bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-genome sequencing provides insights into a novel species:
Providencia hangzhouensis
associated with urinary tract infections
Authors: Dong Xu , Yu Yuyun , Liu Jiaying , Cao Dan , Xiang Yanghui , Bi Kefan , Yuan Xin , Li Shengchao , Wu Tiantian , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2023

Providencia rettgeri
is a clinically significant opportunistic pathogen that is involved in urinary tract infections. Due to the resolution limitations of identification, distinguishing
P. rettgeri
from closely related species is challenging by commercial biochemical test systems. Here, we first reported a novel species,
Providencia hangzhouensis
, which had been misidentified as
P. rettgeri
. Exhibiting ≤91.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) and ≤46.10% in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values with all known
Providencia
species,
P. hangzhouensis
falls well beneath the established species-defining thresholds. We conducted a population genomics analysis of
P. hangzhouensis
isolates worldwide. Our study revealed that
P. hangzhouensis
has emerged in many countries and has formed several transmission clusters. We found that
P. hangzhouensis
shared the highest ANI values (91.54% and 91.97%) with
P. rettgeri
and
P. huaxiensis
, respectively. The pan-genome analysis revealed that these three species possessed a similar component of pan-genomes. Two genes associated with metabolism,
folE2
and
ccmM
, were identified to be specific to
P. hangzhouensis
. Furthermore, we also observed that carbapenem-resistance genes frequently occur in
P. hangzhouensis
with the
bla
IMP-27
being the most prevalent (46.15%; 36/78). The emergence of
P. hangzhouensis
is often accompanied by extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenem-resistance genes, and calls for tailored surveillance of this species as a clinically relevant species in the future.

IMPORTANCE

Our study has identified and characterized a novel species,
Providencia hangzhouensis
, which is associated with urinary tract infections and was previously misidentified as
Providencia rettgeri
. Through this study, we have identified specific genes unique to
P. hangzhouensis
, which could serve as marker genes for rapid PCR identification. Additionally, our findings suggest that the emergence of
P. hangzhouensis
is often accompanied by extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenem-resistance genes, emphasizing the need for attention to clinical management and the importance of accurate species identification and proper drug use.
Genomic epidemiology of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in Shenzhen, China, during 2019–2020: increased spread of ceftriaxone-resistant isolates brings insights for strengthening public health responses
Authors: Wang Di , Li Yamei , Zhang Chi , Zeng Yaling , Peng Junping , Wang Feng
Published: September 2023

The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gonorrhea poses global threat of increasing public health concern. In response to this concern, molecular surveillance has been widely utilized to detail the changes in the evolution and distribution of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
during AMR transmission. In this study, we performed a comprehensive molecular surveillance of 664
N
.
gonorrhoeae
isolates collected in Shenzhen, one of the cities with the largest mobile population in China, 2019–2020. In 2020, ceftriaxone showed an unprecedented high resistance rate of 24.87%, and 67.83% of the ceftriaxone-resistant (Cro-R) isolates harbored a nonmosaic
penA
allele. The Cro-R isolates with nonmosaic
penA
alleles showed a tremendous increasing trend from 0.00% in 2014 to 20.45% in 2020, which proves the need for monitoring nonmosaic
penA
-related resistance. Importantly, genotyping indicated that multilocus sequence typing ST11231 (35.71%) had a notable rate of ceftriaxone resistance, which might become the focus of future surveillance. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the internationally spreading FC428 clones have circulated in Shenzhen region with typical ceftriaxone resistance (MIC ≥ 0.5 mg/L) maintained. Our surveillance combined with genomic analysis provides current information to update gonorrhea management guidelines and emphasizes that continuous AMR surveillance for
N. gonorrhoeae
is essential.

IMPORTANCE

We conducted a comprehensive molecular epidemiology analysis for antimicrobial-resistant
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in Shenzhen during 2019–2020, which provided important data for personalized treatment and adjustment of monitoring strategy. Briefly, the proportion of ceftriaxone-resistant (Cro-R) isolates reached a stunning prevalence rate of 24.87% in 2020. A typical increment of Cro-R isolates with nonmosaic
penA
alleles proves the necessity of monitoring nonmosaic AMR mechanism and involving it into developing molecular detection methods. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the international spreading FC428 clone has been circulating in Shenzhen with typical ceftriaxone resistance (MIC ≥ 0.5 mg/L) maintained. In summary, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiology study, providing significant data for therapy management. Our results not only improve the understanding of the distribution and transmission of AMR in
N. gonorrhoeae
but also provide effective AMR data for improving surveillance strategies in China.
Heterologous expression of
mtf
and
mtc
genes of
Pseudanabaena foetida
var.
intermedia
is sufficient to produce 2-methylisoborneol in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Dayarathne Kaushalya , Ishikawa Toshiki , Watanabe Satoru , Ishikawa Yuuma , Aikeranmu Kadeer , Kitagawaa Hina , Komatsubara Natsumi , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Kawai-Yamada Maki
Published: September 2023

