bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with gravity-dependent distribution on chest CT in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Komiya Kosaku , Yamamoto Takashi , Yoshikawa Hiroki , Goto Akihiko , Umeki Kenji , Johkoh Takeshi , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Kadota Jun-ichi
Published: May 2022

Although lung involvement in aspiration pneumonia typically has a gravity-dependent distribution on chest images, which patient’s conditions contribute to its radiological pattern has not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to determine the factors associated with the gravity-dependent distribution of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on chest computed tomography (CT). This retrospective study included elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years with CAP who underwent chest CT within 1 week before or after admission. The factors associated with lower lobe- and posterior-predominant distributions of ground glass opacity or airspace consolidation were determined. Of the 369 patients with CAP, 348 (94%) underwent chest CT. Multivariate analyses showed that impaired consciousness, a low Barthel index of activities of daily living, and high hemoglobin levels were associated with lower lobe-predominant distribution, while male sex and impaired consciousness were associated with posterior-predominant distribution. Cerebrovascular diseases were unrelated to these distributions. While male sex, impaired consciousness, high hemoglobin levels, low albumin levels, and the number of involved lobes were associated with in-hospital mortality, gravity-dependent distributions were not. Impaired consciousness might be the most significant predictor of aspiration pneumonia; however, the gravity-dependent distribution of this disease is unlikely to affect disease prognosis.
Decision making for large-scale multi-armed bandit problems using bias control of chaotic temporal waveforms in semiconductor lasers
Authors: Morijiri Kensei , Mihana Takatomo , Kanno Kazutaka , Naruse Makoto , Uchida Atsushi
Published: May 2022

Decision making using photonic technologies has been intensively researched for solving the multi-armed bandit problem, which is fundamental to reinforcement learning. However, these technologies are yet to be extended to large-scale multi-armed bandit problems. In this study, we conduct a numerical investigation of decision making to solve large-scale multi-armed bandit problems by controlling the biases of chaotic temporal waveforms generated in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback. We generate chaotic temporal waveforms using the semiconductor lasers, and each waveform is assigned to a slot machine (or choice) in the multi-armed bandit problem. The biases in the amplitudes of the chaotic waveforms are adjusted based on rewards using the tug-of-war method. Subsequently, the slot machine that yields the maximum-amplitude chaotic temporal waveform with bias is selected. The scaling properties of the correct decision-making process are examined by increasing the number of slot machines to 1024, and the scaling exponent of the power-law distribution is 0.97. We demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing software algorithms in terms of the scaling exponent. This result paves the way for photonic decision making in large-scale multi-armed bandit problems using photonic accelerators.
Exceptional longevity in northern peripheral populations of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)
Authors: Bergström Kristofer , Nordahl Oscar , Söderling Peter , Koch-Schmidt Per , Borger Tobias , Tibblin Petter , Larsson Per
Published: May 2022

Studies of life-history variation across a species range are crucial for ecological understanding and successful conservation. Here, we examined the growth and age of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) in Sweden, which represent the northernmost populations in Europe. A total of 1183 individuals were captured, marked and released between 2006 and 2020. Mark-recapture data from 162 individuals (size range: 13–195 cm) were used to estimate von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters which revealed very slow growth rates compared to catfish within the core distribution area (central Europe). The fitted von Bertalanffy growth curve predicted a 150 cm catfish to be around 40 years old, while the largest recaptured individual (length 195 cm) was estimated to be 70 (95% CI 50–112) years old. This was substantially older than the previously documented maximum age of a catfish. The weight at length relationships in these northern peripheral populations were similar to those documented for catfish in central Europe indicating that resources did not constrain growth. This indicates that the slow growth and exceptional high age in the northern catfish populations are the result of lower temperatures and/or local adaptations.
Using population-based data to evaluate the impact of adherence to endocrine therapy on survival in breast cancer through the web-application BreCanSurvPred
Authors: Font Rebeca , Buxó Maria , Ameijide Alberto , Martínez José Miguel , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Carulla Marià , Puigdemont Montse , Vilardell Mireia , Civit Sergi , Viñas Gema , Espinàs Josep A. , Galceran Jaume , Izquierdo Ángel , Borràs Josep M. , Clèries Ramon
Published: May 2022

We show how the use and interpretation of population-based cancer survival indicators can help oncologists talk with breast cancer (BC) patients about the relationship between their prognosis and their adherence to endocrine therapy (ET). The study population comprised a population-based cohort of estrogen receptor positive BC patients (N = 1268) diagnosed in Girona and Tarragona (Northeastern Spain) and classified according to HER2 status (+ / −), stage at diagnosis (I/II/III) and five-year cumulative adherence rate (adherent > 80%; non-adherent ≤ 80%). Cox regression analysis was performed to identify significant prognostic factors for overall survival, whereas relative survival (RS) was used to estimate the crude probability of death due to BC (PBC). Stage and adherence to ET were the significant factors for predicting all-cause mortality. Compared to stage I, risk of death increased in stage II (hazard ratio [HR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–3.30) and stage III (HR 5.11, 95% CI 3.46–7.51), and it decreased with adherence to ET (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41–0.59). PBC differences were higher in non-adherent patients compared to adherent ones and increased across stages: stage I: 6.61% (95% CI 0.05–13.20); stage II: 9.77% (95% CI 0.59–19.01), and stage III: 22.31% (95% CI 6.34–38.45). The age-adjusted survival curves derived from this modeling were implemented in the web application BreCanSurvPred (https://pdocomputation.snpstats.net/BreCanSurvPred). Web applications like BreCanSurvPred can help oncologists discuss the consequences of non-adherence to prescribed ET with patients.
A low power, highly efficient, linear, enhanced wideband Class-J mode power amplifier for 5G applications
Authors: Sridhar Nagisetty , Senthilpari C. , Mardeni R. , Yong Wong Hin , Nandhakumar T.
Published: May 2022

