bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated 1 independent grid cell‐phase precession in mice
Authors: Eggink Hannah , Mertens Paul , Storm Eline , Giocomo Lisa M.
Published: November 2013

Cell assemblies code information in both the temporal and spatial domain. One tractable example of temporal coding is the phenomenon of phase precession. In medial entorhinal cortex, theta‐phase precession is observed in spatially specific grid cells, with grid spike‐times shifting to earlier phases of the extracellular theta rhythm as the animal passes through the grid field. Although the exact mechanisms underlying spatial–temporal coding remain unknown, computational work points to single‐cell oscillatory activity as a biophysical mechanism capable of producing phase precession. Support for this idea comes from observed correlations between single‐cell resonance and entorhinal neurons characterized by phase precession. Here, we take advantage of the absence of single‐cell theta‐frequency resonance in hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) 1 knockout (KO) mice to examine the relationship between intrinsic rhythmicity and phase precession. We find phase precession is highly comparable between forebrain‐restricted HCN1 KO and wild‐type mice. Grid fields in HCN1 KO mice display more experience‐dependent asymmetry however, consistent with reports of enhanced long‐term potentiation in the absence of HCN1 and raising the possibility that the loss of HCN1 improves temporal coding via the rate‐phase transformation. Combined, our results clarify the role of HCN1 channels in temporal coding and constrain the number of possible mechanisms generating phase precession. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of ADRA2A and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with weight loss following antipsychotic switching to aripiprazole or ziprasidone
Authors: Roffeei Siti Norsyuhada , Reynolds Gavin P. , Zainal Nor Zuraida , Said Mas Ayu , Hatim Ahmad , Aida Syarinaz Ahmad , Mohamed Zahurin
Published: November 2013

Objectives

Various genetic polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain. In this study, we aimed to determine whether risk polymorphisms in 12 candidate genes are associated with reduction in body mass index (BMI) of patients following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole or ziprasidone.

Methods

We recruited 115 schizophrenia patients with metabolic abnormalities and who have been on at least 1 year treatment with other antipsychotics; they were then switched to either aripiprazole or ziprasidone. They were genotyped, and their BMI monitored for 6 months.

Results

Significant associations with reduction in BMI at 6 months following switching were found in two of these genes: with rs1800544 of the ADRA2A gene (CC + CG [−0.32 ± 1.41 kg/m2] vs GG [−1.04 ± 1.63 kg/m2], p = 0.013) and with rs1801131 of the MTHFR gene (AA [−0.36 ± 1.53] vs AC + CC [−1.07 ± 1.53], p = 0.015).

Conclusion

The study data indicated that carriage of the ADRA2A rs1800544 GG genotype and the MTHFR rs1801131 C allele are associated with BMI reduction in this population following switching of antipsychotics to aripiprazole and ziprasidone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE: CHALLENGES IN CONCEPTS, TERMS AND VALUES
Authors: Heydari Nader
Published: November 2013

The concept of irrigation efficiency firstly defined by Israelsen in 1950. His definition remained fundamentally unchanged for more than 40 years, until from the 1970s the definition was moderately changed and modifications suggested. In recent decades the irrigation efficiency concept has gradually been replaced, both in the literature and in practice, with the introduction of crop water use efficiency (WUE) and later on with agricultural water productivity (WP).

The issue of water management and interventions for its improvement runs across sectors. Different users and beneficiaries of water have legitimate interests in how water is allocated and used in their own as well as in competing sectors. The language and terminology of the debate is of importance to the value that analysis can add to knowledge. Even expert discussions can be confused by ambiguous terminology, while the water‐dependent sectors have no consistent terminology to distinguish between consumptive and non‐consumptive uses, or recoverable and non‐recoverable return flows.

This paper provides an overview of the concepts of WP and its predecessors E and WUE, with a focus on WP for better planning and efficient use of water in the agricultural sector. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Communicating about opioids for chronic pain: A qualitative study of patient attributions and the influence of the patient–physician relationship
Authors: Matthias M.S. , Krebs E.E. , Bergman A.A. , Coffing J.M. , Bair M.J.
Published: November 2013

Background

Chronic pain poses numerous challenges for patients and providers, particularly when opioid treatment is discussed. Despite accounts of antagonistic patient–provider communication, little is known about how communication about opioids unfolds during clinic visits and, importantly, how the relationship history of a patient and physician shapes this communication. This study's objective was to advance understanding of communication about opioid treatment by recording primary care clinic visits and conducting in‐depth interviews with patients to gain insight into the patient–provider relationship and its influence on clinical communication.

Methods

Forty patients with chronic pain were audio recorded during their primary care clinic appointments and then interviewed about their pain care and relationships with their providers. Ten patients were excluded from analysis because pain was not discussed during the clinic visit.

Results

Qualitative analysis revealed that patients responded in markedly different ways to similar physician treatment decisions about opioids. Some patients attributed limiting or denying opioids to physicians' distrust or lack of caring. Others attributed these limitations to acting out of genuine concern for patients' health. These attributions appeared to be shaped by features of the patient–physician relationship as described by patients. Results are discussed within the framework of attribution theory.

