bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band‐Aid‐Like Self‐Fixed Barrier Membranes Enable Superior Bone Augmentation
Authors: Li Qianqian , He Wenyi , Li Weiran , Luo Shulu , Zhou Minghong , Wu Dingcai , Li Yan , Wu Shuyi
Published: April 2023

In guided bone regeneration surgery, a barrier membrane is usually used to inhibit soft tissue from interfering with osteogenesis. However, current barrier membranes usually fail to resist the impact of external forces on bone‐augmented region, thus causing severe displacement of membranes and their underlying bone graft materials, eventually leading to unsatisfied bone augmentation. Herein, a new class of local double‐layered adhesive barrier membranes (ABMs) is developed to successfully immobilize bone graft materials. The air‐dried adhesive hydrogel layers with suction‐adhesion properties enable ABMs to firmly adhere to the wet bone surface through a “stick‐and‐use” band‐aid‐like strategy and effectively prevent the displacement of membranes and the leakage of bone grafts in uncontained bone defect treatment. Furthermore, the strategy is versatile for preparing diverse adhesive barrier membranes and immobilizing different bone graft materials for various surgical regions. By establishing such a continuous barrier for the bone graft material, this strategy may open a novel avenue for designing the next‐generation barrier membranes.
Multifunctional Polymeric Phthalocyanine‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Redox Mediators of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Yoonbin , Kim Won Il , Park Hyunyoung , Kim Jun Su , Cho Hyungyu , Yeon Jeong Seok , Kim Jongsoon , Kim Young‐Jun , Lee Jeongyeon , Park Ho Seok
Published: April 2023

Metal phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are considered to be promising functional organic materials owing to their tunable properties and unique π‐electron structure. Despite these advantages, the application of polymeric metal Pc into lithium–sulfur (LiS) batteries has yet to be explored. Herein, this work demonstrates a molecular design of multifunctional polymeric cobalt Pc with triethylene glycol linkers (TCP) that provide a redox mediating capability for the Co ion in the center of the Pc, a strong polar interaction of N atoms with Li, and the lithiophilic sites of crown ether mimicking linkers for highly efficient LiS batteries. As verified by electrochemical and theoretical analyses, the cooperative redox mediating and lithiophilic effects of TCP coated onto multiwalled carbon nanotube (TCP/MC) are attributed to the facilitated conversion reaction kinetics of S cathodes for the high utilization efficiency of S and the inhibition of polysulfide shuttling. Consequently, the S@TCP/MC delivers high discharge capacity of 1392.8 mA h g−1 and high‐rate capacity of 667.9 mA h g−1 at 5.0 C. Moreover, this cathode achieves a high capacity retention of 81.5% over 200 cycles, along with a high areal capacity of 6.83 mA h cm−2 at 0.2 C with a high S loading of 6.6 mg cm−2.
Revealing the Influence of Surface Microstructure on Li Wettability and Interfacial Ionic Transportation for Garnet‐Type Electrolytes
Authors: Ji Weijie , Luo Bi , Wang Qi , Yu Guihui , Liu Zihang , Zhao Zaowen , Zhao Ruirui , Wang Shubin , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Bao , Zhang Jiafeng , Hou Feng , Liang Ji
Published: April 2023

Poor interfacial contacts of Li mental/solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) cause high impedance and induce lithium dendrite growth, which hinders the practical viability of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). Optimizing the surface chemistry of SSEs has been widely adopted for improving the Li/SSE interfacial contact. Their surface's microstructure, another critical factor influencing the actual performance of SSBs, however, has seldom been paid attention to; and the corresponding mechanism remains unclear. Addressing this issue, the authors herein propose a “surface microstructure optimization” strategy that can significantly enhance the Li/SSE interfacial contact, and in the meantime, quantify the correlations between SSB's performance and SSE's surface roughness regarding the interfacial resistance, current focusing, critical current density (CCD), and lithium deposition. Based on these fundamental understandings, a low‐surface‐roughness SSE is developed, which shows extremely small interfacial impedance (1.7 Ω cm2) and ultra‐long stable cycling life (4500 h at 0.2 mA cm−2). This work not only comprehensively demonstrates the fundamental relationship between the surface microstructure of SSEs and their battery performance but also presents a new insight into the modulation of surface kinetics of ceramic SSEs toward achieving dendrite‐free SSBs.
An Emerging Energy Technology: Self‐Uninterrupted Electricity Power Harvesting from the Sun and Cold Space
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wu Zhenhua , Liu Zekun , Hu Zhiyu
Published: April 2023

