bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ce qu’un homme sait ne pas savoir
Authors: Sag Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2016

Contribuer à désobjectiver le savoir « sur » les femmes pour remonter à la source du désir de savoir de l’homme lui-même à l’égard des femmes, tel pourrait être l’enjeu de la réflexion. De la curiosité infantile du garçon à la relation qu’un adulte entretient avec une femme, n’y aurait-il pas, pour l’homme, un problème de gestion d’ignorance à élaborer psychiquement ? C’est la conclusion à laquelle on aboutit si l’on prend en considération les « signifiants énigmatiques » que constituent pour un homme l’expérience de la gestation ainsi que l’homosexualité native des femmes. L’évidence de la nécessité du père comme tiers séparateur pourrait alors être remise en question.
Le père dans la bisexualité et le féminin
Authors: Gérard Christian
Published: October 2016

L’auteur propose de penser le féminin au début de la vie psychique en lien avec la perception par l’enfant de la présence du père réel aux côtés de sa mère, considérant qu’il perçoit la différence des pulsionnalités de ses parents, avant même de pouvoir les reconnaître comme des objets œdipiens. La question est aussi posée d’une incidence possible de cette différenciation très précoce sur la relation transférentielle de la cure psychanalytique, avec des conséquences possibles sur les stratégies interprétatives.
The bush coconut (scale insect gall) as food at Kiwirrkurra, Western Australia
Authors: Yen A. , Flavel M. , Bilney C. , Brown L. , Butler S. , Crossing K. , Jois M. , Napaltjarri Y. , Napaltjarri Y. , West P. , Wright B.
Published: October 2016

The bush coconut is used as a source of food by several Australian Aboriginal communities. It is actually a scaleinsect gall. Originally all bush coconut insects were given the same species name, but now there are at least three species in Australia. The bloodwood trees at Kiwirrkurra (Western Australia),Corymbia opaca, had bush coconuts built by the scale insectCystococcus pomiformis. The use of the coconut is described by some Aboriginal women from Kiwirrkurra. The nutritional value of the bush coconuts from Kiwirrkurra is determined; this is importantinformation because the species tested is known while the species identification of galls in earlier publications is now uncertain due to taxonomic changes.
The effects of selected factors on measured ergot alkaloid content inClaviceps purpurea-infected hexaploid and durum wheat
Authors: Tittlemier S.A. , Drul D. , Roscoe M. , Menzies J.G.
Published: October 2016

Four wheat genotypes, including the ergot-susceptible durum ‘AC Avonlea’ and hard red spring wheat ‘AC Cadillac’, as well as the resistant durum wheat line 9260B-173A and the hard red spring wheat line ‘Kenya Farmer’ wereinoculated with differentClaviceps purpurea isolates. Honeydew and sclerotia were collected and analysed for 10 ergot alkaloids. Total concentrations of the 10 ergot alkaloids ranged from 16 µg/kg in honeydew to 1,798 mg/kg insclerotia. Ergonovine and ergosine were the predominant alkaloids in honeydew obtained from plants inoculated with various isolates, whereas ergocristine and ergocryptine were the main alkaloids observed in sclerotia. Bothhost plant andC. purpurea isolate were significant factors affecting total ergot alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia. Irrespective of host plant line, all mean total ergot alkaloid concentrations were higher in sclerotia produced from the EI-2 isolate (695-1,010 mg/kg), as compared to EI-4 (255-594 mg/kg). The mass of total ergot alkaloids was alsopositively correlated with the mass of individual sclerotia produced from these twoC. purpurea isolates, with the slope of the regression higher for the EI-2 isolate. The total ergot alkaloid concentrations in sclerotia from various plants inoculated with the sameC. purpurea isolate differed; however, the resistance of host plant line did notappear to be consistent with ergot alkaloid content in sclerotia. Concentrations of total ergot alkaloids were highestand lowest in sclerotia from the two lines that are both classified as ‘resistant’, suggesting that the mechanism ofresistance for these lines is not restriction on the production of ergot alkaloids in sclerotia.
Safe food and feed through an integrated toolbox for mycotoxin management: the MyToolBox approach
Authors: Krska R. , de Nijs M. , McNerney O. , Pichler M. , Gilbert J. , Edwards S. , Suman M. , Magan N. , Rossi V. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J. , Bagi F. , Poschmaier B. , Sulyok M. , Berthiller F. , van Egmond H.P.
Published: October 2016

