bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delivering Enhanced Milieu Teaching to Toddlers With Down Syndrome via Hybrid Telepractice: A Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: Quinn Emily D. , Kurin Kim , Cook Alexandria R. , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This pilot study investigated delivering enhanced milieu teaching tailored for children with Down Syndrome (EMT-DS) through hybrid telepractice.

Method:

In this multiple-baseline design across behaviors study, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) taught EMT-DS to three caregivers and their children with DS (22–40 months) using a hybrid service delivery model. Sessions were conducted in person and via telepractice.

The SLP taught caregivers EMT-DS, emphasizing the use of (a) four target EMT strategies: matched turns, expansions, time delays, and milieu teaching episodes; (b) augmentative and alternative communication (AAC; manual signs, speech-generating device); and (c) aided AAC modeling. The SLP provided caregiver instruction following the teach–model–coach–review approach. Caregiver outcomes were the accuracy (primary) and frequency (secondary) of EMT strategy use. Child outcomes were exploratory and included the rate of symbolic communication acts, weighted number of communication acts, and number of different words (NDW).

Results:

There was a functional relation between the intervention and the accuracy and frequency of EMT strategy use for all three caregivers. All caregivers showed an increase in the accuracy for all four target strategies. Caregivers also increased the frequency of the three EMT strategies: expansions, time delays, and milieu teaching episodes. There were no changes in the frequency of matched turns. Caregiver use of EMT strategies maintained for 6 weeks post-intervention. After caregivers learned EMT strategies, gradual increases in the rate of symbolic communication acts and NDW occurred for all three children.

Conclusion:

Results demonstrate the preliminary efficacy of using a hybrid service delivery model to teach caregivers EMT-DS.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27115252
Micro- and Macrostructural Language Features in Vertebrobasilar or Carotid System Stroke Without Diagnosis of Aphasia
Authors: Canlı Burçak , Savaş Merve , Beğen Senanur Kahraman
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the macro- and microstructural features of language in patients with ischemic stroke without aphasia.

Method:

Participants were grouped according to arterial system damage and given the Aphasia Language Assessment Test (ADD) to detect aphasia. A narrative sample was obtained and analyzed for macrostructural and microstructural features of the language. The study sample consisted of 31 participants with ischemic stroke (15 vertebrobasilar system [VBS] involvement and 16 carotid system [CS] involvement) and 31 healthy participants, totaling 62 individuals.

Results:

The healthy control group scored higher than the stroke group on the microstructural feature type–token ratio and mean length of utterance in the narrative analysis and on the auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, grammar, speech act, and writing subtests in ADD. Effort behavior, errors, edits, repetitions, and pauses among microstructural features and uncertainty, filler expression, and anomia among macrostructural features were significantly higher in the vertebrobasilar and CS groups than in the healthy control group. The total ADD score and speech fluency and reading subtest scores were significantly higher in individuals with VBS damage than in individuals with CS lesions (
p
< .05).

Conclusions:

Language components may be impaired differently in patients with carotid and vertebrobasilar lesions. Speech and language disorders in individuals who have experienced cerebrovascular accidents should be evaluated in the subacute and chronic phases, and the therapeutic needs of patients with ischemic stroke should be determined, regardless of the presence of a clinical aphasia diagnosis.
ISAC‐oriented access point placement in cell‐free mMIMO systems
Authors: Liu Shengheng , Gao Songtao , Hong Yuxin , Yu Yiming , Mao Zihuan , Huang Yongming
Published: October 2024

In mobile communication networks for integrated sensing and communication, site planning of access points fundamentally determines both communication quality and sensing performance. This paper aims to tackle the AP placement problem under the setting of cell‐free massive multiple‐input multiple‐output, which represents a promising direction for network architecture evolution. Seeking a balance between the sum‐throughput of communication and the Cramér–Rao lower bound of target sensing, the access points are first pre‐placed by solving a convex optimization and further adjusted with optimal angular geometry. The final step involves employing nearest neighbour projection to refine access point positions in the cell‐free massive multiple‐input multiple‐output system, ensuring alignment with integrated sensing and communication requirements. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 90% of the optimal communication sum‐rate and 95% of the optimal target localization accuracy.
Investigating high altitude platform stations communication in Tanzania under heavy rain conditions
Authors: Abdalla Abdi T. , Nchimbi Hilary , Iddi Hashim , Nuha Hilal
Published: October 2024

High altitude platform station (HAPS) is one of the promising solutions to many of the developing and less developed countries. To a great extent, HAPS is relatively cost‐effective and can be easily moved on demand while observing the required quality of service. For tropical countries, rain attenuation is the main factor that affects HAPS performance. This study investigated HAPS performance in Tanzania under heavy rain conditions. Rain rate, rain attenuation, and carrier‐to‐noise ratio were used to quantify the system's performance. In this study, the rain rate exceeds by 0.01% of an average, was obtained using the Chebil model. Based on Tanzania Meteorological Agency data, the registered a high amount of rainfall for the five selected regions: Dar es Salaam, Kagera, Tanga, Unguja, and Pemba. By using ITU‐R model, rain attenuation for the downlink was predicted, assuming horizontal polarisation, for 31.0–31.3 GHz. Finally, the HAPS link budget was analysed with a platform altitude of 22 km at frequency of 31.0–31.3 GHz for different elevation angles. Results showed that the performance of the system was promising in the given rainfall scenarios.
The structure of massive star-forming galaxies from JWST and ALMA: Dusty, high-redshift disc galaxies
Authors: Gillman Steven , Smail Ian , Gullberg Bitten , Swinbank A. M. , Vijayan Aswin P. , Lee Minju , Brammer Gabe , Dudzevičiūtė Ugnė , Greve Thomas R. , Almaini Omar , Brinch Malte , Chapman Scott C. , Chen Chian-Chou , Ikarashi Soh , Matsuda Yuichi , Wang Wei-Hao , Walter Fabian , van der Werf Paul P.
Published: October 2024

