bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Catalysis of an Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Rhodium‐Modified Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Himiyama Tomoki , Waki Minoru , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Inagaki Shinji
Published: April 2019

The combined use of a metal‐complex catalyst and an enzyme is attractive, but typically results in mutual inactivation. A rhodium (Rh) complex immobilized in a bipyridine‐based periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPy‐PMO) shows high catalytic activity during transfer hydrogenation, even in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), while a homogeneous Rh complex exhibits reduced activity due to direct interaction with BSA. The use of a smaller protein or an amino acid revealed a clear size‐sieving effect of the BPy‐PMO that protected the Rh catalyst from direct interactions. A combination of Rh‐immobilized BPy‐PMO and an enzyme (horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase; HLADH) promoted sequential reactions involving the transfer hydrogenation of NAD+ to give NADH followed by the asymmetric hydrogenation of 4‐phenyl‐2‐butanone with high enantioselectivity. The use of BPy‐PMO as a support for metal complexes could be applied to other systems consisting of a metal‐complex catalyst and an enzyme.
Effects of Molecular Structure on the Physical, Chemical, and Electrical Properties of Ester‐Based Transformer Insulating Liquids
Authors: Raof Nurliyana Abdul , Yunus Robiah , Rashid Umer , Azis Norhafiz , Yaakub Zaini
Published: April 2019

This article presents the experimental studies carried out on the environmental friendly polyol ester insulating liquids to investigate the effect of molecular structure on the physical, chemical, and electrical properties. Six different polyol esters that can be produced from the transesterification of various methyl esters with neopentylglycol/trimethylolpropane alcohols were synthesized and compared with those of refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) and mineral transformer oil. The finding suggests that the physical properties like fire point, pour point, and viscosity are very much affected by the molecular weight and molecular composition of the polyol esters. The electrical properties are also highly influenced by the molecular structure‐related characteristics, such as the polarity, dipole polarization, carbon chain length, and degree of branching. The results confirm the findings of previous studies that the polyol esters and RBDPO have more polarity and dipole polarization compared to mineral oil. The experimental evidence showed that the newly synthesized insulating liquids have favorable thermal and electrical properties, thus suggesting that the insulating liquids have the potential to replace conventional insulating liquids to provide a more sustainable power system in the future.
Revisiting Perioperative Hair Removal Practices
Authors: Edmiston Charles E. , Leaper David J. , Barnes Sue , Johnson Helen Boehm , Barnden Marsha , Paulson Marie H. , Wolfe Jacob L. , Truitt Karen
Published: April 2019

The standard of practice for perioperative hair removal is largely based on research that is outdated and underpowered. Although there is evidence to support the practice of clipping instead of shaving, current recommendations are to remove hair only when absolutely necessary. Human hair is bacteria‐laden and challenging to disinfect, and clipping can be a safe method of hair removal that does not damage the skin. This article considers the removal of hair at the incision site with clippers, either before the patient enters the OR or in a manner that completely contains clipped hair, for every procedure, not just when absolutely necessary. There have been only two studies to date comparing clipping with no hair removal; more research is needed on this subject.
Novel calcitriol analogue with an oxolane group: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies
Authors: Obiol Diego J. , Martínez Andrea , Ferronato María J. , Quevedo Mario A. , Grioli Silvina M. , Alonso Eliana N. , Gómez Generosa , Fall Yagamare , Facchinetti María M. , Curino Alejandro C.
Published: April 2019

The active form of vitamin D3, calcitriol, is a potent antiproliferative compound. However, when effective antitumor doses of calcitriol are used, hypercalcemic effects are observed, thus blocking its therapeutic application. To overcome this problem, structural analogues have been designed with the aim of retaining or even increasing the antitumor effects while decreasing its calcemic activity. This report aims at gaining insights into the structure–activity relationships of the novel oxolane‐containing analogue, AM‐27, recently synthesized. We herein demonstrate that this compound has antiproliferative and antimigratory effects in squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and breast cancer cell lines. Analyses of the mechanisms underlying the AM‐27 effects on cell viability revealed induction of apoptosis by the analogue. Importantly, nonmalignant cell lines were little or not affected by the compound. In addition, the analogue did not produce hypercalcemia in mice. Also, in silico studies involving docking and molecular dynamics techniques showed that AM‐27 is able to bind to the human vitamin D receptor with a higher affinity than the natural ligand calcitriol, a feature that is mostly derived from an electrostatic interaction pattern. Altogether, the proapoptotic effect observed in cancer cells, the lack of calcemic activity in mice, and the differential effects in normal cells suggest the potential of AM‐27 as a therapeutic compound for cancer treatment.
Synthesis, docking studies, and pharmacological evaluation of 5HT2C ligands containing the N′‐cyanoisonicotinamidine or N′‐cyanopicolinamidine nucleus
Authors: Magli Elisa , Kędzierska Ewa , Kaczor Agnieszka A. , Severino Beatrice , Corvino Angela , Perissutti Elisa , Frecentese Francesco , Saccone Irene , Massarelli Paola , Gibuła‐Tarłowska Ewa , Kotlińska Jolanta H. , Santagada Vincenzo , Caliendo Giuseppe , Fiorino Ferdinando
Published: April 2019

