bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hauptversammlung und Internet
Authors: Heckelmann Martin
Published: December 2020

Das Internet bietet zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, um auf die Aktionäre im Rahmen der Hauptversammlung zuzugehen. Die Arbeit stellt die relevanten Techniken vor und untersucht deren Zulässigkeit bei der Vorbereitung und Durchführung des Aktionärstreffens. Sie orientiert sich dabei am zeitlichen Ablauf der Hauptversammlung und erläutert, worauf beim Einsatz von E-Mail, World Wide Web, Hyperlinks, Audio- und Video-Übertragungen zu achten ist. Bewertungsmaßstab sind auch Corporate Governance-Gesichtspunkte, so daß der rechtlichen Betrachtung stets eine betriebswirtschaftliche folgt. Die Dissertation ist somit gleichzeitig ein Praxishandbuch für sämtliche Fragen zum Internet-Einsatz auf der Hauptversammlung.
Der Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit im Vergaberecht
Authors: Meurers David
Published: December 2020

In 2016, the principle of proportionality was introduced as a procurement principle in German law. Hence, this study examines the provisions of public procurement law to determine to what extent and on what legal basis the principle of proportionality applies in a given context. It will improve the manageability of the principle for procurement practice and contribute to the developing academic understanding of procurement law. Beyond that, the work provides fundamental insights for the general understanding of the principle of proportionality in the European multi-level system. The author is a legal adviser at the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community.
Impacts of Agricultural Toxicity on Non-Target Organisms in Aquatic Ecosystem
Authors: Chagas de Araújo Marlyete , Rodrigo Dias de Assis Caio , Artur de Queiroz Cavalcanti de Sá Rafael , Gomes da Silva Jordany , Oliveira de Veras Bruno , Catiely Campos Silva Kaline , Pereira Carvalho dos Santos Glauber , de Melo Oliveira Vagne , Ferreira dos Santos Juliana , Lúcia Figueiredo Porto Ana , Betânia Melo de Oliveira Maria
Published: December 2020

The present review addresses the impacts of pesticides used in crops on non-target organisms in aquatic ecosystems. In recent decades, these ecosystems have received large amounts of these compounds, which are released by urban communities, rural and industrial properties. Pesticides reach the aquatic environment through different routes (leaching, irrigation, drainage, and surface runoff) and can easily reach non-target organisms, such as fish, mollusks, as well as other benthic organisms. Usually, these animals tend to undergo bioaccumulation. Exposure to these pesticides can cause numerous physiological changes by direct influence on certain cellular structures, such as on the lysosomal membrane, which can be degraded. Also, they can even react with nucleic acids resulting in several genetic injuries, thus causing adverse reactions to the body. There is a need for more incentives for the adoption of sustainable agroecological practices, as well as a ban on active ingredients harmful to the environment, in addition to strict inspection by competent environmental agencies.
Development of a Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for the Detection of West Nile Virus
Authors: Lee Jae Woong , Won Yu-Jung , Lee Sung-Geun , Paik Soon-Young
Published: December 2020

Background: The West Nile Virus (WNV), discovered in New York, USA in 1999 after it was first isolated in Uganda in 1937, has since spread not only in the United States but also around the world. Africa, Eurasia, Australia, and the Middle East have sporadic cases of the disease. Objectives: We aimed to find real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to be more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR, and more rapid and efficient than conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR for WNV detection. Methods: A total of 32 genomic sequences from different strains of WNV were analyzed to identify conserved nucleotide sequence regions. Six WNV specific RT-LAMP primers targeting the E gene were designed. Results: The novel primer for the real-time RT-LAMP assay can detect WNV with high specificity. The efficiency of the real-time RT-LAMP assay is higher than the conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Real-time RT-PCR and conventional PCR require at least 30 – 40 min and 2 h, respectively, to yield results, whereas real-time RT-LAMP provides positive results in only 10 – 20 min. Conclusions: The novel primers were developed by analyzing of 32 genomic sequences of WNV strains. The primers were designed from the most conserved region of the E gene for real-time RT-LAMP. The LAMP assay is a rapid, efficient, highly sensitive, and specific tool for the identification of WNV.
Ecology as a Way to Combine Knowledge about the Natural and Social in Human Being
Authors: Liseev Igor K. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The article considers the process of expanding the subject and methods of research in modern environmental science. It is shown how, following the traditional biological science of ecology, new directions of ecological knowledge arise under the influence of research activities: social ecology, anthropoecology. Knowledge about a human being is achieved through the use of both natural and human sciences. A great step in expanding the subject of modern ecology was the intensive formation of human ecology in recent years, in which the need for the formation of a unity of natural science and socio-humanitarian research methods was reflected most clearly. In contrast to biological ecology, in which the main focus of research was the principles of natural science research, in social ecology, socio-humanitarian issues become dominant, and in human ecology-the synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian approaches. It's time to abandon the progressive illusions of the past and move on to the awareness of the specifics of sustainable civilizational development at the present stage. This sustainable development presupposes the co-evolution of society and nature, such a co-development of society and nature, in which both components of this single system do not oppose each other, do not conflict, but organically presuppose each other in their combined, harmonious development. Thus, now acting as a unified science that studies the interaction of the central coreof the system and its environment, ecology sets new guidelines for understanding the organization of scientific knowledge, the mood of the modern world picture is falling. A promising way for ecology is to grow into a modern universal organizational science. But this is a distant prospect. However, even now, such a renewed ecology can provide much for Russia’s search for its modern civilizational path, clarifying the organization of scientific knowledge, specifying the contours of the modern scientific picture of the world.
QBism: An Analytical Review
Authors: Pechenkin Alexander A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

