bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALFABETIZAÇÃO MIDIÁTICA E INFORMACIONAL NA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES: PERSPECTIVAS APRESENTADAS NO PLANO EDUCACIONAL DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Silva Aline Borges da , Souza Katiane de Jesus , Valle Mariana Guelero do
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar no Plano Estadual de Educação do Maranhão (PEE-MA) a promoção da Alfabetização Midiática e Informacional (AMI) no contexto da formação continuada dos professores do Maranhão. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram elencadas quatro metas do PEE-MA que abordam em suas estratégias as iniciativas de implementação de tecnologias nas escolas maranhenses. A partir das análises realizadas, observamos que as estratégias apresentadas oferecem novas perspectivas em relação à promoção do acesso à informação através da implementação de políticas educacionais, incentivando o acesso e a leitura de obras literárias nas escolas. Conclui-se que é essencial considerar a formação de professores como um elemento chave no processo de ensino e aprendizagem para a implementação de recursos tecnológicos, midiáticos e informacionais no ambiente escolar. Além disso, ressalta-se a importância de propor ações e estratégias que promovam a AMI, bem como um olhar crítico e o uso consciente da informação.
Diagnóstico de parasitoses intestinais e teciduais
Authors: Santos Júnior Nilton Nascimento dos
Published: November 2023

O livro "Diagnóstico de Parasitoses Intestinais e Teciduais" oferece uma exploração abrangente e especializada do complexo mundo das infecções parasitárias que afetam tanto o trato intestinal quanto os tecidos do corpo humano. Esta obra é uma leitura obrigatória para profissionais de saúde, estudantes e pesquisadores interessados em aprimorar suas habilidades de diagnóstico.Dentro das páginas deste livro, os leitores encontrarão uma análise detalhada das técnicas mais atualizadas para a identificação precisa de parasitas, abrangendo desde os princípios básicos da coleta de amostras até a aplicação de métodos.
Penerapan Algoritma Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) pada Enkripsi Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Website untuk Keamanan Data
Authors: Trisnawati Theodora Tantri , Yurinanda Sherli , Syafmen Wardi , Multahadah Cut
Published: November 2023

PT. Rezeki Surya Gasindo is a company that uses websites to store important company data, one of which is customer personal data. PT. Rezeki Surya Gasindo’s website is protected by a login system. However, a login system alone is not enough to protect the data stored on the website from cases of data theft by third parties. One solution to this problem is to encrypt the website's Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to increase the security level of data stored on the website. In this research, the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm is used for the encryption process. The aim of this research is to determine the process of applying the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm to the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) encryption of the PT. Surya Gasindo's website. The success of applying encryption with the RSA algorithm is observed from changes in the get parameter value that appears in the URL bar. The encrypted message is the customer, the get parameter in the Customer menu, which contains the consumer's personal data. By choosing two large prime numbers, namely 151 and 173, and taking one of the public keys/encryption keys, namely 16379, the result is that the get parameter in the URL bar has changed to the code string 5a9cb05811aa6e4c. The RSA algorithm has been successfully applied to the website URL.
Wind energy sustainability in Europe—A review of knowledge gaps, opportunities and circular strategies
Authors: Ramos Ana , Magalhães Filipa , Neves Diogo , Gonçalves Nelson , Baptista António , Mata Teresa , Correia Nuno
Published: November 2023

Wind energy has become a very interesting option regarding the replacement of fossil-based energy sources by renewable options. Despite its eco-friendly character, some challenges remain across the whole lifecycle of wind turbines. These are mainly related to the use of more sustainable materials and processes in the construction phase, to lifetime extension for the structures currently installed and to waste management at the end-of-life phase, the disassembly or decommissioning phase. Following worldwide concerns about sustainability, the circular economy and decarbonization, several projects have been addressing the themes identified, proposing alternatives that are more suitable and contribute to the body of knowledge in the sector towards enhanced environmental and technical performance.

This work presents the state of the art of the European wind energy sector, reflecting on the main drivers, barriers and challenges for circularity, while identifying knowledge gaps and strategic opportunities to develop new potential approaches. A compilation of key projects and main wind energy sites in Europe is shown, as well as a collection of lifecycle extension strategies and reported environmental impacts. Approaches to sustainability are highlighted, such as recyclability, eco-design and eco-efficiency of the turbine blades. Furthermore, the associated potential environmental, economic and societal impacts are put forward to support the implementation of more circular solutions, which can also contribute to reducing EU energy dependency and more integration of renewable sources. The key goal is to give an overview of the main challenges in the sector, namely, in what relates to potential circular solutions and strategies towards a higher level of sustainability.
Inversion formulas for quarter-spherical Radon transforms
Authors: Hwang Gyeongha , Moon Sunghwan
Published: November 2023

