bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Chronic Coccydynia
Authors: Gönen Aydın Canan , Örsçelik Aydan , Gök Mustafa Cantay , Akman Yunus Emre
Published: January 2020

Objective: Coccydynia is a disorder that decreases quality of life with significant functional failure. Extra-corporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is used to treat several painful musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects and Methods: The medical records of 34 patients (29 females, 5 males) who had been treated with ESWT between 2017 and 2018 for chronic coccydynia were evaluated. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were noted at the initial consultation, at each session, and during the initial and follow-up (at 6 months) examinations after the treatment. The 36-item short form (SF-36) quality of life scale survey was conducted at the beginning and end of the treatment. MRI was performed before the start of the procedure and 1 month after the end of the treatment. Results: The mean VAS score was 9.6 (9–10) before the treatment and 3.4 (0–2) after the treatment (p < 0.05). The VAS score decreased to ≤3 in 79.4% of patients. Bone marrow edema regressed in 6% of patients. Significant improvement was observed in all of the SF-36 parameters, except for two. Conclusion: In our patient group, ESWT provided effective pain control. In order to evaluate the efficacy of ESWT more accurately and sensitively, prospective randomized studies with longer follow-up periods, in which ESWT is compared with different energy doses and different treatment methods, are needed.
Apresentação
Authors: Vicente Eduardo
Published: January 2020

É com orgulho e alegria que apresentamos aos leitores mais uma edição da Novos Olhares. Graças ao apoio fundamental da Universidade de São Paulo, através do portal de revistas do Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas, e à confiança e empenho de autores e pareceristas, temos conseguido manter aberto este espaço de partilha do conhecimento criado em 2007 pelo Prof. Dr. Mauro Wilton de Sousa e pelo Grupo de Estudos de Práticas de Recepção a Produtos Midiáticos.
O discurso da felicidade no contexto das organizações
Authors: Gomes Luciana Buksztejn
Published: January 2020

À luz do “pensamento complexo”, este artigo objetiva refletir, mesmo que provisoriamente, sobre a perspectiva de felicidade na contemporaneidade, bem como identificar a presença (ou não) de elementos que remetam ao discurso da felicidade, enquanto “estratégias sensíveis”, nos portais e nas fanpages das cinco organizações eleitas no Brasil como as melhores empresas para se trabalhar segundo o Great Place to Work.
Canguilhem, Foucault e a medicina
Authors: Teixeira Rafael Henrique
Published: January 2020

Este artigo aborda o tratamento que Canguilhem e Foucault oferecem da medicina. Passando pelas distintas análises da clínica, da medicina em sua história e de seu aspecto social e político, observaremos desdobramentos irredutíveis em torno de uma problemática compartilhada.
A terceira significação dos nomes universais na Logica Ingredientibus de Abelardo
Authors: Takayama Luiz Roberto
Published: January 2020

Este artigo pretende fazer uma breve apresentação do platonismo não-realista de Abelardo através da solução dada na Logica Ingredientibus à célebre “querela dos universais”.
Sobre a Apologie de l’ennui do Barão de Holbach
Authors: Primo Marcelo De Sant'Anna Alves
Published: January 2020

Em um pequeno escrito intitulado Apologie de l’ennui et des ennuyeux, Holbach, sob uma apologia, repudia a figura do ennuyeux. O retrato dos costumes traçado pelo Barão é acompanhado de uma crítica filosófica que remonta às causas originais tanto da propagação como da universalidade do tédio. Tal reflexão o Barão já empreendera em La Moral Universelle, o que permite fazer uma leitura da Apologie como uma crítica invertida, por meio de uma condenação contundente do tédio, este entendido como uma permanente insatisfação da natureza humana.
As enciclopédias de Michel Foucault
Authors: Soares Jean Dyêgo Gomes
Published: January 2020

Enciclopédia não está entre os termos mais conhecidos de Michel Foucault. Todavia, ao olhar com atenção para algumas ocorrências desse termo ao longo de sua carreira, com uma especial ênfase aos anos de 1960 e 1970, algo se revela ao leitor atento. O intuito desse texto é discernir esse termo no vocabulário foucaultiano, mostrando sua dupla face. Se por um lado, Foucault se refere tecnicamente à Enciclopédia editada por Denis Diderot e Jean D’Alembert; por outro, ele recorre ao termo sugerindo outra prática que não simplesmente elabora um memorial de nossos saberes, mas ultrapassa essa fronteira na direção do que ele chamará de heterotópico. No primeiro momento, o caráter crítico da abordagem levará a considerações sobre os limites do projeto enciclopédico, e as consequências práticas das políticas de memória e esquecimento que ele implica. Num segundo momento, a partir de fontes importantes como Nietzsche, Freud e Marx, compreenderemos as possibilidades de uma nova dobra na história das técnicas de interpretar, em busca de uma ressignificação foucaultiana das enciclopédias.
Tecnologia, ignorância e violência
Authors: Mariconda Pablo Rubén
Published: January 2020

