bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kvinnorna i det offentliga samtalet. Om hur pennskaften blev reportrar
Authors: Stål Margareta
Published: June 2022

This artide deals with women journalists in Swedish daily newspapers from the late eighteen hundreds to the 1950s, when professional education started in Sweden and brought women into the mainstream of the business. In our project about those early women reporters, myself (Margareta Stål), Birgitta Ney and Kristina Lundgren have had three purposes; first to give a contribution to the history of Swedish journalism and make a feminist revision of that history; secondly to show how the emerging process of professionalization at the modern editorial offices with its concomitant gender segregation of assignments also offered opportunities to transform journalism; and thirdly to show, through textual analysis, how women could achieve a career within the male dominated journalistic profession. The project focuses five women reporters: Lotten Ekman from the turn of the century, Ester Blenda Nordström from the early decades, and Barbro Alving, Maud Adlercreutz and Astrid Ljungström from the 1930s to the 50s. By focusing those individual journalists we also describe and produce a body of knowledge about other contemporary women journalists. We especially analyse connections between the texts and the concept of modernity. The project shows how this connection is dynamic and transformative - modernity is a prerequisite of the journalistic texts, at the same time as it is articulated, from within its particular conditions, in the texts.
Bortom stereotyper. En feministisk läsning av Jeftaberättelsen
Authors: Sjöberg Mikael
Published: June 2022

Summary The object of this artide is to explore the construction of identity in the narrative of judge Jephthah, who sacrifices his daughter to honour a vow. My reading includes three texts: The Book of judges (chapters 10-12) and two Nordic plays by Ernst Didring (1912) and Johannes Linnankoski (1919). Rather than stereotypes, the biblical Jephthah and his daughter feature sites of conflict and paradox with regard to gender, ethnicity and social status. The two dramas exhibitvastlydifferenttreatments of the characters. Whereas Didring enhances contradictions and ambiguities, Linnankoski reduces and explains them. This article is motivated by the conviction that analysis is to be preferred to censure with regard to ethically provocative texts. I therefore present a short, but general introduction to feminist biblical studies in general. In conclusion finally, I raise the broader issue of the possibilities and difficulties
Tradition och provokation. Kvinnlighetens röst i modern polsk litteratur
Authors: Packalén Malgorzata Anna
Published: June 2022

There is a basic understanding of attitude towards women's themes in Polish literature and culture that derives from a traditional view on the roles of men and women. Especially the idea that womanliness is inborn and that the main purpose of a woman is to be a wife and mother, is today characteristic of women's role and position in Poland. This position is of course strongly influenced by the religious codes in Polish society. Here the strong reverence for the Virgin Mary Mother of God assumes a special position as one of the most distinctive national symbols. It is against this background of historical, cultural and religious expectations that one must see the picture of women in Polish literature, both earlier and today. This picture, however, has been noticeably affected by the political and social events of recent decades both in Poland and in all of Eastern and Central Europé. Even the picture of women in modern Polish literature is in the process of redefining itself. Especially the picture of women that is put forward by young women writers such as Izabela Filipiak, Manuella Gretkowska, Olga Tokarczuk and others, hardly has any counterpart, seen from a traditional point of view, in earlier Polish literary history. In the artide I take up and exemplify some of the most characteristic aspects of these writers' novels, with an emphasis on the discrepancy between old expectations and new roles for women and "womanliness" in modern Polish literature.
Hederns försvarare. Den rättsliga hanteringen av ett hedersmord
Authors: Eldén Åsa , Westerstrand Jenny
Published: June 2022

