bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unfair Dismissal, Reinstatement and Garden Leave: Blackadder V Ramsey Butchering Services PTY LTD
Authors: McCrystal Shae
Published: January 2018

In most cases, the employment relationship is capable of withstanding some friction and doubts … It may be difficult or embarrassing for an employer to be required to re-employ a person the employer believed guilty of a wrongdoing. The requirement may cause inconvenience to the employer. … The problems will be of the employer’s own making. If the employer is of even average fair-mindedness, they are likely to prove short-lived.
Recognition of Lesbian and Gay Families in Australian Law — Part One: Couples
Authors: Millbank Jenni
Published: January 2018

A wide range of state and federal laws recognise and regulate intimate and familial relationships. Such laws include inheritance, immigration, guardianship and superannuation as well as the areas that we traditionally think of as ‘family law’: property division and disputes over children following relationship breakdown.

There is no reliable demographic data on how many adults identify as lesbian or gay in Australia, but there is information to indicate that many lesbians and gay men live in long-term relationships, some of which include children. The Australian census has never asked individuals to identify their sexuality, but in 1996 and 2001 invited people to record if they are living in a same-sex relationship. These figures underestimate the numbers of couples for a variety of reasons: in 1996 the question itself was confusingly worded, and many people were unaware that they were able to record their relationship for the first time. The census does not record couples who do not cohabit. In addition, there are still many same-sex couples who would not feel comfortable recording their relationship on an official document such as a census.
From Foreign Circumstances to First Instance Considerations: Extrinsic Material and the Law of Statutory Interpretation
Authors: Stubbs Matthew T
Published: January 2018

[T]he sages of the law heretofore have construed statutes … upon the intent of the Legislature, which they have collected sometimes by considering the cause and necessity of making the Act, sometimes by comparing one part of the Act with another, and sometimes by foreign circumstances.

That conclusion was reached in the 1560 case of Stradling v Morgan, and may be taken to correctly state the law at that time. In its context, it is clear that the phrase ‘foreign circumstances’ was intended to refer not to the state of international relations, but rather to the use of extrinsic material in statutory interpretation.

Despite this early acceptance by the English courts of the use of extrinsic material in statutory interpretation, strident restrictions on the use of extrinsic material were later to be introduced into the common law. In discussing the principle that, ‘Parliament speaks only through an Act of Parliament,’ Dicey stressed the point that, ‘the English Bench have always refused, in principle at least, to interpret an Act of Parliament otherwise than by reference to the words of the enactment.’
Guardianship of Child Asylum-Seekers
Authors: Taylor Julie
Published: January 2018

In 1994, the Commonwealth Parliament passed an amendment to the Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Act 1946 (Cth) (the ‘Immigration (GOC) Act’), which provided that the Minister is guardian of ‘every non-citizen child who arrives in Australia’. Although the Immigration (GOC) Act was originally enacted with respect to children who entered Australia under assisted migration or re-settlement schemes, the Act and the amendments introduced by the Immigration (Guardianship of Children) Amendment Act 1994 (Cth) have been interpreted to include unaccompanied children who come to Australia as asylum-seekers. Unaccompanied children commonly apply for protection visas and bring review applications and appeals in the Refugee Review Tribunal (‘the Tribunal’) and the courts. The Minister is the decision-maker, respondent in review proceedings, and a party in appeals; and is also the children's legal guardian. This gives rise to actual and perceived conflict between the Minister's duties as guardian and as a decision-maker or party to review and appeal proceedings.
Recognition of Lesbian and Gay Families in Australian Law — Part Two: Children
Authors: Millbank Jenni
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the legal regulation of parenting in lesbian and gay families in Australia. This landscape of regulation includes laws that govern such families both before and after they are formed; that is, laws controlling access to potential family formation options in addition to laws that govern the status of parents and children in families that are formed through alternate means. There have been a number of important developments in these areas in recent years, including: challenges to laws that restrict access to fertility services; reforms to adoption laws in three jurisdictions; and deemed parental status for co-mothers in lesbian families formed through assisted reproduction in three jurisdictions. This article will detail how the new parental status reforms interrelate, including difficult questions regarding the recognition of this new parental status in other States and their interaction with federal law.
Time for a Change? Shared Parenting, Variation of Orders and the Rule in Rice and Asplund
Authors: Middleton Sarah
Published: January 2018

In July 2006, the Family Law (Shared Parental Responsibility) Act 2006 (Cth) ('the SPA’) came into operation, effecting wide-sweeping reforms to the Australian family law system. The reforms included amendments to Part VII of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) ('the FLA’) that seek to promote parental involvement with children and arrangements for equal or substantial shared care. While these changes apply to new orders made on or after the commencement of the legislation, in the case of applications for variation of existing orders, the changes only apply if the applicant can show some significant change in circumstance since the time of the making of the original order. This threshold requirement of changed circumstances is known as the rule in Rice and Asplund ('the Rule’). This Rule has been in operation for more than 25 years and its continued application has been expressly provided for in Schedule 1 Part 2 of the SPA. In this way the Government, acting upon concerns expressed by the Family Court, hopes to contain any increase in applications for variation.
The Once and Future Court?
Authors: Lynch Andrew
Published: January 2018

