bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРИБОСИСТЕМ ПРИ НАЯВНОСТІ ФУЛЕРЕНІВ В МАСТИЛЬНОМУ МАТЕРІАЛІ. ЧАСТИНА 1. ЗА ПАРАМЕТРОМ ТРИБОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК БАЗОВОЇ ОЛИВИ
Authors: Войтов Віктор Анатолійович , Кравцов Андрій Григорович
Published: September 2024

Представлені результати експериментальних досліджень метою яких є підтвердження адекватності розроблених математичних моделей формування зносостійкої змащувальної плівки  на поверхнях тертя при наявності фулеренових композицій за різними базовими оливами. З аналізу представлених експериментальних значень і їх порівняння з теоретичними залежностями слідує, що математична модель формування мастильної плівки на поверхні тертя трибоелементів, яка розроблена в попередніх роботах авторів, адекватно відображає процес тертя та зношування і знаходиться в функціональному взаємозв'язку зі швидкістю зношування та коефіцієнтом тертя. Експериментальні дослідження дозволили підтвердити теоретично отриманий в попередніх роботах результат, що застосування фулеренової композиції, що складається з розчинника-рослинної олії і дрібнодисперсного порошку фулеренів, знижує швидкість зношування при зміні трибологічних властивостей базових олив на 20,1 ... 22,6%. Похибка моделювання становить 6,5 ... 9,2%. На основі експериментальних досліджень зроблено висновок, що введення фулеренової композиції в базові оливи з низькими значеннями трибологічних властивостей зменшує коефіцієнт тертя на 18%. Максимальний ефект зниження коефіцієнта тертя, що дорівнює 71 - 86%, характерний для базових олив з середніми значеннями трибологічних властивостей. Експериментальними дослідженнями підтверджено, що збільшення концентрації фулеренової композиції в базової оливі від 50 гр/кг до 150 гр/кг дозволяє знизити об'ємну швидкість зношування та коефіцієнт тертя між даними концентраціями на 7,8% (теоретичний результат 6,4%). Тому напрямок зниження об'ємної швидкості зношування та коефіцієнта тертя за рахунок збільшення концентрації фулеренової композиції більш 100 гр/кг можна визнати малоефективним і експериментально підтвердженим.
ПОВЕДІНКА ЗНОСОСТІЙКИХ ЕПОКСИДНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ В УМОВАХ КОНТАКТНО-ДИНАМІЧНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ
Authors: Полоз Олексій Юрійович , Ебіч Юрій Рахмієлевич
Published: September 2024

Встановлено поведінку захисних зносостійких епоксидних матеріалів на основі промислової діанової смоли ЕД-20, що працюють в динамічних умовах жорсткого ударно-абразивного зношування, з урахуванням впливу їх структурних особливостей, співвідношення пружної та в’язкої складових енергії деформування на час основних фаз процесу, величину деформації та зносостійкість. З’ясовано, що зносостійкість промислових епоксидних композитів узгоджується із основними параметрами процесу їх деформування при контактно-динамічному навантаженні. Розроблений промисловий склад композиту із застосуванням мультидисперсного силіцій карбіду за зносостійкістю не поступається кращим світовим аналогам.
Stacking Ensemble Artificial Intelligence Model for Heart Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Njoku Felix , Ekpar Frank
Published: September 2024

Personalized treatment plans, predictive analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostics are becoming more and more popular as a way to improve decision-making, expedite operations, and improve patient care. But there are still a number of substantial barriers to overcome, which includes but not limited to issues with user adoption, trust, prejudice, and fairness brought on by resistance from healthcare providers and a lack of confidence in the system's recommendations. To overcome these challenges and realize the full potential of AI-driven solutions, the system's accuracy and safety through meticulous testing and validation of AI algorithms becomes indispensable. This research provides a hybrid AI model that blends three base models with a Meta model in order to diagnose heart disease effectively. The essence is to revalidate the existing AI diagnostic models for cardiac diseases diagnostics and to tackle the concerns impeding the full utilization of the available AI diagnostic system. The study makes use of each model's advantages by merging these various and complimentary algorithms into a stacking ensemble model to create a diagnostic system that is more potent. Using publicly available heart disease data, the model performs remarkably well; it achieves 89% accuracy, 85% recall (sensitivity), 92% specificity, and 89% precision. This hybrid model's performance and proven efficacy are expected to boost trust in the system's recommendations and encourage broader implementation in clinical practice.
Digital Technologies Supporting SMEs – A Survey in Albanian Manufacturers’ Websites
Authors: Pano Nikollaq , Gjika Ira , Hoxha Eneida
Published: September 2024

