bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic linear and nonlinear charge-spin conversion in topological semimetal SrIrO3
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Lao Bin , Liu Peitao , Zheng Xuan , Lu Zengxing , Li Sheng , Zhao Kenan , Gong Liguang , Tang Tao , Wu Keyi , Shi Youguo , Sun Yan , Chen Xin-Qiu , Li Run-Wei
Published: July 2022

Over the past decade, utilizing spin currents in the linear response of electric field to manipulate magnetization states via spin-orbit torques (SOTs) is one of the core concepts for realizing a multitude of spintronic devices. Besides the linear regime, recently, nonlinear charge-spin conversion under the square of electric field has been recognized in a wide variety of materials with nontrivial spin textures, opening an emerging field of nonlinear spintronics. Here, we report the investigation of both linear and nonlinear charge-spin conversion in one single topological semimetal SrIrO3(110) thin film that hosts strong spin-orbit coupling and nontrivial spin textures in the momentum space. In the nonlinear regime, the observation of crystalline direction dependent response indicates the presence of anisotropic surface states induced spin-momentum locking near the Fermi level. Such anisotropic spin textures also give rise to spin currents in the linear response regime, which mainly contributes to the fieldlike SOT component. Our work demonstrates the power of combination of linear and nonlinear approaches in understanding and utilizing charge-spin conversion in topological materials.
Genetic impact of non-consanguineous marriages in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyahya Mohammed , Aloraini Taghrid , Al-Harbi Youseef , Alsubaie Lamia , Alswaid Abdulrahman , Eyaid Wafaa , Mutairi Fuad Al , Ababneh Faroug , Alfadhel Majid , Alfares Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genetic disorders in the non-consanguineous population of Saudi Arabia.Methods: We assessed all the exome sequencing requests associated with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh.Results: In total, there were 151 non-consanguineous individuals with exome sequencing requests in the population genomic database of King Abdullah International Medical Research Center. In total, 27 had disease-causing variants, and the hit rate was 27/151 (18%). The 27 people had 28 different variants. There were 14/28 (50%) de novo variants and 14/28 (50%) inherited variants in the 28 variants. The hit rate of the variants causing autosomal recessive disorders was 12/28 (42.8%), autosomal dominant disorders 13/28 (46.4%), and X-linked disorders 3/28 (10.7%).Conclusion: Non-consanguineous marriages have a lower risk of genetic disorders, and reducing consanguinity reduces the risk of genetic disorders by two to three times.
Gut immunity is regulated by cocoa butter intake-mediated release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10
Authors: Arai Nariaki , Kajihara Ryo , Takasaka Mieko , Amari Kei , Kuneshita Norika , Maejima Daisuke , Watanabe-Asaka Tomomi , Hayashi Moyuru , Yokoyama Yumiko , Kaidoh Maki , Kawai Yoshiko , Ohhashi Toshio
Published: July 2022

Mesenteric lymph has received attention for its important roles in nutrient absorption and mucosal immunity. It contains cytokines and immune cells that control the immune responses. The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of cocoa butter intake on rat mesenteric lymph flow, cell density, and the IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the lymph. Cocoa butter intake increased the lymph flow, cell density and the cytokine levels in the lymph. Clodronate released IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 and slightly accelerated the cocoa butter intake-mediated release of IL-6, but not that of IL-1β and IL-10. A Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 inhibitor significantly reduced the linoleic acid-mediated releases of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in the medium of isolated cells from lamina propria of jejunal villi. Our findings suggest that cocoa butter intake regulates gut immunity through the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 via a negative feedback mechanism.
Understanding the Relationship Between Gender and Mental Health in Adolescence: The Gender Adherence Index (GAI)
Authors: Cela-Bertran Xavier , Peguero Guille , Serral Gemma , Sánchez Esther , Martínez-Hernáez Angel , Pié-Balaguer Asun
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Half of all mental health disorders appear during adolescence, although it is still far from clear how they relate to gender (not sex) criteria. This study aims both to analyse the relationship between gender and adolescent mental health and to propose an index: the Gender Adherence Index (GAI).
Methods
We used cross-sectional, secondary data from 3888 adolescents (aged 13–19) from the FRESC Health Survey on Adolescence in Barcelona. We analysed the interaction among sex, age and socio-economic status with several mental health indices. Additionally, we computed a gender adherence index (GAI) to transcend the information-poor binary sex label and thus assess to what extent mental health can be predicted by the gender expression of adolescents irrespective of their biological sex.
Results
We found that older age and lower economic status have a greater impact on the emotional distress of girls, who reported lower self-perceived mental health than boys. Nevertheless, girls obtained higher scores regarding their prosocial behaviour, which is protective against mental health problems. The GAI was retained in all statistical models stressing it as a relevant metric to explain the variability of adolescent emotional distress. Young people who showed adherence to normative femininity in their lifestyles showed higher prosocial behaviour but did not tend to present more emotional distress.
Conclusion
Despite its limitations, this is a novel attempt to explore the relationship between gender expression and mental health. Better defined indices of gender adherence could help us to improve our predictive capacity of mental health disorders during adolescence.
Theoretical investigation of the spectroscopic properties of ZnTe, ZnTe + , and ZnTe - systems
Authors: BENSIRADJ Nour El Houda , YOUSFI Houssyen , BENSIRADJ TAHA , OUAMERALI Ourida
Published: July 2022

