bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of 3d clothing digitization system based on distributed data and image recognition algorithm
Authors: Jin Yu , Lu Zhenbang , Yi Zhiwei
Published: May 2023

The advent of the era of big data and the rapid improvement of computer technology have pushed the development of image recognition technology in a more advanced direction. Image recognition technology based on convolutional neural networks has become the subject of artificial intelligence research, and its excellent performance has been widely known. At the same time, this paper implements a distributed data index system based on the bitmap index of network data packets. By analyzing the management technology of the index system in the distributed database, the concept, characteristics, classification and usage principles of the index system in the distributed database are discussed. Analyze the index system in the distributed database design. In this article, we will use different ratios of convolution kernels to obtain parallel features, and combine the features extracted from different ratios. In order to further improve the accuracy, the image recognition performance of Caltech-256 and Food-101 datasets is estimated by adding a composite layer to optimize image recognition. The results show that compared with the traditional AlexNet image recognition, the accuracy of RPCNet based on the connection layer is increased by 6.12% and 12.28%, and the recognition range is only 1/15 of ALexNet. National costume is an important part of Chinese costume. As a kind of intangible cultural heritage, national costume is an important material for studying history, culture, folk customs and beliefs. After thousands of years of inheritance, the phoenix pattern has been firmly attached to humans. This article uses the phoenix pattern of a certain ethnic group as the research object. Combining field research and literature data, we conducted in-depth research on specific phoenix patterns, analyzed the aesthetic and cultural value, optimized the phoenix patterns of a certain nation, and systematically optimized modern clothing design.
Effect of the TT and AM approaches in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on femoral tunnel and efficacy analysis
Authors: Liu Yi , Jiang Shu , Zhang Wen-qiang , Jiang Hong-yu , Sun Tao , Zhang Ming , Meng Hong-zheng
Published: May 2023

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy, location and length of the femoral tunnel, graft angle, and radiographic findings between the transtibial tunnel (TT) approach and the anteromedial (AM) approach in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructionMethods From September 2020 to December 2021, prospectively, 86 consecutive patients who met the criteria for ACL reconstruction were prospectively included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, TT group and am group, according to the computer-generated sequence. Finally, a total of 45 patients were included in the TT group and 41 patients in the AM group. All patients were assessed for knee clinical function using the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and at last follow-up. Anteroposterior and rotational stability of the knee were assessed by the Lachman test, axial shift test, and rotarod. The location of the femoral tunnel was evaluated within 1 week postoperatively using CT three-dimensional reconstruction combined with the Bernard quadrant method. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI of the knee was performed 1 year after surgery to assess graft tone, morphology, and signal and was graded. The angle between the graft and the joint line was measured.Results Follow up ranged from 15 to 36 months with a mean (SD) of 23.76 ± 5.63. Both procedures resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction, and no patients in either group developed intra-articular infection, graft fracture, and joint stiffness during follow-up. At the last follow-up, the Lysholm, IKDC, Lachman and pivot shift tests were significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared to their preoperative values in both groups, and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The JGS and JGC angles in the TT group were significantly larger than those in the AM group (P < 0.05). CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the femoral tunnel center position of the AM approach was lower and deeper than that of the TT approach, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Graft MRI grade after TT approach was superior to am approach (P < 0.05).Conclusion There were no significant differences between the AM approach and the TT approach in terms of knee clinical function and stability, but the femoral tunnels of the AM approach were located deeper and lower, and closer to the femoral anatomic foot print area of the anterior cruciate ligament. The TT approach was superior to the AM approach in postoperative radiographic grading of grafts.
Analysis of the association between Janus kinase inhibitors and malignant skin tumors using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Gao Ruonan , Li Li , wu bin , Wu Fengbo
Published: May 2023

Background Malignant skin tumor (MST) is one of the most concerning possible adverse events of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, while the risk of drug-related MST events remains unproven.Aim This study aimed to evaluate the association between JAK inhibitors and adverse events of MST and to characterize the main features of drug-related MSTs.Method Data (2012 to 2021) were collected using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Adverse event cases of JAK inhibitors as the primary suspected (PS) drug were extracted explicitly for further analysis. Disproportionality analysis evaluated the association between JAK inhibitors and MST events by estimating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the information component (IC) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Results A total of 142,673 cases with JAK inhibitors as a PS drug were collected from FAERS, including 1,400 cases of MST events. Ruxolitinib, upadacitinib, tofacitinib, and baricitinib were included in the disproportionality analysis. Three JAK inhibitors were associated with MST events, including ruxolitinib (ROR 5.40, 95%CI 5.03–5.81; IC 2.39, 95%CI 2.14–2.62), upadacitinib (ROR 4.79, 95%CI 4.03–5.71; IC 2.24, 95%CI 1.62–2.77), and tofacitinib (ROR 1.67, 95%CI 1.53–1.83; IC 0.73, 95%CI 0.43–1.02). The median time to onset of MST events was 378.5 days.Conclusion The data mining of FAERS suggested an association between MSTs and ruxolitinib, upadacitinib, and tofacitinib. More attention should be paid to MST events when prescribing JAK inhibitors in clinical practice.
Childhood-Onset ANCA- Associated Vasculitis: Single center experience from Central California
Authors: Singh Deepika , Sukumaran Sukesh
Published: May 2023

