bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersion properties of artifi cial topological insulators based on an infi nite double-periodic array of elliptical quartz elements
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NAS of Ukraine, Ivzhenko L. , Polevoy S. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NAS of Ukraine, Odarenko E. ,   Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Tarapov S. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NAS of Ukraine,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: September 2021

Subject and Purpose. Special features of all-dielectric electromagnetic analogues of topological insulators (TI) in the microwave range are considered, aiming at studying the influence of geometrical and constitutive parameters of TI elements on the dispersion properties of topological insulators based on a two-dimensional double-periodic array of dielectric elements. Methods and Methodology. The evaluation of dispersion properties and electromagnetic field spatial distribution patterns for topological insulators is performed using numerical simulation programs. Results. The electromagnetic analogue of a topological insulator based on a double-periodic array of elliptical quartz cylinders has been considered. By numerical simulation, it has been demonstrated that the electromagnetic properties of the structure are controllable by changing the quartz uniaxial anisotropy direction without any changes in other parameters. A combined topological insulator made up of two adjoining ones differing in shapes of their unit cells has been considered with the numerical demonstration that frequencies of surface states are controllable by choosing the quartz uniaxial anisotropy direction. It has been shown that it is at the interface of two different in shape unit cells that the electromagnetic field concentration at a surface state frequency takes place. Conclusion. A possibility has been demonstrated of controlling microwave electromagnetic properties of topological insulators by changing their geometric parameters and permittivity of the constituents. From a practical point of view, topological insulators can be used as components of microwave transmission lines and devices featuring very small propagation loss.
Optimal nonlinear fi ltering of stochastic processes in rescue radar
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics of NASU, Sytnik O.
Published: September 2021

Subject and Purpose. Smoke, fog, avalanches, debris of collapsed structures and other optically opaque obstacles in both natural and man-made disasters make optical sensors useless for detecting victims. Electromagnetic waves of the decimeter range penetrate well almost all obstacles, reflect from the trapped people and return to the radar receiver. Due to the breathing and heartbeat, the human-reflected sounding signals get the Doppler phase modulation, which is an information signal. These information signals and their properties provide the subject matter for the present research with the aim to create optimal methods and algorithms of random event processing for the prompt location of survivors by rescuers. Method and Methodology. The method of stochastic analysis of the fluctuation Doppler spectra of reflected sounding signals shows that the information signals have properties of conditional Markov processes. Results. The problem of optimal nonlinear filtering of conditional Markov processes entering the radar signal processing unit has been examined closely. An optimal adaptive filter has been proposed to reduce the masking effect of interferences caused by non-stationary noises and sounding signal reflections from stationary objects. The optimality criterion is the minimum mean square error function whose current value is evaluated in real time during the filtering process as the statistics is accumulated. The filter coefficients are calculated by the recurrent, steepest descent algorithm. The real-time work is carried out through the use of fast Fourier transform algorithms. Conclusion. The structure of the optimal adaptive filter to be built into the radar signal processing unit has been developed. Real radar signals have shown that the optimal filtering during the signal processing in systems designed for detecting live people by their breathing and heartbeat facilitates the interpretation of the observed signals. Some spectra of real signals generated by human breathing and heartbeat are presented.
Non-recombination injection mode
Authors:   Physical-Technical Institute of SPA “Physics-Sun”, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan, 100084, Tashkent, Chingiz Aytmatov str., 2B, Leyderman A.Yu. , Ayukhanov R.A. ,   Research Institute of Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronics under National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan, 100057, Tashkent, Yangi Olmazor str., 20, Turmanova R.M. ,   Research Institute of Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronics under National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Uzbekistan, 100057, Tashkent, Yangi Olmazor str., 20, Uteniyazov A.K. ,   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, 230012 Nukus, Abdirov str., 1, Esenbaeva E.S. ,   Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Uzbekistan, Republic of Karakalpakstan, 230012 Nukus, Abdirov str., 1
Published: September 2021

