bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satisfying medical and rehabilitation needs positively influences returning to work after a work-related injury: an analysis of national panel data from 2018 to 2019
Authors: Bae Suk Won , Lee Min-Yong , Park Shin Who , Lee Gangpyo , Leigh Ja-Ho
Published: November 2021

Background

This study examined how meeting the medical needs of injured workers after initial treatment may affect their return to work, using data from the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance.

Methods

This study was designed as a longitudinal study, which used data from the second-year, follow-up survey conducted in the secondary cohort of the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were estimated through binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine the effects of unmet medical needs on workers’ return to original work and return to work overall (including reemployment).

Results

The returned to original work OR of workers whose rehabilitation needs were met was 1.35 (1.12–1.63) while the return to work OR was 1.20 (1.03–1.41). The returned to original work OR of workers whose medical needs were met was 1.64 (1.18–2.27) while the return to work OR was 1.39 (1.07–1.80). In terms of disability rating, the return to work ORs of workers with mild disabilities whose medical/rehabilitation needs were not met and those of workers without disabilities were 1.71 (1.17–2.49) and 1.97 (1.27–3.08), respectively. In the case of regular/temporary workers, the returned-to-work ORs of workers whose medical/rehabilitation needs were not met were 1.54 (1.12–2.13) and 1.27 (1.03–1.56), respectively.

Conclusions

For workers who sustained work-related injuries, providing medical accessibility and meeting rehabilitation needs were found to be important predictors of return to work after initial treatment.
Tweeting about twenty: an analysis of interest, public sentiments and opinion about 20mph speed restrictions in two UK cities
Authors: Semwal Tushar , Milton Karen , Jepson Ruth , Kelly Michael P.
Published: November 2021

Background

Twenty miles per hour (20mph) speed limits (equivalent to roughly 30kmh) have become part of public health policies to reduce urban road collisions and casualties, especially in Western countries. Public opinion plays a crucial role in opposition to and acceptance of policies that are advocated for improving public health. Twenty miles per hour speed limit policies were implemented in Edinburgh and Belfast from 2016 to 2018. In this paper, we extract public opinion and sentiments expressed about the new 20mph speed limits in those cities using publicly available Twitter data.

Methods

We analysed public sentiments from Twitter data and classified the public comments in plain English into the categories ‘positive’, ‘neutral’, and ‘negative’. We also explored the frequency and sources of the tweets.

Results

The total volume of tweets was higher for Edinburgh than for Belfast, but the volume of tweets followed a similar pattern, peaking around 2016, which is when the schemes were implemented. Overall, the tone of the tweets was positive or neutral towards the implementation of the speed limit policies. This finding was surprising as there is a perception among policymakers that there would have been public backlash against these sorts of policy changes. The commonly used hashtags focused largely on road safety and other potential benefits, for example to air pollution.

Conclusions

Overall, public attitudes towards the policies were positive, thus policymakers should be less anxious about potential public backlash when considering the scale-up of 20mph speed restrictions.
Molecular characterization of NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from hospitalized patients in Iran
Authors: Shahin Mojtaba , Ahmadi Ali
Published: November 2021

Background

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important challenges in a healthcare setting. The aim of this study is double-locus sequence typing (DLST) typing of blaNDM-1 positive P. aeruginosa isolates.

Methods

Twenty-nine blaNDM-1 positive isolates were collected during three years of study from different cities in Iran. Modified hodge test (MHT), double-disk synergy test (DDST) and double-disk potentiation test (DDPT) was performed for detection of carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing blaNDM-1 positive P. aeruginosa isolates. The antibiotic resistance genes were considered by PCR method. Clonal relationship of blaNDM-1 positive was also characterized using DLST method.

Results

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed that all isolates were resistant to imipenem and ertapenem. DDST and DDPT revealed that 15/29 (51.8%) and 26 (89.7%) of blaNDM-1 positive isolates were MBL producing isolates, respectively. The presence of blaOXA-10,blaVIM-2, blaIMP-1 and blaSPM genes were detected in 86.2%, 41.4%, 34.5% and 3.5% isolates, respectively. DLST typing results revealed the main cluster were DLST 25-11 with 13 infected or colonized patients.

Conclusions

The presence of blaNDM-1 gene with other MBLs encoding genes in P. aeruginosa is a potential challenge in the treatment of microorganism infections. DLST showed partial diversity among 29 blaNDM-1 positive isolates.
Carnosine quenches the reactive carbonyl acrolein in the central nervous system and attenuates autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Spaas Jan , Franssen Wouter M. A. , Keytsman Charly , Blancquaert Laura , Vanmierlo Tim , Bogie Jeroen , Broux Bieke , Hellings Niels , van Horssen Jack , Posa Dheeraj Kumar , Hoetker David , Baba Shahid P. , Derave Wim , Eijnde Bert O.
Published: November 2021

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by sustained inflammation in the central nervous system. One of the pathological hallmarks of MS is extensive free radical production. However, the subsequent generation, potential pathological role, and detoxification of different lipid peroxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species during neuroinflammation are unclear, as are the therapeutic benefits of carbonyl quenchers. Here, we investigated the reactive carbonyl acrolein and (the therapeutic effect of) acrolein quenching by carnosine during neuroinflammation.

Methods

The abundance and localization of acrolein was investigated in inflammatory lesions of MS patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. In addition, we analysed carnosine levels and acrolein quenching by endogenous and exogenous carnosine in EAE. Finally, the therapeutic effect of exogenous carnosine was assessed in vivo (EAE) and in vitro (primary mouse microglia, macrophages, astrocytes).