Conclusions

Understanding how patients and providers discuss opioid treatment is critical for optimal pain treatment. Physicians might be able to improve communication by re‐framing treatment discussions about opioids around external factors, such as benefits and harms, and engaging in communication that fosters a strong therapeutic alliance and emphasizes concern for the patient.
Does magnetic resonance imaging predict future low back pain? A systematic review
Authors: Steffens D. , Hancock M.J. , Maher C.G. , Williams C. , Jensen T.S. , Latimer J.
Published: November 2013

Background and Objective

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to identify pathology responsible for low back pain (LBP). However, the importance of findings on MRI remains controversial. We aimed to systematically review whether MRI findings of the lumbar spine predict future LBP in different samples with and without LBP.

Databases and Data Treatment

MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched. Included were prospective cohort studies investigating the relationship between baseline MRI abnormalities of the lumbar spine and clinically important LBP outcome at follow‐up. We excluded cohorts with specific diseases as the cause of their LBP. Associations between MRI findings and LBP pain outcomes were extracted from eligible studies.

Results

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies presented data on participants with current LBP; one included a sample with no current LBP, three included a sample with no history of LBP and two included mixed samples. Due to small sample size, poor overall quality and the heterogeneity between studies in terms of participants, MRI findings and clinical outcomes investigated, it was not possible to pool findings. No consistent associations between MRI findings and outcomes were identified. Single studies reported significant associations for Modic changes type 1 with pain, disc degeneration with disability in samples with current LBP and disc herniation with pain in a mixed sample.

Conclusions

The limited number, heterogeneity and overall quality of the studies do not permit definite conclusions on the association of MRI findings of the lumbar spine with future LBP (PROSPERO: CRD42012002342).
In vivo pump‐probe optical coherence tomography imaging in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Carrasco‐Zevallos Oscar , Shelton Ryan L. , Kim Wihan , Pearson Jeremy , Applegate Brian E.
Published: November 2013

Currently, optical coherence tomography (OCT), is not capable of obtaining molecular information often crucial for identification of disease. To enable molecular imaging with OCT, we have further developed a technique that harnesses transient changes in light absorption in the sample to garner molecular information. A Fourier‐domain Pump‐Probe OCT (PPOCT) system utilizing a 532 nm pump and 830 nm probe has been developed for imaging hemoglobin. Methylene blue, a biological dye with well‐know photophysics, was used to characterize the system before investigating the origin of the hemoglobin PPOCT signal. The first in vivo PPOCT images were recorded of the vasculature in Xenopus laevis. The technique was shown to work equally well in flowing and nonflowing vessels. Furthermore, PPOCT was compared with other OCT extensions which require flow, such as Doppler OCT and phase‐variance OCT. PPOCT was shown to better delineate tortuous vessels, where nodes often restrict Doppler and phase‐variance reconstruction. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convenient Synthesis of Toxoflavin that Targets β‐Catenin/Tcf4 Signaling Activities
Authors: Mao Yongjun , Tian Wang , Huang Ziwei , An Jing
Published: November 2013

A rapid and improved route for synthesis of toxoflavin, an antibiotic and antitumor agent, is described. The method uses easily obtained materials and simple and practical reactions, including chlorination, condensation, and diazotization to produce toxoflavin in five steps with 14.2% yield and 98.6% purity (HPLC). This synthetic toxoflavin effectively inhibited β‐catenin/Tcf4 driven TOP‐luciferase activity with an IC50 of less than 0.5 μM and induced colon cancer cell death in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.29 μM.
Copper‐Mediated Addition of Ethanolamine Affording 2‐Hydroxymethyl Naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles from 2‐Naphthols
Authors: Wang Xiuzhen , Yang Baoyun , Li Rui
Published: November 2013

A new and mild synthetic approach was presented for the synthesis of naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles. In the presence of copper (II)‐ethanolamine, 2‐hydroxymethyl naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles were one‐pot synthesized in moderate to good yields through copper‐mediated oxidation of 2‐naphthols followed with the addition of ethanolamine in acetonitrile.
Synthesis of N‐Substituted(Thiazol‐2‐ylidene)pyrazol‐5‐amine Derivatives via Condensation of Pyrazolylthioureas with ω‐Bromoacetophenones
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Ibrahim Yusria R. , Aly Ashraf A. , El‐Sheref Essmat M. , Brown Alan B.
Published: November 2013

1‐Substituted 3‐[3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl]thioureas react with ω‐bromoacetophenones forming N‐substituted(thiazol‐2‐ylidene)pyrazol‐5‐amine derivatives. Rational for these conversations are presented.
Good manufacturing practice production of the system A amino acid transport tracer [11C]MeAIB on a commercial synthesis module
Authors: Dam Johan Hygum , Någren Kjell
Published: November 2013

