bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erik Hansen og Lars Heltoft: Grammatik over det danske sprog
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Trykfordelingens implikaturer. Betydningsbærende og meningsbærende tryk
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Thomas Wiben Jensen: Kognition og konstruktion - to tendenser i humaniora og den offentlige debat
Authors: Quist Pia
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Principia Orthographica
Authors: Davidsen-Nielsen Niels , Herslund Michael
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Dansk Sprognævn: Retskrivningsordbogen, 4. udgave
Authors: Kristiansen Tore
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Dig og mig og vi to. Synspunkter på kasus i moderne dansk
Authors: Schack Jørgen
Published: November 2016

[Se engelsk abstract]
Normativitet som social ressource på Facebook
Authors: Hyttel-Sørensen Liva , Stæhr Andreas
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Språk och berättelsestruktur i blogg – En jämförelse av hur en tonåring och en pensionär bloggar om en utflykt
Authors: Bellander Theres
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Speech is Speech, Writing is Writing - on language in the new written media
Authors: Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Linguistic Changes in New Media - from chat style to hash tag poetry
Authors: Hougaard Tina Thode
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Language Use and Narrative Structure in Blogs - a comparison of how a teenager and a senior citizen write about an excursion
Authors: Bellander Theres
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
On the Relationship between Language Choice and Communicative Scope
Authors: Westergaard Astrid
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Kolofon og indholdsfortegnelse
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
‘Det er easy at tale engelsk også’. American Danish in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Kühl Karoline
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Kan en dynamisk afkodningstekst i børnehaveklassen bidrage til at forudsige læsevanskeligheder i 1. klasse? Foreløbige resultater fra en langtidsundersøgelse
Authors: Gellert Anna Steenberg , Elbro Carsten
Published: November 2016

The aim of the research reported here was to examine the validity of a new dynamic test of the initial development of reading. In the dynamic test, participants are taught three novel letters and how to synthesize the letter sounds into new words. This test was administered along with traditional tests of reading, letter knowledge and phonological awareness to 176 children at the end of the kindergarten grade. Three months into Grade 1, traditional tests of reading were administered to the same children. It was found that performance on the dynamic test correlated highly with concurrent performance on traditional tests of reading, letter knowledge, and phonological awareness in the kindergarten grade. Importantly, the dynamic test contributed significantly to the prediction of reading abilities in Grade 1 even after controlling for traditional pre-school predictors: letter knowledge and phonological awareness. The dynamic test was found to contribute to the early identification of children at risk of poor reading abilities among native speakers of Danish as well as among children with Danish as a second language. These results provide preliminary support for the validity of the dynamic test of reading.
’Mathilde bor på Amager og sådan noget’. Danske påhængsudtryks interaktionelle funktioner i interviewsituationen
Authors: Larsen Anne
Published: November 2016

This article examines the interactional functions of general extenders in spoken Danish (e.g. og sådan noget (and such some(thing)), og alt sådan noget (and all such some(thing)), eller sådan noget (and such some(thing))…). It has been suggested that general extenders can be divided into two groups: disjunctives, introduced by eller (eng. or), and adjunctives, introduced by og (and), which serve separate interactional functions. In this article it is argued that general extenders should rather be seen as a unified group of context-sensitive expressions with multiple interactional functions. On the basis of a study of data from the Copenhagen project in Urban Sociolinguistics (BySoc) it is shown that the general extenders are very flexible and that there can be made very few functional distinctions between the og- and the eller-forms.
Tilegnelse af fortællerperspektiv og referentperspektiv i dansk tegnsprog: introduktion af en ny referent
Authors: Engberg-Pedersen Elisabeth
Published: November 2016

Linguistic perspective can be used either to denote the way en event is described as seen from the perspective of one of the referents, or as a term for various linguistic means used to indicate whether a referent is new or given and whether an event is foreground or background. In this article, the former type is called referent perspective, the latter narrator perspective. In Danish Sign Language (DTS) narrator perspective is expressed by the signer’s eye contact with the addressee, the sign EN (‘one, a’) to indicate a new, prominent referent, and nonmanual signals indicating topicalization and accessibility. Referent perspective is expressed by combinations of predicates of motion and location with gaze, facial expression, and head and body orientation that represent a referent. Narratives elicited from DTS-signing adults by means of cartoons are shown to have a strong emphasis on referent perspective compared with narratives in spoken Danish elicited by means of the same cartoons. DTS-signing deaf children of six to nine years of age are shown to be well underway in acquiring the use of en, but they struggle with the expression of the referent perspective, especially the use of gaze direction and facial expression. The results are discussed in relation to Slobin’s (1996) notion rhetorical style and the role of iconicity in acquisition.
Flersprogethed på Facebook. Flersprogede unges interaktion på Facebook i et sprogtilegnelsesperspektiv
Authors: Berthelsen Ulf Dalvad
Published: November 2016

