bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modélisation du financement par APD sur la production Méthode par appariement
Authors:   Mpikaroky Misafiry- 2M, Université de Toliara, Madagascar, Tiava Nandrasa
Published: December 2024

La microfinance constitue un moyen pour les ménages ruraux d’accéder au crédit. En milieu agricole, qui souffre à la fois de manque de financement et d’infrastructure, l'aide publique au développement (APD) permet de résoudre en partie ces problèmes. En 2008, un projet d’accès au crédit pour 2 300 personnes a été initié dans la région sud-ouest grâce à une aide publique au développement. L’étude a été menée dans deux communes rurales bénéficiaires du projet, Tsianisiha et Ankilimaliniky, afin d’évaluer l’impact des crédits agricoles sur la production des ménages. À l'aide des données quasi expérimentales récoltées en 2017, une évaluation d'impact ex post a été adoptée pour déterminer la hausse ou non de la production. L’utilisation de la technique de modélisation économétrique avec appariement a permis de contrôler et de résoudre les biais de sélection dans les données. Les résultats montrent que le crédit agricole alloué à un membre d’une microfinance n’a pas d’effet sur la production. En conclusion, la population bénéficiaire a accès à un crédit, mais sans amélioration de leur niveau de production. L’arrivée de l’aide publique au développement n’affecte pas la vie des bénéficiaires.
Боловсролын хөгжлийн философийг Монголд судлах хэрэгцээ, хэрэгжүүлэх үндэслэл
Authors: Надмид Бэгз
Published: December 2024

We, the Mongolian people, are striving to build and develop a new era of progress in the face of rapid changes in the natural and social environment. One important direction in this endeavor is the reform of education policy. In this presentation, we propose the formulation and implementation of an educational development philosophy as the foundation for Mongolia’s new education policy.Mongolia’s education policy has historically been shaped by powerful neighboring nations and the constant influence of dominant foreign cultures, often resulting in the imitation and adaptation of external models. However, if we are to cultivate individuals who meet the demands of the contemporary era through an education system that reflects our own cultural identity, it is imperative to establish a well-founded philosophy of educational development. To reform our education policy, it is crucial to articulate this philosophy in a manner that aligns with international standards while distinctly embodying our national characteristics.The objective of the current educational development philosophy is to lay the foundation for an education policy that nurtures healthy, well-educated, ethical, creative thinkers, diligent contributors, and globally-aware Mongolians. This should serve as the core of the state policy regarding human development.
Analysis Of Customer Loyalty Which Is Formed by Service Quality Dimensions Using Reflective Indicators
Authors: Himawan Erry
Published: December 2024

The Alfamart minimarket in the city of Surabaya is the subject of this case study investigation. The reason behind the author's research was to investigate the impact of service quality aspects on customer loyalty through the use of reflecting indicators. 180 respondents provided the primary data, which was graded on a level 5 Likert scale. Subsequently, the statistical package program for social sciences, version 26, was used to process the data (SPSS 26). The author's hypothesis was tested at α 0.05 and is based on theories and other prior investigations. The data processing results indicate that the independent variables related to service quality have a significant impact on customer loyalty both partially and simultaneously (simultaneously), although the degree of correlation between the independent and dependent variables is either normal or moderate. It is also evident from the data processing findings that the reliability variable is the most dominating variable, with the independent variable contributing 75.5% to the dependent variable. The research's consequences may offer empirical support for the two categories of factors examined. Practically speaking, modern market business people can also utilize it as reference material.
Consumption Behaviors and Factors Influencing Preferences for Instant Noodles: The Case of Turkiye
Authors: Guner Cihat , Basdogan Hakan , Eris Abdullah
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the instant noodle consumption preferences, packaging expectations, and purchasing tendencies of consumers living in Türkiye, where convenience foods are increasingly popular. The research targeted 3,134 individuals aged between 18 and 44 from socio-economic groups including A, B, C1, and C2, reaching a sample of 700 participants who had purchased instant noodles within 2023. Data were collected through structured and detailed surveys, which were deepened with face-to-face interviews, and analyzed using frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, and other quantitative techniques with SPSS. The findings indicate that most participants prefer instant noodles for their convenience and affordability, with cup noodles being popular for ease of use. Vegetable, barbecue, and seafood flavors rank among the top choices, while there is a growing interest in low-sodium and high-nutrient noodle options. These results both enrich the academic literature and provide valuable insights for manufacturers to tailor product development strategies aligned with market demands.
PERAN MEDIASI DIGITAL MARKETING TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN
Authors: Soemarjono Eko , Tapaningsih Weni Indah Doktri Agus , Arifin Samsul
Published: December 2024

KFC Jember Outlet has decreasing on sale of food product in KFC Jember Outlet. An operational  manajer  KFC Jember Outlet must have smart thinking to increasing sale with customer satisfaction achievement. This research aim to know the role of digital marketing (DM) to mediate price (P) and taste (T)  effect on repushase food in KFC Jember Outlet through customer satisfaction (CS). This research use quantitative associative research. This research use simple random sampling technique. This research conducted 730 responden to be a sample. An aanlysis of this research are Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Amos 24 version. Based on this research result, digital marketing (DM) have mediaton role of price (P) and taste (T) effect on repurchase food in KFC Jember Outlet  through customer satisfaction
Learning how to learn and universal design for learning. A study about new teaching strategies
Authors: Chivu Andreea Gabriela , Borozan Maia
Published: December 2024

The aim of the present study is to analyze the relationships between the implementation of UDL (universal design for learning) principles and L2L (learning how to learn) strategies in the teaching process for primary school students, as well as the moderating role of teachers' experience in this relationship. A number of 65 teachers aged between 23 and 65, M = 42.54, SD = 7.89 with different levels of experience participated in the study. The instruments used were the UDL Questionnaire for Teachers and the L2L Questionnaire for Teachers. The results showed that there are significant positive relationships between UDL principles and L2L strategies, and these relationships are strengthened by teachers' level of experience. The practical implications of these results and the possible positive effects of implementing such methods in teaching activities on students were discussed.
Challenges and solutions in the education of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Pădeanu Luciana
Published: December 2024