Marketing is now the main tool for creating, communicating, and distributing value from producers to customers and consumers. The key element and in many cases the first contact of clients or customers to a manufacturer or product is the website. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how website and internet marketing are used by manufacturing SMEs in Albania and how they can be further improved. The objective of the study is to highlight the current situation in Albanian manufacturing SMEs and to display the opportunities offered by information technology for increasing the effectiveness of internet marketing for them. The study followed the qualitative approach, using the case study method applied to some manufacturing companies. The results show that companies appraise the role of digital technologies and internet marketing and are investing to deploy them. Still, the use of digital systems and tools in communication and marketing by companies is often done spontaneously, without defined goals and poorly aligned with strategic plans or marketing policies. The paper discusses the findings from the observation in the Albanian environment and gives practical recommendations for potential improvements in using of the website and internet marketing by manufacturing companies.
Especies de importancia ecológica con fines de restauración en paisajes de cafetal en el Valle de Tenza
Authors: Rodríguez-Sabogal Rafael Andrés , Ramos Montaño Carolina , Lagos López Mayer Isnardo
Published: September 2024

El libro “Especies de importancia ecológica con fines de restauración en paisajes de cafetal en el Valle de Tenza” surgió para atender una necesidad manifestada por los cultivadores de la región, en el sentido de promover responsablemente actividades de reforestación en paisajes degradados en entornos de cafetal. La Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), a través del Grupo Ecología de Organismos (GEO) atendió este llamado, mediante el proyecto SGI 3060: “Dispersión, bancos de semillas y bancos de plántulas: Efectos del uso de suelo (Valle de Tenza, Boyacá-Colombia)”, donde además de estudiar las dinámicas regenerativas de las especies arbóreas y arbustivas de la región, nos dimos a la tarea de recomendar las especies que mejor pueden adecuarse en diferentes condiciones de hábitat, disturbio y estado sucesional. Este trabajo recopila información morfológica, ecológica, etnológica, de propagación y conservación, que es de gran utilidad para las comunidades del Valle de Tenza, en su interés y compromiso por la preservación de ecosistemas naturales y seminaturales de paisajes cafeteros. Igualmente, será de mucha ayuda la presentación de especies que adquieren fácilmente comportamientos invasivos bajo escenarios de disturbio, por lo que no se recomienda su siembra a pesar de ser, en algunos casos, nativas del neotrópico. Consideramos este producto una contribución más de la UPTC a la promoción de ambientes sanos y a la conservación de la diversidad en Colombia.
Manicômio Judiciário: O Arcaico que se Mantém Incólume
Authors: Bagatin Thiago , Boarini Maria Lucia
Published: September 2024

Na ciência psiquiátrica tradicional, em geral, a noção de periculosidade é atribuída ao sujeito com transtorno mental e não às condições que o levaram a manejar seu comportamento. Ignora-se, portanto, que as ações, criminosas ou não, são fenômenos complexos, que resultam da interação entre os sujeitos e a realidade concreta. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar a importância da estruturação dos serviços de saúde mental como forma de atenção à pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei. Para tanto, reconstruímos, por meio de estudo de caso, a relação emblemática de uma pessoa que sofre psiquicamente com os serviços de saúde mental. Nossa pesquisa revelou que a periculosidade pode ser gerada muito mais nos entreveros do Estado do que nas condições apresentadas pela pessoa com transtorno mental em conflito com a lei.
Pediatric facial trauma management: Emergency case in a toddler
Authors: Rarasati Swarantika Aulia , Sylvyana Melita , Putri Dian Maifara
Published: September 2024

Background: Facial soft tissue trauma cases are often encountered in the emergency room. Soft tissue trauma, especially to the face, is rarely life threatening. It varies in shape, size, and depth and can also affect surrounding organs. The treatment of soft tissue trauma can be complicated and may have a significant impact on facial function and, especially, facial aesthetics. Children are easily injured due to their active nature. Soft tissue trauma to the faces of toddlers is challenging even for experienced surgeons; however, wound debridement and suture management under general anesthesia should be considered. Purpose: The aim of this article is to deliver a thorough overview of the evaluation and treatment of soft tissue injuries in children, covering initial assessments, physical examinations, the application of antimicrobial therapies, and preparation for surgical procedures. Case: An 11-month-old girl went to the emergency department of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, with injuries to her left cheek and upper left lip sustained when she fell, and her face hit the edge of a cement pot at home. There was no history of unconsciousness, nausea and vomiting. The injury was diagnosed as vulnus laceratum of the left face and upper lip region. Case management: Emergency management was carried out by triage, Tetagam injection, and early wound debridement and suture under general anesthesia because the patient was uncooperative. Wounds on the face and lips were primary sutured layer by layer, returning the wound edges to their normal anatomical position. Conclusion: The management of facial soft tissue injuries in toddlers requires general anesthesia for adequate and accurate wound debridement and suture, so that functional and aesthetic effects can be satisfactorily obtained.
Characterization of fuel-induced water contamination: chemical composition, odor threshold, and ecotoxicological implications
Authors: Strandberg Johan , Waldetoft Hannes , Egelrud Liselotte , Backlund Arvid , Cascone Claudia , Thorsén Gunnar , Potter Annika , Giovanoulis Georgios
Published: September 2024

