bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol
Authors: Braymer Joseph J. , Stehling Oliver , Stümpfig Martin , Rösser Ralf , Spantgar Farah , Blinn Catharina M. , Mühlenhoff Ulrich , Pierik Antonio J. , Lill Roland
Published: May 2024

The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
The origin of Uralic-speaking groups from a historical genetic point of view
Authors: Németh Endre , Szeverényi Sándor
Published: May 2024

In recent years, a number of primarily linguistic studies have dealt with the origin of the Uralic language
family. These studies formulated important and, in some cases, novel results regarding the location of the Proto-Uralic homeland,
the classification of linguistic branches, the chronology and geographical aspects of migration routes, and even the
archaeological cultures embodying the migration routes. At the same time, our knowledge of the gene pool of the Uralic peoples has
also increased significantly. The aim of the present study is to identify parallels and discrepancies between the latest
linguistic and historical genetic results. We highlight several convergences between recent conclusions of linguistics and our
model based on Y-chromosome data. A key finding is a correlation between Uralic language sub-branches and N subgroups. The
direction and chronology of the eastward migration of these N subgroups may also shed new light on the Uralic-Chukchi,
Uralic-Yukaghir and Uralic-Altaic linguistic parallels.
A case study of comparative metaphor analysis in Finnish and Hungarian news texts
Authors: Bajzát Tímea Borbála , Gábor Simon
Published: May 2024

Despite remarkable previous results of cognitive linguistic analysis of metaphorization in Finnish and Hungarian
even in a cross-linguistic context (Huumo 2019; Máthé 2022), a systematic comparative study of the patterns of linguistic metaphors in these two languages is still to
be carried out. The aim of this paper is to fill this research gap by proposing a MIPVU-inspired protocol for metaphor
identification in languages with rich morphology and presenting the preliminary results of a small-scale corpus analysis. The
study is organized around the following questions: (i) How can we adapt and extend the original MIPVU method for agglutinative
Uralic languages like Hungarian and Finnish? (ii) How can we implement the adapted method in a collaborative parallel annotation
process of sampled news texts? (iii) What are the differences in metaphorical patterns between Finnish and Hungarian? The paper
details the adapted protocol of MIPVU for the Hungarian language (Simon et al. 2023),
and how it can be applied to Finnish, demonstrating its applicability in a research corpus. Our findings demonstrate a relatively
similar metaphorization in Hungarian and Finnish with slight differences in terms of the frequency of metaphorical expressions,
their semantic relations, and the complexity of argument structure constructions.
Oral proficiency gains of study abroad students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Heinzmann Sybille , Hilbe Robert , Ehrsam Kristina , Bleichenbacher Lukas
Published: May 2024

This article presents a comparative study of the oral English proficiency gains of two groups of students, namely
mobility students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 26), who were matched for background variables
such as pre-departure oral proficiency, duration of stay, accommodation, and destination. Oral proficiency was measured before and
after the stay using the Oral Proficiency Interview by Computer (OPIc). Results indicate that students staying abroad before the
outbreak of the pandemic made significant progress while students staying abroad during the pandemic did not. Student comments
suggest that this may be related to the measures taken to contain the pandemic, limiting opportunities for social networking and
interaction. However, this impression could not be supported by statistical analyses of the self-reported number of social
contacts or amount of English language use. The results point to the need for consideration of qualitative aspects of social
interactions and language use and a more frequent and situated assessment of these.
Effect of feeds and hygienic practices on milk production and its nutritional and microbiological quality
Authors: Terefe Geberemariyam , Walelegne Mulugeta
Published: May 2024

The review emphasizes that factors such as feed type, diet composition, and hygiene standards during milking significantly impact milk yield, composition, and microbial population. A comprehensive methodology was employed to gather relevant literature from diverse sources, including textbooks, academic journals, and databases. The review focused on research articles investigating the impact of feed type and nutrients on dairy cattle milk yield, and quality. The search terms used to organize this article were breed, feed, hygienic practices, sources of microorganisms, and milk production, and by synthesizing findings from these studies; key factors influencing milk production and quality were identified. The review highlights the significance of breed selection, feeding practices, and hygienic measures in dairy farming. Optimizing these factors can enhance milk production, nutritional quality, and microbial safety, ensuring the delivery of high-quality milk to consumers. Overall, the review provides valuable insights into the relationship between animal breed, nutrition, and hygiene practices in dairy cattle production.
“Containing the Network”: Referrers’ Experiences of the Community Forensic CAMHS Consultation and Liaison Model
Authors: Jacob Jenna , Merrick Hannah , Lane Rebecca , Cracknell Liz , Labno Angelika , D’Souza Sophie , White Oliver , Edbrooke-Childs Julian
Published: May 2024

