bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐Driven Topological Transformations in Prestressed Cellular Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Hang , Wang Wei‐Jie , Zhu Jun‐Zhe , Ma Li , Pasini Damiano , Zhai Wei
Published: January 2025

Stimuli‐responsive materials are able to alter their physicochemical properties, e.g., shape, color, or stiffness, upon exposure to an external trigger, e.g., heat, light, or humidity, exhibiting environmental adaptability. Their capacity to undergo shape reconfiguration, pattern transformation, and property modulation enables multifunctionality. In this work, two strategies are harnessed, i.e., prestressed assembly and temperature‐dependent stiffness reversal, to introduce a class of temperature‐responsive metamaterials capable of undergoing topological transformations, endowing them with smart functionality. Through a combination of mechanics theory, numerical simulations, and thermomechanical experiments, the physical mechanisms underlying the temperature‐triggered topological transformations leading to pattern switches are first elucidated, and then the insights are leveraged to demonstrate tunable bandgaps and robotic capturers. These findings reveal the attainment of giant negative and positive values of coefficient of thermal expansion, accompanied by isotropic expansion and shrinkage under thermal actuation within a fairly rapid timeframe, below 6 s. The strategy here presented is versatile as it relies on a pair of off‐the‐shelf 3D printable materials, can be up‐ and down‐scaled, and can also be realized through other physical stimuli, e.g., light and moisture, paving the way for use in multifunctional applications, including stimulus‐triggered morphing devices, autonomous sensors and actuators, and reconfigurable soft robots.
An Iron‐Polyphenol Decorated siRNA‐Encapsulated Nanomedicine Multifacetedly Promoted Macrophage Phagocytosis for Synergistic Ferroptosis‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Boya , Xiao Zekai , Shao Shuaiqi , Yang Mingda , Jing Houjin , Shen Song , Cao Ziyang , Yang Xianzhu
Published: January 2025

Macrophages are vital components of the innate immune system, capable of directly engulfing tumor cells. However, tumor cells can cunningly evade recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages. In light of this, an iron‐polyphenol‐decorated poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PEG‐PLGA) nanoparticle has been developed with efficient siRNA encapsulation (NPsiCD47@Fe‐TA) to trigger the ferroptosis in tumor cell and also elicit the macrophage‐mediated immunotherapy. The Fe‐TA (Tannic acid) shell of NPsiCD47@Fe‐TA induces the ferroptosis in tumor cell, which consequently produces oxygenated phosphatidylethanolamine 1‐steaoryl‐2‐15‐HpETE‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylethanolamine (SAPE‐OOH) in the cell membrane and achieve the surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT). Meanwhile, the encapsulated siCD47 of NPsiCD47@Fe‐TA efficiently down‐regulates the CD47 receptor in the tumor cell membrane. The exposure of SAPE‐OOH and CRT in the cell membrane and down‐regulation of CD47 receptor remarkably promoted the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophage and elicited the systemic anticancer immune response. Eventually, the NPsiCD47@Fe‐TA can efficiently suppress the tumor growth. Moreover, after combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody, NPsiCD47@Fe‐TA remarkably inhibits tumor progress and metastasis in the cold triple‐negative 4T1 breast cancer model.
Photocontrolled Bionic Micro‐Nano Hydrogel System used Novel Functional Strategy for Cell Delivery and Large‐Scale Corneal Repair
Authors: Zhang Mingshan , Zhang Shi‐yao , Zhang Huiqin , Liu Youwei , Dong Yipeng , Han Daobo , Chang Le , Yang Ning , Tian Jianguo , Wang Yan , Ye Qing
Published: January 2025

Reproducing the microstructure of the natural cornea remains a significant challenge in achieving the mechanical and biological functionality of artificial corneas. Therefore, the development of cascade structures that mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), achieving both macro‐stability and micro‐structure, is of critical importance. This study proposes a novel, efficient, and general photo‐functionalization strategy for modifying natural biomaterials. Collagen microfibers obtained through electrospinning are functionalized with an active N‐Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, to impart light‐curing ability. This approach expands the construction of photo‐controllable hydrogel systems beyond conventional single methacrylate (MA) modifications or di‐tyrosine bonding, enabling integration with other biomaterials for comprehensive ECM remodeling. Subsequently, the collagen microfibers are then photo‐embedded into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) via covalent crosslinking to form a fibrous hydrogel, which supports both structural and functional requirements. In terms of biological functionality, the hydrogel promotes significant inward migration and retention of human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs), replicating ECM‐like environments. Furthermore, its excellent burst resistance suggests potential as a bioadhesive. In a rabbit model, the hydrogel achieved effective repair of large‐sized (6 mm) corneal defects, facilitates epithelial migration, and maintained long‐term stability. This work provides valuable guidance for designing efficient and simplified bioactive materials for corneal repair and broader tissue engineering applications.
Ultrahigh Exchange Bias Field/Coercive Field Ratio in In Situ Formed Two‐Dimensional Magnetic Te‐Cr2O3/Cr5Te6 Heterostructures
Authors: Yi Chen , Li Zhou , Li Qiuqiu , Li Bailing , Zhang Hongmei , He Kun , Zhang Liqiang , Zhang Zucheng , Feng Ya , Liu Yingying , Liu Miaomiao , Wang Di , Li Shanhao , Tang Jingmei , Gao Peng , Zhu Manli , Wang Yanru , Wu Ruixia , Li Jia , Liu Xingqiang , Chen Shulin , Ma Chao , Liu Yuan , Wei Zhongming , Liao Lei , Li Bo , Duan Xidong
Published: January 2025

