bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘A storm of post-it notes’: Experiences of perceptual capacity in autism and ADHD
Authors: Irvine Brian , Elise Freya , Brinkert Jana , Poole Daniel , Farran Emily K. , Milne Elizabeth , Scerif Gaia , Crane Laura , Remington Anna
Published: February 2024

Lab-based tasks suggest autistic people have increased perceptual capacity (i.e. process more information at any one time) compared to non-autistic people. Here, we explored whether this increase is reflected in autistic people's day-to-day perceptual experiences and, when compared to those with ADHD/neurotypical people, whether commonalities/divergences in these experiences can illuminate differences between neurotypes. UK-based adults (108 autistic, 40 with ADHD, 79 autistic with ADHD, 85 neurotypical) completed an online survey about experiences of attention and distraction. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis. We found that participants of all neurotypes experienced periods of intense focus. Neurodivergent participants reported experiencing a barrage of information; autistic participants found this overwhelming, whereas those with ADHD referred to overload. This finding may reflect increased perceptual capacity for autistic people (adding ecological validity to previous findings regarding increased autistic perceptual capacity) vs. difficulties maintaining attentional priorities for those with ADHD. While differences between neurodivergent and neurotypical people were evident, discrepancies between experiences of neurodivergent groups were more subtle, suggesting that increased perceptual capacity may extend beyond autism. Consequently, perceptual capacity offers a useful framework to promote better understanding of one's own perceptual experiences, and to guide strategies to ameliorate any challenges encountered.
Digital technologies in bronchiectasis physiotherapy services: a survey of patients and physiotherapists in a UK centre
Authors: O'Neill Katherine , O'Neill Brenda , McLeese Rebecca H. , Chalmers James D. , Boyd Jeanette , De Soyza Anthony , McCallion Paul , Bradley Judy M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

We aimed to explore how digital technology is currently used, could be used and how services could be improved in order to optimise bronchiectasis physiotherapy care.

Methods

Online surveys were designed and distributed amongst people with bronchiectasis and physiotherapists in Northern Ireland. Responses to closed and open question formats were collected and analysed.

Results

The survey was completed by 48 out of 100 physiotherapists (48%) between January 2020 and January 2021 and by 205 out of 398 people with bronchiectasis (52%) between October 2020 and October 2021. 56% of physiotherapists (27 out of 48) reporting using some type of digital technology to facilitate services, whereas 44% (21 out of 48) reported that they had never used a digital technology in this patient group. When physiotherapists were asked whether they would be likely to use certain remote and/or digital options to deliver follow-up care for airway clearance techniques, most (31–38 out of 48; 65–79%) indicated that they would. Regarding patient responses, most reported that they would use telephone consultation (145 out of 199, 73%) and a smaller proportion were likely to use video consultation (64 out of 199, 32%). The most commonly mentioned theme for improvement amongst patients was follow-ups, while improved access, quality of services and treatments were the most commonly mentioned amongst physiotherapists.

Conclusion

Despite a large proportion of physiotherapists in this survey reporting no current use of digital technology in bronchiectasis physiotherapy care, there was significant interest and willingness to do so, amongst both physiotherapists and patients. This survey highlighted a range of care areas, specifically follow-up visits, where digital methods could be further explored.
Prognostic factors of progressive fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a large, retrospective, multicentre, observational cohort study
Authors: Cano-Jiménez Esteban , Villar Gómez Ana , Velez Segovia Eduardo , Aburto Barrenechea Myriam , Sellarés Torres Jacobo , Francesqui Joel , Portillo Carroz Karina , Solis Solis Alan Jhunior , Acosta Fernández Orlando , Llanos González Ana Belén , Bordas-Martinez Jaume , Cabrera Cesar Eva , Balcells Vilarnau Eva , Castillo Villegas Diego , Reyes Pardessus Ana , González Fernández Coral , García Moyano Marta , Urrutia Gajate Amaia , Blanco Hortas Andrés , Molina-Molina María
Published: February 2024

Background

Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease caused by sensitisation to chronic allergen inhalation. This study aimed to determine prognostic indicators of progression and mortality in fHP.

Methods

This was a retrospective, multicentre, observational, cross-sectional cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with fHP from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals for predictors of progression and survival.

Results

A total of 403 patients were diagnosed with fHP: median (interquartile range) age 66.5 (14.0) years, 51.9% females and 55.1% never-smokers. The cause of fHP was mainly fungal (39.7%) or avian (41.4%). Lung biopsy was performed in 269 cases (66.7%). In the whole cohort the variables that were related to mortality or lung transplant were older age (HR 1.08; p<0.001), percentage predicted forced vital capacity (HR 0.96; p=0.001), lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (HR 0.93; p=0.001), presence of acute exacerbation during follow-up (HR 3.04; p=0.001) and GAP (gender, age and lung physiology) index (HR 1.96; p<0.01). In the group of biopsied patients, the presence of fibroblastic foci at biopsy (HR 8.39; p<0.001) stands out in multivariate Cox regression analyses as a highly significant predictor for increased mortality or lung transplant. GAP index (HR 1.26; p=0.009), lymphocytosis in BAL (HR 0.97; p=0.018) and age (HR 1.03; p=0.018) are also predictors of progression.

