bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tüen Sie au gern apéröle, käffele oder kungfule?
Authors: Madlener Karin , Weder Mirjam , Dettwiler Sophie
Published: January 2021

How can we measure dialectal constructional productivity? Which factors determine degrees of productivity and the acceptability of creative ad hoc coinages in the domain of derivational processes? Based on data from a pilot survey (n=80), we discuss a range of factors influencing degrees of productivity/creativity for the denominal -(e)le-verb pattern (e. g., käffele, apéröle, ipödle, kungfule) in Swiss German dialects. This morphological pattern is currently highly productive, as indicated by substantial numbers of creative ad hoc coinages (oral and written evidence) as well as our participants’ acceptability judgements (for both isolated verbs and verbs in sentences) and their elicited productions (meaning paraphrases and sentence contexts for ad hoc coinages). We discuss different types of evidence for constructional productivity, based on quantitative and qualitative data. Our data indicates that schema-based frequency/familiarity effects and analogy-based pattern extension contribute to the pattern’s productivity. The fact that the verbs’ constructional contexts partly influence their acceptability indicates that the derivational pattern stretches beyond the traditional domain of morphology such that morphological, semantic, and syntactic patterns jointly determine degrees of constructional productivity.
Nicht-phonologisch konditionierter Wandel in der Kasusmorphologie isolierter germanischer Varietäten.
Authors: Baechler Raffaela , Pröll Simon
Published: January 2021

This article deals with structure and change of the nominal case systems of two isolated Germanic varieties, Visperterminen Alemannic (Valais, Switzerland) and Övdalian (Älvdal, Sweden). As both varieties inherited and retained the full vocalism in unstressed syllables of their predecessors (Old High German and Old Swedish, respectively), they provide a suitable testing ground for the examination of processes of morphological change independently of phonological processes. By comparing the particular changes in nominal inflection we analyse syncretisms, inflectional reductions and (purely morphological) strategies for compensating syncretisms in both varieties.

Despite different trajectories of case loss, both varieties yield strikingly parallel results in terms of compensation at the level of the noun phrase. The modern noun system displays nominative-accusative syncretism in the singular (minor exceptions in Övdalian) and plural, as well as nominative/accusative-dative syncretism in the singular (minor exceptions in both varieties), caused by one of two factors: We can observe that a new, non-phonologically conditioned collapse and reorganisation of inflection developed, but there is also inherited syncretism, dating back to the Middle Ages. Meanwhile, at the level of the full noun phrase (i. e. including the article and the adjective), the dative is still clearly marked as an oblique case, whereas nominative and accusative syncretise.

The diachronic comparison of these two isolated varieties with their historical precursors shows that these changes in the respective case systems – towards a ± dative system – are to be regarded as a process that is largely internal to morphology, as it is neither a side effect of phonological change nor the result of contact.
Grenzüberschreitende Identitäten im badischen Oberrheingebiet: Unterschiede in der Konstruktion sprachlicher und regionaler Verbundenheit mit dem Elsass
Authors: Pfeiffer Martin
Published: January 2021

Based on a qualitative analysis of 127 sociolinguistic interviews with speakers of Alemannic from 22 villages and towns along the Franco-German border at the Upper Rhine in Baden (Germany), this contribution investigates the construction of trans-border identities. The paper explores how Badeners perceive the relationship with Alsace (France) with regard to three thematic fields: 1) regional ties with Alsace, 2) language choice in communication across the border, and 3) comprehension of the Alsatian dialect.

Two factors are shown to play a major role for the construction of trans-border identities. First, identities vary between regions, which can be explained by historical differences, especially with respect to political circumstances. The closer the historical relationship between the respective region and Alsace, the stronger the trans-border identity. Second, there is an influence of the geographical distance to the border. The closer a village is located to the border (the Rhine), the stronger the (self- and other-)ascription of linguistic and regional ties to Alsace.

Furthermore, analysis reveals a correlation between the perception of regional ties to Alsace and language choice in trans-border communication: Persons who construct a shared regional cohesiveness across the border tend to use the Alemannic dialect when interacting with Alsatians, whereas persons who do not perceive such a cohesiveness mainly use Standard German or French.
Geschriebener Dialekt in Südtiroler Facebook-Texten
Authors: Glück Alexander , Glatznieks Aivars
Published: January 2021

