bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS, CHEMICAL BONDS AND WEAK INTERACTIONS OF 4- AND 5-HYDROXYSALICYLIC ACID INVESTIGATED BY TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY AND DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY
Authors: Tang Yuan , Li Zhi , Guo Yan , Yin Xianhua , Tu Shan , Zhang Dapeng
Published: April 2022

The terahertz (THz) absorption spectra of 4- and 5-hydroxysalicylic acid were measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the range of 0.4–2.8 THz. The unit cells of both were calculated by density functional theory (DFT), and the theoretical simulation and experimental data were basically in agreement. To further interpret the origin of the characteristic absorption peaks, vibration characteristics and interactions of the unit cell model were analyzed by using potential energy distribution (PED) and interaction region indicator (IRI) method. The analysis indicated that the absorption peaks of 4- and 5-hydroxysalicylic acid were mainly derived from the vibration mode of dihedral angle torsion, and were closely related to the hydrogen bonds. And the intermolecular weak interaction of both were mainly dominated in quantity by van der Waals interaction. The results show that this is an effective solution to identify isomers and explain the formation mechanism of characteristic absorption peaks by using THz-TDS and combining PED and IRI methods.
Perceived Public Service Quality and Accessibility for Regional Index Development: The Case of City of Mojokerto-Indonesia
Authors: Said Abdullah
Published: April 2022

This research focuses on health and education as basic needs to build society through public services. Quality and accessibility are a series of processes to provide valuable services to society as a whole. Additionally, there is regional development to be closer and reach the community to avoid imbalances that occur between regions. This study used survey data collection methods and data analysis using quantitative descriptive. The sample of this study was 195 respondents spread across three districts of the City of Mojokerto using stratified random sampling related to a proportional sample. The findings in this study indicate that public services affected the quality and accessibility improvement of the people of Mojokerto Regency. However, public perception still showed that public services are not yet quality and affordable in all areas of society. Thus, public services have not been felt with the ease of access in some areas. There needs to be an evaluation of public services to provide welfare and improve connectivity between regions.
Supplier Performance Evaluation on Regular Raw Material Suppliers by Applying AHP and TOPSIS Approaches (Evidence from the Apple Agroindustry)
Authors: Wardana Afrizal , Maulidah Silvana , Aprilia Anisa
Published: April 2022

The supplier is one of the supply chain entities that serves as a provider of raw materials, and poor supplier performance will harm the company's smooth production system. This study aims to identify supplier criteria, analyze priority weights, and evaluate supplier performance in the apple Agro-industry. Respondents in this study were business owners chosen through the judgmental sampling method. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to test the priority weights of supplier performance criteria, while the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was used to test the priority weights of supplier performance priorities. The results showed that the service criteria received the highest priority weighting criteria, followed by price, quality, and delivery. Good service will positively impact integration, making it easier to achieve an effective and efficient supply chain. Meanwhile, in terms of the company's fixed supplier performance priorities, supplier 1 received the highest rating, followed by suppliers 2 and 3. Thus, supplier performance is quite good, but several things could be improved, specifically fruit size and responsiveness to supplier 3 and prices to suppliers 1 and 2.
The Effect of Sustainable Supply Chain Management on the Performance of Certified Organic Coffee at Malang Regency
Authors: Putri Rosita , Retnoningsih Dwi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of sustainable supply chain management on the performance of organic Robusta coffee in the Farmers Group, Amadanom Village, Malang Regency. The impact of sustainable supply chain management in this study is identified from the supplier, manufacture, and consumer variables. Supply chain performance is known through economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The approach used in this research is quantitative. The data was collected from 50 respondents. These respondents are all elements of Farmer Group's sustainable supply chain. Sampling was done by census and snowball sampling. The research used the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method to analyze. This study showed that the supplier does not significantly affect economic performance but has a positive and significant impact on environmental performance and social performance. The manufacturing variable has a positive and significant effect on financial and social performance but does not substantially impact environmental performance. Consumers in a sustainable supply chain have a positive and significant effect on economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance.
Comparative Study of SVR, Regression and ANN Water Surface Forecasting for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Soebroto Arief , Cholissodin Imam , Pratiwi Destyana , Putra Guruh
Published: April 2022

