bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Edged Drill vs. Double - Edged Drill in Aluminium Parts Drilling
Authors: Pămîntaş Eugen , Turc Cristian Gheorghe , Banciu Felicia Veronica
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes an answer to a question like "it is better to use something new or use what we already know is a relatively recent technique novelty, which is found in tools manufacturer’s catalogues but still very rarely used, almost unknown in current industrial practice: spiral drill with three cutting edges. To give an endorsed answer, it starts machining a concrete case of a part of aluminium and research, based on a minimal experimental program, the processing with new drilling tool compared with the known helical drill. Answer the question initially is not simple, nor one given in few words and none with the high degree of generality, but one nuanced, depending on the performance indicators considered to be of interest and closeness of experimental working conditions than those found in current industrial environment. Helpful for the formulation and presenting the response is the processing of experimental data in the form of calculations, graphs and summary of the rejection’s causes. In this way, the concluding elements stand out more obvious and a number of partial answers can be formulated and justified recommendations can be done regarding: which of drills, where and in which conditions provides the best quality of machined hole, the best chip fragmentation and with the best ratio: price / quality / operation.
Finite Element in Designing of the Gate Location, Shape and Moulding Injection Path
Authors: Ciofu Ciprian Dumitru , Nedelcu Dumitru
Published: October 2014

800x600

Like all industrial processes, injection molding can produce flawed parts. In the field of injection molding, troubleshooting is often performed by examining defective parts for specific defects and addressing these defects with the design of the mold or the characteristics of the process itself. Trials are often performed before full production runs in an effort to predict defects and determine the appropriate specifications to use in the injection process [1].
Gate solidification time is important, as it determines cycle time and the quality and consistency of the product, which itself is an important issue in the economics of the production process. Holding pressure is increased until the parts are free of sinks and part weight has been achieved. [2]
The number of triangle in the mesh has an impact on calculation times. Each triangle has three nodes and the calculations done by the SolidWorks Plastics solvers are performed at each of those nodes. So, a higher number of elements mean a higher number of nodes and as the number of nodes increases, compute time increases. That said, element counts up to 100,000 should solve in a reasonable time, while element counts over 100,000 may take longer to solve.
Gates vary in size and shape depending upon the type of plastic being molded and the size of the part. Small gates have a better appearance but take longer time to mold or may need to have higher pressure to fill correctly. Large parts will require larger gates to provide a bigger flow of resin to shorten the mold time.
In this paper we will study the influence of the gate shape and location over the specimen. We will study in particular the fiber orientation for a material reinforced with fiberglass.
Some Aspects about Structural Changes on Steel Laser Heat Treating
Authors: Nedelcu Roxana , Bartiș Daniela , Mocian Oana , Voicu Daniela
Published: October 2014

The unique properties of laser radiation determine his special technological applications. Surface treatment is a subject of considerable interest at present because it is able to save strategic materials or allow improved components with perfect surfaces. Optical energy is an ideal form of energy for surface treatment. The advantages offered by the laser, the highly localized clean nature of the process, low distortion and high quality of finish demonstrate that. In this paper we will present the main aspects about experimental arrangements for appropriate ideal power distribution to gives a uniform temperature over the area to be treated and metallurgical results and properties of hardened steels.
Research on Obtaining Open-Cell Foam by Molten Metal Infiltration
Authors: Nuțescu Duduman Catalina , Bălţătescu Oana , Carcea Ioan , Cimpoeşu Nicanor , Axinte Mihai , Adoroaei Cristian
Published: October 2014

AbstractPorous metallic materials are the subject of numerous recent studies due to their ability to combine good mechanical and physical properties with low weight. Metal foams are an innovative and challenging class of materials. Due to their unusual physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties, they have been granted much attention by materials researchers in the last few years and are finding several structural and functional applications in different engineering fields. This foam was produced by a process, which consists mainly in infiltrating molten metal bed of silica gel particles. Later to use hydrofluoric acid (HF) as solvent. In this paper is presented obtaining of metal foam with open-cell. Microstructural analyses on foamed specimens showed uniform microstructure of ligaments and a very regular and well reproducible open-cell morphology. Compositional analyses on foamed specimens showed uniform microstructure of ligaments and the absence of SiO2 interaction with the metal reproducible open-cell morphology. The use of SiO2 beads as space holder results in cellular metals with a very homogeneous arrangement of almost spherical cavities. Additionally, because of the high chemical stability of SiO2, reactions between space holder and molten metal tend to be minimal or inexistent. This methodology is based on cheap commercial consumables and a simple technology, focusing on intermediate-density low-cost foams with interesting cost/benefits ratio. Keywordsinfiltrating molten metal, silica gel particles, microstructure of ligaments, microstructural analyses, open-cell morphology
Controlling and Monitoring of Welding Parameters for Micro-Alloyed Steel Pipes Produced by High Frequency Electric Welding
Authors: Simion Petru , Dia Vasile , Istrate Bogdan , Munteanu Corneliu
Published: October 2014

