bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Image Annotation and Caption System Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Khalid Hind
Published: April 2024

This study aims to develop an annotation and image annotation system using the Fashion MNIST dataset, which consists of 70,000 grayscale images of ten clothing categories. The system uses a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to generate captions and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract image features. Performance evaluation metrics such as Precision, Recall, F1 score, BLEU score, METEOR score, CIDEr score, and ROUGE-L score are used where the accuracy of each clothing category is calculated to evaluate the performance of the model across different categories. Visual analysis of the generated captions is performed to gain insight into the effectiveness of the model and potential areas for improvement. The results indicate the model's success in classifying clothing items, as evidenced by its high accuracy on the test set. The qualitative study reveals the model's ability to identify different types of clothing by providing relevant captions, where the feature representation layer (normalization) plays a crucial role in transforming the detected features. to a flattened row which is then passed to a fully connected layer to learn the relationships and make final decisions with the output layer using a softmax activation function to assign probabilities to each image class, with the class with the highest probability selected as the predicted image class.
Evaluating the Optimal Performance of skirted footing: A review study
Authors: Saad Fezea Ali , Jafar Mohammed Maki
Published: April 2024

Geotechnical engineers are currently confronted with the challenge of identifying innovative and efficient approaches to increase bearing capacity and minimize foundation settling. As a result, the skirt is regarded as one technique for enhancing the shallow foundation's carrying capability on various soil types. The skirt work mechanism involves the confining of soil beneath the foundation, resulting in a reduction of settling for the foundation. Soil engineers have endeavored to develop this approach as a substitute for pile foundations in normal structures. These foundations exhibit versatility in their applicability, as they may be useful in diverse settings, including marine environments, coastal areas, and arid terrains. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of various research conducted on skirted foundations in different soil conditions. The objective is to assess the increase of bearing capacity and decrease in a settlement achieved via the utilization of skirted foundations. This assessment is based on laboratory testing, field tests, centrifuge models, numerical methods, and theoretical analysis; These investigations are employed to examine the behaviors skirted footing.
Co r-Equality Domination in Graphs
Authors: Alwan Alyaa A. , Najim Alaa A.
Published: April 2024

There are a lot of studies and scientific researches on domination and its different types. We introduce new types of domination. D is known as a co-r-equality dominating set because D ⊆ V(G), such that ∀ v ∈ V — B, where r vertices in D dominate the vertex v, The cardinality minimum of all MCrEDS is known as the co-r-equality dominance number, as shown by γcre(G). We determine best possible upper and lower bounds for Υcrs(G), discussed for several standard graphs such as: complete, complete bipartite, wheel graphs.
Pclf: Parallel cnn-lstm fusion model for sms spam filtering
Authors: Reza Feizi Derakhshi Mohammad , Zafarani-Moattar Elnaz , Ala’a Al-Kabi Hussein , Hashim Jawad Almarashy Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Short Message Service (SMS) is widely used for its accessibility, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness in communication, bank notifications, and identity confirmation. The increase in spam text messages presents significant challenges, including time waste, potential financial scams, and annoyance for users and carriers. This paper proposes a novel deep learning model based on parallel structure in the feature extraction step to address this challenge, unlike the traditional models that only enhance the classifier. This parallel model fuses local and temporal features to enhance feature representation by combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM). The performance of this model has been evaluated on the UCI SMS Collection V.1 dataset, which comprises both spam and ham messages. The model achieves an accuracy of 99.28% on this dataset. Also, the model demonstrates good precision, recall, and F1 score. This paper aims to provide the best protection from unwanted messages for mobile phone users.
Fear induce bistability in an ecoepidemiological model involving prey refuge and hunting cooperation
Authors: Mohammed Alaa Khadim , Majeed Salam Jasim
Published: April 2024

