bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Concerns about the Future of Children with Autism: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Ganjeh Fatemeh , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Riahi Forough , Mohammadi Eesa , Zarea Kourosh
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Regarding the growing trend of autism spectrum disorder, the complex and lifelong nature of it and concerns of parents about the life experience and caring for an autistic child, especially with regard to their future life, to provide a suitable environment for the child to enjoy human rights in life is one of the research priorities in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explain parents' experiences in explaining their concerns about the future of the child in life. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was performed on the parents of autistic children referred to Yas and Nahal rehabilitation centers in Arak and Ahvaz. A total of 8 parents of children with autism were enrolled in the study using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and field notes and analyzed using MAXQUDA10 software. Results:  The results of the data analysis have led to the emergence of three main categories "self-sufficiency and independency in life", "transition to adolescence" and "child education and learning", which outlines the different dimensions of parental concern related to the child in the future life. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, designing, organizing and implementing effective and efficient interventions in educational, therapeutic, rehabilitation, welfare, legal and social areas appropriate to the developmental stages of the child, with the aim of responding to the needs of people with autism spectrum disorders and their families are increasingly needed in the successful transition to the adulthood and  maintaining and promoting their well-being.
In Silico Docking Analysis of Poly Herbal Formulation Aadathodai Kudineer used in Siddha medicine in inhibiting Main Protease and ACE2 Receptor Spike protein SARS-CoV-2
Authors: J Nikil Niva , R Sasirekha , N Anbu , S Shree Devi M , P Sathiyarajeswaran
Published: January 2021

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious pandemic disease caused by the newly discovered novel corona virus. World Health Organization has declared the global health emergency due to COVID19 outbreak. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for fighting against this infectious disease. Aadathodai Kudineer is a drug indicated for Iya Erumal, Kozhai Kattu, Kabasuram. Upon the mortality and severity of the disease COVID19, we tried to identify the possible inhibition of phytocomponents of Aadathodai Kudineer in inhibiting Main Protease and ACE2 Receptor Spike protein SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking studies. Methodology: In Silico molecular docking analysis was performed for phytocomponents present in the Aadathodai Kudineer formulation for targets main protease and ACE2 Receptor Spike protein, PDB ID: 6LU7 and PDB ID: 2AJF using Autodock tool. ADME properties was also predicted for all the above compounds. Results: Among the 9 active Phytocompounds present in the Aadathodai Kudineer formulation, Lupeol showed high binding affinity with COVID19 main protease and ACE2 receptor which shows the promising contrivance of protease inhibition. The ADME suggested that the formulation is free from toxic. Conclusion: The phytocomponents showed possible affinity towards these targets and has the lead molecules that inhibits COVID19 main protease and ACE2 receptor.
A Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical study of Kanchanara Gutika
Authors: S Gnana Prasuna , Rajagopal Manu , S Pavan Kumar , B Harinatha Chary
Published: January 2021

Kanchanara gutika is one of the preparations of the Ayurveda, which is used for the treatment of the Thyroid disorders. It is in use since many years with good clinical outcome. But the pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of the drug has not been carried out yet. Hence to study them this study is planned.  Aim: Authentication of the raw drugs of Kanchanara gutika and phytochemical evaluation of the finished product.  Materials and methods: The present study deals with the Pharmacognostical identification of the ingredients of Kanchanara Gutika and its physicochemical analysis. Thin Layer chromatography study (TLC) was also developed.Results: Pharmacognostical results showed Pippali catkin with fruit, Maricha with the epicarp and the oil globules, Sunti with oleoresins and vascular bundles, Haritaki with fibres, Amlaki with epicarp and mesocarp, Vibhithaki with stone cells and Kanchanara with xylem and phloem vessels. Qualitative studies shows that Loss of drying 33%, PH 4.72%, Water soluble matter 12%, Alcohol soluble matter 19%, Total ash 3%, Acid insoluble ash 2.5%, Dissolution time 4%, Moisture content 8%. The TLC chromatograph showed five bands at Rf 0.21(Yellow), 0.28 (Grey), 0.47 (Brown), 0.56 (Violet), 0.93 (Orange).Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study revealed genuinity of raw drugs. Physicochemical and TLC studies inferred that the formulation meets the minimum quality standards. The inference from this study may be used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.
Management of Ekakushta, with special reference to Psoriasis, through Panchakarma: A Case Study
Authors: Thakur Kritika , Toshikhane Sangeeta Hemant , P Mahesh M , Sanghani Devyani
Published: January 2021

