bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Quantum Dot Shell Thickness and Polyethylenimine Interlayers for Optimization of Inverted Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yazici Ahmet F. , Ocal Sema Karabel , Bicer Aysenur , Serin Ramis B. , Kacar Rifat , Ucar Esin , Ulku Alper , Erdem Talha , Mutlugun Evren
Published: July 2024

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) hold great promise for next-generation display applications owing to their exceptional optical properties and versatile tunability. In this study, we investigate the effects of quantum dot (QD) shell thickness, polyethylenimine (PEI) concentration, and PEI layer position on the performance of inverted QLED devices. Two types of alloyed-core/shell QDs with varying shell thicknesses were synthesized using a one-pot method with mean particle sizes of 8.0 ± 0.9 nm and 10.3 ± 1.3 nm for thin- and thick-shelled QDs, respectively. Thick-shelled QDs exhibited a higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a narrower emission linewidth compared to their thin-shelled counterparts. Next, QLEDs employing these QDs were fabricated. The incorporation of PEI layers on either side of the QD emissive layer significantly enhanced device performance. Using PEI on the hole transport side resulted in greater improvement than on the electron injection side. Sandwiching the QD layer between two PEI layers led to the best performance, with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17% and a peak luminance of 91,174 cd/m2 achieved using an optimized PEI concentration of 0.025 wt% on both electron injection and hole injection sides. This study highlights the critical role of QD shell engineering and interfacial modification in achieving high-performance QLEDs for display applications.
Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of Extracts Obtained via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Medicinal Plant Phedimus aizoon
Authors: Lee Jeongho , Kim Minji , Son Hyerim , Kim Seunghee , Jo Sangjin , Janchiv Agiimaa , Kim Soo-Yong , Lee Taek , Yoo Hah Young
Published: July 2024

Phedimus aizoon has been utilized as a medicinal plant in Asia. However, the production of phytochemical-rich extracts from P. aizoon and the evaluation of their bioactivity are limited. Herein, phytochemical-rich extracts were prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction of P. aizoon, with a high extraction yield of 16.56%. The extracts contained about 126 mg of phenolics and 31 mg of flavonoids per g of the extracts. The chromatographic analysis (GC-MS and HPLC analyses) identified 19 notable phytochemicals of the extracts from P. aizoon, including pentacosane, hexadecanoic acid, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and quercetin. The gallic acid content of the extracts was relatively high at 2.75 mg/g. The identified compounds are known to have various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. In fact, the prepared extracts exhibited antioxidant activity at 24–28% of that of ascorbic acid. In addition, it showed antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria). This study highlights that P. aizoon deserves attention as a natural bioactive substance and emphasizes the need for applications of the extracts from P. aizoon.
Thermolytic Synthesis of Asphaltene-like Nitrogenous Bases and Study of Their Aggregative Stability
Authors: Korneev Dmitry , Fialkovsky Igor
Published: July 2024

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of nitrogenous bases on the composition of oil and the structure of asphaltenes on their colloidal stability in solution. Model petroleum systems with a basic nitrogen content of 1, 2, and 3% wt. were used as objects of study. Asphaltene-like nitrogenous bases were obtained by thermolysis of model petroleum systems with different nitrogen contents. The results were obtained using elemental analysis, non-aqueous potentiometric titration, spectrophotometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and liquid adsorption chromatography. It was established that the content of Nbas in asphaltenes increases by 0.3–1.3% wt. with the increase in quinoline content in petroleum components. Quinoline is incorporated into the supramolecular structure of asphaltenes and increases their average molecular weight by 650 amu. and aromaticity by 2%. The aggregative stability of asphaltenes decreases by 1.5–6 times with an increase in their average molecular weight and an increase in Nbas in their composition as a component of a dispersion medium. The colloidal stability of synthetic asphaltene-like substances, on the contrary, is due to the appearance of their molecular sequence of fragments containing Nbas in aromatic rings.
Supramolecular Solvent-Based Extraction of Microgreens: Taguchi Design Coupled-ANN Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Vučetić Anja , Pezo Lato , Šovljanski Olja , Vulić Jelena , Travičić Vanja , Ćetković Gordana , Čanadanović-Brunet Jasna
Published: July 2024

