bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living in Character
Authors: Nagar Richa , Sangathan Sangtin Kisan Mazdoor , Theatre Parakh
Published: May 2020

Through storytelling, play, and journals, Nagar examines the learning processes that unfolded during the six month long process of making Hansa, Karo Puratan Baat, a play based on a collective reinterpretation of Munshi Premchand's short story, 'Kafan.' The twenty people who came together to create Hansa are migrants from seven states of India who now work in Mumbai as domestic workers or as aspiring or underemployed film actors ("strugglers"). In the process of wrestling with sociopolitical, geographical, and linguistic hierarchies, these actors articulate a situated solidarity with the worldviews of those who are dismissed as rural, Dalit, uneducated, and poor. They reimagine the aesthetics and ethics of artistry through an embodied immersion in the politics of casteism, communalism, patriarchy, uneven development, and poverty in India.
Stories, Bodies, Movements
Authors: Nagar Richa , Sangathan Sangtin Kisan Mazdoor , Theatre Parakh
Published: May 2020

Can the ways of knowing and being co-developed with SKMS and Parakh be reworked pedagogically in a public research university? This exploration births a combined undergraduate and graduate course, 'Stories, Bodies, Movements,' which unfolds in the form of fifteen weekly 'Acts' and uses storytelling, writing, and theatre as modes of collective relearning. In absorbing the writing of W.E.B. Du Bois, June Jordan, Nina Simone, Sujatha Gidla, Om Prakash Valmiki, Viet Thanh Nguyen, and others, the Syllabus asks: What of ourselves must each member of the class offer in order to become an ethical receiver of the stories we are reading? And how might this commitment to ethically receive stories translate into an embodied journey that seeks to transform the self in relation to the collective?
Raced to Death in 1920s Hawai i
Authors: Okamura Jonathan Y.
Published: May 2020

This book analyzes the larger racial significance of the quick conviction and death sentence given to a likely insane Japanese American, Myles Fukunaga, for murdering a White boy, Gill Jamieson, in 1928. The Fukunaga case demonstrates how race operated in Hawai‘i to enforce the hierarchical relations between Whites and non-Whites. In arguing that Fukunaga was raced to death, two different meanings of race are employed. First, he was hanged because he was of the “Japanese race” and committed his crime during the 1920s, when Japanese Americans were perceived as the most politically and economically threatening group to continued White supremacy in Hawai‘i. Second, Fukunaga was raced or rushed to his death sentence less than three weeks after his crime because Whites wanted immediate revenge. The book argues that the Fukunaga case was a major component in a trajectory of racial injustice against non-Whites, including Japanese and Filipino labor leaders who, after organizing multiplantation strikes in 1920 and 1924, were imprisoned based on likely perjured testimony. Fukunaga’s hanging is also connected to the lynching in 1932 of Joe Kahahawai, a Native Hawaiian, who was falsely accused of raping a White woman and was also raced to death. The book also discusses how incipient forms of colorblindness and multiculturalism were strategically deployed by Whites to deny the significance of race in the accelerated conviction of Fukunaga.
The Insanity Question
Authors: Okamura Jonathan Y.
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers whether Fukunaga was legally sane or insane when he killed Gill Jamieson, a lingering issue because of the ninety-minute examination given him by the three psychiatrists who testified he was legally sane. The chapter reviews the study by University of Hawai‘i professor Lockwood Myrick Jr., who contended Fukunaga was legally insane because he was compelled by a force he could not withstand—his desire for revenge against the Hawaiian Trust Co. Besides the inability to differentiate between right and wrong, being unable to resist a compelling force was another criterion of legal insanity according to Hawai‘i law. The chapter argues that, based on his actions and statements, Fukunaga appeared to know the difference between right and wrong and that killing Gill was wrong.
The Stranger
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

Gershon Legman was born to poor Hungarian-Romanian immigrants in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1917. This chapter lays out the origins of his interest in collecting erotica and folklore and connects his scholarly beginnings to his childhood and early education. Gershon grew up in the intensely pious world of Orthodox Judaism and was, his parents felt, destined to be a rabbi. His childhood was spent in the study of words and texts. As a boy, he chafed at the prudery of his domineering father, and as an adolescent he was appalled by the American censorship regime that kept accurate sex and birth control information out of the hands of ordinary people. Rejecting his parents’ goals for him, Legman became absorbed with the literature and oral traditions of sex and began his extensive collection of dirty jokes. The author uses Legman’s letters and memoirs to explore the familial and personal origins of his lifelong erotic folklore collecting projects, including his purported kinship to Viennese folklorist Friedrich S. Krauss.
Kinsey’s Bibliographer
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

