bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil Applied Postflood, 1994
Authors: Bernhardt J. L.
Published: December 2017

Two rates of fipronil (EXP60655A 1.5G) applied postflood were compared with carbofuran (Furadan 3G) and an untreated check for control of RWW. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7 inch row spacing) × 16 ft. Rice was drill-seeded in a Crowley silt loam at 110 lb/acre 12 May and emerged 20 May. Propanil and thiobencarb at 2 lb (AI)/acre each and bentazon at 1 lb (AI)/acre were applied 1 Jun. Permanent flood was applied on 13 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 120 lb/acre on 13 Jun and 30 lb/acre each on 15 and 26 Jul. Fipronil 1.5G and Furadan 3G were applied broadcast with a hand shaker on 14 Jun and 20 Jun, respectively. On 7 and 13 Jul five 4 × 4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores were removed from each plot. Soil was washed from plant roots into 40-mesh screens. Screens were immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were recovered and counted. The center 4 rows × 12 feet of plots were harvested on 27 Sep with a small plot combine. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil and Acephate, 1994
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 13 ft × 12 rows (7 inches between rows) and was sunounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. Plots were drill planted in League soil 19 Apr at 100 lb seed/acre. Rice emerged 29 Apr. Urea was applied 10 May at 148 lb/acre, 2 d before the permanent flood at 111 lb/acre, and at panicle differentiation (29 Jun) at 111 lb/acre for a total of 170 lb nitrogen/acre. The permanent flood was applied 23 May. Plots were flush irrigated as needed from planting to application of the permanent flood. Facet and Basagran were mixed and applied on 11 May at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre and 1.0 lb (AI)/acre, respectively. Insecticides were applied with a hand-held shaker at the times and rates shown in the table. From 15 to 17 Jun (23-24 d after application of the permanent flood), 5, 4-inch diam × 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed and immature RWW recovered. Rice was harvested at maturity on 17 Aug and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect count data were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by ANOVA.
Selected Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in ‘Holladay’ Soybean in Virginia, 1994
Authors: Chappell G. F. , Herbert D. A.
Published: December 2017

Efficacy of selected insecticides, with and without adjuvants, was evaluated against CEW in soybean. Double-crop ‘Holladay’ soybean was planted in 15-inch rows on 29 Jun. Treatments were applied on 31 Aug with water using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.0 gpa at 18 psi through 8002VS fiat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. A randomized complete block design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 10 ft by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated 1 h before and 2 and 6 DAT by comparing numbers of larvae using a rigid beat cloth sampling technique. Percent pod damage was determined 9 DAT by randomly selecting 3 plants from the center rows of each plot and recording the number of damaged pods. Yield was determined by combining the 3 center rows of each plot (97.5 row ft) using an Almaco small-plot combine. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Karate for Soybean Insect Pest Control, 1991
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 40 ft × 6 rows (32-inch row spacing). Plots were planted 4 Jun at about 10 seeds/ ft. Immediately after planting, plots were treated with 2 pt Dual + 1 qt Roundup + % pt Scepter per acre. Soybeans emerged 10 Jun. On 9 Sep (when plants were R5 and insect pest populations were peaking) treatments were applied using a 4 nozzle (800067 tips) hand-held boom sprayer. Finished spray volume was 13.1 gal/acre. Five days before and 2, 9, 17, 23, and 32 d after application, plots were sampled for insects. Each sample consisted of shaking soybean plants along 6 ft of row over a vertical beat sheet. Insects were shaken and brushed from the vertical beat sheet into a plastic bag which was frozen for later inspection of the contents. One sample (6 ft of sampled row) was taken in each plot on each sample date. From 12 Sep to 5 Oct 0.87 inches of rain fell. At maturity 120 ft of each plot was harvested with a small plot combine and yields adjusted to 13% moisture. Insect data were transformed using VX + 0.5 and all data analyzed by ANOVA and where appropriate means separated by DMRT.
Evaluation of Karate for Management of Arthropods in Soybean, 1992
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G.
Published: December 2017

