bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Исследование пространственной динамики включения лазера-тиристора (905 нм) на основе многопереходной гетероструктуры AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs
Authors: Подоскин А.А. , Гаврина П.С. , Головин В.С. , Слипченко С.О. , Романович Д.Н. , Капитонов В.А. , Мирошников И.В. , Пихтин Н.А. , Багаев Т.А. , Ладугин М.А. , Мармалюк А.А. , Симаков В.А.
Published: February 2021

The switching on process spatial dynamics of a laser-thyristor based on an AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructure with a thin p-base has been studied. The heterostructure had a modified base with a middle-doped layer at the n-emitter, which makes it possible to increase the operating voltages in order to generate nanosecond current pulses. In laser thyristor pulsed sources based on the proposed heterostructure, a high degree of current flow region localization arising during turn on process of the device was demonstrated. Using the current localization regions luminescence, the propagation dynamics of the switched-on state was estimated. The anode contact sizes required for the nanosecond range pulsed current switches or laser emitters development are obtained.
Темплатный метод синтеза монодисперсных наночастиц MoS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Стовпяга Е.Ю. , Курдюков Д.А. , Кириленко Д.А. , Смирнов А.Н. , Швидченко А.В. , Яговкина М.А. , Голубев В.Г.
Published: February 2021

Monodisperse molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles were synthesized in mesopores of spherical silica particles (mSiO2) served as a template. First, the pores of mSiO2 particles were impregnated with the precursor (ammonium tetrathiomolybdate solution). Then, the reduction of the filler in thermodynamically equilibrium conditions in H2S/H2 atmosphere was carried out. The template material (a-SiO2) was selectively etched from the composite mSiO2/MoS2 particles with HF to obtain individual MoS2 nanoparticles. The mean size of MoS2 nanoparticles determined by microscopic methods was found to be 3.5 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the nanoparticles had low size scatter (18%).
Understanding Adolescents’ Perceptions and Aspirations Towards Their Relationship With Personal Technology: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jee Muhammad , Khan Alsa , Nazneen Nazneen
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Understanding adolescents' relationship with technology is a pressing topic in this digital era. There seem to be both beneficial and detrimental implications that originate from use of technology by adolescents. Approximately 95% of adolescents have access to a smartphone, and several studies show a positive correlation between screen addiction and trends of anxiety and depression. At the same time, research shows that two-thirds of adolescents believe that technology is a necessity for connecting and making new friends.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this formative study was to understand adolescents' perception of their own and others’ relationship with personal technology.

METHODS

A survey was conducted with 619 adolescents ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. Adolescents were asked how they perceived the relationship with their personal technology, how they perceived others' (parents, siblings, or friends) relationship with personal technology, and how they wish to relate to their personal technology in the future.

RESULTS

"Essential,” “Distractive,” and “Addictive” were the most commonly selected descriptors to describe both adolescents' own relationship with technology (essential: 106/619, 17.1%; distractive: 105/619, 17%; addictive: 88/619, 14.2% ) and others’ relationship as well (essential: 96/619, 15.6%; distractive: 88/619, 14.3%; addictive: 90/619, 14.5%). Adolescents selected “Provides an escape” more to describe their own relationship with technology. Whereas, they selected “It's just a tool” and “Creates Barrier” more to describe others' relationship with technology. These trends are consistent across ages and genders. In addition, adolescents' aspirations for their relationship with their personal technology varied across ages: 13 to 15-year olds' top choice was “best friend”, 16 to 17-year olds’ top choice was “I don't believe in personal connection with mobile technology,” and 18 to 19-year olds’ top choice was “My personal assistant.”

CONCLUSIONS

Our 3-lens method allows us to examine how adolescents perceive their relationship with personal technology in comparison to others, as well as their future technological aspirations. Our findings suggest that adolescents see both communalities as well as differences in their own and others' relationships with technology. Their future aspirations for personal technology vary across age and gender. These preliminary findings will be examined further in our follow-up research.
ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В СНК «СКИФ» ДЛЯ МОБИЛЬНЫХ И ВСТРАИВАЕМЫХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Петричкович Я. , Кузнецов Д. , Корольков С. , Иванников А. , Аликберов И. , Солохина Т. , Меньшенин Л.
Published: February 2021

В АО НПЦ «ЭЛВИС» разработана 11 ядерная гетерогенная система на кристалле «Скиф», предназначенная для построения мобильных и встраиваемых интеллектуальных систем, в которых требуется сложная обработка данных в условиях ограниченного энергопотребления и обеспечения доверенности. В статье рассмотрены ключевые особенности интегрированной технологии информационной безопасности, реализованной как в отдельной СнК «Скиф», так и в составе единой отечественной технологической платформы, предлагаемой НПЦ «ЭЛВИС».
ВЫСОКОЧАСТОТНАЯ БЕСПРОВОДНАЯ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРА 5G ТРЕБУЕТ НОВОГО ПОДХОДА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ПЕЧАТНЫХ ПЛАТ
Authors: Соломон Б.
Published: February 2021

В выходящем сегодня на рынок новом поколении АОИ реализуются технологии контроля, позволяющие в автоматическом режиме осуществлять контрольные операции, ранее производившиеся вручную, а также интегрировать в одной системе несколько функций, до сих пор выполнявшихся несколькими отдельными установками.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗРАБОТКИ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО СВЧ-ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛЯ
Authors: Коренев А. , Гошин Г.
Published: February 2021

