bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTIC OF FISH GLUE FROM THREE DIFFERENT MARINE FISHES
Authors: Sulistyanto Edo Prabawandwika , Darmanto Yudhomenggolo Sastro , Amalia Ulfah
Published: January 2018

Fish bone waste is a byproduct of fish processing units, which can be utilized to produce fish glue. Fish glue is an adhesive substance that made from collagen extract of fish skin and bones. The purpose of this research was to determine the quality of the fish glue with different raw materials of marine fishes bones such as Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson), Eastern little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis), and Cobia (Rachycentron canadum). The research method was the extraction of fish bones using 5% CH3COOH solution with a ratio of fish bone and solution of 1:1.  Later, the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary vacuum evaporator to obtain fish glue. Parameters measured were bonding strength, damage to wooden surfaces, viscosity, pH, and moisture content. The results showed that the use of raw materials of different fish bones affect the value of the bonding strength, damage to wooden surfaces, viscosity, pH, and moisture content. Fish glue made of Eastern little Tuna bones as raw material was the best product resulted from this research, with the fish glue characteristics for bonding strength of 7.7 N/mm2, wood surface damage of 83.21%, viscosity of 4.17 poise, pH 4.74, and moisture content of 55.60%. The product was also comply with SNI 06-6049-1999 of polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives for wood working. The research results indicated that fish bones as raw material are potential to be developed in the manufacture of fish glue.   Keywords: fish glue, bones, spanish mackerel, eastern little tuna, cobia
PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND ITS RELATION TO PEARL OYSTER AQUACULTURE (Pinctada maxima) IN SEKOTONG, WEST NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Fathurrahman . , Aunurohim . , Fahmi Varian
Published: January 2018

Pearl oyster aquaculture is one of the marine industries that is currently growing in West Nusa Tenggara. Pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) is a common species of oyster that cultivated in West Nusa Tenggara waters. A suitable location is an important factor for the success of pearl aquaculture industry. It needs a good water quality and supported by appropriate physical parameters for other marine biotas. The aim of this research was to analize phytoplankton composition (biological parameter) and it correlation to the Sekotong water condition for pearl farming production. The result showed that the pearl farming location has good water condition according to physio-chemical parameter and water nutrients. All parameters were in suitable range for the growth and development of pearl oysters. Keywords: pearl farming, phytoplankton, Pinctada maxima, West Nusta Tenggara
CORAL REEF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN WANGI-WANGI ISLAND WATERS, WAKATOBI
Authors: Yulius . , Novianti Nadya , Arifin Taslim , Salim Hadiwijaya L. , Ramdhan Muhammad , Purbani Dini
Published: January 2018

Coral reefs contribute significant benefits in coastal area in Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatobi in terms of their ecological functions to marine biota and socio-economical services to local coastal communities. Therefore, it is importance to observe coral reef condition and its spatial distribution around Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. In this study Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and GIS tools were used to observe and analyze coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. The results showed that coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters can be categorized into moderate and good conditions with coverage percentage ranging from 28 – 60%. Based on spatial analysis non-acropora coral was found in greater cover percentages in Waha village, Sombu village, and Kapota island than other locations. Soft coral cover percentage was also found in larger cover percentage in Waha and  Sombu regions than other locations. Keywords: coral reefs, geographic information system (GIS), Wangi-wangi Island
EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT AND ENDOGENOUS NUTRIENT ABSORBTION OF SEA SILVER POMPANO FISH LARVAE FROM NATURAL SPAWN OF BROODSTSOCK, Trachinotus blocii, (LACEPEDE)
Authors: Dharma Tony Setia
Published: January 2018

Silver pompano is a prospective high value commodity to be developed in mariculture. The aims of this research were to understand the development of embryo and absorption pattern of endogenous nutrient at the time of changing from using endogenous to exogenous nutrient. This research was conducted in Institute for Mariculture Research and Development, Gondol, Singaraja, Bali using fertilized eggs which were stocked in concrete tanks 3 m3, filled with 2 m3 of seawater, in a density of 25 eggs/l. Temperature at the time of hatching was 28-30oC. The observation of embryo development and its morphology was performed after hatching by collecting larvae as many as 10. Parameters measured were total length of larvae (TL), yolk sac volume (VK), oil globule volume (VM) and larvae development. The results showed that embryo of silver pompano had a normal development, consisted of several phases i.e., fertilized egg, cell division, neurola, gastrula, complete embryo and hatching as larvae. Newly hatched larvae had endogenous nutrient as yolk sac and oil globule with volume of 2.27.10-1 mm3 ± 0.06 and 5.57.10-1 mm3 ± 0.02, respectively. Yolk sac was completely absorbed after 35:30 to 46:30 hours and oil globule after 52:30 to 64:30 hours. Initial feeding was given when yolk sac was completely absorbed but before oil globule was completely absorbed. The average total length of larvae was 2.40 ± 0.10 mm. Keywords: embryo, larvae, absorption, yolk sac, silver pampano
OBSERVATION OF COASTAL FRONT AND CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHEASTERN JAVA SEA, INDONESIA
Authors: Atmadipoera Agus S. , Kusmanto Edi , Purwandana Adi , Nurjaya I Wayan
Published: January 2018

