bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
БЕЗОРИЛИК ҲАРАКАТЛАРИГА ҲУҚУҚИЙ БАҲО БЕРИШНИНГ АЙРИМ ЖИҲАТЛАРИ
Authors:   Ўзбекистон Республикаси Жамоат хавфсизлиги университети тадқиқотчиси, Мирзараимов Сардор
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада бугунги кунда безорилик жиноятлари бўйича суриштирув ва дастлабки тергов ўтказишда учраётган квалификацион муаммолар, исботлаш жараёнининг ўзига ҳос жиҳатлари ва мазкур масалаларнинг ҳуқуқий тартибга солиш жиҳатлари, жабрланувчи шахси, унинг ҳуқуқлари ва мавзуга доир бошқа масалалар тадқиқ этилган.
Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation
Authors: Vikas  , Kumar Raj , Soni Sanjeev
Published: February 2023

The photothermal conversion efficiency of gold different nanoparticles (GNPs) in different concentrations (1.25–20 µg/mL) and at different irradiation intensities of near-infrared (NIR) broadband and NIR laser irradiation is evaluated. Results show that for a concentration of 20.0 µg/mL, 40 nm gold nanospheres, 25 × 47 nm gold nanorods (GNRs), and 10 × 41 nm GNRs show a 4–110% higher photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR broadband irradiation than under NIR laser irradiation. Broadband irradiation seems suitable to attain higher efficiencies for the nanoparticles whose absorption wavelength is different from the irradiation wavelength. Lower concentrations (1.25–5 µg/mL) of such nanoparticles show 2–3 times higher efficiency under NIR broadband irradiation. For GNRs of sizes 10 × 38 nm and 10 × 41 nm, the different concentrations show almost equal efficiencies for NIR laser and broadband irradiation. On increasing the irradiation power from 0.3 to 0.5 W, for 10 × 41 nm GNRs in the concentration range of 2.5–20.0 µg/mL, NIR laser irradiation results in 5–32% higher efficiencies, while NIR broadband irradiation leads to a 6–11% increase in efficiency. Under NIR laser irradiation, the photothermal conversion efficiency increases with an increase in optical power. The findings will facilitate the selection of nanoparticle concentrations, irradiation source, and irradiation power for a variety of plasmonic photothermal applications.
INDIAN STOCKS MARKET IS A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY LOOKING AT LONG TERM TRENDS
Authors: Chaudhary Shreshth
Published: February 2023

When stock prices drop by 10% or more from their previous high, this is generally considered to be a correction in the stock market. Market corrections may affect the price of any stock, index, commodity, currency, or other asset traded on an exchange. Of course, market corrections aren't always easy, and a 10% or more drop may significantly affect many investors' bottom lines. When markets and investors are healthy, corrections are necessary. Asset prices may need to adjust for the market to rebalance. There are two ways in which investors may gain from a market downturn: first, by buying assets at a discount, and second, by learning more about the volatility of the market. The inquiry made use of both primary and secondary resources. Data obtained via secondary means, primarily through the Internet. In terms of GDP, India's economy is third biggest in the world. In the years to come, it will reach unprecedented heights. India will have the world's third-biggest economy by 2035, according to projections by Goldman Sachs, the world's largest investment bank. The business study relied heavily on data collected from the companies' websites. The majority of the data comes from a questionnaire survey I conducted plus individual conversations with close friends and relatives.
O Funcionalismo da Nova República : passado e presente - de 1985 a 2019
Authors: Lopez Felix Garcia , Guedes Erivelton
Published: February 2023

O principal objetivo e contribuição deste capítulo é descrever aspectos centrais do perfil e da trajetória quantitativa da burocracia brasileira, em uma série temporal que cobre todo o período na Nova República (1985-2019).
Trajetória dos militares na burocracia federal brasileira : notas iniciais
Authors: Schmidt Flávia de Holanda
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo tem por objetivo principal apresentar análises descritivas sobre a trajetória da ocupação de militares no âmbito da burocracia federal, a partir do conjunto de dados gerados pelo atlas e ainda não explorados para o caso nacional. É importante distinguir que pelo menos duas diferentes análises poderiam ser feitas a partir dos dados do Atlas do Estado Brasileiro no que concerne à presença, à evolução e a alguns aspectos particulares dos militares no âmbito da burocracia brasileira. A primeira possibilidade é observar, a partir das famílias tipicamente militares da Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO), nas diversas bases utilizadas pelo atlas, a dinâmica dos contingentes militares ao longo das últimas décadas – ou seja, a dinâmica da ocupação dentro dos quartéis. Outra possibilidade mais imediata seria focar no que fazem os militares fora dos quartéis, para captar a militarização da burocracia de forma longitudinal, operacionalizada pela participação dos militares na ocupação de cargos na burocracia civil, que é uma das dimensões possíveis para captar esse fenômeno.
A Evolução dos servidores sem vínculo no emprego público no Brasil entre 1992 e 2021
Authors: Carvalho Sandro Sacchet de
Published: February 2023

