bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF PROTECTIVE TOPICAL AGENTS IN THERAPY OF CHRONIC DERMATOSES
Authors: KHLEBNIKOVA A N
Published: July 2021

Epidermal barrier insufficiency results in skin dryness and fissures in different chronic dermatoses. Barrier dysfunction is due either to genetic problems or lipid deficiency or damage of tight junction proteins. Here we discuss various abnormalities of epidermal barrier in eczema and psoriasis which necessitate to prescribe pro- tective and moisturizing agents to restore skin barrier. We give our own practice data of using Bariederm cream and balm in combined therapy of dyshidrotic eczema, plantar eczema and palmoplantar psoriasis.
APPLICATION OF SERTACONAZOLE FOR SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES COMPLICATED BY BACTERIAL INFECTION
Authors: KHAMAGANOVA I V , KASHEVAROV D F
Published: July 2021

Sertaconazole properties are discussed in the article. According to literature data application of the derivation of benzotiafene and imidazole solves a problem of resistance towards antimycotics. Sertaconazole has a wide spectrum of activity towards fungi & bacteria and also has antiinflammatory effect. The present examination of therapeutic efficacy included 33 patients who suffered from superficial mycoses complicated by bacterial infection. Levocetirizine was prescribed in case of dermatomikides. Both monotherapy by sertaconazole and combination with levocetirizine were high effective and well tolerable.
Combination of children’s pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Belov V A
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis data based on the study of the overall medical examination of children in 2002 and the further monitoring of children in Russia in 2005-2009 (population study) are presented. The main principles of therapy are specified. Special attention has been paid to the use of Vibrocil combination drug among children, which contains antihistamine component Dimethindene, and decongestant Phenylephrine.
ANTIHISTAMINES IN ACUTE CASES OF ALLERGIC DISEASES
Authors: Latysheva T V
Published: July 2021

Histamine is the main mediator of both true allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. Acting with histamine receptors it causes the appearance of the main symptoms of allergic diseases in various organs and tissues, so the search for effective and safe antihistamines continues for a long period of time. currently, there are antihistamines of 1 and 2 generation, which differs primarily by the ability of passing through the hemato-encephalitic barrier. despite the fact that for the majority of allergic diseases, the drugs of choice are nonsedating antihistamines 2 nd generation, which have no sedative effect, in some cases, antihistamines of the 1 st generation are not only preferable, but also indispensable. the article provides the analysis of the clinical situations in which antihistamines of the 1st generation are the tools of choice on the example of clemastine (tavegil).
Tacrolimus 0,03% administration in atopic dermatitis children
Authors: Pampura A N , Fedenko E S
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to natural course of atopic dermatitis in children and new trends in topical treatment with tacrolimus 0,03%.
Skin barrier: structure and immune changes in common skin diseases
Authors: Ionescu Marius-Anton Anton
Published: July 2021

Skin barrier must be seen as a complex structure with complex functions involving hydrolipidic film, stratum corneum, the intercellular cement and also immunologic barrier as innate adaptive immune system (as Toll Like Receptors - TLR), complement, dendritic cells and antigen-related responses. Skin barrier changes are seen in different skin diseases as atopic dermatitis, rosacea , contact dermatitis and others. In the first part of this article we describe skin physical barrier and its key elements roles (ceramides, filaggrin, tight junctions and claudins), the clinical consequences of barrier damages in different common skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, xeroses of different origins). Immune skin barrier is complex and in this first part of the article we focus only on innate immune system skin represented by Toll Like Receptors and their role in the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMP). In the second part we present ex vivo and in vivo studies on skin physical barrier repair and improvement of AMP expression in human skin by modulating TLR2. The management of human skin barrier damages and their repair by active topicals must by a holistic approach, taking in account the complexity of physical and of immune barriers of the skin.
LOW-FREQUENCY ULTRASOUND THERAPY WITH LEVOCETIRIZINE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE INFECTIOUS RHINITIS
Authors: Sokolova O G , Pogodin I S , Odarchenko I N , Yurgel Y N
Published: July 2021

This article represents the results of research of low-frequency ultrasound with levocetirizine in patients with acute infectious rhinitis (AIR). Low-frequency ultrasound therapy with levocetirizin effectively reduces rhinitis symptoms (nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhea) duration, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity and reduces of topical decongestants requirement in AIR patients. Effectiveness of this therapy was estimated by objective and subjective methods.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION WITH 13-VALENT CONJUGATE AND 23-VALENT POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE IN PATIENTS WITH COPD
Authors: PROTASOV A D
Published: July 2021