Manufacture of steel pipes micro-alloyed with Ti, V, Nb by high frequency electric resistance welding (HF-ERW) is a modern and efficient method, but requires a good knowledge and adjustment of various parameters influencing the welding process. This study aims to determine the influence of the main process parameters (electrical and mechanical) and establish correlations between them, in order to optimize the welding process. This was possible only by controlling and monitoring the welding parameters used and conducting experiments and tests on welded pipes in different conditions.
Peculiarity of the Tool-Electrode Wear Mechanism during Surface Machining with Electric Discharges in Pulse
Authors: Topala Pavel , Pinzaru Natalia , Guzgan Dorin , Ojegov Alexandr , Besliu Vitalie
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the results of experimental research on the wear mechanism of the tool-electrode as a result of machining metal materials by applying electric discharges in pulse. It examines several phenomena noticed on the tool - electrode surface, exactly, the oxide layer formation and the modification of the micro geometry of the tungsten tool electrode surface. The paper presents the experimental results on the behavior of the tool electrode made of stainless steel after the metal parts have been machined. It also presents the phases of mass transfer in the gap between electrodes.
Analyzing the Interdependence between a 4x4 Automobile’s Slip and the Self-Generated Torque within its Transmission
Authors: Alexa Octavian , Marinescu Marin , Truta Marian , Vilau Radu , Vinturis Valentin
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an analysis that aims at identifying the interdependence between the wheels slip and the self-generated torque that occurs at the inter-axle level of a 4x4 automobiles driveline. We consider that this paper has a high degree of novelty since it succeeds in establishing causality relationships between different automotive typical parameters. Moreover, the paper provides the specific mathematical, theoretical equations as well as an example of a generalized mathematical model derived from time or frequency analysis.The theoretical mathematical elements consist of terms referring to the rigid wheels kinematics and specific working conditions of the vehicle when it runs with tire radii differences at the inter-axle level. To achieve the goal of our work we developed a large experimental research work that involved an extended instrumentation of an all-wheel driven military vehicle in such a manner that allowed getting information concerning different shafts torque and angular speed. The vehicle has transfer case, involving a longitudinal differential. The tests were developed with the locking device of the differential working in the engaged mode. Aiming at revealing the connection between the tire radii and the self-generated torque, we have subjected the vehicle to different tire radii running modes. The rolling radius of the wheels that were on the same axle was the same. The bigger the tire radii difference the bigger the self-generated torque; hence the interdependence started to reveal itself as far as the tire slip also followed the behavior of the self-generated torque. In order to determine the wheels slip we also measured the vehicles speed with a GPS. The results are graphically presented.Following the results of the data processing stage, we concluded that the interdependence between wheels slip and the self-generated torque exists and a relationship between these two phenomena can be mathematically expressed, using a generalized model. We consider that a kind of model like this proves its utility in simulating similar conjectures; thus, the experimental research effort can be significantly reduced either by lacking either in torque measuring or wheels slip measuring. Such a determination could have a positive impact by optimizing the vehicle exploitation or even its modernization.
Diagnose Method Based on Spectral Analysis of Measured Parameters
Authors: Vilău Radu , Marinescu Marin , Alexa Octavian , Truta Marian , Vinturis Valentin
Published: October 2014