Este capítulo procura sintetizar e analisar as principais tendências sobre os ocupados no setor público brasileiro entre 1992 e 2021, com especial atenção à evolução dos servidores sem vínculo. Para tanto, utiliza as pesquisas domiciliares do IBGE, que são mais adequadas para captar a participação desses servidores. Com isso, seu principal objetivo é contribuir para detalhar características e trajetórias de evolução do uso desse tipo de vínculo pelo Estado brasileiro nas últimas três décadas, procurando relacionar esse processo ao contexto que o país atravessou durante esses anos, e situá-lo na atual conjuntura e na proposta de Reforma Administrativa, esta representada aqui pela Proposta de Emenda Constitucional (PEC) nº 32/2020, a despeito de outras medidas e propostas que gravitam ao redor do mesmo tema. Busca-se lançar um pouco de luz sobre uma área nebulosa e pouco estudada do serviço público brasileiro. Trata-se se uma primeira aproximação – as pesquisas domiciliares do IBGE não são capazes de esclarecer todos os aspectos relacionados ao tema, mas nos darão respostas que nos permitirão aprofundar a pesquisa, buscando outras fontes de dados.
Remunerações e desigualdades salariais no funcionalismo brasileiro entre 1985 e 2019
Authors: Lopez Felix Garcia , Silveira Leonardo , Portes Bruno , Teles José , Ferreira Ulisses , Guedes Erivelton , Elgaly Pedro , Guedes Ademar , Baeta Fernanda
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste capítulo é descrever e analisar os decis e quartis da remuneração do funcionalismo público em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, incluindo análises que abrangem as diferenças entre homens e mulheres e os diferentes níveis de escolaridade. Também apresentamos os mesmos decis e os analisamos aplicando o recorte por sexo e por escolaridade.
Fast-cadence High-contrast Imaging with Information Field Theory
Authors: Roth J. , Li Causi G. , Testa V. , Arras P. , Ensslin T. A.
Published: February 2023

Although many exoplanets have been indirectly detected in recent years, direct imaging of them with ground-based telescopes remains challenging. In the presence of atmospheric fluctuations, it is ambitious to resolve the high brightness contrasts at the small angular separation between the star and its potential partners. Post-processing of telescope images has become an essential tool to improve the resolvable contrast ratios. This paper contributes a post-processing algorithm for fast-cadence imaging, which deconvolves sequences of telescope images. The algorithm infers a Bayesian estimate of the astronomical object, as well as the atmospheric optical path length, including its spatial and temporal structures. For this, we utilize physics-inspired models for the object, the atmosphere, and the telescope. The algorithm is computationally expensive but allows us to resolve high contrast ratios despite short observation times and no field rotation. We test the performance of the algorithm with pointlike companions synthetically injected into a real data set acquired with the SHARK-VIS pathfinder instrument at the LBT telescope. Sources with brightness ratios down to 6 × 10−4 to the star are detected at 185 mas separation with a short observation time of 0.6 s.
Using Neural Networks to Differentiate Newly Discovered BL Lacertae Objects and FSRQs among the 4FGL Unassociated Sources Employing Gamma-Ray, X-Ray, UV/Optical, and IR Data
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Kerby Stephen , Falcone Abraham D.
Published: February 2023

Among the ∼2157 unassociated sources in the third data release (DR3) of the fourth Fermi catalog, ∼1200 were observed with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory pointed instruments. These observations yielded 238 high signal-to-noise ratio X-ray sources within the 95% Fermi uncertainty regions. Recently, Kerby et al. employed neural networks to find blazar candidates among these 238 X-ray counterparts to the 4FGL unassociated sources and found 112 likely blazar counterpart sources. A complete sample of blazars, along with their subclassification, is a necessary step to help understand the puzzle of the blazar sequence and for the overall completeness of the gamma-ray emitting blazar class in the Fermi catalog. We employed a multi-perceptron neural network classifier to identify flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects among these 112 blazar candidates using the gamma-ray, X-ray, UV/optical, and IR properties. This classifier provided probability estimates for each source to be associated with one or the other category, such that P
fsrq represents the probability for a source to be associated with the FSRQ subclass. Using this approach, four FSRQs and 50 BL Lac objects are classified as such with >99% confidence, while the remaining 58 blazars could not be unambiguously classified as either BL Lac objects or FSRQs.
On the Cosmic Evolution of AGN Obscuration and the X-Ray Luminosity Function: XMM-Newton and Chandra Spectral Analysis of the 31.3 deg2 Stripe 82X
Authors: Peca Alessandro , Cappelluti Nico , Urry C. Megan , LaMassa Stephanie , Marchesi Stefano , Ananna Tonima Tasnim , Baloković Mislav , Sanders David , Auge Connor , Treister Ezequiel , Powell Meredith , Turner Tracey Jane , Kirkpatrick Allison , Tian Chuan
Published: February 2023

We present X-ray spectral analysis of XMM-Newton and Chandra observations in the 31.3 deg2 Stripe-82X (S82X) field. Of the 6181 unique X-ray sources in this field, we analyze a sample of 2937 candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with solid redshifts and sufficient counts determined by simulations. Our results show an observed population with median values of spectral index

