bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Japanese Beetle Adulticides on Grape Foliage, 198
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Hall Franklin R. , Werner James
Published: March 2022

Six insecticide treatments were screened for efficacy against the Japanese beetle on potted 'Seyval' grapes at Wooster, OH. The potted vines were transported from the greenhouse to a sodfield, highly infested with adult beetles just prior to treatment. A treatment consisted of 10 vines, 5 replicates, each containing 2 vines in a randomized block design. A single application was made Jul 8. Two methods of application were utilized, a C0„ constant pressure sprayer and a Herbi Micron ultra low-volume applicator. The CO. sprayer equipped with a TeeJet 9505E fan-type nozzle was operated at 40 psi to deliver 4 of the treatments at the rate of 50 dal/acre. The remaining treatments were applied with the Herbi at the rate of 0.5 gal water/acre. Treatments were evaluated through bioassay at 3 different periods post application. Leaves (2) were removed from treated plants and their petioles were placed in floral tubes. These leaves were in turn placed in 1-gal ice cream cartons with 10 Japanese beetles collected in an untreated area. The cartons had been modified by placing a 16-mesh wire screen over the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. The insect holding room was maintained at 75 F with 80 + 5% RH under a 16-hr photoperiod.
Control of German Cockroaches with Amidinohydraz0Ne Bait, 1982
Authors: Reierson D. A. , Rust M. K. , Van Dyke A. M. , Appel A. G.
Published: March 2022

Tests were made to determine the efficacy of a new bait (Maxforce; Combat) against established populations of B. germanica. The bait, provided for tests by American Cyanamid Company, consisted of semisolid food substance containing 1.65%Twt/wt) amidTnohydrozone (CL217.300), the active ingredient in Amdro fire ant bait. Bait was presented in childproof plastic stations (5.1 × 5.1 cm × 10 mm tall) in infested aaartments near Los Angeles. Each apartment was about 37 m2 (400 ft2). Most cockroaches were in the kitchens, which were about 7.9m2. The performance of bait was monitored with 3 Black Flag sticky traps or 0.95-litre jar traps baited with bread. Traps were left under the kitchen sink and behind the stove and refrigerator for 7 days. Control was calculated from the difference between pre- and posttreat trap counts. Bait was placed in cabinets, behind appliances, and close to sites suspected of harboring cockroaches. Most bait was used in kitchens but additional stations were placed in other rooms in a few instances where large numbers of cockroaches were observed. During the test, stations were replaced only at sites in apartments where all the bait had been consumed. A simultaneous comparative test with a high rate of a commercial 0.5% Dursban bait was made in apartments at the same study site.
Performance of Insecticides for German Cockroach Control in Apartments, 1982
Authors: Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A. , Van Dyke A. M.
Published: March 2022

The efficacy of insecticidal sprays, dusts and combination treatments was evaluated in 1 and 2 bedroom apartments in the Los Angeles area. The level of cockroach infestation in each apartment was monitored with two 0.95-liter jar traps provisioned with a slice of fresh white bread and finely divided clay. Traps were installed in the kitchen for 1 wk before treatment and for 1 wk at specific post-treatment intervals. Aqueous sprays applied from a 3.8-liter B & G compression sprayer equipped with a fine fan nozzle (Spraying Systems no. 800067) were directed along intersections, cracks and crevices, baseboard junctions, and areas likely to harbor cockroaches. Of 1.1-liter spray per apartment, about 0.6 was applied in the kitchen and bathroom, but other areas such as bedrooms and living rooms were also treated when occupants had seen cockroaches in those rooms. When dusts were tested, about 350 g was applied with a Getz powder duster to cabinet voids, cracks and crevices, underneath appliances, and to inaccessible areas where the dust would not be unsightly. When combination treatments were applied, dusts were applied after the sprays had dried. The significance of the reductions in trap catch after treatment, compared to precount, was analyzed by a Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test.
Contact Exposure Tests with Total Release Aerosols Against Household Insect Pests, 1981
Authors: Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A. , Dyke A. M. Van
Published: March 2022

To determine the contact activity of various proprietary and commercial total release aerosols (TRA), 4 common household insect pests were exposed to the output of aerosols used at 28 g per 28.3 m3 (1 oz/100 ft3). Tests were conducted in vacant apartments ca 85 to 170m3. Insects in the test included cat fleas, German cockroaches, confused flour beetles and firebrats. Based on discharge rates per second, an appropriate amount of material from each TRA was released at a central location in an apartment. Insects were confined in open containers at 3 separate locations in the room where the TRA was released at a central location in an apartment. Insects were confined in open containers at 3 separate locations in the room where the TRA was released. The exposure sites were 0.6 m from the device and 0.6 m from each other. Insects were exposed for 4 h to the output of each TRA. Cockroaches (GC), beetles (CFB) and firebrats (F) were exposed while on filter paper fastened to the bottom of 9 cm-diameter glass petri dishes. About 20 adult cat fleas (CF-A) were exposed inside special cylinders constructed from cut and reassembled 0.9-liter glass jars. The jars were cut and glued together so that they made a cylinder about 36 cm tall that was threaded at each end to receive a canning ring. Cat flea larvae (CF-L), 10 3rd-instar per replicate, were exposed on 3.1 cm2 discs of filter paper fastened to the bottom of shortened glass vials. In tests with cockroaches, the inner vertical surface of the dishes were coated with Teflon T-30 emulsion and plexiglass rings 4 cm tall coated with Teflon were taped to the petri dishes to ensure that the insects would not escape during the period of exposure. Ten adult male cockroaches and 15 adult beetles or firebrats were used per replicate. All exposed insects were returned to the laboratory in closed containers and held overnight. Average percent mortality was calculated 20 h after the 4-h exposure to each TRA.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Cat Flea Control Inside Urban Dwellings, 1982
Authors: Osbrink Weste L. A. , Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. , Lawton Michael J.
Published: March 2022

