bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible involvement of the oxLDL/LOX-1 system in the pathogenesis and progression of human intervertebral disc degeneration or herniation
Authors: Li Xinhua , Wang Xuejun , Hu Zhouyang , Chen Zhaoxiong , Li Haoxi , Liu Xiaoming , Yong Zhi Yao , Wang Shanjing , Wei Zhanying , Han Yingchao , Tan Jun , Li Cong , He Xiao bo , Sun Guixin , Wu Desheng , Li Lijun
Published: August 2017

Epidemiological studies have concluded that hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis were related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and the expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) have not been explored in this tissue. In this study, we investigated the presence of ox-LDL and the expression of its receptor LOX-1 in non-degenerated, degenerated or herniated human intervertebral discs (IVDs). The expression of LOX-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) were studied after incubating nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) with ox-LDL. The presence of ox-LDL and LOX-1 was positively related with the extent of IVDD in nucleus pulposus (NP), end-plate cartilage and outer annulus fibrous, but not with the extent of degeneration of inter annulus fibrous. Ox-LDL significantly reduced the viability of human NPCs in a dose and time-dependent manner, and increased the expression of MMP3 induced by LOX-1. Pretreatment with anti-human LOX-1 monoclonal antibody reversed these effects. Ox-LDL, principally mediated by LOX-1, enhanced MMP3 production in NPCs through the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, increased accumulation of ox-LDL and LOX-1 in IVDs indicates a specific role of the receptor-ligand interaction in degeneration or herniation of IVDs.
Assessing endgame strategies for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis: A model-based evaluation of the impact of DEC-medicated salt
Authors: Smith Morgan E. , Singh Brajendra K. , Michael Edwin
Published: August 2017

Concern is growing regarding the prospects of achieving the global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) by 2020. Apart from operational difficulties, evidence is emerging which points to unique challenges that could confound achieving LF elimination as extinction targets draw near. Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)-medicated salt may overcome these complex challenges posed by the endgame phase of parasite elimination. We calibrated LF transmission models using Bayesian data-model assimilation techniques to baseline and follow-up infection data from 11 communities that underwent DEC salt medication. The fitted models were used to assess the utility of DEC salt treatment for achieving LF elimination, in comparison with other current and proposed drug regimens, during the endgame phase. DEC-medicated salt consistently reduced microfilaria (mf) prevalence from 1% mf to site-specific elimination thresholds more quickly than the other investigated treatments. The application of DEC salt generally required less than one year to achieve site-specific LF elimination, while annual and biannual MDA options required significantly longer durations to achieve the same task. The use of DEC-medicated salt also lowered between-site variance in extinction timelines, especially when combined with vector control. These results indicate that the implementation of DEC-medicated salt, where feasible, can overcome endgame challenges facing LF elimination programs.
A Magnetically Recoverable Fe3O4–NH2–Pd Sorbent for Capture of Mercury from Coal Derived Fuel Gas
Authors: Han Lina , Li Qinglian , Chen Shuai , Xie Wei , Bao Weiren , Chang Liping , Wang Jiancheng
Published: August 2017

A sort of magnetical material named Fe3O4–NH2–Pd was prepared by loading varying amounts of immobilizing Pd on the surface of the magnetic Fe3O4–NH2 microspheres. This magnetical material was used firstly for capturing Hg° from coal derived fuel gas based on its recoverability. The experimental results showed that the loading Pd on the amine-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles can greatly improve the efficiency of removing Hg° at a high temperature range between 200 and 300 °C. The magnetic Fe3O4–NH2–Pd sorbent with 5% Pd loaded exhibited significantly high activity and stability in capturing Hg°, affording over 93% capture efficiency at 200 °C for more than 8 hrs. Compared to the Fe3O4–NH2 sorbent that converted the Hg° as HgS, this Fe3O4–NH2–Pd sorbent can remove the Hg° by forming Pd-Hg amalgam and HgS. In addition, the experimental tests indicated that the as-synthesized Fe3O4–NH2–Pd sorbent still showed stable magnetic properties after two regeneration cycles in removing Hg°, which provided the opportunity for preparing a recyclable sorbent which can be easily separated and recovered for Hg° removal.
A subwavelength spot and a three-dimensional optical trap formed by a single planar element with azimuthal light
Authors: Guan Jian , Lin Jie , Ma Yuan , Tan Jiubin , Jin Peng
Published: August 2017

The generation of subwavelength spots smaller than the Abbe diffraction limit has attracted great interest due to the various applications in many fields, such as high-density optical data storage and particle manipulation. Planar optics that can miniaturize conventional refractive optics have become increasingly attractive. In this work, we first formed a subwavelength bright spot and a three-dimensional optical trap under the illumination of an azimuthally polarized (AP) beam by only a single planar element, a spiral zone plate (SZP). Initially, the SZP was proposed as a computer-generated hologram to generate optical phase singularities. However, the SZP in this work was used to focus and modulate the incident AP beam with a vortex phase simultaneously. Therefore, no additional vortex phase modulating element was introduced in our method. The SZP has an ultra-long focal length of 250λ for a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.95 and an incident wavelength of 632.8 nm. The generated spot is purely transversely polarized with a lateral full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.43λ beyond the diffraction limit of 0.54λ. The generated focal field formed a stable optical trap for a Rayleigh dielectric particle in three dimensions.
MUC1-C activates EZH2 expression and function in human cancer cells
Authors: Rajabi Hasan , Hiraki Masayuki , Tagde Ashujit , Alam Maroof , Bouillez Audrey , Christensen Camilla L. , Samur Mehmet , Wong Kwok-Kin , Kufe Donald
Published: August 2017

