bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-occurring Hydrocephalus and Polygenic Risk in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Danish Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Munch Tina Nørgaard , Hedley Paula , Hagen Christian Munch , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Grove Jakob , Nordentoft Merete , Børglum Anders D. , Mortensen Preben B. , Werge Thomas M. , Melbye Mads , Hougaard David M. , Christiansen Michael
Published: July 2020

Background

The association between autism spectrum disorder and hydrocephalus is not well understood, despite demonstrated links between autism spectrum disorder and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. Based on the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorder and hydrocephalus may, at least in some cases, be two manifestations of a shared congenital brain pathology, we investigated the potential association between autism spectrum disorder and hydrocephalus in a large Danish population-based cohort, and whether the polygenic risk scores for autism spectrum disorder changed as a function of the presence of hydrocephalus.
Methods

Patients and controls were obtained from the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research iPSYCH2012 case-cohort, which includes all patients with selected psychiatric disorders born in Denmark 1981–2005 along with randomly selected population controls (end of follow-up, December 31, 2016). The associations between individual psychiatric disorders and hydrocephalus were estimated using binary logistic regression with adjustment for age and sex. Polygenic risk scores for autism spectrum disorder were used to compare the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorder as a function of the presence of hydrocephalus.
Results

The cohort consisted of 86,571 individuals, of which 14,654 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, 28,606 were population controls, and the remaining were diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. We identified 201 hydrocephalus cases; 68 among autism spectrum disorder patients and 40 among controls (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.48–5.78). The autism spectrum disorder-hydrocephalus association was significant over the entire subgroup spectrum of autism spectrum disorder. The presence of hydrocephalus did not markedly influence the polygenic risk scores in patients with autism spectrum disorder, which may indicate overlapping genetic architectures or other common aetiology.
Conclusions

Given the very strong association, we suggest that patients with autism spectrum disorder should be evaluated for co-occurring hydrocephalus on a routine basis as timely neurosurgical intervention is important. Further clarification of the genetic aetiology of both diseases, may help in elucidating shared genetic pathways between autism spectrum disorder and hydrocephalus, and it may elucidate the role of abnormal CSF dynamics in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders.
Effects of lingual site toothbrushing on periodontal disease in the elderly: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Byung Ik , Lee Jae-young , Jin Bo-Hyoung
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between periodontitis and toothbrushing on the lingual surfaces of teeth (lingual toothbrushing) among community dwelling Korean elders.Methods: A total of 150 elderly participants (34 males and 116 females) from Seoul, Korea, were cross-sectionally examined. Socio-demographic, habitual, and systemic health-related factors were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for outcomes of periodontitis.Results: Oral health activities including lingual toothbrushing were closely correlated with oral health status. Lingual toothbrushing demonstrated a significant association with periodontitis. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 8.98 (1.30-62.15) with inclusion of demographic status, systemic health status, oral health activity, and oral health status.Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate that lingual toothbrushing is associated with periodontitis in the elderly. The importance of lingual toothbrushing should be emphasized in oral health education.
Cardiac Strains for Prediction of Adverse Events and Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Lu Yuan , Huo Jessica C. , Wang Zhi , Yang Fan , Fang Shu , Qiu Lin , Qiu Jianxing , Huo Yong
Published: July 2020

Background: Cardiac strains were assumed to accurately predict adverse events after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There are, however, some debates on it. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cardiac strains obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) on cardiac events and adverse LV remodeling.Methods: A prospective and two-center study included STEMI patients treated with primary PCI with implantation of stents. They underwent CMR before discharge. Major adverse cardiac events and LV remodeling were obtained during 6 months follow-up.Results: Between February 2015 and September 2016, 76 patients were available for the final analysis. We reported major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate 23.7% using cardiac death, reinfarction, unplanned revascularization and heart failure as combined events in 6 months follow-up. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) can predict MACE independently, with OR=1.229 (1.087-1.390) and P=0.001. Moreover, GLS can predict LV remodeling independently, with OR=1.943 (1.133-3.334) and P=0.016.Conclusion: In patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI, CMR-determined GLS before discharge is a good predictor of MACE and adverse LV remodeling in 6 months follow-up.
Psychological Impact of a Pandemic Widespread in Healthcare Workers: The Italian and Swiss Perspective Early After of CoVid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Uccella Laura , Majno-Hurst Pietro , Uccella Sara , Pavan Luca Jacopo , Uccella Stefano , Zoia Cesare , Mongelli Francesco
Published: July 2020

