bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A milestone in Canadian legal history
Authors: Miller Bradley , Bohaker Heidi , Chambers Lori , Morin Michel
Published: September 2023

This review essay critically examines the first volume, covering the period from pre-contact until 1866, of a three-volume history of law in Canada. The essay assesses, in particular, how the book deals with Indigenous law and Indigenous-settler legal relations as well as the histories of private law and criminal justice in the French and British colonies that now constitute Canada. The book is an extraordinary achievement. It surveys a vast number of legal issues across the three foundational legal traditions in Canada (Indigenous, French, and English), draws together a huge array of scholarly works and primary sources, and presents an impressive number of new arguments and interpretations. The review essay also examines how the book highlights issues where more research is needed because crucial questions remain unanswered as well as areas where the book could be revised for a future second edition. Overall, the essay concludes that this is a must-read work for anyone interested in Canadian legal history and the histories of Indigenous-settler relations and colonization. This book is a milestone in the discipline of Canadian legal history and will be a standard work for generations of scholars.
Factors Determining Holiday Intentions of Serbian Travelers during COVID-19
Authors: Strugar Jelača Maja , Berber Nemanja , Gašić Dimitrije , Aleksić Marko , Bjekić Radmila , Marić Slobodan
Published: September 2023

This research aims to examine tourist behavior changes that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. We witnessed that there were more frequent negative decisions about tourist trips as well as changes in the desired tourism types and products due to pandemic effects. Some of the factors which may influence the decision-making process of tourists are the psychological impact of Covid-19, risk perception and finally the economic impact of Covid-19. Empirical research was conducted in the first quarter of 2022 on a sample of 188 residents of the Republic of Serbia using Smart-PLS software. Findings indicate that tourist Risk perception measured through Travel risk, Destination risk, and Hospitality risk have a positive statistically significant influence on tourist Holiday intention during a period of Covid-19 as making a negative decision about travel. Furthermore, the Psychological and Economic impact of Covid-19 did not have a statistically significant influence on tourist Holiday intention. We outline potential improvements for tourism management to face up to this situation like adding information on epidemic situations and prevention measures at the tourist destination to increase the knowledge of potential tourists and reduce risk perceptions.
Eu não sou velha, sou uma idosa jovem
Authors: Moreira Helio Luiz Fonseca , Da Silva Pedroso Janari
Published: September 2023

A pesquisa analisa a representação social da velhice construídas por mulheres idosas moradoras de um abrigo, localizado no município de Belém/PA. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que elas construíram uma conceituação espontânea da velhice para posteriormente rejeitá-la, com base na articulação entre os significantes velhice, juventude, saúde e autonomia física. Esses significantes ocupam posição central no campo de consciência das representações, constituindo-se como fonte da cognição compartilhada, inscrita em uma memória ordinária na qual há um referencial familiar sobre o envelhecimento e a juventude, que, ao ser compartilhado, produz a homogeneização de imagens e significados sobre a pessoa velha. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de múltiplas fontes de evidências, entre as quais a observação etnográfica, diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas.
O cuidado institucional para longevos/as assegura-lhes ou retira-lhes a autonomia?
Authors: Monteiro Evaldo Cavalcante , Nogueira Ingrid Rochelle Rêgo
Published: September 2023

O trabalho busca deflagar um debate acerca da autonomia a partir de uma visão multifatorial que constitui contexto desta modalidade de atendimento à pessoa idosa. Identificamos os seguintes fatores intervenientes: mudança do perfil demográfico e epidemiológico que incrementam a demanda; o contexto político e as políticas públicas não respondendo a essa necessidade; o desvalor social de segmento expresso no idadismo, que lastreia a omissão e o mau serviço, com a supressão ou diminuição da autonomia.
PESSOAS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA E O ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NO BRASIL
Authors: Borges Gustavo Silveira , Filó Mauricio da Cunha Savino
Published: September 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo é pesquisar a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais das pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil. O problema de pesquisa encontra-se na seguinte pergunta: o acesso à justiça pode concretizar direitos humanos e fundamentais para as pessoas em situação de rua? O desenvolvimento do trabalho é realizado em quatro seções, por meio de um método de abordagem dedutivo, um método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica documental, por meio de revisão da literatura especializada. Conclui-se, em linhas gerais, que o acesso à justiça pode ser instrumento de concretização de outros direitos humanos e fundamentais pessoas em situação de rua, por meio da atuação do Poder Judiciário e de políticas públicas.
Learning Speaking Problems in Online Learning During Covid-19 Outbreak for ESP Learners
Authors: Romadhon Romadhon
Published: September 2023

