bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trying to Control the Situation
Authors: Shoorab Nahid Jahani , Mirzakhani Kobra , Aradmehr Maryam , Irani Morvarid
Published: May 2024

Background:

Midwives are at the frontlines of the fight against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Working under these circumstances threatens their lives and that of their family members; midwives’ adjustment to work increases their efficiency in providing care services to pregnant mothers, but midwives’ coping process is ambiguous and complex. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the coping process of midwives with their professional roles following COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted using grounded theory during 2020 to 2021. For this purpose, 30 midwives were purposively and theoretically selected from two educational hospitals and health centers in Mashhad and Torbat Heydarieh cities, Iran. The data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method (2008) in MAXQDA software.

Results:

The main concern of the participants was “perception of the threats to their health” and the core category revealed from the data was “trying to control the situation.” Midwives coped with the COVID-19 pandemic in four steps, namely early initial confrontation, reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic, management of challenges, and reconstructing. Support from family and the health system and religious belief were the interventional conditions in this theory.

Conclusions:

Results of this study can be used to provide health managers with a better understanding of the conditions affecting the coping strategies of midwives with their professional roles during COVID-19. Therefore, this study provides the required data for developing an effective intervention to help nurse midwives to cope with this issue.
Internalized Stigma and its Association with Hope, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Treatment Adherence among Outpatients with Severe Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Hamidi Samira , Ebrahimi Hossein , Vahidi Maryam , Areshtanab Hossein Namdar
Published: May 2024

Background:

This study investigated the association between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and treatment adherence and explored the most influential and predictive factor of internalized stigma among patients with severe mental disorders.

Materials and Methods:

This correlational descriptive study was conducted on 257 outpatients diagnosed with severe mental illness according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria. The participants were seeking treatment at outpatient and affiliated clinics of Razi Hospital, Iran, from October 2018 to May 2019. We used a convenient sampling design. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Drug Attitude Inventory were used to gather data. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, coefficient logistic, and regression analyses) at a 0.05 significance level.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) score of internalized stigma was 1.57 (0.49), and 58% of the participants reported moderate to high internalized stigma. A negative significant relationship was found between internalized stigma and hope (r = −0.55, p < 0.05), self-esteem (r = −0.66, p < 0.05), and self-efficacy (r = −0.64, p < 0.05). Treatment adherence was not found to be significantly associated with the internalized stigma. In the final regression model, self-esteem and self-efficacy significantly predicted internalized stigma.

Conclusions:

Given the crucial role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in predicting internalized stigma, nurses should devote special attention to these factors and use strategies to improve individuals’ self-esteem and self-efficacy.
Relationship between False Positive Screening Results of Down Syndrome and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Honarjoo Maryam , Kohan Shahnaz , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Zarean Elahe , Sepahi Soheila , Safari Zeinab
Published: May 2024

Background:

Maternal serum sample screening in the first and second trimesters has been commonly used to identify women who are at risk of fetal trisomy 21. In addition, these serum markers are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between false positive screening results of Down syndrome and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Material and Methods:

This prospective, two-group, cohort study was conducted on 608 pregnant women who had undergone fetal contingent screening. They were selected through convenience sampling in the twentieth week of pregnancy and were followed up until delivery. The raw Odd Ratios (OR), Relative Risk (RR), and adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes were calculated in the false positive and true negative groups.

Results:

The adjusted OR of developing preeclampsia was 1.98 (95%CI: 1.14–3.42), and its RR was 2.13 (95%CI: 1.34–3.38) times higher in the false positive group. Moreover, the adjusted OR of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) was 2.80 (95%CI: 1.76–4.47), and its RR was 2.28 (95%CI: 1.54–3.36) times higher in the false positive group. The adjusted OR of Low Birth Weight (LBW) was 3.34 (95%CI: 1.97–5.64), and its RR was 2.65 (95%CI: 1.72–4.11) times higher in the false positive group. In addition, no significant difference was observed between false positive and true negative groups in terms of preterm birth.

