bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
m‐Benziporphyrin(1.1.0.0)s as a Rare Example of Ring‐Contracted Carbaporphyrins with Metal‐Coordination Ability: Distorted Coordination Structures and Small HOMO‐LUMO Gaps
Authors: Liu Le , Zhang Fenni , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: December 2022

m‐Benziporphyrin(1.1.0.0) and m‐pyreniporphyrin(1.1.0.0) were prepared as ring‐contracted carbaporphyrins. While m‐Benziporphyrin(1.1.0.0) was unstable, m‐pyreniporphyrin(1.1.0.0) was fairly stable. Both of their PdII complexes showed distorted coordination structures with extremely short Pd−C bonds. As compared with the reported m‐benziporphyrin PdII complexes, these PdII complexes showed considerably small HOMO‐LUMO gaps, despite their smaller molecular size. PdII metalation of the m‐pyreniporphyrin(1.1.0.0) dimer gave the corresponding PdII complex, which showed similar distorted coordination and a smaller HOMO‐LUMO gap. Finally, PdII metalation of a pyrene‐sharing formal p‐benziporphyrin(1.1.1.1) dimer gave a nonaromatic PdII dimer, which rearranged to an aromatic PdII complex upon treatment with alumina.
Precise modulation of embryonic development through optogenetics
Authors: Fan Huaxun , Barnes Collin , Hwang Hyojeong , Zhang Kai , Yang Jing
Published: December 2022

The past decade has witnessed enormous progress in optogenetics, which uses photo‐sensitive proteins to control signal transduction in live cells and animals. The ever‐increasing amount of optogenetic tools, however, could overwhelm the selection of appropriate optogenetic strategies. In this work, we summarize recent progress in this emerging field and highlight the application of opsin‐free optogenetics in studying embryonic development, focusing on new insights gained into optical induction of morphogenesis, cell polarity, cell fate determination, tissue differentiation, neuronal regeneration, synaptic plasticity, and removal of cells during development.
Repeated evolution of blanched coloration in a lizard across independent white‐sand habitats
Authors: Laurentino Telma G. , Dittmer Drew E. , Grundler Maggie R. , Pina‐Martins Francisco , Haddock Janey , Hibbitts Toby J. , Rosenblum Erica Bree
Published: December 2022

The White Sands lizards of New Mexico are a rare and classic example of convergent evolution where three species have evolved blanched coloration on the white gypsum dunes. Until now, no geological replicate of the pattern had been described. However, one of the White Sands species, the lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata), has been discovered to also inhabit the Salt Basin Dunes of Texas, where it has also evolved a blanched morph. We here present a first phenotypic and genetic description of the Salt Basin Dunes population of H. maculata. Phylogenetic inference based on a housekeeping gene (ND4) and a classic candidate gene in the melanin‐synthesis pathway (Melanocortin 1 Receptor; Mc1r) shows the newly discovered population as an independent lineage, with no evidence of genetic parallelism in the coding region of Mc1r. Initial morphological data suggest that while this population displays convergent evolution in blanched coloration, there are divergent patterns in limb length and habitat use behavior between the gypsum environments. Our findings present the White Sands/Salt Basin Dunes as an exceptionally promising comparative model for studies of adaptation and convergent evolution.
“Process‐based similarity” revealed by discharge‐dependent relative submergence dynamics of thousands of large bed elements
Authors: Wiener Jason , Pasternack Gregory
Published: December 2022

Relative submergence of macroroughness elements such as boulders and bedrock outcrops, or large bed elements (LBEs), collectively, is a primary control on hydraulics and morphodynamics in steep, coarse‐bedded rivers. However, in practice, the property is typically represented by singular, often reach‐ or cross‐section‐averaged values that mask bed‐surface heterogeneity and joint distributions of local flow depths. By coupling sub‐meter resolution two‐dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic modeling with spatially explicit mapping of LBEs from a 13.2 km segment of a boulder‐bedded mountain river, we present complete distributions of LBE relative submergences at multiple spatial scales and explore their dynamism across discharges. Through distribution fitting and statistical analysis of resultant discharge‐dependent LBE relative submergence datasets, it was confirmed that segment‐ and reach‐scale datasets exhibited similar statistical properties and were able to be drawn from the same type of distribution. Further, the rate at which statistical and parametric properties changed between discharge‐dependent datasets were statistically equivalent between spatial domains, which we term “process‐based similarity”. Commonality in distribution type and the uniform between discharge–scaling relationships suggest mutual self‐organizing processes associated with the size‐frequency distribution, spatial arrangement, and submergence of LBEs were present between most domains.
Morphological diversity of indigenous wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L. var. spinosa) accessions from northeast of Iran
Authors: Ashrafi Seyed Hasan , Bodaghi Hojatollah , Rezaei Mehdi
Published: December 2022

