bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a combined strategy of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and supplementation with vitamin A, zinc and Plumpy’Doz™ to prevent malaria and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Burkina Faso: a randomized open-label trial (SMC-NUT)
Authors: Sondo Paul , Tahita Marc Christian , Rouamba Toussaint , Derra Karim , Kaboré Bérenger , Compaoré Cheick Saïd , Ouédraogo Florence , Rouamba Eli , Ilboudo Hamidou , Bambara Estelle Aïssa , Nana Macaire , Sawadogo Edmond Yabré , Sorgho Hermann , Somé Athanase Mwinessobaonfou , Valéa Innocent , Dahal Prabin , Traoré/Coulibaly Maminata , Tinto Halidou
Published: May 2021

Background

Malaria and malnutrition represent major public health concerns worldwide especially in Sub-Sahara Africa. Despite implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis (SMC), an intervention aimed at reducing malaria incidence among children aged 3–59 months, the burden of malaria and associated mortality among children below age 5 years remains high in Burkina Faso. Malnutrition, in particular micronutrient deficiency, appears to be one of the potential factors that can negatively affect the effectiveness of SMC. Treating micronutrient deficiencies is known to reduce the incidence of malaria in highly prevalent malaria zone such as rural settings. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combined strategy of SMC together with a daily oral nutrients supplement will enhance the immune response and decrease the incidence of malaria and malnutrition among children under SMC coverage.

Methods

Children (6–59 months) under SMC coverage receiving vitamin A supplementation will be randomly assigned to one of the three study arms (a) SMC + vitamin A alone, (b) SMC + vitamin A + zinc, or (c) SMC + vitamin A + Plumpy’Doz™ using 1:1:1 allocation ratio. After each SMC monthly distribution, children will be visited at home to confirm drug administration and followed-up for 1 year. Anthropometric indicators will be recorded at each visit and blood samples will be collected for microscopy slides, haemoglobin measurement, and spotted onto filter paper for further PCR analyses. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of malaria in each arm. Secondary outcome measures will include mid-upper arm circumference and weight gain from baseline measurements, coverage and compliance to SMC, occurrence of adverse events (AEs), and prevalence of molecular markers of antimalarial resistance comprising Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps.

Discussion

This study will demonstrate an integrated strategy of malaria and malnutrition programmes in order to mutualize resources for best impact. By relying on existing strategies, the policy implementation of this joint intervention will be scalable at country and regional levels.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04238845. Registered on 23 January 2020

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04238845
Prevalence and molecular subtyping of Blastocystis in patients with Clostridium difficile infection, Singapore
Authors: Deng Lei , Tay Huiyi , Peng Guangneng , Lee Jonathan W. J. , Tan Kevin S. W.
Published: May 2021

Background

Blastocystis is a common anaerobic colonic protist in humans with controversial pathogenicity. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the commonest cause of infectious diarrhea in healthcare settings. The prevalence and subtype (ST) characteristics of Blastocystis in patients with C. difficile infection (CDI) are rarely documented. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and subtype characteristics of Blastocystis in patients with suspicion of CDI in Singapore.

Methods

Fecal samples were collected from 248 patients presenting with suspected CDI from a single tertiary hospital in Singapore. C. difficile was diagnosed through positive glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) with or without toxin A/B using enzyme immunoassay methods. The prevalence and subtype genetic characteristics of Blastocystis were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and analysis of the barcode region of the SSU rRNA gene.

Results

The proportion of C. difficile in patients with healthcare-associated diarrhea in this study was 44% (109/248). Among the 109 C. difficile-positive patients, 59 (54.1%, 59/109) tested positive for toxigenic C. difficile, which was considered CDI. Based on the sequence analyses of the barcode region of the SSU rRNA gene, 10.1% (25/248) of the patients were found to be Blastocystis-positive, and three subtypes were identified: ST7 (64%, 16/25), ST1 (20%, 5/25), and ST3 (16%, 4/25). Remarkably, we found five patients with Blastocystis and C. difficile coinfection, and further subtype analysis showed two with ST7, two with ST1, and one with ST3.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the subtype distributions of Blastocystis in patients with CDI in Singapore. We found ST7 to be the predominant subtype in diarrheal patients. The pathogenicity of ST7 has been strongly suggested in previous in vitro and mouse model experiments, further confirming its potential pathogenicity to humans.

Graphical Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting 18S ribosomal RNA genes for identifying P. vivax and P. ovale species and mitochondrial DNA for detecting the genus Plasmodium
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Jiaqi , Pan Maohua , Qin Yucheng , Zhao Hui , Qin Pien , Yang Qi , Li Xinxin , Zeng Weilin , Xiang Zheng , Duan Mengxi , Li Xiaosong , Wang Xun , Mazier Dominique , Zhang Yanmei , Zhao Wei , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Huang Yaming , Yang Zhaoqing
Published: May 2021

Background

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used to diagnose various infectious diseases. Malaria is a globally distributed infectious disease attributed to parasites in the genus Plasmodium. It is known that persons infected with Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale are prone to clinical relapse of symptomatic blood-stage infections. LAMP has not previously been specifically evaluated for its diagnostic performance in detecting P. ovale in an epidemiological study, and no commercial LAMP or rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits are available for specifically diagnosing infections with P. ovale.

