bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic hydrogen production of Melon/Azodiphenylamine polymers
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Fan Chengbo , Zhai Yachao , Tang Yuhao , Hou Haopeng , Zhu Yaxin , Zhang Fengming
Published: November 2021

Hydrogen is one of the most attractive energy sources at present for its excellent properties, such as high energy density, clean and non-pollution energy. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is one of the ideal strategies to obtain hydrogen energy. This work aimed to improve the visible-light absorption ability of the structure similar to g-C3N4 by anchoring azo groups into the structure. By this, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the resulting product was improved apparently. We use melamine as starting material to prepare Melon, which was further reacted with KOH, PCl5 and 4, 4-Diaminoazobenzene to get the target Melon/4, 4-Diaminoazobenzene polymer. The condition influencing on the reaction was investigated, such as reaction temperature, the ratio of reactants and concentration of KOH solution. The structure of the as-synthesized polymer was determined IR, XRD, SEM, TGA and EIS. At the same time, its photocatalytic property was investigated.
Analisis Rekrutmen Calon Walikota Pada Pilkada Kota Banjar Tahun 2013
Authors: Tina Cahya Mulyatin  , Riza Purnama
Published: November 2021

Salah satu fungsi klasik dari partai politik adalah menyangkut peran partai dalam mencalonkan jabatan di semua tingkat pemerintahan. proses perekrutan di tubuh partai merupakan kebun rahasia yang hanya diketahui oleh partai itu sendiri. Tujuan dalam Penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalis  proses terbentuknya politik dinasti di kota Banjar serta menganalisis kualifikasi kandidat pada partai Golkar di  Pilkada Kota Banjar Jawa Barat tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori  kualitas kandidat dari  Jacobson dan Kernell dalam menjelaskan kualitas kandidat yang maju dari Partai Golkar dalam Pilkada di Kota Banjar tahun 2013. Sedangkan konsep pendukung dalam penelitian ini adalah model analisis dari Morgenstern dan Siavelis untuk menjelaskan rekrutmen politik. Serta konsep politik dinasti menurut Kurtz. Penelitian ini menggunakan model studi kasus dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Adapun temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah terjadinya dinasti Politik di Kota Banjar dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor yaitu : pertama, kuatnya pengaruh petahana dalam mempertahankan kekuasaan dan membentuk keluarga politik. Kedua, Buruknya rekrutmen politik, ketiga dorongan kuat dari elemen masyarakat Banjar. Keempat, kekuatan financial yang besar. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Secara keseluruhan dapat dikatakan bahwa kualitas/kualifikasi  kandidat,  Ade Uu Sukaesih ternyata memiliki nilai positif baik pada dimensi pendidikan, pelatihan dan pengalaman politik. Akan tetapi  faktor kualitas kandidat bukanlah sebagai factor utama dalam perekrutan oleh Golkar tetapi dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain, yaitu faktor kuatnya pengaruh  incumbent.
The Effect Spouse Support and Mental Attitude on The Trade-fish Economic Recovery
Authors: A.E.Sejati Yuli Purbaningsih,A.T.A. Karim, M.F. Azzajjad,Hasan Djidu,
Published: November 2021

The aimed of this research was to measure the effect of partner support and mental attitude on the economic recovery of salted fish traders in the Lamekongga traditional market. This research was an ex-post facto causal associative. The subjects of this research were 19 sellers of salted fish in the Lamekongga traditional market. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed using simple regression and multiple regressions. The results of this research indicate that there is an effect of partner support on economic recovery, mental attitude on economic recovery, then partner support and mental attitude together on economic recovery of salted fish traders in the Lamekongga traditional market. The effect is positive and significant. The implication of the research is to describe the post-recovery economy, the peak of COVID-19.
Assessment of PD-L1 expression in patients with neuroblastoma and renal tumors
Authors: Şener Seher , Poyraz Aylar , Okur Arzu , Pınarlı Faruk Güçlü , Karadeniz Ceyda
Published: November 2021

Background. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is a co-receptor which is located at the surface of cells like natural killer, monocytes, T and B cells. It has two ligands including programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and ligand-2 (PD-L2). T cell functions are inhibited by activation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and this pathway is used by viruses and some tumor cells in order to escape from immune eradication. In our study we evaluated PD-L1 expression in the tissue specimens of patients with Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma and other renal tumors.
Methods. Totally 60 patients who were followed up at Gazi University Hospital with the diagnosis of neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor and other renal tumors were included. PD-L1 expression was examined in tumor samples of the patients.
Results. Positive staining with PD-L1 was detected only in two male patients. Both of them had neuroblastoma and advanced stage disease. None of the patients with Wilms tumor and other renal tumors had positive PD-L1 staining.
Conclusions. Unlike adult tumors, PD-L1 expression is not common in childhood tumors due to differences in immune system between children and adults. Further studies are needed to establish the importance and effects of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in pediatric tumors.
Autism spectrum disorder in patients with inherited metabolic disorders-a large sample from a tertiary center
Authors: Yoldaş Tuba Çelen , Gürbüz Berrak Bilginer , Akar Halil Tuna , Özmert Elif Nursel , Coşkun Turgay
Published: November 2021