Zinc telluride (ZnTe) system presents appealing optoelectronic properties used in radiology as well as in the detection of terahertz radiation (THz). In this work, we report a theoretical investigation of the ground and excited states of ZnTe and its ions ZnTe+ and ZnTe− using different ab inito methods. The potential energy curves (PES) are computed using the CASSCF/LANL2DZ and MRCI/LANL2DZ methods. These curves allows to infer the different spectroscopic constants such as the internuclear distance (Re), the harmonic vibration frequency (ωe), the rotation constant (Be) and the dissociation energy (De). It was found that the electronic states of ZnTe and its ions converge to several lower dissociation limits. The existence of instable and the crossings states is due to the presence of rotational and spin-orbit interactions. The results obtained are compared to the existing experimental data and have generally shown a reasonable agreement.
The relative size of nuclei within the oculomotor complex vary by order and behaviour in birds.
Authors: Iwaniuk Andrew N , Cunha Felipe , Gutierrez-Ibanez Cristian , Brinkman Benjamin , Wylie Douglas R
Published: July 2022

Eye movements are a critical component of visually guided behaviors, allowing organisms to scan the environment and bring stimuli of interest to regions of acuity in the retina. Although the control and modulation of eye movements by cranial nerve nuclei are highly conserved across vertebrates, species variation in visually guided behavior and eye morphology could lead to variation in the size of oculomotor nuclei. Here, we test for differences in the size and neuron numbers of the oculomotor nuclei among birds that vary in behavior and eye morphology. Using unbiased stereology, we measured the volumes and numbers of neurons of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV), abducens (nVI), and Edinger-Westphal (EW) nuclei across 71 bird species and analyzed that with phylogeny-informed statistics. Owls had relatively smaller nIII, nIV, nVI and EW nuclei than other birds, which reflects their limited degrees of eye movements. In contrast, nVI was relatively larger in falcons and hawks, likely reflecting how these predatory species must shift focus between the central and temporal foveae during foraging and prey capture. Unexpectedly, songbirds had an enlarged EW and relatively more nVI neurons, which might reflect accommodation and horizontal eye movements. Finally, the one merganser we measured also has an enlarged EW, which is associated with the high accommodative power needed for pursuit diving. Overall, these differences reflect species and clade level variation in behaviour, but more data is needed on eye movements in birds across species to better understand the relationships among behaviour, retinal anatomy, and brain anatomy.
Correlation of Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels with Infarct Core and Ischemic Penumbra Volume in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jianbo Zhou , Lin Li , Xiyang Ji , Xiaojie Zhang , Changfei Dai , Sa Wang , Mijuan Zhang , Dong Wei , Lele Zhang , Guoxun Zhang , Xixi Yang , Ming Guo , Bin Wang , Fan Li , Cheng Ma , Na Zhang , Qun Zhang , Ping Chen
Published: July 2022

Background
During cerebral ischemia, inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β released from the ischemic core may trigger neuronal death in the ischemic penumbra, influencing infarct volume. This study aimed to understand the relationship between serum IL-1β, IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels with infarct core and ischemic penumbra volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its influence on prognosis.
Methods
The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and hs-CRP were measured in 65 patients within 24h of AIS onset. The infarcts of the patients were imaged with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) and core volume on computed tomography perfusion or perfusion-weighted imaging were used to calculate infarct volume and ischemic penumbra volume. The Tan collateral score was calculated with Neusoft Brain Clinical Assistant Ration Evaluate (NeuBrainCARE).
Results
We found a significant correlation between infarct core volume and serum hs-CRP levels (P < 0.05) and between penumbra volume and IL-6 levels (P < 0.05). Serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with NIHSS scores at admission, discharge, and 3 months after discharge. IL-1β levels, Tan collateral score, and ASPECTS showed no correlation with the infarct core volume.
Conclusion
A significant correlation between hs-CRP and IL-6 levels and infarct and ischemic penumbra volume, respectively, and with NIHSS score shows that these two factors might prove helpful in predicting the extent of neurological damage in AIS patients after 3 months of onset, opening new avenues for treatment.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of Ionic Liquid-Surface Interactions for Electrospray Thrusters
Authors: Bendimerad Rafid , Petro Elaine
Published: July 2022