Harvesting sustainable energy from the sun and cold space to uninterruptedly generate green electricity provides a potential alternative way to solve the unfolding energy crisis and environmental issues. This emerging energy technology is seeing important progress and further advances remain challenging. Herein, the underlying principle, thermodynamic limit, and global potential of this technology are comprehensively reviewed. The recent advances of energy harvesters (solar absorbers or/and radiative coolers) integrated with energy converters (thermoelectric generators) are summarized, and strategies including thermal/optical/radiative cooling concentration, thermal dissipation, and geometric optimization are discussed. Last, the great prospects for uninterrupted energy harvest and electricity generation in extensive fields are outlined, and the scientific and engineering challenges for upcoming growth are proposed.
Intermolecular Interactions Mediated Nonflammable Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries in Wide Temperature
Authors: Zou Yeguo , Liu Gang , Wang Yuqi , Li Qian , Ma Zheng , Yin Dongming , Liang Yao , Cao Zhen , Cavallo Luigi , Kim Hun , Wang Limin , Alshareef Husam N. , Sun Yang‐Kook , Ming Jun
Published: April 2023

High‐voltage lithium metal batteries are the most promising energy storage technology due to their excellent energy density (>400 Wh kg−1). However, the oxidation decomposition of conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes at the high‐potential cathode, the detrimental reaction between the lithium anode and electrolyte, particularly the uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth, always lead to a severe capacity decay and/or flammable safety issues, hindering their practical applications. Herein, a solvation structure engineering strategy based on tuning intermolecular interactions is proposed as a strategy to design a novel nonflammable fluorinated electrolyte. Using this approach, this work shows superior cycling stability in a wide temperature range (−40 °C to 60 °C) for a 4.4 V‐class LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811)‐based Li‐metal battery. By coupling the high‐loading of NCM811 cathode (3.0 mAh cm−2) and a controlled amount of lithium anode (twofold excess of Li deposition on Cu, Cu@Li) (N/P = 2), the Cu@Li || NCM811 full cell can cycle more than 162 cycles with high‐capacity retention of 80%. This work finds that the change of the coordination environment of Li+ with solvent and PF6− by tuning intermolecular interaction is an effective method to stabilize the electrolyte and electrode performance. These discoveries can provide a pathway for electrolyte design in metal ion batteries.
Locking down adolescent hunger: COVID‐19 and food security in Bangladesh
Authors: Seager Jennifer , Baird Sarah , Kalow Jared , Tauseef Salauddin
Published: April 2023

Policy responses to slow the spread of COVID‐19 have increased economic insecurity globally. We use panel data collected immediately before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic with adolescents in Bangladesh to assess the association between COVID‐19‐related restrictions and adolescent hunger. One year into the pandemic, adolescents were three‐fold more likely to report hunger, and households were twice as likely to report cutting back food to adolescents compared to before COVID‐19 restrictions. Vulnerable households experienced larger increases in hunger and reductions in food consumption, with girls more adversely affected than boys. Cash and food aid were unable to mitigate these negative trends.
Biallelic variants in TUBGCP6 result in microcephaly and chorioretinopathy 1: Report of four cases and a literature review
Authors: Thomas‐Wilson Amanda , Schacht John P. , Chitayat David , Blaser Susan , Santos Francis Jeshira Reynoso , Glaser Kimberly , Caffo Alesky , Wentzensen Ingrid M. , Henderson Lindsay B. , Zhang Futao , Zhu Ying , Di Corleto Ellen , da Silva Costa Fabricio , Vink Rebecca , Alkhunaizi Ebba , Russell Laura , Buckley Michael F. , Roscioli Tony , Pereira Elaine Maria , Ganapathi Mythily
Published: April 2023

Autosomal recessive microcephaly and chorioretinopathy‐1 (MCCRP1) is a rare Mendelian disorder resulting from biallelic loss of function variants in Tubulin‐Gamma Complex Associated Protein 6 (TUBGCP6, MIM#610053). Clinical features of this disorder include microcephaly, cognitive impairment, dysmorphic features, and variable ophthalmological anomalies including chorioretinopathy. Microcephaly can be recognized prenatally and visual impairment becomes evident during the first year of life. The clinical presentation resembles the findings in some acquired conditions such as congenital toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infections; thus, it is important to recognize and diagnose this syndrome in view of its impact on patient health management and familial reproductive plans. To date, only seven molecularly confirmed patients from five unrelated families have been reported. We report an additional four unrelated patients with TUBGCP6 variants including one prenatal diagnosis and review the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of all the known cases. This report expands the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of TUBGCP6 and includes additional prenatal findings associated with MCCRP1.
Novel insights on GTPBP3‐associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Angelova Petya , Velchev Vasil , Stoyanov Nikolay , Atemin Slavena , Todorov Tihomir , Tourtourikov Ivan , Mitev Vanyo , Todorova Albena
Published: April 2023

