bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Mechanism of Curcumin Regulating Lung Injury Induced by Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Authors: Huang Kunlun , Shi ChanMei , Min JingQi , Li Laifu , Zhu Tao , Yu Huapeng , Deng Huojin
Published: August 2019

Background. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PM induces oxidative stress, leading to a variety of health problems. In particular, PM2.5 contains a lot of substances harmful to the human body and penetrates into the lungs to induce lung injury. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress also affects the severity of lung injury. However, there is still no good way to reduce or eliminate these hazards. In the future, more experimental research is needed to further confirm the mechanisms of these hazards and formulate effective preventive measures and treatment plans for their hazard mechanisms. Curcumin has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and protect organs. Objective. To investigate whether curcumin can play a protective role against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by inducing expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK pathway. Methods. In this experiment, PM2.5 was dropped into the trachea to establish a lung injury model in mice. 28 SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, saline control group, PM2.5 treatment group, and curcumin intervention group. Albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to assess lung tissue damage. Colorimetric detection of oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT in the lung tissue was performed. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue were determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination was used for the assessment of alveolar epithelial damage. The protein expression of the HO-1/P38 MAPK pathway in the lung tissue was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous CO was detected by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK protein in the lung tissue was significantly increased in the curcumin intervention group compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, and it was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, the curcumin intervention group can reduce the amount of ALB, LDH, and ALP in BALF; reduce the levels of MDA, IL-1, and TNF-α in the lung tissue; and improve GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT levels, but there is no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion. We found that PM2.5 can cause lung damage through oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK. The intervention of curcumin can further increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK.
Combined Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Case of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Kuribayashi Tadahiro , Manabe Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Shunya , Omote Yoshio , Narai Hisashi , Abe Koji
Published: August 2019

We report a rare case of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) and cerebral venous thrombosis associated with proteinase-3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA)-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). A 58-year-old male developed left headache after exudative otitis media. The laboratory data were positive for PR3-ANCA. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral paranasal sinusitis, left frontal lobe edema, and a thick dura mater with abnormal enhancement in the frontotemporal lobe. Magnetic resonance venography detected stenosis of the superior sagittal sinus. The patient was successfully treated with glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, and apixaban. Contrast neuroimaging should be performed for patients who present with unexplained headache, especially with middle ear and paranasal inflammation. These symptoms should be considered as GPA-related HP and cerebral venous thrombosis.
ВІДОМОМУ ІНФЕКЦІОНІСТУ, ДОЦЕНТУ ВАСИЛЮ ОЛЕКСІЙОВИЧУ КАЧОРУ ВИПОВНИЛОСЯ 60 РОКІВ
Authors: Avtoriv Kolektyv
Published: August 2019

Стисло висвітлено основні біографічні віхи й творчий доробок доцента В.О. Качора – відомого лікаря-інфекціоніста, педагога, науковця, доцента кафедри інфекційних хвороб з епідеміологією, шкірними і венеричними хворобами Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І.Я. Горбачевського.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МАЙСТЕР-КЛАСІВ ПІД ЧАС ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЦИКЛІВ ТЕМАТИЧНОГО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ НА КАФЕДРІ ПАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ АНАТОМІЇ
Authors: Yakovtsova I. I. , Oliynik A. E. , Dolhaia O. V.
Published: August 2019

Заклади післядипломної медичної освіти в сучасній парадигмі медичної та освітянської реформи повинні додавати до традиційних схем навчання новітні технології викладання. Завданням закладів післядипломної медичної освіти є створення конкурентного освітнього продукту, який має суттєво поліпшити професійний рівень лікарів. Патологічна анатомія, як медична спеціальність, потребує не тільки глибоких теоретичних знань, а й досить специфічних практичних навичок. Тому усталені форми навчання (лекції, семінари, практичні заняття) значно поступаються за рівнем ефективності майстер-класам. Ця форма навчання поєднує в собі всі найкращі риси перерахованих типів занять, без зайвого витрачання часу і з максимальним рівнем візуалізації навчального процесу. Крім того, враховуючи певний кадровий голод у спеціальності «Патологічна анатомія», лікарі-­патологоанатоми не завжди мають змогу витратити достатньо часу на довготривалий цикл підвищення кваліфікації. Тоді як вони можуть обрати ті теми майстер-класів, в ознайомленні з якими мають потребу, що диктується виробничою необхідністю. Стаття передає досвід використання майстер-класів під час післядипломного навчання лікарів-патологоанатомів. У ній надано інформацію щодо нормативно-правової бази проведення таких занять, наведено схему проведення майстер-класу на прикладі конкретної теми. Автори розробили алгоритм проведення майстер-класів з урахуванням специфіки викладання патологічної анатомії в закладах післядипломної освіти. Дані зворотного зв’язку зі слухачами свідчать про вельми позитивне сприйняття цієї форми навчання. Це доводить, що майстер-клас – одна з найефективніших форм професійного навчання лікарів, яка має обов’язково застосовуватися закладами післядипломної освіти. Кафедра патологічної анатомії ХМАПО має намір постійно збільшувати арсенал тем майстер-класів, наповнювати їх сучасним контентом, а також впроваджувати інші ефективні та креатив­ні методики навчання.
USING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING TO TEACH LATIN AND GREEK MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Kolodnytska O. D. , Vorona I. I.
Published: August 2019

The article reveals the role and importance of the project method of Latin teaching; to represent the sample of the project “Latin and Greek medical terminology and their corresponding national equivalents in English”.

