bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term monitoring method for tunnel structure transformation using a 3D light detection and ranging equipped in a mobile robot
Authors: Jeong Siheon , Kim Min Gwan , Park Joon-Young , Oh Ki-Yong
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a long-term health monitoring method for tunnel structure transformation using a 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) equipped in a mobile robot. The proposed method comprised two phases: 3D point cloud maps (PCMs) generation and health indicators (HIs) extraction at the same location for the long-term structure transformation inspection. First, the 3D point cloud data (PCD) and six-degree-of-freedom acceleration and gyration of a mobile robot were measured during periodic inspection of tunnel structures using the 3D LiDAR and an inertial measurement unit. This information was combined to generate a 3D PCM by utilizing tightly coupled LiDAR inertial odometry. This procedure could be repeated to inspect tunnel structure transformation at patrol inspection in a long term. 3D PCMs measured during period inspection were then registered to extract a 3D PCD at the location of the first measurement. Hence, an iterative closest point method with edge features was executed to register periodic PCD measurements. Second, 3D PCD in predefined locations were extracted at every measurement. These PCD were used to extract features that are highly correlated to the inner wall and ground of the tunnel structure to obtain five HIs representing their health conditions. These HIs were then employed to evaluate the structural health of the tunnel. Field experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in buildings and tunnels. The proposed method outperformed other 3D PCM methods, especially in structures with few features such as tunnels and corridors. A systematic analysis of the experimental results also revealed that the proposed method ensures the accuracy and robustness of HIs extraction at the same location, confirming the feasibility of long-term inspection. The proposed inspection method for tunnel structures and embedded mobile robot system provides a cost-effective and autonomous solution for infrastructure health monitoring.
Shocks to the System: COVID-19's Perceived Interference With the Academic Performance and Plans of University Undergraduates
Authors: Rosario-Moore Alexios , Graham Kara E. , Mitric Svetlana , Avila Gabriela
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted and reshaped undergraduate students’ social, learning, and workplace environments. Using an ecological systems framework, we draw on survey data from a sequential, mixed-methods study of undergraduate students at an urban, Minority-Serving Institution ( n = 1,272) to examine the association between health, economic, and other pandemic-related shocks and students’ academic perceptions. First, we conducted exploratory factor analyses on two groups of measures: “basic need concerns” and “interference with academic performance and plans.” Second, we connected student perceptions of the pandemic's interference with their academic performance and plans to ecological changes using regression analysis. Our model found a significant amount of the variance (12.6%) could be attributed to economic and health-related shocks and academic disruptions, including changes to caretaker responsibilities. However, students’ perceptions of how well they were doing with online learning accounted for most of the modeled variance. Implications for undergraduate student retention are discussed.
Academic Achievement of First-Generation University Students in Spotlight: Role of Parental Involvement, Autonomy Support, and Academic Motivation
Authors: Zulfiqar Najia , Shafi Muhammad Taimoor , Ajmal Rimsha
Published: March 2023

The present study aimed to examine the inter-relationships among perceived parental involvement, autonomy support, academic motivation, and academic achievement of first-generation university students. Gender, family structure, and socioeconomic differences were also examined. Data were collected from 427 first-generation university students and a structural regression model was analyzed with four observed factors of parenting (mother and father involvement and autonomy support), and three observed factors of academic motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation). Perceived parenting behaviors significantly positively predicted academic motivation that, in turn, predicted academic achievement among university students. Extrinsic motivation had a more significant positive effect on academic achievement than intrinsic motivation and amotivation. Gender differences were nonsignificant, whereas family structure and socioeconomic status (SES) had significant differences in all variables except academic achievement. Interestingly, the perception of maternal autonomy support was homogenous across SES groups. The study offers practical information to teachers and parents on how to boost the academic achievement of first-generation university students.
A Model of Stakeholder Engagement with American Indians and Alaska Natives from the Native-CHART Study
Authors: Parker Tassy , Cooeyate Norman James , Tsosie Nathania , Kelley Allyson
Published: March 2023

American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) community stakeholder engagement has the power to transform health research. However, the engagement and dissemination process is challenging in AIAN communities due to the historical and current negative experiences of AIAN populations in health research (Dillard et al., 2018). Whereas there is a paucity of recommendations about how to engage stakeholders in health research, from agenda-setting to proposal development, study design, recruitment, data collection, analysis, results, and dissemination (Concannon et al., 2014), there is limited information about how these recommendations are operationalized within the context of AIAN health research and practice (Concannon et al., 2014; Forsythe et al., 2016). For the purposes of this article, stakeholders are individuals, organizations, or communities who have a direct interest in the process and outcomes of a project, research, or policy effort (Boaz et al., 2018). Stakeholder engagement is a systematic process involving stakeholders, which provides opportunities for consultation, input, reviews, reactions, support, and assistance with dissemination. Dissemination focuses on how, when, by whom, and under what circumstances evidence spreads throughout agencies, organizations, states, counties, communities, tribes, researchers, policy makers, and service organizations.
The Relative Importance of Temporal Leadership and Initiating Structure for Timely Project Completion
Authors: Siddiquei Ahmad N. , Fisher Cynthia D. , Hrivnak George A.
Published: March 2023