Γ
=

1.94

−
0.39

+
0.31

, column density log

N

H

/

cm

−
2

=

20.7

−
0.5

+
1.2

and intrinsic, de-absorbed, 2–10 keV luminosity log

L

X

/

erg

s

−
1

=

44.0

−
1.0

+
0.7

, in the redshift range 0–4. We derive the intrinsic, model-independent, fraction of AGNs that are obscured (

22
≤
log

N

H

/

cm

−
2

<
24

), finding a significant increase in the obscured AGN fraction with redshift and a decline with increasing luminosity. The average obscured AGN fraction is 57% ± 4% for log L
X/erg s−1 > 43. This work constrains the AGN obscuration and spectral shape of the still uncertain high-luminosity and high-redshift regimes (log L
X/erg s−1 > 45.5, z > 3), where the obscured AGN fraction rises to 64% ± 12%. We report a luminosity and density evolution of the X-ray luminosity function, with obscured AGNs dominating at all luminosities at z > 2, and unobscured sources prevailing at log L
X/erg s−1 > 45 at lower redshifts. Our results agree with the evolutionary models in which the bulk of AGN activity is triggered by gas-rich environments and in a downsizing scenario. Moreover, the black hole accretion density (BHAD) is found to evolve similarly to the star formation rate density, confirming the coevolution between AGN and host galaxy, but suggesting different timescales in their growing history. The derived BHAD evolution shows that Compton-thick AGNs contribute to the accretion history of AGNs as much as all other AGN populations combined.
The Observable Properties of Galaxy Accretion Events in Milky Way–like Galaxies in the FIRE-2 Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Horta Danny , Cunningham Emily C. , Sanderson Robyn E. , Johnston Kathryn V. , Panithanpaisal Nondh , Arora Arpit , Necib Lina , Wetzel Andrew , Bailin Jeremy , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André
Published: February 2023

In the Λ-Cold Dark Matter model of the universe, galaxies form in part through accreting satellite systems. Previous works have built an understanding of the signatures of these processes contained within galactic stellar halos. This work revisits that picture using seven Milky Way–like galaxies in the Latte suite of FIRE-2 cosmological simulations. The resolution of these simulations allows a comparison of contributions from satellites aboveM
* ≳ 10 × 7
M
⊙, enabling the analysis of observable properties for disrupted satellites in a fully self-consistent and cosmological context. Our results show that the time of accretion and the stellar mass of an accreted satellite are fundamental parameters that in partnership dictate the resulting spatial distribution, orbital energy, and [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] compositions of the stellar debris of such mergers at present day. These parameters also govern the resulting dynamical state of an accreted galaxy at z = 0, leading to the expectation that the inner regions of the stellar halo (R
GC ≲ 30 kpc) should contain fully phase-mixed debris from both lower- and higher-mass satellites. In addition, we find that a significant fraction of the lower-mass satellites accreted at early times deposit debris in the outer halo (R
GC > 50 kpc) that are not fully phased-mixed, indicating that they could be identified in kinematic surveys. Our results suggest that, as future surveys become increasingly able to map the outer halo of our Galaxy, they may reveal the remnants of long-dead dwarf galaxies whose counterparts are too faint to be seen in situ in higher-redshift surveys.
Solar Coronal Heating Fueled by Random Bursts of Fine-scale Magnetic Reconnection in Turbulent Plasma Regions
Authors: Zou Jitong , Mao Aohua , Wang Xiaogang , Hua Yangyang , Zhou Tianchun
Published: February 2023

Coronal heating is a longstanding issue in solar physics as well as plasma physics in general. In recent years, significant resolution improvements of satellite observations have contributed to a deeper understanding of small-scale physics, e.g., magnetic reconnection processes on fine scales inside the turbulent geo-magnetosheath. Coronal plasmas feature turbulent complexity of flows and magnetic fields with similar fine scales, and thus electron magnetic reconnection is very likely to be excited in the coronal region working as one of the ways to heat the solar corona, which offers a possible new mechanism for the nanoflare model proposed by Parker. We in this paper simulate and analyze the magnetic reconnection processes on a fine scale of the electron skin depth, with a particle-in-cell treatment, and estimate its contribution to coronal heating. The result shows that the electron magnetic reconnection can provide substantial heating efficiency for heating the corona to its observed temperature, once the reconnection events are reasonably spread.
Nightside Ionospheric Structure and Composition on Mars Driven by Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Wu Shiqi , Wu Xiaoshu , Cui Jun , Cao Yutian , Liao Shuxin , Lu Haoyu , Li Lei
Published: February 2023