Esta é uma versão ligeiramente modificada da aula inaugural do Departamento de Filosofia para o ano acadêmico de 2019, proferida em 19/03/2019.
Das leis da natureza à ordem econômica: direito natural e fisiocracia
Authors: Vargas Thiago
Published: January 2020

A partir de um exame de textos escritos por Du Pont de Nemours, Le Mercier de la Rivière, Victor Riquetti de Mirabeau e François Quesnay, e tendo em vista a unidade da teoria política formada e desenvolvida pela fisiocracia, buscaremos examinar como a análise econômica dessa doutrina encontra suas condições de emergência a partir de uma elaboração política que lhe é precedente: o jusnaturalismo. Assim, destacaremos a importância desse retorno filosófico para a compreensão de conceitos como produto líquido ou mesmo para a ênfase dada à agricultura. Essa abordagem nos permitirá melhor avaliarmos de que forma o estudo das riquezas não se emancipa de uma teoria social e política que viceja, no final das contas, no tradicional terreno do direito natural.
O olhar distanciado: o programa etnológico de Rousseau
Authors: Arco Junior Mauro Dela Bandera
Published: January 2020

A exortação de Rousseau, feita dois séculos antes de Lévi-Strauss, de levar a vista ao longe, observar as diferenças entre os homens para conhecer o homem em sua especificidade e propriedade dá o tom do que se poderia chamar de antropologia rousseauísta. O conhecimento sobre o homem não é obtido ao olhar para o lado e tomar como referência um tipo qualquer imediatamente disponível. Ao contrário, é preciso de viagens bem regradas, de uma educação do olhar e da organização dos dados colhidos pela observação.
Description of Cryptaphelenchus paravaricaudatus n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea: Ektaphelenchinae) from Pinus massoniana Lamb. in China
Authors: Pedram Majid , Gu Jianfeng , Liu Lele , Guo Kai
Published: January 2020

Cryptaphelenchus paravaricaudatus n. sp., from declining Pinus massoniana in China, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by the 233-308 μm long females with distinctly annulated cuticle, lateral fields with four lines, lip region separated from the body by a shallow depression, delicate stylet with small knobs, post-vulval uterine sac short and rectum and anus invisible. Males are 204-259 μm long, with spicules 8.5-12.0 μm long, condylus well developed and broad, caudal papillae arranged as a single (P1) and a pair of precloacal papillae (P2) plus two pairs of postcloacal papillae (P3 and P4). Based upon the general morphology of the female, the new species most closely resembles C. varicaudatus. The morphological differences with the aforementioned species and other species having similar morphology are discussed. The phylogenetic analyses based on small (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) D2-D3 expansion segments of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of different individuals of the new species revealed that it fell into the clade of Cryptaphelenchus in both SSU and LSU trees. The monophyly of the genus was retained.
The Hazaraspid Dynasty’s Legendary Kayanid Ancestry: the Flowering of Persian Literature under the Patronage of Local Rulers in the Late Il-khanid Period
Authors: Otsuka Osamu
Published: January 2020

This article discusses the flowering of Persian literature under the patronage of the Hazaraspid Nosrat al-Din, the local ruler of Lorestan in the late Il-khanid period. It is generally accepted that Persian literature evolved dramatically under the patronage of Mongol Il-khanid rulers. However, little research deals with the contribution of local rulers to this evolution. Persian literary works offered to Nosrat al-Din present him as a descendant of the legendary Kayanid kings and celebrate him as an ideal ruler who combined the characteristics of a Persian and an Islamic ruler. While accepting the suzerainty of the Il-khanids, Nosrat al-Din justified his power by emphasizing his identity as a Persian ruler by patronizing such cultural activities. This study presents a case where the growing awareness of a local ruler as a legitimate Persian ruler under Mongol domination contributed to the evolution of Persian literature at the time.
The Jalayirid Hidden King and the Unbelief of Shāh Mohammad Qara Qoyunlu
Authors: Binbaş Evrim
Published: January 2020

This article provides an account of the transfer of power from the Jalayirids to the Qara Qoyunlu in ʿErāq al-ʿArab (Iraq) and the religio-political history of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty with a particular focus on the reign of Shāh Mohammad b. Qara Yusof, the Qara Qoyunlu ruler in Baghdad between 1411/814 and 1433/836. Contemporary historians accused Shāh Mohammad of unbelief and apostasy. The article argues that the reports on his conversion to Christianity might be an indication for the existence of a form of Islamic piety that involved the veneration of Jesus. Unlike the veneration of ʿAli b. Abi Tāleb and his descendants, the veneration of Jesus among the Turkmens of the fifteenth century is an understudied topic. This article is a contribution to the debate on the issue of the so-called “Turkmen religiosity,” which is often considered the wellspring of non-mainstream religious movements in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Observations Pertaining to Precipitation within the Northeast Pacific Stratocumulus-to-Cumulus Transition
Authors: Sarkar Mampi , Zuidema Paquita , Albrecht Bruce , Ghate Virendra , Jensen Jorgen , Mohrmann Johannes , Wood Robert
Published: January 2020