We assess the relative usefulness of temporal leadership and initiating structure in predicting timely team project completion. Drawing on the functional approach to team leadership as well as the concept of team performance episodes, we hypothesize that two facets of temporal leadership, temporal planning at project initiation and temporal reminders midway through project execution, will be better predictors of timely project completion than will traditional task-oriented leadership in the form of initiating structure delivered at the same two project stages. Results from 62 application development project teams surveyed across the life of a project showed that the two facets of temporal leadership together accounted for 91.7% of the predicted variance in timely project completion, with temporal planning being more important. Initiating structure accounted for the remaining small and nonsignificant amount of the predicted variance. We conclude that temporal leadership is a new construct that is a highly useful approach to leader behavior in the context of teams working on time-limited projects.
Linearly integrating speed and accuracy to measure individual differences in theory of mind: Evidence from autistic and neurotypical adults
Authors: Livingston Lucy Anne , Shah Punit , Happé Francesca
Published: March 2023

It has long been theorised that there is a direct link between individual differences in social cognition and behaviour. One of the most popular tests of this theory has involved examination of Theory of Mind (ToM) difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, evidence for associations between ToM and social behaviour is mixed, both when testing the ToM explanation of ASD and when investigating individual differences in ToM in the general population. We argue that this is due to methodological limitations of many ToM measures, such as a lack of variability in task performance, inappropriate non-ToM control tasks, and a failure to account for general mental ability. To overcome these issues, we designed a novel task, which probed individual differences in ToM fluency through mental state attribution in response to cartoons (Cartoons Theory of Mind [CarToM] task). This task, enabling the linear combination of speed and accuracy, was used to quantify ToM ability and its association with self-reported (a)typical social behaviour in adults with and without ASD. In a large sample ( N = 237), we found that having an ASD diagnosis and higher autistic traits predicted lower ToM ability, even after accounting for performance on a well-matched non-ToM condition and general mental ability. Overall, our findings provide fresh support for the existence of a link between individual differences in social cognition (specifically, ToM) and behaviour (specifically, autism). This has implications for social-cognitive theory and research, allowing large-scale, online assessment of individual differences in ToM in clinical groups and the general population.
Evaluating the effects of counterconditioning, novelty-facilitated, and standard extinction on the spontaneous recovery of threat expectancy and conditioned stimulus valence
Authors: Quintero María J , Morís Joaquín , López Francisco J
Published: March 2023

Extinction training has proved effective to diminish the expectancy of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). However, the negative valence of the conditioned stimulus (CS) may still stay intact. In fact, several studies have suggested that the CS negative valence may be a factor that promotes the return of fear. Our study focuses on the role of changes in the CS valence as a potential mechanism to reduce the spontaneous recovery of threat expectancies. To do that, we evaluated counterconditioning (CC), a technique aimed to reduce the CS negative valence by paring it with a positive stimulus and compared its efficacy to that of a novelty-facilitated extinction (NFE) and a standard extinction interventions. Using a 2-day protocol, participants first learned the relationship between a figure and an aversive sound, using a differential conditioning paradigm, and were then randomly assigned to one of three different groups. For the CC group, CS+ or cue A was paired with a positive US. The standard extinction group was exposed to cue A alone. For a third NFE group, cue A was followed by a neutral US. Finally, on the second day, spontaneous recovery was tested. Our findings did not provide evidence to suggest that CC could be more effective to prevent or reduce the return of threat expectancies or influence valence ratings when compared with NFE and standard extinction.
Pursuing neutrophils: systematic scoping review on blood-based biomarkers as predictors of treatment outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Magalhaes Diogo , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Danese Silvio , Magro Fernando
Published: March 2023

Background:

Long-term management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is challenging and the identification of reliable predictors for treatment outcomes is an unmet need. Neutrophil-related biomarkers have been mainly studied in the feces, but blood analyses have inherent advantages.

Objective:

To review the recent learnings on the ability of blood-based neutrophil-expressed biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes in IBD.

Design:

Systematic scoping review.

Data sources and methods:

We performed a literature search in Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until May 2022 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All human studies associating blood-based neutrophil-related compounds with the prediction of disease progression, complication onset, or treatment outcomes were included.

