bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questão agrária e campesinato: teoria e paradigma no contexto da corrente marxista clássica
Authors: Vanzo Pedro Henrique
Published: August 2021

Qual o sentido e as tendências do desenvolvimento capitalista na agricultura, e qual o destino do camponês frente ao modo de produção capitalista? Ou ainda: quem é, afinal, o camponês? Esse artigo propõe fomentar o debate em torno desses questionamentos através da análise de como os clássicos marxistas colocaram a questão agrária e sobre o campesinato em pauta, tendo como primeira referência o próprio Marx, em seguida Lênin e Kautsky. Depois, ao trazer as contribuições de Alexander Chayanov, enquanto representante de uma corrente teórica contraposta aos marxistas clássicos, o artigo propõe evidenciar o debate que, a partir dos anos finais do século XIX, vem dominando os estudos agrários no que diz respeito as tendências da agricultura e do campesinato em relação aos processos de desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista. O trabalho se estrutura a partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre os clássicos em questão, e finaliza tecendo leituras sob a perspectiva contemporânea dos estudos agrários e rurais, em particular no contexto brasileiro. Pode servir, assim, como instrumento e bagagem teórica daquele que procura compreender como vem se estruturando a dinâmica teórica e analítica da categoria social do campesinato e as mudanças agrárias em curso num contexto de modernização capitalista.
Representatividade no relato de si e reconhecimento do outro: Transativismo e humanização multimídia transmasculina
Authors: Nascimento de Carvalho Deivid
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo tecer reflexões sobre a representatividade que pessoas transgêneras do espectro masculino possuem nas mídias. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma observação etnográfica através de mídias digitais transmasculinas e, posteriormente, houve anexo da literatura acadêmica sobre a temática. O transativismo, a representação identitária e o relato de si são, por sua vez, recursos de visibilidade para demandas sociais e políticas de pessoas transgêneras nas mídias. Deste modo, a comunicação contra-hegemônica e produção de conhecimento qualificado sobre transidentidades contribuem para sua humanização nas multimídias, sejam mídias digitais, redes sociais e internet, seja publicidade e propaganda, televisão, literatura científica e qualquer outro mecanismo linguístico. O relato de si publiciza a travessia que muitos transhomens vivenciam em suas marcas resilientes. Mediante este relato, quem o recebe tem, por outro lado, o reconhecimento destas marcas na identificação de trajetórias em comum. A representatividade, portanto, é um itinerário que possibilita indivíduos solitários e vilipendiados a seguirem uma travessia em conjunto.
Mulheres negras na formação de docentes: identidades e estratégias de resistência em uma escola pública de Curitiba-PR
Authors: De Oliveira Aline Adriana , Dos Anjos de Borba Carolina
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo discutimos os resultados de pesquisa realizada entre 2018 e 2019 com alunas de uma turma do curso de formação de docentes em uma escola pública de Curitiba - PR. O objetivo era buscar uma aproximação entre a formação escolar e a construção de identidades negras, ou seja, compreender como “raça” enquanto temática foi mobilizada no cotidiano escolar, tal qual a maneira como emerge em narrativas identitárias formuladas pelas alunas. O recorte proposto procura compreender como estudantes que se veem como negras articulam suas identidades no espaço da escola, compreendendo tais identidades numa perspectiva que as entende como sendo negociadas e marcadas pelas diversas posições que os sujeitos ocupam. Através de etnografia, entrevistas semiestruturadas e um questionário de autoidentificação de raça-cor utilizado com a turma, os resultados sugerem a manutenção de formas diversas de racismos que se transmutam num sentimento difuso de “incapacidade” e falta de amparo em relação às estudantes que se autodeclaram negras, bem como a carência de abertura para o tema da história e cultura afro-brasileira nos currículos. Por fim, percebe-se como dos conflitos surgem estratégias de resistências, sobretudo para aquelas mulheres que se veem como negras e militantes e passam a reivindicar suas demandas na instituição escolar.
UPAYA PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) MELALUI UNDANG-UNDANG
Authors: Yuniarti Nita
Published: August 2021

The general nature of man is basically inclined towards goodness, but this tendency can change due to three factors. First, when you see an opportunity to do bad things. Second, when there is an unbearable basic need. Third, there is desire that is out of control. So controlling the three factors that cause humans to do bad things must be strived for, so that humans always tend to goodness. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002, Concerning Child Protection, is one of the state's efforts to block human opportunities to commit crimes in the form of violence in their household. This paper uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data collection technique is observation through literature study. The problem in this research is the hope of reducing domestic violence behavior after the enactment of the PKDRT Law, but the facts show different things. The results of the study prove that the graph of domestic violence after the enactment of this law is still increasing.
REVISI DAN UJI PEMBELAJARAN DESAIN INSTRUKSIONAL DIKLAT JARAK JAUH ONLINE PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS DI BALAI DIKAT KEAGAMAAN JAKARTA
Authors: Suryadi Asip
Published: August 2021