Electrospray thrusters are of particular interest for micropropulsion because of their compactness, high specific impulse, and their ability to operate over very long periods of time. However, particles on the periphery of the plume are susceptible to collide with the extractor grid, which may reduce the efficiency and limit the lifetime of the electrospray thruster. Therefore, a good knowledge of the collision process and byproducts is crucial to understanding the long-term surface effects and overcoming the lifetime-limiting mechanisms. This study attempts to investigate particles impingement on the extractor grid using molecular dynamics simulations with two different models. The first model is based on a non-reactive force field and is used to investigate the dissociation of ionic bonds. The second model is based on a reactive force field and is used to investigate the breaking of covalent bonds. In both cases, a statistical analysis is carried out over the initial configuration of the molecule. The major results of this study are: (1) the inference of probability curves of the ionic dissociation in function of the impact energy for temperatures ranging from 300K to 1000K, and (2) the determination of pseudomass spectra of the byproducts post-collision. The probability curves indicate a strong correlation between the impact energy and the ionic dissociation for energies smaller than 60 eV. The pseudomass spectra indicate that strong collisions are more likely to produce light byproducts whereas weak collisions tend to produce heavier molecules.
Association of Pain and Quality of life among middle-aged and elderly Indians.
Authors: Goyal Amit Kumar , Mohanty Sanjay Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background:
India is passing through a phase of demographic and epidemiological transition where ageing and chronic morbidities are being more common. Though studies examined the prevalence, variation and risk factors of many chronic morbidities, we didn’t find any research examining the effect of pain on QOL of older adults in India. This study examines the effect of pain on quality of life (QOL) among middle-aged and elderly in India.
Methods:
This study uses the data from wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) conducted in 2017-18. This study is restricted to 58,328 individuals from all states (except Sikkim), who have aged above 45 years. A multivariate model has been used to show the association between pain and quality of life.
Results:
It is estimated that approximately 37% of Indian middle-aged and older populations are often troubled with pain. Pain prevalence increase with age and is more common among elderly aged 75 + years (40.48%; 95% CI, 38.02–42.94), women (43.32%; 95% CI, 41.51–45.12). The overall QOL score was found to be 87 on a scale of 0-100 and it varies by different socio-demographic factors. Results from the multivariate analysis suggest that the occurrence of pain reduces the QOL by 4.58 units (β= -3.58; 95% CI, -4.00 - -3.17).
Conclusion:
This article shows the association between pain and quality of life among middle-aged adults and the elderly in India. This evidence could potentially help the policymakers to consider pain as a significant determinant of quality of life as the presence of pain significantly reduces the QOL among the middle-aged and elderly in India
Comparing the efficiency of sunflower, marigold and spinach plants for their phytoextraction ability in zinc and copper contaminated soils
Authors: Samal Saubhagya Kumar , Datta Siba Prasad , Golui Debasis , Dwivedi Bramha Swaroop , Meena Mahesh Chand , Nogiya Mahaveer , Choudhary Mahipal , Raza Md Basit , Pandey Punyavrat S.
Published: July 2022

Phytoextraction is an environmentally friendly and potentially cost-effective technique to remove toxic elements from contaminated soil. Lower biomass production of hyper-accumulator plants is a major bottleneck of the phytoextraction process. A pot experiment was conducted to explore three accumulator plants namely sunflower, marigold, and spinach for their phytoextraction ability in zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contaminated soil, and to study their effect on distribution of the metals on different soil solid fractions. Our study demonstrated the effect of growing accumulator plants on distribution of Zn and Cu in various soil-solid phases after phytoextraction process. The efficiency of phytoextraction was compared in terms of the metal uptake ability of the accumulator plants. The order of accumulator plants based on phytoextraction of Zn follows sunflower > marigold = spinach, whereas order of Cu uptake followed as sunflower > marigold > spinach. Fractionation study showed that in sunflower and marigold grown soil, dissolved carbonate bound fraction of Zn enriched water-soluble and exchangeable fraction of Zn, while in spinach grown soil, the dissolved carbonate bound fraction of Zn enriched the organically bound fraction. Thus, it can be inferred that sunflower and marigold increased the bioavailability and toxicity of Zn and Cu more than that of spinach did. The outcome of the study is sunflower is superior to marigold and spinach as far as phytoextraction of Zn and Cu contaminated soil is concerned.
Research on CT Imaging and Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer with Bi-DTPA
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Dang , Qiao Bin , Luo Yuanli , Yang Chao , Zhang Liang , Cao Yang , Ran Haitao
Published: July 2022

