta Classification, the majority of cases have only a mild clinical course without organ dysfunction. The primary objectives in the treatment of acute pancreatitis are essentially relief of pain, electrolyte and fluid support and energy intake other than removal of the causal agent. Even if in Italy gallstones especially are the predominant etiological factor, there are also less frequent causes associated with acute pancreatitis and we believe that the case of acute pancreatitis associated with massive incarcerated paraesophageal hernia involving the presence of the body and tail of the pancreas in the thorax is worth reporting.
PERCHÃ‰ Ãˆ COSÃŒ DIFFICILE PER LA SCIENZA AFFRONTARE IL TEMA DELLA COSCIENZA E DEI SUOI RAPPORTI COL CERVELLO?
Authors: Ceroni Mauro
Published: December 2018

It is evident to everyone, even to non-professionals, that human consciousness raises a major problem in Science and therefore in Neuroscience. So much so that today we try in every way to eliminate consciousness as pure epiphenomenon or to completely reduce it to the brain. The article specifies first the scientific method and discusses the possible limits of applicability to the field of consciousness. Then tries to show the elusive nature every definition of human consciousness has. Finally, it recalls a quote from the monumental work of Prof. Savoldi on â€œLa Coscienzaâ€, a fundamental passage that clarifies beyond ambiguity, with the help of Pascal, the only cognitive modality (comprehension) that allows one to approach the conscience and which can not be the experimental method.
DISCUSSIONE FINALE
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: December 2018

Non disponibile.
Uniform bounds for the number of rational points on hyperelliptic curves of small Mordell–Weil rank
Authors: Stoll Michael
Published: December 2018

We show that there is a bound depending only on

g, r

and [

K : \mathbb Q

] for the number of

K

-rational points on a hyperelliptic curve

C

of genus

g

over a number field

K

such that the Mordell–Weil rank

r

of its Jacobian is at most

g–3

. If

K = \mathbb Q

, an explicit bound is

8rg + 33(g–1) + 1

.

The proof is based on Chabauty’s method; the new ingredient is an estimate for the number of zeros of an abelian logarithm on a

p

-adic ‘annulus’ on the curve, which generalizes the standard bound on disks. The key observation is that for a

p

-adic field

k

, the set of

k

-points on

C

can be covered by a collection of disks and annuli whose number is bounded in terms of

g

(and

k

).

We also show, strengthening a recent result by Poonen and the author, that the lower density of hyperelliptic curves of odd degree over

\mathbb Q

whose only rational point is the point at infinity tends to 1 uniformly over families defined by congruence conditions, as the genus

g

tends to infinity.
On flows generated by vector fields with compact support
Authors: Kneuss Olivier , Neves Wladimir
Published: December 2018

We are concerned with the theory of the existence and uniqueness of flows generated by divergence free vector fields with compact support. Hence, assuming that the velocity vector fields are measurable, bounded, and the flows in the Euclidean space are measure preserving, we show two counterexamples of uniqueness/existence of such flows. First we consider the autonomous case in dimension 3 and then the non-autonomous one in dimension 2.
Genetic Markers of Benzimidazole Resistance among Human Hookworms (Necator americanus) in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Orr Ambrose R. , Quagraine Josephine E. , Suwondo Peter , George Santosh , Harrison Lisa M. , Dornas Fabio Pio , Evans Benjamin , Caccone Adalgisa , Humphries Debbie , Wilson Michael D. , Cappello Michael
Published: December 2018

Hookworm infection causes anemia, malnutrition, and growth delay, especially in children living in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization recommends periodic mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelminthics to school-age children (SAC) as a means of reducing morbidity. Recently, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of MDA as a global control strategy for hookworms and other soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Genomic DNA was extracted from Necator americanus hookworm eggs isolated from SAC enrolled in a cross-sectional study of STH epidemiology and deworming response in Kintampo North Municipality, Ghana. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was then used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with benzimidazole resistance within the N. americanus β-tubulin gene. Both F167Y and F200Y resistance–associated SNPs were detected in hookworm samples from infected study subjects. Furthermore, the ratios of resistant to wild-type SNP at these two loci were increased in posttreatment samples from subjects who were not cured by albendazole, suggesting that deworming drug exposure may enrich resistance-associated mutations. A previously unreported association between F200Y and a third resistance-associated SNP, E198A, was identified by sequencing of F200Y amplicons. These data confirm that markers of benzimidazole resistance are circulating among hookworms in central Ghana, with unknown potential to impact the effectiveness and sustainability of chemotherapeutic approaches to disease transmission and control.
Produtividade de minicepas de três espécies florestais em diferentes tamanhos de tubetes
Authors: Freitas Teresa Aparecida Soares de , Souza Sandra Selma Marques de , Santos Lucas Barbosa dos , Mendonça Andrea Vita Reis
Published: December 2018