Results:

From 1032 retrieved entries, 34 studies were selected, 32 published in 2013 or later. In all, 17 biomarkers from granules, cytoplasm, plasmatic membrane, and plasma were explored. In total, 1850 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 1122 ulcerative colitis non-duplicated patients were included. The most mentioned biomarkers were nCD64, serum calprotectin (SC), oncostatin M (OSM), neutrophil elastase-generated calprotectin fragment (CPa9-HNE), and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1). Six biomarkers showed promising results: OSM, SC, eNAMPT, nCD64, TREM1, and CPa9-HNE. Variable positive signals were found for human neutrophil peptide 1-3, LL-37, S100A12, and neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin. No predictive ability was found for the remaining markers. Sharing a neutrophil compartment did not indicate similar behavior.

Conclusion:

Advances in the last decade began to unveil the untapped potential of the readily accessible blood neutrophil-expressed biomarkers, especially nCD64, TREM1, and CPa9-HNE. Current evidence suggests that future research should focus on well-defined subpopulations instead of a one-size-fits-all biomarker.

Registration:

https://osf.io/kes9a .
How Deteriorating Conditions in Myanmar Affect Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore: A Transnational Analysis of Migrant Labour Regulation
Authors: Thazin Khin , Campbell Stephen
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and 2021 military coup in Myanmar have greatly exacerbated the existing economic distress of ordinary people across the country. Yet, what has been the impact of the pandemic and the coup on Myanmar migrant workers abroad? To address this question, we investigate the situation of Myanmar migrant domestic workers (MDWs) in Singapore. We find that pandemic-related economic contraction in Myanmar and heightened insecurity following the country's 2021 military coup have increased outmigration and intensified pressures on Myanmar domestic workers in Singapore to increase remittances and set aside aspirations of shortly returning home. These origin-country conditions, mediated through a transnational system of labour brokerage, have increased Myanmar MDWs’ vulnerability to exploitation and abuse relative to MDWs of other nationalities. This article thus contributes to analysis of the transnational constitution of migrant labour regimes.
Composition and Bioactivity of a Placental Tissue Particulate (PTP-001) Indicate Greater Potential than Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Flannery Carl R. , Buddin Kelly E. , Begum Laila , Nasert Michael A. , Catalfamo Brooke , Semler Eric J. , Fortier Lisa A.
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study was conducted to compare therapeutically relevant properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a commonly used autologous intra-articular treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), with those of a novel placental tissue particulate, PTP-001, which is in development as a regulated biologic treatment for knee OA.

Design

Quantitative immunoassays were performed to determine the content of key growth/regulatory biofactors in PTP-001, and in leukocyte-rich (LR)-PRP or leukocyte-poor (LP)-PRP. An anti-inflammatory bioassay was used to evaluate the effects of each treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) production in a macrophage cell culture system. Gene expression experiments were conducted using a co-culture system of human synoviocytes (pre-stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β) and articular chondrocytes, with quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of the separate cellular compartments.

Results

The concentrations of several biofactors (e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-3, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) representative of diverse disease-relevant mechanisms of action were significantly higher for PTP-001 relative to LR-PRP or LP-PRP. PTP-001 and PRP preparations were able to reduce TNF-α production in macrophage cell cultures; however, greater variability was observed for PRP in comparison with PTP-001. In the chondrocyte/synoviocyte co-culture experiments, PTP-001 and LR-PRP (but not LP-PRP) significantly reduced chondrocyte MMP13 expression in cultures containing IL-1-pretreated synoviocytes. In addition, ADAMTS5 expression was reduced in the chondrocyte compartment following treatment with PTP-001 relative to PRP.

Conclusion

These findings support evidence of a potent, multifactorial mechanism of action for a consistently manufactured biologic (PTP-001), which may be of greater therapeutic benefit in comparison with more heterogeneous preparations of PRP which may be generated at the time of treatment.
Usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient values for distinguishing between squamous cell carcinoma and malignant salivary gland tumor of the head and neck
Authors: Panyaping Theeraphol , Tepkidakarn Nawanwat , Kiatthanabumrung Sivaporn , Wattanatranon Duangkamon , Tritanon Oranan
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for differentiating between SCC and malignant salivary gland tumors of the head and neck.

Materials and methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 29 patients with SCCs and 10 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors who underwent pretreatment MRI of the head and neck. The minimum and average ADC values of the tumors were measured, with normalized tumor to spinal cord ADC ratios generated. Comparisons of ADC values and normalized ADC ratios between the two tumor types were performed using the unpaired t-test.

