bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliografi Beranotasi Fertilitas dan Keluarga Berencana
Authors: Priyono P
Published: January 2017

Bibliografi beranotasi merupakan reference yang memberi informasi mengenai sumber tertentu dan ditambah topik inti. Belum ada aturan yang baku tentang fertilitas dan keluarga berencana pada tulisan ini dibuat seringkas mungkin dengan tidak meninggalkan topik inti yang terkandung dalam sumber aslinya. Buku atau reference yang digunakan untuk menyusun bibliografi ini merupakan koleksi Perpustakaan Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Anotasi yang terkandung berkisar pada upaya untuk menurunkan tingkat dan memacu keberhasilan keluarga berencana di Indonesia. Faktor-faktor yang dibicarakan dalam upaya tersebut antara lain faktor sosial, ekonomi, budaya, demografi, peran tokoh formal maupun informal, dan unsur geografi.
The Poverty in Indonesia: Concept, Approach, and the Reduction Strategies
Authors: Musiyam Muhammad
Published: January 2017

Apparently, the policy of raise poverly in Indonesia start to change. In PJPT I, the strategy to raise the poverly acupied the position “Side stream of development” only. That is, the effort to raise the poverly only applied the components of macro economic policy to maintain the growth of the economy in high position. In PJPT II this effort occupy the position “main stream of development”. That is, not only does the effort depend on “trickle down effect’, but also through direct attack that concern to destitude people. The poverly phenomenon is complex problem and multidimensional, that’s not merely concern with welfare aspect (materially). Therefore, in order to the raising of poverly run effectively, we have to look the dimension of poverly as a whole. Complexity of poverly problems vary from place to place. Therefore, it is needed an accurate strategy and it must consider the characteristic of poverly and the potency that suitable to be developed.
The Strategic Approach to Solve the Poverty in Developing Country
Authors: Dahroni D
Published: January 2017

Not only does poverty in developing country face decline of relative imbalance, but they face the increasing of absolute poverly as well. One of the characteristic of developing country is signed by growth population rapidly. Economic development prospect doesn’t apart from ratio between quantity of population and land suitability. The limitedness of land that be done by farmer cause the decline of agriculture production, besides, the growth of wotk opportunity increase, the employment is restricted. Some main  problems that must be faced by now are; the distribution of income, work opportunity, man power quality, and many alternative approach to be sub mitted to reach the economic growth by distribution.
The Challenge of Urban and Regional Development in the Future
Authors: Suminto Tedjo
Published: January 2017

The task of development is part of the overall national task carried out along governance. This task has been entrusted to the government as a gradual long-term task, planning, and sustainable. Implied in it, the intention to achieve a better state. Contained within the dimension of time setting goals, achieving goals, and overall utilization of benefits for citizens throughout the country. Enshrined also be aware that there will be found a variety of difficulties, limitations, and problems that must be solved. The problems of urban development in Indonesia can be viewed from two approaches, namely macro and micro approaches. A macro approach urban problems are reviewed in the context of the region (national scale). While the approach is seen as a micro city neighborhoods. This problem is closely related to the natural growth of the city population and population migration. Based on research on urban and regional development, it can be concluded: 1) the problem of urbanization of rural and small towns to large cities should be addressed; 2) urban spatial arrangements should be improved to do with increasingly limited land for development and urban development; 3) the provision of facilities and infrastructure of the city, city management, and financing of urban development, integration between government, society, and the private sector should be increased; 4) study of urban models that can accommodate all the problems of the city should be developed continuously.
Reseña de Giorgio Agamben. (2015). Stasis. Civil War as a Political Paradigm. Trad. de Nicholas Heron. Edimburgo: Edinburgh University Press: 58 pp.
Authors: Gallardo Núñez Tonatiuh
Published: January 2017

Reseña de Giorgio Agamben. (2015). Stasis. Civil War as a Political Paradigm. Trad. de Nicholas Heron. Edimburgo: Edinburgh University Press: 58 pp.
Réplica a "Mis derechos y los derechos del otro. Reflexiones fenomenológicas en torno al problema del fundamento de los Derechos Humanos"
Authors: González Di Pierro Eduardo
Published: January 2017

Recibido: 28/06/2016 • Aceptado: 5/09/2015

Mi réplica se concentrará principalmente en la segunda parte de la presentación y en particular el último apartado, consagrado precisamente a la posibilidad de pensar los DDHH desde una perspectiva fenomenológica.

