bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing dynamic covalent chemistry in a 2D boroxine framework by in situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Leidinger Paul , Panighel Mirco , Pérez Dieste Virginia , Villar-Garcia Ignacio J. , Vezzoni Pablo , Haag Felix , Barth Johannes V. , Allegretti Francesco , Günther Sebastian , Patera Laerte L.
Published: December 2022

Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy enables the in situ observation of polymerization and hydrolysis occurring in an atomically thin boroxine framework on Au(111).
Correction: Nanomolar LL-37 induces permeability of a biomimetic mitochondrial membrane
Authors: Jiang Xin , Yang Chenguang , Qiu Jie , Ma Dongfei , Xu Cheng , Hu Shuxin , Han Weijing , Yuan Bing , Lu Ying
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Nanomolar LL-37 induces permeability of a biomimetic mitochondrial membrane’ by Xin Jiang et al., Nanoscale, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nr05409d.
Disulfide-containing monomers in chain-growth polymerization
Authors: Pięta Marlena , Purohit Vishal B. , Pietrasik Joanna , Plummer Christopher M.
Published: December 2022

Due to the significance of disulfide bonds within modern material and medicinal sciences, this review provides an overview of disulfide-containing polymers that can be obtained by the chain-growth polymerization of disulfide-containing monomers.
Probing the mechanism of adaptive aromaticity in metallapyridiniums
Authors: Deng Qianqian , Su Jiaying , Zhu Jun
Published: December 2022

The mechanism of adaptive aromaticity in metallapyridiniums was revealed via theoretical calculations, significantly facilitating the design of such a novel family.
B-site substitution in NaCo1−2xFexNixF3 perovskites for efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Yao Hu , Zheng Yinan , Yue Siliang , Hu Songjie , Yuan Wenyu , Guo Xiaohui
Published: December 2022

A series of perovskite fluoride NaCo1−2xFexNixF3 can be fabricated via a simple hydrothermal process. The prepared NaCo0.4Fe0.3Ni0.3F3 exhibits a low overpotential of 265 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and outstanding cycling stability for OER.
Cation modified Fe–N–C catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate in solutions of low ionic strength
Authors: Yang Lin-Feng , Qin Hai-Gang , Li Fu-Zhi , Peng Jian-Zhao , Gu Jun
Published: December 2022

Cationic sites fixed on an Fe–N–C catalyst modulate the electric field in the double layer and facilitate electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia in solutions of ionic strength comparable to that of actual river water.
Giant thermal expansion associated with a macroscopic polarization change in a single crystal of a Zn(ii) complex
Authors: Tang Zheng , Liu Chengdong , Zhang Yan , Sun Xiao-Peng , Tao Jun , Yao Zi-Shuo
Published: December 2022

A crystal of Zn(ii) complex shows temperature-dependent 10% contraction/expansion and a continuous pyroelectric current corresponding to a scissor motion of molecules.
Correction: Achieving highly thermostable red emission in singly Mn2+-doped BaXP2O7 (X = Mg/Zn) via self-reduction
Authors: Li Song , Hu Wei , Brik Mikhail G. , Lian Shixun , Qiu Zhongxian
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Achieving highly thermostable red emission in singly Mn2+-doped BaXP2O7 (X = Mg/Zn) via self-reduction’ by Song Li et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 3224–3232, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2QI00539E.
In situ generated aminodiborane as a reagent for deoxygenative reduction of carboxamides to amines
Authors: Nair Abhishek , Tiwari Vikas , Verma Ashutosh , Saini Parul , Elias Anil J.
Published: December 2022

The in situ generated aminodiborane  (μ-NH2B2H5) using NH3BH3 and elemental iodine (I2) is used for the reduction of carboxamides to amines.
Highly efficient and scalable total syntheses and stereochemical assignment of potent anti-inflammatory pesimquinolones I and J
Authors: Guo Feng-Wei , Zhou Tian-Yi , Qu Yong , Wei Mei-Yan , Chen Guang-Ying , Gu Yu-Cheng , Wang Chang-Yun , Shao Chang-Lun
Published: December 2022

A highly efficient and scalable total synthesis of pesimquinolone I (1) was accomplished in 5 steps with 3 chromatographic purifications.
Aqueous-phase tunable multi-color luminescent supramolecular assemblies based on cucurbit[10]uril-enhanced intermolecular charge-transfer interactions
Authors: Yang Junli , Hu Xianchen , Fan Mengyi , Liu Simin
Published: December 2022

