bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRAIL mediated signaling in different cancers: cancer in the "Crosshairs"
Authors: Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Naureen Humaira , Yilmaz Seher , Sabitaliyevich Uteuliyev Yerzhan , Zhailganov Azamat , Rabandiyarov Marat , Ucak Ilknur , Karasholakova Lazzat , Attar Rukset
Published: January 2022

Cancer is a therapeutically challenging disease because of its heterogeneous and multifaceted nature. Decades of research have sequentially and systematically enabled us to develop a sharper and better understanding of the heterogeneous nature of cancer. Genetic, genomic and proteomic studies have unraveled wide-ranging signaling cascades which play cornerstone role in disease onset and progression. More importantly, activation of pro-survival signaling and loss of apoptosis also play critical role in cancer progression. TRAIL-mediated signaling pathway has emerged as one of the most comprehensively analyzed cascade because of its exceptional ability to target cancer cells while leaving normal cells intact. TRAIL discovery and landmark achievements related to TRAIL/TRAIL-receptor signaling pathway attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, scientists started to add missing pieces to an incomplete jig-saw puzzle and allowed contemporary researchers to conceptualize a better molecular snapshot of TRAIL-induced signaling in various cancers. Circumstantial evidence illuminated a functionally unique "push and pull" between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins in different cancers. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins shifted the balance towards loss of apoptosis. There has been a breakneck increase in the number of clinical trials related to TRAIL-based therapeutics which validate the true pharmacological potential of TRAIL-based therapeutics as effective anticancer agents. However, apart from advancements in our clinical understanding about the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics, researchers have also faced setbacks in the field of translational medicine. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to set spotlight on the most recent and landmark discoveries which have leveraged our understanding related to TRAIL-mediated signaling altogether to a new level.
Effect of paeonol on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and glutamine of gastric cancer cells via circSFMBT2/miR-665 axis
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Gang , Wu Guoqiang
Published: January 2022

This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of paeonol on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and glutamine of gastric cancer HGC-27 cells and its possible mechanism. For this purpose, the MTT method was used to detect cell viability; Flow cytometry experiment was used to detect cell apoptosis; Transwell chamber experiment was used to detect cell migration and invasion; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 protein; The decomposition of glutamine was evaluated by detecting the expression levels of glutamine, glutamic acid and Î±-ketoglutarate (Î±-KG). This study used RT-PCR to detect the expression of circSFMBT2 and miR-665. The targeting relationship between circSFMBT2 and miR-665 was verified by the dual-luciferase report experiment and RIP experiment. Results showed that different concentrations of Paeonol could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and glutamine decomposition of HGC-27 cells, and induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In gastric cancer tissues and cells, the expression of circSFMBT2 was up-regulated, and the expression of miR-665 was down-regulated. Over-expression of circSFMBT2 could partially restore the effects of paeonol on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and glutamine of HGC-27 cells. CircSFMBT2 could target and negatively regulate the expression of miR-665. Overexpression of miR-665 could partially restore the effects of Pae and circSFMBT2 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and glutamine of HGC-27 cells. It was concluded that paeonol can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and glutamine decomposition of gastric cancer HGC-27 cells via circSFMBT2/miR-665 axis, and also induce cell apoptosis.
How many α-amylase GH families are there in the CAZy database?
Authors: Janeček Štefan , Svensson Birte
Published: January 2022

The CAZy database is a web-server for sequence-based classification of carbohydrate-active enzymes that has become the worldwide and indispensable tool for scientists engaged in this research field. It was originally created in 1991 as a classification of glycoside hydrolases (GH) and currently, this section of CAZy represents its largest part counting 172 GH families. The present Opinion paper is devoted to the specificity of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and its occurrence in the CAZy database. Among the 172 defined GH families, four, i.e. GH13, GH57, GH119 and GH126, may be considered as the α-amylase GH families. This view reflects a historical background and traditions widely accepted during the previous decades with respect to the chronology of creating the individual GH families. It obeys the phenomenon that some amylolytic enzymes, which were used to create the individual GH families and were originally known as α-amylases, according to current knowledge from later, more detailed characterization, need not necessarily represent genuine α-amylases. Our Opinion paper was therefore written in an effort to invite the scientific community to think about that with a mind open to changes and to consider the seemingly unambiguous question in the title as one that may not have a simple answer.
The Body, Experience, and the History of Dream-Science in Artemidorus’Oneirocritica
Authors: Scott Calloway B.
Published: January 2022

