bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Phase Reconstruction Using Random Three Step Phase-Shift in Wavelength Tuning Interferometer
Authors: Zhu Xueliang , Wang Dasen , Li Jing , Hao Yilei , Liu Bingcai , Tian Ailing , Jin Guiying , Zhao Pengcheng
Published: February 2023

The standard stochastic two-step phase shift phase demodulation method analyzes the tangent function of the phase to be measured to extract the phase to be evaluated. It is necessary to eliminate the background light intensity of interference fringes, which has a significant impact
on phase reconstruction accuracy. A random three-step phase shift algorithm (RTP) is suggested in this study. The phase shift between two adjacent interference fringes is extracted using the least squares approach in conjunction with a K-order twodimensional polynomial. Additionally,
it employs the interference fringe graph’s difference operation to reduce the background light intensity and actualize the restoration of the measurement phase. The experimental and simulations results reveal that phase shift, luminous non-uniformity, and random noise have little effect
on the random three-step phase shift method and have strong environmental adaptability.
Research on Fault Location Technology of Overhead Line Based on Non-Contact High Sensitivity Distributed Traveling Wave
Authors: Huang Zhidu , Li Shan , Feng Yubin , Tang Jie , Zhang Wei , Cui Zhimei , Wu Rongrong , Ouyang Jianna , Oyang Lu
Published: February 2023

Aiming at the characteristics of overhead transmission line faults and starting from the research of the fault transient current and features of traveling wave signals of the grounded transmission tower when fault occurs, this paper analyzes non-contact distributed methods of acquiring
fault traveling wave signals and then puts forward one. The transient traveling wave signal designed at the earth potential terminal of the transmission line tower allows the quick and accurate acquisition of the fault signal, improving the reliability and accuracy of the fault signal. At
the same time, a series of simulation and experimental analysis were carried out. The distributed non-contact fault location method is more flexible than the traditional method and can be used in the field application of overhead transmission lines to improve the fault location accuracy and
search efficiency.
Convolutional Neural Network Enable Optoelectronic System for Predicting Cardiac Response by Analyzing Auction-Based Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Irshad Reyazur Rashid , Shaman Faisal , Alalayah Khaled M. , Alwayle Ibrahim M. , Hazber Mohamed A. G. , Aqlan Amal M. , Alattab Ahmed Abdu
Published: February 2023

One of the body’s most important organs is the heart. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a common diagnostic tool because it provides continuous tracings of the heart’s electrophysiological activity. The study’s overarching objective is the development and implementation
of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based abnormal heart beat detection system with potential applications in the early diagnosis and timely treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Through the transmission of signals to the healthcare monitoring system, these wearable devices enable doctors to
keep constant, reliable tabs on their patients’ health statuses. In addition to alerting the doctors and nurses, this serves as a warning to the patient so that they, too, can take preventative measures. Several scientific teams utilizing AI contributed to the victory. Predicting cardiovascular
disease using information gathered from smart devices is challenging due to low accuracy and time complexity. We propose a new optimization strategy based on deep learning to tackle these problems. In particular, it relies on the Condition-Convolutional Neural Network (Condition-CNN) based
Auction-based Optimization algorithm, which analyzes optimization algorithms (ABO) while also considering Opto electronics property (sensor and detector characteristics, MOSFET) mechanism details, and the active element triumvirate.
Synoptic-Scale Effects of Atmospheric Heat Source over Key Areas of the Tibetan Plateau on Its Downstream Rainfall in Summer
Authors: Fan Xuyan , Li Yueqing , Li Juan
Published: February 2023

This study demonstrates the synoptic-scale relationship between the atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) (TP) and summer rainfall in eastern China. The results show that the summer TP has three key areas [eastern, western, and northeastern TP (TPE, TPW, TPNE, respectively)] and 3–8-day dominant oscillation periods on the synoptic time scale for each subregion. Analogously, on the synoptic scale, the downstream rainfall of the TP in China has six sensitive regions (zone I to zone VI), each with 3–8-day dominant periods. The TPE, TPW, and TPNE lead rainfall by 4 days with a southeastward propagation pathway, by 5 days with both southeastward and northeastward propagation routes, and by 4 days with an eastward route, respectively. Mechanistically, when TP lies in the positive-to-negative transition phase, the rainfall moves off the TP and reaches the maximum in its most inactive phase; the jet cores embedded in the subtropical westerly jet band and the trough from the region of the TP lead the eastward movement of the rainfall by the propagation of the divergence center and generalized moist potential vorticity. Besides, the southwest vortex and northwest vortex generated at the southeastern and northeastern flank of the TP are the main cause for the southeastward and northeastward or eastward movement of the precipitation. Further internal atmospheric dynamic structures indicate that both the horizontal moisture advection and generalized moist potential vorticity advection act on the entire propagation processes of the synoptic-scale signals for each TP key area. In conclusion, the study has obvious theoretical significance and application value for the development of plateau synoptics.
Dynamics Governing a Simulated Bow-and-Arrow-Type Mesoscale Convective System
Authors: Zhang Shushi , Parsons David B. , Xu Xin , Sun Jisong , Wu Tianjie , Abulikemu Abuduwaili , Xu Fen , Chen Gang , Shen Wenqiang , Liu Lihang , Zhang Xidi , Zhang Kun , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2023

