bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El contencioso de interpretación en materia fiscal y administrativa. Un modelo de justicia para México
Authors: Núñez Cué Marco Aurelio
Published: July 2016

El autor esboza sus reflexiones acerca de la conveniencia de la implementación en México del contencioso de interpretación en materia fiscal y administrativa, en la vía de recurso directo de interpretación, haciendo notar las ventajas y beneficios que dicho procedimiento proporcionaría a la justicia administrativa federal mexicana.
Paraísos fiscales: una línea de contradicción entre la formalidad y la materialidad
Authors: Marulanda Otálvaro Hugo , Heredia Rodríguez Liliana
Published: July 2016

Organismos internacionales como la OCDE, la UE, el G7/G8 y el G20 han adelantado diversos estudios y trabajos para combatir y evitar la proliferación de vehículos fiscales opacos o fraudulentos como las prácticas fiscales perniciosas, los regímenes fiscales preferenciales y, en especial, los paraísos fiscales, todo ello con el ánimo de prevenir la erosión de la base imponible y la disminución de la recaudación fiscal que se ocasiona por el traslado de los beneficios empresariales a jurisdicciones de baja o nula tributación. Sin embargo, estos esfuerzos se han quedado bajo la línea de la formalidad, puesto que en la línea de la materialidad persisten la planificación fiscal agresiva, el secreto bancario y la opacidad en el intercambio de información financiera y tributaria.
Caracterización de Phytophthora nicotianae causante de tizón de vinca en áreas urbanas y viveros de ornamentales en Culiacán, México
Authors: Álvarez-Rodríguez Brando , Carrillo-Fasio José Armando , García-Estrada Raymundo Saúl , Allende-Molar Raúl , Santos-Cervantes María Elena
Published: July 2016

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron obtener y caracterizar, mediante técnicas morfológicas y moleculares, aislados de Phytophthora asociados con tizón en plantas de vinca en áreas urbanas y viveros en Culiacán, México, determinar los tipos de compatibilidad sexual y evaluar la patogenicidad de los aislados. Los aislados desarrollaron micelio cenocítico y colonias algodonosas de color blanco en agar V8; clamidosporas (20 μm) intercalares y terminales, y esporangios papilados redondos a ovales (34.16 μm y 26.35 μm). Los aislados fueron heterotálicos: 21 del tipo de compatibilidad A1 y 18 del tipo A2. Un grupo de aislados representativos mostraron patogenicidad y causaron incidencia de tizón en vinca entre 13 y 66 %. La identidad de los aislados se confirmó por análisis de secuencias nucleotídicas de las regiones ITS y de los genes nucleares factor de elongación (TEF-1α) y beta tubulina (β-Tub). Las secuencias, comparadas con la base de datos del NCBI, mostraron alto grado de identidad con P. nicotianae (ITS, 98-100 %; TEF-1α, 99-100 %; βTub, 98-100 %) y se agruparon filogenéticamente con cepas de referencia. La utilización de oligonucleótidos específicos resultó en una amplificación positiva para los aislados evaluados. Este es uno de los pocos estudios relacionado con enfermedades en plantas ornamentales en áreas urbanas en México.
Corporate Governance And Sustainability In Italian Large-Scale Retail Companies
Authors: Riboldazzi Sabina
Published: July 2016

The growing complexity of today’s business systems due to the economic globalization has led to a substantial modification of current corporate governance principles and approaches. In particular, the application of good corporate governance principles has increasingly required a clear focus on sustainability, which minimizes risks and, at the same time, ensures a positive outlook for the future of the company itself. Through the analysis of corporate governance systems, this study deepens the link between corporate governance and sustainability in retail companies, with particular emphasis on the Italian grocery retail system. The study highlights that innovation and process efficiency, promoted and implemented by a governance that values fairness and transparency, allow retail companies to obtain consensus and resources, thereby triggering a virtuous circle of sustainable business development.
A Proposed Educational Vision For Activating The Role of The Jordanian Universities Students Families In Enhancing Students Intellectual Security From The Students Perspectives
Authors: Ahmad Rahamneh Khloud Falah , Hamed Al- Qudah Mohammed Amin
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to find out the role of the Jordanian families in establishing intellectual security in their children from the perspective of the Jordanian students enrolled in Jordanian universities. For this purpose, a questionnaire of 36 paragraphs was created. The questionnaire was divided into three domains: the social, the cultural and the religious domains. The study was conducted on a random sample of (2700) students from three public universities (the University of Jordan, Yarmouk University, Moa'ta University and Al-Balqa' Applied University) and three private universities (Amman Al-Ahliah, Azzaytouna al-Ordiniah and Jerash). The study was conducted during the second university term of 2015/2016 CE. The descriptive analytical approach was used. The study showed that the three domains (social, cultural and religious) were of high degree. The highest of them was the cultural domain. The two paragraphs which state (the family's quest to build a cultural system emerging from our religion, values, traditions and customs, consolidating the values of the theoretical and practical dimensions of moderation among children) occupied the first rank, followed by the social domain. The paragraph which states that (The family's doing its basic function of education and socialization) occupied the first rank, whereas the religious domain occupied the last one. The paragraph which states (The family's seeking to form the right belief at an early age) occupied the first rank.
Retail Concentration: The Shopping Streets
Authors: Passaro Pierluigi , Salomone Sergio , Petruzzellis Luca
Published: July 2016