About 100 genes have been associated with cardiomyopathies with genotype–phenotype correlations often hard to establish. Genetic testing may help to confirm the genetic diagnosis and assess the risk of inheritance in the family. A 25‐year old male with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and fasciculoventricular accessory pathway was referred for genetic testing by his cardiologist. Targeted PRKAG2 screening and whole‐exome sequencing were performed, followed by Sanger sequencing segregation analysis in the family. The PRKAG2 gene screening was negative. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed the following four variants in the patient: c.181G>C (p.Ala61Pro) and c.1199C>T (p.Thr400Met) in the GTPBP3 gene, as well as c.752C>T (p.Thr251Ile) and c.1760C>T (p.Pro587Leu) in the POLG gene. Family segregation analysis showed that the patient's mother is a carrier of variant c.181G>C and the patient's paternal grandmother is a carrier of variant c.1199C>T in the GTPBP3 gene, which is in accordance with an autosomal recessive model of inheritance of the disease. Both variants in the POLG are found paternally inherited in the patient's healthy half‐brother, thus are not considered disease‐causing. GTPBP3 variants have been reported in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 23. These novel variants represent the probable cause of the observed clinical symptoms in the patient.
Efficient Solar‐osmotic Power Generation from Bioinspired Anti‐fouling 2D WS2 Composite Membranes
Authors: Wang Qingchen , Wu Yadong , Zhu Congcong , Hu Yuhao , Fu Lin , Qian Yongchao , Zhang Zhe‐Hua , Li Tingyang , Li Xin , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Jiang Lei , Zhang Zhen , Wen Liping
Published: April 2023

Nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis provides an attractive way to harvest osmotic energy. However, most attention was paid to monotonous membrane structure optimization to promote selective ion transport, while the role of external fields and relevant mechanisms are rarely explored. Here, we demonstrate a Kevlar‐toughened tungsten disulfide (WS2) composite membrane with bioinspired serosa‐mimetic structures as an efficient osmotic energy generator coupling light. As a result, the output power could be up to 16.43 W m−2 under irradiation, outperforming traditional two‐dimensional (2D) membranes. Both the experiment and simulation uncover that the generated photothermal and photoelectronic effects could synergistically promote the confined ion transport process. In addition, this membrane also possesses great anti‐fouling properties, endowing its practical application. This work paves new avenues for sustainable power generation by coupling solar energy.
A new long‐necked archosauromorph from the Guanling Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of southwestern China and its implications for neck evolution in tanystropheids
Authors: Wang Wei , Spiekman Stephan N. F. , Zhao Lijun , Rieppel Olivier , Scheyer Torsten M. , Fraser Nicholas C. , Li Chun
Published: April 2023

A long neck is an evolutionary innovation convergently appearing in multiple tetrapod lineages, including groups of plesiosaurs, non‐archosauriform archosauromorphs, turtles, sauropodomorphs, birds, and mammals. Among all tetrapods both extant and extinct, two Triassic archosauromorphs,TanystropheusandDinocephalosaurus, have necks that are particularly elongated relative to the lengths of their trunks. However, the evolutionary history of such hyper‐elongated necks in these two archosauromorph clades remains unknown, partially because known close relatives such asMacrocnemusandPectodenspossess only moderately elongated necks. Here, we describe a newly discovered early diverging archosauromorph,Gracilicollum latensgen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen comprising a partial neck and an incompletely preserved skull. The long neck is composed of at least 18 cervical vertebrae. The dentition suggests that this new taxon most likely represents an aquatic piscivore, similar toDinocephalosaurusandTanystropheus hydroides. Despite possessing a high number of cervical vertebrae,Gracilicollumgen. nov. is recovered as a tanystropheid in an evolutionary grade betweenMacrocnemusandTanystropheusrather than as a close relative ofDinocephalosaurus, a result that is primarily attributable to the presence of palatal teeth and the anatomy of the cervical vertebrae inGracilicollumgen. nov. Considering the information provided by the new specimen, we provide a detailed discussion of the cervical evolution in dinocephalosaurids and tanystropheids, which is shown to be highly complex and mosaic in nature.
Advances in the treatment of solid tumors in children and adolescents
Authors: Tian Jing , Wang Jiayu , Li Sidan
Published: April 2023

Tumor is one of the leading causes of death in children (0 to 14‐year‐old) and adolescents (15 to 19‐year‐old) worldwide. Unlike adult tumors, childhood and adolescent tumors are unique in their type, molecular characteristics, and pathogenesis, and their treatment involves many challenges. In recent years, with the development of a large number of clinical studies, the survival rate of children and adolescents with tumors has improved significantly. The extensive research and application of optimized treatment regimens and new targeted drugs have led to new hope for the treatment of childhood and adolescent tumors. This article reviews the clinical and basic research and treatment of childhood and adolescent tumors and provides new ideas for the future development of precise treatment of childhood and adolescent tumors.
HMOX1 pathway signature predicts clinical benefit from immunotherapy plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Xianglai , Zhang Sihong , Wang Ying , Zhu Yanjun , Wang Jiajun , Guo Jianming
Published: April 2023

Background

Immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) emerged as standard first‐line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) pathway is involved in tumor development and treatment resistance, which may affect the efficacy of TKI + IO.