Background. We investigated the COVID19-related psychological impact in healthcare workers three weeks after its onset in Italy and in Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland. All professional groups of public hospitals in Italy and Switzerland were asked to complete a 38 questions online survey investigating demographic, marital and working status, presence of stress symptoms and need for psychological support. Results. Within 38 hours a total of 3,038 responses were collected. The subgroup analysis identified specific categories at risk according to age, type of work and region of origin. Critical care workers, in particular females, reported an increased number of working hours, decline in confidence in the future, presence of stress symptoms and need for psychological support. People reporting stress symptoms and those with children declared a higher need for psychological support. Conclusions. The large number of participants in such a short time advocates for a high interest on topic among hospital workers. The COVID19 outbreak could have been and still be a repeated trauma for many health professionals, with risk of future psychiatric sequelae. It is of outstanding importance to implement short and long-term measures to mitigate impact of the emotional burden of this pandemic while at the same time dealing with its clinical challenges.
Neurological involvement in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis related to MARS mutations
Authors: Aoust Laura , Desguerre Isabelle , Boddaert Nathalie , Hadchouel Alice
Published: July 2020

Background. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis related to MARS mutations is a rare multisystemic disease with an onset in early infancy. Among extra-respiratory features, neurological involvement was progressively discovered in children. We aimed at describing clinical and radiological neurological features in these patients. Results. Delay in walking acquisition was noted in 61.5% and 53.8% of patients had microcephaly and speech delay. Two lesions were recurrent on brain MRI either isolated or in combination: punctiforme white matter hypersignals and periventricular pseudocysts. Conclusions. By reporting particular recurrent lesions on brain MRI, we extend the phenotypic spectrum of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis related to MARS mutations. These new data highlight the importance of neurological follow-up and appropriate management in these patients.
Spatial Ability in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its Impact on Executive Functions.
Authors: Soluki Solmaz , Nejati Vahid , Fathabadi Jalil
Published: July 2020

Background

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in cognitive functions. Spatial ability (SA) which plays a crucial role in different domains of academic and daily life is constructed with eight separate and unified factors.
Method:

The first objective of this study was to explore differences in SA factors in 128 school children of third to sixth grade with and without ADHD. The second objective of the study was to explore the SA factors' ability to predict the performance of ADHD participants in three executive functions. The Flexibility of Closure, Closure Speed, Perceptual Speed, Visualization, Spatial Relation, Spatial Orientation, Spatial Temporal, and Wayfinding were measured through eight tasks.
Results

Participants with ADHD were less accurate in all the tasks except Spatial Temporal task, and their reaction time was more in Visualization, Spatial Relation, and Spatial Orientation tasks comparing to children with typical development. Regression analysis exhibited that some of SA factors were able to predict working memory and cognitive flexibility, but they could not predict response inhibition.
Conclusion

Regarding these results, it seems necessary for specialists to include assessment of all SA factors and to train them in cognitive rehabilitation programs for children with ADHD.
Survival analysis in assessment of influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on probability and intensity of decline in the value of stock indices
Authors: Bieszk-Stolorz Beata , Dmytrów Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study is to assess the strength of the world stock exchanges reaction to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic at the turn of 2019-2020. The risk and intensity of the decline in the values of the basic stock indices were analysed. The spreading pandemic within a few months covered all continents and had a significant impact on the socio-economic situation of all countries. The study used methods of duration analysis. The time of the 20% drop in stock market indices was studied. This is a value that is taken as a sign of crisis. Kaplan-Meier's estimator was used to assess the probability of indices' value decrease. The risk of decline was determined by means of a logit model and the intensity of the decline was determined by means of an empirical hazard estimator and a Cox proportional hazard model. The intensity and risk of decline of stock indices varied from continent to continent. The intensity was highest in the fourth and eighth week after the peak and was highest on European exchanges and then American and Asian exchanges (including Australia). The risk of falling stock indices was highest in America, followed by Europe, Asia and Australia, and lowest in Africa. Half of the analysed indices recorded a 20-percent drop in value after 52 days (median duration). The study is a prelude to further analyses related to the crisis and the normalisation of the situation on world stock exchanges. It allows to learn about the impact of the pandemic on the economic situation and to detect differences between the continents. The methods from the survival analysis are used in the study to assess the impact of the pandemic on the intensity and risk of decline in stock exchange indices.
“…the availability of contraceptives is everywhere.”: Coordinated Family Planning Service Delivery in Rwanda Facilitates Integration of Family Planning into Other Health Services
Authors: Scanteianu Adriana , SCHWANDT HILARY MEGAN , Boulware Angel , Corey Julia , Herrera Ana , Hudler Ethan , Imbabazi Claudette , King Ilia , Linus Jessica , Manzi Innocent , Merrit Maddie , Mezier Lyn , Miller Abigail , Morris Haley , Musemakweli Dieudonne , Musekura Uwase , Mutuyimana Divine , Ntakarutimana Chimene , Patel Nirali , Shemeza Biganette-Evidente , Sterling-Donaldson Gi’anna , Umutoni Chantal , Uwera Liz , Zeiler Madeleine , Feinberg Seth
Published: July 2020

