bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicenter evaluation of a lateral-flow device test for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients
Authors: Eigl Susanne , Prattes Juergen , Lackner Michaela , Willinger Birgit , Spiess Birgit , Reinwald Mark , Selitsch Brigitte , Meilinger Michael , Neumeister Peter , Reischies Frederike , Wölfler Albert , Raggam Reinhard B , Flick Holger , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Krause Robert , Buchheidt Dieter , Thornton Christopher R , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Hoenigl Martin
Published: April 2015

Introduction

The incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is increasing, and early diagnosis of the disease and treatment with antifungal drugs is critical for patient survival. Serum biomarker tests for IPA typically give false-negative results in non-neutropenic patients, and galactomannan (GM) detection, the preferred diagnostic test for IPA using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), is often not readily available. Novel approaches to IPA detection in ICU patients are needed. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the performance of anAspergilluslateral-flow device (LFD) test for BAL IPA detection in critically ill patients.

Methods

A total of 149 BAL samples from 133 ICU patients were included in this semiprospective study. Participating centers were the medical university hospitals of Graz, Vienna and Innsbruck in Austria and the University Hospital of Mannheim, Germany. Fungal infections were classified according to modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria.

Results

Two patients (four BALs) had proven IPA, fourteen patients (sixteen BALs) had probable IPA, twenty patients (twenty-one BALs) had possible IPA and ninety-seven patients (one hundred eight BALs) did not fulfill IPA criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and diagnostic odds ratios for diagnosing proven and probable IPA using LFD tests of BAL were 80%, 81%, 96%, 44% and 17.6, respectively. Fungal BAL culture exhibited a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 85%.

Conclusion

LFD tests of BAL showed promising results for IPA diagnosis in ICU patients. Furthermore, the LFD test can be performed easily and provides rapid results. Therefore, it may be a reliable alternative for IPA diagnosis in ICU patients if GM results are not rapidly available.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT02058316. Registered 20 January 2014.
Do alcohol use disorders impact on long term outcomes from intensive care?
Authors: McPeake Joanne M , Shaw Martin , O’Neill Anna , Forrest Ewan , Puxty Alex , Quasim Tara , Kinsella John
Published: April 2015

Introduction

There is limited evidence regarding the impact of alcohol use disorders on long term outcomes from intensive care. The aims of this study were to analyse the nature and complications of alcohol related admissions to intensive care and determine whether alcohol use disorders impact on survival at six months post ICU discharge.

Method

This was an 18 month prospective observational cohort study in a 20 bedded mixed ICU, in a large teaching hospital in Scotland. On admission patients were allocated to one of three alcohol groups: low risk, harmful/hazardous, or alcohol dependency.

Results

34.4% of patients were admitted with an alcohol use disorder. Those with an alcohol related admission (either harmful/hazardous or alcohol dependent) had an increased odds of developing septic shock during their admission, compared with the low risk group (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.13-2.47, p = 0.01). After adjustment for all lifestyle factors which were significantly different between the groups, alcohol dependence was associated with more than a twofold increased odds of ICU mortality (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.2-4.69, p = 0.01) and hospital mortality (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.28-4.621, p = 0.004). After adjustment for deprivation category and age, alcohol dependence was associated with an almost two fold increased odds of mortality at six months post ICU discharge (HR 1.86; CI 1.30-2.70, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Alcohol use disorders are a significant risk factor for the development of septic shock in intensive care. Further, alcohol dependency is independently associated with poorer long term outcomes from intensive care.
Anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibody (ACPA)-negative RA shares a large proportion of susceptibility loci with ACPA-positive RA: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study in a Japanese population
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Ohmura Koichiro , Kochi Yuta , Ikari Katsunori , Okada Yukinori , Shimizu Masakazu , Nishina Naoshi , Suzuki Akari , Myouzen Keiko , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takahashi Meiko , Takasugi Kiyoshi , Murasawa Akira , Mizuki Shinichi , Iwahashi Mitsuhiro , Funahashi Keiko , Natsumeda Masamitsu , Furu Moritoshi , Hashimoto Motomu , Ito Hiromu , Fujii Takao , Ezawa Kazuhiko , Matsubara Tsukasa , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kubo Michiaki , Yamada Ryo , Taniguchi Atsuo , Yamanaka Hisashi , Momohara Shigeki , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Mimori Tsuneyo , Matsuda Fumihiko
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Although susceptibility genes for anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been successfully discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), little is known about the genetic background of ACPA-negative RA. We intended to elucidate genetic background of ACPA-negative RA.

Method

We performed a meta-analysis of GWAS comprising 670 ACPA-negative RA and 16,891 controls for 1,948,138 markers, followed by a replication study of the top 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 916 cases and 3,764 controls. Inverse-variance method was applied to assess overall effects. To assess overlap of susceptibility loci between ACPA-positive and -negative RA, odds ratios (ORs) of the 21 susceptibility markers to RA in Japanese were compared between the two subsets. In addition, SNPs were stratified by the p-values in GWAS meta-analysis for either ACPA-positive RA or ACPA-negative RA to address the question whether weakly-associated genes were also shared. The correlations between ACPA-positive RA and the subpopulations of ACPA-negative RA (rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive and RF-negative subsets) were also addressed.

