bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal responses of shield tunnel subjected to surcharge considering dislocation
Authors: Liang Fayun , Yuan Qiang , Song Zhu , Li Jiaping , Zhang Shaoxia
Published: April 2020

Surcharge due to improper soil dumping and irregular backfilling often causes excessive deformation along the adjacent shallow tunnel in soft-soil areas. Tunnel structures are usually modelled with beam elements where the bending of the concrete segments is considered while the shearing dislocation between segmental rings is usually ignored. In this work, a Timoshenko beam was used to consider such dislocation of a shield tunnel under surcharge and a Pasternak foundation was used to account for the tunnel–soil shear effect. A numerical method was then developed to assess the effect of surcharge loading on the longitudinal responses of the underlying tunnel based on a two-stage method. The proposed solutions were verified using a case history from Shanghai and a three-dimensional numerical simulation from the literature. Results of a further parametric study showed that the deformation induced by surcharge loadings would be underestimated without the shearing-induced dislocation of tunnel segments, which could overpredict the serviceability of the underlying tunnel in surcharge accidents.
İlkokul 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okuma Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi: Bir Karma Yöntem
Authors: YURTBAKAN Ergün , ERDOĞAN Tolga
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı; ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma alışkanlıklarını belirlemektir. Araştırma, karma yöntemin gömülü (içeyerleşik) araştırma desenine dayanmaktadır. Nicel araştırmaya dayanan ilk kısma, Trabzon ili Maçka İlçesinde bulunan beş ilkokulda 4. sınıfta okuyan 243 öğrenci katılmıştır. Bu öğrencilerin amaçlı örneklem yoluyla seçilen 15 velisinin ve 15 öğretmeninin katıldığı, görüşmelere dayanan nitel yöntem ile de nicel bulgular açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak nicel kısımda 25 sorudan oluşan anket, nitel kısımda ise, nitel araştırma metotları içerisinde sıkça kullanılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda elde edilen veriler SPSS 23.0 programı ile analiz edilmiş, analiz sonuçları frekans ve yüzde olarak gösterilmiştir. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda; 7 öğretmenden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme, 8 öğretmen ve 15 veliden görüşme formu yoluyla elde edilen veriler betimsel analizle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, ilkokul öğrencilerinin her gün düzenli kitap okumalarına rağmen yeterli sayıda kitap okumadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin tür olarak en çok hikaye, konu olarak da macera kitaplarını tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin kitapları seçerken en çok konusuna dikkat ettikleri, kitap dışında en çok dergi okumayı tercih ettikleri, okuyacakları kitapları anne ve babalarıyla aldıkları, kütüphaneyi hikaye ve roman almak için kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin okumalarına televizyonun engel olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
KETAHANAN MULUR BAJA SUS 304 HASIL PELAPISAN METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE NiCr+ Cr3C2 DENGAN METODA HVOF
Authors: Naufal Muhammad Luthfi , Waldi Muhammad , Prajitno Djoko Hadi
Published: April 2020

KETAHANAN MULUR DAN OKSIDASI SIKLIK BAJA SUS 304 HASIL PELAPISAN METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE NiCr+Cr3C2 DENGAN METODA HVOF. Telah dilakukan proses deposisi Metal Matrix Composite coating 60% NiCr + 30% Cr3C2+ 10% Al2O3 dan 60% NiCr + 40% Cr3C2 dengan menggunakan teknik High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spray Coating, pada permukaan baja SUS 304. Tujuan pelapisan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan mulur dan oksidasi siklik dalam aplikasi pipa boiler tubes PLTU. Pengujian creep telah dilakukan pada temperatur 550oC dengan pembebanan sebesar 0.4 σy dan 0.6 σy (yield strength) selama 30240 menit (21 hari). Pengujian oksidasi siklik dengan variasi temperatur 600oC, 700oC dan 800oC selama 1 jam dalam tubes furnace dan pendinginan diluar selama 15 menit dalam 1 siklus dan di lakukan sebanyak 5 siklus. Spesimen coating Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) 3 komponen  merupakan coating yang rekomendasikan dalam aplikasi pipa boiler tubes PLTU merupakan laju mulur yang paling rendah sebesar 0.000148917%/jam. Spesimen coating MMC 3 komponen pada temperatur 600oC memiliki perubahan berat oksida, ketebalan coating, dan senyawa oksida yang terbentuk paling rendah.Kata kunci: SUS 304, HVOF Thermal Spray Coating, Metal Matrix Composite, ketahanan mulur, oksidasi siklik.
Viral isolation for SAR11 and OM43 hosts v1
Authors: Buchholz Holger , Michelsen Michelle , Allen Michael , Temperton Ben
Published: April 2020