The applications of spherical Radon transforms include synthetic aperture radar, sonar tomography, and medical imaging modalities. A spherical Radon transform maps a function to its integrals over a family of spheres. Recently, several types of incomplete spherical Radon transforms have received attention in research. This study examines two types of quarter-spherical Radon transforms that assign a function to its integral over a quarter of a sphere: 1) center of a quarter sphere of integration on a plane, and 2) center on a line and the rotation of the quarter sphere. Furthermore, we present inversion formulas for these two quarter-spherical Radon transforms.
Impact of different treatments on the antioxidant properties of two market types of peanuts grown in Mexico
Authors: Robles-Ramírez M.C. , Viramontes-Bocanegra R. , Mora-Escobedo R. , Ortega-Robles E. , Beltrán-Orozco M.C.
Published: November 2023

The effect of roasting, frying, microwave heating, and germination on the antioxidant properties, total phenolics and flavonoids content of two types of peanuts (Valencia and Virginia) grown in Mexico was investigated. The thermal treatments affected the phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of the two varieties of peanuts differently (by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and iron chelating activity methods). Germination was the best method to increase the antioxidant activity (up to 157% increase in the Virginia variety) and the contents of compounds with nutraceutical potential in the peanuts (up to 59% increase in total phenolics in the Valencia variety and 700% increase in total flavonoids in the Virginia variety). Germinated peanuts could be used as raw material for the production of functional foods.
Édouard Petit, un haut fonctionnaire républicain (1858-1917) et sa conception de l’éducation populaire
Authors: Martin Jean-Paul
Published: November 2023

L’article attire d’abord l’attention à partir d’archives inédites ou peu connues sur l’itinéraire et la personnalité d’Édouard Petit (1858-1917), juif d’origine méridionale, professeur de l’enseignement secondaire devenu inspecteur général de l’enseignement primaire, journaliste et écrivain, dirigeant de la Ligue de l’enseignement et de la mutualité, chargé de superviser l’éducation populaire laïque au moment où celle-ci devient un enjeu d’importance pour la IIIe République. Dans un second temps, il tente de reconstituer quelques éléments centraux de la vision de l’éducation populaire propagée par Édouard Petit autour du lien avec l’école, à travers trois approches successives. La première se situe au niveau des modèles pédagogiques ; elle insiste sur l’attraction du modèle scolaire au sein des œuvres péri et post-scolaires, mais aussi sur la capacité d’innovation de celles-ci, le tout conduisant à faire de l’éducation populaire une sorte d’« école idéale ». La seconde se focalise sur le rôle stratégique dévolu au corps enseignant primaire, ce qui aboutit tant à travers le discours officiel du dévouement volontaire que des désirs d’autonomisation des acteurs, à faire émerger la figure durable de l’instituteur-militant. Enfin, la troisième approche met en évidence le lien entre l’éducation populaire et la réforme de l’enseignement, que résume l’idée d’obligation post-scolaire ; elle questionne pour finir l’échec de cette idée aussi bien dans le « moment Édouard Petit » qu’au cours des périodes suivantes marquées par l’émergence de la thématique de l’école unique et de la démocratisation de l’enseignement.
Les noirs de Pierre Soulages
Authors: Hélou-de La Grandière Pauline , Thoury Mathieu , Simonot Lionel
Published: November 2023

L’usage du noir chez Pierre Soulages (1919-2022) traverse son œuvre avec constance, mais de manière évolutive au cours de ses huit décennies de pratique picturale. Après l’avoir d’abord utilisé comme tracé, il emploie peu à peu le noir pour faire sourdre les autres couleurs puis comme pigment exclusif de sa matière picturale avec la création de l’Outrenoir (1979). Plus tard, Pierre Soulages explore les différences de brillances et de profondeurs de cette couleur avec un usage nouveau de l’acrylique (2004). Toutes ces évolutions requièrent des ajustements techniques que l’artiste réalise en innovant : il détourne ses outils et formule son propre médium, en ajoutant résines ou agent matifiant pour atteindre l’effet attendu in fine et servir ainsi son intention artistique. Il en résulte un vieillissement aléatoire des couches picturales, lié à la nature du pigment noir utilisé, à l’épaisseur des couches, mais également à la « vie » des œuvres exposées, transportées, vernies ou revernies, de façon parfois précoce ou inadaptée. Une compréhension de l’intention recherchée par l’artiste, indispensable pour une bonne conduite des interventions de conservation-restauration, repose sur la connaissance de l’évolution des techniques et des matériaux mis en œuvre, dont un résumé est présenté ici.
Glaçures et verres noirs du patrimoine : recettes et savoir-faire
Authors: Beauvoit Emmie , Lehuédé Patrice , Bouquillon Anne
Published: November 2023