A new type of injection regime is considered – non-recombination one, which can be realized in the forward direction of the current in structures of the p-n-n+ type under conditions of opposite directions of ambipolar diffusion and drift of non-equilibrium carriers. This is possible only if the accumulation at the n-n+ junction is stronger than the injection through the p-n junction, i.e., the concentration of carriers at the boundary of the n-base with the n-n+ junction is higher than their concentration at the boundary of the n-base with the p-n junction. In this mode, the dependences of the current on the voltage of the type J ~ V, and then J ~ V2 appear. Experimentally, such a behavior of the current-voltage characteristic is observed for the Al–Al2O3–CdTe structure.
Influence of the reagents’ ratio on photoelectric and optical properties of perovskite films for photovoltaics
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kostylyov V.P. , Sachenko A.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sokolovskyi I.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Vlasiuk V.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Torchyniuk P.V. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 32/34, prospect Palladina, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, V’yunov O.I. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 32/34, prospect Palladina, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Belous A.G. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 32/34, prospect Palladina, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Shkrebtii A.I. ,   Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. N., Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
Published: September 2021

The properties of the synthesized films of organic-inorganic perovskites CH3NH3PbI3 obtained at various ratios of starting reagents (PbI2 and CH3NH3I) have been studied. As a solvent, we used chemically pure dried dimethylformamide (DMF). Organic-inorganic perovskites are promising for photovoltaic applications. It has been shown that regardless of the ratio of the starting reagents, single-phase perovskites are formed, at the same time the microstructure of the films changes significantly. It has been reported photoelectric and optical properties of synthesized films, namely: experimental and theoretical spectral dependences of the low-signal surface photovoltage and transmission. The band gap and the Urbach parameter dependence on the ratio of precursors were determined. It has been found that the materials’ band gap depends on the ratio of precursors and equals to 1.59, 1.62 and 1.57 eV, while the characteristic Urbach energy equals to 18, 19 and 22 meV for the PbI2:CH3NH3I films with PbI2 ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. It has been ascertained that the spectral dependences of the low-signal surface photovoltage are much more sensitive to the material microstructure and its electronic structure close to the absorption edge, while the optical transmission spectra are not so sensitive. The limiting value of the short-circuit current density for the films with different PbI2 and CH3NH3I ratios has been determined.
The approaches for localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength position tuning. Short review
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine, Demydov P.V. , Lopatynskyi A.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine,   Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine, Hudzenko І.І. ,   Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine, Chegel V.I. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine,   Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

A unique feature of nanoparticles made from highly conductive materials (plasmonic nanoparticles) is that their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength position can be tuned by changing the shape, size, composition and environment in accordance with the purpose of the application. In this paper, the main mechanisms of LSPR tuning that are available at the present time are reviewed. In particular, a widely used method for tuning the LSPR wavelength position is based on selecting the type of a plasmonic nanoparticle material such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum and gold-silver alloy. The examples of changing the resonance absorption position by using nanoparticles with different shapes and dimensions have been аlso demonstrated. Furthermore, works with less used LSPR tuning methods, such as controlled regulation of the distance between nanoparticles in one and two dimensions have been considered. The number of works is given, where the LSPR wavelength position can be also controlled by changing the environment in the vicinity of plasmonic nanoparticle: the substrate thickness, the thickness and dielectric parameters of the layer on the surface of the nanoparticle. Examples of active influence on the change in the wave position of LSPR by applying an electric potential and regulating plasma modes have been also discussed.
Hacia una historia socio-cultural de las emociones en tiempos de reconfiguración de la organización familiar a fines del siglo XIX en Argentina
Authors: Ghirardi Mónica
Published: September 2021

En este artículo proponemos una reflexión en torno a las transformaciones paulatinas de la emocionalidad en su interrelación con discursos y prácticas socio-culturales en el devenir histórico. Nos enfocamos en el universo de las emociones y la afectividad en su dimensión social y cultural y partimos de la convicción de la inexistencia de un régimen emocional único y permanente en el espacio y tiempo, o común a todo el espectro social. Situamos la lupa en Argentina en un momento de reconfiguración de las relaciones sociales y de la organización familiar, en el paso dinámico no lineal ni unidireccional, de una sociedad iberoamericana de cuño tradicional de Antiguo Régimen, hacia la emergencia del Estado-Nación. Y de la familia tradicional —abierta a la sociedad, débil emotividad y valores centrados en el nacimiento—, a la familia conyugal, doméstica y patriarcal, en tanto ser moral y círculo esencial de la sociedad civil. Las fuentes utilizadas consisten en repertorios epistolares; expedientes judiciales seculares y eclesiásticos; documentación notarial; tesis médicas; padrones y censos de población, así como textos normativos.
COVID-19 is in the air: Why are we still ignoring the importance of ventilation?
Authors: Rojas Nestor Y. , Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura A.
Published: September 2021