The exchange bias (EB) effect is a fundamental magnetic phenomenon, in which the exchange bias field/coercive field ratio (|HEB/HC|) can improve the stability of spintronic devices. Two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic heterostructures have the potential to construct low‐power and high‐density spintronic devices, while their typically air unstable and |HEB/HC| lesser, limiting the possibility of applications. Here, 2D Cr5Te6 nanosheets have been systematically synthesized with an in situ formed ≈2 nm‐thick Te doped Cr2O3 layer (Te‐Cr2O3) on the upper surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The strong and air stable EB effect, achieving a |HEB/HC| of up to 80% under an ultralow cooling field of 0.01 T, which is greater than that of the reported 2D magnetic heterostructures. Meanwhile, the uniformity of thickness and chemical composition of the Te‐Cr2O3 layer can be controlled by the growth conditions which are highly correlated with the EB effect of 2D Te‐Cr2O3/Cr5Te6 heterostructures. First‐principles calculations show that the Te‐Cr2O3 can provide uncompensated spins in the Cr2O3, thus forming strong spin pinning effect. The systematical investigation of the EB effect in 2D Te‐Cr2O3/Cr5Te6 heterostructures with high |HEB/HC| will open up exciting opportunities in low‐power and high‐stability 2D spintronic devices.
Monolithic Multiparameter Terahertz Nano/Microdetector Based on Plasmon Polariton Atomic Cavity
Authors: Chen Huanjun , Wang Ximiao , Liu Shaojing , Cao Zhaolong , Li Jinyang , Zhu Hongjia , Li Shangdong , Xu Ningsheng , Deng Shaozhi
Published: January 2025

Terahertz (THz) signals are crucial for ultrawideband communication and high‐resolution radar, demanding miniaturized detectors that can simultaneously measure multiple parameters such as intensity, frequency, polarization, and phase. Traditional detectors fail to meet these needs. To address this, we introduce a plasmon polariton atomic cavity (PPAC) detector based on monolayer graphene, offering a multifunctional, monolithic, and miniaturized solution. With a footprint only one‐tenth the size of the incoming wavelength, the PPAC achieves benchmark performance in intensity‐, frequency‐, and polarization‐sensitive detection. Operating at room temperature across 0.22–4.24 THz, it delivers sub‐diffraction detection resolution and high‐speed operation. Furthermore, we demonstrate its application in free‐space THz polarization‐coded communication and stealth imaging for physical property analysis. The unique design of PPAC enables strong absorption with weak signal detection, within a structure just 10−5 times the excitation wavelength in thickness, an accomplishment beyond current technologies. By simultaneously resolving intensity, frequency, and polarization, this detector can replace multiple single‐function devices, providing a compact and efficient solution for next‐generation ultrawideband communication and high‐resolution radar systems.
Electroactive Dressing with Selective Sorption of Exudate Enables Treatment of Complicated Wound
Authors: Wang Yuanbin , Ma Qian , Zheng Bingna , Xiong Wenxuan , Miao Dongtian , Li Yong , Huang Rongkang , Wang Hui , Wu Dingcai
Published: January 2025

Exudate management and cell activity enhancement are vital to complicated wound healing. However, current exudate management dressings indiscriminately remove exudate, which is detrimental to cell activity enhancement. Herein, a novel class of electroactive bilayer (cMO/PVA) dressing is developed by constructing manganese oxide nanoneedle‐clusters decorated commercial carbon cloth (MO), in situ casting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, and finally charging. Benefitting from the hierarchical nanoneedle‐cluster structure of MO, abundant active sites are sufficiently exposed to achieve high area‐specific capacitances (e.g., 1881.3 mF cm−2), thereby establishing the long‐lasting electric field for cMO/PVA dressing. Such a unique cMO/PVA dressing can realize extraordinary selective sorption toward noxious substances over nutrient substances during exudate management. Meanwhile, its long‐term electrical stimulation therapy can promote cell proliferation and migration and enhance antibacterial property. As a result, our multifunctional cMO/PVA dressing can rapidly repair full‐thickness wounds in type II diabetic rats, offering an advanced strategy for the treatment of complicated wounds.
Ultrathin Rare‐Earth Oxyhalides as High‐κ van der Waals Layered Dielectrics
Authors: Liu Zijia , Yin Lei , Peng Ximeng , Zhou Yanchang , Zhai Baoxing , Yu Yiling , Cheng Ruiqing , Wen Yao , Jiang Jian , Feng Xiaoqiang , Wang Fang , He Jun
Published: January 2025