BackgroundHigh fertility rates pose health risks to both mothers and children and impede economic growth; therefore, family planning use is vital to achieving sustainable population growth and to help build thriving communities. Contraceptive use in Rwanda has tripled since 2005. This study aims to understand the role of coordinated and integrated family planning service delivery in achieving this unparalleled success in Rwanda. MethodsThis qualitative study in 2018 included eight focus group discussions with family planning providers and 32 in-depth interviews with experienced family planning users.ResultsResults indicate a well-coordinated family planning service delivery system with community health workers and nurses filling different and complementary roles in meeting family planning client needs at the local level. In addition, integration of family planning into other maternal and child health services is the norm. ConclusionsThe coordination and integration of family planning across both providers and services may help explain the extraordinary increase in Rwanda’s contraceptive usage, and has potential applications for enhancing family planning service delivery in other settings as well.
Gunshot injuries: patterns, presentations, and outcomes of civilian hospital experiences in a developing country setting
Authors: GISMALLA MOHAMED Daffalla Awadalla , Bakhiet Mohammed , Koko Mohammedbabalrahma , Kabbashi Abdelrahim
Published: July 2020

BackgroundGunshot injuries are considered a burden as well as one of the intricate emergencies in civilian medical practice. In this study we aim to determine the pattern of presentation and management outcome in a general hospital in a sub-Saharan country.MethodsThis is a retrospective, hospital-based study conducted between January 2015- December 2019 in a general teaching hospital, to review the clinical presentation and management outcome of gunshot injuries. All patients’ records were reviewed during the study period.ResultsOne hundred fifty-seven patients were included in the study, with male predominant 83%. 40% are between 19-30 years of age, with patients under 18 years of age comprising 17% of the population. The anatomical sites most commonly affected by gunshot were the lower limb (41.4%) and upper limb (22.9%), and the least impacted site is the perineum (1.9%). The most common diagnoses among the patients in this study were limb fractures (49.7%) and soft tissue injuries (28.7%). Specific treatment in this study is wound debridement, which was done for 91 (58.0 %) patients. Bone fixation, laparotomy and chest tube insertion were done for the rest of the patients. More than 120 (75%) of patients were treated and discharge in a good condition and 27 (17.2%). The mortality rate in this study group was 15.3 %.Conclusion Most of the patient in this study were young males. Upper and lower limb fractures are the most common presentations. Wound debridement, bone fixation and laparotomy are the most common treatments with significant success rates, despite prolonged hospital stay.
Oseltamivir, Lopinavir/ritonavir and Reduning May Improve Survival of COVID-19 Patients With High-risk
Authors: zeng zhiyong , Wu Chaohui , Lin Zhenlv , Ye Yong , Feng Shaodan , Fang Yingying , Huang Yanmei , Li Minhua , Du Debing , Chen Gongping , Kang Dezhi
Published: July 2020

Background

No therapeutics have demonstrated specific efficacy for patients with COVID-19.
Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 351 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Yichang from 9 January to 25 March, 2020.Univariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were employed to identify risk factors associated with progression, which were then incorporated into the nomogram. Survival of patients between high-risk and low-risk groups was compared by kaplan-Meier analysis. Moreover, we assessed the effects of existing common drugs on survival of patients with high-risk.
Results

Based on the LASSO, four variables (white blood cell, C-reactive protein, whether lymphocyte ≥ 0.8 × 109/L, and whether lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 400 U/L) were selected for construction of the nomogram. Patients in the total cohort were stratified into low-risk group (total point < 160) and high-risk group (total point ≥ 160). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that there was significant difference in survival of patients between high-risk and low-risk groups (8-week survival rate: 71.41% vs 100%, P < 0.0001). Among the common drugs, we found that patients with high-risk received oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir or Reduning injection exhibited better survival. The combination of these three drugs showed the effect of improving survival, although single drug may have no effect in different grouping analysis.
Conclusions

The combination of oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and Reduning injection may improve survival of COVID-19 patients with high-risk identified by our simple-to-use nomogram.
Dilemma of Interpretation of High Sensitivity Troponin in Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Al-assaf Omar Yousef , Abbas Anas A. , BinBrek Azan Salem , Alkazim Hind H. , Benny Sam Codampallil
Published: July 2020

Background: Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) diagnosis is dependent on elevation of high sensitivity troponin (hs-troponin). The current cutoff point for hs-troponin is highly sensitive but not specific for detecting obstructive myocardial infarction. Our aim is to better risk stratify patients by determining the significance of the current cut off point hs-troponin in determining obstructive myocardial infarction. Methods: We studied 202 patients. All patients were assessed for their demographics, clinical history, laboratory and imaging results. Using SPSS version 22, the pooled cohort of patients were analyzed at significant level <0.05 and the data were test for significant correlations between two predetermined groups; A and B. Group A included patients with positive coronary angiography (CAG) results who had obstructive coronary artery disease and required intervention, and group B included patients with negative CAG results who had normal or near normal coronary arteries that required no intervention. Results: Group A comprised 87.6% of the patients. Both groups had a median age of 53 years. In Group A, 91% were males, 54% were diabetics, 54% hypertensives and median hs-troponin was 145 ng/L. While in group B, 88% were males, 39% were diabetics, 60% hypertensives, and median hs-troponin was 54 ng/L. There is significant correlation between the two groups in the percentage of diabetes and median troponin level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A ROC curve was generated and identified a level of 127 ng/dL as the best cutoff of hs-troponin in detecting obstructive myocardial infarction (p=0.03). Interestingly, 60% of patients in group B had alternative diagnosis.
Early prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
in associated with complex cardiac anomalies and heterotaxy syndrome
Authors: N.L. Pavlova , V.A. Andreeva , A.Y. Blinov et all
Published: July 2020