Results

Acrolein was substantially increased in inflammatory lesions of MS patients and EAE mice. Levels of the dipeptide carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), an endogenous carbonyl quencher particularly reactive towards acrolein, and the carnosine-acrolein adduct (carnosine-propanal) were ~ twofold lower within EAE spinal cord tissue. Oral carnosine treatment augmented spinal cord carnosine levels (up to > tenfold), increased carnosine-acrolein quenching, reduced acrolein-protein adduct formation, suppressed inflammatory activity, and alleviated clinical disease severity in EAE. In vivo and in vitro studies indicate that pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages generate acrolein, which can be efficiently quenched by increasing carnosine availability, resulting in suppressed inflammatory activity. Other properties of carnosine (antioxidant, nitric oxide scavenging) may also contribute to the therapeutic effects.

Conclusions

Our results identify carbonyl (particularly acrolein) quenching by carnosine as a therapeutic strategy to counter inflammation and macromolecular damage in MS.
The balance between AIM2-associated inflammation and autophagy: the role of CHMP2A in brain injury after cardiac arrest
Authors: Shao Rongjiao , Wang Xintao , Xu Tianhua , Xia Yiyang , Cui Derong
Published: November 2021

Background

Activation of the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome and impaired autophagosome clearance in neurons contribute significantly to cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation (CA-ROSC) injury, while the mechanism by which the AIM2 inflammasome is regulated and relationship between the processes remain poorly understood. Recently, charged multivesicular body protein 2A (CHMP2A), a subunit of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), was shown to regulate phagophore closure, and its depletion led to the accumulation of autophagosomes and induced cell death. Here, we investigated whether CHMP2A-mediated autophagy was an underlying mechanism of AIM2-associated inflammation after CA-ROSC and explored the potential link between the AIM2 inflammasome and autophagy under ischemic conditions.

Methods

AIM2 inflammasome activation and autophagic flux in the cortex were assessed in the CA-ROSC rat model. We injected LV-Vector or LV-CHMP2A virus into the motor cortex with stereotaxic coordinates and divided the rats into four groups: Sham, CA, CA+LV-Vector, and CA+LV-CHMP2A. Neurologic deficit scores (NDSs), balance beam tests, histopathological injury of the brain, and expression of the AIM2 inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed.

Results

AIM2 inflammasome activation and increased interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 release were concurrent with reduced levels of CHMP2A-induced autophagy in CA-ROSC rat neurons. In addition, silencing CHMP2A resulted in autophagosome accumulation and decreased autophagic degradation of the AIM2 inflammasome. In parallel, a reduction in AIM2 contributed to autophagy activation and mitigated oxygen–glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-Rep)-induced inflammation. Notably, CHMP2A overexpression in the cortex hindered neuroinflammation, protected against ischemic brain damage, and improved neurologic outcomes after CA.

Conclusions

Our results support a potential link between autophagy and AIM2 signaling, and targeting CHMP2A may provide new insights into neuroinflammation in the early phase during CA-ROSC.
Photobiomodulation inhibits the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk after spinal cord injury in male rats
Authors: Wang Xuankang , Li Xin , Zuo Xiaoshuang , Liang Zhuowen , Ding Tan , Li Kun , Ma Yangguang , Li Penghui , Zhu Zhijie , Ju Cheng , Zhang Zhihao , Song Zhiwen , Quan Huilin , Zhang Jiawei , Hu Xueyu , Wang Zhe
Published: November 2021

Background

Neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes begin to activate and participate in pathological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI), subsequently causing severe secondary damage and affecting tissue repair. We have previously reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) can promote functional recovery by reducing neuroinflammation after SCI, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PBM ameliorates neuroinflammation by modulating the activation of microglia and astrocytes after SCI.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham control group, an SCI + vehicle group and an SCI + PBM group. PBM was performed for two consecutive weeks after clip-compression SCI models were established. The activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, the level of tissue apoptosis, the number of motor neurons and the recovery of motor function were evaluated at different days post-injury (1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury, dpi). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling were regarded as potential targets by which PBM affected neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes. In in vitro experiments, primary microglia and astrocytes were irradiated with PBM and cotreated with cucurbitacin I (a JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibitor), an adenovirus (shRNA-Lcn2) and recombinant Lcn2 protein.

Results

PBM promoted the recovery of motor function, inhibited the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, alleviated neuroinflammation and tissue apoptosis, and increased the number of neurons retained after SCI. The upregulation of Lcn2 and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway after SCI were suppressed by PBM. In vitro experiments also showed that Lcn2 and JAK2-STAT3 were mutually promoted and that PBM interfered with this interaction, inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes.

Conclusion

Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk is involved in the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes after SCI, and this process can be suppressed by PBM.
Hyaluronic acid hydrogel encapsulated BMP-14-modified ADSCs accelerate cartilage defect repair in rabbits
Authors: Liu Hao , Rui Yongjun , Liu Jun , Gao Fandong , Jin Yesheng
Published: November 2021

Background

Cartilage defect has a limited capacity to heal. In this context, we hypothesized that hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel encapsulated BMP-14-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) could accelerate cartilage defect repair in rabbits.

Methods

ADSCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. ADSCs were treated with adenovirus vector encoding BMP-14 (Ad-BMP-14) or adenovirus vector encoding control (Ad-ctrl). Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot assay was performed to verify the transfection efficacy and chondrogenic differentiation markers (ACAN, Collagen II and SOX9). Rabbit cartilage defect model was performed and randomly divided into following groups: control group, HA hydrogel + ADSCs, ADSCs, HA hydrogel + Lv-ctrl-ADSCs, HA hydrogel + BMP-14 transfected ADSCs. At 6, 9 and 12 weeks after surgery, scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin–eosin, Safranin-O/Fast Green and immunohistochemical staining for Collagen II were performed to determine the role of HA hydrogel encapsulated BMP-14-modified ADSCs in cartilage repair in vivo.

