bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE UNIFIED DUTY-DISPATCHING EMERGENCY SERVICE
Authors: Bektemyssova G. , Uatbayev M.
Published: February 2022

В статье освещены существующие рабочие модели функционирования дежурно-диспет- черских экстренных служб в мире. Исследованы модели построения служб «911» и «112» с учетом законодательных норм Республики Казахстан. Отражены основные концепции функционирования служб «911» и «112». Рассмотрен функциональный анализ экстренных служб «911» и «112», также рассматривается общая структура разновидности построения вышеуказанных служб. Предложена новая модель создания информационной системы по обеспечению жинедеятельности центра обра- ботки экстренных вызовов.
The Energy Efficiency Gap in the Rental Housing Market: It Takes Both Sides to Build a Bridge
Authors: Lambin Xavier , Schleich Joachim , Faure Corinne
Published: February 2022

We revisit the issue of the energy efficiency (EE) gap by explicitly acknowledging the two-sided nature of the rental housing market and two-sided asymmetries of information between tenants and landlords. Employing a theoretical matching model, we show that Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) that signal a dwelling’s energy performance induce optimal EE investments by landlords only if tenants pay their energy expenditures in full. When landlords pay part of the energy expenditures, they seek tenants who will conserve energy. Our model shows that asymmetry of information over tenant characteristics results in suboptimally low investments in EE. This may even render EPCs counterproductive. As a remedy, we show that tenant-side signaling needs to be rolled out jointly with EPCs and may even be sufficient when contracts include energy expenditures. Data from an original survey provides support for these insights and suggests that information on the tenants’ side contributes to more EE investment.
De hervorming van het bewijsrecht in België
Authors: Vandenbussche Wannes
Published: February 2022

De hervorming van het bewijsrecht in België. Een spiegeling aan het huidige en toekomstige Nederlandse recht

Op 4 april 2019 werd in België de eerste bouwsteen gelegd van een nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek. Toen keurde de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers van het federaal parlement de wet goed tot invoering van een Burgerlijk Wetboek en tot invoeging van Boek 8 ‘Bewijs’ in dat wetboek. De eerste grondige hervorming van het Belgische bewijsrecht sinds 1804 was daarmee een feit. Deze bijdrage schetst de vier hoofdlijnen die deze hervorming kenmerken: (1) het toegankelijk maken en codificeren van het geldende recht, (2) het bevestigen van het gereglementeerde bewijsstelsel, maar met de nodige versoepelingen, (3) het bewijsrecht aanpassen aan een moderne samenleving en (4) het verduidelijken van de regels inzake bewijslast en de bewijsstandaard. Tijdens de bespreking van deze hoofdlijnen wordt telkens ook aandacht besteed aan de gelijkenissen en verschillen met het Nederlandse bewijsrecht.
De prejudiciële procedure presteert prima. Indrukken uit de eerste 100 prejudiciële vragen aan de Hoge Raad
Authors: Möhring Maartje , Kingma Sikke
Published: February 2022

De prejudiciële procedure presteert prima. Indrukken uit de eerste 100 prejudiciële vragen aan de Hoge Raad

In deze bijdrage worden de eerste indrukken van de prejudiciële praktijk besproken aan de hand van de vragen en uitspraken in de eerste honderd civiele prejudiciële vragen. Wat waren de bedoeling en de verwachting van de prejudiciële procedure, en lijkt dat in de eerste honderd zaken een beetje te zijn uitgekomen? Conclusie van de bijdrage is dat de verwachtingen lijken te zijn waargemaakt en dat de prejudiciële procedure een waardevolle uitbreiding is gebleken van ons rechtsvordelijke systeem.
Het negatief narratief van het Nederlands executierecht
Authors: Molkenboer Gijs
Published: February 2022

Het negatief narratief van het Nederlands executierecht

De tenuitvoerlegging van de rechterlijke uitspraak vormt het sluitstuk van de procedure. In dit artikel wordt betoogd dat daarmee onderbelicht blijft dat het executierecht het fundament onder het procesrecht vormt. Het executierecht wordt in Nederland beschouwd als noodzakelijk alternatief voor eigenrichting – niet als een volwaardig recht dat de staat moet verlenen aan procespartijen. Maatschappelijke (schuld)problemen openbaren zich deels in het executierecht. De wetgever vermoedt een disbalans tussen schuldeisers en schuldenaren, neemt zonder meer aan dat deze in het executierecht kan worden rechtgezet en grijpt, zonder kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve onderbouwing, in.
Responsibility instead of authority? Analysis of the arguments for and against the modification of the term parental authority in the Family and Guardianship Code
Authors: Łopatkiewicz Agata
Published: February 2022

