bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Illness perceptions of adults with eczematous skin diseases: a systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Rocholl Marc , Ludewig Michaela , Brakemeier Carola , John Swen Malte , Wilke Annika
Published: May 2021

Background

Eczematous skin diseases, e.g., atopic dermatitis or contact dermatitis, are associated with a high disease burden, a significant impact on quality of life and a higher risk for anxiety and depression. Therefore, coping strategies are of interest. In order to understand coping processes, it is necessary to examine the patients’ perspectives on their illness. The aim of this systematic mixed studies review is to investigate the illness perceptions of patients with eczematous skin diseases to get a better understanding of their coping processes.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus until February 20, 2019. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included in the review. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and carried out a narrative synthesis. We assessed study quality with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

Three qualitative and four quantitative studies were included in the systematic review. We found different methodological approaches for investigating illness perceptions: guided interviews, focus group interviews as well as standardized questionnaires, e.g., the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. All studies report suspected causes of the skin disease, such as endogenous and exogenous causes (namely, psychological or occupational factors). We found long timeline beliefs as well as various perceived and experienced social, economic, and psychological consequences. Our analysis reveals complex emotional representations in patients with eczematous skin diseases, in particular impairment of emotional well-being, and feelings of shame or helplessness. Qualitative and quantitative data were predominantly complementary and convergent.

Conclusion

Patients with eczematous skin diseases have complex illness representations regarding their disease. These representations interrelate with the coping behavior of patients. Therefore, medical professionals should consider them for counseling and treatment.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO 2018CRD42018109217.
A new class of nonlinear Gronwall–Bellman delay integral inequalities with power and its applications
Authors: Fang Bo , Liu Yujiao , Xu Run
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we establish some new delay Gronwall–Bellman integral inequalities with power, which can be used as a convenient tool to study the qualitative properties of solutions to differential and integral equations. We also give some examples to illustrate the application of our results to obtain the estimation for the solution of the integral and differential equations.
Detecting anxiety and depression among people with limited literacy living with chronic low back pain in Nigeria: adaptation and validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale
Authors: Igwesi-Chidobe Chinonso Nwamaka , Muomah Rosemary C. , Sorinola Isaac Olubunmi , Godfrey Emma Louise
Published: May 2021

Background

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is one of the most popular measures of anxiety and depression. The original HADS is mostly used in Nigeria precluding people with limited literacy. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically test the HADS for rural and urban Nigerian Igbo populations with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who have limited literacy.

Methods

The HADS was forward translated, back translated, and appraised. Face and content validity was ensured by pre-testing the translated measure among a convenience sample of twelve rural Nigerian dwellers with CLBP. Reliability utilising Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman plots and minimal detectable change were investigated amongst a convenience sample of 50 people living with CLBP in rural and urban Nigerian communities. Construct validity testing involving correlations between Igbo-HADS and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire measuring self-reported back pain-specific disability, World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule assessing generic self-reported disability, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire measuring fear avoidance beliefs, and eleven-point box scale assessing pain intensity, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among a random sample of 200 adults with CLBP in rural Nigerian communities were conducted.

Results

Idioms and colloquialisms were difficult to adapt. Internal consistency was good (α = 0.78) and acceptable (α = 0.67) for anxiety and depression subscales respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients were very good (ICC ≃ 0.8) for both subscales. Minimal detectable change was 6.23 and 5.06 for anxiety and depression subscales respectively. The Igbo-HADS and the anxiety subscale had strong correlations (≃ 0.7) with generic self-reported disability; moderate correlations (≃ 0.5–0.6) with pain intensity, self-reported back pain-specific disability, and fear avoidance beliefs. The depression subscale had the lowest correlations (≃ 0.3–0.4) with these outcomes. The EFA produced a two-factor structure with cross-loading of items. The CFA showed poor fit indices for the EFA structure, the original two-factor structure, and one-factor structure.

Conclusion

The HADS may not be suitable for assessing anxiety and depression, or emotional distress in this population due to difficulty achieving cross-cultural equivalence with western idioms; and the expression of emotional distress through somatisation in this culture.
Deconstructing leisure time and workload: case of women bean producers in Kenya
Authors: Nchanji Eileen Bogweh , Mutua Mercy , Odhiambo Collins , Nchanji Yvonne Kiki , Karanja David
Published: May 2021

Background

The notion of leisure became pronounced more than 20 years ago when women who worked on or out of the farm came home to a “second shift,” which entailed domestic work and childcare. This gap continues today not only between men and women but also among women and men. Women's challenges in terms of their leisure arise out of or are shaped by social norms and different life contexts.