Because of the pandemic, Indonesian government implemented new policies in the education system. Previously, education and training took place in the luring situation on a regular basis, particularly in higher education institutions, and now it is entirely daring. The current study aims to examine students' issues in speaking for ESP contexts during the COVID-19 circumstance when they were learning the English language by the online situation. The descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. The information was gathered using questionnaire in the help of Google form media and also interviews with 40 students from the fourth semester of the Management Informatics Diploma Major at Piksi Input Serang Polytechnic in Banten. Based on this study, the research findings highlighted a variety of issues for students. Six issues emerged during distance learning in the Speaking course. The first issue that arose was students' learning equipment and supporting facilities. The second issue was dealing with students' accessibility restrictions to Online Video Conference.  The third issue was students' concerns on the lecturer's materials during an online lesson. The fourth issue was the students' approach to completing the lecturer's task or assignment. The use of online streaming videos as a media of learning resources also had a role in the fifth and final issue that emerged during distance learning amid COVID-19 pandemic situations is students' limited cell signal and internet quota. The findings can be used to further enhance and improve online teaching and learning techniques. Further research into how students deal with obstacles is encouraged.
Teaching Listening Skill by Using Video (Audio-Visual) to the Eleventh Grade Students at SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau
Authors: Khoiriyah Aminah , Ramasari Maria , Syaprizal Syaprizal
Published: September 2023

This objective of the research was to prove whether there is significantly effective or not to use video in teaching listening for the eleventh grade students at SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau. In this research, the researcher used pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test. In collecting data, the researcher used the written test that was given twice to the students, pre-test and post-test. The researcher analyzed the data through individual score, normality testing, and matched t-test formula. The results showed that were 6 students passed the pre-test and 10 students failed in pre-test. While in the post-test, the students’ score increased, there were 14 students mastered the post-test and 2 students failed the post-test. In pre-test mean score was 66.25 and mean score in post-test was 85.31. The result of matched t-test, tobtained was 7.94 and ttable was 1.7531. it meant that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. So it was significantly effective to teach listening skill by using video media to the eleventh grade students at SMA Al-Ikhlas Lubuklinggau.

Keywords: Listening Skill, Teaching, Video Media
Labile organic matter and fertility of chernozems
Authors: Balaev Anatolii , Pikovska Olena , Karabach Kateryna , Shemetun Kateryna
Published: September 2023

Soil organic matter can be divided into stable and labile, with the latter directly supporting plant growth and development during the growing season. To restore soil fertility and ensure high productivity of agrocenoses, a certain ratio between the labile and stable parts of humus must be maintained. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of labile organic matter under different tillage and fertilisation options and to establish the optimal ratio between their content and the content of total carbon, based on which to develop measures to restore and improve the fertility of chernozem soils. In stationary experiments, the study investigated the impact of the intensity of chernozem use, its cultivation and fertilisation systems on the humus state of the amount of labile organic matter and its ratio to humus carbon. Field research, laboratory method of soil sample analysis, systematisation, analysis, and generalisation were used in the study. The soil samples were analysed for humus content according to DSTU 4289:2004 and labile organic matter content according to DSTU 4732:2007. When chernozems are ploughed up, labile organic matter is mineralised the most and their share in humus decreases, while when arable land is converted to fallow land, it is restored the fastest. Minimising tillage systems and applying organic and mineral fertilisers increases the amount of labile organic matter in the humus of chernozems. The use of no-till for sixteen years resulted in a 0.13% increase in humus content, and a 0.53% increase over forty-two years compared to ploughing. The application of organo-mineral fertiliser increased the ratio of labile organic matter carbon content to total carbon content compared to the unfertilised variants. A strong correlation was found between the content of labile organic matter in chernozems and the yield of winter wheat and maize. The practical significance of the research results is to minimise the fertiliser rate and the C:N ratio to ensure gross crop yields and restore soil fertility
Persepsi Generasi-Z Dalam Penggunaan Fintech Payment
Authors: Sari Wida Arindya , Fiorintari Fiorintari , Ardhi Qisthi
Published: September 2023

This research is motivated by the rapidly increasing development of technology which certainly makes changes in the application of technology in the financial industry and forms the era of digitalization. The government supports the formation of a cashless society in Indonesia. Financial technology (Fintech) is recognized as one of the most important innovations in the financial industry and is growing rapidly, driven in part by economics, regulation and information technology. This study uses an explanatory survey method with a quantitative approach with the acceptance theory used, namely the modification and development of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory which focuses on three factors, namely perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risks. There were 392 Generation Z in the Pontianak State Polytechnic Accounting Department who participated in this study. The analysis was carried out using the SmartPLS application. This study found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk have a positive relationship and influence the intention to use fintech payments in Generation Z.

