bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable value and trade‐offs: Exploring situational logics and power relations in a UK brewery's malt supply network business model
Authors: Brennan Geraldine , Tennant Mike
Published: July 2018

Conceptualizing firms from a business ecosystem, value‐ or supply‐network perspective captures the boundary‐spanning nature of value creation. However, the relationship dynamics that enable or inhibit sustainable value creation, as well as the understanding of how to resolve trade‐offs in sustainable supply chain management, need to be better understood. To explore these, we present a comparative case study of how situational logics and power relations are embedded in business models within a UK brewer and its malt supply chain. The exploratory case illustrates how network‐centric business model innovation resolves the trade‐off between economic and environmental value through the prioritization of sustainability‐related ‘cultural’ resources. These findings suggest that organizations seeking to implement sustainable supply networks need to pay greater attention to how they use business model innovation to institutionalize situational logics that enable or inhibit sustainable value creation and resolve trade‐offs.
An economic model of circular supply network dynamics: Toward an understanding of performance measurement in the context of multiple stakeholders
Authors: Brown Paul James , Bajada Christopher
Published: July 2018

The circular economy (CE) is increasingly being seen as a way in which organizations and economies can become environmentally sustainable. In this context, a key challenge facing multiple‐stakeholder collaborations in circular supply networks (CSNs) is the need to coordinate activities, as well as to monitor and benchmark sustainability performance. The limited formal analysis of CE production dynamics and performance indicators of activities in the CSN has contributed to these challenges. To address this we develop an economic model of material flow in a CSN that incorporates multiple stakeholder effects, and two novel performance indicators that: (i) estimate the joint effects of the speed of recycling, and the effectiveness of collection and conversion of recycled material on production; and (ii) a measure of the upper bound production possibilities for a given recyclable material cycling through a CSN. These indicators will be informative for monitoring, benchmarking and incentivizing performance across CSNs and informing public policy debates and strategies.
Developmental impairments in moral competence as mitigation in capital cases
Authors: Walker Robert , Clark James J. , Monahan Edward C. , Shechet Art , Agharkar Bhushan S. , Kheibari Athena , Victor III Grant
Published: July 2018

In this article we propose a mitigation approach in those capital murder cases where traditional mitigation themes such as mental illness or low IQ are not present. To avoid prosecution characterization of these defendants as simply evil or antisocial personalities, we suggest reframing the issue as one of moral incompetence, based not on character defect but rather stemming from profoundly neglectful or abusive parenting. Under this reframing, defense teams would present evidence about the many antecedents of poor moral competence, its origins in neglect or abuse, its neurophysiological basis, and, most importantly, its potential for change. Evaluation in such cases would pay close attention to early childhood and family characteristics. We also recommend presentation of research findings showing how moral competence can be improved in adulthood, given appropriate guidance and support. This approach to mitigation is consistent with much of the developmental literature. But juror responses to these mitigation themes are as yet unknown.
Cast into doubt: Free will and the justification for punishment
Authors: Koppel Stephen , Fondacaro Mark , Na Chongmin
Published: July 2018

Criminal punishment is justified on either retributive or consequential grounds. The retributive justification is premised on a common‐sense view of free will: offenders can freely choose to commit crimes and so deserve blame for their actions. The consequentialist justification, in contrast, is not necessarily premised on the free will concept, but rather justifies punishment when it is the most cost‐effective way of preventing crime. Science elucidating the mechanistic causes of human behavior has thrown the notion of free will into doubt, leading some to predict a shift in public support away from retribution towards consequentialism. Past research shows that free will doubt weakens support for retribution, but less is known about its effects on support for consequentialism, or about whether these effects differ across the crime severity spectrum. In this study, we explore the effects of free will doubt on support for retribution and consequentialism in response to three different categories of crime – drug crime, property crime, and violent crime – which have been shown to evoke varying levels of emotion. We find clear inconsistencies across the crime spectrum. For high affect crime, free will doubt weakens support for retribution via blame, and increases support for consequentialism. For low affect crime, free will doubt weakens support for retribution to an even greater extent, yet also decreases support for consequentialism via blame. These findings suggest that, as science reveals the mechanistic causes of criminal behavior, support for criminal punishment will decrease, especially with respect to less serious crimes.
Comparing public concern and support for drone regulation to the current legal framework
Authors: Zwickle Adam , Farber Hillary B. , Hamm Joseph A.
Published: July 2018

In this study we assess the extent to which the regulations governing the use of drones in the United States address the concerns held by the public they are meant to protect. In general, respondents were most supportive of those regulations that could be categorized as limiting one's exposure to an unwanted drone. The most popular policies were those that protected personal privacy, while the least popular were those that hampered drones used for public safety. The largest discrepancy was found to be respondents' preference for laws protecting personal privacy compared with the lack of regulatory constraints currently in place. Federal regulators have only begun to introduce regulations on how drones can be used in our national airspace, with additional regulations for other types and sizes of drones likely to be introduced in the future. The results of this study may be utilized by regulators and lawmakers to create a regulatory structure that effectively mitigates risk and supports the public interest.
Global mental health: My work in Honduras
Authors: Hojman Horacio
Published: July 2018