In this report, an automated 11C‐N‐methyl‐α‐amino‐isobutyric acid production on a Tracerlab FXC Pro module is described. Bioburden to the sterile filter was minimized during solid‐phase extraction formulation of the HPLC purified product by the use of sterile aqueous solutions. The optimized solid‐phase extraction formulation conditions are fast, give a high recovery of the product, and effectively remove organic solvents and adjust the pH. The final product was obtained within 30–35 min, delivering 1.5–5 GBq in 10 mL sterile phosphate buffer. The product fulfills in every respect our stringent batch release specifications including residual solvents, bioburden, and sterility. The robustness of the automated 11C‐N‐methyl‐α‐amino‐isobutyric acid production has been demonstrated during more than 40 productions for preclinical use without any failures in regard to product amounts or release specifications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a compact triangular ring antenna and its array using log periodic property
Authors: Dadel Megha , Srivastava Shweta , Tiwary Kamala Pati
Published: November 2013

A microstrip triangular‐ring antenna structure designed using the log‐periodic principle has been proposed. The antenna elements and the feeding networks have been designed and the antenna simulations are done using Ansoft HFSS software. Shorting posts have been used at the center of the edges of the ring to adjust the shift in the resonant frequency. The simulated and tested results show that the ring antenna with three posts resonated at the same frequency as the triangular patch giving an enhanced gain and a size reduction of 81%. A log periodic array of three triangular rings is also designed and analyzed which gives a good frequency independent behavior in the frequency range of 6.6–11.6 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:41–46, 2014
Compact gradually variational stepped impedance resonator band‐stop filters
Authors: La Dong‐sheng , Huang Cai‐mei , Qiu Xin‐yun , Zhang Jin‐ling
Published: November 2013

This article proposes a novel gradually variational stepped impedance hairpin resonator. Two band‐stop filters are proposed which are using the novel gradually variational stepped impedance hairpin resonator with defected ground structure or not. The filters have many remarkable advantages by using resonators, such as compact size, high selectivity, and simple structure. Good agreement between the simulated results and the measured results is achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1–3, 2014
A fully differential injection‐locked frequency divider using CMOS technology
Authors: Park Bonghyuk , Jung Jaeho
Published: November 2013

A wide locking range and low phase noise injection‐locked frequency divider has been developed by CMOS 0.13‐μm technology. The proposed differential complementary injection‐locked frequency divider (CILFD) consists of five‐stage complementary inverter type connection. The differential input and output are implemented using auxiliary cross‐coupled inverters. The measurement results show a divide‐by‐5 division ratio and a locking range from 1.5 to 4.5 GHz with an input power lower than −5 dBm. The power consumption of CILFD is 1.0 mA from 1.4‐V power supply when it locked at 3‐GHz input signal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:31–34, 2014
Fast prototype‐based design approach to highly miniaturized LTCC BPFS for WLAN/WIMAX dual‐mode applications
Authors: Huang Hui‐Hsiang , Horng Tzyy‐Sheng
Published: November 2013

A novel and fast prototype‐based approach is presented to design LTCC band pass filters (BPFs) using two reflection zeros for 2.4 GHz WLAN / 2.3 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access dual‐mode applications. The proposed approach derives quite compact formulas for synthesizing a filter prototype to meet the specification requirements in the passband insertion loss and stopband attenuation. From real‐time prototype simulation prediction, one can efficiently minimize the filter size under various electrical specifications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:8–11, 2014
Novel micro‐scale sensors using WGMS within the modified add‐drop filter circuits
Authors: Yupapin Preecha P. , Sarapat Napatsakorn
Published: November 2013

Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of light within a microscale modified add‐drop filter circuit has shown the interesting results, which can be formed for various sensing applications. The input waves (lights) into the sensing system can be a Gaussian pulse, which can induce the nonlinear coupling effects to the center ring by the two nonlinear side rings. By using the practical parameters, the simulation results are obtained by using the Optiwave program, which have shown the promising indication that the changes in phases between two WGMs can be used to perform the sensing applications, where the flow rate sensor, temperature sensors and medical sensors can be configured and used, which are discussed in details. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:14–17, 2014
Wideband circularly polarized square slot antenna with an annular patch
Authors: Shirzad Hamed , Shokri Majid , Amiri Zhaleh , Asiaban Somayeh , Virdee Bal
Published: November 2013

This article presents a novel and compact circularly polarized square slot antenna (CPSSA) that operates across 2.93–11.43 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 118% for VSWR ≤ 2. This makes the antenna feasible for UWB applications requiring high data rate transmission. The antenna with an annular radiation patch is fed through a coplanar waveguide and includes two inverted‐L shaped ground arms at two opposite corners of the slot to excite two orthogonal resonant modes for circular‐polarization (CP) radiation. A semicircular stub is embedded in the feed‐line to enhance its impedance bandwidth. The antenna exhibits CP bandwidth of 22.2% across 4.87–6.09 GHz, which incorporates the WLAN band. In addition, the antenna has a significantly smaller volume of 25 × 25 × 0.8 mm3. The measured and simulated results confirm the usefulness of the antenna for practical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:229–233, 2014
High selective H‐plane TE dual mode cavity filter design by using nonresonating nodes
Authors: Boukari Bouraima , Vicente Carlos P. , Cogollos Santiago
Published: November 2013

