bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method for on-line analysis of gas and particle composition: description and evaluation of a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO)
Authors: Lopez-Hilfiker F. D. , Mohr C. , Ehn M. , Rubach F. , Kleist E. , Wildt J. , Mentel T. F. , Lutz A. , Hallquist M. , Worsnop D. , Thornton J. A.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We describe a novel inlet that allows measurement of both gas and particle molecular composition when coupled to mass spectrometric, chromatographic, or optical sensors: the Filter Inlet for Gas and AEROsol (FIGAERO). The design goals for the FIGAERO are to allow unperturbed observation of ambient air while simultaneously analyzing gases and collecting particulate matter on a Teflon filter via an entirely separate sampling port. The filter is analyzed periodically by the same sensor on hourly or faster timescales using temperature-programmed thermal desorption. We assess the performance of the FIGAERO by coupling it to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS) in laboratory chamber studies of α-pinene oxidation and field measurements at a boreal forest location. Low instrument backgrounds give detection limits of ppt or lower for compounds in the gas-phase and in the pg m−3 range for particle phase compounds. The FIGAERO-HRToF-CIMS provides molecular information about both gases and particle composition on the 1 Hz and hourly timescales, respectively for hundreds of compounds. The FIGAERO thermal desorptions are highly reproducible (better than 10%), allowing a calibrated assessment of the effective volatility of desorbing compounds and the role of thermal decomposition during the desorption process. We show that the often multi-modal desorption thermograms arising from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) provide additional insights into molecular composition and/or particle morphology, and exhibit changes with changes in SOA formation or aging pathways.
Magnetopause reconnection and interlinked flux tubes
Authors: Cardoso F. R. , Gonzalez W. D. , Sibeck D. G. , Kuznetsova M. , Koga D.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection can be a continuous or a transient process. Global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations are important tools to understand the relevant magnetic reconnection mechanisms and the resulting magnetic structures. We have studied magnetopause reconnection using a global 3-D MHD simulation in which the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been set to large positive By and large negative Bz components, i.e., a south-duskward direction. Flux tubes have been observed even during these constant solar wind conditions. We have focused on the interlinked flux tubes event resulting from time-dependent, patchy and multiple reconnection. At the event onset, two reconnection modes seem to occur simultaneously: a time-dependent, patchy and multiple reconnection for the subsolar region; and, a steady and large-scale reconnection for the regions far from the subsolar site.
Humans, animals and computers: Minding machines?
Authors: Wasserman Edward A.
Published: October 2013

¿Hay máquinas pensantes? En este artículo consulto material histórico, filosófico y empírico, tratando de responder esta intrigante pregunta. Mi discusión histórica y filosófica revisa el pensamiento de cinco famosos franceses (Michele de Montaigne, René Descartes, Salomon de Caus, Julien Offray de La Mettrie y Jacques Vaucanson) y de un famoso americano (William James). Mi revisión de investigaciones empíricas se focaliza en cuatro temas contemporáneos en cognición comparada: aprendizaje asociativo/causal, memoria de corto plazo, discriminación numérica, y metacognición. Concluyo que existen máquinas pensantes, ellas son los humanos y los animales. El acto de pensar, podría ser dicho, media los complejos cambios en el comportamiento que muestran humanos y animales. Sin embargo, computadores y otros dispositivos mecánicos son pálidas réplicas que están construidas con "el material equivocado". Nunca lograrán el estatus de máquinas pensantes.
Reconciliación y construcción de la categoría víctima: Implicaciones para la acción política en Chile
Authors: Montenegro M. Marisela , Piper S. Isabel
Published: October 2013

Los procesos de reconciliación nacional a partir del reconocimiento de la violación de los Derechos Humanos han sido puestos en práctica para fortalecer las democracias actuales. En este artículo nos centraremos en el caso chileno y sus intentos de avanzar en el proceso de reconciliación post-dictadura militar (1973-1990), a partir del establecimiento de la verdad sobre las formas de violencia perpetradas. La idea de reconciliación sigue la lógica de la retórica de la marca; esto es, el argumento de que las víctimas han quedado marcadas a partir de la experiencia traumática perpetrada. En este proceso se ha constituido la categoría de víctima y su reparación como el centro del proceso de reconciliación.La categoría de víctima ha sido utilizada como eje articulador de las luchas en torno a los Derechos Humanos. Sin embargo, ha contribuido a fijar dichas identidades como esenciales, naturales y homogéneas entre sí. En este artículo pretendemos cuestionar dicha construcción para, por un lado, mostrar su carácter contingente y en constante redefinición y, por otro, contribuir a abrir otros espacios de acción política en el Chile actual.
Responsabilidad y justicia de menores. Entrevista a François Marty
Authors: Aceituno M. Roberto
Published: October 2013

En el interés por discutir problemáticas que conciernen a la subjetividad contemporánea, y al vínculo de ésta con procesos sociales e históricos, el profesor Roberto Aceituno realizó una entrevista al académico François Marty, especialista en clínica psicoanalítica de la adolescencia. La conversación versó sobre el problema de la responsabilidad penal de menores en conflicto con la justicia, que obliga a un trabajo interdisciplinario que reúna perspectivas socio-antropológicas con la práctica clínica y educativa en psicología y psicoanálisis.
Adaptación y validación de la Versión Abreviada de la Escala de Autoritarismos de Derechas (RWA) en una muestra chilena
Authors: Cárdenas Manuel , Parra Luis
Published: October 2013