Methods

An assay was designed to target a portion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among Plasmodium spp., the five human Plasmodium species and two other assays were designed to target the nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA gene (18S rDNA) of either P. vivax or P. ovale for differentiating the two species. The sensitivity of the assays was compared to that of nested PCR using defined concentrations of plasmids containing the target sequences and using limiting dilutions prepared from clinical isolates derived from Chinese workers who had become infected in Africa or near the Chinese border with Myanmar.

Results

The results showed that 102 copies of the mitochondrial target or 102 and 103 copies of 18S rDNA could be detected from Plasmodium spp., P. vivax and P. ovale, respectively. In 279 clinical samples, the malaria Pan mtDNA LAMP test performed well when compared with a nested PCR assay (95% confidence interval [CI] sensitivity 98.48–100%; specificity 90.75–100%). When diagnosing clinical cases of infection with P. vivax, the 18S rDNA assay demonstrated an even great sensitivity (95.85–100%) and specificity (98.1–100%). The same was true for clinical infections with P. ovale (sensitivity 90.76–99.96%; specificity 98.34–100%). Using plasmid-positive controls, the limits of detection of Malaria Pan, 18S rDNA P. vivax and 18S rDNA P. ovale LAMP were 100-, 100- and tenfold lower than those of PCR, respectively.

Conclusion

The novel LAMP assays can greatly aid the rapid, reliable and highly sensitive diagnosis of infections of Plasmodium spp. transmitted among people, including P. vivax and P. ovale, cases of which are most prone to clinical relapse.

Graphical Abstract
Dynamics of cattle sperm sncRNAs during maturation, from testis to ejaculated sperm
Authors: Sellem Eli , Marthey Sylvain , Rau Andrea , Jouneau Luc , Bonnet Aurelie , Le Danvic Chrystelle , Guyonnet Benoît , Kiefer Hélène , Jammes Hélène , Schibler Laurent
Published: May 2021

Background

During epididymal transit, spermatozoa go through several functional maturation steps, resulting from interactions with epididymal secretomes specific to each region. In particular, the sperm membrane is under constant remodeling, with sequential attachment and shedding of various molecules provided by the epididymal lumen fluid and epididymosomes, which also deliver sncRNA cargo to sperm. As a result, the payload of sperm sncRNAs changes during the transit from the epididymis caput to the cauda. This work was designed to study the dynamics of cattle sperm sncRNAs from spermatogenesis to final maturation.

Results

Comprehensive catalogues of sperm sncRNAs were obtained from testicular parenchyma, epididymal caput, corpus and cauda, as well as ejaculated semen from three Holstein bulls. The primary cattle sncRNA sperm content is markedly remodeled as sperm mature along the epididymis. Expression of piRNAs, which are abundant in testis parenchyma, decreases dramatically at epididymis. Conversely, sperm progressively acquires miRNAs, rsRNAs, and tsRNAs along epididymis, with regional specificities. For instance, miRNAs and tsRNAs are enriched in epididymis cauda and ejaculated sperm, while rsRNA expression peaks at epididymis corpus. In addition, epididymis corpus contains mainly 20 nt long piRNAs, instead of 30 nt in all other locations. Beyond the bulk differences in abundance of sncRNAs classes, K-means clustering was performed to study their spatiotemporal expression profile, highlighting differences in specific sncRNAs and providing insights into their putative biological role at each maturation stage. For instance, Gene Ontology analyses using miRNA targets highlighted enriched processes such as cell cycle regulation, response to stress and ubiquitination processes in testicular parenchyma, protein metabolism in epididymal sperm, and embryonic morphogenesis in ejaculated sperm.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that the sperm sncRNAome does not simply reflect a legacy of spermatogenesis. Instead, sperm sncRNA expression shows a remarkable level of plasticity resulting probably from the combination of multiple factors such as loss of the cytoplasmic droplet, interaction with epididymosomes, and more surprisingly, the putative in situ production and/or modification of sncRNAs by sperm. Given the suggested role of sncRNA in epigenetic trans-generational inheritance, our detailed spatiotemporal analysis may pave the way for a study of sperm sncRNAs role in embryo development.
Burden and etiology of moderate and severe diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age living in north and south of China: Prospective, population-based surveillance
Authors: Zhou Hong-Lu , Bessey Theresa , Wang Song-Mei , Mo Zhao-Jun , Barclay Leslie , Wang Jin-Xia , Zhang Can-Jing , Ma Jing-Chen , Qiu Chao , Zhao Gan , Li Rong-Cheng , Zhao Yu-Liang , Jiang Baoming , Wang Xuan-Yi
Published: May 2021

Background

Diarrhea remains the leading cause of childhood illness in China. Better understanding of burden and etiology of diarrheal diseases is important for development of effective prevention measures.

