bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panorama perceptual de la aplicación del Programa Pueblos Mágicos en Jerez, Zacatecas
Authors: Alcalá-Flores Nora Edith , Alcalá-Aguilar Mayra Janeth , Botello Marlene Italia , Palos-Sánchez Nayere
Published: November 2021

Problemática: en 2007 Jerez se incorpora al Programa Pueblos Mágicos de la Secretaría de Turismo del Gobierno Federal, buscando un consecuente incremento de la actividad turística. Objetivos: la motivación para realizar esta investigación es la de caracterizar, desde la perspectiva y opinión de autoridades locales, habitantes, turistas y empresarios, los beneficios obtenidos, si es que estos son perceptibles para ellos. Materiales y métodos: bajo una metodología de investigación con un enfoque mixto, el estudio de campo recabó datos mediante encuestas específicamente diseñadas para cada población objeto de estudio. El tratamiento y el análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante un software estadístico. Resultados y discusión: con base en el análisis de resultados se puede determinar que, de acuerdo con la percepción de los pobladores, empresarios y autoridades, no existe información estadística suficiente para asegurar que el Programa Pueblos Mágicos del Gobierno Federal haya impulsado el desarrollo de Jerez. Conclusiones: la investigación concluye que existen diferencias en los beneficios percibidos de acuerdo con la población de estudio que se trate, por lo que deben considerarse los aspectos en los que existen diferencias perceptivas para identificar las estrategias en las cuales se depositan los esfuerzos. Contribución: en general, se aportan estrategias que pueden contribuir a un mejor aprovechamiento de la marca de Pueblo Mágico en esa localidad y, sobre todo, incidir positivamente en su desarrollo social y económico.
An effective method for determining consensus in large collectives
Authors: Dang Dai , Nguyen Thanh , Hwang Dosam
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, using the consensus of collectives for solving problems plays an essential role in our lives. The rapid development of information technology has facilitated the collection of distributed knowledge from autonomous sources to find solutions to problems. Consequently, the size of collectives has increased rapidly. Determining consensus for a large collective is very time-consuming and expensive. Thus, this study proposes a vertical partition method (VPM) to find consensus in large collectives. In the VPM, the primary collective is first vertically partitioned into small parts. Then, a consensus-based algorithm is used to determine the consensus for each smaller part. Finally, the consensus of the collective is determined based on the consensuses of the smaller parts. The study demonstrates, both theoretically and experimentally, that the computational complexity of the VPM is lower than 57.1% that of the basic consensus method (BCM). This ratio reduces quickly if the number of smaller parts reduces.
Tecnologías en los sistemas de propulsión híbridos: revisión de literatura
Authors: Mejía Cisneros Guillermo , Ordoñez Casanova Elsa , Trejo Mandujano Héctor Alejandro
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se presenta un resumen de una diversidad de desarrollos tecnológicos en los sistemas híbridos para la propulsión automotriz. Para ello, se buscaron en Google Scholar palabras clave como propulsión híbrida, autos eléctricos y conversión a híbrido. En total, se consiguieron cerca de 100 documentos publicados entre 1978 y 2018. En los datos recabados, se encontró que los sistemas de propulsión híbridos (gasolina y electricidad) presentan cinco áreas que describen el desarrollo tecnológico: unidad de potencia; sistema de control de potencia; sistema de almacenamiento de energía; estructura o arquitectura del tren motriz, y sistema para regenerar energía. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de vehículos eléctricos e híbridos aún requiere de mayor desarrollo para igualar o superar el desempeño y las características de los vehículos de MCI. Para lograrlo, se debe hacer énfasis en mejorar el sistema de almacenamiento de energía para alcanzar mayores recorridos por carga, así como incrementar la densidad de energía (kW/peso), reducir los costos, prolongar los ciclos de cargas y disminuir el tiempo de recarga.
PEMODELAN SEISMIK PADA STRUKTUR GEOLOGI KOMPLEKS MENGGUNAKAN METODE COMMON REFLECTION SURFACE (CRS)
Authors: Dani Ilham , Sule Mohammad Rachmat
Published: November 2021