Описаны конструкция и некоторые особенности контактной системы СВЧ-переключателя, разработанного и серийно выпускаемого на АО «Иркутский релейный завод». Разработанное изделие по своим характеристикам не уступает СВЧ-переключателям зарубежного производства.
Educación superior tecnológica y movilidad social. Un estudio longitudinal basado en historias de vida
Authors: Flores-Crespo Pedro , Rodríguez-Arias Nadyra
Published: February 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito central explorar cómo la educación superior tecnológica contribuye a la movilidad social y de manera específica, qué cambios en términos educativos, ocupacionales y de ingresos han experimentado los egresados durante su trayectoria de vida. Esto se realiza mediante un estudio longitudinal de panel que recabó información de un grupo de egresados en el nivel de Técnico Superior Universitario en una de las universidades tecnológicas de México: la de Tula-Tepeji. Con base en los datos obtenidos, se encuentra que los egresados han podido alcanzar una movilidad educativa intergeneracional y cambios en su estatus ocupacional, así como en su poder adquisitivo al indagar sus ingresos salariales. Asimismo, se observan cambios de idiosincrasia sobre la percepción de la escolaridad como una herramienta para ser exitoso, es decir, logran romper con ciertos patrones culturales transmitidos de sus abuelos hacia sus padres respecto de la educación, lo cual propició maneras distintas de elegir. Esto señala una racionalidad más compleja que se sugiere analizar en estudios futuros.
Educación artística y autonomía universitaria en México: orígenes de la Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad Nacional (1929-1936)
Authors: Beristáin-Cardoso José-Ángel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo tiene como principal objetivo develar los orígenes de la Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad Nacional en sus distintos momentos nodales: el conflicto de autonomía y la segregación de los músicos del conservatorio, la creación de la facultad de música y la organización de su propia orquesta dentro de un campo en un tiempo y espacio definido, en el contexto de los gobiernos posrevolucionarios. En este campo se discutieron y debatieron los problemas comunes en lugares comunes como sucedió en las sesiones extraordinarias de las asambleas para la creación de una nueva escuela de música universitaria. En esta investigación se sientan bases para el estudio de la transición del Departamento de Extensión Universitaria al Departamento de Acción Social, de la Orquesta de la Facultad de Música a la Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad Nacional, así como de la formación integral del músico universitario.
Incorporación de la Ley de Gratuidad al Sistema de Educación Superior en Chile: la prolongación del subsidio a la demanda y la privatización del financiamiento público
Authors: Rodríguez-Garcés Carlos , Padilla-Fuentes Geraldo
Published: February 2021

Utilizando datos oficiales, este artículo analiza los cambios que la nueva ley de Acceso Gratuito a la Educación Superior en Chile introdujo al financiamiento público, captación institucional y tasas de cobertura. Entre los resultados destaca la significativa inyección de recursos públicos pese al escaso nivel de cobertura alcanzado, una fuerte tendencia a su privatización y baja adhesión institucional. Con su implementación y gradualidad, esta ley acentúa la lógica del voucher, de acceso restringido y focalizado, mientras las instituciones, en un análisis de costo-beneficio, evalúan la captación de recursos y reducción de autonomía por regulación fiscal.
As experiências de famílias com filhos autistas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Braga dos Anjos Brenna , Araújo de Morais Normanda
Published: February 2021

Uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica nacional e internacional sobre autismo e família analisou 91 artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2020. Prevaleceram artigos internacionais, empíricos, com delineamento qualitativo, realizados com cuidadores, com foco em experiências que levam a altos níveis de estresse, depressão e sobrecarga familiar. A análise de conteúdo dos artigos gerou quatro categorias: vivências, desafios e manutenção das relações familiares (n= 38); recursos e estratégias para enfrentar os desafios (n= 29); subsistema fraterno (n= 10); e rede de apoio social (n= 14). Os resultados são úteis para pensar pesquisas e trabalhos voltados para famílias com crianças autistas a partir de perspectivas ainda pouco estudadas e que incluem seus aspectos positivos e fortalecedores na leitura das adversidades vivenciadas.
Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo Escolar (EBESE): elaboração e validação de uma medida para avaliação educacional
Authors: Dias-Viana João Lucas , Porto Noronha Ana Paula
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento da Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo Escolar (EBESE) e investigar suas propriedades psicométricas. Realizou-se o processo de elaboração de itens e validação do conteúdo, bem como a realização de estudo de evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna e cálculo dos coeficientes de consistência interna. Participaram 434 estudantes brasileiros, do 7ª ano do Ensino Fundamental ao 2º ano do Ensino Médio, ambos os sexos, com idades entre 12 e 19 anos (M= 14,88; DP= 1,70). Os resultados indicaram, por meio de análises fatoriais exploratórias uma estrutura com três fatores, com índices de ajuste considerados adequados e coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,91. Conclui-se que a EBESE apresentou bons índices de consistência interna e uma estrutura fatorial de acordo com a teoria subjacente. O instrumento tem a sua importância por possibilitar a avaliação dos níveis de bem-estar do aluno, subsidiando intervenções e melhorias no contexto escolar.
Forças de caráter: evidências de uma escala e prevalência no Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Neves Couto Ricardo , Nunes da Fonsêca Patrícia , Nascimento da Silva Paulo Gregório , Cavalcante Bezerra de Medeiros Paloma
Published: February 2021

