bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of giomer’s preheating on fluoride release
Authors: Winanto Muthiary Nitzschia Nur Iswary , Dwiandhono Irfan , Logamarta Setiadi Warata , Satrio Rinawati , Kurniawan Aris Aji
Published: October 2022

Background: Secondary caries occur due to imperfect plaque control. Prolong the protective and therapeutic effects can be done with restorative materials that release fluoride. Now composite resins have been developed a new restorative hybrid material with new matrix component, namely giomer. Giomer composition containing surface pre reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) as a major source of fluoride production. Increasing the mechanical strength and minimize microleakage to prevent secondary caries can be done with preheating treatment. Purpose: This study is conducted to determine the effect of preheating temperature on the release of giomer’s fluoride. Methods: This study used 9 cylindrical samples in 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness each group, divided into 3 groups and 3 subgroups. Group 1: preheating at 37°C for 30 minutes. Group 2: preheating at 60°C for 30 minutes. Group 3: as a control group (without preheating treatment). Each group divided into 3 subgroups immersion, on day 1, day 7 and day 14 with artificial saliva. Fluoride release test was conducted by Spectrophotometer. IBM's SPSS Statistics used for the Data analysis. Results: The addition of preheating treatment decrease the amount of fluoride release. One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). A significant difference between groups and sub groups showed in LSD test (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The group without preheating treatment has highest fluoride release and the 60°C preheating treatment group was the lowest. Addition of preheating treatment may increase the mechanical strength and minimize microleakage, but also descrease the amount of fluoride release.
Management of impacted maxillary canine with surgical exposure and alignment by orthodontic treatment
Authors: Syahdinda Meralda Rossy , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Triwardhani Ari , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Background: Maxillary canines play a critical point in creating an aesthetic smile as they support the part of facial muscle. Canines are also the second most frequently impacted teeth after the third molars. In some cases, it is possible to retract canines into their correct position by orthodontics treatment. Purpose: This article highlighted a treatment option with surgical exposure, in which a maxillary canine was impacted. It presented gradual steps from pre-surgical to post-surgical orthodontic treatment. Case: A 16 years old female patient referred to Orthodontic Department by Oral Surgeon for pre-surgical orthodontic treatment of her impacted maxillary canine. Case Management: After pre-surgical orthodontic treatment, the impacted canine was surgically exposed by closed technique since open surgical exposure might need excessive removal of the surrounding bone. Traction was given through a gold chain which attached to the palatal surface of the impacted canine. The tooth was ideally positioned with fixed orthodontic appliances. The permanent right maxillary canine was successfully positioned into proper alignment with the remaining teeth. Aesthetic smile was improved. Conclusion: Malocclusion with impacted canine was successfully treated with MBT orthodontic prescription combined with gold chain that can retract the impacted canine into its physiological position and the patient was satisfied with the aesthetic result.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Menyusun Modul Pembelajaran Berbasis Aktivitas Melalui Kegiatan Pendampingan di SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Yogyakarta
Authors: Wuryandani Wuri , Hidayah Ratna , Rahmanto Agung
Published: October 2022

Utilizing learning materials that meet the requirements with the content of activities in learning activities is a form of teacher's efforts to create learning that actively develops student development. One form of teaching material that teachers can use is an activity-based learning module. The mentoring activity for the preparation of activity-based learning modules aims to improve the ability of teachers to develop activity-based modules as mentoring teaching materials for students at SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Yogyakarta. The number of teachers who participated in this activity was 92 teachers. Activities are carried out through several stages, namely activity-based learning module workshops, assistance in the preparation of activity-based learning modules, and evaluation of the results of activity-based learning module preparation. Based on the data obtained after participating in mentoring activities, they are in an outstanding category, where as many as 122 activity-based learning modules are declared feasible. The learning modules prepared by the teachers have been implemented in learning activities for the odd and even semesters of the 2021/2022 school year.
Use of Small Joint Arthroscopy for Diagnosis and Treatment of a First Metatarsal Head Osteochondral Defect
Authors: Casciato Dominick , Zulauf Emily , Steginsky Brian
Published: October 2022

Case:

A case of a painful first metatarsophalangeal joint in a 28-year-old woman is reported. Clinical examination and imaging were suspicious for osteochondral lesion of the first metatarsal head. A 1.9-mm arthroscope was used for diagnosis and treatment of an osteochondral defect with microfracture and dehydrated, micronized allogenic cartilage application with an excellent postoperative outcome.