Pemodelan seismik merupakan tahap penting untuk memahami respon bawah permukaan bumi terhadap gelombang seismik yang digambarkan dalam bentuk energi seismik refleksi. Walaupun saat ini teknologi pengolahan data seismik telah meningkat dengan pesat, ketidakakuratan posisi reflektor dalam penampang seismik yang dihasilkan tetap saja sering ditemukan, terutama pada daerah dengan struktur geologi kompleks. Model geologi struktur kompleks pada penelitian ini mengacu pada arsitektur glasiotektonik di daerah Fur Knudeklint, Denmark yang memiliki banyak patahan dan lipatan dengan skala kecil. Hasil simulasi perambatan gelombang dengan metode penjalaran sinar dilakukan dari dua arah akuisisi berbeda menggunakan perangkat lunak Norsar 2D untuk mendapatkan seismogram sintetik. Data yang dihasilkan kemudian digunakan sebagai masukan untuk pengolahan data seismik secara konvensional maupun menggunakan metode Common Reflector Surface (CRS) Stack. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa akuisisi data dari arah foot wall memberikan citra reflektor yang lebih representatif dibandingkan dari arah sebaliknya. Penegasan kualitas reflektor terlihat jelas di tiga area utama, yaitu CDP 20-100, CDP 120-180 dan CDP 160-330. Dengan demikian, metode CRS Stack berhasil merekonstruksi reflektor-reflektor berupa lipatan kecil dan perlapisan tipis pada struktur geologi kompleks dengan kualitas lebih baik dibandingkan metode konvensional.
INTERPRETASI STRUKTUR GEOLOGI PADA AREA GEOPARK CILETUH DENGAN ANALISIS DERIVATIF DATA GAYABERAT GGMPLUS
Authors: Panggabean Adib Ihsan , Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah , Jhanesta William
Published: November 2021

Geopark Ciletuh terletak di Kecamatan Ciemas sebelah barat Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Pada Geopark Ciletuh terdapat adanya batuan Pra-Tersier yang tersingkap di permukaan dan juga terdapat berbagai macam struktur yang terbentuk akibat terjadinya pergerakan tektonik di sebelah barat daya Geopark Ciletuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan mendelineasi struktur pada Geopark Ciletuh yang timbul oleh adanya perbedaan densitas dengan metode gaya berat. Pada penelitian ini digunakan analisis derivatif first horizontal derivative (FHD) untuk mengetahui keberadaan struktur dan second vertical derivative (SVD) untuk menentukan jenis patahan. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan dip estimation dengan metode multi-level second vertical derivative (ML-SVD). Setelah didapatkan data FHD, SVD, dan ML-SVD selanjutnya diintegrasikan dengan data geological section dari peta geologi Lembar Jampang Balekembang untuk dibuat penampang geologi. Interpretasi dugaan patahan memiliki arah orientasi NW-SE dan NE-SW. Hasil penelitian menujukkan adanya indikasi dugaan patahan naik dan patahan turun. Pada analisis terpadu, didapatkan adanya kesesuaian maupun ketidakkesesuaian antara data peta geologi dengan data geofisika.
Kütük Çapı ve Kütük Yüksekliği ile Göğüs Çapı İlişkisi: Kastamonu- Göynük Örneği
Authors: DURKAYA Birsen , DAĞLI Cihan
Published: November 2021

Ormancılık faaliyetleri sırasında usulsüz kesimler önemli orman suçları arasında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kesimlerle alandan uzaklaştırılmış olan orman ağaçlarının hacimlerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir, ancak göğüs yüksekliğindeki çap (d1,30) bilinmediği için hesaplamada bazı güçlükler ve hatalar oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çeşitli kütük çapları (dk) ve kütük çapı(dk) ve kütü boyları (hk) kullanılarak göğüs yüksekliğindeki çapın(d1,30) belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kastamonu Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Bozkurt Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Göynük Orman İşletme Şefliği’ndeki kayın (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) ağaç türü için farklı kütük yüksekliklerinden (0,10, 0,30 ve 0,60 m) ölçülen çaplardan, göğüs yüksekliği çapının (d1,30) tahmini, bunun yanında kütük çapları ve kütük yüksekliklerinden hareketle d1,30 çapının tahmin edilmesi için ölçümler yapılmıştır. Kayın için, tek ve çift girişli regresyon modelleri denenmiştir. Denenen modeller arasından, belirtme katsayısı (R2), standart hata (Syx), F, ortalama sapma (OS), mutlak ortalama sapma (OMS|), ortalama mutlak hata (OMH) ve toplam hata TH (%) değerlerine göre, en uygun model seçilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda hem tek girişli hem de çift girişli denklem olarak logaritmik olan denklem uygun model olarak belirlenmiştir. Seçilen bu modellere göre, tek girişli ve çift girişli göğüs çapı tabloları düzenlenmiştir.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF METALLOPROTEINASES-2 IN THE TROPHOBLAST IN CASE OF TORCH-INFECTIONS ON THE MATERIAL OF ABORTIONS AT THE GESTATIONAL TERM OF 5-6 WEEKS
Authors: A. V. Hoshovska  , I. S. Davydenko  , O. M. Davydenko  , V. M. Hoshovskyi
Published: November 2021