Conclusions

The study identified several prognostic factors for progression and/or survival in fHP. The presence of fibroblastic foci at biopsy was a consistent predictor for increased mortality and the presence of lymphocytosis in BAL was inversely related to mortality.
Effects of constant-load exercise and high-intensity interval training on reliever medication consumption and peak expiratory flow in individuals with asthma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: da Silva Ronaldo Aparecido , Cukier Alberto , Carvalho-Pinto Regina Maria , Carvalho Celso R.F.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The effect of aerobic training on reliever medication consumption (short-acting β2-agonist (SABA)) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in participants with asthma is poorly known. The comparison between constant-load exercise (CLE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in these outcomes has never been tested. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of CLE or HIIT in SABA consumption and PEF improvement during an exercise programme in subjects with asthma.

Methods

Clinically stable participants were randomised into CLE (n=27; 70–85% of the maximal load (Wmax)) or HIIT (n=28; 80–140% Wmax). The programme lasted 12 weeks (two sessions per week, 40 min per session), and the intensity was based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). PEF was assessed before and after each exercise session. SABA was used if PEF was <70%. Clinical control (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)-6), CPET and aerobic fitness were also assessed before and after the intervention.

Results

Both groups were similar at baseline. CLE and HIIT reduced SABA consumption throughout the intervention (p<0.05). Before training, 14 patients required SABA before exercising, but only one needed it after the intervention. Changes in post-exercise PEF were lower in the CLE group than in the HIIT group (1.6±25.3versus10.3±13.7%). Both groups improved aerobic fitness (10.1±12.8%versus5.7±15.6%) and clinical asthma control; however, only the HIIT group achieved a minimal clinically important difference in the ACQ-6 post-intervention (−0.23±1.06versus−0.52±0.73 Δ score).

Conclusion

CLE and HIIT reduced SABA consumption; however, only HIIT increased PEF and asthma clinical control after the intervention. These results reinforce the importance of exercise training in moderate-to-severe asthma.
Sputum metagenomics of people with bronchiectasis
Authors: Rosenboom Ilona , Thavarasa Ajith , Richardson Hollian , Long Merete B. , Wiehlmann Lutz , Davenport Colin F. , Shoemark Amelia , Chalmers James D. , Tümmler Burkhard
Published: February 2024

Background

The microbiota in the sputum of people with bronchiectasis has repeatedly been investigated in cohorts of different geographic origin, but so far has not been studied to the species level in comparison to control populations including healthy adults and smokers without lung disease.

Methods

The microbial metagenome from sputa of 101 European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC) study participants was examined by using whole-genome shotgun sequencing.

Results

Our analysis of the metagenome of people with bronchiectasis revealed four clusters characterised by a predominance ofHaemophilus influenzae,Pseudomonas aeruginosaor polymicrobial communities with varying compositions of nonpathogenic commensals and opportunistic pathogens. The metagenomes of the severely affected patients showed individual profiles characterised by low alpha diversity. Importantly, nearly 50% of patients with severe disease were grouped in a cluster characterised by commensals. Comparisons with the sputum metagenomes of healthy smokers and healthy nonsmokers revealed a gradient of depletion of taxa in bronchiectasis, most oftenNeisseria subflava,Fusobacterium periodonticumandEubacterium sulci.

Conclusion

The gradient of depletion of commensal taxa found in healthy airways is a key feature of bronchiectasis associated with disease severity.
Whole genome sequence of Vibrio cholerae NB-183 isolated from freshwater in Ontario, Canada harbors a unique gene repertoire
Authors: Lawal Opeyemi U. , Bryan Noah , Soni Mitra , Chen Yanhong , Precious Melinda , Parreira Valeria R. , Goodridge Lawrence
Published: February 2024

Objective

Vibrio cholerae is an enteric pathogen that poses a significant threat to global health. It causes severe dehydrating diarrheal disease cholera in humans. V. cholerae could be acquired either from consuming contaminated seafood or direct contact with polluted waters. As part of a larger program that assesses the microbial community profile in aquatic systems, V. cholerae strain NB-183 was isolated and characterized using a combination of culture- and whole-genome sequencing-based approaches.

