bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of COVID‐19 stressors and family life on anxiety and depression one‐year into the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Crandall AliceAnn , Daines Chantel , Hanson Carl L. , Barnes Michael D.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Coronavirus (COVID‐19)‐related stressors and family health on adult anxiety and depressive symptoms 1 year into the pandemic. The sample consisted of 442 adults living in the United States who were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results indicated that compared to a sample 1 month into the pandemic, participants in the current sample reported worse family health and increases in both positive and negative perceptions of the pandemic on family life and routines. COVID‐19 stressors and perceived negative effects of the pandemic on family life increased the odds for moderate‐to‐severe depression and anxiety while having more family health resources decreased the odds for depression and anxiety symptoms. Participants reported lower odds for worse depression and anxiety since the beginning of the pandemic when they reported more positive family meaning due to the pandemic. The results suggest a need to consider the impact of family life on mental health in pandemics and other disasters.
First‐principles study of the thermal properties of Zr2C and Zr2CO
Authors: Zhou Yue , Fahrenholtz William G. , Graham Joseph , Hilmas Gregory E.
Published: March 2022

First‐principles calculations of lattice thermal conductivities and thermodynamic properties of Zr2C and Zr2CO were performed using the quasi‐harmonic approximation. Oxygen in the lattice gives Zr2CO higher bonding strength than Zr2C. Thus, the mechanical properties of Zr2C are enhanced when the vacancies in its crystal structure are filled with oxygen. Among the critical parameters that determine the lattice thermal conductivity, Zr2C has significantly higher Grüneisen parameters, thus Zr2C has lower lattice thermal conductivity than Zr2CO. In addition, Zr2CO has a higher heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient than Zr2C at most temperatures. These results indicate that the addition of oxygen has increased the stiffness and thermal conductivity of zirconium carbide that contains a large fraction of carbon vacancies due to the filling of vacancies in the Zr2C lattice and the formation of Zr–O bonds.
Acute aspiration pneumonia in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with marmoset duodenal dilation syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kwak Jina , Kim Jong‐Min , Woo Chang Gok , Kim Joo‐Il , Ryu Soo‐Kyung , Kang Byeong‐Cheol
Published: March 2022

A female common marmoset (Callithrix jachhus) suffered from weight loss exhibited tachypnea after anesthesia. We diagnosed marmoset duodenal dilation syndrome (MDDS) and aspiration pneumonia after post‐anesthesia vomiting secondary to MDDS. If MDDS is suspected due to clinical symptoms such as weight loss, bloating, or vomiting, careful anesthesia and treatment of vomiting will be important to prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Inhibition effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the growth and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Wang H. , Zou H. , Wang Y. , Jin J. , Wang H. , Zhou M.
Published: March 2022

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common marine foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis. With the long-term use of antibiotics, many bacteria become resistant; therefore, developing antibiotic-free antimicrobial strategies is urgent. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a constituent of polyphenols present abundantly in tea extract, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and is non-toxic. Here, we take advantage of these properties of EGCG to evaluate its inhibition effect on the growth and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus 17802, and explore its antibacterial mechanism. It was found that EGCG showed antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus 17802, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was estimated to be 128 μg ml−1. Results of crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) evidenced that EGCG hindered its biofilm formation. Moreover, the swimming motility and extracellular polysaccharides were also notably inhibited. The antibacterial mechanism was further confirmed by several assays, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and live/dead staining assay, together with membrane permeability assay, which all suggested that EGCG caused damage to cell membrane and made it lose integrity, eventually resulting in the death of V. parahaemolyticus 17802. The bactericidal activity of EGCG verified its potential as a promising candidate to combat foodborne pathogen.
Depresión y ansiedad en hombres y mujeres por tipo y nivel de violencia que han recibido de su pareja
Authors: Betancourt Ocampo Diana , Andrade Palos Patricia , González González Alejandro
Published: March 2022

Se analizaron las diferencias en sintomatología depresiva y ansiedad según el tipo y nivel de violencia recibida en hombres y mujeres. Participaron 2 271 adultos (56.3 % mujeres y 43.7 % hombres), con un promedio de edad de 37.7 años (DE = 6.85). La violencia de pareja se evaluó con la versión corta de las escalas revisadas de Tácticas de Conflicto, las cuales mostraron un buen ajuste e índices de confiablidad aceptables (a = 0.85 para violencia recibida y a = 0.75 para violencia perpetrada). Los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron con el Cuestionario sobre la Salud del Paciente (a = 0.89) y la ansiedad se midió con la escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (a = 0.82). Se realizaron análisis de varianza para determinar las diferencias en la sintomatología depresiva y ansiedad por tipo y nivel de violencia. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en todos los tipos de violencia recibida, tanto para los hombres como para las mujeres, donde los participantes que no presentaron violencia mostraron una menor sintomatología depresiva y menos ansiedad, respecto a los participantes que presentaron violencia menor y severa. Es necesario profundizar en la violencia que reciben tanto hombres como mujeres y su impacto en la salud mental.
Quorum-Sensing Master Regulator VfmE Is a c-di-GMP Effector That Controls Pectate Lyase Production in the Phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii
Authors: Banerjee Biswarup , Zeng Quan , Yu Manda , Hsueh Brian Y. , Waters Christopher M. , Yang Ching-Hong
Published: March 2022