Conclusions:

Women with a false positive fetal screening test result are more likely to suffer from preeclampsia, SGA, and LBW and require planned prenatal care.
Predictive Factors Contributing to Strain and Burden among Jordanian’s Caregivers in Chronic Disease
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Ahmad B. , Alnjadat Rafi , Khraisat Adam Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

Background:

It is well known that caregivers are at risk of suffering from diseases, including chronic ones, which might increase the burden of the healthcare worker.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan on 143 caregivers who were randomly selected to participate in self-administered Quality of Life in Life-Threatening Illness—Family Carer Version (QOLLTI-F) questionnaire. The variables were tested using simple linear regression analyses in the SPSS.

Results:

Male Jordanian caregivers who provide unpaid care, reported lower quality of life than their female counterparts (p = 0.028), (p = 0.077), respectively. A high statistically significant result was found between unshared and shared care (p = 0.009). Statistically significant results were determined between single caregivers compared with those who were married or divorced (p = 0.894 and p = 0.041, respectively).

Conclusions:

This study concludes that gender, care status, type of care, and marital status are direct predictors of quality of life among Jordanian caregivers.
The Effects of Cool Dialysate on Vital Signs, Adequacy and Complications during Hemodialysis
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Toulabi Tahereh , Sajadi Mahbobeh , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cooling the dialysate is an important factor that contributes to the hemodynamic stability in patients during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cool dialysate on vital signs, and the adequacy and common complications of hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods:

The present crossover, triple-blind, clinical trial was performed on 62 dialysis patients, who were selected through stratified block randomization. First, one group underwent hemodialysis using a cool dialysate (35°C), and the other received routine hemodialysis (36.5°C). Each patient received a total of eight hemodialysis sessions. Then, treatment methods were swapped, and each group received the other group's method. The patients' blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature were measured before dialysis, and in the first, second, third, and fourth hours of dialysis. The frequency of common complications of hemodialysis and dialysis efficacy were measured. The marginal model and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The participants' systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressures significantly increased with a decrease in temperature (p = 0.005). The patients' pulse rate (p = 0.143), adequacy of dialysis (p = 0.922), and common complications of hemodialysis did not significantly differ between the two temperatures (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Reducing dialysate temperature from 36.5 to 35°C led to hemodynamic stability; the blood pressure of the patients undergoing hemodialysis was more stable with the cool dialysate method and the number of drops in the blood pressure during the hemodialysis was reduced.
Investigating the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Body Image with Postpartum Depression in Women Referring to Health Centres in Iran
Authors: Bakhteh Azam , Salari Nader , Jaberghaderi Nasrin , Khosrorad Tahereh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Depression is the most important postpartum mental disorder that can lead to irreversible damage to family health if not addressed, including inability to provide maternal care, impaired mother–child relationship, impaired growth, and development of the child, to marital problems, and sometimes the risk of suicide and infant death. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and body image with postpartum depression.

Material and Method:

In this study, 150 pregnant women in the third trimester and 6 weeks postpartum completed the Short Form Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS-SF), Multidimensional Self-Body Relationships (MBSRQ), and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Inventory (EPDS). Depending on the type of study, descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative, frequency, and relative frequency variables. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of the distribution of scores in each questionnaire. Data were analyzed using parametric proportional statistical tests (paired t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression) at the level of significance less than 0.05.

Results:

Based on the findings, the relationship between self-compassion and postpartum depression was not significant. Self-kindness had a significant positive relationship, and self-judgement had a significant negative relationship with depression (p < 0.01). Body image had a significant predictive effect on postpartum depression (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Negative body image as a risk factor for postpartum depression should be considered by healthcare providers and used in the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.
DIR/Floor Time in Engaging Autism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Divya KY , Begum Farzana , John Sheeba Elizabeth , Francis Frincy
Published: May 2024

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, which affects various multiple areas of a child’s development. The objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and appraise the effect of floortime in engaging autism disorder among children.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline. The search terms used were DIR/floor time, ASD, floortime and autism, relationship therapy and autism, floortime, and ASDs. The studies, which described floortime in engaging children with ASD, full-text available in English, the sample had no comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and the articles published in English from 2010 to 2020 were included in the review. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review.

Results:

The results showed substantial progress in different levels of functioning of autistic children with floortime. Home-based floortime improved emotive functioning, communication, and daily living skills, the parent-child interactions were improved as expressed by mothers, and also certain demographic factors of the parents have significantly influenced the floortime outcome. There were no adverse events to children or parents during floortime.