There is a pressing need to mobilise the wealth of knowledge from the international mycotoxin research conductedover the past 25-30 years, and to perform cutting-edge research where knowledge gaps still exist. This knowledgeneeds to be integrated into affordable and practical tools for farmers and food processors along the chain inorder to reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination of crops, feed and food. This is the mission of MyToolBox – a four-year project which has received funding from the European Commission. It mobilises a multi-actorpartnership (academia, farmers, technology small and medium sized enterprises, food industry and policystakeholders) to develop novel interventions aimed at achieving a significant reduction in crop losses due tomycotoxin contamination. Besides a field-to-fork approach, MyToolBox also considers safe use options ofcontaminated batches, such as the efficient production of biofuels. Compared to previous efforts of mycotoxin reduction strategies, the distinguishing feature of MyToolBox is to provide the recommended measures to theend users along the food and feed chain in a web-based MyToolBox platform (e-toolbox). The project focuseson small grain cereals, maize, peanuts and dried figs, applicable to agricultural conditions in the EU and China. Crop losses using existing practices are being compared with crop losses after novel pre-harvest interventionsincluding investigation of genetic resistance to fungal infection, cultural control (e.g. minimum tillage or cropdebris treatment), the use of novel biopesticides suitable for organic farming, competitive biocontrol treatment and development of novel modelling approaches to predict mycotoxin contamination. Research into post-harvestmeasures includes real-time monitoring during storage, innovative sorting of crops using vision-technology, novelmilling technology and studying the effects of baking on mycotoxins at an industrial scale.
3D InSAR Phase Unwrapping within the Compressive Sensing Framework
Authors: Ben Abdallah Wajih , Abdelfattah Riadh
Published: October 2016

This chapter presents a new phase unwrapping algorithm for the 3D Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (3D InSAR) volumes. The proposed approach is based on the relationship between the gradient vectors of the observed wrapped phase and the true phase respectively, when the Itoh condition is satisfied. Since this relationship is violated by the residue pixels in the observed wrapped phase, a general problem formulation which takes into account the estimation error due to these residue values is proposed. This approach exploits the temporal inter correlation between the interferometric frames within a compressive sensing framework. The 3D discrete curvelet transform is used in order to ensure a suitable sparse representation of the phase volume. The performance of the proposed 3D phase unwrapping algorithm is tested on simulated and real SAR 3D datasets
Inter and Intra Cities Smartness
Authors: El Khayat Ghada A. , Fashal Nada Ahmad
Published: October 2016

The rapid advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) contribute to the creation of ‘Smart Cities'/‘Knowledge Precincts' that use data, information and technologies to enable innovative business models. This contributes to the nations' development. For smart cities/knowledge precincts to realize the planned social and economic impact; they have to be well-located and planned. Creating connections among cities also contributes to their smartness. This, calls for concepts of inter and intra smartness contributed in this chapter. The question is: a) how to locate the components of the smart city internally and b) how to locate the smart cities relative to each other and to their communities. Location problems are tackled with optimization and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. This chapter starts by giving definitions on the topic and then presents a survey on the ‘Smart Cities'/‘Knowledge Precincts' location problems that use optimization and GIS tools and concludes with avenues for future research.
Knowledge Extraction from Geographical Databases for Land Use Data Production
Authors: Alouaoui Hana , Turki Sami Yassine , Faiz Sami
Published: October 2016

Our study focuses on the task of land use evolution in urban environment which is fundamental in revealing the territorial planning. It refers crucially to the use of spatial data mining tools due to their high potential in handling with spatial data characteristics. The results of our knowledge discovery process are spatial and spatiotemporal association rules referring to the land use and its evolution. Three proposals based on different knowledge extraction techniques are detailed. The first approach aims to extract spatiotemporal association rules by introducing time into the attributes. The second approach forecasts the extracted rules at different dates. The third approach is devoted to the mining of spatiotemporal association rules. This proposal looks for rules that relate properties of reference objects with properties of other spatial relevant objects. The extracted patterns are relationships involving the spatial objects during time periods. To prove the applicability of each approach, experimentations are conducted on real world data. The obtained results are promising.
Prediction Changes for Nonstationary Multi-Temporal Satellite Images using HMM
Authors: Ben Abbes Ali , Farah Imed Riadh
Published: October 2016

Due to the growing advances in their temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions, remotely sensed data continues to provide tools for a wide variety of environmental applications. This chapter presents the benefits and difficulties of Multi-Temporal Satellite Image (MTSI) for land use. Predicting land use changes using remote sensing is an area of interest that has been attracting increasing attention. Land use analysis from high temporal resolution remotely sensed images is important to promote better decisions for sustainable management land cover. The purpose of this book chapter is to review the background of using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) in land use change prediction, to discuss the difference on modeling using stationary as well as non-stationary data and to provide examples of both case studies (e.g. vegetation monitoring, urban growth).
Autotrophic Denitrification Processes
Authors: Belmonte Marisol , Fajardo Carmen , Toledo-Alarcón Javiera Belén , Heredia Daniel Valenzuela , Jorquera Lorena , Méndez Ramón , Tapia-Venegas Estela , Ruiz-Filippi Gonzalo
Published: October 2016

