bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GANGRENE DE FOURNIER : ASPECT EPIDEMIOLOGIQUE A PROPOS DE 12 CAS AU CENTRE HOSPITALIER REGIONAL AMISSA BONGO DE FRANCEVILLE ET REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
Authors:   Service de chirurgie generale. Centre Hospitalier Regional Amissa Bongo de Franceville, Universite Des Sciences De La Sante., Offobo S. Ngakani , Cedric Sima ,   Owono JP, Service De Chirurgie Generale Hopital Des Instructions Des Armees Omar Bongo Odimba., Kadidiatou Diallo ,   Sima Cedric, Laboratoire De Recherche De Biochimie, Universite Des Sciences Et Techniques De Masuku., Poduermo Socaras ,   Owono JP, Service De Chirurgie Generale Hopital Des Instructions Des Armees Omar Bongo Odimba., Ndong J.F Ondo ,   Diallo Kadidiatou F, Chirurgie, Universite Des Sciences De La Sante Socaras P Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Havan Cuba.
Published: October 2021

La gangrene de Fournier est une fasciite necrosante perineale a developpement rapidement progressive, fatale dans 20 a 80 % des cas. Elle fut decrite en 1883 par Alfred de Fournier devant une gangrene foudroyante sans cause evident. Il sagit dune infection pluri microbienne associant des germes aerobies et anaerobies. La source de linfection est, soit cutanee, urogenitale ou colorectale. Des facteurs favorisants, comme lage, le diabete et limmunodepression, sont souvent presents chez les patients atteints. Une reconnaissance du diagnostic clinique precoce, une connaissance de lecologie bacterienne ainsi quune prise en charge medico- chirurgicale precoce et adaptee peuvent permettre dameliorer le pronostic de cette affection. Lobjectif etait detudier les caracteristiques epidemiologique, cliniques, paracliniques et therapeutiques de cette pathologie.
The symptom-syndrome analysis of multivariate categorical data based on Zhegalkin polynomials
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Alekseeva Nina P.
Published: October 2021

In this article, we study the distribution, entropy and other informational properties of finite projective subspaces (syndromes) parameterized by impulse sequences with basic elements in the form of symptoms - polynomials over the field F2 which are known as Zhegalkin polynomials. It has been proven that the super syndrome, which is a linear syndrome with basic elements in the form of a multiplicative syndrome, is closed. If in the multiplication of two symptoms one is neutral, then we are talking about its majorization. The ordered by majorization symptoms form a majorized syndrome. Is proved that the majorized syndrome is closed and coincides with the super syndrome. The statements formulated in the first part of the paper are used to justify the convergence of the iterative procedure (PI), in which the most informative symptoms selected from partial super syndromes are again used in the next step. The stationary state of PI is obtained if all elements of the input set belong to either the same partial super syndrome or to the majorized syndrome. Thanks IP it is possible to quickly find the optimal syndrome from a large set of variables. An example from phthisiology shows how the specificity of classification can be improved using symptom analysis.
Multi-pass stable periodic points of diffeomorphism of a plane with a homoclinic orbit
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vasil’eva Ekaterina V.
Published: October 2021

A diffeomorphism of a plane into itself with a fixed hyperbolic point and a nontransversal point homoclinic to it is studied. There are various ways of touching a stable and unstable manifold at a homoclinic point. Periodic points whose trajectories do not leave the vicinity of the trajectory of a homoclinic point are divided into a countable set of types. Periodic points of the same type are called n-pass periodic points if their trajectories have n turns that lie outside a sufficiently small neighborhood of the hyperbolic point. Earlier in the articles of Sh. Newhouse, L. P. Shil’nikov, B. F. Ivanov and other authors, diffeomorphisms of the plane with a nontransversal homoclinic point were studied, it was assumed that this point is a tangency point of finite order. In these papers, it was shown that in a neighborhood of a homoclinic point there can be infinite sets of stable two-pass and three-pass periodic points. The presence of such sets depends on the properties of the hyperbolic point. In this paper, it is assumed that a homoclinic point is not a point with a finite order of tangency of a stable and unstable manifold. It is shown in the paper that for any fixed natural number n, a neighborhood of a nontransversal homolinic point can contain an infinite set of stable n-pass periodic points with characteristic exponents separated from zero.
A proof of Bel’tyukov-Lipshitz theorem by quasi-quantifier elimination. I. Definitions and GCD-lemma
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Starchak Mikhail R.
Published: October 2021