Having a child with autism is a challenge, an attempt to face all the situations and difficulties that arise, stress and helplessness, but also a blessing - that of having a special child. Because the development and recovery of the child with autism spectrum disorder depends, most of the time, on early intervention, a stressful and difficult period begins in the life of the child and the family. If for other children, the environment is a very strong stimulus, they learn everything naturally, on the go, in people with autism this process does not take place or is very reduced, so through early intervention, the world around the child begins to take on color and life, taking on a meaning for him as well.For the acquisition of appropriate behaviors and accepted by society, but also development in the 5 areas of development: cognitive, psychomotor, language and communication, relationship and socialization and personal autonomy, assisting people with autism both in their „lonely world” and in the short moments in which they are present in our world, require an early approach from specialists and parents as co-therapists.
MİLLÎ MÜCADELE DÖNEMİ TRABZONU'NUN SOSYAL, KÜLTÜREL VE EĞİTİM HAYATINA GENÇ ANADOLU'NUN BAKIŞI
Authors: Çelik Hasan
Published: December 2024

30 Aralık 1921 ile 28 Mayıs 1922 tarihleri arasında tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla sekiz sayı yayımlanmış Genç Anadolu, ilk altı sayısı on beş günde, sonraki iki sayısı ise aylık yayımlanmış “ilmî, edebî ve bilhassa terbiyevî mecmua”dır. Dergi, özellikle Trabzon’a dair çeşitli yazılar ve haberler içermekte bir yönüyle mektep dergisi işlevi görmektedir. Genç Anadolu, Anadolu gençlerinin eğitimine ve yerel eğitim sorunlarına çözümler sunmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, dergide eğitim konularına dair pek çok yazı yayımlanmıştır. Eğitim yazılarının yanı sıra, dergide Trabzon’a özgü sağlık, ziraat, fennî, ilmî, tarih ve spor gibi konulara da değinilmiştir. Bu yaklaşım, derginin Trabzon’un çeşitli meselelerini ele almasını sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, Trabzon’un tarihine dair de yazılar yayımlanmış ve bu sayede bölgesel tarih bilincine katkıda bulunulmuştur. Derginin sosyal etkileşimi artırma çabalarının parçası olarak, okurlara bilmece ve sorular da sorulmuş, doğru yanıt verenlere ödüller verilmiştir. Bu etkileşimli yaklaşım, derginin sadece bilgi yayma değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal katılımı teşvik etme hedefini de ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Genç Anadolu’da yayımlanan yazılar özelinde Trabzon’daki eğitim, sağlık, spor, edebî ve kültürel hayat incelenecektir. Derginin bu konulardaki katkıları ve içerik analizleri ayrıntılı biçimde ele alınacak, dergide yayımlanan makale, haber ve duyuruların fihristi çalışmanın sonunda sunulacaktır. Böylece, derginin yerel bilgi birikimine sağladığı katkılarla dönemin toplumsal dinamikleri değerlendirilecektir.
PUTİN DÖNEMİ RUSYA'NIN UKRAYNA’YA YÖNELİK İŞGAL GİRİŞİMİNİN AVRASYACILIK PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ANALİZİ
Authors: İşci Mehmet , Dersan Orhan Duygu
Published: December 2024

2014’te Kırım’ın ilhakıyla başlayan ve 2022’de Rus güçlerinin Ukrayna’ya yönelik harekâtı ile zirve yapan Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya yönelik işgal girişimi tarihsel anlamda derin bir geçmişe sahiptir. Prenslikler dönemine kadar giden iki ülkenin ilişkilerinde son perde Rusya’nın ortaya koyduğu tezlerle Ukrayna toprakları üzerindeki hak iddia etmesi sonucu II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Avrupa’da yaşanan en somut ve kanlı krize dönüşmesidir. Bu bağlamda iki ülkeyi de merkezi bir imparatorluk sınırları içerisinde tahayyül eden Avrasyacılık görüşünün incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrasyacılık görüşünün üzerine inşa edildiği toplumsal ve dini mitleri ortaya koyarak, Avrasyacılığın, Vladimir Putin’in Ukrayna konusundaki söylemlerin geri planındaki politik zihniyetine etkisini incelemek ve son dönemde Rus yayılmacılığının ve Avrasyacılığın en popüler temsilcilerinden olan Aleksandr Dugin’in başını çektiği muhafazakar Yeni Avrasyacıların, Ukrayna savaşına giden süreçte ortaya koyduğu tarihi, dini ve coğrafi tezlerin kökleriyle Putin’in politikalarına açtığı alanı incelemektir. Bu çerçevede, Putin dönemi Rusya’nın yeniden küresel güç olma hedefi doğrultusunda Avrasyacı görüşün Ukrayna politikalarında ve söylemlerinde son derece etkili bir unsur olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
AZERBAYCAN’IN MODERNLEŞMESİNDE ALFABE DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİNİN MİLLÎ KİMLİK İNŞASINDAKİ ROLÜ (1850-1939)
Authors: Aydoğan Betül
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada Azerbaycan’da Arap alfabesinden Latin alfabesine ve Latin alfabesinden Kiril alfabesine geçiş sürecindeki tartışmalar, modernleşme ve kimlik oluşturma çabaları ışığında ele alınmıştır. Bu iki alfabe değişiminin değerlendirilmesi sebebiyle makale; Azerbaycan’da Arap alfabesi ıslahı ve Arap alfabesiyle Latin alfabesinin değişimi önerilerinin gündeme geldiği ve bu konuda çalışmaların başladığı 1850’lerden Azerbaycan Türkçesinin Kiril harfleriyle yazılması kararının alındığı 1939 yılına kadar olan dönem ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışma; bu zaman aralığında Azerbaycan’da değişen siyasal dengelerin alfabe meselesi üzerindeki etkisini ve alfabe değişimlerinin nasıl ve neden gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymayı ve alfabe tartışmalarının ve değişimlerinin Azerbaycan toplumunun kimlik inşasındaki rolüne dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda makalede öncelikle siyasal arka plandan kısaca bahsedilmiş; akabinde literatür taraması yoluyla elde edilen veriler ışığında Azerbaycan’daki alfabe tartışmaları ve alfabe değişimleri, sınırlandırılan dönem çerçevesinde kronolojik olarak incelenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak Azerbaycan’da 1850’lerde modernleşme etkisiyle başlayan Latin alfabesine geçiş düşüncesi, yaşanan siyasi olaylara ve Rus dil politikasına bağlı olarak Sovyet Dönemi’nin ilk zamanlarında gerçekleşmiştir. Latin alfabesi, Azerbaycanlı aydınlar için hem Azerbaycan Türk kimliğinin inşası hem de ortak Türk kimliğinin inşası için bir sembol olmuştur. Ancak SSCB yönetimi, önce Latin alfabesini sonra da Kiril alfabesini Türk boylarının kimlik inşasında bir asimilasyon aracı olarak kullanmıştır.
ASKERİ GÜÇ KULLANIMINDA DAVETLE MÜDAHALE ARGÜMANI VE RUSYA’NIN 2014 UKRAYNA MÜDAHALESİ
Authors: Yuksel Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2024