Effluents coming from anaerobic digesters are characterized by a COD/N ratio between 2 and 10, high ammonia NH4+ concentrations about 500 mg/L and a temperature range of 25-35 ºC. To remove nitrogen from these effluents biological processes as the autotrophic denitrification with sulfur compounds, hydrogen or methane can be applied. The main goal of this chapter is to describe and evaluate the use of these processes from an economic point of view. The methanotrophic denitrification is the cheapest alternative to remove nitrate from effluents with low COD/N ratios.
Anammox Process
Authors: Val del Río Ángeles , Fuentes Alba Pedrouso , Giustinianovich Elisa Amanda , Gomez José Luis Campos , Mosquera-Corral Anuska
Published: October 2016

Application of anammox based processes is nowadays an efficient way to remove nitrogen from wastewaters, being good alternative to the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. This chapter reviews the possible configurations to apply the anammox process, being special attention to the previous partial nitritation, necessary to obtain the adequate substrates for anammox bacteria. Furthermore a description of the main technologies developed and patented by different companies was performed, with focus on the advantages and bottlenecks of them. These technologies are classified in the chapter based on the type of biomass: suspended, granular and biofilm. Also a review is presented for the industrial applications (food industry, agricultural wastes, landfill leachates, electronic industry, etc.), taking into account full scale experiences and laboratory results, as well as microbiology aspects respect to the anammox bacteria genera involved. Finally the possibility to couple nitrogen removal, by anammox, with phosphorus recovery, by struvite precipitation, is also evaluated.
Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Anammox Process
Authors: Cema Grzegorz , Sochacki Adam
Published: October 2016

In most cases, the anammox process is used for nitrogen removal from reject water coming from dewatering of digested sludge. However, there are more industrial streams suitable for treatment by partial nitritation/anammox process. The landfill leachate may be a good example of such wastewater. Generally, landfilling is the most used solution for treatment of urban solid wastes. The problem with landfill leachate production and management is one of the most important issues associated with the sanitary landfills. These streams are highly contaminated wastewater with a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds and characterized by a high ammonia content and low biodegradable organic fraction matter. The objective of this chapter is the short characteristic of landfill leachate and a short review of its treatment methods with special focus on nitrogen removal by partial nitritation/anammox process.
Cytohistological correlation in pituitary tumor and immunological assessment with the help of Ki-67
Authors: Sen A , Das C , Mukhopadhyay M , Mukhopadhyay S , Deb S , Mukhopadhyay B
Published: October 2016

Background:

Tumors of the pituitary gland and sellar region represent approximately 10–15% of all brain tumors. Pituitary adenoma (PA), the most common pathology of the pituitary gland, can be effectively subclassified only with the help of immunohistochemistry (IHC). This is important and needed for individual patient management.

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of the study was to analyze the importance of intraoperative imprint smear cytology and correlating with final histopathological diagnosis. Furthermore, to classify the different types of PA with the help of IHC, prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) and to predict the benign, atypical, or malignant nature of the tumor with the help of prognostic marker Ki-67.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study was done in 34 cases. The patients whose pituitary gland samples are referred from the endocrine and the neurosurgery department to the pathology department for histopathological examinations were selected. We have studied the clinical features, radiology and touch imprint cytology, histopathology, and IHC with the help of PRL, ACTH, GH, and Ki-67 of PA over 2 years.

Results:

In our study, we had 32 cases of PA of 34 cases over a span of 2 years. We have seen that there is a correlation between cytological and histological diagnosis of the subtypes of PA in 62% cases, and the Kappa statistics show a moderate extent of agreement (Kappa - 0.320, 95% confidence interval = 0.031–0.609). Ki-67 when compared to the radiological grading showed a high degree of comparability (Chi-square test: P < 0.001). All cases with invasion had a higher Ki-67. On using the Fisher's exact test, we found that the Ki-67 expression with GH-producing adenomas and ACTH-producing adenomas was comparable (P = 1.000) while in PRL-producing adenomas too this was not significant (P = 0.269).

Conclusion:

PA can be effectively classified with the help of IHC. Intraoperative cytology is important in diagnosing PA, but histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosing and differentiating PA from other pathologies of the pituitary gland. The radiological grading together with immunological classification and the prognostic markers of Ki-67 is important in deciding the benign or atypical nature of the adenomas thus helping in better patient management.
Telescoping Technique to Engage Left Main Coronary Artery in a Case of Giant Aortic Aneurysm in a Geriatric Patient
Authors: Shah Priyank , Vasudev Rahul , Bikkina Mahesh , Virk Hartaj
Published: October 2016

