bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARTISIPASI SOSIAL DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH (SEBUAH TINJAUAN KONSEP)
Authors: Hermansyah Hermansyah
Published: July 2020

Dimensi nilai Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan merupakan salah satu elemen yang urgen dan mutlak yang dibutuhkan terhadap proses pembangunan. Pandangan dewasa ini dimana Paradigma pembangunan yang kini telah menempatkan manusia dan masyarakat sebagai pusat pergerakan social dalam pembangunan yang tidak hanya memandang masyarakat sebagai objek tetapi juga sebagai subjek pembangunan. Salah satu bentuk munculnya pelibatan dan atau pemberdayaan sosial dimana Partisipasi sosial (social participation) ditempatkan sebagai penerima layanan manfaat kebijakan semata , namun pada prinsipnya bahwa dalam proses pembangunan dimana konsultasi atau pengambilan keputusan dalam semua tahapan siklus proyek pembangunan mulai dari evaluasi kebutuhan sampai penilaian, pemantauan, evaluasi dan implementasi pelibatan masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan.Partisipasi sosial sebenarnya dilakukan untuk memperkuat proses pembangunan dan upaya mempermudah mobilisasi sosial. Dengan prinsip lain , bahwa tujuan dari proses parisipasi sosial sebenarnya bukanlah pada permusan kebijakan publik itu sendiri melainkan pada keterlibatan komunitas dalam dunia kebijakan publik lebih diarahkan sebagai wahana pembelajaran dan mobilisasi sosial atau dengan istislah partisipasi sosial.
MODEL COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA PETERNAKAN ITIK DI KABUPATEN SIDRAP
Authors: Admin Admin , Abdul Jabbar A. Lukman
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode deskriptif kualitatif. data yang dikumpulkan melalui hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi diuji keabsahan melalui triangulasi data sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan penelitian.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berbagai phenomena dalam proses kolaborasi terhadap pengembangan usaha ternak itik di Desa Kanie.  Kondisi, peternakan di desa kanie yang masih bersipat tradisional, belum ada kebijakan yang mengatur tentang wilayah kekuasaan para peternak. Sedangkan berdasarkan Desain Kelembagaan, pemerintah desa Bersama dengan masyarakat serta pelibatan pihak luar (swasta) belum terjadi, pemerintah desa belum melakukan langkah kolaboratif guna memotivasi pengembangan usaha ternak itik di desa Kanie.
KINERJA KOMITE PEMANTAU LEGISLATIF (KOPEL) DALAM MELAKUKAN PENGAWASAN TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN FUNGSI DPRD KABUPATEN SINJAI
Authors: Admin Admin , Tahir Supratman
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sinjai dengan objek penelitian yaitu Komite Pemantau Legislatif Sinjai dengan tujuan untuk mengetahuikinerja Komite Pemantau Legislatif (KOPEL) dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan fungsi DPRD Kabupaten Sinjai.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif yakni hasil penelitian yang diperoleh berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati melalui proses wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, yaitu penelitian yang menggambarkan secara jelas kinerja Komite Pemantau Legislatif (KOPEL) dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan fungsi DPRD Kabupaten Sinjai.Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari koleksi data, reduksi data, verifikasi dan penarikan kesimpulan.

Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dari segi Kemampuan (Skill) dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsi DPRD Kabupaten Sinjai cukup baik hal tersebut terlihat dari kemapuan anggota Kopel Sinjai dalam melakukan tugas pemantauan cukup memahami tugas dan tanggunggjawabnya karena telah dibekali dengan pengalaman selama mengikuti proses magang selama 2 bulan selain itu anggota Kopel Sinjai juga telah melaksanakan tugas sesuai dengan yang diperintahkan oleh pimpinan. Mengenai loyalitas anggota maupun pengurus Komite Pemantau Legislatif Kabupaten Sinjai juga cukup baik hal tersebut terlihat dari sikap penerimaan anggota terhadap pekerjaannya serta kesanggupan dan kepatuhan dalam melaksanakan setiap pekerjaan dengan baik sedangkan dari segitanggungjawab  yang dimiliki setiap anggota telah mengetahui tugas dan tanggungjawabnya yang diberikan sebagaiman telah diatur dalam struktur organisasi yang dijabarkan dalam uraian tugas dan tanggungjawab masing-masing. Setiap anggota maupun pengurus memiliki tanggungjawab terhadap pekerjaan yang dibebankan serta mampu menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan waktu yang ditetapkan. Imbalan/Gajidalam menjalankan tugas pemantauan, Komite Pemantau Legislatif Sinjai tidak mengenal melainkan pemberian kompensasi atau honor program yang diambil dari hasil investasi atau dana saving. Untuk menunjang efektifitas organisasi setiap anggota dibekali dengan modal pengabdian serta doktrin organisasi sehingga setiap anggota tetap memiliki semangat kerja dengan perinsip gerakan yang mereka miliki.
Estado de los bosques de Araucaria angustifolia: especie nativa en peligro crítico
Authors: Luna Claudia V. , Fontana María L.
Published: July 2020

La familia Araucariaceae está representada en Argentina por el género Araucaria. Araucaria angustifolia es una especie que a pesar de poseer superioridad en cuanto a magnitud respecto a otros árboles con los que compite; por su estado de conservación es considerada en peligro crítico de extinción. En este trabajo se expone de qué manera esta especie ha sido explotada por su madera y la expansión agrícola. Es porello que este artículo describe el estado del arte de este recurso haciendo énfasis en la importancia desde el punto de vista maderable como así también su utilidad, estado de conservación del recurso y recursos genéticos disponibles, ya que solo a través del conocimiento del patrimonio que poseemos es posible implementar acciones para su conservación, protección e integración de las comunidades locales en dichas actividades.