Este estudio presenta una adaptación de una versión reducida de la escala de autoritarismo de derechas (RWA). Participaron en el estudio dos muestras de estudiantes secundarios y universitarios. La escala adaptada posee ítems más cortos, con menos palabras extremas en su redacción y menos referencias a grupos específicos. La confiabilidad fue .72 (alpha de Cronbach). Los análisis de regresión múltiple revelaron que la escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social (SDO) y la escala de nacionalismo contribuyen sustancialmente a la varianza de la escala RWA. La versión corta de la escala RWA parece poseer la estructura de tres dimensiones, predicha por la teoría, mostrando buenos índices de ajuste en el análisis factorial de tipo confirmatorio.
La especificidad de la función del psicólogo en el campo de la discapacidad mental
Authors: Contino Alejandro Martín
Published: October 2013

Se propone un análisis de la dimensión política de la función psi y de la función del psicólogo en el campo de la discapacidad mental. Desde el análisis de dispositivos institucionales y prácticas manicomiales existentes, se explicita que el modelo médico individual comanda el abordaje tradicional. Se plantea que la función del psicólogo podría implicar una perspectiva desmanicomializadora, cuestionando la patologización, medicalización e institucionalización de la discapacidad. Desde esta lógica sería posible una lectura diferente respecto de las dificultades actuales en relación a la autonomía e integración. El aspecto ético-político de la praxis favorecería movimientos autogestionados por los propios individuos en situación de discapacidad, transformación posible solo a partir de pensar la discapacidad desde el modelo social.
Desigualdad social y espacio en la infancia. Trayectorias espaciales observadas en el juego infantil en niños de diferentes posiciones sociales
Authors: Castillo Patricia
Published: October 2013

El presente artículo se realiza en el marco de la investigación doctoral de la autora. Amparándose en la geografía crítica (Garrido, 2009; Massey, 2005), se utiliza el modelo de la metodología clínica de investigación (Gaulejac, 1993) para indagar a través del juego infantil las trayectorias espaciales de los niños en diferentes posiciones sociales. El material de análisis consiste en el registro de la observación clínica de juego infantil. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran diferencias en las trayectorias espaciales de los niños de 3 a 5 años. Dichas diferencias se relacionan con los temores y expectativas de los otros significativos, con las preguntas de la realidad que viven, y con la relación directa o mediatizada con los medios de comunicación.
El Holocausto como acontecimiento traumático. Acerca de la incorporación del concepto freudiano de trauma en la historiografía del Holocausto
Authors: Vetö Silvana
Published: October 2013

"Trauma" es un concepto de clara filiación psicoanalítica que ha sido paulatinamente incorporado a la historiografía a partir de los estudios históricos del Holocausto. El objetivo de este ensayo es analizar y discutir las perspectivas que se abren con dicha incorporación. Para ello se revisarán, primero, algunos aspectos del concepto de trauma en la obra de Freud; en segundo lugar, el papel de los testimonios de los sobrevivientes del Holocausto en este traslado conceptual. Finalmente, se analizarán algunas formulaciones de Friedländer y LaCapra sobre el trauma histórico, para concluir con algunas propuestas que permitan pensar los destinos del trauma en el ámbito socio-político y en la psicología.
Las características de la situación mental en el consumo adictivo de sustancias y la motivación para entrar a un tratamiento de adicciones
Authors: López Acosta Cristián
Published: October 2013

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio acerca de las características de la situación mental de sujetos que han desarrollado una adicción, en una etapa previa a la decisión de consultar. Esta situación psíquica es relacionada con la dificultad en el proceso de toma de decisión de entrar a tratamiento, propia de estos pacientes. A partir de estos resultados se discute el concepto de motivación a tratamiento y los elementos técnicos asociados a este. También se discute la relevancia de incluir a otros significativos y la importancia de lograr una detención inicial del consumo de drogas.
Niveles de ansiedad, depresión y percepción de apoyo social en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile
Authors: Dávila Figueras Araceli , Ruiz Celis Rocío , Moncada Arroyo Laura , Gallardo Rayo Iris
Published: October 2013

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivos describir las variables ansiedad, depresión y apoyo social percibido en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile en dos momentos del semestre académico; y comprobar si con las exigencias curriculares de esta carrera aumentan sus niveles de ansiedad y depresión. Se aplicaron las escalas Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale -HADS- (Snaith & Zigmond, 1983) y Duke University Functional Social Support -DUFSS- (Broadhead, De Gruy, Gehlbach & Kaplan, 1988). El estudio fue transversal y longitudinal, descriptivo, correlacional y con una muestra no probabilística (n=440). Se concluye que los estudiantes se encuentran considerablemente más ansiosos que deprimidos, especialmente los de género femenino y aquellos que cursan tercer y cuarto año.
Acompañando la inserción de profesores nóveles en establecimientos municipales de Valparaíso: La experiencia de los Talleres de Educación Democrática (TED)
Authors: Hevia Rivas Ricardo , Ramírez Soto Jahel
Published: October 2013