Results

ADSCs were successfully isolated and positively expressed CD29, CD44 and CD90. Transfection efficacy of Ad-BMP-14 was verified by RT-PCR and western blot assay. Moreover, Ad-BMP-14 could significantly increased chondrogenic differentiation markers (ACAN, Collagen II and SOX9). The LV-BMP-14-ADSCs and HA hydrogel + LV-BMP-14-ADSCs groups revealed smoother surface cartilage repair that was level with the surrounding cartilage and almost complete border integration.

Conclusions

HA hydrogel encapsulated BMP-14-modified ADSCs accelerate cartilage defect repair in rabbits. We need to further validate the specific mechanism of action of HA hydrogel encapsulated LV-BMP-14-ADSCs involved in the repairing cartilage damage in vivo.
Parkinson's in the bone
Authors: Xiong Lei , Pan Jin-Xiu , Guo Hao-han , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng
Published: November 2021

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit systemic deficits, including arthritis and osteoporosis-like symptoms. However, the questions, how the deficits in periphery organs or tissues occur in PD patients, and what are the relationship (s) of the periphery tissue deficits with the brain pathology (e.g., dopamine neuron loss), are at the beginning stage to be investigated. Notice that both PD and osteoporosis are the products of a complex interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors. Genetic mutations in numerous genes have been identified in patients either with recessive or autosomal dominant PD. Most of these PD risk genes are ubiquitously expressed; and many of them are involved in regulation of bone metabolism. Here, we review the functions of the PD risk genes in regulating bone remodeling and homeostasis. The knowledge gaps in our understanding of the bone-to-brain axis in PD development are also outlined.
The protective effect of Jangkanghwan (Korean traditional food) on lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption of the colonic epithelial barrier
Authors: Long Xingyao , Kim Yong-kyu , Yu Ting , Yi Ruokun , Zhao Xin , Park Kun-young
Published: November 2021

Jangkanghwan (JKH) is a Korean traditional food that is a mixture of food ingredients and traditional Korean medicine ingredients, and it has been observed to produce satisfactory anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. In the current study, JKH was administered by gavage to BALB/C mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colonic epithelial dysfunction, and mouse body weight and food intake were recorded. Indexes such as colonic paracellular permeability, serum inflammatory cytokines, and bacterial translocation were used to comprehensively evaluate the regulatory effect of JKH on mouse colonic epithelial function, and qPCR and Western blot were also used to analyze the expression of tight junction (TJ)-related genes, such as occludin, claudin, zonula occludens (ZOs) proteins, and junction adhesion molecules (JAM) in the colonic epithelial tissue. The experimental results indicated that JKH relieved the edema of the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node tissues, and reduced the loss of appetite and diarrhea caused by LPS injection in mice. It increased the amount of mice food intake from 3.7 g/day in the LPS group to 4.7 g per day; the water content in the feces of mice in the JKH group was 13.86% less than that in the LPS group. JKH reduced the inflammatory response in mice caused by LPS, protected the integrity of the colon, the permeability of fluorescent macromolecules was one-fourth of the LPS group, and enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of TJ-related proteins in colon tissue. Our findings highlight that JKH has benefits in intestinal health and relieving systemic inflammation, relevant aspects of its use as a functional food.
Enhancement on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brightwell blueberry by extraction and purification
Authors: Liu Haonan , Wu Han , Wang Ying , Wang Fan , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Jianzhong
Published: November 2021

A blueberry anthocyanin extract was obtained from Brightwell blueberry fruits cultivated in eastern China and the extraction and purification conditions were optimized. The components of the anthocyanin extract were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometer. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the blueberry fruit supernatant (BFS), blueberry anthocyanin crude extract (BCE), and blueberry anthocyanin rich extract (BRE) were evaluated. The extraction yield was 1.79 ± 0.0014 mg/g under the following optimal conditions: 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio (v/w), 24 h, 34 °C, and 90% ethanol containing 0.21% (v/v) hydrochloric acid. With regard to purification, anthocyanin purity increased 19.1-fold. Nine fractions were identified as the glycosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The biological activities of the blueberry anthocyanin extract were improved through extraction and purification. Compared with BFS and BCE, BRE had a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 0.51 mg/mL), ABTS antioxidant capacity (EC50 = 0.32 mg/mL), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (0.43 mmol Trolox/g). Furthermore, BRE (2 mg/mL) showed a maximum of 84.64 ± 0.35% reduction in the biofilm biomass of Listeria monocytogenes and the inhibition zone given by BRE against Escherichia coli was 16.04 ± 0.38 mm. BRE showed the highest antioxidant capacities and obvious antibacterial effects against food-related microorganisms than the other samples. Therefore, BRE can be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent and has potential health advantages and food industry applications.
Metabolic engineering strategies for de novo biosynthesis of sterols and steroids in yeast
Authors: Gu Yuehao , Jiao Xue , Ye Lidan , Yu Hongwei
Published: November 2021