In Ayurveda all the skin diseases have been discussed under the ‘Vyadhi Kushtha’ Ekakushtha is one among Kshudra Kushtha. Kshudra are the Vyadhis which do not cause any major systemic involvement but their appearance disturbs mental condition of the patient as the disease doesn’t leave patient easily. They are not easy to treat as recurrence rate is very high. The clinical feature of Ekakushtha described represents remission, relapse and seasonal variation which are also present in Psoriasis. Modern medical science treats Psoriasis with PUVA, corticosteroids etc. But these therapies give serious side effects like hepatic and nephrotoxicity, bone marrow depression etc. Hence, it is the need of time to find out safe and effective treatment for Psoriasis and here Ayurveda plays an important role. Treatment modality of Ayurveda provides long lasting results and a better life to patients through its three basic principles i.e. Shodhana, Shamana and Nidan Parivarjana. Here we are reporting a 50-year-old female patient having symptoms of Ekakushtha since last 4 years. She was suffering from large round erythematous scaly patches over her B/L knee and elbow joint and also severe itching and dryness over affected lesions. There was no such significant past history of any other chronic illness. The patient was treated with Panchkarma i.e Vamana karma followed by Oral medications. Patient reported symptomatic improvement after the course of Vamana Karma.
A Pilot Study on Efficacy of Vishakalpa (Shwetra lepa) in Shwetra (Vitiligo)
Authors: Deshmukh Akhilesh , Wadnerwar Nilima , Gaikwad Apurva
Published: January 2021

Shwetra (Vitiligo) is a skin disease which takes longer time to cure. It affects the external beauty of the body causing social stigma, shyness, loss of confidence, fear of comments marital problems, etc. The disease needs repeated shodhana and regular internal and external shaman chikitsa for longer duration. Objectives: To study the efficacy of Vishakalpa (Shwetra lepa) alone in the management of Shwetra and to provide a potent drug for sure and quick relief from Shwetra (vitiligo), this pilot study was carried out. Material and methods: Shwetra lepa was prepared and used as local application in 15 patients having newly diagnosed patches of vitiligo. The changes in shape, size and number of patches and VETI score was assessed before and after treatment. The data was analyzed with the help of parametric and non parametric tests. Results: Though there was no significant change in VETI score, minimal reduction in shape and size of patches, daha and kandu was observed with Shwetra lepa vati. Conclusion: One month study duration for local application of Shwetra lepa vati and sample size was found to be insufficient to prove the efficacy of Shwetra lepa. Hence it is recommended that Shwetra lepa should be used alone for longer period up to 6 to 9 months or it can be used along with repeated shodhana and continuous shamana chikitsa for 2 to 6 months for effective results.
The Preventive aspect of Ayurveda in Viral Infection with special reference to COVID-19
Authors: Nampalliwar Amit R , Bhawsar Priyanka , Biradar Seeta M
Published: January 2021

In Ayurveda, the management of viral infectious diseases can be either preventive or curative. Prevention is better than cure, while there is no medicine for COVID-19 as of now, it will be good to take preventative measures. In this study for the preventative aspect of Ayurveda in COVID-19, the data has been collected, collated, and reviewed from all available literature related to the topic. It is analyzed that, COVID-19 pandemics can be correlated with janapadadhavnsa roga which are highly communicable diseases described in Ayurveda. It can be correlated as Abhishanga Sannipataj jwara which is of kapha predominance. Ama plays a major role in metabolic disorder patients for invading severe coronavirus disease. Ayurvedic medicines that have Ama pachak and immunity-boosting action play important role in the prevention of COVID-19 infection. Apart from the social distancing and hand washing, local and systemic intervention, Panchakarma therapy and certain use of Rasayana (immunomodulators) have been advocated to prevent the COVID-19.
Microwave Mediated Synthesis of Novel 1,3,5-Triazine Derivative and their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Barmase Krishn Kumar , Basedia Deepak , Dubey Balkrishna
Published: January 2021

1,3,5-Triazine derivative are synthesized by replacement of chloride ions of Cyanuric chloride and 1,3,5-Triazine derivative are showing promising biologically activity such as Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimalarial, Antivirus, Anticancer that’s why interest of researches on synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives always in focused. The present study reported the synthesis of 2,4,6-Trisubstituted 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives by Microwave mediated Method which gave the desired result in less time with higher yield. The structure of 1,3,5-Triazine derivatives have been elucidated by Spectral of IR, NMR and MASS. The derivative of 1,3,5-Triazine are evaluated for their In vitro Antibacterial activity against Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacterial species and shown good Antibacterial effect.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and Trypsin Inhibition by Garcinia Cambogia Seeds Extract
Authors: Sudarshan M , Jyothibai P
Published: January 2021

