bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mangroves and multiplications: Influence of genome duplications on salt tolerance
Authors: Thomas Shawn K. , An Hong , Pires J. Chris
Published: November 2022

Whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is an important force in plant diversification and novel environment adaptation. Various hypotheses have been proposed on the mechanism of how WGD influences this evolutionary process from chromosome recombination to genetic diversity (Qi et al., 2021). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Xu et al. (2022) conduct a comparative transcriptome study across species to investigate the effects of WGD on plant adaptation and the differentiation of paralogues within two distantly related mangrove species (Xu et al., 2021). They identify retained WGD‐derived duplicate pairs, assess their contributions to the salt tolerance phenotype, and propose a model for adaptation expansion in mangroves through the neofunctionalization of WGD‐derived duplicate genes. Their results show that neofunctionalized copies of known salt tolerance‐related genes show upregulated expression in fluctuating salinity (i.e., fresh and hypersaline) compared to the optimal medium salinity environment. This suggests that after WGD, retained duplicates increase genomic plasticity allowing for adaptation to new and unstable environments.
From bones to bytes: Do manipulable 3D models have added value in osteology education compared to static images?
Authors: Vandenbossche Vicky , Valcke Martin , Willaert Wouter , Audenaert Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

Background

Over the past few years, anatomy education has been revolutionized through digital media, resulting in innovative computer‐based 3D models to supplement or even replace traditional learning materials. However, the added value of these models in terms of learning performance remains unclear. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the inconclusive findings. This study focusses on the impact of active manipulation on learning performance and the influence that posttest design features may have on the outcome measurement.

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to one of two research conditions: studying on the base of a computer‐based manipulable pelvic bone model versus online static images of the same model. Pretests focused on students' baseline anatomy knowledge and spatial ability. Three knowledge posttests were administered: a test based on a physical pelvic bone model, and two computer‐based tests based on static images and a manipulable model. Mental effort was measured with the Paas mental effort rating scale.

Results

In the static images‐based posttest, significantly higher knowledge scores were attained by participants studying in the static images research condition (p = 0.043). No other significant knowledge‐related differences could be observed. In the manipulable model‐based posttest, spatial ability rather than the research condition seemed to have an influential role on the outcome scores (r = 0.18, p = 0.049). Mental effort scores reflected no difference between both research conditions.

Conclusion

The research results are counter‐intuitive, especially because no significant differences were found in the physical model‐based posttest in students who studied with the manipulable model. Explaining the results builds on differences in anatomical models requiring less or more active manipulation to process spatial information. The pelvic bone manipulable model, and by extension osteology models, might be insufficiently complex to provide added value compared with static images. Moreover, the posttest modality should be chosen with care since spatial ability rather than anatomy knowledge may be measured.
Reversion of a resistance‐breaking mutation shows reversion costs and high virus diversity at necrotic local lesions
Authors: Moreno‐Pérez Manuel G. , Bera Sayanta , McLeish Michael , Fraile Aurora , García‐Arenal Fernando
Published: November 2022

An instance of host range evolution relevant to plant virus disease control is resistance breaking. Resistance breaking can be hindered by across‐host fitness trade‐offs generated by negative effects of resistance‐breaking mutations on the virus fitness in susceptible hosts. Different mutations in pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) coat protein result in the breaking in pepper plants of the resistance determined by the L3 resistance allele. Of these, mutation M138N is widespread in PMMoV populations, despite associated fitness penalties in within‐host multiplication and survival. The stability of mutation M138N was analysed by serial passaging in L3 resistant plants. Appearance on passaging of necrotic local lesions (NLL), indicating an effective L3 resistance, showed reversion to nonresistance‐breaking phenotypes was common. Most revertant genotypes had the mutation N138K, which affects the properties of the virus particle, introducing a penalty of reversion. Hence, the costs of reversion may determine the evolution of resistance‐breaking in addition to resistance‐breaking costs. The genetic diversity of the virus population in NLL was much higher than in systemically infected tissues, and included mutations reported to break L3 resistance other than M138N. Infectivity assays on pepper genotypes with different L alleles showed high phenotypic diversity in respect to L alleles in NLL, including phenotypes not reported in nature. Thus, high diversity at NLL may potentiate the appearance of genotypes that enable the colonization of new host genotypes or species. Collectively, the results of this study contribute to better understanding the evolutionary dynamics of resistance breaking and host‐range expansions.
Evaluation of a standardized approach using optimized and contiguous RF applications for electrical isolation of the superior vena cava
Authors: Hilfiker Gabriela , De Becker Benjamin , Haddad Milad El. , O'Neill Louisa , Gillis Kris , Wielandts Jean‐Yves , Tavernier René , De Waroux Jean‐Benoit Le Polain , Duytschaever Mattias , Knecht Sébastien
Published: November 2022

The superior vena cava (SVC) is well described as one of the most common non‐pulmonary vein (PV)—triggers for atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATA). In our study we evaluated a standardized approach for electrical isolation of the SVC from the right atrium using a horseshoe‐shaped lesion set with optimized and contiguous ostial RF lesions. The results are promising, demonstrating a very high rate of acute SVC isolation in a safe and time efficient manner (mostly less than 10 min).
Plant nitrogen availability and crosstalk with phytohormones signallings and their biotechnology breeding application in crops
Authors: Xing Jiapeng , Cao Xiaocong , Zhang Mingcai , Wei Xun , Zhang Juan , Wan Xiangyuan
Published: November 2022