Many adolescent language users have their first authentic experiences with written language on the social media. Presumably, this is also true for bilingual adolescents, and this makes social media interesting from an acquisitional perspective. In this paper I present an explorative study on how three bilingual adolescents use Facebook. The point of departure is an investigation of the affordances of Facebook’s user interface, and the purpose of the study is, firstly, to investigate whether or not activities on the social media support L2-acquisition and, secondly, if and how the affordances of Facebook facilitate L2-acquisition.
Sprog, forståelse og handling. Anmeldelse af Christina Fogtmann: Forståelsens psykologi. Mentalisering i teori og praksis
Authors: Jensen Thomas Wiben
Published: November 2016

Anmeldt værk:Anmeldelse af Christina Fogtmann: Forståelsens psykologi. Mentalisering i teori og praksis. Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur, 2014 (145 sider).
Bilingualism on Facebook. An acquisitional perspective on bilingual adolescents’ use of Facebook
Authors: Berthelsen Ulf Dalvad
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel]
Om "offentligt at tilskynde til forbrydelse". En studie i forholdet mellem sprog, jura og politik
Authors: Larsen Peter Harms
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Nogle bemærkninger om beskrivelser, handlinger og sproghandlinger
Authors: Mortensen Anne Thing
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Aspekter af modale udsagns dybdestruktur
Authors: Grunwald Ebbe
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Forældreskab, analyse af TG-grammatikkens 3. generation
Authors: Qvortrup Lars
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Bestemt og ubestemt sætning
Authors: Hansen Erik
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Prædikatstruktur og kommunikativ funktion
Authors: Harder Peter
Published: November 2016

[Der findes ikke abstract til denne artikel]
Ret function in muscle stem cells points to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Moyle Louise A , Blanc Eric , Jaka Oihane , Prueller Johanna , Banerji Christopher RS , Tedesco Francesco Saverio , Harridge Stephen DR , Knight Robert D , Zammit Peter S
Published: November 2016

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) involves sporadic expression of DUX4, which inhibits myogenesis and is pro-apoptotic. To identify target genes, we over-expressed DUX4 in myoblasts and found that the receptor tyrosine kinaseRetwas significantly up-regulated, suggesting a role in FSHD.RETis dynamically expressed during myogenic progression in mouse and human myoblasts. Constitutive expression of eitherRET9orRET51increased myoblast proliferation, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown ofRetinduced myogenic differentiation. Suppressing RET activity using Sunitinib, a clinically-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, rescued differentiation in both DUX4-expressing murine myoblasts and in FSHD patient-derived myoblasts. Importantly, Sunitinib also increased engraftment and differentiation of FSHD myoblasts in regenerating mouse muscle. Thus, DUX4-mediated activation ofRetprevents myogenic differentiation and could contribute to FSHD pathology by preventing satellite cell-mediated repair. Rescue of DUX4-induced pathology by Sunitinib highlights the therapeutic potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of FSHD.
Conducting Content Analysis of Documents in Network Research: A Review of Recent Scholarship
Authors: Hu Qian
Published: November 2016

In this study I examine how researchers have conducted content analysis of documents to collect and analyze network data in public administration. Content analyses of documents help us understand the contexts and meanings of network ties. Researchers can also analyze docu- ments to examine the changes of network ties over time. The types of documents that researchers have used to draw network data are diverse, but the ways they are used are limited. The majority of articles reviewed for this study focused on drawing interorganizational collaboration data, whereas in a few articles content analysis was conducted to draw policy network data. In this study I found that most of the existing network research has converted qualitative data extracted from documents to numerical data for quantitative analysis and has not fully taken advantage of the qualitative data. Researchers can also benefit from providing explicit coding rules and proce- dures to ensure the quality of network data collection.
Improvement of thermoelectric performance of single-wall carbon nanotubes by heavy doping: Effect of one-dimensional band multiplicity
Authors: Hayashi Daisuke , Nakai Yusuke , Kyakuno Haruka , Yamamoto Takahiro , Miyata Yasumitsu , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Maniwa Yutaka
Published: November 2016

Doped single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films were prepared and their Seebeck coefficient (S) and electrical resistivity (ρ) were investigated as functions of carrier density. For heavy doping, a second maximum of S (S = 35 µV/K) was discovered, with its corresponding power factor, P = 85 µW/(m·K2), 6 times that of the first maximum for lightly doped films. Calculations for zigzag SWCNTs suggest that the thermoelectric performance can be effectively improved by controlling the multiplicity of the one-dimensional band and tuning the carrier density. This provides a new strategy for achieving higher performance at a lower cost than using high-purity semiconducting SWCNTs.
Full-range ultrahigh-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in 1.7 µm wavelength region for deep-penetration and high-resolution imaging of turbid tissues
Authors: Kawagoe Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Masahito , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Nishizawa Norihiko
Published: November 2016