Supramolecular solvent-based extraction (SUPRAS) stands out as a promising approach, particularly due to its environmentally friendly and efficient characteristics. This research explores the optimization of SUPRAS extraction for sango radish and kale microgreens, focusing on enhancing the extraction efficiency. The Taguchi experimental design and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were utilized to systematically optimize extraction parameters (ethanol content, SUPRAS: equilibrium ratio, centrifugation rate, centrifugation time, and solid-liquid ratio). The extraction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics, and anthocyanidins. The obtained results demonstrated variability in phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities across microgreen samples, with the possibility of achieving high extraction yields using the prediction of optimized parameters. The optimal result for sango radish can be achieved at an ethanol content of 35.7%; SUPRAS: equilibrium ratio of 1 v/v, centrifugation rate of 4020 rpm, centrifugation time of 19.84 min, and solid-liquid ratio of 30.2 mg/mL. The following parameters are predicted for maximal extraction efficiency for kale: ethanol content of 35.64%; SUPRAS: equilibrium ratio of 1 v/v; centrifugation rate of 3927 rpm; centrifugation time of 19.83 min; and solid-liquid ratio of 30.4 mg/mL. Additionally, laboratory verification of predicted SUPRAS parameters showed very low divergency degrees for both microgreens (–3.09 to 2.36% for sango radish, and −2.57 to 3.58% for kale). This potential of SUPRAS extraction, coupled with statistical and computational optimization techniques, can enhance the recovery of valuable bioactive compounds from microgreens and contribute to green extraction applications.
Assessing the Viability of Integrating Evaporation and Solvent Extraction Systems for Lithium Recovery from Low-Grade Brines
Authors: Ochromowicz Katarzyna , Zabłocka-Malicka Monika , Chojnacka Ida , Worsa-Kozak Magdalena
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the demand for lithium, essential to the high-tech and battery sectors, has increased rapidly. The majority of lithium carbonate is now sourced from continental brines in Latin America, owing to the lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. In Europe, often overlooked but promising lithium resources could include highly mineralized underground waters. Therefore, this study investigates the enrichment of these low-grade solutions (<100 mg/L Li) through evaporation followed by solvent extraction (SX) processes under specific conditions. The effectiveness and the technical feasibility of lithium extraction were evaluated using binary synthetic, multicomponent semi-synthetic, and real brine samples. The popular tributyl phosphate/methyl isobutyl ketone (TBP/MIBK) system, supplemented with FeCl3 and AlCl3 as co-extractants, was employed as the organic phase. Evaporation resulted in significant lithium losses (up to 80%), reduced to ~10% by washing the crystallisate obtained during evaporation with ethanol. The results from SX tests revealed differences between the synthetic and real brines. While the synthetic brines exhibited satisfactory lithium extraction yields (91%), the real brines showed a significantly lower extraction efficiency (~32%), rendering the tested system ineffective. Solid phase precipitation during the SX trials was observed for both the synthetic and real brines, which were concentrated before the SX stage, highlighting the challenges in lithium-recovery processes. However, semi-synthetic brine trials yielded promising results, with a satisfactory extraction efficiency (76%), and the absence of physical problems (emulsion, long disengagement, etc.). This reveals the importance of the chemical composition of brines and emphasizes the need for varied procedural approaches in lithium-recovery processes.
Evolution of the Floe Size Distribution in Arctic Summer Based on High-Resolution Satellite Imagery
Authors: Li Zongxing , Lu Peng , Zhou Jiaru , Zhang Hang , Huo Puzhen , Yu Miao , Wang Qingkai , Li Zhijun
Published: July 2024

In this paper, based on high-resolution satellite images near an ice bridge in the Canadian Basin, we extracted floe size parameters and analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the parameters through image processing techniques. The floe area shows a decreasing trend over time, while the perimeter and mean clamped diameter (MCD) exhibit no obvious pattern of change. In addition, the roundness of floes, reflected by shape parameters, generally decreases initially and then increases, and the average roundness of small floes is smaller than that of large floes. To correct the deviations from power law behaviour when assessing the floe size distribution (FSD) with the traditional power law function, the upper-truncated power law distribution function and the Weibull function are selected. The four parameters of the two functions are important parameters for describing the floe size distribution, and Lr and L0 are roughly equal to the maximum calliper diameter and the average calliper diameter of the floes in the region. D in the upper-truncated power law distribution function represents the fractal dimension of the floes, and r in the Weibull function represents the shape parameter of the floes, both of which increase and then decrease with time. In this paper, we investigate the response of the rate of change in the FSD parameter to the differences in the monthly average temperature and find that D, r and air temperature are positively correlated, which verifies the influence of air temperature on the floe size distribution.
Application of a Laser Profile Sensor for the Full-Field Measurement of the Continuous Icing Process of Rotating Blades
Authors: Filippatos Angelos , Schwab Simon , Wollmann Tino , Gude Maik
Published: July 2024

With the advancing energy transition, icing is a growing problem in the wind turbine sector. The development of systems to detect and mitigate icing makes it necessary to understand its basic behavior and characteristics. This paper proposes a method for the continuous and full-field measurement of the icing process of rotating blades, using a single line laser profile scanner. Inside of a climate chamber, a rotor is driven by a motor, while a system of nozzles provides a fine water dust, which leads to ice accumulating on simple NACA blades, which in turn is measured by a triangulation laser. The measurement data are cleared from outliers and presented as a surface in 3D space. An alpha shape is used to reconstruct and extract the volume of the ice between a reference and a measurement surface, using the corresponding Matlab function. Appropriate input parameters for the function and offsetting of the reference surface to improve the results are compared and discussed. The resulting system is able to detect small changes in the ice layer thickness in the sub-millimeter range.
Research on the Method of Foreign Object Detection for Railway Tracks Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ning Shanping , Ding Feng , Chen Bangbang
Published: July 2024

