bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Carbohydrate‐Derived Derivatives of Erlotinib
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Jiang Luxia , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei
Published: August 2016

Preclinical Research

A series of novel carbohydrate‐derived Erlotinib derivatives were prepared by the copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of erlotinib with various azido‐sugars. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized and their cytostatic effects evaluated in vitro on human cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231, HEPG‐2, A549, and MCF‐7 using an MTS assay. The novel erlotinib derivatives had the expected inhibitory effects on MDA‐MB‐231 and HEPG‐2 cell llines. Among the compounds evaluated the carbohydrate‐derived compounds 5b, 5d, 6a, and 6c had more potent activities against MDA‐MB‐231 or HEPG‐2 than Erlotinib. Drug Dev Res, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Broad‐complex, tramtrack, and bric‐à‐brac (BTB) proteins: Critical regulators of development
Authors: Chaharbakhshi Edwin , Jemc Jennifer C.
Published: August 2016

Broad‐complex, Tramtrack, and Bric‐à‐brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) family proteins are a diverse family of proteins that are characterized by the presence of a common protein‐protein interaction domain, known as the BTB domain. BTB proteins have been identified in poxviruses and many eukaryotes, and have diverse functions, ranging from transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling to protein degradation and cytoskeletal regulation. Specificity of function is determined in part by additional domains present in BTB family proteins, as well as by interaction partners. Studies of BTB proteins in Drosophila and mammalian systems have revealed the importance of these genes in multiple developmental contexts, as well as in cancer and neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we discuss the functions of BTB/POZ proteins during development with an emphasis on BTB‐zinc finger (BTB‐ZF) proteins, which play critical roles in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling.
Severe avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and coexisting stimulant treated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Pennell Alexandra , Couturier Jennifer , Grant Christina , Johnson Natasha
Published: August 2016

There is a growing body of literature describing the development, clinical course, and treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a diagnostic category introduced in the DSM‐5. However, information surrounding complex cases of ARFID involving coexisting medical and/or psychiatric disorders remains scarce. Here we report on two cases of young patients diagnosed concurrently with ARFID and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who both experienced significant growth restriction following initiation of stimulant medication. The appetite suppressant effect of stimulants exacerbated longstanding avoidant and restrictive eating behaviors resulting in growth restriction and admission to an inpatient eating disorders unit. The implications of ARFID exacerbated by stimulant‐treated ADHD are explored, as well as the treatment delivered. These cases suggest that further research is needed to explore management options to counteract the appetite suppression effects of stimulants, while simultaneously addressing attention deficit symptoms and oppositional behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1036–1039)
Participant feedback from peer‐led, clinician‐led, and internet‐delivered eating disorder prevention interventions
Authors: Shaw Heather , Rohde Paul , Stice Eric
Published: August 2016

Objective

This article examines qualitative participant feedback to clinician‐delivered groups, peer‐delivered groups, and an Internet version of a dissonance‐based eating disorder prevention program from a controlled trial. These data have not been systematically examined and can inform the refinement and implementation of eating disorder prevention programs.

Method

Feedback was collected from body dissatisfied young women (N = 680; M age = 22.2, SD = 7.1) randomized to a clinician‐led group, peer‐led group, Internet version of this prevention program or to an educational video.

Results

Clinician and peer‐led group participants reported the group setting, feeling that they were not alone, and the letter exercise as most valuable; the most common response of what was less valuable was “none.” Many participants of the Internet version suggested increasing community support.

Conclusions

Findings suggest the importance of considering the therapeutic value of group membership, and that online prevention programs could be enhanced by providing a mechanism for community support, such as an online forum. Results also inform selective prevention and suggest that screening potential participants to determine which delivery method best suits them should be considered. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1087–1092)
Conformational Analysis and Binding Properties of a Cavity Containing Porphyrin Catalyst Provided with Urea Functions
Authors: Hidalgo Ramos Pilar , Saisaha Pattama , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Rowan Alan E. , Nolte Roeland J. M.
Published: August 2016

Urea‐functionalized porphyrin catalysts containing a cavity, which are used for the processive epoxidation of polymers, are thoroughly characterized and their binding properties and other supramolecular features disclosed. Intramolecular coordination of the urea side chains to the metal center of the porphyrin moiety is unveiled through NMR, IR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy studies. This intramolecular coordination appears to be essential in order to facilitate catalysis in a pseudo‐rotaxane fashion, i.e. by preventing the use of an excess of bulky axial ligands. The current investigation provides information on how to modulate in a dynamic fashion the catalytic activity of supramolecular systems, which is of interest for the design of increasingly efficient processive catalysts.
A simple method for determination of erythritol, maltitol, xylitol, and sorbitol in sugar‐free chocolates by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Coelho Aline Guadalupe , de Jesus Dosil Pereira
Published: August 2016