How to give back? That was the question for me.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2018

the Supreme Court decision not to hear a case relating to juveniles who make false confessions

the dangers of labeling prepubertal irritability “bipolar disorder”
Harmful child bupe exposure mirrors rise in prescriptions
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2018

Poison control centers received 11,275 reports of children and adolescents, mostly children under age 6, ingesting buprenorphine during the 2007–16 time period, according to a study published in the current issue of Pediatrics. From 2013 to 2016, there was a 30% increase in the frequency of exposures among children and adolescents to buprenorphine film, which the researchers attributed to the continued increase in prescriptions.
States teach parents to fight for their children with disabilities
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2018

If you're a parent, you know part of your job entails fighting for your child: to get the best education, health care, and social life possible. You also know you need to teach your child to fend for him‐ or herself.
Effects of the Atmosphere in a Hydrothermal Process on the Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of Cerium Oxide
Authors: Yuán Sàisài , Liu Sixiao , Zhang Qitao , Zhang Ming , Xu Bin , Ohno Teruhisa
Published: July 2018

The hydrothermal method is widely applied in nanomaterials synthesis, and most of the influencing factors have already been taken into account. However, the effect of atmosphere in solution on the performance of nanomaterials has been underestimated for a long time. In this article, reaction solvents were saturated with three classical gases (argon, oxygen, and carbon dioxide), and then heated at 180 °C for 24 h to obtain the cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles. The properties of the three types of CeO2 are significantly different from that of the normal CeO2 (without gas saturation). The morphologies of the prepared CeO2 particles are different, even appear the hollow structure in CeO2−CO2 (synthesized in CO2 saturated condition). The more absorbing and meaningful thing is that the photocatalytic activity of CeO2−CO2 has been greatly improved. The concordance of the CO2 atmosphere (acid gas) and CeO2 (owning substantial content of basic sites) is the key point for the excellent photocatalytic performance.
Methyl Methacrylate HIPE Solely Stabilized by Fluorinated Di‐block Copolymer for Fabrication of Highly Porous and Interconnected Polymer Monoliths
Authors: Azhar Umair , Zong Chuanyong , Wan Xiaozheng , Xu Anhou , Yabin Zhang , Liu Jitao , Zhang Shuxiang , Geng Bing
Published: July 2018

Preparation of stable water‐in‐oil (W/O) high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) containing methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer as oil phase is a difficult task due to the significant solubility of MMA in water. Here, for the first time a fluorinated di‐block copolymer (FDBC) poly (2‐dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate‐b‐poly (trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA‐b‐PTFEMA) is proposed to stabilize HIPEs of MMA without the use of any co‐stabilizer or thickening agent. Fluorinated segments in FDBC anchored well at oil/water interface of HIPE, offering high hydrophobicity to the partially hydrophilic MMA monomer and in turn stabilization to MMA‐HIPE. By using fluorinated di‐block copolymer as stabilizer, highly stable HIPEs can be obtained. In addition, highly interconnected porous monoliths were obtained after free radical polymerization, which are highly desirable materials in various practical applications including tissue engineering scaffolds, separation science, bio‐engineering and so on. The as‐prepared MMA‐HIPEs possess high thermal stability without phase separation. The textural characteristics of as‐prepared composites, such as pore size and distribution, can be easily controlled by simply varying the amount of FDBC and/or dispersed phase fraction. Moreover, the influence of di‐block concentration on water uptake (WU) capability of the prepared porous monoliths is explored.
Orthogonal γPNA Dimerization Domains Empower DNA Binders with Cooperativity and Versatility Mimicking that of Transcription Factor Pairs
Authors: Yu Zutao , Hsieh Wei‐Che , Asamitsu Sefan , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Ly Danith H. , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: July 2018

Synthetic molecules capable of DNA binding and mimicking cooperation of transcription factor (TF) pairs have long been considered a promising tool for manipulating gene expression. Our previously reported Pip‐HoGu system, a programmable DNA binder pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (PIPs) conjugated to host–guest moiety, defined a general framework for mimicking cooperative TF pair‐DNA interactions. Here, we supplanted the cooperation modules with left‐handed (LH) γPNA modules: i.e., PIPs conjugated with nucleic acid‐based cooperation system (Pip‐NaCo). LH γPNA was chosen because of its bioorthogonality, sequence‐specific interaction, and high binding affinity toward the partner strand. From the results of the Pip‐NaCo system, cooperativity is highly comparable to the natural TF pair‐DNA system, with a minimum energetics of cooperation of −3.27 kcal mol−1. Moreover, through changing the linker conjugation site, binding mode, and the length of γPNAs sequence, the cooperative energetics of Pip‐NaCo can be tuned independently and rationally. The current Pip‐NaCo platform might also have the potential for precise manipulation of biological processes through the construction of triple to multiple heterobinding systems.
Neutral, Cationic and Hydride‐substituted Siloxygermylenes
Authors: Roy Matthew M. D. , Fujimori Shiori , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Tokitoh Norihiro , Rivard Eric
Published: July 2018