The residual control of cat fleas indoors with Dursban LO, Ficam W, Knox Out, Safrotin and some mixtures with insect growth regulator Precor was evaluated in apartments and single family dwellings in coastal areas of southern California. Residences with active flea infestations were obtained through the cooperation of Western Exterminator Company. Residences where studies were made were surveyed 24 h before treatment and 30 and 60 days post-treatment. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were obtained with a Hoover Portapower vacuum cleaner modified with a special cloth filter attachment inserted in the collection hose. Fleas could be readily vacuumed from accessible floor space, including carpets and bare floors. Filters with fleas and debris were placed into plastic bags that were sealed and were returned to the laboratory to be evaluated. The contents were carefully examined and adult fleas unable to jump or crawl were considered to be moribund. Although larvae and dead adult fleas were occasionally collected, only living adult fleas were counted. Treatments were applied by professionals at 40 psi from a B & G compression sprayer equipped with a coarse fan nozzle. Ficam and Knox Out were applied at approximately 3.8 liters of finish spray/74m2 (1 gal/800ft2) while Dursban and Safrotin were applied at 1.9 liters/74m2. About 0.8ml of Precor was mixed with 3.8 liters of Safrotin and Knox Out and applied at the above rates. Safrotin provided excellent residual control for at least 60 days and the lowest percentage of complaints within 30 days after treatment. Even though Knox Out also provided excellent residual control, residents frequently mentioned the lack of rapid activity and the odor within 2-3 wk after treatment. The addition of 0.8 ml Precor per 3.8 liters of Safrotin or Knox Out did not appear to enhance their performance at 30 and 60 days. Ficam did not provide satisfactory control of cat fleas and all the residences needed another treatment within 2 wk.
Insecticide Efficacy Against the “Raspberry Aphid”, 1982
Authors: Schaefers George A.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated against the respberry aphid on 'Heritage' red raspberries. The planting, 2 and 3 years since setting, was located in Geneva, NY and consisted of a series of 25ft long replications with 10 ft between replications and 10 ft between rows. One-half of the planting was annual cropped, i.e. all canes were removed each year and only the fruit grown on the current year's canes was harvested. Annual cropped crowns produced an abundance of new succulent growth which was preferred by the aphid; these replications were selected for the test. The planting was divided into 5 blocks and each treatment was randomly replicated once in each block. The treatments were applied with a vertical boom containing 5 flat-cone Tee Jet nozzles. Both sides of the rows were sprayed at a gallonage comparable to 100 gal/acre with rows planted on 6 ft centers. All treatments were applied on Jul 27. Aphid counts were made on Jul 30 (3-day) and again on Aug 19 (22-day). Five 6-inch cane tips were examined from eachreplication and the total numbers of aphids recorded. All treatments provided significantly better reductions over the check at the 3-day count.
Safrotin as a Residual Spray for Control House Flies and Lesser Mealworms, 1982
Authors: Vaughan J. A. , Turner E. C.
Published: March 2022

Safrotin 50% EC was investigated for its residual activity against the house fly and the lesser mealworm when applied to 3 plywood panel types; exterior enamel-painted, interior latex-painted, and unpainted. Three different doses of Safrotin 50% EC (0.50%, 0.25%, and 0.125% ai) and a control (water only) were prepared and sprayed onto 1 side of each of 3 panel types with a chromatography sprayer. Dosages were replicated 4 times. Twenty-five adult house flies and 10 adult lesser mealworm beetles were exposed to the surfaces for 1 h, removed and percent mortality was recorded at 24 h post-exposure. Exposure tests were repeated on day 1, 3, 9 and once a week thereafter until residual breakdown was evident.
Control of Bagworms on Chinese Arborvitae, 1982
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , King Ed , Foltz Julie
Published: March 2022

Bagworm control was evaluated on a Chinese arborvitae hedge located in Stillwater, OK. Seventy-five ft of hedge was utilized and teatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Each treatment consisted of a 5 ft section 8-10 ft high. Plants were sprayed until run-off with a Marco R-20 sprayer which delivered 1.6 gal/min at 200 psi. Treatments were made on Jul 8, when the temperature was 90 F and wind velocity ranged from 0-5 mph. A pretreatment count from 10 locations on each of the 9 replications showed an average of 9.5 larvae, 0.25 to 0.75 inches long, per 18 inches of terminal branch. Mortality was determined by examining 10 larvae from each replication at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after application.
Azalea Lace Bug Control, 'Gloria' Azalea, 1982
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Zarko Marie L.
Published: March 2022