Fuel spills pose significant environmental risks, particularly to drinking water sources and aquatic ecosystems. The composition of fuels has changed over the decades to reduce fossil greenhouse gas emissions. In Sweden, although the number of spill incidents has declined, with around 600 cases reported annually, there remains limited knowledge on the environmental and health impacts of modern fuels. This study aimed to address this gap through comprehensive chemical analysis and ecotoxicological assessments of 31 fuel samples, including petrol, diesel, fuel oil, and marine gas oil. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we determined 53 substances, including aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ethers, esters, and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A key focus was on forming a stable water-accommodated fraction (WAF) to isolate non-dissolved fuel elements from water, which is crucial for assessing subsurface aquatic life and drinking water production impacts. Results indicated significant differences in fuel odor profiles, with ethers enhancing odor intensity. Petrol components showed higher water solubility than diesel, partly due to ethanol. Ecotoxicological tests revealed varying toxicity across fuels, with petrol showing the highest toxicity to aquatic organisms, although activated sludge exhibited resilience. Fuels containing water-soluble ethers posed the highest risks to drinking water, while modern diesel was of lower concern due to its low solubility and toxicity. In freshwater ecosystems, petrol and hydrophobic toxins in fuel oil had severe effects during spills. Overall, this study offers critical insights into the environmental impact of common fuels, supporting improved risk assessment and management strategies for spill mitigation and water resource protection.
An effect of environmental disclosure on financial performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia and Singapore
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Cahyawati Noor Endah , Azizah Almas ,   Department of Accounting, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze the effect of environmental disclosure on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia and Singapore. The sample in this study consisted of 108 manufacturing companies from Indonesia and 102 manufacturing companies from Singapore. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression. The results of this study indicated that environmental disclosure affected financial performance (ROA, ROE, and NPM) in Indonesia. However, the research on the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on financial performance (ROA, ROE, and NPM) in Singapore showed the opposite results. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed that environmental disclosure did not affect EPS in Indonesia and Singapore. In addition, this study also proved that Indonesia and Singapore had different levels of CSR implementation in which Singapore had a better quality of CSR disclosure than Indonesia. Hopefully, the study can provide an overview of the non-monetary aspects that should be considered in investment.
Sosiodemografis dan rata-rata produktivitas tenaga kerja di Indonesia
Authors: Dirgantara Teddy , Santoso Rokhedi Priyo
Published: September 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors, including education and health level and the number of non-productive workers, on labor productivity in Indonesia.
Methods – The study's observations cover all provinces in Indonesia from the period of 2000 to 2022. The research method used is the Error Correction Model (ECM), which allows for a more in-depth analysis of short-term and long-term effects.
Findings – The results indicate that in the short term, education and health levels positively affect labor productivity. Conversely, the presence of non-productive contributes to a decline in labor productivity. In the long term, education and health levels continue to positively impact labor productivity, while the presence of non-productive workers shows no significant effect on productivity.
Implication – The government needs to enhance and equalize access to education and healthcare for the population to improve labor productivity and overall workforce welfare in Indonesia.
Originality – This study provides an analysis of both short-term and long-term impacts of demographic factors on labor productivity, a topic that has been rarely explored in previous research.
 
Abstrak
Tujuan – Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor sosiodemografis yang terdiri dari tingkat pendidikan, tingkat kesehatan, dan jumlah pekerja non produktif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja di Indonesia.
Metode – Observasi penelitian terdiri dari semua provinsi di Indonesia mulai periode tahun 2000 – 2022. Metode penelitian adalah Error Correcition Model (ECM) untuk lebih jauh menganalisis pengaruh dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang.
Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek, faktor tingkat pendidikan dan kesehatan berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja. Sebaliknya jumlah pekerja non produktif mempengaruhi penurunan produktivitas. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang, faktor tingkat pendidikan dan kesehatan tetap berpengaruh positif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja. Sementara itu jumlah tenaga kerja non produktif tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap produktivitas.
Implikasi – Pemerintah perlu meningkatkan dan memeratakan akses masyarakat terhadap pendidikan dan kesehatan dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja di Indonesia.
Orisinalitas – Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dari faktor demografis terhadap tingkat produktivitas tenaga kerja dimana topik ini sangat jarang diteliti.
Parental decision-making in taking care of child health in Indonesia: Findings from a national survey
Authors: Prasetyo Yoyok Bekti , Fahad Mochammad , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Huriah Titih , Latif Rusnani AB
Published: September 2024