Steroidal compounds are of great interest in the pharmaceutical field, with steroidal drugs as the second largest category of medicine in the world. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have enabled de novo biosynthesis of sterols and steroids in yeast, which is a green and safe production route for these valuable steroidal compounds. In this review, we summarize the metabolic engineering strategies developed and employed for improving the de novo biosynthesis of sterols and steroids in yeast based on the regulation mechanisms, and introduce the recent progresses in de novo synthesis of some typical sterols and steroids in yeast. The remaining challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
Classifying the tracing difficulty of 3D neuron image blocks based on deep learning
Authors: Yang Bin , Huang Jiajin , Wu Gaowei , Yang Jian
Published: November 2021

Quickly and accurately tracing neuronal morphologies in large-scale volumetric microscopy data is a very challenging task. Most automatic algorithms for tracing multi-neuron in a whole brain are designed under the Ultra-Tracer framework, which begins the tracing of a neuron from its soma and traces all signals via a block-by-block strategy. Some neuron image blocks are easy for tracing and their automatic reconstructions are very accurate, and some others are difficult and their automatic reconstructions are inaccurate or incomplete. The former are called low Tracing Difficulty Blocks (low-TDBs), while the latter are called high Tracing Difficulty Blocks (high-TDBs). We design a model named 3D-SSM to classify the tracing difficulty of 3D neuron image blocks, which is based on 3D Residual neural Network (3D-ResNet), Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) and Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM). 3D-SSM contains three modules: Structure Feature Extraction (SFE), Sequence Information Extraction (SIE) and Model Fusion (MF). SFE utilizes a 3D-ResNet and a FCNN to extract two kinds of features in 3D image blocks and their corresponding automatic reconstruction blocks. SIE uses two LSTMs to learn sequence information hidden in 3D image blocks. MF adopts a concatenation operation and a FCNN to combine outputs from SIE. 3D-SSM can be used as a stop condition of an automatic tracing algorithm in the Ultra-Tracer framework. With its help, neuronal signals in low-TDBs can be traced by the automatic algorithm and in high-TDBs may be reconstructed by annotators. 12732 training samples and 5342 test samples are constructed on neuron images of a whole mouse brain. The 3D-SSM achieves classification accuracy rates 87.04% on the training set and 84.07% on the test set. Furthermore, the trained 3D-SSM is tested on samples from another whole mouse brain and its accuracy rate is 83.21%.
Monocytic THP-1 cells diverge significantly from their primary counterparts: a comparative examination of the chromosomal conformations and transcriptomes
Authors: Liu Yulong , Li Hua , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Shao Zhifeng
Published: November 2021

Immortalized cell lines have long been used as model systems to systematically investigate biological processes under controlled and reproducible conditions, providing insights that have greatly advanced cellular biology and medical sciences. Recently, the widely used monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, was comprehensively examined to understand mechanistic relationships between the 3D chromatin structure and transcription during the trans-differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. To corroborate these observations in primary cells, we analyze in situ Hi-C and RNA-seq data of human primary monocytes and their differentiated macrophages in comparison to that obtained from the monocytic/macrophagic THP-1 cells. Surprisingly, we find significant differences between the primary cells and the THP-1 cells at all levels of chromatin structure, from loops to topologically associated domains to compartments. Importantly, the compartment-level differences correlate significantly with transcription: those genes that are in A-compartments in the primary cells but are in B-compartments in the THP-1 cells exhibit a higher level of expression in the primary cells than in the THP-1 cells, and vice versa. Overall, the genes in these different compartments are enriched for a wide range of pathways, and, at least in the case of the monocytic cells, their altered expression in certain pathways in the THP-1 cells argues for a less immune cell-like phenotype, suggesting that immortalization or prolonged culturing of THP-1 caused a divergence of these cells from their primary counterparts. It is thus essential to reexamine phenotypic details observed in cell lines with their primary counterparts so as to ensure a proper understanding of functional cell states in vivo.
Functional analysis of enhancer elements regulating the expression of the Drosophila homeodomain transcription factor DRx by gene targeting
Authors: Klöppel Christine , Hildebrandt Kirsten , Kolb Dieter , Fürst Nora , Bley Isabelle , Karlowatz Ruth-Jessica , Walldorf Uwe
Published: November 2021

Background

TheDrosophilabrain is an ideal model system to study stem cells, here called neuroblasts, and the generation of neural lineages. Many transcriptional activators are involved in formation of the brain during the development ofDrosophila melanogaster. The transcription factorDrosophilaRetinal homeobox (DRx), a member of the 57B homeobox gene cluster, is also one of these factors for brain development.

Results

In this study a detailed expression analysis of DRx in different developmental stages was conducted. We show that DRx is expressed in the embryonic brain in the protocerebrum, in the larval brain in the DM and DL lineages, the medulla and the lobula complex and in the central complex of the adult brain. We generated a DRx enhancer trap strain by gene targeting and reintegration of Gal4, which mimics the endogenous expression of DRx. With the help of eight existing enhancer-Gal4 strains and one made by our group, we mapped various enhancers necessary for the expression of DRx during all stages of brain development from the embryo to the adult. We made an analysis of some larger enhancer regions by gene targeting. Deletion of three of these enhancers showing the most prominent expression patterns in the brain resulted in specific temporal and spatial loss of DRx expression in defined brain structures.

