bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophage Qβ Adapts Rapidly to High Temperatures: An Evolution Experiment
Authors: Hossain Md. Tanvir , Yokono Toma , Kashiwagi Akiko
Published: June 2020

Single-stranded (ss)RNA viruses are thought to evolve rapidly due to an inherently high mutation rate. However, it remains unclear how ssRNA viruses adapt to novel environments and/or how many and what types of substitutions are needed to facilitate this evolution. In this study, we followed the adaptation of the ssRNA bacteriophage Qβ using thermally adapted Escherichia coli as a host, which can efficiently grow at temperatures between 37.2 and 45.3 °C. This made it possible to evaluate Qβ adaptation to the highest known temperature that supports growth, 45.3 °C. We found that Qβ was capable of replication at this temperature; within 114 days (~1260 generations), we detected more than 34 novel point mutations in the genome of the thermally adapted Qβ population, representing 0.8% of the total Qβ genome. In addition, we returned the 45.3 °C-adapted Qβ populations to 37.2 °C and passaged them for 8 days (~124 generations). We found that the reverse-adapted Qβ population showed little to no decrease in fitness. These results indicate that Qβ can evolve in response to increasing temperatures in a short period of time with the accumulation of point mutations.
Orf Virus-Based Vaccine Vector D1701-V Induces Strong CD8+ T Cell Response against the Transgene but Not against ORFV-Derived Epitopes
Authors: Reguzova Alena , Ghosh Michael , Müller Melanie , Rziha Hanns-Joachim , Amann Ralf
Published: June 2020

The potency of viral vector-based vaccines depends on their ability to induce strong transgene-specific immune response without triggering anti-vector immunity. Previously, Orf virus (ORFV, Parapoxvirus) strain D1701-V was reported as a novel vector mediating protection against viral infections. The short-lived ORFV-specific immune response and the absence of virus neutralizing antibodies enables repeated immunizations and enhancement of humoral immune responses against the inserted antigens. However, only limited information exists about the D1701-V induced cellular immunity. In this study we employed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligandomics and immunogenicity analysis to identify ORFV-specific epitopes. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry we detected 36 ORFV-derived MHC I peptides, originating from various proteins. Stimulated splenocytes from ORFV-immunized mice did not exhibit specific CD8+ T cell responses against the tested peptides. In contrast, immunization with ovalbumin-expressing ORFV recombinant elicited strong SIINFEKL-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response. In conclusion, our data indicate that cellular immunity to the ORFV vector is negligible, while strong CD8+ T cell response is induced against the inserted transgene. These results further emphasize the ORFV strain D1701-V as an attractive vector for vaccine development. Moreover, the presented experiments describe prerequisites for the selection of T cell epitopes exploitable for generation of ORFV-based vaccines by reverse genetics.
A Phase 1 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Safety, Immunogenicity and Genetic Stability of a New Potential Pandemic H7N9 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Healthy Adults
Authors: Kiseleva Irina , Isakova-Sivak Irina , Stukova Marina , Erofeeva Marianna , Donina Svetlana , Larionova Natalie , Krutikova Elena , Bazhenova Ekaterina , Stepanova Ekaterina , Vasilyev Kirill , Matyushenko Victoria , Krylova Marina , Galatonova Julia , Ershov Aleksey , Lioznov Dmitry , Sparrow Erin Grace , Torelli Guido , Rudenko Larisa
Published: June 2020

This study describes a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in healthy adults of a new potential pandemic H7N9 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) based on the human influenza virus of Yangtze River Delta hemagglutinin lineage (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03739229). Two doses of H7N9 LAIV or placebo were administered intranasally to 30 and 10 subjects, respectively. The vaccine was well-tolerated and not associated with increased rates of adverse events or with any serious adverse events. Vaccine virus was detected in nasal swabs during the 6 days after vaccination or revaccination. A lower frequency of shedding was observed after the second vaccination. Twenty-five clinical viral isolates obtained after the first and second doses of vaccine retained the temperature-sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypic characteristics of LAIV. There was no confirmed transmission of the vaccine strain from vaccinees to placebo recipients. After the two H7N9 LAIV doses, an immune response was observed in 96.6% of subjects in at least one of the assays conducted.
Artificial Satisfaction - The Brother of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gajawada Satish , Mustafa Hassan M. H.
Published: June 2020

John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24,2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. The term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined by him(Wikipedia, 2020). Satish Gajawada (March 12, 1988 – Present) is an Indian Independent Inventor and Scientist. He coined the term “Artificial Satisfaction” in this article (Gajawada, S., and Hassan Mustafa, 2019a). A new field titled “Artificial Satisfaction” is introduced in this article. “Artificial Satisfaction” will be referred to as “The Brother of Artificial Intelligence” after the publication of this article. A new algorithm titled “Artificial Satisfaction Algorithm (ASA)” is designed and implemented in this work. For the sake of simplicity, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm is modified with Artificial Satisfaction Concepts to create the“Artificial Satisfaction Algorithm (ASA).” PSO and AS Aalgorithms are applied on five benchmark functions. A comparision is made between the results obtained. The focus of this paper is more on defining and introducing “Artificial Satisfaction Field” to the rest of the world rather than on implementing complex algorithms from scratch.
Beta Generalization of Stancu-Durrmeyer Operators Involving a Generalization of Boas-Buck Type Polynomials
Authors: İÇÖZ Gurhan , ERYİĞİT Hatice
Published: June 2020