In the smart agriculture system based on green-based technology of artificial intelligence (AI), flooding can be predicted early by forecasting the water surface and good agricultural irrigation. The process of rising and falling of the water surface in a water basin area can be explained theoretically, but since there are many related variables and the complexity of dependencies between variables, the mathematical model is difficult to construct. Forecasting water surface in the field of irrigation needs too many variable parameters, such as cross-sectional area, depth, volume of rivers and so on. Based on patterns in each period, forecasting can be done using a statistical method and AI. This study uses the support vector regression (SVR) method, regression, multiple linear regression, and algorithm backpropagation, all compared to one another. The results of tests carried out between SVR and multiple linear regression show that SVR is superior. This can be seen from the result of the mean square error (MSE) obtained for each method. SVR 0.03 and for multiple linear regression, 0.05. The result is also supported by the best MSE result in the regression method, which is 0.338, and the best MSE value in artificial neural network (ANN), which is 0.428.
Themes Surrounding COVID-19 and Its Infodemic: Qualitative Analysis of the COVID-19 Discussion on the Multidisciplinary Healthcare Information for All Health Forum
Authors: Gangireddy Rakshith , Chakraborty Stuti , Pakenham-Walsh Neil , Nagarajan Branavan , Krishan Prerna , McGuire Richard , Vaghela Gladson , Sriharan Abi
Published: April 2022

Background

Healthcare Information for All (HIFA) is a multidisciplinary global campaign consisting of more than 20,000 members worldwide committed to improving the availability and use of health care information in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). During the COVID-19 pandemic, online HIFA forums saw a tremendous amount of discussion regarding the lack of information about COVID-19, the spread of misinformation, and the pandemic’s impact on different communities.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the themes and perspectives shared in the COVID-19 discussion on English HIFA forums.

Methods

Over a period of 8 months, a qualitative thematic content analysis of the COVID-19 discussion on English HIFA forums was conducted. In total, 865 posts between January 24 and October 31, 2020, from 246 unique study participants were included and analyzed.

Results

In total, 6 major themes were identified: infodemic, health system, digital health literacy, economic consequences, marginalized peoples, and mental health. The geographical distribution of study participants involved in the discussion spanned across 46 different countries in every continent except Antarctica. Study participants’ professions included public health workers, health care providers, and researchers, among others. Study participants’ affiliation included nongovernment organizations (NGOs), commercial organizations, academic institutions, the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and others.

Conclusions

The themes that emerged from this analysis highlight personal recounts, reflections, suggestions, and evidence around addressing COVID-19 related misinformation and might also help to understand the timeline of information evolution, focus, and needs surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Public Opinion and Sentiment Before and at the Beginning of COVID-19 Vaccinations in Japan: Twitter Analysis
Authors: Niu Qian , Liu Junyu , Kato Masaya , Shinohara Yuki , Matsumura Natsuki , Aoyama Tomoki , Nagai-Tanima Momoko
Published: April 2022

Background

COVID-19 vaccines are considered one of the most effective ways for containing the COVID-19 pandemic, but Japan lagged behind other countries in vaccination in the early stages. A deeper understanding of the slow progress of vaccination in Japan can be instructive for COVID-19 booster vaccination and vaccinations during future pandemics.

Objective

This retrospective study aims to analyze the slow progress of early-stage vaccination in Japan by exploring opinions and sentiment toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Japanese tweets before and at the beginning of vaccination.

Methods

We collected 144,101 Japanese tweets containing COVID-19 vaccine-related keywords between August 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021. We visualized the trend of the tweets and sentiments and identified the critical events that may have triggered the surges. Correlations between sentiments and the daily infection, death, and vaccination cases were calculated. The latent dirichlet allocation model was applied to identify topics of negative tweets from the beginning of vaccination. We also conducted an analysis of vaccine brands (Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca) approved in Japan.

Results

The daily number of tweets continued with accelerating growth after the start of large-scale vaccinations in Japan. The sentiments of around 85% of the tweets were neutral, and negative sentiment overwhelmed the positive sentiment in the other tweets. We identified 6 public-concerned topics related to the negative sentiment at the beginning of the vaccination process. Among the vaccines from the 3 manufacturers, the attitude toward Moderna was the most positive, and the attitude toward AstraZeneca was the most negative.

Conclusions

Negative sentiment toward vaccines dominated positive sentiment in Japan, and the concerns about side effects might have outweighed fears of infection at the beginning of the vaccination process. Topic modeling on negative tweets indicated that the government and policy makers should take prompt actions in building a safe and convenient vaccine reservation and rollout system, which requires both flexibility of the medical care system and the acceleration of digitalization in Japan. The public showed different attitudes toward vaccine brands. Policy makers should provide more evidence about the effectiveness and safety of vaccines and rebut fake news to build vaccine confidence.
Modeling Trust in COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps Using the Human-Computer Trust Scale: Online Survey Study
Authors: Sousa Sonia , Kalju Tiina
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in technology use worldwide, both socially and economically. This pandemic crisis has brought additional measures such as contact-tracing apps (CTAs) to help fight against spread of the virus. Unfortunately, the low adoption rate of these apps affected their success. There could be many reasons for the low adoption, including concerns of security and privacy, along with reported issues of trust in CTAs. Some concerns are related with how CTAs could be used as surveillance tools or their potential threats to privacy as they involve health data. For example, in Estonia, the CTA named HOIA had approximately 250,000 downloads in the middle of January 2021. However, in 2021, only 4.7% of the population used HOIA as a COVID-19 CTA. The reasons for the low adoption include lack of competency, and privacy and security concerns. This lower adoption and the lack of trustworthiness persist despite efforts of the European Union in building ethics and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI)-based apps.