The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 60 ft × 21 ft (8 rows with a 32-inch row spacing). Soybeans were planted 22 May at about 10 seeds/ft and plots were treated with 2 pt Dual and 2A pt Scepter/acre in a finished spray volume of 20 gal/acre. Seedlings emerged 26 May. Insecticide treatments were applied (when soybeans were in R5 and Lepidoptera defoliator populations were increasing) 10 Sep to the middle 2 rows of each plot with a 4-nozzle hand-held boom sprayer equipped with 800067 tips in a final spray volume of 16.7 gal/acre. The propellant was CO2 at 20 psi. Applications were made during calm, clear conditions. No rain fell for 4 days after application of treatments; however, for the entire sampling period (8 Sep-15 Oct) 0.77 inches of rain was recorded. Two days before and 1, 5, 7, 15, 21, 28, and 35 days after application of treatments, 9 ft of row in each plot were sampled with a vertical beat sheet. Samples were placed in plastic bags and refrigerated. Contents were examined and arthropods identified and counted. The middle 2 rows of each plot were harvested at maturity with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture. Insect data were transformed by Vx + 0.5 and all data were analyzed using ANOVA and where appropriate DMRT.
Efficacy of Aerial Application of Selected Insecticides Against Sugarcane Borer, 1994
Authors: Rodriguez L. M. , Ostheimer E. , Woolwine A. , Reagan T. E. , Pollet D. K. , White W. H.
Published: December 2017

Six insecticide treatments were tested for season long control of SCB at Goldmine Farm, located in Edgard, LA. A RCB design (4 reps) which incorporated 28 plots of SCB susceptible ratoon sugarcane was utilized. Plot size ranged from 2.12 to 1.03 acres. Each treatment was applied in water using a Cessna Ag Cat with swaths of 54 ft (9 rows) delivering 2 GPA finished formulation (the Confirm treatment was applied with Latron CS-7 at a rate of 0.125% vol/vol). Infestations were monitored weekly, and plots treated first on 25 Jun, when 5% of sugarcane stalks contained live (SCB) larvae (3rd instars or smaller) in the leaf sheaths. All plots were retreated when the Asana XL treatment contained an infestation of 5% live larvae in the leaf sheaths (26 Jul and 20 Aug). Percent mortality was assessed 3 DAT by collecting and identifying stage of 15-20 larvae/plot. To determine the length of control, and if additional applications were needed, weekly SCB infestation counts were made in each plot. SCB damage was assessed by counting the number of bored internodes, exit holes and the total number of internodes of 75 sugarcane stalks per plot (5 sites/plot, 15 stalks/site) on 17 Oct. YSA infestations were monitored weekly by counting the number of YSA on the 3rd or 4th leaf below the whorl of 20 randomly selected plants. Plot weight reduction was also assessed by weighing 600 ft of row cane per treatment with a hydraulic scale mounted on a tractor (28, 29 Oct and 7, 9 Nov). Analysis of variance was conducted and separation of means was by LSD.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Navy Beans, 1994
Authors: Haas Mike , Landis Doug
Published: December 2017

The trial was established 7 Jun at the Entomology Farm in East Lansing, MI. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft long on 30 inch centers. Granular treatments were applied with modified Noble metering units attached to the back of the planter. The granular materials were placed in a T-band over the row at planting and incorporated with drag chains. Liquid materials were applied broadcast at the PLH threshold level of 1 per trifoliate. Threshold determination was accomplished by visual inspection of the number of adults and nymphs on 10 trifoliates randomly selected from plants in the center 2 rows of 10 untreated plots. After foliar treatments were applied, PLH counts were taken from 10 trifoliates in the center 2 rows of each plot 7 and 14 DAT. When PLH again reached the threshold level, a 2nd foliar application was made. At-threshold foliar applications were made 21 Jun, 6 and 27 Jul. Yield was taken from 17.4 ft in the center 2 rows of each plot on 22 Aug.
Turfgrass Mite Control Trial, Aurora, 1991
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

The experiment was established 2 Apr along a median area of parking lot in Aurora, CO. Individual plots were 10.4-ft × 7.5-ft, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied in a water volume of 6.4 gal/1000 ft2, using a hand-operated compressed air sprayer. Evaluation was made 9 Apr using a D-Vac suction sampler (15-inch diameter). Plots were sampled by making 6 put-downs/plot and returned to the lab for sorting.
Apple, Late Season Control of White Apple Leafhoppers with Insecticides, 1994
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C.
Published: December 2017

Insecticides were applied to seven-year-old trees in Fennville, MI (Indigo block) at a rate of 75 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated four times. Applications of all materials were made on 26 Aug. Nova and Penncozeb were applied separately to all treatments. Evaluations were made on 29 Aug, 1 and 12 Sep by examining 100 leaves per replicate and counting the total number with motile WALH stages present.
Control of White Grubs at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center, W. Lafayette, In, 1994
Authors: Gibb T. J. , Buhler W. G.
Published: December 2017