N′‐Cyanoisonicotinamidine and N′‐cyanopicolinamidine derivatives, linked to an arylpiperazine moiety, were prepared and their affinities to the 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A, and 5‐HT2C receptors were evaluated. Several of the newly synthesized compounds, tested by binding studies, showed nanomolar affinity at the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2C receptors and moderate or no affinity for other relevant receptors (D1, D2, α1, and α2). Compound 8e (Ki = 21.4 nM) was the most affine for the 5‐HT2C receptor, showing, at the same time, a high selectivity with respect to the other receptors analyzed. Compounds 4a and 4c, instead, showed an interesting mixed 5‐HT1A/5‐HT2C activity with Ki values of 21.3/11.5 and 23.2/6.48 nM, respectively. The compounds with better affinity and selectivity binding profiles toward 5‐HT2C (4a, 4c, 8b, and 8e) were selected for further in vivo assays to determine their functional activity. Finally, to rationalize the obtained results, molecular docking studies were performed. The results of the pharmacological studies showed that compounds 4a, 8b, and 8e exerted antidepressant‐like effects and 4a and 8e revealed also significant anxiolytic properties. Among the developed derivatives, the most promising compound seems to be 4a, which displayed antipsychotic‐, antidepressant‐ and anxiolytic‐like properties. No side effects, like catalepsy, motor‐impairment or ethanol‐potentiating effects, were observed after the injection of the tested compounds.
Cumulative Risk of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Interacts with Prenatal Exposure to Oxytocin Receptor Antagonist to Predict Children's Social Communication Development
Authors: Friedlander Edwa , Yirmiya Nurit , Laiba Efrat , Harel‐Gadassi Ayelet , Yaari Maya , Feldstein Ohad , Mankuta David , Israel Salomon
Published: April 2019

Compelling evidence for the far‐reaching role of oxytocin (OT) in social cognition and affiliative behaviors set the basis for examining the association between genetic variation in the OT receptor (OXTR) gene and risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the current study, gene–environment interaction between OXTR and prenatal exposure to either OT or OXTR antagonist (OXTRA) in predicting early social communication development was examined. One hundred and fifty‐three children (age: M = 4.32, SD = 1.07) were assigned to four groups based on prenatal history: children whose mothers prenatally received OXTRA and Nifedipine to delay preterm labor (n = 27); children whose mothers received Nifedipine only to delay preterm labor (n = 35); children whose mothers received OT for labor augmentation (n = 56), and a no intervention group (n = 35). Participants completed a developmental assessment of intelligence quotient (IQ), adaptive behavior, and social communication abilities. DNA was extracted via buccal swab. A genetic risk score was calculated based on four OXTR single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs53576, rs237887, rs1042778, and rs2254298) previously reported to be associated with ASD symptomatology. OXTRrisk‐allele dosage was associated with more severe autism diagnostics observation schedule (ADOS) scores only in the OXTRA group. In contrast, in the Nifedipine, OT, and no intervention groups, OXTRrisk‐allele dosage was not associated with children's ADOS scores. These findings highlight the importance of both genetic and environmental pathways of OT in signaling early social development and raise the need for further research in this field. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1087–1100. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

In the current study, we examined if the association between prenatal exposure to an oxytocin receptor antagonist (OXTRA) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) related impairments are dependent on an individual's genetic background for the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Children who carried a greater number of risk alleles for the OXTR gene and whose mothers received OXTRA to delay preterm labor showed more ASD‐related impairments. The results highlight the importance of both genetic and environmental pathways of oxytocin in shaping early social development.
UV light‐tunable fluorescent inks and polymer hydrogel films based on carbon nanodots and lanthanide for enhancing anti‐counterfeiting
Authors: Chen Bing , Xie Houpeng , Wang Sui , Guo Zhiyong , Hu Yufang , Xie Hongzhen
Published: April 2019

Novel water‐soluble green fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNs) using methacrylic acid and m‐phenylenediamine as precursors were first synthesized using a one‐pot hydrothermal method. Red fluorescent lanthanide complexes were prepared using lanthanide ion Eu3+ and pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid. The optical properties of CNs were characterized using ultraviolet visible (UV) spectra and fluorescence spectra, microscopic morphology was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the elemental composition was characterized using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The fluorescence spectra of the lanthanide complexes were also measured. A simple strategy was developed to prepare UV light‐tunable fluorescent inks and polymer hydrogels films based on CNs and lanthanide complexes. The fluorescent inks and polymer hydrogels films could be repeatedly switched between green and red fluorescence. The change of color depended on luminescence of the CNs and the lanthanide complexes under 254 and 365 nm UV light, respectively. The UV light‐tunable fluorescent inks and polymer hydrogels films could enhance its anti‐counterfeiting function for data and information.
Shape‐controlled Electrodeposition of Standing Pt Nanoplates on Gold Substrates as a Sensor Platform for Nitrite Ions
Authors: Ahn Sejin , Manivannan Shanmugam , Seo Yeji , Kim Kyuwon
Published: April 2019