Background. There is increased awareness regarding the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), and this is crucial for the management of both diagnoses in clinical practice. We aimed firstly to report twenty-two patients with a dual diagnosis of IMD and ASD who are still being followed up in the child metabolism outpatient clinic; secondly to evaluate the time of both IMD and ASD diagnosis and the clinical progress of their metabolic disorders to underline treatable conditions.
Methods. Among the patients admitted to the Pediatric Metabolism outpatient clinic because of IMD, twentytwo of them who had a diagnosis of ASD were included in the study. Data of the patients were collected from their medical records. The most recent progress of the patients concerning their metabolic disorder was obtained from the patients` files.
Results. Six cases with Phenylketonuria, 2 cases with partial Biotinidase Deficiency, 3 cases with Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndrome (CCDS), 5 cases with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type-3b, 2 cases with MPS Type-3a, 1 case with MPS Type 4, 2 cases with Hypervalinemia and 1 case with Maple Syrup Urine Disease were all diagnosed as also having ASD. The diagnoses of CCDS and MPS Type 3 were after the diagnosis of ASD. Phenylketonuria and Mucopolysaccharidosis were the most common diagnoses in our study. In addition, rare entities such as MPS Type 3b and Type 4 and Hypervalinemia were also reported to co-occur with autism.
Conclusions. Considering the co-occurrence of both disorders and implementing intervention strategies accordingly will certainly be beneficial in clinical practice and particularly in countries with a high rate of consanguinity.
Screen media exposure in pre-school children in Turkey: the relation with temperament and the role of parental attitudes
Authors: Sarı Burcu Akın , Taner Hande Ayraler , Kaya Zulal Törenli
Published: November 2021

Background. Electronic media have become an important element in the lives of modern children. Devices like televisions, smartphones and tablets are widely used by some parents in order to manage hyperactive, stubborn and impulsive children who need high-intensity stimuli. Consequently, a child`s temperament and parental attitudes affect the duration and frequency of 3-7-year-old children`s screen (television-smartphone-internet) use. Based on this information, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the relation between screen media exposure, the child`s temperament and parental attitudes in 3-7-year-old children.
Methods. The participants of this study were 210 children of 3 to 7 years of age. Rothbart`s Child Behavior List was used to assess temperament; the Parenting Attitude Research Instrument was used to determine the parental attitudes. Screen media exposure assessment questionnaire, which included questions about the age the child started using the TV, smartphone and/or internet, and the duration of their daily usage, were filled in with the children`s parents.
Results. It was found that the increase in activity level, approach and discomfort was negatively correlated to the age the child started watching television, while shyness was positively related to the same phenomenon. The scores of the discomfort temperament subscale had a direct relation to the duration of watching television. Background television is negatively related to attention, inhibitory control, and perceptual sensitivity. Dependency, marital conflict and strictness and authoritarianism parameters were found to be positively related to the duration of playing with a smartphone. Also, in this study we found that negative temperament characteristics adversely affected screen media exposure and poor parenting styles worsen this relationship.
Conclusions. Both temperament and parenting styles affect screen media exposure. In addition, it was understood that parenting styles also affect the relation between temperament and screen exposure. Parental information programs on this subject can eliminate the lack of information related to early screen media exposure in preschool children.
Motor functions, quality of life and maternal anxiety and depression in children with cerebral palsy of different intelligence levels
Authors: Akçay Elif , Tanır Yaşar , Teber Serap Tıraş , Kılıç Birim Günay
Published: November 2021

Background. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood. In addition to motor impairment, it is frequently accompanied by intellectual disability (ID). We aimed to investigate the associations between motor functions, quality of life (QoL) and maternal psychopathology in children with CP of different intelligence levels.
Methods. In total, 37 children and adolescents (16 females and 21 males) between 4 and 18 years of age diagnosed with CP were recruited from a Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF) were used for the children`s motor functions assessment. Quality of life was determined by the caregivers with Pediatric Quality Of Life Inventory-Parent version (PedsQL-P). Maternal anxiety and depression levels were assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Results. Moderate-severe ID (n=19)(13.5%, 37.8%) and normal IQ-mild ID (n=18) (32.4 %,16.2%) groups were evaluated in this study. GMFCS level 2 was more frequent in both groups. The majority of the severe-moderate ID group was at BFMF level 4, while the normal IQ-mild ID group was at BFMF level 2. PedsQL-P scores of children with CP, maternal BAI scores, and maternal BDI scores did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Psychosocial PedsQL scores had a moderate negative correlation with the maternal BAI scores (r=- 0.41, p < 0.05). There was also a moderate positive correlations between the ages of children and maternal BDI scores (r=0.34, p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that maternal anxiety was correlated with psychosocial QoL in children with CP. Maternal depression scores increasing with the ages of the children with CP may also indicate the social support needs for mothers with children of chronic diseases. Further studies may reveal the associations with other biopsychosocial factors in children with CP of different intelligence levels by using longitudinal study designs with larger sample sizes.
Ileal atresia and severe cerebral injury after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation treatment for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Anık Ayşe , Akcan Abdullah Barış , Çulcuoğlu İrem , Erdem Ali Onur , Özkısacık Sezen Karaca , Türkmen Münevver Kaynak
Published: November 2021