Treatment plots were 2 × 2 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 5 times. A PVC cylinder (6 inch inside diameter) was buried 4 inches into the soil and projected 1 inch above the soil in the center of each plot. Five third-instar grubs (mixed population consisting of about 90% Japanese beetles and 10% Southern masked chafers) were infested within each cylinder 5 d prior to treatment, 2 Sep. Granular formulations were applied with a homemade salt shaker. All plots received 0.5 inches of irrigation immediately after treatment. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temp., 21°C; soil temp, at 1 inch, 20°C; thatch depth (natural), 0.13-0.25 inches; soil texture, silt loam; wind speed 3-5 mph. Efficacy was evaluated 30 DAT by extracting the cylinders, separating the soil and grass, and recording the number of live grubs.
Control of Honeysuckle Witches Broom Aphid with Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides—A two Year Evaluation, 1993-1994
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

Trials were established during 1993 at the Colorado State University Horticulture Research Farm using one year-old nursery liners, planted in an irrigated field. Treatments were applied 26 May, 1993. Applications using a Kioritz® soil injector involved introduction of 28 ml of diluted insecticide into two injection holes at the base of each plant. Soil drench treatments involved pouring 400 ml of diluted insecticide around the base of the plant. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Evaluations in 1993 were made by counting all symptomatic terminals and counting all associated aphids on 6 Jul. Trials the subsequent year involved counting the number of symptomatic (witches broom) terminals and making an assessment of plant quality on 9 Jun 1994. Throughout the experiment the field was periodically furrow irrigated.
Control of the Silverleaf Whitefly on Lantana Under Greenhouse Conditions, Fall 1993
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A.
Published: December 2017

Year old Lantana plants were cut back to eight to twelve inch branches and allowed four weeks growth before use. During the growth phase, the plants were exposed to heavy population of silverleaf whitefly within the greenhouse. A 24 hour trapping on six sticky cards (6 × 9 inch) captured 398 whiteflies (mean of 66.3/card). A pre-treatment sample of four fully expanded leaves/plant was taken and was followed by treatment assignments. Treatments were made using a hand sprayer at 30-40 psi. Following treatment, plants were arranged in a randomized block design (5 plants/treatment) on raised greenhouse benches. Samples of four leaves per plant were collected on a weekly basis for three weeks and numbers of SWF eggs, nymphs, and dead/leaf were recorded.
Control of Adult Whitefly on Poinsettia Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter 1992
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A.
Published: December 2017

Poinsettias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm pots and allowed 8 wk growth (10-12" tall) before use. Twenty-seven plants were treated by soil application and arranged in a randomized block design on a greenhouse bench. Forty DAT, a 2.5 cm diam clip-cage containing 20 adult SWF was placed on the abaxial side of a fully expanded leaf of each plant. Eight h later the adults were removed and clip-caged to a separate set of untreated plants. Live and dead adults were counted at transfer, 24, and 48 h after transfer.
Control of Spider Mites on Potted Viburnum, 1994
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Casey Scla D. , Holtzer Abra
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted on potted nursery stock in 5 gal containers that were heavily infested with spider mites. Individual plots consisted of single plants, arranged in a RCB design with five replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer to point of run-off on 26 Jul. A second application was made 15 Aug, however plant vigor was declining rapidly at this point with many plants nearly killed. All evaluations were made by taking 8 leaves (2 from each cardinal point), washing the mites off with 70% EtOH and counting them under magnification (70X).
Effectiveness of a Dormant Application of Sunspray 6E Oil for Controlling Eriophyid Mites on Established Common Baldcypress, 1994
Authors: Kintz J. , Steward V. B.
Published: December 2017

Baldcypress trees, with an avg DBH of 16 inches, located on the property of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a dormant application of Sunspray 6E oil against eriophyid mites. On 11 Apr, trees were treated with a 2.5% solution of oil for an average of 57 gal of finished spray per tree. An SDI sprayer operating at 600 psi with a no. 50 Gun Jet hollow cone nozzle tip was used to apply the treatment. Treatment was performed between 6—8 AM during overcast conditions, 43°F, 40% RH, and <5 mph winds. Effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated on 25 Apr (14 DAT) and 13 Jun (63 DAT). On 25 Apr, 5 branchlets/tree were randomly chosen from 5 treated and 5 untreated trees. Starting from the terminal end, 25 leaves/branchlet were examined using a dissecting microscope and the no. of live mites was counted and recorded. On 13 Jun, 4 branches/tree were randomly chosen from 4 treated and 4 untreated trees. From each branch, four 3-inch-long branchlets, as measured from the terminal end, were examined using a dissecting microscope and the no. of live mites was counted and recorded.
Apple, Campylomma Control on ‘Delicious’, 1994
Authors: Reding M. E. , Beers E. H.
Published: December 2017

