bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lineament mapping using sig and optical and radar remote sensing: The case of the Tafilalet plain (Southeastern Morocco)
Authors: Mouzoun Ouafae , Iharzi Chaimae , Kassou Amina , Essahlaoui Ali , Khrabcha Abdelali
Published: January 2025

This research focuses on the mapping of lineaments in the Tafilalet plain, located in south-eastern Morocco, using a combination of optical (Landsat 8), radar (Sentinel-1A) and 10 m resolution digital terrain model (SRTM) remote sensing. Radiometric and geometric corrections, as well as directional filters, were applied to extract lineaments of the study area. These lineaments were then validated using geological and topographical maps and Google Earth Pro images. Statistical analysis of the orientations revealed six main directions: N-S, NE-SW, NW-SE, E-W, NNE-SSW, NNW-SSE, with a predominance of N-S to NE-SW orientations, corresponding to the hydrological dynamics of the region. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of remote sensing techniques in providing precise information on geological structures, thereby facilitating understanding of the subsurface and hydrological characteristics of the area studied.
Application of GIS Tools to analyze changes in road network parameters: The case of Berkane province
Authors: Aouni Youssef , El Moudni El Alam Souad , Toumi Abdennaby
Published: January 2025

Road network management is an aspect of infrastructure heritage preservation that requires special attention from the departments concerned, in order to accurately predict maintenance, reinforcement and planning interventions, which requires effective methods for visualizing and tracking the network. This research aims to integrate techniques of the Geographic Information System (GIS) for modeling, classifying and analyzing the evolution of two parameters: Traffic and pavement deterioration. In this context, a case study examining GIS spatial representation options visualized these two parameters on national, regional and provincial roads in the Berkane province in Morocco based on the results of traffic investigations and visual surveys of pavement deterioration between 2016 and 2022. This study will provide road network managers and decision-makers with the information they need to make the right decisions regarding future maintenance programs.
Analysis of the factors that influences pastoral resources dynamic in the Zou waterdhed at dome Outlet (Benin)
Authors: Adetona Luc , Agoinon Norbert , Hounton Charles , Orou Kpera Bio , Ouorou Barre Fousseni Imorou , Vodounou Jean Bosco Kpatindé , Gnele José Edgard
Published: January 2025

Livestock the main economic sector in West Africa is threatened in the Zou Watershed at the Domé outlet (BVZD) by climatic changes, land degradation and agricultural's growing pressure expansion due to demographic growth. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that influences pastoral resources dynamics in the basin. This study relies on 30 years climatic's data (1991–2020), Sentinel-2 satellite images from 2016 and 2020 and demographic data from INStaD. Indices such as the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used to characterize droughts and climate conditions. The results show significant precipitation variability, with an increase in severe droughts between 2016 and 2020. In January 2016, 29.2% of the BVZD area was affected by severe drought, compared to 36.84% in January 2020. Moreover, areas without drought decreased from 8.63% in January 2016 to 7.78% in 2020. Demographic's growth in the basin, which increased from 576,727 inhabitants in 1992 to 1,367,389 in 2020 increased a pressure on pastoral carrying capacity and accelerating ecosystem degradation. This study highlights the urgency of sustainable strategies to protect livestock in the face of climate and demographic challenges in Zou Watershed.
Modeling of soil salinity in Rheris Oasis (Southeastern of Morocco) using satellite spectral indices
Authors: Ait Lahssaine Ismail , Kabiri Lahcen , Messaoudi Badre , El Hafyani Mohammed , Essafraoui Badre , Kadiri Abdelhakim , El Ouali Mohamed , Canas Kurz Edgardo , Hellriegel Ulrich , Kretzschmar Helen Alice , Hoinkis Jan
Published: January 2025

The Rheris oases in Southeastern Morocco are an essential ecosystem. It presents enormous ecological and natural values. Water scarcity coupled with agricultural intensification results in soil salinization and its degradation. This work aims to propose a spatiotemporal monitoring method of soil salinization in the Rheris oasis using spectral indices derived from Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. The most used indices in the literature were (14 indices) tested and correlated with the results obtained from 50 samples taken from the first soil horizon at a constant depth of 0.20 m from the November 2022 campaign. The findings confirm that this method is highly effective and reliable for the modeling and spatial mapping of soil salinity in this region. The state of the hydroclimate is an aspect that influences soil salinization. An increase in salinized surfaces is observed during the periods of 1990–1996, 2000–2005, and 2017-2022. The spatio-temporal distribution of saline soils in Rheris Oasis is very variable. The monthly variations are more important than the annual ones.
Quantifying climate change and its impact on surface water in the Cherrat watershed in northwest Morocco using satellite imagery and GIS
Authors: Gramz Mohamed , Batchi Mouhcine , Ouiaboub Lahcen , Mettouchi Mehdi , El Bouziani Jamal , Azagane Moulay Hichame , El Abbassi Mariam
Published: January 2025