A series of supramolecular assemblies through CB[10]-enhanced intermolecular (homodimer or heterodimer) charge-transfer interactions show their tunable multi-color luminescence.
Correction: Elucidation of hydrogen bonding formation by a computational, FT-IR spectroscopic and theoretical study between benzyl alcohol and isomeric cresols
Authors: Raveendra M. , Chandrasekhar M. , Narasimharao C. , Venkatramana L. , Kumar K. Siva , Reddy K. Dayananda
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Elucidation of hydrogen bonding formation by a computational, FT-IR spectroscopic and theoretical study between benzyl alcohol and isomeric cresols’ by M. Raveendra et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 27335–27348, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA26298D.
Correction: Glycal mediated synthesis of piperidine alkaloids: fagomine, 4-epi-fagomine, 2-deoxynojirimycin, and an advanced intermediate, iminoglycal
Authors: Chand Hemender R. , Tiwari Mrityunjay K. , Bhattacharya Asish K.
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Glycal mediated synthesis of piperidine alkaloids: fagomine, 4-epi-fagomine, 2-deoxynojirimycin, and an advanced intermediate, iminoglycal’ by Hemender R. Chand et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 33021–33031, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA05224E.
Correction: Ecotoxicological prediction of organic chemicals toward Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata by Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Lotfi Shahram , Ahmadi Shahin , Kumar Parvin
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Ecotoxicological prediction of organic chemicals toward Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata by Monte Carlo approach’ by Shahram Lotfi et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 24988–24997, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA03936B.
Supramolecular multi-electron redox photosensitisers comprising a ring-shaped Re(i) tetranuclear complex and a polyoxometalate
Authors: Takahashi Maria , Asatani Tsuyoshi , Morimoto Tatsuki , Kamakura Yoshinobu , Fujii Kotaro , Yashima Masatomo , Hosokawa Naoki , Tamaki Yusuke , Ishitani Osamu
Published: December 2022

Supramolecular photosensitisers comprising a ring-shaped Re(i) tetranuclear complex and a Keggin-type heteropolyoxometalate were synthesised. They can photochemically accumulate four electrons and supply them for the photocatalytic CO2reduction.
Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivityviaupconversion of red light
Authors: Glaser Felix , Wenger Oliver S.
Published: December 2022

Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion enables oxidative activation of substrates that would normally require blue or green light irradiation. Photocatalysis experiments are complemented by in-depth laser spectroscopic investigations.
Construction and application of an efficient dual-base editing platform for Bacillus subtilis evolution employing programmable base conversion
Authors: Hao Wenliang , Cui Wenjing , Suo Feiya , Han Laichuang , Cheng Zhongyi , Zhou Zhemin
Published: December 2022

Programmable dual-base editor: a propellent for evolving bacterial chassis.
Room-temperature electrochemically deposited polycrystalline SnO2 with adjustable work function for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sun Yapeng , Zhang Jiankai , Yu Huangzhong
Published: December 2022

SnO2 films with adjustable work functions and better light transmission were prepared by a simple electrochemical method, which can achieve a high efficiency of 22.85%.
Dispersed VO2 phases in a flexible sensor for recognizing tensile and compressive stress
Authors: Huang Tiantian , Qiu Mengxia , Xu Peiran , Yang Wanli , Zhang Lepeng , Shao Yunkai , Chen Zhimin , Chen Xin , Dai Ning
Published: December 2022

Stress-triggered M1–M2 discrete phases with opposite transition behaviors in VO2 are adopted to identify compressive and tensile stresses.
Preparation of a high-performance chitosan-based triboelectric nanogenerator by regulating the surface microstructure and dielectric constant
Authors: Zhang Yu-hao , Shao Yan , Luo Chen , Ma Hong-zhi , Yu Hua , Liu Xu , Yin Bo , Wu Jun-liang , Yang Ming-bo
Published: December 2022

High-performance chitosan-based triboelectric nanogenerator was prepared by film casting method for collecting human motion energy.
Investigating how intrinsically disordered regions contribute to protein function using HDX-MS
Authors: Parson Matthew A.H. , Jenkins Meredith L. , Burke John E.
Published: December 2022

A large amount of the human proteome is composed of highly dynamic regions that do not adopt a single static conformation. These regions are defined as intrinsically disordered, and they are found in a third of all eukaryotic proteins. They play instrumental roles in many aspects of protein signaling, but can be challenging to characterize by biophysical methods. Intriguingly, many of these regions can adopt stable secondary structure upon interaction with a variety of binding partners, including proteins, lipids, and ligands. This review will discuss the application of Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) as a powerful biophysical tool that is particularly well suited for structural and functional characterization of intrinsically disordered regions in proteins. A focus will be on the theory of hydrogen exchange, and its practical application to identify disordered regions, as well as characterize how they participate in protein–protein and protein–membrane interfaces. A particular emphasis will be on how HDX-MS data can be presented specifically tailored for analysis of intrinsically disordered regions, as well as the technical aspects that are critical to consider when designing HDX-MS experiments for proteins containing intrinsically disordered regions.
Deciphering the mechanism and function of Hsp100 unfoldases from protein structure
Authors: Lee Grace , Kim Rebecca S. , Lee Sang Bum , Lee Sukyeong , Tsai Francis T.F.
Published: December 2022