Results

Rs6904716 in LEMD2 of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus showed a borderline association with ACPA-negative RA (overall p = 5.7 × 10−8), followed by rs6986423 in CSMD1 (p = 2.4 × 10−6) and rs17727339 in FCRL3 (p = 1.4 × 10−5). ACPA-negative RA showed significant correlations of ORs with ACPA-positive RA for the 21 susceptibility SNPs and non-HLA SNPs with p-values far from significance. These significant correlations with ACPA-positive RA were true for ACPA-negative RF-positive and ACPA-negative RF-negative RA. On the contrary, positive correlations were not observed between the ACPA-negative two subpopulations.

Conclusion

Many of the susceptibility loci were shared between ACPA-positive and -negative RA.
An acoustic data transmission system based on audio data hiding: method and performance evaluation
Authors: Cho Kiho , Choi Jae , Kim Nam Soo
Published: April 2015

Acoustic data transmission (ADT) forms a branch of the audio data hiding techniques with its capability of communicating data in short-range aerial space between a loudspeaker and a microphone. In this paper, we propose an acoustic data transmission system extending our previous studies and give an in-depth analysis of its performance. The proposed technique utilizes the phases of modulated complex lapped transform (MCLT) coefficients of the audio signal. To achieve a good trade-off between the audio quality and the data transmission performance, the enhanced segmental SNR adjustment (SSA) algorithm is proposed. Moreover, we also propose a scheme to use multiple microphones for ADT technique. This multi-microphone ADT technique further enhances the transmission performance while ensuring compatibility with the single microphone system. From a series of experimental results, it has been found that the transmission performance improves when the length of the MCLT frame gets longer at the cost of the audio quality degradation. In addition, a good trade-off between the audio quality and data transmission performance is achieved by means of SSA algorithm. The experimental results also reveal that the proposed multi-microphone method is useful in enhancing the transmission performance.
The potential role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in fibrotic diseases
Authors: Gao Qiaoyan , Li Yan , Li Mingcai
Published: April 2015

IL-33, a new member of the IL-1F, is widely expressed throughout the body and can be up-regulated by stimulation with proinflammatory factors. It has been identified as a functional ligand for the plasma membrane receptor complex that is a heterodimer consisting of membrane-bound ST2L, which is a member of the IL-1R family, and IL-1RAcP. IL-33 is crucial for the induction of Th2 immune responses. Additionally, under other circumstances, it can also act as an endogenous danger signal. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that IL-33 may be related to the development and progression of fibrotic diseases. It has proinflammatory effects in some fibrotic diseases but has anti-inflammatory effects in others. In this review, the biologic characteristics of IL-33 and the role of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in various fibrotic diseases will be discussed. We hope this overview will provide new insights for the treatment of these diseases.
The EU, China, and Nontraditional Security: Prospects for Cooperation in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Dossi Simone
Published: April 2015

As political instability challenges China’s growing interests in the Mediterranean region, the European Union might prove to be the right partner for Beijing. This essay assesses the prospects for EU-Chinese security cooperation in the region. A shared doctrinal concern with nontraditional security provides a solid foundation, as proved by antipiracy efforts in the Gulf of Aden. This paves the way for nontraditional security cooperation in the Mediterranean region, for instance in the field of noncombatant evacuation. Yet a crucial precondition is that the EU behaves more coherently, in order to be perceived by China as a reliable partner.
“March Westwards” and a New Look on China’s Grand Strategy
Authors: Zhao Minghao
Published: April 2015

The New Silk Road Economic Belt, among other newly launched foreign policy initiatives, illustrates that China is broadening its strategic aperture and making more efforts to “look westwards” and “march westwards,” which are crucial as China consolidates its status as the world’s largest developing country and promotes South-South cooperation. To better understand Beijing’s interest in reviving the Silk Road and it westward march, one needs to pay closer attention to the ongoing overhaul of China’s periphery diplomacy. Expansion of its influence to the west is a strategic necessity for China’s involvement in great power dynamics, the improvement of its international environment, and the strengthening of its development resilience. China faces a number of daunting challenges in implementing this grand strategy. These challenges include seeking support from regional powers who are suspicious of China’s strategic intentions and addressing China’s own knowledge and capacity deficits in dealing with the governmental and nongovernmental actors in the Central Asia, South Asia, and Middle East regions.
State-Dependent Fractional Point Processes
Authors: Garra R. , Orsingher E. , Polito F.
Published: April 2015

