bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Geographical Information Systems Framework to Characterize Photovoltaic Deployment in the UK: Initial Evidence
Authors: Westacott Paul , Candelise Chiara
Published: January 2016

Globally, deployment of grid-connected photovoltaics (PV) has increased dramatically in recent years. The UK has seen rapid uptake reaching over 500,000 installations totalling 2.8 GWp by 2013. PV can be installed in different market segments (domestic rooftop, non-domestic rooftop and ground-mounted “solar-farms”) covering a broad range of system sizes in a high number of locations. It is important to gain detailed understanding of what grid-connected PV deployment looks like (e.g., how it deployed across different geographic areas and market segments), and identify the major drivers behind it. This paper answers these questions by developing a novel geographical information systems (GIS)-framework—the United Kingdom Photovoltaics Database (UKPVD)—to analyze temporal and spatial PV deployment trends at high resolution across all market segments. Results show how PV deployment changed over time with the evolution of governmental PV policy support. Then spatial trends as function of local irradiation, rurality (as a proxy of building and population density) and building footprint (as a proxy for roof-area) are analyzed. We find in all market segments, PV deployment is strongly correlated with the level of policy support. Furthermore, all markets show a preference to deploy in rural areas and those with higher irradiation. Finally, local clustering of PV in all market segments was observed, revealing that PV is not spread evenly across areas. This work reveals the complex nature of PV deployment, both spatially and by market segment, reinforcing the need capture this through mapping.
Influences of Land Use Change on Baseflow in Mountainous Watersheds
Authors: Huang Xu-Dong , Shi Zhi-Hua , Fang Nu-Fang , Li Xuan
Published: January 2016

It is crucial for effective water resource management in a watershed that the relationship between land use changes and baseflow. This study quantifies the influence of land use changes on the baseflow dynamics using a hydrological model and partial least-squares (PLS) regression in the Upper Du Watershed (8961 km2), China. Our study suggests that forest can be a major factor with a negative impact on the baseflow. Additionally, farmland and urban land have second-order negative effects on the baseflow dynamics. Baseflow increases when forest is replaced by farmland because the evapotranspiration (ET), associated with baseflow recession, is weaker and shorter in duration in the farmland than in the forest. The conversion of forest to urban land increases baseflow owing to the presence of non-contributing impervious surfaces in urban areas, which prevents the urban land from intercepting the baseflow discharge. These results indicate that the baseflow dynamics are closely associated with varying land use types within a watershed. Thus, this study is intended to provide a deeper understanding of the baseflow processes and useful quantitative information on land use factors in watersheds, enabling more informed decision-making in forest and watershed management.
Addition of Vital Wheat Gluten to Enhance the Quality Characteristics of Frozen Dough Products
Authors: Giannou Virginia , Tzia Constantina
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to enhance the quality and sensory characteristics of bread made from frozen dough. Both white and whole-wheat flour were used. In order to improve dough strength and stability during frozen storage, samples were supplemented with vital wheat gluten at the levels of 2%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of flour weight. The characteristics of baked samples were determined through weight loss, specific volume, crust, and crumb color, texture, and sensory evaluation. Dough behavior at sub-zero temperatures was further examined for control samples and samples with 6% gluten using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), while their low molecular sugar content (fructose, glucose, sucrose) was measured using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), as it can be associated with yeast viability and dough freezing point depression. The most stable samples were those with 4% and 6% gluten (for white flour) and those with 4% and 5% gluten (for whole-wheat flour). Gluten addition raised the freezing point of dough samples and preserved low molecular sugar generation after prolonged storage.
Investigation of the Stellar Population of Several Polar Ring Galaxies
Authors: Shalyapina Liliya , Karataeva Gulnara , Merkulova Olga , Yakovleva Valeriya , Yablokova Nina
Published: January 2016

We present results of our investigation of two multi-spin galaxies which were taken from the catalog of polar ring galaxies. All of them possess nucleus-like knots. An analysis of gas and stars kinematics and study of the stellar population were carried out for these objects. A complex structure and peculiar kinematics of both components were revealed. The observed distribution of the stellar age and metallicity in central parts of galaxies (radius is about 8″) and along directions through their knots helps us to understand the merging processes and make conclusion of the knots’ nature in these objects.
Handling of Human-Geosphere Intersections
Authors: Bohle Martin
Published: January 2016