El artículo sistematiza una experiencia de Talleres de Educación Democrática (TED) aplicada al Programa de Inserción de Docentes Nóveles de la Corporación Municipal de Valparaíso.En los talleres se invitó a profesores que recién iniciaban su trabajo profesional a vivir una experiencia grupal de aprendizaje, desarrollando investigaciones protagónicas sobre su práctica pedagógica. A través de la reflexión promovida en esta experiencia grupal y en la investigación, los profesores nóveles pudieron imaginar formas alternativas de asumir su rol docente, trabajar en grupos más democráticos y favorecer aprendizajes más autónomos.
West Palaearctic species of the genus Diostracus Loew, 1861 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Grichanov Igor Ya.
Published: October 2013

A new status (as subgenera of Diostracus Loew, 1861) for Sphyrotarsus Mik, 1874, Lagodechia Negrobov & Tsurikov, 1996 and Ozmena Özdikmen, 2010 stat. nov. is proposed. A new species, Diostracus (Sphyrotarsus) kustovi sp. nov., is described from the Russian Caucasus. The following recombinations (comb. nov.) are also proposed: Diostracus (Sphyrotarsus) argyrostomus (Mik, 1874); D. (S.) caucasicus (Negrobov, 1965); D. (S.) hervebazini (Parent, 1914); D. (S.) hessei (Parent, 1914); D. (S.) hygrophilus (Becker, 1891); D. (S.) leucostomus (Loew, 1861); D. (S.) parenti (Hesse, 1933); D. (Lagodechia) spinulifer Negrobov & Tsurikov, 1988; and D. (Ozmena) stackelbergi (Negrobov, 1965). A key to ten Diostracus species inhabiting the West Palaearctic Region is provided.
Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Reporting Rates and Outcomes Before and After Bethesda Implementation Within a Combined Academic and Community Hospital System
Authors: Harvey Aaron M. , Mody Dina R. , Amrikachi Mojgan
Published: October 2013

Context.—The current study compares data from our hospital system before and after the 2008 implementation of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (BSRTC).

Objective.—To show the effects the BSRTC has had on the reporting rates and outcomes for thyroid lesions.

Design.—A search for thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) was performed for 2002–2005 (before BSRTC) and 2009–2011 (after BSRTC). Diagnostic outcomes were reviewed for cases with available follow-up.

Results.—For 2002–2005, cytology reports for 3302 thyroid FNABs were reviewed, and 309 (9.4%) were classified as suspicious. For 2009–2011, cytology reports for 3432 thyroid FNABs were reviewed; 72 (2.1%) were classified as “atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance” (AUS/FLUS), and 142 (4.1%) were classified as suspicious. Follow-up material was available for 31 AUS/FLUS cases (43.0%), and 6 of these cases (19%) were malignant. Follow-up material was available for 60 cases (42.3%) classified as suspicious, and 23 of these cases (38%) were malignant.

Conclusions.—The AUS/FLUS rate of 2.1% at our institution is at the lower range of the <7% recommended by the BSRTC, and our rate of 19% for risk of malignancy for AUS/FLUS is slightly above the BSRTC recommendation of 5% to 15%. Implementation of the BSRTC did not significantly affect our institution's reporting rates, most likely because an essentially similar classification system was employed before implementation of the BSRTC.
The Expression of PTEN Is Associated With Improved Prognosis in Patients With Ampullary Adenocarcinoma After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Shroff Stuti , Overman Michael J. , Rashid Asif , Shroff Rachna T. , Wang Hua , Chatterjee Deyali , Katz Matthew H. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Wolff Robert A. , Abbruzzese James L. , Fleming Jason B. , Wang Huamin
Published: October 2013

Context.—Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor genes in sporadic cancers. Somatic mutations of PTEN occur in many tumors including those of the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tracts. Loss of PTEN expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective.—To study the expression of PTEN and its significance in ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA).

Design.—We constructed tissue microarrays by using archival tissue from 92 patients (55 males, 37 females; median age, 63 years; age range, 37 to 87 years) with previously untreated AA who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. PTEN expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, scored semiquantitatively (based on staining intensity and percentage positive tumor cells), and correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival.

Results.—Of 92 cases, 23 (25.0%) were PTEN negative. Loss of PTEN expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = .004), advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P = .02), and higher frequency of recurrence (P = .03). Patients with PTEN-negative tumors had shorter disease-free survival (DFS, mean: 89.0 ± 20.8 months) and overall survival (OS, mean: 93.1 ± 19.1 months) than those with PTEN-positive tumors (DFS, mean: 161.4 ± 11.7 months, P = .01; OS, mean: 175.4 ± 11.0 months, P = .001). In multivariate analyses, PTEN expression was a prognostic factor for both DFS and OS, independent of AJCC stage, lymph node status, pathologic tumor (pT) stage, and differentiation.

