bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algarrobo. Rescatando una especie de alto valor histórico. Una contribución a la alimentación sana y al combate contra la desertificación
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Su objetivo es determinar la situación actual de la superficie de algarrobo en la Región Metropolitana, junto con una caracterización del recurso, de modo de conocer el potencial de esta especie nativa con miras a proporcionar antecedentes relevantes para la formulación de un perfil de modelo de negocio asociado al uso del fruto como materia prima, para la elaboración de diversos productos alimenticios de consumo humano.
Anuario Forestal 2013
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

El Anuario Forestal 2013 entrega series estadísticas, la mayor parte actualizadas al año 2012, en los siguientes ámbitos: indicadores macroeconómicos nacionales y sectoriales; recursos forestales; producción industrial y consumo de madera; comercio exterior; precios del mercado nacional y de exportación; transporte; disponibilidad de madera y ocupación en la actividad forestal
La Industria del Aserrío 2014
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Con el propósito de actualizar los antecedentes de la Industria del Aserrío del año 2013, INFOR realizó el muestreo a la Industria Forestal Primaria, seleccionando una muestra representativa de los aserraderos localizados entre la Región de Valparaíso y la Región de Magallanes, abarcando todas las localidades donde existe representación de esta importante industria forestal. Esta actividad se llevó a cabo entre enero y marzo del año 2014.

En este informe se presenta los antecedentes recopilados del año 2013, agregando información y series de años anteriores, lo que le permite al usuario analizar distintos aspectos sobre la oferta de madera aserrada en Chile
El sector forestal chileno 2013 = Chilean forestry sector 2013
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Este documento resume las estadísticas más relevantes de la actividad forestal de Chile, la mayor parte de ellas actualizadas al año 2012. En las primeras páginas se entrega una selección de los principales indicadores forestales y su evolución en los últimos 22 años. Luego se presenta en

detalle la participación del sector forestal a nivel nacional e internacional, la extensión del recurso forestal, consumo de madera trozos, producción industrial, empleo, comercio exterior y precios. Finalmente, se presentan mapas regionales del recurso forestal (plantaciones y bosque nativo) y cifras de interés de la región
Maqui: el fruto silvestre de mayor importancia en Chile
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de las formaciones de maqui, así como al rescate cultural de la recolección y a la generación de nuevas oportunidades de negocios, el Instituto Forestal a través de su Línea de Investigación de PFNM, entrega estos antecedentes para orientar a quienes quieran explorar y emprender en forma sustentable, en este interesante ámbito de las ciencias forestales.
El manejo de renovales de Roble-Raulí-Coihue en una resumida mirada
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

En el presente documento se resumen, en la primera parte, sus diversas funciones ecosistémicas, entre ellas, su gran rol de producción renovable de madera. En la segunda, se entregan cifras y antecedentes relacionados con su actual manejo, incluyendo estudios recientes sobre su rol productivo y su regeneración.
Este trabajo se realizó para ofrecer al lector información relevante que pueda apoyar una buena gestión de estos bosques basándose en datos concretos, estudios y análisis.
El pellet de madera en Chile su producción su uso y su mercado
Authors: Pinilla Suárez Juan Carlos , Luengo Vergara Karina , Navarrete T. Mauricio , Navarrete Felipe
Published: August 2021

Con el propósito de aportar en el conocimiento y utilización del pellet, además de entregar antecedentes para el desarrollo de políticas públicas en el país, se presentan en este trabajo algunos de los principales antecedentes relacionados con los actores y el mercado del pellet en Chile. Se analizan distintos aspectos de la producción, mercados y usos asociados a la biomasa forestal para generación de energía. Este documento se preparó en el marco del proyecto CORFO “Mejoramiento del Entorno y Reducción de Brechas Tecnológicas para la Producción y Desarrollo del Mercado del Pellet en Chile”, solicitado por el Misterio de Energía y adjudicado a INFOR por CORFO.
Investigación y desarrollo forestal en la pequeña propiedad
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile),   Investigación y desarrollo forestal en la pequeña propiedad (Chile, Santiago : 9/10 Nov 1999)
Published: August 2021

El Instituto Forestal pretende incorporar a pequeños productores a la dinámica forestal del país, a través del desarrollo de herramientas tecnológicas y de gestión que contribuyan a incrementar el establecimiento de plantaciones en el secano de las regiones de Coquimbo al Bío-Bío.

Para ello realizó el Seminario "Investigación y Desarrollo Forestal en la Pequeña Propiedad" con el objeto de analizar y difundir el estado actual de la investigación, fomento y transferencia tecnológica, vinculada al establecimiento y manejo de plantaciones forestales en pequeñas propiedades. Esta publicación contiene en extenso todos los trabajos presentados al Seminario.
Domesticación y mejora genética de raulí y roble
Authors: Ipinza Carmona Roberto
Published: August 2021

Publicación que tiene como objetivo resumir los antecedentes y conceptos requeridos para desarrollar un programa operativo de mejoramiento genético en N. alpina y N.obliqua, entendiendo que de etsa forma se contribuye a mejorar la productividad de sus plantaciones y se desarrolla una alteranativa de diversificación de la producción forestal nacional
Investigación y desarrollo forestal en la pequeña propiedad Vol.2
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile),   Investigación y desarrollo forestal en la pequeña propiedad (Chile, Concepción : 7/8 mayo 2003)
Published: August 2021

El escenario de nuevos actores campesinos incorporándose al sector forestal, trae consigo la necesidad de informar y actualizar los conceptos y contenidos sobre los cuales se desarrolla actualmente la actividad forestal en el país.