Electrochemically deposited standing platinum (Pt) nanoplates were fabricated on gold (Au) substrate assisted by the amine functionalized silane and L‐glutamic acid (LG) as nucleating and structure directing agents, respectively. Various win over factors responsible for the electrodeposition of the Pt nanoplates was methodologically analyzed. The treatment time with the thiol functionalized silane (M) and the role of LG were found to be decisive for the demonstration of Pt nanoplates display at the Au substrate. Plausible growth mechanism was proposed for the vertical growth and random orientation of the Pt nanoplates. Constructed Pt nanoplates displayed substrate were applied as a sensor platform toward the nitrite ion detection; improved performance was noted than that of the controlled experiments. Furthermore, sensor platform had exhibited recent selectivity toward the nitrite ions from the mixture of possible interferences.
A Photoswitchable Trivalent Cluster Mannoside to Probe the Effects of Ligand Orientation in Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Despras Guillaume , Möckl Leonhard , Heitmann Anne , Stamer Insa , Bräuchle Christoph , Lindhorst Thisbe K.
Published: April 2019

We have recently demonstrated, by employing azobenzene glycosides, that bacterial adhesion to surfaces can be switched through reversible reorientation of the carbohydrate ligands. To investigate this phenomenon further, we have turned here to more complex—that is, multivalent—azobenzene glycoclusters. We report on the synthesis of a photosensitive trivalent cluster mannoside conjugated to an azobenzene hinge at the focal point. Molecular dynamics studies suggested that this cluster mannoside, despite the conformational flexibility of the azobenzene‐glycocluster linkage, offers the potential for reversibly changing the glycocluster's orientation on a surface. Next, the photoswitchable glycocluster was attached to human cells, and adhesion assays with type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli bacteria were performed. They showed marked differences in bacterial adhesion, dependent on the light‐induced reorientation of the glycocluster moiety. These results further underline the importance of orientational effects in carbohydrate recognition and likewise the value of photoswitchable glycoconjugates for their study.
Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention failure: Learning from failure
Authors: Karatasakis Aris , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: April 2019

Key Points

Experienced operators can achieve high success rates in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention.

Complications remain an important cause of chronic total occlusion intervention failure. Every effort should be made to prevent them and treat them appropriately should they occur.

The most common failure mechanism for antegrade cases is failure to cross the occlusion with a guidewire. For retrograde cases the causes of failure are inability to cross the collateral (one third), inability to perform reverse CART (one third), and inability to cross with a microcatheter after guidewire crossing (one third).
Association of peripheral artery disease with in‐hospital outcomes after endovascular transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Mohananey Divyanshu , Villablanca Pedro , Gupta Tanush , Ranka Sagar , Bhatia Nirmanmoh , Adegbala Oluwole , Ando Tomo , Wang Dee Dee , Wiley Jose M. , Eng Marvin , Kalra Ankur , Ramakrishna Harish , Shah Binita , O'Neill William , Saucedo Jorge , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and its association with in‐hospital outcomes after endovascular transcatheter aortic valve replacement (EV‐TAVR).

Background

TAVR is an established treatment for patients at prohibitive, high, or intermediate surgical risk. PAD is a significant comorbidity in the determination of surgical risk. However, data on association of PAD with outcomes after EV‐TAVR are limited.

Methods

Patients in the National Inpatient Sample who underwent EV‐TAVR between January 1, 2012 and September 30, 2015 were evaluated. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality.

Results

A total of 51,685 patients underwent EV‐TAVR during the study period. Of these, 12,740 (24.6%) had a coexisting diagnosis of PAD. The adjusted odds for in‐hospital mortality [OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.83–1.41)], permanent pacemaker implantation [OR 0.98 (0.85–1.14)], conversion to open aortic valve replacement [OR 1.05 (0.49–2.26)], or acute myocardial infarction [OR 1.31(0.99–1.71)] were not different in patients with versus without PAD. However, patients with PAD had greater adjusted odds of vascular complications [OR 1.80 (1.50–2.16)], major bleeding [OR 1.20 (1.09–1.34)], acute kidney injury (AKI) [OR 1.19 (1.05–1.36)], cardiac complications [aOR 1.21 (1.01–1.44)], and stroke [OR 1.39(1.10–1.75)] compared with patients without PAD. Length of stay (LOS) was significantly longer for patients with PAD [7.23 (0.14) days vs. 7.11 (0.1) days, p < 0.001].

