bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of machine learning-based approaches to improve sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting of precipitation in Senegal
Authors: Faye Dioumacor , de Andrade Felipe M. , Suárez-Moreno Roberto , Wane Dahirou , Hegglin Michaela I. , Dieng Abdou L. , Kaly François , Lguensat Redouane , Gaye Amadou T.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In Senegal, the West African monsoon (WAM) season is characterized by pronounced subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) rainfall fluctuations in response to complex interactions between large-scale atmospheric and oceanic variability patterns and mesoscale convective systems. Indeed, the general circulation models (GCMs) used in the development of S2S forecasting systems often struggle to represent the mechanisms yielding WAM predictability. This study explores the potential of machine learning (ML) approaches to improve S2S precipitation forecasting in Senegal. We evaluate a set of ML models, including ridge regression, linear regression, random forest, support vector machine, Adaboost, and multilayer perceptron for S2S forecasting of precipitation during the monsoon season. To this aim, we use a combination of high-resolution global precipitation estimates from ground and satellite observations, along with atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis products. Our methodology relies on a non-filtering approach to extract significant S2S signals as predictors, enabling real-time application. We demonstrate that integrating different predictor variables from a range of atmospheric and oceanic fields significantly enhances prediction skill. Notably, the ridge regression model outperforms state-of-the-art GCM-derived S2S predictions. The study highlights the potential for developing operational S2S forecasting systems for West African precipitation using ML techniques to complement GCM-based forecast systems, offering valuable tools for climate risk anticipation and water resource management. Such ML-based systems not only provide skillful predictions but are also computationally more efficient compared to GCMs, and can be extended to diverse climatic zones.
Contribution of gravity waves to shear in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere: insights from idealized baroclinic life cycle experiments
Authors: Umbarkar Madhuri , Kunkel Daniel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Mixing significantly influences the redistribution of trace species in the lower stratosphere, potentially being the dominant factor in forming the extratropical transition layer (ExTL). However, the role of small-scale processes contributing to mixing is poorly characterized. In the extratropics, mixing processes are often linked to stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE), which occurs frequently during baroclinic life cycles, e.g., near tropopause folds, cut-off lows, or stratospheric streamers. Gravity waves (GWs), a dynamical feature of these life cycles, can potentially contribute to STE and mixing in the lower stratosphere. We present a series of baroclinic life cycle experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model to study the impact of GWs on the occurrence of vertical wind shear and consequent potential turbulence, an indicator for mixing in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS). Dry adiabatic simulations with varying spatial resolution reveal that the spatiotemporal occurrence of GWs depends on model grid spacing and is closely linked to shear and turbulence generation. Further process understanding is gained from experiments incorporating physical processes like latent heating, (vertical) turbulence, and cloud microphysics. Introducing moist processes amplifies GW activity and turbulence potential, mainly driven by latent heat release and stronger baroclinic wave evolution with vigorous vertical motions. Turbulence parameterization has a lesser effect on the overall evolution without moisture, while it dampens the effect of latent heat release in moist simulations. Altogether, GWs substantially enhance vertical shear and potential turbulence occurrence in the LMS and thus can play a significant role in tracer mixing and, consequently, in the ExTL formation.
Air-sea gas exchange measurements helped derive in-situ organic and inorganic carbon fixation in response to Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in a temperate plankton community
Authors: Schneider Julieta , Riebesell Ulf , Moras Charly André , Marín-Samper Laura , Kittu Leila , Ortíz-Cortes Joaquín , Schulz Kai George
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is a carbon dioxide removal strategy that aims to chemically sequester atmospheric CO2 in the ocean while potentially alleviating localized effects of ocean acidification. Depending on the implementation approach, OAE can considerably alter seawater carbonate chemistry, resulting in reduced CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) and high pH. To investigate the effects of OAE on biogeochemical processes and organisms under close-to-natural conditions, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was conducted in the temperate fjord ecosystem near Bergen, Norway during late spring. A non-CO2-equilibrated approach was chosen, simulating OAE with calcium- and silicon-based minerals. A gradient of five OAE levels was achieved by increasing total alkalinity (TA) by 0–600 µmol kg-1. The added TA remained relatively stable over the 47-day experimental period and the measured CO2 gas exchange rate was comparable to what would be expected for large oceanic regions. We estimated that full equilibration (95 %) for a ∆TA of 600 µmol kg-1 would take ~1050 days. Furthermore, there were a number of mineral-type and pCO2/pH effects, with cumulative coccolithophore calcification showing an optimum curve response to decreasing pCO2, consistent with findings from single-species laboratory cultures, while no mineral-type effect was observed. In contrast, in-situ net community production was higher in the silicate treatments but there was no pCO2 effect. Zooplankton respiration, estimated from in-situ net community production and in-vitro net community production incubations, was lower for the silicate treatments and negatively correlated with pCO2. These complex findings suggest both direct and indirect effects of mineral type and OAE level and provide a valuable foundation for designing future OAE field trials.
Utilizing Probability Estimates from Machine Learning and Pollen to Understand the Depositional Influences on Branched GDGT in Wetlands, Peatlands, and Lakes