Method

The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was conducted to understand women's empowerment and disempowerment status in agricultural activities in five counties in Kenya in 2017. In 2019, focus group discussions were carried out in two of the five counties to understand how men and women farmers define leisure and assess the leisure gap and its effect on women's farm and household activities. We were also interested in understanding how men's and women's workload affects leisure and other productive economic activities, resulting in empowerment and how women’s unpaid work contributes to income poverty.

Result

The WEAI showed that 28% of disempowerment (5DE) in women farmers is due to lack of time for leisure activities and 18% from being overworked. This means that the time indicator accounts for 46% of disempowerment in Kenyan women bean farmers. Men in Bomet and Narok spent more time than women in raising large livestock and leisure. Women in Bomet spent more time than men in cooking and domestic work (fetching water and collecting fuelwood), while men in Bomet spent more time than women in managing their businesses.

Conclusion

Work overload is a constraining factor to women's empowerment in bean production and agricultural productivity. What is considered leisure for men and women is embedded in society’s social fabrics, and it is contextual. This paper highlights instances where leisure provides a way for women to embody and/or resist the discourses of gender roles in the bean value chain and households to enhance food security and health.
Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Beijing’s Xinfadi Market, China: a modeling study to inform future resurgence response
Authors: Wang Xiao-Li , Lin Xin , Yang Peng , Wu Zun-You , Li Gang , McGoogan Jennifer M. , Jiao Zeng-Tao , He Xin-Jun , Li Si-Qi , Shi Hong-Hao , Wang Jing-Yuan , Lai Sheng-Jie , Huang Chun , Wang Quan-Yi
Published: May 2021

Background

A local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case confirmed on June 11, 2020 triggered an outbreak in Beijing, China after 56 consecutive days without a newly confirmed case. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were used to contain the source in Xinfadi (XFD) market. To rapidly control the outbreak, both traditional and newly introduced NPIs including large-scale management of high-risk populations and expanded severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR-based screening in the general population were conducted in Beijing. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Beijing’s XFD market and inform future response efforts of resurgence across regions.

Methods

A modified susceptible–exposed–infectious–recovered (SEIR) model was developed and applied to evaluate a range of different scenarios from the public health perspective. Two outcomes were measured: magnitude of transmission (i.e., number of cases in the outbreak) and endpoint of transmission (i.e., date of containment). The outcomes of scenario evaluations were presented relative to the reality case (i.e., 368 cases in 34 days) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

Results

Our results indicated that a 3 to 14 day delay in the identification of XFD as the infection source and initiation of NPIs would have caused a 3 to 28-fold increase in total case number (31–77 day delay in containment). A failure to implement the quarantine scheme employed in the XFD outbreak for defined key population would have caused a fivefold greater number of cases (73 day delay in containment). Similarly, failure to implement the quarantine plan executed in the XFD outbreak for close contacts would have caused twofold greater transmission (44 day delay in containment). Finally, failure to implement expanded nucleic acid screening in the general population would have yielded 1.6-fold greater transmission and a 32 day delay to containment.

Conclusions

This study informs new evidence that in form the selection of NPI to use as countermeasures in response to a COVID-19 outbreak and optimal timing of their implementation. The evidence provided by this study should inform responses to future outbreaks of COVID-19 and future infectious disease outbreak preparedness efforts in China and elsewhere.

Graphical abstract
Maternal anxiety and depression and their associations with mother–child pretend play: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Rao Zhen , Barker Beth , O’Farrelly Christine , Ramchandani Paul
Published: May 2021

Background

Parental anxiety and depression have been associated with changes to parent–child interactions. Although play constitutes an important part of parent–child interactions and affords critical developmental opportunities, little is known regarding how parental anxiety and depression are related to parent–child play. This is an important knowledge gap because parents play a crucial role in children’s early play experience. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether levels of maternal anxiety and depression respectively predicted frequencies of pretend play in both mothers and their children, and whether mothers’ engagement in pretend play predicted child behaviour problems two years later.

Methods

Pretend play in 60 mother-toddler dyads (Mage of child = 29.67 months, SD = 3.25,41.7% girls) was assessed during home visits. Maternal anxiety and depression were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Children’s behaviour problems were rated by mothers at baseline and two years later. Hierarchical regression analyses examined concurrent associations between mother–child pretend play and maternal anxiety and depression at baseline, and longitudinal associations between baseline mother pretend play and child behavioural problems two years later.