Background
High z number element is advanced in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging and the sensibilization of radiotherapy because of higher mass energy absorption coefficients. Bi-Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Bi-DTPA), structured on Bi element, is advanced in CT imaging ability and advantages of strong water solubility, good biocompatibility, low cost and mass production. So in this study, Bi-DTPA was used in CT imaging and radiotherapy of breast cancer to explore its feasibility and effect in CT imaging of mouse breast cancer model, and whether it had sensitization radiation characteristics through radiotherapy.
Methods
The characterization of Bi-DTPA was detected by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and HR-MS. Compared the tumor CT imaging effect of Bi-DTPA with I 370 on 4T1 tumor bearing mouse model. The radiosensitization mechanism of Bi-DTPA was investigated by CCK-8 assay, clonogenic assay, ROS detection, DNA double strand break detection, flow cytometry for the detection of cell apoptosis, and treatment of 4T1 tumor bearing mouse model.
Result
The Bi-DTPA’s CT imaging signal was higher than I 370 at a safe concentration which synthesized by the one-pot method. During radiotherapy with Bi-DTPA, the viability of cells was reduced and the sensitization rate was 1.51. The level of ROS generated, DNA damage sites and the proportion of cell apoptosis was significantly higher than that in the radiotherapy group. The results of in vivo treatment showed that Bi-DTPA had better inhibitory effect on tumors.
Conclusion
The synthesized Bi-DTPA was advanced and applicable in CT imaging and possessed sound capacity in radiation therapy (RT) sensitization which can effectively kill tumor cells by ROS and inhibit tumor proliferation. Therefore, it has great potential in the future application of tumor integrated diagnosis and treatments.
Drainage Density and Its Application in Soil Erosion Assessment in Sarbari Khad Watershed of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Vartika , Saroha Jitender
Published: July 2022

Precise measurement of geomorphometric parameters is significant for assessing watershed conditions, nevertheless these are very difficult to measure accurately in context of the mountain ecosystems and the extensive areas. In the present research work drainage density has been used to assess the soil erosion by employing the Geographical Information System (GIS) for the Sarbari Khad watershed located in the lesser Himalayan region of the Himachal Pradesh, India. For assessing drainage density along with remotely sensed digital data, direct survey based large scale (1:50,000) topographical map have been used. The drainage density analysis unveiled that the Sarbari Khad watershed is vulnerable to surface erosion as well as soil degradation. Further, depending on the drainage density values the watershed has been classified under low, moderate, severe and very severe erosion categories. This classification revealed that about 60 percent area of the watershed suffers from very severe erosion. In this study, the drainage density values have been used for estimating erosion status of watershed. These soil erosion differentials in the watershed can be used for watershed areas prioritization for ensuring soil and water conservation measures to make the watershed sustainable.
Environmental Assessment of Pre-dredging Sediments and Proposals for Their Subsequent Management: the Port of Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: CUELLO GRACIELA , GARZO PEDRO , ELÍAS RODOLFO , ISLA FEDERICO IGNACIO
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, the discharge of dredged sediments into the sea is one of the most important problems in the management of coastal areas; therefore, the characterization and handling of the materials to be dredged is of utmost importance. Since its creation, the Port of Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, has presented a structural difficulty that affects its operation: the interruption of the strong littoral drift by its breakwaters generates an important sand sedimentation blocking the access channel. This hampers the entry and maneuverability of large ships, while promoting sediment imbalances on a regional scale, causing coastal erosion on many beaches. At present, the administrative authorities of the port are proposing a new dredging work in order to restore adequate navigation depths. On this basis, the aim of this work was to characterize the current sediment of the Port of Mar del Plata and compare it with previous results from 1996. Grain size, water content and organic matter were monitored at 12 stations. The results indicate that the external sector receives a larger share of sand than in 1996. Muds become preferentially deposited at the inner docks. Organic matter, with increases compared to the previous study, accumulates in the inner docks with lower water renewal. Based on these results, this work proposes certain management alternatives for dredged sediments. Among them, beach nourishment stands out, with the aim of mitigating the effects caused by the port on the regional sediment dynamics.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Antibiotic Use and resistance Among Khartoum State Residents 2021.
Authors: Khojali Abubakr Almardi
Published: July 2022

Introduction: antibiotic resistance is one of the of the world must lethal health crisis affecting low- and middle-income countries, the economic burden of the issue is high.Multi- dug resistant strains are emerging, and actions are needed to counter it.Objectives: To study knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among Khartoum state residents.Methodology: community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan, residents were involved in the study were randomly selected, and the questionnaire was delivered and data about Khartoum residents’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance were collected.Results: A total of 351 samples were collected, the sample included more females (58.7% vs 41.3), most of the respondents were in the 18- 25 age group, majority were students, most of the respondents had achieved university and post graduate education, most of the respondents were from Khartoum, Omdurman and then Bahri. The mean monthly income was 141759 SDGs. Majority had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance, more than 15% of respondents didn’t know that antibiotic use can result in secondary infections after killing the good bacteria. Majority of respondents had positive attitude regarding antibiotic use and resistance, except in question 15 majority of patients think antibiotics are not safe drugs. Majority of respondents had good practice regarding antibiotic use, except in question 20 where the majority Doesn’t consult in a regular basis every time before starting antibiotic.Conclusions: the study concluded that the majority of Khartoum state residents had good knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance and good attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use.This research is an important step in the understanding of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among residents of Khartoum, its results can be used in formulation of future educational programs.Recommendations: Ongoing research studies should focus on finding the reasons behind misbehaviours and research about sensitivity patterns should be done in Sudan to formulate guidelines that help doctors to choose antibiotics for prescription in a way that minimizing the emergence of new strains of resistance bacteria.
Versatile and low-cost fabrication of modular lock-and-key micro-fluidics for integrated connector mixer using a stereolithography 3D printing
Authors: Anshori Isa , Lukito Vincent , Adhawiyah Rafita , Putri Delpita , Harimurti Suksmandhira , Rajab Tati Latifah Erawati , Pradana Arfat , Akbar Mohammad , Syamsunarno Mas Rizky , Handayani Murni , Purwidyantri Agnes , Prabowo Briliant Adhi
Published: July 2022