Conclusion

Our data show that DRx is expressed in specific neuroblasts and defined neural lineages and suggest that DRx is another important factor forDrosophilabrain development.
Travelers’ attitude towards carpooling in Islamabad
Authors: Ayaz Altaf , Waheed Abdul , Saleem Hamza , Abid Malik Muneeb
Published: November 2021

Islamabad, being the capital of Pakistan, is attracting every business. Thus, the city is growing towards traffic congestion as the city’s car ownership rate is rapidly growing. In such a situation, for successful implementation, the policymakers need to understand the public acceptance of carpooling services based on its key motives and constraints. This research explores the key motives and constraints to the introduction scenarios of carpooling service in Islamabad. A stated preference questionnaire survey was conducted via Google Form comprising several parts relating to carpooling. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were processed, and a structural model was developed. Females (both single and married) were less orientated to carpool with males and married males with females. Unknown carpooling partners negatively influenced the factor of intention to shift to carpooling service. Our study provides policymakers and transport planners with an appropriate forecasting model of significant factors. In addition, it provides suggestions to transport planners to design promotional tools to enhance the tendency of carpooling among private car users in favor of reducing traffic congestion and increased car ownership rate in the city.
BJPsych International: its aims and its future
Authors: Skuse David
Published: November 2021

Our mission on BJPsych International is simple. First, to promote best practice in the care and treatment of people with mental health problems worldwide. Second, to educate psychiatrists and other mental health professionals about international developments in policy and the delivery of mental health services. We aim to provide a publication platform for authors globally, with a focus on those from low- and middle-income countries who have a message to send about innovations in their country's mental health services that would be of interest to our readership. Our recent success in obtaining a listing on PubMed makes all our articles accessible to a much wider audience and will enhance interest in the journal's unique content. Importantly, the journal, which has a distribution of over 20 000 copies, is entirely open access.
Effects of Lorentz violation in superconductivity
Authors: Furtado J. , Costa Filho R. M. M. , Morais A. F. , Jardim I. C.
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the effects of Lorentz violation in superconductivity. Constructing a Lorentz-violating Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity we discuss the influence of the Lorentz-violating tensors

and

in London's penetration depth, in the coherence length and critical magnetic field.
Deep learning is widely applicable to phenotyping embryonic development and disease
Authors: Naert Thomas , Çiçek Özgün , Ogar Paulina , Bürgi Max , Shaidani Nikko-Ideen , Kaminski Michael M. , Xu Yuxiao , Grand Kelli , Vujanovic Marko , Prata Daniel , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Brox Thomas , Ronneberger Olaf , Voigt Fabian F. , Helmchen Fritjof , Loffing Johannes , Horb Marko E. , Willsey Helen Rankin , Lienkamp Soeren S.
Published: November 2021

Genome editing simplifies the generation of new animal models for congenital disorders. However, the detailed and unbiased phenotypic assessment of altered embryonic development remains a challenge. Here, we explore how deep learning (U-Net) can automate segmentation tasks in various imaging modalities, and we quantify phenotypes of altered renal, neural and craniofacial development in Xenopus embryos in comparison with normal variability. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in embryos with polycystic kidneys (pkd1 and pkd2) and craniofacial dysmorphia (six1). We highlight how in toto light-sheet microscopy facilitates accurate reconstruction of brain and craniofacial structures within X. tropicalis embryos upon dyrk1a and six1 loss of function or treatment with retinoic acid inhibitors. These tools increase the sensitivity and throughput of evaluating developmental malformations caused by chemical or genetic disruption. Furthermore, we provide a library of pre-trained networks and detailed instructions for applying deep learning to the reader's own datasets. We demonstrate the versatility, precision and scalability of deep neural network phenotyping on embryonic disease models. By combining light-sheet microscopy and deep learning, we provide a framework for higher-throughput characterization of embryonic model organisms.

This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Η προγνωστική αξία του πρώιμου σπινθηρογραφήματος αιμάτωσης του μυοκαρδίου έπειτα από διενέργεια πρωτογενούς αγγειοπλαστικής
Authors: Χριστοφορίδης Θεόφιλος
Published: November 2021

Η στεφανιαία νόσος αποτελεί την βασικότερη αιτία θανάτου στις βιομηχανοποιημένες χώρες και προκαλεί το 39.4% του συνόλου των θανάτων στις Η.Π.Α. Για την επεμβατική αντιμετώπιση της στεφανιαίας νόσου υπάρχει η μέθοδος της πρωτογενούς αγγειοπλαστικής (PTCA) και η μέθοδος εφαρμογής των ενδοαυλικών stents σε συνδυασμό με τη χρήση αντιαιμοπεταλιακών παραγόντων. Αυτός ο συνδυασμός οδήγησε σε περιορισμό των επιπλοκών που ακολουθούν τις αγγειοπλαστικές προσεγγίσεις (PCI). Κύρια επιπλοκή αποτελεί η επαναστένωση των stents, αν και το πρόβλημα έχει περιοριστεί σημαντικά με τη χρήση των drug eluting stents. Συνήθως συμβαίνει 3-9 μήνες μετά από την επέμβαση και οι ασθενείς αναπτύσσουν στηθάγχη ή δεν παρουσιάζουν κανένα πρόβλημα στη στεφανιογραφία. Το σπινθηρογράφημα καρδιάς χρησιμοποιήθηκε στην πρόβλεψη της επαναστένωσης μερικές μέρες- μήνες μετά από αγγειοπλαστική. Η παρούσα μελέτη προτείνει τη χρήση σπινθηρογραφήματος καρδιάς με διπυριδαμόλη 6 ημέρες μετά την πρωτογενή αγγειοπλαστική. Το σπινθηρογράφημα επαναλήφθηκε 6 μήνες μετά την επέμβαση στους ασθενείς με έλλειμμα αιμάτωσης κατά την κόπωση στο πρώτο σπινθηρογράφημα. Το 1ο σπινθηρογράφημα αναδείχτηκε παθολογικό (με έλλειμμα αιμάτωσης κατά τη δοκιμασία κόπωσης) στο 17% των περιπτώσεων και φυσιολογικό (χωρίς έλλειμμα αιμάτωσης κατά την κόπωση) στις υπόλοιπες. Αναδείχτηκε ότι οι συμμετέχοντες με 1ο παθολογικό σπινθηρογράφημα με έλλειμμα αιμάτωσης αναμένεται να έχουν αυξημένη πιθανότητα εμφάνισης παθολογικού 2ου σπινθηρογραφήματος (εικόνα ισχαιμίας) (33.3%) με πιθανότητα περίπου 8 φορές μεγαλύτερη σε σύγκριση με όσους είχαν 1ο σπινθηρογράφημα χωρίς έλλειμμα αιμάτωσης (4.1%). Τα συμπεράσματα της έρευνας έχουν σημαντική ισχύ, καθώς η έρευνα μπορεί να θεωρηθεί πειραματική, αφού οι 2 ομάδες είχαν πλήρη εξομοίωση σε όλες τις υπόλοιπες παραμέτρους.
Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from the cosmic inflation
Authors: Στάμου Ιωάννα
Published: November 2021