In wireless communication networks, the necessity for high-speed data rates has increased in emerging 5G application areas. The Power Amplifier (PA) topologies reported to date achieved desired Power Added Efficiency (PAE) and linearity. However, these harmonically tuned switching PAs are less appealing for broadband applications as they are restricted to narrow bandwidth (BW). Therefore, to meet the 5G requirements, the challenge of designing a PA with improved efficiency and linearity for a dynamic range of BW becomes critical for PA designers. Recently developed Class-J PA topology can obtain good efficiency while maintaining linearity for wide BW applications. This research work presents a methodology to design a 5 GHz Class-J mode PA topology using Silterra 0.13 μm CMOS technology. This research's main objectives are to determine the Ropt of the transistor and design a proper Output Matching Network (OMN) for obtaining Class-J PA operation to make it suitable for 5G wireless applications. The simulation results represent that the designed Class-J PA provides 27 dBm of maximum power output with a maximum power gain of 13.7 dB and the small-signal gain of 17 dB for a BW of around 500 MHz with a 5 V power supply into a 50Ω load.
The relationship between epigenetic age and the hallmarks of aging in human cells
Authors: Kabacik Sylwia , Lowe Donna , Fransen Leonie , Leonard Martin , Ang Siew-Lan , Whiteman Christopher , Corsi Sarah , Cohen Howard , Felton Sarah , Bali Radhika , Horvath Steve , Raj Ken
Published: May 2022

Epigenetic clocks are mathematically derived age estimators that are based on combinations of methylation values that change with age at specific CpGs in the genome. These clocks are widely used to measure the age of tissues and cells1,2. The discrepancy between epigenetic age (EpiAge), as estimated by these clocks, and chronological age is referred to as EpiAge acceleration. Epidemiological studies have linked EpiAge acceleration to a wide variety of pathologies, health states, lifestyle, mental state and environmental factors2, indicating that epigenetic clocks tap into critical biological processes that are involved in aging. Despite the importance of this inference, the mechanisms underpinning these clocks remained largely uncharacterized and unelucidated. Here, using primary human cells, we set out to investigate whether epigenetic aging is the manifestation of one or more of the aging hallmarks previously identified3. We show that although epigenetic aging is distinct from cellular senescence, telomere attrition and genomic instability, it is associated with nutrient sensing, mitochondrial activity and stem cell composition.
Multi-factor-controlled ReRAM devices and their applications
Authors: Sun Bai , Zhou Guangdong , Yu Tian , Chen Yuanzheng , Yang Feng , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2022

Extra-factors-controlled ReRAM devices are expected to be used in the manufacture of multistate memory and artificial intelligent sensors.
Fatty acid-based polymeric micelles to ameliorate amyloidogenic disorders
Authors: Bera Avisek , Mukhopadhyay Debangana , Goswami Kalyan , Ghosh Pooja , De Rumi , De Priyadarsi
Published: May 2022

Fatty acid-tethered polymers were synthesized via RAFT method to explore their potential role in preventing insulin aggregation process. The results endowed fatty acid-tethered polymers with properties to act as novel anti-amyloidogenic agents.
Biomolecule-guided co-localization of intermolecular G-rich strands for the construction of a tetramolecular G-quadruplex sensing strategy
Authors: Hu Changjia , Jin Yanwen , Yang Peng , Zhou Rongxing , Xia Lingying , Du Lijie , Chen Junbo , Cheng Nansheng , Hou Xiandeng
Published: May 2022

We herein introduce the principle of proximity assay into tetramolecular G-quadruplexes guided by various biomolecules for the construction of a sensing strategy.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2in water by aC-functionalized Ni–cyclam complex grafted onto carbon
Authors: Forget Amélie , Regnacq Matthieu , Orain Christophe , Touzé Ewen , Lelong Evan , Brandily Christophe , Bernard Hélène , Tripier Raphaël , Le Poul Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Electrocatalytic CO2reduction in aqueous media is selectively performed by aC-functionalized Ni cyclam complex covalently grafted onto a carbon electrode.
Element immiscibility assisted Ru@Ni3B as an efficient electrocatalyst toward alkaline and acidic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhu Yin'an , Yao Jia , Zhong Xu , Lu Tao , Pan Ye
Published: May 2022

The Ni–Ru immiscibility system contributes to dispersing Ru nanoclusters on porous Ni3B with improved HER activity.
Dipolar spin–spin coupling as an auxiliary tool for the structure determination of small isolated molecules
Authors: Bizzocchi Luca , Alessandrini Silvia , Melosso Mattia , Puzzarini Cristina
Published: May 2022

Dipolar spin–spin coupling constants, when combined with rotational constants, guarantee an improved structural determination.
Localized surface plasmon resonances in a hybrid structure consisting of a mono-layered Al sheet and Ti3C2F MXene
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb
Published: May 2022