How bacteria integrate environmental cues from multiple sources to appropriately regulate adaptive phenotypes is a central question in microbiology. In
Dickeya dadantii
, the quorum-sensing regulator VfmE controls the key virulence factor pectate lyase (Pel).
Modulating DNA Repair Pathways to Diversify Genomic Alterations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lin Yuping , Dai Zongjie , Wang Qinhong
Published: March 2022

Most of the published papers about nuclease-assisted genome editing focused on precision engineering in human cells. However, the topic of inducing mutagenesis via error-prone repair has often been ignored in yeast.
Identification of Panax Notoginseng Powder in Different Parts Based on the Electronic Nose and Time-Domain Feature Extraction
Authors: Lin Yuhao , Zhang Fujie , Li Lixia , Shi Lei , Zhu Yinlong , Wang Jun
Published: March 2022

To realize the non-destructive identification of Panax notoginseng powder in different parts, this research proposes a non-destructive identification method based on the electronic nose and time-domain feature extraction. First, the electronic nose technology combined with statistical analysis method was used to collect and extract nine time-domain characteristics of the response information of Panax notoginseng whole root powder, tap root powder, rhizome powder, and fibrous powder, including the data at 110 s, the mean value between 101–120 s, the maximum value, minimum value, integral value, differential value, skewness factor, kurtosis factor, and standard deviation between 0–120 s. Next, three classical feature selection method was used to reduce the data dimension. Subsequently, the classification models of support vector machine (SVM), least-square support vector machine (LSSVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were established based on original data, multi-feature data, and feature selection data. Finally, the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms were introduced to optimize the parameters of the classification model. The results show that the GWO-CARS-LSSVM achieved the best modeling effect, and the classification accuracy on the test set was 97.92%. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for rapid identification of adulteration of Panax notoginseng powder.
Review—Single-Atom Catalysts as Promising Candidates for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Tajik Somayeh , Dourandish Zahra , Garkani Nejad Fariba , Beitollahi Hadi , Afshar Abbas Aghaei , Jahani Peyman Mohammadzadeh , Di Bartolomeo Antonio
Published: March 2022

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are new materials with admirable stability, selectivity, and performance for multiple reactions. SACs have been reported to be significantly capable of heterogeneous catalysis because of the active sites with controllable properties and the high efficiency of atom economy utilization. The electronic and geometric features of such materials depend on their coordination and composition, thereby affecting their catalytic potentials. From an economy utilization perspective, cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalysts can be met with precise scientific design and controllable construction of SACs. The present review article is focused on recent applications of SACs in electrocatalysis such as CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and electrochemical detection. We also review the related challenges and perspectives for SACs-based materials for such applications.
Downregulation of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 Confers Radiosensitivity to Gastric Cancer Cells via miR-1913/SETD1A Axis
Authors: Guo Fengying , Guo Ruixiang , Zhang Licheng
Published: March 2022

Long noncoding RNA FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA1 (FOXD2-AS1) plays an oncogenic role in various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the function of FOXD2-AS1 in regulating radiosensitivity of GC cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. This study aimed to figure out the potential mechanisms of FOXD2-AS1 in regulating GC cell radiosensitivity. RT-qPCR revealed upregulation of FOXD2-AS1 in GC cells exposed to radiation. Subcellular fractionation assay was used to localize FOXD2-AS1 in GC cells. Colony formation, MTT, EdU, and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the role of FOXD2-AS1 in regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to assess protein levels of apoptosis-associated markers and SET domain containing 1A (SETD1A). Homologous recombination reporter assay was conducted to explore the effect of FOXD2-AS1 on DNA damage repair. The downstream molecules of FOXD2-AS1 were identified with RNA pulldown, luciferase reporter, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The results showed that FOXD2-AS1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and promoted cell apoptosis and radiosensitivity of GC. FOXD2-AS1 could bind with miR-1913 in GC cells. In addition, miR-1913 targeted SETD1A, which was highly expressed in GC cells. Overexpression of SETD1A reversed FOXD2-AS1 silencing-induced effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity of GC cells. In conclusion, knocking down FOXD2-AS1 enhances the radiosensitivity of GC cells by sponging miR-1913 to upregulate SETD1A expression.
The Experiences of Selected Teachers in Dasmarinas City During the Initial Implementation of Online Distance Learning (ODL) in the Philippines
Authors: Barrera Lannie , Gomez Abigail C. , Padernos Jessy Lou F. , Jr. Primo P. Villanueva , Espinosa Mark Jayson G.
Published: March 2022