Nitrogen (N), one of the most important nutrients, limits plant growth and crop yields in sustainable agriculture system, in which phytohormones are known to play essential roles in N availability. Hence, it is not surprising that massive studies about the crosstalk between N and phytohormones have been constantly emerging. In this review, with the intellectual landscape of N and phytohormones crosstalk provided by the bibliometric analysis, we trace the research story of best‐known crosstalk between N and various phytohormones over the last 20 years. Then, we discuss how N regulates various phytohormones biosynthesis and transport in plants. In reverse, we also summarize how phytohormones signallings modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to N availability. Besides, we expand to outline how phytohormones signallings regulate uptake, transport, and assimilation of N in plants. Further, we conclude advanced biotechnology strategies, explain their application, and provide potential phytohormones‐regulated N use efficiency (NUE) targets in crops. Collectively, this review provides not only a better understanding on the recent progress of crosstalk between N and phytohormones, but also targeted strategies for improvement of NUE to increase crop yields in future biotechnology breeding of crops.
YY1 (Yin‐Yang 1), a transcription factor regulating systemic inflammation, is involved in cognitive impairment of depression
Authors: Lu Jing , Jin Kangyu , Jiao Jianping , Liu Ripeng , Mou Tingting , Chen Bing , Zhang Zhihan , Jiang Chaonan , Zhao Haoyang , Wang Zheng , Zhou Rui , Huang Manli
Published: November 2022

Aim

Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that alterations in the peripheral and brain immune system are associated with the pathophysiology of depression, also leading to changes in local glucose metabolism in the brain. Here, the authors identified Yin‐Yang 1 (YY1), a transcription factor closely associated with central and peripheral inflammation.

Methods

Plasma levels of YY1, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL‐1β in major depressive disorder (MDD) were collected before and after treatment with vortioxetine, and correlation with clinical and cognitive scores was studied. Chronic unpredictable mild stress was treated with vortioxetine. Micropositron emission tomography (microPET) was used to analyze glucose metabolism and mRNA, and the protein level of the YY1–nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB)–IL‐1β inflammatory pathway were measured in related brain regions.

Results

Plasma levels of YY1 and IL‐1β were significantly increased in MDD and decreased after treatment with vortioxetine. Meanwhile, the level of YY1 in plasma was negatively correlated with cognitive functions in patients with MDD and positively correlated with the level of IL‐1β in plasma. Compared with the control group, in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats, (microPET) analysis showed that the decrease of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex was reversed after treatment. mRNA and protein level of related molecular in YY1–NF‐κB–IL‐1β inflammatory pathway decreased in the hippocampus and was reversed by vortioxetine.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that the YY1–NF‐κB–IL‐1β inflammatory pathway may play an essential role in both mood changes and cognitive impairment in depression, and may be associated with changes in glucose metabolism in emotion regulation and cognition. These findings provide new evidence for the inflammatory mechanisms of depression.
Exploring the underlying mechanisms of drug‐induced impulse control disorders: a pharmacovigilance‐pharmacodynamic study
Authors: Fusaroli Michele , Giunchi Valentina , Battini Vera , Gringeri Michele , Rimondini Roberto , Menchetti Marco , Radice Sonia , Pozzi Marco , Nobile Maria , Clementi Emilio , De Ponti Fabrizio , Carnovale Carla , Raschi Emanuel , Poluzzi Elisabetta
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Impulse control disorders (e.g. pathological gambling, hypersexuality) may develop as adverse reactions to drugs. Pathogenetic hypotheses have mainly focused on D3‐receptor agonism, and switching to alternatives with different pharmacologic mechanisms represents a common management strategy. Nonetheless, treatment failure is common and gaining pathophysiological insights is needed.

Aim

We aimed to identify targets potentially contributing to pathologic impulsivity.

Method

We performed a pharmacovigilance‐pharmacodynamic study on dopamine agonists and antipsychotics using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (January 2004–December 2021). We estimated disproportionate reporting using the Bayesian information component. Using online public databases (IUPHAR, ChEMBL, PDSP, DrugBank), we calculated drug occupancies. To identify the targets potentially contributing to impulsivity, we fitted univariate regression models interpolating information components and occupancies within dopamine agonists and antipsychotics. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check for the robustness of the results.

Results

Among 19 887 reports of impulsivity, 5898 recorded an antipsychotic, and 3100 a dopamine agonist. The more robust signals concerned aripiprazole (N = 3091; median information component [95% confidence interval] = 4.51[4.45–4.55]) and brexpiprazole (229; 4.00[3.78–4.16]) for antipsychotics, pergolide (105; 5.82[5.50–6.06]) and pramipexole (2009; 5.43[5.36–5.48]) for dopamine agonists. Robust, significant positive associations between drug occupancy and impulsivity reporting were found for D3 within dopamine agonists (beta = 1.52; P‐value = 0.047) and 5‐HT1a within antipsychotics (1.92, 0.029).