The basic terminology competence of medical students is formed in Latin lessons because Latin vocabulary is used in Anatomy, Histology, Chemistry, Biology, as well as further clinical disciplines. Thus, the principle of close interdisciplinary integration helps students better understand the nature of the anatomical, histological, pharmaceutical, and clinical terms.

Project-based learning to teach Latin and Greek medical terminology contributes training in logical thinking, boosting cognitive processes essential for medicine, and causes the development of research and creative skills of medical students, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate the information space and think critically.

It has been found that the use of project learning combined with all necessary elements of co-operating training of future medical workers greatly facilitates their creative training, development of communicative skills and contributes to independent decision-making.

The efficient using project-based learning to teach Latin and Greek medical terminology in higher medical educational institutions in combination with conventional teaching and technical support provides the highest quality of the educational process.
МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ХІМІЇ ІНОЗЕМНИМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Authors: Logoyda L. S. , Zarivna N. O.
Published: August 2019

У статті висвітлено шляхи вирішення основних проблем, з якими стикаються викладачі, що працюють зі студентами-іноземцями при викладанні фармацевтичного аналізу в контексті вивчення дисципліни «Фармацевтична хімія». Проаналізовано основні проблеми, які можуть впливати на результативність навчання студентів-іноземців.

Дослідження базується на вивченні матеріалів, отриманих із відкритих джерел інформації та власного досвіду авторів. У статті наведені сучасні технології викладання та тестування іноземних студентів з фармацевтичної хімії, впроваджені на кафедрі фармацевтичної хімії.

Оскільки якість препарату закладається ще на етапі фармацевтичної розробки, студент чітко повинен знати елементи фармацевтичної розробки та фармацевтичного аналізу. Ціллю фармацевтичного аналізу є: засвоїти загальні методи аналізу субстанцій лікарських речовин та підтвердження їх доброякісності за зовнішнім виглядом, розчинністю та реакцією середовища згідно з вимогами ДФУ; вивчити і пояснювати фізичні та фізико-хімічні методи аналізу органічних лікарських засобів; вміти проводити реакції ідентифікації субстанцій лікарських речовин за катіонним і аніонним складом згідно з вимогами ДФУ; використовувати хімічні методи для ідентифікації лікарських засобів органічної структури за аналітико-функціональними групами; визначати фізичні константи органічних речовин для ідентифікації та встановлення чистоти лікарських засобів; використовувати визначення показника заломлення і питомого обертання розчинів лікарських засобів для їх ідентифікації і встановлення чистоти; практикувати загальні вимоги ДФУ щодо випробувань на граничний вміст домішок; вміти проводити кількісне визначення вмісту лікарських речовин у субстанції різними методами; вміти проводити якісний та кількісний експрес-аналіз діючих речовин в екстемпоральних лікарських засобах. Детальне і ґрунтовне ознайомлення з основами фармацевтичного аналізу в контексті вивчення дисципліни «Фармацевтична хімія» дає можливість більш повно засвоїти матеріал, що вивчається, реалізувати науково-творчий потенціал студентів, збагачує їх знаннями, які безпосередньо будуть використані в їхній практичній діяльності.

Запропонований метод дозволяє викладачеві успішніше будувати освітній процес, що, в кінцевому підсумку, позитивно позначається на загальному засвоєнні курсу.
ЕЛЕКТРОННА БАЗА КЛІНІЧНИХ ВИПАДКІВ ЯК СПОСІБ БЕЗПЕРЕРВНОГО ПРАКТИЧНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО ФАХОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ МЕДИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛІСТІВ
Authors: Lopina N. A. , Zhuravlyova L. V.
Published: August 2019

У статті охарактеризовано форми представлення клінічних випадків на основі інформаційно-освітніх веб-технологій. До основних форм представлення клінічних випадків віднесено публікації (детальний опис клінічного випадку у вигляді статті або опис стандартизованої ситуації), публікацію з окремим тестовим тренажером по описаній у статті клінічній ситуації (опису стандартизованого пацієнта), презентацію клінічного випадку, презентацію клінічного випадку з тестовим тренажером по клінічній ситуації та клінічних рекомендаціях, аудіо/відеолекцію клінічного випадку, аудіо/відеолекцію клінічного випадку з тестовим тренажером по клінічній ситуації та клінічних рекомендаціях, тренажер клінічного випадку, тренажер відпрацювання практичних навичок, медичні освітні веб-квести. Наведено структуру електронної бази клінічних випадків. Запропоновано класифікацію форм представлення клінічних випадків на основі інформаційно-освітніх веб-технологій, впровадження яких до навчального процесу на додаток до традиційних форм дозволить підвищити якість освіти, розвивати клінічне мислення, мислення, основане на принципах доказової медицини. Наведено структуру електронної бази клінічних випадків, завдяки якій можливо реалізувати безперервний практично-орієнтований фаховий розвиток медичних спеціалістів.
Evidências Geomorfológicas de Mudanças Ambientais na Baía Esperança, Península Antártica
Authors: Costa Rafaela Mattos , Petsch Carina , Sotille Maria Eliza , Rosa Katia Kellem da , Simões Jefferson Cardia , Bremer Ulisses Franz , Andrade André Medeiros de
Published: August 2019

