bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INCIDÊNCIA DA INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA NOS HOSPITAIS BRASILEIROS: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO
Authors: Guimarães Silva Mônica Juliana , Reis Nayra , Casella Monzini Rosas Giovanna , Macedo Paradis Rafael Joseph , Pereira de Brito João Pedro , Karen Mirelle Loula  , Dourado Mendonça Gabriela , Watanabe Dourado João Vitor , De Souza Brito Ian , Souza Nobre Victor , De Souza Nobre Flávia Milene , Atanazio Santos Suellen Cristina , Martins de Lima Oliveira Daniele
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é um doença de caráter crônico, arrastado e progressivo causada pela inefetividade do miocárdio em bombear sangue rico em oxigênio necessário para a realização das atividades do corpo e órgãos vitais. A IC afeta a qualidade de vida de mais de 26 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e, por isso, é considerada um problema de saúde pública. Esse artigo objetiva trazer uma análise quantitativa e temporal sobre as características epidemiológicas da IC no período de Janeiro de 2013 a Dezembro de 2023. Metodologia: Trata-se   de   um   estudo epidemiológico embasados a partir dos dados  do  departamento  de informação  de  saúde  do  SUS  (Sistema  Único  de  Saúde).  As  variáveis  utilizadas  foram:  internações hospitalares, taxa de mortalidade, óbitos, faixa etária, sexo, caráter de  atendimento e macrorregião de saúde, organizadas de acordo com o número de óbitos no decorrer dos anos, nas diferentes regiões. Ademais foi realizada uma revisão de literatura para embasar o estudo, utilizando as bases de dados: Science  Direct, Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs e SciElo. Os descritores utilizados foram: Insuficiência cardíaca, epidemiologia e morbimortalidade. Resultados: 49.229 internações ocorreram por Insuficiência cardíaca entre indivíduos de menos de 1 ano a 80 e mais anos de idade, de ambos os sexos e de todas as regiões do Brasil. Ainda que a região Nordeste tenha sido a mais notificada quanto a quantidade de internações, a região Sul foi a região que obteve mais gastos hospitalares no país. A maior faixa-etária acometida foi entre 50 e 59 anos, sendo o ano de 2022 o campeão no número total de internações do período analisado. O número de óbitos foi maior na região Nordeste (46,5% dos casos). O sexo masculino foi o gênero mais afetado por essa patologia. Em relação à etnia, mais pacientes brancos são internados. Conclusão: a realização destes estudos é essencial para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas ao diagnóstico, tratamento e notificação adequada dos casos de Insuficiência Cardíaca no país. Por tratar-se de um estudo baseado em dados secundários, algumas limitações se fazem presentes, portanto, mais estudos epidemiológicos devem ser conduzidos.
TERAPIAS COMBINADAS DE IMUNOTERAPIA E TERAPIA GÊNICA: ESTRATÉGIAS SINÉRGICAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER
Authors: Murad Tambellini Luca , Buzaneli Ferreira Bianca , Da Silva Hotta Tiago , Fronterotta Giusti de Freitas Giovanna , Amadeu Christini Giovanni , Alves Gatto João Pedro , Braga de Oliveira Luana , Portellinha de Oliveira João Victor , Moreno Cecilio Ana Laura , Hörnke Araújo Luma , Zumpano Filho Valter , De Lima Martins Andressa , Gentile Lucena de Medeiros Costa Beatriz , Gregori Torres Carolina , Kagiva Zibetti Almeida Carolina , Ferret Cavarsan Lucas , Pereira Gadelha Fernanda , Montini Conjaud Giovanna Paola , Colombo Cespedes Guilherme , Padilha Ferreira Guilherme , Freire Moreira Lima Gustavo , Antunes Malheiros Gustavo , Moreira Nasser Felipp Jamil Jose , Tavares Ferreira Victor Hugo , Teles Dornel Giovanna , Ferreira de Moraes Gabriel
Published: September 2024

O cenário do tratamento do câncer tem sido revolucionado pela imunoterapia e terapia gênica, ambas emergindo como modalidades promissoras. A combinação dessas abordagens, foco deste estudo, visa explorar sinergias para maximizar os benefícios terapêuticos. A introdução destaca as bases teóricas dessas terapias combinadas, delineando o equilíbrio imunológico no câncer, os efeitos imunomodulatórios dos tratamentos convencionais e a centralidade dos inibidores de checkpoints imunológicos. A metodologia desta revisão integrativa envolveu uma extensa busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados científicas, com foco nas referências fundamentais e recentes sobre o tema. Foram selecionados estudos que abordam imunoviroterapia, modulação de checkpoints imunológicos, terapia gênica e avanços na terapia de células CAR-T. A análise crítica desses estudos visou fornecer uma visão abrangente das estratégias sinérgicas. Os resultados da revisão revelaram uma gama diversificada de abordagens sinérgicas. A imunoviroterapia destaca uma estratégia inovadora envolvendo a liberação de vírus oncolíticos por células-tronco mesenquimais. A modulação de checkpoints imunológicos emerge como uma estratégia consolidada na imunoterapia do câncer. Avanços na terapia gênica apresentam o potencial terapêutico de agonistas STING modificados. A evolução das terapias de células CAR-T oferece uma perspectiva otimista na aplicação clínica. Em conclusão, este artigo destaca a crescente importância das terapias combinadas de imunoterapia e terapia gênica no tratamento do câncer. A convergência dessas estratégias sinérgicas representa um avanço promissor na busca por terapias mais eficazes e personalizadas. O entendimento aprofundado dessas abordagens, suas interconexões e implicações clínicas podem moldar o futuro do tratamento do câncer, oferecendo novas perspectivas para a prática clínica e a pesquisa translacional.
Semiotic Analysis of Kabanti Tula-Tulana Koburu
Authors: Utari Azim Nur Santriani , Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Winarti Daru
Published: September 2024

