bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact response and dynamic strength of partially melted aluminum alloy
Authors: Zaretsky E. B. , Kanel G. I.
Published: September 2012

Solid solution treated aluminum alloy 6061 was tested in a series of planar impact experiments in which the initial sample temperature was varied between 296 and 902 K with special attention paid to the temperatures of the solid-liquid two-phase region. In the experiments, the free surface velocity histories were recorded using velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). It has been found that both the dynamic yield and the dynamic tensile strengths of the alloy decline monotonously through the two-phase domain and vanish completely as the initial sample temperature approaches 902 K and as the content of the liquid phase in the alloy approaches 20%. Through the same temperature interval the plastic wave rise-time and the time interval between elastic and plastic waves behave non-monotonously and display a sharp maximum at 876 K, some 20 K above the solidus temperature of the alloy. We presently assume that the non-monotonous behavior is caused by a compressive-induced solidification of a thin liquid layer between the grains of the solid phase.
Polarization-selective color-filter Fresnel lens in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Chen Gao-Sin , Yeh Hui-Chen
Published: September 2012

This study demonstrated a color-filter Fresnel lens in polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs). The liquid crystals in the odd zones were in a planar cholesteric texture, the Bragg reflection band of which was located in the infrared region. The even zones had a focal conic texture. The linearly polarized white light passing through the planar texture underwent optical activity. The light with the polarization perpendicular to the transmission axis of an analyzer behind the PSCLC Fresnel lens was eliminated. Changing the orientation of the transmission axis of the analyzer can select the color of the focusing image.
The stability of weakly ionized collisional dusty plasma in the presence of flow
Authors: Pandey B. P. , Vranjes J. , Vladimirov S. V.
Published: September 2012

The stability of weakly ionized and magnetized plasma in the presence of transverse (to the magnetic field) neutral wind is investigated in the present work. The collisional coupling of ambient background flow to the magnetized plasma gives rise to an electric field. In the presence of charged unmagnetized dust, electrostatic fluctuations in such plasma become unstable, with the growth rate dependent on the plasma thermal speed as well as on the dust charge and collision frequencies. This instability is similar to the Farley-Buneman instability. However, unlike Farley-Buneman, where the growth rate is directly dependent on the background flow, this dependence in the present case is only indirect. It is shown that this instability can grow over few seconds in the Earth's lower ionosphere and thus could play an important role in the structure formation.
Accurate analysis of conduction and resistive-switching mechanisms in double-layered resistive-switching memory devices
Authors: Lee Jung-Kyu , Jung Sunghun , Park Jinwon , Chung Sung-Woong , Sung Roh Jae , Hong Sung-Joo , Hwan Cho Il , Kwon Hyuck-In , Hyeong Park Chan , Park Byung-Gook , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: September 2012

Resistive-switching and current conduction mechanisms have been studied in TiN/Ti/TiOx/HfOx/TiN resistive-switching random access memories (RRAMs). From I-V characteristics and temperature measurement, thermionic emission is found to be the most appropriate mechanism representing the dominant current conduction in all the bias regions and resistance states. Low-frequency noise power spectrum is measured to analyze accurately the conduction mechanism, which corroborates the thermionic-emission. Also, using the migration of oxygen ions depending on the polarity of the applied field, we propose the resistive-switching model of a double-layered RRAM to explain the unique resistive-switching characteristics.
Intergrain variations of the chemical and electronic surface structure of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell absorbers
Authors: Wilks R. G. , Repins I. , Contreras M. A. , Félix R. , Herrero-Albillos J. , Tati-Bismaths L. , Kronast F. , Noufi R. , Bär M.
Published: September 2012

The μm-scale spatial distribution of the elements of polycrystalline Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 absorber surfaces is examined using x-ray photoelectron emission microscopy. The chemical composition varies from grain to grain, and a direct, linear anticorrelation between the In 3d and Ga 2p photoemission line intensities is observed. The line intensities are interpreted in terms of a varying value of x= Ga/(In+ Ga); the band gaps calculated from the inferred compositions of the grains are shown to be normally distributed with a standard deviation of 40 meV.
‘Working with the team’: an exploratory study of improved type 2 diabetes management in a new model of integrated primary/secondary care
Authors: Hepworth Julie , Askew Deborah , Jackson Claire , Russell Anthony
Published: September 2012

This study aimed to explore how a new model of integrated primary/secondary care for type 2 diabetes management, the Brisbane South Complex Diabetes Service (BSCDS), related to improved diabetes management in a selected group of patients. We used a qualitative research design to obtain detailed accounts from the BSCDS via semi-structured interviews with 10 patients. The interviews were fully transcribed and systematically coded using a form of thematic analysis. Participants’ responses were grouped in relation to: (1) Patient-centred care; (2) Effective multiprofessional teamwork; and (3) Empowering patients. The key features of this integrated primary/secondary care model were accessibility and its delivery within a positive health care environment, clear and supportive interpersonal communication between patients and health care providers, and patients seeing themselves as being part of the team-based care. The BSCDS delivered patient-centred care and achieved patient engagement in ways that may have contributed to improved type 2 diabetes management in these participants.
Song of the Artesian Water: aridity, drought and disputation along Queensland's pastoral frontier in Australia
Authors: Powell O. C.
Published: September 2012