Conclusion

Of patients undergoing EV‐TAVR, ~25% have coexisting PAD. PAD was not associated with increased risk of in‐hospital mortality but was associated with higher risk of vascular complications, major bleeding, AKI, stroke, cardiac complications, and longer LOS.
Regeneration/Optimization of Activated Carbon Monolith in Simultaneous SO2/NOx Removal from Flue Gas
Authors: Silas Kiman , Wan Abdul Karim Ghani W. A. , Choong Thomas S. Y. , Rashid Umer , Soltani Soroush
Published: April 2019

Due to the adverse effects of SO2/NOx on humans and the environment, environmental regulations necessitate the control of their emission. In this study, an activated carbon monolith was synthesized with cobalt oxide (ACM‐Co3O4) for the purpose of simultaneous SO2/NOx removal from flue gas generated by coal combustion. Average regeneration efficiencies of 92.7 and 94.2 % were obtained for SO2 and NOx, respectively. The Langmuir model can adequately describe the experimental results of the ACM‐Co3O4 adsorbent in SO2 and NOx removal. The key regeneration parameters were optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM results revealed that the statistical prediction and experimental results were in agreement.
Rupture of Wetting Films Formed by Bubbles at a Quartz Surface in Cationic Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Wiertel-Pochopien Agata , Zawala Jan
Published: April 2019

Experimental studies were performed on the kinetics of the three‐phase contact formation and bubble attachment to a quartz surface in solutions of a cationic surfactant of various concentrations. By tuning the distance between the single‐bubble formation point and the quartz surface immersed in the solution, the influence of the state of the dynamic adsorption layer over a rising bubble on the mechanism of rupture of a wetting film formed was elucidated. Based on the unique methodology, allowing precise control over the initial degree of adsorption coverage at the detaching bubble, new evidence was found confirming the electrostatic character of the wetting film rupture in cationic surfactant solutions of low concentrations.
Homogeneously Distributed NiFe Alloy Nanoparticles on 3D Carbon Fiber Network as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Lv Yanlong , Batool Aisha , Wei Yuxuan , Xin Qi , Boddula Rajender , Jan Saad Ullah , Akram Muhammad Zain , Tian Liangqiu , Guo Beidou , Gong Jian Ru
Published: April 2019

Overall water splitting is a promising way to alleviate the energy crisis by producing renewable and clean hydrogen fuel. The development of highly efficient, low cost, and stable electrocatalysts is of great importance for the large‐scale application of overall water splitting. Herein, we report an effective and facile strategy to prepare non‐noble nickel‐iron (NiFe) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on oxidized carbon cloth (OCC) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. The homogeneous dispersion of small‐sized NPs achieved by anchoring the metal species to oxygen‐containing groups on the OCC support, together with the 3D conductive nature of the scaffold, ensures optimal exposure of active metal sites and also results in high electrical conductivity. As a result, our electrocatalyst affords superior oxygen evolution reaction activity with a low overpotential of 281 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and is also stable for up to around 17 h in an alkaline electrolyte; the catalyst also demonstrates a high efficiency for overall water splitting. Our strategy has, therefore, great potential for practical energy conversion applications.
Metal⋅⋅⋅F−C Bonding in Low‐Coordinate Alkaline Earth Fluoroarylamides
Authors: Roueindeji Hanieh , Ratsifitahina Antsa , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Carpentier Jean‐François , Sarazin Yann
Published: April 2019

A set of calcium and barium complexes containing the fluoroarylamide N(C6F5)2− is presented. These compounds illustrate the key role of stabilising M⋅⋅⋅F−C secondary interactions in the construction of low‐coordinate alkaline earth complexes. The nature of Ca⋅⋅⋅F−C bonding in calcium complexes is examined in the light of structural data, bond valence sum (BVS) analysis and DFT computations. The molecular structures of [Ca{N(C6F5)2}2(Et2O)2] (4′), [Ca{μ‐N(SiMe3)2}{N(C6F5)2}]2 (52), [Ba{μ‐N(C6F5)2}{N(C6F5)2}⋅toluene]2 (62), [{BDIDiPP}CaN(C6F5)2]2 (72), [{N^NDiPP}CaN(C6F5)2]2 (82), and [Ca{μ‐OB(CH(SiMe3)2)2}{N(C6F5)2}]2 (92), where {BDIDiPP}− and {N^NDiPP}− are the bidentate ligands CH[C(CH3)NDipp]2− and DippNC6H4CNDipp− (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3), are detailed. Complex 62 displays strong Ba⋅⋅⋅F−C contacts at around 2.85 Å. The calcium complexes feature also very short intramolecular Ca−F interatomic distances at around 2.50 Å. In addition, the three‐coordinate complexes 72 and 82 form dinuclear structures due to intermolecular Ca⋅⋅⋅F−C contacts. BVS analysis shows that Ca⋅⋅⋅F−C interactions contribute to 15–20 % of the bonding pattern around calcium. Computations demonstrate that Ca⋅⋅⋅F−C bonding is mostly electrostatic, but also contains a non‐negligible covalent contribution. They also suggest that Ca⋅⋅⋅F−C are the strongest amongst the range of weak Ca⋅⋅⋅X (X=F, H, Cπ) secondary interactions, due to the high positive charge of Ca2+ which favours electrostatic interactions.
Aspects of NMR reciprocity and applications in highly conductive media
Authors: Ilott Andrew J. , Jerschow Alexej
Published: April 2019