This work included a prey-predator eco-epidemiological model where the predator exhibits hunting cooperation factor, and the infected prey exhibits refuge and fear factors. By merging these factors, we endeavor to prove a thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms that command the stability and dynamics of ecoepidemiological systems. Mathematically the positiveness and boundedness of system solution are established. Existence conditions of system equilibria and their stability are found and analyzed by testing the characteristic equations of the system. Also, numerical simulation is carried out and which showed bistability and different stability behavior of the system as results of the effect of the system’s parameters.
Lower bound for mr (2,41) and related code
Authors: Yahya Hanan Maysar Sabih , Yahya Nada Yassen Kasm
Published: April 2024

A (k, n) - arc is a set of k points of a projective plane such that some n, but no n+1 of them, are collinear. The maximum size of a (k, n) - arc in PG(2 q) is denoted by mr(2, q). In this paper we found mr(2,41) for n = (2,3 ,...,40) ,In this work, we construct a complete (k, n)-arcs in the projective space over Galois field GF(41), we construct the complete(k,n+1)-arcs from the complete (k, n)-arcs, where 2 ≤ n ≤ 42 , by using computer program we added some points of index zero, and found all the complete (k, n)-arcs in PG(2,41) and [k,n,d]_code.
Improving the Security of Internet of Things (IoT) Applications Based on a New Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Hussein Alia A. , Ramadhan Ali J. , TaeiZadeh Ali , Hussein Issa Mohand
Published: April 2024

The Internet of Things, or IoT, is changing practically every aspect of modern life and entering both the business and residential domains. The proliferation of IoT has led to a rise in the frequency of cyber catastrophes. Attackers are using new methods or changing old ones, making the danger more sophisticated. The threat landscape that security professionals face is dynamic, complex, and diversified. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance Internet of Things applications by fusing the swarm intelligence of Salp Swarm Algorithms (SSA) with the predictive power of Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) models. Salp Swarm Algorithms simulate the cooperative behavior of salps in the natural world, wherein individual agents coordinate their actions to achieve common goals. This work uses SSA to optimize the Random Forest and Decision Tree model training process in an IoT context. SSA's collaborative nature makes it easier to explore the solution space effectively, which enhances the models' ability to capture the complex correlations found in IoT data. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated. We were able to attain a maximum accuracy of 95.54% for the Decision Tree of the OT-MQTT dataset and 96.19% for the random forest.
On the Application of the Emad-Sara Transform Technique to the Solution of Complex Differential Equations
Authors: Mansour Eman A. , Kuffi Emad A.
Published: April 2024

When attempting to express a differential equation of the first order, it is usual practice to use the equation represented by dy/dx= f(x,y). The above equation contains a function denoted by the notation embodied by f(x,y), defined on a portion of the xy-plane and dependent on two variables, x, and y, which are independent variables. The equation considered to be of the first order is the one that has just the first derivative, which is denoted by the notation dy/dx since there are no higher-order derivatives present in the equation. It is usual practice to make use of the differential equation when attempting to explain the connection that exists between a function and the derivatives of that function. Using this technique to identify functions inside a given domain in physics, chemistry, and many other fields of science is feasible. In order to do so, it is necessary to have previous knowledge about functions and the derivatives of those functions. In this article, the Emad-Sara transformation is presented as a method for identifying the general solution of complex differential equations of the first order that have constant coefficients. This transformation may be used to get the general solution of these equations. This approach, which is both practical and economical, may be used to find solutions to a wide variety of linear operator equations. These equations can range from simple to complex
Constructing a Cryptosystem Algorithm by Applying the Rosenberg-Strong Pairing Function on the Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Authors: Namous Sarah.H. , Habib Hamza B. , Khalaf Rifaat Z.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to improve the security of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography algorithm, ECC, using the Rosenberg-Strong pairing function. In the proposed algorithm, the Rosenberg-Strong pairing function is applied to the EEC to convert the two ciphertexts (two points on the elliptic curve) to only one ciphertext (one point on the elliptic curve). That is, only one ciphertext is transmitted in the proposed algorithm leading to less transmitting time compared with the classical EEC. The analysis of security illustrates that the proposed algorithm is secure against the attacks of the most common attacking algorithms. Therefore, using the proposed algorithm reduces the transmitting time and provides a high-security level. Thus, the proposed algorithm is secure and efficient, and it provides less transmitting time compared with the classical ECC.
Research of photovoltaic properties of cogeneration cylindrical photovoltaic module for hybrid solar panels
Authors: Halko Serhii , Dyadenchuk Alena , Halko Kateryna
Published: April 2024