Microbial volatile metabolite 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) causes odor and taste issues in drinking water, making it unappealing for human consumption. It has been suggested that 2-MIB biosynthesis consists of two main steps, namely, methylation of geranyl diphosphate into 2-methyl geranyl diphosphate by geranyl diphosphate methyl transferase (GPPMT) and subsequent cyclization into 2-MIB by 2-MIB synthase (MIBS).
Pseudanabaena foetida
var.
intermedia
is a 2-MIB-producing cyanobacterium whose GPPMT and MIBS enzymes are encoded by adjacent
mtf
and
mtc
genes
.
The present study identified a 2-MIB-related gene cluster composed of
cnb
A,
mtf
,
mtc
, and
cnb
B genes in
P
.
foetida
var.
intermedia
. The two homologous cyclic nucleotide-binding protein genes,
cnb
A and
cnb
B, were detected adjacent to the
mtf
and
mtc
genes, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the
cnb
A-
mtf-mtc-cnb
B gene cluster showed 99.55% identity with 2-MIB synthesis-associated gene cluster of
Pseudanabaena
sp. dqh15. RT-PCR results revealed that
mtf
and
mtc
genes are co-expressed, while
cnb
A and
cnb
B genes are expressed independently in
P
.
foetida
var.
intermedia
. To investigate whether only
mtf
and
mtc
genes are sufficient for 2-MIB synthesis, the two-gene unit (
mtf-mtc
) was introduced into
Escherichia coli
strain JM109 via overexpression vector pYS1C. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry results showed that the
E. coli
strain transformed with
mtf-mtc
was able to produce 2-MIB. The intracellular 2-MIB level in
P
.
foetida
var.
intermedia
was higher than the extracellular 2-MIB level, while the transformed
E. coli
strain showed an opposite trend. Growth inhibition was observed in the 2-MIB-producing transformed
E. coli
strain.

IMPORTANCE

Contamination of drinking water with odiferous microbial metabolite 2-MIB is a worldwide concern. Removal of 2-MIB from drinking water burdens the water purification process. Therefore, it is important to search for alternative methods, such as suppressing the production of 2-MIB by aquatic microorganisms. For that, it is necessary to expand the current knowledge about the mechanism of 2-MIB synthesis at the genetic level. This study revealed that
mtf
and
mtc
genes of the 2-MIB-related gene cluster are transcribed as a single unit in
P
.
foetida
var.
intermedia
, and the expression of both
mtf
and
mtc
genes is essential and sufficient for 2-MIB synthesis in
E. coli
heterologous gene expression system.
Potential quorum-sensing inhibitor of
Hafnia alvei
H4—theaflavin-3,3´-digallate analyzed by virtual screening and molecular simulation
Authors: Li Xue , Yan Congyang , Wang Yanan , Zhang Gongliang , Bi Jingran , Hao Hongshun , Hou Hongman
Published: September 2023

Hafnia
species can cause food spoilage via the quorum-sensing (QS) system. Thus, strategies that target QS in these bacteria might be a good approach to safeguard the quality of processed food. In this study, the amino acid sequence of the LasI

Ha

protein, a key QS regulator from
Hafnia alvei
H4, was used to construct its 3D structure for the virtual screening of potential QS inhibitors (QSIs) from the Bioactive Compound database. Four potential QSIs were obtained, and these were all theaflavins (TFs). Among them, theaflavin-3,3´-digallate (TF3) was found to outperform the others, displaying a higher docking score according to molecular docking analysis, and required only a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (31.25 mM) to cause a significant decrease in the production of the autoinducer N-acyl homoserine lactone in
H. alvei
H4 and up to 60.5% inhibition of its motility. Furthermore, molecular simulation results indicated that TF3 could stably bind to a cavity within LasI

Ha

to form stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with various key residues of the protein to exert the inhibitory effect. Thus, TF3 may be considered a potential compound to protect against food spoilage caused by
H. alvei
H4 via the quorum quenching.

IMPORTANCE

Hafnia alvei
, the main strain studied in this paper, is often isolated from spoiled foods, especially refrigerated protein-based raw foods, and is generally considered to be a spoilage bacterium whose spoilage-causing properties may be closely related to its own very strong population-sensing activity, so the strategy of quorum quenching against
H. alvei
H4 may be a good way to guarantee the quality of processed foods. Given the current global requirements for food safety and quality, coupled with negative consumer perceptions of the excessive inclusion of synthetic chemicals in food products, the use of natural compounds as QSIs in the storage of aquatic food products would seem more attractive.
In vitro
activities of contezolid (MRX-I) against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: An Huiru , Sun Wenna , Liu Xiao , Wang Tianhao , Qiao Juan , Liang Jianqin
Published: September 2023

A novel oxazolidinone for the treatment of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
has been developed, but the activity of contezolid (MRX-I) still needs to be clarified. In this study, we isolated
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
from 48 clinical patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Roche drug susceptibility tests identified drug-sensitive and 39 drug-resistant
M. tuberculosis
isolates. Drug susceptibility assays indicated that MRX-I exhibited anti-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant isolates, with an advantage against drug-resistant isolates. The results also showed that the anti-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
activity was comparable to that of linezolid.

