bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Researches on Grain Harvesting Machines
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the paper is to present some researches made on the mechanisms of the combine for cutting, feeding and threshing. There are presented the floating cutter bar, the combine with a spike-tooth cylinder and rotary separation, the combine with dual threshing and separating rotors.

Some of the adjustments are made on the finger sensors for cutter bar. One of the most important adjustment is that made in order to reduce harvest loss. Forward speed is one of the main factor in optimizing the performance of a combine harvester. The method used in the paper is that of direct observing and measuring made on different component parts of combines.
Researches Concerning the Dynamics of some Biochemical Modifications in Pork during the Salting and Tendering Process
Authors: SĂLĂGEAN Claudiu-Dan , LASLO Cornel , ŢIBULCĂ Dorin , MUREŞAN Crina
Published: December 2021

There have been organoleptically and physically-chemically examined twenty-five samples of pork semi-manufactured products (minced and salted pork, in different stages of tendering process) used in the manufacturing process of some meat products in casings. During the salting and tendering process we noticed a pH increase, total and protein nitrogen decreases proportionally with the proteolytic degree, respectively, the degree of aging of meat.

The quantity of water and nitrites decreases while salt content increases proportionally with the water content decrease.

These values limit the period of the tendering process at maximum 72 hours, the optimum period being considered as 48 hours, the storage conditions being at +2…+4 Celsius degrees.
Effect of Storage Time on the Oxidative Status of Infant Formula
Authors: SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , GUŞ Camelia , ROTAR Ancuţa Mihaela , SOCACI Sonia Ancuţa , SUHAROSCHI Ramona , LASLO Cornel
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to assess the oxidative status evolution of an infant formula product stored at 15°C during and after the shelf life. The initially phase of oxidation was monitories by the peroxide value (PV) and finally stage of oxidation by the thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) test. The storage time has no significant effect on peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).
Estimation of Rheological Properties of Ice Cream Unfrozen Liquid Phase by FT-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: SILAGHI Florina A. , GIUNCHI Alessandro , FABBRI Angelo , RAGNI Luigi
Published: December 2021

The control of ice cream powder mixture production is carried out evaluating the ice cream liquid phase. The present study was conduced on ice cream and unfrozen liquid phase in order to indirectly evaluate the rheological properties by measuring the powder mixture. The calibration set was formed by samples with different percentage of thickeners, maintaining constant the concentration of the other remaining compounds. After the NIR acquisitions the powders were mixed with warm milk, blended and than settled in order to obtain the unfrozen liquid phase needed for the rheological measurements. For each recipe three batches were prepared. The flow curves were evaluated by using the Ostwald de Waele’s equation and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the R2, which was above 0.95. Predictive models of rheological parameters were set up by means of PLS regressions in order to predict the consistency coefficient (K) and the flow behavior index (n) from spectral acquisitions. High correlation of calibration was found for both parameters and NIR spectra obtaining R2 of 0.884 for K and 0.874 for n.

The good prediction of the models encourages applying them to reduce significantly the time of the powder mixing control during production.
IR and Raman Spectroscopy – Advanced and Versatile Techniques for Agrifood Quality and Authenticity Assessment
Authors: SOCACIU Carmen , FETEA Florinela , RANGA Florica
Published: December 2021

The most important characteristics of IR versus Raman spectroscopy, their uses, according to recent literature data, are reviewed here. These advanced analytical methods are non-destructive and versatile, useful to identify plant biomarkers (metabolomics) and for agrifood quality and authenticity assessment.To give some relevant examples, we present here recent experimental data for edible oils and fruit juices FTIR fingerprints, trying to identify directly the relevant IR markers of their authenticity. Raman spectroscopy is needed to follow as complementary measurement. Both these methods are useful to fingerprint non-destructively different samples (powders, extracts, emulsions) without any preliminary processing, there are rapid and cheaper than chromatography. As complementary tools, IR and Raman spectroscopy can give added-value information on all types of molecules found in plants and food. The sine-qua-non condition to make appropriate interpretations of FTIR-Raman fingerprint markers is a good chemometric analysis (processing of raw spectra by first and second derivatives, PLS comparisons with validated methods, such as GC and HPLC).
Evaluation the Effects of some Cobalt Amino Acids Complexes Using Leukocytes as in vitro Model for Cytotoxicity
Authors: STĂNILĂ Andreea , BRAICU Cornelia
Published: December 2021

It was evaluate the effect of amino acids complex we had used viable leukocytes readily obtained from sterile whole blood as an in vitro model for cytotoxicity. The end point for cytotoxicity evaluation was lactate dehidrogenase activity (LDH) and lipid peroxidation (MDA-TBA test). We tested 5 amino acid complexes: Co-leucine, Co-methionine, Co-valine, Co-hystidine, Co-phenylalanine at different concentrations. Some of the amino acids complexes determined the decreasing of LDH level after 8h, 24h and 48h which mean that these compounds have no cytotoxicity. Concerning the lipid peroxidation the lowest level were obtained for cobalt complexes with metionine, valine, leucine and hystidine at the concentrations of 2-0,2µM and for cobalt phenylalanine complexes for all concentrations especially after 24h and 48h.