We present a low-cost and simple method to fabricate microfluidic modules directly on a submillimeter scale utilizing an economic stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printer, which only costs less than 400 USD for the investment. The proposed study is promising for a high throughput fabrication module, typically limited by conventional microfluidic fabrications, such as photolithography and polymer casting methods. We demonstrate the two lock-and-key modular fluidic platforms for connector modules and chamber modules with optimized parameters, such as exposure condition and printing orientation. In addition, optimization of post-processing was performed to investigate the reliability of the fabricated hollow structures, which are fundamental to creating a fluidic channel or chamber. We found out that by using an inexpensive 3D printer, the fabricated resolution can be pushed down to 850 µm and 550 µm size for squared- and circled-shaped, respectively; by the gradual hollow structure, applying vertical printing orientation. These strategies opened up the possibility of developing straightforward microfluidic platforms that could replace conventional microfluidics mold fabrication methods, such as photolithography and milling, which are costly and time-consuming. Considerably cheap commercial resin and its tiny volume employed for a single printing procedure extremely cut down the estimated fabrication cost to less than 50 cents USD/module. The simulation study unravels the prominent properties of the fabricated devices for biological fluid mixers such as plasma blood. This study is eminently prospective toward microfluidics application in clinical biosensing, where disposable, low-cost, high-throughput, and reproducible chips are highly required.
Time Allocation Pattern across Region and Gender: A case study of Pakistan
Authors: Nasir Hamna
Published: July 2022

Allocation of time for various activities is determined by economic and non economic factors such as gender; particularly the gender division of household work is a useful indicator for assessing social norms and customs. The major objective of the present study is to assess the allocation of time for market, expenditure saving market and non-market activities by gender, age groups (10–14, 15–25, 26–45 and 46–60), across region and province. The study is unique because paid market hours, expenditure saving market hours and household hours are analyzed separately for individuals residing in Pakistan. Data is gathered from Labour Force Survey (LFS) of Pakistan for the year 2017-18. Both descriptive statistics and empirical assessment is employed for the assessement purpose. The study indicates that average hours of female household work are higher than male, especially in urban and rural Punjab. Findings also indicate that female average household hours are higher for the age group 26–45. As in this age group they have relatively higher responsibilities of child bearing and rearing and are involved in other domestic chores. Average paid market hours of male work are higher than female, as he is considered the bread earner of a family. In spite of the fact that in recent decades a growing number of women are entering the labour force,her time allocation for household work has not changed significantly. This study suggests that awareness about a fair distribution of responsibilities between men and women should be created in order to reduce the significant gender gap in labour force participation in Pakistan which will help to achieve set target 8.8 of SDG. Time allocation pattern across region and gender: A case study of Pakistan
The Impact of 4P's of Marketing on Student's purchase decisions in University Mini Marts
Authors: Kasirye Faiswal
Published: July 2022

Through the marketing mix, there are many ways of promoting a business, such as a supermarket or a mini-mart. The core function of the marketing mix in the current commercial world is to satisfy the customers' expectations and needs. Therefore, organizations offer promises through the marketing mix using tools such as the product, price, promotion, and place to attract customers and fulfill their expectations. Companies and organizations tend to give affordable prices on top of the quality products they sell to their customers. This study, therefore, aims to examine the Impact of the 4Ps of marketing on students' purchase decisions in university mini-marts. Specifically, the study assesses the levels of product quality, price, promotion, place, and purchase decision amongst IIUM university students. In addition, correlation analysis is run to determine whether there is a relationship between product quality, price, promotion, and place with purchase decisions among university students who shop at university marts. The study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour to explain the relationships between the variables. The quantitative research design and survey method with a questionnaire as the tool for data collection were used in this research. A total of 170 IIUM students participated in this study. The study findings reveal that students tend to consider price and place as essential tools in buying from the university mini-marts. In addition, the students also revealed that they do not consider product quality and promotion when deciding to purchase from the university mini-marts because of the factors highlighted in the study. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is also supported in this study.
Survival and stability of strategic mini-implants with immediate or delayed loading under removable partial dentures: a 3-year randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mundt Torsten , Heinemann Friedhelm , Müller Janine , Schwahn Christian , Jaghsi Ahmad Al
Published: July 2022