Background. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) is the optimal treatment option for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome; but can cause central nervous system, extremity and intestinal system injury.
Case. We report the case report of ileal atresia and severe cerebral infarction co-occurrence after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation treatment. It is uncertain as to whether ileal atresia occurred due to ischemia associated with TTTS, the treatment with FLP, or a combination of both.
Conclusions. Cases with prenatal ultrasonographic abnormalities after FLP should have a close assessment to detect bowel complications. Despite many developments in its management, TTTS remains an important risk factor for cerebral injury.
Modelos de autoreportes para detección de enfermedades periodontales
Authors: Russell Hernández Miguel Hazael , Rustrián Campillo Michelle , Nachón-García Maria Gabriela
Published: November 2021

Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal es una de las patologías infecciosas más prevalentes. El autorreporte es eficaz para evaluar características poblacionales, factores de riesgo y enfermedades. Por su rentabilidad, son prometedores como alternativa a las medidas periodontales clínicas en poblaciones donde pueden ser imprácticas o tener costos inaccesibles. Objetivo: Analizar artículos especializados para establecer la efectividad de los modelos de autorreporte como diagnóstico preliminar periodontal. Método: Búsqueda de artículos en inglés y español, en cuatro bases de datos indexadas utilizando modelo PICO y flujo PRISMA. Discusión: El autorreporte es una herramienta útil que puede implementarse en salud pública. Las medidas de autoinforme no reemplazan al examen bucal completo para diagnosticar periodontitis, pero pueden ser útiles en el seguimiento y vigilancia de condiciones periodontales en poblaciones. Conclusión: Los autocuestionarios muestran potencial para detectar enfermedad periodontal en estudios epidemiológicos, siendo un valioso recurso para vigilancia e implementación de políticas en salud pública.
The Role of Demographic Characteristics and Spiritual Dimensions in Predicting Empathy: A Study in Muslim Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Fitriyah Fifi Khoirul , Hidayah Nur , Muslihati Muslihati , Hambali Im , Ibad Mursyidul
Published: November 2021

Although many studies have examined the relationship between spirituality and empathy, very few studies have focused on demographic and spiritual dimensions in influencing empathy for pre-service teachers. This study analyzes the effect of gender, age, and years of formal education on spirituality and empathy and analyzes the influence of the spiritual dimensions on empathy. This research is a cross-sectional study, with 319 Muslim pre-service teachers as respondents. The data collection technique used an online questionnaire adapted from the Spirituality Assessment Scale (SAS) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The results show that age affects spirituality, while empathy is influenced by age and gender. One unanticipated finding was that years of formal education had no effect on either spirituality or empathy. The most important finding of this study is the higher the level of innerness, the more likely it is to have high empathy. This study's findings are useful as an assessment material and creating counseling designs to increase empathy for pre-service teachers. This is a part of forming the ideal profile of counselors in schools later. Integrating Islamic values ​​is also an essential alternative in counseling for Muslims.
The International Academy of Cytology standardized reporting of breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology: A 2 year’s retrospective study with application of categories and their assessment for risk of malignancy
Authors: Nigam Jitendra Singh , Kumar Tarun , Bharti Shreekant , Surabhi  , Sinha Ruchi , Bhadani Punam Prasad
Published: November 2021

Objectives:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may be used as the first-line pathological investigation for evaluation and early diagnosis of the breast lesion. The FNAB helps to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. In the present study, we categorized the breast FNAB cases according to the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System (IACYS) for reporting breast FNAB cytology and to assess the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective data of breast lesions were retrieved from the archives of pathology department between January 2018 and December 2019. The study got approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Only 123 cases with cytology and histopathological correlation were included in this study. The cytological category was given according to IACYS for reporting breast FNAB cytology.

Results:

The FNAB results were include as insufficient material 3.25% (4/123), benign 46.34% (57/123), atypical 12.2% (15/123), suspicious for malignancy (SM) 4.88% (6/123), and malignant 33.33% (41/123). The ROM was 50%, 7.27%, 40.0%, 83.33%, and 97.5% for NS, benign, atypical, SM, and malignant, respectively.

Conclusion:

FNAB is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of breast lesions, especially in financial constrained developing countries like India with limited resources, where practice of core needle biopsy is limited. The 5-tier IACYS for reporting breast FNAB improves the reproducibility of cytology reports across the world and helps in triaging the breast lesion patients.
Additional Commentary on the Detection and Quantification of Plastic Micro- and Nanoparticles in Tea Samples
Authors: Caldwell Jessica , Taladriz-Blanco Patricia , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Petri-Fink Alke
Published: November 2021

The study of plastic particles, particularly those in the micro-, sub-micro-, and nano- size ranges, within food and beverages has gained increasing interest within recent years. However, many analytical techniques utilized have limits of detection which hinder their use for the study of these particles in these sample matrices. In addition, remaining contaminants from the matrices can interfere with the signals from plastic particles. Thus, great care must be given to sample preparation and data interpretation to ensure accurate results are obtained. This study proposes the use of sample purification through chemical digestion protocols to facilitate the study of plastic particles present in tea samples, and serves to highlight technical limitations which must be overcome in future studies.
Бронзовый котел с греческой надписью из курганного могильника у хут . Базки Волгоградской области
Authors: А.С. Балахванцев , О.А. Шинкарь
Published: November 2021

В результате археологических раскопок на правом берегу р. Дон в Волгоградской области в кургане № 1 у хут. Базки в насыпи найден бронзовый кованый котел раннесарматского времени с греческой надписью на плечиках сосуда. Надпись читается как [H]ΔΔΔΖ | ΔΙΡΙNAKOY и переводится: (Вес) 181 (драхм) (собственность) Диринака. По типологическим особенностям и палеографическим данным котел можно датировать в пределах II, возможно, начала I в. до н. э.