Conclusion:

From the 3-month through 1-year follow-up, the patient continued a pain-free return to normal function. This case suggests that arthroscopy is as a viable approach to resurfacing osteochondral lesions of the big toe joint.
Free Vascularized Fibular Flap with Bilateral Bipolar Latissimus Transfer for Upper Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Dabestani Parinaz J. , Ramsey Matthew D. , Chappell Ava G. , Fracol Megan E. , Stover Michael D. , Ko Jason H.
Published: October 2022

Case:

A 19-year-old woman presented with bilateral mangled upper extremities after jumping in front of a moving train. After revascularization, osteocutaneous free vascularized fibula flap was performed to reconstruct the right humerus. The left forearm required transradial amputation with acute targeted muscle reinnervation. Finally, staged bilateral bipolar latissimus dorsi functional muscle flaps were performed to restore elbow flexion.

Conclusion:

Staged orthoplastic reconstruction of the upper extremities is an effective treatment approach for traumatic bone and soft-tissue defects. This patient’s recovery demonstrates improved quality of life after severe upper extremity trauma.
Calcific Tendinitis of the Longus Colli Muscle in a Pediatric Patient With Acquired Torticollis
Authors: Yung Anthony , Aryee Jomar , Flacco John , Ishmael Terrence G.
Published: October 2022

Case:

We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli (ACTLC) muscle causing torticollis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle in a pediatric patient.

Conclusion:

ACTLC is an unusual cause of painful torticollis in the pediatric population. Our report will help guide clinicians who may encounter this pathology in their practice.
Oral Colonization by Entamoeba gingivalis in the Biofilm and Saliva from Patients with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Salman Khawlah Abdallah
Published: October 2022

Background: In addition to human cells, healthy gums contain a variety of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that may contribute to unhealthy sites. The effect of pathogens lysis or other immune cell lysis needs to be clarified in order to expand the current pathophysiological pattern of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of E. gingivalis among patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals in order to support public health action. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the incidence rate and some parameters, such as patient age and gender. Methods and Results: This study enrolled 51 subjects divided into two groups: The case group involved 31 patients (15 females and 16 males) with periodontal disease; the control group included 20 people (10 females and 10 males) with healthy oral cavities. Biofilm and saliva samples were collected and examined for the presence of E. gingivalis. A total of 22(71.0%) patients of various ages with periodontal disease were infected with E. gingivalis. Male patients were more likely to have the amoeba than female patients. E. gingivalis was also found in the control group, albeit at a lower frequency (P=0.005). Conclusion: Infections with E. gingivalis should be considered as a potential pathological factor associated with the development of periodontal diseases. More research should be conducted to determine whether E. gingivalis is the primary cause of tissue destruction and disease progression, or if it is acting synergistically with the current pathogenic bacteria that should be investigated further.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Evaluation of Bone Height and Width in Edentulous Mandible
Authors: Alidema Sebahate Hamiti , Bundevska Jadranka , Bimbashi Venera , Maja Sotir , Dimoski Goce , Halili Rajmonda
Published: October 2022

Background: Residual ridge resorption is a chronic, progressive, irreversible process, and poses a clinical challenge to finding the appropriate methods and treatments for edentulous patients. The aim of this study was to assess patients with an edentulous mandible with regards to the height and width dimensions in molar, premolar, and symphyseal regions using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods and Results: A CBCT was performed on 60 patients, edentulous for more than 5 years. The height of residual bone (RB) was measured on 7 sites of the mandible, whereas the width of RB was measured on 5 sites. The highest mean value of residual bone height (BH) was measured in the symphyseal region, while the lowest value was measured in the right side molar region. The highest mean value of residual bone width (BW) was measured in the symphyseal region, while the lowest value was measured in the right side premolar region. Male patients had significantly higher RB in the mandible. The residual BW was insignificantly higher in males than in females, excluding the symphyseal region. Conclusion: Analysis of the characteristics of BH and BW by CBCT enables a dentist to achieve a higher degree of accuracy during the implant placement and to select the appropriate implant design.
Air Abrasion of Titanium Dental Implants with Water-Soluble Powders: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Melkumyan Timur , Seeberger Gerhard , Khabadze Zurab , Kamilov Nuriddin , Makeeva Maria , Dashtieva Marina , Sheralieva Surayo , Dadamova Angela
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the average amount of silicon ions on the surface of titanium implants after air abrasion with powders based on glycine and erythritol, and to measure the content of silicon ions in separated water-insoluble fractions of these powders. Methods and Results: The study investigated 2 air-abrasive powders, one based on glycine (Air-Flow Perio, EMS, Switzerland) and another on erythritol (Air-FlowPlus, EMS, Switzerland). These abrasives were tested for solubility in water and the content of Si+ in insoluble fractions of these powders. Also, the weight percent (wt %) of Si+ was measured on the surface of failed titanium implants after air abrasion with Air-Flow Perio (Group 1) and Air-FlowPlus (Group 2). Scanning electron microscopy and determining the elemental composition of obtained samples were carried out on an SEM-EVO MA 10 (Carl Zeiss) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer with EDS Aztec Energy Advanced X-Act (Oxford Instruments). It was found that air-abrasive mixtures based on glycine and erythritol are not completely soluble in water due to the presumed presence of silica in them. It was also found that air-abrasive cleaning of contaminated dental implants with an erythritol-based mixture contributed to a significant increase (P=0.000) in the Si+ content on their surfaces in comparison to implants treated with glycine-based powder.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Linezolid Alone and in Combination with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus Clinical Isolates
Authors: Khan Imran , Ali Sara , Khan Ikram , Mohamed Salma , Khan Sarmir , Khan Feroz , Higazi Hassan
Published: October 2022

Skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are among the most common bacterial infections. Linezolid is a cortisone drug for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA. However, developing resistance to linezolid creates a hurdle in the treatment of these infections. The present study aimed to determine the activity of linezolid alone and in combination with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the purpose of reducing resistance and enhancing its efficacy. For this study, MRSA isolates were taken and confirmed by using the antibiotic susceptibility testing method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both antibiotics and nanoparticles against MRSA clinical isolates was done by using the broth microdilution method. A checkerboard assay has used the determination of the combined activity of linezolid and ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs displayed a spherical shape with smooth surface morphology and had a mean size of 10 nm to 20 nm, with a zeta potential of 3.57 mV. The activity of ZnO-NPs against MRSA clinical isolates was 200 µg/ml. Almost 81% of isolates were found sensitive to linezolid with MIC lower than 4 µg/ml, and 19% were resistant, having MIC greater than 4 µg/ml. The combination of an antibiotic and nanoparticles reduced the activity of each of them twofold. The current study revealed that both linezolid and ZnO-NPs have antimicrobial activity against MRSA when used alone. The combination of both medications reduces each other's MIC twofold and has an antagonistic impact. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism through which these medications inhibit each other's activity.
Clinical Efficacy of Combined Use of Azilsartan with Indapamide and Azilsartan with Nitrendipine in Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Mashkurova Z , Abdullaeva G , Khamidullaeva G , Sherbadalova N , Khatamova M , Safarov Zh , Atoeva M
Published: October 2022

The aim of our study was a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the combined use of azilsartan with indapamide, and azilsartan with nitrendipine in achieving antihypertensive and organ-protective effects in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Methods and Results: The study included 101 patients aged 30-75 years (mean age of 53,1±11,2 years) with AH Grades 1-2 (ESC/ESH, 2018), who were on outpatient treatment at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Cardiology. After the screening stage, all patients were discontinued from previous therapy and assigned to the 2 regimes of dual therapy. Group 1 included 50 AH patients treated with azilsartan (Az) and indapamide (Ind); Group 2 included 51 patients treated with Az and nitrendipine (Nit). The average daily dose of Az was 49.3±6.0 mg, Nit - 10.88±4.3 mg, and Ind - 1.69±0.5 mg. The effectiveness of the prescribed therapy was evaluated after 6 months of treatment. The 6-month dual therapy with Az+Ind and Az+Net is characterized by high antihypertensive efficacy with a significant positive effect on the parameters of diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile in AH patients. Achieving the target level of BP in both groups provided high organ-protective efficacy, expressed in a significant regression of LV hypertrophy and LV dimensions, a decrease in the carotid intima-media thickness (CMIT) and arterial rigidity. However, the best cardio- and vaso-protective efficacy was noted in Group 1, which was expressed in a more pronounced improvement in the left ventricular diastolic function, a decrease in the CIMT on both sides, and a significant improvement in the parameters of central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness. Dual therapy with Az+Ind and Az+Nit in AH patients was accompanied by a positive effect on the metabolic profile and excellent nephroprotection, with an advantage in the Az+Ind group. A significant decrease in the blood level of LDL-C, TC, and uric acid is characteristic in both groups of patients. A significant decrease in the levels of FBG and TG occurs only in the Az+Ind therapy.
Evaluation of Thyroid Uptake of 99mTc Pertechnetate Using Gamma Camera and Dose Calibrator Methods in the Sudanese Population
Authors: Yousif Zobai Tageldin , Mohamed Ikhlas A , Fadlalla Salah Ali , Alghamdi Salem Saeed , Bushara Lubna , Mahmoud Mustafa Z , Yousef Mohamed , Osman Hamid , Osman Hanady Elyas
Published: October 2022