The bow-and-arrow Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) has a unique structure with two convective lines resembling the shape of an archer’s bow and arrow. These MCSs and their arrow convection (located behind the MCS leading line) can produce hazardous winds and flooding extending over hundreds of kilometers, which are often poorly predicted in operational forecasts. This study examines the dynamics of a bow-and-arrow MCS observed over the Yangtze–Huai Plains of China, with a focus on the arrow convection provided. The analysis utilized backward trajectories and Lagrangian vertical momentum budgets to simulations employing the WRF‐ARW and CM1 models. Cells within the arrow in the WRF-ARW simulations of the MCS were elevated, initially forming as convectively unstable air within the low-level jet (LLJ), which gently ascended over the cold pool and converged with the MCS’s mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) at higher altitudes. The subsequent ascent in these cells was enhanced by dynamic pressure forcing due to the updraft being within a layer where the vertical shear changed with height due to the superposition of the LLJ and the MCV. These dynamic forcings initially played a larger role in the ascent than the parcel’s buoyancy. These findings were bolstered by idealized simulations employing the CM1 model. These results illustrate a challenge for accurately forecasting bow-and-arrow MCSs as the updraft magnitude depends on dynamical forcing associated with the interaction between vertical shear associated with the environment and due to convectively generated circulations.
The Implementation of a Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) Program at a Level 1 New England Trauma Center: Feasibility and Early Outcomes
Authors: Roderick Elizabeth , Ricaurte Daniel , Croteau Alfred , Gates Jonathan , Bass Stacy , Jain A.K. , Keating Jane
Published: February 2023

Objectives

We evaluated the feasibility of implementing a Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) program at our urban level 1 trauma center and evaluated early outcomes.

Design

A multidisciplinary committee including physicians (trauma surgery, emergency medicine, vascular surgery, and interventional radiology) and nurses created clinical practice guidelines for the placement of REBOA at our institution. All trauma surgeons and critical care board certified emergency medicine physicians were trained in placement and nurses received management training. A formal review process was implemented to identify areas for improvement. Finally, we instituted refresher training to maintain REBOA competency. Trauma patients with noncompressible torso hemorrhage from blunt or penetrating injuries who were partial or nonresponders to blood product resuscitation were included. Pregnant patients, children, or patients with significant hemothorax or suspected aortic or cardiac injury were excluded.

Results

Over seven months, eight catheters were successfully placed, all on the first attempt, including six in Zone 3 and two in Zone 1. All Zone 3 catheters were placed for pelvic fracture-related bleeding which were subsequently embolized. The Zone 1 catheters were placed immediately preoperatively for intraabdominal bleeding. Upon committee review, one critique was made regarding zone selection. One patient developed an arteriovenous fistula after placement which resolved without intervention. There were no other complications and all patients survived to discharge.

Conclusions

An REBOA program is feasible and safe following a comprehensive multidisciplinary effort. The efforts described here can be utilized by similar trauma programs for adaptation of this endovascular approach to bleeding control.
Donate for your Secrets: Relationship between Secrecy, Guilt and Donation Behavior
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Duan Jinyun , Wang Tingxi , Li Sixian , Yu Boming
Published: February 2023

Previous research has well documented the negative sides of secrecy, ignoring its potential constructive aspects. Based on the concept of compensatory behavior, this study conducted two experiments with 532 adults to explore the mediating role of felt guilt between secrecy and donation, and the moderating role of moral identity. Study 1 ( N = 272) showed that felt guilt mediated the relationship between secrecy and donation behaviors. Study 2 ( N = 260) validated the mediation effect of Study 1 and further indicated that the mediated path was stronger for participants with higher moral identity. Specifically, participants with higher moral identity felt more guilty and donated more after secrecy than those with lower moral identity. The results of this study not only expand the constructive consequences of secrecy but also add more ways to appeal for donations.
On militant democracy’s institutional conservatism
Authors: Nitzschner Patrick
Published: February 2023