Results

The minimum and average ADC values and normalized average ADC ratios of SCCs (753.17 ± 214.47 × 10−6 mm2/s, 848.79 ± 250.13 × 10−6 mm2/s, and 0.92 ± 0.25, respectively) were significantly lower than those of malignant salivary gland tumors (1084.90 ± 242.60 × 10−6 mm2/s, 1305.90 ± 270.99 × 10−6 mm2/s, and 1.58 ± 0.31, respectively; all p < 0.001). A cutoff value of 1.31 for the normalized average ADC ratio was used to distinguish between SCCs and malignant salivary gland tumors and achieved an area under the curve of 0.93, sensitivity of 96.6%, specificity of 90%, and accuracy of 94.6%.

Conclusion

ADC value measurement could help differentiate between SCCs and malignant salivary gland tumors.
Deinstitutionalization of the Congress ‘party system’ in Indian competitive politics
Authors: Rai Praveen
Published: March 2023

The conference in Poona that led to the foundation of Indian National Congress in 1885 aimed to serve as the germ of a native parliament to provide a reply to the assertion that India was still unfit for any form of representative institution. It spearheaded the Indian independence movement and post 1947 ushered in a ‘Congress system’ of one-party dominance that represented a historical consensus with few parallels in any political party system in the world. Dialectical contradiction has been a historic recurrence in the Congress as ‘personality cults’ of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi in the early years and a ‘high command culture’ later on decimated its hegemonic power in competitive party politics. The Congress declined due to a deficit of political vision, lack of forward-thinking ideas, engagement in competitive pseudo-secularism and diminishing electoral returns of dynastic (Nehru-Gandhi) politics. The institutionalization of BJP as a dominant party in 2014 coincided with the deinstitutionalization of the Congress party system. The grand old party needs to relegitimize itself by revamping its ideology, formulating a populist model of governance, creating son-of-the-soil leadership, revitalizing the party system, re-engaging with citizens, altering its politics to meritocracy and embracing new age electoral grammar.
Reoperation Rate of Internal Fixation for Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly – A Retrospective Follow-Up Study in 116 Patients With an Exploration of Risk Factors
Authors: Labmayr Viktor , Borenich Andrea , Pusch Thomas , Reinbacher Patrick , Hauer Georg , Sadoghi Patrick , Leithner Andreas , Berghold Andrea , Puchwein Paul
Published: March 2023

Aim

Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures is a widely used procedure that is comparatively less invasive and faster than hip replacement. While head preserving internal fixation of these fractures are still preferred where feasible, a faster recovery and lower reoperation rates make arthroplasty increasingly more appealing, in spite of being a more invasive option. Our aim was to determine the reoperation rate after internal fixation at our institution and to explore relevant risk factors in a geriatric population.

Methods

This monocentric follow-up study was conducted analyzing 116 patients aged 65 and older with femoral neck fractures who were surgically treated with either cancellous screws or dynamic hip screws between 2010 and 2017. We retrospectively collected longitudinal data from our patient database, supplemented by a telephone survey, with a follow-up period of at least 18 months.

Results

Twenty reoperations, due to either a failure of fixation, avascular necrosis, or posttraumatic osteoarthritis, were identified in our cohort, which constituted a reoperation rate of 17.2% (20/116). Fracture displacement was significantly associated with the reoperation risk (HR 8, CI 3-20; P < .001). The reoperation rate was 52.2% in displaced fractures vs 8.9% in undisplaced fractures. No link was found between the reoperation rate and gender, age, BMI, ASA score, type of implant, quality of internal fixation, type of living accommodation, and pre-fracture mobility.

Conclusion

Internal fixation has been found to be an effective option in elderly patients with undisplaced fractures regardless of their specific age, cognitive ability or physical condition. In displaced fractures the reoperation rate was found to be high, therefore a primary hip replacement should be recommended.
Crowding-Out or Spillover: Reassessment on the Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Innovation Efficiency
Authors: Zhao Tian
Published: March 2023