Three genuine stratocumulus-to-cumulus transitions sampled during the Cloud System Evolution over the Trades (CSET) campaign are documented. The focus is on Lagrangian evolution of in situ precipitation, thought to exceed radar/lidar retrieved values because of Mie scattering. Two of the three initial stratocumulus cases are pristine [cloud droplet number concentrations (Nd) of ~22 cm−3] but occupied boundary layers of different depths, while the third is polluted (Nd ~ 225 cm−3). Hourly satellite-derived cloud fraction along Lagrangian trajectories indicate that more quickly deepening boundary layers tend to transition faster, into more intense but more occasional precipitation. These transitions begin either in the morning or late afternoon, suggesting that preceding night processes can precondition or delay the inevitable transition. The precipitation shifts toward larger drop sizes throughout the transition as the boundary layers deepen, with aerosol concentrations only diminishing in two of the three cases. Ultraclean (Nd < 1 cm−3) cumulus clouds evolved from pristine stratocumulus cloud with unusually high precipitation rates occupying a shallow, well-mixed boundary layer. Results from a simple one-dimensional evaporation model and from radar/lidar retrievals suggest subcloud evaporation likely increases throughout the transition. This, coupled with larger drop sizes capable of lowering the latent cooling profile, facilitates the transition to more surface-driven convection. The coassociation between boundary layer depth and precipitation does not provide definitive conclusions on the isolated effect of precipitation on the pace of the transition. Differences between the initial conditions of the three examples provide opportunities for further modeling studies.
Do Markets Punish or Reward Corporate Social Responsibility Decoupling?
Authors: García-Sánchez Isabel-María , Hussain Nazim , Khan Sana-Akbar , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer
Published: January 2020

This article analyzes the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling and financial market outcomes. CSR decoupling refers to the gap between CSR disclosure and CSR performance. More specifically, we analyze the effect of CSR decoupling on analysts’ forecast errors, cost of capital, and access to finance. We also examine the moderating effect of forecast errors on relationships between CSR decoupling and cost of capital and access to finance. For a sample of U.S. firms consisting of 7,681 firm-year observations for the period 2006–2015, our empirical evidence supports the idea that a wider gap results in higher analysts’ forecast errors, a greater cost of capital, and reduced access to finance. In addition, our results show that forecast errors enhance the effect of the CSR decoupling on cost of capital and access to financial resources. We also note that external monitoring, in the form of greater analysts’ coverage, reduces CSR decoupling.
Orthogonal cutting of UD-CFRP using multiscale analysis: Finite element modeling
Authors: Hassouna Amira , Mzali Slah , Zemzemi Farhat , Mezlini Salah
Published: January 2020

Unsuitable surface quality is frequently observed in the machining of composites due to their heterogeneity and anisotropic properties. Thus, minimizing the machining damages requires a thorough understanding of the machining process. In this study, two different finite element models were developed using Abaqus/Explicit to simulate the cutting process of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer: (i) a macromechanical model based on the homogenization approach and (ii) a micromechanical model in which the composite constituents were treated separately. The effects of CFRP mechanical properties, the energy of breaking and hourglass control were analyzed using a macromechanical model. The results revealed that CFRP properties and the numerical parameters highly influenced the cutting process. A comparative study was also performed between the macromechanical and the micromechanical models to study the mechanisms of chip formation. It was demonstrated that the material removal mechanisms for both models are in good agreement with the experimental observations for different fiber orientation angles.
A stress-relaxation approach to determine onset of delamination in angle ply laminates
Authors: Xiao Yi , Lv Jiaxin , Ben Jar P-Y
Published: January 2020

A new test method, named multi-relaxation test, is proposed for detecting on-set of delamination in fibre-reinforced polymers. Multi-relaxation test is based on the principle that uses change of stress relaxation behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer to detect the occurrence of delamination. In this study, angle-ply laminated fibre-reinforced polymer (APL-FRP) is used to demonstrate and evaluate multi-relaxation test for detection of the delamination occurrence. The stress relaxation behaviour is characterized using a standard, three-element viscoelastic model in which the Eyring’s law is used to govern the time-dependent stress response to deformation. Results suggest a high possibility of using the trend line change of viscous stress at the beginning of stress relaxation to determine the critical stroke for the onset of delamination. The results also suggest that value for the corresponding static stress is very close to the value reported in the literature for APL-FRP of the same fibre lay-up. The major advantage of multi-relaxation test over other tests for the same purpose is that multi-relaxation test is able to detect delamination without relying on ancillary information such as acoustic signals. Therefore, multi-relaxation test can be used to characterize critical loading and deformation in fibre-reinforced polymer structures of any size and geometry, even when subjected to a loading mode that mimics the in-service loading.
On the synthesis of a polynomial controller for enlarging the stability domain for nonlinear discrete system
Authors: Sabrine Bedoui , Anis Belhadj Brahim , Salwa Elloumi , Naceur Benhadj Braiek
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to propose an algebraic method for estimating the stability region for nonlinear discrete systems. The main contribution is the improvement of an existing technique to enlarge the initial stability region in which the asymptotic stability is guaranteed. To deal with the maximization issue, a state feedback controller is proposed to extend the largest estimation of attraction domain of nonlinear polynomial discrete systems. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated on an isothermal stirred tank reactor.
Evaluation of Stem Cell-Derived Cellular Therapy Products
Authors: Bradley Alys E. , Black Lauren
Published: January 2020