In this work, a novel and simple analytical method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) is proposed for the determination of the polyols erythritol, maltitol, xylitol, and sorbitol in sugar‐free chocolate. CE separation of the polyols was achieved in less than 6 min, and it was mediated by the interaction between the polyols and the borate ions in the background electrolyte, forming negatively charged borate esters. The extraction of the polyols from the samples was simply obtained using ultra‐pure water and ultrasonic energy. Linearity was assessed by calibration curves that showed R2 varying from 0.9920 to 0.9976. The LOQs were 12.4, 15.9, 9.0, and 9.0 μg/g for erythritol, maltitol, xylitol, and sorbitol, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by recovery tests, and the obtained recoveries varied from 70 to 116% with standard deviations ranging from 0.2 to 19%. The CE‐C4D method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied polyols in commercial samples of sugar‐free chocolate.
Metabolic response of Pseudomonas putida to increased NADH regeneration rates
Authors: Zobel Sebastian , Kuepper Jannis , Ebert Birgitta , Wierckx Nick , Blank Lars M.
Published: August 2016

Pseudomonas putida efficiently utilizes many different carbon sources without the formation of byproducts even under conditions of stress. This implies a high degree of flexibility to cope with conditions that require a significantly altered distribution of carbon to either biomass or energy in the form of NADH. In the literature, co‐feeding of the reduced C1 compound formate to Escherichia coli heterologously expressing the NAD+‐dependent formate dehydrogenase of the yeast Candida boidinii was demonstrated to boost various NADH‐demanding applications. Pseudomonas putida as emerging biotechnological workhorse is inherently equipped with an NAD+‐dependent formate dehydrogenase encouraging us to investigate the use of formate and its effect on P. putida’s metabolism. Hence, this study provides a detailed insight into the co‐utilization of formate and glucose by P. putida. Our results show that the addition of formate leads to a high increase in the NADH regeneration rate resulting in a very high biomass yield on glucose. Metabolic flux analysis revealed a significant flux rerouting from catabolism to anabolism. These metabolic insights argue further for P. putida as a host for redox cofactor demanding bioprocesses.
Development of a single phase nitrate feeding strategy for enhanced lipid productivity from green microalgae for biodiesel production
Authors: Sonkar Sashi , Mallick Nirupama
Published: August 2016

Biomass productivity and cellular lipid content are two major components that influence the ultimate lipid productivity from algal biomass. In this report, a nitrate feeding strategy was developed taking three green microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, and C. minutissima, to achieve higher lipid productivity under single phase cultivation. Four different strategies, i.e. nitrate‐sufficient, nitrate‐deficient, biphasic nitrate‐deficient and low‐dose sequential nitrate feeding, were examined. The biphasic nitrate‐deficient approach depicted the maximum lipid productivity. To bring this biphasic approach to a single phase, sequential limited nitrate feeding strategy was examined. This showed nitrate supplementation with a 1/100th dose of standard N 11 medium at an interval of 3 days resulted in a significant rise in lipid productivity. The biodiesel samples also demonstrated the predominance of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. This study, therefore, suggests that with appropriate standardization, the usual biphasic approach can be brought down to a single phase, thereby reducing the overall cost of microalgal biomass production for biodiesel purpose. Moreover, this strategy is user‐friendly, and would reduce the nitrate requirements for large‐scale cultivation, thus, would result in cost‐effective and eco‐friendly biodiesel production from microalgae. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 222–231, 2017
Long‐range terrestrial laser scanning for geomorphological change detection in alpine terrain – handling uncertainties
Authors: Fey Christine , Wichmann Volker
Published: August 2016

Long‐range terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is an emerging method for the monitoring of alpine slopes in the vicinity of infrastructure. Nevertheless, deformation monitoring of alpine natural terrain is difficult and becomes even more challenging with larger scan distances. In this study we present approaches for the handling of spatially variable measurement uncertainties in the context of geomorphological change detection using multi‐temporal data sets. A robust distance measurement is developed, which deals with surface roughness and areas of lower point densities. The level of detection (LOD), i.e. the threshold distinguishing between real surface change and data noise, is based on a confidence interval considering the spatial variability of TLS errors caused by large laser footprints, low incidence angles and surface roughness. Spatially variable positional uncertainties are modelled for each point according to its range and the object geometry hit. The local point cloud roughness is estimated in the distance calculation process from the variance of least‐squares fitted planes. Distance calculation and LOD assessment are applied in two study areas in the Eastern Alps (Austria) using multi‐temporal laser scanning data sets of slopes surrounding reservoir lakes. At Finstertal, two TLS point clouds of high alpine terrain and scanned from ranges between 300 and 1800 m are compared. At Gepatsch, the comparison is done between an airborne laser scanning (ALS) and a TLS point cloud of a vegetated mountain slope scanned from ranges between 600 and 3600 m. Although these data sets feature different conditions regarding the scan setup and the surface conditions, the presented approach makes it possible to reliably analyse the geomorphological activity. This includes the automatic detection of rock glacier movement, rockfall and debris slides, even in areas where a difference in vegetation cover could be observed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of drying kiwi slices and its sensory evaluation
Authors: Mahjoorian Abbas , Mokhtarian Mohsen , Fayyaz Nasrin , Rahmati Fatemeh , Sayyadi Shabnam , Ariaii Peiman
Published: August 2016