This paper established a three-stage DEA model to measure the innovation efficiency of Chinese listed companies over the period 2008 to 2019, and then tested the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on innovation efficiency with DID model. The results show that: (1) The innovation efficiency of enterprises along the Belt and Road are slightly lower than that of other enterprises, but the former improves faster. (2) The impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on innovation efficiency is mainly spillover and the impact tends to fluctuate upwards year by year. (3) The Belt and Road Initiative has effectively expanded the R&D capital stock, which is an important mediating factor in boosting the innovation efficiency.
Do lumbar intervertebral disc parameters in patients with chronic low back pain differ quantitatively from healthy individuals? A comparative study
Authors: Singh Roop , Kumar Pradeep , Wadhwani Jitendra , Yadav Rohtas Kumar , Kaur Svareen , Singh Harshil Deep
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Studies in the past were not able to find any definitive correlation between disc parameters and LBP. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the association of the lumbar disc parameters with LBP and to find the quantitative differences between the discs in LBP patients and healthy individuals. Methodology: Fifty patients with chronic LBP (group A) and 25 healthy individuals (group B) were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine. Disc parameters of orientation and size were estimated. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in disc angle at L1-L2 ( p = 0.01), L2-L3 ( p = 0.05), and L3-L4 ( p = 0.001), and skin angle at L2-L3 ( p = 0.03) and L4-L5 ( p = 0.05) level. Length and cross-sectional area (CSA) of anterior intervertebral height, posterior intervertebral height, intervertebral disc, anterior disc material, posterior disc material; and volume of anterior disc material and volume of posterior disc material were statistically significantly more at various disc levels in group A. Antero-posterior dural sac length and CSA of the sac were statistically significantly smaller at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. There was a significant association between average disc height and dural sac area at L1-L2 ( p-value = 0.0393) and L5-S1 ( p-value = 0.0022) and CSA of the disc and dural sac area at L5-S1 ( p-value = 0.049) in group A. Conclusions: There was a significant difference in the lumbar disc orientation and dimensions between LBP patients and healthy individuals. Larger disc parameters (height, volume, CSA, and length) and altered orientation may affect the biomechanics of the spine, thus predisposing to LBP.
Writing Loktak: Thinking Water–Human Relationship in a Contested Fluid Space
Authors: Asem Manimala Chanu
Published: March 2023

Scientifically, water is a chemical substance that emerged from a covalent bond of hydrogen and nitrogen. Physically, it is transparent, colourless, and odourless. It is a source of life, a biologically accepted fact although it does not provide any nutrients. Moving along these universally known characteristics of water, it has further myriad understanding in myriad contexts. It can be of cultural importance, a traditional practice ingredient, a religious component, a political dilemma, or an identity discourse. Water is not just fluid in terms of its nature but also fluid in how it is employed, deployed, accepted, and contested from different perspectives. It is conceived differently on how it is experienced, witnessed, and perceived. The article aims at understanding water through a littoral community in Loktak Lake. It seeks knowledge that is expressed through the littoral engagement with water and my whereabouts in the same environment.
A Case of Coccidioidal Meningitis With Biofilm Obstructing VP Shunt Due to Cutibacterium acnes
Authors: Sharma Rupam , Johnson Royce H. , David Gerard R. , Rahimifar Majid , Heidari Arash
Published: March 2023

Herein described is a case of biofilm obstructing ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to Cutibacteirum acnes infection in a patient with coccidioidal meningitis. Cutibacterium acnes infects and obstructs cerebral shunts by the production of biofilm; however, diagnosis is usually missed by routine aerobic cultures. Obtaining anaerobic cultures routinely in patients with foreign body implants leading to central nervous system infections could prevent a missed diagnosis of this pathogen. Penicillin G is the first-line treatment.
A Systematic Review of Shoulder Arthroplasty in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Carroll Patrick J , Sheth Ujash , Henry Patrick
Published: March 2023

Background

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological disorder that can cause both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Motor symptoms are associated with increasing the patient's falls risk. Shoulder arthroplasty surgery in this patient cohort is associated with more complications than non-Parkinsonian patients. We sought to identify any increase in complications associated with this patient cohort and any surgical considerations that ought to be taken in light of their disease process.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar. All studies which included any shoulder arthroplasty surgery for patients with Parkinson's disease were included.

Results

Complication rates were higher in patients with Parkinson's disease than in the normal arthroplasty cohort in all studies. There was significant heterogeneity between all 8 studies included in the systematic review. Complication rates ranged from 26% to 100%. Complications included subluxation, loosening, malunion, nonunion, scapular notching, stiffness, fracture, baseplate failure, dislocation, and infection. Reoperation rates ranged from 5% to 29%.

Conclusion

Compared to patients without Parkinson's disease undergoing shoulder arthroplasty, patients with Parkinson's disease achieved similar reductions in pain but inferior clinical function. The range of movement was less predictable, and complication rates were significantly higher in Parkinson's disease patients. This study will aid the surgeon and patient regarding surgical intervention, informed consent, and allow the surgeon to anticipate potential complications of shoulder arthroplasty in this patient cohort.
Concept and selection criteria for Korean Gukja (國字)
Authors: Kim Eunhee
Published: March 2023