In the context of NMR spectroscopy and MRI, the principle of reciprocity provides a convenient method for determining the reception sensitivity from the transmitted rf field pattern. The reciprocity principle for NMR was originally described by Hoult et al (J Magn Reson. 1976;24:71) and is related to the broader Lorentz reciprocity principle and similar theorems from antenna theory. One frequent application of the reciprocity principle is that for a single coil used for both transmission and detection, the transmit and receive fields can be assumed to be equal. This aspect is also where some of the conceptual difficulty of applying the theorem may be encountered. For example, the questions of whether one should use the complex conjugate field for detection or whether one should apply the theorem in the rotating frame or in the laboratory frame may give rise to considerable confusion. We attempt here to provide a helpful discussion of the application of the reciprocity principle in such a way as to clarify some of the confounding questions. In particular, we avoid the use of the “negatively rotating frame,” which is frequently mentioned in this context, since we consider it to unnecessarily complicate the matter. In addition, we also discuss the implications of the theorem for magnetic resonance experiments on conducting samples, and metals, in particular.
Role of the Geometry Restriction and Quasi‐Degeneracy of the Excited States in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: A Density Functional Theory Study of Carbzolyl‐Bispyridinylmethanone Derivatives
Authors: Ahn Chang Hwan , Kim Dongwook
Published: April 2019

We theoretically investigated the photophysical and excited‐state properties of carbazolyl‐bispyridinylmethanone (Cbz‐PyM) derivatives as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, for example, the energies of the low‐lying singlet and triplet excited states, their natures, energy differences between them, intersystem crossing (ISC), and fluorescence rate constants. Our results match reasonably well the experimental data; the difference between the theoretical and experimental values provides a useful insight into the role of structural restriction in the solid‐state film, which particularly has a distinctive impact on the singlet excited states. In addition, via a comparison between molecules, either with one or two carbazolyl subunits, we found that a quasi‐degeneracy in the excited states can enhance the ISC, fluorescence, and hence TADF efficiency. We also proposed a molecular design strategy for these degeneracies in the excited states.
Ameliorative Role of Cabernet Sauvignon Seed Oil on Hyperlipidemia, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Shen Yingbin , Tang Na , Zhu Jianhong , Xiao Junyong , Cong Renhuai , Zhang Hui , Wu Gangcheng , Qi Xiguang
Published: April 2019

Virgin Cabernet Sauvignon grape seed oil (VGSO) contains high levels of linoleic acid (74%), and total unsaturated fatty acids amount to about 88%. In comparison to other edible oils, VGSO also contains an abundance of endogenous antioxidants, such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and phenolic compounds, the consumption of which has been positively associated with improvements in health status. This study is the first to investigate regulatory mechanisms of VGSO on hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high‐fat diet via exploration of changes in the expression patterns of genes associated with lipid metabolism. Results show that liver CAT and GSH‐px levels are higher and liver MDA concentrations are lower in the VGSO group as compared to those of CO and LO groups. In addition, concentrations of liver pro‐inflammatory cytokines are significantly decreased in mice fed VGSO, likely associated with the down‐regulation of TNF‐α and IL‐6. In addition, hyperlipidemia in mice can be ameliorated by consumption of VGSO through the up‐regulation of PPARα expression and down‐regulation of the expressions of SREBP‐1c, ACC, and FAS. In addition, findings also suggest that unsaponifiables are the most important factor in regulating lipid metabolism and protecting the liver.

Practical Applications: Virgin Cabernet Sauvignon grape seed oil (VGSO) is rich in linoleic acid, phytosterols, tocopherols/tocotrienols, and phenolic compounds. VGSO has been reported to have the potential beneficial effects on hyperlipidemia. This study further investigates regulatory mechanisms of VGSO on hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high‐fat diet via exploration of changes in the expression patterns of genes associated with lipid metabolism. This study also investigates the effect of VGSO on improving inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and key component of VGSO for regulating lipid metabolism and protecting the liver. This research will provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional grape seed oil.

Virgin grape seed oil (VGSO) is produced to increase added values of the wine industry due to the fact that it contains high level of unsaturated fatty acids and endogenous antioxidants. This study investigates the effect of VGSO on mice fed a high‐fat diet, and finds that VGSO can improve inflammation in mice via down‐regulation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 expression.
Preparation, Physical Characterization, and In Vitro Skin Permeation of Deformable Liposomes Loaded with Taxifolin and Taxifolin Tetraoctanoate
Authors: Kim A. Rang , An Hyun Jin , Jang Eun Sang , Lee Jae Duk , Park Soo Nam
Published: April 2019