In commencing his sprawling collective portrait of 19th century Britain a few years ago, A N Wilson stated simply, ‘[t]he Victorians are still with us.’ The truth of this, he went on to explain, lay in the fact that, though much changed, the world which they created persists. Although we seem to be at a great remove from the concerns, innovations and ideals of that era, Wilson ably demonstrated that the world left to us by the Victorians was immutably different from that which existed beforehand. As such it marked a break with the past and set in place the parameters within which the modern age has continued to develop.
Prohibiting the Conscription of State Officers for Commonwealth Purposes: An American Future for the State Immunity Doctrine?
Authors: Moorhead Matthew
Published: January 2018

In undertaking its responsibility to interpret and construct federalism, the High Court of Australia has frequently considered the Supreme Court of the United States’ treatment of the same subject. The US influence has been particularly pronounced in the area of State immunity. This article considers whether an American constitutional innovation of the 1990s, the anti-commandeering doctrine articulated in the case of Printz v United States, can and should be transplanted to Australia.

'Printz v United States embodies the [Supreme] Court's most emphatic acclamation of state sovereignty since the New Deal'; it is a ‘watershed in the jurisprudence of federalism.' In the lead judgment, written by Scalia J, the Supreme Court expounded a new bright-line rule:

The Federal Government may neither issue directives requiring the States to address particular problems, nor command the States’ officers, or those of their political subdivisions, to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program.

This rule, the Supreme Court made clear, is categorical and permits no exceptions: It matters not whether policymaking is involved, and no case-by-case weighing of the burdens or benefits is necessary; such commands are fundamentally incompatible with our constitutional system of dual sovereignty.
‘Australian Exceptionalism’ in Judicial Review
Authors: Taggart Michael
Published: January 2018

The phrase ‘Australian exceptionalism’ is most often used these days in relation to Australia's stand with the United States in the war against terror and the Australian government's attitude to international human rights law. Australia is exceptional also in being now the only English-speaking democracy without a judicially enforceable bill of rights at the federal level. Although not unrelated, here I want to explore whether the part of Australian public law that deals with judicial review of administrative action is also ‘exceptional’. I will identify the features that are commonly said to set Australia apart from other common law jurisdictions and justify Australia taking a different path in the elaboration of the principles of judicial review of administrative action.
Freedom of Movement in an Era of Shared Parenting: The Differences in Judicial Approaches to Relocation
Authors: Parkinson Patrick
Published: January 2018

In 2006, Parliament made major amendments to the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (‘Family Law Act’) to encourage a greater level of shared parenting, and to give greater emphasis to the importance of children maintaining a relationship with both parents in the absence of violence or abuse. There are major differences between trial judges in how to apply the new laws to the problem of parental relocation — where the primary caregiver wants to move a long way from the other. The central problem is determining how much importance should be given to a parent's freedom of movement given this greater emphasis on the involvement of both parents. There are stark differences in the policy and approach of different trial judges, which have yet to be resolved by an authoritative and carefully reasoned decision of an appellate court.

This article examines these substantial differences in view between judges on this issue since the 2006 amendments, and proposes a way forward based upon revisiting the leading judgment of Kirby J in the High Court in AMS v AIF.
Turning Fortifications into Constitutional Bypasses: Gypsy Jokers Motorcycle Club Inc V Commissioner of Police
Authors: Leith Hugo
Published: January 2018

Gypsy Jokers v Commissioner of Police (‘Gypsy Jokers’), at least in the Western Australian Court of Appeal, concerned the application of the so-called Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (‘Kable’) principle (or principles). That is, the principle restricting the State legislatures’ powers to confer responsibilities on State courts vested or capable of being vested with federal jurisdiction, especially State Supreme Courts, as would be incompatible with the exercise of that federal jurisdiction. Kable's focus has been sharpened and narrowed in subsequent cases to refer to theories of the ‘institutional integrity’ of State courts, or their actual and apparent ‘independence and impartiality’.

On appeal to the High Court, Gypsy Jokers dramatically shifted from a development of relatively novel and volatile constitutional principles into an application of canons of statutory construction, followed by a conclusion of constitutional validity that bypassed the leading tests.
Public Access to Copyright Works Submitted to Government: Copyright Agency Ltd V New South Wales and the Implications for Information Access
Authors: Bannister Judith
Published: January 2018

Governments create and commission copyright protected material as part of their core administrative functions and they sometimes compete with the private sector as developers of commercially valuable assets. Governments also use under licence copyright protected material owned and created by others. A wide range of copyright material is also submitted to State and federal governments when individuals and corporations comply with legal obligations or conduct business with government agencies. That material submitted to governments, and the information it contains, can have value that extends beyond the initial transaction. Governments can add value by compiling and processing the information and then charge the public for access. Material submitted to government is also an important source of information about how governments function. When the principles of open government and transparency are discussed, the primary focus is usually upon access to information recorded in documents created within government agencies. However, it is often necessary to extend access to documents received by agencies. Copyright in that material will be privately owned and that can conflict with public access.
Mycophenolate Mofetil in Combination with Steroids for Treatment of C3 Glomerulopathy
Authors: Avasare Rupali S. , Canetta Pietro A. , Bomback Andrew S. , Marasa Maddalena , Caliskan Yasar , Ozluk Yasemin , Li Yifu , Gharavi Ali G. , Appel Gerald B.
Published: January 2018