The introduction of the labile trimethylsiloxy group to GeII centers in the presence of an N‐heterocyclic carbene donor is reported. The new complex IPr⋅GeCl(OSiMe3) (IPr=[(HCNDipp)2C:]; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) was readily converted into the structurally unique GeII siloxy(hydrido)germylene IPr⋅GeH(OSiMe3)⋅BH3 by treatment with lithium borohydride. Additionally, the reactive siloxygermylene cation [IPr⋅Ge(OSiMe3)]+ was synthesized and clean oxidative addition of CH2Cl2 was demonstrated. The two‐coordinate [IPr⋅Ge(OSiMe3)]+ cation also promoted the catalytic hydroborylation of sterically hindered ketones under mild conditions, with enhanced reactivity stemming from an open coordination site at Ge.
SEPT7‐mediated regulation of Ca2+ entry through Orai channels requires other septin subunits
Authors: Deb Bipan K. , Hasan Gaiti
Published: July 2018

Orai channels are plasma membrane resident Ca2+ channels that allow extracellular Ca2+ uptake after depletion of ER‐Ca2+ stores by a process called store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Septins of the SEPT2 subgroup act as positive regulators of SOCE in human nonexcitable cells. SEPT2 subgroup septins form the central core of hetero‐hexameric or hetero‐octameric complexes with SEPT6, SEPT7 and SEPT9 subgroup septins. The presence of fewer septin encoding genes coupled with ease of genetic manipulation allows for better understanding of septin subgroup function in Drosophila. Our earlier findings show that although dSEPT7 reduction does not alter Orai‐mediated Ca2+ entry during SOCE, it results in constitutive activation of Orai channels in resting neurons. Here, we have investigated the role of other septin subgroup members in regulating Orai channel activation in Drosophila neurons by both cellular and functional assays. We show that dSEPT1, a SEPT2 subgroup septin can exist in a complex with dSEPT2 and dSEPT7 in the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila. Our findings suggest that the nature of septin filaments and heteromers obtained after reducing septins of different subgroups alters their ability to regulate Orai channel opening. The molecular mechanisms underlying this complex regulation of Orai function by septins require further cellular investigations.
Expression profile of the STAND protein Nwd1 in the developing and mature mouse central nervous system
Authors: Yamada Seiya , Sakakibara Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2018

The orchestrated events required during brain development, as well as the maintenance of adult neuronal plasticity, highly depend on the accurate responses of neuronal cells to various cellular stress or environmental stimuli. Recent studies have defined a previously unrecognized, broad class of multidomain proteins, designated as signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND), which comprises a large number of proteins, including the apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf1) and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors (NLRs), central players in cell death and innate immune responses, respectively. Although the involvement of STANDs in the central nervous system (CNS) has been postulated in terms of neuronal development and function, it remains largely unclear. Here, we identified Nwd1 (NACHT and WD repeat domain‐containing protein 1), as a novel STAND protein, expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Structurally, Nwd1 was most analogous to the apoptosis regulator Apaf1, also involved in mitosis and axonal outgrowth regulation in the CNS. Using a specific antibody, we show that, during the embryonic and postnatal period, Nwd1 is expressed in nestin‐positive NSPCs in vivo and in vitro, while postnatally it is found in terminally differentiated neurons and blood vessels. At the subcellular level, we demonstrate that Nwd1 is preferentially located in the cytosolic compartment of cultured NSPCs, partially overlapping with cytochrome c. These observations imply that Nwd1 might be involved in the neuronal lineage as a new STAND gene, including having a pro‐apoptotic or nonapoptotic role, similar to Apaf1.
Stereological analysis of the rhesus monkey entorhinal cortex
Authors: Piguet Olivia , Chareyron Loïc J. , Banta Lavenex Pamela , Amaral David G. , Lavenex Pierre
Published: July 2018

The entorhinal cortex is a prominent structure of the medial temporal lobe, which plays a pivotal role in the interaction between the neocortex and the hippocampal formation in support of declarative and spatial memory functions. We implemented design‐based stereological techniques to provide estimates of neuron numbers, neuronal soma size, and volume of different layers and subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex in adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 5–9 years of age). These data corroborate the structural differences between different subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex, which were shown in previous connectional and cytoarchitectonic studies. In particular, differences in the number of neurons contributing to distinct afferent and efferent hippocampal pathways suggest not only that different types of information may be more or less segregated between caudal and rostral subdivisions, but also, and perhaps most importantly, that the nature of the interaction between the entorhinal cortex and the rest of the hippocampal formation may vary between different subdivisions. We compare our quantitative data in monkeys with previously published stereological data for the rat and human, in order to provide a perspective on the relative development and structural organization of the main subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex in two model organisms widely used to decipher the basic functional principles of the human medial temporal lobe memory system. Altogether, these data provide fundamental information on the number of functional units that comprise the entorhinal‐hippocampal circuits and should be considered in order to build realistic models of the medial temporal lobe memory system.
Cerebellar modules in the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear loop demarcated by pcdh10 expression in the adult mouse
Authors: Sarpong Gideon A. , Vibulyaseck Suteera , Luo Yuanjun , Biswas Mohammad S. , Fujita Hirofumi , Hirano Shinji , Sugihara Izumi
Published: July 2018