Methods

Population-based diarrhea surveillance was conducted in Sanjiang (southern China) year-round and Zhengding (northern China) in autumn/winter. Stool specimens were collected from children < 5 years of age experiencing diarrhea. The TaqMan Array Card (TAC), based on multiplex real-time PCR, was applied to detect multiple enteric microbial agents simultaneously. Results using these methods were compared to those derived from conventional PCR assays.

Results

During the study period, 6,380 children in Zhengding and 3,581 children in Sanjiang < 5 years of age participated. Three hundred and forty (31.2%) and 279 (22.9%) diarrhea episodes were identified as moderate-to-severe in the two counties, with incidence of 60.4 and 88.3 cases per 1,000 child-years in Zhengding and Sanjiang, respectively. The five most frequently detected bacterial and viral agents in Sanjiang were adenovirus, enterovirus, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), rotavirus, and sapovirus all the year round, while the most common viral agents in Zhengding were rotavirus, followed by astrovirus and adenovirus during the cool season. Compared to conventional PCR assay, the average incremental detection via the TAC method was twofold.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated high diversity and prevalence of multiple major bacterial and viral agents, including rotavirus and calicivirus, among children in China. Further studies are needed to define the public health significance of neglected but frequently detected pathogens such as EAEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, adenovirus, and enterovirus.
Severe injury to the brachial neurovascular bundle and muscles due to a horse bite: a case report
Authors: Rudari Hajriz , Jaha Luan , Koshi Adhurim , Vokrri Lulzim
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Only a small portion of horse injuries are related to horse bites. In the majority of these occurrences, injuries are minor and self-treated. However, in some cases, the injury may be destructive and limb- and life-threatening. In these instances, the patient requires complex surgery and compound perioperative care.

Case report

We present the case of a 35-year-old Albanian male farm-worker in whom a horse bite caused an extensive lacero-contusive and avulsive wound to the arm. The wound resulted in injury to the brachial artery, brachial and basilic vein, and biceps and brachialis muscles. Nerve structures and underlying humerus remained intact. The initial management of the severe hemorrhagic shock caused by the bleeding at the site of injury included reconstruction of the brachial artery by interposing saphenous graft and that of the brachial vein by termino-terminal anastomosis. Basilic vein was ligated. The wound was extensively debrided, and after a drain was placed in the wound, biceps and brachialis muscles were reconstructed. The patient received several units of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma before and after surgery, as well as antibiotic, antitetanic, and antirabies prophylaxes. He had several consecutive necrectomies in the following days. However, due to postoperative sepsis and hemorrhagic shock at time of admission, the patient developed acute renal failure, therefore requiring several hemodialysis sessions. After his general and local condition was stabilized, the patient also underwent several reconstructive surgeries.

Conclusion

Horse bites of large extent require a multidisciplinary approach. The composition of the team of physicians needed for treatment varies depending on the degree of the injury and eventual complications. In the case of our patient, emergency department physicians, vascular and plastic surgeons, intensive care specialists, nephrologists, and infective care specialists were involved. In different instances, the inclusion of other specialists may be necessary to save and functionalize the limbs of the patient, or save his/her life.
A unique three-way Philadelphia chromosome variant t(4;9;22)(q21;q34;q11.2) in a newly diagnosed patient with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Torii Yuka , Nanjo Kana , Toubai Tomomi , Hosokawa Masashi , Sato Ryo , Yamada Akane , Aizawa Keiko , Himuro Masahito , Ito Satoshi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Magenau John , Wilcox Ryan , Ishizawa Kenichi
Published: May 2021

Background

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a hematologic malignancy associated with the fusion of two genes: BCR and ABL1. This fusion results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, which is called the Philadelphia chromosome. Although the Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 90% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, 5–8% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia show complex variant translocations. Herein, we report a unique case of a three-way translocation variant in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

Case presentation

A 40-year-old Asian male who presented with leukocytosis was diagnosed with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Cytogenetic karyotyping analysis showed 46,XY,t(4;9;22)(q21;q34;q11.2). He was treated with bosutinib and then changed to dasatinib because of intolerance, and MR4.5 (BCR-ABL/ABL ≦ 0.0032%, international scale) was achieved after 17 months of continuous treatment.

Conclusion

This was the 14th case of t(4;9;22), in particular, a new variant Ph translocation involved in chromosome 4q21 and the first successful case treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the world. We summarize previous case reports regarding three-way variant chromosome translocation, t(4;9;22) and discuss how this rare translocation is linked to prognosis.
Utilization of preventive care among migrants and non-migrants in Germany: results from the representative cross-sectional study ‘German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1)’
Authors: Starker Anne , Hövener Claudia , Rommel Alexander
Published: May 2021

Background

In Germany, different health checks for adults are offered for primary and secondary prevention. Previous findings indicate that preventive care utilization varies according to social determinants, especially migration background. This study examined the extent to which migration background is associated with preventive care utilization, independent of factors like age and socioeconomic status and whether length of stay in Germany has a positive effect on the use of preventive care.