This study aims to develop instructional system of Classroom Action Research Online Distance Training at BDK Jakarta. This development research uses the Borg, Borg and Gall models. This research is a part of the research and development series, namely the product revision step and the use test. The revised results a simpler curriculum structure and learning activities. Furthermore, the instructional design was tested to 80 participants and data showed that training participants were no longer trapped at the beginning of the program and could continue to follow the program easily, resulting in an increase in the percentage of graduation from before the revision was only 24% after the revision to 71.42%. However, instructional improvements have not been able to improve retention. This study recommends continuing instructional designs development so that the instructional design can improve both the percentage of graduation and retention.
EVALUASI FORMATIF DESAIN INSTRUKSIONAL DIKLAT JARAK JAUH PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Suryadi Asip
Published: August 2021

Classroom Action Research Online Training is one of Online Training (Diklat Jarak Jauh) organized by Jakarta Religion Training Office (BDK Jakarta). The training still has some weaknesses including low graduation rate (63.4%) and academic learning outcomes (68.5%). It needs evaluation to formulate some revision in its instructional system. One of the important component should be evaluated is instructional design. This study explains formative evaluation results of the instructional design. The study was conducted to answer three questions, 1) Is the teaching material in accordance with the participants' wishes? 2). Is teaching material presented using the right strategy so that it is easy to learn? 3). Has the tutor service met the expectations of participants? The results of the study are expected to formulate recommendations for revision. Formative evaluations are conducted within the framework of Dick and Carey's instructional development model focuses on field trials level. The data was collected through surveys using ELL, activity logs, tutor records and recordings of participant’s conversations on social media. Survey results are processed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data processed using content analysis. The research concluded that teaching materials and teaching strategies are low scored. Based on the conclusion, it is recommended to change the structure curriculum to ensure that the teaching materials are more detailed, implement more diverse learning strategies and apply Web 3.0 as a base to determine media in accordance with the learning style of the digital community.
PENGGUNAAN KARTU “MATCH GAME FOR BILOKS” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEAKTIFAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X IPA2 MAN 10 JAKARTA
Authors: Dwi Asworo Yuliana
Published: August 2021

Sulitnya siswa mengingat maupun memahami materi tentang bilangan oksidasi (biloks) dan tata nama senyawa ion maupun senyawa kovalen membuat guru berfikir keras bagaimana caranya membuat kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas berlangsung menyenangkan dan berkesan agar materi pembelajaran diingat siswa. Salah satu cara agar kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas menjadi “hidup” adalah penggunaan media pembelajaran. Banyak media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat kegiatan belajar lebih seru dan tidak membosankan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis  berinovasi membuat media pembelajaran untuk menunjang kegiatan pembelajaran yang disebut  Match Game for Biloks. Media ini diterapkan pada bab redoks materi biloks dan Tata Nama senyawa di pelajaran kimia kelas X semester 2 serta bisa juga untuk merefresh ingatan siswa kelas XII semester 1 sebelum masuk materi Redoks. Game ini terinspirasi dari permainan domino, dimana setiap pemain harus memasangkan kartu yang ia punya dengan kartu sebelumnya. Perbedaan media ini dengan permainan domino, satu kartu bisa dipasangkan dengan banyak kartu yang lain dengan biloks yang sama dan siswa harus menyebutkan terlebih dahulu nama unsur bebas atau molekul senyawa atau molekul ion kartu tersebut sehingga kelebihannya siswa dapat menghitung biloks dan megetahui nama unsur/senyawa kimia. Pembuatan media ini dengan cara menentukan 60 rumus molekul unsur/senyawa/ion beserta namanya dan biloks unsur yang akan ditanyakan diberikan warna beda dalam rumus molekulnya, setelah itu  membuat kartu “match game”. Setelah media ini selesai, dilakukan Match games dalam kelompok dan setiap kelompok sudah ada 1 asisten guru (siswa ahli) yang memegang kunci jawaban dari media match games yang dimilikinya untuk mengoreksi jawaban teman-temannya. Games ini menggunakan aturan tertentu dengan membagikan 30 domino ke 5 siswa, sehingga pemenang siswa adalah yang telah habis terlebih dahulu dan mendapatkan skor tertinggi.
Assessing knowledge and engagement on sustainable development goals: exploratory research in the agri-food departments of Ibero-American universities
Authors: Guerrero Ana , Gómez-Quintero Juan D.
Published: August 2021