Addressing the limitations of current railway track foreign object detection techniques, which suffer from inadequate real-time performance and diminished accuracy in detecting small objects, this paper introduces an innovative vision-based perception methodology harnessing the power of deep learning. Central to this approach is the construction of a railway boundary model utilizing a sophisticated track detection method, along with an enhanced UNet semantic segmentation network to achieve autonomous segmentation of diverse track categories. By employing equal interval division and row-by-row traversal, critical track feature points are precisely extracted, and the track linear equation is derived through the least squares method, thus establishing an accurate railway boundary model. We optimized the YOLOv5s detection model in four aspects: incorporating the SE attention mechanism into the Neck network layer to enhance the model’s feature extraction capabilities, adding a prediction layer to improve the detection performance for small objects, proposing a linear size scaling method to obtain suitable anchor boxes, and utilizing Inner-IoU to refine the boundary regression loss function, thereby increasing the positioning accuracy of the bounding boxes. We conducted a detection accuracy validation for railway track foreign object intrusion using a self-constructed image dataset. The results indicate that the proposed semantic segmentation model achieved an MIoU of 91.8%, representing a 3.9% improvement over the previous model, effectively segmenting railway tracks. Additionally, the optimized detection model could effectively detect foreign object intrusions on the tracks, reducing missed and false alarms and achieving a 7.4% increase in the mean average precision (IoU = 0.5) compared to the original YOLOv5s model. The model exhibits strong generalization capabilities in scenarios involving small objects. This proposed approach represents an effective exploration of deep learning techniques for railway track foreign object intrusion detection, suitable for use in complex environments to ensure the operational safety of rail lines.
Measurement Approach for the Pose of Flanges in Cabin Assemblies through Distributed Vision
Authors: Ma Xiaojie , Zhang Jieyu , Miao Tianchao , Xie Fawen , Geng Zhongqiu
Published: July 2024

The relative rotation angle between two cabins should be automatically and precisely obtained during automated assembly processes for spacecraft and aircraft. This paper introduces a method to solve this problem based on distributed vision, where two groups of cameras are employed to take images of mating features, such as dowel pins and holes, in oblique directions. Then, the relative rotation between the mating flanges of two cabins is calculated. The key point is the registration of the distributed cameras; thus, a simple and practical registration process is designed. It is assumed that there are rigid and scaling transformations among the world coordinate systems (WCS) of each camera. Therefore, the rigid-correct and scaling-correct matrices are adopted to register the cameras. An auxiliary registration device with known features is designed and moved in the cameras’ field of view (FOV) to obtain the matrix parameters so that each camera acquires traces of every feature. The parameters can be solved using a genetic algorithm based on the known geometric relationships between the trajectories on the registration devices. This paper designs a prototype to verify the method. The precision reaches 0.02° in the measuring space of 340 mm.
Disciplining a Rubidium Atomic Clock Based on Adaptive Kalman Filter
Authors: Liu Kun , Guan Xiaolong , Ren Xiaoqian , Wu Jianfeng
Published: July 2024

Rubidium atomic clocks have been used extensively in various fields, with applications such as a core component of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, they exhibit inherently poor long-term stability. This paper presents the development of a control system for rubidium atomic clocks. It introduces an adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm for the disciplining of a rubidium atomic clock, utilizing autocovariance least squares (ALS) to estimate the clock’s noise parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a high estimation accuracy. The standard deviation of the clock error between the steered rubidium atomic clock 1 Pulse Per Second (1PPS) and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) provided by the National Time Service Center (NTSC) is better than 2.568 nanoseconds(ns), with peak-to-peak values improving to within 11.358 ns. Notably, its frequency stability is reduced to 3.06 × 10−13 @100,000 s. The results for the rubidium atomic clock demonstrate that the adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm proposed herein constitutes an accurate and effective control strategy for the rubidium atomic clock discipline.
Reading between the Lines: Process Mining on OPC UA Network Data
Authors: Hornsteiner Markus , Empl Philip , Bunghardt Timo , Schönig Stefan
Published: July 2024