Objectives
Stability values of mini-implants (MIs) are ambiguous. Survival data for MIs as supplementary abutments in reduced dentitions are not available. The aim of this explorative research was to estimate the 3-year stability and survival of strategic MIs after immediate and delayed loading by existing removable partial dentures (RPDs).
Material and methods
In a university and three dental practices, patients with unfavorable tooth distributions received supplementary MIs with diameters of 1.8, 2.1, and 2.4mm. The participants were randomly allocated to group A (if the insertion torque ≥ 35 Ncm: immediate loading by housings; otherwise immediate loading by RPD soft relining was performed) or delayed loading group B. Periotest values (PTVs) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were longitudinally compared using mixed models.
Results
A total of 112 maxillary and 120 mandibular MIs were placed under 79 RPDs (31 maxillae). The 1st and 3rd quartile of the PTVs ranged between 1.7 and 7.8, and the RFA values ranged between 30 and 46 with nonrelevant group differences. The 3-year survival rates were 92% in group A versus 95% in group B and 99% in the mandible (one failure) versus 87% in the maxilla (eleven failures among four participants).
Conclusions
Within the limitations of explorative analyses, there were no relevant differences between immediate and delayed loading regarding survival or stability of strategic MIs.
Clinical relevance
The stability values for MIs are lower than for conventional implants. The MI failure rate in the maxilla is higher than in the mandible with cluster failure participants.
Clinical trial registration
: German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS-ID: DRKS00007589, www.germanctr.de), January 15th, 2015
Detection and Delineation of Agricultural Land Losses in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Bashir Ishaku Yakubu , Osesienemo Sallau Rachel , Aliyu Hadiza , Danjuma Abubakar Sheikh , Zunn Aminu , Muhammed Abdulkadir , Jiya Solomon Ndace
Published: July 2022

This study assessed the losses in agricultural lands and enrichment of other land usages in agricultural area in Minna and environs in the state capital of Niger state, Nigeria. Data captured using Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) (1990), Thematic Mapper (TM) (2000-2010) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) (2000, 2010 and 2020) used to quantify LULC changes. A post-classification matrix prepared to assess the modification and conversion in LULC from 1990 to 2020. The significant modification in LULC observed as agricultural lands and vegetation underwent noticeable decline by 714.39km2 and 578.94km2, respectively whereas built up area increased substantially to a value of 96.91km2. About 12.29km2 agricultural land lost to barren land and 12.83km2 converted to water bodies. Finally, the encroachments of vegetation and built up area in agricultural area caused substantial decreased the available land for agricultural activities. Remote sensing data provide useful for estimations of agricultural land loss on a regional scale.
Effect of silver on structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al thin films
Authors: Carrasco Hernández Anel Rocío , Ruvalcaba Ontiveros Rosa Isela , Esparza Ponce Hilda Esperanza , Olivares Ramírez Juan Manuel , Parra Michel Jorge Ramón , Duarte Moller José Alberto
Published: July 2022

In this work, thin films with a ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al multilayer structure were deposited by radio frequency (RF) and pulsed DC sources in a magnetron sputtering system on glass substrates at 50 °C with different deposition times of the Ag layer. The results showed that the thin films' properties improved with increasing the deposition time of the silver metallic interlayer and with thermal treatment at 300 °C for one hour. The highest average transmittance in the visible range was 89 %. The best values of resistivity and conductivity were 10-4 Ω·cm and 103 Ω-1cm-1, respectively. Finally, the XRD patterns showed that with an increase in the Ag layer's deposition time, the plane's peak (111) belonging to the Ag plane was observed.
An integrated assessment of tropical cyclone risks in mainland China by considering hazard, exposure, vulnerability and mitigation
Authors: Yang Zhenhua , Zhao Tongtiegang , Tian Yu , Zhang Yongyong , Chen Xiaohong
Published: July 2022

Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause devastating losses of lives and properties every year across the globe. This paper makes use of detailed geographic data on historical TCs and socio-economic conditions for both coastal and inland regions to assess the TC risk in China. Specifically, the mitigation capacity is integrated into the ‘Hazard–Exposure–Vulnerability’ (HEV) framework, and the TC risks are calculated by using the multiplicative/divisive and additive/subtractive formulae based on indicators of hazards, exposure, vulnerability and mitigation. The estimated TC risks are furthermore validated by using the data of direct economic losses and casualties. The results show that coastal areas in China are generally dominated by high TC risks and that inland areas also suffer considerably due to TC-induced secondary disasters. The TC risks calculated by the additive/subtractive formula can better capture the density of direct economic losses and casualties compared with those calculated by the multiplicative/divisive formula. TC hazard plays an important role in determining TC risks in South China, whereas exposure and mitigation play a critical part in determining TC risks in North China. Overall, the consideration of mitigation capacity makes the calculated TC risks more consistent with the magnitude of direct economic losses and casualties.
Circ_0008768 Suppresses the Pancreatic Cancer Progression via miR-330-
3p/PTEN Axis
Authors: Wang Yingkai , Zhang Jijun , Jia Jiepeng , Qian Bo , Tian Xiaowen
Published: July 2022

Objective:

To probe the role of circular RNA_0008768 (circ_0008768) in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) and its regulatory mechanism.