Uluslararası ilişkilerde odaklanılan temel konulardan biri de barış ve güvenliği tesis edilmesidir. Buna yönelik en büyük sorun ise saldırı eyleminin yani askeri güç kullanımının oluşturduğu sorundur. Bu nedenle Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) sözleşmesinde evrensel çaplı bir kuvvet kullanma yasağına net bir şekilde yer verilmiştir. BM adına yada BM kararıyla kuvvet kullanımı ve meşru müdafaa halinde kuvvet kullanımı bu yasağın istisnai durumları olarak meşru kabul edilmiştir. Ancak zaman içinde ortaya çıkan yeni durumlarda yeni argümanlar üretilerek kuvvet kullanmanın alanı genişletilmiştir. Bu argümanlardan sıklıkla kullanılanı ise davetle müdahale doktrini olmuştur. 2014 yılında Rusya da Ukrayna’da gerçekleştirdiği müdahaleyi bu doktrinle savunmuş ve müdahalenin meşruluğu öne sürmüştür. Ancak uluslararası toplum bu müdahaleyi meşru görmemiş ve Rusya’yı işgalci olarak nitelendirmiştir. Çalışmada Rusya’nın 2014 yılında Ukrayna’da topraklarında gerçekleştirdiği askeri güç kullanımının davetle müdahale doktrini açısından meşru olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. “Uluslararası toplumun Rusya’yı işgalci olarak nitelendirmesinin somut bir gerekçesi var mı?” sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Bu doğrultuda varsa doktrin açısından ihlal edilen kriterleri ortaya koymak hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda Rusya’nın askeri güç kullanımının davetle müdahale doktrininin şartlarını taşımadığı ve müdahalesinin meşru olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
MEKÂNSAL BELLEĞİN SÖZLÜ KÜLTÜR UNSURLARINA YANSIMASI: UNUTULMAYA YÜZ TUTMUŞ BİR EĞLENCE GELENEĞİ ALEYLAM
Authors: Öztürk Merdin Alev
Published: December 2024

Halk eğlenceleri; bir toplumun kültürel kodlarını, estetik eğilimlerini ve barındırdığı değerler bütünüyle toplumsal hafızasını aktaran önemli kültür unsurları arasındadır. Türk kültüründe mevsimsel ve takvimsel sürece bağlı olarak icra edilen eğlenceler, Anadolu’nun birçok yöresinde sözlü kültürün temel taşıyıcıları olarak aktarımına devam etmektedir. Günümüzde geleneksel belleğin aktarımında mekânların bireylerin bir araya gelmesi ve sos-yalleşmesi hususunda birleştirici bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında araştırma alanı olarak belirlenen Denizli ilinin Çivril ilçesi eğlence kültürü açısından zengin bir belleğe sahiptir. Örneklem alanı olarak seçilen Koca-yaka yerleşim alanı, eğlencelerin mekân, zaman ve şahıs kadrosu bağlamında geleneksel bilgiyi aktarması açısın-dan önemli bir icra alanıdır. Yörede yaşatılmaya çalışılan çeşme başında mâni ve türkü söyleme geleneği, kadın icracılar özelinde aktarılarak; Aleylam geleneği köken, mekân, bağlam üçgeninde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu gelenek, yörenin kültürel özelliklerini aktarmasının yanı sıra içerdiği ritüelistik unsurlar ile Türk kültürünün asırlardır devam eden sözlü kültür unsurlarının yaşatılmasında önemli bir icra ortamıdır. Çalışmada performansı gerçekleş-tiren kadın icracılar seçilerek kaynak kişiler ile katılımcı gözlem ve mülakat yönteminden yararlanılıp görüşme yoluna gidilmiştir. Çalışmanın genelinde eğlence anlayışının sosyo-kültürel açıdan değerlendirilmesi hususunda performans teori bağlamında değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
LEIBNIZ’S DILEMMA OF THE ETHICS OF CONQUEST: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN HIS JUST WAR ETHICS AND THE EGYPT PLAN
Authors: Yılmaz Hüseyin , Birgül Osman Gazi
Published: December 2024