Wild pomegranate is a valuable edible species in the plant ecosystem of the Hyrcanian forests and the northern plains of the Caspian coast in Iran. The genetic diversity of these wild pomegranates can be effective in pomegranate breeding programs and germplasm conservation. In the present study, morphological diversity in 103 wild pomegranates (Punica granatum L. var. spinosa) in the northeastern area of Iran was studied using 46 traits related to trees, flowers, and fruits. The results showed that the fruit weight ranged from 17.93 to 99.9 g with an average of 48.92 g, the total aril weight ranged from 0.54 g to 64.78 g with an average of 24.25 g, and the weight of 100 arils was between 4.89 and 46.21 with an average of 13.79. The fruit cracking percent, crown shape, aril juiciness, calyx, and corolla colors show a high coefficient of variation (CV > 70%). Based on PCA results, fruit weight and total aril weight, peel weight, and fruit length and diameter were important on determining differences among accessions. In biplot analysis, genotype distribution was determined by two main factors. In cluster analysis, the studied accessions were divided into two different major clusters and two subclusters in each one. The results showed a high diversity of important pomological traits in wild pomegranates such as fruit weight, fruit cracking percent, crown shape, total aril weight, aril juiciness corolla, and calyx color that can be used in breeding programs to improve pomegranate juice quality and marketability.
Association between simple test assessing hand dexterity and mild cognitive impairment in independent older adults
Authors: Miyano Ichiro , Bae Seongryu , Lee Sangyoon , Shimada Hiroyuki , Kitaoka Hiroaki
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the association between hand function, including grip strength and hand dexterity, assessed using snap fasteners, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults with normal global cognitive function.

Methods

A total of 228 functionally independent older adults (mean age 77.7 ± 6.1 years) participated in this study. None of the participants had a history of dementia diagnosis, and all the participants had a Mini‐Mental State Examination score of ≥24. Participants were evaluated for hand function using grip strength and snap fastener tests, and for cognitive function using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Functional Assessment Tool.

Results

A total of 72 participants (31.6%) were diagnosed with MCI. The slow snap fastener test group had a higher proportion of participants with MCI (p < 0.001) and impairments in memory (p = 0.010), attention (p = 0.043), executive function (p < 0.001), and processing speed (p = 0.044) compared to the fast snap fastener test group. The slow speed of fastening snap fasteners was significantly associated with MCI and impairment in memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed (MCI: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.64–9.19; memory: AOR = 5.73, 95% CI = 1.58–20.82; attention: AOR = 3.95, 95% CI = 1.10–14.11; executive function: AOR = 7.22, 95% CI = 1.78–29.24; processing speed: AOR = 7.52, 95% CI = 1.19–47.66) according to the multiple logistic regression analysis. Grip strength was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

Thus, hand dexterity assessed using the snap fastener test was associated with MCI in older adults with normal global cognitive function. Hand dexterity assessment using the snap fastener test is useful for detecting MCI in apparently healthy older adults.
Faustian bargains: Short‐term and long‐term contingencies in phylogeny, ontogeny, and sociogeny
Authors: Stahlman W. David , Catania A. Charles
Published: December 2022

Rachlin's interpretations of self‐control depend on the short‐term versus the long‐term consequences of behavior. Sometimes these effects support each other (typing an abstract produces a written product now and is later read by others). Sometimes they conflict (procrastination now is incompatible with finishing the abstract by deadline). We usually reserve the language of self‐control for human cases where long‐term consequences are chosen over short‐term ones. Rachlin made this distinction salient in ontogeny, but it also applies to selection in phylogeny (Darwinian evolution) and sociogeny (behavior passed from one organism to another). Our account examines relations between short‐term and long‐term consequences at each level of selection. For example, sexual selection has adaptive, short‐term mating consequences but may drive species to extreme specializations that jeopardize long‐term survival. In sociogeny, as in the Tragedy of the Commons, group members may get immediate economic benefits from exploiting resources but exhaust those resources over the long term. Whatever the level, when short‐term and long‐term consequences have opposing effects, adaptive behavior may depend on whether temporally extended contingencies exert more control than more immediate benefits.
Diverse functional genes harboured in extracellular vesicles from environmental and human microbiota
Authors: Zhu Li‐Ting , Huang Hai‐Ning , Avellán‐Llaguno Ricardo David , Qin Yifei , An Xin‐Li , Su Jian‐Qiang , Huang Qiansheng , Zhu Yong‐Guan
Published: December 2022

Exchange of mobile functional genes within microbiota benefits the microbial community. However, the status of the mobile gene pool in environment is still largely unclear, impeding the understanding on the process of gene transfer in natural microbial communities. The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by diverse organisms has been proposed to be a vital way in the complex networks of interactions between microbes and their habitats. In this study, we hypothesized that microbial EVs encapsulating functional DNA are widely distributed in the environmental matrix. The prevalence, source and DNA cargoes of EVs in three types of typical microbial habitats were studied. High abundance of EVs comparable to the bacterial concentration was found in human faeces, wastewater and soil. Metagenomic analysis showed the diverse and differential taxonomy of EVs‐associated DNA compared to source microbiome. An array of efficient EVs producing species was identified. A wide variety of mobile genes including glycoside hydrolase family 25 were enriched. Antibiotic resistance genes co‐localizing with mobile genetic elements were abundant in the EVs. This study provides novel insights into the prevalent EVs as a reservoir for the mobile functional genes in the natural environment.
Challenges in modeling microemulsion phase behavior
Authors: Batista Fernandes Bruno Ramon , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Delshad Mojdeh
Published: December 2022