Following the recent discovery of artesian supplies, the Shearers’ Strike of 1891 and the onset of the Federation drought (1895–1902), A. B. ‘Banjo’ Paterson’s Song of the Artesian Water, published in 1896, was written at a time of profound social and environmental upheaval in the ‘bush’ of Australia. In order to better understand the historical encounters between colonial capitalism and semiarid rangeland environments, this paper unpacks the cultural meaning behind Song of the Artesian Water by exploring the interactions between water, scientific knowledge, drought and environmental transformation along the pastoral frontier of Queensland. Banjo Paterson’s poem is used as a framework to provide an historical interpretation of European exploitation of the Great Artesian Basin as well as a framework for current economic uses and environmental threats.
Habitat use and behaviour of cattle in a heterogeneous desert environment in central Australia
Authors: Frank Anke S. K. , Dickman Chris R. , Wardle Glenda M.
Published: September 2012

The activities of livestock in arid environments typically centre on watering points, with grazing impacts often predicted to decrease uniformly, as radial piospheres, with distance from water. In patchy desert environments, however, the spatial distribution of grazing impacts is more difficult to predict. In this study sightings and dung transects are used to identify preferred cattle habitats in the heterogeneous dune system of the Simpson Desert, central Australia. The importance of watering points as foci for cattle activity was confirmed and it was shown that patchily distributed gidgee woodland, which comprises only 16% of the desert environment, is the most heavily used habitat for cattle away from water and provides critical forage and shade resources. By contrast, dune swales and sides, which are dominated by shade- and forage-deficient spinifex grassland and comprise >70% of the available habitat, were less utilised. These results suggest that habitat use by cattle is influenced jointly by water point location and by the dispersion of woodland patches in a resource-poor matrix. The findings were used to build a modified conceptual model of cattle habitat use which was compared with an original piosphere model, and the consequences for wildlife in environments where the model applies are discussed.
Serial and parallel processing in reading: Investigating the effects of parafoveal orthographic information on nonisolated word recognition
Authors: Dare Natasha , Shillcock Richard
Published: September 2012

We present a novel lexical decision task and three boundary paradigm eye-tracking experiments that clarify the picture of parallel processing in word recognition in context. First, we show that lexical decision is facilitated by associated letter information to the left and right of the word, with no apparent hemispheric specificity. Second, we show that parafoveal preview of a repeat of word n at word n + 1 facilitates reading of word n relative to a control condition with an unrelated word at word n + 1. Third, using a version of the boundary paradigm that allowed for a regressive eye movement, we show no parafoveal “postview” effect on reading word n of repeating word n at word n – 1 . Fourth, we repeat the second experiment but compare the effects of parafoveal previews consisting of a repeated word n with a transposed central bigram (e.g., caot for coat) and a substituted central bigram (e.g., ceit for coat), showing the latter to have a deleterious effect on processing word n, thereby demonstrating that the parafoveal preview effect is at least orthographic and not purely visual.
Political Economy of the Sovereign Debt Crisis: The Limits of Internal Devaluation
Authors: Armingeon Klaus , Baccaro Lucio
Published: September 2012

This article makes three interrelated arguments: first, the sovereign debt crisis is more complex than a simple story about fiscally irresponsible governments which now are being forced by international financial markets to tighten their belts. Ultimately, it is the result of a political decision to create a currency union among economically non-homogenous countries without making any provision for the use of democratically legitimated fiscal transfers to correct asymmetric shocks. Second, the internal devaluation policy which is being imposed on Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain is ineffective and counterproductive. Internal devaluation depresses growth, and the absence of growth requires further austerity for government to regain their fiscal credibility, thus generating a vicious cycle. Third, while national governments continue to be held electorally accountable by citizens, they have lost any meaningful ability to choose among alternative policy options and, as a result, implement everywhere pretty much the same, deeply unpopular austerity package. This situation threatens not just the future viability of the Euro but of the European project as a whole.
Postharvest Disease Development on Southern Highbush Blueberry Fruit in Relation to Berry Flesh Type and Harvest Method
Authors: Mehra L. K. , MacLean D. D. , Savelle A. T. , Scherm H.
Published: September 2012