We present a case of a geriatric male with giant ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA) who underwent successful coronary angiography using telescoping technique for evaluation his coronary arteries before surgery for AAA. Since the ascending aorta and root were extremely dilated, we knew it would not have been possible to engage the coronaries using regular catheters and standard technique. Hence, telescopic technique was used. Amplatz left 3 (AL3) 7F (French) guide catheter (90 cm) was initially used, and nonselective injection of contrast was done to see the coronary ostium. After that, a 5F multipurpose catheter (110 cm) was telescoped through 7F AL3 guide catheter to engage the ostium of the left main coronary artery. Using this technique, images of coronaries were obtained, and it showed minimal luminal irregularities in major epicardial coronary arteries. The patient underwent successful surgery with aortic valve replacement and excision of aneurysm with graft placement. Although this technique has been described previously in enlarged aortas, this is the first to our knowledge use of telescoping technique in giant aortic aneurysm in a geriatric patient.
The regional impact of urban emissions on climate over central Europe: present and future emission perspectives
Authors: Huszár Peter , Belda Michal , Karlický Jan , Pišoft Petr , Halenka Tomáš
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The regional climate model RegCM4.2 was coupled to the chemistry transport model CAMx, including two-way interactions, to evaluate the regional impact of urban emission from central European cities on climate for present-day (2001–2010) and future (2046–2055) periods, and for the future one only emission changes are considered. Short-lived non-CO2 emissions are considered and, for the future impact, only the emission changes are accounted for (the climate is kept “fixed”). The urban impact on climate is calculated with the annihilation approach in which two experiments are performed: one with all emissions included and one without urban emissions. The radiative impacts of non-CO2 primary and secondary formed pollutants are considered, namely ozone (O3), sulfates (PSO4), nitrates (PNO3), primary organic aerosol and primary elementary carbon (POA and PEC).The validation of the modelling system is limited to key climate parameters, near-surface temperature and precipitation. It shows that the model, in general, underestimates temperature and overestimates precipitation. We attribute this behaviour to an excess of cloudiness/water vapour present in the model atmosphere as a consequence of overpredicted evaporation from the surface.The impact on climate is characterised by statistically significant cooling of up to −0.02 and −0.04 K in winter (DJF) and summer (JJA), mainly over cities. We found that the main contributors to the cooling are the direct and indirect effects of the aerosols, while the ozone titration, calculated especially for DJF, plays rather a minor role. In accordance with the vertical extent of the urban-emission-induced aerosol perturbation, cooling dominates the first few model layers up to about 150 m in DJF and 1000 m in JJA. We found a clear diurnal cycle of the radiative impacts with maximum cooling just after noon (JJA) or later in afternoon (DJF). Furthermore, statistically significant decreases of surface radiation are modelled in accordance with the temperature decrease. The impact on the boundary layer height is small but statistically significant and decreases by 1 and 6 m in DJF and JJA respectively. We did not find any statistically significant impact on precipitation and wind speed. Regarding future emissions, the impacts are, in general, smaller as a consequence of smaller emissions, resulting in smaller urban-induced chemical perturbations.In overall, the study suggest that the non-CO2 emissions play rather a minor role in modulating regional climate over central Europe. Much more important is the direct climate impact of urban surfaces via the urban canopy meteorological effects as we showed earlier.
Seasonal variation of tropospheric bromine monoxide over the Rann of Kutch salt marsh seen from space
Authors: Hörmann Christoph , Sihler Holger , Beirle Steffen , Penning de Vries Marloes , Platt Ulrich , Wagner Thomas
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Rann of Kutch (India and Pakistan) is one of the largest salt deserts in the world. Being a so-called "seasonal salt marsh", it is regularly flooded during the Indian summer monsoon. We present 10 years of bromine monoxide (BrO) satellite observations by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over the Great and Little Rann of Kutch. OMI spectra were analysed using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and revealed recurring high BrO vertical column densities (VCDs) of up to 1.4  ×  1014 molec cm−2 during April/May, but no significantly enhanced column densities during the monsoon season (June–September). In the following winter months, the BrO VCDs are again slightly enhanced while the salty surface dries up. We investigate a possible correlation of enhanced reactive bromine concentrations with different meteorological parameters and find a strong relationship between incident UV radiation and the total BrO abundance. In contrast, the second Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument (GOME-2) shows about 4 times lower BrO VCDs over the Rann of Kutch than found by OMI and no clear seasonal cycle is observed. One reason for this finding might be the earlier local overpass time of GOME-2 compared to OMI (around 09:30 vs. 13:30 LT), as the ambient conditions significantly differ for both satellite instruments at the time of the measurements. Further possible reasons are discussed and mainly attributed to instrumental issues. OMI additionally confirms the presence of enhanced BrO concentrations over the Dead Sea valley (Israel/Jordan), as suggested by former ground-based observations. The measurements indicate that the Rann of Kutch salt marsh is probably one of the strongest natural point sources of reactive bromine compounds outside the polar regions and is therefore supposed to have a significant impact on local and regional ozone chemistry.
Technical Note: Conversion of Isoprene Hydroxy Hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) on Metal Environmental Simulation Chamber Walls
Authors: Bernhammer Anne-Kathrin , Breitenlechner Martin , Keutsch Frank N. , Hansel Armin ,   the CLOUD Team
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Sources and sinks of isoprene oxidation products from low NOx isoprene chemistry have been studied at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber with a custom-built selective reagent ion time of flight mass spectrometer (SRI-ToF-MS), which allows quantitative measurement of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). The measured concentrations of the main oxidation products were compared to chemical box model simulations based on the Leeds Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) v3.3. The modelled ISOPOOH concentrations are by a factor of 20 higher than the observed and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) concentrations are by a factor of up to 2 lower compared to observations, despite the artifact-free detection method. Addition of catalytic conversion of 1,2-ISOPOOH and 4,3-ISOPOOH to MVK and MACR on the stainless steel surface of the chamber to the chemical mechanism resolves the discrepancy between model predictions and observation. This suggests that isoprene chemistry in a metal chamber under low NOx conditions cannot be described by a pure gas phase model alone. Biases in the measurement of ISOPOOH, MVK and MACR can not only be caused intra-instrumentally but also by the general experimental setup. The work described here extends the role of heterogeneous reactions affection gas phase composition and properties from instrumental surfaces, described previously, to general experimental setups. The role of such conversion reactions on real environmental surfaces is yet to be explored.
Regional background O3 and NOx in the Houston-Galveston-
Brazoria (TX) region: A decadal-scale perspective
Authors: Suciu Loredana G. , Griffin Robert J. , Masiello Caroline A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Ozone (O3) in the lower troposphere is harmful to people and plants, particularly during summer, when photochemistry is the most active and higher temperatures favor local chemistry. Because of its dependence on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to nitrogen oxides (NOx) ratio, ground-level O3 is difficult to control locally, where many sources of these precursors contribute to its mixing ratio. In addition to local emissions, chemistry and transport, larger-scale factors also contribute to local O3 and NOx. These additional contributions (often referred to as "regional background") are not well quantified within the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) region, impeding more efficient controls on precursor emissions to achieve compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3. In this study, we estimate regional background O3 and NOx in the HGB region and quantify their decadal-scale trends. We use four different approaches based on principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify background O3 and NOx. Three of these approaches consist of independent PCA on both O3 and NOx for both 1-h and 8-h levels to compare our results with previous studies and to highlight the effect of both temporal and spatial scales. In the fourth approach, we co-varied O3, NOx and meteorology. Our results show that the estimation of regional background O3 has less inherent uncertainty when it was constrained by NOx and meteorology, yielding a statistically significant temporal trend of −0.69 ± 0.27 ppb y−1. Likewise, the estimation of regional background NOx trend constrained by O3 and meteorology was −0.04 ± 0.02 ppb y−1. Our best estimates of 17-y average of season-scale background O3 and NOx were 46.72 ± 2.08 ppb and 6.80 ± 0.13 ppb, respectively. Regional background O3 and NOx both have declined over time in the HGB region. This decline is likely caused by a combination of state of Texas controls on precursor emissions since 2007 and the increase in frequency of flow from the Gulf of Mexico over the same time period.
Precipitation-fire linkages in Indonesia (1997–2015)
Authors: Fanin Thierry , van der Werf Guido
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Over the past decades, fires have burned annually in Indonesia, yet the strength of the fire season is for a large part modulated by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The two most recent very strong El Niño years were 2015 and 1997. Both years involved high incidences of fire in Indonesia. At present, there is no consistent satellite data stream spanning the full 19-year record, thereby complicating a comparison between these two fire seasons. We have investigated how various fire and precipitation datasets can be merged to better compare the fire dynamics in 1997 and 2015 as well as intermediary years. We combined night-time active fire detections from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) World Fire Atlas (WFA) available from 1997 until 2012 and the night-time subset of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor from 2001 until now. For the overlapping period, MODIS detected about 4 times more fires than ATSR, but this ratio varied spatially. Although the reasons behind this spatial variability remain unclear, the temporal correlation for the overlapping period was high (R2 = 0.97) and allowed for a consistent time series. We then constructed a rainfall time series based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP, 1997–2015) and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Project (TRMM, 1998–2015). Relations between antecedent rainfall and fire activity were not uniform in Indonesia. In southern Sumatra and Kalimantan, we found that 120 days of rainfall accumulation had the highest correlation with annual fire intensity. In northern Sumatra, this period was only 30 days. Thresholds of 200mm and 305mm average rainfall accumulation before each active fire were identified to generate a high fire year in southern Sumatra and southern Kalimantan, respectively. The number of active fires detected in 1997 was 2.2 times higher than in 2015. Assuming the ratio between night-time and total active fires did not change, the 1997 season was thus about twice as fierce as the one in 2015. Although large, the difference is smaller than found in the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Besides different rainfall amounts and patterns, the two-fold difference between 1997 and 2015 may be attributed to a weaker El Niño and neutral IOD conditions in the later year. The fraction of fires burning in peatlands was higher in 2015 compared to 1997 (61 % and 45 %, respectively). Finally, we found that the non-linearity between rainfall and fire in Indonesia stems from longer periods without rain in extremely dry years.
Can local climate variability be explained by weather patterns? A multi-station evaluation for the Rhine basin
Authors: Murawski Aline , Bürger Gerd , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Merz Bruno
Published: October 2016