AbstractThe Araucariaceae family in Argentina is represented by the genus Araucaria. Araucaria angustifolia is a species despite having superiority in magnitude over other trees with which it competes; his condition is considered critically endangered. In the context of this work we propose how this species has been exploited for its timber and agricultural expansion. That is why this paper describes the state of art of this resourceemphasizing the importance from the point of view timber as well as its utility, state resource conservation and genetic resources, since only through knowledge of heritage we possess is possible to implement actions for conservation, protection and integration of local communities in such activities.
EFFECT OF SADYOVAMANA IN THE TREATMENT OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sreekumar Karunakaran*  , Jayalakshmi.S
Published: July 2020

CSR is a challenging disease to understand and treat, since its pathogenesis remains elusive and multifactorial. CSR is an idiopathic disorder characterised by a localised serous detachment of sensory retina at the macula secondary to leakage from the choriocapillaries through one or more hyperpermeable RPE sites. In Ayurvedic literature, all the conditions which cause impairment of vision are included under Timiraroga. The present case CSCR, can be included under Sannipathikatimira. The treatment procedure Vamana is contraindicated in Timira but CSR is a disease in which excessive accumulation of serous fluid. So, it can be considered as Ekamgajasopha. The first line of treatment of Sopha is Apatarpana. Vamana is one of the Apatarpana procedures. So, Vamana can be incorporated in CSR.
Management of CSR usually involves the use of laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy with verteporfin and anti VEGF agents in case of choroidal neovascularization related to CSR. As per Ayurvedic classics this condition can be included under Timiraroga. This article describes a case report of 47 years old male patient presented with CSR. In present study, Sadyovamana is found very effective to improve his visual acuity. OCT studies showed almost total absorption of subretinal fluid after treatment.
CLINICAL STUDY OF LAGHUPANCHMOOLA SADHIT COW’S MILK IN COW’S MILK PROTEIN ALLERGY
Authors: Sujata Sharma  , Avdesh Dangwal  , Reena Pandey  , N. Sujatha
Published: July 2020

In Ayurveda classics it is pointed out that cow’s milk have Vamaka, Virechaka, Sarama and Abhisyandi properties. In classics, it has been mentioned that cow milk should always be processed with Laghupanchmoola before it is consumed.

Aims and Objectives of the study: To study Aetiopathogensis of cow milk protein allergy and to evaluate the efficacy of Laghupanchmoola sadhit cow milk in CMPA.

Material & Methods: To fulfill the above Aims and Objectives: Total 35 patients were selected between the age group of 0-3 years of age with symptoms of CMPA. Hb%, complete history and elimination-challenge test were used for evaluation of the patients. Laghupanchmoola granules dose depend upon age and duration of trial was 60 days.

Results: After analyzing the data statistically in 30 patients, statistically highly significant improvements were found in diarrhea, abdominal pain, respiratory difficulty and vomiting. Significant improvements were found in dermatitis. No improvement was found in anemia and nausea. Statistically highly significant improvement was found in weight, height, mid arm circumference, chest circumference and head circumference. After full observation of treatment modules, it was found that: Number of patient with complete improvement was 0, Number of patient unchanged was 2 (6.5%), Mild improvement was observed in 05 patients (16.6%), and Moderate improvement was observed in 21 patients (70%), where marked improvement was observed in 2 patients (6.7%).

Conclusion: Laghupanchmoola proved quite effective in managing the patients of CMPA due to its Tridoṣahar, Deepana, Aamdoshanasaka, Balya and Brahmanna properties.
STANDARDIZATION OF VARNYA DRAVYA (COMPLEXION PROMOTERS) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO YASHTIMADHU AND MANJISHTA CHURNA – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
Authors: Divya Nagari N  , Nagendraiah D N  , Yogitha Bali M.R
Published: July 2020

Standardization of drugs refers to the confirmation of its identity and determination of the quality and purity. Herbal drug technology is used for converting botanical materials into medicines, where standardization and quality control with proper integration of modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge are important. However, the quality control and quality assurance still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. Most of the pharmaceutical industries are using substitute drugs in place of authentic drugs. So to manufacture and deliver the best quality drugs, it is essential to authenticate the raw drugs. Keeping the current inclination in mind, Varnyadravya or the complexion promoting drugs such as Yashtimadhu (Glycirrhizia glabra) and Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia) churna were subjected for standardization procedures. From the current study, genuinity indicating parameters for both Yashtimadhu churna (powder) and Manjishthachurna were derived.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF TRISHNAHARA (THIRST RELIEVING) PROPERTY OF TAKRABHEDA (BUTTERMILK) MENTIONED IN BHAVAPRAKASHA IN GREESHMARITU
Authors: Amritha MS  , Santhosh C  , N.Manojkumar
Published: July 2020