Background: Estimation of the thyroid gland volume is generally considered important in several pathologic situations. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the thyroid uptake (TU) of 99mTcO4- in Sudanese people, using gamma camera and dose calibrator methods and comparing the results with international TU levels. Methods and Results: The study was conducted in 2020 at the National Cancer Institute (Wad Madani state, University of Gezira, Sudan). This study included 64 patients (58 females and 6 males) aged 13-81 years (37.25±14.58 years) with normal TU. Most patients (43.8%) were in the age subgroup of 31-48 years, followed by 39.1% in the age subgroup of 13-30 years.Two calibration methods were used to calculate full and empty syringes before and after radiopharmaceutical injection: a) using a dose calibrator measuring in MBq; b) with gamma camera images of the full and empty syringes for 1 minute (counts). In the dose calibrator, the activity and time of a 99mTc point source in a syringe were monitored, the point source was precisely aligned with the center of the camera, and a static image was obtained with static parameters at a distance of 5cm and 7cm between source and pinhole collimator (265×265 matrix). The study showed that the TU values using the dose calibrator method were more consistent with radiation protection principles of minimizing the exposure to radiation for staff. The method also had higher values than those measured with a gamma camera due to the scatter radiation. The relationship between TU of 99mTcO4- with syringe measured by dose calibrator and gamma camera at a distance of 5cm and 7cm, given a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9937 and 0.9591, respectively Conclusion: There was no big change in the TU between the two methods, especially at 5cm object-to-pinhole distance, where it gave the best result for optimum imaging in the 99mTcO4- TU test.
Patients with Hepatitis C on Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents' Response to the Elimination Program in Dammam City within 2018-2020
Authors: Fawzy Manal S , AlSadrah Sana A
Published: October 2022

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide health challenge that imposes urgent interventions for prevention and control. We aimed to assess the response rate for the direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) regimen in HCV-infected patients attending the public health centers/hospitals in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods and Results: A retrospective study was followed, including data from the electronic medical records of HCV-infected adult patients in the period 2018-2020. Patients underwent HCV health education and treatment with DAAs according to the regional protocols. The type of treatment regimens provided to the included patients was recorded with the outcome (respondent vs. non-respondent) after 12 weeks post completion of treatment (SVR12) based on negative results (or less than the minimum detection levels using the specified assay) of HCV-RNA detected by polymerase chain reaction. The SVR12 was used for predicting SVR as it was reported to be applicable as SVR24. All cases with discontinuations, treatment modifications, and/or deaths were excluded. Included were a total of 505 adult patients recorded in 13 primary healthcare units and hepatitis treatment specialty clinics of hospitals in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia during the specified period of the study. The patients were aged 30–73 years (mean age of 48.1±9.1 years), of which 229(45.3%) were females and 276(54.7%) males. Most patients received sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (86.1%), followed by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (11.5%), and elbasvir/grazoprevir (2.4%). Overall, the SVR rate was 97.4% in the study population. Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir had an SVR12 of approximately 98.4%, while the rate of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was 93.1%. Conclusion: The present findings show an overall HCV cure rate of 97.4% of patients with HCV in response to the elimination program with DAAs in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, as indicated by high SVR12. This is an example of treating patients with HCV in a structured, supportive setting to help in the HCV elimination program.
On the Role of Delays to Diagnosis of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Schonfeld Elan , Nagar Charulatha
Published: October 2022

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a rare genetic muscle disease that predominantly affects the facial, scapular, and humeral musculature. Scapular winging is the most common initial finding in patients with FSHD. FSHD can substantially impact a patient’s daily life, ranging from discomfort during work to athletic disadvantages. Another aspect of FSHD that is essential for obtaining successful patient outcomes is timely diagnosis, which can be challenging, possibly due to the heterogeneity of presenting features as well as the rarity of the condition. Some of the methods for increasing the ability to diagnose FSHD should include increased education regarding the disease, as well as other muscular dystrophies, specifically in underserved communities that may have less access to healthcare. Although there is currently no effective pharmacologic intervention for FSHD, recommendations of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (2015) provide helpful guidance.
Factors Associated with Amoebic Dysentery in Captive Non-Human Primates of The Mefou Primate Sanctuary
Authors: Wamba Gery , Njua-Yafi Clarisse , Tombi Jeannette
Published: October 2022