This research focuses on deformable liposomes that have great potential as carriers of transdermal drug delivery. In this study, deformable liposomes are prepared using the natural surfactants polyglyceryl‐2 caprate and polyglyceryl‐10 stearate along with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol to enhance skin penetration of taxifolin and taxifolin tetraoctanoate. Sizes of liposomes made with polyglyceryl‐2 caprate and polyglyceryl‐10 stearate are 64.70–91.30 and 90.20–110.70 nm, respectively. Then entrapment efficiencies and deformability indices are measured, respectively. Liposomes containing 30% surfactant have been selected because they have high entrapment efficiency, stability, and deformability. Crystallization and skin permeation are then measured. Crystallinity is compared using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Deformable liposomes containing 30% PGL‐2 caprate and carrying taxifolin tetraoctanoate (CDLTO3) have the lowest melting point (7.55 °C), equivalenting to its highest deformability index. The liposomes are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Skin permeation studies using Franz cells show that deformable liposomes increased drug permeation more than 1,3‐butylene glycol (1,3‐BG) and control liposomes without surfactant. In particular, when CDLTO3 is used, the amounts of taxifolin tetraoctanoate present in the stratum corneum and skin as well as the amount of permeation are greatest. In conclusion, deformable liposomes containing polyglyceryl‐2 caprate can be effective carriers for taxifolin, taxifolin tetraoctanoate.

Practical Applications: Taxifolin is a flavonoid with antioxidative, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and skin‐whitening properties. It would be useful in skin treatments and cosmetics if not for its poor stability. This study develops and characterizes a deformable liposome delivery method that can carry a taxifolin derivative with increased stability and provide better skin penetration compared to conventional liposome. The results can be applied to more effectively deliver beneficial drugs into the skin.

Deformable liposomes using the natural surfactants polyglyceryl‐2 caprate and polyglyceryl‐10 stearate increase drug permeation more than did general liposomes. Taxifolin‐tetraoctanoate‐loaded deformable liposomes have the greatest skin permeation.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycoconjugates Mediated by Regioselective Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Acetylated 2‐Amino Pyranose Derivatives
Authors: Zheng Changping , Bavaro Teodora , Tengattini Sara , Mascherpa Andrea Gualla , Sollogoub Matthieu , Zhang Yongmin , Terreni Marco
Published: April 2019

Highly regioselective deprotection of a series of 2‐amino pyranose building blocks was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis. These monodeprotected intermediates were successfully used in the synthesis of a variety of glycoconjugate derivatives with a core of glucosamine or galactosamine, including neo‐glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. The hydrolysis catalyzed by acetylxylan esterase from Bacillus pumilus (AXE) is suitable for the synthesis of neo‐glycoproteins with an N‐acetyl glucosamine core. The hydrolysis catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was successfully applied in the preparation of new sialylated glycolipids starting from glucosamine building blocks protected as phthalimide. This chemoenzymatic approach can be used for the preparation of new glycoconjugate products with anticancer activity.
Linear Synthesis of De novo Oligo‐Iduronic Acid
Authors: Shanthamurthy Chethan D. , Kikkeri Raghavendra
Published: April 2019

L‐Iduronic acid (IdoA) plays a pivotal role in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) protein interactions. However, the structural microheterogeneity of GAG appears to impede the systematic investigation of IdoA functions. Under such conditions, oligo‐Iduronic acid (Oligo‐IdoA) are ideal and straightforward heparin mimetics to unravel the relationship between IdoA structure and functions. Herein, we report for the first‐time linear synthesis of rare oligo‐IdoA precursor utilizing anhydrous β‐L‐idopyranosyl and IdoA thiophenol building block. After screening various synthetic strategies, we have Installed successive IdoA by 5 step reactions with 25–26 % overall yield. These oligo‐IdoA are expected to be excellent probes to understand conformational plasticity of IdoA and fine tune carbohydrate–protein interactions.
Network slice selection in softwarization‐based mobile networks
Authors: Zhao Guanqun , Qin Shuang , Feng Gang , Sun Yao
Published: April 2019

Recently, network slicing (NS) has been introduced as a key enabler to accommodate diversified services in network functions virtualization–enabled software‐defined mobile networks. Although there has been some research work on network slice deployment and configuration, how user equipments select the most appropriate network slice is still an essential yet challenging issue, as slice selection may substantially affect the resource utilization and user Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, we investigate the optimal selection of end‐to‐end slices with the aim of improving network resources utilization while guaranteeing the QoS of users. We formulate the optimal slice selection problem as maximizing the users satisfaction degree and prove it is NP‐hard. We thus resort to genetic algorithm (GA) to find a suboptimal solution and develop a GA‐based heuristic algorithm. The effectiveness of our proposed NS selection algorithm is validated via simulation experiments.
An investigation of the determinants for community pharmacists' positive image and the needs for community pharmacists' services in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Kuang‐hsun , Chang Elizabeth H. , Ko Yu
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To examine the specific factors that the general public believes have an effect on the image of community pharmacists and also to identify community pharmacists' services that truly fulfill people's needs.

Methods

A convenient sample of 401 community pharmacy customers completed the questionnaire.