Comparative data on the clinical efficacy of vaccination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) against pneumococcal infection using 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) or 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) is cited. Background. To evaluate a clinical efficacy (the number of exacerbations, courses of antimicrobial chemother- apy, hospitalizations) of PCV-13 and PPV-23 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. The study involved 55 patients with COPD. Patients who met inclusion/exclusion criteria were divided in 2 groups: I group of patients received one dose of the vaccine «Prevenar-13» intramuscularly in the left shoul- der (n=32), II group received one dose of the vaccine «Pneumo-23» intramuscularly in the left shoulder (n=23). We estimated the number of exacerbations per year prior to vaccination and during the year after vaccination, the number of courses of antibiotic therapy for a year prior to vaccination and for a year after immunization, the number of hospitalizations for COPD exacerbation during the year prior to vaccination and during the year after immunization. Results. Vaccination of patients with COPD with PCV-13 or PPV-23 was characterized by the same high clinical efficacy, without the expressed benefits in favor of any drug. Conclusion. Vaccination of patients with COPD against pneumococcal infection with PCV-13 or PPV-23 is char- acterized by a high clinical efficacy. High cost of the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine vs a polysac- charide vaccine additionally requires a proof of it’s benefit use in patients with COPD. Until such evidences and their wide representation in the scientific literature should be done vaccination of COPD patients with 13-valent conjugate vaccine is still discussable.
LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNE PARAMETERS IN SEVERE ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Niyazov D D , Fedenko E S , Boldyreva M N , Trofimov D Yu
Published: July 2021

Background.. To investigate expression of cytokines genes parameters in skin and blood in severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients comparing with healthy donors. Materials and methods. 20 severe AD patients, 20 CTCL patients and 20 healthy donors were included in the study. Skin samples and peripheral blood were used as material for immunological study. Interleukins — (IL)1B, IL2, IL2r, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, IL15 (total), IL15 , IL17A, IL18, IL23, IL28, IL29, Interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene expression was defined in the skin and peripheral blood of severe AD patients, CTCL patients and healthy donors by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. Statistically significant increase of cytokines genes IL4,IL12B,IL17A, TNFα in peripheral blood of severe AD patients compared with CTCL patients was marked. Studying of skin samples from CTCL patients has shown statistically significant increase of cytokines IL8, IL10, IL15, IFNγ genes expression and decrease of IL18 gene expression in comparison with skin samples from severe AD patients. Conclusion. Obtained cytokines genes expression cytokines genes parameters in peripheral blood of severe AD and CTCL patients had a certain similarities consisting of increased IL8, IFNγ and decreased IL6, IL23 genes expression in comparison with healthy donors. Substantial differences in peripheral blood of patients in comparison with healthy donors: increased IL-5, IL-12B genes expression in AD patients and decreased IL-8, IL-12A genes expression in CTCL patients, at the same time increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ genes in severe AD and CTCL patients were shown.
Skin microflora in atopic dermatitis patients and treatment of it's complications
Authors: Voronina V R , Pampura A N , Fedenko E S , Voronina V R , N PampuraA , Fedenko E S
Published: July 2021

The digest is dedicated to the influence of skin microflora and secondary skin infections on atopic dermatitis clinical course. It covers the influence of St. aureus on allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis. The digest shows the data of pyoderma clinical features and therapy solutions in patients with this disorder.
EPITHELIAL CELLS EXPRESSING TLR-2 LEVEL AND NOSE MUCOSA BIOCENOSIS IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Tyurin Yu A , Sharifullina A A , Mustafin I G , Fassakhov R S
Published: July 2021

Background. Determination of local epithelial cells expressing TLR2 as an indicator of local immunity in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients with opportunistic species of staphylococci nasal mucosa colonization. Methods. Washed epithelium samples obtained from patients with seasonal AR (n=8) aged 19—42 years, and perennial AR (n=15) aged 19 —45 years, as well as a control group (20 patients) aged 19—45 years without allergic diseases were investigated. Epithelial cells expressing TLR2 receptors were determined by flow cytometry. Results. The level of epithelial cells expressing TLR2 receptor in patients with seasonal AR was almost in 1,9 times, in perennial AR group — in 1,7 times lower then in healthy individuals. In patients with perennial AR S. aureus was obtained in 96,0% (CI: 79,5—99,2), in association with Str. pyogenes in 29% (CI: 14,9—49,2), Neisseria spp. — in 63,0% (CI: 42,7—78,8). Seasonal allergic rhinitis was characterized by association of S. aureus and S. hemolyticus (70,0%, 44,4—85,8). Conclusion. Ratio of epithelial cells positive for TLR2 in nasal lavage from patients with AR was lower than in healthy volunteers. Indicators proportion of epithelial cells expressing TLR2 in nasal lavage in patients with seasonal AR during an exacerbation period was significantly reduced (1,7—1,9 times), in comparison with healthy volunteers. In AR patients with increased density of staphylococci strains in nasal mucosa increased local epithelial cells expressing TLR2 in nasal lavage was established.
ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX THERAPY OF INFANT ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Denisova S N , Sentsova T B , Belitskaya M Y
Published: July 2021