Background: The decision-making process to search for child health services involves interaction among the mother, partner, and other family members. Parental decision-making is highly complex since it involves an emotional consideration between the benefit and the child's future. The common problem in deciding the service is the lack of capabilities, such as facility, knowledge, and skill.Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on parents' decision-making in obtaining health services for their children Methods: This study design was cross-sectional data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) of 2017, which was applied in this study. The respondents involved were 8,838 women aged 15-49 who had given birth in the last five years. This study employed descriptive, chi-square, and regression statistics analysis. The results were provided as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95 percent confidence intervals. The statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 21.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between decision-making and age, living place, educational background, and wealth index (p-values 0.030, <0.001, 0.002, and 0.006), but not with health insurance ownership (p=0.242). After multivariate analysis, only age-related decisions were associated with a significant risk. It explained that younger group (15-29) has a 0.325 times chance of making a joint decision than the 40 to 49-year-old group (AOR: 0.325; 95%CI: 0.144-0.733). Conclusion: Parental decision-making regarding childcare is related to several factors, namely age, living place, educational background, and socioeconomic status. Health education is a strategy to promote child health in Indonesia by facilitating proper decision-making.
The Unified Mechanism of Cosmic and Material Structure Based on the Ideal Model of Cosmic Continuum
Authors: Wang Xijia
Published: September 2024

The fundamental divergence in foundation of modern physics lies in the incompatibility between quantum theory and relativity. This study created a relative continuum, found a mathematical tool for the cosmic continuum; proposed dark particle hypothesis, filled gap on minimum existence quantity particle; discovered new equivalence principle, bridged differences in foundation of physics; and established an ideal model, revealed deep essence of cosmic and material structure. In this model, any cosmic system is a continuum composed of existence continuum relative to the wavelength of bosons energy waves and its dimension continuum. This model provides new perspectives on the fundamental problems of physics and cosmology. Firstly, it elucidated the physical mechanism of bosons in fundamental interactions. Secondly, it reconstructed the understanding of the basic unit of the cosmic and material structure. Thirdly, it updated the inherent concepts about the existence form and existence dimension. Fourthly, it restored the causality truth of wave function collapse in quantum mechanics.
Antifungal Efficacy and Biofilm Inhibition of Candida albicans by Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in Vietnam: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Tuan Dang Anh , Uyen Pham Vu Nhat , Van Nguyen Thi Tuong , Khuon Nguyen Van , Binh Ly An , Nhan Ngo Vo Thien , Masak Jan
Published: September 2024

Candida albicans, a prominent constituent of the human microbiota, poses a significant health threat due to its opportunistic pathogenicity and adept biofilm-forming capabilities. This research delves into the antifungal attributes and biofilm inhibition potential of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) cultivated in Vietnam. Renowned for its bioactive compounds, including terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, and terpinolene, the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, commonly referred to as tea tree oil (TTO), is scrutinized for its impact on Candida albicans. The study meticulously determines the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of TTO against Candida albicans in both planktonic and biofilm states. Additionally, it assesses the biofilm-forming capacity of Candida albicans and establishes the Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) of TTO. Employing a liquid culture dilution method within a defined concentration range of 0.1 μL/mL to 10 μL/mL, the experimental approach adheres to established protocols. The outcomes reveal a noteworthy MIC and MIC80 of 0.1 μL/mL and 2 μL/mL, respectively, and an MFC of 10 μL/mL for TTO against Candida albicans. Furthermore, TTO exhibits an MBIC of 2 μL/mL, showcasing its efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation. However, the MBEC of TTO remains uncertain, possibly due to insufficient concentration tested, which may not effectively disrupt over 50% of the pre-formed biofilm mass within 24 hours. These results underscore the promising potential of TTO as a potent antifungal agent and biofilm inhibitor against Candida albicans, offering valuable insights for the innovation of novel therapeutic strategies in the realm of fungal infections.
Data-Aided Sensing for Semantic Communication: A Brief Survey
Authors: Awais Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in semantic communication (SC) have shown the potential to surpass the limitations of the Shannon theorem, by leveraging an understanding of the meaning of data instead of the data itself. In networks, data-aided sensing (DAS) presents a powerful tool that can significantly reduce communication overhead, aligning perfectly with the goals of SC by providing more powerful semantic messages. This survey explores the synergy between DAS and SC and investigates how their convergence can lead to more efficient and effective communication.
AI’s Role in Fortifying Cyber Defenses: A 2024 Perspective on Machine and Deep Learning Applications
Authors: Biplob Md. Badiuzzaman , Konika Mahmuda Samia , Ahsan Kazi Mohammad Moinul , Zannat Tasnia , Ahmed Arif
Published: September 2024