De l’Antiquité à nos jours, la couleur noire est omniprésente dans les verres et glaçures du patrimoine. De nombreuses techniques et recettes, fruits des recherches menées par les verriers et céramistes, ont été employées afin de produire une coloration noire plus ou moins intense. L’objectif de cet article est d’effectuer une synthèse des différentes solutions adoptées au cours de l’histoire par les artisans. En s’appuyant sur des exemples choisis, nous présentons donc les principales techniques employées, à savoir la coloration ionique et la dispersion de particules colorées dans la matrice vitreuse.
Black Carolingian inks under examination. Part 1: recipes and literature survey
Authors: Cohen Zina , Hahn Oliver , Rabin Ira
Published: November 2023

Black writing materials of different types and compositions have varied in use over time and different geographical regions. With this paper, we would like to contribute to their study by listing and reviewing recipes for black writing inks that were in circulation in the Carolingian Empire as well as by referencing the archaeometric analyses of the black inks used in the manuscripts. The studies presented here that involved the humanities and natural sciences provide new insights into how the scholars of the early Medieval Ages organized manuscripts.
A Modern Interpretation of Independent Study for Gifted/Talented Learners
Authors: Hunt Lucy K. , Yoshida-Ehrmann Erin
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores how independent study serves as a pivotal practice in 21st century instruction for all learners, including gifted/talented learners from diverse backgrounds, by providing personalization, choice, flexible/accelerated pacing, and feedback. ‘Think Like a Disciplinarian,' universal themes and generalizations, and culturally relevant and responsive pedagogy will be layered upon independent study to fortify the practice. The practice of independent study will also be contextualized within the modern construct of the blended learning model that can be tailored to students' individual strengths and needs, and allows students to progress through course material at a speed that best matches their ability and learning style.
Guided Passion Projects
Authors: Henwood Lynne F.
Published: November 2023

The Guided Passion Project (GPP) embraces a student-centered, strength-based approach to learning. The GPP is a vehicle for talent development. Gifted and twice-exceptional students tend to have very specific interests and can verbalize complex ideas, but often lack the time and space to develop them into a viable, authentic product. The secondary goal of the Guided Passion Project is the organic development of executive functioning skills. When students are invested in self-chosen, authentic projects that are aligned with their strengths and interests, the impetus to set goals, initiate tasks, and persevere is much stronger. As students begin to witness their own progress, their self-efficacy builds. Through scaffolded metacognitive practices and constructive feedback from their guides and peers, students reflect on and revise their work while learning that multiple failures are an essential part of eventual success. Students who previously did not feel that they had been able to move from the ideation phase to a final product have now proven that they are capable of success.
Augmenting Intelligence With Generative AI
Authors: Doyle Sean
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence into the learning environment to guide students on how to augment their human intelligence. It advocates thoughtful adoption of AI to realize benefits while mitigating risks. Key practices include fostering inquiry-driven learning, cultivating critical thinking, enhancing curriculum with adaptive content and assessment, stimulating creativity and innovation through AI prompts and simulations, enabling personalized trajectories, and upskilling students in AI fluencies. However, human wisdom must direct integration aligned with core values. AI generated content and personalization should complement teacher guidance and social learning. Assessment must evolve to nurture ethical discernment and integrity. With prudent implementation elevating human ingenuity, AI can expand possibilities for developing talented, creative individuals who consciously apply technology for shared prosperity.
Modelling Mediating Driver Practices That Promote Innovative Behavior for Technology Students
Authors: Ngugi James K. , Goosen Leila
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the research presented in this chapter was to focus on the individual and contextual antecedents of innovative behavior (IB) via the mediating effects of knowledge sharing behavior (KSB). It proposed a conceptual model and hypothesized that course design characteristics (CDCs), self-regulated learning (SRL), and KSB positively promoted individual innovative behavior (IIB) among technology students. Knowledge sharing behavior, subsequently and concurrently, promoted individual innovative behavior. The research studied students undertaking technology computer-related programs so as to generate empirical data for use in structural equation modelling (SEM). Through a literature review and theoretical deduction, the research excavated the driver practices among CDC, SRL, KSB, and IIB in depth.
Women Leadership in Environment Management
Authors: Jalagat Jr. Revenio Cabanilla , Aquino Jr. Perfecto Gatbonton , Justin Mercia Selva Malar , Sayari Karima
Published: November 2023

The Philippines is among the pioneers of gender-sensitive policies that aim to neutralize the role of men and women in leadership opportunities in almost all sectors. From the '80s to the '90s, a bunch of policies were implemented, ensuring the women's participation in natural resource and environmental management; however, numerous populations of women have earned leadership in the regional and national levels but fewer opportunities at the grassroots level. In line with this, the study sought to investigate the state of women's leadership focusing on environmental management. Documentary evidence will be collected and interpreted to address the study objectives. Major findings revealed that at the municipal and barangay level, women have struggled to get education and knowledge to lead, are confined to male-dominated decisions, experienced poverty, and are often discriminated. Recommendations were laid that concerned government agencies and other stakeholders emphasized training and leadership enhancements at the grassroots and sustained until women leaders are raised.
Opportunities and Challenges of Educated Professional Women Leaders in Environment Management
Authors: Justin Mercia Selva Malar , Jalagat Jr. Revenio Cabanilla , Aquino Jr. Perfecto Gatbonton
Published: November 2023

