bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case report of tubo-ovarian torsion in 4 years old girl
Authors: Sharma Aarti , Lasune Shivshankar , B. M. Rupakala , Reddy Harshitha , Yadav Vineeta
Published: August 2017

Tubo-ovarian torsion is infrequent diagnosis, clinical picture is nonspecific and children cannot articulate their symptoms which make diagnosis as a challenge. High index of suspicious and early intervention prevents damage to adnexal tissue.
Primary pure non-gestational choriocarcinoma of ovary: a rare case report
Authors: Rawal Gireesha , Ahluwalia Charanjeet , Yadav Amit Kumar , Dhawan Indrani
Published: August 2017

Germ cell malignancies represent 15% of ovarian cancers. Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumour with trophoblastic differentiation. It may be gestational or non-gestational and may be a primary tumour or metastatic from other organs. Pure non-gestational choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare neoplasm, with reports of only a few cases. This study reports a rare case of non-gestational pure choriocarcinoma in a postmenarcheal young female and describes details of the tumour, including the clinicopathological findings. A young female presented with sudden onset anxiety, abdominal distention, severe abdominal pain, and severe pallor. Clinically, she was diagnosed as a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and was taken up for emergency laparotomy. A right ovarian mass of 5X7 cm was seen, which was ruptured and was bleeding profusely. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was done, and it was diagnosed histopathologically as primary pure non-gestational choriocarcinoma of ovary. This case report describes the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of this rare entity, as well as the various methods to differentiate between cases of non-gestational and gestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary. This is important as non-gestational choriocarcinoma has a poorer prognosis in comparison with gestational. Also, the treatment regimen for the two differs.
Oligosacáridos de la leche humana. Crecimiento y desarrollo
Authors: Madrazo de la Garza José Armando
Published: August 2017

La leche humana es considerada como un tejido en forma líquida, compuesto por células vivas y múltiples factores bioquímicos funcionales que aportan, más que ninguna otra fórmula, grandes ventajas al crecimiento y desarrollo del ser humano al inicio de la vida.
Neumomediastino secundario a efecto Macklin. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Gil-Vargas Manuel , González-Rodríguez Laura Edith , León-Aguilar Víctor Hugo
Published: August 2017

El neumomediastino secundario es la presencia de aire en el espacio mediastinal procedente de bronquios, alvéolos o de una ruptura esofágica, que viaja a través de las vainas vasculares y los planos tisulares hacia el espacio mediastinal; puede ser categorizado como espontáneo, traumático o secundario. El neumomediastino secundario es considerado como una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría, de incidencia muy variable. En la edad pediátrica se asocia a crisis asmática y a infecciones de la vía respiratoria, traumatismos, vómitos, esfuerzos intensos, estados de ansiedad con hiperventilación y el consumo de drogas. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 4 años de edad previamente sana, con neumomediastino secundario; no se documentaron posibles mecanismos como traumatismo o procedimientos o instrumentaciones en el tórax en su fisiopatología, se asoció a un acceso de tos, con cuadro de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Se confirmo por radiografías de tórax y cuello. El cuadro fue de corta evolución y requirió breve tratamiento intrahospitalario. En la tomografía computada de tórax realizada al ingreso se observó el aire migrando por las vainas peribroncovasculares rumbo al mediastino (“efecto Macklin”).
Profilaxis antimicrobiana previa a procedimientos dentales. Situación actual y nuevas perspectivas
Authors: Rodríguez-Campos Luis Fernando , Ceballos-Hernández Hilda , Bobadilla-Aguirre Alfredo
Published: August 2017

La bacteremia secundaria a los procedimientos dentales puede dar origen a episodios de endocarditis infecciosa. La implementación de la profilaxis antimicrobiana tiene como finalidad aminorar la bacteremia transitoria reduciendo la posibilidad de desarrollar endocarditis infecciosa, por lo que es indispensable conocer qué antibióticos son de elección y en qué casos o situaciones administrarlos u omitirlos. Existen múltiples guías para aplicar profilaxis antimicrobiana, éstas difieren en sus recomendaciones, a tal grado que pueden confundir al facultativo al momento de determinar si el paciente requiere antibiótico profiláctico y a elegir el antimicrobiano adecuado. OBJETIVO: comparar las diferentes guías de profilaxis antimicrobiana y recomendaciones para converger en una recopilación única con las aportaciones destacadas de cada guía revisada; de la misma manera, exponer el régimen utilizado en nuestra institución por el servicio de estomatología. CONCLUSIÓN: el estomatólogo se puede basar principalmente en las guías de la American Heart Association (AHA) y el Centro Nacional de Excelencia Tecnológica en Salud (CENETEC) para condiciones cardiacas que ameriten profilaxis antimicrobiana, y para pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas sobre la guía de la American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) y las recomendaciones de nuestra institución. La administración de profilaxis antimicrobiana se da por razones científicas consolidadas y por carácter de tipo médico-legal, en un futuro se espera establecer criterios para aumentar los métodos no antibióticos preventivos de endocarditis infecciosa y aminorar el uso de antimicrobianos, reduciendo el uso de antibiótico profiláctico, sin exponer al paciente a infecciones diseminadas y con mínimos efectos secundarios posibles.
Ill Health and Discrimination: The Double Jeopardy for Youth in Punitive Justice Systems
Authors: Schissel Bernard
Published: August 2017

