bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex trafficking survivors’ experiences with the healthcare system during exploitation: A qualitative study
Authors: Lorvinsky Johane , Pringle John , Filion Françoise , Gagnon Anita J.
Published: August 2023

While most individuals who have experienced sex trafficking will seek medical attention during their exploitation, very few will be identified by healthcare professionals (HCP). It constitutes a lost opportunity to provide appropriate support, resources, and services. In this study, we examined the experiences of accessing care of sex trafficking survivors in the Greater Montreal area and their interactions with HCPs to inform trafficking education programs for HCPs and allied health professionals regarding the needs of this patient population. We conducted seven semi-structured in-depth interviews with purposively selected sex trafficking survivors participating in “Les Survivantes,” a program of the SPVM (Service de Police de la Ville de Montréal), designed to support trafficked individuals’ exit journey. We used interpretive description to understand the lived experiences of trafficked individuals with direct applications to clinical education and care. Our results revealed that trafficked individuals accessing care present with a fragile trust in HCPs and how HCPs have many opportunities to conduct comprehensive examinations and query trafficking. Trafficked individuals’ initial trust in HCPs can be strengthened by non-judgemental approaches or damaged by stigmatizing conduct, serving to isolate further and alienate this patient population. Health professionals’ attitudes combined with healthcare settings’ cultures of care (i.e., community vs emergency) and exposure to marginalized groups were key influencers of survivors’ perception of healthcare interactions. The findings also emphasized the importance of routinely querying trafficking through sensitive psychosocial questioning based on observation of trafficking cues. Survivors reported a list of trafficking cues to recognize and emphasized the importance of trust as a condition of disclosure. Finally, survivors identified the need for exit planning to be centered around trafficked individuals’ agency and holistic needs, and for streamlined community-based multidisciplinary collaboration to better serve this population. Our results highlight that most challenges experienced by trafficking survivors in accessing care and resources are modifiable through HCP education and training. Our study also provides new insights and concrete advice to improve care and support throughout the exiting process. We argue that healthcare services for this population be modeled harm reduction approaches that focus on victims’ agency and needs, independent of their desire to exit trafficking. We emphasize the urgent need for proper case management and intersectoral and multidisciplinary care coordination in community-based settings as well as facilitated access to mental health support.
Maternal health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of health workers in three Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Carvalho Ruth Helena de Souza Britto Ferreira de , Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e , Silva-Junior Aluísio Gomes da , Alexandre Gisele Caldas , Coimbra Tatiana Raquel Selbmann , Moraes Maurício , Menezes Letícia Oliveira de , Oliveira Sandro Schreiber de , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca , Lamy Zeni Carvalho , Barreira Lely Stella Guzman
Published: August 2023

Objective

To analyze the experiences of maternal health workers in three Brazilian cities, located in the Northeast (São Luís), Southeast (Niterói), and South (Pelotas) regions during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Qualitative research carried out between December 2020 and February 2021. Interviews were conducted, in person or remotely, with 30 health workers, doctors and nurses, working in maternity hospitals of different degrees of complexity.

Results

Sociodemographic characteristics, employment relationships and professional qualification of the interviewees were described. Two thematic axes were identified: 1) changes in hospital organization and dynamics in the pandemic; 2) Illness and suffering of health workers. The majority of respondents were women. Most physicians had work relationships in the public and private sectors. In Niterói, health workers had better professional qualifications and more precarious work relationships (as temporary hires), compared to São Luís and Pelotas. In the context of the uncertainties resulting from the pandemic, this situation generated even more insecurity for those workers. The statements at the beginning of the pandemic covered topics such as changes in the organizational dynamics of services, healthcare, telemedicine, and interaction between health workers and users. In the health workers’ perception, the initial period of the health emergency, which resulted in intense changes in the provision of services, was marked by an increase in preterm births, perinatal mortality, and fetal losses. Work overload, fear of contamination, concern for family members and uncertainties regarding the new disease caused intense suffering in health workers who had little institutional support in the cities studied. The suffering experienced by health workers went beyond the work dimension, reaching their private life.

Conclusion

Changes caused by the pandemic required immediate adjustments in professional practices, generating insecurities in healthcare regardless of the location studied. The method of hiring health workers remained the same as the previously practiced one in each city. Due to the risk of disease transmission, measures contrary to humanization practices, and more restrictive in São Luís, were reported as harmful to obstetric care. The Covid-19 pandemic was a huge challenge for the Brazilian health system, aggravating the working conditions experienced by health workers. In addition to the work environment, it was possible to briefly glimpse its effects on private life.
Remote sensing of salmonid spawning sites in freshwater ecosystems: The potential of low-cost UAV data
Authors: Ponsioen Lieke , Kapralova Kalina H. , Holm Fredrik , Hennig Benjamin D.
Published: August 2023