Primates are known to harbour different gastrointestinal parasite species that affect their survival and reproductive activity. Entamoeba histolytica infects humans predominantly as well as non-human (NH) primates causing amoebiasis. Amoebic dysentery is common amongst non-human primates in captive sites. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in captive NH primates of the Mefou Primate Sanctuary (MPS) in Cameroon. The faecal samples of 277 NH primates were analysed by qualitative (direct smear and evergreen kit sedimentation technique) coprology from January to July 2019. Factors such as habitat type, keeper’s age and level of education were assessed to evaluate their effect on the prevalence of amoebic dysentery. The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 46.2% (P=0,079 and χ2=18.13). E histolytica was the most predominant parasite species detected and it was present in all instances of mixed parasite infections. Amongst the NH primates positive for E. histolytica, 28 suffered from amoebic dysentery giving a prevalence of 21.9% and one of the infected primates (Cercopithecus pogonias) actually died from amoebic dysentery. The prevalence of mixed infections was significantly lower amongst NH primates living in outdoor enclosures compared to those living in other habitat types (P=0.015, χ2=10.46). The rate of re-infection was significantly higher amongst NH primates under the care of keepers with the lowest (primary school) level of education (P=0.001, χ2=13.09) on one hand and of older keepers (≥50s) (P = 0.008, χ2=13.708) on the other hand. This study shows that amoebic dysentery is a cause for a major concern in the MPS. The housing conditions of the NH primates at the sanctuary, the keeper’s age and level of education were important factors that influenced the prevalence of amoebic dysentery. Adequate measures should be put in place to address the situation.
Incidence of Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Its Associated Factors among Preterm Neonates: Study from West Java Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Permana Irman , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , Alia Ayu , Yuniati Tetty , Setiabudiawan Budi
Published: October 2022

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or hyaline membrane disease is the most frequent cause of respiratory failure and mortality in preterm infants. As a result, many infants are brought to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There may also be other factors that affect the incidence rate of RDS as well. Our research goals are to find out the incidence rate of RDS among three preterm groups and its related factors. In a cross-sectional-descriptive analytical study, newborn data was gathered and assessed by using hospital medical records. One hundred forty-two preterm infants with gestational age ≤ 36 weeks were hospitalized in the NICU. All participants were divided into three groups: extremely preterm ( 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks), and moderate-to-late preterm (32 to 36 weeks). The frequency of RDS and some related factors were compared among three groups. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between variables by SPSS statistics software version 19. The level of significance was considered P 0.05. Respiratory distress syndrome was observed in 64.68% of all participants; RDS is more common in infants within 28-32 weeks of gestation (81%), while infants with 28 weeks of gestation and 33-36 weeks of gestation have lower rates (50% and 52 Our study shows a positive correlation between birthweight and RDS as well as between birthweight and gestational age. (P value: 0.001, 0.003). Infants between 28 to 32 gestational age have a higher risk of RDS. The risk of RDS also increases in low birth weight and male infants.
Integrated Drill String Design Elevates Drilling Efficiency in Challenging Basement Formation
Authors: Mardiana Ramadhan Yoan , Soekmono Oktaviano , Melkybudiantoro Didi , Bonafid Kalim , Vataneta Rendiza
Published: October 2022

Exploration in the basement could uncover the potential oil and gas resources in the South Sumatera area. However, drilling in the basement always brings different challenges compared to shale or sandstone formation. These challenges include low penetration rate due to hard lithology, deteriorating drilling bit and tools due to abrasive environment and high vibration, and unpredicted loss circulation zone that can increase mud consumption. In long interval sections, multiple bit runs are inevitable, causing higher open hole exposure time that can increase the risk of well integrity and well control. All challenges will have a significant effect on increasing drilling cost. Pertamina EP planned to run 4 - 6 bits based on the last two wells drilled through basement formation. Comprehensive steps were taken to minimize the drilling risks and optimize the drilling operation

In terms of drilling assembly, including bit and Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA), enhanced design was selected based on the lesson learned from previous campaigns. The bit equipped with durability proven conical diamond element with other features to compromise basement formation. BHA was designed by considering motor selection, stabilizer placement, and collar combination. To optimize drill string stability, several BHA options, combined with a detailed bit model, were analyzed in advanced Finite Element Analysis (FEA) drilling dynamic simulation. The process generated the most stable bit-BHA configuration, ROP-bit durability prediction and drilling parameter roadmap. Extensive drilling strategy planning was taken in place to set the interval, ROP target, and parameter management. To have a step change from the previous basement drilling campaign, Pertamina EP set the target to drill 880-m basement intervals in 8 ½-in sections by maximum two bit runs with minimum on-bottom ROP of 5 m/h.

By implementing all engineering preparation, basement formation in PLD-001 exploration well was successfully drilled in one run to section TD from 2,690 m to 3,573 m. The engineered bit-BHA combination drilled metamorphic basement rock with 10 – 15 klbs of WOB, 40 – 60 SRPM, and 550 – 595 gpm of flow rate. Close supervision was performed to monitor drilling dynamics, with no significant shock and vibration was observed. In overall, the bit generated 6.2 m/hr of on bottom ROP, 24% higher than the initial target. After drilling, the bit was pulled out of hole with considerably good condition despite heavy drilling in the 880 m of basement.
Advanced Gas Separation Membrane for Optimised Methane Recovery and Reduction of Green House Gas Emission
Authors: Murphy John Colin , Vassiloudis Steven , September Norris Aden , Eghtedari Masoud , Koulouris Dimitrios Pandelis
Published: October 2022

Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gas naturally found as a component in natural gas, biogas and landfill gas and is also generated whilst flaring or burning the waste methane/gases. For CO2 capture and CO2-CH4 separation, we have investigated the membrane-based technology which offers high energy efficiency, simple modules and process design, reduced footprint, and enhanced energy content of the product gas whilst reducing pipeline corrosion problems and minimising greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Gas separation membranes require not only materials with excellent separation performance such as selectivity and permeability but also resistant to high temperatures and pressures.

