bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Experimental Study on Resistance-increasing Behavior of Compound High Efficiency Autonomous Inflow Control Device
Authors: Dong LL. , Zhang YL.
Published: February 2023

Bottom water coning is the main reason to reduce the recovery of horizontal bottom water reservoir. By water coning, we mean the oil-water interface changes from a horizontal state to a mound-shaped cone and breaks through to the wellbore. Autonomous inflow control device (AICD) is an important instrument maintain normal production after bottom water coning, however, the water restricted effect is seriously affected by its insufficient resistance-increasing ability to water. Aiming this problem, this paper designs a multi-stage resistance-increasing and composite AICD. The separation mechanism of oil-water two phases in this structure, the resistance form of oil-water single phase and the resistance-increasing principle of water phase are analyzed. Establish the dual-phase multi-stage separation and resistance-increasing model, and verified by measuring the throttling pressure drop and oil-water volume fraction of the AICD. Structural parameters of the AICD and different fluid properties in how to affect the throttle pressure and oil -water volume fraction are systematically investigated in this paper. The results show that the higher the water content of fluid is, the better the water-resistance effect of the device is, at the same time, the device has good adaptability to oil viscosity and density. After optimization analysis, better structural parameters of AICD are obtained. The simulation calculation results show that, compared with the existing spiral-flow type AICD, water control performance of the composite AICD is improved, the water throttling pressure drop is increased by 4.5 times on average, and the oil-water volume fraction ratio is increased by 5.3 times on average. This study provides a method for improving recovery efficiency of bottom water reservoir and a water control device.
Ball end micro milling of brass: Wear behavior in field-use
Authors: Klauer-Dobrowolski Katja , Eifler Matthias , Kirsch Benjamin , Seewig Jörg , Aurich Jan C.
Published: February 2023

Micro milling is a precise method for micro structuring component surfaces. When complex or free-form structures are to be manufactured, ball end milling tools are particularly suitable. In preliminary studies by the authors, areal material measures for the calibration of optical topography measuring instruments were manufactured via micro milling. The demands on the surface quality of the material measures are extremely high. Therefore, worn tools must not be used if the wear has a direct effect on the resulting topography of the manufactured material measures. At the same time, the micro milling tools used are very costly and should therefore be used as long as possible. A comprehensive experimental study was carried out on the wear behavior of different ball end micro milling tools. In the investigations, brass CuZn39Pb3 was machined and different areal material measures were manufactured. The tool life dependent wear was determined and critical wear was identified.
Behavioural contagion in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Valdivieso-Cortadella Sara , Bernardi-Gómez Chiara , Aureli Filippo , Llorente Miquel , Amici Federica
Published: February 2023

Behavioural contagion is a widespread phenomenon in animal species, which is thought to promote coordination and group cohesion. Among non-human primates, however, evidence of behavioural contagion is currently limited to few Catarrhine species. Here, we investigated whether behavioural contagion is also present in Platyrrhines (i.e. primates from South and Central America), by assessing yawning and scratching contagion in a wild group (N = 49) of Geoffroy’s spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). We conducted focal samples to examine whether individuals observing the triggering event (i.e. a naturally occurring yawning or scratching event in the group) would be more likely to yawn or scratch in the following three minutes, as compared to individuals who did not observe the triggering event. We ran generalized linear mixed models using a Bayesian approach, and found that the probability of yawning and scratching was higher for individuals observing others yawning and scratching, respectively, as compared to individuals who did not observe such an event. However, behavioural contagion did not vary depending on the observer’s sex, kinship or relationship quality with the individual performing the triggering event. These findings provide the first evidence for yawning and scratching contagion in a wild group of spider monkeys, and importantly contribute to the debate about the evolutionary origins of behavioural contagion in primates, which is likely to have emerged before the evolutionary split between Platyrrhines and Catarrhines.
Supraspinal facilitation of nociception by glutamatergic innervation from the retrosplenial cortex to anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Xue Man , Hao Shun , Chen Qi-Yu , Shi Wan-Tong , Li Xu-hui , Lu Jing-Shan , Xu Fang , Bi Guo-Qiang , Zhuo Min
Published: February 2023

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for pain perception; while the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays an important role in navigation and memory. It is known that RSC projects to ACC, less is known about the function of this projection. Here we used integrative approaches to show that there is direct excitatory glutamatergic projections from the RSC to the ACC, and postsynaptic excitatory responses are mediated by AMPA receptors. Activation of RSC-ACC by optogenetics significantly facilitated behavioral responses to nociceptive stimuli (mechanical and thermal) in freely moving mice. By contrast, spinal nociceptive tail-flick and anxiety-like activities were not affected. Our results suggest that RSC to ACC projection preferentially affects nociceptive process in supraspinal cortical region. Our results have identified a new facilitatory cortico-cortical circuit for sensory nociceptive process, and this pathway serves to link memory ‘engram’ to pain perception in humans and animals.
Hcy regulates SIRT1-STAT3 phosphorylation by upregulating WWP2 expression and induce VSMCs proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch.
Authors: Wang Xiuyu , Ma Xing , Zeng Yue , Pokharel Smritee , zhang minghao
Published: February 2023