 
Some Legal Determinants of External Finance in Scotland: A Response to Lord Hodge
Authors: Hardman Jonathan
Published: January 2017

In September 2015 Lord Hodge published an article in the Edinburgh Law Review which concluded that there can be no room for Scots law particularisation in the sphere of commercial law, as it could only increase transaction costs (as to which, see Hodge, “Does Scotland need its own Commercial Law?” (2016) 19(3) Edinburgh Law Review 299). Whilst agreeing with Lord Hodge, in this article Jonathan Hardman proposes a different model for potential reforms of Scots commercial law – refocusing on lowering transaction costs using empirical economic analysis. This model is then applied to various elements of the Scots law of security, before being critiqued for its limitations.
Information Access Rights in FOIA and FOISA – Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Mc Cullagh Karen
Published: January 2017

In this article, Dr Mc Cullagh examines whether the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) and Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 (FOISA) are fit for purpose as they enter their second decade. A two-fold approach is used to make this determination. Firstly, an assessment of the degree of compliance of both Acts against a set of UN endorsed principles is undertaken. This reveals that neither Act is fully compliant with the normative principles. Secondly, the Acts are compared against each other. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the Acts are creatures of their respective parliaments and that their evolution has been shaped by the distinct political cultures in which they operate. It concludes that at present FOISA offers stronger information rights but that both Acts should be amended to ensure full compliance with the UN endorsed principles if both jurisdictions are to have information rights that are fit for purpose as they enter their second decade.
A Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Bending–Torsion Vibration in Low-Speed Water
Authors: Shan Xiaobiao , Deng Jie , Song Rujun , Xie Tao
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a piezoelectric energy harvester using an eccentric cylinder undergoing bending–torsion vibration in low-speed water. It can harvest energy from water using vortex-induced vibration (VIV). A distributed parameter beam model with respect to the motion of the piezoelectric beam was established based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The governing coupled equations of the harvester system were derived by Lagrange’s equations. The optimal configurations and work conditions of harvesters were numerically analyzed according to the above mathematical models. Experiments were designed and performed to verify the numerical results. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experiment results, which verifies the validity of the mathematical models. The harvester with bending–torsion vibration generated an output power of 0.3978 mW, which is 1.99 times of that of the harvester with a solid-cylinder tip undergoing bending only.
The Model Analysis of a Complex Tuning Fork Probe and Its Application in Bimodal Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Wu Zhichao , Guo Tong , Tao Ran , Xu Linyan , Chen Jinping , Fu Xing , Hu Xiaotang
Published: January 2017

A new electromechanical coupling model was built to quantitatively analyze the tuning fork probes, especially the complex ones. A special feature of a novel, soft tuning fork probe, that the second eigenfrequency of the probe was insensitive to the effective force gradient, was found and used in a homemade bimodal atomic force microscopy to measure power dissipation quantitatively. By transforming the mechanical parameters to the electrical parameters, a monotonous and concise method without using phase to calculate the power dissipation was proposed.
Multivariate Curve Resolution and Carbon Balance Constraint to Unravel FTIR Spectra from Fed-Batch Fermentation Samples
Authors: Vier Dennis , Wambach Stefan , Schünemann Volker , Gollmer Klaus-Uwe
Published: January 2017

The current work investigates the capability of a tailored multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm to analyse glucose, phosphate, ammonium and acetate dynamics simultaneously in an E. coli BL21 fed-batch fermentation. The high-cell-density (HCDC) process is monitored by ex situ online attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and several in situ online process sensors. This approach efficiently utilises automatically generated process data to reduce the time and cost consuming reference measurement effort for multivariate calibration. To determine metabolite concentrations with accuracies between ±0.19 and ±0.96·gL−l, the presented utilisation needs primarily—besides online sensor measurements—single FTIR measurements for each of the components of interest. The ambiguities in alternating least squares solutions for concentration estimation are reduced by the insertion of analytical process knowledge primarily in the form of elementary carbon mass balances. Thus, in this way, the established idea of mass balance constraints in MCR combines with the consistency check of measured data by carbon balances, as commonly applied in bioprocess engineering. The constraints are calculated based on online process data and theoretical assumptions. This increased calculation effort is able to replace, to a large extent, the need for manually conducted quantitative chemical analysis, leads to good estimations of concentration profiles and a better process understanding.
Research and Application of a Novel Hybrid Model Based on Data Selection and Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for Short Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Yang Wendong , Wang Jianzhou , Wang Rui
Published: January 2017

Machine learning plays a vital role in several modern economic and industrial fields, and selecting an optimized machine learning method to improve time series’ forecasting accuracy is challenging. Advanced machine learning methods, e.g., the support vector regression (SVR) model, are widely employed in forecasting fields, but the individual SVR pays no attention to the significance of data selection, signal processing and optimization, which cannot always satisfy the requirements of time series forecasting. By preprocessing and analyzing the original time series, in this paper, a hybrid SVR model is developed, considering periodicity, trend and randomness, and combined with data selection, signal processing and an optimization algorithm for short-term load forecasting. Case studies of electricity power data from New South Wales and Singapore are regarded as exemplifications to estimate the performance of the developed novel model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid method is not only robust but also capable of achieving significant improvement compared with the traditional single models and can be an effective and efficient tool for power load forecasting.
Technology and Reliability of Normally-Off GaN HEMTs with p-Type Gate
Authors: Meneghini Matteo , Hilt Oliver , Wuerfl Joachim , Meneghesso Gaudenzio
Published: January 2017