Modeling the complex phase behavior of microemulsions has been the subject of research for decades for hydrocarbon oil and organic contaminant recoveries. The empirical Hand model has been the standard scheme for calculating phase behavior in reservoir simulators. On the other hand, the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) model in conjunction with the net curvature and average curvature models (HLD‐NAC) has provided some theoretical basis for modeling microemulsions. While the HLD‐NAC has been successful in describing salinity scans, only recently an HLD‐NAC approach was devised that could represent binodal curves with physical behavior, resulting in a succession of new microemulsion flash algorithms. While these new algorithms claimed to include the effects of cosolvent, there are only few works in the literature, which give an in‐depth description of the cosolvent modeling. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no work has investigated the capability of HLD‐NAC models for predicting data for different cosolvent concentrations nor did any work present a comprehensive study of the application of HLD‐NAC against Hand model for formulations including cosolvents. This paper aims to contribute in filling such gap. We modify different versions of the new HLD‐NAC approach with physical binodal curves by providing more flexibility into controlling the binodal heights with the cosolvent concentration and investigate how well they can calibrate and predict data. Experimental data sets were considered here. The results suggest that some of the HLD‐NAC approaches produced negative solubilization ratios and the Hand model gave better predictions of the ternary diagram for extreme salinity values.
Development of two fully automated quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe pretreatment methods for the extraction of psychotropic drugs from whole blood samples
Authors: Murakami Takaya , Ishimaru Reiko , Minami Eriko , Iwamuro Yoshiaki , Takamura Naoki , Torai Aya , Watanabe Tsutomu , Miki Akihiro , Katagi Munehiro , Kusano Maiko , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Zaitsu Kei , Chinaka Satoshi
Published: December 2022

Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction strategies are becoming increasingly adopted in various analytical fields to determine drugs in biological specimens. In the present study, we developed two fully automated quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction methods based on acetonitrile salting‐out assisted liquid‐liquid extraction (method 1) and acetonitrile salting‐out assisted liquid‐liquid extraction followed by dispersive solid‐phase extraction (method 2) using a commercially available automated liquid‐liquid extraction system. We applied these methods to the extraction of 14 psychotropic drugs (11 benzodiazepines and carbamazepine, quetiapine, and zolpidem) from whole blood samples. Both methods prior to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis exhibited high linearity of calibration curves (correlation coefficients, > 0.9997), ppt level detection sensitivities, and satisfactory precisions (< 8.6% relative standard deviation), accuracies (within ± 16% relative error), and matrix effects (81–111%). Method 1 provided higher recovery rates (80–91%) than method 2 (72–86%), whereas method 2 provided higher detection sensitivities (limits of detection, 0.003–0.094 ng/mL) than method 1 (0.025–0.47 ng/mL) owing to the effectiveness of its dispersive solid‐phase extraction cleanup step. These fully automated extraction methods realize reliable, labor‐saving, user‐friendly, and hygienic extraction of target analytes from whole blood samples.
Role of Transabdominal Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Pediatric Patients With Daytime Wetting
Authors: Oktay Cemil , Işık Güneş
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a frequent cause of admission to pediatric nephrology outpatient clinics. The aim of this study was to determine whether anatomical changes in lower urinary tract structures (retrovesical angulation [RVA] and bladder neck position [BNP]) are associated with UI in pediatric patients with daytime‐wetting in comparison to healthy children.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients with daytime UI diagnosed using the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score of the International Children's Continence Society and 3‐day‐voiding/bowel diary were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched control group without incontinence. In addition to routine clinical evaluation, RVA and BNP were measured at rest using transabdominal ultrasound (TA‐US). Intra‐rater agreement was estimated.

Results

A total of 88 children were included in the study, with 44 children (22 boys, 22 girls) each in patient and control groups. RVA was significantly greater and BNP was significantly lower in the patient group versus control group (RVA: 134.30 ± 10.05 vs 127.94 ± 13.15, P = .013; BNP: 11.88 ± 4.53 vs 17.20 ± 5.55, P < .001, respectively). Irrespective of the presence of incontinence, girls had a significantly greater RVA than boys (P < .001). However, there was no difference between sexes in BNP values (P = .630). Intra‐rater agreement was very strong for RVA (P < .001, r = .897), and strong for BNP (P < .001, r = .774).

Conclusions

TA‐US imaging is a non‐invasive and practical procedure routinely performed in pediatric patients presenting with UI complaints. Our study demonstrated anatomical changes in lower urinary tract structures in pediatric patients with UI. These changes should be considered in the diagnosis, follow‐up, and treatment of patients with UI.
Quantifying Neck Fibrosis: Establishing the Domain Structure of the Neck Fibrosis Scale
Authors: Saleem Ahmed , Noel Christopher W , Hueniken Katrina , Grewal Rajan , Kwinter Adam , Peralta Giselle , de Almeida John R , Goldstein David P
Published: December 2022

Objective

We recently described the development of the Neck Fibrosis Scale (NFS). In this submission, we confirm domain structure and validate a scoring system for the NFS.