This case study deals with the reflexes of unaccentuated, word-final Standard German -er in multisyllabic words, attested in German Facebook texts written by South Tyrolean Facebook users with German as (one of) their first language(s). After preliminary considerations for the analysis of written language and a presentation of the corpus, linguistic data will be related to metadata on texts and users, taking spatial, social and situational criteria into account, in this way assigning particular variants to particular varieties.
Experimental demonstration of secure 100 Gb/s IMDD transmission over a 50 km SSMF using a quantum noise stream cipher and optical coarse-to-fine modulation
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Hu , Cheng Mengfan , Liu Deming , Deng Lei
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a secure 100 Gb/s 214-level intensity modulation and direct detection transmission over a 50 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) using a quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC) technique and 8-bit digital to analog converters. Optical coarse-to-fine modulation (CTFM) has been proposed to simultaneously enhance the security and overcome the weakness of low modulation depth in the traditional CTFM scheme. The optical power instead of the radio-frequency signal power is adjusted to satisfy the required peak-to-peak relation for CTFM, and thus the coarse and fine modulation has the same modulation depth. Two optical CTFM schemes based on an optical coupler and a polarizing beam combiner (PBC) are proposed and their pros and cons are analyzed and compared. Considering the trade-off of transmission performance and security performance, the optical CTFM scheme based on PBC is preferred in our experiment. 214-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is achieved using two dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators (DD-MZM). Simultaneously, each DD-MZM is also used to achieve single-sideband (SSB) modulation to eliminate the power fading induced by fiber dispersion. By these means, 100 Gb/s 214-level PAM-QNSC signal transmission over 50 km SSMF with the bit error rate below the 7% overhead hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8×10−3 is achieved. The results validate that the proposed scheme is effective to realize low-cost, high-speed, and highly secure optical transmission in the data center.
(Un)dignified migration: Representations of the refugee in Helon Habila’s Travellers
Authors: Englund Lena
Published: January 2021

This article analyses images of the refugee in the novel Travellers (2019) by Helon Habila and examines their connection to dignity and personal history. Travellers captures the complex and intricate situations of refugees and migrants in Europe, providing insights about urgent social issues such as inequality, racism and discrimination. The novel also raises questions relating to human rights discourses and how they connect with personal history. While Travellers does not explicitly deal with the refugee crisis in 2015, during which about 1 million people sought asylum in Europe, it does address the situation of thousands of people trying to enter Europe for a variety of reasons and in different contexts. The theoretical framework is partly built around the concept of postmigration which attempts to go beyond seeing the migrant as the perpetual other and to advocate views of migration as an inherent part of society. The analysis focuses on instances of uncertainty and lack of unity, on migration as a separating, dividing experience, but also examines to what extent Travellers manifests and reinvents the postmigrant condition with its focus towards the future and seeing society itself as postmigrant, particularly through its depictions of dignity.
The Afghan refugees of Lajpat Nagar: The boundaries between them and Delhi
Authors: Roy Sohom , Mir Raoof
Published: January 2021

The political and social implications of the refugee crisis have positioned refugee studies as a crucial discipline to understand politics in contemporary times. This article aims to contribute to the discipline by exploring the example of a community of Muslim Afghan refugees in Lajpat Nagar, Delhi, India, and studying their ‘refugee experience’ through the theoretical concept of ‘boundaries’ as developed by noted American sociologist Richard Alba. The article studies the various aspects of the segregation of the refugee community by focusing on the different constituents of the boundary separating them from the citizens. The article initially discusses legal boundaries, that is the legal marginalization of refugees in general and Muslim refugees in particular by the Indian state. Through the perceptual boundary, which involves the negative perception held among citizens towards the refugee community and vice versa, social distance between the citizens and the refugee community is widened. The spatial boundary, which is the de facto ghettoization of the refugee community to a certain geographical space, forces the citizens and refugee communities to maintain minimal contact with each other. Through the linguistic boundary, further conditions leading to reduced social contact are created. In the presence of so many intersectional boundaries, this article showcases how the boundaries are sometimes blurred, and how aspects such as food or commerce can help the process of boundary breaching. The study of boundaries, their formation, effect and permeability also throws light onto other important aspects of the lives of members of the refugee community – their perception regarding mainstream Indians, their daily problems and challenges, aspirations and demands.
EXAMINING COMMUNICATION MEDIATION MODEL ON YOUTH ONLINE POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Azis Hasbullah , Pawito Pawito , Satyawan Agung
Published: January 2021

Using a communication mediation model, the present study tested the influencing factor of social media utilization on the political engagement on social media. Through O-S-O-R model proposed by McLeod, Kosicki, and McLeod, this study tested the correlation between pre-exposure (motivation) – Stimulus (media social use) – post-exposure orientation (political efficacy) – Response (political engagement) in the context of Chinese youth of Singkawang. By analyzing the Pearson correlation and linear regression of 125 respondents collected through a questionnaire, this model resulted in several findings, for example, motivation had a relationship with the use of social media for political information purposes where social utility motives had a more significant effect than other motives. The use of political information media had an influence on an individual's internal and collective efficacy rather than external efficacy. Political efficacy generated by the use of social media had an influence on the political engagement of Singkawang Chinese youth even though external efficacy was deemed a negative predictor of political engagement.
YOUNG WOMEN DIGITAL COMPETENCE IN USING THE INTERNET IN SURABAYA
Authors: Candrasari Yuli , Permata Salshabilla , Rachmania Afifah , Claretta Dyva
Published: January 2021

