bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сверхбыстрое лазерно-индуцированное управление магнитной анизотропией наноструктур
Authors: Калашникова А.М. , Хохлов Н.Е. , Шелухин Л.А. , Щербаков А.В.
Published: October 2021

Employing short laser pulses with a duration below 100 fs for changing magnetic state of magnetically-ordered media has developed into a distinct branch of magnetism —femtomagnetism which aims at controlling magnetization at ultimately short timescales. Among plethora of femtomagnetic phenomena, there is a class related to impact of femtosecond pulses on magnetic anisotropy of materials and nanostructures which defines orientation of magnetization, magnetic resonance frequencies and spin waves propagation. We present a review of main experimental results obtained in this field. We consider basic mechanisms responsible for a laser-induced change of various anisotropy types: magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic, interfacial, shape anisotropy, and discuss specifics of these processes in magnetic metals and dielectrics. We consider several examples and describe features of magnetic anisotropy changes resulting from ultrafast laser-induced heating, impact of laser-induced dynamic and quasistatic strains and resonant excitation of electronic states. We also discuss perspectives of employing various mechanisms of laser-induced magnetic anisotropy change for enabling processes prospective for developing devices. We consider precessional magnetization switching for opto-magnetic information recording, generation of high-frequency strongly localized magnetic excitations and fields for magnetic nanotomography and hybrid magnonics, as well as controlling spin waves propagation for optically-reconfigurable magnonics. We further discuss opportunities which open up in studies of ultrafast magnetic anisotropy changes because of using short laser pulses in infrared and terahertz ranges.
Исследование быстродействия поверхностно-ионизационных детекторов
Authors: Раджабов А.Ш. , Исхакова С.С. , Усманов Д.Т.
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of the studies obtained by the method of thermal desorption spectrometry, aimed at studying the dependence of the speed of the surface ionization detector on the temperature (Te) of the emitter. For this purpose, the detector recorded the evaporation spectra of heroin, papaverine and morphine, obtained at different rates of temperature-programmed heating of substances. To study the dependence of the speed of the detectors on the emitter Te, these spectra were obtained at different emitters Te. It was revealed that with an increase in the emitter Te, the response speed of the detector increases. This increase is associated with an increase in the rates of heterogeneous processes in the adsorption layer of the emitter with increasing Te. A mathematical model was developed for this dependence, based on surface ionization of molecules under non-stationary conditions.
Расчет ядерных тормозных способностей в квазиклассическом приближении
Authors: Бабенко П.Ю. , Зиновьев А.Н.
Published: October 2021

The results of calculating nuclear stopping in the semiclassical approximation for the systems H-Be, H-C, H-W, O-C, O-Be, O-Al are presented. It was found that in the presence of a well in the interatomic interaction potential, an additional maximum appears in the dependence of the nuclear stopping on the energy of the bombarding particles. When using the universal potential without a well, this feature is absent. It is shown that by scaling the data obtained for systems with hydrogen are recalculated for collisions with the participation of hydrogen isotopes D and T. The results obtained are in good agreement with classical calculations, which is explained by the fact that large scattering angles make the main contribution to the nuclear stopping, and the applicability criterion changes to the condition: angular momentum ℓ >> 1.
Сверхширокополосная антенна для регистрации радиоизлучения в начальной фазе высоковольтного лабораторного атмосферного разряда
Authors: Байдин И.С. , Огинов А.В. , Паркевич Е.В.
Published: October 2021

A compact ultra - wideband antenna, designed for the employment in the experiments on studying radio emission generated in the initial phase of the spark discharge, is presented. A flat type of antennas based on an expanding slit (Vivaldi antenna) is considered. The simulation and calculation of the antenna parameters are carried out. The results of using the antenna in laboratory experiments are demonstrated. It is shown that the generation of the highest frequency part of the radio emission spectrum coincides with the pre-breakdown stage of the discharge, before a sharp increase in the current starts.
Измерение электронной температуры плазмы фольговым рентгеновским спектрометром, установленным на токамаках ТУМАН-3М и Глобус-М2
Authors: Воронин А.В. , Горяинов В.Ю. , Забродский В.В. , Шерстнев Е.В. , Корнев В.А. , Аруев П.Н. , Курскиев Г.С. , Жубр Н.А. , Тукачинский А.С.
Published: October 2021

Technical solution were presented for a foil spectrometer installed on the Globus-M2 and TUMAN-3M tokamaks for measuring the electron plasma temperature. Measurements have been carried out of the time dependence of the plasma temperature in the central region of tokamaks. Using of integrated photodetectors and unique beryllium foils with a thickness of 14–80 µm made it possible to increase the sensitivity of the spectrometer. An important quality of the foils used were the increased values of strength, plasticity, homogeneity, and the absence of surface and internal defects. The combined use of the spectrometer with Thomson scattering diagnostics made it possible to carry out regular temperature measurements in the Globus-M2 tokamak with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The influence of impurities is estimated on the measurement of the electron temperature of the plasma.
Диффузия кислорода в La-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-0.2-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3-delta-=/SUB=- пленках разной толщины на NdGaO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--подложках
Authors: Николаенко Ю.М. , Эфрос Н.Б. , Артемов А.Н.
Published: October 2021