Consultation between mental health professionals and other professionals working with young people can bring together multiple agencies to ensure young people are appropriately supported and referred to specialist care where needed. The aim of this research is to explore the consultation and liaison model of support for young people who are at high risk of engaging in harmful behaviors (e.g., harm to self and others), through the experiences of professionals liaising with specialist Community Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (F:CAMHS). Interviews with referring professionals ( N = 34, from 34 services) were analyzed thematically, themes focused on referrer experiences; impact on the network; and impact on young people and their parents/carers. The combination of forensic mental health expertise in risk assessment and management, with the ability to provide overarching and indirect support to the network is fundamental to the model. Community F:CAMHS’ capacity to manage anxiety in the professional network is likely helped by the one-step-removed position afforded in the consultative role. Adopting a position of authority led to clearer, more co-ordinated and more robust risk management plans. Consideration could be given to adopting the model when working with referrals involving multiple agencies and high levels of anxiety within the network.
Mock data sets for the Eboss and DESI Lyman-α forest surveys
Authors: Etourneau Thomas , Goff Jean-Marc Le , Rich James , Tan Ting , Cuceu Andrei , Ahlen S. , Armengaud E. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de la Macorra A. , Doel P. , Font-Ribera A. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gontcho S.Gontcho A. , Gonzalez-Morales A.X. , Herrera-Alcantar H.K. , Honscheid K. , Kisner T. , Landriau M. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Miquel R. , Muñoz-Gutiérrez A. , Nie J. , Pérez-Ràfols I. , Poppett C. , Ravoux C. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schubnell M. , Stermer J. , Tarlé G. , Walther M. , Zhou Z.
Published: May 2024

We present a publicly-available code to generate sets of mock Lyman-α (Lyα) forest data that have realistic large-scale correlations including those due to the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO).
The primary purpose of these mocks is to test the analysis procedures of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Survey (eBOSS) and the Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument (DESI) surveys.
The transmitted flux fraction, F(λ),
of background quasars due to Lyα absorption in the intergalactic medium (IGM)
is simulated using the Fluctuating Gunn-Petterson Approximation
(FGPA) applied to Gaussian random fields produced through
the use of fast Fourier transforms (FFT).
The output includes the IGM-Lyα transmitted flux fraction along quasar lines of sight and a catalog of high-column-density systems appropriately placed at high-density regions of the IGM.
This output serves as input to additional code that superimposes
the IGM tranmission on realistic quasar spectra, adds absorption by
high-column-density systems and metals,
and simulates instrumental transmission and noise.
Redshift space distortions (RSD) of the flux correlations are implemented by including the large-scale velocity-gradient field in the FGPA
resulting in a correlation function of F(λ) that can be accurately predicted.
One hundred realizations have been produced over the 14,000 deg2 
DESI survey footprint with 100 quasars per deg2.
The analysis of these realizations shows that the correlations of F(λ) follows the prediction within the accuracy of eBOSS survey.
The most time-consuming part of the mock production occurs before application of the FGPA, and the existing pre-FGPA forests can be used to
easily produce new mock sets with modified redshift-dependent bias parameters or observational conditions.
Spatiotemporal changes and drivers of ecological security based on an improved ecological footprint model: the case of Hubei Province, China
Authors: He Nan , Zhou Zehan , Zhou Yong , Zhang Junda , Chen Deli , Cai Yurong , Zhang Mengxuan , Liang Xia
Published: May 2024

The increasing contradiction between resource supply and demand has brought ecological security (ES) to the forefront. Research on the changes of ES pattern and their driving factors is crucial for coordinating the regional ecological and economic development. Hubei Province in China exhibits uneven distribution of resources and a fragile ecological environment. In this study, an improved ecological footprint (EF) model was employed to analyze the changes in the ES pattern of Hubei Province. And the logarithmic mean Divisia index model was introduced to analyze the corresponding driving factors. The results showed that (1) from 2000 to 2020, the EF per capita (ef), the ecological carrying capacity per capita (ecc), and the ecological deficit (ED) per capita (ed) of Hubei Province increased by 47.11%, 2.71%, and 51.72%, respectively. In 2020, the cities in the province were in a state of ED, and the spatial distribution was ‘high in the central part of the province and low in the east and west’. (2) Each ef type showed an increasing trend. The increase in ef mostly came from the increase in fisheries ef, fossil energy ef and cropland ef, with a contribution of 76.70%. The increase in ecc is mainly due to the increase in freshwater ecc, with a contribution of 274.87%. (3) The ecological pressure in the province continued to rise and has been in a state of being completely unsafe. The efficiency of ecological resource use has increased, and the ecological structure tends to be rationalized, but the ecological-economic coordination has weakened. (4) The overall EF growth in the province is mostly driven by economic, population and footprint structure factors, while footprint intensity suppresses EF growth. Therefore, it is advised to boost investment in eco-friendly tech, foster green economy growth, and prioritize renewable energy development. This study can provide a reference basis for policy formulation on environmental sustainability and ecosystem management.
Co-existence of potentially sustainable indigenous food systems and poor nutritional status in Ho indigenous community, India: an exploratory study
Authors: Kapoor Ridhima , Sabharwal Manisha , Ghosh-Jerath Suparna
Published: May 2024

