bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To experimental study of performance evaluation of masonry brick bond in shear and compression in comparison
Authors: Abbas Nadeem , Yousaf Muhammad , Akbar Muhammad , Huali Pan , Usman Yousaf M. , Guoqiang Ou
Published: October 2022

The construction of a structure is prohibitively expensive due to high material and labour expenses. Still, the production of cement, which is the most widely used binding substance in construction, results in the emission of a large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. It has only recently been discovered that Pakistan is short of approximately 9 million residential constructions. Thus, there is a great need for cost-effective and energy-efficient masonry construction because of economic and environmental concerns. Rat-trap masonry bond creates a cavity in the wall, which serves as both thermal insulation and a cost-saving measure. Because of the inherent property of rat-trap masonry bond, a cavity is formed in the wall, which not only serves as thermal insulation for the interior but is also cost-effective It has been observed that approximately 26.11 % of the total construction cost, comprising of labor and material, can be curtailed by adopting the rat-trap bonding technique. Rat-trap bond construction is recognized as a greener and more sustainable alternative to conventional brick bonds. A comparative study of the structural behavior of the rat-trap and conventionally used English bond has been conducted. 72 prisms of rat-trap bond and English bond from three sources of bricks were tested under compression load at the ages of 28 and 56 days. The same number of prisms were tested under diagonal tension load at both ages. 18 triplet prisms from all sources of bricks were tested for shear bond strength without lateral load, whereas 5 triplet prisms from every brick source were tested with a set of lateral pre-compression loading of 29 psi, 87 psi, and 145 psi. The results show that the rat-trap bond has much higher compressive and shear strengths than the English bond.
Determination of damage properties of polyethylene pipes under high impact load
Authors: Jiang Nan , Jia Yongsheng , Yao Yingkang , Sun Jinshan , Cai Zhongwei , Zhang Yuqi , Wu Tingyao
Published: October 2022

An experimental protocol was developed to predict the service period of polyethylene pipes under high loads. This paper presents the results of field test of chimney demolition loading to polyethylene pipeline, and compared with the numerical simulation. Combined with the practical engineering situation, the ground impact load first propagates to the explosion-facing side of the pipeline, and the effect was found to decrease as the applied stress decreased, however, under high impact load, ring strain tends to be greater than axial strain. The test data such as vibration velocity and frequency are processed to determine the damage characteristics needed to protect the pipeline from damage. Finally, the safety assessment of pipeline under impact load was determined by yield criterion.
Identifying the key attributes of fresh water crisis in Dhaka city: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Sourav Md. Mohaimenul Islam , Islam Md Nafizul , Abeer Asif Ahmed
Published: October 2022

This paper aims to analyze how user behavior and climate change influence the freshwater demand in metropolitan areas. In total, 406 observations were obtained from different respondents in Dhaka city via an online survey. Our research demonstrates that the data are reliable and acceptable for factor analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is adopted to show the relationships between the parameters. The model fit parameters (CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, and so on) are used to choose the best structural equation (SE) model. Additionally, responses are analyzed by the relative importance index (RII) method and compared with the SEM results. This study shows that personal water waste and natural crises substantially impact the freshwater crisis. Excessive use of water during showering, washing clothing and dishes, washing vegetables, and pool refilling are the most common ways to wastewater. Furthermore, the ground layer in Dhaka city is gradually reducing due to the natural crisis, but the WASA pump's capacity is insufficient to pump up this water. This research aids policymakers in identifying the key attributes that are contributing to the urban freshwater crisis.
Uniqueness of Nanomaterials and Associated Science
Authors: Banerjee Diptonil , Sharma Amit Kumar , Das Nirmalya Sankar
Published: October 2022

This chapter deals with the concept of nanomaterials, especially basic quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. It is now a well-established fact that the dynamics of materials in nano-regime cannot be described by simple Newtonian mechanics, and, therefore, one should opt for quantum mechanics. Thus, the focus of this chapter will be on basic quantum mechanics and solid-state physics in order to gain an understanding of the system's transport properties. A few characteristic phenomena of nanomaterials like the density of state, quantum confinement, excitonic radius, etc., will also be discussed in detail. To acquaint the reader with the Fermi energy and related properties, efforts will be made to provide a fundamental concept of statistical physics, specifically the Fermi-Dirac statistics. The authors have focused their efforts exclusively on dealing with different length scales, namely Ballistic transport and the associated Landauer-Buttiker formula of quantum transport in nanomaterials. Also, the relationship between exciton radius and quantum confinement and optical properties of nanomaterial has also been explained in detail. The concept of tunnelling, which is the foundation of quantum transport, has been explained, and an effort has been made to acquaint the reader with quantum conductance and Coulomb blockade.
Eenheid in verandering: neoclassicistische aanpassingen in het Vlaamse jezuïetentoneel van de achttiende eeuw
Authors: Baetens Caroline
Published: October 2022