Τα τελευταία δεδομένα της Κοσμικής Ακτινοβολίας Υποβάθρου στα μικροκύματα που δόθηκαν από την αποστολή Planck μας έδωσαν καινούριους περιορισμούς στη μελέτη του πληθωρισμού. Επιπλέον η πρόσφατη ανίχνευση από το LIGO/VIRGO άνοιξε ένα καινούριο παράθυρο στην μελέτη του πληθωρισμού. Ειδικότερα η πιθανότητα ότι οι αρχέγονες μέλανες οπές (ΑΜΟ), και ως αποτέλεσμα αυτών ένα ποσοστό της σκοτεινής ύλης (ΣΥ) στο Συμπάν, μπορούν να μελετηθούν μέσω του πληθωρισμού πυροδότησε πολλές ερευνητικές μελέτες τα τελευταία χρόνια. Ακόμα τα μελλοντικά πειράματα για την ανίχνευση των βαρυτικών κυμάτων (ΒΚ), όπως το LISA, αναμένονται να δώσουν σημαντικά αποτελέσματα τα επόμενα χρόνια για την ανίχνευση των ΒΚ, των οποίων η μελέτη μπορεί να γίνει επίσης από πληθωριστικά πρότυπα.Σε αυτήν την εργασία μελετάμε τον κοσμικό πληθωρισμό και ειδικότερα μοντέλα τα όποια είναι εμβαπτισμένα σε θεωρίες υπερβαρύτητας. Ειδικότερα μελετάμε πληθωριστικά μοντέλα που μπορούν να εξηγήσουν την παραγωγή ΑΜΟ και ΒΚ. Τα μοντέλα αυτά πρέπει να έχουν μια ενίσχυση στο ενεργό φάσμα. Για να πετύχουμε αυτή την ενίσχυσή μελετήσαμε τρεις ξεχωριστούς μηχανισμούς. Ο πρώτος αποτελούνταν από ένα ενεργό βαθμωτο δυναμικό με ένα σημείο καμπής, ο δεύτερος από ένα δυναμικό με βήματα, ενώ ο τελευταίος βασίστηκε σε υβριδικά μοντέλα και συγκεκριμένο στο 'καταρράχτη' του δυναμικού.Εφαρμόσαμε αυτές τις τρεις τεχνικές σε θεωρίες υπερβαρυτητας με σκοπό να έχουμε ρεαλιστικά μοντέλα που σέβονται τους περιορισμούς του κοσμικού πληθωρισμού. Τον μηχανισμό με το σημείο καμπής τον εφαρμόσαμε σε θεωρίες no-scale. Ειδικότερα, τροποποιήσαμε υπερδυναμικά που οδηγούν στο βαθμωτό δυναμικό Starobinsky ώστε να προκύψει ένα σημείο καμπής στο ενεργό βαθμωτό δυναμικό, το οποίο θα μπορέσει να εξηγήσει μια ενίσχυσή στο ενεργό φάσμα. Ακόμα εξηγήσαμε την δημιουργία ΑΜΟ και ΒΚ από κατάλληλες τροποποιήσεις στον κινητικό όρο της Λαγκρανζιανης, ή αλλιώς στο δυναμικό Kahler, ώστε να προκύψει ένα σημείο καμπής στο βαθμωτό δυναμικό.Σε επόμενο βήμα μελετήσαμε το μηχανισμό με μορφές τύπου βήματος στο βαθμωτό δυναμικό. Εφαρμόσαμε τον μηχανισμό αυτό σε σύμμορφες υπερβαρυτικες θεωρίες με α-ατρακτορες. Το ενεργό φάσμα που προέκυψε από αυτά τα μοντέλα έχει, εκτός από την ενίσχυση στα μικρά μήκη κύματος, μια επιπλέον ταλαντωτική συμπεριφορά. Για το υβριδικό μοντέλο που προτείνουμε επιβάλαμε διορθώσεις από θεωρίες υπερβαρυτητας με σκοπό να συμφωνούν με τις παρατηρήσεις. Το μοντέλο αυτό μπορεί να εξηγήσει το 100% της ΣΥ με μια κατάλληλη επιλογή παραμέτρων. Επιπλέον, μπορεί να εξηγήσει το σήμα από τα δεδομένα του NANOGrav αλλά σε αυτήν την περίπτωση η αφθονία σε ΣΥ είναι αρκετά μικρότερη. Υπολογίσαμε τα βαθμωτά ενεργά φάσματα, την αφθονία των ΑΜΟ και την ενεργειακή πυκνότητα των ΒΚ για όλα τα προαναφερόμενα πρότυπα. Μελετήσαμε ακόμα το θέμα του fine-tuning των παραμέτρων και πως μειώνεται μέσα από αυτά τα μοντέλα. Όλα τα μοντέλα που παρουσιάζουμε σε αυτήν την εργασία είναι σε πλήρη συμφωνία με τους πληθωριστικούς περιορισμούς.
The genome sequence of the meadow brown, Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Weir Jamie ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Maniola jurtina (the meadow brown; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The genome sequence is 402 megabases in span. The complete assembly is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the W and Z sex chromosome assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 12,502 protein coding genes.
Hacia un Modelo de Comunicación Comunitaria para el Pos-acuerdo. Caso: región del Ariari, Colombia
Authors: Ladino Marin Paola Consuelo , Prada Penagos Rodolfo , Rodríguez García Julio César
Published: November 2021