Archaeological excavations on the right bank of the Don River in the Volgograd Region revealed a hammered bronze cauldron of the Early Sarmatian period in the mound of kurgan 1 near the Bazki farmstead. The caldron bears a Greek inscription placed on the vessel shoulders. The inscription reads as [H]ΔΔΔΖ | ΔΙΡΙNAKOY and is interpreted as (Weight) 181 (drachms) (owned by) Dirinak. Regarding typological characteristics and paleographic data, the dating puts the cauldron within II – possibly, early I century BC.
ПОГРЕБЕНИЕ МАСТЕРА-ЛИТЕЙЩИКА ЛОЛИНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА СТАВРОПОЛЬЕ
Authors: А.А. Калмыков , Н.Я. Березина , Ю. Грески , М.В. Добровольская , А.П. Бужилова
Published: November 2021

Данная работа посвящена публикации и комплексному анализу погребения мастера-литейщика лолинской культуры эпохи средней бронзы, открытого в 2012 г. в степной зоне Центрального Предкавказья, недалеко от места слияния Большого Зеленчука и Кубани (рис. 1). По результатам радиоуглеродного датирования погребение отнесено к рубежу III и II тыс. до н. э. В нем обнаружен набор орудий для металлообработки: керамические тигель-льячка и сопло, а также каменный абразив (рис. 2: 2–4; 3: 2). До помещения в могилу инструменты использовались в практических целях по своему предназначению. С применением антропологических стандартов и биоархеологических подходов были изучены костные останки индивида. Это позволило реконструировать особенности его физического развития, состояния здоровья, образа жизни и, с привлечением аналогий, подтвердить связь его прижизненной деятельности с металлообработкой.

This paper presents the publication and comprehensive analysis of a smelter’s grave attributed to the Lola culture of the Middle Bronze Age discovered in the steppe zone of the Central Fore-Caucasus in 2012 not far from the confluence of the Bolshoy Zelenchuk and the Kuban’ Rivers (fig. 1). The radiocarbon dates put this burial around the transition period from the 1st to the 2nd millennia BC. It revealed a set of tools for metal working such as a ceramic crucible/clay ladle as well as a stone abrasive (fig. 2, 2–4; 3, 2). Before the tools were placed into the grave, they had been used for intended purposes. Bone remains of the deceased person were studied with the use of anthropological standards and bioarchaeological approaches. It helped reconstruct specific features of the physical development of the deceased person, his health conditions, his lifestyle and, drawing on analogies, confirm that his life activity was related to metal working.
МОГИЛЬНИК СЕРЖЕНЬ-ЮРТ: НОВЫЕ НАХОДКИ
Authors: Р.Х. Мамаев , В.И. Козенкова
Published: November 2021

В статье публикуются новые археологические находки из известного могильника Сержень-юрт эпохи бронзы – раннего железного века, относящиеся к восточному варианту кобанской культуры (Е. И. Крупнов, В. И. Козенкова). Материалы добыты в 2014 г. местными специалистами из Отдела охраны памятников Чеченской Республики в результате экстремальных раскопок (эрозионные весенние паводки, сельскохозяйственные работы и т. п.) на территории могильного поля. Материалы X–VIII вв. до н. э. (рис. 1–4) количественно и качественно представляют исключительный интерес (особенно эксклюзивные предметы: бронзовый ажурный браслет (рис. 1: 8) и бронзовый орнаментированный боевой топор (рис. 4: III)) для уточнения общей характеристики памятника. Установлена их типологическая классификация и хронология. В статье подчеркивается необходимость усиления охраны могильника из-за очевидной угрозы разрушения в результате воздействия эрозийного природного и социального факторов.

The paper publishes new archaeological finds from the well-known Serzhen’-yurt Cemetery of the Bronze–Early Iron Age attributed to the eastern variant of the Koban culture (E. I. Krupnov, V. I. Kozenkova). These finds were retrieved in 2014 by local specialists from the Department for Protection of Historical Sites in the Chechen Republic in the course of urgent excavations caused by extreme conditions (erosion caused by spring flooding, agricultural activities, etc.) within the area of the burial ground. In terms of their quantity and quality, these materials dated to the 10th–8th centuries BC (fig. 1–4), especially, such exclusive items as a bronze open-work bracelet (fig. 1: 8) and a bronze ornamented battle axe (fig. 4: III), are of exceptional value for clarification of the overall characteristics of the site. Their typological classification and chronology were defined. The paper highlights a need to reinforce protection of the cemetery because of imminent threat of damage due to natural erosion and the social factor.
ДВА ПЕРИПЛА ИЗ ФАНАГОРИИ В ВОСТОЧНОЕ СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРЬЕ (по данным позднеэллинистических кладов)
Authors: М.Г. Абрамзон
Published: November 2021

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка реконструкции маршру- тов двух торговых плаваний в начале 1 в. до н.э. от порта Фанагории к центрам Эгеиды, Западной и Южной Анатолии и Леванта по нумиз- матическим данным – группам мелких бронзовых монет приморских го- родов и островов Восточного Средиземноморья в фанагорийских кла- дах 2003 и 2007 гг.
Древности Боспора. Том 23
Authors: А.А. Масленников
Published: November 2021