The work is aimed at assessment of clinicalimmunological effectiveness of diet therapy based on hypoallergenic formula used for infants with atopic dermatitis. 167 infants with atopic dermatitis associated with cow’s milk protein allergy have been put included under outpatient observation. 52 infants of from the first group were being fed on whole goat milk’s formula, 56 infants of from the the second group — cows’ milk protein hydrolysate and 59 infants of the from the third groupsoy’s isolate formula. The age of infants was 2, 5—9 months. The duration of observation was 3—12 months. Complex therapy has been conducted over the infants and it contained antiallergenic treatment and diet therapy with hypoallergenic baby formula. The majority of patients showed improvement due to applied treatment. The first group’s infants with positive clinical dynamic showed decrease of specific IgG and IgE to cow’s milk protein, casein, β-LH and soy’s protein. The infants of the second and third groups also showed decrease of specific IgG and IgE to cow’s milk protein, casein, β-LH, soy’s protein and goat’s milk at clinical remission. All the infants with positive clinical effect showed trend to decrease of IL12, IL13, sICAM1 and sEselectin’s concentration in the blood stream, that can indicate on leukocyte adherence inhibition and cell migration to the area of inflammation. Based on the results of research, we can conclude that replacement of one product with another one by taking into account their clinicalimmunological effectiveness as the method of treatment the of atopic dermatitis patients let us optimize infant diet therapy.
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES - NOT A RARE DISEASE, BUT A DIFFICULT DIAGNOSIS. COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY (ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL CASES)
Authors: Latysheva E A
Published: July 2021

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) occur more often than we used to think. Due to the low awareness of physicians about this disease, from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis patients are difficult path, often measured in years. In PID adults the most common is humoral immunity disorder. Given the wide range of clinical phenotypes of the disease, immunologist may be far from the GP during diagnosis. The article presents a case of a patient with common variable immune deficiency, that was masked under the brain tumor.
EXPERIENCE WITH THE CARBAMYLATED MONOMERIC ALLERGOID LAIS ® FOR SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH GRASS POLLEN-INDUCED ALLERGIC RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: Danilycheva I V , Ilina N I , Shulzhenko A E
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a prospective noncomparative study of use of carbamylated monomeric allergoid Lais ® for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by pollen grasses. We suggest that SLIT with Lais ® sublingual tablets is an effective and welltolerated form of treatment.
Immunological and allergological aspects of macrolides application in clinic
Authors: Balmasova I P , Eremina O F , Gul'tyaev M M , Popova O V , Balmasova I P , Eremina O F , Gultyaev M M , Popova O V
Published: July 2021

The review analyzes clinical significance of immunotropic properties of macrolides. Macrolides have effect of phagocytic activity and cell motility, inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines, increase antimicrobial function of mucosa epithelium. They significantly decrease the intensity of inflammatory reactions in local and systemic infectious processes, especially in respiratory tract pathology including that of allergic genesis. Efficacy of macrolides in bronchial asthma is extended by suppressing eosinophil functioning, antispastic effect of these preparations over smooth muscles and decreasing of mucus formation in bronchi.
NEW ASPECTS OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC URTICARIA
Authors: Borzova E Yu
Published: July 2021

Chronic urticaria (CU) is characterized by a marked impact on quality of life, a considerable prevalence and an economic burden of direct and indirect healthcare costs. Despite advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patients with CU mainly receive empiric treatment and there is no monitoring of the underlying inflammation in CU. The main aspects in the research into the pathophysiology of CU include genetic mechanisms, the role of functional autoantibodies, the characteristics of target cells and effector cells in the inflammation in CU, the regulation of the inflammation and the role of various mediators, acute phase proteins and hormones in the pathophysiology of CU. Research into the pathophysiological pathways of CU may lead to the definition of pathophysiological phenotypes of CU, the development of biomarkers of the underlying inflammation in CU and pathogenesis-based therapy for certain groups of CU patients.
Chronic idiopathic urticaria. The diagnostic problem
Authors: Golubchikova R N , Danilycheva I V
Published: July 2021

The causes of chronic urticaria are not revealed in 80—95% of cases. The most important part of the investigation is an anamnesis morbi. Specific laboratory tests should be selected on the basis of diagnostic hypothesis. Tests may include: full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, routine biochemistry, glucose, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, antinuclear antibodies, immunoglobulins, protein electrophoresis, complement C3 and C4 components, cryoglobulins, allergen-specific IgE, serology for infections, stool samples for parasites and urine analysis. Al least 30% of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria appear to have an autoimmune aetiology. Although a positive serum skin test has a reasonable specificity to establish the autoimmune nature of urticaria, a negative result has high negative predictive value.
TREATMENT OF URTICARIA OFF-LABEL
Authors: Danilycheva I V , Pecherey I O
Published: July 2021

The application of the drug, as indicated in the dosage form, dosage regimen, in population or other application parameters that are not mentioned in the approved instructions, called the use of off-label treatment. The prevalence of this phenomenon is as high as 90% in some areas. The vast majority of drugs used for the treatment of chronic urticaria, have no indication for its treatment. To reduce the risk of drug administration off-lable it is necessary to evaluate the clinical situation, the quality of evidence for the efficacy and safety of the drug. There are three categories of situations to make a decision to use off-lable treatment: to use justifiable proof of the quality, to use in the context of scientific research, to use in exceptional cases justified by special clinical situations. Legal support can help the doctor to decide responsibly to treat a patient offlabel.
ALLERGIC SKIN DISEASES AND SPORT
Authors: Shartanova N V , Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Ilina N I
Published: July 2021