Background Childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare and characterized by necrotizing inflammation and include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Pediatric data is scare and there have been no prior studies examining the characteristics of pediatric AAV in Central California, which has a Hispanic majority population.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients ≤18 years of age diagnosed with AAV between 2010 and 2021, in Central California. We analyzed demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and initial outcomes.Results Of the 21 patients with AAV, 12 were categorized as MPA. Median age at diagnosis was 13.7 years in MPA cohort and 14 years in GPA. MPA cohort had significantly high proportion of females (92% versus 44%). Fifty seven percent of the cohort were racial/ethnic minority including Hispanics (n = 9), Asians (n = 2), and multiracial (n = 1) and 43% were white (n = 9). Hispanic patients were more frequently diagnosed with MPA (89%) and positive for myeloperoxidase antibody (100%). White patients more often were diagnosed with GPA (78%) and expressed PR-3 positivity (89%). Median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 14 days in MPA cohort and 21 days in GPA cohort. Renal involvement was frequent (100% in MPA and 78% in GPA). GPA cohort had more frequent ENT involvement (89%). MPA cohort tended towards more severe disease with 67% requiring ICU admission and 50% requiring dialysis. Two deaths were reported in MPA cohort, related to Aspergillus pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. In MPA cohort, 42% received cyclophosphamide in combination with steroids and 42% received Rituximab in combination with steroids. GPA patients received cyclophosphamide, either with steroids alone (78%) or in combination with steroids and Rituximab (22%).Conclusions Microscopic polyangiitis was the most frequent AAV subtype with female preponderance, shorter duration of symptoms at onset and higher proportion of racial/ ethnic minority patients. We observed more frequent MPO positivity in Hispanic children. Trends towards higher rates of ICU admission and dialysis was noted in MPA. Patients with MPA received Rituximab more frequently. Future prospective studies are needed to understand differences in childhood onset AAV between diverse racial-ethnic groups.
Incidentally Detected Porcelain Gallbladder in a Case of Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction: Case Report
Authors: Aggarwal Swati , Ohri Gunvi , Anand Madhur
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common entity and occurrence of porcelain gallbladder is relatively less common but concurrence of both the conditions in a single patient is extremely rare. We report our experience in managing this concurrence.
Case report: A 67 years old lady presented with adhesive small bowel obstruction and we found porcelain gallbladder on a plain radiograph of abdomen along with features of small bowel obstruction. The patient was resuscitated and stabilised. Written informed consent was sought for laparotomy and cholecystectomy and thereafter she was operated for the same. The postoperative period was uneventful and she was discharged home after a brief hospital stay.
Discussion: Recent literature gives conflicting evidence on cholecystectomy for incidentally detected porcelain gallbladder but in view of the premalignant potential, after informed consent cholecystectomy can be considered
Conclusion: This to the best of our knowledge happens to be the first such concurrence of these entities.
RRS1: an prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma from a comprehesive analysis
Authors: Chen Yongzhi , Li Zhuo , Liu Zhengkai , Yi Jianing , Peng Rui , Bai Dousheng
Published: May 2023

Background The regulator of ribosome synthesis 1 (RRS1) is a conserved nuclear protein in eukaryotes and is involved in the biological processes of a variety of tumors. However, its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been completely elucidated. Methods To clarify the prognostic and diagnostic value of RRS1 in HCC patients by studying the relevant data of RRS1. TCGA data and GSE14520 database were used to clarify the expression and prognostic value of RRS1 in HCC. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RRS1 in HCC were screened, and further enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Next, we investigated the ceRNA regulatory mechanism of RRS1 and the correlation of RRS1 expression with cuproptosis related genes, immune microenvironment and cell cycle signaling pathway. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of HCC tissue and normal liver tissue and cell proliferation assay of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were performed. Results In our study, we found that the RRS1 high expression is closely related to poor prognosis. The enrichment analysis founded that many DEGs were enriched in cell cycle, response to copper ion, and regulation of adaptive immune response. Studies on the regulatory mechanism of ceRNA network make cleared that RRS1 expression was up-regulated in HCC by SNHG3/hsa-miR-216a-5p/RRS1 axis. Moreover, RRS1 may affect the progression of HCC patients through adjusting cuproptosis related genes, immune microenvironment and cell cycle signaling pathway. Finally, I demonstrated that RRS1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation assay showed that RRS1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and HCC LM3. Conclusions Altogether, RRS1 can serve as a new prognostic and diagnosis biomarker for HCC patients, and RRS1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC.
A surgical first: Application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for endoscopic third ventriculostomy in an infant
Authors: Lehner Markus , Esslinger Peter , Szavay Philipp
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Neonatal hydrocephalus requires early recognition and appropriate surgical management to prevent long term sequalae. Definitive surgical management includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion through a CSF shunt insertion, or neuro-endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization. Surgical decision-making and the chosen approach are based on patient age, etiology, imaging, and comorbidities. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been proven to provide a reasonable treatment option for hydrocephalus in children under 12 months of age. To our knowledge we report for the first time the application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to visualize the basilar artery during an ETV to prevent from harming the vessel.
Patients and methods:
A 7mo old patient with a history of preterm delivery at 27 weeks of gestation and intraventricular bleeding grade 2 developed consecutive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal obstruction. Indication was made for ETV.
Results:
ETV was carried out. During the procedure indocyanine green was applied to visualize the basilar artery prior to opening the floor of the third ventricle. This provided the surgical team with a clear picture of the anatomy thus enabling ETV while safely sparing the basilar artery.
Discussion:
ETV in infants are demanding procedures. The risk of harming the basilar artery is immanent as the vessel with its known anatomical variants cannot be clearly visualized through the floor of the third ventricle. With the application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging this can be overcome providing an increased safety during the actual ETV. To our knowledge this is the first report on the use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for pediatric ETV. It might offer a new range of safety while providing minimal invasive neuro-endoscopic procedures to infant patients.
The efficacy and safety of anamorelin for cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taniguchi Jumpei , Mikura Sunao , Lopes Katharina Silva
Published: May 2023

Cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS) is characterized by anorexia and loss of body weight. Evidence is insufficient to strongly endorse any pharmacologic agent for the treatment of CACS. In this systematic review, we assessed the efficacy of oral anamorelin treatment for patients with CACS. On July 6, 2022, we systematically searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with CACS comparing oral anamorelin versus placebo: CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, and ICHUSHI. The primary outcomes were total body weight (TBW), patient-reported quality of life (QOL), and adverse events (AEs). Secondary outcomes included lean body mass (LBM), overall survival (OS), non-dominant hand grip strength (HGS), and appetite. We included seven RCTs with a total of 1944 CACS patients. Anamorelin significantly increased TBW (mean difference (MD) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34 to 2.13, p < 0.00001), LBM (MD 1.06, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.81, p = 0.006), and QOL (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, p = 0.006) compared with placebo without a significant difference in all AEs, serious AEs, OS, HGS or appetite. Anamorelin may be an effective treatment for CACS patients; however, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this drug.
Spatio-temporal Variability of Land Use/Cover in the Araucarias Biosphere Reserve, Chile: Management Guidelines for Sustainable Development.
Authors: Ortega-Alul Nemo , Vergara-Fernandez Cristian , Argandoña-Castro Fabián , Gallardo-Alvarez Natalia
Published: May 2023

Biosphere Reserves are one of the main policy instruments for protecting areas of high ecological value. However, more information is needed about land use/cover changes within Biosphere Reserves, specifically considering dynamics in their core, buffer, and transition zones. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of land use/cover change between 1961 and 2018 and assess future changes from 2018 to 2034 in part of the Araucarias Biosphere Reserve located in south-central Chile. Land use/cover maps were obtained through photointerpretation of aerial photography and satellite images. Land use/cover transitions, gains, losses, and net changes were then calculated for the periods 1961–1974, 1987–2002, and 2002–2018. Futures changes until 2034 were simulated using Markov chains and cellular automata. Results showed that between 1961 and 1987, 95% of the study area remained stable, with small changes associated with the succession of natural vegetation and the abandonment of areas dedicated to crops and livestock. However, between 1987 and 2018, an increased in anthropogenic activity contributed to two wildfire that affected large areas of old-growth forest in the core and buffer zones. The results indicate that the conservation of the core area of the biosphere reserve is threatened by the lack of territorial planning instruments to organise the activities carried out in the buffer and transition areas of the Biosphere Reserve. In the absence of new wildfires, most of the natural vegetation may recover through natural or assisted ecological restoration.
A Metallurgical Understanding of Welding Electrode Specifications for High Strength Steels
Authors: Sampath Krishna , Varadarajan Rajan
Published: May 2023