Salmonids are especially vulnerable during their embryonic development, but monitoring of their spawning grounds is rare and often relies on manual counting of their nests (redds). This method, however, is prone to sampling errors resulting in over- or underestimations of redd counts. Salmonid spawning habitat in shallow water areas can be distinguished by their visible reflection which makes the use of standard unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) a viable option for their mapping. Here, we aimed to develop a standardised approach to detect salmonid spawning habitat that is easy and low-cost. We used a semi-automated approach by applying supervised classification techniques to UAV derived RGB imagery from two contrasting lakes in Iceland. For both lakes six endmember classes were obtained with high accuracies. Most importantly, producer’s and user’s accuracy for classifying spawning redds was >90% after applying post-classification improvements for both study areas. What we are proposing here is an entirely new approach for monitoring spawning habitats which will address some the major shortcomings of the widely used redd count methode.g. collecting and analysing large amounts of data cost and time efficiently, limiting observer bias, and allowing for precise quantification over different temporal and spatial scales.
O último ponto da sutura!
Authors: Moraes Sylvio Luiz Costa de
Published: August 2023

Nós, cirurgiões, costumamos estabelecer paralelos, comparações da vida comum com a nossa atividade, a cirurgia. Ao transmitir o cargo de Editor-Chefe do JBCOMS ao meu amigo, e Editor- -Chefe Associado da minha gestão, o Dr. Jonathan Ribeiro da Silva, oficialmente concluo o último ponto da sutura desta cirurgia, a “Cirurgia Colégio”! Como bem dizemos no jargão das especialidades cirúrgicas, “cirurgia só tem hora para começar”. Contudo, à medida que o término se aproxima e executamos a síntese, sempre há o “último ponto da sutura”, ato visto pelo cirurgião como o “gran finale”. Encerro neste ato, portanto, a minha “vida gerencial” no Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial, entidade na qual completo 43 anos de filiação, de profundo respeito, de extrema dedicação.
Uma nova técnica de sutura para cirurgia bucal
Authors: Conci Ricardo Augusto , Pavelski Mateus Diego , Griza Geraldo Luiz , Garbin Jr. Eleonor Álvaro , Fritscher Guilherme Genehr , Heitz Claiton
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Cirurgias bucais são realizadas de forma rotineira na prática clínica e, para que ocorram de forma satisfatória, é necessário respeito às manobras cirúrgicas fundamentais, entre as quais a sutura desempenha papel essencial para o ideal reparo alveolar e cicatrização das feridas. Diversas técnicas foram descritas e são utilizadas ao longo do tempo, com características peculiares, sendo escolhidas de acordo com a indicação de cada caso e a preferência do profissional. Método: O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever uma nova técnica de sutura que pode ser utilizada em alvéolos pós-extração e após a instalação de implantes dentários. Resultados: A técnica apresenta vantagens em relação às técnicas convencionais, é relativamente simples e exequível, e pode ser mais uma alternativa no que diz respeito à síntese durante procedimentos cirúrgicos. Conclusão: A sutura é parte fundamental em um procedimento cirúrgico e deve ser executada para otimizar o processo de reparo e cicatrização das feridas.
Improving Student Journal Visibility via the Directory of Open Access Journals
Authors: Barnsby Judith , Maistrovskaya Mariya
Published: August 2023

In this interview with Judith Barnsby, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), we look at how student-run journals could enhance their visibility by joining DOAJ. We highlight the general and student journal-specific application requirements for inclusion in DOAJ, known challenges with the application process, and recommendations for student journals that want to apply. The interview is conducted by Mariya Maistrovskaya, University of Toronto Libraries, the Interviewer.
Canada’s Student Journal Forum: From Humble Beginnings to National Conference
Authors: Maistrovskaya Mariya , Eke Victoria , Forbes Sarah M.
Published: August 2023

Student Journal Forum began as an in-person half-day event at the University of Toronto (U of T) in 2015. It was organized by a group of librarians with the goal to connect editors of 60+ student-led U of T journals with publishing supports, best practices, and with each other. The audience’s enthusiastic engagement and the community-building power of the event prompted the librarians to offer it again the next year, and the year after. Eight years later, this local annual event has grown into a Canada-wide virtual gathering. The shift to online during the COVID-19 pandemic was a key catalyst to open the Forum to students to connect remotely, and for the event to be jointly organized by multiple libraries across Canada. The event’s offering has evolved as well, moving from librarian-led publishing best practice sessions to student-led presentations and participatory learning sessions. The most recent 2023 Forum featured an open call for proposals that let student editors share their experiences and present on topics that mattered to them. It was complemented by a half-day of publishing skill sessions presented by Canadian librarians and two panels with scholarly editors and publishing professionals. In this paper, we reflect on the evolution of the Student Journal Forum, its successes and challenges, and its role in establishing the connection between student editors across Canada and between different Canadian libraries that offer student journal publishing support.
BASKIRESİMDE HAYAT AĞACI İMGESİNİN YENİDEN YORUMLANMASI
Authors: KAYAHAN Zeliha
Published: August 2023