This essay introduces the notion of “human-geosphere intersections”, describes “engineering” as an aspect of anthropogenic global change, and reflects on particular “paradigms” that may govern human-geosphere intersections. Seen conceptually, engineering is undertaken to meet needs and preferences of people within a composite framework of technological means, scientific insights, worldviews, and value system. Nowadays, the engineering of production systems, of consumption patterns, and of related intersections of human activities with the biotic and abiotic environments is a central feature of the anthropogenic global change process. In the last centuries, the cultural evolution of humankind took a development path that now is furthering an engineered planetary process to intersect properties of the geo-biosphere with the noosphere (“human-geosphere intersections”). Four paradigms, ”adjustment”, “dovetailing”, “decoupling” and “modulating” are discussed, which may frame the engineering of human-geosphere intersections. These paradigms convene different insights into how bio-geosphere and noosphere function, how to alter human-geosphere intersections, and how engineering mediates between both spheres. Whatever paradigm is retained to engineer human-geosphere intersections, geoscience know-how has to be part of the noosphere, and geo-ethics should provide an orientation how human activities and geosphere should intersect.
Water-Food-Nutrition-Health Nexus: Linking Water to Improving Food, Nutrition and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Chibarabada Tendai , Modi Albert
Published: January 2016

Whereas sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) water scarcity, food, nutrition and health challenges are well-documented, efforts to address them have often been disconnected. Given that the region continues to be affected by poverty and food and nutrition insecurity at national and household levels, there is a need for a paradigm shift in order to effectively deliver on the twin challenges of food and nutrition security under conditions of water scarcity. There is a need to link water use in agriculture to achieve food and nutrition security outcomes for improved human health and well-being. Currently, there are no explicit linkages between water, agriculture, nutrition and health owing to uncoordinated efforts between agricultural and nutrition scientists. There is also a need to develop and promote the use of metrics that capture aspects of water, agriculture, food and nutrition. This review identified nutritional water productivity as a suitable index for measuring the impact of a water-food-nutrition-health nexus. Socio-economic factors are also considered as they influence food choices in rural communities. An argument for the need to utilise the region’s agrobiodiversity for addressing dietary quality and diversity was established. It is concluded that a model for improving nutrition and health of poor rural communities based on the water-food-nutrition-health nexus is possible.
Expanding the Chemistry of Actinide Metallocene Bromides. Synthesis, Properties and Molecular Structures of the Tetravalent and Trivalent Uranium Bromide Complexes: (C5Me4R)2UBr2, (C5Me4R)2U(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(Br), and [K(THF)][(C5Me4R)2UBr2] (R = Me, Et)
Authors: Lichtscheidl Alejandro , Pagano Justin , Scott Brian , Nelson Andrew , Kiplinger Jaqueline
Published: January 2016

The organometallic uranium species (C5Me4R)2UBr2 (R = Me, Et) were obtained by treating their chloride analogues (C5Me4R)2UCl2 (R = Me, Et) with Me3SiBr. Treatment of (C5Me4R)2UCl2 and (C5Me4R)2UBr2 (R = Me, Et) with K(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3) afforded the halide aryloxide mixed-ligand complexes (C5Me4R)2U(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(X) (R = Me, Et; X = Cl, Br). Complexes (C5Me4R)2U(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(Br) (R = Me, Et) can also be synthesized by treating (C5Me4R)2U(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(Cl) (R = Me, Et) with Me3SiBr, respectively. Reduction of (C5Me4R)2UCl2 and (C5Me4R)2UBr2 (R = Me, Et) with KC8 led to isolation of uranium(III) “ate” species [K(THF)][(C5Me5)2UX2] (X = Cl, Br) and [K(THF)0.5][(C5Me4Et)2UX2] (X = Cl, Br), which can be converted to the neutral complexes (C5Me4R)2U[N(SiMe3)2] (R = Me, Et). Analyses by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and elemental analysis are also presented.
Thermal Imaging of Electrochemical Power Systems: A Review
Authors: Robinson James , Shearing Paul , Brett Daniel
Published: January 2016

The performance and durability of electrochemical power systems are determined by a complex interdependency of many complex and interrelated factors, temperature and heat transfer being particularly important. This has led to an increasing interest in the use of thermal imaging to understand both the fundamental phenomena and effects of operation on the temperature distribution and dynamics in these systems. This review describes the application thermal imaging and related techniques to the study of electrochemical power systems with the primary focus on fuel cells and batteries. Potential opportunities and directions for future research are also highlighted, indicating the wide scope for further insights to be gleaned using infrared thermal imaging techniques.
Molecular Ecology of Hypersaline Microbial Mats: Current Insights and New Directions
Authors: Wong Hon , Ahmed-Cox Aria , Burns Brendan
Published: January 2016

Microbial mats are unique geobiological ecosystems that form as a result of complex communities of microorganisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. Both the microorganisms present and the network of metabolic interactions govern ecosystem function therein. These systems are often found in a range of extreme environments, and those found in elevated salinity have been particularly well studied. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe the molecular ecology of select model hypersaline mat systems (Guerrero Negro, Shark Bay, S’Avall, and Kiritimati Atoll), and any potentially modulating effects caused by salinity to community structure. In addition, we discuss several emerging issues in the field (linking function to newly discovered phyla and microbial dark matter), which illustrate the changing paradigm that is seen as technology has rapidly advanced in the study of these extreme and evolutionally significant ecosystems.
New Phragmalin-Type Limonoids from Chukrasia tabularis and Their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Peng Jun-Lin , Wang Jun , Kong Fan-Dong , Liu Zi-Qi , Wang Pei , Gai Cui-Juan , Jiang Bei , Mei Wen-Li , Dai Hao-Fu
Published: January 2016