Methods

The first wave of the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults’ (DEGS1) is a comprehensive data collection facilitating the description of the utilization of general health checks, dental check-ups, skin cancer screening, and cervical cancer screening among people aged 18–79 years with and without migration background. Migration background was differentiated in first-generation migrants having immigrated to Germany themselves or second-generation migrants born in Germany. First-generation migrants were further differentiated by length of stay in Germany, and second-generation migrants as having one or two parents who were born abroad. Multivariate binary logistic regression models with average marginal effects were calculated to analyse the associations between preventive care utilization and migration background.

Results

The sample comprised 7987 participants, 1091 of whom had a migration background. Compared with non-migrants, women and men with migration background— particularly first-generation migrants with length of stay <=20 years in Germany — make less use of preventive care. This association was observed statistically independent from sociodemographic factors. For dental check-ups a significantly lower use was also found for first-generation migrants who have lived in Germany for more than 20 years and second-generation of migrants with two parents born abroad. Post-model predictions showed that the utilization rates of first-generation migrants are gradually converging to the average values for non-migrants.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest inequalities in realized access to preventive care for first-generation migrants particularly for those who have lived in Germany for 20 years or less. Barriers to the utilization of preventive care may be addressed by informing migrant communities about preventive health care services at an early stage after immigration using migrant-sensitive information strategies.
A structural equation modeling analysis of relationships among university students’ readiness for e-learning, self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and academic achievement
Authors: Yavuzalp Nuh , Bahcivan Eralp
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships of readiness for e-learning with self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and academic achievement in university students taking campus-based courses via distance learning. In this context, a structural equation model is proposed by taking studies in the literature into consideration. The proposed model is analyzed and discussed in the light of the literature. A total of 749 university students from a state university in Turkey participated voluntarily in the study. A scale of readiness for e-learning, a self-regulated online learning scale, and a satisfaction survey were used as data collection tools in the study. The fit index values obtained from the analysis were observed to be χ2/df = 4.11, CFI = .90, and RMSEA = .06, which were at an acceptable level. The research results reveal that the university students’ readiness for e-learning was effective on their self-regulation skills, satisfaction, and academic achievement. Implementation suggestions are made in line with the research findings and conclusions.
When Is Poetry Political? Césaire on the Role of Knowledge in 1944
Authors: Ripert Yohann C.
Published: May 2021

This essay investigates a moment for Caribbean knowledge production in which intellectuals, gathered in Haiti in 1944 for an International Congress of Philosophy, questioned whether to politicize knowledge or to seclude it from politics. Focusing on Aimé Césaire’s “Poetry and Knowledge,” the author compares the 1944 conference paper with the version published in Tropiques in 1945 to show a feedback loop between poetry and politics. The war, the isolation, and the intellectual evolution of Tropiques coalesced to form a new environment that prompted Césaire to rethink the relation between poetic practice and political relevance. Illuminating the relation between poetry and politics, “Poetry and Knowledge” is symptomatic of an epistemological shift from poetic writing geared toward political actions to poetic knowledge uncorrupted by political considerations that prepared Césaire for undertaking in 1945 a new literary and political trajectory.
Provision Grounds Against the Plantation
Authors: Castellano Katey
Published: May 2021

Robert Wedderburn’s London-based periodical, Axe Laid to the Root (1817), disseminates his vision for a transatlantic alliance between the radicals of England’s lower classes and the enslaved people in the West Indies. Throughout the Axe’s six issues, he challenges the abolitionist narrative that liberal, individualist freedoms should be spread from England to the West Indies. Wedderburn instead instructs his white, lower-class readers in London about already existing African Jamaican practices of insurrectionary land and food reclamation. First, he champions the provision grounds as a land commons that produce food sovereignty and communal identity. Then he represents the Jamaican Maroons’ local ecological knowledge as a source of resistance to plantation economies. Using Sylvia Wynter’s environmental theories of resistance, this essay argues that Wedderburn’s political theories champion African Jamaican land and food commons as a model for abolitionist futures.
Decolonization, Otherness, and the Neglect of the Dutch Caribbean in Caribbean Studies
Authors: Groenewoud Margo
Published: May 2021

This essay traces the roots of marginalization of the Dutch Caribbean in Caribbean studies, approaching these roots as an integral part of a shared Caribbean intellectual history. In the era of twentieth-century Caribbean anticolonialism, nationalism, and decolonization, local intellectuals emerged in the public arena throughout the Caribbean region. The author studies the intellectual interplays and incubations taking place, asking if and how Dutch Caribbean thinkers and writers were involved. Her analysis finds that neglect and erasure impacted Dutch Caribbean studies first and foremost from within. Mid-twentieth-century Dutch Caribbean anticolonial intellectuals have confronted strong oppression and retaliations, leading to obscured publications as well as to considerable societal and archival silences. This reflects on the self-image of the Dutch Caribbean and an observed otherness attitude among Dutch Caribbean intellectuals.
Rastafari, the Transnational Archive, and Postcolonial Caribbean Intellectual History
Authors: Bedasse Monique A.
Published: May 2021