This paper is the first part of a new proof of decidability of the existential theory of the structure , where | corresponds to the binary divisibility relation. The decidability was proved independently in 1976 by A. P. Bel’tyukov and L. Lipshitz. In 1977, V.I. Mart’yanov proved an equivalent result by considering the ternary GCD predicate instead of divisibility (the predicates are interchangeable with respect to existential definability). Generalizing in some sense the notion of quantifier elimination (QE) algorithm, we construct a quasi-QE algorithm to prove decidability of the positive existential theory of the structure <...>. We reduce to the decision problem for this theory the decision problem for the existential theory of the structure <...>. A quasi-QE algorithm, which performs this reduction, will be constructed in the second part of the proof. Transformations of formulas are based on a generalization of the Chinese remainder theorem to systems of the form GCD(ai, bi +x) = di for every i [1..m], where ai, bi, di are some integers such that ai 6 = 0, di > 0.
Lp-inequalities for the polar derivative of a lacunary-type polynomial
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Rather Nisar Ahmad , Ali Liyaqat ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Kashmir, Gulzar Suhail ,   Department of Mathematics, Government College for Engineering & Technology
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we extend an inequality concerning the polar derivative of a polynomial in Lp-norm to the class of lacunary polynomials and thereby obtain a bound that depends on some of the coefficients of the polynomial as well.
Retrospective analysis of the orbits of asteroids colliding with the Earth
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kholshevnikov Konstantin S. , Balyaev Ivan A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Sokolov Leonid L. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Eskin Boris B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we consider the trajectories of real and model asteroids that lead to collisions with the Earth. They highlight the close approaches to the Earth that precede the impact. The presence of such approaches allows you to detect a dangerous object in advance, clarify its orbit, and also use the effect of a gravitational maneuver to economically prevent an asteroid from hitting the Earth. The article considers various families of collision trajectories: possible trajectories of real dangerous asteroids, as well as model ones trajectories that are not linked to a specific object. It is shown that in the first case, the approaches preceding the collision are noticeably greater.
Pilot study on the treatment of lake water with algae by ultrafiltration–ozone–biologically activated carbon
Authors: Xu Pengcheng , Chen Yan , Gui Bo , Guo Xiaolong , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2021

For the treatment of lake water with algae, the coagulation–ultrafiltration–ozone–biologically activated carbon (CUF–O3–BAC) integrated process was first used to treat East Taihu Lake water in China, aiming at evaluating the removal efficiencies of algae, permanganate index (CODMn), UV254, NH3-N and disinfection by-products (DBPs) precursors. In addition, the long-term performance of the membrane operation under the fluxes of 60, 70, 80 and 90 L/(m2·h) was also investigated, and kinetic models were established. The experimental results showed that the integrated process had positive impaction of algae, CODMn, UV254 and NH3-N removal, and the removal rates were 95.89 ± 1.52, 76.18 ± 4.38, 72.06 ± 4.72 and 81.31 ± 6.71%, respectively. The CUF process was prone to increase the formation potentials of DBPs. Although ozone could reduce the formation risks of chlorinated trihalomethanes (THMs) to a certain extent, it is ineffective to reduce those of brominated THMs and haloacetic acids (HAA5). However, the CUF–O3–BAC process was an effective technology for the removal of THMs and HAA5 precursors in drinking water treatment. Finally, it was found that the relationship between transmembrane pressure (TMP) and time conformed to the first-order and second-order kinetic models, and the linear fitting coefficients were all above 90%.
Multi-time-scale input approaches for hourly-scale rainfall–runoff modeling based on recurrent neural networks
Authors: Ishida Kei , Kiyama Masato , Ercan Ali , Amagasaki Motoki , Tu Tongbi
Published: October 2021

This study proposes two effective approaches to reduce the required computational time of the training process for time-series modeling through a recurrent neural network (RNN) using multi-time-scale time-series data as input. One approach provides coarse and fine temporal resolutions of the input time-series data to RNN in parallel. The other concatenates the coarse and fine temporal resolutions of the input time-series data over time before considering them as the input to RNN. In both approaches, first, the finer temporal resolution data are utilized to learn the fine temporal scale behavior of the target data. Then, coarser temporal resolution data are expected to capture long-duration dependencies between the input and target variables. The proposed approaches were implemented for hourly rainfall–runoff modeling at a snow-dominated watershed by employing a long short-term memory network, which is a type of RNN. Subsequently, the daily and hourly meteorological data were utilized as the input, and hourly flow discharge was considered as the target data. The results confirm that both of the proposed approaches can reduce the required computational time for the training of RNN significantly. Lastly, one of the proposed approaches improves the estimation accuracy considerably in addition to computational efficiency.
Inconvenient truth: unsafely managed fecal sludge after achieving MDG for decades in Thailand
Authors: Koottatep Thammarat , Taweesan Achara , Kanabkaew Thongchai , Polprasert Chongrak
Published: October 2021