Phytochemical investigation on the stems of C. tabularis led to the isolation of five new phragmalin-type limonoids and six known ones. The structures of the new compounds 1–5, named chukbularisins A–E, were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and comparisons with published data. All the compounds were evaluated for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.06 ± 0.008, 0.04 ± 0.002, 0.52 ± 0.039, 1.09 ± 0.040, and 0.20 ± 0.057 mM, respectively (using acarbose as positive control, IC50 0.95 ± 0.092 mM).
Effects of Dietary Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, ad Libitum Energy Intake at Lunch, and Neural Responses to Visual Food Stimuli in Overweight Adults
Authors: Sayer R. , Amankwaah Akua , Tamer Gregory , Chen Ningning , Wright Amy , Tregellas Jason , Cornier Marc-Andre , Kareken David , Talavage Thomas , McCrory Megan , Campbell Wayne
Published: January 2016

Increasing either protein or fiber at mealtimes has relatively modest effects on ingestive behavior. Whether protein and fiber have additive or interactive effects on ingestive behavior is not known. Fifteen overweight adults (5 female, 10 male; BMI: 27.1 ± 0.2 kg/m2; aged 26 ± 1 year) consumed four breakfast meals in a randomized crossover manner (normal protein (12 g) + normal fiber (2 g), normal protein (12 g) + high fiber (8 g), high protein (25 g) + normal fiber (2 g), high protein (25 g) + high fiber (8 g)). The amount of protein and fiber consumed at breakfast did not influence postprandial appetite or ad libitum energy intake at lunch. In the fasting-state, visual food stimuli elicited significant responses in the bilateral insula and amygdala and left orbitofrontal cortex. Contrary to our hypotheses, postprandial right insula responses were lower after consuming normal protein vs. high protein breakfasts. Postprandial responses in other a priori brain regions were not significantly influenced by protein or fiber intake at breakfast. In conclusion, these data do not support increasing dietary protein and fiber at breakfast as effective strategies for modulating neural reward processing and acute ingestive behavior in overweight adults.
Quercetin Attenuates Chronic Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Mitochondrial Damage through Enhanced Mitophagy
Authors: Yu Xiao , Xu Yanyan , Zhang Shanshan , Sun Jian , Liu Peiyi , Xiao Lin , Tang Yuhan , Liu Liegang , Yao Ping
Published: January 2016

Emerging evidence suggested mitophagy activation mitigates ethanol-induced liver injury. However, the effect of ethanol on mitophagy is inconsistent. Importantly, the understanding of mitophagy status after chronic ethanol consumption is limited. This study evaluated the effect of quercetin, a naturally-occurring flavonoid, on chronic ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage focused on mitophagy. An ethanol regime to mice for 15 weeks (accounting for 30% of total calories) led to significant mitochondrial damage as evidenced by changes of the mitochondrial ultrastructure, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and remodeling of membrane lipid composition, which was greatly attenuated by quercetin (100 mg/kg.bw). Moreover, quercetin blocked chronic ethanol-induced mitophagy suppression as denoted by mitophagosomes-lysosome fusion and mitophagy-related regulator elements, including LC3II, Parkin, p62 and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), paralleling with increased FoxO3a nuclear translocation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), instead of AKT and Sirtuin 1, were involved in quercetin-mediated mitophagy activation. Quercetin alleviated ethanol-elicited mitochondrial damage through enhancing mitophagy, highlighting a promising preventive strategy for alcoholic liver disease.
Vitamin D Dietary Intake Questionnaire Validation Conducted among Young Polish Women
Authors: Głąbska Dominika , Guzek Dominika , Sidor Patrycja , Włodarek Dariusz
Published: January 2016

Due to inadequate intake of Vitamin D, identification of individuals characterised by the highest risk of deficiencies is one of the more crucial tasks for public health. The aim of the presented study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of the designed Vitamin D dietary intake questionnaire based on food frequency assessment—VIDEO-FFQ (VItamin D Estimation Only—Food Frequency Questionnaire) in a group of Polish women aged 20–30 years. Seventy-five participants kept a three-day dietary record and filled out the VIDEO-FFQ twice (immediately after the three-day dietary record and after six weeks). The assessment of validity and reproducibility was conducted by verifying standard errors of estimation, median differences, and percentages of individuals classified into tertiles, correlations and Bland-Altman plots. The Vitamin D intake for the majority of the surveyed women was inadequate as over 85% of them were characterised by values of intake lower than 5.0 μg per day. The results allowed concluding that a high accuracy of the VIDEO-FFQ was achieved. The required Bland-Altman index values lower than 5.0% were obtained, confirming satisfactory validity and reproducibility. The VIDEO-FFQ may be deemed a convenient practical tool for the estimation of Vitamin D intake in young women.
Study of Enzymatically Treated Alginate/Chitosan Hydrosols in Sponges Formation Process
Authors: Zimoch-Korzycka Anna , Kulig Dominika , Jarmoluk Andrzej , Marycz Krzysztof , Matuszczak Weronika
Published: January 2016