This article discusses poetical evolutions in Jesuit theater in Flanders through a comparison between plays of the seventeenth and eighteenth century. While most research in the field of Jesuit theater focusses on the first centuries of the order, disregarding the eighteenth century because of its decreased social relevance, this article surveys significant changes in the eighteenth-century plays. Although the continuities of baroque spectacle in the different phases of the order have been accepted, Tjoelker (2016) shows the French classical influence on poetical texts of Jesuits in German regions. The comparison in this article shows that similar poetical changes can be seen on stage in the Jesuit colleges in Flanders.
Metabolic syndrome and possible treatments (consecutive therapies): a literature review
Authors: Sorout Jitender , Kacker Sudhanshu , Saboo Neha
Published: October 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by a cluster of risk factors including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Metabolic syndrome is also defined as having at least three metabolic risk factors— increased blood pressure, high blood sugar level, excess body fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels— and greatly increases the chance of future cardiovascular problems. The last 50 years have seen a dramatic increase in metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, with the number of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes worldwide expected to surpass 360 million by 2030. Early diagnosis is important in order to employ effectively lifestyle and risk factor modification. Pharmaceutical therapy in MS is aimed at treating the individual components of MS such as antihypertensives, statins, and metformin. Some natural compounds, Yoga and dietary elements. Therefore in this article various therapies (possible treatments) were reviewed. The world is in emergent need for searching of treatments for metabolic syndrome. The MS is a constellation of common metabolic disorders that is associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia play central roles in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. In this modern world, metabolic syndrome is reaching epidemic proportions. With only a handful of people following the healthy diet and lifestyle, majority still fall in the bracket of those with compromised diet and lifestyle, burdening the health services. Socio economic changes and eventually globalization has led to transformation in the society. This has led to alterations in the dietary habits eventually resulting in nutrition transition. Pharmacological treatment is only based on only diagnosis and symptoms. Recently approved anti-obesity drugs can be prescribed to reduce body weight, particularly abdominal visceral fat. A first line intervention targeting MS involves dietary and lifestyle modification with regular physical activity over a period of time. However, improvement in MS parameters can only be maintained when these modifications can be sustained. Therefore, dietary and lifestyle modification in continuum is required to overcome MS holistically. The main and foremost treatment for metabolic syndrome is to eliminate the causative risk factors of it.
Перспективи використання пробіотиків якмодуляторів кишкової мікробіоти при ожирінні (оглядлітератури)
Authors: Miloslavsky D.K. , Koval S.M.
Published: October 2022

В огляді закордонних джерел літератури з наукометричної бази Pubmed розглядається питання щодо перспектив використання та ефективності пробіотиків як модуляторів кишкової мікробіоти при ожирінні. Авторами наводяться дані щодо патогенетичної ролі кишкової мікробіоти та її похідних, перш за все коротколанцюгових жирних кислот при метаболічно асоційованих захворюваннях, таких як ожиріння. Наводиться історична довідка, класифікація цієї групи біологічно активних препаратів, перелік керівництв з їх застосування, провідні механізми дії пробіотиків, насамперед за умов ожиріння, їх сприятливий вплив на антропометричні показники, параметри ліпідно-вуглеводного гомеостазу, провідні біомаркери, які асоціюються із захворюванням. Наводяться дані щодо перспектив призначення пробіотиків особам з морбідним ожирінням після баріатричної хірургії, акцентується увага на харчових продуктах з пробіотичними властивостями, розглядається питання щодо подальших досліджень та безпеки використання препаратів пробіотичної серії з урахуванням низки вимог до ефективного їх призначення. Пробіотичні препарати можуть мати сприятливий ефект як комплементарна терапія для боротьби з ожирінням при тривалому використанні у високих дозах. У низці експериментальних та клінічних досліджень повідомлялось про зниження маси тіла, рівнів глюкози, ліпідів та інших біомаркерів при прийомі пробіотиків. Короткочасне (≤12 тижнів) вживання пробіотиків сприяло зменшенню індексу маси тіла і процентного вмісту жиру в організмі, але вираженість зазначених ефектів була невеликою. Модулювання стану кишкової мікробіоти з використанням мультистрейнових поліштамних пробіотиків може стати цінним інструментом на додаток до традиційних ліпідознижуючих та анорексигенних засобів. В умовах зростаючого інтересу до методів мікробіологічної терапії, активного застосування препаратів цієї групи, насиченості ринку пробіотиків особливого значення набуває питання безпеки пробіотичних штамів.
Evaluierung klimaaktiv 2013-2020. Die österreichische Klimaschutzinitiative des Bundesministeriums für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie
Authors:   Wuppertal Institut, Koska Thorsten , Kaufmann Joachim , Merkelbach Julia , Nanning Sabine , Ruhland Sascha ,   KMU Forschung Austria, Wagner Oliver , Suerkemper Felix , Venjakob Maike
Published: October 2022