Background and objectives

C3 glomerulopathy is a form of complement-mediated GN. Immunosuppressive therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of C3 glomerulopathy. Mycophenolate mofetil is an attractive treatment option given its role in the treatment of other complement-mediated diseases and the results of the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases C3 Study. Here, we study the outcomes of patients with C3 glomerulopathy treated with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in the C3 glomerulopathy registry at Columbia University and identified patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil for at least 3 months and follow-up for at least 1 year. We studied clinical, histologic, and genetic data for the whole group and compared data for those who achieved complete or partial remission (responders) with those who did not achieve remission (nonresponders). We compared remission with mycophenolate mofetil with remission with other immunosuppressive regimens.

Results

We identified 30 patients who met inclusion criteria. Median age was 25 years old (interquartile range, 18–36), median creatinine was 1.07 mg/dl (interquartile range, 0.79–1.69), and median proteinuria was 3200 mg/g creatinine (interquartile range, 1720–6759). The median follow-up time was 32 months (interquartile range, 21–68). Twenty (67%) patients were classified as responders. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between responders and nonresponders, although initial proteinuria was lower (median 2468 mg/g creatinine) in responders compared with nonresponders (median 5000 mg/g creatinine) and soluble membrane attack complex levels were higher in responders compared with nonresponders. For those tapered off mycophenolate mofetil, relapse rate was 50%. Genome-wide analysis on complement genes was done, and in 12 patients, we found 18 variants predicted to be damaging. None of these variants were previously reported to be pathogenic. Mycophenolate mofetil with steroids outperformed other immunosuppressive regimens.

Conclusions

Among patients who tolerated mycophenolate mofetil, combination therapy with steroids induced remission in 67% of this cohort. Heavier proteinuria at the start of therapy and lower soluble membrane attack complex levels were associated with treatment resistance.
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride affects Cellular Muscle Metabolism and Lipid Components of 10 Different Muscles in Feedlot Heifers
Authors: Hergenreder J. E. , Legako J. F. , Dinh T. T. N. , Broadway P. R. , Spivey K. S. , Baggerman J. O. , Hutcheson J. P. , Corrigan M. E. , Johnson B. J.
Published: January 2018

This study determined if zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) altered muscle metabolism and lipid components of 10 muscles. Crossbred heifers were either supplemented with ZH (n = 9) or not (Control; n = 10). Muscle tissue was collected (adductor femoris, biceps femoris, gluteus medius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, longissimus dorsi, pectoralis profundi, semitendinosus, subscapularis, trapezius) immediately following carcass splitting. The mRNA abundance of AMPkɑ, IGF-I, MHC-I, IIA and IIX, β1-adrenergic receptor (βAR) and β2AR was determined, as well as, cross-sectional area and proportion of myosin isoforms, β1AR, β2AR, β3AR, nuclei, and satellite cell density. Furthermore, neutral (NL) and polar lipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) were quantified (mg/g). Zilpaterol hydrochloride decreased MHC-IIA mRNA (P = 0.007). In addition, ZH decreased total nuclei and β1AR and increased MHC-IIX cross-sectional area (P ≤ 0.021). Quantity of NL FA were not affected by ZH (P ≥ 0.173). However, among PL FA the ratio of PUFA:SFA was greater with ZH (P = 0.048). Muscle type impacted mRNA concentration of AMPkɑ, IGF-I, MHC-I, IIA, IIX, and β1AR mRNA concentration (P ≤ 0.037). Furthermore, the fiber type proportion, fiber cross-sectional area, and the densities of nuclei, β1AR, β2AR, β3AR, and satellite cells were influenced by muscle type (P ≤ 0.030). Total NL FA were affected by muscle (P ≤ 0.046). Meanwhile, total PL FA did not differ due to muscle (P = 0.242). However, prominent PL FA,18:0, 18:1 trans, and 18:2 n-6 were each greater (P < 0.05) among the oxidative subscapularis compared with glycolytic semitendinosus and adductor femoris. Overall, these data reveal that ZH impacts muscle metabolism and myogenic activity that establishes protein deposition. Meanwhile, ZH did not alter triglyceride content (NL), but cell membrane saturation (PL) was influenced, in accordance with alterations to muscle fiber type. Muscle also influenced muscle fiber type and lipid components. Therefore, muscle biology is greatly influenced by muscle but also through dietary inclusion of ZH.
Bloom Development of the Beef Semimembranosus and Triceps Brachii as Influenced by Wet-Aging
Authors: Caldwell Michelle S. , Apple Jason K. , Yancey Janeal W. S. , Sawyer Jason T. , Hawley Jamie
Published: January 2018