Despite the fact that the term parental authority has been in force in the Family and Guardianship Code for over fifty years, the discussion on the validity of its replacement with the term parental responsibility is still quite vivid in the doctrine of family law. The aim of the paper is to analyse selected arguments for and against terminological modification in this area and to try to answer the question: what point of view on this problem does pedagogy offer.
Hypersexual behaviours of adolescents: certain observations in the context of the COVID pandemic
Authors: Gulczyńska Anna
Published: February 2022

The aim of the article is to answer the question why the period of the pandemic may have contributed to the increase in hypersexual behaviours in the group of adolescents, in particular in the use of pornography. First, the article presents the specificity of the adolescence period in the context of the described issue of sexuality, then, the understanding of hypersexual behaviours in accordance with the ICD11 classification that came into force in 2022. Subsequently, based on the ecological model of sexuality, it was justified why the pandemic could strengthen beyond-normative sexual behaviours in this group. Particular emphasis was placed on the activation of the dopamine reward system, which is the physiological basis for the consolidation of hypersexual behaviours in the said group.
Parentification: identification and analysis of educational environments. Biographical perspective
Authors: Chojnacka Barbara
Published: February 2022

Parentification is a phenomenon of reversal of intrafamily roles between children and parents (Minuchin, 1968). Children become persons responsible for the family system, assuming the roles, instrumental and emotional, of adults – parents. The available literature on the subject of research allows for the identification of specific family situations as circumstances favourable for the occurrence of this process. Each family as a group with specific bonds functions in various contexts, which in social pedagogy can be called "environments". This article transmits the category of educational environments to the biographical experiences of parentified people. The author identifies, analyses and describes them using fragments of (auto)biographical narrative interviews. Retrospective approach to family experiences allows, by narrators, to define the distinguished environments as a potential and a biographical reference point that helps to apply individual strategies of coping with difficult, sometimes traumatic experiences, related to the reversal of roles in the family.
Youth Attitudes Towards the Elderly Questionnaire. Psychometric properties of the tool
Authors: Wosik-Kawala Danuta
Published: February 2022

The presented article is devoted to the problem of attitudes of society towards the elderly. The subject of consideration are the measurement possibilities for determining the attitudes of youth towards older people over 65 years of age, and its aim is to present an authoring tool for examining such attitudes. The article presents the psychometric properties of the measuring tool: Youth Attitudes Towards the Elderly. The questionnaire consists of 22 statements assigned to three scales relating to behavioural, cognitive and emotional attitudes of adolescents towards the elderly. These scales were distinguished thanks to the factor analysis. The results indicate that both the total result of the Youth Attitudes Towards the Elderly scale and the individual subscales achieved satisfactory values of the validation factors. The performed statistical analyses also allowed for the standardization of the tool, allowing for the determination of a positive, indifferent or negative attitude towards the elderly.
The presented tool, apart from its satisfactory psychometric properties, is important due to its practical usefulness, because the results obtained with this tool can increase the knowledge about the young people’s perception of older people, and consequently can help to take appropriate action to prevent gerontophobia, ageism or stereotypes perpetuating the negative image of the elderly.
Molecular docking-based virtual screening of antidiabetic agents from Songga (Strychnos lucida R.Br.): an Indonesian native plant
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Setiawansyah Arif , Reynaldi Muhammad Andre ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Tjahjono Daryono Hadi , Sukrasno Sukrasno ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology
Published: February 2022

This study was carried out to predict the compounds derived from Songga that have potential as antidiabetic and predict their mechanism of action on various pathways of glucose regulation in diabetes mellitus by molecular docking. Molecular docking-based virtual screening was done by using AutoDock Vina software assisted by AutoDockTools. The test compounds used for virtual screening were obtained from literature studies and were combined with Lipinski’s rule to select the compounds for the prediction of lead candidates that can be used in oral administration. The receptors used in this study were human aldose reductase, human maltase-glucoamylase, PPAR-gamma, pancreatic beta-cell SUR1, and human DPP-IV. The validation of the molecular docking method of five target receptors showed that RMSD values of human aldose reductase, human maltase-glucoamylase, PPAR-gamma, pancreatic beta-cell SUR1, and human DPP-IV were 0.6446 Å, 1.8668 Å, 0.2527 Å, 1.7452 Å, and 1.7439 Å, respectively. From the molecular docking-based virtual screening, we discovered that for each target protein, there were one to three optimal compounds that have the best interaction in our investigation. Those compounds were chlorogenic acid on human aldose reductase, phyllamycin A, chlorogenic acid, and brucine N-oxide on human maltase-glucoamylase, phyllamycin A on PPAR-gamma, strychnine N-oxide on pancreatic beta-cell SUR1 and strychnine on human DPP-IV with binding affinity value of -9.9 kcal/mol, -7.6 kcal/mol, -9.9 kcal/mol, -8.8 kcal/mol, and -6.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Several compounds are predicted to have potential to be developed as antidiabetic agents. However, further laboratory investigations like in vitro and in vivo assays need to be conducted.
Analytical Solution for Bending and Free Vibrations of an Orthotropic Nanoplate based on the New Modified Couple Stress Theory and the Third-order Plate Theory
Authors: Barulina Marina , Kondratov Dmitry , Galkina Sofia , Markelova Olga
Published: February 2022