Abstract. To understand past flood changes in the Rhine catchment and in particular the role of anthropogenic climate change in extreme flows, an attribution study relying on a proper GCM (general circulation model) downscaling is needed. A downscaling based on conditioning a stochastic weather generator on weather patterns is a promising approach. This approach assumes a strong link between weather patterns and local climate, and sufficient GCM skill in reproducing weather pattern climatology. These presuppositions are unprecedentedly evaluated here using 111 years of daily climate data from 490 stations in the Rhine basin and comprehensively testing the number of classification parameters and GCM weather pattern characteristics. A classification based on a combination of mean sea level pressure, temperature, and humidity from the ERA20C reanalysis of atmospheric fields over central Europe with 40 weather types was found to be the most appropriate for stratifying six local climate variables. The corresponding skill is quite diverse though, ranging from good for radiation to poor for precipitation. Especially for the latter it was apparent that pressure fields alone cannot sufficiently stratify local variability. To test the skill of the latest generation of GCMs from the CMIP5 ensemble in reproducing the frequency, seasonality, and persistence of the derived weather patterns, output from 15 GCMs is evaluated. Most GCMs are able to capture these characteristics well, but some models showed consistent deviations in all three evaluation criteria and should be excluded from further attribution analysis.
Improved finite-source inversion through joint measurements of rotational and translational ground motions: a numerical study
Authors: Reinwald Michael , Bernauer Moritz , Igel Heiner , Donner Stefanie
Published: October 2016