We deal with beta generalization of Stancu-Durrmeyer operators via a generalization of Boas-Buck type polynomials with the help of analytic functions. Approximation properties are investigated and convergence results are obtained for the operators.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of Ethanol Extract of Geodorum attenuatum Griff. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: VAN Hong Thien , BUI Thi Ngan Ha , MAI Yen Hoa , NGUYEN Minh Nhat Hao , PHAM Tan Viet , LE Van Son , DOAN Van Dat , QUOC Le Pham Tan
Published: June 2020

Geodorum attenuatum has been found in Thailand, China, India and Vietnam, however, the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of G. attenuatum have not been studied yet. In this study, the phytochemical composition of ethanol extract of G. attenuatum tuber was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaluated its antibacterial activity of ethanol extract via disk diffusion test. 9 compounds in ethanol extract of G. attenuatum tuber were identified, such as disaccharide, oxoheneicosanoic acid, shikimic acid, chlorogenic acid, 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol, azafrin, 5,6,7-trihydroxyfavone, 2,3-isopropylidene-1-oleoyl-glycerol and trans-docosanoyl ferulate. Moreover, it’s been proved that the ethanol extract of G. attenuatum tuber could inhibit the growth of B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus.
An Adaptive Time Filter Based Finite Element Method for the Velocity-Vorticity-Temperature Model of the Incompressible Non-Isothermal Fluid Flows
Authors: AKBAŞ Mine
Published: June 2020

This paper studies a velocity-vorticity-temperature (VVT) model of the Boussinesq equations and introduces a numerical method for solving that. The proposed numerical method adds separate three minimally intrusive steps, one for each fluid variable, except pressure, to the standard semi-implicit backward-Euler (BE) approximation of VVT-model. The key idea in these intrusive steps is to post-process the BE approximate solutions with 2-step, second order, linear time filters. The paper provides full mathematical analysis of the proposed numerical method, and two numerical experiments for that. The first numerical experiment verifies the predicted convergence rates while the second one shows the effectiveness of the method on a benchmark problem.
Selected Aspects of the Pre- and Post-Match Rituals of Female Football Players
Authors: Rutkowska Katarzyna , Rut Anna
Published: June 2020

Rituals are an interdisciplinary subject. They can carry many meanings and have different values for the person who performs them or believes in super­stitions associated with them. Rituals are mysterious and intriguing, and thus more interesting as an area of scientific study. Observation of the sports com­munity shows that ritualization applies not only to the ceremony itself, but also to the behavior and performance of individual players, especially dur­ing the pre-match period. This awareness prompted research and discussion on the place/role of rituals in the mental and physical preparation of athletes.

The study included 62 female football players playing in Polish league competitions. They completed a questionnaire called “Rituals in Sport.” The aim of the study was to learn about the ritualized practices of players and their teams. The survey questions also concerned the subjectively felt relationship between rituals and the expected outcome of the match, among other things. The analysis of our findings confirmed that the female footballers’ pre-and post-match practices are ritualized. The scope, diversity, and multiplicity of meanings of the rituals performed by individual players reveal the significance of this interdisciplinary phenomenon.
Religious Motifs in Polish Contemporary Art Using the Crucifixion: An Outline of the Problem
Authors: Bigaj-Zwonek Beata
Published: June 2020

Sacred motifs have a long tradition in art and ample figurative representation. They have been present in the visual arts for numerous reasons, from the need to identify faith to artistic expression based on commonly-known truths and stories saturated with meaning. In the art of the twentieth century, Christian motifs were often an excuse to speak about the world, its threats and fears, and the human condition. Polish artists frequently availed themselves of religious symbols and systems in the post-war era, and during the political transforma­tion of the 1980s, they became a way to articulate uncertainty, expectation, and hope for change. Today, the religious trope is a pretext for artistic commentary on religion, social problems, and internal issues of the creators themselves. The article explores the causes and the nature of artistic practice rooted in Christian iconography in Polish contemporary art, with a particular emphasis on the motif of the crucifixion.
Cloudstrike: Chaos Engineering for Security and Resiliency in Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Torkura Kennedy
Published: June 2020

Most cyber-attacks and data breaches in cloud

infrastructure are due to human errors and misconfiguration

vulnerabilities. Cloud customer-centric tools are lacking, and existing

security models do not efficiently tackle these security challenges.

Novel security mechanisms are imperative, therefore, we

propose Risk-driven Fault Injection (RDFI) techniques to tackle

these challenges. RDFI applies the principles of chaos engineering

to cloud security and leverages feedback loops to execute, monitor,

analyze and plan security fault injection campaigns, based on

a knowledge-base. The knowledge-base consists of fault models

designed from cloud security best practices and observations

derived during iterative fault injection campaigns. Furthermore,

the observations indicate security weaknesses and verify the

correctness of security attributes (integrity, confidentiality and

availability) and security controls. Ultimately this knowledge is

critical in guiding security hardening efforts and risk analysis.