Working protocol
Manual Silane magnetic bead-based high throughput protocol for SARS-CoV-2 RNA extraction v2
Authors: Goñi-Salaverri Ainhoa , A. Rodriguez Jose , D Weber Nicholas , Pablo Unfried Juan , Argemi Josepmaria , not provided not provided , Lara Astiaso David , not provided not provided
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedent challenge to develop and validate testing tools for urgent disease diagnosis. Current testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via molecular diagnostics is woefully inadequate due to myriad issues with cross-entity coordination, reagent availability, and labor- and time-intensive protocols. The bottleneck in the workflow from patient sampling to diagnosis is not in the identification of viral genetic material (RT-qPCR) but in the collection, processing, and purification of the viral genetic material (patient sampling and RNA extraction). The majority of tests performed in laboratories lacking sophisticated automation require individual sample processing that severely limits the possibilities of scale-up. Thus, throughput depends on the availability of trained operator person-hours. We have developed a protocol for SARS-CoV-2 RNA extraction based on silane ferrimagnetic beads that is easily scaled up to multiwell culture plates with the processing done using multichannel pipettes. This protocol significantly reduces the hands-on time per sample and increases throughput such that an individual operator can process 100-200 samples per hour.
Okul Öncesi Dönemde Mutluluğa İlişkin Betimlemeler
Authors: GÜR Çağla , YAVŞAN Cemile , ÇENBER Ebru , DURMAZ Atiye
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı; okul öncesi dönemdeki 5 yaş grubu çocukların mutluluk kavramını nasıl betimlediklerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Kıbrıs’ın Lefkoşa ilinde bulunan okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 5 yaş grubu 52 kız 48 erkek olmak üzere 100 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler çocuklarla bireysel olarak çalışılarak ve sorular yüz yüze sorularak elde edilmiştir. Sorulacak olan sorular araştırmacılar tarafından taslak olarak hazırlanarak Mutluluk Kavramı Soru Formu oluşturulmuş ve bu sorular için beş alan uzmanından görüş alınmıştır. Önerilere göre düzenlenen form 10 çocuğa pilot olarak uygulanmış, gelen dönütler doğrultusunda da gerekli düzeltmeler yapılarak form son şeklini almıştır. Formun geçerliği uzman görüşüne başvurularak sağlanmıştır Araştırma kapsamında çocuklara şu sorular sorulmuştur: “Mutluluk nedir?”, “Mutluluk nereden gelir?”, “İnsanlar nasıl mutlu olur?”, “Mutlu olmamız neden önemlidir?”, “Mutluluk için bir alet yapabilseydin bu nasıl bir alet olurdu?”. Çalışmaya katılan çocukların sorulan sorulara ilişkin açıklama ve ifadeleri nitel veri analiz çeşitlerinden içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur ve çıkan sonuçlara göre kodlama yapılarak tablolaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, mutluluk kavramı ile ilgili olarak çocukların daha çok yakından bildiği, deneyim yaşadığı nesne, kişi, durum, olay ve deneyimlerden yola çıkarak, kendilerini temel alarak ve kavramı somutlaştırarak betimlerde bulunduğu ifade edilebilir.
Influence of lipoic acid on the exchange of sialic acids in small intestine of rats with alloxan diabetes
Authors: Volkhina Irina V. , Butolin Evgenii G.
Published: April 2020

Despite comprehensive study of features of the reasons and a pathogeny of a diabetes mellitus, its timely diagnostics, prevention and treatment remain among the most current problems of medicine. The patients suffering from the diabetes mellitus a long time have various forms of pathology of a digestive tract forming a picture of a gastroenterological form of autonomous neuropathy. At a diabetic polyneuropathy widely use drugs of -lipoic acid of acid which is the universal antioxidant functioning as a cofactor in the multifermental complexes catalyzing oxidizing decarboxylation of -keto acids, and therefore playing an important role in the course of obtaining energy in aerobic conditions taking part in regeneration of other antioxidants. Sialic acids which belong to multifunctional connections, being components various the glycoproteins and glycolipids of connections are a part of mucins of a blanket of a wall of a small bowel. The composition of mucins of the protective layer of the wall of the small intestine includes sialic acids, which are multifunctional compounds that are components of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The purpose of this study was a comparative study of the effect of lipoic acid on the indicators of sialic acid metabolism of rat small intestine wall compounds in alloxan diabetes. An increase in the rate of sialic acid metabolism in the wall of the small intestine of rats with alloxan diabetes was found, which may indicate a restructuring of the metabolism of enterocytes to adapt to conditions of insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. The introduction of lipoic acid to experimental animals did not reduce sialidase activity and the content of all fractions of sialic acids in the wall of the small intestine, although, according to the literature, it reduced the degree of development of oxidative stress in the body, including in the studied section of the gastrointestinal tract.
Revealing Television's Analogue Heroes
Authors: Jackson Vanessa
Published: April 2020

In this article I will argue that we need to create new archival models
in order to preserve and share knowledge of historical, ‘hidden’ television
professions and production cultures. Oral history traditions of recording
life stories give us a useful starting point. Engineering ‘encounters’
between skilled television technicians, and the now obsolete equipment they
operated in the 1970s and 80s, is challenging for a myriad of reasons, but
videoing the interaction of man and machine provides us with a rich insight
into how analogue television was produced and broadcast. Social media
enables us to disseminate these histories in new and innovative
ways.
Behind the Scenes: Costume Design for Television: There are Many Things
you Don't Know About the League of Gentlemen
Authors: Toylan Gamze
Published: April 2020