In this work, we have examined the performance of advanced polymeric membranes made from the high-performance intrinsic polyimide material for the recovery of methane and subsequent reduction of GHG emission in natural gas and biogas upgrading applications. Pressure-driven gas separation simulations were performed using the intrinsic parameters of hollow-fibre membranes. It was found that employing the advanced polyimide membrane allows a wider range of operating temperatures (up to 80 °C) and pressures (500 kPag to 100,000 kPag) whilst achieving performance and GHG emission reduction goals. Thus, we employed an innovative concept by combining the advanced membrane materials with a novel multi-stage separation process to recover the CH4 up to 95%-99% in the product (retentate) and CO2 concentration of up to 95%-98% in off-gas (permeate).

Subsequent field-tests for the membranes durability, stability and relative capacity and separation performance compared to cellulose acetate (CA) based membrane systems. These tests have found that the polyimide hollow-fibre membranes are resistant to degradation from hydrogen sulphide (H2S), heavy hydrocarbons (HHCs), and are less susceptible to time effected degradation of permeance and selectivity.
Effective Well Engineering Approach for Completion Intervention, Stimulation and Flow Measurement to Enhance Efficiency and Production Performance
Authors: Alharbi Ayman , Khan Abdul Muqtadir , AlObaid Hashem , Ashby Scott , Ahmed Danish
Published: October 2022

Well completion practices in high-temperature, high-pressure carbonates are challenging especially for long lateral horizontal wells intended for fracturing applications. An integrated approach involving intervention and fracturing design and reliable post-fracturing flow measurements is very critical to optimize the well performance.

After initial intervention complexities due to wellbore accessibility in a 6,250-ft cemented lateral initially planned with 13 fracturing stages resulting in the loss of many operational days, a revamped engineering workflow was planned for Well-A. As a first step, Coiled Tubing (CT) was used for abrasive jetting perforations, cleanout, and acid squeeze functionalities with a novel bottomhole assembly (BHA). The BHA was equipped with a real-time telemetry to optimize intervention to a single run. Having real-time bottomhole parameters helped in perforating the desired zones accurately and enhanced the injectivity by creating cleaner perforation tunnels.

Stages were reduced to five with an optimized perforation design based on rock typing approach, and short clusters were designed to divert the fracture fluids effectively using multimodal particulate diversion. Each fracturing stage was isolated with a mechanical plug. A novel high-frequency pressure monitoring technique that analyzes fluid entry points from water hammers was utilized during the fracturing treatments to analyze on-the-fly diversion efficiency and optimize further treatments.

A multiphase flowmeter was utilized to enhance milling and flowback to minimize losses and manage the choke schedule based on actual well performance leading to better fracture cleanup and recovery. The production performance of Well-A was compared with two offset horizontal wells drilled azimuthally parallel, intersecting the same carbonate sublayer. The post-fracturing absolute production enhancement analysis showed 11 to 15% improvement, and productivity index (PI) improvement was 40 to 63% when normalized by stage count. The effective integration of multiple technologies was applied successfully on the candidate well, yielding enhanced operational efficiency with optimized production performance.
CO2 Tracer as an Alternate Data Acquisition Strategy to Accelerate Gaslift Optimization and Maximize Oil Production
Authors: Chin Alvin Zhi Siang , Chaw Kit Teng , Kamis Azman Ahmat , Zainul Zaimi , Minggu Nur’Ain , Ting Chang Siong , Kamat Dahlila
Published: October 2022

This paper serves to share the success story of utilizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) well tracer surveys to conduct gaslift optimization, resulting in identifying additional oil production of 650 bopd and gaslift savings of 8 MMscf/d. In field B, located in the East Malaysia Region, wells in production are mainly operated with the assistance of gaslift. With over 70 active strings requiring gaslift, this creates a predicament in data acquisition of each string through the conventional Flowing Gradient Survey (FGS) method for gaslift optimization. The main setback of performing FGS in each string includes prioritization of slickline intervention for data acquisition against production enhancement activity, operation windows availability and production deferment.

From the CO2 tracer survey, the root causes of well lifting issues such as multi-pointing, Gaslift valves malfunctioning, and tubing leaks can be identified. The accuracy of gaslift injection rate transmitters and total gas output from well test separators are also established together with the gaslift split factor for dual string wells.