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The author argues that despite the rhetoric of Canada’s youth justice system framework, there is a striking lack of funding for, or commitment to, alternatives to formal justice when dealing with marginalized young people. One consequence of this is an epidemic of ill health, both physical and emotional, among at-risk youth. It is this reality, not criminality, that is the defining characteristic of this vulnerable population. To underline this point, the author presents his research on marginalized Aboriginal youth, and notes that the public perception of young people in conflict with the legal system is defined by fear and hostility rather than sympathy. He also discusses examples of micro-communities that understand the epidemic of ill health plaguing marginalized youth and that provide an antidote to the condemnation of children and youth in the larger society. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: ";Times New Roman";,";serif";; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">He notes that for children and youth, involvement with the law is a profound individual and collective health risk and argues against conservative law and order politics. He emphasizes the importance of research driven intervention, crime prevention and alternatives to the criminal justice system. 
Epilogue
Authors: Vallée Michel , Caputo Tullio
Published: August 2017

  
Traditional Anishinabe Healing in a Clinical Setting: The Development of an Aboriginal Interdisciplinary Approach to Community-based Aboriginal Mental Health Care
Authors: Maar Marion A. , Shawande Marjory
Published: August 2017

Traditional medicine has been practiced by Aboriginal people for thousands of years at the community level. It is still practiced today outside of the mainstream health system by many Aboriginal people. However, providing this type of care in a clinical, health centre setting and in co-operation with western treatment methods is new, and requires a merging of traditional Aboriginal and western medical world views in order to develop protocols for service delivery that ensure the integrity of both systems. The groundwork required to ensure the safety of clients, providers, and organizations within the new integrated system is still largely undocumented. To address this gap, we studied factors that support the successful integration of traditional Aboriginal healing and western mental health care approaches, and document the experiences of clients and providers. To accomplish this we contextualize 10 years of experience of traditional healing services development with in-depth interviews and focus groups with 17 community service providers and 23 clients. We found that the development of traditional healing protocols, inter-professional education for providers and community members and a focus on client access to traditional Anishinabe health services provide the basis for the integration of western and traditional healing practices in the model under study. Our findings show integrated care resulted in positive experiences for clients and providers. We conclude that traditional healing approaches can be successfully integrated with clinical mental health services. Further research is necessary to improve our understanding of client experiences with this integrated  approach and the impact on wholistic health and well-being.
OS CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO NO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL: UMA ABORDAGEM PRELIMINAR
Authors: Santos Keila Patrícia Cambraia , Ferreira José Francisco Carvalho , Sotta Eleneide Doff
Published: August 2017

A ação antrópica tem ocasionado mudanças nefastas no clima, que podem ser atenuadas pelo carbono contido nas florestas tropicais, as quais possuem destaque no estado do Amapá, especificamente em sua floresta estadual. Sob o preceito da gestão sustentável, objetivou-se refletir sobre o seu potencial contributo no mercado de carbono, constituindo uma abordagem preliminar. Foi elaborada pesquisa bibliográfica, que inclui o Protocolo de Quioto, as COPs, a quantificação de biomassa no estado e o mercado desses créditos. Pesquisas já realizadas, mostraram que o estoque de carbono total para as árvores é de 182,10 + 6,02 t/C ha-1 o que teria um importante contributo no mercado regional e nacional, além de propiciar a preservação e a sustentabilidade da região.
Analysis of Post Loan Disbursement Allocation and Performance of Non-Prime Household Loan in Microfinance Banks in Kenya
Authors: Wachira Bernard Ndirangu , Omondi Humphrey Opiyo , Kinyanjui Josphat K. ,   Department of Business Management and Entrepreneurship, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya,   Department of Business Management and Entrepreneurship, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya,   Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
Published: August 2017