The growth in the number of netizens is now the impact of increasingly easy internet penetration and high penetration of social media that is easily accessed via smartphone gadgets. Research conducted by Candrasari (2016) states that female internet users cannot be separated from their social media. Within a day of 2-3 hours, his time is spent accessing digital media. Therefore digital competencies are needed for girls to avoid the negative effects of the internet. The purpose of this study is to get a picture of the competence of adolescent girls. Digital competence is a form of using technology safely and critically to facilitate work, get entertainment and to communicate (E. Encabo & Murcia, J: 2011: 166). This research was conducted on adolescent girls in Surabaya with qualitative research methods. Data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the digital competence of adolescent girls is still not good, especially in the categories of skills using the internet, information management and responsibility for using internet which is still low. Only in the category of communication and sharing digital competence of young women is good
KOMUNIKASI BUDAYA MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO-VISUAL (Studi atas film Children of Heaven, Color of Paradise, dan Baran karya Majid Majidi)
Authors: Usman A. Rani , Fauzan Ahmad , Sulaiman Azman
Published: January 2021

Karya audio-visual atau sinema adalah sarana strategis dalam proses komunikasi antar-budaya sebuah komunitas. Sejauh ini media film kerap dipakai sebagai alat propaganda kepentingan politik partisan dan parsial yang melahirkan kesalahpahaman untuk memahami sebuah kebudayaan. Penghancuran makna dan nilai budaya milik sebuah bangsa selalu melibatkan media audio-visual untuk menciptakan efek psikologis lebih jauh dalam usaha membangun opini dan menggalang massa. Iran dan kebudayaannya menjadi korban dari kesalahpahaman duni, namun film-film produksi sineas Iran kemudian membuka ‘dialog kebudayaan’ secara artistik dan berwibawa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan pola komunikasi budaya Iran melalui media sinema dan melihat simbol-simbol kebudayaan Iran mempengaruhi komunikasi budaya. Penelitian kualitatif memakai metode diskriptif analisis pada anasir komunikasi budaya yang diintroduksi pesan-pesan dalam film-film Iran. Metode ini berupaya menafsirkan makna dan perilaku yang ditampilkan manusia dalam situasi tertentu menurut perspektif teori yang dipakai. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa tiga film karya sutradara terkenal dari Iran Majid Majidi yaitu; Children of Heaven, Colur of Paradise dan Baran sangat efektif mengomunikasikan segala hal penting dalam kebudayaan Iran untuk melihat dan mendalami semangat ketahanan masyarakat Iran hari ini yang jarang termaktub dalam berita-berita akibat politik global. Representasi kebudayaan Iran disana sangat natural dan sederhana tanpa memakai rekayasa gambar (visual-effect) dalam cerita sehari-sehari. Reproduksi kebudayaan Iran dalam ketiga film di atas memakai pendekatan dan sudut-pengambilan-gambar (shooting) yang terukur, intens dan subtil. Semangat sufisme dan altruime mencuat dalam proses produksi dan kontens sinematik Iran.
Media Literasi Di Kalangan Guru: Upaya Mencegah Ekstrimisme dan Radikalisasi Di Sekolah
Authors: Setyo Bono
Published: January 2021

One of the biggest global challenges of this era is the rise in extreme violent behavior (extremism) and radicalization among the younger generation, especially high school students. The most prominent extremism and radicalism today is religion-based, which is generally driven by the exclusivity of ideological, political, racial or ethnic groups. We cannot deny the fact that the group most vulnerable to extremism and radicalism is a group of middle school students, given their age in the search for identity and sometimes burning by excess energy which if not channeled into positive channels can actually increase the tendency of extremism and radicalization. One of the biggest determinants of extremist tendencies and radicalization towards students is the teacher and the school environment. Compared with parents, teachers have more frequency and intensity of interaction with them, so teachers are expected to be able to teach and give examples of character values such as attitude of respect, tolerance, mutual respect for differences, honesty, and others. Therefore the inculcation of values is characterized by preventing extremism and radicalization and must be preceded by efforts to increase teacher understanding through media literacy.
LIBERAL ISLAM AND ITS INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF QURANIC EXEGESIS IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Authors: Amin Ahmad Syaifuddin , Syarifah Maisyatusy Syarifah
Published: January 2021

Liberal Islamic movements in Indonesia and Malaysia are still active in voicing their thoughts although they have been strongly rejected by some local religious authorities. Even though it is no longer as massive as it used to be, its influence in the development of interpretations of the Qur'an is still very pronounced today. This study examines the influence of Liberal Islamic thought on the development of Quranic exegesis in Indonesia and Malaysia and focuses on Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) and Sisters in Islam (SIS), which are the most influential Liberal Islamic movements in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia. The data were collected from literature references with textual analysis as the main method. The results of this study indicate that the influence of JIL in the development of Quranic exegesis in Indonesia: first, the influence on the authority of interpretation by urging the Al-Quran. Second, the influence on the methodology of interpretation. Although JIL was not the initiator, JIL has a significant influence in bringing the flow of contextual methodology, maqāṣid approaches, hermeneutics, and other contemporary methods to Indonesia. Third, the influence on the popularization of new interpretive issues, such as human rights and gender. Meanwhile, SIS does not have a significant influence on the interpretation of the Quran in Malaysia like JIL, because: first, the hermeneutic approach used by SIS in the interpretation of the Quran is Amina Wadud's hermeneutics, so she is more famous than SIS itself. Second, the liberal Islamic movement in Malaysia is strongly opposed by the Malaysian kingdom.Keywords: JIL, SIS, Quranic exegesis, Contextual, Hermeneutic
THE DEFINITION OF THE SUNNAH ACCORDING TO ISMAILISM: A CRITICAL READING
Authors: Mahmoud Ramy
Published: January 2021