This study is a fragment of a series of immunohistochemical studies of trophoblast in case of TORCH-infections, which are scheduled at different times of gestation. This article focuses on the results of studies of the trophoblast in gestational age 5-6 weeks. The aim of the study was by means of the immunohistochemical method to determine the features of expression of MP-2 in different types of trophoblast with TORCH-infections as compared to observations without an infectious process. Abortion material of 5-6 weeks of gestation was investigated. The main group included 16 observations of TORCH-infections, and the control - 14 observations of interrupted pregnancies with no signs of infection (abortion for social reasons). Immunohistochemical method was applied on metalloproteinases-2 primary antibody and polymer system for visualization of antigen using diaminobenzidine manufactured by DAKO. Using computer microdensitometry in a specialized computer program ImageJ the optical density of color was assessed. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies using the method of microdensitometry at the gestational age of 5-6 weeks, as in TORCH-infections and infectious process, the greatest expression of metalloproteinase-2 is noted in invasive trophoblast, the lowest - in the synthitiotrophoblast of chorial villi, and intermediate rates are seen in cytotrophoblast chorial villi and cell columns. With TORCH-infections, the expression of metalloproteinase-2 is reduced in all four types of trophoblast (cytotrophoblast chorial villi; cytotrophoblast cell columns; invasive cytotrophoblast in endometrial fragments), with the exception of synthiotrophoblast of chorial villi.
FEATURES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SPINAL DYSRAPHISM OF THE SACRALCOCCYGEAL AREA OF INFANTS
Authors: O. B. Bodnar  , A. I. Roshka
Published: November 2021

Spinal dysraphism (SD) of children is a complicated and unsolved problem in pediatric neurosurgery. Pathology of sacral-coccygeal area is 30 % - 50 % of the total number of SD of children. The presence of a large number of nearest complications (wound abscess, meningitis, the gap of the wounds, liquorrhoea) and long-term postoperative period complications (impaired functions of the lower limbs and pelvic organs) are the basis to search for improved methods of treatment. 19 newborns with SD sacral-coccygeal area were operated. 16 children were aged 1 to 10 days and 3 from 11 to 28 days. Depending on the anatomical variants of SD sacral-coccygeal areas they were divided into: meningocele (26,32%); myelomeningoradiculocele (15,78%); myelomeningocele (31,58%). All surgery was performed with the use of microsurgical tools and microsurgical techniques under optical multiplication using electric coagulator for the tissue (EC-300M 1). A favourable condition for better results in the treatment of SD was selection of the optimal timing and techniques of surgery. The best results for surgery were the age of 7 to 10 days (12 children). The term of surgery from 11 until 28 days for 3 children was due to the presence of hernia infection and purulence, which required the implementation of preoperative preparation for 5-7 days. The approach was determined by:  hernia localization, size and spine defect, the degree of subcutaneous tissue development, the condition of hernia layers, displacement and plasticity of the back tissues. The disadvantage of all methods of surgical treatment of SD there is a danger of iatrogenic damage to neural elements during surgery, depending on the quality of its performance. While performing surgical treatment of SD microsurgical radiculolysis with precision microsurgical excision of all cicatricial adhesions, cerebrospinal fluid cysts and other intraradicular formations, and thorough revision of the spinal canal should be undertaken. Dysfunction of the pelvic organs (urine and anal incontinence) and lower limbs are observed in 63,16% of children operated on for SD in the neonatal period that requires further development of methods of their surgical correction at a later age.
FETAL ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN SPINAL CORD
Authors: Shkolnikov V.
Published: November 2021

Due to the development and improvement of medical technologies and diagnostic methods, in recent years, the interest of neuromorphologists, neuropathologists, neurosurgeons and reproductive specialists in the histogenesis of the structures of the central nervous system, in particular, the spinal cord, has increased. In the process of macro- and microscopic examination of the spinal cord of human fetuses of 20-21 weeks of intrauterine development, the topography of the thickenings in relation to the parts of the spinal column was established according to our own method, the morphometric parameters of the structures of the spinal cord segments and the regularities of cytoarchitectonics were determined. In 20-21 week old fetuses, the ratio of the length of the spine to the parietococcygeal length of the fetus is 65.0%, and the ratio of the length of the spinal cord to the parietococcygeal length of the fetus is 54.0 %. The border between the cervical and thoracic spine is projected onto a conditional line that connects the spine of the scapula. The border between the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine is the line between the upper three quarters and the lower one quarter of the body length. The border between the lumbar and sacral parts runs along a conventionally drawn line that connects the posterior lower iliac spines, and the border of the transition of the sacral to the coccygeal is the level of the lower third of the gluteal region. The structure of the gray matter of the spinal cord segments in this age period corresponds to that in people of mature age – the presence of anterior, lateral and posterior horns. A large area of gray matter is observed in the cervical and lumbar segments, a smaller area in the thoracic and sacral segments. The structuredness of the white matter of the spinal cord segments in this age period corresponds to that in adults – the presence of anterior, lateral and posterior cords. The cervical and lumbar segments have a large area of white matter, and in magnitude they are the same. The nuclei of radial glial cells are relatively equal in size in all segments. The thickness of the matrix layer varies throughout the entire spinal cord, but reaches its greatest size in the ventral parts. The sizes of the nuclei of neuroblasts also fluctuate: the nuclei of motor neurons have large sizes, and the smaller ones are inserted and vegetative. The nuclei of glial cells have relatively identical sizes of different segments of the spinal cord, but 2-3 times less than the nuclei of neuroblasts.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY STRUCTURES IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEVER
Authors: Rohovyi Y. , Kopchuk T. , Dikal M.
Published: November 2021