Fenpropathrin and acephate (Orthene) were evaluated for control of azalea lace bug on container-grown azaleas. Plants were grown in an amended pine bark medium under 50% shade and were hand irrigated as needed. Treatments were applied Apr 14 to all leaf surfaces to run-off with hand-pumped, compressed air sprayers. At time of application, ambient temperature was 83°F with a relative humidity of 55.5%. Four single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Nu-Film 17, 8 oz/100 gal water, was added as an adjuvant to all insecticide treatments. Counts were taken 1 and 7 days after treatment by brushing the canopy of an azalea held over a 8-1/2 × 11 in sheet of paper held in a clipboard.
Bronze Birch Borer Control, European White Birch, Richland Co., OHIO, 1980
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

An abandoned nursery with a block of several hundred birches 3.5 - 5.5-m tall, growing on 1.8 m centers in rows 2.4 m apart, were used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides. Trees showing evidence of larval infestation but enough vigor to survive another year were selected. An hydraulic Meyer's sprayer operating at 200 psi was used to apply treatments to runoff on all bark surfaces. The canopy was also sprayed to maximize exposure of adults to insecticide. Each treatment was applied 3 times at 2 wk intervals to the same 5 trees (= replicates), beginning Jun 10 when skies were sunny, 21 C, with a 8-16 kph breeze. Ambient conditions were similar on Jun 24, except the temperature was 26°C. On Jul 8 (cloudy skies, 24-26°C and 16 kph breeze) all treatments except Ficam were applied when it began raining. Consequently, all treatments were reapplied on Jul 9, under cloudy skies, 21-23°C, and a 8-16 kph breeze. Soon afterward it began raining. Trees received permanent metal tags and color-coded surveyor's tape to ensure treatment identification the following year when treatment effectiveness was evaluated. Trees were felled May 20, 1981, and all old emergence holes were circled with a red wax pencil. Total bark surface area was estimated for each tree. Trees were cut to fit in a screenhouse where they were stored until Jul 9-10 when new emergence holes were counted to assess treatment effectiveness.
White Grub Control on a Home Lawn in Doylestown, Pa, 1982
Authors: Heller P. R. , Guiser S. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

Thirteen insecticide treatments were applied Aug 16 to a home lawn infested with white grubs. The predominant white grub species present was Japanese beetle (70%) with the remaining species present in equal numbers (Coborealis, 15%; Phyllophaga spp, 15%). The lawn consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (25%), fescue (25%), and a wide array of weeds (50%). Treatment plots were 10 × 10 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied in 3 gal water with a hand-held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, followed by watering in with 3 gal water. At treatment time, the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 85°F; soil temperature, 76°F; soil type, silt-loam; soil pH, 5.0; percent organic matter, 2.9; soil condition, moist; amount of thatch, 0.06 in; and skies were clear and sunny. Post treatment counts were made 43 days later (Sep 29). Four ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of living white grubs was recorded for each ft2 sample.
Japanese Beetle Control in Kentucky Bluegrass Turf, 1982
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Rodencal Jeff
Published: March 2022