Conclusions.—Loss of PTEN expression is associated with poor DFS and OS in patients with AA after curative surgery. PTEN expression may be used as a prognostic marker for patients with resected AA.
BerEp4, Cytokeratin 14, and Cytokeratin 17 Immunohistochemical Staining Aid in Differentiation of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Basal Cell Carcinoma With Squamous Metaplasia
Authors: Linskey Katy R. , Gimbel Devon C. , Zukerberg Lawrence R. , Duncan Lyn M. , Sadow Peter M. , Nazarian Rosalynn M.
Published: October 2013

Context.—Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (bSCC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which may overlap histologically with basal cell carcinoma with squamous metaplasia (BCCm).

Objective.—To aid in the differentiation of these neoplasms using immunohistochemical staining because of the worse prognosis associated with bSCC.

Design.—Using immunohistochemical techniques, we investigated BerEp4, cytokeratin 17 (CK17), and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) protein expression in 25 cases of bSCC (8 cutaneous [32%], 12 aerodigestive tract [48%], and 5 lymph node metastases [20%]) and 43 cases of BCCm (39 cutaneous [91%], and 4 metastases [9%]). An immunoreactivity score was assigned using the percentage of tumor cells staining and the pattern of expression. Interobserver agreement for 2 independent pathologists was assessed using a κ coefficient.

Results.—The mean percentage of staining was significantly higher in BCCm, compared with bSCC (BerEp4, P = .006; CK17, P < .001; CK14, P < .001; unpaired t test), with 58% of BCCm cases (25 of 43) displaying diffuse staining for all markers, and nearly all (98%; 42 of 43) displaying diffuse staining for CK17 and CK14. In contrast, no bSCC cases (0%) displayed diffuse staining for all 3 markers, and only 8% (2 of 25) displayed diffuse staining for CK17 and CK14. High interobserver agreement was determined.

Conclusions.—BerEp4 alone is unreliable for differentiation between BCCm and bSCC, and the addition of either CK14 or CK17 will augment the sensitivity and negative predictive value of BerEp4 staining in BCCm and bSCC diagnosis.
Use of an Automated Coagulation Analyzer to Perform Heparin Neutralization With Polybrene in Blood Samples for Routine Coagulation Testing: Practical, Rapid, and Inexpensive
Authors: Tientadakul Panutsaya , Kongkan Chulalak , Chinswangwatanakul Wimol
Published: October 2013

Context.—Heparin contamination in blood samples may cause false prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time results. Polybrene can neutralize heparin, but it affects coagulation by itself.

Objectives.——To determine the optimal concentration of polybrene to neutralize heparin, to determine the suitable sequence of reagents for the neutralization method performed on the analyzer at the same time as prothrombin time and aPTT testing, and to detect the heparin contamination in blood samples for coagulation tests in our hospital using this method.

Design.—Various concentrations of heparin were added to 10 normal and 76 abnormal plasma samples to study the efficacy of polybrene. Two programs of reagent sequencing for aPTT with polybrene performed on the analyzer were tested. Samples suspected of heparin contamination according to our criteria were selected for neutralization during a 3-month period.

Results.——The optimal final concentration of polybrene was 25 μg/mL. Polybrene should be added after the aPTT reagent to minimize its interference effect. Even though results of prothrombin time and aPTT after neutralization did not equal those before the spike of heparin, the differences might not be clinically significant. Eighty-one of 4921 samples (1.6%) were selected for aPTT with the neutralization method, and the detection rate of heparin contamination was 84% (68 of 81), giving an overall incidence of 1.4% (68 of 4921).

Conclusions.—This method is inexpensive and can be performed rapidly with prothrombin time and aPTT on the automated analyzer, which makes it easy to practice with no need for extra plasma volumes.
The economic value of coordination in large‐scale multireservoir systems: The Parana River case
Authors: Marques Guilherme Fernandes , Tilmant A.
Published: October 2013

The coordination of reservoir operation is critical for water systems' efficiency. Improved coordination requires sharing information, demanding a clear understanding of the potential gains and its distribution among the users to motivate engagement in coordinated operations and bearing of transaction costs. In a multiuser, multireservoir system, the evaluation of the potential coordination gains is not trivial because it requires the simultaneous evaluation of numerous trade offs. This paper presents a methodology to identify the likely upper and lower bounds in multireservoir system benefits, providing a reference framework for analyzing the economic value of coordination. The methodology is applied to a large‐scale multireservoir system in Brazil. The methods rely on the comparison between two management scenarios. The first one mimics typical system operation based on individually designed rule curves, which are likely to perform on the lower bound. This is compared with fullscale system‐wide optimization through an Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming algorithm to represent fully coordinated reservoir operation (upper bound). For our case study, results indicate that better coordination reduced spills and improved releases timing according to reservoirs characteristics and location, allowing overall gains between 3% and 8% in energy and 7.9% in revenues, with revenues mostly improved by coordination in dry years. Larger reservoirs presented the highest gains in absolute terms, while the smaller ones presented the highest relative increases. By indicating individual gains at each reservoir, valuable information is produced to support future negotiations and benefit sharing among different agents, being water agencies or power companies.
Is Negligence a First Cousin to Intentionality? Lay Conceptions of Negligence and Its Relationship to Intentionality
Authors: Nuñez Narina , Laurent Sean , Gray Jennifer M.
Published: October 2013