The structure and spatial extent of a coastal front and circulation in the shallow (<55 m depth) northeastern Java Sea in Indonesia was investigated with a new dataset of high-resolution conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and along-track shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP) during a DIKTI-LIPI 2010 joint research cruise on R.V. Baruna Jaya 8.  The coastal front separates fresh warm coastal water derived mainly from Barito River discharge and the saline, cool Java Sea water.  The surface fresh water plume extends approximately 760 km from the Barito River estuary to the south, and its thickness varies from the surface to 10 m and 20 m depth, depending on its proximity to the fresh water source.  The front is aligned a northeast and east direction, probably related to a meandering of strong northeastward monsoon current in the eastern part of the Java Sea during the observation time. Keywords: hydrographic measurement, coastal front, Matasiri Islands, Barito River, the northwest monsoon current
FISH BEHAVIOR ON FISHERIES BOAT LIFT NET (BAGAN PETEPETE) BY USING LED LIGHTS
Authors: Sulaiman Muhammad , Baskoro Mulyono Sumitro , Taurusman Am Azbas , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Yusfiandayani Roza
Published: January 2018

Research on fish behavior in boat lift net fisheries (bagan petepete) equipped with LED light is very important since the similar research is very limited conducted in Indonesian waters. The purpose of this study was to understand the LED light distribution and its impact on the fish behavior around the LED light.  This study was conducted in the laboratory of Simulation Workshop and Navigation, Pangkep State Polytechnique of Agricultural and fishing experiment was done in Barru District waters, Makassar Strait, South Sulawesi. The light intensity was measured by a digital lux meter and under water lux meter, while fish behavior was observed by side scan sonar color. Light intensity analyses showed that the distribution of 80 watts LED light was mostly focused with 1096 lux with an angle168°. Fishes approached the light at 5-10 m and 20-30 m water depth from all directions after all lights were turned on. Fishes in smaller groups and higher density concentrated around the light when only one lamp was turned on. After catch processing, some fishes left the lighting area and others still stayed in the lighting area. Keywords: fish behavior, LED lamp, light fishing, lift net
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF SEAGRASS AND SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES CONNECTIVITY IN MALANG RAPAT AND BERAKIT VILLAGES, BINTAN DISTRICT, RIAU ISLANDS
Authors: Arkham Muhammad Nur , Adrianto Luky , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: January 2018

Seagrass ecosystem has important roles in ecological and social factors to support fisherman income. The purpose of this research was to map the social-ecological system connectivity of seagrass with small-scale fisheries with networks perspective, to identify social-ecological connectivity of seagrass with fisheries resource availability approaches in small-scale fisheries, and to estimate the benefits of fish resources relation to seagrass ecosystem in Malang Rapat and Berakit vilages. Social-ecological system connectivity of seagrass was proven by the spatial distribution of fishing areas, networks map markets, and dynamics of small-scale fisheries catches in the study site. Social-ecocoligal connectivity of seagrass was also proven by fish catches dominated by Siganidae, Scaridae, Lethrinidae, and Lutjanidae families. The fishermen income was supported by seagrass ecosystem connectivity which contributed revenue from fish catches totally Rp 202,124,00/day in Malang Rapat village and Rp. 193,151,00/day  in Berakit village. Other benefit of seagrass ecosystem located nearby the beach was that the fishermen can have an easy access or less fuel for fishing operation.Keywords: seagrass ecosystem, network map, connectivity, small-scale fisheries, social-ecological system, Riau islands
BACTERIAL SYMBIONT BIOACTIVE COMPOUND OF SOFT CORAL Sinularia flexibilis AND S. polydactyla
Authors: Rozirwan . , Bengen Dietriech G. , Chaidir . , Zamani Neviaty P. , Effendi Hefni
Published: January 2018

Symbiont bacteria on soft coral can produce bioactive compounds that plays an important role in chemical ecology and as a marine natural product. The purpose of this study was to find and characterize the antibacterial activities of active compounds extracted from bacterial symbionts of soft coral S. flexibilis and S. polydactyla. The methods used in this study were culture and isolation of bacterial symbionts, extraction of compounds, antibacterial bioassay, and identification of bioactive compounds using the LC-MS analyses. Four isolates of bacterial symbionts were obtained from two samples of soft corals, 2 isolates of Pseudomonas diminuta (A1) and Edwardsiellla hoshinae (A2) from soft coral S. flexibilis, and 2 isolates of E. hoshinae (B1) and P. acidovorans (B4) from S. polydactila. Antibacterial activity were found only from the extracts of bacterial symbionts P. diminuta (A1) and from  S. flexiblis about 10.16 ± 0.3mm (for B. subtilis), 8.66 ± 0.8 mm (E. coli) and 9.86 ± 1.7mm (S. dysentri). No antibacterial activity found from the extracts of S. polydactyla. The results of LC MS analysis showed that the group of diterpenes sinularin produced by soft corals S. flexibilis and bacterial symbionts isolates of P. diminuta (A1).Keywords:  Bacterial Symbiont, Bioactive Compound, Antibacterial Activity, Soft Coral, Sinularia flexibilis, Sinularia polydactyla
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ASSAY OF MANGROVE EXTRACTS AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHI AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
Authors: Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Umami Rifqiyah Nur , Melki .
Published: January 2018