Study Design

Prospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Between January 2020 and December 2021, 127 head and neck cancer patients with varying degrees of cutaneous neck fibrosis completed the original 15 item NFS. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify optimal groupings with similar underlying factors. The association between the domains of the NFS and various measures of neck morbidity (i.e., construct validity) were assessed using gamma regression.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis confirmed 13 of the 15 items from the NFS mapped onto two factors, which were labelled ‘physical’ and ‘emotional’ domains. Of the remaining two items, ‘energy’ did not load uniquely onto one factor and was removed. ‘Neck‐swelling’ did not load on either factor (loadings <0.3) but was retained within the physical domain based on clinical importance. This resulted in a revised 14‐item questionnaire. Internal consistency for these two domains was high (>0.8,p < 0.01). Both the physical and emotional domains of the revised NFS show strong correlation with the neck dissection impairment index and neck range of motion. The physical domain strongly correlated with neck elasticity (0.902 [95%CI 0.839–0.972],p < 0.01). Patients receiving multimodal therapy had physical domain scores that were 31.6% [95% 13.9–51.8] higher (worse) than unimodal therapy patients.

Conclusions

A domain structure and scoring strategy have been developed for the NFS. Future efforts should be directed toward an evaluation of responsiveness.

Level of Evidence

NALaryngoscope, 133:2198–2202, 2023
Functional, antioxidant, and sensory properties of a ready‐to‐eat wheat flour snack incorporated with germinated legume flour
Authors: Sattar Dur‐e‐shahwar , Ali Tahira Mohsin , Soomro Umed Ali , Hasnain Abid
Published: December 2022

The present study aimed to develop a protein‐rich product by increasing the nutritional properties of a ready‐to‐eat snack known as “diamond cuts.” Diamond cuts, also known as “papad,” is a crunchy savory snack of South and South‐East Asian countries, typically served between meals in India and Pakistan. In this research three legumes, namely, lentils (Lens culinaris), green gram (Vigna radiata), and black gram (Vigna mungo) were sprouted in a jute bag for 24 h. These were ground to form legume flour and were then used in the preparation of diamond cuts. These products were analyzed for moisture content, percentage expansion, pH, textural characteristics, oil content, peroxide value, total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, and sensory characteristics. The results showed that diamond cuts containing germinated lentils, green gram, and black gram containing to have higher total phenolic content (2.29 and 1.25 mg/100 g, respectively) and antioxidant activity (90%, 87%, and 84%, respectively) with improved moisture content. It was also observed that diamond cuts with germinated legumes exhibited significantly harder texture compared to their non‐germinated counterparts. Also, oil uptake was positively correlated to moisture loss is an important parameter in characterizing the physical properties of fried products. In terms of overall acceptability, all germinated fried snacks were liked significantly higher 7.4 than the snacks containing non‐germinated legumes. From the results of sensory evaluation, it is concluded that the incorporation of germinated legumes in diamond cuts would give acceptable color, flavor, and appearance. Therefore, diamond cuts supplemented with germinated legumes could improve the textural, sensory, and nutritional properties of the product.
Photoresponsive Double Cross‐Linked Supramolecular Hydrogels Based on A‐Cyclodextrin/Azobenzene Host–Guest Complex
Authors: Liubimtsev Nikolai , Zagradska‐Paromova Zlata , Appelhans Dietmar , Gaitzsch Jens , Voit Brigitte
Published: December 2022

Smart hydrogels are interesting materials as they can change their dimensions upon an external trigger. Herein, a photoresponsive double cross‐linked hydrogel system based on polyacrylamide (AAm) with grafted poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMOXA) chains with a α‐cyclodextrin/azobenzene host–guest complex is present. Switching azobenzene from the trans to the cis‐conformation through irradiation with UV light breaks the complex reversibly. Well‐defined PMOXA macromonomers have been synthesized and functionalized with the respective host and guest functionalities as well as double bonds for the incorporation into the polymer network as grafted side chains. The chemical structure of the macromonomers and the complex is confirmed by 1H NMR, 2D NOESY NMR, GPC, and UV–VIS measurements. Hydrogels with different ratios of permanent and photoresponsive cross‐linkers as well as different chain lengths of the PMOXA macromonomers are analyzed toward differences in their swelling/deswelling and elastic properties. Successive irradiation of supramolecular hydrogels with UV and VIS light allowed for a repeated swelling and de‐swelling of the hydrogels. This system is studied at both macro and micro scales, showing similar swelling tendencies. The tuned properties of photoresponsive double cross‐linked hydrogel makes this system a promising tool for various applications, for example, as in situ controllable valves in microfluidic flow cells.
Connecting nature with luxury service
Authors: Shin Minjung , Lee Rachel Hyunkyung , Min Jihye Ellie , Legendre Tiffany S.
Published: December 2022