Takra is one of the important Paniya (drinks) in Indian culture. It is common drink used abundantly especially during the summer season. The main reason for its ample usage as a drink during summer might be the sudden relief it provides to the thirst and fatigue due to extreme heat. Literature review on the Ayurvedic concept of Takra shows it possesses Ushna Veerya and Amla Vipaka, which in turn increases the Pitta inside the body and will leads to thirst rather than decreasing thirst especially in Greehma Ritu. Thus, there exist a paradox in the literature and practice. Thus a study was conducted to find out the Trishnahara property of Takrabheda in Greeshma Ritu.
In the experiment total intake of water by each group after administering specific variety of buttermilk were calculated. The study was conducted during Greeshmaritu in wistar albino rats. Numbers of groups were six which included Ghola, Matita, Takra, Udasvit Caccika and Control. statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Dunnet multiple comparison as post hoc test, if p<0.05 using graph pad instant software and by ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer as post hoc test, if p<0.05 using graph pad instant software.
It is concluded that Takrabheda is not having Trishnahara property when compared with the control group in Greeshma Ritu because of its Ushna, Ruksha Guna of Takrabheda. But in Vasanta Ritu, Acarya advised the intake of Dipana, Laghu and Ruksha Ahara. So, Takra can be an effective Paniya during Vasanta Rithu.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL ON IMMUNOMODULATION AND BATTLE AGAINST COVID-19: AN EVIDENCE BASED PREVENTIVE AYURVEDIC APPROACH
Authors: Masand Sameet  , Thakur Jyotsna
Published: July 2020

The emergence of SARSCOV-2 has been noticed as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic corona virus into the human population after SARS-COV and MERV-COV in 21st century. It has posed a horrible situation that warrants urgent global attention due to the emergence of more virulent viral strain, predicted future viral mutations, prohibitive cost of available drugs, time lag between vaccine development and mass causalities occurring all over the world. Although specific antiviral vaccine is the effective solution but a potent and comprehensive immune response to maintain homeostasis is also critical for prophylactic as well as therapeutic management of the disease. Amidst all the gloom spread due to this outbreak, everyone is focusing on preventive measures until an effective vaccine is developed. Ayurveda- An holistic science offers a plethora of preventive therapies to enhance body’s resistance against infections. It is evident that nutritional and herbal approaches taken together provide potent tools for controlling an array of viral infections and have been effectively used by humans all over the world since ages during such outbreaks. Ayurveda and yoga have great potential for embracing the world in creating a more positive health abode. Herbs exhibit a diverse array of biological activities and can be effectively harnessed for managing this pandemic. This review portrays an eclectic overview for the preventive management of COVID-19 pandemic covering the dietary, lifestyle and herbal evidence based approaches that may be most likely helpful in managing the current pandemic scenario and also strengthens our body to cope-up with the next pandemic that might appear in not too distant future.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PURVA KARMA PRIOR TO NASYA W.S.R. SNEHA NASYA
Authors: Divya Virupaksha  , Krishnan N  , Ajoy Viswam  , Naveen B. S
Published: July 2020

Ayurveda Panchakarmas are an all-time big name for both Ayurveda doctors and patients. Their efficacy of targeting the body holistically and evacuating toxins, thereby, addressing most of the problems of an individual makes it a hit. This paper aims at estimating the contribution of Purva Karma (procedures prior to instillation of medicine) in the outcome, especially in the context of Sneha Nasya (instillation of unctuous medicine). Nasal route of administration may help address the hitches accompanying to poor bioavailability, slow absorption, drug degradation, and possible adverse events in the gastro intestinal tract and avoids the first-pass metabolism in the liver. However, when considering nasal delivery, appropriate measures need to be taken to address the limitations of drug delivery in this region. Purva Karma starts with drug preparation and ends with stage of instillation of medicine (8 check points). The role of each of them on overcoming the limitations and delivering the results is reviewed.
ANTI ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF HERBO MINERAL SIDDHA PREPARATION ARUMUGA CHENDURAM AGAINST TYPE II COLLAGEN INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: M. Ramamurthy  , V. Thanigavelan  , S. Elansekaran  , V. Srinivasan  , P. Shanmugapriya  , G.J. Christian
Published: July 2020

Siddha system of medicine is the eternal science of life. It is a system that has its extensive bonding with Dravidian culture, language and beliefs. The system of medicine mostly prevailed and prospered in the regions of Dravidian cultures by the great Siddhars. It’s unique as one only than other AYUSH traditional systems of medicine across India with its distinctive abundant usage of medicinal plants, metals, minerals and animal products. Siddhars used the steps of Alchemy to prepare various medicines from metallic and mineral origin for attainment elixir and various rare diseases. Siddha medicine is classified into 32 types of internal and external medicine each. Among the 32 types of internal medicine Chendhuram is a medicine shelf life of 75 years usually from herbo-mineral combinations. Arumuga Chendhuram (ARC) is a herbo-mineral formulation cited in Siddha literature ‘Siddha Vaithiya Thirattu’. ARC was orally administered at higher dose 2gm/kg to the Wistar Albino rats in acute toxicity study and during 28 days of repeated (sub acute) toxicity study, at daily doses of 12, 24 & 48mg/kg of body weight to the Wistar Albino rats. Type II collagen arthritis is another model for developing autoimmune arthritis. The immune pathogenesis mediated by T cell and B cell response to collagen. By this model, nearly 100% arthritis can be achieved. In our study, ARC after 42 days treatment reduced the arthritic swelling significantly and degree of inflammation evident to act against auto immune disorder.
INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF LIVER AS A PART OF HAYAT AL AZA (MORPHOLOGY) IN THE FORMATION OF TEMPERAMENT IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Authors: Sameena Firdaus Simmy  , Ferasat Ali  , Mohd Mohsin
Published: July 2020