IMPORTANCE

Currently,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
has exhibited increased drug resistance, leading to ineffective drug treatment in many patients with tuberculosis. Among the anti-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
drugs, oxazolidinones have been gradually developed. Contezolid (MRX-I) has been newly developed in China with advantages versus the first oxazolidinone antibiotic approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use, but the anti-
M. tuberculosis
activity needs to be further clarified. In this study, in vitro activities of MRX-I against
M. tuberculosis
were tested. The drug susceptibility assays indicated that MRX-I exhibited anti-
M. tuberculosis
activity comparable to that of linezolid, with an advantage against drug-resistant isolates.
Ongoing fragmentation of the subducting Cocos slab, Central America
Authors: Xue Tu , Peng Diandian , Liu Kelly H. , Obrist-Farner Jonathan , Locmelis Marek , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Lijun
Published: September 2023

Fundamental to plate tectonics is the subduction of cold and mechanically strong oceanic plates. While the subducted plates are conventionally regarded to be impermeable to mantle flow and separate the mantle wedge and the subslab region, isolated openings have been proposed. By combining new shear wave splitting measurements with results from geodynamic modeling and recent seismic tomography and geochemical observations, we show that the upper ~200 km of the Cocos slab in northern Central America is intensively fractured. The slab there is strong enough to produce typical arc volcanoes and Benioff Zone earthquakes but allows mantle flow to traverse from the subslab region to the mantle wedge. Upwelling of hot subslab mantle flow through the slab provides a viable explanation for the behind-the-volcanic-front volcanoes that are geochemically distinct from typical arc volcanoes, and for the puzzling high heat flow, high elevation, and low Bouguer gravity anomalies observed in northern Central America.
Correlation of Short-Period Wave Disturbances of the Peak Electron Density of the F2 Layer and the Total Electron Content in the Ionosphere
Authors: Perevalova N. P. , Ratovsky K. G. , Zherebtsov G. A. , Yasyukevich A. S.
Published: September 2023

Correlation analysis of short-period (periods less than 24 h) wave disturbances of the maximum electron density in the F2 layer (NmF2) and the total electron content (TEC) was analyzed based on the data of the vertical ionosonde sounding and receiver of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems operating in Irkutsk. The measurement data in the period 2003–2020, which included almost two solar cycles, have been processed. It was found that the most likely case is a high positive correlation of short-period NmF2 and TEC disturbances. The number of cases of strong positive correlation increases (from 53 to 66%), and the number of cases of positive and negative weak correlation decreases (from 46 to 33%) as the solar and geomagnetic activity increases. During strong geomagnetic storms, the highest correlation (up toR= 0.89) is observed in the main phase of the storm and then decreases in the recovery phase to negativeRvalues. Possible physical mechanisms of the results are considered.
Circulating metabolites improve the prediction of renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Trischitta Vincenzo , Mastroianno Mario , Scarale Maria Giovanna , Prehn Cornelia , Salvemini Lucia , Fontana Andrea , Adamski Jerzy , Schena Francesco Paolo , Cosmo Salvatore De , Copetti Massimiliano , Menzaghi Claudia
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a leading cause of reduced lifespan in type 2 diabetes. Unravelling biomarkers capable to identify high-risk patients can help tackle this burden. We investigated the association between 188 serum metabolites and kidney function in type 2 diabetes and then whether the associated metabolites improve two established clinical models for predicting GFR decline in these patients.

Research design and methods

Two cohorts comprising 849 individuals with type 2 diabetes (discovery and validation samples) and a follow-up study of 575 patients with estimated GFR (eGFR) decline were analyzed.

Results

Ten metabolites were independently associated with low eGFR in the discovery sample, with nine of them being confirmed also in the validation sample (ORs range 1.3–2.4 per 1SD, p values range 1.9×10−2–2.5×10−9). Of these, five metabolites were also associated with eGFR decline (ie, tiglylcarnitine, decadienylcarnitine, total dimethylarginine, decenoylcarnitine and kynurenine) (β range −0.11 to −0.19, p values range 4.8×10−2to 3.0×10−3). Indeed, tiglylcarnitine and kynurenine, which captured all the information of the other three markers, improved discrimination and reclassification (all p<0.01) of two clinical prediction models of GFR decline in people with diabetes.

Conclusions

Further studies are needed to validate our findings in larger cohorts of different clinical, environmental and genetic background.
Omalizumab for Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma in real-world clinical setting: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Wang Wen , Li Jieying , Zou Congying , Zhao Lifang , Zhu Ya , Guo Yue , Wang Feiran
Published: September 2023

Background

We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody, in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma in real-world clinical practice.

Methods

This single-centre, prospective, observational study included Chinese patients aged 14–75 years with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria. Omalizumab was administered subcutaneously, and the investigator collected real-world data on exacerbations, steroid exposure, pulmonary function and laboratory assessments at weeks 16, 24, 52, 104 and 156 after treatment initiation. The primary outcome was reduced exacerbations, measured as the proportion of patients with exacerbations in the year following omalizumab initiation. Bowker’s test for paired proportions was performed to compare exacerbation rates before and after treatment initiation. A generalised linear mixed model was used to compare the number of exacerbations.