The part played by non-prime household loans in improving the lives of many people who cannot afford collateral globally cannot be ignored. Many Microfinance Banks in many economies worldwide have tried to maintain the Grameen Bank Model of granting microloans, mainly non-prime household loans. However, the credit risks associated with this initiative hamper the pace at which the granting of this credit facility is expected to grow. This study intends to explore the relationship between the post loan disbursement allocation and the performance of non-prime household loans in the Microfinance Banks in Kenya. The theory associated to this study is the Credit Risk Theory. This theory, which is regarded as credit structural theory, was developed by Merton in 1972. The descriptive survey research design method was applied, and the sample size was 150 respondents. The data-collection tool used was a questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was conducted for the purpose of predicting non-prime household performance in the Microfinance Banks using training budget, recoveries budget, percentage of training budget, and percentage of recoveries budget as predictors. The Wald test shows that training budget, recoveries budget, and percentage of training budget were good predictors, making a significant contribution to prediction. The percentage of budget on recoveries was not a significant predictor. The Microfinance Banks should enhance the performance of non-prime household loans through capacity building to the borrowers and educate the borrowers on dangers of enforced loan recoveries. The government, through the Central Bank of Kenya, should have a training policy for the Microfinance Banks so that they can enlighten the borrowers on proper financial management to avoid conflicts with borrowers during loan recoveries.
Association of the salivary triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells/its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 axis with oral inflammation in kidney disease
Authors: Nylund Karita M. , Ruokonen Hellevi , Sorsa Timo , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Meurman Jukka H. , Ortiz Fernanda , Tervahartiala Taina , Furuholm Jussi , Bostanci Nagihan
Published: August 2017

Background

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM‐1) is a cell‐surface receptor involved in amplification of inflammatory response to bacterial infections, along with its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1). TREM‐1 is shed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to its soluble (s) form. The aim of the study is to investigate association of sTREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 with oral inflammatory burden among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at predialysis and posttransplantation stages.

Methods

One hundred forty‐four patients with CKD were examined at predialysis, and oral infection foci were treated prior to kidney transplantation. Fifty‐three patients were available for follow‐up after transplantation. Oral inflammatory burden was assessed by the Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Index (PIBI) and Total Dental Index. sTREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and interleukin (IL)‐1β were measured in saliva by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and MMP‐8 was measured by immunofluorometric assay.

Results

In the predialysis stage, sTREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 were positively associated with IL‐1β, MMP‐8, and PIBI. More specifically, patients with deeper probing depth (PD) (at least two sites with ≥6 mm) had higher concentrations of salivary sTREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 compared with those with shallower PD. Higher concentrations of PGLYRP1 and IL‐1β were associated with a higher number of teeth (> 25). On follow‐up, higher PGLYRP1 and sTREM‐1 were associated with one or more sites with ≥4 mm PD.

Conclusions

sTREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 are elevated in patients with CKD with poor oral health and positively correlate with number of active periodontal pockets after oral infection therapy. Moreover, they positively correlate with MMP‐8 and IL‐1β. Hence, the salivary sTREM‐1/PGLYRP1 axis could be useful as a diagnostic marker for oral infection within patients with CKD.
O médico veterinário na atenção básica à saúde
Authors: Xavier Daniele Rosa , Nascimento Guilherme Nobre Lima
Published: August 2017

Considerando a atuação do médico veterinário em atividades de saúde pública, e a sua inclusão nas equipes multidisciplinares do Núcleo de Saúde da Família, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar os desafios deste profissional da saúde, bem como sua atuação e importância nesta área. Para elaboração deste trabalho foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico sobre o tema em questão. O amplo campo profissional contempla desde a gestão e o planejamento em saúde até a mais tradicionalmente conhecida vigilância epidemiológica, sanitária e ambiental. Atuam ainda na prevenção, controle e erradicação das doenças veiculadas por diversos fatores, entre os quais podemos citar: origem alimentar, parasitária, infecciosas, entre outros. Assim, o papel estratégico do médico veterinário na prevenção e no controle de enfermidades deve ser constante a ponto de permitir a partilha de experiências entre outros profissionais da área da saúde a fim de salvaguardar a vida dos animais e principalmente da população humana.
A Fenomenologia e a formação humana na perspectiva de Edmund Husserl
Authors: SILVA CARLOS CARDOSO
Published: August 2017

RESUMO:

O artigo discute a Fenomenologia e a Formação Humana na perspectiva de Edmund Husserl. É uma reflexão a partir do termo fenomenologia, onde procura compreensão do sentido e do significado do fenômeno, apontando que uma das principais preocupações da fenomenologia como método é evidenciar as estruturas em que a experiência ocorre, é deixar transparecer na descrição das experiências as suas estruturas universais. Apresenta as categorias de intencionalidade e epochê visando o conhecimento, onde todo ato de conhecimento (noema) corresponde a certa modalidade de consciência (noesis). Apresenta também, a categoria do Lebenswelt (o mundo-da-vida) fundamental e significativa para Husserl em toda a sua trajetória como homem e pesquisador rigoroso, discute a crise da humanidade europeia e a formação humana, uma contribuição para a educação problematizar os atuais problemas enfrentados pela humanidade.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DOS AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMAS-TO
Authors: Alves Guimarães Maria Sortênia , Mucari Talita Buttarello , De Sousa Maria Fátima
Published: August 2017