Avaliou-se a produtividade e sobrevivência de minicepas de Poincianella pyramidalis, Senegalia bahiensis e Enterolobium contortisiliquum em diferentes tamanhos de tubetes. Foram implantados em minijardim multiclonal, conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), contendo três tratamentos (tubetes de 50, 180, 280 cm³), considerando os experimentos de 1 a 3, P. pyramidalis S. bahiensis e E. contortisiliquum, respectivamente. As variáveis analisadas foram sobrevivência das minicepas após sucessivas coletas, número de brotações por minicepa a cada 15 dias e número de miniestacas por minicepa após sucessivas coletas. Realizou-se análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para os dados que apresentaram normalidade. Observou-se alta sobrevivência das minicepas para as três espécies, após sucessivas coletas de miniestacas, indicando assim potencial para uso da técnica de miniestaquia. Foi também observado que o uso de tubetes de volumes reduzidos pode afetar de forma negativa a produtividade de brotações e consequentemente o número de miniestacas por minicepa
Implicações da investigação matemática no espaço educacional com a inserção das tecnologias digitais
Authors: Brum Aline De Lima , Pereira Elaine Corrêa
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo conhecer o potencial pedagógico das tecnologias digitais para o desenvolvimento da investigação matemática. Apresentamos as contribuições teóricas de Ponte, Brocardo e Oliveira (2016), Moran e Behrens (2013) e Imbernón (2011). O presente estudo de abordagem qualitativa relata os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado com uma turma de nono ano, do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola da rede pública, no período de março a dezembro de 2016. Nesse sentido, desenvolvemos práticas pedagógicas com a inserção de smartphones, o site de rede social Facebook, o aplicativo WhatsApp e o software GeoGebra nas aulas de Matemática. Adotamos para a análise dos dados o método da Análise Textual Discursiva, proposta por Moraes e Galiazzi (2011). A partir desse processo, foram elaborados três metatextos, dos quais abordaremos – Tecnologia e Matemática: um novo olhar para a Matemática que transcende os muros da escola. Dessa maneira, os avanços e potencialidades percebidas nesse estudo mostraram que as tecnologias digitais proporcionaram interações nos espaços de aprendizagem presencial e digital, ampliando as possibilidades de construção do conhecimento matemático, suscitando implicações para a prática pedagógica e novos olhares para a investigação Matemática dentro e fora da sala de aula.
Aspectos: o problema na matemática escolar e o dilema como acontecimento
Authors: Osorio Carolina Tamayo , Mendes Jackeline Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

Este texto, organizado através de uma cena ficcional, desenvolve-se a partir de seis Atos.  A cena foi construída a partir de vozes espectrais, no sentido de Jacques Derrida, as quais são produzidas a partir de duas pesquisas doutorais ocorridas em temporalidades distintas. A proposta na construção da cena é tecer familiaridades entre efeitos sentido em torno do problema e do dilema, com base em uma abordagem não linear do tempo. Deste modo, procuramos percorrer diversos usos das palavras: problema e dilema. Com essas encenações, propomos desconstruir a noção de problema na Educação Matemática e reverberar usos e sentidos outros. Esse movimento propõe pensar os modos em que os dilemas são mobilizados nas práticas sociais e os seus possíveis efeitos no campo das práticas escolares, deslocando da pergunta o que é um problema? para as perguntas: Como, nas práticas sociais, se manifesta, na possibilidade do impossível, o aparecimento do acontecimento? Como dilemas acontecem? Quando resolvemos um dilema?
Ficção–Fricção: operando aberturas de ar e produzindo educação matemática de/na/com/para educação do campo
Authors: Lopes Ronilce Maira Garcia , Gondim Diego Matos
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem como escopo entranhar nos estranhamentos de uma dissertação intitulada: Histórias de uma pesquisa(dora) em uma escola do campo com professores que lecionam Matemática. Para tanto, o artigo fricciona a ficção de algumas partes da dissertação: no primeiro ato tem se quatro episódios com intervenções e no segundo ato, apresentam-se documentos sobre Educação do Campo e discute-se como a Educação Matemática tem se friccionado na/de/para/com a Educação do Campo. Desse modo, os fios puxados aqui entranham no emaranhado de uma Dissertação que encontra na ficção uma maneira de friccionar alguns acontecimentos/estranhamentos vivenciados por uma pesquisa(dora) nos territórios existenciais de vidas.
O comentário ensaístico como tradução: o exemplo de Mon cœur mis à nu, de Charles Baudelaire
Authors: De Oliveira Thiago Mattos
Published: December 2018

Ao traduzir o projeto póstumo Mon cœur mis à nu, de Charles Baudelaire, a partir dos seus muitos inacabamentos, propus um espaço de reescrita em que três traduções possíveis operam simultaneamente, cada qual colocando em cena uma dimensão específica dos seus inacabamentos: marcas matéricas do manuscrito; inexistência de uma ordenação definitiva; rede de historicidades das edições e traduções anteriores. Neste ensaio, ocupo-me especificamente do caso da (não) ordenação de Mon cœur mis à nu, procurando mostrar como a estratégia do comentário-ensaio como tradução me permitiu estabelecer uma relação com Mon cœur mis à nu que nem recorre a soluções apressadas (ordenação randômica digital, edição em folhas avulsas etc.) nem se limita a uma inviável restituição linear e cronológica dos manuscritos. Ao percorrer o texto ensaisticamente, num tipo específico de comentário que Antoine Berman chegou a esboçar teoricamente no seu também inacabado L’âge de la traduction, produz-se uma tradução possível desse texto, desenhada a partir de linhas de força que, atravessando a leitura e a escrita ensaística, talham, estilhaçam e rearranjam o original. Para diferenciar o comentário ensaístico de tradução da nota de tradutor, também é brevemente exposto o trabalho de Ana Cristina César sobre o conto Bliss, de Katherine Mansfield.
Uma carniça
Authors: Silveira Francisca Ysabelle Manríquez Reyes , Watzko Paula
Published: December 2018