In this paper we analyse the fractional Poisson process where the state probabilities pkνk(t), t ≥ 0, are governed by time-fractional equations of order 0 < νk ≤ 1 depending on the number k of events that have occurred up to time t. We are able to obtain explicitly the Laplace transform of pkνk(t) and various representations of state probabilities. We show that the Poisson process with intermediate waiting times depending on νk differs from that constructed from the fractional state equations (in the case of νk = ν, for all k, they coincide with the time-fractional Poisson process). We also introduce a different form of fractional state-dependent Poisson process as a weighted sum of homogeneous Poisson processes. Finally, we consider the fractional birth process governed by equations with state-dependent fractionality.
Stochastic Monotonicity and Duality ofkth Order with Application to Put-Call Symmetry of Powered Options
Authors: Kolokoltsov Vassili N.
Published: April 2015

We introduce a notion ofkth order stochastic monotonicity and duality that allows us to unify the notion used in insurance mathematics (sometimes refereed to as Siegmund's duality) for the study of ruin probability and the duality responsible for the so-called put-call symmetries in option pricing. Our generalkth order duality can be interpreted financially as put-call symmetry for powered options. The main objective of this paper is to develop an effective analytic approach to the analysis of duality that will lead to the full characterization ofkth order duality of Markov processes in terms of their generators, which is new even for the well-studied case of put-call symmetries.
Stochastic Order Relations Among Parallel Systems from Weibull Distributions
Authors: Torrado Nuria , Kochar Subhash C.
Published: April 2015

Let Xλ1, Xλ2, …, Xλn
be independent Weibull random variables with Xλi ∼ W(α, λi), where λi > 0 for i = 1, …, n. Let Xn:nλ denote the lifetime of the parallel system formed from Xλ1, Xλ2, …, Xλn. We investigate the effect of the changes in the scale parameters (λ1, …, λn) on the magnitude of Xn:nλ according to reverse hazard rate and likelihood ratio orderings.
Applying the Wiener-Hopf Monte Carlo Simulation Technique for Lévy Processes to Path Functionals
Authors: Ferreiro-Castilla Albert , van Schaik Kees
Published: April 2015

In this paper we apply the recently established Wiener-Hopf Monte Carlo simulation technique for Lévy processes from Kuznetsov et al. (2011) to path functionals; in particular, first passage times, overshoots, undershoots, and the last maximum before the passage time. Such functionals have many applications, for instance, in finance (the pricing of exotic options in a Lévy model) and insurance (ruin time, debt at ruin, and related quantities for a Lévy insurance risk process). The technique works for any Lévy process whose running infimum and supremum evaluated at an independent exponential time can be sampled from. This includes classic examples such as stable processes, subclasses of spectrally one-sided Lévy processes, and large new families such as meromorphic Lévy processes. Finally, we present some examples. A particular aspect that is illustrated is that the Wiener-Hopf Monte Carlo simulation technique (provided that it applies) performs much better at approximating first passage times than a ‘plain’ Monte Carlo simulation technique based on sampling increments of the Lévy process.
The Euler Scheme for a Stochastic Differential Equation Driven by Pure Jump Semimartingales
Authors: Wang Hanchao
Published: April 2015

In this paper we propose the asymptotic error distributions of the Euler scheme for a stochastic differential equation driven by Itô semimartingales. Jacod (2004) studied this problem for stochastic differential equations driven by pure jump Lévy processes and obtained quite sharp results. We extend his results to a more general pure jump Itô semimartingale.
On the Frequency of Drawdowns for Brownian Motion Processes
Authors: Landriault David , Li Bin , Zhang Hongzhong
Published: April 2015

Drawdowns measuring the decline in value from the historical running maxima over a given period of time are considered as extremal events from the standpoint of risk management. To date, research on the topic has mainly focused on the side of severity by studying the first drawdown over a certain prespecified size. In this paper we extend the discussion by investigating the frequency of drawdowns and some of their inherent characteristics. We consider two types of drawdown time sequences depending on whether a historical running maximum is reset or not. For each type we study the frequency rate of drawdowns, the Laplace transform of the nth drawdown time, the distribution of the running maximum, and the value process at the nth drawdown time, as well as some other quantities of interest. Interesting relationships between these two drawdown time sequences are also established. Finally, insurance policies protecting against the risk of frequent drawdowns are also proposed and priced.
Optimal Dividend Policy when Cash Reserves Follow a Jump-Diffusion Process Under Markov-Regime Switching
Authors: Jiang Zhengjun
Published: April 2015

In this paper we study the optimal dividend payments for a company of limited liability whose cash reserves in the absence of dividends follow a Markov-modulated jump-diffusion process with positive drifts and negative exponential jumps, where parameters and discount rates are modulated by a finite-state irreducible Markov chain. The main aim is to maximize the expected cumulative discounted dividend payments until bankruptcy time when cash reserves are nonpositive for the first time. We extend the results of Jiang and Pistorius [15] to our setup by proving that it is optimal to adopt a modulated barrier strategy at certain positive regime-dependent levels and that the value function can be explicitly characterized as the fixed point of a contraction.
Representations for the Decay Parameter of a Birth-Death Process Based on the Courant-Fischer Theorem
Authors: van Doorn Erik A.
Published: April 2015