Die Klimaschutzinitiative klimaaktiv hat in der vergangenen Programmperiode 2013 bis 2020 erfolgreich zur Unterstützung, Beratung, Kommunikation und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz, insbesondere zur Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen, zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz sowie zur Erhöhung des Anteils erneuerbarer Energieträger und zur Förderung der klimafreundlichen und aktiven Mobilität in Österreich beigetragen. Mit einheitlicher Organisation und effizienter Koordination verfügt die Initiative über ein leistungsfähiges Dachmanagement, das Impulse zur laufenden Weiterentwicklung der Initiative liefert. Um die Transformation zu einer klimaneutralen Gesellschaft zu begleiten, sollte klimaaktiv in der kommenden Programmperiode ambitioniert weiterentwickelt werden. Noch stärker als bisher sollte das Programm koordiniertes Handeln ermöglichen, Netzwerke stärken und passgenaue Werkzeuge in Abstimmung mit anderen Politikinstrumenten entwickeln. Um Zielgruppen noch besser zu erreichen, sollte klimaaktiv starke, programmübergreifende Kernbotschaften formulieren und kommunizieren. Die Qualitätsstandards von klimaaktiv sollten in zukünftige ordnungspolitische Vorgaben integriert werden und zugleich ambitioniertere freiwillige Standards entwickelt werden. Mit neuen und erweiterten Instrumenten könnte die Effektivität der Initiative steigen, etwa durch Bonus-Systeme in Form von Förderungen oder niedrigschwellig erreichbare Online-Schulungen. Die Anzahl der Angebote wie Beratungen, Ausbildungen und Zertifizierungen sollte erhöht werden, um flächendeckende Wirksamkeit zu erlangen. Durch die Integration neuer Themen und Handlungsfelder sowie der Vertiefung bestehender Maßnahmen kann klimaaktiv ebenfalls dazu beitragen, seine Effekte zu vergrößern. Hierzu gehören etwa Photovoltaik und Speicher, IKT, Integrierte Mobilitätssysteme, Kreislaufwirtschaft, Klimawandelanpassung und andere Themenfelder. Die Förderungen und zielgruppenorientierten Beratungsangebote im Rahmen von klimaaktiv mobil sollen ausgebaut und weiterentwickelt werden, um die Verkehrswende hin zu klimafreundlicher Mobilität zu beschleunigen. Die Implikationen der Corona-Pandemie sollten bei der Weiterentwicklung integral einbezogen werden. Hierbei sind besonders die Aspekte Digitalisierung, Lokalität und Resilienz von Bedeutung. Bestehende Partnerschaften sollten gestärkt und neue Partnerschaften geschlossen werden, um das Netzwerk um starke Multiplikator*innen zu ergänzen und die Koordination im Mehrebenensystem weiter zu verbessern.
Repensando el indigenismo mexicano: el Centro Coordinador del Instituto Nacional Indigenista en los Altos de Chiapas y el destino de un proyecto utópico
Authors: Stephen E. Lewis
Published: October 2022

Ha llegado el momento de reflexionar sobre el indigenismo mexicano. El Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI) estuvo en la vanguardia del indigenismo hemisférico desde 1951 -fecha en la que el piloto Centro Coordinador Indigenista Tzeltal- Tzotzil abrió sus puertas- hasta mediados de la década de 1970, gracias a los innovadores programas de desarrollo lanzados y afinados en los Altos de Chiapas. Con base en una rica documentación histórica, este libro relata cómo los indigenistas y sus planes utópicos se enfrentaron no solo a explotadores locales sino también a una creciente indiferencia del gobierno federal. El autor explora un proyecto indigenista que inicialmente contempló importantes reformas estructurales terminó en la penuria, administrando tímidos y muy criticados programas de asimilación cultural. Puede haber algo de verdad en la observación de Fernando Benítez de que el INI se convirtió en «el chivo expiatorio sobre el cual tratamos de descargar el remordimiento que nos produce una situación de injusticia, una llaga abierta desde los tiempos de la conquista».
Minucias. Maneras de decir cómo se vive la frontera
Authors:   CIMSUR - UNAM, Gutiérrez Alfonzo Carlos
Published: October 2022

En este libro, hecho por medio de estampas, con palabras oídas, con observaciones y con datos obtenidos mediante trabajo hemerográfico y bibliográfico de una región compleja, se exponen maneras de decir cómo se vive la frontera. Por medio del cariz metodológico con el que se guía, mezcla de aprendizaje antropológico e intuición, se busca pensar realidades, a partir del reconocimiento de lo que las acerca en un tiempo y un espacio: la frontera, definida por los Estados involucrados en precisar sus límites territoriales.
Estudio poblacional del Acocil Cambarellus Montezumae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae) en Xochimilco, México
Authors: ÁLVAREZ FERNANDO , RANGEL REBECA
Published: October 2022