The five books of Artemidorus of Ephesus’ Oneirocritica (c. second century CE) constitute the largest collection of divinatory dream-interpretations to survive from Graeco-Roman antiquity. This article examines Artemidorus’ contribution to longstanding medico-philosophical debates over the ontological and epistemic character of such dreams. As with wider Mediterranean traditions concerning premonitory dreams, Greeks and Romans popularly understood them as phenomena with origins exterior to the dreamer (e.g. a visitation of a god). Presocratic and Hippocratic thinkers, however, initiated an effort to bring at least some dream events within the body as interior processes of a physical soul, a bodily turn which ultimately engendered a split in thinking about the possibility and scope of prophetic and diagnostic dreams (e.g. Hippocrates Regimen 4, Aristotle On Prophecy in Dreams, Rufus of Ephesus, and Galen). Here, I examine the way that Artemidorus meant the Oneirocritica to address seriously questions about the origins of dreams and the powers of empirical science in two, related ways. We will see that his defense of oneirocriticism as a techne unfolds along two main axes. First, Artemidorus constructs a necessary veneer of scientific credibility by mobilizing the tropes and organizational strategies characteristic of contemporary technical literature. Secondly, he anchors that authority upon a materialist account of prophetic dreams as “semiotic movements of the soul.” As Price, S. 1986. “The Future of Dreams: From Freud to Artemidorus.”Past & Present113: 3–36 and Harris-McCoy, D. 2012.Artemidorus’ Oneirocritica: Text, Translation, and Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press observed, this explicit commitment to an empirical method of dream-interpretation resembles that of the Hellenistic medical ‘sect’ known as ‘Empiricists,’ who eschewed interest in theoretical etiology in favor of observation, comparison, and compilation of symptoms and outcomes. Pushing beyond similarity, I argue that Artemidorus not only deployed this method to defend empirically grounded accounts of dream-divination (cf. Cicero De div. 1), but endeavored to show that such a scientific method can be used to stabilize and corral productively the potentially infinite number of interpretations any dream-sign might bear without recourse to an underlying, causal theory.
Investigation of molecular regulation mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Weng Yifei
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism under the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and identify the potential biomarkers for predicting the risk of SAH. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs), microRNAs, and lncRNAs were screened. Protein–protein interaction (PPI), drug–gene, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed to determine candidate RNAs. The optimized RNAs signature was established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and recursive feature elimination algorithms. A total of 124 SAH-related DEGs were identified, and were enriched in inflammatory response, TNF signaling pathway, and others. PPI network revealed 118 hub genes such as TNF, MMP9, and TLR4. Drug–gene network revealed that chrysin targeted more genes, such as TNF and MMP9. JMJD1C-AS-hsa-miR-204-HDAC4/SIRT1 and LINC01144-hsa-miR-128-ADRB2/TGFBR3 regulatory axes were found from ceRNA network. From these networks, 125 candidate RNAs were obtained. Of which, an optimal 38 RNAs signatures (2 lncRNAs, 1 miRNA, and 35 genes) were identified to construct a Support Vector Machine classifier. The predictive value of 38 biomarkers had an AUC of 0.990. Similar predictive performance was found in external validation dataset (AUC of 0.845). Our findings provided the potential for 38 RNAs to serve as biomarkers for predicting the risk of SAH. However, their application values should be further validated in clinical.
Plant growth-promoting properties of bacterial endophytes isolated from roots of Thymus vulgaris L. and investigate their role as biofertilizers to enhance the essential oil contents
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Mahmoud Soliman , Fouda Amr , El-Ela Hesham Kamal Abo , El-Ghamry Abbas A. , Hassan Saad El-Din
Published: January 2022

The main objective of the current study was to improve the essential oil contents of Thymus vulgaris L. using bio-inoculation with bacterial endophytes. Therefore, out of fourteen endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from roots of T. vulgaris, five isolates were selected based on the highest nitrogen-fixation and phosphate solubilization activity and identified as: Bacillus haynesii T9r, Citrobacter farmeri T10r, Bacillus licheniformis T11r, Bacillus velezensis T12r, and Bacillus velezensis T13r. These five strains have been recorded as ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producers. These strains have the efficacy to fix-nitrogen by reduction of acetylene with values of 82.133±1.4–346.6±1.4 n-mole-C2H4/ml/24 h. The IAA, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, benzyl, kinten, and ziaten production were confirmed using HPLC. Two strains of T11r and T13r showed the highest plant growth-promoting properties and were selected for bio-inoculation of T. vulgaris individually or in a consortium with different mineral fertilization doses (0, 50, 75, and 100%) under field conditions. The highest growth performance was attained with the endophytic consortium (T11r+T13r) in the presence of 100% mineral fertilization. The GC-MS analysis of thyme oil contents showed the presence of 23 various compounds with varying percentages and the thymol fraction represented the highest percentages (39.1%) in the presence of the bacterial consortium.
Implication of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ofBacillusspp. as biocontrol agents against wilt disease caused byFusarium oxysporumSchlecht. inVicia fabaL.
Authors: El-Sersawy Mostafa Mohamed , Hassan Saad El-Din , El-Ghamry Abbas A. , El-Gwad Amr Mahmoud Abd , Fouda Amr
Published: January 2022