A geomorphological interpretation of the glacial geomorphology of the proglacial environments of the Buenos Aires, Kenney and Flora glaciers in Hope Bay, Antarctica, between the coordinates 63° 23'S and 63° 26'S latitude and 56° 8'W and 57° 4'W longitude. Sedimentary, granulometric and morphological analyzes were carried out on 15 samples collected in 2017 for the identification of depositional geomorphological features and subsequent geomorphological mapping. The glacier fronts were delineated from Sentinel-2 and Quickbird images of 1988, 2008 and 2017 using the ArcGIS® software to identify the landforms chronology of the shapes. The higher number of coarse grains, low selection, and high values of C40 in all samples indicate modification by erosive processes in supraglacial environment and/or transport distance after substrate quarrying process and grain fracturing by post-depositional physical weathering. The reconstruction of the Hope Bay’s Holocene landscape of indicates glaciers with tens of meters of advance compared to the current front during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The geomorphological mapping and sedimentary analyzes showed recent environmental changes in the proglacial system, with formation of hummocky moraines indicating the retreat/stabilization of the glaciers in the LIA. Furthermore, they set evidences of recent recession moraines, which prevail in the Buenos Aires Glacier predominate in the 2008-2017 phase, on the Flora Glacier in 1988-2008 period and the Kenney Glacier in the 2008-2017 period.
Fragilidade Ambiental: uma Proposta de Aplicação de Geomorphons para a Variável Relevo
Authors: Moroz-Caccia Gouveia Isabel Cristina , Ross Jurandyr Luciano Sanches
Published: August 2019

Considerando a importância da variável relevo como determinante para a identificação de unidades de paisagem e para a análise de dinâmicas e processos relacionados à erosão dos solos e à ocorrência de inundações, o presente artigo propõe a incorporação de dados morfológicos a partir da classificação automatizada dos elementos de relevo (geomorphons), na análise da Fragilidade Ambiental. Foram elaborados mapas de Fragilidade Potencial e Fragilidade Emergente utilizando três modelos: A) Com parâmetros morfológicos (elementos de formas do relevo) extraídos de mapa geomorfológico elaborado analogicamente e parâmetros morfométricos (declividades), conforme recomendado por Ross (1990, 1994); B) Apenas a declividade como parâmetro morfométrico; e, C) Com parâmetros morfológicos (elementos de formas do relevo) extraídos automaticamente de MDE (geomorphons) e parâmetros morfométricos (declividades). Para avaliar cada modelo, aplicou-se o coeficiente de determinação linear (r²) entre os níveis de fragilidade ambiental emergente determinados e a ocorrência de processos erosivos lineares identificados por IPT (2012). A comparação dos três modelos demonstrou que a inserção de parâmetros morfológicos permite determinar e delimitar os níveis de fragilidade de forma mais precisa e detalhada do que quando se utiliza apenas parâmetros morfométricos, como a declividade. Além do mais, a possibilidade de identificação de áreas de planícies fluviais nos modelos que incluem parâmetros morfológicos evita a classificação de tais áreas como sendo áreas sem restrições do meio físico à ocupação.
Paisagens Integradas dos Municípios Costeiros da Foz do Rio São Francisco: Brejo Grande/SE e Piaçabuçu/AL
Authors: Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça , Santana Bruna Leidiane Pereira , Lima Luana Pereira , França Eduina Bezerra , Santos Fernanda Flores Silva dos , Souza Rosemeri Melo e
Published: August 2019