We present an analysis of the JWST NIRCam and MIRI morphological and structural properties of 80 massive (log10(M*[M⊙]) = 11.2 ± 0.1) dusty star-forming galaxies at z = 2.7−0.7+1.2, identified as sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) by ALMA, which have been observed as part of the JWST PRIMER project. To compare the structure of these massive, active galaxies to more typical, less actively star-forming galaxies, we defined two comparison samples. The first of 850 field galaxies matched in specific star formation rate and redshift and the second of 80 field galaxies matched in stellar mass. From the visual classification of the SMGs, we have identified 20 ± 5% as candidate late-stage major mergers, a further 40 ± 10% as potential minor mergers, and 40 ± 10% that have comparatively undisturbed disc-like morphologies, with no obvious massive neighbours on ≲20–30 kpc (projected) scales. These rates are comparable to those for the field samples and indicate that the majority of the sub-millimetre-detected galaxies are not late-stage major mergers, but have interaction rates similar to the general field population at z ∼ 2–3. Through a multi-wavelength morphological analysis, using parametric and non-parametric techniques, we establish that SMGs have comparable near-infrared, mass-normalised sizes to the less active population,
R50F444W = 2.7 ± 0.2 kpc versus
RF444W50

= 3.1 ± 0.1 kpc, but exhibit lower Sérsic indices, consistent with bulge-less discs: nF444W = 1.1 ± 0.1, compared to nF444W = 1.9 ± 0.1 for the less active field galaxies and nF444W = 2.8 ± 0.2 for the most massive field galaxies. The SMGs exhibit greater single-Sérsic fit residuals and their morphologies are more structured at 2 μm relative to 4 μm when compared to the field galaxies. This appears to be caused by significant structured dust content in the SMGs and we find evidence for dust reddening as the origin of the morphological differences by identifying a strong correlation between the F200W−F444W pixel colour and the 870 μm surface brightness using high-resolution ALMA observations. We conclude that SMGs and both massive and less massive star-forming galaxies at the same epochs share a common disc-like structure, but the weaker bulge components (and potentially lower black hole masses) of the SMGs result in their gas discs being less stable. Consequently, the combination of high gas masses and instabilities triggered either secularly or by minor external perturbations results in higher levels of activity (and dust content) in SMGs compared to typical star-forming galaxies.
Radio–FIR correlation: A probe into cosmic ray propagation in the nearby galaxy IC 342
Authors: Nasirzadeh M. R. , Tabatabaei F. S. , Beck R. , Heesen V. , Howaida P. , Reina-Campos M. , Paladino R. , Dettmar R. -J. , Chyży K. T.
Published: October 2024

Resolved studies of the correlation between the radio and far-infrared (FIR) emission from galaxies at different frequencies can unveil the interplay between star formation and the relativistic interstellar medium (ISM). Thanks to the LOFAR LoTSS observations combined with VLA, Herschel, and WISE data, we study the role of cosmic rays and magnetic fields in the radio–FIR correlation on scales of ≳200 pc in the nearby galaxy IC 342. The thermal emission traced by the 22 μm emission, constitutes about 6%, 13%, and 30% of the observed radio emission at 0.14, 1.4, and 4.8 GHz, respectively, in star-forming regions and less in other parts. The nonthermal spectral index becomes flatter at frequencies lower than 1.4 GHz (αn = −0.51 ± 0.09, Sν ∝ ναn) than between 1.4 and 4.8 GHz (αn = −1.06 ± 0.19) on average, and this flattening occurs not only in star-forming regions but also in the diffuse ISM. The radio–FIR correlation holds at all radio frequencies; however, it is tighter at higher radio frequencies. A multi-scale analysis shows that this correlation cannot be maintained on small scales due to diffusion of cosmic ray electrons (CREs). The correlation breaks at a larger scale (≃320 pc) at 0.14 GHz than at 1.4 GHz (≃200 pc), indicating that the CREs traced at lower frequencies have diffused a longer path in the ISM. We find that the energy index of CREs becomes flatter in star-forming regions, in agreement with previous studies. Cooling of CREs due to the magnetic field is evident globally only after compensating for the effect of star formation activity that both accelerates CREs and amplifies magnetic fields. Compared with other nearby galaxies, we show that the smallest scale of the radio–FIR correlation is proportional to the propagation length of the CREs on which the ordered magnetic field has an important effect.
Drifts of the substellar points of the TRAPPIST-1 planets
Authors: Revol Alexandre , Bolmont Émeline , Sastre Mariana , Tobie Gabriel , Libert Anne-Sophie , Kervazo Mathilde , Blanco-Cuaresma Sergi
Published: October 2024