The case of early prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with
complex cardiac anomalies and heterotaxy syndrome at 14 weeks 6 days of gestation is presented.
Keanekaragaman Spesies Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) pada Habitat Eko-wisata Taman Bunga Merangin Garden Bangko Jambi
Authors: Kurniawan Bayu , Apriani Rila Rahma , Cahayu Srianika
Published: July 2020

Butterflies play an important role in the balance of ecosystems and function as a bioindicator for clean/healthy environment. Degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats threat the population of butterflies. Habitat conservation through eco-tourism is an way to keep the existance butterfly species. This study aims to identify the  butterflies species, analyze species diversity, and abundance of butterflies (Lepidoptera) in the eco-tourism habitat of Merangin Garden Bangkang Jambi flower garden. Sampling was carried out five times at December 2018 to March 2019 using insect net. A total of 3 families from 16 species found. The species that dominated was Junonia orithya with 88 individuals (16.4%). The biodiversity value of butterflies species was 2.68. Diversity index is the lowest level of diversity. The types of flowers that bloom affect the high or low diversity index values. The most of butterflies found at 7.30 - 9.30 AM.
The establishment and first experiences of a crisis advisory service for water supplies in Norway
Authors: Hyllestad Susanne , Lund Vidar , Nygård Karin , Aavitsland Preben , Vold Line
Published: July 2020

Water supply systems, in particular small-scale water supply systems, are vulnerable to adverse events that may jeopardise safe drinking water. The consequences of contamination events or the failure of daily operations may be severe, affecting many people. In Norway, a 24-hour crisis advisory service was established in 2017 to provide advice on national water supplies. Competent and expert advisors from water suppliers throughout the country assist other water suppliers and individuals who may be in need of advice during an adverse event. This paper describes the establishment of this service and experiences from the first three years of its operation. Since the launch of the service, water suppliers across Norway have consulted it approximately one to two times a month for advice, in particular about contamination events and near misses. The outcomes have helped to improve guidance on water hygiene issues at the national level.
Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine dye removal from aqueous solution using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent
Authors: Kazemi Mostafa , Zolgharnein Javad
Published: July 2020

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) are used as an efficient adsorbent to remove cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) dye from aqueous solutions. The characterization of adsorbent is investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) technique. To optimize the effective factors, response surface methodology (RSM) through using Box–Behnken design (BBD) is applied. By proper running of the Desirability function option in MINITAB software, the optimum conditions were found as pH 3.2, adsorbent mass (m) 11 mg, contact time of nine minutes (t), and initial dye concentration (Cd) of 30 mg L−1. Isotherm studies of the adsorption process are carried out where the Langmuir isotherm shows the maximum monolayer capacity (qmax) is 431 mg g−1. The kinetic studies including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models indicate that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes better the adsorption kinetic behavior. This study shows that CoFe2O4 NPs have excellent potential for the removal of CoPc dye from an aqueous solution.
Pragmatyczne i ideowe aspekty turystyki zrównoważonej
Authors: Mosz Jakub
Published: July 2020

Turystyka zrównoważona nie jest uznawana za formę turystyki. Kategoria „turystyki zrównoważonej” jest zatem kategorią aksjologiczną. Wyraża pewien ideał odnoszący się do obrazu społeczeństwa idealnego. Pojęcie „turystyki zrównoważonej” ma status idei uniwersalnej. W modelu turystyki zrównoważonej akcentuje się potrzeby społeczne, ekonomiczne i estetyczne. Nie są one symetrycznie rozłożone między tymi grupami podmiotów. Turystyka zrównoważona traktowana jako model odnoszący się do całej praktyki turystycznej człowieka musi zawierać w sobie przyzwolenie dla ograniczania rozwoju i form turystyki w imię zachowania dóbr wyjątkowych i dla człowieka uniwersalnych. Istotowym dla problematyki turystyki zrównoważonej wydaje sie byc pytanie: Czy turystyka zrównoważona ma dostosować sie do zasad działania obowiązujących we współczesnej cywilizacji czy ma być wzorem działania, który przyniesie zamiany w całej społecznej przestrzeni współczesności? Hasła odnoszące się do sprawiedliwego i równego podziału dochodu z turystyki mają wydźwięk tak społeczny jak i polityczny, odnajdowany w wielu ideologiach rewolucyjnych. Idea turystyki zrównoważonej wskazuje na związek między możliwościami zaspokojenia powszechnej potrzeby podróżowania a konieczności ochrony i zachowania świata, w którym owe podróże się urzeczywistniają. Koncepcja turystyki zrównoważonej wydaje się mieć charakter etosu społecznego akcentującego gatunkową solidarność człowieka biorącego odpowiedzialność za tworzony przez siebie porządek społeczny i otrzymane dziedzictwo kulturowe i przyrodnicze. Istotną kwestią wydaje się być natura owej ortodoksji zrównoważenia.
The Current State of Potential Therapeutic Modalities for Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Clinical Review
Authors: Mohtashami Elmira , Shafaei-Bajestani Negar , Mollazadeh Hamid , Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Jalili-Nik Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Afshari Amir R.
Published: July 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as the most lethal brain tumor, continues to be incurable. Considering
the high mortality rate of GBM, it is crucial to develop new treatment approaches. Conventional therapies, including
maximal surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (typically temozolomide), have not led to
significant changes in the survival rates of GBM patients. However, emerging modalities, such as the use of tyrosine
kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, NF-κB modulators, nitrosoureas, and immunotherapeutic agents have shown
promising in improving GBM outcomes. In this context, we reviewed the current status of GBM treatment, the
efficacy of existing standard therapies in improving disease outcomes, and future therapeutic directions.
Functional Food with Some Health Benefits, So Called Superfood: A Review
Authors: Gupta Ena , Mishra Pragya
Published: July 2020