Postharvest decay, incited by various fungal pathogens, is a major concern in most blueberry production areas of the United States. Because the risk of infection is increased by fruit bruising, which in turn is increased by machine-harvesting, it has been difficult to harvest fruit from the early-maturing but soft-textured southern highbush blueberries (SHB) mechanically for the fresh market. This could change fundamentally with the recent development of SHB genotypes with crisp-textured (“crispy”) berries, i.e., fruit with qualitatively firmer flesh and/or more resistant skin. Four replicate row sections of two or three SHB genotypes having crispy fruit and three with conventional fruit were either hand- or machine-harvested at a commercial blueberry farm in northern Florida in April 2009 and May 2010. Harvested fruit were sorted, packed, and placed in cold storage (2°C) for up to 3 weeks. Average counts of aerobic bacteria, total yeasts and molds, coliforms, and Escherichia coli on fruit samples before the cold storage period were below commercial tolerance levels in most cases. In both years, natural disease incidence after cold storage was lowest for hand-harvested crispy fruit and highest for machine-harvested conventional fruit. Interestingly, machine-harvested crispy fruit had the same or lower disease incidence as hand-harvested conventional fruit. Across all treatments, natural postharvest disease incidence was inversely related to fruit firmness, with firmness values >220 g/mm associated with low disease. In separate experiments, samples from the 0-day cold storage period were inoculated at the stem end with Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, or Colletotrichum acutatum, and disease incidence was assessed after 7 days in a cold room followed by 60 to 72 h at room temperature. In response to artificial inoculation, less disease developed on crispy berries. No significant effect of harvest method was observed, except for A. alternata inoculation in 2009, when hand-harvested fruit developed a lower level of disease than machine-harvested fruit. Taken together, this study suggests that mechanical harvesting of SHB cultivars with crisp-textured berries is feasible from a postharvest pathology perspective.
Resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Tobacco Breeding Lines Derived from Variety Beinhart 1000
Authors: McCorkle Kestrel , Lewis Ramsey , Shew David
Published: September 2012

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is managed primarily by host resistance. The rapid emergence of race 1 eliminated the usefulness of available complete resistance, leading breeders to search for new sources of resistance. Cigar tobacco ‘Beinhart 1000’ (BH) is highly resistant to all races of P. nicotianae. Doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a cross of BH and the susceptible ‘Hicks’ were evaluated for black shank resistance, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage groups (LGs) 4 and 8 accounted for >43% of the phenotypic variation in resistance. Forty-three DH lines and parents were evaluated, and genotypes with one or both QTL from BH on LGs 4 and 8 had increased incubation periods and decreased root rot but higher final inoculum levels than genotypes with neither QTL. A low level of stem resistance was observed in BH and DH lines with the QTL from BH on LG 4 but not LG 8. Low levels of leaf resistance were seen for Hicks, BH, and DH lines with both QTL from BH on LG 4 and 8. The partial resistance from BH has not been used commercially and may provide an increase in level of partial resistance in future tobacco varieties.
Three anilides of 2,2′-thiodibenzoic acid
Authors: Helliwell Madeleine , Moosun Salma , Bhowon Minu G. , Jhaumeer-Laulloo Sabina , Joule John A.
Published: September 2012

The structures ofN,N′-bis(2-methylphenyl)-2,2′-thiodibenzamide, C28H24N2O2S, (Ia),N,N′-bis(2-ethylphenyl)-2,2′-thiodibenzamide, C30H28N2O2S, (Ib), andN,N′-bis(2-bromophenyl)-2,2′-thiodibenzamide, C26H18Br2N2O2S, (Ic), are compared with each other. For the 19 atoms of the consistent thiodibenzamide core, the r.m.s. deviations of the molecules in pairs are 0.29, 0.90 and 0.80 Å for (Ia)/(Ib), (Ia)/(Ic) and (Ib)/(Ic), respectively. The conformations of the central parts of molecules (Ia) and (Ib) are similar due to an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen-bonding interaction. The molecules of (Ia) are further linked into infinite chains along thecaxis by intermolecular N—H...O interactions, whereas the molecules of (Ib) are linked into chains alongbby an intermolecular N—H...π contact. The conformation of (Ic) is quite different from those of (Ia) and (Ib), since there is no intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, but instead there is a possible intramolecular N—H...Br hydrogen bond. The molecules are linked into chains alongcby intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Impact of ISO 9000 certification on firm performance: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Starke Francisco , Eunni Rangamohan V. , Manoel Martins Dias Fouto Nuno , Felisoni de Angelo Claudio
Published: September 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ISO 9000 certification on three dimensions of firm performance that are theoretically derived to have a relationship with the adoption of ISO 9000 standards, namely, sales revenue, cost of goods sold/sales revenue, and the asset turnover ratio (sales/total assets).

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a panel data approach covering all publicly traded companies in Brazil that had adopted the ISO 9000 standards from 1995 to 2006, the authors investigate the impact of the certification on firm performance using three categories of economic regression models: the pooling of cutting data with ordinary least squares, the fixed effects and the random effects.