The aim of the study was to produce 3D sponges based on enzymatically modified lysozyme selected polysaccharides and assess their physicochemical properties. The alginate/chitosan sponges were formed from polymers hydrosols in different proportions at a final concentration of 1% polysaccharides. Hydrosols were modified by lysozyme addition of 1000 U. Hydrosols without or with enzyme were analyzed for their reducing sugar content, rheological properties and ability to scavenge free radicals. Sponges formed from hydrosols were tested for solubility and compressive properties. Only chitosan was hydrolyzed by lysozyme. The morphology of sponges was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was proven that the antioxidant properties of hydrosols are dependent on the concentration of chitosan. It was also shown that the addition of lysozyme negatively affected the free radical scavenging ability of single hydrosols of alginate and chitosan, and their mixtures. The Ostwald de Waele as well as Herschel–Bulkley models of rheological properties fitted the experimental data well (R2 is between 0.947 and 1.000). Increase in textural features values of sponges was observed. Sponges with pure alginate and pure chitosan were almost completely soluble. The enzyme addition significantly changed the characteristics of the cross-section structure of sponges, and made the surface smoother.
The Catholic Bishops and the Rise of Evangelical Catholics
Authors: Miller Patricia
Published: January 2016

White Catholics are increasingly trending toward the Republican Party, both as voters and candidates. Many of these Republican-leaning Catholics are displaying a more outspoken, culture-war oriented form of Catholicism that has been dubbed Evangelical Catholicism. Through their forceful disciplining of pro-choice Catholics and treatment of abortion in their quadrennial voting guides, as well as their emphasis on “religious liberty”, the U.S. bishops have played a major role in the rise of these Evangelical Catholics.
Sensing Hinduism: Lucian-Indian Funeral “Feast” as Glocalized Ritual1
Authors: Manian Sabita , Bullock Brad
Published: January 2016

Migrant narratives of Indo-Caribbean religious practices in the smaller island states of the Caribbean are rare, and that Diaspora’s funerary traditions are even less explored. This scholarly lacuna is addressed here by using data from ethnographic research conducted in St. Lucia to examine the funerary ritual of a Lucian-Indian “feast” through the multidisciplinary lens of glocalization. Specifically, we investigate the following: (a) ways that the diasporic identity of Lucian-Indians has been adapted and re-configured within a local-global nexus; (b) the extent to which there has been a local construction of a distinct socio-spatial identity among Lucian-Indians, one retaining “Hinduness” even as they assimilated into the larger St. Lucian society; and (c) whether glocal characteristics can be identified in the performance of a particular funeral feast. Following Roudometof, we posit that many aspects of a Lucian-Indian ethno-religious funerary ritual demonstrate indigenized and transnational glocalization.
Cloud and Snow Discrimination for CCD Images of HJ-1A/B Constellation Based on Spectral Signature and Spatio-Temporal Context
Authors: Bian Jinhu , Li Ainong , Liu Qiannan , Huang Chengquan
Published: January 2016