The chapter intends to present the role of educated and professional women as leaders of home, how they contribute to environmental management, the opportunities, and the challenges they meet in environmental management. Educated and professional women have greater awareness and knowledge about the environmental management. In managing houses and at their workplaces they have a greater role to play. Therefore, they have greater opportunity to control environmental degradation and contribute positively to environment management. It also explores the opportunities for women to involve in various forms and levels of environmental management and the challenges women face as leaders to initiate environmental management programs. A literature review will cover the research articles that focus on the opportunities and challenges of women leaders in environmental protection and expose how women lead environmental management initiatives at home, workplace, and society. Findings revealed that workplace and society women must assume greater role to support environment management.
Breaking Barriers and Fostering Leadership
Authors: Baby Ann , Joseph Binoy
Published: November 2023

Environmental management has emerged as a critical field of study and practice, aiming to address the challenges posed by environmental degradation and climate change. Women have played an increasingly prominent role in this domain, contributing significantly to sustainable development and environmental conservation. This research explores the opportunities and challenges faced by women leaders in environmental management, aiming to highlight their contributions, identify barriers, and proposes strategies to promote gender equality within the field. The study draws upon academic literature, case studies, and expert opinions to present a comprehensive analysis of the topic.
The Role of Women and Gender-Diverse Leaders in Building a Sustainable World
Authors: Thorat Joycia
Published: November 2023

Women and gender-diverse leaders play vital roles in society, ranging from maintaining households to protecting the environment. They are not homogenous but contribute significantly towards building a sustainable world. Being historically at the forefront of social and environmental movements, they have been advocating for change and are an integral part in promoting sustainability. This chapter explores the contributions of women and gender-diverse leaders in building a sustainable world. Women's unique perspective and skills will be highlighted.
Smart Working Strategies Unlocking Innovation and Entrepreneurship With Resilience, Agility, and Dynamic Capabilities
Authors: Yilmaz Ayse Asli
Published: November 2023

The rise of smart working has revolutionized the way organizations operate, presenting new strategies and courses of action for innovation and entrepreneurial growth. This book chapter proposes research into the strategies and management practices that organizations can employ within the framework of resilience, agility, and dynamic capabilities to unlock and harness innovation capabilities and entrepreneurial opportunities in the context of smart working. By examining the interplay between these concepts, this chapter seeks to uncover practical insights and provide guidance for organizations in maximizing the potential of smart working for innovation and entrepreneurship.
Multichannel intraesophageal impedance with pH metry in Saudi children
Authors: Mouzan Mohammad El , Naqeeb Ahlam Al , Otaibi Najla Al , Askar Jawaher Al , Joseph Teema , Sarkhy Ahmed Al , Asmi Mona Al , Assiri Asaad
Published: November 2023

Background:

Multichannel Intraesophageal Impedance with pH (MII-pH) provides complete characterization of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The aim of this study was to report our experience in this relatively new technique, emphasizing the challenges in the performance and interpretation of the results.

Methods:

The study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital at King Saud University in Riyadh. A retrospective review of the medical records of children who underwent MII-pH was performed. The procedure was performed and interpreted according to the recommended methodology. The impedance catheter was introduced nasally. The use of event markers and diary were explained to the accompanying person. At the end of the recording, the data were downloaded to the software analysis system.

Results:

MII-pH was performed on 98 children, and 16 studies were excluded from analysis for technical reasons. The median age was 32 (range 2–168) months and 44 (54%) were male. The prevalence of nonacid gastroesophageal reflux (NAGER), proximal extent of GER, and postprandial NAGER were 55%, 50%, and 70%, respectively. One hundred and fifty-three symptoms were reported during the study, but only two were significant.

Conclusion:

The MII-pH was well-tolerated but the performance and interpretation were technically demanding. The main advantage was the detection of NAGER. However, the lack of normal values and the reliance on symptom association make the interpretation of the results challenging.
Assessment of technological stress levels in university staff: case study
Authors: Cabezas-Heredia Edmundo , Molina-Granja Fernando , Montenegro-Bosquez Gregory , Salazar Mónica , Santillán-Lima Juan , Ramirez Santiago , Cachay-Boza Orestes
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION: Stress, a natural reaction of the body to challenging circumstances, can manifest itself in different ways and harm both an individual's physical and mental health. From a constant feeling of being overwhelmed to difficulties in concentration and decision-making, stress can undermine the overall quality of life. Physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive disorders and trouble falling asleep often accompany this condition, highlighting its negative impact on the body.
OBJECTIVES: The research aims to determine stress levels in teachers, workers, and university students.
METHODS: The stress test proposed by Dr. Gloria Villalobos was applied and complemented with sociodemographic variables. The population consisted of 224 teachers, 11 staff and 32 students.
RESULTS: The result found to be stress: 4.5% medium, 27.7% high, and 67.8% very high; The correlation is established employing Cramer's V between the variables and the applied test that the results do not influence the phenomenon investigated
CONCLUSION: It concludes the significant presence of medium - high - very high stress in the sample analyzed with serious consequences for health being necessary emerging measures to prevent diseases in university staff.
Metabolomics in chronic hepatitis C: Decoding fibrosis grading and underlying pathways
Authors: Ferrasi Adriana Camargo , Lima Samara Vitória Granja , Galvani Aline Faria , Delafiori Jeany , Dias-Audibert Flavia Luísa , Catharino Rodrigo Ramos , Silva Giovanni Faria , Praxedes Roberta Rodrigues , Santos Driele Bretones , Almeida Dayane Trevisan de Macedo , Lima Estela Oliveira
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) affects 71 million people globally and leads to liver issues such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, cancer, and death. A better understanding and prognosis of liver involvement are vital to reduce morbidity and mortality. The accurate identification of the fibrosis stage is crucial for making treatment decisions and predicting outcomes. Tests used to grade fibrosis include histological analysis and imaging but have limitations. Blood markers such as molecular biomarkers can offer valuable insights into fibrosis.

AIM

To identify potential biomarkers that might stratify these lesions and add information about the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease.

METHODS

Plasma samples were collected from 46 patients with hepatitis C and classified into fibrosis grades F1 (n = 13), F2 (n = 12), F3 (n = 6), and F4 (n = 15). To ensure that the identified biomarkers were exclusive to liver lesions (CHC fibrosis), healthy volunteer participants (n = 50) were also included. An untargeted metabolomic technique was used to analyze the plasma metabolites using mass spectrometry and database verification. Statistical analyses were performed to identify differential biomarkers among groups.

RESULTS

Six differential metabolites were identified in each grade of fibrosis. This six-metabolite profile was able to establish a clustering tendency in patients with the same grade of fibrosis; thus, they showed greater efficiency in discriminating grades.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that some of the observed biomarkers, once validated, have the potential to be applied as prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, it suggests that liquid biopsy analyses of plasma metabolites are a good source of molecular biomarkers capable of stratifying patients with CHC according to fibrosis grade.
Parental Background And Learners’ Class Skipping In Calabar South Local Government Area Of Cross River State
Authors: S A Aniah , S O Edeh , T A Ogar-Ikwen , G I Ushie , J A Adie
Published: November 2023

This study was designed to investigate parental background and learners’ class skipping in public primary schools in Calabar South Local Government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. To guide the study, three research questions were posed and three null hypotheses were formulated. The instrument tagged “Parental Background and learners’ Class Skipping Questionnaire (PBLCSQ)” was used to collect data. The research adopted the correlational design while simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 300 pupils for the study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis and Independent t-test analysis techniques were used to test the hypotheses. All hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance. Statistical analyses of data showed that parental friends, health and income issues significantly influenced learners’ class skipping in public primary schools in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Hence, it was recommended that the learners and parents should be thoroughly informed about the school policy from time to time that leaving the school without permission may lead to suspension or expulsion of their wards from school.
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Immunological Response And The Performance Of Non-Invasive Models For Assessing Liver Fibrosis In Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: E Eworo R , A Fabian U , A Ntamu N , C Thomas C , O Egom U , C Nsonwu M , U Basake R , R Essien A , M Ekam-Ukere I , C Nsonwu-Anyanwu A
Published: November 2023

Gut microbiota dysbiosis and lipopolysaccharide-mediated immune response has been linked with pathogenesis of complications and liver injuries in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), serum protein, platelet count (PLT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and the performance of non-invasive models globulin to-platelet index (GPI), C-reactive protein to-albumin ratio (CAR), and aspartate to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV) were assessed in this case-control study. The study enrolled 60 subjects with CHBV and 40 healthy controls. Platelet count was determined by a 5 parts Sysmex XS-1000 haematology automated analyzer, lipopolysaccharide was determined by sandwich-ELISA method, CRP was determined by latex Reagent agglutination method, AST, ALB, TP, were determined by commercial colorimetric methods, C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR), globulin-platelet index (GPI), aspartate-platelet ratio index (APRI), were computed. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Pearson’s and DeLong’s test to compare the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the noninvasive markers, at α=0.05. Subjects with liver fibrosis (LF) had significantly higher LPS, CRP, AST, GLO, CAR, GPI and APRI and lower PLT, ALB, when compared with CHBV and control subjects. Log10 CAR correlated positively with Log10 GPI r= 0.464, P=0.000) respectively, CRP correlated positively with LPS and negatively with PLT (r=0.626, P=0.000 and r= -0.393, P=0.002) respectively, in the test subjects. The area under the curve for GPI, CAR and APRI were 0.923, 0.940, and 1.000 respectively. This study has shown that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and LPS-mediated immune activation may underlie the pathogenesis of liver damage in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus. The GPI, CAR and APRI models are good test instruments in predicting significant fibrosis and their use may represent simple and low-cost options in assessing liver injury in patients where FibroScan, transient elastography or liver biopsy is not accessible.
Efficiency of the oestrus synchronization with hand mating and artificial insemination on the reproductive performances of Woyto-Guji Goat under community-based breeding program
Authors: Dea Dereje , Eramo Ermias , Seid Anwar
Published: November 2023