Keywords: Perception, Fintech, Payments, Generation Z, TAM
The Roles of Transparency and Accountability on The Quality of Public Services at the Social Service Office in Pontianak City
Authors: Elvina Dhea Aurellia , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Wana Desty , Tarmizi Tashadi
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of transparency and accountability on the quality of public services in the Pontianak City Social Service Office. The population in this study is 695 people who issued complaints at the Social Service Office. Eighty-seven people were involved as samples using simple random sampling techniques. The number of samples was taken using Slovin's formula. A set of questionnaires was distributed as a data collection technique. The data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis. The t-test results show that the variables of transparency and accountability significantly affected the quality of public services. Meanwhile, the results of the F-test show that transparency and accountability have a significant simultaneous influence on the quality of public services. The coefficient of determination value shows a result of 0.486 which means that this research model can explain the public service quality variable of 48.6%, and other variables can explain the remaining 51.4%.
Environmental Performance dan Pengungkapan CSR terhadap Finacial Performance Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI
Authors: Damayanti Fera , Ardhi Qisthi , Kurniawan Rudy , Fabiola Rivanka Wana
Published: September 2023

Companies that have high profits are companies that have good financial performance. In order to get maximum profit, many companies still ignore the environmental and social impacts of the process of their activities. This research was conducted to determine and analyze the effect of environmental performance and CSR disclosure on the performance of financial manufacturing companies listed on the IDX. This study uses a quantitative approach and the type of data used is secondary data. The population used in this study included manufacturing companies listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2020, then selected using a purposive sampling technique so that a total sample of 27 companies that met the criteria was obtained. The data in this study were analyzed using multiple linear regression and using the SPSS 25 program. From the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it shows that environmental performance has a negative effect and does not have a significant effect on financial performance. Disclosure of CSR has a negative and insignificant effect on financial performance. Environmental performance and CSR disclosure have no simultaneous effect on financial performance.
Determinan Tingkat Pemahaman Mahasiswa Akuntansi terhadap International Financial Reporting Standard
Authors: Soraya Soraya , Suherma Linda
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, learning behavior, and learning interest affect the level of understanding of accounting students about IFRS. This research is an empirical study on Accounting Department Students at the Pontianak State Polytechnic. The population of this research is the fourth semester students of the Diploma III study program at the Polytechnic Accounting Department. The variables observed/measured in this study were independent variables namely Emotional Intelligence (X1), Spiritual Intelligence (X2), Learning Behavior (X3), and Learning Interest (X4). While the devenden variable is the level of understanding of IFRS (Y). The research variables will be given a Likert scale of 1-5 with an assessment of the perception of statements from strongly disagree (scale 1) to strongly agree (scale 5). The data analysis technique in this study was quantitative analysis using data quality tests, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing and multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS program. The results of this study indicate that emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, learning behavior, and learning interest do not affect the level of students' understanding of IFRS. This is evidenced by the significance value of the t test (partial test) of the four independent variables which are above 0.05.
Evaluation of Quality Level in Health Sector: Which is the Relation to Demographic and Work Factors in Health Professionals?
Authors: Theofilou Paraskevi
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present study is to investigate the quality level in health sector as well as the relation to demographic and work factors in health professionals. The research involved 99 people (11 men and 88 women) with an average age of 44.00±7.55 years of life and with a seniority of 19.29±9.01 years. The SERVQUAL scale was used. The results showed no statistically significant associations of satisfaction and efficiency among health professionals with demographic and work factors (p>0.05). More studies must be conducted in the context of investigation of the above variables.
Ayurvedic Perspective of Yoga for Physical and Emotional Well-Being
Authors: Waghe Subhash
Published: September 2023

Ayurveda is ancient Indian medical science. Apart from physical disorders, many psychological disorders are mentioned in Ayurveda. As per Ayurveda, incompatible contact of sensory organs with their senses and intellectual transgression (pragyaparadha) are the causes for psychological disorders. Similarly, bad mental qualities like jealousy, fear, anger, greed, conceit are also responsible for the development of mental disorders. As per Ayurveda, thinking, reasoning, conceptualizing, perceiving are the functions of the mind. As per Ayurveda, Yoga is a powerful tool to overcome the psychological pain. By virtue of Yoga, the mind is unified with the soul and detached from the materialistic sensory pains and pleasures. Atmagyan (knowing the self) has been mentioned as the part of treating the mental disorders. There are many psychosomatic disorders like Bhayaj and Shokaj Jwara and Atisara (anxiety and depression related fever and diarrhea), Manas Arochaka (anorexia nervosa), Dwishta Chhardi (psychological vomiting) etc which can be treated with meditation and mood elevating measures and sadvritta palana (noble code of conduct). It is concluded that role of Yoga in treating the psychological disorders is very well documented in Ayurveda.
To Assess the Effect of Hospitalization on Adult Patients’ Mental Health
Authors: Tabassum Khan Nida
Published: September 2023