Adaptação do poema "Uma carniça" de Charles Baudelaire para Histórias em Quadrinhos, traduzido e adaptada por Francisca Ysabelle SIlveira e ilustrada por Paula Watzko.
Elogio fúnebre de Théodore de Banville
Authors: Abes Gilles Jean
Published: December 2018

Trata-se da tradução do Elogio fúnebre que Théodore de Banville proferiu no enterro de Baudelaire, publicado no jornal L'Étendard, na quarta-feira, dia 4 de setembro de 1867, p. 3. Banville destaca notadamente a novidade e o lugar da poesia do autor das Flores do mal no século XIX, sobretudo em relação a Victor Hugo.
Amantes da beleza imperfeita
Authors: Tápia Marcelo
Published: December 2018

No panorama da recepção e da recriação, no Brasil, de Les fleurs du mal (1857), de Charles Baudelaire, a antologia organizada e traduzida por Guilherme de Almeida (1944) permanece como fonte de reflexões sobre a tradução poética e suas relações com a afinidade e a identificação entre tradutor e autor, bem como entre suas concepções acerca de poesia. O presente artigo procura demonstrar, por meio da releitura dos apontamentos do tradutor dos poemas, seu persistente potencial iluminador sobre características da célebre obra original e a tarefa do traduzir como um diálogo convergente entre poéticas e idiomas distintos.
Seasonal differences in formation processes of oxidized organic aerosol near Houston, TX
Authors: Dai Qili , Schulze Benjamin C. , Bi Xiaohui , Bui Alexander A. T. , Guo Fangzhou , Wallance Henry W. , Sanchez Nancy P. , Flynn James H. , Lefer Barry L. , Feng Yinchang , Griffin Robert J.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Submicron aerosol was measured to the southwest of Houston, Texas during winter and summer 2014 to investigate its seasonal variability. Data from a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) indicated that organic aerosol (OA) was the largest component of non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) (on average, 46 ± 13 % and 55 ± 18 % of the NR-PM1 mass loading in winter and summer, respectively). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of the OA mass spectra demonstrated that two classes of oxygenated OA (less and more-oxidized OOA, LO and MO) together dominated OA mass in summer (77 %) and accounted for 42 % of OA mass in winter. The fraction of LO-OOA (out of total OOA) is higher in summer (69 %) than in winter (44 %). Secondary aerosols (sulfate + nitrate + ammonium + OOA) accounted for ~ 76 % and 89 % of NR-PM1 mass in winter and summer, respectively, indicating NR-PM1 mass was driven mostly by secondary aerosol formation regardless of the season. The mass loadings and diurnal patterns of these secondary aerosols show a clear winter/summer contrast. Organic nitrate (ON) concentrations were estimated using the NOx+ ratio method, with an average contribution of ~ 15 % and 37 % to OA during winter and summer campaign, respectively. The estimated ON in summer strongly correlated with LO-OOA (r = 0.73) and was enhanced at nighttime. The relative importance of aqueous-phase chemistry and photochemistry in processing OOA was investigated by examining the relationship of aerosol liquid water content (LWC) and the sum of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (Ox = O3 + NO2) with LO-OOA and MO-OOA. The processing mechanism of LO-OOA apparently depended on relative humidity (RH). In periods of RH  80 %, these effects were opposite that of low RH periods. Both photochemistry and aqueous-phase processing appear to facilitate MO-OOA formation except during periods of high LWC, which is likely a result of wet removal during periods of light rain. The nighttime increases of MO-OOA during winter and summer were 0.013 and 0.01 μg MO-OOA per μg of LWC, respectively. The increase of LO-OOA was larger than that for MO-OOA, with increase rates of 0.033 and 0.055 μg LO-OOA per μg of LWC at night during winter and summer, respectively. On average, the mass concentration of LO-OOA in summer was elevated by nearly 1.2 μg m−3 for a ~ 20 μg change in LWC, which is accompanied by a 40 ppb change in Ox.
Using collision-induced dissociation to constrain sensitivity of
ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry (NH4+-CIMS) to
oxygenated volatile organic compounds
Authors: Zaytsev Alexander , Breitenlechner Martin , Koss Abigail R. , Lim Christopher Y. , Rowe James C. , Kroll Jesse H. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometers (CIMS) routinely detect hundreds of oxidized organic compounds in the atmosphere. A major limitation of these instruments is the uncertainty in their sensitivity to many of the detected ions. We describe the development of a new high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer that operates in one of two ionization modes: using either ammonium ion ligand switching reactions as NH4+-CIMS or proton transfer reactions as PTR-MS. Switching between the modes can be done within two minutes. The NH4+-CIMS mode of the new instrument has sensitivities of up to 67 000 dcps ppbv−1 (duty cycle corrected ion counts per second/parts per billion by volume) and detection limits between 1 and 60 pptv at 2σ for a 1s integration time for numerous oxygenated volatile organic compounds. We present a mass spectrometric voltage scanning procedure based on collision-induced dissociation that allows us to determine the stability of ammonium-organic ions detected by the NH4+-CIMS. Using this procedure, we can effectively constrain the sensitivity of the ammonia chemical ionization mass-spectrometer to a wide range of detected oxidized volatile organic compounds for which no calibration standards exist. We demonstrate the application of this procedure by quantifying the composition of secondary organic aerosols in a series of laboratory experiments.
Script Training Using Telepractice with Two Adults With Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
Authors: Rhodes Naomi C. , Isaki Emi
Published: December 2018