Ionospheric chemistry plays an unexpectedly important role in the evolution of planetary habitability. This study is dedicated to a detailed modeling of the nightside Martian ionospheric structure and composition, a topic that has been poorly explored due to the absence of relevant measurements, but now becomes tractable owing to the unprecedented measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. Two-stream kinetic calculations and time-dependent fluid calculations are coupled to derive the nightside density profiles at 100–300 km for a large number of ion species, assuming solar wind electron precipitation as the only viable ionizing source in the ideal nonmagnetized atmosphere. Our calculations indicate the presence of a well-defined ionospheric peak at 146 km with a peak density of 8500 cm−3, as driven by the strong atmospheric “absorption” of precipitating electrons at low altitudes. The distribution of nonterminal species is roughly under chemical equilibrium below 170 km, whereas for terminal species such as NO+ and HCO+, diffusion is effective at essentially all altitudes, in direct contrast to the dayside behavior. In the more realistic magnetized atmosphere, the ionospheric peak seldom exists due to the patchiness of electron precipitation. In particular, our model results agree fairly well with the MAVEN measurements, especially in view of the coincidence between electron depletion and thermal plasma void seen along many MAVEN orbits. Compared to the dayside, the nightside ionospheric composition has a much higher proportion of NO+ and lower proportion of CO2
+, likely indicative of nightside enhancement of atmospheric O and N.
POSYDON: A General-purpose Population Synthesis Code with Detailed Binary-evolution Simulations
Authors: Fragos Tassos , J. Andrews Jeff , Bavera Simone S. , Berry Christopher P. L. , Coughlin Scott , Dotter Aaron , Giri Prabin , Kalogera Vicky , Katsaggelos Aggelos , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Lalvani Shamal , Misra Devina , Srivastava Philipp M. , Qin Ying , Rocha Kyle A. , Román-Garza Jaime , Serra Juan Gabriel , Stahle Petter , Sun Meng , Teng Xu , Trajcevski Goce , Tran Nam Hai , Xing Zepei , Zapartas Emmanouil , Zevin Michael
Published: February 2023

Most massive stars are members of a binary or a higher-order stellar system, where the presence of a binary companion can decisively alter their evolution via binary interactions. Interacting binaries are also important astrophysical laboratories for the study of compact objects. Binary population synthesis studies have been used extensively over the last two decades to interpret observations of compact-object binaries and to decipher the physical processes that lead to their formation. Here, we present POSYDON, a novel, publicly available, binary population synthesis code that incorporates full stellar structure and binary-evolution modeling, using the MESA code, throughout the whole evolution of the binaries. The use of POSYDON enables the self-consistent treatment of physical processes in stellar and binary evolution, including: realistic mass-transfer calculations and assessment of stability, internal angular-momentum transport and tides, stellar core sizes, mass-transfer rates, and orbital periods. This paper describes the detailed methodology and implementation of POSYDON, including the assumed physics of stellar and binary evolution, the extensive grids of detailed single- and binary-star models, the postprocessing, classification, and interpolation methods we developed for use with the grids, and the treatment of evolutionary phases that are not based on precalculated grids. The first version of POSYDON targets binaries with massive primary stars (potential progenitors of neutron stars or black holes) at solar metallicity.
A Bias-free Cosmological Analysis with Quasars Alleviating H
0 Tension
Authors: Lenart Aleksander Łukasz , Bargiacchi Giada , Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Nagataki Shigehiro , Capozziello Salvatore
Published: February 2023

Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated because of theoretical and observational mismatches of the standard cosmological model, especially the current discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant, H
0, obtained by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). Thus, considering high-redshift probes like quasars (QSOs), having intermediate redshifts between SNe Ia and CMB, is a necessary step. In this work, we use SNe Ia and the most updated QSO sample, reaching redshifts up to z ∼ 7.5, applying the Risaliti–Lusso QSO relation based on a nonlinear relation between ultraviolet and X-ray luminosities. We consider this relation both in its original form and corrected for selection biases and evolution in redshift through a reliable statistical method also accounting for the circularity problem. We also explore two approaches: with and without calibration on SNe Ia. We then investigate flat and nonflat standard cosmological models and a flat wCDM model, with a constant dark energy equation-of-state parameter w. Remarkably, when correcting for the evolution as a function of cosmology, we obtain closed constraints on Ω
M
using only noncalibrated QSOs. We find that considering noncalibrated QSOs combined with SNe Ia and accounting for the same correction, our results are compatible with a flat ΛCDM model with Ω
M
= 0.3 and H
0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1. Intriguingly, the H
0 values obtained are placed halfway between the one from SNe Ia and CMB, paving the way for new insights into the H
0 tension.
Milestone 15 Protocols for semi-field and field experiments
Authors: Allan Matthew J , Dean Robin , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Wintermantel Dimitry , Albrecht Matthias , Schwarz Janine , Knauer Anina
Published: February 2023

Under the terms of the PoshBee agreement, the members tasked with delivering Work Package 7 carried out semi-field and field studies on honey bees, bumble bees and solitary bees. These studies involved the exposure of the bees to more than one stressor, for example a fungicide and an insecticide or a fungicide and a nutritional deficiency. This is in contrast to the conventional study design where one stressor or product alone is assessed.These studies built upon recommendations by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Prevention of Honeybee Colony Losses (COLOSS), and the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The team of researchers incorporated several innovative approaches in designing and carrying out the studies. In the authors’ view both the quality and quantity of data required for ecotoxicology studies can be improved by adoption of novel methods, including electronic means and artificial intelligence, and the design, manufacture and use of equipment specifically for such studies. Several examples are described.It is the intention of the team to include in this document practical advice for workers who are not familiar with such studies.
Les enjeux du déclin démographique de la population italienne
Authors: Vodisek David
Published: February 2023