A new interpretation of quantum mechanics, the interpretation which became popular in XXI, has been taken under consideration. This is the quantum baysinism (QBism) which may be taken as an extrapolation of the baysian philosophy of probability over the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The baysian philosophy of quantum mechanics has been compared with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the interpretation which can been treated as standard as it is represented in the main textbooks. In contrast to the Copenhagen interpretation which proceeds from the triplets – nature, apparatus and observer (agent), QBism emphasizes the conscious of the observer: the quantum state is the observer’s state, and by means of the quantum conceptual technique the observer constructs his/her own image of quantum processes. By means of measurement the observer updates his/her quantum state, the measuring apparatus being an extension of the observer’s sensuality. From the point of the QBism’s view the phenomenon of decoherence which is widely discussed in the contemporary literature is not essential for the theory of measurement in quantum mechanics. The decoherence explains why the macroscopic phenomena don’t expose the interference behavior which is characteristic for quantum superposition. From the historicо-philosophical point of view Qbism can be traced back to American instrumentalism and operationalism.
Is Logic Out of This World?
Authors: Raven Michael J. ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: December 2020

Is logic out of this world? This elusive question reveals a tension in our thinking about the basis of logic: both worldly and unworldly answers get something right and yet they conflict. My aim is to clarify the question and explore a conciliatory answer. I focus on a characterization of unworldliness in terms of ground. This allows for a distinction between proximal and distal unworldliness. That in turn reconfigures our approach to the question. It may now be taken as asking for the proximal or the distal basis of logic. This helps alleviate the tension because the answer for the one need not conflict with a different answer for the other. I explore a case study culminating in an illustration of how a logical truth may indeed be proximally worldly but distally unworldly. I conclude by considering some potential extensions.
Counting Animals in War
Authors: Milburn Josh , Van Goozen Sara ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: December 2020

War is harmful to animals, but few have considered how such harm should affect assessments of the justice of military actions. In this article, we propose a way in which concern for animals can be included within the just-war framework, with a focus on necessity and proportionality. We argue that counting animals in war will not make just-war theory excessively demanding, but it will make just-war theory more humane. By showing how animals can be included in our proportionality and necessity assessments, we provide a crucial first step towards developing an animal-inclusive account of just-war theory.
Clinicopathologic Features of Tissue Granulomas in Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Study in a Nontuberculosis Endemic Region
Authors: Nussbaum Eliezer Zachary , Patel Kishan K. , Assi Roland , Raad Rita Abi , Malinis Maricar , Azar Marwan M.
Published: December 2020

Context.—

There is a paucity of literature about tissue granulomas in transplant patients.

Objective.—

To characterize the clinicopathologic features of granulomas in this population and develop a clinically judicious approach to their evaluation.

Design.—

We performed chart reviews of solid organ and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients at Yale New Haven Hospital to identify patients with granulomas on biopsy obtained pathologic specimens. Pretransplant and posttransplant specimens were included. Data points included demographics, clinical presentation, epidemiologic risk factors, biopsy indication, location and timing, immunosuppression, histopathology, microbiology, and associated clinical diagnosis. Granuloma-related readmissions and mortality were recorded at 1, 3, and 12 months.

Results.—

Biopsy proven granulomas were identified in 56 of 2139 (2.6%) patients. Of 56, 16 (29%) were infectious. Common infectious etiologies were bartonellosis (n = 3) and cytomegalovirus hepatitis (n = 3). Tuberculosis was not identified. Clinical symptoms prompted tissue biopsy in 27 of 56 (48.2%) cases while biopsies were obtained for evaluation of incidental findings or routine disease surveillance in 29 of 56 (51.8%). Presence of symptoms was significantly associated with infectious etiologies; 11 of 27 (40.7%) symptomatic patients compared with 5 of 29 (17.2%) asymptomatic patients had infectious causes. One death from granulomatous cryptogenic organizing pneumonia occurred. In pretransplant asymptomatic patients, no episodes of symptomatic disease occurred posttransplantation.