The results of investigation by the indirect method of step-by-step varying the oxygen content in the series of epitaxial La0.8Sr0.2Mn3- films on single-crystal NdGaO3 substrates are presented. Using numerical simulation we have revealed that the oxygen diffusion coefficient significantly decreases along the film thickness in the direction from the outer surface to the film-substrate interface under conditions of "compressive" mechanical stresses caused by the mismatch of the in-plane crystalline parameters of the film and substrate materials. In films of d≈12—75 nm thickness, the effect is manifested in the fact that the value of the diffusion coefficient in the vicinity of the outer surface of the films also decreases significantly as the thickness of the films decreases. The questions of the applicability of the indirect method for evaluating the oxygen content in thin epitaxial films, as well as other manifestations of effects caused by mechanical stresses are discussed.
Модифицированная теория связанных волн и численный метод для анализа брэгговских зеркал с произвольным профилем показателя преломления
Authors: Мастеров Р.А. , Карпов С.Ю.
Published: October 2021

An analytical and effective numerical approach to the analysis of the optical characteristics of Bragg mirrors with an arbitrary refractive index profile is developed. Analytical expressions obtained using the modified theory of coupled waves for the coefficients of reflection / transmission of light from / through the BM with high accuracy predict its main characteristics at both low and high contrast of the refractive index. The hybrid numerical method includes the numerical calculation of the transfer matrix for one period of the knowledge base and its analytical multiplication for an arbitrary number of periods. The developed methods are applied to the analysis of the properties of practically important BMs made on the basis of sprayed pairs of Ta2O5 / SiO2 dielectrics, Group III nitrides and arsenides. The characteristics of the knowledge base with smooth (gradient) interfaces are considered in detail.
Электростимуляция дермальных фибробластов человека на электропроводящей матрице
Authors: Колбе К.А. , Шишов М.А. , Сапурина И.Ю. , Смирнова Н.В. , Кодолова-Чухонцева В.В. , Дресвянина Е.Н. , Камалов А.М. , Юдин В.Е.
Published: October 2021

Conducting composite based on biocompatible chitosan and single wall carbon nanotubes was used as a matrix for electrical stimulation of human fibroblasts. Parameters of ionic and electronic currents passing through the matrix upon applying cyclic potentials (±100 mV) were studied; the scaffold demonstrated high stability in the course of prolonged electric cycling. It was shown that preliminary electrical stimulation facilitated proliferative activity of human dermal fibroblasts in comparison to that of intact cells.
Comparison Between Male and Female Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Assault in Relation to Age at Admission to Therapy, Age of Onset, and Age at Last Sexual Assault: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: AL-Asadi Ali M
Published: October 2021

Background

Sexual abuse and sexual assault are complex phenomena that involve many factors (or correlates) and have many health and financial implications for individuals, families, and society. Every correlate needs to be studied in detail, individually and in relation to other correlates. Only with a thorough understanding of these correlates can more efficient and targeted prevention and intervention programs be designed.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between male and female survivors of sexual abuse and sexual assault regarding the correlates of the survivors’ age of onset of assault, age at the last assault, and age at which they entered therapy.

Methods

Therapists at eight sexual assault centers in the province of Alberta, Canada, completed a questionnaire on each of their clients over a period of 7 years. A total of 3302 participants, of whom 2901 (87.86%) were female and 401 (12.1%) were male survivors of sexual abuse and assault, were included in this study. Mostly descriptive analyses were carried out on the 4 variables of concern in this study.

Results

Regarding the number of survivors who sought therapy, female survivors outnumbered male survivors by a ratio of 7:1, with different ratios for different age groups. As children age, their risk of being sexually assaulted for the first time decreases. Male children are more likely to be sexually abused at a younger age, whereas female children are more vulnerable to being assaulted at all ages, particularly in adolescence. The mean age of onset of sexual abuse was found to be 6.71 (SD 2.86) years, and the odds of experiencing the first sexual assault during childhood, as opposed to adolescence, were 4:1 for females and 9:1 for males. Male survivors were two times more likely than female survivors to experience their first sexual assault in childhood. The vast majority of survivors sought help many years after being sexually assaulted, and male survivors waited an average of 3 years longer from the last sexual assault before seeking therapy.

Conclusions

The majority of survivors of sexual abuse and sexual assault live with the consequences for many years before they seek help, and a large proportion of male survivors are not likely to seek help.
Supporting Management of Noncommunicable Diseases With Mobile Health (mHealth) Apps: Experimental Study
Authors: Kela Neta , Eytam Eleanor , Katz Adi
Published: October 2021

Background

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading global health problem in this century and are the principal causes of death and health care spending worldwide. Mobile health (mHealth) apps can help manage and prevent NCDs if people are willing to use them as supportive tools. Still, many people are reluctant to adopt these technologies. Implementing new apps could result in earlier intervention for many health conditions, preventing more serious complications.