The higher levels of of lipid peroxidation were in the case of Copper-valine at 2µM and 20µM after 24h, Copper-hystidine at 20µM after 8h, 24h, 48h, and Co-leucine at 20µM after 48h, having a prooxidant effect.
The Study of the Decontamination Efficiency in Meat Processing Units
Authors: ŞTEŢCA Gheorghe , MOREA Adriana , ODAGIU Antonia , SALAGEAN Dan , HEGEDUŞ Cristina
Published: December 2021

The monitoring and correct execution of the main activities concerning cleaning, washing, decontamination and neutralization of the substances used for decontamination, are activities included within HACCP system at commercial society level. The decontamination was performed using quantitative and qualitative bacteriological tests that controlled the air, surfaces, spaces and used instruments during production process. The highest air microbian contamination degree was recorded in plum removing space. In evisceration and packaging rooms, the micro-organisms belonging to the three genus were randomly emphasized on the investigated surfaces. Thus, the presence of the staphyloccocus was mentioned only on the conveier and floor, the enteroccocus were emphasized on conveier and work table, and colphorms on conveier and floor (evisceration spaces) and conveier and work tables (room of delivering the final products).
Assessment of the Quality of Milk used in the Fabrication of Hard Cheeses
Authors: ŢIBULCĂ Aurora , ŢIBULCĂ Dorin , LASLO Cornel , JIMBOREAN Mirela
Published: December 2021

Investigations performed on milk – as raw material for the fabrication of cheese with steamed pasta were intended to assess and determine the quality of milk: organoleptic aspects, density, fat, casein, lactose.
Physical-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of the Steaming Brine Used in the Fabrication of Pressed Cheeses
Authors: ŢIBULCĂ Dorin , ŢIBULCĂ Aurora , JIMBOREAN Mirela , LASLO Cornel , TRUŢĂ Delia
Published: December 2021

The investigations had as aim to study the physical-chemical aspects (salt concentration and temperature) and microbiological aspects (TNG, coliform bacteria, E. coli, Stqfilococcus aureus c.p. and Salmonella spp.) of the steaming brine in the fabrication of the pressed cheeses Dalia, Rucăr, Penteleu. The investigations were made in five milk processing units in cheeses with steamed paste.
Investigation upon the Edible Snail’s Potential as Source of Selenium for Human Health and Nutrition Observing its Food Chemical Contaminant Risk Factor with Heavy Metals
Authors: TOADER-WILLIAMS Adrian , GOLUBKINA Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

Being much appreciated all over the world for their high nutritional values, escargots or terrestrial snails are farmed in many countries. Within the last few years, snail farming started to become a very popular activity in Romania too. It represents an ecological type of agricultural activity that can also be certified as biological, organic farming if the soil’s conditions and the technology are as such. Extensive amount of research offers details on the physiology of the edible snail species as well as regarding their biochemical content and their nutritional value. No much research reflects snail’s ability to bioaccumulate selenium. In the same time, a lot of research demonstrated the snail’s ability to accumulate contaminants such as heavy metals. Using fluorimetric analysis, we investigated selenium accumulation in meat and shell of edible terrestrial snails Helix pomatia and Eobania vermiculata Muller gathered from different regions of Moldova Republic, Ukraine and Russia. The meat selenium concentration in terrestrial snails reflects the ability of those invertebrates to accumulate high selenium contents. Based on the intake recommendations, snails can be a very good source of selenium for human consumption. Depending upon the soil mineral content and level of contamination, the snails will accumulate large quantities of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, therefore making the snails a very high-risk food product. Therefore, it is very important a careful selection of the agricultural land designated for snail farming. Additives containing selenium may be a way to supplement snail’s diet.
Optimization of HS/GC-MS Method for the Determination of Volatile Compounds from some Indigenous Hop Varieties
Authors: TOFANĂ Maria , SOCACI Sonia Ancuţa , SOCACIU Carmen , MIHĂIESCU Dan E. , SEMENIUC Cristina , TRUŢA Delia
Published: December 2021

In order to characterize the Perle hop variety we determined the composition of volatile compounds using the HS/GC-MS technique. For a better extraction of volatile compounds in the headspace of the testing vial, parameters like incubation temperature and time were optimized. The major volatile compounds found in Perle hop variety were: β-myrcene, α-cariophyllene, cariophyllene, β-cadinene, β-panasinene, δ-cadinene, α-selinene, γ-muurolene.
Preliminary Studies Regarding the Physicochemical Characteristics of Some Balsamic Vinegars
Authors: TRUTA Delia Mihaela , TOFANA Maria , SOCACI Sonia Ancuţa , CHELEMAN Rowena
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work is to analyze the chemical and physical properties of balsamic vinegar, in order to improve the chemical information about this product, useful for its authentication and quality evaluation.

Using three balsamic vinegars purchased in local markets as samples, this study investigated the labeling and the physicochemical properties of commercial concentrated balsamic vinegar in order to understand their production method and quality. Two of the samples were balsamic vinegars from Modena (BVM) and the third was a balsamic vinegar from Kalamata (BVK). According to the labels, all the balsamic vinegars samples were made of grape must and had an acidity of 6%.