It is highly desirable to accurately detect the clouds in satellite images before any kind of applications. However, clouds and snow discrimination in remote sensing images is a challenging task because of their similar spectral signature. The shortwave infrared (SWIR, e.g., Landsat TM 1.55–1.75 µm band) band is widely used for the separation of cloud and snow. However, for some sensors such as the CBERS-2 (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite), CBERS-4 and HJ-1A/B (HuanJing (HJ), which means environment in Chinese) that are designed without SWIR band, such methods are no longer practical. In this paper, a new practical method was proposed to discriminate clouds from snow through combining the spectral reflectance with the spatio-temporal contextual information. Taking the Mt. Gongga region, where there is frequent clouds and snow cover, in China as a case area, the detailed methodology was introduced on how to use the 181 scenes of HJ-1A/B CCD images in the year 2011 to discriminate clouds and snow in these images. Visual inspection revealed that clouds and snow pixels can be accurately separated by the proposed method. The pixel-level quantitative accuracy validation was conducted by comparing the detection results with the reference cloud masks generated by a random-tile validation scheme. The pixel-level validation results showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) between the reference cloud masks and the detection results was 0.95, and the average overall accuracy, precision and recall for clouds were 91.32%, 85.33% and 81.82%, respectively. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed method was effective at providing reasonable cloud mask for the SWIR-lacking HJ-1A/B CCD images. Since HJ-1A/B have been in orbit for over seven years and these satellites still run well, the proposed method is helpful for the cloud mask generation of the historical archive HJ-1A/B images and even similar sensors.
An Improved Method for Power-Line Reconstruction from Point Cloud Data
Authors: Guo Bo , Li Qingquan , Huang Xianfeng , Wang Chisheng
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a robust algorithm to reconstruct power-lines using ALS technology. Point cloud data are automatically classified into five target classes before reconstruction. In order to improve upon the defaults of only using the local shape properties of a single power-line span in traditional methods, the distribution properties of power-line group between two neighbor pylons and contextual information of related pylon objects are used to improve the reconstruction results. First, the distribution properties of power-line sets are detected using a similarity detection method. Based on the probability of neighbor points belonging to the same span, a RANSAC rule based algorithm is then introduced to reconstruct power-lines through two important advancements: reliable initial parameters fitting and efficient candidate sample detection. Our experiments indicate that the proposed method is effective for reconstruction of power-lines from complex scenarios.
A Comparison of Alternative Distributed Dynamic Cluster Formation Techniques for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Gholami Mohammad , Brennan Robert
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we investigate alternative distributed clustering techniques for wireless sensor node tracking in an industrial environment. The research builds on extant work on wireless sensor node clustering by reporting on: (1) the development of a novel distributed management approach for tracking mobile nodes in an industrial wireless sensor network; and (2) an objective comparison of alternative cluster management approaches for wireless sensor networks. To perform this comparison, we focus on two main clustering approaches proposed in the literature: pre-defined clusters and ad hoc clusters. These approaches are compared in the context of their reconfigurability: more specifically, we investigate the trade-off between the cost and the effectiveness of competing strategies aimed at adapting to changes in the sensing environment. To support this work, we introduce three new metrics: a cost/efficiency measure, a performance measure, and a resource consumption measure. The results of our experiments show that ad hoc clusters adapt more readily to changes in the sensing environment, but this higher level of adaptability is at the cost of overall efficiency.
Multi-Layered Capital Subsidy Policy for the PV Industry in China Considering Regional Differences
Authors: Li Lei , Chi Ting , Zhang Meng , Wang Shi
Published: January 2016

As a country with huge energy consumption, China has been paying more and more attention to green growth in recent years. Several subsidy policies have been conducted to boost the photovoltaic (PV) industry so far. However, as a matter of fact, there are 31 provinces and municipalities (PM) in mainland China, and the economic condition, environmental resources and energy structure of each PM are all significantly different, which leads to a discrepancy of PV efficiency among regions. This paper proposes that the subsidies for the PV industry should be considered mainly from three aspects: the PM’s economic condition, energy efficiency and environmental responsibility. We built 19 evaluation indicators involving economic, environmental and energy factors, allocated weight to each indicator using the entropy weight method and sorted the 31 evaluation objects by TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution) method. Additionally, through an empirical study, we obtained the subsidy proportion for each PM. The result could make much of a contribution to the green growth of different regions and to the whole country.
A Heritage Interpretation-Based Itinerary to Enhance Tourist Use of Traditional Rural Buildings
Authors: Leanza Paola , Porto Simona , Sapienza Vincenzo , Cascone Santi
Published: January 2016

The study describes the planning strategy for a tourist itinerary in rural areas located in South-Eastern Sicily which aimed at promoting cultural rural heritage and diversifying the tourist offer. The planning of the tourist itinerary occurred within an appropriate heritage interpretation strategy as a working method which could facilitate the understanding and social use of the heritage sites located along the itinerary. The tourist itinerary combined significant territory potential such as traditional rural buildings and enogastronomy. It included a starting point; which is a heritage site and an already well known “tourist attraction”, and several other tourist resources selected on the basis of the information derived from the analysis of the profile of the average visitor to the area. An interpretation center, which was located at the heritage site, and several interpretation media placed at each stopping point included in the itinerary supported the tourists during their trip. By promoting traditional rural buildings and enogastronomy, the tourist itinerary represents a significant opportunity for rural diversification and, therefore, can contribute to achieving sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas.
MicroRNA and Pathogenesis of Enterovirus Infection
Authors: Ho Bing-Ching , Yang Pan-Chyr , Yu Sung-Liang
Published: January 2016

There are no currently available specific antiviral therapies for non-polio Enterovirus infections. Although several vaccines have entered clinical trials, the efficacy requires further evaluation, particularly for cross-strain protective activity. Curing patients with viral infections is a public health problem due to antigen alterations and drug resistance caused by the high genomic mutation rate. To conquer these limits in the development of anti-Enterovirus treatments, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between Enterovirus and host cells is urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes the biggest family of gene regulators in mammalian cells and regulates almost a half of all human genes. The roles of miRNAs in Enterovirus pathogenesis have recently begun to be noted. In this review, we shed light on recent advances in the understanding of Enterovirus infection-modulated miRNAs. The impacts of altered host miRNAs on cellular processes, including immune escape, apoptosis, signal transduction, shutdown of host protein synthesis and viral replication, are discussed. Finally, miRNA-based medication provides a promising strategy for the development of antiviral therapy.
Using a Modified Lane’s Relation in Local Bed Scouring Studies in the Laboratory Channel
Authors: Kiraga Marta , Popek Zbigniew
Published: January 2016