In three studies, we examined lay conceptions of negligence and how they are used when making judgments about actors' intentions, negligence, and blame. Study 1 examined the extent to which participants agreed about what constitutes negligence and accidents. After finding a high level of agreement between participants, Study 2 explored the features that defined participants' folk understanding of negligence. Additionally, we examined if definitions of negligence overlapped with key features of definitions of intentionality proposed in the literature. Study 2 suggested there were some key overlapping features and differences between negligence and intentionality. Finally, Study 3 examined how two key features of intentionality and negligence (knowledge and awareness) were related to attributions of negligence, accidental causation, blame, and desire to punish. The findings suggested that knowledge and awareness are positively related to judgments of negligence, blame, and desire to punish. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contextual Bias in Verbal Credibility Assessment: Criteria‐Based Content Analysis, Reality Monitoring and Scientific Content Analysis
Authors: Bogaard Glynis , Meijer Ewout H. , Vrij Aldert , Broers Nick J. , Merckelbach Harald
Published: October 2013

Verbal credibility assessment encompasses several methods used to evaluate the credibility of statements by examining their content. In two experiments, we tested to what extent these methods are sensitive to contextual bias. Four statements were presented, although their context was manipulated by confronting raters with extra‐domain information that either enhanced or diminished the credibility of the statements. In Experiment 1, 32 police officers analysed the statements using scientific content analysis. In Experiment 2, 128 undergraduates analysed the statements using criteria derived from criteria‐based content analysis, reality monitoring or scientific content analysis. Results showed that all three methods were equally vulnerable to contextual bias. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Word Acquisition in Children: Examining the Contribution of Verbal Short‐term Memory to Lexical and Semantic Levels of Learning
Authors: Côté Isabelle , Rouleau Nancie , Macoir Joël
Published: October 2013

A variety of evidence suggests that human vocabulary acquisition and verbal short‐term ability are related. The aim of this study was to investigate the learning of new lexical and semantic representation in 7 to 12 years old children selected on the basis of their poor working memory capacity. A deep characterization of the short‐term memory (STM) capacities has been carried out through a series of tasks derived from recent STM models tapping STM, language and attentional processes. Participants experienced a three conditions word learning task designed to reflect lexical learning, semantic learning and lexical–semantic learning capacities. Other aspects of the learning such as the learning rate and the word length effect were evaluated. The experimental participants scored more poorly than controls on lexical learning, and this deficit was associated with the serial order STM and the attentional capacities. The current study also highlighted that neither the experimental group nor the control group took advantage in lexical learning of semantic information supplement. Our results suggest that children with verbal STM problems learn a smaller number of new words but present a similar way of learning than children without verbal STM problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple and Multipolar Fano Resonances in Plasmonic Nanoring Pentamers
Authors: Liu Hailong , Leong Eunice Sok Ping , Wang Zilong , Si Guangyuan , Zheng Longjiang , Liu Yan Jun , Soci Cesare
Published: October 2013

The optical properties of plasmonic nanoring pentamers are experimentally and theoretically investigated in the near‐infrared spectral region, where the nanoring metamolecules allow complex optical design by tuning a single geometrical parameter (the inner radius of the nanoring). Even in fully four‐fold symmetric nanoring pentamers, unconventional plasmonic coupling paths generate multiple Fano resonances which would not appear in symmetric nanodisc oligomers. In addition, inhomogeneous elementary units in the pentamer induce additional resonances due to high‐order dark modes, while complete breaking of the four‐fold symmetry results in sharp multipolar Fano resonances upon the hybridization of dark and bright modes. This approach demonstrates a simple way to engineer plasmonic couplings by subtle changes of uniform metamaterial design.
Theoretical Restrictions on Farm‐Retail Price Transmission Elasticities: A Note
Authors: Kinnucan Henry W. , Tadjion Omer
Published: October 2013

Zero restrictions implied by Gardner's () model are exploited to develop a simple test for perfect price transmission. Applying the test to the domestic marketing channels for U.S. beef and pork, we reject the hypothesis of competitive market clearing for pork, but not for beef. A retest using the four‐firm concentration ratio in U.S. meat packing as a proxy for market power affirms results from the simple test. [JEL Classification: Q11, Q13].
The Description–Experience Gap in Risky and Ambiguous Gambles
Authors: Dutt Varun , Arló‐Costa Horacio , Helzner Jeffrey , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: October 2013

Recent research in decision making reported a description–experience (DE) gap: opposite risky choices when decisions are made from descriptions (gambles in which probability distributions and outcomes are explicitly stated) and when decisions are made from experience (the knowledge of the gambles is obtained by sampling outcomes from unknown probability distributions before making a choice). The DE gap has been reported in gambles commonly involving a risky option (outcomes drawn from a fixed probability distribution) and a safe option (probability of the outcome is 1), or in gambles involving two risky options. Here, we extend the study of the DE gap to gambles in which people choose between a risky option and an ambiguous option (with two nested probability distributions, where the event‐generation mechanism is more opaque than that in the risky option). We report empirical evidence and show a DE gap in gambles involving risky and ambiguous options. Participants' choices are influenced by the information format and by the ambiguous option: participants are ambiguity‐seeking in experience and ambiguity‐averse in description in problems involving both gains and losses. In order to find reasons for our results, we investigate participants' sampling behavior, and this analysis indicates choices according to a cognitive model of experiential decisions (instance‐based learning). In experience, participants have small sample sizes, and participants choose options where high outcomes are experienced more frequently than expected. We discuss the implications of our results for the psychology of decision making in complex environments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns in national policies for support of low achievers in reading across Europe
Authors: Motiejunaite Akvile , Noorani Sogol , Monseur Christian
Published: October 2013