Os ambientes costeiros destacam-se pela complexa dinâmica condicionada pela atuação de fatores oceanográficos, hidrológicos, climáticos, geológicos e antrópicos que resulta em diferentes unidades de paisagem. Neste sentido, o trabalho objetivou classificar e analisar as unidades de paisagens considerando os geocomplexos e geofácies dos municípios de Piaçabuçu/ AL e Brejo Grande/ SE. O esboço metodológico da abordagem geossistêmica norteou a pesquisa, desenvolvida através de revisão bibliográfica, levantamento e processamento de dados cartográficos e confecção de mapas temáticos. Os processos de origem marinha, fluviomarinha e eólica, associados ao pacote sedimentar que integra as Formações Continentais Superficiais do Quaternário possibilitaram a formação de ambientes com características distintas, que integram os três (03) geocomplexos – Planície Costeira, Terraços Marinhos e Planície Fluviolagunar integrados por quatorze (14) geofácies. Nos últimos anos, a planície fluviomarinha tem apresentando algumas mudanças relacionadas ao processo de erosão marinha e atividades de carcinicultura, resultado de alterações que ocorreram na dinâmica do rio São Francisco. Quanto aos terraços marinhos, em Piaçabuçu ocorrem intercalados com depressões formadas entre os cordões litorâneos, predominando como uso o cultivo de coco-da-baía. Em Brejo Grande, os sedimentos arenosos dos terraços marinhos holocênicos têm avançado sobre a planície fluviomarinha, alterando parcialmente a vegetação do mangue. Nos ambientes que compreendem a planície fluviolagunar dos municípios verifica-se alterações nos aspectos pertinentes ao uso e ocupação do solo. Assim, a partir do mapeamento com imagens de satélites dos anos de 1984 e 2017, foi possível concluir que a atuação dos processos naturais associados à ação antrópica estão proporcionando reajustes no equilíbrio dinâmico da paisagem.
The Impact of Immigration on Competing Natives' Wages: Evidence from German Reunification
Authors: Prantl Susanne , Spitz-Oener Alexandra
Published: August 2019

After the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, and the collapse of the German Democratic Republic, a sudden, unexpected, and massive influx of East German migrants hit the entire West German labor market. The context is well suited for investigating whether immigration influences natives' wages and how the effects depend on product and labor market conditions. We propose direct measures of potential migration with exogenous variation, compare migrants to natives with similar capabilities, and segment the labor market along predetermined margins. We find that immigration can have negative effects on the wages of natives. These effects surface when product and labor markets are competitive but not under regulations that restrict the entry of firms and provide workers with a strong influence on firms' decision making.
The Value of Insiders as Mentors: Evidence from the Effects of NSF Rotators on Early-Career Scientists
Authors: Hoenen Sebastian , Kolympiris Christos
Published: August 2019

We show that academics with experience in government jobs generate spillovers for their early-career colleagues. Our template is the National Science Foundation rotation program in which the agency employs academics, called rotators, on loan from their university. Within two years after the rotator's return, fresh assistant professors in her department increase their research resources materially and are more likely to win small and medium-size grants compared to academics in three control groups. Consistent with evidence that the mechanism is mentoring from the rotator, the results suggest that access to individuals with insights gained outside academia propels scientific careers.
The Effect of Social Connectedness on Crime: Evidence from the Great Migration
Authors: Stuart Bryan A. , Taylor Evan J.
Published: August 2019

This paper estimates the effect of social connectedness on crime across U.S. cities from 1970 to 2009. Migration networks among African Americans from the South generated variation across destinations in the concentration of migrants from the same birth town. Using this novel source of variation, we find that social connectedness considerably reduces murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, and motor vehicle thefts, with a 1 standard deviation increase in social connectedness reducing murders by 21% and motor vehicle thefts by 20%. Social connectedness especially reduces murders of adolescents and young adults committed during gang and drug activity.
Career Incentives of City Leaders and Urban Spatial Expansion in China
Authors: Wang Zhi , Zhang Qinghua , Zhou Li-An
Published: August 2019

This paper develops a theoretical framework to study the critical role that politics play in shaping the spatial dimension of China's urbanization and the related welfare implications. Utilizing a large data set of residential land transactions matched with city leaders in 200 Chinese cities from 2000 through 2011, the empirical analysis finds that a 1 standard deviation increase in the career-incentive measure leads to 9 additional kilometers of outward expansion, a 23% increase relative to the sample average. It also finds some suggestive evidence pointing to the distortionary impacts of overly strong incentives of city leaders on spatial expansion, consistent with the theory.
Using Goals to Motivate College Students: Theory and Evidence From Field Experiments
Authors: Clark Damon , Gill David , Prowse Victoria , Rush Mark
Published: August 2019

Will college students who set goals work harder and perform better? We report two field experiments that involved four thousand college students. One experiment asked treated students to set goals for performance in the course; the other asked treated students to set goals for a particular task (completing online practice exams). Task-based goals had robust positive effects on the level of task completion and marginally significant positive effects on course performance. Performance-based goals had positive but small and statistically insignificant effects on course performance. A theoretical framework that builds on present bias and loss aversion helps to interpret our results.
Quantifying the Benefits of Social Insurance: Unemployment Insurance and Health
Authors: Kuka Elira
Published: August 2019

While the unemployment insurance (UI) program is one of the largest safety net programs in the United States, research on its benefits is limited. This paper exploits plausibly exogenous changes in state UI laws to empirically estimate whether UI generosity mitigates any of the previously documented negative health effects of job loss. The results show that higher UI generosity increases health insurance coverage and utilization, with stronger effects during periods of high unemployment rates. During such periods, higher UI generosity also leads to improved self-reported health. Finally, I find no effects on risky behaviors or health conditions.
Body growth and its implications in population dynamics of Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Schinz, 1834) in the Eastern Iberian peninsula
Authors: Drechsler Robby Marcel , Monrós Juan Salvador
Published: August 2019