Objetiva-se verificar a prevalência das forças de caráter nos nordestinos, especificamente, reunir novas evidências psicométricas da Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC). Contou-se com uma amostra de 383 pessoas (Midade= 27,81; DP= 10,83) oriunda em sua maioria da Paraíba, Brasil (24,3%), do sexo feminino (65,4%) e solteira (73,1%), que responderam a EFC e questões demográficas. Uma Análise Fatorial Exploratória indicou a unidimensionalidade da escala, as 24 forças saturando no fator com valor próprio igual a 9,69, explicando 43% da variância e cargas fatoriais de 0,41 (perdão) até 0,72 (vitalidade). O alfa de Cronbach (0,94) e ômega de McDonald (0,95) indicaram precisão satisfatória. Ademais, estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas identificando as forças mais prevalentes no Nordeste, respectivamente: gratidão, bondade, curiosidade, imparcialidade, amor ao aprendizado e esperança. Discute-se que a EFC reúne evidências para sua utilização e se discute a influência da cultura e região na prevalência das forças.
Development of propagation protocol for the endangered species Phlomoides superba (Royle ex Benth.) Kamelin & Makhm.
Authors:   Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun-248195, Uttarakhand, India, Srivastava Amber
Published: February 2021

The low regeneration potential is one of the main causes of the depleting population of threatened species. Phlomoides superba an endangered species is facing depletion in its natural habitats due to various causes including habitat destruction, low regeneration and exploitation. The ornamental potential of this species makes it suitable for cultivation in gardens for sake of both ex-situ conservation and beautification as well. Because of this, a suitable mass scale propagation protocol is required to prevent wild exploitation of this species for commercial use and also for its reintroduction in suitable habitats.
Predicting habitat suitability of Selaginella adunca A.Br. ex Hieron., an endangered and endemic fern-allies of Western Himalaya
Authors:   Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun-248195, Uttarakhand, India, Srivastava Amber
Published: February 2021

Selaginella adunca is a quite distinct and rare species of Selaginella found in Western Himalaya. This species is reported only from few populations occurring in India and Nepal. Since most of its reported habitats are under anthropogenic pressure, therefore for proper conservation of this species it is necessary to mark the suitable habitat for its conservation and reintroduction. The present study was aimed to find out the suitable habitat of this species through ecological niche modelling (ENM) technique using Maxent model. This will also help in relocating the species in other preferred habitat type and its reintroduction as well.
Eight families of Bryophytes as new distributional records for Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors:   Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India, Sreenath Ananthaneni , Anjaneyulu Paradesi ,   Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India, Nagesh S. M. ,   Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India, Kumar M. Anil ,   Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India, Rao Boyina Ravi Prasad ,   Biodiversity Conservation Division, Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ananthapuramu-515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: February 2021

Eight families (two liverworts; six mosses) of Bryophytes, with ten representative species viz., Liverworts- Cephaloziellaceae (Cephaloziella kiaeri, Cylindrocolea tagawae), Porellaceae (Porella acutifolia); Mosses- Erpodiaceae (Solmsiella biseriata), Hylocomiaceae (Leptohymenium tenue), Myuriaceae (Myurium perplexum), Pterigynandraceae (Pterigynandrum filiforme), Sematophyllaceae (Sematophyllum humile and Sematophyllum subhumile), and Trachypodaceae (Bryowijkia ambigua) are new distributional records for the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.
O PLANO DE PARENTALIDADE COMO INSTRUMENTO DE SALVAGUARDA DA INTEGRIDADE PSIQUICA DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Rocha Maria Vital da , Macedo Larissa de Alencar Pinheiro
Published: February 2021

As dinâmicas das relações familiares, após o desfazimento da vida conjugal, devem ser guiadas tendo como ponto central a manutenção dos laços de afetividade entre pais e filhos. Nesta conjuntura, propõe-se a utilização do plano de parentalidade como ferramenta de estabilização dos anseios dos genitores, com a construção de um caminho de escuta, entendimento e oportunidades de acolhimento e empatia, destacando as responsabilidades dos partícipes nos contextos de convivência, propiciando um ambiente de afeto, para o bem-estar emocional da criança e do adolescente. Considerando esta preocupação, o presente artigo visa realizar um estudo acerca do plano de parentalidade, para mostrar como o mesmo pode ser utilizado na salvaguarda da integridade psíquica da criança e do adolescente, a partir do diálogo e dos acordos parentais. A pesquisa adota o método dedutivo, marcadamente qualitativa e de natureza exploratória e foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira, faz um estudo do plano de parentalidade, evidenciando a sua importância como estabilizador das relações parentais. Na última, faz um paralelo entre o plano de parentalidade e sua relevância para a preservação da integridade psíquica da criança e do adolescente, com foco nos direitos da personalidade. Ao final, mostra a possibilidade de instrumentalização do plano de parentalidade no direito brasileiro, como mecanismo de harmonização dos conflitos e atendimento das demandas familiares, tendo como vetor o princípio do melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente e o livre desenvolvimento da personalidade e da integridade psíquica dos menores, mediante o estabelecimento de um ambiente de convivência saudável.
A RELEVÂNCIA DA PRÉ-COMPREENSÃO ECOCÊNTRICA COMO VARIÁVEL INTERPRETATIVA CONSTITUCIONAL NA MENSURAÇÃO DA INTENSIDADE DA PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL ESTATAL NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Reato Talissa Truccolo , Calgaro Cleide , Steinmetz Wilson Antônio
Published: February 2021