Methods

Two cohorts from our center (ZS‐MRCC, ZS‐HRRCC), one cohort from clinical trial (JAVELIN Renal 101) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA‐KIRC) were enrolled. HMOX1 pathway signatures were determined for each sample by RNA‐sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration was evaluated by flow cytometry. Response and progression‐free survival (PFS) were set as primary endpoints.

Results

Patients of low‐HMOX1 signature showed higher objective response rate (43.5% vs. 27.3%) in ZS‐MRCC cohort and longer PFS in both cohorts (ZS‐MRCC cohort, p = 0.019; JAVELIN‐101 cohort, p = 0.036). Patients in the high‐HMOX1 signature arm also showed greater clinical benefit from TKI + IO, rather than TKI monotherapy (p < 0.001). In high‐HMOX1 signature RCC tissues, CD8+ T cells showed a dysfunctional phenotype with decreased GZMB expression (Spearman's ρ = −0.32, p = 0.045). A risk score based on HMOX1 signature was further constructed by random forest approach, involving HMOX1 signature and immunologic features. In patients with a low risk level, TKI + IO combination therapy demonstrated longer PFS than TKI monotherapy (p < 0.001), however in individuals with a high risk score group, these two regimens did not give different advantages.

Conclusions

Our study identified the HMOX1 pathway signature was a potential prognostic factor of progression‐free survival for TKI + IO combination therapy in the advanced RCC in different cohort, especially in first‐line management of mRCC in the Javelin 101 cohort. Moreover, HMOX1 signature was associated with T‐cell function in tumor environment.
Postoperative chemotherapy significantly improves survival of elderly patients with stage IB‐II non‐small cell lung cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Liu Wujianhong , Ma Shangshang , Shi Pingfan , Zhang Yanfei , Li Ming
Published: April 2023

Background

There is scant evidence‐based information about survival benefits of postoperative chemotherapy in elderly patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study is to compare the overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates of surgery alone versus postoperative chemotherapy in patients aged ≥70 years with stage I‐II NSCLC.

Methods

Elderly patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with stage I‐II NSCLC were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015. OS and CSS were compared between the two groups utilizing overlap weighting analysis, inverse probability of treatment weight (IPTW), and propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

Of the 7193 included patients with stage I‐II NSCLC who are more than 70 years old, 681 patients (9.5%) received postoperative chemotherapy and 6512 patients (90.5%) received surgery‐alone. Median OS was 77 months in postoperative chemotherapy group versus 79 months in surgery‐alone group (p = 0.89). The result of IPTW analysis showed the similar results. The probability of patients choosing chemotherapy increased with the AJCC stage and Grade increasing (p < 0.001) and decreased with the growth of age (p < 0.001). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the survival rate of stage IA patients decreased significantly after postoperative chemotherapy (p < 0.01) while the survival rate of stage IB‐II patients increased significantly (p < 0.01). At the same time, we found that patients in the postoperative chemotherapy group tended to have better OS than those in the surgery‐alone group with the grade and tumor size increasing.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that postoperative chemotherapy could significantly improve the survival of stage IB‐II NSCLC patients aged ≥70 years, and decrease the survival of stage IA patients.
A pilot study: Metabolic profiling of plasma and saliva samples from newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients
Authors: Muller Bark Juliana , Karpe Avinash V. , Doecke James D. , Leo Paul , Jeffree Rosalind L. , Chua Benjamin , Day Bryan W. , Beale David J. , Punyadeera Chamindie
Published: April 2023

Background

Despite aggressive treatment, more than 90% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients experience recurrences. GBM response to therapy is currently assessed by imaging techniques and tissue biopsy. However, difficulties with these methods may cause misinterpretation of treatment outcomes. Currently, no validated therapy response biomarkers are available for monitoring GBM progression. Metabolomics holds potential as a complementary tool to improve the interpretation of therapy responses to help in clinical interventions for GBM patients.

Methods

Saliva and blood from GBM patients were collected pre and postoperatively. Patients were stratified conforming their progression‐free survival (PFS) into favourable or unfavourable clinical outcomes (>9 months or PFS ≤ 9 months, respectively). Analysis of saliva (whole‐mouth and oral rinse) and plasma samples was conducted utilising LC‐QqQ‐MS and LC‐QTOF‐MS to determine the metabolomic and lipidomic profiles. The data were investigated using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses and graphical LASSO‐based graphic network analyses.