The introduction of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has led to major changes in the industry. Thanks to machine data, business process management methods and techniques could also be applied to them. However, one data source has so far remained untouched: The network data of the machines. In the business environment, process mining, for example, has already been carried out based on network data, but the IIoT, with its particular protocols such as OPC UA, has yet to be investigated. With the help of design science research and on the shoulders of CRISP-DM, we first develop a framework for process mining in the IIoT in this paper. We then apply the framework to real-world IIoT network traffic data and evaluate the outcome and performance of our approach in detail. We find tremendous potential in network traffic data but also limitations. Among other things, due to the dependence on process experts and the existence of case IDs.
Design, Fabrication, and Dynamic Analysis of a MEMS Ring Resonator Supported by Twin Circular Curve Beams
Authors: Ranji Ahmad Rahbar , Nagesh Gnanesh , Sun Fangyan , Ahamed Mohammed Jalal
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present a compressive study on the design and development of a MEMS ring resonator and its dynamic behavior under electrostatic force when supported by twin circular curve beams. Finite element analysis (FEA)-based modeling techniques are used to simulate and refine the resonator geometry and transduction. In proper FEA or analytical modeling, the explicit description and accurate values of the effective mass and stiffness of the resonator structure are needed. Therefore, here we outlined an analytical model approach to calculate those values using the first principles of kinetic and potential energy analyses. The natural frequencies of the structure were then calculated using those parameters and compared with those that were simulated using the FEA tool ANSYS. Dynamic analysis was performed to calculate the pull-in voltage, shift of resonance frequency, and harmonic analyses of the ring to understand how the ring resonator is affected by the applied voltage. Additional analysis was performed for different orientations of silicon and assessing the frequency response and frequency shifts. The prototype was fabricated using the standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based MEMS fabrication process and the experimental results for resonances showed good agreement with the developed model approach. The model approach presented in this paper can be used to provide valuable insights for the optimization of MEMS resonators for various operating conditions.
Biology, Ecology, Impacts and Management of the Invasive Weed, Blue Heliotrope (Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl)—A Review
Authors: Roberts Jason , Peerzada Arslan Masood , Bajwa Ali Ahsan
Published: July 2024

Blue heliotrope (Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl) is an extremely drought-hardy perennial weed that is often problematic within agricultural production systems and natural environments in some parts of the world. It has the capacity to outcompete and displace desirable plant species and it contains various biochemical compounds that are toxic to grazing livestock and humans. Heliotropium amplexicaule plants can grow within a range of climatic and environmental conditions and produce seeds that remain dormant for several years within the soil which exhibit staggered emergence long after the original parent plants have expired. While control options, including biological, chemical, cultural, and physical methods, are available, many are not suitable as a single-use approach for the long-term management of this species. Therefore, an integrated weed management (IWM) program is necessary for the confident and long-term management of H. amplexicaule, particularly within dryland ecosystems. This review explores the biology, ecology, distribution, and suitable management options currently available for H. amplexicaule, while identifying research gaps that can be addressed to assist in its future management. While particular emphasis is placed on the Australian experience, information from a global perspective is included, providing valuable insights for the long-term management of H. amplexicaule worldwide.
Wood Waste Recycling in Sweden—Industrial, Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Elginoz Nilay , van Blokland Joran , Safarian Sahar , Movahedisaveji Zeinab , Yadeta Wedajo Desalegn , Adamopoulos Stergios
Published: July 2024

The disposal of wood waste at facilities for incineration in Sweden is the only applied management practice today. Energy production from biomass has gained attention for its potential to recover energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, besides being a valuable source for energy generation, wood waste can be effectively recycled into new products. Specifically, recycling wood waste into particleboard is the widely practiced method in Europe, while its benefits have not been explored in the country so far. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of producing particleboard and generating energy from wood waste in Sweden. This research investigates four alternative systems for wood waste disposal. The first system involves the production of heat, the second system involves heat and power by wood waste, while the third and the fourth systems, in addition to energy recovery, include partial recycling of wood waste in particleboard production. A life cycle sustainability assessment covering all three pillars (environment, social, and economic) of sustainability was conducted to compare these systems. The results show that adding recycling schemes to incineration in wood waste management practices strengthens the sustainability for all three aspects, and hence, these management methods can be considered as complementary methods rather than competing methods. When all sustainability categories are considered, alternative three (heat recovery and recycling) comes forward as the best option in 11 out of 16 impact categories.
Optimizing Speech Emotion Recognition with Machine Learning Based Advanced Audio Cue Analysis
Authors: Pallewela Nuwan , Alahakoon Damminda , Adikari Achini , Pierce John E. , Rose Miranda L.
Published: July 2024