Authors: Cromartie Amy , De Jonge Cindy , Ménot Guillemette , Robles Mary , Dugerdil Lucas , Peyron Odile , Rodrigo-Gámiz Marta , Camuera Jon , Ramos-Roman Maria Jose , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Colombié Claude , Sahakyan Lilit , Joannin Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) serve as critical molecular biomarkers for the quantitative reconstruction of past environments, ambient temperature and pH across various archives. Despite their success, numerous issues persist that limit their application. The distribution of brGDGTs varies significantly based on provenance, resulting in biases in environmental reconstructions that rely on fractional abundances and derived indices, such as the MBT’5ME. This issue is especially significant in shallow lakes, wetlands, and peatlands within semi-arid and arid regions, where ecosystems are sensitive to diverse environmental and climatic factors. Recent advancements, such as machine learning techniques, have been developed to identify changes in sources; however, these techniques are insufficient for detecting mixed source environments. The probability estimates derived from five machine learning algorithms are employed here to detect provenance changes in brGDGT downcore records and to identify periods of mixed provenance. A new global modern database (n=2301) was compiled to train, validate, test, and apply these algorithms to two sedimentary records. Our findings are corroborated by pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs obtained from the identical records. These microfossil proxies are utilized to discuss changes in provenance, hydrology, and ecology that influence the distribution of brGDGTs. Probability estimates derived from Random Forest with a sigmoid calibration are most effective in detecting changes in brGDGT distribution. Minor changes in the relative contributions of brGDGTs provenance can significantly influence the distribution of brGDGTs, especially regarding the MBT'5ME index. This study introduces a novel brGDGT wetland index aimed at monitoring potential biases arising from wetland development.
An updated non-intrusive, multi-scale, and flexible coupling interface in WRF 4.6.0
Authors: Masson Sébastien , Jullien Swen , Maisonnave Eric , Gill David , Samson Guillaume , Le Corre Mathieu , Renault Lionel
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been widely used for various applications, especially for solving mesoscale atmospheric dynamics. Its high-order numerical schemes and nesting capability enable high spatial resolution. However, a growing number of applications are demanding more realistic simulations through the incorporation of coupling with new model compartments and an increase in the complexity of the processes considered in the model (e.g., ocean, surface gravity wave, land surface, and chemistry). The present paper details the development and the functionalities of the coupling interface we implemented in WRF. It uses the Ocean–Atmosphere–Sea–Ice–Soil Model Coupling Toolkit (OASIS3-MCT) coupler, which has the advantage of being non-intrusive, efficient, and very flexible to use. OASIS3-MCT has already been implemented in many climate and regional models. This coupling interface is designed with the following baselines: (1) it is structured with a two-level design through two modules: a general coupling module and a coupler-specific module, allowing for easy additions of other couplers if required; (2) variable exchange, coupling frequency, and any potential time and grid transformations are controlled through an external text file, offering great flexibility; and (3) the concepts of external domains and a coupling mask are introduced to facilitate the exchange of fields to/from multiple sources (different models, fields from different models/grids/zooms, etc.). Finally, two examples of applications of ocean–atmosphere coupling are proposed. The first is related to the impact of ocean surface current feedback to the atmospheric boundary layer, and the second concerns the coupling of surface gravity waves with the atmospheric surface layer.
Satellite-based data for agricultural index insurance: a systematic quantitative literature review
Authors: Nguyen Thuy T. , Mushtaq Shahbaz , Kath Jarrod , Nguyen-Huy Thong , Reymondin Louis
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Index-based insurance (IBI) is an effective tool for managing climate risk and promoting sustainable development. It provides payouts based on a measurable index. Remote sensing data obtained from satellites, planes, UAVs, or drones can be used to design index-based insurance products. However, the extent to which satellite-based data has been used for different crop types and geographical regions has not been systematically explored. To bridge this gap, a systematic quantitative literature review was conducted to examine the use of satellite-based datasets in designing index-based insurance products. The review analyzed 89 global studies on four major types of crops: cereals, pastures and forages, perennial crops, and others (i.e., vegetables, oilseed crops, fruits, nuts, etc.). The analysis revealed a rising interest of developing index-based insurance solutions utilizing satellite-based data, particularly after 2015. Datasets from land surface Earth observation satellites were utilized in 91 % of studies with satellite-based data, outnumbering those from weather satellites. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was the most prominent satellite-retrieved vegetation index, featured in 61.2 % of studies utilizing satellite imagery, revealing its effectiveness at designing and developing IBI for various crops. It has also been found that satellite-based vegetation health indices outperform weather indices and reduce basis risk with higher-spatial-resolution data. Most studies have focused on cereal crops, with fewer studies focusing on perennial crops. Countries in Asia and Africa were the most interested regions. However, research has focused on specific countries and has not been adequately spread across different regions, especially developing countries. The review suggests that satellite-based datasets will become increasingly important in designing crop-index-based insurance products. This is due to their potential to reduce basis risk by providing high resolution with adequately long and consistent datasets for data-sparse environments. The review recommends using high-spatial- and high-temporal-resolution satellite datasets to further assess their capability to reduce basis risk.
SOSIALISASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STUNTING DAN CARA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA ANAK DAN BALITA DI DESA KARANGPAPAK
Authors: Junmulyana Satria , Maulana Taufik Bima , Amelia Salsa , Suwandana Erik , Wulandari Siska
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) di Desa Karangpapak bertujuan untuk mengatasi prevalensistunting pada anak dan balita. Melalui pemberian makanan tambahan, penimbangan posyandu, dan kegiatan sosialisasi, program ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi stunting dan upaya pencegahannya. Dengan pendekatan holistik, kegiatan pemberian makanan tambahan terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan status gizi anak. Penimbangan posyandu memberikan pemantauan teratur terhadap pertumbuhan anak, memungkinkan deteksi dini stunting. Sosialisasi membangun pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat, menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan optimal anak- anak. Meskipun menghadapi beberapa tantangan, kolaborasi erat antara tim KKN, pihak desa, dan kader kesehatan menjadi kunci keberhasilan program. Hasil ini menjadi landasan untuk upaya pencegahan stunting berkelanjutan di Desa Karangpapak dan dapat diadopsi sebagai model untuk desa-desa sekitarnya.
Novos dilemas financeiros do Estado social brasileiro pós-reforma tributária
Authors: Crosara Delgado Carlos Henrique
Published: February 2025