Solar energy is the most efficient and cleanest source of energy, as well as a cheap and eternal source of renewable energy. Improving the energy efficiency of solar panels will optimize their energy characteristics and operating modes, taking into account the load and solar radiation energy. The work is aimed at studying photosensitive structures based on porous Si and ZnO that are promising for solar energy. To increase the efficiency of solar panels, hybrid panels based on cogeneration photovoltaic modules of cylindrical shape cooled by liquid have been developed. This will open up the possibility of creating hybrid solar photovoltaic panels for simultaneous the generation of electricity and heat. A scheme for a hybrid solar panel device using a cooled cogeneration cylindrical photomodule based on ZnO/porous-Si/Si heterostructures is proposed. Using the PC1D program, the light characteristics of the manufactured structure (no-load voltage VOC, short-circuit current ISC, fill factor FF, and efficiency η) were calculated and the volt-ampere characteristics were plotted. The influence of porous-Si and ZnO layer thickness, texture, and doping level of the ZnO layer, as well as the effect of temperature on the performance of a ZnO/porous-Si/Si heterojunction solar cell was investigated in order to obtain a device with good conversion efficiency. It has been established that the energy conversion efficiency of a cogeneration cylindrical photomodule based on ZnO/porous-Si/Si heterostructures can reach 23.9 %.
Optoelectronic methane sensor based on two-color led module
Authors: Ergashev Shohbozjon , Kochkorova Gulnara , Xalilov Durbek , Tishabayeva Irodaxon , Тeshaboyev Muhiddinjon , Tashlanova Nigora
Published: April 2024

The article proposes an optoelectronic two-wave method for monitoring the methane content in the atmosphere. Spectral characteristics are given two-color LED module LED39, LED32, photodiode PD36 and methane absorption spectrum. An optoelectronic sensor for monitoring the methane content in the atmosphere with high measurement accuracy has been developed, and its block diagram is shown. In an optoelectronic sensor for monitoring methane content in the atmosphere A two-color LED module with emission spectra of 3.2 microns (reference) and LEDs with emission spectra of 3.4 microns (working) were used . To increase the optical power of LEDs (3.2 and 3.4 microns), a design with more efficient heat removal and a parabolic reflector design for LEDs, which focuses IR radiation at an angle of 8-10 degrees, have been proposed. LED crystals with emission spectra of 3.2 microns and 3.4 microns are mounted in one housing to ensure high accuracy and sensitivity of the device.
Parametric optimization of a multi-output electromagnetic mechatron module
Authors: Siddikov Isamiddin , Rakhimov Temurbek
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the optimal dimensions of the design of reciprocating linear electromagnetic engine. As an optimization criterion, the parameters of the mechatron module based on the multi-output linear electromagnetic motor are determined by means of a constructive calculation scheme and its variable parameters are determined by the method of non-linear programming, the geometric dimensions are simplified, the mass of the electromagnetic motor body, the mass of the motor armature and the masses of the motor stator and the restrictions on their dimensions are determined the issues of finding optimal solutions are considered. Optimization of mechatronic modules based on multi-output linear electromagnetic motors on various parameters leads to increase in dynamic performance of the executive organ, saving energy consumption, and allows to improve performance and service quality. Also, based on the analysis of the existing electromagnetic linear motors, the structural scheme of the mechatron module based on the multi-output linear electromagnetic engines, which allows to perform step movements according to spatial coordinates with high accuracy and speed, is presented. The algorithmic basis of computing is based on the weight and size characteristics of execution mechanisms, and it has been proposed to allow solving optimal design tasks of execution mechanisms taking into account zvenolar lengths, displacements, speeds and accelerations during movement, as well as creating robotic systems with high performance in service. This structure serves to ensure the interaction of the executive body with the object in the links of industrial robots.
Increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of an optoelectronic gas analyzer
Authors: Komilov Abdullajon , Xatamova Zumradxon , Rustamov Ilhomidin , Xolmatov Shaxobidin , Arabboyev Xurshidbek , Ibragimov Navro'zbek
Published: April 2024