Van der Waals (vdW) dielectrics are extensively employed to enhance the performance of 2D electronic devices. However, current vdW dielectric materials still encounter challenges such as low dielectric constant (κ) and difficulties in synthesizing high‐quality single crystals. 2D rare‐earth oxyhalides (REOXs) with exceptional electrical properties present an opportunity for the exploration of novel high‐κ dielectrics. In this study, for the first time, the synthesis of a series of van der Waals layered gadolinium oxyhalides with thicknesses down to monolayer through a space‐confined vdW epitaxy approach and demonstrating their application as a single‐crystalline gate dielectric is reported. It exhibits a remarkable relative dielectric constant exceeding 17 and an impressive breakdown field strength of 13.5 MV cm−1. The 2D transistors directly gated by the REOXs layer exhibit enhanced electron mobility and a low interface trap density. An ultrahigh on/off current ratio of 109 and a near‐Boltzmann‐limit subthreshold swing is achieved. The superior dielectric properties, combined with the universality and scalability of the production method (e.g., millimeter‐scale films are achieved), demonstrate that 2D REOXs can serve as promising gate dielectrics for 2D electronics, thereby expanding the study of high‐κ vdW materials and potentially providing new opportunities for the development of low‐power electronic devices.
Lighting the Path to Precision Healthcare: Advances and Applications of Wearable Photonic Sensors
Authors: Song Ruihao , Cho Seokjoo , Khan Shadman , Park Inkyu , Gao Wei
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in wearable photonic sensors have marked a transformative era in healthcare, enabling non‐invasive, real‐time, portable, and personalized medical monitoring. These sensors leverage the unique properties of light toward high‐performance sensing in form factors optimized for real‐world use. Their ability to offer solutions to a broad spectrum of medical challenges – from routine health monitoring to managing chronic conditions, inspires a rapidly growing translational market. This review explores the design and development of wearable photonic sensors toward various healthcare applications. The photonic sensing strategies that power these technologies are first presented, alongside a discussion of the factors that define optimal use‐cases for each approach. The means by which these mechanisms are integrated into wearable formats are then discussed, with considerations toward material selection for comfort and functionality, component fabrication, and power management. Recent developments in the space are detailed, accounting for both physical and chemical stimuli detection through various non‐invasive biofluids. Finally, a comprehensive situational overview identifies critical challenges toward translation, alongside promising solutions. Associated future outlooks detail emerging trends and mechanisms that stand to enable the integration of these technologies into mainstream healthcare practice, toward advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes.
Engineering Group VI Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Designing Various Sensors
Authors: Zhang Zherui , Wu Yichen , Xie Lingbin , Zhu Xianjun , Wang Longlu
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in sensor technology are driven by progress in materials science and increasing demands from applications such as health diagnostics. Particularly, with the push from nanotechnology and biocompatible materials, sensor technology has made significant progress. Sensor applications have been greatly enhanced by the unique properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). These high‐performance sensors not only improve the accuracy of measurements but also provide robust support for real‐time data analysis. To further demonstrate the latest advancements in sensor technology, this paper specifically introduces the recent researches of sensors based on WS2, MoS2, and their composites. Herein, the structures and the properties of TMDs are systematically described, highlighting their strong potential for advancing sensor development. Then, the recent progress of Group VI TMDs in various sensor domains, including humidity sensors, temperature sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, image sensors, and strain sensors, is further discussed. Through detailed analysis of the function and performance of Group VI TMDs in these areas, this paper aims to emphasize their advantages as sensor materials. The performance of TMDs in various sensor applications is also systematically summarized, and a glimpse into what the future holds for sensors using TMDs is offered.
Optically Pumped Ultrafast and Broadband Terahertz Modulation with Scalable Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown MoTe2/Si Heterostructures
Authors: Ghosh Suprovat , Bhattacharya Kritika , Sasmal Sujan , Bhatt Kamlesh , Kandar Santanu , Khan Biswajit , Luo Chih‐Wei , Singh Rajendra , Basu Ananjan , Das Samaresh
Published: January 2025

Despite advancements in terahertz (THz) modulators, achieving a balance between large modulation depth (MD) and fast modulation speed in scalable devices remains a significant challenge. Optically pumped THz modulators with high MD, broad bandwidth, and fast response times are essential for progress in THz technology. Here, scalable MoTe2/Si van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are grown via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as an optically pumped THz modulators, leveraging its favorable band alignment and seamless integration with silicon complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. High‐quality bilayer, 5‐layer, and 7‐layer MoTe2 films are grown on high‐resistivity silicon, with the bilayer modulator achieving a maximum 74.6% modulation depth under 355 nm illumination of 4.8 W mm−2 at 0.25 THz. The bilayer device exhibited fast rise and fall times of 1.8 and 0.6 µs, respectively, and provided broadband modulation across the 0.1 to 1.0 THz range. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that higher modulation depth significantly enhances THz imaging quality with promising applications in detecting pharmaceutical forgeries. Overall, these ultrafast, broadband THz modulators provide a promising route for advancing next‐generation THz technology, enhancing applications in wireless communication, precision detection, and high‐resolution THz imaging, fostering future innovation.
Acid‐Triggered Dual‐Functional Hydrogel Platform for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Xiao Yao , Ma Jinjin , Yuan Xiaonan , Wang Huan , Ma Fengyu , Wu Jun , Chen Qianglong , Hu Jie , Wang Lijie , Zhang Zhendong , Wang Chao , Li Jiaying , Wang Weishan , Li Bin
Published: January 2025