This essay argues for an approach to postcolonial Caribbean intellectual history that moves beyond the national archive to rely on a globally dispersed archive. It uses Rastafari repatriation to Tanzania to highlight the intellectual history of the movement and to demonstrate the extent to which the repatriation created a transnational documentary trail with a set of archival imperatives that renders the national archive insufficient for the reconstruction of postcolonial Caribbean intellectual history.
Μελέτη των μηχανισμών δράσης της Βρωμο-αμίνης Τ στη φλεγμονή και τον καρκίνο
Authors: Μπάλιου Στυλιανή
Published: May 2021

Η ταυρίνη (taurine, Tau) έχει αποδειχθεί ότι αναστέλλει την ανάπτυξη του καρκίνου. Ωστόσο, οι μηχανισμοί της ογκοκατασταλτικής της δράσης παραμένουν ασαφείς τόσο στον καρκίνο του παχέος εντέρου, όσο και στον καρκίνο του μαστού. Παράλληλα, έχει αποδειχθεί πως η Ν-βρωμοταυρίνη (N-bromotaurine, TauBr) και η Βρωμο-αμίνη Τ (bromamine T, BAT) έχουν ισχυρή αντιφλεγμονώδη δράση. Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή διερευνώνται για πρώτη φορά συγκριτικά οι μοριακοί μηχανισμοί των αντιφλεγμονωδών και των αντικαρκινικών δράσεων της Βρωμο-αμίνης T και της ταυρίνης. Αρχικά, η παρούσα μελέτη υποστηρίζει την ισχυρότερη προστατευτική δράση της Βρωμο-αμίνης T στην φλεγμονή που επάγεται από λιποπολυσακχαρίτη (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), in vitro στα LPS-επαγόμενα J774.A1 μακροφάγα και in vivo στους LPS-επαγόμενους ραχιαίους αεροθύλακες ποντικών σε σχέση με εκείνη της ταυρίνης. Ο μηχανισμός της προστατευτικής δράσης της Βρωμο-αμίνης T στη φλεγμονή βασίζεται στην απενεργοποίηση του μεταγραφικού παράγοντα NF‑κB. Επιπλέον, τα αποτελέσματα μας τεκμηριώνουν την κατασταλτική δράση της Βρωμο-αμίνης T στην ανάπτυξη των καρκινικών κυττάρων του παχέος εντέρου, του μαστού, του τραχήλου της μήτρας και του δέρματος με δόσο- και χρόνο-εξαρτώμενο τρόπο. Σε σύγκριση με τη ταυρίνη, η Βρωμο-αμίνη T έχει τη μεγαλύτερη κυτταροτοξική δράση στα καρκινικά κύτταρα του παχέος εντέρου RKO και στα καρκινικά κύτταρα του μαστού MDA-MB-468. Περαιτέρω πειράματα στα καρκινικά κύτταρα RKO υποστηρίζουν ότι η Βρωμο-αμίνη Τ προκαλεί το θάνατο μέσω επαγωγής της μιτοχονδριακής απόπτωσης και της αυτοφαγίας, από τις οξειδωτικές βλάβες και την ενεργοποίηση των κινασών από μιτογόνα (mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK), σε μεγαλύτερο βαθμό σε σχέση με τη ταυρίνη. Τα παραπάνω in vitro αποτελέσματα της έντονης κυτταροτοξικής δράσης της Βρωμο-αμίνης T επιβεβαιώνονται με in vivo πειράματα ξενομοσχευμάτων σε ανοσοανεπαρκείς ποντικούς. Συμπερασματικά, η Βρωμο-αμίνη Τ μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως μία νέα εν δυνάμει φαρμακευτική ουσία στην αντιμετώπιση της φλεγμονής και του καρκίνου.
Cross Section Measurements of (n,p) Reactions on Ge Isotopes
Authors: Gkatis G. , Vlastou Rosa , Kalamara A. , Chasapoglou S. , Kokkoris M. , Axiotis M. , Lagoyannis A. , Stamatelatos I. E.
Published: May 2021

The 72,73Ge(n,p)72,73Ga reaction cross sections were measured at the 5.5MV HV Tandem accelerator of  NCSR “Demokritos”, at neutron energies 17.7 and 19.3 MeV by using the activation method. The contamination from the (n,d) and (n,np)  reactions  on 73Ge and 74 Ge, leading to the 72Ge and 73Ge residual nuclei, respectively, has been  taken  into account, implementing the corresponding cross sections from  TENDL-2017. A systematic investigation of the isotopic effect on all Ge isotopes is also presented, from threshold up  to 20MeV, using the present data along with existing data in literature
Three datasets for nutrition environment measures of food outlets located in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of the United States
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Landry Alicia S.
Published: May 2021