Results

Higher maternal anxiety predicted less pretend play in mothers and children (β =  − .23, BCa 95% CI: [− .018, − .001]) and β =  − .22, BCa 95% CI [− .014, − .001]). Higher maternal depression predicted less child pretend play (β =  − .20, BCa 95% CI [− .012, − .001]). There was evidence (albeit weak) that more mother pretend play at baseline predicted fewer child behaviour problems two years later (β =  − .18, BCa 95% CI [− 62.38, 11.69]), when baseline child behaviour problems and maternal anxiety were controlled for.

Conclusions

Maternal anxiety and depression are associated with less pretend play during mother–child interaction. Mother’s pretend play might help reduce child behavioural problems risks, suggesting that play might be one mechanism by which maternal mental health influences children’s development.
Correction to: Examining educational inequalities: insights in the context of improved mathematics performance on national and international assessments at primary level in Ireland
Authors: Karakolidis Anastasios , Duggan Alice , Shiel Gerry , Kiniry Joanne
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
A review of theoretical salt weathering studies for stone heritage
Authors: Oguchi Chiaki T. , Yu Swe
Published: May 2021

Salt weathering can cause substantial deterioration of natural rocks, building stones, masonry materials, monuments, and engineering structures. Nearly two centuries of salt weathering studies, both theoretically and empirically, have manifested its power as well as its complexity. This paper attempts to unite the kinds of literature assess the various theories in the light of the combined information. The theoretical approaches concerning the most cited mechanisms of salt weathering such as crystallization, hydration and thermal expansion of crystalline salts are thoroughly reviewed. It is understood that there is no universally acceptable hard and sound theoretical information on this topic yet. More precise theories should be developed to elucidate the complications of the mechanisms of salt weathering as well as to interpret the results of empirical studies.
Performance evaluation of the Q.Clear reconstruction framework versus conventional reconstruction algorithms for quantitative brain PET-MR studies
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela , Hallett William , Tavares Adriana A. S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Q.Clear is a Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm that presents improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Brain studies in research require a reconstruction that provides a good spatial resolution and accentuates contrast features however, filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction is not available on GE SIGNA PET-Magnetic Resonance (PET-MR) and studies have been reconstructed with an ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. This study aims to propose a strategy to approximate brain PET quantitative outcomes obtained from images reconstructed with Q.Clear versus traditional FBP and OSEM.

Methods

Contrast recovery and background variability were investigated with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Image Quality (IQ) phantom. Resolution, axial uniformity and SNR were investigated using the Hoffman phantom. Both phantoms were scanned on a Siemens Biograph 6 TruePoint PET-Computed Tomography (CT) and a General Electric SIGNA PET-MR, for FBP, OSEM and Q.Clear. Differences between the metrics obtained with Q.Clear with different β values and FBP obtained on the PET-CT were determined.

Results

For in plane and axial resolution, Q.Clear with low β values presented the best results, whereas for SNR Q.Clear with higher β gave the best results. The uniformity results are greatly impacted by the β value, where β < 600 can yield worse uniformity results compared with the FBP reconstruction.

Conclusion

This study shows that Q.Clear improves contrast recovery and provides better resolution and SNR, in comparison to OSEM, on the PET-MR. When using low β values, Q.Clear can provide similar results to the ones obtained with traditional FBP reconstruction, suggesting it can be used for quantitative brain PET kinetic modelling studies.
Effect of Aegle marmelos on the growth of brushite crystals
Authors: Anushya G. , Mahesh R. , Freeda T. H. , Ramachandran R. , Raju G.
Published: May 2021

Background

The urinary stone formation is a very common health problem due to the prolonged medication. Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, CHPD and Brushite) is one of the major constituent of urinary stone crystals. The formation and deposition of brushite crystals is the central cause of recurrent kidney stone disease among the global population. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Aegle marmelos leaves on the growth of brushite crystals to explicate the inhibitory effect of urinary stones from a different point of view.

Methods

The CHPD crystals were grown by the Single Diffusion Gel growth technique. In order to inhibit the formation of urinary stones, CHPD crystals are grown in the laboratory in the pure form and by adding the prolonged medicine A. marmelos taken especially by diabetic patients. A comparative study of the pure and A. marmelos leaves added crystals has been carried out using the Growth factor, Powder X-ray diffraction, Microstructural parameters, FTIR and SEM-EDAX.