This research aims to provide an interpretation regarding the aspects of life contained in the meaning of Kabanti Tula-Tulana Koburu in the Wolio community using semiotic analysis. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data in this research is Kabanti Tula-Tulana Koburu which comes from the book Kabanti Oni Wolio (Wolio Language Poetry) Volume 1. To achieve the objectives of this research, a content analysis method was used using Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory. This research is a literature study research. The results of the research conducted found that Kabanti Tula-Tulana Koburu invites us to reflect on various aspects of life such as death, limitations, challenges, hopes and the meaning of life. Kabanti Tula-tulana Koburu highlights the mortal and fragile nature of humans and the importance of facing destiny with awareness and thorough preparation. Apart from that, Kabanti also reminds us to stop negative behavior such as arrogance, excessive joy, and haram actions.
The Role of Image Schemas in Interpreting English Phrasal Verbs: A Philosophical and Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Febriansyah Gema , Zaim Muhammad , Thahar Harris Effendi
Published: September 2024

Phrasal verbs pose challenges for interpretation due to unpredictable meanings. This study examined how image schemas aid comprehension from linguistic and philosophical viewpoints. A literature review methodology integrated insights from cognitive linguistics, philosophy of language, and related fields to provide a comprehensive understanding. Linguistically, image schemas offer a cognitive framework for processing phrasal verbs by mapping meanings to embodied experiences. Philosophically, schemas reflect how language emerges from and shapes conceptualization. Comparative analysis showed linguistics emphasizes schemas' mental role in comprehension, while philosophy explores their existential significance. Results identified schemas like CONTAINER and PATH that extend metaphorically from physical interactions to abstract phrasal verb meanings. Linguistically, schemas provide a framework for analyzing structures and meanings. Philosophically, schemas reflect language's emergence from embodiment and influence on thought. Teaching implications were to connect phrasal verbs to familiar embodied experiences through schemas. Theoretical implications were that schemas are fundamental to thought and linguistic expressions. By synthesizing perspectives, this study enhanced understanding of the intricate cognitive mechanisms linking schemas to phrasal verbs. It highlighted implications for language education and advances in interdisciplinary inquiry into embodied cognition and communication.
Translation Techniques Used in Biological Terms in Bilingual Biology 1 Textbook for Senior High School Class X
Authors: Nurhidayah Vibry Andina , Khoshimov Maksud
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the translation of English biological terms into Indonesian in a high school textbook. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, it examines translation techniques, drawing on Molina and Albir's framework. Data collection methods include content analysis. The study identifies four translation techniques: pure borrowing, literal, borrowing, and amplification. Pure borrowing is the most common technique used. The discussion emphasizes the importance of balancing linguistic accuracy and cultural relevance. The research contributes to understanding translation strategies in cross-cultural communication, aligning with Molina and Albir's framework. Overall, it sheds light on translators' choices in conveying biological concepts in bilingual education.
The Effectiveness of Using Scrabble Game to Teach Vocabulary
Authors: Qatrunnada Febrilia Hasna , Zuhriyah Mukminatus
Published: September 2024

Vocabulary is crucial for effective communication, especially in the global context where English is an essential international language. However, English proficiency at one of the state junior high schools in Perak Jombang, East Java, remains low. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Scrabble game in improving vocabulary mastery in class VII-I in one of the state junior high schools at Perak Jombang, East Java. This research used a pre-experimental design with a sample of twenty-five students. Data collection included pre-test and post-test assessments, analyzed using the Sample Paired t-test formula with a significance level of 0.05 (a=5%). The results revealed a two-tailed significance value (sig.) of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. ttable calculation at significance alpha= 5% is 2.063 while the tcount 4.203 (tcount > ttable). This indicates that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. These findings demonstrate that the Scrabble game effectively enhances students' vocabulary mastery. It is hoped that this research can serve as a reference for other researchers to explore using Scrabble to improve vocabulary among junior high school students.
THE STUDY OF PERSONALIZED LEARNING FOR STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors:   GGNTU named after academician M. D. Millionshchikov, Umatgerieva Khadizhat R. , Umarhadzhieva Seda R. ,   FGBOU VO Chechen State University named after A. A. Kadyrov, Kosulin Valery V. ,   Kazan State Energy University
Published: September 2024