In the early 1940s, Legman’s work with Robert L. Dickinson led to a job with University of Indiana biology professor Alfred C. Kinsey. This chapter shows Legman working as a bibliographer and rare book buyer for Kinsey’s fledgling sex research institute. During these years, Legman not only developed a deep knowledge of erotic bibliography and the literature of sexology, but also gained insight into the quantitative empirical approach to sexual behavior Kinsey applied in his landmark study, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Legman’s correspondence with Kinsey shows him developing a critique of Kinsey’s theories and methods and arguing for a humanistic and interpretative investigation of human sexuality. Legman mixed this humane position with fierce antagonism to Kinsey’s tolerant stance toward homosexuality and bisexuality. The two men ended their relationship angrily when Kinsey accused Legman of dishonesty, and Legman’s relationship with the Institute for Sex Research remained strained after Kinsey’s death in 1956. However, Legman helped form Kinsey’s unparalleled research library, and he would later deposit parts of his folklore collections in the Kinsey Institute archive.
Love & Death
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

After his break with Kinsey, Legman aimed to make a place for himself among New York City intellectuals as a full-time writer and editor on topics of sex. Between 1946 and 1948, he was at work drafting Love & Death, a series of essays on the effects of censorship and repression on American culture. Love & Death was an early foray into the criticism of mass culture and an early content analysis of comic books, detective fiction, and stereotypes of women in mass culture. In it Legman argued that the repression of sex in mass culture inevitably led to a sick and violent society. This chapter shows Legman developing and circulating his essays among New York’s writers and editors, unpacks his negative critique of mass culture, and presents the responses of some of his prominent readers. Although the book was rejected by several dozen publishers, Legman got attention for his views. Through Fredric Wertham, one of the principal psychiatrists in New York City, Legman gave a public lecture on psychoanalytic approaches to comic books. Also discussed is Legman’s marriage to his first wife, Beverley Keith, and the salons they held at their tiny house in the Bronx.
Under Mt. Cheiron
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

From the late 1970s until his final illness, Legman worked to bring his big projects to press and to write his memoirs. Turning back to his work on erotic folk song, Legman aimed to complete his long-delayed “Ballad” manuscript but decided that it was more important to bring out Vance Randolph’s unpublished manuscripts on erotic folklore of the Ozarks. These became two volumes edited and introduced by Legman, Roll Me in Your Arms and Blow the Candle Out (1992). Legman also began his memoir, Peregrine Penis: An Autobiography of Innocence, detailing his growing up, his self-education in sex research, and his erotic and publishing adventures. This chapter shows Legman reconstructing and evaluating past incidents with his correspondents, especially Jay Landesman. In 1986 he made his last visit to the United States for a lecture tour. In France he continued to receive writers who interviewed him about his life’s work and views on sex and censorship. After a long period of ill health, Legman died of the results of a stroke in February 1999. A conclusion to this chapter emphasizes Legman’s bibliographic contributions to the history of erotica and sexuality and evaluates his place in folklore scholarship, a discipline that received him with ambivalence.
Performing within Primitivism
Authors: Durkin Hannah
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines Baker’s two feature-length silent films, La Revue des revues and La Sirène des tropiques (both 1927). It shows how their staging of Baker’s dancing body plays into early-twentieth-century colonial and primitivist fantasies but simultaneously allows the star to showcase a self-referential performance style with origins in Black vaudeville. The chapter also juxtaposes Baker’s work with the regimented routines of white chorus girls and traces her film stardom’s impact on 1920s African American audiences. The coexistence of competing significations in these films underscores the fundamental ambiguity of Baker’s performances, which allow for readings of both subjugation and contestation.
“Postscribble”
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: May 2020

This “Postscribble” covers Joanna’s retirement, from 1994 to her death in 2011; her few contacts with science fiction, notably a telephone interview with Samuel Delany in 1996; the publication of her long-prepared feminist work “What Are We Fighting For?” (1997); her growing respect for socialist politics; and her realization, expressed in the introduction for Clare Fraser’s Revolution, She Wrote (1995), that feminism as a single-issue activism is sterile. Joanna was never afraid to change her mind! A retrospective discussion of her achievements in sf, her fearless journey through the twentieth century’s gender politics, her honors, and her legacy concludes the study.
Black Sexual Economies
Authors: The BSE Collective
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents the central claims of the book, placing these claims in a scholarly and sociohistorical context, and organizing them by theme. In addition, the Introduction offers a commentary about the “state of the field” of sexuality in black studies research, developed from our 2013 conference, Black Sexual Economies. [T.C.]
Introduction
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

The introduction discusses how Kansas City and Oakland sought to elevate themselves through big-league sports franchises and urban renewal. It relates the story of a controversial 1970 Oakland-Kansas City football game to illustrate what was at stake in the sports rivalry between the two cities. The introduction suggests that within cities and professional sports, there are always resentments, grievances, and competing agendas at play, and there are always winners and losers off the field as well as on. That is particularly true during historically fraught times when sports is seen as a key indicator of urban status and when many people reject a vision of “big-league” success that they feel disadvantages and disempowers them.
A’s vs. Royals, Part I
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