Accurate modeling of tidal interactions is crucial for interpreting recent JWST observations of the thermal emissions of TRAPPIST-1 b and c and for characterizing the surface conditions and potential habitability of the other planets in the system. Indeed, the rotation state of the planets, driven by tidal forces, significantly influences the heat redistribution regime. Due to their proximity to their host star and the estimated age of the system, the TRAPPIST-1 planets are commonly assumed to be in a synchronization state. In this work, we present the recent implementation of the co-planar tidal torque and forces equations within the formalism of Kaula in the N-body code Posidonius. This enables us to explore the hypothesis of synchronization using a tidal model well suited to rocky planets. We studied the rotational state of each planet by taking into account their multi-layer internal structure computed with the code Burnman. Our simulations show that the TRAPPIST-1 planets are not perfectly synchronized but oscillate around the synchronization state. Planet-planet interactions lead to strong variations on the mean motion and tides fail to keep the spin synchronized with respect to the mean motion. As a result, the substellar point of each planet experiences short oscillations and long-timescale drifts that lead the planets to achieve a synodic day with periods varying from 55 years to 290 years depending on the planet.
Spectral and timing properties of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17498−2921 during its 2023 outburst
Authors: Illiano G. , Papitto A. , Marino A. , Strohmayer T. E. , Sanna A. , Di Salvo T. , La Placa R. , Ambrosino F. , Miraval Zanon A. , Coti Zelati F. , Ballocco C. , Malacaria C. , Ghedina A. , Cecconi M. , Gonzales M. , Leone F.
Published: October 2024

We present a comprehensive study of the spectral properties of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17498−2921 during its 2023 outburst. Similar to other accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars, the broadband spectral emission observed quasi-simultaneously by NICER and NuSTAR is well described by an absorbed Comptonized emission with an electron temperature of ∼17 keV plus a disk reflection component. The broadening of the disk reflection spectral features, such as a prominent iron emission line at 6.4–6.7 keV, is consistent with the relativistic motion of matter in a disk truncated at ∼21 Rg from the source, near the Keplerian corotation radius. From the high-cadence monitoring data obtained with NICER, we observed that the evolution of the photon index and the temperature of seed photons tracks variations in the X-ray flux. This is particularly evident close to a sudden ∼–0.25 cycle jump in the pulse phase, which occurs immediately following an X-ray flux flare and a drop in the pulse amplitude below the 3σ detection threshold. We also report on the non-detection of optical pulsations with TNG/SiFAP2 from the highly absorbed optical counterpart.
Coordinate regulation mechanism of primary recrystallization texture and microstructure of grain-oriented silicon steel
Authors: Lifeng Fan , Tiannan Zhu , Jun Gao , Lijun Xiao , Erbin Yue , Hongbin Li , Liansheng Chen
Published: October 2024

Texture control, which is affected by composition, hot rolling, cold rolling, and annealing, is the core element to improve the magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel and is one of the key scientific problems in developing electrical steel technology. The research and control of first factors have been very mature, and the integrated regulation of upstream and downstream processes has become a breakthrough point for improving texture. For the common grain-oriented silicon steel based on the “two-stage cold rolling method”, primary recrystallization is the stage achievement of smelting, hot rolling, first cold rolling, and decarburization annealing. The grain size and texture characteristics of the primary recrystallization are the only standards to measure the pre-process technology and is the pointer of whether the secondary recrystallization can occur in the subsequent process or not, which are extremely important to improve the magnetic properties. This paper studied the hot rolling, the first cold rolling and decarburization annealing of grain-oriented silicon steel by using XRD, EBSD technologies. The results showed that the hot rolled plate is not as thinner as better, only the optimum ratio of the thickness of hot rolled plate and the first cold reduction rate can obtain optimal primary recrystallization. The minimum iron loss value and maximum magnetic induction intensity are obtained under the primary cold rolling reduction rate controlled at 77.27%, the average grain size of the primary recrystallization is 14 µm, the iron loss P1.7/50 is reduced to 1.02 W/Kg, and the magnetic induction intensity B8 can reach 1.910 T.
An investigation on surface integrity and microstructure behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel machined by die sinking EDM
Authors: Sivakumar Jayakumar , Lakshmipathy Jayakumar , Uthirapathi Elaiyarasan
Published: October 2024

Machining of AISI 304 enables the customization of parts to meet specific mechanical and aesthetic requirements, ensuring optimal performance and durability in various applications. In this study, electrical discharge machining (EDM) is introduced to machine AISI 304 stainless steel. To accomplish the desired machining characteristics (MRR, SR), different EDM factors are chosen, such as discharge current, pulse on time, and pulse off time. The experiment is planned using central composite design in response surface methodology (RSM). The impact of EDM variables on metal removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) is examined through surface plot. Regression coefficient values for MRR and SR are 92.37% and 83.28%, respectively, indicating an empirical relation between the factors and responses. The lack of fit values for MRR and SR were 3.87 and 1.49, respectively, which were lower than the average values. Thus, the developed model was sufficient. It was observed that MRR and SR increases with increase in all parameters, but decreases at higher range of parameters. As current and pulse on time increase, the ionization temperature generated in the machining zone which removed more quantity of materials from the workpiece. Due to ionization temperature, more craters and voids formed which made surface irregular and hard, resulted increased SR. At lower level of discharge current and pulse on time, insufficient spark intensity is developed which made cracks and globules on the surface. The estimated error of actual and expected values for MRR and SR are 7.07% and 5.12% respectively. The desirability of optimization was calculated to be 0.9710, indicating that parameters are within acceptable conditions.
An integrated simulation-data envelopment analysis approach for impact of line-seru conversion
Authors: Torkul Orhan , Selvi İhsan Hakan , Şişci Merve , Öge Mecit
Published: October 2024