Findings

ISO 9000 certification is found to be associated with an increase in sales revenues, decrease in cost of goods sold/sales revenue and increase in the asset turnover ratios of the certified firms.

Research limitations/implications

The research findings suggest that companies large or small, irrespective of their capital structure (i.e. debt/equity) and cutting across industries will benefit from the adoption of ISO 9000 standards. However, the extent to which firms benefit from such adoption is likely to vary. Moreover, the generalizability of the research findings is limited by the size of the sample.

Originality/value

The paper's chief contribution lies in the validation of the signaling theory in the context of business organizations and extending the domain of research on this topic to emerging markets generally.
Reliable registration of LiDAR data and aerial images without orientation parameters
Authors: Li Hui , Zhong Cheng , Huang Xianfeng
Published: September 2012

Purpose

The fusion of aerial imagery and LiDAR point clouds are considered as one of the most promising approaches for many fields, such as 3D city reconstruction and tree detection. The purpose of this paper is to achieve reliable registering LiDAR data and aerial images without orientation parameters based on a progressive optimizing process.

Design/methodology/approach

First, combination of edges and their corners is extracted and considered as registration primitives; then search conjugate primitives globally with a suitable buffer of each edge; after that, a progressive algorithm is adopted to optimize the registration; finally, error analysis and data fusion are carried out.

Findings

After a progressive optimum algorithm, the number and the distribution of the matched pairs are sufficient for generation of reliable and accurate orientation parameters. The results show RMS of residual errors gets close to one DSM cell, which is equal to or even better than that in other literatures.

Originality/value

The method proposed in the paper is feasible and effective to generate reliable and accurate registering results.
Experimental characterization and diagnostics of the early‐age behavior of a semi‐integral abutment FRP deck bridge
Authors: Gangone Michael V. , Whelan Matthew J. , Janoyan Kerop D. , Minnetyan Levon
Published: September 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to further validate a wireless sensor system developed at Clarkson University for structural monitoring of highway bridges. The particular bridge monitored employs a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) panel system which is fairly innovative in the field of civil engineering design. The superstructure was monitored on two separate occasions to determine a change in structural response and see how the structural system performs over time.

Design/methodology/approach

A series of wireless sensor units was deployed at various locations of the steel superstructure, to measure both the modal response from acceleration measurements as well as quasi‐static and dynamic strain response. Ambient and forced loading conditions were applied to measure the response. Data results were compared over two separate periods approximately nine months apart.

Findings

The first eight mode shapes were produced from output‐only system identification providing natural frequencies ranging from approximately 6 to 42 Hz. The strain response was monitored over two different testing periods to measure various performance characteristics. Neutral axis, distribution factor, impact factor and end fixity were determined. Results appeared to be different over the two testing periods. They indicate that the load rating of the superstructure decreased over the nine month period, possibly due to deterioration of the materials or composite action.

Research limitations/implications

The results from the two testing periods indicate that further testing needs to be completed to validate the change in response. It is difficult to say with certainty that the significant change in response is due to bridge deterioration and not other factors such as temperature effects on load rating. The sensor system, however, proved to provide high quality data and responses indicating its successful deployment for load testing and monitoring of highway infrastructure.

Originality/value

The paper provides a depiction of the change in structural behavior of a bridge superstructure using a wireless sensor system. The wireless system provided high‐rate data transmission in real time. Load testing at two different points in time, eight months apart, showed a significant change in bridge behavior. The paper provides a practical and actual physical load test and rating during these two periods for quantifiable change in response. It is shown that the wireless system is capable of infrastructure monitoring and that possible deterioration is expected with this particular bridge design. Additionally, the load testing occurred during different seasons, which could create cause for temperature effects in load rating. This can provide a basis for future performance monitoring techniques and structural health monitoring.
Challenging and reinforcing gender boundaries at work
Authors: Leinonen Minna
Published: September 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse management and employee experiences of gender divisions at work and to reflect on gender boundaries using the method of democratic dialogue. It also considers the use of experiences in efforts supporting workplace democracy.

Design/methodology/approach

Finnish action research project sought to promote both gender equality and democratic dialogue. Content analysis is applied on group discussions on promoting gender equality at work.

Findings

Gender divisions in organizations were widely recognized. Challenges arose from the incompatibility of images of gender and gendered images of work. Participants’ perspectives varied depending on their hierarchical position.

Research limitations/implications

Democratic dialogue provides tools to approach sensitive topics that need special attention in promoting gender equality.

Practical implications

Work organizations need to use forums that bring together management and employee perspectives with a gender‐sensitive approach to support workplace democracy.