For the first time, we developed a full-range ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technique working in the 1.7 µm wavelength region. This technique allowed high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging. By using a supercontinuum source operating at a wavelength of 1.7 µm, an axial resolution of 3.6 µm in a tissue specimen was achieved. To enhance the imaging depth of UHR-SD-OCT, we performed full-range OCT imaging based on a phase modulation method. We demonstrated the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of a mouse brain with the developed system, and specific structures in the mouse brain were clearly visualized at depths up to 1.7 mm.
Ahmed Yesevî’de Ölüm Algısı  /  Ahmad Yasawi’s Perception of Death
Authors: KIZILER Hamdi
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Death comes to all living creatures. Therefore, humans have always wondered about the phenomenon of death which ends the mortal life and assigned meanings to it. As there were some who assumed the death evil and scary, others thought it was blessed and greeted it happily. Without any doubt, this second group mainly consisted of Sufi people. They do not assume death as an annihilation but a phenomenon that lets them reunite with Allah The Almighty, who we owe our existence. In 12th century’s Central Asia, Sufi Ahmad Yasawi also greeted the death with happiness and perceived it as something that leads him to The Lord. According to him, the soul which forms the main essence of the human does not die, but only the body does. This is simply the transformation of human from one form to another. Thus death is not an annihilation but it is actually the human’s blissful reunion with Allah. This study handles with the Ahmad Yasawi’s perception of death and the meanings he assigned to in the context of his masterpiece, Diwan al-Hikmah.

Öz

Bütün canlılar mutlaka bir gün ölecektir. Bu sebeple insanoğlu, ölüm gibi dünya hayatını sonlandıran bir olguyu merak etmiş ve ona çeşitli anlamlar yüklemiştir. Ölümü kötü algılayan ve dolayısıyla ona korkarak yaklaşanlar olduğu gibi, onu iyi gören ve sevinçle karşılayanlar da olmuştur. Şüphesiz bu ikinci zümrenin başında sufiler gelir. Onlar ölümü bir yok oluş olarak değil, varlığımızı borçlu olduğumuz Yüce Allah’a kavuşturan bir olgu olarak görmüştür. Orta Asya’da XII. yüzyılda yaşamış ünlü ve etkili sufi Ahmed Yesevî de ölümü sevinçle karşılamış, kendisini Rabbine götüren bir sebep olarak algılamıştır. Ona göre insanın asıl özünü teşkil eden ruh ölmez, sadece beden ölür. Bu da insanın bir halden başka bir hale dönüşmesinden başka bir şey değildir. O zaman ölüm hiçbir zaman yok oluş değil, hakikatte insanın sevgiliye (Allah’a) kavuşmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Ahmed Yesevî’nin Divan-ı Hikmet’i esas alınarak onun ölüm algısı ve ona yüklediği anlamlar ele alınmıştır.
Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî’nin Mânevî Kişiliği ve Psiko-Sosyal Etkisi / The Spiritual Personality of Hadji Bayram Wali and His Psycho-Social Influence
Authors: Işıtan İbrahim
Published: November 2016

The Spritual Personality of Hadji Bayram Wali and His Psycho-Social Influence

Abstract

It is an undeniable fact that sufi life causes one to gain a spritual personality. Therefore it is important to examine the characters and identities of notable figures with great spiritual personality. By what features these figures attain an influential position in terms of their individual and social life is a crucial question to answer. With regard to this issue some essential principles concerning the sufi life emerge. This article discusses the basic principles forming the spiritual personality of Hadji Bayram Wali, a prominent sufi whose spiritual influence in his era as well as the subsequent eras is noticeable, and deals with his influence concerning the pscyho-social terms. In other words, we examine the essential features constructing the spiritual personality of Hadji Bayram Wali and how these features have influence upon the society and approach to the subject in the context of sufi psychology.

 

Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî’nin Mânevî Kişiliği ve Psiko-Sosyal Etkisi

Öz

Sûfî yaşamın bireye mânevî şahsiyet kazandırdığı bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu nedenle, geçmişte ve günümüzde mânevî kişiliği öne çıkmış önemli şahsiyetlerin kişilik ve kimlik yapılarını incelemek önem arz eder. Bu şahsiyetler hangi mânevî özellikler sayesinde bireysel ve sosyal anlamda etkin bir konuma gelebilmektedirler? Sûfî hayat bu çerçevede birtakım temel prensipleri öne çıkarmaktadır. Biz de bu makalemizde döneminin önemli sûfilerinden olup daha sonraki dönemlerde de mânevî etkisini sürdürmüş olan Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî Hazretleri’nin mânevî şahsiyetini oluşturan temel ilkeleri inceleyerek, etkisini psiko-sosyal açıdan ele alacağız. Kısaca, Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî’nin mânevî şahsiyetini oluşturan temel özellikleri ve bunların bireylerde ve toplumda nasıl bir etki bıraktığını inceleyerek, konuyu sûfî psikolojisi çerçevesinde inceleyeceğiz.
 Romanların Tüketim Eksenli Yaşam Tarzlarının İncelenmesi: Bursa Şehir Merkezinde Bir Uygulama /  Examining the Gypsies Consumption Axis Lifestyles: An Application at Bursa City Centre
Authors: Çakmak Ali Çağlar
Published: November 2016

Examining the Gypsies Consumption Axis Lifestyles:

An Application at Bursa City Centre

Abstract

We live together in the same territory for centuries Gypsies, with their colorful personalities and they add value to our sociological structure with different lifestyles. There has been less study about consumption behavior and in this context lifestyles of Gypsies. This research studies the scrutiny to Gypsy citizens’ consumption axis lifestyles for contribute the literature.  Gypsies which live in Bursa city center are the main mass of the research. AIO (Activities, Interests, Opinions) Lifestyle Scale was applied to the selected sample from the main mass. The data acquired as the result of the survey is evaluated with Percentage Analysis, Staged Grading, Factor Analysis and Single Factor Multiple Variance Analysis (MANOVA). The results of the research includes the important details of the Gypsies consumption axis lifestyles.