The main transmission mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is airborne, particularly in poorly ventilated indoor environments. Recognizing the importance of this mechanism has taken a long time, despite the evidence generated by aerosol scientists from an early stage of the pandemic. Hence, measures applied more widely by the population have focused on the disinfection of surfaces, often in an exaggerated way, while measures focused on reducing the concentration of aerosols in indoor environments, such as adequate ventilation and air filtration, have been timidly promoted. In addition to the progress of the National Vaccination Plan, it is necessary to intensify transmission prevention measures for a safer reopening of the economy. It is therefore urgent, to educate and generate clear guidelines for the evaluation and improvement of ventilation in indoor spaces.
A kognitív idegtudomány elmúlt 30 éve
Authors: Czigler István
Published: September 2021

A kognitív idegtudomány klasszikus területei közül a szerző összefoglalja az észlelés, figyelem, tanulás és emlékezés területének hazai idegtudományi vizsgálatait, főként az agyi elektromos működések módszerére koncentrálva. Külön területként mutatja be az öregedéssel kapcsolatos eredményeket.

Concentrating on electrophysiological studies the author reviews Hungarian neuroscience research on the fields of perception, attention, learning and memory. As a specific topic, he reviews results on human aging.
Thomas Hatsis, The Witches’ Ointment: The Secret History of Psychedelic Magic; Psychedelic Mystery Traditions: Spirit Plants, Magical Practices, Ecstatic States
Authors: Clifton Chas S.
Published: September 2021

Thomas Hatsis, The Witches’ Ointment: The Secret History of Psychedelic Magic (Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions 2015), 304 pp., $19.95 paper; Psychedelic Mystery Traditions: Spirit Plants, Magical Practices, Ecstatic States (Rochester, Vt.: Inner Traditions, 2018), 288 pp., B&W illustrations, $19.99 softcover.
Who Is, and Who Is Not a Pagan? Struggles in Defining Contemporary Paganism
Authors: Horák Pavel
Published: September 2021

The article deals with Pagan studies’ attempts to define contemporary Paganism and claims that definition-building is not a fruitful way of getting to a better understanding of the phenomenon. The article (i) introduces the ways that Pagan studies have tacked the issue of defining contemporary Paganism, (ii) providing particular examples, and (iii) scrutinizing them with a help of classificatory and referential optics. Some scholars in the field have suggested employing family resemblance and polythetic definition for solving the definitional issues. The article (iv) analyzes these propositions and argues why these proposals are not feasible ways of conducting the inquiry. Instead, (v) it proposes a completely different research approach: to formulate a hypothesis, pick a point of reference of contemporary Paganism and test its self-representation against the hypothesis, together with scrutinizing the history of Paganism conceptualizations during the centuries to find out how much these conceptualizations influence our present inquiries and insider self-representations.
Modelos de ocupación territorial en el valle del Queiles: el territorio de «Kaskaita / Cascantum» entre los siglos III a. C. y III d. C.
Authors: Gómara-Miramón Marta , Bonilla-Santander Óscar , Rojas-Pascual Enrique
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo abordamos el estudio del paisaje rural del valle del Queiles en la Antigüedad centrándonos en el modelo de organización territorial desde la II Edad del Hierro al siglo III d. C. La metodología se centra en la revisión de los datos arqueológicos e históricos que permiten construir un discurso diacrónico acerca de la evolución del poblamiento y la explotación económica del territorio. El estudio permite plantear la transformación del territorio en un marco de cambio y conflicto que configura tres paisajes diferenciados: un primer paisaje escasamente poblado y atomizado en pequeños castros en la II Edad del Hierro; un segundo paisaje en época romano republicana caracterizado por la existencia de pequeños asentamientos y los oppida Kaiskata y Turiazu que jerarquizan y aglutinan la mayor parte de la población; y un tercer paisaje en época del Principado, densamente poblado por decenas de unidades rurales y organizado en torno a los municipios romanos de Cascantum y Turiaso.
A Conflict of Fineness and Stability: Platinum- and Palladium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses for Jewellery: Part II
Authors: Houghton* O. S. , Greer A. L.
Published: September 2021

The properties and glass-forming ability (GFA) of platinum- and palladium-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) for jewellery were introduced in Part I of this two-part review (). Here, we will describe methods for their processing, tarnishing and corrosion resistance and consider their prospects and future developments.
The influence of informativeness on the prosody of sentence topics
Authors: Baumann Stefan , Mertens Jane , Kalbertodt Janina
Published: September 2021