In the present work, the equations of motion of a thin orthotropic nanoplate were obtained based on the new modified couple stress theory and the third-order shear deformation plate theory. The nanoplate was considered as a size-dependent orthotropic plate. The governing equations were derived using the dynamic version of Hamilton’s principle and natural boundary conditions were formulated. An analytical solution in the form of a double Fourier series was obtained for a simply supported rectangular nanoplate. The eigenvalue problem was set and solved. It was analytically shown that the displacements of the median surface points in the plane of the plate do not depend on the material length scale parameters in the same directions; these in-plane directional displacements depend on the material length scale parameter in the out-of-plane direction only. On the other hand, the out-of-plane directional displacement depends on the length scale parameter in the plane directions only. The cross-section rotation angles depend on all length scale parameters. It was shown that the size-dependent parameters only have a noticeable effect on the deformed state of the plate if their order is not less than the order (plate height)-1.
Human chorionic gonadotropin therapy in hypogonadic severe-oligozoospermic men and its effect on semen parameters
Authors: Andrabi Syed Waseem , Makker Giresh Chandra , Makker Renu , Mishra Geetanjali , Singh Rajender
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy is beneficial for improving semen parameters and clinical hypogonadism symptoms in hypogonadic oligozoospermic or severe oligozoospermic men with low or borderline testosterone levels. Methods: A weekly dose of 250 μg (equivalent to approximately 6,500 IU) of hCG was administered subcutaneously for 3–6 months to 56 hypogonadic oligozoospermic or severe oligozoospermic men. Semen, biochemical, and genetic analyses were performed before the start of treatment followed by analyzing semen parameters every 3 months after the start of therapy. We grouped participants into responders and non-responders depending on positive changes in semen parameters. Results: Out of 56 men, 47 (83.93%) responded, while 9 (16.07%) did not. Upon statistical analysis, it was found that age did not affect the overall outcomes (p=0.292); however, men with higher body mass index (BMI; 28.09±3.48 kg/m2) showed better outcomes than those with low BMI (25.33±3.06 kg/m2) (p=0.042). The duration of therapy (in months) was higher in non-responders than in responders (p=0.020). We found significant improvements in sperm concentration (p=0.006) and count (p=0.005) after 3 months of therapy. Conclusion: Sperm motility and progressive motility were also found to be higher in responders, but did not show statistically significant changes. We conclude that hCG therapy can be beneficial in men with hypogonadic oligozoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.
The Proposal of Corporate Payout Decisions’ Modelling
Authors: Kowerski Mieczysław , Kaźmierska-Jóźwiak Bogna
Published: February 2022