Out of sevenFusariumspp. isolated from infected faba bean roots, twoFusarium oxysporumwere selected and showed faba bean-wilt disease severity with percentages of 68% and 47% under greenhouse conditions. TheF. oxysporumshowed the highest wilt disease was selected to complete the current study. Three rhizobacterial strains were isolated and identified asBacillus velezensisVb1,B. paramycoidesVb3, andB. paramycoidesVb6. These strains showed the highestin-vitroantagonistic activity by the dual-culture method against selectedF. oxysporumwith inhibition percentages of 59±0.2, 46±0.3, and 52±0.3% for Vb1, Vb3, and Vb6, respectively. These rhizobacterial strains exhibit varied activity for nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing. Moreover, these strains showed positive results for ammonia, HCN, and siderophores production. The phytohormones production (indole-3-acetic acid, ABA, benzyl, kinten, ziaten, and GA3) and secretion of various lytic enzymes were recorded by these strains with varying degrees. Under greenhouse conditions, the rhizobacterial strains Vb1, Vb3, Vb6, and their consortium can protect faba bean from wilt caused byF. oxysporumwith percentages of 70, 60, 65, and 82%, respectively. Under field conditions, the inoculation with the rhizobacterial consortium (Vb1+Vb3+Vb6) significantly increases the growth performance of theF. oxysporum-infected faba bean plant and recorded the highest wilt protection (83.3%).
Chemerin – exploring a versatile adipokine
Authors: Fischer Tobias F. , Beck-Sickinger Annette G.
Published: January 2022

Chemerin is a small chemotactic protein and a key player in initiating the early immune response. As an adipokine, chemerin is also involved in energy homeostasis and the regulation of reproductive functions. Secreted as inactive prochemerin, it relies on proteolytic activation by serine proteases to exert biological activity. Chemerin binds to three distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), namely chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1, recently named chemerin1), G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1, recently named chemerin2), and CC-motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2). Only CMKLR1 displays conventional G protein signaling, while GPR1 only recruits arrestin in response to ligand stimulation, and no CCRL2-mediated signaling events have been described to date. However, GPR1 undergoes constitutive endocytosis, making this receptor perfectly adapted as decoy receptor. Here, we discuss expression pattern, activation, and receptor binding of chemerin. Moreover, we review the current literature regarding the involvement of chemerin in cancer and several obesity-related diseases, as well as recent developments in therapeutic targeting of the chemerin system.
Carleman framework filtering of nonlinear noisy phase-locked loop system
Authors: Medewar Prashant G. , Sharma Shambhu N. , Patel Hirenkumar G.
Published: January 2022

In control and communications, the phase-locked loop (PLL) is regarded as the demodulator. Under the presence of small noise, the PLL system fails to accomplish the locking condition resulting in the stochastic phase difference. As a result of this, the PLL becomes a nontrivial nonlinear stochastic system. To circumvent the curse of dimensionality and nonlinearity, we exploit the method of linearization in the Carleman framework in combination with the finite closure for the stochastic system considered here. We show that the Carleman linearization has proven useful to preserve the nonlinearity via bilinearization. The Carleman setup of the nonlinear stochastic differential system has the Markov property and the terms are manageable. Then, we filter the states of the PLL using the filtering theory of the homogeneous Markov process. Finally, the numerical simulations reveal the superiority of the proposed filtering in Carleman setting in contrasts with the celebrated extended Kalman filtering framework.
QAM receiver based on light amplifiers measured with effective role of optical coherent duobinary transmitter
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Arunachalam Rajesh , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Patel Shobhit K. , Parmar Juveriya , Delwar Tahesin Samira , Ryu Jee Youl , Nyangaresi Vincent Omollo , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih
Published: January 2022

Effective role of optical duobinary transmitter with optical coherent quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) receiver based on light amplifiers measured is stimulated by using optisystem simulation software version 13. Signal, noise power levels are stimulated after long haul fiber optic range up to 350 km distance. Measured light amplifiers, optical duobinary transmitters and optical QAM receiver are employed to measure the peak signal amplitude power (SAP) and noise signal power for bit rate transmission with 100 Gb/s based 350 km length. Maximum signal power level margin is enhanced with high data rates transmission.
Placental characteristics of selective intrauterine growth restriction with changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow in monochorionic diamniotic twins
Authors: Wang Xueju , Li Luyao , Yuan Pengbo , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To compare the placental features between selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) patients, with dynamic classification (DC) and stable classifications (SC).

Methods

A cohort study was conducted from 1st April 2013 to 1st April 2020, we recruited sIUGR patients who had delivered at our center and examined placental characteristics with dye injection. The primary outcome was placental characteristics.

Results

The prevalence of large artery-artery anastomosis (AAA) was significantly higher in sIUGR with DC than sIUGR with SC (88.2 vs. 46.6%, p=0.001). The total diameter of AAA was significantly larger in sIUGR with DC than sIUGR with SC [2.9 (1.4, 7.0) vs. 2.4 (0.3, 7.1) mm, p=0.032]. The total number of artery-vein anastomosis was significantly smaller in sIUGR with DC than sIUGR with SC [3 (1, 12) vs. 5 (1, 15), p=0.023]. The incidence of neonatal asphyxias of growth-restricted fetuses were higher in sIUGR with DC than sIUGR with SC (23.5 vs. 5.9%, p=0.033).