This study aims to design an innovative method to evaluate the effects of line-seru conversion in terms of various environmental and economic performance criteria. For this purpose, an integrated approach using simulation and data envelopment analysis (DEA) assisted with various performance criteria is proposed for the first time. The simulation studies involve diverse scenarios for the production of a circuit breaker on assembly lines balanced with RPW and COMSOAL heuristic algorithms, and seru production systems. The simulation results indicate a significant increase in labour effectiveness and station/yatai utilization ratios, complete removal of WIP inventories, which led to a growth in productivity up to 43.29%. The number of workers, carbon-dioxide emission, required workspace, training costs of workers and equipment cost data were incorporated in the results to evaluate the applicability and relative efficiency of the developed scenarios by use of the CCR and BCC models of DEA. The calculated scale efficiency shows that the scenarios for assembly lines balanced with COMSOAL and the seru-based scenarios were both fully effective. The seru production system scenario with 6 yatais was the most effective scenario due to reduced task times after conversion. Also, line-seru conversion proved to be advantageous despite the high training costs.
Comparison between four different suture configurations for rotator cuff repair: a biomechanical animal study
Authors: Haroun Yahia , Sobhy Mohamed H. , Khater Hany A. , Khater Ahmad H.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The arthroscopic repair of a massive rotator cuff tear could be surgically challenging. There is a continuous argument regarding the best surgical technique and suture configuration used to treat massive rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro strength of the new double Mason-Allen suture and compare it to the commonly used other suture configurations. Methods: Twenty-five fresh sheep shoulders were randomly divided into five equal groups. Each group had their infraspinatus tendons cut and repaired with one of five suture configurations (simple, horizontal mattress, Mason-Allen, modified Mason-Allen, and double Mason-Allen) using Arthrex® 1.3 mm suture tape. The specimens were fixed to the test apparatus through their scapulae and hung with the repair tape to Sartorius® precision balance with sequential load increments till failure. The load to failure was measured for each of the five suture configurations. Results: Study data found the double Mason-Allen configuration to have the highest mean load to failure 423.30 ± 23.05 (Newtons), followed by modified Mason-Allen, Mason-Allen, horizontal mattress, and simple suture respectively. Conclusion: The double Mason-Allen repair configuration has the highest load to failure compared to the other known suture configuration to repair rotator cuff tears.
Vegane Milchersatzprodukte für PKU-Patient:innen
Authors: Borkens Yannick
Published: October 2024

Die Phenylketonurie ist eine erblich bedingte, relevante
Stoffwechseleinschränkung. PKU-Patient:innen sind nicht in der Lage, die
Aminosäure Phenylalanin abzubauen. Dies macht eine besondere Diät nötig, da die
Betroffenen so weit wie möglich auf die Aminosäure verzichten sollten. Reich an
Phenylalanin sind zum Beispiel Milchprodukte. Somit kommen diese für
PKU-Patient:innen nicht mehr in Frage. Vegane Ersatzprodukte erfreuen sich immer
größere Beliebtheit. Der Konsum dieser Produkte (zum Beispiel Sojadrinks,
Haferdrinks oder Mandeldrinks) ist mittlerweile komplett unabhängig von einer
allgemeinen veganen Ernährung. Auch Menschen, die sich nicht vegan ernähren,
greifen auf diese Produkte zurück. Daraus resultierend stellt sich die Frage,
inwieweit sich diese Produkte auch für PKU-Patient:innen eignen. Allerdings
zeigt sich bei genauerer Betrachtung der Literatur, dass es hier noch einen
Mangel an Forschung gibt. Aufgrund der Beliebtheit dieser Ersatzprodukte sollte
hier allerdings bald mehr passieren. Um Patient:innen sicher und gezielt zu
beraten, ist Wissen hier auch für praktizierende Mediziner:innen von wichtiger
Bedeutung.
Reisemedizinische Risiken durch den Straßenverkehr in Afrika
Authors: Pollach Gregor , Namboya Felix , Chikumbanje Stella , Luiz Thomas , Masumbuko Claude Kasereka , Furaha Nzanzu Blaise Pascal
Published: October 2024

Entgegen den üblichen Verhältnissen im europäischen Straßenverkehr bewegen sich Touristen und „Expats“ in vielen Regionen Afrikas mit Minibussen, Motorrädern oder auf offenen Ladeflächen fort. Afrikanische Länder liegen jedoch in der Spitzengruppe jeder Verkehrsunfallstatistik – bei gleichzeitig mangelnden Rettungssystemen und Intensivstationen. Zur Erfassung der „real life situation“ einer zu wenig diskutierten Gefahr in den Tropen führten wir an der Kamuzu University erstmalig in Malawi eine Pilotstudie zur Verkehrssicherheit durch. Bei 7290 Fahrzeugen wurden 2073 potenziell personenbefördernde Minibusse, Motorräder und Fahrzeuge mit offenen Ladeflächen identifiziert, welche näher untersucht wurden. Minibusse etwa fuhren zu 51,7 % mit mangelhaften Reifen und nachts zu 35,9 % mit schweren Mängeln an der Lichtanlage. 2,8 % aller offenen Ladeflächen waren mit völlig ungesicherten Personen besetzt. Motorradfahrer trugen nur in den seltensten Fällen irgendeine Art von Schutzkleidung. Nur 37,5 % der Fahrer trugen Helme – die Beifahrer zu 1,2 %. Unsere Daten zeigen das hohe Risikopotenzial des Straßenverkehrs in der Studienregion auf und führten zu Folgerungen, die für die reisemedizinische Beratung von Relevanz sind.
Kinder zu Hause behandeln – Home Treatment
Authors: Schulz Kristina
Published: October 2024

Wenn Patient*innen im häuslichen Umfeld versorgt werden, bezeichnet man das als Home Treatment. Die Uniklinik Leipzig bietet diese Behandlungsform für Kinder an – mit Ergotherapeut*innen als Teil des Teams. Kristina Schulz gibt einen Einblick in ihre Arbeit.
Der Therapie eine Richtung geben – Bezugsrahmen in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Kaldewei Nicole
Published: October 2024