Aim of study: To offer an overview of current knowledge and civic engagement in the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) applied to agriculture sector.Area of study: Members of university communities from agri-food field departments at universities from three Ibero-American countries (Spain, Colombia and Brazil).Material and methods: 631 on line surveys from different Ibero-American faculties of the area. Descriptive, quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. The level of knowledge and engagement of SDGs related to agriculture sector as Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) were investigated.Main results: The level of knowledge about the SDG Agenda, the priority rating for the implementation of each goal and the level of engagement varied significantly between countries. While Spain obtained the highest values in most of the variables relating to knowledge of the SDGs, followed by Brazil, Colombia showed the highest levels of engagement and willingness to apply specific actions in the agri-food sector to promote the implementation of the SDGs.Research highlights: The knowledge and engagement must be improved if we are to achieve the SDGs, and education and research play a vital role in bridging the SDG implementation gap in agri-food field. In the area the best-known SDG strategies are those related to sustainable farming systems and the least-known are the concept of 'degrowth' as a possible efficient strategy, 'permaculture' and 'local production and consumption'. Big differences exist between countries in terms of public knowledge and engagement with SDGs.
Real-Time Classification of Hand Motions Using Electromyography Collected from Minimal Electrodes for Robotic Control
Authors: Byfield Richard Scott , Weng Richard , Miller Morgan , Xie Yunchao , Su Jheng-Wun , Lin Jian
Published: August 2021

In recent years, advances in human robot interaction (HRI) has shown massive potential for universal control of robots. Among them, electromyography (EMG) signals generated by motions of muscles have been identified as an important and useful source. Powered by recently emerged machine learning algorithms, real-time classification has been proved applicable to control robots. However, collecting EMG signals with minimum number of electrodes for real-time classification and robotic control is still a challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate that twenty five robotic commands in a robotic arm can be controlled in real time by using the EMG signals collected from only two pairs of active surface electrodes on each forearm of human subjects. To achieve this task, a variety of tested ML models for this classification were tested. Among them, the Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB) achieved an accuracy of >96%. This unprecedented level of classification accuracy of the EMG signals collected from the least number of active electrodes suggest that by combination of optimized electrode configuration and a suitable ML model, the capability of robotic control can be maximized.
A Comparative Study of Distance Teaching in Elementary Schools Between China and the United States Under COVID-19
Authors: Niu Cuiping
Published: August 2021

The outbreak and quick spread of COVID-19 quickly shut down almost all educational institutions in different parts the world by mid-March, 2020, presenting severe challenges to educators all over the world. The paper investigated the teaching situation of elementary schools in China and the United States during the epidemic period. The results show that the common challenges faced by the two countries in distance education are: 1) Elementary school students are young and have poor self-control ability, which requires close supervision and cooperation from parents; 2) Teachers’ information technology level is limited, lack of network teaching ability. There are some problems in Distance Education in American elementary schools, such as parents can’t urge students to study at home, digital technology inequality, low online attendance rate and so on, which further exposed the unfair problems in education. The problem of distance learning in elementary schools in China is that the learning resources are mainly subject knowledge, and the ability and methods of teachers to serve students’ autonomous learning are insufficient. American distance learning experience is to make full use of the rich network learning resources and professional distance teaching platform, and pay attention to the cultivation of students’ network autonomous learning ability. China’s distance teaching experience is to give play to the advantages of centralized management, organize famous teachers to record high quality courses, establish the Air Classroom platform, and provide high-quality classroom teaching resources. Therefore, basic education institutions in both countries should strengthen the training of teachers’ distance learning ability, improve the information-based teaching environment, learn from the experiences of both sides, and explore an effective mode of integrating online and offline education resources, so as to meet the challenges of basic education in the post epidemic era.
Зүүн Хойт Азийн нүүрсний эрэлт ба нийлүүлэлт
Authors: В Энхболд
Published: August 2021

Дэлхий дахинаа нүүрсний эрэлт 2035 он хүртэлхи хугацаанд их байх төлөвтэй. Дэлхийн нийт нүүрсний олборлолтын 53%, коксжих нүүрс олборлолтын 60% нь ЗХА-ийн бүс нутагт ноогдож байна. Хэдийгээр ЗХА-ийн бүс нутаг нүүрсний олборлолтоор дэлхийд давамгайлж байгаа ч тус бус нутгийн Хятад, Япон, Өмнөд Солонгос зэрэг оронд нуүрсний хэрэгцээ их, цаашид ч өсөх хандлагатай байна. Монгол Улс нүүрсний арвин нөөцтэй ба нүүрсний экспорт нэмэгдэж байна. ОХУ-ын хувьд эрчим хүчний шинэ стратегийн дагуу оросын нүүрсний экспорт алгуур алс дорнод тийш ЗХА-ийн зах зээлд чиглэж байна. Өнөөдөр Орос-Хятадын нүүрсний салбарын хамтын ажиллагаа улам бүр нягтарч байгаа, мөн ОХУ-ын засгийн газар Сибирь дэх нүүрсний ордуудаа ашиглах зорилт тавьсан зэрэг нь ОХУ ойрын ирээдүйд Хятад болон ЗХА-ийн зах зээлд гол нүүрс нийлүүлэгч байх магадлалтай. Улмаарнөөц баялаг болон газар зүйн ойр дөт байршил зэргээс хамаарч Монгол, ОХУ-нь ЗХА-ийн зах зээлд нүүрс экспортлогчид төдийгүй гол өрсөлдөгчид байх төлөв ажиглагдаж байна.