This chapter relates the rise in the fortunes of baseball’s Oakland A’s, culminating in their 1972 World Series title. They won despite weak attendance and turmoil under owner Charles Finley. The Kansas City Royals established themselves as a model expansion franchise under owner Ewing Kauffman but still had far to go to match the A’s’ success. Labor unrest engulfed both baseball and the two cities during this period, with baseball players walking off the job not long after lengthy construction strikes in Kansas City and a dockworkers strike against the Port of Oakland. Even as the growing power of the Major League Baseball Players Association transformed baseball, organized labor elsewhere faced an increasingly harsh climate.
Conclusion
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

The conclusion summarizes what happened after the heyday of the Oakland-Kansas City sports rivalry to the cities and their sports teams: the Kansas City Chiefs, the Kansas City Royals, the Oakland A’s, and the Oakland Raiders. Kansas City worked to keep the Chiefs and Royals by renovating its sports complex; it also built a new downtown arena, the Sprint Center. Oakland would lose the Raiders twice (once to Los Angeles and once to Las Vegas), and it would struggle to find a site for a new stadium for the A’s. The conclusion considers the implications of yesterday’s Kansas City-Oakland sports rivalry for a new era of city-sports relations.
Becoming a Breckinridge
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 1 uses Breckinridge’s unpublished memoirs in conjunction with other sources to explore Breckinridge’s family and childhood in Lexington, Kentucky. Breckinridge grew up surrounded by family; she also understood that she was responsible for maintaining the family tradition of public service. Both Breckinridge’s family legacy and her relationships with other family members would have a profound impact on her future career. In addition, her youthful exposure to social inequality and her attendance at the coeducational University of Kentucky heightened her awareness of racism and sexism, helping to pave the way for her future work on behalf of women’s rights and civil rights.
Academic Activism
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 4 examines Breckinridge’s participation in social reform in the Progressive era. In conjunction with Jane Addams and other women reformers associated with Hull House, Breckinridge advocated for a wide range of reforms and formulated the doctrine of a national minimum standard of living that would inform her later participation in the creation of the welfare state. She also fused her participation in social reform circles with her leadership in the emerging social work profession by using social science as the basis for social reform. Through her teaching and research first at the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy and then at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration, Breckinridge established a niche for herself in Progressive-era reform that relied upon her professional status and her scholarly expertise to legitimize political protest and advance social reform.
Introduction
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

I begin by identifying Intralatino/a writers and characters nationwide whose voices claim the need for their public acknowledgement and recognition. I define Intralatino/as as embodying multiple Latin American nationalities and ethnicities, and anticipate for the reader the heterogeneous processes through which they negotiate their nationalities and reaffirm a sense of belonging and non-belonging within their family lives. By unveiling the temporality of Intralatino/a identities—that they are not new nor exceptional, but hidden in histories marked by segmented national frameworks—I argue for the need to render these subjectivities visible and public, and worthy of academic analysis. In terms of methodology, I highlight the tensions between, on the one hand, personal narrative, the anecdote, and poetry, which frame my reading of the twenty interviews that inform the book, and, on the other, the sociological impetus for categorizing and for identifying patterns and structures. I locate this book project centrally within the field of Latinx Studies amid questions of culture, identity, hybridity, and transnationalism. I also discuss Chicago as a city of Latinidad and highlight the ways in which the analysis paves the way for future studies about Intralatino/as in other Latino urban centers in the United States.
Horizontal Hierarchies
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

In this chapter I propose the theoretical frameworks for the book. I trace the semantic shifts of the critical concept of Latinidad/es, highlighting its gradual transformation from a noun to a verb, from description to action. This genealogy suggests that “Latinidad/es” has been rewritten as a central signifier for political action and resistance. In addition, the chapter proposes the concept of “horizontal hierarchies” as a critical tool that allows us to identify and examine the power differentials among the various Latino nationalities and ethnicities in the United States. Referring to various interventions by Latino/a scholars and writers, the term “horizontal hierarchies” elucidates not only the shifting visibility of each national community politically and culturally, but also the contradictions and the relational and situational texture that inform these hierarchies.
Chicago Encounters
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the stories of the first-generation, immigrant parents of the Intralatino/as interviewed for the book. I analyze their personal stories of migration from their home countries, the romantic encounters with their partners as National Others, and the emerging conflicts and resistance on the part of their relatives and family members that they faced as they decided to start a family with a partner who was not of their own national community. That Chicago was the site for these inter-latino encounters speaks to the rich history of immigrant arrivals to the city. Historicizing the social meanings and tensions produced by interlatino/a desire and romance in Chicago, I highlight the courage and resilience of these interlatino couples given the challenges most of them faced for marrying outside their national community.
The Motifs of Latinidad
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