Two male participants with chronic (> 2 years), non-fluent aphasia and their family members participated in script training using videoconferencing.  Functional scripts were developed by people with aphasia (PWA) and their family members. Accuracy of scripts was measured by total target words produced per turn.  Participant 1 with Broca’s aphasia produced scripts with 0% accuracy pre-treatment and 87.5% accuracy post-treatment. Participant 2 with Transcortical Motor aphasia produced scripts with 20.2% accuracy pre-treatment and 63.5% accuracy post-treatment.  Pre- and post-questionnaires for communication effectiveness and the use of telepractice for speech therapy indicated improvements in answering yes/no questions, participating in conversations with strangers, and increasing confidence and satisfaction with technology delivered treatment.  The use of videoconferencing to deliver script training appears beneficial for individuals with chronic aphasia.
METODOLOGIAS PARA INCORPORAR EL DIALOGO DE SABERES EN LA FORMACIÓN SUPERIOR DE DOCENTES DE PUEBLOS INDIGENAS
Authors: Sota Ingrid Guzmán
Published: December 2018

RESUMOO presente artigo discute possibilidades de metodologias interessadas em, por meio do diálogo intercultural, incorporar ossaberes ancestrais dos povos originários nos cursos de formaçãosuperior de professores indígenas, visto que essa é uma antigademanda dos povos indígenas da América Latina. A incorporaçãodesses saberes ancestrais garante a permanência de uma diversidadecultural que permite a adoção de uma pedagogia intercultural, o quecontribui para a formação de docentes indígenas que efetivamenteproduzem ações que perpetuam esses saberes e inovam nasmetodologias de ensino das escolas indígenas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Saberes ancestrais. Metodologias de ensino. Formaçãosuperior indígena.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO BRASIL – ALGUNS FATORES DE DESCONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Moreira Carolina Joly , Bispo Marcileia Oliveira
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho busca apontar, através de revisão bibliográfica, o atual descolamento entre as prerrogativas legais que envolvem a Educação Ambiental em âmbito formal, e algumas práticas cotidianas da sociedade brasileira, resultando, paradoxalmente, em aumento da degradação ambiental em diversos aspectos, tanto no meio urbano como no meio rural. A título de motivações que podem estar contribuindo para que haja essa divergência, apontamos quatro fatores de influência: a dificuldade das famílias em mudar hábitos, as práticas antipedagógicas governamentais, os conflitos epistemológicos na elaboração de políticas públicas e o tratamento dado ao tema nas licenciaturas e no ensino superior, de maneira geral. Como conclusão, ressaltamos o entendimento de que, apesar das dificuldades apontadas, ainda está nas políticas públicas o poder de transformação, mas é preciso haver respaldo e participação efetiva em cada sala de aula do país.
A Review of Interpreting Teaching Research in China Based on CiteSpace (2008-2018)
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhang Jinjin
Published: December 2018

After thirty years of development, the teaching of interpreting in China has achieved a moderate scale giving the credit to the growing demand for interpreting talents, as well as the spread of interpreting teaching among universities. This study reviewed the papers on interpreting teaching research published for the past decade in China covered by Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) of foreign languages and education studies, explored the quantity of publications, source journals, authors, institutions and research hotspots by CiteSpace, depicted the mapping knowledge domain and analyzed the problems of the current research. Through bibliometric analysis, it is found that (1) High-level interpreting teaching research papers are produced in limited quantities; (2) Interpreting teaching research in China has not yet formed an independent research field; (3) The traits of interpreting discipline are not obvious enough; (4) The cross-sectional research and the longitudinal study have not been widely concerned; (5) The research on the backwash effect of interpreting tests are few; (6) The research on interpreting teaching at universities of applied sciences are limited. Based on the research findings, reference for further study of interpreting teaching would be provided.
Explaining the Evolution of Passenger Vehicle Miles Traveled in the United States
Authors: Leard Benjamin , Linn Joshua , Munnings Clayton
Published: December 2018