Results

Altogether, 151 metabolites and 197 lipids were detected within all saliva and plasma samples. Among the patients with unfavourable outcomes, metabolites such as cyclic‐AMP, 3‐hydroxy‐kynurenine, dihydroorotate, UDP and cis‐aconitate were elevated, compared to patients with favourable outcomes during pre‐and post‐surgery. These metabolites showed to impact the pentose phosphate and Warburg effect pathways. The lipid profile of patients who experienced unfavourable outcomes revealed a higher heterogeneity in the abundance of lipids and fewer associations between markers in contrast to the favourable outcome group.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that changes in salivary and plasma metabolites in GBM patients can potentially be employed as less invasive prognostic biomarkers/biomarker panel but validation with larger cohorts is required.
RNA analysis of intronic variants in the LAMA2 gene detected by whole genome sequencing confirms a rare dual diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy
Authors: Washington Camerun , Stolerman Elliot S. , Cooley‐Coleman Jessica A. , Jones Julie R. , Chen‐Deutsch Xiangwen
Published: April 2023

We see that a multiple methods approach to diagnosis remains necessary in the era of whole genome sequencing. We also observe that reproductive risk genetic counseling can be a motivating factor for further testing along the diagnostic odyssey.
The anesthetic consideration of a gravid patient with osteogenesis imperfecta undergoing cesarean section: A case report.
Authors: Hu Tao , Chen Tao , Luo Lin , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yu , Fu Qiang
Published: April 2023

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare disorder of bone fragility. Gravid patients with OI usually need cesarean and may present multiple challenges. We present a case of an OI patient with severe scoliosis and an anticipated difficult airway undergoing cesarean section, with details on perioperative assessment and strategy of anesthesia.
Postprogression treatment of lenvatinib plus PD‐1 inhibitor in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: An Chao , Fu Yan , Li Wang , Zuo Mengxuan , Wu Peihong
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This study compares the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and programmed cell death protein (PD)‐1 versus lenvatinib alone for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (Ad‐HCC) refractory to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).

Methods

From April 2016 to September 2021, 145 patients with Ad‐HCC refractory to HAIC based on modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria were enrolled by two radiologists and classified into the HAIC‐lenvatinib group (H‐L, n = 87) and HAIC‐lenvatinib‐PD‐1 group (H‐L‐P, n = 58). A propensity score‐matching method was used to reduce selective bias. The overall survival (OS) and postprogression‐free survival (PPS) rates were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank test. Multivariable analyses of independent prognostic factors were evaluated by means of the forward stepwise Cox regression model.

Results

After propensity score matching 1:1, the median OS was 43.6 months in the H‐L‐P group and was significantly longer than that (18.9 months) of the H‐L group (p = .009). The median PPS was 35.6 months in the H‐L‐P group and was significantly longer than that (9.4 months) of the H‐L group (p = .009). Multivariate analyses showed that the factors that ‎significantly affected the OS were‎ α‐fetoprotein (hazard ratio [HR], 2.14; 95% CI, 1.26–3.98; p = .006), early response to HAIC (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 1.20–3.85; p = .009), and H‐L treatment (HR, ‎0.52; 95% CI, 0.30–0.86; p = .012). Modified albumin‐bilirubin grade (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03–1.70; p = .026), early response to HAIC (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25–0.77; p = .004), and H‐L (HR, ‎0.47‎; 95% CI, 0.28–0.78; p = .003) significantly affected the PPS.

Conclusions

This combination therapy of PD‐1 inhibitors plus lenvatinib has promising survival benefits in the management of patients with Ad‐HCC refractory to HAIC.

Plain Language Summary

Lenvatinib plus programmed death 1 inhibitor is an effective and safe postprogression treatment and improved significantly overall survival and postprogression‐free survival compared with lenvatinib alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.
The chromatic atmosphere of Chilean Patagonia: The color of vastness
Authors: Cordero‐Jahr Elisa , Cerda‐Brintrup Gonzalo
Published: April 2023

This text proposes exploring the relationship between color, landscape, and architecture. It refers to the interrelation between the color of the landscape and architecture of one of the world's southernmost regions, Patagonia, at the southernmost tip of Chile. It is suggested that the chromatic atmosphere of this territory is marked by the vastness of the landscape, incorporating its architecture. The study is approached from an exploratory and chromatic observation perspective, through photographs and watercolors, supported by a historical and planimetric (plans and maps) literature review. The results show a complex territory, whose chromatic atmosphere evinces a deep and indissoluble link between color, landscape, and architectural heritage, concluding that the colors found onsite form an intrinsic part of this territory's identity.
The WNK1–ERK5 route plays a pathophysiological role in ovarian cancer and limits therapeutic efficacy of trametinib
Authors: Sánchez‐Fdez Adrián , Matilla‐Almazán Sofía , Montero Juan Carlos , Del Carmen Sofía , Abad Mar , García‐Alonso Sara , Bhattacharya Somshuvra , Calar Kristin , de la Puente Pilar , Ocaña Alberto , Pandiella Atanasio , Esparís‐Ogando Azucena
Published: April 2023

Background

The dismal prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer calls for the development of novel therapies to improve disease outcome. In this regard, we set out to discover new molecular entities and to assess the preclinical effectiveness of their targeting.

Methods

Cell lines, mice and human ovarian cancer samples were used. Proteome profiling of human phosphokinases, in silico genomic analyses, genetic (shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9) and pharmacological strategies as well as an ex vivo human preclinical model were performed.