Changes in consumer lifestyle strongly affect the retail demand, forcing the distribution system to reorganize and reposition its offer. Shopping proves to be a differentiating “activity”, given that buying behavior is even more characterized by psychological and emotional factors, thus the purchased goods and the stores patronized become lifestyle symbols. However, a dualism between the retail dynamic needs and the existing spatial conditions exists. The former, especially in the case of fashion and shopping goods, requires a strategic position as close to customers as possible, namely huge spaces, attractive locations where the consumer need for experience and entertainment is met. The latter could be modified gradually and partially, determining a location hierarchy that results from wider changes in politics, economy and society. Consequently, all cities are experiencing a renewal process in their shopping “spaces”; retailers are competing for a front space on the streets in order to gain more visibility – through huge and sparkling stores - and “label” their products through values, symbols, and emotional/entertaining experience. This paper investigates the spatial/territorial dimension of consumption, analyzing the concentration phenomenon among shops from the same sector or complementary ones. By exploiting agglomeration economies shops can be positioned in the consumers’ mind, firstly, with the street’s collective image and then with the shop’s specific image. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which shopping streets (also referred to as the high street, downtown or city centre) provide retail concentration.
An Assessment Of Parental Involvement In Learner Retention In Public Primary Schools Of Malindi Sub - County In Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Kirimi Josephine Kagwiria , Muteti Daudi Muthoka
Published: July 2016

Despite the Kenya government re-introducing free primary education, some school age children are still locked out of school whereas dropout and repetition continue to be pervasive. The study found out that retention rates in public primary schools in central zone of Malindi sub-county, Kenya had declined and the dropout rate was on the increase. The most prominent causes of the declining rates of access and retention of pupils in public primary schools in the zone were, illiteracy, poverty, early pregnancy, grade repetition and tourism activities. The study recommends that the government enforce adherence of the laid down policies to enhance learner retention in education. The government should also put up adult education centres to help improve literacy levels among parents.
A Proposed Systematic Framework for Applying Hoshin Kanri Strategic Planning Methodology in Educational Institutions
Authors: Ahmed Hanaa Ouda Khadri
Published: July 2016

Hoshin Kanri is a methodology that was developed in Japan in the late 1960s. Now, it has become an essential component in numerous institutions that are implementing new management systems and concepts such as Balanced Scorecard (BSC), TQM, and Lean Management or Six Sigma. Hoshin Kanri is a management method used for reinforcing strategic work. In spite of a number of Hoshin Kanri success stories in many sectors and a variety of institutions, little research attention has been given to the implementation of Hoshin Kanri methodology in educational institutions. This research supports an increased focus on Hoshin Kanri methodology in Strategic Planning for educational institutions. The main aim of this paper is to propose a systematic framework for applying Hoshin Kanri strategic planning methodology in educational institutions. In achieving this aim, the meaning and origins of Hoshin Kanri were defined, the foundations of Hoshin Kanri planning methodology were analyzed, the factors influencing the implementation of Hoshin Kanri planning in educational institutions were discussed, and a structured process for implementing Hoshin Kanri planning in educational institutions was developed.
Governance And Its Impact On Textile Companies
Authors: Garcia Vargas Ma. de Lourdes Elena , Sanchez Trujillo Magda Gabriela
Published: July 2016

From an economic perspective, the flaws and weaknesses of the government seem to be more evident because of situations such as vagueness of the boundaries between governments and public policies that make it harder work in an attempt to regulate activities of companies to generate small effective numbers and productive trade relations. To know the situation in the textile sector a diagnostic was carried out in 17 companies in production, technological development areas and university services, with an exploratory and quantitative study, and transeccional design. Afterwards were given a qualitative perspective with action research design when applying interviews with government representatives, and advisory councils, chambers of commerce to establish their participation in finding solutions in relations to the problems observed: distrust of the business sector programs offered by the government, minimal participation in training and innovation forums in Consultation Councils and in the decision-making process which prevent the sector increase its development.
Testing The Three Factor Model Of Fama And French: Evidence From An Emerging Market
Authors: Achola Nayema Kevin , Muri Peter W
Published: July 2016