We have designed and implemented the RDFI strategies including

various chaos algorithms as a software tool: CloudStrike. Furthermore,

CloudStrike has been evaluated against infrastructure

deployed on two major public cloud systems: Amazon Web Service

and Google Cloud Platform. The time performance linearly

increases, proportional to increasing attack rates. Similarly, CPU

and memory consumption rates are acceptable. Also, the analysis

of vulnerabilities detected via security fault injection has been

used to harden the security of cloud resources to demonstrate the

value of CloudStrike. Therefore, we opine that our approaches

are suitable for overcoming contemporary cloud security issues
Introduction
Authors: Whalen Brian
Published: June 2020

The heft of this volume, one of the thickest that Frontiers has published, is an indication that research in study abroad continues to expand. The articles that appear on these pages were selected from among a record number of submissions and represent the growing diversity and sophistication of research in this field. Frontiers accepts for publication approximately 20% of manuscripts that are submitted, the lowest acceptance rate in its nearly twenty-year history. 

The editorial board appreciates greatly the work of the many manuscript reviewers who have dedicated their time in judging articles. Their expert analyses and recommendations are essential to Frontiers fulfilling its mission of being a high quality, peer-reviewed publication. 

This year marks a turning point for Frontiers. The editorial board has decided to transition to becoming an exclusively online publication beginning with the fall, 2012 volume. As readers know, past articles are available on the Frontiers web site for easy accessibility and at no charge. In the future, we plan to maintain this free accessibility and promote the web presence of Frontiers more widely to increase readership. 

Eliminating the hard copy of Frontiers is an environmentally responsible decision that will not only reduce paper usage, but also make the publication process more efficient. Both authors and readers will benefit from a speeded-up process of making articles available. Once accepted, and after making their way through the editorial process, articles will be uploaded onto the web site in a timely fashion. 

The transition to an exclusively online publication will not alter the quality of the content of Frontiers. The same peer review process that has been the backbone of Frontiers will continue to help assure that the articles that appear are relevant to advancing the field of study abroad. The editorial board has the same goal that it has always had: to publish the definitive journal in the field, one that informs and inspires colleagues to advance study abroad to new frontiers. 

Brian J. Whalen,

Editor Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad
Intercultural Development: Study Abroad Vs. On-Campus Study
Authors: Anderson Phillip H. , Lawton Leigh
Published: June 2020

This article presents a study based on a semester-long study abroad program in an English-speaking country. Some researchers have called for improved assessment of study abroad programs, while others suggest establishing a minimum standard for every program, including qualitative and quantitative measures. Therefore, if the goal is to assess whether improved intercultural development occurred as a result of students studying abroad, then this study’s results offer support that both the GPI and the IDI can fulfill this role.
Intercultural Competence and Language Variety on Study Abroad Programs: L2 Learners of Arabic
Authors: Palmer Jeremy
Published: June 2020

The issue of intercultural competence among students of Arabic has not received much attention in academic literature. The ability to comfortably thrive in more than one culture and language is certainly of importance for students in this age of global contact, exchange, and even strife. At a time of wars and frequent misunderstandings, cultural and linguistic tolerance and understanding between the Arab world and the West is paramount. Fortunately, more and more American students are signing up to study Arabic. Enrollments in Arabic at institutions of higher education in the United States increased 126% - more than any other language - between 2002 and 2006 (Furman, Goldberg, & Lusin, 2007). In order to understand Arabic language and culture well, it is generally accepted that students should spend time abroad in an Arabic-speaking country. The benefits of study abroad have long been praised (Carroll, 1967; Kinginger & Farrell, 2004; Berg et al., 2008). Contradictorily, however, there are not many American students who choose to study abroad in the Arab world each year (Gutierrez et al., 2009). 

            This paper presents the results of a research project that queried over 90 research participants who spent time on study abroad programs in the Arab world. These research participants completed an online questionnaire about their cultural and linguistic experiences abroad. This paper reports results pertaining to research participant difficulty in performing certain social and linguistic functions while abroad using an adapted instrument to measure acculturation from Ward & Kennedy (1999). The research participants were also asked about the amount of interaction in which they engaged with host nationals. Finally, research participants were asked about their use of Arabic language varieties. Results show that research participants were able to perform the social and linguistic functions with greater ease at the end of their study abroad programs. Results also showed that students who had exposure to spoken colloquial Arabic before arrival felt more acculturated at the beginning of their programs. Interestingly, research participants who interacted more with host nationals tended to speak more colloquial Arabic than the more formal variety. In addition, research participants in Egypt, Syria, and Jordan (to a lesser degree) had a greater desire to speak colloquial Arabic than those in Morocco and Yemen.
Analis Pengaruh Devidend Payout Ratio, Leverage, Firm Size, Volume Perdagangan, Earning Volatility, Dan Inflasi Terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Dalam Indeks LQ 45 Tahun 2014
Authors: Yulinda Eva , Astuti Triani Puji , Haryono S. T
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Dividend Payout Ratio, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Volume Perdagangan, Volatilitas Produktif, dan Inflasi terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham untuk perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Indeks LQ45 2014-2017. Populasi penelitian adalah 70 perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Indeks LQ45 2014-2017. Pengambilan sampel dari perusahaan multiguna 22 dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari halaman Bursa Efek Indonesia (www.idx.co.id), halaman Bank Indonesia (www.bi.go.id) dan www.finance.yahoo.com. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Berganda, uji normalitas, uji asumsi klasik yang meliputi uji multikolinieritas, uji autokorelasi, dan uji heteroskedastisitas, uji f, uji koefisien determinasi, dan uji statistik t. Hasil pengujian sedangkan secara parsial (uji t) menunjukkan bahwa variabel Dividend Payout Ratio, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Inflasi berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham. Volume Perdagangan Variabel berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham. Sedangkan Earning Volatility Variabel berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham. Dan variabel Leverage berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham.