Although there is an increase in the development of new cellular therapies, few guidelines have been published to assist in the design of preclinical studies. As no product and therapeutic intention is entirely alike regulators and Contract Research Organizations need to treat each project on a case-by-case basis. One of the most important considerations in study design is to retain all tissues from the study, thereby allowing for further analysis of tissues should unexpected effects be seen in clinical studies. Input from the pathologist at the earliest stages of study design regarding animal selection, cell markers, and phased tissue examination improves the scientific integrity of the study.
Effects of kinesiotaping and exercise program on patients with obesity-induced coccydynia: a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abdel-Aal Nabil Mahmoud , Elgohary Hany Mohamed , Soliman Elsadat Saad , Waked Intsar Salem
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To investigate the effect of kinesiotaping and a designed exercise program versus sham kinesiotaping and the same exercise program on pain, range of motion, and activities of daily living in obese patients suffering from coccydynia.

Design:

A double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial.

Setting:

Outpatient, Cairo University hospitals.

Participants:

Sixty patients with coccydynia randomized equally into kinesiotape plus exercise and sham kinesiotape plus exercise groups.

Intervention:

The kinesiotape was worn for three days and replaced for three weeks. Each patient practiced exercises for three weeks.

Outcome measures:

All patients were examined by visual analogue scale (VAS) for rating pain, Modified Modified Schober Test (MMST), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). All outcomes were measured at baseline, three weeks postintervention, and four weeks follow-up.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between groups at baseline ( P < 0.05), but there were statistically significant differences between groups for pain score, MMST, and ODI at post and follow-up data in favor of the kinesiotape group ( P < 0.001). For the three weeks postintervention, mean (SD) for pain score, MMST, and ODI was 33.07 ± 3.8, 6.6 ± 0.7, and 8.7 ± 2.1 in the study group and 39.9 ± 4.7, 5.8 ± 1.4, and 14.4 ± 2.7 in the control group, respectively. For the four weeks follow-up, mean (SD) for pain score, MMST, and ODI was 32.2 ± 3.4, 7.13 ± 0.6, and 7.2 ± 1.8 in the study group and 40.9 ± 4.4, 6.6 ± 0.75, and 13 ± 2 in the control group, respectively.

Conclusion:

Experimental kinesiotape intervention and exercise program provided significant improvements in pain, range of motion, and disability. It is suggested as an adjunctive therapy in treating obese patients with coccydynia.
The impact of surviving bowel cancer on occupation: A scoping review
Authors: Martin Elizabeth , Hocking Clare , Sandham Margaret
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The number of people surviving bowel cancer is increasing globally, with many of those affected living with long-term psychological and physical sequelae that potentially disrupt occupations.

Method

A scoping review – guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework – was conducted to provide an overview of what is known about the impact of having had bowel cancer on occupations, and to reveal the potential role of occupational therapy. A systematic search of four databases and a grey literature repository generated 244 results. Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 33 items addressing bowel cancer and occupations were selected and thematically analysed.

Results

Researchers have identified six domains of occupation that are impacted by bowel cancer (social activity, physical activity, sexual activity, employment and role functioning, physical functioning, and self-care) but survivors report a distinct lack of health professional support after completion of medical treatment and being left to devise self-management strategies to accommodate the long-term effects of their cancer.

Conclusion

The sequelae of bowel cancer can have a significant impact on occupational participation. There is scope for increasing and improving occupational therapy input to assist people with cancer-related loss of function to re-engage in valued occupations and improve wellbeing.
Radical mobilities
Authors: Davidson A.C.
Published: January 2020

As mobility becomes a key concept within geography it needs to be considered what a radical approach to mobility means. Reviewing literature on mobilities from within transport, policy mobilities and migration studies, this article discusses three interpretations of radical mobility: scale or speed of changes required in mobility, critical approaches tracing mobilities and relations of power and approaches that question the ontology of mobility. Drawing on material and radical black feminist thought, I instead suggest a rhizomatic understanding of mobility as material-semiotic transformation of energy. This ontology shifts understandings of what just and sustainable mobilities can be.
Modeling Crack Propagation in Bituminous Binders under a Rotational Shear Fatigue Load using Pseudo J-Integral Paris’ Law
Authors: Gao Yangming , Li Linglin , Zhang Yuqing
Published: January 2020