This research discusses the understanding of the sunnah according to Ismailism. The understanding of the Sunnah has been dominated by the definition of sunnah according to Sunni, the characteristic of Sunni in understanding the concept of sunnah by using Sunnah as a source of Islamic law and also giving more attention to the ahl bayt  and also to the Sahaba. This notion is different from Shi’ah’s thought that only believes in ahl bayt, regardless of Sahaba. The difference between the two groups in seeing the degree of Sahaba makes the deferent of sunnah among them. By researching some of the of Ismailism’s thought in the definition of sunnah, this study is expected to contribute ideas related to Ismailism's method in understanding the sunnah, and in judging the authenticity of sunnah, and to analyze the consistency of application to the sunnah according to Ismailism. This research shows that Ismailism followed esoteric approach to understand the concept of sunnah. This approach causes the sunnah position is not prioritized in the scientific structure of Ismailism. The reason for the small concern in Ismailism’s thought towards the Sunnah is basically started from their understanding about the verses of the Holy Qur'an, and their esoteric interpretation corresponds to the pillars of Ismailism. Keywords: Ismailism, Sunnah, Sunni, Shi’a, Critical Reading
GENDER ANALYSIS ON THE MISIOGYNIS HADITHS IN AL-KUTUB AL-TIS’AH
Authors: Najwah Nurun
Published: January 2021

In patriarchal culture, some hadith texts are as main sources of legitimacy for dehumanization of women. The hadith texts are documented in the popular hadith books. This, encourages the strong notion that Islam supports discrimination against women. Whereas, the Prophet Muhammad SAW. has made great efforts in humanizing women. The role of the Prophet in humanizing women is manifested in the discourse of hadith. thus, a new understanding is needed in interpreting misogynistic hadiths. In this context, this study aims to reread the misogynistic hadiths in al-Kutub al-Tis'ah (Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan at-Turmudzi, Sunan Ibn Majah, Sunan ad-Darimi, Musnad Muwaththa' Iman Malik, Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal) that related to women as personal, worship, marriage, and public spaces. To achieve this purpose, this study uses takhrij method by confirming from various hadith. As part of the data analysis, this study used gender analysis to map the form of discrimination and reinterpretation of the hadiths. The study conclude that there are 60 misogynistic hadith texts in five forms (22 subordinations, 18 violence, 15 stereotypes, 3 marginalizations, and 2 double burdens), caused by textual, partial and unhistorical interpretations. The rereading of the hadith texts is done holistically by linking and presenting verses of the Qur'an, hadiths and other texts integratively, comprehensively, taking into account historical aspects, and basic ideas of hadith. Keywords: Hadith Text, Misogynist, al-Kutub al-Tis`ah, Humanizing Women
REDEFINING THE MEANING OF ASY-SYIFA’ IN THE QUR’AN AS QUR’ANIC HEALING IN PHYSICAL AILMENTS
Authors: Hidayah Aida , Firdausi Fitriana
Published: January 2021

In the historical record of Islam, even in the early era of the formation of Islam, the practice of treating the Koran or certain units of the Koran into something meaningful in the practical life of the people has basically occurred. The history of Islam also records the existence of the phenomenon of treating physical ailments by reciting the holy verses of the Koran, for example the al-Fatihah which was read by a companion of the prophet which can remove the effects of poisonous stings. This phenomenon continues and is widely practiced by Muslims. However, not a few consider it an act of shirk because it treats the verses of the Koran as inappropriate for their function and is considered influenced by other cultures that are contrary to Islamic rules. that notion is based on the meaning of the word Asy-Syifa' in the Qur'an which tends to specialize in the meaning of spiritual healing. This article attempts to review the concept of asy-Syifa” in the Qur’an, especially in relation to the use of Qur'anic verses as a method of treating physical ailments. This research is a library research using the theory of Kamaruddin Hidayat concerning the steps of interpretation, namely using the verses of the Koran as a source of interpretation, adding information from the hadith of the prophet and paying attention to the community environment when the Qur'an was revealed and the use of a word used in that community. The results of this research reveal that the word asy-Syifa” in the Koran can also mean a cure or medicine for all kinds of diseases, both mental and physical ailments. Keywords: Al-Qur’an, asy-Syifa’, treatment of physical ailments
A simple method for long-term vital-staining of ciliated epidermal cells in aquatic larvae
Authors: Döhren Jörn von , Kuhl Sabrina
Published: January 2021