The appearance of the samples of vinegar differed significantly, but the acidity from the label was the same for all.

Since people are paying much more attention to health, the number of concentrated vinegar products is expected to increase in the future. Thus, appropriate rules and physicochemical properties are required to regulate vinegar production and quality.
Texture Profile Analysis of Some Romanian Pasta Filata Cheese Varieties (Caciocavallo Cheese)
Authors: TUDOREANU Liliana , DUMITREAN Lavinia
Published: December 2021

This is the fist study of the texture profile of the 6 pasta filata cheese varieties of Romanian origin. The parameters which were analyzed are: hardness during the first and second compression, cohesiveness, energy input by the instrument and returned by the sample, springiness, chewiness and resilience. It was found that the differences between the hardness of Afumat vrancea Cheese and Afumat classic are not significant. There were no significant differences between Penteleu, Dalia and Dobrogea for the first cycle hardness. The Rucăr cheese first cycle hardness was significant compared to all the cheese analyzed.

The texture profile analysis is recommended as an objective characterization of the textural properties of the pasta filata cheese of Romanian origin
Some Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of the Wheat Grist in the Breakage Phase during Milling Process
Authors: VOICU Gheorghe , DAVID Mihaela-Florentina , BIRIŞ Sorin-Ştefan , TUDOSIE Mădălina
Published: December 2021

In the paper is presented a technological scheme of the breakage phase for a wheat mill with capacity of 200 t / 24 h and the results of the research experimental regarding the features of the grindings before and after passing through the mills with rollers.

Researches have been making in SC Spicul SA equipped with the modern equipment like Bühler type. Ground material and grind product was analyzed with a sieve shaker for determine the degree of grinding. Determinations were made of specific mass and materials density to establish the growth of the area in the grind process.

The paper presents graphs regarding to separation on the sieves of the sieve shaker for the five roller mills, for the breakage phase, results by regression analysis of the experimental data obtained with relationships Rosin-Rammler and respectively Schuhman and the coefficients determined by this analysis. Also, are presented the correlation coefficients of R2, which have values in the limits R20.980 for equation Rosin-Rammler and R20.945 for equation Schuhman. The results presented in the paper are important to specialists in the milling industry
Estimating the Efficiency of Anti - Erosion Agricultural
Authors: CARDEI Petru , COTA Constantin , MURARU-IONEL Cornelia , SFARU Raluca
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of the anti - erosion agricultural operations is one of the main objectives of the designers for machinery and soil working tools on slopes. Mathematical modelling that using a systemic approach of the phenomena and processes and realistic assumptions, allows the optimum constructive-functional parameters for soil working tools, in order to achieve a properly working with low energy consumption. Storage capacity of the sediment profiles achieved by ground shaping is properly estimated according to the geo - climatic conditions of the area.

Previous researches (Cardei, Cota, 2008) led to the establishment of a calculation model in this respect. The method of calculation for choosing the geometry of profiles is the application of the final investigations, in conditions to assure a satisfactory storage capacity of sediments and a minimum energy consumption for the soil working processes.
Vector Representation for the Soil Erosion Model USLE,
Authors: CARDEI Petru , HEREA Vasile , MURARU Vergil , SFARU Raluca
Published: December 2021

This article presents a mathematical viewpoint as vector form on estimating the risk of erosion due to water action, starting from the original USLE. We started with a vector representation of pluviometric regime. Daily amount of rain during a year can be in the form vector graphics.

This representation is equivalent to a vector. Starting from this representation is computed the factor of the rain erosivity. We found that other factors in the USLE formula allowed the same type of representation. These representations have been used in the daily calculating for the erosion.

This point of view extends the USLE model using to the rainfall event erosivity assessment, similarly with the RUSLE models. This vision permit the comparison between the possible divisions of the annual period: month, weeks, days, hours, minutes or seconds. In this article the solution test are made by comparison of the result with experimental results obtained in the Valea Calugareasca vineyard.
New Hydrological Approach for Environmental Protection and
Authors: CAZANESCU Severin , CAZANESCU Raluca Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development means to protect and improve environment for future generation use. An effective protection requires action to limit global warming prevention catastrophic phenomena, such as severe floods or long-term droughts, and safeguarding people from their effects. Analyzing these phenomena evolution, the Romanian specialized institutes have adopted a new approach and developed a modern strategy, based on the latest hydrological theory available worldwide. According to this strategy, the Romanian authorities have begun to develop and implement new norms and technical regulations. These norms and technical regulations have fully changed the previous approach of the storm and runoff modelling in Romania. The paper presents the modeling methods of the design storm and overland runoff, which have been the base of the new norms and regulations (Romanian Standard SR 1846-2/2006, “National medium and long-term flood risk management strategy”, “Methodology for the establishment of the hydrographic basins exposed to floods”) and points out their implications in the environmental protection, water management field and in the fight against extreme meteorological phenomena such as severe floods and droughts.
The Efficiency of the WWTP Zalau for the Parameters Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and
Authors: CRIŞAN Vasile Mihai , PUIA Carmen
Published: December 2021