In most low- and middle-income countries, due to financial constraints and improper management practices, the expansion of conventional centralized systems to enhance wastewater management services is not practical. Despite the fact that the majority of the world population has met the Millennium Development Goals 7c (MDG7c) targets, more than 2.5 billion are still using unimproved sanitation facilities and affecting the safety of drinking water and public health. Because of this problem, a novel approach on ‘Non-Sewered Sanitation’ with decentralized treatment systems is being recognized as a promising alternative to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (SDG6) targets on ‘Safe Water and Sanitation’ and bringing health benefits to the people. This study aimed to investigate the current status of access to improved sanitation facilities in relation to the MDG7c and SDG6 in Thailand and comparing with other countries, including the effects of unsafely managed fecal sludge (FS) on the prevalence of diarrhea and liver fluke infections. The prevailing constraints and weaknesses were identified, and effective sanitation management measures to accomplish SDG6 targets were recommended. Based on data collected from 20 cities located in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand during the period of 2015–2020, the sanitation facilities data on conventional centralized systems and FS management facilities that affect the prevalence of diarrhea and liver infections were analyzed and interpreted using statistical and response surface methodology techniques. The findings showed that most of the surveyed cities have achieved the MDG7c targets, but 70% of the FS generated from on-site sanitation systems are still unsafely managed, caused by limited expansion of sewage systems for wastewater collection and conveyance (with inadequate operation and maintenance) as well as the financial constraints, especially in areas outside of urban neighborhoods. The effective sanitation management practices to accomplish the SDG6 targets were proposed such as increasing the capacity of sanitation facilities to be 55,000 m3/day/30,000 households, designing appropriate FS collection program and treatment technology, and providing more awareness programs for safe sanitation management and health risk protection.
The clean plan: analysing sanitation planning in India using the CWIS planning framework
Authors: Narayan Abishek S. , Maurer Max , Lüthi Christoph
Published: October 2021

Sanitation in India has received national attention for over a decade, especially with the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) making it a political priority. However, due to the lack of appropriate sanitation planning practices, there have been little long-term gains made in urban sanitation beyond the ending of open defaecation. In this paper, we analyse the key barriers to sanitation planning, in India, in the context of the emerging paradigm of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS). A mixed method approach of shit flow diagrams, social network analysis, policy analysis, interviews and workshops at the national, state (2) and city (4) levels was conducted. Eight factors were identified as important barriers for planning including inadequate planning capacities, lack of ownership of city sanitation plans among city governments, poor community involvement, absence of a uniform planning framework, unreliable political and financial support, overlapping jurisdictions, and scheme-based funding. The paper also proposes the CWIS Planning Framework which offers a perspective at overcoming these barriers with the recommendation of bridging top-down and bottom-up planning approaches. While there is increasingly more clarity on what CWIS means, there is little understanding on how to plan for it. Therefore, this framework provides the theoretical basis for planning with the CWIS approach.
A review on adsorbent parameters for removal of dye products from industrial wastewater
Authors: Soltani Ali , Faramarzi Mehdi , Mousavi Parsa Seyed Aboutaleb
Published: October 2021

Industrial effluents are usually one of the major industries polluting the environment and surface water. It is estimated that the worldwide production of dyes is about 70 tons/year. To overcome this problem, innovative processes are suggested for the treatment of industrial effluents containing dyes and heavy metals. The goal of the processes is often to reduce the toxicity of these pollutants in order to meet treatment standards. Recently, great attention has been paid to innovative processes for physical and chemical removal techniques such as adsorption on new adsorbents, biomass adsorption, membrane filtration, irradiation, and electrochemical coagulation. In this study, the application of adsorbents in the adsorption process to remove dye pollutants from industrial effluents has been studied. Factors affecting dye adsorption such as pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent amount are also presented. The obtained results revealed that more than 80% of the dye adsorption on the surface of adsorbents are endothermic processes and more than 95% of the processes obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
A produção das consoantes oclusivas do inglês por falantes brasileiros: a relação entre duração e soltura
Authors: Dias Michael Douglas Silva , Godinho Consuelo de Paiva , Pacheco Vera
Published: October 2021

Em termos de produção e realização, os segmentos oclusivos em inglês apresentam um comportamento fonético-fonológico bastante característico, podendo ser produzidos com soltura audível, com soltura audível moderada, sem soltura audível ou, até mesmo, podem não ser produzidos, caracterizando apagamento. Partindo do pressuposto de que brasileiros aprendizes de inglês tendem a transferir para a L2/LE os padrões de produção de sua L1, o principal objetivo deste artigo é verificar como se dá a produção das consoantes oclusivas do inglês por parte de três brasileiros aprendizes de inglês como língua estrangeira em nível inicial, no que se refere à duração e à soltura destas consoantes em posição de onset e coda, em palavras com estrutura silábica CVC. Nossos dados revelaram que a duração das consoantes oclusivas em posição de coda supera consideravelmente a duração das oclusivas em posição de onset por brasileiros. Além disso, devemos ver a produção de oclusivas com soltura audível por parte de aprendizes como formas também possíveis na L2, e não como formas que precisam ser erradicadas em um contexto de ensino-aprendizagem.
Mecanismos de controle em uma proposta narrativa do livro didático de língua portuguesa e efeitos da roteirização
Authors: Farias Adriana Oliveira de , Ribeiro Janima Bernardes , Campos Sulemi Fabiano
Published: October 2021