Hsp100 chaperones, also known as Clp proteins, constitute a family of ring-forming ATPases that differ in 3D structure and cellular function from other stress-inducible molecular chaperones. While the vast majority of ATP-dependent molecular chaperones promote the folding of either the nascent chain or a newly imported polypeptide to reach its native conformation, Hsp100 chaperones harness metabolic energy to perform the reverse and facilitate the unfolding of a misfolded polypeptide or protein aggregate. It is now known that inside cells and organelles, different Hsp100 members are involved in rescuing stress-damaged proteins from a previously aggregated state or in recycling polypeptides marked for degradation. Protein degradation is mediated by a barrel-shaped peptidase that physically associates with the Hsp100 hexamer to form a two-component system. Notable examples include the ClpA:ClpP (ClpAP) and ClpX:ClpP (ClpXP) proteases that resemble the ring-forming FtsH and Lon proteases, which unlike ClpAP and ClpXP, feature the ATP-binding and proteolytic domains in a single polypeptide chain. Recent advances in electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) together with single-molecule biophysical studies have now provided new mechanistic insight into the structure and function of this remarkable group of macromolecular machines.
Temporal Overlap Between Gestures and Speech in Poststroke Aphasia: Is There a Compensatory Effect?
Authors: Zhang Han , Hinzen Wolfram
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

If language production is impaired, will gestures compensate? Evidence in favor of this prediction has often been argued to come from aphasia, but it remains contested. Here, we tested whether thought content not present in speech due to language impairment is manifested in gestures, in 20 people with dysfluent (Broca’s) aphasia, 20 people with fluent (Wernicke’s) aphasia, and 20 matched neurotypical controls.

Method:

A new annotation scheme was created distinguishing types of gestures and whether they co-occurred with fluent or dysfluent/absent speech and were temporally aligned in content with coproduced speech.

Results:

Across both aphasia types, noncontent (beat) gestures, which by their nature cannot compensate for lost speech content, constituted the greatest proportion of all types of gestures produced. Content (i.e., descriptive, referential, and metaphorical) gestures were largely coproduced with fluent rather than dysfluent speech and tended to be aligned with the content conveyed in speech. They also did not differ in quantity depending on whether the dysfluencies were eventually resolved or not. Neither aphasia severity nor comprehension ability had an impact on the total amount of content gesture produced in people with aphasia, which was instead positively correlated with speech fluency.

Conclusions:

Together, these results suggest that gestures are unlikely to have a role in compensating for linguistic deficits and to serve as a representational system conveying thought content independent of language. Surprisingly, aphasia rather is a model of how gesture and language are inherently integrated and aligned: Even when language is impaired, it remains the essential provider of content.
A Sweet Tutorial to the SUGAR Method of Language Sampling
Authors: Pavelko Stacey L. , Owens Robert E.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The purposes of this tutorial are (a) to describe a method of language sample analysis (LSA) referred to as SUGAR (Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised) and (b) to offer step-by-step instructions detailing how to collect, transcribe, analyze, and interpret the results of a SUGAR language sample.

Method:

The tutorial begins with an overview of current LSA use, including barriers to clinical implementation, followed by an overview of the SUGAR method. Next, the SUGAR method is described in detail, including collecting the sample, transcribing the sample, analyzing the sample, and interpreting the results. To illustrate the method, each section includes an accompanying appendix that provides an example of a sample transcript and the various analyses.

Conclusions:

SUGAR offers speech-language pathologists one way to conduct LSA that is cost free, valid, and efficient. Clinicians can collect, transcribe, and analyze samples in approximately 21 min. The results of a SUGAR analysis can be used to document the presence of a language impairment, obtain a detailed description of a child's conversational language use, identify intervention targets, and develop intervention goals.
ASTROMER
Authors: Donoso-Oliva C. , Becker I. , Protopapas P. , Cabrera-Vives G. , Vishnu M. , Vardhan H.
Published: December 2022

Taking inspiration from natural language embeddings, we present ASTROMER, a transformer-based model to create representations of light curves. ASTROMER was pre-trained in a self-supervised manner, requiring no human-labeled data. We used millions of R-band light sequences to adjust the ASTROMER weights. The learned representation can be easily adapted to other surveys by re-training ASTROMER on new sources. The power of ASTROMER consists in using the representation to extract light curve embeddings that can enhance the training of other models, such as classifiers or regressors. As an example, we used ASTROMER embeddings to train two neural-based classifiers that use labeled variable stars from MACHO, OGLE-III, and ATLAS. In all experiments, ASTROMER-based classifiers outperformed a baseline recurrent neural network trained on light curves directly when limited labeled data were available. Furthermore, using ASTROMER embeddings decreases the computational resources needed while achieving state-of-the-art results. Finally, we provide a Python library that includes all the functionalities employed in this work.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Winkel N. , Husemann B. , Singha M. , Bennert V. N. , Combes F. , Davis T. A. , Gaspari M. , Jahnke K. , McElroy R. , O’Dea C. P. , Pérez-Torres M. A.
Published: December 2022

Context. The interaction between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their host galaxies is scarcely resolved. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are believed to represent AGN at early stages of their evolution and to allow one to observe feeding and feedback processes at high black hole accretion rates.

Aims. We aim to constrain the properties of the ionised gas outflow in Mrk 1044, a nearby super-Eddington accreting NLS1. Based on the outflow energetics and the associated timescales, we estimate the outflow’s future impact on the ongoing host galaxy star formation on different spatial scales.