Conclusions

Large AAA is probably associated to sIUGR with dynamic classification.
Resonant mixed fractional-order p-Laplacian boundary value problem on the half-line
Authors: Imaga O. F. , Iyase S. A. , Odekina O. G.
Published: January 2022

This study aims at establishing the solvability of a fractional-order p-Laplacian boundary value problem involving both the left Caputo and right Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives on the half-line. In order to overcome the nonlinearity of the fractional differential operator, we apply the Ge and Ren coincidence degree theorem to obtain existence results for the boundary value problem at resonance. An example is given to demonstrate the established results.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Reflection of the Human Adventure in the Anthropocene
Authors: Hétier Renaud , Wallenhorst Nathanaël
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 crisis is testing human societies. It is obviously first and foremost a health problem – it causes deaths and numerous diseases – but it is also an economic problem – it is expensive, it weighs on the usual economic functioning – and finally, it is a hindrance to freedom – circulation, sociality, vaccination, etc. – and to the development of the human condition. This crisis highlights the interdependence between the environment, the economy and freedom, and reveals our condition and its future.
Pandemic and the Consequences of Social Vulnerability for the Transformation into a Syndemic in Brazil
Authors: Vieira Karina Limonta
Published: January 2022

Pandemics are faced with uncertain scenarios, environmental, economic and/or social crises, generating negative impacts on society, which are further aggravated in a context of social vulnerability. This text aims to present and reflect on the transformation of a pandemic into a syndemic in Brazil due to the consequences of social vulnerability. How and why can a pandemic turn into a syndemic given the consequences of social vulnerability that plague Brazil? Understanding the factors and effects of social vulnerability, as well as the consequences of social vulnerability in Brazil, lead to the search for new sustainable dynamics in the face of crises and uncertainties through global action and an education aimed at dealing with the challenges of vulnerability.
China: Corona, „das landesweit einheitliche System“ und „der doppelte Wirtschaftskreislauf“
Authors: Qin Mingrui
Published: January 2022

Nachdem China das Coronavirus weitgehend eingedämmt hat, ist es dabei, das Post-Pandemie-Zeitalter in Erwägung der internationalen Lage für sich zu gestalten. Sowohl diese Gestaltung als auch die Bewältigung der Epidemie basieren auf dem sogenannten „landesweit einheitlichen System“, das deswegen in diesem Aufsatz mit Blick auf seine historische Entwicklung genau betrachtet wird. Für die Zukunft sieht China vor, das Konzept des doppelten Wirtschaftskreislaufs anzuwenden, wobei der innere Kreislauf die tragende Säule der chinesischen Wirtschaft sein wird, obwohl China weiterhin den äußeren, internationalen Kreislauf für wichtig hält. Die strukturellen Dispositionen und Probleme des Landes – vor allem die Lage und Probleme der Landbevölkerung – als Ausgangs- und Grundlage für diese Strategie werden ebenfalls dargestellt und analysiert.
Viral Mimesis: The Patho(-) Logies of the Coronavirus
Authors: Lawtoo Nidesh
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that the human, all too human vulnerability to mimesis (imitation) is a central and so far underdiagnosed element internal to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Supplementing medical accounts of viral contagion, the chapter develops a genealogy of the concept of mimesis – from antiquity to modernity to the present – that is attentive to both its pathological and therapeutic properties. If an awareness of the pathological side of mimetic contagion is constitutive of the origins of philosophy, in Plato’s Republic, and crowd psychology called attention to the mirroring dynamic of affective contagion among crowds and publics in the modern period, the Covid-19 pandemic crisis highlights the pathological implications of hypermimetic conspiracies reloaded by new media, while also revealing the human ability to develop therapeutic patho-logies – that is, critical discourses (or logoi), on the contagious dynamic of mimetic pathos. Like a Janus-faced mirror, then, this genealogy of homo mimeticus calls attention to both the contemporary dangers of affective contagion and to the urgency of transformations or metamorphosis to counter future pandemic and environmental threats that loom large in the Anthropocene.
Doing Philosophy Virtually and the Amphibolic Body
Authors: Theodoropoulou Elena
Published: January 2022

The persisting usage of virtual means for the completion of activities usually or traditionally held in person stimulates the reflection about the possible effect that doing philosophy online could have on the philosophical integrity of the process. The body question seems to be pivotal in this context not only as far as concerning virtuality issues but also philosophy’s care to integrate the body into its routines – when it is practiced physically – especially in the frame of an education still hesitating to embrace embodied experience. The body deficiency, its vanishing, is first of all a question for philosophy and its ways to be practiced today – on that basis, passing through virtuality’s discourses can enlighten the relevant reflection.
Critical trends in synthetic organic chemistry in terms of organocatalysis
Authors: Kerru Nagaraju , Katari Naresh Kumar , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: January 2022

The utilization of small organic compounds as catalysts has advanced rapidly, and organocatalysis has emerged as a dominant technique complementary to metal-catalyzed organic conversions. The organocatalysis field has enhanced the progression of innovative approaches to make varied chiral molecules. Researchers have placed enormous effort towards designing and blending simpler organocatalysts to synthesize enantioselective molecules in good yields. This work emphasized the impact of enamine, iminium, hydrogen bonding, and phase transfer organocatalysts in organic synthesis. The monograph focused on the crucial methods to construct valuable molecules with high enantiomeric purity.
A holistic environmental investigation of complementary energy in Alberta
Authors: Hakstol Rhys
Published: January 2022