In this study, monolayer drying of kiwi slices was simulated by a laboratory‐scale hot‐air dryer. The drying process was carried out at three different temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C. After the end of drying process, initially, the experimental drying data were fitted to the 11 well‐known drying models. The results indicated that Two‐term model gave better performance compared with other models to monitor the moisture ratio (with average R2 value equal .998). Also, this study used artificial neural network (ANN) in order to feasibly predict dried kiwi slices moisture ratio (y), based on the time and temperature drying inputs (x1, x2). In order to do this research, two main activation functions called logsig and tanh, widely used in engineering calculations, were applied. The results revealed that, logsig activation function base on 13 neurons in first and second hidden layers were selected as the best configuration to predict the moisture ratio. This network was able to predict moisture ratio with R2 value .997. Furthermore, kiwi slice favorite is evaluated by sensory evaluation. In this test, sense qualities as color, aroma, flavor, appearance, and chew ability (tissue brittleness) are considered.
The norepinephrine system affects specific neurophysiological subprocesses in the modulation of inhibitory control by working memory demands
Authors: Chmielewski Witold X. , Mückschel Moritz , Ziemssen Tjalf , Beste Christian
Published: August 2016

Inhibitory control processes are known to be modulated by working memory demands. However, the neurobiological mechanisms behind these modulations are inconclusive. One important system to consider in this regard is the locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) system. In the current study the role of the LC‐NE system by means of pupil diameter recordings that are integrated with neurophysiological (EEG) and source localization data were examined. A combined mental‐rotation Go/Nogo task was used. The results show that increases in working memory load complicate response inhibition processes. On a neurophysiological level these effects were reflected by specific modulations in event‐related potentials (ERPs) reflecting motor inhibition processes (i.e., Nogo‐P3). Attentional selection processes (reflected by the P1 and N1) as well as pre‐motor inhibition or conflict monitoring processes (reflected by the Nogo‐N2) were not affected. Activity of the LC‐NE systems, as indexed by the pupil diameter data, predicted neurophysiological processes selectively in the Nogo‐P3 time range. Source localization analyses suggest that this modulation occurs in the right middle and inferior frontal gyrus. The study provides evidence that the LC‐NE system is an important neurobiological system modulating the effects of working memory load on response inhibition processes. More specifically, it modulates a subset of dissociable cognitive processes that are related to prefrontal cortical regions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:68–81, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Structure–Activity Study of Nickel NNN Pincer Complexes for Alkyl‐Alkyl Kumada and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions
Authors: Di Franco Thomas , Stojanovic Marko , Keller Sébastien Carlos , Scopelliti Rosario , Hu Xile
Published: August 2016

A new series of Ni NNN pincer complexes were synthesized and characterized. The main difference among these complexes is the substituents on the side arm amino group(s). No major structural difference was found except for the C–N–C angle of the various substituents and the ‘pseudo bite angle’ of the complexes. Four new complexes were efficient for the alkyl‐alkyl Kumada reaction of primary alkyl halides, and among them, one complex was also efficient with secondary alkyl halides. The influence of the substituents on the catalytic performance of the Ni complexes in alkyl‐alkyl Kumada and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions was systematically investigated. No correlation was found between the catalytic activity and the key structural parameters (C–N–C angle and ‘pseudo bite angle’), redox properties or Lewis acidity of the complexes.
Prognostic value of baseline seric Syndecan‐1 in initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients: a simple biological score
Authors: Jary Marine , Lecomte Thierry , Bouché Olivier , Kim Stefano , Dobi Erion , Queiroz Lise , Ghiringhelli Francois , Etienne Hélène , Léger Julie , Godet Yann , Balland Jérémy , Lakkis Zaher , Adotevi Olivier , Bonnetain Franck , Borg Christophe , Vernerey Dewi
Published: August 2016

In first‐line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), baseline prognostic factors allowing death risk and treatment strategy stratification are lacking. Syndecan‐1 (CD138) soluble form was never described as a prognostic biomarker in mCRC. We investigated its additional prognostic value for overall survival (OS). mCRC patients with unresectable disease at diagnosis were treated with bevacizumab‐based chemotherapy in two independent prospective clinical trials (development set: n = 126, validation set: n = 51, study NCT00489697 and study NCT00544011, respectively). Serums were collected at baseline for CD138 measurement. OS determinants were assessed and, based on the final multivariate model, a prognostic score was proposed. Two independent OS prognostic factors were identified: Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) high level (p = 0.0066) and log‐CD138 high level (p = 0.0190). The determination of CD138 binary information (cutoff: 75 ng/mL) allowed the assessment of a biological prognostic score with CD138 and LDH values, identifying three risk groups for death (median OS= 38.9, 30.1 and 19.8 months for the low, intermediate and high risk groups, respectively; p < 0.0001). This score had a good discrimination ability (C‐index = 0.63). These results were externally confirmed in the validation set. Our study provides robust evidence in favor of the additional baseline soluble CD138 prognostic value for OS, in mCRC patients. A simple biological scoring system is proposed including LDH and CD138 binary status values.
A global view on cancer incidence and national levels of the human development index
Authors: Fidler Miranda M. , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bray Freddie
Published: August 2016