Romanların Tüketim Eksenli Yaşam Tarzlarının İncelenmesi:

Bursa Şehir Merkezinde Bir Uygulama

Öz

Yüzyıllardır aynı topraklarda bir arada yaşadığımız Romanlar, renkli kişilikleriyle ve farklı yaşam tarzlarıyla sosyolojik yapımıza değer katmaktadırlar. Romanların tüketim davranışları ve bu bağlamda yaşam tarzları ile ilgili çok az çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla Roman vatandaşlarının tüketim eksenli yaşam tarzlarını incelemeyi konu edinmektedir. Bursa şehir merkezinde yaşayan Romanlar çalışmanın ana kütlesini oluşturmaktadır. Seçilen örnekleme FİF (Faaliyet, İlgi Alanı, Fikir) Yaşam Tarzı Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere Yüzde Analizi, Mertebeli Dereceleme, Faktör Analizi ve MANOVA uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları Romanların tüketim eksenli yaşam tarzları ile ilgili önemli detayları içermektedir.
Multiple comparative metagenomics using multisetk-mer counting
Authors: Benoit Gaëtan , Peterlongo Pierre , Mariadassou Mahendra , Drezen Erwan , Schbath Sophie , Lavenier Dominique , Lemaitre Claire
Published: November 2016

Background

Large scale metagenomic projects aim to extract biodiversity knowledge between different environmental conditions. Current methods for comparing microbial communities face important limitations. Those based on taxonomical or functional assignation rely on a small subset of the sequences that can be associated to known organisms. On the other hand,de novomethods, that compare the whole sets of sequences, either do not scale up on ambitious metagenomic projects or do not provide precise and exhaustive results.

Methods

These limitations motivated the development of a newde novometagenomic comparative method, called Simka. This method computes a large collection of standard ecological distances by replacing species counts byk-mer counts. Simka scales-up today’s metagenomic projects thanks to a new parallelk-mer counting strategy on multiple datasets.

Results

Experiments on public Human Microbiome Project datasets demonstrate that Simka captures the essential underlying biological structure. Simka was able to compute in a few hours both qualitative and quantitative ecological distances on hundreds of metagenomic samples (690 samples, 32 billions of reads). We also demonstrate that analyzing metagenomes at thek-mer level is highly correlated with extremely precisede novocomparison techniques which rely on all-versus-all sequences alignment strategy or which are based on taxonomic profiling.
Quantifying the importance of spatial resolution and other factors through global sensitivity analysis of a flood inundation model
Authors: Thomas Steven Savage James , Pianosi Francesca , Bates Paul , Freer Jim , Wagener Thorsten
Published: November 2016

Where high‐resolution topographic data are available, modelers are faced with the decision of whether it is better to spend computational resource on resolving topography at finer resolutions or on running more simulations to account for various uncertain input factors (e.g., model parameters). In this paper we apply global sensitivity analysis to explore how influential the choice of spatial resolution is when compared to uncertainties in the Manning's friction coefficient parameters, the inflow hydrograph, and those stemming from the coarsening of topographic data used to produce Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). We apply the hydraulic model LISFLOOD‐FP to produce several temporally and spatially variable model outputs that represent different aspects of flood inundation processes, including flood extent, water depth, and time of inundation. We find that the most influential input factor for flood extent predictions changes during the flood event, starting with the inflow hydrograph during the rising limb before switching to the channel friction parameter during peak flood inundation, and finally to the floodplain friction parameter during the drying phase of the flood event. Spatial resolution and uncertainty introduced by resampling topographic data to coarser resolutions are much more important for water depth predictions, which are also sensitive to different input factors spatially and temporally. Our findings indicate that the sensitivity of LISFLOOD‐FP predictions is more complex than previously thought. Consequently, the input factors that modelers should prioritize will differ depending on the model output assessed, and the location and time of when and where this output is most relevant.
Data processing for a small‐scale long‐term coastal ocean observing system near Mobile Bay, Alabama
Authors: Tzeng Mimi W. , Dzwonkowski Brian , Park Kyeong
Published: November 2016