As Canada progresses toward its pledge of net-zero carbon emissions by the year 2050, it is worthwhile to thoughtfully examine the current energy landscape and how one might hope to achieve decarbonization within this timeframe. This examination is of particular importance in a fossil fuel producing region such as Alberta. Through an analysis of renewable energy strategies as well as the potential difficulties in this transition, an appropriate strategy may be devised. A combinatorial approach of wind, solar, and geothermal energy sources in the residential, commercial, and industrial spheres may serve as a transition measure, and eventually supplant fossil fuels as the dominant source of energy produced in Alberta with appropriate incentivization. Decarbonization is a pressing need given the imminent climate crisis the world is encountering, and these technologies are capable of serving as a step toward lower carbon emissions and ultimately curbing human-accelerated climate change.
Mitgliederförderung und Partizipation – Herausforderungen und Chancen im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
Authors: Wrede Matthias
Published: January 2022

Mitgliederförderung durch wirtschaftliches Handeln ist das Wesen einer Genossenschaft. Oder wie es das Gesetz formuliert: „der Zweck (ist) darauf gerichtet (...), den Erwerb oder die Wirtschaft ihrer Mitglieder oder deren soziale oder kulturelle Belange durch gemeinschaftlichen Geschäftsbetrieb zu fördern“. Was diese Belange sind und wie die Zwecke erreicht werden sollen, müssen und können die Mitglieder, die der Genossenschaft als Lieferanten, als Produzenten und/oder als Konsumenten verbunden sind und durch die Stimmrechtsbegrenzung einander gleichgestellt sind, selbst bestimmen.
Jail segregation today, hospital seclusion tomorrow
Authors: Chaimowitz Gary
Published: January 2022

Gary Chaimowitz is a Professor of Psychiatry at McMaster University and the Head of the Forensic Psychiatry Program at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton. Among many roles, Professor Chaimowitz has been granted Forensic Psychiatry Founder Status. He is one of the creators the Hamilton Anatomical Risk Management (HARM) and the Aggressive Incident Scale (AIS). Professor Chaimowitz is the Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Risk and Recovery.
Review on the effectiveness of Canadian and American mental health courts
Authors: Dunford David , Haag Andrew
Published: January 2022

Objective: This systematic review synthesizes mental health court (MHC) research across the United States and Canada. This study reviews and compares the operations and practices of MHCs across both countries, as well as their recidivism rates. Methods: We gathered from existing literature to present common MHC practices used across the United States. However, in response to the lack of literature about Canadian day-to-day practices, we developed a questionnaire and contacted every Canadian MHC. In total, we contacted 36 Canadian MHCs, and 19 courts filled out a questionnaire. With respect to recidivism rates, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in February and March 2019 in PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts using the keywords mental health court, therapeutic justice, serious mental illness, mentally ill offenders, mental health diversion and problem-solving courts. Results: Canadian and American MHCs have similar practices. However, American MHC’s have more robust screening measures and typically admit more participants with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder into their programs compared to Canadian MHCs. MHC participants in both countries typically had lower recidivism rates compared to regular docket court participants. Conclusions: MHC research should inform public policy. Additional research should move in the direction of discovering the predictors for why MHCs reduce recidivism.
Shifts in the significant risk threshold
Authors: Bradford John , Chaimowitz Gary
Published: January 2022

This Editorial addresses the concept of significant threat pertaining to Canadian law
Emotional content analysis among psychopathic individuals during emotional induction by IAPS pictures
Authors: Pham Thierry H. , Gwicz Justine , Scohier Anne-Sophie , Rousseau Dorothée , Douven Nele , Lavallée Audrey , Saloppé Xavier
Published: January 2022

Background Emotional processes among psychopathic individuals have been consistently investigated. Although content analysis is interesting for evaluating emotional characteristics, few data exist concerning Psychopath’s speech content following affective and neutral images.

Method Population included male forensic inpatients (n=47) from Security Hospital. The inpatients were divided into: “Psychopaths” (n=24, PCL-R total score >25), “Intermediates” (n=12, score from 15 to 24.9) and “Non-psychopaths” (n=11, score <14.9). TROPES analyses and EMOTAIX scenario tools examined the narrative’s emotional characteristics. We tested the hypothesis that psychopaths report fewer emotional words on all images, particularly on negative-valence images.

Results Our results on the whole do not support this hypothesis but suggested rather a specific discordance in the verbal emotional treatment (exclusively PCL-R interpersonal factor) but not in terms of the subjective evaluation. Moreover, this factor was positively correlated with the number of the self-referring pronouns (“I”, me) setting whereas PCL-R Social Deviance factor was positively correlated with action verbs.