The water potential situation in Morocco has a particularity, especially with the specific context climatic characterised by the dominance of aridity in several parts of the country, of which the Cherrat watershed in the northwest of the central plateau, which requires the preservation of water resources. With this in mind, the aim of this research is to highlight the surface water situation, in particular using a cartographic approach, in order to provide decision-makers with a vision of the surface water situation in the target area and to help them take the necessary and appropriate measures for equitable management, focusing on water sustainability. The results obtained from the use of satellite images and their processing through a geographic information system (GIS) demonstrate that the surface area of water increased from 0.6 ha to 6 ha between 1999 and 2009, but decreased to 4 ha by 2019. By 2023, there will also be an astounding 55 ha increase.
Satellite-Driven Hydrological Modelling in Ungauged Moroccan bassins: Case study Ouzoud river
Authors: Zilali Abdessamad , Larabi Abdelkader , Ajdor Youssef
Published: January 2025

Predicting streamflow is vital for flash-flood early warning systems and managing water resources under climate change. However, limited streamflow observations restrict advanced prediction techniques to gauged basins, leaving most of the world's ungauged basins at a disadvantage. Developing reliable prediction methods for ungauged basins (PUB) is therefore essential. Over the past two decades, satellite-driven products, such as ERA5, have become crucial for enhancing precipitation and meteorological measurements, especially in complex terrains and changing climatic conditions. This study focuses on Morocco's arid and semi-arid regions, where water resource management is critical for agriculture, urbanization, and economic stability. Using the ERA5 dataset, which provides high-resolution atmospheric information, the study evaluates satellite-derived precipitation against ground measurements from the Sgatt station at Bernat River on daily timescales. Various statistical metrics assess ERA5's performance in representing daily precipitation and its integration into the GR4J-CemaNeige model for flow simulation. Results highlight the potential of ERA5 in improving rainfall representation and hydrological modelling in ungauged basins, verifying its effectiveness in simulating rainfall events compared to ground-based observations. This work underscores the importance of satellite-driven products for enhancing hydrological predictions and supporting water management in data-scarce regions.
The role of local energy communities to reduce carbon emissions in the urban built environment
Authors: Stanescu Ionut , Manolescu Anca , Croitoru Cristiana
Published: January 2025

In recent years, a rapid increase in the adoption of renewable energy sources and in the transition from a centralized electricity generation system to an increasingly distributed one has occurred. Within this scenario, in line with the European directives for achieving the objectives in the field of energy transition and climate change, energy communities are seen as potential contributors. [1] The article is analyzing the role of energy communities in combating climate change and transitioning to a low-carbon economy. These communities significantly contribute to reducing carbon emissions by replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Community-managed projects reduce energy consumption and promote sustainable practices through awareness programs and investments in energy savings. Technical, financial, and social innovations are essential for an efficient transition to sustainable energy. Rising energy costs highlight the instability of the current system and the need to transition to renewable sources. EU legislation adopted in 2019 supports these initiatives, facilitating the co-production and distribution of renewable energy.
Numerical study of a horizontal shower water heat recovery system
Authors: Purghel Dragoș , Teodosiu Cătălin Ioan
Published: January 2025

The objective of this work is to numerically study the performance of a drain water heat recovery (DWHR) device prototype intended for small shower trays. The numerical model is based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. The simulations were performed for unbalanced and balanced configurations in terms of waste water flow rate and cold water flow rate. The results achieved show that the thermal effectiveness of the proposed DWHR system is between 15-27% and the Number of Transfer Units (NTU) is among 17-37%, with higher values for the unbalanced configuration. Based on these values, it can be concluded that the designed DWHR unit leads to satisfactory results considering cost-effectiveness reasons and maintenance.
In-building direct wastewater heat recovery solutions for enhancing thermal efficiency in domestic hot water systems
Authors: Balan Mircea , Sandu Mihnea , Bode Florin
Published: January 2025

Enhancing energy efficiency in buildings is necessary for reducing environmental impact and operational costs, with domestic hot water (DHW) systems accounting for a significant portion of residential energy consumption. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of in-building direct wastewater heat recovery (WHR) systems as a means to improve thermal efficiency in DHW systems. Various direct WHR technologies are explored, focusing on vertical and horizontal heat exchangers, detailing their design, operation, and efficiency. The study analyses factors influencing the performance of these systems, including heat exchanger design, temperature differentials, flow rates, and maintenance requirements. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the practical applications and energy savings potential of WHR systems in residential and commercial buildings. Despite the clear benefits, challenges such as installation complexity, maintenance needs, usage patterns, and initial costs hinder widespread adoption. Retrofitting existing buildings poses significant hurdles due to space constraints and plumbing modifications, while maintenance is essential to prevent efficiency losses from fouling. The effectiveness of WHR systems is also influenced by the synchronization of hot water usage and wastewater production, which can be intermittent in residential settings. Economic considerations, particularly the upfront investment, can deter stakeholders despite favourable long-term returns.
Foundation of industrial floors on improved soils
Authors: Guran Stefan , Popa Horatiu
Published: January 2025