Kata kunci: Volatilitas Harga Saham, Rasio Pembayaran Dividen, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Volume Perdagangan, Volatilitas Produktif, dan Inflasi.
СКРАЙБІНГ ЯК ОДНА ІЗ ФОРМ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ У КОЛЕДЖАХ МИСТЕЦЬКОГО ПРОФІЛЮ
Authors: Бойта Вікторія
Published: June 2020

У статті висвітлено результати дослідження скрайбінгу як однієї із форм роботи студентів, яку доцільно використовувати під час занять з літератури у мистецькому коледжі. З’ясовано зміст, значення поняття «скрайбінг»; визначено особливості викладання літератури у коледжах мистецького профілю відповідно до когнітивних особливостей студентів, а саме: глибоко розвинененої зорової пам’яті, образного мислення і творчих здібностей; обґрунтувано необхідність і специфіку впровадження у коледжах мистецького профілю такої форми роботи як скрайбінг для запам’ятовування, збереження і відтворення навчального матеріалу з української мови і літератури; досліджено вплив використання скрайбінгу на якість запам’ятовування навчального матеріалу з літератури на індивідуальні особливості студентів, а саме: полегшення сприйняття навчальної інформації студентами відповідно до їхніх когнітивних особливостей, поліпшення рівня запам’ятовування, збільшення точності відтворення інформації, зменшення обсягу часу, потрібного для запам’ятовування, підвищення навчальної мотивації, розширення творчих можливостей студентів, розвиток образної пам’яті та мислення, розвиток пізнавального інтересу в студентів до вивчення мови та літератури; наведено приклади використання скрайбінгу у практичній діяльності коледжу мистецького профілю; визначено перспективи використання скрайбінгу як однієї із форм роботи студентів під час вивчення літератури.
DIAGNOSTICS OF THE LEVELS OF FUTURE MUSIC TEACHERS’ INSTRUMENTAL-PERFORMING PREPAREDNESS TO INNOVATION ACTIVITY
Authors: Козир Алла , Лабунець Віктор
Published: June 2020

Study aim: to study the level of future Music teachers’ instrumental-performing preparedness to innovation activity in order to determine the ways of its optimization.Material and methods: The pedagogical experiment was carried out at the Institute of Arts of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and at the South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University after K.D. Ushynsky. 326 students of Bachelor degree specializing in Music took part in the diagnostic experiment aimed to define the level of their instrumental-performing readiness to perform innovation activity. Results: The criteria to define the formed level of future Music teachers’ readiness to perform innovation activity have been developed: motivation-value; competence-orientation; reflexive-empathy; creative-technological; projective-activity. In accordance with the developed component structure and criteria of instrumental and performing training of future Music teachers, 3 levels of students’ preparedness to perform innovation activity have been described: high, medium and low levels. The statistical data showed the insufficient level of the students’ preparedness for instrumental-performing innovation activity.Conclusions: The results prove the need to make the model for preparing future Music teachers to innovative instrumental-performing activity.
Pengaruh Musim Beranak Terhadap Produksi Susu Sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) di BPTSP-HMT Lembang
Authors: Wicaksana Kunaifi
Published: June 2020

This research was aimed to analyze the influence of breeding season on the production of Frisian Holstein (FH) cattle milk. This research used secondary data covering milk production data of 81 lactation FH cattle and seasonal data (rainfall, temperature, humidity, and THI). The data is tabulated to yield the total data of each variable. Data obtained from each observed variables were analyzed using a t-test using the SAS program. Based on t-test, the results showed no significant effect on average milk production at rainy dan dry season during lactation periods of L1, L2, and L3. Our experiment suggested that season of calving showed no differences on milk production of FH dairy cattle during lactation periods of L1, L2, and L3. Conclusions in this research show that seasonal differences do not affect the diversity of milk production.