This article examines the context surrounding Leibniz’s Egypt Plan and evaluates whether it aligns with his philosophical views on the criteria for just wars. To achieve these aims, the study is divided into five sections. Following an introduction to the political atmosphere of the era when the plan was conceived, the first section discusses the moral justification of the plan, assessing whether it endorses war on ethically sound grounds. The second section evaluates the plan through the lens of proportionality, asserting that a war is just if the harm caused is less than the harm it seeks to prevent. The third section explores why Leibniz did not consider war as a last resort, emphasizing that it should be an option only after all diplomatic avenues have been exhausted. The fourth section examines the intentions behind just wars, which should prioritize the common good over personal or political ambitions. The final section offers an in-depth analysis of whether Leibniz’s plan aligns with divine providence, particularly its adherence to the moral order established by the Christian God, to mitigate both intrareligious and interreligious conflicts. The article ultimately argues that Leibniz’s Egypt Plan is inconsistent with his own philosophical views on just war, highlighting inherent contradictions within his proposals in the context of just war theory.
Análisis de tendencias de las variables: precipitación, velocidad del viento y temperatura utilizando weibull en Cusco Durante 2001-2021
Authors: Huamán Guzmán Abelardo , Catunta Guillén Luz Marina , Kehuarucho Cárdenas Domingo Walter , Soncco Tumpi Santiago
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo planteado describir el comportamiento de las variables meteorológicas indicadas en la ciudad de Cusco durante el periodo 2001-2021. La investigación que se presenta es del tipo no experimental longitudinal y el diseño de esta investigación es descriptivo. La muestra utilizada es el conjunto de datos meteorológicos imputados que corresponden a las variables: precipitación y velocidad del viento con 252 datos y temperatura con 228 datos, obtenida del Observatorio Meteorológico de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC) del periodo 2001 al 2021. Para el presente análisis, interpretación y discusión se han considerado los promedios por día de los datos recolectados en intervalos de tiempo, y utilizado desarrollo descriptivo, distribución Weibull, series temporales y correlación de las tres variables. El nivel de correlación lineal es positivo y de muy poca correlación caso de precipitación vs velocidad del viento en la ciudad del Cusco desde el 2001 al 2021, asimismo para los casos precipitación vs temperatura y velocidad del viento vs temperatura en la ciudad del Cusco desde 2001 al 2019.
التكلفة المستهدفة الخضراء ودورها في تحسين الجودة: ورقة مراجعة
Authors: غالي زينة , عبدالله حنان
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى بيان المرتكزات المعرفية للتكلفة المستهدفة الخضراء ودورها في تخفيض التكاليف ومدى مساهمتها في حماية البيئية من خلال تقليل التلوث وتقليل استهلاك الموارد والطاقة إضافة الى تحسين الجودة وتخفيض تكاليف الفشل البيئي  أي تحقيق التوازن بين المسؤولية البيئية وتخفيض التكاليف  فضلاً عن كيفية ادخال النواحي البيئية في معادلة التكلفة المستهدفة ولكي يحقق هذا الهدف استخدمت الدراسة التحليل الفلسفي لمتغيراتها اضافه الى  مراجعة الادبيات التي بحثت عن  التكلفة المستهدفة  التقليدية وصولاً الى الخضراء اذ تم اخذ عينة من الدراسات محصورة بين سنة 2004 - 2023. وقد توصلت هذه الدراسة الى أهمية التكلفة المستهدفة الخضراء في تحقيق التوازن بين جودة المنتج وتكلفته ومسؤوليته البيئية، وكيف يمكن أن تسهم في تحسين الجودة وتخفيض تكاليف الفشل.
تحليل تأثير التضخم في إحلال العملة الأجنبية في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2022)
Authors: ابراهيم دعاء , إبراهيم علي , محمود احمد
Published: December 2024

عرف الاقتصاد العراقي ظاهرة إحلال العملة الأجنبية منذ عقد الثمانينات مع بدأ تزايد تدهور قيمة الدينار العراقي وظهور بوادر التضخم السريع ، ليبدأ استشراؤها الفعلي مع مرحلة فرض الحصار الاقتصادي في عقد التسعينات وبالرغم من انخفاض معدلات التضخم في اعقاب مرحلة الحصار الاقتصادي ، إلا أن الاضطرابات السياسية والاقتصادية والأمنية بعد عام 2004 أثرت سلباً بارتفاع معدلات التضخم لاسيما المدة (2004-2007) الأمر الذي انعكس باستخدام الدولار الأمريكي أداة لقياس المدفوعات الآجلة ثم مخزن للقيمة ومن ثم وسيط للتبادل في الصفقات التي تجري محلياً، وتحاول دراستنا التعرف على ظاهرة إحلال العملة الأجنبية بكل معانيها وعلاقتها بالتضخم والتحقق من ظاهرة إحلال العملة الأجنبية والوقوف على واقعها في الاقتصاد العراقي خلال المدة (2004-2022) واعتمدت الدراسة بغية تحقيق الهدف المنهج الاستقرائي في تحليل الظاهرة محل الدراسة واستخدام اسلوب التحليل الوصفي واختيار نموذج الارتباط (Correlation) لتحليل البيانات والوصول الى النتائج باستخدام برنامج Spss، وبعد اتباع مؤشر صندوق النقد الدولي في قياس إحلال العملة الأجنبية المتمثل بقسمة الودائع بالعملة الأجنبية على عرض النقد الواسع توصلت الدراسة الى وجود علاقة طردية بين معدل التضخم ومعدل إحلال العملة الأجنبية في الاقتصاد العراقي وبنسبة ارتباط طردي قوي بلغ (0.70) لذا لابد من أخذ ظاهرة إحلال العملة الأجنبية بعين الاعتبار واتخاذ الاجراءات اللازمة للحد منها لاسيما عبر سياسات استقرار معدلات التضخم عند مستويات منخفضة والبحث عن طريقة أخرى لتسعير النفط الخام بدلاً من الدولار الأمريكي ولتكن سلة من العملات الأجنبية من أجل تقليل ربط الاقتصاد العراقي بالدولار.
بناء أنموذج برمجة خطية ضبابي لأتخاد القرار الانتاجي الأمثل: دراسة تطبيقية للشركة العامة للأسمنت العراقية
Authors: كامل براق , حميد لمى , صالح رقية
Published: December 2024