The experiments were conducted in the left rough of No 3 fairway at Blackhawk Golf Course, Westerville, OH. The turf was composed of approximately 70% Kentucky bluegrass and 30% crabgrass. Mowing height was 2.5 to 3 in. There was no measurable thatch. The predominant soil type was Alexandria-Cardington, characterized as a greyish brown, strongly acid, friable silt loam 8-12 in thick. Environmental conditions at application time were as follows: air temperature, 75°F; relative humidity, 30-40%; wind from the NW at 8-10 mph; and sunny.skies with a few scattered clouds. The soil was wet from previous irrigation. Ten treatments replicated 4 times were applied to 5 ft × 10 ft (1.5m × 3m) plots arranged in an RCB design. Liquid applications were made usJng a CO2, pressurized sprayer with three 9520 nozzles mounted on a 5 ft aluminum boom, operating at 25 psi with a 4 gal/1000 ft spray rate. Granular materials were applied with a 2 ft Gandy drop spreader. All treatments were irrigated with 0.25 in of water immediately after application on Sep 3. Pretreatments counts showed a range of 20-40 larvae/ft. The experimental plots were evaluated 28 DAT (Oct 28) by randomly sinking four 7,75 in diameter cylinders (ca. 0.33 f t) into the turf to a depth of 6 in and counting the number of viable larvae in the soil plugs.
Control of “Picnic Beetles” on Red Raspberries, 1982
Authors: Werner James J. , Williams Roger N.
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were evaluated for the control of picnic beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) on raspberries Wooster, OH. Raspberry rows were 18 inch wide with 6 ft between the center of adjacent rows. Plots were 9 ft long with four replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Treatments were applied on Jul 12 with a hand operated C02 sprayer operating at 45 psi that was equipped with a TeeJet D3 disc and number 13 core. Sprays were applied to bushes at the rate of 79 gal/acr e. At each time interval after application five ripe berries were harvested from a single replicate and placed in a 150 × 25 mm tissue culture dish. Ten picnic beetles of unknown age and sex were released in a dish and allowed to feed in the confines of the dish for 24 hr before mortality was recorded.
Honey Locust POD Gall Midge Control and Phytotoxicity Evaluations of Two Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Wright G. C. , Carpenter G. P.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticides were tested on the University of Idaho campus for the control of the honey locust pod gall midge and for phytoxicity. A randomized block design with 4 replications was used. The treatments were applied until run-off with a handgun operating at 250-350 psi, on Jun 1, when the compound leaves were about 2 in long. Phytotoxicity was determined 5 days after treatment by counting the number of apical leaflets killed per 10 randomly selected compound leaves. For efficacy, counts were made of the number of compound leaves with at least one gall per 25 randomly selected leaves 12 days after treatment.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Greenhouse Flori Cultural Plants, Georgia, 1982
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Marigolds were grown in 90 mm plastic pots containing a 1:1 mix of Metro Mix¶ 300 and peat on raised greenhouse benches. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off at 30-35 psi on Jun 21, at a greenhouse temperature of 28°C and relative humidity 68%. Treatments were evaluated before and 1,2, and 3 wk following application by removing 2 leaves, with 7 leaflets each, and counting the number of mites and eggs on the lower surface of the leaves.
Phytotoxicity on Poinsettia, Hawaii, 1982
Authors: Hara A. H. , Mau R. F. L.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on nonflowering cultivars in a greenhouse at University of Hawaii, Manoa from May 20 to Jun 30. Plants were grown in a 1:1 mixture of volcanite (andesite-pomice mix) and woodshavings. Eleven insecticides and 2 miticides were tested at ca. 2X the labeled rates. Materials were applied to runoff using a compressed C02 sprayer at 40 psi. Three complete treatments were applied and evaluated at 2-wk intervals. Each treatment consisted of 7 single-plant replications of each of 3 cultivars. Triton B-1955 was added to each treatment at a rate of 90 ml/100 gal. During the test period, maximum daily temperature ranged from 33.8° to 37.8°C and minimum night temperature were from 13.9° to 17.2°C. Plant damage was evaluated based on symptoms compared to untreated checks: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight damage (marketability not affected), 2 = slight to moderate damage (marketability slightly reduced), 3 = moderate damage (marketability reduced), 4 = severe damage (unmarketable).
Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Acephate, Georgia, 1982:
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on 6 species of greenhouse-grown ornamental plants. Plants were grown in a 1:1 mixture of Metro Mix 300 and peat moss and maintained on raised benches. Treatments were applied at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb ai/100 gal on Jul 21, Aug 17, Aug 24, and Sep 1 utilizing a power sprayer at 80 psi. Foliar sprays were applied to run-off. Treatments consisted of single pots replicated 6 times. Treatments were evaluated each week and a damage rating made on a scale of 0-3: 0 = no damage, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe damage.
Greenhouse Plant Phytotoxicity Following Drenching, Pennsylvania, 1980:
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were applied by drenching to the following greenhouse plants: Christmas cactus, Zygocactus sp var. Christmas Cheer; Coleus, Coleus sp var. Multicolor Rainbow; English ivy, Hedera sp; Impatiens, Impatiens holsti var. Shady Lady-Pink. The insecticides Diazinon 4EC, Vydate L, SBP-1382 and Malathion 2EC were selected as potential controls for fungus gnat larvae (Bradysia sp). Pesticides were mixed at the .5X, X, 2X and 4X label rates. The plants were grown in 4.5 in square pots and 200 ml of each mixed pesticide was added causing runoff from the pot bottom. The plants were drenched on Mar 28, placed in a greenhouse and evaluated every 7 days for 21 days.
White Crub Control on Strawberries, 1981
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M.
Published: March 2022

A Four-year-old planting of 'Apollo' and 'Atlas' with a heavy infestation of Strigoderma arboricola (F.) was used for this evaluation. Single row plots 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Rows were 40 inch apart. The soil was clay loam with a high percent of organic matter. A single application was made on Aug 27, 81. Soil moisture was adequate at this time. Liquid formulations were applied using a sprinkling can at a rate equivalent to 300 gal. water/acre. Granular formulations were applied over-the-row using mason jars as ' salt shakers'. Following treatment application, 1/4 inch of water was irrigated over the plots. Prior to this test, the entire plot was treated with Marlate 50W (4 lb/acre) on Aug 3 and Marlate 50W (4 lb/acre) plus Sevin 80W (2 lb/acre) on Aug 13. Treatments were evaluated by sifting 1 sq ft, 6 inch deep in 3 locations within the replication. Grubs were returned and the holes filled.
Control of Nantucket Pine TIP Moth on Loblolly Pines, 1982
Authors: King Ed , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , whitcomb Carl
Published: March 2022

Two different systemic insecticides were evaluated for control of Nantucket pine tip moth on loblolly pines. The test was conducted at the OSU Horticulture Research Farm outside of Stillwater, OK. Treatments were applied around each tree with a PNS E-2 fertilizer feeder on Dec 11. Field-grown lobllolly pines, 3-5 ft high, 1.2 in in diameter, growing on a sandy loam soil were utilized. Each treatment was replicated 10 times in a randomized block design, with 5 trees per replication. Trees were evaluated for larval infestation on Oun 1, Jul 13 and Aug 25. Evaluations were made by removing damaged tips and checking for live larvae. Rainfall in the area of the test was: Jan, 2.56 in; Feb, 2.4 in; Mar, 1.2 in; Apr, 2.47 in; May 14, 0.6 in; Oun 4, 0.37 in; Jul 1, 0.98 in; and Aug 1, 0.38 in for a total of 30.96 in.
Scots Pine, Control of Summer Generation Crawlers of a Pine Needle Scale, Carroll Co., OH, 1981
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Roth J. R.
Published: March 2022