The work analyzes the main ways to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of optical methods of gas analysis. A mathematical model of multiple reflection of optical radiation in a gas chamber is obtained and the main factors influencing the sensitivity of the gas analyzer are determined.
Investigation of transients in asynchronous generators used in microhydroelectric power plants
Authors: Pirmatov Nurali , Matqosimov Muhammadsodiq , Mahamadjonov Sodiqjon , Xolmatov Erkinjon
Published: April 2024

In this article, a study of transients in autonomous asynchronous generators used in microgenerators is carried out. This article analyzes the transients occurring in an asynchronous generator by starting an asynchronous motor by exciting an asynchronous generator using capacitor elements of reactive power consumption. To start the asynchronous generator, mechanical energy is supplied to the shaft of the asynchronous motor at a speed 5-10% higher than the nominal number of revolutions, after which the asynchronous motor starts working in generator mode and generates electricity. To launch the CASSY Lab program, the electrical parameters of an asynchronous generator were considered, as well as transients occurring in operating modes by digitally transmitting the parameters of the electrical energy generated by the generator. Starting an asynchronous generator with the help of this program, a real experimental test was also carried out to determine the sinusoidal forms of voltage and current in three phases in the yuksiz, load and overload operating modes. In the course of a real experiment, it was concluded that the improvement of transients occurring in the modes of operation of an asynchronous generator, i.e. transients during the transition from a non-loading mode of operation to a mode of operation with a load, depends on the mechanical energy transmitted to the shaft of an asynchronous generator for grinding.
Renewable energy integration for lower emission planning and achieving regional energy independence: study in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ismail Syadan Hussein , Setiartiti Lilies
Published: April 2024

We propose and try to find a model renewable energy integration for lower emission and achieving regional energy independence. The research uses three stages. First, building an energy system model, to analyze the impact of implementing energy efficiency programs. The second stage is developing an integrated model from the energy demand and supply. Finally, arranging a mitigation scenarios to develop a low-carbon energy and achieving energy independence. Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software was utilized to simulate two scenarios are used to analyze energy demand and supply, namely Baseline scenarios and Mitigation scenarios. Mitigation Scenario is a combination of Energy Efficiency (EE) scenario, Fuel Substitution (FS), mode change scenario (MC), and efficient vehicle (EV) scenario and is used to analyze their impact on energy demand and GHG emissions. The results showed that mitigation scenarios can reduce energy demand by 22.86% when compared to the baseline scenario. In 2050, energy demand based on the mitigation scenario is 147.15 x 103 TJ, higher than based on the baseline scenario, which energy demand is 113.52 x 103 TJ. The cumulative of GHG emission reaches 1,369.37 x 103 Tons of CO2 Equivalent, based on the baseline scenario, can be reduced 13.54% by mitigation scenario. These results are robust. Overall, this research finding provides some possible steps to develop Yogyakarta energy independence and other regions.
Comparison between NTRU, Polynomial RSA, and PH-RSA
Authors: Najah Abass Banen , Rashed Yassein Hassan
Published: April 2024

It has become necessary to find new encryption methods that guarantee data integrity as a result of the advancement of technology. For this reason, we presented in this research a comparison between the three cryptosystems: NTRU, polynomial RSA, and PH-RSA in terms of the level of security so that it is easier for the user to choose the appropriate method according to the nature of the transmitted data.
Simulation of physical processes based on visual basic medium
Authors: Nasirov Murad , Ismailov Umidjan , Janibekova Sevara
Published: April 2024

