bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality: The bridge between medical education and clinical practice
Authors: Liu Yan-Quan
Published: September 2024

After perusing the paper by Kim et al , I discovered that this is an interesting manuscript and a successful study. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging and promising technology employed in the domain of medical practice and medical education over the past decade. In the era of big data, VR is constantly progressing in the fields of medical education and clinical diagnosis and treatment. As a novel scientific and technological tool, VR not only overcomes multiple limitations of the traditional medical teaching mode but also reduces the reliance on personnel and equipment. VR can simulate the real clinical situation, stimulate the enthusiasm of young doctors and nurses for clinical study, and simultaneously safeguard and promote medical safety and doctor-patient harmony. Favorable outcomes have been attained in clinical teaching and diagnosis and treatment activities. While enhancing the training conditions of medical cosmetics and elevating the level of clinical practice and teaching, the risks resulting from improper clinical diagnosis and treatment have been circumvented. All of this is evident and comprehensible.
Mid-term efficacy of the Cartiva synthetic cartilage implant in symptomatic hallux rigidus
Authors: Fletcher William R. , Collins Thomas , Fox Anna , Pillai Anand
Published: September 2024

Aims

The Cartiva synthetic cartilage implant (SCI) entered mainstream use in the management of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthritis following the positive results of large trials in 2016. Limited information is available on the longer-term outcomes of this implant within the literature, particularly when independent from the originator. This single-centre cohort study investigates the efficacy of the Cartiva SCI at up to five years.

Methods

First MTPJ arthritis was radiologically graded according to the Hattrup and Johnson (HJ) classification. Preoperative and sequential postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), and the activities of daily living (ADL) sub-section of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM).

Results

Patients were followed up for a mean of 66 months (SD 7.1). Of an initial 66 cases, 16 did not return PROM questionnaires. A total of six failures were noted, with survival of 82%. Overall, significant improvement in both objective scores (MOXFQ and FAAM ADL) was maintained versus preoperatively: 18.2 versus 58.0 (p > 0.001) and 86.2 versus 41.1 (p > 0.001), respectively. The improvement was noted to be less pronounced in males. Subjective scores had deteriorated since early follow-up, with an interval decrease in patient satisfaction from 89% to 68%. Furthermore, a subset of cases demonstrated clinically important interval deterioration in objective scores. However, no specific patient factors were found to be associated with outcomes following analysis.

Conclusion

This study represents the longest-term independent follow-up in the literature. It shows reassuring mid-term efficacy of the Cartiva SCI with better-than-expected survival. However, deterioration in scores for a subset of patients and lower satisfaction may predict ongoing failure in this group of patients. Additionally, males were noted to have a lower degree of improvement in scores than females. As such, ongoing observation of the SCI to assess durability and survivability, and identify predictive factors, is key to improving patient selection.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):799–805.
James L. W. West on F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Review Article
Authors: Blažek William
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: Over a twenty-five-year period, James L. W. West III was the general editor of the Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, an eighteen-volume series that was completed with the Variorum Edition of The Great Gatsby in 2019. His new collection of essays provides important insights into Fitzgerald’s professional writing career, the complexities of scholarly textual editing, and especially the creation and legacy of The Great Gatsby as we approach the 2025 centennial of its original publication.
750 nm laser based on an BaGa4Se7 optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Ma Yunfan , Kong Hui , Shao Hui , Zou Jierui , Liu Boyu , Wang Yicheng , Shi Bo , Li Fashuai , Wang Kejun , Chen Yuwei
Published: September 2024

The red edge effect of plants is extensively utilized in vegetation remote sensing, particularly by applying hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) technology. This technology effectively captures spectral information from targets together with range measurements by processing recorded waveforms in the red-edge spectral bands. Despite its widespread use, there is still potential for enhancing the tuning accuracy and the energy output of each channel. What we believe to be a novel nonlinear crystal, BaGa4Se7 (BGSe), has been employed to achieve laser output in the red edge spectral band with a wide tuning range and high tuning precision for the first time. Successful generation of laser radiation at 1512 nm was achieved, with an angular tuning resolution of 35.9 nm/°. When the pump light energy was 17.81 mJ, the energy of the 1512 nm near-infrared laser was 3.210 mJ, with a slope efficiency of 31.2% and an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency (pump to signal) of 18.0%. Subsequent pumping of the second harmonic generation crystal KTiOPO4 (KTP) with the 1512 nm laser output from the BGSe optical parametric oscillator (OPO) facilitated the generation of 756 nm red light laser output. Angle tuning of the BGSe OPO eventually enabled the tunable output of the red edge spectral laser ranging from 701 nm to 780 nm with output energy of approximately 2 mJ, which is several orders of magnitude higher than traditional supercontinuum laser source solution. Such improvement becomes a solid cornerstone for long-range HSL applications.
Freely tunable phase-locked dual-frequency microwave signal generation from injection-locked broadband optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Peng Di , Hong Weiquan , Xiao Hang , Han Ya , Huang Quandong , Qiu Shuoyang , Li Jianping , Xiang Meng , Fu Songnian , Qin Yuwen
Published: September 2024