In today’s fast-paced and interconnected world, where human–computer interaction is an integral component of daily life, the ability to recognize and understand human emotions has emerged as a crucial facet of technological advancement. However, human emotion, a complex interplay of physiological, psychological, and social factors, poses a formidable challenge even for other humans to comprehend accurately. With the emergence of voice assistants and other speech-based applications, it has become essential to improve audio-based emotion expression. However, there is a lack of specificity and agreement in current emotion annotation practice, as evidenced by conflicting labels in many human-annotated emotional datasets for the same speech segments. Previous studies have had to filter out these conflicts and, therefore, a large portion of the collected data has been considered unusable. In this study, we aimed to improve the accuracy of computational prediction of uncertain emotion labels by utilizing high-confidence emotion labelled speech segments from the IEMOCAP emotion dataset. We implemented an audio-based emotion recognition model using bag of audio word encoding (BoAW) to obtain a representation of audio aspects of emotion in speech with state-of-the-art recurrent neural network models. Our approach improved the state-of-the-art audio-based emotion recognition with a 61.09% accuracy rate, an improvement of 1.02% over the BiDialogueRNN model and 1.72% over the EmoCaps multi-modal emotion recognition models. In comparison to human annotation, our approach achieved similar results in identifying positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, it has proven effective in accurately recognizing the sentiment of uncertain emotion segments that were previously considered unusable in other studies. Improvements in audio emotion recognition could have implications in voice-based assistants, healthcare, and other industrial applications that benefit from automated communication.
Gender- and Obesity-Specific Association of Co-Exposure to Personal Care Product and Plasticizing Chemicals and Short Sleep Duration among Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016
Authors: Bigambo Francis Manyori , Sun Jian , Zhu Chun , Zheng Songshan , Xu Yang , Wu Di , Xia Yankai , Wang Xu
Published: July 2024

There is limited evidence about the gender- and obesity-specific effects of personal care product and plasticizing chemicals (PCPPCs) on short sleep duration in adults. We evaluated the gender- and obesity-specific association of co-exposure to PCPPCs and short sleep duration among adults aged 20–60 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016, a secondary data source from the United States. Seventeen PCPPCs, including five phenols, two parabens, and ten phthalates, were detected, and sleep duration was assessed among 3012 adults. Logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed. We found that bisphenol A (BPA), mono (caboxy-isooctyl) phthalate (MCOP), and mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) were consistently positively associated with short sleep duration in both females and males regardless of obesity status, except for BPA with general obesity. In particular, mono benzyl phthalate (MBzP) revealed a positive association in females, mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) revealed a positive association in males, and MiBP revealed a positive association in abdominal obesity. Similar associations were observed in the mixture. Our study highlights that PCPPCs are independently associated with an increasing risk of short sleep duration in adults both individually and as a mixture; however, gender- and obesity-specific differences may have little effect on certain individual PCPPCs on short sleep duration.
Evaluation of Mass Drug Administration Coverage for Lymphatic Filariasis in the Lukonga Health Zone in 2022
Authors: Ntumba Patrick N. , Akilimali Pierre Z.
Published: July 2024

(1) Background and rationale: To validate the reported therapeutic coverage, a lymphatic filariasis post-mass drug administration (MDA) campaign survey was conducted in the Lukonga health zone from 10 June to 15 July 2023. (2) Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the community level in 30 villages in the Lukonga health zone from 10 June to 15 July 2023. The study population included all individuals from the visited communities. The study variables included age, sex, drug use (ivermectin + albendazole), adverse events, and adherence to MDA guidelines for supervised drug use. Questionnaires were administered on Android phones using the SurveyCTO platform. Stata version 17 was used for data analysis. (3) Results: Of the 1092 respondents, 54.8% were female and one-third were between the ages of 5 and 14. Two-thirds of the households surveyed, or 64%, had more than six people living in them, and 1031 individuals, or 94%, reported being present during the community mass drug distribution. Notably, 678 individuals, or 66%, reported taking the drugs offered, and 66.4% of those who took the drugs reported doing so in the presence of drug distributors. Thus, the survey coverage was 65.7% [95% CI: 62.9–68.7]. The results of this study show that the survey coverage was above the 65% threshold recommended by the WHO but below the 82.3% reported by the Lukonga health zone. The main reason for non-compliance was a fear of ivermectin-related side effects (47%). Supervised or directly observed treatment was not adhered to (66.4%). (4) Discussion and conclusions: Key challenges to further increase treatment coverage include assessing data quality, building capacity, motivating drug distributors, improving data reporting tools, proper recording by drug distributors, and accurate reporting on non-residents who take the drugs during the MDA. In addition, harmonization of the numerator for calculating drug coverage in the health zone is critical. It is imperative to provide the public with explicit information regarding the objective of drug distribution and the probable adverse effects.
Stochastic Tunneling in de Sitter Spacetime
Authors: Miyachi Taiga , Soda Jiro , Tokuda Junsei
Published: July 2024