Observing the process of growth and differentiation of tissues and organs is of crucial importance for the understanding of the evolution of organs in animals. Unfortunately, it is notoriously difficult to continuously monitor developmental processes due to the extended time they take. Long-term labeling of the tissues of interest represents a promising alternative to raise these pivotal data. In the case of the prototroch, a band of ciliated cells typical of marine, planktotrophic trochophora larvae, we were able to apply a long-term fluorescent vital-staining to the prototroch cells that remains detectable throughout further larval life. We were able to stain ciliated cells of planktonic larvae from different spiralian clades by using long-chain dialkylcarbocyanine dyes that are detectable in different fluorescent emission spectra in combination with a non-ionic surfactant. The larvae survived and developed normally, their ciliated cells retaining the originally applied fluorescent labels. Combined with additional fluorescent staining of the larvae after fixation, we provide an easy, versatile, and broadly applicable method to investigate the processes of the differentiation of epidermal organs in various aquatic larvae.
A simplified design for the C. elegans lifespan machine
Authors: Abbott Mark , A. Banse Stephen , Melentijevic Ilija , M. Jarrett Cody , St. Ange Jonathan , A. Sedore Christine , Falkowski Ron , W. Blue Benjamin , L. Coleman-Hulbert Anna , Johnson Erik , Guo Max , J. Lithgow Gordon , C. Phillips Patrick , Driscoll Monica
Published: January 2021

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) lifespan assays constitute a broadly used approach for investigating the fundamental biology of longevity. Traditional C. elegans lifespan assays require labor-intensive microscopic monitoring of individual animals to evaluate life/death over a period of weeks, making large-scale high throughput studies impractical. The lifespan machine developed by Stroustrup et al. (2013) adapted flatbed scanner technologies to contribute a major technical advance in the efficiency of C. elegans survival assays. Introducing a platform in which large portions of a lifespan assay are automated enabled longevity studies of a scope not possible with previous exclusively manual assays and facilitated novel discovery. Still, as initially described, constructing and operating scanner-based lifespan machines requires considerable effort and expertise. Here we report on design modifications that simplify construction, decrease cost, eliminate certain mechanical failures, and decrease assay workload requirements. The modifications we document should make the lifespan machine more accessible to interested laboratories.
A simple and robust cell-based assay for the discovery of novel cytokinesis inhibitors
Authors: Radnai Laszlo , F. Stremel Rebecca , Vaissiere Thomas , Lin Li , Cameron Michael , H. Martin William , Rumbaugh Gavin , M. Kamenecka Theodore , R. Griffin Patrick , A. Miller Courtney
Published: January 2021

Cytokinesis is the last step of mitotic cell division that separates the cytoplasm of dividing cells. Small molecule inhibitors targeting either the elements of the regulatory pathways controlling cytokinesis, or the terminal effectors have been of interest as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases. Here we present a detailed protocol for a cell-based cytokinesis assay that can be used for the discovery of novel cytokinesis inhibitors. The assay is performed in a 96-well plate format in 48 h. Living cells, nuclei and nuclei of dead cells are identified by a single staining step using three fluorescent dyes, followed by rapid live cell imaging. The primary signal is the nuclei-to-cell ratio (NCR). In the presence of cytokinesis inhibitors, this ratio increases over time, as the ratio of multinucleated cells increases in the population. The ratio of dead nuclei to total nuclei provides a simultaneous measure of cytotoxicity. A screening window coefficient (Z`) of 0.65 indicates that the assay is suitable for screening purposes, as the positive and negative controls are well-separated. EC50 values can be reliably determined in a single 96-well plate by using only six different compound concentrations, enabling the testing of 4 compounds per plate. An excellent test-retest reliability (R2 = 0.998) was found for EC50 values covering a ~1500-fold range of potencies. Established small molecule inhibitors of cytokinesis operating via direct action on actin dynamics or nonmuscle myosin II are used to demonstrate the robustness, simplicity and flexibility of the assay.
Progress in the Study of the Left Atrial Function Index in Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Huang Pei , Zhang Yi , Tang Yi , Fu Qinghua , Zheng Zhaofen , Yang Xiaoyan , Yu Yingli
Published: January 2021

Some studies have shown that left ventricular structure and function play an important role in the risk stratification and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The clinical application of left atrial function in cardiovascular disease has gradually attracted attention in the cardiovascular field. There are many traditional methods to evaluate left atrial function. Left atrial function related indexes measured by echocardiography has been identified as a powerful predictor of cardiovascular disease in recent years, but they have some limitations. The left atrial function index has been found to evaluate left atrial function more effectively than traditional parameters. Furthermore, it is a valuable predictor of the risk stratification and prognosis in patients with clinical cardiovascular disease such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.
The effects of cow genetic group on the density of raw whole milk
Authors: Parmar P. , Lopez-Villalobos N. , Tobin J.T. , Murphy E. , Buckley F. , McDonagh A. , O’Mahony J.A. , Crowley S.V. , Kelly A.L. , Shalloo L.
Published: January 2021

The density of milk is dependent upon various factors including temperature, processing conditions, and animal breed. This study evaluated the effect of different cow genetic groups, Jersey, elite Holstein Friesians (EHF), and national average Holstein Friesians (NAHF) on the compositional and physicochemical properties of milk. Approximately 1,040 representative (morning and evening) milk samples (~115 per month during 9 mo) were collected once every 2 wk. Milk composition was determined with a Bentley Dairyspec instrument. Data were analysed with a mixed linear model that included the fixed effects of sampling month, genetic group, interaction between month and genetic group and the random effects of cow to account for repeated measures on the same animal. Milk density was determined using three different analytical approaches – a portable and a standard desktop density meter and 100 cm3 calibrated glass pycnometers. Milk density was analysed with the same mixed model as for milk composition but including the analytical method as a fixed effect. Jersey cows had the greatest mean for fat content (5.69 ± 0.13%), followed by EHF (4.81 ± 0.16%) and NAHF (4.30 ± 0.15%). Milk density was significantly higher (1.0313 g/cm3 ± 0.00026, P < 0.05) for the milk of Jersey breed when compared to the EHF (1.0304 ± 0.00026 g/cm3) and NAHF (1.0303 ± 0.00024 g/cm3) genetic groups. The results from this study can be used by farmers and dairy processors alike to enhance accuracy when calculating the quantity and value of milk solids depending upon the genetic merit of the animal/herd, and may also improve milk payment systems through relating milk solids content and density.
Osman I, father of kings
Authors: Fleifel Bassem
Published: January 2021