In this article, we analyse the judicial handling of the murder of Sara in Umeål996. As point of departure, we use the verdicts from the district court and court of appeal, together with the preliminary investigation reports. In our analysis, we see connections between different forms of violence (e g threats, physical violence), violence used by different men (e g brothers, fathers, uncles), directed against different women (e g sisters, mothers). We also analyse the violence in a cultural context of honour. Our analysis of violence in its context and focus on the connections mentioned, points towards a comprehensive perspective. This perspective enables an analysis of the honour killing of Sara, showing how a collective of men, with reference to the honour of the family, use different forms ofviolence against several female relatives. In our interpretation, the perspective used in the judicial handling of the case is quite another. Here, the acts of violence are separated anddemarcated, and through this, disconnected from their context. Because of such fragmentising understanding, the action of the men ends up outside the judicial understanding of violence, and its perpetrators are found not guilty. A comprehensive perspective, however, may correspond to women's experience of violence and look after women's interests.
Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using CT and Integrated PET-CT
Authors: Opoka Lucyna , Kunikowska Jolanta , Podgajny Zbigniew , Błasińska-Przerwa Katarzyna , Burakowska Barbara , Oniszh Karina , Gola Magdalena , Langfort Renata , Rudziński Piotr , Bestry Iwona , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in developed countries. Radiological imaging methods are the basic methods in early diagnosis of this disease. TNM classification is a very important tool for optimal treatment in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Conventional radiological techniques allow the evaluation of the stage on the basis of anatomical changes only, while PET-CT provides information about the biochemical processes that may precede anatomical changes. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and sensitivity of CT and PET-CT in the staging of NSCLC. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 99 patients with NSCLC diagnosed at the National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute in the period from January 2008 to May 2010. CT and PET-CT were performed in all patients. Histological or cytological examination of the material obtained from biopsy, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and intraoperatively was the reference test. TNM classification was performed independently after CT and PET-CT. Results and conclusions: It has been shown that PET-CT is a more accurate and sensitive method than CT in the staging process in NSCLC. PET-CT allowed the correct classification of the T, N, M, and total TNM in, respectively, 97%, 95%, 99%, and 89% of cases, while for CT it was, respectively, 95%, 84%, 84%, and 68% (p = 0.0002).
Clara Cell Protein and Myeloperoxidase Levels in Serum of Subjects after Exposure to Fire Smoke
Authors: Krakowiak Anna , Hałatek Tadeusz , Nowakowska-Świrta Ewa , Winnicka Renata , Politański Piotr , Świderska-Kiełbik Sylwia
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Fire smoke inhalation is a well-recognized aetiological factor of airway injuries. The objective of this study was evaluation of Clara cell protein (CC16) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations in serum of patients after exposure to uncontrolled fire smoke. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 consecutive patients admitted to the Toxicology Unit after exposure to fire smoke. CC16 and MPO concentrations in their serum samples was measured on the day of admission to hospital and rechecked at the 2nd day and on the day of discharge. Patients also underwent routine toxicological diagnostic procedures applied in case of exposures, such as carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels and blood lactate and urinary thiocyanate concentrations. The same diagnostic tests were performed in the control group consisting of 10 healthy subjects not exposed to fire smoke. Results: The average concentration of CC16 in the serum of subjects exposed to toxic factors was significantly higher at the day of admission in comparison with the respective values recorded on the 2nd day and on the day of discharge. The mean level of CC16 in the serum of the exposed group was also significantly higher than that in the control group. Tests for MPO concentrations in the serum did not reveal any significant changes in patients exposed to fire smoke. Conclusions: As indicated, acute exposure to smoke induces injury at the alveolar level, which results in a transient increase of CC16 in serum of exposed subjects.
Usefulness of NT-proBNP Serum Level in the Diagnosis of Dyspnea in COPD Patients
Authors: Rubinsztajn Renata , Nasiłowski Jacek , Przybyłowski Tadeusz , Karwat Krzysztof , Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases often coexist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and in some cases it is difficult to differentiate between cardiac and pulmonary cause of dyspnoea. It is well known that the serum concentration of NT-proBNP in patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially with congestive heart failure, is elevated. The aim of this study was to estimate the usefulness of NT-proBNP serum level measurement in patients with COPD complaining of chronic dyspnoea. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 81 stable COPD patients in the mean age, 65 ± 7 years, (57 of them with concomitant cardiovascular disease). Serum concentration of NT-proBNP was measured using VITROS laboratory test. Results. There were no statistical differences in serum NT-proBNP between patients stratified according to the GOLD staging system for COPD severity or BODE index and mMRC breathlessness scale. The concentration of NT-proBNP was statistically significantly higher in the patients with coexisting cardiovascular diseases (220.8 ± 258.1 vs. 95.4 ± 56.1 pg/ml). The group of patients with NT-proBNP concentration > 125 pg/ml (n = 36) was statistically significantly older (67.5 ± 6 years old vs. 63.2 ± 7.1 years old; p = 0.009) and had statistically significantly lower PaO2 (67.4 ± 11.8 mm Hg vs. 73.0 ± 11.6 mm Hg; p = 0.04). Conclusions: 1. In the group of stable COPD patients there were no differences between NT-proBNP serum concentration according to GOLD staging, BODE index, and mMRC breathlessness scale. 2. The NT-proBNP serum concentration was statistically significantly higher in the group of COPD patients with the concomitant cardiovascular disease. 3. In patients with chronic dyspnoea testing of serum NT-proBNP may be useful in the detection of patients with cardiovascular problems, who require more intensive therapy.
Outcome after PET-CT Based Radiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Socha Joanna , Kołodziejczyk Milena , Kępka Lucyna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The value of PET-CT in radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with regard to determination of target volumes is established. It is less clear whether its use can improve clinical outcomes of irradiated NSCLC patients compared to conventional staging. The outcome of NSCLC patients included in a previously published prospective study of the value of PET-CT in curative radiotherapy candidates was assessed. Material and methods: Patients were treated according to the PET-CT findings. The survival data were compared between 67 patients treated curatively and 22 patients with palliative treatment given after upstaging based on the PET-CT findings. Survival of curatively treated stage III patients was compared with a previously published outcome of 173 stage III patients treated in the same institution with the same radiation schedule but without PET-CT. Results: The 3-year overall survival was 42% and 0% (median: 21 months and 7 months), for curatively and palliatively managed patients, respectively (p < 0.0001). However, the median overall survival of 17 months for 50 stage III patients was the same as that in a previously published series of stage III patients treated with the same radiation schedule but without PET-CT. Three-year overall survival rates were 33% for the PET-CT group and 19% for historical group, p = 0.1. Twenty-one local recurrences and 21 distant metastases were reported. Three of 50 patients (6%) treated without elective nodal irradiation developed isolated nodal failure (without local recurrence). Conclusions: The high early mortality rate in the patients excluded from curative radiotherapy after PET-CT suggests the potential value of PET-CT for improving the radiotherapy outcome. However, this benefit seems to be limited in stage III patients.
XXII Spotkanie Polskiej Grupy ERS—Krynica Zdrój 8–11 March 2012
Authors: Redakcja PiAP
Published: June 2022