Results

The mean treatment duration was 46.6 weeks for the full analysis set (n=398). The proportion of patients with exacerbations in the year before and after omalizumab initiation was 80.4% (181/225) and 18.7% (42/225) (difference: −61.8%, 95% CI −68.5 to –54.0, p<0.0001), respectively. At week 52, 67.4% of patients discontinued oral corticosteroids, and 19.5% reduced inhaled corticosteroids. The Asthma Control Test scores increased by 4.6 at week 52 from baseline (p<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s increased by 11.2% and 9.0% at weeks 24 and 52, respectively, from baseline (p<0.01). Injection site reactions (5.2%) were the most frequently reported adverse event.

Conclusions

In real-world clinical practice, omalizumab treatment remarkably reduced exacerbations in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Omalizumab reduced the use of oral corticosteroids and improved asthma control and pulmonary function.
Health problems occurring in national-level female soccer players are different between leagues and throughout the season: a 6-month prospective cohort study
Authors: Dettwiler Anna , Wieloch Nora , Fröhlich Stefan , Imhoff Florian , Scherr Johannes , Spörri Jörg
Published: September 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the prevalence and severity of health problems in national-level female soccer players with respect to league and seasonality.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, 46 female soccer players aged 22.8±3.9 years playing in the three highest leagues in Switzerland were surveyed biweekly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre health problem (OSTRC-H) questionnaire. All definitions and measures followed the OSTRC-H-specific recommendations. The 6-month observation period included parts of the off-season and one half of the match season.

Results

The average 2-weekly health problem prevalence was 37.3% (illnesses: 8.8%; sudden onset injuries—both acute and repetitive mechanisms: 19.7%; repetitive gradual onset injuries: 12.4%) and 25.1% for substantial problems as defined in the OSTRC-H context (7.3%; 12.0% and 7.3%, respectively). The absolute injury rates amounted to 148 injuries per 100 players per half season, of which 96 injuries per 100 players per half season were substantial. Female players in the 2nd and 3rd highest national leagues showed more gradual onset injuries (p<0.001) and fewer illnesses than those in the top league (p<0.05). At the same time, there were no league-specific differences in sudden onset injuries. Such injuries had a higher cumulative severity score than gradual onset injuries. Among sudden onset injuries, the ankle was the most affected body part, while the thigh was affected by for gradual onset injuries. The average 2-weekly health problem prevalence values steadily increased during the match season.

Conclusion

Among national-level female soccer players, the risk of health problems is relatively high and differs between leagues and across seasons.
Disruption of CerS6-mediated sphingolipid metabolism by FTO deficiency aggravates ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ma Yanru , Zhang Xinyu , Xuan Baoqin , Li Danjie , Yin Nan , Ning Lijun , Zhou Yi-Lu , Yan Yuqing , Tong Tianying , Zhu Xiaoqiang , Huang Xiaowen , Hu Muni , Wang Zhenhua , Cui Zhe , Li Huabin , Wang Jiqiu , Fang Jing-Yuan , Liu Ruixin , Chen Haoyan , Hong Jie
Published: September 2023

Background and aims

Deregulation of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) influences intestinal immune cells and leads to intestinal inflammation. We studied the function of fat mass-and obesity-associated protein (FTO), one of the m6A demethylases, in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

We analysed colon tissues of Ftoflox/flox; Villin-cre mice and their Ftoflox/floxlittermates with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) using real-time PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing. RNA and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing were used to analyse immunocytes and IECs. Macrophages were treated with conditioned medium of FTO-knockdown MODE-K cells or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and analysed for gene expression. Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry identified C16-ceramide.

Results

FTO downregulation was identified in our in-house cohort and external cohorts of UC patients. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, increased infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages, and enhanced differentiation of Th17 cells were observed in Ftoflox/flox;Villin-cre mice under DSS treatment. FTO deficiency resulted in an increase in m6A modification and a decrease in mRNA stability of CerS6, the gene encoding ceramide synthetase, leading to the downregulation of CerS6 and the accumulation of S1P in IECs. Subsequentially, the secretion of S1P by IECs triggered proinflammatory macrophages to secrete serum amyloid A protein 1/3, ultimately inducing Th17 cell differentiation. In addition, through bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation, we identified UC patients with lower FTO expression might respond better to vedolizumab treatment.

Conclusions

FTO downregulation promoted UC by decreasing CerS6 expression, leading to increased S1P accumulation in IECs and aggravating colitis via m6A-dependent mechanisms. Lower FTO expression in UC patients may enhance their response to vedolizumab treatment.
Comparative analysis of long term effectiveness of Neuroform Atlas stent versus low profile visualized intraluminal stent/Woven EndoBridge devices in treatment of wide necked intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Salem Mohamed M , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Price Lori Lyn , Zaidat Osama O
Published: September 2023

Background

We compared the outcomes of wide necked aneurysms (WNA) treated with the Neuroform Atlas with those treated with the low profile visualized intraluminal stent (LVIS) or the Woven EndoBridge (WEB).