Stem cell implantation holds promise for enhancing bone repair, but risks of pathogen transmission and malignant cell transformation should not be ignored. Compared to stem cell implantation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells to injured sites is more critical for in situ bone regeneration. In this study, based on the acidic microenvironment of bone injury, an HG‐AA1:1‐SDF‐1α composite hydrogel with a dual‐control intelligent switch function is developed by incorporating stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF‐1α), arginine carbon dots (Arg‐CDs), and calcium ions (Ca2+) into the oxidized hyaluronic acid/gelatin methacryloyl (HG) hydrogel. The acidic microenvironment triggers the first switch (Schiff base bond is broken between HG‐AA1:1 and SDF‐1α) of HG‐AA1:1‐SDF‐1α composite hydrogel to continuously release SDF‐1α. Compared to the neutral (pH 7.4) media, the cumulative release of SDF‐1α in acidic (pH 5.5) media is ≈2.5 times higher, which enhances the migration and recruitment of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The recruited MSCs immediately initiate the second switch and metabolize Arg‐CDs into the bioactive nitric oxide (NO) in the presence of Ca2+, activating NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway to promote angiogenesis. Therefore, the engineered HG‐AA1:1‐SDF‐1α composite hydrogel shows promising potential to achieve “coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis” for bone regeneration.
Molecular Nanojunction Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wei Kuo , Liu Zhiping , Feng Guangyuan , Wang Yuanzhe , Zhang Shaofang , Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Miao , Li Heen , Zhou Junshuang , Lei Shengbin , Gao Faming
Published: January 2025

Achieving close integration and strong electronic communication between molecular catalysts and conductive substrates is crucial for developing the stability and catalytic activity of the nanomaterials. However, constructing molecular heterostructure catalyst usually need complex and demanding synthesis processes. Herein, a facile and universal “molecular nanojunction” strategy is developed to prepare molecular catalysts with high stability and catalytic activity by improving the coplanarity of the molecular nanojunction catalysts and facilitating efficient electron transfer. The density function theory (DFT) calculations and in situ characterization indicate that the molecular nanojunction catalyst reduces excessive *OH adsorption and accelerates the deprotonation process, thereby promoting oxygen generation. The “molecular nanojunction” catalyst shows better oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance than most reported molecular catalysts. What's more, the molecular nanojunction catalysts are applied in alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis cells, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance.
Otolith Increments and Elements: Assessing a Recently Discovered Population of Weather Loach
Authors: Amman Brendan R. , Gerrin Wesley L. , McNair Sarah F. , Hazelton Peter D. , Shelton James L. , Shamblin Brian M. , Hamel Martin J.
Published: January 2025

The introduction of aquatic non‐native species into novel systems may have negative impacts on native biodiversity. Introduced species can predate native species, compete for resources, transmit diseases, hybridise and degrade habitat. To minimise impacts on aquatic biota, management efforts are needed to reduce invasive species abundance. However, eradication or reduction efforts require information about the source of introductions and the biology and ecology of the organism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify population dynamics, natal origins and dispersal characteristics of the introduced Weather Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, which was recently discovered in Georgia, USA waters. Sagittal otoliths were extracted and aged to determine dynamic rate functions, and we performed microchemical analysis on a subset of otoliths to quantify dispersal and introduction events. Sampled Weather Loach consisted of a wide range of ages and lengths, indicating that natural reproduction and recruitment have been occurring for multiple years. The change in otolith microchemistry seen in some fish reveals that they have dispersed from their introduction or reproduction sites into different areas, while others have likely remained in the same system since hatching. Overall, our findings indicate that the Weather Loach populations in Georgia are disjunct, likely stemming from multiple introductions. These results will be used to develop management strategies as well as aid in the effort to continue and enhance outreach regarding the release of unwanted aquarium fish.
Current Status of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) Fisheries in Bangladesh and Implications for Future Research and Development
Authors: Alam Md. Mehedi , Haque Mohammad Mahfujul , Santi Morena , Rahman Md. Asadur , Hasan Neaz A. , Mahalder Balaram
Published: January 2025

Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) is an anadromous fish, making the single largest wild fishery in Bangladesh, supporting the livelihoods of about 2% of the population and contributing 1% to the national GDP. Several studies reported positive outcomes associated with its catch status, biology, ecology, nutritional profile, conservation and management and socio‐economic impacts. However, significant knowledge gaps exist in hilsa fisheries, particularly in the areas crucial for research and development. In this article, we conducted a systematic review of literature to identify and address the knowledge gaps, challenges and research priorities in hilsa fisheries to ensure their sustainable management and production. Recent data from the Department of Fisheries (DoF) indicate rising production of hilsa in Bangladesh, sparking debate about its accuracy. Reliable data are essential to avoid miscalculations that could lead to risk of overfishing or underfishing of this important fish. Hilsa matures at 6–12 months, lives 2–6 years, feeds primarily on phytoplankton and spawns mostly during full moon of September and October. The abundance of brood hilsa in the river systems before and after the peak breeding season suggests further research is needed to refine breeding period for sustainable production. Although recent molecular studies have mapped the complete genome of hilsa, there remains a lack of comprehensive knowledge on its biology, ecology, conservation and life cycle—the key areas for sustainable catches and domestication. Enhancing global demand for this species requires value addition, such as removing sharp pin bones in the flesh. DoF has implemented various policies and projects, including establishment of sanctuaries to protect and conserve hilsa fisheries for sustainable exploitation. However, these measures have sparked controversy due to their adverse impacts on income and livelihoods of fishermen. Addressing these challenges and knowledge gaps requires focused research and development initiatives to ensure sustainable hilsa fisheries in Bangladesh.
Untethered Autonomous Holonomic Mobile Micromanipulator for Operations in Isolated Confined Spaces
Authors: Kinoshita Ryosuke , Minegishi Rintaro , Sekine Chihiro , Tsukui Yohei , Sunohara Yuta , Nishimura Yuko , Sekiguchi Shogen , Fuchiwaki Ohmi
Published: January 2025