Temperament occupies an important place in Unani Medicine and forms the basis of pathology, diagnosis and treatment. This concept was originally introduced by Hippocrates (460-370 BC) in which he stated that “It is more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has”. Ibn Sina says “Allah most beneficent has furnished every one and each of its member with a temperament which is entirely the most appropriate and best adopted for the performance of its functions and passive state”. Human interest in the liver is as old as the science of medicine. Since time immemorial it has been considered as one of the vital organs of a human body. It was during the Greco-Arabian period of medical history that the intimate relationship between the liver and the health of the individual was established. Considering liver as an important and essential organ, Hippocrates (460-377 BC) says “if we live a good life, it is because of the health of our liver” (Ibn-e-Zohr, 1989). Galen (131-210AD) believed that liver retained a dominant role as the “seat of sanguification and the source of veins”. According to Avicenna- “Physicians regard the liver as the seat of manufacture of the dense part of the humours” (Grunner, 1930). Avicenna further writes- “Liver is a large factory where due to digestive and metabolic changes, the various humours of the body are formed in plenty (Kabiruddin, 1947). According to Unani Physicians, humours play an important and deciding role in the creation of human temperament. Therefore it can be revealed that liver is an important metabolic organ, which plays an important role in the formation of temperament of a person.
NON PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF OSMF- A REVIEW
Authors: Nandita Gautam  , Shivalingesh KK  , Satyaki Verma
Published: July 2020

Ancient medicine used herbs, for their medicinal purposes and theraeutic benefits. Herbs became important in the global context today, because they offer solutions to the various concerns faced by mankind. Herbal extracts have been proven effective because they interact within the body with the special chemical receptors. Nevertheless as such herbal medicinal products were part of human evolutionary cycle substituted with allopathic preparations. In the last few years because of usage of antimicrobials and antifungals drugs, many organisms with apparent side have gained resistance with negative consequences. Late resurgence towards herbal medicines is therefore on the horizon rise. The following manuscript sheds light on the various organic materials possible remedies for treating oral mucosal lesions. The study is to review the non-pharmacological therapies in the management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY OF CHANDRASHOORPAYAS (GARDEN CRESS SEED PORRIDGE) AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT FOR LACTATING MOTHERS
Authors: Medha S.Kulkarni  , Shital Pise
Published: July 2020

In India many dietary supplements are given to lactating mothers for sustained and ample milk to nourish their baby. Chandrashoora Payas (Garden cress seeds porridge) is one such recipe given to nursing mothers to increase lactation. Objective: This study is planned to assess the role of Chandrashoor Payas as a dietary supplement in lactation deficiency (Stanyakshaya), taking control group of Shatavari Powder and milk to ascertain which is better. Shatavari powder is taken as a control group since it is a clinically proven galactagogue medicine in Ayurveda. Material and Methods: Total 64 lactating mothers diagnosed with lactation deficiency were screened for clinical trial, out of which 60 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the trial. Selected patients were divided randomly in two groups by a simple random method. Study group was administered Chandrashoora Payas 100ml in morning; and the control group was with 5gm Shatavari powder with 100ml milk for 45 days. Follow up visit was on every 15th day. Estimation of milk production and infant weight gain were assessed by comparing difference in grades.

Observations and Results: Study revealed that both Chandrashoorapayas and Shatavari and milk produced significant improvement p< 0.001 in most of the variables and were comparable in reliving all the symptoms of lactation deficiency. On comparison both the drugs show similar effect.

Conclusion: No adverse effects were observed in the trial group, as safety parameters were within normal limit during the study and overall compliance to the treatment was good. Both the interventions were comprehensively effective in management of lack of lactation. Chandrashoorapayas is a dietary supplement which gives similar results as Shatvari which is a medicine.
A REVIEW ON STHAULYA (OBESITY) AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH AYURVEDA
Authors: Ankita  , Shikha Chaudhary  , Gunjan Sabarwal  , Shivakumar S. Harti  , Medha Kulkarni
Published: July 2020

Although man has developed sophisticated machines, medical equipment and potent medicines, in spite of all these upgrade, he is lacking proper health. In a quest to achieve more of worldly pleasures and luxury, people are adopting a faulty lifestyle and the disease-causing risk factors and stress in their life are on increase mode. This is the fundamental reason being surge of lifestyle disorders these days. Where obesity is main and root cause of many other lifestyle disorder. A detail description of obesity by name of Sthaulya found in Ayurvedic literature but the material is Scatter and different opinion by different Acharya were there. Ayurveda manage the disorder in a holistic approach with Diet, Lifestyle, medication and Sodhanakarma. So, in present study detail review of Sthaulya with the aim to enlighten the different treatment approaches for the management of Sthaulya (Obesity).
A CASE REPORT ON CHARMADAL THROUGH PANCHAKARMA W.S.R. TO ECZEMA
Authors: Parwati  , Kavita  , Swarnakant jena  , Santosh Kumar Bhatted  , Prasanth Dharmarajan
Published: July 2020