Osman I. or Osman Bay (full form: Abū al-mulūk al-Sulṭān al-ghāzī Fakhr al-Dīn QaraʻUthmān Khān al-awwal bin Ertuğrul bin Sulaymān Shāh al-qayawi al-Turkumānī), was the leader of the Kayı Turkic clan, one of the border governors for the Sultanate of Rûm, and the founder of the Ottoman dynasty that ruled over the Balkans, Anatolia, the Levant, and North Africa for 600 years until it expired with the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1922.
Demak Sultanate: The Fortress of Islamic Greatness in the Middle Ages Java Island
Authors: Hasyim Abdul Wahid
Published: January 2021

This article focused on the Demak Sultanate as a stronghold of Islamic greatness in Java island in the Middle Ages. The research used a qualitative method with historical approaches and policy theories. Data collection techniques were done through heuristic stages, internal and external criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research aimed to answer questions about the historical establishment of the Demak Sultanate and its policies until it became a powerful country and a stronghold of Islamic greatness. This research unveiled important findings. First, Islam, which existed in 1082 on the efforts and struggle of Wali Songo, continued to develop until the Muslim community was formed. Second, the Demak Sultanate, which lasted for almost half a century, was ruled by three sultans; and with their policies, it became a stronghold of Islamic greatness in Java. Third, the Demak Sultanate grew to be an Islamic power center beside Pasai, Malacca, Aceh, Ternate and Tidore. The Demak Sultanate could fend off Portuguese influence which built alliances and conspiracies with the Pajajaran Kingdom in Ujung Barat and Panarukan in the Eastern Edge of Java Island, and Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan, giving rise to the expression of "Because of Demak, Christianity failed to dominate in Java and some areas outside Java,” and Islam became stronger in Java that being “Javanese was the same as being Muslim.”
Quranic Moral in Pancasila: Efforts to Strengthen Mental Revolution Through the First Principle of Pancasila
Authors: Shodiq Muhammad
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to reveal that the values contained in Pancasila were relevant to the values contained in the Al-Qur’an. Al-Qur’an morals that were relevant to the Pancasila mentality were worthy of being the guide and strengthening of the mental revolution in Indonesia This study was a library research using a social and political psychological approach. The primary data were the verses of morality in the Al-Qur’an and the points of Pancasila; while the secondary data were Al-Mi>za>n by Thaba'thaba'i, and Al-Ja>mi 'li Ah{ka>m al-Qura>n by al-Qurt{ubi > and some literature relevant to this research. This study found that the concept of one and only Godhead in the first principle of Pancasila was the concept of tawhid governing another four principles. Besides mental revolution was the application of Pancasila morals that was in harmony with the Al-Qur’an so that the Indonesian people could arouse their tawhid passion in all aspects of life. Believing in God Almighty steadily gave birth to obedience, loyalty and obedience to all His commandments. Implementing all religious teachings formed a humane society that was just and civilized, united in Indonesian unity, by prioritizing the attitude of deliberation, in realizing fair social justice in various forms in the fields of economy, politics, law and education. This research concluded that the mental revolution of Pancasila should be within the mental framework of the One and Only Godhead.
Effect of drug-induced pathomorphosis on oral cavity organs and tissues in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with coronary heart disease: A clinical case
Authors: Emelyanova Nataliya , Komir Irina
Published: January 2021

This article describes a clinical case of a patient, as well as literature data confirming the direct mutual influence of lesions in the oral cavity and the bronchocardiac complex pathology. Special attention is paid to the side effects of the main drugs prescribed in the basic therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, combined with coronary heart disease. It is noted that the drug-induced pathomorphosis can cause the development of periodontal lesions. Insufficient knowledge of these issues and the practical need for corrective measures to be taken by dentists with this category of patients warrant the relevance of research in this direction.
Monitoring and Testing Based on Multi-Level Program Specifications
Authors: Petrenko Alexander Konstantinovich , Efremov Denis Valentinovich , Kornykhin Eugeny Valerievich , Khoroshilov Alexey Vladimirovich , Shchepetkov Ilya Viktorovich , Kuliamin Victor Vyacheslavovich
Published: January 2021