Objective

The aim of this study was to understand how to measure trust in health technologies. Specifically, we assessed the usefulness of the Human-Computer Trust Scale (HCTS) to measure Estonians’ trust in the HOIA app and the causes for this lack of trust.

Methods

The main research question was: Can the HCTS be used to assess citizens’ perception of trust in health technologies? We established four hypotheses that were tested with a survey. We used a convenience sample for data collection, including sharing the questionnaire on social network sites and using the snowball method to reach all potential HOIA users in the Estonian population.

Results

Among the 78 respondents, 61 had downloaded the HOIA app with data on usage patterns. However, 20 of those who downloaded the app admitted that it was never opened despite most claiming to regularly use mobile apps. The main reasons included not understanding how it works, and privacy and security concerns. Significant correlations were found between participants’ trust in CTAs in general and their perceived trust in the HOIA app regarding three attributes: competency (P<.001), risk perception (P<.001), and reciprocity (P=.01).

Conclusions

This study shows that trust in the HOIA app among Estonian residents did affect their predisposition to use the app. Participants did not generally believe that HOIA could help to control the spread of the virus. The result of this work is limited to HOIA and health apps that use similar contact-tracing methods. However, the findings can contribute to gaining a broader understanding and awareness of the need for designing trustworthy technologies. Moreover, this work can help to provide design recommendations that ensure trustworthiness in CTAs, and the ability of AI to use highly sensitive data and serve society.
Social Robot Interventions in Mental Health Care and Their Outcomes, Barriers, and Facilitators: Scoping Review
Authors: Guemghar Imane , Pires de Oliveira Padilha Paula , Abdel-Baki Amal , Jutras-Aswad Didier , Paquette Jesseca , Pomey Marie-Pascale
Published: April 2022

Background

The use of social robots as innovative therapeutic tools has been increasingly explored in recent years in an effort to address the growing need for alternative intervention modalities in mental health care.

Objective

The aim of this scoping review was to identify and describe social robot interventions in mental health facilities and to highlight their outcomes as well as the barriers and facilitators to their implementation.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature published since 2015 was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO databases were searched, and 2239 papers were retrieved. The papers included were primary empirical studies published in peer-reviewed literature. Eligible studies were set in mental health facilities and they included participants with a known mental health disorder. The methodological quality of the included papers was also assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

A total of 30 papers met the eligibility criteria for this review. Studies involved participants with dementia, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and an intellectual disability. The outcomes studied included engagement, social interaction, emotional state, agitation, behavior, and quality of life.

Conclusions

The methodological weaknesses of the studies conducted this far and the lack of diversity in the conditions studied limit the generalizability of the results. However, despite the presence of certain barriers to their implementation (eg, technical problems, unsuitable environment, staff resistance), social robot interventions generally show positive effects on patients with mental health disorders. Studies of stronger methodological quality are needed to further understand the benefits and the place of social robots in mental health care.
COVID-19 and Tweets About Quitting Cigarette Smoking: Topic Model Analysis of Twitter Posts 2018-2020
Authors: Westmaas J Lee , Masters Matthew , Bandi Priti , Majmundar Anuja , Asare Samuel , Diver W Ryan
Published: April 2022

Background

The risk of infection and severity of illness by SARS-CoV-2 infection is elevated for people who smoke cigarettes and may motivate quitting. Organic public conversations on Twitter about quitting smoking could provide insight into quitting motivations or behaviors associated with the pandemic.

Objective

This study explored key topics of conversation about quitting cigarette smoking and examined their trajectory during 2018-2020.

Methods

Topic model analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) identified themes in US tweets with the term “quit smoking.” The model was trained on posts from 2018 and was then applied to tweets posted in 2019 and 2020. Analysis of variance and follow-up pairwise tests were used to compare the daily frequency of tweets within and across years by quarter.