Charmadal is a type of Kshudrakushta characterized with symptoms such as redness, itching, pustules, pain and cracks in the skin and tenderness. Most of the symptoms of Eczema can be correlated with Charmadal as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. A diagnosed case of Eczema came with chief complaints of red patches on skin associated with severe itching, burning and dryness over different body parts (on face, neck, upper arm) since 4 years with complaint of oozing of blood from the patches after itching. No satisfactory treatment is present except topical steroids, but in Ayurveda text line of treatment for Charmadal is present i.e., Virechana Karma”. Before giving Virechana treatment SCORAD (Scoring atopic dermatitis) was 26.55% and after follow up SCORAD 86.05%. Before Virechana treatment DLQI was 25% (extremely large effect on patient’s life) and after follow up DLQI was 4% (small effect on patient life). The results of the study showed that when Virechana Karma was performed, it increased the efficacy of oral Ayurveda medicines in the patient of Charmadal. Virechana improved the condition of patient to very much extent.
EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF SHASHTIK-SHALI PINDA SWEDA AND ABHYANGA IN MANAGEMENT OF PAKSHAGHATA ALONG WITH VIRECHANA W.S.R. TO HEMIPLEGIA
Authors: Nisha Singh  , Sriyash Dubey
Published: July 2020

Body is assembled by Vata Pitta and Kapha Dosha each assigned to do its Kshaya, Poshana and Dharana Karma. Vata dominates both because of its Yogavahi Guna. Pakshaghata is one of the grievous Vata Vyadhi in Ayurveda. Sansarga of other Dosha and Dhatu leads to involvement of Shodhana and Shaman Chikitsa. Snehana therapy, Bahya and Abhyantar are well known for its treatment in Vata Vyadhi. Inclination towards modernization and deviation from basic healthy life make the body vulnerable for disease especially Vata Vyadhi. We know Vata Vyadhi are fulminate in nature but early diagnosis with the help of investigation tools like CT scan, MRI etc; we can prevent from further damage caused by previous pathology. Sansarga of other Dosha and Dhatu leads to involvement of Shodhana and Shaman Chikitsa. In terms of treatment Virechana had been mentioned as Shodhana Chikitsa in our Samhita.

Here an attempt was made to apply Virechana treatment with two different Poorva karma and to evaluate the efficacy with an applied aspect. The study had been conducted on 30 patients of Pakshaghata (Hemiplegia) who were divided in two groups and were given below treatments nearly for 1 month. Group A: Virechana followed by Shashtik-Shali Pindasweda. Group B: Virechana followed by Abhyanga. It was observed that both groups are effective in Ruja, Gauravta and Cheshtanivriti in the management of Pakshaghata (Hemiplegia) but Group A is more effective in comparison to Group B.
QUALITY CHARACTERIZATION OF MADHUYASHTI GHRITA
Authors: Meda Mruthyumjaya Rao  , P. Hemant Kumar  , Purnendu Panda  , Sangeeta Mukhi  , Anindya Bose
Published: July 2020

Madhuyashti Ghrita, is an Ayurvedic medicated ghee preparation containing Yashtimadhu. It is used for treating external ulcers and wounds in vital points of the body. However, there is no quality monograph available for Madhuyashti Ghrita. Hence, the present work was carried out to characterize this Ghrita to confirm its identity, quality and purity. This work reported various pharmacognostic and physicochemical parameters of Madhuyashti Ghrita along with its TLC based rapid fingerprinting as per the present standards of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Moreover, the presence of toxic contaminants like heavy metals, and microbial load were also evaluated. In organoleptic evaluation, the Ghrita was found to be semi–solid and dark yellow in colour, sweet and bitter in taste with a characteristic and pleasant odour. The values of the physicochemical parameters such as acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index, rancidity and pH value of the Ghrita were also assed. In the microscopical analysis of the rhizomes of Yashtimadhu, the presence of pitted vessels, fibres, prismatic crystals and starch grains were noted as a confirmation characteristic for the genuinely of this raw material in Madhuyashti Ghrita. The amount of heavy metals such arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and chromium as well as total bacterial count and total fungal count were found to be much below their API limits. The TLC showed different characteristic spots indicating the presence of Yashtimadhu in this product. The parameters of Madhuyashti Ghrita presented in this paper may be utilized for preparing a quality monograph for this product.
THE CONCEPT OF IMMUNOMODULATION IN AYURVEDA W.S.R. TO ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PREVENTING EMERGING INFECTIONS LIKE COVID 2019
Authors: Sinimol. T.P  , Emy S Surendran  , Soumya M C
Published: July 2020