En este contexto se enmarcó el II Seminario de Investigación y Desarrollo Forestal en la Pequeña Propiedad, organizado por INFOR y Fundación Chile, y financiado por CORFO a través del proyecto "Sistema de Gestión Predial para el uso y conservación del recurso forestal en la pequeña y mediana propiedad de la precordillera andina desde la región del Maule a la Araucanía" y por FONDEF por medio del proyecto "Innovación tecnológica y comercial de productos forestales no madereros en Chile".

A fin de difundir los contenidos y conceptos tratados en el seminario, este libro contiene in extenso los trabajos presentados al encuentro, divididos en tres grandes temas: Silvicultura, manejo y productividad de plantaciones forestales en pequeñas propiedades; Silvicultura, manejo y productividad de bosques naturales en manos de pequeños propietarios y Gestión y fomento forestal.
Estadísticas forestales 1998
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Proporciona antecedentes sobre la trayectoria del sector en la actividad económica del país, el recurso forestal existente y los niveles de producción y comercio de la industria forestal primaria durante 1998 y años anteriores
Importaciones chilenas de productos forestales. Enero - Diciembre 2003
Authors:   Corporación Nacional Forestal (Chile),   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Los productos forestales importados por Chile registran una tendencia creciente a través de los años, incrementándose desde mediados de los 90 de US$ 125 millones a los US$ 565 millones en el año 2003, lo que representa un alza de 352%. Por otra parte, las importaciones forestales crecieron a una tasa media anual de 9,5% en los últimos 10 años en tanto que las exportaciones forestales lo hicieron a un ritmo menor, de 7,7% como promedio, con un resultado positivo en la balanza comercial la cual en el período de 1993 a 2003 fue de 7,2%
Silvicultura y producción. Sauce mimbre Salix spp
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de transformar la tradicional actividad artesanal del mimbre en una actividad de carácter industrial que genere productos capaces de satisfacer las necesidades domésticas y de exportación, se dio inicio en 1997 al proyecto "Desarrollo Integral del Cultivo e Industrialización del Sauce-Mimbre", actividad que se orientó a la investigación y desarrollo de tres áreas: Genética y Silvicultura; Desarrollo de Productos y Procesos; así como la de Detección y Prospección de Mercados.
Informe Técnico 170: Disponibilidad de madera de Plantaciones de Pino radiata en Chile 2003- 2032
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Informe que permite dimensionar el potencial de crecimiento sostenido de las plantaciones de Pino Radiata y su aprovechamiento económico, para orientar acciones de desarrollo en el mediano y largo plazo.
Estadísticas forestales Región de Los Lagos 2004 (X Región)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Contiene: Cap.1. Indicadores macroeconómicosCap.2. Recurso forestal Uso del suelo, Superficie de Bosque Nativo por provincia y tipo forestal, PlantacionesCap.3. Consumo y Producción Trozas, Madera aserrada, Empresas ForestalesCap.4. Comercio Exterior: Exportaciones forestalesCap.5. Precios de productos forestalesCap.6. TransporteCap.7. Ocupación forestalCap.8. Indíces de precios, dólar
Estadísticas forestales Región del Bío Bío
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile)
Published: August 2021

Contenido: El sector forestal en la región del Bío Bío; Principales indicadores Región del Bío Bío 2004-2005; Flujo de productos forestales en la Industria Primaria VIII Región; Flujo de productos forestales de Pino radiata en la industria primaria VIII Región; Equivalencias utilizadas; Relación insumo-producto; Unidades de medidaCap.I. Indicadores macroeconómicosCap.II. Recurso forestal Uso del suelo, Superficie de Bosque Nativo por provincia y tipo forestal, PlantacionesCap.III. Consumo y Producción Trozas, Madera aserrada, Empresas ForestalesCap.IV. Comercio Exterior: Exportaciones forestalesCap.V. Precios de productos forestalesCap.VI. TransporteCap.VII. Ocupación forestalCap.VIII. Indíces de precios, dólar
The Construal of Interpersonal Meanings in the Discourse of American Newspapers About Trumps’ Travel Ban: An Appraisal Analysis
Authors: Almayouf Shahad Mohammed
Published: August 2021

The primary purpose of this study is to carry out and present an Appraisal analysis of the discourse of two reports published in the New York Times and the Washington Post newspapers. The specific objective is to identify and analyze the main attitudinal resources employed by the report’s authors to construe and negotiate feelings with their audiences about the Muslim ban incident that was implemented during Trump’s presidency of the United States. Moreover, the study explores the ideological differences from an Appraisal perspective about the travel ban between the selected newspapers. The study revealed that Appreciation resources were used more than other resources in the Washington Post, and the majority of them were addressing the travel restriction. On the other hand, the New York Times report made extensive use of both Judgment and Appreciation resources. In addition, all attitudes in the texts predicted ideological differences, but the Appreciation resources were the most critical predictor of ideological differences between them. This research reveals then which attitudes are more likely to reveal ideological differences.
A COVID-19 e o conhecimento científico
Authors: Hansine Rogers
Published: August 2021