Decisions on a company’s profit sharing are the most important financial decisions for both the shareholders as a source of additional income and the company as the source of cash outflow. The net profit can be transferred to the shareholders in the form of dividends or stock repurchases. Due to the fact that for both, dividends and share repurchase, the source of payments is the net profit (either last year profit, or retained profit), it can be assumed that decisions regarding dividend payments and share repurchases are interdependent. Therefore, a very important and so far without an unequivocal solution is the problem of measuring the relationship between decisions on dividend payments and share repurchases (whether to pay out a company’s profit in one of the forms, in both forms or at all). Taking into consideration the possibility of interdependence of both forms of corporate payout policy as well as the fact that data describing payout policy are of panel nature and the relationships between the decisions and the determinants may be non-linear, two simultaneous  equations second order panel binomial choice model with random specific effects, the parameters of which are estimated in the same way as in the two stage least squares, was suggested for modelling the payout policy. The modelling procedure was verified by the estimation of the model on a balanced panel of 153 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange over the period 2008–2016 (1,377 observations). The study results show that the proposed procedure enables the selection of appropriate factors determining the decisions on dividends and share repurchases and the assessment of the relationship between them. It takes into the consideration the panel nature of the data and the possibility of heterogeneity and removes the phenomenon of endogeneity in the model, thereby, filling an existing gap in the literature on corporate payout decisions.
Social Globalisation and Efficiency of Microfinance Institutions Nexus: Empirical Evidence on Financial and Social Efficiency
Authors: Iqbal Hussain Hafezali , Kamarudin Fakarudin , Mohamad Anwar Nazratul Aina , Sufian Fadzlan , Ali Azlan , Saudi Mohd Haizam
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this paper is to identify the impacts of social globalisation comprised of personal contacts, information flows and cultural proximity to the financial and social efficiency of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). This study had conducted two stages of analysis, in which the first stage is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and the second stage is multiple panel regression analysis under Generalized Least Square estimation method. The results exhibit that the overall MFIs operated in a relatively optimal scale during the period of the study. However, these MFIs were managerially inefficient in utilising their resources to achieve both social and financial efficiency. The results from panel regression analysis showed that only personal contacts exhibit a significant positive relationship with the financial efficiency of MFIs. This study could contribute new insights and implications to various parties, such as MFIs, policy makers, investors and researchers to improve the efficiency of MFIs.
CRT Past, Present, and Future Directions: Toward Intelligent Responders Selection and Optimizing Pacing Modalities
Authors: Alabdulgader Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a serious health problem affecting all nations of world. Its impact is increasing with increasing individual age. Ventricular dyssynchrony is well known to contribute to pathophysiological deterioration in more than one-third of CHF subjects. The therapeutic choices of CHF witnessed long decades of stagnant periods and a relative paucity of effective treatment. The discovery of the electrical therapy that is capable of reversing ventricular dyssynchrony, in the form of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), is a true revolution in the timeline of CHF management. Despite the early enthusiasm associated with CRT implantations started in 2001, we know from the last two decades’ experience that non-responders constitute to nearly 40% of all CRT patients. This chapter is devoted to reviewing the past, present and future of CRT with special attention on better intelligent detection of the electrical substrate responsive to CRT as well as optimizing the choice of CRT subjects using the latest knowledge in electrocardiographic and state-of-art imagining technologies. Novel future directions are discussed with new scientific philosophies capable of optimizing CRT. Promising new implants techniques such as endocardial pacing of the left ventricle, His bundle pacing as well as His-optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy are discussed.
Intersection Management, Cybersecurity, and Local Government: ITS Applications, Critical Issues, and Regulatory Schemes
Authors: Hou Yunfei , Collins Kimberly , Van Wart Montgomery
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the cybersecurity issues of intersection management—an element of transportation management systems—for local governments. Until relatively recently, concerns about and research needs for intersection cybersecurity have been largely ignored, and local governments have focused on other types of cyber threats, relying instead on private sector vendors to provide equipment that is safe against attacks. To address the gap in the literature, this article provides a short overview of the types of components used in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and reviews the critical issues for local governments. Further, it discusses some current efforts to remediate the vulnerabilities in ITS and examines the current regulatory framework. This review of the issues is augmented by an analysis of local government perspectives using the Delphi method. The article concludes with some recommendations.
Platelets in Ulcerative Colitis: From Pathophysiology to Therapy
Authors: Petrovic Stanko , Obradovic Slobodan , Petrovic Marijana , Rancic Nemanja
Published: February 2022

Based on the role of platelets in inflammation and hemostasis it has been assumed that antiplatelet therapy could be beneficial for patients suffering from ulcerative colitis. Platelets present a link between inflammation and coagulation. They have more than 300 active mediators stored in their granules. Upon activation, platelet degranulate and release a lot of microparticles and mediators and interact with other immune and non-immune cells thereby amplifying inflammation. The most important parameters of platelet activation are P-selectin and CD40 ligand expressed on their surface upon activation, and their soluble forms presented in blood. Today, we have potent anti-platelet drugs that can inhibit platelet activation and degranulation, and thereby reduce inflammation. The most important drugs are P2Y12 receptor antagonists such as ticagrelor and clopidogrel and glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors. Ticagrelor is an active drug and besides antiplatelet activity, it has bactericidal activity against Gram-positive strains and Clostridium difficile. Clopidogrel is a prodrug with less anti-inflammatory effect than ticagrelor and no proven bactericidal activity. Glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors are very potent in reducing platelet aggregation but have lower anti-inflammatory potential than ticagrelor and clopidogrel.
Pencils of Semi-Infinite Matrices and Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Zagorodnyuk Sergey
Published: February 2022

Semi-infinite matrices, generalized eigenvalue problems, and orthogonal polynomials are closely related subjects. They connect different domains in mathematics—matrix theory, operator theory, analysis, differential equations, etc. The classical examples are Jacobi and Hessenberg matrices, which lead to orthogonal polynomials on the real line (OPRL) and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC). Recently there turned out that pencils (i.e., operator polynomials) of semi-infinite matrices are related to various orthogonal systems of functions. Our aim here is to survey this increasing subject. We are mostly interested in pencils of symmetric semi-infinite matrices. The corresponding polynomials are defined as generalized eigenvectors of the pencil. These polynomials possess special orthogonality relations. They have physical and mathematical applications that will be discussed. Examples show that there is an unclarified relation to Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. This intriguing connection is a challenge for further investigations.
Comparative Dosimetric Study between 60Co and 192Ir BEBIG High Dose Rate Sources, Used in Brachytherapy, Using Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended
Authors: Elboukhari Said , Yamni Khalid , Ouabi Hmad , Bouassa Taoufiq , Ait Mlouk Lahcen
Published: February 2022