Ayurveda is one of the most renowned traditional systems of medicine that has survived and flourished from ages till date. The two basic aims of Ayurvedic science is to maintain the health of healthy person and curing the ill health of the diseased. Here is a comprehensive review of the Ayurvedic classical texts, to understand the Ayurvedic perspectives of immunomodulation w.s.r. to its significance in preventing emerging infections like COVID 2019 pandemic. Background: The review is prepared based on the Ayurvedic perspectives and practices of immunity described in various classical Ayurvedic text books like Brhitrayis, Laghutrayis, their commentaries and published research articles. Review Results: Ayurveda enlists various enhancers of immunity, which include Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), proper diet, exercise, specific foods like milk, Rasayanas like Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), meditation, Yoga-pranayama, Achara Rasayana (good conduct of behaviour). The concept of Vyaadhiksamatva is not merely immunity against a specific infectious agent or disease like the concept of modern medicine. Rather, it denotes resistance against the loss of integrity, proportion and inter-relationship amongst the individual’s Doshas (biohumours) and Dhatus (tissues), which can be increased by various methods mentioned in Ayurveda. Conclusion: New infections are emerging which are not manageable by conventional medicine like the COVID 2019 pandemic. Soit is high time to educate people about the valuable teachings on leading a healthy and subsequently a happier life with the help of the immunomodulatory techniques described in Ayurveda.
Kewajiban Adanya Kepemimpinan Politik dalam Perspektif Fikih
Authors: Muthohar Yasin
Published: July 2020

Islam merupakan Din yang Allah turunkan mengatur segala aspek kehidupan manusia, dengan seperangkat aturan yang agung dan paripurna, mencakup perkara akidah maupun hukum syari’ah. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif dan disusun dengan maksud untuk mengkaji fakta politik Rasulullan dan Khulafaurrasyidin, bagaimana islam yang merupakan sebuah kepemimpinan yang harus ditegakkan. Oleh karena itu, dapat kita saksikan bahwa Khilafah, terang benderang sebagai bagian dari ajaran Islam yang mulia, memuliakan mereka yang mengemban dan memperjuangkannya seterang mentari terbit tak terhalang awan bagi ia yang teguh meniti jalan Rasul-Nya. Secara praktis, penegakan konsep khas kepemimpinan Islam ini sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh sunnah Rasulullah Saw, ‎yang menegakkan institusi politik Islam berpusat di Madinah al-Munawwarah, diteruskan oleh ‎para sahabat al-khulafâ’ al-râsyidûn pada periode yang disebut Rasulullah Saw dalam hadits hasan riwayat Imam Ahmad, sebagai periode al-khilâfah ’alâ minhâj ‎al-nubuwwah. Ditegaskan para ulama dalam turats mereka yang menguraikan kewajiban ‎menegakkan institusi Khilafah ini dalam kehidupan, sebagai ajaran Rasulullah Saw dan disepakati para sahabat dengan konsensus (ijma’) mereka.
URGENSI PERUBAHAN POLA PIKIR DALAM MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN BERMUTU
Authors: Kodrat Dr. Denny
Published: July 2020

Harapan untuk menghasilkan keluaran yang bermutu sesuai dengan keinginan masyarakat merupakan dambaan semua pihak. Institusi pendidikan seiring dengan tantangan dan persaingan global berlomba untuk memberikan nilai tambah dari lulusan yang dibinanya dan memberikan pengaruh positif (outcome) terhadap kemajuan peradaban masyarakat. Berturut-turut pendidikan Indonesia belum dapat berbicara banyak dalam kompetisi regional dan internasional sebagaimana rilis PISA. Begitu pula guru sebagai ujung tombak dalam pelayanan pendidikan dipandang belum memiliki kompetensi yang memadai untuk memberikan pelayanan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tuntutan jaman. Pengguliran konsep pendidikan abad 21 dipandang menjadi jalan keluar (way out) dalam mengakomodasi potensi pembelajar yang adaptif dengan perubahan dan digital. Keterampilan dalam berpikir kritis, kolaborasi serta penajaman kemampuan literasi diharapkan mampu meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Tentu saja perubahan pola pikir (mindset) terhadap hakikat pendidikan menjadi prasyarat mutlak dalam upaya menghadirkan pendidikan bermutu di tengah masyarakat.

Hope for creating a qualified outcome which meets people need is every person expectation. Educational institution in the era of global competition attempts to give added values and positive outcome towards its graduation in enhancing civilization. Education of Indonesia has not got achievement in regional and international competition as PISA released. At the same time, a teacher as a front liner in giving educational service is regarded not to have an adequate qualification in up to date teaching activity. The concept of education in the 21 century is considered as a way out in accommodating a learner which is adaptive with a change and digital. Skills in critical thinking, collaboration, and shaping literacy competence are expected to improve the quality of education. The change of mindset towards the nature of education is an important requirement in presenting a good education in society.
Negara Modern, dan Utopia Negara Khilafah(?)
Authors: Setiawan Tomi , Risnandar Asep
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini merupakan suatu studi literatur atas konsep khilafah dengan mengkontekstualisasikan pada perkembangan negara modern. Konsep negara modern seperti yang sering dijadikan rujukan para akademisi saat ini lebih sering menggunakan konsepsi yang dibangun dalam peradaban barat terhadap proses bernegara. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan naskah ini adalah studi literatur. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa meski terdapat perbedaan yang fundamental antara khilafah dan negara modern, akan tetapi secara konseptual khilafah mencerminkan tatanan kenegaraan yang juga terbingkai oleh konsep negara modern. Kemudian, fondasi epistemologi yang berteologi tampak dengan jelas pada QS 24:55 bahwa kehilafahan akan diberikan kepada kaum muslim dengan melandaskan pada kedaulatan Tuhan. Dalam praktik ketatanegaraan khilafah sesungguhnya terbingkai dalam konsepsi negara modern saat ini. Sedikit yang membedakan tetapi fundamental adalah, bahwa khilafah sepenuhnya mendasarkan tatanan kenegaraannya pada pijakan kebenaran teologis. Dan pada kesimpulannya dapat dinyatakan bahwa, konsepsi khilafah dalam kajian kontemporer bukanlah sesuatu yang utopis. Kemudian konsepsi khilafah yang mendasarkan pada peradaban islam harus terus diwacanakan untuk menantang negara modern yang mengacu pada peradaban barat yang selama ini lebih sering dijadikan rujukan para akademisi kontemporer.