Methods. We applied a spectroastrometric analysis to observations of Mrk 1044’s nucleus obtained with the adaptive-optics-assisted narrow field mode of the VLT/MUSE instrument. This allowed us to map two ionised gas outflows traced by [O III], which have velocities of −560 ± 20 km s−1 and −144 ± 5 km s−1. Furthermore, we used an archival spectrum from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on HST to identify two Ly-α absorbing components that escape from the centre with approximately twice the velocity of the ionised gas components.

Results. Both [O III] outflows are spatially unresolved and located close to the AGN (< 1 pc). They have gas densities higher than 105 cm−3, which implies that the BPT diagnostic cannot be used to constrain the underlying ionisation mechanism. We explore whether an expanding shell model can describe the velocity structure of Mrk 1044’s multi-phase outflow. In the ionised gas emission, an additional outflowing component, which is spatially resolved, is present. It has a velocity of −211 ± 22 km s−1 and a projected size of 4.6 ± 0.6 pc. Our kinematic analysis suggests that significant turbulence is present in the interstellar medium around the nucleus, which may lead to a condensation rain, potentially explaining the efficient feeding of Mrk 1044’s AGN. Within the innermost 0.5″ (160 pc), we detect modest star formation hidden by the beam-smeared emission from the outflow.

Conclusions. We estimate that the multi-phase outflow was launched < 104 yr ago. Together with the star formation in the vicinity of the nucleus, this suggests that Mrk 1044’s AGN phase started only recently. The outflow carries enough mass and energy to impact the host galaxy star formation on different spatial scales, highlighting the complexity of the AGN feeding and feedback cycle in its early stages.
Numerical investigation of a cooling system with phase change material thermal storage for the energy savings in residential buildings
Authors: Zhang Qian , Nikpey Homam , Mansouri Mohammad , Assadi Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Energy consumption for cooling is the fastest-growing use of energy in buildings, and the space cooling systems have become one of the major end-users in building service systems. In recent years, phase change materials (PCM) have been increasingly adopted to reduce cooling energy consumption. This paper presents the simulations of an integrated latent heat thermal energy storage (ILHTES) system for residential buildings, which includes the PCM-to-air heat exchanger (PAHX) and air conditioner (AC). In this study, the Modelica language is adopted to develop the numerical model of the ILHTES system. A numerical heat transfer model has been used to simulate the performance of PCM-to-air heat exchanger, and it has been validated against data from the literature. Using the Modelica library AixLib, a simulation of the dynamic behavior and energy consumption of the building is performed. With the help of the ILHTES model, the optimal design of the system can be obtained using the results of the simulations throughout the cooling season. This study evaluates the energy savings potential of the ILHTES system over the conventional air conditioning system under realistic climate conditions in Budapest. The results show that an energy saving ratio of 32.4% can be achieved. The effect of PCM type on energy consumption of the ILHTES system is investigated, the results show that for three commercially available PCMs, RT25, RT20, and RT18, the ILHTES system using RT25 can utilize less energy and obtain a higher energy saving ratio.
Design of residential ventilation systems using performance-based evaluation of Indoor Air Quality: application to a Danish study case
Authors: Baptiste Poirier , Jakub Kolarik , Gaëlle Guyot , Woloszyn Monika
Published: December 2022

A Demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) has been recognized as a promising solution for decreasing energy consumption while ensuring good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in buildings. However, its application in the residential sector has increased first recently. Implementation of DCV systems brings the problem related to assessing their performance, not only in the view of energy savings but also in the ability to ensure IAQ. The objectives of this paper were to introduce a multicriteria performance-based approach for the evaluation of residential ventilation systems with CONTAM airflows simulations; illustrate its applicability to three DCV strategies in the context of renovated apartment buildings in Denmark and challenge the minimal background airflow requirements anchored in the Danish building code.

Our performance-based approach allows assessing ventilation performance regarding IAQ (CO2, humidity, PM2.5, and formaldehyde-based indicators), energy consumption, and ventilation heat loss.

Our results show that DCV strategies can improve IAQ while decreasing airflows. For example, application of DCV reduced the cumulative indicator of occupant exposure to formaldehyde, IHCHO by 6 to 28 %, compared to the constant-airflow system. For humidity controlled mechanical exhaust ventilation, the heat loss can be reduced up 51%.
Microstructure and tensile properties of heat-treated Ti-Mo alloys
Authors: Raganya Lerato , Moshokoa Nthabiseng , Machaka Ronald , Obadele Babatunde , Makhatha Mamookho
Published: December 2022