After growing steadily for several decades, passenger vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the United States unexpectedly leveled off in the 2000s. The growth rate of VMT has since rebounded, and determining the factors that explain these developments has implications for future U.S. oil consumption and vehicle pollution. We show that changes in the demographics and economic characteristics of households in the United States, rather than in driving habits, explain most of the recent dynamics. This suggests that over the next decade, VMT in the United States will continue to grow roughly at historical rates, causing substantially higher oil consumption and pollution than if persistent changes in driving habits explained the recent changes in VMT. The projected VMT growth will raise the cost of meeting energy security, climate, and local air quality objectives.
O inteligentnym wzroście gospodarczym, bez szczegółów
Authors: Kuciński Kazimierz
Published: December 2018

Ralf Fücks, Zielona rewolucja, Instytut Wydawniczy „Książka i Prasa”
Warszawa 2016, s. 408.
Zielona rewolucja Ralfa Fücksa skłania
do refleksji nad pożądanymi współcześnie
kierunkami rozwoju gospodarki i kształtowaniem
uprawiającego ją oraz korzystającego
z jej owoców społeczeństwa. Autor
zdaje się sugerować, że dominująca ciągle
konwencja myślenia o gospodarce ukierunkowująca
ją na wzrost, a przedsiębiorstwa
na zysk i wartości ekonomiczne jest
niewłaściwa, bo istotniejsze od korzyści
materialnych są potrzeby duchowe, a być
jest ważniejsze niż mieć. Jest to jednak
wrażenie pozorne i pozostające w sprzeczności
z przesłaniem tej książki.
Rasa jako kategoria waloryzująca i estetyczna (na przykładzie opisu postaci)
Authors: Budrewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2018

The article discusses the concept of race, which was used in the Polish novel in the
years 1870–1930. At that time, the concept became very popular in the language of
the intelligentsia. The analysis showed the existence of three types of categorization of race:
a) ethnic (it included the semantics of the past, space, tribalism, heredity; it positively
valorized OUR MEN and negatively STRANGERS),
b) socio-cultural (categories of heredity, family, kinship, sphere, custom, tradition, it was
responsible for solidifying SOCIAL HIERARCHY),
c) aesthetic (the category of race in the character description concerned the face, arms
and legs; the racial parts of the body positively valorized the character; aestheticism was
based on frequent comparisons to the sculpture, the ideal of BEAUTY became the Hellenic
type.
„Polscy Aryjczycy”. Pomiędzy naukowymi podstawami mitu a mitycznymi korzeniami nauki w dyskursie słowiańskim XIX wieku
Authors: Taperek Marta
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to reflection on the role of the Aryan discourse in the research of Slavophiles of the 19th century. Traditional studies on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs conducted by historians on the basis of ancient “scraps” and incomplete sources did not give the answer that would satisfy the political ambitions of the Poles. The inclusion of ethnographic and linguistic methods into the Slavic studies helped create the narrative in which the journey, made by the early Slavs from the Land of Aryans, became a full history of the people’s origin. The conviction about the Indo-Iranian origin of the Slavs shaped the mythical thinking and attempts to create a story legitimizing the right to self-determination and the historical significance of this group. The belief in ancient Aryan heritage considerably changed political orientation and the pursuit of a new identity – free of inferiority complex with respect to the West and ready to dictate its own conditions. Discussing the issues related to race and racial differences between particular peoples, including the ones belonging to the Slavic family, showed the authors’ political views and the future of the nation they envisaged. It also deepened the split within the Slavic studies. The sources available and studied by the Slavic history researchers did not provide clear answers to the question whether the Slavs are direct descendants of the Aryans, therefore the research and texts that are examined in the article have creational and commentary nature and serve the function of creating narratives shaping the community. The aim of this approach will be to reflect on how scientific discourse creates the foundations for identity myths.
Adam Schaff – droga do komunizmu (1913–1939)
Authors: Kuryła Mateusz
Published: December 2018

The article describes the youth and adolescence of Adam Schaff in the years 1913–1939. Taking into account the context of Polish-Jewish relations during the former Austrian Partition, the author presents Schaff’s growing up in the interwar Lviv and his gradual involvement in the communist movement, which led him to become a member of the youth wing of the Communist Party of Poland and the party itself, and his several-month imprisonment in 1937. In addition to the factual reconstruction of the Polish philosopher’s life, the article aims to answer the question: what were the main motives that made Adam Schaff a communist? This question can be considered in at least two ways – as an individual choice of Schaff himself, but also as a case study of the entire generation of Polish-Jewish communists described, for example, by Jaff Schatz.
The pig as an animal model in biomedical research: A review
Authors: Dzięgiel Natalia , Szczurek Paulina , Jura Jacek , Pieszka Marek
Published: December 2018