Data description

Here we report the assembled and annotated whole-genome sequence of a V. cholerae strain NB-183 isolated from a recreational freshwater lake in Ontario, Canada. The genome was sequenced using short-read Illumina systems. The whole-genome sequencing yielded 4,112,549 bp genome size with 99 contigs with an average genome coverage of 96× and 47.42% G + C content. The whole genome-based comparison, phylogenomic and gene repertoire indicates that this strain harbors multiple virulence genes and biosynthetic gene clusters. This genome sequence and its associated datasets provided in this study will be an indispensable resource to enhance the understanding of the functional, ecological, and evolutionary dynamics of V. cholerae.
The evolution of ephemeral flora in Xinjiang, China: insights from plastid phylogenomic analyses of Brassicaceae
Authors: Xiao Tian-Wen , Song Feng , Vu Duc Quy , Feng Ying , Ge Xue-Jun
Published: February 2024

Background

The ephemeral flora of northern Xinjiang, China, plays an important role in the desert ecosystems. However, the evolutionary history of this flora remains unclear. To gain new insights into its origin and evolutionary dynamics, we comprehensively sampled ephemeral plants of Brassicaceae, one of the essential plant groups of the ephemeral flora.

Results

We reconstructed a phylogenetic tree using plastid genomes and estimated their divergence times. Our results indicate that ephemeral species began to colonize the arid areas in north Xinjiang during the Early Miocene and there was a greater dispersal of ephemeral species from the surrounding areas into the ephemeral community of north Xinjiang during the Middle and Late Miocene, in contrast to the Early Miocene or Pliocene periods.

Conclusions

Our findings, together with previous studies, suggest that the ephemeral flora originated in the Early Miocene, and species assembly became rapid from the Middle Miocene onwards, possibly attributable to global climate changes and regional geological events.
Relationship between observation time and detection rate of focal lesions in Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Dong Li , Zhang Xiaodan , Xuan Yuting , Xiong Peiling , Ning Yumei , Zhang Bing , Wang Fan , Zhao Qiu , Fang Jun
Published: February 2024

Background

Current studies have shown that longer observation time can improve neoplastic detection rate. This study aimed to clarify whether endoscopists with longer observation times can detect more focal lesions.

Methods

Based on the mean examination time for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) without biopsy, endoscopists were divided into fast and slow groups, and the detection rate of focal lesions was compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and restricted cubic spline were used to explore the factors of focal lesion detection rate.

Results

Mean examination time of EGD without biopsy was 4.5 min. The cut-off times used were 5 min. 17 endoscopists were classified into the fast (4.7 ± 3.6 min), and 16 into the slow (7.11 ± 4.6 min) groups. Compared with fast endoscopists, slow endoscopists had a higher detection rate of focal lesions (47.2% vs. 51.4%, P < 0.001), especially in the detection of gastric lesions (29.7% vs. 35.9%, P < 0.001). In univariate and multivariate analyses, observation time, patient age and gender, expert, biopsy rate, and number of images were factors in FDR. There is a nonlinear relationship between observation time and FDR.

Conclusion

Longer examination time improves the detection rate of focal lesions. Observation time is an important quality indicator of the EGD examination.
Nomogram to predict risk of neonatal mortality among preterm neonates admitted with sepsis at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: risk prediction model development and validation
Authors: Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Anlay Degefaye Zelalem , Abie Birhanu , Chekol Yazachew Moges , Gelaw Negalgn Byadgie , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Animut Yaregal
Published: February 2024

Background

Mortality in premature neonates is a global public health problem. In developing countries, nearly 50% of preterm births ends with death. Sepsis is one of the major causes of death in preterm neonates. Risk prediction model for mortality in preterm septic neonates helps for directing the decision making process made by clinicians.

Objective

We aimed to develop and validate nomogram for the prediction of neonatal mortality. Nomograms are tools which assist the clinical decision making process through early estimation of risks prompting early interventions.

Methods

A three year retrospective follow up study was conducted at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and a total of 603 preterm neonates with sepsis were included. Data was collected using KoboCollect and analyzed using STATA version 16 and R version 4.2.1. Lasso regression was used to select the most potent predictors and to minimize the problem of overfitting. Nomogram was developed using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated using discrimination and calibration. Internal model validation was done using bootstrapping. Net benefit of the nomogram was assessed through decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess the clinical relevance of the model.

Result

The nomogram was developed using nine predictors: gestational age, maternal history of premature rupture of membrane, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, perinatal asphyxia, necrotizing enterocolitis, total bilirubin, platelet count and kangaroo-mother care. The model had discriminatory power of 96.7% (95% CI: 95.6, 97.9) and P-value of 0.165 in the calibration test before and after internal validation with brier score of 0.07. Based on the net benefit analysis the nomogram was found better than treat all and treat none conditions.