The present study was designed to describe the efficiency of oestrus synchronization on Woyto-Guji goats under  community-based breeding program in Konso zone. Single and double injections of PGF2α followed by AI and single  injection followed by buck mating were the protocols applied. Percent responded, inseminated, conceived, delivered,  aborted, time of insemination, gestation length and litter size were data collected for the experiment. A total of 177 does  were used for oestrus synchronization by using PGF2α hormone. Overall, the findings revealed that about 88.14%  of the does expressed oestrus within 57.48±2.64 hours after hormone administration. The overall percent inseminated,  conceived, delivered and aborted and gestation length (day) were 91.67, 93.71, 72.03, 2.82%, and 152.48±2.34,  respectively. The overall percent of kid sex born was about 51% female and 49% male, and litter size was about 58%  single and 42% twin. The response rate was significantly affected by age (P<0.05). Percent inseminated, conceived, kid  delivered and time of insemination were significantly affected by protocol, parity and age (P<0.05). Buck mating on  hormone treated does was relatively easily applicable for increased conception rate under the community level.
Assessment of Ackee Apple (Blighia Sapida) on Cholinergic and Antioxidant Enzymes; Possible Use of the Plant Stem-Bark Extract as a Biological Pest Controlling Agent
Authors: Adekola M. B. , Taiwo A. M. , Oriyomi V. O. , Ogunleye O. S. , Oyebamiji A. T. , Raheem A. O. , Kasali S. O. , Bello I. R.
Published: November 2023

Environmental protection practices include minimizing the level of synthetic chemicals as pesticides in agricultural activities. Reduction of cholinergic and metabolizing enzymes by natural products are safer pest-controlling alternatives in food security. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the ability of Ackee apple (Blighia sapid) stem-bark extract as a potential biological pest control agent to interfere with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and biomarkers in brain, liver, and blood of Wistar rat using standard methods. The Wistar rat brain and liver were excised and blood was collected into heparinized tubes at the end of a 28-day experiment for biochemical investigations. Data obtained revealed that the activities of AChE and GST decreased at a dose-dependent rate (P < 0.05). A non-significant difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for all the treated groups and a dose-dependent increase in total protein concentration were detected. The extract did not significantly alter ALT, AST, and ALP, particularly at repeated doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. The extract of Blighia sapida reduced AChE and GST activity; a property that could be exploited in the formulation of pest control agents.
Assessment of Water Access, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Ghana: A Case Study of Ketu South Municipality
Authors: Amoako A. D. , Ahiabor S. Y. , Adzim E. , Amofa F. , Machator J. K. , Norviwor F. A. , Appiah P. K. , Mensah R.
Published: November 2023

Inadequate access to potable water is a major problem confronting most societies and countries worldwide. The availability to adequate and safe water and the provision of sanitation facilities is widely recognized to help improve public health. In the study area, the Ketu Municipal of Ghana, groundwater (hand-dug-wells and boreholes) is the main source of water supply for domestic use. In view of the dangers associated with contaminated water for consumption hence the objective of the study is to assess water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in Ketu South municipality of Ghana using appropriate standard techniques. From the survey, about 34% of the respondents without household toilet admitted that they go to the seashore to defecate as an alternative source of convenience. About 44% of them had unimproved toilets at home or in their neighbourhood. Besides, 43% of the respondents have uncontrolled refuse dump sited at their backyards whiles 20% open defecation in the bush. Based on the findings, some recommendations are made. These include more public education on environmental sanitation.
Acute Toxicity Test of Alkaloid Fraction of Moringa oleifera Leaf and its Effect on Reproductive Hormones of Pregnant Wistar Rats
Authors: Ofulue O. O. , Ebomoyi M. I.
Published: November 2023

Alkaloids occur naturally in plants but are not established nutrients and are responsible for bioactive functions in the plants. This study evaluated the acute toxicity of alkaloid extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (AMOL) and its effect on reproductive hormones of pregnant wistar rats using standard techniques. Results showed that in both phases of the oral acute toxicity test, no death occurred within 24 h of post-treatment and 14 days after AMOL administration. Rejection of food, increased salivation and decreased mobility were only observed immediately after treatment. Pregnancy was maintained in all groups, with significant (P<0.05) increase in progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in animals in Group 3. AMOL had no effect on estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. In conclusion, AMOL may be relatively safe as pregnancy was maintained in AMOL treated groups and had significant effect on some of the reproductive hormones.
Effect of Particle Size and Filler Content on Mechanical Properties of Avocado Wood Flour-Low Density Polyethylene Composite
Authors: Government R. M. , Ngabea S. A.
Published: November 2023