Fever is a typical pathological process, which is characterized by a shift in the reference point of thermoregulation to a higher level of body temperature regulation under the influence of pyrogenic substances and includes three stages: temperature rise, temperature standing at a high level and its decrease. The functional state of the kidneys was investigated under the conditions of water diuresis, for which the rats through the stomach using a metal probe were injected with tap water heated to the body temperature of experimental animals in an amount of 5% of the body weight. After water loading in order to obtain plasma, the animals were euthanized by decapitation under light ether anesthesia; blood was collected in tubes with heparin. In blood plasma and urine, the concentration of creatinine was determined by the reaction with picric acid, sodium ions - by the method of photometry of the protein flame by the sulfosalicylic method with the calculation of its excretion. As evidenced by the data obtained, morphological changes during the development of aseptic fever with a hyponatric diet were characterized by: in the first stage (temperature rise) vacuolar degeneration of the epithelium of the proximal tubules and a small-focal character of changes in the properties of proteins with a shift in color to red, in the second stage (temperature at a high level) expansion of the lumen of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule and dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the distal tubules, in the third stage (decrease in temperature) by moderate expansion of the lumen of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule but not significant dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the proximal tubules. Elucidation of new mechanisms of damage in any way to the cortex of the medulla and the papilla of the kidneys in the conditions of the development of hot water.
MODERN INFORMATION ON THE PANCREATIC STRUCTURES FORMATION IN THE EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN ONTOGENESIS
Authors: Protsak T. , Zabrods`ka O. , Kushnir L.
Published: November 2021

"This organ is nourished by the" purest juices "of the splenic vein," Avicenna wrote of the pancreas. In many cases, it takes the brunt of a sudden change in our diet, overeating, or neglect of overall health. However, if you dramatically increase the amount of food consumed or radically change its nature, it is certainly "revenge" for its unwillingness to change the level of enzyme production. The body is unable to absorb undigested food components and, as a result, develops a chronic deficiency of non-essential nutrients. When there are deficient conditions, such as hypovitaminosis, immunodeficiency, disorders of many body functions are provoked. In conditions of pancreatic insufficiency, the body is unable to absorb undigested food components and therefore experiences a chronic deficiency of essential nutrients. Metabolic disorders in organs and tissues, hypovitaminosis, disorders of body functions develop. The pancreas is a mixed gland, which has exocrine structures that make up 98% of its total mass and secrete digestive enzymes that enter through the excretory ducts into the lumen of the duodenum, and endocrine, consisting of several groups of cells that form islets Langerhans, which produce a number of hormones. The pancreas in the prenatal period of development develops in three stages. Up-during 5-10 weeks (the first stage) there is a bookmark of body, its form and topography is defined. The second stage (11-20 weeks) is characterized by active histogenesis of the gland, the formation of its bloodstream and nervous system. The third stage, which lasts until birth, is the differentiation of pancreatic structures, their quantitative growth, the gland begins to function. The presented work accurately describes the ontogenetic features in the structure of the gastrointestinal tract, namely: the pancreas.
Semantics of greetings and its syntax realisation
Authors: Melnichuk Oksana
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to study and systematize formal -grammatical features of etiquette greetings and to implement their syntactic typology. The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of the subject of study and lack of clear etiquette greetings’ syntactic typology in modern Ukrainian linguistics. The scientific novelty of the study is the improvement of syntactic structural schemes typology of etiquette greetings. Research methods: the historical, logical, structural, cognitive, scientific methods were used in the work. Conclusions. The implemented syntactic typology of etiquette greetings confirms the diversity of their structure. The most productive forms of their implementation are nominative one-member sentences and verbal (one member as well as two-member) ones. According to the semantics and communicative purpose, we can identify two types of nominal greetings structures: nominative narrative (declarative) sentences) and nominative imperative-optative ones. Nominative imperative – optative greetings are full of emotional content. Nominative and imperative – optative meanings are combined in their semantics e.g. “Myr domu Vashomy!” (Peace to your house!), “Khl’ib ta sil’!” (Bread and salt!). In the fixed one-member verbal sentences the main member is performed by a certain conjugation e.g. “Vinshuiu!” (Congratulations!)", “Biu cholom” (I bow to you), “Bozhe pomozhy” (God, help (us)). Fixed two-member etiquette greetings have different stylistic tinge of “politeness”, so they are not used in all the language genres. They are mainly used in informal and belletristic language styles.
Paradigmatic relations between lexical-semantic groups of adjectives in the scientific style of the english language
Authors: Danylovych Oksana
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the study of paradigmatic relations of adjectives on the semantic level in the scientific style. Paradigmatic ties in the nucleus and the first periphery are determined and compared. The object of study is adjectives in the scientific style. The subject of the study is paradigmatic ties on the semantic level. The goal is to investigate and compare paradigmatic ties of adjectives in the scientific style. The topicality is caused by the necessity of study of paradigmatic ties of adjectives in the scientific style as they have not been investigated yet. In our study the statistical method was used such as the correlation analysis which helps to determine intensity and character of ties. The more there is the dependence between signs, the more the quantity of coefficient of correlation will approach to 1. In case of the absence of the statistical dependence the quantity of coefficient of correlation will be about zero or equals zero. Using the quantity of usage LSG of adjectives were divided into the nucleus and the first periphery. Due to the correlation analysis paradigmatic ties of LSG of adjectives within the nucleus and within the first periphery and between them were found and analyzed. In our study the statistical method was used such as χІ -which shows presence or absence of a tie. The coefficient K indicates the force (intensity) of ties. Due to it the ties are divided into strong, mean and weak ones. Statistically meaningful ties of lexical-semantic groups (LSG) of adjectives were analyzed. A scientific novelty is in distinguishing the nucleus and the first periphery and investigating paradigmatic ties between them. Conclusions. LSG of adjectives within the first periphery create not a big number of ties in comparison with the number of ties with LSG of adjectives of the nucleus. LSG of adjectives “Natural and physical state” and “Space value of distance and duration” are distinguished as making up the biggest number of ties with nucleus. The study shows that LSG of adjectives within of the first periphery are more independent between themselves and are able to have free ties. Paradigmatic ties of LSG of adjectives within the nucleus have the tendency to dependence and a mutual influence.
Peculiarities of teaching a foreign language in the conditions of distance learning
Authors: Nichyi Valentyna
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of teaching foreign languages in higher education in the context of distance learning. To achieve this goal, the article uses the methods of theoretical analysis, critical analysis of scientific resources and scientific observation of the educational process. A comprehensive description of the application of these methods through the prism of foreign languages is the scientific novelty of the work. In the era of continuous informatization of society and education, in particular the use of modern computer technology, the Internet, multimedia and mobile communications in the educational process of higher education, has become a necessary condition for training and education of competent professionals and their future adaptation to working conditions. Therefore, educational institutions try to organize the educational process so as to provide students with full access to educational materials, using paper, electronic and multimedia media and access to Internet resources. In addition, the use of computer technology and the Internet, distance learning technologies significantly expands the range of potential students and allows to involve in education (including language) a wider range of students from abroad. Conclusions. Distance learning through computer telecommunication networks has broad prospects in the study of foreign languages. First of all, this advantage, in comparison, for example, with video and audio seminars, lies in the availability of operational feedback from teachers and students, with numerous training programs. Distance learning of foreign languages is a fairly effective form of learning a foreign language, aimed at the development of cognitive abilities, oral speech, foreign language thinking and full mastery of written foreign language communication.
Pimensions of poetics and genealogy of alternative history (ah) as a phenomenon of the literary process
Authors: Аnistratenko Antonina , Moysey Antoniy
Published: November 2021