The challenges brought about by the COVID- 19 pandemic was not only on the health, economic, and medical sector. It also brought about drastic changes to the education sector. With the "No Child Would Be Left Behind" philosophy, the Department of Education ensured that classes would push through without face-to-face communication. This policy led to various Online Distance Learning (ODL) designs per Division or locality. This qualitative study done through narrative inquiry aims to determine the different challenges experienced and recommendations proposed by the ODL teachers in the actual delivery of education at this time of pandemic and inputs for a better implementation of the school learning continuity plan.

Responses from fifteen participants from the Division of Dasmarinas yielded experiences by which various themes were extracted from the participants. Written interviews were sent to many public elementary and high school teachers experiencing the Online Distance Learning provided and designed by the Department of Education, and fifteen responded. Results have shown that the system processes affect both teachers and students. Thus, further study must be done to perfect the Learning Continuity Plan design, specifically ODL. It may be an abrupt change brought by the pandemic, but a more intensive and careful plan must be done for problems are coming in the chain and bigger.
Parent-Adolescent Relationship: Impact on Senior High School Students in the National Capital Region
Authors: Tabbada Ghilieah Valeska G. , Rojo Jhezrelle Lawrence D. , Badiola Edralyn S. , Escaño Kiana Nissi O. , Baldeo John Vincent J. , Castillo Kimberly Rose B.
Published: March 2022

Adolescence is a critical developmental period that requires parents and youth to renegotiate their relationships (Laursen et al., 2009). Despite being an individual who can take increasing responsibility, an adolescent still needs more protection and guidance (Sawyer, et al., 2018), therefore, the relationship with their parents is crucial. This study explored the impact of parent-adolescent relationships on the academic outcome of Senior High School students in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, focusing on 4 of its dimensions in terms of the adolescents' (a) social interaction, (b) independence, (c) self-expression, and (d) academic performance. Bodies of related literature were also reviewed to assure the reliability and accuracy of this study. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between the parent-adolescent relationship and the General Weighted Average of the students. Despite that, reviewed literature indicated that adolescents who had high levels of parent-adolescent attachment were more likely to have high levels of self-worth, which in turn enhanced their academic engagement and then improved high school grades (Chen, 2017). The researchers recommend future researchers fill the gaps this research has by conducting a study in a larger sample size to give more reliable results with greater precision and power. Future studies about the parent-adolescent relationship may focus on other dimensions aside from the four dimensions explored in this study.
Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and autoantibodies positivity: a systematic review
Authors: Losso Tamirys Silva , Wiens Astrid
Published: March 2022

Background: Ocular involvement represents about 40% of extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis, pointing to impairment in patients’ quality of life. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor are serological markers to laboratorial diagnosis of disease. Objective: Identify main ocular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis and its relationship between positivity of rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, through a Systematic Review of literature. Methods: Systematic Review was conducted on database search, including: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO until January, 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and data of select studies were extracted and organized in tables and graphics. Methodological appraisal and statistical analysis, including meta-analyses, were performed. Selected studies were stored in software Endnote X8 student (Serial Number: 3151802521 e Product Key: L899B-8N8FJ-SX9JW-BEQ58-U9HCD). Statistical analyses were performed with Review Manager software version 5.3 (free software). Results: From 1,985 studies found by database search, four studies were selected and analyzed. Sicca syndrome and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome represented about 50% of ocular manifestations. Meta-analyses applied in two studies demonstrated no statistical significative risk association between anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and development of ocular manifestations. Conclusion: From extra-articular manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis, ocular manifestations correspond to a significative amount. Nevertheless, there were no statistical significative risk association between autoantibodies and these manifestations.
Multilevel multivariate analysis on the anthropometric indicators of under-five children in Ethiopia: EMDHS 2019
Authors: Tesfaw Lijalem Melie , Dessie Zelalem G.
Published: March 2022

Background

Undernutrition is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of children aged under five and it is an important indicator of countries’ economic and health status. Limited attention is given to research papers conducted in Ethiopia that identified and estimates the determinants of under-five anthropometric indicators by considering their association and clustering effect. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and estimate the effects of important determinants of anthropometric indicators by taking into account their association and cluster effects.

Methods

In this study, a cross-sectional study design was implemented based on the data obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS) consists a total of 5027 under-five children. A multilevel multivariate logistic regression model was employed to estimate the effect of the determinants given their association of anthropometric indicators and clustering effect.