According to various authors up to 25% of athletes suffer from allergies. In this review, we are talking about allergodermatoses. Various immunological mechanisms are underlying of skin reactions in elite athletes. Interesting facts about anaphylaxis, associated with physical activity and consumption of some food as well as about contact and atopic dermatitis are presented.
Assessment of prevalence of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Samara region
Authors: Blachentsev K V , Manzhos M V , Fedenko E S , Kaganova T I
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) among different groups of population of Samara region during 2001—2010. Methods. Material for analysis was taken from the statistic forms of municipality hospitals of Samara and the Samara region (form No. 12) during 2001—2010 in comparison with the corresponding indicators of Volga federal region (PFO) and the Russian Federation. Results. Prevalence of BAin all groups of patients in the Samara region in 2009 was revealed. These indicators were more than such indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 25%, in teenagers on 38%, in adult on 50%. Prevalence of AR among children and teenagers exceeded indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 44%, teenagers — on 68%. The incidence of asthma in adults is 2,5 times higher than the incidence of AR (95,8—30,5 per 100 thousand). Conclusion. High prevalence of AR and asthma in the Samara region with a tendency to increase, the discrepancy indices studied data from epidemiological studies that require further implementation of international recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AR among general practitioners.
Prevalence of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis in children in Lesnoy area of Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Volkova N A , Beltyukov E K
Published: July 2021

A research of prevalence of allergic diseases in children from 0 to 6 years has been carried out using a standardized program «International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood» (ISAAC) in town Lesnoy in 2010. Background. To define the prevalence and structure of atopic diseases in different age groups in children of preschool age in town Lesnoy. Methods. Standardized program «International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood» (ISAAC). Results. Formation of atopic march is defined, in early age — atopic dermatitis and later respiratory form of allergy. Conclusion. Treatment of atopic dermatitis as risk factor of further development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma can promote preventive maintenance of respiratory forms of allergy in children of younger age.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF TEST WITH AUTOLOGOUS SERUM IN PATIENTS WITH EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC URTICARIA
Authors: Golubchikova R N , Danilycheva I V
Published: July 2021

Background. A comparative study of the severity of CIU, effectiveness of antihistamines and determination the frequency of patients with and without thyroid antibodies among patients with CIU in groups with different skin sensitivity to autologous serum. Methods. The retrospective study of the anamnestic clinical laboratory findings in patients with chronic idiopathic. Results. 46% of patients had a positive skin test with autologous serum. A positive skin test with autologous serum was dominated in patients with severe disease, the lack of efficacy of antihistamines, and patients with anti-thyroid antibodies.
Clinical and laboratory phenotypes of severe combined immunodeficiencies with mutations in RAG1/RAG2 genes
Authors: Kondratenko I V , Pashchenko O E , Rodina Y A , Belevtcev M V , Van Den M , Bologov A A
Published: July 2021

Background. The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins are key players in the V(D)J recombination process leading to the assembly of antigen receptor genes. Defects in RAG1/RAG2 genes are caused to different phenotypes of severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID). Objective — to determine the clinical and laboratory manifestations in patients with RAG1 / RAG2 mutations from one single center, to identify the phenotype-genotype correlations. Materials and methods. We described 4 children with RAG1 mutations. Diagnosis of SCID was confirmed by criteria’s of European society of immunodeficiencies (ESID). Results. In two patients we observed Omenn syndrome, in 1 — classic T -B -NK + SCID, in 1 — «sof» T +B -NK + SCID. One patient with Omenn syndrome and patient with «soft» SCID had same RAG1 mutations. Conclusions. RAG 1 / RAG2 mutations are caused to severe life-threatening combined immunodeficiency, requiring radical therapy. We found no genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with RAG1 defects.
BIOMARKERS ALLERGIC INFLAMATION AND SEVERITY OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS AT CHILDREN
Authors: Varlamov E E , Vinogradova T V , Chuslyaeva A A , Okuneva T S , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Background.To establish the relationship between the serum concentrations of IL4, IL5, eotaxin, eotaxin2, ECP and the severity of atopic dermatitis in children. Methods. The study included 40 children with atopic dermatitis, patients were divided into two clusters with KMeans method, index SCORAD was taken as a criterion of clustering. All patients were conducted to determine the concentration of IL4, IL5, eotaxin, eotaxin2, ECP. Results. The SCORAD index was significantly higher in the second cluster in comparison to the first one. In second cluster the level of eotaxin2 was significantly higher, in terms of the ECP, IL4, IL5,eotaxin patient groups did not differ. The second cluster was characterized by patients with a concentration of IL5 of 1,5 p/ml. Conclusion. In assessing the severity of allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis concentration of eotaxin2 was most informative.
INFLUENCE OF THE FUNGAL MICROFLORA ON THE COURSE OF PERENNIAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Malanicheva T G , Akhmadieva L F , Denisova S N
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose of our research was to study the influence of fungal microflora for perennial rhinitis in children to improve the treatment of this disease. Methods. 79 children aged from 7 to 18 years with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) with fungal colonization of the nasal mucosa were examined. Patients underwent clinical, allergy, culturing mycological examination of the mucous membranes of the nose, as well as determination of circulating Candida antigen in serum by ampero-metric enzyme immunoassay sensor. Results. Fungi Candida were dominated — in 75,9% of cases in the structure of mycotic colonization, while mold fungi Aspergillus were observed rarely (24,1%). Colonization of the nasal mucosa with fungi Candida in children with PAR makes disease severe and symptoms become more painful that manifest severe nasal congestion, abundant mucus. PAR patients with nasal colonization of the fungi genus Candida in 58,3% of cases in the circulating blood serum had Candida antigen, that indicating the development of invasive Candida infections. That's why therapy of this disease must be improved. Inclusion of antimicrobial agents to the treatment with further traditional therapy of PAR leads to an overall therapeutic effect in 77,1% of cases. Conclusion. In patients with PAR fungal microflora aggravates the disease and the treatment needs to be improved with the inclusion of antibiotics, which lead to high clinical improvement.
TOPICAL TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN: DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH
Authors: Smirnova G I
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to mechanisms of atopic dermatitis, modern topical treatment and usefulness of topical emollients in children
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF NASAL SPRAY PREVALIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Tsyvkina A A , Luss L V , Tsarev S V , Shartanova N V
Published: July 2021