Based on the analysis and findings of this research, it can be concluded that hospitalization can have a significant impact on adult patients’ mental health. The results indicate that hospitalization was associated with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among adult patients. This suggests that hospitalization can be a stressful and emotionally challenging experience for many patients. Additionally, the study found that the length of hospitalization was a significant factor in predicting the severity of mental health symptoms. Patients who had longer hospital stays tended to report higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress during their stay period and even after discharge. These findings highlight the importance of providing psychological support and counseling services to patients during and after hospitalization. Therefore, the healthcare system should prioritize mental health care for hospitalized patients to help them cope with emotional and psychological stress of hospitalization. Future research in this area could explore the effectiveness of different interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction or cognitive-behavioral therapy in mitigating the negative mental health effects of hospitalization. Overall, the results of this study add to the growing body of research on the importance of mental health care in the hospital setting.
The use of augmented reality technology in the training of specialists in the operation and repair of multi-purpose armored military vehicles
Authors: Sklyarov Mikola , Shapovalov Oleksandr , Chernenko Pavlo , Semenchenko Serhii , Kashkanov Andriy , Kashkanov Vitaliy
Published: September 2023

One of the promising trends in modern training is the maximum immersion of students in educational material in order to ensure the immersiveness of education. To increase the efficiency of the educational process, new information technologies are being actively introduced. Such technology is augmented reality (AR). Augmented reality allows you to implement this approach using smartphones, tablets and computers. Currently, two approaches are used: marker and marker-free technology. The use of augmented reality is possible both online and offline. Materials for the implementation of this technology in the educational process are usually prepared by IT companies using languages and programming tools of their own development, which somewhat reduces the availability of technology for ordinary users (both teachers and students). The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons that limit the spread of augmented reality technology in the educational process and to offer own solution to this issue. On the example of using the Aurasma platform, an option of introducing augmented reality technology into process of training of operators of multi-purpose armored military vehicles is proposed. The proposed option of using public software and devices for the development and application of the information system allows students to study the device, the principle of its operation, features of diagnostics and maintenance of systems, units and components of the military vehicle. The proposed technology of augmented reality allows to increase the level of remote learning of information material by 8.2%, as well as to ensure the formation of highly qualified bachelors, masters or doctors of philosophy upon implementation of remote learning technologies in higher education. With the development of information transmission technology 5G and above, the need for such information systems will grow. The decrease in the cost of smartphones, tablets and other devices, such as augmented reality glasses, will also give an additional impetus to the development of this technology.
Trend in software-defined vehicles
Authors: Smirnov Oleh , Borysenko Anna
Published: September 2023

Software-defined vehicles are the next evolution of road transport. They are the basis of many other advances, including unmanned vehicles and cars connected to a single intelligent transport network and cloud technology. The article analyzes the development trend and prospects for the creation of software-defined vehicles, which at a fundamentally new level will provide improved security and protection functions, an increased level of autopilot autonomy, the ability to accept daily updates of both functional and safety-related functions. They will receive a software platform for connected services, including infotainment. Developments in the field of software-defined vehicles are associated with fundamental changes in the electrical and electronic architecture of the car, which creates on new principles such functions as theft prevention, emergency alerts, navigation functions, software updates, online tuning of electronic and electrical systems, and vehicle complexes during operation. The development of software, the complication of electronic control systems and computer equipment of a modern car brings it closer to a software-defined vehicle that adequately interacts with the environment using sensors, actuators, information processing and communication systems. As a result of the study, a new term "Software-Defined Vehicle" (SDV); the relevance of the study is proved and the need to create software-defined vehicles is substantiated; considered the prospect of development of cars and the evolution of software-defined vehicles; the directions of creation of software-defined vehicles are determined, the analysis of the concept of Amazon Web Services (AWS) for the creation of software-defined vehicles is carried out. In general, a software-defined vehicle creates great opportunities for both consumers and vehicle manufacturers, opens up new functionality for vehicles and transportation systems, many of which have not yet been conceived.
Analysis of the monitoring system and dispatching regulation of ground transport
Authors: Kliuiev Sergii , Revun Mykyta , Tsymbal Olga
Published: September 2023

The article examines the functions of dispatch control, problems of dispatch control and methods of solving these problems. Attention is paid to the GPS-monitoring system, its advantages and problems of use. It is noted that the main goal of the dispatching regulation of cargo transportation is the implementation of the cargo transportation plan and control over the organization of the transportation process. The main tasks of the dispatching group are: determination of the number of vehicles for each order, development of rational traffic routes; calculation of several indicators for issuing tasks to the driver. In the conditions of the rapid development of the transport industry, the need to use modern means and management systems is increasingly emerging. This approach makes it possible to increase the efficiency of systems. Organizational planning and engineering measures aimed at improving the organization of traffic raise the level of use of automated means of traffic control and regulation. In addition, due to the significant increase in the level of motorization, the street-road network does not meet regulatory requirements for capacity, which complicates the conditions and methods of movement. Therefore, improving the performance indicators of highways and streets and increasing the efficiency of technical means of management, taking into account European requirements, will help to improve the state of road transportation in general.