Abstract. With the prospects of seismic equipment being able to measure rotational ground motions in a wide frequency and amplitude range in the near future, we engage in the question of how this type of ground motion observation can be used to solve the seismic source inverse problem. In this paper, we focus on the question of whether finite-source inversion can benefit from additional observations of rotational motion. Keeping the overall number of traces constant, we compare observations from a surface seismic network with 44 three-component translational sensors (classic seismometers) with those obtained with 22 six-component sensors (with additional three-component rotational motions). Synthetic seismograms are calculated for known finite-source properties. The corresponding inverse problem is posed in a probabilistic way using the Shannon information content to measure how the observations constrain the seismic source properties. We minimize the influence of the source receiver geometry around the fault by statistically analyzing six-component inversions with a random distribution of receivers. Since our previous results are achieved with a regular spacing of the receivers, we try to answer the question of whether the results are dependent on the spatial distribution of the receivers. The results show that with the six-component subnetworks, kinematic source inversions for source properties (such as rupture velocity, rise time, and slip amplitudes) are not only equally successful (even that would be beneficial because of the substantially reduced logistics installing half the sensors) but also statistically inversions for some source properties are almost always improved. This can be attributed to the fact that the (in particular vertical) gradient information is contained in the additional motion components. We compare these effects for strike-slip and normal-faulting type sources and confirm that the increase in inversion quality for kinematic source parameters is even higher for the normal fault. This indicates that the inversion benefits from the additional information provided by the horizontal rotation rates, i.e., information about the vertical displacement gradient.
Assessment of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice predictability in CMIP5 decadal hindcasts
Authors: Yang Chao-Yuan , Liu Jiping , Hu Yongyun , Horton Radley M. , Chen Liqi , Cheng Xiao
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This paper examines the ability of coupled global climate models to predict decadal variability of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. We analyze decadal hindcasts/predictions of 11 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Decadal hindcasts exhibit a large multi-model spread in the simulated sea ice extent, with some models deviating significantly from the observations as the predicted ice extent quickly drifts away from the initial constraint. The anomaly correlation analysis between the decadal hindcast and observed sea ice suggests that in the Arctic, for most models, the areas showing significant predictive skill become broader associated with increasing lead times. This area expansion is largely because nearly all the models are capable of predicting the observed decreasing Arctic sea ice cover. Sea ice extent in the North Pacific has better predictive skill than that in the North Atlantic (particularly at a lead time of 3–7 years), but there is a re-emerging predictive skill in the North Atlantic at a lead time of 6–8 years. In contrast to the Arctic, Antarctic sea ice decadal hindcasts do not show broad predictive skill at any timescales, and there is no obvious improvement linking the areal extent of significant predictive skill to lead time increase. This might be because nearly all the models predict a retreating Antarctic sea ice cover, opposite to the observations. For the Arctic, the predictive skill of the multi-model ensemble mean outperforms most models and the persistence prediction at longer timescales, which is not the case for the Antarctic. Overall, for the Arctic, initialized decadal hindcasts show improved predictive skill compared to uninitialized simulations, although this improvement is not present in the Antarctic.
Anclaje, dinámicas e impactos territoriales de la cadena global de cítricos dulces en el nordeste argentino
Authors: Craviotti Clara
Published: October 2016