This article critically reconstructs militant democracy’s ‘institutional conservatism’, a theoretical preference for institutions that restrain transformation. It offers two arguments, one historical and one normative. Firstly, it traces a historical development from a substantive to a procedural version of institutional conservatism from the traditional militant democratic thought of Schmitt, Loewenstein and Popper to the contemporary militant democratic theories of Kirshner and Rijpkema. Substantive institutional conservatisms theorize institutions that hinder transformation of the existing order; procedural conservatisms encourage transformation but contain and limit it within the boundaries of existing institutions. Secondly, the article uses resources internal to this historical reconstruction to make the normative case that even the procedural version of institutional conservatism, which characterizes contemporary theories of militant democracy, is problematic from a democratic perspective. The reason for this is that it unjustifiably restricts fundamental democratic change to existing institutions. In conclusion, the article calls for further engagement with modes of democratic defence that do not limit the possibility of radical democratic change but nevertheless enable the protection of democratic institutions against authoritarian regression.
Justice, Injustice and the Work of Julia Kristeva
Authors: Lechte John
Published: February 2023

Taking a largely thematic approach, this reflection aims to demonstrate the richness of Julia Kristeva’s theoretical work in relation to questions of justice and injustice. Injustice becomes primary because a definition of justice continues to be open to debate, whereas injustice as incarnate in the scapegoat as depicted by René Girard is far less so, if at all. Through her analyses of the work of Mallarmé and the Paris of the Dreyfus affair, Céline and abjection and anti-Semitism, the ‘need to believe’ as a key component of subjectivity, the foreigner as the other in ourselves, Dostoyevsky and forgiveness, a vista is opened up onto injustice and how it might be combatted.
Powerlessness, Structural Evil, and A Theology of Power
Authors: Hong Yohan
Published: February 2023

This research calls attention to the powerlessness of everyday people in the Philippines, by discovering what kind of power is in play, how the fallen powers can be named and made visible, and then ultimately the ways through which power should be restored. First, this paper traces back to Pre-Hispanic times and the Spanish colonial rule period in the Filipino history to investigate the foundation of contemporary power structures of the Philippines, Second, the distinctive traits of power structures in the modern Philippines are explored, with a focus on how structural evil has been situated in the system through the patron–client relation, elitism, and oligarchy, and how it causes and perpetuates the powerlessness of everyday people in the Philippines. Then, a theology of power and the church are presented as the ultimate ways through which power should be restored.
A conceptual hydrological model of semiarid Andean headwater systems in Chile
Authors: Navarro Gonzalo , MacDonell Shelley , Valois Rémi
Published: February 2023

Semiarid Andean headwaters are key components of the hydrological system of north-central Chile as this is the main source of runoff which supports ecosystems and population located downstream. This study develops a conceptual hydrological model of the Chilean semiarid Andes headwaters, based on an integrative critical analysis of the current state of published research in the region. We combine a plethora of literature focused on isolated hydrological units including extensive literature on glacier and snowpack hydrological processes and less abundant literature on permafrost landforms, groundwater dynamics and other hydrological features. Among others, we identify important knowledge gaps related to the hydrogeomorphological understanding of permafrost area and its interaction with groundwater, as well as deep aquifer recharge and circulation. These two research topics are necessary next steps to better constrain model predictions of catchment response to future climatic scenarios associated with decreasing water contribution from glaciers and precipitation.
Study on passive suppression method of rotating stall in mixed-flow pump: Using different impeller rim structures
Authors: Ji Leilei , Li Shuo , Li Wei , Huang Yuxin , Shi Weidong , Yang Yang , Li Haoming , Yang Yongfei , Agarwal Ramesh K
Published: February 2023

Tip leakage flow (TLF) is not only an important factor causing hydraulic loss in mixed-flow pump, but also one of the inceptions of rotating stall. At present, limiting the stall of rotating machinery by restraining the TLF has gradually become a research hotspot of rotating machinery. However, in the field of mixed-flow pump, it is still in the initial stage of exploration. With the development of hydraulic machinery towards large-scale and high-speed, it is necessary to study its rotating stall suppression methods and expand its efficient operation range. Therefore, based on the idea of passive suppression of rotating stall, four new impeller rim structures are proposed in this study to optimize the performance of mixed-flow pump and to suppress or delay the occurrence of stall. The research results show that the geometric structure of the rim clearance has a significant impact on the energy performance of the mixed-flow pump, Bulge_Tip structure and Double_Rib_Tip structure make the critical stall and deep stall operating points shift to the low flow rate operating points, which improves the “saddle area” performance of the mixed-flow pump to a certain extent. However, there are two stall segments in the performance curve of Groove_Tip and Single_Rib_Tip structures, which worsens the pump performance in the “saddle area”. From the analysis of flow mechanism, it can be seen that Bulge_Tip structure and Double_Rib_Tip structure can restrain the loss of turbulent kinetic energy in the gap under stall condition to a certain extent, and limit the position and strength of unsteady secondary vortex (SV) structure at the impeller outlet, so as to shorten the stall range of mixed-flow pump without deteriorating the stall flow field in the impeller. Therefore, Bulge_Tip structure and Double_Rib_Tip structure has a light application prospect in stall suppression of hydraulic machinery.
The Emergence of Problem Construction at the Team-Level
Authors: Leone Salvatore , Japp Payge , Reiter-Palmon Roni
Published: February 2023