We calculated growth rate for the spiny-footed lizard (Acanthodactylus erythrurus) inhabiting coastal eastern Spain from long-term mark-recapture data. Growth curves differ between sexes, with males growing faster than females and achieving larger size maximums. In this population each sex reaches maturity at about 300 days of age, approximately 34% faster than males, and 28% faster than females studied in a population further south and west in Iberia. Our logarithmic growth model has an accuracy of 96.8% and high statistical significance ( for males and for females). Although both the exponential curve of “best fit” for growth estimated for males (), and the linear curve of “best fit” estimated for females () in a population from Cádiz (Busack and Jaksic, 1982) are also significant. The overlap between growth curves and the general data cloud of the population showed that at the end of the year the proportion of individuals younger than one year was 80% and the proportion of individuals older than one year was 20%. Our data, in agreement with calculated maximum life spans for males (1.9 years) and females (2.1 years) in Cádiz, suggest a life span of approximately two years for both sexes. Females seem to reproduce only in a unique season in their lives, at this locality, as in Cádiz (Busack and Klosterman, 1987) they likely lay only one clutch, whereas females in Morocco (Bons, 1962) may produce two.
Antipredator behaviour of old-world tropical lizard, common agama Agama agama, in an urban environment
Authors: Mikula Peter , Nelson Emma , Tryjanowski Piotr , Albrecht Tomáš
Published: August 2019

Escape behaviour is a common antipredator strategy of lizards. Here, we studied the effect of several variables predicted to have a potential effect on escape behaviour of lizards. Specifically, we measured the effects of starting distance (SD), distance to cover, sex–age and the observer’s head orientation on flight initiation distance (FID) in the common agama Agama agama. Agamas were approached in urban localities in Limbe city, Cameroon, where they were habituated to the presence of humans. We found no association between FID and SD, but individuals closer to potential cover had shorter FID than individuals farther from a refuge. Juveniles escaped later than adults, but no significant differences were found in the FID between adult males and females. Head direction of the approaching observer had no effect on FID. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study investigating factors affecting FID in common agamas, extending our knowledge of risk-related behaviour in lizards of the Old World tropics.
Negotiating with Two Hands Tied: Fragmented Decision Processes and Concessions in Civil Wars
Authors: Urlacher Brian R.
Published: August 2019

Theories of conflict resolution often posit unified actors as a simplifying assumption. In practice conflict actors often struggle to balance competing factions and centers of power. Schelling and Putnam have argued that factors that constrain what a negotiator can accept are a potential source of leverage in a bargaining process, yet a counter argument suggests that leaders seeking to negotiate, while facing divided government, may be less able to credibly signal their intentions. Drawing on event data from nearly 3,000 conflict-months, this paper analyzes the frequency of concessions offered by both rebels and governments. This study finds evidence that a fractured decision-process results in both rebels and governments making more concessions. Further corroboration is provided through a case study of the Philippine government’s efforts to negotiate an end to the conflict in the Mindanao region.
Weaponising Religious Freedom: Same-Sex Marriage and Gender Equality in the Philippines
Authors: Cornelio Jayeel , Dagle Robbin Charles M.
Published: August 2019

This article spells out the ways in which religious freedom has been deployed against proponents of same-sex marriage and gender equality in the Philippines. While the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community and allies have appealed to religious freedom to gain equal rights under the law, conservative Christian entities have fought back by invoking the same notion. They have appropriated religious freedom, which has historically been interpreted by the courts in favour of individual liberties, to defend majoritarian values surrounding sexuality. This article describes this move as the weaponisation of religious freedom in defence of the dominant religion and an assumed majority of Filipinos whose moral sensibilities are purportedly under attack. Towards the end, the article relates this weaponisation to the experience of the Catholic Church in the contemporary public sphere and the militant character of Christianity that continues to view the Philippines as a Christian nation.
Contesting “Family” at the United Nations Human Rights Council
Authors: Voss M. Joel
Published: August 2019

There is general agreement that families are considered an important building block of society. However, in international fora, there is significant disagreement about what constitutes family. This article discusses the development of the Protection of the Family initiative at the UN’s primary human rights body, the UN Human Rights Council. This article uses Protection of the Family resolutions at the Council to build upon theories of norm contestation in international relations and international law. Elite-level interviews and participant observation of Council meetings on the four Protection of the Family resolutions adopted at the Council show that both advocates and opponents of Protection of the Family argue that their positions adhere to universal rights and prior law while their opponents are revisionist. In addition, the article illustrates a series of new strategies adopted by advocates of Protection of the Family that may be used in other resolutions to advance human rights agendas.
The Matrix Language Turnover Hypothesis: The Case of the Druze Language in Israel
Authors: Kheir Afifa Eve
Published: August 2019