Conclusions.—

Granulomas were uncommon in a large transplant population; most were noninfectious but presence of symptoms was associated with infectious etiologies. Granulomas discovered pretransplant without clear infectious etiology likely do not require prolonged surveillance after transplantation. Symptomatology and epidemiologic risks factors should guide extent of microbiologic evaluation.
Análise da produção científica sobre planejamento territorial [“territorial planning”] indexados na base de dados Scopus: perspectivas de novas pesquisas no campo da comunicação e participação social
Authors: Staloch Rubens , Rocha Isa De Oliveira , Lucas Elaine Rosangela de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho analisa, do ponto de vista bibliométrico, um panorama no cenário mundial e especialmente no âmbito do Brasil sobre o termo “territorial planning”. Baseia-se na aplicação de métricas bibliométricas a partir da base de dados Scopus. Como resultado, a partir da discussão realizada, se verificou a ausência, ou incipiência, de publicações [artigos] que versam sobre planejamento territorial, participação e comunicação. E desta forma, se quer incitar novas e mais discussões acerca do assunto.
A multiperspectividade no comentário esportivo: como saberes de jornalistas e ex-jogadores de futebol podem dialogar entre si
Authors: Felberg Bruno
Published: December 2020

A proposta deste artigo é desenvolver uma discussão acerca do diálogo entre jornalistas e ex-jogadores de futebol que exercem a função de comentarista esportivo na televisão. Essa discussão será proposta sob a ótica da multiperspectividade. O objetivo desse artigo é discutir como os saberes de jornalistas e de ex-jogadores de futebol podem dialogar durante seus comentários em uma transmissão televisiva.
Eleição Presidencial da Rússia em 2018: debates presidenciais e a audiência no Youtube
Authors: Moraes Thiago Perez Bernardes de
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho traz cinco hipóteses sobre a eleição presidencial russa de (2018) e o padrão de uso do Youtube: a) Putin provavelmente foi o candidato mais popular; (b) possivelmente os debates afetaram o interesse por candidatos; (c) possivelmente os debates pressões distintas no interesse por candidatos; (d) o último debate (próximo ao dia D) possivelmente foi o que mais gerou acessos; (e) possivelmente, as buscas no Youtube afetaram pouco as intenções de voto. Os resultados corroboram as hipóteses e apontam para um ciberespaço político russo que age como contrapeso à falta de espaço dos candidatos nos meios de comunicação de massa.
Um olhar teórico e metodológico das pesquisas de fact-checking em jornalismo
Authors: Borcezi Daniela , Morais Carlos Willians Jaques
Published: December 2020

O artigo se propõe identificar a consistência teórica e metodológica das pesquisas acadêmicas sobre fact-checking entre os anos 2015, 2016 e 2017, com objetivo de refletir a construção do conhecimento científico no âmbito jornalístico. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa e de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1979) das pesquisas acadêmicas, constatou-se que grande parte das discussões não se limita a descrição empírica do objeto estudado, porém é necessário avançar nas explicações metodológica aplicadas nos trabalhos, abordagem essencial para o amadurecimento do jornalismo no campo científico.
O Carnaval em Ponta Grossa e a cobertura jornalística do Cultura Plural: os desafios do jornalismo cultural nos Campos Gerais
Authors: Bomfim Ivan , Woitowicz Karina Janz , Castro João Guilherme , Villanueva Millena
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de cobertura jornalística do Carnaval de Ponta Grossa (PR) no ano de 2019 pelos estudantes do curso de Jornalismo da UEPG participantes do projeto de extensão Cultura Plural. O projeto surgiu em 2011 e desde então realiza coberturas diárias da cena cultura de Ponta Grossa. Em 2019 foi decidido que haveria uma cobertura especial do Carnaval da região dos Campos Gerais. Foram realizadas coberturas em Ponta Grossa e em Tibagi (PR). Os resultados aqui apresentados mostram como os estudantes puderam aplicar na prática extensionista novos formatos de cobertura utilizando redes sociais e demais formatos de produção jornalística.
El derecho de acceso a la información pública en el marco del constitucionalismo multinivel y de la actual crisis sanitaria
Authors: Pérez Conchillo Eloísa
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en conectar dos cuestiones claves del constitucionalismo contemporáneo. En concreto, se vincularán problemas derivados del constitucionalismo multinivel con el derecho de acceso a la información pública en contexto actual. Se ha visto que la teoría del constitucionalismo multinivel suscita aun problemas metodológicos de integración que pueden causar dificultades en la interpretación de los derechos fundamentales. Esa falta de integración se revela de manera clara en relación con aquellos derechos que están ajustando su alcance y contenido a la luz de la realidad social del momento, y que además cuentan con diverso grado o forma de protección en atención al espacio constitucional en que se estudien. Esta idea es la que justifica la elección del derecho de acceso a la información pública como vehículo para poner de manifiesto algunas cuestiones pendientes de integración en el sistema multinivel. De un lado, el derecho de acceso a la información pública ostenta una relevancia democrática que sin duda alguna se ha visto reforzada en el marco de la actual crisis sanitaria del COVID-19. Podrá comprobarse en este sentido el papel esencial que viene desarrollando el derecho de acceso a la información pública en la gestión nacional e internacional de la pandemia para compensar arbitrariedades, falta de transparencia, inseguridad jurídica y todas las incertidumbres generadas por la propagación de desinformación. A este papel democrático esencial se suma otro dato relevante y es que el análisis del derecho de acceso a la información pública adquiere interés constitucional por sí mismo. Se trata de un derecho sumamente rico, que aporta matices en lo relativo a la interpretación de los derechos, puesto que es objeto de diferente grado o forma de protección a tenor del espacio constitucional en el que se analice (Consejo de Europa, Unión europea y ordenamiento interno español). De manera que, un acercamiento al derecho de acceso a la información pública permitirá reflejar algunas cuestiones pendientes para la interpretación de los derechos en el contexto multinivel.
A Matrix Method for Generating Pythagorean Triples
Authors: Lefton Phyllis
Published: December 2020