Based on Federal Constitution of 1.988, Brazilian Federative Republic established, as targets, to reduce regional inequalities and provide to the Brazilian people essential social rights, ensuring them minimum conditions of living and existing. This commitment reaches the Union, States, Federal District and Municipalities and to enable them to do so, Brazilian Constitution granted them with tax and financial autonomies. Even though, Social State challenges had always been huge, once Brazil is a continental country and extremely heterogeneous socially and economically, what makes the current scenario still very far from the ideal level of development, but progress was made. On the other hand, as soon as Constitutional Amendment number 132/2023 was enacted, national tax and financial systems were deeply changed, and a redesign of fiscal and financial federalism on tax consumption was brought, now focused on the Union, but ensured the possibility of subnational entities to participate in a committee, whose attributions and variables are not defined yet by the complementary lawmaker. The starting point will be to check if destination principle, elected as a criteria to share tax collection between 27 States and 5.570 Municipalities will be able to ensure enough financial resources to all these entities. It seems the answer is negative, once there is a trend that States and Municipalities that acquire more goods and services will be benefitted in comparison to the others. For those, with fewer resources available, choices will be more tragic than ever, in such way they will have to rethink how they deal with public administration, “to produce more with less”. This paper, considering its limitations, seeks to identify these challenges and propose suggestions to overcome them.
O Ministério Público de Contas como instituição inerente e essencial à judicatura de contas
Authors: Medeiros de Lima Rodrigo
Published: February 2025