Methods

Objective, prospectively collected, core laboratory adjudicated data from published trials for the Neuroform Atlas, LVIS, and WEB devices were reviewed. ATLAS (Safety and Effectiveness of the Treatment of Wide Neck, Saccular Intracranial Aneurysms With the Neuroform Atlas Stent System) study patients were included if they met other studies’ inclusion criteria. Outcomes included (1) primary effectiveness (complete aneurysmal occlusion without retreatment/>50% parent vessel stenosis), (2) primary safety, (3) complete aneurysmal occlusion, and (4) retreatment rates (outcomes evaluated at the 12 month follow-up). Matching adjusted indirect comparison analysis was used to compare outcomes.

Results

Analytical samples included 141 ATLAS subjects meeting WEB-IT (Woven EndoBridge Intrasaccular Therapy Study) criteria (ATLAS/WEB-IT) and 241 meeting LVIS (Pivotal Study of the Low Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support) criteria (ATLAS/LVIS). ATLAS/WEB-IT exhibited significantly higher rates of primary effectiveness and complete occlusion versus WEB (86.6% vs 53.9 %, P<0.0001, and 90.3% vs 53.9%, P<0.0001, respectively). For LVIS, there was no significant differences in primary effectiveness rates between ATLAS and LVIS (84.2% vs 77.7%, respectively, P=0.12). However, ATLAS/LVIS had a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving complete occlusion than LVIS (88.1 vs 79.1, P=0.03). Retreatment rates and primary safety outcomes were not significantly different (P>0.05) for the Atlas versus other devices except for a lower retreatment rate for ATLAS/WEB-IT versus WEB-IT (2.4% vs 9.8%, P=0.01).

Conclusion

The Neuroform Atlas provided higher occlusion rates and similar retreatment rates in comparable datasets compared with LVIS and WEB devices when treating WNA.
Derivation and validation of a predictive scale to expedite endovascular intervention for acute stroke patients with an intervenable vessel occlusion
Authors: Ren Zeguang , Wangqin Runqi , Demiraj Francis , Li Weizhe , Mokin Maxim , Wang Anxin , Miao Zhongrong , Wang Yongjun , Burgin W Scott
Published: September 2023

Background

Early endovascular intervention team mobilization may reduce reperfusion times and improve clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with a possible intervenable vessel occlusion (IVO). In an emergency department or mobile stroke unit, incorporating rapidly available non-contrast CT (NCCT) information with examination findings may improve the accuracy of arterial occlusion prediction scales. For this purpose, we developed a rapid and straightforward IVO predictive instrument—the T3AM2PA1scale.

Methods

The T3AM2PA1scale was retrospectively derived from our ‘Get with the Guidelines’ database. We included all patients with acute stroke alert between January 2017 and August 2018 with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score between 5 and 25 inclusive. Different pre-intervention variables were collected, including itemized NIHSS and NCCT information. The T3AM2PA1scale was also compared with other commonly used scales and was validated in a separate sequential retrospective cohort of patients with a full range of NIHSS scores.

Results

574 eligible patients from 2115 acute stroke alerts were identified. The scale was established with five items (CT hyperdense sign, parenchymal hypodensity, lateralizing hemiparesis, gaze deviation, and language disturbance), with a total score of 9. To minimize unnecessary angiography, a cut-off of ≥5 for IVO detection yielded a sensitivity of 52%, a specificity of 90%, and a positive predictive value of 76%.

Conclusions

The T3AM2PA1scale accurately predicts the presence of clinical IVO in patients with AIS. Adopting the T3AM2PA1scale could reduce revascularization times, improve treatment outcomes, and potentially reduce disability.
Identification of the first signs or symptoms in different spondyloarthritis subtypes and their association with HLA-B27: data from REGISPONSER and RESPONDIA registries
Authors: Puche-Larrubia María Ángeles , Ladehesa-Pineda Lourdes , Vázquez-Mellado Janitzia , Escudero-Contreras Alejandro , Gratacós Jordi , Juanola Xavier , Collantes-Estévez Eduardo , Font-Ugalde Pilar , López-Medina Clementina
Published: September 2023

Objective

To describe and analyse the initial symptoms attributable to patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and their association with HLA-B27 status.

Methods

This was an observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study with patients who fulfilled the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group criteria for SpA from the Registry of Spondyloarthritis of Spanish Rheumatology (REGISPONSER) and Ibero-American Registry of Spondyloarthropathies (RESPONDIA) united registries. Differences in the first sign(s) or symptom(s) were compared across diagnoses and between HLA-B27 status. The diagnostic delay between patients who start the disease with musculoskeletal manifestations (MMs) and extra-MMs (EMMs) was compared.