Resumo O Agente Comunitário de Saúde, nas duas últimas décadas, vem representando, no setor saúde, um profissional estratégico para aproximar as famílias e comunidades nos processos de trabalho em saúde. Entra em cena um novo ator político para contribuir no fortalecimento dos Sistemas Municipais de Saúde. Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil sociodemográfico desse profissional no Município de Palmas-TO. Trata-se de estudo tipo survey exploratório, realizada com 246 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, entre janeiro e abril de 2014. A coleta de dados foi por questionários, em observância a Resolução nº466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Verificou-se que a maioria dos Agentes Comunitário de Saúde pertence ao gênero feminino (85,89%), está entre 30 e 44 anos de idade (68,57%) e apresenta ensino médio completo (54,06%). Dos 246 entrevistados, 38,21% fizeram cursos técnicos. Dentre esses 62,77% em Técnico de Agente Comunitário de Saúde. A maioria (55,19%) está na profissão entre 10 e 14,9 anos. O número de visitas domiciliares realizadas pelos Agentes Comunitário de Saúde foi em média 9,32 visitas/dia. Evidencia-se no estudo que o perfil que emerge da pesquisa é semelhante aqueles desenhado pela Política Nacional da Atenção Básica, ainda assim, destaca-se a necessidade de inserção dos mesmos em projetos de educação permanente.

 

Palavras-chave: Agente Comunitário de Saúde; Estratégia Saúde da Família; Comunidade.
PERFIL SOCIOECONÔMICO DOS PESCADORES ARTESANAIS DE DOIS LAGOS PERIURBANOS DE SANTARÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Sousa Rabelo Yohanna Gabriely , Vaz Elizabete de Matos , Zacardi Diego Maia
Published: August 2017

A atividade pesqueira tem um importante papel socioeconômico no estado do Pará, especialmente para as pequenas comunidades ribeirinhas, gerando emprego, renda e oferta de alimentos para a população. O trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil socioeconômico dos pescadores e caracterizar a pesca realizada em dois lagos periurbanos de Santarém (lago Juá e Maicá), Baixo Amazonas (PA). Foram aplicados 68 formulários semiestruturados junto às lideranças, pescadores e demais atores sociais envolvidos com a pesca nas comunidades no entorno dos lagos. A maioria dos entrevistados eram do sexo masculino (69%), com idade entre 19 e 80 anos, baixos níveis de escolaridade e renda inferior a um salário mínimo. Os resultados técnico-operacionais, revelam a atividade como artesanal e de pequena escala, praticada por canoas motorizadas que variam de 2,5 a 12 m, sendo executada por pescadores de dedicação parcial ou exclusiva e com produção destinada em partes à subsistência e ao comércio, utilizando multiplicidade de apetrechos, com destaque para o uso da malhadeira e da captura de pacus, aracus, bocó (juvenil de tambaqui), jaraquis e tucunarés. Em toda extensão dos lagos ocorre a prática da pesca artesanal indicando a relevância destes mananciais como importante meio de subsistência para os pescadores locais. Como pontos negativos foram relatados a falta de fiscalização, a pesca predatória e o mau uso e degradação dos recursos naturais. Estes resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de políticas adequadas de manejo para a melhoria da atividade pesqueira da região.
Authors: Sandegi Mohammad Rustam
Published: August 2017

The rapid development of IT sector in Indonesia has increasingly replacing traditional activities, including the trading sector which has slowly changing to virtual activities, that are widely known as e-commerce. The development and public interest in using this e-commerce service, can be seen from the growing number of big companies both local and international, who are trying to enter and also controlling online market in Indonesia. National media has also reported about the huge number of funding that these e-commerce companies has spent, for the hope of monopolize the online market or at least just survive in the fierce competition of e-commerce business in Indonesia. But to do that, they have to understand and see the basic reasons about why do people have high interest for online transaction over traditional transaction. The result of this study will provide a success model of virtualization process, viewed from the perspective of e-commerce, from observing the ever-growing of online shopping interest by Indonesian citizen.
A Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Approach to Evaluate the Sustainability Indicators in the Villagers’ Lives in Iran with Emphasis on Earthquake Hazard: A Case Study
Authors: Murgante Beniamino , Salmani Mohamad , Molaei Qelichi Mohamad , Hajilo Mehdi
Published: August 2017