 

Northeast Asia’s Coal Demand and Supply

The world coal consumption has a tendency to grow till 2035 according to the surveys conducted by international research institutions. As per 2011, the North East Asia (NEA) region represents 53 percent of the world total coal production and 60 percent of the coking coal. Even though NEA dominates in the world coal production, the region’s countries like China, Japan and South Korea are in greater demand of coal imports and outlook shows that their consumption will be growing in forthcoming years. 

Mongolia has an enormous coal resources and its export volume is increasing year to year. As per new energy strategy, Russia’s coal export is gradually moving towards Far-east aiming the NEA market. Current strong developments of Russia-China coal cooperation, and Russia’s recent decision to develop resource-rich Siberian coal deposits once again proved that Russia can become coal exporter to the NEA in near future. Accordingly, NEA region’s countries like Mongolia and Russia can be not only potential coal suppliers, but also export key competitors in the region’s coal market due to their resources and proximity.
Analysis of SIS-SI Stochastic Model with CTMC on the Spread of Malaria Disease
Authors: Syams Niswah Yanfa Nabilah , Sumarno Hadi , Sianturi Paian
Published: August 2021

Various mathematical models have been developed to describe the transmission of malaria disease. The purpose of this study was to modify an existing mathematical model of malaria disease by using a CTMC stochastic model. The investigation focused on the transition probability, the basic reproduction number (R0), the outbreak probability, the expected time required to reach a disease-free equilibrium, and the quasi-stationary probability distribution. The population system will experience disease outbreak if R0>1, whereas an outbreak will not occur in the population system if R0≤1. The probability that a mosquito bites an infectious human is denoted as k, while θ is associated with human immunity. Based on the numerical analysis conducted, k and θ have high a contribution to the distribution of malaria disease. This conclusion is based on their impact on the outbreak probability and the expected time required to reach a disease-free equilibrium.
Estimating Harvestable Solar Energy from Atmospheric Pressure Using Deep Learning
Authors: Paterova Tereza , Prauzek Michal
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on applying a deep learning approach to predict daily total solar energy for the next day by a neural network. Predicting future solar irradiance is an important topic in the renewable energy generation field to improve the performance and stability of the system. The forecast is used as a support parameter to control the operation duty-cycle, data collection or communication activities at energy-independent energy harvesting embedded devices. The prediction is based on previous hourly-measured atmospheric pressure values. For prediction, a back-propagation algorithm in combination with deep learning methods is used for multilayer network training. The ability of the proposed system to estimate the daily solar energy is compared to the support vector regression model and to the evolutionary-fuzzy prediction scheme presented in previous research studies. It is concluded that the presented neural network approach gave satisfying predictions in early spring, autumn, and winter. In a particular setting, the proposed solution provides better results than a model using the support vector regression method (e.g., the MAPE value of the proposed algorithm is 0.032 less than the MAPE value of support vector regression method). The time and computational complexity for neural network training is considerable, and therefore it was assumed to train the network on an external computer or a cloud, where only the network parameters have been obtained and transferred to the embedded devices.
Reactive Power Support in Radial Distribution Network Using Mine Blast Algorithm
Authors: Shahzad Mohsin , Shafiullah Qazi , Akram Waseem , Arif Muhammad , Ullah Barkat
Published: August 2021

The passive power distribution networks are prone to imperfect voltage profile and higher power losses, especially at the far end of long feeders. The capacitor placement is studied in this article using a novel Mine Blast Algorithm (MBA). The voltage profile improvement and reduction in the net annual cost are also considered along with minimizing the power loss. The optimization problem is formulated and solved in two steps. Firstly, the Voltage Stability Index (VSI) is used to rank the nodes for placement of the capacitors. Secondly, from the priority list of nodes in the previous step, the MBA is utilized to provide the optimal location and sizes of the capacitors ensuring loss minimization, voltage profile improvement, and reduced net annual cost. Finally, the results are tested on 33 and 69 radial node systems in MATLAB. The results for the considered variables are presented which show a significant improvement in active and reactive power loss reduction and voltage profile with lesser reactive power injection.
Comparing the Effects of Low Dose of Ketamine, Tramadol, and Ondansetron in Prevention of Post Spinal Anesthesia Shivering in Cesarean Section
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Jouryabi Ali , Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , Mansour Ghanaie Mandana , Sedighinejad Abbas , Imantalab Vali , Rafiee Sorouri Zahra , Biazar Gelareh , Zohari Nobijari Tahereh
Published: August 2021