This article describes a program that uses an interesting matrix method to generate Pythagorean triples -that is, solutions of the equation a2 + b2 = c2 for which a, b, and c are integers. Only primitive triples are found, that is, those for which a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, and the greatest common divisor of a, b, and c is one. This result suffices because nonprimitive triples are just multiples of primitive ones. We shall use the abbreviation PPT for primitive Pythagorean triple.
Teaching Probability—Some Legal Applications
Authors: Halpern Noemi
Published: December 2020

Introducing real-world applications to mathematics classes is one of the best educational ways of motivating students. Probability is an area of mathematics with many interesting applications, and the law is one field to which probability can usefully be applied. In this article some concepts of probability are defined, some categories of legal cases that invite the application of probability are described, and a sample of specific court cases is given.
Guessing Geometric Shapes
Authors: Bledsoe Gloria J.
Published: December 2020

Searching for commonalities and recognizing distinguishing characteristics are important problem-solving strategies. During the study of geometry, students are bombarded with the properties of numerous geometric figures and can benefit from opportunities to integrate all these ideas. The game “Guess What?” is a stimulating vehicle for students to consider the unifying or distinguishing features of geometric figures.
Tape Constructions
Authors: Evered Lisa
Published: December 2020

Construction problems long have been a favorite subject in geometry. Indeed, students find constructions a welcome diversion from the formal deductive approach to geometry. In classical construction problems only the use of ruler and compass is allowed, and the ruler is used merely as a straightedge, not for measuring or marking off distances. This restriction to ruler and compass goes back to antiquity. The Greeks, however, did not hesitate to use other instruments when the need arose. For example, a ruler in the form of a right angle was used to solve certain problems such as “doubling the cube” (Courant and Robbins 1941).
A Look at the Second International Mathematics Study Results in the U.S.A. and Japan
Authors: Horvath Patricia J.
Published: December 2020

Japanese results from the Second International Mathematics Study (SIMS) for first-year middle school and third-year high school students appeared in Septemher 1981 under the title Chuugakkoo-Kookoo no Suugaku no Seiseki (Mathematics Achievement of Middle and High School Students). United States' results for SIMS for the eighth and twelfth graders appeared, respectively, in the April 1985 editions of the Arithmetic Teacher and Mathematics Teacher (McKnight and Travers 1985a, 1985b). More detailed results were available in a report entitled Second International Mathematics Study Summary Report for the United States of January 1985. Given the current state of thinking and interest on both sides of the Pacific in mathematics achievement, a look at some of the results for Japan in comparison with those of the United States is very timely.
Maalox® Lottery: A Novel Probability Problem
Authors: Litwiller Bonnie H. , Duncan David R.
Published: December 2020

Teachers of probability units are always searching for real-world examples, which can often be found in surprising places. We recently found such an example. One of the authors frequently needs to take Maalox® Plus, an antacid. These flat tablets are white on one side and yellow on the other. They are packaged on cardboard cards that have six tablets in separate transparent-plastic “cylinders”. On each card the tablets form a 2-by-3 array. Each package contains two cards.
Place Your Geometry Class in “Geopardy”
Authors: Saunders Hal M.
Published: December 2020