Tunneling processes in de Sitter spacetime are studied by using the stochastic approach. We evaluate the Martin–Siggia–Rose–Janssen–de Dominicis (MSRJD) functional integral by using the saddle-point approximation to obtain the tunneling rate. The applicability conditions of this method are clarified using the Schwinger–Keldysh formalism. In the case of a shallow potential barrier, we reproduce the Hawking–Moss (HM) tunneling rate. Remarkably, in contrast to the HM picture, the configuration derived from the MSRJD functional integral satisfies physically natural boundary conditions. We also discuss the case of a steep potential barrier and find an interesting Coleman–de Luccia (CDL) bubblelike configuration. Since the starting point of our analysis is the Schwinger–Keldysh path integral, which can be formulated in a more generic setup and incorporates quantum effects, our formalism sheds light on further studies of tunneling phenomena from a real-time perspective.
Overview of Cytomegalovirus Ocular Diseases: Retinitis, Corneal Endotheliitis, and Iridocyclitis
Authors: Kobayashi Reiko , Hashida Noriyasu
Published: July 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant clinical concern in newborns, immunocompromised patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. CMV infection affects many organs, such as the lungs, digestive organs, the central nerve system, and eyes. In addition, CMV infection sometimes occurs in immunocompetent individuals. CMV ocular diseases includes retinitis, corneal endotheliitis, and iridocyclitis. CMV retinitis often develops in infected newborns and immunocompromised patients. CMV corneal endotheliitis and iridocyclitis sometimes develop in immunocompetent individuals. Systemic infections and CMV ocular diseases often require systemic treatment in addition to topical treatment.
Transovarial Transmission of Cell-Fusing Agent Virus in Naturally Infected Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Authors: Nag Dilip K. , Efner Kathryn J.
Published: July 2024

Mosquito-borne arboviruses include several pathogens that are responsible for many diseases of significant public health burden. Mosquitoes also host many insect-specific viruses that cannot replicate in vertebrate cells. These insect-specific viruses persist in nature predominantly via vertical transmission (VT), and they exhibit high VT rates (VTRs). Cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV), an insect-specific orthoflavivirus, shows high VTRs in naturally infected mosquitoes but not in artificially infected mosquitoes. To determine whether the high VTRs are due to transovarial transmission, we investigated VT and ovary infection patterns in naturally CFAV-infected Aedes aegypti (Bangkok) mosquitoes. VT was monitored by detecting CFAV among the progeny by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and ovary infection was determined by in situ hybridization using a virus-specific probe. We showed that in CFAV-positive mosquitoes, ovarian follicles were infected, suggesting that VT occurs by transovarial transmission in naturally infected mosquitoes. Additionally, mosquitoes harbored dormant, non-replicative CFAV that remained below the detection level. These results suggested that CFAV persists via VT in nature and has the potential to remain dormant in diapausing mosquitoes during unfavorable conditions. Understanding this VT mechanism is crucial for comprehending the persistence of insect-specific viruses (and potentially dual-host arboviruses) in their natural environment.
Preserving properties of some Szasz-Mirakyan type operators
Authors: Bustamante Jorge
Published: July 2024

For a family of Szasz-Mirakyan type operators we prove that they preserve convex-type functions and that a monotonicity property verified by Cheney and Sharma in the case Szasz-Mirakyan operators holds for the variation study here. We also verify that several modulus of continuity are preserved.
Theodor Herzl et l’antisémitisme
Authors: Robertson Ritchie
Published: July 2024

L'article a pour sujet la relation paradoxale que Théodore Herzl a entretenue avec la tradition pangermaniste et antisémite. Le chemin vers le sionisme passa par une vénération presque cultuelle du modèle prussien de l'aristocratie militaire et un mépris profond des juifs du ghetto et de leur langue dont témoigne de façon inouïe son essai Mauscheln. Le fondateur du sionisme n'hésite pas de parler d'une «difformité psychologique » de son peuple dont il veut entreprendre un processus de régénération. Cette forme de l'antisémitisme est selon lui une question interne à l'histoire juive.
Der Fall Kreisky. Grenzgänge zwischen Politik, Wissenschaft und Kunst
Authors: Rathkolb Olivier
Published: July 2024

Bruno Kreisky, the Austrian Chancellor 1970-1983, tried to build new bridges to overcome the political differences of the past. These intellectual bridges should be used to somehow reintegrate the scientific and artistic works of emigrants into the debates of the 1970s. These efforts can be documented by his initiatives to pick out the hostility of politics concerning modem art and avant-garde around 1 900 and during the inter-war period as a central theme and position the freedom of the arts as a constitutional right. Bruno Kreisky, who was forced into exile 1938-1950, thus can be re-read as a reformer, adapted to the conservative mainstream of the political culture in the Second Republic, but in the long run aiming at changing scientific and cultural policy
Élisabeth d’Autriche : l’Impératrice errante
Authors: Mondon Christine
Published: July 2024

"Fern von Wien", so definiert sich das Leben der Kaiserin von Österreich und der Königin von Ungarn. Elisabeth erträgt nicht die strengen Prinzipien am Wiener Hof, sie erkrankt, und die Reisen geben ihr die Möglichkeit, dem Joch von der Erzherzogin Sophie zu entkommen. Aber diese fortwährende Suche nach einem Anderswo verrät eine unstete, melancholische und neurotische Natur.
Comment Félix Kreissler m’a toujours encouragée à écrire
Authors: Tunner Erika
Published: July 2024