The design of H‐plane TE dual mode cavity filters using models containing nonresonating nodes is presented. From the models a coupling matrix is derived and decomposed into submatrices, each representing a subcircuit. The optimization and cascading of subcircuits represents a good starting point for the global optimization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:161–166, 2014
Novel compact inverted U‐shaped directional coupler using parallel dual transmission lines technique
Authors: Ausordin Siti Fatimah , Rahim Sharul Kamal Abdul , Seman Norhudah , Dewan Raimi , Zaidel Dayang Norkhairunnisa Abang , Sa'ad BashirMuhammad , Jayaprakasam Suhanya
Published: November 2013

A novel compact design of a 3‐dB inverted U‐shaped directional coupler using dual parallel transmission lines on double layer substrates is presented in this article. Dual parallel transmission lines technique is used as a replacement of the conventional single transmission line. Hence, a smaller size and wider bandwidth of directional coupler is successfully achieved. The proposed coupler is highly adaptable to various microwave applications for microwave circuitry such as the Butler Matrix (BM) beamforming network. The reduction in size gives better flexibility for the integrated structure of BM system. The proposed 2.45‐GHz coupler successfully obtaining size reduction up to 40% compared to the rectangular multilayer directional coupler. In addition, 25% bandwidth performance was achieved. Dimension and S‐parameter performance comparison has been made between the proposed coupler which use dual parallel transmission lines technique in multilayer structure and rectangular multilayer coupler. The measurement results are in good agreement with simulated ones in terms return loss, coupling, through and isolation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:251–256, 2014
Dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter with four transmission zeros using a capacitive mode coupling
Authors: Baik Jung‐Woo , Lee Tae‐Hak
Published: November 2013

A novel dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with dual‐mode operation is proposed that uses a compensative perturbation patch for generating four clear transmission zeros. The compensative perturbation serves as a function for changing the inductive coupling between the degenerate modes to the capacitive one in both passbands. This article deals with the filter design, analysis via the equivalent circuit of the proposed BPF, and the experimented results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:248–251, 2014
Broadband UHF RFID tag antenna design matched with different RFID chips
Authors: Tang Zhi‐Jun , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Zhan Jie , Hu Shi‐Gang
Published: November 2013

A novel antenna structure with two crab‐shaped patches and a small microstrip dipole is proposed for ultra frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tag design, which can be directly integrated in metallic plates or other objects. The feature of the design is that the tag antenna can operate effectively with different ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID chips, and the design of the conjugate impedance match of the RFID tag can be easily obtained. The important advantages of the antenna structure are that the tag does not have to be redesigned to work with different RFID chips. The antenna's size is 45 mm × 75 mm × 0.5 mm. The antenna achieves 200 MHz bandwidths, which covers worldwide UHF RFID bands (840–960 MHz). Furthermore, the proposed antenna obtains high gains and a good radiation pattern. The simulated and measured results are shown to be in good agreement with each other. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:55–57, 2014
Optically biased frequency doubler for noncontact harmonic transponders
Authors: Tahir Nazifa , Brooker Graham
Published: November 2013

An optically biased Schottky diode frequency doubler has been fabricated and tested that shows an increase in conversion gain over unbiased variants under moderate and high illumination. The diode of the doubler is biased at the knee current by an optical bias that is a coupled photodiode instead of a conventional external bias by a power supply. This ensures the continuing operation of the diode under low radio frequency (RF) signal conditions and an operating point independent of incident RF power. The optically biased doubler can be used for developing noncontact harmonic transponders with improved radar cross section. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:233–236, 2014
Application of an oblique absorbing boundary condition in the finite element simulation of phased‐array antennas
Authors: Xue Ming‐Feng , Jin Jian‐Ming
Published: November 2013

This article describes the application of an absorbing boundary condition for truncating finite element meshes in the analysis of phased‐array antennas. For a plane wave incident on a planar boundary at a certain specified angle, this boundary condition can be tuned to be reflectionless for all frequencies and polarizations. To demonstrate its application, this boundary condition is implemented in the dual‐primal finite‐element tearing and interconnecting method for simulation of large‐scale phased‐array antennas. A good performance is achieved in terms of accuracy and convergence of the numerical solution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:178–184, 2014
FVIII/VWF ratio is not a reliable predictor of VWD in children
Authors: Branchford Brian R. , Ruegg Katherine , Villalobos‐Menuey Elizabeth , Jacobson Linda J. , Di Paola Jorge A. , Manco‐Johnson Marilyn
Published: November 2013