Este artigo objetiva investigar os efeitos que os mecanismos de controle em uma proposta narrativa do livro didático de língua portuguesa (LDP), do 6º ano, provocam nos textos dos alunos. Toma como corpus uma proposta narrativa do livro didático Português: Linguagem (CEREJA; MAGALHÃES, 2006). Traz como pressupostos teóricos Althusser (1985), que considera a escola como parte dos Aparelhos Ideológico do Estado (AIE) e Geraldi (2010, 2011) acerca da prática de produção textual. Os resultados apontaram que a atividade narrativa proposta pelo LDP com os roteiros, as instruções e até desenhos, quando aplicada sem a mediação do professor no processo de escrita do aluno, resultaram na homogeneização dos textos. Desse modo, este estudo contribui para compreender melhor os problemas e as dificuldades que envolvem o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da produção textual escrita no contexto escolar e também reafirma a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento da prática docente no contexto escolar.
Implicações da regulação discursiva na leitura de imagens em narrativa infantil
Authors: Melo Lélia Erbolato
Published: October 2021

O objetivo principal, neste artigo, é enfatizar as implicações da regulação discursiva na leitura de imagens em sequência por crianças, a interação entre os códigos verbal e não verbal (Cosnier et Brossard, 1984), e os efeitos da tutela do adulto na narrativa oral infantil (Bruner, 1991), entre outros, levando em consideração aspectos linguísticos e discursivos. Os resultados são apresentados e discutidos com exemplos extraídos de pesquisa realizada.
Da composição à produção textual: onde se situa o ENEM?
Authors: Da Silva Emanuel Cordeiro
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho objetiva situar o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) no conjunto das transformações sofridas pelo ensino da escrita no Brasil. A partir da realização de uma breve incursão histórica acerca do ensino do português e de sua escrita, bem como com base nas relações traçadas entre a perspectiva da produção textual, as recomendações dos PCNEM e as concepções assumidas pelo ENEM, as visões de língua e de texto subjacentes ao sistema de avaliação do exame são observadas, e ele é situado no processo das mudanças sofridas pelo ensino da escrita na educação básica brasileira. É verificado que a ruptura existente no sistema avaliativo, permeado por duas concepções divergentes de língua e de texto, leva o próprio sistema a incorrer numa contradição. Embora o ENEM, de maneira articulada com os PCNEM, assuma como princípio a indissociabilidade entre conhecimento e cidadania, buscando, na relevância prática e social, a valorização do conhecimento, o exame ainda preza por uma escrita alheia à sua relevância prática e social, indo de encontro às recomendações dos PCNEM.
Letramento em línguas estrangeiras no brasil: o projeto brafitec e sua relação fos/fou
Authors: Galli Joice Armani
Published: October 2021

Concebendo-se a inserção social do sujeito como condição sine qua non para o exercício de sua cidadania, propomos no presente artigo a discussão de políticas públicas linguísticas que garantam formação integral para além do mercado capitalista, que o determina como mero reprodutor. A proposição de projetos linguístico-culturais deve implicar esse ator social como agente transformador do contexto que o circunda, gerando reflexões e ações que inovem o pensamento contemporâneo em termos de produção. Dadas as atuais circunstâncias em que se discute a validade das licenciaturas, a temática relativa ao desenvolvimento dos estudos superiores, particularmente nas Letras e mais especificamente nas Línguas Estrangeiras - LE, em que o senso de criação da linguagem foi postergado em detrimento do imediatismo aplicacionista, é urgente rever a formação universitária no Brasil. Considerando a gravidade em banalizar preceitos primários da constituição do sujeito inserido historicamente em sua produção discursiva, o presente artigo busca articular os pilares científicos: formação, pesquisa e extensão em sua relação com a sociedade civil, uma vez que o conhecimento, como elemento libertador, deveria ser direito de todos. Preconizando, portanto, o acesso linguístico através do letramento crítico em LE, discorreremos sobre o programa federal Idiomas sem Fronteiras – IsF, o Francês sem Fronteiras – FsF e sua interface com o convênio bilateral BRAFITEC, além do fomento a projetos de pesquisa na área das linguagens. Serão analisadas as reverberações da formação específica do francês – FOS e da formação universitária – FOU na preparação de futuros intercambistas à luz de teóricos como Mangiante & Parpette (2012). Os resultados levam a compreender a pertinência na proposição de metodologias contextualizadas para formação e pesquisa universitárias no Brasil.
The relationship between bilingualism and working memory: a review
Authors: Trevisol Juliane Regina , Tomitch Lêda Maria Braga
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a review of the literature aimed at exploring the main findings regarding studies on the issue of bilingualism and working memory.  It is organized with an initial discussion on the construct of working memory and its development through time, followed by the topic of bilingualism, with general evidence of its advantages and disadvantages to the cognitive system, and finally the examination of current pieces of research addressing working memory in bilingual children and adults.  The objective is to illustrate what contributions research has shown so far and what future directions might be.Keywords: bilingualism; working memory; cognition. RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de explorar as descobertas mais relevantes acerca de estudos sobre bilinguismo e memória de trabalho.  Inicialmente, discute-se o construto memória de trabalho e como o mesmo tem evoluído enquanto objeto de pesquisa.  Na sequência, apresenta-se a questão do bilinguismo, trazendo-se evidências gerais de estudos acerca de suas vantagens e desvantagens em termos cognitivos. Por fim, as pesquisas mais recentes acerca da relação entre memória de trabalho e bilinguismo em grupos de crianças e adultos são apresentadas.  O objetivo principal é fazer um apanhado geral sobre quais contribuições estas pesquisas tem apresentado até o momento e quais as direções futuras que novas pesquisas podem vir a tomar a partir disso. Palavras-chave: bilinguismo; memória de trabalho; cognição.
Relações entre teoria linguística e ensino de línguas.
Authors: Alves Araujo Gilberto
Published: October 2021