This paper brings together data on national policies for improving reading achievement with student reading outcomes according to the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 data. It is based on a two‐step analysis. Firstly, the prevalence of national policies for improving reading achievement (i.e., specialist reading teachers, national tests for identifying individual learning needs and curriculum guidelines on reading comprehension strategies) is described in 32 European countries. Secondly, a three‐level regression analysis is performed in order to assess the relative impact of the analysed national policies. The results indicate that the provision of reading specialists for providing targeted support to students with difficulties and advice to teachers seems to be the most important measure. Moreover, central level regulation by education authorities can be an effective way to assure the right to a reading specialist for every student in need.
1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐ylidenes with an N‐2,4‐Dinitrophenyl Substituent as Strongly π‐Accepting N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Sato Tetsuo , Hirose Yoichi , Yoshioka Daisuke , Shimojo Tsubasa , Oi Shuichi
Published: October 2013

The synthesis and characterisation of a series of new Rh and Au complexes bearing 1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylidenes with a N‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (N‐DNP) substituent are described. IR, NMR, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and computational analyses of the Rh complexes revealed that the N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) behaved as strong π acceptors and weak σ donors. In particular, a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis revealed that the contributions of the Rh→Ccarbene π backbonding interaction energies (ΔEbb) to the bond dissociation energies (BDE) of the RhCcarbene bond for [RhCl(NHC)(cod)] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) reached up to 63 %. The Au complex exhibited superior catalytic activity in the intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of cyclohexene with 2‐methoxyethanol. The NBO analysis suggested that the high catalytic activity of the AuI complex resulted from the enhanced π acidity of the Au atom.
Color preferences for different topics in connection to personal characteristics
Authors: Bakker Iris , van der Voordt Theo , Vink Peter , de Boon Jan , Bazley Conne
Published: October 2013

Studies on color preferences are dependent on the topic and the relationships with personal characteristics, particularly personality, but these are seldom studied in one population. Therefore a questionnaire was collected from 1095 Dutch people asking for color preferences about different topics and relating them to personal characteristics. Color preferences regarding different topics show different patterns and significant differences were found between gender, age, education and personality such as being technical, being emotional or being a team player. Also, different colors were mentioned when asked for colors that stimulate to be quiet, energetic, and able to focus or creative. Probably, due to unconsciousness of contexts, many people had no color preference, a result that in the literature seldom is mentioned. Blue was the overall favorite color; however, most males chose for blue (25%) while most females had no color preference (18%). Black was the overall favorite color for clothing, mainly chosen by females (40%), while males primarily chose blue (27%). For building interiors subjects preferred white. For moods, subjects preferred white for being quiet or being able to focus, red for being energetic and had no color preference for being creative. It is concluded that color preferences are dependent upon the topic, and personal characteristics. The findings are important for architects, interior designers, fashion designers and product designers to have a basic idea of preferred colors for different objects by different types of people. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 62–71, 2015
Irradiance‐independent camera color calibration
Authors: Funt Brian , Bastani Pouya
Published: October 2013

For a digital color camera to represent the colors in the environment accurately, it is necessary to calibrate the camera RGB outputs in terms of a colorimetric space such as the CIEXYZ or sRGB. Assuming that the camera response is a linear function of scene luminance, the main step in the calibration is to determine a transformation matrix M mapping data from linear camera RGB to XYZ. Determining M is usually done by photographing a calibrated target, often a color checker, and then performing a least‐squares regression on the difference between the camera's RGB digital counts from each color checker patch and their corresponding true XYZ values. To measure accurately the XYZ coordinates for each patch, either a completely uniform lighting field is required, which can be hard to accomplish, or a measurement of the illuminant irradiance at each patch is needed. In this article, two computational methods are presented for camera color calibration that require only that the relative spectral power distribution of the illumination be constant across the color checker, while its irradiance may vary, and yet resolve for a color correction matrix that remains unaffected by any irradiance variation that may be present. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 540–548, 2014
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Icelandic Version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure, its Transdiagnostic Utility and Cross‐Cultural Validation
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Hafrún , Sigurðsson Baldur Heiðar , Salkovskis Paul , Ólason Daníel , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Evans Chris , Gylfadóttir Eva Dögg , Sigurðsson Jón Friðrik
Published: October 2013

Background

The development of transdiagnostic standardized measures of psychological distress have contributed to the development of practice‐based evidence networks. The translation and validation of such measures cross culturally is important if such research is to be generalized across health care systems in different countries.