Measurements poetics and genealogy of alternative history (AI) as a phenomenon literary process. The main ones are considered in the article characteristics of subgenres of alternative history, their style, meta-genre markers and general characteristics of the plot. Here the metagenre of alternative history (AI) is presented as the main one gender formation, which derives its own subgenres with similar and various markers, which indicates the novelty of the studio. Purpose of the article - identify both special genre complexes and stylistic the markers that make up the AI ​​metagenre are identified as subgenres of the metagenre of alternative history in Ukrainian and American literary dimensions. Research methods. AIs are used to represent classifications of subgenres descriptive and comparative methods; for their analysis and distribution, to improve the classif ication of genealogical andstylistic elements of AI subgenres are also applied comparative method and analytical principle. Conclusions. It is possible to conclude that the meta-genre formation of AI over time was divided into separate subgenres and varieties and adopted different schemes stories from other genres, especially canonical ones such as historical novel, fantasy novel, detective novel, uchrony and fantasy. The alternative story has become extraordinary a fruitful source for restoring the influence of mythologists in Europe, in particular the eastern. Alternative history and subgenres of AI try to overcome the sacralization of historiography and do every European component of the historical picture of the world alternative. In American literature, the alternative history plays the role of rebuilding national history and creation projections of the future.
Multiple rhabdomyomas of the heart (case study)
Authors: Vlasov O.V. , Kolyubakina L.V. , Cretu N.M.
Published: November 2021

This article describes a clinical case of thechild with multiple rhabdomyoma of heart, accompaniedby cardiac arrhythmias.
OUR EXPERIENCE IN RESOLVING THE PROBLEMATIC ISSUES AIMED AT PRESERVING LIFE AND HEALTH AMONG EXTREMELY PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: Yablon O.S. , Vlasenko D.Y. , Antonec T.I. , Moravska O.A. , Lubarenko N. M. , Bertsun К.Т. , Sergeta D.P.
Published: November 2021

The study of features of morbidity,mortality and nursing technologies for neonates withbirth weight less than 1000 g and gestational age lessthan 30 weeks, makes possible to identify the maintrends in treatment, provides a high level of survivalof these children.
ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLOROSTENOSIS
Authors: Spakhi O.V.
Published: November 2021