The semimembranosus (SM) and triceps brachii (TB) from USDA Select beef carcasses were used to test the effect of wet-aging period on bloom development. Inside rounds (IMPS#168) and shoulder clods (IMPS #114) were randomly allocated to 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d wet-aging at 2°C (n = 10 subprimal cuts/aging period). Each week, two 2.54-cm-thick, non-adjacent steaks were cut from aged inside rounds and shoulder clods, and instrumental color (L*, a*, and b*) of the SM and TB was measured at 10-min intervals for 2 h after cutting. Steaks from the SM and TB became a more vivid (greater C* values; P < 0.05), redder (greater a* values; P < 0.05), and yellower (greater b* values; P < 0.05) color during the 120-min bloom period. Moreover, the calculated proportion of oxymyoglobin (OMb) in SM and TB steaks increased (linear, P < 0.001) during the first 80 min after cutting but stabilized thereafter. Redness (a* and hue angles), b*, and C* values decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.050) in SM steaks as duration of wet-aging increased from 0 to 35 d, but length of wet-aging had no (P ≥ 0.127) effect on instrumental color measures of TB steaks. Neither the percentage of calculated OMb (P = 0.580) nor OMb asymptotic point (P ≥ 0.214) for SM steaks was affected by duration of wet-aging, and, even though the proportion of OMb in TB steaks was not altered (P = 0.459) by postmortem aging, OMb asymptotic points increased (linear, P = 0.001) in TB steaks with increasing durations of wet-aging. Results of these experiments indicate that 90%, or more, of the change in color was achieved within the first 50 to 60 min after cutting, but duration of wet-aging had little to no impact on bloom development in SM and TB steaks.
Palatability of Beef from Cattle Fed Extruded Flaxseed before Hay or Mixed with Hay
Authors: Prieto N. , Dugan M. E. R. , Larsen I. L. , Vahmani P. , Aalhus J. L.
Published: January 2018

This study was undertaken to evaluate the eating quality of longissimus thoracis steaks and hamburgers (80/20 gluteus medius to perirenal fat) with enhanced profiles of potentially healthy fatty acids. The profile of health favorable fatty acids (n-3, vaccenic and rumenic) was improved in beef by feeding co-extruded flaxseed (flaxseed, peas, and alfalfa) and alfalfa-grass hay as a total mixed ration (TMR), and further enhanced by feeding co-extruded flaxseed before alfalfa-grass hay (Non-TMR). Compared to TMR, feeding steers the Non-TMR resulted in tougher steaks (P < 0.05) with lower beef flavor (P < 0.01) and greater off-flavor (P < 0.01) intensity to an extent that might be detectable by consumers. High levels of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly of vaccenic acid, were associated with a fishy off-flavor, although actual changes in flavor may relate to correlated combined effects of conjugated fatty acids, atypical dienoic acids and ɑ-linolenic acid. Diet had no significant effect on sensory attributes of hamburgers, but when panelists described off-flavors, they noted more ‘other’ off-flavors (P < 0.05) with fishy and stale/cardboard notes being more prominant in Non-TMR hamburgers. Overall, beef samples with threshold levels of vaccenic acid over 6.12% of total fatty acids resulting from feeding flaxseed products, while of potentially greater health benefit, may pose challenges in terms of eating quality. Areas worthy of further investigation to ensure acceptable eating quality might be the influence of ageing on antioxidant capacity in beef with enhanced fatty acid profiles, and the potential use of protective packaging to limit deterioration.
The Effects of Hot vs. Cold Boning on Eating Quality of New Zealand Grass Fed Beef
Authors: Crownover R. D. , Garmyn Andrea J. , Polkinghorne R. J. , Rathmann R. J. , Bernhard B. C. , Miller M. F.
Published: January 2018

Sides of the 40 selected carcasses were alternately assigned to both conventional chilling and cold boning (CB) or hot boning (HB). Fabrication of CB sides took place after overnight chilling (20 h postmortem) and subsequent carcass grading, while fabrication of HB sides occurred on the day of slaughter within 60 min of exsanguination. Five muscles were removed, including the longissimus lumborum (LL), longissimus thoracis (LT), psoas major (PM), gluteus medius (GM), and semimembranosus (SM) for consumer evaluation, compositional analysis, and sarcomere length determination. Cold boning muscles had longer (P < 0.05) sarcomere lengths compared to HB muscles, expect for the GM and SM. Chilling treatment and postmortem aging (7, 21, or 35 d postmortem) had an impact on eating quality, but these results varied by muscle. Cold shortening could be responsible for the differences in sarcomere length and ultimately differences in tenderness between HB and CB muscles. Based on consumer evaluations, HB is not recommended for LT or PM due to the reduction (P ≤ 0.02) of tenderness and overall liking scores for these subprimals; however, HB and early removal of muscles like the SM benefited (P < 0.01) from an eating quality standpoint for all palatability traits, and was neutral (P ≥ 0.21) for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall liking of the LL and GM. Postmortem aging did not affect (P ≥ 0.07) eating quality of the GM and PM, but improved (P < 0.01) tenderness of LT and SM, as well as the tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking of the LL.
Exogenous and Endogenous Factors Influencing Color of Fresh Meat from Ungulates
Authors: Neethling Nikki E. , Suman Surendranath P. , Sigge Gunnar O. , Hoffman Louwrens C. , Hunt Melvin C.
Published: January 2018