The EZH2 histone methyltransferase is a member of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that is highly expressed in diverse human cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. MUC1-C is an oncoprotein that is similarly overexpressed in carcinomas and has been linked to epigenetic regulation. A role for MUC1-C in regulating EZH2 and histone methylation is not known. Here, we demonstrate that targeting MUC1-C in diverse human carcinoma cells downregulates EZH2 and other PRC2 components. MUC1-C activates (i) the EZH2 promoter through induction of the pRB→E2F pathway, and (ii) an NF-κB p65 driven enhancer in exon 1. We also show that MUC1-C binds directly to the EZH2 CXC region adjacent to the catalytic SET domain and associates with EZH2 on the CDH1 and BRCA1 promoters. In concert with these results, targeting MUC1-C downregulates EZH2 function as evidenced by (i) global and promoter-specific decreases in H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), and (ii) activation of tumor suppressor genes, including BRCA1. These findings highlight a previously unreported role for MUC1-C in activating EZH2 expression and function in cancer cells.
Alpine bogs of southern Spain show human-induced environmental change superimposed on long-term natural variations
Authors: García-Alix Antonio , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J. , Toney Jaime L. , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Ramos-Román María J. , Anderson R. Scott , Ruano Patricia , Queralt Ignasi , Delgado Huertas Antonio , Kuroda Junichiro
Published: August 2017

Recent studies have proved that high elevation environments, especially remote wetlands, are exceptional ecological sensors of global change. For example, European glaciers have retreated during the 20th century while the Sierra Nevada National Park in southern Spain witnessed the first complete disappearance of modern glaciers in Europe. Given that the effects of climatic fluctuations on local ecosystems are complex in these sensitive alpine areas, it is crucial to identify their long-term natural trends, ecological thresholds, and responses to human impact. In this study, the geochemical records from two adjacent alpine bogs in the protected Sierra Nevada National Park reveal different sensitivities and long-term environmental responses, despite similar natural forcings, such as solar radiation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, during the late Holocene. After the Industrial Revolution both bogs registered an independent, abrupt and enhanced response to the anthropogenic forcing, at the same time that the last glaciers disappeared. The different response recorded at each site suggests that the National Park and land managers of similar regions need to consider landscape and environmental evolution in addition to changing climate to fully understand implications of climate and human influence.
Paternal nicotine exposure defines different behavior in subsequent generation via hyper-methylation of mmu-miR-15b
Authors: Dai Jingbo , Wang Zhaoxia , Xu Wangjie , Zhang Meixing , Zhu Zijue , Zhao Xianglong , Zhang Dong , Nie Dongsheng , Wang Lianyun , Qiao Zhongdong
Published: July 2017

The neurobehavioral effects of paternal smoking and nicotine use have not been widely reported. In the present study, nicotine exposure induced depression in the paternal generation, but reduced depression and promoted hyperactivity in F1 offspring. While this intergenerational effect was not passed down to the F2 generation. Further studies revealed that nicotine induced the down-regulation of mmu-miR-15b expression due to hyper-methylation in the CpG island shore region of mmu-miR-15b in both the spermatozoa of F0 mice and the brains of F1 mice. As the target gene of mmu-miR-15b, Wnt4 expression was elevated in the thalamus of F1 mice due to the inheritance of DNA methylation patterns from the paternal generation. Furthermore, the increased expression of Wnt4 elevated the phosphorylation level of its downstream protein GSK-3 through the canonical WNT4 pathway which involved in the behavioral alterations observed in F1 mice. Moreover, in vivo stereotaxic brain injections were used to induce the overexpression of mmu-miR-15b and WNT4 and confirm the neurobehavioral effects in vitro. The behavioral phenotype of the F1 mice resulting from paternal nicotine exposure could be attenuated by viral manipulation of mmu-miR-15b in the thalamus.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants Form Thrombus Different From Warfarin in a Microchip Flow Chamber System
Authors: Ishii Masanobu , Kaikita Koichi , Ito Miwa , Sueta Daisuke , Arima Yuichiro , Takashio Seiji , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Yamamuro Megumi , Kojima Sunao , Hokimoto Seiji , Yamabe Hiroshige , Ogawa Hisao , Tsujita Kenichi
Published: August 2017

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have low risk of intracranial hemorrhage compared to warfarin. We sought to clarify the different mechanisms responsible for suppression of bleeding events using the Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS), a flow-microchip chamber with thrombogenic surfaces. Blood samples were obtained at Off- and On-anticoagulant (trough) from 120 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation (warfarin; n = 29, dabigatran; n = 19, rivaroxaban; n = 47, apixaban; n = 25), which were used for T-TAS to compute the area under the curve (AUC) (AR10-AUC30) in the AR chip, and to measure plasma concentrations of DOACs at On-anticoagulant. In addition, the two-dimensional area covered by thrombi (%) in the capillary was analyzed every 3 minutes after sample applications. The AR10-AUC30 correlated weakly and negatively with plasma concentrations of DOACs, and the levels at On-anticoagulant were lower in all groups than at Off-anticoagulant. AR10-AUC30 levels at Off- and On-anticoagulant were identical among the groups. The thrombi areas in early phase were significantly larger in rivaroxaban and apixaban than warfarin and dabigatran groups. The findings suggested that visual analysis of the AR-chip can identify the differential inhibitory patterns of warfarin and DOACs on thrombus formation under flow condition.
JAM-A overexpression is related to disease progression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and downregulated by lenalidomide
Authors: Xu Peng-Peng , Sun Yi-Feng , Fang Ying , Song Qi , Yan Zi-Xun , Chen Yi , Jiang Xu-Feng , Fei Xiao-Chun , Zhao Yan , Leboeuf Christophe , Li Biao , Wang Chao-Fu , Janin Anne , Wang Li , Zhao Wei-Li
Published: August 2017