Results

The mean numbers of daily tweets on quitting smoking in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 133 (SD 36.2), 145 (SD 69.4), and 127 (SD 32.6), respectively. Six topics were extracted: (1) need to quit, (2) personal experiences, (3) electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), (4) advice/success, (5) quitting as a component of general health behavior change, and (6) clinics/services. Overall, the pandemic was not associated with changes in posts about quitting; instead, New Year’s resolutions and the 2019 e-cigarette or vaping use–associated lung injury (EVALI) epidemic were more plausible explanations for observed changes within and across years. Fewer second-quarter posts in 2020 for the topic e-cigarettes may reflect lower pandemic-related quitting interest, whereas fourth-quarter increases in 2020 for other topics pointed to a late-year upswing.

Conclusions

Twitter posts suggest that the pandemic did not generate greater interest in quitting smoking, but possibly a decrease in motivation when the rate of infections was increasing in the second quarter of 2020. Public health authorities may wish to craft messages for specific Twitter audiences (eg, using hashtags) to motivate quitting during pandemics.
Conditional Probability Joint Extraction of Nested Biomedical Events: Design of a Unified Extraction Framework Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Jian , Lu Huiyi , Xu Bing , Zhang Yijia , Banbhrani Santosh Kumar , Lin Hongfei
Published: April 2022

Background

Event extraction is essential for natural language processing. In the biomedical field, the nested event phenomenon (event A as a participating role of event B) makes extracting this event more difficult than extracting a single event. Therefore, the performance of nested biomedical events is always underwhelming. In addition, previous works relied on a pipeline to build an event extraction model, which ignored the dependence between trigger recognition and event argument detection tasks and produced significant cascading errors.

Objective

This study aims to design a unified framework to jointly train biomedical event triggers and arguments and improve the performance of extracting nested biomedical events.

Methods

We proposed an end-to-end joint extraction model that considers the probability distribution of triggers to alleviate cascading errors. Moreover, we integrated the syntactic structure into an attention-based gate graph convolutional network to capture potential interrelations between triggers and related entities, which improved the performance of extracting nested biomedical events.

Results

The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method achieved the best F1 score on the multilevel event extraction biomedical event extraction corpus and achieved a favorable performance on the biomedical natural language processing shared task 2011 Genia event corpus.

Conclusions

Our conditional probability joint extraction model is good at extracting nested biomedical events because of the joint extraction mechanism and the syntax graph structure. Moreover, as our model did not rely on external knowledge and specific feature engineering, it had a particular generalization performance.
Videoconferencing in Pressure Injury: Randomized Controlled Telemedicine Trial in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury (Preprint)
Authors: Irgens Ingebjørg , Midelfart-Hoff Jana , Jelnes Rolf , Alexander Marcalee , Stanghelle Johan Kvalvik , Thoresen Magne , Rekand Tiina
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Geographical, financial and travel-related barriers may impact access to necessary health care for people in need of long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research was to perform a nonblinded, randomized, controlled trial on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), healing, interaction, and satisfaction of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and PI receiving multidisciplinary videoconference consultations from a wound clinic to the participant’s home versus regular outpatient care. The multidisciplinary team consisted of a medical doctor, a wound nurse, and an occupational therapist. In both groups, district nurses attended the consultations at the participant’s home.

METHODS

A total of 56 participants, 28 in each group, were randomized to a videoconference group (VCG) or a regular care group (RCG). Validated questionnaires were used to measure and compare the follow-up effect on HRQoL. Percentage reduction of wound volume was measured at end of the follow-up. A Likert scale was used to measure the satisfaction of the patients and district nurses regarding the interaction between different modalities of care in the 2 groups.

RESULTS

The HRQoL did not show significant differences between the 2 groups (P values ranging from .09 to .88) or the rate of PI healing, experienced interaction, and satisfaction in the groups. A total of 67% (37/55) of all PIs healed, 64% (18/28) in the VCG and 70% (19/27) in the RCG. Mean reduction in ulcer volume was 79% in the VCG and 85% in the RCG (P=.32). A Kaplan-Meier plot with a logrank test regarding time to healing did not show any significant difference between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Videoconference-based care seems to be a safe and efficient way to manage PIs in terms of HRQoL, healing, interaction, and satisfaction compared to conventional care for people with SCI. This should be considered when planning for future care. SCI has a huge impact on the individual, the family, and the health care system. There is an urgent need to improve systems of care so that individuals who live far from specialists and require long-term follow-up for conditions such as PI can get optimal treatment.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02800915; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02800915 and Current Research Information System in Norway (CRISTIN) 545284; https://app.cristin.no/projects/show.jsf?id=545284
Toward Research-Informed Design Implications for Interventions Limiting Smartphone Use: Functionalities Review of Digital Well-being Apps (Preprint)
Authors: Almoallim Sultan , Sas Corina
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Much research in human-computer interaction has focused on well-being and how it can be better supported through a range of technologies, from affective interfaces to mindfulness systems. At the same time, we have seen a growing number of commercial digital well-being apps. However, there has been limited scholarly work reviewing these apps.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to report on an autoethnographic study and functionality review of the 39 most popular commercial digital well-being apps on Google Play Store and 17 apps described in academic papers.