Objective

This research project aimed to test the factors that facilitate the adoption of mHealth apps by users with NCDs. We focused on determining, first, what user interface (UI) qualities and complexity levels appeal to users in evaluating mHealth apps. We also wanted to determine whether people prefer that the data collected by an mHealth app be analyzed using a physician or an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. The contribution of this work is both theoretical and practical. We examined users’ considerations when adopting mHealth apps that promote healthy lifestyles and helped them manage their NCDs. Our results can also help direct mHealth app UI designers to focus on the most appealing aspects of our findings.

Methods

A total of 347 respondents volunteered to rate 3 models of mHealth apps based on 16 items that measured instrumentality, aesthetics, and symbolism. Respondents rated each model after reading 1 of 2 different scenarios. In one scenario, a physician analyzed the data, whereas, in the other, the data were analyzed by an AI algorithm. These scenarios tested the degree of trust people placed in AI algorithms versus the “human touch” of a human physician regarding analyzing data collected by an mHealth app.

Results

As shown by the responses, the involvement of a human physician in the application had a significant effect (P<.001) on the perceived instrumentality of the simple model. The complex model with more controls was rated significantly more aesthetic when associated with a physician performing data analysis rather than an AI algorithm (P=.03).

Conclusions

Generally, when participants found a human touch in the mHealth app (connection to a human physician who they assumed would analyze their data), they judged the app more favorably. Simple models were evaluated more positively than complex ones, and aesthetics and symbolism were salient predictors of preference. These trends suggest that designers and developers of mHealth apps should keep the designs simple and pay special attention to aesthetics and symbolic value.
Effect of Door-to-Door Screening and Awareness Generation Activities in the Catchment Areas of Vision Centers on Service Use: Protocol for a Randomized Experimental Study
Authors: Sabherwal Shalinder , Chinnakaran Anand , Sood Ishaana , Garg Gaurav K , Singh Birendra P , Shukla Rajan , Reddy Priya A , Gilbert Suzanne , Bassett Ken , Murthy Gudlavalleti V S ,   Operational Research Capacity Building Study Group
Published: October 2021

Background

A vision center (VC) is a significant eye care service model to strengthen primary eye care services. VCs have been set up at the block level, covering a population of 150,000-250,000 in rural areas in North India. Inadequate use by rural communities is a major challenge to sustainability of these VCs. This not only reduces the community’s vision improvement potential but also impacts self-sustainability and limits expansion of services in rural areas. The current literature reports a lack of awareness regarding eye diseases and the need for care, social stigmas, low priority being given to eye problems, prevailing gender discrimination, cost, and dependence on caregivers as factors preventing the use of primary eye care.

Objective

Our organization is planning an awareness-cum-engagement intervention—door-to-door basic eye checkup and visual acuity screening in VCs coverage areas—to connect with the community and improve the rational use of VCs.

Methods

In this randomized, parallel-group experimental study, we will select 2 VCs each for the intervention arm and the control arm from among poor, low-performing VCs (ie, walk-in of ≤10 patients/day) in our 2 operational regions (Vrindavan, Mathura District, and Mohammadi, Kheri District) of Uttar Pradesh. Intervention will include door-to-door screening and awareness generation in 8-12 villages surrounding the VCs, and control VCs will follow existing practices of awareness generation through community activities and health talks. Data will be collected from each VC for 4 months of intervention. Primary outcomes will be an increase in the number of walk-in patients, spectacle advise and uptake, referral and uptake for cataract and specialty surgery, and operational expenses. Secondary outcomes will be uptake of refraction correction and referrals for cataract and other eye conditions. Differences in the number of walk-in patients, referrals, uptake of services, and cost involved will be analyzed.

Results

Background work involved planning of interventions and selection of VCs has been completed. Participant recruitment has begun and is currently in progress.

Conclusions

Through this study, we will analyze whether our door-to-door intervention is effective in increasing the number of visits to a VC and, thus, overall sustainability. We will also study the cost-effectiveness of this intervention to recommend its scalability.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04800718; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04800718

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/31951
Participation of Forest Encroachers in Participatory Ecosystem Restoration Program in Dangku Wildlife Reserve, Musi Banyuasin
Authors:   Student at Environmental Management, Postgraduate Program, Sriwijaya University, Padang Selasa Street Number 524, Bukit Besar, Palembang 30139, South Sumatra, Indonesia., Bahri Indra , Sriati Sriati ,   Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesian, Sarno Sarno ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesian
Published: October 2021