In der Ergotherapie bedienen wir uns des Wissens aus verschiedenen Bezugswissenschaften, zum Beispiel aus der Medizin oder der Psychologie. Bringen wir diese Inhalte mit spezifisch ergotherapeutischem Wissen zusammen, bewegen wir uns in Bezugsrahmen. Der Artikel zeigt, warum es so wichtig ist, sich bewusst zu sein, in welchem Bezugsrahmen man sich befindet, und wie sich dies auf die Therapie auswirken kann.
Mehrwert von Advanced Practice Dietitians im interprofessionellen
klinischen Behandlungsteam: eine Schweizer Perspektive
Authors: Lehmann Undine , Flückiger Larissa , Studerus Diana , Rieckh Isabelle Fabienne , Chatelan Angeline
Published: October 2024

Erweiterte Rollen in nicht-ärztlichen Gesundheitsberufen, sogenannte Advanced
Practice Rollen, werden als eine Antwort auf die vielfältigen Herausforderungen
des Gesundheitssystems angesehen. Fachpersonen in Advanced Practice Rollen
können Aufgaben übernehmen, die über ihren klassischen Verantwortungs- und
Kompetenzbereich hinaus gehen, oftmals z. B. Patientenfälle mit komplexer
Behandlungs- oder Versorgungssituation. Sie können dadurch die
Versorgungsqualität verbessern, Behandlungsfehler reduzieren, die Ärzteschaft
entlasten und die Patientenzufriedenheit und Lebensqualität erhöhen. Unter
anderem seit der Einführung von Masterstudiengängen in Ernährung und Diätetik in
der Schweiz entstehen auch im Bereich der Ernährungsberatung/-therapie verstärkt
erweiterte Rollen, sogenannte Advanced Practice Dietitian (APD) Rollen. An zwei
Praxisbeispielen werden APD Rollen im stationären und ambulanten Setting
beschrieben und der Mehrwert für das interprofessionelle Behandlungsteam
dargelegt. Weitere Anstrengungen und eine systematische Evaluation sind nötig,
um neue APD Rollen zu etablieren und damit das volle Potential für das
Gesundheitssystem auszuschöpfen.
Nutzungsverhalten des 9-Euro-Tickets von ambulanten psychiatrischen
PatientInnen – Impuls für Aktivierung und soziale Kontakte?
Authors: Mielau Juliane , Saeger Constantin , Burger Martha , Kroehn-Liedtke Franziska , Schreiter Stefanie , Gutwinski Stefan
Published: October 2024

Die Studie untersucht das Nutzungsverhalten des „9-Euro-Tickets“ im Jahr 2022 bei
ambulanten PatientInnen der Psychiatrischen Universitätsklinik der Charité im
St. Hedwig Krankenhaus. Anhand einer Stichprobe von 103 PatientInnen wurde
mittels Fragebögen, die in einem 3-monatigen Zeitraum von den TeilnehmerInnen
ausgefüllt wurden, eine Nutzungsquote des 9-Euro-Tickets von 89,3% ermittelt.
37,9% (n=39) der Teilnehmenden gaben an, sich durch das 9-Euro-Ticket motiviert
gefühlt zu haben, unbekannte Orte aufzusuchen. Bei 34,9% (n=36) der Befragten
zeigte sich durch den Erwerb des 9-Euro-Tickets ein Anstieg sozialer Kontakte.
Es zeigte sich, dass eine hohe Beeinflussung der Aktivitäten durch Kosten mit
einer Verschlechterung der Hauptsymptome assoziiert ist. Ein höheres Alter war
mit einer Abnahme der psychiatrischen Hauptsymptome im Zuge von Aktivitäten
korreliert. Die Befunde weisen auf eine hohe Akzeptanz des 9-Euro-Tickets in
einer ambulanten Stichprobe psychiatrischer PatientInnen hin.
Regionale Varianz der Raten Fürsorgerischer Unterbringungen in der
Schweiz
Authors: Jäger Matthias , Tuch Alexandre , Theodoridou Anastasia , Hepp Urs , Stulz Niklaus
Published: October 2024

Ziel der Studie Identifikation von Prädiktoren, die zur Erklärung
regionaler Varianz von Fürsorgerischen Unterbringungen (FU) in der Schweiz
beitragen.

Methodik Multiple Regressionsanalyse unter Einschluss potentieller
Prädiktoren und regionaler FU-Raten auf Ebene der nutzungsbasierten
Versorgungsregionen.

Ergebnisse Anordnungsbefugnis, Beistandschaften, Rate ambulanter
Konsultation in psychiatrischen Praxen, Hospitalisierungsrate und Urbanisierung
hängen signifikant mit der regionalen Variation der FU-Raten zusammen.

Schlussfolgerung Eine restriktive Regelung der Anordnungsbefugnis sowie
freiwillige ambulante psychosoziale und administrative Unterstützungsmassnahmen
können zur Reduktion der FU-Raten beitragen.
Sportunterricht mit Schüler*innen nach einer
Krebserkrankung
Authors: Oberwetter Katharina , Wiskemann Joachim , Wimmer Markus , Eckert Katharina ,   für das Netzwerk ActiveOncoKids (NAOK)
Published: October 2024