In the CO2 well tracer campaign in field B, 55 surveys were conducted of which 21 were on single string and 17 performed on dual strings. Around 20-30 pounds of CO2 was injected into the gaslift injection line and its concentration recorded at the well head. Injected CO2 travels through the tubing-casing annulus into the tubing through injection point/s. The travel velocities inside the tubing and casing were used to back calculate the operating lift depths. By importing the results of the CO2 well tracer survey into a software, the exact depth of injection can be measured, and any indication of multi-pointing can be seen. Accurate gaslift modelling can be conducted by incorporating actual measured injected gas rate, well test rate at time of survey and single/multi-point depth obtained from the survey.

The CO2 well tracer campaign has proven to provide effective and reliable data on the lift gas entry points in the well, especially for fields with large number of gaslift strings. A total of around 650 bopd oil gain with gaslift savings of 8 MMscf/d was identified and will be realized by conducting Gaslift Valve Change (GLVC). CO2 well tracer campaign should be considered for fields with high quantity of gaslift wells as an alternative to FGS as it requires minimum equipment hook-up, has minimal production deferment, and does not require invasive well intervention.

A presentation and discussion of the successful results, limitations, best practices, and lessons learnt from the CO2 tracer campaign aspires to be additive to the production surveillance tools in the oil and gas industry by providing alternatives in data acquisition from the conventional FGS.
ZEEpod Lightweight Structure Installation
Authors: Abu Bakar Azlan , M Said M Shuhaizi , Samarakkody Wayne , Perera Herman
Published: October 2022

ZEEpod is a tripod-based structure that is designed for shallow water and could be the possible attractive solution for marginal fields. ZEEpod platform for this project is consist of main caisson, guide sleeve, top sleeve, conductors, topside, subsea template, raker piles and bridge. The offshore execution started with installation of the main caisson supporting the deck structure followed by the guide sleeve and top sleeve installation. The raker piles were then inserted via the sleeves and driven to the required penetration depth. Conductors were subsequently driven, and topside was installed afterwards prior setting down the bridge. The platform installation was successfully completed in October 2021.

It has again proven that the ZEEpod platform is technically feasible for the installation at water depth up to 70m. This technology gives benefits in term of its simplicity in fabrication, transportation, and offshore installation. It has resulted to less complexity of construction, lower resources, simplified loadout method and shortened construction duration. With advantages to have a completed platform component, fit into a single transportation barge and with lower capacity installation crane barge required, it is a cost-effective solution which bring value to the project.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the concept, engineering analysis and methodology for ZEEpod platform installation as well as the technical challenges during offshore execution. This paper should be an interest to those who seek for alternatives in designing and installing a minimum facilities platform for cost-effective field development at shallow waters.
Novel Impulse Turbine for Non-Combustion Power Generation at Offshore Platforms Towards Net Zero Carbon Emission Agenda
Authors: Muhammad M Fadhli , Myo Thant Maung Maung , Shaffee Siti Nur Amira , Sedaralit M Faizal
Published: October 2022

Energy is a critical element that is greatly sought after in offshore facilities globally. For remote satellite platforms, oil and gas operators depend on the solar panel to power up their instrumentation and equipment. In certain cases, due to higher power requirements, Mini Turbine Generator (MTG) and Diesel Generator (DEG) are used to satisfy the energy demand of the operation. This paper introduces the Novel Impulse Turbine (NIT) technology for power generation for oil and gas offshore facilities and compares it to the conventional MTG. A techno-economic assessment and comparison for the two technologies are presented, with a case study at a Malaysian gas field.

The NIT technology was developed through the extraction of the kinetic energy of the flowing gas and converting it to electrical energy using a novel impulse turbine. The preliminary concept was simulated using process simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to refine the critical parameters for prototype fabrication. A 35kW rated prototype was fabricated and tested for Leak Test, No-Load Spin Test, Load Performance Test, Oil System Test. All parameters were within the range of 5% of theoretical values. A two-steps technoeconomic assessment with a case study field was carried out to firm up field implementation.