هدف البحث التوصل للقرار الامثل من خلال بناء انموذج برمجة خطية ضبابي Fuzzy Linear Programming Model (FLPM) ذو معالم ضبابية تمثلت بالطلب وكمية الانتاج، ان مشكلة البحث تكمن في مدى مساهمة النموذج المقترح في ازالة حالة عدم التأكد في تحديد الكمية المثلى من الانتاج، وللوصول الى هذه القيمة تم استخدام البرامج الجاهزة (MatlabV.10 ,Win Q.S.B V.2 ) للحصول على نتائج الحل الامثل. للبحث فرضيتان الاولى هي ان نظام الاستدلال الضبابي Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) يساهم في معالجة البيانات الضبابية وعدم الاستقرار عن كميه الانتاج والطلب، والثانية ان بناء النموذج الخطي الضبابي يمكننا من التوصل للحل الامثل.
طبق البحث في الشركة العامة للسمنت العراقية والتي تعد من أكثر الشركات نشاطا في بيئة الصناعة العراقية، تم اختيار اربعة معامل (الكوفة، النجف، بابل، بادوش توسيع) بمنتجاتها عينة للشركة. استخدم في بناء النموذج كميات الطلب ومستلزمات الانتاج وكمية الانتاج ضبابية ذات الارقام الضبابية المثلثية Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFN). من أبرز الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث هي ان الانتاج في المعامل الاربعة (معمل الكوفة، معمل النجف، معمل بابل، معمل بادوش التوسيع) متذبذب وغير مستقر وان تطبيق المنطق الضبابي يعد وسيلة فاعلة لتخلص من حالة عدم التأكد.
دور محاسبة المسؤولية في تقويم الاداء: بالتطبيق على الشركة العامة للمنتوجات الغذائية (مصنع الامين)
Authors: هدام حنين , حليحل جليلة
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث الى بيان مدى اهمية تطبيق محاسبة المسؤولية في الوحدات الاقتصادية ودورها في تقويم اداء مراكز المسؤولية من خلال  القاء الضوء على مراكز المسؤولية ، و التأكد من توفر الالتزام في تطبيق سياسات و اهداف الوحدة الاقتصادية تتمثل المشكلة في ان استخدام الاساليب التقليدية في تقويم الاداء ناتج الى عدم الاهتمام بجوانب المحاسبة الادارية والتركيز على تطبيق نظام محاسبة المسؤولية من خلال تقويم اداء مراكز التكلفة وبسبب اعتمادهم على الاساليب التقليدية وعدم توفر المعلومات الكافية مما ادى الى حدوث ضعف في تقويم الاداء على وفق الطرق الحديثة ، ومن اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث والتحقق من صحة الفرضيات الخاصة بها تم تطبيق نظام محاسبة المسؤولية واختيار القطاع الصناعي مجتمع للبحث والشركة العامة للمنتوجات الغذائية متمثلة بمصنع الامين عينة للبحث ولقد اختتم البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات و التوصيات من اهمها توصل البحث الى وجود  ضعف وقصور في التقارير و المعلومات المحاسبية التي يقدمها المصنع واهمال الجانب الخاص بإعداد التقارير الشهرية و الفصلية و السنوية ومن ضمنها اعددا خطة الموازنة السنوية لتحديد الانحرافات و الوقوف على اسبابها للعمل على ايجاد الحلول التي تساعد في رفع فاعلية و كفاءة العمليات داخل المصنع وتوصي الدراسة يجب تحديد مراكز المسؤولية بشكل دقيق ووضوح، مع توضيح المسؤوليات والأنشطة المرتبطة بها وكيفية تخصيص التكاليف لكل مركز ، يجب على المصنع العمل على تحسين العمليات الإنتاجية والإدارية في مختلف مراكز المسؤولية بهدف تحسين الأداء العام للمصنع ، يجب تطوير نظام المحاسبة والتقويم ليكون أكثر شمولاً وفعالية، بما في ذلك تحديد معايير أداء واضحة وقياسية لتقويم أداء مراكز المسؤولية.
دور التقارير المتكاملة في تقييم اداء مصرف المنصور للاستثمار بموجب بطاقة الاداء المتوازن
Authors: ملحم دعاء , كامل عمر
Published: December 2024