Die Schule ist ein wichtiges Setting, um Kinder und Jugendliche an Sport und
Bewegung heranzuführen und einen Grundstein für lebenslange körperliche
Aktivität zu legen. Kinder, die wegen einer Krebserkrankung behandelt wurden,
weisen oftmals eine geringere körperliche Fitness und motorische Belastbarkeit
auf und nehmen deutlich seltener am organisierten Sport oder am Sportunterricht
teil. Die möglichst uneingeschränkte Teilnahme am Sportunterricht ist ein
wichtiger Schritt auf dem Weg zurück in die Normalität. Sportlehrkräfte sind
dabei zentrale Persönlichkeiten, um Sport und Bewegung für Kinder mit positiven
Erlebnissen und Gefühlen zu verknüpfen. Das Ziel der Studie bestand darin,
wahrgenommene individuelle und infrastrukturelle Barrieren seitens der
Lehrer*innen zu identifizieren, die eine Reintegration betroffener Schüler*innen
erschweren. Hierzu wurde eine querschnittlich angelegte
Online-Fragebogenerhebung mit N=61 Sportlehrer*innen durchgeführt. Es zeigt
sich, dass dem Schulsport eine hohe Relevanz zugesprochen wird, sich allerdings
nur 1/5 der befragten Lehrer*innen ausreichend informiert fühlt, spezifische
Bewegungsempfehlungen für Schüler*innen nach einer Krebserkrankung
auszusprechen. An nahezu der Hälfte der Schulen werden die Kinder vom Schulsport
befreit. Um sich besser informiert zu fühlen und die Kinder sicher zu betreuen,
wünschen sich die Pädagog*innen unter anderem medizinische Therapieempfehlungen
mit Bewegungsempfehlungen (Leitlinie) (80%) und spezielles Beratungsmaterial für
Sportlehrkräfte (72%).
Update akutes Nierenversagen bei Kindern
Authors: Merz Lea Maria , Dittrich Katalin
Published: October 2024

Akutes Nierenversagen (ANV) bei Kindern zeichnet sich durch eine abrupte, potenziell reversible Abnahme der globalen Nierenfunktion aus. Das ANV ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die in bis zu 30 % der intensivmedizinisch betreuten Kinder auftritt. Die Etablierung von standardisierten Klassifikationssystemen (pRIFLE, AKIN, KDIGO) hat deutlich höhere ANV-Inzidenzen und Mortalitätsraten in pädiatrischen Patienten aufgezeigt. Da das Serumkreatinin erst ab einem Abfall der Nierenleistung auf 50 % auffällig wird, sind das Cystatin C – als von der Muskelmasse unabhängigerer Marker – und der Harnstoff basale Laborparameter. Zusätzlich sind die Urindiagnostik sowie eine Sonografie der Nieren essenziell für die Diagnosestellung. Die Therapie des ANVs ist rein supportiv, erfordert genaue Ursachenidentifikation und ist oft mit dem Einsatz von Nierenersatzverfahren verbunden. Die erste nephrologische Kontrolle nach durchgestandene ANV sollte nach spätestens 3 Monaten erfolgen. Bei schweren ANV-Verläufen sollte die Nachbetreuung durch einen/eine Kindernephrolog:in durchgeführt werden. Da ANV langfristige Folgen wie Proteinurie, arterielle Hypertonie und CNV mit sich bringen kann, ist ein lebenslanges Monitoring dieser Patienten essenziell.
Brauchen wir in der Alpin- und Höhenmedizin eine geschlechtsspezifische Medizin?
Authors: Welsch Noemi
Published: October 2024

Heute macht die Zahl der Bergsteigerinnen fast die Hälfte aller Bergsportler aus. Folglich steigt auch die Zahl der Frauen, die sich in Höhen über 2500 m über dem Meeresspiegel wagen. Als Reaktion auf diese Entwicklung hat die Internationale Medizinische Kommission für Klettern und Bergsteigen (Union Internationale des Associations d´Alpinisme; UIAA) eine Publikationsserie mit insgesamt 7 Artikeln veröffentlicht, in denen die neuesten Daten zusammengefasst und Empfehlungen für Bergsteigerinnen gegeben werden, die sich in Höhenlagen über 2500 m wagen 1–7.
Defining standards for fluoroscopy in gastrointestinal endoscopy using Delphi methodology
Authors: Khalaf Kareem , Pawlak Katarzyna M. , Adler Douglas G. , Alkandari Asma A. , Barkun Alan N. , Baron Todd H. , Bechara Robert , Berzin Tyler M. , Binda Cecilia , Cai Ming-Yan , Carrara Silvia , Chen Yen-I , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux , Forbes Nauzer , Fugazza Alessandro , Hassan Cesare , James Paul D. , Kahaleh Michel , Martin Harry , Maselli Roberta , May Gary R. , Mosko Jeffrey D. , Oyeleke Ganiyat Kikelomo , Petersen Bret T. , Repici Alessandro , Saxena Payal , Sethi Amrita , Sharaiha Reem Z. , Spadaccini Marco , Tang Raymond Shing-Yan , Teshima Christopher W. , Villarroel Mariano , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Voermans Rogier P. , von Renteln Daniel , Walsh Catharine M. , Aberin Tricia , Banavage Dawn , Chen Jowell A. , Clancy James , Drake Heather , Im Melanie , Low Chooi Peng , Myszko Alexandra , Navarro Krista , Redman Jessica , Reyes Wayne , Weinstein Faina , Gupta Sunil , Mokhtar Ahmed H. , Na Caleb , Tham Daniel , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , He Tony , Malipatil Sharan B. , Gholami Reza , Gimpaya Nikko , Kundra Arjun , Grover Samir C. , Causada Calo Natalia S.
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims Use of fluoroscopy in gastrointestinal endoscopy is an essential aid in advanced endoscopic interventions. However, it also raises concerns about radiation exposure. This study aimed to develop consensus-based statements for safe and effective use of fluoroscopy in gastrointestinal endoscopy, prioritizing the safety and well-being of healthcare workers and patients.