Focusing on the award winning costume designer Yves Barre’s work for The
League of Gentlemen (BBC, 1999-2002), this article explores the role of the
costume designer in television production. Using an anthropological method
that combines original interviews with Barre, Steve Pemberton (one of the
writer/performers) and Jon Plowman (the executive producer) as well as
second hand material such as DVD extras, the article provides insight into
the show’s creative process. The underlying objective is to shed light on
the costume design process – an understudied stage of television
production.
Doing it Live! Planning and Preparing for a Live Drama Episode
Authors: MacDonnell Joanna
Published: April 2020

Over the last decade there has been a move towards live episodes of
popular television dramas and soap operas in the UK being used to celebrate
programme and channel anniversaries. This paper, written by a member of the
production team is focused on the ‘behind the scenes’ preparation and
subsequent broadcast of the live episode of British police drama The Bill on
September 22nd 2005. This live episode became a landmark broadcast as it was
the first time that dramatic stunt sequences had been performed live. This
article will be supported with examples from the original planning
documentation and rehearsal photographs and will examine the production
culture in the planning and preparation of the episode. It will also reveal
some of the trickery used to execute the stunts, will discuss the
difficulties experienced during the live episode and how problems were
overcome.
Whatever Happened to Vera?
Authors: Henderson Jo
Published: April 2020

The road to technological progress is littered with unsuccessful
prototypes and their inventors, and in British television there is perhaps
no better example than John Logie Baird, universally recognised as the
inventor of the technology, but not the successful business model. Another
casualty is the Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus (VERA), less well
known than Baird’s invention but a technology developed by the BBC Design
Unit that has the potential to change the production and working practices
of British television, in ways yet to be imagined or apparent. This article,
based on secondary sources (Briggs: 1995, Burns:1977,Hall: 1996, Hartney:
1996 Marshall: 1979 Nash: 1970, and Wyver:1981, 1989), seeks to illuminate
and narrativise some of the threads in the hidden, or certainly largely
unexplored, history of video technology in British television between 1955
and 1975. The start date recognises the ending the BBC’s television monopoly
and the shift to a duopolistic industry that the BBC has to adjust to. The
end date reflects a point where non-broadcast video technology has become
more affordable and of such high quality that it threatens to achieve the
standard previously set as the minimum by the broadcasting unions. The
affordability of the technology leads to new forms of content and new
contexts of practice developing amongst artists, activists and auteurs, some
of whom explicitly choose to question the constructs of television.
Rational Wizards
Authors: Bourdon Jérôme , Méadel Cécile
Published: April 2020

This paper will tell the story of the smallgroup of people who, in
France, have been in charge of the measurement and theappreciation of the
audience of television, and had to invent audience research,to organize it
and to communicate its results to "clients" whodepended on it much earlier
than usually assumed: television managers andprofessionals, public
authorities, and, last but not least, advertisers. The paper will explore
both change andcontinuity. First, change: the professional origin and
training of measurerschanged much over the years. In the early days, they
could have an almostliterary profile. The first person in charge of the
audience at the RadioTélévision Française was a teacher of philosophy. His
followers had a formationin sociology and semiology. They all insisted on
the fact that they were not"simply" measurers, and also worried about
appreciation, quality,culture. They always figures did produce figures, but
rarely only about thenumber of people present in front of the screen, mostly
about satisfaction,appreciation, preferences for given genres, viewing
habits. As there was onlyone channel – until 1964, with the number of TV
sets rising sharply, ratings,in the modern sense, were not critical.Things
started to change gradually. In 1974,the public broadcasting corporation was
divided into several companies,including three competing channels. The
service in charge of measuring audiencewas put under the direct authority of
the Prime Minister. Audience figuresplayed a part in the distribution of
resources, not only advertising but throughthe license fee sharing. However,
the law also provided a clause about an indexof quality, which never
functioned satisfactorily, although the service incharge of audiences put
much effort into it. In 1985, around the time of deregulation,change came.
From outside, this was translated into the rise of daily,detailed, fast
produced figures of the audience through audimeters, thenpeoplemeters. Those
figures become highly controversial; a popular book on TVwore the title:
"The dictatorship of the audimat". But audiencemeasurers did not turn into
dictators. They were, undoubteldy, more consideredas technicians. Their
competence in statistics became crucial. But they werealso negotiatiors,
consensus builders who have to work in an atmosphere ofgrowing suspicion as
the revenues of television depended now mainly, if not only,on audience
figures. However, continuity was there aswell. The need for effective
mediations of the audience existed from the start.Those mediators, figures,
reports, played several roles. Particularly, and thisis true until two days,
they provided channels managers with a source of“para-democratic
legitimacy”. For the “profession” of measurers, this meansthat they have
always played an important roles, as spokespersons of theaudience, equipped
with an almost magical kind of knowledge: the power to “read” the will and
whims of a mysterious, anonymous mass of viewers.
An Unknown, but Key Player in the Television Market
Authors: Gaillard Isabelle
Published: April 2020