Originality/value

The paper shows that, to enable change, the understandings of gender and gender equality have to be negotiated on the local level and in a way that connects to participants’ realities and experiences.
Knowledge management fishbone: a standard framework of organizational enablers
Authors: Kamhawi Emad M.
Published: September 2012

Purpose

The main purpose of this study is to craft and test a framework for the link between knowledge management (KM) and performance in organizations, with a view of providing a deeper understanding of the different KM output levels or stages that this link goes through, as well as highlighting the organizational context of each level in that link.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey method was used to elicit opinions from 167 mid‐ and top‐level managers from the top 81 Bahraini businesses.

Findings

The study results produced a fishbone model. Its spine positioned knowledge management activities as the first output level, leading to innovation as the second, which in turn impacts the organization's level of agility, and finally links to performance as the head of that skeletal model.

Research limitations/implications

The results highlight the different organizational enablers for these stages, which have been diagrammed as the ribs of the fish skeleton‐like model.

Originality/value

The framework may become a standard model, i.e. may work as a reference for academics and practitioners to help evaluate which KM level needs to be emphasized, at what time, and then what critical factors managers should work on, in order to maximize the organization's outcome from each stage of the model.
A participative research for learning methodology on education doctoral training programmes
Authors: Garland Paul , Garland Irene
Published: September 2012

Purpose

This paper aims to outline a participative approach to researching education doctoral students' trajectories that functions both as a form of training in research methodology and as a means of reflection on the doctoral trajectory and what doctoral students have brought to the doctoral process through their experience.

Design/methodology/approach

Ten participants formed dyads and acted as both researchers and subjects of research, using narrative accounts and interviews. The collaborative approach aimed to allow “hands‐on” experience of the selected methods, as well as full engagement in negotiating each stage of the project.

Findings

Project group meetings and the data generated by participants provided a rich source of learning about methodological issues in education research, in addition to the personal understandings emerging from such a project.

Originality/value

This project reports an approach to “hands‐on” learning of methodological and ethical issues within doctoral development programmes that could be adapted for use on similar programmes. It suggests an alternative to the more common forms of doctoral training (such as exposition, discussion, reading, or simulation) that is of real value to doctoral students in that it enables deep reflection on the journeys that have brought students to doctoral study, whilst at the same time providing a rich resource for methodological learning.
Using structured writing retreats to support novice researchers
Authors: Petrova Petia , Coughlin Annika
Published: September 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to disseminate to a readership of researcher development professionals the authors' own experiences of having organised four writing retreats, and to share their tips for good practice.

Design/methodology/approach

Although the authors do draw upon references to pertinent literature, they choose a predominantly descriptive format. They detail the format of each retreat and present their reflections on the process of organising and delivering the retreats.

Findings

Retreats are positive, inspirational and valuable to those involved. They provide an opportunity to participate in the practices that are generally central to an academic identity and that can help participants in their identity transitions.

Research limitations/implications

This is not intended to be an academic article.

Practical implications

The article can inform practice and provides practical recommendations for delivery of writing retreats.

Social implications

The article incorporates discussion of the authors' experientially‐informed view that writing retreats offer supportive environments for developing early career researchers, and enabling their career growth through publishing, and often they provide opportunities for engaging with the academic community, which participants may not have experienced before.

Originality/value

There are few published articles that focus on writing retreats. What this article offers is a culmination of experiences from four different retreats. It has the potential to provide a reference point for academic developers and those considering writing retreats or related researcher development interventions.
Effect of intimate partner violence on postpartum women's health in northeastern Thailand
Authors: Saito Amornrat , Creedy Debra , Cooke Marie , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: September 2012

In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner, and the effects on health status of postpartum women who gave birth at two tertiary hospitals in northeastern Thailand. Participants were recruited during pregnancy and interviewed at 6 weeks' postpartum. Measures included the Short Form 12‐Item Health Survey, Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory, and Severity of Violence against Women scale. Participants reported high rates of psychological abuse, threats and/or acts of physical abuse, and sexual violence. Abused postpartum women had lower well‐being than non‐abused women on all Short Form 12‐Item Health Survey subscales, except the general health subscale. These women also had significant poorer health compared to non‐abused women, in social functioning and mental health. The study findings suggest that routine screening for intimate partner violence by maternity services is urgently needed.
CREATING CRICKET'S BILLION DOLLAR BRAND
Authors: Crainer Stuart
Published: September 2012