In this project work, Garcinia cambogia seeds extract was prepared and analysed for inhibitory studies. G. cambogia or the Malabar tamarind, commonly used as a food preservative, flavouring agent or food-bulking agent, and as a traditional remedy to treat constipation, piles, rheumatism, edema, irregular menstruation and intestinal parasites in many Asian countries. G. cambogia seeds solvents (Methanol, ethylacetate, petroleum ether and acetone) extract were prepared and pharmacological activities were analyzed such as antioxidant activity, ACE inhibitory and trypsin inhibitory activities. Among the extracts tested, methanolic extract of G. cambogia has shown potent antioxidant, angiotensin converting enzyme and trypsin inhibitory activities.
Appraisal of Financial Performance of Regional Rural Banks with Special Reference to Assam Gramin Vikash Bank, Maharashtra Gramin Vikash Bank and Karnataka Gramin Vikash Bank
Authors: Selvakumar S , Abima D
Published: January 2021

Regional Rural Banks are functioning at regional level in different States and Union Territories of India. These banks are rendering both fundamental and modern banking services. Finance is one of the most important aspects of banking business. Without proper financial planning an enterprise is unlikely to be successful in managing money. For the proper financial planning, analysis of the financial performance is required. Hence, an attempt has been made to analyse the performance of the Assam Gramin Vikash Bank, Maharashtra Gramin Bank and Karnataka Vikash Gramin Bank in terms of short term solvency, long term solvency and profitability. It is concluded that the financial performance of the Assam Gramin Vikash Bank, Maharashtra Gramin Bank and Karnataka Vikash Gramin Bank are good.
Personnel Management: Needs-oriented Recruitment Planning in Organizational Development
Authors: Laiu Bianca , Voicu Sara
Published: January 2021

This article aims to discuss personnel management in terms of needs-oriented recruitment planning aspects in organizational development. The determinant of the success of a company is human or labor. Even labor provides the largest contribution to the success of a company compared to other factors such as capital, raw materials or machinery. However, not all workers can become productive workers. This workforce must be selected, placed, trained and assessed for their achievements and given appreciation for every achievement that they have contributed to the company. If the conditions of a company allow it to provide benefits or insurance to each of its workers, this will increase the workforce productivity. During its development, the company will face increasingly complex manpower problems, thus human resource management must be carried out professionally by a separate department within a company, namely the Human Resource Department. Human Resource Management or better known as Personnel Management is management that specializes in the field of personnel or in staffing.
Implementation of Measures and Objectives of School-Based Management Policies at Junior High Schools in Donggala Regency
Authors: Rismawati Rismawati , Latief Juraid Abd. , Nawawi Muh. , Kurnia Intam
Published: January 2021

One of the development priorities is the strategy of decentralization by granting the regions the fullest possible autonomy to administer and handle government affairs within the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, Today, many new models and principles of management have been used, especially in the business world, to be implemented in the education world later on. School-based management, where policy enforcement operates linearly from policy decisions, implementers and public policy results, is one of the models adopted. The application of the Van Meter and Van Horn Model Policy explains that many interrelated variables affect policy efficiency, one of which is the criteria and policy priorities / steps and policy targets that are the metrics used in this analysis, Technique used in this thesis is a qualitative research methodology with a system of descriptive analysis. The aims and priorities of the MBS program have received a favorable feedback from the education unit based on the study outcomes, but the reaction and level of public awareness have not been ideal. This is due to the lack of socialization in educational units, notably at junior high school level, where expectations and targets have been developed and the policy success can be assessed, although it can not be a certainty that the policy goals will be accomplished. If there is no engagement from authorities or individuals or groups of individuals who are responsible for enforcing public policy at the level of regional government.
Views on Conflict related to the Causes of Conflict and the Management Strategies
Authors: Dermaku Armando , Balliu Erost
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the views of conflict related to the factors causing conflict and conflict management strategies. The results of the discussion show that other potential sources of conflict are personal factors which include the value system that each individual has, personality characteristics that cause individuals to be unique and different from other individuals. The fact shows that certain personality types, such as individuals who are very authoritarian, dogmatic, and have low regard for others, are potential sources of conflict. If one of these conditions occurs in a group, and employees are aware of it, then the perception arises that in the group there is a conflict. Each group has different goals and each strives to achieve them. This problem occurs because when groups become more attached to their own goals or norms. This situation is called perceived conflict. The problem solving strategy in conflict is the basic assumption that all parties have a desire to handle the conflict that occurs and therefore it is necessary to find measures that can satisfy the parties involved in the conflict. On the basis of these assumptions, the problem solving strategy must always go through two important stages, namely the process of finding ideas and the process of maturing them.
Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass
Authors: Waters Christian T.
Published: January 2021