The article explores the role of the Public Prosecution Offices within the Brazilian Courts of Accounts as inherent and essential institutions to the jurisdiction exercised by those courts and to the external control of public administration, from historical and legal perspectives. It does so by identifying and analyzing the historical influences of the Court of Accounts model adopted in Brazil in the 19th century, the normative evolution of the PPO within the Brazilian Federal Court of Accounts since then, and its constitutionalization in 1988. The legal perspective encompasses two analyses: one strictly normative, focusing on the PPOs’ constitutional legal framework; and another principled-deductive, centered on the fundamental guarantee and principle of due process of law, considering an external control system where the superior bodies hold judging powers and the ability to impact the rights of individuals and legal entities.
Análise do regime fiscal sustentável instituído pela lei complementar nº 200, de 2023, à luz do princípio constitucional da sustentabilidade da dívida pública
Authors: Cozer Cristiano
Published: February 2025

Since 2000, Brazilian legislation embraces fiscal rules that establish quantitative targets for financial indicators chosen for their connection with public debt. The promulgation of Constitutional Amendment No. 109 in 2021 explicitly enshrined the principle of public debt sustainability in the Constitution. This principle imposes on the State a duty to ensure that public debt remains a viable instrument for financing public policies, while maintaining macroeconomic stability through the establishment of debt trajectory targets. The current Brazilian fiscal rule, known as the sustainable fiscal regime, generally adheres to the principle of public debt sustainability, although it could be improved by incorporating a democratic deliberation mechanism that prioritizes the definition of the debt trajectory in budget planning. Moreover, strengthening the linkage between short-term primary balance targets and the desired medium- to long-term debt trajectory could further align fiscal policy with sustainable debt management.
O patriotismo econômico
Authors: Chevallier Jacques
Published: February 2025

L’activation du thème du patriotisme économique apparaît comme une réponse au constat des effets négatifs de la mondialisation, que le développement de la pandémie a contribué à mettre en évidence: l’invocation du patriotisme économique confère à l’intervention des États une nouvelle légitimité, en justifiant la défense des intérêts nationaux dans une économie mondialisée. Cette activation n’est cependant pas exempte d’ambiguïtés: la combinaison de stratégies défensive et offensive témoigne de l’ambivalence d’un patriotisme économique qui entend tout à la fois protéger l’économie nationale vis-à-vis de l’extérieur et inciter les entreprises à conquérir de nouvelles parts de marché en dehors des frontières. Cette ambivalence, génératrice de tensions structurelles au niveau des échanges internationaux, recouvre des contradictions plus profondes.
HOW TO PREDICT GYMNASTICS’ RESULTS - A SIMPLE METHOD BASED ON THE 2022 EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: Lecocq Tom , Gouelle Arnaud , Tordi Nicolas
Published: February 2025

It is very important for coaches in charge of selection to know the competition level based on the athletes registered, as well as to assess the gymnasts’ capacity to achieve the expected performance. In international artistic gymnastics competitions, access to the all-around (C2), apparatus (C3), and team (C4) finals is determined based on the results of the qualification round (C1). A specialist who competes on only one or two apparatuses may have a chance to win medals on those apparatuses but may also be a disadvantage to the team score. Based on the nominative entries submitted by each competing nation one month prior to the 2022 European Championships held in Munich, we extracted previous individual scores from national and international competitions over a period of six months before the 2022 EC. Individual standard deviations were computed for each competing athlete, and their mean and maximal scores were used as two predictive outcomes. The individual standard deviation on still rings showed a low Q1, median, Q3, and IQR for both junior and senior MAG, while pommel horse exhibited greater variability. Among WAG athletes, those competing in junior and senior vault and floor had lower Q1, median, Q3, and IQR compared to uneven bars and balance beam. When comparing both predictions (mean and maximal values) to the scores obtained in Munich, small differences were observed in terms of random errors. However, a large systematic error indicated a significant overestimation in the maximal prediction, explained by the fact that athletes are not always able to perform at their best. The percentage of gymnasts with a score less than 0.30 points away from the mean prediction ranged from 28.1% (senior floor) to 58.9% (junior still rings) for MAG and from 23.9% (junior balance beam) to 70.7% (senior vault) for WAG athletes. The simple method outlined in this article provides information about the method’s reliability on different apparatuses, as well as insight into the accuracy of score predictions across the apparatuses.
EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH AND FLEXIBILITY: KEY DETERMINANTS IN THE SWITCH LEAP PERFORMANCE?
Authors: Korpová Dominika , Krnáčová Adriana , Cihová Iveta , Kyselovičová Oľga
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between explosive strength and the level of flexibility of the lower limbs during the switch leap. The study involved 11 female artistic gymnasts in the junior and senior categories. The My Jump 2 application and the Filtro Jumper device were used to measure jump height and power in the active take-off phase in 10-s repetitive jump tests with arm fixation and arm movement as well as in the switch leap. Flexibility level was assessed using FIG tests in which the extension and flexion of the dominant lower limbs were evaluated. Performance in the alternating jump was assessed by judges using video recordings. The height of the switch leap correlated with lower limb flexibility (r = 0.863**, p=0.001) and with the height achieved in the 10-s arm fixation jump test (r = 0.740**, p=0.009). A significant correlation was found between the height of the switch leap and the power of the active take-off phase in the 10-second arm fixation test (r = 0.671*, p=0.024). In addition, a significant correlation was found between the power in the active take-off phase of the switch leap and the flexibility level (r=0.685*, p=0.020). The correlation between the evaluation value and the level of flexibility was confirmed (r=0.634*, p=0.036). It was shown that explosive strength and the level of flexibility contribute significantly to the execution of the switch leap.
ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К УГЛЕРОДИСТЫМ ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЯМ, ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫМ В ЭЛЕКТРОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССАХ
Authors: Ульева Г.А.
Published: February 2025