Conclusion

The developed nomogram can be used for individualized mortality risk prediction with excellent performance, better net benefit and have been found to be useful in clinical practice with contribution in preterm neonatal mortality reduction by giving better emphasis for those at high risk.
“The magic triangle between bed, office, couch”: a qualitative exploration of job demands, resources, coping, and the role of leadership in remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rohwer Elisabeth , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie
Published: February 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated many employees to work from home with immediate effect for several months, regardless of their workplace preference or situation at home. Against this backdrop, this study explores perceived job demands and resources as well as the role of leadership and coping strategies of employees and managers with little or no prior experience with working from home in the altered work environment.

Methods

Based on the job demands-resources model, we developed an interview guide and conducted thirty-four semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed deductively-inductively using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Experienced job demands include, e.g., challenging, insufficient digital communication, and lack of social exchange, while greater flexibility and work-life balance were identified as valuable resources. Regarding the role of leadership, signaling trust, keeping regular contact, and supporting employees are important. To cope with the unforeseen yet persistent work situation, participants applied creative strategies by setting up offices at home with what they had at disposal. Differences were observed between employee and managerial perceptions as well as over time during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The results expand our knowledge about healthy remote work by adding specific demands, resources, and coping strategies employees and managers experienced during the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic to the picture as well as specifying the role of leadership. Moreover, our findings provide a foundation for guidelines for healthy remote work design and collaboration in times of abrupt change and crises.
Influence of the work environment of nurses on the 30-day mortality of patients hospitalized in Polish hospitals. cross-sectional studies
Authors: Malinowska-Lipień Iwona , Put Dariusz , Maluchnik Michał , Gabryś Teresa , Kózka Maria , Gajda Krzysztof , Gniadek Agnieszka , Brzostek Tomasz , Squires Allison
Published: February 2024

Background

An optimal work environment for nurses is characterized primarily by appropriate staffing, good team relations, and support from the management staff. These factors are consistently associated with a positive assessment of patient safety by a hospital’s employees and a reduction in hospital mortality rates.

Aim

To understand the relationships between the work environment as perceived by nurses on the 30-day mortality of patients treated in Polish hospitals.

Background

An optimal work environment for nurses is characterized primarily by appropriate staffing, good team relations, and support from the management staff. These factors are consistently associated with a positive assessment of patient safety by a hospital’s employees and a reduction in hospital mortality rates.

Material and methods

The analysis used discharge data from 108,284 patients hospitalized in internal medicine and surgery departments in 21 hospitals (with 24/7 operations) in Poland. Administrative data included coded data to estimate 30-day mortality. A Nurses’ satisfaction questionnaire, including the PES-NWI scale and the SAQ questionnaire, was used to assess the work environment of nurses (n = 1,929). Correlations between variables were assessed using the Pearson coefficient. The analysis used a Poisson regression model, which belongs to the class of generalized linear models.

Results

A lower 30-day mortality rate amongst patients was found among those treated in hospitals where the personnel feel that they may question the decisions or actions of their superiors regarding the care provided (r = − 0.50); nurses are informed about changes introduced on the basis of reports about negligence and mistakes (r = − 0.50); the ward nurse is a good manager (r = − 0.41); nurses receive timely information from the head of the department that may have an impact on their work (r = − 0.41).

Conclusions

Factors related to care during hospital stay such as the organization of care at the ward level, analysis of care errors, the number of staff providing direct patient care, informing nurses about mistakes without punishment, and the possibility of nurses challenging the decisions or actions of superiors, which concerns care providing, affect the 30-day mortality of patients after the end of hospitalization in Polish hospitals.
Clinical narrative competence and humanistic care ability of nurses in assisted reproductive technology: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mo Fengyi , Hu Xiaorui , Ma Qing , Xing Lanfeng
Published: February 2024

Background

Growing focus on patient-centred care emphasizes humanistic skills and clinical narrative competence in nursing, particularly in assisted reproductive nursing. However, there is limited evidence to suggest the levels of nurse’ clinical narrative competence and humanistic care ability. This study aimed to investigate the clinical narrative competence and humanistic care ability of nurse specialists in assisted reproductive technology (ART) in China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included nurses who obtained the ART specialist nurse certificate after nurse training in Zhejiang province assisted reproductive technology specialist nurse training base between 2017 and 2022. A demographic questionnaire, the Caring Ability Inventory (CAI) and Narrative Competence Scale (NCS) were used for data collection. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore risk factors.

Results

A total of 122 participants (120 females, with a mean age of 33.35 ± 5.00 years) were included (response rate = 82.43%). NCS score and CAI score was 143.39 ± 19.24 (range: 27–189) and 198.42 ± 19.51 (range: 37–259) among nurse specialists in assisted reproductive technology, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that professional title (β = 20.003, 95%CI: 3.271–36.735, P = 0.020), and the CAI (β = 0.342, 95%CI: 0.180–0.540, P < 0.001) was independently associated with NCS. Head Nurse/ Team Leader/ Clinical Faculty had significantly higher CAI score than nurse (P = 0.006).