Results

Total mass of the grown crystals is found to decrease with increasing concentrations of leaf extract of the A. marmelos. On comparing with undoped, crystalline size of the A. marmelos doped samples is reduced. Disappearance of absorption band and peak shift in the FTIR shows the incorporation of functional groups of A. marmelos. The morphology changes of the treated crystals are assessed in SEM.

Conclusions

The result shows that herbal extracts prepared from A. marmelos have good inhibitory effect on the growth of the brushite urinary stone crystals considered.
Safety assessment of the standardized aqueous extract from solid-state cultured Xylaria nigripes (Wuling Shen) in rats
Authors: Lai Ming-Nan , Hsu Hui-Chen , Ng Lean-Teik
Published: May 2021

Background

Xylaria nigripes (Koltz.) Cooke, also known as Wuling Shen, is a high-value medicinal mushroom. It is a herbal medicine traditionally used for treating insomnia, trauma and depression. However, its toxicity has never been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of a standardized aqueous extract (XNE), an ingredient of commercial products, prepared from solid-state cultured X. nigripes in rats.

Methods

A 90-day subchronic toxicity study was conducted by oral administration of XNE at daily doses of 20, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes, and the control group was given distilled water (vehicle). All animals were checked daily for general behavior, body weight changes and signs of toxicity. At the end of the treatment period, hematological analysis, biochemical analysis and histopathological examination of organs were conducted.

Results

At tested concentrations, oral XNE administration caused no treatment-induced adverse effects on general health, body weight gain, relative organ weights, and hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological results also showed no significant structural changes in organs even in high-dose XNE-treated animals.

Conclusion

This study suggests that treatment with XNE for 90 days does not produce significant toxicity, even up to 100 fold (2000 mg/kg body weight/day) of the recommended daily intakes. Therefore, the use of XNE as herbal medicines is considered to be relatively safe.
Perch time allocation and feeding efficiency of flycatching Rhinolophus formosae: an optimal foraging behavior?
Authors: Lee Ya-Fu , Kuo Yen-Min , Chu Wen-Chen , Lin Yu-Hsiu , Chang Hsiang-Yi , Chang Hsing-Yi , Chen Wei-Ming
Published: May 2021

Background

Flycatching bats are species-rare and comprise predominantly horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae). Their hang-and-wait foraging mode and long constant-frequency echolocation calls offer advantages in energetics and prey detection, and may enable them apt to foraging optimally, yet not much is known about the foraging behavior of flycatching bats. Thus we assessed the perch use and foraging performance in the field by one of the largest horseshoe bats,Rhinolophus formosae, and offered insights on their perch time allocation.

Results

The perching-foraging behaviors of the bats did not differ significantly between forest settings, but the residence and giving-up time, mean attack, and attack rate were higher in the late spring-early summer, whereas the mean capture, capture rate, and attack efficiency were lower in the late summer when volant juveniles joined the nocturnal activity. The bats maintained flycatching and exhibited largely similar attack rates through the night with peak residence time around the midnight, but the capture rate and attack efficiency both reduced toward midnight and then increased toward the hours right before dawn. The attack rate was negatively correlated to the number of perches used and perch switch; by contrast, the capture rate was positively correlated with both factors. The total residence time at a site increased but mean residence time per perch decreased as the number of perches used and perch-switch increased. The giving-up time was inversely correlated to the attack rate and attack efficiency, and decreased with an increasing capture rate.

Conclusions

The bats increased perch switch at lower attack rates in early spring, but switched less frequently in late spring and prime summer months when insect abundance is higher. By scanning through a broad angular range for prey detection, and switching more frequently among perches,R. formosaeforaged with an increased capture rate, and were able to remain at the site longer by slightly reducing their mean residence time per perch. Our results concur with the predictions of optimal foraging theory for patch selection and offer implications for further exploration of the foraging behavior of flycatching horseshoe bats.
Dying in honour: experiences of end-of-life palliative care during the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak in Guinea
Authors: Nouvet Elysée , Bezanson Kevin , Hunt Matthew , Kouyaté Sekou , Schwartz Lisa , Diallo Fatoumata Binta , de Laat Sonya , Bah-Sow Oumou Younoussa , Diallo Alpha Ahmadou , Diallo Pathé
Published: May 2021