Current research is focused on development of β-type titanium alloys for biomedical applications as substitutes of the undesirable Ti6Al4V alloy. Ti6Al4V alloy has a higher elastic modulus (110 GPa) than that of the human bone (10-30 GPa) and this mismatch in elastic moduli can cause stress shielding effect, which can cause bone resorption and implant failure. Moreover, the dissociation of vanadium and aluminium can cause long term diseases including Alzheimer, neuropathy. β-type titanium alloys are potential substitute materials due to their good biocompatibility and the β phase has a lower elastic modulus. The aim was to study the microstructure and tensile properties of heat-treated Ti-xMo alloys (x= 8 & 10wt%). Phase analysis was conducted using X-ray diffractometer, while the microstructure was observed using an optical microscope. The tensile properties were examined using a tensile test machine. Acicular structures of α" phase precipitated in the β matrix in Ti-8Mo alloy, while Ti-10Mo alloy showed predominant β phase. The theoretically predicted phase constituents were not consistent with the experimental findings. Ti-10Mo alloy possessed superior yield and tensile strengths, larger elongation, and lower elastic moduli than that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Based on the obtained findings, the Ti-10Mo alloy can be a potential candidate for orthopaedic application. acicular structures of α" phase.
A Smart robotic arm for harvesting olive fruits
Authors: Al-Habahbeh Osama M. , Ayoub Salam , Al Yaman Musa , Matahen Mohammad , Sarayra Mais
Published: December 2022

This work introduces a smart robotic arm for harvesting olive fruits. The work started by planning the main steps. After deciding on the robot concept design, a kinematic and dynamic analysis is conducted. Based on the results of the analysis, a simulation is performed to determine the required specifications of the main components. Based on these results, an experimental model of the robot arm is designed, built, configured, and tested, where the model yielded good results. The next step is to configure and test different types of end effectors. In order to make the harvesting process effective for olive trees, picking a single fruit each time is not practical. Therefore, the procedure adopted in this work focuses on picking a group of fruit in each stroke. The harvesting system consists of a robotic arm guided by a stereovision camera to enable 3-D vision. Once the fruits location is detected, a reverse kinematics algorithm is initiated, yielding 3-points coordinates. These coordinates are commanded to the manipulator to move to the location and performs the picking process. Further developments will include building a larger manipulator that can reach out to all parts of a regular tree.
Post-processing of direct metal deposited AlCrCoCuFeNi HEA using centrifugal barrel finishing
Authors: Modikwe Thembisile , Maledi Nthabiseng , Mathe Ntombi , Pityana Sisa , Dada Modupeola , Makoana Washington
Published: December 2022

Stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, and more recently high entropy alloys have been used in the aerospace industry to improve the exterior properties of components and coatings that require a fine surface finishing with over high temperature range. High- entropy alloys (HEA) have become a ground-breaking research field that provides solutions for structural/ functional materials in the aerospace industry. These alloys, fabricated via direct metal deposition, have better properties than those produced by arc melting. However, the poor surface finish acquired by the layer-by-layer laser deposition process fails to meet the industrial requirements. The implementation of surface treatment by centrifugal barrel finishing is employed to improve the surface roughness of AlCoCrCuFeNi laser deposited HEA. The results have shown a minimum surface roughness decrease of 40%. Thus, an improved surface finish was achieved.
Präoperatives Ernährungsmanagement in der
großen Tumorchirurgie des Bauchraumes an deutschen Kliniken. Eine
explorative Strukturanalyse
Authors: Wendt Saskia , Meißner Carl
Published: December 2022

Bis zu 80% der PatientInnen vor Tumorresektionen des oberen
Gastrointestinaltrakts sind mangelernährt. Dabei hat schon der
präoperative Ernährungszustand einen signifikanten Einfluss auf
den perioperativen Verlauf. Ein adäquater präoperativer
Ernährungszustand, der unter anderem die Komplikationsrate und die
Krankenhausliegedauer reduzieren kann, ist daher erstrebenswert. Zwar empfehlen
einschlägige Leitlinien Maßnahmen zur Erkennung und Behandlung
einer Mangelernährung, jedoch fehlt es bislang an Vorschlägen
zur Planung eines strukturieren präoperativen
Ernährungsmanagements auf die BehandlerInnen zurückgreifen
können. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wurden 40 Krankenhäuser in
Deutschland deshalb zu individuell vorhandenen Strukturen und Maßnahmen
zum präoperativen Ernährungsmanagement von PatientInnen vor
Tumorresektionen des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts befragt. Die Befragungen
zeigen, dass Maßnahmen zur Erkennung und Therapie einer
präoperativen Mangelernährung mehrheitlich bekannt und
akzeptiert sind. So befürworten 35 der 40 TeilnehmerInnen eine
präoperative Ernährungstherapie bei mangelernährten
PatientInnen, 26 TeilnehmerInnen erwägen hierfür sogar einen
Aufschub der Operation. Eine flächendeckende Umsetzung an den Kliniken
scheitere jedoch häufig an Hinderungsgründen, wie fehlender
Sichtbarkeit der Ernährung als Therapiebaustein unter BehandlerInnen,
labilen Verantwortlichkeiten sowie unzureichenden finanziellen und personellen
Ressourcen. Mögliche Lösungsvorschläge zum Abbau der
Hindernisse reichen von Refinanzierungsmöglichkeiten der klinischen
Ernährungstherapie bis hin zu Forderungen auf gesundheitspolitischer
Ebene. Aus den Erkenntnissen aktueller Studien und Leitlinien, sowie den
Ergebnissen der Befragung, unterbreitet diese Arbeit einen Vorschlag zur
Implementierung eines präoperativen Ernährungsmanagements.
Dessen Umsetzbarkeit im klinischen Alltag sollte dabei durch wissenschaftliche
Verfahren begleitet werden.
MRT der Hand
Authors: Falck Christian von
Published: December 2022