Tracking cargo during transportation is a difficult task for a transport company. At the same time, the ability to know exactly where the cargo is at any moment, the speed of its transportation and other parameters characterizing the delivery process is the most important component of the quality of customer service. Thanks to the development of telematics, and especially in the field of communication with moving objects, the conditions for the use of automated means of cargo tracking are becoming more and more favorable for transport organizers. In modern practice, cargo tracking is carried out in order to establish their exact location at any moment in time and control their condition during transportation. As a rule, determining the location of the cargo is tied to the vehicle on which the cargo is transported. As soon as the cargo is unloaded from the vehicle, its position is fixed at the unloading place.
Ratings of cars by aerodynamic properties and modern approaches of 3D modeling of external body shapes
Authors: Kuzhel Volodymyr , Buda Antonina , Pavlenko Viacheslav , Korniev Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

The work is devoted to the development of passenger car aerodynamics, which began at the beginning of the 20th century. Radical changes to the shape of the body are not enough, the main attention is focused on the surface elements, their optimization is being carried out while preserving the overall shape determined by the design concept. Much attention has always been paid to the improvement of car aerodynamics, especially to the study of frontal drag - the most important factor affecting the traction and operational qualities of a car. During this time, it was possible to significantly reduce the coefficient of aerodynamic resistance Sh. When developing the external shape of the body, the designers strive to give it such contours that the air flows around it as smoothly as possible, without swirls and disruptions of the flow, i.e., that the surface is visually attractive with the correct shapes and with the most streamlined silhouette.

The relevance of the problem is reduced to the improvement of the external forms of the car, therefore, during development, five components of the overall aerodynamic resistance of the car are taken into account: the resistance of the form; inductive; superficial; interference resistance and resistance of internal flows. The share of each of these components varies depending on the type of car, but, usually, shape resistance accounts for 60...70% of the total aerodynamic resistance, inductive - 7...12% (large values are typical for passenger cars), surface - about 5 ...8%, internal flow resistance - 8...11%.

The purpose of the work is to analyze the influence of the components of the overall aerodynamic resistance Cx on the operational properties of passenger cars (speed, fuel consumption, safety, convenience and comfort during driving) with the formation of a general rating assessment.

In general, it is shown that cars of the last period are characterized mainly by wedge-shaped shapes, to which almost all automobile companies in the world have switched. From the point of view of improved aerodynamic properties, these are cars of small and medium classes (classes B, C and E). On the basis of significant research in this field, the improvement of automotive technologies, aimed primarily at improving fuel economy and dynamic properties, manufacturers managed to achieve relatively low drag. At present, the best representatives of this class have closely approached the value of Сх = 0,29 ... 0,30, which is the limit for the current level of technology. Further efforts of researchers are aimed at reducing the resistance created under the hood, reducing pollution and improving acoustic characteristics.
Optimization electro-hydraulic-valve with independent flow control
Authors: Lozinskyi Dmytro , Kozlov Leonid , Piontkevych Oleh , Kavetskyi Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

The hydraulic drive is one of the most common types of drives used on mobile working machines of various purposes, including machines that are intended for performing load and unloading operations.

The quality of work operations of such machines largely depends on the characteristics of the hydraulic equipment, which is part of the hydraulic drive, in particular depends on characteristics of valves.

The purpose of the work is investigation of the impact of the constructive parameters of proportional electro-hydraulic valve with independent flows control on dynamic processes in the system and to establish the optimal combination of this parameters.

The proportional electro-hydraulic valve contains two independent elements to control the flows at the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic motor independently of each other. This increases the degree of controllability and makes it possible to perform work operations due to the accumulated energy of the object, for example, the potential energy of a load raised to a certain height, which is quite relevant for mobile working machines that perform loading and unloading operations.

The work of the valve, which is considered is determined not only by certain values of its constructive parameters, but also their corresponding sets. Since the degree of influence of a certain structural parameter on the characteristics of the work of the valve is not unambiguous and may be interconnected with other structural parameters, so to determine in advance the rational set of parameters that would provide the desired characteristics is extremely difficult, and in some cases practically not possible.

That is why optimization was used to determine the values of structural parameters.

One of the first stages of the study was to establish the degree of influence of the set of values of constructive parameters on dynamic and static characteristics. Applying the proposed influence coefficient, the constructive parameters that have the largest influence on the dynamic characteristics have been determined.