SE PRESENTA UN ESTUDIO POBLACIONAL DEL ACOCIL CAMBARELLUS MONTEZUMAE EN XOCHIMILCO, MÉXICO, BASADO EN EL ANÁLISIS DE 12 MUESTREOS, DE OCTUBRE DE 2001 A MAYO DE 2002, EN LOS QUE SE COLECTARON 668 ORGANISMOS. EL INTERVALO DE TALLAS REGISTRADO FUE DE 2.1 A 41.5 MM DE LONGITUD TOTAL. LOS MACHOS, QUE TUVIERON TALLAS MENORES QUE LAS HEMBRAS, SE DISTINGUIERON ENTRE JUVENILES, FORMA I Y FORMA II. LA PRESENCIA CONSTANTE DE MACHOS FORMA I Y DE HEMBRAS OVÍGERAS, ASÍ COMO LA PRESENCIA DE TALLAS PEQUEÑAS EN LA MAYORÍA DE LOS MUESTREOS, SUGIEREN QUE EXISTE UNA REPRODUCCIÓN CONTINUA A LO LARGO DEL PERIODO ESTUDIADO. LAS ESTIMACIONES DE CRECIMIENTO, BASADAS EN UN ANÁLISIS DE PROGRESIÓN MODAL DE LOS DATOS DE FRECUENCIAS DE TALLAS, RESULTARON EN UNA TASA DIARIA PROMEDIO DE 0.084 MM, O UNA TASA PROMEDIO MENSUAL DE 2.535 MM. LAS TALLAS DE LA PRIMERA REPRODUCCIÓN FUERON 24 MM DE LONGITUD TOTAL PARA HEMBRAS Y 21 MM PARA MACHOS, QUE SE ALCANZARÍAN ENTRE 248 Y 284 DÍAS DE EDAD. LA ESTIMACIÓN DE MORTALIDAD, A TRAVÉS DEL CÁLCULO DE Z (TASA INSTANTÁNEA DE MORTALIDAD), INDICA QUE HAY UNA ALTA MORTALIDAD DURANTE LOS PRIMEROS 2 MESES DE VIDA Y QUE SÓLO EL 4% DE LA POBLACIÓN ALCANZA LAS TALLAS REPRODUCTIVAS. NO SE ENCONTRÓ NINGUNA RELACIÓN ENTRE NÚMERO DE C. MONTEZUMAE COLECTADOS CON TEMPERATURA, CONCENTRACIÓN DE OXÍGENO DISUELTO Y PH.
Intelligent or Smart Polymers: Advance in Novel Drug Delivery
Authors: Purohit Arpana , Jain Sameeksha , Nema Prakhar , Vishwakarma Harshna , Jain Prateek Kumar
Published: October 2022

Novel drug delivery system utilizing smart polymer to get significant and attracting changes in the targeting of drugs, increasing the bioavailability of drugs, enhancement patient compliance  and gene therapy. The scientific community tries to mimic nature in the way that living organisms adopt their behavior as a function of environmental conditions to improve survival. In this sense, smart polymers offer materials that respond to numerous stimuli (temperature, pH, electric and magnetic fields, light intensity, biological molecules, etc.), and scientists must devise the best way to apply them in all research areas. Smart polymers are representing promising means for targeted drug delivery, enhanced drug delivery, gene therapy, actuator stimuli and protein folders. Smart polymers are very promising applicants in drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture, gene carriers, textile engineering, oil recovery, radioactive wastage and protein purification. The study is focused on the entire features of smart polymers and their most recent and relevant applications.

Keywords: Smart polymer, Novel drug delivery system, Stimuli, Gene therapy
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Mallotus philippensis
Authors: Pal Netra , Mandal Suraj , Shiva Km , Kumar Bijender
Published: October 2022

The present study was aimed at Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological evaluation of the plant Mallotus Philippinensis family- Euphorbiaceae. Pharmacognostical investigation were carried out by performing organoleptic, microscopical and physicochemical evaluation i.e. ash values, extractive values, moisture content, swelling index, foaming index and foreign matter. The obtained results showed that the moisture content was found to be 1.74%. Similarly swelling index was recorded to be (0.8cm). Foaming index (less than 100). Phytochemical investigation included successive soxhlet extraction, the obtained extractive values were 4.9%, 5.45%, 9.77%, 8.75%, and 4.4% for petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and distilled water respectively. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils and fats. Pharmacological investigation included the Anthelmentic activity by using the Mallotus Philippinensis plant ethyl acetate extract. The 200 mg/kg dose to be found positively in Pharmacological responses.

Keywords: Mallotus Philippinensis, Anthelmentic activity, Phytochemical investigation, Pharmacological investigation, Pharmacognostical investigation
Intereses nacionales y diplomacia de defensa. Aportes para la formulación de la política exterior colombiana
Authors: Álvarez-Calderón Carlos Enrique , Villalba-García Luisa Fernanda , Fernández-Osorio Andres Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Este artículo explora los aportes de las Fuerzas Militares a la formulación de la política exterior en Colombia por medio de la diplomacia de defensa, argumentándose que es un elemento fundamental en las relaciones exteriores y que contribuye al entendimiento y mitigación de los factores de inestabilidad exógenos que afectan la consecución de los intereses nacionales. A través de una metodología de estudio de caso se analizan los componentes de la gran estrategia nacional, se examinan los antecedentes y proyecciones de la diplomacia de defensa como herramienta del decisor político. De igual forma, se analiza el concepto de intereses nacionales y su relación con el establecimiento de un derrotero de las decisiones estatales; y se exploran las posibilidades de empleo de la diplomacia de defensa en la búsqueda del bien común. Finalmente se concluye que la diplomacia de defensa es una herramienta necesaria para garantizar la supervivencia del Estado ante las complejidades que presupone un mundo cambiante e interconectado.
An Evaluation of the Concept of Food Chemistry, Nutrition and Health
Authors: Belyaeva Galina S. , Bidova Bela B. , Rudenko Evgeniya Yu. , Szpoper Dariusz , Fedorov Maxim V.
Published: October 2022