Coupling of a mono-layered Al sheet on top of Ti3C2F MXene causes interlayer charge transfer accompanied by strong signatures of localized surface plasmon resonances.
Revealing the mechanisms of vesicle formation with multiple spectral methods
Authors: Li Jianhui , Chen Shun-Li , Hou Yi , Yuan Qunhui , Gan Wei
Published: May 2022

Kinetics in the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules and the formation of micelles/vesicles may be clearly revealed by spectroscopic methods including second harmonic generation, two-photon fluorescence and Rayleigh scattering.
Infrared spectroscopy of Be(CO2)4+in the gas phase: electron transfer and C–C coupling of CO2
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Yangyu , Jin Xiaoyang , Wang Guanjun , Zhou Mingfei
Published: May 2022

Infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations confirm that the Be(CO2)4+complex exists as two structural isomers. One involves a bent η1-O coordinated CO2−ligand and the other has a metal oxalate C2O4−moiety.
Sterically shielded primary anilides of the alkaline-earth metals of the type (thf)nAe(NH-Ar*)2 (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; Ar* = bulky aryl)
Authors: Schüler Philipp , Krieck Sven , Görls Helmar , Liebing Phil , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: May 2022

Metalation of bulky primary amines with alkaline-earth metal reagents in THF leads to primary amides, and imide formation does not occur. Coordination of THF bases competes with π-interactions with phenyl groups.
Effects of oxidized rice bran protein induced by rancidity on the hepatic function in mice
Authors: Li Fang , Wu Xiaojuan , Wu Wei
Published: May 2022

Rice bran protein (RBP) is a great resource of premium protein.
Supramolecular deep eutectic solvents and their applications
Authors: Janicka Patrycja , Kaykhaii Massoud , Płotka-Wasylka Justyna , Gębicki Jacek
Published: May 2022

Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Solvent (SUPRADES) – another milestone towards Green Chemistry.
Significant photodegradation of carcinogenic organic dyes by a 1D supramolecular heteroleptic Cu(ii) complex under sunlight irradiation
Authors: Kuila Arun , Maity Ribhu , Acharya Prasun , Brandao Paula , Maity Tithi , Sepay Nayim , Samanta Bidhan Chandra
Published: May 2022

The crucial role of supramolecular interactions in the self-assembly and architecture of the heteroleptic Cu(II) coordination polymer has been investigated and its ability to degrade organic molecules using sunlight.
Understanding the higher–order cycloaddition reactions of heptafulvene, tropone, and its nitrogen derivatives, with electrophilic and nucleophilic ethylenes inside the molecular electron density theory
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Pérez Patricia
Published: May 2022

The reactivity and selectivity in higher–order cycloadditions of cycloheptatrienes A–D with ethylenes E–G are studied within the MEDT.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and SAR studies of novel cyclopentaquinoline derivatives as DNA intercalators, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and apoptotic inducers
Authors: Hammoud Mohamed M. , Nageeb Alaa S. , Morsi M. A. , Gomaa Esam A. , Elmaaty Ayman Abo , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A.
Published: May 2022

Novel cyclopentaquinoline derivatives as promising DNA intercalators, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and apoptotic inducers.
Carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles in situ grown on 3D cross-linked carbon nanosheets as anodic materials for high capacity lithium and sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Shuijing , Lu Zhenjiang , Xie Jing , Hu Jindou , Cao Yali
Published: May 2022

Carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were grown in situ on 3D cross-linked carbon nanosheets, and exhibited excellent performance for lithium ion batteries.
Insights into the degradation of emerging organic pollutants by peroxydisulfate activated with Co3O4@NiO: role of each component and catalytic mechanism
Authors: Cong Yanqing , Wang Wanxing , Chen Xiang , Zhang Yi , Lv Shi-Wen
Published: May 2022

A novel Co3O4@NiO as a high-efficiency catalyst was employed to activate peroxydisulfate for degrading antibiotics, and the catalytic mechanism was investigated.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling of the inhibitory activities of sulfonylurea herbicides and proposition of new derivatives
Authors: Rodrigues Natânia E. , Freitas Matheus P.
Published: May 2022

The quantitative structure–activity relationship study of the herbicidal activity of a series of sulfonylurea derivatives against Brassica napus is reported herein.
Pd-Catalysed [3 + 2]-cycloaddition towards the generation of bioactive bis-heterocycles/identification of COX-2 inhibitors via in silico analysis
Authors: Sathish Elagandhula , Ansari Arshad J. , Joshi Gaurav , Pandit Akansha , Shukla Monika , Kumari Neha , Sharon Ashoke , Verma Ved Prakash , Sawant Devesh M.
Published: May 2022

Pd-catalysed [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of VECs and nitrile oxides to access bis-heterocycles was developed. In silico-based studies suggested interaction with COX receptors that may be corroborated biologically in the future.
A direct entry to polycyclic quinoxaline derivativesviaI2-DMSO mediated oxidative decarboxylation of α-amino acids and the subsequent Pictet–Spengler cyclization reaction
Authors: Samanta Surya Kanta , Sarkar Rumpa , Sengupta Utsav , Das Sayan , Ganguly Debabani , Hasija Avantika , Chopra Deepak , Bera Mrinal K.
Published: May 2022