À compter des années 1960, selon un calendrier variable selon les pays, la fécondité s’est nettement abaissée dans tous les pays d’Europe, entrant en conséquence dans un « hiver démographique ». Ceci a notamment concerné l’Italie, désormais avec la population la plus vieillie d’Europe. Ce pays a enregistré des évolutions naturelles et migratoires, ainsi que des facteurs de causalité singuliers, d’où un quadruple questionnement : quelle a été la dynamique démographique spécifique de l’Italie ? La traditionnelle dichotomie entre le nord et le sud de l’Italie est-elle encore pertinente ? Quels éléments explicatifs ? Quelle prospective possible ? La réponse à ces questions apporte un éclairage sur les défis qui attendent l’ensemble du continent européen ces prochaines décennies.
Global boundedness of classical solutions to a Keller-Segel-Navier-Stokes system involving saturated sensitivity and indirect signal production in two dimensions
Authors: Gao Kai
Published: February 2023

This paper is concerned with the following Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system with indirect signal production and tensor-valued sensitivity:

   \begin{document}$ \left\{\begin{array}{*5{lllll }} n_{t}+u \cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot(n S(x,n,v,w) \nabla v), \quad &x \in \Omega, t>0, \\ v_{t}+u \cdot \nabla v=\Delta v-v+w, \quad &x \in \Omega, t>0, \\ w_{t}+u \cdot \nabla w=\Delta w-w+n, \quad &x \in \Omega, t>0, \\ u_{t}+\kappa(u \cdot \nabla) u+\nabla P=\Delta u+n \nabla \phi, \quad &x \in \Omega, t>0, \\ \nabla \cdot u=0, \quad &x \in \Omega, t>0, \end{array}\right. \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (♡)$\end{document}

in a bounded domain $ \Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^2 $ with smooth boundary, where $ \kappa \in \mathbb{R} $, $ \phi \in W^{2, \infty}(\Omega) $, and $ S $ is a given function with values in $ \mathbb{R}^{2\times2} $ which satisfies $ |S(x, v, w, u)|\leq C_{S}(n+1)^{-\alpha} $ with $ C_{S} > 0 $. If $ \alpha > 0 $, then for any sufficiently smooth initial data, there exists a globally classical solution which is bounded for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem of system (♡).
The Effect of STEM Autonomous Learning City Map Application on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Hermita Neni , Alim Jesi Alexander , Putra Zetra Hainul , Putra Riki Apriyandi , Anggoro Subuh , Aryani Nini
Published: February 2023

This research aims to discover the effect of STEM autonomous learning city map application on the students’ critical thinking skills. The design of the research is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test control groups. The population of the research is the fourth graders of an elementary school with a total of 60 students involved as the research samples. To collect the data, the research instruments used are a test and an interview. The test is to gain the data of the students’ critical thinking skills while the interview is to gain information regarding the students’ experiences with STEM autonomous learning city map. The findings revealed that there is a significant difference of the critical thinking skills between the students of both groups (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed = 0.015, p<0.05). The critical thinking skills of the students in the experiment class were increased by 23.7%. In addition, compared to the students in the control group, those in the experimental group showed a more positive attitude towards their experiences of learning using STEM autonomous city map application. Owing to this, it can be concluded that learning with the STEM autonomous learning city map application can affect students’ critical thinking skills positively.
Improving Students' Critical Thinking Skills: Is Interactive Video and Interactive Web Module Beneficial?
Authors: Febliza Asyti , Afdal Zul , Copriady Jimmi
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the comparison of students' critical thinking skills by using learning media based on phenomenon-based learning in a general chemistry course. The media were an interactive web module and an interactive video about the colloidal system. This research is comparative research with a quantitative approach. The sample comprised 68 students from the State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and The University of Riau from the chemistry education department. The research data were obtained from students' critical thinking ability test, which consisted of 10 questions and was analyzed using SPSS version 26 for windows. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to notice the difference in students' achievement, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test hypotheses and the effect size contribution. The results showed there is a significant difference in students' critical thinking skills between classes that use interactive web modules and classes that use interactive video. Both PhenoBL learning media can improve students' critical thinking skills where the effect size reaches one-third of the percentage. Therefore, educators can consider these learning media to facilitate students in improving critical thinking skills.
Real Country Experiences: On-line Teaching in Wartime after Pandemic in Ukraine
Authors: Kostikova Ilona , Holubnycha Liudmyla , Marmaza Oleksandra , Budianska Viktoriia , Pochuieva Olha , Marykivska Halyna
Published: February 2023