Conclusion

Our results supported the role of D3‐receptor agonism in inducing impulsivity in dopamine receptor agonists and identified a potential role of 5‐HT1a receptor agonism in antipsychotics. Investigating these receptors may drive towards a better management of drug‐induced impulsivity.
Liver transplantation for hilar inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Costa Carolina Magalhães , Neto João Seda , Benavidez Marcel R. , Vincenzi Rodrigo , Roda Karina , Oliveira Caio Márcio V. , Travassos Nathália Porto R. , de Lima Luiz Guilherme C. A. , Pereira Fabio Payão , Fonseca Eduardo A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) of the liver are rare neoplasms. These tumors are difficult to distinguish from other neoplasms by radiological examination, have uncertain evolution, and there is no consensus on the treatment of these lesions. Hilar tumors can involve the portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct, and spread to the branches of the portal triad, causing obstructive symptoms, occlusive phlebitis, and portal hypertension. Thus, liver transplantation (LT) is an excellent alternative for locally advanced hilar tumors, since it ensures complete tumor resection with free margins.

Methods/Results

We present a literature review and a case report showing a 3‐year‐old boy with liver IMT invading the hepatic hilum and inferior vena cava, who underwent a successful living donor liver transplantation that required portal vein and vena cava replacement.

Conclusion

The incidence of hilar IMTs is low and there is no well‐established standard treatment. Liver transplantation for a hilar tumor with vascular invasion was acceptable in this case because the radically of the surgery was the key for the cure, and because the tumor was benign in nature.
Efficient Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Sulfonated Dihydropyrimidinthione Derivatives for the Treatment of UV‐B‐Induced Corneal Damage
Authors: Du Enming , Jiang Yueping , Qin Fangyuan , Wang Yange , He Siyu , Wang Gang , Song Zongming , Zhang Junjie , Tao Ye
Published: November 2022

UV‐B‐induced corneal damage remains a challenge in clinics, and it is needed to develop novel and effective medicines against UV‐B induced photodamage. 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thione derivatives have shown many interesting biological activities, including antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. In order to find a promising anticorneal photodamage agent, we designed and synthesized two novel sulfonated dihydropyrimidinthione derivatives to evaluate cytoprotective effect against UV‐B‐mediated photodamage. With simple structure, compound 6 possessed good water solubility, photostability and biocompatibility. We demonstrated that 6 exhibited significant cytoprotective effects against UV‐B‐mediated photodamage and the cell viability was up to 93% at 0.2 mg mL−1. The corneal cells were highly sensitive to UV‐B radiation, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators and DNA damage, which were significantly reversed by 6. Moreover, compound 6 reduced Bax and cleaved Caspase‐3 expressions to suppress UV‐B mediated the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Our findings suggest that 6 is a promising UV‐B resistant agent with potential to be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of corneal photodamage.
A nonparametric approach for setting safety stock levels
Authors: Saldanha John P. , Price Bradley S. , Thomas Douglas J.
Published: November 2022

In practice, lead time demand (LTD) can be skewed, multi‐modal or highly variable, and these factors compromise the validity of typical approaches used for setting safety stock levels. Motivated by encountering this problem at our industry partner, we develop an approach for setting safety stock levels using the bootstrap, a widely used statistical procedure. Existing bootstrap approaches for inventory management either operate directly on observed LTD or assume deterministic lead times, permitting direct application of the bootstrap approach for univariate quantile estimation. As LTD is a convolution of multiple random demands over a random lead time, a multivariate bootstrap approach is required. As we demonstrate, when lead times are stochastic, our multivariate approach provides improved safety stock estimates. We develop a multivariate central limit theorem for the bootstrap mean and bootstrap quantile—components of the safety stock calculation—highlighting why the generalization of these bootstrap methods is critical for inventory management. These results provide a theoretical underpinning for the bootstrap estimator of safety stock and permit the construction of confidence intervals for safety stock estimates, allowing decision makers to understand the reliability with which the desired service level will be achieved. Building on our theoretical results, and supported by numerical experiments, we provide insights on the behavior of the bootstrap for various LTD distributions, which our results demonstrate are critical when employing the bootstrap method. Implementation of our approach with our industry partner resulted in an inventory investment reduction of $1.17 million combined with an overall increase in service level. Our approach is general and can be implemented without modification in other settings.
Primarily neutral effects of river restoration on macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and fishes after a decade of monitoring
Authors: Sinclair James S. , Mademann Jane A. , Haubrock Phillip J. , Haase Peter
Published: December 2022