Land conversion and forest encroachment are one of the causes of environmental degradation, as is happening at the Dangku Wildlife Reserve in Musi Banyuasin Regency. The participatory ecosystem restoration program at Dangku Wildlife Reserve has had several positive impacts. It is necessary to analyze the influence of the level of perception on the level of participation of the forest encroachers in supporting the participatory ecosystem restoration program at Dangku Wildlife Reserve. This research is survey research with a qualitative approach that uses respondents as a sample of a population with a total sample of 118 respondents. Perception and participation scores were obtained from the classification or category of answers or opinions of respondents to the questions given by the researcher. The scoring of each answer from the respondents is obtained using a Likert scale. The results showed that although the community's perception of the program was classified as good, it was not positively proportional to the participation of the forest encroachers which was classified as moderate. One of the factors that influence this condition is that the benefits derived from the program are not in line with the expectations and needs of the forest encroacher communities.
Enhancement The Growth of Snakehead (Channa striata) with Addition of Dragon Fruit Peel Flour to The Diet
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture, Lampung State Polytechnic, Lampung, Indonesia, Rakhmawati Rakhmawati , Aprilia Tulas ,   Department of Fish Hatchery Technology, Lampung State Polytechnic, Lampung, Indonesia, Kurniawan Agung ,   Department of Fish Hatchery Technology, Lampung State Polytechnic, Lampung, Indonesia
Published: October 2021

Snakehead (Channa striata) is a fish that grows relatively slowly, but is a typical Sumatran fish with high albumin content and economic value. This makes this fish a very prospect to be developed. Meanwhile, dragon fruit peel is one of the wastes that can be used for diet raw materials and contains vitamins and minerals that have the potential to be useful for increasing growth in fish. This study aims to determine the growth performance of snakehead fed by adding dragon fruit peel flour. This study used test animals, namely snakehead fish juvenile with the size of 1.06 ± 0.02 g/fish. The experiment of fish reared in aquarium measuring of 35cm x 45cm x 90 cm, filled with water as high as 15 cm without aeration. The experiment diets consisted of 5 types, namely feed added with 0% dragon fruit flour (control); 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% of feed. Each treatment was repeated three times. Snakehead was reared for 60 days and fed three times a day on an ad satiation basis. The parameters observed in this study were the survival rate and growth performance of snakehead fish. The results showed that the survival rate between treatments was not significantly different, namely in the range of 97.76 - 100%. Meanwhile, the specific growth rate and feed efficiency of snakehead which added 2% to the diets were the highest, namely 8.66 ± 0.04%/day and 67.83 ± 2.31%/day. The conclusion of this study was the addition of dragon fruit peel flour at 2% enhanced the growth performance of snakehead.
Invitational Rhetoric and Humor: Making Audience Laugh, Inviting Them to Think
Authors: Nelson David R. , Pacheco Jr. George
Published: October 2021