The manuscript points on the new challenges in higher education in terms of wartime in Ukraine after the world pandemic. The real country experience in English on-line teaching and learning is defined as it was important during the lockdown and it is suitable now in wartime in Ukraine. The aim of the research is to show helpful ideas, experience, to stress the advantages for English on-line teaching and learning. Some general theoretical methods as analysis and synthesis, and the empirical one as questionnaires discovered the advantages of the issue under study. The research has pointed out to the results: on-line teaching and learning prove the development of all the English language skills; off-line teaching and learning are basically useful for the students with high motivation. The Moodle platform (version 3.7), the University platform “Educational Electronic Information Complex” (EEIC), Zoom, Meet, Skype, Microsoft Teams are used for on-line teaching and learning. The most common advantages are the prospect to watch learning material on a laptop or mobile phone screen, to start any type the recordings as audio as video in the best quality. The conclusion is it is necessary to find a balance between on-line and off-line learning, communication, and interaction.
Teachers' Code-Switching in Bilingual Primary Education
Authors: Mañoso-Pacheco Lidia
Published: February 2023

Code-switching is a linguistic phenomenon that is widespread among the bilingual communities of primary school learners. Despite the school administrators' disapproval, teachers commonly resort to this practice as a pedagogical tool to facilitate the dual-focused aim pursued through the content and language integrated learning (CLIL) approach. The present chapter aims to explore the most significant theoretical contributions concerning code-switching in bilingual settings, with an emphasis on its pedagogical functionality in primary education. Data on code-switching were mainly gathered through the bibliographic databases Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. This literary review categorizes the functions reported by scholars into two broad categories: code-switching as a conceptual-understanding facilitator, focused on mathematics attainment, and code-switching as an interpersonal facilitator, divided into classroom management and affective development. The results point to the need to regulate its use and acknowledge the practicality of code-switching among bilingual school populations.
Recent Advances in Chatbot Algorithms, Techniques, and Technologies
Authors: Caldarini Guendalina , Jaf Sardar
Published: February 2023

Intelligent conversational computer systems, known as chatbots, have always been at the forefront of artificial intelligence. They are made to sound like humans in order for machines to communicate with humans. Because of the rising benefits of chatbots, numerous sectors have adopted them to give virtual support to clients. They are also used as companions and virtual assistants. Natural language processing and deep learning are two artificial intelligence disciplines that are used in chatbots. This chapter will examine current advancements in chatbot algorithms, approaches, and technologies that use artificial intelligence and/or natural language processing.
Absorption Spectrum and Raman Spectroscopy of Coumarin507 Dye Laser in Different Solvents
Authors: Al-Sharuee Israa , Ali Ban R.
Published: February 2023

Coumarin dye laser compounds are often used as components in coloring agents and sprays., as well as in the odorization of foods. Therefore, the important of these compounds in many felids leading to growth of several ways aiming to advance the control of pharmaceutical and superficial producing. Solvents play an important role in changing the character of coumarin. The investigated spectral properties, as well as the effect of changing the solvent on this property, have been published. results referred that the molar electronic transition energy increased with decreasing the maximum absorption wavelength, and the highest intensity of the absorption spectrum was in the case of acetone solvent. In addition, many bands appear in Raman shift attributed to the ''C=O'' band, ''O=C–O, C–C'', and ''C–O'' deformation. The characteristic vibrations involving the ''O-H'' group is the stretching and bending modes of the ''O-H'' and ''C-O'' parts.
Influence of Philippine Halloysite on Thermal and Mechanical Performance of Poly(Lactic Acid) Filament for FDM Printing Applications
Authors: Cayabyab Sharyjel R. , Gelilang Salvador , Villanueva Nolan , Laga Jenny Lyn , Milo Lumen , Paglicawan Marissa A. , Celorico Josefina , Basilia Blessie A.
Published: February 2023

Additive manufacturing can be utilized to harness developments in polymer research. This study aims to investigate the effect of Philippine halloysite on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filament for 3D printing using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). PLA-based filaments with halloysite powders were prepared by melt-compounding using a twin-screw extruder. The chemical composition and morphology of the halloysite powder was determined using XRD and SEM, respectively. Composite filament with 3% halloysite (PLA/HSC) was developed and characterized. The thermal properties of pure PLA and PLA/HSC were measured using DSC and TGA. CAD files for XRD analysis and tensile tests were generated using SolidWorks computer software (Dassault Systemes). Printability of pure PLA and the composite filament was observed by using Ultimaker S5 3D printer. The effect on chemical composition and mechanical performance of the 3D printed specimens was evaluated using XRD and UTM, respectively. XRD result confirmed the presence of dehydrated halloysite clay mineral. SEM image revealed the spherical morphology of the halloysite powder with average particle size of 72.472 nm. DSC analysis showed that incorporation of halloysite powder filaments had slightly decreased the glass transition of pure PLA matrix. This could be attributed to the enhanced mobility of polymeric chains by plasticization. Moreover, the melting temperature of PLA/HSC composite has slightly higher value than pure PLA filament owing to increased crystallinity imparted by the halloysite particles. With high stability of halloysite at elevated temperatures, the thermal stability of PLA/HSC filament was also enhanced. Mechanical performance of pure PLA was also improved with addition of halloysite. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of pure PLA matrix increased by 180.32% and 143.96%, respectively which could be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between PLA matrix and halloysite particles. Digital micrographs of the fractured surface reveal that tensile pieces predominantly ruptured by brittle fracture.
Eocene giant ants, Arctic intercontinental dispersal, and hyperthermals revisited: discovery of fossil Titanomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formiciinae) in the cool uplands of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Archibald S. Bruce , Mathewes Rolf W. , Aase Arvid
Published: February 2023