Pinus sylvestris (2-2.5 m high) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating toxicity of an experimental pyrethroid Insecticide against crawlers of the summer (= July) generation. Infested trees with newly hatching crawlers were sprayed Jul 22, using a KWH mistblower operating at maximum rpm's to deliver ca. 946 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single-tree replicates per treatment. Ambient temperature was 21°C with partly cloudy skies and a 6-8 kph breeze. Settled first instars, crawlers, and eggs were present during spraying. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated Aug 4 by collecting infested needle fascicles and inspecting them with the aid of a binocular microscope in the field for living and dead settled first instars. Counts were made from at least 3 fascicles; the first 100 settled nymphs observed were used for analysis.
Control of Hawthorn Lace Bugs On Pyracantha, 1982:
Authors: Foltz Julie , Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , King Ed
Published: March 2022

Hawthorn lace bug control was evaluated on a pyracantha hedge located in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Three hundred feet of hedge was utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Each treatment consisted of a 20 ft section 4-5 ft high. Application equipment consisted of a Marco R-20 sprayer which delivered 1.6 gal/min at 200 psi. Sprays were applied until run-off. Treatments were made on Jun 28 when the temperature was 84 F and the wind velocity was 5-8 mph. Infestations were determined by counting adults and nymphs on 6 in of terminal branch at 20 locations in each treatment.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar with Kryocide, 1981
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Spinney Tim
Published: March 2022

Kryocide was evaluated on cherry leaves for the control of third instar Eastern tent caterpillars at the University of New Hampshire. Orthene was used as a standard. The chemicals were applied on May 11. The treatments were rated 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days after application. Leaves were dipped into the appropriate solutions and fed to larvae in pint paper containers. Freshly dipped leaves were added after 2 days. Treatments were replicated 3 times. Each replicate represented 5-pt containers, 5 larvae per container, for a total 75 larvae per treatment.
The Effect of Volcanic Ash on Western Spruce Budworm, 1980
Authors: Heinz Kevin M.
Published: March 2022

Three grand fir (about 2 m tall) near Donnelly, Idaho were treated with volcanic ash, collected after the eruption of Mount St. on July 6.
Insect Control in Early Snap Beans, 1982
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E.
Published: March 2022

Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against snap bean insects at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Snap beans were planted in 38-inch rows on May 19. Plots were 6 rows × 20 ft with treatments replicated in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on Jul 1 to the center 4 rows/plot with a 2-gal compressed-air handsprayer at 50 gal/acre spray. One treated row/plot was sampled by taking 5 sweeps along the row (ca 15-row-ft) with a 15-inch diameter insect net. A different row was sampled on each date to reduce plant damage. Three-row-feet were hand harvested from the second treated row on Jul 9 and from the third-treated-row on Jul 13.
Seed Maggot Control, 1982
Authors: Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: March 2022

Plots consisted of single row treatments 36 inches apart, 15 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Hand-pushed cone seeders were used to plant 100 seeds in each row and to distribute granules of insecticide. Spray treatments were applied at 50 gal H2O/acre using a C02-powered spray unit mounted on a cone seeder. Over-furrow granular treatments were applied with a hand-pushed Gandy applicator as a 4-inch band before planting. Those treatments designated as incorporation treatments had the over-furrow bands of insecticide lightly incorporated with a hand rake prior to planting. After planting, a 2- to 4-inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over the row by hand to increase oviposition in the vicinity of the seeds. Bean, corn, and squash seeds were treated on Jun 5, 8, and 11, respectively. Each crop was planted in a separate plot on Jun 22. Damage counts were made on Jul 4 (beans), Jul 9 (corn), and Jul 13 (squash). For squash and beans, emerged seedlings in each row were counted, damaged individuals recorded, and an avg % damage calculated. Efficacy counts were made on corn by digging up 25 seeds/row, examining them for injury, and calculating an avg % damage.
Insecticide Efficacy Against Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1982:
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was transplanted Jul 22 at the Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows, each with 36-inch centers and 16-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi and delivering 31 gal/acre with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply a single application to each trial. Agway sticker-spreader (2.5 ml/gal) was added to all treatments. Treatments were applied Sep 9. Evaluations were made on Sep 14 by randomly selecting 3 plants/plot, removing all leaves, and counting the above mentioned species. Infestations were considered moderate.
Renewable energy configuration scheme of data center in cold area. A case study
Authors: Yu Jiawen , Yan Yanqiu , Jiang Yiqiang , Ge Jie
Published: March 2022