The analysis of application of variousmethods of diagnostics at 370 children with congenitalhypertrophic pylorostenosis is spent. By results ofstudying resolution of modern methods the algorithm ofdiagnostics of disease on the basis of their stage-by-stageuse at the concrete patient is developed. It is shown, thatintroduction of the advanced ultrasonic methods allowesto raise total efficiency of diagnostics of disease on thebasis of ultrasonic research up to 87 %.
Thermal Optimization Potentials for NRU MPEI Facilities
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Gasho Evgeniy G. , Sergeeva Kira D. ,   NRU MPEI, Perepelitsa Roman R. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: November 2021

A set of activities on surveying the energy performance of eight large facilities of the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute (NRU MPEI) was accomplished. In view of quite significant amounts of electricity and heat consumed by the NRU MPEI, a number of objectives were set forth on evaluating the NRU MPEI facilities’ general energy efficiency, analyzing the climatic characteristics of the facilities location places, revealing inefficient use of energy resources, and determining the priority areas for achieving a more efficient use of them. The current situation existing at each facility was examined, the thermal performance characteristics of the buildings were analyzed in general, the thermal parameters of enclosing structures were calculated, and energy balances were drawn up. With the aid of infrared imaging, losses were evaluated, and the places of maximum heat leaks in the cold season of a year were identified. The analytical survey was supplemented with field measurements of the necessary parameters of the buildings and heat carriers. An important feature of the study was that it involved evaluating the climatic characteristics of the facilities location places. Thus, a change in the design temperature and a considerable variation in humidity influence the condition of the structure. The number of temperature transitions through the zero degree point tends to grow. The alterations of frost to rain has an adverse effect on the condition of facilities. The analysis results have shown that the climatic characteristics that existed at the time the major part of the MPEI buildings were constructed have changed significantly over time. In the course of the study, a number of measures were developed and suggested that take into account the differences and characteristics of each building, as well as the state of their engineering systems. Since the engineering equipment items of the structures are in a different state, the energy saving measures for each of them are also different. Application of the comprehensive approach helps match the obtained data with the readings of water and heat metering instruments, and with the infrared images of enclosing structures. The selected technical measures are necessarily complemented by a set of measures to economically and morally stimulate the saving of all types of energy resources.
Assessing the Comparative Effectiveness of Text Models in the Document Classification Problem
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Bartenyev Oleg V.
Published: November 2021

Various text models used in solving natural language processing problems are considered. Text models are used to perform document classification, the results of which are then used to estimate the comparative effectiveness of the used models. From two classification accuracy values obtained on the evaluation and training sets, the minimum value is selected to evaluate the model. A multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer is used as a classifier. The classifier input receives a real vector representing the document. At its output, the classifier generates a forecast about the document class. The input vector is determined, depending on the used text model, either by the text frequency characteristics, or by distributed vector representations of the pre-trained text model's tokens. The obtained results demonstrate the advantage of models based on the Transformer architecture over other models used in the study, e.g., the word2vec, doc2vec, and fasttext models.
Estimating the Discrete Approximation Error in Solving the Stationary Radiant-and-Conduction Heat Transfer Problem in a System of Absolutely Black Square Rods
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Krymov Nikita E.
Published: November 2021

Studying heat transfer processes in periodic media containing vacuum interlayers or cavities, heat through which is transferred by radiation, is of significant interest for applications. Direct numerical solution of such problems involves considerable computational efforts and becomes almost impossible for systems containing a large number of heat conducting elements, especially for 2D and 3D structures. Therefore, it is of issue to develop effective approximate solution methods for such problems. This publication continues a series of studies on developing and substantiating special discrete and asymptotic approximations of radiant-and-conduction heat transfer problems in periodic systems of heat conducting elements separated by vacuum. In this study, the stationary radiant-and-conduction heat transfer problem in a system of absolutely black square rods is considered. The sought quantity is the absolute temperature, which is found from the solution of the boundary-value problem for the stationary heat conduction equation with nonlinear nonlocal boundary conditions describing radiant heat transfer between the rods through vacuum interlayers. A special discrete approximation of this problem leading to the system of linear algebraic equations with respect to the fourth power of the temperature is presented. The solution of this system as approximation of the mean temperature over the rod cross-section is described. The discrete approximation error estimate as a function of the square rod side length (the small parameter of the problem) and the thermal conductivity coefficient has been obtained. The obtained error estimate proves applicability of the discrete approximation for materials with a high thermal conductivity coefficient.
Estimating the Error of Calculating the Load Losses in 6—10 kV Distribution Electric Networks
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Varga Aleksandr A. , Shvedov Galaktion V. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study is to estimate the level of load losses for actual (nonuniform) loading of transformer substations in comparison with the load loss level under the conditions of their being uniformly loaded for a typical 6 kV urban distribution electric network. The extent to which such networks are equipped with automated information and measurement systems for fiscal electricity metering is extremely poor. Therefore, not only the load curves of the 6--10/0.4 kV substation transformers, but also their load factors are unknown in the majority of cases. Under these conditions, in calculating the load losses in 6--10 kV distribution electric networks, it is assumed that all substation transformers are uniformly (equally) loaded. The load losses in these electrical networks are calculated with a certain error associated with the assumption according to which the substation transformers are supposed to be uniformly loaded. Under these conditions, estimation of this error becomes of issue. The article describes the modeling, calculation and analysis of technical losses of electricity under the conditions of nonuniformly loaded transformers of a typical urban distribution network consisting of four transformers and four cables interconnecting them. The modeling and calculation of power losses were carried out using the RAP-10-st computer program for several different groups of transformer loading factors. Within each group, different subgroups were produced by rearranging the group loading factors. Each subgroup modeled a nonuniform transformers loading mode in the studied network. For each of these modes, the power losses were calculated and studied with the use of the RAP-10-st computer program. A conclusion has been drawn from the obtained analysis results regarding the error in determining the load losses associated with the assumption about the uniform loading of the substation transformers in the network. The obtained results may prompt electric grid companies to increase the extent of fitting their networks with automated information and measurement systems for fiscal electricity metering to improve the accuracy of determining the load losses.
Heat Recovery Using Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Bo Dakkah Baydaa , Sultanguzin I′ldar A. ,   NRU MPEI, Yavorovsky Yuriy V. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: November 2021