With no cure and a high mortality rate, Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks require preparedness for the provision of end-of-life palliative care. This qualitative study is part of a larger project on palliative care in humanitarian contexts. Its goal was to document and deepen understanding of experiences and expectations related to end-of-life palliative care for patients infected with Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West African Ebola treatment centres (ETCs) during the 2013–2016 epidemic. It consisted of 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews with individuals impacted by EVD in a Guinean ETC: either as patients in an ETC, healthcare providers, healthcare providers who were also EVD patients at one point, family relations who visited patients who died in an ETC, or providers of spiritual support to patients and family. Analysis was team based and applied an interpretive descriptive approach. Healthcare delivery in humanitarian emergencies must remain respectful of patient preferences but also local and contextual values and norms. Of key importance in the Guinean context is the culturally valued experience of “dying in honour”. This involves accompaniment to facilitate a peaceful death, the possibility of passing on final messages to family members, prayer, and particular practices to enact respect for the bodies of the deceased. Participants emphasized several challenges to such death in Ebola treatment centres (ETCs), as well as practices they deemed helpful to alleviating dying patients’ suffering. An overarching message in participants’ accounts was that ideally more would have been done for the dying in ETCs. Building on participants’ accounts, we outline a number of considerations for optimizing end-of-life palliative care during current and future public health emergencies, including for COVID-19.
Investigation of clinically acceptable agreement between two methods of automatic measurement of limb occlusion pressure: a randomised trial
Authors: Hughes Luke , McEwen James
Published: May 2021

Background

Development of automatic, pneumatic tourniquet technology and use of personalised tourniquet pressures has improved the safety and accuracy of surgical tourniquet systems. Personalisation of tourniquet pressure requires accurate measurement of limb occlusion pressure (LOP), which can be measured automatically through two different methods. The ‘embedded LOP’ method measures LOP using a dual-purpose tourniquet cuff acting as both patient sensor and pneumatic effector. The ‘distal LOP’ method measures LOP using a distal sensor applied to the patient’s finger or toe of the operating limb, using photoplethysmography to detect volumetric changes in peripheral blood circulation. The distal LOP method has been used clinically for many years; the embedded LOP method was developed recently with several advantages over the distal LOP method. While both methods have clinically acceptable accuracy in comparison to LOP measured using the manual Doppler ultrasound method, these two automatic methods have not been directly compared. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the embedded and distal methods of LOP measurement have clinically acceptable agreement. The differences in pairs of LOP measurement in the upper and lower limbs of 81 healthy individuals were compared using modified Bland and Altman analysis. In surgery, it is common for cuff pressure to deviate from the pressure setpoint due to limb manipulation. Surgical tourniquet systems utilise a ± 15 mmHg pressure alarm window, whereby if the cuff pressure deviates from the pressure setpoint by > 15 mmHg, an audiovisual alarm is triggered. Therefore, if the difference (bias) ± SE, 95% CI of the bias and SD of differences ± SE in LOP measurement between the embedded and distal methods were all within ±15 mmHg, this would demonstrate that the two methods have clinically acceptable agreement.

Results

LOP measurement using the embedded LOP method was − 0.81 ± 0.75 mmHg (bias ± standard error) lower than the distal LOP method. The 95% confidence interval of the bias was − 2.29 to 0.66 mmHg. The standard deviation of the differences ± standard error was 10.35 ± 0.49 mmHg. These results show that the embedded and distal methods of LOP measurement demonstrate clinically acceptable agreement.

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate clinically acceptable agreement between the embedded and distal methods of LOP measurement. The findings support the use of the embedded LOP method of automatic LOP measurement using dual-purpose tourniquet cuffs to enable accurate, effective and simple prescription of personalised tourniquet cuff pressures in a clinical setting.
MAP, Johne’s disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations
Authors: Matthews Chloe , Cotter Paul D. , O’ Mahony Jim
Published: May 2021

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants. As an infectious disease that causes reduced milk yields, effects fertility and, eventually, the loss of the animal, it is a huge financial burden for associated industries. Efforts to control MAP infection and Johne’s disease are complicated due to difficulties of diagnosis in the early stages of infection and challenges relating to the specificity and sensitivity of current testing methods. The methods that are available contribute to widely used test and cull strategies, vaccination programmes also in place in some countries. Next generation sequencing technologies have opened up new avenues for the discovery of novel biomarkers for disease prediction within MAP genomes and within ruminant microbiomes. Controlling Johne’s disease in herds can lead to improved animal health and welfare, in turn leading to increased productivity. With current climate change bills, such as the European Green Deal, targeting livestock production systems for more sustainable practices, managing animal health is now more important than ever before. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on genomics and detection of MAP as it pertains to Johne’s disease.
Coblation cryptolysis for treatment of tonsillar stones: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Elsayad Osama A. , Hussein Mohammed S.
Published: May 2021