The present study progresses the understanding of the role problem construction plays in team creative problem-solving. Analyzing recorded teamwork sessions revealed that teams spent the great majority of their time engaged in problem construction behaviors (53.56% of data) compared to idea generation (28.03%), or idea evaluation (18.56%). A social sequence analysis did not reveal any statistically significant sequences of processes utilized by teams. We discuss the breakdown of specific behaviors within each class, provide qualitative descriptions of team processes, and discuss how problem construction was employed and observed at the team level.
Challenges in Inter-rater Agreement on Lamina Propria Fibrosis in Esophageal Biopsies
Authors: Thaker Ameet I. , Smith Jacob , Pathak Mona , Park Jason Y.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Mucosal biopsies in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) can exhibit lamina propria (LP) fibrosis, which may portend stenotic complications; however, the histologic diagnosis of LP fibrosis is subjective. We sought to assess and improve the consistency of LP fibrosis diagnosis among our pathologist group.

Methods:

At a large pediatric hospital, 25 esophageal biopsy slides from 19 patients (16 with EoE) exhibiting a wide spectrum of LP area, artifacts, and fibrosis severity were scanned into whole-slide images. Staff pediatric pathologists (n = 8) separate from the authors classified each biopsy by LP adequacy and fibrosis severity 1 month before and after completion of an educational tutorial. Consensus was defined as >70% agreement.

Results:

At baseline, 16/25 (64%) cases reached consensus for no fibrosis (n = 3), fibrosis (n = 7), or inadequate LP (n = 6); agreement was fair (α = 0.34). Post-tutorial, 13/25 (52%) cases reached consensus for no fibrosis (n = 2), fibrosis (n = 7), or inadequate LP (n = 4); agreement was again fair (α = 0.33). There was moderate agreement in grading of fibrosis severity (α = 0.54).

Conclusion:

We document only fair-to-moderate agreement in the diagnosis of esophageal LP fibrosis and adequacy in a large pediatric pathologist group despite targeted education, highlighting a challenge in incorporating this feature into EoE research and clinical decision-making.
RPGRIP1 variant associated with pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy
Authors: Bianco Lorenzo , Antropoli Alessio , Arrigo Alessandro , Saladino Andrea , Berni Alessandro , Bandello Francesco , Mansour Ahmad M , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To report a case of Pigmented Paravenous Chorioretinal Atrophy (PPCRA) associated with a novel RPGRIP1 dominant variant.

Methods

Case report. The patient underwent multimodal retinal imaging, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT Angiography (OCTA), blue-light autofluorescence (BAF), and ultra-widefield pseudocolor retinography and autofluorescence. Genetic testing was performed using next-generation sequencing.

Results

A 67-year-old male presented with a clinical suspicion of retinitis pigmentosa. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/32 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. On fundus examination, paravenous pigment clumping and chorioretinal atrophy were seen bilaterally, matching confluent hypoautofluorescent areas departing from the optic disc. This clinical presentation suggested a case of PPCRA. Genetic testing found a heterozygous deletion of nucleotide 631 (c.631del) in the RPGRIP1 gene, a frameshift variant that generates a premature stop codon (p.Ser211Valfs*64) and therefore results in a truncated or absent protein product. The variant was regarded as likely pathogenic (class IV).

Conclusion

In this report, we describe a case of PPCRA in association with a novel, likely pathogenic c.631del, p.Ser211Valfs*64 variant in RPGRIP1, a gene that has been associated with Leber congenital amaurosis and cone-rod dystrophy. Our case expands the spectrum of genes associated with PPCRA and prompts further studies to ascertain the molecular etiopathogenesis of this disease.
Grounding in the unconscious: “The field” in psychosocial organizational ethnography
Authors: Özdemir Kaya Didem Derya , Fotaki Marianna
Published: February 2023

Psychosocial research, which explores the unconscious and affective dynamics of organizational and social phenomena from critical perspectives, often adopts ethnographic methods. However, its locus, the unconscious, has an obscure, diffuse and dynamic nature that calls into question two central assumptions of conventional organizational ethnography: that an organization is a self-contained physical (research) site, and ethnographic research is best led by participant observation. The unconscious is produced by countless agents dispersed across time and space, making it impossible to readily identify a research site. Furthermore, psychosocial phenomena cannot be physically demarcated because a multitude of discourses, imagery, psyches, bodies, and objects are enmeshed in them. These raise contentious ontological, epistemological, and methodological questions for psychosocial researchers. In this article, we ruminate on “the field” in psychosocial organizational ethnography, seeking a robust epistemological and methodological approach to constructing and dwelling in an unconscious research site. Drawing on Lacanian psychoanalysis, we present a conceptual discussion of these issues and translate them into ethnographic methods illustrated by examples from the authors’ research. By critically re-evaluating the question of “the field,” we contribute to ethnographic studies of organizational phenomena with “fuzzy fields” without self-evident boundaries that draw on diverse onto-epistemologies.
Treating disability as an asset (not a limitation): A critical examination of disability inclusion through social entrepreneurship
Authors: Mauksch Stefanie , Dey Pascal
Published: February 2023