The oceanographic community routinely collects time series data of hydrography, water current velocity, and other basic physical, chemical, and biological properties of the marine environment. Such data are essential for establishing baseline characteristics of marine and estuarine ecosystems. However, the task of taking the raw data files as downloaded from a variety of instruments from multiple manufacturers, and converting them into file formats that can be used to address specific research questions, can be highly complex and time consuming. To illustrate some of these complexities, we have thoroughly documented the data processing steps for a small coastal ocean observing system near Mobile Bay, Alabama, that has been in operation since 2004. Our goals were to produce documentation and data provenance in sufficient detail for full science reproducibility of all studies that use data from this system, provide a template for other ocean observation operations, and highlight a need for better recognition of the significant amount of time and expertise often required to do both the data processing and the documentation for long‐term observational systems.
Will China be the first to initiate climate engineering?
Authors: Moore John C. , Chen Ying , Cui Xuefeng , Yuan Wenping , Dong Wenjie , Gao Yun , Shi Peijun
Published: November 2016

Over the last 30 years, China has industrialized more rapidly than any other society in history and become the world's largest emitter of CO2. This has demonstrated unprecedented ability to change the socioeconomic landscape, produced great wealth, and led to some catastrophic environmental damage. This is the background that has motivated several authors to postulate that China would initiate geoengineering using solar radiation management. But will China be the first to pioneer climate engineering? The answer, we argue here, is likely to be “no!” We reach this conclusion from an analysis of the historic philosophical tradition that informs the Chinese world view, China's experience of mega‐engineering projects both ancient and modern, and the policies implemented over the last 60 years. The debate on geoengineering has to‐date been almost exclusively Euro‐American, but China has mega‐engineering experience, huge resources, and a radically different world‐view that needs to be acknowledged. Furthermore we contend that these experiences can be useful internationally in helping to frame the debate on climate mitigation from the perspective of the earth as shared, multiuse and finite.
Trichodesmium latitudinal distribution on the shelf break in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean during spring and autumn
Authors: Detoni Amália Maria Sacilotto , Ciotti Áurea Maria , Calil Paulo H. R. , Tavano Virginia Maria , Yunes João Sarkis
Published: November 2016

We report Trichodesmium slicks in the South Atlantic associated with fronts produced by the southward displacement of the Brazil Current. For the first time, a relatively high spatial sampling grid of trichomes density is shown over an undersampled region with regard to Trichodesmium. In this study, the distributions of Trichodesmium along the southeastern Brazilian continental shelf break were characterized during four oceanographic cruises and related to seawater temperature, upper layer nutrient concentrations and wind dynamics. Meridional changes in the densities of trichomes followed an expected trend with higher (lower) values found in warmer (colder) and more saline (less saline) water masses. Between 23° and 28°S, large accumulations of trichomes were associated with high temperature, increased phosphate concentrations (>0.08 μM), nitrogen below 2.4 μM, and low wind speeds (<11 m s−1). Maximum densities of 212.6 × 105 trichomes L−1, which are considerably larger than those reported in other studies in subtropical oceans, occurred at stations showing weak water column stability and higher phosphate levels over the upper 25 m. We suggest that shelf break dynamics, which drive and modulate the intensity of the shelf break upwelling, as well as wind divergence at spatial scales of approximately 600 km2, associated with mesoscale activities, may favor Trichodesmium growth and accumulation. On the other hand, Trichodesmium densities were low at latitudes between 28° and 33°S, likely due to either or both the lowest sea surface temperatures and/or out‐competition by the faster‐growing nondiazotrophs.
Deep carbon cycle recorded by calcium‐silicate rocks (rodingites) in a subduction‐related ophiolite
Authors: Dai J. G. , Wang C. S. , Liu S. A. , Qian X. Y. , Zhu D. C. , Ke S.
Published: November 2016

Carbon cycling in subduction zones remains poorly constrained due to the lack of relevant geological records. Here we report magnesium isotope data (δ26MgDSM3) from calcium‐silicate rocks (rodingites) from the Xigaze ophiolite, southern Tibet, which is thought to represent remnants of Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Behaviors of immobile trace elements in rodingites resemble those of their mafic dike protoliths, showing subduction‐related signatures. The majority of rodingites exhibits low δ26Mg values of −0.72‰ to −0.33‰ with a weighted average of −0.47 ± 0.11‰ (2 SD), significantly lighter than that of their protoliths (−0.31 ± 0.03‰). This difference likely reflects the interaction of the protolith with isotopically light carbonate fluids. Modeling indicates that this hypothesis requires the input of 5 to 15 wt % carbonates during rodingitization. Our study suggests that rodingite may represent a previously unrecognized reservoir of dissolved Ca from subducted carbonates.
A multievent study of the coincidence of heliospheric current sheet and stream interface
Authors: Huang Jia , Liu Yong C.‐M. , Qi Zhaohui , Klecker Berndt , Marghitu Octav , Galvin Antoinette B. , Farrugia Charles J. , Li Xiaoyu
Published: November 2016