In a production experiment on German we investigated the prosodic effects of informativeness (comprising information status and contrast) on sentence-initial referents, i.e. sentence topics. While referents in sentence-final position usually receive the nuclear accent of the utterance, commonly defined as the last and information-structurally crucial pitch accent in an intonation unit, sentence topics in German often carry a prenuclear accent. However, the status of prenuclear accents is still unclear: are they just “ornamental” or do they express meaning differences? We expected to find a direct relationship between the informativeness of a sentence topic and its prosodic prominence but the hypothesis could only be confirmed to a very limited extent. Results show that informativeness does not affect the accent type of sentence-initial referents, as they are consistently marked by rising prenuclear accents, even on given items. Only the parameter duration shows a main effect of informativeness in the expected direction, since contrastive referents proved to be longer than given ones. In general, and surprisingly, however, contrastive topics are mostly produced as prosodically less prominent than non-contrastive items that are either given, accessible or new. An explanation that holds for our data set may be that the contrast is already expressed by a parallel syntactic structure, which speakers often realize prosodically by a flat hat pattern. We conclude that prenuclear accents on sentence- initial referents are consistently placed for rhythmic reasons in German and that their prosodic form is only slightly influenced by a referent’s level of informativeness.
SOME PROBLEMS IN TRAINING FUTURE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev, Kazieva Gulzat , Uzakova Magira ,   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev
Published: September 2021

Electronic (Internet) communication in the era of globalization, in other words, the possibilities of digital technology. The use of digital technology in higher education. The significance of the subject of mathematics in the direction of “Pedagogy” in the training of specialists in the field of “Primary Education” in the formation of their worldview has the goal of mathematical education. The mathematical disciplines indicated in the curriculum and their contents. It is about the forms of training, the technologies used in teaching, self-lending policy, the implementation of distance learning and the training workload for obtaining qualifications in the profile "Primary Education" of a bachelor student.
LILLIAN HELLMAN AND THE SOVIET THEATER
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shcherbinina Olga I.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the contacts of the American playwright Lillian Hellman with the Soviet theatrical world. It focuses on Soviet productions of her plays, recollections of actors involved in those productions, critics’ reviews of the premieres. Hellman’s more than 20-year career in the USSR helps to trace back the changes of Soviet cultural and ideological agenda. Acting as a cultural emissary during the Second World War, Hellman visited Moscow where she was greeted as a dear guest, and her plays were staged by two lar­gest Moscow theaters. With the beginning of the Cold War, her dramas The Little Foxes and Watch on the Rhine disappeared from the repertoire. Surprisingly, Hellman’s play with a conspicuously Western title Ladies and Gentlemen circumvented theatrical censorship amid an anti-American propaganda campaign, although the production received negative reviews from magazine critics. In the 1960s Hellman returns to Moscow again, where she meets Raisa Orlova and Lev Kopelev. Cultural and political landscape of that period was deeply influenced by struggles of the dissident movement, which Hellman deeply sympathized with. She considered Kopelev and Orlova to be people of remarkable courage and integrity since they refused to leave their native Russia despite the risk of being imprisoned and persecuted. That is why the case of Anatoly Kuznetsov who fled to the UK from the USSR infuriated Hellman who publicly disapproved his decision to flee. Hellman wrote and spoke about dissidents back at home in the United States, and she continued to correspond with Orlova almost until her death in 1984. Thus, Hellman’s creative biography represents the trajectory of defecting from the ranks of Soviet sympathizers: starting her career as a pro-Stalinist, she subsequently refused to support Soviet socialism.
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF NAMES OF MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN THE KOMI-PERMYAK LANGUAGE
Authors:   Perm State University, Shkuratok Iuliia A. , Krotova-Garina Anastasiia V. ,   Perm State University
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the names of mythological creatures in the Komi-Permyak language. We identified and analyzed almost 300 names of mythological beings gathered from various sources such as field notes, archival materials, articles, and publications. The vocabulary analyzed in the article is not homogenous. We divided it into groups in accordance with the source language; words formed in the Komi-Permyak language were further classified into subgroups according to the motivation. Substantial part of the lexis comes from the Russian language. These borrowed words are used to denominate creatures that have analogues in Russian folklore (домовöй, баннöй бес, водянöй, дошлöй, лешöй, нечистöй, колдун/ковдун, колдуння/ковдуння, суседко/суседку). In some cases, semantic changes are observed, new meanings are acquired. The second group of the lexis is comprised of the names of Komi-Permyak origin with the following meanings: “place of habitat” (ва олiсь ‘dweller of the water’, джоджулiсь ‘dweller of the underground’, баня чуд ‘banya spirit’, кузнеча чуд ‘spirit of a smithy’, öшымöс чуд ‘spirit living in a well’, вöрись ‘spirit of the forest’, вöрись дядь / вöрдядь ‘forest uncle’); “appearance” (кузь дядя ‘tall uncle’, ыджыт дядя ‘big tall uncle’, ыджыт морт ‘big tall man’, чочком морт ‘white man’, кöспель ‘having dry ears’), “time of appearing before others” (луншöрика/вуншöрика ‘midday spirit of fields and meadows’, лун/вун ‘day’, шöр ‘mid’); “action” (ворожитчись ‘diviner’, лечитчись ‘healer’, ‘witch doctor’, шопкись ‘whispering’, тöдiсь ‘knowing’, тшыкöтчись/тшыкöтiсь ‘spoiling’). The third group of words includes non-derivatives or/and names with 'obscure' etymology (абач ‘domestic goblin’, боболь ‘spirit for frightening the children’, калян ‘demon’, куль ‘devil, evil spirit’). The presence of this group is largely due to the de-etymologization process in the modern language. These being the key points, we observe heterogeneity of the names of Komi-Permyak mythological beings, reflecting the history of interactions between Russian and Komi-Permyak people.
Styles of business communication: space of activity and individual professional realization. Part 2
Authors:   Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics of MIREA – Russian Technological University, Vilches-Nogerol Veronika V. , Sizova Larisa A. ,   Scientific Research Institute – Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after prof. S.V. Ochapovsky, Chumakova Olga V. ,   Penal Colony No. 2 of the Department of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Moscow region
Published: September 2021