Results

When asked about the factors that help establish a positive image for a community pharmacist, 98.3% of the respondents reported accurate dispensing as the most important factor, followed by cordial attitude (95.5%), and wearing clothes showing pharmacist's license with a photo (94.6%). Among the services provided by community pharmacies, most people think that the most needed service is a consultation explaining drug‐drug interactions (93.8%). Furthermore, 312 (77.8%) respondents indicated that there is a need for comprehensive pharmaceutical services. As for the amount that the respondents were willing to pay for such service, many (42.9%) chose 100 NT dollars (≈ 3USD).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that correct dispensing is the most important factor that helps establish a positive image of community pharmacists and that the most needed services were those that required pharmacists' professional competence. Moreover, nearly 80% of the respondents reported that they needed comprehensive pharmaceutical services and were willing to pay for it.
Factors influencing lithium pharmacokinetics in patients with acute mania: A population pharmacokinetic analysis
Authors: Methaneethorn Janthima , Sringam Sawitree
Published: April 2019

Objective

The objective of this study was to conduct a population pharmacokinetic model of lithium in Thai patients with acute mania.

Methods

Lithium concentrations from 222 acute manic patients were included in this study. The population pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM 7.3 software. Influences of potential covariates including body size, age, renal function, and gender were evaluated through a stepwise approach. Bootstrap analysis and an external validation approach were used to evaluate the robustness and predictability of the final model.

Results

A one‐compartment model adequately described lithium pharmacokinetics. Body weight and age were significant predictors for lithium clearance, with the following relationship: CL/F (L/hr) = 1.43 * (WT/65)0.425 * (age/38)−0.242. The population estimates of lithium clearance, volume of distribution, and absorption rate constant of the final model were 1.43 L/hr, 54 L (fixed), and 0.426 hr−1 (fixed), respectively. Model evaluation showed that the final model was predictive and robust.

Conclusions

A population pharmacokinetic model of lithium with good performance was developed in Thai patients with acute mania. This model can be used to assist clinicians in individualized lithium therapy.
lncRNA GAS5/miR‐223/NAMPT axis modulates the cell proliferation and senescence of endothelial progenitor cells through PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Yao Jiamei , Shi Zanhua , Ma Xinhua , Xu Daomiao , Ming Guangfeng
Published: April 2019

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported to replace the damaged endothelial cells to repair the injured or dead endothelium. However, EPC senescence might lead to the failure in EPC function. Thus, developing an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism of EPC senescence might provide novel strategies for related vascular disorders’ treatments. Herein, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) overexpression could increase cell proliferation and suppress cell senescence in EPCs. miR‐223 directly bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of NAMPT to inhibit its expression, therefore modulating EPC proliferation and senescence through NAMPT and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 sponges miR‐223, consequently downregulating miR‐223 expression. GAS5 knockdown inhibited EPC proliferation and promoted senescence. GAS5 might serve as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐223 to counteract miR‐223‐mediated suppression on NAMPT, thus regulating EPC proliferation and senescence via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In summary, our findings provide a solid experimental basis for understanding the role and mechanism of lncRNA GAS5/miR‐223/NAMPT axis in EPC proliferation and senescence.
Thromboxane A synthase 1 gene expression and promotor haplotypes are associated with risk of large artery‐atherosclerosis stroke in Iranian population
Authors: Ramazi Shahin , Heydari‐Zarnagh Hafez , Goudarzian Maryam , Khalaj‐Kondori Mohammad , Bonyadi Mortaza
Published: April 2019

Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) is known as an important cause of ischemic stroke (IS), which is a multifactorial disorder. Many candidate genes have been proposed for IS like (TBXAS1) that plays a significant role in LAA stroke pathogenesis. This is the first study on the evaluation of the association of the five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TBXAS1 promoter region and the level of TBXAS1 transcript with large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke. Five SNPs in TBXAS1 genes were investigated in 248 patients with large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke and 199 healthy controls in Iranian population in this case‐control study through using the high‐resolution melting assay. In addition, the relationships between the selected SNPs with alteration of TBXAS1 gene expressions were investigated in terms of blood platelets through the reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate logistic analysis with adjustments indicated that rs10256282CC, rs10237429CC, and rs4590360GG genotypes were associated with large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke (adjusted odds ratio = 2.804, 2.872, and 2.432, respectively; P < 0.05, q < 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of CACCG haplotype in the patients was greatly higher than that in the controls (OR = 1.424, 95% CI: 1.071‐1.893, P = 0.014738). In addition, TBXAS1 expression was higher in patients compared to the controls (P = 0.021), and individuals with the homozygous mutated genotypes of these SNPs showed a higher expression level compared to other genotype (P < 0.05). In total, our findings indicate a significant association of TBXAS1 gene rs10256282CC, rs10237429CC, and rs4590360GG polymorphisms with large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke susceptibility and the level of TBXAS1 expression, which was not previously reported in any population.
A new insight on serum microRNA expression as novel biomarkers in breast cancer patients
Authors: Bahmanpour Zahra , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Choupani Jalal , Shekari Khaniani Mahmoud , Montazeri Vahid , Mansoori Derakhshan Sima
Published: April 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the widespread lethal diseases affecting a large number of women worldwide. As such, employing and identifying significant markers for detecting BC in different stages can assist in better diagnosis and management of the disease. Several diverse markers have been introduced for diagnosis, but their limitations, including low specificity and sensitivity, reduce their application. microRNAs (miRNAs), as short noncoding RNAs, have been shown to significantly influence gene expression in different disease pathologies, especially BC. Clearly, among different samples used for detecting miRNA expressions, circulating miRNAs present as promising and useful biomarkers. Among different body fluid samples, serum serves as one of the most reliable samples, thanks to its high stability under various severe conditions and some unique features. Extensive research has suggested that BC‐related miRNAs can remain stable in the serum. The objective of this review is to describe different samples used for detecting miRNAs in BC subjects with emphasis on serum miRNAs. So, this study highlights serum miRNAs with the potential of acting as biomarkers for different stages of BC. We reviewed the possible correlation between potential miRNAs and the risk of early breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, response to chemotherapy, and relapse.
The genetic association between osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms and fracture risk in Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Shuwen , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Jian , Rui Yanxiang
Published: April 2019