The test was conducted in a 14-yr-old ‘Delicious’ orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with seven treatments and four single-tree replicates. The Lorsban 4E + dormant oil treatment was applied at half-inch green (29 Mar). All other treatments were applied at pink (7 Apr). All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer to point of drip at 300 psi. Application rates were based on 400 gpa. Nymphs were sampled from two limbs of each replicate tree on each sampling date with the mean of the two samples representing that replication. A beating tray with black cloth (45 cm × 45 cm) was held beneath a limb that was struck sharply three times and the number of nymphs was then counted. Fruit damage evaluations were conducted 15 Jun and 30 Aug, just before commercial harvest. Forty fruit per replicate were examined on the tree for MPB damage. Fruit with one or more stings were classed as damaged.
Control of Mature Twocirculi Mealybug with Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1994
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted at the Plant Environmental Research Center on the campus of Colorado State University. An RCB with 5 replications was used as an experimental design. Treatments were applied 28 May to single infested branches, using a hand-operated pump sprayer. Sampling of populations was done by counting the number of insects present on 18 inch terminals of each plant. "Quality ratings", an indication of size and appearance of the mealybugs are based on an average of ten 3rd and 4th instar female nymphs sampled per treatment on 10 Jun.
Effectiveness of a Dormant Application of Sunspray 6E Oil for the Control of the Honeylocust Spider Mite on Established Thornless Common Honeylocust, 1994
Authors: Steward V. B. , Kintz J.
Published: December 2017

Honeylocusts, with an avg DBH of 7 inches and located on the property of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a dormant treatment of Sunspray 6E oil for the control of honeylocust spider mites. On 8 Apr, the infested honeylocusts were treated with a 2.5% solution of oil using an SDI sprayer operating at 400 psi with a no. 18 disc nozzle tip in an FMC gun. Treatment was applied between 6-8 AM under clear skies, 38°F, 30% RH, <5 mph winds. An avg of 23 gal. of finished spray was applied to each tree. On 7 Apr, pre-treatment counts of live mites were made by examining a 10-inch-long branch section, as measured from the terminal end, from 11 different trees. On 15 Apr (7 DAT), the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by sampling 3 treated and 3 untreated trees. Four branches 10-inches in length, as measured from the terminal end, were collected from each tree and examined microscopically for live mites.
Control of Aphids on Bur Oak, Ft. Collins, Co 1993
Authors: Casey Sclar D. , Cranshaw Whitney
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted using field grown nursery trees with approximately 2 inch trunk diameter. Plots consisted of individual trees, arranged in a RCB design with 5 replications. Soil injected insecticides were made using a Kioritz soil injector and insecticides were diluted at a concentration that allowed 1 fl oz to be introduced per injection hole. Injections were made at a rate of 2 per inch DBH, in a pattern under the drip line of the tree. Bay NTN 33893 (imidacloprid) treatments were applied 1 Jun and Metasystox-R (oxydemetonmethyl) 2 Jun. All foliar applications were applied on 1 Jun. Evaluations were made by counting all aphids on 10 leaves per tree.
Striped Pine Scale Control, Golden, Co, 1992
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Cooper Dayna
Published: December 2017

Trials were conducted at a golf course in Golden, CO on Scotch pine heavily infested with striped pine scale. Applications were made 17 Jun to point of run-off on individual infested terminal branches. Plot design was a RCB with 4 replications. At the time of treatment most nymphs had recently settled on the needles; few crawlers were present. Plots were evaluated by counting the number of dead and living nymphs on 10 needle bundles collected from terminals 5 Aug. Plots of SunSpray and Volck were retreated 5 Aug. Samples (10 needle bundles/plot) were again taken from all plots 10 Sep.
Evaluation of Formulation and Application Method of Neem-Derived Insecticides Applied Against Fall Webworm, 1993
Authors: Eckberg Thomas B. , Cranshaw Whitney , Casey Sclar D.
Published: December 2017

Field collected fall webworm larvae in approximately Instar III-IV were exposed to either of the neem-derived insecticides Azatin EC or Margosan-O. Treatments included either a direct application of the insecticide to the body of the insect or feeding it chokecherry foliage sprayed to point of run-off. Larvae that received topical applications and larvae that were included as the water check were fed non-treated foliage. Larvae and foliage were sprayed August 30. Rates of Azatin used were 16 fl oz/100 gal; Margosan-O was applied in a 1:240 dilution. Larvae were separated into groups of approximately 10/petri dish, with 6 groups per treatment. Mortality was assessed over a 21 day period following exposure.
European Red Mite Suppression on Apples with Fluzinam 500, 1994
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. , Wally A. L.
Published: December 2017