GaN-based transistors with p-GaN gate are commonly accepted as promising devices for application in power converters, thanks to the positive and stable threshold voltage, the low on-resistance and the high breakdown field. This paper reviews the most recent results on the technology and reliability of these devices by presenting original data. The first part of the paper describes the technological issues related to the development of a p-GaN gate, and the most promising solutions for minimizing the gate leakage current. In the second part of the paper, we describe the most relevant mechanisms that limit the dynamic performance and the reliability of GaN-based normally-off transistors. More specifically, we discuss the following aspects: (i) the trapping effects specific for the p-GaN gate; (ii) the time-dependent breakdown of the p-GaN gate during positive gate stress and the related physics of failure; (iii) the stability of the electrical parameters during operation at high drain voltages. The results presented within this paper provide information on the current status of the performance and reliability of GaN-based E-mode transistors, and on the related technological issues.
Primary Cilia as a Possible Link between Left-Right Asymmetry and Neurodevelopmental Diseases
Authors: Trulioff Andrey , Ermakov Alexander , Malashichev Yegor
Published: January 2017

Cilia have multiple functions in the development of the entire organism, and participate in the development and functioning of the central nervous system. In the last decade, studies have shown that they are implicated in the development of the visceral left-right asymmetry in different vertebrates. At the same time, some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, and dyslexia, are known to be associated with lateralization failure. In this review, we consider possible links in the mechanisms of determination of visceral asymmetry and brain lateralization, through cilia. We review the functions of seven genes associated with both cilia, and with neurodevelopmental diseases, keeping in mind their possible role in the establishment of the left-right brain asymmetry.
Isolation, Characterization, and Degradation Performance of the 17β-Estradiol-Degrading Bacterium Novosphingobium sp. E2S
Authors: Li Shunyao , Liu Juan , Sun Minxia , Ling Wanting , Zhu Xuezhu
Published: January 2017

A 17β-estradiol (E2)-degrading bacterium E2S was isolated from the activated sludge in a sewage treatment plant (STP). The morphology, biological characteristics, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence of strain E2S indicated that it belonged to the genus Novosphingobium. The optimal degrading conditions were 30 °C and pH 7.0. The ideal inoculum volume was 5% (v/v), and a 20-mL degradation system was sufficient to support the removal ability of strain E2S. The addition of extra NaCl to the system did not benefit the E2 degradation in batch culture by this strain. Strain E2S exhibited high degradation efficiency with initial substrate concentrations of 10–50 mg·L−1. For example, in mineral salt medium containing 50 mg·L−1 of E2, the degradation efficiency was 63.29% after seven days. In cow manure samples supplemented with 50 mg·L−1 of E2, strain E2S exhibited 66.40% degradation efficiency after seven days. The finding of the E2-degrading strain E2S provided a promising method for removing E2 from livestock manure in order to reduce the potential environmental risks of E2.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Clinical Potential and Mode of Action
Authors: Shin Tae-Hoon , Kim Hyung-Sik , Choi Soon , Kang Kyung-Sun
Published: January 2017

Inflammatory skin disorders that cause serious deterioration of the quality of life have become one of the major public concerns. Despite their significance, there is no fundamental cure to date. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess unique immunomodulatory properties which make them a promising tool for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Our recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that MSCs can be successfully used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the major inflammatory skin diseases. This observation along with similar reports from other groups revealed the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of MSCs in inflammatory dermatosis. In addition, it has been proposed that cell priming or gene transduction can be novel strategies for the development of next-generation high-efficacy MSCs for treating inflammatory skin diseases. We discuss here existing evidence that demonstrates the regulatory properties of MSCs on immune responses under inflammatory conditions.
Pulses, Healthy, and Sustainable Food Sources for Feeding the Planet
Authors: Iriti Marcello , Varoni Elena
Published: January 2017

Pulses, a subgroup of legumes, are plant foods from the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), pulses are annual leguminous crops, used for both food and feed, yielding from 1 to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape, and color within a pod.[...]
An Introduction to the Foundations of Chemical Information Theory. Tarski–Lesniewski Logical Structures and the Organization of Natural Sorts and Kinds
Authors: Chandler Jerry
Published: January 2017