Sob uma perspectiva histórica, este trabalho se propõe a discutir as interações entre as teorias da linguagem e o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, priorizando as implicações das primeiras sobre o segundo. Para tanto, empreendemos uma reflexão geral acerca das formas pelas quais o surgimento de modelos teóricos resulta em práticas educacionais. Este artigo emprega a metodologia de revisão crítica de referenciais teóricos, abordando o período que compreende o fim do século XIX até o início deste século. Desse modo, oferecemos maior atenção ao papel da Linguística Aplicada (LA), enquanto campo científico, e ao ensino de línguas estrangeiras. Nossas incursões nos permitem perceber três grandes períodos que fundamentaram a história de relações entre teoria e pedagogia de línguas, a saber: a era estruturalista, a gerativista transformacional ou cognitivista, e a funcionalista ou da abordagem comunicativa. Esses momentos nem sempre apresentam fronteiras tão evidentes, e por isso mesmo ocorreram/ocorrem conjuntamente em muitos pontos da trajetória da LA e de outras disputas ideológicas variadas. Os rearranjos sociais em torno das demandas comunicativas, bem como a incapacidade da Linguística Teórica (LT) em fornecer respostas satisfatórias às necessidades mais imediatas da coletividade, também cooperaram para que determinada corrente teórica ou ramo da linguística ascendesse mais do que outro. Nessa transição do mais abstrato às práticas educacionais, notamos que existem ao menos quatro níveis/ordens simultâneas e cooperativas: a teoria, a estrutura curricular, os insumos didáticos, e os aportes metodológicos.
Sentidos da preguiça baiana em reportagem do jornal nacional: entre o mesmo e o novo
Authors: Conceição Débora de Jesus
Published: October 2021

Este artigo analisa uma reportagem veiculada pelo Jornal Nacional no dia quinze de outubro de 2011 em que o assunto principal foi a opinião da população baiana quanto a adoção do horário de verão neste mesmo ano. Os efeitos de sentido analisados oscilaram entre a imagem do baiano trabalhador e o baiano preguiçoso, comprovando a heterogeneidade discursiva resultante do atravessamento deste material por diferentes formações discursivas. Os efeitos de sentidos depreendidos confirmam o posicionamento da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa quanto a possibilidade de o mesmo ou o novo se firmarem no processo ininterrupto de significação.
Identidade e escrita: uma análise discursiva crítica sobre a produção de portfólio na universidade
Authors: De Queiroz Atauan Soares , Dias Juliana de Freitas
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é promover reflexões sobre as práticas de ensino da escrita na universidade. Baseando-se nos pressupostos teóricos da Análise de Discurso Crítica, doravante ADC (CHOULIARAKI & FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2003), associada à filosofia do Realismo Crítico (BHASKAR, 1998) e dos estudos culturais (GIDDENS, 2002; HALL, 2006), o trabalho focaliza as práticas de produção escrita no contexto universitário, mais especificamente as práticas de escrita envolvendo a produção de portfólio e sua relação com a (re)construção de identidades no curso de licenciatura em Letras da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), campus Darcy Ribeiro. O trabalho, de natureza qualitativa (BAUER & GASKELL, 2011; FLICK, 2009), apresenta análise discursiva de um portfólio produzido na disciplina Prática de Textos, considerando especialmente o significado identificacional do discurso conforme propõe Fairclough (2003). A análise aponta que a produção de diferentes gêneros acadêmico-científicos para compor o portfólio (macrogênero), vinculada às práticas de reescrita, em um trabalho colaborativo com a docente, pode contribuir para ampliar a autonomia linguística e discursiva do graduando e seu fortalecimento identitário.
Periquillo Sarniento: uma narração da educação como obstáculo à autonomia
Authors: Dantas Otília Maria Alves da Nóbrega Alberto , Silva Angélica Gisele Melo
Published: October 2021