Generally, the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) is separated from the stream interface (SI) at about 1 AU. A recent study found an event where the HCS coincides with the SI, and in which the HCS is separated from the true sector boundary (TSB), defined by the switch of suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions. We present a multievent study by using STEREO, ACE, and Wind data during 2007 to 2010 to investigate whether other classes of such coincidence cases exist, as well as their stability. We find coincidence cases related to ideal HCSs, separated TSB and HCS, or heat flux dropouts in the vicinity; therefore, we define them as types I, II, and III. Among the nine coincidence cases, there are seven type I, one type II, and one type III. For each type, a possible schematic origin is presented. We also compared the observations on different spacecraft. Only two out of nine cases are observed by several spacecraft with a large separation, indicating that the coincidence structures are usually unstable. The study also shows that the coincidence cases have a variable connection with pseudostreamers. Interchange reconnection and pseudostreamers could play a role in forming these coincidence cases and lead to different configurations in different situations.
Modeling of ground albedo neutrons to investigate seasonal cosmic ray‐induced neutron variations measured at high‐altitude stations
Authors: Hubert G. , Pazianotto M. T. , Federico C. A.
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates seasonal cosmic ray‐induced neutron variations measured over a long‐term period (from 2011 to 2016) in both the high‐altitude stations located in medium geomagnetic latitude and Antarctica (Pic‐du‐Midi and Concordia, respectively). To reinforce analysis, modeling based on ground albedo neutrons simulations of extensive air showers and the solar modulation potential was performed. Because the local environment is well known and stable over time in Antarctica, data were used to validate the modeling approach. A modeled scene representative to the Pic‐du‐Midi was simulated with GEANT4 for various hydrogen properties (composition, density, and wet level) and snow thickness. The orders of magnitudes of calculated thermal fluence rates are consistent with measurements obtained during summers and winters. These variations are dominant in the thermal domain (i.e., En < 0.5 eV) and lesser degree in epithermal and evaporation domains (i.e., 0.5 eV < En < 0.1 MeV and 0.1 MeV < En < 20 MeV, respectively). Cascade neutron (En > 20 MeV) is weakly impacted. The role of hydrogen content on ground albedo neutron generation was investigated with GEANT4 simulations. These investigations focused to mountain environment; nevertheless, they demonstrate the complexity of the local influences on neutron fluence rates.
Thermospheric parameters long‐term variations retrieved from ionospheric observations in Europe
Authors: Mikhailov A. V. , Perrone L.
Published: November 2016

Recently developed method to retrieve thermospheric parameters (Tex, O, O2, and N2) and the total solar EUV flux with λ < 1050 Å from routine foF1 ionosonde observations has been applied to monthly median foF1 data on Rome, Slough/Chilton, and Juliusruh stations to analyze long‐term trends in the thermospheric parameters. For the first time exospheric temperature and neutral composition were obtained for June noontime conditions over the period of ~ 5 solar cycles. The retrieved parameter manifested solar cycle and long‐term (some solar cycles) variations with a rising phase in 1965–1985 and falling phase in 1985–2008. The retrieved thermospheric parameters were shown to be close to the MSIS‐86 model ones exhibiting very small (<1% per decade) and statistically insignificant linear trends estimated either over all 56 years or only over the years of solar minimum. No peculiarities in long‐term variations in relation with the last deep solar minimum have been revealed. The source of the thermospheric parameter long‐term trends is the Sun, i.e., they have a natural (not anthropogenic) origin and are mainly controlled by long‐term variations of solar and geomagnetic activity.
Tectonic tremor along the northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, between 2010 and 2015
Authors: Todd Erin K. , Schwartz Susan Y.
Published: November 2016

We present the first comprehensive tectonic tremor catalog for the northern Hikurangi Margin obtained from the systematic analysis of data from the New Zealand Seismic Network between 2010 and 2015. The recent densification of this array along the northern Hikurangi Margin has allowed for the detection and location of tectonic tremor associated with 20 out of 26 identified transients in the continuous GPS record along the east coast of the Raukumara Peninsula. Eighteen of these transients have never been reported in the literature and are likely to be slow slip events with magnitudes smaller than those previously studied. We also investigate the spatiotemporal relationships between shallow, offshore slow slip, tectonic tremor, and earthquakes for the duration of the study period.
Detection of a gas flaring signature in the AERONET optical properties of aerosols at a tropical station in West Africa
Authors: Fawole Olusegun G. , Cai Xiaoming , Levine James G. , Pinker Rachel T. , MacKenzie A. R.
Published: November 2016

The West African region, with its peculiar climate and atmospheric dynamics, is a prominent source of aerosols. Reliable and long‐term in situ measurements of aerosol properties are not readily available across the region. In this study, Version 2 Level 1.5 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data were used to study the absorption and size distribution properties of aerosols from dominant sources identified by trajectory analysis. The trajectory analysis was used to define four sources of aerosols over a 10 year period. Sorting the AERONET aerosol retrievals by these putative sources, the hypothesis that there exists an optically distinct gas flaring signal was tested. Dominance of each source cluster varies with season: desert‐dust (DD) and biomass burning (BB) aerosols are dominant in months prior to the West African Monsoon (WAM); urban (UB) and gas flaring (GF) aerosol are dominant during the WAM months. BB aerosol, with single scattering albedo (SSA) at 675 nm value of 0.86 ± 0.03 and GF aerosol with SSA (675 nm) value of 0.9 ± 0.07, is the most absorbing of the aerosol categories. The range of Absorption Angstrӧm Exponent (AAE) for DD, BB, UB and GF classes are 1.99 ± 0.35, 1.45 ± 0.26, 1.21 ± 0.38 and 0.98 ± 0.25, respectively, indicating different aerosol composition for each source. The AAE (440–870 nm) and Angstrӧm Exponent (AE) (440–870 nm) relationships further show the spread and overlap of the variation of these optical and microphysical properties, presumably due in part to similarity in the sources of aerosols and in part, due to mixing of air parcels from different sources en route to the measurement site.
Dry layers in the tropical troposphere observed during CONTRAST and global behavior from GFS analyses
Authors: Randel William J. , Rivoire Louis , Pan Laura L. , Honomichl Shawn B.
Published: November 2016