The paper presents a possible method to diagnose a mechanical fault of an automotive system. Starting from the point of view that every fault of a mechanical system should introduce an abnormal component within the signal that describes the time history of a mechanical parameter we tried to find a way to reveal it.We were performing some tests involving a military vehicle with respect to the performances of its braking system. The tests were aiming at identifying a way to bring up-to-date the old weapon system from the braking systems point of view. During these tests we observed some anomalies concerning the pressure evolution within the braking cylinders of the vehicle. Some unusual but also systematic noises occurred. As a main issue at this point, the source of the noise should have been identified and filtered if necessary. We had to decide whether the noisy component of the signal is just a noise that should be removed by filtering the signal or it is a physical component of the mechanical parameter itself (not noise but a useful information).These procedures take time and they also request accurate knowledge as well as fine expertise in automotive testing. Since our Dept. has a long and rich practice in this respect, we assumed to processing data and give them a thorough interpretation. So, the first thing we did was to perform a frequency analysis, using classical methods. Usually, a simple frequency analysis cant provide information about a time variation of the frequency spectra due to the Fourier Transforms behavior, since it freezes the signal in time. A much more accurate analysis is the time-frequency analysis. However, observing both the amplitude and power spectra can lead to a useful conclusion. We concluded that the noise we met within the signal is due to the brake drums loss of circular shape (they turned into an oval, the process being known as ovalization). Hence, we cant talk about a noise as it is usually defined.
The Analysis of Hydrogen Absorption by the Fatigue Crack in Changeable Loaded Structure
Authors: Jamroziak Krzysztof , Jargulinski Wiesław , Piesiak Stanislaw
Published: October 2014

The analysis of literature and own research have showed that there are several important processes in metal pieces coated with plastic cover, which have significant influence on the strength of fatigue. Those processes are caused by generation of electricity in double layer (EDL), affecting the electrode potential shift in positive direction. The increased adhesion forces on the metal substrate is the another factor, which translates into increased strength of fatigue. An equally important issue that could have a significant impact on the growth of strength of fatigue is the penetration of hydrogen into the metal. This phenomenon has been known for a long time, but the mechanism associated with this issue still represents an unexplored area. The aim of this paper is to introduce this mechanism basing mainly on a theoretical analysis of this phenomenon and some selected own research.
Design of the Roof Support with Strait-Line Mechanism
Authors: Gwiazda Aleksander
Published: October 2014

One of the most important aspects of machine designing is to balance between the economic requirements and the safety ones. Taking into account these requirements it was conducted the design work to elaborate the new concept of the mining roof support that fulfil them. The mining roof support is a mining equipment that has the most influence on the safety of work in deep coal mines and on the productivity of deep mines. Moreover the hydraulic roof support generally accounts for over 50% of the total value of a coal mining and excavating system. It is consider not only with the complexity of the roof support but also with the accepted direction of the development of mining supports. Generally designers elaborate heavier constructions with prof of larger diameters and loads. In this way the support system must be prepare not only to withdraw the rock mass forces but also the forces generated by its hydraulic system. These prerequisites underlie the new project of a roof support. This project bases also on many Polish patents concerning the mechanical devices and hydraulic equipment of a mining roof support. The main idea of the work was to elaborate the scheme of a support that will be compatible with the system of loads generating by the rock mass and by the conditions of work in a deep mine. As a result it was proposed the concept of a hydraulic roof support equipped with four props that work only in a vertical position. To realize that task it was proposed the special designed strait-line mechanism protected by Polish patent. This mechanism is supported by gas springs with low resistance. These springs help to eliminate horizontal forces loaded the construction. It has been also designed special flexible roof part (also patented) that allows to eliminate the horizontal component of roof rock loads. The hydraulic system is equipped with gas dampers that compensate dynamic loads during bumps in longwalls. The design of the dampers is also patented. In the result of design process the new concept of the roof support have been elaborated. One prototype has been manufactured. According to analysis it is about half the weight of standard roof support and the cost of it reaches the 50% of a standard support. It should be the optimal proposal for the European mining industry.
Ballistic Impact: A Comparative Case Study Using Lagrangian Method with Erosion Criterion and SPH
Authors: Oloeriu Florin , Mocian Oana , Nedelcu Roxana , Grosu Dănuţ , Ilie Constantin
Published: October 2014

The ballistic simulation attempted in this work is among the most difficult as both the projectile and the target experience significant deformations. Traditionally these simulations have been performed using a Lagrangian approach, i.e. a deformable mesh with large mesh deformations. There are three often used techniques when studying ballistic problems with the Lagrangian method: remeshing (generally not available for 3D hexahedra meshes), the 'pilot hole' technique and material erosion. Because these techniques imply element removal, in order to allow the calculation to continue, the Lagrangian method lacks a physical basis. Moreover, no general guidance exists for selecting one of the three techniques mentioned before. The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic method as implemented in the commercial code LS-DYNA has been used in this paper to solve the problem of the impact between different caliber projectiles and various types of metal targets. The results are compared to those produced by dynamic analysis using conventional finite element methods with material erosion as implemented in LS-DYNA.
Modelling the Structural Steel Hardness Using Genetic Programming Method
Authors: Papliński Przemysław , Sitek Wojciech , Trzaska Jacek
Published: October 2014