The possible beneficial properties of functional foods are due to their content in bioactive
ingredients, with specific biological properties. A number of processed functional foods are available
in the market - probiotic yogurt, calcium and ω-3 fatty acids enriched orange juice and milk. Simultaneously,
new research studies confer potential health benefits of various conventional foods (salmon,
berries, green tea, vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals and breads, etc.) termed as “superfood” which
is a marketing term and there is no established medical definition. Following suitable dietary patterns,
superfood reduces the risk of degenerative diseases by promoting physical and emotional
health. Scientific evidences suggest that superfoods are a dense source of antioxidants, minerals, vitamins
and other nutrients. There is insufficient research on the exact explanation of the term ‘superfood’and
its health claims by different companies without any legislation. This buzz word has created
confusion among consumers, that how much and what quantity should make a food superfood, as
no single food may be as nutritious to be stated as a superfood. This article introduces further investigation
on superfood which was categorized on the basis of their major constituents and potential
health benefits. Further, there is a need for more reviews, researches, clinical trials and human case
studies to investigate or test superfood.
Designing and Developing a Questionnaire on Autistic Learning Environment
Authors: Ghazali Roslinda , Md Sakip Siti Rasidah , Samsuddin Ismail
Published: July 2020

Designing and developing a new questionnaire as an instrument used in data collection need a longer time to establish. This paper describes the processes involved in designing and developing the questionnaire. This instrument is to measure awareness and knowledge among who involves in the autistic learning environment. The survey must be both valid and reliable. The researcher refers to the expertise to check the quality of the tool. Each expert independently evaluated the relevance, clarity, and the understandability of the instrument. The overall content of the questionnaire comprises of sensory stimulation, sensory sensitivity, sensory design, and physical learning environment.
Магнитно-резонансная силовая спектроскопия колебаний магнитного вихря
Authors: Миронов В.Л. , Скороходов Е.В. , Татарский Д.А. , Пашенькин И.Ю.
Published: July 2020

We present the results of micromagnetic modeling and experimental magnetic resonance force spectroscopy studies of forced magnetization oscillations in a circle NiFe disk in an external longitudinal magnetic field. The main attention is paid to the low-frequency resonance associated with the gyrotropic motion of the magnetic vortex core. It is shown that the applying external magnetic field in the plane of the sample leads to a significant shift in the resonance frequency of the gyrotropic mode. The influence of the inhomogeneous magnetic field of the probe on the peculiarities of the magnetization oscillations is discussed.
Широкополосные зеркала для спектрогелиографов солнечной обсерватории "КОРТЕС"
Authors: Гарахин С.А. , Барышева М.М. , Вишняков Е.А. , Зуев С.Ю. , Кириченко А.С. , Кузин С.В. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Свечников М.В. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: July 2020

Представлены результаты разработки, изготовления и анализа широкополосных Mo/Si многослойных зеркал для спектрогелиографов солнечной обсерватории "КОРТЕС", работающих в спектральных диапазонах 17-21 и 28-33 nm. Показаны преимущества стекового подхода. Приведены результаты измерений отражательных характеристик зеркал. Ключевые слова: ЭУФ, спектрогелиограф, солнечная корона, широкополосные зеркала, апериодические зеркала, стековые структуры, рефлектометр с лазерно-плазменным источником.
Микроструктура переходных границ в многослойных Мо/Ве-системах
Authors: Смертин Р.М. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И. , Юнин П.А. , Тригуб А.Л.
Published: July 2020