By 2024, artificial intelligence (AI) will have had a revolutionary impact on cyber security, putting the sector at a critical turning point. This article explores the significant influence AI has had on cyber security procedures, outlining the progress made as well as the difficulties faced. artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed threat detection and response systems, allowing for proactive security tactics against a constantly changing array of cyber threats. By utilizing neural networks and machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) systems can predict possible security breaches, detect unusual trends, and automatically reduce risks in real-time. These capabilities are unparalleled. Nevertheless, despite these impressive advancements, worries about data privacy, adversarial attacks, and ethical ramifications remain significant. Moreover, the never-ending game of cat and mouse between cyber attackers and defenders continues, requiring constant innovation and adaptability in cyber security strategies driven by Artificial Intelligence. In addition to providing insights into its implications for protecting digital assets and bolstering resilience against cyber threats in the changing cyber security scenario of 2024, this paper summarizes the current state of the artificial intelligence revolution in cyber security.
Securing Tomorrow’s Digital World: Key Trends in Cyber security for 2024
Authors: Biplob Md. Badiuzzaman , Marma Suiching mong , Akther Mili
Published: September 2024

It is critical to keep abreast of emerging dangers in the constantly changing field of cyber security. As 2024 approaches, numerous technological developments and trends are changing how businesses handle cyber security. This article explores the cutting edge of cyber security developments that are expected to rule in 2024. The field of cyber security is undergoing a revolution, from the adoption of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) as the new paradigm to the integration of AI and ML for real-time threat detection. Solutions for Extended Detection and Response (XDR) are becoming the mainstay for thorough threat detection and response in a variety of contexts, including networks, endpoints, and cloud environments. The use of biometric authentication techniques is growing in popularity because they provide better access control and identity verification. Concurrently, Deception Technologies are altering defensive tactics by using fictitious assets to trick and identify attackers at an early stage. Quantum-resistant cryptography, which aims to protect sensitive data from future quantum attacks, is on the horizon given the threat posed by quantum computing. Furthermore, the growing number of linked devices emphasizes how critical it is to strengthen IoT security protocols. Moreover, as long as companies are using cloud computing, they must make sure that strong cloud security protocols are in place. Simultaneously, the emergence of containerization technologies demands a targeted strategy for containerized environment security. Organizations must adopt these practices and strengthen their defenses against new threats as the cyber security landscape changes. Businesses may confidently and resiliently traverse the complex cybersecurity landscape of 2024 by remaining aware and implementing proactive security measures.
A Systematic Review of Global Research Trends on the Philosophy of Avicenna Between 2000 and 2023
Authors: Azimi Mahdi , Davar Mohamad Mahdi
Published: September 2024

Background: Due to the importance of Avicenna in the history of philosophy and his special views and ideas, the views of this philosopher have always been examined by scholars and researchers. This is why many researchers have been published in connection with Avicenna's philosophy. Thereby, the comprehensive study in relation to the review of previous studies about philosophy of Avicenna is important. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection has been used to review documents, and the data has been analyzed in VOSviewer. Results: Based on the findings in the WoS and also the maps made by VOSviewer, Types of documents, languages, documents per year, countries, journals, authors, citations, and keywords were analyzed, and based on these data and analysis the limitations of studies are realized.
Reverse Engineering: Modeling Exhaust Emissions in Older Vehicles in the Era of New Technologies
Authors: Mądziel Maksymilian
Published: September 2024

In the face of increasing environmental protection requirements, modeling emissions from older vehicles presents a significant challenge. This paper introduces an innovative methodology for developing emission models for older vehicles by employing advanced AI and machine learning techniques. The study utilized algorithms, including gradient boosting, to analyze data from road tests and the OBDII diagnostic interface, allowing the creation of precise models for CO₂, CO, THC and NOx emissions. A key achievement is the implementation of input data clustering, which significantly enhances the accuracy of emission forecasts. Model validation demonstrated high precision, with notable R² coefficients and mean squared errors. The developed models serve as a crucial tool for analyzing and managing emissions in the context of an aging vehicle fleet, providing new opportunities to shape transportation policy and strategies for pollution reduction.
(R)-2-Amino-1-Hydroxyethylphosphonic Acid
Authors: Motevalli Majid , Abrahams Isaac , Blakskjær Peter , Wyatt Caroline E. , Wyatt Peter B.
Published: September 2024

(R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid 2 was prepared by hydrolytic kinetic resolution of rac-diethyl oxiran-2-ylphosphonate followed by reaction with benzylamine, acid hydrolysis, catalytic hydrogenolysis and anion exchange chromatography. Recrystallization from water-ethanol gave 2, which was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, polarimetry, elemental microanalysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The acid 2 crystallized in the orthorhombic chiral space group P212121 with cell constants a = 6.303(2) Å, b = 7.104(2) Å, c = 11.627(3) Å. The X-ray crystal structure confirmed the (R)-configuration of 2 and revealed that 2 is zwitterionic in the solid state, with extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl, ammonium cation and phosphonate anion groups.
Development and Validation of Instruments to Assess Competencies and Knowledge in Sustainability in Nutrition Students
Authors: Flores-Bello Maria Veronica , García Lopez Georgina Isabel , Ray Sumantra
Published: September 2024