High-strength steel (HSS) welding electrode specifications offer two sets of Tables for compliance, one on Specified Electrode Chemical Composition Requirements and the other on Specified Minimum Weld Mechanical Properties Requirements. These sets of Tables may appear mutually exclusive but underlying metallurgical principles keep them inter-dependent. Suppressing austenite transformation-start (TS) temperature simultaneously increases both strength and low-temperature impact toughness of HSS weld metal (WM). Specifically, a two-step approach is useful in understanding the metallurgy of high-performance electrodes and WMs. This approach includes calculated TS temperatures such as Ar3, BS or MS, besides carbon content, carbon equivalent number (CEN) and balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O additions that correlate identified WM chemical composition with desired high-performance microstructures to meet or exceed minimum WM tensile and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness property requirements. The first step uses a set of constitutive (statistical/regression) equations to control the amounts of principal alloy elements such as C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Cu so the relevant calculated TS temperatures such as Ar3, BS, or MS and CEN stay in a desirable range relative to the base metals being joined. While doing so, one also needs to ascertain that the common progression of calculated TS temperatures wherein Ar3 > BS > MS remains valid. The second step requires balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O additions to further lower the actual TS temperature compared to the calculated TS temperature. Both a lower TS temperature and a narrow start-to-finish (TS–TF) temperature range ensure exceptional CVN impact toughness. The balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O content can be ascertained using an artificial neural network (ANN) model offered by the Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) at its website. The JWES ANN model allows one to manipulate 16 elements of the WM compositions, each within a specified range and seek a lower predictive temperature range for achieving 28 J absorbed energy (T28J/°C) during CVN impact testing.
High-resolution genomics identifies pneumococcal diversity and persistence of vaccine types in children with community-acquired pneumonia in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Rodriguez Juan-Pablo , Xavier Basil , Stohr Wolfgang , Heirstraeten Liesbet Van , Lammens Christine , Finn Adam , Goossens Herman , Bielicki Julia , Sharland Michael
Published: May 2023

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a global cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive disease in children that requires antibiotic treatment. As part of the CAP-IT trial (grant No. 13/88/11; https://www.capitstudy.org.uk/), we analyzed nasopharyngeal swabs from children with clinically diagnosed CAP, and found no differences in pneumococcal susceptibility between patients receiving oral amoxicillin treatment for shorter or longer durations and at higher or lower antibiotic doses. Here, we perform high-resolution genomics to understand pneumococcal diversity and to unravel potential mechanisms underlying persistence of pneumococcal (vaccine) serotypes.Methods Three-hundred and ninety pneumococci cultured from 1132 nasopharyngeal swabs from 718 children were whole-genome sequenced (Illumina) and tested for susceptibility to penicillin and amoxicillin. Recombination analysis was performed using long-read sequenced isolates (PacBio) and publicly available sequences.Results In 390 unique pneumococcal isolates, non-susceptibility to penicillin (n = 61, 15.6%) and amoxicillin (n = 10, 2.6%) was low and independent of the amoxicillin treatment dosage and duration. Serotypes 15B/C, 11A, 15A and 23B1 were most prevalent. PCV13 serotypes 3, 19A, and 19F were also identified (n = 25, 6.4%), and recombination analysis and genome-wide comparisons with historical isolates dating from 1995 identified several potential capsule switch events in these highly recombinant vaccine serotypes 19A and 19F, in contrast to serotype 3 genomes (n = 13, 3.3%) that showed high genomic stability over the last 20 years. All 23B1 isolates (n = 27, 6.9%) were penicillin non-susceptible, and one was the result of a potential capsule-switch in 19F.Conclusions Our data suggest that vaccination strategies, but not amoxicillin use, are more likely to drive pneumococcal serotype prevalence among children in the UK and prompts consideration of PCVs with additional serotype coverage that are likely to further decrease invasive disease in this target population. Emergence of 23B1, a non-vaccine genotype with penicillin non-susceptibility, might provide a persistence strategy for vaccine serotypes, highlighting the need for continued genomic surveillance.
Skeletal muscle index-to-body mass index ratio as a predictor of postsurgical bleeding after mastectomy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Morikawa Hiroki , Oba Takaaki , Kiyosawa Nami , Iji Ryoko , Amitani Masatsugu , Chino Tatsunori , Shimizu Tadafumi , Ono Mayu , Ito Tokiko , Kanai Toshiharu , Maeno Kazuma , Ito Ken-ichi
Published: May 2023

Background Postsurgical bleeding is a major complication of mastectomy in patients with breast cancer. However, the risk factors for postsurgical bleeding have not been well studied. Although obesity or reduced skeletal muscle mass is an indicator of cancer surgery complications, its impact on postsurgical bleeding after mastectomy remains unknown.Methods In total, 563 patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy were included in this study. We evaluated the preoperative body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and SMI-to-BMI ratio and analyzed the association between these values and the incidence of postsurgical bleeding.Results Postsurgical bleeding occurred in 33 (5.6%) patients. Mean BMI was significantly higher in the bleeding group (26.3 ± 4.7) than in the no bleeding group (23.0 ± 4.1) (p < 0.001), whereas mean SMI was lower in the former group (45.0 ± 8.5) than in the latter group (48.0 ± 8.5) (p = 0.08). The bleeding group had significantly lower SMI-to-BMI ratio (1.71 ± 0.16) than the no bleeding group (2.10 ± 0.23) (p < 0.001). Among these three parameters, SMI-to-BMI ratio had the highest area under the curve value in their receiver operating characteristic curves (0.73 for BMI, 0.59 for SMI, 0.92 for SMI-to-BMI ratio). Furthermore, on multivariate analysis, SMI-to-BMI ratio was an independent risk factor for postsurgical bleeding (hazard ratio, 38.4; 95% confidence interval, 13.9–136.2; p < 0.001).Conclusions SMI-to-BMI ratio is a superior predictive factor of postsurgical bleeding after mastectomy to either BMI or SMI alone.
Effects of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on human cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and human hepatocytes: an in vitro study
Authors: Solan Megan E. , Lavado Ramon
Published: May 2023