İnsanlık tarihine bakıldığında temel bir inanç ve kültür unsuru olan ağaç imgesine oldukça önem verildiğini görmekteyiz. Bu durumun, neredeyse her toplumda hayat ağacı imgesinin kült bir motife dönüşmesini sağladığı düşünülebilir. İnsanoğlunun oluşturduğu kültürel altyapının bir dışavurumu olarak destan, efsane ve mitoloji gibi alanlarda hayat ağacı ile ilgili kadim bilgilere ulaşmak mümkündür. Hayat ağacı temasını odağına alan bu çalışma kapsamında, bir kültürel imge olarak bu kavramın anlamı ve dönemsel yorumlamaları için literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonrasında dönemsel olarak geçmişten günümüze hayat ağacı imgesinin farklı disiplinler ve malzemeler aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmiş üretimleri incelenerek imgeye dair görsel ve düşünsel bir zemin oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın son bölümü, hayat ağacı temasından yola çıkarak günümüze bir aktarım yapılması bağlamında, akademisyen/sanatçı AB’nin özgün baskıresim çalışmalarına ayrılmıştır. Sanatçı özgün uygulamaları kapsamında öncelikle çalışmalarının merkezine aldığı hayat ağacı imgesini yalın kompozisyonlar aracılığı ile oluşturmuştur. Çalışmaları kapsamında baskıresim, kolaj, elle müdahale gibi bir çok uygulama pratiğini birlikte kullanan sanatçı, kendi duygusal ve düşünsel dünyasını hayat ağacı imgesi üzerinden yorumlamıştır. Kültürel değerlerin geleceğe taşınması düşüncesi temel alındığında; AB’nin “Hayat Ağacı” imgesi kapsamında ortaya koyduğu seri; kompozisyon, malzeme ve teknik seçimleri bakımından özgün olmasının ötesinde, gelecekte hayat ağacı imgesini odağına alan farklı disiplinlerden çalışmalara da altyapı oluşturma konusunda ilham verici olabilmektedir.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens Encode Different Aspects of a Pavlovian Cue in Sign Tracking and Goal Tracking Rats
Authors: Duffer Kyle , Gillis Zachary S. , Morrison Sara E.
Published: August 2023

When a Pavlovian cue is presented separately from its associated reward, some animals will acquire a sign tracking (ST) response – approach and/or interaction with the cue – while others will acquire a goal tracking response – approach to the site of reward. We have previously shown that cue-evoked excitations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) encode the vigor of both behaviors; in contrast, reward-related responses diverge over the course of training, possibly reflecting neurochemical differences between sign tracker and goal tracker individuals. However, a substantial subset of neurons in the NAc exhibit inhibitory, rather than excitatory, cue-evoked responses, and the evolution of their signaling during Pavlovian conditioning remains unknown. Using single-neuron recordings in behaving rats, we show that NAc neurons with cue-evoked inhibitions have distinct coding properties from neurons with cue-evoked excitations. Cue-evoked inhibitions become more numerous over the course of training and, like excitations, may encode the vigor of sign tracking and goal tracking behavior. However, the responses of cue-inhibited neurons do not evolve differently between sign tracker and goal tracker individuals. Moreover, cue-evoked inhibitions, unlike excitations, are insensitive to extinction of the cue-reward relationship. Finally, we show that cue-evoked excitations are greatly diminished by reward devaluation, while inhibitory cue responses are virtually unaffected. Overall, these findings converge with existing evidence that cue-excited neurons in NAc, but not cue-inhibited neurons, are profoundly sensitive to the same behavior variations that are often associated with changes in dopamine release.
TİP 5 DİRENÇLİ NİŞASTA: NİŞASTA KATILIM KOMPLEKSLERİ
Authors: AKGÜL Fatma Nur , ARSLAN TONTUL Sultan
Published: August 2023