Program Konferencjixxii Spotkanie Polskiej Grupy ERS [...]
The Use of Multi-Color Flow Cytometry for Identification Offunctional Markers of Ntregs in Patients with Severe Asthma
Authors: Kraszula Łukasz , Makandjou-Ola Eusebio , Kupczyk Maciej , Kuna Piotr , Pietruczuk Mirosława
Published: June 2022

Introduction: At present, severe asthma is a particular clinical problem. An important role is attributed to dysfunction of nTreg subpopulations of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify markers of nTreg cell function in patients with severe and mild to moderate asthma. Material and methods: The study included sixty patients with asthma (30 with severe and 30 with mild to moderate asthma). The control group comprised 30 healthy volunteers. The diagnosis of asthma was confirmed accordance with generally accepted recommendations (GINA 2008). nTreg immunophenotype CD4/CD25/CD127/FoxP3/GITR/CD152/CCR5/CCR7 was evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry. Results: We showed a significant reduction in the percentage of nTreg (76%) cells and the expression of CD152 (46.2%) in patients with severe asthma compared with mild-moderate asthma (85.5% and 86.7%; p < 0.05). It was observed that the transcription factor FoxP3 expression in nTreg cells positively correlated with FEV1 in patients with severe asthma (r = 0.53; p < 0.05). It was also found that the ratio nTregCCR5+/TeffCCR5+ was significantly reduced in patients with severe asthma (0.91) compared with mild-moderate (1.58) asthma and control groups (1.55; p < 0.001). Conclusions: There are phenotypic differences in nTreg lymphocytes between patients with severe and mild-moderate asthma. This fact may confirm nTreg cell dysfunction and indicate that the potential markers (FoxP3, CD152, CCR5), can be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of bronchial asthma, especially severe disease.
Impact of Social Risk Factors on Treatment Outcome in Patients with Culture Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (CPPTB)
Authors: Siemion-Szcześniak Izabela , Kuś Jan
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of social risk factors on treatment outcome among culture- positive patients treated for active pulmonary tuberculosis in three separate districts—Warsaw, Gdansk and Siedlce—in years 1995 and 2000. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who were notified in 1995 and 2000 and were treated in hospitals and dispensaries. Alcohol abuse and homelessness were recognized as risk factors associated with tuberculosis and nonadherence to treatment. Treatment outcome was evaluated using treatment indicators defined by the World Health Organisation: cured, treatment completed, treatment defaulted, treatment failure and “other” results of treatment. Results: Seven hundred and eight patients with culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included (373 in 1995 and 335 in 2000). There were 85 patients with risk factors in 1995 and 101 patients in 2000. 80 of participants in 1995 and 69 in 2000 abused alcohol, 5 and 32 were classified as homeless, respectively. Among alcohol abusers treatment success rates according to the WHO definition (either bacteriologic cured or treatment completed) were 45.1% in 1995 and 53.6% in 2000. Among patients not abusing alcohol treatment success rates were 63.8% and 54.1%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p = 0.005 in 1995 and p = 0.0186 in 2000). In 1995 forty percent of homeless patients had succeeded treatment, while the rate of treatment success among non-homeless was 60%. Because of small number included in homeless group the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.6532). In 2000 treatment success rate among homeless participants was 25% and among non-homeless—57.1%, which was highly statistically significant (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Alcohol abuse and homelessness were associated with bad treatment outcome among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Interventions to improve treatment adherence in patients considered to be at risk for default are necessary.
Six-Minute Walk Test in Sarcoidosis Patients with Cardiac Involvement
Authors: Kowalska Anna , Puścińska Elżbieta , Goljan-Geremek Anna , Czerniawska Justyna , Stokłosa Anna , Kram Marek , Tomkowski Witold Z. , Górecka Dorota
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is of critical importance, due to the poor prognosis if this organ manifesta- tion is left undiagnosed and untreated. The six-minute walk test (6 MWT) is a useful test to evaluate exercise tolerance of sarcoid patients. We aimed to assess the 6 MWT value in diagnosis, course and treatment monitoring of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Materials and methods: 47 patients were included: 22 with pulmonary sarcoidosis and cardiac involvement (13 women, 9 men), 25 with pulmonary sarcoidosis, with no changes in the heart (15 women, 10 men), and 18 healthy volunteers as controls (12 women, 6 men). Out of 22 patients with cardiac involvement 11 were treated for heart sarcoidosis with prednisone (9 pts—initial dose 60 mg daily and 2 pts—40 mg daily). 11 pts in this group were not treated. In all patients sarcoidosis was confirmed histopatologically. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to diagnose involvement of the heart. In the studied groups we assessed: heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, distance in 6 MWT and Borg dyspnea score. Results: Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis desaturated more during exercise (DSaO2max = 3.5 ± 3.2 vs. 0.38 ± 0.69; p = 0.004) and had a lower increase of HR in first minute during the 6 MWT (DHR1 = 21.81 ± 11.72 vs. 50.61 ± 12.35; p = 0.0001) when compared to healthy subjects. Significantly lower increase of HR in first minute of 6 MWT was observed in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis when compared to patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis with no cardiac involvement (DHR1 = 21.81 ± 11.72 vs. 38.8 ± 18.17, p = 0.01). After introduction of treatment in sarcoidosis group, significantly higher (p = 0.02) increase of HR in first minute of 6 MWT as compared to baseline test was observed. Conclusions: The six-minute walk test is useful in diagnosing cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis. The increase in HR during exercise and decrease degree of desaturation were a good predictors of the response to therapy.
New Onset Diabetes in a Patient with Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Skowroński Marcin , Halicka Anna , Barinow-Wojewódzki Aleksander
Published: June 2022