Background

Tonsillectomy is usually indicated in patients with tonsillar stones. It is thought coblation cryptolysis avoids the hazards related to monopolar bipolar diathermy and the regular cold surgical technique. This study compared the peri-operative outcomes in patients with tonsillar stones submitted to coblation cryptolysis, monopolar bipolar dissection, and cold dissection techniques. This randomized study included 105 patients with tonsillar stones. The included patients comprised three groups: GI (n= 35) was subjected to cold dissection, GII (n= 35) was subjected to monopolar bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy, and GIII (n= 35) was subjected to coblation cryptolysis. Outcome parameters included operative time, intraoperative bleeding, consumption of postoperative analgesia, and time to normal food intake.

Results

GIII patients experienced significantly shorter operative time, less intraoperative bleeding, less consumption of postoperative analgesics, and less time to normal diet when compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion

Coblation cryptolysis is a safe and effective technique in the management of tonsillar stones. It appears to be superior to other surgical interventions.
Bending of light in novel 4D Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black holes by the Rindler-Ishak method
Authors: Heydari-Fard Mohaddese , Heydari-Fard Malihe , Reza Sepangi Hamid
Published: May 2021

We study the bending of light in the space-time of black holes in the four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity, recently proposed by Glavan and Lin in Phys. Rev. Lett., 124 (2020) 081301. Using the Rindler-Ishak method, the effect of Gauss-Bonnet coupling on the bending angle is studied. We show that a positive Gauss-Bonnet coupling gives a negative contribution to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter deflection angle, as one would expect.
Kinetic phase diagram for a binary system near the transition to diffusionless solidification
Authors: Buchbinder G. L.
Published: May 2021

The rapid solidification of a binary mixture in the region of the interface velocities V close to the diffusion speed in the bulk of the liquid phase V

D
is considered within the framework of the local nonequilibrium approach. In this high-speed region the derivation of the analytical expression for the “temperature-velocity” response function representing kinetic phase diagram is given without using the concept of the equilibrium phase diagram. The modes of movement of the interface both without and with the drag effect are analyzed. It is shown that the drag effect can be accompanied by a local interface temperature maximum at

.
Introduction
Authors: Samuels Ellen , Freeman Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

This introduction connects the temporal regimes that disabled people and communities negotiate with the universalization of “crip time” during the COVID-19 pandemic, in full swing at the time of this writing. It discusses the articles and artwork in this special issue in terms of how they express the temporalities lived by disabled subjects both as confining and, potentially, as means of critiquing and transforming the time discipline of late-stage capitalism.
The Ethics of Pace
Authors: Bailey Moya
Published: May 2021

Disability studies has continually asked us to rethink the demands on our bodies and time by reminding us that not all humans are able to move and produce in line with these ever-mounting societal expectations. Drawing on the work of disability theorists like Susan Wendell, this article addresses the unique challenges of creating an ethical pace of life for those multiply marginalized by race, gender, sexuality, and ability. The author focuses on her own occupation in the academy and in the field of digital humanities as a necessary case study to argue that, in our social justice visions of the future, we must reimagine the ethics of pace.
Thrice Unseen, Forever on Borrowed Time
Authors: Cepeda María Elena
Published: May 2021

Designed to amplify and archive narratives frequently erased in official accounts of faculty life, this article centers a Latina feminist testimonio approach in its personal examination of mentally disabled faculty members and crip time, or the unique temporalities experienced by disabled individuals and the temporal strategies that they purposefully deploy. The analysis specifically focuses on mentally disabled faculty who are multiply marginalized, or those who often go “thrice unseen” within neoliberal US academia. It is framed throughout by a series of personal observations regarding the singular characteristics of crip time as it is lived by the author, herself a mentally disabled faculty member. Building on the scholarship of disability, queer, and ethnic studies scholars, it explores fraught concepts such as the pressure to pass for neurotypical, societal expectations regarding marriage and reproduction, academic collegiality, and the politics of workplace disclosure. The article closes with a consideration of crip time as pandemic time, as it ponders the distinct parallels between temporal existence during a pandemic and a life always lived through crip time, as well as the potential for reimaging time in a post-COVID world.
Making Mental Health through Open in Emergency
Authors: Khúc Mimi
Published: May 2021