Restoring river habitat heterogeneity is expensive and time consuming, yet often has little effect on aquatic biota. Such poor restoration outcomes could be partly caused by the predominance of short‐term studies, which do not account for natural temporal fluctuations nor changes in the effects of restoration through time. Consequently, research that examines the longer‐term dynamics of river restoration is crucial for providing a temporal perspective of restoration outcomes and for informing the effectiveness of restoration methods. We used the Nidda River in Germany as a case study of the temporal effects of river hydromorphological restoration on different aquatic taxa. We surveyed macroinvertebrate, macrophyte, and fish communities across three sites prerestoration (2008) and then monitored changes in one control versus two restored sites across 10 years (2010–2019). Overall, we found few effects of restoration on the macroinvertebrate and macrophyte communities, with no effects whatsoever on fishes. Restoration improved some components of the macroinvertebrate and macrophyte communities; however, these positive effects were temporally inconsistent and did not translate to improvements in river ecosystem health (based on an index of ecological quality). Our findings illustrate how allowing for more time for community development will not necessarily alter the fact that local‐scale river habitat restoration can elicit little to no change in aquatic communities. Combining local‐ with broad‐scale restoration efforts that address the primary drivers of hydroecological decline, in addition to long‐term monitoring, may therefore be required to ensure that river restorations successfully meet their ecological goals.
Clarifying the association of social anxiety with cognitive variables: The role of self‐esteem, self‐perception, fears of positive and negative evaluation, and post‐event processing
Authors: Gök B. Göktürk , Yalçınkaya‐Alkar Özden
Published: November 2022

Theoretical models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) have identified several cognitive factors (fear of negative evaluation [FNE], self‐perception, self‐esteem, and post‐event processing [PEP]) that play a role in the maintenance of the disorder. The current study aimed at testing both the cognitive factors addressed in these different models and the fear of positive evaluation (FPE) in the same construct. A non‐clinical emerging adulthood sample (N = 325) were subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the SEM showed that FPE, FNE, and self‐concepts (self‐esteem and self‐perception) were significantly associated with social anxiety. Effect sizes indicated that the variables that most affected social anxiety were FPE, self‐perception, FNE, and self‐esteem, respectively. However, although it was significant in the conceptual model, the direct effect of social anxiety on PEP was not significant in the full model. On the other hand, the present findings add further support to the roles of negative self‐perception and low self‐esteem in social anxiety. Moreover, FPE may not be just delayed/postponed FNE. Considering the effect size of FPE on social anxiety, targeting it when appropriate in treatment may reduce the severity of social anxiety.
Thermal variation across collisional orogens: Insights from the hinterland–foreland transition zone of the Sardinian Variscan belt
Authors: Petroccia Alessandro , Carosi Rodolfo , Montomoli Chiara , Iaccarino Salvatore , Vitale Brovarone Alberto
Published: November 2022

Unravelling the architecture and evolution of orogenic wedges are often hampered by the presence of strongly deformed large‐scale nappes made by homogeneous metasedimentary rocks lacking diagnostic metamorphic phases. Involving nappes or tectonic units which occupy most of the chain, reconstructing the thermal architecture of the hinterland–foreland transition zone of collisional belts represents a key point to comprehend the orogenic wedge tectonics. This work provides new thermal data from Raman Spectroscopy on Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) carried out in the low‐grade metamorphic rocks of the hinterland–foreland transition zone in the Variscan belt of Sardinia. The obtained TRSCM highlighted a temperature difference, from ~470–440°C down to ~440–380°C, for the internal and external nappes, respectively. We propose that both nappes experienced syn‐nappe greenschist‐facies metamorphism with different TRSCM, further heating localized along the tectonic boundary in between, that is the Barbagia Thrust (BT), and finally, post‐nappe stacking regional‐scale folding, that deformed the TRSCM spatial distribution and drove the present‐day thermal architecture.
GTP‐stimulated membrane fission by the N‐BAR protein AMPH‐1
Authors: Kustigian Lauren , Gong Xue , Gai Wei , Thongchol Jirapat , Zhang Junjie , Puchalla Jason , Carr Chavela M. , Rye Hays S.
Published: November 2022

Membrane‐enclosed transport carriers sort biological molecules between stations in the cell in a dynamic process that is fundamental to the physiology of eukaryotic organisms. While much is known about the formation and release of carriers from specific intracellular membranes, the mechanism of carrier formation from the recycling endosome, a compartment central to cellular signaling, remains to be resolved. In Caenorhabditis elegans, formation of transport carriers from the recycling endosome requires the dynamin‐like, Eps15‐homology domain (EHD) protein, RME‐1, functioning with the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (N‐BAR) domain protein, AMPH‐1. Here we show, using a free‐solution single‐particle technique known as burst analysis spectroscopy (BAS), that AMPH‐1 alone creates small, tubular‐vesicular products from large, unilamellar vesicles by membrane fission. Membrane fission requires the amphipathic H0 helix of AMPH‐1 and is slowed in the presence of RME‐1. Unexpectedly, AMPH‐1‐induced membrane fission is stimulated in the presence of GTP. Furthermore, the GTP‐stimulated membrane fission activity seen for AMPH‐1 is recapitulated by the heterodimeric N‐BAR amphiphysin protein from yeast, Rvs161/167p, strongly suggesting that GTP‐stimulated membrane fission is a general property of this important class of N‐BAR proteins.
The role of RBC antigen transgene integration sites on RBC biology in mice
Authors: Jash Arijita , Hay Ariel M. , Collins J. Baodan , Heo Jinho , Luckey Chance John , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Zimring James C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Transgenic mice expressing RBC specific antigens are widely used in mechanistic studies of RBC alloimmunization. Existing RBC donor strains have random transgene integration, potentially disrupting host elements that can confound biological interpretation.