Socioeconomic factors are associated with cancer incidence through complex and variable pathways. We assessed cancer incidence for all cancers combined and 27 major types according to national human development levels. Using GLOBOCAN data for 184 countries, age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were assessed by four levels (low, medium, high, very high) of the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite index of life expectancy, education, and gross national income. A strong positive relationship between overall cancer incidence and HDI level was observed. When comparing the ASR in very high HDI regions with that in low HDI regions, we observed a positive association ranging from 2 to 14 and 2 to 11 times higher in males and females, respectively, depending on the cancer type. Positive dose–response relationships between the ASR and HDI level were observed in both sexes for the following cancer types: lung, pancreas, leukemia, gallbladder, colorectum, brain/nervous system, kidney, multiple myeloma, and thyroid. Positive associations were also observed for testicular, bladder, lip/oral cavity, and other pharyngeal cancers, Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma of the skin in males, and corpus uteri, breast, and ovarian cancers and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in females. A negative dose–response relationship was observed for cervical and other pharyngeal cancers and Kaposi sarcoma in females. Although the relationship between incidence and the HDI remained when assessed at the country‐specific level, variations in risk within HDI levels were also observed. We highlight positive and negative associations between incidence and human development for most cancers, which will aid the planning of cancer control priorities among countries undergoing human development transitions.
Phase II study of the effectiveness and safety of trastuzumab and paclitaxel for taxane‐ and trastuzumab‐naïve patients with HER2‐positive, previously treated, advanced, or recurrent gastric cancer (JFMC45‐1102)
Authors: Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Takahashi Tsunehiro , Takaishi Hiromasa , Miki Akira , Noshiro Hirokazu , Yoshikawa Takaki , Nishida Yasunori , Iwasa Satoru , Miwa Hiroto , Masuishi Toshiki , Boku Narikazu , Yamada Yasuhide , Kodera Yasuhiro , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Morita Satoshi , Sakamoto Junichi , Saji Shigetoyo , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: August 2016

Paclitaxel is a standard second‐line gastric cancer treatment in Japan. Trastuzumab could be active as second‐line chemotherapy for taxane/trastuzumab‐naïve patients with epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)‐positive advanced gastric cancer. Patients aged ≥20 years with HER2‐positive, previously treated (except for trastuzumab and taxane), unresectable or recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma underwent combined trastuzumab (first and subsequent doses of 8 and 6 mg kg−1, respectively, every 3 weeks) and paclitaxel (days 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) treatment. Study endpoints were best overall response, progression‐free survival, overall survival, and safety. From September 2011 to March 2012, 47 Japanese patients were enrolled. Forty patients discontinued treatment after a median of 128.5 (range 4–486) days. Complete and partial responses were obtained in one and 16 patients (response rate of 37% [95% CI 23–52]), respectively. Median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 5.1 (95% CI 3.8–6.5) and 17.1 (95% CI 13.5–18.6) months, respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (32.6%), leukopenia (17.4%), anemia (15.2%) and hypoalbuminemia (8.7%). There was no clinically significant cardiotoxicity or cumulative toxicity. Three (disturbed consciousness, pulmonary fibrosis, and rapid disease progression) grade 5 events occurred. In conclusion, trastuzumab combined with paclitaxel was well tolerated and was a promising regimen for patients with HER2‐positive, previously treated, advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.
Tuberculosis, smoking and risk for lung cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Hong Seri , Mok Yejin , Jeon Christina , Jee Sun Ha , Samet Jonathan M.
Published: August 2016

Among the exposures associated with risk for lung cancer, a history of tuberculosis (TB) is one potentially important factor, given the high prevalence of TB worldwide. A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the associations of preexisting pulmonary TB with lung cancer incidence and mortality. The cohort consisted of 1,607,710 Korean adults covered by the National Health Insurance System who had a biennial national medical examination during 1997–2000. During up to 16 years of follow‐up, there were 12,819 incident cases of lung cancer and 9,562 lung cancer deaths. Using Cox proportional hazards models and controlling for age, cigarette smoking and other covariates, the presence of underlying TB was significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer incidence (HR 1.37 in men with 95% CI 1.29–1.45; HR 1.49 in women with 95% CI 1.28–1.74) and mortality (HR 1.43 in men with 95% CI 1.34–1.52; HR 1.53 in women with 95% CI 1.28–1.83). We also observed a dose‐response relationship between number of cigarettes smoked daily and lung cancer risk. There was no evidence for synergism between a history of TB and smoking. The elevation in risk is relatively modest, particularly in comparison to that from smoking, and a prior history of TB is not likely to be useful risk indicator for clinical purposes. In populations with high prevalence of TB, it can be considered for incorporation into models for lung cancer risk prediction.
Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha down‐regulates type i collagen through Sp3 transcription factor in human chondrocytes
Authors: Duval Elise , Bouyoucef Mouloud , Leclercq Sylvain , Baugé Catherine , Boumédiene Karim
Published: August 2016