Abstract.—Gill nets are commonly used to evaluate recreational and commercial striped bass Morone saxatilis fisheries. Using historical gill-net data for striped bass from four southeastern reservoirs, we fitted selection curves to evaluate size selectivity of the nets, assessed the effect of net selectivity on stock assessment metrics, defined the variability associated with two commonly used survey metrics, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and length at age, and evaluated the likelihood of observing a true change in these metrics between two time periods. Selection curves fitted to data from an experimental gill net with bar mesh sizes of 25, 38, 51, 64, and 76 mm indicated that the net was most efficient at capturing striped bass around 600 mm in length; efficiency of the net declined sharply for fish less than 300 mm in length. Adjusting catch data for net selectivity did not have a significant effect on either mortality rates from age 1 to age 3 or mean length at age. Variability associated with length-at-age data was relatively small while variability in CPUE data was relatively large. We found that historical sample sizes of age-1 and age-2 striped bass would be adequate to detect changes in mean length at age as small as 15 mm between two 5-year periods with a power of 0.8. However, in most instances, the historical number of net sets per year needed to be substantially increased to detect either a 30% or 50% change in CPUE between the two periods with a power of 0.8. In three of the four reservoirs, the historical number of nets set per year was sufficient to detect a 100% change in CPUE between the two periods with a power greater than 0.8. Variance associated with abundance-based metrics will generally be more difficult to overcome than that associated with fish-specific data or cohort-specific data, such as mean length at age. We suggest that managers carefully evaluate the population-specific variability associated with the metrics of interest and consider the acceptable level of risk for failing to detect a change.
Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy
Authors: Brunelli Joseph P.
Published: January 2021

Abstract.—A Y chromosome marker shared with Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has been sequenced in many Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii subspecies. The marker is found in and inherited through males. It evolves more slowly than the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. The marker delineates the four major groups of Cutthroat Trout: the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout O. c. henshawi subspecies complex, the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. c. bouvieri subspecies complex, Westslope Cutthroat Trout O. c. lewisi, and Coastal Cutthroat Trout O. c. clarkii. The paternal inheritance pattern of the Y marker makes it useful for dissecting the origins of fish with mixed ancestries. We describe a case study using both Y and mitochondrial markers in Lahontan Cutthroat Trout subspecies complex trout populations. Our results confirmed Lahontan Cutthroat Trout affinities for the Paiute Cutthroat Trout O. c. seleniris and Willow–Whitehorse Creek Cutthroat Trout. However, we found evidence of a complex ancestry for Guano Creek, Oregon trout, a group that has been proposed by some to be related to the Alvord Cutthroat Trout, a subspecies thought to be extinct.
Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy
Authors:   Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission 6730 Martin Way East, Olympia, Washington 98516, USA
Published: January 2021

Abstract.—We examined patterns of dispersal and colonization after Cordilleran glaciations, population connectivity, levels of genetic diversity, and potential impacts of anthropogenic changes to Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii. Populations were mostly small with restricted dispersals but exchanged one to two migrants per generation on average. Genetic differences among local populations of Coastal Cutthroat Trout accounted for approximately three-fourths of the total genetic variation among groups, with differences among different geographical groups accounting for the rest. Because of this, hierarchical geographical population structure was difficult to detect except at small geographical scales that reflected local dispersal and gene flow or at broad geographical scales that reflected divergence associated with long-term isolation during Cordilleran glacial advances. Evolutionary processes such as gene flow and genetic drift reflected in isolation by distance occurred at distances up to 600–700 km but mostly lesser distances, whereas divergence associated with Pleistocene glaciation occurred at 1,900 km or greater. Glacial refugia existed south of the Salish Sea along the Washington, Oregon, and California coasts; in the Haida Gwaii or Alexander Archipelago; and possibly near the central coast of British Columbia near Bella Coola. Throughout the range, hybridization with Rainbow Trout O. mykiss or steelhead (anadromous Rainbow Trout) appears to occur naturally at low levels, but releases of hatchery-produced O. mykiss can lead to higher levels of hybridization and rarely hybrid swarms. Degraded habitat may contribute to hybridization, but most anthropogenic habitat alterations reduce habitat quantity and quality and disrupt opportunities for dispersal, contributing to declines in abundance, population connectivity, and genetic diversity.
A High Performance DDR3 SDRAM Controller
Authors: Aqueel Shabana , Khare Kavita
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the implementation of compliant DDR3 memory controller. It discusses the overall architecture of the DDR3 controller along with the detailed design and operation of its individual sub blocks, the pipelining implemented in the design to increase the design throughput. It also discusses the advantages of DDR3 memories over DDR2 memories operation. Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAMs have been prevalent in the PC memory market in recent years and are widely used for networking systems. These memory devices are rapidly developing, with high density, high memory bandwidth and low device cost. However, because of the high-speed interface technology and complex instruction-based memory access control, a specific purpose memory controller is necessary for optimizing the memory access trade off. In this paper, a specific purpose DDR3 controller for highperformance is proposed.
Syncing and Integrating Windows and Mac OS in the Solitary Macintel, Power PC and x86 Intel Environments
Authors: Richards C. Infant Louis , Yuva T.
Published: January 2021