Сборник научных статей по археологии, истории, эпиграфике нумизматике Боспора Киммерийского. В издание представлены результаты масштабных раскопок сотрудников ИА РАН и крымских археологов в 2017 году на трассе «Таврида» в Восточном Крыму. Для археологов, историков, краеведов.
Kurgans of the Kerch peninsula with stone architecture. Based on the results of rescue archaeological expedition in 2017.
Authors: М.Ю. Меньшиков , И.В. Рукавишникова
Published: November 2021

The article makes deal with the results of field archaeological rescue work in the Crimea in 2017. There were explored interesting kurgans of the Bronze Age during this works. There were researched complex stone architectural structures in the mounds. The authers makes attempt to create a relative chronology of this stone architecture in Bronze Age barrows of Kerch peninsula.
Studies of the mound of the fourth Kurgan group «Tsementnaya Slobodka 1” in the city of Kerch
Authors: И.А. Воронков , И.В. Рукавишникова , Д.В. Бейлин , Н.Ф. Федосеев
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the research of the cemetery Cement Sloboda 1. The focus of the work is the mound 4 and the crypt of antique time, open under the embankment. In addition, 7 burials were investigated in the burial mound 4, of which 4 were inlets into the embankment, one cremation in the urn, one inlet in the ancient crypt and the remains of burial in the crypt, as well as two cremation pits, a trizny complex. The robbed antique crypt of the end of IV century. BC. had overlap with a concave arch. The crypt was disassembled in blocks and completely reconstructed in a new place in the museum.
Settlement of early Byzantine time at the Kyz-Aul necropolis
Authors: Н.Ф. Федосеев , Л.Ю. Пономарев
Published: November 2021

Necropolis Kyz-Aul is located on the Black Sea coast, 1 km to the south-east of the village. Yakovenkovo. In 1930, 1979–1983, 1985, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2005–2006, 2015–2017, he was investigated by Yu. Martti, O. Chevelev, N. Sudarev and N. Fedoseev. Separate burials date back to the II–I BC, the burial of the I–III AD the most recent burials, apparently, were committed in the IV–V AD. In the VI – third quarter of the VII century AD on the territory of the already abandoned necropolis, a small settlement was located. Its cultural stratum is traced on all sites that have been followed in the last decade. As living quarters, the looted crypts of the 1st–3rd centuries AD were adapted, consisting of one or two funerary cells and built of massive blocks of limestone (№ 6, 7, 9, 10). With exception of the crypts of the poorly preserved pit of the semidugout (?) other residential and household buildings on the necropolis could not be fixed. One child burial also belongs to the same period. The most well-preserved living room in the crypt number 6. In one of its funerary cells housed five household pits and heating devices, including a fireplace, reminiscent of the design of the fireplace. In the other crypts, the interior details of the “underground” dwellings have not been preserved. In the “Khazar” time burial chamber crypts were adapted for the maintenance of small cattle. The time of the early Byzantine settlement on the necropolis dates numerous finds of amphorae. The upper date was determined thanks to the coin of 674 Constantine IV Pogonat. In addition, a ring with the image of an archangel was found, an analogy of which is known in the burial complexes of the 7th century. Unfortunately, the area and location of the necropolis of this settlement is not yet established. Cannot be reconstructed and its layout. It is difficult to reconstruct the interior of the “underground” dwellings themselves, since the crypts were reused in the “Khazar” period. In addition, no other settlements of this time were found on the ancient necropolises of the Kerch Peninsula
Shapes of Clay Vessels As a Subject of Study. Historical-and-Cultural Approach.
Authors: Ю.Б. Цетлин
Published: November 2021

Сборник состоит из двух частей. Первая часть содержит статьи выдающегося советского и российского археолога-керамиста А.А. Бобринского, посвященные методам изучения форм глиняных сосудов и изданные в 1986–1999 гг., а также неопубликованную статью 1984 г. Вторая часть включает современные методические разработки анализа форм с  позиций историко-культурного подхода и практические их приложения к материалам эпохи бронзы, раннего железа и раннего средневековья. Публикуемые материалы представляют интерес для всех археологов, изучающих формы глиняной посуды, а также для студентов исторических факультетов университетов. 