Biochemistry of post-mortem muscle tissue is complex, and several factors affect the fresh meat color and color stability, both of which influence consumer acceptance. Therefore, improving meat color and meat color stability is of significant value to the meat industry and consumers. While extensive literature is available on the color and color stability of domestic ungulates, literature on wild ungulates is notably lacking. With an increasing global demand for meats from wild ungulates, it is critical to identify the knowledge gaps regarding their color and color stability. The objective of this paper is to overview the exogenous and endogenous factors influencing the color and color stability of fresh meats from domestic and wild ungulates. The literature highlighted that the pre- and post-harvest factors influencing meat color and meat color stability are interrelated and not mutually exclusive. Current research indicates that the effects of several of these factors are specific to species, breed, and muscle source. Novel ways to manipulate these factors using a biosystems approach should be explored to improve color attributes of fresh ungulate meats.
Den offentlige menings sociologi
Authors: Vallentin Steen
Published: January 2018

The sociology of public opinion

This article discusses a constructivist approach to the concept of public opinion. It argues that this type of approach is able to capture public opinion’s concrete social manifestations, rather than the counterfactual democratic ideals that the concept is often associated with. Two constructivist strategies are discussed. The first is an unmasking strategy, which emphasizes the possibilities of „de-ontologizing“ public opinion. This strategy is, however, a strategy of exclusion, in that its aim is to exclude everything that does not provide meaning (at a higher reflective constructivist level) about public opinion. The other strategy is a materializing strategy, which aims to „re-ontologize“ public opi-nion. It is a more inclusive strategy, and the article argues that this strategy has more productive potential.
Sociologiens performativitet - afvikling af det dårlige samfund?
Authors: Blok Anders
Published: January 2018

Anders Blok:
The Performativity of Sociology – Dismantling the Poor Society?
This essay raises questions about the contribution of sociology to bettering or dismantling its always less-than-satisfactory society. What happens if we stop viewing sociological theory and analysis as explanations of society, and start seeing them as additions to society, as narrative equipment for societal ac¬-tors? And what consequences does such a performative perspective imply for the critical capacity of sociology? Drawing inspiration from actor-network theory (ANT), this essay suggests that the mundane symbolic products of so¬cio¬logy are co-constitutive for the continual (re)creation of “society“. Texts, concepts, statistics, and analyses contribute to collecting and effectuating social groups. Interesting sociology gains attention from various publics by participating in critical dialogues. Rather than cool-headed distance, a critical proximity is called for, with sociologists engaging the critical moments of social life, while developing a “sociology of criticism“ capable of respecting the critical capacities of social co-actors. Criticism is a practical endeavour, with various means of intervention available. This performative perspective suggests two important societal narratives for future sociological engagement are suggested: cosmopolitization of society and democratization of expertise.
Er dopingerfaringer forbeholdt lavtuddannede? Doping som en social praktik
Authors: Kryger Pedersen Inge , Benjaminsen Lars
Published: January 2018

Inge Kryger Pedersen and Lars Benjaminsen:
Bulked-up bodies and education: Doping as a social practice
During the last decades sociological analyses have interpreted doping and use of performance-enhancing substances as a social phenomenon mainly in the field of sports. In this article, logistic regression analyses of a questionnaire survey conducted among a random sample of the Danish population between the ages of 15-50 (2003 respondents) and persons engaged in different types of sports and exercise activities in Denmark (5036 respondents) show that pharmacological methods (medicines, drugs) have been adopted by trained, physically fit individuals outside sports. Studies indicate that experiences with performance-enhancing substances outside – and not within – competi¬ti¬ve sports are socially stratified. Use of anabolic steroids in gyms is prevalent among men with little or no education. This article looks at these observable variations in social position by drawing upon Bourdieu’s analysis of the logic of practice, his concepts of practical sense and the search for social distinction in the construction of life-styles. Despite certain limitations regarding issues of agency, it is argued that drug use outside the sphere of competitive sport can be viewed as a bodily practice related to social parameters such as the level of education. Use of doping substances outside the sphere of sport is re¬-lated to aesthetic modification, whereas doping in organised competitive sports primarily intends to enhance various physiological parameters. These para¬meters are related both to the specific skills required for the sport and to the logic of competition. This might explain why doping experiences in competitive sports do not seem to be stratified by education.
Hjemme i globaliseringen
Authors: Mechlenborg Mette
Published: January 2018

I nærværende artikel er det min hensigt at sætte fokus på den aktuelle dyrkelse af hjemmet, som har pustet liv i en diskussion om hjemmets rolle i globaliseringsteorierne. I dag synes udfordringen ikke at forstå globaliseringen over for det forankrede hverdagsliv, men at forsøge at etablere en dialog mellem de to.
Ved at sætte begrebet hjem centralt i forhold til teorier om mobilitet, modernisering og globalisering, vil denne artikel sætte fokus på kløften mellem stereotype opfattelser af globaliseringen og ind-groede myter om hjem og hverdagsliv. Teoretisk og metodisk er artiklen placeret i feltet mellem boligforskning, kulturstudier og globaliserings-forskningen. Med udgangspunkt i Marshall Bermans modernitetsopfattelse og Mieke Bals tværkulturelle teori om "rejsende koncepter" gennemgås en række kanoniserede ideer om hjem og globalisering, idet hensigten er at åbne op for en mere nuanceret, tidssvarende definition af det globaliserede hjem. Af referencer kan nævnes Zygmunt Bauman, David Morley, John Tomlinson og Agnes Heller.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Mette Mechlenborg: At Home in Globalisation?