Many service and retail facilities, such as hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and airports, are incorporating nature elements into their building design. Individuals' affinity for nature is called biophilia. The literature on biophilic design heavily focuses on the restorative effects of biophilic design on the facility users, leaving many other effects under‐investigated. In particular, biophilic design implementation requires significant financial investment, thus, whether biophilic design can bring financial returns from consumers would be of interest to practitioners. This study investigates whether biophilic design attributes are linked to consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium (WTPP). Two pretests show that when biophilic attributes are moderately implemented, they can elevate aesthetic and attractiveness perceptions, but this effect tapers off if the implementation is excessive. Through three between‐subjects main experiments, this study confirms that WTPP is enhanced via increased aesthetic value and luxury perceptions when biophilic attributes are present (vs. absent—Studies 1 and 2), but this serial mediation is moderated by biophilic scarcity (low vs. high—Study 3). An adequate level of nature elements, when implemented in biophilic‐scarce areas, can improve customers' perceptions of aesthetic value and luxury. This, in turn, improves customers' WTPP for the service.
Technology advancement propels work productivity: Empirical efficiency potential determination in marketing and sales
Authors: Goldmann Sebastian , Knörzer Michael
Published: December 2022

The adoption of digital technologies in the modern business world stays fast‐moving, and managers underutilize the huge potentials entailed by digitalization. Literature concerning labor market developments proposes an assessment on work‐task level, to evaluate job automation susceptibility. The paper is based on this approach and further extends and details the existing models for the determination of efficiency potentials in the field of marketing and sales. Using a qualitative research design, a new descriptive model for tasks is first developed. Based on this, a second model for calculating efficiency potentials is derived in the next steps integrating data from ONET database.
Ecological innovation effect of broadband network infrastructure: Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Meitong , Luo Qi , Feng Dawei
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the impact of Broadband Network Infrastructure (BNI) on urban ecological innovation (EI). The implementation of China's “Broadband China” Demonstration City (BCDC) construction policy provides a quasi‐natural experiment for examining the causal effect of BNI on urban EI. Using the difference‐in‐differences method, we find that BNI significantly increases the number of green patent applications in local cities, and that the effect is increasing over time. Examination of the underlying mechanism reveals that BNI promotes urban EI through stimulating entrepreneurship, improving human capital level, and attracting investment agglomeration. This paper contributes to the understanding of why significant innovation frequently occurs in places with relatively perfect infrastructure, such as networks.
Mean‐standard deviation model for minimum cost flow problem
Authors: Gokalp Can , Boyles Stephen D. , Unnikrishnan Avinash
Published: December 2022

We study the mean‐standard deviation minimum cost flow (MSDMCF) problem, where the objective is minimizing a linear combination of the mean and standard deviation of flow costs. Due to the nonlinearity and nonseparability of the objective, the problem is not amenable to the standard algorithms developed for network flow problems. We prove that the solution for the MSDMCF problem coincides with the solution for a particular mean‐variance minimum cost flow (MVMCF) problem. Leveraging this result, we propose bisection (BSC), Newton–Raphson (NR), and a hybrid (NR‐BSC)—method seeking to find the specific MVMCF problem whose optimal solution coincides with the optimal solution for the given MSDMCF problem. We further show that this approach can be extended to solve more generalized nonseparable parametric minimum cost flow problems under certain conditions. Computational experiments show that the NR algorithm is about twice as fast as the CPLEX solver on benchmark networks generated with NETGEN.
Solving vehicle routing problems with intermediate stops using VRPSolver models
Authors: Roboredo Marcos , Sadykov Ruslan , Uchoa Eduardo
Published: December 2022

In this article, we propose graph‐based models for several vehicle routing problems with intermediate stops: the capacitated multi‐trip vehicle routing problem with time windows, the multi‐depot vehicle routing problem with inter‐depot routes, the arc routing problem with intermediate facilities under capacity and length restrictions and the green vehicle routing problem. In these models, the set of feasible routes is represented by a set of resource constrained paths in one or several graphs. Intermediate stops are supported by the possibility to define negative resource consumption for some arcs. The models that we propose are then solved by VRPSolver, which implements a generic branch‐cut‐and‐price exact algorithm. Thus, a simple parameterization enables us to use several state‐of‐the‐art algorithmic components: automatic stabilization by dual price smoothing, limited‐memory rank‐1 cuts, reduced cost‐based arc elimination, enumeration of elementary routes, and hierarchical strong branching. For each problem, we numerically compare the proposed methodology with the best exact approach found in the literature. State‐of‐the‐art computational results were obtained for all problems except one.
Nursing students' experiences and perceptions of barriers to the implementation of person‐centred care in clinical settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Kim Seonho , Kim Myoungsuk
Published: December 2022

Aim

This study aimed to explore the barriers to implementing person‐centred care based on nursing students' experiences during clinical practice.

Design

This is a descriptive, qualitative study.

Methods

Seventeen nursing students were recruited through purposeful sampling from two universities in South Korea. The semi‐structured interviews consisting of open‐ended questions were conducted. The collected data were analysed using an inductive content analysis method.