This study examines the language of the Druze community in Israel as going through the process of convergence and a composite Matrix Language formation, resulting in a split language, a.k.a. mixed language, based on Myers-Scotton’s Matrix Language turnover hypothesis (2002). Longitudinal data of Palestinian Arabic/Israeli Hebrew codeswitching from the Israeli Druze community collected in 2000 and 2017 indicate that there is a composite Matrix Language formation resulting in a split language. Such a composite involves convergence features in congruence with stage ii of the hypothesis, resulting in a composite morphosyntactic frame. The main features of convergence are the introduction of Israeli Hebrew system morphemes, including early system morphemes, bridge system morphemes and outsider late system morphemes-in some cases appearing independently, but in most cases, in conjunction with content morphemes. There are features of lexical conceptual structures and morphological realization patterns as well. Sociolinguistic factors are suggested as potential motivators for such composite and split language formation.
The Effectiveness of Decentralisation on Community Development in Ghana, 1990–2012
Authors: Sulemana Mohammed , Amakye Kingsford Gyasi
Published: August 2019

The concept of decentralisation has shaped development thinking in contemporary times in both developed and developing countries. Indeed, the demand for decentralisation is strong throughout the world because of its link to community development and improving the quality of life of mass of the people in the rural areas. Decentralisation is globally recognised as the way of ensuring community participation and local development. However, some authors argue that the purported benefits of decentralisation leading to community development are not as obvious as proponents of decentralisation suggest. In Africa, decentralisation is implemented in various forms by governments across the continent. Indeed, in West Africa, it is difficult to find a country that does not have decentralisation programme. In Ghana, decentralisation has been practiced since 1988 and the populace has come to embrace it as the best way of ensuring development and local participation in governance. Nevertheless, after nearly three decades of implementing decentralisation, which has generated rather elaborate structures and processes, Ghana still struggles to realise the expected developmental progress, or achieve the envisioned structural and procedural effectiveness. This paper explores the relationship between decentralisation and community development in Sekyere Central District. Again the paper seeks to find out the contributions decentralisation has brought to the communities in Sekyere Central District and finally investigate whether decentralisation is working as it should in the district. This paper was carried out using a mixed method approach. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select all the assembly members in Sekyere Central District. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the relevant sources in an effort to meet the objectives of the study. The regression analysis of all the assembly members indicated that, the calculated value F is 28.25 at 5% alpha level of significant (0.000). It shows that there is significant relationship between decentralisation and community development.
Why Iran Has Not Developed the Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Shameer Modongal , Mousavian Seyed Hossein
Published: August 2019

Iran is a country with technological capability for nuclear fuel cycle. Mainstream theories of nuclear proliferation predict nuclear weaponization of Iran considering its structural, domestic and individual motivations. However, one fact remains that Iran has not yet developed its nuclear weapons. Officially, Iran argues that the Weapons of Mass Destruction, including nuclear weapons, are against principles of Islam. Even though the mainstream theories are sceptical about the influence of religion in security policies of the state, this paper concludes that religious principles have decisive role in nuclear decision-making of Iran. Iran would have gone for nuclear weapons unless it is constrained by religion.
A new genus and new species of Aeptini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) from Australia
Authors: FAÚNDEZ EDUARDO I. , RIDER DAVID A.
Published: August 2019

The aeptine Mariomella singularis gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Western Australia. With this new addition, the Aeptini diversity increases to 21 species in nine genera.
New record of the species Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Loricariidae: Rhinelepinae) for the Caquetá river basin, Colombia
Authors: CELIS-GRANADA MONICA SILREY , MEDINA SEBASTIÁN , BELTRÁN CAMILO
Published: August 2019

The Neotropical fish family Loricariidae is the most diverse family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) and the fifth largest fish family, with approximately 993 valid species. The species of the family are geographically distributed from Costa Rica in Central America to Argentina in South America and are grouped into 83 genera and the following six subfamilies: Hypoptopomatinae, Hypostominae, Loricariinae Delturinae, Lithogeninae and Rhinelepinae (Roberto et al., 2006, Birindelli et al., 2007, Corea et al., 2014, Eschmeyer & Fong, 2019).
Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini
Authors: BOTERO JUAN PABLO , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , BEZARK LARRY G.
Published: August 2019

A revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 is presented. The genus and all known species are redescribed. Pteroplatus luculentus sp. nov., from Colombia and Ecuador, is described. The following six syn. nov. are proposed for Pteroplatus pulcher Buquet, 1840: Pteroplatus atroviolaceus Kirsch, 1889; Pteroplatus dimidiatipennis Buquet, 1841; Pteroplatus elegans Buquet, 1841; Pteroplatus fasciatus Buquet, 1841; Pteroplatus nigriventris Brême, 1845, and Pteroplatus transversalis Brême, 1845. The following two syn. nov. are proposed for Pteroplatus gracilis Buquet, 1840: Pteroplatus caudatus Martins & Galileo, 2013 and Pteroplatus rostainei Buquet, 1840. The following two comb. nov. are proposed: Corynellus arrogans (Buquet, 1840) (Pteroplatini) and Cosmoplatidius bilineatus (Buquet, 1841) (Compsocerini). In addition, the following syn. nov. is proposed: Pteroplatus sellatus White, 1853 = Cosmoplatidius bilineatus (Buquet, 1841). The geographical distribution of four species is expanded. Photographs of Pteroplatus species are included and a key to differentiate the species is provided.
Transfer of the Indian species formerly included in the genus Lutica Marx, 1891 to Tropizodium Jocqué & Churchill, 2005 and Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 (Araneae, Zodariidae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: August 2019