The collection consists of two parts. The first part contains articles written by famous Soviet and Russian archeoligist and expert in pottery A.A. Bobrinsky. These articles are devoted to techniques and procedures of vessel shapes study and include papers published in 1986–1999 and the unpublished manuscript written in 1984. The second part includes the current developments of procedures of vessels shapes analysis made from the perspective of cultural-historical approach and practical application of these procedures to archeological pottery of Bronze Age, Early Iron Age and Early Middle Age. The materials published in the collection are of interest for all archeologists who study vessel shapes as well as for students of university departments of history.
Covers of Clay Vessels’ Functional Parts (Published in 1991)
Authors: А.А. Бобринский
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to analysis of clay vessels “covers”, i.e. the curved lines of vessel shapes. Different functional parts are distinguished in a vessel structure. If points that mark the functional parts’ borders are sequentially connected with straight lines we will get the vessel’s “skeleton” which represents a set of trapezoids, rectangles, and triangle. Convex and concave curves rest against the skeleton’s lines and form specific contour of a vessel. Such lines are called “covers”. Alongside with skeletons covers are sources of specific information on potters’ labor skills employed in the process of vessel forms creation. The author suggests an original procedure of vessel form covers study, extent of these covers symmetry or asymmetry and degree of their maturity. Along with that, the author on the basis of a great number of observational data articulates “virtually straight line” notion in potters’ perceptions. All covers of contour line that, due to their flexion, go beyond a virtually straight line are considered to be curves. Depending on extent of their flexion, covers may be unformed, partly formed and fully formed. In addition, depending on a potter’s length of professional experience, covers of vessels manufactured by a potter may be unsteady, partially steady and steady states. In result of application of this procedure of vessel shapes analysis to a great ethnographic and archeological material the author has managed to find out that unsteady state of skills required for making forms is peculiar mainly to potters of a young generation, partially steady state of such skills is peculiar to potters of middle generation and the steady state is peculiar to potters of senior generation. Analysis of the Chernyakhov and the Zarubinets cultures allowed the author to conclude that earthenware from burial ground Voronino (the burial ground belongs to Zarubinets Culture) had been manufactured predominantly by potters of senior or 249 middle generations while vessels from burial ground Oselivka, Ukraine (this burial ground belongs to Chernyakhov culture), were made by potters of young and middle generations.
Mechanisms of New Vessels’ Shapes Incorporation and Adaptation (From the book published in 1999)
Authors: А.А. Бобринский
Published: November 2021

This short text is devoted to presentation of preliminary results of the fundamental experiment carried out by A.A. Bobrinsky in the 1970s and the 1980s on the basis of traditional pottery trade. Altogether about 40 master potters of different ages and of different skill levels took part in this experiment in different years. The experiment consisted in artificial modeling of the situation that occurred permanently in the history of pottery. We mean cases when a potter produces vessel forms that are new for him and due to specific historical reasons became “fashionable” (or  sought after) in a particular society. In the experiment course it was found out that a potter who performs such task experience a disruption of traditional system of physical efforts application a potter had developed in the course of long production of traditional (customary) vessel forms range. The disruption’s result is emergence of so called “hybrid” vessel forms that were widely spread in various historical epochs, from the Neolithic Age to the late Middle Age. These “hybrid” forms co-existed with traditional vessel forms. The discovered regularities widen considerably contemporary opportunities to study these phenomena on archeological pottery.
EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING SEEDS OF OIL CROPS
Authors: Орлов Б.Ю. , Степанова Е.Г.
Published: November 2021

На основе анализа применяемых для переработки масличного сырья машин и механизмов предложено описание технологической схемы переработки масличных семян с применением вновь разработанного оборудования участка подготовительных операций маслозавода. Рассмотрены основные виды масличного сырья, состав и сохранность семенной массы в процессе послеуборочного хранения. Указаны основные реологические свойства перерабатываемого продукта и операции, необходимые для осуществления технологического процесса извлечения растительного масла.

The description of the technological scheme of processing of oil seeds with the use of newly developed equipment of the site of preparatory operations of the oil plant is proposed based on the analysis of machines and mechanisms used for the processing of oilseeds. The main types of oil raw materials, composition and preservation of seed mass in the process of postharvest storage were considered. The main rheological properties of the processed product and the operations necessary for the technological process of extracting vegetable oil are indicated.
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL STANDARD ON QUALITY CONTROL AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHEWING TOBACCO
Authors: САМОЙЛЕНКО Н.П. , КАНДАШКИНА И.Г. , ГНУЧИХ Е.В. , МИРНЫХ Л.А.
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены идентификационные признаки некурительных табачных изделий табака жевательного и снюса. Разработан метод определения фракционного состава табака жевательного. На основании научных исследований впервые разработан проект национального стандарта ГОСТ Р Табак жевательный. Общие технические условия, который после утверждения и введения в действие будет использоваться для идентификации этого вида некурительной табачной продукции.

The identification signs of smokeless tobacco products: of chewing tobacco and snus are considered. A method for determining the fractional composition of chewing tobacco has been developed. On the basis of scientific research for the first time developed a draft national standard GOST R Chewing tobacco. General technical specifications. After approval and entry into force, this standard will be used to identify types of smokeless tobacco products.
CYTOACTIVITY PHYSICALLY MODIFIED STARCHES
Authors: ЛИТВЯК В.В.
Published: November 2021

Исследована цитоактивность физически модифицированных экструзионных крахмалов картофельных, кукурузных и их смеси в соотношении 1 : 1. Температура экструзии образцов крахмалов и их смеси составляла, С: 140 и 170 140 и 160 140 соответственно. Для исследования применяли МТТтест на культуре рака легочных фибробластов (А549). Клетки выращивали в СО2инкубаторе при температуре 37С, содержании 5 СО2, относительной влажности воздуха 80, фиксировали непосредственное подавление клеточного роста и проводили колориметрические исследования. На второй день после посева вносили исследуемые вещества экструзионный крахмал в количестве 1 г/л, через 24 ч добавляли реактив изопротеренол в количестве 50 мг/л, инкубировали 20 мин в термостате. Результаты исследований статистически обрабатывали в программе Excel. Установлено, что отдельные образцы экструзионных крахмалов, например картофельный, незначительно, на 0,4 и 3,0, стимулировали цитоактивность другие например кукурузный, при температуре экструзии 140 и 160С способствовали как увеличению цитоактивности до 110, так и ее понижению до 91,1. В целом четкой корреляционной связи между температурой экструзии крахмалов и оптической плотностью образцов не выявлено (r 0,007). Выявлен эффект синергизма при взаимодействии экструзионных крахмалов и изопротеренола, повышающий активность изопротеренола на 3,76,4. Наибольший синергический эффект выявлен при взаимодействии изопротеренола и кукурузного крахмала, выработанного при температуре экструзии 140С.