Cartilage engineering is one challenging issue in regenerative medicine. Low oxygen tension or hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1α) gene therapy are promising strategies in the field of cartilage repair. Previously, we showed that hypoxia and its mediator HIF‐1 regulate matrix genes expression (collagens and aggrecan). Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of type I collagen (COL1A1) by HIF‐1 in human articular chondrocytes. We show that HIF‐1α reduces COL1A1 transcription, through a distal promoter (−2300 to −1816 bp upstream transcription initiation site), containing two GC boxes that bind Sp transcription factors (Sp1/Sp3). Sp1 acts as a positive regulator but is not induced by HIF‐1. COL1A1 inhibition caused by HIF‐1 implies only Sp3, which accumulates and competes Sp1 binding on COL1A1 promoter. Additionally, Sp3 ectopic expression inhibits COL1A1, while Sp3 knockdown counteracts the downregulation of COL1A1 induced by HIF‐1. In conclusion, we established a new regulatory model of COL1A1 regulation by HIF‐1, and bring out its relationship with Sp3 transcription factor. In a fundamental level, these findings give insights in the mechanisms controlling COL1A1 gene expression. This may be helpful to improve strategies to impair type I collagen expression during chondrocyte differentiation for cartilage engineering. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):756–763, 2016
MicroRNA‐106b targets FUT6 to promote cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in human breast cancer
Authors: Li Nana , Liu Yuejian , Miao Yuan , Zhao Lifen , Zhou Huimin , Jia Li
Published: August 2016

It is demonstrated that the maladjustment of microRNA (miRNA) plays significant roles in the occurrence and development of tumors. MicroRNA‐106b‐5p (miR‐106b), a carcinogenic miRNA, is identified as a dysregulated miRNA in human breast cancer. In this article, the expression levels of miR‐106b were discovered to be particularly higher in breast cancer tissues than that in the corresponding adjacent tissues. Accordingly, miR‐106b was higher expressed in the breast cancer cell lines compared with that in the normal breast cell lines. Moreover, according to the data previously reported, increased expression of miR‐106b was significantly associated with advanced clinical stages and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6), a member of the fucosyltransferase (FUT) family, was found to have a reduced expression in tissues or cells with higher level of miR‐106b in breast cancer. Additionally, down‐regulation of miR‐106b increased the expression of FUT6 and resulted in an obvious decrease of cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Furthermore, over‐expressed FUT6 reversed the impacts of up‐regulated miR‐106b on cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in MCF‐7 cells, indicating that FUT6 might be directly targeted by miR‐106b and serve as therapeutic targets for breast cancer. In brief, our results strongly showed that the low expression of FUT6 regulated by miR‐106b contributed to cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in human breast cancer. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):764–775, 2016
Residents' self‐report on why they order perceived unnecessary inpatient laboratory tests
Authors: Sedrak Mina S. , Patel Mitesh S. , Ziemba Justin B. , Murray Dana , Kim Esther J. , Dine C. Jessica , Myers Jennifer S.
Published: August 2016

Resident physicians routinely order unnecessary inpatient laboratory tests. As hospitalists face growing pressures to reduce low‐value services, understanding the factors that drive residents' laboratory ordering can help steer resident training in high‐value care. We conducted a qualitative analysis of internal medicine (IM) and general surgery (GS) residents at a large academic medical center to describe the frequency of perceived unnecessary ordering of inpatient laboratory tests, factors contributing to that behavior, and potential interventions to change it. The sample comprised 57.0% of IM and 54.4% of GS residents. Among respondents, perceived unnecessary inpatient laboratory test ordering was self‐reported by 88.2% of IM and 67.7% of GS residents, occurring on a daily basis by 43.5% and 32.3% of responding IM and GS residents, respectively. Across both specialties, residents attributed their behaviors to the health system culture, lack of transparency of the costs associated with health care services, and lack of faculty role models that celebrate restraint. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:869–872. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Developing a comportment and communication tool for use in hospital medicine
Authors: Kotwal Susrutha , Khaliq Waseem , Landis Regina , Wright Scott
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

An exceptional experience in a hospital is largely influenced by the quality and performance of the hospitalist physician. We set out to establish a metric that would comprehensively assess hospitalists' comportment and communication to establish norms and expectations.