Cancer stem cells play an important role on tumor progression. Biomarkers of stem cell property and their relationship to extranodal involvement of malignant lymphocytes are undefined in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here we showed that junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) was highly expressed in DLBCL patients with multiple extranodal lesions. JAM-A maintained B-lymphoma cell stemness and was associated with cell invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. As mechanism of action, JAM-A overexpression selectively activated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/NODAL signaling, thereby enhanced B-lymphoma cell aggressiveness and induced extranodal involvement to mesoendoderm-derived organs in DLBCL. Lenalidomide downregulated JAM-A and downstream NODAL expression, resulting in inhibition of B-lymphoma cell invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In a murine xenograft model established with subcutaneous injection of JAM-A-overexpressing B-lymphoma cells, lenalidomide retarded tumor growth and prevented cell invasion to mesoendoderm-derived organs, consistent with the downregulation of JAM-A and NODAL expression. Collectively, these findings indicated that JAM-A was related to extranodal involvement in DLBCL through modulating TGF-β/NODAL signaling. Identified as a biomarker of stem cell property, JAM-A indicated the sensitivity of B-lymphoma cells to lenalidomide. Therapeutic targeting of JAM-A/NODAL axis could thus be a promising clinical strategy to impede tumor progression in DLBCL.
Aerobic condition enhances bacteriostatic effects of silver nanoparticles in aquatic environment: an antimicrobial study on Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chen Zhaoyu , Yang Ping , Yuan Zhiguo , Guo Jianhua
Published: August 2017

The intensive applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inevitably cause continuous release of such materials into environments, as a consequence posing potential risks to microbial communities in engineered or natural ecosystems. However, the magnitude of antibacterial capacity of nanoparticles is still inconclusive, owing to influential factors such as the size of nanoparticle, microbial species, or environmental conditions. To reveal whether the presence of air would alter AgNPs ecotoxicity,Pseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1, a facultative denitrifying bacterium and an opportunity pathogen, was used to study antibacterial assays under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The results indicate that the respiration status ofP. aeruginosaaffect the ecotoxicity of AgNPs.P. aeruginosacultured under aerobic condition were more susceptible to AgNPs than that under anaerobic condition. Aerobic condition greatly enhanced bacteriostatic effects of AgNPs but not their bactericidal effects, as the ratio of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria remained above 90% when 5 mg L−1AgNPs applied. Our findings offer further understanding for the degree of toxicity of nanoparticles on microbial ecosystems and underscore the importance of exposure condition (e.g. oxygen) in the mode of action of AgNPs.
BECon: a tool for interpreting DNA methylation findings from blood in the context of brain
Authors: Edgar R D , Jones M J , Meaney M J , Turecki G , Kobor M S
Published: August 2017

Tissue differences are one of the largest contributors to variability in the human DNA methylome. Despite the tissue-specific nature of DNA methylation, the inaccessibility of human brain samples necessitates the frequent use of surrogate tissues such as blood, in studies of associations between DNA methylation and brain function and health. Results from studies of surrogate tissues in humans are difficult to interpret in this context, as the connection between blood–brain DNA methylation is tenuous and not well-documented. Here, we aimed to provide a resource to the community to aid interpretation of blood-based DNA methylation results in the context of brain tissue. We used paired samples from 16 individuals from three brain regions and whole blood, run on the Illumina 450 K Human Methylation Array to quantify the concordance of DNA methylation between tissues. From these data, we have made available metrics on: the variability of cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) in our blood and brain samples, the concordance of CpGs between blood and brain, and estimations of how strongly a CpG is affected by cell composition in both blood and brain through the web application BECon (Blood–Brain Epigenetic Concordance;https://redgar598.shinyapps.io/BECon/). We anticipate that BECon will enable biological interpretation of blood-based human DNA methylation results, in the context of brain.
Ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible LED irradiation
Authors: Yin Ji-Tong , Li Zhe , Cai Yong , Zhang Qian-Feng , Chen Wei
Published: August 2017

Ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with exceptional visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency are prepared via a facile secondary calcination approach.
Cascade photocaging of diazeniumdiolate: a novel strategy for one and two photon triggered uncaging with real time reporting
Authors: Behara Krishna Kalyani , Rajesh Y. , Venkatesh Yarra , Pinninti Bhaskar Rao , Mandal Mahitosh , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: August 2017

We report a new strategy,viz.cascade photocaging, for protecting diethylamine diazeniumdiolate (O2-position), a light sensitive molecule.
Nonconventional difluoroalkylation of C(sp2)–H bonds through hydroarylation
Authors: Zhu Chuan , Song Shengjin , Zhou Lu , Wang Ding-Xing , Feng Chao , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: August 2017

A nonconventional difluoroalkylation of the C(sp2)–H bond is achieved by Rh(iii)-catalyzed hydroarylation of 2,2-difluorovinyl arenesulfonate.
Halogen-bonded solvates of tetrahaloethynyl cavitands
Authors: Turunen Lotta , Pan Fangfang , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Cetina Mario , Trant John F. , Ras Robin H. A. , Rissanen Kari
Published: July 2017