Natural hazards such as earthquakes take place around the world and when combined with humans create natural disasters. Earthquakes, a form of natural hazard, have, in recent years, caused damage and destruction in many rural areas due to the lack of sustainability in political, economic, social, physical and operational criteria. Thus, to overcome the damage caused by earthquakes in rural areas, an assessment of sustainability status seems necessary to plan and strengthen in relation to the status of sustainability indicators. Data collection was performed through field methods and questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, T statistical methods, correlation method and F-test were performed using SPSS software (V22.0, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). The results of the study showed that villages were at a low and undesirable level for all aspects, except social index in terms of sustainability. Comparisons showed that there was a significant mean difference among villages in terms of sustainability. The multi-criteria decision-making analysis has been considered and applied to a ranking of villages in terms of sustainability against the hazard of earthquakes. Finally, in order to improve the sustainability indicators of villages, some strategies have been presented.
On the Numerical Modelling of Bond for the Failure Analysis of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Grassl Peter , Johansson Morgan , Leppänen Joosef
Published: August 2017

The structural performance of reinforced concrete relies heavily on the bond between reinforcement and concrete. In nonlinear finite element analyses, bond is either modelled by merged, also called perfect bond, or coincident with slip, also called bond-slip, approaches. Here, the performance of these two approaches for the modelling of failure of reinforced concrete was investigated using a damage-plasticity constitutive model in LS-DYNA. Firstly, the influence of element size on the response of tension-stiffening analyses with the two modelling approaches was investigated. Then, the results of the two approaches were compared for plain and fibre reinforced tension stiffening and a drop weight impact test. It was shown that only the coincident with slip approach provided mesh insensitive results. However, both approaches were capable of reproducing the overall response of the experiments in the form of load and displacements satisfactorily for the meshes used.
Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth
Authors: Kolstad Erik W.
Published: August 2017

Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) weather forecasting has improved in recent years, thanks partly to better representation of physical variables in models. For instance, realistic initializations of snow and soil moisture in models yield enhanced predictability on S2S time scales. Snow depth and soil moisture also mediate month-to-month persistence of near-surface air temperature. Here the role of snow depth as predictor of temperature one month ahead in the Northern Hemisphere is probed via two causal pathways. Through the first pathway, snow depth anomalies in month 1 cause snow depth anomalies in month 2, which then cause temperature anomalies in month 2. This pathway represents the snow–albedo feedback, as well as cooling due to insulation, emissivity and heat loss. It is active from fall to summer, and its effect peaks in March/April in the midlatitudes and in May/June at high latitudes. A complementary second pathway, where snow depth anomalies in month 1 cause soil moisture anomalies in month 2, which then cause temperature anomalies in month 2 through soil moisture–temperature feedbacks, is only active in spring and summer. Its effect peaks later in the warm season than the effect of the first pathway. Geographically, snow depth mediates north of, and soil moisture south of, the areas with the highest temperature predictability from snow depth. These results indicate that the two pathways describe complementary physical mechanisms. The first pathway embodies month-to-month persistence of snow depth, and the second pathway represents melting of snow from one month to the next.
An Adaptive Sweep-Circle Spatial Clustering Algorithm Based on Gestalt
Authors: Zhan Qingming , Deng Shuguang , Zheng Zhihua
Published: August 2017

An adaptive spatial clustering (ASC) algorithm is proposed in this present study, which employs sweep-circle techniques and a dynamic threshold setting based on the Gestalt theory to detect spatial clusters. The proposed algorithm can automatically discover clusters in one pass, rather than through the modification of the initial model (for example, a minimal spanning tree, Delaunay triangulation or Voronoi diagram). It can quickly identify arbitrarily-shaped clusters while adapting efficiently to non-homogeneous density characteristics of spatial data, without the need of prior knowledge or parameters. The proposed algorithm is also ideal for use in data streaming technology with dynamic characteristics flowing in the form of spatial clustering in large data sets.
A Unique TGFB1-Driven Genomic Program Links Astrocytosis, Low-Grade Inflammation and Partial Demyelination in Periplaques of Spinal Cords from Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Nataf Serge , Barritault Marc , Pays Laurent
Published: August 2017

We previously reported that in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with a progressive form of the disease, spinal cord periplaques extend distance away from plaque borders and are characterized by the co-occurrence of partial demyelination, astrocytosis and low-grade inflammation. However, transcriptomic analyses comparing periplaques to adjacent normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) areas did not allow providing a comprehensive view of molecular events in astrocytes vs oligodendrocytes. Here, we re-assessed our transcriptomic data with the aim of identifying functionally-relevant co-expression networks that would reflect astrocyte vs oligodendrocyte molecular signatures in periplaques. We identified an astrocytosis-related gene module comprising GFAP, the hub gene CX43/GJA1 and a set of transcripts forming a TGFB/SMAD1/SMAD2 genomic signature. Partial demyelination was characterized by a co-expression network which, besides myelin genes, comprised a highly significant number of translation/elongation-related genes. Interestingly, the main oligodendrocyte-related hub we identified was NDRG1, a gene previously shown to be specifically silenced in the NAWM of MS patients. This result indicated that NDRG1 down-regulation could be an important event in the process of periplaque partial demyelination.  To establish a putative link between NDRG1 down-regulation and a cytokine/chemokine signature, we then sought to identify cytokine/chemokine genes whose mRNA levels inversely correlated with those of NDRG1.  Following this approach we found 5 candidate immune-related genes whose up-regulation associated with NDRG1 down-regulation: TGFB1, PDGFC, IL-17D, IL-33, and IL-12A. From these results we propose that in the spinal cord of MS patients with progressive forms of the disease, TGFB1 may limit acute inflammation but concurrently induce astrocytosis and an alteration of oligodendrocytes terminal differentiation.
Forecasting Algorithms for Recurrent Patterns in Consumer Demand
Authors: Boiko Tetiana , Karpenkov Oleg , Rakhimberdiev Bulat
Published: August 2017