The simulation of physical processes using the example of the movement of a body on dependence of the angle to the horizon using the graphical capabilities of the Visual Basic programming language. A new expression has been proposed, that allows one determine the throwing angle of a body at a given initial speed and target coordinates. The created program consists of three parts. The first part is designed to simulate movement based on the entered initial velocity and throwing angle. The second part allows determine the throwing angle for given v0, x, y. In the third part is possible to observe the body (projectile) hitting the target. A specific aspect of the proposed program is that the user can independently perform, observe, compare and draw conclusions in a short time. The program can be used for independent studying and teaching of physics.
On analytical study of heat transfer phenomenon in special-shape soldering iron
Authors: Qodirov Xasanboy , Rajabova Xurshida , Аbdullajonova Nurzoda , Otaxonova Zamiraxon , Аliev Ibratjon , Abdurakhmon Sultonali , Sayitov Shavkat
Published: April 2024

The work presents the results of the analytical solution of the phenomenon of heat transfer in soldering iron of a special shape. For analysis, differential equations in partial derivatives from many variables were used, where initial and boundary conditions were given, according to experimental data. Partial equations were obtained in the process of solving by the method of separating variables. The resulting finite function of coordinate variables in the cylindrical coordinate system and time is derived from the original equation.
Automated control system and processing of object temperature parameters
Authors: Nigmatov Azizjon , Sherbaev Murod , Mukhamedkhanov Ulugbek , Yeshmatova Barno , Yunusova Sayyora
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the research and development of intelligent object temperature control systems. We will consider the relevance of using such systems in modern industry, pose problems related to temperature control, propose solutions that include machine learning methods and optimization algorithms, and draw conclusions about the applicability of this approach.
Study of the process of obtaining fuel briquettes from production waste
Authors: Kholmurodova Dilafruz , Kiyamova Dilfuza , Rakhmonova Feruza , Bakhromova Barno
Published: April 2024

Wastes from the coal industry, the oil and fat industry, and the processing of agricultural products can be turned into high-quality fuel raw materials. In this regard, research and development is underway in many countries, the results of which are new types of fuel. the results obtained, based on a scientifically based approach to the selection of effective compositions of organomineral components, made it possible to develop effective compositions of coal briquettes; Based on the research results, optimal compositions of effective coal briquettes based on organomineral ingredients from local raw materials and industrial wastes have been developed.
Surface morphology analysis of silicon doped with erbium atoms
Authors: Utamuradova Sharifa , Khamdamov Jonibek , Zarifbayev Jasur , Fayzullaev Kakhramon
Published: April 2024

This scientific work presents an analysis of the structural and electrical properties of light-emitting structures based on a single crystal of silicon doped with the rare earth element. As a result of thermal treatment of the initial samples at a temperature of 1200 ºC, it was found that the surface relief width of the sample decreased by 1.5÷2 times and the surface height increased by 3 times. According to the atomic force microscope analysis, it was found that n-Si samples have nanostructured surface defects with a surface relief width of 20÷300 nm and a height of 9÷42 nm. It was found that impurity atoms have a significant effect on the quantitative parameters of the initial sample atoms. As a result of the introduction of Er atoms into the control sample, it was determined that the number of technological impurities (O, C) increased by 10-15% by introducing one of the rare-earth elements (Er).
Towards the justification of optimal volumes of repair production of locomotives of diesel tractions
Authors: Ablyalimov Oleg , Adilova Nazdana
Published: April 2024