Results

Among 5027 children considered in the study 36.0, 23.3, and 9.1% of them were stunted, underweight, and wasted, respectively. Whereas the total number of undernourished (stunting, underweight and/or wasting) children was 42.9%. More than half of the children (51.2%) were males and 77.0% lived in rural area. The estimated odds of children from households with secondary and above education levels being stunted was 0.496 (OR = 0.496) times the estimated odds of children from households with no education. Whereas children from the richest households were less likely to be stunted as compared to children from the poorest households (OR = 0.485). The estimated odds of children from urban areas being underweight and wasting were lower by 24.9 and 33.7% of estimated odds of children from rural areas respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of anthropometric indicators of stunting, underweight, and wasting in Ethiopia was increased. The children underweight has significant dependency with both stunting and wasting. The sex of the child, wealth index, and education level of a household are the common important determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting. The undernourished status of children was more alike within the region and differences between regions.
Adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the lung cancer screening health belief scales
Authors: Lin Yu-an , Carter-Harris Lisa , Yang Jia-ni , Lin Xiu jing , Huang Fei fei
Published: March 2022

Background

Health belief is an important factor affecting lung cancer screening in high-risk population, but the research based on Chinese cultural background is still insufficient. Therefore, we adapted the English version of the Lung Cancer Screening Health Belief Scales (LCSHB) into the Chinese version (LCSHB-C) and examined its psychometric characteristics.

Methods

After obtaining authorization from the original author, the LCSHB-C was adapted based upon Brislin's translation model. Using a variety of community-based recruitment methods, a total of 353 participants were recruited in Fuzhou, Fujian province, China to complete the questionnaires. We combined the classical test theory and item response theory to examine the psychometric properties of the LCSHB-C.

Results

The Cronbach’s alpha for the four subscales ranged from 0.83 ~ 0.93. The content validity index for the four subscales was ranged from 0.87 ~ 1.0. Confirmatory factor analysis supported each subscale structure model fit well. Rasch analysis results further validated the reliability and validity of the four subscales. The person reliability and separation index of each subscale ranged from 0.77 to 0.87 and 1.83 to 2.63, respectively.

Conclusions

The LCSHB-C is a reliable and valid instrument used to measure health beliefs related to lung cancer screening among those high-risk for lung cancer in China, which facilitates the development of lung cancer screening programs and promotes the "three early prevention strategies" of lung cancer (i.e.,early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment).
Early postoperative outcomes of staging laparoscopy for peritoneal metastases with or without pressurized intra-peritoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)
Authors: Teixeira Farinha Hugo , Mattille Daphné , Mantziari Styliani , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin
Published: March 2022

Background

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has been introduced for palliative treatment of peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM) and is currently tested also in the neoadjuvant and prophylactic setting. The aim was therefore to compare safety and tolerance of staging laparoscopy with or without PIPAC.

Methods

This retrospective analysis compared consecutive patients undergoing staging laparoscopy alone for oesogastric cancer with patients having PIPAC for suspected PSM of various origins from January 2015 until January 2020. Safety was assessed by use of the Clavien classification for complications and CTCAE for capturing of adverse events. Pain and nausea were documented by use of a visual analogue scale (VAS: 0–10: maximal intensity).

Results

Overall, 25 PIPAC procedures were compared to 24 staging laparoscopies. PIPAC procedures took a median of 35 min (IQR: 25–67) longer. Four patients experienced at least one complication in either group (p = 0.741). No differences were noted for postoperative nausea (p = 0.961) and pain levels (p = 0.156). Median hospital stay was 2 (IQR: 1–3) for PIPAC and 1 (IQR: 1–2) for the laparoscopy group (p = 0.104).

Conclusions

The addition of PIPAC did not jeopardize safety and postoperative outcomes of staging laparoscopy alone. Further studies need to clarify its oncological benefits.
Implementation strategies for integrating pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention and family planning services for adolescent girls and young women in Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Roche Stephanie D. , Barnabee Gena , Omollo Victor , Mogaka Felix , Odoyo Josephine , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Morton Jennifer F. , Johnson Rachel , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. , O’Malley Gabrielle
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Across sub-Saharan Africa, ministries of health have proposed integrating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention into family planning (FP) services to reach adolescent girls and young women (AGYW); however, evidence on effective implementation strategies is still limited. We conducted a qualitative study of integrated PrEP-FP service implementation at two FP clinics in Kisumu, Kenya.

Methods

From June 2017 to May 2020, the Prevention Options for Women Evaluation Research (POWER) study enrolled 1000 sexually active, HIV-negative AGYW age 16 to 25. Actions taken to implement PrEP were captured prospectively in 214 monitoring and evaluation documents and 15 interviews with PrEP implementers. We analysed data using conventional and directed content analysis, with the latter informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation.