The microstructure of Mo / Be multilayer periodic systems was studied by X-ray reflectivity and diffractometry and EXAFS spectroscopy. It was found that in the Mo / Be system, mixed zones of different compositions form at the boundaries. At the Mo-on-Be border, there is a mixed zone, similar in composition to MoBe22, and at the Be-on-Mo border, with MoBe2. As a result of thermal annealing for one hour, the structure of the transition boundaries in the multilayer system remains stable. With further annealing, diffusion processes occur that lead to the formation of another compound at the interface — MoBe2, instead of MoBe22, however, the period of the structure remains unchanged. This behavior explains the increase in the reflection coefficient of Mo / Be mirrors after annealing for one hour and a further decrease in the reflection coefficient with a longer annealing time.
Трековая мембрана как фазовый тест-объект для рентгеновской области спектра
Authors: Митрофанов А.В. , Попов А.В. , Прокопович Д.В.
Published: July 2020

Рассмотрена задача о прохождении плоской волны рентгеновского излучения через однородную полимерную пленку со сквозным отверстием субмикронного радиуса --- участка стандартной трековой мембраны с цилиндрическими порами. Для оценки интенсивности проходящей волны использовано скалярное параболическое уравнение Леонтовича-Фока. Его численным решением получены пространственное распределение амплитуды поля и возмущение волнового фронта в окрестности поры и за ее пределами на длине волны 0.154 nm в зависимости от размеров наноотверстия и толщины пленки. Показано, что трековая мембрана, а также ее неорганическая реплика могут служить высококонтрастным прецизионным тест-объектом для изучения характеристик фазово-контрастного рентгеновского микроскопа и схем восстановления изображения. Ключевые слова: рентгеновская оптика, фазово-контрастная рентгеновская микроскопия, фазовые тестовые нанообъекты, трековые мембраны, метод параболического уравнения в рентгеновской оптике.
Глубокая рентгеновская рефлектометрия сверхмногопериодных A3B5-структур с квантовыми ямами, выращиваемых методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии
Authors: Горай Л.И. , Пирогов Е.В. , Соболев М.С. , Поляков Н.К. , Дашков А.С. , Свечников М.В. , Буравлев А.Д.
Published: July 2020

We studied the elastically strained AlGaAs/GaAs super-multiperiod (SMP – 100–1000 periods) superlattices with different degrees of doping and a small difference in the period thickness. The proposed characterization technique, consisting of the matched application of the deep X-ray reflectometry method, based on a rigorous calculation method, as well as the well-known high-resolution X-ray reflectometry method, made it possible to study 100-period structures with 2-nm wide Al0.3Ga0.7As barriers and 10-nm wide GaAs wells and to determine the layer thicknesses and the blurring of interfaces with high accuracy. It can be considered as the first step in the further analysis of thick structures using bright sources of synchrotron radiation. The difference between the expected and obtained, as a result of restoration by the proposed method, values of the layer thicknesses was several percent, including for samples with a high degree of doping (up to 10^18 cm^−3). All SMP structures are characterized by sharp interfaces with a standard deviation of the order of 0.1 nm. Based on the thickness data obtained, it is possible to accurately determine the composition of the layers using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry.
Фазовый переход сегнетоэлектрика нитрата калия в нанопористой матрице
Authors: Марков Ю.Ф. , Егоров В.М. , Рогинский Е.М. , Стукова Е.В.
Published: July 2020

Методом дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии выполнено прецизионное исследование KNO3, введенного в силикатную нанопористую матрицу. Обнаружены и исследованы пики теплоемкости, связанные с сегнетоэлектрическими фазовыми переходами. В рамках теории размытых фазовых переходов изучены характеристики этих переходов. Высказано предположение, что существует минимальный размер пор в нанокомпозите, при котором KNO3 при комнатной температуре будет находиться полностью в сегнетоэлектрическом состоянии. Ключевые слова: фазовые переходы, сегнетоэлектрик, нитрат калия, теплоемкость.
Ядерные тормозные способности изотопов водорода и гелия в бериллии, углероде и вольфраме
Authors: Зиновьев А.Н. , Бабенко П.Ю.
Published: July 2020

The nuclear stopping power of hydrogen isotopes and helium in Be, C, W materials, which are promising for use as the first wall of a tokamak-reactor, are calculated. It is shown that the presence of an attractive well in the potential significantly affects the dependence of nuclear stopping power on the collision energy. The use of potentials calculated in the density functional theory with an attractive well allowed us to obtain more accurate values of the nuclear stopping power for hydrogen isotopes, which at low energies differ by 27-60% from the reference data. The results for different hydrogen isotopes are well described by a universal curve.
Влияние отжига и дополнительной деформации на механические свойства ультрамелкозернистого сплава Al-1.5Cu
Authors: Мавлютов А.М. , Орлова Т.С. , Яппарова Э.Х.
Published: July 2020