Objective: The article presents a methodology for the design and validation of two assessment instruments: one focused on competency development and the other on knowledge acquisition on sustainability, aimed at nutrition students from a Mexican university. Method: These instruments were adapted using the triangulation methodology and administered to a group of 45 students after receiving an intervention based on the systemic approach to nutrition. Following the intervention, an analysis of the results was carried out to validate the reliability and validity of the instruments, and to evaluate the impact of the intervention compared to a control group. Results: The findings indicated that the dimensions used in the instrument are suitable for evaluating competency development, additionally, it was found that both instruments are reliable tools for assessing competency development and knowledge in sustainability among nutrition students, concluding that they have the potential to be used for evaluating education in sustainability. Furthermore, the results reveal that the application of an intervention based on the systemic approach to nutrition has a positive impact on the development and acquisition of sustainable nutrition education. The students who received the intervention achieved significantly higher scores in all sustainability sub-competencies (W=100, p=0.019), as well as in the total percentage of sustainable knowledge (w=53, n=0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study pave the way for the operationalization of competency and knowledge dimensions in food sustainability, which can contribute to the evaluation of sustainability education and its impact on the training of nutrition students committed to sustainability.
Co-optimisation of Mechanical Properties and Radiopacity through Radiopaque Filler Incorporation for Medical Tubing Applications
Authors: Nugent Alan , Molloy Joseph , Colbert Declan Mary
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research project was to evaluate the effects of the addition of inorganic fillers into PEBA at various loading levels on the processing, mechanical, thermal and physical properties of the polymer. The composites investigated in this study were Pebax® 6333 SA01 MED (PEBA100) with 10 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% Barium Sulphate (PEBA/BaSO4) and Bismuth Oxychloride (PEBA/BiOCl) respectively. Composites were prepared using twin screw extrusion and injection moulding. Post-processing, composite samples were analysed for their mechanical properties (via tensile, impact and flexural analysis), thermal properties (via differential scanning calorimetry), rheological performance (via melt flow index) and physical properties (via density analysis and ash content testing). The results of which reveal how filler type and concentration influence PEBA composites. The results of the study suggest that BiOCl filler enhances the aesthetic properties, increases the stiffness, while maintaining some level of flexibility with minimal adverse effects on the tensile and impact strength. When comparing BiOCl to BaSO4 filled composites, it was clear that depending on the application of the polymer composite, BiOCl may provide more desirable properties. The study highlights the importance of optimising filler concentration and processing conditions to achieve desired composite properties for specific medical applications.
The Mathematization of Puzzles or Puzzling Mathematics Innovative Teaching of Mathematics
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: September 2024