The floor slabs are structures placed directly on ground, with large dimensions in X and Y directions generated by storage space requirements. The proposed paper presents a brief analysis of the foundation of industrial floors on improved soils so that to provide an adequate wearing surface with acceptable deformations and rotations, on which operations can be performed efficiently and safely. The choice of the foundation type depends both on the nature of the subgrade, but also on the size of the loads at the level of the floor slab and on the imposed limits in terms of allowable settlements. All these criteria lead to the correct choice of the floor slab foundation system.
Automated music therapy for anxiety and depression management in older people (AMITY)
Authors: Faizan Malik , White P.J. , Dey Indrakshi
Published: January 2025

The onset of old age is often accompanied by various physiological and mental changes, with anxiety and depression being prevalent mental health disorders that can exacerbate other medical conditions and significantly reduce life expectancy. Despite the growing need for effective treatment, the global shortage of mental health professionals, coupled with an ageing population and limited public awareness, has resulted in these disorders frequently going undiagnosed and untreated. Music therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for addressing the psychological, emotional, and cognitive needs of individuals, particularly older people. This paper proposes a novel approach for real-time monitoring of anxiety and depression symptoms using low-complexity body sensors. By employing automated, personalised music therapy based on the collected data, this system offers a scalable solution to enhance mental health care accessibility. It reduces the reliance on mental health professionals while providing tailored therapeutic interventions, thereby contributing to improved mental well-being and addressing the gap in mental health care services for the elderly population.
The Impact of Intercultural Perspectives on Environmental Ethics
Authors: Molotokienė Ernesta
Published: January 2025

Intercultural environmental ethics is one of the most recent research projects to analyze a wide range of ethical issues arising from the multidisciplinary perspective of societies and cultures. Intercultural environmental ethics seeks to identify the existing different cultural, value beliefs, to define universal environmental ethical principles. Different cultures disagree on common universal moral decisions because they are based on unique worldviews and value systems, and there is no universally accepted epistemically sound way to resolve such moral disagreements. The question is, what are the basic assumptions underpinning the impact of intercultural ethics that would enable the common development and application of a system of universal environmental ethical principles in different regions and cultures of the world? The article hypothesizes that a synthesis of classical Aristotelian virtue ethics, Confucian ethics, and African ubuntu philosophical ethics could underpin intercultural ethics, embodying the universal environmental ethical values of Western and Eastern cultures in intercultural environmental ethics theory.
Assessment of Frost Depth in Romania
Authors: Arion Cristian , Vacareanu Radu , Aldea Alexandru , Arion Andrei , Pavel Florin
Published: January 2025

The study of severe climate and weather conditions has accelerated in recent decades, partly due to political engagement. However, historical climate monitoring data has not received sufficient attention. Reliable assessments of the maximum extent of soil freezing are crucial for determining construction costs and building foundations. Structural designers also require reliable local meteorological data. This study presents calculations of these parameters for Cluj Napoca city. For instance, a revised frost depth map for Romania is necessary due to recent climate studies indicating a rise in both regional and global surface temperatures, with the most notable warming for the previous thirty years. The findings from this investigation could help reduce frost-related disasters and inform policies and measures for adapting geotechnical and structural designs in Romania.
The importance and challenges of data collection in risk assessment
Authors: Xekalakis Georgios , Fokaides Paris , Christou Petros
Published: January 2025

Reliable data collection is paramount for assessing and mitigating risks posed by natural hazards and climate change to urban sustainability and resilience. This study underscores the significance of diverse data collection methods, including field surveys, artificial intelligence (AI) analysis, and satellite imagery, each essential for developing robust risk assessment frameworks. Field surveys offer detailed insights into structural and non-structural building components, critical for localized risk assessments. AI enhances data processing efficiency, crucial for handling extensive datasets and enabling rapid response capabilities. Satellite imagery provides comprehensive area coverage, invaluable for strategic planning and emergency management in large or inaccessible areas. However, these methods also present unique challenges. Field surveys are resource-intensive and susceptible to environmental conditions, which can affect data accuracy. AI, while efficient, requires high-quality data and may struggle with complex scenarios that deviate from its training data. Satellite imagery, although broad-reaching, may lack the necessary resolution for detailed assessments and is dependent on weather conditions. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensuring the integrity and reliability of risk assessments. By continuously refining these methods and maintaining high standards for data quality and ethical considerations, we can better prepare for and mitigate the impacts of natural hazards and climate change. This commitment to advancing data collection techniques is essential for protecting our built environments and ensuring community resilience.
The integration of geospatial analyses based on AI in GIS in the context of the “15-minute city” concept
Authors: Grădinaru Anca Patricia , Badea Ana-Cornelia , Ene Anca , Badea Gheorghe
Published: January 2025