Conclusions

The clinical narrative competence and caring ability of nurse specialists in assisted reproductive technology was considered sufficient. Professional titles and work position were associated with clinical narrative competence. Enhancing clinical narrative competence can be considered as an effective strategy for promoting humanistic care ability.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
A genetic toolbox to empower Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 2944 as a metabolically versatile SynBio chassis
Authors: Pal Upasana , Bachmann Denise , Pelzer Chiara , Christiansen Julia , Blank Lars M. , Tiso Till
Published: February 2024

Background

To contribute to the discovery of new microbial strains with metabolic and physiological robustness and develop them into successful chasses, Paracoccus pantotrophus DSM 2944, a Gram-negative bacterium from the phylum Alphaproteobacteria and the family Rhodobacteraceae, was chosen. The strain possesses an innate ability to tolerate high salt concentrations. It utilizes diverse substrates, including cheap and renewable feedstocks, such as C1 and C2 compounds. Also, it can consume short-chain alkanes, predominately found in hydrocarbon-rich environments, making it a potential bioremediation agent. The demonstrated metabolic versatility, coupled with the synthesis of the biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate, positions this microbial strain as a noteworthy candidate for advancing the principles of a circular bioeconomy.

Results

The study aims to follow the chassis roadmap, as depicted by Calero and Nikel, and de Lorenzo, to transform wild-type P. pantotrophus DSM 2944 into a proficient SynBio (Synthetic Biology) chassis. The initial findings highlight the antibiotic resistance profile of this prospective SynBio chassis. Subsequently, the best origin of replication (ori) was identified as RK2. In contrast, the non-replicative ori R6K was selected for the development of a suicide plasmid necessary for genome integration or gene deletion. Moreover, when assessing the most effective method for gene transfer, it was observed that conjugation had superior efficiency compared to electroporation, while transformation by heat shock was ineffective. Robust host fitness was demonstrated by stable plasmid maintenance, while standardized gene expression using an array of synthetic promoters could be shown. pEMG-based scarless gene deletion was successfully adapted, allowing gene deletion and integration. The successful integration of a gene cassette for terephthalic acid degradation is showcased. The resulting strain can grow on both monomers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with an increased growth rate achieved through adaptive laboratory evolution.

Conclusion

The chassis roadmap for the development of P. pantotrophus DSM 2944 into a proficient SynBio chassis was implemented. The presented genetic toolkit allows genome editing and therewith the possibility to exploit Paracoccus for a myriad of applications.
A novel peptide PDHK1-241aa encoded by circPDHK1 promotes ccRCC progression via interacting with PPP1CA to inhibit AKT dephosphorylation and activate the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Bo , Ren Junwu , Ma Qiang , Yang Feifei , Pan Xiaojuan , Zhang Yuying , Liu Yuying , Wang Cong , Zhang Dawei , Wei Ling , Ran Lingyu , Zhao Hongwen , Liang Ce , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Shiming , Li Haiping , Ning Hao , Ran Ai , Li Wei , Wang Yongquan , Xiao Bin
Published: February 2024

Background

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent kidney cancer with high aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs have been identified as pivotal mediators in cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in ccRCC progression remains elusive.

Methods

The differentially expressed circRNAs in 4 paired human ccRCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues ccRCC were screened using circRNA microarrays and the candidate target was selected based on circRNA expression level using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. CircPDHK1 expression in ccRCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues (n = 148) were evaluated along with clinically relevant information. RT-qPCR, RNase R digestion, and actinomycin D (ActD) stability test were conducted to identify the characteristics of circPDHK1. The subcellular distribution of circPDHK1 was analyzed by subcellular fractionation assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and immunofluorescence (IF) were employed to evaluate the protein-coding ability of circPDHK1. ccRCC cells were transfected with siRNAs, plasmids or lentivirus approach, and cell proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice were assessed to clarify the functional roles of circPDHK1 and its encoded peptide PDHK1-241aa. RNA-sequencing, western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation (IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were further employed to identify the underlying mechanisms regulated by PDHK1-241aa.

Results

CircPDHK1 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues and closely related to WHO/ISUP stage, T stage, distant metastasis, VHL mutation and Ki-67 levels. CircPDHK1 had a functional internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and encoded a novel peptide PDHK1-241aa. Functionally, we confirmed that PDHK1-241aa and not the circPDHK1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC. Mechanistically, circPDHK1 was activated by HIF-2A at the transcriptional level. PDHK1-241aa was upregulated and interacted with PPP1CA, causing the relocation of PPP1CA to the nucleus. This thereby inhibited AKT dephosphorylation and activated the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that circPDHK1-encoded PDHK1-241aa promotes ccRCC progression by interacting with PPP1CA to inhibit AKT dephosphorylation. This study provides novel insights into the multiplicity of circRNAs and highlights the potential use of circPDHK1 or PDHK1-241aa as a therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Analgesic efficacy of an opioid-free postoperative pain management strategy versus a conventional opioid-based strategy following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy: an open-label, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Lin Zhimin , Chen Zhongbiao , Li Yongliang
Published: February 2024

Objective

In patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, the use of subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (STAPB) for completely opioid-free postoperative pain management lacks convincing clinical evidence.