METHODS

The chiefs of hospital medicine divisions at 5 hospitals were asked to identify their “most clinically excellent” hospitalists. An investigator observed each hospitalist during a routine clinical shift and recorded behaviors believed to be associated with excellent comportment and communication using the hospital medicine comportment and communication tool (HMCCOT). Content, internal structure, and relation to other variables validity evidence were established. Analysis of the data for every single patient encounter allowed for the iterative revision of the HMCCOT and the calculation of scores. The mean HMCCOT score of each provider was compared to their Press Ganey (PG) scores.

RESULTS

The mean age of the 26 participating physicians was 38 years, 13 (50%) were female, and 16 (62%) were of nonwhite race. The mean HMCCOT score was 61 (interquartile range = 37–80). HMCCOT score and PG were moderately correlated (adjusted Pearson correlation = 0.45, P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS

This study represents a first step to specifically characterize comportment and communication in hospital medicine. Because hospitalists spend only a small proportion of their clinical time in direct patient care, it is imperative that excellent comportment and communication be established as a goal for every encounter. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:853–858. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Post‐embryonic development of canal and superficial neuromasts and the generation of two cranial lateral line phenotypes
Authors: Becker Emily A. , Bird Nathan C. , Webb Jacqueline F.
Published: August 2016

The relatively simple structural organization of the cranial lateral line system of bony fishes provides a valuable context in which to explore the ways in which variation in post‐embryonic development results in functionally distinct phenotypes, thus providing a link between development, evolution, and behavior. Vital fluorescent staining, histology, and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe the distribution, morphology, and ontogeny of the canal and superficial neuromasts on the head of two Lake Malawi cichlids with contrasting lateral line canal phenotypes (Tramitichromis sp. [narrow‐simple, well‐ossified canals with small pores] and Aulonocara stuartgranti [widened, more weakly ossified canals with large pores]). This work showed that: 1) the patterning (number, distribution) of canal neuromasts, and the process of canal morphogenesis typical of bony fishes was the same in the two species, 2) two sub‐populations of neuromasts (presumptive canal neuromasts and superficial neuromasts) are already distinguishable in small larvae and demonstrate distinctive ontogenetic trajectories in both species, 3) canal neuromasts differ with respect to ontogenetic trends in size and proportions between canals and between species, 4) the size, shape, configuration, physiological orientation, and overall rate of proliferation varies among the nine series of superficial neuromasts, which are found in both species, and 5) in Aulonocara, in particular, a consistent number of canal neuromasts accompanied by variability in the formation of canal pores during canal morphogenesis demonstrates independence of early and late phases of lateral line development. This work provides a new perspective on the contributions of post‐embryonic phases of lateral line development and to the generation of distinct phenotypes in the lateral line system of bony fishes. J. Morphol. 277:1273–1291, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A three‐dimensional morphometric analysis of upper forelimb morphology in the enigmatic tapir (Perissodactyla: Tapirus) hints at subtle variations in locomotor ecology
Authors: MacLaren Jamie A. , Nauwelaerts Sandra
Published: August 2016

Forelimb morphology is an indicator for terrestrial locomotor ecology. The limb morphology of the enigmatic tapir (Perissodactyla: Tapirus) has often been compared to that of basal perissodactyls, despite the lack of quantitative studies comparing forelimb variation in modern tapirs. Here, we present a quantitative assessment of tapir upper forelimb osteology using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to test whether the four modern tapir species are monomorphic in their forelimb skeleton. The shape of the upper forelimb bones across four species (T. indicus; T. bairdii; T. terrestris; T. pinchaque) was investigated. Bones were laser scanned to capture surface morphology and 3D landmark analysis was used to quantify shape. Discriminant function analyses were performed to reveal features which could be used for interspecific discrimination. Overall our results show that the appendicular skeleton contains notable interspecific differences. We demonstrate that upper forelimb bones can be used to discriminate between species (>91% accuracy), with the scapula proving the most diagnostic bone (100% accuracy). Features that most successfully discriminate between the four species include the placement of the cranial angle of the scapula, depth of the humeral condyle, and the caudal deflection of the olecranon. Previous studies comparing the limbs of T. indicus and T. terrestris are corroborated by our quantitative findings. Moreover, the mountain tapir T. pinchaque consistently exhibited the greatest divergence in morphology from the other three species. Despite previous studies describing tapirs as functionally mediportal in their locomotor style, we find osteological evidence suggesting a spectrum of locomotor adaptations in the tapirs. We conclude that modern tapir forelimbs are neither monomorphic nor are tapirs as conserved in their locomotor habits as previously described. J. Morphol. 277:1469–1485, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally invasive and robotic esophagectomy: Evolution and evidence
Authors: Qureshi Yassar A. , Dawas Khaled I. , Mughal Muntzer , Mohammadi Borzoueh
Published: August 2016

Esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis, with little improvement in outcomes in recent years. Surgery maintains its pivotal role in cure, but this involves two or three compartment dissection with associated high risks. Chiefly, pulmonary complications following surgery are most common, and can be life‐threatening. As a consequence, minimally invasive and robotic esophagectomy have been performed with improving efficacy and equivalent oncological outcomes. This is a review of the pertinent literature regarding these techniques. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:731–735. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impacts of small vestibular schwannoma on community ambulation, postural, and ocular control
Authors: Low Choy Nancy L. , Lucey Mary‐Therese M. , Lewandowski Susan L. , Panizza Benedict J.
Published: August 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate balance, community mobility, gaze instability, and dizziness handicap and assess falls risk in people who are conservatively managed with small vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study with controls.