This paper is a literature study of the concept of khilafah by contextualizing the development of a modern state. The concept of a modern state as often used as a reference for academics today more often uses the conception that was built in western civilization towards the process of the state. The method used in writing this script is the literature study. The results of the study show that although there are fundamental differences between the khilafah and the modern state, conceptually khilafah reflects the state order which is also framed by the concept of a modern state. Then, the epistemological foundation that has theology appears clearly in Quran Surah 24:55 that morality will be given to Muslims based on God's sovereignty. In the practice of khilafah constitutionalism is actually framed in the conception of the modern state today. A little that distinguishes but is fundamental is that khilafah fully bases its state order on the foundation of theological truth. And in its conclusion it can be stated that, the concept of khilafah in contemporary studies is not something utopian. Then the concept of khilafah based on Islamic civilization must continue to be discourse to challenge the modern state which refers to western civilization which has been used as a reference for contemporary academics.
Upper respiratory tract infection and otitis media are clinically and microbiologically associated
Authors: Hassooni Hanan Raheem , Fadhil Samih Faiq , Hameed Raed M. , Alhusseiny Adil Hassan , Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Background: Although significant improvement has been achieved in terms of antibiotic care, otitis media (OM) continues to be a worldwide health problem that may develop serious complications. This study aimed to detect the growth of organisms and to find out the most susceptible factors related to OM among the Iraqi population.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the out-patient department (OPD) of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) at the Baquba teaching hospital at the Faculty of medicine, Diyala University from November 2017 to March 2018. A total of 300 ear samples collected from 87 (29.0%) patients of acute otitis media (AOM), 104 (34.7%) patients of otitis media with effusion (OME), and 109 (36.3%) patients of chronic otitis media (COM). Standard microbiological procedures were recruited to investigate the samples using aerobic and anaerobic culture methods.

Results: The highest incidence of OM 218 (72.7%) was observed among the age group of fewer than ten years old. The most common bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (25.0%), Proteus spp. (24.0%), Escherichia coli (7.0%), Streptococcus pneumonia (6.0%), Klebsiella pneumonia (2.0%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (1.0%). It was found that upper respiratory infection (URTI), adenoid inflammation with (URTI), adenoid inflammation, the practices of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the accident or trauma are the main factors related to OM in about (42.0%), (31.0%), (11.0%), (10.0%) and (6.0%) of cases respectively.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that OM was effectively related to URTI and adenoid inflammation with (URTI) in about 73.0% of cases. More attention should be given to early diagnosis and treatment of URTI before progressing to undesirable OM.
Workplace violence against medical students- A Turkish perspective
Authors: Ince Alperen , Torun Perihan , Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Background: Workplace violence against healthcare providers including the medical students being an important issue all over the world. The aim of this study is to survey the medical students about exposure to workplace violence (WPV) while they are doing their medical training in private tertiary hospitals.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among all medical students (4th, 5th, and 6th class) attending a teaching hospital at Bezmialem Vakif University (BVU), Istanbul, Turkey. A total of 150 students in the 2017-2018 academic year were recruited in this study. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire through a face to face interview. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

Results: About one-third of the surveyed students (54, 36.0%) exposed to violence and 71.3% of them witnessed incidents of violence against healthcare providers at the workplace. The prevalence of physical violence and verbal abuse among medical students was reported at 5.5% and 92.6% respectively. About 81.5% were females compared to 18.5% of their counterparts. Patients (38.9%) and their relatives (61.1%) were the main sources of the violence respectively. More than half (57.0%) of students exposed to violence at outpatient services and 25.9% at the emergency room and 16.7% at inpatient wards. Few of them (22, 14.7%) thought that they will get support if they make a complaint.

Conclusion: Being a medical student and has direct contact with patients and their relative is not always safe practice. Our results suggested a high prevalence of verbal and physical abuse against medical students. Health sector authorities should adopt a restrictive and clear strategy to protect medical students and other healthcare providers.
Detection of human adenovirus 40/41 among children with some hematological disorders
Authors: Ali Alyaa Younis , Hussein Areej Atiyah , Mahmood Najdat Shukur
Published: July 2020

Background: Different parts of the world are witnessing a significant increase in the prevalence of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) diarrhea among children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of HAdVs type 40 and type 41 (40/41) infections in children with diarrhea and to assess the relationship between viral infection and different socio-demographic and clinical parameters.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was recruited to analyze a convenient sample of children presented with diarrhea. Data was collected from 8th August 2018 till 6th July 2019 at Al-Batool teaching hospital for gynecology and pediatrics in Baquba city, Center of hematology in Baquba city, and the Central teaching hospital of pediatric in Baghdad. Depending on the clinical examination, patients categorized into four groups; Group I with acute diarrhea, Group II with iron deficiency anemia and diarrhea, Group III with thalassemia and diarrhea, and Group IV with leukemia and diarrhea. Each patient gave one stool sample stored in a deep freeze at -20 ̊C for further analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic test used to test the samples. 