Die Hand ist eine komplexe anatomische Region, in der verschiedene Strukturen und
Gewebe auf engem Raum zusammenliegen und ein funktionell wichtiges Tast- und
Greiforgan bilden. Dementsprechend vielgestaltig sind auch die Krankheitsbilder,
die in dieser Region auftreten können. Die MRT bietet die
Möglichkeit, eine Vielzahl pathologischer Veränderungen an der
Hand zu erkennen.
Institution-Specific Perinatal Emergency Checklists: Multicenter Report on Development, Implementation, and Sustainability
Authors: Quist-Nelson Johanna , Hannenberg Alexander , Ruymann Kathryn , Stover Angela , Baxter Jason K. , Smith Stephen , Angle Heidi , Gupta Neeru , Lopez Connie M. , Hunt Eric , Tully Kristin P.
Published: December 2022

Objective The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine endorse checklist use to improve obstetric care. However, there is limited research into development, implementation, and sustained use of perinatal emergency checklists to inform individual institutions. This study aimed to investigate the development and implementation of perinatal emergency checklists in diverse hospital settings in the United States.

Study Design A qualitative study was conducted individually with clinicians from three health care systems. The participants developed and implemented institution-tailored perinatal emergency checklists. Interview transcriptions were coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results The study sites included two health care systems and one individual hospital. Delivery volumes ranged from 3,500 to 48,000 deliveries a year. Interviews were conducted with all 10 participants approached. Checklists for 19 perinatal emergencies were developed at the three health care systems. Ten of the checklist topics were the same at all three institutions. Participants described the checklists as improving patient care during crises. The tools were viewed as opportunities to promote a shared mental model across clinical roles, to reduce redundancy and coordinate obstetric crisis management. Checklist were developed in small groups. Implementation was facilitated by those who developed the checklists. Participants agreed that simulation was essential for checklist refinement and effective use by response teams. Barriers to implementation included limited clinician availability. There was also an opportunity to strengthen integration of checklists workflow early in perinatal emergencies. Participants articulated that culture change took time, active practice, persistence, reinforcement, and process measurement.

Conclusion This study outlines processes to develop, implement, and sustain perinatal emergency checklists at three institutions. Participants agreed that multiple, parallel implementation tactics created the culture shift for integration. The overview and specific Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research components may be used to inform adaptation and sustainability for others considering implementing perinatal emergency checklists.

Key Points
Effectiveness and Safety of Palivizumab for the Prevention of Serious Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gonzales Tara , Bergamasco Aurore , Cristarella Tiffany , Goyer Camille , Wojdyla Matthew , Oladapo Abiola , Sawicky John , Yee John , Moride Yola
Published: December 2022

Objective Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and young children at high risk of RSV disease. This systematic review summarized evidence on the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab when used in approved populations.

Study Design A systematic review of Phase III trials and observational studies was conducted according to the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting (PICOTS) approach (PROSPERO, CRD42021281380). Target populations consisted of infants with a history of premature birth (≤35-week gestational age) and children aged <2 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hs-CHD). Outcomes of interest included RSV-related hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement for mechanical ventilation, treatment-related adverse events (AEs), and RSV-related deaths. Information sources were literature search (Ovid MEDLINE and Embase), pragmatic searches, and snowballing (covering the period up to 07 September 2021).

Results A total of 60 sources were included (5 Phase III trials and 55 observational studies). RSV-related hospitalization rates following palivizumab prophylaxis in Phase III trials were 1.8% in premature infants and 7.9% in children with BPD, which were significantly lower than rates in placebo arms. In the real-world setting, similar hospitalization rates were found (0.7–4.0% in premature infants [16 studies] and 0–5.5% in patients with BPD [10 studies]) with ICU admission reported in 0 to 33.3% of patients hospitalized for RSV. In Phase III trials, RSV-related mortality rates were 0.2 and 0.3%, while AEs occurred in 11% of premature and/or BPD patients and 7.2% of hs-CHD patients, consisting mainly of injection site reaction, fever, and diarrhea. Similar results were found in observational studies.

Conclusion This systematic review supports the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab in the indicated populations.

Key Points
Factors Affecting the Complication Rate of Septoplasty: Analysis of 1,506 Consecutive Cases of Single Surgeon
Authors: Shin Chol Ho , Jang Yong Ju
Published: December 2022