Based on testing and performance analysis carried out, the NIT can perform the rated power output without any combustion process compared to MTG. MTG and NIT have similar footprint requirements and replacing MTG with NIT technology will not yield significant footprint changes. Both MTG and NIT are rotating turbomachinery equipment and have similar maintenance requirements. However, since MTG generates electricity through the combustion of natural gas as fuel while NIT operates based on differential pressure, the latter generates clean energy without the need for fuel combustion. This provides cost savings to the operation as the fuel requirement of MTG increases the operating cost by $10,000 per year. For 20 years of operation, NIT has the lowest life cycle cost due to its advantage of not combusting any fuel to generate electricity. Based on this benchmarking with MTG, NIT provides 15% and 74% of reduction in terms of CAPEX and OPEX respectively. By foregoing the association of generating power with fuel combustion, NIT provides cleaner energy that is in line with global sustainability efforts to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2 and methane.
De-Risking and Optimisation During Gas Field Development Using Integrated Ultra-Deep Reservoir Mapping and Advanced Surveying Technology: A Case Study from Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Abu Talib M. Ashraf , Zulkifli M. Safwan , Annuar M. Nasrullah , Ahmad Ani M. Qayyum , Mondali Mondali , Mohamed Nooraini , Shields Daren James , Djumeno Rochmad Sutattyo , Yusoff Faidhi , Ozoemena Amaechi Emmanuel , Wan Muda W Mohd Sharif , W Mohamad W Amni , Hardiani Rosidah , Rajan Preveen Kumar , Mustafa M Azlan , M Bukhari Khairul Amri , Za’ba Muhammad Afiq Zaim , Alang Khairul Anuar , Thanh Phung Nguyen , Wang Haifeng
Published: October 2022

Recently, Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd. in Malaysia has successfully drilled two horizontal wells to boost the gas production of the brown field X, offshore Malaysia. The field X has been producing for many years and production started to decrease since early 2013, requiring immediate infill drilling to cover for the production gap. However, the well planning and execution are very challenging. Due to the target location, the Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) well trajectory design was considered. It would need high drilling efficiency to minimize the extended stationary time to reduce the stuck pipe and ensure the accuracy of landing and geo-steering the well. Moreover, the high uncertainty of subsurface data like gas water contact (GWC), the complexity of carbonate reservoir heterogeneities, reservoir rugose geomorphology caused by fractures or karst and the large variation of reservoir resistivity profile added more difficulties for the pre-drill modeling and real-time execution. The planning methodology combined between several planned trajectories and possible reservoir geological models to achieve the best fit of the current reservoir condition and the planned well objectives. Then, the well placement pre-drill modeling would be performed to optimize the geo-steering execution to maximize the reservoir exposure and place the well in the desired position inside the target layer. Eventually, drilling execution was smoothly and successfully performed. The first well was drilled 614m MD horizontally at approximately 21m TVD above the GWC, exceeding the target objective of 12m TVD standoff. The second well, which was the ERD well, drilled 349m MD horizontally, approximately 6.6m TVD below the top of carbonate. Utilizing the ultra-deep reservoir mapping to identify the top of carbonate, carbonate heterogeneity layers and GWC helped precisely optimize the well in the desired position. Combination of definitive dynamic survey (DDS) technology not only provided better trajectory TVD calculation for improving reservoir mapping boundaries, but also helped to speed up the drilling operation by reducing the standard surveying time, ultimately minimizing the risk exposure for stuck pipe. This paper will describe how the combination of well placement technology ultra-deep reservoir mapping tool and latest definitive dynamic surveying technology helped Petronas achieve the objectives and de-risk and optimize the horizontal wells from planning to operation.
Offshore Mahakam Architecture Optimization and Cost Reduction with Tapered String for Combined Gravel Pack and Tubingless Completion in One Section
Authors: Lutfi Andhika , Ray Henry Jimmy Hutahaean , Rangga Saputra , I Gede Suryana Saptawirawan , Arrofi Nurmida , Kresna Prabu Haryakusuma
Published: October 2022

Offshore Mahakam Field development has reached a mature level. With almost 400 wells occupy all platforms fully. Finding target for new wells with adequate reserves to pass the economic cut-off limit has been a challenging task. Multiple reservoirs for a re-entry (side-track) from existing well in Offshore Mahakam field become a base case by targeting both shallow reservoirs with sand control requirement and deeper reservoirs at consolidated sandstone.

Conventionally, side-track wells are drilled in two separated section to allow Gravel Pack completion inside 9-5/8" casing at the upper part for shallow reservoirs and then drill deeper section for tubingless completion with 4-1/2" liner. Completing these marginal wells using current conventional well architecture makes these wells uneconomical.

Answering the challenge and align to cost culture program, Pertamina Hulu Mahakam launched a collaborative project aiming for cost-effective wells against well reserves. Extended drilling envelope was introduced as the outcome of well architecture simplification process. Both shallow and deep reservoirs are drilled in one long open hole section then cased and cemented with single string tapered casing and tubing. Considering sand risk production, unconsolidated shallow gas reservoirs are accommodated by gravel pack completion in the upper part.

This new type of architecture has challenge related to hole stability for long open hole management and cementing strategy to ensure high quality cement sheath behind tapered string tapered casing and tubing. Then special equipment design and series of field test are performed prior to first application.

This paper illustrates development this new architecture and success application result in Mahakam Offshore Field.