В статье приведена сравнительная оценка твердых углеродсодержащих восстановителей, применяемых в электротермическом процессе получения технического кремния. Рассмотрены свойства, структура традиционных и нетрадиционных углеродистых восстановителей. Нетрадиционные углеродистые восстановители были получены скоростным термо окислительным пиролизом из неспекающихся длиннопламенных углей месторождения Центрального Казахстана (Шубарколь и Куу-Чек). Приведены параметры микроструктуры (размер пор, толщина межпоровых стенок) рассматриваемых восстановителей. По мере повышения скорости нагрева происходит уменьшение размера пор. При этом образуется развитая поровая структура спецкокса, повышается его высокая реакционная способность, что является наиболее важным параметром при электротермическом восстановлении технического кремния.

In this article provides a comparative assessment of solid carbon containing reducing agents used in the electrothermal process for producing technical silicon metal. At the same time, the properties, structure of traditional and non-traditional carbon containing reducing agents are considered. Non-traditional carbonaceous reducing agents were obtained by high-speed thermal oxidizer pyrolysis from non-caking long-flame coals from the deposits in Central Kazakhstan (Shubarcol and Kuu-Chek). The microstructure parameters are given (pore size, thickness of interpore walls) of the reducing agents under consideration. As the heating rate increases, the pore size decreases. In this case, a developed pore structure of special coke is formed, its reactivity increases, which is the most important parameter in the electrothermal reducing of technical silicon metal.
Construct validity of the PHQ-9 in university students in Colombia: A Rasch analysis approach
Authors: Cassiani-Miranda Carlos Arturo , Scoppetta Orlando , Barrios-Villadiego María Alejandra , Tirado-Otálvaro Andrés Felipe , Duran-Bedoya Andrea Carolina
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) is one of the most widely used screening instruments for major depressive episodes. However, there are no published studies on Rasch-type analysis of the PHQ-9 among Spanish-speaking university students. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 in university students using Rasch-type models and to assess possible biases of the items according to gender. Methods:  This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the psychometric performance of the PHQ-9 in health sciences students at the University of Cartagena (Colombia). A random sampling stratified by academic program, semester, and sex was used, obtaining a sample of 550 participants (9 excluded for incomplete responses). Participants signed an informed consent, and the study was approved by an ethics committee. Rasch analysis was used to assess model fit, differential item functioning, dimensionality, local independence, and reliability. Adequate internal consistency (a=0.83, w=0.89) and factorial validity were found. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 550 health science students from Colombian university. The data were analyzed using a Rasch model, in which the following psychometric characteristics were verified: 1) differential item functioning, 2) dimensionality and local independence, and 3) overall fit. Only item 2 showed a tendency toward differential functioning.  Conclusions: One-dimensionality and local independence of the items, moderate reliability, and good general fit were found, although there was a gap between the degree of depression measured by the PHQ-9 and the participants' responses. The Spanish version of the PHQ-9 for Colombian university students showed adequate item-level psychometric properties for screening for major depressive episodes.
La proximidad urbana en las zonas periféricas de las ciudades mexicanas: Caso de estudio Las Jacarandas, zona metropolitana de Xalapa
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Velázquez Ruiz Arturo
Published: February 2025

Este texto hace un análisis de la proximidad urbana en la periferia de la zona metropolitana de Xalapa, en la localidad denominada Las Jacarandas. Se realizó el mapeo de los espacios públicos en dicha localidad, acorde a lo establecido en la norma oficial mexicana NOM-001-SEDATU-2021, que se consideran atractores urbanos y, a partir de estos, se marcaron recorridos peatonales.
Eso sirvió para generar un mapa de proximidad urbana con el fin de evidenciar las zonas de dicho asentamiento que poseen una mayor cercanía con los atractores y, a su vez, de aquellas que han sido relegadas en este ámbito de fraccionamientos planeados, acorde con lo establecido en las normas.
Aplicación de metodología estadística para la clasificación económica de la ciudad de Xalapa
Authors:   Universidad Veracruzana, Sánchez García Juan Andrés
Published: February 2025

Las ciudades contemporáneas reflejan una serie de interacciones y fenómenos que necesitan ser estudiados para comprender la dinámica que ocurre en ellas. Una de las variables que marca una transformación en las ciudades es la económica, que convierte este sector en un punto de atención para explicar fenómenos de desarrollo en las urbes.
La actividad económica se convierte entonces en un epicentro de estudio cuyas técnicas no deben marcar solo un conteo de proporción en diferentes áreas, sino que se debe usar una metodología que explore y explique la clasificación económica con la menor cantidad de observaciones. Por tal motivo, este trabajo busca expresar la clasificación de las ciudades con una expresión estadística y, con base en la ciencia de datos, validar los residuos del modelo, así como explorar situaciones que pueden robustecer o fragilizar la ecuación que explique las actividades económicas significativas en el estudio.
Penguatan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Penetapan Standar Operasional Prosedur UMKM
Authors: Setyawan Margono , Basuki Ananto
Published: February 2025