The advances in translational biomedical research, especially in genetic engineering, created new opportunities to trace the courses of human diseases and develop effective therapeutic methods. There remains, however, a growing demand for appropriate animal models for the precise evaluation of the efficacy and safety of new drugs or therapeutic concepts. Thus far, rodent models have been most widely used in translational research; however, since they do not perfectly reflect the human disease phenotype, transgenic pigs are increasingly being utilized as animal models. Thanks to the anatomical and physiological similarities between pigs and humans, swine are considered to be one of the most valuable animal models used in preclinical studies, including nutritional, metabolic and cardiovascular research. The resemblances involve the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urinary, respiratory, skeletal muscle and immune systems, as wells as body size, body composition and the omnivorous food choice. In addition, pigs are characterized by high fertility and fecundity, as well as the ease of use and low maintenance costs. Importantly, the existing efficient genetic engineering techniques enable relatively easy generation of tailored porcine models of human disease. One should be aware, however, of some physiological differences between humans and pigs to correctly interpret induced toxicological changes. The article provides an overview of current techniques for genetic modification of pigs, as well as the use of swine models in translational research exemplified by xenotransplantation, metabolic and coronary heart disease, and the gastrointestinal motility studies.
Quality of Life and its role for guiding practices in the social and educational services from a systems perspective
Authors: Amor Antonio M. , Verdugo Miguel A.
Published: December 2018

The Quality of Life model has been established as a critical framework in the field of intel¬lectual disability on different levels. From a system-perspective, this model has had a huge impact on the ways that the supports are planned and provided and on the way that the organizations have changed. This concept also offers a comprehensive framework for the public policy development and evaluation. In this article we present an updated overview of the Quality of Life model, the evidence on its structure and its role for guiding practices in the social and educational services from a systems perspective, as well as its impact on the development of evidence-based practices in the field of intellectual disability. The main challenges towards the implementation of this model within schools are discussed and directions for further research and practice are presented.
From the Chair
Authors: Pritchett Hallie
Published: December 2018

Although I have worked in libraries since I was in high school (which was much longer ago than I care to admit), I did not become a librarian until 2007. Why I chose to wait so long before going to library school is a story for another time. But there are some advantages to working as a student employee and then as a full-time paraprofessional in a large academic library—in my case, the University of Minnesota Libraries—before going to library school. One is that over the years I have done just about everything there is to do in a library. I have shelved books, worked in circulation, answered reference questions, done collection development, worked in technical services, shifted collections, done preservation work . . . the list goes on. As first a branch manager and now as a library administrator, the depth and breadth of my work experience in libraries has been invaluable; my work as a paraprofessional in particular has had a profound impact on how I approach librarianship in general.
La materia viva: oro, alquimia y sanación en Elena del Rivero and Joseph Beuys = Live Matter: Gold, Alchemy and Healing in Elena del Rivero y Joseph Beuys
Authors: Angoso de Guzmán Diana
Published: December 2018

Esta investigación revisa los conceptos dispuestos hasta ahora en torno a la alquimia y a la magia centrándose en dos fuentes primarias del arte contemporáneo —las obras y los artistas— a la vez que se abre al método transdisciplinar para integrar teorías emergentes en el ámbito de los Nuevos Materialismos. Tomando como modelo de estudio un artista clave de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, Joseph Beuys, y una artista contemporánea, Elena del Rivero, se diseccionan las cualidades de la materia viva para analizar el proceso de sanación. A través de la alquimia y la magia, se reconoce el carácter performativo y fluido de los materiales, poniendo el foco en los materiales-en-movimiento y la capacidad agencial del material mientras se transforma en una fuerza curativa. Así, las obras de Joseph Beuys y Elena del Rivero ejemplifican las propiedades materiales del oro y sus potencialidades en la sanación, tanto espiritual como material. This study revises key concepts arranged around alchemy and magic in contemporary art focusing on two primary sources –artworks and artists- as it opens up to a cross-sectorial method which embraces emerging theories in the field of New Materialism. Taking Joseph Beuys and Elena del Rivero’s artworks as case studies, the healing process is analyzed dissecting the particular qualities of vibrant matter. Through magic and alchemy, the perfomative and fluid character of materials is acknowledged, as well as their agentic nature and the manner in which materials-in-movement are transformed into healing forces. Beuys and del Rivero’s artworks exemplify the material properties of gold and its healing potentialities, both spiritual and material.
Discontinuation of Cholinesterase Inhibitors Following Initiation of Memantine and Admission to Long-Term Care Among Older Adults
Authors: Lee Yu-Chien , Shi Sandra M. , Sison Stephanie M. , Park Chan Mi , Oh Gahee , Jeong Sohyun , McCarthy Ellen P. , Kim Dae Hyun
Published: November 2024

Importance

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitors when initiating memantine in patients with dementia may be reasonable to reduce treatment burden, costs, and the risk of adverse drug events.

Objective

To assess the association of cholinesterase inhibitor discontinuation on long-term care institutionalization among older adults with dementia who initiate memantine.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study used Medicare claims data from January 2014 to December 2019. Participants included fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with dementia. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to August 2024.

Exposures

Discontinuation vs continuation of cholinesterase inhibitor.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was 1-year long-term care institutionalization-free days. Secondary outcomes include all-cause death and adverse drug events over 1 year. We performed subgroup analyses based on age, sex, dementia type (Alzheimer disease vs other), frailty, and dementia severity (mild vs moderate or severe) based on claims-based algorithms. The primary outcome was analyzed using nonparametric restricted mean survival time analysis.