This study tested the three factor model of Fama and French (1993) using the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) data using excess returns of six portfolios sorted by size and Book-to-Market Equity for the three factor model and size and trade concentration ratio for the augmented model. The study used daily stock prices for the period July 2004 to June 2014. Our results show that the predictions of the three factor model hold on NSE especially when the model is adjusted for thin trading. However, the premium is not statistically significant. Further, firms with high trade concentration posted higher returns than firms with low trade concentration during the study period.
Factors That Hinders Student’s Motivation – A Case Study Of Albania
Authors: Lila Bukurie
Published: July 2016

Not everyone can invent theories to change the world forever. However, everyone can use motivation to achieve personal success beginning from a young age. One of the most difficult and most important aspect of a teacher’s work is the student’s motivation. Students who are not motivated cannot learn effectively. They fail to take the information provided, and are not willing to participate in the lessons. Also, some of them may become problematic in the course of the learning process. The aim of this study is to show the role teachers should play with regards to the students, the methods that he should use, and the techniques and teaching strategies that teachers should use in the classroom so that students will be motivated. The study is focused on the high school classes. Thus, they are also the most problematic category to focus on learning if there are no good techniques to motivate them. The methodology followed in this work is qualitative and quantitative. We interviewed 15 high school teachers in Tirana Economic Technical School and had a survey of about 80 students of this school, classes 10, 11, and 12. The purpose of the theme is to identify the gaps that exist in the motivation of the students in the classroom. This study provides recommendations on how to use the process of motivation to meet the individual needs of each student and to increase their productivity. Therefore, this will result to a future generation of people who are eager to go to school.
The Influencing Effect Of Slogans In Segment Of Children
Authors: Szucs Robert Sandor
Published: July 2016

Nowadays children face lots of slogans every single day. A good slogan generates feelings. Of course these feelings, brand names and slogans can be placed in mind of children by marketing experts. The remember rate of slogans is shockingly high, higher than is case of their parents. We can state that well-placed slogans play a very important role in influencing of children. All of these contribute to the development of brand loyalty, which – if it develops during childhood – can last an entire lifetime. My primary research (sample size is 1222 children) shows the remember rate of slogans and brand names in case of different foods with high level of fat-, sugarand/or salt content.
Saldo Comercial De Productos Por Habitante De México, 2001-2014. Un Comparativo Con La Región APEC
Authors: Tello Antonio Favila , Torres América Ivonne Zamora
Published: July 2016

Trade balance per capita is one of the international trade indicators that experts frequently use to evaluate a country’s performance in trade and evaluate its commercial policies. Exports, imports and the trade balance per capita of the 21 APEC countries were calculated for the 2001-2014 period in order to observe and evaluate its recent evolution, especially for the Mexican case. The data used only covered merchandises according to their value in US dollars at constant prices of 2014. Results suggest the existence of trade surpluses in extractive economies such as Brunei, Papua New Guinea and Russia. The exponential growth of exports from Vietnam and China is also demonstrated as well as the outstanding international business activity in Singapore and Hong Kong (which in per capita indicators outweighed all of the other members of APEC). Conditions of trade deficit are detected for powerful economies such as United States and Japan. On the other hand, Mexico shows a balanced condition in this indicator, an important and growing automotive industry and a noteworthy dependence on the US economy.
Comparative Study Of Students‘ Approaches And Strategies To Learning: Implications For Counselling
Authors: Tijani Fatimah Y. , Abimbola O. Grace , Jane Namusoke , Adeyemi T.S , Egbekunle Emmanuel A , Kehinde E.O
Published: July 2016

The researchers compared students’ approaches and strategies to learning in two African countries viz.; Nigeria and Uganda. Using a descriptive survey, fifty students, who were enrolled in the year 2012/2013 in guidance and counselling and computer science respectively, were sampled from the population. The students offered an ICT course separately in 200 level in the different institutions. The instrument used was the Approaches to study skills inventory (ASSIST) and the three hypotheses were postulated and tested. The results of the t-test analysis show that the null hypothesis was not statistically significant when using the strategic approach (t = 1.037, 1.056); p > .05 and the deep approach to learning of students in Nigeria and Uganda (t = -0.278, -0.279); p > .05. The second hypotheses revealed a no statistically significant difference in the Nigerian and Ugandan preferences for different types of courses in teaching and learning while the third hypothesis shows a significant correlation between a deep approach to learning and learning that supports understanding (r=.407; p <.001). It is recommended that lecturers need to accommodate their students’ individual differences in the teaching and learning process considering that most of the classes in higher institutions of learning are large for the prevalent part. Additionally, discussions on possible implications for counselling are discussed in the paper.
Corporate Governance Failure: The Case Of Enron And Parmalat
Authors: Dibra Rezart
Published: July 2016