The proliferation, migration, and cellular morphology of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid, which is an intermediate product of methionine metabolism. Hcy can induce proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of VSMCs, but details of these mechanisms are still unclear. NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1-STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in various cellular functions. Here, we sought to determine if this multifunctional pathway played a role in Hcy-induced proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, which has not been previously reported. NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP2 (WWP2) is involved in VSMCs phenotypic modulation and can be a potential target in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. In our study, Serum Hcy of the ApoE-/-mice fed 2% high-methionine diet was significantly higher than that of the normal diet group (P < 0.01), and the serum Hcy concentrations exceeded 20 µmol/L, indicating that the HHcy animal model was successfully replicated. ApoE-/-+HMD mouse showed changes in the expression level of aortic proteins, α-SMA and SM22α were decreased (P < 0.05) in aortic VSMCs, while osteopontin (OPN) increased (P < 0.05). Similarly, WWP2 mRNA and protein expression were increased (P < 0.01) in the aortic vasculature of ApoE-/-+HMD. In vitro, WWP2 mRNA and protein expressions were higher in the Hcy group (P < 0.01), and the results were consistent with the animal model. Overexpression of WWP2 promoted Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration, and transformation from contractile to synthetic phenotype, while interference with WWP2 had the opposite effect. The protein expression of SIRT1 in the Hcy group was decreased (P < 0.01) and p-STAT3 increased (P < 0.05). Overexpression of WWP2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05) SIRT1 and increased (P < 0.05) p-STAT3, while the inhibition of WWP2 had the opposite effect. Inhibition of SIRT1 increased (P < 0.01) p-STAT3 in contrast to the inhibition (P < 0.01) of p-STAT3 following SIRT1 stimulation in the Hcy group. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that WWP2 promotes Hcy-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch by regulating SIRT1-STAT3 phosphorylation.
Hospital and urban wastewaters shape the structure and active resistome of environmental biofilms
Authors: Buelow Elena , Dauga Catherine , Carrion Claire , Mathé-Hubert Hugo , Achaibou Sophia , Gaschet Margaux , Jové Thomas , Chesneau Olivier , Kennedy Sean P. , Ploy Marie-Cecile , Re Sandra Da , Christophe Dagot
Published: February 2023

Background
Demonstration of the transfer, dynamics, and regulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in a complex environmental matrix is yet experimentally challenging, with many essential open questions such as how and where transfer and dissemination of ARGs happens in nature. The extent and conditions of MGEs transfer that carry ARGs is still largely unexplored in natural environments and microbial communities. Biofilms are structures that include high density multi-species bacterial communities embedded in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) constituting a matrix that facilitates gene transfer and where bacteria exhibit high tolerance to stress and to antibiotics. In this study we implemented a sampling and analysis approach that allows phenotypic and genomic analyses of in situ and reconstituted in vitro hospital and urban wastewater (WW) biofilms. To assess the potential of hospital and urban WW biofilms to efficiently disseminate ARGs in the WW system, we explored the EPS within the biofilm matrix and assessed the expression of the resistome (ARGs) and mobilome (MGEs) by metatranscriptomics.
Results
We first showed that a) the composition of EPS differs depending on their growth environment (in situ and in vitro) and their sampling origin (hospital vs urban WW) and that b) a low amount of ciprofloxacin impacted the composition of the EPS. Next, the metatranscriptomic approach showed that a) expression of ARGs and MGEs increase upon adding a low amount of ciprofloxacin for biofilms from hospital WW but not for those from urban WW and b) that expression of specific plasmids that carry individual or multiple ARGs varies depending on the WW origins of the biofilms. When the same plasmids were expressed in both, urban and hospital WW biofilms, they carried and expressed different ARGs.
Conclusion
We show that hospital and urban wastewaters shape the structure and active resistome of environmental biofilms, and we confirmed that hospital WW is an important hot spot for the dissemination and selection of AMR. The different responses to antibiotic pressure in hospital vs urban biofilms, coupled with differences in biofilm structure helps delineate distinct characteristics of hospital and urban WW biofilms highlighting the relationships between the resistome and its expression in environmental biofilms and their surrounding ecosystems.
The effect of healthy lifestyle behaviors on orthorexia nervosa in pregnant women
Authors: Ke Müjde , Kaplan Mehmet
Published: February 2023