The antibacterial activities of mangrove species, Avicennia marina, Sonneratia caseolaris (collected from Teluk Payo, Banyuasin, South Sumatera), Ceriops tagal, Rizhopora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba (collected from Sadai, South Bangka) were screened against Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes by agar disk diffusion assays. Extractions were conducted using organic solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone, subsequently). Most of the extracts tested showed potential antibacterial activity against both pathogens. The methanol extracts of the bark from S. alba and the fruit from A. marina showed particularly large inhibition zones (15 mm) against S. typhi. The acetone extract of S. alba leaves showed the largest inhibition zone (14 mm) when tested against L. Monocy-togenes. Further partial purifications of selected extracts which showed strong inhibition were performed by silica gel column chromatography using various eluent compositions with different polarities. The third fraction of methanol extract from S.alba leaves eluted with chloroform:methanol (1:5) resulted in a remarkably large inhibition zone (23 mm) against S. typhi. The third and seventh fractions of acetone extract from S. alba leaves eluted with ethyl acetate:methanol (7:3) resulted in a large inhibition zones (15 mm) against L. monocytogenes. In addition, the sixth fraction of methanol extract from A. marina fruit eluted with chloroform : methanol (6:4) resulted in the largest inhibition zone (17 mm) against L. monocytogenes. These results indicated that mangrove extracts could be developed as potential biomaterials for biopharmaceutical as well as biopreservation industries.Keywords: antibacterial activity, mangrove, column chromatography
DOMINANT FACTORS AFFECTING SEDIMENT OXYGEN CONSUMPTION LEVEL IN INTENSIVE WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) POND
Authors: Suwoyo Hidayat S. , Nirmala K. , Djokosetiyanto D. , Mulyaningrum Sri R.H.
Published: January 2018

Sediment oxygen consumption level is an indicator of mineralization procces intensity and indicator of microorganism activity in the substrate, and also a description of dissolved oxygen consumption or utilization in a water body. This study aimed to evaluate factors of sediment quality which influenced sediment oxygen consumption level. The study was conducted at the experimental pond installation of Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture (RICA), in Punaga, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, using two units of 4000m2 intensive ponds with density of 50ind./m2. Rearing period was approxi-mately in 4months. Pond management was carried out in accordance with standard operating pro-cedures. Homogeneity between experimental units was approached by the uniformity of pond management including pond preparation, shrimp seed management, feed management,and water management. Sediment quality variables measured were redox potential, pH, total organic matter, sediment oxygen consumption, total bacteria, and production aspect. The results showed that the factors which have close relationship with the sediment oxygen consumption were redox potential, organic matter, and total bacteria. The model could be used to predict the sediment oxygen con-sumption on white shrimp pond with the following regression equation Y=  0.0000496 + 0.00025 organic matter + 0.00037 total bacteria - 0.00000948 potential redox with R2 = 0.847.Keywords: sediment oxygen consumption, sediment quality, pond, Litopenaeus vannamei
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANKTONIC DINOFLAGELLATE IN MAKASSAR WATERS, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Mujib Abd Saddam , Damar Ario , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: January 2018

The objectives of this study were to determine the harmful species of dinoflagellates, to determine the concentration of nutriens in surface waters, and to analyze factors affecting the ecological aspects of the harmful dinoflagellates. The results showed that there were 7 genus of dinoflagellates found in this study i.e., Ceratium spp., Gymnodinium sp., Dinophysis sp., Gonyaulax sp., Noctiluca sp., Protoperi-dinium spp., and Peridinium sp. Protoperidinium spp. and Ceratium spp. were the predominant species, with their abundance ranged  of 9-659 cells/L and 6-556 cells/L, respectively.  In temporal scale, values of DO and water light penetration were not significantly different (α>0.05), while for the parameter of nutriens, salinity, and abundance were significantly different (α<0.05). Total abundance of dinoflagellates was significantly correlated with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, salinity, and DO.  Harmful dinoflagellate species such as Dinophysis sp. (DSP), Gymnodinium spp. (NSP and PSP), Noctiluca sp. (anaerobic), and Gonyaulax sp. (anaerobic) were observed in the study area. The high concentration of ammonia (>1 mg/L) in the waters of Losari beach also indicated that the area was affected by anthropogenic activities.   Minimizing nutrient inputs from the land was becoming the most priority measure to be done to avoid such effects related to dinoflagellate harmful algae bloms.Keywords: anthropogenic, dinoflagellates, harmful species, Makassar, nutrients.
GROWTH RATE, COVER, AND SURVIVAL RATE (Enhalus acoroides) TRANSPLANTED IN MONOSPECIES AND MULTISPECIES
Authors: Tasabaramo Ilham Antariksa , Kawaroe Mujizat , Rappe Rohani Ambo
Published: January 2018