Corporate governance is a central and dynamic aspect of business. The term governance is derived from the latin word gubernare, meaning to steer. It usually applies to the steering of a ship. Thus, this implies that corporate governance involves the function of direction rather than control. Corporate governance has come to the forefront of academic research due to the vital role it plays in the overall health of economic systems. Corporate governance was long ignored as a matter of potential importance for the development of a nation’s economy. The wave of U.S. corporate fraud in the 1990s was attributed to deficiencies in corporate governance. The recent 2008-2009 global financial crisis, triggered by the unprecedented failure of Lehman Brothers and the subprime mortgage problems, renewed interest on the role of corporate governance in the financial sector. The development of a strong corporate governance framework is important to protect stakeholders, maintain investor confidence in the transition countries, and attract foreign direct investment. This paper looks at the collapse of Enron and the Parmalat, which was a particular Italian scandal. Parmalat, Enron, and other American firms such as Tyco and WorldCom all have a number of fudging at their core – efforts to make the companies look healthier than they were. Parmalat’s collapse began in November when its auditor raised questions about a $135 million derivatives profit. After additional evidence of accounting misstatements, the company’s chief executive and founder, Calisto Tanzi, resigned on the 15th of December. Four days later, the company disclosed the fake Bank of America letter. On the 23rd of December, Italian investigators stated that the company had used dozens of offshore companies to report non-existent assets to offset themselves. This was as much as $11 billion in liabilities. Also, this is in addition to the fact that Parmalat might have been falsifying its accounting figures for as long as 15 years.
Government Spending, Corruption and Output Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Olarewaju F. Ogunlana
Published: July 2016

This study used the works of Barro(1990), Bakare(2011), and Dissou and Yakautsava (2011) to establish the relationship between government spending, corruption and output growth in Nigeria. It employed aggregated data from 1980 to 2011. Using the Johansen Maximum Likelihood procedure and error correction mechanism, the study showed that the estimates of money supply, capital formation, openness to trade and innovation system positively influenced output growth while unemployment and domestic debt affected output negatively. Public investment as a percentage of GDP and corruption influenced adversely output growth. The paper recommends that corruption tilts public spending away from growth enhancing projects and towards low and less productive ones.
An Assessment Of The Use, Benefits And Challenges Of The ‘Cash–Lite’ Policy, For Construction Projects In Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeokoli Fidelis Okechukwu , Ugochukwu Stanley Chukwudi , Agu Nathan Ndubuisi , Akabogu Samuel Chukwujekwu
Published: July 2016

The introduction of the ‘Cash-Lite; a cashless policy, by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2011 has changed the modus operandi of the construction industry. This is because the industry is one of the few industries that deal mostly with cash. Hence, this study is aimed at examining the development and implementation of the Nigerian ‘Cash-Lite’ policy, with a view to ascertain its effects on construction practice. The study examined 300 construction stakeholders using questionnaires. Data obtained from these sources was analysed using charts, table of frequency, mean scores and Ztest. However, the data analysis was aided by a computer database software packages - SPSS Statistic. The study observed that the integration of cashless policy into construction work will boost productivity/construction output via reducing the rate of visit to banks, reducing theft/corruption, reducing project time and encourage prompt settlement of transaction. In addition to this, the study observed that the structure of the industry encourages the integration of this policy to construction but security (cyber theft), lack of knowledge, cost of installation and operation, reliability of the service and supporting services and low public acceptance are the major challenges affecting its adoption in construction. Finally, the study recommends that construction workers and other construction stakeholders should be properly sensitized on the use of cashless tools.
Academic Leadership And Organizational Commitment In Public Universities Of Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Asaari Muhammad Hasmi Abu , Dwivedi Ashish , Lawton Alan , Desa Nasina Mat
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between academic leadersip and organisational commitment. The independent variable, academic leadership, is formed by visionary, adaptable to change, competency, effective leadership, transformational style, and charisma while the dependent variable is organisational commitment. A total of 251 questionnaires were obained from faculty members of public universities in Malaysia, which yielded a response rate of 41.8%. The results reveal that academic leadership, namely adaptable to change, transformational style and charisma, are significantly and positively related to organisational commitment. Theoretically, this paper contributes to the literature on academic leadership and organizational commitment. Practically, top management of public universities should consider trainings and courses on change, transformation, and charisma that boost academic leadership of faculty members. In conclusion, this paper reveals the importance of change, transformation, and charisma as factors of academic leadership in affecting organisational commitment of faculty members of public universities in Malaysia.
Logistics Aspects Of Transport Modalities On The Exports Of Raw Sugar
Authors: Soliani Rodrigo Duarte , Guedes Pedro Paulo de Souza
Published: July 2016