The present report describes the coincidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and metabolic disorder such as diabetes. A patient’s bronchoalveolar lavage was found to be positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with following growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and complete sensitivity to first line anti-TB drugs. At the same time, the patient presented with typical diabetes manifestation and subsequently required insulin therapy. Combined treatment resulted in significant clinical im- provement and gradual resolution of both TB and diabetes symptoms. Therefore, we would like to highlight the value of appropriate medical management of these disorders sharing at least some clinical symptoms and signs such as weight loss and fatigue. Moreover, a growing body of evidence indicates that diabetes may play a role as a risk factor for TB. Consequently, the increasing diabetes prevalence may be a danger to TB control.
Gefitinib in Patients with Advanced Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Knetki-Wróblewska Magdalena , Kowalski Dariusz , Zajda Katarzyna , Płużański Adam , Badurak Paweł , Janowicz-Żebrowska Anna , Jaśkiewicz Piotr , Krzakowski Maciej
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a very poor prognosis. Individualization of treatment and identification of therapeutic molecular targets may improve outcomes. Gefitinib was introduced recently among several other molecular-targeted drugs of activity in NSCLC. Gefitinib is indicated for patients diagnosed with advanced or disseminated NSCLC with an activating mutation in the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene. The paper summarize experience with gefitinib in the Department of Lung and Thoracic Tumors of Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute in Warsaw. Materials and methods: The group of 11 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC and activating mutations in the EGFR gene was analyzed. Patients were treated from April 2010 to April 2011. Tolerability, objective response rate (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS), which was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, were assessed. Results: Median observation time from the start of gefitinib treatment was 14 months (range 4,8–19 months). The rate of one-year survival in this group of patients was 91% (10 patients) with 54% of patients (6 patients) surviving one year without progression of disease. The ORR rate of 82% and median PFS 11.4 months were reached. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Among the complications skin toxicity (82%) and diarrhea (45%) were most frequently observed, in most cases the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) first grade. Conclusions: The results confirm the literature data on the efficacy and safety profile of gefitinib in the treatment of patients with the diagnosis of advanced NSCLC and activating mutation in the EGFR gene.
Non-invasive Home Mechanical Ventilation: Qualification, Initiation, and Monitoring
Authors: Kampelmacher Mike
Published: June 2022

Following the introduction of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), the number of patients using home mechanical ventilation has increased substantially and continues to rise worldwide. This is primarily explained by both the effectiveness and comfort that are offered by NPPV in most patients, and particularly in patients with chest wall and neuromuscular diseases. For clinically stable patients the qualification for NPPV largely depends on the presence of complaints or signs of (nocturnal) hypoventilation with accompanying hypercapnia. For patients who are referred by an ICU there are additional prerequisites. In any case, the aims of NPPV should be met and NPPV should be effective. The initiation of NPPV, whether in the clinic or not, should always be tailored to the individual patient. Based on effectiveness, safety, and comfort, the best ventilator has to be chosen. Although with modern interfaces NPPV may be provided continuously, for continuing NPPV over the years, adding manual and/or mechanical cough augmentation techniques is usually mandatory. To control the ongoing effectiveness of NPPV regular monitoring of the patient is essential, and nowadays transcutaneous measurement of CO2 seems the most reliable and appropriate technique. For trend analysis, downloaded data of modern ventilators may be helpful as well. The ultimate goal of NPPV, to prevent tracheotomy, can only be reached if the patient has continuous access to a centre with expertise in cough augmentation techniques and both nocturnal and diurnal NPPV.
Leczenie operacyjne nowotworów płuc u biorców przeszczepów narządów litych
Authors: Wojtyś Małgorzata , Janowski Henryk , Wójcik Janusz , Kubisa Bartosz , Pieróg Jarosław , Grodzki Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Powikłania płucne u biorców narządów cechują się trudnościami diagnostycznymi, poważnym rokowaniem i często słabą odpowiedzią na leczenie. Niektóre z nich wymagają diagnostyki inwazyjnej i leczenia operacyjnego, a inne długotrwałego leczenia farmakologicznego. Gruźlica, zakażenia Pneumocystis sp. i zakażenia grzybicze należą do grupy powikłań infekcyjnych. Pierwotne i wtórne nowotwory płuc powstające w niedalekim odstępie czasowym od transplantacji narządu litego noszą miano powikłań onkologicznych, a oba typy powikłań mają swoje podłoże w immunosupresji. Wymóg kontynuacji immunosupresji dotyczy także okresu leczenia wyżej wymienionych powikłań, stawiając podwyższone wymagania dla zespołów terapeutycznych. Przedstawiono grupę 5 chorych (2 kobiety i 3 mężczyzn) po przeszczepieniach narządów leczonych w ośrodku autorów z powodu nowotworów płuc. Czterech chorych przebyło transplantację wątroby, a jeden serca. Trzech chorych leczono z powodu pierwotnego raka płuca, z czego u 1 dodatkowo wystąpił przerzut raka płuca, u 2 chorych rozwinęły się zmiany przerzutowe raka wątrobowokomórkowego (HCC) z wszczepionej z tego powodu wątroby. Czterech chorych operowano. Wykonano 2 lobektomie i 1 segmentektomię, uzupełnione o limfadenektomię w grupie zmian pierwotnych, jedną obustronną resekcję przerzutów (HCC) i jedną resekcję przerzutu raka płuca wcześniej zoperowanego. Wszystkie przypadki pierwotnego raka płuca miały charakter raka płaskonabłonkowego. Opisano przebiegi okołooperacyjne, schematy immunosupresji oraz dodatkowe powikłania infekcyjne (gruźlica, zakażenie uogólnione i zakażenie dróg żółciowych, kandydoza przełyku), jakie miały miejsce w tej grupie chorych, choć powikłania te nie były związane z obecnym procesem leczenia. Podkreślono znaczenie nikotynizmu w tej grupie chorych, bowiem każdy z nich był palaczem tytoniu.
Ile wody tracimy z oddechem?
Authors: Zieliński Jakub , Przybylski Jacek
Published: June 2022