The “15-minute city” concept is an urban planning model that aims to ensure all essential services are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride in order to reduce the reliance on cars and to offer a sustainable approach to urban living, contributing to the achievement of green and inclusive smart cities. AI (Artificial Intelligence) tools can provide the means to obtain a quick and efficient response in analysing urban geospatial data and can make data analysis a process available even for non-specialist users. Integrating AI-driven geospatial analysis in GIS can significantly enhance the planning and implementation of this concept, by providing precise, real-time data and predictive insights. The aim of this article is to analyse the possibilities of geospatial data management and analysis using AI tools, within the context of the “15-minute city”, to contribute to the process of obtaining green and inclusive smart cities.
Analysis of energy consumption for neutralization of the wastewater treatment plants sludge
Authors: Ion Nicolae , Mihăescu Lucian , Ionescu Gabriela , Pop Elena , Negreanu Gabriel Paul , Safta Carmen Anca
Published: January 2025

Starting from the concept of a circular economy applied to wastewater treatment plants, the present work aims to find a method to neutralize the sludge from the wastewater treatment technological cycle. It is thus proposed to dry the sludge in a rotary drum installation. The fuel used is natural gas and its consumption required for sludge drying is determined. The fuel consumption analysis is determined for different quantities of sludge that resulted in the technological process of wastewater treatment. The waste sludge has different moisture contents. Also, the analysis is done with and without the presence of volatiles in the waste sludge composition.
Between opportunity and reality – bicycle path in promoting safe and eco-friendly urban mobility: A case study of Cugir city
Authors: Fechete-Tutunaru Lucian V. , Gaspar Ferenc , Deac Teodora , Filip Nicolae
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the critical role of bicycle paths in promoting safe and eco-friendly urban mobility using Cugir City, Romania, as a case study. This study analyzes the existing cycling infrastructure, traffic patterns, and public perception of cycling to identify opportunities and challenges in fostering a modal shift towards sustainable transportation. By examining the impact of bicycle paths on safety, traffic flow, and environmental sustainability, this study proposed strategic interventions to enhance Cugir’s cycling network and promote cycling as a viable mode of transport. The findings highlight the importance of continued investment in high-quality cycling infrastructure, traffic calming measures, and public awareness campaigns to create a bicycle-friendly and sustainable urban environment. The study concludes by positioning Cugir as a potential model for other cities seeking to embrace eco-mobility and enhance the quality of life of their residents.
Life Cycle Analysis in the Context of Smart Cities
Authors: Berville Charles , Croitoru Cristiana , Bode Florin
Published: January 2025

The transformation of urban areas into smart cities integrates advanced technologies to enhance efficiency, sustainability and liveability. In this study, we employed a systematic literature review methodology to assess the environmental impacts of smart city initiatives. We applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies and conducted a qualitative content analysis to extract and synthesize key findings related to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and sustainability in the context of smart cities. Key benefits of smart cities include improved energy efficiency through smart grids and energy-efficient buildings, reduced emissions from smart transportation and electric vehicles, optimized water and waste management and data-driven urban planning. While smart cities rely on ICT for enhanced efficiency, data collection and processing must be done responsibly to limit the environmental impact of data centers and network infrastructure. This can be achieved through edge computing, energy-efficient data centers, and policies that promote digital sobriety. However, challenges such as the high energy use of ICT infrastructure, electronic waste, construction impacts, data privacy, cybersecurity risks and the digital divide are significant. Strategies to mitigate these include integrating sobriety, promoting a circular economy, stakeholder engagement and robust policy frameworks.
Identification of a new fish trypanosome from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and description of its impact on host pathology, blood biochemical parameters and immune responses
Authors: Yang Xiaoao , Qi Pengzhi , Tao Zhen , Zhang Qingwei , Wang Yanjie , Zhu Denghui , Yan Xiaojun , Fu Peipei , Guo Baoying
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to clarify the taxonomic identification of a hemoflagellate and assess the effect of trypanosome infection on Larimichthys crocea. Giemsa staining showed the presence of three morphotypes of trypomastigotes. The trypanosomes had the following morphological characteristics: a slender body with a long flagellum at the front; body size 12.30–30.90 × 1.13–2.33 μm; elongated oval nucleus situated in the median region; kinetoplast small, oval, located at the posterior end. The parasite had significant morphological differences from Trypanosoma epinepheli Su, Feng, Jiang, Guo, Liu & Xu, 2014 and Trypanosoma carassii (Mitrofanov) Doflein, 1901. The 18S rDNA sequences of the trypanosome from L. crocea had the highest homology (98.4%) with T. carassii. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the parasite clustered with freshwater fish trypanosomes. Based on the differences in morphological characteristics and molecular data, it is considered a new species, Trypanosoma larimichthysi n. sp. Trypanosome infection had no effect on the growth of L. crocea, but significantly increased the concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and induced pathological changes in the gills, liver, spleen and kidney. The pro-inflammatory immune genes, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, CXCL8 and iNOS, were significantly upregulated in the L. crocea infected with trypanosomes. These results suggest that the trypanosome has negative impacts on host health.
Challenges and opportunities of vaccination during pregnancy: perspectives of 20 healthcare professionals
Authors: Razai Mohammad S. , Hargreaves Sally , Oakeshott Pippa
Published: January 2025

Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial due to increased maternal vulnerability to infectious diseases. However, uptake of recommended vaccines (influenza, pertussis, COVID-19) remains suboptimal, particularly among disadvantaged groups. This qualitative study explored healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) perspectives, selected purposively, on factors influencing maternal vaccination in London. Data from a workshop transcript and an online quality improvement survey involving 15 GPs, two midwives, two obstetricians and one pharmacist were thematically analysed. HCPs highlighted that pregnant women perceive the benefits of pertussis vaccination more positively than other vaccines. Clear, consistent communication and integrating vaccinations into routine antenatal care were identified as essential for improving accessibility and convenience. The critical role of midwives influencing vaccination decisions was emphasised. While recognising the potential of AI-based technologies to disseminate vaccine information, concerns were raised about trust, digital literacy and information quality, highlighting the need for tailored, reliable strategies to boost maternal vaccination rates and improve health outcomes.
Linear mechanism of excitation of temperature oscillations in a metal under anomalous skin effect
Authors: Kaganov M. I. , Kontreras P. , Polanko A.
Published: January 2025

The amplitude of a temperature wave excited in a metal single crystal by an electromagnetic wave incident on its surface under the conditions of anomalous skin effect is calculated. Formulas for the normal skin effect are presented for comparison. It is shown that, for an isothermal boundary, the temperature distribution does not depend on the ratio l/δE (l is the electron mean free path and δE is the skin depth), i.e., it coincides with the temperature distribution for the normal skin effect.
On the spectral properties of the uniaxially anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian
Authors: Krasovsky I. V.
Published: January 2025

The uniaxially anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian H is considered, which describes a simple lattice of spins and incorporates first-nearest, ..., m-nearest neighbor interactions under the condition that Jjαj ⩾ 0, j = l, ..., m, where Jj, αj are the exchange and anisotropy constants of the j-the shell of neighbors, respectively. It is proved that there are no bound states in the two-magnon space above the band of the continuous spectrum of H and, for the XY model, there are no two-magnon bound states at all.
Reflection of IR radiation at a strongly absorbing layer of tiny metallic particles
Authors: Blank A. Ya. , Sharshanov A. Ya.
Published: January 2025

The coefficient of reflection of IR radiation at a thin layer (having thickness of the order of λ, the wavelength in vacuum) of tiny metal particles is calculated. It was shown earlier that such a layer with a low density of particles practically completely absorbs all the radiation incident on it over a wide range of IR wavelengths. The effect is associated with the penetration of an alternating field into a quasimetallic highly disperse medium, and is caused by resonance excitation of surface electromagnetic waves in nonspherical metallic particles. The reflection of the incident radiation at the layer is found to be small according to the parameter σs/σa, where σs and σa are the scattering and absorption cross-section, respectively for an individual particle. The reflection coefficient is (V/λ3)·|ε| in order of magnitude, where V is the volume of a particle and ε the permittivity of the metal. For a typical experimental situation, the reflection is not more than a few percent of the incident radiation.
Electronic structure of metal nanocrystals containing disclinations
Authors: Natsik V. D. , Smirnov S. N.
Published: January 2025

The spatial distribution of conduction electrons and the energy spectrum of a single electron are investigated in a cylindrical metal sample of nanometer dimensions containing a straight wedge disclination running along the axis of the cylinder. It is shown that the strain field of the disclination causes some of the conduction electrons to become localized around the disclination line (positive disclination) or near the lateral surface of the cylinder (negative disclination). The size-quantized spectrum of localized electronic states differs significantly from the equidistant electron spectrum obtained without the disclination. The feasibility of detecting disclinations experimentally in particles of a metal powder in the investigation of its specific heat and its x-ray emission and photoemission spectra is discussed.
Structure and properties of solid parahydrogen-neon mixtures: influence of orthohydrogen and deuterium impurities
Authors: Baryl’nik A. S. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Shcherbakov G. N.
Published: January 2025