It's evident that diet affects our health. Sugar, Protein, fat, and nutrients in food supply components for biochemical cycles vital to cellular function. Food chemistry refers to studying the chemical processes and interactions of all biological and nonbiological ingredients of food. Hence, this current study mainly aims to investigate the issues regarding the formation of the concept of food chemistry, nutrition, and health through the prism of the international legal aspect. To meet that aim, many general scientific approaches and methods and scientific knowledge methods, including synthesis, formal-logical approaches, induction, deduction, analysis, and system-structural, and also private scientific measures – comparative legal, historical-legal, formal-legal, and interpretative are used. Based on the results, it is established that the conceptual foundations of national security (a variety of which includes food chemistry) need constant and close scientific understanding since it is impossible to create an effective state program to guarantee the security of individuals, society and the state in various spheres of their life without a solid doctrinal basis. The points of view of the scientists on the research issue presented in the paper allow identifying the main stages of the evolution of the concept of food chemistry and security at the international level in order to determine and characterize the initial stage of the evolution of this phenomenon – the formation stage of the corresponding concept. The periodization of the development of the notion of food chemistry and security offered in the article is on the basis of such measures as legal documents of a strategic and declarative nature that demonstrate the foundations of state policy in the field of ensuring food security and some generalized doctrinal ideas on the analyzed issues adopted in the scientific community in the relevant period.
Hallazgos electroencefalográficos compatibles con encefalopatía en pacientes ingresados por covid-19
Authors: Mancilla Edwin Ebrat , Vaquero Martínez Marta , Pérez de Vargas Martínez Alberto , Martínez Pérez Francisco , Gómez González Sandra , Sánchez Aparicio Alejandra , López Pájaro Luis Fernando
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN:
La covid-19 afecta principalmente al aparato respiratorio, sin embargo, también se ha descrito afectación tanto directa como indirecta en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, lo cual ocasiona una gran variedad de manifestaciones neurológicas, siendo la encefalopatía una de las más frecuentemente observadas.

OBJETIVO:
Se busca mostrar la utilidad del video-electroencefalograma (vEEG) en el diagnóstico de encefalopatía en pacientes ingresados por covid-19, así como su valor para determinar el pronóstico de estos pacientes.

MÉTODOS:
Estudio observacional retrospectivo con 76 vEEG de 41 pacientes con covid-19 confirmada. Los estudios se han realizado entre los meses de marzo del 2020 y junio del 2021. Se estudió la gravedad de la enfermedad, así como sus características clínicas y neurológicas, el tratamiento farmacológico y los hallazgos electroencefalográficos según el grado de disfunción de la encefalopatía que desarrollaron estos pacientes.

RESULTADOS:
De los 41 pacientes, 12 (29 %) presentaron signos electroencefalográficos de disfunción cerebral leve, 15 (37 %) disfunción cerebral moderada y 14 (34 %) disfunción cerebral severa, los cuales se asociaron con una mayor mortalidad.

CONCLUSIONES:
En los 76 vEEG realizados a los 41 pacientes ingresados con encefalopatías asociadas con infección por covid-19, no se observó un patrón distinto a los descritos en encefalopatías de otras etiologías. El vEEG fue útil para confirmar la sospecha clínica de una disfunción cerebral en pacientes con encefalopatías asociadas con infección por covid-19 y para asignarle un grado de severidad, confirmando su beneficio como biomarcador diagnóstico y pronóstico.
Tétanos generalizado: reporte de caso y análisis clínico para su diferenciación con otras entidades como las crisis epilépticas
Authors: Quilagüy Jiménez María Alejandra , Rodríguez Quintana Jesús Hernán , Gallo Eugenio Loren Marcela
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN:
El tétanos es una enfermedad que afecta el sistema nervioso. Su presentación clínica se caracteriza por espasmos musculares en respuesta a la liberación de la neurotoxina producida por la formación de esporas de la bacteria Clostridium tetani.

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO:
Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 70 años que luego de una caída presentó una herida en la región ocular. Al ingreso se evidenciaron signos de infección local y contracción involuntaria en los músculos maseteros, con imposibilidad de apertura oral. Posteriormente, presentó insuficiencia respiratoria, contracciones generalizadas y necesidad de traslado a unidad de cuidado intensivo. Debido a que entre los diagnósticos diferenciales se encontraba la presencia de crisis epilépticas motoras, se hicieron estudios complementarios para descartar esta posibilidad.

DISCUSIÓN:
El diagnóstico del tétanos es clínico, es importante sospecharlo en pacientes con antecedentes de lesión en piel e inmunización inadecuada. Por su amplia presentación clínica, puede llevar a confusión con otras patologías. Entre los diagnósticos diferenciales están las crisis epilépticas, sin embargo, el tétano no cumple con las características semiológicas, no compromete el estado de conciencia y no progresa a estado epiléptico, asociado con la normalidad de estudios complementarios como las neuroimágenes, el estudio de líquido cefalorraquídeo y el registro electroencefalográfico.