O artigo analisa a produção do conhecimento sobre a COVID-19 a partir das projeções sobre as tendências desta pandemia na África subsariana. Uma das projeções mais conhecidas e mediáticas foi feita pelo Imperial College London (ICL). A evolução da pandemia da COVID-19 na África subsaariana é consistente com as projeções do ICL. Todavia tem constituído, até ao presente, uma surpresa inexplicável o facto dos sistemas de saúde da região subsariana, considerados frágeis não terem colapsado. Paradoxalmente, tem sido entre os países do Norte Global, portanto, entre as sociedades que tem os meios e a capacidade institucional e de infraestruturas sanitárias que a pandemia da COVID-19 tem sido catastrófica. A análise feita sugere que a principal lacuna da projeção do ICL no contexto da África subsariana está associada ao facto ter por fundamento um quadro conceptual e analítico eurocêntrico. Sabe-se que na análise social os conceitos são sensíveis a estrutura social. Consequentemente, embora a projeção do ICL seja robusta em termos metodológicos a sua fraqueza conceptual se faz notar nas discrepâncias entre os dados projetados e os dados observados na África Subsariana. Recomenda-se, portanto, que apesar das conhecidas limitações em modelar os fenómenos sociais, os esforços nesse sentido devem privilegiar o rigor conceptual no mesmo grau que se privilegia a mensuração e a consistência matemática da modelagem.
Causes of Ovarian Dysfunction and its Sonographic Findings With Respect to Infertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Afzal Nimra , Khadija Sayyeda , Baig Furozan , Raheem Irum
Published: August 2021

Background: Ovarian dysfunction is a condition in which ovaries stop working and menstrual periods stops before age 40. This can cause fertility problems. There are several causes of ovarian dysfunction causing infertility such as endometriosis, ovarian torsion etc. Aim: To revise the current literature about causes of ovarian dysfunction and its sonographic findings in infertile women. Methods: Electronic data base search was performed (PubMed, Science direct, Google Scholar) with data range from 2000 to 2019. All the data is available online in English. Results: Seventeen articles were found regarding different causes of ovarian dysfunction and their sonographic appearance. Also our results show that ultrasound can be used as a reliable tool for detection of ovarian pathologies. Conclusion: This study supports a temporal association between various causes of ovarian dysfunction and infertility risk. Gray-scale in addition to color Doppler ultrasound serves an important role in detection of different causes of ovarian dysfunction and their sonographic appearances. Keywords: Ultrasound exam, ovarian dysfunction, ovarian volume, ovarian masses
Determination of Proliferative, Cytostatic Chraracteristics of Methylcobalamin on Distrorted Purkinje Cell Layer of Cerebellum
Authors: Imtiaz Madiha , Kohari Tazeen , Malik Farah , Ahmad Aftab
Published: August 2021

Background: The cerebellum principally the motor organ is involved in the regulation of muscular tone and skilled motor movements. The cerebellar histology consists of three layers and the middle is the Purkinje cell layer which consists of pyramidal shaped purkinje cells. Clinical research shows scanty literature on the beneficial effects of Methylcobalamin on Purkinje cells layer. Aim: Our aim was to bring to light the need for prescribing Methylcobalamin in the masses and patient suffering from motor incoordination. Method: 15 animals were given Methylcobalamin and the changes in the thickness of Purkinje cell layer ware recorded at twelve weeks Result: The morphometric analysis showed restored thickness of Purkinje cell layer Conclusion: The recorded data of the regenerated purinje cell layer thickness proved that the use of Methylcobalamin is mandatory as protective drug in damaged neuronal tissue. Key words: Proliferative, Cytostatic, Purkine cell layer
Prevalence of Psychological Distress during COVID-19, Social Distancing and Risk Factor of PTSD among General Population of Pakistan: A Web Based Survey
Authors: Masroor Uzma , Khan Mussarat Jabeen , Salik Semra
Published: August 2021

Aim: To examine the prevalence of psychological distress during COVID-19, social distancing and risk factor for PTSD among general population of Pakistan. Methodology: The sample was drawn from Pakistani population having access to internet, age 18 years and above, through convenient sampling. Online survey method was used for the information assortment and the scales were Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and Impact of Event Scale (IES). Descriptive Statistics, Frequency, Percentages, Correlation and t-test analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Results showed that women scored high on depression, anxiety, and stress scale as compared to males. Results also highlighted elevated level of anxiety in grownups and working individuals while elderly population resulted in more significant levels of stress than other subsequent groups. Another finding of the study was high level of depression among university students and individuals with already compromised quality of psychological health are prone to various psychological disturbances particularly conditions like PTSD due to other mental conditions. Keywords: Covid-19, psychological distress, PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress
Colligation of Hearing Loss and Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Aziz Bakht , Riaz Nasir , rehman Ateeq ur , Malik Mohammad Irshad , Malik Kashif Iqbal
Published: August 2021