Methods

The study involved 18 people (mean age 58.7 ± 12.2 years) diagnosed with VS (<12 mm) and 22 age‐matched controls (mean age 56.9 ± 8.0 years). Measures included standing on firm and foam surfaces with feet apart, then together with eyes open and closed, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and dual TUG test, Dynamic Gait Index, 6‐Minute Walk Test, Halmagyi Impulse Test, Dynamic Visual Acuity Test, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.

Results

The clinical group failed more trials standing feet together on foam with eyes closed (P < .05); had inferior mobility and walked more slowly with divided attention (P < .05); had more difficulty walking with head movement, negotiating obstacles, and using stairs (P < .01); and walked shorter distances (P < .001) than controls. Reduced gaze stability (P < .01) and higher total (P = .007) and subcategory dizziness handicap scores (P < .05) were revealed compared to age‐matched controls.

Conclusions

Although outcomes for the clinical group are inferior to the control group across all measures and the dizziness impact is higher, the results fall in the low‐risk category for falls. Preliminary data (level 4 evidence) support using a suite of clinical measures to monitor people with VS during conservative management.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 127:1147–1152, 2017
Midcervical scar satisfaction in thyroidectomy patients
Authors: Best Amy R. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Cordes Susan R.
Published: August 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Assess long‐term patient satisfaction with conventional thyroidectomy scars and the impact of thyroidectomy scars on patient quality of life.

Study Design

Validated survey administration and retrospective review of clinical and demographic data.

Methods

Patients who underwent conventional thyroidectomy through years 2000 to 2010 were identified and administered the validated Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire. Mean satisfaction, appearance and scar‐consciousness scores were determined. Thirty‐seven patients also measured the length of their current scar. Patient demographic and operative data were collected retrospectively from the medical record. Data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance and independent samples t testing.

Results

Sixty of 69 patients perceived the appearance of their scar to be “good” or “excellent.” Sixty‐three patients (91.3%) were satisfied with all scar outcomes; 67 (97.1%) were satisfied with the overall appearance of their scar. Mean total satisfaction score was 17.3 (<26 indicates a high level of satisfaction). Fifty‐six (81.2%) were “not at all” self‐conscious of their scar; 65 (94.2%) reported no attempt to hide their scar. Seven patients (10.1%) indicated any likelihood of pursuing scar revision. Females had significantly higher total satisfaction scores, consciousness scores, and satisfaction with appearance scores. The effect of perceived scar length was significant for scar‐consciousness, not patient satisfaction.

Conclusions

The majority of patients were satisfied with their thyroidectomy scar appearance. Few patients reported a desire to hide the scar or pursue revision. Women were more likely to be dissatisfied than men. Length may play a role in scar consciousness.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 127:1247–1252, 2017
Nerve transfer for sensory reconstruction of C8‐T1 dermatomes in tetraplegia
Authors: Bertelli Jayme A. , Ghizoni Marcos F.
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Absence of sensation in C8‐T1 dermatome is a common finding in midcervical spinal cord injury. The goal was to restore sensation on the C8‐T1 dermatomes by transferring sensory nerves with afferents on C5‐C6 roots.

Methods

A mean 10 months post spinal cord injury, we operated on 10 upper limbs from 5 tetraplegics averaging 23 years old. Cutaneous branches of the median nerve were transferred to the palm to the ulnar proper digital nerve of the little finger. In two patients, the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve was also transferred to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Results

At a mean 20 months after surgery, on the ulnar side of the hand and little finger, all patients were able to perceive 19.3 g Semmes–Weinstein monofilament pressure. Nociception was restored on the medial side of the elbow, forearm, and hand. Faulty location was a common finding, but not as a major complaint.

Conclusions

Sensory nerve transfers should be incorporated into the reconstruction of the upper limb in tetraplegics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:637–641, 2016.
Phase‐updated regularized SENSE for navigator‐free multishot diffusion imaging
Authors: Hu Zhangxuan , Ma Xiaodong , Truong Trong‐Kha , Song Allen W. , Guo Hua
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Either SENSE+CG or POCS‐ICE methods can be used to correct for motion‐induced phase errors in navigator‐free multishot diffusion imaging. SENSE+CG has the advantage of a fast convergence, however, occasionally the convergence can be unstable, thus degrading the image quality. POCS‐ICE has a stable convergence and can be used with a high number of shots, but its convergence is slow, which limits its practical usage. The study here proposes an improved method based on both SENSE+CG and POCS‐ICE, called Phase‐updated Regularized SENSE (PR‐SENSE), for navigator‐free multishot diffusion imaging.