Conclusion Speech outputs of psychopaths present specificities in terms of emotional content and verbal setting. The results are congruent with the notion that psychopathy combines both functionality and subtle impairment.
Impact of the Illusory Truth Effect and Location of Testimony in Juror Deliberations
Authors: Johnston Alexandrea , Ambrosini Daniel , Losier Bruno
Published: January 2022

The illusory truth effect (ITE) is the tendency to believe false information as being accurate after it has been presented repeatedly over time. ITE has been shown to hold true in many different contexts; however, there have been no studies that examine the influence of ITE in jurors’ deliberation. Given the importance of weighing legally relevant facts in the decision-making process, and the potential influence of ITE, this study examined whether the repetition of key evidence in testimony matters in this context. This study also examined whether critical information would be influenced by the location of ITE. In that context, jurors may process critical information differently when introducing ITE early (i.e., primacy effect) or later (i.e., recency effect) in the vignette of a murder case. To examine this effect, 100 participants were recruited and asked to read a vignette where pertinent evidence related to a murder was strategically repeated throughout the case narrative. Participants were assigned to one of four groups: control; ITE throughout vignette; ITE at the beginning of vignette; and ITE at the end of vignette. After reading the vignette, participants were asked to complete a short questionnaire and provide a final decision about various aspects of the case. Results revealed that repetition of pertinent evidence matters. The placement of evidence also has the potential to influence jurors’ perceptions of certain case relevant details. These findings suggest that within a sensitive legal context, such as jurors weighing evidence of an accused’s culpability, ITE could alter one’s perception of the facts.
Małżeństwa w międzywojennej rodzinie chłopskiej w świetle dokumentów kościelnych na przykładzie diecezji kieleckiej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Renz Regina
Published: January 2022

The patriarchal family model, promoted by religious institutions, was the most prevalent in the rural areas. Role models, associated with patriarchal family, promoted in the catholic press, exposed features of men, such as resourcefulness, care for his wife and home, meanwhile, for women, these were features such as economy, kindness, care for her children and husband. People looked for future wives and husbands among neighbours, neighbouring villages and in the nearest area. Within traditional rural areas, basic criteria of marriage was the size of the lands owned by the families of the spouses, as well as owned money capital. Love and mutual attraction were desired but not required in this model. Those, who managed to combine “decent” conditions of the future marriage with elation of heart, were considered the lucky ones. Introducing couples by matchmakers, friends or family members had to guarantee “choosable” choices. Religious concept of marriage assumed that procreation is its main objective. It disregarded divorce and considered conscious maternity inconsistent with catholic morality. In practice, Catholics didn’t obey behaviour models promoted by the Church. Church’s ethical principles about the binding nature of marriage and the ones banning living without entering marriage, weren’t fully respected. Based on the survey conducted among priests in diocese of Kielce regarding family morality among congregation in years 192–1929, we learn that in just a few parishes self-willed separations and living without marriage were observed. The main reason behind separations were property issues, irreconcilable differences, infertility, illness or brutality of one of the spouses. Also, ban imposed on birth planning and control wasn’t generally respected. All of the above proves changes that were taking place in marriage and family relations in peasant families during inter-war period.
Physical and chemical characterization of Chinese maize stalk leaf ash: Calcining temperature and aqueous solution
Authors: Feng Guorui , Qi Tingye , Wang Zehua , Bai Jinwen , Li Zhen
Published: January 2022

This study focused on the physical and chemical characterization of Chinese maize stalk leaf ash (MSLA) calcined at 500, 700, and 850 °C and MSLA residual leaching in aqueous solutions. The grain size distribution, chemical composition, and microstructure of MSLA were investigated using a laser Mastersizer, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The ash samples obtained before and after dissolving were analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify the present minerals and observe the 2p atomic orbit of surface silicon and aluminum (Si 2p and Al 2p) transformation behaviors. The zeta potential and pH values of hybrid solutions were tested for various dissolving times. Silica was the predominant component observed in the MSLA. As dissolving time increased, the pH value gradually decreased, and the zeta potentials first slightly decreased and then remarkably increased. Quartz was identified in the MSLA. Another polymorphous crystalline form of silica, cristobalite, only appeared in the 850 °C sample. The binding energies of Si 2p and Al 2p shifted, which transformed the XPS peaks after the thermal and aqueous solution treatment of MSLA. These findings can be utilized to study the application potential of MSLA in cementing systems.
The Anonymous Catechism of 1605: Slavic Loanwords and Hybrids
Authors: Smetonienė Anželika
Published: January 2022

The Anonymous Catechism of 1605 (hereinafter - AC) is one of the first catechisms in the Lithuanian language in GDL. However, it has been under-researched so far. In 1890 this catechism was published by J. Bystroń with comments. Z. Zinkevičius and A. Judžentis have conducted some research on the AC and S. Temčinas has also discussed it in his research works. However, in more recent works this catechism has not received sufficient focus and, even more, its loan lexicon has not been attentively investigated. Namely the loan lexicon, i.e., Slavic loanwords and hybrids that derive from them, is the focus of this article. Slavic loanwords and hybrids were selected from the AC and the dictionaries of Slavic languages were analysed searching for possible sources of loanwords. Following various criteria (availability of source, morphological, phonetic criteria), Slavic loanwords were grouped into Slavic borrowings of unclear origin, loanwords from the East Slavic languages (Old Russian or Ruthenian languages) and Polish loanwords.