Social enterprises play an increasing role in providing employment opportunities for disabled people. This paper examines the implications of social enterprises’ market-based approach to disability inclusion, which is characterized by viewing disability as an asset rather than a limitation. Taking our inspiration from critical disability scholars who have pointed out that inclusion agendas produce disability as a distinct social reality, we use a performative lens to examine how social enterprises variously “do disability,” for instance, by defining where the potentials of disabled people lie and how best to promote them. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Magic Fingers, a Nepal-based enterprise that employs blind people as massage therapists, we identify entrepreneurial “doings” of disability that were guided by ideals of empowerment but that ultimately produced new and subtle forms of exclusion. By closely examining the case organization’s founding phase, as well as its practices of advertising, recruitment, and day-to-day management, we show how Magic Fingers commodified disability in novel ways, reinforced the notion of disability as a negative condition that must be “overcome” through work, and introduced new market-oriented evaluative distinctions between “more able” and “less able” disabled individuals. By exploring and evaluating these effects, this paper draws attention to the ways in which social enterprises, while challenging deficit-oriented representations of disability, can paradoxically solidify disability as something profoundly “other.”
Relating, searching, and referencing: Assessing the appeal of using GIFs to communicate
Authors: Church Scott Haden , King Jesse , Robinson Tom , Callahan Clark
Published: February 2023

GIF scholarship largely focuses on GIF use in online spaces such as Tumblr, but few studies explore the motivations of GIF users in other communicative contexts, like text messaging or messaging apps. Through employing a combination of Q methodology and uses and gratifications (U&G) theory, this study explores why individuals use GIFs in their everyday communication. Three groups of GIF users were identified in the analysis: (a) GIF enthusiasts, (b) searchers and (c) referentialists. Subsequently, the motivations, attitudes and opinions of each group for using GIFs were explored by supplementing the quantitative data with qualitative responses that emerged from interviews with the participants. Although each group had motivations for using GIFs that mirrored previous scholarship – communicative power, emotive quality, humor, technical affordances and cultural connection – an additional motivator (i.e., relationship maintenance) emerged. As GIF scholarship develops, the present study will provide a foundational understanding of GIFs from a user perspective rather than from studies that were drawn from online spaces.
Spray without politics? Contrasting street-based perceptions and computer vision framings of graffitied Rome
Authors: Levy Helton , Diamanti Eleonora
Published: February 2023

The city of Rome has been a contested site for unauthorized graffiti since antiquity. Modern times have seen graffiti practices endure in their disruptive form and viral versions of digital street art. This paper applies critical, speculative methods to approximate distinct areas of graffiti research into a common framework of analysis. The idea was to offer insights into graffiti audiencing on digital and street-based spheres of perception while discussing the method’s limitations. After listing convergences and divergences between human-centric and algorithm-centric viewpoints, results revealed an interesting set of details uniquely brought up by computer vision metadata, but which, in turn, exposed limitations in recgonizing graffiti as a politicized practice with deep radical roots.
Fatigue assessment of buried metal pipelines under traffic loads using video monitoring data
Authors: Peng Renzhu , Wang Guoxuan , Li Suzhen , Qiao Qing , Wang Yunliang , Xu Zhaokai
Published: February 2023

Traffic loads have an important impact on long-term performance of buried urban pipelines due to generation of cyclic stress and fatigue damage. As a key task for pipeline fatigue assessment, the investigation of traffic-induced pipe stress and fatigue load spectrums is always a big challenge. Focusing on the metal pipelines buried under urban intersection, an integrated framework is proposed for fatigue assessment of the pipelines under traffic loads using video monitoring data acquired by the widespread surveillance cameras in cities. The computer vision algorithms and a quarter vehicle model are first employed to identify traffic loads. Analytical pipe-soil models are then developed to calculate pipeline stress and establish the traffic-induced fatigue load spectrums of buried pipelines, based on which the Monte-Carlo simulations are finally conducted to evaluate cumulative fatigue damage and fatigue reliability. A case study on a DN500 steel pipeline buried under an urban intersection demonstrates and validates the fatigue assessment procedure. The results can provide a basis for decision support regarding maintenance and replacement of urban pipelines.
Poverty Porn and Perceptions of Agency: An Experimental Assessment
Authors: Clough Emily , Hardacre Jill , Muggleton Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