Studies were conducted at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC, using 15-yr-old ‘Delicious’ apple trees with a tree-row-volume of 225 gpa. Plots consisted of two five-tree groups, with two trees in each group serving as sample trees. Treatments consisted of different application timings of Fluazinam 500 and Captan 50W from petal fall (Pf) through 8th cover (8C) and were arranged in a RCBD. Applications were made on 29 April (PF), 12 (IC), and 25 (2C) May, 8 (3C) and 23 (4C) June, 8 (5C) and 21 (6C) July, and 4 (7C) and 18 (8C) August. All treatments received the same insecticides including Imidan 50W (PF, IC), Diazinon 50W (3C), and Guthion 50WP (5C). Applications were made with an airblast sprayer delivering 225 gpa. ERM were monitored weekly from 3 May to 15 Aug by placing 10 leaves per sample tree through a mite brushing machine and counting the ERM eggs and motiles (immatures + adults), and AF under a stereo microscope. SP were assessed weekly from 13 Jun to 15 Aug by conducting a three-minute search near each sample tree and counting the number of adults and immatures. Cumulative mite days were calculated for all sample dates. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated using LSD.
Thrips Control/Variety Test in Cotton with Temik, Keiser, Ar, 1993
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Jordan A. M. , Studebaker G. E.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted on 14 May at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center in Keiser, AR. Plots were treated with Terrachlor + Temik or Terrachlor + No Temik using Gandy boxes. Plots were 4, 38-inch rows, 50 ft long arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Ratings were made on 27 May & 3, 9, & 17 Jun. Visual ratings were made on a scale of 1—10 with 10 = severe damage.
Sinapis Albaibrassica Oleracea Somatic Hybrids for Host Plant Resistance Against Cabbage Maggot, 1994
Authors: Schroeder P. , Wilsey W. , Shelton A. , Earle E.
Published: December 2017

Cuttings from somatic hybrids of Sinapis alba (Cornell accession Alt 543) and Brassica oleracea (rapid cycling) and parents were investigated in the greenhouse for resistance to larval feeding and adult oviposition by cabbage maggot (CM). Five weeks after the cuttings were rooted, they were infested with 20 CM eggs in a completely randomized test and checked 4 weeks later for numbers and weight of CM pupae. Additional plants were confined in cages with 20 CM adults (10 male and 10 female) in completely randomized trials with choice (three plants per cage) and no-choice (individual caged plants) oviposition tests and checked 4 days later for numbers of CM eggs. The choice test was replicated 3 times and the no-choice test was replicated 6 times.
Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer on Pecans, 1994
Authors: Hall Michael J.
Published: December 2017

Four insecticides were screened for control of PNC on pecans. The test was conducted at a commercial pecan orchard located near Longview, TX (Gregg Co.). A section of the orchard was divided into 5 blocks of trees, with each block corresponding to one of the treatments. The blocks were each ca. one acre in size. A light crop necessitated the need for using several cultivars. Determination of pretreatment PNC infestation levels was done on 12 May. Twenty-five nut clusters, on each of 4 trees per block (100 nuts per block), were inspected for the presence of PNC eggs. If an egg was found on any nut within a cluster, the cluster was considered to be infested. Treatments were applied on 13 May using a Nut Hustler, PTO-driven, air-blast sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 90-gpa. Only one application was made. Posttreatment counts were made on 8 Jun. Twenty-five nut clusters, on each of 4 trees (100 nuts per block), were inspected for the presence or absence of PNC damaged nut clusters. A cluster was considered infested if one or more nuts within the cluster showed signs of larval entry.
Bacillus Thuringiensis for Control of Asian Corn Borer, 1993
Authors: Schreiner Use , Dumaliang Liborio
Published: December 2017

Two experiments were run testing various formulations of B. thuringiensis. In the first experiment, sweet corn was planted 6 Jan 1993. Plots consisted of three 5 m rows planted 1.2 m apart. Each treatment was n plicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The treatment plots were sprayed twice weekly beginning 28 Jan 1993, at which time signs of corn b >rer infestation were evident throughout the field. Treatments were continued until harvest. All materials were applied at the middle of the label rate (5 TB./gal). The second experiment was planted 12 Jun 1993 using the same design and treatments began 12 Jul 1993. For both experiments five plants per plot were harvested at silking and dissected. All corn borer larvae were counted. All ears were harvested at the milk stage, and examined for corn borer damage.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1994
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan
Published: December 2017

‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Center, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 29 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The first spray was applied 29 Aug when the crop started to pollinate. Subsequent sprays were applied 3, 9 and 16 Sep. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles calibrated to deliver 10.7 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 26 Sep by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” CEW larvae were shorter than 1/2 inch, “Mid” larvae were longer than 1/2 inch but shorter than 3/4 inch and “Late” larvae were longer than 3/4 inch. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than 1/4 inch, “Mid” larvae were longer than 1/4 inch but shorter than 1/2 inch, and “Late” larvae were longer than 1/2 inch.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Ear- ; Worm on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1994
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan
Published: December 2017

‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Center, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 29 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The first spray was applied 29 August when the crop started to pollinate. Subsequent sprays were applied 3, 9 and 16 September. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles calibrated to deliver 10.7 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 26 September by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” CEW larvae were shorter than 1/2 inch, “Mid” larvae were longer than 1/2 inch but shorter than 3/4 inch and “Late” larvae were longer 3/4 inch. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than 1/4 inch, “Mid” larvae are longer than 1/4 inch but shorter than 1/2 inch, and “Late” larvae were longer than 3/4 inch.
Apple, Codling Moth Control with Neemix, Dipel 2X, Imidan and Guthion, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O.
Published: December 2017

Neemix, alone and in combination with Dipel 2X, Imidan and Guthion were evaluated for their ability to control CM over the entire season. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 1-tree plots replicated 5 times in a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip. The CM injury evaluations were made following the first generation on 19 Jun and at harvest on 31 Aug. Twenty-five apples per replicate were sampled on 19 Jun and the number of fruit injured by CM recorded. At harvest, all the fruits per replicate were sampled and the number of CM and PLR injured fruit recorded. Due to the high percentage of CM-injured fruit at harvest, a 10-fruit subsample was chosen at random from each replicate and the number of CM stings and entries per fruit recorded.
Control of Insects on Collards, 1995
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G.
Published: December 2017

Plants were seeded 31 May at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Sprays were applied 7, 21 and 28 Jul and 4 Aug. Insects were counted on ten plants on 11, 19, 23, and 31 Jul and 8 Aug. All counts of insects on 11 Jul were zero. Results are presented as the average number of insects per 10 plants.
Apple, Codling Moth Control with V-71639, Fenoxycarb and Azinphosmethyl, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O.
Published: December 2017

An experimental compound, V-71639, Comply, and Guthion were evaluated for their ability to control CM over the entire season. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 1-tree plots replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip. The CM injury evaluations were made on 19 Jun following the first generation, and at harvest on 31 Aug. Twenty-five apples per replicate were evaluated on 19 Jun. On 31 Aug, all fruits from each replicate were sampled and the number of CM and PLR injured fruit recorded. Due to the high percentage of CM injured fruit at harvest, a 10-fruit subsample was chosen at random from each replicate and the number of CM stings and entries per fruit recorded. A mite sample was conducted on 21 Aug. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each replicate and the total number of TSM, ERM, ARM, TYPH and ZETZ motile forms counted.
Ear Infesting Insect Control in Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J.
Published: December 2017

‘Early Sunglow’ sweet corn was planted 10 Jul on the Snyder Farm at the OARDC, Wooster, Ohio. Plant spacing was 30 inches between rows and 6-8 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft in length, with two untreated guard rows between plots and 6 ft of untreated corn at either end of each plot. Treatments were applied during the silking period on 25, 30 Aug, 2, 5, and 9 Sep using a backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle directed at the ear zone. Plots were evaluated 12 Sep by examining 30 ears from the middle two rows of each plot for any lepidopteran pests infesting the ears and for feeding damage to the kernels.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1995
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan
Published: December 2017

‘Heritage’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Station, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 15 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a RCBD, replicated four times. The sprays were applied 6, 11, 17 and 25 August. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles and delivered 10.76 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 8 September by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than lA inch, “mid” larvae are longer than ¼ inch but shorter than Vi inch, and “late” larvae were longer than ¾ inch.
Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringensis and Lannate for Control of Lepidopterous Larvae in Lettuce, 1994
Authors: Kerns D. L.
Published: December 2017