Topographic connection between corresponding compartments of the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, and inferior olive form parallel modules, which are essential for the cerebellar function. Compared to the striped cortical compartmentalization which are labeled by molecular markers, such as aldolase C (Aldoc) or zebrin II, the presumed corresponding organization of the cerebellar nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus has not been much clarified. We focused on the expression pattern of pcdh10 gene coding cell adhesion molecule protocadherin 10 (Pcdh10) in adult mice. In the cortex, pcdh10 was strongly expressed in (a) Aldoc‐positive vermal stripes a+//2+ in lobules VI–VII, (b) paravermal narrow stripes c+, d+, 4b+, 5a+ in crus I and neighboring lobules, and (c) paravermal stripes 4+//5+ across all lobules from lobule III to paraflocculus. In the cerebellar nuclei, pcdh10 was expressed strongly in the caudal part of the medial nucleus and the lateral part of the posterior interposed nucleus which project less to the medulla or to the red nucleus than to other metencephalic, mesencephalic, and diencephalic areas. In the inferior olive, pcdh10 was expressed strongly in the rostral and medioventrocaudal parts of the medial accessory olive which has connection with the mesencephalic areas rather than the spinal cord. Olivocerebellar and corticonuclear axonal labeling confirmed that the three cortical pcdh10‐positive areas were topographically connected to the nuclear and olivary pcdh10‐positive areas, demonstrating their coincidence with modular structures in the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear loop. We speculate that some of these modules are functionally involved in various nonsomatosensorimotor tasks via their afferent and efferent connections.
Mobile payment recognition technology based on face detection algorithm
Authors: Du Meiyan
Published: July 2018

In view of the problem that the traditional face recognition algorithm cannot be effectively applied to the identification of mobile payment, a lightweight improvement scheme of the dynamic heteroscedasticity based on the classical scale transformation algorithm is proposed, which can automatically study and adaptively add the reliable test samples to the training sample space, with reasonable division and scientific weight distribution characteristics, so that the scheme can improve both the recognition rate and running time. The improved algorithm is tested in the ORL face database and Yale face database, respectively, with the recognition rate improved by 6.13% and 14.11%, and the operating efficiency increased by 9.1% and 4.7%, respectively, compared with the classic scale transformation algorithm. The recognition rate in the ORL face database has achieved 74.05%, with significant improvement compared with PCA, LBP, and other classic algorithms. And the mobile payment scheme is implemented in Android smart phones. The experimental data has verified the feasibility of the improved algorithm in the Android system. Finally, an improved scheme based on the cloud architecture is proposed.
Chalcogen Bonding in Protein−Ligand Complexes: PDB Survey and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Kříž Kristian , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Lepšík Martin
Published: July 2018

A chalcogen bond is a nonclassical noncovalent interaction which can stabilise small‐molecule crystals as well as protein structures. Here, we systematically explore the stabilising potential of chalcogen bonding in protein−ligand complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We have found that a large fraction (23 %) of complexes with a S/Se‐containing ligand feature close S/Se⋅⋅⋅O/N/S contacts. Eleven non‐redundant representative potential S/Se⋅⋅⋅O chalcogen‐bond motifs were selected and truncated to model systems and seven more model systems were prepared by S‐to‐Se substitution. These systems were then subjected to analysis by quantum chemical (QM) methods−electrostatic potential, geometry optimisation or interaction energy calculations, including solvent effects. The QM calculations indicate that chalcogen bonding does indeed play a dominant role in stabilising some of the interaction motifs studied. We thus advocate further exploration of chalcogen bonding with the aim of potential future use in structure‐based drug design.
A Simplified and Efficient Protocol for Derivation and Maintenance of High‐Quality Mouse Primed Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Wnt Inhibition
Authors: Kondo Masayo , Sugimoto Michihiko , Abe Kuniya
Published: July 2018

Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) derived from mouse postimplantation embryos. Interestingly, EpiSCs share many characteristics with human PSCs such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced PSCs (hiPSC). Thus, EpiSCs can serve as a model for studying primed states of pluripotency. This article describes a simple yet highly efficient protocol for EpiSC derivation and maintenance of homogenous EpiSCs using an inhibitor of WNT secretion. Using this method, EpiSCs can be readily derived from mouse strains with different genetic background including C57BL/6N. The EpiSCs derived by this protocol maintain a homogenous, undifferentiated status, yet retain high differentiation potential. Unlike EpiSCs established by the original protocol, the new EpiSC lines require the continued presence of WNT inhibitor, suggesting intrinsic differences from EpiSCs made by the original method. This new version of EpiSCs will provide clues to understand the nature of primed states of mammalian pluripotent cells and may facilitate establishment of a better protocol for directed differentiation from the primed state. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synergy of TiO2/Na0.23TiO2 Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Jing‐Zhou , Zhou Jian‐Ping , Guo Ze‐Qing , Lei Yu‐Xi , Hassan Qadeer Ul
Published: July 2018