Humor is a resource for discourse dealing with the taboo. Through the use of humor, comedians can practice uninhibited use of free public speech because audiences expect to laugh in these situations. This inherent expectation creates an environment where expression, objective opinions, and otherwise offensive ideas can be shared in a public space without fear of persecution or repercussion. As such, humor message creators are free to push social boundaries to create a discourse necessary to address what would be offensive. This freedom is important to this work because of how comedians approach the use of stereotypical ethnic humor. The culmination of audience expectation and openness creates an environment readily available for analysis of ethnic humor messages by researchers. Using the lens of Invitational Rhetoric, we uncover rhetorical messages embedded in the humor that work to challenge negative stereotypes about identity.
Factores asociados al síndrome climatérico en mujeres del sur de Sonora
Authors: Beltrán Salazar Alma L. , Ramírez Leyva Diego H. , Blanco Hernández Carlos R. , Garibaldi Badilla Violeta , Terrazas Zazueta Elizabeth , Citlaly Ochoa María
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados al síndrome climatérico en mujeres del sur de Sonora, México. Métodos: estudio de casos y controles, se realizó entre abril de 2019 y marzo de 2020. La muestra fue de 30 mujeres en el grupo de casos (sintomáticas) y 60 en el grupo control (asintomáticas) que cumplieron los criterios de selección; se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, clínica y familiar a través de una entrevista estructurada. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó razón de momios y χ2 de Pearson con intervalos de confianza de 95%, se consideró estadísticamente significativa una p<0.05; en el análisis multivariado se aplicó análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: los principales síntomas climatéricos fueron problemas musculares, síntomas vasomotores y alteraciones de la función sexual. La intensidad más frecuente fue severa, seguida de moderada y leve. Los factores asociados a síntomas climatéricos en el análisis bivariado y multivariado fueron estado civil (rm 10.4, p=0.03) y estilo de vida (rm 4.6, p=0.01). Conclusiones: el estado civil con pareja y llevar un estilo de vida peligroso-malo-regular son factores de riesgo que se asocian a síntomas climatéricos.
Frecuencia de signos y síntomas de asma en escolares del Valle del Yaqui
Authors: Ramírez Leyva Diego H. , Terrazas Zazueta Elizabeth , Citlaly Ochoa María , Rosas Campos Yessica F. , Estrada Leyva Jesús D.
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de signos y síntomas de asma y el estado nutricional en escolares de una unidad de atención primaria en Ciudad Obregón, México. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, se realizó entre enero y diciembre de 2020. La muestra fue de 425 escolares que cumplieron los criterios de selección. Los síntomas de asma se detectaron a través del cuestionario Diagnóstico de Asma para Estudios Epidemiológicos, el estado nutricional se evaluó mediante el índice de masa corporal. El resto de las variables se obtuvo a partir de una entrevista estructurada. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó razón de momios y χ2 de Pearson con intervalos de confianza de 95% (p<0.05). Resultados: de los 425 pacientes, 53% era de sexo femenino y 47%, masculino. Los signos y síntomas de asma más frecuentes fueron cuadros recurrentes de catarro y sibilancias. 29% de los pacientes cumplía con criterios de asma, según el cuestionario aplicado. Se encontró malnutrición en 38% de los participantes. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de síntomas de asma y malnutrición infantil fueron elevadas para la población de estudio, en comparación con otras zonas geográficas del país.
Características clínicas que influyen en la intensidad de la crisis asmática en pediatría
Authors: Cázares Ramos María Z. , Ramírez Leyva Diego H. , Citlaly Ochoa María , Medina Valentón Elizabeth , Ornelas Aguirre José M.
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: determinar las características clínicas que influyen en la intensidad de la crisis asmática en pediatría. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se estudiaron 148 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencias por crisis asmática. Se analizó la gravedad del cuadro con la escala de Wood Downes-Ferrés y se midieron variables clínicas y sociodemográficas. Resultados: los principales síntomas fueron tos, sibilancias y disnea. El 71% de los participantes no tenían tratamiento de control y 78% presentó un estado nutricional adecuado. Se encontró asociación significativa entre la exposición al humo de tabaco y la gravedad de la exacerbación asmática. Los pacientes expuestos al humo de tabaco tenían diez veces más riesgo de presentar una crisis moderada a grave (rm = 10.1, p <0.001). Conclusión: este estudio permitió identificar una baja frecuencia de tratamiento de control, la alta exposición al humo de tabaco fue un factor de riesgo para la presencia de crisis moderada a grave en nuestra población.
Calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en tratamiento con insulina
Authors: Rojas Montiel Fátima de María , Ayala Juárez María Teresa , Cuéllar Vázquez Jesús Jair , Mendoza Romo Miguel Ángel , Alemán Alvarado Christian Adrián
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en tratamiento con insulina, atendidos en una unidad de primer nivel de atención de San Luis Potosí, México. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, realizado de junio a agosto de 2019. Se seleccionaron 127 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tratados con insulina, a los que se les aplicó el instrumento Diabetes-39 para evaluar la calidad de vida. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y se ocupó la prueba χ2 de Pearson para el análisis inferencial. Resultados: de los 127 pacientes evaluados, 80% presentó buena calidad de vida y 20% tenía una mala calidad. Se observó una mejor calidad de vida en pacientes tratados con insulina nph (protamina neutra de Hagedorn). Conclusión: la calidad de vida de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tratados con insulina es, en su mayoría, buena. La prescripción de insulina además de mejorar el control metabólico trae consigo una buena calidad de vida.
Medicina Familiar durante y después de la COVID-19
Authors: Galvis Acevedo Sebastián , Suarez Orozco Leidy , Blanco Betancur Mariana , Sánchez Duque Jorge A.
Published: October 2021

La pandemia ocasionada por el virus sars-CoV-2 ha evidenciado la necesidad imperiosa de avanzar desde el modelo biomédico hacia la Medicina Centrada en el Paciente (mcp), la cual involucra un abordaje del proceso salud-enfermedad desde los determinantes sociales de la salud, el marco teórico de la sindemia y el paradigma de la Medicina Basada en la Evidencia (mbe). La integración de formación docente, administrativa, investigativa y salubrista permite al médico de familia diseñar y coordinar programas de promoción y prevención, así como sugerir cambios en las políticas de salud pública en pequeña y gran escala. Este documento busca describir la importancia de la Medicina Familiar para fortalecer la Atención Primaria en Salud (aps).
Delirium: una revisión actual
Authors: Palmero Picazo Joaquín , Lassard Rosenthal Jareth
Published: October 2021

El delirium (estado confusional agudo) es una patología de inicio súbito y fluctuante, caracterizada por desórdenes en la conciencia, disminución de la atención y función cognitiva. La fisiopatología del delirium es multifactorial, está caracterizada por la deficiencia de acetilcolina, el exceso de dopamina o por ambos mecanismos. El diagnóstico sólo puede ser realizado por la vía clínica, mediante una historia clínica y la exploración física adecuada. El tratamiento se basa en el control de la causa subyacente del delirium, que puede acompañarse con tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico. La mortalidad en un paciente con delirium es de 44%, por lo que se necesita un diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento rápido y eficiente. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Web of Science y PubMed, usando bibliografía del año 2016 al 2020. Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda: delirium, physiopathology, diagnosis, treatment. Se encontraron un total de 128 artículos. Los criterios de selección fueron: artículos originales, con referencias disponibles, de publicaciones arbitradas, con menos de cinco años de antigüedad, artículos actualizados en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento, que tuvieran un aporte relevante a esta investigación. Tras someter estos textos a los criterios de selección, se obtuvieron 32 artículos.
Paciente con síndrome doloroso abdominal
Authors: Perdigón Castañeda Gerardo Martín , Mazón Ramírez Juan José , García Cedillo Daniel Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Identifique el caso
Inclusión de la propensión al autoempleo en el proceso de emparejamiento del mercado laboral
Authors: Aguilar Barceló José G. , Acuña Garcés René A.
Published: October 2021