Background: Permanent perforation in the eardrum with persistent drainage from middle ear for more than six weeks is labelled as chronic suppurative otitis media. The major disability of long standing chronic suppurative otitis media presents as disability in hearing thresholds both in young children and adults. The disease has a fewer prevalence in urban regions and mostly is found in the rural population. Aim: To identifying the Prevalence of hearing loss which is sensorineural in patients having middle ear chronic infection (CSOM). Study design & setting: Cross-sectional survey conducted in the department of ENT, Jinnah Hospital Duration/date of the study: 01st February 2020 to 31STJuly 2020 Methods: A Total number of 180 patients were included as a sample in the study. Keeping the level of confidence to 95% and keeping the margin of error to minimum to 5%. These statistics were generated keeping the frequency level of hearing in these patients to minial of 16%. The sampling technique would be non probability type of sampling with a purpose. Results: The results of the study concluded that patients of both sex ranged between first decade and fifth decade. A total of 180 patients had 114 male gender and 66 female gender patients. Patients having chronic middle ear disease were segregated into CSOM (tubo tympanic) with 137 patients and CSOM (attico antral) with 43 patients. The primary indicator of hearing loss in these patients however showed 23 patients having a hearing loss of sensori neural type and 157 patients did not have any sensori neural hearing loss. Conclusions: This research study draws a conclusion that majority cases of chronic middle ear infection is usually the safe type (Tubo tympanic) while a very fewer of these patients of CSOM would have (Attico antral) or dangerous type of CSOM. The major variable of the research, in the form of hearing loss which was sensori neural in patients presenting with CSOM was (12.8%). This percentage is much lower when compared with conductive hearing loss in CSOM. Keywords: Otitis media of chronic type with suppuration, pure tone audiometry, sensory neural hearing loss
Incidence of Surgical Site Infection among Post C Section Women Presented in Surgical Emergency of tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bokhari S Aliza Z , Fazal M. Irfan , Naseem Maha , Mumtaz M. Adnan , Bokhari S. Mahum Z , Farooqi M ul Haq , Hassan M Azhar , HUSSAIN MATLOOB , MAQBOOL UMER
Published: August 2021

Aim: To rule out incidence and risk factors that are associated with infection at site of surgery after cesarean section. Method: A type of retrospective study was conducted on 100 women who underwent cesarean delivery procedures within a period of 8 month from September 2020 to April 2021 and presented in surgical emergency at Mayo Hospital Lahore. The socioeconomic, demographic and clinical parameters of patients were collected by a questionnaire form. A program known as SPSS version 20 was used for analysis of data that is collected in study. Result: After analyzing the data following factors are identified that causes surgical site infection: Higher BMI (more than 30kg/m2), loss of blood during cesarean section(more than 500mL), poor hygienic care after cesarean section, poor socioeconomic status leads to malnutrition of patient and that leads to poor wound healing and surgical site infection. Lack of education is also a key factor in SSIs. Cesarean done in emergency under improper aseptic conditions also promote SSIs. All these factors are associated with incidence of SSI. Conclusion: SSIS are conventional among women presented in surgical emergency of Mayo Hospital Lahore within 30 days of cesarean section. Management of risk factors causing SSIs in women after cesarean section may decrease the incidence of such infections. Keywords: Cesarean section, risk factors, infection at surgery site.
Management & complications of airway in COVID-19 suspected & confirmed cases: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iqbal Almas , Saleem Huma , Akram Noshin
Published: August 2021

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan started from February 2020 and over the next few months it affected around a million people, leaving thousands dead in an already burdened healthcare infrastructure. Rising to the challenge of COVID 19 airway management, we adopted components of ‘Consensus guidelines for managing airways in patients with COVID 19 to improve success of first pass intubation alongwith minimising risk of infection to self and others. Aim: To analyse the techniques of airway management and complications of suspected or confirmed COVID status at time of their airway management. Methodology: After ethical approval by the institutional review board, data is collected from the Hospital Information System (HIS) for cases fulfilling inclusion criteria, from April to September 2020 in a tertiary care cancer hospital, Pakistan. Results: In our centre, forty-five intubations were performed, 71% of these intubations were out of hours and 43% performed by consultants. It had a high 1st attempt success rate of 84.4%, using Videolaryngoscope (64.4%) and 55.6% confirmed use of capnography. In all cases (100%) PPE was available and used. Minimum number of personnel in room during intubation was kept to four to five in 55.6% of cases. Conclusion: Dedicated airway team used Personal Protective Equipment in all cases (100%) and restricted the number of personnel during the procedure. A high success rate of 1st attempt intubation, widely used videolaryngoscope, single agent induction and consultant intubators were salient features of our practice. Keywords: Keywords: Airway, Covid 19, Intubation, Pakistan
Compliance and Adherence to Treatment in Hypertensive Patients in different Tertiary Care Hospitals in Lahore
Authors: Mushtaq Junaid , Haq Israr-Ul- , Mahmood Waqas , Siddiqui Mujtaba H. , Ahmad Atiq , Rana M. Asim , Hafeez Muhammad Mansoor
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine the factors that affect compliance and adherence to medications of hypertensive patients visiting OPD clinics. Study design: Descriptive-cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Unit 1, Lahore General Hospital, Doctors Hospital & Medical Center and Farooq Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Methodology: One hundred and sixty five patients with hypertension were handed over questionnaire socio-demographic, compliance and adherence were recorded. Results: Patients who maintained BP charting were only 13(7.9%) and those without BP charting were 152(92.1%). Patients taking regular medications were only 20(12.1%). Forgetfulness in taking medications was found in 47.3% of patients. 20.6% of patients were unable to purchase medicines because of financial reasons. Thirty two patients (19.4%) thought that they should not take medicines as they were not having any symptoms. Conclusion: Major causes of non-adherence were expense of medications, lack of symptoms, lack of money, forgetfulness, lack of awareness due to poor educational status and nature of job. Keywords: Compliance, Adherence, Medications, Hypertension, Forgetfulness
Histological Analysis of Human Pulp by Comparing Propolis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Enriched Mixture as a Direct Pulp Capping Agent in Primary Molars
Authors: Rasheed Mubashir , Asghar Hira , Sana Usman , Moazzam Muhammad , Malik Faiza , Farooq Ali
Published: August 2021