Windows users claim that Mac users are conceited, citing that old "computer for the rest of us" advertising while Mac users claim the same about Windows users. The truth of the matter is that both are about the same. All they are nothing but the different OS GUIs; slightly different ways of opening applications. Once the application is open, the only differences might be whether you use a single button mouse or a multi-button mouse, and even that difference vanishes with third party hardware. First of all, we'll look at some pros and cons for each, then we'll dispel some myths perpetuated about both platforms. Remember both Microsoft and Apple share a good deal of technology. Both Windows and Mac OS use hundreds of patents shared between the two. Also remember that Microsoft makes a lot of software for the Mac including Microsoft Office which was created by a separate department for the Mac. So our concept here is to get the user access to both Mac OS and Windows OS on a single system. It must be done in such a way that it is applicable to both mac Intel and x86 based pc. This can be done with the help of third party applications in which few of them are even legally recognized by Microsoft and Apple. This paper deals with enabling "PC for fun, Mac for work" in a single system.
Proposed design for circular antenna and half ring antenna for UWB Application
Authors: Kimmatkar Minal , Karule P. T. , Zade P. L. , Ashtankar P. S.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, Ultra wideband planar circular patch and half circular ring patch antennas are proposed. These newly simulated structures are proposed for fabrication. The antennas are suitable for operating frequency of 7.5 GHz. It is shown that return loss of the both the antennas at 7.5 GHz is better than -10 dB. The VSWR obtained is less than 2. The half ring patch antenna is found to have the compact size and more bandwidth as that of circular patch antenna. HFSS11 is used for the simulation. From HFSS11 simulations, dimensions of antennas are chosen for better performance. Details of the proposed antenna design and measured results are presented in this paper
Multiplier Based On Add And Shift Method By Passing Zero
Authors: S Shambhavi , ShivaKumar K B , Kurian M Z , Jayaramu H S
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a low-power structure for shift-and-add multipliers is proposed. The architec-ture considerably lowers the switching activity of conventional multipliers. The modification to the multiplier which multiplies A by B include the removal of the shifting register, direct feeding of A to the adder, bypassing the adder whenever possible, using a ring counter instead of a binary counter and removal of the partial product shift. The architecture makes use of a low-power ring counter proposed in this work . The proposed multiplier can be used for low-power applications where the speed is not a primary design parameter.
VLSI ARCHITECTURE OF PARALLEL MULTIPLIER– ACCUMULATOR BASED ON RADIX-2 MODIFIED BOOTH ALGORITHM
Authors: Sathish Mr.M.V. , Sailaja Mrs.
Published: January 2021

A new architecture of multiplier-andaccumulator (MAC) for high-speed arithmetic. By combining multiplication with accumulation and devising a hybrid type of carry save adder (CSA), the performance was improved. Since the accumulator that has the largest delay in MAC was merged into CSA, the overall performance was elevated. The proposing method CSA tree uses 1’s-complement-based radix-2 modified Booth’s algorithm (MBA) and has the modified array for the sign extension in order to increase the bit density of the operands. The proposed MAC showed the superior properties to the standard design in many ways and performance twice as much as the previous research in the similar clock frequency. We expect that the proposed MAC can be adapted to various fields requiring high performance such as the signal processing areas.
MBER Space Time Equalization assisted Multiuser Detection
Authors: B.H. Yogeshwary , Purushottama T.L. , Kurian M Z
Published: January 2021

A novel minimum bit-error rate (MBER) space–time-equalization (STE)-based multiuser detector (MUD) is proposed for multiple-receive-antenna-assisted space-division multiple-access systems. It is shown that the MBER-STE-aided MUD significantly outperforms the standard minimum mean-square error design in terms of the achievable bit-error rate (BER). Adaptive implementations of the MBER STE are considered, and both the block-databased and sample-by-sample adaptive MBER algorithms are proposed. The latter, referred to as the least BER (LBER) algorithm, is compared with the most popular adaptive algorithm, known as the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. It is shown that in case of binary phase-shift keying, the computational complexity of the LBER-STE is about half of that required by the classic LMS-STE. Our simulation results demonstrate that the MBER ST-DFE assisted MUD is more robust to channel estimation errors as well as to potential error propagation imposed by decision feedback errors, compared to the MMSE ST-DFE assisted MUD.
A Strategic Review on Growth of InP on Silicon Substrate for Applications in High Frequency RF Devices
Authors: Gomes Umesh.P. , Kuldeep Mr. , Rathi S. , Biswas Dhrubes
Published: January 2021