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate, how artificial intelligence methods, especially genetic ones, naturally combine with problems of material science. On the example of modelling a function showing how carbon concentration in steel changes its hardness it was shown how modern artificial intelligence methods can easily be adapted for solving problems of modern science. The paper presents the possibility of applying genetic programming to model properties of the steel.
418V Side Dump Car Introduction: Wall Opening Simulation and Further Research
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej , Musiał Piotr , Olszewski Aleksander , Bajda Daria , Poręba Martyna
Published: October 2014

This article includes basic information about 418V dump car. It presents most important technical data and possible applications of the wagon. It also involves main advantages and disadvantages of implicated technical solutions. Main part refers to the wall opening simulation carried out using the Siemens NX 8.5 software [4,5]. Analysis of the behaviour of mechanisms allowed to examine stages of the opening process and delivered valuable data about angular displacement of the side-board. Siemens NX 8.5 software was used in order to conduct side-boards opening simulation. Research was based on existing 3D model of 418V dump car applied into Siemens Motion Simulation module. It involved dividing model into particular elements (‘Links’), defining movement relations between them (‘Joints’), setting up a STEP function and finally creating a new solution. Research resulted in a complex side-board opening simulation. It allowed to define an angular displacement of particular, important parts. Mechanisms were proven to work safely and without any collisions between elements. Outcome of this article may be used in further research referring to the 418V dump car.
Impact of Structural Characteristics of Flexspline on the Stresses Occurring at the Tooth Space Bottom
Authors: Folęga Piotr
Published: October 2014

The author of the article applied the boundary element method (BEM) to determine stresses occurring in a toothed rim of a flexspline. The relevant numerical calculations were conducted using software developed at the Faculty of Transport of the Silesian University of Technology. The numerical analysis conducted for flexsplines entailed the impact exerted by parameters of an indented toothed flexspline rim (number of teeth, addendum modification coefficient) and of a gear tool (gear tool head curve radius, pressure angle) on values of the stresses occurring at the tooth space bottom. Results of the said calculations have been depicted as curves of dependences between stresses at the tooth space bottom in the function of the number of flexspline rim teeth on constant values of the addendum modification coefficient. The cumulative diagrams developed based on the results of the calculations conducted may provide guidelines as to the manner of designing flexsplines for harmonic drives.
Evaluation of the Influence of the Diameter and Shape of Lightening Holes on Effort of Webs and Values of Critical Forces of Thin-Walled Girders
Authors: Mańkowski Jarosław , Szymański Rafał
Published: October 2014

This article is dedicated to analysis of the impact of lightening holes (performed in the webs of girders, ribs, etc. elements of thin-walled structures) on the value of the critical forces and local effort of the material webs girders. Paper presents the results of typical analysis of two flanges thin-walled girders. Calculations was performed for one of the three most common ways of making lightening holes which differ in the way the edge of the hole shaping. Analysis includes the most common case of work of this construction type - that is the case in which the load acts in the plane of web girder. The article presents a comparison of the results of girders with holes with the results for the full girders (without holes). Particular attention was paid to the significant increase the stress concentration caused by the occurrence of holes.
Structural Health Monitoring of Rotating Machines in Manufacturing Processes by Vibration Methods
Authors: Burdzik Rafał , Konieczny Łukasz , Folęga Piotr
Published: October 2014