O objetivo basilar desta pesquisa é analisar a relevância da pré-compreensão ecocêntrica como uma das variáveis interpretativas constitucionais na mensuração da intensidade da proteção ambiental estatal na América Latina. A metodologia foi desenvolvida mediante leitura pelo método hipotético-dedutivo. Trata-se de pesquisa básica, exploratória e bibliográfica, estruturada em quatro partes. A parte inicial aborda a interpretação constitucional consoante Konrad Hesse e Cass Sunstein. O segundo momento retrata a pré-compreensão interpretativa segundo Martin Heidegger e Hans-Georg Gadamer. A terceira parte aborda antropocentrismo e ecocentrismo como pré-compreensões e a relação com o Constitucionalismo da América Latina. O fragmento final retrata a mensuração da intensidade da proteção ambiental conforme a pré-compreensão ecocêntrica na América Latina.
O PRINCÍPIO DA TRÍPLICE RESPONSABILIDADE COMPARTILHADA: UMA ANÁLISE DO PAPEL DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES RELIGIOSAS E SEUS MEMBROS NA SOCIEDADE CIVIL PARA A GARANTIA DOS DIREITOS DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Custódio André Viana , Zaro Jadir
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a tríplice responsabilidade compartilhada, destacada no sistema de garantia dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes, acentuando o papel das organizações religiosas e de seus membros, em vista da maior efetivação dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Abordando o sistema de garantia de direitos de crianças e adolescentes, questiona-se sobre qual o papel e a importância das organizações religiosas na efetivação do princípio da tríplice responsabilidade compartilhada. Inicia-se descrevendo a responsabilidade compartilhada dos direitos da criança e do adolescente e nela o papel das organizações religiosas e de seus membros. Além disso, segue-se abordando a responsabilidade das organizações religiosas e dos seus membros frente as questões jurídicas, sociais e legais, a fim de demonstrar a maior efetivação dos direitos da criança e do adolescente, a partir da responsabilidade positiva e compartilhada com a atuação das organizações religiosas. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o dedutivo e o método de procedimento monográfico foi o de técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a tríplice responsabilidade compartilhada, quando realmente assumida e presente na identidade institucional das organizações religiosas, encontra maior aceitação e efetivação, pois responde a obrigação legal, cumpre a finalidade estatutária e se identifica aos princípios institucionais e de seus membros.
A EXEGESE DO TEXTO DE NERATIUS D. 18, 3, 5: A LEX COMMISSORIA COMO CONDIÇÃO RESOLUTIVA NO CONTRATO DE COMPRA E VENDA
Authors: Hirata Alessandro , Silva Beatriz Hernandes
Published: February 2021

A lex commissoria é elemento acidental adicionado aos contratos de compra e venda, e, a partir de Nerácio, passou a ser entendida como cláusula suspensivamente condicionada, mediante a qual, identificado o decurso do prazo sem que o comprador adimplisse a prestação, operava-se a resolução contratual, extinguindo a relação jurídica. A lex commissoria decorria do próprio instrumento contratual, de maneira expressa, de modo a exteriorizar a intenção resolutiva das partes caso o adimplemento não ocorresse no prazo avençado. Entretanto, já no Direito Romano, o vendedor podia exercer o jus variandi, pois facultava-se ao credor exigir a contraprestação devida, ou resolver o contrato, reavendo para si a res e os frutos percebidos enquanto pendente a condição. Apesar das diferenças verificadas entre os institutos, principalmente em virtude de que a resolução contratual no Direito Romano restringia-se aos contratos aos quais era adicionada a lex commissoria, enquanto que hoje é regra geral aplicada aos negócios jurídicos bilaterais (artigo 475 do CC/02), a principal característica mantida é a tentativa de o ordenamento jurídico extirpar o enriquecimento sem causa, reestabelecendo o status quo ante.
Classification of Cocoa Beans Based on their Level of Fermentation using Spectral Information
Authors: Sánchez Karen , Bacca Jorge , Arévalo-Sánchez Laura , Arguello Henry , Castillo Sergio
Published: February 2021