Results

We identified WNK1 as a highly phosphorylated protein in ovarian cancer and found that its activation or high expression had a negative impact on patients’ survival. Genomic analyses showed amplification of WNK1 in human ovarian tumours. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that WNK1 exerted its action through the MEK5–ERK5 signalling module in ovarian cancer. Loss of function, genetic or pharmacological experiments, demonstrated anti‐proliferative and anti‐tumoural effects of the targeting of the WNK1–MEK5–ERK5 route. Additional studies showed that this pathway modulated the anti‐tumoural properties of the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib. Thus, treatment with trametinib activated the WNK1–MEK5–ERK5 route, raising the possibility that this effect may limit the therapeutic benefit of ERK1/2 targeting in ovarian cancer. Moreover, in different experimental settings, including an ex vivo patient‐derived model consisting of ovarian cancer cells cultured with autologous patient sera, we show that inhibition of WNK1 or MEK5 increased the anti‐proliferative and anti‐tumour efficacy of trametinib.

Conclusions

The present study uncovers the participation of WNK1–MEK5–ERK5 axis in ovarian cancer pathophysiology, opening the possibility of acting on this pathway with therapeutic purposes. Another important finding of the present study was the activation of that signalling axis by trametinib, bypassing the anti‐tumoural efficacy of this drug. That fact should be considered in the context of the use of trametinib in ovarian cancer.
Quantifying phenological landmarks of migration shows nonuniform use of the Caribbean by shorebirds
Authors: Cañizares Jessica Rozek , Edwards Collin B. , Reed J. Michael
Published: April 2023

Of the boreal‐ and Arctic‐breeding North American shorebirds that migrate south through the Caribbean, most individuals continue farther south. However, for many species, some individuals remain beyond the southbound migration period (i.e., throughout the temperate winter and/or summer). This variation among individuals adds complexity to observation data, obscures migration patterns, and could prevent the examination of the use of different Caribbean regions by various shorebird species during migration and in the nonmigratory seasons. Here, we present a novel method that leverages a well‐established statistical approach (generalized additive models) to systematically identify migration phenology even for complex passage migrant species with individuals that remain beyond migration. Our method identifies the active migration period using derivatives of a fitted GAM and then calculates phenology metrics based on quantiles of that migration period. We also developed indices to quantify oversummering and overwintering patterns with respect to migration. We analyzed eBird data for 16 North American shorebird species as they traveled South through the insular Caribbean, identifying separate migratory patterns for Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Trinidad and Tobago. Our results confirm past reports and provide additional detail on shorebird migration in the Caribbean, and identify several previously unpublished regional patterns. Despite Puerto Rico being farther north and closer to continental North America, most species reached Puerto Rico later than other regions, supporting a long‐standing hypothesis that migration strategy (transcontinental vs. transoceanic) leads to geographic differences in migration timing. We also found distinct patterns of migration curves, with some regions and species consistently having either symmetrical or skewed curves; these differences in migration curve shape reflect different migration processes. Our novel method proved reliable and adaptable for most species and serves as a valuable tool for identifying phenological patterns in complex migration data, potentially unlocking previously intractable data.
Species richness drives selection of individuals within wetlands based on traits related to acquisition and utilization of light
Authors: Deschamps Lucas , Proulx Raphaël , Rheault Guillaume , Gross Nicolas , Watson Christopher , Maire Vincent
Published: April 2023

Selection within natural communities has mainly been studied along large abiotic gradients, while the selection of individuals within populations should occur locally in response to biotic filters. To better leverage the role of the latter, we considered the hierarchal nature of environmental selection for the multiple dimensions of the trait space across biological levels, that is, from the species to the community and the ecosystem levels. We replicated a natural species richness gradient where communities included from two to 16 species within four wetlands (bog, fen, meadow, and marsh) contrasting in plant productivity. We sampled functional traits from individuals in each community and used hierarchical distributional modeling in order to analyze the independent variation of the mean and dispersion of functional trait space at ecosystem, community, and species levels. The plant productivity gradient observed between wetlands led to species turnover and selection of traits related to leaf nutrient conservation/acquisition strategy. Within wetlands, plant species richness drove trait variation across both communities and species. Among communities, variation of species richness correlated with the selection of individuals according to their use of vertical space and leaf adaptations to light conditions. Within species, intraspecific light‐related trait variation in response to species richness was associated with stable population density for some species, while others reached low population density in more diverse communities. Within ecosystems, variation in biotic conditions selects individuals along functional dimensions that are independent of those selected across ecosystems. Within‐species variations of light‐related traits are related to demographic responses, linking biotic selection of individuals within communities to eco‐evolutionary dynamics of species.
Plastic loss of motile cilia in the gills of Polypterus in response to high CO2 or terrestrial environments
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Nakamuta Nobuaki , Nikaido Masato
Published: April 2023