Aim: To evaluate the histological pulp response to three direct pulp capping agents (Propolis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Calcium Enriched Mixture) in primary molars. Study design: Comparative study Place and duration of study: Pediatric Dentistry department and Oral Pathology department at de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore from 1st May 2016 to 31st December 2016. Methodology: Fifty-seven human vital primary first molars were selected from patients aged 8 years. They were divided into three groups of nineteen each. Propolis, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) were used as direct pulp capping (DPC) agents in primary molars. After pinpoint exposure, the teeth were directly pulp capped with above mentioned materials. Teeth were extracted after fifteen days for histological examination of inflammatory pulpal cell response. Results: In Propolis group (15 days duration), 15 teeth (78.9%) were in grade 1inflammation, 1 tooth (5%) was in grade 2 inflammation and 3 teeth (15.7%) were in grade 3 inflammation. In Mineral Trioxide Aggregate group 14 teeth (73.7%) were in grade 1 inflammation, 3 teeth (15.7%) were in grade 2 inflammation and 2 teeth (10.5%) were in grade 3 inflammation. In Calcium Enriched Mixture group 15 teeth (78.9%) were in grade 1 inflammation, 3 teeth (15.7%) were in grade 2 inflammation and 1 tooth (5.3%) were in grade 3 inflammation. Conclusion: The effects of Propolis, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) on pulpal tissue are comparable to each other. Propolis is a cheaper material as compared to other direct pulp capping agents and easily available. Therefore, it may be used as an alternative pulp capping agent however, further investigation is required to analyze human pulpal response. Keywords: Direct pulp capping. Propolis, Mineral trioxide aggregate, Calcium enriched mixture, Primary molars
Extent of Fall in Serum Potassium by Medical Therapy in End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Sarwar Sadaf , Khan Tahir Ullah , Masood Atif , Baig Faisal Amin , Nawaz Arsalan , Nazir Maida
Published: August 2021

Aim: To observe the mean alteration in potassium levels one-hour post-antihyperkalemic treatment in end stage renal disease patients presenting with hyperkalemia. Study design: Quazi interventional (experimental) study. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from 28th June 2018 to 27th December 2018. Methodology: Sixty patients of both genders with age range between 14 to 70 years having stage 5 CKD (thrice-weekly dialysis dependent) for at least 6 months with raised serum potassium (>5.5 mEq/L). These patients were given medical treatment in the form of salbutamol nebulization, injectable calcium gluconate, and 100ml 25% dextrose water solution neutralized with Humulin R Insulin 12 units. Serum potassium was reassessed 1 hour after the treatment. Mean change in serum potassium was observed and was compared across various subgroups of patients. A written informed consent was taken from each patient. Results: In the current study, mean age of our studied population was 50.6±10.4 years with male-gender dominance (81.7%). Mean ESRD duration was 11.8±3.7 months while the mean BMI was 27.6±3.6Kg/m2. 15 (25.0%) patients were obese. The serum potassium level at presentation ranged from 5.6mEq/L to 6.9mEq/L with a mean of 6.25±0.39mEq/L. The serum potassium level 1 hour after medical treatment ranged from 4.8mEq/L to 6.3mEq/L with a mean of 5.58±0.43mEq/L. This change in mean serum potassium was significant (p-value<0.001) on paired sample t-test. The change in serum potassium level ranged from 0.5-0.9mEq/L with a mean of 0.676±0.123mEq/L. Similar mean change in serum potassium level was observed when stratified for age, gender, BMI and duration of ESRD. Keywords: End Stage Renal Disease, Hemodialysis, Hyperkalemia, Medical Treatment
Action on Elder Abuse: A New South Wales Pilot Project on the Role of Legal and Health Practitioners in Elder Abuse Screening, Response and Prevention
Authors: Ries Nola M , Mansfield Elise
Published: August 2021