METHODS

From 1250 apps on Google Play Store, we selected 39 (3.12%) digital well-being apps, and from Google Scholar, we identified 17 papers describing academic apps. Both sets of digital well-being apps were analyzed through a review of their functionalities based on their descriptions. The commercial apps were also analyzed through autoethnography, wherein the first author interacted with them to understand how these functionalities work and how they may be experienced by users in their daily lives.

RESULTS

Our findings indicate that these apps focus mostly on limiting screen time, and we advanced a richer conversation about such apps, articulating the distinctions among monitoring use, tracking use against set limits, and 4 specific interventions supporting limited use.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude with 6 implications for designing digital well-being apps, namely calling to move beyond screen time and support the broader focus of digital well-being; supporting meaningful use rather than limiting meaningless use; leveraging (digital) navigation in design for friction; supporting collaborative interaction to limit phone overuse; supporting explicit, time-based visualizations for monitoring functionality; and supporting the ethical design of digital well-being apps.
A Tailored Web-Based Video Intervention (ParentCoach) to Support Parents With Children With Sleeping Problems: User-Centered Design Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Preuhs Katharina , van Keulen Hilde , Andree Rosa , Wins Sophie , van Empelen Pepijn
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Many parents frequently struggle with undesirable or problematic behavior (ie, temper tantrums and whining) displayed by their child. To support parents in promoting positive parenting skills (ie, recognizing challenging situations and reacting appropriately), the interactive video e-learning tool ParentCoach was developed. The tool aims to teach parents generic behavioral responses by means of situational learning, tailoring, and problem solving. The first demonstration focused on sleeping problems.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the user-centered development of ParentCoach.

METHODS

We conducted usability, understandability, and acceptance tests among the target group (29 parents, 7 youth health care professionals, and 4 individuals with former lower health literacy) in different phases of the development process via focus groups, interviews, and surveys. This allowed for relevant insights on specifications and user requirements to guide the development and revision of the tool in each iteration.

RESULTS

Iterative testing and development allowed for the final demonstration of ParentCoach to be experienced as a relevant and accessible parenting intervention that can be used as a stand-alone program or in combination with another program.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper elaborates on the iterative development process and its benefits for the final demonstration of ParentCoach.
Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “Google Trends as a Predictive Tool for COVID-19 Vaccinations in Italy: Retrospective Infodemiological Analysis” (Preprint)
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is the author response to peer review reports related to ms#35356.
Peer Review of “Google Trends as a Predictive Tool for COVID-19 Vaccinations in Italy: Retrospective Infodemiological Analysis” (Preprint)
Authors: Shah Zubair
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS#35356.
Peer Review of “Google Trends as a Predictive Tool for COVID-19 Vaccinations in Italy: Retrospective Infodemiological Analysis” (Preprint)
Authors: Chang Angela
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS#35356.
Examining how ethics in relation to health technology is described in the research literature: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Steerling Emilie , Houston Rebecca , Gietzen Luke J , Ogilvie Sarah J , de Ruiter Hans , Nygren Jens M
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Given the increased use of technology in healthcare, both in extent and application, the importance of understanding the ethical implications of new health technologies increases. Profound insight into the possible ethical implications of new health technologies enhances research and development of such technologies and the likelihood of eventual successful implementation in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of how and if researchers focused on health technologies describing actual or possible ethical aspects of their research findings.

METHODS

An established framework for Scoping reviews was used to guide the methodology. Studies published in PubMed over the last ten years were included if studying or referring to ethics in relation to health technology as defined by established frameworks. In total, 14532 articles were screened, 692 were retained for full-text evaluation, and 227 were included for data extraction.

RESULTS

Just above 80% of the studies were conducted in North America and Europe; literature review studies were dominant. Most studies, 53%, had no direct reference to any of the four basic ethical principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. In those cases where studies referenced ethical theory, consequentialism dominated.

CONCLUSIONS

When research about technology and ethics is published, the predominant focus is on its intent rather than its actual effect on patients. This lack of insight is problematic considering the vast advancement of technology in which ethics cannot keep up with understanding and offer insights on addressing ethical issues. This finding has implications for practice, research, and education.