The recent renaissance of home in culture and media has reactivated a discussion about the role of anchor in the theories of globalisation. It has also revived the discussion of the consequences of globalisation in everyday life. Today the challenge is not so much to understand the difference between a homebound life and globalisation, but to establish a dialogue between the two.
By trying to place home in the center of theories on mobility, modernity and globalisation, this article focuses on the gap between traditional understandings of globalisation and myths of everyday life and home. Theoretically and methodically this article lies in the field between housing research, cultural studies and theories of globalisation. It is embedded in the writings of Marshall Berman and in Mieke Bal’s theory of “travelling concepts“, developed for interdisciplinary studies, but goes through a range of canonised publications and writings dealing with the gap between home and globalisation as it tries to open up for a more up to date and post modern definition of the globalised home.

Key words: Globalisation, home, everyday life, mobility, theory.
Metoder til at måle kausale effekter af socialpolitiske indsatser
Authors: D. Munk Martin
Published: January 2018

I det politiske system rettes fokus i stigende grad på om socialpolitiske indsatser har en kausal effekt. I artiklen fremstilles krav, der skal være opfyldt til undersøgelsesdesign og metode for, at en undersøgelse efterfølgende kan anvendes til at sige noget om effekten af den indsats, der belyses. Om en indsats har en kausal effekt, eller om der er en årsagssammenhæng mellem indsats og virkning er vanskelig at bestemme og kræver, at et givet udfald kun kan forklares ud fra en indsats og ikke ud fra andre observerede og uobserverede forhold. Klassisk statistik og metoder kan ikke sikre validitet. Økonometriske metoder og strukturelle modeller, som udfoldet i James Heckman traditionen, er i den sammenhæng ikke til at komme uden om, og som særligt har fokus på betydningen af uobserverede forhold, uafhængighedsproblemet, og på om man udgår fra en reel social handlingsmodel, der kan beskrive sammenhængen mellem “input“ og “output“. Samfundsmæssigt set er det grundlæggende ikke acceptabelt, hvis de socialpolitiske indsatser reelt ikke kan siges at have en kausal effekt.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Martin D. Munk: Methods for Measuring the Causal Effects of Social Policy Interventions

There has been increasing focus in the political system on whether social policies have a causal effect. This article describes some of the requirements to design and method, which are supposed to be fulfilled in order for an investigation to say something about the effect of an intervention or treatment. Establishment of causality requires that a possible outcome is solely explained by a treatment or an intervention and not by other observed or unobserved conditions. Classical statistics and methods cannot insure validity. Instead methods of econometrics and structural models derived from the James Heckman tradition are required. This tradition focuses on unobserved factors, the problem of endogeneity, and whether models of social action are incorporated, models which can describe the relationship between “input“ and “output“. It is basically unacceptable from a societal point of view that interventions and other social policy efforts are not evaluated as to their causal effects.

Key words: Causal effect, social policy treatments, experiment, specifications, econometric methods, social action models.
Miljøbevægelsens nye ånd
Authors: Jøker Bjerre Henrik
Published: January 2018

Luc Boltanski og Ève Chiapello har i Kapitalismens nye ånd beskrevet transitionen fra det sene europæiske industrisamfunds “kapitalistiske ånd“ til den nye kapitalistiske ånd i den såkaldte netværksøkonomi. Denne artikel forsøger at spore en parallel udvikling inden for miljøbevægelsen: Hvor kapitalismen var udsat for radikal kritik fra miljøbevægelser af mange slags i 1960erne og de tidlige 1970ere, følger de fleste miljøbevægelser i dag netværkskapitalismens spilleregler. På den ene side har netværksøkonomien været i stand til at inkorporere mange af de kritiske punkter, som den tidlige miljøbevægelse fremførte, og på den anden side har miljøbevægelserne rettet ind efter de spilleregler som det parlamentariske demokrati og de frie markedskræfter giver.
Spørgsmålet er imidlertid om miljøbevægelserne kan vedblive med at have denne interne position i forhold til netværksøkonomien, samtidig med at de nye krav honoreres som verdens miljø- og især klimamæssige tilstand frembyder.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Henrik Jøker Bjerre: The New Spirit of Environmentalism

In The New Spirit of Capitalism Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello describe the transition from the “spirit of capitalism“ in late European industrialized capitalism to the new spirit of capitalism in the so called network economy of the 1990s and onwards. This article seeks to track a parallel development within the environmental movement: Capitalism was subjected to radical critique from various environmental movements in the 1960s and early 1970s, but today most environmental movements play by the rules of network capitalism. On the one hand, the new spirit of capitalism has made it possible to incorporate many of the critical points which were articulated by the early environmental movement; on the other hand, environmental movements have moderated their critique and adjusted to the rules of the game in parliamentary democracy and free market economy. The question remains, however, whether the environmental movements can maintain this position with regard to network economy, whilst delivering on the new exigency of today’s environment, especially the challenges of global warming.