Conclusions:

In general, we concluded that floortime is a cost-effective, completely child-led approach, which could be initiated as early as possible. If started early by healthcare professionals, it can be vital in improving social and emotional development among children.
The Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on Protection Motivation Theory on Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Self-Protection Regarding COVID-19. An Intervention Study
Authors: Elgzar Wafaa Taha , Sayed Samiha Hamdi , Hussien Naglaa Kamel , Allam Tahany Hassan
Published: May 2024

Background:

COVID-19 infection endangers pregnant women and newborns. Infection prevention measures are available and easy to apply, but the problem is the application continuity. Empowering pregnant women to increase their intention for self-protection is very important. This study explores the effect of educational intervention based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) on pregnant women’s knowledge and self-protection regarding COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized, controlled trial was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic at El Shatby Hospital, Alexandria governorate/Egypt, from November 2020 to May 2021. The study included a convenient sample of 163 pregnant women using the randomization block technique. A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection. For the intervention group, the PMT-based education included need assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Two months later, a reevaluation was done.

Results:

ANCOVA showed a significant improvement in the intervention group’s knowledge (F1 = 8.56, p < 0.001) when taking the pretest as a reference. The effect size shows that 25.8% of the intervention group’s knowledge improvement and 58.80% of the difference between the two groups were due to intervention. ANCOVA showed a significant improvement in the intervention group’s PMT constructs when taking the pretest or group as a reference (p <0.001). The effect size shows that 56.10% of the intervention group’s total PMT constructs improvement and 89.60% of the differences between the two groups were due to the intervention.

Conclusions:

PMT-based intervention is effective in improving pregnant women’s knowledge and self-protection intention regarding COVID-19. PMT is recommended to tailor educational intervention for pregnant women.
The Effects of Kinesio Tape on Low Back Pain and Disability in Pregnant Women
Authors: Aalishahi Tayebeh , Maryam-Lotfipur-Rafsanjani Seyede , Ghorashi Zohreh , Sayadi Ahmad Raza
Published: May 2024

Background:

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints during pregnancy, which could cause performance disability. Kinesio tape is a drug-free elastic therapeutic cotton tape used in treating musculoskeletal problems. This study aims to determine the effects of Kinesio tape on LBP and disability in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 80 pregnant women with LBP who were referred to the comprehensive health service centers were randomly assigned into the two groups of Kinesio tape and adhesive tape. Pain intensity was determined by the visual analog scale before and on the 1st, 2nd, 7th, and 14th day after the intervention and the disability by Roland-Morris disability questionnaire before and on the 7th and 14th day after the intervention. Data analysis was performed by, Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests.

Results:

The intensity of pain decreased in both groups compared to the pre-intervention period; Kinesio (χ2 = 48.94, df = 4, p < 0.001) control (χ2 = 22.94, df = 4, p < 0.001); however, the comparison results of pain intensity were not different in the two groups at different times (p ≥ 0.05). The effects of time was significant (Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F1,83= 10.63, p < 0.001), but the effects of time and group were not significant (F1,83= 0.31, p = 0.722) and indicated a decreasing trend of functional disability in two groups.

Conclusions:

The Kinesio tape reduced the disability caused by LBP during pregnancy and had a lasting effect after the tape was removed.
Resuscitation Team Members ‘Experiences of Teamwork
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Heydari Abbas , Reihani Hamidreza , Kareshki Hossein
Published: May 2024

Background:

Despite the obvious importance of teamwork in emergency care, the dimensions of teamwork in resuscitation remain a subject of debate among specialists and researchers. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of teamwork based on the experiences of members of the resuscitation team.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. By purposive sampling, participants were selected. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced emergency nurses and emergency medicine residents individually and analysed through deductive content analysis by using the Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) model. Interviews were encoded for analysis using MAXQDA software (version 2020).

Results:

Three main categories were identified around teamwork in resuscitation. These categories were as follows (1) leadership, (2) teamwork, and (3) essential prerequisites for resuscitation. The main leadership category consisted of three sub-categories of time management, resource allocation, and task management. From sub-categories, situation monitoring, communication, and mutual support, the main category of teamwork emerged. Also, the emerging category of essential prerequisites for regeneration included two generic categories: professional requirements and workplace requirements and the teamwork category included situation monitoring, communication, and mutual support.