In this paper we develop a forecasting algorithm for recurrent patterns in consumer demand. We study this problem in two different settings: pull and push models. We discuss several features of the algorithm concerning sampling, periodic approximation, denoising and forecasting.
KEMANDIRIAN FINANSIAL LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN MELALUI ENTREPRENEURSHIP DAN PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Romadhon Ahmad
Published: August 2017

The objective of this research was to understand comprehensively the Financial Independent in Organization of Education through Entrepreneurship and partnership. it was a qualitative research with study case method conducted in Al Ashriyyah Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School, Parung-Bogor. In this research data collecting with triangulation technique, Overall the researchers use participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation for the same data sources simultaneously. As a private educational institution, Al Ashriyyah Nurul Iman Foundation since its inception independently manage and develop the foundation to establish a wide range of entrepreneurial and cooperation with various institutions and circles. Financial independence has always strived through two things very well. Develop without relying on finance from other parties is a priority for YANIIBS, so that entrepreneurship and partnerships with these institutions become more developed and advanced
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM WAJIB BELAJAR 12 TAHUN DI KOTA DEPOK JAWA BARAT
Authors: Elyasa Elyasa
Published: August 2017

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the policy of compulsory education to twelve years in the city of Depok, West Java (Case Study On Education Level Senior High School). This study is a qualitative study using a Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM). This research was conducted in the scope of Depok City Department of Education in 2015 until 2016, data were collected through interviews, observation and documents. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative. Components of the evaluation in this study, among others; evaluation of all aspects of planning, evaluation aspects of the implementation,and evaluation results. The result showed that the policy of compulsory education to twelve years in the city of Depok positive impact, because it is able to suppress the school dropout (APS) rate to 0.1%, and increase the participation and coarse (APK) 65,86% and the net enrollment (APM) rate of 37,57%.
A Pragmatic Approach to Managing Carbon Emissions in the North Sea
Authors: Stileman Tim
Published: August 2017

BP and other oil and gas companies have been engaged in efforts to address the risks and opportunities of global climate change for many years. Following the Paris Agreement of COP 21 in 2015 there has been a renewed focus and energy for action.

At the corporate level, integrated oil and gas companies, such as BP, are exploring options to reduce the carbon intensity of their products across the whole lifecycle to better prepare their businesses for a low-carbon future. Managing GHG emissions in upstream oil and gas production activities by improving efficiency and reducing flaring is one element of this.

This paper aims to highlight a pragmatic approach to managing carbon emissions from offshore installations operating on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) that helps maintain competitiveness and maximizes economic recovery in this mature basin. It does so by illustrating the key challenges and opportunities associated with managing carbon emissions in the UKCS.

The challenges are multiple and complex: Energy Intensity: Increasing energy consumption is required to maintain production from depleting reservoirs, and for new developments which often require pressure support and/or are from multiple small fields that deplete quickly.Plant Vulnerabilities: As equipment and infrastructure age the likelihood of failures increases leading to more frequent and potentially more challenging unplanned shutdowns and reduced plant reliability.Plant Optimisation: As reservoirs deplete topside plant design is often no longer optimized for production rates and well fluid compositions.Resource Constraints: Capital and offshore constraints such as bed space, or competing priorities such as safety critical maintenance, mean there are significant practical constraints which limit offshore maintenance and modification workscopes.Policy and Legislation: Can create incentives, through carbon pricing, which drive energy efficiency. However, in practice instruments such as the EUETS have not achieved this in the oil and gas sector. This is because EUETS rules do not recognize the unique characteristics of the offshore industry and because the carbon price has remained low for the last 5 years.

Despite the challenges there are opportunities to reduce and avoid emissions in the UKCS through: Operational efficiency: achieving stable, reliable plant by addressing the underlying causes of poor operational efficiency has great potential to reduce GHG emissions relative to production in the near term at no incremental cost.New technology: economic deployment of appropriate technologies on new and existing installations has the potential to reduce GHG emissions.