The purpose from this work is the investigation for dosimetric parameters of the two new BEBIG sources, 60Co and 192Ir used in high-dose-rate brachytherapy. According to the full report of AAPM and ESTRO; air-kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and 2D along & away dose rates tables were calculated. Moreover, a comparison was made between the calculated dosimetric parameters for the HDR sources simulated in this study. We used the MCN-PX to investigate the dosimetric parameters of both sources. The geometry of each source was defined in the input program of MCNPX, and each simulation was performed with an appropriate number of particle histories to get an acceptable Type A statistical uncertainty. The results obtained were tabulated and presented in graphical format; these results show a good agreement with other previous studies. The comparison made between the two simulated sources in this work shows a minor difference observed in the generated 2D along & away tables for complementing the commissioning of these sources within a TPS. This difference is considered negligible by the clinical specialists.
Somnambulism: Recent Findings
Authors: Sri Kantha Sachi
Published: February 2022

Somnambulism is characterized as a parasomnia occurring during slow-wave sleep stages. It is also an autosomal dominant disorder, and its genetic locus has been identified at chromosome 20 q12-q13.12. The prevalence of somnambulism among children and adults has been estimated as 1–6%. Among the specific environmental factors precipitating somnambulistic episodes in adults, prescription drug use, alcohol, emotional stress, sleep deprivation, and certain psychiatric conditions have been suggested. Somnambulistic patients frequently cause injuries to themselves, family members who sleep nearby, and in-hospital settings to nurses who attend on them. Even cases of homicidal somnambulism have been reported. The lack of a suitable animal model to study somnambulism in controlled settings hinder appropriate pharmaceutical protocols to prevent this disorder among humans. Partial or total alleviation of somnambulistic symptoms in children and adults deserves the attention of health researchers.
The Importance of Buckwheat as a Pseudocereal: Content and Stability of Its Main Bioactive Components
Authors: Džafić Amela , Oručević Žuljević Sanja
Published: February 2022

The production of various bakery and non-bakery products based on buckwheat with components that positively affect health (fiber, antioxidants, and/or minerals), the optimization of recipes and technological process parameters, as well as giving character to final products in terms of their sensory acceptability and potential functional properties, gained significant interest last few years. Therefore, buckwheat products such as bread, biscuits, snacks, noodles, and cakes are commercialized and increasingly consumed. In addition, the use of non-bakery buckwheat products, such as tea, sprouts, honey, and other products, is becoming more common. In order to obtain potentially functional food with buckwheat of high nutritional quality, it is important to understand the effect of processing on bioactive components. The baking process, inevitable in the production of bakery products, is especially important. It is also important to understand the effect of storage on bioactive components. To this end, in the light of available literature, this chapter will provide an overview of bioactive components in buckwheat and discuss their stability in buckwheat and its products during processing and storage.
Effective EEG Artifact Removal from EEG Signal
Authors: Roy Vandana
Published: February 2022

An EEG (electroencephalography) provides insight into the status of the brain’s electrical activity. EEG is based on the electrical activity measured in voltage at various sites in the brain. Generally speaking, these signals are non-stationery and time-varying. Various signal processing techniques can be used to examine these signals. Several statistical approaches to EEG data analysis are discussed in this chapter. In this Chapter, Electroencephalograph Signals and their generation process have been discussed; the EEG signal has been compared with fMRI and PET signals. The classification of the EEG signals on the amplitude, frequency, and shape have been elaborated in wave analysis of EEG, and applications of these components are presented. The artifacts of EEG have been explained in detail.
Anal Fistula: Contemporary View of Complex Problem
Authors: Karlović Damir , Kršul Dorian , Jerković Ante , Bačić Đordano , Zelić Marko
Published: February 2022

Anal fistulas are still a huge challenge for surgeons because of their high incidence, high recurrence rate, prolonged healing time and possible complications such as fecal incontinence. Even though many surgical options have been described, we still do not have the standardized procedure. Patients who suffered from this problem have a low quality of life because of constant anal pain and soiling from anal tracts. Aside from cryptoglandular etiology, fistulas associated with Crohn’s disease are separate entity that requires a multidisciplinary approach. This chapter will be an overview of modern approaches in anal fistula treatment regardless of etiology with special consideration on how to avoid adverse outcomes and to improve patients’ quality of life.
Explaining the Role of Physicians in Urban Comprehensive Health Service Centers After Implementing Health Transformation Plan in Southeast of Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shahabianmoghaddam Abbas , Zanganeh Baygi Mehdi
Published: February 2022