Lalit Modi is the inspiration behind one of the greatest sports business stories of the last decade: the noisy, dramatic and lucrative rise of the India Premier League, where cricket meets Bollywood.
Redeeming the lost voice of the ancestors
Authors: Troudart Michal
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  The Holocaust of the Jews in World War II involved not only the murder of 6 million Jews but also the traumatic destruction and wipe‐out of whole communities, with their rich culture and tradition which had existed for centuries. In places where no one survived, it was almost impossible to reconstruct the collective memory of those communities. The voice of the ancestors was lost. As a daughter of Holocaust survivors, I have always felt the strong presence of the loss, not only of the murdered family members but also of the ancient colourful world of Eastern European Jews. I have always felt compelled to link back to that lost world. In the past three years, my journey to the pre‐war past has become more intense. This article describes the double role of my journey: it is both an attempt to reconstruct, redeem and preserve the memory of the lost ancestors, and a personal journey to the echoes of my ancestors’ voices within my soul.
The Red Book and clinical practice
Authors: Bygott Catherine
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Jung's work is fundamentally an experience, not an idea. From this perspective, I attempt to bridge conference, consulting room and living psyche by considering the influence of the ‘Red Book’ on clinical practice through the subtle and imaginal. Jung's journey as a man broadens out to have relevance for women. His story is individual but its archetypal foundation finds parallel expression in analytic practice today.
Clinical implications of The Red Book: Liber Novus
Authors: Bright George
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  In this presentation I consider whether the importance of Spirit in Liber Novus may render the task of its clinical application peculiarly problematic. Freud's experimentation on himself is briefly compared with Jung's self‐experimentation of which Liber Novus is the record. Taking up the theme of the vas from Gaillard's paper, I refer to Jung's two major contributions to the elaboration of the Freudian frame: the necessity for the analyst to have been analysed, and the positive value of countertransference. In an epilogue, I briefly discuss a dream related to the preparation of this report for publication, emphasizing the theme of the disturbing effects of Spirit as a key theme both in Liber Novus itself and in any attempt to assimilate it on the part of the contemporary analyst.
Evolution of simple sequence repeat–mediated phase variation in bacterial genomes
Authors: Bayliss Christopher D. , Palmer Michael E.
Published: September 2012

Mutability as mechanism for rapid adaptation to environmental challenge is an alluringly simple concept whose apotheosis is realized in simple sequence repeats (SSR). Bacterial genomes of several species contain SSRs with a proven role in adaptation to environmental fluctuations. SSRs are hypermutable and generate reversible mutations in localized regions of bacterial genomes, leading to phase variable ON/OFF switches in gene expression. The application of genetic, bioinformatic, and mathematical/computational modeling approaches are revolutionizing our current understanding of how genomic molecular forces and environmental factors influence SSR‐mediated adaptation and led to evolution of this mechanism of localized hypermutation in bacterial genomes.
Sites of genetic instability in mitosis and cancer
Authors: Casper Anne M. , Rosen Danielle M. , Rajula Kaveri D.
Published: September 2012

Certain chromosomal regions called common fragile sites are prone to difficulty during replication. Many tumors have been shown to contain alterations at fragile sites. Several models have been proposed to explain why these sites are unstable. Here we describe work to investigate models of fragile site instability using a yeast artificial chromosome carrying human DNA from a common fragile site region. In addition, we describe a yeast system to investigate whether repair of breaks at a naturally occurring fragile site in yeast, FS2, involves mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes, leading to loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Our initial evidence is that repair of yeast fragile site breaks does lead to LOH, suggesting that human fragile site breaks may similarly contribute to LOH in cancer. This work is focused on gaining understanding that may enable us to predict and prevent the situations and environments that promote genetic changes that contribute to tumor progression.
The tricky path to recombining X and Y chromosomes in meiosis
Authors: Kauppi Liisa , Jasin Maria , Keeney Scott
Published: September 2012

Sex chromosomes are the Achilles' heel of male meiosis in mammals. Mis‐segregation of the X and Y chromosomes leads to sex chromosome aneuploidies, with clinical outcomes such as infertility and Klinefelter syndrome. Successful meiotic divisions require that all chromosomes find their homologous partner and achieve recombination and pairing. Sex chromosomes in males of many species have only a small region of homology (the pseudoautosomal region, PAR) that enables pairing. Until recently, little was known about the dynamics of recombination and pairing within mammalian X and Y PARs. Here, we review our recent findings on PAR behavior in mouse meiosis. We uncovered unexpected differences between autosomal chromosomes and the X–Y chromosome pair, namely that PAR recombination and pairing occurs later, and is under different genetic control. These findings imply that spermatocytes have evolved distinct strategies that ensure successful X–Y recombination and chromosome segregation.
Indirect selection of implicit mutation protocols
Authors: King David G.
Published: September 2012

A hypothesis that mutability evolves to facilitate evolutionary adaptation is dismissed by many biologists. Their skepticism is based on a theoretical expectation that natural selection must minimize mutation rates. That view, in turn, is historically grounded in an intuitive presumption that “the vast majority of mutations are harmful.” But such skepticism is surely misplaced. Several highly mutagenic genomic patterns, including simple sequence repeats, and transposable elements, are integrated into an unexpectedly large proportion of functional genetic loci. Because alleles arising within such patterns can retain an intrinsic propensity toward a particular style of mutation, natural selection that favors any such allele can indirectly favor the site's mutability as well. By exploiting patterns that have produced beneficial alleles in the past, indirect selection can encourage mutation within constraints that reduce the probability of deleterious effect, thereby shaping implicit “mutation protocols” that effectively promote evolvability.
Economic Nationalism: Theory, History and Prospects
Authors: Pryke Sam
Published: September 2012