One of seagrass dominant species found in Indonesia is Enhalus acoroides. This species can form single seagrass bed vegetation (monospecies vegetation) and mixed with others species (multispecies vegetation). Seagrass composition in coastal areas can be affected by surrounding associated species such as herbivorous fish and invertebrates. Human activities, especially in coastal communities, can negatively influence seagrass beds. Therefore, it is needed an effort to rehabilitate the affected seagrass. Transplantation technic is one effort for rehabilitation. The purposes of the research were to analyze growth rate, percent cover, and survival rates of seagrass E. acoroides transplanted as monospecies and multispecies. This research used a monospecies of E. acoroides and multispecies (2, 4, and 5 species) that combined to others species such as T. hemprichii, C. rotundata, H. ovalis, H. uninervis, and S. isoetifolium. Research results showed that the highest average growth rate of transplanted E. acoroides was found in monospecies treatment with 0.29 cm/day. The highest average cover changing was found on two combined species i.e., E. acoroides and C. rotundata, as high as 0.10% per day. The highest survival rates were found in 2 combined treatment i.e., E. acoroides and H. ovalis, and 5 combined species such as E. acoroides, S. isoetifolium, C. rotundata, H. uninervis dan H. ovalis with value 100 percent, respectively. Keywords: Enhalus acoroides, cover, growth, survival rates, seagrass, transplantation
DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR OF DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE Pb AND Zn IN JENEBERANG ESTUARY, MAKASSAR
Authors: Najamuddin . , Prartono Tri , Sanusi Harpasis s. , Nurjaya I Wayan
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTDissolved and particulate heavy metals play a role in geochemical cycle as an agent in adsorption-desorption, deposition-resuspension, and dispersion mechanisms of heavy metals in water environment. The objectives of this research were to determine the distribution and behaviour of dissolved and particulate heavy metals Pb and Zn in different seasons (west and east seasons) at Jeneberang Estuary of Makassar. Concentrations of Pb and Zn were analysed using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry based on APHA, AWWA, WEF (2005). The concentration of dissolved Pb in the riverine, estuarine, and marine waters were in the range (average) of <0.002 mg/L (below detectable limit), 0.013-0.144 mg/L (0.047 mg/L), 0.016-0.198 mg/L (0.079 mg/L); and the concen-tration of dissolved Zn were in the range (average) of <0.002 mg/L (below detectable limit), <0.002-0.014 mg/L (0.005 mg/L), <0.002-0.083 mg/L (0.017 mg/L). Meanwhile, the concentration of parti-culate Pb were in the range (average) of 1.807-2.569 mg kg-1 (2.215 mg kg-1), 0.521-1.272 mg kg-1 (0.911 mg kg-1), 0.465-2.182 mg kg-1 (1.033 mg kg-1), and the concentration of particulate Zn were in the range (average) of 19.151-90.942 mg kg-1 (51.710 mg kg-1), 16.999-63.059 mg kg-1 (31.694 mg   kg-1), 19.439-80.283 mg kg-1 (45.554 mg kg-1) in the riverine, estuarine and marine waters, respecti-vely. Behaviour of dissolved heavy metals Pb and Zn showed that the concentrations tended to increase (desorption) along the gradient of high salinity as a  result of the higher heavy metals input from coastal region than that riverine regimes.Keywords: distribution, behaviour, dissolved, particulate, heavy metal, Jeneberang Estuary
DAMAGE LEVEL AND CLAIMED VALUE ESTIMATION OF DAMAGE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN BINTAN BAY, BINTAN DISTRICT
Authors: Winarno Sigit , Effendi Hefni , Damar Ario
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTMangrove ecosystem in some regions of the Bintan Bay has suffered damage due to development of human settlements, developing of land transport infrastructure, and also logging by the community. The aim of this study was to assess the level of damage, factors affecting the damage, and to calculate the estimated value of claims for damaged mangrove ecosystem in the Bintan Bay, Bintan District. The results showed that mangrove vegetation in Bintan Bay consists of 16 species. Based on the analysis of standard criteria and guidelines for mangrove destruction KEPMENLH 201, 2004, the quality of mangroves in Bintan Bay was considered in a good criteria (very dense and medium) and damaged criteria (rare). The observation of satellite images from 1990 to 2013 showed that mangrove area decreased by 501.39 hectares or 27.1%. Contributing factor due to the decrease of mangrove trees was to fuel the manufacture of charcoal, construction of infrastructures such as roads, ports of fishing boats and also the establishment of the fish pond. Based on rehabilitation application scenario for 15 years, the total area of compensated mangrove due to its damage was 1091.727 hectares with rehabilitation cost of about Rp 30.372.391.000,00. Meanwhile, for 30 years scenario rehabilitation, the total damage mangrove area that should be compensated was 1743.406 hectares.  Keywords : Bintan Bay, mangrove ecosystem, estimated value damage claims
BIOLOGICAL BASE OF SKIPJACK AS THE FOUNDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE
Authors: Karman Amirul , Martasuganda Sulaeman , A. Sondita M. Fedi , Baskoro Mulyono S.
Published: January 2018

Skipjacks in the western and southern waters of North Maluku Province were caught using pole and line with FADs. Skipjack usually swims near the surface water and  tends to be classified as a juvenile skipjack that caught during fishing activities. The study objective was to analyze biological data of skipjack including length weight  relationship, growth, length at first maturity/lm and catch size, size composition and gonad maturity. Skipjack samples were caught in the waters of the western (zone A) and southern (zone b) areas of North Maluku Province, from April 2012 until May 2013. The sudy results show the value bof  skipjack caught around FADs  at zone A and B were similar as b=3. This indicates that the growth of skipjack in both areas was categorized as in isometric pattern. L∞  of skipjack caught at zone A  was 75 cm at the age of 56 months and  at zone B was 76 cm at the age of 56 months. Lm value skipjack caught in zone A and zone B was obtained by 43 cm, with a range of long-forked skipjack caught in zone A from 26.0 to 72.0 cm, and at zone B from 26- to 71 cm , The gonad maturity at zone A and  B, was obtained in  the similar stages as  maturity stages I, II, III,IV, and V. TKG V of the skipjack caught around FADs zone A is found in March and B in July, so it can be presumed skipjack in two zones throughout the year with peak spawning occurs in March for zone A and  B in July.Keywords: Biological base, skipjack, fishery management, North Maluku
TOTAL HEMOCYTES, GLUCOSE HEMOLYMPH, AND PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF SPINY LOBSTER Panulirus homarus CULTURED IN THE INDIVIDUAL COMPARTMENTS SYSTEM
Authors: Pratiwi Rifqah , Supriyono Eddy , Widanarni .
Published: January 2018