The mechanical properties of the ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al–1.5Cu (wt.%) alloy were investigated. The UFG structure was obtained using high pressure torsion (HPT) technique. UFG alloy demonstrates high values of microhardness (1690 MPa), yield strength (515 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (655 MPa), but low ductility (~3%). Subsequent short-term annealing at 150 °C and additional HPT deformation to 0.25 rotations resulted in some decrease in ultimate tensile strength to 450 MPa, which was ~70% of the value before annealing but provided high ductility (~22%). The results suggests a high potential for practical application of the material. The proposed approach can be an universal effective way to achieve combination of high strength and high ductility for various UFG materials.
Bóg, Kościół i świat wobec Covid-19
Authors: Jeziorski Sławomir
Published: July 2020

Czas pandemii jest wyzwaniem dla całej ludzkości. Kościół, który żyje w świecie, jest wezwany do tego, aby wraz z całą ludzkością przeżywać te same doświadczenia, odczytując je jednak w świetle wiary. Jedną z form wyrazu takiej lektury wydarzeń jest liturgia, w której Kościół, zwracając się do Boga, opowiada Mu to, czego doświadcza, i prosi o pomoc właściwą dla danej sytuacji. W takim kontekście powstał formularz mszalny na czas pandemii. Treść modlitw w nim zawartych odsłania jasne linie teologiczne, które mogą pomóc przeżywać w chrześcijański sposób ten czas próby. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą hermeneutycznej lektury kolekty wyżej wspomnianego formularza. Analizy, które zostały zaprezentowane w tekście, prowadzą do konkluzji teologicznych, w których zostały ujęte podstawowe zagadnienia takie jak obraz Boga, tożsamość wierzących, treść chrześcijańskiej modlitwy oraz styl życia, który taka modlitwa inspiruje.
Responses to student plagiarism in higher education across Europe
Authors: Glendinning Irene
Published: July 2020

A significant amount of research has been undertaken in response to high levels of student plagiarism in higher education institutions (HEI). New models have emerged over the last decade for strategies and systems for detection, penalties and mitigation, based on deeper understanding of the underlying reasons behind student plagiarism. Most research has been initiated by academics from English speaking countries, particularly from the UK, North America and Australia.

When the proposal for the Impact of Policies for Plagiarism in Higher Education across Europe (IPPHEAE ) project was developed during 2009 very little research had been conducted about the policies for academic integrity adopted by HEIs in the majority of countries in Europe. IPPHEAE, funded by the European Commission (2010–2013), included a comparative study of policies and procedures in place in HEIs across 27 European Union (EU) member states for handling aspects of academic integrity, focusing specifically on bachelor and master’s levels. The survey instruments were on online questionnaires, student focus groups, structured interviews and analysis of documentary evidence, designed with a view to capture a range of quantitative and qualitative responses from different perspectives.

Almost 5,000 responses were captured for the survey, mainly from online questionnaires, made available in 14 languages. Different questions were asked of students, teaching staff and senior managers, to determine how well institutional procedures were understood, to what extent they were operating as intended and whether there was consistency of outcomes within and between institutions. Interviews with researchers and people associated with national bodies and agencies responsible for higher education (HE) quality or academic integrity explored broader perspectives on issues such as national policies and how responses to plagiarism aligned with policies for quality and standards.

This paper presents results from the survey that focus specifically on institutional policies, highlighting examples of good practice and also areas of concern. The findings suggest that different approaches should be adopted according to the maturity of existing policies and systems in all the countries surveyed, to promote more effective assurance of quality, standards and academic integrity.
Student perspectives on source-code plagiarism
Authors: Joy M.S. , Sinclair J.E. , Boyatt R. , Yau J.Y-K. , Cosma G.
Published: July 2020

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 5th International Integrity and Plagiarism Conference, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK, July 2012 (Joy, Sinclair, Boyatt, Yau & Cosma 2012).

Prevention and detection of plagiarism has formed the basis of much research, but student perceptions on plagiarism are arguably not well understood. This is particularly the case in the computing disciplines. This paper considers two aspects of the student experience: (i) the types of plagiaristic activity that students engage in, and (ii) the specific understanding of what plagiarism means for students who write computer programmes. In a recent study, data were collected from published material (books, published papers, websites), and online formative quizzes and questionnaires used by universities to test student knowledge of what constitutes plagiarism. Facet analysis was used to classify the data into four initial categories (sources, actions, material, extrinsic). Further analysis suggested a refinement to six categories and 23 sub-categories which directly relate to the computing disciplines. In a further study a large-scale online questionnaire was carried out to obtain the perceptions of students on source-code plagiarism. Data were collected from 770 students studying at 21 higher education institutions in the UK and overseas. This study's results suggest that certain types of plagiaristic activity are poorly understood. This paper summarises and compares the results of these two studies and reflects on the implications for educating computing students about how they should avoid plagiarism.
Alteration of Mother’s Sexual Activity during Pregnancy
Authors: Samutri Erni
Published: July 2020

Background: Sexual activity during pregnancy is one of the significant issues for both pregnant women and health care provider, though rarely disclosed. Studies on this topic have been done broadly, though still no conclusion.