Short-chain have been developed as alternatives to legacy long-chain PFAS, but they may still pose risks due to their potential to interact with biomolecules. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are essential for xenobiotic metabolism, and disruptions of these enzymes by PFAS can have significant human health implications. The inhibitory potential of two legacy long-chain (PFOA and PFOA) and five short-chain alternative PFAS (PFBS, PFHxA, HFPO-DA, PFHxS, and 6:2 FTOH) were assessed in recombinant CYP1A2, − 2B6, -2C19, -2E1, and − 3A4 enzymes. Most of the short-chain PFAS, except for PFHxS, tested did not result in significant inhibition up to 100 µM. PFOS inhibited recombinant CYP1A2, -2B6, -2C19, and − 3A4 enzymes. However, concentrations where inhibition occurred, were all higher than the averages reported in population biomonitoring studies, with IC50 values higher than 10 µM. We also evaluated the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in HepaRG monolayers following 48 h exposures of the short-chain PFAS at two concentrations (1 nM or 1 µM) and with or without an inducer (benzo[a]pyrene, BaP, for CYP1A2 and Rifampicin for CYP3A4). Our findings suggest that both 1 nM and 1 µM exposures to short-chain PFAS can modulate CYP1A2 activity, with some acting as inducers and others as inhibitors. Except for PFHxS, the short-chain PFAS appear to have little effect on CYP3A4 activity. Understanding the effects of PFAS exposure on biotransformation can shed light on the mechanisms of PFAS toxicity and aid in developing effective strategies for managing chemical risks, enabling regulators to make more informed decisions.
Jet noise and wing installation effects of circular, beveled and rectangular nozzles
Authors: Christophe Julien , de Decker Julien , Schram Christophe
Published: May 2023

With the growth of modern turbofan engines, their integration under the wing becomes challenging and induces aerodynamic and acoustic interactions between the jet exhaust and the airframe. Jet noise reduction techniques have been widely studied over the past decades but their efficiency has still to be demonstrated once installed. The present lab-scale jet experiments at Mach 0.6 compare the noise radiated by beveled and rectangular installed nozzles to circular ones on a quarter-sphere radiation map using a microphone antenna. For all radiation angles, modified nozzles show an amplitude decrease of the jet-plate interaction tones of the noise spectra attributed to a strong coupling between the jet shear layers and the sound scattering at the plate trailing edge. Circular nozzles achieve a noise reduction for all radiation angles with a maximum decrease up to 2~dB at receiver locations perpendicular to the plate. While rectangular nozzles show a similar behavior, a sound increase is observed for listeners parallel to the plate when the height-to-width ratio is small.
Tropical Atlantic variability in EC-EARTH: impact of the radiative forcing
Authors: Volpi Danila , García-Serrano Javier , Palmeiro Froila M. , Gil-Reyes Laura , Haarsma Reindert J.
Published: May 2023

Understanding the impact of radiative forcing on climate variability and change in the Tropical Atlantic is crucial for different socio-economic sectors, given their substantial impacts in both local and remote regions. Standard transient historical and scenario simulations do not allow to properly evaluate the effect of a changing climate on the variability. To overcome this limitation and as an alternative to a large ensemble, two 250-year-long atmosphere-ocean coupled simulations with EC-EARTH 3.3 (CMIP6 version) have been performed with fixed radiative forcing at year 2000 and 2050, representative of present and future climate conditions respectively. The changes in the leading modes of Tropical Atlantic variability (TAV), including the Atlantic Niño/Niña and the Subtropical North Atlantic pattern, have been assessed in three target seasons: spring (MAM), summer (JJ) and early winter (ND). While the change in sea surface temperature (SST) climatology shows homogeneous warming, the difference between future and present SST variability exhibits a distinct behaviour, consistent along the seasonal cycle, with a decrease in the equatorial region and an increase at subtropical latitudes. This study explores the processes associated with the suppressed/enhanced TAV, with particular focus on the less-explored early-winter season. In agreement with previous studies, the Atantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) shows a weakening in strength, but the results also show an increase in variability. The AMOC-related deepening of the equatorial thermocline and the flattening linked to weakened trade winds are consistent with the suppressed SST variability of the Atlantic Niño/Niña. On the other hand, the enhanced SST variability at subtropical latitudes is mainly associated with an increase in turbulent heat flux variability, with a minor contribution of mixed layer depth variability. The former is dominated by the latent heat flux, whose key component appears to be the specific humidity linked to an increase in precipitation variability.
Performance of zeolite and trace elements on biogas production from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse slurry
Authors: Li Xuemei , xiao Ying , Zhang Rui , Sun Chen , Cao Weixing
Published: May 2023