This article reports on a pilot project that involved legal and health practitioners (n=17) in an intervention that aimed to improve detection of and response to elder abuse. Interviews and focus groups elicited practitioners’ experiences and their views on the use of structured screening processes to identify abuse or risk situations. Participants reported they mostly encounter financial exploitation and psychological abuse, perpetrated by adult children against older parents. No practitioners reported the use of an elder-abuse-specific screening tool, but perceived the benefits of screening to enable earlier identification of problems. Barriers to screening included practitioners’ concerns about communication strategies, professional role boundaries, and inadequate response options. Participants supported a ‘triage’ approach, with screening questions and responses scaled to the immediacy and severity of the problem. Respect for the autonomy of older people was emphasised, along with professionals’ role in providing advice and resources to empower their older clients.
The Commonwealth Executive Power: Historical Constitutional Origins and the Future of the Prerogative
Authors: Greentree Catherine Dale
Published: August 2021

This article argues that the Commonwealth’s non-statutory executive power should be interpreted using an ‘historical constitutional approach’, first developed by JWF Allison for the United Kingdom. Some argue that the non-statutory executive power should be informed by the Crown’s historical prerogative powers and the common law (the ‘common law view’), while the High Court has recognised an inherent ‘nationhood power’ sourced directly in section 61 of the Australian Constitution, that does not require reference to the common law or the prerogatives (the ‘inherent view’). Peter Gerangelos identified a potential jurisprudential shift after Gageler J seemingly adopted an historical approach in Plaintiff M68/2015 v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection (2016) 257 CLR 42. This article argues that interpreting section 61 through an historical constitutional lens would be in keeping with the origins, influences, and common law limitations on the development of the Crown’s powers in Australia since Federation. This will better ensure fidelity to fundamental constitutional principles than the inherent approach.
‘[I]f It’s a Public Health and Safety Thing … Why Not Just Give the Kids Helmets?’: Policing Mandatory Helmet Laws in New South Wales
Authors: Quilter Julia , Hogg Russell
Published: August 2021

In the early 1990s Australia became the first country in the world to introduce laws mandating the wearing of helmets by bicyclists. Road safety – particularly for child bicyclists – was the primary driver of change. This article considers the operation of the mandatory helmet law in New South Wales (‘NSW’) with the aim of assessing whether, in light of recent changes to the law and contemporary enforcement practices, its operation is consistent with the animating concern for cyclist safety. Analysis of quantitative data on issued penalty notices shows the law has been heavily enforced and with significant geographical disparity. Analysis of qualitative data derived from interviews with lawyers and others with knowledge of the operation of the law (n = 27) reveals a punitive fine-based enforcement system that is producing serious unintended and ancillary harms. The most significant of these are disturbing levels of over-policing and the accumulation of crippling levels of fine debt.
Federal Reform: The Case for Supportive Subsidiarity in Australia
Authors: Deem Jacob
Published: August 2021

Reforming Australia’s federation is a critical but elusive goal, as the system is plagued by service delivery failures, blame-shifting and inefficiency. The principle of subsidiarity, which aims to localise decision-making and strengthen communities, is sometimes invoked to guide reform efforts, but so far has had little substantive impact. This article argues that previous efforts have applied a decentralist interpretation of subsidiarity as ‘decision-making as close to the people as possible’, which is too narrow, and that taking a broader approach focussing on supportive elements of the principle would be more successful in the Australian context. This argument is supported by an analysis of how supportive subsidiarity aligns constitutionally and institutionally with Australia’s federal structure, and through data from a large-N public attitude survey indicating that supportive subsidiarity is valued more highly than the decentralist interpretation.
The Tort of Collateral Abuse of Process
Authors: Hynard Emerson , Lerch Aiden
Published: August 2021

The tort of collateral abuse of process has an enigmatic place in Australian tort law. Although Australian courts regularly debate and question the elements of this tort, as most recently demonstrated by the decision of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in Burton v Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (2019) 100 NSWLR 734, its exact formulation has been perpetually in dispute. Courts are given little assistance when they turn to Australian scholarship, as the tort has been the subject of limited academic scrutiny. In pursuit of greater clarity, this article offers a scholarly exploration of the contested tort of collateral abuse of process. The authors propose that it is only by accepting that the tort exists to compensate the wronged individual, punish and deter the tortfeasor, and maintain the integrity of the judicial process, that its precise elements can be properly assessed and coherently formulated.
Still Awaiting Clarity: Why Victoria’s New Civil Liability Laws for Organisational Child Abuse Are Less Helpful than They Appear
Authors: Griffin Laura , Briffa Gemma
Published: August 2021

In 2017 Victoria became the first Australian jurisdiction to initiate substantive reforms to its civil liability laws, to address barriers faced by plaintiffs seeking to hold institutions liable for child abuse. The new law, based on recommendations arising from a Victorian inquiry, establishes a statutory duty of care owed by organisations to take reasonable precautions against abuse of children under their care or supervision. On its face, the Wrongs Amendment (Organisational Child Abuse) Act 2017 (Vic) looks like a helpful clarification of this complex area of law. However, when viewed within the context of the work of the Royal Commission on Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, as well as common law principles – particularly strict liability in the areas of non- delegable duty and vicarious liability, and the High Court decision of Prince Alfred College Inc v ADC – we see that barriers and uncertainties remain.
What’s Plainly Wrong in Australian Law? An Empirical Analysis of the Rule in Farah
Authors: Glover Antonia
Published: August 2021