This data note provides details of a research database containing 266 food outlets located in five rural towns in the Lower Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi, whose nutrition environments were measured from 2016 to 2018.  The food outlet types include grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, and fast food restaurants.  The purpose of this publication is to describe the three datasets for external researchers who may be interested in making use of them.  The datasets are available from the USDA National Agricultural Library’s Ag Data Commons under a CC0 1.0 Universal License: https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1503704.
A cross-sectional study on the pursuit of happiness among healthcare workers in the context of health systems strengthening: The case of Meru County, Kenya.
Authors: Muthuri Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi , Senkubuge Flavia , Hongoro Charles
Published: May 2021

Background: Happiness is one of the ultimate goals of every human being. Happiness is a significant factor of health system efficiency. Healthcare workers are at the core of every health system. However, up-to-date literature on happiness among healthcare workers is limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the self-assessed happiness among healthcare workers in public and mission hospitals in Meru County, Kenya. 

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 553 healthcare workers in 24 hospitals completed the Orientations to Happiness questionnaire between June and July 2020.  

Results: Healthcare workers’ overall happiness was significantly different between hospitals of public and mission ownership (p<0.05). The orientations to happiness mean scores of both pursuits of pleasure and meaning were significantly different between public and mission hospitals  (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the pursuit of engagement among the healthcare workers between public and mission hospitals (p<0.05).  In both public and mission hospitals, income and the type of toiletry facility were significant factors of overall happiness (p<0.05 or p<0.1). In mission hospitals, eight more variables were statistically significant factors of overall happiness namely type of employment, occurrence of water unavailability, safe drinking water, acceptable main source of water, type of toiletry facility, hospital disposal of garbage, availability of water for hand washing, and overall safety of the hospital working environment (p<0.05 or p<0.1). In public hospitals, additional statistically significant factors of overall happiness were qualification level, and a functional workplace safety and health committee (p<0.05 or p<0.1). 

Conclusion: Demographic, work-related, and physical work environment factors significantly contribute to healthcare workers overall happiness in both mission and public hospitals. The findings present possible areas of focus for policy and practical implications related to healthcare workers’ happiness aimed at health workforce and health systems strengthening in Kenya.
Factors that influence the implementation of health and social care Standards: a systematic review and meta-summary protocol
Authors: Kelly Yvonne , O’Rourke Niamh , Flynn Rachel , Hegarty Josephine , O’Connor Laura
Published: May 2021

Health and social care Standards are evidence-based statements that demonstrate a desired level of care. Setting Standards for health and social care is a mechanism by which quality improvements can be achieved. Limited evidence exists on appropriate implementation strategies to overcome challenges with implementing Standards. The aim of this protocol is to set out a comprehensive plan to undertake a systematic search, appraisal and mixed research synthesis of the international literature that examines factors that hinder and facilitate implementation of health and social care Standards in order to inform the design of implementation strategies.

A research question, “What are the enablers and barriers to implementing health and social care Standards in health and social care services?” was designed using the ‘SPICE’ (Setting, Perspectives, Interest phenomenon of, Comparison, Evaluation) framework. Electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists from included studies will be searched. Primary qualitative, quantitative descriptive and mixed methods studies reporting on enablers and barriers to implementing nationally endorsed Standards, will be included. The review will focus on experiences and perspectives from multi-level stakeholders including patient and public involvement. The quality of studies will be appraised using appropriate tools and findings used to weight interpretation of findings. Search outputs, data extraction and quality appraisal will be undertaken by two reviewers independently. Sandelowski meta-summary will be used to synthesise the data. Frequency and intensity effect sizes of enablers and barriers will be calculated to evaluate their prevalence across the studies. The Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) approach will be applied to assess confidence in the findings of the review.

Findings from this examination will inform influencing factors to implementation. Subsequently, this will contribute to pairing Standards with appropriate implementation strategies that will optimise the enabling factors and overcome challenges to implementation.
Environmental safety of building materials
Authors: Zubrev Nikolay , Ustinova Marina
Published: May 2021

The textbook provides basic information about general and applied ecology and their importance in the field of environmental safety of building materials. Various aspects of environmental protection of the internal environment of buildings and the choice of environmentally friendly materials for the construction of comfortable housing are considered.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in the direction of training 08.04.01 "Construction" (specialty "Industrial and civil construction"). It can be recommended to specialists working in the field of environmental protection, environmental monitoring, as well as construction engineers.
Interactive learning technology
Authors: Kashlev Sergey
Published: May 2021