This article offers insights into how black and white TV sets were sold
in France from 1948 to the mid 80s. During this period, the black and white
television set shifted from being an expensive and breakable technical
object to a commonplace, mass consumer durable good. The article illustrates
this process.
Writing Games
Authors: Fiacco Axel , Scaglioni Massimo
Published: April 2020

As in the United States and in many countries across Europe, the quiz
show was a founding genre for Italian television as far back as the 1950s:
because of their broad appeal, such game shows as Lascia o raddoppia and Il
musichiere contributed strongly to television’s burgeoning popularity during
the subsequent decades. Since then, the quiz show has traversed different
eras of television history, with partial and gradual changes to its textual
features, aesthetics and narratives, as well as its production routines.
Since the 1980s, with deregulation and the advent of commercial television,
the Italian game-show market has become more international and more reliant
on formats. In the genre’s long history, the “hidden profession” of writing
TV games exhibits elements of both continuity and change. The needs of
format-adaptation have highlighted two main areas of “localization”:
question-writing and casting. This essay explores the profession of
game-show writer in Italy and how the role has evolved. It adopts a
historical framework to illuminate the continuity and change in the
profession, in relation to a broader history of both the genre and the
television medium, while also seeking to outline both the specificity of the
Italian TV context and its connections with an international
environment.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FEATURING TIME LAG AND DECREMENT FACTOR TO ASSESS INDOOR THERMAL CONDITIONS IN LOW-INCOME-GROUP HOUSE
Authors: NETAM Nisha , SANYAL Shubhashis , BHOWMİCK Shubhankar
Published: April 2020

Raipur, capital of Chhattisgarh state, India, is located at (21.18° N and 81.78° E). During summer season, the city experiences maximum temperature of 46 ºC. Residents resort to external cooling sources almost throughout the year for achieving thermal comfort. Therefore, thermal performance analysis of house is important to assess the temperature inside the house at different season. In present work, mathematical model of hourly temperature distribution in each room of the Low Income Group (LIG) house has been developed using time lag and decrement factor. A system of differential equations is derived and solved. The results obtained are validated with data collected onsite. The study is reported for three major seasons realized in Raipur. Deviation of room temperature from predefined thermal comfort has been calculated and reported for different season. The report reveals the lack of thermal comfort from the sets standards in post-monsoon and summer season.
A study on ocular manifestations of skin disorders- At a tertiary care centre
Authors: Siddiqua Hajira , Chowdary Sowmya
Published: April 2020

To study the prevalence, ocular manifestations and also analyse the frequency and distribution of the potential sight threatening lesions in the various type of common skin disorders at tertiary care centre.

40 patients were studied in the Department of ophthalmology from January 2019 to December 2019.

Of the 40 patients that were included in our study,12(30%) had Neurofibromatosis type-1,10(25%) patients had Psoriasis,8(20%) patients had Steven-Johnson syndrome,6(15%) patients had herpes Zoster ophthalmicus and 4(10%) patients ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Neurofibromatosis type-1 was found to be more common among males and 50% patients presented within the age group of 21-40 years of age. Lisch nodules were seen in all the patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and nodular neurofibromas were seen 91.7% patients.Conjunctival freckles and sphenoid wing dysplasia were seen in 1 patient Patients with Psoriasis showed a male predominance accounting for 60% whereas female accounted for 40%.the commonest age group affected by psoriasis 21-40 years seen in 60% of the patients. Among the patients with psoriasis, blepharoconjucntivitis was the most common manifestation seen in 5(50%) patients followed by keratoconjuntivitis sicca in 3(30%) patients and chronic anterior uveitis in 2(20%) patients Male preponderance was noted in patients with Steven-Johnson syndrome and majority (62.5%) of the patients were in the age group of 21-40 years. Bilateral, symmetrical involvement was seen in 87.5% of patients with Steven-Johnson syndrome.Drugs were the most common etiological agent seen in 62.5% of patients. Lid manifestations werebthe most common among those with Stevens-Johnson syndrome accounting for 62.5% patients. Males dominated the clinical scenario among the patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus accounting for 66.67% of patients with a peak during 21-40 years of age. Preceding the eruption, pain was the commonest prodromal symptom seen in 50% patients followed by burning sensation and fever. Females were affected in 75% patients with ocular cicatricial premhigoid and they presented beyond 60 years of age with conjunctivitis in 50% patients followed by entropion and trichiasis.

We conclude that, ocular involvement in skin disease is an common feature could be major component for the development of various systemic skin disorders.
Probing under topical anaesthesia
Authors: K Gupta B , Gupta Kanav , Gupta Isha
Published: April 2020

To assess the practical difficulties and results of probing for Congenital Naso Lacrimal Duct Obstruction under topical anesthesia. 500 infants (650 eyes) were selected. Age ranges from 3-12 months and study was done over a period of 10 years. Probing was done in those children in which medical treatment (antibiotic drops and sac massage) have failed. Topical anesthesia (Lidocaine 4%/ Proparacaine 0.5%) was used for probing. This procedure was successful in 95.2% in first & 98.4% in second sitting without any significant complication. Thus probing under topical anesthesia is a shorter & convenient method.
New changes of world economy and China's challenges and responses
Authors: He Yajie
Published: April 2020