El artículo analiza firmas insertas en circuitos globalizados de exportación de frutas frescas, así como la interfase empresas-territorios. Se focaliza en la producción argentina de cítricos dulces y particularmente en un espacio productivo, y se interesa por cómo se traduce la construcción de los circuitos globales en los espacios y actores locales. Para ello, desarrolla una tipología de empresas e indicadores de anclaje y recurre a una combinación de fuentes cuantitativas y cualitativas, con vistas a desentrañar la “caja negra” del comportamiento empresarial. Se concluye que existen diferentes grados de anclaje territorial y combinaciones variables de fijación y movilidad por parte de las empresas. La adopción de una modalidad de agricultura empresarial multilocalizada, orientada al aprovechamiento de las peculiaridades de los diferentes ambientes locales, conduce a la desarticulación de espacios en función de sus características productivas y de sus diversos contextos sociales e institucionales. De esta forma se promueve la conformación de agentes de características flexibles, transformando su reproducción en contingente.
Adaptación del sector turístico al cambio climático en España. La importancia de las acciones a escala local y en empresas turísticas
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge , Vera-Rebollo José Fernando
Published: October 2016

El 5º Informe del IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático, 2014) señala que el turismo será una de las actividades económicas que mayores efectos negativos experimentará en las próximas décadas debido al calentamiento térmico del planeta. En España, el turismo es una fuente principal de ingresos y de creación de puestos de trabajo en su economía. De ahí que sea necesaria la puesta en marcha de medidas de adaptación a la nueva realidad climática que, en nuestro país, va a suponer cambios en el confort climático de los destinos e incremento de extremos atmosféricos. Frente a los planes de adaptación al cambio climático en la actividad turística, elaborados por los gobiernos estatal y regional, que apenas se han desarrollado en España, la escala local muestra interesantes ejemplos de acciones de adaptación al cambio climático, desarrolladas tanto por los municipios (energía, transporte, vivienda, planificación urbanística) como por la propia empresa turística (hoteles, campings, apartamentos). Medidas de ahorro de agua y luz, fomento del transporte público y de las energías limpias, creación de zonas verdes urbanas y adaptación a los extremos atmosféricos destacan como acciones de mitigación del cambio climático en los destinos turísticos principales de nuestro país.
Management and financial performance of agricultural cooperatives: a case of Portuguese olive oil cooperatives
Authors: Rebelo João Fernandes , Leal Carmem Teresa , Teixeira Ânia
Published: October 2016

In Portugal, as in other countries, agricultural cooperatives have an important economic role in the food system. Similar to other economic organisations, agricultural cooperatives have witnessed structural changes in recent decades in terms of governance and/or management models. Portuguese agricultural cooperatives have been compelled by their context to adopt a traditional model of ownership and control. The main goal of this study was to analyse issues related to the management structure and financial performance of cooperatives, based on data collected for olive oil cooperatives located in the northern interior region of Portugal. Combining a qualitative analysis of structure and decision-making, a financial assessment and the application of a multi-criteria approach (PROMETHEE II), the overall results are in line with expectations (e.g. low levels of member participation, nonprofessional management, low profitability ratios, low leverage and an ability to fulfil financial commitments), except for the relationship between professional management and financial performance. The existence of professional management does not lead to better financial performance. This result reinforces the belief that cooperatives that are structured differently have different and conflicting stakeholder interests
Removal of Arsenic from Wet Scrubbing Wastewater
Authors: Ferella Francesco , Michelis Ida De , Veglio Francesco
Published: October 2016

Arsenic removal is hindered by its valence state. Addition of lime into wastewater containing arsenic gives benefits through the formation of low-soluble calcium arsenate, but the mechanism involved in the reduction of arsenic dissolution is not well known yet. Hence, in the present work different Ca/As ratios from 0 to 70% w/w were tested with the aim of finding the best conditions for removal of As from water (neutral tests) or solution (acid tests) containing sulphate ions. These solutions simulated aqueous streams coming from a wet scrubber for treatment of flue gas. Moreover, 5 g L-1 of iron chloride were tested as additive in the acid tests.

In the optimum operating conditions, nearly 99% precipitation yield was obtained for both As(III) and As(V) in less than 1 h; the optimum process conditions were 10 g L-1 of CaO without FeCl3 for As(III) and 9 g L-1 of CaO and 5 g -1 FeCl3 for As(V) in acid solutions. As regards neutral solutions, 1 g L-1 of CaO is enough to precipitate around 99% of As(III) whereas the same result for As(V) is achieved by a higher CaO concentration (40 g L-1). Iron chloride had a negative effect on As(III) precipitation.
Novel Variants of RPGR in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Families and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation
Authors: Parmeggiani Francesco , Barbaro Vanessa , Migliorati Angelo , Raffa Paolo , Nespeca Patrizia , De Nadai Katia , Del Vecchio Claudia , Palù Giorgio , Parolin Cristina , Di Iorio Enzo
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To identify novel mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator ( RPGR) gene and retinitis pigmentosa 2 ( RP2) gene underlying X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) and assess genotype-phenotype correlations.