This work aims to present the current scenario of the Brazilian raw sugar export logistics, focusing on transportation, pointing out the benefits of intermodal road-rail in the flow of bulk sugar from mills to the Port of Santos. The study analyzes the evolution of modes of transportation and new investments focused on port infrastructure. It is possible to notice throughout the work that most of the investments in the area comes from private business groups seeking partnerships to improve competitiveness for the sector, such as Rumo Logística and America Latina Logística, which holds the largest concession and rail network in the state. The state of São Paulo currently offers transshipment options warehouses located in its territory and can meet the demand of the sugar mills to flow their product. It could be identified that the existence of a logistical planning well done using these two modes (road and rail) can guarantee competitive prices, load security and a transit time that does not compromise the receipt of the goods at the port, which historically suffer from the accumulation of vehicles, and is a great alternative for reducing air pollutants, with the reduction of vehicles circulating on the roads.
A Study On Corporate Governance And Performance Effect Of Institutional Investors
Authors: Min Cheng
Published: July 2016

Recently with rapid growth of China's institutional investors, they are gradually becoming the dominant force in capital market. At the same time they start exerting influence on corporate governance and affecting corporate performance. Many previous studies have shown institutional investors’ holdings are positively correlated to corporate performance. However there are still many studies holding opposite opinions. This article further studies how institutional investors influence corporate performance and whether they have effects on corporate governance. On the whole, we come to the conclusion that participation of institutional investors promotes the improvement of corporate performance. These conclusions provide theoretical and practical guidance to future development of institutional investors.
Estudio Descriptivo Sobre La Influencia De Las Variables Personales Y El Fracaso Escolar En La Ciudad Autónoma De Melilla
Authors: Estrada de Madariaga Mª del Mar , Trujillo Torres D. Juan Manuel
Published: July 2016

The analysis of this study has been approached through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first is personal and academic data. The second part of the questionnaire contains 46 items. It is a Likert scale of four alternatives. For the statistical treatment of the data it was used SPSS v.21 for Windows. For the two-dimensional descriptive statistical analysis it was used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis programs. The most relevant contributions, in which the theoretical framework of this research is based, have been the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2014 (DSM-5); Educational Law, especially that related to diversity, as well as the different contributions of studies and doctoral theses related to the investigation. From this study, intervention proposals and new lines of research will be carried out in order to reduce the high rate of failure and early school dropout in this city.
The Challenges Of Vocational Education In Albania
Authors: Sela Ermira
Published: July 2016

Education is seen as one of the main instruments for the development of the individual and the economic growth of a country. In particular, vocational education with its practical components is a very important tool in this. One of his objectives is to contribute to the fight against young unemployment by increasing their skills level. Even in Albania, the employment of this category and their qualifications are problems that require solutions. At this point, we stress that VET is the kind of education for which Albania has already need because it represents an important factor to deal with these issues. This work tries to give an overview of the various challenges that VET system in Albania is facing. The method used has been qualitative. The data has been gathered from official sources with reference to enforcement of educational policies.
Investment Bank Reputation and IPO Qualifications
Authors: Li Yubo
Published: July 2016

This study examines the influence of investment bank’s reputation and political connection on the IPO qualification of Chinese firms. The results show that firms which are sponsored by prestigious investment banks are more likely to pass the regular screening process. Also, the investment bank’s political connections have no significant impact on the IPO qualification. Furthermore, we compared the various investment banks’ customer’s characteristic. Thus, the results show that the customers of prestigious investment banks have more large-scale, are high growth companies, and are more central enterprises. This indicates that high reputation investment banks tend to choose low risk and high growth prospective IPO companies in order to avoid damage to the reputation.
College of Education Graduate Tracer Study (GTS): Boon or Bane?
Authors: T. Rojas Teresita , C. Rojas Rey
Published: July 2016

This study traced the employment profile of Cebu Technological University, Main Campus-College of Education (CTU MC CoE) graduates, from 2005-2009. Mix methods of descriptive survey method and thematic analysis were used to trace their status of employment, with the use of questionnaire and personal interviews. Data were analyzed of simple percentages and chi-square for significance of relationship. Illuminating were extrapolated and numbered. It aimed to: ascertain the profile of graduates; determine a relationship between their present occupation and the course they finished; and identify the cooperating industries/institution that employed BEEd and BSEd graduates. The CTU MC CoE graduates were proven to proficient and competent to be employable in the government schools as revealed in the 7 illuminating themes, thus resulted in boon opportunities. High school teachers predominate on the track than the elementary teachers with a negligible difference. The CTU mandate, as cascaded in its vision-mission, prepared graduates for the field of work, with personality that matters compared than other predetermined factors. Academic preparation and career performance exhibited signification of successful teaching employment in the public school.
Bad Debt Influence On The Sustainability Of The Economy Of The Country
Authors: Grigonyte Ingrida
Published: July 2016