Wychodząc z równania Antoine’a oraz równania stanu gazu doskonałego, obliczono objętość wody wydalanej z organizmu z powietrzem oddechowym, w zależności od temperatury i wilgotności powietrza oraz wentylacji minutowej. W czasie wysiłku fizycznego ilość wydychanej wody zależy liniowo od rytmu serca, ale nie jest do niego proporcjonalna. Przy tętnie 140 uderzeń/min wydalanie wody przez płuca jest 4-krotnie większe niż w spoczynku i wynosi 60–70 mL/h. Obliczono wpływ temperatury i wilgotności powietrza wdychanego na ilość wydychanej wody. Przykładowo, w temperaturze 35 °C i przy wilgotności powietrza wdychanego równej 75% człowiek traci około 7 ml H₂O/h. Natomiast w temperaturze –10 °C i przy wilgotności 25% utrata ta wzrasta do około 20 mL/h. Uzyskane wyniki mogą się stać podstawą oceny wzrostu osmotyczności w dolnych drogach oddechowych, a wzrost ten jest uważany za jeden z czynników odpowiedzialnych za powysiłkowy skurcz oskrzeli.
Comparison of Results of Sequential Home Oxygen Therapy Inpatients Using Stationary or Portable Oxygen Sources
Authors: Czajkowska-Malinowska Małgorzata , Połtyn Beata , Ciesielska Anna , Kruża Katarzyna , Jesionka Paweł
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Home-based oxygen therapy (long-term oxygen therapy, LTOT) uses two sources of oxygen: stationaryoxygen concentrator (OC) or portable liquid oxygen system (LO). Polish National Healthcare System reimburses onlystationary oxygen sources for home therapy.The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of switching from OC to LO in patients on LTOT. Material and methods: The study involved 30 patients qualified for home-based LTOT. Analysed parameters includeddegree of dyspnoea (MRC, Borg scale), exercise tolerance (6MWT), physical fitness, duration of daily oxygen therapy use,peripheral blood status, lung function tests, number of exacerbations and health-related quality of life (SGRQ). Analyses wereperformed before initiation of LTOT, after 6 months of therapy using OC and 6 months later, following switch to LO. Results: During the first six months of therapy, a decrease in red blood cell count (RBC) from 5.4 to 5.1 (p < 0.0001) and inhaematocrit value (Ht) from 50.1% to 47.8% (p < 0.0001) was observed, alongside an increase in 6MWT distance from 337.7 m to 378.7 m (p < 0.0001) and improved SGRQ score from 72.1 to 64.4 points (p < 0.0001).Liquid oxygen therapy resulted in further improvement of the analysed variables: RBC reduction from 5.1 to 4.8 (p < 0.0001),Ht decrease from 47.8% to 44.3% (p < 0.0001), prolongation of 6MWT distance from 378.7 m to 413 m (p < 0.0001), andimprovement in SGRQ score from 64.4 to 54.9 points (p < 0.0001). A significant increase in daily oxygen breathing hours,from 13.7 to 18.9 hours (p < 0.0001), was also observed. Results: Portable liquid oxygen sources facilitate oxygen therapy both at home and outdoors, increasing the number ofoxygen breathing hours and thus improving blood cell counts, exercise tolerance, and health-related quality of life.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy Following Radical Surgery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz
Published: June 2022

When considering the study “Evaluation of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. A retrospective study” by Chmielewska et al. [...]
Spirometric Prediction Equations Are a Fossil—Reply to Comments of T. Targowski
Authors: Gólczewski Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Na wstępie pragnę podziękować za docenienie mojej „nowatorskiej fizjologicznie interpretowalnej konstrukcji równań” [...]
The Principles of Diagnosis of Churg-Strauss Syndrome, in the Authors’ Experience
Authors: Fijołek Justyna , Wiatr Elżbieta , Gawryluk Dariusz , Langfort Renata , Kober Jarosław , Piotrowska-Kownacka Dorota , Oniszh Karina
Published: June 2022