We study the decay parameter (the rate of convergence of the transition probabilities) of a birth-death process on {0, 1, …}, which we allow to evanesce by escape, via state 0, to an absorbing state -1. Our main results are representations for the decay parameter under four different scenarios, derived from a unified perspective involving the orthogonal polynomials appearing in Karlin and McGregor's representation for the transition probabilities of a birth-death process, and the Courant-Fischer theorem on eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix. We also show how the representations readily yield some upper and lower bounds that have appeared in the literature.
An Optimal Threshold Strategy in the Two-Envelope Problem with Partial Information
Authors: Egozcue Martin , Fuentes García Luis
Published: April 2015

In this paper we propose a strategy that gives an optimal lower bound of the average gain for the two-envelope problem within the McDonnell and Abbott (2009) and McDonnell et al. (2011) framework. We obtain this result with partial information about the probability distribution of the envelope's contents.
Dual pathways to endochondral osteoblasts: a novel chondrocyte-derived osteoprogenitor cell identified in hypertrophic cartilage
Authors: Park Jung , Gebhardt Matthias , Golovchenko Svitlana , Perez-Branguli Francesc , Hattori Takako , Hartmann Christine , Zhou Xin , deCrombrugghe Benoit , Stock Michael , Schneider Holm , von der Mark Klaus
Published: April 2015

According to the general understanding, the chondrocyte lineage terminates with the elimination of late hypertrophic cells by apoptosis in the growth plate. However, recent cell tracking studies have shown that murine hypertrophic chondrocytes can survive beyond “terminal” differentiation and give rise to a progeny of osteoblasts participating in endochondral bone formation. The question how chondrocytes convert into osteoblasts, however, remained open. Following the cell fate of hypertrophic chondrocytes by genetic lineage tracing using BACCol10;Cre induced YFP-reporter gene expression we show that a progeny of Col10Cre-reporter labelled osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts appears in the primary spongiosa and participates – depending on the developmental stage – substantially in trabecular, endosteal, and cortical bone formation. YFP+ trabecular and endosteal cells isolated by FACS expressed Col1a1, osteocalcin and runx2, thus confirming their osteogenic phenotype. In searching for transitory cells between hypertrophic chondrocytes and trabecular osteoblasts we identified by confocal microscopy a novel, small YFP+Osx+ cell type with mitotic activity in the lower hypertrophic zone at the chondro-osseous junction. When isolated from growth plates by fractional enzymatic digestion, these cells termed CDOP (chondrocyte-derived osteoprogenitor) cells expressed bone typical genes and differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro. We propose the Col10Cre-labeled CDOP cells mark the initiation point of a second pathway giving rise to endochondral osteoblasts, alternative to perichondrium derived osteoprogenitor cells. These findings add to current concepts of chondrocyte-osteocyte lineages and give new insight into the complex cartilage-bone transition process in the growth plate.
Students’ Independent Work Facilitation
Authors: Субботина  , Subbotina I. , Майер  , Mayer Aleksey , Ромашина  , Romashina Svetlana
Published: April 2015

Facilitation pedagogy potential has been revealed in this

paper based on material related to students’ independent work

management in a higher education institution. Teacher’s facilitation

influence realization directions, allowing transfer students’ independent

activity from tutor maintenance to controlled independent

work and then to self-checking with use of mark and rating estimates

system, have been shown.
Students’ Activity Increase As Important Task of Foreign Language Teaching Process
Authors: Полушина  , Polushina Lyubov , Давыдова  , Davydova Lyudmila
Published: April 2015

The principle that student’s educational work efficiency

depends on his cognitive activity development and independence

is conventional. A student’s activity is formed in the course of active,

developing character of teaching. The activity is in close

connection with student’s independence. Students’ educational

work activation can be considered as teacher’s purposeful activity

on improvement of the teaching’s contents, forms, methods and

techniques. The process of students’ cognitive activity formation

is the twofold one. It involves both students’ activity and obligatory

activation which can be considered as motivation proceeding

through methods, procedures, means applied by the teacher for the

purpose of students’ motivation to active work on foreign language

learning.
Escapes and Vagrancy of Teenagers: Phenomenological Features, Forecast
Authors: Кондратьев  , Kondratev G.
Published: April 2015

Such deviant behavior’s widespread forms as escapes and vagrancy of teenagers are considered in this paper. The occurred phenomenological features related to this form of deviant behavior are analyzed, and a modified typology of escapes and vagrancy created based on A.E. Lichko (2013/1983) typology which owing to social and economic changes occurred in the society doesn´t reflect this phenomenon’s real picture is offered. The author describes a transformation in already known types of escapes (emancipational, impunitive, demonstrative, dromomaniacal) and allocates types of escapes and vagrancy, characteristic for the present: ambulant, communitive and provoked, and also forecasts deviation manifestation in connection with type of escapes and vagrancy
Opportunities of innovative biomedical technologies in high performance sport
Authors: Фудин  , Fudin N. , Хадарцев  , Khadartsev Aleksandr
Published: April 2015