In order to alleviate the inhibition of sodium ions and phenols on methanogenesis by anaerobic digestion of sweet sorghum bagasse pretreated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, zeolite and trace elements (TEs) were added to sweet sorghum bagasse slurry (PSSBS) for biogas production. The influence of zeolite dosage and TE on the anaerobic digestion performance was revealed from the perspective of biogas production, as well as the cellulase and dehydrogenase activities. The results showed that zeolite and TE increased methane production and shorten the lag time. The maximum methane yield of 274.5 mL/gVS from PSSBS + 5 g/L zeolite + 1 mL TE could be obtained and 58.4% higher than that of untreated sweet sorghum bagasse. Addition of zeolite and TE was beneficial to increase the activities of cellulase and dehydrogenase of the digestate. This work would provide a theoretical reference for the resource utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse for clean industrial application in future.
An integrated proteomic classifier to distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules
Authors: dong junqiang , Jia Bin , Wang Tingting , Pan Liangxuan , Du Xiaoyao , Yang Jing , Gao Fei , Guo Bianqin , Liao Lujian
Published: May 2023

Background
Pulmonary nodule with a diameter ranging 8-30 mm has a high rate of occurrence, and distinguishing benign from malignant nodules can greatly improve the prevention and management of lung cancer. However, sensitive and specific liquid-biopsy methods have yet to achieve satisfactory clinical goals.
Methods
We enrolled three cohorts and a total of 185 patients diagnosed with pulmonary nodules for this study. Utilizing data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, we quantified the expression of plasma proteome from patients diagnosed with benign (BE) and malignant (MA) pulmonary nodules. We then performed logistic regression analysis to classify benign from malignant nodules, using cohort 1 as discovery data set and cohort 2 and 3 as independent validation data sets.
Results
We quantified a total of 451 proteins from the plasma, with 15 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated proteins from patients diagnosed as having malignant nodules. Logistic regression identified a six-protein panel comprised of APOA4, CD14, PFN1, APOB, PLA2G7, and IGFBP2 that classifies benign and malignant nodules with improved accuracy. In cohort 1, the area under curve (AUC) of the training and testing reached 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. We have achieved a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 40%, positive predictive (PPV) of 62.5%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%. In two independent cohorts, the 6-biomarker panel showed a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 96.2%, 35%, 65.8%, and 87.5% respectively in cohort 2, and that of 91.4%, 54.2%, 74.4%, and 81.3% respectively in cohort 3.
Conclusions
Our study identified new panel of plasma protein biomarkers for distinguishing benign from malignant pulmonary nodules that worth further development into a clinically valuable assay.
Do elderly patients with colorectal cancer benefit from surgery and different therapeutic patterns? A real-world study based on SEER database
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Chenhao , Zhang Zhe , She Junjun , Shi Feiyu
Published: May 2023

Currently, the treatment guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC) in elder patients remained unclear. This study aims to investigate whether elder patients (≥70 years) with CRC benefit from surgery and different therapeutic patterns. A total of 90,347 eligible CRC patients older than 70 years were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) database. All the patients were divided into the surgery group and the no-surgery group. After being matched by propensity score matching (PSM) at a 1:1 ratio, 23,930 patients were included in our analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were applied to compare overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). In the age-stratified analysis (70–74; 75–79; 80–84; ≥85), the OS and CSS rates of patients in the surgery group were significantly higher than those of patients in the no-surgery group (all P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that surgery plus chemotherapysignificantly improved OS and CSS in elder colon cancer patients with III stage and IV stage compared to surgery alone. Surgery plus chemoradiotherapy significantly improved OS and CSS in elder rectal cancer patients with II stage, III stage and IV stage compared to other therapeutic patterns. Among these CRC patients with aged ≥70 years reported in the SEER database, treatment with surgical resection is significantly associated with an improved OS and CSS. Moreover, adjuvant therapyshowed a significant prognostic advantage for elder advanced CRC patients underwent surgery.
Evaluating Caregiver-Clinician Communication for Tracheostomy Placement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Bushroe Kylie , Crisp Kelly , Politi Mary , Brennan Steven , Housten Ashley
Published: May 2023

Objective Identify stakeholders’ tracheostomy decision-making information priorities in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
Study Design English-speaking caregivers and clinicians who participated in NICU tracheostomy discussions between January 2017 and December 2021 were eligible. They reviewed a pediatric tracheostomy communication guide prior to meeting. Interviews focused on tracheostomy decision-making experiences, communication preferences, and guide perceptions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using iterative inductive/deductive coding to inform thematic analysis.
Results Ten caregivers and nine clinicians were interviewed. Caregivers were surprised by the severity of their child’s diagnosis and the intensive home care required, but proceeded with tracheostomy because it was the only chance for survival. All recommended that tracheostomy information be introduced early and in phases. Inadequate communication limited caregivers’ understanding of post-surgical care and discharge requirements. All felt a guide could standardize communication.
Conclusions Caregivers seek detailed information regarding expectations after tracheostomy placement in the NICU and at home.
Phase Separation in Mixtures of Prion-Like Low Complexity Domains is Driven by the Interplay of Homotypic and Heterotypic Interactions
Authors: Pappu Rohit , Farag Mina , Borcherds Wade , Bremer Anne , Mittag Tanja
Published: May 2023