Adults with von Willebrand Disease (VWD) are known to have a ratio of factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) to von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) greater than 1. We, however, noted healthy children with ratios that are unexpectedly high. Though the FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio differs significantly between healthy children and VWD patients in some age groups, the substantial overlap of observed ranges suggests that a ratio threshold‐based screening approach alone cannot reliably discriminate between these groups. The diagnostic performance of this ratio is poor for VWD in children, which may decrease its value as a screening tool in the pediatric population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:936–939. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiovascular and mortality risk in elderly Medicare beneficiaries treated with olmesartan versus other angiotensin receptor blockers
Authors: Graham David J. , Zhou Esther H. , McKean Stephen , Levenson Mark , Calia Katlyn , Gelperin Kate , Ding Xiao , MaCurdy Thomas E. , Worrall Chris , Kelman Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

In the randomized trial, Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention, acute cardiovascular death was increased nearly fivefold in diabetic patients treated with high‐dose olmesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), compared with placebo.

Methods

Medicare beneficiaries were entered into new‐user cohorts of olmesartan or other ARBs and followed on therapy for occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. Analyses focused on specific subgroups defined by diabetes status, ARB dose, and duration of therapy. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, with other ARBs as reference.

Results

A total of 158 054 olmesartan and 724 673 other ARB users were followed for 54 285 and 260 390 person‐years, respectively, during which 9237 endpoint events occurred. Lower‐dose olmesartan was not associated with increased risk for any endpoint, regardless of duration of use. High‐dose olmesartan for 6 months or longer was associated with increased risk of death in patients with diabetes (HR 2.03, 95%CI 1.09–3.75, p = 0.02) and with reduced risk in nondiabetic patients (HR 0.46, 95%CI 0.24–0.86, p = 0.01). Some, but not all, sensitivity analyses suggested that selective prescribing of olmesartan to healthier patients (channeling bias) may have accounted for the reduced risk in nondiabetic patients.

Conclusions

High‐dose olmesartan was associated with an increased risk of death in diabetic patients treated for 6 months or longer and with a reduced risk of death in nondiabetic patients, when compared with use of other ARBs. This latter effect was probably because of selective prescribing of olmesartan to healthier patients, although effect modification cannot be excluded. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Inclusion of the orientational entropic effect and low‐resolution experimental information for protein–protein docking in Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions (CAPRI)
Authors: Huang Sheng‐You , Yan Chengfei , Grinter Sam Z. , Chang Shan , Jiang Lin , Zou Xiaoqin
Published: November 2013

Inclusion of entropy is important and challenging for protein–protein binding prediction. Here, we present a statistical mechanics‐based approach to empirically consider the effect of orientational entropy. Specifically, we globally sample the possible binding orientations based on a simple shape‐complementarity scoring function using an FFT‐type docking method. Then, for each generated orientation, we calculate the probability through the partition function of the ensemble of accessible states, which are assumed to be represented by the set of nearby binding modes. For each mode, the interaction energy is calculated using our ITScorePP scoring function that was developed in our laboratory based on principles of statistical mechanics. Using the above protocol, we present the results of our participation in Rounds 22‐27 of the Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions (CAPRI) experiment for 10 targets (T46–T58). Additional experimental information, such as low‐resolution small‐angle X‐ray scattering data, was used when available. In the prediction (or docking) experiments of the 10 target complexes, we achieved correct binding modes for six targets: one with high accuracy (T47), two with medium accuracy (T48 and T57), and three with acceptable accuracy (T49, T50, and T58). In the scoring experiments of seven target complexes, we obtained correct binding modes for six targets: one with high accuracy (T47), two with medium accuracy (T49 and T50), and three with acceptable accuracy (T46, T51, and T53). Proteins 2013; 81:2183–2191. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The crystal structure of BlmI as a model for nonribosomal peptide synthetase peptidyl carrier proteins
Authors: Lohman Jeremy R. , Ma Ming , Cuff Marianne E. , Bigelow Lance , Bearden Jessica , Babnigg Gyorgy , Joachimiak Andrzej , Phillips George N. , Shen Ben
Published: November 2013

Carrier proteins (CPs) play a critical role in the biosynthesis of various natural products, especially in nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymology, where the CPs are referred to as peptidyl‐carrier proteins (PCPs) or acyl‐carrier proteins (ACPs), respectively. CPs can either be a domain in large multifunctional polypeptides or standalone proteins, termed Type I and Type II, respectively. There have been many biochemical studies of the Type I PKS and NRPS CPs, and of Type II ACPs. However, recently a number of Type II PCPs have been found and biochemically characterized. In order to understand the possible interaction surfaces for combinatorial biosynthetic efforts we crystallized the first characterized and representative Type II PCP member, BlmI, from the bleomycin biosynthetic pathway from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC 15003. The structure is similar to CPs in general but most closely resembles PCPs. Comparisons with previously determined PCP structures in complex with catalytic domains reveals a common interaction surface. This surface is highly variable in charge and shape, which likely confers specificity for interactions. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of a prototypical Type I PCP excised from the multimodular context revealed three conformational states. Comparison of the states with the structure of BlmI and other PCPs reveals that only one of the NMR states is found in other studies, suggesting the other two states may not be relevant. The state represented by the BlmI crystal structure can therefore serve as a model for both Type I and Type II PCPs. Proteins 2014; 82:1210–1218. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to temephos in Venezuela
Authors: Alvarez Leslie C , Ponce Gustavo , Oviedo Milagros , Lopez Beatriz , Flores Adriana E
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Temephos is an insecticide widely used in Venezuela to control the proliferation of the larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), the principal vector of dengue virus. The aim of this study was to identify the susceptibility to temephos of Ae. aegypti in four locations in western Venezuela: Lara, Tres Esquinas, Ureña and Pampanito. Larval bioassays were conducted on samples collected in 2008 and 2010, and the levels of α‐ and β‐esterases, mixed‐function oxidases, glutathione‐S‐transferase and insensitive acethyl cholinesterase were determined.