The application of natural material excavates from wood source in composite production has increased taking the merit of low cost, readily available and light weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of particle size and filler content on the mechanical properties of avocado wood flour-low density polyethylene composite (AWF-LDPE) modified with NaOH/CH3C00H using Response Surface Methodology. The influence of process parameters (size and weight of avocado wood flour (AWF)) on the properties (elongation, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength) of the produced composite was evaluated. The AWF was injected at the size of particles from 20-100 mesh (850-150 µm) and flour content of 5-25 % wt into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix to produce the composite of AWF-LDPE by the process of the injection molding machine. The optimization for the process parameters and mechanical properties of the composites was done using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology. The optimum condition for the factors and the properties of the composite were forecast with regression models of CCD. The ultimate process conditions for the process variables were 100 mesh size and 25 % wood flour content, while the properties were 4.8768 % elongation, 41.2921 MPa flexural strength, 0.6614 GPa flexural modulus and 83.384 KJ/m2 impact strength. The coefficient of determinations (R2) was close to unity with the maximum error of 0.09139 %. The values obtained from the AWF-LDPE composite at optimum condition indicated that it is recommended for suitable material for particle board in interior part of appliances and automobile application.
Epidemiological Study of Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Pindar W. , Chessed G. , Manu J. M.
Published: November 2023

Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases plaguing mankind. The disease is endemic in tropical and sub-Saharan Africa of which Nigeria belongs. The Epidemiological study of malaria infection among pregnant women was carried out on 1,521 patients reporting for their first antenatal clinic in hospitals and clinics, in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. Giemsa stained thick and thin films for malaria parasite test was carried out on the women, alongside obtaining information on their socio-demographic characteristics. Most of our participant were in the age group 21-30 years (56.34%), while most of them had their secondary education (49.85%) and were housewives 99.41%. The prevalence of malaria was 8.48%, with the 21-30 year old age group having the highest prevalence of malaria (56.34%). The highest prevalence of malaria was among those in their second trimester (11.48%), while those with more than seven children had the highest prevalence of malaria (25.00%). The highest prevalence of malaria was seen among those with non-formal education (11.30%), housewives (8.44%) and the single pregnant women (22.22%). The prevalence of malaria was statistically significant with age group and occupation.  We advise that measures encouraging personal and environmental hygiene, use of prophylactic drugs and sleeping under treated mosquito nets should be encouraged to reduce the prevalence of malaria among the pregnant women.
Principal Component Analysis for Investigating the Relationship between the Semester Results and Academic Performance of Students in a Polytechnic in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed S.S. , Yisa E. M. , Jibrin M. , Yahaya G.
Published: November 2023

Factor analysis permits the ability to simplify a set of complex variables using statistical procedures to explore the underlying dimensions that explain the relationships between the multiple variables. This paper therefore used factor analysis to investigate the relationship between the semester results and academic performance of students at a centre for continuing education and training in a Polytechnic in Niger State, Nigeria using principal component method after collecting data from 57 students. The findings of this study revealed that there is weak linear relationship between the variables. From the total variance explained table, 4 factors were extracted which accounted for 60.7% and the remaining factors only accounted for 39.3% of variation. Data obtained observed that Component 1 loads high on BAM225=0.625, Component 2 loaded as high as 0.549 for STP213, while Component 3 loaded for GNS201= 0.681 and Component 4 loads on GLTVII = 0.586. The results could signify the existence of these factors significantly contributing to the academic performance of students in polytechnic.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Content of Hand Dug Wells in Shasha Market, South Western, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo O. M.
Published: November 2023

The presence of heavy metals in potable water can cause serious health issues when consumed by humans. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the of heavy metals content of hand dug wells in Shasha market, Akure, South Western Nigeria were analyzed. The presence of five (5) heavy metals namely Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) in the water samples were analyzed in the laboratory.  Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used in the heavy metal analysis. The Zn, Fe and Mn contents of the water samples fell within WHO standard for potable water. However, the study revealed Cd contamination in 100% of the water samples analyzed with a range of 0.005 mg/L to 0.013 mg/L as against the WHO maximum permissible limit of 0.003 mg/L for potable water. The results revealed that the concentrations of Cr in all the samples analyzed ranged between 0.021 and 0.10 mg/L with only 20% of the well water samples analyzed having values above the WHO Cr maximum permissible limit of 0.05 mg/L for potable water. Even though the Zn, Fe and Mn contents of the water samples fell within WHO standard for potable water, adequate treatment is required for all the well water samples before human consumption.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality by Heavy Metal Pollution Index in Ijare Rural Community and Alagbaka Urban Area in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aluko R. T. , Ojo O. M. , Olabanji T. O. , Ojo T. J.
Published: November 2023