Lettuce was direct seeded into double-rows on 42-in beds on 12 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots were four beds wide by 30 ft long. Each plot was bordered on each side by two blank beds. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer with two TX-18 hollow cone nozzles per bed, calibrated to deliver 60 gal/acre at 300 psi. Treatment rates were determined by equating cost/acre based on 1.0 lb of Javelin WDG, or $10.22 worth of product. All treatment applications included Dyne-Amic spreader-sticker at 0.25% v/v. Treatments were applied on Oct 6, Oct 14 and Oct 25. Evaluations were made five to six days after treatment (Oct 4, Oct 12, Oct 19 and Nov 1) by randomly selecting ten plants per plot and counting the number of live large (>2nd instar) CL larvae. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Onion Maggot Control, Oswego, 1995
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J.
Published: December 2017

Seeds were planted 25 Apr in muck soil near Oswego, New York, on Ferlito Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Germination and damage counts were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were planted using a hand-pushed cone seeder at the rate of 9 seeds/ft. The Trigard film-coated seed treatment was applied before planting by A. G. Taylor’s Horticultural Science Seed Treatment Laboratory at Geneva, NY by film-coating an aqueous suspension of 3 parts by weight of Opadrj AG, to 10 parts by weight of the seed protectors. The seed treatment also included Progro at the rate of 25 g of formulation/kg of raw seed to minimize incidence of onion smut (Urocystis cepulae). Other insecticide treatments were applied as in-furrow drenches in 75 gal water/acre at planting, or aftei seedling emergence as over-furrow sprays in 500 gal water/acre. Furrow treatments for smut included Dithane F-45 at planting using 2.4 qts formulation acre based on a 15-inch row width. Over furrow sprays were applied 24 May. Cumulative damage readings were made once or twice weekly between 24 May and 17 Jul.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects in Fall Peppers, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Peppers were transplanted on 31 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25ft long rows with 3ft between row spacing and 1ft between plant spacing. Each plot was bordered on each side by an untreated guard row and replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied on the dates indicated in the table with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of hand-harvest of marketable fruit on 10 healthy, uniform-sized plants/row (.00062 acre) and GPA counts on 5 randomly picked leaves/plot on 06 Oct. Harvesting was done in this manner due to uneven stands in some plots due to the drought.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With in-Furrow Treatments 1995
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna
Published: December 2017

‘Red Norland’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 29 Mar, ’95. Plots consisted of single treatment rows. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Initial furrow treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with an Ag Tech airblast sprayer. Twelve row blocks were applied to the seed at the rate of 20 gal/acre with a small watering can. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/ 10 plants and % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 26 Jun from 20 feet of row.
Use of Fipronil (Regent) and Imidacloprid (Admire 2F) at Planting to Control Insects in Potatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted on 27 March at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 25ft long, planted on a 3ft row spacing. Plots were separated from each other by 6ft of bare ground, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied in furrow prior to planting using a hand-held shaker for the Regent 1.5G formulation and a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer for the other formulations. All CPB life stages on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot were counted weekly. Dates for which there were either significant differences or noticeable trends are recorded in the tables. Numbers of PLH nymphs on 10 randomly picked compound leaves/plot were sampled. Percent defoliation/plot was estimated on the indicated dates in the tables. On 12 July, the center two rows of each plot were harvested and graded to determine yields.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Tomato, 1995
Authors: Marutani Mari , Rivera Ernesto
Published: December 2017

Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1 thirty-two 30 day-old tomato seedlings in 1 gallon pots with soil-less potting mix were placed next to field-grown eggplants which were heavily infested with silverleaf whitefly. On 15 March, there were an average of 106 eggs (n=32, Sd=74.9) and 52 larvae+pupae (n=32, Sd=41.0) per 1 cm2 underside leaf area. After whitefly counts were determined, individual treatments were applied to groups of four plants. Each treatment consisted of two groups. All treatments except control included a drop of sticker (Latron B-1956) to ensure uniform chemical coverage on the plants. On 22 March, the number of whiteflies on the underside of leaf surface for each plant was counted and the second chemical treatment was applied. The number of whitefly was also recorded on 25 and 29 March.
Comparison of Biological and Standard Materials to Control Insects in Fall Tomatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Tomatoes were transplanted on 27 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row with 5ft spacing between rows. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were madeweekly from 12 Sep until 18 Oct with a total of 6 applications. Bravo 720 at 1.5pt/acre was added to the treatments and the check on 26 Sep and 2 and 9 Oct to control disease. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of the number of worm damaged fruit per 25 random fruit/plot, and counts of PA numbers on 5 random compound leaves/plot. Sample dates are indicated in the table. Green fruit was picked on 9 Oct and mature green and ripe fruit was picked on 24 Oct.
Comparison of Pymetrozine (Cga 215944) and Labeled Materials for Control of Potato Aphid on Fall Tomatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John
Published: December 2017