Son zamanlarda sağlık ve gıda bilincinin artması ile doğru orantılı olarak fonksiyonel gıdalara olan talep de artmıştır. Fonksiyonel gıda üretiminde tahıllar; obezite, diyabet ve kolon kanseri gibi kronik rahatsızlıkları önlemek amacıyla diyet lif açısından iyi bir alternatif olabilmektedir. Fakat tahıl kepeği gibi diyet lif içeriği yüksek olan bileşenlerden üretilen gıdaların, duyusal kalitesinin genellikle düşük olması bu tür gıdaların talep edilebilirliğini azaltmaktadır. Gıdalarda renk, koku, tat gibi duyusal özellikleri etkilemeyen dirençli nişasta (DN) ise diyet lif özelliğiyle fonksiyonel ürünlerde kullanılabilmektedir. Günümüzde beş farklı dirençli nişasta formu bulunmaktadır. Gıda endüstrisinde dirençli nişasta çeşitlerinden en fazla DN3 ve DN4 kullanılmaktadır. DN5 formu ise son yıllarda araştırılmaktadır. DN5 üretiminin kısa sürmesi, kimyasal ajan gerektirmeden doğal yöntemlerle üretilmesi, ısıl stabilizasyonunun yüksek olması ve proses sırasında uygulanan yüksek ısı-basınç etkilerinden kompleks yapısının korunması gibi üstün teknolojik özellikleri bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme makale çalışmasında DN5 üretim yöntemleri ve DN’nin sağlık üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.
ETİLEN TUTUCU İÇEREN AKTİF AMBALAJLAMANIN VE DEPOLAMA SICAKLIĞININ KİRAZ DOMATESİN HASAT SONRASI KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: TİRİBOLULU Tuncay , AYHAN Zehra
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı kiraz tipi domatesin (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) hasat sonrası kalitesi ve raf ömrüne etilen tutucu-aktif ambalajlamanın ve depolama sıcaklığının etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Kiraz tipi domates, yapısında etilen tutucu katkı içeren düşük yoğunluklu polietilen (LDPE) ambalajda ve katkısız LDPE ambalajda pasif modifiye atmosfer paketleme (MAP) altında, 4ºC ve 10ºC’de %60 bağıl nemde 32 gün süreyle depolanmıştır. Ambalajsız domates kontrol grubunu oluşturmuştur. Depolama sürecinde tepe boşluğu oksijen, karbondioksit ve etilen konsantrasyonu, ağırlık kaybı, fiziksel analizler (renk, tekstür), kimyasal analizler (%briks, pH, titrasyon asitliği, likopen) ve duyusal değerlendirme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aktif ambalajlanmış kiraz domateste 4ºC’de %6.5 oksijen oranında denge atmosferi sağlanmıştır, ancak 10ºC’de oksijen oranı riskli seviyenin (%2’nin) altına düşmüştür. Depolama sonunda en az etilen üretimi 4ºC’de etilen tutucu içeren aktif ambalajlarda gerçekleşmiştir. Fiziksel, kimyasal ve duyusal analiz sonuçları da dikkate alındığında etilen tutucu içeren aktif ambalajlarda kiraz domatesin 4ºC’de 32 gün raf ömrüne sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Expanded tRNA methyltransferase family member TRMT9B regulates synaptic growth and function
Authors: Hogan Caley A , Gratz Scott J , Dumouchel Jennifer L , Thakur Rajan S , Delgado Ambar , Lentini Jenna M , Madhwani Kimberly R , Fu Dragony , O'Connor‐Giles Kate M
Published: August 2023

Nervous system function rests on the formation of functional synapses between neurons. We have identified TRMT9B as a new regulator of synapse formation and function in Drosophila. TRMT9B has been studied for its role as a tumor suppressor and is one of two metazoan homologs of yeast tRNA methyltransferase 9 (Trm9), which methylates tRNA wobble uridines. Whereas Trm9 homolog ALKBH8 is ubiquitously expressed, TRMT9B is enriched in the nervous system. However, in the absence of animal models, TRMT9B's role in the nervous system has remained unstudied. Here, we generate null alleles of TRMT9B and find it acts postsynaptically to regulate synaptogenesis and promote neurotransmission. Through liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, we find that ALKBH8 catalyzes canonical tRNA wobble uridine methylation, raising the question of whether TRMT9B is a methyltransferase. Structural modeling studies suggest TRMT9B retains methyltransferase function and, in vivo, disruption of key methyltransferase residues blocks TRMT9B's ability to rescue synaptic overgrowth, but not neurotransmitter release. These findings reveal distinct roles for TRMT9B in the nervous system and highlight the significance of tRNA methyltransferase family diversification in metazoans.
Systemic gene therapy rescues retinal dysfunction and hearing loss in a model of Norrie disease
Authors: Pauzuolyte Valda , Patel Aara , Wawrzynski James R , Ingham Neil J , Leong Yeh Chwan , Karda Rajvinder , Bitner‐Glindzicz Maria , Berger Wolfgang , Waddington Simon N , Steel Karen P , Sowden Jane C
Published: August 2023

Deafness affects 5% of the world's population, yet there is a lack of treatments to prevent hearing loss due to genetic causes. Norrie disease is a recessive X‐linked disorder, caused by NDP gene mutation. It manifests as blindness at birth and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, leading to debilitating dual sensory deprivation. To develop a gene therapy, we used a Norrie disease mouse model (Ndptm1Wbrg), which recapitulates abnormal retinal vascularisation and progressive hearing loss. We delivered human NDP cDNA by intravenous injection of adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV)9 at neonatal, juvenile and young adult pathological stages and investigated its therapeutic effects on the retina and cochlea. Neonatal treatment prevented the death of the sensory cochlear hair cells and rescued cochlear disease biomarkers as demonstrated by RNAseq and physiological measurements of auditory function. Retinal vascularisation and electroretinograms were restored to normal by neonatal treatment. Delivery of NDP gene therapy after the onset of the degenerative inner ear disease also ameliorated the cochlear pathology, supporting the feasibility of a clinical treatment for progressive hearing loss in people with Norrie disease.
Differentiation of population income: an objective and subjective assessment
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Deyneka Margarita
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to an empirical analysis of the relationship between objective and subjective assessment of inequality in income distribution. Identifying the relationship between these indicators is a topical issue and requires research to verify the relationship between statistical, graphical and correlation-regression analysis. The objective level of income inequality is represented by the value of the Gini index, and the subjective assessment is the result of a survey of respondents in the World Values Survey project, namely the weighted average perception of inequality on a 10-point scale. The analysis of a sample of 36 countries as a whole and separately in Ukraine was carried out. The results on the nature of the relationship between the selected indicators of inequality in income distribution were obtained.
Theoretical Aspects of Modern Ukrainian Society Economic Behavior Modeling
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Fomina Olena , Olentsevych Nataliya ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University
Published: August 2023