Background: Shivering frequently occurs in cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia (SA), resulting in several complications. To date, pethidine has been considered as the gold standard for post-SA shivering control, but it is contraindicated in breastfeeding women. Methods: This randomized, double-blind study was conducted at Alzahra hospital in Guilan, Iran, From January 2019 to November 2020. A total of 508 eligible term parturient women were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups of low dose ketamine (K), tramadol (T), ondansetron (O), and placebo (P). The incidence and severity of shivering and patients’ complications were recorded and compared among the groups. Results: The patients were homogenous in terms of demographic variables. Shivering was witnessed in 68 (53.5%), 26 (20.5%), 75 (59.1%), and 82 (64.6%) patients in K, T, O, and P groups, respectively (P = 0.0001). Regarding shivering severity, there was a significant difference among the four groups (P = 0.0001). In addition, a significant difference was seen regarding Apgar scores at the first minute, but not at the fifth minute (P = 0.168). Conclusions: Considering the high incidence of shivering in placebo group, prophylactic intervention in CS under SA seems to be necessary. Among the studied drugs, tramadol was the most effective one, followed by a low dose of ketamine and ondansetron.
The Expression and Function of Nitric Oxide Synthase Enzyme in Atorvastatin Effects on Morphine-Induced Dependence in Mice
Authors: Hassanipour Mahsa , Rahimi Nastaran , Rajai Nazanin , Amini-Khoei Hossein , Ejtemaei Mehr Shahram , Momeny Majid , Heidari Mansour , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2021

Background: Atorvastatin exerts neuroprotective effects on the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Morphine analgesic tolerance and dependence remain as major concerns in medicine. Nitric oxide (NO) pathway mediates the development of opioid analgesic tolerance and dependence, as well as atorvastatin neuroprotection. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the possible involvement of the NO/cGMP pathway in the process of the effects of atorvastatin on morphine physical dependence. Methods: Dependence was induced by repetitive injection of morphine sulfate. Naloxone was injected at the dose of 4 mg/kg on the last day of the experiment to assess withdrawal signs. Animals received atorvastatin (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, orally). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and ODQ were injected before protective dose of atorvastatin. The gene expression of NOS isoforms was evaluated by real-time PCR. Thereafter, the hippocampal levels of cGMP and nitrite were measured. Results: Treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg/kg significantly attenuated naloxone-induced withdrawal behaviours. The administration of L-NAME, aminoguanidine, and ODQ before atorvastatin enhanced its effects. The treatment with atorvastatin significantly decreased the nitrite and cGMP levels as well as NOS gene expression in the hippocampus of dependent animals. Conclusions: It can be concluded that atorvastatin, possibly, through inducible NOS, could alleviate morphine dependence and withdrawal signs.
Simultaneous Effect of Resistance Training and Alpha Lipoic Acid on Beclin-1 Expression and Malondialdehyde Level of Fatty Liver Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Jafary Nia Fatemeh , Yazdanparast Chaharmahali Bahareh , Nameni Farah
Published: August 2021

Background: Autophagy is a genetically and evolutionarily conserved programmed process that destroys long-lived cellular proteins and organelles. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of strength training with alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on Becline-1 and malondialdehyde concentrations in elderly diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (healthy control, diabetic, diabetic + strength training, diabetic + supplement, diabetic + strength training + supplement). At first, the rats became diabetic and had fatty liver. Then strength training program was performed in eight weeks. Alpha-lipoic acid supplement was also injected three days a week. At the end of the training period, tissues were removed, and the expression of Becline-1 was measured by RT-PCR, and malondialdehyde concentration was measured by TBA laboratory method. For data analysis, a one-way analysis variance test was used for between-groups comparison (P < 0.05). Results: The results showed that strength training program and in combination with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation significantly reduced Becline-1 (P = 0.001) and malondialdehyde compared to the healthy and diabetic control groups (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Strength exercise combined with ALA supplementation has a significant role in reducing the rate of autophagy and can reduce fatty liver in elderly type 2 diabetic rats.
Assessment of Anticoagulation Control Association with Warfarin Knowledge and Demographic Features of Iranian Population
Authors: Zangenehfar Mohammad Esmaeel , Harirforoosh Iman , Mohebbi Bahram , Khajali Zahra
Published: August 2021

Background: Warfarin is the most commonly used oral anticoagulant for patients with atrial fibrillation, prosthetic heart valves, and deep vein thrombosis with a narrow therapeutic index. Due to the importance of patients’ adherence to treatment and also regular measurements of International normalized ratio (INR), this can have a significant impact on the quality of anticoagulation control. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to assess the association between warfarin knowledge and time in therapeutic range (TTR) in patients on warfarin anticoagulation for at least 6 months who were referred to anticoagulation clinic in Rajaie Heart Center during 2016 - 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 620 patients who had been referred to the outpatient Rajaie Hospital anticoagulant clinic and had been taking warfarin for over six months were asked to fill two questionnaires named anticoagulation knowledge assessment (AKA) during a 12-week period. After obtaining the necessary permits, TTR (by Rosendal method) was calculated using the INR results of patients. Results: A total of 620 patients completed the questionnaire. The relation between warfarin knowledge and anticoagulation control was not significant. The mean age of the study population was 52.45 SD ± 14.01 years. This study showed a significant relationship between TTR, duration of warfarin usage (PV = 0.03) and the underlying cause of this usage (PV = 0.016). Conclusions: Prevention of chronic diseases is one of the most important priorities of the health care systems. Reduction in complications such as thrombosis and bleeding can be achieved by efforts to promote patient’s knowledge. By recognition of relation between warfarin knowledge and social and demographic indicators, patient’s education gap can be detected and also planned for dissolving. This study showed that although many of the patients visited in anticoagulation clinic have poor anticoagulation control, but a major part of them have good knowledge of warfarin usage.
The Relationship Between Nutritional Status Based on Subjective Global Assessment and Dialysis Adequacy
Authors: Afaghi Effat , Tayebi Ali , Sajadi Seyedeh Azam , Ebadi Abbas
Published: August 2021