Results

Among 16 292 beneficiaries who initiated memantine, 1820 (11.2%) discontinued cholinesterase inhibitors. In the propensity score-matched cohort of 3612 beneficiaries, the mean (SD) age was 80.7 (6.7) years, 2261 (62.6%) were female, and 1989 (55.0%) had a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Over 1 year, long-term care institutionalization occurred in 51 of 1806 beneficiaries (2.8%) who discontinued cholinesterase inhibitors (3.4 per 100 person-years) and 62 of 1806 beneficiaries (3.4%) who continued (4.1 per 100 person-years). There was no statistically significant difference in the 1-year mean institutionalization-free days between discontinuation and continuation groups (360.6 [95% CI, 359.3 to 362.0] days vs 359.1 [95% CI, 357.5 to 360.6] days; mean difference, 1.5 [95% CI,−0.5 to 3.6] days). The mean difference in the long-term care institutionalization-free days did not differ by age category, sex, dementia type, frailty, or dementia stage. Individuals who discontinued had a lower rate of fall-related injury (0.9 vs 2.0 per 100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.47 [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.88]). There was no difference between the discontinuation and continuation groups in all-cause death (10.4 vs 11.6 per 100 person-years; HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.72 to 1.10]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitors upon memantine initiation was not associated with an increased risk of long-term care institutionalization but with a lower risk of fall-related injury among older adults with dementia. These findings offer valuable insights for clinicians aiming to reduce treatment burden in this population.
Response Trajectories and Temporal Trends of Viloxazine Treatment for Young People With ADHD
Authors: Yu Chia-Ling , Kao Yu-Chen , Thompson Trevor , Stubbs Brendon , Tseng Ping-Tao , Hsu Chih-Wei , Yang Fu-Chi , Tu Yu-Kang , Hsu Tien-Wei , Liang Chih-Sung
Published: November 2024

Importance

Viloxazine is a novel nonstimulant medication approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objectives

To investigate the whether viloxazine is associated with effective and acceptable outcomes when treating children and adolescents with ADHD and to evaluate these outcomes’ associations with viloxazine doses and duration of treatment.

Data Sources

The MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were searched from database inception to June 23, 2024.

Study Selection

Two reviewers independently screened for double-blind, fixed-dose randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared viloxazine with placebo for pediatric patients with ADHD.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Data extraction was completed independently by 2 authors and cross-checked for errors. Random-effects pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses were conducted.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the improvement of ADHD symptoms (measured by ADHD Rating Scale–5), and the secondary outcomes were all-cause discontinuation, dropout due to adverse effects, and serious adverse effects.

Results

A total of 5 dose-response RCTs were included, with 1560 participants (1011 [64.8%] male; mean [SD] age, 10.6 [6.7] years). Viloxazine was associated with better outcomes in ADHD treatment compared with placebo (mean difference, 5.47 points; 95% CI, 4.03-6.91 points). The dose-response curve was bell-shaped, suggesting that doses greater than 400 mg or greater than 7 mg/kg might not be associated with more efficacy. The temporal trends analysis showed ascent curves tapering off at approximately weeks 4 to 6. The curve for 100 mg/d declined more rapidly, while the curves for 200 mg/d and 400 mg/d declined more gradually. The overall discontinuation rate due to adverse effects was 4.15% in the viloxazine group (45 of 1084), while viloxazine compared with placebo was associated with 2.48-fold higher risk of discontinuation due to adverse effects (risk ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.26-4.88).

Conclusions and relevance

In this meta-analysis, viloxazine was associated with better efficacy in treating children and adolescents with ADHD than placebo. A moderate dose (200-400 mg or 6-8 mg/kg) may provide optimal treatment outcomes. Future studies are warranted to assess the long-term effect of viloxazine. Viloxazine was relatively well tolerated for children and adolescents with ADHD.
Aqu‐Thermoplastics: Recycling Plastics with Water
Authors: Yin Chunchun , Wang Yirong , Wang Jinfeng , You Jingxuan , Wang Xi , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jinming
Published: November 2024

Recycling of real waste plastics with diverse composition is extremely difficult. Herein, an eco‐friendly and easy‐to‐operate strategy is demonstrated to facilitate the recycling of plastic composites and mixtures by using only water. An aqu‐thermoplastic bioplastic (CPp‐TA) is constructed with switchable water solubility and excellent thermoplastic property from natural cellulose. CPp‐TA consisted of the cellulose main chain (C) and two functional groups, internal‐plasticizing group (Pp) and switchable group (TA). It not only has outstanding thermo‐plastic formability, water resistance, and mechanical property to satisfy the daily needs, but also can be easily recycled with water by switching to the water‐soluble state. CPp‐TA can processed into various high‐performance plastic parts, fibers, heat‐sealing packaging, transparent cups, paper‐plastic composites, and aluminum‐plastic composites by conventional thermoplastic processing methods. The obtained CPp‐TA/Al/paper composite exhibits better barrier performance than the famous Tetra Pak with a complex recycling process, and can be easily separated into CPp‐TA, Al foil, and paper by using basic aqueous solution to trigger the water solubility of CPp‐TA. Similarly, CPp‐TA can be effectively separated from plastic mixtures. The recovery yield achieves to 100%. The revolutionary aqu‐thermoplastic materials and water‐recycling strategy markedly reduce the recycling difficulty of intricate plastics and promote the sustainable development.
High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 3D Globally Aromatic Carboranyl Solid Additive
Authors: Wang Hanqiang , Zhong Zhicheng , Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Lee Jin‐Woo , Li Bolin , Xu Changjing , Yang Jie , Sun Huiliang , Kim Bumjoon J. , Liu Bin , Guo Xugang
Published: November 2024