Results

Five main categories were identified from nursing students' experiences: busyness, educational challenges, lack of awareness, lack of relationship building and lack of a policy approach.
Nurse‐to‐nurse horizontal violence during the covid‐19 pandemic and its impact on turnover intention: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Habibzadeh Hossein , Namadi Farideh , Mahdi‐Akhgar Masoumeh
Published: December 2022

Background

Nurse‐to‐nurse (N2N) horizontal violence has been documented among the main determinants of nurses' turnover intention. Even with its utmost importance, inadequate attention has been thus far drawn to the way crisis‐induced pressure added to work environments, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, can impact horizontal violence, and then give rise to turnover intention.

Aim

The present study was to investigate the relationship between N2N horizontal violence along with its dimensions and turnover intention among clinical nurses.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted utilizing the Turnover Intention Questionnaire (TIQ), developed by Kim et al. (2007), and the Negative Acts Questionnaire‐Revised (NAQ‐R; Einarsen, Hoel, & Notelaers, 2009). The participants, recruited by random sampling, included 295 clinical nurses working in referral hospitals for COVID‐19. The data were also analysed using the SPSS software package (ver. 19), via descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression.

Results

The study participants obtained the mean scores of 52.50 ± 11.85 and 45.38 ± 13.24 for turnover intention and horizontal violence, respectively. Among the dimensions of horizontal violence, the highest value belonged to “work‐related bullying,” with the mean score of 51.04 ± 15.23, and the lowest was associated with the “physically intimidating bullying” dimension, with the mean value of 15.90 ± 5.96. The Pearson correlation test results correspondingly showed that turnover intention was positively correlated with work‐related bullying (r = 0.73), person‐oriented bullying (r = 0.72), physically intimidating bullying (r = 0.53) and overall horizontal violence (r = 0.74). The regression analysis outcomes additionally demonstrated that the work‐related and person‐oriented bullying dimensions of N2N horizontal violence could predict turnover intention in nurses (F = 184.66, p < 0.001).

Implications

The study findings help nursing managers and policymakers to immediately formulate sound measures and guidelines to prevent or at least manage the problems, viz., N2N horizontal violence and turnover intention. These measures can be thus in the form of training programs focused on communication, stress reduction and conflict resolution techniques, especially during crises, together with obvious procedures for reporting the incidents of horizontal violence.
Thrombocytopenia and neonatal outcomes among extremely premature infants exposed to maternal hypertension
Authors: Delaney Joanne , Nunes Gabriela De Carvalho , Simoneau Jessica , Beltempo Marc , Malhamé Isabelle , Goudie Catherine , Altit Gabriel
Published: December 2022

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with neonatal hematological disturbances, such as thrombocytopenia. The association of HDP to platelet counts in the context of extreme prematurity, to trends of platelet counts during neonatal hospitalization, and to frequency of platelet transfusions remain to be explored.

Procedure

Retrospective study of infants born at less than 29 weeks born between 2015 and 2019. Platelet counts were collected on initial complete blood count, at 2 weeks, 32 weeks post‐menstrual age (PMA), 36 weeks PMA, and closest to discharge. We examined the association between HDP and platelet counts at each time point, frequency of platelet transfusions and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or more.

Results

Total 296 infants were included, 43 exposed to HDP. Infants exposed had lower platelet counts at each time point, as well as a higher prevalence of platelet less than 150 × 109/L on one of the time points (32% vs. 65%, p < .001). Infants exposed to maternal hypertension were more frequently exposed to platelet transfusions (63% vs. 18%, p < .001). Mixed effect model demonstrated an association between HDP and a lower trend in platelet counts at each time point (β = −94 × 103/μl, p < .001). Although initial platelet count was associated with severe IVH, it was not associated to exposure to HDP.

Conclusion

Premature infants exposed to HDP have a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia, increased frequency of platelet transfusion, and an altered trend in platelet counts during neonatal hospitalization.
The influence of NOS1AP gene polymorphisms and childhood abuse on antisocial personality disorder in Chinese male violent inmates
Authors: Li Jinyang , Ouyang Lichen , Liu Xinyao , Wang Qiuyu , Min Zhang , Liu Gang , Zhong Yuan , Zhang Ning , Wang Chun , Liu Na
Published: December 2022

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a common behavioral pattern that causes sufferers to ignore or violate the rights of others. Though its cause is still unclear, previous studies have shown that childhood maltreatment is closely related to ASPD. The NOS1AP gene is associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases, but a linkage between it and ASPD has not yet been discovered. This study recruited ASPD and non‐ASPD male subjects who had committed violent crimes from a prison in Nanjing, China. By comparing the two groups' genotypes, allele frequencies, and histories of childhood abuse, we explored the interaction between the NOS1AP gene and childhood maltreatment on the pathogenesis of ASPD. The results showed that polymorphism rs945713 in the NOS1AP gene was associated with ASPD and furthermore that this SNP may be involved in regulating the effect of childhood abuse on ASPD. This study found that childhood trauma increases the risk of ASPD in violent adult male inmates; for prisoners with ASPD, it is critical to pay attention to their childhood trauma and take early psychological intervention.
Depth profiling and standardization from the back side of a sample for accurate analyses: Emphasis on quantifying low‐fluence, shallow implants in diamond‐like carbon
Authors: Rieck Karen D. , Jurewicz Amy J. G. , Hervig Richard L. , Williams Peter , Olinger Chad T. , Wiens Roger C. , Ogliore Ryan C.
Published: December 2022

Rationale

Back‐side thinning of wafers is used to eliminate issues with transient sputtering when analyzing near‐surface element distributions. Precise and accurate calibrated implants are created by including a standard reference material during the implantation. Combining these methods allows accurate analysis of low‐fluence, shallow features even if matrix effects are a concern.