The “motifs” of Latinidad refer to the specific tensions, obstacles, and boundaries underlying Intralatino/a struggles in cementing a sense of belonging to multiple national communities. In this chapter I focus on five interviews and examine the diverse ways in which each Intralatino/a grapples with both dominant and diluted nationalities. Deploying Mérida Rúa’s concept of “Colao subjects”, and the terms “aguao and cargao” identities (diluted and strong), I analyze how these Intralatino/as refuse to choose one or the other, how they reclaim the diluted identity, and how they unsettle the dominance of the cargao (strong) identity. I conclude that these negotiations not only illustrate the processual and temporary texture of Intralatino/a subjectivities, but also highlight their agency in resisting the contradictions and complexities of these multiple identity boundaries.
The “New” Americana/os
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

This final chapter summarizes how Intralatino/as create new identity labels and critically comment on their sense of being (or not being) “American” and “Latino/a.” Highlighting MexiGuatemalan Diana’s story, who reaffirmed her experience as a second-generation US born Latina as opposed to immigrants, the chapter frames Intralatino/as within the hemispheric discourses of “Nuestra América” penned by José Martí and critically engaged by numerous other scholars. I also examine Intralatino/as’s self-constructions as “utopian” mixed subjects who defy national boundaries and who can empathize with diverse populations as a result of their national crossings. Thus, the book’s ending opens up to the future, an Intralatino/a future that dismantles national boundaries while also incarnating a collective hope for a more tolerant Latino USA.
Toward a New Research Agenda
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

This brief concluding section summarizes the implications of analyzing Intralatino’a lives for Latino/a Studies. It identifies future research topics that can be framed as inter- and intralatino/a studies. Moving away from the limitations of Latinidad as a pan-ethnic signifier, the book exhorts readers to engage the horizontal hierarchies that inform social interactions and constructions of the other in Latino USA.
Prelude: Beginnings
Authors: Brooks William , Bashford Christina , Magee Gayle
Published: May 2020

The path to this volume has occupied nearly the full duration of the centennial of the Great War. The three collaborators and coeditors (who are still friends, amazingly) began by organizing a pair of international conferences: Over Here and Over There (University of York, England, February 27–28, 2015); and 1915: Music, Memory, and the Great War (University of Illinois, March 10–11, 2015). The first of these, conducted in tandem with an undergraduate module taught by William Brooks, included numerous performances, presentations, and exhibits by students and scholars, including Gayle Magee, Christina Bashford, and Deniz Ertan, each of whom has contributed to the present volume. The second conference included papers by many of the other authors represented here, with yet others in attendance; it included a performance by a Canadian troupe that re-created an entertainment given by Canada’s legendary “Dumbells” at the western front during the war and a recital by tenor Justin Vickers and pianist Geoffrey Duce, who presented multiple settings by English and American composers of the iconic text “In Flanders Fields.”...
“Every Man in New York”
Authors: Magee Gayle
Published: May 2020

The sinking of the Lusitania and the subsequent shift in the United States from neutrality toward participation in World War I affected Charles Ives in both his music and his business as a life insurance executive. The tragedy’s effect on the insurance industry was far-reaching, and government proposals to supply insurance to soldiers were initially resisted. As an artist, Ives sided with the soldier as “everyman” in his war songs and in his use of the hymn “In the Sweet Bye and Bye” in “From Hanover Square North” and “The Things Our Fathers Loved.” Ives’s insurance firm suffered financial losses initially but then supported engagement, participating fully and generously in public initiatives like the Liberty Loan campaigns.
From the Great War to White Christmas
Authors: Magee Jeffrey
Published: May 2020

Irving Berlin’s all-soldier World War I revue, Yip Yip Yaphank, made a unique impact on Broadway in 1918 and in Berlin’s work for decades to come. The show forged a compelling and comic connection between theatrical conventions and military protocols, using elements from minstrelsy, the Ziegfeld Follies, and Berlin’s distinctive songs. Featuring such Berlin standards as “Sterling Silver Moon” (later revised as “Mandy”) and “Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning,” it was revised for World War II as This Is the Army, and scenes from it reappear, transformed, in Berlin’s films Alexander’s Ragtime Band and White Christmas.
Interlude: The Middle
Authors: Brooks William , Bashford Christina , Magee Gayle
Published: May 2020

The five composers discussed in part 1 lived and worked in musical communities, some of which were very small and others far-reaching. Charles Ives’s circle consisted of only his family and a very small number of friends, Frank Bridge had a modest reputation in London, Irving Berlin was a pervasive force in entertainment internationally, and Debussy and Sousa were iconic figures. But this is always the case: music is created for and within communities of practitioners and listeners. World War I, however, created new communities where none had existed, and it radically reshaped others that were of long standing....
Empire, Nation, and Music
Authors: Thompson Brian C.
Published: May 2020