Keywords: dry season, Friesian Holstein, milk production, rainy
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza) dalam Ransum Terhadap Efisiensi Pakan Sapi Peranakan Simmental
Authors: Wati Novi Eka , Yusuf Mashuri
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study was to know the effect of Curcuma xanthorhiza as herbal feed additive in the rations on dry matter consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency and feed cost pergain of Simmental cross cattle. The research was conducted at PGS. Joe Cipir Jati Indah Village, Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung Regency. The experimental used 12 male Simmental Cross Cattle with an average body weight of 166.25 ± 6.27 kg. The study used a quantitative method with a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. They were fed a complete feeding with control rations + 0% temulawak flour (P0), control ration + 1.5% temulawak flour (P1) and control ration + 3% temulawak flour (P2). The control ration is the usual ration given by farmers every day containing 8.35% crude protein and 59.63% TDN. The study was conducted for 5 weeks, 1 week period of adaptation and 4 weeks period of data collection. The results showed that the addition of temulawak flour had a significant effect (P
Fundamentos teóricos para la planeación de estrategias de aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera
Authors: Romero Berenice Jaime , Castillejos López Willemira , Chávez Arellano María Eugenia
Published: June 2020

Este artículo se deriva de la investigación documental. Su propósito es identificar los principios propuestos por el constructivismo social que son propicios para fundamentar teóricamente la planeación de estrategias didácticas para el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera y, posteriormente, proponer y sustentar la pertinencia del uso del Sistema 4MAT para el diseño de dichas estrategias a fin de enriquecer los procesos educativos para el desarrollo de habilidades de oralidad, lectura, escritura y gramática en estudiantes de primer semestre de bachillerato.
The feasibility of high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage in Denmark: the Gassum Formation in the Stenlille structure
Authors: Pasquinelli Lisa , Felder Marita , Gulbrandsen Mats Lundh , Hansen Thomas Mejer , Jeon Jun-Seo , Molenaar Nicolaas , Mosegaard Klaus , Fabricius Ida Lykke
Published: June 2020

Heat storage in the Danish subsurface is gaining increasing interest for optimizing
the use of energy resources, but no deep heat storage facilities have yet been
established. As an analogue we study the Gassum Formation in the Stenlille
structure that is presently used for gas storage. This allows us to discuss geological
and technical characteristics of an aquifer relevant for heat storage in Denmark.
We develop a 3D model for a high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage system
using analysis of geological core data, sedimentological description, geophysical
data including well logs and seismic lines, as well as a finite difference model to
calculate the recovery efficiency, heat storage capacity and thermal breakthrough
time. Based on geostatistical methods we made three realisations and found similar
results for the three cases. In accordance with results from published simplified
models we found a high recovery efficiency of 70% after 4 years and 69% after 20
years, a high heat storage capacity of 1.8×1018 J, and a long thermal breakthrough
time of 66–77 years. These results reflect the excellent reservoir properties of the
Gassum Formation in Stenlille, characterised by a uniformly layered sand/shale
sedimentology, a high average porosity of 25% and a high permeability of 1000 to
10 000 mD of sandstone intervals.
Particle size effect in the mechanically assisted synthesis of ß-cyclodextrin mesitylene sulfonate
Authors: Menuel Stéphane , Saitzek Sébastien , Monflier Eric , HAPIOT Frédéric
Published: June 2020

Mechanically assisted synthesis of organic compounds has recently focused considerable attention as it may be unique in features to selectively orient the reaction pathway. In the continuation of our work on the synthesis of modified cyclodextrins (CDs) via mechanochemical activation, we sought to discriminate the contribution of supramolecular effects and grinding during the course of a reaction in the solid state. As such, we recently investigated the influence of the particles size of β-CD in the synthesis of β-CD mesitylene sulfonate (β-CDMts) in the solid state using a vibrating ball-mill. We were particularly interested in the role of the particles size on the kinetics of the reaction. In this study, we show that grinding β-CD reduces the particles size over time down to a limit of 167 nm. The granulometric composition remains rather invariant for grinding times over 1 h. Each type of β-CD particles reacted with mesitylene sulfonic chloride (MtsCl) to produce β-CDMts. Contrary to what could be intuitively anticipated, smaller particles did not lead to the highest conversions. The impact of grinding over the conversions was limited. Interestingly, the proportion of β-CDMts mono-substituted on the primary face significantly increased over time when the reaction was carried out in the presence of KOH as a base. The data series were confronted with kinetics models to get clues on the way the reactions proceeded. The diversity of possible models suggests that multiple mechanochemical processes can account for the syntheses of β-CDMts in the solid state. Throughout this study, we found that the reactivity depends more upon diffusion phenomena in the crystalline parts of the material than upon the increase in the surface area of the CD particles resulting from grinding.
Determining the Corticospinal and Neuromuscular Responses Following a Warm-Up Protocol
Authors: Painter Rhys , Pearce Alan , Rostami Mohamad , Frazer Ashlyn , Kidgell Dawson
Published: June 2020