With increasing miniaturization of portable electronic devices, conventional positioning systems have become inefficient in terms of size and energy consumption. As workspaces shrink, the need for precise autonomous manipulation in confined and isolated environments increases, particularly in areas such as electronics and biological assemblies. Herein, an autonomous, untethered, holonomic, mobile micromanipulator driven by piezoelectric actuators with nanometer resolution is developed. The micromanipulator comprises a driving circuit, single‐board computer, battery, manipulator, and small camera; it is lightweight (515 g), compact (90 × 116 × 104 mm), and untethered, capable of independently operating in confined and dangerous spaces for humans. The micromanipulator can autonomously position a single object with a positioning error of 0.18 ± 0.51 mm and an angular deviation of −0.4° ± 1.2°, utilizing image recognition, machine learning, and visual feedback. Moreover, the micromanipulator is verified to function in extreme conditions that simulate draft chambers and clean benches, where it successfully performs circuit mounting in confined space. The device can arrange droplets under microscopy for applications in chemical and biomedical fields, demonstrating its versatility and precise positioning capabilities. Additionally, its multi‐scale applications are explored from centimeters to sub‐micrometers and adjusted to the magnification capabilities of various microscopes.
Targeted Chemical Looping Materials Discovery by an Inverse Design
Authors: Duell Brett A. , Ramazani Ali , Natesakhawat Sittichai , Popczun Eric J. , Lekse Jonathan W. , Duan Yuhua
Published: January 2025

Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) materials is actively sought for combustion of carbonaceous materials to achieve complete conversion and capture of carbon dioxide. These materials may play a vital role in reducing atmospheric carbon via negative carbon output. However, there is no one‐size‐fits‐all approach as different operating conditions and feedstocks may require different CLOU materials. As a result, the exploration and discovery of high‐performance CLOU materials can be a slow process. To address this challenge, a high‐throughput inverse machine learning workflow that identifies optimum materials from perovskite oxides for a given set of targets is developed—temperature and Gibbs free energy of oxygen formation. The model is trained on high‐throughput density functional theory calculations of CLOU materials and inverts the materials design process using a genetic algorithm to produce realistic substituted SrFeO3‐δ compositions as output. Using the inverse model, it is able to identify several interesting new families of CLOU materials: Sr1‐xAxFe1‐yByO3‐δ (e.g., A = Ca or K; B = Mg, Bi, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, or Zn). These materials have shown promising properties, and some of them even outperform the benchmark material in terms of oxygen release kinetics under relevant CLOU operating conditions.
Pharmacogenetic Testing for Predicting Methylphenidate Treatment Outcomes in Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Turkey: Focus on Carboxylesterase 1, Latrophilin‐3, and Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase
Authors: Suzer Gamli Ipek , Van Veggel Anne , Karaaslan Rabia Sevcan , Kuerec Ajla Hodzic , Marzoukah Zeina , Adak Ibrahim , Bulut Gulay , Tunc Huseyin , Hizel Candan Perry , Parlayan Cuneyd , Ekinci Ozalp , Van Schaik Ron , Akin Demet
Published: January 2025

Pharmacogenetic studies involving Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), Latrophilin‐3 (LPHN3), and Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) revealed individual differences regarding therapeutic response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. This study aimed to evaluate MPH's association with the adverse effect status in children and its relationship with CES1, LPHN3, and COMT in the Turkish population. The study included 102 children and adolescents with ADHD, who were categorized as responders, or the adverse effect group based on their treatment response. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale evaluated the presence and severity of adverse effects. Saliva sample was taken from the patients and genotype distribution of CES1 rs3815583, CES1 rs2307227, LPHN3 rs6551665, LPHN3 rs1947274, LPHN3 rs6858066, LPHN3 rs2345039, and COMT rs4680 were examined. In the adverse effect group, instances of carrying the GG genotype in CES1 rs2307227, having G vs. T genotype and GG vs. GT were significantly higher. In LPHN3 rs2345039, carrying the C genotype vs. G was associated with a serious adverse effect. In COMT rs4680, individuals with the AA or GG genotype were significantly higher in the adverse effect group. Our study suggests a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the side effect status in children receiving MPH.
Nutrition: A non‐negligible factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wen Boye , Han Xiaodong , Gong Jin , Wang Pin , Sun Wenxian , Xu Chang , Shan Aidi , Wang Xin , Luan Heya , Li Shaoqi , Li Ruina , Guo Jinxuan , Chen Runqi , Li Chuqiao , Sun Yao , Lv Sirong , Wei Cuibai
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. The strong link between nutrition and the occurrence and progression of AD pathology has been well documented. Poor nutritional status accelerates AD progress by potentially aggravating amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, exacerbating oxidative stress response, modulating the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and disrupting blood–brain barrier function. The advanced stage of AD tends to lead to malnutrition due to cognitive impairments, sensory dysfunctions, brain atrophy, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This, in turn, produces a vicious cycle between malnutrition and AD. This review discusses how nutritional factors and AD deteriorate each other from the early stage of AD to the terminal stages of AD, focusing on the potential of different levels of nutritional factors, ranging from micronutrients to diet patterns. This review provides novel insights into reducing the risk of AD, delaying its progression, and improving prognosis.