Objective: To analize the change of mother’s sexual activity before and during pregnancy and to describe resources used by mother to find information related to sexual activity during pregnancy.

Method: A descriptive cross sectional study conducted on pregnant mothers who undergo antenatal care at Tegalrejo public health center, Yogyakarta. Sample was determined using quota sampling which total sample was 78 partisipants (every trimester consist of 26 pregnant mothers) and not have significant health problem related to their pregnancy (e.g. high risk pregnancy condition, vaginal bleeding, etc.). Data was collected using Indonesian version of Pregnancy Sexuality and Respon Inventory (PSRI) questionnaire which reliable to used (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.714). Data were analyzed by paired t test. Significant change of sexual activity among trimesters was analyzed using post hoc.

Results: There was significant changes in biological aspect of mothers’ sexual activity before and during pregnancy, especially second (p 0.002) and third trimester (p 0.000) and the changes led to the decline. There was significant decline in emotional aspect of sexual activities of mothers in all trimesters of pregnancy (p<0.05). Meanwhile in physical aspect of sexual activities, there was significant decline in second (p 0.000) and third trimester (p 0.000). Respondents got information on sexual activities during pregnancy from numerous sources, but the most common was from health care provider (35.9%).
Conclusion: Providing the right informatian and consultation related this topic will help mother to understand their physiological change related to sexual activity and help mother and spouse to choose the right decision in doing sexual activity during pregnancy.
Achievement of Adolescent Development, Self Identity and Knowledge about the Dangers of Drug Abuse and Free Sex Through Health Education and Therapeutic Group Therapy
Authors: Zakiyah Zakiyah Zakiyah
Published: July 2020

Abstract

 

Adolescents whose identities have been reached tend to be more autonomous and creative, they also show a greater capacity to establish intimacy. On the other hand, if the process of achieving self-identity is experiencing obstacles, it can cause identity confusion. They can also experience various problems and have risky behaviors such as drug abuse and free sex. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of adolescents to achieve their development, identity, and to increase adolescent knowledge about the dangers of drug abuse and free sex. Method used was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest using purposive sampling technique on 21 teenagers at 49 Junior High School, Kramat Jati, East Jakarta . Results of the study are: (1) level of knowledge before and after intervention is obtained (6.76 ± 1.51 to 8.62 ± 1.59); (2) adolescent development before and after the intervention (42.57 ± 10.3 to 42 , 71 ± 2.95) with a significance level of 0.94 (t-test); (3) adolescent identity before and after the intervention (79.14 ± 13.41 - 86.43 ± 10.35) with a significance level of 0.01 (t-test). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there is no relationship between adolescent Therapeutic Group Therapy (TGT) with adolescent development, and there is a relationship between adolescent TGT and health education on identity and knowledge about the dangers of drug abuse and free sex.

 
Application of Peer Group Support with the Health Promotion Model Approach in Increasing Perceived Benefit Of Action and Perceived Self Efficacy
Authors: Khamida Khamida - , Budury Syiddatul , Nurjanah Siti - , Ainiyah Nur - , Zahroh Chilyatiz -
Published: July 2020

There are problem related to students health behavior in Islamic boarding school,  such as they do not washing their hand before they have their meals, hanging wet clothes in their room,  and they do not really care to the toilet hygiene.  The aims of  this research was to knowing the effect of peer group support to perceived benefit of action and perceived self efficacy by applying students lifestyle management using health promotion model approach. The design was quasy experimental, pre post test control group the population were students who stayed in Islamic boarding school in An Najiyah, As Syafiiyah and Al Jihad Surabaya, and the total sample was 150 student, 75 in control group, 75 in intervention group, the sample taken by simple random sampling.  In intervention group they’ve got health education and peer group support while the control only got health education by giving a student lifestyle management module. The independent variable was peer group support and dependent variable were perceived benefit of action and perceived self efficacy. The data taken by questionnaire and was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed test and Mann Whitney test. The result showed that after the treatment, students in intervention group have positive perceive benefit of action was 92%   and 100 % have high perceived self efficacy, meanwhile in control group there were 72% students who have negative perceived benefit of action and 60% have low perceived self efficacy. It means that peer group support could change the students perception and increasing self efficacy to set a going lifestyle management based on health promotion model approach. 
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Hatherley Joshua
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The dramatic effects of the novel coronavirus have been felt deeply worldwide. As of the time of writing, almost 600,000 lives have been lost, unemployment claims have reached record heights, and entire sectors of various economies have been largely shut down. Yet from tragedies of such grand scale, important lessons can be learned: about the economic structure of healthcare, about future systems of employment and government aid, and about the use of emerging technologies in medicine and healthcare. In this article, I focus upon the use of artificial intelligence in medicine, and identify two lessons that can be learned from the COVID-19 global health crisis. I argue that high-stakes scenarios like those emerging from COVID-19 pose an especially challenging tension between patient confidentiality and the efficacy of AI in medicine, and that confident predictions of cost-savings and greater efficiency ought to be eyed with suspicion.