Indigenous food (IF) systems comprise culturally important foods derived from natural resources with shorter farm to plate chains, as compared to modern counterparts. These food systems are at epicenter of sustainable food systems with potential to alleviate malnutrition and protect ecosystems. The Ho indigenous community of Jharkhand have access to diverse IFs, yet experience malnutrition. A sequential mixed-method study was conducted to explore local food systems with assessment of diet quality and nutritional status of Ho women. Focus group discussions (n = 10) and free-listing (n = 7) were conducted to capture community’s perspectives on IF systems, associated sustainable attributes and perceived challenges towards IF utilization. Scientific names and nutritive values of IFs were documented through secondary review; in case of no information in literature, IFs were identified through ethnobotanist with nutritional analysis in laboratory. 24 h recalls (n = 284 in winter and n = 154 in monsoon) and anthropometric assessments (n = 273) were conducted to estimate women’s dietary diversity and nutritional status. Findings revealed rich traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) producing a diverse list of IFs (n = 243) mainly accessed from natural food environment (wild and cultivated). Among listed foods, 171 IFs were taxonomically classified and among these, nutritive values were documented for 121 IFs. Potentially sustainable traits of Ho’s IF systems included high nutrient density of IFs, community’s preference towards their consumption because of their flavorsome attributes, climate resilient properties and cultural heritage. However, impacts of climate variability, changing farming practices and market-integrated life ways challenged the sustained production, access and consumption of IFs. This was evident in poor diversity in diets (diet diversity scores of 2.9 in winter and monsoon) and chronic energy deficiency (36%) in women. The unique TEK systems of indigenous communities need to be integrated into mainstream policies and programs for safeguarding and promoting their potentially sustainable food systems to support food and nutritional security.
From fermionic spin-Calogero–Sutherland models to the Haldane–Shastry chain by freezing
Authors: Lamers Jules , Serban Didina
Published: May 2024

The Haldane–Shastry spin chain has a myriad of remarkable properties, including Yangian symmetry and, for spin

1

/

2

, explicit highest-weight eigenvectors featuring (the case

α
=
1

/

2

of) Jack polynomials. This stems from the spin-Calogero–Sutherland model, which reduces to Haldane–Shastry in a special ‘freezing’ limit. In this work we clarify various points that, to the best of our knowledge, were missing in the literature. We have two main results. First, we show that freezing the fermionic spin-1/2 Calogero–Sutherland model naturally accounts for the precise form of the Haldane–Shastry wave functions, including the Vandermonde factor squared. Second, we use the fermionic framework to prove the claim of Bernard–Gaudin–Haldane–Pasquier that the Yangian highest-weight eigenvectors of the

SU
(
r
)

-version of the Haldane–Shastry chain arise by freezing

SU
(
r
−
1
)

spin-Calogero–Sutherland eigenvectors at

α
=
1

/

2

.
Quantum tunnelling and thermally driven transitions in a double-well potential at finite temperature
Authors: Christie Robson , Eastman Jessica
Published: May 2024

We explore dissipative quantum tunnelling, a phenomenon central to various physical and chemical processes, utilizing a model based on a double-well potential. This paper aims to bridge gaps in understanding the crossover from thermal activation to quantum tunnelling, a domain still shrouded in mystery despite extensive research. By numerically investigating a model derived from Caldeira–Leggett’s work on quantum Brownian motion, examining both Lindblad and stochastic Schrödinger dynamics, we offer new insights into the transition states in the crossover region. Contrary to a common belief that temperature strongly dampens all quantum effects, our findings reveal that under certain conditions temperature instead alters the nature of tunnelling from a deterministic and periodic process to a stochastic yet still very quantum phenomenon. This underscores the profound influence of quantum effects on transition rates and the critical role of temperature in modulating tunnelling behaviours. Additionally, we introduce a new model for quantum Brownian motion that takes Lindblad form and is formulated as a modification of the widely known model found in Breuer and Petruccione. In our approach, we remove the zero-temperature singularity resulting in a better description of low-temperature quantum Brownian motion near a potential minima. Despite these advancements, we recognize persistent challenges in accurately simulating the dynamics at extremely low temperatures for arbitrary potentials, particularly those that cannot be closely approximated locally by a quadratic function.
Attenuation coefficient for Agarwood and shade tree sections at 59.6keV and 356keV
Authors: Maria Sipaun Susan , Fakhrul Hidayat Bin Anuar Mohd , Bin Hassan Hearie
Published: May 2024