Key words: Boltanski, capitalism, environmentalism, deep ecology, critique, climate changes.
Det sociale som performativitet – et praksisteoretisk perspektiv på analyse og metode
Authors: Halkier Bente , Jensen Iben
Published: January 2018

Artiklen introducerer de nyeste internationale forsøg på at syntetisere teoretiske elementer fra blandt andre Bourdieu, Butler og Giddens til praksisteori. Praksisteori er en særlig form for kulturteori, hvor det sociale placeres i performative processer. Forfatternes position fremhæver, at praksisteori bør ses som en særlig analytisk optik, kaldet et praksisteoretisk perspektiv. Derfor kan perspektivet tilpasses analytisk til specifikke empiriske forskningsfelter med hver deres viden, begreber og diskussioner. Et sådant praksisteoretisk perspektiv ser derfor også sociale praksisser som multirelationelle konfigurationer. Artiklen fremhæver tre områder, hvor et praksisteoretisk perspektiv i særlig grad bidrager til sociologiske epistemologiske diskussioner, nemlig i relation til krop, agency og normativitet. Ud fra forfatternes to forskellige sociologiske forskningsfelter (mad-sociologi og interkulturel kommunikation) viser og diskuterer artiklen de konkrete analytiske og metodiske fordele ved at anvende et praksisteoretisk perspektiv. Af disse kan nævnes, at man kan lave hverdagslivsanalyse uden at privilegere fænomenologi; man kan arbejde socialkonstruktivistisk uden at privilegere diskurs; man kan nytænke agency begrebet som empirisk kategori; og man kan tænke magt som konventionalitet.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Bente Halkier & Iben Jensen: The Social as Performativity.
A Practice-theoretical Perspective on Analysis and Method

The article introduces recent international attempts to synthesize theoretical elements from among others Bourdieu, Butler and Giddens into a practice theory. Practice theory is a particular type of cultural theory in which the social is placed in performative processes. The authors argue that practice theory should be seen as a particular analytical approach, called a practice theoretical perspective. This perspective can be adapted analytically to specific empirical research fields, each representing its own assemblages of knowledge, concepts and discussions. Hence, such a practice theoretical perspective sees social practices as multi-relational configurations. The article emphasizes three areas, in which a practice theoretical perspective contributes to epistemological sociological discussions; the areas of the body, agency and normativity. The article demonstrates and discusses the concrete analytical and methodological advantages of using a practice theoretical perspective in relation to two different sociological research fields: sociology of food and intercultural communication. Some of these advantages are that it is possible to do everyday life analysis without privileging phenomenology; it is possible to work social constructivist without privileging discourse; it is possible to rethink the concept of agency; and power can be thought of as conventionality.

Key words: Practice theory, cultural theory, performativity, epistemology, qualitative methods.
Hvem er Yum-Yum? Tegneseriestaten i svøb
Authors: Åkerstrøm Andersen Niels
Published: January 2018

Artiklen analyserer kampagnen: ”Leg dig sund”, som er tilrettelagt af Fødevarestyrelsen og Sundhedsstyrelsen. ”Leg dig sund” retter sig mod især udsatte familier og deres vilje, viden og handlekapacitet til at leve sundt. Centrum i artiklen er kampagnens kobling til leg. Hvordan kan det være, at leg står så centralt i kampagnen? Hvad har leg og kampagne med hinanden at gøre? Hvad har sundhed og leg med hinanden at gøre? Et centralt træk ved kampagnen er, at den på én gang vil og ikke vil være en kampagne, på én gang vil og ikke vil være styring. Det hænger sammen med, at den iagttager modstand blandt de udsatte familier både i forhold til styring og i forhold til sundhedsfremme. Samtidigt vil man ikke anerkende familierne som modstandere. Man vil hellere gå uden om modstanden i en erkendelse af, at sundhedsfremme virker bedst, når den ikke ligner en sådan, og styring styrer mest, når den ikke er tilrettelagt som styring. Leg ses her som et alternativ. Artiklen ender i en diskussion af hvilken stat, der kommer til syne i en sådan praksis. Måske er det en tegneseriestat? Det er en stat, der ikke sætter grænser for sig selv overfor borgeren, for hvorfor skulle man beskytte borgerne mod leg? ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen: Who is Yum-Yum? The Cartoon State in the Making This article analyzes the campaign “Play Yourself Healthy”. The campaign is organized by the Danish Food Agency and the Danish Health Agency and focuses on socially “weak” families in an attempt to influence their will, knowledge and capacity to act in order to live healthy lives. The article concentrates on the link between campaigning and playing. How has play become so important to the campaign? What are the connections between playing and developing campaigns? What are the connections between health and play? The campaign wants to be both a campaign and not a campaign, both steering and not steering. This is because of the resistance among the target families to steering and health promotion. No one wants to identify the families as opponents, however, so the authorities work around their resistance by presuming that health promotion works best if it does not look like promotion, and that steering works best when it is not arranged as such. Play is seen here as an alternative, and the article hopes to foster discussion about the form of the state that emerges in the campaign practices. It offers the hypothesis that the “new state” does not limit itself in the means it uses to govern citizens. After all, why should it protect citizens against playing? Key words: Steering, campaigning, health promotion, resistance, media, play.
Marx og det moderne arbejdsliv – en diskussion af arbejdsværditeoriens betydning for kritikken af arbejdslivet i den globale kapitalisme
Authors: Hansson Finn
Published: January 2018