This article makes both a theoretical and empirical contribution to understanding economic nationalism. It does this first through providing an appropriate definition of the term. Taking issue with the generalised remit of economic nationalism in recent writings, it suggests that it consists of practices to create, bolster and protect national economies in the context of world markets. Taking this definition, the subsequent history section identifies economic nationalism’s rise in the late 19th century, the impetus of crisis after 1929 and its institutionalisation after 1945. Simultaneously, the accelerating growth of world markets through greater exports undermined the reality of national economies. This takes us to the period after the financial crash of 2008. In its aftermath, commentators warned of a resurgence of economic nationalism, that is, protectionism. Some states did increase tariff levels but this has not led to a generalised increase in barriers to trade in the pursuit of national economies for interrelated reasons: (1) the integration and therefore interdependency of economies; (2) the complexity of the global economy, making it all but impossible to separate by nationality; (3) the greater extensity of world markets compared to the mid‐20th century; (4) the redundancy of the various models of economic nationalism.

Policy Implications

Economic nationalism should be understood as a set of practices to create, bolster and protect national economies in the context of world markets. The rise and institutionalisation of economic nationalism in the 20th century was a product of economic crisis, nationalist movements and enlarged states.

There has been no ‘return of economic nationalism’ as in a generalised rise in protective barriers to trade since the financial crash of 2011. Unlike the 1930s, sovereign debt has not motivated states to withdraw from global markets.

The integration, complexity and extensity of the world’s economy mean that a reversal of trade as great as during the interwar period would entail an economic Armageddon. Whatever future ructions the world’s economy experiences due, above all, to chronic levels of sovereign debt, policy makers should be mindful of this reality.

Simultaneously, they should be aware that ongoing instability may entail greater economic nationalism. The key lesson from the period after the Second World War is relevant now at a more overtly global level: the importance of planning, regulation and respect for models of economic diversity to further global trade.
Asian Contributions to Three Instruments of Global Health Governance
Authors: Lee Kelley , Kamradt‐Scott Adam , Yoon Sungwon , Xu Jingying
Published: September 2012

It is widely recognised that the adverse impacts that transnational forces are having on health determinants and outcomes require more effective collective action. The Asian region has been among the most acutely affected by the health impacts of globalisation, while many health issues in the region have potentially far reaching consequences. The rapidly rising economic status of many Asian countries, coupled with their vulnerability to global health, points to the need to better understand their contributions to Global Health Governance (GHG). This article analyses Asian contributions to three key instruments underpinning GHG – the International Health Regulations (IHR), Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework (PIPF), and Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It finds that, if Asian countries are to move, from rule takers to rule makers, there is a need to address weak capacity in the region, to go beyond traditional notions of sovereignty, and to build trust and policy processes across the region.

Policy implications

 The impacts of globalisation on health within the region, and the potential for health issues in the region to have global consequences, suggest that strengthening GHG requires increased Asian engagement commensurate with the region’s growing economic strength.

 Emergent forms of GHG have been shaped to date by a small number of high income countries. Asian state and nonstate actors have been increasingly inclined to challenge existing institutional arrangements and rules.

 Without stronger technical capacity and political processes to enable meaningful participation in global health governance negotiations, Asian countries will remain rule takers rather than rule makers.
Adenocarcinoma of the parotid salivary gland in a cow
Authors: Salgado Breno S. , Monteiro Lidianne N. , Grandi Fabrizio , Nonogaki Suely , Rocha Rafael M. , Rocha Noeme S.
Published: September 2012

A 6‐year‐oldGirolando dairy cow was presented for evaluation of a large subcutaneous facial mass. Fine‐needle aspirates of the mass contained many neoplastic cells with high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios arranged in sheets and loosely cohesive clusters with streaming erythrocytes and neutrophils in the background. Neoplastic cells were 13–25 μm in diameter and were round to cuboidal with variably distinct borders. Based on the signalment, anatomic location, and cytologic findings, differential diagnoses included salivary adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The cow was euthanized and a necropsy was performed. The primary neoplasm arose from the left parotid salivary gland and meastatic tumor was found in the regional lymph nodes and lung. Histologically, the tumor was composed of anastomosing and irregular solid islets surrounded by scant stroma. Cells were negative for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS),PAS‐diastase, andAlcian bluepH2.5 stains, used to detect mucin. On immunohistochemical analysis, neoplastic luminal salivary gland cells expressed cytokeratin, but notS100, α‐smooth muscle actin, or vimentin. Peripheral cells of neoplastic islets were immunoreactive for p63. The final diagnosis was nonsecretory adenocarcinoma of the parotid salivary gland.
High aspect ratio features in poly(methylglutarimide) using electron beam lithography and solvent developers
Authors: Karbasian Golnaz , Fay Patrick J. , Xing Huili (Grace) , Jena Debdeep , Orlov Alexei O. , Snider Gregory L.
Published: September 2012