The Indian spider species formerly placed in the zodariid genus Lutica Marx, 1891 are revised. The following new combinations are proposed: Tropizodium bengalensis (Tikader & Patel, 1975) comb. nov., Tropizodium kovvurensis (Reddy & Patel, 1993) comb. nov., Tropizodium poonaensis (Tikader, 1981) comb. nov. and Zodarion deccanensis (Tikader & Malhotra, 1976) comb. nov.. T. kovvurensis comb. nov. is redescribed based on freshly collected female specimens. All the examined type specimens are illustrated and the current status of each type is discussed.
Experimental study on polishing process of cylindrical roller bearings
Authors: Nguyen Duc Nam , Chau Ngoc Le , Dao Thanh-Phong , Prakash Chander , Singh Sunpreet
Published: August 2019

The surface quality and accuracy of the geometry of the cylindrical rollers are important factors for bearing life. This paper presents effects of machining parameters on the surface roughness, topography and roundness of cylindrical rollers through the lapping and polishing experiments. And then the surface roughness of the cylindrical rollers is optimized. The results found that the surface roughness of rollers is significantly changed in lapping process with different abrasive particle sizes, while the surface roughness has slightly reduced in polishing process. It also indicated that the smoother surfaces with better roughness can be obtained after lapping and polishing process. In addition, the surface roughness of cylindrical rollers is rapidly reduced from Ra of 0.5 µm to Ra of 0.063 µm after the 3-h lapping process and Ra of 0.013 µm after the 1-h polishing process. The surface topography of rollers can be achieved by the smoother surface when loads are from 25 to 35 N in lapping process, and the loads are from 35 to 40 N in polishing process. Finally, the Taguchi method is applied to optimize the surface roughness in polishing process. The result found that the optimal surface roughness achieves 0.015 µm with respect to the time of 35 min and type of 4000# Al2O3.
Why Inequalities Persist in Public Deliberation: Five Mechanisms of Marginalization
Authors: Holdo Markus , Öhrn Sagrelius Lizzie
Published: August 2019

Previous research has suggested that reflective “meta-deliberation,” or discussions about how discussions proceed, can help to address patterns of marginalization. This article suggests, however, that moving to a meta level is not in itself a solution, since it may easily bring along such patterns. Inequalities persist through specific mechanisms that may be present in both ordinary deliberation and meta-deliberation. We explore such mechanisms empirically, by focusing on experiences of people that were excluded from discussions to which they were uniquely qualified to contribute. Our case is the 2013 Stockholm riots, and our interviewees are people who live, work, and engage in local civil society groups in the affected neighborhoods. These interviews helped us identify five mechanisms that affect a society’s capacity for reflective uptake in both ordinary deliberation and meta-deliberation: (1) imposition of preexisting narratives, (2) inclusion of locally dominant actors, (3) discursive distancing, (4), reliance on social markers, and (5) paternalistic conflict avoidance.
Income-Related Inequalities in Chronic Disease Situation Among the Chinese Population Aged Above 45 Years
Authors: Shangren Qin , Zirui Huang , Ye Ding
Published: August 2019

There is relatively little published on the socioeconomic distribution of chronic disease burden in older people. This study aims to quantify income-related inequalities in chronic disease situation among ≥45-year-old people in China. Data were collected from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Self-reported chronic conditions included 14 diseases (ie, heart problem, diabetes). Multivariate Generalized Quasi-Poisson Regression was used to evaluate associations between prevalence and personal income. Prevalence of hypertension was highest among people above ≥ 75 (male participants 44.41%, female participants 47.53%). Heart problem prevalence increased with age. Chronic disease prevalence among population aged 45 to 59 years was greatly affected by income. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were highest for heart problems in 45 to 59 middle-income male participants and for memory-related diseases in 45 to 59 middle-income female participants. Significant inequalities in chronic conditions prevalence persist into old age, particularly among 45- to 59-year-old people. Opposite to developed countries, the prevalence of some chronic disease (ie, heart problem) is higher in richer populations in China. These findings pose the policy challenge of needing to prevent such inequalities in older years.
The Influence of Authenticity of Online Reviews on Trust Formation among Travelers
Authors: Kim Minseong , Kim Jihye
Published: August 2019

Travelers have increasingly used mega review sites as an information source during the decision-making processes. This study focuses on the significant role of the authenticity of online reviews on mega review sites in formulating travelers’ behavioral intention as well as trust toward both websites and their service (i.e., destinations). Extending trust transfer theory, this study aims to formulate a research model and investigate associations among three aspects of trust (i.e., cognitive and affective trust toward mega review sites and trust toward destinations the websites recommend) to predict travelers’ behavioral intention (e.g., purchase). The empirical results indicate the significant roles of perceived authenticity of online comments and trust in the context of online tourism. This study provides some implications for online review management among website administrators.
Music education as the herald of a cosmopolitan collective imperative: On being human
Authors: Niknafs Nasim
Published: August 2019