The authors give an explanation of individually dosed heat-cold treatments in combination with electro laser myostimulation and external contre-pulsation carried out at 70 athletes aged 28-32 years involved in cyclic sports. The results of clinical and biochemical laboratory tests, determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline by liquid chromatography, the content of vitamins and betacarotene - demonstrated normalization of auto-nomic functions, such as reducing the signs of emotional stress.
The control of personal-characteristic behaviors of underage children with deviations in the prevention of juvenile deliquency
Authors: Башманов  , Bashmanov V. , Калиниченко  , Kalinichenko O.
Published: April 2015

The article is devoted to the comprehensive study of the problem of deviant behavior, behavior forms and mechanisms of formation. Special attention is paid to the problem of self awareness, levels and content of the crisis states development. The authors reveal the mechanisms of features of work with children with deviations in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The authors argue that the described methodology secondary adjustment of adolescents based on general epistemological sequence of personal development, taking into account the basic properties of the sequence of formation behavior in accordance with accepted standards of conduct.
Features of application of biostimulating threads in patients of different age groups
Authors: Груздев  , Gruzdev D. , Кодяков  , Kodyakov A.
Published: April 2015

Currently, cosmetic market presents a wide variety of threads for skin rejuvenation. A special place among them is occupied by biostimulation threads, providing aesthetic effect is not due to the mechanical movement of soft tissues and their fixation, and by improving skin state. The set of threads in the soft tissue causes three different anti-aging effects: lifting, reinforcing and biostimulation. Data from clinical practice show that each specific sample of threads is characterized by a vivid manifestation of any one of the effects and moderates manifestation of the other two.

The prevailing aesthetic effect can be used as an integral indicator, because other private characteristic and properties of threads depend on it. On the basis of this for clinical practice the authors use the classification with the division of all cosmetic threads into three types: lifting, reinforcing and biostimulating.

Biostimulating threads occupy a special position, because they provide aesthetic effect, which isn’t based on mechanical movement and retention of the soft tissues, but to stimulate the natural rejuvenation processes. Standard set consists of a hollow flexible needle guide (25-31 G, 2.5 to 12 cm) and freely posted in her thread, the tail section which, coming out of the cut needle, fixed with a piece of foam or foam rubber.

The article proposes ways of application of biostimulating threads depending on the age of the patients, schema of installation of the mesothreads from polydioxanone, discusses the possibility of their use in complex methods.

Comparing Russian and Asian schools on mesothreads use, the authors suggest that the process of opti-mization of the considered methods of skin rejuvenation is far from its completion.
Morphological changes in the brain of wistar rats after insulin injection
Authors: Бантыш  , Bantysh B. , Макишева  , Makisheva R. , Субботина  , Subbotina Tatyana , Константинова  , Konstantinova D.
Published: April 2015

The morphological changes in the brain tissue of Wistar rats of different ages after intramuscular insulin injection in the dose of 1 IU/kg are typical for the hypoxic lesions of nervous tissue. The brain of rats at the age of 1-2 months responds to increased deposition of glycogen, moderate swelling around the cells and blood vessels. The effect of insulin on the brain Mature rats at the age of 5-7 months leads to vasodilatation, more pronounced swelling around the cells and blood vessels, hypertrophy of cells, aggregation and diabetes of red blood cells. The severity of ischemic changes significantly increased in the brain of old rats at the age of 20-24 months. These old rats had the senile dendrites, the widespread hypertrophic degenerative changes, i.e. flask-shaped vasodilation, hyperemia. In most of the visual fields are detected capillaries with the presence of aggregation on the side erythrocytes, signs of micro thrombosis, hemorrhage areas. The authors note that there is a loss of tone and tortuosity of the small arterioles, widespread swelling around the cells and around the blood vessels. Morphological signs of brain reaction on insulin injection reflect the death of cortical neurons, marked swelling of the brain tissue, disruption of vascular permeability, the thrombus formation and hemorrhages.
Patho-morphological changes of tissue of hypervascular formation at the endovascular treatment
Authors: Ольшанский  , Olshanskiy M. , Харитонов  , Kharitonov D. , Степанов  , Stepanov Ilya , Коротких  , Korotkikh N.
Published: April 2015