Cocoa beans are the most important raw material for the chocolate industry and an essential product for the economy of tropical countries such as Colombia. Their price mainly depends on their quality, which is determined by various aspects, such as good agricultural practices, their harvest point, and level of fermentation. The entities that regulate the international marketing of cocoa beans have been encouraging the development of new classification methods that, compared to current techniques, could save time, reduce waste, and increase the number of evaluated beans. In particular, hyperspectral images are a novel tool for food quality control. However, studies that have examined some quality parameters of cocoa using spectroscopy also involve the chemical evaluation of cocoa powder and liquor and the interior of the beans, which implies an invasive analysis, longer times, and waste generation. Therefore, in this paper, we assess the quality of cocoa beans based on their level of fermentation using a noninvasive system to obtain hyperspectral information, as well as fast image processing and spectral classification techniques. We obtained hyperspectral images of 90 cocoa beans in the range between 350 and 950 nm in an optical laboratory. In addition, each cocoa bean was classified according to its fermentation level: slightly fermented (SF), correctly fermented (CF), and highly fermented (HF). We compared this classification with that carried out by experts from the Colombia National Federation of Cocoa Growers and reported in the Colombian technical standard No. 1252. The results show that the level of fermentation of dried cocoa beans can be estimated using noninvasive hyperspectral image acquisition and processing techniques.
Caracterización morfológica del SARS-CoV-2 mediante microscopía electrónica
Authors: Buitrago-Sierra Robison , Guzmán Álvaro , Santa-Marín Juan Felipe
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sobre la caracterización morfológica del virus SARS-CoV-2 mediante microscopía electrónica. Se presenta una revisión sobre los aspectos técnicos más relevantes para la preparación de las muestras usadas por varios autores en la literatura. En los detalles finos de la preparación radica el éxito en la obtención de las imágenes. Además, se presentan los detalles relacionados con la bioseguridad. Finalmente, se realiza una descripción de las principales características morfológicas del virus a partir de las imágenes disponibles en la literatura. La morfología del virus se caracteriza por la forma tipo corona en su superficie. La corona está formada por espigas y otras proteínas que forman una capa en la superficie, la cuales se utilizan para unir y penetrar sus células huésped a través de la membrana celular.
Udsat for inddragelse: Aktiv medborger eller praktisk gris? Brugerperspektiver på inddragelse i socialt arbejde
Authors: Müller Maja
Published: February 2021

Inddragelse af borgerne i udviklingen af vores velfærdsindsatser er i dag encentral værdi og tilgang i den offentlige sektors styringsform. Fra et borgerperspektivudfolder denne artikel inddragelse som fænomen i samskabelsesprocessermed udsatte borgere på det sociale område. Med dette perspektivbidrager artiklen til den eksisterende litteratur med en nuanceret forståelse afborgerinddragelse ud fra et bottum-up-perspektiv. Ud fra en teoretisk inddragelsestypologitages der empirisk afsæt i tre cases på sociale væresteder, derrepræsenterer tre inddragelsesformer, hvor borgernes grad af involvering ogroller varierer. Analysen identificerer inddragelse ud fra borgenes perspektivsom: Indflydelse, social deltagelse og praktisk inddragelse. Disse tre dimensionerbeskriver og kendetegner brugernes oplevelser, samt hvad de får udaf at deltage. Analysen peger på, at det ikke er inddragelsesformen, der harstørst betydning, men derimod brugernes udsatte position, som afgør, hvorvidtde oplever og vægter at få indflydelse, udvikle sociale relationer ellerudføre praktiske opgaver og udvikle praktiske kompetencer. Afslutningsvistdiskuteres det, hvorledes en forståelse for borgernes udsathed og anvendelseaf deres perspektiver i socialt arbejdes praksis fremadrettet kan bidrage tilen differentieret form for inddragelse, der på sigt i højere grad kan inkludereudsatte borgere i udviklingen af sociale indsatser samt i samskabelses- og netværkssamfundet.
Counterfeit medicines: a pilot study for chemical profiling employing a different proposal of an usual technique
Authors: Santos Maíra , Kahmann Alessandro , Manica Caffarate Luiza , Ribas Ucha Laura , Pereira Limberger Renata , S. Ortiz Rafael
Published: February 2021

Gas chromatography (GC) is a gold standard technique used in forensic laboratories, including for the characterization of counterfeit medicines. When coupled simultaneously to flame ionization (FID) and mass detector (MS) allow the identification and quantification of medicines and drugs employing a single method, besides permitting the application of chemometric tools for forensic intelligence purposes. Here is presented a pilot project that developed and applied a qualitative method for the analysis of counterfeit medicines comprised by amphetamine-type stimulants and antidepressants, through a simple extraction procedure followed by GC-FID/MS analysis, with application of exploratory tools by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The main purpose was to identify similarities between the all compounds detected in the irregular medicines allowing the traceability of illicit producers with the creation of a common data base. Through the analyses it was verified that different producers of counterfeit medicines labeled as Sibutramine, added a mixture of Caffeine and Benzocaine in their formulation, respecting the same ratio of 2.2:1. HCA was able to confirm these results, showing the presence of both falsifications in the same cluster, representing the best tool to identify similar characteristics among the samples – when compared to PCA. Other interesting finding was the use of Fluoxetine as a falsification of counterfeit medicines labeled as Sibutramine and Diethylpropion. Another seized sample labeled as “Nobesio Forte”, marketed as a mix of stimulants, showed only Caffeine and Lidocaine in its formulation. The pilot project applied primarily to 45 samples of counterfeit medicines containing amphetamine-type stimulants and antidepressants, showed the capability of perform the chemical profiling of counterfeit medicines in the solid form - powder, capsules and tablets. Further analysis can be performed for different types of medicines in solid form using the developed method, allowing the construction of a single database to perform the chemical profiling of counterfeit medicines, enabling the traceability of illicit producers.
Simple method for simultaneous quantification of two new derivatives of betulinic and ursolic acids with antimalarial activity by RP-HPLC-UV-CAD
Authors: Trevisan Secretti Leonardo , Pereira Andrea , Baggio Gnoatto Simone Cristina , Maronesi Bueno Lívia , Lukasewics Ferreira Pâmela , Froehlich Pedro Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Endemic in more than 90 countries and territories, malaria is the most widely, populational, and geographically, parasitic disease in the world. Plasmodium sp. resistance to available drugs is one of the biggest problems for malaria eradication. In this study, we develop a method for the simultaneous determination of two new derivatives of betulinic and ursolic acids with antimalarial activity designated 3-O-butanoylbetulinic and 3-O-butanoylursolic acids. An analytical method was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled, in series, to ultraviolet (UV) and charged aerosol (CAD) detectors. The chromatographic system, operated isocratically by reversed-phase, consisted in a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: water pH 3.0 adjusted with formic acid (85:15, v/v), flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and a PhenoSphere Next octadecylsilane column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size). Chromatograms were recorded simultaneously in UV and CAD, at a concentration of 50 µg mL-1, an injection volume of 20 μL at a controlled temperature of 50 °C. The method was found to be selective, linear (r > 0.99), precise (RSD < 2.0%), accurate, and robust for both analytes, and considered statistically validated, and can be applied to the identification and quantification of these new drug candidates.
Pharmacopoeial HPLC methodology improvement: A case study of piroxicam
Authors: Caet Mikaelly P. , Monsores Millena A. , Machado Anna K.M.S. , Barth Thiago , Sangoi Maximiliano S. , Todeschini Vítor
Published: February 2021