Economic behavior, as a goal-rational activity of an entity living in certain conditions, depends on many factors, namely the needs, interests, values, moral and ethical norms, economic consciousness, the level of economic thinking, etc. It was hypothesized the existence of the natural, social and mental type of economic behavior. The characteristic of each type of economic behavior through its purpose, form, characteristic of economy, result activity is given. It is proved that economic behavior of any type has certain signs of rationality, pragmatism of motivation and the desire for equivalence. The modeling method is used to assess the economic behavior of Ukrainian society based on the analysis of indices of human development and economic freedom. An Index of Economic Behavior is proposed and an interpretation of its quantitative values is provided.
Kreativitas Guru Sejarah dalam Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran pada SMA Negeri 1 Karangtengah dan SMA Negeri 1 Mranggen sebagai Sekolah Penggerak di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Khasanah Nur Aini , Purnomo Arif
Published: August 2023

Kemampuan lebih dari seorang guru dituntut dalam pembelajaran ketika sekolah itu ditetapkan sebagai Sekolah Penggerak karena manajemen yang dilakukan oleh sekolah itu lebih dibandingkan dengan sekolah lain. Guru harus bisa menggunakan dan mengembangkan media pembelajaran sejarah dengan kreativitas yang dimiliki agar pembelajaran dapat tercapai secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui media pembelajaran sejarah yang digunakan guru (2) menganalisis pengembangan media pembelajaran sejarah (3) menganalisis kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru sejarah dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran di SMA N 1 Karangtengah dan SMA N 1 Mranggen sebagai Sekolah Penggerak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa (1) Dalam penggunaan media guru sejarah memperhatikan beberapa kriteria dalam pemilihan media yang akan digunakan (2) kreativitas guru sejarah dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran dilakukan dengan mencari di internet serta dengan dua pola yaitu pola sendiri dan pola kelompok. Media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran sejarah mempunyai banyak manfaatnya (3) Kendala-kendala yang dialami dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran adalah sarana prasarana yang kurang mendukung, serta kendala-kendala dalam pengembangan media adalah waktu, penyesuaian media dengan karakteristik siswa, dan faktor keterbatasan penggunaan teknologi.

Kata kunci: pengembangan media pembelajaran, pembelajaran sejarah, Sekolah Penggerak

The ability of a teacher is demanded more in learning when the school is designated as a "Sekolah Penggerak" (Driving School) due to its management being more advanced compared to other schools. Teachers must be able to use and develop historical learning media with their creativity so that learning can be achieved to the maximum extent. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify the historical learning media used by teachers, (2) to analyze the development of historical learning media, and (3) to analyze the challenges faced by history teachers in developing learning media at SMA N 1 Karangtengah and SMA N 1 Mranggen as Sekolah Penggerak. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study strategy. The results of the research show that (1) History teachers consider several criteria in selecting media for their use, (2) the creativity of history teachers in developing learning media is done by searching on the internet and using two patterns: individual pattern and group pattern. The media used in historical learning has many benefits, (3) The challenges experienced in using learning media are the lack of supportive facilities and infrastructure, and the challenges in media development are related to time, adjusting the media to the students' characteristics, and limited use of technology.

Keywords: learning media development, historical learning, Sekolah Penggerak
Influence of surface steroid groups on sorption of salts of bile acids by mesoporous organosilicas
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Roik N. V. , Belyakova L. A. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Regulation of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in human body is actual task to overcome cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this work was to create biocompatible sorbents with improved sorption ability in relation to bile acids. Mesoporous organosilicas of MCM‑41 type with chemically grafted 3‑aminopropyl and steroid groups were obtained by sol‑gel condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and functional silanes in the presence of template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Porous structure of synthesized organosilicas was characterized by low‑temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption and X‑ray diffraction analysis. Formation of typical for MCM‑41 hexagonal arrangement of cylindrical mesopores was confirmed. Structural parameters of synthesized silica materials were calculated. The influence of surface steroid groups on sorption ability of organosilicas was studied on example of bile salts (sodium cholate and taurocholate) in dependence of duration of contact, acidity of medium, and equilibrium concentration. Analysis of kinetic parameters of sorption estimated by Lagergren and Ho-McKey models confirms the proceeding of pseudo-second order process. The most effective sorption of sodium cholate and taurocholate was observed at pH ~ 5 and pH ~ 2, respectively, where the ovterlapping of pH regions of 3‑aminopropyl groups protonation and bile acids dissociation takes place. Analysis of experimentally obtained isotherms by use of Freundlich, Redlich‑Peterson, and BET models was carried out. It has been found that protonated amino groups are the main sorption centers of bile acids protolytic forms by synthesized aminosilica in pH range from 1 to 8. Introduction of steroid groups in surface layer at sol-gel synthesis leads to the increase of bile salts sorption due to the cooperative interactions with formation of supramolecular structures in the surface layer of organosilica. Obtained results prove prospects of usage of organosilica sorbents with surface steroid groups for regulation of bile acids content in human body.
Research of toxic behavior of copper nanoparticles: effect on electrosurface and biochemical parameters of bacterial cells
Authors:   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Gruzina T. G. , Rieznichenko L. S. ,   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Yakubenko L. M. ,   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Podolska V. I. ,   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Grishchenko N. I. ,   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Ulberg Z. R. ,   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Dybkova S. M. ,   F.D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: August 2023