Felix Kreissler was particularly good at supporting team projects as well as individual initiatives. Thanks to him Austriaca was able to publish a series of texts, which were written in part due to his dynamic initiative and his unwavering trust in his collaborators. It was important to him to inspire a kind of healthy optimism, to actively support enjoying one’s work as well as following through with a project.
Étude comparative des antagonismes et des stratégies de compensation : dispositions en faveur de conjoints, enfants ou parents dans les contrats de mariage de différents espaces juridiques aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Authors: Lanzinger Margareth , Barth-Scalmani Gunda , Forster Ellinor , Langer-Ostrawsky Gertrude
Published: July 2024

Marriage was an institution of great economic relevance. The act of marriage usually occasioned transfers of resources, and the relations between the sexes within a marriage were characterized by the marital property regime in effect. This governed the management, disposition over and use of resources contributed to marriages by women, and had a great influence on the degree to which widows and widowers were entitled to the wealth of their deceased partners. Due to the legal plurality of the early modern period, actual practice varied considerably. Just as diverse were the areas of conflict and the ways in which balance was sought.
Et les délicatesses ? Quelques observations sur la cuisine bachmannienne
Authors: Ott Herta Luise
Published: July 2024

In one of her last published poems, Ingeborg Bachmann declares that she doesn’t want to serve the culinary interests of “delicate” poetry any longer, of a poetry that decorates and tastes language as a refined food. The title of the poem is “Keine Delikatessen !”. In contrast to the first versions, there are no metaphorical references to earthly food in this last version. In this poem Bachmann marks a break with her “culinary” writing of the past. Her struggle in writing Todesarten left its mark in her other texts. This paper will show the changes in her use of culinary metaphors and with chosen examples will consider the way she describes food and meals in her prose.
Serviteurs et subalternes dans La Marche de Radetzky de Joseph Roth
Authors: Le Née Aurélie
Published: July 2024

Diener und Untergeordnete in Roths Radetzkymarsch.

Roths Roman Radetzkymarsch spiegelt die Gesellschaft der Donaumonarchie und deren streng hierarchische Struktur wider. In dieser Gesellschaft ist jedes Individuum der Untergebene eines anderen, und an der Spitze der Pyramide steht der Kaiser. In diesem Zusammenhang werden hier die Figuren der Diener und Untergeordneten untersucht, wobei in einem ersten Teil deren Typologie dargestellt wird und in einem zweiten Teil der Bezug zwischen strenger sozialer Ordnung und Untergang der Habsburger Monarchie hervorgehoben wird. Die treuen Diener Jacques und Onufrij, Slama und Fräulein Hirschwitz, die beide als Untergebener und Hausdame verachtet werden, aber auch der Bezirkshauptmann von Trotta, die Verkörperung des fleißigen Beamten, oder die Franz-Joseph, dem „Allerhöchsten Kriegsherrn“, untergeordnete Armee, als Gruppe oder aus Individuen bestehend, stehen im Mittelpunkt von vorliegendem Beitrag.
Et si nous parlions des femmes ? L’image et le rôle des figures féminines dans La Marche de Radetzky : de la valse à la marche funèbre
Authors: Tunner Erika
Published: July 2024

From Waltz to Funeral March : Image and Role of Feminine Figures in Joseph Roth’s Radetzky March.

The image of a man, emperor Francis Joseph, plays a dominant role in the novel, whereas the image of the empress remains vaguely outlined and seems to symbolize the gradual decline of the Monarchy. On the contrary, the three women with whom lieutenant Carl Joseph von Trotta engages a relationship, are by no means secondary : Katharina Luise Slama (“Kathi”) and Valerie von Taussig (“Wally”) are both motherly and self-assured figures, whereas Eva Demant embodies the “femme fatale”. The three of them have realistic and allegorical traits. They all try, with no real success, to free themselves from a false moral code, that dominates a crumbling world demanding an inevitable revival.
Die Leiche im Keller. Les écrivains face au passé nazi de l'Autriche
Authors: Lajarrige Jacques
Published: July 2024

Die Leiche im Keller. Österreichs Schriftsteller und die NS-Vergangenheit.

In den heftigen Auseinandersetzungen um die NS-Vergangenheit Kurt Waldheims nimmt die 1988 von Milo Dor herausgegebene Anthologie Die Leiche im Keller einen besonderen Platz ein, insofern als sie eine breite Palette von Stellungnahmen versammelt, die über die „Waldheim-Affäre“ hinaus das Weiterbestehen eines problematischen Umgangs Österreichs mit seiner nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit kritisch beleuchten. Dieser Artikel konfrontiert in diskursanalytischer Perspektive die verharmlosende Verteidigungsstrategie des damaligen Bundespräsidenten und seine Aussage von der Pflichterfüllung mit den historisch perspektivierten Argumenten der in der Anthologie versammelten Schriftsteller, Künstler und Historiker, die ebenfalls die durch Waldheims Verleugnungen im In- und Ausland ausgelösten Reaktionen satirisch kommentieren. Besondere Beachtung findet dabei die in diesem Zusammenhang bemerkenswerte Reaktivierung von Kraus-Zitaten zu Polizeipräsident Schober und Hitler.
Un paradigme carinthien ? Le surgissement de la mémoire chez Werner Kofler, Josef Winkler et Maja Haderlap
Authors: Banoun Bernard
Published: July 2024

A Carinthian Paradigma? Forms of representation of memory in texts by Werner Kofler, Josef Winkler and Maja Haderlap.