RESULTS

Larval populations from western Venezuela obtained during 2008 and 2010 were found to be susceptible to temephos, with low resistance ratios and without overexpression of enzymes.

CONCLUSIONS

The low RR values reveal the effectiveness of temephos in controlling the larval populations of Ae. aegypti. Control strategies must be vigorously monitored to maintain the susceptibility to temephos of these populations of Ae. aegypti. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Strong blue emission from ZnSe nanowires grown at low temperature
Authors: Zannier Valentina , Martelli Faustino , Grillo Vincenzo , Plaisier Jasper R. , Lausi Andrea , Rubini Silvia
Published: November 2013

We report optimized photoluminescence of ZnSe nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy, obtained by lowering the growth temperature down to 300 °C. The low‐temperature growth method has been developed using Si(111) and GaAs(111)B substrates. On the latter, vertical oriented blue‐emitting nanowires have been obtained. The growth mecha‐ nism is discussed with the help of in‐situ and ex‐situ electronic and structural measurements. We also report strong blue luminescence from ZnSe nanowires grown on ITO‐coated glasses, demonstrating that ZnSe nanowires are optimal candidates for transparent optoelectronics. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alexithymia as a Mediator Between Childhood Maltreatment and Impulsivity
Authors: Gaher Raluca M. , Arens Ashley M. , Shishido Hanako
Published: November 2013

Impulsivity, specifically negative urgency, is associated with diverse health risk behaviours, yet relatively little research has examined factors contributing to negative urgency. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment, alexithymia and negative urgency. The sample was comprised of 410 undergraduate students who completed measures online. A series of regression analyses tested whether alexithymia mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and negative urgency. Results supported the hypothesized mediation model. Subsequent analyses examined effects of specific subtypes of maltreatment and alexithymia subscales. These analyses indicated that growing up in a punishing environment (e.g. being hit or beat; expected to follow a strict code of behaviour) was indirectly associated with negative urgency via difficulty identifying feelings, suggesting that excessive use of punishment during childhood may reduce the development of the ability to identify and label feeling states. This difficulty in emotional processing may in turn lead to acting rashly when emotionally aroused. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I sue doctors. Why do I sue doctors? Should I sue doctors?
Authors: Badenoch QC James
Published: November 2013

James Badenoch QC asks whether it is right that members of the medical profession should be subject to litigation when things go wrong. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Mid Staffordshire – some reflections for clinicians
Authors: Francis QC Robert
Published: November 2013

Robert Francis QC outlines the findings of the various investigations into the care provided by the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, discussing how the healthcare professions can contribute to implementing the recommendations made to protect patient safety in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Moving on after a serious untoward incident
Authors: Harland Stephen
Published: November 2013

Stephen Harland recounts the story of his encounter with the General Medical Council, and outlines the lessons learned. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Significance of Preoperative Evaluation of the Right Gastroepiploic Artery Graft to the Coronary Artery in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Ito Shuhei , Yamaguchi Shohei , Saeki Hiroshi , Oki Eiji , Tayama Eiki , Ikejiri Koji , Morita Masaru , Maehara Yoshihiko
Published: November 2013

Background

A major concern with the use of the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) as the graft for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the potential for injury, which can result in critical myocardial ischemia during future abdominal surgery.

Methods

We examined the availability of preoperative image evaluation, preoperative recognition of the RGEA graft, and operative findings such as graft identification, graft injury, and cardiac events in 11 patients who underwent abdominal surgery after CABG using the RGEA as the graft.

Results

Prior to the abdominal surgery, contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed in all 11 patients, while coronary angiography or three‐dimensional CT angiography was performed in five patients. We detected the RGEA graft retrospectively in nine of ten patients in whom the images from contrast‐enhanced CT were still available. Among the seven patients whose RGEA grafts were in the operative field, the RGEA graft was identified in five patients, while the RGEA graft was not identified in the remaining two patients because of adhesions. There were no intraoperative cardiac events in any of the 11 patients.