Theory and Methods

In PR‐SENSE, a total variation regularization method is used to solve the SENSE inverse problem instead of the conjugate gradient method used in SENSE+CG. This method is implemented by using a lagged diffusivity fixed point iteration algorithm. Additionally, the phase is updated during the iteration process to improve the image accuracy.

Results

Simulations and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PR‐SENSE can successfully correct for the motion‐induced phase errors in multi‐shot DWI. It integrates the advantages of SENSE+CG and POCS‐ICE, resulting in a fast and stable convergence with improved image quality.

Conclusion

Given its advantages, PR‐SENSE is a significant improvement over other methods for navigator‐free high‐resolution DWI. Magn Reson Med 78:172–181, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Adiabatically prepared spin‐lock approach for T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI at ultrahigh fields
Authors: Schuenke Patrick , Koehler Christina , Korzowski Andreas , Windschuh Johannes , Bachert Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Mundiyanapurath Sibu , Paech Daniel , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Bonekamp David , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Radbruch Alexander , Zaiss Moritz
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Chemical exchange sensitive spin‐lock and related techniques allow to observe the uptake of administered D‐glucose in vivo. The exchange‐weighting increases with the magnetic field strength, but inhomogeneities in the radiofrequency (RF) field at ultrahigh field whole‐body scanners lead to artifacts in conventional spin‐lock experiments. Thus, our aim was the development of an adiabatically prepared T1ρ‐based imaging sequence applicable to studies of glucose metabolism in tumor patients at ultrahigh field strengths.

Methods

An adiabatically prepared on‐resonant spin‐lock approach was realized at a 7 Tesla whole‐body scanner and compared with conventional spin‐lock. The insensitivity to RF field inhomogeneities as well as the chemical exchange sensitivity of the approach was investigated in simulations, model solutions and in the human brain.

Results

The suggested spin‐lock approach was shown to be feasible for in vivo application at ultrahigh field whole‐body scanners and showed substantially improved image quality compared with conventional spin‐lock. The sensitivity of the presented method to glucose was verified in model solutions and a glucose contrast was observed in a glioblastoma patient after intravenous administration of glucose solution.

Conclusion

An adiabatically prepared spin‐lock preparation was presented that enables a homogeneous and chemical exchange sensitive T1ρ‐based imaging at ultra‐high field whole‐body scanners, e.g., for T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:215–225, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
On the roots of the node reliability polynomial
Authors: Brown Jason , Mol Lucas
Published: August 2016

Given a graph G whose edges are perfectly reliable and whose nodes each operate independently with probability the node reliability of G is the probability that at least one node is operational and that the operational nodes can all communicate in the subgraph that they induce; it is the analogous node measure of robustness to the well studied all‐terminal reliability, where the nodes are perfectly reliable but the edges fail randomly. In sharp contrast to what is known about the roots of the all‐terminal reliability polynomial, we show that the node reliability polynomial of any connected graph on at least three nodes has a nonreal polynomial root, the collection of real roots of all node reliability polynomials is unbounded, and the collection of complex roots of all node reliability polynomials is dense in the entire complex plane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 68(3), 238–246 2016
An exploration of the potential utility of fetal cardiovascular MRI as an adjunct to fetal echocardiography
Authors: Lloyd David F. A. , van Amerom Joshua F. P. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Simpson John M. , Zidere Vita , Miller Owen , Sharland Gurleen , Allsop Joanna , Fox Matthew , Lohezic Maelene , Murgasova Maria , Malamateniou Christina , Hajnal Jo V. , Rutherford Mary , Razavi Reza
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a potential alternative to echocardiography, although in practice, its use has been limited. We sought to explore the need for additional imaging in a tertiary fetal cardiology unit and the usefulness of standard MRI sequences.

Methods

Cases where the diagnosis was not fully resolved using echocardiography were referred for MRI. Following a three‐plane localiser, fetal movement was assessed with a balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cine. Single‐shot fast spin echo and bSSFP sequences were used for diagnostic imaging.

Results

Twenty‐two fetal cardiac MRIs were performed over 12 months, at mean gestation of 32 weeks (26–38 weeks). The majority of referrals were for suspected vascular abnormalities (17/22), particularly involving the aortic arch (n = 10) and pulmonary vessels (n = 4). Single‐shot fast spin echo sequences produced ‘black‐blood’ images, useful for examining the extracardiac vasculature in these cases. BSSFP sequences were more useful for intracardiac structures. Real‐time SSFP allowed for dynamic assessment of structures such as cardiac masses, with enhancement patterns also allowing for tissue characterisation in these cases.

Conclusions

Fetal vascular abnormalities such as coarctation can be difficult to diagnose by using ultrasound. Fetal MRI may have an adjunctive role in the evaluation of the extracardiac vascular anatomy and tissue characterisation. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.