Organic mathematics is an applied mathematics of philosophical atomism. The order of the chemical elements in the table of elements is the source of order for the logical operations of addition and subtraction of atomic numbers. The inverse square laws of physics are the source of organization of subatomic structures of chemical atoms (atomic and molecular structures). These facts are foundational to the logic of the chemical sciences and are therefore the scientific basis for chemical information theory. The theories and facts of the chemical sciences are so perplex that several forms of symbolic representations are necessary to communicate the broad range of scientific concepts used to inquire into the nature of natural sorts and kinds. The logics proposed by Tarski, Lesniewski and Malatesta are applied to the construction of a numerical “spine” of perplex numbers representing atomic numbers as meta-symbols in meta-languages. The orbital angular momenta of certain collections of electrical particles (also known as “handedness”) are critical components in constructing the logical propositions of the perplex number “spine”. Biological communication channels can function if and only if the natural sorts and kinds are consistent with the matching patterns of the optical isomers. The terms spinners and twisters are introduced to express the electro-mechanical torques necessary for encoding chemical information. This hypothesis can be tested by several categories of experiments, including clinical pharmaco-dynamics and clinical toxico-dynamics of dissymmetric isomers of different sorts and kinds.
Energy Balance of Biogas Production from Microalgae: Effect of Harvesting Method, Multiple Raceways, Scale of Plant and Combined Heat and Power Generation
Authors: Milledge John , Heaven Sonia
Published: January 2017

A previously-developed mechanistic energy balance model for production of biogas from the anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass grown in open raceway systems was used to consider the energetic viability of a number of scenarios, and to explore some of the most critical parameters affecting net energy production. The output demonstrated that no single harvesting method of those considered (centrifugation, settlement or flocculation) produced an energy output sufficiently greater than operational energy inputs to make microalgal biogas production energetically viable. Combinations of harvesting methods could produce energy outputs 2.3–3.4 times greater than the operational energy inputs. Electrical energy to power pumps, mixers and harvesting systems was 5–8 times greater than the heating energy requirement. If the energy to power the plant is generated locally in a combined heat and power unit, a considerable amount of “low grade” heat will be available that is not required by the process, and for the system to show a net operational energy return this must be exploited. It is concluded that the production of microalgal biogas may be energetically viable, but it is dependent on the effective use of the heat generated by the combustion of biogas in combined heat and power units to show an operational energy return.
Properties of Residue from Olive Oil Extraction as a Raw Material for Sustainable Construction Materials. Part I: Physical Properties
Authors: Díaz-García Almudena , Martínez-García Carmen , Cotes-Palomino Teresa
Published: January 2017

Action on climate, the environment, and the efficient use of raw materials and resources are important challenges facing our society. Against this backdrop, the construction industry must adapt to new trends and environmentally sustainable construction systems, thus requiring lines of research aimed at keeping energy consumption in new buildings as low as possible. One of the main goals of this research is to efficiently contribute to reducing the amount of residue from olive oil extraction using a two-phase method. This can be achieved by producing alternative structural materials to be used in the construction industry by means of a circular economy. The technical feasibility of adding said residue to ceramic paste was proven by analyzing the changes produced in the physical properties of the paste, which were then compared to the properties of the reference materials manufactured with clay without residue. Results obtained show that the heating value of wet pomace can contribute to the thermal needs of the sintering process, contributing 30% of energy in pieces containing 3% of said material. Likewise, adding larger amounts of wet pomace to the clay body causes a significant decrease in bulk density values.
Pore-Scale Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis of Apparent Gas Permeability in Shale Matrix
Authors: Zhang Pengwei , Hu Liming , Meegoda Jay
Published: January 2017

Extremely low permeability due to nano-scale pores is a distinctive feature of gas transport in a shale matrix. The permeability of shale depends on pore pressure, porosity, pore throat size and gas type. The pore network model is a practical way to explain the macro flow behavior of porous media from a microscopic point of view. In this research, gas flow in a shale matrix is simulated using a previously developed three-dimensional pore network model that includes typical bimodal pore size distribution, anisotropy and low connectivity of the pore structure in shale. The apparent gas permeability of shale matrix was calculated under different reservoir pressures corresponding to different gas exploitation stages. Results indicate that gas permeability is strongly related to reservoir gas pressure, and hence the apparent permeability is not a unique value during the shale gas exploitation, and simulations suggested that a constant permeability for continuum-scale simulation is not accurate. Hence, the reservoir pressures of different shale gas exploitations should be considered. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the contributions to apparent permeability of a shale matrix from petro-physical properties of shale such as pore throat size and porosity. Finally, the impact of connectivity of nano-scale pores on shale gas flux was analyzed. These results would provide an insight into understanding nano/micro scale flows of shale gas in the shale matrix.
Preparation and Characterization of Extruded Composites Based on Polypropylene and Chitosan Compatibilized with Polypropylene-Graft-Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Carrasco-Guigón Fernando , Rodríguez-Félix Dora , Castillo-Ortega María , Santacruz-Ortega Hisila , Burruel-Ibarra Silvia , Encinas-Encinas Jose , Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel , Herrera-Franco Pedro , Madera-Santana Tomas
Published: January 2017