Methods

This study included 112 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy at the 900TH Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force from October 2020 to March 2022. Patients were randomly divided into (1:1) continuous opioid-free STAPB (C-STAPB) group and conventional group. In the C-STAPB group, 0.2% ropivacaine (bilateral, 20 ml per side) was injected intermittently every 12 h through a catheter placed on the transverse abdominis plane for postoperative pain management. The conventional group was treated with a conventional intravenous opioid pump (2.5 μg/kg sufentanil and 10 mg tropisetron, diluted to 100 ml with 0.9% NS). The primary outcomes were the accumulative area under the curve of the numeric rating scale (NRS) score at 24 and 48 h postoperatively at rest and during movement. The secondary outcomes were postoperative recovery outcomes, postoperative daily food intake, and postoperative complications.

Results

After exclusion (n = 16), a total of 96 patients (C-STAPB group, n = 46; conventional group, n = 49) were included. We found there were no significant differences in the cumulative AUC of NRS score PACU-24 h and PACU-48 h between the C-STAPB group and conventional group at rest [(mean difference, 1.38; 95% CI, − 2.21 to 4.98, P = 0.447), (mean difference, 1.22; 95% CI, − 6.20 to 8.65, P = 0.744)] and at movement [(mean difference, 2.90; 95% CI, − 3.65 to 9.46; P = 0.382), (mean difference, 4.32; 95% CI, − 4.46 to 13.1; P = 0.331)]. The 95% CI upper bound of the difference between rest and movement in the C-STAPB group was less than the inferior margin value (9.5 and 14 points), indicating the non-inferiority of the analgesic effect of C-STPAB. The C-STAPB group had faster postoperative recovery profiles including earlier bowel movement, defecation, more volume of food intake postoperative, and lower postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to conventional groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

After laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, the analgesic effect of C-STAPBP is not inferior to the traditional opioid-based pain management model.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2100051784.
Surgical outcomes after reoperation for patients with recurrent presacral tumors: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Rui , Yu Zhiyuan , Ye Jiahu , Liu Xin , Li Peiyu , Zhao Xudong
Published: February 2024

Background

Relevant reports on the surgical resection and prognosis of recurrent presacral tumors are limited. The objective of this study was to explore the outcomes associated with surgical resection of recurrent presacral tumors.

Methods

The data of patients with recurrent presacral tumors who received surgical resection in our hospital between June 2009 and November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Thirty-one patients, comprising 22 females and 9 males, with recurrent presacral lesions were included in our study. A posterior approach was utilized in 27 patients, an anterior approach in 1 patient, and a combined approach in 3 patients. Intraoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (41.9%), while postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (19.4%). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in patients who underwent the posterior approach compared to those who underwent the anterior and combined approaches (P = 0.002). The operative time for the posterior approach was significantly shorter compared to both the anterior and combined approaches (P = 0.006). Temporary tamponade was performed for hemostasis in 4 patients, while staged resection was performed in 2 patients during the surgical treatment process. After a median follow-up period of 115.5 months, 5 patients with recurrent malignant presacral tumors succumbed to tumor recurrence after reoperation in our hospital.

Conclusions

Surgical resection remains the mainstream treatment for recurrent presacral tumors. The outcomes for recurrent benign presacral tumors after surgery demonstrate favorable results, whereas further enhancements are required to improve the outcomes for recurrent malignant presacral tumors after surgery.
Clinical application of the HM-1000 image processing for HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization signal quantification in breast cancer
Authors: Peg Vicente , Moline Teresa , Roig Miquel , Saruta Yuko , Cajal Santiago Ramon y
Published: February 2024

Background

Accurate quantification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification is important for predicting treatment response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HER2 status, particularly in cases with equivocal status on immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, but has some limitations of non-classical amplifications and such cases are diagnosed basing on additional IHC and FISH. This study investigated the clinical utility of a novel super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technique for the better FISH signal visualization and HER2 FISH classification.

Methods

Fourteen breast cancer tissue samples were retrospectively collected between September 2018 and February 2022, and FISH HER2 signal quantification was evaluated by determining the HER2/chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) ratio and the number of HER2 signals per nucleus in super- versus conventional-resolution images.

Results

Super-resolution images maintained the same overall HER2 diagnosis from routine, but HER2 FISH amplification changed negative to monosomy in two cases. Two Letrozole non-response relapses coincided to monosomy samples. The median number of HER2 signals per nucleus was 7.5 in super-resolution images and 4.0 in conventional-resolution images in HER2-positive samples and 2.8 and 2.1 signals per nucleus, respectively, in HER2-negative samples.