Highlights

Two‐fifths of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases worldwide have been attributed to potentially modifiable risk factors.

Up to ≈26% of community‐dwelling patients with AD are malnourished, compared to 7%∼76% of institutionalized patients.

Undernutrition effects the onset, progression, and prognosis of AD through multiple mechanisms.

Various levels of nutritional supports were confirmed to be protective factors for AD via specific mechanisms.
Exploring the role of T cells in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases: Emerging therapeutic insights from the T Cells in the Brain symposium
Authors: Elyaman Wassim , Stern Lawrence J. , Jiang Ning , Dressman Dallin , Bradley Philip , Klatzmann David , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Farber Donna L. , Kent Sally C. , Chizari Shahab , Funk Kristen , Devanand Davangere , Thakur Kiran T. , Raj Towfique , Dalahmah Osama Al , Sarkis Rani A. , Weiner Howard L. , Shneider Neil A. , Przedborski Serge
Published: January 2025

This proceedings article summarizes the inaugural “T Cells in the Brain” symposium held at Columbia University. Experts gathered to explore the role of T cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Key topics included characterization of antigen‐specific immune responses, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, microbial etiology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and microglia–T cell crosstalk, with a focus on how T cells affect neuroinflammation and AD biomarkers like amyloid beta and tau. The symposium also examined immunotherapies for AD, including the Valacyclovir Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (VALAD) trial, and two clinical trials leveraging regulatory T cell approaches for multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Additionally, single‐cell RNA/TCR sequencing of T cells and other immune cells provided insights into immune dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. This article highlights key findings from the symposium and outlines future research directions to further understand the role of T cells in neurodegeneration, offering innovative therapeutic approaches for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Highlights

Researchers gathered to discuss approaches to study T cells in brain disorders.

New technologies allow high‐throughput screening of antigen‐specific T cells.

Microbial infections can precede several serious and chronic neurological diseases.

Central and peripheral T cell responses shape neurological disease pathology.

Immunotherapy can induce regulatory T cell responses in neuroinflammatory disorders.
Antiviral effects and mechanism of Qi pi pill against influenza viruses
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Gao Jing , Dong Meiyue , Sacramento Carolina Q. , Li Ping , Lian Xiangyu , Fan Lingyuan , Rong Lijun , Du Ruikun , Tian Jingzhen , Cui Qinghua
Published: January 2025

Background

Qi pi pill (QPP), which contains Renshen, Baizhu, Fuling, Gancao, Chenpi, Shanyao, Lianzi, Shanzha, Liushenqu, Maiya, and Zexie, was recommended for preventing and treating COVID‐19 in Shandong Province (China). However, the mechanism by which QPP treats infectious diseases remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of QPP in vitro and on acute influenza infection in mice, exploring its mechanism of action against influenza A virus (IAV).

Methods

The in vitro activity of QPP was assessed using dose–response curve analysis and titer reduction assay, and its antiviral mechanism was identified in vitro by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), time‐of‐addition, and enzymatic assays. The antiviral efficacy of QPP was further evaluated in vivo using BALB/c mice infected with IAV. At the same time, each single Chinese herbal medicine in QPP was evaluated to preliminarily identify those with antiviral effects.

Results

In vitro results showed that QPP exhibited a higher potency antiviral effect against both influenza A and B viruses, inhibiting viral RNA replication and release by targeting RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase and neuraminidase. Additionally, QPP significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells. In vivo study revealed that QPP significantly reduced the lung index and viral load in lung tissue of mice infected with IAV. Renshen, Gancao, Zexie, and Lianzi were the Chinese herbal medicines from QPP that showed anti‐IAV activity.