With the development of technologies related to artificial intelligence, the use of “artificial intelligence” in the field of education is also becoming more relevant. In this article, artificial intelligence is introduced into teaching, technologies such as big data and knowledge graph are used, the student learning situation is studied and analyzed by tracking and recording the learning process, and collaborative filtering algorithms are used to analyze student learning characteristics, and finally, students are provided with personalized learning content and programmatic recommendations based on the results analysis. At the same time, teachers develop different learning content, formulate different learning strategies, and prepare different learning resources to ensure personalized student learning and enhance student learning effectiveness in order to truly realize individualized teaching.
Recovering rare earth elements from svanbergite ores by roasting and phosphoric acid leaching
Authors: Ma Keyu , Zhang Jie , Men Pengpeng , Deng Qiufeng , Rao Jun
Published: September 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs) are regarded as key global strategic metals, and recovering REEs from phosphate ores might constitute an alternative method of acquiring rare earth resources. Svanbergite ores in Sichuan are particular phosphates rocks that contain abundant REEs, which are valuable resources that have not been fully developed and utilized. Consequently, the development of crucial technologies for extracting REEs from svanbergite ores hold strategic and scientific significance. This study employed roasting and phosphoric acid leaching processes to recover REEs from svanbergite ores. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the hydrometallurgical process parameters. This study found that the optimal conditions for REEs recovery were: a roasting temperature 600℃, a roasting time of 38.72 min, a phosphoric acid concentration of 40%, a leaching liquid/solid mass ratio of 10, a leaching temperature of 75℃ and a leaching time of 70 min, resulting in a maximum predicted REE recovery rate of 83.57%. The experimental values exhibited a high degree of proximity to the predicted values, thereby substantiating the accuracy of the model and validating the plausibility of the optimized solution. Mechanistic analysis revealed that after the roasting process, the crandallite formed new acid-soluble new phases. Following the phosphoric acid leaching process, REEs were present predominantly in the form of REE3+ in the leaching solution, consequently separating the REEs from the svanbergite ores. This study provides a valuable reference for the recovery of REEs from associated rare earth phosphate ores.
Modelo NEUROLINGUA para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa del idioma Inglés en doctorantes de la UPEA
Authors: Schmiedl Cornejo Cinthia Silvana , Escobar Callejas Piter Henry , Olivares Alvares Edgar
Published: September 2024

La competencia comunicativa en la lengua inglesa ha adquirido una relevancia cada vez mayor en el ámbito académico y profesional, en especial para los doctorandos que necesitan desarrollarla como garantía para el éxito en su carrera e investigaciones, de allí surge el diseño del modelo integral NEUROLINGUA que combina los principios de la neurociencia y la neurodidáctica con estrategias específicas de enseñanza y aprendizaje del inglés. Metodológicamente el estudio se realizó bajo el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptiva-correlacional y diseño pre-experimental, esto debido a que se contó con la participación de 92 doctorantes del postgrado de la Universidad Pública de El Alto” a quienes se les aplicó una prueba de pre y pos test para conocer la efectividad de la propuesta; los resultados de su implementación evidenciaron mejoras significativas en la fluidez, la comprensión auditiva, la expresión oral y la confianza al comunicarse en inglés.
apuesta por el almacenamiento de energía renovable con centrales hidroeléctricas reversibles en canarias
Authors: Villar Rojas Francisco José
Published: September 2024

SUMARIO: 1. ALMACENAMIENTO MEDIANTE CENTRALES HIDROELÉCTRICAS REVERSIBLES: 1.1. Iniciativas y proyectos; 1.2. Caracteres comunes.— 2. APUNTE SOBRE LA REGULACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS ELÉCTRICOS INSULARES: 2.1 El «sistema eléctrico canario»; 2.2 Singularidades del marco regulatorio.— 3. ALGUNAS CUESTIONES CONTROVERTIDAS SOBRE EL ALMACENAMIENTO: 3.1 Elección de la tecnología; 3.2 Localización territorial (impacto ambiental); 3.3 Financiación (inversión y operación).— 4. EXPERIENCIA INSULAR CON EL ALMACENAMIENTO MEDIANTE CENTRALES HIDROELÉCTRICAS REVERSIBLES.— 5. REFLEXIÓN FINAL.
Prosecutor-Led Diversion Unveiled: Lessons and Insights From Implementing Project Reset in Two Jurisdictions
Authors: Embry Venita , Montagnet Chase , Bechtel Kristin , Inkpen Christopher , Walker Alexia
Published: September 2024

Research suggests diversionary practices for first-time low-level offenses can substantially reduce subsequent criminal legal system involvement and minimize long-term collateral consequences. Diversion programs are one way for prosecutors to leverage their discretion to divert individuals charged with lower-level offenses to community-based services to address underlying behaviors and needs. This paper focuses on the implementation of one type of diversion program—Project Reset—in two jurisdictions: Jefferson County, Alabama, and Westchester County, New York. Project Reset is a prefiling diversion model in which a prosecutor establishes an office-wide policy to divert people charged with certain offenses to participate in a brief community-based behavioral intervention rather than undergo traditional case processing. RTI International partnered with prosecutors’ offices in these two counties to evaluate their adoption of Reset. Using data from site visits, stakeholder interviews, and monthly program check-ins, this paper highlights the initial implementation of Reset in these two jurisdictions, describes program challenges and successes, and provides recommendations for other jurisdictions interested in implementing Reset in their communities. Although both sites faced challenges, our findings elucidate notable success in the initial implementation of the program, with promising results seen in stakeholder buy-in, program participation, and providing services to individuals while promoting accountability.
Gestión de bienes muebles patrimoniales en la Gerencia Regional de Administración del Gobierno Regional de Huánuco, Perú
Authors: Llanos Condezo Flor
Published: September 2024