Cannibalism can cause high mortality in a lobster culture. To prevent cannibalism, an artificial shel-ter is needed like the individual compartments system (ICS) to ensure that there is no contact bet-ween lobsters. This study aimed to evaluate the application of ICS on total hemocytes glucose hemo-lymph, production performance, and determine the shape of more effective ICS to minimize stress level of lobster. The treatments used for various application shape of ICS was tubular ICS, triangle ICS, square ICS, and shelter PVC pipes as control. Lobster maintenance was conducted in outdoor for 60 days. The results indicated that physiological responses with square ICS treatment were more effective to reduce stress level compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Application of ICS was more optimal to improved SR (p<0.05) and growth of lobster (p>0.05). Overall, treatment of square ICS was opti-mal related to production performance i.e. SR 88.89±5.24%, SGR 0.61±0.49%/day, with harvest size of total length 137.31±8.11 mm/ind, weight 58.83±4.78 g/ind, and FCR 22.71±1.72. Application of ICS in lobster culture was effective to reduce stress level as indicated from total hemocytes and gluco-se hemolymph, and support optimal production performance. Lobster culture using a square ICS sha-pe was effective to minimize stress level, compared with tubular ICS and triangle ICS.Keywords:   cannibalism, glucose, hemocytes, individual compartments system, lobster, production
DEGRADATION OF REEF FISH CATCH AS AN EFFECT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES IN GILI SULAT AND GILI LAWANG WATERS, EAST LOMBOK
Authors: Mustaruddin . , Savalas Lalu R. T. , Saptoriantoro Pandu
Published: January 2018

The development of tourism activities in industrial scale since 2004 in the region of Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang have caused problem to local fishermen for catching reef fish. The objective of this research was to analyse the preeminent fishing gears of reef fish, the contamination types of tourism industries to fishing ground, and the degradation pattern of reef fish catch as an effect of tourism industry activities. The method used in this research was scoring method, quality standard test of water to fishery activities, and exponential regression model. The results showed that preeminent fishing gears of reef fish in the region of Gili Sulat and Gili Lawang were handline (Fgab = 2.000) and fish trap (Fgab = 1.556). The contamination types of tourism industries which bothering fishing ground of reef fish were total suspended solid (TSS), garbage, detergent, and timbal (Pb). The degradation pattern in quantity of reef fish catch (Y1) by activities of tourism industry (X) was formulated with moel Y1 = 31.574e-0.305X (R2=0.403, p=0.000). The degradation pattern of reef fish catch by activities of tourism industry (X) in the form of value of reef fish catch (Y2) and figuring waste in reef fishing (Y3) was formulated with model Y2=474823e-0.236X (R2=0.206, p=0.012), and Y3=1.296e0.329X (R2=0.071, p=0.156).
WATERS CARRYING CAPACITY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SEAWEED CULTURE OF Eucheuma cottonii IN LUWU AND PALOPO DISTRICTS, BONE BAY, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Waluyo . , Yonvitner . , Riani Etty , Arifin Taslim
Published: January 2018

In seaweed Eucheuma cottonii cultures, a water carrying capacity is an important factor to optimize the seaweed culture. Carrying capacity can be determined by an ecological footprint production (EFp) analysis. This research was conducted in May 2015 (1st transitional season) and September 2015 (2nd transitional season) in Luwu and Palopo distircts, South Sulawesi. Map and land use were analyzed using GIS (Geographic Information Systems). The result showed that the ecological foot-print production (EFP) in Luwu waters was 67.88 ton/capita/year or equivalent to 235,823.93 tons/ year. However, based on the analysis of the water availability for seaweed was 59,781.79 hectares, it can produce seaweed (biocapacity) for 1,437,779.60 tons/year and the number of farmers that allows for use the waters is 21,432 capita. The ecological footprint  production (EFp) in Palopo waters is 3.08 ton/capita/year, or equivalent to 4,589.99 tons/year. Water availability analysis is 1,771. 41 hectares are able to produce seaweed (biocapacity) for  18,287.46 ton/year and the number of far-mers that allows for use the waters is 635 farmers capita. The results comparison between biocapa-ci-ty and ecological footprint, ecological status for  Luwu and Palopo waters are still in sustainable use.
LINK OF Pharella acutidens ABUNDANCE AND MANGROVE HABITAT IN CEMPI BAY, DOMPU REGENCY, WEST NUSA TENGGAR
Authors: Dermawan Awan , Setyobudiandi Isdradjat , Krisanti Majariana
Published: January 2018