The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment was an aircraft‐based field campaign conducted from Guam (14°N, 145°E) during January–February 2014. Aircraft measurements included over 80 vertical profiles from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere (~15 km). A large fraction of these profiles revealed layered structures with very low water vapor (relative humidity <20%) and enhanced ozone, primarily in the lower‐middle troposphere (~3–9 km). Comparing CONTRAST water vapor measurements with co‐located profiles from National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses, we find good agreement for dry layers, including profile‐by‐profile comparisons and statistical behavior. We then utilize GFS data to evaluate the frequency of occurrence and 3‐D structure of dry layers for the CONTRAST period to provide perspective to the campaign measurements and evaluate the global climatological behavior based on a longer record. GFS data show that dry layers occur ~50–80% of the time in the subtropical troposphere, maximizing on the equatorward side of the subtropical jets in the winter hemisphere. Subtropical dry layers occur most frequently over isentropic levels ~320–340 K, which extend into the extratropical upper troposphere‐lower stratosphere (UTLS). Similar statistical behavior of dry, ozone‐rich layers is found in long‐term balloon measurements from Reunion Island (21°S, 56°E). The climatologically frequent occurrence of dry, ozone‐rich layers, plus their vertical and spatial structures linked to the subtropical jets, all suggest that dry layers are linked to quasi‐isentropic transport from the extratropical UTLS and suggest a ubiquitous UTLS influence on the subtropical middle troposphere.
Evaluation of novel protease inhibitors against darunavir‐resistant variants of HIV type 1
Authors: Inoue Mari , Oyama Daiki , Hidaka Koushi , Kameoka Masanori
Published: November 2016

HIV disease became a manageable chronic disease since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was introduced as the standard treatment regimen. However, the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses is a major problem associated with cART. A phenotypic drug susceptibility test using a lentiviral vector was established and applied to evaluate new protease inhibitors (PIs). Lentiviral vectors representing a wild‐type (WT‐lentivector) and darunavir (DRV)‐resistant HIV type 1 (HIV‐1) (DRVr‐lentivector) were generated. Nine clinically approved protease inhibitors (PIs) inhibited the transduction ability of WT‐lentivector similar to their inhibitory effects on the replication of WT HIV‐1. Three new PIs reduced the transduction ability of WT‐ and DRVr‐lentivector, suggesting that these PIs may be the candidates as novel antiretroviral drugs against drug‐resistant variants of HIV‐1.
McMaster Modular Assessment Program (McMAP) Through the Years: Residents' Experience With an Evolving Feedback Culture Over a 3‐year Period
Authors: Li Shelly‐Anne , Sherbino Jonathan , Chan Teresa M.
Published: November 2016

Background

Assessing resident competency in emergency department settings requires observing a substantial number of work‐based skills and tasks. The McMaster Modular Assessment Program (McMAP) is a novel, workplace‐based assessment (WBA) system that uses task‐specific and global low‐stakes assessments of resident performance. We describe the evaluation of a WBA program 3 years after implementation.

Methods

We used a qualitative approach, conducting focus groups with resident physicians in all 5 postgraduate years (n = 26) who used McMAP as part of McMaster University's emergency medicine residency program. Responses were triangulated using a follow‐up written survey. Data were analyzed using theory‐based thematic analysis. An audit trail was reviewed to ensure that all themes were captured.

Results

Findings were organized at the level of the learner (residents), faculty, and system. Residents identified elements of McMAP that were perceived as supporting or inhibiting learning. Residents shared their opinions on the feasibility of completing daily WBAs, perceptions and utilization of rating scales, and the value of structured feedback (written and verbal) from faculty. Residents also commented extensively on the evolving and improving feedback culture that has been created within our system.