Methods

Implanted Na (<2.0 × 1011 ions/cm2, peaking <50 nm) in diamond‐like carbon (DLC) film on silicon (solar wind returned by NASA's Genesis mission) was prepared for measurement as follows. Implanted surfaces of samples were epoxied to wafers and back‐side‐thinned using physical or chemical methods. Thinned samples were then implanted with reference ions for accurate quantification of the solar wind implant. Analyses used a CAMECA IMS 7f‐GEO SIMS in depth‐profiling mode.

Results

Back‐side‐implanted reference ions reduced the need to change sample mounts or stage position and could be spatially separated from the solar wind implant even when measuring monoisotopic ions. Matrix effects in DLC were mitigated and the need to find an identical piece of DLC for a reference implant was eliminated. Accuracy was only limited by the back‐side technique itself.

Conclusions

Combining back‐side depth profiling with back‐side‐implanted internal standards aides quantification of shallow mono‐ and polyisotopic implants. This technique helps mitigate matrix effects and keeps measurement conditions consistent. Depth profile acquisition times are longer, but if sample matrices are homogeneous, procedural changes can decrease measurement times.
Application of percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with da Vinci Xi robot in complicated upper urinary tract repair surgery: A case report
Authors: Zeng Sheng , Xu Zhikao , Li Yaowen , Liu Qian
Published: December 2022

Duplex kidney and ureter is a congenital malformation. Few patients present with hydronephrosis caused by obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction of the duplex kidney, but lower kidney calculi caused by a duplex kidney abnormality is rare. This study reports a case of a duplex kidney and ureter complicated by multiple calculi in the duplex lower kidney. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with a da Vinci robot‐assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract reconstruction was performed. The lower ureter was resected, and the lower kidney was preserved. One year after the surgery, a follow‐up examination reported satisfactory renal function without hydronephrosis or calculi.
Design of sliding mode fault‐tolerant control for Markovian jump systems with probabilistic delay: A discrete partitioning strategy
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Kao Yonggui , Ran Guangtao , Wang Changhong
Published: December 2022

In this article, the finite‐time sliding mode control (SMC) issue is discussed for stochastic Markovian jump discrete systems (MJDSs) subject to actuator failure, probabilistic delay, and external disturbance. The phenomenon of actuator failure is characterized by utilizing an effectiveness factor and a stuck fault function. Our aim is to propose a new finite‐time sliding mode fault‐tolerant control (SMFTC) strategy for the corresponding closed‐loop system. Additionally, based upon the discrete partitioning strategy, the desired sliding mode controller is provided to drive the system from an initial state into the neighborhood of the prescribed sliding surface. Finally, the simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme obtained.
Robust fractional‐order fast terminal sliding mode control with fixed‐time reaching law for high‐performance nanopositioning
Authors: Wang Geng , Zhou Yongsheng , Ni Lei , Aphale Sumeet S.
Published: December 2022

For high‐performance trajectory tracking at the nanometer scales, this paper presents a new fast terminal sliding mode controller, which combines a recursive integer‐order non‐singular high‐order sliding manifold and a fractional‐order fast fixed‐time reaching law to ensure globally fast convergence, and adopts a time‐delay‐estimation (TDE) based disturbance estimator deeming the designed controller robust to parameter uncertainty. Stability of the designed controller is verified through the Lyapunov framework, where the full analyses of convergence region and settling time are also presented. The tracking performance is experimentally verified on a piezo‐stack driven nano‐positioning platform. To showcase the performance improvements, measured closed‐loop performance of the proposed controller is contrasted with those obtained using three benchmark control approaches namely the basic Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID), the popular Positive Position Feedback with Integral action (PPF+I), and the traditional linear sliding mode controller (LSMC).
On the role and nature of alliance management capability in family business: Empirical evidence from a developing market
Authors: Nasr Abdalhamed , Al‐Tabbaa Omar
Published: December 2022

Despite the research on alliance management capability (AMC) has evolved in recent years, we still lack a clear understanding of its antecedents and performance outcomes in the context of family businesses, a setting that is inherently different from a typical firm‐to‐firm corporation. Collecting data from the Libyan family firms sector, we found that alliance experience, family culture (as internal antecedence), and political instability (as external antecedence) are crucial for AMC development, where the latter has a significant effect on the alliance performance of these firms. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study.
Whole‐genome sequencing based discovery of candidate genes and diagnostic markers for seed weight in groundnut
Authors: Gangurde Sunil S. , Khan Aamir W. , Janila Pasupuleti , Variath Murali T. , Manohar Surendra S. , Singam Prashant , Chitikineni Annapurna , Varshney Rajeev K. , Pandey Manish K.
Published: December 2022