Periquillo Sarniento, obra de José Joaquim Fernández de Lizardi, foi escrita com o intuito de denunciar à sociedade a educação então vigente (inicio do século XVIII) e o seu impacto individual e social. Este trabalho, de natureza bibliográfica, visa compreender as denúncias do autor no âmbito da educação, principalmente no que confere ao desenvolvimento da autonomia e ao seu impacto no indivíduo e no meio social. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se a análise do discurso, juntamente aos aportes teóricos de grandes pensadores da educação. Os resultados indicam que os discursos presentes no romance apontam não só para a importância da autonomia exógena, construída sobre a exterioridade do sujeito sob a tutela da educação, mas também para a dificuldade de professores e alunos em lidar com o meio justamente pela falta de autonomia, uma vez que são herdeiros de uma educação analógica, mecanicista e heterônoma, que lhes dificultou o desenvolvimento de reflexões e atitudes e que impacta não apenas o indivíduo, mas também a sociedade, terminando, com isso, por favorecer o status quo. A importância do estudo deve-se ao fato de que esses discursos abrangem toda a educação de um estudante e mostram como ela afeta sua vida pessoal e social, o que oportunizou pensar sobre esta educação e em maneiras de modificar a nossa, pois embora a obra seja antiga, as críticas são atuais.
Arterial Stiffness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor for the Development of Preeclampsia and Pharmacopreventive Options
Authors: Anthoulakis Christos , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Rousso David , Karagiannis Asterios , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Grimbizis Grigoris , Athyros Vasilios
Published: October 2021

:

Arterial stiffness (AS) describes the rigidity of the arterial walls. Epidemiological
studies have shown that increased AS is an independent predictive marker of cardiovascular (CV)
morbidity and mortality in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Preeclampsia (PE), a form of
pregnancy-induced hypertension, affects approximately 5% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclamptic
women have a higher risk of CV disease (CVD), mainly because PE damages the heart’s ability
to relax between contractions. Different pharmacological approaches for the prevention of PE have
been tested in clinical trials (e.g. aspirin, enoxaparin, metformin, pravastatin, and sildenafil citrate).
In current clinical practice, only low-dose aspirin is used for PE pharmacoprevention. However,
low-dose aspirin does not prevent term PE, which is the most common form of PE. Compromised
vascular integrity precedes the onset of PE and therefore, AS assessment may constitute a promising
predictive marker of PE. Several non-invasive techniques have been developed to assess AS.
Compared with normotensive pregnancies, both carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and
augmentation index (AIx) are increased in PE. In view of simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility,
there is an interest in oscillometric AS measurements in pregnancies complicated by PE.
Asymmetric C-H and N-H Functionalization of Indoles Involving Central
Chirality via Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Debeli Dereje Kebebew , Gashaw Alemayehu , Chemeda Meseret
Published: October 2021

The C-H and N-H functionalization of indoles is an interesting area of research that has a
useful impact on organic synthesis due to the availability of chiral indole scaffolds in the discovery of
drugs, synthetic bioactive compounds, and natural products. The chiral phosphoric acid catalysts
(CPAs) have proven to be a powerful and versatile class of enantioselective organocatalysts. Many
asymmetric syntheses of organic compounds have been carried out with these catalysts in C-C and CN
bond formation reactions, and great progress has been reported. By 2011, several reviews were
published covering some important topics and recent achievements in this field. Therefore, in this review,
the most recent advances, research breakthroughs with key examples involving mechanisms of
CPA-catalyzed C-H and N-H functionalization of indoles to form central chirality via Friedel Crafts,
Michael type, and rearrangement reactions were reviewed and reported.
Systematic Review Methodologies and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals:
Improving Evaluations of the Plastic Monomer Bisphenol A
Authors: Vandenberg Laura N. , Pelch Katherine E.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in plastics, personal
care products, household items, and other consumer goods. Risk assessments are intended to characterize
a chemical’s hazards, identify the doses at which adverse outcomes are observed, quantify
exposure levels, and then compare these doses to determine the likelihood of risk in a given population.
There are many problems with risk assessments for EDCs, allowing people to be exposed to
levels that are later associated with serious health outcomes in epidemiology studies.