Using the LP-search method, optimization was carried out, and a set of parameters was established that provide improved dynamic characteristics.
Experimental study of the possibility of using silicate paste to increase the durability of automobile engine parts
Authors: Makarov Volodymyr , Makarova Tamara , Vynogradov Мykola , Mastepan Mykola , Savenok Dmytro , Levadnyi Oleksandr
Published: September 2023

The study of the possibility of using silicate abrasive paste to increase the durability of car parts is considered on the example of the "valve-seat" connection of the gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine. The service life of the gas distribution mechanism is mainly determined by the wear of its links, therefore, to increase its durability, it is necessary to ensure high wear resistance of its parts (valve and seat). As a result of wear and tear of parts, technical and economic indicators of the engine deteriorate. A drop in engine power occurs because of a loose fitting of the valve in the seat and gas breakthrough. Therefore, the operating conditions of the connected friction pairs of the gas distribution mechanism depend on the quality of the friction surfaces, on the changes that occur on the surfaces in contact, in the friction process in the presence or absence of lubricant, and on the nature of wear. When restoring the "valve-seat" connection, the final treatment for eliminating defects is rubbing with abrasive pastes.

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the possibility of using silicate paste to increase the durability of parts during their restoration. To determine the durability of parts whose surfaces were treated with abrasive pastes, a study of the wear resistance of such surfaces was conducted. For this purpose, the anti-friction properties and load capacity of surfaces treated with silicate paste and existing compositions (abrasive with oil and "CT") were determined. For the processing of friction surfaces, a laboratory installation was used, which is mounted on the bed of a universal machine designed for lapping the valves of auto tractor engines. Research on determining the antifriction properties and load capacity of surfaces treated with abrasive pastes was carried out on a special face friction unit.

The conducted research confirms that in the process of treatment with a silicate abrasive composition, a surface close to optimal is formed, which causes a low coefficient of friction, temperature, and intensity of wear and this occurs due to the formation of amorphous silica (SiO2). It has been proven that the best anti-friction properties have a friction pair that is treated with an abrasive silicate composition, and this will increase the durability of car engine parts by 15-20%. It was established that the friction pair, which is treated with an abrasive silicate composition, withstands the load before seizing 1.8-2 times more than the friction pairs, which are treated with existing compositions.
Evaluation of the Effect of Artemisia Absinthium L. Eye-Cream on Infra-Orbital Dark Circle: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zargaran Arman , Hamdi Hanan , Shirbeigi Laila , Rahimzadeh Mitra , Firooz Alireza , Amin Gholamreza , Mousavizadeh Kazem
Published: September 2023

Background: The relative darkening of the lower eyelid skin, often linked with dark circles, may make one seem tired and older than the actual age. Considering the recommendations in the sources of Persian medicine regarding Artemisia absinthium L., this clinical trial aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cream prepared from the aqueous extraction of A.absinthium for infra-orbital dark circles removal.Materials and Methods: In this double-blind controlled clinical trial, an eye cream is made with 20% of the aqueous extract of A.absinthium in the base of the cream. For standardization based on Artemisinin, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used. In two drug and placebo groups, 60 patients were equally enrolled in the trial. Erythema and pigmentation were evaluated via MexameterÂ®. Results: The cream was standardized, including 1.29Â±0.02 Âµg/mg Artemisinin in the product. Finally, 21 and 24 patients in the drug and placebo groups completed the study, respectively. In these groups, the difference in the mean Â± standard deviation (SD) delta erythema (DE), delta luminance (DL), erythema, and melanin factors before and after the research were significant (P<0.05). However, the rate of reduction of DE, Erythema, and Melanin and the rise of DL are more significant in the treatment group than in the placebo group. Furthermore, the mean values of DE and DL factors before the research were significantly different in the two groups (P<0.001), but after the investigation did not show a significant difference. The mean value of the Erythema factor in the two groups before (P=0.25) and after (P=0.5) did not show a significant difference. The mean value of Melanin after the research between the two groups showed a significant difference (P=0.01). Conclusion: The results show that the cream prepared from the herbal composition of Persian medicine improves the infra orbital dark circle around the eyes.[GMJ.2023;12:e2413]
Characterization of Small Genetic Variants in Breast Cancer Cell Line Under Tamoxifen Therapy
Authors: Heydari Seyed Taghi , Kharrati-Koopaee Hamed , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Nezamivand-Chegini Mahnaz , Giahi Hassan , Dehshahri Ali , Sabahi Fatemeh
Published: September 2023