Seed weight in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has direct impact on yield as well as market price because of preference for bold seeds by consumers and industry, thereby making seed‐size improvement as one of the most important objectives of groundnut breeding programs globally. Marker‐based early generation selection can accelerate the process of breeding for developing large‐seeded varieties. In this context, we deployed the quantitative trait locus‐sequencing (QTL‐seq) approach on a biparental mapping population (Chico × ICGV 02251) to identify candidate genes and develop markers for seed weight in groundnut. A total of 289.4–389.4 million reads sequencing data were generated from three libraries (ICGV 02251 and two extreme bulks) achieving 93.9–95.1% genome coverage and 8.34–9.29× average read depth. The analysis of sequencing data using QTL‐seq pipeline identified five genomic regions (three on chromosome B06 and one each on chromosomes B08 and B09) for seed weight. Detailed analysis of above associated genomic regions detected 182 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genic and intergenic regions, and 11 of these SNPs were nonsynonymous in the genomic regions of 10 candidate genes including Ulp proteases and BIG SEED locus genes. Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers for 14 SNPs were developed, and four of these markers (snpAH0031, snpAH0033, snpAH0037, and snpAH0038) were successfully validated for deployment in breeding for large‐seeded groundnut varieties.
Quantification of wind turbine energy loss due to leading‐edge erosion through infrared‐camera imaging, numerical simulations, and assessment against SCADA and meteorological data
Authors: Panthi Keshav , Iungo Giacomo Valerio
Published: December 2022

Quantification of the performance degradation on the annual energy production (AEP) of a wind farm due to leading‐edge (LE) erosion of wind turbine blades is important to design cost‐effective maintenance plans and timely blade retrofit. In this work, the effects of LE erosion on horizontal axis wind turbines are quantified using infrared (IR) thermographic imaging of turbine blades, as well as meteorological and SCADA data. The average AEP loss of turbines with LE erosion is estimated from SCADA and meteorological data to be between 3% and 8% of the expected power capture. The impact of LE erosion on the average power capture of the turbines is found to be higher at lower hub‐height wind speeds (peak around 50% of the turbine rated wind speed) and at lower turbulence intensity of the incoming wind associated with stable atmospheric conditions. The effect of LE erosion is investigated with IR thermography to identify the laminar to turbulent transition (LTT) position over the airfoils of the turbine blades. Reduction in the laminar flow region of about 85% and 87% on average in the suction and pressure sides, respectively, is observed for the airfoils of the investigated turbines with LE erosion. Using the observed LTT locations over the airfoils and the geometry of the blade, an average AEP loss of about 3.7% is calculated with blade element momentum simulations, which is found to be comparable with the magnitude of AEP loss estimated through the SCADA data.
Automation of Cybersecurity Work
Authors: Varga Stefan , Sommestad Teodor , Brynielsson Joel
Published: December 2022

This chapter examines the conditions for automation of cybersecurity work roles, and the probabilities of them being automated. Further, variables that limit the automation potential for current cybersecurity roles are reviewed. Based on a well-established and widely adopted reference resource that lists typical skill requirements and duties of cybersecurity workers, an assessment of the susceptibility for automation of cybersecurity work was performed by an expert panel. All cybersecurity work descriptions were ranked in terms of proneness for automation according to four criteria: requirements for creativity, social interaction, physical work, and the existence of relevant statistical training data. It was found that technical roles, for example database administrators and data analysts, are easiest to automate. Roles associated with management and accountability, for example, legal advisors and cyber operations planners, are more difficult to automate. Finally, requirements for physical work is a negligible factor when it comes to cybersecurity work automation.
Underestimating microplastics? Quantification of the recovery rate of microplastic particles including sampling, sample preparation, subsampling, and detection using µ-Ramanspectroscopy
Authors: Weber Felix , Kerpen Jutta
Published: December 2022

This study is one of the first to investigate the recovery rate of high- and low-density microplastic particles (polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene) from wastewater treatment plant effluents or comparable technical facilities under nearly realistic experimental conditions. For this purpose, a method of continuous dosing of microplastic particles into an experimental flume for open-channel flow was developed. Subsequently, 12 samples were taken using volume-reduced sampling and the entire sample purification process including oxidative treatment (with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite), density separation (with sodium polytungstate), and subsampling was carried out. Detection was conducted using automatic particle recognition and µ-Ramanspectroscopy. An average recovery rate of 27 ± 10% was determined for polypropylene microplastic particles (d = 53 ± 29 µm), decreasing with the particle size, and 78 ± 14% for polyvinyl chloride microplastic particles (d = 151 ± 37 µm). The results suggest that microplastic emissions from wastewater treatment plants are underestimated, particularly because the recovery rate of small microplastic particles < 50 µm is only 9%.