Conclusions:

Based on the experiences of the resuscitation team members, leadership, teamwork, and essential prerequisites for resuscitation are the most important dimensions of teamwork in resuscitation. Recognizing the dimensions of teamwork in resuscitation is an initial step and then should be reflected in educational programs and future guidelines.
Psychometric Properties Evaluation of Persian Version of the Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire
Authors: Assarroudi Abdolghader , Zardosht Roghayeh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Students are a significant source of data for the evaluation of clinical instructors’ performance. This study was undertaken with the aim of adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Maastricht Clinical Teaching Questionnaire (MCTQ). The main objective of the researchers in this study was to evaluation the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Maastricht Clinical Training Questionnaire (P-MCTQ) in Iran, considering cultural and social differences.

Materials and Methods:

This methodological study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at four teaching hospitals affiliated with Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Qualitative and quantitative face and content validity, and construct validity methods were used for the validity evaluation. Stability and internal consistency methods were used, respectively, for the reliability evaluation of the questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) stage, 264 students studying in the fields of nursing, midwifery, anesthesiology, operating room, emergency medicine, and laboratory sciences completed the P-MCTQ.

Results:

The value of scale-content validity index (0.92) is indicative of the overall content validity of the questionnaire. EFA extracted a single-factor structure that could explain the overall variance of the clinical education structure at about 76.61%. The alfa and intraclass correlation values were equal to 0.98 and 0.82, respectively, indicating the excellent internal consistency and high overall stability of the questionnaire.

Conclusions:

The P-MCTQ is a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of the teaching performance of clinical instructors.
Exploring the Motivations of Pregnant Women to Seek Health Information
Authors: Javanmardi Marzieh , Noroozi Mahnaz , Mostafavi Firouzeh , Ashrafi-Rizi Hasan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Health information-seeking behavior is directed by various factors. Understanding the motivations of pregnant women to obtain health information can facilitate evidence-based policy-making to enhance their health literacy. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the motivations of pregnant women to seek health information.

Materials and Methods:

In this qualitative study with a content analysis approach, 39 participants, including pregnant women, midwives, and gynecologists in Isfahan city, Iran, were selected via purposive sampling with maximum variation strategy. Individual interviews, field notes, and daily notes were used to collect data, which was then analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Analysis of data resulted in one main category of “strive to protect the health of mother and fetus.” This main category consisted of four subcategories, including “increasing information related to maternal and fetal health,” “preventing recurring problems or causing complications in pregnancy,” “reducing worry about pregnancy problem,” and “receiving encouragement from the spouse, relatives, and healthcare providers.”

Conclusions:

According to the findings, pregnant women seek health information for a variety of reasons, including learning more about their own health and that of their fetus, preventing recurring problems or complications, alleviating concerns about pregnancy problems, and receiving encouragement from husbands, relatives, and healthcare providers. Thus, health professionals, midwives, and antenatal care providers should be aware of these issues and provide more evidence-based information to pregnant women at the time they require it.
Relationship between Health Literacy and Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance Regarding Cancer Warning Signs
Authors: Koohpayeh Seyedeh Atefeh , Estebsari Fatemeh , Lashani Fatemeh , Homayouni Abdollsamad , Nasiri Malihe
Published: May 2024

Background:

Health literacy (HL) is considered a cancer-preventive strategy. In addition, success in early diagnosis of cancer largely depends on individuals' knowledge, attitude, and performance regarding cancer warning signs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between HL and Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance (KAP) regarding cancer warning signs.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 280 adults who were referred to 3 health centers in Tehran, Iran, from January to March 2020. Data were collected using the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) and the researcher-made KAP regarding cancer warning signs questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression in an adjusted model in the statistical package for social sciences software.

Results:

Total HL score was positively and significantly correlated with knowledge (r = 0.35; p < 0.001), attitude (r = 0.17, p = 0.003), and performance (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, a significant and positive relationship was found between HL and knowledge (β = 0.48; t275= 4.45; p < 0.001), attitude (β =0.17; t265= 4.64; p < 0.001), and performance (β = 0.62; t265= 8.23; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

It seems that adults' KAP regarding cancer warning signs can be promoted by increasing their HL. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to individuals' HL at community health centers when designing and performing programs to improve their KAP regarding cancer warning signs.
Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Infection Control Standard Precautions in Prehospital Emergency Staff
Authors: Amini Roya , Mohamadkhani Mahnaz , Khodaveisi Masoud , Karami Manoochehr
Published: May 2024

Background:

Standard precautions are a basic strategy to prevent occupational exposure in prehospital emergency staff. The Health Belief Model (HBM)-based education can be used to promote and educate health behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HBM-based education on infection control standard precautions in prehospital emergency technicians.