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an injection-locked broadband optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) to generate freely tunable phase-locked dual-frequency microwave signals. When two single-tone signals inside and outside the passband of the electrical broadband bandpass filter (BPF) are, respectively, injected into the OEO, a phase-locked dual-frequency microwave signal with ultra-low near-end side-mode spurs can be generated from the OEO cavity. Therefore, one frequency of the output signal is equal to the frequency of the injected signal within the BPF, and the other frequency is equal to the sum frequency or the differential frequency of two injected signals. By changing the frequencies of two injected signals, two frequencies of the generated dual-frequency microwave signal can be arbitrarily tuned over the passband of the BPF. In our experiment, freelytu nable phase-locked dual-frequency microwave signals within the frequency range of 8∼12 GHz can be generated, where the side-mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) are more than 90 dB during the frequency tuning.
Highly Scalable Solid-core Inhibited-coupling Fiber-based Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor
Authors: Al Mahfuz Mohammad , Habib Md Selim
Published: September 2024

Advancements in plasmonic sensing require simultaneous detection capability that ensures large-scale detection with reduced losses. This paper introduces a novel solid-core fiber based refractive index (RI) sensor with an ultra-broad detection range. A single ring cladding with six circular tube is designed, and inhibited coupling (IC) light guiding mechanism is utilized between the core and cladding. Numerical analysis is carried out with extensive finite element modeling (FEM) through the combination of IC and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing technology. Our results show low loss of $<$ 3 dB/cm across the RI detection range from 0.98 to 1.61, peaking the wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 3000 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 120 RIU$^{-1}$. Our study also includes the investigation of the fabrication tolerance, fiber bending, and the use of alternative plasmonic materials, providing insights into the practical implementation capability of the proposed sensor. Our findings highlight the potential of the proposed sensor in emerging applications such as detecting air pollutants, biochemical substances, and DNA, paving the way towards bio-sensing within a lab-on-a-chip platform.
Phase analysis of biphoton joint spectra by interference between different SPDC sources
Authors: Hurvitz Inbar , Shukhin Anatoly , Vidro Leonid , Eisenberg Hagai , Arie Ady
Published: September 2024

In spontaneous parametric down-conversion, the spectral correlations between the signal and the idler are expressed by the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) function. However, in the standard coincidence measurements, the phase information of the JSA is lost, and only the square of the absolute value of the JSA is recorded, thus preventing full characterization of the biphoton state. Here, we present an experimental technique to investigate the interference of biphoton joint spectral amplitudes, unlocking new avenues in quantum photonics research. Our method explores phase-dependent phenomena within entangled biphoton spectra. This is achieved by simultaneously pumping two structured nonlinear photonic crystals and observing their interference, which reveals previously inaccessible effects with direct intensity measurements. We demonstrate the versatility of our technique by analyzing two types of joint spectra: one exhibiting a two-lobe shape and the other a three-lobe shape. Additionally, we reconstruct the joint spectral amplitudes for both scenarios and observe good agreement with theoretical predictions. These results pave the way for developing advanced quantum communication and information processing technologies using biphoton spectra.
Equity in the geographical distribution of general practitioners in Iran
Authors: Khajehnasiri Farahnaz , Mosadeghrad Ali Mohammad , Alibeiginejad Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2024

Background

The equitable distribution of workforce is imperative for achieving public health goals. This study was conducted to evaluate the equity of the distribution of general practitioners (GPs) in Iran.

Methods

In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, data from the Information System of Benefits for Iranians and the Iranian Statistics Center were utilized. The study population encompasses all GPs operating in Iran in 2022. To assess equity in the geographical distribution of physicians, the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were calculated using Excel software. Additionally, ArcGIS software was used to create a distribution map.

Results

The population of Iran and active GPs in 2022 were 85,874,000 and 67,852 respectively, resulting in an average of 7.9 active GPs per 10,000 people. The provinces of Yazd, Tehran, Mazandaran, and Fars exhibited the highest concentration of active GPs per capita, collectively representing more than 28% of the population and 37% of the active GPs. Fifty percent of the active GPs were women. The Gini coefficients for the provincial and intercity distributions of GPs were 0.08 and 0.2, respectively.

Conclusion

The distribution of GPs among provinces and cities was deemed fair and relatively fair, respectively. Iran has a lower ratio of GPs per capita than the European nations. Policymakers should pay more attention to the implementation of appropriate policies with the aim of increasing equity in the geographical distribution of GPs in the country.
Mountain sickness in altitude inhabitants of Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zila-Velasque J. Pierre , Grados-Espinoza Pamela , Goicochea-Romero P. Alejandra , Tapia-Sequeiros Gustavo , Pascual-Aguilar J. Enrique , Ruiz-Yaringaño Arturo J. , Barros-Sevillano Shamir , Ayca-Mendoza Jhon , Nieto-Gutierrez Wendy
Published: September 2024

Objective

Chronic and acute mountain sickness is known worldwide, but most of the available information comes from the eastern continent (Himalayas) without taking into account the west which has the most recent group located at altitude, the Andes. The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of acute and chronic mountain sickness in Latin American countries (LATAM).