In Australian Securities Commission v Marlborough Gold Mines Ltd (1993) 177 CLR 485, and again in Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd (2007) 230 CLR 89, the High Court pronounced that Australian courts must follow the decisions of appellate courts across Australia unless convinced that those decisions are ‘plainly wrong’. This article seeks to track the development and application of this rule in both a historical and modern context. It first examines the state of the law prior to Marlborough and then engages in an empirical analysis of the use of the rule since Marlborough in 1993, tracking how often the rule has been used and where divergence between jurisdictions has emerged. The results confirm the existence of a judicial system with an increased focus on, and practice of, internal consistency. This replaces the 20th century paradigm in which loyalty to Britain was prioritised over intra-Australian uniformity.
Wars, Pandemics and Emergencies: What Can History Tell Us about Executive Power and Surveillance in Times of Crisis?
Authors: Ng Yee-Fui , Gray Stephen
Published: August 2021

In the fight against coronavirus, the Australian government has enacted a series of measures that represent an expansion of executive powers. These include the use of smartphone contact-tracing technology, mandatory isolation arrangements, and the closure of businesses. Critics have expressed concerns about the long-term implications of these measures upon individual rights.?This article will analyse the validity of such concerns in the context of other historical uses of executive power in Australia in times of crisis: during the Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918, the First and Second World Wars, and the ‘War on Terror’ post-September 2001. Drawing its conclusions from these historical precedents, the article argues that clear legislative safeguards are a minimum necessary step both to prevent police and governmental abuse of privacy, and to foster and maintain trust in the government’s ability to manage their ‘emergency’ powers in a manner consistent with human rights.
Reform of Civil Statutes of Limitation for Child Sexual Abuse Claims: Seismic Change and Ongoing Challenges
Authors: Mathews Ben , Dallaston Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

Historically, civil statutes of limitation applied standard approaches to claims for injuries suffered through child sexual abuse. Due to the features of these cases, many survivors were unable to commence an action for compensation within time, and could not access the civil justice system. However, since 2015, influenced by the recommendations of state and national inquiries, every Australian state and territory has removed limitation periods for child sexual abuse claims prospectively and retrospectively, enabling commencement of a claim at any time, while retaining protections for defendants’ rights to a fair trial. The reforms are a landmark socio-legal development in the common law world. However, the legal principles are complex, and inconsistencies remain in the approaches adopted by the eight states and territories. This article analyses the nature of these reforms, considers their justifiability as public policy, identifies remaining legislative inconsistencies and challenges, and makes recommendations for reform and application.
Reflexión sobre la educación y contabilidad
Authors: Cavero Muñante Rosario Melchora , Ramos Orbegoso Cesar Maycoll
Published: August 2021

El presente articulo pretende realizar una meditación sobre las dinámicas de la enseñanza en el campo de la contabilidad, realizando hincapié en los inconvenientes primordiales de la educación y como las cuestiones se resuelven en el campo específico de la contabilidad, la creadora cuestiona las maneras clásicos de transmisión de conocimientos, por su falta de actualización y sentido transdisciplinar. Se usó el término de competencia para detectar el grupo de competencias que los contadores del mundo contemporáneo necesitan, se expone tambien la necesidad de que los programas de formación profesional evolucionen más allá del saber hacer, y posibiliten novedosas herramientas y habilidades a los futuros expertos.
Facebook as a Culture: A Sociological Study
Authors: Ahmed Musfique , Khan Sajedul Islam , Khan Afrina , Kabir Md Humayun , Rasel Md
Published: August 2021

The small ‘f’ letter has become the new cultural symbol. The blue world of Zuckerberg has become the postmodern cultural manifestation. Today, Facebook has become the largest virtual networking space with more than 2.23 billion monthly active users. The game of like, comment and share has become the contemporary way of life. The present paper aims to comprehend how Facebook is reconstructing new acculturation and socialization among the youth generation. This advanced cyberculture is reinforcing the most recent sociological concepts like the ‘Net-Generation’, ‘Millennium Generation’ ‘Digital Natives’ etc. The main purpose of the study is to illustrate how the culture of the Facebook is constructing a new pattern of identity, a changing trend of interaction and a new preference about interpersonal relations among the students of the University of Dhaka. The researcher tends to analyze the nature of Online Vs Offline pattern of the youth life. This research also tries to analyze whether Facebook itself is a culture or a subculture or a cultural extension. As a major methodological technique, the researcher uses a quantitative method approach for data collection and analysis. The study reveals that Facebook is encouraging community feelings by facilitating individualism. People are judging another individual through the screen of the Facebook newsfeed. There is evidence of growing night culture, the popularity of English and Bangla mixed writings, Edited picture and edited name to create a new image among students. An awareness building program should be taken by the concerned authority on the positive side and negative side of Facebook use for helping the users.
The Conducting of Instrumental and Choral Ensembles and the Nigerian Audience
Authors: Nnamani Sunday N.
Published: August 2021