This epistolary essay chronicles the making of Open in Emergency: A Special Issue on Asian American Mental Health (2016, 2019), an interdisciplinary, hybrid book arts project that is an antiracist and disability justice rethinking of mental health. Open in Emergency works to decolonize our approaches to un/wellness and radically expand our vocabularies through the arts and humanities. This essay, written in the form of love letters, journeys through the relationships, experiences, and curatorial processes that inform Open in Emergency’s interventions, particularly what the author dubs a “pedagogy of unwellness,” a crip temporality, epistemology, and ethics that rethink how we experience unwellness and the kinds of care our unwellness requires. The essay offers up Open in Emergency as an example of the kinds of intellectual and arts practices we might engage to develop new ways, and times, of care, for all of us.
After Crip, Crip Afters
Authors: Kafer Alison
Published: May 2021

What does it mean to be attached to crip? What might such attachments make possible, and what might they foreclose? In this hybrid essay—part scholarly article, part creative nonfiction—the author reflects on the concepts of crip and crip time. In an attempt to mark crip time through form, the essay proceeds across two sets of numbers: the list that comprises the body of the text and the list of endnotes that accompany it. Readers may choose to read the two sets concurrently, following each endnote as it appears, or read the two parts consecutively, so that the endnotes function as a kind of afterword. The essay critiques the reduction of crip time to slowness or extended time, noting how both are often sites of debilitation and violence. Centered on the question of what might come after crip and on the possibilities of crip afters, the essay challenges approaches to disability that presume it has a discrete before and after. How do logics of innocence and punishment undergird such models of disability? And how do such notions then determine who is seen as deserving of care?
Use of a mutation-specific genotyping method to assess for HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 Subtype C-infected patients in Botswana
Authors: Maruapula Dorcas , MacLeod Iain J. , Moyo Sikhulile , Musonda Rosemary , Seatla Kaelo , Molebatsi Kesaobaka , Leteane Melvin , Essex Max , Gaseitsiwe Simani , Rowley Christopher F.
Published: May 2021

Background:HIV-1 drug resistance poses a major threat to the success of antiretroviral therapy. The high costs of available HIV drug resistance assays prohibit their routine usage in resource-limited settings. Pan-degenerate amplification and adaptation (PANDAA), a focused genotyping approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR), promises a fast and cost-effective way to detect HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRMs).  Given the high cost of current genotyping methods, we sought to use PANDAA for screening key HIVDRMs in antiretroviral-naïve individuals at codons 103, 106 and 184 of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene. Mutations selected at these positions have been shown to be the most common driver mutations in treatment failure. 

Methods:A total of 103 samples from antiretroviral-naïve individuals previously genotyped by Sanger population sequencing were used to assess and verify the performance of PANDAA. PANDAA samples were run on the ABI 7500 Sequence Detection System to genotype the K103N, V106M and M184V HIVDRMs. In addition, the cost per sample and reaction times were compared.

Results:Sanger population sequencing and PANDAA detected K103N mutation in three (2.9%) out of 103 participants.  There was no evidence of baseline V106M and M184V mutations observed in our study. To genotype the six HIVDRMs it costs approximately 40 USD using PANDAA, while the reagents cost per test for Sanger population sequencing is approximately 100 USD per sample. PANDAA was performed quicker compared to Sanger sequencing, 2 hours for PANDAA versus 15 hours for Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion:The performance of PANDAA and Sanger population sequencing demonstrated complete concordance. PANDAA could improve patient management by providing quick and relatively cheap access to drug-resistance information.
Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study
Authors: Moyano Daniela , Forclaz Zarina , Chaparro Raúl M. , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Perovic Nilda R.
Published: May 2021

Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012.

Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression.

Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a Moderate/High SVI and non-performance of art activities, the OR was 1.398 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.251-1.561). The association between Moderate/High SVI and non-use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) gave an OR of 1.580 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.435-1.741), and between Moderate/High SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 1.586 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.447-1.729).

Conclusions: A Moderate/High SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.
Case Report: Diagnostic challenge of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)
Authors: Albasata Hanan , Alamri Maha M. , Almuhaidb Saud A. , Aljebreen Abdullah M. , Almaghrabia Reem S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Severe COVID-19 is represented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that requires mechanical ventilation. Moreover, recent studies are reporting invasive fungal infection associated with severe COVID-19. It is unclear whether the prescription of immunotherapies such as corticosteroids, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection itself is risk factor for COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Hence, fungal infections present an additional uncertainty in managing COVID-19 patients and further compromise the outcome.

Case study: Here we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a patient with no traditional risk factors for IPA. Admitted to ICU due to ARDS on mechanical ventilation, the patient deteriorated clinically with unexplained increased of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) requirement from 50% to 80%. Investigations showed borderline serum galactomannan, nonspecific radiological findings reported to be atypical for COVID-19, and the respiratory sample grew Aspergillus spp.