Music in Canada during World War I illuminates the country’s history and cultural identity. In some ways it paralleled music in Britain: for the public, initial enthusiasm was followed by disillusionment and resistance to conscription; for soldiers, music was a diversion and an inspiration. The interplay between French- and English-speaking cultures, however, was unique to Canada. Le Passe-temps (Montreal) published many scores and articles that reflected Francophone concerns; and the Anglophone public and troops united in publishing various soldiers’ songbooks, some associated with specific regiments. Little memorial music was composed, but the war poem “In Flanders’ Fields” by Canadian John McCrae became a lasting and universal contribution to remembrance.
Of Stars, Soldiers, Mothers, and Mourning
Authors: Brooks William
Published: May 2020

Symbols like the service flag furthered community morale in the United States during World War I and evolved to engender memorial organizations like Gold Star Mothers. Music supported both, with three components of the industry—Tin Pan Alley, Kitchen Table publishing, and Song Sharks—differing in key respects: the participation of women composers and lyricists, the focus on mothers and loss, and the mix of ballads, waltz songs, and marches. As the war evolved, so did the responses, with the closing months and aftermath focusing increasingly on soldiers’ fatalities and the expression of grief and mourning. Postwar changes in style and dissemination marked the end of such collective expressions.
Tropical Exceptions
Authors: Tambe Ashwini
Published: May 2020

The book’s first chapter delves into the geopolitics of knowledge production about human puberty, asking, “At what age do girls gain the maturity to make sexual choices?” The chapter explores how the earliest efforts in the 1920s at the League of Nations to harmonize a common international age of sexual consent were undercut by ideas of climatic differences in the age of puberty for girls. These purported differences, which rested on a legacy of race science, functioned as code for racial difference in the League of Nations setting. The second section of the chapter demonstrates how the importance of climate in race science rose and fell at various points. Even if dominant understandings of race in the 1920s did not center upon climate, variations in temperature were treated in some fields, such as geography, obstetrics, and gynecology, as an acceptable explanation for the timing of menarche. This history illustrates the uneven commerce among natural science, practitioner knowledge, and folk conceptions. Ultimately, this chapter explains how scientific understandings about girls’ puberty at the beginning of the twentieth century embedded racial hierarchies between peoples and nations.
Curtailing Parents?
Authors: Tambe Ashwini
Published: May 2020

The book’s final chapter accounts for a 2006 Indian law banning child marriage as well as contemporary feminist dilemmas about lowering the age of sexual consent. This chapter tracks the efforts to reform the law on child marriage to make it easier to enforce. The context of legal changes following the 2012 gang rape of Jyoti Pandey is also explained. The chapter shows how feminists are calling for lowering, rather than raising, the age of consent, out of a recognition that the higher age of consent facilitates social control. The chapter uses the history offered in previous chapters to dissect the complexities of recent laws prohibiting child marriage and altering the age of consent. Ultimately, chapter 7 exposes how presumptions about the vulnerability of the adolescent girl can backfire when too much power is vested in parental hands.
Reconstructing Society and the Economy in the Ozarks
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2020

Chapter 5 charts the other part of the Reconstruction experience--the activities of social and economic reconstruction. Extending the story into the late 1880s, it follows the rapid construction of rail lines into much of the Ozarks, the heyday of steamboating on the region’s rivers, modest efforts at manufacturing, and the growth of the timber and mining industries. In addition, chapter 5 examines efforts to rebuild the public education systems of Arkansas and Missouri and Reconstruction-era movements to cultivate higher education in the Ozarks.
Introduction
Authors: Castañeda Christopher J. , Feu Montse
Published: May 2020

Hispanic intervention in the colonial history of the Americas is well-known.1 Much less understood is the modern Hispanic migration to, and struggle for freedom in, the United States. To better understand the complexities of this intersectional migration, we focus on the lives of Hispanic anarchists, libertarians, and free thinkers who rejected the hallmarks of traditional society—church, state, and capitalism—because they deemed those institutions to be oppressive and tyrannical. In their endeavor to create a truly equitable society built upon the ideals of liberty and justice for all, these anarchists developed a vibrant network of transnational periodicals from the late 19th through 20th centuries....
Red Florida in the Caribbean Red
Authors: Shaffer Kirwin R.
Published: May 2020

This chapter shows how anarchists in Florida played important roles in the Caribbean, the Cuban War for Independence in the 1890s, the early years of anarchist organization in Cuba after the U.S. occupation had ended in 1902, and labor conflicts impacting the regional tobacco industry. Florida has to be seen beyond its geopolitical confines of a U.S. state and rather as part of a transnational network linked to anarchist political and labor struggles in Cuba and Puerto Rico. As a result, the chapter emphasizes the transnational dimensions of Hispanic anarchism in the Caribbean, especially the movement of people, and the role of anarchist media in transferring money and ideas across the Florida Straits.
Spanish-speaking Anarchists in the United States
Authors: Seoane Susana Sueiro
Published: May 2020