We examine the implications for intercontinental dispersal of the extinct ant genus, Titanomyrma Archibald et al. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formiciinae), following the discovery of its first fossil in Eocene temperate upland Canada. Modern Holarctic distributions of plants and animals were in part formed by dispersals across Late Cretaceous through early Eocene Arctic land bridges. Mild winters in a microthermal Arctic would allow taxa today restricted to the tropics by cold intolerance to cross, with episodic hyperthermal events allowing tropical taxa requiring hot climates to cross. Modern ants with the largest queens inhabit low latitudes of high temperature and mild coldest months, whereas those with smaller queens inhabit a wide variety of latitudes and climates. Gigantic and smaller formiciine ants (Titanomyrma and Formicium Westwood) are known from Europe and North America in the Eocene. The new Canadian Titanomyrma inhabited a cooler upland. It is incomplete, indistinctly preserved, and distorted in fossilisation, and so we do not assign it to a species or erect a new one for it. The true size of this fossil is unclear by this distortion: small size would support gigantism in Titanomyrma requiring hot climates and dispersal during hyperthermals; if it was large, it may have been cold-winter intolerant and able to have crossed during any time when the land bridge was present.
Effects of artificial light with different spectral composition on eye axial growth in juvenile guinea pigs
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Shi Jiayu , Zhang Chuanwei , Shi Lixin , Bai Yujie , Shi Wei , Wang Yuliang
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of artificial light with different spectral composition and distribution on axial growth in guinea pigs. Three-week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to groups exposed to natural light, low color temperature light-emitting diode (LED) light, two full spectrum artificial lights (E light and Julia light) and blue light filtered light with the same intensity. Axial lengths of guinea pigs’ eyes were measured by A-scan ultrasonography prior to the experiment and every 2 weeks during the experiment. After light exposure for 12 weeks, retinal dopamine (DA), dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and DOPAC/DA ratio were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography electrochemical detection and retinal histological structure was observed. Retinal melanopsin expression was detected using western blot and immunohistochemistry. After exposed to different kinds of light with different spectrum for 4 weeks, the axial lengths of guinea pigs’ eyes in LED group and Julia light group were significantly longer than those of natural light group. After 6 weeks, the axial lengths in LED light group were significantly longer than those of E light group and blue light filtered group. The difference between axial lengths in E light group and Julia light group showed statistical significance after 8 weeks (p<0.05). After 12 weeks of light exposure, the comparison of retinal DOPAC/DA ratio and melanopsin expression in each group was consistent with that of axial length. In guinea pigs, continuous full spectrum artificial light with no peak or valley can inhibit axial elongation via retinal dopaminergic and melanopsin system.
Corrected and Republished: Impacts of intrathecal fentanyl on the incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies
Authors: Caballero-Lozada Andrés Fabricio , Gómez Juan Manuel , Torres-Mosquera Arley , González-Carvajal Álvaro , Marín-Prado Andrea , Zorrilla-Vaca Andrés , Zhao Xuechun , Li Jinlei
Published: February 2023

Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an event of multifactorial origin with an incidence of 30% in the general population. Opioids such as fentanyl are being used as adjuvant to local anesthetic for its antiemetic effect. In this context, with this study we aimed to evaluate the impact of spinal fentanyl as an adjuvant on the incidence of PONV compared with a placebo, and shivering. A systematic search of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of spinal fentanyl in the prevention of PONV and shivering was conducted in different databases, of which 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2116 patients scheduled for various surgeries, including cesarean section, orthopedic surgery in the lower limb, hysterectomy, and transurethral resection of the prostate, were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis estimated the relative risk of incidence of PONV in the first 24 hours after surgery and secondary outcomes included the shivering symptom. The use of intrathecal fentanyl was associated with lower incidence of PONV, but not statistically significant when compared to the placebo (RR: 0.74 CI95%: 0.55-1.01 P = 0.06). Subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in PONV incidences with lower doses between 10 and 15 μg (RR: 0.44 CI95%: 0.35–0.55 P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) but not with higher doses 20–25 μg. Secondary outcomes showed a decrease in incidence with the use of fentanyl vs the placebo (RR: 0.49, CI95% 0.33-0.72 P = 0.0003). Current evidence shows that the use of spinal fentanyl decreases the incidence of PONV, an effect favored using low doses.
Effect of Pipelines on Enrollment of Underrepresented Students in Healthcare
Authors: Tombers Nicole , Bauer Joe , Boraas Aaron , Lundberg Jordan , Pfeifer Rachel , Reinartz Cassidy
Published: February 2023

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of pipelines in increasing enrollment of underrepresented students into graduate healthcare programs.