Results: A total of 184 children aged one month to fifteen years have been included in this study. More than half (97, 52.7%) of children were males. The prevalence rate of HAdVs 40/41 was 4.34%. Patients in the age group ranged from one month to five years, G IV (leukemia and diarrhea), male gender, low educated mothers, and those who changed to spoon feeder are more likely to have a high prevalence of diarrhea due to HAdVs 40/41. The most top clinical sign was fever (7, 87.5%), and the lowest was the loss weight (1, 12.5%), however vomiting, abdominal pain, and dehydration seen among at least three cases.

Conclusion: Human adenovirus 40/41 appeared to play a significant role causing acute gastroenteritis among children with leukemia and less than five years old.
Impact of missingness on clinical trials on the effectiveness of antenatal vitamin D supplementation in gestational diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Saha Sumanta
Published: July 2020

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a vital medical complication of pregnancy in which glucose intolerance is first detected or develops during gestation. GDM is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, and contemporarily, several clinical trials have tested their incidence in antenatal vitamin D receiving GDM patients. Considering their clinical significance, these trials' findings pertaining to the above outcomes require cautious interpretation, in terms of the risk of bias due to missingness. Any such bias in randomized controlled trials (RCT) can contaminate the results of a meta-analysis that extracts data from these RCTs.
PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN PADA PT. ASURANSI KREDIT INDONESIA CABANG MAKASSAR TELAH SESUAI DENGAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Ranung Baso , Sarong Sumarni
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan pada PT. Asunransi Kredit Indonesia Cabang Makassar.”

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Deskriftif

Yaitu Menjelaskan keadaan sebenarnya bagaimana penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan dijalankan dalam PT. Askrindo Cabang Makassar dan Menjelaskan bagaimaan estimasi pendapatan dilaksanakan dalam fungsinya sebagai perusahaan Asuransi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dari sisi pendapatan premi/service charge PT. Askrindo telah melaksanakan sistem akuntansi dengan baik yaitu dengan tetap melakukan estimasi terhadap jangka waktu penjaminan dan resiko terhadap penutupan asuransi. dan dalam hal pencatatan aktiva, mencatat sesuai metode garis lurus dengan ketentuan nilai penyusutan sesuai peraturan PT. Askrindo. Biaya komisi telah dilakukan pencadangan, yaitu untuk Produksi Asuransi kredit sebesar 7.5% dari produksi bulan berjalan dan 10% untuk produksi penjaminan dari produksi bulan berjalan. Untuk biaya penagihan Asuransi kredit Cabang Makassar mengeluarkan sebesar 10% yaitu 5% untuk collecting fee yang diperuntukkan untuk Bank dan fee collector sebesar 5% yang diperuntukkan untuk petugas penagihan Bank serta melakukan perhitungan persediaan untuk meterai dan polis asuransi selanjutnya untuk selisi yang terjadi dilakukan pencatatan yang dicatat pada pos biaya.
Metamorfosis en 3 actos. La transformación romana de Louis I. Kahn a través de sus dibujos
Authors: García Rubio Rubén , Delgado Orusco Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Los apenas tres meses –del 1 de diciembre de 1950 al 5 de marzo de 1951- que Kahn pasó en la capital italiana aparecen como un momento crucial en su trayectoria. Su condición de Arquitecto Residente en la Academia de su país (RAAR) le ofreció un alto grado de libertad, que fue aprovechado para viajar por la península Itálica y por el Mediterráneo. Las impresiones de esta estancia y de los viajes asociados fueron recogidas en una serie memorable de dibujos.

Sin embargo, todavía está pendiente una lectura crítica de estos dibujos a la luz de sus objetos de interés y de las técnicas asociadas. El objetivo de este texto es contribuir a ese análisis a través de tres dibujos precisos que ofrecen una aproximación a la mirada del maestro americano sobre la arquitectura clásica mediterránea.
La estática gráfica, pasado y presente de una metodología singular
Authors: Pons-Poblet Josep Maria , Arboix-Alió Alba
Published: July 2020

El procedimiento de la Estática Gráfica, aplicado a problemas de arquitectura e ingeniería civil, tuvo una gran importancia, especialmente, a finales del siglo XIX y gran parte del siglo XX. Su conocimiento por parte de los técnicos implicaba, sin duda, que era uno de los métodos de cálculo que se estudiaban en las escuelas técnicas. Pasados cien años, su uso ha desaparecido o bien ha manifestado un claro retroceso en gran parte de las mismas. Pero conocer este método es de gran importancia, ya que no sólo implica rescatarlo del pasado y poder entender cálculos históricos, sino que permite dar herramientas a los estudiantes para resolver de una manera ágil y sencilla problemas presentes y futuros. Así, este artículo quiere presentar el procedimiento de la estática gráfica, estudiar su pasado, a la vez que, planteando el presente, preguntarse por su viabilidad en un futuro.