Imagine your sixth-period geometry class three minutes before Christmas vacation begins. Chances are you've long since abandoned geometry, and those who are not talking excitedly to their friends or finishing up the cookies and punch are trying to sneak out the door. In previous years, that was the typical scene in my class too, but this year at 2:32 everyone was seated, all twenty-five pairs of eyes were riveted to the overhead projector screen, and the excited roar was the sound of students begging me to put up one more geometry problem. What was my secret? “Geopardy,” a geometry version of the television game show “Jeopardy.”
Chuck-a-luck: Learning Probability Concepts with Games of Chance
Authors: Noone E. T.
Published: December 2020

Chuck-a-luck is a dice game that is easy to understand and to play. It offers an excellent means of teaching the fundamental idea of the expected value of a random variable. Furthermore, by using a simple BASIC program, the game can easily be simulated on the computer. For students to appreciate and follow the discussion, it is necessary for them to have a basic understanding of such elementary probability concepts as computing simple classical probabilities and computing the probabilities of independent and mutually exclusive events
An Application of the Criteria ASASA for Quadrilaterals
Authors: Hurd Spencer P.
Published: December 2020

Two polygons are congruent if a correspondence exists between vertices such that corresponding sides and angles are congruent. If the polygons are triangles then each has six parts that must correspond exactly, the three sides and three angles. But, as we all know, the congruence of two triangles can be det ermined from the congruence of only three of these six parts provided that the three parts are chosen according to the familiar rules SSS, SAS, ASA, or AAS.
Sharing Teaching Ideas
Authors: Blais Donald M. , Butler Margaret S. , Holley Ann D.
Published: December 2020

Algebra teachers have all seen enors resulting from students' inability to recognize mathematical symbolism as an abstraction of or a generalization of physical models. Sometimes students' inability to estimate comes from this same inability to associate a physical setting with a mathematical concept. An important skill for teachers to learn is how to interpret the mathematical symbolism in concrete terms. Students need continual reminders
The Rule of 78: A Rule That Outlived Its Useful Life
Authors: Johnson Alonzo F.
Published: December 2020

Few topics taught in mathematics are more important to our students than interest on borrowed money. Slight changes in interest rates can change loan payments by many dollars. But, if interest rates on two loans are the same, the method of calculating interest may affect the interest cost of the loans.
Constructivism—a Theoretical Revolution for Algebra
Authors: Blais Donald M.
Published: December 2020

Some hauntingly simple theories of knowledge are emerging from the field of cognitive science. The theories are simple and seemingly dull, yet their implications are shocking. These theories challenge some of the most basic assumptions currently held by most mathematics and science teachers regarding how mathematics and science should be taught.
Magic Squares of All Orders
Authors: McCranie Judson
Published: December 2020

In an article in the Mathematics Teacher, Pizarro (1986) makes the statement that no general procedures seem to be available for generating magic squares of even orders. His mysterious statement is definitely false. Methods of construction for all orders have been known for decades.
The Domino Effect: Problem Solving with Common Table Games
Authors: Reimer Wilbert
Published: December 2020

One day I walked into my principles-of-mathematics class and held up a box of double-9 dominoes. “How many dominoes are in this box?” I asked. “Can you tell me the answer without reading the box cover and without dumping them out and counting?”
Using Calculators on Achievement Tests
Authors: Long Vena M. , Reys Barbara , Osterlind Steven J.
Published: December 2020

The content and emphasis of mathematics programs has been the subject of much discussion in recent years. Such technological advances as the increased availability and use of computers and calculators have caused a tremendous and sudden shift in the mathematical needs of today's citizens. Whereas twenty years ago mathematical operations using paper and pencil were the only means of doing tedious computation, today people use a hand-held calculator or computer to do such tasks as totaling grocery receipts, figuring interest payments, completing income tax forms, and balancing checkbooks.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: Not Just Any Three Points!
Authors: Sconyers James M.
Published: December 2020

In geometry the property of collinearity often arises as a caveat. Something may be true only if the points involved are collinear, or perhaps only if the points are not collinear, For example, in a plane three points determine a circle; we quickly add a caveat that the points must not be collinear. When this topic came up recently in my geometry class a student wondered about the truth of the claim and the necessity for the restiction. We digressed rewardingly to explore. We sketched some situations, then quickly standardized a simplified approach.
When Did Euclid Live? An Answer Plus a Short History of Geometry
Authors: Adele Gail H.
Published: December 2020