Prion-like low-complexity domains (PLCDs) are involved in the formation and regulation of distinct biomolecular condensates that form via coupled associative and segregative phase transitions. We previously deciphered how evolutionarily conserved sequence features drive phase separation of PLCDs through homotypic interactions. However, condensates typically encompass a diverse mixture of proteins with PLCDs. Here, we combine simulations and experiments to study mixtures of PLCDs from two RNA binding proteins namely, hnRNPA1 and FUS. We find that 1:1 mixtures of the A1-LCD and FUS-LCD undergo phase separation more readily than either of the PLCDs on their own. The enhanced driving forces for phase separation of mixtures of A1-LCD and FUS-LCD arise partly from complementary electrostatic interactions between the two proteins. This complex coacervation-like mechanism adds to complementary interactions among aromatic residues. Further, tie line analysis shows that stoichiometric ratios of different components and their sequence-encoded interactions jointly contribute to the driving forces for condensate formation. These results highlight how expression levels might be tuned to regulate the driving forces for condensate formation in vivo. Simulations also show that the organization of PLCDs within condensates deviates from expectations based on random mixture models. Instead, spatial organization within condensates will reflect the relative strengths of homotypic versus heterotypic interactions. We also uncover rules for how interaction strengths and sequence lengths modulate conformational preferences of molecules at interfaces of condensates formed by mixtures of proteins. Overall, our findings emphasize the network-like organization of molecules within multicomponent condensates, and the distinctive, composition-specific conformational features of condensate interfaces.
Reliability and Usability of Telemedicine Evaluations for Facial Dystonia
Authors: Pongpanich Punnaka , Hirunwiwatkul Parima , Jariyakosol Supharat , Assavapongpaiboon Buravej , Krittanupong Supaporn , Tulvatana Wasee
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate telemedicine reliability and usability for facial dystonia. Eighty-two telemedicine recordings from 43 adults with blepharospasm (12,27.9%) and hemifacial spasm (31,72.1%) were obtained (mean age 64.5+9.3 years, 32 female (64.4%)). Two recorded in-hospital telemedicine visits were arranged on the same day as in-person visits at baseline and 4-6 weeks. The third non-recorded home-based telemedicine visit was held 2 days prior to the third in-person visit at 12-14 weeks. After 8 weeks, the neuro-ophthalmologists who performed the in-person visits also evaluated the telemedicine videos records. Spasm gradings by Jankovic Rating Scale (low, grades 0-2; high, grades 3-4), signs and symptoms indicating botulinum toxin complications were collected. Intra-rater agreements in assessing spasm gradings were moderate (severity: kappa=0.42, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.62, frequency: kappa=0.41, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.61) with substantial agreement in detecting lagophthalmos (kappa=0.61, 95%CI 0.36 to 0.86). Adding symptoms to signs increased sensitivity and negative predictive value in detecting lagophthalmos (66.7% to 100% and 94.3% to 100%) and drooping lips (37.5% to 75% and 93.6% to 96.4%), respectively. High mean usability score of 6.5(SD0.8) out of 7 was determined by “Thai version Telehealth Usability Questionnaire.” Therefore, telemedicine could be an alternative platform to evaluate facial dystonia.
Metagenomic analysis reveals the composition and function of intestinal microbiota were affected by different sampling methods and digestive tract segments in monogastric and polygastric animals
Authors: Su Lei , Guo Jindan , Shi Weixiong , Tong Wei , Li Xue , Yang Bochao , Chen Yubao , Xiang Zhiguang , Qin Chuan
Published: May 2023

Background: As a domesticated species vital to humans, cow and donkey are raised worldwide as a source of agricultural industry and food production. The digestion and absorption must rely on the division of labor and cooperation of all the digestive tract segments and microbes. The microbiota plays an important role in the health, diseases, athletic performance, weight and digestion of food in animals. The composition and function of microbial community are closely related to the animals’ physiological structure. Moreover, experimental techniques, like the sampling method, could also influence the identification results.
Results: Here, using approximately 300 GB of metagenomic sequencing data from digestive tract samples from 91 samples that represent six (donkeys) and nine (cows) digestive tract segment with swab and fecal samples of monogastric (donkeys) and polygastric (cows) animals. We assembled 4,004,115 (cow) and 2,938,653 (donkey) microbial metagenome assembled contigs, and obtained 9,060,744 genes with an average of 553bp (range 102bp ~ 10,912bp) were obtained by clustering at 95% identity and 90% coverage. There were certainly influences on the microbiota with two sampling methods and fecal sample was recommended due to more abundant diversity of species compared with swab sample. Besides, microbiota in the stomach was significantly different from other segments and colon held the most abundant bacteria in the other intestine. In addition, the microbial community structure of donkey was obviously different from cow for both dominant and endemic microbes. There were 1,942 genera that were characterized by high Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Prevotella in the donkey while 1,744 genera were recognized in the cow. Differ from the donkey, different segments of the cow had different dominate genera such Prevotellafor the stomach, Kandleria for the small intestine and Clostridium for the hindgut.
Conclusions: Overall, we solved the scientific problem of fecal sample could more objectively reflect the intestinal microbial community. Meanwhile, the microbial composition showed the shared and distinct features of digestive tract segments in different type animals. Our experimental design and dataset provides a valuable resource for discovery of performance-enhancing microbes and systematic studies of cow and donkey microbiome.
Arithmetic optimization algorithm with mathematical operator for spherical minimum spanning tree
Authors: Mi Xiaodong , Luo Qifang , Wei Yuanfei , Zhou Yongquan , Huang Huajuan
Published: May 2023