The benefits of pursuing these pragmatic opportunities include: Maximized economic recovery of hydrocarbonsReduced GHG emissions relative to productionLower exposure to carbon price under the EU ETS
Advancing The Application of Downhole Fibre Optics with a Novel Low Cost Disposable Deployment Method
Authors: Higginson Paul , Purkis Dan , Webster Michael
Published: August 2017

This paper will describe how fiber optics can be introduced into wells at very low cost, for the purposes of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), using a novel disposable deployment method.

It was identified that the cost and risk associated with existing methods of installing fiber optics have. severely restricted the application of downhole distributing fiber-optic sensing. It’s because of this that technology has been developed that is cost effective enough to run in any well, resulting in a disposable system that uses the required materials to perform a singular operation.

The system utilises bare fiber optics, located in the tool, referred to as ‘dart’ herein. The fiber optic is de-spooled during free-fall deployment into the well. The system is disposed of in the well following the distributed sensing operation, which would typically only last several hours.

Tests performed in a shallow test well have shown that bare fiber optic can be successfully and reliably deployed into the well and that a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) survey can be performed on each fiber installed.

It was observed that the bare fiber was paid out into the well with no detectable slack, resulting in good depth correlation, important for determining the location of any event. It was also observed that the bare fiber attached itself to the inside of the tubing, which is thought to provide a good acoustic coupling - as well as a certain level of protection versus a freely moving fiber in the well.

It was concluded that the novel system is viable for use in oil and gas wells and would provide significant cost and risk reductions compared to existing methods of fiber deployment. The resulting increase in data from the application of such a system would have a considerable impact on production and well integrity, as well as offer vast cost savings in well abandonment operations.
The Sound of Silence: Innovative Approach to Confirm Barriers using Spectral Noise Logging
Authors: Ishmukhametova G. , Fokkema E. , Kelder O. , Rodger C. , Yurchenko A.
Published: August 2017

This paper details the deployment of Spectral Noise logging confirming barriers in a complex abandonment of an onshore field in the Netherlands to fulfil regulatory requirements and to support sustainable abandonment.

After initial plug and abandonment (P&A) activities on the main reservoirs, measurements showed pressure build up inside annuli. Spectral noise, high precision temperature and production logging were performed to determine the cause of sustained annulus pressure (SAP) and the location of leaks. The data acquisition was performed both under shut-in and pressure bleed-off conditions and both log responses were compared to identify changes in noise patterns. The noise from specific events such as channelling or reservoir activity was detected, so the abandonment program could remediate these issues successfully.

Application of spectral noise logging in this field yielded evidence that this technology can identify annulus flow for very minor build-up rates (0.1 bar/day). This paper further demonstrates the ability to allocate the SAP source behind multiple barriers and to validate plug integrity. It was observed that noise responses have a good correlation with ultrasonic cement evaluation logs aiding better understanding of the gas migration mechanism and change in noise patterns.

The temperature logging in most of the wells did not indicate any difference between shut-in and bleed-off regimes due to the very low leak rates. However, it did demonstrate the absence of any major cross-flow between formations. Insights in behind-casing flow geometry along the borehole helped to work out a remedial strategy to proceed with a sustainable abandonment of the logged wells.

For specific and complex cases, where conventional pressure monitoring and pressure test techniques cannot provide conclusive results, the spectral noise logging technology becomes a useful differentiator in selecting between possible scenarios during execution, The technology therefore brings significant value by reducing project cost without compromising the quality of the abandonment.
Significant Breakthrough in Shallow Reservoir Development
Authors: Grammeltvedt E. , Paraschiv M. , Worth P. , Hill R. , Brovko K. , Alexander G. , Boualleg R. , Piiparinen J.
Published: August 2017

Shallow oil reservoirs, commonly associated with heavy oil, require massive completion programs. The reason for these huge completion programs is due to the need for larger hole sizes compared with standard borehole developments.

The commercial feasibility of these developments relies on repetitive and predictable drilling performance in large hole sizes and high-angle curvatures to reach very soft formations.

One such development is the Mariner field in the UK sector of the North Sea, which was discovered 30 years ago. This field, located 140 km east of the Shetland Islands in 110m water depths, is the largest new field development in the UKCS. Two targeted reservoirs contain heavy oil in shallow unconsolidated sands in the Maureen and Heimdal formations.

Field objectives included the following:100+ well targets at the rate of ± 12 wells per yearTimely well delivery scheduleTechnology application to lower Drilling &Well operations sanctioned cost by at least 25%

The construction program for the Mariner field required the 20-in. casing shoe to be set at a shallow true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS) of ±750m, at inclinations between 35 and 55°, and build rates of 3 to 5°/30m in the ultra-soft formations with an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of < 1000 psi.

Although the advancements made in rotary steerable system (RSS) technologies are capable of generating 15 to 18°/30m dogleg severity (DLS) output, these technologies have historically been confined to small hole sizes extending from 5⅞ in. to 9½ in.