For decades, scholars, non-governmental organisations and observers have expressed concern about the use of sensationalised images of people in the developing world in non-governmental organisation fundraising advertisements. They fear that these negative messages, often known as ‘poverty porn’, lead to a perception of people in developing countries as helpless and lacking in agency. Despite this ongoing concern, there has been no empirical assessment of the effect of exposure to these negative messages on the perceptions of people living in poverty in developing countries. Our research employs an online experiment of 450 UK respondents to address this gap. It examines how watching charity advertisements affects people’s perceptions of the agency of those in poverty in developing countries. We find that those who viewed negative portrayals of those in poverty were more likely to rate people in poverty lower on measures of agency. This empirically validates the criticisms of these types of negative advertisements.
Lifestyle Elements for Improving Mental and Physical Health in Japanese University Students: Subjective Sleep Quality is a Common Key Factor
Authors: Fukuie Takemune , Inoue Koshiro , Yamaguchi Akihiko
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to reveal the key lifestyle elements that improve physical and mental health in university students by focusing on physical activity, nutrition, and sleep. This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and December 2021. The participants were 290 first-year students (mean age, 18.63 ± .63 years; age range, 18 to 23; 198 female). The outcomes were daily step counts measured using accelerometers, dietary intake by nutrient category, sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, exercise frequency and duration by exercise type, screen time, depression level, and subjective fatigue by body part. Depression and subjective eye fatigue represent mental and physical health outcomes. Subjective sleep quality predicted depression (β = −1.22, P < .001) and eye fatigue (β = −.23, P < .01) in the path analysis. Participants with higher subjective sleep quality performed more frequent aerobic exercise ( P < .01), longer session times of physical relaxation exercise ( P < .05), and shorter screen time ( P < .05). Subjective sleep quality could be a key factor for high mental and physical health. Furthermore, performing aerobic and relaxation exercises and reducing screen time are important for improving the subjective sleep quality.
The UNESCO Memory of the World Programme and claims for recognition of atrocities: The nominations of Documents of Nanjing Massacre and Voices of the ‘Comfort Women’
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyung , Sørensen Marie Louise Stig , Zhu Yujie
Published: February 2023

This article explores the use of the UNESCO Memory of the World programme in claims for recognition of atrocities, focusing on two recent nominations: Documents of Nanjing Massacre and Voices of the ‘Comfort Women’. We argue that amid domestic and international contestation of memories and historical accounts, cultural programmes, such as the Memory of the World, have become increasingly politicised and used to push for international recognition of past atrocities. The article reflects on the character of the Memory of the World programme and the core reasons for nominations to such programmes. It also considers the possible consequences of registration as it transposes the heritage of memory from the local to the global stage (and back) and in the process subjects both memory and heritage to various forms of authorised transformation and reification. We bring attention to how official recognition by the Memory of the World affects ongoing collective memory formation, and express concerns about the appropriation of individual and local memories, as they are granted universal value.
Role of abatacept in the prevention of graft-versus-host disease: current perspectives
Authors: Ngwube Alexander , Rangarajan Hemalatha , Shah Niketa
Published: February 2023

Administration of abatacept following transplantation has been reported to inhibit graft rejection and graft- versus-host-disease (GvHD) in mouse models associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This strategy has recently been adopted in clinical practice for GvHD prevention in human allogeneic HSCT and offers a unique approach to optimizing GvHD prophylaxis following alternative donor HSCTs. When combined with calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate, abatacept had shown to be safe and effective in preventing moderate to severe acute GvHD in myeloablative HSCT using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) unrelated donors. Equivalent results are being reported in recent studies using alternative donors, in reduced-intensity conditioning HSCT and nonmalignant disorders. These observations have led to hypothesizing that even in the setting of increasing donor HLA disparity, abatacept when given with traditional GvHD prophylaxis does not worsen general outcomes. In addition, in limited studies, abatacept have being protective against the development of chronic GvHD through extended dosing and in the treatment of steroid-refractory chronic GvHD. This review summarized all the limited reports of this novels approach in the HSCT setting.
Students’ expectations of instructors in face-to-face and online learning environments at a Chinese university
Authors: Lin Xi , Huang Mingyu , Lin Qiuhan
Published: February 2023

With the fast development of technology and the prevalent use of high-speed internet across campus, online courses have become a necessary option for course delivery in many universities in China. A sample group of 158 university students participated in this study. We examined differences in their expectations of instructors between face-to-face and online course settings. Results indicated that Chinese students expect their instructors to have some overlap characteristics in both sets, including being knowledgeable about the subject, building class rapport, having realistic expectations of students, and providing fair testing and grading. Specifically, Chinese students expect instructors who teach online courses to be more confident, creative, interesting, and humble. Chinese students also hope online instructors actively motivate class discussion and promote critical thinking, and are intellectually stimulating.
Laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy in a cat with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Menard Jenna , Buote Nicole J , Rivard Benjamin , Balkman Cheryl
Published: February 2023