The research deals with styles of business communication, which appears to be a topical issue nowadays. Its topicality correlates with the current needs and trends in the sphere of professional activity: in personnel selection the focus is on the ability to solve specific problems, not just on the profession; orientation is not towards an individual person but towards joint activity in a unique environment; there is an emphasis on complex assessment and employment of the resources, not of separate qualities of a person, etc. The purpose of the present study is a comparative analysis of business communication styles in the samples of penal colony employees, hospital nurses and managers. The subject of research is business communication styles of persons engaged in socionomic professions. Hypotheses of the study are as follows: 1) Styles of business communication are determined by the conditions of the environment; 2) In each particular environment, there are assumed to be some style niches, within the boundaries of which a person chooses certain patterns of behavior. Research methods: expert survey, psychodiagnostics (test questionnaires «Coping behavior in stressful situations» and «Questionnaire for ways of coping» by T. Kryukova, test questionnaires 16–PF by R.B. Cattell, questionnaire «Level of subjective control»); research technique — questionnaire «Styles of business communication» by V.A. Tolochek. In this article, we consider the results of t-comparison and correlation analysis obtained with the help of the research questionnaire. The results confirm the working hypotheses.
Influence of marriage on mental health: sociological studies review
Authors:   Perm State University, Gordeeva Svetlana S.
Published: September 2021

The author substantiates the importance of sociological analysis of mental health factors in modern conditions through the example of married couples. The paper reveals the essence of sociological concepts (theory of stress, structural strain theory, stigma theory) in the study of mental health and factors that determine it. It is established that the theory of stress considers an individual’s current state of life and negative life events to be factors determining mental health. It also indicates high risks of mental illness in groups with a low socioeconomic status. The representatives of the structural strain theory qualify weak social support for others and weak individual control over life circumstances, along with unfavorable organization of social space, as significant factors in the deterioration of mental health. It is noted that, according to the stigma theory, mentally unhealthy people become victims of stigma since others identify them as deviants, expecting corresponding behavior. Based on the analysis of a number of studies, a conclusion is drawn about the effect of marriage on mental health indicators, regardless of gender. It is revealed that some researchers point to improvement in mental health in a short term, while others do not show such dependence at all. The key role of «quality of marriage» and spouses’ satisfaction with marriage in the formation and strengthening of their mental health is noted.
The theses of Ilyenkov and Korovikov revisited, or what’s the use of the polemic between «gnoseologists» and «ontologists»
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Shreiber Viktor K.
Published: September 2021