Background: Malnutrition is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis and leads to a decrease in dialysis adequacy. The evaluation of dialysis adequacy is very important. Objectives: This study was done to investigate the relationship between patients’ nutrition status based on Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and their dialysis adequacy. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. Three hundred qualified patients were selected by cluster sampling. Before the dialysis session, measurement of height and weight and blood sampling for albumin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) assessment were performed. After the dialysis session, measurement of weight and second sampling for BUN were done. SGA forms were filled by patients. Patients’ dialysis adequacy was calculated based on the DaugirdasII formula, and data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: From 300 patients, 128 cases (42.7%) had normal nutrition status, while 148 cases (49.3%) had mild to moderate malnutrition and 24 cases (8%) had severe malnutrition with mean dialysis adequacy of 1.07. The present study showed a significant statistical relationship between malnutrition and education (P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.03), albumin (P < 0.001), TIBC (P < 0.001), and dialysis adequacy (P < 0.001). Gender, age, and dialysis duration showed no significant relationship with nutrition status based on the SGA index. Conclusions: The findings showed a high relative frequency of malnutrition and a decrease in patients’ dialysis adequacy, which emphasize the patient’s educational level, proper management of nutrition along with regular consultations by nutritionists, better implementation of the dialysis procedure, and regular follow-up of dialysis adequacy.
Stage-Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis Among Iranian Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients; Evaluation of Cotrimoxazole as a Preventive Therapy
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Esteghamati Abdoulreza , Khanaliha Khadijeh , Sayyahfar Shirin , Orang Elahe , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Garshasbi Saba , Salemi Borna
Published: August 2021

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The parasite transmission may be occurred from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient by organ transplantation. Objectives: In this study, a nested PCR was carried out using different primers targeting the B1, SAG4, and MAG1 genes to assess Toxoplasma infection in pediatric heart transplantation at Shahid Rajaei Heart Center in Tehran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 46 pediatric heart transplant patients aged 1 - 17 years referring to Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center from 2018 - 2019. All patients were on oral administration of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). Blood samples were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation using the Ficoll gradient method was performed. DNA was extracted from PBMC, and nested PCR was carried out. Serologic tests were performed using ELISA to determine IgG and IgM anti - Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Results: The results of serologic tests showed that all 46 patients had negative anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. Furthermore, 6 (13.05%) and 3 (6.5 %) out of the 46 patients were positive for IgG T. gondii antibody before and after transplantation, respectively. All 46 patients were evaluated using PCR using B1, MAG-1, and SAG-4 genes, and PCR results were negative. Conclusions: In general, due to the negative results of Toxoplasma with PCR using B1 and bradyzoite-specific genes (SAG-4 and MAG-1), it is possible that the results obtained in this study are because of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole.
Outcomes of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine lung neoplasms: typical versus atypical carcinoids
Authors: Tanaka Hugo , Corassa Marcelo Petrocchi , Freitas Helano , Barros Milton , Riechelmann Rachel
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Well-differentiated neuroendocrine pulmonary tumours (NETp) are morphologically classified as typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC). There are limited data on systemic treatment for metastatic disease. Objective: Our study evaluated the median progression-free survival of patients with metastatic tumours, comparing TC and AC status for different treatments. Methods: Retrospective series of patients with metastatic NETp treated from 2002 to 2019 in a large cancer centre were analysed. Our primary endpoint was progression-free survival according to morphological classification (TC vs. AC). All patients received at least one treatment modality (e.g., somatostatin analogue [SSA], chemotherapy [ChP], and everolimus [Eve]). Variables were analysed using the chi-square test, median progression-free survival (mPFS) rates (months), with comparisons evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: Twenty-seven patients were included: 44% with TC and 56% with AC. TC patients were on average 58-years-old, 83.3% were female, and 33.3% received more than one treatment. AC patients were on average 61-years-old, 66.7% were female, and 20% received more than one treatment. All patients were treated more frequently with SSA (TC: 75% vs. AC: 80%, p=0.756). Cisplatin and etoposide were the most frequent ChP regimen (TC: 75% vs. AC: 30%, p=0.248). Patients with TC and AC treated with SSA had higher mPFS in months (TC mPFS SSA: 14.5, Eve: 2.50, ChP: 4.0, SSA + Eve: 4.50; AC mPFS SSA: 7.50, Eve: 4.50, ChP: 7.50, SSA + Eve: 7.00). Conclusion: Although the statistical analyses did not show a significant difference between treatment, numerically, more patients with TC or AC experienced tumor control with SSAs, where the mPFS pairs showed a possible tendency to differentiate themselves from the other regimes (Eve and ChP).
Spontaneous Atypical Intracerebral Hematoma in a Patient with Metastatic Colon Cancer using Bevacizumab without Central Nervous System Metastases
Authors: Silva Guilherme Gago da , Pizzol Antonio Dal , Santos Alexei Peter dos , Britz João Pedro Einsfeld , Worm Paulo Valdeci
Published: August 2021