Methods

A systematic search of the variables of interest was performed until July 8, 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of mountain sickness in high-altitude inhabitants (>1500 m.a.s.l) who lived in a place more than 12 months. These were analyzed by means of a meta-analysis of proportions. To assess sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed by including only studies with low risk of bias and excluding extreme values (0 or 10,000 ratio). PROSPERO (CRD42021286504).

Results

Thirty-nine cross-sectional studies (10,549 participants) met the inclusion criteria. We identified 5 334 and 2 945 events out of 10,000 with acute and chronic mountain sickness in LATAM countries. The most common physiological alteration was polycythemia (2,558 events), while cerebral edema was the less common (46 events). Clinical conditions were more prevalent at high altitudes for both types of MS.

Conclusion

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) occurs approximately in 5 out of 10 people at high altitude, while chronic mountain sickness (CMS) occurs in 3 out of 10. The most frequent physiological alteration was polycythemia and the least frequent was cerebral edema.
A proposed production method for astatinated (At-211) Trastuzumab for use in a Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Aneheim Emma , Bäck Tom , Jensen Holger , Palm Stig , Lindegren Sture
Published: September 2024

Astatine-211 is a nuclide with a short half-life of 7.2 h, that show promise for targeted alpha therapy of disseminated cancer. Despite nuclide production being straight-forward using a medium energy cyclotron and an uncomplicated target, not many cyclotrons are currently producing the nuclide. In this work we propose a stream-lined method to produce astatine labelled antibodies that enable production of clinical doses at other sites, remote from the nuclide producing cyclotron. Preconjugating the antibody prior to labelling, quick and efficient astatine recovery from the irradiated target in combination with optimized nuclide production logistics and an efficient synthesis for labelling are all key components to produce a clinical amount, > 300 MBq, of astatinated Trastuzumab.
Output speed control for hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission of tractor
Authors: Xi Zhiqiang , Luo Ziying , Cao Fuyi , Niu Lianbo , Xu Liyou
Published: September 2024

In order to improve the speed stability of tractors equipped with hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT) during field operations, the speed regulation characteristics, torque characteristics, and power diversion characteristics of HMCVT are analyzed. And a comprehensive control strategy for HMCVT output speed is proposed by analyzing the factors affecting the fluctuation of output speed, which combines engine speed control and displacement ratio control of hydraulic speed control system. This strategy adopts fuzzy control to regulate the engine speed to maintain the stability of engine operation. Moreover, adopting feed forward compensation control for speed compensation enhances the anti-interference ability of the hydraulic speed control system. And combined with model predictive control, adjust the swash plate swing angle of the variable pump to reduce the fluctuation of HMCVT output speed. By establishing joint simulation model, the effectiveness of the control strategy was verified using tractor acceleration mode and step load disturbance mode. The results show that the strategy can reduce the fluctuation rate of engine speed and impact degree, shorten the adjustment time, and improve the stability of tractor operating speed.
From general rejection to individual normalization: Ambivalences in discourses on intimate partner violence by young Spaniards
Authors: Ocampo Bernasconi Ismael , Espinar-Ruiz Eva , La Parra-Casado Daniel , Vives-Cases Carmen
Published: September 2024

Violence against women continues to be a serious social and public health problem all over the world, despite its high level of social condemnation. The aim of this study is to include the concept of ambivalence in order to analyze the perceptions that young people have of intimate partner violence (IPV). We conducted a qualitative study based on 20 semi-structured interviews with young Spaniards (men and women) who were segmented according to involvement or not in activism against IPV. A critical discourse analysis was performed based on situational, attitudinal and temporal ambivalences. The results show the presence of ambivalent discourses that express a high level of condemnation towards IPV and, at the same time, justify certain violent practices when considering the situational framework. This leads to discursive contradictions when considering jealousy in a couple’s relationship, the responsibilities of violence that women suffer and the social origin of IPV. These ambivalences are influenced by the social context, as those involved in activism against IPV express a more coherent discourse that does not justify or accept any kind of violence. Nonetheless, non-activists represent ambivalences in their attitudes towards IPV studied in this research. The results suggest the need to reflect on the strategies used with young people to eradicate IPV by considering the ambivalent nature of attitudes.
High overcommitment and low reward as potential predictors for increased depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide risk in German veterinarians
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Kathrin Angelika , Glaesmer Heide , Bahramsoltani Mahtab
Published: September 2024

Higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide risk have been reported for veterinarians in Germany. In this study, several demographic and job-related factors were examined to determine whether they could be considered possible predictors of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide risk. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among veterinarians in Germany. The demographic factors surveyed were gender, age, working status (employed/self-employed), income, field of work (practicing/non-practicing veterinarian), weekly working hours and community size. For assessing job-related factors, the Effort-Reward-Imbalance questionnaire (effort, reward, overcommitment), several subscales of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (quantitative demands, emotional demands, demands for hiding emotions, meaning of work, work-privacy-conflict, thoughts of leaving the job) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory were used. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed with the demographic and job-related factors as independent variables and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide risk as dependent variables, respectively. A total of 3.118 veterinarians (78.8% female) between 22 and 69 years (mean age 41.3 years) were included in the study. The factors used resulted in the highest variance explanation for depressive symptoms (57%), followed by suicidal ideation (34%) and suicide risk (23%). Low reward and high overcommitment were found to be the most important predictors of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide risk. Significant relationships with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide risk were also found for burnout, demands for hiding emotions, and thoughts of leaving the job. The results of this study point to opportunities for changes in the veterinary working environment, for the development of prevention and intervention programs for veterinarians, and for the further development of the veterinary curriculum to strengthen the mental health of veterinarians in Germany.
Promising antibiofilm formation: Liquid phase pulsed laser ablation synthesis of Graphene Oxide@Platinum core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Hasoon Buthenia A. , Hasan Dahlia M. A. , Jawad Kareem H. , Shakaer Saaud S. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Hussein Nehia N. , Mohammed Hamdoon A. , Abomughaid Mosleh M. , Ramesh Thotakura
Published: September 2024

The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria has rendered antibiotics ineffective, necessitating the exploration of alternative antibacterial approaches. Consequently, research efforts have shifted towards developing new antibiotics and improving the efficacy of existing ones. In the present study, novel core shell graphene oxide@platinum nanoparticles (GRO@Pt-NPs) and their unchanging form have been synthesized using the two-step pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique. The first step involved using the graphene target to create graphene nanoparticles (GRO-NPs), followed by the ablation of GRO-NPs inside platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs). To characterize the nanoparticles, various methods were employed, including UV-VIS, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), mapping tests, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. TEM data confirm the creation of GRO@Pt-NPs. The average particle size was 11 nm for GRO-NPs, 14 nm for Pt-NPs, and 26 nm for GRO@Pt-NPs. The results demonstrate that the created GRO@Pt-NPs have strong antibacterial properties. This pattern is mostly produced through the accumulation of GRO@Pt-NPs on the bacterial surface of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). The inhibition zones against K. pneumoniae and E. faecium when GRO-NPs were used alone were found to be 11.80 mm and 11.50 mm, respectively. For Pt-NPs, the inhibition zones of E. faecium and K. pneumoniae were 20.50 mm and 16.50 mm, respectively. The utilization of GRO@Pt-NPs resulted in a significant increase in these values, with inhibitory rates of 25.50 mm for E. faecium and 20.45 mm for K. pneumoniae. The antibacterial results were more potent in the core–shell structure than the GRO-NPs alone or Pt-NPs alone. The current work uses, for the first time, a fast and effective technique to synthesize the GRO@Pt-NPs by PLAL method, and the preparation has high clinical potential for prospective use as an antibacterial agent.
Why the Federal Breast Density Notification Law Marks a Turning Point for Women’s Health
Authors:   Volpara Health, Thomas Teri
Published: September 2024

September 10, 2024, marked a historic shift in women’s healthcare when the first federal breast density notification and reporting mandate went into effect. This means that now, all women in the United States will be informed by their providers about whether they have dense breast tissue after a mammogram.  While this law helps to inform women about their risks, it is just the beginning. We need to ensure that women can do something with this important information without facing financial or logistical roadblocks.
Hogyan kezelik a kkv-k az egyre nagyobb mennyiségben elérhető adatmennyiséget?
Authors: Nagy Konrád Ákos , Szabó Csege
Published: September 2024

A digitalizáció felmérésére a KKV-k álláshirdetéseit vizsgáltuk meg. Az ezekben megjelenő digitalizációs elemeket térképeztük fel, valamint ezek gyakoriságát. A profession.hu oldalon szereplő álláshirdetéseket gyűjtöttük ki automatikusan az Octoparse webscraping programmal. Az álláshirdetések szövege mellé a pozíció megnevezését, a cég nevét, az általánosabb munkaterületet, a munkavégzés helyét és az egyéb juttatásokat foglaltuk táblázatba. Így 4109 hirdetést tudtunk vizsgálni 2102 különböző budapesti vállalkozástól.
Az informatikai szakemberek erkölcsi felelőssége – Interjú dr. Göcs László egyetemi adjunktussal
Authors: Szabó Csege , Göcs László
Published: September 2024

Dr. Göcs Lászlóval, a Neumann János Egyetem oktatójával és elismert informatikai igazságügyi szakértővel beszélgettünk a kiberbiztonság aktuális kihívásairól, a technológiai fejlődés hatásairól, valamint a magyar vállalatok kiberbiztonsági tudatosságáról.
Jeremy Bentham: Prophet of Secularism
Authors: Schofield Philip
Published: September 2024

Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), the philosopher and reformer, pointed out that the original Greek term for prophet referred in its most extensive sense to a person who ‘speaks out’, and in a more limited extent to a person who ‘foretells’. Every politician who advocated a measure that he thought was beneficial, noted Bentham, was therefore a prophet. The term, however, had been appropriated by ‘religionists’, who had seized on its ambiguity to further their own schemes and projects.
Bentham turned against religion in his early teenage years. He came to advocate religious freedom and the abolition of all formal connection between church and state. Reluctant for many years to make his hostility explicit, by the 1810s he was ready to launch a sustained attack on religion and religious establishments. In ‘Not Paul, but Jesus’, a comparison of the teachings of St Paul with those of Jesus, Bentham offered a critique of the teachings of Paul, with a particular focus on the principle of asceticism (the doctrine that the right action is that which promotes pain and eliminates pleasure).
Bentham argued that Paul’s strategy had been to instil credulity in his followers so that they would believe anything he told them. Paul had gone on to attack activities that might divert his followers from following his religion, the most important being the pleasures of the bed and the table. Bentham argued that Jesus had not condemned such pleasures. The religion of Paul was, therefore, different from the religion of Jesus. Bentham proposed that all sexual activity that was consensual – whether with oneself, whether with partners of the same or the opposite sex, whether with partners of different species – should be made free from legislative interference.
La salud mental desde una perspectiva educativa o la salud mental desde una perspectiva de género y educación
Authors: Soto Zubillaga Salomé
Published: September 2024

Es lo primero, el principal foco de nuestras miras debe ir hacia ese horizonte. En tener una buena salud mental y que eso sea en lo que verdaderamente se centre nuestra atención, nuestro compromiso y nuestros cuidados. Si lo hacemos con nosotros mismos y además intentamos al menos no dañar la salud del de al lado, avanzaremos como estudiantes, como padres y como sociedad en general.
Educación y literatura, claves para una ciudadanía global
Authors: Mugni Elina
Published: September 2024

Nos proponemos entender la educación y la literatura como conceptos complejos y dinámicos estrechamente relacionados en el ámbito de la educación formal. De este modo, las siguientes líneas nos brindarán un acercamiento que permita verificar la interacción entre educación y literatura, así como las diferentes potencialidades que ofrece la literatura en clave para la EpDCG, siendo esta uno de sus pilares esenciales y la llave maestra para la construcción de una ciudadanía global.
PLASTIC DEFORMATION WITH OPEN STITCHING. WORK PIECE HEIGHT REDUCTION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L.
Published: September 2024

A theoretical analysis of the piercing stage, at which the height of the work piece decreases, is carried out. Formulas are obtained for calculating the dimensions and shape of the work piece corresponding to this stage.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ACCURACY OF DIAMETER MEASUREMENT USING SHOP COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES
Authors: Iskenderzade E. B. , Akhmedova Sh. V.
Published: September 2024

The possibility of increasing the accuracy of measurement using coordinate measuring machines is investigated. An increase in the accuracy of measuring the dimensions of parts is achieved by mutual compensation of the error that occurs in the CMM with the articulation rod due to the bending of the rod under the action of the applied force and the error due to the time drift of the CMM that occurred after calibration. Formulas are obtained for selecting the value of the force applied to a spherical probe in a CMM with an articulation link depending on the length of the measured part and the time elapsed after the last calibration of the CMM.
METHODS AND MEANS OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Mikaeva S. A.
Published: September 2024

An overview of the main contact means for measuring temperature is given and their comparison is made. Their key characteristics are described, as well as some application features. Possible examples of switching circuits are presented, as well as recommendations regarding their application.
THE TEMPERATURE FIELD THAT OCCURS IN THE CUTTING ZONE WHEN GRINDING WORKPIECES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF THE METAL OF THE SURFACE LAYER
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Priemyshev A. V.
Published: September 2024

The issues related to the temperature in the contact zone during flat grinding of materials, the propagation of heat flow in the contacting bodies, the influence of processing modes on the intensity of the thermal pulses that occur, as well as the effect of COL on the temperature decrease in the cutting zone are considered. The results of theoretical calculations of the temperature in the cutting zone during flat grinding of steels and their comparison with experimental results are presented.
SOLVING TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN CUTTING PROCESSING BASED ON THE LEGACY OF S. S. SILIN
Authors: Bezjazychnyi V. F.
Published: September 2024

The results of the author's scientific research, carried out using the theoretical provisions established by Silin S. S., on the technological support of the operational properties of machine parts, taking into account dimensionless complexes and criteria for the similarity of the cutting process, are presented.
CONTROL OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF RECIPROCATING MACHINES BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE UNEVEN ROTATION OF THE SHAFT
Authors: Elkhutov S. N. , Lavrik A. A.
Published: September 2024