Background. To study of efficacy, tolerability and safety of nasal spray Prevalin in the treatment of allergic rhinitis patients. Methods. 30 patients with allergic rhinitis in the age of18 till 45 years were observed. Prevalin was given as one insufflation into each nasal cavity 3 times a day for 21 days. Results of treatment were assessed by the dynamics of clinical symptoms and the results of functional methods . Results. The positive clinical effect was observed in 22 patients (73,3%), using Prevalin. Clinical effect was characterized by the restoration of nasal breathing, reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa. We did not establish a good result of treatment in 8 patients. Conclusion. The study demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety of spray Prevalin.
ATOPIC DERMATITIS: DIAGNOSTICS FEATURES
Authors: Macharadze D Sh
Published: July 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) — a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. It is diagnosed mainly clinically. Sensitization to inhalled and food allergens may play a role in the development of AD. Thus, it is important to determine the presence of sensitization for environmental control and allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.
APPLICATION OF DECONGESTANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Sobolev A V , Fedoskova T G
Published: July 2021

Efficiency of application of a preparation xylometazoline is shown in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Expediency of xylometazoline inclusion in symptomatic therapy of patients having clinical manifestations of AR is noted.
Allergic conjunctivitis in children: from pathogenesis to therapy
Authors: Leppenen N E , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

In the article data about classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of different forms of allergic conjunctivitis in children are presented.
Mometasone furoate dry powder inhaler for the treatment of asthma
Authors: Emelyanov A V , Goryachkina L A
Published: July 2021

The review is focused on inhaled mometasone furoate (Asmanex Twisthaler), a new medication for the treatment of asthma in adults and childred (12 years and older). Mometasone furoate (MF) has high antiinflammatory activity and low systemic bioavalability. MF has an excellent safety and efficacy profile in approved doses 200—800 mcg/daily od (in the evening) or bid (in the morning and in the evening). For patients with persistent asthma required treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid, MF is an excellent therapeutic choice.
Experience of lordestin (desloratadine) use in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ilyina N I , Pavlova K S
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the Lordestin's (desloratadine) efficacy and safety in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The results showed that Lordestin is highly effective in reducing of the severity of nasal and ocular symptoms in patients with hay fever, has a good safety profile and may be recommended as a monotherapy or as a component of combination therapy in patients with allergic rhinitis.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN FOODALLERGENS
Authors: Fedotova M M , Ogorodova L M , Fedorova Ol'ga Sergeevna , Evdokimova T A , Fedotova M M , Ogorodova L M , Fyodorova O S , Evdokimova T A
Published: July 2021

The review presents data on the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of the most common
allergenic components of animal origin foods: eggs, fish, cows milk. The results of modern studies of the molecular
structural features of allergens, their IgE-binding capacity and cross-reactivity are expounded. The aspects of
the natural history of food allergies to these foods are presented.
Atopic dermatitis: experimentalmodels for study of pathogenesis and development of new methods of treatment
Authors: Shershakova N N , Babakhin A A , Elisyutina O G , Khaitov M R , Shershakova N N , Babakhin A A , Elisyutina O G , Khaitov M R
Published: July 2021