Heat losses in industrial processes can be divided into three sections (high-, medium-, and low-temperature heat), depending on the temperature of the exhaust gases. This heat is usually recovered either by heat exchangers or by a closed Rankine cycle. However, about 60% of low-temperature heat losses remain irreplaceable. Currently, the organic Rankine cycle has become a promising method of low-temperature energy recovery, and several theoretical studies on this topic have appeared, but a small number of experimental studies have been performed. In our work, we have built a 2 kW heat recovery laboratory test bench using tube-type heat exchangers, a gear pump and a turbo expander on the working fluid R141b. As a result, we found that the efficiency of the cycle increases as the boiling point and pressure increase, but an increase in overheating at the inlet of the expander leads to a decrease in efficiency due to the use of the working fluid R141b. At the inlet of the evaporator and the outlet of the condenser, respectively, overheating and supercooling of the working fluid occurs, which negatively affects the efficiency of the cycle. The amount of useful heat obtained was 45.4 W with an efficiency of 2.24%. as a result of low efficiency of the expander and pump, as well as leaks during the test. The development of an experimental test bench with working on organic Rankin cycle requires long-term research work and great scientific potential. In the future, it will be necessary to create a new test bench based on a deeper study, so that we can get a higher efficiency of the expander and pump, which would affect the efficiency of this cycle. Also, we need to replace the working fluid in the cycle with a more efficient one.
Models and Methods for Studying Factors Influencing the Performance of a Hybrid Guaranteed Power Supply Complex
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Tyagunov Mikhail G. , Sheverdiev Razhidin P. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: November 2021

The aim of the work is to study the factors influencing the composition, parameters, and operation modes of a hybrid energy complex intended for providing guaranteed power supply to consumers located in isolated and hard-to-reach areas. The article presents mathematical models of the operating modes of power installations based on renewable energy sources as part of a hybrid energy complex involving parallel operation of different types of energy storage units, with taking into account the lifecycle, technical and process features of their functioning in isolated power systems. A 3D model of the hybrid energy complex has been developed, using which its performance can be studied under operating conditions close to real ones. In addition, a methodology of applying the model in solving design problems concerned with substantiating the parameters of isolated systems supplying power to consumers in hard-to-reach areas has been elaborated.
Improving the Reliability of Traction Induction Motors Used in the Electric Rolling Stock
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Tulupov Viktor D. , Sleptsov Mikhail A. , Briedis Aleksandrs A. ,   NRU MPEI; LLC «Trading House LocoTech»
Published: November 2021

The problem of failures of traction machines used in the electric rolling stock (ERS) is considered. In the course of ERS operation with microprocessor control and the use of electric drives with semiconductor converters and induction traction motors (ITMs), it is observed that the service life of bearings reduces from the 2 million km declared by the manufacturer, to 200-600 thousand km. The study of bearings shows the following types of damage: dulling of rolling elements and tracks of the outer and inner rings, grooving, and lubricant degradation. An analysis that was carried out shows that in the majority of cases, the bearings fail as a consequence of a current flowing through them. The currents flowing through bearings are generated due to different mechanisms. A classification of bearing currents is proposed, and possible current flow loops are analyzed. Based on an analysis of literature sources, methods for reducing the bearing currents are given, and their effectiveness is evaluated. To enhance the ITM reliability, several measures to prevent electric current from passing through the bearings have been developed, including the method of plasma deposition of aluminum oxide on the outer ring, which insulates the bearing outer ring from the motor body, and hybrid bearings with ceramic rolling bodies. To select the optimal solution and determine the difference between the outer ring insulation concept and the hybrid concept, operational tests were carried out. Conclusions have been drawn about the expediency of using hybrid bearings with rings made of bearing steel and rolling elements made of bearing silicon nitride (Si3N4).
CONSERVATION STATUS OF PLANTS AND HABITATS UNDER TEN YEARS OPERATION PHASE OF A WIND FARM. CASE STUDY: SFANTA ELENA KARST PLATEAU, IRON GATES NATURAL PARK, ROMANIA
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Independentei Blvd. 91–95, 050095-Bucharest, Romania, URZICEANU Mihaela ,   University of Bucharest, Botanic Garden D. Brandza, Sos. Cotroceni 32, 060114-Bucharest, Romania, ANASTASIU Paulina ,   University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Independentei Blvd. 91–95, 050095-Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Botanic Garden D. Brandza, Sos. Cotroceni 32, 060114-Bucharest, Romania, SIRBU Ioana-Minodora ,   University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Independentei Blvd. 91–95, 050095-Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Botanic Garden D. Brandza, Sos. Cotroceni 32, 060114-Bucharest, Romania, SESAN Tatiana Eugenia ,   University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Independentei Blvd. 91–95, 050095-Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Marasti Blvd. 61, 011464-Bucharest, Romania
Published: November 2021