أن التقارير المتكاملة تمثل حَلقة من حَلقات تَطور وضيفة الإِبلاغ المالي وتم اعَتماده من قبل إدارة الوحدات الاقتصادية نتيجة لضُغوط مُستخدمي المعلومات المُحاسبية في ضل بيئة اقتصادية تنافسية تفرض تقليل فَجوة المعلومات بين الإدارة والمُستخدمين بما يَضمن تحقيق الانشطة الاجتماعية والبيئية لتقييم جهود إدارة الوحدات الاقتصادية وقدرتها على تحَقيق اهداف استراتيجيتها وخلق ميزة معلومات متكاملة.
تنبع اهمية البحث من اهمية التقارير المتكاملة وتقييم الاداء المصرفي، حيث يتناول قضية هامة داعمة للإفصاح عن معلومات كمية ونوعية عن اداء المصارف لتلبية احتياجات المستثمرين واصحاب المصالح. وان هدف البحث تمثل في تحديد دور ابعاد التقارير المتكاملة في عملية نتائج وتقييم الاداء المصرفي.
اما مشكلة البحث تصاحب عملية الابلاغ عن نتائج اعمال الوحدة الاقتصادية مشاكل مختلفة دفعت لظهور نوع شامل من التقارير ومن هنا يمكن صياغة مشكلة البحث بالتساؤلات الآتية: هل تؤثر مضامين ابعاد التقارير المتكاملة في تقييم الاداء المصرفي؟ كما يقوم البحث على الفرضيات الآتية: الفرضية الرئيسة الاولى: هنالك دور للتقارير المتكاملة بأبعادها في تقييم الاداء المصرفي بموجب نظام بطاقة الاداء المتوازن BSC.
وتم التوصل الى العديد من الاستنتاجات ضُعف الإفصاح في التقارير غير المالية للمصرف عينة البحثْ فضلاً عن تدني مُستويات الانشطة البيئية والاجتماعية التي تساعد في الإدارة على تَحقيق أهدافها المُرسومة وانخفاض منفعة المعلومَات المُقدمة للمُستخدمين.
ولخص البحث الى التوصيات أهمها ضرورة إلزام المنظمات المهنية المحاسبية وإدارة سوق العراق للأوراق المالية توجيه إدارة المصارف ضرورة الالتزام بأعداد تقارير متكاملة سنوية.
Effects of Globalization on Human Development: An Empirical Study on Selected Muslim Countries
Authors: Aybudak Huri Gül , Aybudak Utku
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between various dimensions of globalization (social, economic, political) and the Human Development Index (HDI) in seven selected Muslim countries (Turkey, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Pakistan) for the period 1990-2019. The Panel Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was utilized for empirical analysis. In the empirical analysis section, the level of human development was used as the dependent variable, while economic, social, and political globalization were selected as independent variables. The study found that political and social globalization positively affects human development levels, while economic globalization negatively impacts HDI. These findings indicate that political and social globalization enhances individuals' living standards and well-being, whereas economic globalization may lead to various adverse economic outcomes. The study aims to contribute to understanding the different impacts of globalization processes on Muslim countries by detailing the effects of globalization's various dimensions on the human development index. The effects of economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization on human development levels have been examined. This study aims to highlight the dialectical relationship between globalization and the quality of life in globalizing countries. The results of the study, supported by econometric analysis, reveal that globalization affects the quality of life in a country not only economically but also socially and politically, in different ways and levels.
Süveyş Kanalındaki Güvenlik Sorunları Nedeni İle Tedarik Zinciri Rotalarının Değişiminin Konteyner Hat Operatörlerine Ve Forwarderlara Yansımaları Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma
Authors: Özen Şimal , Elagöz İsmail
Published: December 2024

Süveyş kanalı Mısır Devleti sınırları içinde yer alan, Asya kıtasını Afrika kıtasından ayıran, Akdeniz’i Kızıldeniz’e bağlayan oldukça önemli bir deniz yoludur. İsrail-Filistin savaşları sebebi ile Süveyş kanalını kullanmakta olan ticari gemilere yapılan saldırılar neticesinde alternatif güzergahlar kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmada rota değişikliğinin konteyner hat operatörleri ve forwarderlara etkileri ve sonuçlarının model olarak sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini; konuya ilişkin görüşlerini açık, net ve objektif bir şekilde ifade edebileceği düşünülen 16 farklı forwarder ve konteyner hat operatörü oluşturmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığıyla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mülakatlardan elde edilen veriler MAXQDA 24 nitel veri analizi programı kullanılarak kodlanmış ve kategorize edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları çerçevesinde Süveyş kanalındaki güvenlik sorunları nedeni ile tedarik zinciri rotalarının değişiminin konteyner hat operatörlerine ve forwarderlara yansımaları maliyetlerde artış ve zaman kayıpları olarak iki ana tema çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Contemporary Models to Forecast Market Risk of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Lalon Raad Mozib , Mozumder Sharif
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the validity of Hybrid model in forecasting market risk considering VaR (Value at Risk) recommended by (Boudoukh, Richardson and Whitelaw, 2007). It then considers the coherent version of the risk measure VaR, ES (Expected shortfall) in forecasting daily investment risk for six commercial banks operating in Bangladesh for the first time applying the Hybrid Model. We consider the daily log return covering from 2010 to 2020, a particularly idiosyncratic performance period for Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). We have adopted RiskMetricsTM(RM) and Historical Simulation (HS) models as less complicated alternate to Hybrid model, which is a combination of HS and RM model. We then consider GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) and GARCH-t models being more complicated alternate to the Hybrid model. Our investigation reveals that Hybrid model, being a parsimonious model, performs poorly compared to GARCH and GARCH-t models in case of VaR forecast and it also performs poorly compared to RM, HS, GARCH and GARCH-t models in case of ES forecasts as evidenced by the outcomes of several backtests as per BASEL-III accord.
Competition and Risk-Taking Behavior of Commercial Banks: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saifuddin , Hassan Hashibul
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the role of competition on the propensity to take risks in the case of Bangladeshi commercial banks. We have used yearly data from 2009 to 2022 for a sample of 29 publicly traded banks. The Lerner Index was used to measure market power or competition, whilst Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA) and Loan Loss Provision (LLP) were used as indicators to evaluate the risk-taking propensities of the banks. We have used fixed effects, random effects, and feasible generalized least square regressions to examine the correlation between competitiveness and risk-taking behavior. A robust and statistically significant association is observed between the Lerner Index and Risk-Weighted Assets irrespective of the consideration of macroeconomic variables. A similar trend between Lerner index and Loan Loss Provisions is also evident. The results indicate that an increase in market dominance or a decrease in market competition leads to a higher allocation of high-risk investments and reserves for probable loan defaults.
Model of Achieving Operational Excellence by Using Information and Communication Technology in Readymade Garments: A Study on Bangladesh Market
Authors: Nipa Nymatul Jannat
Published: December 2024