Background: The effect of warming-up prior to exercise on increased neuromuscular transmission speed remains largely untested. Objective: This study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) to quantify neuromuscular transmission along the corticospinal tract (CST) before and after a warm-up protocol of the elbow flexors. Method: Using a single-group, pre-test-post-test design, 30 participants (20 male; 10 female; mean age 26.3 ± 7.4 years) completed four sets of bicep curls that aimed to increase heart rate (HR) and biceps brachii (BB) muscle temperature by a minimum of 40 beats per minute (bpm) and 1°C, respectively. Single-pulse TMS was applied to the primary motor cortex, and over the cervical and thoracic (C7-T1) areas of the spine to quantify motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and spinal evoked potentials (SEPs), respectively. Central motor conduction time (CMCT) was determined by calculating the difference in latency time of the onset of MEPs and SEPs. Peripheral motor conduction time (PMCT) was calculated following stimuli from Erb’s point to the onset of the maximal compound muscle action potential twitch (MMAX latency). MMAX time to peak twitch was also measured. MMAX amplitude was used to normalize the MEP to quantify corticospinal excitability. Results: Following the warm-up, significant increases in mean heart rate (44.8 ± 11.7 bpm; P < 0.001) and muscle temperature (1.4 ± 0.6°C; P < 0.001) were observed. No changes were seen in corticospinal excitability (P = 0.39), CMCT (P = 0.09), or MMAX latency (P = 0.24). However, MMAX time to peak twitch was significantly reduced (P = 0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown that exercise-based warm-ups improve neuromuscular conduction velocity via thermoregulatory processes that result in the onset of muscle contraction being more rapid, but not as a result of changes in the efficacy of neural transmission along the CST.
The Development of the Romanian Academic Research on the Academy of Economic Studies
Authors: SARBU Roxana , ILIE Anca Gabriela , DUMITRIU DAN
Published: June 2020

Interdisciplinary academic research is one way to improve education quality via research as this implies scientific development, incorporating high technology into academic processes as well as formulating innovation-driven processes and services. Having these objectives in mind, the current project seeks to act along two major directions: on the one hand, improving the quality of academic research, on the other hand boosting its efficiency and noteworthiness on a world scale. The first vista aims to strengthen academic research capacities, which must be achieved by having education processes meet knowledge-based economy exigencies. From the perspective of this research under discussion, this paper explores the effects of European integration on the quality of Romanian economic higher education in its positioning on the European educational market and the attempts to define its specific profile in the central and eastern-European area. The authors raise questions regarding the roles universities want to play in the future, regarding the awareness towards the needs of the institutions, the needs of the teaching and research staff and, mainly, the needs of the students. On a particularly aggressive market, it becomes necessary that Romanian academic research and higher education on the Academy of Economic Studies should reflect on the first lessons which the new status of the country's European Union membership gives to the Romanian prestigious universities.
Le management de la formation, employabilité et parties prenantes
Authors: AOULA ES-SAADIA
Published: June 2020

Les offres de formations professionnalisantes au niveau des établissements marocains de l'enseignement supérieur ont nettement augmenté depuis 2008.Par ailleurs, l'intensification du processus de la mondialisation et les mutations connues dans le monde du travail, ont induit des modifications de la relation de l'emploi. Cette derniêre est devenue plus complexe  exigeant des diplômés qualifiés, avec une três grande capacité d'adaptation et de flexibilité.
L'employabilité est devenue un objet complexe désignant non seulement une réinsertion aprês une période de chômage mais aussi l'accês et le maintien de l'emploi. Cette communication s'intéresse aux lauréats issus de la formation professionnalisante (licence ou master) en transition vers le marché du travailet s'interroge sur leur employabilité en posant la question centrale : dans quelle mesure le management stratégique de la formation impliquant les parties prenantes saillantes en interaction avec l'Etablissement de l'enseignement supérieur, peut contribuer à  une meilleure employabilité des lauréats ?
General cultural dominant in the training future manager of education
Authors: ШУМІЛОВА Ірина , ШЕРСТНЕВА Ірина , КУДЕЛІНА Ольга
Published: June 2020

Within the article, the peculiarities of the methodological, theoretical, methodical bases of general cultural competence of future manager of education and the ways of formation of it. The essence of general cultural competence of future manager of education has been defined; the content of its structural components (motivational-evaluative, cognitive, personal-reflective, procedural) and functions have been concretized. The scientific-methodical system of formation of general cultural competence of future manager of education has been theoretically substantiated and the effectiveness of its implementation in the process of professional training has been experimentally proved. This system contains methodologically targeted, structural and meaningful, technological and diagnostic subsystems. The criteria and indicators, the levels of formation of general cultural competence of future manager of education have been specified.
The novel visualization techniques of teaching Ukrainian literature in the secondary school
Authors: НАУМЕНКО Людмила , МУНТЯН Віталія
Published: June 2020