Fatigue resistance of bituminous binders plays a critical role in determining the fatigue performance of asphalt pavements. It is reported in the literature that, under a rotational shear fatigue load like a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, the crack grows in the cylindrical bitumen sample as a circumferential crack that is initiated at the periphery of the sample and propagates toward the center of the sample. This study aims to model this crack propagation in bituminous binders under rotational shear fatigue load by time sweep (TS) fatigue test using the DSR. The crack length in the TS test is determined using a damage mechanics-based DSR-C model which is a function of the shear moduli and phase angles under undamaged and damaged conditions. The crack evolution is modeled by a pseudo J-integral based Paris’ law. Samples of virgin bitumen 40/60 and polymer-modified bitumen X-70 under unaged and aged conditions are tested by the TS tests at different temperatures, frequencies, and strain levels. Results show that the pseudo J-integral Paris’ law is able to predict accurately the crack propagation in bituminous binders under the rotational shear fatigue load. The crack grows faster in aged bitumen or at lower temperatures. The Paris’ law model parameters ( A and n) are independent of loading frequency or load amplitude. They are fundamental material properties and can be determined at one loading frequency and amplitude, then can be implemented to predict the growth of cracks in bituminous binders at different loading frequencies or amplitudes.
The Well-Being of Carers of Older Aboriginal People Living in the Kimberley Region of Remote Western Australia: Empowerment, Depression, and Carer Burden
Authors: LoGiudice Dina , Josif Cathryn M. , Malay Roslyn , Hyde Zoë , Haswell Melissa , Lindeman Melissa A. , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Atkinson David , Bessarab Dawn , Flicker Leon , Smith Kate
Published: January 2020

Objective: To describe demographic features and well-being of carers of Aboriginal Australians aged ≥45 years in remote Western Australia. Method: Carer burden, empowerment, and depression were assessed in 124 Aboriginal carers in four remote Aboriginal communities. Results: Carers were aged 38.8 ± 15.0 years, 73.4% were female, and 75.8% were children or grandchildren of the person cared for. The mean Zarit-6 score was 3.7 ± 3.6. Attending high school (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.1, 0.7]) and feeling empowered (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = [0.1, 0.8]) were inversely associated with carer burden; female carers were less likely to feel empowered (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = [0.2, 0.9]); and empowerment was inversely associated with depression (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = [0.1, 0.7]). Discussion: Aboriginal carers in remote communities are relatively young and most are children or grandchildren. Carer burden was lower than anticipated. However, existing tools may not adequately measure Aboriginal perspectives. Education and empowerment are key factors which support programs must consider.
Perception and Beliefs Regarding Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Modifications Among High-Risk College Students
Authors: Tran Dieu-My T. , Dingley Catherine , Arenas Rogelio
Published: January 2020

Background

Studying risk factors and corresponding behavior in young adults is important as atherosclerotic plaque begins to form in early adulthood, resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and beliefs regarding cardiovascular risk and lifestyle modification among high-risk college students (based on Framingham 30-year risk score).

Methods

Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Risk factors included overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, elevated blood pressure, family history, and smoking. Qualitative interviews revealed six themes: (a) recognizing risk, (b) lifestyle trajectories, (c) factors influencing lifestyles, (d) ideal healthy lifestyle modifications, (e) perceived benefits of healthy lifestyles, and (f) integrating technology and health apps. Participants demonstrated a lack of understanding of how the various factors contributed to CV risk. Influencing factors to a healthy lifestyle were categorized as environmental, relational, financial, work/life/school balance, and internal/intrinsic motivation.

Conclusions

Understanding high-risk college students’ beliefs and perceptions regarding CVD risk factors and lifestyle modification is the first step to assessing the problem facilitating early intervention in the young adult population. Clinicians should assess, develop, and implement risk reduction programs that are tailored to individuals who need it the most, those at high risk.
Effects of a Growth Mindset of Personality on Emerging Adults’ Defender Self-Efficacy, Moral Disengagement, and Perceived Peer Defending
Authors: Derr Shannon , Morrow Michael T.
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the effects of a brief educational exercise aimed to promote a growth mindset of personality (the belief that personality traits are malleable) on outcomes linked to peer defending. Undergraduates ( N = 60) were randomly assigned to complete a learning task designed to foster a growth mindset of personality or to a matching control task. They then read a vignette of a college student victimized by peers and completed paper-and-pencil measures of defender self-efficacy, moral disengagement, and perceived defender behavior, followed by a brief manipulation check. The experimental manipulation was successful, and participants who completed the growth mindset of personality intervention reported higher defender self-efficacy, lower moral disengagement, and higher perceived defending behavior. There was also a significant indirect effect of the experimental manipulation on perceived defending via self-efficacy, suggesting that a growth mindset of personality may influence peer defending through gains in defender self-efficacy. Implications are discussed for bullying prevention, with emphasis on programming for emerging adults at college.
Victimization and Resilience Among Sexual and Gender Minority Homeless Youth Engaging in Survival Sex
Authors: Alessi Edward J. , Greenfield Brett , Manning Dean , Dank Meredith
Published: January 2020