Method

Translation of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) from English into Icelandic was undertaken according to recommended protocols. The resulting instrument was evaluated for reliability and validity in three groups: patients undergoing psychological treatment in general practice (n = 289), psychiatric outpatients (n = 98) and student controls (n = 207). The Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview was administered to the clinical participants. They also completed the CORE‐OM and the Beck depression and anxiety inventories before and after treatment. The transdiagnostic relationship between CORE‐OM scores and scores on those diagnostic measures was assessed.

Results

Good levels of validity, reliability and internal consistency were found for the CORE‐OM and its domains and sensitivity to change over treatment shown. As anticipated, the risk domain had different characteristics than other domains. CORE‐OM scores correlated strongly with both Beck Depression Inventory–Second edition and Beck Anxiety Inventory, particularly the problem domain.

Conclusion

The Icelandic translation of the CORE‐OM is psychometrically sound and can be applied in Icelandic mental health studies as it has been in English speaking settings. Nevertheless, the validity of the Icelandic version of the CORE‐OM needs to be further investigated in larger and more diverse samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the CORE‐OM are comparable with the original English version.

The results indicate transdiagnostic utility of the CORE‐OM.

The CORE‐OM is a valuable instrument in outcome research on psychological treatment, specifically transdiagnostic treatment.
Over‐evaluation of thoughts about food: Differences across eating‐disorder subtypes and a preliminary examination of treatment effects
Authors: Coelho Jennifer S. , Wilson Samantha , Winslade Amanda , Thaler Lea , Israel Mimi , Steiger Howard
Published: October 2013

Objective

Over‐evaluation of food, shape and weight is a multi‐faceted component of cognitive‐behavioral models of eating disorders. One specific aspect of over‐evaluation of food is a cognitive distortion known as thought‐shape fusion (TSF). TSF is purported to be specific to eating pathology; however, research has not yet elucidated whether individuals across the subtypes of eating disorders are differentially susceptible to this phenomenon. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether susceptibility to TSF decreases over the course of treatment.

Method

TSF, eating pathology, and generalized psychopathology were assessed in 76 individuals with eating disorders. Changes in TSF from pre‐ to post‐treatment were assessed in a subset of participants (n = 24).

Results

Individuals with the binge/purge subtype of anorexia nervosa were more susceptible to TSF than were individuals with bulimia nervosa or the restrictive subtype of anorexia nervosa. Increased TSF corresponded with higher levels of eating pathology, depression, and impulsivity. In addition, there were decreases in TSF over the course of treatment.

Discussion

The observed differences in TSF susceptibility across eating disorder subtypes suggests that subtypes may be differentially prone to over‐evaluation of thoughts about food, which represents a facet of one of the core maintenance mechanisms in cognitive‐behavioral models of eating disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:302–309)
Riparian vegetation after dam construction on mountain rivers in China
Authors: Sun Rong , Deng Wei‐qiong , Yuan Xing‐zhong , Liu Hong , Zhang Yue‐wei
Published: October 2013

In order to know the change and the response mechanism of riparian vegetation to hydroelectric dams, three diversion‐type stations on the following mountain rivers, Manyue River, Xiaoyuan River and Baili River, were studied. Plants were investigated in consecutive 1 m2 along three separate 12‐m‐long belt transects that were selected along every 100 m upstream and downstream sections of these rivers. The results showed that, first, 125 plant species that consist of 14 trees, 30 shrubs and 81 herbs in a total of 216 quadrats were recorded. Second, there were significant differences on plant communities (species richness, species cover) amongst rivers, which can also be found in terms of the upstream versus downstream. This suggested that the dams had resulted in changes in riparian plant communities, but differences caused by reservoir were within the natural range of variation found across the rivers. Third, we found the number of some xerophytes and highland plants, such as Cupressus funebris, is significantly increased in downstream of dams and some species that adaptated to tranquil reaches and lakes largely increased in upstream of the dams, such as Azolla imbircata and Polygonum nepalense. This revealed that the construction of dams had changed the riparian habitat, the composition and diversity of riparian plants between downstream and upstream of dams. Integrated operation and management of the whole basin should be taken for the health of river system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of the Ynamide tert‐Butyl N‐Ethynyl‐N‐phenylcarbamate with C‐Carboxymethyl‐N‐phenylnitrilimine
Authors: González Pedro Blas , Chandanshive Jay Zumbar , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Bonini Bianca Flavia , Mazzanti Andrea , Bernardi Luca , Locatelli Erica , Caruana Lorenzo , Monasterolo Claudio , Comes Franchini Mauro
Published: October 2013

The reactivity of the ynamide tert‐butyl N‐ethynyl‐N‐phenylcarbamate (1) in the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (1,3‐DC) with C‐carboxymethyl‐N‐phenylnitrilimine was investigated. This [3+2] cycloaddition affords the 5‐amino pyrazole as a single regioisomer. The obtained cycloadduct has been activated at the 4‐position of the pyrazole ring through bromination and subsequently coupled with a phenyl group under Pd catalysis. A detailed computational study has been performed to fully explain the complete regioselectivity observed.
In‐line SPE‐CE using a fritless bead string design—Application for the analysis of organic sulfonates including inline SPE‐CE‐MS for APTS‐labeled glycans
Authors: Jooß Kevin , Sommer Johannes , Bunz Svenja‐Catharina , Neusüß Christian
Published: October 2013