Even though scholars have pointedly embraced ethical matters in music education within the global context, there has been relatively little attention paid to the concept of cosmopolitanism. While keeping in mind that the concept of cosmopolitanism is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can be read and implemented in many ways, the aim of the current narrative inquiry is to highlight the significance of the human connection—a notable feature of moral cosmopolitanism, and by extension, cosmopolitanism from below—inherent in, and possibly the most prominent aspect of music education practices, regardless of their position in the formal–informal spectrum of such practices. In this context, music education becomes a lifestyle—whose participants cultivate their ethical sensitivities toward human connection—that has the capacity to alleviate the human sufferings occurring globally. By telling the life stories of Behzad Khiavchi, the lead musician of a trans-Iranian band, this article aims to highlight the cosmopolitan collective imperative, a fundamental characteristic of music education, as the harbinger of a more caring world.
Achieving beneficial outcomes for children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions receiving palliative care and their families: A realist review
Authors: Mitchell Sarah , Bennett Karina , Morris Andrew , Slowther Anne-Marie , Coad Jane , Dale Jeremy
Published: August 2019

Background:

Palliative care for children and young people is a growing global health concern with significant resource implications. Improved understanding of how palliative care provides benefits is necessary as the number of children with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions rises.

Aim:

The aim is to investigate beneficial outcomes in palliative care from the perspective of children and families and the contexts and hidden mechanisms through which these outcomes can be achieved.

Design:

This is a systematic realist review following the RAMESES standards. A protocol has been published in PROSPERO (registration no: CRD42018090646).

Data sources:

An iterative literature search was conducted over 2 years (2015–2017). Empirical research and systematic reviews about the experiences of children and families in relation to palliative care were included.

Results:

Sixty papers were included. Narrative synthesis and realist analysis led to the proposal of context–mechanism–outcome configurations in four conceptual areas: (1) family adaptation, (2) the child’s situation, (3) relationships with healthcare professionals and (4) access to palliative care services. The presence of two interdependent contexts, the ‘expert’ child and family and established relationships with healthcare professionals, triggers mechanisms, including advocacy and affirmation in decision-making, which lead to important outcomes including an ability to place the emphasis of care on lessening suffering. Important child and family outcomes underpin the delivery of palliative care.

Conclusion:

Palliative care is a complex, multifactorial intervention. This review provides in-depth understanding into important contexts in which child and family outcomes can be achieved so that they benefit from palliative care and should inform future service development and practice.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 mediates cocaine reinstatement via the D1 dopamine receptor in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: You In-Jee , Hong Sa-Ik , Ma Shi-Xun , Nguyen Thi-Lien , Kwon Seung-Hwan , Lee Seok-Yong , Jang Choon-Gon
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel that mediates synaptic modification in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, no study has yet examined the mechanism of TRPV1 in the NAc on cocaine reinstatement. We investigated the mechanism of TRPV1 in NAc on cocaine reinstatement using the conditioned place preference (CPP) test in mice.

Methods:

We examined the effect of capsazepine (5 mg/kg, a TRPV1 antagonist, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.)), capsaicin (0.3 mg/kg, a TRPV1 agonist, administered i.p.), and genetic deletion of TRPV1 on the reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP (15 mg/kg, administered i.p.). The expression of TRPV1 and Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated kinase II (CaMKII) in the NAc were determined after cocaine reinstatement. Microinjection of SB366791 (0.2 ng, a selective TRPV1 antagonist) in the NAc was assessed on SKF-81297 (1 µg, D1-like dopamine (DA) receptor agonist) primed cocaine reinstatement.

Results:

Capsazepine suppressed and capsaicin potentiated cocaine CPP in the reinstatement phase. In addition, genetic deletion of TRPV1 inhibited cocaine-priming reinstatement. Cocaine reinstatement was mediated by increased TRPV1 expression in the NAc, which involves CaMKII. Microinjection of SB366791 in the NAc prevented the cocaine reinstatement evoked by microinjection of SKF-81297 in the NAc.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that activation of TRPV1 mediates the stimulation of D1-like DA receptors and CaMKII in the NAc, resulting in the facilitation of cocaine reinstatement behaviors. Thus, our findings reveal a previously unknown TRPV1 mechanism in the reinstatement to drugs of abuse.
Art as Civic Inspiration
Authors: Perkins David
Published: August 2019

Today as in the past, artists often produce works of art to foster civic agendas of one sort or another, sometimes affirming and sometimes critiquing contemporary attitudes. To what degree is engaging with civically inflected art likely to have the desired impact? We develop an analogy between the work of Ellen Winner and colleagues questioning the impact of studying art on performance in other academic areas. We suggest that, in many cases of civically inflected art, transfer of the desired message is implausible, recognizing difficulties of changing people’s minds in general, of how art specifically might do so, and how superficially art is often engaged. We urge that civically impactful encounters with art, which certainly occur, require not just a landing pad character—the impact deriving from imbibing the work—but rather a launching pad character—the work functioning as a starting point for discussion, reflection, and exploration.