Materials and Methods:

This clinical trial study was conducted on 84 prehospital emergency staff of Hamadan who were randomly assigned to two groups: Experimental (n: 42) and control (n: 42) using a cluster method. The data were collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire. Before education, the questionnaires were completed by both groups, and then three educational sessions were held for the experimental group within one month. Two months after the intervention, the two groups completed the questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software.

Results:

Before education, there was no significant difference in the mean scores on HBM constructs and performance between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results of the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) after educational intervention showed there was a significant difference in the mean scores of all constructs and performance between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

HBM-based educational intervention could affect the scores of the model's constructs and improve the use of standard precautions in emergency medical technicians. In-service training is recommended to be developed for the staff based on HBM.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification on Health-Related Quality of Life among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Abobakr Ibrahim Asmaa , Ghoneim Hanan M. , Elsaid Noha M Abu Bakr , Shalaby Nagat Salah
Published: May 2024

Background:

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder, which affects approximately one in every five women at the age of reproduction. The first line of PCOS management is recommended to be lifestyle modification. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among women with PCOS.

Materials and Methods:

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 124 women with PCOS recruited from the outpatient clinic at El-Takhassosy Obstetrics Hospital, Port-Said, Egypt, in 2021 and allocated to two groups; an educational group (n = 62) and a control group (n = 62). For data gathering, two tools were used; an interviewing questionnaire for assessing the demographic characteristics and a standardized HRQoL questionnaire. Healthy lifestyle modification educational sessions included nutritional guidelines for PCOS, physical exercise (walking for 30 min five times weekly), and instructions to relieve stress.

Results:

The mean (SD) of HRQoL score was 97.52 (8.75) in the educational group higher than the control group 87.32 (18.68) at 3 months postintervention and at 6 months postintervention; it reached 106.74 (11.53) in the educational group and 89.47 (22.14) in the control group. They were statistically significant after intervention (3 and 6 months) between studied groups (after 3 months was t86,563 = 3.891, p < 0.001 and after 6 months was t91,826.

Conclusions:

Women with PCOS should receive structured education about lifestyle modification next to treatment to ensure improvement, particularly in patient-centered care.
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 on Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Ghapanvari Fatemeh , Namdar Peyman , Moradi Mahnaz , Yekefallah Leili
Published: May 2024

Background:

As the 2019 coronavirus spreads rapidly around the world, it has caused widespread fear and anxiety in various populations. This study aimed to explore the psychological effects of COVID-19 on patients with this disease.

Materials and Methods:

A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of 11 patients with COVID-19 was recruited. Data were collected from the beginning of March to the beginning of June 2020 using semi-structured interviews and they were analyzed according to Van Manen's method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Initially, 315 codes were extracted. During data analysis and comparisons, the codes were reduced to 108. Ultimately, 10 categories, 38 subcategories, and 3 themes emerged. The theme of “behavioral responses” including 5 categories (Remorse, Fear and despair, Death anxiety, Growth, Support), “disease-caused helplessness” including two categories (Failure, Denial), and “decline of social networks” including three categories (Rejection, Stigma, Feeling guilty).

Conclusions:

After understanding the findings of this research, nurses working in the wards of patients with COVID-19 can better consider the importance of assessing and analyzing the psychological challenges and experiences of these patients during the course of illness and quarantine. Findings also enhance the identification and organization of training needs during such a pandemic and the design of nursing programs to meet them.
Designing a Supportive Program based on the Real Needs of Mothers with Children Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: pourghaznein Tayebe , Heydari Abbas , Manzari ZahraSadat , MousaviBazaz SeyedMojtaba
Published: May 2024

Background:

Mothers with children undergoing hemodialysis play the role of primary caregivers for their child and fully sacrifice themselves for care, leading to social isolation, suffering, stress, and negative effects on their health. Therefore, this study was conducted to design a supportive program based on the real needs of mothers with children undergoing hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods:

This qualitative study was conducted in the Hemodialysis Division of Doctor Sheikh Pediatric Hospital in Mashhad City, Iran, from September 2016 to February 2019. The research included phenomenological study, meta-synthesis of qualitative studies, focused group, and nominal group. Participants were selected based on purposive sampling. Eleven mothers with children undergoing hemodialysis and seven key people related to these mothers participated in the study. MaxQDA software was used to facilitate data management.