Korean Gukja (國字), in general, have originality in the formative aspect of their characters and, along with Gugeumja (國音字) and Guguija (國義字), are classified as “Korean-originated Chinese characters.” This article analyzes two issues discovered during the process of comparative examination of the Gukja characters compiled in The Dictionary for Sino-Korean Words of Korean Origin (1992–1996) and A Study on the Chinese Characters of Korean Origin (2014). Firstly, this article analyzes issues raised regarding the concept and classification of Korean-originated Chinese characters. Secondly, it discusses the criteria imposed for the selection of Gukja characters based on those included in ancient Chinese literature and dictionaries. Finally, it analyzes examples with a focus on the originality of the configurational principles and motivation, which worked as a major factor for the selection of Gukja.
Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Patel Pushpraj , Shrivastava Rupesh , Patel Raghuveer , Warghane Pradeep
Published: March 2023

Some individuals develop a rare form of coronary heart disease called coronary artery ectasia (CAE). It is characterized by a dilation of more than one-third of the length of a coronary artery and a diameter that is 1.5 times that of the adjacent normal coronary artery. In the absence of significant coronary constriction, angina pectoris, positive stress tests, and acute coronary syndromes may all be indications of CAE. A distal embolization, vasospasm, or vascular rupture may cause thrombus formation in an ectatic artery. Antiplatelets, such as aspirin, are the cornerstone of treatment for people with CAE. Anticoagulants are used to prevent thrombus formation based on the presence of concurrent obstructive coronary artery disease and the patient’s risk of bleeding. As atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAE, all patients are advised to take statins for primary prevention. Due to their anti-inflammatory properties, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may be prescribed to individuals with hypertension. If hypertension and coronary vasospasm occur simultaneously, beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers may be beneficial. Because they may aggravate symptoms, nitrates are normally not suggested. Other CAE treatment methods include the prevention of thromboembolic complications and percutaneous or surgical revascularization. CAE prognosis is determined on the severity of the associated coronary artery.
Using Students’ Interests in General Music (Part 1): Getting to Know Learners and Conducting Research
Authors: Culp Mara E. , Davis Virginia Wayman
Published: March 2023

In U.S. music education, the elementary music program is the level most likely to include all students, before music becomes an elective choice in secondary schools. As students approach adolescence, however, their interest in general music may decline, particularly if they are not engaged in activities they find meaningful. Although past research suggests activities that upper elementary students may prefer, much U.S. research was completed over two decades ago. In this research-to-practice series, we demonstrate how teachers can structure activities for upper elementary (grades 3–5) students based on students’ preferences. In this first article, we briefly review previous scholarship related to elementary students’ music class interests as well as work that supports the idea of building relationships with students. Then, we present ideas to help teachers get to know learners’ preferences using different types of survey materials. Suggestions for understanding and conducting research are also provided for teachers interested in engaging in action research in their settings.
COVID-19 and its continuing burden after 12 months: a longitudinal observational prospective multicentre trial
Authors: Sahanic Sabina , Tymoszuk Piotr , Luger Anna K. , Hüfner Katharina , Boehm Anna , Pizzini Alex , Schwabl Christoph , Koppelstätter Sabine , Kurz Katharina , Asshoff Malte , Mosheimer-Feistritzer Birgit , Coen Maximilian , Pfeifer Bernhard , Rass Verena , Egger Alexander , Hörmann Gregor , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Helbok Raimund , Wöll Ewald , Weiss Günter , Widmann Gerlig , Tancevski Ivan , Sonnweber Thomas , Löffler-Ragg Judith
Published: March 2023

Background

Recovery trajectories from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) call for longitudinal investigation. We aimed to characterise the kinetics and status of clinical, cardiopulmonary and mental health recovery up to 1 year following COVID-19.

Methods

Clinical evaluation, lung function testing (LFT), chest computed tomography (CT) and transthoracic echocardiography were conducted at 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after disease onset. Submaximal exercise capacity, mental health status and quality of life were assessed at 12 months. Recovery kinetics and patterns were investigated by mixed-effect logistic modelling, correlation and clustering analyses. Risk of persistent symptoms and cardiopulmonary abnormalities at the 1-year follow-up were modelled by logistic regression.

Findings

Out of 145 CovILD study participants, 108 (74.5%) completed the 1-year follow-up (median age 56.5 years; 59.3% male; 24% intensive care unit patients). Comorbidities were present in 75% (n=81). Key outcome measures plateaued after 180 days. At 12 months, persistent symptoms were found in 65% of participants; 33% suffered from LFT impairment; 51% showed CT abnormalities; and 63% had low-grade diastolic dysfunction. Main risk factors for cardiopulmonary impairment included pro-inflammatory and immunological biomarkers at early visits. In addition, we deciphered three recovery clusters separating almost complete recovery from patients with post-acute inflammatory profile and an enrichment in cardiopulmonary residuals from a female-dominated post-COVID-19 syndrome with reduced mental health status.