X-ray studies are performed on polycrystalline samples of mixtures of parahydrogen, orthodeuterium, and their normal modifications with neon over a wide range of concentrations and temperatures. The presence of an additional hcp phase having a lattice volume somewhat (0.5–0.7%) larger than the lattice volume of pure Ne is observed in all the systems except hexagonal and cubic mixtures with basic hydrogen-isotope and neon lattices. This new hexagonal phase is metastable and, when heated to premelting temperatures for hydrogen or deuterium, decomposes into the phases of the pure components. The additional hcp phase observed in the investigated systems is assumed to be formed by van der Waals complexes of the type Ne(H2)n or Ne(D2)n. The lattice parameters and molar volumes of the mixtures are determined. It is shown that impurities of hydrogen molecules with J = 1 have a weak influence on the miscibility and structural characteristics of the phases.
Acoustic analog of the giant magnetoresistance effect in multilayered metal films
Authors: Okulov V. I. , Ustinov V. V. , Pamyatnykh E. A. , Masharova I. S.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the mechanisms of the giant magnetoresistance effect observed in multilayered magnetic metal films can be manifested in absorption of long-wave ultrasound penetrating a film. Electron absorption of ultrasound in thin layers is mainly due to electron scattering at the boundaries. The form of correlation of the magnetic-field dependences of magnetoresistance and absorption coefficient is determined by the mechanism of the effect in a given film.
Low-frequency charge density excitations and high-T
c superconductivity in cuprate metal-oxide compounds. I. The HTS problem prior to the discovery of high-T
c superconductors: predictions and premises (review)
Authors: Pashitskiĭ È. A.
Published: January 2025

In this review, the history of evolution and the modem state-of-the-art of the experimental and theoretical aspects of high-Tc superconductivity are analyzed critically. The possibility of describing anomalous properties of HTS materials in normal as well as superconducting state by using the conventional methods of the modern theory of solids based on Cooper pairing of charge carriers with regard to possible nonphonon mechanisms of electron–electron interaction is considered.
New modes of edge magnetoplasma oscillations in an electron system over liquid helium
Authors: Kirichek O. I. , Berkutov I. B. , Kovdrya Yu. Z. , Grigor’ev V. N.
Published: January 2025

The characteristics of a new mode of edge magnetoplasma oscillations, or edge magnetoplasmons (EMP) in a surface electron (SE) layer over superfluid helium are studied. The experiments are carried out in an experimental cell of rectangular geometry in the temperature range 0.4–1.6 K at frequencies 1.5–5 MHz and electron concentration 2 · 108 cm−2 in magnetic fields up to 0.15 T. A detailed analysis of the obtained results is carried out on the basis of the phase calculated for a signal which passes through the cell upon the excitation of EMP. It is shown that the frequencies of the new mode [see O. I. Kirichek, P. K. H. Sommerfeld, Yu. P. Monarkha et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1190 (1995)], are lower than the frequencies of conventional edge magnetoplasmons by a factor of three–four, and the magnetic field dependence of frequency has the form ω ∝ 1/B and coincides with the corresponding dependence for conventional EMP. The positions of resonances of the new mode are in good agreement with the Monarkha theoretical model describing the antiphase oscillations of electron sheet boundary and electron density in EMP.
Interaction of nonequilibrium phonons with an internal (twin) boundary in bismuth
Authors: Krasovitskiĭ Vit. B. , Bengus S. V.
Published: January 2025

The mechanism of interaction of nonequilibrium phonons generated in a Bi single crystal under nonlinear conductivity conditions (Esaki effect) with the boundaries of twin layers is studied. The current-voltage characteristics and nonlinear response signals are investigated experimentally at liquid helium temperature and at the temperature of pumping out liquid hydrogen vapor. It is found that the time τx of a nonstationary process occurring in the sample when the magnetic field vector is oriented nearly along the twinning plane is an order of magnitude greater than the characteristic time of stabilization of nonequilibrium phonons. The dependences of τx on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field, temperature, and current are measured. The twin layer is regarded as the inner boundary in the sample, at which diffusive static skin effect is realized. Experimental results can be interpreted under certain assumptions that are difficult to substantiate convincingly (e.g., the assumption concerning the anomalously high probability of absorption of nonequilibrium phonons in the skin layer). Nevertheless, the proposed model of the observed phenomenon makes it possible to describe the nonstationary process itself, i.e., all the singularities in a complex response signal, as well as the dependence of the process on extrinsic parameters (current, magnetic field, and temperature).
Antiferromagnetic resonance in (NH3)2(CH2)3CuCI4 in magnetic fields exceeding exchange fields
Authors: Stepanov A. A. , Kobets M. I. , Pashchenko V. A.
Published: January 2025

The magnetic and resonant properties of the quasi-two-dimensional magnet (NH3)2(CH2)3CuCI4 are studied in strong fields. A low-frequency AFMR branch (spin-flip resonance) detected in fields exceeding the field of exchange interaction is attributed to the Dzyaloshinskii interaction.
Microwave impedance of epitaxial high-temperature superconducting films
Authors: Melkov G. A. , Malyshev V. Yu. , Bagada A. V.
Published: January 2025