Conclusions

Super-resolution images improved signal visualization, including a significant difference in the number of countable HER2 and CEP17 signals in a single nucleus compared with conventional-resolution images. Increased accuracy of signal quantification by super-resolution microscopy may provide clinicians with more detailed information regarding HER2 FISH status that allows to better FISH classification such as HER2-low samples.
In vitro modulation of mTOR and mGlur5 influence α-synuclein accumulation
Authors: Xing Viktoria , Biggar Kyle , Ferguson Stephen S. G. , Hayley Shawn
Published: February 2024

One of the main hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation which forms the main component of intracellular Lewy body inclusions. This short report used preformed α-syn fibrils, as well as an A53T mutant α-syn adenovirus to mimic conditions of pathological protein aggregation in dopaminergic human derived SH-SY5Y neural cells. Since there is evidence that the mTOR pathway and glutamatergic signaling each influence protein aggregation, we also assessed the impact of the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin and the mGluR5 allosteric modulator, CTEP. We found that both rapamycin and CTEP induced a significant reduction of α-syn fibrils in SH-SY5Y cells and this effect was associated with a reduction in mTOR signaling and enhancement in autophagic pathway factors. These data support the possibility that CTEP (or rapamycin) might be a useful pharmacological approach to target abnormal α-syn accumulation by promoting intracellular degradation or enhanced clearance.
Dissecting the sequence and structural determinants guiding m6A deposition and evolution via inter- and intra-species hybrids
Authors: Shachar Ran , Dierks David , Garcia-Campos Miguel Angel , Uzonyi Anna , Toth Ursula , Rossmanith Walter , Schwartz Schraga
Published: February 2024

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification, and controls mRNA stability. m6A distribution varies considerably between and within species. Yet, it is unclear to what extent this variability is driven by changes in genetic sequences (‘cis’) or cellular environments (‘trans’) and via which mechanisms.

Results

Here we dissect the determinants governing RNA methylation via interspecies and intraspecies hybrids in yeast and mammalian systems, coupled with massively parallel reporter assays and m6A-QTL reanalysis. We find that m6A evolution and variability is driven primarily in ‘cis’, via two mechanisms: (1) variations altering m6A consensus motifs, and (2) variation impacting mRNA secondary structure. We establish that mutations impacting RNA structure - even when distant from an m6A consensus motif - causally dictate methylation propensity. Finally, we demonstrate that allele-specific differences in m6A levels lead to allele-specific changes in gene expression.

Conclusions

Our findings define the determinants governing m6A evolution and diversity and characterize the consequences thereof on gene expression regulation.
The first simultaneous spectroscopic and monochromatic imaging observations of short-wavelength infrared aurora of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$ Meinel (0,0) band at 1.1 $$\mathrm {\mu }$$m with incoherent scatter radar
Authors: Nishiyama Takanori , Kagitani Masato , Furutachi Senri , Iwasa Yuki , Ogawa Yasunobu , Tsuda Takuo T. , Dalin Peter , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Nozawa Satonori , Sigernes Fred
Published: February 2024

This study presents a first simultaneous observation of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 Meinel (0,0) band (hereafter, $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M)) aurora by cutting-edge short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrograph (NIRAS-2) and monochromatic camera (NIRAC) installed at the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (78$$^\circ$$

∘

N, 16$$^\circ$$

∘

E). On January 21 2023, $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) intensification that is associated with a band-shape aurora structure was observed by the NIRAS-2 and the NIRAC having temporal resolutions of 30 s and 20 s, respectively. In addition, the European incoherent scatter Svalbard Radar also observed electron density variations at the same time. Electron density measured at altitude range from 100 km 120 km shows similar variations as of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) intensity, which implies that a primary source of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) emissions is direct collisions of $$\mathrm {N_{2}}$$

N
2

by precipitating electrons penetrating down to around 100 km altitude (up to 10 keV). However, the observation also demonstrated moderate correlations between $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) intensity and electron density above 140 km, which implies that different $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) generation process, $$\mathrm {N_2}$$

N
2

charge exchange with $$\mathrm {O^{+}}$$

O
+

, may work up to near 160 km and make a non-negligible contribution to $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) emissions. This hypothesis would be verified with further radar observations or stereo imaging observations useful to estimate the vertical distribution of the emission layers. The $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) is a very promising target wavelength for aurora observation because the quality of sensors is highly expected to improve further and further. Continuous observations with our new instruments will undoubtedly provide an important information of $$\mathrm {N_{2}^{+}}$$

N

2

+

 (M) characteristics, for future missions of both balloon-borne and satellite-borne imaging.