Cytoactivity physically modified extrusion starch potato, corn and their mixture in a ratio of 1 : 1 was investigated. The extrusion temperature of starch samples and their mixture was 140 and 170 140 and 160 140C, respectively. MTTtest on the culture of lung fibroblast cancer (A549) was used for the study. The cells are grown in a CO2incubator at a temperature of 37C, a content of 5 CO2, a relative humidity of 80. Direct inhibition of cell growth has been recorded. Colorimetric studies have been conducted. On the second day after sowing, the studied substances extrusion starch in an amount of 1 g/l, and after 24 hours the reagent isoproterenol in an amount of 50 mg/l were introduced. The samples were incubated in a thermostat for 20 min. The results of the research were statistically processed in Excel. It is established that the individual samples of the extruded starches, for example potato, slightly, by 0,4 and 3,0, stimulated cytoactivity others such as corn, at the temperature of extrusion 140 and 160C has contributed to the growth of cytoactivity to 110, and its decrease to 91,1. In general correlation between the temperature of starch extrusion and the optical density of the samples is not identified (r 0,007). The effect of synergism in the interaction of extrusion starches and isoproterenol, increasing the activity of isoproterenol by 3,76,4, was revealed. The greatest synergistic effect was found in the interaction of isoproterenol and corn starch produced at an extrusion temperature of 140C.
STUDY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF THISTLE SPOTTY OIL AS AN INGREDIENT OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS
Authors: ПЕЛИПЕНКО Т.В. , МУСТАФАЕВ С.К. , ПОЛЯКОВА Ю.А.
Published: November 2021

Исследованы физикохимический состав и сенсорные свойства масла расторопши пятнистой, полученного методом холодного отжима на лабораторном прессе Farmet DUO PF3. Установлено, что масло расторопши пятнистой содержит 2,0 неомыляемых веществ, в том числе токоферолов 110 мг . В жирнокислотном составе масла преобладают физиологически активные ненасыщенные жирные кислоты: линолевая и олеиновая 69,70 и 15,60 соответственно. В составе масла отмечено высокое содержание моно и диацилглицеринов, свободных жирных кислот, повышающих гидрофильность масла. Поэтому при введении в липидные составы они создают ощущение меньшей жирности и окклюзивности. При этом моно и диацилглицерины жирных кислот обладают эмульгирующими свойствами. Масло характеризуется невысокими значениями показателей поверхностного натяжения и вязкости, средней растекаемостью, хорошими сенсорными характеристиками. Масло расторопши пятнистой может быть рекомендовано для использования в рецептурах косметических средств в качестве как базового компонента, обладающего свойствами эмолента, так и биологически активного компонента благодаря высокому содержанию ненасыщенных жирных кислот и других активных веществ.

Physical and chemical composition and sensory properties of thistle spotty oil, obtained by cold pressing on the laboratory press Farmet DUO PF3, investigated. It was found that thistle spotty oil contains 2,0 of unsaponifiable substances, including tocopherols 110 mg . Physiologically active unsaturated fatty acids linoleic and oleic 69,70 and 15,60, respectively, prevail in the fatty acid composition of the oil. The high content of mono and diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, which increase the hydrophily of the oil, was noted in the composition of the oil. Therefore, when administered in lipid compositions, they create a feeling of less fat and occlusion. In this case, mono and diacylglycerols of fatty acids have emulsifying properties. The oil is characterized by low values of surface tension and viscosity, average spreadability, good sensory characteristics. Thistle spotty oil can be recommended for use in cosmetic receptions as a base component with the properties of emollient and biologically active component due to the high content of unsaturated fatty acids and other active substances.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF METHODS FOR COMPLEX TREATMENT OF MUSSELS
Authors: Битютская О.Е.
Published: November 2021

Представлен обзор научных исследований в области переработки двустворчатых моллюсков семейства Mytilidae, проведенных за последние 60 лет. Рассмотрены основные аспекты различных научнотехнологических направлений получения традиционных пищевых продуктов, биологически активных добавок и веществ из моллюсков рода Mytilus, их медикобиологические показания к применению. Предложена схема, объединяющая и систематизирующая основные способы переработки мидий. Показана перспективность проведения дальнейших исследований в области комплексной переработки мидий.