Main diagnosis: COVID-19 related fungal infection. The patient was treated with antifungal therapy for four weeks. He improved clinically after one week of starting antimicrobial treatment. After a prolonged ICU stay (87 days) due to infection control precaution, he was discharged from the ICU and moved to a long-term facility for further management and support.

Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in such cases. and the importance of early recognition of CAPA which can optimize therapy by administration of appropriate antifungal agents that may impact mortality.
Case Report: Guitarist’s cramp as the initial manifestation of dopa-responsive dystonia with a novel heterozygous GCH1 mutation
Authors: Hasegawa Takafumi , Hosaka Tatsuhiko , Harada Ryuhei , Kawahata Ichiro , Hoshino Kyoko , Sugeno Naoto , Kikuchi Akio , Aoki Masashi
Published: May 2021

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as Segawa syndrome, is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurological disorders that typically presents as early-onset lower limb dystonia with diurnal fluctuation, and exhibits a marked, persistent response to levodopa. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) are the most common cause of DRD. In addition to the classic form of the disease, there have been a number of studies addressing atypical clinical features of GCH1 related DRD with variable age of onset. This report describes a 37-year-old Japanese male patient with a 10-year history of focal upper limb dystonia that initially emerged as task-specific, guitarist’s cramp. The dystonic symptoms responded very well to levodopa treatment, and genetic analysis identified a novel heterozygous mutation in the C-terminal catalytic domain of GCH1. Insufficient recognition of this treatable condition often leads to misdiagnosis, which causes delays in the patient receiving adequate dopamine replenishing therapy. A diagnostic trial with levodopa should be considered in all patients with relatively young-onset dystonia, whether they have classic features of DRD or not.
Application of action research in the field of healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Casey Mary , Coghlan David , Carroll Áine , Stokes Diarmuid , Roberts Kinley , Hynes Geralyn
Published: May 2021

Background: Traditional research approaches are increasingly challenged in healthcare contexts as they produce abstract thinking rather than practical application. In this regard, action research is a growing area of popularity and interest, essentially because of its dual focus on theory and action. However, there is a need for action researchers not only to justify their research approach but also to demonstrate the quality of their empirical studies. Therefore, the authors set out to examine the current status of the quality of extant action research studies in healthcare to encourage improved scholarship in this area. The aim of this scoping review is to identify, explore and map the literature regarding the application of action research in either individual, group or organisational domains in any healthcare context.

Methods: The systematic scoping review will search the literature within the databases of CINAHL, PubMed and ABI/Inform within the recent five-year period to investigate the scientific evidence of the quality of action research studies in healthcare contexts. The review will be guided by Arksey and O'Malley’s five mandatory steps, which have been updated and published online by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review will follow the PRISMA-ScR framework guidelines to ensure the standard of the methodological and reporting approaches are exemplary.

Conclusion: This paper outlines the protocol for an exploratory scoping review to systematically and comprehensively map out the evidence as to whether action research studies demonstrate explicitly how the essential factors of a comprehensive framework of action research are upheld. The review will summarise the evidence on the quality of current action research studies in healthcare. It is anticipated that the findings will inform future action researchers in designing studies to ensure the quality of the studies is upheld.
Monitoring Power Usage on Humanoid Robot Wirelessly Using the INA219 Sensor
Authors: Fauzi Ibnu , Satya Widodo Nuryono
Published: May 2021

Currently, humanoid robot power measurements are only carried out when there is a robot's movement that is weakened or unable to move optimally. This is considered to be less than optimal in preventing damage/weakness of the robot's movement. The monitoring device is installed on each part of the humanoid robot, namely the hands and feet, then it will send the current and voltage results via the wireless system. The current sensor used is an INA219 type which is calibrated with a resistor. The power supply used is 12.6 V and the resistors for calibration are 15 Ohm, 18 Ohm, 22 Ohm, 39 Ohm, 47 Ohm, 56 Ohm with each resistor having a power resistance of 5W. The INA219 sensor can read the current, voltage, and power values of the resistor even though there are still differences when compared to multimeter measuring instruments. The results of sensor calibration with a resistor will be used as a comparison when monitoring the humanoid robot. NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller and wi-fi module. The web server can operate properly when there is a connection. Monitoring runs in real-time for 1 second to refresh data. In the results obtained in all tests, all INA219 sensors can work but are less accurate. For smooth wireless communication and in accordance with research objectives.