This study examined how a diverse group of sexual and gender minority (SGM) homeless youth described and understood their victimization experiences occurring before they were homeless and those occurring after they were homeless and engaging in survival sex. In addition, the study explored how these youths manifested resilience when living on the street. The sample consisted of 283 racially/ethnically diverse youth between the ages of 15 and 26 years ( M = 19.6, SD = 1.28) living in a large U.S. city. Participants identified their gender as male (47%), female (36%), transgender (15%), or queer and other (3%) and their sexual orientation as bisexual (37%), gay (23%), lesbian (15%), heterosexual (13%), or queer and other (13%). Thirty-seven percent identified as Black, 30% as multiracial, 22% as Latino/a, 5% as White, and 5% as another race. Content and thematic analyses were used to conduct a secondary analysis of qualitative data. Four themes were identified: unsafe and unsupported at home; barriers to housing and employment stability; ongoing victimization and lack of protection; and unexpected opportunities for resilience. Findings demonstrated that participants experienced victimization related not only to their SGM identities but also to chaotic home environments. Once homeless and engaging in survival sex, youth experienced barriers to securing employment and housing as well as victimization by police and clients. These experiences frequently involved prejudice related to their intersecting identities. Despite encountering numerous challenges, participants described surviving on the streets by living openly and forming relationships with other youth. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
In(NO3)3 catalyzed curing reaction of benzoxazine
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Weihong , Pei Li , Zhao Sipei , Zhang Congyun , Wang Zhi
Published: January 2020

Benzoxazine is a new kind of thermoset resin with excellent properties, but it suffers from high curing temperature and low char yield in the presence of catalyst without halogen. In(NO3)3 was herein used for the first time to efficiently catalyze the curing reaction of benzoxazine and to elevate the char yield at 800°C. The reaction of benzoxazine was catalyzed by In(NO3)3 after stirring at 35°C for 300 min, and the initial curing temperature decreased to 151°C. Polybenzoxazine/In(NO3)3 showed higher thermal stability and char yield at 800°C (increased by 7.5%) compared with those of polybenzoxazine. The possible pathway of coordination bonding between In3+ and benzoxazine was proposed. In the cross-linking process, two different structures, that is, the N, O-acetal bridge structure and arylamine Mannich bridge structure formed at 35°C, both existed, which ultimately affected the thermal stability of the cured product.
Deformation behavior in multi-point forming using a strip steel pad
Authors: Qu Erhu , Li Mingzhe , Li Rui
Published: January 2020

The blank is prone to wrinkles and spring-back in multi-point forming, seriously affecting the quality and forming accuracy of the formed part. To improve this state, a sandwich structure constructed from a strip steel pad and blank was presented. The deformation behaviour and forming accuracy using three forming processes, namely, without a cushion, using a polyurethane elastic pad and using a strip steel pad, were analysed by numerical simulation and experimentation. The results showed that the use of the strip steel pad in multi-point forming can effectively increase the deformation resistance of the sheet bending; make the material evenly thinned during forming; suppress defects such as wrinkles, spring-back, dimples and straight edges; and improve the forming accuracy.
One pot and large-scale synthesis of nanostructured metal sulfides: Synergistic effect on supercapacitor performance
Authors: Karthikeyan C , Dhilip Kumar R , Anandha Raj J , Karuppuchamy S
Published: January 2020

Metal sulfides received key interest as an electrode material for storage and conversion of energy. Here, the novel nanostructured N17S18 and (CoNi)3S4 materials were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method, and the synergistic effect of metal ions and electrochemical properties was investigated. A new and simple solution growth technique was employed in this work. The prepared nanopowders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the prepared nanopowder revealed the formation of cubic phase cobalt nickel sulfides (CoNi)3S4 and hexagonal phase nickel sulfides (Ni17S18). Scanning electron microscopy analysis display fibrous, flakes and sheet-like morphology for CoxSx, N17S18 and (CoNi)3S4, respectively. Fibrous and sheet-like morphology exhibits higher electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. The electrochemical behavior of the amorphous CoxSx, crystallite Ni17S18 and (CoNi)3S4 modified electrodes was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques. The specific capacitance of 57 F/g and 31 F/g were obtained for the amorphous CoxSx and crystalline (CoNi)3S4 powder, respectively. Amorphous CoxSx modified electrode retains 76% of initial capacitance after 1000 repeated cycling process. These results of this study suggest that the CoxSx and crystalline (CoNi)3S4 are appropriate materials for supercapacitor applications.
Plane harmonic waves in a thermoelastic solid with double porosity
Authors: Singh Dilbag , Kumar Davinder , Tomar S. K.
Published: January 2020