Methods

The patient cohort, consisting of 13 individuals from 3 unrelated XLRP families, underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. The open reading frames of RPGR and RP2 were analyzed with Sanger sequencing in each patient. The identified genetic variants were defined as mutations or polymorphisms on the basis of their pathological effect.

Results

We found 3 genetic variants: a novel mutation c.1591G>T in exon 14 and a novel polymorphism c.1105C>T in exon 10, resulting in p.Glu531* and p.Arg369Cys of RPGR gene, respectively, and one already known mutation c.413A>G in exon 2, resulting in a p.Glu138Gly of RP2 gene. Considering our XLRP probands, RPGR-related phenotypic damages were similar and less severe than those of the patient with the RP2 mutation. On the other hand, the female carriers of XLRP variants showed different RPGR-related consequences, ranging from rods hypofunctionality in c.1591G>T nonsense heterozygosity to no retinal changes in c.1105C>T polymorphic heterozygosity.

Conclusions

These findings broaden the spectrum of RPGR mutations and phenotypic variability of the disease, which will be useful for genetic consultation and diagnosis in the future.
Acquired Ectropion Uveae and Secondary Glaucoma due to Trauma: Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Markovic Vujica , Vukovic Dragan , Radosavljevic Aleksandra , Marjanovic Ivan
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To investigate the possible association between acquired ectropion uveae and blunt trauma to the eye. We present 3 cases of acquired ectropion uveae that occurred after blunt trauma to the eye. There are no previously published data on possible association of these conditions.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of patients with ectropion uveae and eye injury at University Eye Hospital over a 10-year period (2006-2016). We analyzed medical records and clinical findings.

Results

Three eyes of 3 male patients with ocular trauma and ectropion uveae, ages 71, 68, and 5 years, were reviewed. The period between the eye injury and the diagnosis of ectropion uveae ranged from 10 to 36 months. All 3 eyes developed clinical evidence of secondary glaucoma with moderately to severely elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) (ranging from 29 to 48 mm Hg). Surgical treatment (trabeculectomy) was needed in 2 cases in order to control secondary glaucoma and conservative treatment was sufficient in 1 case. Mean patient follow-up was 19.3 ± 4.6 months.

Conclusions

Trauma can be considered as a cause of acquired ectropion uveae. Acquired ectropion uveae following eye trauma may be associated with significant increase in IOP. All patients in our series had secondary glaucoma and 2 of 3 required surgical treatment for IOP control.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Shreiner Andrew B. , Murray Charles , Denton Christopher , Khanna Dinesh
Published: October 2016

In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), gastrointestinal (GI)-tract involvement is almost universal. Any segment of the GI tract from mouth to anus can be involved, and GI symptoms are a frequent cause of morbidity. In severe cases, GI-tract involvement can progress to the point of malnutrition requiring parenteral nutrition. GI-tract involvement in SSc contributes to disease-related mortality although mostly as a co-morbidity rather than direct cause of death. The review is intended to help address challenges in the assessment and treatment of GI-tract involvement in SSc.
Fracture of Totally Implanted Central Venous Access Devices: A Propensity-Score-Matched Comparison of Risks for Groshong Silicone versus Polyurethane Catheters
Authors: Kojima Soichi , Hiraki Takao , Gobara Hideo , Iguchi Toshihiro , Fujiwara Hiroyasu , Matsui Yusuke , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Kanazawa Susumu
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To evaluate retrospectively the fracture risk of totally implanted venous access devices connected to Groshong silicone (SC) versus polyurethane (PU) catheters, inserted via the internal jugular vein.

Materials and methods

The study population comprised 384 SC and 221 PU central venous catheters implanted via the internal jugular vein. The presence of catheter fracture was evaluated. Variables possibly related to catheter fracture were evaluated. First, in order to determine the factors associated with fracture, fracture rates were compared with the log-rank test between the two groups divided by each of the variables. Then, in order to adjust for potential confounders, propensity-score matching of the variables was employed in the two catheter groups. Finally, the rates of fracture were compared between the two propensity-score-matched catheter groups.

Results

There were 16 cases of catheter fracture, for an overall fracture percentage of 2.6% (16/605). All 16 cases of fracture occurred in the SC catheter group. Smaller patient body mass index (p = 0.039), deeper catheter tip position (p = 0.022), and SC catheters (p = 0.019) were significantly associated with fracture. With the propensity-score-matching method, 180 cases were selected in each catheter group. Comparison of the two propensity-score-matched groups showed that fracture rates for SC catheters remained significantly (p = 0.018) higher than those for PU catheters.

Conclusions

Ports connected to Groshong SC catheters – when implanted via the internal jugular vein – posed a higher risk of fracture than did ports connected to PU catheters.