A facile and highly efficient iodine-promoted strategy has been delineated for the synthesis of indolo and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivativesviaan oxidative Pictet–Spengler type amino cyclo-annulation reaction using ∝-amino acids as aldehyde surrogates.
Melt polycondensation of carboxytelechelic polyethylene for the design of degradable segmented copolyester polyolefins
Authors: Arrington Anastasia S. , Brown James R. , Win Max S. , Winey Karen I. , Long Timothy E.
Published: May 2022

Chain-transfer ring-opening metathesis polymerization (CT-ROMP) provided a route to carboxytelechelic polyethylene (PE) with subsequent incorporation into segmented copolymers.
Palladium-catalyzed [4 + 4] cycloadditions for highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of functionalized benzo[b]oxocines
Authors: Wang Xunhua , Yang Jianfeng , Lv Ruifeng , Song Pengfei , Ye Denghui , Liu Jitian , Li Xiaoxun
Published: May 2022

An efficient palladium-catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 4] cycloaddition of highly reactive ortho-quinone methides with γ-methylidene-δ-valerolactones for the construction of functionalized eight-membered benzo[b]oxocine derivatives has been developed.
5-N-Arylaminothiazoles with pyridyl groups and their first-row transition metal complexes: synthesis, photophysical properties, and Zn sensing
Authors: Puji Pamungkas Khurnia Krisna , Maruyama Toshifumi , Murai Toshiaki
Published: May 2022

A series of 5-N-arylaminothiazoles were used to form isolable nickel complexes, whose structure was disclosed by X-ray structure analysis, and were used for the detection of zinc halides in solutions with the enhancement of emission properties.
High-quality all-inorganic CsPbBr3 single crystals prepared by a facile one-step solution growth method
Authors: Chen Mingming , Yuan Youwen , Liu Yuan , Cao Dawei , Xu Chunxiang
Published: May 2022

High crystalline quality all-inorganic CsPbBr3 single crystals were obtained via a facile one-step solution growth method. The (002) X-ray rocking curve is as narrow as 0.043°.
Geometric percolation of hard-sphere dispersions in shear flow
Authors: Pihlajamaa Ilian , de Bruijn René , van der Schoot Paul
Published: May 2022

We present a theory describing geometric percolation in sheared hard-sphere dispersions. Predictions agree well with particle-resolved simulations. The theory is straightforward to extend to other types of particle or different kinds of flow field.
Solvent-assisted self-assembly of block copolymer thin films
Authors: Pula Przemyslaw , Leniart Arkadiusz , Majewski Pawel W.
Published: May 2022

Solvent-assisted block copolymer self-assembly is a compelling method for advancing practical applications of these materials due to the exceptional level of the control of BCP morphology and significant acceleration of ordering kinetics.
Facile fabrication of functionalized pyrimidine derivatives: constructing a new family of high performance and less sensitive energetic compounds
Authors: Yadav Abhishek Kumar , Ghule Vikas D. , Dharavath Srinivas
Published: May 2022

A series of new pyrimidine-based nitrogen-rich green energetic materials were effectively synthesized from commercially available inexpensive starting materials, with short reaction times, easy isolation, and essentially quantitative yields.
Design of a multi-functional gel polymer electrolyte with a 3D compact stacked polymer micro-sphere matrix for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Liang Jiyuan , Tao Runming , Tu Ji , Guo Chi , Du Kang , Guo Rui , Zhang Wang , Liu Xiaolang , Guo Pingmei , Wang Deyu , Dai Sheng , Sun Xiao-Guang
Published: May 2022

A novel gel electrolyte with a 3D compact-stacked microsphere matrix is synthesized to realize long cycling stability of LMBs.
Salt–solvent synchro-constructed robust electrolyte–electrode interphase for high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Fang Mingming , Chen Juner , Chen Boyang , Wang Jianhui
Published: May 2022

A simple electrolyte formula of “single salt single solvent” —1 M LiDFOB in ES—enables the stable operation of an NCM622|Li full cell (2.5 mA h cm−2, N/P = 4) under harsh conditions of high voltage (4.6 V) and wide temperature range (−30 to 60 °C).
Phase-transition engineering induced lattice contraction of the molybdenum carbide surface for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Shi Jialing , Hu Lihua , Liu Jianbin , Chen Meng , Li Cheng Chao , Guan Guoqing , Ma Yufei , Wang Tiejun
Published: May 2022

Phase-transition engineering induced lattice contraction of the molybdenum carbide surface can weaken the strong Hads of Mo–H on pristine α-MoC and effectively enhanced the HER performance.
Progress, challenges and perspectives of computational studies on glassy superionic conductors for solid-state batteries
Authors: Xu Zhenming , Xia Yongyao
Published: May 2022

This review summarizes the computational studies of lithium and sodium sulfide-type glassy solid electrolytes, and provides our understandings of the challenges and potential future developments in the computational study of new glassy SSEs.
A forest geotexture-inspired ZnO@Ni/Co layered double hydroxide-based device with superior electrochromic and energy storage performance
Authors: Liu Xue-An , Wang Junxin , Tang Dajiang , Tong Zhangfa , Ji Hongbing , Qu Hui-Ying
Published: May 2022

A high-performance bi-functional electrochromic supercapacitor as an intelligent energy conversion and storage platform is reported. The forest geotexture-inspired ZnO@Ni/Co-LDH film acts as the functional electrode.
Metal nanoparticles at grain boundaries of titanate toward efficient carbon dioxide electrolysis
Authors: Shang Zhibo , Zhang Jie , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui
Published: May 2022