Pharella acutidens clam is a bivalve lives in mangrove ecosystem substrate, that is one of protein source for Dompu’s people. the existence of pharella acutidens in Cempi Bay, Dompu begin difficult to collect due to mangrove area has been reduced by result of land conversion from mangrove ekosistem area to estuary aquaculture pond and mangrove timber exploitation by local community as well as the Pharella acutidens routin exploitation, these factor may has influenced the existence of Pharella acutidens clam in the Cempi Bay mangrove ecosystem. This study aims to determine the condition of the Pharella acutidens clams located in the mangrove ecosystem Cempi bay, which in is an abundance on different conditions mangrove vegetation an abundance of Pharella acutidens clams tended more on high density and high basal area sites as well as the size of the clams. Varied habitats, from the density of 1.333 trees/ha up to 3.300 trees/ha, the basal area and the diverse species of mangrove, making this study an interesting thing  This journal is part of the research that explains positive influence between total basal area of mangrove vegetation (∑Ci) and abundance of Pharella acutidens, by simple regression analysis. The result showed that total basal area of mangrove vegetation (∑Ci) positively influencing abundance of P. acutidens clams with equation y = 0,3038x + 3,887 and R2 = 0,9579.
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MACROALGA Gracilaria sp. IN BATCH SYSTEM TO PRODUCE BIO-METHANE
Authors: Kawaroe Mujizat , Hasanudin Udin , Krisye .
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to determine the potential of bio-methane produced by Gracilaria sp. in a batch system. The experiment was conducted in batch system and it was initiated by acclimatization process (12 days) and ended methane production process (30 days). The results showed that biochemical properties of Gracilaria sp.  are carbohydrate 65.46 ± 0.58%, lignin 13.20 ± 2.23%, TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 33.39 ± 0.23%, Nitrogen 1.12 ± 0.01%, and C/N ratio 29.82. Acclimatization proceeded successfully and it was indicated by 62.7 L biogas of 4.025 L of substrate Gracilaria sp. produced within a pH range of 6.2 - 7.1. The batch method of anaerobic biodegradation showed that 4 kg of Gracilaria sp. can produced 131.1 L of biogas containing methane and 46.7 L or 11.6 L CH4 /kg.
APPLICATION OF UNDERWATER PHOTO TRANSECT METHOD TO UNDERSTAND CORAL REEFS COVER IN POMBO ISLAND, MALUKU
Authors: Adji Arif Seno , Indrabudi Terry , Alik Robert
Published: January 2018

Methods to understand coral reefs health are increasingly diverse. One of the promising method is georeferenced photo transect. In this method, a diver took benthic community photos using a camera installed or connected with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, so that each photo taken has a geographic coordinate on it. This spatial information is very useful for monitoring coral reefs health. The purpose of this research is to understand coral reefs cover in Pombo Island, Maluku by using georeferenced photo transect method. Field data collection was done in April 2015 with 14 transect lines. Overall of 14 transect lines, 3 transects are in Good category, other 3 transects are in Pretty Good category, and the rest of 8 transects are in Not Good category. Coral species commonly found around transect lines are Porites lutea, Porites lobata, Acropora valenciennesi, Acropora hyacinthus, Turbinaria mesenterina, Stylophora pistillata, Mycedium elephantotus, Acropora latistella
ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND COMPOUND COMPOSITION IN THE SEA CUCUMBER Bohadschia sp. EXTRACT
Authors: Rasyid Abdullah
Published: January 2018

Bohadschia sp. is one of the sea cucumber species that has potential to be developed as a source of antibacterial from the sea. Samples of sea cucumber Bohadschia sp. used in this study collected from the Ratai bay waters, Lampung. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity and compound composition analysis containing in the sea cucumber extract. Identification of secondary metabolites by observation of color reactions, precipitation and foam. The method used to antibacterial activity test was the agar diffusion method, while identification of the composition of compounds performed with Gas Chromatogaphy-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method.Top of FormThe results showed that the type of secondary metabolites contained in the extract of sea cucumber Bohadschia sp. were steroids and saponins. The extract of sea cucumber Bohadschia sp. showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio eltor. Results of GC-MS were 12 compounds and have a similarity index same or more than 90%. All compounds consist of organosilicon cyclic, fatty acid, steroid, cyclo alkene and alkena. The compound with biggest abundance was cholest-5-en-3-yl nonanoate (4.89%) and retention time was 37.370 minutes.
SUSTAINABILITY OF FISHERY POND POLYCULTURE WITH AND WITHOUT MANGROVE INTEGRATION
Authors: Dolorosa Eva , Masyhuri . , Lestari . , Jamhari .
Published: January 2018

This research aims to analyze the sustainability of two types of fishery pond polyculture of milkfish-tiger shrimp with and without mangrove integration on small-scale farms. Sustainability dimensions considered in this research included are the ecology, economy, social-culture, technology-infrastructure, and laws-institutions as the dimensions analyzed.  The performance of each aspect was analyzed by using Multi-dimensional scaling (Rapfish) and leverage analysis. The result shows that the current multidimensional sustainability status  of  the fishery  pond   polyculture  both  with  and  without  mangrove  integration was less sustainable  (sustainability index of 44.98 and 36.18 respectively). The result of leverage analysis indicates that out of 73 attributes, there were 16 and 23 sensitive attributes respectively that affect the sustainability of polyculture fishpond with and without mangrove integration. These attributes should be managed immediately in order to improve the sustainability index of fishery pond polyculture, this includes organic pesticides application, source of capital, the availability of seeds of milkfish and tiger shrimp, market location, selling price, waste treatment technology, availability of agribusiness facilities and infrastructure, aquaculture technology, information technology, standardizing the quality of fishery products, availability of micro finance institution and others.
Cu AND Pb CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER COLUMN AND PLANKTON OF DOWNSTREAM SECTION OF THE MUSI RIVER
Authors: Eka Putri Wike Ayu , Sunaryo Purwiyanto Anna Ida
Published: January 2018