Background: The diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) poses considerable diagnostic difficulties as the histological confirmation of eosinophilic necrotising vasculitis is obtained in a small number of patients with advanced disease. It therefore seems that CSS may be suspected in patients with asthma and peripheral blood eosinophilia, and the diagnosis is confirmed by the occurrence of defined clinical manifestations of histologically confirmed or unconfirmed vasculitis. The aim of the paper was to outline the principles of diagnosis of CSS in the authors’ material. Material and methods: We analysed 38 patients. The assessments performed in each patient included complete and differential blood counts, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, chest and paranasal sinus radiographic imaging, and echocardiography. Twenty-two out of 23 patients presenting with cardiac manifestations underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two patients underwent mediastinoscopy and four underwent laparotomy. Results: Only in 13 out of 38 patients was the diagnosis of CSS was confirmed histologically, and in the remaining patients the diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations. In 23 patients, the diagnosis was based on cardiac manifestations associated with the involvement of the myocardium by inflammation, which was documented by MRI. In 9 cases, the diagnostic evaluation was prompted by cutaneous changes. Six patients presented with gastrointestinal complaints, 15 patients suffered from peroneal nerve palsy, and one from polyneuropathy and central nervous system symptoms. Conclusions: The diagnosis of CCS in our material was mainly based on clinical manifestations. The collection of material for histopathology was difficult and required an invasive approach in most cases. In 13 out of 38 patients eosinophilic vasculitis was confirmed histologically. The development of marked peripheral blood eosinophilia in an asthmatic patient with a history of allergy, sinusitis, and pulmonary infiltrates in the presence of specific organ manifestations was most consistent with CSS. Indirect proof came in the form of the meeting of the classification criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology, which differentiated CSS from other vasculitides.
Potrzeba Właściwej Kohortacji Chorych Na Gruźlicę—Komentarz Do Artykułu M. Kozińskiej i Wsp. “Gruźlica Lekooporna Typu MDR, pre-XDR i XDR w Polsce w Latach 2000–2009”
Authors: Zielonka Tadeusz M.
Published: June 2022

W “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” ukazał się bardzo ciekawy artykuł na temat gruźlicy wielolekoopornej [...]
Congenital Sternal Cleft—A Case Report
Authors: Halkiewicz Franciszek , Korecka Klaudia , Korlacki Wojciech , Behrendt Jakub
Published: June 2022

Sternal cleft is a very rare congenital defect of the sternum, reported only in a limited number of publications. Surgical treatment in the neonatal period is preferred. A case of a child with congenital sternal cleft operated on at 17 months of age with a successful outcome of repair was reported.
Zespół “nakładania” astmy i przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc
Authors: Płusa Tadeusz
Published: June 2022

Astma i przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc (POChP) są uznawane od lat za dwie odrębne jednostki chorobowe. Obecnie ta koncepcja wymaga ponownej oceny, ponieważ w wielu sytuacjach klinicznych oba stany występują równocześnie lub też jeden przechodzi w drugi. Szczególnie u osób starszych z objawami choroby obturacyjnej często stwierdza się nakładanie się objawów astmy i POChP. Dane epidemiologiczne wskazują, że zespół “nakładania” jest rozpoznawany, gdy stwierdza się niepełną odwracalność obturacji dróg oddechowych oraz cechy ich przebudowy. Analiza objawów klinicznych dodatkowo potwierdza, że zarówno w astmie, jak i w POChP czynniki ryzyka są takie same, a proces zapalny toczący się w małych oskrzelach może mieć kluczowe znaczenie w zrozumieniu patologii zespołu “nakładania”. Efektem prowadzonych badań nad tymi zjawiskami może być nowe spojrzenie na leczenie obturacyjnych chorób układu oddechowego.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients with Esophagitis
Authors: Dor-Wojnarowska Anna , Liebhart Jerzy , Grabowski Marcin , Czapla Leszek , Grabowski Krzysztof , Panaszek Bernard
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Assessment of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in exhaled air is broadly used to monitor the airway inflammation in asthma. High levels of NO are also observed in paranasal sinuses and gastrointestinal tract (GT). Properly functioning esopahageal sphincters are responsible for maintaining NO in the GT. So far, it has been unknown how much the GT disorders and especially the disorder of esophageal motility can affect FeNO (fractional exhaled nitric oxide) measurements. The aim of the study was to assess whether the gastroesophageal reflux disease has any impact on the level of NO in the exhaled air in patients who do not suffer from any airway diseases. Material and methods: Gastroscopy with biopsy was performed in 51 patients, in whom asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopy were excluded. In 13 of them, no esophageal pathology was found and they were considered as the control group. In the remaining 38 patients, the severity of esophagitis was evaluated according to the Los Angeles classification. Results: The concentration of NO in the exhaled air of patients with endoscopic gastroesophageal changes did not differ significantly from NO concentration in patients without inflammatory changes in the stomach and esophagus (p = 0.68). The presence of the hiatal hernia did not affect the FeNO concentration either (p = 0.67). There was no statistically significant correlation between the NO level and infection with Helicobacter pylori (p = 0.18). Conclusions: The gastroesophageal pathologies did not affect the NO concentration in exhaled air significantly.
The Lungs Are Not a Lonely Island—A Current View on Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna
Published: June 2022