In this paper, to effectively reinforce the exploration and exploitation of Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) and reasonably achieve their balance. A novel mathematical operator-based arithmetic optimization algorithm (MAOA) is proposed, firstly, we use mathematical symmetry operator and median operator to improve the exploitation and exploration ability of the population, respectively. Secondly, we use sine and cosine operator to effectively reinforce the exploration and exploitation of AOA algorithms and reasonably achieve their balance. Finally, the MAOA algorithm is used to solve the spherical mining spanning tree (sphere MST) and communication network problems. Experimental results show that the proposed MAOA has achieved excellent results in terms of global performance, accuracy, robustness, and convergence speed.
Process Parameters Effect and Porosity Reduction on AlSi10Mg Parts Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Rios July Andrea Andrea Taborda , Robledo Patricia del Carmen Zambrano , Taborda Juan Daniel Trejos , Espinoza Johan Andres Gómez , Isaza Catalina Jaramillo , Hernández Arturo Juárez
Published: May 2023

A study was carried out about the processing parameters influence of an AlSi10Mg part manufactured by selective laser melting process in order to determine its optimal values and this way to improve the mechanical performance. For this purpose, a Design-of-Experiment was realized by the Taguchi method selecting a set of appro
priate processing parameters (9 combinations), resulting in 45 samples whose relative densities were measured by Archimedes’ principle. The results showed that a relative density of up to 99.65 % was achieved from raw data. While the statistical model by the Taguchi method indicated a comprehensive relationship between process parameters based on relative density, being laser power the major significance among the parameters. The Taguchi model suggested new values of process parameters, achieving AlSi10Mg parts with 99.98 % of relative density. To contrast the mechanical properties of both optimized and non-optimized parts, they were characterized by tension testing.
Identification of a brand intratumor microbiome signature for predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Yisu , Xiang Ze , Lu Zhengyang , Su Renyi , Shu Wenzhi , Sui Meihua , Wei Xuyong , Xu Xiao
Published: May 2023

Purpose Given that prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differs dramatically, it is imperative to uncover effective and available prognostic biomarker(s). The intratumor microbiome plays a significant role in the response to tumor microenvironment, we aimed to identify an intratumor microbiome signature for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients accurately and investigate its possible mechanisms subsequently.Methods The TCGA HCC microbiome data (TCGA-LIHC-microbiome) was downloaded from cBioPortal. To create an intratumor microbiome related prognostic signature, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to quantify the association of microbial abundance and patients’ overall survival (OS), as well as their diseases specific survival (DSS). The performance of the scoring model was evaluated by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Based on the microbiome related signature, clinical factors, and multi-omics molecular subtypes on the basis of “icluster” algorithm, nomograms were established to predict OS and DSS. Patients were further clustered into three subtypes based on their microbiome related characteristics by consensus clustering. Moreover, deconvolution algorithm, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to investigate the potential mechanisms.Results In TCGA LIHC microbiome data, the abundances of 166 genera among the total 1406 genera were considerably associated with HCC patients’ OS. From that filtered dataset we identified a 27-microbe prognostic signature and developed a microbiome related score (MRS) model. Compared with those in relatively low risk group, patients in higher risk group own a much worse OS(P < 0.0001). Besides, the time-dependent ROC curves with MRS showed excellent predictive efficacy both in OS and DSS. Moreover, MRS is an independent prognostic factor for OS and DSS over clinical factors and multi-omics based molecular subtypes. The integration of MRS into nomograms significantly improved the efficacy of prognosis prediction (1 year AUC:0.849, 3 year AUC: 0.825, 5-year AUC: 0.822). The analysis of microbiome-based subtypes on their immune characteristics and specific gene modules inferred that intratumor microbiome may affect the HCC patients’ prognosis via modulating the cancer stemness and immune response.Conclusion MRS, a 27 intratumor microbiome related prognostic model, was successfully established to predict HCC patients overall survive independently. And the possible underlying mechanisms were also investigated to provide a potential intervention strategy.