Remarkable cathode performances for CO2 electrolysis have been achieved by in situ growth of active nickel nanoparticles at grain boundaries.
ROS-scavenging glyco-nanoplatform for synergistic antibacterial and wound-healing therapy of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Zhang Yanlong , Li Gang , Zhang Xinge , Lin Ling
Published: May 2022

Infectious keratitis is a serious disease originating from a corneal trauma infected with bacteria, which has difficulties in healing due to stubborn infection and persistent inflammation featuring high reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations.
The high piezoelectricity and thermal stability of high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics BiFeO3–0.25BaTiO3–xBi0.5K0.5TiO3 near the MPB
Authors: Cui Yongbao , Zhang Xiuyun , Lei Xiuyun , Yan Tianxiang , Chen Xue , Peng Biaolin , Ren Pengrong , Li Chunchun , Liu Laijun
Published: May 2022

High-temperature BiFeO3–BaTiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 based piezoelectrics possess a high piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 149 pC N−1, and a high Curie temperature (TC = 615 °C) and depolarization temperature (Td = 570 °C).
Robust chain aggregation of low-entropy rigid ladder polymers in solution
Authors: Ma Guorong , Leng Mingwan , Li Shi , Cao Zhiqiang , Cao Yirui , Tabor Daniel P. , Fang Lei , Gu Xiaodan
Published: May 2022

Conjugated ladder polymer forms highly robust, temperature-insensitive aggregation in the solution due to low entropy change of rigid backbone, which is promising for highly robust intermolecular interaction at high temperature.
Scintillating thin film design for ultimate high resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Wollesen Laura , Riva Federica , Douissard Paul-Antoine , Pauwels Kristof , Martin Thierry , Dujardin Christophe
Published: May 2022

Energy deposition in scintillating screens effects on the high resolution X-ray imaging.
Copolymerization induced emission of poly[(methylenelactide)-co-(2-vinylpyridine)]
Authors: Li Xinyu , Xu Mengmeng , Zhang Rongchun , Yu Youqing , Pei Yuanyuan , Yu Qianqian , Liu Kunkun , Liu Yiliu , Wang Linge , Wen Tao
Published: May 2022

Copolymerization is a facile and effective approach to develop functional polymers from two or more types of monomers.
Insight into the function of a unique voltage-sensor protein (TMEM266) and its short form in mouse cerebellum
Authors: Kawai Takafumi , Narita Hirotaka , Konno Kohtarou , Akter Sharmin , Andriani Rizki Tsari , Iwasaki Hirohide , Nishikawa Shoji , Yokoi Norihiko , Fukata Yuko , Fukata Masaki , Wiriyasermkul Pattama , Kongpracha Pornparn , Nagamori Shushi , Takao Keizo , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Watanabe Masahiko , Nakagawa Atsushi , Okamura Yasushi
Published: May 2022

Voltage-sensing proteins generally consist of voltage-sensor domains and pore-gate domains, forming the voltage-gated ion channels. However, there are several unconventional voltage-sensor proteins that lack pore-gate domains, conferring them unique voltage-sensing machinery. TMEM266, which is expressed in cerebellum granule cells, is one of the interesting voltage-sensing proteins that has a putative intracellular coiled-coil and a functionally unidentified cytosolic region instead of a pore-gate domain. Here, we approached the molecular function of TMEM266 by performing co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We unexpectedly discovered that TMEM266 proteins natively interact with the novel short form splice variants that only have voltage-sensor domains and putative cytosolic coiled-coil region in cerebellum. The crystal structure of coiled-coil region of TMEM266 suggested that these coiled-coil regions play significant roles in forming homodimers. In vitro expression experiments supported the idea that short form TMEM266 (sTMEM266) or full length TMEM266 (fTMEM266) form homodimers. We also performed proximity labeling mass spectrometry analysis for fTMEM266 and sTMEM266 using Neuro-2A, neuroblastoma cells, and fTMEM266 showed more interacting molecules than sTMEM266, suggesting that the C-terminal cytosolic region in fTMEM266 binds to various targets. Finally, TMEM266-deficient animals showed the moderate abnormality in open-field test. The present study provides clues about the novel voltage-sensing mechanism mediated by TMEM266.
Utility of preclinical models of altered maternal nutrition to support the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis
Authors: Vickers Mark Hedley
Published: May 2022

A clear link has been established between alterations in the early life environment and the risk for developing a range of cardiometabolic diseases in later life, a process preferentially termed developmental programming. In particular, alterations in the maternal nutritional environment have been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes in offspring across the lifecourse; effects that can be passed on to future generations. Following from the early epidemiological observations that provided the basis for the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, a range of animal models were developed to examine the impact of early life programming and provide empirical data to support the emerging framework. These models became key tools to aid in our understanding of developmental programming as allowed investigation of potential mechanisms, strategies for intervention and transgenerational effects. The study published by Langley and Jackson (Clin. Sci. 1994;86(2):217–222; DOI:10.1042/CS0860217), using a rat model of maternal low protein exposure, was one of the first to highlight the impact of an altered maternal nutritional environment on programming of elevated blood pressure in offspring. This work became a hallmark study in the DOHaD field by demonstrating key proof of principle to support the early epidemiological associations and characterizing a key preclinical model that has contributed greatly to our understanding of mechanisms underpinning developmental programming—particularly in the area of cardiovascular and renal function.
Peer‐to‐peer decentralized energy trading in industrial town considering central shared energy storage using alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm
Authors: Aminlou Ali , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Zare Kazem , Razzaghi Reza , Anvari‐Moghaddam Amjad
Published: May 2022