Tetrahaloethynyl cavitands as multitopic halogen bond donors form a multitude of solvate structures with halogen bond acceptor solvents, such as DMF and DMSO, depending on the structure of the cavitand and the nucleophilicity of the solvent used.
The photoluminescence, thermal properties and tunable color of Na1−xAl1+2xSi1−2xO4:xCe3+/Tb3+/Dy3+via energy transfer: a single-component multicolor-emitting phosphor
Authors: Xu Chengyi , Song Yanhua , Guan Hongxia , Sheng Ye , Ma Pingchuan , Zhou Xiuqing , Shi Zhan , Zou Haifeng
Published: July 2017

A charge compensating defect generated was remedied through Al3+ substituted Si4+; meanwhile, the emission intensity was significantly improved.
Investigation of electronic transport under mechanical strain in a molecular junction composed of a polyyne bridge connected to SWCNT electrodes
Authors: Corrêa S. M. , Ferreira D. F. S. , Siqueira M. R. S. , Reis-Silva J. C. , Leal J. F. P. , da Silva C. A. B. , Del Nero J.
Published: July 2017

A novel treatment to investigate ballistic electron transport under mechanical strain in a 1-D molecular bridge (polyyne) sandwiched by two SWCNT electrodes.
Ionic micelles and aromatic additives: a closer look at the molecular packing parameter
Authors: Lutz-Bueno Viviane , Isabettini Stéphane , Walker Franziska , Kuster Simon , Liebi Marianne , Fischer Peter
Published: August 2017

Tuning mixture of ionic surfactants with aromatic additives results in micelles with impressive viscoelastic properties.
Correction: Analysis of local molecular motions of aromatic sidechains in proteins by 2D and 3D fast MAS NMR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Paluch Piotr , Pawlak Tomasz , Jeziorna Agata , Trébosc Julien , Hou Guangjin , Vega Alexander J. , Amoureux Jean-Paul , Dracinsky Martin , Polenova Tatyana , Potrzebowski Marek J.
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘Analysis of local molecular motions of aromatic sidechains in proteins by 2D and 3D fast MAS NMR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations’ by Piotr Paluch et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 28789–28801.
Catalytic hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, alkynes and alkenes initiated by NaOH
Authors: Wu Yile , Shan Changkai , Ying Jianxi , Su Jue , Zhu Jun , Liu Liu Leo , Zhao Yufen
Published: July 2017

Commercially available NaOH powder is shown to be an efficient transition-metal-free initiator for the catalytic hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, alkynes and alkenes with HBpin and 9-BBN under mild conditions.
Environmentally sound textile dyeing technology with nanofibrillated cellulose
Authors: Kim Yunsang , McCoy Lauren Tolbert , Lee Eliza , Lee Hansol , Saremi Raha , Feit Corbin , Hardin Ian R. , Sharma Suraj , Mani Sudhagar , Minko Sergiy
Published: August 2017

Sustainable textile dyeing technology using nanofibrillated cellulose is developed that would significantly reduce wastewater and potential environmental costs.
Insight into forced hydrogen re-arrangement and altered reaction pathways in a protocol for CO2 catalytic processing of oleic acid into C8–C15 alkanes
Authors: Xing Shiyou , Lv Pengmei , Yuan Haoran , Yang Lingmei , Wang Zhongming , Yuan Zhenhong , Chen Yong
Published: July 2017

A protocol for CO2 enhanced processing of oleic acid for C8–C15 alkane production is proposed where intrinsic hydrogen in oleic acids is re-arranged in final liquid products.
Efficient and sustainable solvents for lignin dissolution: aqueous choline carboxylate solutions
Authors: Xu Airong , Guo Xin , Zhang Yibo , Li Zhiyong , Wang Jianji
Published: July 2017

Aqueous choline carboxylate ILs with environment-friendliness, low viscosity and economical advantages have been used for efficient dissolution of lignin at room temperature.
Three-component synthesis of 2-heteroaryl-benzothiazoles under metal-free conditions
Authors: Li Guozheng , Xie Hao , Chen Jinjin , Guo Yanjun , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: August 2017

2-Heteroaryl-benzothiazole derivatives were selectively prepared from anilines, 2-methylquinolines and elemental sulfur under metal-free conditions.
Biocompatible 3D printed polymers via fused deposition modelling direct C2C12 cellular phenotype in vitro
Authors: Rimington Rowan P. , Capel Andrew J. , Christie Steven D. R. , Lewis Mark P.
Published: August 2017

This research demonstrates biocompatible 3D printed polymers that are capable of controlling skeletal muscle cellular phenotype in vitro.
Novel bio-nanocomposite materials for enhanced biodegradability and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Ahmad Nafees , Sultana Saima , Azam Ameer , Sabir Suhail , Khan Mohammad Zain
Published: July 2017

Novel bio-nanocomposites with enhanced biodegradability and photocatalytic activity were prepared by chemical in situ polymerization.
Photophysical properties of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones: application in the preparation of an azide-based fluorogenic probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Renault Kévin , Renard Pierre-Yves , Sabot Cyrille
Published: July 2017

Fluorescent quinoxalinones with good quantum yields were obtained and used in the preparation of a probe for the detection of H2S.
Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of metal ions Fe and Cu doped and co-doped TiO2
Authors: Garg Alok , Singh Ashutosh , Sangal Vikas K. , Bajpai Pramod K. , Garg Neha
Published: July 2017

TiO2 nanoparticles have been doped and co-doped with two metal ions (Fe and Cu) via the wet impregnation method.
Niclosamide-conjugated polypeptide nanoparticles inhibit Wnt signaling and colon cancer growth
Authors: Bhattacharyya Jayanta , Ren Xiu-Rong , Mook Robert A. , Wang Jiangbo , Spasojevic Ivan , Premont Richard T. , Li Xinghai , Chilkoti Ashutosh , Chen Wei
Published: August 2017