In this paper, we examinate the place of recent history in the works written by these three authors born in Carinthia. Our method refers to the researches by Aleida and Jan Assmann regarding memory literature, communicative memory and the intersection of historiography and literary writing. The works by the three authors are then interpreted from these points of view (rather short remarks about Winkler and Kofler, more precise enquiry about Maja Haderlap's novel Angel of Oblivion). The cultural memory work performed by the authors appears to be complementary to strict historiography and the paper shows that the regional aspects in their texts has to be understood in a wider context, the context of national and – first and foremost – of European history.
ضوابط عمليات زراعة الأعضاء والأنسجة البشرية في النظام السعودي
Authors: النظيري راشد حمود
Published: July 2024

راشد حمود النظيري
الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى الوقوف على الضوابط التي أرساها النظام السعودي ولائحته في نقل الأعضاء والأنسجة البشرية من الأحياء أو الأموات ثم زرعها في الأحياء، فعُنيت الدراسة ببيان الضوابط التي نصَّ عليها النظام ويلزم توافرها في المتبرع والمتبرع له، والعضو المنقول، والمؤسسات الصحية القائمة بالعمليات الجراحية. المنهج: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي، وذلك بتحليل النصوص في النظام السعودي والوقوف على معانيها ومقاصدها؛ من أجل استنباط الأحكام والمعايير والضوابط التي أراد النظام تفعيلها والأخذ بها، ثم نقدها وتوجيهها إن كان لذلك محل. النتائج: كشفت الدراسة أن النظام السعودي لم يخرج عمَّا اعتمده الفقه الإسلامي المعاصر في تشريعاته وأحكامه القانونية الخاصة بنقل الأعضاء وزراعتها، إلا أن هناك بعض الملحوظات والتوصيات رأى الباحث ضرورة مراجعتها والوقوف عندها؛ أخذاً بالأحوط، واتساقاً مع المقاصد العامة للشريعة الإسلامية في حفظ النفوس والأعراض. الخاتمة: تخلص الدراسة إلى أن الأصل حرمة جسد الإنسان وأن نقل العضو منه لا يكون إلا في حالات الضرورة مع لزوم الأخذ بالمعايير والضوابط التي تحافظ على حفظ النفوس والأعراض.
Classification of Lung Cancer with Convolutional Neural Network Method Using ResNet Architecture
Authors: Zebua Aldrich Deril Christian , Marbun Dedy Yehezkiel , Thedora Felix , Harahap Mawaddah
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer has become one of the most frightening specters in the world of health, leading many people to death each year. Therefore, the classification of lung cancer types is very important to determine the appropriate treatment steps. Considering that lung cancer treatment in the early stages is far more effective and efficient, accurate classification is the key to improving survival rates. This research focuses on the classification of three common lung cancer types: Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. To achieve optimal results, this study utilizes the ResNet architecture, a deep neural network model that has demonstrated its capabilities in various fields. Before being used on the model, the dataset containing lung X-ray images of patients undergoes preprocessing. At this stage, each image is resized to 256x256 pixels to ensure uniformity and compatibility with the model. Furthermore, this research trains various ResNet models, ranging from ResNet50, ResNet101, to ResNet152, which is the model with the most parameters. By comparing the performance of each model, this study finds that all trained ResNet models are capable of producing good accuracy in classifying lung cancer types. Among these models, ResNet152 demonstrates the most superior performance with an accuracy of 89%. This result suggests that the ResNet architecture has great potential to be used as an aid in classifying lung cancer types with a high level of accuracy. This research makes a significant contribution to the effort to improve the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, paving the way for a brighter future for lung cancer patients.
Research Coproduction: An Underused Pathway to Impact
Authors: Rycroft-Malone Jo , D. Graham Ian , Kothari Anita , McCutcheon Chris
Published: July 2024

Knowledge translation and implementation science have made many advances in the last two decades. However, research is still not making expedient differences to practice, policy, and service delivery. It is time to evolve our approach to knowledge production and implementation. In this editorial we advance research coproduction as a neglected pathway to impact. Our starting point is that research impact is a function of how research is done and who is involved, arguing that researchers and non-researchers have an equal voice and role to play. We outline principles of coproduction including sharing power, valuing different sources of knowledge and viewpoints, equality, open communication, inclusivity, and mutuality. We consider implications at micro, meso, and macro system levels. In calling for this shift in the way knowledge is produced and applied, we anticipate it leading to inclusive research that more rapidly translates to better, more equitable health and care for all.