Located in the Iron Gates Natural Park, Romania, at the foot of the Locvei Mountains, the Sfanta Elena Karst Plateau is a very picturesque territory, characterized by a karst relief, covered by High Nature Value grasslands. In the last decade this territory has been subjected to increasing anthropogenic pressures, and specific concerns on biodiversity have been raised after the construction of a wind farm in 2011. Starting from a concern expressed by a scientist, our study aims to provide current data on plant species with conservation value and to assess the conservation status of orchid-rich grasslands around wind turbines after ten years of wind farm operation. During the operation period we identified 19 plant taxa with conservation value, eight of which which are orchid species. Four of them are new reports for this territory: Gymnadenia conopsea, Neotinea ustulata, Neottia nidus-avis and Orchis simia, as well other rare taxa such as Cirsium grecescui, Lathyrus sphaericus, Linum hologynum and Rumex thyrsiflorus, are mentioned for the first time. The orchid-rich grasslands in the wind farm area correspond to the Natura 2000 habitat 6210* whose structure and floristic composition are within the acceptable limits of Favourable conservation status. The conservation status of plant species is directly dependent on the quality of their habitat, as well as the variety of pressure and threat factors in the area.
NEW INSIGHTS CONCERNING IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF INDIGENOUS TREES AND SHRUBS IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors:   Ecologisch Adviesbureau Maes, Achter Clarenburg 2, NL-3511JJ Utrecht, Netherlands, MAES Norbertus Cornelis Maria
Published: November 2021

In densely populated European countries like the Netherlands, old landscape elements such as ancient woodlands and ancient hedges are today rare. Owing to the introduction of exotic species and indigenous trees and shrubs imported from other climate zones, recognition of truly wild, i.e. autochthonous, individuals and populations is now problematical, posing challenges for forest management agencies, particularly at Natura 2000 sites. The author has developed a method for recognising genetically pure wild woody species, based on characteristics of the plant itself and those of the growing site. With this method, explained here, around 70% of the Netherlands has been surveyed, along with much of Flanders and part of the lower Rhine region of Germany. The results are illustrated with reference to two Dutch ancient woodlands, where new insights were obtained in terms of native status of the woody species and the ‘authenticity’ of the tree and shrub layer.
EMPIRICAL USE OF THREE OAK SPECIES IN AFFORESTATION: LESSONS FROM SOWING AND TRANSPLANTING EXPERIMENTS
Authors:   Moldova State University, Alexei Mateevici str. 60, MD-Chisinau-2009, Moldova, CUZA Petru
Published: November 2021

The effects of different factors on the growth in height and diameter of oak saplings in comparative cultures were estimated: progeny from autumn and spring sowing of acorns (1); growing conditions of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) mother plants (2); the initial planting density of sessile oak (Q. petraea Liebl.) (3); natural lightening level of downy oak (Q. pubescens Willd.) mother plants (4). The pedunculate oak seedlings obtained after spring sowing were characterized by faster growth compared with those obtained from the autumn sowing. The lower growth rate observed in seedlings sown in autumn was due to the prolonged frosty weather during winter, which led to a decrease in acorn viability and progeny vigour. Due to the higher genetic diversity of the progeny obtained from the free-pollinated pedunculate oaks, it is possible that their growth was more intense and stable in comparison to those of saplings obtained from the acorns of isolated trees. The planting under the forest canopy had a clear influence on the growth in height of saplings. At low density levels (1.0 x 1.0 m), the sessile oak saplings benefited from larger availability of soil nutrients and displayed the highest growth, contrasting with those planted at high density (0.5 x 0.5 m). The deep and moderate shading caused a substantial reduction in the growth of downy oak saplings. Therefore, when planting, it is recommended to avoid using fast-growing species, which, due to asymmetric competition, could drastically reduce the growth in height of the downy oak saplings. Prolonged regeneration of the pruned root system following the transplantation process of sessile and downy oak seedlings determined their very slow growth in the first years of life.