Results

A total of 4067 patients were included (2208 from REGISPONSER and 1859 from RESPONDIA) (ankylosing spondylitis (AS): 68.3%, psoriatic arthritis (PsA): 19.9%, undifferentiated SpA: 11.8%). Overall, 3624 (89.1%) patients initiated the disease with MMs and 443 (10.9%) with EMMs. Low back pain (61.7%) and lower-limb arthritis (38.5%) were the most frequent initial symptoms. In AS patients, the absence of HLA-B27 seems to be related to an increase in the probability of starting the disease with cervical pain and peripheral manifestations. In PsA, the onset of arthritis and psoriasis was more prevalent in HLA-B27-negative patients, while initiation with axial manifestations was more predominant in HLA-B27-positive patients. The diagnostic delay was longer in patients with initial MMs than in those with EMMs (7.2 (34.8) vs 4.5 (7.6) years, respectively).

Conclusion

In this SpA population, MMs were the most prevalent initial symptoms, with differences across diagnoses and depending on the presence of the HLA-B27 antigen.
Spontaneous resolution of acute gout: mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Shi Meiling , Luo Jiao , Ding Liting , Duan Lihua
Published: September 2023

Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis that has been increasing in both prevalence and incidence. Consequently, management of refractory and chronic gout has been gaining attention. Onset of gout is related to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals under hyperuricaemia. Interestingly, acute gout attacks often resolve spontaneously within 7–10 days, and many studies have confirmed the notion that gout flares can be self-relieved. However, the underlying mechanism for spontaneous remission of gout requires further elucidation. In this article, we summarise the roles and mechanisms related to spontaneous remission of gout, which are essential for understanding its pathogenesis and developing potential targeted therapies.
Novel electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules: a prospective, multicentre study
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Wei , Xie Fangfang , Huang Rui , Liu Xiang , Xiao Yang , Cao Liming , Hu Yi , Ke Mingyao , Wu Shiman , Sun Jiayuan
Published: September 2023

Background

Traditional electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a real-time image-guided system and used with thick bronchoscopes for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs). A novel ENB that could be used with thin bronchoscopes was developed. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield and the experience of using this ENB system in a real clinical scenario.

Methods

This multicentre study enrolled consecutive patients with PPNs adopting ENB from March 2019 to August 2021. ENB was performed with different bronchoscopes, ancillary techniques and sampling instruments according to the characteristics of the nodule and the judgement of the operator. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic yield. The secondary endpoints included the diagnostic yield of subgroups, procedural details and complication rate.

Results

In total, 479 patients with 479 nodules were enrolled in this study. The median lesion size was 20.9 (IQR, 15.9–25.9) mm. The overall diagnostic yield was 74.9% (359/479). A thin bronchoscope was used in 96.2% (461/479) nodules. ENB in combination with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS), a guide sheath (GS) and a thin bronchoscope was the most widely used guided method, producing a diagnostic yield of 74.1% (254/343). The median total procedural time was 1325.0 (IQR, 1014.0–1676.0) s. No severe complications occurred.

Conclusion

This novel ENB system can be used in combination with different bronchoscopes, ancillary techniques and sampling instruments with a high diagnostic yield and safety profile for the diagnosis of PPNs, of which the combination of thin bronchoscope, rEBUS and GS was the most common method in clinical practice.

Trial registration number

NCT03716284.
Efficient negative-weight elimination in large high-multiplicity Monte Carlo event samples
Authors: Andersen Jeppe R. , Maier Andreas , Maître Daniel
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate that cell resampling can eliminate the bulk of negative event weights in large event samples of high multiplicity processes without discernible loss of accuracy in the predicted observables. The application of cell resampling to much larger data sets and higher multiplicity processes such as vector boson production with up to five jets has been made possible by improvements in the method paired with drastic enhancement of the computational efficiency of the implementation.
Thick branes via higher order field theory models with exponential and power-law tails
Authors: Peyravi Marzieh , Nazifkar Samira , Lobo Francisco S. N. , Javidan Kurosh
Published: September 2023

In this work, we obtain exact thick brane models in $$4+1$$

4
+
1

dimensions generated by higher order field theory kinks, inspired by specific potentials for $$\phi ^{10}$$

ϕ
10

and $$\phi ^{18}$$

ϕ
18

models. We verify that the geodesic equation along the fifth dimension confirms the confining effects of the scalar field on the brane for all of these models. These models provide new solutions with exponential and power-law tails which live in different topological sectors. We show that the resulting branes of specific exponential law models do not possess $$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetry. Furthermore, we examine the stability of the thick branes, by determining the sign of the $$w^2$$

w
2

term in the expansion of the potential for the resulting Schrödinger-like equation. It turns out that two of the three models of the $$\phi ^{10}$$

ϕ
10

brane are stable, while another contains unstable modes for certain ranges of the model parameters. We also show that the brane solution from the specific $$\phi ^{18}$$