Study Design and Methods

Integration site and genomic alterations were characterized by both targeted locus amplification and congenic backcrossing in the five most commonly used RBC alloantigen donor strains (KEL‐K2hi, KEL‐K2med, and KEL‐K2lo, and KEL‐K1). A targeted transgenic approach was developed to allow RBC specific transgene expression from a safe harbor locus (ROSA26). Alloimmune responses were assessed by transfusing alloantigen expressing RBCs into wild‐type recipients and measuring alloantibodies by flow cytometry.

Results/Findings

Four of the five analyzed strains had at least one gene disrupted by the transgene integration but none of the disrupted genes are known to be involved in RBC biology. The integration of KEL‐K2med potentially altered the immunological properties of RBCs, although the biological significance of the observed changes is unclear. The ROSA26 targeted approach resulted in a single copy of the transgene that maintains RBC specific expression without random disruption of genomic elements.

Conclusion

These findings provide a detailed characterization of genomic disruption by transgene integration found in commonly used RBC donor strains that is relevant to numerous previous publications as well as future studies. With the possible exception of KEL‐K2med, transgene integration is not predicted to affect RBC biology in existing models, and new models can avoid this concern using the described targeted transgenic approach.
Management system of home transfusion in Japan: A nationwide survey in 2019
Authors: Tanaka Asashi , Fujita Hiroshi , Ohashi Kota , Tsujikawa Akihito , Uchiyama Kanami , Ito Tatsuya , Kawashima Koichiro , Kodama Reiko , Mine Takashi , Okuda Makoto , Endoh Teruo , Fukuyoshi Youko , Kitazawa Junichi , Sueoka Eisaburo , Nagai Kazuhiro , Ishida Akaru , Matsuzaki Koji , Kato Yoko , Takanashi Kazuo , Takahashi Koki
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

In Japan, there are various opinions on the pros and cons of home transfusion because of safety concerns. We hence aimed to elucidate the safety and availability of home transfusion in Japan, which has not been clarified to date.

Materials and Methods

Clinics throughout Japan that provide home care and have experience in performing blood transfusions were surveyed. The analysis period was February to December 2019. Basic information about the clinics, their collaboration system with core hospitals, storage method of red blood cells (RBCs) and the system for the management of patient information regarding transfusion reactions were investigated.

Results

Detailed information was obtained regarding the implementation of home transfusions by 51 clinics. The proportion of home care clinics performing home transfusions was 17.6%, and they were more frequently performed in urban regions. Approximately half of the clinics collaborated with a core hospital for emergency responses to transfusion reactions. At 84% of the clinics, RBC units were stored in refrigerators that were not exclusively allocated to blood storage. Nurses and family members were involved as patient attendants in 83% and 77% of the home transfusions, respectively. No serious transfusion reactions were reported among the 150 patients in 2019, nor the 623 patients up to 2018.

Conclusion

From data on its availability and safety, home transfusions are considered to be in the developing phase in Japan. Increased cooperation between hospitals and clinics is crucial towards improving the home transfusion system in Japan in the future.
Patient informed consent for a clinical trial of gene‐edited pig kidney transplantation: A representative consent form
Authors: Cooper David K. C.
Published: November 2022

When clinical trials of gene‐edited pig organ transplantation are initiated, the consent form that the patient is requested to sign will be an important document. Consent to receive a pig xenograft will have significant differences when compared with the requirements of most experimental clinical procedures. We here suggest a consent form for pig kidney transplantation that addresses the major points that will be required and hope it will provide a basis for discussion and future modification, if necessary. There is purposely some repetition in the document, but we believe this is necessary to ensure that the patient has a clear understanding of what he/she is consenting to.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of the Corporate Social Responsibility of the Indian Corporate Sectors
Authors: Das Santanu Kumar , Pandey Manas
Published: December 2022

India, has traditionally been involved in various corporate socially responsible (CSR) activities. This paper presents an empirical analysis of CSR activities of some selected public and private organization in India. The key objective of this analysis is to review the companies' CSR investment in sustainability, disclosure, governance, and CSR stakeholders. The Hypotheses development explains the positive significant relationship between CSR and firm performance. Then the methodology section explains sample selection and data source. Using these data, the CSR practices in selected public and private companies are evaluated based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines, and a comparative study of the impact of CSR practices on companies' profitability is conducted. The study also focuses on how CSR influences these companies' gross margins, as well as the correlation between environmental concerns and return on investment. The result of this study are appropriate for India's present scenario demonstrating that all companies are conducting CSR operations, but there is a substantial difference in the CSR disclosure practices of the selected firms. The private companies in India invests more in CSR but spend less on the environmental aspects whereas the public companies invest less in CSR but almost spend their entire CSR expenditure on the social and environmental aspects.
An Analytical Stress–Deflection Model for Fixed-Clamped Flexures Using a Pseudo-Rigid-Body Approach
Authors: Huxman Connor , Butler Jared
Published: December 2022