Objective:

In this review, we examine issues that affect the evaluation of EDCs in risk assessments
(e.g., use of insensitive rodent strains and absence of disease-oriented outcomes in hazard assessments;
inadequate exposure assessments). We then review one well-studied chemical, Bisphenol A
(BPA; CAS #80-05-7) an EDC found in plastics, food packaging, and other consumer products.
More than one hundred epidemiology studies suggest associations between BPA exposures and adverse
health outcomes in environmentally exposed human populations.

Results:

We present support for the use of systematic review methodologies in the evaluation of
BPA and other EDCs. Systematic reviews would allow studies to be evaluated for their reliability
and risk of bias. They would also allow all data to be used in risk assessments, which is a requirement
for some regulatory agencies.

Conclusion:

Systematic review methodologies can be used to improve evaluations of BPA and
other EDCs. Their use could help to restore faith in risk assessments and ensure that all data are utilized
in decision-making. Regulatory agencies are urged to conduct transparent, well-documented
and proper systematic reviews for BPA and other EDCs.
Facile One-Step Preparation of Mesoporous Siliceous Phophsomolybdic
Acid for Proton Exchange Membrane
Authors: Ilbeygi Hamid
Published: October 2021

Background:

Proton exchange membrane is an art of PEM fuel cells, developing active materials
with robust structure and high proton conductivity has attained huge attention in recent decades
amongst researchers.

Aims/objectives:

Here, we have developed a novel approach to prepare a siliceous mesoporous heteropoly
acid with high stability in polar media and high proton conductivity to be utilized as proton exchange
membrane.

Methods:

A highly stable mesoporous siliceous phosphomolybdic acid has been synthesized via a simple
self-assembly between Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA), the polymeric surfactant, and the silica precursor
stabilized by KCl molecules as a proton conducting material for proton exchange membrane application.

Results:

As prepared, siliceous mesoporous phosphomolybdic acids (mPMA-Si) show a high surface
area with a highly crystalline structure; however, the crystallinity is reduced by increasing the silica
content. Further analysis proved the Keggin structure remains intact in final materials. mPMA-8
Si shows the highest performance among all the materials studied with proton conductivity of 0.263
S.cm-1 at 70 °C.

Conclusion:

As prepared, mPMA-xSi has shown a very high proton conductivity in a range of temperatures,
making them a promising material for proton exchange membrane.
Niveles de plagio y uso de normas para presentación de trabajos en un programa de pregrado en la ciudad de Barranquilla
Authors: Nieto Mendoza Isaac
Published: October 2021

Introduction: A research study was conducted related to the accepted undergraduate work to opt for the academic degree at the university studied in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia between 2015 and 2020. Objective, Method and/or methodology: This research aimed to characterize the academic production of a program in the city of Barranquilla, emphasizing aspects such as the modality of degree, research methodology, use of standards for submission of papers established by the American Psychological Association (APA) by means of a quantitative methodological design and descriptive-documentary type. Results and conclusions: Of the 50 theses evaluated, 64% were monographs, 86% of the works were not presented under APA standards and 44% presented plagiarism levels between 10 and 15%. These results show the lack of rigour in the review of the degree projects, in violation of the criteria established in the grade work regulations of the studied program in terms of their structure, levels of plagiarism and use of APA standards.
Dimensiones sociales y económicas del recurso hídrico
Authors: Silva hernández Francisca , Martínez prats German
Published: October 2021

Introduction: water is a natural resource, which today being a vital limited liquid turns out to be of national and global security interest, raising a conflict of interest in its reserve, use, management and distribution. Objective: to describe an overview of the social and economic dimensions of water resources based on their use. Materials and Methods: it is structured based on a qualitative methodology of documentary type, from the consultation of books, scientific articles in virtual databases, reports, internal and international normative instruments that allowed to develop a descriptive and interpretative scope of the water resource. Results: the added value to a natural resource such as water, has created transformation and adaptation to processes of its use, management, reserve, scarcity, maintenance and distribution, in which, the interest or vision regarding water has shaped the social and economic systems of the various societies. Conclusions: the dimensions presented give a panorama in various categories of water as a limited vital liquid that puts societies in a situation of water stress, in a state of vulnerability of the right to life individually and collectively, transgressing the state of sustainable well-being in which the various sectors of society are to ensure access and guarantee of the minimum liquid vital.
Uncertainties in the assessment of the radiation impact on biota in the vicinity of nuclear facilities
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Spiridonov S.I. , Nushtaeva V.E. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology
Published: October 2021