The educational and methodological manual examines interactive methods, the technology of interactive learning as an innovative pedagogical phenomenon, defines the features, content and structure of interactive methods, justifies the classification of interactive teaching methods, reveals the theoretical and methodological foundations of the use of interactive teaching methods in the pedagogical process, provides characteristics of about 70 individual interactive teaching methods, as well as the content of interactive classes, scientific and methodological seminars on pedagogy with students, listeners of the system of additional adult education.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For teachers and heads of institutions of secondary general education, additional education of children and youth, social educators, practical psychologists, students and teachers of pedagogical specialties of universities, undergraduates, postgraduates of psychological and pedagogical specialties, students of the system of advanced training and retraining of educational specialists, methodologists of educational institutions.
Formation of habilitation competence of parents raising a child of infant and early age
Authors: Tyurina Nadiya
Published: May 2021

The textbook deals with the actual problem of the formation of habilitation competence of parents who have a child with disorders of psychophysical development of infancy and early age. The article reveals a scientifically based socio-pedagogical model of the phenomenon of abilitation competence of parents, identifies the conditions for the effectiveness of its formation, presents modern approaches to interaction with a family raising an atypical child, and offers original software and methodological developments for the formation of their abilitation competence.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the direction of training "Special (defectological) education" at the bachelor's and master's level, as well as specialists (defectologists, psychologists, social educators) of educational, social and interdepartmental institutions that implement programs of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with psychophysical development disorders of infancy and early age.
Exploitation of oil and gas fields by horizontal wells
Authors: Serebryakov Andrey , Zhuravlev Gennadiy
Published: May 2021

The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.
Fatores associados ao conhecimento de locais públicos de esporte e lazer nas capitais brasileiras
Authors: Agrizzi Paula , Dourado Thalia Eloisa Pereira Sousa , Silva Juliana Ilídio da , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza
Published: May 2021

O objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento sobre locais públicos de esporte e lazer nas capitais brasileiras e sua relação com fatores sociodemográficos e do ambiente urbano. Estudo com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, edição no ano de 2013, inquérito de base domiciliar, representativo da população adulta residente em todas as capitais do Brasil. A variável de desfecho foi conhecimento sobre locais públicos de esporte e lazer. As variáveis de exposição foram sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e Índice de Bem-Estar Urbano (IBEU), que avalia as condições coletivas de vida na cidade por meio dos dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Realizou-se análise bivariada através do teste Qui-quadrado e correlação de Pearson. Dos 27.017 entrevistados, 56,6% (IC95%: 55,1 - 58,1) relataram conhecer locais públicos de esporte e lazer, sendo maior entre homens (58,2% vs 55,3%) e mais escolarizados (45,5% de 0 a 4; 49,2% de 5 a 8; 55,2% de 9 a 11; 68,2% de 12 anos ou mais). Não foi observada diferença entre as faixas etárias. Foi observada correlação positiva entre proporção de conhecimento e IBEU (r = 0,709; p < 0,05). As capitais com melhores indicadores de conhecimento e do ambiente urbano foram Vitória, Brasília, Goiânia e Curitiba. Diante disso, a melhoria e criação de espaços públicos de lazer deve considerar as desigualdades na sua distribuição em relação ao ambiente e as características sociodemográficas da população, para contribuir para a promoção da atividade física e, consequentemente, para melhorar a saúde e equidade social.
Decisions on Probabilistic Selling for Consumers with Different Risk Attitudes
Authors: Huang Yeu-Shiang , Wu Tzu-Yi , Fang Chih-Chiang , Tseng Tzu-Liang (Bill)
Published: May 2021

Consumer attitudes toward probabilistic goods are affected not only by their personal preferences, but also by their risk propensity. However, because the probability of obtaining their preferred items is determined by the retailer, consumers must search for related information and rely on their own subjective judgments to reduce the risk of not obtaining them. This study investigates the effects that consumer risk attitudes and word of mouth have on consumers’ purchase decisions regarding probabilistic goods and develops a pricing model for probabilistic selling in which a retailer offers probabilistic goods to heterogeneous consumers with different risk attitudes and possible social interactions. The analytical results show that a retailer’s profit decreases as the degree of risk aversion increases under the probabilistic selling strategy. In addition, word of mouth affects consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding different degrees of belief that they will obtain their preferred items. When the word-of-mouth effect decreases, the consumers’ perceived probability of obtaining their preferred items also decreases, which, consequently, reduces the retailer’s profits.
A CORRERIA COMO FORMA DE RESISTÊNCIA NEGRA EM VIDEOCLIPES DO RAP BRASILEIRO
Authors: Santos Solange Stéfane , Coração Cláudio
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo analisa a produção dos videoclipes “Crime Bárbaro”, de Rincon Sapiência, “Corra”, de Djonga e o curta “Bluesman”, de Baco Exu do Blues, almejando compreender como tais artistas aliam os conceitos de identidade e resistência ao ato de fuga, caracterizado nos clipes pela corrida contínua empreendida pelos personagens principais. Busca-se também investigar como suas narrativas ajudam o espectador a compreender a correlação entre o racismo estrutural e o genocídio de jovens negros no Brasil. Por fim, intui-se estabelecer se o ato de correr empreendido nas narrativas ficcionais do videoclipe pode ser caracterizado através de uma perspectiva estética em torno de fronteiras e frestas culturais.
EDUCAÇÃO NO CAMPO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE CIDADANIA E CULTURA
Authors: Melo Júnior Arlindo Lins de , Bezerra Neto Luiz
Published: May 2021