A methodology and algorithm for determining the optimal volume of repairs with known cyclicity of repair production and between-repair runs of mainline diesel locomotives of the TE10 series and the UzTE16M series in various sectional designs is presented. The basic component of this methodology is the dynamic programming method in combination with the reliability characteristics of diesel locomotive components and probabilistic and statistical methods for their calculation. Planning of optimal volumes of repairs is carried out on the basis of a minimax criterion based on the value of the total operating costs for the maintenance of each repair unit of a diesel locomotive. It is recommended to continue this research with the aim of drawing up block diagrams and developing working programs for computer hardware and software systems and computers with their subsequent implementation in the practice of working the locomotive complex of the Uzbek Railway.
Tourist mobility: sociological theory and implementation practices
Authors: Nikolaienko Volodymyr
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the connection between the sociology of tourism and the general sociological theory of mobility, which leads to an understanding of modern tourist mobility not as a process of revealing the will of individuals to learn about different cultures, but as a system of social constructions that exist in the form of tourism practices and are focused on maximizing profits for global tour operators. The methodology. The method of the propositional analysis is aimed at identifying logically based semantic units with the aim of selecting and synthesizing reliable knowledge expressed in texts written on issues of sociology of tourism and the general sociological theory of mobility. Scientific novelty is in clarifying the concept of tourist mobility and tourist practices; in revealing that they are largely the result of commercially oriented social construction carried out in the interests of global tour operators; in demonstrating that commercial and non-commercial tourist mobility entail incompatible social consequences. Conclusions. The article is devoted to current problems of modern sociology of tourism in its connection with the general theory of mobility (one of the founders of which was the British sociologist John Urry) that complemented the “old” theory of social mobility by the doctrine of the movement of people, goods, capital, information, etc. in geographical space. Now society has come to be understood as a mobile structure consisting of many mobile practices (including tourism) that can be aimed at either developing essential strength of people or control over their consciousness and behavior.
Dynamic Analysis of RCC Elevated Water Tank Considering Effect of Conventional and Composite Staging
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Tiwary Aditya Kumar
Published: April 2024

The raised water tank is the most significant building for storing huge amounts of water at a certain elevation to distribute the water in the surrounding area for survival purposes and to develop pressure for the distribution system. As elevated tanks are commonly utilized in seismically active areas, their seismic design must be thoroughly examined. The sloshing of the water during an earthquake may be one of the most important aspects for specific proportions of the tank and construction. The fluid-structure interaction complicates the dynamic analysis of a liquid-filled tank. As a result, there is a need to concentrate on the seismic safety of lifeline structures in terms of seismic design systems that are both safe during earthquakes and can sustain higher design forces. In this study, an elevated water tank is analyzed under seismic loading by considering conventional RCC staging and composite staging. The main focus of the study was to reduce the damage to the water tank under dynamic loading and to know the effect of composite member staging on the design performance of the water tank. The results were collected in terms of maximum base shear, overturning moment, displacement of tank etc. After performing the study, it was seen that composite columns in the staging of overhead water tanks improve the performance under seismic loading and help to control the roof displacement of the overhead water tank due to more stiffness provided by composite columns.
Mathematical modeling of the effect of SEN outport shape on the bubble size distribution in a wide slab caster mold
Authors: Zhou Haichen , He Wenyuan , Ji Chenxi , Yang Xiaoshan , Li Haibo , Dong Wenliang , Jia Liubing , Liu Baisong
Published: April 2024

Herein, the effects of outport shapes of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) on the size distribution of argon bubbles were studied in a wide slab caster mold by the mathematical modeling. The Eulerian–Eulerian model coupled with Multiple-Size-Group (MUSIG) approach were used to solve equations of the two phase flow and polydispersed bubbly flow in the mold, respectively. The effect of the SEN outport angle and shape on the distribution of the molten steel flow, argon gas volume fraction, and argon bubble size were investigated. The outport shapes of the SEN included large rectangular, small rectangular, square, trapezoid, and runway. Results showed that the speed of molten steel increased within the range of 260 mm from the SEN, and decreased within the range of 550 mm from the narrow face with the outport angle of SEN increased from 20° to 45°. The bubble diameter was 5.7 mm at 255 mm distance from the SEN along the mold width at different outport angles. The average speed of molten steel at the outport of SEN decreased from 0.91 to 0.72 m/s with the outport shape changed from small rectangular to runway, trapezoid, square and large rectangular. The average diameter of bubbles was approximate 5.2 mm at the outport for the five types of nozzles, and increased from 3.2 to 3.45 mm inside the mold with the outport shape changed from the runway to square, trapezoid, large rectangular and small rectangular, indicating the rate of bubble breakup was larger with the runway and square SEN casting.
Precisely constructing orbital coupling-modulated iron dinuclear site for enhanced catalytic ozonation performance
Authors: Qu Wei , Tang Zhuoyun , Tang Su , Zhong Tao , Zhao Huinan , Tian Shuanghong , Shu Dong , He Chun
Published: April 2024