Numerous approaches to local scour forming studies have been developed. This paper presents different scientific approaches to the scour phenomenon using Lane’s relation [1] in its modified form during laboratory studies. The original Lane’s relation is applicable in dynamic balance conditions in alluvial rivers context, and it is not an equation, but a qualitative expression which cannot be directly used to estimate the influence of a change in one parameter on the magnitude of others. Lane's relation, despite its qualitative and simplified character, serves well to describe the nature of the process of forming alluvial stream channels, while modified relation allows transforming it into an equation for laboratory studies of local scour forming in prearranged clear-water equilibrium conditions and gives a new opportunity for this principle application.
Isolation of 91 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the western Mediterranean endemic Carex helodes (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Arroyo Juan M. , Escudero Marcial , Jordano Pedro
Published: January 2016

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite primers were developed for Carex helodes (Cyperaceae), a western Mediterranean endemic that is locally distributed in southern Portugal and southwestern Spain and rare in northern Morocco.

Methods and Results:

One hundred nine nuclear microsatellite markers were developed using a shotgun pyrosequencing method, resulting in 91 polymorphic and 18 monomorphic loci when tested using 19 individuals sampled from five populations from Portugal, Spain, and Morocco. Loci averaged 3.23 alleles per locus (SD = 1.15). In a single population (Cortelha population, Portugal), the 34 most polymorphic loci showed a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.357 (SD = 0.292) and mean expected heterozygosity of 0.384 (SD = 0.255).

Conclusions:

Next‐generation sequencing allowed us to develop a high number of genetic markers with levels of polymorphism adequate to study gene flow among populations. However, when genotyping the individuals within a population, we found low levels of variation.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microRNA‐based microsatellite markers in Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae)
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Gui Songtao , Pan Lei , Hu Jihong , Ding Yi
Published: January 2016

Premise of the study:

Polymorphic microRNA (miRNA)–based microsatellite markers were developed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae).

Methods and Results:

A total of 485 miRNA‐based microsatellites were found from the genomic DNA sequences of N. nucifera. After several rounds of screening, 21 primer pairs flanking di‐, tri‐, or pentanucleotide repeats were identified that revealed high levels of genetic diversity in four populations with two to five alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.803, respectively.

Conclusions:

The polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for studying the genetic diversity and population structure of N. nucifera.
Facile synthesis of 4H-chromene derivatives via base-mediated annulation of ortho-hydroxychalcones and 2-bromoallyl sulfones
Authors: Thadkapally Srinivas , Kunjachan Athira C , Menon Rajeev S
Published: January 2016

The cesium carbonate-mediated reaction of 2-bromoallyl sulfones and ortho-hydroxychalcones furnished 3-arylsulfonyl-4H-chromene derivatives in 58–67% yield (18 examples). 2-Bromoallyl sulfones functioned as synthetic surrogates for allenyl sulfones in the reaction.
Perceptions Toward Internet-Based Delivery of Hearing Aids among Older Hearing-Impaired Adults
Authors: Chandra Navshika , Searchfield Grant D.
Published: January 2016

Background:Despite evidence that hearing aids can improve the social and psychological functioning of older hearing-impaired adults, hearing aid uptake is low. High cost of hearing aids and poor access to audiology services in rural areas are potential barriers to hearing aid
acquisition. Methods of hearing aid delivery deviating from the traditional clinician-based model have been available to consumers for many years. One such method is Internet hearing aid sales. However, research exploring Internet-based hearing aid delivery, as a method to improve hearing
aid uptake in this population, is limited.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of older hearing aid users (aged ≥65 yr) toward Internet-based hearing aid delivery.Research Design:A qualitative approach was adopted to investigate older adults’
perceptions of buying hearing aids online.Study Sample:The sample consisted of 18 participants aged between 64 and 81 yr. Fourteen men and four women participated in this study. Participants were all experienced hearing aid users.Data Collection and Analysis:Face-to-face semistructured
interviews were conducted. An interview schedule guided the interview. Interviews were recorded with a voice recorder and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis of the data was carried out.Results:Seven main themes emerged from the data. A general lack of awareness, but willingness
to learn more about Internet hearing aid sales, was found. Two perceived benefits of Internet-based hearing aid delivery were identified: lower cost of hearing aids and greater convenience or physical accessibility. Numerous concerns and limitations were communicated. Concerns regarding the
availability of clinical procedures, such as hearing tests, obtaining the correct-sized earmolds, and fine-tuning of hearing aids, were expressed. Participants conveyed distrust in online retailers. However, trust in and a preference for audiologists’ expertise, which was not perceived
to be available online, was found. Participants further conveyed a preference for face-to-face contact. Finally, in this sample, a general lack of familiarity and confidence in using the Internet was communicated.Conclusions:Internet sales of hearing aids is a controversial topic in
audiology. Although Internet-based delivery of hearing aids was perceived by older adults to be potentially beneficial, several shortcomings and concerns were conveyed. Irrespective of opinion of the role of Internet sales, audiologists should consider the opinions of the elderly as to how
different service models may improve hearing aid uptake.
L’inévitabilité de l’incertitude, la nécessité du doute et le développement de la confiance
Authors: Bailleau Patrick
Published: January 2016