The core of building energy allocation is to reduce the power load and power consumption through the reasonable allocation of energy equipment, so as to reduce the capacity of the supply side and save investment. In this way, the configuration of energy schemes in data center is conducted in this paper. According to the results of load forecasting, the energy supply scheme of each building in the planning area is determined, including ground source heat pump (GSHP) system, solar water heating system and heat pipe air conditioning system. In addition, feasibility analysis and economic analysis of each configuration scheme are carried out, and the relatively reasonable scheme is selected. It is found that GSHP system can be used in canteen building, solar hot water system can be used as auxiliary for apartment buildings and joint operation of heat pipe air conditioning unit and traditional machine room air conditioning unit is the most economical for data room. Through the research of this paper, a feasible method for the reasonable allocation of energy is provided in the data center planning stage.
CROSS-MARKET IMPACT OF PLATFORMS’ ACTIVITIES: A SECONDARY RELEVANT MARKET APPROACH
Authors: Lee Ki Jong
Published: March 2022

As platform industries prosper, games are becoming more and more like a team competition rather than an individual sport. Literature on platform envelopment and ecosystems competition shed light on the increasing need to consider cross-market effects of platforms’ activities in competitive analysis. Some established legal principles consider cross-market effects of platforms activities. However, they apply under strict conditions and may not be easily extended to cover the wide variety of platforms’ activities. Thus, this article proposes to introduce a secondary relevant market approach, whereby courts and competition agencies should be obliged to define a secondary relevant market and consider pro- and anticompetitive factors in that market, which significantly affect competition in a primary (original) relevant market. By applying the approach, we could address the increasing need to consider cross-market effect of platforms’ activities, without interrupting the keynote of traditional market definition, which focuses on close substitutes. It also enables us to fairly distribute the burden of proof among the parties. The approach can be applied in various contexts, such as platform market definition, nascent acquisition, platform envelopment, and ecosystems competition. It could also help legislators to pursue better targeted regulatory intervention.
The role of density perturbation on planet formation by pebble accretion
Authors: Andama G , Ndugu N , Anguma S K , Jurua E
Published: March 2022

Protoplanetary discs exhibit a diversity of gaps and rings of dust material, believed to be a manifestation of pressure maxima commonly associated with an ongoing planet formation and several other physical processes. Hydrodynamic disc simulations further suggest that multiple dust ring-like structures may be ubiquitous in discs. In the recent past, it has been shown that dust rings may provide a suitable avenue for planet formation. We study how a globally perturbed disc affects dust evolution and core growth by pebble accretion. We performed global disc simulations featuring a Gaussian pressure profile, in tandem with global perturbations of the gas density, mimicking wave-like structures, and simulated planetary core formation at pressure minima and maxima. With Gaussian pressure profiles, grains in the inside disc regions were extremely depleted in the first 0.1 Myr of disc lifetime. The global pressure bumps confined dust material for several million years, depending on the strength of perturbations. A variety of cores formed in bumpy discs, with massive cores at locations where core growth was not feasible in a smooth disc, and small cores at locations where massive cores could form in a smooth disc. We conclude that pressure bumps generated by a planet and/or other physical phenomena can completely thwart planet formation from the inside parts of the disc. While inner disc parts are most favourable for pebble accretion in a smooth disc, multiple wave-like pressure bumps can promote rapid planet formation by pebble accretion in broad areas of the disc.
Blockade of integrin signaling reduces chemotherapy-induced premature senescence in collagen cultured bladder cancer cells
Authors: Deng Linghui , Jin Kun , Zhou Xianghong , Zhang Zilong , Ge Liming , Xiong Xingyu , Su Xingyang , Jin Di , Yuan Qiming , Zhang Chichen , Li Yifan , Zhao Haochen , Wei Qiang , Yang Lu , Qiu Shi
Published: March 2022

Background

Diminished sensitivity towards chemotherapy remains the major impediment to the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. However, the critical elements in control of chemotherapy resistance remain obscure.

Methods

We adopted improved collagen gels and performed cytotoxicity analysis of doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin C (MMC) of bladder cancer cells in a 3D culture system. We then detected the expression of multidrug resistant gene ABCB1, dormancy-associated functional protein chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor 1 (COUPTF1), cell proliferation marker Ki-67, and cellular senescence marker senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) in these cells. We further tested the effects of integrin blockade or protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor on the senescent state of bladder cancer. Also, we examined the tumor growth and survival time of bladder cancer mouse models given the combination treatment of chemotherapeutic agents and integrin α2β1 ligand peptide TFA (TFA).

Results

Collagen gels played a repressive role in bladder cancer cell apoptosis induced by DOX and MMC. In mechanism, collagen activated the integrin β1/AKT cascade to drive bladder cancer cells into a premature senescence state via the p53/p21 pathway, thus attenuating chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. In addition, TFA had the ability to mediate the switch from senescence to apoptosis of bladder cancer cells in xenograft mice. Meanwhile, TFA combined with chemotherapeutic drugs produced a substantial suppression of tumor growth as well as an extension of survival time in vivo.