Results

POWER deployed a variety of implementation strategies to train and educate stakeholders (e.g., having new providers shadow PrEP providers); develop stakeholder interrelationships (e.g., organizing support teams with protected time to reflect on implementation progress and make refinements); provide technical assistance; and change physical infrastructure and workflow. Although these strategies reportedly influenced contextual factors across four of the five CFIR domains, they primarily interacted with contextual factors relevant to inner setting, especially implementation climate and readiness for implementation. Overall, implementing PrEP proved easier and less labor-intensive at a private, youth-friendly clinic than a public FP clinic, largely because the baseline structural characteristics (e.g., space, workflow) and organizational mission of the former were more conducive to offering AGYW-centered care. Nevertheless, adoption of PrEP delivery among non-study staff at both sites was low, likely due to the widespread perception that PrEP was not within their scope of work.

Conclusions

Some FP clinics may be “lower-hanging fruit” than others for PrEP implementation. Approaching PrEP implementation as a behavioral intervention for FP providers may help ensure that providers have the requisite capability, opportunity, and motivation to adopt the clinical innovation. In particular, PrEP implementers should assess the need for implementation strategies that support providers’ clinical decision-making, establish worker expectations and accountability, and address workload constraints.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Number: NCT03490058.
Adding hydrogen atoms to molecular models via fragment superimposition
Authors: Kunzmann Patrick , Anter Jacob Marcel , Hamacher Kay
Published: March 2022

Background

Most experimentally determined structures of biomolecules lack annotated hydrogen positions due to their low electron density. However, thorough structure analysis and simulations require knowledge about the positions of hydrogen atoms. Existing methods for their prediction are either limited to a certain range of molecules or only work effectively on small compounds.

Results

We present a novel algorithm that compiles fragments of molecules with known hydrogen atom positions into a library. Using this library the method is able to predict hydrogen positions for molecules with similar moieties. We show that the method is able to accurately assign hydrogen atoms to most organic compounds including biomacromolecules, if a sufficiently large library is used.

Conclusions

We bundled the algorithm into the open-source Python package and command line program . Since usually no additional parametrization is necessary for the problem at hand, the software works out-of-box for a wide range of molecular systems usually within a few seconds of computation time. Hence, we believe that could be a valuable tool for structural biologists and biophysicists alike.
Slavery and American Agricultural History
Authors: Wright Gavin
Published: March 2022

This essay considers the role of slavery in American agricultural history by examining the impact of political decisions during the period when the boundary between free and slave states was not yet settled. This boundary was not dictated by geographic imperatives. In Kentucky, an early "beach-head" in the bluegrass district allowed slavery to become firmly entrenched, even in a state where the majority of farmers held no slaves. On the other hand, slavery was vigorously debated in all of the Northwest Territories--losing a close vote in Illinois as late as 1824. The essay argues that American agricultural history would have been very different had these votes tipped the other way. Evidence from three outlying slave regions--the Kentucky bluegrass, Missouri’s "Little Dixie," and the wheat belt of Virginia--shows that slavery could adapt readily to crops and regions commonly considered ideal for family farms, so long as land values were sufficiently high. Drawing on census samples collected by James Irwin, the essay argues that the peculiar affinity between slavery and wheat-growing in Virginia can best be explained by property rights. Specifically, control over a captive labor force allowed slaveowners to expand wheat acreage without fear of the harvest peak.
Missing Women, Integration Costs, and Big Push Policies in the Saudi Labor Market
Authors: Miller Conrad , Peck Jennifer , Seflek Mehmet
Published: March 2022

In settings where social norms promote gender segregation, firms may find it costly to employ both men and women. These integration costs may hinder women's employment. We develop a methodology to test for the presence of fixed integration costs and estimate counterfactual women's employment at all-male firms where these costs bind. We apply our approach in Saudi Arabia and find that integration costs bind for the majority of firms. We show that Nitaqat, a gender-neutral quota program that incentivized the hiring of Saudi nationals at private sector firms, induced firms to integrate and dramatically increased Saudi women's employment. (JEL J16, J23, J71, M52, O15, Z13)
Subtitling Slam Poetry for the d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences
Authors: Macrea Claudia-Ioana , Arias-Badia Blanca
Published: March 2022

Slam poetry is a competitive performance in which poets deliver their own, short pieces, and are judged by randomly chosen audience members. This form of performed poetry is an underexplored text type in audiovisual translation (AVT). To fill in this gap, this paper provides an introductory account of current practices in the translation of slam poetry, both at local and international competitions held onsite and online. After that, the paper describes the challenges entailed in making slam poetry accessible for the d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing by means of intralingual subtitles added to pre-recorded sessions. The focus of the analysis is placed on the translation of literary style constrained by the immediacy inherent to this form of performance, in which speech rates are typically high. Translation challenges and solutions are illustrated with examples taken from a small corpus of four poems. The study is based on the authors’ experience in collaboration with the non-profit organization Associació RED927 Literatura Oral responsible for the main slam poetry event in Barcelona (Spain).
Blurring the Line between Professional and Amateur Subtitling
Authors: Leksawat Animmarn
Published: March 2022