Conclusions

It is important to determine whether an RGEA graft is present when repeat laparotomy is required after CABG. In cases where an RGEA graft is present, it is essential to evaluate the patency and location of the graft since this will be crucial for planning the reoperation strategy. Preoperative recognition and evaluation of the RGEA graft can help avoid graft injury, even if the graft cannot be detected intraoperatively.
Surgeons Are Overlooking Post‐Discharge Complications: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Visser A. , Ubbink D. T. , Gouma D. J. , Goslings J. C.
Published: November 2013

Introduction

The registration of surgical complications is an important quality indicator of hospital medical care. Previous research has suggested that surgeons only record certain complications after discharge. The extent and impact of this potential under‐recording of post‐discharge complications is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency, type, and grade of post‐discharge complications as reported by patients and their surgeons.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed in the Department of Surgery of a University Medical Center. From December 2008 until August 2009, all adult surgical patients were interviewed by phone or questionnaire 1 month after their discharge to inquire about any new complications after discharge. These complications were compared with the surgeon‐reported post‐discharge complications and letters from the outpatient clinic as documented in the patients’ medical files.

Results

A total of 976 patients were included. Patients reported more complications (659) than did surgeons (465), especially psychological disturbances (4.2 vs. 0 %). A medical consult was needed in 527 (80 %) of the patient‐reported complications. Of all patient‐reported complications, 291 (44 %) resulted in a visit to the outpatient clinic, 144 (22 %) in a consultation with a general practitioner, and 92 (14 %) led to referral to a hospital; 743 (76 %) were treated non‐operatively.

Conclusion

Surgeons are unaware of many of the complications their patients experience after discharge. These post‐discharge complications are important to patients and are therefore relevant to be aware of and to act upon whenever necessary.
Enhanced production of erythritol by Yarrowia lipolytica on glycerol in repeated batch cultures
Authors: Mirończuk Aleksandra M , Furgała Joanna , Rakicka Magdalena , Rymowicz Waldemar
Published: November 2013

Erythritol is an important natural sweetener, industrially produced only by fermentation on glucose media. Glycerol is an important renewable feedstock as it is the major by-product of the biodiesel production process; here we present an alternative way to convert this low-cost substrate into value-added products, such as erythritol. Repeated batch cultures (RBC) were performed to improve the productivity of erythritol from pure and crude glycerol. An acetate negative mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica Wratislavia K1 was found to be applicable for the production of high amounts of erythritol in RBC. When 20 % of fresh replaced medium was added, the strain Wratislavia K1 was able to produce 220 g l −1 erythritol, which corresponded to a 0.43 g g−1 yield and a productivity of 0.54 g l−1 h−1. Additionally, the activity of the culture remained stable for more than 1,000 h, i.e., 11 cycles of the repeated batch bioreactors.
Monounsaturated 14:1n‐9 and 16:1n‐9 Fatty Acids but not 18:1n‐9 Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in Murine HL‐1 Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Seibt Annette , Herebian Diran , Spiekerkoetter Ute
Published: November 2013

Patients with inborn errors of long‐chain fatty acid oxidation accumulate disease‐specific acylcarnitines and triacylglycerols in various tissues. Some of these patients present significant cardiac diseases such as arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of how fatty acid accumulation is involved in disease pathogenesis is still unclear but apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has been suggested to be one possible mechanism of cardiomyopathy development. In this study, we measured lipid uptake and intracellular lipid accumulation after incubation of HL1 cardiomyocytes with different saturated and monounsaturated long‐ and medium‐chain fatty acid species for various time periods and at different physiological concentrations. We assessed apoptosis induction by analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential and TLR‐4 expression as well as the composition of the accumulating triacylglycerols. We identified only 14:1 and 16:1 monounsaturated fatty acids potentially leading to an increase in TLR‐4 expression and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in apoptosis and necrosis in cultured cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates significant toxicity of especially those fatty acid species in vitro that significantly accumulate in fatty acid oxidation defects presenting with cardiac disease such as very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, carnitine acylcarnitine translocase and carnitine palmitoyl‐CoA transferase deficiencies.
Les maladies de l’âme comme lieu de rencontre entre médecine et philosophie dans les textes arabes médiévaux (IXe-XIe siècle)
Authors: Koetschet Pauline
Published: November 2013

Les maladies de l’âme, dans les textes médicaux arabes des IXe-XIe siècles, jouent un rôle important dans la réflexion des médecins sur la nature de l’âme et ses rapports au corps. Au IXe siècle et au début du Xc siècle, la conception platonicogalénique formait la base de cette anthropologie médicale. Mais, avec le tournant aristotélicien qui marqua la philosophie arabe au Xc siècle, les bases de cette anthropologie furent remises en question, ainsi que la place du savoir médical et sa relation à la philosophie naturelle.
La reconstruction médicale de la nature de l'homme aux XIe et XIIe siècles
Authors: Jacquart Danielle
Published: November 2013