The advancement of atomically precise dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts holds great potential in achieving efficient catalytic ozonation performance and contributes to the understanding of synergy mechanisms during reaction conditions. Herein, we demonstrate a “ship-in-a-bottle and pyrolysis” strategy that utilizes Fe
2
(CO)
9
dinuclear-cluster to precisely construct Fe
2
site, consisting of two Fe
1
-N
3
units connected by Fe-Fe bonds and firmly bonded to N-doped carbon. Systematic characterizations and theoretical modeling reveal that the Fe-Fe coordination motif markedly reduced the devotion of the antibonding state in the Fe-O bond because of the strong orbital coupling interaction of dual Fe
d
-
d
orbitals. This facilitates O-O covalent bond cleavage of O
3
and enhances binding strength with reaction intermediates (atomic oxygen species; *O and *OO), thus boosting catalytic ozonation performance. As a result, Fe dinuclear site catalyst exhibits 100% ozonation efficiency for CH
3
SH elimination, outperforming commercial MnO
2
catalysts by 1,200-fold. This research provides insights into the atomic-level structure–activity relationship of ozonation catalysts and extends the use of dinuclear catalysts in catalytic ozonation and beyond.
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai) Crous & W. Gams
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2024

A new distribution map is provided for Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai) Crous & W. Gams Eurotiomycetes: Chaetotyriales: Herpotrichiellaceae Main host: grapevine (
Vitis vinifera
).
Describing adverse events in an animal-assisted intervention organization: Recommendations for prevention and management
Authors: Ng Zenithson , Svensson Laurence , Souza Marcy , Albright Julia
Published: April 2024

Little is known about adverse events surrounding animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) since they are reluctantly reported and uncommonly discussed in the literature. Voluntarily reported adverse events occurring within an AAI program in the south-east United States over a 5-year period (2015–2019) were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen adverse events were reported with four events resulting in injury to a human while engaged in AAI. Nine of the 13 animals involved in adverse events were reported in their first year of service. Outcomes of adverse events were based on severity of the event and likelihood of recurrence. All animal-handler teams involved in adverse events that occurred outside of the AAI setting (3/13) were retired and of the remaining 10 adverse events that occurred while engaged in AAI, three animal-handler teams returned to work, three returned to modified work, and four were retired. These findings indicate that adverse events do occur in AAI, although they are typically not severe in nature. When they do occur, retirement of the animal-handler team is not compulsory. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations are offered for potentially preventing, managing, and determining outcomes of adverse events.
A Design Pattern of IAPVS Platform Based on Distributed Edge Computing
Authors: Cheng Xiaoling , Xu Mengxi , Yan Xijun , Yang Yang , Xu Yue , Ruan Yinglan
Published: April 2024

Traditional video surveillance is difficult to effectively cope with real-time interaction between end side devices of over ten thousand scale and data centers, and these devices are widely dispersed and deployed on a large scale. They cannot meet the needs of diverse scenarios monitoring and smart applications such as security, urban comprehensive management, ports, mines, water conservancy, power, industrial manufacturing and other fields. Based on the analysis of the problems in the popular intelligent video surveillance system, this paper proposes the design mode of an intelligent video surveillance intelligent analysis platform (IAPVS) based on distributed edge computing by improving the existing centralized video cloud computing architecture.This design pattern provides a new overall design solution for the development of platform of intelligent video analysis suitable for diverse scenarios and smart application fields.
An Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method that Combines Operating Condition Attribute Encoding and Multi-scale Cascading Concept
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Hao Chuangbo , Bai Yang , Zhang Tong
Published: April 2024