Fansubbing has generally been characterised by particular features that deviate from professional subtitling conventions; however, recent research begins to show the complexity of the phenomenon and hints at how the line between the professional and the amateur practices is blurring [Dore and Petrucci 2021; Massidda 2015]. The case of Diary of Tootsies, a Thai comedy series and its translations is another representative example of the interconnection of professional and amateur AVT and the need to question the dichotomy between the two practices. This paper revisits professional subtitling conventions and the unconventional features typically associated with fansubs, and then maps them onto the subtitles in the indirect translation chain: the official English subtitles, used as a pivot, and the fansubs created by Spanish-speaking fans. The findings reveal several textual features that are usually attributed to fansubs can also be detected in official subtitles, for instance, unconventional uses of orthotypography, informal abbreviations, and additional explanations. Textual evidence indicates further blurring as these distinctive traits are not always adopted in the corresponding Spanish fansubs. In some cases, fansubbers opt for translation decisions more typical of what might be expected in professional subtitling.
Perspectives on reusing codified project knowledge: a structured literature review
Authors: Coners André , Matthies Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Project documentation represents a valuable source of knowledge in project-based organizations. The practical reality is, however, that the knowledge codified in project documents is hardly re-used in future projects. A central problem in this context is the extensive amount of usually textual material. As a consequence, computer-assisted processes are indispensable in order to analytically manage the constantly growing and evolving databases of available project documents. The goal of this study is to summarize the current research focusing on the computer-assisted reuse of textually codified project knowledge and to define the corresponding state-of-the-art in this this specific field of information systems research. As a result of a literature review, this study structures the body of research contributions and outlines what kinds of computer-assisted techniques are incorporated, what practical application areas these solutions address, and in what business domains they are applied. In particular, this should point out research opportunities and thereby make a contribution to the further development of knowledge management in project environments.
Improving and embedding project management practice: generic or context dependent?
Authors: Fernandes Gabriela , Araújo Madalena
Published: March 2022

Taking into account the contingency theory, this paper explores the extent to which key project management improvement initiatives and key embedding factors, identified in a previously developed conceptual framework, are dependent on organizational context, namely sector of activity, organization size, geographic area and project types. Therefore, aiming to guide professionals on making use of such framework in their organizations. Statistically significant contextual correlations were looked for in a worldwide sample of 793 questionnaire responses from project management professionals, using Principal Component Analysis, ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey test. Context related differences found were limited, suggesting that the framework for improving and embedding project management practice is substantially generic. Therefore, the paper shows the explanatory power of the framework, which can be used by any organization independent of its sector of activity, dimension, geographic area and project types, however indicating the existence of slight differences. For example, Information Technology companies might give more relevance to initiatives such as corporate standardization and tailoring of project management processes tools and techniques than Engineering and Construction companies.
El pensamiento de sistemas; una ruta hacia el liderazgo y la transformación educativa
Authors: Parra Juan David
Published: March 2022

Se presenta una reseña crítica del libro Systems Thinking for School Leaders. Holistic Leadership for Excellence in Education de Haim Shaked y Chen Schechter. Este trabajo, publicado en 2017, presenta una mirada novedosa del liderazgo escolar desde el paradigma del Pensamiento de Sis-temas. Su contenido, más que ser prescriptivo, invita a replantear el papel de rectoras y rectores como actores de un sistema complejo y adaptativo. La reflexión sobre los contenidos y apartes del texto es complementada con apuntes sobre retos contemporáneos de la denominada gestión educativa en un país como Colombia.
Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) Practices from the Perspective of Classroom Teachers Teaching in Disadvantaged Suburban Primary School
Authors: Mutluer Ozgul , Bavli Bunyamin
Published: March 2022

The current study aims to determine how emergency remote teaching (ERT) practices were conducted in a disadvantaged suburban public primary school during the COVID -19 pandemic. For this purpose, a disadvantaged suburban public primary school in the Marmara region, Turkey, was selected as a case and an instrumental case study design was chosen for the study. For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview form with 10 classroom teachers. In addition, natural observations were conducted by one of the researchers who is also a teacher in the same school. As a result of the thematic analysis, two main themes were identified: "disadvantage experienced by students" and "the consequences of disadvantage." The disadvantage experienced by the students has two different dimensions, social and economic. It was found that these disadvantages lead to different effects on students and teachers. The results of the study show that students face economic disadvantages in purchasing the imperative learning materials to participate in the online course. Parents do not prioritize these materials due to low awareness. Socio-economic disadvantages lead to a digital divide and inequality of opportunity in education.It is clear that school closures will create even greater challenges for disadvantaged students in the future.s. In terms of teachers, these disadvantageous situations cause instructional difficulties such as challenges in planning the teaching process, neglecting the program, effective assessment; and individual difficulties such as anxiety and sadness.
Modifikace kurikula jako „příležitost“ k elitářství nadaných žáků
Authors: Klimecká Eva
Published: March 2022