This research is aimed at the investigation the electrosurface and biochemical parameters of bacterial cells B. cereus B4368, L. plantarum, E. coli K-A, P. fluorescens B5040 under the influence of copper in ionic form and as nanoparticles in order to determine the nature and level of their toxic effect on bacteria. Copper nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous solution with NaBH4 and stabilized with dextran were used. Changes in membrane transport parameters were assessed by the value of ATPase activity; changes in transmembrane potential were assessed by the method of penetrating tetraphenylphosphonium cations (TPP+); and bacterial integrity was assessed by UV spectroscopy of cellular metabolites. A concentration-dependent inhibition of the membrane ATPase reaction and dissipation of the transmembrane potential under the action of both forms of copper was found, and the inhibitory effect in the case of the nanoparticles was on average 20 % higher than in the ionic form. As a result of heterocoagulation of dextran-stabilized copper nanoparticles and bacteria, a decrease in the negative ξ - potential of bacteria was observed, which was 40 % more effective under the action of copper nanoparticles compared to Cu2+ ions. The most significant changes in membrane parameters were observed in the range 10–60 μM of copper concentrations. With B. cereus B4368 cells taken as an example, we found a violation of the barrier function of their cell membrane under the influence of both copper preparations. In the case of copper nanoparticles, nucleic acid leakage from the bacterial cytoplasm was detected, which was confirmed by the absorption band at 260 nm. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity of the studied electrosurface and biochemical parameters of bacterial cells to the effects of ionic and nanoparticle copper, which allows them to be used as indicators of the toxicity of metal nanoparticles in the development of metal-containing probiotic preparations.
Software and information simulation complex of multi-node integrated and autonomous power and heat supply systems
Authors:   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Denysov Viktor , Babak Vitalii ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

A software and information complex for modeling multi-node integrated and autonomous power and heat supply systems is proposed. The main difference of the proposed software and information complex is the possibility of a detailed consideration of the influence of economic and technological parameters contained in the power system of individual power units and nodes. These parameters can be presented both in the form of matrices on the sheets of the software and information complex, and in the form of separate attached files available for automated input by the software and information complex. The main advantages of the complex, which distinguish it from the known ones, include versatility, which makes it possible to study various models of energy systems in a short time. This versatility is ensured by the fact that the complex is developed using a combination of standard Microsoft Excel software and SolverStudio – an add-in for Excel 2007 and later versions on Windows, which allows you to explore a variety of optimization models using a large list of optimization modeling languages. With the SolverStudio add-in in the information package, the user can develop, edit, save, and debug an optimization model in an Excel workbook. The connection of source data, sets, parameters, constants and variables used in the model is conveniently organized. After editing the parameters and source data, the model is launched. Simulation results can be displayed both on model sheets and displayed as separate files. Another advantage of the software and information complex is the ability to conveniently compare many models, due to the fact that each of the worksheets can have its own model. The developed software and information complex makes it possible to calculate in detail the energy, technological and economic indicators of the optimal use of power system components, to determine the permissible limits of the operating parameters of power units of autonomous and integrated power systems. The results of these calculations make it possible to select appropriate measures for the future renewal of technologies for the production of electric and thermal energy. The ease of use and editing of both individual parameters and program texts used in modeling the development of power systems improves the quality of the resulting development scenarios. The proposed software and information complex can be used to study the prospects for short-term and long-term development of Ukraine, as well as the energy system integrated with the power systems of neighboring ENTSO-E member countries, which is relevant in these conditions. Keywords: software, information, complex, multi-node, integrated, autonomous, power, systems.
Quality of the information flow management at stochastic energy consumption conditions
Authors:   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Kovtun Svitlana , Ponomarenko Oleksandr ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Nazarenko Oleg ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Modern energy systems are rapidly changing and becoming increasingly complex. This process is facilitated by the growing demand for distributed energy resources, renewable energy sources, and distributed generation. This makes the energy system highly stochastic. An integral part of the concept of smart grids is the production of energy from distributed energy sources. Modernization of the energy network with the help of intelligent technologies allows us to fully take into account the peculiarities of energy consumption. The smart grid paradigm envisions flexible energy demand and storage to cope with the variability of renewable energy sources. A necessary condition for the implementation of demand response is an improved infrastructure, especially information and communication technologies. The paper presents the results of research on the quality of information flow management under conditions of stochastic energy consumption by maintaining a stationary queue of information transmission through the network and preventing overloading of the controlled network segment. The stages of monitoring and assessment of the network state, as well as the methodology of identification of network parameters are presented. According to the results of the analysis of the system of key network parameters and the specifics of their application for managing the quality of network service, it has been established that using the statistical approach one can distinguish between the key parameters of the network. The wireless network has been researched, which allows us to build a quality of service management system by regulating and shaping traffic. It is shown that when using a polling system with feedback on the speed of buffer filling to organize requests in the network, it is possible to maintain a stationary queue with a non-stationary flow of requests. Keywords: wireless network, information delay, stochastic energy consumption.
Különböző védőeszközök hőkamerás vizsgálata és a kilélegzett levegő sebességének mérése teljes gégeeltávolításon átesett betegekben COVID–19-pandémia idején.
Authors: Iszlai Zoltán , Fodor Béla , Szabó Renáta , Szekanecz Zoltán , Karosi Tamás
Published: August 2023