UMKM di Kota Malang memiliki kontribusi yang besar dalam menciptakan lapangan kerja dan menggerakkan roda perekonomian, namun masih banyak yang menghadapi tantangan dalam memasarkan produk dan pengelolaan bisnis. Salah satu tantangan utama yang dihadapi oleh UMKM adalah minimnya akses terhadap pasar yang lebih luas dan beragam. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan penjualan yang stagnan atau menurun, dan berdampak pada kesinambungan usaha. Oleh karena itu, pembaruan saluran pemasaran dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan akses pasar bagi UMKM. Pelaku usaha UMKM juga mengalami kendala dalam mengelola bisnis dan menjalankan fungsi manajerial yang efektif. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada pengambilan keputusan yang kurang tepat, pengelolaan keuangan yang buruk, serta kurangnya kemampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan pasar dan lingkungan bisnis. Oleh karena itu, pembaruan saluran pemasaran dan penguatan kemampuan manajerial pelaku usaha merupakan dua hal yang saling terkait dan mempengaruhi keberhasilan usaha UMKM. Sehubungan dengan permasalahan yang dialami oleh UMKM Pastry di Kota Malang, Kegiatan pengabdian Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya pada tahun 2023 diarahkan pada pengadaan kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan pemasaran dan peningkatan produktivitas pelaku usaha yang bergerak di industri pastry. Pembaharuan saluran pemasaran dan penguatan kemampuan manajerial pelaku usaha dapat membantu para pelaku usaha UMKM untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan akses pasar dan kemampuan manajerial. Pokok bahasan dan materi pelatihan akan disesuaikan dengan permasalahan pemasaran dan produksi yang dialami oleh mitra.

Kata Kunci: Penguatan SDM; Pembuatan SOP; UMKM
Pendampingan Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Refleksi Untuk Mahasiswa Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fitria Risa , Anfetonanda Grace Amialia , Lestari Disa Evawani
Published: February 2025

Kurangnya kompetensi guru dalam mengajar Bahasa Inggris untuk anak usia dini menjadi salah satu faktor rendahnya kualitas pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, program PkM ini merancang sebuah program pendampingan pengajaran Bahasa Inggris berbasis refleksi bagi mahasiswa guru dari Program Studi PGSD. Program ini bertujuan memberikan bekal keterampilan mengajar Bahasa Inggris bagi mahasiswa guru, khususnya jika mereka di masa depan diminta untuk mengajar Bahasa Inggris oleh pihak sekolah. Program ini menggunakan metode refleksi yang diterapkan selama proses pengajaran untuk membantu mahasiswa guru menganalisis dan meningkatkan kemampuan mengajar Bahasa Inggrisnya. Selain itu, metode pendampingan didasarkan pada pendekatan yang menekankan bimbingan terstruktur dalam proses pengajaran mahasiswa guru sekolah dasar. Hasil dari program ini menunjukkan dampak positif, terutama dalam perbaikan Renca yna Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan peningkatan kualitas pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Sebagai rekomendasi, pada program PkM berikutnya disarankan untuk mengembangkan modul refleksi yang dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dalam kegiatan serupa. Modul ini diharapkan mampu membuat proses refleksi lebih terstruktur dan bermakna, sehingga dapat memberikan dampak yang lebih besar pada pengembangan kompetensi mahasiswa guru dan kualitas pembelajaran mahasiswa guru di tingkat pendidikan dasar.

Keywords: Bahasa Inggris, Mahasiswa Guru, Pendampingan, Refleksi
A Study on Nail Design Applying Dreams and Fantastic Characteristics in Surrealist Works: Focusing on Vladimir Kush
Authors: Hwang Yun-Ok , Kim Da-Hong
Published: February 2025

This study aims to expand the scope of nail design materials that can satisfy the tendencies of various consumers and provide commercialized materials through nail art works that apply the dream and fantastic characteristics of surrealist works. The research methods of this paper are as follows. In order to theoretically examine the dream and fantastic characteristics of Vladimir Kush’s works among surrealist artists, we analyzed Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory that influenced surrealism, previous research on Vladimir Kush, and the contents of exhibitions. Through this, we created five works that applied the dream and fantastic characteristics of the artist’s works, and extracted the design points of each work to present nail stencil plate designs. We also created nail tarot cards to provide materials that can actually be used in salons. Through this study, we developed new designs by applying the dream and fantastic characteristics of surrealist artists that were not covered in previous studies in the nail art field, and we believe that it will be helpful in the field of nail art design research and education and training for nail design development.
Marketing Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises in the North Karnataka Region
Authors: Rekha Mahendrakar
Published: February 2025