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is an effective hormone therapy that reduces the risk of cancer recurrence. According to evidence, TAM contributes to the alterations of genetic variants background and plays a role in the effectiveness of treatments via alteration of the genetic variants. The effects of TAM on genomic features were investigated in the current study by discovering genetic variants and finding the answer to the following question: â€œIs there any association between the alterations of genetic variants under TAM consumption and an effective treatment process?â€ Materials and Methods: Whole-transcriptome (RNA-seq) dataset from four investigations including 10 TAM-treated samples and 9 untreated samples as the control groups were derived from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). Using the process of variants calling, the differential genetic variants between and gene ontology enrichment analysis were detected by CLC Genomics Workbench (12). Results: Current study reported about 5.8 million genetic variants. The outcomes of the chi-square test showed that distributions of genetic variants between control and treated samples were significant (p<0.05). The genetic variants comparison between the control and TAM-treated samples indicated that there were 67 differential genetic variants. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that differential genetic variants were associated with several tumor suppressors and oncogenes including IL6ST, GEN1, FNTA. HSPA5, NSMCE2, and DDX11.Conclusion: Most of the candidate genes with different genetic variants had dual roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Therefore, it can be argued that TAM does not play a significant role in an effective treatment through alteration of the genetic variants. In other words, it cannot be concluded that the TAM therapy-resulted alterations of genetic variants play a positive or negative role in the treatment process.
Response to: Medical Ethics According to Avicennaâ€™s Stance: A Synopsis
Authors: Dadmehr Majid , Arezaei Hamed
Published: September 2023

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Association between Elevated TNF-Î± Levels and Severe Malaria
Authors: Mohamedahmed Khalid
Published: September 2023

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Praca w monastycyzmie pachomiańskim
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz Antoni
Published: September 2023

Patrystyczna refleksja nad kluczowymi tekstami pachomian dotyczącymi zagadnienia pracy cenobickiej i jej skutków pozwala na wyciągniecie następujących wniosków: w zamyśle ideowym Pachomiusza praca miała być czynnością ascetyczną, dokonującą się w ciszy i w zupełnym podporządkowaniu się przełożonym. Podstawowym zajęciem pachomian była praca rolnicza na polach. Natomiast plecionkarstwo wydaje się być bardziej ascetycznym uzupełnieniem tej pierwszej. Pozostałe prace pachomian miały charakter służebny wobec rolnictwa i plecionkarstwa. Chrystologiczną motywację do podjęcia pracy rekonstruujemy na podstawie listów Pachomiusza i Księgi Horsiesiego. Kryzysy wspólnot pachomiańskich z końca lat 40 i 60 IV wieku zweryfikowały pierwotne założenia Reguły. Kazuistyczny i urzędniczo normatywny zarząd zakonu za pierwszej kadencji Horsiesiego zabijał zarówno ideowość mnichów, jak i ich ludzką czy zakonną odpowiedzialność. Wywołał sprzeciw („Nie chcemy mieć nic wspólnego z Horsiesim ani z zasadami, które ustala”) i bunt braci. Za rządów Teodora, kolejnego z διακριτικός wspólnoty doszło do uspokojenia w zakonie. Paradoksalnie systematyczna praca przyniosła wymierne efekty materialne, co zaczęło zagrażać duchowemu celowi zakonu. Ten drugi kryzys zarządu zakonu zażegnano poprzez zawierzenie Bożej Opatrzności napięcia pomiędzy zakonną obserwacją a systematyczną pracą i bogaceniem się instytucji. Wydaje się, że było to skuteczne rozwiązanie, bo pachomianie przetrwali w Egipcie aż do najazdu arabskiego w IX wieku.
Utworzenie kategorii godności człowieka (dignitas hominis) przez Hieronima ze Strydonu
Authors: Guerrero van der Meijden Jadwiga
Published: September 2023

Niniejszy artykuł omawia powstanie antropologiczno-aksjologicznej kategorii ludzkiej godności w pismach Hieronima ze Strydonu. Aby ocenić oryginalność Hieronima, artykuł omawia jego źródła: pisma Orygenesa z Aleksandrii i Cycerona De officiis. Identyfikacja przełomowego w historii europejskiego myślenia o ludzkiej godności momentu utworzenia przez Hieronima systematycznie stosowanej nazwy dla statusu aksjologicznego człowieka, dignitas hominis, pozawala podważyć dotychczas funkcjonujące w debacie naukowej ustalenia, które wskazywały na autorów takich jak Augustyn z Hippony czy Leon Wielki jako pionierów stosowania kategorii „ludzkiej godności”. Pokazanie, że kategorią dignitas hominis posługiwał się około roku 397 r. betlejemski pustelnik przesuwa zatem o kilkadziesiąt lat pierwsze systematyczne występowanie pojęcia godności ludzkiej w kulturze europejskiej.
Praesentia carnalis Christi. Incarnation Terminology in the Anti-heretical Polemic of Philastrius of Brescia
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: September 2023