Conclusion

1 year after COVID-19, the burden of persistent symptoms, impaired lung function, radiological abnormalities remains high in our study population. Yet, three recovery trajectories are emerging, ranging from almost complete recovery to post-COVID-19 syndrome with impaired mental health.
Biomimetic nanoparticles in ischemic stroke therapy
Authors: Liu Zihao , Xia Qian , Ma Dengzhen , Wang Zhihai , Li Longji , Han Min , Yin Xianyong , Ji Xiaoshuai , Wang Shan , Xin Tao
Published: March 2023

Ischemic stroke is one of the most severe neurological disorders with limited therapeutic strategies. The utilization of nanoparticle drug delivery systems is a burgeoning field and has been widely investigated. Among these, biomimetic drug delivery systems composed of biogenic membrane components and synthetic nanoparticles have been extensively highlighted in recent years. Biomimetic membrane camouflage presents an effective strategy to prolong circulation, reduce immunogenicity and enhance targeting. For one thing, biomimetic nanoparticles reserve the physical and chemical properties of intrinsic nanoparticle. For another, the biological functions of original source cells are completely inherited. Compared to conventional surface modification methods, this approach is more convenient and biocompatible. In this review, membrane-based nanoparticles derived from different donor cells were exemplified. The prospect of future biomimetic nanoparticles in ischemic stroke therapy was discussed.

Graphic abstract
Berlin Pankow: a 15-min city for everyone? A case study combining accessibility, traffic noise, air pollution, and socio-structural data
Authors: Glock Jan-Peter , Gerlach Julia
Published: March 2023

Cars are dominating urban traffic in cities around the world, even though daily trips in many cities are often realized with active modes of transportation or public transport. Urban transport planning processes need to adapt to this reality and the necessity of climate change mitigation. Against this background, the research project “Mobility Reporting”, a joint undertaking of the district Pankow in Berlin and researchers from TU Berlin and TU Dresden, established a new, goal-driven, and participative planning process. The process identified local mobility as one of the central planning goals. The 15-min city (FMC) was thus adduced as a benchmark to analyze the district’s current mobility system and development potential. We conducted extensive accessibility analyses to examine the status quo concerning the FMC. We calculated travel times to essential destinations in daily life by foot, public transport, and car. This analysis was accompanied by a mixed online and paper–pencil survey conducted to evaluate the perceived accessibility of people in Pankow. The survey results shed light on the question of which walking time thresholds constitute a “very good” or “good” accessibility. Further analyses included environmental and social variables, allowing us to check whether areas with different accessibility levels also differ regarding the socio-economic characteristics of their inhabitants. For example, do socially advantaged neighborhoods have better local accessibility? Is there a trade-off between exposure to environmental pollution and good accessibility? With this contribution, we shed light on what an FMC is and ought to be. Results from the survey support the normative and political vision of the FMC. Pankow generally offers the merits of a walkable city, showing the expected travel time differences between the dense inner city and the outskirts. Socially disadvantaged neighborhoods are not consistently less accessible. However, there seems to be a trade-off between good accessibility (especially PT accessibility) and correlated externalities of transport, namely air pollution and noise.
Vulnerability and robustness of interdependent transport networks in north-western Italy
Authors: Ferrari Claudio , Santagata Marta
Published: March 2023

Infrastructure networks have become increasingly complex, whose progressively higher levels of interdependence make them even more vulnerable. This empirical analysis based on the Morandi bridge collapse examines the robustness and vulnerability of the motorway and railway networks in north-western Italy. By following a network topology-based approach, motorways and railways are studied as one single interconnected multi-layer transport infrastructure. Based on the concepts of geographic and functional interdependence the study provides insight into which nodes (and links) should be restored as quickly as possible when an emergency and destructive event renders them inaccessible. Moreover, it highlights the greater fragility of the intermodal network which opens up the debate on regulation and coordination of restoring measures carried out by the relevant authorities.
Overexpression of the elongation factor MtEF1A1 promotes salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhang Lixia , Liu Yajiao , Sod Bilig , Li Mingna , Yang Tianhui , Gao Ting , Yang Qingchuan , Long Ruicai
Published: March 2023

Background

Elongation factor 1 A (EF1A), an essential regulator for protein synthesis, has been reported to participate in abiotic stress responses and environmental adaption in plants. However, the role of EF1A in abiotic stress response was barely studied in Medicago truncatula. Here, we identified elongation factor (EF) genes of M. truncatula and studied the salt stress response function of MtEF1A1 (MTR_6g021805).