Methods A modified Delphi approach was employed to achieve consensus over three rounds of surveys. Proposed statements were generated in Round 1. In the second round, panelists rated potential statements on a 5-point scale, with consensus defined as ≥80% agreement. Statements were subsequently prioritized in Round 3, using a 1 (lowest priority) to 10 (highest priority) scale.

Results Forty-six experts participated, consisting of 34 therapeutic endoscopists and 12 endoscopy nurses from six continents, with an overall 45.6% female representation (n = 21). Forty-three item statements were generated in the first round. Of these, 31 statements achieved consensus after the second round. These statements were categorized into General Considerations (n = 6), Education (n = 10), Pregnancy (n = 4), Family Planning (n = 2), Patient Safety (n = 4), and Staff Safety (n = 5). In the third round, accepted statements received mean priority scores ranging from 7.28 to 9.36, with 87.2% of statements rated as very high priority (mean score ≥ 9).

Conclusions This study presents consensus-based statements for safe and effective use of fluoroscopy in gastrointestinal endoscopy, addressing the well-being of healthcare workers and patients. These consensus-based statements aim to mitigate risks associated with radiation exposure while maintaining benefits of fluoroscopy, ultimately promoting a culture of safety in healthcare settings.
Comprehensive audit of gastrointestinal endoscopy adverse events: Emphasizing quality indicators and economic impact with the AIG-AGREE modification
Authors: Katrevula Anudeep , Singla Neeraj , Rughwani Hardik , Jagtap Nitin , Katukuri Goutham Reddy , Godbole Shubhankar , Teles de Campos Sara , Memon Sana Fathima , Inavolu Pradev , Singh Aniruddha Pratap , Mathur Sonam Siddhant , Ashraf Aadil , Patel Rajendra , Haja Azimudin , Asif Shujaath , Katamareddy Thejesh , Kalapala Rakesh , Ramchandani Mohan , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Santosh Darisetty , Reddy Nageshwar
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims: This study aimed to conduct a clinical audit of adverse events (AEs) arising from gastrointestinal endoscopy, utilizing the AGREE classification for AEs and establishing its correlation with the ASGE classification. This study further integrated the economic repercussions of AEs into the AGREE classification through the AIG-AGREE modification.

Patients and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India, from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. The study included all patients who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic procedures. AEs were categorized using the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) and AGREE classifications. A quality indicator questionnaire containing 15 questions was graded based on the latest ASGE and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines. The grading scale ranged from 1 to 3 (poor), 4 to 6 (average), 7 to 9 (excellent), to 10 (outstanding). In addition, the AIG-AGREE modification divided the economic impact into five scales (α, β, γ, δ, and ε) based on multiples of the baseline amount. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05228353)

Results: Over the 6-month study period, a total of 42,471 endoscopic procedures were performed, identifying 220 AEs. Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.79; P < 0.001) between the grades of AEs in the AGREE and ASGE classifications. The median score for all quality indicators was 8, indicating excellent services based on feedback from 13,042 surveyed patients. Notably, patients with more severe AEs (AGREE III-V) exhibited higher economic impact categories (β, γ, δ, ε) compared with those with less severe AEs (AGREE I-II).

Conclusions: The AIG-AGREE modification stands as a pioneering effort that highlights the importance of considering economic factors in the evaluation of AEs in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Pd/Mengphos-Catalyzed High-Order [4+4] Cycloaddition for Efficient Synthesis of Oxazocines
Authors: Meng Yinggao , Han Xin , Xu Mengya , Xia Yingying , Mei Huiwen , Bi Xiucheng , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2024

The development of new catalytic systems that enable regio- and chemoselective construction of diversely functionalized oxazocines is an important topic in organic synthesis and pharmacochemistry. Herein, a novel Pd/Mengphos complex was designed and applied in a palladium-catalyzed high-order [4+4] cycloaddition of 2-substituted allylic carbonates to α,β-unsaturated imines, allowing facile access to versatile oxazocines in good yields with excellent b/l and Z/E selectivities (up to 92% yield and complete b/l and Z/E selectivities). The reaction exhibited a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and good functional group compatibility. In addition, an asymmetric version has also been tested, affording the desired oxazocines in moderate to good enantioselectivity.
19F-Labeled NMR Probes for the Detection and Discrimination of Nitrogen-Containing Analytes
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Gu Guangxing , Wang Chenyang
Published: October 2024

The development of 19F-labeled NMR probes has become a pivotal tool in analytical chemistry. Recent advancements in probe design enable precise identification of nitrogen-containing analytes, significantly enhancing the analysis of these biologically important analytes in complex mixtures. This short review highlights recent progress with probes based on covalent derivatization and dynamic exchange strategies, which yield distinct 19F NMR signals for each nitrogen-containing analyte. These strategies facilitate separation-free multicomponent analysis and chiral discrimination. Discussions will cover design principles, scope, limitations, and strategies to enhance the sensitivity and resolving ability. By addressing current challenges, 19F-labeled NMR probes hold the potential to revolutionize the detection of biologically relevant molecules, catalyzing new discoveries in chemical and biochemical research.