Fifty six Slavic loanwords were identified in the AC: 52 % out of them are of unclear origin, i.e., their possible sources were identified in the East Slavic and Polish languages and etymological dictionaries provide for different sources of their origin. 38 % of Slavic loanwords were borrowed into the Lithuanian language from the East Slavic language – the Polish language does not possess possible equivalents of Slavic loanwords or the meaning of Polish word does not coincide with semantics of a loanword, phonetics of borrowing also indicates such origin. Polish loanwords comprise only 10 % of all the loanwords in the AC.
Lexical Retrieval Difficulties in the L1 of Lithuanians in Ireland
Authors: Vaisėtaitė Eglė
Published: January 2022

The article describes the study of the Irish Lithuanian (IL) L1 lexical attrition. Several indications can show lexical attrition: vocabulary reduction, use of hypernyms instead of hyponyms, code switching, and hesitation markers. These signs indicate that the person is having difficulty retrieving words from memory. The article analyzes 30 IL speech examples (recordings of picture description) while focusing on the hesitation markers (pauses, corrections, repetitions, etc.) and the units of lexical expression. The study involves first-generation emigrants who left Lithuania at the age of 12 or older and have lived in Ireland for 5 years or more. The data of the target group are compared with the data of the control group – Lithuanians living in Lithuania (LL). The significance of the results is confirmed by applying T test.

During the study, informants were asked to describe two pictures. The results show that there were more hesitation markers in IL speech rather than in LL speech (p = 0.000). In addition, less relevant units of lexical expression were used in IL rather than in LL speech (p = 0.002). Such results suggest that the target group experience difficulties retrieving words from memory and this could mean that their L1 lexicon is facing attrition. It also turned out that the picture related to private life situations was described more fluently than the picture related to public life situations.
Worldview in Memoirs «Die Kavaliere von Illuxt» by Alexis von Engelhardt
Authors: Talerko Valentina
Published: January 2022

The paper is based on the book of memoirs by Alexis von Engelhardt Die Kavaliere von Illuxt, published in 1949. In the territory of Latgale, which is discussed in the book, the Baltic Germans lived in small numbers, therefore the book is of historical, culturological and literary interest. The text of the literary work is understood as an object of scientific reflection; all its components are connected into a single whole by the author’s creative thought. The methodology of the research is based on the interpretation of the literary text, as well as the synthesis of statistical, cultural-historical, semantic and intertextual analysis in the critical perception of the text. The aim of the research is to reveal the worldview presented in the literary work, which consists of the artistic space, representation of time, characters with their functions and objectives, as well as moral and ethical values. The particular objectives of the research include establishing the relationship between the text of the memoirs and jokes and entertaining stories of the Baltic Germans (Pratchen), the features of which have been identified in the author’s previous research, but which still represent a scientific lacuna.

On the basis of the life realities described in the book Die Kavaliere von Illuxt it is possible to reconstruct the organization of life of the people that has disappeared from the map of today’s Latvia. The artistic space constructed in this book shows a closed and stagnant world, a lack of impulses for internal development and an appeal to the past. Historical and event-driven artistic time, the inclusiveness of individual stories into the canvas of historical events brings the narrative closer to Pratchen, i.e. jokes and entertaining stories of the Baltic Germans. Alexis von Engelhardt’s book Die Kavaliere von Illuxt is currently the only source of jokes and entertaining stories (Pratchen) of the Baltic Germans about Latgale.

The research is funded by the Latvian Council of Science, project The Baltic Germans of Latgale in the context of socio-ethnic relations from the 17th till the beginning of the 20th century, project No.lzp-2020/2-0136.
Must the Social be Reassembled? Broken Dispute between B. Latour and P. Bourdieu
Authors: Poviliūnas Arūnas
Published: January 2022

The article analyses the conflict between two prominent French sociologists P. Bourdieu and B. Latour. It attempts to answer a question to what extent this conflict reflects the paradigmatic break of sociology. The study of the conflict concludes with the statement that the attempts of B. Latour and his allies to “reassemble the social” and institutionalize Actor-Network-Theory resulted in the critical movement of the Science Technology Studies (STS). However, STS does not succeed to become the paradigmatic break of the path of sociology.
Fluorecently Labeled Bionanotransporters of Nucleic Acid Based on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Novopashina D.S. , Apartsin E.K. , Venyaminova A.G.
Published: January 2022

We propose an approach to the design of a new type of hybrids of oligonucleotides with fluorescein-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. The approach is based on stacking interactions of functionalized nanotubes with pyrene residues in conjugates of oligonucleotides. The amino- and fluorescein-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes are obtained, and their physico-chemical properties are investigated. The effect of the functionalization type of carbon nanotubes on the efficacy of the sorption of pyrene conjugates of oligonucleotides was examined. The proposed non-covalent hybrids of fluorescein-labeled carbon nanotubes with oligonucleotides may be used for the intracellular transport of functional nucleic acids.
Novel Photoluminescence-Enhancing Substrates for Image Formation of Biological Objects
Authors: Dovbeshko G.I. , Fesenko O.M. , Boyko V.V. , Gorchev V.F. , Karakhin S.O. , Gridina N.Ya. , Gorelik V.S. , Moiseenko V.N.
Published: January 2022