La literatura acerca del proceso de emparejamiento laboral suele enfocarse en las dinámicas de países desarrollados, por lo que no resulta adecuada para representar a países en vías de desarrollo, mismos que se caracterizan por la ausencia de un seguro de desempleo, y un tejido empresarial con alta proporción de autoempleados. En la presente investigación se incorpora la opción ocupacional del autoempleo en una función de emparejamientodel mercado laboral (FE) a través de un proceso de elección que utiliza modelos basados en  agentes y un indicador de “propensión a emprender”, que depende de los salarios del mercado. Se evidencia que la posibilidad deautoempleo mejora los ingresos medios de quienes optan por emplearse, al tiempo que reduce las rigideces del mercado laboral.
Discursos constitucionales y sistemas de protección social en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Maldonado Sierra Guillermo Alfonso
Published: October 2021

El discurso de los derechos ha ocupado un espacio histórico preponderante en el constitucionalismo de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), impulsado con la llegada del constitucionalismo social a la región a principios del siglo XX, la constitucionalización del derecho a partir de la década de los ochenta, y los nuevos constitucionalismos latinoamericanos del presente siglo. El derecho a la seguridad social ha sido parte de esta dinámica en la medida que cuenta con una dilatada trayectoria en su reconocimiento constitucional en los países de la región, reflejada en la creación de sistemas de seguridad social y posterior surgimiento de sistemas de protección social, todo lo cual contrasta con la situación persistente de pobreza, desigualdad y baja cobertura de los sistemas contributivos de la seguridad social en la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA) de ALC, y que la sumerge en una gran paradoja: a mayor realización de este derecho, menor es el interés de consagrarlo constitucionalmente, mientras que a menor goce efectivo del mismo, mayor es el reconocimiento constitucional que recibe, aspecto que podría catalogarse como una expresión del populismo político y normativo imperante en varios países de la región.
Reglas y principios en el derecho del trabajo. Una mirada desde el derecho del trabajo chileno
Authors: Irureta Uriarte Pedro
Published: October 2021

La reflexión sobre los principios propios del derecho del trabajo tuvo un alto desarrollo hacia mediados del siglo XX, cuestión que trajo como consecuencia una inflación de principios, abriéndose paso no sólo los de carácter jurídico, sino incluso otros claramente económicos o metajurídicos. No obstante, el principio protector es el único y gran principio de la disciplina laboral, y se plantea como un mandato de optimización destinado a que algo sea realizado en la mayor medida posible. A partir del principio protector, han surgido una serie de reglas que, en rigor, no reúnen las características propias de un principio jurídico ya que no tienen un carácter indeterminado y la mayor parte de las veces no presentan una textura abierta. Estas reglas (también denominadas principios de aplicación) no son más que derivaciones del principio protector. Lo anterior no impide que, en el derecho del trabajo, en cuanto disciplina jurídica, se apliquen asimismo los principios generales del derecho, los cuales interactúan con las reglas particulares de esta disciplina.
Reconfiguración de los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores frente al uso de la inteligencia artificial
Authors: Aguilera Durán Jesús
Published: October 2021

El uso de la tecnología avanza con paso firme y avasallador sobre las formas de trabajo que tradicionalmente se han utilizado. Con el uso de la inteligencia artificial en la mano de obra, fuentes laborales importantes se ven amenazadas y aunque se resisten al cambio, se avizora un panorama nada alentador porque la tecnología va modificando los medios de producción y desvalorizando a la persona como eje fundamental de un proceso en el cual jugaba un rol preponderante. Esta disrupción ocasiona la deshumanización de la mano de obra y, por ende, atenta contra los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores. Para mitigar los efectos que este fenómeno está ocasionando, se requiere una reconfiguración normativa sobre los derechos laborales que propicie la convivencia entre personas y robots, pero conservando la primacía de lo humano sobre lo artificial.
El desarrollo jurisprudencial del derecho a la vivienda en Bolivia. Una ruptura jurídica en ciernes
Authors: Casado Gutiérrez Fernando
Published: October 2021