Attachment of the hydrophobic drug NIC (purple triangles) to CP (black chains) triggers self-assembly into cylindrical nanoparticles.
Multivalent mesoporous silica nanoparticles photo-delivering nitric oxide with carbon dots as fluorescence reporters
Authors: Afonso Damien , Valetti Sabrina , Fraix Aurore , Bascetta Claudia , Petralia Salvatore , Conoci Sabrina , Feiler Adam , Sortino Salvatore
Published: August 2017

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles release NO under light control and exploit the embedded carbon dots as fluorescence reporters for the NO liberated.
Asymmetric synthesis of α-deuterated α-amino acids
Authors: Takeda Ryosuke , Abe Hidenori , Shibata Norio , Moriwaki Hiroki , Izawa Kunisuke , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: July 2017

A generalized approach for the preparation of α-2H-α-amino acids in enantiomerically pure form and with up to 99% deuteration is disclosed.
Hierarchical CuCo2O4@NiMoO4 core–shell hybrid arrays as a battery-like electrode for supercapacitors
Authors: Lin Jinghuang , Liang Haoyan , Jia Henan , Chen Shulin , Cai Yifei , Qi Junlei , Cao Jian , Fei Weidong , Feng Jicai
Published: August 2017

Hierarchical CuCo2O4@NiMoO4 core–shell hybrid arrays exhibit a high specific capacitance, good rate capability and excellent cycling stability.
Direct correlation of PNIPAM thermal transition and magnetic resonance relaxation of iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Izza Taib Nurul , Agarwal Vipul , Smith Nicole M. , Woodward Robert C. , St. Pierre Timothy G. , Iyer K. Swaminathan
Published: August 2017

Grafting of PNIPAM on PGMA coated magnetic nanoparticles can be used to study the PNIPAM phase transition in solution.
New method for the synthesis of a highly-conjugated acene material and its application in Perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jia Zhiyu , Jiu Tonggang , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang
Published: August 2017

Kita-type coupling and Scholl-type oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to afford acene from binaphthalene and mesitylene is as an effective alternative to the reported approaches.
Copper-catalyzed radical 1,2-cyclization of indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides: access to 2-thiolated 3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Sun Song , Xia Minfang , Gu Ning , Cheng Jiang
Published: July 2017

A copper-catalyzed cascade radical 1,2-cyclization of indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides was developed, affording a series of 2-thiolated 3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in moderate to excellent yields.
New sorbents based on poly(methacrylic acid-TRIM) and poly(vinylimidazole-TRIM) for simultaneous preconcentration of herbicides in water samples with posterior determination by HPLC-DAD
Authors: Teixeira Tarley César Ricardo , Segatelli Mariana Gava , Casarin Juliana , Justo da Fonseca Raquel
Published: August 2017

In the present study, poly(methacrylic acid-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) (PMA-TRIM) and poly(vinylimidazole-TRIM) (PV-TRIM) have been used for simultaneous extraction of tebuthiuron, hexazinone, diuron, and ametryn with posterior determination by HPLC-DAD.
First principles DFT study of interstitial hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the MAX phase Ti2AlN
Authors: Colonna Francesco , Elsässer Christian
Published: August 2017

We model hydrogen and oxygen absorption and diffusion in Ti2AlN via ab initio simulations to assess its corrosion protection potential.
Preparation of an ion imprinted functionalized mesoporous silica for rapid and specific absorption Cr(iii) ions in effluents
Authors: Cen Shuibin , Li Weiming , He Rong , Tan Jiean , Wang Haishui , Wei Chaohai , Tang Youwen
Published: August 2017

We developed an effective and selective method to remove Cr(iii) ions in acidic effluents.
Enhancing the performance and stability of organic solar cells using solution processed MoO3 as hole transport layer
Authors: Cheng Fei , Wu Yiheng , Shen Yongcai , Cai Xueyuan , Li Lingli
Published: August 2017

Efficient and stable poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) with solution processed MoO3 (s-MoO3) as hole transport layer were fabricated.
Copper-catalyzed one-pot reactions of acetyl chloride, o-halobenzoic acids and Wittig reagents toward 3-methyl isocoumarin synthesis
Authors: Chen Xuwen , Liu Yunyun
Published: August 2017

The synthesis of 3-methtyl isocoumarins is achievedviathe copper-catalyzed one-pot reactions of Wittig reagents, acetyl chloride ando-iodobenzoic acidsviatandem construction of CC, C–O and C–C bonds.
Core@shell Fe3O4@Mn2+-doped NaYF4:Yb/Tm nanoparticles for triple-modality T1/T2-weighted MRI and NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescence imaging agents
Authors: Luo Yang , Du Sinan , Zhang Wei , Liao Zhengfang , Zuo Fang , Yang Shengtao
Published: August 2017

Core@shell structures of Fe3O4@Mn2+-doped NaYF4:Yb/Tm nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and then used for in vivo NIR to NIR (980 nm to 800 nm) imaging, and as dual-mode T1/T2-weighted MRI because of the co-existence of Fe3O4 and Mn2+ in the NPs.
Design protocol of microjet mixers for achieving desirable mixing times with arbitrary flow rate ratios
Authors: Asano S. , Yamada S. , Maki T. , Muranaka Y. , Mae K.
Published: August 2017

We extensively examined the performance of microjet mixers.
Effect of mixing bio-oil aqueous phase model compounds on hydrogen production in non-catalytic supercritical reforming
Authors: Gutiérrez Ortiz F. J. , Campanario F. J. , Ollero P.
Published: August 2017