In the present study, a simple, stability-indicating and cost-effective reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of piroxicam in commercial and masterful formulation capsules as an alternative to existing methods. The improved HPLC method was carried out on a C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm), maintained at 30 °C. The mobile-phase consisted of a solution of triethylamine 0.3% pH 5.0 and acetonitrile (70:30; v/v), run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and using photodiode array (PDA) detection at 248 nm. The chromatographic separation is obtained with retention time of 6.8 min, presenting adequate system suitability parameters for HPLC analysis. Validation parameters such as the specificity, linearity, matrix effect, precision, accuracy and robustness were evaluated in accordance with the ICH Q2(R1) and Brazil RDC 166/17 requirements, giving satisfactory results within the acceptable range. The proposed method was successfully validated and applied for piroxicam analysis, contributing to improve the quality control, and can be used as easy, accurate, low time-consuming alternative to pharmacopeial quantification methodology of drug.
Analysis of seized stanozolol formulations in South Brazil by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry
Authors: Campos Everton Rafael , Eller Sarah , Birk Leticia , Coimbra Masurquede Azevedo , Macedo Sandra Manoela Dias , Yonamine Mauricio , Merib Josias Oliveira , Oliveira Tiago Franco de
Published: February 2021

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone which are used medically for several diseases. However, misuse is commonly observed by athletes to promote enhancement of strength and performance. AAS are frequently obtained through online black markets from clandestine drug manufacturing laboratories, without any quality standards, being potentially dangerous for users. The purpose of this work was the development and application of a fast and simple procedure for the quantitation of stanozolol by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) in tablets packs seized in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The samples of stanozolol were separated considering its dosage form. The internal standard (methyltestosterone) was added to the aliquots of the samples, dissolved in methanol and 5μL were injected into the analytical system. The newly developed method has been validated for lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity. The LLOQ was 0.1 µg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied to 31 samples seized by the Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (a Brazilian federal revenue service agency). According to the results, 90.3% of the suspected medicines (n=31) were adulterated, and 65% exhibited higher concentrations of stanozolol than those indicated in the label. This work successfully established a new method for quantification of stanozolol using LC-QTOF-MS. This method aims at contributing to the identification and quantification of this anabolic androgenic steroid frequently seized by federal inspection agencies.
Production of Butyrate and Branched Chain Amino Acid Catabolic Byproducts by CHO Cells in Fed-batch Culture Enhances their Specific Productivity
Authors: Harrington Cameron , Kalomeris Taylor , Jacobs Michaela , Hiller Gregory , Mulukutla Bhanu Chandra
Published: February 2021

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in fed-batch cultures produce several
metabolic byproducts derived from amino acid catabolism, some of which
accumulate to growth inhibitory levels. Controlling the accumulation of
these byproducts has been shown to significantly enhance cell
proliferation. Interestingly, some of these byproducts have
physiological roles that go beyond inhibition of cell proliferation. In
this study, we show that, in CHO cell fed-batch cultures, branched chain
amino acid (BCAA) catabolism contributes to the formation of butyrate, a
novel byproduct that is also a well-established specific productivity
enhancer. Further, the other byproducts of BCAA catabolism, isovalerate
and isobutyrate, which accumulate in CHO cell fed-batch cultures also
enhance specific productivity. Additionally, the rate of production of
these BCAA catabolic byproducts was negatively correlated with glucose
uptake and lactate production rates. Limiting glucose supply to suppress
glucose uptake and lactate production, like in case of fed-batch
cultures employing HiPDOG technology, significantly enhances BCAA
catabolic byproduct accumulation resulting in higher specific
productivities.
Combining point counts and autonomous recording units improves survey efficacy across elevational gradients on two continents
Authors: Drake Anna , Zwaan Devin de , Altamirano Tomás , Wilson Scott , Hick Kristina , Bravo Camila , IBARRA JOSE , Martin Kathy
Published: February 2021