TiO2/Na0.23TiO2 composite photocatalyst is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Na0.23TiO2 appears at the alkali concentration of 1.2 m, 320 °C, and 80 min. Different morphologies are obtained under different experimental conditions—namely, nanosheets, nanowire, and nanorod. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Na0.23TiO2 composites is superior to the raw anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) for the degradation of methylene blue under UV–visible light irradiation. The best photocatalytic performance is achieved in a composite prepared at an alkali concentration of 1.5 m. The photogenerated charge separation is a main factor in enhancing the activity of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts. The calculated band gap of Na0.23TiO2 is about 2.904 eV. The Fermi level lies in the conduction band in Na0.23TiO2 while it is near the valence band in anatase TiO2. Then, a heterojunction is formed and is helpful for the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs separation, resulting in an enhanced photocatalysis.
Crystallography Study on the Internal Twinning of Ti–Nb‐Based Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Sun Bin , Meng Xianglong , Gao Zhiyong , Cai Wei
Published: July 2018

Internal twinning structure of several Ti–Nb‐based alloys is studied by coupling transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization and theoretical calculation based on the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC) and the theory of deformation twinning. The TEM study accords well with the theoretical calculations. Possible candidates that can serve as internal twins were predicted by the PTMC analysis, more specifically, (011) compound twinning for the Ti–16Nb–6Zr–1.2Mg alloy, while (011) compound and {111} type I twinning for the other alloys of the present study. The critical resolved shear stress for the {111} type I twinning is lower than that for the (011) compound twinning, because the magnitude of Burgers vector for the {111} type I twinning is more than six times as high as that for the (011) compound twinning. Thus, the internal twins observed preferably belong to the {111} type I twinning when both of the two twinning systems meet the criterion of PTMC.
Wave digital emulation of general memristors
Authors: Solan Enver , Ochs Karlheinz
Published: July 2018

Memristive devices are nonlinear resistors with memory. Due to the memory effect, those devices are potential candidates for self‐organizing circuits capable of learning from environmental influences in the past. The complexity of single devices with memory in combination with the required huge number of these devices in circuits including them make preinvestigations based on simulations very inefficient and time‐consuming. Flexible and real‐time capable memristive emulators, which can directly be incorporated into real circuits, can overcome this problem.

In our approach, we introduce a general memristor emulator based on wave digital principles. The proposed emulator is flexible, robust, efficient, and it preserves the passivity of the real device in a digital signal‐processing sense. All these properties result in a reusable emulator, independent of a particular application. This work lists the wave digital emulations of different models from ideal to extended memristors. As an example for an extended memristor, the wave digital emulation of a double barrier memristive device is demonstrated.
Serum uric acid levels and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Yongkai , Li Xiaowen , Li Dong , Xu Chengwei , Yuan Jing , Wei Sheng , Li Xiulou , Yang Kun , Zheng Dan , Tang Yuhan , Yang Handong , Wu Tangchun , He Meian
Published: July 2018

Background

Epidemiological studies suggest that elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with heightened incident kidney disease in both the general population and the type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases, although the results were not entirely consistent.

Methods

We investigated prospective association between SUA levels and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) decline risk (eGFR <60 mL min–1 1.73 m–2) among 3123 T2D in the Dongfeng‐Tongji cohort and further examined this association with a meta‐analysis. Generalize linear model was used to assess the associations of SUA with eGFR decline in the cohort. In the meta‐analysis, we used both fix‐effects and random‐effects models to calculate the overall effect estimate.

Results

During 5‐year follow‐up, 303 (9.7%) patients developed eGFR decline. After multiple adjustments, the relative risk (RR) (95% CI) of eGFR decline was 1.55 (1.07, 2.26) when comparing the highest with the lowest sex‐specific uric acid quartile. A 100 μmol/L increment of SUA level was significantly associated with 21% increased risk of eGFR decline. The SUA‐eGFR decline association was more evident in men, but not in women. In meta‐analysis, the pooled RR (95% CI) was 2.33 (1.66, 3.25) for developing eGFR decline when comparing the highest with the lowest levels of uric acid. A 100 μmol/L increment of SUA level was significantly associated with a 33% increased risk of eGFR decline.

Conclusions

Our results indicate an independent and significant positive association between higher SUA and increased risk of developing eGFR decline among T2D cases.
A mouse model engineered to conditionally express the progesterone receptor‐B isoform
Authors: Hai Lan , Szwarc Maria M. , Wetendorf Margeaux , Wu San‐Pin , Peavey Mary C. , Grimm Sandra L. , Edwards Dean P. , DeMayo Francesco J. , Lydon John P.
Published: July 2018