CLINICALTRIAL
On your marks, get set, fund! Rapid responses to the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors:   Technopolis | UK, Vingre Anete , Kolarz Peter , Bryan Billy
Published: April 2022

This paper presents findings from an analysis of seven multidisciplinary national research funders’ responses to COVID-19. We posit that while some parts of research and innovation funding responses to COVID-19 were ‘pandemic responses’ in the conventional biomedical sense, other parts were thematically far broader and are better termed ‘societal emergency’ funding. This type of funding activity was unprecedented for many funders. Yet, it may signal a new/additional mission for research funders, which may be required to tackle future societal emergencies, medical or otherwise. Urgency (i.e., the need to deploy funding quickly) is a key distinguishing theme in these funding activities. This paper explores the different techniques that funders used to substantially speed up their application and assessment processes to ensure research on COVID-19 could commence as quickly as possible. Funders used a range of approaches, both before application submission (call design, application lengths and formats) and after (review and decision-making processes). Our research highlights a series of trade-offs, at the heart of which are concerns around simultaneously ensuring the required speed as well as the quality of funding-decisions. We extract some recommendations for what a generic ‘societal emergency’ funding toolkit might include to optimally manage these tensions in case national research funders are called upon again to respond to future crises.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on R&D Funding Schemes in Germany - First Results of a Comparative Analysis of Empirical Data
Authors:   Kerlen Evaluation, Kerlen Christiane , Kind Sonja , Rodriguez Karoline , Wangler Leo , Zink Guido , Wessels Jan ,   iit – Institut für Innovation und Technik c/o VDI/VDE-IT
Published: April 2022

In 2020 and 2021, practically all areas of work and life were under the influence of the Corona pandemic. In the course of 2020, it was already apparent that the consequences of the Corona crisis would also have a considerable impact on grant recipients and their projects and thus on the implementation and goal achievement of the funding programmes, and that this would be reflected in the results of evaluations. From the perspective of an evaluation of innovation funding programmes, the Corona pandemic represents an external influencing factor that could negatively affect the intended impact of a funding programme with regard to the successful implementation of innovation projects and behavioural change of actors towards innovation orientation. This article provides initial answers to the questions of what effects the Corona pandemic has on innovation promotion, what adaptation strategies can be observed and how these can be provisionally evaluated. For this purpose, the authors of this paper draw on current, as yet unpublished data from evaluation surveys in 2020 and 2021.
Developing criteria of successful processes in co-creative research. A formative evaluation scheme for climate services
Authors:   Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS)/Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Schuck-Zöller Susanne , Bathiany Sebastian , Dressel Markus , El Zohbi Juliane , Keup-Thiel Elke , Rechid Diana , Mirko Suhari
Published: April 2022

Climate change and its socio-ecological impacts affect all sectors of society. To tackle the multiple risks of climate change the field of climate services evolved during the last decades. In this scientific field products to be applied in practice are developed in constant interaction between climate service providers and users. To judge the effectiveness of these co-creation endeavours, evaluation is crucial. At present, output and outcome assessments are conducted occasionally in this research field. However, the summative evaluation does not help to adjust the ongoing process of co-creation. Thus, our work focuses on the formative evaluation of co-creative development of science-based climate service products. As the first step, main characteristics of the product development process were identified empirically. Secondly, we determined the six sub- processes of climate service product development and related process steps. Thirdly, we selected the questions for the formative evaluation relevant to all the sub-processes and process-steps. Then, a literature review delivered the theoretical background for further work and revealed further quality aspects. These aspects from literature were brought together with our results from the empirical work. In the end, we created a new scheme of quality criteria and related assessment questions for the different sub-processes in climate services, based on both, empirical and theoretical work. As the authors take into account the process of co-production in a real-life case, the criteria and assessment questions proposed are operational and hands-on. The quality aspects refer to the five principles of applicability, theoretical and empirical foundation, professionalism, transparency of processes and the disclosure of preconditions. They are elaborated comprehensively in our study. The resulting formative evalu- ation scheme is novel in climate service science and practice and useful in improving the co-creation processes in climate services and beyond.
Multidimensionality through self-evaluation: From theory to practice in the Brazilian graduate system
Authors:   Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Brasil André
Published: April 2022