Methods:

The expression levels of circ_0008768, miR-330-3p, and PTEN mRNA in PC tissues and cells were detected using qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells were detected by CCK-8 method, EdU method, and Transwell assay. The targeting relationship between circ_0008768 and miR-330-3p, as well as miR-330-3p and PTEN mRNA 3'UTR was analyzed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. PTEN expression levels in PC cells were analyzed by Western blot.

Results:

The expression levels of circ_0008768 and PTEN mRNA were significantly reduced in both PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of circ_0008768 exerted an inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells. Knocking down circ_0008768 showed the opposite effect. Circ_0008768 directly targeted and negatively regulated the expression of miR-330-3p. PTEN was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-330-3p. Circ_0008768 could positively regulate the expression of PTEN.

Conclusion:

In PC, circ_0008768 can act as a tumor-suppressive factor to inhibit the development of PC by regulating the miR-330-3p/PTEN molecular axis.
Lipophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Yang Ming , Song Panai , Zhao Li , Wang Xi
Published: July 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and
one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are many factors causing
the progression of DN. Lipid metabolism disorder is a common clinical manifestation
of DN, and ectopic renal lipid deposition was recently proposed as a key factor promoting
the development of DN. Lipophagy is a newly discovered type of selective autophagy
that can remove excessive lipids in cells to maintain lipid homeostasis. Recently, abnormalities
in lipophagy have also been implicated in the progression of DN. Here, we
discuss the formation of lipid droplets, describe lipophagy and its key regulatory signals,
summarize the current research progress of lipophay in DN, and finally propose that
lipophagy may be a potential target for the treatment of DN.
A Review of CO2 Capture by Poly(Ionic liquid)s
Authors: Soni Rajdip , Biswas Rima
Published: July 2022

Over the last two decades, poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have undergone extensive research and development. PILs have opened a whole new passage to versatile ionic polymers. It has compelled the chemical industry to rethink its modern ways of carbon capture. PILs have demonstrated excellent CO2 sorption capacities in comparison to their corresponding ionic liquids (ILs). The effects of the chemical structures of PILs on CO2 sorption, including the types of anion, cation, and backbone, have been discussed. This review aims to cover details of a large range of PILs along with their physical and structural properties, synthesis procedures, and the absorption power towards CO2. Imidazolium-based PILs are some of the strongest absorbents of CO2. On the other hand, PILs with amino acid (AA) anion seem to have a much-improved sorption capacity when compared PILs with the non-AA anionic part. PILs with hexafluorophosphate ion (PF6-) relatively absorb more CO2 compared to tetra-fluoroborate (BF4-) based PILs. The solubility of CO¬2 was increased with increasing pressure and decreased as temperature increased. The inclusion of hydroxyl groups in the polycation increased the interaction with CO2 molecules.¬ The COSMO-RS model was used to understand the molecular-level behavior of PILs in terms of their activity coefficients.
Applications of Deep Learning in Medical Engineering
Authors: Jindal Sumit Kumar , Banerjee Sayak , Patra Ritayan , Paul Arin
Published: July 2022