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by allergic skin inflammation. A hallmark of AD is dry itchy skin due, at
least in part, to defects in skin genes that are important for maintaining barrier function. The pathogenesis of AD
remains incompletely understood. A number of mouse models of AD have been developed. This review discusses
these models and emphasizes the role of mechanical skin injury and skin barrier dysfunction in eliciting allergic
skin inflammation. Also, we describe various approaches to the treatment of atopic dermatitis, the latest of which
is the introduction of siRN A. Development of drugs based on siRN A using functional peptides is a promising
area of research in allergology.
REMOTE RESULTS OF SUBLINGUAL ALLERGENSPECIFICIMMUNOTHERAPY AT POLLINOSIS PATIENTS - FIVE YEARS'RESEARCH
Authors: Manzhos Marina Valentinovna , Fedenko E S , Myagkova M A , Keropyan G A , Shkadov S A , Peretrukhin A I , Manzhos M V , Fedenko E S , Myagkova M A , Keropyan G A , Shkadov S A , Peretruhin A I
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose of the work was to investigate remote and preventive results of sublingual allergenspecific
immunotherapy (SLiT) at pollinosis patients.
Methods. 25 patients at the age from 19 till 50 years old with an allergic rhinitis and asthma (35%) sensitized to
artemisia were under the supervision. SLiT was administered in the period since September 2003 till May 2006
with pollen allergen («Sevapharma», Czech Republik). The average total dose of the allergen per one patient
at the end of the third year was 189999 PNU. Clinical efficiency was estimated annually and in 30 months after
discontinuation of SLiT. Frequency and intensity of symptoms during the pollen season, requirement for medicines,
FEV1 parameters and results of prick tests were considered.
Results. good and excellent results after three courses of immunotherapy demonstrated 23 patients (92%), satisfactory
- 2 patients (8%). The results were remained at 22 patients (88%) within the next 30 months. at 3 patients
(12%) increase of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was noted, and 3 (12%) showed expansion of a sensibilisation
spectrum. Further increase of intensity and frequency of asthma symptoms, decrease in indicators FEV1 was not
registered.
Conclusion. SLiT is a highly effective method of treatment for patients with seasonal rhinitis and leads to the
clinical results remaining more than 2 years at the majority of patients.
DIET THERAPY AS PROFILAXIS AND TREATMENT OF FOOD ALLERGY IN INFANTS
Authors: Revyakina Vera Afanas'evna , Lavrova T E , Revjakina V A , Lavrova T Ye
Published: July 2021

This review is devoted to profilaxis of food allergy in infants. Brest feeding and or partially hydrolized milk formula considered to be mandatory used in infants with high risk of allergy.
CASE OF A DRESS SYNDROME WITH EOSINOPHILIC PNEUMONIA
Authors: Vorzheva I I , Chernyak B A , Vorzheva I I , Chernyak B A
Published: July 2021

The case of the DRESS syndrome developed at the 64 years old patient after carbamazepine intake is reported.
Clinical manifestation of a DRESS syndrome was characterized by a fever, leucocytosis, high eosinophilia of
peripheral blood and sputum, multivisceral involving: skin (maculopapular exanthema), liver (hepatitis), lungs
(eosinophilic pneumonia), lymphadenopathy. Treatment with prednisolone for two months (a starting doze of
60 mg /day) caused full recovery of the patient.
FOOD ALLERGY AND FOOD INTOLERANCE. REFERENCE TABLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Luss L V , Luss L V
Published: July 2021

data and tables after classification, a spectrum of food allergens, food additives and their role in development
of a food allergy and food intolerance are presented. recommendations for the practical doctor on features of
a diet are presented
Case report on clinical efficacy of Laennecin atopic dermatitis patient suffering from secondary infertility
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Kustova E V , Gilel's A V , Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Kustova E V , Gilels A V
Published: July 2021

In this article the case of AD patient with secondary infertility is presented. The therapy of this patient included
the course of modern hepatoprotector and immunomodulator «Laennek» («Japan Bioproducts Industry Co has
been spent., Ltd», Japan), which is a human placenta hydrolysate. The treatment has allowed not only to reach AD
remission, but also has influenced a current of secondary infertility and has led to long¬expected pregnancy.
IMMTJNOTROPIC THERAPY OF SEVERE ACNE IN MALE PATIENTS
Authors: Pavlenko T Ya , Sizyakina L P , Sidorenko O A , Pavlenko T J , Siziakina L P , Sidorenko O A
Published: July 2021

Background.The aim of the study was to estimate the efficacy of systemic and topic immunotropic therapy in complex treatment of acne disease.
Methods. 48 male patients with moderate to severe acne at the age from 16 to 34 years old were investigated. The patients of the control group were treated with standard methods and the patients of the experimental group were treated with complex of immunotropic medicines. All of them were examined with immunological methods, Cook scale and Vancouer scarring index.
Results. High efficacy and fast positive dynamics were shown in patients who received complex therapy, consisting of standard drugs, systemic and topic immunotropic medicines.
Conclusion. The results of this study show the efficiency of immunotropic treatment in complex therapy of moderate and severe acne disease.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of nebulizedbeclometasone dipropionate and budesonide in severe persistent childhood asthma
Authors: Delacourt C , Dutau G , Lefrançois G , Clerson P
Published: July 2021

In this article, results of multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial of efficacy and safety of nebulized beclomethasone
dipropionate suspension in comparison with nebulized budesonide suspension are shown. Both
drugs demonstrated similar efficacy and safety in therapy of severe childhood asthma.
Detection of IgE-antibodies to recombinant birch allergens rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 in patients withsensitization to birch pollen
Authors: Mokronosova M A , Sergeev A V , Korovkina E S , Konyukova N G , Mokronosova M A , Sergeev A V , Korovkina E S , Konjucova N G
Published: July 2021