Conclusions

Based on our finding that integrin β1/AKT acted primarily to impart premature senescence to bladder cancer cells cultured in collagen gel, we suggest that integrin β1 might be a feasible target for bladder cancer eradication.
Examining multilevel neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics associated with colorectal cancer screening in Vietnamese Americans residing in Philadelphia County
Authors: Bhimla Aisha , Zhu Lin , Twardus Shaina , Lin Timmy , Vo Sarah , Do Phuong , Ma Grace X
Published: March 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most predominant cancers in the USA and ranks third among all cancers in incidence and mortality. Vietnamese Americans exhibit persistently lower screening rates compared to the general U.S. population, due to cultural, economic, and environmental barriers. The impact of environmental factors in particular is not well known, and lack of geographical access may be a significant barrier to accessing screening. This study aims to elucidate build and neighborhood environmental factors affecting CRC screening rates among Vietnamese Americans. A total of 517 Vietnamese Americans 50 years and older residing in Philadelphia County were included in the study. Surveys were collected to determine CRC screening behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. Individual neighborhood characteristics, which included the Walk Score, was obtained based on the participant’s address. Neighborhood characteristics were calculated using census-tract level data for the social deprivation index, ethnic composition, and presence of hospitals or federally qualified health centers (FQHC). The generalized linear mixed model revealed that residing in an ethnically dense neighborhood was negatively associated with CRC screening (β = −0.67, SE = 0.29, p = .01), while social deprivation (β = 0.30, SE = 0.27, p = .27) and presence of FQHCs or hospitals (β = 0.16, SE = 0.30, p = .58) were not. Individual neighborhood characteristics including the Walk Score (β = 0.21, SE = 0.26, p = .43) was not associated with CRC screening behavior. Neighborhood characteristics, specifically ethnic density is associated with lower uptake of screening in this population. Future interventions should aim to target specific Vietnamese American and other Asian ethnic neighborhoods that may experience disparities in screening.
Nasal Reconstruction by Expanded Forehead Scalping Flap: Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Hesamirostami Mohammadhossein , Hesamirostami Sanli
Published: March 2022

Nasal reconstruction is a difficult and complex surgery due to highlights and shadows of three-dimensional central structure of the face. Similarity of tissues, units–subunits, and invisibility of the scar are very important principles for reconstruction. In this case report, we present reconstruction of subunits of the nose by an expanded forehead scalping flap in a 12-year-old boy, whose tip and columellar subunits had been avulsed by a dog bite, in a hidden scar manner.
Unusual Location of Pulp Glomus Tumor: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Mortada Hatan , AlRabah Razan , Kattan Abdullah E.
Published: March 2022

Glomus tumors are painful, benign tumors that develop from the glomus bodies. They account for less than 1% of tumors in hand, and less than 10% present in the pulp of the digits. Cold hypersensitivity, increased pinprick sensitivity, and paroxysmal pain are common glomus tumor symptoms. We describe a 27-year-old man who came with pain in the right little digit, confined to the pulp for 10 years. The tip of the finger was extremely sensitive to touch, and the pain worsened in a cold atmosphere. Upon palpation, no mass was recognized. There was pinpoint tenderness within the distal volar pulp of the little finger. MRI with a contrast of the right little digit showed a 2-mm enhancing lesion in the tip of the little finger. An incision was done over the volar plane of the little finger, removing the tumor bluntly. The tumor was found to be a glomus tumor after histologic evaluation. Glomus tumors of the volar pulp are notoriously hard to detect. Hence, the presence of localized pain in the volar tip for the finger should raise suspicion of the diagnosis of a glomus tumor, and surgical removal should be offered to relieve symptoms and avoid recurrence.
Overview of Short-Term and Intermediate-Term Corneal Storage Solution: Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Need For Future Research
Authors: Roy Aravind , Jeng Bennie H. , Chaurasia Sunita , Das Sujata
Published: March 2022

Corneal donor tissue preservation techniques have incrementally improved since the introduction of McCarey–Kaufman storage solution from short-term storage to intermediate duration of storage with the advent of organ culture and Optisol GS storage solutions. Improved understanding of the corneal endothelial cell physiology has helped in designing newer storage solutions, such as the Life 4C and Cornea Cold. The incorporation of antibiotics, ATP precursors, minerals, and vitamins has improved the viability of tissues. In addition, these modifications to the newer storage solutions have increased the endothelial longevity and metabolic activity. Despite these advances, the duration of tissue storage has largely been restricted to 2 weeks in Optisol GS and 4 weeks in organ culture. The role and cost-effectiveness of antifungal supplementation and the need for improved epithelial preservation are additional areas that need to be explored. This review intends to summarize the efficacy and viability of donor corneas in different tissue storage solution and compare clinical outcomes while providing an insight into the challenges in developing newer methods of corneal preservation.
Prognostic Role of Albumin-Bilirubin Grade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation: A Single-center Experience Over a Decade
Authors: Long Haiyi , Xie Xiaohua , Huang Guangliang , Huang Tongyi , Xie Xiaoyan , Liu Baoxian
Published: March 2022

Background:

The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been proposed to evaluate liver function and predict prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data are scarce in terms of the clinical application of ALBI score in patients with HCC undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The current study sought to assess the prognostic efficacy of ALBI grade in early-stage HCC after RFA.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 344 treatment-naive patients, whereby the overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), local tumor progression, and intrahepatic distant recurrence were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors determining OS and RFS after RFA were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results:

During a median follow-up time of 48.0 months (range: 2 to 158 mo), 48 patients had died because of tumor progression or liver failure. Patients with ALBI grade 2 had poorer OS (P=0.033) and RFS (P=0.002), and higher intrahepatic distant recurrence rate (P<0.001) than those with ALBI grade 1. Local tumor progression rates were comparable between the 2 groups (P=0.801). Multivariate analyses showed that ABLI grade 2 was the only independent risk factor for poor OS (hazard ratio=1.850, 95% confidence interval: 1.041-3.286, P=0.036) and poor RFS (hazard ratio=1.467, 95% confidence interval: 1.094-1.968, P=0.011) after RFA. For Child-Pugh grade A group, patients divided by ALBI grade 1 versus grade 2 showed significant differences in both OS and RFS (P=0.039 and 0.002).

Conclusion:

The ALBI grade can be used to discriminate long-term prognosis in patients with HCC following RFA and to further stratify prognosis in those with Child-Pugh grade A.
Effect of ambient fluid rheology on oscillatory instabilities in filament-motor systems
Authors: Mishra Anupam , Tamayo Joshua , Gopinath Arvind
Published: March 2022

Filaments and filament bundles such as microtubules or actin interacting with molecular motors such as dynein or myosin constitute a common motif in biology. Synthetic mimics, examples being artificial muscles and reconstituted active networks, also feature active filaments. A common feature of these filament-motor systems is the emergence of stable oscillations as a collective dynamic response. Here, using a combination of classical linear stability analysis and non-linear numerical solutions, we study the dynamics of a minimal filament-motor system immersed in model viscoelastic fluids. We identify steady states, test the linear stability of these states, derive analytical stability boundaries, and investigate emergent oscillatory solutions and their properties. We show that the interplay between motor activity, aggregate elasticity and fluid viscoelasticity allows for stable oscillations or limit cycles to bifurcate from steady states. For highly viscous Newtonian media, frequencies at onset decay with viscosity μ as . In viscoelastic fluids that have the same viscosity as the Newtonian fluid but additionally allow for temporary energy storage, emergent limit cycles are associated with higher frequencies. The magnitude of the increase in the frequency depends on motor mechanochemistry and the interplay between fluid relaxation time-scales and time-scales associated with motor binding and unbinding. Our results suggest that stability and dynamical response in filamentous active systems may be controlled by tailoring the rheology of the ambient environment.
Age-based differences in quantity and frequency of consumption when screening for harmful alcohol use
Authors: Callinan Sarah , Livingston Michael , Dietze Paul , Gmel Gerhard , Room Robin
Published: March 2022

Aims

Survey questions on usual quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are regularly used in screening tools to identify drinkers requiring intervention. The aim of this study is to examine age-based differences in quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and how this relates to the prediction of harmful or dependent drinking

Design

Cross sectional survey

Setting

Australia.

Participants

Data was taken from 17,399 respondents who reported any alcohol consumption in the last year and were aged 18 and over from the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, a broadly representative cross-sectional survey on substance use.

Measurement

Respondents were asked about their frequency of consumption, usual quantity per occasion and the other items of the AUDIT.

Findings

In older drinkers, quantity per occasion (β=0.53 (0.43, 0.64 95%CI in 43-47 year olds as an example) is a stronger predictor of dependence than frequency per occasion (β=0.24 (0.17, 0.31). In younger drinkers the reverse was true with frequency a stronger predictor (β=0.54 (0.39, 0.69) in 23-27 year olds) than quantity (β=0.26 (0.18, 0.34) in 23-27 year olds). Frequency of consumption was not a significant predictor of dependence in respondents aged 73 and over (β=-0.03 (−0.08, 0.02)). Similar patterns were found when predicting harmful drinking. Despite this, since frequency of consumption increased steadily with age, the question on frequency was responsible for at least 65% of AUDIT scores in drinkers aged 53 and over.

Conclusions

The items with a weaker association with dependent or harmful drinking in younger and older drinkers are the same items with the strongest influence on overall AUDIT scores. Further investigation into age-specific scoring of screening tools is recommended.
Understanding social and environmental factors and their contribution mechanisms to HIV transmission among heterosexual men in Indonesia
Authors: Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Mwanri Lillian , Hawke Karen , Ward Paul Russell
Published: March 2022

The number of HIV infection among heterosexual men in Indonesia continues to increase. This paper describes social and environmental factors and the mechanisms through which these factors may have contributed to the transmission of HIV among men in Indonesia. A qualitative design using one-on-one and face-to-face in-depth interviews was employed to collect data from men living with HIV in Yogyakarta and Belu, from June to December 2019. Participants (n=40) were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. The logical model for socio-environmental determinants diagnosis was used to conceptualise the study and discuss the findings. The findings showed that social factors such as peer influence on sex, condom use and injecting drug use were contributing factors for HIV transmission among the participants. Other factors and drivers of HIV transmission included mobility, migration, and the environment the participants lived, worked and interacted, which facilitated their engagement in high-risk behaviours. The findings indicate the need for wide dissemination of information and education about HIV and condoms for men, within communities and migration areas in Indonesia and other similar settings globally in order to increase their understanding of the means of HIV transmission, and condom use for HIV prevention.