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación hace un recorrido normativo y jurisprudencial en materia del derecho a la vivienda de lo ocurrido en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia desde la entrada en vigor de la Constitución Plurinacional del Estado de 2009 y el Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional (TCP). La investigación aspira a evaluar si los cambios normativos incluidos en la Constitución, considerados como contrapuestos con la visión liberal y que valoran como justiciable el derecho a la vivienda, han tenido una correlación en la práctica con la impartición de justicia a la altura de la carta magna. Para ello realizaremos un análisis de la jurisprudencia en el plano cuantitativo, del número total de decisiones emitidas por el TCP, y cualitativo al profundizar en las argumentaciones de las sentencias consideradas como emblemáticas en materia de protección y garantía del derecho a la vivienda. El trabajo irá acompañado de entrevistas, un total de ocho, realizadas a movimiento sociales, decisores políticos y personas vinculadas al TCP, para dar una visión integral sobre los avances y deudas pendientes en materia de protección al derecho a la vivienda en Bolivia.
The 37th Session of the Symposium on the Agricultural History of Eastern Europe (Voronezh, September 22–26, 2020)
Authors: Karpachev Mihail , Il'inyh Vladimir , Seleznev Yuriy , Hitrov Dmitriy
Published: October 2021

The 37th Session of the Symposium on the Agricultural History of Eastern Europe was held in Voronezh in September 2020. The participants of the session raised an academic issue of “The Rural Social Life in the 10th–21st Century: Landowners/Landlords and Farmers”. Russian and Belorussian academics introduced the latest findings related to the social evolution of landowners and farmers and their relations with the state authorities.
El Escorial – the Concept, the Image, and the Style of the Royal Residence of King Philip II
Authors: Sim Nadezhda
Published: October 2021

The paper explores the architecture of King Philip II royal residence. El Escorial monastery palace represents a system of art treasures of the Spanish Renaissance, manifested in the method of implementing the figurative absolutization of the Classical aesthetics, revealing the ideas of the magnificence of the “Roman spirit” of the Habsburg empire. By reinterpreting the legacy of the theory of architectural rules, El Escorial was the standard of classical construction in late 16th century Spain. The Christian ideas become the cement of the Empire governance. It is symbolic that the year of the completion of Trento Cathedral (1563) was also the year the construction of El Escorial had begun. The first executor of the project was the architect, philosopher, and mathematician Juan Bautista de Toledo, who studied in Rome and Naples under the masters of the Italian Renaissance. He was later replaced by Juan de Herrera, the acclaimed spokesman of the royal architectural style. The paper covers the most controversial issues: problems of the ensemble concept, their interpretations, the role of theoretical sources, biblical semantics, etc.
Treatment of resistant acral vitiligo with fractional Er:YAG laser
Authors: Al-Dhalimi Muhsin , Al-Sabak Haider , Hussain Aula
Published: October 2021

Objectives To detect the results of treatment of refractory acral vitiligo by combination of fractional erbium-YAG (Er:YAG) 2940 nm laser andnarrow band-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in comparison with NB-UVB alone.Methods Thirty four patients who had generalized, stable (6 months or more) with resistant acral vitiligo were enrolled. The predominantlyaffected limbs, lower or upper, were treated with both laser and NB-UVB, while the less predominantly affected limbs were treated withNB-UVB alone. During the treatment period, the patients were seen every 4 weeks regularly.Results The response rate in areas treated with both fractional Er:YAG laser and NB-UVB was as follows: Four patients (13.3%) had goodresponse, six patients (20%) had moderate response and seven patients (23.3%) had poor response and 13 patients (43.3%) had noresponse. The statistical analysis showed a significant response (P-value <0.001).Conclusion Combination therapy is safe and more effective in the treatment of acral vitiligo than NB-UVB monotherapy.
Model disability survey: a pilot study in the North Batinah governorate
Authors: Al-Mawali Adhra , Morsi Magdi , Al-Kharusi Hilal , Al-Shekaili Waleed , Sabariego Carla , Lee Lindsay
Published: October 2021

Objective: The continuous shift to non-communicable diseases in Oman require a more consistent inclusion of functioning and disability information in health monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Oman currently relies on the census to generate data on disability which is usually very limited in scope, and provides only rough prevalence estimates of persons with specific impairments. The lack of accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date information on disability is a major obstacle for planning services and allocating resources. Thus, there was a need to conduct a comprehensive population-based survey to fill this information gap. The pilot aimed to examine the feasibility of the Arabic version of the Model Disability Survey (MDS) in the cultural context of Oman, identify potential problems with the survey, and develop strategies to deal with them before a large national implementation is launched.Methods: The MDS is the tool recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO) to collect comprehensive data about functioning and disability to quantify both the impact of health conditions or impairments as well as the impact of the environment on disability. To determine the applicability of measuring disability, a pilot study was carried out in the North Batinah governorate of Oman with a convenience sample of 288 adults aged 18 year or older in collaboration with WHO. Results: The overall disability prevalence was estimated to be 14.6% (n=42) in the MDS pilot study calculated by determining the proportion of people in the population who experience severe performance problems. The overall results corroborated that the Arabic translation of the MDS survey tool works well in the field and is suitable for a large scale implementation, after minor revisions. Conclusion: Since the results of this pilot study in Oman show that the disability measurement survey tool has been successfully tested, we recommend that the MDS be extended and implemented nationally. It should also be integrated to existing routine household surveys to allow continuous monitoring of disability in countries.
Comparative study of the therapeutic potential of octreotide versus trimetazidine and their combination on acute pancreatitis in male rats
Authors: Al-Rekabi Sameer H. , Al-Aqooli Hassan A. , Salim Muayed S.
Published: October 2021