Este artículo propone un modelo de comunicación comunitaria para la región colombiana del Ariari, en un contexto particularmente impactado por el Acuerdo de Paz suscrito entre el gobierno colombiano y el grupo guerrillero Farc-EP. La investigación se enfocó en los medios de comunicación comunitarios que operan en la región, bajo la premisa de que estos emergen como actores fundamentales en la construcción de un escenario de posconflicto, en una zona históricamente afectada por diversas manifestaciones de violencia (Zúñiga & Grattan, 2017). La investigación, de carácter cualitativo, permite plantear una propuesta que articule los medios comunitarios en los ámbitos de los enunciadores, las fuentes de información, el mensaje y los receptores, para responder al reto de transformar la sociedad regional hacia la búsqueda del desarrollo humano sostenible y deseable.
Epistemología feminista y digital en el análisis de la comunicación del ciberfeminismo
Authors: Benítez-Eyzaguirre Lucía , Arencón-Beltrán Sandra
Published: November 2021

Las movilizaciones feministas más recientes muestran la emergencia de la demanda de la justicia y la igualdad de las mujeres con la ocupación sistemática y cada vez más intensa del espacio digital y el espacio público. Para el análisis de este fenómeno, se busca un marco conceptual coherente, a partir de la epistemología feminista y digital como una revisión crítica y sistemática del conocimiento racionalista y de la investigación positivista
Adolescentes y patrones de género: consumo televisivo y su seguimiento en redes sociales
Authors: Fernandez de Arroyabe Ainhoa , Eguskiza Sesumaga Leyre , Lazkano Arrillaga Iñaki
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza los patrones de consumo televisivo de los adolescentes vascos y su seguimiento en redes sociales y WhatsApp, atendiendo a variables de género y edad. El sondeo cuantitativo realizado a estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de Guipúzcoa muestra que la televisión se mantiene como medio de referencia entre los jóvenes, quienes perpetúan y amplifican los patrones de consumo masculinos y femeninos tradicionales en el seguimiento de sus contenidos en redes.
Treinamento resistido modula TNF-α e melhora força muscular de pessoas vivendo com HIV e em tratamento de Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade
Authors: Bitencourt Julia Casagrande , Pereira Eduarda Valim , Gabriel Ian Rabelo , Farias Joni Marcio de
Published: November 2021

O estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a contribuição do treinamento resistido em marcadores de estresse oxidativo e força de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico não randomizado, com delineamento de série temporal descontinua, e amostragem por voluntários pertencentes ao Programa de Atenção Municipal às DST/HIV/AIDS (PAMDHA) com tratamento de Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade. Foram realizadas avaliações de composição corporal, aptidão física, dano oxidativo e enzimas antioxidantes. Nas variáveis antropométricas entre homens foi encontrada diferenças entre os grupos nos valores de circunferência abdominal (pré = 93,95 ± 8,21; pós = 92,25 ± 7,46) e percentual de gordura (pré = 88,5 ± 6,35; pós = 18,57 ± 7,74). Os níveis de força indicaram melhora em ambos os grupos (p < 0,05). As análises de grupamentos Carbonila, da atividade da enzima antioxidante Catalase, Superóxido Dismutase (SOD), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) e os níveis de TNF-α no soro de indivíduos HIV+, não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que o treinamento resistido de intensidade moderada pode ser utilizado como agente terapêutico adjunto ao uso da TARV para a manutenção e melhora da saúde de pessoas com HIV.
Hough Transform Processing in 3D Object Detection and Visualization
Authors: Fernández Ariel , Llaguno Juan M. , Alonso Julia R.
Published: November 2021

We present the detection of partially occluded spherical objects by means of the Circular Hough Transform of stereo pair of the scene. Refocusing after filtering allows then to reconstruct the object at its own depth.
Overview of optical signal detection in turbid water using temporally encoded polarimetric integral imaging
Authors: Joshi Rakesh , Krishnan Gokul , O’Connor Timothy , Javidi Bahram
Published: November 2021

We overview temporally encoded single shot polarimetric integral imaging with nonlinear correlation for optical detection in turbid water. The overviewed system enhances the detection capabilities compared to conventional 2D and 3D integral imaging methods.
Autostereoscopic 3D Display Based on Liquid Crystal Screen with Binocular Viewpoints Tracking
Authors: Meng Yang , Lyu Yan , Zhang Nan , Li Ruiyang , Yu Zhongyuan , Chen Laurence Lujun , Zhang Xinran , Huang Tianqi , Ma Longfei , Liao Hongen
Published: November 2021