The evolutionary transition of vertebrates from water to land during the Devonian period was accompanied by major changes in animal respiratory systems in terms of physiology and morphology. Indeed, the fossil record of the early tetrapods has revealed the existence of internal gills, which are vestigial fish‐like traits used underwater. However, the fossil record provides only limited data on the process of the evolutionary transition of gills from fish to early tetrapods. This study investigated the gills of Polypterus senegalus, a basal ray‐finned/amphibious fish which shows many ancestral features of stem Osteichthyes. Based on scanning electron microscopy observations and transcriptome analysis, the existence of motile cilia in the gills was revealed which may create a flow on the gill surface leading to efficient ventilation or remove particles from the surface. Interestingly, these cilia were observed to disappear after rearing in terrestrial or high CO2 environments, which mimics the environmental changes in the Devonian period. The cilia re‐appeared after being returned to the original aquatic environment. The ability of plastic changes of gills in Polypterus revealed in this study may allow them to survive in fluctuating environments, such as shallow swamps. The ancestor of Osteichthyes is expected to have possessed such plasticity in the gills, which may be one of the driving forces behind the transition of vertebrates from water to land.
Evaluating the evolutionary mechanisms maintaining alternative mating strategies in a simulated bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) population
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Chang Sarah L. , Giglio Rachael M. , Davenport Kaeli , Fisher Jeff , Lowery Erin , Bearlin Andrew , Simmons Ryan , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Day Casey C. , Landguth Erin L.
Published: April 2023

The coexistence of distinct alternative mating strategies (AMS) is often explained by mechanisms involving trade‐offs between reproductive traits and lifetime fitness; yet their relative importance remains poorly understood. Here, we used an established individual‐based, spatially explicit model to simulate bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Skagit River (Washington, USA) and investigated the influence of female mating preference, sneaker‐specific mortality, and variation in age‐at‐maturity on AMS persistence using global sensitivity analyses and boosted regression trees. We assumed that two genetically fixed AMS coexisted within the population: sneaker males (characterized by younger age‐at‐maturity, greater AMS‐specific mortality, and lower reproductive fitness) and territorial males. After 300 years, variation in relative sneaker success in the system was explained by sneaker males' reproductive fitness (72%) and, to a lesser extent, the length of their reproductive lifespan (21%) and their proportion in the initial population (8%). However, under a wide range of parameter values, our simulated scenarios predicted the extinction of territorial males or their persistence in small, declining populations. Although these results do not resolve the coexistence of AMS in salmonids, they reinforce the importance of mechanisms reducing sneaker's lifetime reproductive success in favoring AMS coexistence within salmonid populations but also limit the prediction that, without any other selective mechanisms at play, strong female preference for mating with territorial males and differences in reproductive lifespan allow the stable coexistence of distinct AMS.
What causes bird‐building collision risk? Seasonal dynamics and weather drivers
Authors: Scott Kara M. , Danko Attilla , Plant Paloma , Dakin Roslyn
Published: April 2023

Bird‐building collisions are a major source of wild bird mortality, with hundreds of millions of fatalities each year in the United States and Canada alone. Here, we use two decades of daily citizen science monitoring to characterize day‐to‐day variation in building collisions and determine the factors that predict the highest risk times in two North American cities. We use these analyses to evaluate three potential causes of increased collision risk: heightened migration traffic during benign weather, increased navigational and flight errors during inclement weather, and increased errors in response to highly directional sunlight that enhances reflected images. The seasonal phenology of collisions was consistent across sites and years, with daily collision rates approximately twofold higher in autumn as compared to spring. During both migration seasons, collision risk was best predicted by the weather conditions at dawn. In spring, peak collision risk occurs on days with warm temperatures, south winds, and a lack of precipitation at dawn. In autumn, peak collision occurs on days with cool temperatures, north winds, high atmospheric pressure, a lack of precipitation, and clear conditions with high visibility. Based on these results, we hypothesize that collisions are influenced by two main weather‐driven mechanisms. First, benign weather at dawn and winds that are favorable for migration cause an increase in migration traffic in both spring and autumn, creating greater opportunity for collisions to occur. Second, for autumnal migrants, cold clear conditions may cause an additional increase in collision risk. We propose that these conditions may be particularly hazardous in autumn because of the high abundance of naïve and diurnal migrants at that time of year. Our analysis also establishes that a relatively small proportion of days (15%) are responsible for 50% of the total collision mortality within a season, highlighting the importance of targeting mitigation strategies to the most hazardous times.
In search of a perfect trait set: A workflow presentation based on the conservation status assessment of Poland's dendroflora
Authors: Paź‐Dyderska Sonia , Jagodziński Andrzej M.
Published: April 2023

Considering the dynamically changing environment, we cannot be sure whether we are using the best possible plant functional traits to explain ecological mechanisms. We provide a quantitative comparison of 13 trait sets to determine the availability of functional traits representing different plant organs, assess the trait sets with the highest explanatory potential, and check whether including a higher number of traits in a model increases its accuracy. We evaluated the trait sets by preparing 13 models using similar methodology and responding to a research question: How do models with different sets of functional traits predict the conservation status of species? We used the dataset covering all woody species from Poland (N = 387), with 23 functional traits. Our findings indicate that what matters most for a trait set of high explanatory power is the precise selection of those traits. The best fit model was based on the findings of Díaz et al. (2016; The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, 529, 167‐171) and included only six traits. Importantly, traits representing different plant organs should be included whenever possible: Three of the four best models from our comparison were the ones that included traits of various plant organs.
Predator signaling of multiple prey on different trophic levels structures trophic cascades
Authors: Belgrad Benjamin A. , Smee Delbert L. , Weissburg Marc J.
Published: April 2023