1. Accurate biodiversity and population monitoring is a requirement for
effective conservation decision-making. Survey method bias is therefore
a concern, particularly when research programs face logistical and cost
limitations. 2. We employed point counts (PCs) and autonomous recording
units (ARUs) to survey avian biodiversity across elevational gradients
in comparable temperate mountain habitats at opposite ends of the
Americas (9 mountains in British Columbia (BC), Canada and 10 in
southern Chile). We compared detected species richness against
multi-year species inventories and examined differences in detection
probability by family. By incorporating time costs, we assessed the
performance and efficiency of single vs. combined methods. 3. ARUs were
predicted to capture ~92% of species present in BC but
only ~58% in Chile, despite Chilean mountain
communities being less diverse. Community, rather than landscape
composition, appears to be the driver of this dramatic difference.
Chilean communities contain less-vocal species, which ARUs missed.
Further, 6/14 families in BC were better detected by ARUs while 11/11
families in Chile were better detected by PCs. Where survey conditions
differentially impacted methods, PC detection varied over the morning
and with canopy cover in BC and ARU detection probability mostly varied
seasonally in Chile. Within a single year of monitoring, neither method
alone was predicted to capture the full avian community, with the
exception of ARUs in the alpine and subalpine of BC. PCs contributed
little to detected diversity in BC, but including this method resulted
in negligible increases in total time costs. Combining PCs with ARUs in
Chile significantly increased species detections, again, for little
cost. 4. Combined methods were among the most efficient and accurate
approaches to capturing diversity. We recommend conducting observer
point counts, where possible, when ARUs are deployed and retrieved, in
order to capture additional diversity and flag methodology biases with
minimal additional effort.
Time lags and the invasion debt in plant naturalisations
Authors: Duncan Richard
Published: February 2021

Ecological processes often exhibit time lags. For plant invasions, lags
of decades to centuries between species’ introduction and establishment
in the wild (naturalisation) are common, leading to the idea of an
invasion debt: accelerating rates of introduction result in an expanding
pool of introduced species that will naturalise in the future. Here, I
show how a concept from survival analysis, the hazard function, provides
an intuitive way to understand and forecast time lags. For plant
naturalisation, theoretical arguments predict that lags between
introduction and naturalisation will have a unimodal distribution, and
that increasing horticultural activity will cause the mean and variance
of lag times to decline over time. These predictions were supported by
data on introduction and naturalisation dates for plant species
introduced to Britain. While increasing trade and horticultural activity
can generate an invasion debt by accelerating introductions, the same
processes could lower that debt by reducing lag times.
Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xiao Hong , Feng Zhoushan , Kong Juan , Lai Yiyu , Jia Chunhong , Xu Zhanyuan , Wu Fan , Cui Qiliang , Chen Yaoyong
Published: February 2021

Abstract Background: The effects of minimally invasive surfactant
administration (MISA) in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory
distress syndrome (NRDS) are unclear. Methods: We searched randomized
controlled trials (RCTs) and compared MISA techniques with intubation
for surfactant delivery in preterm infants with NRDS in PubMed, Embase,
Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Results: Thirteen RCTs (1931
infants) were included in the meta-analysis. The use of MISA techniques
decrease the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks,
pneumothorax, and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus
(hsPDA) (Risk Ratio(RR) : 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.46 to
0.75, p < .0001; RR : 0.60, 95% CI : 0.39 to 0.93, p= .02 and
RR : 0.88, 95% CI : 0.78 to 1.00, p= .04, respectively). In addition,
infants in the MISA group required less mechanical ventilation within 72
h of life or during hospitalization (RR : 0.60, 95% CI : 0.48 to 0.75,
p< .00001 and RR : 0.64, 95% CI : 0.49 to 0.82, p = .0005,
respectively) compared with infants in the control group. However, the
rate of surfactant reflux was higher in the MISA group than that in the
control group (RR : 2.12, 95% CI : 1.37 to 3.29, p = .0008). There were
no significant differences in mortality and other outcomes beteween the
MISA group and the control group. Conclusions: The administration of
surfactant with MISA techniques could lower the requirement for
mechanical ventilation, and decrease the incidence of BPD at 36 weeks,
pneumothorax, and hsPDA.
“Unplanned breast-conserving surgery after systemic therapy in locally advanced breast cancer: the results of level II oncoplastic techniques”
Authors: gulcelik mehmet , Doğan Lütfi
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: In patients with breast cancer for whom neoadjuvant
chemotherapy (NAC) is planned, it is recommended to mark the primary
tumor before treatment (planned surgery). However, surgeons may have to
perform breast-conserving surgery on patients whose tumors are not
marked (unplanned surgery). This study focused on the results obtained
with planned and unplanned level II oncoplastic surgery (OPS) techniques
applied to patients after NAC. METHODS: Patient groups who underwent
planned, unplanned OPS and mastectomy after NAC were compared. Surgical
margin status, re-operation and re-excision requirements, ipsilateral
breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and axillary recurrence rates recorded.
Long-term local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), disease-free survival
and overall survival were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant
difference between the planned and unplanned OPS groups in terms of
surgical margin status, re-excision requirement, and mastectomy rates.
During an average follow-up period of 43 months, 5.3% and 4% of the
patients in the planned OPS group developed IBTR and axillary
recurrence, respectively, whereas these rates were 6.6% and 5.3% in
the unplanned OPS group. In the mastectomy group, the rates of IBTR and
axillary recurrence were found to be 4.1% and 3.8%, respectively.
There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of
IBTR (p: 0.06) and axillary recurrence (p: 0.08) rates. CONCLUSION:
Breast conserving surgery can be applied using level II OPS techniques
with the post-NAC radiological examination and marking even if primary
tumor marking is not done in the pre-NAC period.
Application of seed oils and its bioactive compounds in sunscreen formulations
Authors: Chu Chee Chin , Nyam Kar Lin
Published: February 2021