Background: Health transformation plan (HTP) in Iran was established in 2014 to promote primary health care through expanding and strengthening the first level of services in urban and rural areas. The activities of physicians and their colleagues in comprehensive health service centers have increased access and improved community health. Conducting various studies on the urban physicians’ roles can help policymakers achieve the goals. Objectives: This study aimed to explain the role of physicians working in urban, comprehensive health service centers after implementing the HTP. Methods: Participants in this qualitative study consisted of physicians, healthcare providers, managers, and experts, working in urban health centers selected by a purposive sampling method. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews. After data saturation, they were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Results: After interviewing 35 people and several stages of review, coding, and using the experience of experts, the data were classified into six main categories, 11 subcategories, and 33 codes. Factors influencing the role of physicians were service delivery, electronic health records, resources, community culture, monitoring, supervision, and practical suggestion. The participants expressed the workload, referral system, integrated electronic health record, financial resources, human resources, equipment, and public participation as some aspects related to the role of physicians. Conclusions: Based on the current study, human and financial resources should be managed to retain the physicians in this plan. In addition, increasing the quality of services, improving electronic health records, and attention to public culture can be considered.
Du macro-outillage tranchant utilisé en percussion lancée dans les premières phases de l’Acheuléen européen ? Le cas de l’US4 de Bois-de-Riquet (Lézignan-la-Cèbe, Hérault, France)
Authors: Cyril VIALLET undefined , WEYER Louis DE , IVORRA Jérôme , RIOS-GARAIZAR Joseba , BARSKY Deborah , CUARTERO Felipe , BELLO-ALONSO Patricia , BOURGUIGNON Laurence
Published: February 2022

Level US4 of the Bois-de-Riquet archeological site represents a mudslide type deposit dating to the early Middle Pleistocene. It has yielded a rich lithic assemblage made from basalt, aplite and quartz, whose components represent all of the operating chains of production: cores, flakes, hammers, worked cobbles and blocks, as well as a biface. The latter, associated with the production of large flakes, testifies to the first phases of the European Acheulian. This article presents the analysis of part of the macro-tools made from basalt. The methodology is based on a techno-morpho-functional and traceological analysis of the artefacts, coupled with the creation of a specific experimental frame of reference. These approaches allow us to distinguish among five tool types. Three groups of tools present a transverse opposition between their cutting edges and gripping zones, while the other two groups present an oblique opposition. These functional structures refer to different gestures. However, the size and weight characteristics of the artefacts, as well as the angle of the cutting edges, allow us to propose a mode of action in direct launched percussion. This hypothesis was experimentally tested on wood and fresh bone to verify, on the one hand, the effectiveness of these tools for these activities and, on the other hand, to analyze the damage produced on the cutting edges and compare it to the archeological tools. The data obtained experimentally support the hypothesis that launched percussion was used in these five groups of sharp-edged macro-tools. We discuss the implications of these results for the characterization of the first phases of the European Acheulean. Indeed, beyond the presence of a biface, the production of massive flakes as tool supports may be perceived as a technological innovation in Europe, possibly characterizing an evolution of cognitive order. At the same time, the use of these sharp tools in launched percussion could indicate that hominins were exploiting their environments in new ways. Finally, this article brings new elements of reflection to the debate on the origins of the European Acheulean.
«¿Mayor, yo? ¿Dónde lo pone?» Concepción y atribuciones sociales a la vejez según la autopercepción de las personas mayores del siglo XXI: de la seneficiencia al elder pride
Authors: García Domingo Marta , Amezcua Teresa
Published: February 2022

Las personas mayores, como grupo poblacional, son objeto de estereotipos y prejuicios hacia la vejez que derivan en situaciones de discriminación y edadismo. El presente estudio cualitativo indaga en la concepción y las atribuciones sociales a la vejez en las sociedades posindustriales, centrándose en el caso de Alemania y España. Para ello, a través de las técnicas de la entrevista y el grupo focal, se recaba la perspectiva tanto de expertos en el tema como de las propias personas mayores. El análisis evidencia la imprecisión del concepto vejez y las connotaciones negativas asociadas al mismo, así como un rechazo a autoidentificarse como persona mayor. Se concluye la necesidad de una reconceptualización de la vejez que refleje su significado actual.
SECURITY ENHANCED ROI BASED REVERSIBLE WATERMARKING FOR MEDICAL IMAGES
Authors: AVINASHIAPPAN AMSAVENI , MAYILSAMY BHARATHI , HEMANTH DURAISAMY JUDE
Published: February 2022

The ever-increasing number of digital medical images and the need to exchange them between medical experts and hospitals for a better and more precise diagnosis demand that the privacy of patients be protected. As a result, medical images sent over the internet must be watermarked with the patient's information so that doctors can validate the medical image. In this research article, a novel watermarking scheme combining two techniques, Difference Expansion and Integer-to-Integer wavelet transformation is proposed. The patient data is inserted into ROI1 using difference expansion and the ROI1 coordinates are embedded in ROI2 using Integer-to-Integer wavelet transform. The ROI2 coordinates are then embedded into predefined secret region using difference expansion technique. Simulation experiments are carried out to compute PSNR, SSIM and TPM to assess the imperceptibility of water-marked medical images. By applying various attacks on watermarked images, the robustness and reversibility of the proposed watermarking strategy is examined by computing bit error rate and normalized cross correlation co-efficient, respectively.