A wide range of the Musi river usage such as agricultural, forestry, industry, residential, fishing and transport activities has created a heavy metal pollution isues. This research aims to know the concentration of Cu and Pb in the water column (suspended and dissolved) and also on planktons found at downstream of Musi River. Water and plankton sampling was carried out in January and May 2015 across five research stations. Cu and Pb in water and plankton samples were analyzed using the USEPA 30050B method determined by using AAS SpektrAA plus variant with air mixure flame – acetylene. The average concentration of dissolved Cu and Pb were varied from 0.003-0.005 mgL-1and 0.002-0.004 mgL-1, respectively. A higher value was observed during the suspended phase which came to around 8.60-31.79 mgKg-1 for Cu dan 21.23-61.5 mgKg-1 for Pb. Furthermore, Cu and Pb concentration in plankton were varied from 1.046-2.430 mgKg-1 and 0.673-1.283 mgKg-1, respectively.
CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN AREA OF EASTERN COASTAL WATER CONSERVATION WEH ISLAND SABANG
Authors: Najmi Nurul , Boer Mennofatria , Yulianda Fredinan
Published: January 2018

Coral reef ecosystem is important for coastal resources.Damage of Coral reefs resulted in de-gradation of population and fishes reef diversity. The East coast ofWeh Island in Sabang designated as conversation area that has aim to keep coral reefs from destructive utilization activites.The purpose of this study was to know the status of coral reefecosystemsmanagement in marine protected areaEast CoastWeh Island, Sabang and to analyze theattributessensitivelyfromthedimension ofecological,socio-economicand institutional sector.The methodthat used toknow the statusof the sustainablemanagementis RAPFISHanalysis.Dimensions oftheecologycan be known by measuring the coral growth used thePointInterceptTransect,reef fishabundanceusedUnderwaterVisualCensusFishmethod.Socio-economicand institutionaldimensionswill be collected through Focus Group Discussion(FGD) and help by questionnaires.Management status of coral reef ecosystems in the region of the East coast Weh islandmultidimensionallyindicatesthat it was quitesustainable.The most sensitiveattributeofthe managementisthe growth ofsaplings ofcorals,reef fishabundance,conflicts betweenfishermen,the public perceptionagainstthe abundance of fish, the role of the community, and the fishingmanagements.
HEAVY METAL Pb CONTENT IN THE SEAWATER, SEDIMENT AND GREEN MUSSEL TISSUE Perna viridis
Authors: Haryono M. Gandri , Mulyanto . , Kilawati Yuni
Published: January 2018

Accumulation of heavy metal Pb into the tissue can proceed through a food chain or environmental exposure. This study was to determine the content of heavy metals Pb in water, sediments and mussels (perna viridis). This research was conducted in March 2016, in the waters of Lekok Pasuruan at the three stations. TPI Station 1, Station 2 at the mouth of the Rejoso river and station 3 nearby PLTU 3. The water, sediments and green mussels (Perna viridis) samples were collected for Pb analysis using Absorpotion Atomic Spectrophotometer (AAS). In addition to the water quality such as salinity, temperature, DO and pH was observed. The results showed the highest Pb content in the water (0.4444 mg/l), sediment (23.8284 mg/kg) and green mussel tissue (1.5098 mg/kg) were found at station 2 (Rejoso river mouth). The Pb content in green mussel seemed to above safety level to consume.
BIODIVERSITY OF REEF FISHES IN MARINE PROTECTED AREA OF KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Yuliana Ernik , Boer Mennofatria , Fahrudin Achmad , Kamal M. Mukhlis
Published: January 2018

Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) has a high diversity of coral reef and fish. This study is aimed to analyze the biodiversity of reef fish in KNP. Field survey was conducted in KNP, District of Jepara, Central Java, in April-Juni 2015. Primary data was obtained by using survey and observation method,   includes the number of reef fish individuals per family, coral cover, turbidity, total nitrogen (N), and PO4. Secondary data were obtained from KNP authority. Belt transect method was used for counting the number of reef fish individuals, while coral cover was measured using line intercept transect (LIT) method. Abundance and biomass of reef fishes were analyzed descriptively, followed by cluster analysis. The results indicated that the average of coral cover in 2015 was 44.70%. The highest coral cover was in Taka Malang with 65.65% and the lowest was in Nirwana with 35.45%. The reef fish’s abundance in 2015 was dominated by Pomacentridae (60.46%) with an abundance of 14,850 no/ha, the second position was Caesionidae (11.77%) with an abundance of 2,892 no/ha, the third was Scaridae (6.27%) with an abundance of 1,540 no/ha. The highest biomass in 2015 was Scaridae (122.33 kg/ha), the second order was Caesionidae (104.91 kg/ha), and the third was Serranidae (50.80 kg/ha). Reef fish biodiversity in KNP is considering properly maintained, as demonstrated by high abundance and biomass of fish families.  Keywords: biodiversity, reef fish, Karimunjawa, marine protected area
BATHYMETRY CHANGES ANALYSIS IN SERANG DISTRICT WATERS CAUSED BY SEABED SAND EXPLOITATION
Authors: Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Husrin Semeidi , Prihantono Joko
Published: January 2018