The preparation of composites of synthetic and natural polymers represent an interesting option to combine properties; in this manner, polypropylene and chitosan extruded films using a different proportion of components and polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PPgMA) as compatibilizer were prepared. The effect of the content of the biopolymer in the polypropylene (PP) matrix, the addition of compatibilizer, and the particle size on the properties of the composites was analyzed using characterization by fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength, and contact angle, finding that in general, the addition of the compatibilizer and reducing the particle size of the chitosan, favored the physicochemical and morphological properties of the films.
Approximation in Müntz Spaces MΛ,p of Lp Functions for 1 < p < ∞ and Bases
Authors: Ludkowski Sergey
Published: January 2017

Müntz spaces satisfying the Müntz and gap conditions are considered. A Fourier approximation of functions in the Müntz spaces MΛ,p of Lp functions is studied, where 1 < p < ∞. It is proven that up to an isomorphism and a change of variables, these spaces are contained in Weil–Nagy’s class. Moreover, the existence of Schauder bases in the Müntz spaces MΛ,p is investigated.
Indolediketopiperazine Alkaloids from Eurotium cristatum EN-220, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Marine Alga Sargassum thunbergii
Authors: Du Feng-Yu , Li Xin , Li Xiao-Ming , Zhu Li-Wei , Wang Bin-Gui
Published: January 2017

Four new indolediketopiperazine derivatives (1–4), along with nine known congeners (5–13), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Eurotium cristatum EN-220, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine alga Sargassum thunbergii. The structures of thesecompounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configurations of compounds 1–4 were established by NOESY experiments and by chiral HPLC analyses of their acid hydrolysates. The absolute configuration of C-8 (a quaternary carbon substituted with a hydroxyl group) in 5 of preechinulin class was firstly determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All these compounds were evaluatedfor brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality and nematicidal activity as well as antioxidativeand antimicrobial potency.
Polycondensation Resins by Flavonoid Tannins Reaction with Amines
Authors: Santiago-Medina Francisco-Jose , Pizzi Antonio , Basso Maria , Delmotte Luc , Celzard Alain
Published: January 2017

Reaction of a condensed flavonoid tannin, namely mimosa tannin extract with a hexamethylene diamine, has been investigated. For that purpose, catechin was also used as a flavonoid model compound and treated in similar conditions. Solid-state cross-polarisation/magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectroscopy studies revealed that polycondensation compounds leading to resins were obtained by the reaction of the amines with the phenolic hydroxy groups of the tannin. Simultaneously, a second reaction leading to the formation of ionic bonds between the two groups occurred. These new reactions have been shown to clearly lead to the reaction of several phenolic hydroxyl groups, and flavonoid unit oligomerisation, to form hardened resins.
Validation of Spaceborne and Modelled Surface Soil Moisture Products with Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes
Authors: Montzka Carsten , Bogena Heye , Zreda Marek , Monerris Alessandra , Morrison Ross , Muddu Sekhar , Vereecken Harry
Published: January 2017

The scale difference between point in situ soil moisture measurements and low resolution satellite products limits the quality of any validation efforts in heterogeneous regions. Cosmic Ray Neutron Probes (CRNP) could be an option to fill the scale gap between both systems, as they provide area-average soil moisture within a 150–250 m radius footprint. In this study, we evaluate differences and similarities between CRNP observations, and surface soil moisture products from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), the METOP-A/B Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP), the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), as well as simulations from the Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS2). Six CRNPs located on five continents have been selected as test sites: the Rur catchment in Germany, the COSMOS sites in Arizona and California (USA), and Kenya, one CosmOz site in New South Wales (Australia), and a site in Karnataka (India). Standard validation scores as well as the Triple Collocation (TC) method identified SMAP to provide a high accuracy soil moisture product with low noise or uncertainties as compared to CRNPs. The potential of CRNPs for satellite soil moisture validation has been proven; however, biomass correction methods should be implemented to improve its application in regions with large vegetation dynamics.
Integrating Radarsat-2, Lidar, and Worldview-3 Imagery to Maximize Detection of Forested Inundation Extent in the Delmarva Peninsula, USA
Authors: Vanderhoof Melanie , Distler Hayley , Mendiola Di , Lang Megan
Published: January 2017