The paper is devoted to the problem of making educational process in the secondary school more interesting, productive, and effective by means of using visualization techniques of different formats: visual paper images, electronic and Internet resources. The aim of the research is to determine and characterize the most user-friendly visualization techniques suitable for teaching literature in the secondary school. The major attention is paid to the ways of diversification of imagery representation of verbal and factual information at the lessons of the Ukrainian literature. The authors dwell on such visualization techniques as: interactive book, cloud of tags, book trailer, lap-book, timeline, scribing, and comics. Each visualization technique is considered from the following points of view: a) essence and content; b) opportunity to be created and used with the help of tablets, mobile phones, PowerPoint, other gadgets or computer-added appliances; c) ways of application in classroom study; d) influence on attention, intellect, and memory of students; e) capability to stimulate the student’s learning activity; f) advantages and disadvantages; g) availability of Internet services which can be helpful for student’s creative activity (project, teamwork or individual). The paper opens a perspective for detailed study of the content and a set of instruments of computer programs and Internet services on the visualization of verbal information for their further implementation at the lessons of the Ukrainian literature.
Edukacja kulturalna studentów z niepełnosprawnością na przykładzie wybranych uczelni poznańskich
Authors: ГИСА Оксана
Published: June 2020

Jednym z zadań współczesnego polskiego systemu edukacji jest zaspokojenie prawa uczniów ze specjalnymi potrzebami fizycznymi do równego dostępu do edukacji wysokiej jakości, niezależnie od ich stanu zdrowia, miejsca zamieszkania. Pilnym celem na polskich uczelniach wyższych jest sformułowanie nowej filozofii podejścia do studentów z różnymi cechami rozwoju psychofizycznego, oraz wdrażania i rozpowszechnienia modelu edukacji włączającej tych studentów. Sztuka ma w tym procesie znaczny potencjał rozwojowy i edukacyjny. Celem artukulu jest przedstawienie na przykładie wybranych uczelni poznanskich uczestnictwa studentów z niepełnosprawnościami w przedsięwzięciach kulturalnych organizowanych przez biura ds. studentów niepełnosprawnych.
Ostracyzm – wykluczenie społeczne – niekorzystna sytuacja społeczna
Authors: НАЗАРЕВИЧ Вікторія
Published: June 2020

Artykuł wyświetla pojęcie wykluczenia społecznego – ostracyzm jako niekorzystną sytuację społeczną, który ze względu na swój charakter i cechy fenomenologiczne zawiera aspekty zagrożenia normatywnego rozwoju jednostki. Autor analizuje cechy i wzorce niezaakceptowania jednostek w środowisku społecznym, co przejawia się w działaniach mających na celu celowe wykluczenie jednostki z grupy społecznej lub procesów wspólnej działalności. Tworzone są psychologiczne mechanizmy powstawania tendencji do ostracyzacji, które polegają na: niedopuszczeniu członków grupy do dyscyplinowania nieprzyjętych, asocjalnych jej członków, rozwoju współpracy w przestrzeni współgrupowej; ukryty rodzaj zastraszania jednostki – agresja relacyjna; tworzenie negatywnej atrybucji przyczynowej, na podstawie własnej interpretacji możliwych działań ofiary, obserwując jej zachowania. Wskazano na współzależność powstawania negatywnej atrybucji, jej rodzajów i społecznego odrzucenia osobowości w przestrzeni międzygrupowej. Stwierdza się, że główną przyczyną zjawiska wykluczenia społecznego jest niedopasowanie zachowania jednostki do jej statusu społecznego, stereotypowych cech i już zdefiniowanych przez grupę ogólnie przyjętych norm.
Sexual scripts of persons with different types of sex education
Authors: ГУПАЛОВСЬКА Вікторія , АВРАМЕНКО Ольга
Published: June 2020

Thanks to the chosen methods we were able to investigate the features of three types of sexual education in the family: repressive, avoidant and expressive. Persons with a repressive type of sex education are the least sexually well-off, and their sexual scenarios are geared to compliance with existing rules (religious, ethical) and exclude pleasure. Respondents with the avoidant type of upbringing try to know everything in their own experience, thus filling in the lack of information, overestimating the number of sexual relations and their presence, they are dominated by a hedonistic and playful approach to sex without burdening themselves to build a healthy relationship, as well as the level of sex. Individuals with the expressive type are most capable of building a harmonious relationship, the most sexual well-being, and their sexual scenarios are flexible and diverse. Sex education is a powerful factor in shaping one's own sexuality and the way it is realized, which is reflected in the sexual scenarios chosen by the person.
Formation of the pedagogical image of a future teacher of New Ukrainian School
Authors: БОЛГАР Олена
Published: June 2020

The teacher is the key personality of the educational process. His professional qualities, philosophy, pedagogical image, attitude to the career and value system influence directly the formation of the student's personality, both professionally and socially. Especially important the image of the modern teacher becomes in the context of reforming the school education system implemented in Ukraine («New Ukrainian School»). The article deals with the relevance, main components and functions of such concept as «pedagogical image», also the innovation activity as an important component of the pedagogical image is analyzed.
Socioeconomic, Energetic and Carbon Impacts of a Large-Scale Model of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment in the Largest Brazilian Metropolitan Region
Authors: Neto Octavio Pimenta Reis
Published: June 2020