A review is presented on the advances in InAlAs/InGaAs High Electron Mobility transistors (HEMT) on silicon substrates for high frequency and low noise applications. Although InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs on InP and GaAs substrates have been much appreciated due to their superior performance, their widespread applications have been hindered due to higher cost of the substrates. Silicon has been used as an alternative substrate considering the benefits of low cost, technological maturity and integration of III-V and silicon technology inspite of the constraints like lattice mismatch and large difference in thermal expansion coefficient.
Study on Performance Analysis of CMOS RF front-end circuits for 2.4GHz Wireless Applications
Authors: Sumathi M. , Malarvizhi S.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, low voltage design concepts and new CMOS front-end circuits for 2.4GHz wireless applications are presented. The performances of these circuits are analysed and compared with other existing structures using TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS technology scale. The design trade-offs between impedance matching, power gain and noise figure of low-noise amplifiers are highlighted. The advantage of the introduced mixer topology is expressed in terms of conversion gain, noise figure and linearity. At a supply voltage of 1.8V, the design and performance analysis have been performed using Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS2009) software.
High-performance Ni/Yb2O3/TaN Programmable Memory Cell for Nonvolatile Memory Applications
Authors: Mondal Somnath , Chen Fa-Hsyang , Pan Tung-Ming
Published: January 2021

Resistive switching in Ni/Yb2O3/TaN programmable memory cells was investigated. We proposed a rearrangement of oxygen vacancies under electric field plays role in resistive switching. Under negative bias, oxygen vacancies or other metallic defects migrate through Yb2O3 oxide and SET occurs. A reproducible resistance switching behavior was observed with high resistance ratio of about 105 with excellent data retention, and good immunity to read disturbance, are also revealed. In particular, the simple sandwich structure and excellent electrical performance of the memory cell making them ideal for the basis for highspeed, high-density, nonvolatile memory applications.
Design & Implementation of Low Power 3-bit Flash ADC in 0.18μm CMOS
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Kolhe Amit
Published: January 2021

This paper describes the design and implementation of a Low Power 3-bit flash Analog to Digital converter (ADC). It includes 7 comparators and one thermometer to binary encoder. It is implemented in 0.18um CMOS Technology. The presimulation of ADC is done in T-Spice and post layout simulation is done in Microwind3.1. The response time of the comparator equal to 6.82ns and for Flash ADC as 18.77ns.The Simulated result shoes the power consumption in Flash ADC as is 36.273mw .The chip area is for Flash ADC is 1044um2 .
Concept of Symmetrical Component as a Technique for analysis of fault and Improvement of Over current Protection Scheme
Authors: Sardey Suchita , Thakur Mrs. K. D. , Sardey Sunil
Published: January 2021

Electrical energy is one of the fundamental resources of the modern industrial society. Electrical power is available to the user instantly, at the correct voltage and frequency, at exactly the amount needed. The power system maintains its steady state mainly because of the correct and quick remedial action taken by the protective relaying equipment. The response of the protection system must be automatic, quick, and should cause a minimum amount of disruption to the power system. Concept of Symmetrical component for an enhancing protection scheme shows an outstanding feature. The method of symmetrical components provides a practical technology for understanding and analyzing power system operation during unbalanced conditions. Such as those caused by faults between phases and/or ground, open phases, unbalance impedances, and so on. Also, many protective relays operate from the symmetrical component quantities. Thus a good understanding of this subject is of great value and very important tool in protection. In this paper how the concept of symmetrical components helps for improvement of different protection schemes.
Mapper and Demapper for LDPC-Coded Systems
Authors: Kiran U. , Ugendar V.
Published: January 2021

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are state-of-art error correcting codes, included in several standards for broadcast transmissions. Iterative softdecision decoding algorithms for LDPC codes reach excellent error correction capability; their performance, however, is strongly affected by finite-precision issues in the representation of inner variables. Great attention has been paid, in recent literature, to the topic of quantization for LDPC decoders, but mostly focusing on binary modulations and analyzing finite precision effects in a disaggregrated manner, i.e., considering separately each block of the receiver. Modern telecommunication standards, instead, often adopt high order modulation schemes, e.g. M-QAM, with the aim to achieve large spectral efficiency. This puts additional quantization problems, that have been poorly debated in previous literature. This paper discusses the choice of suitable quantization characteristics for both the decoder messages and the received samples in LDPC-coded systems using M-QAM schemes. The analysis involves also the demapper block, that provides initial likelihood values for the decoder, by relating its quantization strategy with that of the decoder. A signal label for a signal in a 2m-ary modulation scheme is simply the m-bit pattern assigned to the signal. A mapping strategy refers to the grouping of bits within a codeword, where each mbit group is used to select a 2m-ary signal in accordance with the signal labels. The most obvious mapping strategy is to use each group of m consecutive bits to select a signal. . We will call this the consecutive-bit (CB) mapping strategy. An alternative strategy is the bit-reliability (BR) mapping strategy which will be described below. A new demapper version, based on approximate expressions, is also presented, that introduces a slight deviation from the ideal case but yields a low complexity hardware implementation.
OPTIMAL DESIGN FOR GROUND BOUNCE NOISE REDUCTION USING SLEEP TRANSISTOR
Authors: Sreenivasulu P. , Dasari Vasavi Prasanthi
Published: January 2021