Results:

The six main areas including information needs, how to deal with the child, maintaining the mother's physical and functional health, maintaining family relationships, income earning and maintaining financial resources, and emotional-psychological support were extracted. Based on the needs of mothers, 28 support strategies were presented; then, 19 ideas were presented to screen the needs, and finally, the best idea was selected for each need.

Conclusions:

According to the findings of this study, mothers with children undergoing hemodialysis need support in various physical, psychosocial, informational, economic, and functional dimensions. The supportive program designed provides a systematic framework for screening the needs of these mothers and providing multifaceted support measures with the participation of a multidisciplinary care team.
Assessment Knowledge, Attitude, and Willingness to Care for Patients with HIV/AIDS among Midwifery Students of Selected Universities in Iran in 2020
Authors: Mokhtari Fatemeh , Kamranpour Bahareh , Shakiba Maryam , Akhavanamjadi Marjan , Goli Marjan , Pourmohsen Masoumeh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Stigmatization and discrimination by health workers, particularly midwives are obstacles to the achievement of universal access to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention, treatment, and care programs. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate midwifery students’ knowledge and attitude regarding Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and HIV, and their willingness to care for patients with AIDS and HIV before they enter the field of health and medical activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge and attitude in this regard, and willingness to care for patients with AIDS and HIV among midwifery students of selected universities in Iran in 2020.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 618 midwifery students in Iran in 2019–2020. Data were collected using a five-part questionnaire: a demographic characteristics form, an academic profile form, the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ), the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS), and the Jordan Standard Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods. p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 23.10 (5.63) years. The mean (SD) of knowledge, attitude, and willingness scores were 26.93 (6.64), 80.45 (9.27), and 29.55 (9.10), respectively. Single individuals had higher attitude scores.

Conclusions:

Iranian midwifery students had the desired level of knowledge, although the mean score was not much higher than the threshold. The level of the midwifery students’ attitude was appropriate and more than that, but none of them had a 100% positive attitude. They had a moderate or neutral willingness to provide services to and care for patients with AIDS.
Nursing Assessment of Vascular Complications after Cardiac Catheterization through the Distal Radial Artery
Authors: Khodabandehlooie Sara , Saleh Davood Kazemi , Hosseini Meimanat
Published: May 2024

Background:

Distal Radial Artery (DRA) is a new arterial access for coronary catheterization. Assessment of the vascular complications of this new procedure is important in the provision of nursing care to cardiac patients. The aim of this study was the nursing assessment of vascular complications of DRA in angiography and angioplasty.

Materials and Methods:

This qualitative longitudinal study was conducted on 315 consecutive patients who were candidates for coronary catheterization via DRA from 2017 to 2020 in three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Patients who had palpable DRA and were capable and willing to consent to inclusion in the study were evaluated. Moreover, patients whose DRA access failed, and those who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass graft were excluded from the study. Vascular complications were assessed on the day of the procedure and about 1 month later.

Results:

After the procedure, 29 cases of ecchymosis, 8 cases of hematoma, and 1 case of arteriovenous fistula in the DRA were observed. We did not observe any major vascular complications.

Conclusions:

Nursing assessment of the snuffbox area indicated that this approach is a safe and convenient technique for cardiac catheterization with few minor complications.
Gestational Diabetes Self-Care Behavior
Authors: Lamadah Sahar Mansour , Ibrahim Heba Abdel-Fatah , Elgzar Wafaa Taha , El-Sayed Hanan Abdelwahab , Sayed Samiha Hamdi , El-Houfey Amira
Published: May 2024

Background:

Gestational diabetes is a widespread pregnancy-related health problem. Its associated complications can be minimized by empowering women to enhance their self-care behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention using the Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on Gestational Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors (GD-SCB) among gestational diabetic woman.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed at the outpatient clinic, El-Shatby hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, on 180 gestational diabetic women (91 intervention and 89 control groups). Data were collected from April to November 2019 using an interviewing schedule involving sociodemographic characteristics and obstetrics/medical history, BASNEF model questionnaire, and gestational diabetes self-care behavior scale.