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of late commercial payments in business, measured by the EPI index, on the main socio-economic development indicators. Data sources include Eurostat data and annual reports of Intrum Justitia OY. The data used in the research refers to Lithuania. The method of stepwise regression analysis was chosen to test the hypothesized relationship because its parameters have a clear economic interpretation. The study found unfavourable influence of late commercial payments in business on certain socio-economic indicators of the country. This leads to the conclusion that a certain amount of late commercial debts in business can have a significant influence on the economic sustainability of the country. It is necessary to make a deeper/wider research to estimate the influence of late commercial payments on different economic and social indicators as well as measure the magnitude of the influence more precisely. In the absence of similar scientific research, this study provides an insight into the problematic situation of businesses and the influence of this situation on the economic sustainability of the country.
The Role Of The Development Of Small Business And Private Entrepreneurship In The Provision Of Employment: A Case Study Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ziyadullayevich Ibrgagimov Lutfullo
Published: July 2016

This study focuses on the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in the provision of employment for the teaming population of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is one of the main indicators used in identifying not only the economic situation of the people, but also the lifestyle of the people, especially where they live. One of the main issues affecting the program of employment of the population and in organizing new replacements in Uzbekistan is in paying attention as global tasks of small business and enterprise. However, this aims to increase the role of farm activity, sevice, social and market infrastructure, and the development of other beneficiary types of employment. In this article, the main characteristics of the development of small business were stated. In addition, one of the major problems of the employment of the population was also outlined.
Sexual Harassment, Assault, and Rape: College Students Report Their Experiences
Authors: Yzurdiaga Madeline , Payne Keisha E. , Rabow Jerome
Published: July 2016

This paper reviews current research regarding sexual harassment, assault, and rape and its consequences. We examine different populations in varied settings and at different ages. We supplement this analysis with personal vignettes from college students who recall how and when their harassment and assaults occurred. Their experiences are shown to affect their views on gender, and gender relations.
A Life Dedicated to Support a Family Meal: The Women Trisikad Drivers’ Story
Authors: Villaganas Adora A. , Giango Wilma C. , Basubas Elvisa O. , Villaganas Victor
Published: July 2016

The study determined the fantasies and aspirations of women trisikad drivers in Cebu City, Philippines. Specifically, the study aimed to: determine the personal profile of women trisikad drivers in Pasil, Taboan, and San Nicolas, Cebu City, examine the factors that influence their lives, extrapolate lived experiences that promote women’s decisiveness and access to economic resources. The study utilized a case study design with narrative descriptions of the primary respondents. The data generated were clustered, coded, and metaphorical themes were illuminated. Life of women trisikad drivers was dedicated to support a family meal, being a co-equal with their husbands. Living an impoverished life ‘starved like a rat’ in order to meet both ends meet. Their assertive fantasies proved that they were normal individuals who felt like: ‘a superwoman that finds her way out at the end of the tunnel’, empowered and took control over scarce resources, ‘a blooming lily under the 49 degrees heat of a tropical summer’, struggled poverty, and ‘a mother hen protecting their chicks from a gliding skyline hawk’, raised an income for children’s survival. Their life-changing aspirations included: ‘chasing ice castles in the air’, never met the normal Cindrella life syndrome, ‘buoyant force that makes the boat sail to its final destination, with their husbands as the propeller’, gained support by their husbands, and ‘newly hibernated amphibians in a hostile ecosystem’, despised the strain of gender stereotyping. Their lived experiences characterized in ‘painful joy’ because of their minimal income, ‘serving as an army of ants’, chased equally with their male counterparts just to bring food on the table, and ‘being the winds beneath their husbands’ wings’, assured by their husbands’ love and protection. Though, their economic status is a ‘scratching and pecking condition’, earned typically in day-to-day subsistence with hope.
Etude Des Déterminants Du Refus De L’autopsie En Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Antoine Okpo Nassoua
Published: July 2016

This study puts in evidence the refusal determinants of autopsy in Ivory Coast. One questionnaire and interviews allowed to understand that the theory of cultural transmission exposes the influence of beliefs and values of membership group on individual and collective motivations. The ignorance of autopsy, the research disinterest of death cause and beliefs and cultural values to respect human person and body integrity are principal determinant factors of autopsy refusal in Ivory Coast.
Les Algues Indicatrices De L'eutrophisation Et De La Contamination De La Lagune De Korba (Cap Bon Tunisie)
Authors: R . Rahmouni , S. Bouden , W. Oueslati , A. Sbei , F. Chaabani
Published: July 2016

The concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Pb and Mn) were determined in two green algae (Enteromorpha intestinalis and Chaetomorpha Linium) collected from April 2012 to February 2013 in nine stations characterized by the abundance of these algae throughout the year. Determination of Pb, Mn and Zn was carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer while Fe by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (using the Thermo Scientific ICE 3300 AA Spectrometer). An evaluation of the degree of eutrophication is made through the physicochemical study of 31 samples in the surface water. The results underline that Korba is an eutrophic lagoon. The heavy metal concentrations in the water samples decreased in the sequence of Fe >Zn > Mn > Pb, while in Chaetomorpha Linium, Enteromorpha intestinalis and sediment exhibited the same pattern across the sites: Fe >Mn> Zn >Pb. The results show that metal accumulation capacity in both macro-algae varies according to the season and depends on the species. By comparison with other studies in the world, the levels found in the algae of Korba lagoon are relatively high except Mn. Chaetomorpha Linium could be used as an excellent indicator for heavy metals accumulation in Korba lagoon.
Turismo Comunitario, Alternativa De Desarrollo Turístico Estudio De Caso: Turismo Rural Comunitario Para La Parroquia Cacha, Cantón Riobamba, Provincia De Chimborazo – Ecuador
Authors: Baquero Juan Carlos Carrasco , Janeta Laura Beatriz Sucuy , Velásquez Carlos Renato Chávez
Published: July 2016

Ecuador is recognized as a country with the richest biodiversity on the planet, especially in relation to its size. For its variety of natural and cultural settings, it is even considered a magical place. Tourism is currently an activity that is generating considerable foreign income and employment for Ecuador, as well as maintaining and restoring cultural traditions and natural areas in sustainable ways. Rural, community-based tourism is one form that attempts to integrate community members with tourists in an intercultural setting, while ensuring sufficient management of the experience that natural resources, heritage values and cultural rights are preserved. In Chimborazo, a larger percentage of the indigenous population than in any other province is engaged in community-based tourism, creating experiences that complement tourist visits to natural attractions. Within this context is the rural parish of Cacha, with its unique natural landscapes and rich history, considered the origin of the Great Puruwá Nation. Following a market study on generating community-based tourism in Cacha, we conclude that the concept has wide local acceptance and that there is a high demand among tourists who would be interested in learning about this region and enjoying its benefits. Additionally, marketing tourist products assists communities in maintaining their traditions and motivates young people to generate new economic activity.
Pratiques Festives Des Brouteurs En Côte d'Ivoire Entre Ritualisation De La Fête Et Categorisation Sociale Du Cybercriminel
Authors: Ladji Bamba , Bazare Raymond Nébi
Published: July 2016

This article aims to explain the social categorization mechanism that governs the world of cybercriminals. It is therefore a practical review of the "grazer" including festive practices (sex, alcohol, psychotropic, etc.) that the ethnographic approach allowed to do. The analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data, put light on the complexity of the social processes of the Ivorian typologisation cybercriminal and festive practices related thereto. Thus the daily "bulldozer" and the ritualistic nature of existing social practices were observed over one year (February 2012 - January 2013), among 250 respondents of which 100 criminals on all 10 districts of Abidjan. This allowed to go to the evidence that festive practices are the ends pursued scams grazers. They determine their belonging to a category of cybercriminals while strengthening the perpetuation of scams on the web activities.
Variation Saisonnière De La Qualité Physico-Chimique Des Eaux Souterraines Des Aquifères d’Altérites Du Département d’Agboville (Sud-Est De La Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Orou Rodrigue Kotchi , Soro Gbombélé , Soro Drissa Tanina , Fossou Rosine Marie N’guessan , Onetie Oscar Zahibo , Ahoussi Ernest Kouassi , Soro Nagnin
Published: July 2016

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal quality to explain the phenomena at the origin of the mineralization of groundwater in the department of Agboville. Hydrochemical analysis was performed in 24 wells located throughout the study area. Hydrochemical different methods and techniques of multivariate statistical analysis were used to study these waters. The physicochemical analyzes show that the water is acidic with an average pH of 6.09 in the rainy season and 6.29 in the dry season. Overall, these waters are soft and slightly mineralized with an average electrical conductivity of 172.92 μS / cm in the rainy season and 196.71 μS / cm in the dry season. These waters are mineralized in the dry season than rainy. The hydrochemical classification of water from the Piper diagram showed one hydrofacies is calcium chloride-facies. Quality chemical parameters are mostly below the WHO (2011) guideline values, except for some points (29.17%) where levels of nitrites and ammonium sometimes exceed the guide values. The various processes responsible for the acquisition of the chemistry of groundwater are studied: the residence time of water in contact with the host rock, the redox infiltration of substances linked to human activities and litter decomposition. In the mineralization mechanisms, hydrolysis of silicates is the dominant process.
The Kosovo War In The British Parliament Talks In 1999
Authors: Lufi Simon , Nilaj Marsel
Published: July 2016