Objetivo. Determinar la incidencia de la gestión de bienes muebles patrimoniales en la Gerencia Regional de Administración del Gobierno Regional de Huánuco (Perú). Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo aplicado con enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando como población a los 110 trabajadores de la Gerencia Regional de Administración. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron cuestionarios de recolección de datos descriptivos y se realizaron análisis estadísticos. Resultados. Los hallazgos revelaron que la incidencia de la gestión de bienes muebles patrimoniales en la Gerencia Regional de administración del Gobierno Regional de Huánuco, en 2022, fue calificada como regular. Así mismo, se identificaron áreas de mejora en las dimensiones de adquisición, registro, asignación, inventario, saneamiento, baja, disposición, mantenimiento, aseguramiento y valorización de los bienes muebles. Conclusiones. Se halló que la percepción de la gestión de bienes muebles patrimoniales es mayormente califcada como “regular” por el 96,36 % de los participantes, con un 2,73 % que la considera “alta”; por consiguiente, es fundamental implementar políticas internas que mejoren la gestión de bienes muebles patrimoniales en la Gerencia Regional de Administración del Gobierno Regional Huánuco para optimizar su desempeño y garantizar un adecuado control y mantenimiento de los activos.
Базовая оценка экономической эффективности реализации требований экономики замкнутого цикла
Authors: Руденко Владимир Викторович , Коваленко Мария Александровна , Пилипушко Екатерина Петровна , Чамова Юлия Александровна , Сухов Филипп Игоревич
Published: September 2024

В статье рассмотрены проблемы развития экономики замкнутого цикла в Российской Федерации. Сравнены понятия «устойчивое развитие» и «ESG-принципы». Приведены приоритеты экологической политики Российской Федерации. Отмечена необходимость проведения оценки не только экологической, но и экономической эффективности экономики замкнутого цикла. Рассмотрена возможность оценки экономической эффективности экономики замкнутого цикла через показатель внутреннего валового продукта. Предложена методика оценки базовой экономической эффективности при реализации требований экономики замкнутого цикла на отраслевом уровне. Основываясь на данных из открытых источников, выполнен расчёт стоимостного потенциала экономики замкнутого цикла для нефти в 2022 г. Отмечены ограничения предложенной методики. В заключении предложен ряд первоочередных мероприятий, направленных на развитие экономики замкнутого цикла в Российской Федерации.
Influence of entrainment on residual content of pollutants after absorber with sieve trays and wire demister
Authors: Yashin V. E. , Ravichev L. V. , Trushin A. M.
Published: September 2024

Entrainment is an important negative process that affects the efficiency of column units with a sieve trays. In sieve trays absorbers, entrainment leads to secondary contamination of the gas being purified by the reflux liquid. The sizes of entrainment droplets range widely from microns to millimeters and are the determining factor affecting the efficiency of demister. A review of studies on the flow rate and dispersion characteristics of entrainment removal from sieve trays is carried out, the research results are summarized in the form of a methodology for calculating the residual liquid content in gas after an absorber with a wire demister. In an absorber with cross-flow foam trays and a wire demister, there is an irreducible residual content of the reflux liquid, about several mg/m3, which practically does not change up to gas velocities of 1–1.5 m/s.
Strategic narrative in Ukraine
Authors: Jeong Junah , Park Sanghyeok
Published: September 2024

This study analyzes the strategic use of narratives as a crucial factor that enabled Ukraine to effectively counter Russia’s aggression during the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War, supported by the international community. The research focuses on the central theme of “democratic values and identity” within Ukraine’s narrative, exploring how this narrative was crafted and how it garnered acceptance and backing from international actors. Building on existing discussions on strategic narratives, this study theoretically examines the processes of narrative formation, acceptance by actors, and the building of solidarity. Furthermore, it presents an analytical framework to explain the significance of the “democratic values and identity” message, and how it is effectively conveyed to various actors. In the current conflict, Ukraine has projected a strategic narrative centered on “democratic values and identity,”which has reinforced solidarity among both state and non-state actors, enabling a sustained conflict with Russia. State actors have supported Ukraine’s war efforts through military, economic, and humanitarian aid, while non-state actors, including individuals, organizations, corporations, and international institutions, have contributed by amplifying narratives on social media, engaging in proxy warfare in cyberspace, providing internet services and aid, and shaping the strategic environment through international norms. This study suggests that narratives can be strategically constructed and utilized as non-military means to achieve national objectives.
The relinquished cloak in
Buile Shuibhne
Authors: BOURKE CORMAC
Published: September 2024

A previously unrecognised motif, that of ‘the relinquished cloak’, is identified in
Buile Shuibhne
and compared with instances in a twelfth-century English source and in the Old and New Testaments.
A survey of the Clann Ghormáin (McGormans) of Ibrickan, county Clare: land, lineage and resettlement in late medieval Ireland
Authors: MCINERNEY LUKE , O’HALLORAN ROBERT
Published: September 2024