Treatment of hypervascular formations is challenging surgery. The solution of this problem is due to use a multidisciplinary approach, involving complex endovascular and surgical treatments. Patho-morphological study of remote hypervascular formations in treatment was carried out. That treatment consisted of an endovascular embolotherapy and an endovasal sclerotherapy in various combinations. The embolization of blood vessels leads to a complete reduction of blood flow in the formation area, the development of diffuse inflammatory infiltration in the background on tissue ischemia. In the future, developing ischemic necrosis fol-lowed by scarring of tissue surrounding the vascular formation. Sclerotherapy causes damage to the vascular endothelium with fibrin formation and hemolysis of red blood cells in the lumen of the veins. Moreover, there are a significant fibrosis, hyalinosis and inflammatory reaction of the tissues surrounding the vessels. Further development of this process leads to a final sclerosis and fibrotic scarring of the surrounding tissues. The combi-nation of endovascular embolization and sclerotherapy allows to achieve a reduction of blood flow in the arterial vascular malformation department and to cause a tissue fibrosis in the cavernous malformations. Endovascular therapy reduces the risk of bleeding in surgery and develops the capacity of radical treatment.
Differential diagnosis of pain in the lower back and cancer diseases in vertebro-neurological ambulatory practice
Authors: Мартыш  , Martysh V. , Болдин  , Boldin A.
Published: April 2015

A large number of diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis, at different stages of their development, can have a similar clinical manifestation - a pain in the lower back and proceed masked, namely, in the form of different variants of dorsopathies. Not all of these diseases are associated with degenerative-dystrophic processes in the vertebral motor segment and myofascial disorders. A number of cancer diseases may occur with lesions of the spine both primary and secondary. In turn, this causes a clinical picture that is similar to the symptoms of dorsopathy, however, it requires a completely different treatment. A latent cancer course, the absence of proper medical examination of the people, incomplete examination, at first glance "easy" patients can lead to serious diagnostic errors, and as a consequence, incorrect treatment, with all the ensuing irreparable to the patient´s health consequences. Such patients at any time may be on the appointments to specialist for vertebra-neurological patients (manual therapists, reflex therapists, osteopaths and others). Both beginners and experienced doctors should always remember this. The authors of this article draw attention to this. This article presents clinical picture and pain syndrome of the most common tumors and distinguishing features of it at the dorsopathies. This information, as well as clinical cases considered in this paper will allow the specialist to sus-pect possible oncological implications of pain in the patient and recommending further examination to avoid serious medical errors.
The effects of shungite on somatoform disorders in athletes
Authors: Белых  , Belykh E. , Несмеянов  , Nesmeyanov A. , Борисова  , Borisova O. , Фудин  , Fudin N.
Published: April 2015

The article demonstrates the importance of the application of new biomedical technologies in the correction of somatoform disorders in athletes. In observation were 86 athletes playing sports. Comprehensive clinical, psychological and instrumental examination showed that 11, 3% of them have some somatic pathology, but the complaint didn’t match up to this pathology, she had overdone character. Moreover, in this group in 36.4% of cases, there are previous histories of acute infectious diseases. The athletes were divided into two equal groups (main and control) by 43 people. In the main group, the athletes were treated orally with shungite in the form of tablets, in the control group - the psycho-pharmacotherapy. The same clinical and instrumental effect was observed in both groups. In the control group the undesirable effect of reducing muscle tone, drowsiness was detected. This allowed the authors to consider that it is expedient to use shungite for the correction of sym-tomatics in athletes with somatoform disorders.
Experience use of a non-invasive marker activity of inflammation in the colon in patients with colon polyps and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Матюхин  , Matyukhin A. , Никитин  , Nikitin A.
Published: April 2015

. The activity of a non-invasive marker of inflammation in the colon is used to evaluate the clinical, endoscopic and biological characteristics of ulcerative colitis and colon polyps. In this study, the authors studied the possibility of using non-invasive marker – a faecal calprotectin as a highly sensitive method in the activity of the inflammatory process in the colon. The study included 40 patients with ulcerative colitis and colon polyps, which a colonoscopy was performed. The concentration of calprotectin in stool samples was determined in all patients and was evaluated according to the clinical activity of the disease. A significant increase in the level of calprotectin in patients with colon polyps 42±5,6 µg/g wasn’t revealed. On the contrary, the concentration of a faecal calprotectin was significantly higher in patients with ulcerative colitis. This concentration increases in patients with a high degree of inflammatory activity and length of lesions of the mucous membrane of the colon. The concentration of calprotectin level correlates with the extent of lesion and activity of the inflam-matory process in the colon, but not with endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis. The use of modern method of non-invasive diagnostic marker of the inflammatory process in the intestine allows to diagnose functional and organic pathologies of the colon without the supplementary instrumental methods.
Dynamics of correlations of the immune and hormonal status and the optimization efficiency of rehabilitation of the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis as result of local therapy by essential oils applications
Authors: Крикорова  , Krikorova S. , Бобкова  , Bobkova A. , Деревнина  , Derevnina N. , Дашина  , Dashina T. , Агасаров  , Agasarov L. , Яковлев  , Yakovlev M.
Published: April 2015