China has made tremendous achievements in politics, economics and culture, which depends on the new opportunities created by the layout of new changes. The east and west have sped up the regional cooperation and accelerate the development of the free trade area, becoming an important scenery line in the global economy. Weakness in emerging markets has brought some challenges to China in the external economic environment.
Investigation of Organizational and Regional Perceptions on the Changes in Construction Projects
Authors: İLTER Osman , ÇELİK Tahir
Published: April 2020

One of the most common concerns in construction projects is changes during execution. Changes can increase the cost and duration of the construction project hereby, can lead to conflict between the parties involved in construction projects. The change causes may differ depending on the organizations and regions characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of organizational and regional characteristics on key change factors. In this regard, top risky change factors were identified with respect to contractors, consultants, and owners located in North Cyprus, Turkey, and the U.S.A. The research findings showed that the most risky change factors differed in accordance with the characteristics of organizations and regions. It was concluded that “Errors/Inadequacies in Contract Drawing” was the riskiest factor according to contractors while “Low price due to high competition” was noted to be the riskiest change causes with respect to consultants and owners. In point of regions, “Inconsistency between different design disciplines” was identified as the top risky change factor according to the respondents in the U.S.A. located organizations. However “Low contract price” was designated as the top risky change factor according to the respondents in North Cyprus and Turkey. In addition, key measures were suggested to be able to mitigate changes in accordance with organizational and regional characteristics.
İstanbul İçin Standart Süreli Gözlenen En Büyük Yağışların Eğilimleri
Authors: ŞEN Kevser , AKSU Hakan
Published: April 2020

İklim değişkenliği ve değişimi, hidrolojik çevrimin her bir parametresini etkilemektedir. Yağışların şiddet, süre ve tekerrürleri köprüler, menfezler, şehir yağmursuyu drenajlarının tasarımında kullanılan temel bilgidir. Bu çalışmada İstanbul ve civarındaki 7 adet plüviograflı MGİ’de ölçülen standart süreli maksimum yağışların eğilim analizleri yapılmıştır. Veri serileri, iki eşit döneme bölünerek yağış şiddet tekerrür eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Kartal MGİ haricinde 6 istasyonda (Sarıyer, Kumköy, Florya, Çorlu, Göztepe ve Şile) belirgin artış eğilimleri belirlenmiştir. Bir örnek olarak, Sarıyer meteoroloji istasyonunun 5 saatlik standart süreli 2 yıl tekerrürlü maksimum yağışları ilk dönem ve ikinci dönem hesaplanan bağıl farkları %30 ve Sarıyer’de bulunan Bekar deresinde Q500 taşkın debisindeki %60 artış şeklindedir.
Episodes of interferences of War and Math in the Life and Work of Werner Fenchel
Authors: Kjeldsen Tinne Hoff
Published: April 2020

No presente artigo, estudamos episódios da vida e obra do matemático alemão-dinamarquês Werner Fenchel na perspectiva da importância da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por um lado, veremos como a sociedade matemática, em particular o matemático Harald Bohr, ajudou Fenchel a estabelecer uma vida acadêmica em Copenhague, na Dinamarca. Por outro lado, veremos como a organização da contribuição do cientista para o esforço de guerra nos EUA durante a guerra e o financiamento militar pós-guerra da pesquisa acadêmica no período pós-guerra interferiu em alguns dos trabalhos matemáticos de Fenchel, especialmente em sua contribuição para a teoria da dualidade na programação não linear. Como tal, o estudo apresentado neste artigo contribui para nossa compreensão de como a matemática e as condições de um determinado local e tempo interferem na história da matemática.
As finalidades do orçamento na influência do isomorfismo institucional na autorrejeição
Authors: Pereira da Luz Igor , Eduardo Facín Lavarda Carlos
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo examinar a influência do isomorfismo institucional na autorrejeição ao orçamento, mediada pelas finalidades do artefato. Aponta-se a importância do estudo do setor farmacêutico brasileiro pois este representa um exemplo peculiar de discussão institucional, considerando as pressões de isomorfismo institucional sofridas pelo setor. O estudo é descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, caracterizado como pesquisa de levantamento, tipo survey. Para cumprir o objetivo foram utilizados os pressupostos de DiMaggio e Powell (1983), as respostas estratégicas de desafiar e manipular do modelo conceitual de Oliver (1991) e as finalidades do orçamento utilizadas por Ekholm e Wallin (2011). A população selecionada foram os gerentes das empresas do setor farmacêutico vinculadas ao Guia da Farmácia, e a amostra final foi composta por 147 respostas válidas. Para a análise de dados foi utilizada a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados apontam para uma influência positiva do isomorfismo institucional nas finalidades de planejamento e diálogo. Não foi encontrada, porém, influência das finalidades do orçamento na autorrejeição. O isomorfismo institucional ainda apresentou influência positiva na autorrejeição do orçamento. Como contribuições, o estudo traz indícios de que os fatores de isomorfismo levam a uma melhor utilização das finalidades do orçamento, levam também a uma rejeição do artefato, que pode estar ligada a fatores de multiplicidade e restrição.
Bitácora
Authors: Gaitán D. Hernando
Published: April 2020