The photoprotective skincare products are in high demand to meet the
consumer market with concern on skin health. Seed oils are commonly used
as ingredients in many cosmetic products due to their natural
antioxidants and now being increasingly recognised for their effects on
skin health and photoprotection. This article briefly reviews the
application of seed oils in sunscreen development focusing on the
antioxidants that contribute to photoprotection, thus preventing
UV-induced erythema and photoaging. The addition of seed oils that
contain specific natural bioactive compounds were discussed in the
review. Besides that, seed oils acting in molecular pathways that
benefit in photoprotection were also summarized. Seed oils (pomegranate
seed oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, jojoba oil, rosehip oil, grapeseed
oil, kenaf seed oil and pumpkin seed oil) utilization have high
potential to act as natural UV filters and at the same time help in skin
repairing. The seed oils contributed beneficial properties to the
sunscreen formulation by their synergistic effect with antioxidants,
antiaging properties, anti-inflammatory effect, and potential hormetic
effect. The finding of specific bioactive compound from seed oils
provide better understanding on the contribution of seed oils in
sunscreen formulation.
Refining analyses of existing datasets is valuable for macrogenetics: a response to Paz-Vinas et al. (2021)
Authors: Millette Katie , Fugère Vincent , Debyser Chloé , Greiner Ariel , Chain Frédéric , Gonzalez Andrew
Published: February 2021

Paz-Vinas et al. (2021) comment on methodological and data-related
limits of our paper (Millette et al. 2020), which affect a small
proportion of our datasets and analyses. These points do not refute our
conclusions. We address their comments and support the call for the
development of best practices for future macrogenetics research.
Vom postmodernen Menschen und seiner schwierigen Suche nach dem guten Leben und dem guten Tod
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian
Published: February 2021

Als gutes Leben scheint in unseren westlichen, postmodernen Gesellschaften ein Leben zu gelten, das möglichst viele der vorhandenen Weltoptionen ausschöpft. Da durch die Veränderungsprozesse der vergangenen Jahre und Jahrzehnte eine unglaubliche Menge an Weltoptionen in unsere Reichweite gelangt ist, hat jedoch paradoxerweise der Ausschöpfungsgrad an Weltoptionen abgenommen. Das gute Leben wird damit zum prinzipiell unvollendeten und unvollendbaren Unterfangen. Aufgrund dieser Unerfüllbarkeit wendet sich das Ideal des guten Lebens schlussendlich gegen sich selbst: Der Versuch, ihm nachzujagen, führt aufgrund seiner Vergeblichkeit zu Entfremdung. Das postmoderne Ideal des guten Lebens verhindert aber nicht nur das gute Leben, es erschwert auch den guten Tod. Gerade weil die Welt so viele erlebenswerte Dinge für uns bereithält, rückt der Moment, in dem wir von uns sagen können, nun das getan und gesehen zu haben, was wir unbedingt tun und sehen wollten, also der Moment, in dem wir die für uns wichtigen Daseinsmöglichkeiten hinreichend ausgeschöpft haben, in vage Ferne. Der Tod darf nicht sein, weil das erfüllte Leben nicht sein kann. Angesichts dieses Gesamtbefundes scheint es notwendig, das postmoderne Ideal des guten Lebens auf den Prüfstand zu stellen.
Solidarität in der Krise. Für ein Verständnis politischer Solidarität in Corona-Zeiten im Anschluss an H. Arendt
Authors: Reder Michael , Stüber Karolin-Sophie
Published: February 2021

Solidarität ist einer der zentralen normativen Begriffe in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie. Vor dem Hintergrund der philosophischen Debatte um Solidarität wird eine Heuristik entlang der Unterscheidung einer sozial-, politisch-philosophischen und ethischen Perspektive vorgeschlagen. Anhand dieser Heuristik wird der gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche Diskurs um Solidarität in der Pandemie rekonstruiert, analysiert und kritisiert. Solidarität, so die These, wird in Corona-Zeiten auf ihre soziale Dimension enggeführt, was einerseits zur Mobilisierung von Gemeinschaften und der Eindämmung der Pandemie führt, andererseits aber auch zu (nationalen) Schließungen und Exklusionen nach innen und außen. Indem Politik als evidenzbasierte und alternativlose Technik etabliert wird, vollzieht sich eine fortschreitende Entpolitisierung, durch die soziale Ungleichheit sowohl lokal als auch global oft unhinterfragt reproduziert wird. Demgegenüber diskutiert der Beitrag mit Rückgriff auf Arendts Begriff des Politischen ein alternatives Verständnis von Solidarität in Zeiten der Pandemie. Dieses baut auf sozialer Relationalität auf und kritisiert eine mechanistische Logik des Politischen. Mit Arendt werden die Pluralität, das kritische Denken und der Neuanfang als zentrale Elemente des Politischen angesichts von Krisen betont. Dadurch wird das Konzept der Solidarität um eine politische Dimension erweitert und ein produktiver Umgang mit den gegenwärtigen Schließungen und Exklusionen in der Corona-Pandemie vorgeschlagen. Schließlich können die durch die Pandemie offenkundiger gewordenen Krisen des Kapitalismus und Liberalismus reflektiert und das Politische als ein offen-diskursiver Raum jenseits eng gefasster Grenzen neu gedacht werden.