Conclusion

The antiviral activity of QPP targets IAV replication and release, cytokine modulation in host cells, and provides protection in mice with acute influenza infection.
Straightforward Formation of Borirenes from Boroles and Dialkynes
Authors: Oliveira Pedro H. R. , Rodrigues Marieli O. , Da Silva Caren D. G. , Bohlen Josina L. , Arrowsmith Merle , Jayaraman Arumugam , Lubczyk Lukas , Fantuzzi Felipe , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: January 2025

We report a selective one‐step synthesis of perarylated borirenes by reaction of antiaromatic boroles with 1,4‐diarylbuta‐1,3‐diynes. Mechanistic studies, both experimental and computational, reveal key intermediates, including boranorbornadiene and 7‐borabicyclo[4.1.0]heptadiene species, which are all in equilibrium with each other, ultimately leading to borirene formation by migration of the boranediyl bridge from the cyclohexadiene ring to the remaining exocyclic alkyne residue.
Where Does the Proton Go? Structure and Dynamics of Hydrogen‐Bond Switching in Aminophosphine Chalcogenides
Authors: Huber Tanja , Mayer Gabriel , Kümper Manuel , Silva Wagner , Fontana Nicolò , Falk Alexander , Schreiner Simon H. F. , Gramüller Johannes , Scrimgeour Alexander , Groß Emily , Gschwind Ruth M. , Horinek Dominik , Nuernberger Patrick , Bauer Jonathan O.
Published: January 2025

Aminophosphates are the focus of research on prebiotic phosphorylation chemistry. Their bifunctional nature also makes them a powerful class of organocatalysts. However, the structural chemistry and dynamics of proton‐binding in phosphorylation and organocatalytic mechanisms are still not fully understood. Aminophosphine chalcogenides, preserving the central H2N−P+−Ch− structural motif, represent well‐suited molecular models that mimic proton‐binding, hydrogen‐bond switching and supramolecular self‐assembling behavior of catalytically and prebiotically relevant molecules. Through spectroscopic (IR, 1H DOSY, 15N NMR), molecular dynamics, and computational investigations, the dynamic proton switching capability of aminophosphate analogs was demonstrated. It was shown under which conditions the amino (NH2) or chalcogen (Ch) functions in H2N−P+−Ch− structural units are protonated. In fact, all conceivable modes of hydrogen‐bonding were identified, revealing substantial differences between the oxygen derivative and the heavier congeners. Using coordinating anions, supramolecular zigzag‐ and cube‐shaped arrangements were found in the solid‐state and in solution. After break‐up of the cube structure, the sulfides and selenides no longer form stable interactions with HCl molecules. In the absence of coordinating anions, however, protonation of the chalcogen function is preferred. In contrast to the oxygen derivative, the heavier protonated congeners show dynamic intramolecular proton‐hopping between the chalcogen and the amino function.
Evaluating the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of 3D Printed PLA/n‐HA/PA66 Composite
Authors: Guo Yonggang , Guo Zichao , Yin Zhendong
Published: January 2025

Artificial implants are necessary for orthopedic treatment and the recovery of bone and joint function in disabled individuals. However, existing materials present challenges in manufacturing complex structures and are limited in terms of mechanical and frictional properties. Current research is focused on the development of new environmentally friendly polymer composites for the manufacture of artificial implants, combined with 3D printing technology to improve design flexibility. In this study, nine kinds of PLA/n‐HA/PA66 composite scaffolds with different proportions were prepared using light‐curing 3D printing technology. The physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the composite scaffolds were compared. The results showed that the PLA/n‐HA/PA66 composite scaffold was superior to traditional polymers, with compressive strength increased by 30–40 MPa and wear resistance increased by 27%–64%. This indicates that it has wide application potential in bone tissue engineering.
High Glass Transition PEcBT and PEPecBT Copolyesters Synthesized by Direct Esterification Route
Authors: Chen Yanru , Wu Linbo
Published: January 2025

2,2,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐1,3‐cyclobutanediol (CBDO) based copolyesters like poly(cyclohexane dimethylene‐co‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethyl cyclobutylene terephthalate) (PCcBT) has high transparency, heat‐resistance and safety and has been commercialized to replace bisphenol A polycarbonate in food contact applications. However, its synthesis and processing suffer from CBDO sublimation, composition deviation and relatively poor thermal stability. In order to obtain transparent heat‐resistant CBDO‐based copolyesters with improved synthesis robustness and thermal stability, poly(ethylene co‐tetramethyl cyclobutene terephthalate (PEcBT)) copolyesters were synthesized from ethylene glycol (EG), CBDO, and terephthalic acid (TPA) via direct esterification route, and the structure–property was studied. It is found that the presence of EG effectively inhibited the sublimation of CBDO, and the resulting PEcBT copolyesters had reasonably good thermal stability so that the melt polycondensation proceeded smoothly without serious foaming. PEcBT copolyesters with intrinsic viscosity ([η]) over 0.60 dL/g were successfully synthesized at copolymer composition (ϕcBT) up to 67 mol%. A quantitative relationship between Tg and its influence factors is established. The copolyesters with ϕcBT of 48–62 mol% displayed Tg of 126°C–144°C, flexible tensile behavior, satisfactory tensile properties and reasonably good impact performance. Ternary PEPecBT copolyesters were also synthesized using 1,5‐pentanediol as another diol comonomer to improve toughness of the materials.
Toward the Automation of the 3D Robotic Coreless Filament Winding Process for High‐Performance Composite Materials With Multiple Reinforcement Levels
Authors: Mersch Johannes , Friese Danny , Le Xuan Hung
Published: January 2025