Materials and Methods:

Eight databases (CINAHL, Medline, Nursing and Allied Health Premium, OVID, ScienceDirect, Education Index, Proquest, Google Scholar) were searched in October 2021. Inclusion criteria: studies investigating the effect of pipeline programs on enrollment of underrepresented students in individual graduate healthcare programs within the USA. Studies evaluating a pipeline program where students went on to be enrolled at another institution were excluded. Two reviewers screened articles, extracted data and assessed study quality, with a third reviewer resolving disputes. Primary data collected was percentage of underrepresented students enrolled per cohort. Additional data included the profession of the healthcare program, entrance point into the pipeline and interventions used in the pipeline. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for pre/post studies with no control group.

Results:

After duplicates were removed, 1524 studies were evaluated, with five studies included. Following initiation of a pipeline, fifteen institutions reported increased enrollment of underrepresented students, three reported decreased enrollment, and one reported no change. All studies were of low quality for drawing associative conclusions.

Conclusion:

Pipelines may be effective at increasing underrepresented students enrolled in graduate healthcare programs. Results are limited in scope, representing only medical and dental programs, and lacking in long-term outcomes.
A nurse-led occupational health promotion program for farmers
Authors: BASU Indrakshi , PREMAVATHY Rajadurai , MANI Smritikana
Published: February 2023

Agrarian occupational health is a neglected primary health-care service in India. A nurse-led health promotion program is planned based on a Conceptual Model for the Occupational Health Nurse Specialist prepared by Ms. Janice Dees (1984) inspired from Orem's self-care theory. The interventions included are range of motion exercise, progressive muscle relaxation technique, foot and palm massage, and literacy on safety practices. The wellness of field farmers is expected by following this program plan.
Nursing perspective of expert consensus for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine
Authors: LIU Shuhong , TANG Ling , ZHAO Yanan , HUO Jingjing , ZHAO Yan , YAN Kang , ZHAO Baoya
Published: February 2023

As one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by a variety of symptoms in the process of disease development and treatment, which seriously affect the functional state and quality of life of patients. In China, comprehensive intervention measures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) play an indispensable role in the treatment and rehabilitation of CRC. In order to further standardize and improve the treatment and management of CRC by medical staff, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the “Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine” in August 2021. This paper interprets this consensus in detail from the perspective of nursing, focusing on the common understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC, TCM diagnosis and syndrome differentiation, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing, TCM characteristic therapies, etc., with a view to deepening the understanding and practical application of the consensus among clinical doctors and nurses and improving the level of diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of CRC.
Dredging hand Yang meridians with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement in stiff-neck syndrome
Authors: SUN Xueguo , QI Zonghua , LIU Ying , LI Yan , DOU Xianli , ZHANG Lingyun
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study is to observe the therapeutic effects of dredging hand Yang meridian with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement on stiff-neck syndrome.

Materials and Methods:

This is a randomized controlled trial. The consecutive patients with the stiff-neck syndrome were randomly allocated into the intervention group and patch group (1:1) according to the random number table. The intervention group was treated with dredging hand Yang meridian with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement once a day for 3 days, while the patch group therapy was treated with a 3-patch therapy and every patch included 24-h patch and 24-h patch-free. A needle electromyogram would be exerted if the patients were at their willingness in different stages. The pain of patients was assessed by Visual Analog Scale in the two groups at every 24 h time point.

Results:

Finally, 212 patients completed the trial, 106 in each group. The curative rate in the intervention group was higher than in the patch group (99.06% vs. 84.91%, χ
2 = 0.890, P < 0.01). Repeated measures of the general linear model showed a significant difference in pain score within the subject-factors (factor of time F = 4548.577, P < 0.001; factor of time-group F = 490.034, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between groups regarding pain score (F = 3016.315, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Dredging hand Yang meridian with deep tissue massage combined with neck movement is better than patch therapy in stiff-neck syndrome, with a shorter duration and instant effects.
Midwives' utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures for labor pain management
Authors: OJONG Idang Neji , NSEMO Alberta David , AGBA Mathias
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

This study sought to examine midwives' utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures in labor pain management and to test the relationship between midwives' knowledge and utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures for labor pain management in secondary health facility in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the study. The study was rooted in Katherine Kolcaba's Comfort theory. Totally, 67 participants were recruited for the study using the purposive sampling technique. A self-made structured questionnaire was used to obtain participants' information on knowledge, utilization, and predictors of nonpharmacological pain relief measures.

Results:

Although 41 (61.2%) of the participants had knowledge about nonpharmacological pain relief measures, few did not know some of the cognitive-behavioral and environmental measures in labor pain management. There was 35.8% (24/67) for utilization of cognitive-behavioral measures and 55.2% (37/67) for psychological/emotional measures for labor pain management by respondents, respectively. Fifty (74.6%) of respondents agreed that predictors such as lack of knowledge, lack of updates and training, work experience, best practice guidelines, and equipment were hindrances to utilization. There was statistically significance in relationship between the level of knowledge and utilization of nonpharmacological pain relief measures (r = 0.6, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The utilization of nonpharmacological measures for labor pain management is low, thus it is recommended that frequent education, training updates on effective labor pain management, provision of clinical guidelines on labor pain management, and enrichment of midwifery training curriculum are imperative to ensure quality labor pain management and positive health outcome.