Gamma ray measurements were carried out on wood sections of agarwood and shade trees to obtain its mass attenuation coefficients. Diameter of the blocks of agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) is 17.0cm and shade tree (Khaya Senegalensis) sections are 24.0cm (branch) and 37.2cm (trunk). The radiation transmission measurement setup used a 0.5” x 0.5” thallium-activated sodium iodide detector, scaler ratemeter Ludlum model 2200 and collimated radioactive sources 3.5GBq Am-241 and 0.05GBq Ba-133 for the attenuation measurements. The dry density of agarwood trunk was 0.40±0.01 gcm−3. For the shade tree, the dry densities were 0.52±0.02 gcm−3 (branch) and 0.49±0.01 gcm−3 (trunk). At 59.6keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for the agarwood at diameter is 0.114±0.007 cm2g−1, and for shade tree (branch) is 0.136±0.004 cm2g−1 and 0.120±0.004 cm2g−1 shade tree (trunk). At 356keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for the agarwood at diameter is 0.081±0.003 cm2g−1, and for shade tree (branch) is 0.086±0.004 cm2g−1 and 0.068±0.028 cm2g−1 shade tree (trunk).
Dose verifications in several organs in abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan by using Al2O3 OSL dosimeters
Authors: Fahmi Mohd Yusof Mohd , Haiqal Ramli Muhammad , Nazri Che Hussin Che , Bazlie Abd Kadir Ahmad , Mohd Isa Norriza
Published: May 2024

The study investigated the dose of several organs in the computed tomography (CT) scan by using Al2O3 optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters. The organs of right and left kidney, right pancreas, spleen and liver in an anthropomorphic human phantom were investigated for the dose received during the scan. The OSL dosimeters are embedded into custom-made wax and replace onto two selected slices of human body phantom where the selected organs are located. The phantom was scanned with by using adult abdomen protocol. The percentage differences of OSL doses reading compared to the previous study data and the international dose reference level (DRL). The doses obtained from OSL NanoDots® showed excellent agreement compared to XRQA film dosimeters with percentage differences within 5%. The doses measured by using OSL dosimeters in five organs were also within the range of the national DRL values by the Ministry of Health of Malaysia (MOH). These findings suggest that our results can be utilized to verify the doses received by internal organs during computed tomography abdomen protocols. The overall results indicated the suitability of OSL dosimeters for the indirect dose verification in the CT scan.
Development of a novel, concentric micro-ECoG array enabling simultaneous detection of a single location by multiple electrode sizes
Authors: Akamine Ian R , Garich Jonathan V , Gulick Daniel W , Hara Seth A , Benscoter Mark A , Kuehn Stephen T , Worrell Gregory A , Raupp Gregory B , Blain Christen Jennifer M
Published: May 2024

Objective. Detection of the epileptogenic zone is critical, especially for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Accurately mapping cortical regions exhibiting high activity during spontaneous seizure events while detecting neural activity up to 500 Hz can assist clinicians’ surgical decisions and improve patient outcomes. Approach. We designed, fabricated, and tested a novel hybrid, multi-scale micro-electrocorticography (micro-ECoG) array with a unique embedded configuration. This array was compared to a commercially available microelectrode array (Neuronexus) for recording neural activity in rodent sensory cortex elicited by somatosensory evoked potentials and pilocarpine-induced seizures. Main results. Evoked potentials and spatial maps recorded by the multi-scale array (‘micros’, ‘mesos’, and ‘macros’ refering to the relative electrode sizes, 40 micron, 1 mm, and 4 mm respectively) were comparable to the Neuronexus array. The SSEPs recorded with the micros had higher peak amplitudes and greater signal power than those recorded by the larger mesos and macro. Seizure onset events and high-frequency oscillations (∼450 Hz) were detected on the multi-scale, similar to the commercially available array. The micros had greater SNR than the mesos and macro over the 5-1000 Hz frequency range during seizure monitoring. During cortical stimulation experimentation, the mesos successfully elicited motor effects. Significance. Previous studies have compared macro- and microelectrodes for localizing seizure activity in adjacent regions. The multi-scale design validated here is the first to simultaneously measure macro- and microelectrode signals from the same overlapping cortical area. This enables direct comparison of microelectrode recordings to the macroelectrode recordings used in standard neurosurgical practice. Previous studies have also shown that cortical regions generating high-frequency oscillations are at an increased risk for becoming epileptogenic zones. More accurate mapping of these micro seizures may improve surgical outcomes for epilepsy patients.
Equitable charging infrastructure for electric vehicles: access and experience
Authors: Bhatt Rudri , Giang Amanda , Javed Bassam , Kandlikar Milind
Published: May 2024