1 Introduction

2 19F-Labeled Probes Based on Covalent Derivatization

2.1 Non-Chiral 19F-Labeled Probes Based on Covalent Derivatization

2.2 Chiral 19F-Labeled Probes Based on Covalent Derivatization

3 19F-Labeled Probes Based on Dynamic Ligand Exchange

3.1 Non-Chiral 19F-Labeled Probes Based on Dynamic Ligand Exchange

3.2 Chiral 19F-Labeled Probes Based on Dynamic Ligand Exchange

4 Conclusion and Outlook
Chemical Capture and Sensing of Bovine Serum Albumin with Phenothiazinylcarbaldehyde-Labeled 2′-Deoxyuridine
Authors: Bag Subhendu , Kapdi Anant R. , Sahu Rajesh , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Gunturu Krishna Chaitanya
Published: October 2024

Chemical-capture-mediated sensing has had a great impact on proteomic research. Toward this end, we demonstrate the chemical trapping of BSA by the reactive formyl functionality of a newly developed fluorescent nucleoside probe, formylphenothiazine-labeled-2′-deoxyuridine. The probe is capable of trapping BSA via Schiff base formation leading to fluorescence ‘switch-on’ sensing with a large hypsochromic shift of ca. 100 nm. The α-amylase does not show any significant change in fluorescence response, demonstrating the efficiency of the probe in selective sensing of BSA. Docking studies suggest the preferential interaction of the phenothiazinylcarbaldehyde-labeled dU with the residual amino acids in site I of the BSA protein as compared to site II.
Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Radical Cyclization Reaction with Alkyl Boronic Acids Using Molecular Oxygen as a Sole Oxidant
Authors: Wang Xia , Gui Qing-Wen , Qin Xuanlin , Yan Jingting , Guo Li , Yao Jie , Shang Yanxue , Liu Yuxuan , Chen Xi
Published: October 2024

Indolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-12(6H)-one derivatives are prevalent in many synthetic intermediates, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. Herein, we developed a photoredox radical cascade cyclization reaction that uses visible light as the primary energy input to promote the reaction, leading to a series of indolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-12(6H)-one derivatives under oxygen conditions.
Protective Effect of Lavandula officinalis on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy in Mice: Expression of NOS Genes and Caspase-3
Authors: Ahghari Parisa , Afshar Saeid , Dastan Dara , Yazdi Amirhossein Ahmadieh
Published: October 2024

Objective Given the incidence of epilepsy and the adverse effects of unconventional antiepileptic medicines, there is a need for a novel medical treatment strategy for epileptic patients.

Materials and Methods The current study involved the selection of 80 male mice, which were then separated into 10 experimental groups: pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), negative control which received normal saline, treatment which received Lavandula officinalis in two doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, L. officinalis 200 mg/kg and 1400 w, L. officinalis 200 mg/kg and 7-NI, L. officinalis 200 mg/kg and diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI), L. officinalis 400 mg/kg and 1400 w, L. officinalis 400 mg/kg and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and group which received L. officinalis 400 mg/kg and DPI. Each group was stimulated with an 11-day injection cycle (every 48 hours) of PTZ at a dosage of 35 mg/kg. All groups underwent PTZ challenge dosage (75 mg/kg) testing during the 12th injection. Ultimately, the brains of all mice were extracted, and the activity of genes related to neuronal nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide, and endothelial nitric oxide was assessed. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to assess the quantity of caspase-3 in the groups.

Results Lavandula officinalis decreased the severity of seizures. The findings of our study demonstrated that the extract had a suppressive effect on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS; p < 0.05), while it had a stimulatory effect on endothelial NOS (eNOS; p < 0.05). In addition, L. officinalis reduced caspase-3 levels in the groups who were administered the extract.

Conclusion The hydroalcoholic extract of L. officinalis has been found to be effective. Lavandula officinalis enhanced the expression of endothelial nitric oxide and reduced the levels of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide to a greater extent in brain tissue affected by epilepsy. The groups receiving extract derived from L. officinalis exhibited a reduction in the level of caspase-3.
The Potential Impact of Heat on Athletes' Sleep at the Paris 2024 Olympics and Paralympics Games
Authors: Rosa João Paulo Pereira , Silva Andressa , Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de , Mello Marco Tulio de
Published: October 2024

In 2024, Paris will host the Olympic (during July and August) and Paralympic (during September) Summer Games. Despite temperatures often exceeding 40°C in Paris in July, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has indicated that there will be no installation of air conditioning in the athletes' rooms. High ambient temperatures can impair the quantity and quality of sleep and, consequently, impair athletic performance. In this overview, we present the rationale behind and explain the process of how a warm environment is unfavorable to the sleep of Olympic and Paralympic athletes, as well as offer practical recommendations on how to mitigate the effects of environment heat for a restful and effective night's sleep during the Paris 2024 Olympics and Paralympics Games.
Lifetime Violence and Perinatal Sleep Quality: A Scoping Review
Authors: Agarwal Nandini , Halim Nafisa
Published: October 2024

Introduction In-utero experience of violence through maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes via ‘biological programming,’ whose effect can be mediated by sleep. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize the current evidence of the association between experiences of violence and sleep in women.

Methods Between August and October 2023, we conducted a search in four databases (PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science) for peer-reviewed articles, using 11 inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any study published in English in peer-reviewed journals that conducted original research on the association between exposure to violence (lifetime IPV, IPV during the previous year, during and 1 year after pregnancy, as well as adverse childhood experiences) and poor sleep outcomes (sleep disturbances, insomnia, poor sleep quality, and longer time to fall asleep) in the perinatal population were included.

Results The synthesis of the 12 included studies revealed a positive association between exposure to violence and poor sleep, and between adverse childhood experiences and sleep disturbances or poor sleep during pregnancy. Moreover, IPV in the postpartum period was associated with poor sleep.

Conclusion Most of the evidence synthesized comprises data from high-income countries, resulting in lack of cultural context. However, it is evident that the experience of violence throughout life is a risk for poor perinatal sleep quality. Thus, there is a growing need to study this association, especially in resource-limited settings, where data on sleep health is largely absent, inform pregnancy care and maternal and child health policies.