This paper describes the development of the world’s first RSS bottom hole assembly (BHA) design, capable of delivering repetitive and predictable performance to drill large hole sections to high inclinations in shallow, ultra-soft formations.
Say no to Pilot-Holes and Sidetracks - Mapping Complex Injectite Sand Reservoirs while Landing and from Inside - Case Studies from the Catcher Development
Authors: Roberts Stephen Kenyon , Riley Dominic , Gibson Matt , Nguyen Cuong , Martin Tom , Beck Andy , Bower Michael , Perna Ferdinando , Bisain Amarjit , Hui Xu Chong , Steele Joseph Wilding
Published: August 2017

As part of the planning for development drilling on the North Sea Catcher fields in 2015, Premier Oil sought technology solutions that would aid in drilling the complex injected sand reservoirs. Due to the highly variable and potentially discontinuous nature of injected and remobilized sand reservoirs, operators have historically had to drill multiple sidetracks and the utility of drilling pilot holes to reduce depth uncertainty was of particular concern. Pilot holes in injectite reservoirs have seen variable success, as the positional information obtained can only be extrapolated over short distances due to rapid changes in reservoir form and stratigraphic position. The complex 3D architecture of injectites also poses challenges in drilling horizontal wells, leading to difficulties in optimizing well placement, with an increased risk of having to carry out a geological sidetrack, and an increased risk of sidetrack failure due to missing reservoir or shale instability. Moreover, pilot holes and sidetracks come with their own drilling challenges, be it technical or financial.

To help de-risk these challenges, Premier Oil selected the Deep Directional Resistivity (DDR) logging while drilling tool to map and to help understand these complex injectite reservoirs. With a depth of investigation of up to and in excess of 30m (100ft) TVD from the wellbore, the service enabled the Premier Oil and Schlumberger Well Placement team to map the injectites complex external geometries and internal architectural features in real-time. Being able to resolve the form of the injectite reservoir in real-time provided the team the ability to use this wellbore-to-reservoir scale information to tie the position of the reservoir to the seismic data. From this it has been possible to forward project wellpaths and make informed geosteering decisions as wells drill ahead and new data is acquired. This ability to map and proactively geosteer, both on landing and within reservoirs in real-time, has helped Premier Oil to avoid both pilot holes and geological sidetracks.

In this paper three case studies are showcased. The first case demonstrates how the requirement of a pilot hole was eliminated by using the DDR technology. The second and third case studies illustrate the quantitative assessment of sidetrack risking and how data collected during drilling enabled optimum well placement via azimuthal geosteering and hence the avoidance of a possible sidetrack during the horizontal reservoir sections.
Precise Reservoir Navigation in a Highly Layered Reservoir, Cygnus, UK SNS
Authors: Dredge Ian , Simpkin Keren , Hart Nick , Watson Kim , Catto Ross , Kerr Adrian , Taggart Samantha , Gerick Eva , Wilding-Steele Joseph , Bisain Amarjit , Perna Ferdinando , Bower Mike
Published: August 2017

The Cygnus gas field is being developed by ENGIE E&P UK Limited in the UK Southern North Sea and is one of the largest discoveries in the Southern North Sea in the last 30 years. The field has two gas bearing reservoirs in the Carboniferous Lower Ketch Member of the Ketch Formation and the Permian Lower Leman sandstone. The Lower Leman Sandstone is the main reservoir target for 7 of the 10 wells in the development. The Lower Leman Sandstone is highly layered comprising fluvial influenced playa shoreline facies. The better reservoir quality intervals are restricted to thinly bedded laterally extensive sand rich intervals related to drier climatic events. Through utilization of reservoir navigation LWD tools the production wells have preferentially targeted these better quality thin intervals in order to maximize well productivity. To geosteer in these sands provided several challenges such as uncertainty in dip and the presence of sub-seismic faults. Furthermore the reservoir shows only subtle variations in log response from Gamma Ray and resistivity tools. This made correlations with offset well data difficult. As a result, the integration of information from multiple LWD tools and types of analysis was required to delineate the geological structure and to identify the stratigraphic position of the trajectory in order to place the well in the target interval. The key data sources for the leman productions wells have been the correlation to offset data, real-time Density images and utilization of Deep Directional Azimuthal Resistivity's. The limit of the Deep Directional Resistivity tool was tested due to the very low resistivity contrast reservoir (commonly 1-2 Ohm.m) but the data has still been utilized during geosteering operations. The quality of the density image data has also allowed for a real-time True Stratigraphic Thickness (TST) calculation service to be provided where extra stratigraphic control was required.

Five of the Leman production wells have been successfully drilled and completed with results that were at the high end of expectations. This will contribute to maximizing the productivity for the field.

In this paper the case studies showcased will demonstrate the Geosteering methodology utilized in this complex reservoir. For ENGIE, these examples demonstrate the value of investing in technologies for acquiring multiple data sets for successfully Geosteering in challenging geological settings.