Ilyenkov and Korovikov presented their sensational theses on the subject of philosophy long before the Khrushchev Thaw. Although the authors of the theses were ostracized, Ilyenkov became the founder of the so-called «gnoseologism», and the dispute between «gnoseologists» and «ontologists» occupied the minds of leading theorists in the field of dialectical materialism for two decades. The point is that both parties considered themselves authentic spokesmen for Engels’s position. However, a close scrutiny of his construction of the «great basic question of all philosophy» shows one-sidedness of both approaches. Additional evidence in favor of the mutual but hidden relationship of the ontological and the epistemological in philosophical disputes can be obtained through analyzing the evolution of the idea of substance from Milesians to Parmenides. The concept of being, introduced by the head of the Elean school, had the distinction between knowledge-in-opinion and knowledge-in-truth as its premise. In the fourth section of the article, the author proposes that philosophy has its own empirical basis and tries to show it with the help of Engels’s description of pre-reflective ideas about the soul-and-body relationship. It is observed that in this thinking Engels opted for the phenomenological manner. This approach gets its development in the section «How is the basic question of philosophy possible». Here the author argues that such a question exists and its current form is the relationship of the subjective and the objective. This conclusion is supported, firstly, by peculiarities of the philosophical question as such, analysis of which was performed by Floridi. Another thought-provoking point is Russell’s proposal to differentiate between questions of philosophy and questions posed by philosophers. Finally, the article discusses the importance of the polemic under study for clarifying the structure of the worldview.
"CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS" AND "CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIA" DISCOURSES IN THE DIGITAL POLITICAL AGENDA OF 2020: AGITATION VS INHIBITION IN THE STATE MEDIA
Authors:   Kuban State University, Ryabchenko Nataliya , Malisheva Olga ,   Kuban State University, Miroshnichenko Inna ,   Kuban State University
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of a large-scale applied study of “Constitutional Amendments” and “Coronavirus Pandemic” discourses as a part of the digital political agenda formed by the state media in 2020. The empirical dataset comprises an array of network data collected by the continuous sampling of news articles published by Interfax, RIA Novosti and TASS agencies on their official websites in 2020 within the March-September period.The obtained data was subjected to network analysis, visual analysis and linguo-discursive analysis. It allowed the authors to identify the dominant topics in the digital agenda created by the state media, determine the techniques used to form and manage the digital political agenda in the online space and assess their effectiveness. The article concludes by the description of the identified features, strategies and techniques used for shaping, maintaining and managing the digital political agenda by the state media regarding the analyzed discourses – "Constitutional Amendments" and "Coronavirus Pandemic". The authors infer that the strategy of pragmatic modeling was used for online agitation with the aim of ideological mobilization of citizens. Оnline-informing strategy was used to neutralize panic sentiment among citizens and form constructive civic behavioral patterns in the context of a pandemic and an internal lockdown.
CITY OF YEKATERINBURG AS A GLOBAL ACTOR IN THE MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Ural Federal University the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Zolotarev Fedor
Published: September 2021