The effect of mixing model compounds on the hydrogen yield under supercritical conditions is studied by proposed potential pathways.
Molecular dynamics-based strength estimates of beta solenoid proteins
Authors: Parker Amanda , Ravikumar Krishnakumar , Cox Daniel
Published: July 2017

The strength of beta-solenoid proteins makes them promising candidates for bottom-up engineering applications.
Phase transitions in bismuth-modified silver niobate ceramics for high power energy storage
Authors: Tian Ye , Jin Li , Zhang Hangfeng , Xu Zhuo , Wei Xiaoyong , Viola Giuseppe , Abrahams Isaac , Yan Haixue
Published: July 2017

Ceramics of composition Ag1−3xBixNbO3 (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.040) were prepared by solid state methods and their structure and electrical behavior were characterized with a view to their potential use as high power energy storage materials.
Template-free precursor-surface-etching route to porous, thin g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhancing photocatalytic reduction and oxidation activity
Authors: Huang Hongwei , Xiao Ke , Tian Na , Dong Fan , Zhang Tierui , Du Xin , Zhang Yihe
Published: July 2017

Precursor hydrothermal pre-treatment protocol was used to yield porous and thin g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution and NO removal.
A multi-functional gum arabic binder for NiFe2O4 nanotube anodes enabling excellent Li/Na-ion storage performance
Authors: Zhou Kaiqiang , Kang Meiling , He Xiaoqing , Hong Zhensheng , Huang Zhigao , Wei Mingdeng
Published: July 2017

Gum arabic (GA) was used as a multi-functional binder for the fabrication of a NiFe2O4 nanotube electrode enabling predominant application in LIBs and NIBs due to its better mechanical properties, remarkably stable SEI layer and improved surface electrical properties.
Controlled dual delivery of low doses of BMP-2 and VEGF in a silk fibroin–nanohydroxyapatite scaffold for vascularized bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Yanxia , Li Bin , Chen Liang
Published: July 2017

Controlled dual release of low doses of BMP-2 and VEGF resulted in a synergistic effect on vascularized bone regeneration.
Rewritable ternary data storage devices based on polymethacrylate containing pendent azobenzene–naphthalene with the combined effects of conformation change and charge traps
Authors: Li Zhuang , Wang Ming , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei
Published: August 2017

We formed an ITO/polymer/Al device showing different memory characteristics with various alkyl lengths in the side-chains of the polymers.
Synthesis and properties of a high dielectric constant copolymer of a copper phthalocyanine oligomer grafted to amino-capped polyimide
Authors: Chen Linlin , Ding Yichun , Yang Ting , Wan Changfeng , Hou Haoqing
Published: August 2017

A novel high dielectric constant all-organic polymer film of a copper phthalocyanine oligomer grafted to polyimide (CuPc–PI) was successfully synthesized via a polycondensation between a copper phthalocyanine anhydride oligomer and amino-capped polyamic acid, followed by thermal treatment.
Reading Longer Words: Insights Into Multisyllabic Word Reading
Authors: Heggie Lindsay , Wade-Woolley Lesly
Published: August 2017

Students with persistent reading difficulties are often especially challenged by multisyllabic words; they tend to have neither a systematic approach for reading these words nor the confidence to persevere (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Carlisle & Katz, 2006; Moats, 1998). This challenge is magnified by the fact that the vast majority of English words are multisyllabic and constitute an increasingly large proportion of the words in elementary school texts beginning as early as grade 3 (Hiebert, Martin, & Menon, 2005; Kerns et al., 2016). Multisyllabic words are more difficult to read simply because they are long, posing challenges for working memory capacity. In addition, syllable boundaries, word stress, vowel pronunciation ambiguities, less predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondences, and morphological complexity all contribute to long words' difficulty. Research suggests that explicit instruction in both syllabification and morphological knowledge improve poor readers' multisyllabic word reading accuracy; several examples of instructional programs involving one or both of these elements are provided.
Improved Synthesis of Symmetrical 2,5-Diarylimidazoles by One-Pot Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Tailored on the Electronic Features of the Aryl Halide
Authors: Lessi Marco , Panzetta Gianmarco , Marianetti Giulia , Bellina Fabio
Published: July 2017

Two methods for the one-pot synthesis of 2,5-diarylimidazoles by palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of 1-substituted imidazoles with aryl bromides have been devised. The first method, promoted by copper(I) iodide, is best suited for electron-poor aryl bromides, and also allows the 2,5-diarylation of thiazole and oxazole. The use of xylene instead of DMA is the key for the efficiency of the second method, which gives the best results with electron-rich aryl bromides.
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children
Authors: Armangue Thaís
Published: August 2017

The recent demonstration of pathogenic immune mechanisms and autoantibodies in some patients with acute encephalopathy has raised interest in the identification of autoimmunity as a treatable cause of encephalitis. Especially in children, autoimmune encephalitis can be triggered by a preceding viral infection (e.g., anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis post-herpes simplex encephalitis) or by some acquired or genetic disorders that predispose to brain autoimmunity (e.g., hematopoietic cell transplant, CLTA4 deficiency). This review discusses recent advances in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis, including new insights into immune mechanisms and biomarkers in disorders proven or suspected to be autoimmune.
Effects of a Low-Calorie, Low-Carbohydrate Soy Containing Diet on Systemic Inflammation Among Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kani Ali , Alavian Seyed , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Adibi Peyman , Haghighatdoost Fahimeh , Azadbakht Leila
Published: July 2017