Presented here is a transcription and translation of a late sixteenth-century poem by ollamh Maoilín Óg Mac Bruaideadha on the historical migration of the Clann Ghormáin from Leinster to Thomond, where they settled in Ibrickan under new overlords, the Uí Bhriain. From these beginnings, Clann Ghormáin advanced themselves to a prominent position in the lordship of Thomond, which lasted until the loss of their estates in the mid-seventeenth century. An analysis of the seanchas-genealogy elements of the poem by Maoilín Óg alongside evidence contained in contemporary administrative records reveals the landholdings, proprietorial status and familial relationships of this important Gaelic Irish lineage.
Climate Bistability at the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone due to Runaway Greenhouse and Cloud Feedbacks
Authors: Fan Bowen , Yang Da , Abbot Dorian S.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the climate dynamics at the inner edge of the habitable zone is crucial for predicting the habitability of rocky exoplanets. Previous studies using global climate models (GCMs) have indicated that planets receiving high stellar flux can exhibit climate bifurcations, leading to bistability between a cold (temperate) and a hot (runaway) climate. However, the mechanism causing this bistability has not been fully explained, in part due to the difficulty associated with inferring mechanisms from small numbers of expensive numerical simulations in GCMs. In this study, we employ a two-column (dayside and nightside), two-layer climate model to investigate the physical mechanisms driving this bistability. Through mechanism-denial experiments, we demonstrate that the runaway greenhouse effect, coupled with a cloud feedback on either the dayside or nightside, leads to climate bistability. We also map out the parameters that control the location of the bifurcations and size of the bistability. This work identifies which mechanisms and GCM parameters control the stellar flux at which rocky planets are likely to retain a hot, thick atmosphere if they experience a hot start. This is critical for the prioritization of targets and interpretation of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope. Furthermore, our modeling framework can be extended to planets with different condensable species and cloud types.
Procalcitonin levels in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients: a retrospective investigation in Anhui, China
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Yang Yang , Liang Manman , Zhang Aiping , Zhang Zhaoru , Yang Jianghua
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This work aim to evaluate the association of procalcitonin (PCT) levels with disease severity and prognosis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients.
Methodology: The medical records of 158 confirmed SFTS patients at two hospitals were reviewed. The patients were divided into survival group and nonsurvival group according to outcomes. Additionally, to assess mortality rates at different PCT levels, patients were divided into two groups, PCT < 0.25 ng/mL and PCT ≥ 0.25 ng/mL.
Results: Among the 158 confirmed SFTS patients, 26 died; the case fatality rate was 16.46%. PCT data were available for 132 of these patients; 66 were in the PCT < 0.25 ng/mL group, and 66 were in the PCT ≥ 0.25 ng/mL group. The SFTS patients had abnormal results on routine blood tests, indicating varying degrees of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and most patients presented with multiple organ dysfunction. The PCT level of the nonsurvival group was significantly higher than that of the survival group (p < 0.01). Additionally, the mortality of the PCT ≥ 0.25 ng/mL group was significantly higher than that of the PCT < 0.25 ng/mL group (p < 0.01); mortality increased sharply ( ≥ 25%) when the PCT level exceeded 0.1 ng/mL.
Conclusions: PCT levels in SFTS patients are closely related to the severity and prognosis of their illness. The serum PCT level is a promising predictor of mortality and severity in SFTS patients when considered in combination with clinical data and other laboratory tests.
Associated factors of respiratory co-infection of COVID-19 and the impact of co-infection on SARS-CoV-2 viral load
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Zhang Feng , Jia Jing , Xin Xueling , Dai Xiaoqi , Dong Liyan , Wang Zhaoguo , Jiang Fachun
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Emerging evidence indicates that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected individuals are at an increased risk for co-infections. This retrospective study aims to expand the knowledge of associated factors of respiratory co-infection in SARS-CoV-2 positivity.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted to recruit fifty-five patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positivity. We additionally tested 29 other respiratory pathogens using RT-PCR assay for the same specimens tested for laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent factors for co-infection. Cox regression was conducted to detect the association between co-infection and viral load after controlling other related factors.
Results: Among all the fifty-five COVID-19 patients, the rate of co-infection with at least one other respiratory pathogen was 76.4% (42/55). The rate of bacterial co-infections was 83.3% (35/42), among which Streptococcus pneumonia was the most common co-infection. Over 70% of neutrophils proportion (OR: 4.563; 95% CI: 1.116-18.648) was an independently associated factor for bacterial co-infection, whereas fever (OR: 4.506; 95% CI: 1.044-19.441) and chest tightness (OR: 0.106; 95% CI: 0.015-0.743) for viral co-infection. The strongest promotion of SARS-CoV-2 viral decreasing load was detected from co-infection of only viruses (HR: 4.039; 95% CI: 1.238-13.177), and the weakest was found from co-infection of only bacteria (HR: 2.909; 95% CI: 1.308-6.472).
Conclusions: Various co-infections variously promote SARS-CoV-2 viral decreasing load. Timely identification of co-infections aggressively contributes to COVID-19 patient management.
A retrospective analysis of tuberculosis in livestock farmers in Lahore district, Pakistan
Authors: Jabeen Chanda , Mushtaq Muhammad Hassan , Khan Jawaria Ali , Umbreen Gulshan , Saeed Muhammad Saqib , Sadiq Shakera , Maqsood Rubab , Bin Rashid Hamad , Asif Muhammad , Iqbal Khalid , Chaudhry Mamoona
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of tuberculosis in humans, accounting for numerous illnesses and thousands of fatalities globally. Data regarding the association of various risk factors and TB in livestock farmers in Pakistan is scarce.
Methodology: A retrospective matched case-control study of TB cases was performed in Lahore, Pakistan to investigate the potential risk factors that lead to the development of TB in Pakistani livestock farmers. A total of 170 participants were included in the study. The case was matched with control based on neighborhood and the case-control ratio was kept 1:1. Data were statistically analyzed using R version 4.2.1. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to identify biologically and statistically plausible risk factors associated with the TB outcome among livestock farmers.
Results: In univariable analysis, 10 risk factors were identified (p < 0.05). Gender, age, being married, family type, living in a big family, BCG vaccination status, history of smoking, working at a cattle farm, co-housing with cattle at night, , consumption of raw milk. The multivariable model identified four risk factors i.e., consumption of raw milk (Odds Ratio [OR]: 7.7; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.95-30.68), living in big family (OR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.25-30.82) and working at cattle farm (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.08-16.56), while gender was found to be a protective factor with OR < 1 (OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.26).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that sociodemographic risk factors and exposure to infected cattle can influence the development of TB in farmers.