Conclusion

The study describes an evolving culture of feedback that promotes the process of informed self‐assessment. A programmatic approach to WBAs can foster opportunities for feedback although barriers must still be overcome to fully realize the potential of a continuous WBA system. A professional culture change is required to implement and encourage the routine use of WBAs. Barriers, such as familiarity with assessment system logistics, faculty member discomfort with providing feedback, and empowering residents to ask faculty for direct observations and assessments must be addressed to realize the potential of a programmatic WBA system. Findings may inform future research in identifying key components of successful implementation of a programmatic workplace‐based assessment system.
Droplet formation at megahertz frequency
Authors: Miers John C. , Zhou Wenchao
Published: November 2016

Droplet formation has been a fascinating subject to scientists for centuries due to its natural beauty and importance to both scientific and industrial applications, such as inkjet printing, reagent deposition, and spray cooling. However, the droplet generation frequency of common drop‐on‐demand (DOD) jetting techniques is mostly limited to ∼10 kHz. This article presents an investigation of the possibility of jetting at megahertz frequencies to boost the productivity of DOD material deposition by ∼100 times. The focus of this article is to understand the limitations of generating droplets at a megahertz frequency and to explore possible solutions for overcoming these limitations. A numerical model is first developed for the simulation of droplet formation dynamics. The numerical model is validated against available experimental data from the literature. Aided by insights gained from scaling analysis, the validated model is then used to study the effects of different parameters on high frequency jetting. The study finds energy density input to the nozzle is the key to achieve megahertz frequency droplet breakup. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2367–2377, 2017
Homozygous variants in pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) in patients with progressive microcephaly and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy
Authors: Meng Linyan , Donti Taraka , Xia Fan , Niu Zhiyv , Al Shamsi Aisha , Hertecant Jozef , Al‐Jasmi Fatma , Gibson James B. , Nagakura Honey , Zhang Jing , He Weimin , Eng Christine , Yang Yaping , Elsea Sarah H.
Published: November 2016

Pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 2, encoded by PYCR2, is one of the three homologous enzymes that catalyze the last step of proline synthesis. Homozygous variants in PYCR2 have been reported in patients from multiple consanguineous families with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10) (MIM: 616420). Here, we report five additional patients from three families with homozygous nonsense or missense variants in PYCR2, identified through clinical exome sequencing. All patients presented with postnatally acquired microcephaly, moderate to profound global developmental delay, and failure to thrive. Brain MRI in these patients showed thin corpus callosum, delayed myelination, and generalized white‐matter volume loss. Additional phenotypes that were less consistent among patients included seizures or seizure‐like movements, spasticity and ataxic gait, recurrent vomiting, cortical blindness, dysmorphic features, joint contractures, and irritability. Exome sequencing identified homozygous variants in PYCR2 in the proband from each family: c.28C>T (p.(Glu10Ter)), c.796C>T (p.(Arg266Ter)), and c.577G>A (p.(Val193Met)). Subsequent targeted analyses demonstrated co‐segregation of the disease with the variant in the family. Despite the metabolic role of PYCR2, routine serum metabolic test in these patients were normal. To further understand the disease etiology and functions of PYCR2, small molecule metabolomics profiling was performed in plasma from three severely affected patients. No significant changes were identified in proline biosynthesis pathway or related metabolites. Studying the clinical features and the metabolic profiles of the PYCR2‐deficient patients provides a more comprehensive picture for this newly identified disorder and facilitates further research on the gene function and disease etiology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrahigh‐Resolution Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy
Authors: Foroozandeh Mohammadali , Castañar Laura , Martins Lucas G. , Sinnaeve Davy , Poggetto Guilherme Dal , Tormena Claudio F. , Adams Ralph W. , Morris Gareth A. , Nilsson Mathias
Published: November 2016

Diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is an effective method for the analysis of intact mixtures, but the quality of results is critically limited by resolution in the NMR dimension. A new experiment integrating diffusion weighting into the PSYCHE method for pure shift NMR spectroscopy allows DOSY spectra to be measured with ultrahigh NMR resolution at improved sensitivity.
Behavior‐associated Neuronal Activation After Kainic Acid‐induced Hippocampal Neurotoxicity is Modulated in Time
Authors: Aguilar‐Arredondo Andrea , López‐Hernández Fernanda , García‐Velázquez Lizbeth , Arias Clorinda , Zepeda Angélica
Published: November 2016

Kainic acid‐induced (KA) hippocampal damage leads to neuronal death and further synaptic plasticity. Formation of aberrant as well as of functional connections after such procedure has been documented. However, the impact of such structural plasticity on cell activation along time after damage and in face of a behavioral demand has not been explored. We evaluated if the mRNA and protein levels of plasticity‐related protein synaptophysin (Syp and SYP, respectively) and activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein mRNA and protein levels (Arc and Arc, respectively) in the dentate gyrus were differentially modulated in time in response to a spatial‐exploratory task after KA‐induced hippocampal damage. In addition, we analyzed Arc+/NeuN+ immunopositive cells in the different experimental conditions. We infused KA intrahippocampally to young‐adult rats and 10 or 30 days post‐lesion (dpl) animals performed a hippocampus‐activating spatial‐exploratory task. Our results show that Syp mRNA levels significantly increase at 10dpl and return to control levels after 30dpl, whereas SYP protein levels are diminished at 10dpl, but significantly increase at 30dpl, as compared to 10dpl. Arc mRNA and protein levels are both increased at 30dpl as compared to sham. Also the number of NeuN+/Arc+ cells significantly increases at 30dpl in the group with a spatial‐exploratory demand. These results provide information on the long‐term modifications associated to structural plasticity and neuronal activation in the dentate gyrus after excitotoxic damage and in face of a spatial‐exploratory behavior. Anat Rec, 300:425–432, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.