Purpose of this research is to study the effects of a essential oils mixture applications on the dynamics of the correlation of the immune and hormonal status, and the treatment efficiency of osteoarthritis. Materials and methods. 30 women with OA were treated with applications of 5% mix EO: lavender, gin-ger, peppermint, rosemary, pine, clove, nutmeg, eucalyptus, thyme, anise. Dynamics of the correlation of immu-nological status indicators: total number of cells; absolute and % of number of total lympho-cytes,CD3,CD4+,CD8+, To cells, indicators immune-regulatory index CD4+/CD8+, absolute and % indicators CD19, IgG, IgA, IgM was studied. Dynamics of the correlation of endocrine system: STH, PL, cortisol, , TTH, fT4, fT3, PTH, CT, osteocalcin, LH, FSH, ED and TS, DHEA, AS, PG, INS, С-P, index HOMA-IR was also studied. Results. Before treatment - immunodeficiency CD3, CD4, increase CD8+ (cytotoxic cells), low level in-dicators index CD4+ /CD8+ were revealed. Low level indicators CD3, CD4 according to the correlation analysis resulted in reducing the formation of IgM, IgG, IgA was noted. Before treatment low levels of sex steroids ED, TS were revealed. The main hormones support the immune system before treatment, were ED, PTH, CT. After treatment – there were increase in CD3, CD4-cells, index indicators CD4+ /CD8+, reduced CD8, a statistically significant increase in TS (p<0.05), reducing INS and glucose (p<0.05), index HOMA-IR (p<0.05).The main hormones support the immune system after treatment began INS (p<0.05) and thyroid hormones, PTH. The dynamics of the correlation of the immune and hormonal status is associated with a decrease in pain, improved joint function, according to index Lekena (p<0.05).
Reflex therapy as a ways of treating back pain
Authors: Гончаров  , Goncharov D. , Медведева  , Medvedeva L. , Загорулько  , Zagorulko O. , Гнездилов  , Gnezdilov A.
Published: April 2015

The analysis of treatment efficiency of the patients with muscular-tonic pain syndrome of lumbosacral localization who were in outpatient treatment at the Department of therapy of pain syndromes at Russian B.V. Petrovsky Scientific Center of Surgery was carried out. Therapy was carried out in two groups. Patients of the 1st group received the Tizanidine 4-8 mg/day, the reflex therapy in 4-6 sessions each day or at intervals of 1-2 days was used for patients of 2nd group. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of complementary application of reflex therapy. The use of reflex therapy can improve the effectiveness of the treatment.
Place of magnesium deficiency in cardiovascular continuum: pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment
Authors: Шилов  , Shilov A. , Абдуллаева  , Abdullaeva A.
Published: April 2015

The article presents modern concepts of “cardiovascular continuum”, where there are stages of heart disease risk factors up to death. The fundamental constant is a magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. The authors show the way of absorption, distribution of the elimination of magnesium, the regulatory significance of genes, providing its bioavailability. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency on the part of the cardiovascular system are characterized. The authors specify the involvement of magnesium in the develop-ment of metabiological syndrome, the possibilities of correction of its content, respectively, and insulin resis-tance. An anti-arrhythmogenic effect of the drug magnesium – Magnerot - was proven.
Innovative scientific and educational technologies in the private health institutions
Authors: Гусейнов  , Guseynov A. , Груздев  , Gruzdev D.
Published: April 2015

In article the author characterizes the private provision of educational services in the field of post-graduate medical formation. Private health institutions have a high level of staffing, modern equipment and technologies, so they can create the training centers and organize workshops, seminars. The experience of the clinic of Dr. Gruzdev (St. Petersburg) demonstrates the high effectiveness of this post-graduate education.
The somato-typological features of teenage boys with the syndrome of vegetative dysfunction of sympathetic tonic type
Authors: Чаплыгина  , Chaplygina E. , Елизарова  , Elizarova E.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of the research is to study the constitutional features of teenage boys with the syndrome of vegetative dysfunction of sympathetic tonic type. A somatometry of 100 adolescent boys (70 healthy and 30 boys with syndrome of vegetative dysfunction of sympathetic tonic type) according to V.V. Bunak’s method (1941) was carried out. Determination of somatic type and severity of fat, muscle and bone components of the body was conducted by the method of R. N. Dorokhov, V., Petrukhin (1989). As results of this study the fea-tures of somatic type distribution and severity of fat, muscle and bone components of the body in the boys with syndrome of vegetative dysfunction were revealed. In boys with syndrome of vegetative dysfunction the predo-minance macrosomic type (38,4%) was found, this corresponds to high values of length and weight. In healthy boys it was established the predominance micro and intermediate types (31,5%; 28.6%) corresponding to aver-age and below average values of overall performance. To study muscle and bone components of the body, the predominance of high and average values among boys with syndrome of vegetative dysfunction sympathetic tonic and below average values - in healthy boys.
The effects of different sports on the activity of human functional systems
Authors: Зилов  , Zilov V. , Еськов  , Eskov V. , Филатова  , Filatova O. , Фудин  , Fudin N. , Борисова  , Borisova O.
Published: April 2015