Fixed-clamped flexures are one common component of compliant mechanisms which remain difficult to design due to their unique force– and stress–deflection profiles. In this work, an analytical stress-deflection model for fixed-clamped flexures is proposed that utilizes a modified pseudo-rigid-body model. Proof-of-concept mechanical testing and finite element analysis demonstrate that the model can predict forces and stresses within 3.5% for a range of steel flexure topologies. Special analysis is carried out on the characteristic radius factor, a parameter to which model accuracy is particularly sensitive. For slender flexures or large deflection scenarios, a dynamic characteristic radius factor is required to capture the resulting nonlinear axial strain. By evaluating the effects of loading, geometry, and material properties, an analytical equation that can predict an optimal value is proposed. When integrated into our model, this equation for an appropriate characteristic radius factor can predict the optimal parameter value within 0.45 ± 0.47%, resulting in average model error of 3.45 ± 2.09% across a large range of flexure thicknesses and deflections. The distinct combination of axial and bending stresses experienced in fixed-clamped flexures has made mechanisms that use these members challenging to design. This work provides a model that designers, engineers, and researchers can draw from to understand stress profiles present in these flexible members.
Following Insufficiently Active Adolescents: What Predicts Whether They Meet Adult Activity Guidelines When They Grow Up?
Authors: Espinoza Sarah M. , Eisenberg Marla E. , Levine Alina , Borowsky Iris W. , Barr-Anderson Daheia J. , Wall Melanie M. , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Published: December 2022

Background: We investigated the percentage of insufficiently active adolescents who became young adults meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. We also explored adolescent psychosocial and environmental factors that predicted MVPA guideline adherence in young adulthood. Methods: Participants included N = 1001 adolescents (mean age = 14.1 y) reporting < 7 hours per week of MVPA and followed (8 y later) into young adulthood through Project EAT. We examined mean weekly hours of MVPA, MVPA change between adolescence and young adulthood, and the proportion of participants meeting MVPA guidelines in young adulthood. With sex-stratified logistic regression, we tested 11 adolescent psychosocial and environmental factors predicting meeting MVPA guidelines in young adulthood. Results: Overall, 55% of insufficiently active adolescents became young adults meeting MVPA guidelines. On average, participants reported 3.0 hours per week of MVPA, which improved to 3.8 hours per week in young adulthood. Among female participants, higher MVPA in adolescence and stronger feelings of exercise compulsion predicted greater odds of meeting adult MVPA guidelines (odds ratioMVPA = 1.18; odds ratiocompulsion = 1.13). Among female and male participants, perceived friend support for activity in adolescence predicted greater odds of meeting adult MVPA guidelines (odds ratiofemale = 1.12; odds ratiomale = 1.26). Conclusions: Insufficiently active adolescents can later meet adult guidelines. Interventions that increase perceived friend support for activity may benefit individuals across development.
Exploring the Relationship Between Mental Toughness and Self-Compassion in the Context of Sport Injury
Authors: Johnson Karissa L. , Cormier Danielle L. , Kowalski Kent C. , Mosewich Amber D.
Published: December 2022

Helping athletes cope effectively with injury is likely of great interest to many sport stakeholders. Mental toughness is one psychological factor positively associated with resilience and sport performance, though stubborn persistence through injury might not always be conducive to adaptive athlete outcomes. Self-compassion—a balanced, nonjudgmental approach in relating to oneself when experiencing suffering—might help circumvent these pitfalls and complement injury recovery. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between mental toughness and self-compassion in a sport injury context. This study consisted of 2 phases—phase I quantitatively assessed the relationships between mental toughness, self-compassion, and other psychological constructs, while phase II used qualitative interviews to corroborate and inform these findings. In phase I, competitive athletes who were injured at the time of data collection (n = 81) completed mental toughness, self-compassion, coping resources, self-esteem, and self-criticism questionnaires. Self-compassion was positively correlated with mental toughness (r = .48, P < .01), coping resources (r = .54, P < .05), and self-esteem (r = .60, P < .01). Self-compassion and self-criticism were negatively correlated with each other (r = –.52, P < .01). Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that self-compassion was a significant predictor of mental toughness (ΔR2 = .07, P < .01), coping resources (ΔR2 = .10, P < .01), and self-criticism (ΔR2 = .06, P < .01), beyond the effects of self-esteem. Four injured athletes who scored above the median on mental toughness and self-compassion measures were interviewed in phase II. Thematic analysis generated 2 themes: (1) self-compassion grants access to wise mental toughness and (2) mental toughness helps activate self-compassionate actions during injury. These findings are consistent with recent research and suggest that both mental toughness and self-compassion can work together to help athletes cope with sport injury.
Getting tougher in the ultracold
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Zhe-Feng
Published: December 2022

Certain alloys show exceptional toughness in a liquid helium environment
Indictment of monkey importers could disrupt U.S. research
Authors: Grimm David
Published: December 2022