Elitism in education is often applied by a different and prefered approach to students belonging to the so-called elite. This elite is segregated and developed, often at the expense of the needs of other students. Can elitism be one of the problems of pedagogical practice with intellectually gifted students in ordinary inclusive primary schools? We carried out qualitative research in the environment of ordinary primary schools by observing school lessons and interviews with teachers. We spent 70 hours in eight schools, tracking 24 gifted students. The aim was to identify and describe the pedagogical situations leading to the elitism of gifted pupils. We focused on teachers as the creator of a modified curriculum for gifted pupils, which gives space for the emergence of elitism. We analyzed the data using open and axial coding. We found that teachers apply pedagogical situations leading to the elitism of gifted pupils, in all components of the modified curriculum, but especially in pedagogical strategies such as extracurricular activities, gifted as a teacher's assistant, complementary tasks and group work. Finally, the features of the curriculum leading to elitism are defined. Research highlights one of the negative consequences of increasing formal support of giftedness.
The Influence of Utterance-Related Factors on the Use of Direct and Indirect Speech
Authors: Li Jianan , Jongerling Joran , Dijkstra Katinka , Zwaan Rolf
Published: March 2022

People routinely shift between direct and indirect speech in everyday communication. The factors that impact the selection between these two modes of reporting during language production are under-investigated. The present study examined how utterance-related factors (the vividness of non-verbal information and the utterance type) influence the use of direct and indirect reported speech in narratives. Participants were asked to watch and retell four movie clips. All narratives were videotaped and then transcribed verbatim for analyses. The data were analyzed using a mixed effects logistic regression model. The results showed that the utterances accompanied by vivid voice were more likely to be reported in direct speech. The vividness of facial expressions did not influence the form in which utterances were reported. In addition, we found that utterances that belonged to so-called Main Clause Phenomena were more likely to be reported in direct speech than in indirect speech. The current study helps us further understand the factors that influence structure choices during language production.
The Digital Equity Leadership Lab (DELL)
Authors: Rhinesmith Colin , Krongelb Malana , Jiang Jie
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the Digital Equity Leadership Lab in Baltimore, Maryland as a case study of community leadership development to promote digital equity and justice. While several studies of community leadership development exist, few are focused on its role in promoting digital equity and justice. This case study attempts to address this gap in the scholarly literature through the following research question: How might DELL serve as a community-based leadership training model to develop the next wave of digital equity leaders? Through our analysis of interviews with community leaders, outside experts, and community foundation staff, we discovered the following three main findings: (1) bringing national policymakers and advocates together with community leaders is powerful and transformative; (2) digital inequality is a social, not a technological problem; and (3) community leaders need access to a shared platform and to each other to create change. These findings suggest that community leaders can benefit from seeing their work within a digital equity ecosystems framework, which calls attention to the importance the interactions that exist among individuals, populations, communities, and their broader sociotechnical environments that all shape the work to promote more equitable access to technology and social and racial justice. This case study report concludes with recommendations for community leaders, including community foundations, working to uncover systemic discrimination shaping digital inequality today to advance digital equity and justice.
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2019 Emergency Department Summary Tables
Authors: Cairns Christopher , Kang Kai
Published: March 2022

These tables show the most current nationally representative data on ambulatory care visits to hospital emergency departments in the United States. Estimates are presented on selected hospital, patient, and visit characteristics using data collected in the 2019 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.
Effect of acetylsalicylic acid and ammonium sulphate on productive and physiological parameters in Stipa caudata under water shortage conditions
Authors: MOLINA Julio , GONZÁLEZ-ORENGA Sara , VICENTE Oscar , BOSCAIU Monica , LLINARES Josep V. , ZAMBRANO Francisco , SANTIBÁÑEZ Claudia
Published: March 2022

Stipa caudata is a grass native to low rainfall areas in Argentina and Chile, considered an excellent potential candidate for biofuel production or soil restoration programmes. This study aimed at analysing the effects of ammonium sulphate (AMS) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the productivity and biochemical traits of plants of this species under water scarcity conditions. The experimental work was carried out on plants grown outdoors using a randomised block plot design. Several yield and biochemical parameters related to resistance to water scarcity were analysed in plants treated with AMS or ASA. Plants in the treatments with ASA and AMS had higher total chlorophyll content than the others. Concerning ion content, water-restricted plants treated with AMS had similar values to irrigated plants. Regarding the osmoprotectants and antioxidants, treated plants had increased concentrations of proline and total flavonoids. Under water stress, plants had higher APX activity and there was an A x B interaction for CAT and SOD activity. The results obtained show that the use of ASA and AMS in some crops or in environmental restoration programmes could be a useful tool to cope with future climate scenarios of water scarcity.
In vitro and in silico investigation of the antifungal activity of endophytic fungi against phytopathogenic fungi of tomato
Authors: MANSOURI Nedjwa , BENSLAMA Ouided
Published: March 2022