A key factor in optimizing organic solar cells (OSCs) is the precise control of blend film morphology to enhance exciton dissociation and charge transport. Solid additives play a vital role in this process, with 3D polyhedral or spherical molecules being ideal candidates due to their delocalized π‐orbitals and omnidirectional charge transport. However, the application of classical fullerene derivatives as spherical additives is limited by their synthetic complicacy and poor solubility. Herein, the potential of 3D globally aromatic carboranyl cages as solid additives, specifically 1‐amino‐o‐carborane (CB‐NH2) and 1‐carboxy‐o‐carborane (CB‐COOH), is explored to fine‐tune the film morphology and improve the performance of OSCs. These spherical molecules provide an extensive surface for hydrogen bonding interactions, which serve as the driving force for manipulating the vertical phase separation and active layer crystallinity. Remarkably, CB‐NH2‐processed devices with well‐tuned morphology yield a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.48%, highlighting the effectiveness of 3D carboranyl additives on improving OSC performance. This work challenges the reliance on fullerene derivatives as spherical additives and offers new insights into the mechanisms by which 3D globally aromatic additives can achieve high performance in OSCs, emphasizing the significance of molecular engineering in the development of next‐generation solar cell technology.
Natural Extracellular Matrix Scaffold‐Based Hydrogel Corneal Patch with Temperature and Light‐Responsiveness for Penetrating Keratoplasty and Sutureless Stromal Defect Repair
Authors: Zhao Long , Shi Zhen , Wang Jingting , Dou Shengqian , Sun Xiuli , Yang Shang , Wang Hongwei , Zhou Qingjun , Wang Ting , Shi Weiyun
Published: November 2024

Corneal transplantation remains the gold standard for treating corneal blindness; however, it is hampered globally by donor shortages and the complexity of suture‐dependent procedures. Tissue‐engineered corneas have demonstrated potential as corneal equivalents. Nevertheless, the development of adhesive corneal patches and full‐thickness corneal substitutes remains challenging. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel corneal patch (MHCP) is constructed by integrating a dual‐crosslinked hybrid hydrogel with temperature and light responsiveness with a natural extracellular matrix scaffold. When applied to the ocular surface, MHCP spontaneously releases adhesives at body temperature and forms a stable adhesion with the recipient cornea through photocuring. In addition to its inherent mechanical, optical, and ultrastructural characteristics, which are similar to those of the natural stroma, MHCP demonstrates excellent suture resistance, anti‐swelling, and anti‐degradation properties after curing. MHCP promotes the proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells in vitro and maintains the phenotype of corneal stromal cells. In vivo, MHCP maintains graft hydration and restores corneal structural integrity and transparency during penetrating keratoplasty of various sizes and sutureless lamellar keratoplasty. Collectively, given the advantages of native stroma‐like characteristics, operation‐facilitating multiple functions, and convenient preparation, MHCP is a promising corneal substitute for clinical applications.
Simultaneous Fabrication of P and M Helices in One‐Component Chiral System by Methanol‐Water Mediated Dual Assembly Pathway
Authors: Gao Laiben , Yang Kaikai , Xing Chao , Lin Biyan , Zhao Changli , Dou Xiaoqiu , Feng Chuanliang
Published: November 2024

The synergetic evolution of multiple chiral structures stemmed from same building units is ubiquitous in nature and vital to living systems, but achieving it in artificial systems remains a challenge. Herein, we report a methanol‐water mediated dual assembly pathway strategy for simultaneous construction of P and M helices in one‐component chiral system. The conformation of l‐phenylaniline derivates (LBpyF) is controlled to folded state in CH3OH due to the hydrogen bonds as well as C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between LBpyF and CH3OH. Addition of H2O into above CH3OH solution of LBpyF results in the simultaneous occurrence of two self‐assembly pathways and double networks of P and M helices were therefore formed, due to the synchronous process of 1) self‐assembly of folded LBpyF into M‐helices and 2) H2O induced unfolding of folded LBpyF molecules followed by self‐assembly of them into P‐helices. The bipyridine core, phenyl ring, amide unit all adapted into different stacking modes in M‐helices and P‐helices, and energy analysis indicated that the minority M‐helices were more thermodynamically favored products. This study provides an approach to explore synergetic evolution of multiple chiral structures by manipulating the multiple assembly pathway.