Distributed energy resources are being progressively deployed by industry. The penetration of distributed generation in low voltage (LV) networks can position traditional consumers as market participants. With the improvements in communication networks and the introduction of new energy markets, these prosumers are incentivized to sell their excess production to other industries by participating in peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy markets. This market paves the way for developing new technologies such as a shared battery energy storage system (SBESS). In this paper, a central storage unit rents its capacity for the prosumers to reduce the overall peak‐load of the microgrid. Each user requests the required SBESS capacity and calculates the best charging and discharging times to reduce their cost. To this end, this paper organized a P2P energy trading paradigm with the presence of SBESS. The optimization problem was simulated and solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Results demonstrate how combining features of P2P energy trading and SBESS can save up to 29% for the industrial town.
[Mg/Fe] ratios in the solar neighbourhood: Stellar yields and chemical evolution scenarios
Authors: Palla Marco , Santos-Peral Pablo , Recio-Blanco Alejandra , Matteucci Francesca
Published: May 2022

Context. The [Mg/Fe] abundance ratios are a fundamental fossil signature used to trace the chemical evolution of the disc and to divide it into low-α and high-α populations. Despite the huge observational and theoretical efforts, discrepancies between models and data are still present and several explanations have been put forward to explain the [α/Fe] bimodality.

Aims. In this work we take advantage of a new AMBRE:HARPS dataset, which provides new more precise [Mg/Fe] estimations and reliable stellar ages for a subsample of stars, to study the [α/Fe] bimodality and the evolution of the solar neighbourhood.

Methods. The data are compared with detailed chemical evolution models for the Milky Way, exploring the most used prescriptions for stellar yields and different formation scenarios for the Galactic disc (i.e. the delayed two-infall and the parallel models), including prescriptions for stellar radial migration.

Results. We see that most of the stellar yield prescriptions struggle to reproduce the observed trend of the data and that semi-empirical yields describe best the [Mg/Fe] evolution in the thick and thin discs. In particular, most of the yields still predict a steeper decrease of the [Mg/Fe] ratio at high metallicity than shown by the data. The bulk of the data are well reproduced by the parallel and two-infall scenarios, but both scenarios have problems in explaining the most metal-rich and metal-poor tails of the low-α data. These tails can be explained in light of radial migration from the inner and outer disc regions, respectively.

Conclusions. Despite the evidence of stellar migration, it is difficult to estimate the actual contribution of stars from other parts of the disc to the solar vicinity in the data we adopt. However, the comparison between data and models suggests that peculiar histories of star formation, such as that of the two-infall model, are still needed to reproduce the observed distribution of stars.
Photometric redshift-aided classification using ensemble learning
Authors: Cunha P. A. C. , Humphrey A.
Published: May 2022

We present SHEEP, a new machine learning approach to the classic problem of astronomical source classification, which combines the outputs from the XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost learning algorithms to create stronger classifiers. A novel step in our pipeline is that prior to performing the classification, SHEEP first estimates photometric redshifts, which are then placed into the data set as an additional feature for classification model training; this results in significant improvements in the subsequent classification performance. SHEEP contains two distinct classification methodologies: (i) Multi-class and (ii) one versus all with correction by a meta-learner. We demonstrate the performance of SHEEP for the classification of stars, galaxies, and quasars using a data set composed of SDSS and WISE photometry of 3.5 million astronomical sources. The resulting F1 -scores are as follows: 0.992 for galaxies; 0.967 for quasars; and 0.985 for stars. In terms of the F1-scores for the three classes, SHEEP is found to outperform a recent RandomForest-based classification approach using an essentially identical data set. Our methodology also facilitates model and data set explainability via feature importances; it also allows the selection of sources whose uncertain classifications may make them interesting sources for follow-up observations.
First investigation of the diamagnetic cavity boundary layer with a 1D3V PIC simulation
Authors: Beth A. , Gunell H. , Simon Wedlund C. , Goetz C. , Nilsson H. , Hamrin M.
Published: May 2022

Context. Amongst the different features and boundaries encountered around comets, one remains of particular interest to the plasma community: the diamagnetic cavity. Crossed for the first time at 1P/Halley during the Giotto flyby in 1986 and later met more than 700 times by the ESA Rosetta spacecraft around Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, this region, almost free of any magnetic field, surrounds nuclei of active comets. However, previous observations and modelling of this part of the coma have not yet provided a definitive answer as to the origin of such a cavity and on its border, the diamagnetic cavity boundary layer.

Aims. We investigate which forces and equilibrium might be at play and balance the magnetic pressure at this boundary down to the spatial and temporal scales of the electrons in the 1D collisionless case. In addition, we scrutinise assumptions made in magneto-hydrodynamic and hybrid simulations of this environment and check for their validity.

Methods. We simulated this region at the electron scale by means of 1D3V particle-in-cell simulations and SMILEI code.