CONCLUSIÓN:
El tétanos es una enfermedad altamente prevenible y un reto diagnóstico para el profesional de la salud por su amplio debut de síntomas. Por ello, en el abordaje diagnóstico es importante reconocer los diagnósticos diferenciales, teniendo como base la historia clínica, lo que permite un diagnóstico temprano y oportuno.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF SURROGACY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Ростовский государственный экономический университет (РИНХ), Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Татьяна Александровна Мосиенко
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the actual problems of the practice of using the institution of surrogate motherhood in Russia and some foreign countries, including the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The author concludes that it is necessary to improve Russian legislation based on the positive experience of individual countries in the field of legal regulation of the use of new medical reproductive technologies such as surrogacy.
HUMAN IDENTIFICATION BASED ON BIOMETRIC DATA: A REVIEW OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Южный федеральный университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, Елена Юрьевна Фролова , Юлия Александровна Кошлыкова ,   Южный федеральный университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия
Published: October 2022

Biometric identification systems have now become quite widespread, since they use not specialized physical media for recognition, but signs or features of the person himself, which makes it possible to reliably identify a person for a given purpose. Biometric identification is the process of comparing and determining the similarity between a person's data and his biometric "template". Biometrics allows you to identify and verify a person based on a set of specific and unique traits inherent in him from birth. This article discusses certain types of biometric data to be identified, problems and prospects of their application.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL PRINCIPLES ON THE INSTITUTIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY IN KALMYK SOCIETY IN THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES
Authors:   Калмыцкий государственный университет им. Б. Б. Городовикова, Элиста, Республика Калмыкия, Россия, Евгений Александрович Команджаев
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of traditional civilizational features on the formation of institutions of public power in the Kalmyk society in the 19th – early 20th centuries. During this period, after the liquidation of the Kalmyk Khanate, the search for the most optimal model for managing Kalmyk society began, and Russian institutions of power began to penetrate more and more into Kalmykia. The purpose of the article is to study the institutions of public authority in the Kalmyk society on the basis of a civilizational and cultural approach. The main sources for us were the normative legal acts of the Russian Empire, dedicated to the management of the Kalmyks. As a result, we found that the influence of traditional principles on the institutions of public power in the Kalmyk society was strong during the existence of the Kalmyk Khanate. In the first half of the XIX century. the Russian government adopted the main regulations that fixed the system of governance of the Kalmyks. However, at the same time, some national institutions of power were preserved.
THE SECOND SOVIET CONSTITUTION OF THE CHIASSR OF 1978: HISTORY AND STAGES OF FORMATION
Authors:   Чеченский государственный педагогический университет, Грозный, Чеченская Республика, Россия, Ибрагим Дагаевич Хабаев
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the adoption of the second and last Soviet constitution of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of 1978. In Russian constitutionalism, following the Constitution of the USSR of 1977 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, it is recognized as the constitution of «developed socialism». The study, based on historical and legal facts, shows its role in the construction of the Soviet statehood of the Chechens and Ingush. The author emphasizes that the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, as a people's Basic Law, favored democratic reforms in the republic until the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Chechen-Ingush Republic in 1990, but failed to ensure the union of the peoples of Chechen-Ingushetia after the collapse of the USSR and became the cause of the political crisis in region.
Frankenstein o el Prometeo moderno
Authors: Shelley Mary W. , Ferrer Isidro , Talens Jenaro
Published: October 2022

Ennobled as a myth almost since its appearance in 1818, Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus was Mary W. Shelley's masterpiece, as well as one of the milestones of nineteenth century English literature. This novel, however, is today better known than read, more famous for its film adaptations and its presence in pop culture than for the literalness of the text, a sophisticated tour de force that moves between the philosophical and the gothic, between Enlightenment scientism and the recovery of myths that are embedded in the cultural subconscious. All of this produces a vision that is almost inexhaustible in its facets, a book to be read (and enjoyed) from very different points of view, depending on the focus under which it is placed. This translation made by Antonio Méndez Rubio, with Isidro Ferrer´s illustrations and Jenaro Talens´ preface, reinterprets, from its own title, a creature so familiar as little known.
La «tragedia» de Efeso (431): herejía y poder en la antigüedad tardía
Authors: Teja Ramón
Published: October 2022

Ensayo desarrollado utilizando como hilo conductor una narración histórica. Aunque la teología constituye un componente fundamental de la realidad social de la Antigüedad Tardía, no es protagonista de la obra, sino los hombres, en concreto los obispos, los monjes y el pueblo. Es una historia de violencia física y verbal, en la que las ideas (la teología) constituyen la excusa y la justificación de la lucha por el poder.
Towards all-inclusive community ecology via DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Taberlet Pierre
Published: October 2022

An exhaustive assessment of biodiversity is a major challenge of
ecological research, and molecular approaches such as the metabarcoding
of environmental DNA are boosting our ability to perform biodiversity
inventories. Are we actually able to assess the whole community, to
unravel the intricate interactions between organisms and the impacts of
global changes on the different trophic levels? The majority of
metabarcoding papers published in the last years used just one or two
markers and analyzed a limited number of taxonomic groups. Nevertheless,
approaches are emerging that might allow “all-taxa biological
inventories”. Exhaustive biodiversity assessments can be attempted by
combining a large number of specific primers, by exploiting the power of
universal primers, or by combining specific and universal primers to
obtain good information on key taxa while limiting the overlooked
biodiversity. Multiplexes of primers and shotgun sequencing may provide
a better coverage of biodiversity compared to standard metabarcoding,
but still require major methodological advances. We identify the
strengths and limitations of different approaches, and suggest new
development lines that might improve broad scale biodiversity analyses
in the near future.
Unicuspid aortic valves are no bicuspid aortic valves -- It's time to retire the Sievers-classification
Authors: Jahanyar Jama , Kerchove Laurent de , Tsai Peter I. , Said Sameh , Elkhoury Gebrine
Published: October 2022