J’avais écrit l’introduction à cet article de Bill il y a quelques jours… C’était avant ce vendredi 13 novembre 2015, date à laquelle Paris, une fois de plus, était secouée profondément par une explosion de violence inouïe qui, par 6 attentats simultanés, a fait perdre la vie à 129 personnes au moins, a blessé grièvement plus de 300 autres, traumatisé leurs proches, les témoins, les soignants, et tous ceux pour qui le respect de la vie est sacré, tous ceux pour qui la liberté, la fraternité, la démocratie sont à la base de leur manière de vivre. Je ne peux m’empêcher de penser combien notre travail d’analystes transactionnels peut contribuer à tisser et renforcer les liens qui unissent entre eux les humains. Mais sommes-nous assez préparés pour répondre à la haine et la violence sans tomber à notre tour dans le désir de punir, de contrôler ou de haïr ? À l’heure où notre monde est secoué par de nouvelles flambées de violence et par l’arrivée massive dans nos régions de réfugiés qui en fuient l’horreur, l’article de Bill Cornell, écrit il y a plusieurs années déjà, est d’une actualité bien évidente. Si les ouvrages portant sur l’importance dans notre travail de la place de l’empathie, de la position OK+/OK+, de la construction d’un socle relationnel sécure, sont nombreux, rares sont ceux qui abordent de manière centrale la question de la place qu’y tiennent la haine, la méfiance, l’hostilité et la violence. Or, nous dit Bill Cornell, si nous ne pouvons examiner honnêtement les aspects haïssables de nous-mêmes et de nos cultures professionnelle et ethnique, nous risquons de « transformer nos valeurs thérapeutiques en saccharine et slogans creux » et nous n’apporterons pas grand-chose à ceux que nous voulons aider. B.E
Les liens étroits entre la psychothérapie et le dévoilement du thérapeute
Authors: Bailleau Patrick
Published: January 2016

Au cours de cet article Bill Cornell, dans le courant de la psychothérapie relationnelle, partage sa réflexion, son questionnement et son expérience autour de l’auto dévoilement du thérapeute. Quand l’histoire du patient entre en écho avec celle du thérapeute est-ce que parler de soi est utile à la thérapie du client. Dans une grande intimité Bill Cornell se dévoile au lecteur en présentant deux vignettes cliniques illustrant le sensible équilibre à trouver entre partage ou non de vécus contre transférentiels. Des références à Ferenczi, McLaughlin, Poland, Aron soutiennent sa pensée. FH
Le temps pour produire
Authors: Gaffard Jean-Luc , Saraceno Francesco
Published: January 2016

Si l’on veut répondre à la question du niveau de taux de croissance potentiellement atteignable, il importe de connaître le profil de l’investissement productif, à quel horizon la nouvelle capacité de production est construite et donc disponible, à quel horizon elle est détruite. Ainsi, un vieillissement du capital productif, conséquence du ralentissement des dépenses d’investissement, peut expliquer la faiblesse actuelle du taux de croissance potentiel, tandis que le temps nécessaire pour son rajeunissement peut expliquer pourquoi cette faiblesse est durable.
Vieillissement de la population active
Authors: Levasseur Sandrine
Published: January 2016

Le vieillissement de la population active pose des défis importants pour notre potentiel de productivité macroéconomique notamment si, comme certains l’avancent, la productivité au travail diminue à partir d’un certain âge. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons tout d’abord aux résultats des études de neurosciences portant sur l’évolution des capacités cognitives (et physiques) chez le sujet vieillissant. Puis, nous passons en revue la littérature empirique sur le lien entre âge et productivité au travail. Nous concluons que si la littérature fait consensus sur la baisse des capacités cognitives et physiques au fur et à mesure du vieillissement, il n’en va pas de même pour le lien empirique entre âge et productivité au travail. Enfin, dans le cadre d’un travail statistique simple, nous avons analysé les réponses actuelles au vieillissement de la population active en termes de robotisation et de recours à l’immigration. Nous trouvons que la densité robotique est positivement et significativement corrélée au vieillissement de la population active future tandis que l’immigration au cours des vingt dernières années a considérablement ralenti le vieillissement de la population de certains pays développés. Finalement, notre potentiel de productivité macroéconomique nous semble moins lié au vieillissement de la population active qu’aux progrès de la robotique et de l’intelligence artificielle.
Voltage Stability Index of Radial Distribution Networks by Considering Distributed Generator for Different Types of Loads
Authors: Chattopadhyay Tapan Kumar , Banerjee Sumit , Chanda Chandan Kumar
Published: January 2016