Purpose
In order to protect maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, nutrient intake must be adequate and balanced. Inadequate and unbalanced nutrition during pregnancy negatively affects maternal and fetal health and causes maternal and infant mortality as well as low birthweight and prematurity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the sociodemographic characteristics and healthy lifestyle behaviors of pregnant women have an effect on the level of Orthorexia Nervosa.
Method
The study was planned in a descriptive-relational design. The study sample consisted of 234 pregnant women aged 18 years and over who applied to a state hospital in a provincial center located in Eastern Turkey. The data were collected using the socio-demographic information form, the Orthorexia Nervosa Scale, and the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale.
Results
The majority of the pregnant women participating in the study were in the 3rd trimester and non-smokers, 56.6% had a BMI within the normal ranges and the prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa was found to be 45%. It was determined that there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and orthorexia nervosa and a significant negative correlation between healthy lifestyle behaviors and orthorexia nervosa.
Conclusion
Healthy lifestyle behaviors were found to affect the occurrence of orthorexia nervosa at a rate of 22.4%. In addition, it was determined that BMI, age, smoking, education level, and working status were effective in exhibiting orthorexic behaviors of pregnant women.
Level of Evidence:
Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study
A safe production process of alkylene oxides from alkylene carbonates
Authors: Polotti Gianmarco , Barbieri Massimo , Moscatelli Davide
Published: February 2023

Alkylene oxides of low molecular weight, ethylene, and propylene oxides, have a widespread use in industry. They are used to produce other chemicals and products such as solvents, surfactants, antifreeze, adhesives, polyurethane foams, and pharmaceuticals. They are also used as fumigants in agricultural products, and as a sterilant for medical equipment and supplies. Unfortunately, it is worth noting that alkylene oxides also possess several physical and health hazards: They are flammable, explosive, and their storage and transportation warrant stringent safety rules. The obvious solution to reduce the risk is to generate them from intermediate safety materials and only when and where they are necessary. The literature suggests that correspondent carbonates are very stable precursors. The scope of our study is that of identifying the optimal conditions to generate ethylene and propylene oxide in the moment just before their reaction and eventual use. The patent deals with some equipment and process conditions that guarantee the fast and reliable dissociation of carbonates in their correspondent oxides. The natural output of the patent is a unit able to produce the dangerous material in situ, under controlled conditions. As a result, all the risks related to transportation and storage are eliminated.
A Method for Evaluation of e-Government systems information Agility: Case of e-Algeria
Authors: Soumia Aggoune , Amine Riahla Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Development of e-government evaluation frameworks began around 2000s. Most of the developed approaches are technologically driven; they focus on “e” rather than “government”. Moreover, they tend to evaluate tangible measures (such as costs, benefits, etc.) and neglects important intangible measures (such as agility, sustainability, etc.). Evaluation of agility within e-government has proved to be important but complex. The importance is due to the increasing need for governments to justify investments, assess impacts and monitor progress in the ever-changing environment. The complexity is due to multi-disciplinary of the concept, the difficulty inherent in quantifying its –intangible- dimensions and developing appropriate evaluative parameters and metrics. This paper aims make a contribution to the journal by addressing all these considerations through a practical method for agility evaluation. This method is applied within a real case study, e-Algeria project; as part of the review of 10 years since its launch in 2013. The objective was to evaluate the agility of TAWASSOL framework that is designed to be one-stop-shop for government services.
Odd presentation of shunt malfunction: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Kankam Samuel Berchi , Karami Sajedeh , Nejat Amirhosein , Meybodi Keivan Tayyebi , Habibi Zohreh , Nejat Farideh
Published: February 2023

Objective
Children with previous ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion may refer to the hospital with various clinical complaints. Shunt malfunction is frequently diagnosed in these children necessitating shunt revision. Although increased head circumference, setting sun eye in younger children and headache, nausea/ vomiting, loss of consciousness, visual disturbance, and so on are common clinical manifestations of shunt malfunction, some patients may present with odd or unusual presentation. Here, we present a series of patients with previous shunt insertions who presented with odd and unexpected clinical manifestations.
Methods
Eight children with shunt malfunction were enrolled in this series. The age, sex, age of shunting, etiology of hydrocephalus and management, post-shunt insertion symptoms/sign, revision surgery, outcome and follow-up were evaluated.
Results
Patients were aged from 1 to 13 years (mean, 6.38 years). There were 5 males and 3 females. The odd presentation associated with shunt malfunction included facial palsy in three children, ptosis in 3 children, and torticollis and dystonia in 2 children. All patients underwent shunt revision except for one patient in whom a new shunt was inserted. Follow-up showed improved clinical presentation in all patients.
Conclusion
In this series, we reported eight patients with unusual signs and symptoms following shunt malfunction that were successfully diagnosed and managed.
Life history and population growth parameters of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) fed on 10 rice cultivars and lines
Authors: Majd-Marani Shadi , Naseri Bahram , Hassanpour Mahdi , Razmjou Jabraeil , Jalaeian Mahdi
Published: February 2023

The rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzaeL. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereal grains globally. In this study, we evaluated the grain resistance of different rice cultivars (Anam, Gilar, Hashemi, Keshvari, Rash, and Tisa) and lines (8608, MN-7, TH-1, and TH-2) using life history and life table parameters ofS. oryzaeunder laboratory conditions (28 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity, and complete darkness). The immature survival ofS. oryzaedecreased significantly when it was reared on Rash. Among tested grains, developmental time was the longest on Rash and the shortest on Hashemi. Compared with the other cultivars and lines, the fecundity (number of eggs laid) was significantly lowest on Rash. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was recorded inS. oryzaereared on Hashemi and the lowest was on Rash. The grain weight loss (%) was the highest whenS. oryzaewas fed on Anam and TH-1, and lowest when it was reared on Rash. Significant negative correlations were recorded between the starch, protein and total phenolics content of tested grains and fecundity,rm, net reproductive rate (R0), and finite rate of increase (λ) ofS. oryzae. The present research revealed that Rash cultivar was more unsuitable toS. oryzaethan the other cultivars and lines because of slow developmental time, poor fecundity, low grain weight loss and lowrmvalue on this cultivar. Our results could help to select resistant rice cultivars toS. oryzaefor production of transgenic grains.
Halocynthiibacter halioticoli sp. nov., isolated from the viscera of abalone Haliotis discus hannai
Authors: Zhang Dan-Dan , Yue Yu-Yan , Zhang Meng-Di , Du Zong-Jun
Published: February 2023

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, glide, non-flagellated, and facultatively aerobic bacterial strain, designated as Z654T, was isolated from the gut of abalone Haliotis discus hannai from Rongcheng, Shandong province, China. Cells are 0.2–0.8 µm in width and 0.7–3.4 µm in length. Cells grew best at 30°C (range, 15–37°C), pH 7 (range, 6.0–8.5) and NaCl concentration of 2.0% (w/v) (range, 1–10%). According to the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain belongs to the genus Halocynthiibacter and the most close strain is Halocynthiibacter arcticus KCTC 42129T (97.12%). The genome size of strain Z654T was 3296250 bp and the DNA G + C content was 54.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) scores and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) scores with H. arcticus KCTC 42129T was 70% and 14.6–18.2% respectively. The predominant quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C18:0, C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed future 8. The polar lipids were consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified aminolipid and unidentifed lipids. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain Z654T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halocynthiibacter, for which the name Halocynthiibacte halioticoli sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is Z654T (= MCCC 1H00503T = KCTC 92003T).
The SWAP Filter: A Simple Azimuthally-Varying Radial Filter for Wide-Field EUV Solar Images
Authors: Seaton Daniel B. , Berghmans David , De Groof Anik , D'Huys Elke , Nicula Bogdan , Rachmeler Laurel A. , West Matthew J.
Published: February 2023

We present the SWAP Filter: an azimuthally varying, radial normalizing filter specifically developed for EUV images of the solar corona. We discuss the origins of our technique, its implementation and key user-configurable parameters, and highlight its effects on data via a series of examples. We discuss the filter's strengths in a data environment in which wide field-of-view observations that specifically target the low signal-to-noise middle corona are newly available and expected to grow in the coming years.
Stability of ENSO teleconnections during the last millennium in CESM
Authors: Han Xue , Li Yanjie , Liu Fei , Li Jinbao , Zhen Xiaotong , Feng Licheng
Published: February 2023

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) poses large impacts on global climate through atmospheric teleconnections. Understanding the stability of ENSO teleconnections is not only important for future weather forecast and climate projection, but also for paleo-proxy based ENSO reconstructions. In this study, we explore decadal changes in ENSO teleconnections on global land surface temperature (LST) from 850 to 2005 AD using 13 ensemble members of the Community Earth System Model-Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME). The CESM can simulate the main cooling in Eurasia along with a warming Arctic over northern Canada and Greenland, known as the warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern, during the boreal winter of an El Niño, as well as western Antarctic warming during El Niño developing and decaying summers. The decadal changes in ENSO teleconnections on LST show large anomalies with pattern highly similar to WACE and western Antarctic warming in winter and summers, respectively. The decadal changes are mainly caused by ENSO precipitation-excited Rossby wave source to the west or east of Hawaii, and LST response over South Siberia to ENSO and associated precipitation response over North Eurasia can even reverse sign during different phases of this decadal variability. The decadal changes in CESM may be related to the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and thus are likely attributed to internal variability rather than external forcing. Our results suggest that the decadal variability in ENSO teleconnections should be considered when reconstructing the ENSO using proxies from the Eurasian regions.
Time matters? The baby's months moderate social support’s predictive effect on the positive affect in Chinese postpartum women
Authors: He Shanshan , Chen Yihua , Li Yanhong
Published: February 2023