Bevezetés: A teljes gégeeltávolításon átesett betegeknél a
légcső és a tüdő a SARS-CoV-2 közvetlen fertőzésének további helyeként
szolgálhat, mivel a légúti áramlás a tracheostomán keresztül történik.
Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk,
LaryTube™ mellett a betegek képesek-e nagyobb mértékben
aeroszolok terjesztésére, mint LaryTube™ nélkül, továbbá az, hogy
megfigyeljük, vizsgálható-e különböző védőeszközök felszíne a hőkamera
segítségével ebben a betegcsoportban. Fontos célkitűzésként szerepelt az is,
hogy megerősítsük a feltételezést, miszerint a HME (heat and moisture exchanger
– hő- és nedvességcserélő) használata önmagában nem nyújt védelmet
COVID–19-pandémia esetén. Végül vizsgálataink során próbáltunk választ kapni
arra a feltételezésünkre, hogy a HME belfelszínéről vett minta tesztelhető-e
SARS-CoV-2 irányában. Módszer: Teljes gégeeltávolításon átesett
23 beteg kilélegzett levegőjének sebességét mértük HME-vel és HME nélkül,
LaryTube™ használatával, illetve anélkül. Az általunk
kiválasztott védőeszközök felszínén hőkamerás vizsgálatot végeztünk, melyeket
minden esetben a beteg stomája elé helyeztünk. A HME belfelszínéről és a trachea
hátsó faláról vett váladékot az esetleges SARS-CoV-2-pozitivitás miatt
PCR-vizsgálatnak vetettük alá. Eredmények:
LaryTube™-bal ellátott férfi betegeink HME nélkül 43%-kal gyorsabban
fújták ki levegőjüket, mint a LaryTube™ nélküliek. Nők esetében ez az
érték 39% fölött volt. A legalacsonyabb felszíni hőmérsékletet az FFP2-es maszk
esetében regisztráltuk. A küldött minták PCR segítségével SARS-CoV-2-re
tesztelhetők, vírus jelenlétét nem mutatták ki. Következtetés:
A teljes gégeeltávolításon átesett betegek LaryTube™ nélkül kisebb
eséllyel képesek az aeroszolok terjesztésére, mivel hiányzik a tubus mint a
stoma szűkítő tényezője. Ezen betegeknek ajánlott COVID–19-pandémia idején a
vírusszűrővel ellátott HME használata, sőt a legracionálisabb megoldás a tubus
elhagyása és tapaszra cserélése a HME rögzítése miatt. A használt védőeszközök
felszíne hőkamerával vizsgálható laryngectomián átesett betegek esetében is.
Szükség esetén bevezethető a klinikai gyakorlatba a HME belfelszínéről vett
minta PCR-tesztelése SARS-CoV-2 irányában, mely sokkal biztonságosabb módszernek
bizonyult. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(34): 1327–1336.
Application of common packaging materials in the probiotic fresh cheese production
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, Serbia, Iličić Mirela
Published: August 2023

The aim of this work was to investigate the application of common packaging materials polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) in the probiotic fresh cheese production packaging. Probiotic and traditional cheeses were produced from milk with standardized milk fat content of 2.3 g/100 g including the application of two cultures (probiotic and traditional). The samples were packed in the PP and PS cups and stored at 4 ºC for 30 days. The observed permeability of gases through the two applied packaging materials was significantly different. Cheese samples were analysed for microbiological properties whereby lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium sp. and aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) were determined. Packaging materials showed no significant effect on the content of ascorbic acid which is known to be sensitive to the presence of oxygen.
The effects spicing on quality of mozzarella cheese
Authors:   Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Akarca G.
Published: August 2023

In this study, 3 different spice mixes were added just after blanching to mozzarella cheese produced by high moisture production method. The dough was kneaded and filled into to fibrous cases. After filling process, cheeses were stored for 28 days at 4 °C and 85 % of relative humidity. The following characteristics were measured: color parameters, milk acidity, total dry matter, maturation index, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliform bacteria, coagulase positive staphylococci, lactic acid bacteria, species of Lactococcus bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, lipolytic bacteria and mold /yeast count were examined on 0, 5, 15,21 and 28 days after storage. Although L* (lightness) and a* (redness) values decreased during storage period, while moreover b* (yellowness) values increased. In addition acidity, dry matter and maturation index values increased during storage. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Lactococcus spp., lipolytic bacteria and mold/ yeast counts decreased, but proteolytic bacteria count increased.
The composition and properties of jenny milk
Authors:   Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Veterinarski fakultet, Zavod za higijenu, tehnologiju i sigurnost hrane, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Hrvatska, Cvrtila Fleck Željka
Published: August 2023