Results. Across this layer, depending on the magnetic field strength, the electric field is governed by different equilibria, with a thin double-layer forming ahead. In addition, we show that the electron distribution function departs from Maxwellian and/or gyrotropic distributions and that electrons do not behave adiabatically. We demonstrate the need to investigate this region at the electron scale in depth with fully kinetic simulations.
Research on a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine with hybrid excitation
Authors: Wardach Marcin , Prajzendanc Pawel , Palka Ryszard , Chen Hao , Cierzniewski Kamil , Ciurus Jakub , Cichowicz Michal , Pstrokonski Rafal , Pacholski Szymon
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the results of simulation tests of a hybrid excited permanent magnet machine operating in various states have been presented. The characteristic feature of this machine is a presence of magnetic barriers inside the rotor. Structurally, this machine combines advantages of the PMa-SynRM machine (Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Machine) and a wound synchronous machine. The paper presents the voltage and torque characteristics as a function of the current in the stator and the DC control coil. Additional selected results of experimental studies are also shown.
Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom in der Schwangerschaft aus osteopathischer
Sicht
Authors: Schneider-Milo Ute
Published: May 2022

Eine Schwangere im 3. Trimenon sucht wegen nächtlicher Schmerzen in den
Händen eine Osteopathiepraxis auf. Das kommt regelmäßig
vor. Doch warum tritt ein Karpaltunnelsyndrom eigentlich so oft während
der Schwangerschaft auf? Wie kann eine osteopathische Behandlung dabei helfen,
eine medikamentöse Therapie oder eine Operation zu vermeiden?
Schwangerschaft aus Sicht der CM
Authors: Schönhart Eva , Pojer Olivia
Published: May 2022

Viele Schwangere leiden unter Beschwerden, die mit Akupunktur gut behandelt
werden können. Dieser Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Beschwerdebilder mit
entsprechenden Behandlungsvorschlägen zusammen.
Erkrankungen der Mutter während der
Schwangerschaft
Authors: Kruse Judith , Pierdant Guillermo
Published: May 2022

Erkrankungen der Mutter während der Schwangerschaft sind gesundheitliche
Probleme, die zu erheblichen maternalen und neonatalen Komplikationen
führen können. Die ärztliche Betreuung hat das Ziel,
potenzielle Gesundheitsprobleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und geeignete
Maßnahmen zu ihrer Bewältigung zu ergreifen. Im Blickpunkt
stehen die Gesundheit der Mutter sowie die des Fetus. In diesem Beitrag werden
wir uns mit einigen der häufigsten Erkrankungen der Mutter
während der Schwangerschaft befassen.
Rückfußchirurgie am arthritischen und arthrotischen
Fuß
Authors: Biehl Christoph , Knapp Gero , Biehl Lotta Katharina , Moeller Florian , Heiß Christian
Published: May 2022

Obwohl der Rückfuß sowohl bei an Osteoarthrose Erkrankten als
auch in über 90% bei Rheumapatienten betroffen ist, steht er
seltener im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit als andere Gelenke. Veränderungen
sollten frühzeitig und regelmäßig erfasst und therapiert
werden, um die Mobilität nicht zu gefährden. Den Fehlstellungen
im Rückfuß (z. B. der klassische Pes planovalgus) oder bei den
Mittelfuß-Pathologien wie den Veränderungen des talonavikularen
Gelenkes, liegen bei der Arthrose andere pathologische Prozesse zugrunde als
entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Als Folge werden Letztere anders
therapiert bzw. operiert werden als bei primär degenerativen
Veränderungen. Anfangs besteht die Therapie der Wahl in der
Orthopädie-(schuh-)technischen Versorgung. Gelenkerhaltender Operationen
sind meist nur bei Arthrosepatienten möglich. Bei Rheumatikern sind die
Gelenkflächen bereits frühzeitig geschädigt, so dass nur
Arthrodesen erfolgsversprechend sind. Gleichzeitig ist die operative Versorgung
früher und „aggressiver“ zu stellen als bei an Arthrose
erkrankten Patienten. Bei der Planung und Entscheidung für eine
operative Therapie sollte immer auch eine begleitende Osteoporose
berücksichtigt werden.
Evaluation of a tryptase depletion index for better pathologic identification of mast cell activation syndrome
Authors: Zienkiewicz Tomasz , Homann Jürgen , Mücke Martin , Seidel Holger , Hertfelder Hans-Jörg , Weinstock Leonard B. , Afrin Lawrence B. , Molderings Gerhard J.
Published: May 2022

Background Laboratory evidence supporting diagnosis of the prevalent condition of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) currently includes elevated levels in blood or urine of mediators relatively specific to mast cells (MCs) and/or increased numbers of MCs in luminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues. However, identification of elevated mediators is technically challenging and expensive, and controversy persists regarding the normal ranges of numbers/counts of MCs in various GI tract segments, let alone challenges in determining how many of the visualized MCs are activated. To aid diagnosis of MCAS, we developed a potential new approach for the pathologist to identify the extent of GI tract MC activation easily and inexpensively.

Participants and Methods Visualization of MCs in gastrointestinal biopsies from 251 patients vs. 95 controls using antibodies against CD117 and tryptase; MC counting per mm2; calculation of the difference between the CD117-positive MCs (identifying all MCs) vs. tryptase-positive MCs (identifying non-activated tryptase-containing MCs), which we define as the tryptase depletion index (TDI).