The properties of poly(methylglutarimide) (PMGI) when used as an electron beam resist are investigated. The results show that PMGI, when developed with a weak developer, xylenes, shows contrast higher than 12, which is comparable to the contrast achieved in cold developed poly(methylmethacrylate), and approximately twice as high as the recently achieved PMGI contrast using other developers. Using this high contrast polymer, sub 20 nm features with aspect ratios greater than 30:1 can be readily achieved. In addition to the superior positive tone behavior, this polymer behaves as a negative tone resist at higher exposure doses. Negative resist features as small as 20 nm can be fabricated when methyl isobutyl ketone is used to develop negative tone PMGI.
Evidence for NO

x

Control over Nighttime SOA Formation
Authors: Rollins A. W. , Browne E. C. , Min K.-E. , Pusede S. E. , Wooldridge P. J. , Gentner D. R. , Goldstein A. H. , Liu S. , Day D. A. , Russell L. M. , Cohen R. C.
Published: September 2012

Nighttime Sources

Organic aerosols account for about half of the total mass of small (submicrometer) particles in the troposphere, and most of them are believed to form through the oxidation of volatile molecules, rather than being emitted directly from specific sources. These particles have important roles in many atmospheric processes, and therefore a better understanding of their complex composition and chemistry is desirable.

Rollins
et al.

(p.
1210
) report on measurements of particulate organic nitrates, an important class of organic aerosols that form at night. However, they also found that high concentrations of organic molecules can suppress the growth of organic nitrate particles. These observations should help improve efforts to reduce organic aerosol pollution.
A Head in the Clouds Elucidates

Atmosphere, Clouds, and Climate
by David Randall

Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2012. 287 pp. $75, £52. ISBN 9780691143743. Paper, $27.95, £19.95. ISBN 9780691143750. Princeton Primers in Climate.
Authors: Hill Spencer
Published: September 2012

Randall provides a lucid introduction to how the atmosphere works.
Planning Career Paths for Ph.D.s
Authors: Austin Jim , Alberts Bruce
Published: September 2012

There was a time not so long ago when new Science Ph.D.s in the United States
were expected to pursue a career path in academia. But today, most graduates end
up working outside academia, not only in industry but also in careers such as
science policy, communications, knowledge brokering, and patent law.
*
Partly this is a result of how bleak the
academic job market is, but there is also a rising awareness of career options
that Ph.D. scientists haven't trained for directly—but for which they
have useful knowledge, skills, and experience. Still, “there is a huge
disconnect between how we currently train scientists and the actual employment
opportunities available for them,”
†
and an urgent need for dramatic improvements in training
programs to help close the gap. One critical step that could help to drive
change would be to require Ph.D. students and postdoctoral scientists to follow
an individual development plan (IDP).
Making Race Without Racism?
Race Decoded
The Genomic Fight for Social Justice

by Catherine Bliss

Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2012. 279 pp. $85. ISBN 9780804774079. Paper, $24.95. ISBN 9780804774086.
Authors: Marks Jonathan
Published: September 2012

Drawing on interviews and life stories, Bliss explores how and why genome researchers are affecting the ways we think about race.
A Scaffold Switch to Insulate
Authors: Davis Roger J.
Published: September 2012

Conformational changes in a protein scaffold can determine signaling specificity.
Real Fish Attack Simulated Plankton
Authors: Romey W. L.
Published: September 2012

An experiment in which predatory fish attack groups of simulated plankton allows evolutionary hypotheses to be tested.
Measuring the Heaviest Atoms
Authors: Bollen Georg
Published: September 2012

Advanced techniques for trapping ions provide a route to probe the stability of superheavy elements.
World-Class Observatory Rising on 'Roof of the World'
Authors: Stone Richard
Published: September 2012

After a 2-decade-long search, astronomers have identified a summit on the Ngari Plateau in southwestern Tibet as the likely site for a premier mountaintop observatory.
ENCODE Project Writes Eulogy for Junk DNA
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: September 2012

This week, 30 research papers, including six in
Nature
and additional papers published online by
Science
, sound the death knell for the idea that our DNA is mostly littered with useless bases.
Flocking to Asia for a Shot at Greatness
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: September 2012

Academics from around the world are taking jobs in Hong Kong, Singapore, and elsewhere in East Asia, lured by generous budgets and a welcome sign for foreigners.
Genomics' Big Talker
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: September 2012

A self-taught programmer turned bioinformatician is playing a big role in shaping how researchers perceive and use DNA sequence data.