The autostereoscopic 3D display has two important indicators, both the number of viewpoints and display resolution. However, it's a challenge to improve both the viewpoint and the resolution. Here, we develop a fixed-position multiview and lossless resolution autostereoscopic 3D display system that includes the dynamic liquid crystal (LC) grating screen. This display system consists of an LC display panel and an LC grating screen. The synchronization of the frame switching of the LC display panel and the LC grating screen shutter enables the preserved resolution. The "eye space" design makes the viewpoint dense enough and determines the LC grating screen's parameters. Based on the above work, we use binocular viewpoint tracking technology to realize the LC grating screen's adaptive control. Different binocular views are rendered in real-time according to the different positions of a single pair of stereoscopic viewpoints in the eye space, making the motion parallax possible. We present the working principle and mathematical analysis. We implement a prototype for verifying the principle. According to the experiment results analysis, this prototype can achieve viewpoint tracking and motion parallax based on resolution lossless and viewpoint dense enough.
A pose estimation method using a dynamic virtual camera
Authors: Deng Zhaojun , Li Anhu
Published: November 2021

We present a pose estimation method for a target based on the multi-view imaging principle of a dynamic virtual camera, which enables six-dimensional extraction using a single camera integrated with a compact prism device.
3D Spatial Control of Stimulated Raman Scattering Using a Phase Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Eriksson Ronja , Gren Per , Sjödahl Mikael , Ramser Kerstin
Published: November 2021

Species specific 3D imaging requires control of where in the sample stimulated Raman gain is achieved. By using a phase spatial light modulator the signal position can be calculated, controlled and directly imaged in 3D.
Object Classification in Photon-Starved Conditions using 3D Integral Imaging: Performance Comparison Between Visible and Longwave Infrared Imaging
Authors: Wani P. , Usmani K. , Krishnan G. , O’Connor T. , Javidi B.
Published: November 2021

We present a method for object detection and classification in photon-starved conditions and occluded environments using passive 3D integral imaging with convolution neural networks. Performance will be compared between visible and infra-red range image sensors.
High-Resolution Fully Automatic Light Field Image Acquisition System Using One-Dimensional Camera Array
Authors: Erdenebat Munkh-Uchral , Kwon Ki-Chul , Darkhanbaatar Nyamsuren , Jung Jin Kyu , Gil Sang-Keun , Kim Nam
Published: November 2021

The high-resolution light field image acquisition method using a one-dimensional camera array is proposed. The system consists of multiple high-resolution cameras and the multifunctional smart motor-driven stage. The experimental results confirm that the proposed system can be an effective way to acquire high-resolution light field images.
Aerial re-imaging of femtosecond-laser-excited graphics for volumetric display
Authors: Kumagai Kota , Miura Shun , Hayasaki Yoshio
Published: November 2021

A volumetric display forms three-dimensional (3D) graphics in real space by generating light emission or scattering points as volume pixels (voxels). In order to realize this display, we have proposed several types of system using femtosecond-laser-excited voxel and holographic beam control with computer-generated hologram. In our systems, a gas-state type which employs air as a screen shows touch interaction applications between user and graphics, and also demonstrated augmented reality in real 3D space. However, this system still has a challenge to display color graphics because the color of the aerial voxel is monochromatic bluish white. In this research, we try to form the graphics with multi-color by selectively re-imaging light from voxels with only arbitrary colors using two parabolic mirrors including variable color filters.
Anti-occlusion Depth Reconstruction from Light Field with Gaussian Weighted Matching Norm
Authors: Shi Ligen , Liu Chang , Zhang Li , Qiu Jun
Published: November 2021

We proposed the Gaussian weighted matching norm (GWMN) to measure the region matching distance for light field, which can effectively suppress the mismatch from occlusion, and realize high-accuracy scene depth reconstruction.
Modeling liquid crystal on silicon microdisplays for holographic storage and polarization control
Authors: Márquez Andrés , Martínez-Guardiola Francisco J. , Francés Jorge , Morales-Vidal Marta , Puerto Daniel , Neipp Cristian , Gallego Sergi , Pascual Inmaculada , Beléndez Augusto
Published: November 2021

Spatial light modulation with liquid crystal on silicon microdisplays is at the heart of a wide range of modern optics and photonics areas. We show how to model these devices with a focus on applications.
3D Degree of Polarization and its fundamental limits
Authors: Aviñoa Marcos Pérez , Carnicer Artur , Bosch Salvador
Published: November 2021

We explore the detection limits of the Degree of Polarization by capturing Light Fields and introducing a semi-empirical formula to model its behaviour as the mean amount of detected photons in the sensor decreases.
Joint Reconstruction Strategy for Telecentric-based Digital Holographic Microscopes
Authors: Castaneda Raul , Doblas Ana
Published: November 2021

We present a reconstruction algorithm for digital holographic microscopy (DHM) operating in the telecentric regimen. This strategy rests on the minimization of a cost function to estimate both the numerical reference wave and the quantitative phase information. This algorithm paves the way to a universal DHM reconstruction tool.
Detecting in-situ phase separation with Femtosecond thermal lens spectroscopy to map COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Goswami Sonaly , Singhal Sumit , Goswami Debabrata
Published: November 2021

We use the femtosecond laser-induced thermal lens spectroscopy for sensitive detection of the liquid-gas phase interface, which can provide an accurate size measure of aerosols. Mapping microscopic aerosol distribution is critical for COVID-19 transmission.
Terahertz Reflection Imaging of Concealed Interfaces
Authors: Lowry Seth N. , Price Brad D. , Hartley Ian D. , Shegelski Mark R. A. , Reid Matt
Published: November 2021

We present a system that uses polarized time-domain THz reflection imaging to detect the presence of metal, air, water, glass, and plastic at a concealed interface without the need for a well-defined THz reference waveform.