The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) by the Law 12,305 of Aug. 2nd in 2010, is the Brazilian initiative to manage the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in the national territory.
The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) is the largest Brazilian economic macro-region which generates 10% of all MSW in the country which is practically 100% treated in landfills, as suggested by the PNRS. However, its landfills are close to the exhaustion and build new ones collide with the lack of land availability in the region surrounded by water reservoirs. Areas far from the waste generation do not seem to be an economical alternative, due to high freight fee and requirements for environmental licensing.
MODELLING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AGILITY, LEAN, RESILIENT, GREEN PRACTICES IN COLD SUPPLY CHAINS USING ISM APPROACH
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Al-Tahat Mohammad , Lepkova Natalija
Published: June 2020

This study aims at identifying the key agile, lean, resilient and green practices that influence capability of
cold supply chain (CSC) using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique. Various measures of lean, green, resilient, and agile
practices in CSC were identified from previous studies and experts’ opinions. Contextual relationships between practice measures were
established via brainstorming session. Measures were then classified based on their driving and dependence powers. The results showed
that measures of lean, green, resilient, and agile practices in CSC can be organized in a six-level structural model. Moreover, highly
dependent measures at top level in CSC model are operational costs and customer satisfaction, whereas the highly driving at most bottom
level of this model are ISO 14001 implementation and government support system for green cold supply chain. Validity of CSC model was
assessed in three CSC firms; food, pharmaceutical, and Third Party logistics firms. In conclusion, measures emerging with higher driving
power and those with high dependence in ISM hierarchy contribute significantly to enhancing capability of CSC. The proposed ISM may support
decision makers in prioritization improvement efforts and achieving effective CSC.
The Birth Function for Black Holes and Neutron Stars in Close Binaries
Authors: Woosley S. E. , Sukhbold Tuguldur , Janka H.-T.
Published: June 2020

The mass function for black holes and neutron stars at birth is explored for mass-losing helium stars. These should resemble, more closely than similar studies of single hydrogen-rich stars, the results of evolution in close binary systems. The effects of varying the mass-loss rate and metallicity are calculated using a simple semi-analytic approach to stellar evolution that is tuned to reproduce detailed numerical calculations. Though the total fraction of black holes made in stellar collapse events varies considerably with metallicity, mass-loss rate, and mass cutoff, from 5% to 30%, the shapes of their birth functions are very similar for all reasonable variations in these quantities. Median neutron star masses are in the range 1.32–1.37

 regardless of metallicity. The median black hole mass for solar metallicity is typically 8–9

if only initial helium cores below 40

(ZAMS mass less than 80

) are counted, and 9–13

, in most cases, if helium cores with initial masses up to 150

(ZAMS mass less than 300

) contribute. As long as the mass-loss rate as a function of mass exhibits no strong nonlinearities, the black hole birth function from 15 to 35

has a slope that depends mostly on the initial mass function for main-sequence stars. These findings imply the possibility of constraining the initial mass function and the properties of mass loss in close binaries using ongoing measurements of gravitational-wave radiation. The expected rotation rates of the black holes are briefly discussed.
Influence of Coronal Holes on CME Deflections: Numerical Study
Authors: Sahade Abril , Cécere Mariana , Krause Gustavo
Published: June 2020

The understanding of the causes that produce the deflection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is essential for the space weather forecast. We study the effects on CME trajectories produced by the different properties of a coronal hole (CH), close to the ejection area. We perform ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations emulating the early rising of the CME in the presence of a CH. We find that, the stronger the magnetic field and the wider the CH area, the larger the CME deflection. The deflection reduces as the CH moves away from the ejection region. To quantify the deflection we propose a dimensionless parameter that depends on the CH properties. We show that a minimum magnetic energy region, responsible for the deflection, is associated with the presence of the CH near the CME. We establish a relationship between the CH properties, the location of the minimum magnetic region, and the CME deflection.
Ce que publier veut dire : réflexions autour de Pierre Guyotat
Authors: Brun Catherine
Published: June 2020

Censures familiales et appareils légaux de répression en ont tôt décidé : les textes de Pierre Guyotat, et la part de Guyotat à l’origine de ces textes devaient être enfouis, silenciés. Il fallait se placer « sur le seul plan de la littérature ». Au lieu de quoi, Guyotat a surenchéri en outrant ses figurations et accélérant le rythme de sa langue. Surtout, il a approfondi le sens et la portée de la divulgation : publier revient alors à lever le secret sur la collusion inextricable de l’œuvre et de l’existence, et oblige à les prendre ou les rejeter ensemble, simultanément. La nécessité vitale de l’œuvre est ce dont les censeurs, nouveaux et anciens, ne sauraient avoir raison.
Comment la censure mine la littérature chinoise
Authors: Wang Chaohua
Published: June 2020

La censure a été continue depuis la naissance de la République populaire de Chine, mais ses degrés et ses justifications ont varié. Aujourd’hui, le Parti communiste ne prétend plus incarner la vérité universelle. Chez les censeurs, le pragmatisme a pris le pas sur la doctrine. Les deux procédures principales de la censure consistent à isoler afin de contrôler et à contrôler avec flexibilité, afin de dépubliciser et de dépolitiser les effets sociaux possibles de la littérature. Cette flexibilité du contrôle s’étend également aux questions de contenu littéraire.