Natural variability in surface-water extent and associated characteristics presents a challenge to gathering timely, accurate information, particularly in environments that are dominated by small and/or forested wetlands. This study mapped inundation extent across the Upper Choptank River Watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula, occurring within both Maryland and Delaware. We integrated six quad-polarized Radarsat-2 images, Worldview-3 imagery, and an enhanced topographic wetness index in a random forest model. Output maps were filtered using light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived depressions to maximize the accuracy of forested inundation extent. Overall accuracy within the integrated and filtered model was 94.3%, with 5.5% and 6.0% errors of omission and commission for inundation, respectively. Accuracy of inundation maps obtained using Radarsat-2 alone were likely detrimentally affected by less than ideal angles of incidence and recent precipitation, but were likely improved by targeting the period between snowmelt and leaf-out for imagery collection. Across the six Radarsat-2 dates, filtering inundation outputs by lidar-derived depressions slightly elevated errors of omission for water (+1.0%), but decreased errors of commission (−7.8%), resulting in an average increase of 5.4% in overall accuracy. Depressions were derived from lidar datasets collected under both dry and average wetness conditions. Although antecedent wetness conditions influenced the abundance and total area mapped as depression, the two versions of the depression datasets showed a similar ability to reduce error in the inundation maps. Accurate mapping of surface water is critical to predicting and monitoring the effect of human-induced change and interannual variability on water quantity and quality.
Fusion of High Resolution Multispectral Imagery in Vulnerable Coastal and Land Ecosystems
Authors: Ibarrola-Ulzurrun Edurne , Gonzalo-Martin Consuelo , Marcello-Ruiz Javier , Garcia-Pedrero Angel , Rodriguez-Esparragon Dionisio
Published: January 2017

Ecosystems provide a wide variety of useful resources that enhance human welfare, but these resources are declining due to climate change and anthropogenic pressure. In this work, three vulnerable ecosystems, including shrublands, coastal areas with dunes systems and areas of shallow water, are studied. As far as these resources’ reduction is concerned, remote sensing and image processing techniques could contribute to the management of these natural resources in a practical and cost-effective way, although some improvements are needed for obtaining a higher quality of the information available. An important quality improvement is the fusion at the pixel level. Hence, the objective of this work is to assess which pansharpening technique provides the best fused image for the different types of ecosystems. After a preliminary evaluation of twelve classic and novel fusion algorithms, a total of four pansharpening algorithms was analyzed using six quality indices. The quality assessment was implemented not only for the whole set of multispectral bands, but also for the subset of spectral bands covered by the wavelength range of the panchromatic image and outside of it. A better quality result is observed in the fused image using only the bands covered by the panchromatic band range. It is important to highlight the use of these techniques not only in land and urban areas, but a novel analysis in areas of shallow water ecosystems. Although the algorithms do not show a high difference in land and coastal areas, coastal ecosystems require simpler algorithms, such as fast intensity hue saturation, whereas more heterogeneous ecosystems need advanced algorithms, as weighted wavelet ‘à trous’ through fractal dimension maps for shrublands and mixed ecosystems. Moreover, quality map analysis was carried out in order to study the fusion result in each band at the local level. Finally, to demonstrate the performance of these pansharpening techniques, advanced Object-Based (OBIA) support vector machine classification was applied, and a thematic map for the shrubland ecosystem was obtained, which corroborates wavelet ‘à trous’ through fractal dimension maps as the best fusion algorithm for this ecosystem.
Emission Flux Measurement Error with a Mobile DOAS System and Application to NOx Flux Observations
Authors: Wu Fengcheng , Li Ang , Xie Pinhua , Chen Hao , Hu Zhaokun , Zhang Qiong , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: January 2017

Mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (mobile DOAS) is an optical remote sensing method that can rapidly measure trace gas emission flux from air pollution sources (such as power plants, industrial areas, and cities) in real time. Generally, mobile DOAS is influenced by wind, drive velocity, and other factors, especially in the usage of wind field when the emission flux in a mobile DOAS system is observed. This paper presents a detailed error analysis and NOx emission with mobile DOAS system from a power plant in Shijiazhuang city, China. Comparison of the SO2 emission flux from mobile DOAS observations with continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) under different drive speeds and wind fields revealed that the optimal drive velocity is 30–40 km/h, and the wind field at plume height is selected when mobile DOAS observations are performed. In addition, the total errors of SO2 and NO2 emissions with mobile DOAS measurements are 32% and 30%, respectively, combined with the analysis of the uncertainties of column density, wind field, and drive velocity. Furthermore, the NOx emission of 0.15 ± 0.06 kg/s from the power plant is estimated, which is in good agreement with that from CEMS observations of 0.17 ± 0.07 kg/s. This study has significantly contributed to the measurement of the mobile DOAS system on emission from air pollution sources, thus improving estimation accuracy.
Set-Based Discriminative Measure for Electrocardiogram Beat Classification
Authors: Li Wei , Li Jianqing , Qin Qin
Published: January 2017

Computer aided diagnosis systems can help to reduce the high mortality rate among cardiac patients. Automatical classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) beats plays an important role in such systems, but this issue is challenging because of the complexities of ECG signals. In literature, feature designing has been broadly-studied. However, such methodology is inevitably limited by the heuristics of hand-crafting process and the challenge of signals themselves. To address it, we treat the problem of ECG beat classification from the metric and measurement perspective. We propose a novel approach, named “Set-Based Discriminative Measure”, which first learns a discriminative metric space to ensure that intra-class distances are smaller than inter-class distances for ECG features in a global way, and then measures a new set-based dissimilarity in such learned space to cope with the local variation of samples. Experimental results have demonstrated the advantage of this approach in terms of effectiveness, robustness, and flexibility based on ECG beats from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.
Value Assigned to Employees Who Preserve the Social and Organizational Environment
Authors: Mazilescu Crisanta-Alina , Gangloff Bernard
Published: January 2017