The shift toward electric vehicles (EVs) as a decarbonisation strategy in transportation raises important energy justice concerns, particularly regarding fair access to charging infrastructure. This perspective synthesizes evidence on how access to, and experience of, charging infrastructure may differ across socio-economic groups across North America. We present a framework for assessing charging infrastructure equity that includes: (i) accessibility—proximity, reliability, visibility, affordability; and (ii) user experiences—safety, payment ease, and co-located other services. The framework helps characterize the varied impacts across socio-demographic groups, including on low-income and marginalized communities. We explore how the direct and indirect effects of accessibility and user experience might influence the distribution and design of EV charging stations. Considerations of socio-economic diversity in the deployment of charging infrastructure are critical to ensure equitable benefits from electric mobility. We conclude that targeted actions from manufacturers, charging operators, and governments are needed to alleviate the disparities in access and experiences with public EV charging.
Condition monitoring of electric vehicle motor testing machine’s Vital components using bagged trees and quadratic SVM: a comparative study
Authors: Ravi Kumar S , Syed Wahid Ali M , Pandian C K Arvinda , Muralidharan V
Published: May 2024

The future of the automotive industry lies in the utilization of electric vehicles (EVs). A crucial component of these EVs is the drive motor. The verification of critical parameters for the electrical motor is considered to be of utmost importance, and this is achieved through the use of a motor testing machine. The motor testing machine is utilized frequently to determine characteristic curve points and the electromagnetic behavior of electric motors under various conditions. However, it has been observed that the presence of a fault in the helical gear setup of the testing machine leads to frequent breakdowns and suboptimal performance, thereby affecting the efficiency of the assembly line in the production of electric vehicles. In light of these observations, the main objective of this research endeavor is to improve the motor test bench apparatus by altering essential design parameters through the utilization of vibration signal analysis and machine learning techniques. Prior to extracting statistical features, vibration signals are obtained at different gear settings. These signals are subsequently categorized using classifiers such as Bagged Trees and Quadratic SVM. Machine learning techniques are utilized to classify the gathered signals as either normal or faulty, both with and without the inclusion of a 0.25 KW load for each condition. The performance of multiple algorithms is evaluated and scrutinized. The results have demonstrated that the Bagged Trees technique outperforms the other algorithm, achieving an impressive accuracy of 95.3%. Consequently, the proposed method presents an adept solution for augmenting the motor test bench’s capability by modifying crucial design parameters.
Wear performance of aluminium hybrid nanocomposites using Taguchi
Authors: Venkata Subbaiah K , T SarithNaidu
Published: May 2024

This research explored AA 6351reinforced with varying amounts of nano silicon carbide (five wt%) and nanoZirconia powder (3to 9 in steps of three wt%) composites’ wear performance using the powder metallurgy technique. Wear tests were conducted on the specimens in a dry, ambient environment utilizing a tribometer(pin-on-disc). The impact of three factors—Zirconia wt percentage, load, and sliding velocity—on the wear rate and friction coefficient was investigated. An experimental design based on the Taguchi-nine-level orthogonal array was employed, allowing for efficient analysis of parameter significance. Optimum conditions for minimum wear were identified through a main effect plot, indicating 9% wt reinforcement (Level 3), 1.34 ms−1 sliding velocity (Level 3), and 10 N load (Level 1). Sliding velocity (72.027%) emerged as the primary determinant of wear- rate in the ANOVA analysis, followed by the contributions of reinforcement (16.056%) and load (10.92%). Optimization for the lowest friction coefficient, again via the main effect plot, pointed to 9% wt reinforcement (Level 3), 30 N load (Level3), and 0.84 ms−1 sliding velocity (Level2). ANOVA showed that reinforcement ZrO2(37.57%) strongly influenced friction, with sliding velocity (20.53%) and load (14.78%) playing more minor roles.
Enhancing blockchain security: a novel approach to integrated malware defence mechanisms
Authors: Sharma Aastha , Upadhyay Divya , Sharma Shanu
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a novel integrated hybrid malware attack detection algorithm, focusing on enhancing cybersecurity within blockchain systems by addressing the prevalent challenges of Byzantine fault tolerance, Reentrancy, and DDOS attacks. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to safeguarding blockchain technology, a cornerstone for secure, decentralized digital transactions, against sophisticated malware threats. Current cybersecurity solutions frequently fall short of offering a complete defense mechanism, making it difficult to effectively combat a variety of dynamic malware attacks at the same time. Thus, the main objective of this research is to provide a hybrid framework that combines DDOS attack prevention, reentrancy attack detection, and Byzantine fault tolerance detection into a single, cohesive architecture. The proposed hybrid framework encompasses a detailed algorithmic approach integrating SHA-256 and DSA to analyze the aforementioned three malware attacks. A hybrid model combining these algorithms, implemented in one block, has been developed to mitigate malicious activity. These measures aim to improve computational complexity and expedite execution within the network of nodes. To test the efficacy of the proposed framework, the approach is tested on the NSL-KDD dataset to analyze the malicious activities. The performance analysis of the proposed frameworks presents a recall and F1 score of 73 and .68 respectively. Furthermore, for efficient mitigation, the time and space complexity analysis is performed on proposed algorithms for attack analysis, which resulted in a combination of constant and linear time complexity operations. The findings reveal that the proposed algorithm successfully identifies and mitigates the targeted malware attacks and maintains optimal performance in terms of time and space complexity. Specifically, the algorithm showcases linear and constant time complexities across different attack vectors, ensuring swift and scalable defense capabilities. This research’s contribution to the cybersecurity field is significant, offering a robust, scalable solution that enhances the resilience of blockchain networks against a broad spectrum of malware attacks.
A note on the quotient of a locally 𝐽𝐶-algebra by a closed Jordan ideal
Authors: Friedman Oleg , Katz Alexander
Published: May 2024