A general misconception that unicuspid aortic valves (UAV) are just a
subtype of bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) has now been perpetuated in the
medical and surgical community for nearly two
decades[1](#ref-0001), and there is no end in sight.
​Zero-Load Voltage of a Novel Piston-Type Magnetohydrodynamic Ocean Power Generation Device
Authors: Li Yongguo , Tang Xuan , Li Xiangyan , Xu Caiyin
Published: October 2022

As a new type of energy structure, marine power generation has become
the main direction of future energy. Wave-energy magnetohydrodynamic
power generation technology is widely used in the development of marine
energy. To study the factors influencing the zero-load voltage of a
novel piston-type magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) ocean power generation
device, a three-dimensional flow model was developed for the power
generation device. Because a Hartmann layer existed in the rectangular
power generation channel, the internal structure of the power generation
channel was improved by changing the traditional rectangular power
generation channel to a piston-pipe channel. According to Faraday’s law
and the hydrodynamic theory, the MHD module in CFD software was used
conduct finite-element simulations of the generation device. The
influences of the inlet velocity, the velocity distribution, and the
current density on the zero-load voltage were investigated. The results
showed that for regular wave motion, the zero-load voltage was
positively proportional to the inlet velocity and the channel width.
After the channel was improved, the optimal zero-load voltage and the
minimum relative error were obtained when the inlet velocity was 3 m/s
and the channel width was 60 mm.
Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Perspective
Authors: Kim Jungsuk , Castillejos-Petalcorin Cynthia , Jinjarak Yothin , Park Donghyun , Quising Pilipinas , Tian Shu
Published: October 2022

This paper presents empirical evidence that different types of entrepreneurship have varied effects across economies based on a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. Entrepreneurs contribute to innovation and, more broadly, to competition and economic dynamism. In particular, the paper reveals data showing that opportunity-driven entrepreneurship is positively related to growth in developing economies where manufacturing is significant.
Tradisi Pemikiran Moderasi Beragama Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Fuadi Moh Ashif
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research illustrates the values of religious moderation that contrast with the body of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). Since the establishment of NU Hadratussyaikh K.H. Hashim Asy'ari has initiated the concept of a moderate Islamic pattern in Indonesia which was then continued by the next generation of NU including K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur). Through descriptive qualitative research methods with a historical analytical approach, this study produced conclusions about the foundation of religious moderation initiated by Hashim Ash'ari by following the aqidah of Ash'ariah, madzhab fiqih shafi'i, and Sufism. The value of religious moderation is also reflected in the concepts of tasamuh, tawasuth, and tawazun. In addition, the tradition of NU moderation is reflected in the trilogy of Islamic, insaniyah, wathaniyah ukhwah. NU moderate thinking is very instrumental in internalizing wasathiyah through the acceptance of madzhab, Aqidah Asy'ariyah, the integration of Islam with nationality, and through the cultural movement spearheaded by Gus Dur interfaith dialogue movement.
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and mutations circulating in a university-affiliated hospital in South Korea analyzed using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing
Authors: Kim Hyaekang , Chung Sung Hee , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Han-Sung , Song Wonkeun , Hong Ki Ho , Kim Jae-Seok
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Despite the introduction of vaccines, treatments, and massive diagnostic testing, the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to overcome barriers that had slowed its previous spread. As the virus evolves towards increasing fitness, it is critical to continue monitoring the occurrence of new mutations that could evade human efforts to control them.Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing on 58 SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic at a tertiary hospital in South Korea and tracked the emergence of mutations responsible for massive spikes in South Korea.Results: The differences among lineages were more pronounced in the spike gene, especially in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), than in other genes. Those RBD mutations could compromise neutralization by antibodies elicited by vaccination or previous infections. We also reported multiple incidences of Omicron variants carrying mutations that could impair the diagnostic sensitivity of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based testing.Conclusion: These results provide an understanding of the temporal changes of variants and mutations that have been circulating in South Korea and their potential impacts on antigenicity, therapeutics, and diagnostic escape of the virus. We also showed that the utilization of the nanopore sequencing platform and the ARTIC workflow can provide convenient and accurate SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance even at a single hospital.
Development and Validation of a Rapid Analytical Method for Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in House Dust
Authors: Hoang Quoc Anh , Minh Pham Dang , Quyet Tran Cong , Tri Tran Manh , Minh Tu Binh , Takahashi Shin
Published: October 2022