Results Mean total MC counts did not differ significantly between patients and controls, but mean TDIs differed significantly. Non-overlapping confidence intervals at the 99.9% level identified cut-offs of TDIs between patients vs. controls of 26, 45 and 32 MCs/mm2 in gastric antrum, duodenum, and colon, respectively.

Conclusions The TDI may discriminate between MCAS patients vs. controls. If this preliminary work can be independently confirmed, the TDI may become a useful additional minor diagnostic criterion for MCAS.
Fixation of the Cartilaginous Vault with Barbed Suture in Closed-Approach High-Septal-Resection Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Erdal Ayhan I. , Genç İbrahim G. , Manav Safa , Tatar Sedat
Published: May 2022

Fixation of the cartilaginous vault is an important maneuver in preservation rhinoplasty to reduce hump recurrences. This paper presents a cartilaginous vault fixation technique with a barbed suture. Forty-six patients who underwent closed-approach high-septal-resection dorsal preservation rhinoplasty between August 2019 and March 2020 were included in this retrospective study. According to the cartilaginous vault fixation sutures applied, the patients were divided into two main groups as follows: (1) barbed suture and (2) conventional suture. Standardized postoperative 1-month lateral view photographs were scanned for the presence of any degree of hump recurrence. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) scale was applied at 12 months. Hump recurrence was detected in one patient in the barbed suture group (n = 21) and one patient in the conventional suture group (n = 25; p > 0.05). For the ROE scores and number of satisfied patients, no statistically significant difference was found between the barbed and conventional suture fixation techniques (p > 0.05). Fixation with barbed suture showed similar results to conventional suture fixation. Barbed sutures can be used for cartilaginous vault fixation, taking advantage of the ease of placement in closed rhinoplasty. This study reflects level of evidence IV.
Radiation exposure during modern therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound procedures and standard alternatives
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Dell’Anna Giuseppe , Loria Alessandro , Petrone Maria Chiara , Del Vecchio Antonella , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Therapeutic EUS (t-EUS) is increasingly being adopted in clinical practice in tertiary referral centers; however, little is known about radiation exposure (RE) metrics and diagnostic reference limits for it.

Methods Kerma-area product (KAP [Gy·cm2]), Air Kerma and fluoroscopy time were retrospectively evaluated for all consecutive t-EUS procedures performed in San Raffaele Institute between 2019 and 2021. For EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomies (EUS-CDS) and gastroenterostomies (EUS-GE), an equal number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) plus metal stenting and duodenal stents were included respectively for comparison.

Results Data from 141 t-EUS procedures were retrieved (49 % pancreatic cancer, 38 % peripancreatic fluid collections). EUS-CDS (N = 44) were mainly performed fluoroless, while ERCPs required a significantly higher RE (KAP = 25 [17–55], P < 0.0001). Fluid collection drainage (EUS-FCD) with lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS, N = 26) were performed fluoroless, while EUS-FCD with double-pigtail plastic stents (DPPS, N = 28) required higher RE (KAP = 23 [13–45]). EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD, N = 6) required scarce RE (KAP = 9 [3–21]) for coaxial DPPS placement. EUS-GE (N = 27) required higher RE than duodenal stenting (KAP = 44 [28–88] versus 29 [19–46], P = 0.03). EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomies (EUS-HGS, N = 10) had the highest RE among t-EUS procedures (KAP = 81 [49–123]). Procedure complexity or intervening complications were evaluated and resulted in higher RE within each procedure.

Conclusions t-EUS procedures have different RE (P < 0.000001). EUS-CDS, EUS-GBD, and EUS-FCD with LAMS can be performed with no-to-mild radioscopy, unlike standard alternatives. However, radioscopy remains essential in case of technical difficulties or complications. EUS-GE and EUS-HGS involve a high RE. Endoscopists involved in t-EUS might experience RE higher than category standards, which indicates a need for increased awareness and personalized preventive measures.
Clopidogrel Monotherapy versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Patients with Established Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tasoudis Panagiotis T. , Kyriakoulis Ioannis G. , Sagris Dimitrios , Diener Hans Christoph , Ntaios George
Published: May 2022

Background There is no clear consensus on whether aspirin offers better outcomes in terms of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention compared with clopidogrel.

Objective The aim of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients with established cardiovascular disease.

Methods A systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (last search date: August 28, 2021) was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement for randomized control trials (RCTs) of clopidogrel versus aspirin as monotherapy in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed.

Results Five RCTs incorporating 26,855 patients (clopidogrel: 13,426; aspirin: 13,429) were included. No statistically significant difference was observed between clopidogrel and aspirin in terms of all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.91–1.13]; p = 0.83), ischemic stroke (OR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.71–1.06]; p = 0.16), and major bleeding rates (OR: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.56–1.06]; p = 0.11). Patients receiving clopidogrel had borderline lower risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.71–1.00]; p = 0.05) and lower risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.71–0.97]; p = 0.02, relative risk reduction = 16.9%, absolute risk reduction = 0.5%, number needed to treat = 217 for a mean period of 20 months) compared with patients receiving aspirin.

Conclusion In patients with established cardiovascular disease, clopidogrel was associated with a 17% relative-risk reduction for nonfatal MI, borderline decreased risk for MACE, and similar risk for all-cause mortality, stroke, and major bleeding compared with aspirin.

Protocol Registration PROSPERO CRD42021283866.