Risk factors for linezolid - induced haematological toxicity in patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Mo Kai , Cao Wen , Lu YaTing , Li JuMan , Wei RuHua , Meng MingWei , Liang YingE , Zhong Hui , Qin YanE , Lan XiaoBu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This single-center, observational cohort study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with linezolid-induced hematological toxicity by analyzing the linezolid trough concentration (Cmin) obtained from patients undergoing treatment between January 2020 and December 2021.
Methodology: A total of 111 eligible individuals were included in the study, of which 47 were diagnosed with linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and 18 were diagnosed with linezolid-induced hemoglobin decrease.
Results: Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that creatinine clearance level (Ccr) < 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 5.463; 95% CI, 1.249-23.888, p = 0.024) and Cmin > 7 mg/L (OR, 62.660; 95% CI, 14.293-274.708, p = 0.001) were risk factors associated with linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia. Area under the ROC curve for Cmin was 0.955, with a maximum Youden index of 0.837. The corresponding critical value was 6.94 mg/L (sensitivity 91.5%; specificity 92.2%). Ccr < 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (OR, 7.282; 95% CI, 1.765-30.048, p = 0.006) and Cmin > 7mg/L (OR, 6.364; 95% CI, 1.937-20.910, p = 0.020) were found to be associated with linezolid-induced hemoglobin reduction. The area under the ROC curve for Cmin was 0.755, Youden index was 0.477 at the maximum, and the corresponding critical value was 7.53 mg/L (sensitivity 77.8%; specificity 69.9%).
Conclusions: Renal insufficiency is a related risk factor for linezolid-induced hematological toxicity. Patients receiving linezolid treatment should be closely monitored with blood routine and plasma concentration, particularly in patients with moderate or severe renal insufficiency. The plasma trough concentration of linezolid could be a suitable predictor for linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia and anemia.
Relationship between antimicrobial use and the highest number of multidrug-resistant-Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a 10-year study
Authors: Almeida Vitelhe F de , Dantas Raquel CC , Ferreira Melina L , Urzedo Jane E , Almeida Junior Elias R de , Royer Sabrina , Gontijo-Filho Paulo P , Ribas Rosineide M
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dangerous pathogen causing nosocomial infection, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Brazil. This retrospective study at a Brazilian university hospital examined the relationship between antimicrobial use and MDR-P. aeruginosa.
Methodology: Data was collected from 358 patients with non-repetitive P. aeruginosa infections from 2009 to 2019. Antibiotic use was measured in grams and expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 patient-days for meropenem, imipenem, polymyxin, and tigecycline.
Results: Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa occurred in 36.1%, and MDR in 32.6% of cases. Risk factors for XDR infection were hospitalization prior to infection (OR = 0.9901), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR = 0.4766), previous antibiotic use (OR = 1.4417), and use of cefepime (OR = 0.3883). Over the ten-year period, utilization of the monitored antibiotics increased, and there was a positive correlation between the rise in MDR-P. aeruginosa and the consumption of ceftriaxone, imipenem, meropenem, and polymyxin B. The 30-day mortality rate was 40.0% for all patients and 41.0% for those infected with XDR-P. aeruginosa.
Conclusions: This study highlights the negative impact of the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, which has led to a significant increase in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains in hospitals.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic utilization in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Çalişkan Demirkiran Burcu , Gül Hanefi C , Erdem Hakan
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the use of antimicrobial drugs during the second year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and evaluate the pandemic`s impact on antibiotic use by comparing with the pre-pandemic period.
Methodology: The study was a retrospective point prevalence study. Patients aged ≥ 18 years, who received antibiotics in our hospital between 11 February 2020. and 3 January 2022 were evaluated. The antibiotics were categorized according to the 2021 Access/Watch/Reserve (AWARe) classification. Compliance with recommendations from infectious diseases (ID) physicians, and reasons for inappropriate treatment were evaluated.
Results: Among the hospitalized patients, 323 (36.4%) during the pre-pandemic days (PPD), and 361 (50.1%) during pandemic days (PD), used at least one antimicrobial drug (p < 0.001). The most frequently used antibiotics during PPD and PD were piperacillin, tazobactam, and imipenem/meropenem. The use of the "Access" group antibiotics decreased in the PD, while the use of the "Watch" and "Reserve" groups increased (p = 0.034). There was 100% (n = 209) compliance with ID consultation in the PPD, and 91.9% (n = 227) in the PD (p < 0.001). In the PPD, 64 (19.8%). of the treatments received by inpatients were inappropriate, and during the PD 100 (27.7%) were inappropriate (p = 0.016).
Conclusions: The pandemic led to an increase in the overuse and inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, particularly in the Watch and Reserve groups, in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 clinics. There was a notable transition towards the increased utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the pandemic.
Care of children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Nina D , Karyanti Mulya R , Iskandar Adhi Teguh P , Advani Najib , Handryastuti Setyo , Mangunatmadja Irawan , Airlangga Tri J , Aprianti Shindy C , Rahman Meka M , Octaviantie Prillye D , Salma Nabila M , Gunardi Hartono , Sitorus Rita S , Satari Hindra I , Prayitno Ari
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is associated with severe birth defects, that lead to disability in later life. Hence, early detection and intervention are needed to prevent permanent disability and mortality in children with CRS. We evaluated the time to diagnosis or correction intervention related to survival rate using survival analysis.
Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the follow-up of CRS-confirmed cases from 2011–2018 at a national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Parents of eligible children who registered in the national CRS registry as laboratory-confirmed CRS cases were contacted through phone calls or home visits and interviewed about the current situation of their child’s health. We also obtained clinical data from the medical records.
Results: Fifty children, age 4 to 14 years, identified with laboratory-confirmed CRS were included in this study. Half (54%) of these children were female. All were born from mothers with no previous rubella vaccination history. Ophthalmic abnormalities such as congenital cataracts (88%) were the most common birth defect. Multiple congenital abnormalities including congenital heart disease, ocular abnormalities, and auditory defects were identified in 52% of the children. Based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, 50% of children were diagnosed at four months. Ophthalmic corrections such as cataract surgery were performed earlier than heart or auditory correction, with 50% of children undergoing eye correction one month after the diagnosis.