The research aims to study a city as an actor in international relations. A city used to be seen as an object by researchers through the theories of paradiplomacy, global cities, and new regionalism. The research goal is to show that the city has the potential and resources for being an independent participant of international relations. To explain this process, the concept of actorness is used. The variety of approaches is shown to represent actorness as an attribute of an independent participant of international relations. Due to the absence of a universal set of parameters for the city's actorness, a new model with such factors as identity, practical goal-setting, recognition, and facts of activity, is proposed. City’s actorness is considered in detail on the example of Yekaterinburg, which has implemented it in its international practices. The research base covers documents of the city council of Yekaterinburg and its departments, news reports on the city's international activities and international events, interviews with former representatives and employees of the city administration. The conclusion was made about the evolution of the city's international activities, which, while maintaining limited autonomy, is subject to close collaboration with the Sverdlovsk region.
FEATURES OF POLITICAL MOBILIZATION OF CITIZENS IN PROTEST IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Yaroslavl State University named after P. G. Demidov, Sokolov Aleksandr , Palagicheva Asya ,   Yaroslavl State University named after P. G. Demidov
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the concept of political demobilization of citizens. The weakening of citizen participation in protests is regulated through political demobilization, which divides and reduces the ability of social movements to develop. The processes of demobilization in modern Russia are most clearly reflected in the conflict between the participants of collective actions and the authorities. The applied mechanisms of demobilization have an impact on the political behavior of citizens, the development of civil activity in general, as well as on the further interaction between the government and society.Based on the data of an empirical study conducted by a survey of experts in the subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2014-2020, as well as the analysis of a number of protest campaigns by the case study method, the impact of demobilization measures on civil activity, the system of interaction between the authorities and society, and the reaction of citizens to the demobilization actions of the authorities is revealed.The increase in mobilization processes in 2020 indicates the existing imbalance in public relations. The increased intensity of the implementation of measures to counter protest activity leads to radicalization of online activity, the growth of apathy and social tension offline.
Factors Influencing Reversion to Normal Cognition and Progression to Dementia in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Eom Sujin , Ha Ju-Young
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting reversion to normal cognition and progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after 2 years.Methods: We analyzed data from the 6th and 7th “Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA)”. A total of 773 participants aged 65 years and above classified as having MCI according to the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination in the 6th survey were included in the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software using x2 test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Of all the participants, 30.5% reverted to normal cognition, 48.5% remained with MCI, and 21.0% progressed to dementia. Factors such as young age (odds ratio [OR]=0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94~0.99), the absence of diabetes (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.01~2.19), and frequent neighbor networks “at least once or twice a month” (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.26~4.37), and “at least once a week” (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.03~2.56) compared to “never or less than 6 times a year” significantly associated with reversion to normal cognition. Meanwhile, factors such as old age (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05~1.12), low level of perceived socioeconomic status (reference. above middle) (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.05~2.41), low levels of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.05~1.32), and a small number of social activities (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.51~0.96) significantly associated with dementia progression.Conclusion: The study indicates the necessity of follow-up research for developing interventions that could aid individuals in reverting to normal cognitive function by managing diabetes or encouraging interaction with neighbors and preventing the progression to dementia by improving Instrumental Activities of Daily Living levels or encouraging participation in social activities.
Performance Optimisation of Coal-fired Boiler Control using Flownex® Simulation Environment and AI
Authors: van der Westhuizen L. , Gorlach I.A.
Published: September 2021

The inherent variability of renewable energy sources, pump storage plants and combined cycle gas turbines implies that coal-fired plants designed for continuous base load generation in South Africa must now be used for variable load. This has a negative effect on the overall efficiency and life expectancy of these plants. The challenge is, therefore, to balance the network demands with the power station operation, its thermal efficiency, availability and extended plant life expectancy. The focus of the current research is to monitor and optimise the efficiency of the boiler operation and control through modelling of the boiler subsystems during transient states. Flownex® Simulation Environment was used to model a generic boiler and a boiler control system in order to simulate thermo-fluid processes and critical boiler controllers. The developed model was evaluated based on plant data and optimised afterwards by means of PID controllers and Machine Learning algorithms. The process parameters obtained from the Machine Learning algorithms outperform that of the PID controllers for the selected controllers, such as: boiler load control and steam pressure control.
Performance Enhancement of an Induced Draught Axial Flow Fan Through Pressure Recovery
Authors: Bekker G.M. , Meyer C.J. , van der Spuy S.J.
Published: September 2021

This study illustrates that downstream diffusers can significantly aid the performance of an induced draught axial flow fan. Two conical diffusers of length 0.2 and 0.4 times the fan diameter and an annular diffuser with a length equal to the fan diameter are tested. At the design flow rate of the fan, the short conical diffuser increases the available static pressure by 17.6% and the static efficiency by 8.9 %. The medium-length conical diffuser increases it by 21.9 % and 11.7 %, respectively. The long annular diffuser produces a 28.2 % pressure increase and a 14.2% efficiency increase. The paper also compares the obtained pressure recovery coefficients of the different discharge diffusers using two-dimensional axisymmetric and three-dimensional computations. It shows that the pressure at the outlet of the fan cannot be assumed to be equal to atmospheric pressure, as is prescribed by the fan testing standards. A new method of measuring pressure recovery from two-dimensional computations is proposed.
Developing a Distance Education Self-Efficacy Belief Scale: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: ALTUNÇEKİÇ Alper
Published: September 2021