Purpose : Becoming a mother is a challenging journey which mixes varying levels of negative and positive affect. The predictive effect of perceived social support on positive affect in postpartum remains unknown, especially how this effect timely changes. This study aims to examine maternal role adaptation’s mediating effect on the relation among perceived social support and positive affect, and the moderating effect of the baby's months on these relations.
Methods A clinical survey was conducted from June to July, 2019 in Shanghai, China, Total 498 new mothers who gave birth within 1 year completed questionnaires. They reported babies' months and socio-demographic information and accomplished the Maternal Social Support Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Maternal Role Adaptation Scale.
Results Results showed that social support positively correlated with maternal role adaption and positive affect. Maternal role adaptation was testified to be the mediator between social support and positive affect after controlling for age, years of marriage, employment status, household income, education, and birth order. The baby's months moderated the mediating effect of maternal role adaption on positive affect. This mediating effect only exists for the participants whose babies were less than 6 months.
Conclusion The findings reveal the exact time window of social support's predictive role in enhancing positive affect in postpartum women. The timely clinical services towards improving positive affect in postpartum should be paid more attention to, and the "golden period" is suggested before the baby's six months.
Monitoring of Avalanche Danger on the Territory of North Ossetia
Authors: Vinogradov Yu. A. , Kulichkov S. N. , Milekhina A. M. , Fedorov A. V. , Fedorov I. S. , Zakirov M. N.
Published: February 2023

Avalanches are a dangerous natural phenomenon that has a significant negative impact on infrastructure facilities located on the territory of North Ossetia. Avalanches cause damage to settlements and tourist infrastructure, communication routes, power lines and forestlands. More often than others, highways suffer from avalanches, blockages on which lead to long breaks in traffic. The need to create monitoring systems to assess and promptly predict the consequences of possible emergencies caused by avalanches, the interface of such systems with local warning systems of federal executive authorities has been repeatedly discussed at various levels of government, but so far, there are no existing avalanche danger monitoring systems in the Russian Federation.
The Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been conducting experiments for several years to register avalanches with the help of infrasound sensors. To register the signals, various configurations of infrasound groups consisting of three sensors set apart in space were used. As a result of the experiments, recordings of infrasound signals were obtained at various distances from the avalanche hearth. The possibility of reliable isolation and identification of infrasound signals caused by avalanches at a distance of up to 10 km is shown. Conclusions are drawn about the high efficiency of the infrasound method for recording avalanche facts. The results obtained made it possible to develop a technique for automatic detection of signals generated by avalanches, to develop an optimal configuration for building a system for continuous monitoring of avalanche activity in the North Caucasus.
Electrochemical deposition of GaTe thin films for photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Mai Manfang , Liao Bin , Liao Yijun , Lin Donghai , Ma Xinzhou
Published: February 2023

GaTe thin films are electrochemically deposited on indium tin oxide for photoelectrochemical applications. The electrochemical deposition behavior of GaTe in acidic solution of HTeO2+ with Ga3+ is studied with cyclic voltammetry combining with operando transmittance spectroscopy. Underpotential deposition of Ga on Te starts at potential of -0.35 V. The present of Ga3+ in the solution can strongly suppressed the formation of H2Te. XPS analysis reveals that Ga-rich GaTe is deposited over a wide potential range. The photoelectrochemical performance of the thin films as photocathodes is strongly dependent on the deposition potential. The GaTe films deposited at -1.0 V produced the highest photocurrent of -0.06 mA cm− 2 with good stability. Meanwhile the film deposited at -0.35 V shows improved performance during photoelectrochemical measurement, which can be ascribed to the increased GaTe content during photoelectrochemical measurements, as confirmed by XPS analysis.
Comparison of Initial Thorax CT Images of COVID-19 Patients with Non-Variant, Alpha, Delta and Omicron Variants: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Altuntas Emrah , Bilgici Meltem Ceyhan , Elmalı Muzaffer , Onar Arda , Bas Orhan
Published: February 2023

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to compare the thorax CT findings, ground glass opacities volumes and ground glass opacities lung uptake rates of patients with SARS CoV-2 non-variant, alpha, delta and omicron variants.
Methods: Thorax CT images of 83 patients with non-variant, 78 patients with alpha variant, 93 patients with delta variant and 73 patients with omicron variant with positive RT-PCR test were analyzed retrospectively. Ground glass opacities volumes and lung volumes were calculated by the Cavalieri Principle. Differences in CT findings, ground-glass opacities volumes, and lung involvement rates between non-variant and variant groups were evaluated.
Carbon footprint effects of shifting from flights to night trains for Swedish tourism
Authors: Morfeldt Johannes , Curtale Riccardo , Kamb Anneli , Larsson Jörgen , Nässén Jonas
Published: February 2023

Changes in travel behaviour are needed to tackle the climate impact associated with long-distance flights, including a switch to sustainable transport modes. In this paper, we analyse scenarios of carbon footprint reduction associated with a switch from flights to night trains for holidays in Europe for the case of Sweden, including outbound, inbound and domestic tourism. We use a prospective lifecycle assessment framework combined with results from a stated preference experiment to determine the impact of future mode shift behaviours. Our results indicate that a mode shift could be triggered by progressive night train policies resulting in (i) fewer transfers and (ii) price levels similar to those of flights. The shifts from flights to night trains could result in 7–9% lower cumulative carbon footprint in relation to a baseline travel demand scenario for the period 2025-2050, depending on the decarbonization pathway. Decarbonization of long-distance travel in line with the Paris Agreement would likely require a combination of many different types of measures including a shift to low-carbon fuels.
Non-invasive digital etching of van der Waals semiconductors
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Chunchen , Shi Li , Chen Xiaoqing , Kim Tae-Soo , Gyeon Minseung , Chen Jian , Wang Jinlan , Yu Linwei , Wang Xinran , Kang Kibum , Orgiu Emanuele , Samori Paolo , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Wang Peng , Shi Yi , Li Songlin
Published: February 2023