Bangladesh’s transformation from an agricultural to industrial nation has resulted in significant foreign exchange earnings from the export of ready-made garments (RMG). Any RMG firm’s main business operations are strongly associated with information and communication technology (ICT). But owners and managers are not quite ready to adapt all their activities from manual to automatic rather they found it costly. That’s why this paper makes an effort to examine, from a Bangladeshi viewpoint, the potential and importance of ICT applications in RMG, how they will impact operational excellence, and how operational excellence will drive RMG towards greater sustainability. A comprehensive data analysis of 347 samples was used to test the conceptual model followed by a literature and a set of hypotheses. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has been utilized in the study to estimate the hierarchical model and investigate the relationships between the constructs. ICT is seen in the RMG industry as a vital sustainability tool rather than a way to obtain a competitive edge, according to data retrieved from study. In accordance to the results, implementing ICT in the RMG industry will be the best way for achieving operational excellence in almost all of RMG companies in Bangladesh.
The Influence of Employee Benefits Preferences on The Job Retention of Generation Y and Z Employees at PT X Information Technology Company in Indonesia
Authors: Widjaya Susendi , Sirait Tongam
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the landscape of the labor market in Indonesia, especially in the fast-growing information technology sector. Generation Y and Z employees have high expectations for workplace welfare, including employee benefits. This study aims to analyze the effect of employee benefits preferences, both direct financial compensation, indirect financial compensation, and non-financial compensation on the job retention of generation Y and Z employees at PT X. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. The sample consisted of 88 respondents randomly selected from a total population of 727 employees. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using validity and reliability tests, as well as regression analysis. The results showed that all types of compensation have a significant effect on job retention. Direct financial compensation exerts the greatest influence, followed by non-financial compensation. Employees who are satisfied with employee benefits tend to be more loyal and have a lower desire to change jobs. Employee benefits preference has a positive impact on the retention of generation Y and Z employees at PT X. To increase retention, companies need to pay attention and improve the quality of employee benefits offered. This research provides input for companies in designing more effective human resource management strategies.
Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence and Distribution by Age in Pregnant Women in Diyarbakir: Eight Years Experience
Authors: Ayaydın Zeynep , Batgi Azarkan Ayşe , Alkan Bilik Özge , Tekin Ali Cem , Dicle Yalçın
Published: December 2024

Objective: Toxoplasma, rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can cause malformations in the fetus, usually in the first three months of pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to examine the distribution of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) type and immunoglobulin G (IgG) type antibodies against toxoplasma, rubella and CMV in pregnant women in XXX over an 8-year period according to age groups.
Methods: Pregnant women aged 15-49 years who applied to our hospital between 2015-2022 were included in this study. IgM and IgG antibodies for toxoplasma, rubella and CMV were studied with the Triturus automatic ELISA (Grifols SA, Barcelona, Spain) system and the Dia. ProDiagnostic Bioprobes (Milan, Italy) brand kit. Relationships between age groups and antibody seropositivity were investigated with the chi-square method at the p
Assessment literacy of Indian educators at the tertiary-level: Insights on practices and perspectives
Authors: Varshini S. Amrutha , Venkatalakshmi T. Shrimathy
Published: December 2024

The present study analyzes the assessment literacy levels of tertiary level educators in Tamil Nadu, India. And to this end, 40 teachers at the tertiary-level from rural, urban, and semi-urban areas were selected and an Assessment Literacy Inventory was administered to them. Additionally, to corroborate the questionnaire results, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 teachers (from the 40 who filled out the questionnaire). The results show that teachers believe that assessments help in the teaching-learning process. However, teachers don’t read articles and books related to assessment to develop their assessment literacy. The findings also highlight the fact that educational institutions do not conduct programs to enhance teachers’ assessment literacy levels.
Socialization Use of the Internet and Social Media to Increase Productive Activities for Small Business Actors in Bacukiki District, Pare Pare City
Authors: Retyana Wahrini  , Hasbi  , Ganggang Canggi Arnanto
Published: December 2024

UMKM are businesses owned by individuals. UMKM are expected to help economic growth in Indonesia. The purpose of this community service is to help UMKM, especially chicken farms, in the marketing process based on the internet and social media. The service method used is through marketing socialization using social media in the form of Instagram and Facebook. Community service activities consist of 3 stages, namely preparation and planning, implementation of activities, evaluation and monitoring. The results of this activity are that partners gain new understanding and experience in marketing products using social media. The results of the community service carried out are that partners have an understanding of using the internet as a marketing tool. Partners also have the ability to market products using social media Facebook and Instagram. As for suggestions for UMKM in chicken farms, they can consistently market through social media, and suggestions for community service providers are that continued community service programs need to be carried out so that the community, especially UMKM actors, continues to be helped.
The Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment— An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data from 31 Chinese Provinces
Authors: Li Zilong , John Paredes
Published: December 2024

This paper employs a two-way fixed effects model and uses panel data from 31 provinces of China between 2012 and 2022 to empirically analyze the impact of digital inclusive finance on China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI). The study finds that, overall, the development of digital inclusive finance in China significantly promotes OFDI. Its sub-dimensions, including coverage breadth and usage depth, have a significant positive impact on OFDI across Chinese provinces. Further analysis reveals that the sub-dimensions of usage depth, such as credit and payment, also have a significant effect on OFDI in various provinces. In addition, the control variable of economic development level significantly positively influences OFDI in China. Regional regression results indicate that the development of digital inclusive finance in central and western China significantly promotes OFDI in these regions, while the effect is not significant in the eastern region. Policy Recommendations: China should accelerate the development of a digital inclusive finance system and promote financial innovation. It is crucial to focus on the coordinated development of various digital inclusive finance indicators, narrow the financial service gap between regions, and thus foster the long-term development of China's outward foreign direct investment.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Kasir Penjualan Parfum Menggunakan Microsoft Visual Studio dengan Integrasi Database MySQL dan XAMPP
Authors: Salsabila Fairuz , Panggabean Teresa , Basatha Rizky
Published: December 2024