The paper presents an approach on voltage stability analysis of distribution networks for loads of different types. A voltage stability index is proposed for identifying the node, which is most sensitive to voltage collapse. It is shown that the node, at which the value of voltage stability index is maximum, is more sensitive to voltage collapse. For the purpose of voltage stability analysis, constant power, constant current, constant impedance and composite load modeling are considered. Distributed generation can be integrated into distribution systems to meet the increasing load demand. It is seen that with the insertion of distributed generator (DG), load capability limit of the feeder has increased for all types of loads. By using this voltage stability index, one can measure the level of voltage stability of radial distribution systems and thereby appropriate action may be taken if the index indicates a poor level of stability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through two examples.
A Power Management Strategy for Hybrid Photovoltaic Diesel System with Battery Storage
Authors: Mhamdi Taoufik Ben Mohamed el Harry , Lassad Sbita
Published: January 2016

This paper proposes a DC-AC-linked hybrid diesel/photovoltaic (PV)/battery storage system for stand-alone applications. PV is the primary power source. A diesel engine is used as a backup and a battery as storage device. An overall power management strategy is designed to manage power flows among the different energy sources and the storage unit. A configuration of diesel-engine generator and photovoltaic hybrid systems is evaluated based on technical constraints. A sizing of different component is established. A simulation model for the hybrid energy system has been developed. The system performance under different scenarios has been verified by carrying out studies using a load demand profile.
Solar PV Residential Grid-Tie System for Optimizing Installation and Performance
Authors: White Michael , Ali Ahad
Published: January 2016

With the greening of the US power grid most of the available landscape and resource investment lays with residential home owners. Historically homes were not built with green technology in mind. Roof faces do not always face south, nor are they always at optimum angles. Existing homes are often shaded by old growth trees. This paper covers decision-making tools for cost, performance, layout, and labor optimization. It also includes a case study from a residential solar PV system in suburbia Detroit, Michigan; and goes further into possible improvements to the system after initial installation and their cost effectiveness.
Open Ways for Time Banking Research
Authors: Valek Lukas
Published: January 2016

This article aims to point out four possible directions which time banking research is taking or should take with some direct examples included. Previous research is compared with various other sources to produce a document which shows fields that should be more stressed in time banking research. They are: project management, knowledge management, retention of users and sustainability of economy related to time banking. Research methodology is based on various methods used during previous researches, and are discussed with literature. Results show three additional directions for the research in its logical conclusion. They are: necessity for further research in the field, necessity of professionalization of time banks and creation of international support network for cooperation in the field, because in time banking there is no competition. The sense of cooperation is to systemize time banking, raise its credit among stakeholders and ease start up process of newly founded time banks.
Understanding the Setting of a MOOC
Authors: Saadatdoost Robab , Sim Alex Tze Hiang , Jafarkarimi Hosein , Hee Jee Mei
Published: January 2016

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are becoming increasingly difficult to ignore in online education. Recent developments in MOOC have heightened the need for understanding the MOOC. The issue of an in-depth understanding of the MOOC setting has been a key subject within the field of qualitative research. However, far too little attention has been paid to the MOOC setting. This paper seeks to put the Netnography methodology into context by presenting a description of the Coursera community to better understand this community. It contributes by providing details about Coursera community through our engagement in this community.
Toward Social-Semantic Recommender Systems
Authors: Sulieman Dalia , Malek Maria , Kadima Hubert , Laurent Dominique
Published: January 2016

In this article, the authors consider the basic problem of recommender systems that is identifying a set of users to whom a given item is to be recommended. In practice recommender systems are run against huge sets of users, and the problem is then to avoid scanning the whole user set in order to produce the recommendation list. To cope with problem, they consider that users are connected through a social network and that taxonomy over the items has been defined. These two kinds of information are respectively called social and semantic information. In their contribution the authors suggest combining social information with semantic information in one algorithm in order to compute recommendation lists by visiting a limited part of the social network. In their experiments, the authors use two real data sets, namely Amazon.com and MovieLens, and they compare their algorithms with the standard item-based collaborative filtering and hybrid recommendation algorithms. The results show satisfying accuracy values and a very significant improvement of performance, by exploring a small part of the graph instead of exploring the whole graph.
An Empirical Study of E-Participation Levels in Jordan
Authors: Abu-Shanab Emad , Al-Dalou' Raya
Published: January 2016

The relationship between citizens and governments is the core of e-government. E-participation is one of the political dimensions of e-government which focuses on informing, consulting, involving, collaborating, and empowering citizens to take part of the decision making process. This study adopted a framework for the five levels of e-participation and tried to test such model empirically using 400 responses from Jordanians. The study tried to measure Jordanian perceptions towards e-participation initiatives and practices in Jordan, and to measure the achievements on each level as perceived and reported by subjects. Results indicated that the highest perceived level was e-involving, and the lowest was e-consulting. Also, the CFA results indicated a distorted distribution of items between the major levels. Results of other issues explored are discussed further in this study.