The capability to finely tailor material thickness with simultaneous atomic precision and non-invasivity would be useful for constructing quantum platforms and post-Moore microelectronics. However, it remains challenging to attain synchronized controls over tailoring selectivity and precision. Here we report a protocol that allows for non-invasive and atomically digital etching of van der Waals transition-metal dichalcogenides through selective alloying via low-temperature thermal diffusion and subsequent wet etching. The mechanism of selective alloying between sacrifice metal atoms and defective or pristine dichalcogenides is analyzed with high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Also, the non-invasive nature and atomic level precision of our etching technique are corroborated by consistent spectral, crystallographic and electrical characterization measurements. The low-temperature charge mobility of as-etched MoS2reaches up to 1200 cm2V-1s-1, comparable to that of exfoliated pristine counterparts. The entire protocol represents a highly precise and non-invasive tailoring route for material manipulation.
The Language Issue of the National Minorities of Transcarpatia in the Ukrainian Media 2019–2021
Authors: Sharkan Vasyl
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The language issue is very important for Ukraine as a state but it is often speculated on. The adopted laws «On education» (2017) and «On ensuring the functioning of the Ukrainian language as a state» (2019) caused a stir in the media, and representatives of some national minorities declared a threat to the functioning of their languages. The purpose of this article is to analyze the peculiarities of coverage of the issue of the languages of the national minorities of Transcarpathia in the Ukrainian media after the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as a State Language».
Relevance of the study. The article analyzes the content of publications about the languages of national minorities after the adoption of the 2019 law, calculated the dynamics of the number of such publications in online media, determined the relationship to the largest national communities in the region, and also compared the results with Google Trends indicators.
Methodology. The method of content analysis, statistical analysis, and comparative method was used in the article to analyze 110 publications about the languages of the national minorities of Transcarpathia (2019–2021).
Results. The analyzed publications confirm the constant interest of journalists in the issue of the language of the national minorities of Transcarpathia. Most of the publications concern the Hungarian community (76 %), but only a small part concerns the Romanian (4%), Slovak and Roma (2 % each), and German (1 %). In 15% of the publications, several national communities’ problems are covered simultaneously. The study results confirm that representatives of the Hungarian community in Transcarpathia and officials of Hungary are the most active in highlighting the issue of the language of national minorities.
Conclusions. The analyzed media rarely covers the positions of different parties, so it is necessary to increase the «internal» pluralism of opinions in publications, to support publications in which this issue is discussed impartially. In the future, it is necessary to study the issue of publications about national minorities in the Ukrainian media during the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and in view of the fulfillment of the requirements for Ukraine’s membership in the European Union.
Floquet engineering of non-equilibrium superradiance
Authors: Broers Lukas , Mathey Ludwig
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate the emergence of a non-equilibrium superradiant phase
in the dissipative Rabi-Dicke model. This phase is characterized by a
photonic steady state that oscillates with a frequency close to the
cavity frequency, in contrast to the constant photonic steady state of
the equilibrium superradiant phase in the Dicke model. We relate this
superradiant phase to the population inversion of Floquet states by
introducing a Schwinger representation of the driven two-level systems
in the cavity. This inversion is depleted near Floquet energies that are
resonant with the cavity frequency to sustain a coherent light-field. In
particular, our model applies to solids within a two-band approximation,
in which the electrons act as Schwinger fermions. We propose to use this
Floquet-assisted superradiant phase to obtain controllable optical gain
for a laser-like operation.
A comparative study of drought characteristics using meteorological drought indices over the central main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Hailesilassie Wondimu T. , Ayenew Tenalem , Tekleab Sirak
Published: February 2023

Droughts are defined by a prolonged absence of moisture. For making drought assessments, a drought index is a crucial tool. This study aims to compare drought characteristics across the Central Main Ethiopian Rift using three drought indices – the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) – from 1980 to 2017 at six climate sites in spring, summer, and a 6-month period (March - August). With 1% and 5% significance levels, Modified Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope Estimators were used to determine trend and magnitude, respectively. The temporal fluctuations of the three drought indices revealed that droughts are frequent, unpredictable, and random. Furthermore, they behaved similarly and had significant links. At most places, the drought indices found no significant trends. However, in the spring season, Butajira (by the three indices) and Wulbareg (by the SPI) showed significantly decreasing trends (increasing drought severity), with change rates ranging from −0.03 to −0.04/year. A comparison of drought characteristics revealed that droughts have become more severe and frequent in recent decades, with spring being more common than summer. This study, which employed a variety of drought indices, could assist water resource planners better understand drought events.
The characteristics of ‘abrupt wave front’ floods on Pennine catchments, northern England, and their transmission downstream
Authors: Watkiss Sam , Archer David
Published: February 2023