Morphological changes. i.e. shoreline change and bathymetry change of Serang District were significantly influence by natural factors as well as human activities of sand mining (seabed sand exploitation). Bathymetric data were obtained through direct bathymetry measurements using Single-Beam Echosounder (Echotrac CVM Teledyne Odom Hydrographic) and GPS- Real Time Kinematic (RTK) as well as through secondary data from digitization data of DISHIDROS and LPI BIG. The data obtained is then processed to obtain the volume of moved bed sediment using 2 different topography overlays, from the bathymetry analysis result, we obtained the volume of natural sediment transported is 95,800 m3 with the value of average thickness is 0.036 m. therefore, the volume which is caused by human factors (sand mining activities during 2003-2013) is 5,578,470 m3 with the sand mining area extents of 261.9 Ha. Resulting the small basin with 2.13 m depth.  Keywords: bathymetry, lontar village, morphology, sand mining,                            coastal zone
INCREASE OF IMMUNITY CANTIK HYBRID GROUPER JUVENILES BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (LPS)
Authors: Roza Des
Published: January 2018

Disease is one of obstacle in fish culture. Immunity of fish against disease can be increased by using immunostimulant. The purpose of this experiment to increasing immunity of cantik hybrid grouper (cross breeding of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female with marbled grouper, E. polyphekadion male) to the diseases by using immunostimulant. Treatments were LPS cell walls of V. alginolyticus and commercial LPS was also used in this study, as a-control without LPS was used saline water (0.85% NaCl). The LPS was delivered by injection intra-muscularly with concentration of 0.1 mL/fish. This experiment was design by completely randomized with 3 replicates. Results showed that LPS were effective to increase titer antibody values and survival rates of cantik hybrid grouper. The titer antibody values of fish after 90 days rearing period were 128 (LPS from V. alginolyticus), 64 (commercial LPS), and only 4 in the control fish. The survival rates at the end of experiment were 88.67 ± 3.62% (LPS from V. alginolyticus), 85.22±5.93% (commercial LPS), and only 50.13 ± 6.11% in the control fish. Relative percentage survival of fish following challenged with live V. alginolyticus were 77.46% in the received LPS from V. alginolyticus cell wall and 71.12% in the fish received commercial LPS. It is suggested that LPS effective to increase immunity of cantik hybrid grouper against bacterial infection. Keywords:  cantik hybrid grouper, immunity, lipopolysaccharide, Vibrio alginolyticus
SEDIMENDT CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL WATERS AROUND INTENSIVE SHRIMP PONDS DURING WET SEASON IN PUNDUH BAY, PESAWARAN DISTRICT OF LAMPUNG PROVINCE
Authors: Paena Mudian , Suhaimi Rezki Antoni , Undu Muhammad Chaidir
Published: January 2018

The study was conducted using survey method. The sampling points were based on the distances from pond outlet toward offshore which were 25, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 m. Sample of sediments were collected using sediment grab then about 1-1.5 kg of samples were stored in plastic bags for analysis of pH, redox potential, carbon organic. The in-situ measurements were conducted for pH and redox potential using a pH mV and pH meter, probe HANNA instruments HI 8424, whereas other sediment quality variables were analysed under laboratory. The results of this study showed that the pH sediments were ranged between 6.38 – 7.80 with average of 7.36. Redox potential of sediments ranged between -186 to 72 mV, average - 88.39 mV. Carbon organic ranged between 0.30 – 9.85%, average 3.09%. Organic matter ranged between 0.30 – 9.85%, average 3.16%. Total nitrogen were ranged between 0.05 – 0.25% with average of 0.17%, phosphate were 8.62 – 187.71 mg/L with average of 88.43 mg/L. Based on the sediment characteristics, the sediments of Punduh Bay had been polluted by organic matters. Keywords: sediment characteristics, shrimp ponds, Punduh bay,                             Pesawaran district, Lampung province
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF FAAS FOR SR/CA CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS OF PORITES FROM AMBON BAY AND JUKUNG ISLAND CORAL
Authors: Ikhsani Idha Yulia , Dida Eki Naidania , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati
Published: January 2018

The ratio of Sr/Ca concentration in coral is usually used as paleothermometer. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) is an instrument, which is often used to analyze Sr/Ca concentration in Porites sp. The method is very sensitive and requires small amount of sample. However, the availability of this instrument is very limited. To deal with it, Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) is an alternative in order to analyze the concentration of various elements include Sr and Ca. The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of the analysis methods of strontium and calcium concentration in coral using FAAS and compared to ICP results. Sample of Porites coral was taken from Ambon Bay and Jukung Island. The strontium and calcium concentration were analyzed using Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The results showed that the average of ratio Sr/Ca in coral from Ambon Bay and Jukung Island were 8.71 and 7.708 mmol/mol. The monthly variation of  ratio Sr/Ca in coral from Ambon Bay were 6.28 - 10.24 mmol/mol, while in coral from Jukung Island were  1.005 - 10.914 mmol/mol. Result of  FAAS analysis was too broad in range compared to ICP, ie 8.462 - 8.807 dan 8.45 – 8.7 mmol/mol. The range was estimated due to the occurrence of strontium and calcium ionization reaction in flame of FAAS. Keywords: FAAS, coral, ratio Sr/Ca