The study examines the marketing opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in North Karnataka, focusing on their socio-economic backgrounds, motivations, and experiences. It evaluates the impact of digital platforms, government policies, and financial resources on their growth. The research, involving 379 respondents, found that family and geographical/group-specific factors significantly influence women entrepreneurs' marketing performance. Family factors influence material conditions, financial independence, and public utility usage, while geographical or group-specific factors impact behavioral and knowledge outcomes. The study suggests that addressing personal, financial, and policy-related challenges and leveraging digital tools can empower women entrepreneurs, promoting sustainable growth and economic independence in the region.
Enhancing Medical Image Analysis with CNN and MobileNet: A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
Authors: Asmaa Ghali Sabea
Published: February 2025

Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have shown significant promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy (ACC) in medical imaging. This study explores the applicationof Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and the MobileNet architecture, optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), for the classification of chest X-ray images. Our findings reveal that the CNN achieved impressive classification metrics, with a precision (PER) of 0.94, recall (REC) of 1.00, and an F1-score (F1-s) of 0.97 for the control class. Similarly, for the COVID-19 class, the CNN exhibited a PER of 0.86 and a REC of 0.92, culminating in an F1-s of 0.89.
The MobileNet model, prior to PSO optimization, showed remarkable PER and REC across all classes, with overall ACC reaching 0.95. Post-PSO, MobileNet retained an overall ACCof 0.95, with marginal adjustments in PER and REC values, indicating refined model performance. Notably, the control class’sPER improved to 0.99 after PSO, and the COVID-19 class sawan increase in REC to 0.98.
These results underscore the potential of using sophisticated Machine Learning (ML) models to aid in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. The high ACC and F1-ss suggest that both CNN and MobileNet models, particularly when enhanced by PSO, could serve as reliable tools in clinical settings, augmenting the capabilities of medical professionals in the interpretation of chest X-rays.
Exploring the Impact of Recommendation Advertisements on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Yaqeen Mousa Abid
Published: February 2025

Tool wear monitoring and predictive maintenance are critical in manufacturing, where traditional methods often struggle to adapt to changing conditions. This research presents an Adaptive Reinforcement Learning Framework for Real-Time Tool Wear Optimization and Predictive Maintenance (ARTOM). The framework integrates reinforcement learning with real-time sensor feedback to optimize machining parameters and maintenance schedules dynamically. Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is used to guide decision-making by balancing tool life, product quality, and operational costs. Multi-agent reinforcement learning divides tasks among agents to handle diverse machining scenarios, while sliding window techniques and dimensionality reduction ensure efficient data processing. The study has used the benchmark dataset, which include time-series sensor data and machining parameters. Metrics potential metrics have been used to evaluate prediction accuracy, while runtime and memory usage assess computational efficiency. Results has shown that ARTOM consistently achieves lower prediction errors and faster execution times than contemporary baseline models. These findings demonstrate ARTOM’s ability to adapt to different tool conditions and improve operational decision-making.
Distributed and Hierarchical Clustering in Wireless Camera Sensor Networks leading to Internet of Things
Authors: Subhash Singh Parihar
Published: February 2025

The Wireless Sensor Industry is crucial for modern applications like military navigation, home automation, and agricultural security. The effective estab-lishment and operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) hinge on maxim-izing efficiency, network longevity, and minimizing power consumption while ensuring reliability. Researchers focus on optimizing these aspects to enhance WSN performance. This study explores various strategies for improving power consumption, energy efficiency, and network lifespan in WSNs. It emphasizes distributed and hierarchical clustering methods for their scalability, stability, ef-ficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The performance analysis of different non-meta clustering schemes considers metrics such as alive nodes, dead nodes, and throughput over time. Starting with an overview of WSNs, the paper ad-dresses design issues across different network types, including camera-based and ad-hoc networks, and compares clustering techniques. The conclusion advocates for cooperative communication and integrating clustering schemes to advance Wireless Camera Sensor Networks (WCSNs) for Internet of Things (IoT) ap-plications, ensuring efficient power management, extended lifespan, and bal-anced load distribution, thereby enhancing IoT deployments.
Numerical Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Concrete Tunnels Considering Concrete Liner Parameters
Authors: Walaa Hussein Kamil
Published: February 2025