The use of photonic crystals, which were fabricated on the basis of synthetic opals, as substrates for the luminescence microscopy of biological objects has been shown. The spatial distributions of the photoluminescence by DNA clusters excited by 365-nm ultra-violet irradiation on opal surfaces and rough gold substrates have been studied. With the use of blood cells as an example, a possibility for the visualization of biological objects in the case where the nanostructure elements of synthetic opals are applied as labels and image amplifiers has been demonstrated.
Іонізація та збудження молекул урацилу електронним ударом
Authors: Суховія М.І. , Шафраньош М.І. , Чаварга М.М. , Шафраньош І.І.
Published: January 2022

Експериментальним шляхом отримано дані про абсолютні величини перерізів утворення позитивних і негативних іонів азотистої основинуклеїнових кислот – урацилу. Показано, що максимальних значень переріз утворення негативних іонів досягає при енергії бомбардуючихелектронів 1,1 еВ, і його абсолютна величина становить 5,0 · 10–18 cм2. Визначено абсолютну величину та енергетичну залежність перерізу утворення позитивних іонів для урацилу в інтервалі енергій електронів від порога до 200 еВ. Максимум перерізу іонізації знаходиться при енергії 95 еВ і дорівнює (1,0 ± 0,1) · 10–15 cм2. Отримано спектри люмінесценції ізольованих молекул урацилу в області довжин хвиль 200–500 нм під дією повільних електронів. У спектрі спостерігаються близько 20 спектральних смуг і ліній. Показано, що спектр випромінювання урацилу формують процеси дисоціативного збудження молекул, дисоціативного збудження з іонізацією, збудження електронних рівнів вихідної молекули та молекулярного іона. Обговорено біофізичні наслідки отриманих результатів.
Synthesis of Nanotubes from Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Ermokhina N.I. , Nevinskiy V.A. , Manorik P.A. , Ilyin V.G. , Tsiba N.N. , Puziy A.M. , Shcherbatuuk N.N. , Klymchyuk D.O.
Published: January 2022

Mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 (the anatase phase with spherical crystallites smaller than 10~nm and with the pore diameter larger than 17 nm) is obtained by the sol-gel synthesis followed by a hydrothermal treatment. It is used for the fabrication of titanate nanotubes using the hydrothermal process in a concentrated aqueous NaOH solution at 130 ºС. The SEM, TEM, XRD, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption methods were used to study the texture and morphology of new materials. Uniform nanotubular open-ended particles characterized by an average outer diameter of about 8 nm and a length larger than 1 µm are observed. The particles are assembled into bundles about 64 nm in diameter, and the bundles were also aggregated. The calcination of titanate nanotubes in air at 300 ºС gave rise to the formation of the anatase phase (the size of crystallite was 5.7 nm), which was accompanied by a reduction of the specimen specific surface area from 255 to 190 m2/g.
Експериментальне та теоретичне дослідження лазерної десорбції/іонізації метиленового блакитного з поверхні терморозширеного графіту
Authors: Габович В.О. , Покровський В.О. , Дем’яненко Є.М. , Гребенюк А.Г.
Published: January 2022

Виміряно мас-спектри продуктів лазерної десорбції/іонізації барвника метиленового блакитного з поверхні терморозширеного графіту. Зокрема, показано, що в мас-спектрах найбільш інтенсивними є іони [М+1]+, [М+2]+, [М+3]+, з приєднаними до молекулярного іона одним, двома або трьома атомами водню. Експериментальні результати підтверджуються квантово-хімічними розрахунками можливих продуктів, які можуть утворюватись під дією лазерного випромінювання.
Caregiver Perspectives on Underutilization of WIC: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gago Cristina M. , Wynne Jhordan O. , Moore Maggie J. , Cantu-Aldana Alejandra , Vercammen Kelsey , Zatz Laura Y. , May Kelley , Andrade Tina , Mendoza Terri , Stone Sarah L. , Mattei Josiemer , Davison Kirsten K. , Rimm Eric B. , Colchamiro Rachel , Kenney Erica L.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a federal program that improves the health of low-income women (pregnant and postpartum) and children up to 5 years of age in the United States. However, participation is suboptimal. We explored reasons for incomplete redemption of benefits and early dropout from WIC.

METHODS

In 2020–2021, we conducted semistructured interviews to explore factors that influenced WIC program utilization among current WIC caregivers (n = 20) and caregivers choosing to leave while still eligible (n = 17) in Massachusetts. By using a deductive analytic approach, we developed a codebook grounded in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS

Themes across both current and early-leaving participants included positive feelings about social support from the WIC clinic staff and savings offered through the food package. Participants described reduced satisfaction related to insufficient funds for fruits and vegetables, food benefits inflexibility, concerns about in-clinic health tests, and in-store item mislabeling. Participants described how electronic benefit transfer cards and smartphone apps eased the use of benefits and reduced stigma during shopping. Some participants attributed leaving early to a belief that they were taking benefits from others.

CONCLUSIONS

Current and early-leaving participants shared positive WIC experiences, but barriers to full participation exist. Food package modification may lead to improved redemption and retention, including increasing the cash value benefit for fruits and vegetables and diversifying food options. Research is needed regarding the misperception that participation means “taking” benefits away from someone else in need.