As a result of considerable breakthroughs in the field of artificial
intelligence, deep learning has achieved exceptional success in resolving issues.This
work brings forth a historical overview of deep learning and neural networks and
further discusses its applications in the domain of medical engineerings - such as
detection of brain tumours, sleep apnea, arrhythmia detection, etc.
One of the most important and mysterious organs of our body is the brain. Like any
other organ, our brain may suffer from various life-threatening diseases like brain
tumours which can be malignant or benign. Analysis of the brain MRI images by
applying convolution neural networks or artificial neural networks can automate this
process by classifying these images into various types of tumours. A faster and more
effective method can be provided by this method for detecting the disease at a key
stage from where recovery is possible.
Sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder involving irregular breathing. The brain detects a
sudden decrease in the level of oxygen and sends a signal to wake the person up while
he is sleeping. Cardiac arrhythmia refers to a group of conditions that causes the heart
to beat irregularly, too slowly, or too quickly, e.g., atrial fibrillation. Deep learning
along with bio-medical signal and audio processing techniques on respiratory sound
datasets and ECG datasets have huge potential in the detection of these diseases. Deep
learning outperforms the existing detection algorithms and a good amount of effort on
feature engineering, augmentation techniques, and building effective filters can get a
high accuracy result.
Juridical review on criminal acts of corruption performed by customers in state-owned enterprises
Authors: Humulhaer Siti
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine: The application of material criminal law, and for judges' consideration of criminal acts of corruption committed by customers in state-owned enterprises. Qualitative research methods that describe the problems in the Decision. Data collection techniques: Surveys to research sites, literature studies through books, relevant research results, and related laws and regulations. Interviews with related parties and officials. Results: (1). The application of material criminal law to criminal acts of corruption in the decision of Article 18 of the 1999 Corruption Crime Act which has been amended by Law Number 20/2001 junto. Article 55 Paragraph (1) 1st KUHP jo. Article 64 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, is appropriate to be applied because it is carried out jointly. (2). The judge's consideration in the decision, based on the facts of the trial, evidence, and statutory regulations, the judge believes that the defendant abused his authority and harmed the state and could not be justified on the grounds of apologizing. Therefore, the defendant is legally and convincingly guilty of committing a criminal act of corruption that was carried out jointly. So the verdict of the trial judge is very correct.
Simultaneous Determination of Free and Esterified Fatty Acids of Food Fats Using a Rapid Gas Chromatographic Method
Authors:   Utah State University, Migliori Aubreyona , Ward Robert E. ,   Utah State University, Martini Silvana ,   Utah State University, Marsh Melissa ,   Utah State University
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method to simultaneously determine the free and esterified fatty acid content of soybean oil (SBO) in the same GC-FID run. Using base catalysis with sodium methoxide in methanol, we were able to selectively derivatize the esterified fatty acids to methyl esters and then separate and measure both the free and esterified fatty acids using a free fatty acid phase (FFAP) column. This method was compared to titration, a traditional method of determining acidity in food fats. Using base catalysis, the esterified fatty acid content of the soybean oil was found to be similar to published values. Interestingly, there were similar proportions of free palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate at trace levels in the SBO. To compare the methods, soybean oil was spiked with free linoleate from 0.04% to 5%. Using titration, the standard curves indicated that the free fatty acid content over a series of samples, measured as oleic acid, had a r2 value of 0.999. Standard curves from gas chromatography showed an r2 value of 0.998 of linoleic acid added in the sample. However, the base catalysis GC method was inaccurate below 0.5% added linoleic acid due to incomplete transesterification. Using thin layer chromatography, it was established that there were residual mono- and diglycerides in the sample. This was not the case when potassium hydroxide in methanol was used. Once the detection limit of free fatty acids is established, this method would be valuable for rapid screening of food fats for free fatty acids.
Optimizing Corn Steep Liquor as Fermentation Media for the Production of Recombinant Antifreeze Proteins
Authors:   Iowa State University, Byanju Bibek , Lamsal Buddhi ,   Iowa State University, Sen Swastik ,   Iowa State University, Mansell Thomas ,   Iowa State University
Published: July 2022

Corn processing byproducts light corn steep liquor (CSL) and thin stillage were utilized as fermentation growth media for higher growths of wild type and recombinant Lactococcus lactis modified to produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs). A combination of additives and trace elements- disodium-β-glycerophosphate (DG), tryptone (T), ascorbic acid (AA), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg) were evaluated in media at 100 mL volume in a 96-well Bioscreen plate with three replicates. The addition of additives and trace elements increased the optical density OD600 by more than 40%, indicating the growth of wild type as well as recombinant L. lactis strains when compared to control without any additives in growth media. The CSL media at 50% (v/v) in water with 5 g/L DG, 5 g/L T, 0.5 g/L AA, and 4 mg/L Zn was selected as the best-optimized media for the further fermentation process. The specific growth rates and cell doubling times for the bacteria were compared for both wild-type and recombinant-type strains. Compared to the wild type, the recombinant type had a lower growth rates and longer doubling times. The highest growth rate (0.52 ± 0.00 h-1) and smallest doubling time (1.32 ± 0.01 h) were observed for M17 media, which is a well-defined sugar-rich commercial media for L. lactis. The lowest growth rate (0.39 ± 0.01 h-1) and highest doubling time (1.77 ± 0.06 h) were observed for thin stillage-based media. Results indicate that AFPs can be produced comparatively well in corn processing coproduct-based media; such AFP would have the potential for use in many food and non-food applications.
An Efficient and Environment Friendly Bio-based Polyols Through Liquefaction: Liquefaction Temperature and Catalyst Concentration Optimization and Utilized for Rigid Polyurethane Foams
Authors:   SICART, PATEL CHIRAGKUMAR M. , Dhore Nikhil ,   IICT Hyderabad
Published: July 2022

Aiming towards the liquefaction of paddy straw was accumulation as well as providing a technically viable route leading to preservation of the natural resources and environment, the paddy straw was chemically liquefied. Paddy straw were liquefied into bio-based polyol in the presence of castor oil and blend of castor and karanja oil as depolymerizing agent and p-toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. Liquefied product was characterized by chemical as well as analytical techniques. The agricultural waste base paddy straw was eventually converted into polymeric precursor (polyol) monomer with nearly 80 to 95% yield by employing 2% catalyst concentration and at optimized temperature of 180 °C. Synthesized polyol can be utilized further in formulating high quality rigid polyurethane foams. The foams were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. All foams exhibit good compressive strengths and thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of foams varied between 0.012 and 0.023 Kcal/mh C, with the lowest being of foam from liquefied (LP), making it suitable for utilization as an insulation material.