Nearly all science and technology research in Brazil is conducted within a national system of graduate education. Since the 1970s, a graduate program assessment has been an integral part of such a system, and it is currently held on a quadrennial basis. The evaluation model is dynamic, evolving from the experiences of evaluators, policymakers, and the scientific community during each four-year cycle. This study analyses policy initiatives from the 2017-2021 evolving effort, focusing on strategies and recommendations to implement multidimensionality and self-evaluation as integral components of Brazilian evaluation. The paper traces how the idea for a multidimensional assessment was introduced in the country and how U-Multirank, an international ranking of higher education institutions (HEI), has come to inspire an evaluation that is not institutional but of graduate programs instead. The study identified some benefits and limitations of the chosen inspiration and analysed how the Brazilian proposal aligned with the U-Multirank principles. Furthermore, the investigation shows there is little concrete difference from the proposed new model to the one Brazil has already in place. Finally, the last section of this study looks into the once pivotal idea to pursue a self-evaluation component, now relegated to a minor role in the model, but that could be raised to a position supporting the design of an actual multidimensional assessment model.
Co-Developing an impact model for evaluating the societal impact of participatory research approaches
Authors:   Ludwig Boltzmann Society, Open Innovation in Science Center, Wailzer Magdalena , Soyer Laura
Published: April 2022

In recent years, an increased focus on societal impact of research unfolding through productive interactions between stakeholders and participatory research processes has been seen. These complex interventions call for more flexible and participatory evaluation processes. This paper sets out to describe the co-creative development of an Impact Model and Reflection Instruments by different stakeholders that make desired and expected societal effects of participatory research visible, and enable a systematic evaluation of these expected changes. The aim of the Impact Model and the (modular) set of Impact Reflection Instruments is first and foremost to support researchers in the planning and evaluation of societal impacts of their participatory research approaches. In addition, we share the design of the co-development phase and reflections that serve as practical guidance for evaluators who aim to apply theory-based models in participatory settings in other contexts. Finally, the Impact Model and Reflection Instruments aim to enable increased comparability across research projects with participatory research approaches.
Los polímeros: una progresión y propuesta didáctica
Authors: Gallardo Felipe , Merino Cristian
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo muestra una propuesta de una secuencia de enseñanza aprendizaje sobre los polímeros, cuyo objetivo es promover habilidades científicas tales como: a) la formulación de hipótesis; b) diseño experimental, y; c) la elaboración de conclusiones, en estudiantes de primer año de educación superior. La propuesta se desarrolló desde una perspectiva de investigación basada en el diseño, su validación contempló un ciclo de elaboración-aplicación-reelaboración y se implementó en una muestra de 32 estudiantes. Para evaluar los desempeños se empleó un criterio de nivel de logro, el cual se complementó con diferentes extractos textuales provenientes de sus respuestas. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes presentan ciertos desempeños que se podrían vincular al desarrollo de habilidades científicas, mejorando su comprensión sobre los conceptos relacionados. Finalmente, a partir de la experiencia se sugiere la incorporación de aspectos de naturaleza de las ciencias para fomentar la comprensión sobre el desarrollo del conocimiento científico y los avances tecnológicos en el área.
Primer registro de albinismo en la guatusa (Dasyprocta punctata Gray, 1942) para Honduras
Authors: Elvir-Valle Fausto Antonio , Núñez-Figueroa Lidia Josefina , Díaz-Sánchez María Angelina
Published: April 2022

Resumen

La hipopigmentación o albinismo es el resultado de una condición genética recesiva que se caracteriza por la falta de pigmentación en el pelaje, piel e iris de los ojos. Aquí se documenta el primer registro de albinismo en agutí o guatusa (Dasyprocta punctata) en Honduras, el sitio del hallazgo es en el Ecoparque y Zoológico Joya Grande en el municipio de Santa Cruz de Yojoa en el departamento de Cortés.