Hace ya cinco años al llegar a la dirección de la Revista, nos trazamos el objetivo de lograr que ésta fuera incluida en las bases de datos electrónicas más importantes a nivel internacional y nacional.En este sentido se dieron los pasos necesarios con el propósito de cumplir con los requisitos de las bases más importantes. Se ha cumplido con los requisitos de las bases Scielo Colombia - Bireme OPS y Publindex de Colciencias.En relación al proyecto a Scielo - Bireme OPS se encuentran digitados 24 números en el ambiente Scielo. La segunda publicación con mas números digitados es la Revista Colombiana de Cardiología. Falta que por lo menos que cuatro revistas colombianas tengan al menos seis números digitados para quedar incluidos en la página principal del proyecto Scielo (http://www.scielo.org/index.php?lang=en). Por ahora se puede acceder a la revista desde la página http://www.col.ops-oms.org/iah/ y desde la página principal de la Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud - Bireme http://www.bireme.br/bvs/I/ihome.htm.
The Investigation of Anti-Proliferative Effects of [Ag2(sac)2(dap)2] Complex on Different Types of Cancer
Authors: GÜNEY Serkan , ERGÜN Sercan , MATIC Ivana , PETROVİC Nina , STANOJKOVİC Tatjana
Published: April 2020

Objective: Cytotoxic features of silver and saccharine compounds have taken attention due to the fact that most of them have showed a cytotoxic effect against tumor cells. In this study, it is aimed to investigate anti-proliferative effects of [Ag2(sac)2(dap)2] complex on different types of cancer cell lines.Methods: HeLa (cervical cancer), PC-3 (prostate cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer), A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) and MRC-5 (normal lung fibroblast) cell lines were grown in plates. In order to determine anti-proliferative effects, IC 50 values of [Ag2(sac)2(dap)2] and cisplatin on these cell lines were determined by MTT method. Results: IC 50 value of [Ag2(sac)2(dap)2] complex was 19.53 ± 1.74 μM for HeLa cell line, 17.14 ± 1.41 μM for PC-3 cell line, 18.56 ± 4.04 for DU 145 cell line, 17.93 ± 1.06 μM for A549 cell line, 3.18 ± 0.04 μM for K562 cell line and 7.25 ± 1.00 μM for MRC-5 cell line. Also, IC 50 value of cisplatin was 4.00 ± 0.47 μM for HeLa cell line, 12.29 ± 1.60 μM for PC-3 cell line, 5.05 ± 0.65 for DU 145 cell line, 12.74 ± 1.26 μM for A549 cell line, 5.90 ± 0.59 μM for K562 cell line and 5.91 ± 0.32 μM for MRC-5 cell line. Only in K562 cell line, IC 50 of [Ag2(sac)2(dap)2] complex was lower than IC 50 of cisplatin.Conclusion: Anti-proliferative activity of [Ag2(sac)2(dap)2] complex is more than cisplatin on chronic myeloid leukemia cells so this complex may be possible to be used as a treatment option especially for chronic myeloid leukemia.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Multiple Myeloma Case in Clinical Nephrology
Authors: KARATAŞ Ahmet , ÜLKÜ Burcu , KAYA Mervegül , ÖZTURAN Aykut
Published: April 2020

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic plasma cell dyscrasia identify by anemia, recurrent infections, increased serum and / or monoclonal protein in urine, osteolytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia and renal failure. MM accounts for approximately 1% of all cancer cases and 10% of hematological malignancies MM related renal failure is an important prognostic factor leading to early mortality and ranges from 20-50% depending on the frequency of kidney disease in MM. In the present paper, we report that advanced age, concomitant chronic renal failure with unknown cause and anemia should always bring MM to mind; In these cases, serum and urine immunization electrophoresis should be requested even if serum protein electrophoresis is normal.
Influence of reciprocating NiTi instruments on the accuracy of apex locator integrated endomotors during simultaneous working length determination
Authors: SARIYILMAZ Öznur , SARIYILMAZ Evren , KESKİN Cangül
Published: April 2020

Objective: To compare simultaneous working length determination efficiency and electrical resistance of thermally treated NiTi files and their counterfeits.Methods: Access cavities were prepared for sixty human mandibular premolar teeth, which were then numbered with a marker. Actual working length was determined visually by introducing a #10 K-file into the root canal and the reference point was marked for further steps. By using flowable composite, the teeth were fixed at the cementoenamel junction to a hole in the center of a glass bottle cap and a second hole prepared on it for lip clip. Alginate impression material was filled into glass bottle then the tooth was embedded into it. Experimental models randomly divided into 6 groups as Group WOG (WaveOne Gold), Group WO (WaveOne), Group W+ (Superline W+), Group RB (Reciproc Blue), Group R (Reciproc), Group V (Superline V). Root canals were prepared until the endomotor stopped when reaching the apical foramen and the silicon stopper was moved to the previously marked reference point to determine the simultaneous working length. The electrical resistance of the files (from tip of file to notch of the shaft) was measured using a multimeter.Results: No readings could be obtained via apex locator for Group V. Group W+ was significantly less accurate compered the other groups (p<0.05). No significant difference was found among the groups WO, WOG, R, and RB (p>0.05).Conclusion: Thermal treatments of NiTi alloys had no effect on the accuracy of simultaneous working length determination. However, Counterfeit endodontic files failed to show of accurate simultaneous working length determination.
Devonian lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)
Authors: BULTYNCK Pierre , DEJONGHE Léon
Published: April 2020