Den globale kapitalisme er eksplosiv i sin udvikling, og det har resulteret i, at den ofte beskrives ud fra en række nye synonymer, såsom vidensøkonomi, oplevelsesøkonomi eller kreativ økonomi. Denne artikel vil undersøge om de modsætninger og problemer, som denne nye kapitalisme skaber for lønarbejderne, kan analyseres fra en kritisk position med udgangspunkt i Marx’ økonomikritik. Begrundelsen for at vælge dette kritikperspektiv er, at den meget levedygtige globale kapitalisme viser sin dynamik gennem en eksplosiv udbredelse af vareliggørelsen af alle former for aktiviteter til alle dele af samfundet og hele kloden. Vareformens dominans gør det afgørende at fastholde, at kritiske nøgleindsigter i denne samfundsstruktur skal udvikles gennem en fornyet kritisk refleksion af den mest omfattende analyse af vareformen i et kapitalistisk samfund, og den finder vi hos Marx i Kapitalen. Marx’ analyse af kapitalismen er ikke først og fremmest en teori om økonomiens strukturering og udvikling, men en teori om magt og sociale relationer i arbejdslivet i det kapitalistiske samfund. Teorien er en formanalyse, forstået som en analyse af de former, vare- og værdiformen, som med Marx’ ord gennemtrænger og strukturerer de samfund, der er bygget op på en kapitalistisk vareøkonomi – hvorfor en kritik må sættes ind netop der.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Finn Hansson: Marx and Modern Working Life. A Discussion of the Labour Theory of Value’s Meaning for the Critique of Working Life in Global Capitalism

Global capitalism has often been described through a number of synonyms like knowledge economy, experience economy or creative economy. This article will show that this “new” capitalism is really not that new and that new problems in working life can be analyzed and understood by going back to Marx and his critique of the political economy. The key reason for going back to Marx is that his social criticism rests on a theory of the commodity and value form – and that modern capitalism has extended commoditization to all sectors of society. The aim of Marx’s social critique in Capital is to understand the roots of power and social dominance in work-life situations and its impact on the reproduction of labour power. His major tool is the theory of forms, commodity and value forms, permeating the whole capitalist society.

Key words: Capitalism, work life, critical sociology, Marxism.
Den subjektive oplevelse af klasse
Authors: Faber Stine Thidemann
Published: January 2018

Denne artikel bygger på forskellige kvinders fortællinger om sig selv og deres forestillinger om hverdagen og dens sammenhæng. Den refererer til afhandlingen På jagt efter klasse, i hvilken ærindet har været at studere klasse på ”mikroniveau” og ved hjælp af interviews belyse, hvordan klasse, i processer der interagerer med køn og andre sociale differentieringer, præger kvinders erfaringer og oplevelser, deres opfattelse af dem selv og andre og de muligheder, der er tilgængelige for dem. I interviewene afvises sociale forskelle i udgangspunktet, eller de pakkes ind og underspilles for så alligevel at dukke op bl.a. i de skillelinjer, kvinderne selv fremdrager som vigtige og i måden, hvorpå de betragter og vurderer sig selv og andre. Klasse giver sig langt hen ad vejen til kende i form af grænser mellem os og dem. Afstandtagen til andre viser sig især i moralske distinktioner, og når kvinderne mere eller mindre direkte henviser til folk, der tænker, handler eller prioriterer anderledes og indimellem uforståeligt for dem.

Søgeord: Klasse, køn, social differentiering, moralske distinktioner, Bourdieu, symbolsk grænsedragning.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Stine Thidemann Faber: The Subjective Experience of Social Class
This article is based on the dissertation “The Pursuit of Class”, a study of social class on a ”micro-level”. Through interviews with women, it explores how class – through processes that interact with gender and other social differentiations – leaves its mark on women’s experiences and perceptions of self and others as well as their perceptions of opportunities accessible to them. In the interviews social differences are initially rejected, muffled and underplayed. Yet, in very subtle ways the women do in fact discuss social differences, although the word class is never used. Above all, class is revealed through borders drawn between them and us. This distancing from others is communicated mainly as moral reservations and moral condemnation. In that sense the women indirectly refer to people who think, act or prioritize differently. Motherhood appears to be a particularly important factor when the women assess themselves and others.

Key words: Class, gender, social differentiation, moral distinctions, Bourdieu, symbolic boundary drawing.