The paper presents results of the active diagnostics experiments on influence of fatigue metal damage of the inner race of bearing and unbalance of rotating masses on vibration generated by the machine. Analysis of vibration related phenomena is a solution commonly applied in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. The application of vibroacoustics methods for technical condition monitoring has been developed in the past years in many systems of manufacturing processes. Vibroacoustic methods, based on the analysis of vibration or acoustic signals perceived as residual processes of non-invasive nature, is becoming more and more important in this respect. The scope of its application as well as the applicability of methods in numerous diagnostic systems also results from the capabilities of advanced methods of signal analysis and identification of numerous characteristics of technical condition. One of the most common operation damages are caused by rolling bearings wear. The scope of research contains tests on bearing damage and the unbalance of disc. The wear processes and unbalance are closely related to the vibration levels (arising from the mass loss of plastic deformation, and the fatigue damage). The research was conducted on special research test bench for vibration monitoring for rotating machinery. Structural health monitoring of machinery has to be conducted in different states and working conditions of the manufacturing system. Thus for simulating of different operating conditions the experiments have been conducted during run up of the machine which consist the transient states of working and during work on constant rotational speed of the power generate engine. For the identification of the symptoms of the machinery and equipments health monitoring the vibration signal have been analysed in time domain and frequency transformation as well. The performed signals are not stationary. Thus it is better to observe the signal simultaneously in time and frequency domains. For this purpose the spectrograms were determined. Spectrograms computes the short-time Fourier transform of a signal by default divided into segments. During the transformation the Hamming window and noverlap were used. For the comparison of the vibration of good and damage bearings signals registered for different frequencies have been presented in form of spectrograms and RMS distributions.
Designing a Cold Plate Used in Rapid Freeze Prototyping Technology
Authors: Savin Alevandru , Floca Alexandru , Trifănescu Mihai , Ionescu Nicolae , Vişan Aurelian
Published: October 2014

The rapid prototyping with ice is a new manufacturing technology that can generate three-dimensional objects from ice by depositing and rapidly freezing water layer by layer. In order to freeze the water droplets, the plate must meet certain conditions, among those it is worth to be mentioned, the surface temperature, which should not surpass 0°C. The equipment presented in the paper is a part of rapid freeze prototyping equipment, designed and built by the authors. The authors analysed various freezing systems and they discovered that the classical cooling systems are not appropriate to be used in rapid freeze prototyping technology. The unique solution is the utilisation of thermoelectric cells, generic named as Peltier cells. The modern technology can be used in obtaining Peltier cells, with a high degree of reliability, electrical consumption and yield. This can be successfully used as heat pumps in industry. The author developed an original system that permitted to implement the Peltier cells. The cold plate was designed by using CAD software. In addition, the cold plate was produced and tested. The equipment obtained, has a greater power in comparison with the classical ones, even if it has smaller dimensions. The electrical power supply has to be well filtered in order to generate a higher efficiency. Through the main advantages of the Peltier cells can be mentioned: no maintenance have to be performed as this type of cells have no moving parts, thus having a major advantage; no CFC or other consumables parts have to be used, thus proving to be more economical than other systems; the heat regulation can be performed easier compared with the classical systems offering a better control and precision; it can be used in severe environments where conventional cooling systems can fail, being successfully used in the presence of liquid nitrogen; it can perform in various positions and is reversible similar to heat pumps. The main drawback of this system is that it uses a great amount of electrical energy, consequently can have a low yield.
The Practical Verification of the Material Loss Detection Method for Cylindrical Shape Parts
Authors: Janik Witold
Published: October 2014

The Material Loss Detection Method for Cylindrical Shape parts (MLDMCS) was presented in the previous article. The verification of the method was executed on two different samples, manufactured from different materials and with different geometries. The main goal of research was to set the diameter tolerance for a detection process. The first sample was examined nine times with a modification of one parameter diameter tolerance. The results interpretation gives a possibility to check the proper set of data for future cylindrical shape examinations according to accuracy class of manufacturing. Preparation of the first sample was done in order to check: centricity of compared models, uniform material los detection mechanical friction worn, various distribution and shape of material loss, various depth of material loss. Second sample was prepared in order to check correct detection of material loss in case when element have a feature (like key slot), that is in a part but simultaneously it exist according to design. The main target is to recognize with the algorithm: what is, what is not and properly classify material loss. Furthermore second examination sample was damaged in a border area of the mentioned feature. The presented verification proves that is possible to apply the proposed MLDMCS in industry to support overhaul process of technical means. The important part of examination preparation is a set of a technological base that is used to fit together sample model (from 3D scanning) and the design pattern model (from CAD design). The main result is a material loss digital presentation, 3D and 2D simplified distribution. Groups of material loss can be assigned to specific areas in order to prepare refurbishing process turning surface layer before laser cladding is applied. The distribution map (2D and 3D) fully corresponds to material loss distribution on samples. Time of element examination with MLDMCS is strictly related to accuracy in angle division and axial division in distribution of singular volume. The verification proves that the 3rd generation of refurbishing process operation preparation is possible to put in to practice. However it has to be prepared with proper methods and equipment. The method should be applied especially in situation when an element is: refurbished in series, elements that are refurbished have similar design, elements characterizes with same accuracy class of manufacturing and similar diameters, but with various designs.
Computer Aided Process of Designing the Mechatronic Silesian Greenpower Electric Car
Authors: Baier Andrzej , Baier Maja , Sobek Michał , Grabowski Łukasz , Dusik Dawid , Papaj Piotr
Published: October 2014