Background. Allergic diagnosis is based on accurate clinical history and conducting of skin prick tests (sPt)
and specific IgE determination. the past decade recombinant allergen components from pollen of birch are
available for allergen-specific IgE antibody testing. the major allergen of birch tree pollen is Bet v 1; Bet v 2 is a
well described minor allergen.
Methods. 83 patients with birch pollinosis (55 male/28 female, age 4-35 years, mean 15,5) were observed. specific
IgE levels were determined by using the ImmunoCap (Phadia, sweden); skin prick tests with standard aeroallergens
panel was used.
Results. All 83 patients had positive skin tests to birch pollen. the levels of specific IgE to rBet v1 had 87,9% of
patients, sIgE to rBet v 2 (profilin) 14,5% of patients, sIgE to rBet v 1 and rBet v 2 13,3% of patients.
Conclusion. the prevalence of the patients with presence of IgE - antibodies to profiling Bet v2 among citizens
of moscow region, sensitized to birch, accounts 14,5%.
Features of clinical manifestations of allergic diseases in children sensitized to potatoes
Authors: Konyukova N G , Pampura A N , Fedenko E S , Khavkin A I , Okuneva T S , Konjukova N G , Pampura A N , Fedenko E S , Havkin A I , Okuneva T S
Published: July 2021

Background. To establish the clinical and immunological features of the manifestations of allergic diseases in
children with IgE-mediated sensitization to potato.
Methods. allergy tests (skin prick tests and / or the determination of specific IgE in serum by ImmunoCap, Phadia
was performed in 171 children with allergic diseases, who had sensitization to food plant proteins.
Results. sensitization to the potato found in 134 children. significant discrepancies (36%) in the results of in vitro
and in vivo tests to the potatoes were shown. sensitization to the potatoes is more common in patients with atopic
dermatitis (ad), especially in severe disease. among children with the level of specific IgE antibodies to potato
≥2 kUa / l there were more common patients with severe ad. the correlation between the level of specific IgE
antibodies to the potatoes and some of food plant proteins was found. the relationship between the concentration
of specific IgE to the potatoes and Bet v 2 was not detected.
Conclusion. the presence and concentration of specific IgE to the potatoes to a certain extent associated with
clinical manifestations of ad. the data obtained substantiate the determination of specific IgE antibodies to
potato in children with ad, especially in severe cases.
Antimicrobial peptides is antimicrobial protection factors in atopic dermatitis and pyodermiapatients
Authors: Tsyvkina E A , Fedenko E S , Pinegin B V
Published: July 2021

It is well known that atopic dermatitis patientsґ skin is highly contaminated with S. aureus. On the one hand
S. aureus can cause pyodermia, and on the other hand it is a classical allergen and can initiate IgE production.
Also patientsґ skin is contaminated with some other bacteria, fungi and viruses. This predisposition to a skin
infection arises, at least, partly, because of a defect in protection against the microbes, named innate immunity.
One component of innate immune system are antimicrobial peptides: defensins and cathelicidin LL- 37. Human
defensins are peptides with cysteine structure, they are found out in circularly neutrophiles. Defensins are effective
against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, fungi and some
viruses. Except their direct antimicrobial function, defensins have multiple roles as mediators of inflammation,
have chemotactic, immunomodulating and cytotoxic activity and others as well. It is proved that the b-defensins
and cathelicidin LL- 37 level is decreased in atopic dermatitis patients and can predispose to microorganisms
colonization on a skin of this patients. The level of antimicrobial peptides is increased in infected skin.
POLLEN ALLERGY IN SARATOV REGION
Authors: Astaf'eva N G , Udovichenko E N , Gamova I V , Perfilova I A , Kobzev D Yu , Astafieva N G , Udovichenko E K , Gamova I V , Perfilova I A , Kobzev D Y
Published: July 2021

Background. To assess time trends in prevalence of pollen-related allergy in Saratov region during the last 3
decades .
Materials and Methods. Agro-climatic, aerobiological monitoring (pollens of trees, grass, weeds were collected
using gravimetric method and counts were done using a standardized protocol). Concentration of salts of heavy
metals determined by means of mass - spectrometry in the pollen grains from plants, growing in city and village
(«dirty» and «clean» areas). Epidemiological (screening with questionnaire), clinical examination, skin tests were
used to define the clinical diagnosis.
Results. The pollen map of Saratov region has been changed because of climate, melioration and expansion of the Cyclachena xanthyfolia and other weeds. Detection of Pb, Zn,Cu,Ni in pollen grains collected from these plants in «dirty» areas showed that they accumulate heavy metals. The prevalence of pollinosis in 1977 in Saratov region
was 1,4% , in 2002 -12,1%, in 2007-2,3%. Among all patients with pollen allergy 4,51% (1977), 5,2% (2002) and 16,0 % (2007) had positive skin tests with trees pollen allergens, 16,0, 36,7 and 29% -with grass pollen allergens
and 78,5, 88,9 and 86,4 % -with weeds pollen allergens.
Conclusion. Our results established increasing of pollinosis in Saratov region between 1977 and 2002, and there
was a tendency towards stagnation in current symptoms of pollen-related allergy. High frequency of weeds allergens
sensitization could be explained by allergenicity and prolonged blossoming period of new plants in this
region.
Historical prerequisites of development of the allergenspecificimmunotherapy method (to centenary of discovery)
Authors: Vorobyeva O V , Gushchin I S
Published: July 2021