The changes in the surface resistance of HTS epitaxial films are measured as functions of constant and varying magnetic fields in the X-band (9.4 GHz). The YBa2Cu3O7–δ films on a sapphire substrate have been investigated. It is found that the varying magnetic field produces a much stronger effect on the surface resistance than the constant field. The experimental results are explained by assuming that the HTS film is not an ideal superconductor and is formed by series-connected sections of different types: perfectly superconducting sections, sections with low- and high-resistivity Josephson junctions shunted by an ideal superconductor, and finally a small number (for epitaxial films) of sections with intergranular Josephson junctions. Under these conditions, the dependence of the surface resistance on the constant magnetic field is determined by Abrikosov vortices moving in the sections of ideal superconductor, while the dependence on the varying magnetic field amplitude is due to switching of high-resistance contacts to the low-resistance state.
Peculiarities of structure and mechanical properties of vanadium after heavy low-temperature drawing deformation
Authors: Aksenov V. K. , Volchok O. I. , Mats A. V. , Starodubov Ya. D.
Published: January 2025

The changes in the structure and mechanical properties of polycrystalline vanadium after drawing deformation (including the application of ultrasound) up to 98% at 77 and 300 K are studied and analyzed. It is found that a decrease in the deformation temperature leads to retardation of mass fragmentation of the material along with a considerable increase in the degree of structure imperfection. As a result, the regions of uniform distribution of dislocations are observed up to 90% compression. Possible evolution of this type of structure is considered. It is assumed that the highest dislocation density attainable in the process of deformation is two orders of magnitude lower than the theoretical estimate even under the most favorable conditions for preserving this structure. Continuous disorientations induced in the structure by smeared dislocation piles of the same sign do not exceed 5°. The correlation between structure parameters and observed peculiarities in mechanical properties is analyzed.
Photodissociation of HCO radical via Ã2 A″ state: Accurate determination of bond dissociation energy D0(H–CO)
Authors: Sun Ge , Qin Yuan , Zheng Xianfeng , Song Yu , Zhang Jingsong
Published: January 2025

The photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled HCO radical was investigated in the region of 490 nm to 715 nm using the H-atom high-n Rydberg time-of-flight (HRTOF) technique. The CO product rovibrational state populations are well resolved in the H + CO product translational energy distributions, and an accurate H–C bond dissociation energy D0(H–CO) = 5086 ± 5 cm−1 is obtained.
An Abramov-Rokhlin type theorem for induced topological pressure
Authors: Rahimi M. , Ghodrati A.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we define a new type of induced pressure for a family of continuous dynamical systems, parameterized by a probability space and controlled by a noise map. Then we connect this new quantity to the induced pressure of the skew product and the topological entropy of the noise map. This connection may be considered as a topological version of the Abramov-Rokhlin theorem for induced pressure. We also present a variational principle.
Synchronization of a Kuramoto type model in a dynamic network
Authors: Jin Chunyin , Wu Yang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study the synchronization behavior of identical Kuramoto oscillators in a dynamic network. Our model is a variant of the classical Kuramoto model. Using the spectral gap of a connected stochastic matrix, we present a sufficient framework for synchronization in terms of initial data and model parameters. Moreover, we show that the system achieves a synchronous state at an exponential rate.
Range anxiety and willingness to pay: Psychological insights for electric vehicle
Authors: Pei Mingyang , Huang Zikang , Zhang Zhou , Wang Ke , Ye Xin
Published: January 2025

To understand drivers' perspectives and address barriers to the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), this study primarily delves into two significant psychological aspects: range anxiety and willingness to pay (WTP) for charging among EV drivers. The Technology Acceptance Model and Expectation Confirmation Model are integrated to capture motivations that influence EV acceptance. Based on a sample of 677 Chinese EV users, the study reveals that user satisfaction and perceived ease of use play a critical role in mitigating range anxiety. Both external (satisfaction, perceived ease of use) and internal (range anxiety, charging habits, risk-averse attitude) motives are key determinants in increasing the WTP for charging. Among these, improvements in user satisfaction exert the most significant impact on reducing range anxiety and enhancing WTP for charging. Furthermore, the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model was employed to examine the effects of socioeconomic attributes on latent psychological factors. The findings highlight the importance of adopting customer-centered strategies in the formulation of policy interventions.
A structural analysis of ordered Cs3Sb films grown on single crystal graphene and silicon carbide substrates
Authors: Pennington C. A. , Gaowei M. , Echeverria E. M. , Evans-Lutterodt K. , Galdi A. , Juffmann T. , Karkare S. , Maxson J. , van der Molen S. J. , Saha P. , Smedley J. , Stam W. G. , Tromp R. M.
Published: January 2025