ϕ
18

models are stable, while the others involve neutral equilibrium. The asymptotic behaviour of the brane solutions are also discussed.
An axially symmetric spacetime with causality violation in Ricci-inverse gravity
Authors: de Souza J. C. R. , Santos A. F.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, Ricci-inverse gravity is investigated. It is an alternative theory of gravity that introduces into the Einstein–Hilbert action an anti-curvature scalar that is obtained from the anti-curvature tensor which is the inverse of the Ricci tensor. An axially symmetric spacetime with causality violation is studied. Two classes of the model are discussed. Different sources of matter are considered. Then a direct relation between the content of matter and causality violation is shown. Our results confirm that Ricci-inverse gravity allows the existence of Closed Time-like Curves (CTCs) that lead to the violation of causality. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the results of general relativity and Ricci-inverse gravity. Other spacetimes, such as Gödel and Gödel-type universes, which are exact solutions of general relativity and allow for causality violations, are also explored in Ricci-inverse gravity framework.
Research Progress and New Perspectives of Anticancer Effects of Emodin
Authors: Liu Wu , Qaed Eskandar , Zhu Yuelin , Tian Wenzhang , Wang Yizhen , Kang Le , Ma Xiaodong , Tang Zeyao
Published: September 2023

Emodin is a natural compound found in several traditional Chinese medicines, including Rheum palmatum and Polygonum cuspidatum. Recent studies have shown that emodin exhibits potent anticancer effects against a variety of cancer types, including liver, breast, lung, and colon cancer. Emodin’s anticancer effects are mediated through several mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress and new perspectives on emodin’s anticancer effect. We summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying emodin’s anticancer activity, including its effects on signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways. We also discuss the potential of emodin as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment, including its use in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and as a sensitizer for radiotherapy. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in the development of emodin derivatives and their potential as novel anticancer agents. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of emodin’s anticancer properties into clinical applications, including the need for further preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate its safety and efficacy. In conclusion, emodin represents a promising natural compound with potent anticancer properties, and its potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment warrants further investigation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research progress and new perspectives on emodin’s anticancer effects, which may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
A review on anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bairathi Vipul , Nayak Kishora
Published: September 2023

We present a review of published experimental measurements on anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions. Flow coefficients [Formula: see text] are presented for charged and identified hadrons at various beam energies ranging from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV to 200[Formula: see text]GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We present [Formula: see text] and its slope [Formula: see text] and discuss possible first-order Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition. [Formula: see text] of particles containing heavy quarks (Charm quarks) is also discussed to illustrate the effect of the magnetic field produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We also present flow harmonics ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) for inclusive charged and identified hadrons. We compare the charged particle [Formula: see text] coefficients with hydrodynamics to study and constrain initial conditions in the transport models. The results of identified particle [Formula: see text] from ideal and viscous hydrodynamics are discussed to understand the dynamics and mechanism of particle production in high-energy nuclear collisions.
Enhancing second harmonic generation of monolayer WS2 with edge plasmon
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wang Min , Ni Bo , Xie Jiaxin , Wang Tianjie , Sun Yu , Wang Rui , Chang Jianhua , Cui Qiannan
Published: September 2023

Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers possess large second-order nonlinear susceptibility and have shown great potentials in on-chip nonlinear optical devices. However, the thickness of TMD monolayers is less than 1[Formula: see text]nm, resulting in a rather low second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency. In this paper, we propose a physical scheme of enhancing SHG of TMD monolayers with edge plasmon. As a proof of concept demonstration, we constructed a hexagonal gold nanoplates/monolayer WS2 heterostructure with high interface quality. By performing SHG measurements, we show that SHG was enhanced by a factor of about 60. Our results set a foundation for on-chip nonlinear optical applications with TMD monolayers.
Evaluation of Magnetic Hyperthermia Efficiency of PEG-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Srivastava Neha , Baranwal Manoj , Chudasama Bhupendra
Published: September 2023

Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia has drawn considerable interest in cancer therapy. In this study, we report the synthesis of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and evaluate their suitability for magnetic hyperthermia applications. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation method, which are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Synthesized nanoparticles possess inverse-spinel structural with a crystallite size of 9.1[Formula: see text]nm. From the M-H hysteresis loops, it was confirmed that the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were superparamagnetic. The physical size of bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles, as determined from the HR-TEM, is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, and the corresponding hydrodynamic size of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm. Magnetic hyperthermia efficiency of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was determined as a function of magnetic field frequency (162–935.6[Formula: see text]kHz), field strength (5–12[Formula: see text]mT) and nanoparticle concentration (1–100[Formula: see text]mg/mL). Temperature rise in an aqueous dispersion of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was measured for 20[Formula: see text]min. The specific loss power (SLP) was calculated by the corrected slope method. SLP values of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles increase with magnetic field frequency and field strength and decrease with nanoparticle concentration. The optimum hyperthermia performance of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was observed for 935.6[Formula: see text]kHz frequency, 10[Formula: see text]mT field strength and 25[Formula: see text]mg/mL concentration. Under these conditions, the measured SLP of PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 4.43[Formula: see text]W/g. These results show that the synthesized PEG-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be a potential candidate for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer.
THE POLICY EFFECT OF CARBON EMISSIONS TRADING ON GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION — EVIDENCE FROM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN CHINA
Authors: DU JIANG , ZENG MIAO , DENG XIN
Published: September 2023