Studies investigating the mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of respiratory diseases conducted in recent years but also the state-of-the-art and increasingly sophisticated technologies that successfully allow us to gain an insight into the structure of the lungs and the microcosm of cells and tissues have become a driving force for the key changes in contemporary opinions on the processes which eventually shape the clinical picture and complaints that prompt the patient to seek a pulmonologist consultation [...]
Transcervical Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy (TEMLA) for Staging of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Zieliński Marcin , Hauer Łukasz , Hauer Jolanta , Pankowski Juliusz , Szlubowski Artur , Nabiałek Tomasz
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study is to analyze diagnostic yield of the new surgical technique — the Transcervical Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy (TEMLA) in preoperative staging of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods: Operative technique included 5–8 cm collar incision in the neck, elevation of the sternal manubrium with a special retractor, bilateral visualization of the laryngeal recurrent and vagus nerves and dissection of all mediastinal nodal stations except of the pulmonary ligament nodes (station 9). Results: 698 patients (577 men, 121 women), of mean age 62.8 (41–79) were operated on from 1.1.2004 to 31.1.2010, including 501 squamous-cell carcinomas, 144 adenocarcinomas, 25 large cell carcinomas and 28 others. Mean operative time was 128 min. (45 to 330 min.) and 106.5 min. in the last 100 patients. 30-day mortality was 0.7% (unrelated causes) and morbidity 6.6%. The mean number of dissected nodes during TEMLA was 37.9 (15 to 85). Metastatic N2 and N3 nodes were found in 152/698 (21.8%) and 26/698 patients (3.7%), respectively. Subsequent thoracotomy was performed in 445/ 513 patients (86.7%) after negative result of TEMLA. During thoracotomy, omitted N2 was found in 7/445 (1.6%) patients. Sensitivity of TEMLA in discovery of N2–3 nodes was 96.2%, specificity was 100%, accuracy was 99,0%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 98.7% and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 100%. Conclusions: TEMLA is a new minimally invasive surgical procedure providing unique possibility to perform very extensive, bilateral mediastinal lymphadenectomy with very high diagnostic yield in staging of NSCLC.
Recurrent Exudative Pericarditis in the Course of Adult-Onset Still’s Disease—Two Case Reports
Authors: Bilska Anna , Wilińska Ewelina , Szturmowicz Monika , Wawrzyńska Liliana , Fijałkowska Anna , Oniszh Karina , Światowiec Andrzej , Wsół Agnieszka , Torbicki Adam
Published: June 2022

Exudative pericarditis is a disease of varied aetiology requiring inclusion of both infectious and non-infectious causes in its differential diagnosis. The possible diagnoses include adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), a rare systemic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. AOSD typically develops in patients between 16 and 35 years of age and is characterised by fever, arthralgia, transient salmon-coloured rash and other abnormalities including pharyngitis, serositis (particularly pleuritis and pericarditis) and laboratory abnormalities, such as elevated white blood cell count and elevated markers of inflammation. We report two cases of AOSD with recurrent exudative pericarditis.
Równowaga Proteazowo-Antyproteazowa a Palenie Tytoniu
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Joanna , Wojciechowska Milena , Bartuzi Zbigniew , Dziedziczko Andrzej
Published: June 2022

Smoking tobacco can induce formation of inflammable state in respiratory tract and cause lungs damage. Experimental investigations affirm, that the exposure to tobacco smoke causes growth of penetrability of blood-vessels, which favors the enlarged migration of inflammable cells. The growth of exposure to reactive forms of oxygen and concentration changes of cellular antioxidants enzymes, leads to disorders in balance of proteinases and antiproteinases and oxidative stress. As the years go, the disorders mentioned above can lead to deterioration of ventilating efficiency of lungs, and consequently to pronouncement chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which becomes serious problem on a world scale.
Nowości z Kongresu ERS w Barcelonie, 18–22 września 2010 (Część II)
Authors: Bednarek Michał , Puścińska Elżbieta , Zieliński Jan
Published: June 2022

Tematyce zaburzeń oddychania w czasie snu poświęcono jak zwykle wiele uwagi, przygotowano im 14 sesji, w tym 2 sympozja, 2 praktyczne seminaria warsztatowe, 2 sesje wystąpień ustnych, 2 sesje komunikacji elektronicznych, 5 sesji plakatowych oraz jeden kurs podyplomowy [...]
Nowe Leki w Przewlekłej Obturacyjnej Chorobie Płuc
Authors: Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

Zastosowanie u chorych na przewlekłą obturacyjną chorobę płuc (POChP) wziewnych leków rozkurczowych z grupy β₂-mimetyków i cholinolityków zapewnia lepszą kontrolę objawów choroby, zmniejsza liczbę zaostrzeń oraz ich nasilenie, zwiększa tolerancję wysiłku i zapewnia lepszą jakość życia. Leki te mają akceptowalny profil bezpieczeństwa. U chorych w umiarkowanym i ciężkim stadium choroby rekomendowane jest zastosowanie skojarzone leków rozkurczowych długodziałających z dwóch grup: beta₂-mimetyków i leków muskarynowych (LABA/LAMA). Pierwszym lekiem z grupy LABA, który działa 24 godziny, a jednocześnie ma bardzo szybki początek działania i który można stosować raz na dobę jest indakaterol. Korzyści z zastosowania indakaterolu zarówno w monoterapii, jak i w skojarzeniu z LAMA wiążą się z uproszczeniem sposobu leczenia. U osób, u których choroba nadal postępuje, i które mają częste zaostrzenia, rekomendowana jest terapia trójlekowa: dwa leki rozkurczowe w połączeniu z wziewnym glikokortykosteroidem (LABA/LAMA/wGKS). W ciężkiej postaci POChP dodanie inhibitora PDE4 - roflumilastu do leku rozkurczowego z grupy LABA lub LAMA poprawia czynność płuc i zmniejsza częstość zaostrzeń. Wpływ dodania roflumilastu na zmniejszenie częstości zaostrzeń jest porównywalny z wynikami, jakie uzyskuje się za pomocą leczenia skojarzonego z wGKS. Wykazano korzystne działanie inhibitorów PDE4, zwłaszcza w połączeniu z innymi lekami. Terapia skojarzona stanowi kolejny krok w optymalizacji leczenia chorych na POChP.
The Overlap Syndrome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Bednarek Michał
Published: June 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are thetwo most common chronic respiratory disorders inthe adult population [...]
Wczesna Rehabilitacja Chorych Hospitalizowanych z Powodu Zaostrzenia POChP
Authors: Clini Enrico , Venturelli Elena , Crisafulli Ernesto
Published: June 2022