Dès la fin du XIesiècle, des traductions du grec, mais surtout de l’arabe, contribuèrent à la refondation en Occident chrétien d’une science médicale. Leurs premiers lecteurs, qui n’étaient pas tous médecins, y trouvèrent une représentation de la nature de l’homme, dans ce qui la rendait semblable au monde inanimé comme dans sa spécificité. Diffusée avant les traductions de textes philosophiques, elle faisait une large place à l’interaction entre états du corps et passions de l’âme, sans postuler ouvertement un déterminisme psychologique, inacceptable en contexte chrétien.
Dynamic recruitment of active proteasomes into polyglutamine initiated inclusion bodies
Authors: Schipper-Krom Sabine , Juenemann Katrin , Jansen Anne H. , Wiemhoefer Anne , van den Nieuwendijk Rianne , Smith Donna L. , Hink Mark A. , Bates Gillian P. , Overkleeft Hermen , Ovaa Huib , Reits Eric
Published: November 2013

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease are hallmarked by neuronal intracellular inclusion body formation. Whether proteasomes are irreversibly recruited into inclusion bodies in these protein misfolding disorders is a controversial subject. In addition, it has been proposed that the proteasomes may become clogged by the aggregated protein fragments, leading to impairment of the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Here, we show by fluorescence pulse‐chase experiments in living cells that proteasomes are dynamically and reversibly recruited into inclusion bodies. As these recruited proteasomes remain catalytically active and accessible to substrates, our results challenge the concept of proteasome sequestration and impairment in Huntington's disease, and support the reported absence of proteasome impairment in mouse models of Huntington's disease.
Therapeutic antibody engineering by high efficiency cell screening
Authors: Doerner Achim , Rhiel Laura , Zielonka Stefan , Kolmar Harald
Published: November 2013

In recent years, several cell‐based screening technologies for the isolation of antibodies with prescribed properties emerged. They rely on the multi‐copy display of antibodies or antibody fragments on a cell surface in functional form followed by high through put screening and isolation of cell clones that carry an antibody variant with the desired affinity, specificity, and stability. Particularly yeast surface display in combination with high‐throughput fluorescence‐activated cell sorting has proven successful in the last fifteen years as a very powerful technology that has some advantages over classical generation of monoclonals using the hybridoma technology or bacteriophage‐based antibody display and screening. Cell‐based screening harbours the benefit of single‐cell online and real‐time analysis and characterisation of individual library candidates. Moreover, when using eukaryotic expression hosts, intrinsic quality control machineries for proper protein folding and stability exist that allow for co‐selection of high‐level expression and stability simultaneously to the binding functionality. Recently, promising technologies emerged that directly rely on antibody display on higher eukaryotic cell lines using lentiviral transfection or direct screening on B‐cells. The combination of immunisation, B‐cell screening and next generation sequencing may open new avenues for the isolation of therapeutic antibodies with prescribed physicochemical and functional characteristics.
RESISTING RESISTING EXTERNALISM
Authors: Buford Chris , Brueckner Anthony
Published: November 2013

In “Externalism Resisted,” Jonathan Vogel addresses some important, foundational questions about the nature of justification. Vogel's focus is on Ernest Sosa's case against internalism about justification in Epistemic Justification. We defend Sosa against criticism leveled by Vogel. We also question whether Vogel himself can accept what he labels the connection thesis, a thesis that figures prominently in his arguments against Sosa.
DEFICIENT TESTIMONY IS DEFICIENT TEAMWORK
Authors: Green Adam
Published: November 2013

Jennifer Lackey presents a puzzle to which she argues there is no current solution. Lackey's claim is that testimonial knowledge can have something conspicuously wrong with it and still be knowledge. Testimonial knowledge can be ‘deficient’. Given that knowledge is a normative category, that it describes what it is for a belief to go right, there is a puzzle that comes with accounting for how a testimonial belief could be knowledge and yet go wrong in the ways Lackey has in mind. In this paper, I argue that the deficiency is one of teamwork, and that Lackey's puzzle offers one a window into the respect in which testimony is a kind of team achievement.
Elastically induced turbulence in Taylor–Couette flow: direct numerical simulation and mechanistic insight
Authors: Liu Nansheng , Khomami Bamin
Published: November 2013

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of elastically induced turbulent flows has posed great challenges to researchers engaged in developing first-principle models and simulations that can predict faithfully the complex spatio-temporal dynamics of polymeric flows. To this end, DNS of elastically induced turbulent flow states in the Taylor–Couette (TC) flow are reported here with the aim of paving the way for a mechanistic understanding of this new class of flows. Specifically, the DNS not only faithfully reproduce the key feature of elastically induced turbulent flows, namely, substantial excitation of fluid motion at the smallest temporal and spatial scales, but also for the first time demonstrate the existence of three distinct flow regions in the gap for the inertio-elastic turbulence state: (i) a fluid-inertia (or outflow-) dominated inner-wall region; (ii) a fluid-elasticity (or inflow-) dominated outer-wall region; and (iii) an inflow/outflow core region. Based on this observation, a simple mechanism for the inertio-elastic turbulence in the TC flow has been postulated.