Results:

The findings revealed that an absence of statistically significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and obstetrics/medical history between the intervention and control groups. Two months post-intervention, all BASNEF model subcontracts and total GD-SCB showed significant improvement in the intervention than the control group; knowledge (F1 = 173.92, p < 0.001), personal beliefs (F1 = 286.54, p < 0.001), subjective norms (F1 = 248.82, p < 0.001), behavioral intention (F1 = 235.43, p < 0.001), enabling factors (F1 = 59.71, p < 0.001), and total GD-SCB (F1 = 775.10, p < 0.001). The effect size showed that 48.60% of the improvement within the intervention group total GD-SCB was due to the intervention.

Conclusions:

Empowerment through education using the BASNEF model for enhancing GD-SCB was effective and beneficial. Therefore, it can serve as a basic framework for constructing and executing educational programs in the field.
Blinding and Its Quality in Clinical Trials Conducted on Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Matourypour Pegah , Ghorbani Azam , Mahmoudi Mokhtar , Binaei Niloufar , Manesh Hadi Jafary , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Bagheri Imane
Published: May 2024

Background:

Blinding is one of the critical criteria of clinical trials that prevents probable bias. Judgment regarding results of an intervention significantly depends on the quality of such studies, one of which is blinding. This study aimed to investigate blinding and its quality in clinical trials in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review was conducted on the online databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect and ProQuest using keywords, MeSH terms and grey literature. Articles were screened by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were evaluated based on the checklists introduced by Cochrane database.

Results:

From 22519 articles obtained at the initial stage, 20 articles remained after screening for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fifteen articles had used single, five: double and none had used triple or quadruple blinding. Seventeen studies had described the details of blinding. Of the 15 single blind articles, the blinded subjects were patients in five, patients and research assistants in three, research assistants in five studies, and two had not given any details.

Conclusions:

The majority of researchers had used the single blind method, though using double, triple or quadruple blinding increases the trustworthiness of results and increases the quality of clinical trials. The details of blinding should be explained to other researchers and for a better understanding of the method if it is to be repeated. Thereafter, nurses can apply new interventions and earn their patients' trust and help those with breast cancer by relieving them of their disease symptoms and its treatment complications.
Comparing the Effect of Resilience Skills Training and Metacognitive Therapy on Job Stress in Nurses
Authors: Hasani Halimeh , Zarei Bahare , Danaei Zahra , Mahmoudirad Gholamhossein
Published: May 2024

Background:

Nursing is one of the stressful professions. The work-related stressful factors have affected the physical and mental health of nurses seriously. This study aimed to compare the effect of resilience skills training and metacognitive therapy on nurses' job stress.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental study was conducted on 54 nurses working in intensive care units and the emergency department of Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran, in 2018. Selected participants were allocated via permuted block randomization into three groups: resilience skills training, metacognitive therapy, and control (n = 18 for each group). Both resilience and metacognitive therapy programs were held in eight sessions of 45-mintraining classes twice a week. The control group received no intervention. The data were collected using a demographic characteristics form and the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and repeated measures ANOVA in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software.

Results:

Job stress significantly decreased in both resilience (F2,51= 123.5,p< 0.001) and metacognitive therapy (F2,51= 29.2,p= 0.002) groups over time. However, this decrease was not significantly different between the two groups (p> 0.05). Also, the control group's job stress mean score increased over time (F2,51= 9.35,p< 0.001).

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that both resilience skills training and metacognitive therapy can reduce the job stress of emergency and intensive care nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that both programs be taken into account by managers to reduce nurses' job stress.
The Effect of a Pre-Colonoscopy Education Program on Fear and Anxiety of Patients
Authors: Shahrbabaki Parvin Mangolian , Asadi Nadere Baniasadi , Dehesh Tania , Nouhi Esmat
Published: May 2024

Background:

Due to the increasing prevalence of intestinal diseases, colonoscopy is considered a safe and fast diagnostic and treatment method for these patients. According to studies, most patients waiting for a colonoscopy experience fear and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a pre-colonoscopy education program on the fear and anxiety of patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on patients undergoing colonoscopy in hospitals in southeast Iran. A total of 90 participants were selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to two groups control (n = 45) and intervention (n = 45). The patients in the intervention group received nursing interventions before colonoscopy, while the patients in the control group received only routine care. The data were collected using a researcher-made fear of colonoscopy scale, its Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.92), and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The data were analyzed with a Chi-square t-test and pair t-test.