The question of the use of vibroacoustic control to assess the technical condition of piston machines is considered. In most cases, the vibroacoustic method of non-destructive testing is based on the analysis of the vibration spectrum of the controlled equipment. Since the angular velocity of the piston machine shaft is not constant, the shape of the spectrum also changes, which complicates the application of this method of non-destructive testing. A hypothesis is proposed about the possibility of determining the technical condition of piston-type machines, based on the measurement of deviations of the angular velocity of the shaft depending on the angle of its rotation, without the use of spectral analysis, experimental measurements of the angular velocity of the shaft of a piston machine were carried out using a measuring device based on an absolute magnetic encoder. Experimental data have been obtained to identify emerging defects of the piston machine.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF OBJECTS OF AVIATION ENGINEERING BY METHOD OF DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY
Authors: Kosarina E. I. , Mikhaylova N. A. , Demidov A. A. , Suvorov P. V.
Published: September 2024

Digital detector systems are the most adequate replacement of radiographic film. Contrast, clearness and the relation signal/noise of the digital image – the parameters defining its quality, and for successful replacement of radiographic film with digital means the listed indicators should not be below the corresponding indicators of radiographic pictures. In article ways of improvement of quality of digital images by means of their filtatsiya and scaling by means of wavelet transform of signals are provided.
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ACOUSTIC STRAIN GAUGING OF SPLIT JOINTS OF LIQUID ROCKET ENGINES FOR SPACE LAUNCH VEHICLES
Authors: Klyuev V. V. , Bobrov V. T. , Bobrenko V. M. , Borisov A. A. , Kaloshin V. A. , Lyovochkin P. S. , Slyadnev A. M.
Published: September 2024

A review of the results of research, development and implementation of methods and technologies of acoustic strain measurement of split joints of liquid rocket engines for space launch vehicles is presented. A brief description of methods for measuring the incremental time of propagation of ultrasonic longitudinal waves and the ratio of longitudinal and shear wave velocities is given. The description of the developed and enacted GOST R 52889‒2007 “Non-destructive testing. Acoustic method of control of tightening force of threaded joints. General requirements”. Acoustic strain gauges, including those in regular operation at NPO Energomash, are described. A brief description of the specialized program “Acoustic Tensometer” is given, as well as a set of standard samples for performance control and preliminary adjustment of devices and calibration bench. The method of acoustic tensometry based on the ratio of longitudinal and shear wave velocities proposed by the specialists of NPO “Energomash” is described. The application of the method of acoustic strain gauge tightening of detachable joints, along with the improvement of the LPRD production technology, made it possible to completely eliminate leakage and leakage failure.
CHEMISORBENT PLATES ADSORPTION CAPACITY THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM DURING AIR REGENERATION IN SEALED ROOMS
Authors: Ryazanov, I. V. , Balabanov P. V.
Published: September 2024

The chemisorbent plates adsorption capacity thermal control method and system during air regeneration process (carbon dioxide adsorption and oxygen enrichment) in sealed rooms are described. The results of tests of the thermal control system when operating as part of a BHRV-K type installation (a unit for chemical air regeneration under conditions of free convection), where inert fiberglass matrices up to 4 mm thick with potassium superoxide deposited on them are used as chemisorbents.
IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF A HIGH-FREQUENCY EDDY CURRENT PROBE
Authors: Syasko M. V. , Soloviev I. P. , Solomenchuk P. V.
Published: September 2024

The paper considers the issues of finite element modeling of an eddy current probe designed to measure the thickness of a dielectric coating on an electrically conductive non-magnetic base metal. The quality criteria of the model are formulated and the requirements for them are presented: the precision and error of calculating the signals of the finite element model of an eddy current probe should not exceed ±(0.001h + 0.1) microns when the thickness h of the coating changes. To achieve this task, an analysis of the parameters affecting precision and error was carried out, the criteria for their assessment were justified and an approach to the problem of increasing the frequency of the finite element grid in critical places of the finite element model was formulated. To confirm the achieved characteristics, a real eddy current probe was manufactured, its characteristics were evaluated using a coating thickness simulator machine and measures of specific electrical conductivity. An algorithm for calibrating the signals of a real eddy current probe is presented, which is used to validate a finite element model.
ACOUSTIC EMISSION CONTROL OF DEFECTS IN THE AIRCRAFT WING ATTACHMENT ZONE IN FLIGHT
Authors: Sereznov A. N. , Stepanova L. N. , Kabanov S. I. , Chernova V. V. , Kuznetsov A. B.
Published: September 2024

The results of studies obtained while monitoring the structure of the Tu-134A aircraft in flight are presented. On board the aircraft were installed two four-channel blocks of the microprocessor acoustic-emission (AE) system STsAD-16.12 and two antennas, each of which was connected to one of the system blocks. One of the antennas consisted of four piezoelectric acoustic emission transducers (PAEs), and the other antenna used two PAE sensors and two fiber optic sensors (FOS). Signals from the PAE and FOS sensors were received at the input of the measuring channels of each block of the system, processed and digitally entered into the computer. Then a linear location was built, carried out by two AE sensors installed on the frame, and a total count of AE signals over time, recorded during the takeoff of the aircraft, during its flight and landing.
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL TESTING BY THE BOTTOM-ECHO METHOD
Authors: Markov A. A. , Antipov A. G.
Published: September 2024