In the sequel some locally

J
C

JC

-algebra versions of results of Apostol and Effros-Størmer about quotient by a closed Jordan ideal are established.
Shafarevich-Tate groups of abelian varieties
Authors: Nikolaev Igor
Published: May 2024

The Shafarevich-Tate group

Ш

(

A

)

\Sha (\mathscr {A})

measures the failure of the Hasse principle for an abelian variety

A

\mathscr {A}

. Using a correspondence between the abelian varieties and the higher dimensional non-commutative tori, we prove that

Ш

(

A

)
≅
C
l
 
(
Λ
)
⊕
C
l
 
(
Λ
)

\Sha (\mathscr {A})\cong Cl~(\Lambda )\oplus Cl~(\Lambda )

or
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="Ш left-parenthesis script upper A right-parenthesis approximately-equals left-parenthesis bold upper Z slash 2 Superscript k Baseline bold upper Z right-parenthesis circled-plus upper C l Subscript bold o bold d bold d Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Lamda right-parenthesis circled-plus upper C l Subscript bold o bold d bold d Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Lamda right-parenthesis">

Ш

(

A

)
≅

(

Z

/

2
k

Z

)

⊕
C

l

 

o
d
d

 
(
Λ
)
⊕
C

l

 

o
d
d

 
(
Λ
)

\Sha (\mathscr {A})\cong \left (\mathbf {Z}/2^k\mathbf {Z}\right ) \oplus Cl_{~\mathbf {odd}}~(\Lambda )\oplus Cl_{~\mathbf {odd}}~(\Lambda )

, where

C
l
 
(
Λ
)

Cl~(\Lambda )

is the ideal class group of a ring

Λ
\Lambda

associated to the K-theory of the non-commutative tori and

2
k

2^k

divides the order of

C
l
 
(
Λ
)

Cl~(\Lambda )

. The case of elliptic curves with complex multiplication is considered in detail.
Stratified Noncommutative Geometry
Authors: Ayala David , Mazel-Gee Aaron , Rozenblyum Nick
Published: May 2024

We introduce a theory of stratifications of noncommutative stacks (i.e., presentable stable

∞
\infty

-categories), and we prove a reconstruction theorem that expresses them in terms of their strata and gluing data. This reconstruction theorem is compatible with symmetric monoidal structures, and with more general operadic structures such as

E

n

\mathbb {E}_n

-monoidal structures. We also provide a suite of fundamental operations for constructing new stratifications from old ones: restriction, pullback, quotient, pushforward, and refinement. Moreover, we establish a dual form of reconstruction; this is closely related to Verdier duality and reflection functors, and gives a categorification of Möbius inversion.

Our main application is to equivariant stable homotopy theory: for any compact Lie group

G
G

, we give a symmetric monoidal stratification of genuine

G
G

-spectra. In the case that

G
G

is finite, this expresses genuine

G
G

-spectra in terms of their geometric fixedpoints (as homotopy-equivariant spectra) and gluing data therebetween (which are given by proper Tate constructions).