In this study, a rapid analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDEs in house dust samples. The dust sample was solvent extracted by using a focused ultrasonic processor with reduced extraction time (total 30 min/sample) and solvent volume (about 30 mL/sample). The crude extract was purified by passing through a self-packed multilayer column containing 44% sulfuric acid impregnated silica gel, Florisil, and anhydrous sodium sulfate. PBDEs were eluted from the clean-up column by a mixture of dichloromethane in hexane (1:3,…). PBDEs (41 mono- to deca-BDE congeners) were analyzed by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with negative chemical ionization (NCI) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The analytical method was validated by using procedural blank, matrix-spike, and standard reference material (SRM) samples. Recoveries of PBDEs in spiked samples ranged from 65% to 120%. Analytical results of the SRM 2585 (Organic Contaminants in House Dust, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA) indicate method accuracy with ratios of measured to certified values of almost compounds ranging from 76% to 110%. All the experiments were conducted in duplicate, showing acceptable repeatability (RSD < 15%). This method can be applied for simultaneous determination of mono- to deca-BDE congeners in dust samples at ppb to ppm levels with several advantages such as simple, rapid, accurate, cost-effective, and reducing amounts of chemicals and solvents.
Manufacturing Continuous Improvement of Busbar Product Using Six Sigma Approach At PT.XYZ
Authors: Fithri Prima , Nabila Jihan , Triawan Fandy , Armijal Armijal
Published: October 2022

PT. XYZ is a manufacturing company engaged in the production of cables and conductors such as busbars. Busbar is a copper bar used to distribute electric power. The problem that occurs at PT. X is that there are still reject products in the busbar production The reject criteria found are as follows: bent busbar, scratched visual, oxidized visual, cracked visual during bending test. This aims of this research are to reduce the total rejects in busbar products by proposing improvements to the busbar production process using the six-sigma method. The data used in this study consisted of primary data (results of discussions with production managers, quality control managers and engineering staff and research in field) and secondary data types and total rejects within 21 months. The results of this research found that at the define stage scratched busbar and bent busbar are the dominant type of busbar that will be improved in this research. At the measure stage, the company sigma value is 3.607. This result can be used to propose quality improvement for the busbar production process whisch is obtained so that the company can reduce the number of defective products and improve product quality.
Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan dan Pengenceran Lindi Hitam Terhadap Karakteristik Lignin Kraft Acacia mangium
Authors: Falah Faizatul , Salsabila Rikna Naila , Pradiani Wita , Karimah Azizatul , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Prianto Arief Heru , Solihat Nissa Nurfajrin , Sari Fahriya Puspita , Rusman Rita , Wijaya Irawan Kusuma , Fatriasari Widya
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of storage time and dilution of black liquor (BL) from Acacia mangium kraft pulping on the characteristics of isolated Lignin. Lignin isolation was carried out by 1 and 2 steps of isolation using HCL 1M to precipitate Lignin, diluted before isolation. Isolated Lignin was analyzed for its acid-soluble Lignin (ASL), insoluble acid lignin (AIL), functional groups by FTIR, solubility in dioxane and NaOH and thermal properties. The effect of BL storage time was also evaluated on the characteristics of the Lignin produced. The results suggest that the longer BL is stored, the higher the lignin yield. When compared to the isolation approach without dilution, the dilution process produced a higher yield and ash content up to 84% and 21%, respectively. Without dilution, the AIL isolated was lower than the dilution during BL storage. The longer the storage duration, the higher the lignin purity. Compared to two-step lignin isolation, dilution treatment in single-step isolation improves yield and purity. The thermal stability of lignin isolation without dilution (184 ⁰C and 167 ⁰C for 1 and 2 steps, respectively) was higher than that of isolated Lignin with dilution (154.8 ⁰C and 160.9 ⁰C for 1 and 2 steps, respectively), according to thermal study. Both lignin isolates with and without dilution have comparable functional groups, as shown by FTIR spectra. Due to the high yield and purity of isolated Lignin, BL dilution could be a viable alternative in lignin isolation from BL. Moreover, the properties of isolated Lignin are also influenced by BL storage.
Ekspansi Termal, Oxygen Content, dan Sifat Elektrokimia Oksida SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (70%) + SDC (30%) Sebagai Katoda SOFC
Authors: Subardi Adi , Yen-Pei Fu
Published: October 2022

The thermal properties of the double perovskite SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (70%) + SDC (30%) have been investigated as potential cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). This study also includes the oxygen content and electrochemical performance of long-term tests carried out to evaluate the electrochemical stability. Cathode powder is fabricated by a simple and relatively inexpensive solid-state reaction. Oxygen content decreased gradually from room temperature to 800oC by 18.3%. Doping 30% SDC into SBSC oxide can reduce the thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) value from 19.80 x 10-6 (K-1) to 18.17 x 10-6 (K-1) or a decrease of 8.23%. The activation energy (Ea) identified by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), low field (LF), and high field (HF) techniques were 125.3 kJ mol-1, 60.6 kJ mol-1, and 62.5 kJ mol-1, respectively. The SBSC73|SDC|SBSC73 symmetric cell test for 96 hours at 600oC showed an increase in the average polarization resistance value of 0.30% h-1. The cathode grains are evenly distributed with a size of 2-3 µm and tend to be porous. These results exhibit that SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (70%) + SDC (30%) is a promising cathode material for IT-SOFCs.