Tomatoes were transplanted on 27 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row planted on 5ft row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi, using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Treatments were applied on 9 Oct after potato aphid populations had built up. On 16 and 24 Oct, 5 compound leaves were randomly picked from each plot and the numbers of potato aphids counted.
Control of Insect Pests on Spring Canola, 1995
Authors: Bragg D. E.
Published: December 2017

Plots were seeded 19 May with a small plot drill (seeding rate 6 lb/acre) on the Dye Ranch, Pomeroy, WA. Four insecticides were applied 26 Jun at full bloom using a CO2 back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. All insecticides were buffered to pH 5.0 except for a methyl parathion standard which was left unbuffered to reflect the industry practice. Plots were 20 X 30 ft, replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were evaluated at 0 (PrCt), 2, 5, 7, and 10 DAT using 2 beats into a white plastic 14 inch diam bucket per replicate, except for cabbage aphid and aphid parasitoids which were visually counted as colonies of aphid per square m2, mean aphids per colony, and parasitoids per aphid colony. CSPW exit holes per 100 pods per replicate and yield data were taken on 2 Aug. Harvest data were collected from m2 samples of canola at the % brown seed pod stage which were dried and processed through a stationary threshing machine. Treatments were made 1 h before sunset at 5 mph wind and 75°F. Total precipitation during the chemical evaluation period was 2.5 inches.
Flea Beetle Control in Lower Rainfall Se Washington, 1995
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Mayer D.
Published: December 2017

Plots were planted 9 June at the USDA-ARS Western Plant Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA at a rate of 6 lb/acre in rows 7 inches apart. Plots were 15 x 3 ft replicated in a RCBD 4 times, and were situated with replicates perpendicular to a crested wheat grass field. Precounts (PrCt) of plant stand per 6.6 ft row, and damage on 20 randomly selected plants on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage and 6 = total destruction, were made 21 Jun. A treatment consisting of Furadan CR-10 granules at a rate of 2.5 lb product per acre was applied at seeding. Four other insecticide treatments were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi on 22 Jun. An untreated check was established. Conditions at treatment were 70°F with a 2 mph wind at 11 a.m. All plants were in the cotyledon stage with meristem visible. Evaluations of stand reduction and plant damage were made on 2, 5, 7, and 10 DAT. All surviving plants were in the rosette stage (5 to 7 leaf) at 10 DAT.
Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Adult Emergence and Root Injury Ratings Associated with Labeled and Reduced Soil Insecticide Application Rates in Aurora, Sd, 1994
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W.
Published: December 2017

A dryland continuous corn site in east central SD was selected to measure northern and western corn rootworm adult beetle emergence from corn plots treated with planting-time soil insecticides. In addition to beetle emergence, treatment efficacy in preventing larval root feeding injury was also evaluated. Treatments included labeled and reduced application rates of 3 compounds arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 15.2-m long rows spaced 96.5 cm apart. All insecticide treatments were applied in-furrow at planting time by directing granules between double-disk openers and into the open seed furrow. Delivery of granules was regulated using Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. All units were calibrated on the planter before insecticide applications. Plant injury evaluations consisted of extricating 5 roots per plot examining them for feeding injury, and rating them in accordance with the Iowa State 1 to 6 scale. Prior to rootworm beetle emergence, two 0.6 m wide by 1.0 m long by 15.2 cm high cages were placed (equidistant from each other and the end of the plot) over each treatment row. The exterior rectangular frame base of each cage was constructed of 26-gauge galvanized steel and the top was made of aluminum screening material (45-mesh per cm2). Screens were supported by galvanized steel strips that terminated at a central point (approximately 20.3 cm) above the frame to form a screened pyramid. All interior screen margins and seams were sealed with silicone rubber caulking material. The pyramidal shape of cage tops was designed to exploit the natural negatively geotactic response (crawling upward) of newly emerged beetles. A plastic cylindrical capture device was positioned at the apex of each screened pyramid to catch beetles as they crawled upward on the screened cage top, and an inverted aluminum screen cone was fastened to the bottom side of each capture device to prevent beetles from returning into the cage. Cages were monitored at 2-d intervals for the entire beetle emergence period. Monitoring consisted of collecting all beetles for the respective treatments from each replicate, and returning them to the laboratory for processing. Laboratory processing consisted of identification of emerged adults by sex and species respective to treatments. All data (root injury ratings and adult emergence) were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.