Propagation of time harmonic plane waves in an infinite thermoelastic solid medium with double porosity is studied in this paper. It is found that there may exist five basic waves consisting of four sets of coupled longitudinal waves and an independent transverse wave traveling at different speeds. Each set of coupled longitudinal waves is found to be dispersive, attenuating and depends upon the presence of both types of voids and thermal properties in the medium. The lone transverse wave is found to be non-dispersive and non-attenuating, and does not depend on the presence of voids and thermal properties, and travels with the speed of the shear wave of classical elasticity. Two sets of the coupled longitudinal waves face critical frequencies, below which these waves do not propagate in the medium. These critical frequencies depend upon the presence of voids and thermal parameters of the medium. The reflection phenomenon of a set of incident coupled longitudinal wave from the stress-free and thermally insulated boundary surface of a half-space has been studied. For a particular model, the phase speeds, attenuation coefficients, amplitude ratios and energy ratios have been computed numerically, presented graphically and discussed.
Customer Participation Variation and Its Impact on Customer Service Performance: Underlying Process and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Menguc Bulent , Auh Seigyoung , Wang Fatima
Published: January 2020

Drawing on the customer participation (CP) literature, this research proposes that CP variation is the degree to which employees perceive variability across customers with regard to customers sharing information, time, and effort and making suggestions to enhance the service delivery process and outcome. Drawing on the job demands–resources model, this research explicates the mediating process by which CP variation affects customer service performance and its boundary conditions. Study 1 uses data from a field study in the banking industry to show that CP variation negatively influences customer service performance through greater customer-related burnout. The authors show that this mediation process is moderated by contingencies that mitigate or exacerbate the indirect relationship. Study 2 further validates the CP variation construct by testing for discriminant validity against similar and related constructs, such as CP quality, in more diverse service industries (insurance, legal consulting, travel and tourism, health care, and physical fitness). Finally, an examination of the moderating role of CP quality provides a more nuanced picture of the intricacies between CP variation and CP quality. This article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications for CP variation research.
Influence of surface topography on the friction and dynamic characteristics of spur gears
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Jianmei , Zhang Hong , Chen Jian , Liu Kun
Published: January 2020

As an important excitation source of gear dynamic problems, the time-varying friction of tooth surface is closely related to its topography. Considering the friction characteristics of tooth surface is of great significance to improve the calculation accuracy of gear dynamic characteristics. In order to solve the problem that the variation of tooth friction coefficient was simplified too much in the previous gear dynamics research, the time-varying tooth friction coefficient is obtained by fitting the results of twin-disc test in this research. To investigate the influence of tooth surface topography on the friction and dynamic characteristics of spur gears, the relationship between surface topography and friction coefficient under line contact condition is studied using twin-disc tester and analyzed by 3D topography parameters in ISO 25178. The time-varying friction coefficients of spur gears with different tooth surface topographies during meshing are fitted with the experimental results. The influence of time-varying friction coefficient caused by the tooth surface topography on the dynamic characteristics of spur gears under different operating conditions is examined by substituting the fitting curves of time-varying friction coefficient into the multi-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of spur gears. The results show that this influence is mainly embodied in the off-line-of-action direction, which is the direction of friction force acting on the tooth surface. The dynamic characteristics of gears with different surface topography are obviously different under various working conditions. The method presents in this paper simplifies the application of tooth contact analysis in the study of time-varying tooth friction characteristics, which will provide a new way for the gear dynamics research considering the tooth surface topography.
Understanding Women’s Resistance to Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rajah Valli , Osborn Max
Published: January 2020

Scholars widely acknowledge that women oppose male violence and control in intimate relationships. Yet there is limited comprehensive knowledge of how resistance features in intimate partner violence (IPV) research across the social sciences. Our scoping review helps fill this gap, analyzing and synthesizing 74 research articles published in English-language scholarly journals between 1994 and 2017. Our review is guided by the following questions: (1) How is research on IPV and resistance designed and executed? (2) How do IPV researchers define the term resistance? (3) What specific types of resistance do IPV researchers discuss in their work? (4) What policy and practice implications are provided by current literature on women’s resistance to IPV? We find that scholarship on resistance to IPV is varied, spanning 10 scholarly disciplines with research samples drawn from 19 countries. Studies overwhelmingly used qualitative data, gathered through a range of techniques. The 42 articles that explicitly or implicitly defined resistance either conceptualized the term in the context of power relations, defined it as a form of agency, or understood resistance as a mechanism of physical, economic, and existential survival. Articles also identify several subtypes of resistance strategies including avoidance, help-seeking, active opposition, violent action, and leaving a violent relationship. In terms of practice and policy, articles identify several ways in which institutions fail to meet women’s needs, and recommend training so providers and legal personnel may better assist IPV victims.
Like Moths to a Flame: Unsecured Networks, Tech-Savvy Students, and District Policy
Authors: Becker Jonathan D. , Levin Douglas A.
Published: January 2020