Visible flood waves, described as abrupt wave front events (AWF), have been identified on rivers in northern England rising in the Pennines, from both historical and recent gauged data. The focus of this paper is on the characteristics of two gauged AWF events on the Rivers Wear and Tees in 1983 and their comparison to ‘normal’ floods. The description and analysis is based on contemporaneous photographs and observations and on digital level and flow records. The rapid 15-min rise in these events is compared with the maximum rate of rise in annual maximum peak floods by comparing flood hydrographs. The propagation of the flood wave downstream is illustrated. The 15-min increase in discharge is compared in relation to the peak flow for AWF and normal floods at different gauged locations down the catchments showing striking differences. The character of the AWF response in the vertical or near-vertical wave front and rapid increase in both level and discharge points to the occurrence of kinematic shock waves.
Evaluation of flood susceptibility prediction based on a resampling method using machine learning
Authors: Aldiansyah Septianto , Wardani Farida
Published: February 2023

The largest recorded flood loss occurred in the study area in 2013. This study aims to examine resampling methods (i.e. cross-validation (CV), bootstrap, and random subsampling) to improve the performance of seven basic machine learning algorithms: Generalized Linear Model, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Tree, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Mixture Discriminate Analysis, and Flexible Discriminant Analysis, and found the factors causing flooding and the strongest correlation between variables. The model is evaluated using Area Under the Curve, Correlation, True Skill Statistics, and Deviance. This methodology was applied in Kendari City, an urban area that faced destructive floods. The evaluation results show that CV-RF has a good performance in predicting flood susceptibility in this area with values, AUC = 0.99, COR = 0.97, TSS = 0.90, and deviance = 0.05. A total of 89.44 km2 or equivalent to 32.54% of the total area is a flood-prone area with a dominant area of lowland morphology. Among the 17 parameters that cause flooding, this area is strongly influenced by the vegetation density index and the Terrain Roughness Index (TRI) in the 28 models. The strongest correlation occurs between the TRI and the Sediment Transport Index (STI) = 0.77, which means that flooding in this area is strongly influenced by elements of violence.
Evaluation of water ecological security in Huaihe River Basin based on the DPSIR-EES-SMI-P model
Authors: He Gang , Fu Yiwen , Zhao Shuhang
Published: February 2023

Scientific evaluation of water ecological security has essential theoretical and practical values for protecting and restoring the Huaihe River aquatic ecosystem. Based on the DPSIR-EES model, the water ecological security index (WESI) system of 16 cities in the Anhui section and Shandong section of the Huaihe River Basin was constructed. The ‘single index quantification-multi-index comprehensive-multi-criteria integration’ (SMI-P) evaluation method was used to calculate the WESI of the study area from 2011 to 2020. The spatial autocorrelation model and Markov chain were used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of water ecological security level and the probability of evolution over time. The results show that: (1) The overall WESI of the Huaihe River Basin has increased year by year, but the water ecological security level has been in the early warning (III) stage. Response level and environmental level are the main constraints. (2) During the study period, the spatial distribution of WESI in the Huaihe River Basin was high in the north and south ends and low in the middle. The degree of spatial agglomeration gradually changed from positive correlation to negative correlation. (3) The transfer of water ecological security level has ‘path dependence’ and, ‘self-locking’.
Combined conditioning of inorganic coagulant and polyamine to improve the dewaterability of municipal sludge, minimize dosage and reduce the influence of filtrate
Authors: Hua Baolv , Zhao Shichao , Li Fengting
Published: February 2023

Efficient dewatering of sludge is necessary for its cost-effective transportation and final disposal. However, the common method of using polyferric sulfate (PFS) and polyacrylamide (PAM) requires a large amount of dosage and produces high iron ion content in the filtrate. This study examined a solution of applying polyamine (PA) coupled with inorganic coagulant PFS. The results demonstrated that using PFS + PA together could achieve the same or similar filtering rates as using PFS + PAM. The capillary suction time (CST) of PFS + PA (89.0 s) was equivalent to that of PFS (75.1 s) and better than that of PA (117.1 s) and raw sludge (RS, 403.8 s). Compared with PFS + PAM, the combination of PFS and PA efficiently removed Fe ions and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in sludge water content, with Fe ions in the sludge filtrate reduced by 97.8% and COD reduced by 78.9%, respectively. By analyzing the basic physicochemical properties of the sludge system, including the synergistic effect of coagulation and flocculation, sludge hydrolysis and flocculation, it indicated that PA + PFS could reduce bound water. These results demonstrated that combining PFS and PA to improve sludge dewatering performance is more beneficial than utilizing a coagulant or flocculant alone, even PFS + PAM.
Colchane. La construcción de una crisis humanitaria en la zona fronteriza del norte de Chile
Authors: Stefoni Carolina , Jaramillo Matías , Bravo Aline , Macaya-Aguirre Gustavo
Published: February 2023