In connection with the approaching date of the centenary of the discovery by British researchers L. Noon and J. Freeman method of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a survey, which conducted a historical analysis of the significance of this event for the development of allergology. Studied a large number of literary sources, on the basis of which presents data on the background of the method ASIT, its essence, the authors. Compiled by a table which illustrates the basic milestones ASIT from pre-scientific stage before the modern state.
ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN EXHALED AIR IN BRONCHIALASTHMA
Authors: Nenasheva N M , Nenasheva N M
Published: July 2021

In this review the main physiological effects of nitric oxide in the human body have been considered, as well as its pathophysiologic role in bronchial asthma. Methods for determination of nitric oxide in exhaled air have
been described. The importance of determining the level of nitric oxide in patients with bronchial asthma has been analyzed.
The level of immunoglobulin E in patients with pyoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Druzhinina T A , Alekseeva N U , Molotilov B A , Ivachov A S , Peskov A V
Published: July 2021

Object. Cause-and-effect relations^ assessment of immunoglobulin E leveTs increase in patients with
pyoinplammatory diseases.
Materials and methods. 80 patients with acute appendicitis, 51 patients with chronic recurrent furunculosis, 27
patients with chronic osteomyelitis aged 16 to 60 years old have been examined. The patients with the increased
IgE level underwent clinical and allergologycal assessment. Patients with chronic pyoinplammatory diseases
had been skin tested with the Staphylococcus aureus allergens.
Results. Total IgE level was increased in all nosologic groups of patients. In patients with the increased IgE level
atopy or antihelminths antibodies have been established. In patients with chronic pyoinflammatory total IgE
level was not changed but negative correlative connections between the level of immunoglobulin and the late
phase of immediate hypersensitivity reaction have been shown. Increased level of serum immunoglobulin E in
patients with acute appendicitis confirmed more serious involvement of appendix and surrounding tissues and
the higher indexes of white blood cells count before the operation.
Conclusion. Increased IgE level in patients with pyoinflammatory diseases reflects Th2 type of immune response
mostly due to the condition of atopy or parasites. The higher rate of development of destructive and complicated
forms of appendicitis is typical for the patients with acute appendicitis and the increased IgE level.
Medicated treatment for postnasal drip syndrome in allergic and non-allergic (vasomotor)rhinitis
Authors: Averbukh V M , Lopatin A S
Published: July 2021

Background. To study the efficiency of irrigation and topical corticosteroids in the treatment of patients with PNDS in allergic and non-allergic (vasomotor) rhinitis.
Methods. Two groups, twelve patients each, at the age of 16 till 65, with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis participated in the investigation. All patients have firstly undergone the irrigation therapy with isotonic marine solution, after that the course of intranasal corticosteroid therapy (ICST) with fluticason propionate was provided during 14 days.
Results. The levels of subjective sensations and objective symptoms were the same during and after the irrigation therapy in both groups (p>0,05). The reduction of subjective and objective symptoms was registered in both groups during ICST on the 14th day of treatment (p
IMMUNE THERAPY INFLUENCE ON a-DEFENSIN LEVEL IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD NEUTROPHILES IN PYODERMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Tsyvkina E A , Fedenko E S , Budikhina A S , Pinegin B V
Published: July 2021

Background. The purpose was to investigate a-defensin levels in neutrophiles of pyodermia patients in comparison
with healthy donors, to estimate clinical efficiency of glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (Licopid) and its influence on a-defensin levels.
Materials and method. 31 patients with pyodermia and 17 healthy donors were investigated. Intracellular a-defensin
levels in neutrophiles in the peripheral blood were estimated by flow cytometry with mouse anti-NPantibodies (Hy
cult biotechnology). All patients with pyodermia were treated with Licopid 10 mg once a day within 10 days. Clinical
and laboratory results were measured after 7-0 days course of treatment and one month after treatment.
Results. The a-defensin level in patients with pyodermia was reduced in comparison with healthy donors. Immune
therapy with licopid 10 mg once a day as a complex treatment lead to a-defensin level increase in leukocytes
of peripheral blood.
Conclusion. The treatment with licopid 10 mg a day lead to prolonged remission and to increase of endocellular
a-defensin level. Definition of a-defensin levels can be useful for advisability and for selection of immune
therapy in pyodermia patients. Thus, a decrease of a-defensin levels in pyodermia patients, possibly, is a marker
of the chronic bacterial inflammation.
Interferon-a in clinical practice
Authors: Nesterova I V
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to IFN -a usage in clinical practice, virus detection, main IFN -a effects: antiviral, antitumor,
immunoregulatory. Described efficacy of recombinant IFN -a - viferon in virus-associated diseases.
The modern aspects of atopic dermatitis pathogenesis in children
Authors: Kudryavtseva A V
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the results obtained by modern Russian and foreign researchers who focused on the pathogenic factors responsible for the appearance and the development of atopic dermatitis. The reasons for skin dryness appearance, the mechanisms of itch development, the immune system role in allergic skin inflammation: the involvement of lymphocytes, antigen presenting sells, mast cells, basophiles and eosinophiles into the pathological process have been thoroughly observed. The causes contributing to atopic dermatitis development and triggering disease aggravation have been described.