Alleged Cambodian smuggling ring poses dangers to wild macaques and the drug studies they’re used in
Proteomic Comparison of Three Wild-Type Pseudorabies Virus Strains and the Attenuated Bartha Strain Reveals Reduced Incorporation of Several Tegument Proteins in Bartha Virions
Authors: Delva Jonas L. , Daled Simon , Van Waesberghe Cliff , Almey Ruben , Jansens Robert J. J. , Deforce Dieter , Dhaenens Maarten , Favoreel Herman W.
Published: December 2022

The pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine strain Bartha—an attenuated strain created by serial passaging—represents an exceptional success story in alphaherpesvirus vaccination. Here, we used mass spectrometry to analyze the Bartha virion composition in comparison to three established WT PRV strains.
Different Characteristics in Gut Microbiome between Advanced Adenoma Patients and Colorectal Cancer Patients by Metagenomic Analysis
Authors: Han Shuwen , Zhuang Jing , Pan Yuefen , Wu Wei , Ding Kefeng
Published: December 2022

There are differences in characteristic microorganisms between AA and CRC. However, current studies have indicated that bacteriological analysis cannot identify CC from AA, and thus, we wondered if there were some other targets that could be used to identify CRC from AA in the gut microbiome.
Suppression of Streptococcosis and Modulation of the Gut Bacteriome in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by the Marine Sediment Bacteria Bacillus haynesii and Advenella mimigardefordensis
Authors: Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Paul Sulav Indra , Rahman Ashikur , Haque Md Shameul , Ador Md Ali Arman , Foysal Md Javed , Islam Md Tofazzal , Rahman Md Mahbubur
Published: December 2022

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most economically important cultured fish species throughout the world. Streptococcosis is a significant threat to global Nile tilapia farming.Enterococcus faecalishas recently emerged as an important pathogen of streptococcosis in Asia and Africa.
Supplemental Material: Tectonics, geochronology, and petrology of the Walker Top Granite, Appalachian Inner Piedmont, North Carolina: Implications for acadian and neoacadian orogenesis
Authors: Merschat A.J.
Published: November 2022

Whole-rock major- and trace-element geochemical data from the Walker Top Granite and other megacrystic granites from the Inner Piedmont. 
Erratum to: Several Articles in JETP Letters
Authors: Arkhipov M. V. , Tsypkin A. N. , Zhukova M. O. , Ismagilov A. O. , Pakhomov A. V. , Rosanov N. N. , Arkhipov R. M. , Chekeres O. , Losev A. S. , Mnev P. , Youmans D. R. , Chernyshov A. A. , Chugunin D. V. , Mogilevsky M. M. , Inogamov N. A. , Zhakhovsky V. V. , Khokhlov V. A. , Khachaturova T. A. , But’ko V. G. , Gusev A. A. , Vasil’ev P. P.
Published: November 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S002136402234001X
Erratum to: Several Articles in JETP Letters
Authors: Godunov S. I. , Karkaryan E. K. , Novikov V. A. , Rozanov A. N. , Vysotsky M. I. , Zhemchugov E. V. , Inogamov N. A. , Perov E. A. , Zhakhovsky V. V. , Shepelev V. V. , Petrov Yu. V. , Fortova S. V. , Tarasenko S. V. , Shavrov V. G. , Valeev B. Yu. , Toksumakov A. N. , Kvashnin D. G. , Chernozatonskii L. A. , Makarov A. S. , Kretova M. A. , Afonin G. V. , Qiao J. C. , Glezer A. M. , Kobelev N. P. , Khonik V. A. , Klumov B. A. , Magadeev E. B. , Vakhitov R. M.
Published: November 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364022340021
Erratum to: Several Articles in JETP Letters
Authors: Prekul A. F. , Shchegolikhina N. I. , Belosludov V. R. , Gets K. V. , Zhdanov R. K. , Bozhko Yu. Yu. , Belosludov R. V. , Chen L.-J. , Khoroshilov A. L. , Bogach A. V. , Demishev S. V. , Krasikov K. M. , Polovets S. E. , Shitsevalova N. Yu. , Filipov V. B. , Sluchanko N. E. , Shilkin D. A. , Fedyanin A. A. , Zabolotnykh A. A. , Volkov V. A. , Ivanov A. V. , Zipunova E. V. , Khilkov S. A. , Chernozatonskii L. A. , Demin V. A.
Published: November 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364022340033
Origin of Structure Inversion Asymmetry in Double HgTe Quantum Wells
Authors: Ikonnikov A. V. , Krishtopenko S. S. , Bovkun L. S. , Mikhailov N. N. , Dvoretskii S. A. , Piot B. A. , Potemski M. , Orlita M. , Teppe F. , Gavrilenko V. I.
Published: November 2022

The density dependences of the splitting values of the dominant magneto-absorption lines in undoped p-type double HgTe/CdHgTe quantum wells are studied. An analysis of the splitting values of the magneto-absorption lines on the basis of self-consistent calculations of the band structure has made it possible to clarify the origin of structure inversion asymmetry in double HgTe/CdHgTe quantum wells and to determine the contributions caused by the built-in electric field, the difference between the thicknesses of the quantum wells, and the order of their arrangement in the structure. The discrepancy between the experimental energy splitting of the zero-mode Landau levels, extracted from the analysis of two types of lines, indicates the influence of many-particle effects on the transition energies between Landau levels.
Electronic and Spin Structure of Topological Surface States in MnBi4Te7 and MnBi6Te10 and Their Modification by an Applied Electric Field
Authors: Shikin A. M. , Zaitsev N. L. , Tarasov A. V. , Makarova T. P. , Glazkova D. A. , Estyunin D. A. , Klimovskikh I. I.
Published: November 2022