Plants are threatened by several diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. Melanin is an important pathogenicity factor in some fungal plant diseases. The enzyme 6,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR) is implicated in the catalysis of the melanin biosynthesis in fungi. The chemical fungicide Phthalide acts by inhibiting this enzyme. But despite its efficacy, Phthalide can be detrimental to environmental health, hence the need to look for natural inhibitors to combat phytopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to screen the antifungal activity of some endophytic strains against phytopathogenic fungi of tomato. A total of 7 endophytic fungi were isolated and pre-identified from different parts of celery, parsley, mint, and coriander. On the other hand, five phytopathogenic fungal strains were isolated and pre-identified from tomatoes. The agar cylinder method showed that the endophytic fungi strains Fusarium and Trichoderma have significant inhibitory activity against four phytopathogenic fungi identified as Alternaria and Penicillium. Molecular docking was also used to study the inhibitory effect of some bioactive fungal compounds against the 3HNR enzyme. Drug-likeness and ADMET analyses were conducted on the selected chemicals to test their reliability and pharmaceutical efficacy. Phenylethyl alcohol interacts intensely with the binding site of the 3HNR receptor giving binding energy of -5.3 Kcal/mol, which is close to the co-crystallized ligand Phthalide. In addition, ADMET and pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that Phenylethyl alcohol verify the majority of the filters and pharmacokinetic properties necessary to select an effective antifungal molecule, including Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules.
CUMHURİYET’İN ÖNEMLİ BİR SANAYİ YATIRIMI OLARAK KOCAELİ SEKA ÖRNEĞİ VE GELECEK İÇİN ÖNERİLER
Authors: AY Filiz , EFE GÜNEY Mercan , ECEMİŞ KILIÇ Sibel
Published: March 2022

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemlerinde başlayan modernite projesi, Cumhuriyetle birlikte ülkede planlı bir eyleme dönüşmüştür. Modernite projesi içinde, ekonomik bağımsızlık için planlı kalkınmaya ve sanayinin gelişmesine önem verilmiştir. İzmir İktisat Kongresi (1927) ve Birinci Beş Yıllık Sanayi Planı (1934) bu süreçte sanayi yatırımlarının gerçekleşmesini sağlamıştır. Bu yatırımlar devrimleri ayakta tutan unsurlar ve ekonomik/sosyal kalkınma için temel gereksinimler olarak görülmüş ve devlet eliyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ülkenin modernleşme sürecindeki ilk adımlarından biri olarak Kocaeli SEKA bu sürecin aşamalarının izlenebildiği somut bir örnektir.

Cumhuriyetin ilk sanayi kuruluşu olan SEKA Kâğıt Fabrikası, Kocaeli ili için önemli bir endüstriyel miras değeri taşımakta ve bünyesinde barındırdığı yapılarla bir modernleşme modeli oluşturmaktadır. Kültürel ve endüstriyel mirasa sahip olan SEKA, geçmişe dair izlerin gelecek nesillere aktarıldığı mekânsal değerler içermektedir. Fabrika kuruluşundan (1936), kapatılmasına kadar (2004) geçen süreçte kente, kentlilere ve çalışanlarına sunduğu olanaklarla kentin belleğinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak, zaman içinde teknolojik gelişmelere uyum sağlayamadığına ve çevreye kirletici etkileri nedeniyle yer seçiminin uygun olmadığına karar verilmiş ve yavaş yavaş işlevini yitirmiştir. Fabrikanın kapatılmasıyla sadece bir üretim yerinin işlevi sonlandırılmamış, kentlilerin ve çalışanlarının fabrikayla kurduğu özel bağ da etkilenmiştir.

İşlevi sona eren SEKA alanının, 2005 yılında belediyeye devredilmesi sonrasında, kente geri kazandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Kent tarihi açısından önem taşıyan bu alanın özgün fonksiyonları dışında ancak, özgün fonksiyonun oluşturduğu değeri koruyarak sürdürülmesi endüstriyel miras kavramı kapsamında değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada kentin sosyal ve ekonomik yapısına etki eden SEKA’nın kıyı şeridi, taşıdığı tarihi ve endüstriyel yapıları, özellikle Sekapark Kentsel Dönüşüm Projesinin uygulanmasıyla birlikte değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca, tüm alanın etkin ve verimli kullanımını sağlamak üzere, mevcut durumda göreli olarak atıl kalan ve/veya kullanımında sınırlılıklar bulunan yapı ve alanlara ilişkin öneriler geliştirilmiştir.