Palabras clave: Albinismo, guatusa, pigmentación, Honduras.
Validation of Compaction of Bituminous Mix in Roller Compactor cum Rut Analyser (RCRA) For Performance Based Pavement Testing and Mix Design
Authors: S Manjunatha , Kumar Dr. B.V. Kiran
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Validation is one of the most important criteria in any research work. Any equipment needs to be validated with wellestablished and known methods. In this research work, an indigenously developed equipment called Roller Compactor cum Rut analyser (RCRA) is validated to ascertain that the required compaction is achieved. Keywords: Marshal Method, Bituminous mix, Roller Compactor cum Rut Analyser, Density
Windows Post Exploitation [MSF] Keylogger for Security
Authors: Bauri Mr. Chandra Kant , Indulkar Mr. Chetan , Jadhav, Mr. Shantanu , Khandagale Prof. Anjali S.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Keyloggers or keystroke loggers are software programs or hardware devices that track the activities (keys pressed) of a keyboard. Keyloggers are a form of spyware where users are unaware their actions are being tracked. Keyloggers can be used for a variety of purposes; hackers may use them to maliciously gain access to your private information, while employers might use them to monitor employee activities. Some keyloggers can also capture your screen at random intervals; these are known as screen recorders. Keylogger software typically stores your keystrokes in a small file, which is either accessed later or automatically emailed to the person monitoring your actions. You'll find the use of keyloggers in everything from Microsoft products to your own employer's computers and servers. In some cases, your spouse may have put a keylogger on your phone or laptop to confirm their suspicions of infidelity. Worse cases have shown criminals to implant legitimate websites, apps, and even USB drives with keylogger malware. Whether for malicious intent or legitimate uses, you should be aware of how keyloggers are affecting you. First, we'll further define keystroke logging before diving into how keyloggers work. Keywords: Keylogger, Reverse Shell, Post-Exploitation, Metasploit, Netcat, Intranet, privilege escalation.
ANALISIS MINAT SISWA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Andira Piska Ayu , Utami Andriani , Astriana Mirli , Walid Ahmad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the Student Interest Analysis of Student Learning Outcomes In Learning of Natural Sciences. The things that want to be discussed in this study are: How student interest in learning affects student learning outcomes in science subjects at SD Muhammadiyah Durian Sebatang, Kedurang District. So this study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Sampling research amounted to 27 respondents. The results of this study are student interest in learning has a positive effect on student learning outcomes and causes good learning outcomes, interest in learning in terms of all indicators that influence, student interest in learning is included in one of the internal factors also has a close relationship to student learning outcomes. With the percentage of students who are very interested there are 4 (14.81%) with high learning outcomes, 12 students (44.4%) with moderate learning outcomes, 8 students who are quite interested (29 ,63%) with moderate learning outcomes, 3 students who are less interested (11.11%) with low learning outcomes. High learning interest in students will lead to good learning outcomes, and good learning outcomes are caused by high student interest in learning.
TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH USING GOOGLE CLASSROOM AT SMK BUDISATRYA MEDAN DURING COVID-19
Authors: Marisa Vera , Ningsih Devi Widya
Published: April 2022

The use of technology in teaching and learning process is inevitable. The Covid-19 pandemic has insisted the teaching learning process conducted online. Google Classroom is one of online learning platform used by teachers and students in SMK Budisatrya Medan. This study is aimed at describing the teaching and learning English by using Google Classroom at SMK Budisatrya Medan during Covid-19 pandemic. This study belongs to descriptive study. The participants in this study are all English teachers and students of SMK Budisatrya Medan. The result shows that teaching and learning English by using Google Classroom gives advantages for both teachers and students. The advantages are the ease of access, easy to operate, flexible time of teaching and learning, and supporting various learning sources. However, the teaching and learning using Google Classroom cannot be done optimally because of the lack of facilities experienced by some students and unsupportive communication feature of the application.
Updating spatial data by the method of state topographic monitoring for implementing the Russian Federation state program “National Spatial Data System”: tasks and solutions
Authors: Brovko E.A. , Sofinov R.E.
Published: April 2022

The scientific, methodological and technological aspects proposed for updating spatial data – national information resources, based on the results of research in the field of arranging and maintaining state nationwide topographic monitoring, in the process of geodetic and cartographic work, including the collection, systematization, processing and use of various types of spatial data are considered. Terminological concepts and their definitions are formulated and offered for clarification and improvement during the discussion in the scientific community. An analysis of the current legal acts, regulatory and technical documents in the field of geodesy, cartography and real estate cadastre, as well as existing newly developed methods, technologies, techniques and algorithms in terms of technical regulating the processes of arranging and maintaining state topographic monitoring, taking into account its integration into the national spatial data system is made. Operational cartographic support updated in the process of state topographic monitoring with accurate, reliable and high-quality spatial data of socio-economic, environmental activities, defense and national security of the country is one of the priorities of the Russian Federation state program “National System of Spatial Data”. The authors propose the main directions of its implementation.
A obra portuguesa 'Uso errado da vida' de Paulo Rodrigues Ferreira: uma proposta de análise das personagens e seus temas como índices do contemporâneo
Authors: Araujo Wagner Santos
Published: April 2022

Os críticos literários contemporâneos têm desempenhado importante papel no processo de reconhecimento e valorização das obras portuguesas recém- -publicadas. Tais contribuições orientam e mobilizam reflexões acerca do processo narrativo literário contemporâneo, buscando promover a inserção dessas novíssimas obras, inclusive, no meio acadêmico. A partir de determinadas contribuições teóricas e conceituais acerca do termo contemporâneo e da análise das personagens inseridas na narrativa, o artigo visa apresentar alguns aspectos da obra Uso errado da vida, do escritor português Paulo Rodrigues Ferreira. Plena de representações e motivada por temas recorrentes no tempo presente, tais como traição, depressão, suicídio e a apatia da personagem em relação à vida, a referida narrativa merece a devida atenção.