The Wastewater Treatment Plant of Zalau, Salaj county, Romania was designed to treat approximately 18.425 m³ wastewater per day, and in order to follow the discharge parameters for the chemical oxygen demand indicators (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspension solids (SS), the aeration basins have been conceived to function as a unit on nitrification and denitrification. The concentration of the dissolved oxygen is being maintained at the level of 1 mg/l, on the aeration basin, so as to prevent the growth of autotrophic bacteria and nitrification process. Existing Wastewater Treatment Plant has been designed for a population equivalent of 50.500 people and the aim of the project is to enlarge treatment plant capacity to 90.900 population equivalent and reach the maximum effluent quality. The Wastewater Treatment Plant, is built only for the nitrification process, reduces the nitrogenous chemical compounds but not the phosphor – nitrogen compounds. The exclusive use of nitrification process in the WWTP leads to an overloading of the stream waters with manure.
Influence of the Pedological Drought and Irrigation on Quantity and Quality of the Maize Yield in the Crişurilor Plain Conditions
Authors: DOMUŢA Cristian
Published: December 2021

The paper is based on the researches carried out in Oradea during 2006-2008 in the following variants: V1= Irrigated, without irrigation suspending; V2= Irrigated, irrigation suspending in May; V3 = Irrigated, irrigation suspending in June; V4= Irrigated, irrigation suspending in July; V5= Irrigated, irrigation suspending in August; V6= Unirrigated. The hybrid use: Fundulea 376. Total nitrogen of the maize grains was determined in the laboratory of the Agricultural and Development Research Station Oradea. In the variant with optimum irrigation, water reserve on 0-75 cm depth was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity. Pedological drought was determined every year and the irrigation was need, too. The irrigation determined the increase of the total water consumption and yield gain in comparison with unirrigated variant. Irrigation suspending in different months determined the yield losses very significant statistically. The biggest protein content was registered in the variant without the irrigation suspending; the values registered in the variants with irrigation suspending in May, June, July and August and in the unirrigated variant are smaller, with differences statistically assured. There were a direct link between de Martonne aridity index values and water consumption, yield and protein content and an inverse link between pedological drought and yield quantity and protein content. These are the arguments for irrigation opportunity in maize from Crişurilor Plain
AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010 with Hydraflow Extension
Authors: GRIGORE Irina , CAZANESCU Severin , CAZANESCU Raluca Alexandra
Published: December 2021

In our days, communities have to face high level of water and food consumption based on uncertain supplies and growing demands. Thus, they work to prevent floods, soil erosion, to supply fresh water for population, industry and irrigation and to redirect streams and rivers in order to increase the food production. On the other hand, climate changes increased the frequency of extreme events like droughts and floods, and water management became a matter of great concern, in order to protect and preserve fertile land and drinkable water resources. Powerful software are needed to help environmental specialists to develop reliable projects for sustainable land development, in a short time. In the present paper, we will briefly present AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010, the most powerful software application released by Autodesk Inc., a short time ago. Using AutoCAD Civil 3D 2010 components together with new set of extensions, named Hydraflow Extension, land development specialists can deal with a large variety of hydrologic and hydraulic aspects, such as delineating watersheds and drainage areas and computing time of concentration and other rainfall-runoff relationship for the designated basins.
Assessing the Main Anthropometric Variable with Teenagers from Maramureş Country
Authors: JELEA Stela-Gabriela , JELEA Marian
Published: December 2021

The anthropometric measurements allow establishing the condition of growth and development of the organism. 180 subjects have been studied, aged between 13 – 14, grouped in three batches, two living in town and one in the countryside. The results lead to the following conclusions: all indicators studied increased in the age span 13 – 14; the somatic development was influenced by the subjects’ age, gender and domicile.

The total water and the muscle mass vary strongly connected with the height and weight growth. These indexes increase during puberty. The total water varies strictly connected with the muscle mass, and it depends on age, genre, physical activity and life environment.
Methane Generation from the Recirculated Liquid Phase in Batch
Authors: KUSCH Sigrid , OECHSNER Hans , KRANERT Martin , JUNGBLUTH Thomas
Published: December 2021

Batch anaerobic dry digestion promises further application in agriculture and for treatment of municipal solid waste, especially with smaller substrate throughputs. As in other anaerobic systems, bacteriological activity is inhibited by lack of moisture and in batch dry digestion liquid is sprinkled over the substrate to encourage biomass degradation and biogas production throughout the process. Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate individual methane generation from the recirculated liquid phase and from the stacked solid material. Results clearly indicate that methane formation within the recirculated liquid significantly adds to the total methane production of the process. Up to 21% of the total methane generation originated from the recirculated liquid. This suggests that methane generation from the liquid phase is not to be neglected and needs to be recuperated. The process water tank should be equipped with gas collection facilities. Experimental results further indicate that higher ratios of easily hydrolysable substrates increase the proportion of methane from the liquid phase while slowly hydrolysable material encourages biogas generation in the decomposing biomass bed itself. While the amount of easily hydrolysable biomass in the system and the ratio of methane produced in the liquid phase could be positively correlated, no correlation was possible between the volume of liquid in the process water tank and the methane proportion originating from the liquid phase.
Modeling of Sewage Networks with Computer Aided Design Software
Authors: SCARLAT Nicoleta , CAZANESCU Severin , MALUREANU Simona MALUREANU
Published: December 2021