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la dualidad que existe en cómo los Estados abordan la actual migración venezolana entre la perspectiva humanitarista y la securitista. A partir de la definición de la migración venezolana como “crisis” y desplazamiento forzado resulta el incremento de medidas más restrictivas y de control fronterizo, el aumento del ingreso irregular y acciones que brindan ayuda humanitaria a quienes se encuentran en condiciones de extrema precariedad y vulnerabilidad, sin resolver la irregularidad ni las consecuencias que tiene esta situación en las personas que llegan a Chile. El artículo toma el caso de la frontera entre Chile y Bolivia y el incremento de ingresos por pasos no habilitados en el cruce de Colchane, se basa en resultados de dos investigaciones llevadas a cabo durante 2021, una por medio de entrevistas cualitativas y observaciones de campo, y otra de los resultados de una encuesta y observaciones de campo.
The Cultural Image of the Monarch in Jordan
Authors: Małachowski Grzegorz
Published: February 2023

King of France, Luis IV said “I am the state”. The rulers of Jordan could repeat that phrase because their country is unique. It is one of a few states holding the name of the ruling family. Like the neighboring Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jordan was created by members of a family after which the country is named. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – this is its full name, was created and ruled by the Hashemites, direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. Monarchs from the Hashemite dynasty have left a distinct mark on the state and people living in it. They adopted certain elements of the local culture and carved a unified, albeit somewhat artificial version out of them. Who are they? How did they achieve it? How are they presented? What is Jordanian culture? And finally, what is the cultural image of monarch of Jordan? These are the questions that the author will try to answer in this paper.
Cognitive and Neurocognitive Potentials of GA’s Acts from the Scene of Language Origin
Authors: Złocka-Dąbrowska Magdalena
Published: February 2023

The objective of the article is to look deeper into the GA’s scene of language origin in order to identify and discuss its acts together with the whole network of the scene’s components. Detailed studies of the nature of these acts and their fons et origo enable the author to unveil the successive levels justifying their presence and discover their cognitive and neurocognitive potentials. Eventually, they lead to intentionality without which it would be impossible for language to emerge and for humans to achieve a state of deferral of intra-human violence.
Józef Hen, reżyser — światy niedokończone
Authors: Gwóźdź Andrzej
Published: February 2023

The article presents peripeteia connected with Józef Hen’s activity as a film director. And while the writer’s relations with cinema are permanent and diverse (ranging from the role of screenwriter, to being an assistant director, to literary leadership of a film group), Hen was a director only twice: once in a film short story Autobusy jak żółwie (Buses like turtles) in an anthology film Weekendy (Weekends, 1963), and for the second time – as an author of a three-episode TV series Perły i dukaty (Pearls and Ducats, 1965, premiere in 1966). The author of the text traces Hen’s artistic output in the context of film activity of writers-film makers (the so-called scriptwriters’ revolt) in the early 1960s, but also relates it to the writer’s cinephile passion. This particularly refers to the film short story, which is here located in a wide socio-cultural environment associated with the formation of youth culture of the Polish Poeple’s Republic in the period of the “minor stabilization”. Regarding the series of Pearls and Ducats, the author examines the role of television as a medium shaping the poetics and styles of reception of these films. Hen’s work as a film director remains an interesting testimony to the 1960s director’s film worlds, which – although closed – seem to be unfinished.
"Bokser i śmierć". Konwencja filmu bokserskiego a opowiadanie o Auschwitz
Authors: Mąka-Malatyńska Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

The author shows Solan’s work The Boxer and Death against the background of Czechoslovakian cinematography productions of the time and interprets it in relation to the literary prototype – a short story by Józef Hen. An important analytical and interpretative context are other film works about boxers-prisoners in concentration camps and sports film conventions.
"Nikt nie woła" Józefa Hena – Polska? Czy jednak życie? W poszukiwaniu żydowskiego „ja”
Authors: Przymuszała Beata
Published: February 2023

The article devoted to the autobiographical layer of Józef Hen’s book Nikt nie woła shows the relationships between its hero, Bożek, and the problem of Jewish identity. Looking for the sense of his own strength the protagonist uses film metaphors. Their use may be related to an anti-Semitic experience: young Hen felt betrayed by a boy who held such views. The confusion he experienced then can still be felt, provoking questions about who you are and who you are feeling.
"Pingpongista": Józefa Hena czytanie Jedwabnego
Authors: Lubelski Tadeusz
Published: February 2023

The paper is about a Józef Hen’s novel The Ping-Pong Player (2008). The author analyzes it as a writer’s response to the war tragedy in Jedwabne (1941). He considers the problem in the various contexts: of history, of Hen’s work, of a contemporary Polish art.