This chapter analyzes Cultura Obrera (Labor Culture), published in New York City from 1911 to 1927. Pedro Esteve, the primary editor, gave expression to his ideas in this newspaper and while it represented Spanish firemen and marine workers, it reported on many other workers’ struggles in different parts of the world, for example, supporting and collecting funds for the Mexican revolutionary brothers Flores Magón. This newspaper, as all the anarchist press, was part of a transnational network and had a circulation not only in many parts of the United States but also in Latin American countries, including Argentina and Cuba, as well as on the other side of the Atlantic, in Spain and various European countries.
Traces of the Revista Única
Authors: Cohn Jesse
Published: May 2020

This chapter traces the story of a Spanish anarchist community in the industrial Midwest, its pattern of settlement and place in the transnational anarchist network. Jesse Cohn examines how a group of expatriate Spanish anarchists made their way from the Canal Zone to this little Ohio River valley town, located far from the large urban centers of immigrant radicalism. “R. Lone,” the pseudonym for a steelworker named Jesús Lóuzara de Andrés from Galicia (1891-1973) who was part of the Grupo “Los Iconoclastas,” published the Revista Única that reached out to the transnational anarchist community with a survey on anarchism and connected with the larger anarchist print network.
Keepsakes of the Revolution
Authors: Otayek Michel
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the literature produced by the CNT-FAI during the Spanish Civil War, with a focus on Estampas de la Revolución Española and ¿España? Un libro de imágenes sobre cuentos de miedo y calumnias fascistas. The author shows that the revolutionary narrative had the power to generate considerable media interest and mobilize public support beyond anarchist circles. However, the Foreign Propaganda Office failed to capitalize on the strengths of existing networks across the United States at a time of increased collaboration between Hispanic and non-Hispanic anarchist groups. As head of the Foreign Propaganda Office, Augustin Souchy developed and sought to carry out a propaganda production and distribution strategy that relied heavily on his links to anarchist networks across Europe, particularly in France and Sweden, while all but neglecting the renewed strength of the movement in North America.
Three Futures For California: The Orange County Trilogy
Authors: Markley Robert
Published: May 2020

The Orange County or Three Californias trilogy offers radically different histories of Southern California in the mid twenty-first century. In The Wild Shore, the survivors of a neutron-bomb attack live like post-apocalyptic, pioneers, foraging among the ruins of destroyed California cities, while Tom Barnard, a survivor from the twentieth century, preserves his own vision of a pre-apocalyptic past, shot through with myths, tall tales, and quickly vanishing knowledge. The Gold Coast depicts a quasi-dystopian future of cheap, cookie-cutter condominiums and sprawling, triple-decker freeways. In trying to recover California’s socioecological history, Jim McPherson struggles, as a writer and an activist, to imagine how a more just and sustainable society might emerge. Pacific Edge envisions a utopian society that has transformed the landscape of Orange County by its commitment to social, economic, and environmental justice. In a solar and wind-powered future, the land is not a passive backdrop but an active force in Kevin Clairborne’s fight to sustain the principles and practices of socioeconomic justice.
From Blaxploitation to Black Macho
Authors: Williamson Terrion L.
Published: May 2020

For commentators concerned with black cultural production in the contemporary era, there are few images more controversial than the angry black woman, particularly as it is reproduced within the confines of reality television. This chapter traces the lineage of the angry black woman back to key black feminist texts of the 1970s, arguing that the trope emerges out of a distinct sociopolitical history that was codified within both public policy and popular culture throughout the decade. Blaxploitation films became the site where black women’s anger was most visibly commodified, even as black women involved in an emergent black feminist movement worked to combat withering social commentaries that included Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s matriarchy thesis and sexist takedowns of black women writers like Ntozake Shange and Michele Wallace.
A Woman’s Trip
Authors: Colbert Soyica Diggs
Published: May 2020

This essay examines how the production, consumption, and adaptation of Shange’s play impacts black feminist collectivity as a response to communal violence. In For Colored Girls, an adaptation, filmmaker Tyler Perry commercializes Shange’s work, translating the radical form of the choreopoem into melodrama and normalizing the story of violence against women. In the decades between the premiere of the play (1974) and the debut of Perry’s film (2009), black feminists confront neoliberal assaults on collectivity. The adaptation of the play evidences the cultural impact of neoliberalism’s focus on individualism, transforming Shange’s play from a black feminist sacred object into a commercial one.
Hierarchies of Care
Authors: Van Vleet Krista E.
Published: May 2020