It is a fact, that the varying definitions and perspectives on thinking among scientists, emphasizing the influence of theoretical foundations and practical experiences on individual mental processes, would equally highligh the importance of mathematics in developing thinking skills by fostering connections between ideas, organizing information, and encouraging students to record problem-solving strategies. The professional development of mathematics teachers aims to enhance students' thinking abilities by focusing on skills such as problem-solving, abstraction, generalization, and divergent thinking. The use of puzzles and games in education to enhance students' mathematical thinking and problem-solving skills, as a significant indicator on how puzzles and games can engage students in critical thinking, logical reasoning, and creative problem-solving, leading to a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts. By incorporating educational games into teaching, educators can create a fun and interactive learning environment that promotes cognitive, emotional, and psychomotor development in students. On a different note, the potential negative behaviors that can arise from games, such as fraud and deception, when the focus shifts away from educational goals, could be prevented to ensure that games are not solely recreational, do not overly emphasize winning or losing, align with social values, and are understood by students as purposeful educational activities. Additionally, fostering self-efficacy beliefs among students can enhance their persistence and success in achieving goals, as demonstrated in studies using game-based learning environments to improve mathematical skills and motivation. The current exposition showcases the significance of employing puzzles to revolutionize both theory and practice of teaching mathematics. Most potentially, some emerging open problems are provided. The paper ends with some concluding remarks combined with futuristic research pathways.
Bridging the Gap: How Accounting for Social Determinants of Health Can Improve Digital Health Equity in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Kim Daniel , Eltahir Ahmed , Ngo Summer , Rodriguez Fatima
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review: In this review, we discuss the importance of digital health equity and how social determinants of health (and intersectionality with race, ethnicity, and gender) affect cardiovascular health-related outcomes in digital health trials. We propose strategies to improve digital health equity as we move to a digitally-connected world for healthcare applications and beyond.Recent findings: Digital health has immense promise to improve population health by reaching individuals in their homes, at their preferred times. However, initial data demonstrate decreased patient engagement and worse cardiovascular outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities, leading to unequal uptake of digital health technologies. In addition, while women generally have higher uptake of technology, they are less likely to be referred by clinicians for digital health interventions. We highlight several exemplar trials and analyze their methodology for replication in future digital health research.Summary: The promise of digital health equity has not been reached due to exclusionary practices. Specific focus must be placed on societal/governmental policies that enable digital inclusion, particularly of racial and ethnic minority populations and women, to ensure that the expansion of digital health technologies does not exacerbate existing health disparities.
A Novel Energy Replenishment Algorithm to Increase Network performance of Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Tariq Tariq , Hussain Adil , Eswarakrishnan Vishwanath , Wei Zhu , Uzair Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The emerging wireless energy transfer technology enables sensor nodes to maintain perpetual operation. However, maximizing the network performance while preserving short charging delay is a great challenge. In this work, a Wireless Mobile Charger (WMC) and a Directional Charger (DC) are deployed to transmit wireless energy to the sensor node to improve the network's throughput. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to optimize the data sensing rate and charging delay by joint scheduling of MC and DC. We prove we can transmit maximum energy to each sensor node to obtain our optimization objective. In our proposed work, a DC selects a total horizon of equipped with DCs, which selects the horizon of each specific area with based on its antenna orientation. DC's orientation is scheduled for each time slot. Furthermore, multiple MCs are used to transmit energy for sensor nodes which cannot be covered by DCs. We divided the Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Network into several zones via the Voronoi diagram. We deployed a static DC and one MC charging location in each zone to provide wireless charging service jointly. We obtain the optimal charging location of MCs in each zone by solving Mix Integral Programming for energy transmission. The optimization objective of our proposed research is to sense maximum data from each sensor node with the help of maximum energy. The lifetime of each sensor network can increase, and the end delay can be maximized with joint energy transmission. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that our RWSNs are designed significantly to improve network lifetime over the baseline method.
Maternal Behavioral Patterns and Their Impact on Fetal Development Trajectories
Authors: Jithesh Nidhi
Published: September 2024

Poor perinatal mental health can have significant and lasting impacts on a woman’s overall health and the well-being of her children and family. From conception, a baby's behavior, appearance, aversions, and interests can be influenced by the prenatal environment. Thus, the quality of prenatal care is crucial. Factors such as maternal stress, environmental conditions, cravings, mood swings, hormonal changes, and emotional experiences during pregnancy can profoundly affect the baby’s behavior once born. The baby's interaction with the external world begins from conception, not just at birth. For instance, maternal depression can negatively affect both the mental and physical health of the infant. Therefore, fostering a supportive environment for expectant mothers is essential for their health and that of their unborn child. Promoting the mother’s well-being through happiness and comfort is critical.This review paper aims to synthesize current research on maternal-fetal attachment during pregnancy, its evolution, and its postpartum effects on the mother-infant relationship. It will explore how these dynamics change over time, both during pregnancy and after delivery, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing attachment and related outcomes. As Alan Soufre, a famous developmental psychologist would state, "Attachment would begin before birth. The mother’s emotional state can shape the child’s development trajectory long before the child is born."
Selenomethionine Mitigates Effects of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Assabayev Talgat , Han Jinge , Bahetijiang Halihaxi , Abdrassilova Venera , Khan Muhammad Asfandyar , Barkema Herman W. , Liu Gang , Kastelic John P. , Zhou Xueying , Han Bo
Published: September 2024