The tunnel form concrete system is a new industrial construction method to facilitate construction management and reduce construction time and related financial risks. Unlike conventional framed structures, this system does not have columns and beams. However, the wall and slab elements resist lateral and gravity loads. One of the most important factors producing axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments in concrete tunnels is earthquakes. Tunnels are inherently stronger than structures on the ground. Earthquake damage in different regions of the world has highlighted the importance of creating dynamic loads in the design of concrete tunnels. This study aims to numerically evaluate the seismic performance of concrete tunnels considering soil-structure interaction. The main innovation of this research is the comparison of numerical results with analytical methods and results. According to studies, although analytical methods may provide responses, often the responses are too long and difficult or it is impossible to measure the dynamic load in tunnels accurately. As a result, numerical methods are used to investigate the seismic performance of concrete tunnels by considering soil-structure interaction. To implement numerical methods, FLAC3D software is used to model the behavior of structures built in rock and soil. The main advantage of numerical methods over analytical methods is the continuous concrete liner. According to the results, increasing the bending moment deformation modulus leads to a decrease in the axial force in the concrete tunnel liner. Subsequently, strengthening the thickness of the tunnel concrete liner leads to an increase in the bending moment. Finally, increasing the number of concrete liner pieces leads to a decrease in the maximum axial force and shear force.
Bridging the Gap Between Question and Answer: A Comprehensive Analysis on Medical Question Answering Systems
Authors: Keerthana SM
Published: February 2025

Data is the universal language of information in real world. But according to a statistic only 20% of the data in real world are structured where remaining 80% of data are unstructured. The machine provides in accurate result in retrieving the information from these unstructured data. With help of Natural Language Processing (NLP), the machines are able to process the dark data and accomplish the task given by user. Among many tasks of NLP, Question Answering System (QAS)plays a vital role for the real-world development. QAS is the task of giving accurate answer for the question posted by user in natural language about the document (Textual Question Answering) or query about the image (Visual Question Answering) or question related to medical field (Medical Question Answering). This paper provides an overview of Medical QAS Datasets, Methodology implemented and the Metrics to evaluate the model. At the end of the survey, this paper provides a finalized overview of what methodology/approach can be used for the QAS.
Image Encryption and Decryption Using XOR operator
Authors: G. Rajasekher Reddy
Published: February 2025

Images can be encrypted and contain critical information, just like text. You can employ encryption algorithms such as logistic chaotic maps, RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman), DES (Data Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), or even basic scan and XOR-based algorithms. Here is a brief explanation of how XORbased image encryption works and how to scan. The original image is divided into a particular number of blocks. shuffled using scan patterns to generate a new image. Each block’s pixels are moved once more. The freshly created image is encrypted using XOR algorithms. Two random blocks from the rearranged image are XORed with each block. A single 128-bit secure key is produced. The designated receiver receives this key, and decryption is carried out. The photos must be encrypted such that they cannot be decrypted without a secure key, even if they are accessed arbitrarily online. You would learn the fundamentals of cybersecurity and hone your cryptography abilities with this assignment.
Optimized Design of Hybrid Solar Power Systems in Jhansi, India: Enhancing Efficiency
Authors: Garima Singh
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study focuses on designing and optimizing a hybrid solar power generation system tailored to the energy challenges of Jhansi, India. With the goal of enhancing energy efficiency, integrating solar power with complementary renewable sources emerges as a pivotal strategy. Employing the advanced capabilities of HOMER software, the research explores various system configurations to identify the most efficient setup for Jhansi’s unique requirements. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders, offering guidance in navigating the complexities of the energy transition. These insights emphasize the transformative potential of hybrid solar power systems, demonstrating how advanced optimization tools like HOMER can drive sustainable energy solutions in India and globally. The study highlights the significant benefits of hybrid systems, such as PV-Biomass and Solar-Wind, in stabilizing energy systems, mitigating climate change, and fostering economic growth. By addressing Jhansi’s energy needs, the research underscores the importance of renewable energy integration in achieving sustainable development. The results point to substantial improvements in energy generation and utilization, showcasing the potential for hybrid systems to overcome energy challenges while contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy future in the region and beyond.
Improving Educational Planning, Strategy, and Implementation through Artificial Intelligence: The DaVinci University Experience
Authors: Ana Laura Castañeda Vitela
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently plays a pivotal role in academic research among faculty at Universidad DaVinci. This study examines how AI is transforming research methodologies, with a particular focus on its impact on the efficiency and quality of resources it facilitates. The primary objective is to identify the factors influencing the frequency of AI usage, using Universidad DaVinci in Mexico as a case study.
The research was conducted in two phases, employing a five-point Likert scale survey to collect data. Findings reveal that variables outlined in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) significantly influence AI adoption among faculty members. Key factors include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward technology. However, adoption is often hindered by challenges such as limited knowledge, insufficient training, resistance to change, and implementation barriers.
These insights underscore the importance of targeted strategies to address these obstacles, fostering broader acceptance and effective integration of AI in academic research.