Few studies have focused on the effects of a soy containing diet on inflammation and serum leptin level among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of such a diet in patients with NAFLD. Forty-five patients with NAFLD participated in this parallel randomized clinical trial for 8 weeks. Patients were randomly allocated to these 3 groups: 1) a low-calorie diet, 2) low-calorie low-carbohydrate diet, and 3) low-calorie low-carbohydrate soy containing diet. Low-calorie low-carbohydrate soy containing diet reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) and serum insulin level significantly compared to other 2 groups (−11.6±2.8 vs. −6.3±1.7 and −3.1±1.0 mg/dl for FBS; and −5.1±1.2  vs. −1.2±0.3 and −1.7±0.5 mg/dl for serum insulin level). Serum hs-CRP level was also reduced significantly following low-calorie low-carbohydrate soy containing diet (−0.8±0.1 vs. −0.1±0.06 and −0.1±0.06 mg/dl). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced significantly. Changes in leptin level tended to be different among 3 groups. After trial, 5 patients in each intervention group did not have NAFLD. From 6 patients in grade 2 at the beginning only 1 patient remained and others moved to grade 1. Low-calorie low-carbohydrate soy containing diet could reduce glycemic indices, hs CRP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a significant level in patients with NAFLD. However, these effects were dependent on baseline weight and further studies are needed to clarify the effect of such interventions in subjects with different BMI categories.
ANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitiden – Update 2017
Authors: de Groot Kirsten
Published: August 2017

Was ist neu?

Stratifizierung ANCA-assoziierter Vaskulitiden (AAV) Da genetische Polymorphismen bei AAV stärker mit dem ANCA-Typ (Proteinase 3 [PR3], Myeloperoxidase [MPO]) als mit dem Krankheitsphänotyp (Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis [GPA] vs. Mikroskopische Polyangiitis [MPA)) assoziiert sind, tritt die phänotypische Unterscheidung zwischen GPA und MPA in den Hintergrund. PR3- und MPO-ANCA sind außerdem prädiktiv für therapeutisches Ansprechen und Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit.

ANCA-Immunfluoreszenztest (ANCA-IFT) Der ANCA-IFT ist zur Diagnostik von AAV zugunsten eines Festphasenimmunoassays auf die ANCA Zielantigene Proteinase 3 und Myeloperoxidase entbehrlich.

Pathogenese Bestimmte Untergruppen neutrophiler Granulozyten verstärken und unterhalten die Immunreaktion bei AAV, indem sie extrazelluläre Chromatinnetze bilden (NETs), auf denen sie PR3 und MPO präsentieren.

Management von AAV Es gibt eine aktuelle Leitlinie der europäischen rheumatologischen und nephrologischen Fachgesellschaften zum Management von Patienten mit AAV. Ein oraler Komplement-5a-Rezeptor-Inhibitor hat sich in einer Proof of Concept-Studie bei AAV als wirksam erwiesen. IL-5-Antikörper sind für die hypereosinophilen Syndrome zugelassen und damit ein neues Therapieprinzip für die refraktäre eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA).

Biomarker Es sind Biomarker zur Ergänzung der bislang klinischen Einschätzung von Remission, Rezidiv und therapeutischem Ansprechen in der Entwicklung, wovon der lösliche CD163-Marker im Urin eine große Trennschärfe aufweist und Marktreife erlangen dürfte.
Primäre und sekundäre arterielle Hypertonie – Update 2017
Authors: Sanner Bernd , Hausberg Martin
Published: August 2017

Was ist neu?

Bedeutung und Epidemiologie der Hypertonie Die arterielle Hypertonie bleibt trotz aller Aufklärungsarbeit und Therapiemöglichkeiten der wichtigste Risikofaktor für eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit, für ischämische apoplektische Insulte und zerebrale Blutungen.

Obstruktive Schlafapnoe und Hypertonie Eine Störung der Atmung im REM-Schlaf hat stärkeren Einfluss auf Pathomechanismen und die Entwicklung einer arteriellen Hypertonie am Tage als obstruktive Apnoen im Non-REM-Schlaf. Möglicherweise profitieren Schlafapnoe-Patienten mit einer therapierefraktären Hypertonie von einer renalen Denervation.

Zielblutdruck Eine erneute kritische Analyse der SPRINT-Studie lässt v. a. wegen Besonderheiten der Blutdruckmesstechnik keine allgemeinen Empfehlungen zu niedrigeren Zielblutdruckwerten zu als in den europäischen Leitlinien angegeben. Auch die HOPE-3-Studie belegt weder niedrigere Zielblutdruckwerte noch einen Nutzen einer Polypill bei Patienten mit moderatem kardiovaskulärem Risiko.

Interventionelle Hochdrucktherapie Es gibt weiterhin keine Daten aus randomisierten doppelblinden Studien einschl. Schein-Intervention, die einen Zusatznutzen der renalen Denervierung belegen. Was die Barorezeptorstimulation anbetrifft, so gibt es einige interessante neue Daten bei Patienten mit therapierefraktärer Hypertonie, allerdings ebenfalls keine neuen randomisierten doppelblinden Studien mit SHAM-Intervention.
Impact of Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitor FAD286 on Steroid Hormone Profile in Human Adrenocortical Cells
Authors: Brunssen Coy , Hofmann Anja , Peitzsch Mirko , Frenzel Annika , Ziegler Christian , Brown Nicholas , Weldon Steven , Eisenhofer Graeme , Willenberg Holger , Bornstein Stefan , Morawietz Henning
Published: July 2017