In this research, a measurement tool was developed to determine the self-efficacy belief levels of university students towards distance education. The study group consists of 438 university students (297 women, 141 men) who continue their education activities with distance education in the 2021-2022 academic year. The scale development process has progressed according to the steps in the scale development stages. Various statistical analyses were conducted to provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the Distance Education Self-Efficacy Belief Scale. It was aimed to create evidence for the construct validity of the scale by making Exploratory Factor Analysis. Since there was no repetition of the developed scale, only Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed. As a result of factor analysis, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale was calculated as .92. This coefficient is the proof that the developed scale can measure the measurement process consistently. In addition, the fact that the scale items regarding the item-total correlation values have values between .45 and .71 is an indication that the scale has the ability to measure the features desired to be measured, in short, it serves the purpose of its development. Findings from the scale show that the scale can be used to determine distance education self-efficacy belief levels.
Developing a guiding model of educational leadership in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A grounded theory study
Authors: YOKUŞ Gürol
Published: September 2021

This research aims to explore educational leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of higher education students and to develop a guiding model of educational leadership for ‘new normal’ with the novel emerging components. This research is conducted using grounded theory method and social network analysis. The first study group includes 32 participants, second study group includes another 26 participants, and final group includes 12 participants. Participants in all groups are university students studying in a higher education institution in Turkey. Written documents, personal interviews and group discussion are used for data collection. Based on analysis, a guiding model is developed which illustrates the concept of educational leadership for the new normal, which is composed of “networking, enhancing educational practices, calmness & compassion, analytical & strategical thinking, and transparency”. Also, the social network analysis shows that “encouraging online communities, promoting social interaction, creating a safe and inclusive learning environment, providing learning resources, leading under pressure, emphasizing optimism, making data-driven decisions” are cornerstones in terms of educational leadership for the new normal. In addition to those substantially noted key concepts, some higher education students also seem to be in need of some other aspects of educational leadership such as inspiration for learning, open dialogue, risk planning and leveraging capacity of community. The participants also indicate that successful educational leadership is about understanding others’ perspectives, rather than sticking to leader’s perspective.
Preservice Teachers' Material Preparation Knowledge and Points to be considered While Developing the Material
Authors: ÇENBERCİ Selin
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to analyze knowledge of preservice teachers on material preparation process for mathematics lesson and their opinions about the points to be considered while developing material. In this context, in addition, it was intended to determine the preservice teachers' differences to use their knowledge on material preparation while developing materials in the course. To that end, 39 preservice teachers in total who studied in Elementary and Secondary School Mathematics Teaching Program at a state university in Southern Anatolia Region in the Fall semester of 2019-2020 academic year and who received "Instructional Technologies" and "Material Design in Mathematics Teaching lessons" were addressed two different open-ended questions in writing. Data obtained as a result of the applications performed were analyzed through content analysis. At this stage, the number of answers given by the students to the open-ended questions was determined and thus qualitative data were quantified. Then, frequency analysis and categorical analysis methods were noted in quantified data. At the end of the study, preservice mathematics teachers’ both knowledge on material preparation process and points to be considered while developing material were gathered under three different sub-themes which are material use, content/design, and student. However, it was observed that preservice teachers focused mostly on content/design of the material among these sub-themes. It was found that priority order for the sub-themes material use and student varied when looked both at knowledge on material preparation process and points that should be taken into account during material developing. It is seen that there are some differences in the priorities of the use of pre-service mathematics teachers' knowledge on material preparation while developing materials.
Microfluidics 4: PDMS Chip Soft Lithography v3
Authors: Sevli Serhat , C. Yunus Sahan not provided
Published: September 2021

Microfluidics materials are of various types and application-specific. PDMS is one of the most preferred and cost-effective solutions for research and low-volume manufacturing. After having the mold, PDMS replicas are generated by a technique called soft-lithography. This protocol describes the preparation of PDMS microchannels using SU8 molds, 3D Printed resin molds, and/or metal molds by the soft lithography technique, SLA printing, or CNC machining.
Using LoRa Networks in Automatic Band Dendrometer
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Bezborodov Yuri N.
Published: September 2021

This article describes the experience of using wireless LoRa data transfer in an automatic band dendrometer, developed by the author early [1]. Previously was developed an automatic band dendrometer with web data storage, we provided information about the process of creating the device and the result of its testing. As the result of the tests, the necessary improvements were formulated, one of which was the need to use a network of several sensors located in one area for measurements and transmit their measurements wirelessly to a central data logger for processing and transmission to the web server. Thus, it became necessary to select and implement an energy-saving data exchange protocol with a sufficient range and reliable performance in a taiga