Ask your geometry students the question in the title. You may be surprised at their answers. When several of my students thought the date might be in the 1800s, I realized that the time had come to talk about the history of geometry. Because I was unable to locate a “short history,” it was necessary to consult many sources, which resulted in the following chronological table on which I based my lecture. Sources that I found most useful are indicated after each entry. The history of geometry comes alive if pictures are also included. By using a copy machine to enlarge the pictures- sometimes repeating the process several times-and then making a transparency with the copy machine, I was able to use the overhead projector to show them. I hope other teachers will find this information useful and include a short history of geometry in their classes. The chronological table could also be used as a basis for a mathematics history time line constructed by your students (see Denson [19871).
Applications: Gears, Ratios, And The Bicycle
Authors: Gerber Daniel Timothy
Published: December 2020

Inevitably a teacher will encounter students who see “no reason” to study mathematics beyond the basics. When asked why they are enrolled in a higher mathematics course, students usually mention college requirements. It then becomes the responsibility of the textbook author and the instructor to generate interest in mathematics. Authors generally include applied mathematics problems in their texts; however, students find such problems more interesting when they can directly acquire the information needed for solution. This approach is certainly a teaching advantage if the instructor is willing to bring props into the classroom. In this spirit, I have used a ten-speed bicycle to illustrate gear function because it is familiar to most students.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: The Sales Game
Authors: Demchik Michael J.
Published: December 2020

This game has been successfully used as a culminating activity for students in general mathematics classes. It offers students the chance to practice discounting and other operations related to sales, as well as to practice using a calculator.
Writing to Enhance Learning in General Mathematics
Authors: Havens Lynn
Published: December 2020

Several years ago my school district adopted the “writing across the curriculum” idea. The administration hoped that incorporating writing in all areas would result in students' improving their writing skills. As a mathematics teacher, I never required my students to write. However, in preceding years, as a result of teaching some low-ability science classes in which I included written assignments, I was aware that many students have problems communicating through writing. For this reason, I joined the group of teachers volunteering for the program. I decided to start with the students in a general mathematics class.
Recursion Mathematics
Authors: Olson Alton T.
Published: December 2020

Recursion is a powerful tool for thinking about mathematics whenever we have enough information at step n − 1 to give us a knowledge of step n. By using this idea, it is possible to solve many mathematical problems with great ease or to have a different image of a situation. Computer scientists are critical of the unrestricted use of recursion because it is not always an efficient use of computing power and because many problems that can be solved using recursion are more efficiently solved using simple iterative methods. Although these criticisms are well taken, they should not deter us from using recursion as a mental tool.
Mathenger Hunt: Mathematics Matters
Authors: Falba Christy J. , Weiss Maria J.
Published: December 2020

Why do we need to know this?” This often-posed question is a favorite of students in intermediate and middle school mathematics classes. Although a teacher may answer by giving examples of how mathematics is used in real life, a more complete answer that helps to establish a need for mathematics in students' future careers can easily be presented.
Tips for Beginners: The Human Coordinate System
Authors: Crouse Richard J. , Aubrey Alison
Published: December 2020

While teaching coordinate geometry to a class of reluctant mathematics students, I soon realized that the majority of these students were finding the concepts difficult to grasp. The task of finding some means of presenting the material in a concrete, realistic, and I hoped-enjoyable way inspired the ideas of a human coordinate system.
Is the Graph of y = kx Straight?
Authors: Friedlander Alex , Dreyfus Tommy
Published: December 2020

So as to create a little suspense, we declare in advance that the answer to the innocent question posed in the title depends on what is meant by x and y. In this article, we shall show how the well-known fact that the graph of y = kx in a Cartesian coordinate system is straight can be used as a point of departure for investigations into loci in non-Cartesian coordinate systems.
Soundoff: Sell Them on Mathematics!
Authors: Venters Diana
Published: December 2020

On a recent episode of a television game show, a contestant's response to the statement “The high school subject you have had the least use for” was “Algebra.” This lucky contestant had matched the number-one response of those surveyed. I, in turn, sank into a depression over yet another assault on mathematics teaching and learning.
Start the Year Right-Discover Pick's Theorem
Authors: Wilcock Douglas
Published: December 2020

Many students come back from a too-long summer vacation eager to learn or at least eager for a change. Some are also hoping that somehow the year will be both challenging and rewarding. So let's meet their expectations right away.
A Visual Approach to Algebra Concepts
Authors: Morelli Lynn
Published: December 2020

The study of mathematics should include opportunities to communicate so that students can model situations using oral, written, concrete, pictorial, graphical, and algebraic methods. (NCTM 1989, 78)
Technology, Linear Equations, and Buying a Car
Authors: Sandefur James T.
Published: December 2020

We ran an NSF Teacher Enhancement summer workshop on modeling with discrete mathematics at Georgetown University for three summers ending in 1991. Each summer we worked with forty secondary school mathematics teachers in the Washington, D.C., area, with a school-year follow-up consisting of classroom visits and monthly seminars. One objective of this workshop was to work with teachers in developing real-world applications that are relevant to students but that contain important mathematical concepts. The use of technology broadens the range of applications that can be used.
David Copperfield's Orient Express Card Trick
Authors: Kolpas Sidney J.
Published: December 2020