The presents a review of scientific research in the field of processing of bivalve mollusks of Mytilidae, held over the last 60 years. The main aspects of various scientific and technological areas of traditional foods, dietary supplements and substances from mollusks Mytilus, their biomedical indications for use are considered. The proposed scheme combines and systematizes the main methods of processing mussels. The prospects for further research in the field of complex processing of mussels are shown.
ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF LOW TEMPERATURE DRYING ON THE BASIS OF ENERGY ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES IN ELEMENTS OF DRYING UNIT
Authors: Беззаботов Ю.С. , Ивченко Е.О.
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрена работа двухконтурной установки низкотемпературной сушки (ДКУНТС) пищевых продуктов с применением компрессорного термотрансформатора теплового насоса. На основании физической модели ДКУНТС выполнен математический анализ энергетической эффективности процесса сушки. Получены аналитические зависимости удельных энергозатрат на сушку продуктов и режимные характеристики работы ДКУНТС. Установлено, что существенная доля энергозатрат в ДКУНТС связана со значительной тепловой нагрузкой на внешний электронагреватель НГЭ. В связи с этим предложено использовать тепловую энергию отработанного сушильного агента путем регенерации тепла в цикле работы установки, что позволит снизить энергозатраты на сушку пищевых продуктов в ДКУНТС.

The work of a twocircuit installation of low temperature drying TCILTD of food products using a compressor thermal transformer a heat pump was considered. On the basis of physical models TCILTD made a mathematical simulation of processes and computer simulation of the analytical dependence of the specific energy consumption for drying and performance characteristics of the work TCILTD. It is established that a significant proportion of energy consumption is associated with a significant heat load on the external heater NGE, in which it is proposed to use the thermal energy of exhaust of the drying agent by means of heat regeneration in the cycle of TCILTD.
RESEARCH OF MICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF FATS IN BEET MOLASSES SOLUTIONS
Authors: СЕМЕНИХИН С.О. , ФЕДОСЕЕВА О.В. , БАБАКИНА М.В. , ДАИШЕВА Н.М.
Published: November 2021

Проведены исследования обработки растворов свекловичной мелассы 4 штаммами микроорганизмов с целью обогащения растворов жирами. Выявлено влияние начального значения рН, а также оптимального содержания сухих веществ в растворах мелассы, обеспечивающие эффективную жизнедеятельность микроорганизмов с синтезом биологически активных веществ. Установлено, что штаммы R. glutinis Y-332, C. curvatus Y-2236 и U. isabellina F-526 в растворах мелассы с начальным значением рН 8,5 синтезировали жиры в количестве 0,015 0,017 и 0,007 г/г сахаров соответственно штамм R. toruloides Y-334 в растворе мелассы с начальным значением рН 7,0 синтезировал жиры в количестве 0,004 г/г сахаров. Впервые получены экспериментальные данные, позволившие оценить эффективность микробиологического синтеза жиров в растворах мелассы без дополнительного внесения биогенных веществ, а также без поддержания оптимальной рН среды 4 видов микроорганизмов. Обосновано, что штаммы R. glutinis Y-332 и C. curvatus Y-2236 являются наиболее перспективными для обогащения растворов свекловичной мелассы жирами.

Research aimed at treatment of beet molasses solutions with 4 strains of microorganisms in order to enrich the solutions with fats has beed established. The influence of the initial pH value, as well as the optimal dry matter content in molasses solutions, which ensure the effective vital activity of microorganisms with the synthesis of biologically active substances, is revealed. It was established that the strains of R. glutinis Y-332, C. curvatus Y-2236 and U. isabellina F-526 in molasses solutions with an initial pH of 8,5 synthesize fats in an amount of 0,015 0,017 and 0,007 g/g of sugars, respectively and the strain of R. toruloides Y-334 in molasses solution with an initial pH value of 7,0 synthesizes fats in an amount of 0,004 g/g of sugars. For the first time, it was obtained the experimental data that made possible to evaluate effectiveness of microbiological synthesis of fats in molasses solutions without nutrient addition, as well as without maintaining the optimal pH of the environment for 4 types of microorganisms. It is proved that R. glutinis strain Y-332 and C. curvatus strain Y-2236 are the most promising strains for enriching beet molasses solutions with fats.
COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL OF A FUNCTIONAL BAKERY PRODUCT ENRICHED OF FOOD ADDITIVE «APPLE»
Authors: КОРНЕН Н.Н. , КАЛМАНОВИЧ С.А. , ШАХРАЙ Т.А. , ВИКТОРОВА Е.П.
Published: November 2021

Проведена оценка конкурентного потенциала разработанного функционального хлебобулочного изделия, обогащенного пищевой добавкой Яблочная . Эталоном служило необогащенное хлебобулочное изделие. Конкурентный потенциал разработанного изделия (РИ) оценивали по пяти группам показателей: функциональная эффективность, безопасность, стандартизация, надежность, патентно-правовая. Показано, что РИ обладает более высокой конкурентоспособностью по сравнению с базовым продуктом: превосходит базовый продукт по показателю функциональной эффективности, в частности по содержанию пищевых функциональных ингредиентов пищевых волокон, меди, калия и диапазону функциональности (Qотн 1,5). По патентно-правовому показателю (Qотн 2,0) и показателю надежности (Qотн 1,5) РИ также превосходит базовый продукт.

Evaluation of the competitive potential of the developed functional bakery product enriched with the food additive Apple was carried out. The un-enriched bakery product was as a standard. The competitive potential of the developed product (DP) was evaluated by five groups of indicators: functional efficiency, safety, standardization, reliability, and patent and legal. It is shown that DP has a higher competitiveness compared to the base product: it exceeds the base product in terms of functional efficiency, in particular in terms of the content of food functional ingredients dietary fiber, copper, potassium, and the range of functionality (Qrel 1,5). DP is also superior to the base product in terms of patent and legal indicator (Qrel 2,0) and reliability (Qrel 1,5).