Based on the analysis of a single surgeon's consecutive cases, we present the incidence of septoplasty complications and factors that contribute to the increased risk of complications. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records from 1,506 patients diagnosed with deviated nasal septum who underwent septoplasty by a single surgeon from January 2003 until May 2020. The incidence of different complications was investigated. Predisposing factors for specific complications were examined with univariate analysis. The average age of patients was 35 (11–76) years. Out of 1,506 patients, 1,252 were male, and 254 were female. The most frequent complication was insufficient correction (78 cases, 5.2%), and revision septoplasty was performed in 21 cases. We also reported 59 (3.9%), 55 (3.7%), 33 (2.2%), 20 (1.3%), and 18 (1.2%) cases of olfactory dysfunction, hematoma, synechia, abscess, and septal mucosal defect, respectively. Additionally, there were nine (0.6%), six (0.4%), five (0.3%), four (0.3%), and four (0.3%) cases of septal perforation, postoperative bleeding, saddle nose, chondritis, empty nose syndrome, respectively. The proportion of insufficient correction was higher in revision cases than in primary cases. Hematoma formation, abscess formation, and septal mucosal defect occurred more frequently in the bilateral flap elevation group. Olfactory dysfunction was significantly more frequent when the bony batten was inserted, while hematoma, abscess formation, and septal mucosal defect were more frequent when the cartilage batten was used. Septoplasty was associated with the risk of several complications, while complication rates were influenced by choice of surgical techniques and approaches.
Sustainable and Mild Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenations
Authors: Kanai Motomu , Jagtap Rahul A.
Published: December 2022

Catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of organic molecules plays a crucial role in fine-chemical synthesis as well as in energy storage and transport. In particular, the acceptorless dehydrogenation of saturated N-heteroarenes and hydrocarbons is realized by both transition-metal-free and transition-metal-catalyzed approaches. In this direction, our research group aims to develop mild catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation protocols, in the main by using photoredox approaches. In this account, we briefly discuss the advances made by our group on the dehydrogenation of saturated N-heterocycles, aliphatic alcohols, and relatively challenging hydrocarbons.

1 Introduction

1.1 Challenges Associated with Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation

2 Transition-Metal-Free Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles

3 Photoinduced Hybrid-Catalysis-Enabled Dehydrogenations

3.1 The Binary Catalyst System

3.2 The Ternary Catalyst System

3.3 The Noble-Metal-Free Catalyst System

3.4 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic Alcohols

4 Self-Photo-Sensitizing Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis

5 Summary
1,5-Double-Carboxylation of 2-Alkylheteroarenes Mediated by a Combined Brønsted Base System
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kondo Yoshinori , Tohara Itsuki , Nozawa-Kumada Kanako
Published: December 2022

This paper reports that a combined Brønsted base (t-BuOLi/CsF or LiOCEt3/CsF) system mediates the 1,5-double-carboxylation of nonfused 2-alkylhetarenes at both the benzylic and δ-positions. A wide range of functional groups (OMe, F, Cl, CF3, OCF3, sulfide, CN, amide, ketone, or sulfone) are tolerated under the established reaction conditions.
Assessment of Tear Meniscus Dimensions Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Vitamin D Deficiency in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Oren Burak , Erboga Çaglar , Kocaay Funda , Öztürk Yücel , Bilak Semsettin , Kocabas Dilara Ozkoyuncu , Balli Haci , Bilen Abdurrahman
Published: December 2022

Background To investigate of the effect of vitamin D (Vit-D) deficiency on the tear film in children and compare it with that of healthy subjects.

Methods This prospective and cross-sectional study comprised 75 eyes of children who had Vit-D deficiency (Group 1) and 85 eyes of age- and gender-matched healthy children (Group 2).
The tear-film break-up time (TF-BUT) and Schirmer test values, as well as the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, were recorded for the participants in all groups. Measurement of the
tear meniscus area (TMA) and tear meniscus height (TMH) was performed 2 times in the same day via the use of anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Results The mean age of the participants in Group 1 was 12.42 ± 3.40 years, while in Group 2, it was 12.59 ± 2.32 years (p = 0.758). Group 1 comprised 43 females and 32 males, while
Group 2 comprised 44 females and 41 males (p = 0.250). The mean TMH, TMA, and Schirmer test values were found to be significantly lower in children with Vit-D deficiency (Group 1) than in
healthy children (Group 2), with p < 0.05 for all the values. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the values for the mean TF-BUT and OSDI scores (p = 0.029 and
p = 0.596, respectively).

Conclusion The children with Vit-D deficiency exhibited lower TMH, TMA, and Schirmer test values. The alterations that were observed in these parameters were more prominent in the
participants who had lower Vit-D levels.
Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction Results from the MarkeTrak 2022 Survey: Importance of Features and Hearing Care Professionals
Authors: Picou Erin M.
Published: December 2022

The hearing aid market is rapidly evolving with advancements in features and potential changes in service delivery models, including the new over-the-counter device category. Data from the MarkeTrak 2022 survey indicate most hearing aid owners report regular quality-of-life benefits from hearing aids, even more than in previous surveys. The increased likelihood of hearing aid benefits might be attributable to modern hearing aid features advancements, such as wireless connectivity and rechargeable batteries. Hearing aid satisfaction rates have been relatively stable over the years, indicating that more than 80% of hearing aid owners are satisfied with their devices. Hearing aid satisfaction rates do not appreciably vary by fitting channel; hearing aid owners fitted in person, fitted remotely, or self-fit are similarly likely to report high satisfaction with their device. However, only respondents in the in-person channel gave establishment ratings (reflecting their willingness to recommend) that resulted and reflected a positive net promoter score. Given the potential for net promoter scores to be related to brand growth and customer loyalty, this finding has implications for the development of over-the-counter hearing aid service-delivery models. Additional work is warranted to explore the factors that negatively affect hearing aid owners' satisfaction with the companies delivering limited services.
Hearing Health Outcomes as a Function of Age, Gender, and Diversity
Authors: Joseph Antony R.
Published: December 2022