We report a case of a patient with metastatic colon cancer without central nervous system metastases who presented with a spontaneous intraparenchymal hematoma using bevacizumab, without coagulation disorders or metastatic cells in the pathological examination. Bevacizumab is a

monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that inhibits binding of the normal VEGF ligand to its receptor and is used to treat various tumors. Its therapeutic effect is believed to occur by limiting the formation of new blood vessels in tumors and decreasing their oxygenation. Fatal cerebrovascular events have been reported with the use of bevacizumab, raising the discussion of the safety of its use, especially in patients with brain metastases. At present, controversial remains as to bevacizumab increases the risk of cerebrovascular events.
Immune and targeted therapy for cancer: time to rethink restrictions for the treatment of the elderly and frail
Authors: Beal Juliana Rodrigues , Schvartsman Gustavo , Munhoz Rodrigo Ramella , Karnakis Theodora , Kaliks Rafael Aliosha
Published: August 2021

Targeted and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment. They safely substitute for traditional chemotherapy in a significant and growing number of malignancies. In this article, we review the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved targeted and immunotherapies, currently used in oncology and compare their safety and efficacy in young versus geriatric and frail sub-population. The results suggest an overall comparable, if not superior efficacy in several tumor types, with acceptable toxicities across the board compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy and a favorable analysis in the comparison to the results observed in the younger population. The very decision to place elderly patients on exclusive palliative care can no longer be supported based on age or frailty alone. The historical concept of medical oncologists leaning for palliative treatments for these patients needs to be revisited.
First Brazilian consensus on the management of localized and locally advanced urothelial bladder cancer: a SBU-SBOC-SBRT-LACOG-GU panel review
Authors: Nogueira Lucas , Carvalho Icaro Thiago de , Adamy Ary , Chade Daher , Piovesan Luis Felipe , Favaretto Ricardo , Borges Allisson Bruno Barcelos , Accioly Arthur , Bastos Diogo Assed , Rosa Diogo Augusto Rodrigues da , Maluf Fernando C , Soares Andrey
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma, especially localized bladder cancer, has a substantial prevalence in Brazil with 9,480 new cases each year and 3,903 deaths, therefore progress is required in its management in order to decrease its recurrence and progression, and improve survival. Material and Methods: Medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and urologists from Brazil conducted a meeting to vote the best approaches available in this country in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localized and locally advanced urothelial bladder carcinoma. The panel drew up 73 questions and answers were chosen considering the feasibility according to the access to drugs and the procedures used in this country. Each answer reaching 75% of voters was considered a consensus. The results of this consensus were compared with evidence published in the medical literature and rated with a level of evidence and grade of recommendation using the Oxford classification. Results: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors confirms the diagnosis of and provides initial treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Repeated resection is necessary in selected cases and should not delay further treatment. The use of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is performed according to risk stratification, showing a significant reduction in tumor recurrence and progression, and improved disease-specific survival in intermediate- and high-risk patients. Radical cystectomy should be considered for high-progression risk cases after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment failure and for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion:  Management of urothelial carcinoma often requires a multidisciplinary team with surgical and clinical approaches, based on the expertise of professionals and evidence from the literature.
La imagen del guanaco: análisis del uso del espacio a partir del arte rupestre presente en la cuenca del lago General Carrera/Buenos Aires, Patagonia Central, Chile
Authors: Cordero Fernández Rosario , Muñoz Soto Camila , Artigas San Carlos Diego , Fernández Donoso Francisca
Published: August 2021

Los estudios relacionados con el arte rupestre de la región de Aysén, Patagonia Central, Chile, se han enfocado en los valles de los ríos Ibáñez y Jeinimeni. Actualmente sólo se cuenta con dataciones absolutas en algunos sitios del río Ibáñez, las cuales en asociación con los tipos de motivos presentes en el arte rupestre de ambas áreas y la secuencia estilística planteada en Patagonia Centro-Meridional, han permitido una cronología que va desde 6.000 años AP, hasta la llegada de los colonos. Dentro de los diseños reconocidos destacan las representaciones de guanacos (Lama guanicoe), en diversas formas y tamaños. A partir de este tipo de motivo identificado en cuatro sitios del valle del río Ibáñez y tres en Jeinimeni, este trabajo intenta abordar la posible diferenciación en cuanto a la forma de ocupar el espacio geográfico por parte de los grupos cazadores recolectores que habitaron ambas áreas, basándose en la morfología, disposición y emplazamiento de estas representaciones.
A step towards an optimum PSV hull form
Authors: Van Diepen Peter , Titman Ross A. , Belko Mark
Published: August 2021