We also prove an adelic reconstruction theorem; this applies not just to ordinary schemes but in the more general context of tensor-triangular geometry, where we obtain a symmetric monoidal stratification over the Balmer spectrum. We discuss the particular example of chromatic homotopy theory.
Introduction
Authors: Frie Roger
Published: May 2024

Reflecting on the contemporary growth of antisemitism and racial hatred, the author introduces the twentieth century public intellectual and psychoanalyst, Erich Fromm, who wrote extensively about the dangers of human destructiveness, racial narcissism and fascism. Yet until now, Fromm’s own family history of the Holocaust and the impact it had on him and his work has remained unexplored. The Holocaust correspondence in Fromm’s family is introduced and Fromm’s life as a German Jewish refugee who escaped Germany in 1934 is examined. The author brings his own German family history to bear and explains that the Nazi past obligates us to educate about the Holocaust and take a stand against right wing extremism. The author suggests that Fromm’s life and writings have much to teach us for the present moment.
Cultivating Love and Hope
Authors: Frie Roger
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the meanings inherent in Fromm’s elaborations on love and solidarity against the backdrop of war and genocide. It sheds light on the powerful parallels that exist between Fromm’s exploration of human connection and the letters that his aunts, Gertrud Brandt and Sophie Engländer, wrote shortly before their deportations and deaths. These ideas are expressed in Fromm’s best known work, The Art of Loving (1956), and in his belief that love is a necessary countervailing force to cruelty and destructiveness. It also draws on Fromm’s psychoanalytic writings, which are often overlooked and are the source from which much of his thinking about love and solidarity emerged. The book and the chapter conclude by considering the nature of one’s ethical obligation to others and the moral responsibilities that are associated with belonging to a perpetrator group or inheriting a perpetrator history. The chapter asks what can be learned from Fromm and the Holocaust correspondence when seeking to respond to the social and political crises, and the renewed threat of fascism in the modern age.
Invited commentary: mixing multiple imputation and bootstrapping for variance estimation
Authors: Li Catherine X , Zivich Paul N
Published: May 2024

Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly implemented to mitigate potential selection bias due to missing data. The accompanying article by Nguyen and Stuart (Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(10):1470-1476) examines the statistical consistency of several ways of integrating MI with propensity scores. As Nguyen and Stuart noted, variance estimation for these different approaches remains to be developed. One common option is the nonparametric bootstrap, which can provide valid inference when closed-form variance estimators are not available. However, there is no consensus on how to implement MI and nonparametric bootstrapping in analyses. To complement Nguyen and Stuart’s article on MI and propensity score analyses, we review some currently available approaches on variance estimation with MI and nonparametric bootstrapping.
Outdoor workers’ perceptions of skin cancer prevention: a qualitative study
Authors: Ward Jeanne , Hardin-Fanning Frances , LaJoie Andrew Scott , Harris Lesley , Simpson Anna
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Outdoor workers are at increased risk for skin cancer and melanoma. This qualitative study aimed to explore outdoor workers’ perspectives and experiences of primary (i.e. sun protection) and secondary prevention, i.e. skin self-examination (SSE) of skin cancer.

Methods

Purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling was used to recruit outdoor workers in Kentucky and Indiana. Semi-structured interviews via telephone or videoconference of approximately 45 min were conducted with interviewer probes and questions about perceptions of cancer risk, prevention, and screening techniques conducted, perceived barriers and facilitators, and preferences for health dissemination venues. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and de-identified. Analysis involved constructivist grounded theory coding strategies. Using peer debriefing and consensus building around themes, the researcher established a codebook for all interviews to utilize within Dedoose software for systematizing and organizing data.

Results

Eighteen interviews were conducted. Interviewees (N = 18) ranged in age from 35 to 78 yr, with 3 females. Outdoor industries included agriculture, maintenance, and grounds maintenance. Themes derived from the data showed the underlying factors and perceptions that influence outdoor workers to conduct primary and secondary cancer prevention activities. The level of alarm attributed to disease and the level of trust in information contribute to intentions to conduct activities. The intentions and trust toward healthcare institutions and providers drive the primary or secondary prevention behaviors. Cultural and contextual factors included masculinity and self-sufficiency, familial and occupational priorities, and community ties.

Conclusions

These data provide a basis for developing future communications and interventions to decrease skin cancer incidence in outdoor workers. They indicate that secondary prevention and building self-efficacy in conducting SSE should be emphasized in tandem or over primary skin cancer prevention methods in this population. Trusted local healthcare providers should primarily provide prevention information, and materials should utilize testimonials from the local community to best influence this population. Communications and training interventions are needed in this population to induce a proactive level of alarm about cancer and result in the performance of SSE.
FERREG: ferroptosis-based regulation of disease occurrence, progression and therapeutic response
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Chen Zhen , Yang Mengjie , Chen Fengyun , Yin Jiayi , Zhang Yintao , Zhou Xuheng , Sun Xiuna , Ni Ziheng , Chen Lu , Lv Qun , Zhu Feng , Liu Shuiping
Published: May 2024