School systems collect and maintain increasingly significant amounts of data and information on students, faculty, and staff and have a duty of care to ensure that sensitive information remains secure. Therefore, sitting and/or aspiring school leaders need to develop at least a basic understanding of data privacy and information security considerations. In this case, students discover a way to log in to internal district information systems and gain access to sensitive school and district data and information. School and district leaders are faced with the challenge of how to respond to such an information security breach and how to discipline the students. This case should cause sitting and/or aspiring school leaders to think deeply about and examine technology policies, information security protocols, as well as related school discipline policies.
Process parameters optima in quick-point grinding ceramics based on the intelligent algorithm
Authors: Zhou Yunguang , Ma Lianjie , Tan Yanqing , Liu Tao , Li Hongyang
Published: January 2020

This article studied the relationship between surface roughness and surface micro hardness of the hard-brittle materials and the process parameters in quick-point grinding, and then established the prediction model for the surface micro hardness and surface roughness by the back propagation network which was an improved genetic algorithm. Through the experiments of the quick-point grinding of ceramics, surface roughness and surface micro hardness were tested, and reliability of the model was validated thereby. Based on the least square fitting of the experiment value and prediction value, the one-dimensional analytic model for surface roughness and surface micro hardness had been, respectively, developed in terms of grinding speed, grinder work-table feed speed, grinding depth, incline angle, and deflection angle as process parameters. Both the correlation test and experiment verification indicated that the model exhibited a high level of accuracy. The multivariate model of surface roughness and surface micro hardness can be constructed by means of immune algorithms and orthogonal experiment data. With the optimum objective of the minimum surface roughness and maximum surface micro hardness, a set of optimized process parameters was obtained using immune algorithms, and experiment verification proved that the error value was less than 10%.
Zimbabwe: The conflictual relations between journalism and politics in the first decade of independence
Authors: Chuma Wallace
Published: January 2020

African countries where democracy and majority rule came about through negotiated transitions are often conflicted polities in which elements of the new order exist uneasily with strong currents of the ancien regime. The media in these ‘transitioning’ societies naturally find themselves at the forefront of interpreting and representing these contradictions through deploying both ‘old’ journalistic frames and creating new narratives. In doing so, African journalists mediating this initial phase of the postcolonial transition negotiate a complex terrain: fielding pressures from an array of power centres including the new political elite transforming itself from a liberation movement into a democratic government, corporate hierarchies with strong links to the past, advertisers and media owners. They are also confronted with a plethora of expectations of how they should represent the new order, in part based on who they are, in terms of race, gender and class. This article focuses on the journalism-politics nexus within the first decade of democracy in Zimbabwe, identifying key moments and sites where the matrix of influences (and contradictions) played itself out. It does so through archival research, including selected biographies published by journalists who lived through the contested transition. The results suggest that in Zimbabwe, the structural factors shaping journalism practice rested to a large extent on a set of expectations of a ‘collaborative’ media by the new political elite, which adopted an aggressive stick and carrot approach to enforcing journalistic collaboration. At the same time, it is also clear that journalists were able, from time to time, to subvert or manoeuvre within the ‘system’ to assert their agency, although this was in cases few and far between.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in the Arabian Gulf: challenges and growing experience
Authors: Alroughani Raed , Qadi Najeeb , Inshasi Jihad , Shosha Eslam
Published: January 2020

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) have been studied in different ethnic groups, including Asians, African-Americans, and Caucasians. Demonstrating the clinical features among diverse communities is important to understand the variable disease phenotypes, which will lead to further classification and better clinical management. Testing for antibody against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most common target antigen in NMOSD, is not available in many countries and tests use different methods, with variable sensitivity. With negative antibody results, the diagnosis of NMOSD becomes challenging and may affect the outcomes of patients with NMOSD. There are no adequate studies that assess NMOSD cohorts in the Arabian Gulf region, despite the increasing number of diagnosed cases. It is worth assessing NMOSD cohorts in the Arabian Gulf population to study the natural history of disease and to establish an epidemiological background for future perspectives. Various challenges to implement such a mission are outlined, including disease rarity, overlapping presenting symptoms and signs, which posed the issue of mimickers in the differential diagnosis, lack of specialized clinics, absence of highly sensitive testing methods for diagnosis, and the indefinite agreement on the negative AQP4 NMOSD criteria. Collaborative efforts started to take a place among many experts in the region to establish a registry of NMOSD patients for better perception of the disease pattern.
Measurement Model and Adaptation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Mathematics in University Students
Authors: Echeverría Castro Sonia Beatriz , Sotelo Castillo Mirsha Alicia , Acosta Quiroz Christian Oswaldo , Barrera Hernández Laura Fernanda
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to adjust the measurement model of an instrument of sources of Self-efficacy for Mathematics to sample of university students from Northeast of Mexico and the sex measurement invariance. A second-order modeling was performed, which shows convergent and discriminant validity, which corresponds to the original Bandura theory of self-efficacy and contains four factors: experience in mastery, social persuasion, vicarious learning, and physiological state (emotional activation). There was adequate goodness of fit of the model in the confirmatory analysis. The advantages of the use of this instrument are discussed for its simplicity and ease of applications, qualification, and interpretation, to be used by teachers, tutors, and advisors of mathematics.