Case summary

Minimally invasive surgery is an increasingly popular alternative to open surgery in veterinary medicine. Compared with traditional surgical approaches, laparoscopic pancreatectomy provides a less invasive approach and has several potential benefits, including improved visualization, reduced infection rate and decreased postoperative pain. Laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy has been described in humans, dogs and pigs but not cats. Pancreatectomy with or without chemotherapy is a treatment option for exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, a rare but malignant cancer in cats. We report the case of a 16-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma that was treated with laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy, carboplatin and toceranib phosphate. A three-port technique using a 5 mm 0º telescope and bipolar vessel sealing device was performed to remove the entire left limb of the pancreas. No intra- or postoperative complications occurred, and the patient was discharged the following day. Forty days postoperatively, the patient received its first of five doses of carboplatin, which were given every 4–5 weeks over a period of 4 months. A maintenance protocol of toceranib phosphate was started after completion of carboplatin treatment. At the time of this article being submitted, the patient had survived for more than 221 days.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report of a laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy performed on a feline patient for pancreatic carcinoma.
A comparison between online social media discussions and vaccination rates: A tale of four vaccines
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Croitoru Arie , Crooks Andrew
Published: February 2023

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has brought the debate around vaccinations to the forefront of public discussion. In this discussion, various social media platforms have a key role. While this has long been recognized, the way by which the public assigns attention to such topics remains largely unknown. Furthermore, the question of whether there is a discrepancy between people's opinions as expressed online and their actual decision to vaccinate remains open. To shed light on this issue, in this paper we examine the dynamics of online debates among four prominent vaccines (i.e., COVID-19, Influenza, MMR, and HPV) through the lens of public attention as captured on Twitter in the United States from 2015 to 2021. We then compare this to actual vaccination rates from governmental reports, which we argue serve as a proxy for real-world vaccination behaviors. Our results demonstrate that since the outbreak of COVID-19, it has come to dominate the vaccination discussion, which has led to a redistribution of attention from the other three vaccination themes. The results also show an apparent discrepancy between the online debates and the actual vaccination rates. These findings are in line with existing theories, that of agenda-setting and zero-sum theory. Furthermore, our approach could be extended to assess the public's attention toward other health-related issues, and provide a basis for quantifying the effectiveness of health promotion policies.
What’s in the laundromat? Mapping and characterising offshore-owned residential property in London
Authors: Bourne Jonathan , Ingianni Andrea , McKenzie Rex
Published: February 2023

The UK, particularly London, is a global hub for money laundering, a significant portion of which takes place through residential property. However, understanding the distribution and characteristics of offshore residential property in the UK is a challenge. This paper attempts to remedy that situation by enhancing a publicly available dataset of UK property owned by offshore companies. We create a data-processing pipeline which draws on several datasets and on machine learning techniques to create a parsed set of addresses classified into six use classes. The enhanced dataset contains 138,000 properties – 44,000 more than the original dataset. The majority are residential (95k), with a disproportionate number of those in London (42k). The average offshore residential property in London is worth 1.33 million GBP, and collectively this amounts to approximately 56 billion GBP. We perform an in-depth analysis of offshore residential property in London, comparing the price, distribution and entropy/concentration with Airbnb property, low-use/empty property and conventional residential property. We estimate that the total number of offshore, low-use and Airbnb properties in London is between 144,000 and 164,000, collectively worth between 145–174 billion GBP. Furthermore, offshore residential property is more expensive and has higher entropy/concentration than all other property types. In addition, we identify two different types of offshore property – nested and individual – which have different price and distribution characteristics. Finally, we release the enhanced offshore property dataset, the complete low-use London dataset and the pipeline for creating the enhanced dataset to encourage further research into this topic.
Plans and projects for the Central Plains of China: New forms of extended urbanisation in Zhengzhou metropolitan region
Authors: Ramondetti Leonardo
Published: February 2023