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent regulatory form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In recent years, a large and growing body of literature has investigated ferroptosis. Since ferroptosis is associated with various physiological activities and regulated by a variety of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial activity, ferroptosis has been closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, including cancer, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia–reperfusion injury and other pathological cell death. The regulation of ferroptosis mainly focuses on three pathways: system Xc−/GPX4 axis, lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism. The genes involved in these processes were divided into driver, suppressor and marker. Importantly, small molecules or drugs that mediate the expression of these genes are often good treatments in the clinic. Herein, a newly developed database, named ‘FERREG’, is documented to (i) providing the data of ferroptosis-related regulation of diseases occurrence, progression and drug response; (ii) explicitly describing the molecular mechanisms underlying each regulation; and (iii) fully referencing the collected data by cross-linking them to available databases. Collectively, FERREG contains 51 targets, 718 regulators, 445 ferroptosis-related drugs and 158 ferroptosis-related disease responses. FERREG can be accessed at https://idrblab.org/ferreg/.
Genotype sampling for deep-learning assisted experimental mapping of a combinatorially complete fitness landscape
Authors: Wagner Andreas
Published: May 2024

Motivation

Experimental characterization of fitness landscapes, which map genotypes onto fitness, is important for both evolutionary biology and protein engineering. It faces a fundamental obstacle in the astronomical number of genotypes whose fitness needs to be measured for any one protein. Deep learning may help to predict the fitness of many genotypes from a smaller neural network training sample of genotypes with experimentally measured fitness. Here I use a recently published experimentally mapped fitness landscape of more than 260 000 protein genotypes to ask how such sampling is best performed.

Results

I show that multilayer perceptrons, recurrent neural networks, convolutional networks, and transformers, can explain more than 90% of fitness variance in the data. In addition, 90% of this performance is reached with a training sample comprising merely ≈103 sequences. Generalization to unseen test data is best when training data is sampled randomly and uniformly, or sampled to minimize the number of synonymous sequences. In contrast, sampling to maximize sequence diversity or codon usage bias reduces performance substantially. These observations hold for more than one network architecture. Simple sampling strategies may perform best when training deep learning neural networks to map fitness landscapes from experimental data.

Availability and implementation

The fitness landscape data analyzed here is publicly available as described previously (Papkou et al. 2023). All code used to analyze this landscape is publicly available at https://github.com/andreas-wagner-uzh/fitness_landscape_sampling
Dine and dash: how trophic ecology and migration shape functional locomotory traits in clupeiform fishes
Authors: Finnegan Darby L , Egan Joshua P , Bloom Devin D
Published: May 2024

Understanding how interactions between multiple selective forces influence traits at the macroevolutionary scale is key to understanding adaptive landscapes. Diadromy, an extreme form of migration between marine and freshwater environments, is thought to require locomotory traits conducive to long-distance migration. Yet, other selective forces, such as predator avoidance, habitat use, and prey acquisition, are also likely to shape locomotory adaptation in fishes. We examined how diadromy and trophic ecology together influenced locomotory trait diversity across Clupeiformes, a clade of fishes containing high trophic diversity and numerous transitions to diadromy. We found that both diadromy and trophic ecology influenced the pattern and pace of trait evolution. Diadromous taxa rapidly evolved traits characterized by high cruising efficiency, but the extent to which diadromous and non-diadromous taxa differed depended on their trophic ecology. Macropredators showed greater differences in locomotory traits between diadromous and non-diadromous taxa than phytodetritivores and micropredators, suggesting that traits conducive to migration might be most costly to consumers of evasive prey. This work shows that simultaneously characterizing the roles of multiple ecological or life-history factors in phenotypic evolution can bring the topography of adaptive landscapes into sharper focus and provide a more holistic view of the forces driving patterns of trait evolution.
LncRNA UCA1 promotes vasculogenic mimicry by targeting miR-1-3p in gastric cancer
Authors: Lu Yida , Yang Bo , Shen Aolin , Yu Kexun , Ma MengDi , Li Yongxiang , Wang Huizhen
Published: May 2024

Long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) has been implicated in several tumors. UCA1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer (GC) cells, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study revealed the oncogenic effects of UCA1 on cell growth and invasion. Furthermore, UCA1 expression was significantly correlated with the overall survival of GC patients, and the clinicopathological indicators, including tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Additionally, miR-1-3p was identified as a downstream target of UCA1, which was negatively regulated by UCA1. MiR-1-3p inhibited cell proliferation and vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and induced cell apoptosis by upregulating BAX, BAD, and tumor suppressor TP53 expression levels. Moreover, miR-1-3p almost completely reversed the oncogenic effect caused by UCA1, including cell growth, migration, and VM formation. This study also confirmed that UCA1 promoted tumor growth in vivo. In this study, we also revealed the correlation between UCA1 and VM formation, which is potentially crucial for tumor metastasis. Meanwhile, its downstream target miR-1-3p inhibited VM formation in GC cells. In summary, these findings indicate that the UCA1/miR-1-3p axis is a potential target for GC treatment.