Conclusions: There is a vital need to implement CRS surveillance in Indonesia to know the burden of CRS and reinforce the preventive actions, including vaccination against rubella.
A single dose of recombinant adenoviral vector rabies vaccine expressing two copies of glycoprotein protects mice from lethal virus challenge
Authors: Li Qunlong , He Hongzhuan , Zhou Yuxi , Wang Jihong , Chen Huan , Liu Hui
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Rabies is a fatal infectious disease, that poses a major public health threat in developing countries. With an annual death toll of approximately 59,000, more than half of which are children, an urgent need exists for a safe, affordable, and effective preventive measure against rabies virus infection.
Methodology: A recombinant rabies vaccine called Ad5-dRVG was constructed by introducing two copies of the rabies virus glycoprotein into a human adenoviral vector. Virus-neutralizing assays and virus challenge experiments were employed to evaluate the Ad5-dRVG vaccine.
Results: Our findings demonstrate that a single dose of Ad5-dRVG, administered either intramuscularly or orally, elicited significantly stronger immune responses than Ad5-RVG. Moreover, both vaccines provided complete protection in mice. Notably, the vaccine exhibited remarkable efficacy even at low doses, suggesting potential cost reduction in production.
Conclusions: The development of the Ad5-dRVG recombinant rabies vaccine represents a significant advancement in rabies prevention. Its enhanced immunogenicity, demonstrated efficacy and potential cost savings make it a promising candidate for widespread use.
Paxlovid for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Yuya , Shan Rong , Zhao Liangfeng , Bai Yanyan , Feng Liuliu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is a new oral antiviral drug that is used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is administered to patients with mild to moderate disease for five consecutive days. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Paxlovid in COVID-19 patients.
Methodology: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant publications up to 9 March 2023. Three randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, one prospective cohort study, and 25 retrospective cohort studies were identified for the meta-analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference between the Paxlovid and control groups in terms of hospitalization (RR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.24–0.69, p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (RR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.27–0.50, p < 0.001), hospitalization or death (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37–0.67, p < 0.001), intensive care unit admission (RR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27–0.73, p = 0.001), and emergency department visits (RR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.54–0.83, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of COVID‐19 rebound (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.82–1.68, p = 0.37). In addition, the Paxlovid group had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay (weighted mean difference WMD = -1.11; 95% CI, -1.81, -0.41; I2 > 50%, p < 0.05), and polymerase chain reaction negative conversion time (WMD = -2.75; 95% CI, -3.60, -1.89, I2 > 50%, p < 0.05) than that of the control group.
Conclusions: Paxlovid can be considered an effective therapeutic agent for treating patients with COVID-19.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial meningitis in China from 2017 to 2021: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Li Zheng , Wang Mengyuan , Wang Shifu
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the changing epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the Shandong region.
Methodology: We conducted a retrospective analysis of bacterial distribution and resistance patterns in CSF samples, utilizing data from the SPARSS network and analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.
Results: A total of 3968 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated, consisting of 70.6% Gram-positive bacteria, 27.2% Gram-negative bacteria, and 0.2% fungi. The six most commonly detected bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus. Analysis revealed gender and seasonal variations in the distribution of CSF pathogens, with a higher incidence observed in males and during autumn compared to other seasons. The susceptibility profiles of these bacterial species varied significantly, with many exhibiting multidrug resistances. A. baumannii showed a high resistance rate to cephalosporins and carbapenems but was sensitive to tigecycline and polymyxins. For treating multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections, polymyxin-based combinations with tigecycline or sulbactam are recommended for adults, while tigecycline combined with meropenem is suggested for children. Enterobacteriaceae species were generally sensitive to carbapenems, such as meropenem and other carbapenems that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier can be recommended. Linezolid and vancomycin are the first choice for treating common gram-positive bacterial infections.
Conclusions: The high resistance rates observed among common CSF isolates and their varied distributions across different demographics highlight the necessity for customized treatment strategies.
Bacterial co-infections in cancer patients with COVID-19: predictors and antimicrobial resistance trends
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Rasha M , Bayoumi Ahmed , Abdellateif Mona S , Nooh Hend A , Refaat Lobna , Kandeel Eman Z , Hassan Safaa S
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Within the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study investigated the multifaceted challenges of bacterial infections in cancer patients with COVID-19. It focuses on clinical predictors, resistance patterns, and microbiological characteristics.
Methodology: Over 18 months, 112 adult cancer patients with coronavirus infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were enrolled. Bloodstream and respiratory samples were evaluated for bacterial infection using the Phoenix automation system for definitive species identification. In vitro susceptibility testing followed the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100-Ed30 guidelines.
Results: Bacterial infections affected 25.0% of patients, encompassing bacteremia (21.4%) and respiratory tract infections (8.0%). Multivariable analysis identified hypertension, age < 60, and critical COVID-19 as significant predictors for bacterial infections (p-values = 0.024, 0.029, and 0.039, respectively). Most patients received antimicrobial therapy (93.8%), including last-resort carbapenems (52.7%) and colistin (8.9%). Thirty-three bacterial isolates were identified, with secondary infections doubling co-infection rates. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common co-infecting species, while Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species were more frequently associated with secondary infections. Alarmingly, 84.8% of isolates displayed high resistance patterns. All isolated S. aureus species were methicillin-resistant, and 62.5% of Gram-negative bacteria were exclusively sensitive to colistin.
Conclusions: The dominance of highly transmissible hospital-acquired bacterial species, with increased resistance and extensive antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients, necessitates strict infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. Developing customized antimicrobial strategies for cancer patients with COVID-19 is crucial to managing bacterial infections effectively and improving patient outcomes.
Lysimachia ailaoshanensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China
Authors: Yan Hai-Fei , Hao Gang
Published: September 2024