Despite many advantages like high separation efficiency CE comprises the main limitation of low concentration sensitivity, when compared to HPLC. In‐line SPE is an efficient way to increase concentration sensitivity. Here, a fritless in‐line‐SPE‐CE‐MS method was developed in order to analyze anions of strong acids. Mixed‐mode (weak anion exchange and RP) particles were used for enrichment and an acidic BGE was applied for separation. Different particle and capillary sizes were tested. A novel bead string design with a 100 μm id column filled with particles of 90 μm followed by a separation capillary with 50 μm id was easy to prepare and showed the best performance with respect to separation efficiency and reproducibility. Three aromatic sulfonic acids were employed in an in‐line SPE‐CE‐UV approach for method development. Method validation was performed with respect to reproducibility, robustness, and linearity. Thereafter the method was transferred to SPE‐CE‐MS and applied to the analysis of glycans labeled with 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid. Lower limits of detection in the low nM range were achieved injecting about 10 μL of sample. This corresponds to an enrichment factor of more than 800 compared to the corresponding CE‐MS method without preconcentration.
Use of Rhizobium leguminosarum as a potential biofertilizer for Lactuca sativa and Daucus carota crops
Authors: Flores‐Félix José D. , Menéndez Esther , Rivera Lina P. , Marcos‐García Marta , Martínez‐Hidalgo Pilar , Mateos Pedro F. , Martínez‐Molina Eustoquio , Velázquez Ma de la Encarnación , García‐Fraile Paula , Rivas Raúl
Published: October 2013

Microbial biofertilizers are becoming an effective tool for sustainable agriculture by means of the reduction of the use of chemical fertilizers. However, the knowledge of each specific plant–microorganism interaction is essential for a correct application. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro plant‐growth‐promotion mechanisms of a Rhizobium leguminosarum strain named PEPV16 isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris nodules. This strain was able to produce siderophores and indole acetic acid and to solubilize phosphate. Confocal microscopy showed that this strain was able to colonize the roots of two horticultural crops, Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Daucus carota L. (carrot). Strain PEPV16 was also able to promote the plant growth of both plant species increasing the dry matter of shoots and roots of lettuce and carrots, respectively, as well as to increase the uptake of N and P in the edible parts of both plant species. These data confirmed the suitability of Rhizobium as biofertilizer for nonlegumes.
Spectral assessments of phenotypic differences in spike development during grain filling affected by varying N supply in wheat
Authors: Erdle Klaus , Mistele Bodo , Schmidhalter Urs
Published: October 2013

Single plant traits such as green biomass, spike dry weight, biomass, and nitrogen (N) transfer to grains are important traits for final grain yield. However, methods to assess these traits are laborious and expensive. Spectral reflectance measurements allow researchers to assess cultivar differences of yield‐related plant traits and translocation parameters that are affected by varying amounts of available N. In a field experiment, six high‐yielding wheat cultivars were grown with N supplies of 0, 100, 160, and 220 kg N ha–1. Wheat canopies were observed spectrally throughout the grain‐filling period, and three spectral parameters were calculated. To describe the development of the vegetative plant parts (leaves + culms) and the spikes, plants were sampled four times during grain filling. Dry weights and the relative dry‐matter content were recorded for leaves + culms and spikes. The N status of the plants was assessed by measuring the total N concentration and by calculating the aboveground N uptake. Good correlations were found between spectral indices and single plant traits throughout grain filling but varied with N supply and development stage. The normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, was strongly affected by the saturation effects of increased N concentration. The red‐edge inflection point, REIP, predicted plant traits withr2values up to 0.98. However, in plants with advanced senescence, the REIP was less efficient in describing plant traits. The NIR‐based index R760/R730was closely related to yield‐related plant traits at early grain filling. Compared to the REIP, the R760/R730index was resistant to strong chlorophyll decays being able to predict plant traits at late grain filling, withr2values of up to 0.92. Spectral reflectance measurements may represent a promising tool to assess phenotypic differences in yield‐related plant traits during grain filling.
Generation of Cellular Micropatterns on a Single‐Layered Graphene Film
Authors: Hong Daewha , Bae KiEun , Yoo Sangjin , Kang Kyungtae , Jang Byoungwook , Kim Jinkyu , Kim Sehun , Jeon Seokwoo , Nam Yoonkey , Kim Yang‐Gyun , Choi Insung S.
Published: October 2013

Micropatterns of fibroblast and hippocampal neurons are generated on a single‐layered graphene substrate. A large‐area (1 cm × 1 cm) graphene film on Si/SiO2 is functionalized by surface‐initiated ATRP of non‐biofouling oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, after grafting of the polymerization initiator bearing α‐bromoisobutylate via photoreaction of the perfluorophenyl azide group. The microcontact printing‐assisted spatio‐selective reaction, after chemical activation of the terminal hydroxyl group of oligo(ethylene glycol) in the polymeric film, is utilized to generate the patterns of fibroblast and hippocampal neurons.