In this study, we were interested in the behaviors of individuals who preserve the social and organizational environment by ensuring sustainability. More specifically, we are interested in allegiant behaviors. Numerous studies have highlighted the normative character of allegiance. Therefore, we questioned the value attributed to allegiance. We questioned 170 employees on social values that they attribute in terms of desirability and utility to a future colleague (subordinate or peer) starting from the responses that these future colleagues were supposed to have submitted to an allegiance questionnaire. It was observed that desirability and utility make reference to two independent dimensions, utility being often more important. It was also noted there is greater severity assigned to endo-group targets (future peers) than to exo-group targets (future subordinates). Finally, it was noted that there was not so much a valuation of allegiant targets, but rather a rejection of rebel targets, which raises the question of the bi-dimensionality of the valuation-devaluation process.
The Extent and Implications of the Microclimatic Conditions in the Urban Environment: A Vienna Case Study
Authors: Vuckovic Milena , Kiesel Kristina , Mahdavi Ardeshir
Published: January 2017

Recent challenges in the realm of urban studies concern better understanding of microclimatic conditions. Changes in urban climate affect cities at local and global scales, with consequences for human health, thermal comfort, building energy use, and anthropogenic emissions. The extent of these impacts may vary due to different morphologies and materials of the built environment. The present contribution summarizes the results of a multi-year effort concerned with the extent and implications of urban heat in Vienna, Austria. For this purpose, high-resolution weather data across six locations are obtained and analyzed. This allowed for an objective assessment of urban-level climatic circumstances across distinct low-density and high-density typologies. Subsequently, a systematic framework was developed for identification of essential properties of the built environment (geometric and material-related) that are hypothesized to influence microclimate variation. Results point to a number of related (positive and negative) correlations with microclimatic tendencies. Additionally, the impact of this location-specific weather data on building performance simulation results is evaluated. The results suggest that buildings' thermal performance is significantly influenced by location-specific microclimatic conditions with variation of mean annual heating load across locations of up to 16.1 kWhm−2·a−1. The use of location-independent weather data sources (e.g., standardized weather files) for building performance estimations can, thus, result in considerable errors.
Case Study for the Return on Investment of Internet of Things Using Agent-Based Modelling and Data Science
Authors: Houston Charles , Gooberman-Hill Stephen , Mathie Richard , Kennedy Andrew , Li Yunxi , Baiz Pedro
Published: January 2017

As technology advances towards new paradigms such as the Internet of Things, there is a desire among business leaders for a reliable method to determine the value of supporting these ventures. Traditional simulation and analysis techniques cannot model the complex systems inherent in fields such as infrastructure asset management, or suffer from a lack of data on which to build a prediction. Agent-based modelling, through an integration with data science, presents an attractive simulation method to capture these underlying complexities and provide a solution. The aim of this work is to investigate this integration as a refined process for answering practical business questions. A specific case study is addressed to assess the return on investment of installing condition monitoring sensors on lift assets in a London Underground station. An agent-based model is developed for this purpose, supported by analysis from historical data. The simulation results demonstrate how returns can be achieved and highlight features induced as a result of stochasticity in the model. Suggestions of future research paths are additionally outlined.
Enniatin and Beauvericin Biosynthesis in Fusarium Species: Production Profiles and Structural Determinant Prediction
Authors: Liuzzi Vania , Mirabelli Valentina , Cimmarusti Maria , Haidukowski Miriam , Leslie John , Logrieco Antonio , Caliandro Rocco , Fanelli Francesca , Mulè Giuseppina
Published: January 2017

Members of the fungal genus Fusarium can produce numerous secondary metabolites, including the nonribosomal mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENNs). Both mycotoxins are synthesized by the multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase (ESYN1) that contains both peptide synthetase and S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent N-methyltransferase activities. Several Fusarium species can produce ENNs, BEA or both, but the mechanism(s) enabling these differential metabolic profiles is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the primary structure of ESYN1 by sequencing esyn1 transcripts from different Fusarium species. We measured ENNs and BEA production by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and Acquity QDa mass detector (UPLC-PDA-QDa) analyses. We predicted protein structures, compared the predictions by multivariate analysis methods and found a striking correlation between BEA/ENN-producing profiles and ESYN1 three-dimensional structures. Structural differences in the β strand’s Asn789-Ala793 and His797-Asp802 portions of the amino acid adenylation domain can be used to distinguish BEA/ENN-producing Fusarium isolates from those that produce only ENN.
Integrating Local Scale Drainage Measures in Meso Scale Catchment Modelling
Authors: Hellmers Sandra , Fröhle Peter
Published: January 2017