The electronic and spin structure of topological surface states in antiferromagnetic topological insulators MnBi4Te7 and MnBi6Te10 consisting of a sequence of magnetic MnBi2Te4 septuple layers separated by nonmagnetic Bi2Te3 quintuple layers has been calculated within the density functional theory. Features characteristic of systems with different terminations of the surface (both septuple and quintuple layers) have been analyzed and theoretical calculations have been compared with the measured dispersions of electronic states. It has been shown that a band gap of about 35–45 meV, as in MnBi2Te4, opens at the Dirac point in the structure of topological surface states in the case of the surface terminated by a magnetic septuple layer. In the case of the surface terminated by a nonmagnetic quintuple layer, the structure of topological surface states is closer to the form characteristic of Bi2Te3 with different energy shifts of the Dirac point and the formation of hybridized band gaps caused by the interaction with the lower-lying septuple layer. The performed calculations demonstrate that the band gap at the Dirac point can be changed by varying the distance between layers on the surface without a noticeable change in the electronic structure. The application of an electric field perpendicular to the surface changes the electronic and spin structure of topological surface states and can modulate the band gap at the Dirac point depending on the magnitude and direction of the applied field, which can be used in applications.
Magnetic Properties of FeBO3 in the Low-Spin State
Authors: Knyazev Yu. V. , Kazak N. V. , Gavrichkov V. A. , Polukeev S. I. , Ovchinnikov S. G.
Published: November 2022

Changes in the magnetic properties of FeBO3 single crystals in the course of spin crossover occurring with increasing pressure up to 63 GPa are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Simultaneous measurements of the nuclear diffraction and nuclear forward scattering spectra make it possible to detect the antiferromagnetic high-spin state at low pressures up to 48 GPa and to reveal the antiferromagnetic state within the range characterized by the coexistence of Fe3+ ions in the high-spin and low-spin states, which occurs at pressures from 48 to 54 GPa, where the hysteresis takes place. Above 58 GPa, only the low-spin state is observed, whereas the magnetic order is absent down to 9 K. An analysis of changes in the exchange interactions manifesting themselves at spin crossover suggests that there exist competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic contributions nearly compensating each other. A possible Néel temperature in the low-spin state does not exceed 7 K; thus, an ordered state cannot be observed in our experiments.
Determination of Steroid Hormones in Human Saliva by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Dmitrieva E. V. , Temerdashev A. Z.
Published: November 2022

A method is developed for the simultaneous determination of steroid hormones of various classes (androgens, progestins, and glucocorticoids) in human saliva using liquid–liquid extraction and detection by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. It was found that the most suitable solvent for the extraction of the target analytes is methyl tert-butyl ether. The volume of the extractant and other factors affecting the extraction of analytes from the analyzed matrix were optimized using multivariate analysis (Box−Behnken design). Under optimal conditions, the recoveries of analytes are more than 90%, and the limits of detection are in the range of 50–250 pg/mL, which indicates the high sensitivity of the proposed procedure.
Estimating the Potential of the Electronic Nose System for Monitoring Disturbances in the Functional Obesity of Children in a Hospital: Noninvasive Diagnosis without Biosampling
Authors: Kuchmenko T. A. , Dorovskaya E. S. , Menzhulina D. A. , Chubarov T. V.
Published: November 2022

A portable “diagnostic electronic nose” was used to study the composition of a mixture of volatile compounds emitted by the skin of the forearms in children with obesity and other associated metabolic disorders. Differences and features of the profiles of volatile compounds (primarily organic) of the skin on the left and right forearms in children with obesity and the dependence of the profile on food intake, drugs, concomitant diseases, and body characteristics were evaluated in hospital environment. More than 300 patient profiles were analyzed for 2 years, including the dynamics in profiles during repeated planned hospitalizations. The results suggest that the composition of the gas mixture of compounds emitted by the skin on the forearms can be analyzed and compared without preliminary separation or selection using an array of eight piezoelectric sensors of the “diagnostic electronic nose” device. We measured a correlation between the electronic nose data and the results of standard clinical laboratory tests. The parameters of a sensor array and clinical studies are closely related to each other in the levels of urea, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose. An approach based on scanning a volatile skin profile on the forearm for 3–6 min helps to rank children with obesity into groups associated with the socially significant diseases and conditions: “Normal,” “Obesity with a risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus,” and “Type 1 diabetes mellitus.” Using chemometric methods, we optimized the analytical procedure and specified research conditions and control points. The composition of the volatile skin metabolome on the right forearm, scanned on an empty stomach, is the most informative. The accuracy of the difference between the problem groups and the norm is 100%; the accuracy of the rank within pathological groups is 80%. The proportion of false assignments increases in the presence of inflammation in a body of any type. The potentials of the procedure were evaluated in a hospital environment.