The conducting profession had through the years been an exclusive right of a gifted and sensitive musician, capable of dealing authoritatively with professionals in their own field while possessing the right attitude to understand the need of his audience. This paper titled “The conducting of instrumental and choral ensembles and the Nigerian Audience” examines the historical development of conducting from early times through to the 20th Century. It further sees the conductor as more than a mere time beater but as one who is always faced with an increasing complexity of musical scores especially of the orchestral in addition to a high standard of performance always demanded by a critical audience. He must possess the ability to detect, diagnose and remedy a musical fault almost in a flash. Finally, the paper x-rays the contributions of the Muson Centre Lagos, some churches and private choral groups in Nigeria.
Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) Adoption Level among Listed Manufacturing Companies in Sri Lanka: Institutional Theory Perspective
Authors: Chathurangani H B P , Madhusanka K J S
Published: August 2021

This study investigates about the relationship between institutional pressure and environmental management accounting (EMA) adoption level by applying new institutional sociology perspective to assess the pressures for EMA adoption level with reference to 38 listed manufacturing companies in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) in Sri Lanka, based on convenient sampling method. Data were collected through structured questionnaire distributing via e-mail and postal mail for accountant or financial managers as respondents. Reliability analysis, descriptive analysis and inferential analysis were applied to analyze the data and three hypotheses were tested by multiple regression analysis. Those hypotheses were constructed to reveal about coercive isomorphism, normative pressure and mimetic processes are positively influence for EMA adoption level. The results indicate the influences of education or/and training, and political or/and legitimacy are positively pressure for the adoption of EMA; although, the pressures on standard responses to uncertainty is insignificant for EMA adoption. In addition, Coercive isomorphism; responses to political influence or/ and legitimacy influences play vital role in pressuring on EMA adoption. Further findings supports to the practical implications of Accountant role and political/ legitimacy influences are important in managing environmental issues in an organization. This study has made preliminary understanding for the new institutional sociology perspective concerning the type of pressure that influences and, provides useful contribution to the present knowledge by exploring more explanations for environmental management accounting adoption in an unexplored context in Sri Lanka.
To Assess the Association between Exchange Rate, Commodity Prices and Cryptocurrency in Indonesia
Authors: Hussain Nur
Published: August 2021

The paper aimed to assess the association among exchange rate, commodity prices and crypto currency in Indonesia. This study is quantitative in which the data has been gathered from the Investing.com from 2016 to 2020. The variables which were considered in the study include exchange rate, gold prices, cotton prices, oil prices, Bitcoin and Ethereum. In terms of the analysis, the vector autoregression and granger causality test has been adopted.The results of this study identified that there is no effect of exchange rate, oil price, cotton price and gold price on Bitcoin. On the other hand, there is only significant effect of gold prices on Ethereum. The results of this study are restricted to Indonesian context and the data has been considered from 2016 to 2019 due to the lack of data on crypto currency.
funciones del Gobierno Boliviano durante la pandemia por el COVID - 19
Authors: Mendizábal Rodríguez Mónica B. , Quiroga Mendizábal Octavia
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo aborda la problemática por la que atraviesa Bolivia actualmente, ante la emergencia sanitaria por el Covid -19. Frente a la crisis, no sólo el sistema de salud ha mostrado su ineficacia, sino también se observa la falta de respuestas por parte de las autoridades en otras áreas que, de la misma manera, se han visto golpeadas por la llegada del virus. La educación se ha visto suspendida en algunas poblaciones y los casos de violencia en razón de género no han disminuido. El común denominador, en ambos casos, es la desvinculación de las autoridades con sus responsabilidades.
Comprensión lectora en estudiantes de primer grado de primaria con la prueba ACL-1A
Authors: Delgado Vásquez Ana Esther , Escurra Mayaute Luis Miguel , Torres Acuña Willian
Published: August 2021

Se realizó la adaptación psicométrica de la prueba Evaluación de la Comprensión Lectora ACL – 1A de G. Catalá, M. Catalá, E. Molina y R. Monclús. Participaron en el estudio 885 niños y niñas de primer grado, estudiantes de instituciones educativas estatales y no estatales de las siete UGEL de Lima Metropolitana.Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la comprensión lectora entre los estudiantes de instituciones educativas estatales y no estatales, siendo los segundos los que evidencian mayor nivel de comprensión lectora. No se encontró diferencias significativas en la comprensión lectora al considerar la variable sexo.
Grado de inserción del Aprendizaje Dialógico en escuelas peruanas durante los años 2017 y 2018
Authors: Barrientos Mollo Roberto , Azula Pastor Juan
Published: August 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el grado de inserción del aprendizaje dialógico en siete escuelas de tres regiones del Perú entre los años 2017 y 2018 a estudiantes de 3º a 6º de primaria y de 1º a 5 de secundaria. Estas escuelas fueron seleccionadas a través de un método de muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados evidenciaron que ocurren mejoras significativas en el nivel de aprendizaje dialógico, principalmente en estudiantes de nivel primaria.   La evidencia sugiere que el rol que cumple el proyecto de “Comunidades de Aprendizaje” tiene mayor repercusión en estudiantes más jóvenes.