Since the early 2000s, China has seen unprecedented urban growth which has spread to every corner of the country. This process has been anything but linear. Driven by the urban entrepreneurialism of the major municipalities until the mid-2000s, the reins have since passed to the central and regional administrations which plan development in a more comprehensive and coordinated fashion. This paper discusses how this turning point in urban policies has redirected planning activities: from the centripetal development of the major cities through new towns to centrifugal urbanisation fostering regional integration via wide-area projects and small-scale interventions. This is evident in the inland regions, which have become the testing grounds for new policies, governmental practices, and forms of spatial development. Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, is a case in point: once the epitome of urban entrepreneurialism policies in action, this metropolitan region is now the target of national plans and local initiatives to drive the Central Plains agglomeration. In addition to changes in its governance, this shift has also transformed planning activities, and so too the spatial features of this emerging urbanity. By investigating the changes in policies and plans, this contribution sheds light on the salient features of this metropolitan development, revealing the features of the emerging extended urbanisation in China, as well as continuities and ruptures with previous urban trends.
Spatial and molecular profiling of the mononuclear phagocyte network in Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Stewart Benjamin J , Fergie Martin , Young Matthew , Jones Claire , Sachdeva Ashwin , Blain Alex E , Bacon Chris M , Rand Vikki , Ferdinand John R , James Kylie Renee , Mahbubani Krishnaa T , Hook Catherine Elizabeth , Jonas Nico , Coleman Nicholas , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Collin Matthew , Clatworthy Menna , Behjati Sam , Carey Christopher D
Published: February 2023

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has a rich immune infiltrate, which is an intrinsic component of the neoplastic process. Malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC) create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by the expression of regulatory molecules, preventing T-cell activation. It has also been demonstrated that mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in the vicinity of HRSC express similar regulatory mechanisms in parallel, and their presence in tissue is associated with inferior patient outcomes. MNPs in cHL have hitherto been identified with a small number of canonical markers and are usually described as 'tumor-associated macrophages'. The organization of MNP networks and interactions with HRSC remains unexplored at high resolution. Here, we defined the global immune cell composition of cHL and non-lymphoma lymph nodes, integrating data across single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and multiplexed immunofluorescence. We observed that MNPs comprise multiple subsets of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Classical monocytes, macrophages and conventional DC2 were enriched in the vicinity of HRSC, but plasmacytoid DCs and activated DCs were excluded. Unexpectedly, cDCs and monocytes expressed immunoregulatory checkpoints PD-L1, TIM-3, and the tryptophan-catabolizing protein IDO, at the same level as macrophages. Expression of these molecules increased with age. We also found that classical monocytes are important signaling hubs, potentially controlling the retention of cDC2 and ThExh via CCR1-, CCR4-, CCR5-, and CXCR3-dependent signaling. Enrichment of the cDC2-monocyte-macrophage network in diagnostic biopsies is associated with early treatment failure. These results reveal unanticipated complexity and spatial polarization within the MNP compartment, further demonstrating their potential roles in immune evasion by cHL.
Richter syndrome: Novel insights into the biology of transformation
Authors: Parry Erin M. , ten Hacken Elisa , Wu Catherine J.
Published: February 2023

While the genetic landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been broadly profiled by large-scale sequencing studies performed over the past decade, the molecular basis of the transformation of CLL to aggressive lymphoma, or Richter syndrome (RS), has remained incompletely characterized. Recent advances in computational methods of clonal deconvolution, as well as extensive sample collection efforts in this rapidly progressive malignancy, have now enabled comprehensive analysis of paired CLL and RS samples and have led to multiple new studies investigating the genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic origins of RS. In parallel, new genetically-engineered and xenograft mouse models have provided the opportunity for gleaning fresh biologic and mechanistic insights into RS development and stepwise evolution from antecedent CLL. Altogether, these studies have defined RS driver lesions, CLL risk lesions and identified pathways dysregulated in transformation. Moreover, unique molecular subtypes of RS have been revealed, including disease marked by profound genomic instability with chromothripsis/chromoplexy and whole genome duplication. Novel profiling approaches, including single-cell DNA and transcriptome sequencing of RS biopsy specimens and cell-free DNA profiling of patient plasma, demonstrate promise for the timely identification of RS clones and may translate to non-invasive identification and early diagnosis of RS. This review summarizes the recent scientific advances in RS and supports the integrated study of human genomics with mouse modeling to provide advanced understanding of the biologic underpinnings of transformation. These recent studies have major implications for much needed novel therapeutic strategies for this still largely incurable malignancy.
How I Treat AML in 2023 Incorporating the Updated Classifications and Guidelines
Authors: El Chaer Firas , Hourigan Christopher S , Zeidan Amer M.
Published: February 2023

The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recently revised both the clinical (2022) and measurable residual disease (MRD) testing (2021) guidelines for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Updated World Health Organization (WHO) and an International Consensus Classification (ICC) for myeloid neoplasms were also published in 2022. Together, these documents update the classification, risk stratification, prognostication, monitoring recommendations, and response assessment for patients with AML. Increased appreciation of the genetic drivers of AML over the past decade and our increasingly sophisticated understanding of AML biology have been translated into novel therapies and more complex clinical treatment guidelines. Somatic genetic abnormalities and germline predispositions now define and guide treatment and counseling for subtypes of this hematologic malignancy. In this paper, we discuss how we approach AML in daily clinical practice taking into consideration these recent updates in the context of new treatments and discoveries over the past decade.