Zaostrzenia mają poważny i niekorzystny wpływ na jakość życia i czynność płuc u chorych na POChP. Powrót do stanu wyjściowego po zaostrzeniu, jest opóźniony do 2 miesięcy, nawet przy zastosowaniu optymalnego leczenia. Potrzebny jest czas, aby chory powrócił do wykonywania zwykłych aktywności fizycznych, w takim zakresie, jak przed zaostrzeniem. Dotychczas, rehabilitacja oddechowa (PR, pulmonary rehabilitation) była postrzegana jako forma leczenia niefarmakologicznego, w stabilnej postaci POChP, ale w kilku opublikowanych pracach oceniano wpływ zastosowania rehabilitacji oddechowej w trakcie i / lub wkrótce po zaostrzeniu. W przedstawianej pracy dokonano przeglądu i aktualizacji wiedzy na temat korzyści, wynikających ze stosowania rehabilitacji oddechowej i ćwiczeń fizycznych, w zaostrzeniu POChP i to zarówno w trakcie hospitalizacji, jaki i po powrocie chorych do domu. Ostatnio, opublikowano wyniki badań, w których wykazano przydatność i efektywność zastosowania rehabilitacji oddechowej u chorych na POChP, leczonych z powodu zaostrzenia. Konieczne są dalsze badania, w oparciu o które, będzie można dokładniej określić warunki, czas trwania i rodzaj stosowanych technik rehabilitacji oddechowej u chorych z zaostrzeniem POChP.
The Prevalence of Smoking among the Population in the City of Mashhad (North East of Iran) And Pulmonary Function Tests among Smokers
Authors: Boskabady Mohammad , Mahmoudinia Mahbobeh , Eslamizade Mohammad , Boskabady Morteza , Shakeri Mohammad , Heydari Gholam
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Smoking is known as a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study theprevalence of smoking in the population of Mashhad city was evaluated as well as pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of smokers. Material and methods: The prevalence of smoking was studied using a standard questionnaire. Pulmonary function tests, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal expiratory flow at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the FVC (MEF75,50,25), were measured in all smokers. Results: In total, 1435 individuals were interviewed including 999 males and 436 females. The number of smokers among the interviewed individuals was 183 (12.7%) including 172 male (17.2%) and 11 female (2.5%). The results showed that all values of PFTs in smokers were reduced. There were significant negative correlations between smoking duration and rate as pack/year and values of PFT (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study the prevalence of smoking in the population of Mashhad city was shown for the first time. The effect of smoking on PFTs showed that smoking leads to constriction of large and medium airways, which is due to duration and rate of smoking.
Badania Obrazowe w Zapaleniach Płuc u Dorosłych
Authors: Ptak Jakub , Pawłowski Jacek , Bestry Iwona
Published: June 2022

Zapalenie płuc definiowane jest jako naciekzapalny obejmujący pęcherzyki płucne i/lub śród-miąższ, wywoływany różnymi czynnikami patogen-nymi [...]
Updated Recommendations on Systemic Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Jassem Jacek , Biernat Wojciech , Drosik Kazimierz , Dziadziuszko Rafał , Kordek Radzisław , Kozielski Jerzy , Kowalski Dariusz M. , Krzakowski Maciej , Nikliński Jacek , Olszewski Włodzimierz , Orłowski Tadeusz , Ramlau Rodryg , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz , Rzyman Witold
Published: June 2022

Updated recommendations on systemic treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma [...]
Sarcoidal Reaction in Lung Adrenocarcinoma in 50-Year Old Man
Authors: Stępień Julita , Domagała-Kulawik Joanna , Chądzyński Radosław , Kupis Włodzimierz , Chazan Ryszarda
Published: June 2022

A 50-year old patient was admitted to the hospital with hoarseness persisting for two weeks. Chest computed tomography revealed enlargement of lymph nodes in the aortopulmonary window. The bronchoscopy did not show any abnormalities, in transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy no diagnostic material was obtained. In the biopsies collected during mediastinoscopy the sarcoid granulomas were recognized. In the follow-up the computed tomography revealed a tumor mass and diagnostic thoracotomy was performed in which pulmonary adenocarcinoma was recognized. After radiotherapy the total regression was achieved. In this case sarcoid-like reaction in the course of lung cancer and the diagnostic difficulties were described.