Research on formal methods of software development and verification focuses on building specifications using incremental and iterative development methodologies. The presence of several levels of specifications simplifies proving of properties, since it is possible to reuse the proofs that were performed for more abstract layers of the model. It is desirable to use the same models that were used for formal verification also in testing of real systems for compliance with the requirements set by these models. In practice, large software systems are described by multi-level models. There was no experience of using such models as the basis for testing and monitoring. The paper discusses various methods for developing multi-level models, new opportunities that can be obtained through a combination of functional specifications and implementation-level refinements, limitations that must be considered during testing and monitoring of real systems for compliance with multi-level models.
A Survey of Network Traffic Classification
Authors: Getman Aleksandr Igorevich , Ikonnikova Maria Kirillovna
Published: January 2021

This survey is dedicated to the task of network traffic classification, particularly to the use of machine learning algorithms in this task. The survey begins with the description of the task, its variations and possible uses in real-world problems. It then proceeds to the description of the methods used historically to solve this task, their limitations and evolution of traffic making machine learning the main way to solve the problem. Then the most popular machine learning algorithms used in this task are described, with the examples of research papers, providing the insight into their advantages and disadvantages in relation to this field. The task of feature selection is discussed, followed by the more global problem of acquiring the suitable dataset to use in the research; some examples of such popular datasets and their descriptions are provided. The paper concludes with the outline of the current problems in this research area to be solved.
Modeling Technical and Mathematical Tasks of Applied Knowledge Areas on Computers
Authors: Lavrischeva Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Petrov Igor Borisovich
Published: January 2021

The paper considers modeling of technical problems and problems of applied mathematics, their algorithms and programming. The characteristics of the numerical modeling of technical problems and applied mathematics are given: physical and technical experiments, energy, ballistic and seismic methods of I.V. Kurchatov, starting with mathematical methods of the 17-20th centuries, the first computers and computers. The analysis of the first technical problems and problems of applied mathematics, their modeling, algorithmization and programming using the A.A. Lyapunov graph-schematic language, address language and programming languages is given. Numerical methods are presented, implemented under the guidance of A.A. Dorodnitsyn, A.A. Samarsky, O.M. Belotserkovsky and other scientists on modern supercomputers. Examples of mathematical modeling of the biological problem of eye treatment and the subject of «Computational geometry» on the Internet are given.
Symbolic Execution Based Intra-Procedural Analysis for Search for Defects
Authors: Borodin Alexey Evgenevich , Dudina Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2021

Svace is a static analysis tool for bug detection in C/C++/Java source code. To analyze a program, Svace performs an intra-procedure analysis of individual functions, starting from the leaves of a call-graph and moving towards the roots, and uses summaries of previously analyzed procedures at call-cites. In this paper, we overview the approaches and techniques employed by Svace for the intra-procedural analysis. This phase is performed by an analyzer engine and an extensible set of detectors. The core engine employs a symbolic execution approach with state merging. It uses value numbering to reduce the set of symbolic expressions, maintains points-to relationship graph for memory modeling, and performs strong and weak updates of program values. Detectors are responsible for discovering and reporting bugs. They calculate different properties of program values using a variety of abstract domains. All detectors work simultaneously orchestrated by the engine. Svace analysis is unsound and employs a variety of heuristics to speed-up. We designed Svace to analyze big projects (several MLOCs) in just a few hours and report as many warnings as possible, while keeping a good quality of reports ≥ 65 of true positives). For example, Tizen 5.5 (20MLOC) analysis takes 8.6 hours and produces 18,920 warnings, more than 70% of which are true-positive.
Estimation of risk factors affecting patients associated with bronchial asthma in Basrah, southern Iraq: Case-control observational study.
Authors: Alsaimary Ihsan Edan , Mezban Falih Hmood
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to describe some of the risk factors  of asthma in Basra south in Iraq; The study showed that (3,5) age group population were more affected with asthma (27.9%) and the Females were more affected than males in group 2,3and 5 (6.4%,15.7% and 14.7%)respectively compared to( 4.9%, 12.3% and 13.2) .In same group of male. While There were (68.6%) of patients came from urban areas in comparison to (31.4%) of cases who came from rural areas. The Smoking patients with positive (43.1%). and well patients with animal contact positive their proportion was while (49%). Seasonal asthma attack in male (23.5%) more than female (20.6%) the perennial asthma attach was recorded in male (29%) more than female (26.9%) in this study show Asthmatic patients with other allergy about (15.7%) and with chronic diseases (31.9%). The percentage of patients with positive family history were 39.2% of the cases.
Estimation of serum inflammatory cytokines( IL-4, IL 10 and IL 17) and total IgE concentrations in patients with bronchial asthma by ELISA technique.
Authors: Alsaimary Ihsan Edan , Mezban Falih Hmood
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the levels of immunomodulators by ELISA techniques . This study grouped asthmatic patients into three group of allergy modes according to concentration of total IgE measured by (ELISA ) in which it was found that mode of allergy (very probable) IgE>100 IU. The immunological parameters included: measurement of IL 4 ,10 and 17 .    The study showed a high significant elevation of various interleukin 4,10 and 17 . IL-4 record elevated in age group 3 in male (11.40) and group 5 male (18), IL-10 record elevated in age group 4 female (12.30).IL-17 record record elevated in age group 2 female and 3 male(12.90).
Statin use and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence
Authors: Mansour Musa Basheer , Ahmedana Sara Elsheikh
Published: January 2021