Results:

The data showed that anxiety and fear of colonoscopy in the patients in the intervention group significantly decreased compared to the patients in the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Using non-pharmacological methods before colonoscopy can reduce the fear and anxiety in patients who are candidates for this procedure and similar invasive procedures. The intervention performed in this study can be used together with other methods to control patients' fear and anxiety. Especially for nurses, It is recommended to do pre-colonoscopy education programs for these clients.
Dr. Sohel Khan’s prechopper and prechopping technique
Authors: Khan Sohel I M
Published: May 2024

The quest of every dedicated phaco surgeon is to develop skills to emulsify all forms of hard nuclei efficiently with minimal damage to the endothelium and reducing the risk of wound burn. Obtaining a pristine cornea the very next day in a hard cataract is a dream far from reality. Prechop means nuclear division without the use of phaco energy. In this article, we describe a prechopping technique using a new sickle-shaped (saber tooth curvature and tip) novel prechopper that has a slender, sleek, and elegant design well suited for nuclear disassembly. The novel prechopper has proved to be a wonder device for hard, soft, white, posterior polar, and exfoliation cataracts. All maneuvers of prechop are performed in the bag away from the endothelium to be easily emulsified, subsequently making phacoemulsification easier, faster, and safer.
Comparative morphology and microscopy of eight commercially traded spice fruits of Apiaceae
Authors: Devika Venkatasubbaiah , Prasanna Kumar Chattenahalli Narasimharaju , Kannan Ramamirthum
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Herbs and fruits of Apiaceae are used in various traditional medicinal systems for treating various aiilments. They also play an important role in Ayurvedic preparations as active ingredients. Most of these fruits are grown as commercial crops and used as spices. With a high demand for these fruits, there are instances of adulteration and admixture of one to another because of their similarity in appearance. The practice of adulteration may cause variations in the quality of traditional or industrial herbal preparations. Hence, this study focused on differentiating eight closely related and commercially traded Apiaceae fruits through macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.

METHODS:

Authentic samples of eight commercially traded species were collected from commercial suppliers or taxonomically identified plants. The fruits were tested for macroscopic structures, such as length, size, and microscopic structures, through anatomy, vittae isolation, and sclereids characterization and documenting their similarities and differences.

RESULTS:

The variations with respect to the vittae lengths and number; and sclereids patterns were identified among the eight studies fruits of Apiaceae, and a dichotomous key is derived based on macroscopy and microscopy for their precise identification.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study described organoleptic, macroscopic and microscopic characters, especially considering the vittae and sclereids characters of eight commercially traded spice fruits of the family Apiaceae and differentiated them through a dichotomous key which is helpful for their easy and precise identification.
Antianxiety effect of cardamom oil against sleep deprivation-induced anxiety in mice
Authors: Bala Ruby , Parle Milind , Yadav Monu , Lamba Deepak
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sleep is the restorative mechanism involved in the maintenance of physiological and psychological balance. Anxiety is recognized as a typical outcome of sleep deprivation (SLD) that interferes with the normal daily life of the person. The present study was designed to assess the antianxiety effects of cardamom oil in mice subjected to sleep deprivation (SLD)-induced anxiety and to explore possible underlying mechanisms for this activity.

METHODS:

Cardamom oil (140, 280, and 560 µL/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and midazolam (8 mg/kg i.p.) were administered daily to different groups of mice for 15 consecutive days to sleep-deprived mice. anxiety-like behavior was induced by 48 h of SLD, and the antianxiety activity was evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, light–dark, hole board, and marble-burying models.

RESULTS:

Cardamom oil significantly diminished the SLD-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice as indicated by increased time spent in open arms (EPM), average time spent in lit box (light–dark model), number of head dips (hole board) and decreased number of marbles buried (marble-burying model) as compared to SLD animals. In biochemical studies, chronic administration of cardamom oil significantly increased γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), serotonin (5-HT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase levels, while decreasing lipid peroxidation.

CONCLUSION:

Both behavioral and biochemical results revealed the protective effect of cardamom oil against SLD-induced anxiety. The underlying mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GABAergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission, as well as the antioxidant properties of cardamom oil.