Computer Aided Design (CAD) software plays an important role in the design phase of any engineering project. URBANO software application includes CANALIS - module for wastewater system design. CANALIS is a specialized application developed to help the designer to perform the process of sewage and hydraulic design of network of any size, by the aid of computer. With specific tools and features included, CANALIS offers a full range of possibilities for the designer to draw, label, dimension and plotting the drawings of the sewage networks.
Evaluation of the Phytoremediation Potential of the Populus tremula in Tailing Ponds
Authors: MARIAN Monica , VARGA Camelia , MIHALY-COZMUTA Leonard , PETER Anca , MIHALY-COZMUTA Anca , BOLTEA Delia
Published: December 2021

The poplar (Populus tremula) belongs to the typical pioneer vegetation at former ore mining sites in East and Middle Europe as a result of its high metal-tolerance. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are known to contribute essentially to the tolerance of plants against abiotic stress. We have determined the absorption/ accretion potential of the poplar related to heavy metals, as well as the growth rhythm of this species in conditions offered by polluted sites, correlated to the presence/ absence of the microbiota in the soil attached to the root. The research unravels how the poplar (Populus tremula), as a native species can be used in remediation actions of polluted sites based on its high adaptive potential, as well as on its capacity to absorb and accumulate heavy metals. In terms of survival strategy, mycorhrised fungi attached to the polluted soil play a significant part, since they induce plants a certain resistance by diminishing the absorption of heavy metals by the host plant. We suppose that the majority of EM associations of Populus tremula, in combination with high portions of metal-chelating organic acids containing fungal partners, contributes essentially to the high tolerance of this species against high metal concentrations in the soil.
Evolution of the Microbioal Population in a Polluted Soil with Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: MARINESCU Mariana , DUMITRU M. , LĂCĂTUŞU Anca , MIHALACHE Gabriela
Published: December 2021

Crude oil bioremediation of soils is limited by the bacteria activity in degrading the spills hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to enhance the bioremediation of soils polluted with crude oil by adding the natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum. Biodegradation was quantified by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) analyses.

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is one of the main environmental problems, not only by the important amounts released but also because of their toxicity. The main objective of this work is to accelerate the biodegradation processes. The enhancement of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation was achieved under natural product treatment and bacterial inoculum. The bacterial inoculum was used to enrich indigenous microbes to enhance biodegradation rate in the green house experiment.
Research Concerning the Conservation of Genetic Diversity of Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum MILL.)
Authors: MAXIM Aurel , ŞANDOR Mignon , JIDAVU Mihai , SIMA Rodica , LUCIAN Cristina , OPINCARIU Adriana , MAXIM Ovidiu , LUCACI Alin , BOLBOACA Veronica
Published: December 2021

The preservation of the genetic variability at the crop plants is an important premise for a long durable agriculture. Romania still has an important genetic diversity at the crop plants. Unfortunately in Romania the risk of this diversity disappearance is very big due to the age of the seeds producers and the big surface of unused land.

During 2007-2009, at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMV) from Cluj-Napoca a series of actions for collecting vegetable seeds, for description from agronomical, biological and biochemical point of view of authentic local varieties, for producing and preserving seeds in the Gene Bank of Suceava have been undertaken. Investigations were made in 26 counties of the country but the experimental fields were placed at USAMV Cluj-Napoca.

In this work paper are briefly presented the main characteristics of the local varieties of parsley (Petroselinum crispum, subsp. crispum). Among the 64 studied cultivars, 54 (85.7%) proved to be local varieties and among these 5.5% are used for leaves, 20.4% for roots and 74.1% have mixt destinations.
Research Concerning Biochemical Composition and Storage Capacity of Different Local Varieties of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.)
Authors: MAXIM Aurel , ŞANDOR Mignon , SIMA Rodica , MIHALESCU Lucia , HAPCA Alin , PAPP Ruxandra , OPINCARIU Adriana , ŞANDOR Valentina , MATIŞ Nataşa
Published: December 2021

Preservation of genetic variability at crop plants is of maximum importance for sustainable agriculture. Local varieties of crop plants can hold some unique genes that encode important characteristics for the present and future of humanity’s nutrition: resistance at stress factors, biotic and abiotic, nutritional and therapeutic qualities, excellent sources of genes for improving varieties, and so on. Ex situ conservation of local varieties in gene banks is a measure designed to save them from extinction.

During 2007-2009, at UASMV Cluj-Napoca have been studied more than 400 cultivars of vegetables for their characterization, production and for conservation of their eeds in seed gene banks.

For carrot 84 cultivars from 21 counties of the country were collected, among these 38 proved to be authentic local varieties, which represents 45.2%.