The Kosovo War in the 1990s was one among a series of wars in the former Yugoslav federation. It was the final war that ended the dissolution which had started with Slovenia from1990 to 1991, Croatia and Bosnia - Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 and the Kosovo War from 1998 to 1999. However, the Kosovo war happened during a different situation and period. It was at a time and in a position to cause the domino effect in the Balkans and an outbreak of wars in a large part of the Balkans. This fight could include Albania and Macedonia as nations with an ethnic Albanian population. It could also have a religious or cultural impact that threatened to involve other states such as Bosnia and Turkey on the one hand and Greece on the other. The interest of major countries in Europe, as well as the world, was focused on this war. A country among them was the UK. As one of the founding states of the European Union, United Nations, and NATO, the UK was quite involved in this war. The UK and the US were two countries that became the political and military leadership in this struggle since its beginning, while reaching a peak in 1999. This situation involved talks in the British Parliament in the UK, especially the House of Lords where the decision-making aspect of parliamentary politics is achieved. The war was also a major concern for the parliament. On the one hand, it was important to resolve the situation in Kosovo without worsening it with other massacres. On the other hand, this situation required caution in dealing with the Serbian people. The destiny of Kosovo refugees was important to them. However, the future of the Serbian people in Kosovo had to be guaranteed. The most important thing was to obtain full autonomy for Kosovo, but also to achieve a bilateral cooperation from both countries. The House of Lords and the interest of some lords in this war made the British policy, as a whole, a lot more responsible for accomplishing what it had started since diplomacy regarding weapons and the military intervention used to manage the situation of refugees in Kosovo had a huge impact in Europe. The British parliamentary sessions were very crucial in leading to an international level this whole historical phase for Kosovo.
Multinational Corporations: Corporate Social Responsibility versus Environmental Problems
Authors: Chilwalo Michelo
Published: July 2016

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a subject of major concern and discussion in today’s world. The need for the local people to benefit from their resources is a noble gesture, which those involved in extracting their resources should uphold if poverty is to be addressed among millions affected by the scourge. This paper aimed to understand Multinational Corporation’s (MNCs) role in promoting CSRvis-à-visenvironmental problems arising from their operations in selected parts of the world. The study mainly generated and used qualitative data through desk review of literature on MNCs involved in agriculture, logging, pharmaceuticals and extractive industries such as minerals, gas and oil. The study revealed that hitherto, local people’s needs have remained unheededby MNCs, their rights are being violated and their environments have undergone irreparable damages. The realisation of all human rights: civil and political rights, social, economic and cultural rights, and the collective-developmental rights, the right to the clean environment, which every nation involved in any economic activity should achieve have been elusive in communities which are richly endowed with natural resources at the expense of profit maximisation by the MNCs in a bid to further enhance their economic might. This has resulted in massive suffering for the locals where MNCs operate or have abandoned their activities after depleting the resources without leaving any tangible infrastructure such as clinics, schools, roads, recreation facilities, and piped water.
Diagnose Sexuelle Des Os Coxaux Archéoanthropologiques Issus De L’amas Coquillier De Songon Kassemblé Au Sud-Est De La Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Daouda Coulibaly
Published: July 2016

Since 2008, some surfaces gatherings have been done on the archaeological shells middens of Songon Kassemblé in Ivory Coast. As a result, several pieces of anthropological bones have been collected. Each collection with a minimum of three individuals, contains some skulls, some longs bones of the uppers and the inferiors members, and some hips bones. These bones are the main material for experimentation. In fact, determing the sex is the purpose of this work. To do so, firstly we will estimate the age of the hips bone owners at the time of their death. Secondly morphoscopical and morphometrical methods has been used. The results are, the sex of three hips bone owners is female and the last one sex is indeterminate.
Étude de la Performance du Dispositif de Traitement des Eaux UsÉes par Boues ActivÉes de la ville d’Al- Hoceima, Maroc
Authors: Dimane Fouad , Haboubi Khadija , Hanafi Issam , El Himri Abdelouahad
Published: July 2016

Morocco has taken over the desire to ensure sustainable development and to promote the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater. In this context, several sewage treatment plants were created, in order to protect the environment from direct discharges of wastewater, and to hope for the reuse of treated wastewater. The use of Activated sludge process in treating the wastewater has been the solution to many problems. In order to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plant of the city of Al-Hoceima (North of Morocco). We studied the physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters; we carried out a series of measures such as: temperature, pH and conductivity, the biochemical oxygen demand BOD5, the chemical oxygen demands COD, fecal coliforms (FC) and total coliforms (TC). Measurement of the BOD5, COD and TSS yields values give respectively 96%, 95% and 85%. The tests showed that the treated water can be obtained with a quality complying with the agricultural reuse.
Exploitation Minière, Facteur De Recompositions Socio-Economiques Dans La Sous-Préfecture De Hiré (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Nicolas Kouadio Kouassi
Published: July 2016

Expected as a development opportunity, the construction of the mine of Bonikro (sub-prefecture of Hiré), has led to significant changes in the life of the local communities. In an initial context marked by a dynamic economy focused on agriculture, the implantation of the mining industry has not only generated new opportunities, but also economic constraints in the face of which local communities have developed adaptation strategies which have led locally to socio-economic reconstruction. The present study attempts to reveal these new behaviors and to analyze the logic which underlies them.