This article put the genetic association exploration of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms in promoter region (A‐163G, T‐245G) and fracture risk first and hoped to explain the ethology of fracture. The genotyping of OPG gene polymorphisms was conducted with the method of polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in 125 fracture patients and 138 relative controls. The genotype frequencies of selected controls based on OPG gene polymorphisms were checked by the χ2 test whether conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The relative risk was represented with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between gene polymorphism and disease. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also analyzed. The genotypes distributions of selected controls in OPG polymorphisms conformed to HWE. The G allele of A‐163G polymorphism carriers had the tendency to suffer from fracture in the same condition, compared with A allele carriers (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.04–2.55). TG and TG/GG genotypes of OPG T‐245G polymorphism also showed the increased risk of fracture development, but not TT genotype (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.15–4.28; OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.28–4.68). Likely, the mutant allele G had an abnormally higher frequency in cases than controls (14.00% and 6.16%). These two polymorphisms existed the LD and the haplotype G
‐163–G
‐245 obviously increased the risk of fracture. OPG A‐163G, T‐245G polymorphisms were associated with the onset of fracture and both the independent risk factors.
Condensin II subunit NCAPH2 associates with shelterin protein TRF1 and is required for telomere stability
Authors: Wallace Heather A. , Rana Vibhuti , Nguyen Huy Q. , Bosco Giovanni
Published: April 2019

Condensin II subunits are known to be expressed and localized to interphase nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Although some studies have shown that condensin II likely exerts axial compaction forces, organizes chromosome territories, and has possible transcriptional modulatory functions, the full range of condensin II interphase activities are not known. In particular, it is not known if condensin II interphase activities are generally genome‐wide or if they have additional local activities unique to specific chromosomal structures such as telomeres. Here, we find that NCAPH2 interacts with TRF1 and these two proteins co‐localize at telomeres. Depletion of NCAPH2 leads to ATR‐dependent accumulation of 53BP1 and γH2AX DNA damage foci, including damage specific to telomeres. Furthermore, depletion of NCAPH2 results in a fragile telomere phenotype and apparent sister‐telomere fusions only days after NCAPH2 depletion. Taken together these observations suggest that NCAPH2 promotes telomere stability, possibly through a direct interaction with the TRF1 shelterin component, and prevents telomere dysfunction resulting from impaired DNA replication. Because proper telomere function is essential for chromosome integrity these observations reveal a previously unappreciated function for NCAPH2 in ensuring genome and telomere stability.
H19/miR‐30a/C8orf4 axis modulates the adipogenic differentiation process in human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Kun , Wu Yue , Yang Hao , Hong Pengyu , Fang Xiaodan , Hu Yanjia
Published: April 2019

The adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is a critical issue in many obesity‐related disorders. Cytidine‐cytidine‐adenosine‐adenosine‐thymidine (CCAAT) enhancer binding protein α (CEBP‐α) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ are two important lipogenic and adipogenic transcription factors and markers in adipogenic differentiation. Noncoding RNAs participate in adipogenic differentiation. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is related to multiple cellular differentiation, including adipogenic differentiation; however, its function and precise molecular mechanism in human ADSCs (hADSCs) adipogenic differentiation are unclear. microRNAs that were differentially expressed in adipogenic differentiation and could be targeted by H19 were screened and selected; the regulation and interaction between H19 and miR‐30a were verified. The interaction between miR‐30a and predicted downstream target C8orf4 was validated. The dynamic effects of H19 and miR‐30a on C8orf4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein and adipogenic differentiation were evaluated. miR‐30a negatively regulated H19 with each other through direct binding. As predicted by TargetScan and verified using luciferase reporter gene assays, miR‐30a directly bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of C8orf4 to inhibit its expression; H19 knockdown suppressed while miR‐30a inhibition promoted the mRNA expression and the protein levels of C8orf4 and adipogenic differentiation; the effect of H19 knockdown could be partially reversed by miR‐30a inhibition. The lncRNA H19 serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR‐30a to augment miR‐30a downstream target C8orf4, therefore modulating adipogenic differentiation in hADSCs. From the perspective of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulation, we provided a novel regulatory mechanism of hADSCs adipogenic differentiation.