This contribution briefly describes seventy Devonian formations from the Dinant and Namur Synclinoria, the Vesdre Nappe and the Theux Window, that were revised or introduced during the previous two decades. The descriptions of the formations are organized in four parts, Lower Devonian, Middle Devonian, Frasnian and Famennian, corresponding to major and minor transgressive and regressive events and demonstrating each typical lithological characteristics. In each part, the following presentation has been adopted: the formations occurring in the Southern part of the Dinant Synclinorium are first described from base upwards, followed by a description of the formations restricted to the central and/or northern part of the Dinant Synclinorium, the Namur Synclinorium, the Vesdre Nappe and the Theux Window.
Upper Carboniferous lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)
Authors: DELMER André , DUSAR Michiel , DELCAMBRE Bernard
Published: April 2020

Upper Carboniferous, Namurian to Westphalian coal measures in Belgium form part of the Variscan Foredeep in northwestern Europe, with maximum preserved thickness over 3500 m. Despite post-depositional separation of the Wallonian and Campine coal basins by the Brabant Massif and different tectonic styles, a common lithostratigraphic nomenclature can be applied. The stratigraphic subdivision is based on the distinction between a carbonate-dominated marine "Dinantian" and siliciclastic continental, coal-bearing "Silesian". Basal units testify of a marine transgression, locally continuous with Dinantian carbonate sedimentation, elsewhere drowning an emergent karst landscape. Progressive advance and uplift of the Variscan orogenic belt caused rapid subsidence in the foreland and transition from prodelta mudstones to upper alluvial plain conglomerates, with fewer marine incursions. The Belgian Coal Measures Group encompasses this complete tectonically-driven sedimentary succession.
Quaternary lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)
Authors: GULLENTOPS Frans , BOGEMANS Frieda , De MOOR Guy , PAULISSEN Etienne , PISSART Albert
Published: April 2020

The lithostratigraphic classification of the Quaternary deposits is based on the genesis of the sediments. The distinguished environments are marine - estuarine, fluvial, eolian and slope. The marine - estuarine deposits are restricted to certain time-intervals within the Quaternary and are limited to the northern part of Belgium. Fluvial deposits are found throughout the Quaternary. On the basis of the sedimentological - lithological differentials within the Meuse basin and the Schelde basin a bipartite subdivision of the fluvial deposits is introduced. Eolian deposits are differentiated on the basis of their grain size distribution, namely sand and silt. The sandy deposits are accumulated in the northern part of Belgium, whereas loess is deposited in the more southern part of the country. Slope deposits are not restricted regionally neither temporally.
Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi
Authors: Chilanga Emmanuel , Collin-Vezina Delphine , MacIntosh Heather , Mitchel Claudia , Cherney Katrina
Published: April 2020

Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Malawi. Children from rural areas of central Malawi have a high burden of malaria morbidity compared to other regions. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of malaria infection among children in rural areas of the Dowa district in central Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used to systematically sample 523 child‑mother dyads from postnatal clinics. A survey was administered to mothers to collect quantitative data, and rapid diagnostic tests were used to test for malaria infection in children. The main outcome was positive malaria diagnostic tests in children. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children aged 2 to 59 months.Results: The prevalence of malaria among children under five years was 35.4%. The results of the multivariate analyses showed that children of mothers who experienced recent intimate partner violence (IPV) were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.19–2.97; P = 0.007) than children of mothers who did not. Children of mothers who had no formal education were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.24–6.19; P = 0.013) than children of mothers who had received secondary education. In addition, children in the age ranges of 2 to 5 months and 6 to 11 months were less likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.10–0.46; P = 0.000 and AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85; P = 0.016, respectively) than children in the age range of 24 to 59 months. Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of malaria infection among children in the study area was comparable to the national level. We propose that in addition to available malaria control programs, further attention should be paid to children whose mothers have no formal education, children aged 24 to 59 months and mothers that are exposed to IPV in the area.
Two splice variants of the DsMEK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) are involved in salt stress regulation in Dunaliella salina in different ways
Authors: Tang Ziyi , Cao Xiyue , Zhang Yiping , Jiang Jia , Qiao Dairong , Xu Hui , Cao Yi
Published: April 2020