The current regulatory documents do not take into account the peculiarities of rail monitoring by mobile flaw-detectors, are focused on compliance with the initially set parameters and cannot always provide the required reliability of defect detection. The issues of maintaining the required reliability of ultrasonic inspection under the influence of interfering factors at significant scanning speeds by adjusting the threshold level of defect detection are considered. When implementing the bottom-echo method of ultrasonic inspection, an informative feature is the amplitude of the bottom signal. When analyzing the envelope of the bottom signal amplitude, an important role is played by establishing a baseline level from which the magnitude of the amplitude decrease is calculated. To automate the process of decoding ultrasonic data of mobile flaw-detectors, a special algorithm for estimating the baseline level of the bottom signal has been developed, implemented in the corresponding software for automatic processing of acoustic inspection data.
ON THE PECULIARITIES OF REFLECTION OF SHEAR WAVES WITH LINEAR POLARIZATION FROM THE ROUGH SURFACE OF A CRACK
Authors: Danilov V. N.
Published: September 2024

The reflection coefficient of shear waves with SV- and SH-linear polarization from a statistically inhomogeneous surface consisting of scattering linear elements with a feature of their height distribution according to the normal law in a two-dimensional approximation is estimated. The estimation of the reflection coefficients in the reverse and forward directions is based on the calculation of the reflected wave energy flow propagating from an inhomogeneous surface averaged over the possible values of the height of the reflecting elements. It is theoretically shown and confirmed experimentally that the ratio of the coefficients of the reverse reflection of SH- and SV-polarization waves is significantly greater than 1, which provides better detection of cracks by SH-waves. The peculiarity of the behavior of the dependence of the coefficients of the reverse and direct reflected signal of the SV-polarization waves on the mean square deviation corresponds to the results of theoretical estimates. The coefficient of variation of the ratio of reflection coefficients shows the statistical stability of the direct reflected signal, which determines the feasibility of using such a signal to measure the equivalent area of the reflector.
THE USE OF PHASED ARRAYS AND THE DIFFRACTION-TIME METHOD FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF ANTICORROSIVE SURFACING INSIDE CYLINDRICAL HOLES (CHANNELS) WITH DIAMETERS FROM 42 TO 440 MM IN FORGINGS
Authors: Batov G. P. , Zharinov S. E. , Chernov V. S. , Yuryev A. E. , Polozyukov D. A.
Published: September 2024

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of anticorrosive surfacing for the quality of fusion with the base metal and the presence of subsurface cracks is mandatory for use in nuclear, petrochemical and other industries. However, the control of subsurface cracks in holes with a diameter of 42 mm or more is not provided for in the regulatory documentation. The experience of using the UT of anticorrosive surfacing inside cylindrical holes with a diameter from 42 to 440 mm in the forgings of valve blocks of underwater gas production systems is presented below. At the same time, phased arrays were used to control the quality of fusion of anticorrosive surfacing with the base metal, and the diffraction-time method (TOFD) of control by specially developed non-standard asymmetrical ultrasonic beams sensors was used to control the subsurface cracks.
SIMULATION OF THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF A HORIZONTAL-AXIAL WIND POWER PLANT
Authors: Tretyakov A. V.
Published: September 2024

We considered the results of modelling the operating modes of an electric power generation system of a horizontal-axial wind turbine. The system consist of an aerodynamic blades of a wind wheel connected by an elastic shaft to a generator through a multiplier. Engineering part of the automatic control system (ACS) is the mechanism of rotation of the blades relative to the angle of wind flow. A method for optimizing the main parameters: geometric, dynamic and ACS coefficients is proposed. The method allows a comprehensive assessment of the operation of wind turbines. The value of the average annual electricity generation was used as an optimization criterion. As a result, a deep optimization of the adjustment depth coefficient was carried out. Secondly, we investigated the system in dynamics. A stochastic wind model was used as a disturbing effect. We constructed the system by mathematic simulation methods. As a reference control algorithm, a direct linear dependence of the angular velocity of the turbine rotation on the wind speed with restrictions on the minimum and maximum values was used. Also we described the mathematical model of system and the initial results of the theoretical calculations of algorithms for controlling. The versatility of the calculation system makes it possible to use any aerodynamic profiles of the blades in its composition. The characteristics of aerodynamic moments for the calculation of force moments are obtained by converting Lilienthal curves as initial data for the considered aerodynamic profiles.
СONSTRUCTION OF AN OPTIMAL ROUTE FOR OVERFLYING UNPREPARED LANDING PADS
Authors: Evdokimenkov V. N. , Ermakov P. G. , Gogolev ( A. A.
Published: September 2024