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KERAGAAN PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Limbong Mario
Published: January 2021

Perairan Kabupaten Tangerang memiliki potensi sumber daya ikan yang cukup besar. Saat ini, pengaruh kegiatan pesisir dan pola penangkapan telah mengakibatkan terjadinya dinamika penangkapan ikan yang mempengaruhi jumlah hasil tangkapan nelayan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis keragaan perikanan tangkap seperti sebaran jumlah alat tangkap, jumlah kapal penangkap ikan, dan daerah penangkapan ikan di perairan Kabupaten Tangerang. Data keragaan perikanan tangkap dianalisis secara deskriptif, dan pemetaan spasial dianalisis menggunakan sistem informasi geografis kelautan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah alat penangkapan ikan di Kabupaten Tangerang sekitar 22.495 unit yang didominasi alat tangkap bubu sekitar 18.750 unit. Sebaran alat penangkapan ikan terbanyak tedapat di Desa Dadap, Ketapang dan Tanjung Kait. Jumlah kapal penangkap ikan di Kabupaten Tangerang sekitar 3.212 kapal yang didominasi kapal berukuran <5 GT yaitu sekitar 2.125 kapal, berukuran 5 – 10 GT sekitar 905 kapal, dan berukuran 10 – 30 GT sekitar 182 kapal. Sebagian besar kapal terdapat di Pusat Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Kronjo, PPI Cituis, dan Desa Dadap. Daerah penangkapan ikan utama kapal <5 GT mengalami pergeseran ke arah timur laut Kabupaten Tangerang. Daerah penangkapan ikan utama kapal > 5 GT berada di Pulau Lancang, Pulau Laki, Pulau Bokor, dan Pulau Pari. The waters of Tangerang Regency have considerable potential for fish resources. At present, the influence of coastal activities and fishing patterns has resulted in fishing dynamics that affect the amount of fishermen’s catch. The research objective is to analyze the fisheries performance, such as the distribution of the number of fishing gears, the number of fishing vessels, and the fishing grounds in Tangerang Regency waters. Capture fisheries performance data were analyzed descriptively, and spatial mapping was analyzed using a marine geographic information system. The results showed that the number of fishing gear in Tangerang Regency was around 22,495 units, dominated by around 18,750 units of traps. The largest distribution of fishing gear is in the villages of Dadap, Ketapang, and Tanjung Kait. The number of fishing vessels in Tangerang Regency around 3,212 vessels, dominated by <5 GT boats size, namely 2,125 boats, 5-10 GT around 905 boats, and 10-30 GT around 182 boats. Most of the vessels were based in PPI Kronjo, PPI Cituis, and Dadap Village. The main fishing grounds for vessels <5 GT has shifted to the northeast of Tangerang Regency. The main fishing grounds for vessels over 5 GT are on Lancang Island, Laki Island, Bokor Island, and Pari Island.
Les nouveaux régimes de la critique des _néotextes_ numériques
Authors: Apollon Daniel
Published: January 2021

Le passage en quelques décennies des régimes éditoriaux prénumériques (manuscrits et imprimés) à un régime _néotextuel_ numérique généralisé en mutation constante pose non seulement le problème des conséquences de ce changement de matérialité, mais remet aussi en question la notion même de matérialité textuelle. L’auteur rejette les deux idées selon lesquelles les phénomènes de rupture ou de continuité entre les régimes prénumériques et les régimes numériques observés dans les _néotextes_ numériques procéderaient uniquement de cette nouvelle matérialité. Prenant les deux cas de la genèse et de la généalogie des articles de Wikipédia, et de la paratextualisation grandissante des contenus numériques, l’auteur esquisse les contours d’une critique néotextuelle, alliant l’héritage de la philologie historique et de la « nouvelle philologie » à l’analyse des modes d’éditorialisation numérique.
Le rôle de l’amateur dans la construction des savoirs (XIXe-XXIe siècles)siècles)
Authors: Pety Dominique
Published: January 2021

La figure de l’amateur, héritée des pratiques culturelles de l’Ancien régime, est en train de retrouver un rôle de premier plan à l’ère des technologies numériques collaboratives. Dans cette nouvelle « économie de la contribution » (B. Stiegler), on peut faire figurer diverses pratiques informationnelles, conversationnelles ou créatives, mais aussi les apports à des projets scientifiques collaboratifs qu’on range désormais sous l’étiquette des « sciences participatives » ou « sciences citoyennes ». C’est également la notion de patrimoine qui est aujourd’hui puissamment questionnée par les technologies numériques et leur dimension participative : on mesure mieux en quoi les individus (et non plus seulement les institutions), les profanes (et non plus seulement les spécialistes) peuvent contribuer au processus de la patrimonialisation, et à la légitimation qu’elle confère en retour à de nouveaux objets de savoir, ou à de nouveaux modes d’appropriation du savoir. C’est donc cette filiation entre l’amateur du XIXe siècle et l’internaute contemporain, à la croisée des sciences participatives et des nouveaux modèles numériques de patrimonialisation, que nous voudrions analyser, en nous interrogeant particulièrement sur la transformation des sociabilités, des valeurs et des représentations attachées désormais aux pratiques de l’amateur.