Alkali antimonides are well established as high efficiency, low intrinsic emittance photocathodes for accelerators and photon detectors. However, conventionally grown alkali antimonide films are polycrystalline with surface disorder and roughness that can limit achievable beam brightness. Ordering the crystalline structure of alkali antimonides has the potential to deliver higher brightness electron beams by reducing surface disorder and enabling the engineering of material properties at the level of atomic layers. In this report, we demonstrate the growth of ordered Cs3Sb films on single crystal substrates 3C-SiC and graphene-coated 4H-SiC using pulsed laser deposition and conventional thermal evaporation growth techniques. The crystalline structures of the Cs3Sb films were examined using reflection high energy electron diffraction and x-ray diffraction diagnostics, while film thickness and roughness estimates were made using x-ray reflectivity. With these tools, we observed ordered domains in less than 10 nm thick films with quantum efficiencies greater than 1% at 530 nm. Moreover, we identify structural features such as Laue oscillations indicative of highly ordered films. We found that Cs3Sb films grew with flat, fiber-textured surfaces on 3C-SiC and with multiple ordered domains and sub-nanometer surface roughness on graphene-coated 4H-SiC under our growth conditions. We identify the crystallographic orientations of Cs3Sb grown on graphene-coated 4H-SiC substrates and discuss the significance of examining the crystal structure of these films for growing epitaxial heterostructures in future experiments.
Game-based resource allocation in heterogeneous downlink CR-NOMA network without subchannel sharing
Authors: Das Deepa , Khadanga Rajendra Kumar , Rout Deepak Kumar , Islam Md. Minarul , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: January 2025

This paper explores how to manage resources in a two-tier, diverse cognitive radio network using a sophisticated technique called non-orthogonal multiple access. In this setup, secondary base stations (BSs), equipped with cognitive capabilities, act as bridges between the main BS and the secondary users (SUs). The main goal is to maximize the throughput of the secondary network by efficiently relaying information to capable SUs without the knowledge of their channel characteristics. To achieve this, we set out to solve a complex problem involving maximizing throughput while staying within transmission power limits, meeting minimum data rate requirements, and controlling interference power. Our approach introduces a new SU clustering method based on fuzzy logic, paired with a hierarchical learning method inspired by the well-known UCB1 algorithm to allocate power effectively to these clusters. We frame this joint optimization of SU cluster formation and power allocation as a cooperative multi-armed bandit game. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. We also explore how different parameters affect the performance of the system, shedding light on the intricate workings of this network architecture.
Pulse power supply based on Marx-pulse transformer hybrid architecture with MOSFET-resistor-diode magnetic reset control method for dielectric barrier discharge application
Authors: Zou Caiyong , Jiang Yunfeng , Zhao Yajun , Jin Shanshan , Fang Zhi
Published: January 2025

Nanosecond pulse power has many driving advantages in the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) application field, including better discharge effect, higher discharge efficiency, and lower electrode temperature. A high-voltage pulse voltage power supply (HV-PVPS) with a multi-turn ratio linear pulse transformer (PT) based on Marx circuit and PT topologies are suitable for most DBD plasma applications with fewer expansion modules, lower cost, smaller volume, and higher reliability comparing with the all-solid-state Marx nanosecond pulse power supply. However, during the process of DBD driven by an HV-PVPS based on Marx and PT topologies, the PT is prone to magnetic core saturation, which limits the application for DBD. This paper proposes a novel MOSFET-resistor-diode (MRD) reset method based on the Marx switching control logic to solve the problem. Not only can this novel method solve the problem of magnetic core saturation but also can improve some critical parameters of the plasma discharge so that it enhances the strength of the discharge and augments the number of charged particles in the discharge space. This paper establishes a multi-module Marx-PT system model with an MRD magnetic reset branch. It proposes a control method for the model to improve the performance and efficiency of the system. Finally, a 15 kV HV-PVPS prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MRD PT magnetic reset method. The average pulse power output of the whole prototype is greatly improved, and it can achieve an average pulse power output of 400 W. Furthermore, the electrode loads of different DBD reactors can be driven well.
The XCL1–XCR1 axis supports intestinal tissue residency and antitumor immunity
Authors: Ferry Amir , Mempel Kianoosh M. , Monell Alexander , Reina-Campos Miguel , Scharping Nicole E. , Heeg Maximilian , Takehara Kennidy K. , Schokrpur Shiruyeh , Kuo Ning , Saddawi-Konefka Robert , Gutkind J. Silvio , Goldrath Ananda W.
Published: January 2025

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) provide frontline protection against pathogens and emerging malignancies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with TRM features are associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, the cellular interactions that program TRM differentiation and function are not well understood. Using murine genetic models and targeted spatial transcriptomics, we found that the CD8+ T cell–derived chemokine XCL1 is critical for TRM formation and conventional DC1 (cDC1) supported the positioning of intestinal CD8+ T cells during acute viral infection. In tumors, enforced Xcl1 expression by antigen-specific CD8+ T cells promoted intratumoral cDC1 accumulation and T cell persistence, leading to improved overall survival. Notably, analysis of human TIL and TRM revealed conserved expression of XCL1 and XCL2. Thus, we have shown that the XCL1–XCR1 axis plays a non-cell autonomous role in guiding intestinal CD8+ TRM spatial differentiation and tumor control.