Results

A total of 34 EF genes were identified in the M. truncatula genome. Protein domains and motifs of EFs were highly conserved in plants. MtEF1A1 has the highest expression levels in root nodules and roots, followed by the leaves and stems. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MtEF1A1 was more resistant to salt stress treatment, with higher germination rate, longer roots, and more lateral roots than wild type plant. In addition, lower levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also detected in transgenic Arabidopsis. Similarly, MtEF1A1 overexpressing M. truncatula was more resistant to salt stress and had lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves. Furthermore, the expression levels of abiotic stress-responsive genes (MtRD22A and MtCOR15A) and calcium-binding genes (MtCaM and MtCBL4) were upregulated in MtEF1A1 overexpressing lines of M. truncatula.

Conclusion

These results suggested that MtEF1A1 play a positive role in salt stress regulation. MtEF1A1 may realize its function by binding to calmodulin (CaM) or by participating in Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway. This study revealed that MtEF1A1 is an important regulator for salt stress response in M. truncatula, and provided potential strategy for salt-tolerant plant breeding.
Esophageal motility disorders in symptomatic patients and its relation to age
Authors: Abdelghani Ahmed , Ibrahim Alhosaeyn , El-Sayed El-Sayed , El Sherbiny Mohammad , Al-Badry Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Background

Although swallowing disorders can impact individuals of any age, some are unique to the elderly, and others are frequent. Some disorders, such as achalasia, are diagnosed by esophageal manometry studies, which assess lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and relaxation, peristalsis in the esophageal body, and contraction wave characteristics. This research aimed to evaluate esophageal motility dysfunction in symptomatic patients and its relation to age.

Methods

Conventional esophageal manometry was performed on 385 symptomatic patients who were divided into two groups; Group A (age < 65 years old) and Group B (age ≥ 65 years). The geriatric assessment for Group B included cognitive, functional, and clinical frailty scales (CFS). Additionally, a nutritional assessment was done for all patients.

Results

About one-third of the patients (33%) had achalasia, in which manometric results were significantly higher in Group B (43.4%) than in Group A (28.7%) (P = 0.016).

The resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, as determined by manometry examination, was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B. In contrast, complete LES relaxation percentage and normal esophageal body peristalsis were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. Patients who exhibited evidence of achalasia in the manometric study had a significantly increased risk of established malnutrition and functional impairment.

Conclusions

Achalasia is a prevalent cause of dysphagia in elderly patients, placing them at risk of malnutrition and functional impairment. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is vital when providing care for this population.
Prognostic significance of the CRAFITY score in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Ming , Pan Yilin , Wang Wentao
Published: March 2023

Background

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the performance of the CRAFITY (CRP and AFP in immunotherapy) score as a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with immunotherapy.

Methods

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for published studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes were pooled using fixed- and random-effects models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were used to measure the association of individual CRAFITY scores with the disease control rate (DCR).

Results

Four eligible studies comprising 786 patients were included. The results indicate that a lower CRAFITY score is a significant predictor of better OS (HR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0.50) and PFS (HR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.55) outcomes. In addition, the DCR was significantly higher in patients with lower CRAFITY scores (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.00–4.99). A significant positive association between low CRAFITY scores and favorable prognoses was also observed in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B/C/D patients.

Conclusion

In this study, a low CRAFITY score was associated with better overall outcomes in HCC patients treated with immunotherapy. However, this finding requires further investigation.
Fatty infiltrate and neck muscle volume in individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorders compared to healthy controls – a cross sectional case–control study
Authors: Lund Nils , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof , Elliott James M , Peterson Gunnel , Borga Magnus , Zsigmond Peter , Karlsson Anette , Peolsson Anneli
Published: March 2023

Background

The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) are not fully understood. More knowledge of morphology is needed to better understand the disorder, improve diagnostics and treatments. The aim was to investigate dorsal neck muscle volume (MV) and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) in relation to self-reported neck disability among 30 participants with chronic WAD grade II-III compared to 30 matched healthy controls.

Methods

MV and MFI at spinal segments C4 through C7 in both sexes with mild- to moderate chronic WAD (n = 20), severe chronic WAD (n = 10), and age- and sex matched healthy controls (n = 30) was compared. Muscles: trapezius, splenius, semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis were segmented by a blinded assessor and analyzed.

Results

Higher MFI was found in right trapezius (p = 0.007, Cohen’s d = 0.9) among participants with severe chronic WAD compared to healthy controls. No other significant difference was found for MFI (p = 0.22–0.95) or MV (p = 0.20–0.76).

Conclusions

There are quantifiable changes in muscle composition of right trapezius on the side of dominant pain and/or symptoms, among participants with severe chronic WAD. No other statistically significant differences were shown for MFI or MV. These findings add knowledge of the association between MFI, muscle size and self-reported neck disability in chronic WAD.

Trial registration

NA. This is a cross-sectional case–control embedded in a cohort study.