Groundwater is becoming an essential source of water supply in many locations, and assessment of groundwater quality is essential to trace out the major groundwater contaminants.  In this study, Ijare represents a rural land use and Alagbaka representing the urban land use. The objective of this paper is to assess the groundwater quality by heavy metal pollution index (HMPI) in Ijare rural community and Alagbaka urban area in Ondo State, Nigeria using a 210VGP atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data obtained reveals that, the concentration of iron in wells ranged between 0.1335 and 0.2715mg/L, Chromium in the study areas had levels ranging from 0.056 to 0.1615mg/L, while the levels of manganese ranged between 0.0775 and 0.1725mg/L and that of Lead had levels was between 0.01 to 0.11mg/L. This study thus reveals that the concentration of iron was within the WHO drinking water standard limit of 0.3mg/L, chromium in the study areas had levels above the WHO drinking water standard limit of 0.05mg/L, manganese levels within the WHO drinking water standard limit of 0.4mg/L and Lead had levels above the recommended limit.
Evaluation of Natural Fertilizer Potential of Neem Leaves Aqueous Extract for Irrigation Practices
Authors: Mohammed K. A. , Balogun O. S. , Adebayo K. R.
Published: November 2023

A natural fertilizer relies on plant, mineral and animal sources for its nutrients. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the natural fertilizer potential of Neem leaves aqueous extract for irrigation practices by analyzing some physicochemical parameters using standard methods. Data obtained shows that the pH level were, 8.4, 7.2, 7.1, and 7.3 respectively   indicating a moderate alkalinity status suitable for irrigation. The electrical conductivity values were as 2.4, 2.2, and 1.8 mg/L for Neem aqueous extract while turbidity values were 334, 323, and 296 NTU respectively .These values are within the acceptable range according to FAO guidelines. SAR values were as 11.20, 10.04, and 10.81 and chloride levels were found to be; 22.1, 16.12, and 5.97 mg/L, posing no concerns for irrigation. Sodium levels were 35.7, 27.32 and 25.31 mg/L which also falls within the FAO guidelines and indicating moderate sodicity. Overall, the nutritional compositions of the Neem leaf extracts were within the FAO guideline limits for irrigation fluid, indicating their suitability for irrigation practices. This Neem leaf extract as an irrigation solution could provide a valuable insights for farmers and agricultural practitioners seeking to optimize crop productivity and quality.
Nutritional Composition of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Seed obtained from Tunga Market in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Tsado A. N. , Ibrahim J. N. , Abdulkadir A. , Jiya A. G. , Gana D. , Okoli R. N. , Kolo O. O. , Mustapha A. , Mohammed U. M. , Mamman A.
Published: November 2023

The nutritional composition of Africa star apple seeds (Chrysophyllum albidum) was carried out. This sample seed was obtained from Tunga Market, Minna Niger State, Nigeria. The proximate compositions (crude fats, proteins, ash, fiber, moisture, carbohydrate), minerals (phosphorous, potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium), and contents were determined using standard methods. For sample AS1, The moisture content yields 6.49%, crude ash 2.25%, fats yield 5.64%, crude fiber 0.84%, crude protein 10.50%, and carbohydrate content 74.28%. As for the AS2 sample, the moisture content yields 6.42%, crude ash 2.21%, fats 5.66%, crude fiber 0.81%, crude protein 10.50%, and carbohydrate content 74.30%. The AS1 sample had 92.36, 38.64, 229.10, 63.44,108.50/100g of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorous respectively. Likewise, the AS2 sample had 90.58, 36.82, 28.64, 65.20,112.30/100g respectively. The seeds had a high concentration of minerals. The seed had significant levels of both essential and non-essential amino acids, and the values of anti-nutrients that were measured were below the accepted benchmark, allowing for safe consumption. The findings indicate that eating African star apple seeds will significantly help meet human nutritional needs for proper growth and provide appropriate protection from diseases brought on by malnutrition.
Optimization of Artificial Neural Network Transfer Function for Hydrological Modelling: A Review
Authors: Orji F. N. , Ahanekwu I. E. , Ndukwu M. C. , Ugwu E. , Awu J. I. , Joseph I. U. , Helen I.
Published: November 2023

Hydrological modeling is crucial for understanding and predicting water-related processes. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have emerged as powerful tools for this purpose, utilizing the structure and functions of the biological brain to model complex patterns and forecast hydrological issues. Hence, this study reviews the optimization of artificial neural networks for hydrological modeling. Data obtained reveals that the choice of transfer function significantly impacts the performance of hydrological models, and optimizing it can improve accuracy, precision, and reliability. More so, an optimized transfer function provides interpretability, aligning with the physical understanding of the hydrological system and making the model outputs more meaningful. By optimizing artificial neural network transfer functions and employing other optimization strategies, hydrological models can better simulate and predict water-related processes. This advancement can lead to more effective water resource management and decision-making.