Based on the panel data of listed Chinese manufacturing enterprises from 2007 to 2019, this study uses the difference-in-differences-based propensity score matching method (PSM-DID) to explore the policy effect of carbon emissions trading on green technology innovation in manufacturing from the perspective of independent innovation of enterprises. The conclusions of this study show that: (1) Carbon emissions trading has significantly improved the level of green technology innovation of manufacturing enterprises; (2) the policy effect of carbon emissions trading on the green patent application is more than twice as much as on green utility model patent application. Compared with green utility model patent, the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading has a more significant and greater policy effect on the green invention patent application; (3) the private enterprises are more sensitive to the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading than state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The carbon emissions trading in China effectively promotes low-carbon and green development of enterprises.
Modeling Global and Local Aspects of Spatial Structure Explicitly in Land-Use Optimization: The Case of Mek’ele City, Ethiopia
Authors: MEHARI Ashenafi , GENOVESE Paolo Vincenzo
Published: September 2023

Urban spatial structure remains the center of quest and modeling. The decentralization concept is among the leading literature discourses that guide spatial analyses. In line with the decentralization discourse, the application of land-use optimization as a modeling method has grown significantly. Despite decentralization dominating the contemporary spatial analysis literature, no study so far explicitly declares an end to the centers (and subcenters). While centers (and subcenters) are alive, the land-use optimization has never taken this macro-morphological structure into consideration. This case study frames land-use optimization within the agglomeration and decentralization concepts based on the view that no single conceptual framework addresses spatial analysis sufficiently. On a theoretical level, the link is between coarse morphological assumption (basis of economic geography) and decentralization (basis of sustainable built environment). The paper blends these dual theories, one governing urban macro-morphological structures and the other governing decentralization literature. On a methodological modeling level, it blends centers and other discretized uses. Optimizing four objectives across the complete centralization through multiple centers of gravity to complete the decentralization of urban spatial structures applying Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, the case study findings justify the importance of explicit modeling of the macro-morphological element. It has been observed that multicenter urban forms perform well above both the single center and the dispersed scenarios. It is, therefore, argued that an appropriate approach to land-use optimization is modeling both the macro-spatial element and fine spatial elements. The result further indicates that local land-use planning regulations place the structure of city in a suboptimal state.
Supporting Workforce and Company Transformation Through the Labour Movement: Company Training Committees and Training and Placement Ecosystem
Authors: Tan Vivienne Pei Liang , Liw Dawn Seow Yuen
Published: September 2023

The Labour Movement has always been an anchoring force in Singapore, where the government, employers and unions work for a common cause. This tripartite partnership has enabled the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) to be progressive in its efforts to support workers’ skills upgrading to stay relevant. Amidst the dynamic economic landscape, this article explores how NTUC, through the Company Training Committee (CTC) partnerships and the NTUC Training and Placement (T&P) ecosystem, continues to achieve its core purpose of advancing workers’ interests while helping companies to meet their business outcomes.
Can We Do More to Help PMEs Overcome Disruption and Discrimination in the Next Normal?
Authors: Tay Patrick
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the key concerns and needs of professionals, managers and executives (PMEs) in Singapore. The top concerns of PMEs are lack of job security and the need for greater support in employment and training opportunities. Drawing on the findings from the joint National Trades Union Congress-Singapore National Employers Federation PME Taskforce report, this paper highlights key insights from the taskforce’s engagements and follows with a condensed discussion of recommendations to enhance the employment and employability of PMEs.
Supporting Youth to Realise Their Aspirations and Address Their Needs
Authors: Tan Wendy
Published: September 2023

This practitioner note examines the support Young NTUC, the youth wing of the National Trades Union Congress, offers to youth in Singapore. In such uncertain times and due to the wide variety of influences of which creates diversified new goals and values in life, youth’s motivations, needs and aspirations are constantly shifting, possibly on opposite ends of the spectrum. Most notably, mental well-being has come to the forefront of priorities amongst youth. This practitioner note will explain Young NTUC’s efforts in engaging youth to support them on their career and adulthood journey. Harnessing the strengths within the NTUC ecosystem and collaborating with like-minded partners, Young NTUC provides resources to help youth navigate their career journey confidently and develop their personal and professional selves. These efforts are continuously revised to holistically address issues of youth, with the latest effort being a year-long engagement to better address their work-life needs.
The effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy and endurance capacity across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Hogwood Austin C. , Ortiz de Zevallos Joaquin , Kruse Ka’eo , De Guzman Jeison , Buckley Meredith , Weltman Arthur , Allen Jason D.
Published: September 2023

Although inorganic nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has increased in popularity as a means of improving exercise performance, data in females at different phases of the menstrual cycle are lacking despite known interactions of estrogen with NO. This study revealed neither NO3−supplementation nor the menstrual cycle influenced exercise economy or vascular health in healthy young naturally menstruating females, while NO3−supplementation significantly worsened endurance capacity (10%) independent of the menstrual cycle phase.