Jenny breeding and the production of jenny milk are becoming more common, especially on family farms in the area of Istria and Dalmatia, but in continental Croatia as well. The aim of this study was to explore basic chemical and fatty acid composition, somatic cell count and sensory traits of jenny milk. In total eleven milk samples were analized from two breeds: Littoral-Dinaric (Dalmatian) jennies (N=6) and Istrian jennies (N=5) originating from farms in the area of Zagreb and Istrian County. Fat content was markedly low and was 1.16 % at the most, whereas the average fat content in the milk of Istrian jennies was 0.14 %, i.e. 0.69 % in Dalmatian jennies. The average protein content was 1.29 % and average lactose content 6.5 %. The milk of Dalmatian jennies contained 3.8 log10 mL-1 of somatic cells whose values were lower in the milk of Istrian jennies (3.2 log10 mL-1). At the same time a higher total count of white blood cells (4.9-5.3 x 109/L) was determined in milk samples of Istrian jennies, in comparison to the milk of Dalmatian jennies (5.1 x 109/ L at the most). The fatty acid composition showed that the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the milk of Istrian jennies was 70.45 %, while in the milk of Dalmatian jennies it was 59.92 %. The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were represented on average with 21.23 % and 24.61 %, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with 8.31 % and 15.46 % in Istrian and Dalmatian jennies. The total ratio saturated/unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.37 to 0.72 at the most and it was lower in milk samples of Istrian jennies. Jenny milk is characterized by a low fat content and high lactose content, and fatty acid composition with a favourable ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The somatic cell count in the milk is lower in comparison to the milk of other domestic animals.
Aflatoxin M1 contaminations in mouldy cheese
Authors:   Pamukkale University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Denizli/Turkey, Özgören Ezgi
Published: August 2023

In this study, a total of 100 mouldy cheese samples were collected from randomly selected markets from 5 different cities of Turkey during October and November. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 52 samples and their levels ranged from 10.6 to 702 ng/kg. The widespread presences of aflatoxin M1 in mouldy cheese may be considered to be potential hazards for human health.
Metabolic disorders in dairy Simmentals - prevalence risk and effect on subsequent daily milk traits
Authors:   University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Gantner Vesna
Published: August 2023

In order to analyse metabolic disorders in Simmental cows, 2.641.223 test-day records have been used. The metabolic disorders prevalence risk was indicated by the fat to protein (F/P) ratio, while the subclinical disorder was demonstrated using the F/P ratio and daily production. In terms of the ketosis prevalence risk (KPR), the highest prevalence risks occurred at the 20th lactation day in all tested cows with exception of cows in parity P4+ which experienced peak prevalence risk at 25th lactation day. A steady decrease of KPR after peak prevalence was observed in all animals except the 3rd lactation cows which experienced the second peak prevalence at the 30th lactation day, after which the prevalence risk continued to decline. The highest acidosis prevalence risk (APR) was detected among 4+ parity cows. Considering the lactation stage, the highest APR occurred within the first 10 days, with the indication from 16 to 23 %, depending on parity. The peak prevalence risk was followed by a considerable decline during the ensuing 20 days. The prevalence risk began to increase among all cows after the 25th lactation day. Furthermore, there was a considerable decrease in a daily milk yield and variation of daily milk contents due to subclinical disorders. The most noticeable drop in daily milk yield, for both ketosis/acidosis, was detected in cows in 4+ parity in the amounts of 7.45 kg/day and 2.73 kg/day respectively. There was also a production decline in the subsequent milk controls. Subclinical disorders can also substantially change daily milk contents. The daily fat content was considerably reduced by the subclinical ketosis and the same parameter was considerably increased by the subclinical acidosis. The opposite trends were detected for daily protein content. Since indication criteria was set on Holstein population and considering the fact that Simmental cows produce noticeably less, some adjustment is needed before a routine use of test-day records for early detection of metabolic disorders in dairy Simmental herds.
ANN and RSM modelling of antioxidant characteristics of kombucha fermented milk beverages with peppermint
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, Vitas Jasmina
Published: August 2023

Antioxidant activity to stable DPPH radical (AADPPH) and unstable hydroxyl radicals (AA.OH) and nutraceuticals (monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ascorbic acid) content of kombucha fermented milks with peppermint (KFM-P) were modelled and optimised. Beverages were produced by the addition of 10 % of kombucha peppermint inoculum to the milk containing 0.8, 1.6 and 2.8 % milk fat at 37, 40 and 43 °C. Response surface methodology (RSM) indicated opposite response surfaces for AADPPH and AA.OH PUFAs and ascorbic acid, as most significant and influential factors, were included in graphical optimization and gave the working region for obtaining products of highest antioxidant quality: lower temperatures and milk fat up to 1.8 %; higher temperatures and milk fat of maximum 1.6 %. ANN modelling of antioxidant characteristics of kombucha fermented milk beverages with peppermint was, as expected, more accurate than RSM.