Robotic coreless filament winding (CFW) of high‐performance materials in 3D geometries presents a promising avenue for advancing lightweight and civil engineering. However, the unique challenges posed by CFW necessitate the development of novel path planning algorithms. Traditional slicing techniques, commonly used in regular 3D printing, are inadequate due to the complexities of filament winding processes and the utilization of materials with exceptional mechanical properties. In this article, we propose an innovative approach to automate 3D robotic CFW. The key focus of our work lies in overcoming the limitations of conventional algorithms and addressing the specific boundary conditions associated with diverse applications. Our method builds upon Hierholzer's algorithm that is then expanded to accommodate the intricate constraints of CFW. We achieve a comprehensive path planning framework capable of navigating complex 3D geometries while optimizing the utilization of high‐performance materials. This approach allows efficient and precise CFW, preserving the excellent mechanical properties of the materials. Furthermore, the generated path is automatically converted into a robot program. The procedure to automatically convert a designed part to an executable robot program can be used in various sectors, including aerospace, automotive, and construction industry. This facilitates the utilization of high‐performance fiber composites in lightweight engineering applications in the future.
Recovering or Still Depleted? Updated Population Assessment of Tappanaga, a Northern Local Population of Short‐Finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) off the Coast of Japan
Authors: Kanaji Yu , Maeda Hikari , Sasaki Hiroko
Published: January 2025

The northern form (often called Tappanaga type) population of short‐finned pilot whales (T‐SPW) is a local population that inhabits the Kuroshio‐Oyashio mixed water regions off northern Japan. The population has been severely depleted by past whaling. Rigorous management was first introduced in the 1980s, and whalers have voluntarily refrained from taking T‐SPW since 2007. Our primary goal is to investigate whether the T‐SPW population has recovered. We estimated recent abundances based on data from the line‐transect sighting surveys dedicated to T‐SPW. Simple population dynamics models were fitted to these and previously published estimates for 1985–2006. When a detection probability on the track line was assumed to be 1 (g(0) = 1), the estimated abundances in 2007, 2021 and 2022 were 1659 (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.79), 2634 (0.93) and 759 (0.64), respectively. The population dynamics model showed that past whaling substantially reduced abundance, and no clear tendency for population recovery was seen even after the voluntary suspension of whaling. Compared with the estimated carrying capacity, the current population size was still considered to be nearly depleted. To improve the conservation and management measures, we need more efforts to identify the causes of nonrecovery of the T‐SPW population.
Pro‐inflammatory dietary pattern and the risk of female gout: sex‐specific findings from three prospective cohort studies
Authors: Rai Sharan K. , Choi Hyon K. , Lu Na , Yokose Chio , Lin Kehuan , Lee Dong Hoon , Tabung Fred K. , McCormick Natalie
Published: January 2025

Objective

We aimed to determine whether a pro‐inflammatory dietary pattern (mechanism‐based diet) is associated with incident female gout among two large cohorts of US women.

Methods

We prospectively followed 79,104 women from Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984‐2016) and 93,454 women from NHSII (1991‐2017); 45,445 men from Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1986‐2016) served as a comparison cohort. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP; food‐based index predictive of circulating inflammatory biomarkers) scores every 4‐years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate multivariable associations between EDIP and incident, physician‐diagnosed gout. We further tested whether these associations were independent of key guideline‐based healthy eating patterns that previously showed beneficial associations with gout (i.e., Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], Alternative Health Eating Index [AHEI]).

Results

We documented 5,425 incident female gout cases over 4,372,320 person‐years. EDIP was positively associated with female gout risk; hazard ratio (HR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the most vs. least pro‐inflammatory quintile was 2.02 (1.83, 2.22). Additional adjustment for BMI attenuated this association (HR=1.71 [1.55, 1.88]). Reversing the EDIP score, women in the most anti‐inflammatory EDIP quintile had largest magnitude of protective association for gout (HR=0.58 [0.53, 0.65]) compared to HRs for healthiest DASH (0.80 [0.73, 0.87]) and AHEI quintiles (0.81 [0.74, 0.89]). The magnitude of association between EDIP and male gout was substantially smaller (HR=1.24 [1.13, 1.37]; P‐heterogeneity <0.0001).

Conclusion

These findings support a pivotal role of inflammation as a potential modulator between diet and gout onset, particularly among women.

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Tailoring the Composition of Ternary NiCoFe Layered Double Hydroxide with Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Positive Electrode Material for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Elanthamilan Elaiyappillai , Wang Sea‐Fue
Published: January 2025

This work reports a simple hydrothermal‐assisted method to prepare a high‐performance nickel cobalt iron layered double hydroxide/graphitic carbon nitride (NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4) composite for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Various spectral and analytical techniques were used to confirm the formation of NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4 composite. The NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4 composite demonstrates battery‐like SC behavior in the three‐electrode measurements. The NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4 composite has a maximum specific capacity (366 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) compared to the individual NiCoFe LDH and g‐C3N4 electrode materials. Further, the NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4 composite electrode shows 89 % capacity retention even after 8000 galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) cycles at 6 A g−1. In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) is fabricated by using NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4 composite as a positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode. The as‐fabricated NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4//AC HSC demonstrates an impressive energy density of 76.44 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 1279.9 W kg−1, along with excellent long‐term cycle stability of 83 % capacity retention even after 6000 GCD cycles at 6 A g−1. Considering its simplicity of fabrication and exceptional energy storage capabilities, the as‐fabricated NiCoFe LDH/g‐C3N4//AC hybrid supercapacitor has significant promise for practical use in the near future.