The capacity of an apex predator to produce nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) in multiple prey trophic levels can create considerable complexity in nonconsumptive cascading interactions, but these effects are poorly studied. We examined such effects in a model food web where the apex predator (blue crabs) releases chemical cues in urine that affect both the intermediate consumer (mud crabs seek shelter) and the basal prey (oysters are induced to grow stronger shells). Shelter availability and predator presence were manipulated in a laboratory experiment to identify patterns in species interactions. Then, experimentally induced and uninduced oysters were planted across high‐quality and low‐quality habitats with varying levels of shelter availability and habitat heterogeneity to determine the consistency of these patterns in the field. Oyster shell thickening in response to blue crab chemical cues generally protected oysters from mud crab predation in both the laboratory and in field environments that differed in predation intensity, structural complexity, habitat heterogeneity, and predator composition. However, NCEs on the intermediate predator (greater use of refugia) opposed the NCEs on oyster prey in the interior of oyster reefs while still providing survival advantages to basal prey on reef edges and bare substrates. Thus, the combined effects of changing movement patterns of intermediate predators and morphological defenses of basal prey create complex, but predictable, patterns of NCEs across landscapes and ecotones that vary in structural complexity. Generalist predators that feed on multiple trophic levels are ubiquitous, and their potential effects on NCEs propagating simultaneously to different trophic levels must be quantified to understand the role of NCEs in food webs.
Synthesis and Properties of the Perfluoroethyl Martin Silicate: Reactivity in Solution and Solid‐State Mechanochemistry
Authors: Millanvois Alexandre , Tan Choon‐Hong , Ollivier Cyril , Fensterbank Louis
Published: April 2023

We herein report the first synthesis of a Martin silicate bearing a pentafluoroethyl chain. The full characterisation of this new pentacoordinated silicon species is detailed. Insights on its electronic properties based on structural, physicochemical and computational data are provided. A comparative study of reactivity in solution and in solid state by mechanochemistry has been performed in order to assess the ability of this bench‐stable salt to act as a safe C2F5‐alkylation reagent in a nucleophilic or radical manner.
Ultra‐reliability and low‐latency communications on the internet of things based on5Gnetwork: Literature review, classification, and future research view
Authors: Sefati Seyed Salar , Halunga Simona
Published: April 2023

A new technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT) uses several sensor devices and communication protocols. By implementing cutting‐edge and modern equipment, people use IoT to make their lives easier. Home automation is one of them, and it works with actuators and sensors. However, increasing the number of devices in the IoT network could degrade the Quality of Service (QoS). Therefore, an appropriate framework in software and hardware can improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) and QoS for all users. One of the critical QoS measures in IoT is called Ultra Reliability and Low Latency Communication (URLLC). URLLC is essential in the IoT network released from the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) cellular. However, a systematic and comprehensive investigation of the practical procedures for URLLC in IoT needs to be done. This paper comprehensively investigates the existing methodologies in this subject. All the chosen techniques are separated into four categories to obtain a complete picture of the topic: structure‐based, diversity‐based, metaheuristic algorithm‐based, and channel state information. In this paper, we also investigate more benefits and drawbacks of other QoS when URLLC is applied in the IoT network. This paper highlights the challenges of URLLC in IoT networks and describes future open issues in detail to provide an efficient way for researchers in this field.
Measurement of carbohydrates and organic acids in varieties of cheese using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud E. , Hammam Ahmed R. A. , Ali Abd El‐Fatah , Alsaleem Khalid A. , Elfaruk Mohamed Salem , Kamel Dalia G. , Moneeb Asmaa H. M.
Published: April 2023

Lactose is converted to lactic acid through fermentation and ripening of cheese using starter cultures. The content of lactic acid and organic acids formed during storage of cheese is different based on the type of starter cultures, pH, processing, and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the carbohydrates and organic acids of four different commercial cheese samples (Parmesan, Mozzarella, Swiss, and Cheddar cheese) using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The lactose content in Cheddar cheese was significantly high (p < .05) as compared to Parmesan cheese while Mozzarella and Swiss cheese did not have lactose. However, galactose was low in Swiss cheese as compared to other cheese types, while glucose did not detect in all cheese samples. Organic acids such as citric, succinic, lactic, and butanoic acids were high in Parmesan cheese relative to other cheese types. Additionally, pyruvic and propanoic acids were high (p < .05) in Swiss cheese while acetic and orotic acids were elevated (p < .05) in Mozzarella cheese relative to other types of cheese.