This article presents a methodology to optimize the integration of local scale drainage measures in catchment modelling. The methodology enables to zoom into the processes (physically, spatially and temporally) where detailed physical based computation is required and to zoom out where lumped conceptualized approaches are applied. It allows the definition of parameters and computation procedures on different spatial and temporal scales. Three methods are developed to integrate features of local scale drainage measures in catchment modelling: (1) different types of local drainage measures are spatially integrated in catchment modelling by a data mapping; (2) interlinked drainage features between data objects are enabled on the meso, local and micro scale; (3) a method for modelling multiple interlinked layers on the micro scale is developed. For the computation of flow routing on the meso scale, the results of the local scale measures are aggregated according to their contributing inlet in the network structure. The implementation of the methods is realized in a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model. The implemented micro scale approach is validated with a laboratory physical model to confirm the credibility of the model. A study of a river catchment of 88 km2 illustrated the applicability of the model on the regional scale.
Le Guide de la pratique sur Les réserves aux traités : une nouvelle forme de codification ?
Authors: Cassella Sarah
Published: January 2017

La Commission du droit international vient d’achever l’un de ses chantiers les plus substantiels et remarquables de ces dernières années concernant les réserves aux traités. Elle s’essaie ainsi à l’utilisation de nouvelles méthodes de codification consistant à systématiser la pratique sur une question précise, à partir de conventions de codification, en élaborant un «guide » à l’intention des praticiens. Si la mise en place de ces instruments de soft codification peut permettre de renouveler la fonction de cet organe, elle doit cependant répondre à un certain nombre de critères pour remplir des conditions minimales d’efficacité. Or la Commission peine parfois à trouver l’équilibre entre la prise en compte de la pratique pertinente et la non remise en cause des conventions de Vienne, en cédant à la tentation de faire oeuvre doctrinale.
L’arrêt de la Cour internationale de Justice dans l’affaire des Immunités juridictionnelles de l’Etat (Allemagne c. Italie ; Grèce intervenant)
Authors: Laval Pierre-François
Published: January 2017

L’arrêt du 3 février 2012 rendu en l’affaire des Immunités juridictionnelles de l’État trouve ses origines dans une série de condamnations prononcées par les autorités judiciaires italiennes à l’encontre de l’Allemagne pour des crimes commis par les forces d’occupation nazies durant le second conflit mondial. Ainsi appelée à déterminer si le juge national dispose, en accord avec le droit international général, de la faculté de lever les immunités d’un État étranger afin de ne pas laisser impunies des atteintes manifestes aux règles internationales les plus fondamentales, la Cour internationale de Justice se livre à un minutieux travail d’interprétation des règles coutumières avant de condamner les autorités italiennes au motif que l’avantage procédural que les États tirent de leurs immunités ne trouve aucune limitation dans la gravité des faits qui leur sont reprochés. Les inévitables choix opérés par la Cour pour aboutir à cette solution conduisent à s’interroger sur le rôle que le juge international serait lui-même appelé à exercer dans le processus de formation du droit.
La Commission de l’Union africaine pour le droit international : bilan des trois premières années
Authors: Tchikaya Blaise
Published: January 2017

The African Union Commission on International Law (AUCIL) was created on 30 January 2009 and began work on 3 May 2010. It burst in upon the international legal system somewhat anonymously. To date it has held five ordinary and two extraordinary sessions. The codification of nine subject areas is under examination. After giving an opinion on the Libyan crisis in 2011 it is pursuing a review of the crime of anti-constitutional change of government and of the establishment of an International Constitutional Court which the African Union has decided to create. The results of the first three years show that the AUCIL holds a position that cannot to date be compared with any other international codification commission.
L’eau des cours internationaux comme « ressource naturelle » : imprécisions et paradoxes
Authors: Quilleré-Majzoub Fabienne , Majzoub Tarek
Published: January 2017

Comme le langage courant, le droit international tient l’eau du cours d’eau international pour une ressource naturelle parmi bien d’autres. Pour pouvoir s’y s’appliquer utilement, il convient toutefois de résoudre la tension inhérente à son objet, territorialisé dans ses usages nationaux et globalisé dans ses répercussions sur les autres États du cours d’eau. Il s’agit tout à la fois d’assurer la préservation des intérêts nationaux et la primauté du concept de ressource partagée. Cet article tente d’esquisser les raisons pour lesquelles, appliqué à l’eau du cours d’eau international, le concept de ressource naturelle n’est plus adapté aux réalités actuelles. Il défend l’idée que les tensions découlant de ce concept sont, primordialement, juridiques : partager l’eau du cours d’eau international ou préserver la souveraineté permanente des États sur leurs ressources naturelles ; commercialiser l’eau du cours d’eau international ou la protéger de l’intervention ou de l’interférence des marchés et de leurs contraintes.