Evaluation of radiation impact on biota inhabiting near nuclear facilities of radioactive release to atmosphere from reactors of different types (WWER-1200, BN-600, BN-800, UVV-2M) is consid-ered in the paper. Radiation dose rates to reference groups of terrestrial biota species (annelids, insects, large and small mammals, grasses and conifers) vary from 0.01 to 0.2 µGy/day. The im-pact of the NPP using up-to-date reactor WWER-1200 is shown to be not exceeding 1% of the to-tal radiation impact. To compare correctly radiation impacts on the biota species from radioactive release and from exposure to established radiation dose rate limits, it is necessary to take into account contribution of all constituents of radiation background. Impacts on biota species from the total exposure to radioactive release or the exposure to established radiation dose rate limits were evaluated. Estimated radiation impact from exposure to the radioactive release did not ex-ceed 0.1; the impact from the established dose rate limits was 0.9. Obtained information allows making the following conclusion: uncertainty of quantitative evaluation of radiation impact on bio-ta in planned radiation situations is mainly caused by uncertainty of established dose rate limits. There is a need to establish dose criteria for emergency, it will allow creating “weighty” radioeco-logic justification of “nuclear power plants with account for potential emergency conditions.
The use of radiation therapy in combination treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities with involvement of long tubular bones
Authors:   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Zubarev A.L. , Kurilchik A.A. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Ivanov V.E. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Starodubtsev A.L. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC), Shitareva V.N. ,   A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (A. Tsyb MRRC)
Published: October 2021

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin. They account for about 1% of all malignant neoplasms. Haematogenous spread is the most common route of me-tastasis for STS and bone metastases occur in 9.4% of cases. When creating treatment plan for STS, it is necessary to consider a multimodal approach. Combination treatment can include pre-operative or postoperative radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), and local hyperthermia (LHT). Surgery for STS should be radical. This paper presents 9 STS clinical cases and treatment outcomes in patients with secondary bone disease. Four patients underwent chemotherapy and surgery. Two patients received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery. Three patients received thermo-chemo-radiotherapy (TCHRT) followed by surgery. Accelerated fractionation radiotherapy was given using a single tumor dose of 3 Gy, twice a day with interval of 4 hours between ses-sions, 3 times a week to a total tumor dose (TTD) of 30 Gy (isoeffective TTD – 42 Gy, TDF – 69 Gy). Local hyperthermia for soft tissue tumor treatment was performed over 6 sessions: 2 ses-sions were combined with CHT courses before and after RT, and 4 sessions were combined with RT. The follow up period for 6 patients varied from 12 to 1.5 months, for 3 patients it varied from 6 to 8 months, for 1 patient it lasted 3 months and for 1 patient – 2 years. According to the RECIST criteria, more than half of the patients had tumor stabilization and 22% of patients had a partial response. Grade III-IV the rapeutic pathomorphosis was observed in 70% of patients after pre-operative combination treatment. The use of CT, CRT or TCHRT in combination treatment of STS with secondary bone disease enabled us to achieve a pronounced therapeutic pathomorphosis of tumors and to perform organ preservation surgery with endoprosthetic replacement.
Induction of adaptive response to chronic environmental and occupational exposure to radiation
Authors:   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kogarko I.N. , Akleev A.V. ,   Urals Research Center of Radiation Medicine, FMBA RF,   Chelyabinsk State University, Petushkova V.V. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Neyfakh Е.А. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Kogarko B.S. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Ktitorova O.V. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS, Ganeev I.I. ,   N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of RAS
Published: October 2021

The paper summarizes results of medical examination of two groups of patients, the public members resided in high natural background radiation areas and occupationally irradiated nu-clear and health workers. Adaptive response to chronic exposure to radiation was found to last much time and, thus, its impact on the development of late health effects, including cancer, may be great. In vitro studies demonstrate that induction of adaptive response is the multistep process including the excision reparation of nucleotides, nonhomologous DNA ends joining, antioxidative system and cell cycle control factors. The review presents data on effects of low doses radiation of high or low relative radiation effectiveness(RBE). Some damaged peripheral blood lympho-cytes demonstrated increased radioresistance to high radiation doses, results of examinations of both the public members and professionals.
Development of the digital twin to assess current radioecological situation inside the 30-km zone in the area of Pilot demonstration energy complex (PDEC) siting
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Krechetnikov V.V. , Titov I.E. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Karpenko E.I. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Solomatin V.M. ,   Joint Stock Company PRORYV
Published: October 2021

The development of the digital twin for the assessment of current radioecological situation is considered in the paper. For the twin development data of comprehensive radioecological survey in the area of the Pilot demonstration energy complex (PDEC) siting were used. The twin was de-veloped with the use of the ArcMap 10.5 software module, the part of the ArcGis package. The digital twin is a virtual model that describes the real-time radioecological situation inside the 30-km zone of the nuclear object influence using a set of mathematical models and maps. The twin contains information on radionuclides and heavy metals content in the environment, radiation doses to humans and biota. The data contained in the twin were used for preparing and publish-ing the atlas of the radioecological situation in the 30-km zone of PDEC influence. The results ob-tained can be used for radiological safety assessment and optimization of radiation monitoring programs for PDEC.