The terminology found in one of the oldest Latin catalogs of heresies, Diversarum hereseon liber, written by Philastrius, bishop of Brescia (330-387/388), was adapted to the needs of anti-heretical polemics, and at the same time reflected the way of talking about Christ’s earthly mission, characteristic of the Latin patristic literature of the second half of the 4th century. A detailed philological and theological analysis of Philastrius’s treatise led to the following conclusions: (1) The terminology used by the author was rooted in the early Christian tradition (caro, corpus, incarnatio, incorporatio), but also original through the use of his own formula praesentia carnalis; (2) The vocabulary used in the catalog was strictly dependent on the subject of the doctrinal dispute. In polemics with docetistic heresies, Philastrius used the term caro more often than corpus, describing the body and, indirectly, the entire human nature of Christ. In the discussion with heresies that did not directly address the subject of the body of Christ, and also when presenting the orthodox teaching of the Church on the Incarnation of the Son of God, he used the term incorporatio more often than incarnatio; (3) The favorite phrase used by the Bishop of Brescia to describe the Incarnation was praesentia carnalis Christi. With it, Philastrius emphasized several important aspects of the theology of the Incarnation: the real corporeality of the person of Christ; the presence of the Son of God among people and its salvific purpose; a long process of revealing God to man, related to the Old Testament prophecies, the fulfillment of which was the coming of the Savior to earth.
Wykaz prac dyplomowych napisanych pod kierunkiem ks. prof. dr. hab. Antoniego Żurka
Authors: Baran Grzegorz Mariusz
Published: September 2023

Prace dyplomowe (doktorskie, licencjackie i magisterskie) napisane po kierunkiem ks. prof. dr. hab. Antoniego Żurka.
On the grammaticalization of past passive participles in Middle Russian
Authors: Skachedubova Maria
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the functioning of past passive participles (PPPs) in the preterit meaning used without auxiliary in seventeenth-century Russian on the data of private letters and the first Russian handwritten newspaper Kuranty. A grammatical interpretation of this use is proposed in the paper. In the course of the evolution of the old temporal system, the PPP started grammaticalizing and became a specialized form with preterit meaning and no obligatory expression of the subject. Different types of constructions with a PPP in this function (the PPP agrees with the subject or appears in the neuter form, the direct object being nominative or accusative) reflect different stages of the grammaticalization process, which was not accomplished in the history of Russian, but didreach the final phase in Polish.
Distributive patterns of Circassian vowels and reconstruction of the Common Circassian vowel system
Authors: Chirikba Viacheslav
Published: September 2023

Modern Circassian languages (Adyghe and Kabardian) have a threefold vocalic system based on the degree of openness: open /а/, close /e/, and mid /ə/. The article analyzes the distribution and phonotactics of Circassian vowels in CVCV syllabic chains. The disyllabic words of structure #CVCV# have the following options of vowel distribution: СaСa, СaСe, СeCa, СaСə, СеСе, СеСə, СəСа, СəСе, СəСə. In the sequence /V+V/, the vowel /e/ is always assimilated to /a/, and /ə/ is always assimilated to /a/ or /e/. As in Abkhaz, but unlike in Ubykh, in Circassian languages combinations of vowels are always realized as one vocalic sound (/V+V/ = [V]). Most authors do not question the existence of at least two phonemic vowels in Proto-Circassian. As for the late stage of Proto-Circassian, which can be called Common Circassian, in contrast to the two-term vocalism of the early language, a threefold system *a ~ *e ~ *ə appears to have developed at that point. The contrast *a ~ *e, thus, does not go deeper than the late Proto-Circassian (i.e., Common Circassian) period and is the result of phonologization of the positional allophonic contrast *[a] ~ *[e]. The so-called “rule of two open syllables” is discussed. On the basis of vocalic correspondences between Circassian languages, a three-term vocalic system of Common Circassian is reconstructed. The author also discusses exceptions and irregular vocalic correspondences.
Coğrafya dersi öğretim programına göre dijital haritaların kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi
Authors: ERGÜN Abdulkadır
Published: September 2023

Coğrafi referanslı bilgileri güncel bir biçimde yazılım firmaları tarafından hazırlanan Web sayfaları aracılığıyla kullanıcılara ulaştıran dijital haritalar Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri’nin (CBS) gelişimine paralel olarak ortaya çıkmış ve 1990’lı yılların ortalarından itibaren kamusal alanda yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Sahip oldukları birtakım özellikler ve sağladıkları avantajlardan dolayı günümüzde sağlık, turizm, nüfus, ulaşım ve meteoroloji gibi daha pek çok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanan dijital haritaların kullanıldığı alanlardan biri de eğitimdir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman incelenmesi ile tasarlanan bu çalışmada da Coğrafya Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda (CDÖP) yer alan kazanımlara göre dijital haritaların kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çeşitli dijital harita uygulamaları maliyet, kolay kullanım ara yüzüne sahip olma, erişilebilirlik gibi kriterlere göre incelenerek yürürlükte olan mevcut coğrafya öğretim programında yer alan harita bilgisi ile harita becerilerinin yer aldığı kazanımların öğretiminde kullanılabilirliğine dair örnekler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda ise elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda coğrafya derslerinde dijital haritaların kullanımıyla ilgili olarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.