Inhibition of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is an alternative treatment option to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism to prevent harmful aldosterone effects. FAD286 is the best characterized aldosterone synthase inhibitor. However, to date, no study has used sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to characterize in detail the effect of FAD286 on the secreted steroid hormone profile of adrenocortical cells. Basal aldosterone production in NCI-H295R cells was detectable and 9-fold elevated after stimulation with angiotensin II. FAD286 inhibited this increase, showing a maximal effect at 10 nmol/l. Higher concentrations of FAD286 did not further reduce aldosterone concentrations, but showed a parallel reduction in corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone levels, reflecting additional inhibition of steroid-11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1). Pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-OH-progesterone levels remained unaffected. In conclusion, the aldosterone synthase inhibitor FAD286 lowers angiotensin II-induced aldosterone concentrations in adrenocortical cells but the relative lack of selectivity over CYP11B1 is evident at higher FAD286 concentrations.
Subsequent Injuries and Early Recurrent Diagnoses in elite Rugby Union Players
Authors: Williams Sean , Trewartha Grant , Kemp Simon , Cross Matthew , Brooks John , Fuller Colin , Taylor Aileen , Stokes Keith
Published: July 2017

An eight-season (2005/06–2012/13) prospective cohort design was used to record time-loss injuries in 15 English Premiership teams. Data pertaining to a total of 1 556 players and 9 597 injuries (8 180 subsequent) were included in the analysis. Injuries subsequent to an index injury were classified as (1) New: different site; (2) Local: same site (and different type); or (3) Recurrent: same site and type. The severity of subsequent injuries (days missed) was compared with their related index injury. The proportions of early (<2 months), late (2–12 months) and delayed (>12 months) subsequent injuries were compared across injury classifications and diagnosis groupings. The majority of subsequent injuries (70%) were classified as new injuries, with 14% local and 16% recurrent. A large proportion of recurrent subsequent injuries (42%) occurred within two months of return-to-play. Subsequent injuries were not more severe than their corresponding index injury (effect sizes <0.20). Specific local and recurrent subsequent injury diagnoses with the highest risk of occurring within two months of return-to-play were: ‘neck muscle strain’, ‘ankle joint capsule sprain’, and ‘cervical nerve root’ injuries. These findings may be used to drive targeted secondary prevention efforts, such as reconsideration of return-to-play protocols for neck muscle strain injuries.
Irisin and Testosterone in Men with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kamenov Zdravko , Assyov Yavor , Angelova Petya , Gateva Antoaneta , Tsakova Adelina
Published: July 2017

The beneficial effects of testosterone on the metabolism and body composition of men are well established but the exact mechanisms of these effects are not clearly understood. A potential explanation might lie in the hormones, secreted from skeletal muscles, named “myokines”. One such myokine, irisin, has been shown to also have potential beneficial metabolic effects. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the association of serum testosterone with circulating serum irisin levels in men with metabolic syndrome. A total 128 men with metabolic syndrome (MS) based on the IDF criteria participated in the study. Irisin serum concentration was determined by means of ELISA. Mean age±SD of the study participants was 51.8±8.3 years. Seventy percent of the subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulating irisin was inversely associated with serum testosterone (r=−0.279, p<0.01) and was significantly higher in subjects with hypogonadism – mean±SD 252.0±147.1 vs.172.9±92.2 ng/ml (p=0.002). ROC analysis of serum irisin value was determined for distinguishing subjects with hypogonadism (AUC=0.670). In a multiple linear regression model with BMI, FPG, age, and irisin, only BMI (β=−0.228, p=0.004) and irisin (β=−0.170, p=0.045) were variables independently associated with testosterone concentrations. Irisin is negatively associated with serum testosterone in our population sample of men with MS. This might suggest a possible involvement of myokines and testosterone with regards to the human metabolism. As no such data on this association has been reported in the literature thus far, further prospective studies are required to elucidate this correlation.
3.6.16 Gold-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Qian D. , Zhang J.
Published: August 2017

Since about 2000, a “gold rush” has resulted in the development of numerous gold-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions. Such cycloadditions have now become a powerful and privileged method for the construction of carbo- and heterocycles, in particular those complex polycyclic structures featured in diverse natural products. This chapter is organized according to the key reactive gold intermediate that formally participates in the cycloaddition.
4.4.47 Product Subclass 47: Silanols
Authors: Hardman-Baldwin A. M. , Mattson A. E.
Published: August 2017

This chapter covers synthetic approaches toward and selected applications of organosilanols. The focus is on the literature published in the period 2000–2015.
34.1.4.1 Synthesis of Fluoroalkanes by Substitution of a Halogen
Authors: Lequeux T. P.
Published: August 2017

This chapter is a revision of the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of fluoroalkanes by substitution of a halogen atom. It includes additional methods published up until 2016. Newer approaches involve the use of fluoride complex reagents and the use of solvent effects to avoid competitive elimination reactions.
34.7.4 Allylic Fluorides (Update 2017)
Authors: Pitts C. R. , Lectka T.
Published: August 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 34.7) regarding the synthesis of allylic monofluorides. Herein, literature from 2005–2015 is discussed. Advancements during this time period include the employment of milder fluorinating reagents, methods that favor alkene migration or retention, tactics for catalytic and asymmetric reactions, and the introduction of a creative array of functional-group interconversions.
40.1.6.2 Azetidines (Update 2017)
Authors: Couty F.
Published: August 2017

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 40.1.6) describing methods for the synthesis of azetidines. This review focuses on contributions in this field published between 2008 and 2015 (with some exceptions of papers published as early as 2006, which were not covered in the earlier review). This period has witnessed an impressive breakthrough of pharmaceutical agents bearing an azetidine ring in medicinal chemistry and the first examples of organocatalyzed enantioselective syntheses of nonracemic azetidines.