This paper outlines the first phase of a comprehensive optimization study of the hull form of conventional Platform Supply Vessel. Using computational fluid dynamics software to test resistance on sixteen different hull form combinations at different speeds and trims, an analysis of different well known forms was performed. This comparison allowed the identification of the advantages of specific bow, stern and midbody forms over others in vessels of this type.
Concept Exploration Methods for the Small Surface Combatant
Authors: Garner Matt , Doerry Norbert , MacKenna Adrian , Pearce Frank , Bassler Chris , Hannapel Shari , McCauley Peter
Published: August 2021

In 2014, the Small Surface Combatant Task Force completed an innovative study on alternate proposals to procure a capable and lethal small surface combatant. Modified Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) concepts, new design concepts, and existing design concepts were examined. This paper describes the set-based design approach employed to conduct this study.
The application of Structural Reliability Analysis on hull girder ultimate strength of bulk carriers-a trial on Safety Level Approach
Authors: Zhang Daokun , Tang Wenyong
Published: August 2021

The International Maritime Organization is developing the Goal Based Standard, in which the Safety Level Approach(SLA) is one of the two parallel ways forward focusing on deriving explicit and reasonable safety level. During the development of Safety Level Approach, the Structural Reliability Analysis(SRA) is recognized as one of the useful tools. The application of SRA on the calibration of partial safety factors for hull girder ultimate strength is so far a typical illustration, which could be very helpful for the application of Safety Level Approach on the structural Rules in the future. China Classification Society (CCS) carries out a trial analysis with co-operation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Reduction of Drillship’s Moonpool Drag during Transit
Authors: Son Hye , Pak Kyung , Kim Suhyung , Kim Booki
Published: August 2021

Due to unrestricted ocean operations of a drillship, the importance of its transit speed is increasing in the viewpoint of reducing the downtime of offshore operations to a minimum. The open moonpool in a drillship induces additional drag when the ship is in transit. As an unfavorable moonpool design may cause the excessive drag, various ways to reduce the drag have been studied in theoretical and experimental methods. In this paper, an efficient way to reduce the drag due to moonpool and consequently increase the transit speed has been proposed. The reduction of moonpool drag has been focused as the moonpool drag is around 30% of total resistance of the drillship. A simple and efficient shape to mitigate excessive water motion inside the moonpool during drillship's transit is developed and verified through a series of model tests at SSMB (Samsung Ship Model Basin). Based on the observation during the model tests, it is found that a remarkable drag reduction can be achieved by the devised moonpool shape. Thus, it is concluded that more economical operation of a drillship such as the lower fuel consumption and increase of working time can be expected.
Tolerance Analysis and Diagnosis Model of Compliant Block Assembly Considering Welding Deformation
Authors: Lee Junghyun , Choi Wooyoung , Kang Minseok , Chung Hyun
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a simplified tolerance analysis and diagnosis model including the effects of welding distortion, for accuracy control in ship block assembly processes. The variation simulation model for tolerance analysis utilizes the concepts of the sources of variation and the compliant mechanical assembly model to include the welding distortions. The proposed model utilizes welding distortion patterns and a transformation matrix to efficiently model the deformation during the joining process. The diagnosis model assumes the multi-stage assemblies and that the variations of previous stages are propagated to the current stage. It calculates the sensitivity; a linear mapping from input parts to output assembly variations, and includes the effects of welding distortion as an additional vector that deviates the assembly variation further. The diagnosis model predicts the quantitative effect of each source of variations to the final assembly’s geometrical variation, based on normal equation and assembly stage’s state space equation model. The proposed model is applied to a realistic block assembly process for validation purpose. The model can effectively simulate the propagation of welding distortion as well as quantitatively identify variation patterns and welding processes throughout the multi-stage assembly process.
The Analysis of Ice Induced Propulsion Shafting Torsional Vibration: Case Studies and Perspectives
Authors: Batrak Yuriy , Batrak Roman , Berin Dmytro , Mikhno Andriy
Published: August 2021

Since January 2011, when calculations of shafting transient torsional vibrations caused by ice impacts became mandatory, numerous modeling-based analyses have been carried out for the ice class ships. However, their number is still not sufficient to learn from the experience and draw general conclusions about the shafting response in ice conditions. The major reasons of this could be summarized as follows. First of all, lack of an effective and physically meaningful tool for the prediction of transient vibrations makes the analysis rather difficult. Secondly, some simplifying assumptions about the response of the propulsion system in ice conditions are to be made because the consideration and addressing the complex nature of a propulsion system in practical design are impossible for many reasons. Third of all, various underlying uncertainties in the input data put a shaft designer in situation when he needs to make a choice. This paper is an attempt to make some contributions to the presentation and analysis of the propulsion shafting torsional vibration induced by propeller-ice interaction. Two practical examples: one - for a polar class ship with direct coupled diesel engine and another one - for the case of a geared propulsion unit are considered. Some uncertainties in analysis of the induced ice-related torques are considered and assessed.