As technology scales into the nanometer regime ground bounce noise and noise immunity are becoming important metric of comparable importance to leakage current, active power, delay and area for the analysis and design of complex arithmetic logic circuits. In this paper, low leakage 1bit full adder cells are proposed for mobile applications with low ground bounce noise and a novel technique has been introduced with improved staggered phase damping technique for further reduction in the peak of ground bounce noise. Noise immunity has been carefully considered since the significant threshold current of the low threshold voltage transition becomes more susceptible to noise. We introduced a new transistor resizing approach for 1bit full adder cells to determine the optimal sleep transistor size which reduce the leakage power and ground bounce noise. The simulation results depicts that the proposed design also leads to efficient 1bit full adder cells in terms of standby leakage power, active power, ground bounce noise and noise margin. We have performed simulations using Cadence Spectre 90nm standard CMOS technology at room temperature with supply voltage of 1V.
An Integrated Mobile Phone Payment System Based on 3G Network
Authors: Gaikwad Rahul , Chaudhari Shubham , Gaikwad Dhanwanti
Published: January 2021

Along with globally approaching of the 3G era, the progress of mobile communication technology and the development of mobile terminal devices will rapidly promote the mobilization development of traditional Ecommerce. In order to ensure it to achieve further development, secure, flexible and reliable mobile payment system is becoming more and more important. Compared with the payment pattern of ordinary commerce, there will be profound changes in the mobile payment, such as special payment channel, payment carrier and etc. After deep studying about previous payment methods and future 3G communication technology, this paper introduces a new mobile payment model by combining with IC chip, mobile phone and mobile internet, and then gives some improvement measures for current settlement mechanisms in the network transaction, which is entirely around payment channel, payment carrier, security authentication and other key issues in 3G environment. The real time processing of information flow, capital flow and logistics in mobile environment can be easily achieved, forming a complete and reliable business operation for mobile users, which can bring some great conveniences and profound influences for mobile payment industry.
Mobile TV Technologies
Authors: Maradia Vivek Jaysukhlal
Published: January 2021

Mobile TV is a generalized term used for the technologies through which all the TV channels can be seen on our mobile phone. Using their mobile TV phone, people could enjoy real-time news, sports, weather forecasts and live entertainments in a fast-moving car, outdoors, and anywhere. Technologies are classified in Cellular and Broadcast. Cellular Network includes 3G, MBMS and TDtv. Broadcast services includes 1Seg, DMB, DVB-H and MediaFLO. Few platforms which provide this technology are Alcatel's Unlimited Mobile TV, Bharti Telesoft’s VDP, CyberLink Mobile TV Solution etc.
Oscillation control electronics for a Quartz Tuning Fork Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
Authors: Bhushan Gaurav , Rangoonwala Adnan , Khan Aalim , Bhowmick Shomnath
Published: January 2021