This book explores how young women navigate everyday moral dilemmas, develop understandings of self, and negotiate hierarchies of power, as they endeavor to “make life better” for themselves and their children. The ethnography is based on sixteen months of qualitative research (2009-2010, 2013, 2014) in an international NGO-run residence for young mothers and their children in the highland Andean region of Cusco, Peru. Drawing on feminist intersectionality theory, anthropological scholarship on reproduction and relatedness, and perspectives on the dialogical, or joint, production of social life and experience, this ethnography enriches understandings of ordinary life as the site of moral experience, and positions young women’s everyday practices, subjectivities, and hopes for the future at the story’s center. These mostly poor and working-class indigenous and mestiza girls care for their children and are positioned simultaneously as youth in need of care. As they seek to create a “good life” and future for themselves, these young women frame themselves as moral and modern individuals. Bringing attention to various dimensions of caring for, and caring by, young women illuminates broad social and political economic processes (deeply rooted gender inequalities, systemic racism, global humanitarianism) that shape their experiences and aspirations for the future. Tracing the micro-politics, everyday talk, and creative expression illuminates the dynamic processes through which individuals develop complex and changing senses of self, sociality, and morality.
Shaping (Modern) Mothers in Palomitáy
Authors: Van Vleet Krista E.
Published: May 2020

This chapter focuses on daily life in the residence and examines the ways that Palomitáy shapes caring by and caring for young mothers. Drawing on Morgan and Roberts’s concept of “reproductive governance,” the chapter describes the mundane practices and modes of caring for infants and toddlers as well as opportunities offered to young mothers, including formal education and enrichment activities. The support offered by Palomitáy may remove young women from precarious and even dangerous circumstances and enable girls to pursue aspirations for the future. Simultaneously, these opportunities and orientations govern care and are saturated by relationships of hierarchy, including racialized discourses of modernity and affective interaction between mother and child.
Conclusion
Authors: Van Vleet Krista E.
Published: May 2020

This chapter reflects on the broad implications of an ethnography of young mothers who are placed by the state into a residence run by an international humanitarian organization. It concludes by discussing the lives of young women once they leave Palomitáy, and argues that attention to moral experience and intimate involvement enables a deeper understanding of the entanglement of affective relationships and social, political, and economic inequality in individual lives. The chapter suggests that attention to young mothers challenges anthropological research on relatedness in the Andes. Highlighting youth as social agents who do the labor of care, even as they are positioned as vulnerable and in need of care, extends understanding of intimate arenas and state power and the emergence of moral experience in ordinary interactions.
Shared Selves
Authors: Bost Suzanne
Published: May 2020

Writing about marginalized lives has the power to shift norms. In telling their own stories, John Rechy, Aurora Levins Morales, Gloria Anzaldúa, and other Latinx writers make visible experiences and bodies that are rarely at the center of the stories we read, and they dramatize the complexity of human agencies and responsibilities. Yet the memoirs this book analyzes move beyond focus on the human as their subjects’ personal histories intertwine with communities, animals, spirits, and the surrounding environment. This interconnectedness resonates with critical developments in posthumanist theory as well as recalling indigenous worldviews that are “other-than-Humanist,” outside of Western intellectual genealogies. Bringing these two frameworks into dialogue with feminist theory, queer theory, disability studies, and ecocriticism enables an expansive way of viewing life itself. Rejecting the structures of Humanism, Shared Selves decenters the individualism of memoir and highlights the webs of relation that mediate experience, agency, and identity.
Writing Latinx Memoir
Authors: Bost Suzanne
Published: May 2020

Juxtaposes the works of two Puerto Rican–American writers: Judith Ortiz Cofer’s mixed-genre Silent Dancing: A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood with Irene Vilar’s companion memoirs, The Ladies Gallery and Impossible Motherhood: Testimony of an Abortion Addict. These texts use the genre of memoir to highlight the fragmentation of human life through migration, violence, pregnancy, suicide, and interdependence. Building from feminist and postmodernist studies of memoir and autobiography, this chapter lays the groundwork for subsequent analyses of memoirs that push against the thresholds of human being.
Community
Authors: Bost Suzanne
Published: May 2020

Analyzes the multiplication of autobiographical subjects in Rechy’s memoir (About My Life and the Kept Woman) as well as in his fiction, an interactive CD-ROM he helped produce, and performance art inspired by Rechy. These texts revolve around queer communal spaces, prefiguring contemporary theoretical work by Samuel Delaney and Judith/Jack Halberstam. Though Rechy and his characters claim to be narcissists, a vast web of connections links them to a cacophonous network of people, streets, parks, bars, animals, deserts, dirt, and garbage. Landscapes and seemingly marginal characters take the foreground at points and blend with the life of the supposedly central male protagonist. These blended agencies, the author argues, depersonalize the self.
Unsettled Scores
Authors: Bick Sally
Published: May 2020