Graphical Abstract
Social and psychological implications of actual and defacto childlessness among older persons in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan , Ha Jung-Hwa
Published: February 2024

We examine how ageing without children is linked to older adults’ social participation and psychological distress in selected East and Southeast Asian countries (South Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar). Recognizing the nuances of such ageing experiences, we distinguish between actual childlessness (older persons without children) and defacto childlessness (older persons whose children all lived far away). We harmonize and analyze recent nationally representative survey data from the five abovementioned countries, utilizing both descriptive and multivariate approaches. First, we investigate the prevalence and dimensions of actual and defacto childlessness. Second, we examine the extent to which actual and defacto childlessness are associated with social participation and psychological distress in old age. The analyses focus on gender and wealth differences. We find that actual childlessness is associated with lower levels of social participation in Southeast Asian countries and greater levels of psychological distress in Korea, Thailand, and Myanmar. The effects of defacto childlessness are, however, mixed. We discuss the social and psychological implications of childlessness for older adults across varying societal contexts in the five Asian countries.
Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament section for median arcuate ligament compression syndrome initially detected as splenic infarction: a case report
Authors: Takagi Toru , Morita Yoshifumi , Matsumoto Akio , Ida Shinya , Muraki Ryuta , Kitajima Ryo , Furuhashi Satoru , Takeda Makoto , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: February 2024

Background

Median arcuate ligament compression syndrome (MALS) causes upper abdominal pain and at times hemodynamic abnormalities in the pancreaticoduodenal region.

Herein, we present a case of a 70 year-old man, initially diagnosed with splenic infarction and was successfully treated laparoscopically.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man with abdominal pain admitted to our hospital. Abdominal-enhanced computed tomography revealed a poorly contrasted area in the spleen and stenosis at the root of the celiac artery. Arterial dilatation was observed around the pancreaticoduodenal arcade, however, no obvious aneurysm formation or arterial dissection was observed. Abdominal-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging indicated the disappearance of the flow void at the root of the celiac artery. The patient had no history of atrial fibrillation and was diagnosed with splenic infarction due to median arcuate ligament compression syndrome. We performed a laparoscopic median arcuate ligament section with five ports. Intraoperative ultrasonography showed a retrograde blood flow in the common hepatic artery and the celiac artery. After releasing the compression, the antegrade blood flow from the celiac artery to the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery were visualized using intraoperative ultrasonography. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful, and he was discharged on postoperative day 9. Postoperative computed tomography a month after surgery revealed no residual stenosis of the celiac artery or dilation of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade. Furthermore, the poorly contrasted area of the spleen improved.

Conclusions

Reports indicate that hemodynamic changes in the abdominal visceral arteries due to median arcuate ligament compression are related to the formation of pancreaticoduodenal aneurysms. In this case, median arcuate ligament compression syndrome caused splenic infarction by reducing blood flow to the splenic artery.
Duodenal tuberculosis with gastric outlet obstruction: a case report of successful diagnosis and treatment, with review of literature
Authors: Sato Nami , Shiobara Masayuki , Wakatsuki Kazuo , Suda Kosuke , Miyazawa Kotaro , Aida Toshiaki , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Tawada Katsunobu , Matsubara Yoshiki , Hosokawa Yohei , Yoshioka Shigeru
Published: February 2024

Background

Duodenal tuberculosis (TB) is extremely rare, and its diagnosis is challenging owing to the lack of specific symptoms and radiological or endoscopic findings. When it leads to gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), diagnosing it accurately and providing appropriate treatment is crucial. However, this is often overlooked.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, fullness, vomiting, and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and radiography revealed nearly pinpoint stenosis with edematous and reddish mucosa in the D1/D2 portion of the duodenum. Computed tomography (CT) showed the duodenal wall thickening, luminal narrowing, multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, and portal vein stenosis. Conventional mucosal biopsy during endoscopy revealed ulcer scars. We initially suspected stenosis due to peptic ulcers; however, chest CT revealed cavitary lesions in both lung apices, suggesting tuberculosis. Due to the suspicion of duodenal TB and the need to obtain deeper tissue samples, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed. The tissue sample showed caseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells, and acid-fast bacilli were positive by Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The patient was diagnosed with duodenal TB and subsequent GOO. Because the patient had difficulty eating, surgical intervention was prioritized over antitubercular drugs, and laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy was performed. The patient started an oral diet on the 3rd postoperative day and began antitubercular treatment immediately after discharge on the 11th day. During the 6th month of treatment, endoscopic examination revealed residual duodenal stenosis; however, the bypass route functioned well, and the patient remained asymptomatic.

Conclusions

An aggressive biopsy should be performed to diagnose duodenal TB. EUS-FNA has proven to be a useful tool in this regard. Both nutritional improvement and antitubercular treatment were achieved early and reliably by performing laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy for duodenal TB with GOO.