Key words: Reversible watermarking, Medical image, Difference Expansion, Integer-to-Integer wavelet transform.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Peralta Martin-Palomino Arturo
Published: February 2022

The environment and the set of environmental factors that surround us can have a great influence on the perceived sense of well-being. However, there are few studies that jointly analyze the influence of a selection of factors for the conformation of environments that favor well-being, especially in young adults (under 40 years of age) in active employment. It is in this context that the present research arises, whose objective is to determine the influence that a set of eight selected factors has on the emotional well-being of a selection of people in their work environment.
For this purpose, a set of 15 experiments are carried out, using collections of images to assess the emotional interpretation of each individual under the influence of the conditions of their environment, processing and analyzing the data obtained by means of Soft Computing techniques.
The analysis carried out indicates that lighting and room temperature are the most influential factors in emotional well-being. On the second level, the availability of food/drink is relatively decisive. This knowledge can be used for the design of work environments capable of favouring emotional well-being and consequently work productivity.
INFLUENCE OF THE BRUSHING PROCESS ON THE ROUGHNESS OF INCLINED SURFACES OF PIECES MANUFACTURED IN X40CrMoV5
Authors: RUE MASCARELL JAUME , VELZAQUEZ CORRAL ERIC , MARQUES SALVADOR JORDI-ADALBERT , TRAVIESO RODRIGUEZ JOSE ANTONIO , JEREZ RAMON
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the burnishing process is to achieve a good surface finish, improve mechanical properties and increase the useful life of parts with different geometries. This paper analyzes the effect of this process on the surface topology of parts made of X40CrMoV5 steel tempered to 40-42 HRC, used for the manufacture of molds. The starting surfaces are prepared by applying a standard milling process for their subsequent ball-burnishing process. This is done with a new burnishing tool designed for this purpose. Subsequently, the surface roughness values are evaluated, depending on the feed and the force, to obtain the best parameters to apply the burnishing. These roughness values will be measured parallel and perpendicular to the burnishing direction. It starts from a previous experience to take the best values found to decide the force and feed values to use. Each condition is tested 3 times to validate the repeatability of the obtained results. Burnishing has been demonstrating to improve the surface properties of the material, and a technological recommendation resulting on the best parameters to apply this process on this type of surface.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN STERILE PRODUCTOS MANUFACTURING: IS PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY TRAINED?
Authors: DEL RIO ALVAREZ LUIS ALBERTO , SALAZAR SANCHEZ NURIA
Published: February 2022

Pharmaceutical industry, in addition to assuming the sanitary commitment, as has been demonstrated with the manufacturing of COVID-19 vaccines, must comply with the European Union Good Manufacturing Practices, for that reason it´s subject to a continuous updating demanded by the regulatory requirements. This commitment is even, if possible, greater for injectable drug’s manufacturing companies due to their intrinsic characteristics of safety for the patient, all this together with the maximum productivity objective.

A review about the main challenges that the pharmaceutical industry must face for the manufacture of injectable products is carried out, that comprised the incorporation of new biological drugs and advanced therapies into the therapeutic arsenal, the increase in terms of the requirements in regulatory and inspection tasks by health authorities and the leading role that Contract Manufacturing Organisations are playing. On the other hand, issues such as the analytical methods used to evaluate product sterility validity, the impact of possible changes in the different processes and elements, especially in the case of aseptic manufacturing, and the evolution, with the implementation of Sterility and Quality by Design, of sterile products manufacturing science are discussed. Finally, the implementation of disruptive factors such as continuous manufacturing and robotization, which will have, with a high probability, a greater role in the not-so-distant future, is proposed.

Key Words: Sterile Drugs, Inspection, Aseptic Manufacturing, Isolators, Good Manufacturing Practices, PAT, Pharmaceutical Industry
EUROPEAN R&D FUNDING. THE FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES AND THE NEXT GENERATION EU
Authors: SORLI ASIER
Published: February 2022

The new European Union's framework programme for research and innovation, Horizon Europe, will run for seven years from 2021 to 2027. This programme is an excellent opportunity for European SMEs and large companies to strengthen their industrial capacities and improve their competitiveness through the collaboration in international R&D projects. This article aims to provide an overview of this EU long-term financing instrument that started in the mid-80s, highlighting its relevance for the industrial sector as the main European R&D funding mechanism.
Tropane alkaloids in mint teas at the Serbian market
Authors: Vuković Gorica , Stojanović Tijana , Petrović Aleksandra , Konstantinović Bojan , Puvača Nikola , Marinković Dušan , Špirović Trifunović Bojana , Bursić Vojislava
Published: February 2022