The review highlights the issues of classification of sports, their detailed description, based on available information about the functioning of organs and systems of the human body during sports activities. Features training and competitive loads on their nature and intensity, as well as the features of the actual load and the perfect plan of the theoretical model were identified. Aerobic, anaerobic and mixed load, lactate threshold, oxygen debt, and energy consumption were identified and characterized. The rest activities (active, passive and combined) as well as the typology of rest were described. The authors found a relationship between fatigue and rest with the nature of the adaptation processes.
The objective criteria of chronic diseases of digestive system in children (literature review)
Authors: Сапожников  , Sapozhnikov Vladimir , Воробьева  , Vorobeva A.
Published: April 2015

Recently, in Russia the number of children with chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive system grows steadily. Chronic diseases of the digestive system in children often begin in pre-school and school age. This article discusses the objective criteria of the chronic diseases of the digestive system in children. This pathology is an important social and medical problem among children. Today, there are many children with digestive pathology. The leading is gastro-duodenal pathology. Analysis of the above data shows the high complexity of the diagnostic evaluation of different symptoms that can only be detected on palpation of the anterior abdominal wall in children with combined pathology of the organs of the gastro-duodenal zone. This is due to the co-morbidity of development of pathological process. On the other part, however, the authors observed a logical relation in the frequency of occurrence of these or other symptoms depending on the extent and nature of the lesion of the stomach, duodenum, biliary system, pancreas in children. This again underlines the importance of improving instrumental methods in children with disorders of the digestive system.
Short-wave electromagnetic field effects on adrenal glands functional status in the rats
Authors: Алабовский  , Alabovskiy V. , Кудряшов  , Kudryashov Yu. , Перов  , Perov S.
Published: April 2015

The article presents the investigation results of the electromagnetic field biological effects on adrenal glands functional activity in the rats. The electromagnetic field exposure levels were typical electromagnetic fields of portable radios (walkie-talkies). Experiments were carried out on laboratory male rats. Experimental groups were exposured in a transverse electromagnetic wave cell - TEM cell. Sham animal groups were in similar conditions, but without electromagnetic field exposure. The exposure of experimental animals was carried out in three series (12 rats for each group) for three levels of the electric field strength such as 15; 25 and 35 V/m. Gluco-corticoid and mineral-corticoids adrenal functions were assessed by determining the corticosterone and of Na+ and K+ levels in daily urinary excretion. The animal specific absorption rate evaluations were calculated by using the program SEMCAD X v.14 and experimentally in the TEM cell. The dependences of the excretion of corticosterone and electrolytes on the specific absorption rate and exposure time, which indicate that for small values of electromagnetic energy absorption is stimulation of the adrenal glands functional activity, alternating with depression by specific absorption rate increasing.
Modern problems of medical care quality (review of literature)
Authors: Орлова  , Orlova A.
Published: April 2015

High quality of medical care is the primary goal of a health system. At the moment it cann’t be considered high. The results of sociological surveys presented that quite a large proportion of patients isn’t satisfied with the care provided by medical assistance. The causes of this are: absence of funding for health care (and related problems of material and technical base, staffing, staff interest and other), as well as the absence of commonly agreed (and unified with the world) approaches to the definition criteria (indicators), means of verification and a unified system of quality assurance. The moral and ideological factors (destructive changes in the medical profession, the divergence of moral and professional principles, a dominance of the economic aspects of rela-tions, reduced social activity and responsibility) are important. In addition, managers of medical institutions are the following problems of theoretical and methodological nature: the need for a clear distinction between the concepts of "quality of care", "quality of medical services", "quality organization" (including accessibility, ethi-cal aspects, sanitary conditions, which significantly affect the level of subjective assessment). In the context of globalization and international cooperation, it is very important to bring domestic approaches to understanding, assessing, managing the quality of health care in the world.
Analysis of the edidemiological indexies for musculo-skeletal system аnd osteoarthritis (literature review)
Authors: Арутюнов  , Arutyunov A. , Титова  , Titova L. , Макарова  , Makarova M. , Вальков  , Valkov M.
Published: April 2015

A retrospective analysis was carried out on the basis of epidemiological indicators such as prevalence and incidence for diseases of the musculo-skeletal system and osteoarthritis among residents of Arkhangelsk region and Krasnodar region. The incidence trends to increasing for diseases of bones and joints during the period of 2000-2012 years showed (in the Russian Federation for 13 years of growth was 8%, in the Arkhangelsk Region - 31%, and the Krasnodar Region- 142%). The similar results were obtained in studies for osteoarthritis (in Russia increase by 55% over 13 years for 41% of the Arkhangelsk Region, Krasnodar Region - 46%). Maximum growth indicator prevalence of diseases of the musculo-skeletal system was observed in the Krasnodar region and was 69% and in the Arkhangelsk region - 30%, in Russia on average increase was 26%. For thirteen years also marked increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis in Russia as a whole and in the Arkhangelsk region and the Krasnodar region. Environmental and climate and geographical features of investigated regions can cause the detected differences.