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica causes bovine mastitis, reduces milk quantity and quality, and is often re-sistant to antimicrobials. Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a form of selenium, an essential trace el-ement. Although SeMet reduced ROS-mediated apoptosis and intramammary infections. How-ever, protective effects of SeMet on N. cyriacigeorgica-infected bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are unclear. The objective was to evaluate whether SeMet mitigated N. cyriacigeorgi-ca-induced inflammatory injury, oxidative damage and apoptosis in bMECs. Cells were cultured with or without being pretreated 40 µM of SeMet for 12 h, then challenged N. cyriacigeorgica (MOI=5:1) for 6 h. Although N. cyriacigeorgica was resistant to lincomycin, erythromycin, en-rofloxacin, penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalonium, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone, 40 μM SeMet in-creased cell viability and inhibited LDH release in infected bMECs. Furthermore, N. cyriacigeor-gica significantly induced mRNA production and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 at 6 h. Cell membrane rupture, cristae degeneration and mitochondria swelling were evi-dent with transmission electron microscopy. SOD and GSH-px activities were down regulated after 3, 6 or 12 h, whereas MDA and ROS contents were significantly upregulated, with cell damage and apoptosis rapidly evident (the latter increased significantly in a time-dependent manner). In contrast, bMECs pretreated with 40 μM SeMet before infection, SOD and GSH-px ac-tivities were upregulated (P < 0.05), MDA and ROS concentrations were downregulated (P < 0.05), and apoptosis was reduced (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 40 μM SeMet alleviated inflammation, oxi-dative stress and apoptosis induced by N. cyriacigeorgica in bMECs cultured in vitro.
Essence Dynamics: Essence Interactions, Applications and Reality. Part II
Authors: Francis Ogaeze
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into the intricate nature of the different essence interactions that shape our perceived reality, leveraging a blend of existing empirical data and original experiments. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing quantum mechanics, general physics, metaphysics, philosophy, and spiritualism, it seeks to elucidate the fundamental interplays governing phenomena such as gravity, mass, electromagnetism, force, motion, and quantum mechanics. This exploration promises a reexamination and unification of these principles, offering novel perspectives on the extraordinary phenomena that underpin our reality. By comprehending and manipulating these interactions, the potential arises to orchestrate reality towards desired ends. This study not only unveils compelling avenues for scientific advancement but also proposes transformative technologies and concepts, including light-speed transportation, remote viewing, communication with the deceased, alchemy, and the realization of what is commonly perceived as magic. These visionary notions not only push the boundaries of current understanding but also provide a captivating glimpse into the future possibilities that may await humanity.
Finding Transmittance Spectrum Envelopes for Optical Characterization of Thin Solid Films
Authors: Ballester Manuel , Marquez Emilio , Willomitzer Florian , Katsaggelos Aggelos
Published: September 2024

We propose a novel optimization approach for determining the envelopes of thin-film transmittance spectra. This method can be coupled with the Swanepoel algorithm to determine the optical properties of the thin films.
Mitigating Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Software-Defined Networking
Authors: Alnajim Abdullah , Alotaibi Faisal , Khan Sheroz
Published: September 2024

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is among the commonly used type of network attacks, particularly aimed at the IoT devices in the emerging future wireless services specially for strictly latency-limited applications. DDoS attacks pose serious threats for many entrepreneurial businesses as they can prevent legitimate customers from accessing network resources of corporate websites, demanding intelligent analytics prior to entertaining a service request. DDoS involves exploiting the vulnerability of IoT devices by launching distributed multi-point attacks to generate high traffic by flooding the network of victims. The consequences of DDoS attacks could be worst in any Software-Defined Networking (SDN) than in traditional networks because SDN is configured as centralised architecture, failing to address the weaknesses current paradigm. However, SDN can play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of DDoS attacks as it bears the features of easy programmability, manageability, flexibility, and scalability. In this manuscript preliminary framework to detect DDoS attacks by mitigating their threats in an SDN architecture is presented. The authors propose a defense mechanism that uses OpenFlow and sFlow to mitigate the effects of DDoS attacks. The initial results show that the proposed model can minimize efficiently the consequences of DDoS attacks in an SDN type of architectural paradigm.
Serum Phosphate within Reference Levels Associates with All-Cause Mortality in Non-Dialysis CKD Patients: A 5-Year Pro-spective Cohort Study
Authors: Cerqueira Ana , Quelhas-Santos Janete , Paulo Núria , Dias Claudia Camila , Pestana Manuel
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are markedly increased in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Thus, the precise management of CV risk factors involved in CKD is crucial to improving outcomes. Serum phosphate (Pi) and FGF-23 levels have been linked with a higher risk of CV events in CKD. However, the exact thresholds of Pi and FGF-23, at which the risk of adverse events increases, remain unknown. We evaluated the expression of intact FGF-23 (iFGF-23) and Pi in a non-dialysis CKD patient population (n=82; 42M:40F; median age 61 years) and investigated their association with CV and renal outcomes, in a 5-year follow-up period. At baseline, the median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), iFGF-23, and Pi were 45 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQ 26.6-73.1), 69.9 µg/ml (IQ 33-117) and 3.4 mg/dL (IQ 3.3-3.9), respectively. Univariate analysis showed a strong association of both iFGF-23 and Pi with age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, hypertension, and diabetes. In addition, iFGF-23 and Pi were both associated with the composite outcome (major CV and cerebrovascular events – MACCEs, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality) during follow-up. Moreover, Pi was independently associated with all-cause mortality during follow-up. The segmentation of the population in terciles, according to Pi (<3mg/dL; 3-3.6 mg/dL; ≥3.7 mg/dL) within reference serum levels, showed a distribution of the fatality of 0%, 20% and 80% (p =0.034), respectively. Our results reinforce the association of both iFGF-23 and Pi with composite CV outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients and further suggest that Pi, within current reference levels, may behave as an independent risk factor for mortality in this population. It is suggested that a reassessment of Pi reference levels for early therapeutic intervention in this population may be justified.