The United States does not ensure equitable access to hearing health care for all age groups, largely because these services are costly and even unobtainable in some places. Barriers to care are discussed within a context of the social determinants of health, under-representativeness of hearing-care professionals from historically marginalized communities, older adults and age-related hearing loss, and associated health conditions. The MarkeTrak 2022 study generated a sample of 15,138 respondents with information on 43,597 individuals. Data analysis revealed that self-reported hearing difficulty appears to increase with age with a rate of 12.4% for adults 18 years of age and older. A substantial proportion of individuals with hearing difficulty assumed that their problem was age-related, followed by exposure to loud sound and noise. Individuals with hearing difficulty were nearly three to four times more likely to have tinnitus, cognitive problems, and issues with balance and falling than those with no hearing problems. Self-reported hearing difficulty was lower for historically marginalized groups (7%) than for the White population (12%). Recommendations are presented to reduce the burden of hearing difficulty and hearing aid deserts for rural and urban populations.
Welfare systems and mental health in OECD and EEA countries: a scoping review
Authors: Ribanszki Robert , S Taylor Katie , Scheutzow Johanna , Saez Fonseca Jose Andres , Ponzo Sonia
Published: December 2022

The link between socioeconomic position and mental health is well established. On the macro level, one important determinant of this relationship is the welfare state. As such, welfare systems play an important role in mitigating the adverse effects of poor socioeconomic conditions and improving the mental health of the population. Despite their significance, welfare systems and their impact on mental health have rarely been examined. In this scoping review, we set out to synthesise the available evidence on this subject and offer preliminary evidence on how different welfare systems shape the mental health of societies. Eight databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 and March 2022 that focused on mental health and welfare regimes or welfare expenditure and compared OECD and EEA countries. The final review included 30 studies. Findings were summarised using narrative synthesis. Welfare systems were shown to have a significant relationship with the mental health of the population, with Social Democratic regimes and countries with more generous social expenditures demonstrating superior outcomes on most measures. It is suggested that a key factor behind these positive outcomes is the way in which these countries deal with social inequality. However, the overall composition of the included articles was highly heterogeneous and scattered across several domains. Moreover, important confounding factors such as differences in GPD across countries were often not taken into account. Therefore, the quality of the current evidence is considered weak. Further, questions are raised regarding the specific mental health benefits and drawbacks of welfare generosity for different populations and the specific pathways through which these systems may improve mental health in society. The review highlights the need for a more robust evidence base in this area and emphasises the importance of addressing the macro-level determinants of mental health.
Configurational analysis of environmental NGOs and their influence on environmental policy in Turkey
Authors: Bey Naciye
Published: December 2022

Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have emerged as important actors with regard to their interest in encouraging and supporting the dissemination of environmental policies. A key starting point in the examination of ENGOs and their influence on environmental policy is to highlight their decisions to affect policy processes as a means of achieving environmental protection. Hence, ENGOs need resources and it is equally important that they effectively employ those resources to achieve environmental policy influence. ENGO lobbying is a process in which different causal conditions interact with one another to affect environmental policy. However, minimal attention has been paid to how different conditions occurring together exert influence. This paper argues that it is the combined effect of resources and effective strategies that enables ENGOs to exert policy influence. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis is used to test the combined nature of different conditions. A dataset created in 2019 that includes 38 ENGOs from Turkey reveals that the combination of multiple interchangeable conditions leads to high ENGO policy influence. The findings suggest that advocacy effectiveness is achieved via two different causal paths. The first path entails having a large staff size, lobbying multiple venues, and using both inside and outside lobbying tactics, while the second involves large membership size, the use of both inside and outside lobbying, and lobbying multiple venues. This study suggests an alternative way of using the determinants of environmental policy influence and offers a new perspective for ENGO leaders to influence environmental policy.
A carbon monoxide laser-based specialty optical fiber preform fabrication system
Authors: Oriekhov T. , Harvey C. M. , Fokine M.
Published: December 2022

We report the development of a specialty optical fiber preform fabrication system based on carbon monoxide (CO) laser heating. The laser heating is accomplished via a single-beam optical arrangement integrated into a rotating glass lathe. The CO laser output power and its beam quality are affected by absorption of the laser radiation by water vapor present in the surrounding air. This is addressed by construction of an enclosed and fully motorized system to enable preform processing in a dry air environment. The performance of the system is evaluated, and the ability to maintain a desired preform processing temperature is demonstrated. Relevant aspects of preform manufacturing, such as glass cutting, splicing, tapering, and overcladding, are described in detail. The process of using these aspects to fabricate optical fiber preforms made of highly dissimilar materials and of various core-to-cladding ratios is discussed. Specialty fibers drawn from these preforms exhibit low-loss and show good optical performance.