The development of the retail business is growing rapidly in today’s digital era, driven by advances in information technology that provide great opportunities to continue to innovate. Sales management is one of the important elements to ensure operations run smoothly, especially in the perfume sales business that requires proper data management. However, many small businesses still rely on manual record-keeping, which is prone to human error. As a solution to overcome these challenge, a simple computer-based cashier system is needed that is able to record automatically and maintain the availability of goods to be more accurate. This research develops a perfume sales cashier application with Microsoft Visual Studio with the support of MySQL and XAMPP as a database that provides convenience. Hopefully, the development of this application will be a practical solution that supports the sustainability of small businesses in the digital era.
Sistem Kunci Elektronik Pintu Kos Menggunakan IoT Berbasis E-KTP
Authors: Ramadini Deby , Hastuti Hastuti
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for boarding houses in urban areas presents challenges for owners, including ensuring security, managing access, and enforcing tenant compliance with rental agreements. This research introduces an IoT-based electronic door lock system utilizing e-KTP for boarding houses to address these challenges. The system facilitates efficient and secure room access management through integration with a web server for real-time monitoring and notifications. It employs an RFID reader to authenticate e-KTP cards, with the data processed by a NodeMCU microcontroller to control a solenoid lock. For emergency situations, a pushbutton is installed to allow access from inside the room. The system records all access events and sends notifications to users, including reminders for payment deadlines and rental expiration. All data is stored in a MySQL database and accessed through a user-friendly web interface designed for tenants and landlords. Testing demonstrates the system's reliability in granting authorized access and blocking unauthorized attempts. The push button ensures secure internal use. The integration of IoT technology enhances security, convenience, and administrative efficiency in managing rental housing.
Teori Belajar Behavioristik: Memahami Hubungan Stimulus-Respons dan Aplikasinya dalam Pendidikan serta Terapi Perilaku
Authors: Azima Rizqiyul , Batubara Juliana , Deliani Nurfarida
Published: December 2024

Behavioristic learning theory is an approach to psychology that emphasizes the importance of behavior that can be observed and measured objectively. This theory focuses on the relationship between stimulus and response, and emphasizes the role of the environment as a major factor in the formation of behavior. In behaviorism, learning is seen as a change in behavior that occurs due to reinforcement or punishment. The main figures in this theory include Ivan Pavlov with classical conditioning theory, B.F. Skinner with operant conditioning theory, and John B. Watson who popularized behaviorism as a scientific approach to psychology. Applications of this theory are widely used in education, training, and behavior therapy, especially in forming new habits or eliminating unwanted behaviors. The strength of this approach is its simplicity and focus on measurable results, while its weakness lies in its lack of attention to internal factors, such as motivation, emotions, and cognitive processes. By understanding behavioristic learning theory, educators and practitioners can design effective strategies to redirect behavior through environmental manipulation and appropriate reinforcement.
Analisis Keterampilan Berbahasa Inggris di Bidang Industri Pariwisata untuk Pemula
Authors: Kanca I Nyoman
Published: December 2024

This study explores the importance of English language proficiency in supporting the development of the tourism industry, especially for beginners in the sector. The approach used is qualitative, with data collection through observation and interviews. Various relevant references, including scientific journals and books related to this topic, were collected and analyzed in depth to answer various questions that emerged in the study. The results of this study indicate that good English language skills are essential for tourism industry players to provide a satisfying experience for guests. This certainly contributes positively to increasing revenue and profits for hotels or tourist destinations. In addition, English language skills also affect job opportunities, career promotions, and improving the positive image of employees in the hotel and other tourism sectors. Given the importance of English language proficiency in the tourism industry, it is very important for the community, government, and educational institutions focusing on the tourism sector, such as vocational schools, tourism colleges, and training institutions, to prepare students with adequate English language skills. This effort can be done by providing more focused and quality English education.
Is Crypto a New Emerging Financial Market? A Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
Authors: Itrat Rehman Yazbek  , Shafiq-ur-Rehman
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive literature review in order to investigate the crucial role that cryptocurrencies play in the financial sector, as emphasized in a variety of research works that have been published. A disruptive force is developing in the shape of cryptocurrencies, which are defining the future of digital currencies and driving the creation of new financial infrastructures and investment possibilities. A number of different dimensions are investigated in the literature that was evaluated, which demonstrates the many relationships that cryptocurrencies have with other financial sectors, economic frameworks, and technology improvements. The findings of this study provide light on the ways in which cryptocurrencies impact market dynamics, investment patterns, and economic growth. Additionally, the study provides insights into the potential of cryptocurrencies to reimagine contemporary financial institutions.
Farklı Yükseltilerde Dağçayı (Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr.)’nın Uçucu Bileşenleri
Authors: Tekeş Ayşegül , Göksu Karagöz Sermin , Gülsoy Serkan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr.’nin farklı yükseltilerden (alt ve üst rakım) toplanan örneklerinin uçucu bileşenlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uçucu bileşen analizi HS-SPME (Tepe Boşluğu – Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyon) yöntemi kullanılarak, üç tekerrürlü olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan örnekler, Afyonkarahisar ili Sultandağı Yöresi’nden toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda iki farklı yükseltide toplamda 90 uçucu bileşen tespit edilmiş olup, bunların 55’i her iki yükseltide ortak bulunurken, 8’i sadece alt rakımda, 27’si ise sadece üst rakımda saptanmıştır. Ayrıca alt rakımda %70.0 olarak bulunan uçucu bileşen yüzdesi, üst rakımda %91.1’e çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki yükseltide de trans-Caryophyllene ve trans-beta- Farnesene bileşenlerinin en yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bitkinin uçucu bileşenleri ve oranlarındaki bu değişkenliğin çevresel koşullar (coğrafi konum, toprak özellikleri, nem, sıcaklık, yükselti vb.), fenolojik durumu (bitki büyüme aşaması), uçucu yağ çıkarmak için kullanılan bitki kısmı, materyal türü (taze veya kuru), uçucu yağ çıkarmak için kullanılan yöntem ve bitkinin toplama zamanı gibi birçok faktöre göre değişebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.