A new species, Lysimachia ailaoshanensis is described and illustrated. In gross morphology it is evidently allied to subgen. Palladia sect. Chenopodiopsis and is most similar to L. chenopodioides and L. remotiflora, but is distinguished from L. chenopodioides by narrower lanceolate leaf blade and longer pedicel, and longer stamens and styles, and from L. remotiflora by narrower leaf blade and longer stamens.
The Long-term and Large-scale Context of the Ethno-religious Conflict in Cyprus
Authors: Hadjikyriakou Antonis
Published: September 2024

À quoi ressemblerait une vision macroscopique, dans le temps et dans l’espace, du conflit ethno-religieux à Chypre ? Elle nécessiterait tout d’abord un examen des facteurs ne se limitant pas au domaine des idées et de la culture, comme le font les approches existantes, et intégrerait les dimensions climatiques, environnementales, sociales et économiques. Deuxièmement, il faudrait nécessairement adopter une vision qui s’étende bien au-delà des côtes de l’île pour englober, au minimum, le cadre méditerranéen au sens large. Troisièmement, elle ne peut se permettre d’ignorer la dimension mondiale. La récente efflorescence d’études sur l’histoire du capitalisme fournit un matériau abondant pour réfléchir aux formes d’engagement de Chypre dans ce phénomène mondial par excellence. Synthétisant les différents récits de l’historiographie méditerranéenne, l’article propose d’examiner six processus méditerranéens distincts, mais qui se chevauchent et sont interconnectés, et leur reflet dans la localité chypriote de la fin de la période médiévale jusqu’au milieu du XIX e siècle. À la fin de la période considérée, l’effet combiné de ces processus a créé un milieu où le conflit ethno-religieux s’est accéléré, préparant le terrain pour les événements beaucoup plus troublants et traumatisants du vingtième siècle sur l’île.