Using a Rosa26 gene targeting strategy in mouse embryonic stem cells, we have generated a new transgenic mouse (Pgr‐B
LSL), which is designed to conditionally express the epitope‐tagged mouse progesterone receptor‐B (PGR‐B) isoform when crossed with a specific cre driver mouse. To functionally validate this transgenic mouse, we crossed the Pgr‐B
LSL mouse with the MMTV‐CREA transgenic mouse to create the MMTV‐CREA/Pgr‐B
LSL bigenic (termed PR‐B:OE to denote PGR‐B overexpressor). As expected, transgene‐derived PGR‐B protein was specifically targeted to the virgin mammary gland epithelium. At a functional level, the PR‐B:OE bigenic exhibited abnormal mammary morphogenesis—dilated epithelial ducts, precocious alveologenesis and lateral side‐branching, along with a prominent proliferative signature—that resulted in pregnant PR‐B:OE mice unable to exhibit mammary gland terminal differentiation at parturition. Because of this developmental failure, the PR‐B:OE mammary gland was incapable of producing milk resulting in early neonatal death of otherwise healthy litters. This first line of analysis demonstrates the utility of the Pgr‐B
LSL mouse to examine the role of the PGR‐B isoform in different physiologic and pathophysiologic systems that are responsive to progesterone.
eDNA metabarcoding as a new surveillance approach for coastal Arctic biodiversity
Authors: Lacoursière‐Roussel Anaïs , Howland Kimberly , Normandeau Eric , Grey Erin K. , Archambault Philippe , Deiner Kristy , Lodge David M. , Hernandez Cecilia , Leduc Noémie , Bernatchez Louis
Published: July 2018

Because significant global changes are currently underway in the Arctic, creating a large‐scale standardized database for Arctic marine biodiversity is particularly pressing. This study evaluates the potential of aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to detect Arctic coastal biodiversity changes and characterizes the local spatio‐temporal distribution of eDNA in two locations. We extracted and amplified eDNA using two COI primer pairs from ~80 water samples that were collected across two Canadian Arctic ports, Churchill and Iqaluit, based on optimized sampling and preservation methods for remote regions surveys. Results demonstrate that aquatic eDNA surveys have the potential to document large‐scale Arctic biodiversity change by providing a rapid overview of coastal metazoan biodiversity, detecting nonindigenous species, and allowing sampling in both open water and under the ice cover by local northern‐based communities. We show that DNA sequences of ~50% of known Canadian Arctic species and potential invaders are currently present in public databases. A similar proportion of operational taxonomic units was identified at the species level with eDNA metabarcoding, for a total of 181 species identified at both sites. Despite the cold and well‐mixed coastal environment, species composition was vertically heterogeneous, in part due to river inflow in the estuarine ecosystem, and differed between the water column and tide pools. Thus, COI‐based eDNA metabarcoding may quickly improve large‐scale Arctic biomonitoring using eDNA, but we caution that aquatic eDNA sampling needs to be standardized over space and time to accurately evaluate community structure changes.
Lake regionalization and diatom metacommunity structuring in tropical South America
Authors: Benito Xavier , Fritz Sherilyn C. , Steinitz‐Kannan Miriam , Vélez Maria I. , McGlue Michael M.
Published: July 2018

Lakes and their topological distribution across Earth's surface impose ecological and evolutionary constraints on aquatic metacommunities. In this study, we group similar lake ecosystems as metacommunity units influencing diatom community structure. We assembled a database of 195 lakes from the tropical Andes and adjacent lowlands (8°N–30°S and 58–79°W) with associated environmental predictors to examine diatom metacommunity patterns at two different levels: taxon and functional (deconstructed species matrix by ecological guilds). We also derived spatial variables that inherently assessed the relative role of dispersal. Using complementary multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis, cluster analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, Procrustes, variance partitioning), we examined diatom–environment relationships among different lake habitats (sediment surface, periphyton, and plankton) and partitioned community variation to evaluate the influence of niche‐ and dispersal‐based assembly processes in diatom metacommunity structure across lake clusters. The results showed a significant association between geographic clusters of lakes based on gradients of climate and landscape configuration and diatom assemblages. Six lake clusters distributed along a latitudinal gradient were identified as functional metacommunity units for diatom communities. Variance partitioning revealed that dispersal mechanisms were a major contributor to diatom metacommunity structure, but in a highly context‐dependent fashion across lake clusters. In the Andean Altiplano and adjacent lowlands of Bolivia, diatom metacommunities are niche assembled but constrained by either dispersal limitation or mass effects, resulting from area, environmental heterogeneity, and ecological guild relationships. Topographic heterogeneity played an important role in structuring planktic diatom metacommunities. We emphasize the value of a guild‐based metacommunity model linked to dispersal for elucidating mechanisms underlying latitudinal gradients in distribution. Our findings reveal the importance of shifts in ecological drivers across climatic and physiographically distinct lake clusters, providing a basis for comparison of broad‐scale community gradients in lake‐rich regions elsewhere. This may help guide future research to explore evolutionary constraints on the rich Neotropical benthic diatom species pool.
RhII‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of α‐Diazo Homophthalimides and Nitriles Delivers Oxazolo[5,4‐c]isoquinolin‐5(4H)‐one Scaffold
Authors: Kantin Grigory , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: July 2018