Unsettled Scores treats the Hollywood activities of Aaron Copland and Hanns Eisler, who were among the earliest modernist composers to negotiate the collision of the high/low dichotomy within these two cultural realms. The social and political crises provoked by capitalism and war profoundly affected these ideals and, in turn, the men’s cultural and aesthetic thinking. Confronting and living through social crisis (Eisler during the instability of Weimar Germany and Copland through America’s Depression years), both composers experimented with new artistic forms and values, shaping their musical perspectives. Eventually, they turned to Hollywood, where they found possibilities to negotiate their distinct modernist aesthetics and political beliefs. The book approaches Copland’s and Eisler’s Hollywood activities through a dual study, pairing interpretations of their writings on the subject with close examination of their first film scores: Copland’s music for Lewis Milestone’s 1939 film Of Mice and Men and Eisler’s 1943 score for Hangmen Also Die!, directed by Fritz Lang. This study examines how the highly politicized and topical nature of these films appealed to each composer’s political ideologies concerning society and the human condition. Their scores became agents for political expression as they transformed their individual styles into the commercial sphere.
A Poetics of the Senses
Authors: Gemünden Gerd
Published: May 2020

Film images affect primarily the spectator’s senses, engaging him physiologically before he is in a position to respond intellectually.

—Siegfried Kracauer, Theory of Film

Lucrecia Martel’s most recent feature, Zama, opens to the titular hero striking a pose of grandeur, wearing a tricornered hat and bearing a sword, while standing proudly before an immense river. We soon learn that the waters behind him bear the sole promise for his future, namely a ship delivering the longed-for transferal from this backwater of the Spanish colony to the town where his wife and children live. As it turns out, this vessel never arrives, but through several ironic twists of fate, at the end of the film his boat finally does come in: badly injured and clinging on to dear life, the hero finds himself in a dugout canoe, slowly moving deeper into the wilderness and farther away from his planned destination, and history itself—an image of hope, not despair, as Martel has insisted....
The Myopia of Colonialism: Zama
Authors: Gemünden Gerd
Published: May 2020

Her latest feature to date, Zama, is a groundbreaking achievement. This chapter argues that Martel’s adaptation of Di Benedetto’s novel turns the modernist text into a postcolonial vision of the past that radically reimagines the position of women, slaves, and indigenous populations. Combining both meticulous research and a stunning artistic imagination, Zama provides a representation of the colony that refutes most North American and European productions while also exceeding efforts by contemporary Latin American filmmakers. Building on, and exceeding previous thematic concerns and stylistic preferences, the film must count as one of the most accomplished and complex films of the 21st century.
Trending
Authors: Powers Devon
Published: May 2020

Chapter 1 begins in early twentieth-century America and offers a prehistory of trend forecasting. The era saw society swiftly modernizing; in turn, the social sciences were producing a surfeit of data about life and culture. Observers, social critics, and government technocrats began to think of these data as predictive and explored how they could be used to make decisions and dampen uncertainty about the future. In light of these developments, “trends” emerged as a tool, allowing data to be used to anticipate change. The chapter highlights the 1933 study Recent Social Trends as a primary example of how trends could be used to manage uncertainty. The chapter also documents how trends served these ends in the burgeoning forecasting professions, including weather, economics, and fashion.
Cool Hunting
Authors: Powers Devon
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks at “cool hunting,” the brand of trend forecasting that took root around the world during the 1990s and 2000s. Companies of the era were becoming increasingly obsessed with understanding youth trends, thereby inspiring a fleet of upstart advisory companies spearheaded by young people. The chapter discusses how these services developed and popularized and pays close attention to the role of Malcolm Gladwell, whose 1997 New Yorker article “The Coolhunt” named and rapidly spread these practices.
Trends, Inc.
Authors: Powers Devon
Published: May 2020

Chapter 4 is about the contemporary trend forecasting industry. Drawing from the more than seventy interviews she conducted with trend professionals around the world, the author explains how forecasters observe, produce, and sell trends. The chapter argues that, in theory, trends purport to help clients understand and anticipate cultural change; in practice, however, trends increase uncertainty and get companies to further buy into the idea of constant change. The chapter draws connections between trend work and the constant drumbeat of innovation, disruption, and tech that infuses contemporary business.
Eventful Futures
Authors: Powers Devon
Published: May 2020

Chapter 6 explores the politics of trend forecasting. Deepening the focus from the previous chapter, it explores how trends can inadvertently import the biases of the present into future imaginaries. As a counterexample, the chapter highlights Afrofuturism, a genre of futures thinking that is both radical in its visions for the future and deeply connected to the historical legacies of blackness.
Here and There in a World of Turmoil, October 1937 to October 1939
Authors: Chalfa Ruyter Nancy Lee
Published: May 2020

This chapter covers the return of La Meri and Carreras to the United States and their work in New York, including La Meri’s first totally “ethnic” dance concert. Then it discusses their next Latin American tour (February to August, 1938), some months in Italy, engagements in London, a United States tour (February to April, 1939), and their third and last Latin American tour. As World War II was beginning, they abruptly had to sail back to the United States. Of course, that disaster made it unfeasible to return to Italy, so they settled in New York—the best choice at the time.