The interest in tropane alkaloids as food contaminants has been increasing. The tropane alkaloids are plant toxins that mainly occur in Atropa, Datura and Hyoscyamus sp belonging to the Solanaceae family. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was applied for the analysis of atropine and scopolamine in the mint tea samples from the Serbian market. Tea, which has beneficial properties thanks to the phenolic compounds, can be accidentally contaminated by many weed seeds which contain the tropane alkaloids during the harvest. Only the tropane alkaloids present in the tea bags before the tea making were analysed. Atropine and scopolamine were detected in 30% of the analysed samples in the concentration above the limit of quantification.
Relationship between the test weight and some physical and chemical properties of the wheat kernel
Authors: Lakić-Karalić Nataša , Vasilišin Ladislav , Vučić Goran
Published: February 2022

For a long period of time, the test weight has been used as an indicator for cereal quality evaluation in a large number of countries, and it is still in use as a fast method for determination of a price range for raw material. Correlation between the test weight, flour yield, and other quality parameters varies depending on the variety and growing conditions. In order to evaluate technological quality of wheat, the aim of this study is to determine correlation between the test weight (TW) and some physical and chemical parameters of the wheat kernel [the 1000 kernel weight, vitreousness, moisture content, ash content on dry matter, fat content, protein content, starch content, protein sedimentation volume (the Zeleny test), gluten index, content of wet gluten]. Six samples of wheat were analysed in this study. Physical and chemical parameters of wheat kernels were tested, and then correlation between the mentioned parameters was analysed. Among the identified correlations, the correlations between the test weight (TW) and 1000 kernel weight (TKW) (p˂0.01), vitreousness (p˂0.01), moisture content (p˂0.01), fat content (p˂0.01), protein content (p˂0.05), protein sedimentation volume (the Zeleny test) (p˂0.01), and wet gluten content (p˂0.05) stand out as very important. It can be concluded that the test weight can be used in the evaluation of technological suitability and baking quality of wheat because it is related to most of the analysed physical and chemical properties.
Sosiodemografi dan tingkat kecemasan mahasiswa pada masa pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Intan Virliana Aulia , Putri Rizky Muharany , Nisa Hoirun
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is an epidemiological crisis.  It has impacted psychological conditions, creating concerns about the mental health of young people around the world – including anxiety issues. Though past research has revealed that the level of anxiety may depend on the person's sociodemographic background, not many have examined the topic within the pan-demic context. Moreover, sociodemographic context may differ – due to cultural relativism. This study aimed to determine the relationship of sociodemographic factors with anxiety levels in university students. This study used a cross-sectional study design. Participants were undergraduate students of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. The accidental sampling method was used to select 415 participants. Data collection was performed online using a google form. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of severe anxiety was 57.20% (n=239) in university students. The results of multivariate analysis showed that relatives/acquaintances affected by COVID-19 and geographic location were associated with anxiety levels (p<0.05). Participants who have relatives/acquaintances infected with COVID-19 have a 1.70 times higher risk of experiencing severe anxiety (OR=1.70; 95%CI=1.111-2.602). Participants who live in urban areas have a 1.79 times higher risk of experiencing severe anxiety (OR=1.79; 95%CI=1.142-2.818). Students were expected to manage anxiety during a pandemic. Recommendation to the university includes providing health promotions to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and psychological consultation services to maintain the mental health of students during the pandemic.
TCAD simulation analysis of vertical parasitic effect induced by pulsed γ- ray in NMOS from 180 nm to 40 nm technology nodes
Authors: Li Jun-Lin , Li Rui-Bin , Ding Li-Li , Chen Wei , Liu Yan ,   State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: February 2022

The parasitic effect inside metal oxide field effect transistor regarded as the basic structure of large scale digital circuits, has long been considered as an important factor affecting the disturbance, upset and latchup of integrated circuits in pulsed γ-ray radiation environment. To investigate the turn-on mechanism of vertical parasitic effect in NMOSFET induced by pulsed γ-ray radiation, the 40 nm, 90 nm and 180 nm NMOSFET device models are constructed by TCAD and the normal electrical characteristics are calibrated. The trend of vertical parasitic triode current gain, the turn-on conditions of vertical parasitic triode and their influence on working state of NMOSFET are obtained. The simulation results are shown below. 1) The disturbance of well potential inside NMOSFET induced by pulsed γ-ray radiation is the main reason for the turn-on of vertical parasitic triode. 2) When vertical parasitic triode is turn-on, the large secondary photocurrent will be generated inside NMOSFET which will affect the working state of the transistor. 3) The current gain of vertical parasitic triode in NMOSFET decreases with the technology node decreasing. The results provide a theoretical basis for studying the transient ionizing radiation effects of electronic devices.