Background: Dunaliella salina can produce glycerol under salt stress, and this production can quickly adapt to changes in external salt concentration. Notably, glycerol is an ideal energy source. In recent years, it has been reported that the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade pathway plays an important role in regulating salt stress, and in Dunaliella tertiolecta DtMAPK can regulate glycerol synthesis under salt stress. Therefore, it is highly important to study the relationship between the MAPK cascade pathway and salt stress in D. salina and modify it to increase the prodution of glycerol. Results: In our study, we identified and analysed the alternative splicing of DsMEK1 (DsMEK1-X1, DsMEK1-X2) from the unicellular green alga D. salina. DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 were both localized in the cytoplasm. qRT-PCR assays showed that DsMEK1-X2 was induced by salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X2 revealed a higher increase rate of glycerol production compared to the control and DsMEK1-X1-oe under salt stress. Under salt stress, the expression of DsGPDH2/3/5/6 increased in DsMEK1-X2-oe strains compared to the control. This finding indicated that DsMEK1-X2 was involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and glycerol overexpression under salt stress. Overexpression of DsMEK1-X1 increased the proline content and reduced the MDA content under salt stress, and DsMEK1-X1 was able to regulate oxidative stress; thus, we hypothesized that DsMEK1-X1 could reduce oxidative damage under salt stress. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that DsMEK1-X2 could interact with DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17 and DsMAPK1; however, DsMEK1-X1 interacted with neither upstream MAPKKK nor downstream MAPK. DsMEK1-X2-oe transgenic lines increased the expression of DsMAPKKK1/3/10/17 and DsMAPK1, and DsMEK1-X2-RNAi lines decreased the expression of DsMAPKKK2/10/17. DsMEK1-X1-oe transgenic lines did not exhibit increased gene expression, except for DsMAPKKK9. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that DsMEK1-X1 and DsMEK1-X2 can respond to salt stress by two different pathways. The DsMEK1-X1 response to salt stress reduces oxidative damage; however, the DsMAPKKK1/2/3/9/10/17- DsMEK1-X2-DsMAPK1 cascade is involved in the regulation of DsGPDH expression and thus glycerol synthesis under salt stress.
Regional education on endoscopic surgery using a teleconference system with high-quality video via the internet: Saga surgical videoconferences
Authors: Manabe Tatsuya , Takasaki Mitsuhiro , Ide Takao , Kitahara Kenji , Sato Seiji , Yunotani Seiji , Hirohashi Yoshimi , Iyama Akihiro , Taniguchi Masahiko , Ogata Toshiro , Shimizu Shuji , Noshiro Hirokazu
Published: April 2020

Background: Effective education about endoscopic surgery (ES) is greatly needed for unskilled surgeons, especially at low-volume institutions, to maintain the safety of patients. We have tried to establish the remote educational system using videoconference system through the internet for education about ES to surgeons belonging to affiliate institutions. The aim of this manuscript was to report the potential to establish a comfortable remote educational system and to debate its advantages.Methods: We established a local remote educational conference system by combining the use of a general web conferencing system and a synchronized remote video playback system with annotation function through a high-speed internet.Results: During 2014–2019, we conducted 14 videoconferences to review and improve surgeons’ skills in performing ES at affiliated institutions. At these conferences, while an uncut video of ES that had been performed at one of the affiliated institutions was shown, the surgical procedure was discussed frankly, and expert surgeons advised improvements. The annotation system is useful for easy, prompt recognition among the audience regarding anatomical structures and procedures that are difficult to explain verbally.Conclusions: This system is of low initial cost and offers easy participation and high-quality videos. It would therefore be a useful tool for regional ES education.
Estimating the effect of adjuvant chemo-therapy for colon-cancer using registry data: a method comparison and validation
Authors: Shen Lingjie , Visser Erik , Wilt Hans de , Verheul Henk , Erning Felice van , Geleijnse Gijs , Kaptein Maurits
Published: April 2020

Background: Although randomized controlled trials (RCT) are the gold standard to estimate treatment effects, they are often criticized in terms of generalizability. Observational data might alleviate this problem by being readily available in large quantities. However, observational data are potentially confounded. In this methodological study we use a large-scale RCT as the gold standard to examine the performance of various statistical methods to control for potential confounding in observational data. Methods: In this paper we compare three types of methods that allow researchers to correct for such potential confounding: direct methods, inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods and doubly robust (DR) methods. We uniquely compare estimates obtained from the population-wide Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) on colon cancer (n=52621) with estimates obtained from a large-scale RCT. As the RCT differs from the observational data both in its sampling mechanism and in its treatment assignment mechanism, we first resample the NCR data to reflect the distribution in RCT data. Next, we correct for potential confounding using three alternative types of methods and consequentially evaluate their estimates to those obtained in the RCT. Results: We find that while all estimators qualitatively approximate to findings in the RCT, methods that can flexibly model the response (i.e., direct estimation and DR estimation) performed consistently superior to the inverse propensity score method. Subgroup analysis indicates that relatively simple models allow us to properly estimate the treatment effect. However, these simple models do not properly identify heterogeneous treatment effects in stage2 colon cancer. Careful sensitivity analysis using more flexible models demonstrates both the uncertainty and the potential heterogeneous treatment effect in stage2 cancer and provides robust estimation of treatment effect in stage3 cancer. Conclusions: Our results suggest that both the direct method and the DR method, when executed with care, can be used to reliably estimate treatment effects based on registry data. This methodological validation opens the door to more extensive use of registry data for the estimation of (individual) treatment effects. Additionally, our identification of potentially meaningful subgroups of stage2 colon cancer patients who, based on our analysis seem to benefit from chemotherapy, should be further explored.