"The Greenpower Corporate Challenge" is an annual race of four-wheeled electric vehicles organized on the tracks in the UK. Participants of the "The Greenpower Corporate Challenge" contest are students of high schools and universities which are involved in designing and construction process of an electric race car. The basic goal of GPCC competition is making the largest possible number of laps on the race track - for a limited time of 90 minutes. The main restriction is imposed by the organizers, the power source and type of the motor driving the car, which increases competition level and equalize the chances of teams. The design process of the vehicle was followed by the drawn intuitively, an iterative procedure. A simplified methodology for the design and construction of the vehicle has been adopted, which was based on a cyclic process of designing every mechatronic subsystems and gathering them all in one CAD model. During all designing and engineering tasks a mathematical model of the vehicle has been used. With using finite element method (FEM) and studies using an anthropometric drivers model there was a continuous control of the correctness of the solutions and results. This article describes the computer research methods used in the design process of selected systems and components of the vehicle Silesian Greenpower and their adequacy in relation to traditional methods.
Impact and Energy Absorption of TWB Thin-Walled Structures with Polygonal Cross-Sections
Authors: Ciubotariu Vlad Andrei , Albut Aurelian
Published: October 2014

Nowadays, thin-walled structures and different materials destined to absorb kinetic energy initiated a great interest among the researchers from the auto, naval, military industries even from the protection equipment production industry. The main role of these structures is to absorb and dissipate the kinetic energy so the maximum level of deceleration to be limited. Thus, the structures collapse through progressive buckling. The aim is to control this progressive buckling as efficient as possible through the collapse mode or the construction technique. This collapsing mode is well described and characterised by the international literature [.The plastic strain history of the components constituting the thin-walled structure is very important because each bending, stretching process or tensioning brings with it self-a series of transformations which compete to influence the dynamic response of this kind of structures [2].In this study, all the above presented aspects were taken into consideration in the analysis of the impact and energy absorption behaviour regarding thin-walled structures by using explicit nonlinear finite element code LS_Dyna V971. The thin-walled structures involved in this research are made from tailor welded blanks (TWB) and were subject of axial impact crashing tests. There were used three types of cross-section shapes: rectangular, pentagonal and hexagonal. In order to have a fare comparison study, all the studied structures had a 250mm cross-section perimeter and a height of 250mm, also. Each structure is constituted from four, five or six sheet metal parts bonded together.
Modelling of Cutting Force and Robot Load during Machining
Authors: Gołda Grzegorz , Kampa Adrian
Published: October 2014

Industrial robots are used for many tasks, mainly for material handling, welding and cutting. Robots can be also equipped with other tools for example drill or mill cutter and used for machining. Compared to conventional machines, robots have some advantages, which are: large range, flexibility and speed. On the other hand the greater disadvantage is small stiffness of robotic arms. Also the precision of robot positioning is smaller than modern CNC machines. Nowadays small number of robots are used mainly for machining of soft materials, such as plastic, wood, foam and aluminium. We have also executed some experiments with robot machining including styrodur milling. This technique is similar to rapid prototyping technics. Obtained parts can be used as prototypes. Robots can be used also for machining of hard materials and steel, but that is related with greater cutting force. Thanks they flexibility robots can be used for tasks that are performed by hand by locksmiths. An example of deburring and chamfering of sharp edges were analysed. The burrs and sharp edges that remains after some machining operations must be removed. In most cases that is done by chamfering the edges with hand tools. That tasks requires skilled workers and is physically exhausting and therefore industrial robots can be used to perform that work. But the first problem is prediction of cutting force and selection of proper robot with adequate payload. A mechanistic model of cutting force during milling a chamfer on the edge is presented in the article. Obtained results are similar with other experimental results that are described in the analysed bibliography. Afterwards a methodology for robot selection is explained. Because robot manufacturers give only data for static payload of robot arm, there must be a way to take into account the dynamic cutting force. Some problems that are possible during robot machining are discussed, and some solution are proposed. Because milling force is not constant and still subsequently changes value and direction, it can be the source of vibration. Small stiffness of robot arm combined with vibrations can caused losing of robot position and improper surface after machining. Other problem can be robot programming for machining of curved surfaces in 3 dimensional space. There are same CAM system that can be used for that purpose. Results obtained with developed model can be used for design of robotic cell for chamfering and milling.   Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Standardowy; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
Some Aspects Concerning Geometric Forms Automatically Find Images and Ordering them Using RobotStudio Simulation
Authors: Cohal Viorel
Published: October 2014