Objective Acute pancreatitis continues to be associated with significant rates of mortality and morbidity, and therapeutic options are stillvery limited. Various theories have been suggested regarding the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, lot of research into differentmedical treatments for the treatment of acute pancreatitis, but it is not clear what benefits each treatment has, or indeed if any medicaltreatment is beneficial apart from supportive treatment.Aim To clarify the potential therapeutic effect of octreotide, trimetazidine, and their combination in acute pancreatitis.Methods Acute pancreatitis was induced by L-arginine and treated with octreotide subcutaneously, trimetazidine intraperitoneally andcombination therapy by octreotide and trimetazidine. The rats were followed for 24 h. At the 24th hour we determined serum levels oftumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±), interleukin-1Î² (IL-1Î²), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipase, and amylase, and the pancreatic tissues wereanalyzed histopathologically.Results TNF-Î± (P < 0.001), IL-1Î² (P < 0.001), TAC (P < 0.001), lipase (P < 0.001), and amylase (P < 0.001) serum levels and scores ofhistopathological changes (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in combination group as compared with both octreotide and trimetazidinegroups.Conclusion Combination treatment markedly decreases biochemical and histopathological changes in acute pancreatitis, thus amelioratepancreatic injury in l-arginine induced acute pancreatitis.
Assessment of Quality of Life among Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Rafie Forouzan , Torabi Molook , Taheri Ali , Mellat Zahra
Published: October 2021

Objective: Head and neck cancer is a common malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. This study evaluates the quality of life of the patients undergoing treatment at the oncology center in Yazd, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 29 patients with oral and head and neck cancer that were referred to the oncology center of Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd between May 2015 and February 2016. Data were collected using the UW-QOL questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. The illness-related information was obtained from the patientsâ€™ medical records. Questionnaires were administered before the treatment and 6 months after its completion. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 21 using chi-square and ANOVA tests. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The sample consisted of 17 (58.6%) women and 12 (41.4%) men with a mean age of 40.00Â±14.30 years. The most frequent cancer location was the oral cavity and the most frequent treatment method was surgery. The mean score of quality of life before and after treatment was 12.60Â±2.81 and 11.39Â±2.63 respectively. The most important issues of the patients before and after treatment were pain and saliva respectively. Stage 3 and 4 patients had a significantly lower quality of life than stage 1 and 2 patients.
Conclusion: The study found that undergoing treatment affects some dimensions of quality of life. Hence, choosing the best treatment method with due attention to side effects and follow-up sessions is recommended.
Uterovaginal Prolapse: The Sociodemographic profile and reproductive health service uptake in A Low Resource Setting, Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Njoku Charles Obinna , Njoku Amarachukwu Nnaemezie , Efiok Efiok Eyo
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the prevalence, sociodemographic profiles, utilization of reproductive health services and delay in seeking medical care of patient with uterovaginal prolapse in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of women who presented with uterovaginal prolapse at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria between 1st May 2009 and 1st June 2019. Patients case records were retrieved and analyzed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 22.
Results: The prevalence of genital prolapse was 0.3%. The mean age and parity were 60.19 Â± 8.71 years and 6.31 Â± 2.80, respectively. The mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 3.19 Â± 2.16 years. Genital prolapse was commonest among age group 60-79 years (52.8%), parity 5-9 (66.7%), post-menopausal (97.2%), primary education (55.6%) and farmers (47.2%). Grade 3 uterovaginal prolapse was the commonest grade (58.3%). Most patients (86.1%) had symptoms of genital prolapse for less than 5 years before seeking medical treatment. The majority of patients  had no antenatal care during their pregnancies (80.6%), no skilled attendant at deliveries (86.1%) and no contraceptive use during their reproductive years (77.8%). Participants with lower parity (1-4) (p=0.03), higher educational level (pË‚ 0.001) and teachers/civil servants (p=0.043) presented earlier (less than 1 year) to the hospital.
Conclusion: There is poor utilization of reproductive health services among women who develop uterovaginal prolapse in our environment. Women with higher social status sought for help earlier. Increasing awareness of this condition and providing antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and contraceptive services will reduce the burden of this condition.
New record of Allamanda blanchetti Kunth (Apocynaceae) for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Santos Diego , Costa Swami Leitão , Costa Francisco Carlos Pinheiro
Published: October 2021

This study report the first record of Allamanda blanchetii Kunth in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. This species was collected from an upland forest in Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest. This occurrence adds new information about the distribution of this species and expands its range to Brazil, which is important for its conservation. We provide taxonomic information, distribution maps, conservation status assessment, photograps, and an identification key for the Allamanda L. species in the Atlantic Forest.