This paper presents biochemical characteristics (dry matter, total carbohydrate and total carotenoid) and the resistance to preservation of the local varieties taken into study, in comparison with five homologated carrot varieties.

Regarding biochemical analysis, mean values are the following – dry matter: 12.7% at local varieties and 9.4% at homologated varieties; total carbohydrate: 6.3% at local varieties and 3.7% at homologated varieties; total carotenoid: 10% at local varieties, with a minimum of 1.9% and a maximum of 23.2 mg/100 g. Average degree of attack by E. carotovora was 7.2% at local varieties, and 8.3% at homologated varieties.
The Anaerobic Digestion as Process Step for Hygienisation of Liquid Manure and Agro-Industrial Waste
Authors: MORAR Maria V. , OECHSNER H. , DANCEA Zoe , KUSCH Sigrid
Published: December 2021

Biowaste are a permanent subject of concern for environmental integrity and maintenance and human and animal health, due to their very high organic load and potential risk of pathogenic contamination. The paper presents briefly the process of anaerobic digestion as a treatment possibility for hygenisation and organic matter decomposition of biowaste (liquid manure and agro-industrial waste) with production of the energy rich biogas and of the digestion products which can be use as fertilizer. There are presented the hygienisation possibilities of the liquid manure and waste from agro-industry and the EU regulations to be considered at biogas plants construction and approval.
Time Series Analysis of the Pollutants Imissions in Urban Areas
Authors: NICOLESCU Carmen Leane , DUNEA Daniel , MOISE Virgil , GORGHIU Gabriel
Published: December 2021

Environmental pollution of urban areas is one of the key factors that local agencies and authorities have to consider in the decision-making process. To succeed a sustainable management of the environment, there is necessary to use different kinds of instruments in order to evaluate and forecast the evolution of the environmental state. Understanding temporal and spatial distribution of air quality is essential in making decisions for regional management. In this paper a model for urban air quality forecasting using time series of monthly averages concentrations is presented. Sedimentable dusts (SD), total suspended particulates (TSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), imissions, recorded between 1995 and 2008 in the urban area of Târgovişte city are used as inputs in the model. The measured pollutant data from the local Environmental Agency database were statistically analyzed in time series including monthly patterns using the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method, linear trend, simple moving average of three terms and simple exponential smoothing. There was discussed the efficiency of using this method in forecasting the environmental air quality. In general, ARIMA technique scores well in predicting the analysed environmental air quality parameters.
Tools for Molecular Environmental Biomonitoring - Testing Linearity of the DNA Extraction Method In Varroa Destructor Mite
Authors: ODAGIU Antonia , OROIAN Ioan , VLAIC Augustin , BALTEAN Valentin , ŞTEŢCA Gheorghe
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to suggest possibilities of using molecular biology in environmental biomonitoring and importance of the linearity of quantification method applied to the DNA from the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor.

The laboratory work was carried out was in the Livestock Genotypization Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj – Napoca.

According to the methodology proposed by Anderson (2000), the DNA extraction was performed using the standard methodology reagents, but their doses were modified for obtaining the best extraction yield.

The resulted linearity equation was y = 0.0675 + 0.0009x, demonstrating the validity of our initial assumption. The correlation coefficient between quantitative DNA determination and absorption (r = 0.9459) was very strong with very significant differences (P < 0.001).

Research must be continued in order to perform a validation portfolio for the honeybee parasite Varroa destructor by calculating the other needed parameters, together with implementation of the revised standard 17043, the Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology and Guide for Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements.
The Influence of the Environmental Factors on the Mycotoxic Supply Provided by Food Products Obtained from Cereals
Authors: OROIAN Ioan , OLTEAN Ion , ODAGIU Antonia , PAULETTE Laura , BRAŞOVEAN I.
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to emphasize the last decade status of the most frequent mycotoxic contaminants of the common crop cereals: maize, wheat, barley, two row barley, soy, rye, etc. The structure of the main mycotoxins treated in this paper (ochratoxine, zearalenone, aflatoxine, trichotecene, patulin, fumonisine) is presented, mentioning the producing organisms. The limits stipulated by Romanian authorities are comparatively presented with those present in EU. The importance of the environmental factors (clime, temperature, moisture, storage conditions, etc.) on mycotoxic cereal contamination is also treated.
The Influence of Carbetox Insecticides upon Histological and
Authors: PĂUNESCU Alina , PONEPAL Cristina Maria , DRĂGHICI Octavian , MARINESCU Alexandru Gabriel
Published: December 2021

In our experiments we followed the histological and physiological modifications induced by the action of the insecticide Carbetox at the skin and liver level of Rana Ridibunda. Carbetox is an organophosphate insecticide commonly used to control mosquitos and other flying insects.

The animals used in the experiment were divided in three experimental lots: one lot of control individuals and two experimental lots in which the frogs were kept in two acuaterrarios with a 0.01 ml/l and respectively 0.1 ml/l Carbetox.