The paper presents finding certain geometric objects in an image of the work area. Using offline programming of robots ABB RobotStudio program is ordered using these objects in a predetermined order. A significant number of high-performance algorithms used in image processing using methods and techniques of artificial intelligence. On the other hand, artificial intelligence requires intersection area and building systems capable of performing the functions of the human intellect: experiential learning, natural language understanding and the use of reasoning to solve problems or make decisions. All these imply, however, accumulating a certain amount of information (knowledge base, environmental information, etc.). This information is taken from the intelligent sensors, and creates an image of the environment when taking data. The image thus obtained is extracted useful information. However the field of artificial vision is a common discipline both image processing and artificial intelligence. In the first stage, objects placed in the normal position as to determine the geometrical shape feature. Determine a range of appropriate methods for recognizing geometric shapes (square, circle, rectangle, etc.). Using ABB robot with gripper each object is positioned firmly in place .
Transport Phenomena in "Liquid Wood" Treated with a Complex Fluid Using the Scale Relativity
Authors: Puiu Elena , Nedelcu Dumitru , Vrajitoriu Lucia
Published: October 2014

Materials are the main substances that have an important effect on company development and require some simple or complex manufacturing technologies. The future use of recyclable materials will become an extremely important factor in all fields of activity. Therefore, "liquid wood", due to its biodegradability and mechanical properties superior to other plastics, could replace some plastic materials in the near future. The injected parts can be obtained using the same injection machines used for the injection of plastic materials. The technological injection parameters such as: injection pressure, injection time, cooling time, mold temperature, etc. are different. A new study of transport fenomena in liquid wood treated with the complex fluid is proposed considering that the complex fluid and agents moving in continuous and non-differentiable curves (fractal curves). Within this framework, the transport equations of mass, energy and impulse are obtained and the fundamental theorems of complex fluid are established at well. In the end, our model and the classical results are correlated.
Terms of Replacing Conventional Quality Control Systems by the Poka-Yoke Systems
Authors: Hetmańczyk Mariusz Piotr , Michalski Piotr
Published: October 2014

Development of devices for the automatic control of the state of the elements that are components of cars has been presented in this article. In spite of the diversity-controlled parts authors have identified the essential elements of each of the positions. Each unit is composed of a housing base plate - with a notch adapted to the controlled element skeleton - part responsible for the determination of controlled parts [, electronic control system detail, visual signaling allowing for rapid assessment of the inspection. A noticeable fact is related to the necessity of proper selection of industrial sensor technology for specific applications. The premises, existence of which can cancel the interop control in favor of the final inspection was been shown by the authors. Considering the most popular industrial sensor systems, with respect to the following criteria measuring range, resolution, sensitivity, also an important factor in the selection [ of the actuators and control subsystem has been discussed. Also the general algorithm of the automatic process control with the methodology of Poka-Yoke has been presented.
Validation Process of the Automatic Poka-Yoke Systems in Case of Symmetrical Objects
Authors: Michalski Piotr , Hetmańczyk Mariusz Piotr
Published: October 2014

Steps of validation of the testing device which integrate two quality testing channels (symmetrical Poka-Yoke system) have been described in this article. System was required for testing correctness of the welds of sheet metal stampings, which can be produced as two different, evenly balanced objects (left right pieces). Authors attempted to develop the concept and the implementation of double channel Poka-Yoke system in one housing. Main reason for this integration was requirements for saving space and minimizing changeover time. The goal was reached. However the adverse condition that causes an increase in the possibility of making mistakes by service was observed. This condition was eliminated during the optimization process by the changing in construction and logic in the control program of PLC. All of the reasons for that was described in the article. Particular attention was paid to the positioning of the tested elements, optimization of the proximity inductive sensor layout and mistake proof process depended on wrong manipulation of the tested element. Full 3D CAD model of the end conception and physical implementation was shown in the article. The system was developed and still works in the factory.
Computational Thermodynamic Analysis of Nanostructured Materials for Protective Coatings
Authors: Toncu Gheorghita , Toncu Dana Cristina
Published: October 2014