A Educação do Campo encontra-se ligada a escolarização das populações rurais, e neste cenário campesino, é ela que faz a mediação na prática social de homens e mulheres para conquista da cidadania e acesso à cultura na sociedade. Nosso artigo teve como objetivo discutir a Educação no/do Campo refletindo sobre cidadania e cultura na perspectiva marxista. O método é materialismo histórico-dialético, também utilizamos como estratégia metodológica descritiva-exploratória, caracterizada como um processo metodológico baseado na seleção criteriosa de material bibliográfico. Os resultados demonstram que cidadania é um direito inerente aos cidadãos que residem no campo, dado no âmbito das políticas brasileira, como por exemplo: Brasil (1996), sobre a cultura ela parte da historicidade humana, que traz os conhecimentos eruditos e conhecimentos tradicionais herdados pelas populações do campo, como as atividades culturais também são associadas às experiências que estes homens e mulheres do campo desenvolveram em um meio de vida simbiótico com a terra. Concluímos que ainda existem muitas pesquisas a serem realizadas sobre a temática da cidadania e da cultura na perspectiva das populações que pertencem ao campo, principalmente naquilo que diz respeito às atividades culturais por eles herdadas ou criadas.
IDENTIDADE DA ESCOLA DO CAMPO: CONCEPÇÃO MARXISTA
Authors: Sousa Vivianne Costa , Costa Elen de Fátima Lago Barros , Reis Rayssa Lívia Da Silva
Published: May 2021

A educação voltada para a classe trabalhadora do campo tem um histórico de exclusão em políticas educacionais no Brasil. Nesse sentido, a identidade da escola do campo é resultado da luta dos movimentos sociais do campo por garantia do direito à educação protagonizada pelos sujeitos do campo. Este paper discute a identidade da escola do campo. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que tem objetivo de colaborar para reflexões acerca da valorização da identidade da escola do campo, com base no materialismo histórico dialético. Conclui-se que a valorização da identidade da escola do campo contribui com a luta de resistência dos povos do campo, especialmente num momento político desfavorável aos direitos sociais historicamente conquistados. Além disso, as reflexões suscitadas contribuem para o entendimento do objeto em profundidade, servindo de base para pesquisas futuras.
Education of Physical Qualities of Applicants for Higher Education in a Pandemic
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Lyvatskyy Andrii
Published: May 2021

The article raises the topical issue of educating the physical qualities of higher education seekers in a pandemic. The negative effects of Covid-19 disease, such as postcovid syndrome, have been identified, including decreased respiratory function, viral fatigue syndrome, digestive disorders, muscle tone disorders, depression, insomnia, and more. The author proposes ways to work on the education of physical qualities of graduates in distance learning in the 2020/2021 academic year, as well as developed a long-term program of work with applicants for higher education for the next academic year. The researcher sees the peculiarities of work on the education of physical qualities of higher education students at the end of the 2020/2021 academic year in the motivation for the prevention of a healthy lifestyle, as well as identifying sports that are most suitable for students in terms of health and sports. Such work involves the consideration of health groups on the basis of tolerance / intolerance of the disease, proposed types and forms of classroom work in classes on «Physical Education», other disciplines, during extracurricular activities. A number of measures have been developed for the teaching staff, including seminars-trainings on the use of innovative health-preventive methods («Neurogymnastics in higher education: methods of implementation», «The place of different gymnastics in the educational process of higher education (immune gymnastics, psychogymnastics»). to bring up physical qualities of applicants of higher education and to overcome a postcovid syndrome during disciplines of not physical orientation.
The Level of Patriotic Upbringing of Future Coaches in Higher Education Institutions
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Omelchenko Alina
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of national patriotic education of future coaches in Ukrainian higher educational institutions. This issue is especially acute in our difficult times of military conflict. Sports youth are the future of our state. Considering the fact that professional athletes represent our country in the international and world arena, the problem of national-patriotic education becomes extremely urgent and timely. Most of the time athletes spend in the gym, and therefore it is the coach that occupies an important link in the process of patriotic education. The coach acts as a leader and idol of young athletes in the training and educational process. And therefore, in our opinion, it is very important that the coach himself be a patriot of his country. The task of higher educational institutions specializing in the training of future coaches is to prepare not only highly qualified specialists in the field of physical education and sports, but also worthy citizens of Ukraine. The relevance and presence of the problem is due to the choice of the topic of our research. The article analyzes the essence and content of the national-patriotic education of future coaches, reveals the level of formation of the patriotic qualities of athletes and coaches, and offers methodological recommendations for their improvement.