We began sacrificing them at four and five weeks from the start of the experiment. We observed a hypertrophied mucose gland of the tegument, an increased volume of hepatocytes as well as increased reserve of lipofuscin; a decrease a number of erythrocytes as well as an increase a glycaemia indices was observed.
Experiments Regarding The Chemical Decontamination Of Condenser and Transformer Oils Containing Designated Compounds
Authors: PETRIŞOR Ion , PREDA Mircea
Published: December 2021

The paper treats the general aspects concerning the use of oils containing the designated compounds (PCB/PCT). These have been manufactured and used for the improvement of the electrical features from the condensers and transformers used for different categories of economical-social activities (industry, transport and distribution of power, transports, agriculture, etc.).

Some of the methods of decomposition/ termical destruction that have been known, researched, experimented and/or used until nowadays are briefly mentioned.

The original character of the experimental works consists of the attempt to realize a decontamination of these oils with designated compounds through a combined method, chemical with electrochemical.

One follows through this the recovery of some harmless neutralized oils and prevention of some potential contamination risks for the environmental factors, as well as the reduction of costs related to the handling, transport and landfilling of particularly toxic and hazardous waste.
Environmental Protection: Issues and Policy Perspective on the Green Investment Scheme under Kyoto Protocol Regulations in Romania
Authors: POPOVICIU Gabriela
Published: December 2021

The Kyoto Protocol is the first international environmental agreement that sets legally binding greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) targets and timetables for Annex I countries. It incorporates emissions trading (ET), joint implementation (JI) and the clean development mechanism (CDM).

From this perspective, this paper follows three aspects: (1) the global carbon trading market based on the principles of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Kyoto Protocol, with special reference to Romania; (2) in the same time, the paper estimates the potential for Romania of the green investment scheme (GIS) under this Protocol. (3) Finally, the paper presents the National Framework Policy on CDM and GIS in Romania.
Solar Radiation Monitoring
Authors: RUSANESCU Carmen Otilia , DAVID Ladislau , PARASCHIV Gigel , VOICU Gheorghe , DAVID Mihaela Florentina , RUSANESCU Marin
Published: December 2021

A direction for current high research is the solar radiation monitoring and renewable energy.

Solar energy has a lot of advantages: it is free, is in unlimited quantities, but the main disadvantage is the influence of geographical and meteorological conditions that can not be changed. In this paper is monitored the intensity of solar radiation by the meteorological station and is calculated: diffuse radiation, direct, alien, declination, solar time, latitude, angle azyme.
Research Regarding the Evaluation of Potential Land Suitable for Energy Crop Production (Biomass) in Cluj County
Authors: ŞANDOR Aurel , FIŢIU Avram , ILUŢIU-VARVARA Dana-Adriana
Published: December 2021

The paper presents research regarding the evaluation of potential land suitable for energy crop production in order to obtain biomass as a renewable energy source. Statistic data is presented regarding the evolution of the fancier fund use, starting from 1990, until 2007, in form of pastures, vineyards and orchards, hayfields and inferior category arable lands. On the bases of the use rate of these types of land, land areas were estimated available for biomass type energy crops, at the level of Cluj County.

The study proposes the identification of the lands suitable for short term energy crops, like agricultural lands from the inferior category or from the degraded and unproductive lands category.
Nutrients Leaching From Soils with Different Functional Diversity Fertilized With Straw and Manure: An Experimental Approach
Authors: ŞANDOR Mignon , RUSU Mihai , MAXIM Aurel , MUNTEAN Edward , MIHĂIESCU Tania , TOADER Constantin
Published: December 2021

Nutrients leaching from the agricultural soils is a major environmental concern worldwide. The risk of nutrients leaching in soils fertilized with straw and manure was tested in mesocosms experiments during seven months. The biotic community of the mesocosms was controlled to assure a different functional diversity for each kind of fertilizer. After rainy periods, mesocosms collected leacheate was chemically analyzed in order to determine the amount of NO3-, NH4+, PO43-, K+. The outcomes have underlined the great leaching capacity of the nitrate (NO3-). The highest NO3- total amount recorded was of 1170 ppm while the smallest was of 641 ppm. Leaching capacity of the other nutrients, is more reduced compared with nitrate. The levigation capacity inreased in order K+> PO43-> NH4+. The results indicated also that the nutrients leaching is significantly greater for manure treatments than that of straw treatments. The greatest loss of nutrients was observed in high biological diversity treatments.
Observations Regarding Atropodes Phytophags which can Limitate the
Authors: TALMACIU Nela , TALMACIU Mihai , POPOVICI Iulian
Published: December 2021