Nanostructured materials have gained a lot of importance in the latest technologies due to their amazing mechanical, thermal, and even nuclear properties. Either used as classic protective coatings or particle detectors, nanostructured materials require special synthesis methods, from physical or chemical vapour deposition, flame synthesis to plasma processing. The complex phenomena accompanying their synthesis required the deep study of the thermodynamic parameters of such systems, with special emphasis on a theoretical approach which is independent to the synthesis method and generally applicable. The complex mathematical description of such phenomena and the solution to the thermodynamic functions of the system, achieved in many cases by numerical methods, was often done by strong commercial codes. Despite the efforts, many of the predicted synthesis parameters did not match experimental determinations, and furthermore, conducted to confusing and even wrong results regarding especially the pressure and temperature range required to obtain the quality materials. The present work aims to draw a comparative computational analysis of nanostructured materials, indicating not only some commercial code results, but also the differences in softwares, methods, theoretical approach and conclusions. Both similarities and differences are underlined by the numerical and graphical solutions, as offered by various commercial codes, revealing strong and weak aspects in thermodynamic considerations. The output of such a computational thermodynamic analysis doesnt depend on the synthesis method, but on the assumptions done and the materials under evaluation, and presents a good concordance with many experimental data, either obtained during authors work or literature-reported. The study is useful when needing the synthesis parameters, such as temperature, system and component pressure, feedstock composition, the degree of freedom analysis, the Gibbs free energy, the driving force, the phase diagrams, the pressure-temperature or pressure-volume graph. Taking into account the balance between assumptions, accuracy, and effective nanostructured material, one has to choose the most suitable commercial code and approach in order to obtain the a-priori thermodynamic characterization of the system.
Practical Example of the Integration of Planning and Simulation Systems Using the RapidSim Software
Authors: Krenczyk Damian , Zemczak Marcin
Published: October 2014

In the paper practical implementation of the methodology of production planning systems with discrete event simulation (DES) systems integration has been presented. The required definitions of data structures and functions transformation in the form of XSLT documents have been presented. The functional algorithm and RapidSim software made on its basis, which is practical implementation of the integration methodology was developed. Developed software and parameterising documents have been used for the integration methodology verification. RapidSim system was made in VisualBasic development environment, and by the fact that Data Transformation XSLT documents can be independently developed, the software can be used for any integrated systems. During the verification phase of the implemented methodology, the software has been used for the practical implementation of Production Order Verification System (SWZ) for multi-assortment, concurrent production planning and Enterprise Dynamics simulation system integration.
On Departure Process in a Production Model with Cyclic Working and Repair Periods
Authors: Kempa Wojciech M. , Paprocka Iwona , Kalinowski Krzysztof , Grabowik Cezary
Published: October 2014

A finite-buffer queueing system of the M/M/1/N type is used for modeling the operation of a single-machine production line with cyclic failure-free and repair periods. The arriving jobs enter randomly according to a Poisson process and are being processed individually with service times having the common exponential distribution. After an exponentially distributed working period a breakdown of the machine occurs, starting an exponentially distributed repair time during which the service process is stopped. At the completion epoch of the repair time a new working period begins and so on. A system of integral equations for conditional probability distributions of the number of jobs completely processed before the fixed time t (departure process) is built, using the concept of embedded Markov chain and the total probability law. Applying linear-algebraic approach the compact-form solution of the corresponding system written for double transforms of departure process is found.
A Production Scheduling Model with Maintenance
Authors: Paprocka Iwona , Kempa Wojciech M. , Kalinowski Krzysztof , Grabowik Cezary
Published: October 2014

In the paper, a production model with maintenance is presented. Successive failure-free times of a bottleneck are supposed to have predefined distributions and are followed by distributed times of repair. Having values of parameters: Mean Time To Failure and Mean Time of Repair, a predictive schedule is generated. To assess wastes due to unplanned events of the bottleneck, such as unplanned downtime the Overall Equipment Effectiveness indicator is applied. To assess failure rate of the bottleneck the Parts Per Million Opportunities indicator is applied. Prediction capability, detection capability of a failure and effects of the failure occurrence are evaluated and registered in the Exploitation Failure Mode and Effects Analysis form. The objective of the presented predictive scheduling model is to achieve: zero machines failures, zero defects, zero accidents at work.