Homophthalimides underwent facile diazo transfer reactions and the resulting diazo homophthalimides entered cycloaddition reactions with nitriles catalyzed by Rh2(OAc)4. The latter reaction represents the first example of 1,3‐oxazole synthesis involving nitrile cycloaddition to an α‐diazocarbonyl moiety incorporated in a heterocyclic system. The resulting oxazolo[5,4‐c]isoquinolin‐5(4H)‐one scaffold represents a hitherto not described structural analog of an important cluster of tricyclic ring systems for drug design.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthetic Endeavors of Newly Designed Ferrier and Ferrier‐Nicholas Systems Derived from 1‐C‐Alkynyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐C‐Methylene Pyranosides
Authors: Miranda Silvia , Gómez Ana M. , López J. Cristóbal
Published: July 2018

Novel pyranose derivatives that display Ferrier‐ and Ferrier‐Nicholas‐like reactivity have been designed. These systems: 1‐C‐alkynyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐C‐methylene pyranosides (Ferrier), and their corresponding dicobalthexacarbonyl alkenyl derivatives (Ferrier‐Nicholas), which can be accessed by a concise synthetic route from commercially available tri‐O‐acetyl‐d‐glucal, allow the incorporation of two nucleophiles (at positions C‐3 and C‐2′) in the pyranose ring. The study of these systems has resulted in the discovery of novel reaction patterns that allow, among others, access to open‐chain derivatives, branched pyranosides, 1,6‐anhydro derivatives and, when reacting with indole, access to a new family of tetracyclic indole‐containing carbohydrate derivatives, namely, cyclohepta[b]indole‐fused glycals. The latter are, most likely, formed by a bis Ferrier‐type rearrangement followed by an unusual intramolecular 7‐endo‐dig Friedel–Crafts alkenylation of one of the indole moieties by the C‐1 alkyne.
Exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Chun , Lee Yan‐Chang , Hsieh Wen‐Hsin
Published: July 2018

This study uses negative dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis as a driving mechanism and presents an electrically driven microconcentrator that concentrates the sample in the region exterior to the electrodes (termed as exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator in this paper). The proposed microconcentrator uses a 3‐D face‐to‐face electrode pair; the top electrode is a relatively large planar electrode, and the bottom electrode is formed with three to six long and thin electrodes connected into an open ring. The sample is brought to the vicinity of the open electrode at the bottom by electroosmotic flow; then, negative dielectrophoresis is used to push the sample away from the electrode and concentrate it in the region surrounded by the open ring electrode. Concentration using an exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator offers promise for convenient use in conjunction with relevant detection systems. The results indicate that for the proposed exterior‐electrode electrically driven microconcentrator, the optimal frequency is 100 kHz and the optimal voltage is 13 Vp‐p. The corner concentration process at the corners of the bottom open electrodes enables the multi‐corner electrodes to exhibit better concentration results than that exhibited by semicircular‐shaped electrodes. The concentration performance is most favorable when the shape of the open electrode at the bottom is a five‐vertex electrode, enabling a concentration enhancement factor of 55 times for a latex particle solution and 11 times for E. coli. The experimental results also demonstrate that the concentration phenomenon in this study is not induced by non‐specific adsorption and can be repeated multiple times.
Revisit of wall‐induced lateral migration in particle electrophoresis through a straight rectangular microchannel: Effects of particle zeta potential
Authors: Liu Zhijian , Li Di , Saffarian Maryam , Tzeng Tzuen‐Rong , Song Yongxin , Pan Xinxiang , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: July 2018

Previous studies have reported a lateral migration in particle electrophoresis through a straight rectangular microchannel. This phenomenon arises from the inherent wall‐induced electrical lift that can be exploited to focus and separate particles for microfluidic applications. Such a dielectrophoretic‐like force has been recently found to vary with the buffer concentration. We demonstrate in this work that the particle zeta potential also has a significant effect on the wall‐induced electrical lift. We perform an experimental study of the lateral migration of equal‐sized polystyrene particles with varying surface charges under identical electrokinetic flow conditions. Surprisingly, an enhanced focusing is observed for particles with a faster electrokinetic motion, which indicates a substantially larger electrical lift for particles with a smaller zeta potential. We speculate this phenomenon may be correlated with the particle surface conduction that is a strong function of particle and fluid properties.
Carbon Wrapped Monodispersed FeP Nanoparticles for Lithium Storage with long Cycle Life
Authors: Li Jianwen , Wang Wanwan , Zhao Yueying , Chen Mengna , Fang Zhen
Published: July 2018

FeP is a candidate anode material for lithium‐ion batteries for its high theoretical capacity and low discharge plateau. The obstacle need to be conquered for effective application is to improve the poor electronic conductivity and huge volume changes during lithiation/delithiation. In this work, monodispersed FeP nanoparticles with diameter only about 8 nm was wrapped in carbon by using ball‐milling and subsequent pyrolyzation strategy. The confined monodispersed FeP nanoparticles exhibited a high specific capacity of 500 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1.
A calibration capture–recapture model for inferring natural gas leak population characteristics using data from Google Street View cars
Authors: Weller Zachary D. , Hoeting Jennifer A. , von Fischer Joseph C.
Published: July 2018