The observations were made in year 2008 in natural pastures from the department of Iassy and department of Vaslui, nort-east of Romania. The pasture flora from the studied plots has 117 species of vascular plants, belonging to 84 genera and 24 families. The most common invasive species are: Xanthium italicum, Xanthium spinosum, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Lepidium draba, etc. Lepidium draba L. (family Brasicaceae), originary from Europe, became a problem plant in many agricultural ecosystems from our country. Hoary cress (Lepidium draba L.) is a perennial herb that reproduces by seeds and by horizontal creeping roots. The stem is stoutish, erect or spreading, plant is up to 10-80 cm tall, shortly pubescent. Root system is well-developed, consists of main tap root which reaches a depth of 1,2-2m. The leaves are alternating, simple and mostly toothed. The basal leaves are to 4-10cm, have a slight stem, and are long and flat. Flowers are small, white, with petals up to 3-5cm long. Fruit is silicve, obcordate. This plant flowers in april-may, bears fruits in june-july. The observations concerning investigations arthropods phyitophags to Lepidium draba L. they were effectuated taking count of the phenology plants, to the date of: 5.04, plants in phase of rosette and form's sake bonus stemlet; 27.04, plant of 10-15 cm, floral button; 12.05, plant of 20-30 cm, flowering 50%; 20.05, plant of 30-40 cm, the shaking 50%. Structure pest species to Lepidium draba L. and attacked organ: gall on root and based stems plants – larvae to Ceutorhynchus assimilis and Ceutorhynchus cardariae; stems and leaf - adults to Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus cardariae, Psylliodes wrasei; flowers – adults andlarvae to Meligethes spp., Aceria draba etc.
Research Concerning the Organic Technology for Satureja Hortensis L. Culture
Authors: VÂRBAN Dan Ioan , DUDA Marcel , VÂRBAN Rodica , MUNTEAN Sorin
Published: December 2021

The garden thyme is well known and used since antiquity. The air part of the plant (Saturejae herba) is used. It has carminative, expectorant and astringent action.

The research performed in this specie was performed based on the project PN II – parteneriates no. 51-032 with the title ”Implementation of the system of standardizing the vegetal raw material for increasing competitiveness in medicinal plants species valuable in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry”, where UASMV Cluj-Napoca is partner.

The plantation of the nursery transplant, in organic culture, was performed with 50 cm row distance and 20 cm between plants by row, in 18.05.2008.

During 2008, 3 manual hoeing and 6 sprinkler with 0.2% Bionat (product accepted for organic cultures) foliar fertilizer.

Based on bio-morphological determinations we concluded that average plant weight increased from the first up to the forth harvesting phase (from 27.5 g to 130.7 g). The herbal production increase from first up to latest harvesting phase, from 2,743 kg/ha to 10,561 kg/ha, respectively. The vegetation period during 2008 was of 103 days. The highest content in triterpenic acids 3.3287 g%, respectively, was recorded in the second harvesting phase.
Correlations between Lead and Cadmium Pollution of Honey and Environmental Heavy Metal Presence in Two Romanian Counties
Authors: ZUGRAVU Corina-Aurelia , PARVU Monica , PATRASCU Dana , STOIAN Ancuta
Published: December 2021

Environmental heavy metal pollution is a reality in our country and can lead to chemical contamination of products entering in the human food chain. Several European studies linked the environmental level of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with their respective level in local hive products. In the present study, the purpose was to evaluate if there can be found a correlation between the environmental pollution with cadmium and lead and the level of these metals in some samples of Romanian honey. Honey was harvested from areas located near pollution sources (very circulated points, factories) and from areas generally known as unpolluted (far from towns, circulated roads, industrial plants) of 2 counties, Prahova and Arges (n=108). The metal content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the team evaluated statistically (t- test) if there are any significaticantive differences between honeys from the 2 types of environment. It has been found that the metal load was greater in polluted areas (for cadmium: t=+6, df=106, p
Studies Concerning the Influence of Radiations on Biological Features During Imbibition and Sprouting
Authors: IMBREA Florin , PÎRŞAN Paul , MARINKOVIC Branko , GHEORGHE David , BOTOŞ Lucian , JURJESCU Adela
Published: December 2021

The method of stimulation with impulsive electro-magnetic resonance we have used is based on the action of the impulsive electro-magnetic field characterized by well-established frequencies. In establishing frequencies we have had in mind only frequencies that stimulate plant growth and improve quality. In this paper we present a study on the influence of these treatments on maize seed germination since electro-magnetic waves act on water structure in the cell with a beneficial effect on germination.    .
Vegetable Oils – as Pure Power Source in Agricultural Farms with Positive Impact on the Environment
Authors: GĂGEANU Paul , PĂUN Anişoara , VLĂDUŢ Valentin , DANCIU Aurel
Published: December 2021

Turning to good account the agricultural potential by encouraging alternative crops of technical plants, such as rape, aiming to provide an alternative energy source of fuel for tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines, represents a current energy expectation with extensive perspectives of development in the field cropping from Romania.

During the last years the cropping of plants with a high energy potential: rape, soy beans, sunflower, sugar sorghum etc. on larger and larger surfaces has known an outstanding proportion, most of all that after EU negotiations and the implementation of the Community acquits that refers to arable crops (cereals, oil-bearing plants, protein crops, etc.) each EU-member country received a quota from the overall surface that is lower than the existing one, and thus important surfaces remained that may be used, as such, for the cropping of plants with a high energy potential aiming to assure the required energy for their own consumption in farms, micro-farms etc. (alternative energy sources).

In opposition to conventional fuels, “biodiesel” has a reduced content of sulphur, its presence in the air generating acid rains. “Biodiesel” does not contain aromatic matters either, such as benzene. During “biodiesel” burning carbon dioxide is generated, however, no toxic pollutants.