On Tuesday, 9 April 1991, a major television network spotlighted an hour-long evening special featuring illusions of the renowned magician David Copperfield. The program, titled “Mystery on the Orient Express.” included a card trick in which viewers could participate. The card trick and its potential use in the mathematics classroom are the focus of this article.
A Trigonometric Exploration
Authors: DiDomenico Angelo S.
Published: December 2020

Open explorations are exciting and enriching experiences and can lead to some interesting findings. These activities develop confidence and self-direction, challenge our analytical and creative powers, and give valuable insights into the nature and growth of mathematics. An investigation can begin in a variety of ways. It can start with an observation and a question, with a search for patterns and relations, and on a more sophisticated level, with an exploration of the implications of known properties and relations.
Grade Assignment Based on Progressive Improvement
Authors: Esty Warren W. , Teppo Anne R.
Published: December 2020

The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics states, “Evaluation is a tool for implementing the Standards and effecting change systematically” (1989, 189). Tests are one facet of evaluation, and we maintain that mathematics classes are strongly affected by the way in which test scores are used to generate final course grades. In the traditional secondary school mathematics class, current grading practices tend to drive instruction by putting constraints on specific course content and its organization. In turn, content and its organization affect testing and therefore grading. The interaction of these factors is an aspect of assessment that is not specifically discussed by the NCTM's evaluation standards. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of grading on mathematics instruction and on the implementation of the curriculum and evaluations standards.
Social Security Polynomials
Authors: Gordon Sheldon P.
Published: December 2020

All too often, we hear people complain that they are treated only as a number. This article shows how numerical anonymity can be turned to advantage in the mathematics classroom by using a student's Social Security number to produce a variety of individualized problems to investigate using computers or sophisticated graphing calculators. These problems, in turn, help students develop a deeper understanding of the associated mathematical concepts.
Implementing the “Curriculum and Evaluation Standards”: Ladders and Saws
Authors: Tvrdik Debra , Blum Dave
Published: December 2020

How many of our students begin the school year apprehensive and fearful of their geometry class? They enter the room having heard all sorts of horror stories about the dreaded two-column proof and all those theorems. Too often, geometry is taught mechanically with an emphasis on recalling facts. The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (1989) calls for a move away from geometry as a tour through a collection of predetermined Euclidean theorems and their proofs. Instead, they advocate greater attention to approaches using coordinates and transformations, to real-world applications and modeling, and to investigations leading to student-generated theorems and conjectures, with supporting arguments expressed orally or in paragraph form. As teachers, we search for activities that will involve our students in the study of geometry and help them to understand the “whys” behind the facts. The following activity employs several strategies to enable students to make conjectures, construct mathematical ideas, and use mathematics as a tool to communicate with others.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: The Incredible Shrinking Can: Mathematics of Diminishing Returns Revealed and Gening Your Money's Worth in Business Mathematics
Authors: Swetz Frank , Frahm Bruce
Published: December 2020

I like to drink vegetable juice with my lunch. Small cans of this juice are sold in our school cafeteria. Several weeks ago, I noticed a change-the former steel container had been replaced by a streamlined aluminum can and the previous paper label had been eliminated by painting the producetJs message on the cylinder's sw-face. This new can is very attractive. However, when I picked it up, I noticed several disturbing and noncosmetic differences: the top of the can was deeply recessed into the body and a false bottom had been added.
What Is a Quadrilateral?
Authors: Pereira-Mendoza Lionel
Published: December 2020

The Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics CNCTM 1989) includes a specific standard on communication.
Association of nursing activity participation and clinical practice stress with career maturity during clinical practice of nursing college students
Authors: Han Seo Young , Kwak Su Jin , Choi Bo Gyeong , Jeon Hyeong Ju , Lee Myung Kyung
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out the association of nursing activity participation and clinical practice stress with career maturity during clinical practice among nursing college students.Methods: Participants of the study were 201 nursing college students located in nationwide regions. Data collection was performed between July 18 and August 8, 2019. Data analyses were performed through an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0.Results: The results of this study were as follows. We ran multiple regression analyses to see which critical factors influenced career maturity. The general characteristics significantly associated with career maturity were preference for clinical nursing, admission to nursing college due to belief, time off, and being satisfied with clinical practice. Regarding clinical practice stress, clinic environment, interpersonal relationship conflict, inappropriate role model and conflict with patients were significantly associated with career maturity.Conclusion: This study suggested that, to improve nursing students’ career maturity, nursing colleges and training fields should collaboratively make an efforts to reduce students’ stress by building educational clinic environments including managing conflicts in interpersonal relationships among patients, caregivers, and medical and non-medical personnel, and improving inappropriate role models in nursing.
Attitude and knowledge on PTSD of nursing and paramedic students in Korea
Authors: Hong Sun-Woo , Bang Kyung-Sook , Bang Hwal Lan , Lim Jihee
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify attitude and knowledge level on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nursing and paramedic students.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 1st to 20th in 2019. A total of 210 students participated from two universities in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance.Results: Students were positive about the government's spending on PTSD treatment (91.4%), and professional training (92.4%). PTSD patients were considered to be more dangerous (68.1%) and violent (42.4%) than the general population. There were no significant differences in attitude and general knowledge on PTSD between nursing and paramedic students. However, general knowledge on PTSD differed according to education experience on PTSD (t=2.04, p=.043). Knowledge scores for PTSD treatment differed significantly according to the academic major (t=2.02, p=.044), and education experience on PTSD (t=2.87, p=.005).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate nursing and paramedic students lack knowledge on PTSD. Therefore, developing curriculum regarding PTSD-related contents in undergraduate and continuing education in both departments is needed to provide better quality health care to people with PTSD.
Critical Analysis of Strategies Towards Creating an Adequate Level of Awareness on Cybercrime among the Youth in Gauteng Province
Authors: Aphane Mmabatho P. , Mofokeng Jacob T.
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine any measures taken by the South African Police Service (SAPS) to create awareness about cybercrime among the youth in the selected policing areas in the Gauteng province. A qualitative research method was applied using semi-structured interviews to find the views of participants, of measures if any, to create youths’ awareness in the area of cybercrime. A total of 37 participants comprised of 29 youths aged between 19 and 35 years, including an additional eight participants from the SAPS Crime Intelligence Unit who agreed to participate. Among these participants, there were 18 females and 19 males. The findings highlighted that there was a lack of awareness on the measures taken by the SAPS in educating the youth about the risks associated with cybercrime. The other challenges highlighted by the SAPS were a lack of capacity, resources, and training to increase the technical skills amongst the SAPS members to work effectively on cybercrime-related challenges, lack of collaboration among role players to respond adequately to cybercrime, and ineffective implementation of cybercrime policies, therefore, there was a lack of cybercrime-related campaigns. Based on the findings, five themes were explored in this study, including a lack of capacity, resources, and training to increase the technical skills amongst the SAPS members to work effectively on cybercrime-related challenges, lack of collaboration among role players to respond adequately to cybercrime and ineffective implementation of cybercrime policies. The recommendations are provided as a potential step towards tailoring education packages and awareness programs to ensure at-risk groups are equipped with actionable mechanisms to protect themselves against cybercrimes.
Impact of the Meaningfulness of Life on the Daily Activities of Industrial Workers
Authors: Arfian  , Harding Diana , Sulastiana Marina , Kadiyono Anissa Lestari
Published: December 2020

Footwear craft is one of the superior products that is distributed in the 3 districts in Bogor Regency. This sector has the potential to absorb labor in order to reduce unemployment and also affect the community's economy. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a meaningful life on the work ethic of Muslim footwear craftsmen in Bogor Regency. Samples were taken from 316 craftsmen in 3 districts, namely Ciomas, Tamansari, and Dramaga in Bogor Regency. Quantitative research methods and data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling with Lisrel 8.8 software, was used to test the hypothesis. Furthermore, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) value of the Structural Equation Model was 0.92. However, when the calculated GFI value is greater than the critical GFI, it can be considered good and the model suitable. The results showed that the meaning of life affects the Work Ethic of Muslim footwear craftsmen in Bogor Regency
Multicultural and Multilingual Inside Education Perspective
Authors: Sudirman A.M. Oleh , Dacholfany Dan M. Ihsan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the description of this study is to create a just and democratic safe society; security, justice and democracy can be achieved by diagnosing conflict as sublimation for differences in the language and culture of society. So that multicultural, multilingual education at least minimizes local, national and global community noise in overcoming vertical-horizontal conflicts. This study uses methods and techniques for analyzing general domain cultural themes to cultural sub themes; linear system relationships between components in education. The concept of multicultural, multilingual conflicting heterogeneity communities can help multicultural learning with the cultural-lingual approach; multimedia, multimetodic, multisite against the conflict of the heterogeneity community typically in the islands of the coast. Conflicting heterogeneity society is used as multicultural media learning media diagnostic material. Contrastive analysis of language and cultural conflicts is very helpful in diagnosing sublimation in an educational perspective. Hopefully the concepts of multicultural and multilingual community conflict in heterogeneity contribute in an educational perspective, namely multicultural and multilingual synthesis of local, national, and global in society elements.