This paper presents oscillation control electronics for Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscope (FMAFM). It presents a Phase Locked Loop circuit performing the function of Frequency Control and its complete analysis.
Perception and Usage of Point of Care Devices: A Cross-sectional Study Targeting Residents and Trainers in Oman
Authors: Al Harrasi Amna , Al Mbeihsi Laila Mohammed , Al Rawahi Abdulhakeem , Al Shafaee Mohammed
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The use of mobile technologies and handheld computers by physicians has increased worldwide. However, there are limited studies globally regarding training physicians on the use of such devices in clinical practice. In addition, no studies have been conducted previously in Oman addressing this issue among postgraduate medical trainees and trainers. The present study explores the practice and perception of resident doctors and trainers towards the use of mobile technologies and handheld devices in healthcare settings in Oman. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire disseminated via email to all residents and trainers in five major training programs of the Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB). The questionnaire explored three main areas; perception, usage, and perceived barriers of handheld devices. Results: Overall, 61.4% of the residents and 28.3% of the trainers responded to the questionnaire. Both types of participants agreed that the use of such devices positively affects clinical decision-making. In total, 98.8% of the participating residents and 86.7% of the trainers frequently used handheld devices. Both OMSB residents and trainers agreed that lack of time, training, and applications were the most common factors limiting the use of these devices. Participants emphasized the need for constructive training regarding the use of handheld devices as healthcare resources. Conclusions: Point-of-care devices are positively perceived and frequently used by OMSB trainees and trainers. However, constructive training on the effective usage of these devices in clinical decision-making is needed. Further future studies to evaluate the impact of using such devices in patient care should be conducted.
An updated overview on 2019 novel coronavirus
Authors: Mishra Sanjukta
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus (CoV) has been associated with several infectious disease outbreak in humans in the past two decades, including Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] in 2002-2003 and Middle East respiratory coronavirus [MERS-CoV] in 2012. An unexpected and unexplained respiratory infection commenced at Wuhan city, China, during the end of 2019, which was named as novel coronavirus disease [2019-nCoV or COVID-19] by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is considered to be a zoonotic disease, as it has nearly similar amino acid homology to SARS-CoV. Reports have revealed an unexpected increase in number of cases worldwide (214 countries and territories along with 2 international conveyances), which intimidates the public with human to human escalation through respiratory droplets and contact routes. This pandemic was declared as a public health emergency of international concern. It follows an extremely heterogeneous course from mild Flu like symptoms [fever, cough, sore throat, dyspnoea, fatigue, headache and malaise] to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. According to epidemiological data, old age and pre-existing medical co-morbidities are considered to be the risk factors for COVIOD-19. Currently, laboratory-based "Real time-reversed transcription Polymerase chain reaction" [rtRT-PCR] remains the molecular test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis. That apart, several hematological, biochemical markers along with various inflammatory cytokines (lymphopenia, serum level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, Interleukin-6, cardiac troponin I) may be used to assess disease severity. As of now, there have been approximately more than 36 million cases worldwide and more than one million succumbed to the illness (2.91% estimated mortality rate).  Based on reports, India has become the second worst coronavirus hit country with a total number of cases reaching 68 lakhs. The dearth of selected medication (anti-CoV) and unusual transmission ability of 2019-nCoV continue to be responsible for this uninterrupted escalation. Woefully, specific vaccines are yet to come up. Treatment options like broad-spectrum antiviral Remdesivir, and oxygen therapy are being evaluated to control this unprecedented health crisis, although none of these drugs are FDA (Food and drug administration) approved. The path of this pandemic is very undetermined and unpredictable. In the present scenario, efficacious prevention needs swift action from the standpoint of public health strategies, which entails strict surveillance, rapid detection, and implementation of a containment plan to curb this outbreak. This review article highlights the updates on novel coronavirus 2019 and the uninterrupted apocalyptic progress concerning the present situation. It also highlights various perspectives of effective therapeutic strategies to restrain this viral outbreak.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: The virulence factors and relation to persistence biofilm formation
Authors: Syahiran Syakir , Wan Taib Wan Rohani , Jaffar Norzawani
Published: January 2021

Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory condition that is associated with subgingival biofilms in tooth-supporting tissues. Among the several hundred isolated organisms in the oral cavity, one of the most isolated bacteria from infected periodontal pockets are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. It is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus that causes juvenile (localized aggressive periodontitis) and adolescent periodontal diseases. The development of biofilms is an essential factor in pathogenesis for A. actinomycetemcomitans. The early attachment of A. actinomycetemcomitans to abiotic surfaces relies on its protein-like fimbriae. This organism's ability to form tenacious biofilms can determine its survival and progression. A. actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen not solely in periodontal but also involve in some systemic infections. This species has several virulence factors and genes that contribute to its oral cavity survival and, worst of all, cause bone resorption and tooth loss. Genetic diversity between the different A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates are great, and their ability to express and release virulence factors varies. In this review article, we discuss about the potential virulence factors and candidates genes for A. actinomycetemcomitans and their roles within periodontal disease by revealing their functional biology in facilitating attachment to oral surfaces, hindering protection of the host and causing inflammation and degradation of tissue.
Serum Paraoxonase with HDL-C as a predictor of atherosclerosis in patients of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sridevi Chaganti , Sowjanya UVPU , Kalai Selvi V. S. , Rajakumari DMM , Babu Kasi
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is a problem in health care spread all over the world with adverse consequences. CKD is associated with premature atherosclerosis and increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular complications. Hypertriglyceridemia is a commonly seen lipid abnormality in CKD patients. PON-1 (Paraoxanase-1) is a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver and is released into the blood, where it links with HDL. This study was undertaken to find out the relation between PON-1 and HDL-C and its effect on atherosclerosis. 

Materials and Methods: A total number of 123 subjects participated in the study. Serum was used for estimating the parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) by calculation, creatinine, urea in a fully automated analyzer BS300. Serum paraoxonase-1(PON) was estimated by spectrophotometric method.

Results: The metabolic derangement was very evident in the CKD group with significantly higher creatinine, urea, and dyslipidemia, and abnormal paraoxonase activity being observed in the cases compared to controls. 

Conclusion: This study suggests the need for assessing PON-1 activity, a measure of the antioxidant capacity of HDL-C which improves the predictive accuracy of atherosclerosis in CKD.