While new mobile monitoring technology has revolutionized our ability to measure pollutant levels over large regions, statistical methods for making inferences from data collected by these mobile systems are still being developed. We introduce a new capture–recapture model to answer key inferential questions from data collected by mobile monitoring systems. We apply our new method to characterize populations of natural gas (NG) leaks in urban areas using data collected by atmospheric methane analyzers placed on Google Street View cars. Leaks in urban NG distribution systems correspond to an economic loss, are a potential safety hazard, and are climate altering because NG is primarily composed of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The new calibration capture–recapture (CCR) model combines data from controlled methane release experiments and data collected from mobile air monitors to enable inference for several NG leak population characteristics, including the number of undetected leaks and the total methane output rate in a surveyed region. Our methodology is a novel application of capture–recapture modeling. The CCR model addresses challenges associated with using a capture–recapture model to analyze data collected by a mobile monitoring system such as a variable sampling effort. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for parameter estimation and apply the CCR model to data collected in two U.S. cities. The CCR model provides a new framework for inferring the total number of leaks in NG distribution systems and offers critical insights for informing intelligent infrastructure repair policy that is both cost effective and environmentally friendly.
Garnet composition as an indicator of skarn formation: LA‐ICP‐MS and EPMA studies on oscillatory zoned garnets from the Haobugao skarn deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Fan Xiejun , Wang Xiangdong , Lü Xinbiao , Wei Wei , Chen Wei
Published: July 2018

Oscillatory zoned garnets are widespread in the Haobugao skarn‐type copper–lead–zinc–iron polymetallic deposit, and they can record garnet growing process in the early stages of metallogenesis. In order to investigate the skarn‐forming process and hydrothermal fluid evolution of the Haobugao deposit, major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) contents of oscillatory zoned garnets were analysed by electron probe microscope analysis (EPMA) and laser‐ablation inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) techniques. Three distinct generations of garnets were identified: the first generation garnets (Grt I) are Fe‐rich, euhedral, fine‐ to coarse‐grained, isotropic, show characteristic concentric oscillatory zoning, and have light rare earth element (LREE)‐enriched and heavy rare earth element (HREE)‐depleted REE patterns, with strong positive Eu anomalies and low ΣREE concentrations. The second generation garnets (Grt II) are Al‐rich, anhedral to subhedral, anisotropic, with abundant oscillatory zoning alone the growth lines, and have LREE‐depleted and HREE‐enriched REE patterns, with negligible Eu anomalies and relatively higher ΣREE concentrations. The third generation garnets (Grt III) are anhedral, anisotropic and generally occurred at the rim of pre‐existing Grt I or beside fractures that cut through the pre‐existing Grt I crystals. All these three generations garnets show oscillatory zoning under an optical microscope and have different compositions from each other, but there's limited chemical zoning (such as bell‐shaped zoning of major elements) in each individual garnet crystal.

The texture and composition characteristics of the garnets indicate that the Grt I is precipitated rapidly from high temperature and oxidized magmatic fluids by advective metasomatism, in a high water/rock ratio condition; the Grt II is precipitated from low temperature residual fluids that were in equilibrium with the host rock by diffusive metasomatism, in a low water/rock ratio condition; and the Grt III is formed by retrograde hydrothermal‐metasomatic alteration of pre‐existing garnets. The incorporation of REE into garnet is controlled by its crystal chemistry and fluid composition, dominated by the YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) ‐type substitution mechanism
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Intrinsic connectivity network dynamics in PTSD during amygdala downregulation using real‐time fMRI neurofeedback: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Nicholson Andrew A. , Rabellino Daniela , Densmore Maria , Frewen Paul A. , Paret Christian , Kluetsch Rosemarie , Schmahl Christian , Théberge Jean , Ros Tomas , Neufeld Richard W. J. , McKinnon Margaret C. , Reiss Jeffrey P. , Jetly Rakesh , Lanius Ruth A.
Published: July 2018

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with a disturbance in neural intrinsic connectivity networks (ICN), including the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Here, we conducted a preliminary investigation examining potential changes in ICN recruitment as a function of real‐time fMRI neurofeedback (rt‐fMRI‐NFB) during symptom provocation where we targeted the downregulation of neural response within the amygdala—a key region‐of‐interest in PTSD neuropathophysiology. Patients with PTSD (n = 14) completed three sessions of rt‐fMRI‐NFB with the following conditions: (a) regulate: decrease activation in the amygdala while processing personalized trauma words; (b) view: process trauma words while not attempting to regulate the amygdala; and (c) neutral: process neutral words. We found that recruitment of the left CEN increased over neurofeedback runs during the regulate condition, a finding supported by increased dlPFC activation during the regulate as compared to the view condition. In contrast, DMN task‐negative recruitment was stable during neurofeedback runs, albeit was the highest during view conditions and increased (normalized) during rest periods. Critically, SN recruitment was high for both the regulate and the view conditions, a finding potentially indicative of CEN modality switching, adaptive learning, and increasing threat/defense processing in PTSD. In conclusion, this study provides provocative, preliminary evidence that downregulation of the amygdala using rt‐fMRI‐NFB in PTSD is associated with dynamic changes in ICN, an effect similar to those observed using EEG modalities of neurofeedback.