The problem of constructing an optimal route for overflying unprepared landing pads by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) helicopter type in purpose to choose a useful unprepared landing to make an emergency landing is considered. The description of mathematical models that form the basis of the optimal algorithm of unprepared landing pads overflying is given. The decision to fly to an unprepared landing pad is based on the probabilistic criterion that considers the next following information: the probability of availability of an unprepared landing pad, the probability of failure of the UAV’s helicopter type onboard system, the error of a digital elevation map (DEM) positional information, the error of the UAV’s helicopter type coordinates information and the flight specifications of the UAV helicopter type.The comparison of the computational time of the algorithms of unprepared landing pads overflying is completed. The combined approach to find an optimal route for overflying unprepared landing pads depending on the computational time to solve it is proposed to use. The results of a simulation modelling of the proposed optimal algorithm for the estimation of its efficiency under conditions of variability of parameters of the probabilistic loss function are presented.
MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE COMPARISON BASED ON SIMPLICITY THEORY AND POINT COVERINGS MODEL
Authors: Vizilter Yu. V. , Brianskiy S. A.
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to development of new models and techniques for morphological image analysis and the simplicity theory. The normal fuzzy similarity models to describe the non-segmented data (images), which allow evaluating the image simplicity and its joint simplicity with shape, are introduced. Based on these fuzzy similarity models, the projective morphology for non-strict halftone shapes, which makes it possible to compare non-segmented images by the halftone shape, is designed. Some new techniques for non-segmented image shape comparison based on morphological correlation coefficients, as well as a posteriori and conditional estimates of simplicity, are proposed. These morphological measures of image shape similarity do not exploit the concepts of operator and projection, but just solely use the simplicity theory tools. It is demonstrated that the simplicity theory not only reproduces by its own means all the tools of Pytyev’s morphological analysis, but it also makes it possible to add the new morphological tools, which are really morphological by their spirit. In particular, the possibility for unified morphological comparison for all three possible cases – image-to-shape, shape-to-shape and image-to-image comparison – by shape as well as by complexity is provided.
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOMETRIC METHODS AND ALGORITHMS FOR MULTIVARIATE INTERPOLATION IN POINT CALCULUS
Authors: Seleznyov I. V.
Published: September 2024

Modeling multifactor processes is an essential aspect of many scientific studies, the primary toolkit of which includes methods of multidimensional interpolation and approximation. The significance of developing a tool like multidimensional interpolation underscores the fact that it is practically used in almost every field of knowledge for modeling, processing, analyzing, and optimizing experimental-statistical data; for numerically solving differential equations and their systems; for solving problems of solid-state modeling with subsequent practical implementation using special materials and nanotechnologies; as a tool for scientifically justifying decision-making in various branches of science and technology. An active direction in the development of multidimensional interpolation theory is geometric modeling of multifactor processes and phenomena in the form of geometric objects in multidimensional affine space with predefined geometric properties. This approach is based on constructive algorithms of engineering geometry, parameterized using the mathematical apparatus of “Point Calculus,” which allows obtaining analytical dependencies of geometric models in the form of uniform parametric equations with coordinate vectors as input data. Such mathematical representation enables the implementation of parallel computations at the level of the mathematical apparatus and significantly reduces the time required for building geometric models. The object of the study is the geometric models of multifactor processes. The subject of the study is the method of multidimensional interpolation as a tool for finding optimal geometric models of multifactor processes. The goal of the research is the development of the geometric theory of multidimensional interpolation based on point calculus.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE AUTOMATED ALGORITHM FOR DRAWING SHIP HULL SURFACES
Authors: Shorkina I. N.
Published: September 2024

The efficiency of application of the algorithm for automated construction of ship hull surfaces using NURBS approximation is shown. In the majority of modern shipbuilding CAD-systems a considerable share of labor intensity is occupied by preparation of the ship surface model in the first approximation on the basis of electronic theoretical drawing. For carrying out such works in shipbuilding CAD-systems there is a corresponding computer toolkit, which allows to display geometrically clear smooth forms of such surfaces as a ship hull. The works of domestic and foreign researchers in this field have been analyzed. The proposed solutions have significant disadvantages: they require large computing power for training and use. The paper shows a modern approach to solving the issue of reducing the labor intensity of graphical constructions and, consequently, time costs by automating the procedures of computer modeling using web technology. Computer modeling of bulbous bow ends and tunnel-type stern parts is a labor-intensive process of manual editing of hull geometry. Experimental studies of the developed automated algorithm and software product for this type of work have been carried out. The comparative analysis of labor intensity of construction of the most complex part of the ship surface – the bow tip of ships of three projects using the developed software product and two professional CAD-systems – KOMPAS-3D and Rhinoceros – is given. The comparison showed that the developed algorithm and program are much more efficient to use compared to the toolkit of the compared CAD systems. The automated algorithms developed in the process of research can be used in shipbuilding practice, ship repair tasks, as well as for hydrostatic calculation programs.