In order to improve the generalization ability of the model under different working conditions and the robustness of intelligent fault diagnosis, and learn a broader feature representation, this paper proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis method that integrates working condition attribute encoding and multi-scale cascade concepts. This method integrates working condition information into vibration data by introducing methods such as working condition attribute coding, multi-scale cascade modules and quadruple losses, and effectively extracts invariant features. this method trains the fault classification model through a three-stage training process. Finally, the objective is to accomplish fault diagnosis in diverse operational scenarios. Experimental results show that this method improves the fault diagnosis accuracy across diverse operational conditions, indicating that the model has good generalization ability.
Study on Illuminance Control based on Arduino Method
Authors: Gao Yingming , Han Dongling
Published: April 2024

The paper presents a method for achieving constant illumination control by integrating various technologies, including Arduino technology, LED driver technology, and control technology. The HV9910B constant current drive chip is used to design a high-power LED driver in the form of an Arduino expansion board. The performance of the driver is tested, including efficiency testing and waveform testing. The PID control library of Arduino is utilized to write the control program rapidly. Illumination control experiments are conducted with expected results.
A Inverter Dead-time Compensation Method Based on Phase current Polarity Determination and Voltage Partitioning
Authors: Zhao Xu , Xu Zhenxiang , Wang Shouhao , Wu Hongxing
Published: April 2024

The introduction of the dead time of the inverter solves the straight-arm conduction problem of the upper and lower power devices of the inverter, but also leads to the deviation of the actual output voltage of the inverter from the given voltage. Dead time increases the harmonic components of phase voltage and phase current, which is also an important factor leading to motor torque ripple. In this paper, the mechanism of the deviation of phase voltage and phase current caused by the dead time of voltage space vector modulation is analyzed, and the effect of dead time on phase voltage and phase current harmonic components is studied. A simple and effective dead time compensation method based on phase voltage division and phase current polarity determination is proposed to directly compensate the dead time. This method can suppress the current harmonic and torque ripple in the running state of the motor, and can greatly simplify the calculation process of the traditional dead time compensation method. Through the system modeling and simulation, it is verified that the method can significantly improve the current waveform distortion, and has good practical value.
Research on Intelligent Computing Methods for Multistep Process Capability
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Ma Yanjiao , Cheng Jielin , Li Panpan , Du Linfeng , Zhang Tinghua , Yun Lei
Published: April 2024

In the context of the deep integration of artificial intelligence and industrial fields, precise calculation of multi-step process capability has become a current research hotspot. In most industrial fields, the estimation of multi-step process capability is mostly in the rough estimation stage, and there are relatively few precise quantitative calculation methods. This paper focuses on multi-step processes in the industrial field, using deep learning models to learn the features of each step step step by step, and then comprehensively estimating the weights between each step, ultimately achieving accurate prediction of multi-step process capabilities. This paper conducts in-depth analysis of the performance and efficiency of different models on such problems by designing a large number of validation experiments, and also provides ideas and suggestions for subsequent research in this field.
Analyzing the effects of drought at different time scales on cause-specific mortality in South Africa
Authors: Salvador Coral , Nieto Raquel , Kapwata Thandi , Wright Caradee Y , Reason Chris , Gimeno Luis , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana M
Published: April 2024

South Africa (SA) is highly vulnerable to the effects of drought on the environment, economy, and society. However, its effect on human health remains unclear. Understanding the mortality risk associated with different types of droughts in different population groups and by specific causes would help clarify the potential mechanisms involved. The study aims to comprehensively assess the effect of droughts of varying time scales on cause-specific mortality (all; infectious and parasitic; endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic; cardiovascular; respiratory) in SA (from 2009–2016) and identify more vulnerable profiles based on sex and age. We also evaluated the urbanicity and district-level socioeconomic deprivation as potential risk modifiers. We used a two-stage time-series study design, with the weekly standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) calculated at 1, 6, 12, and 15 months of accumulation to identify droughts of different duration (SPEI1, 6, 12, 15, respectively). We applied a quasi-Poisson regression adjusted by mean temperature to assess the association between each type of drought and weekly mortality in all district municipalities of SA, and then pooled the estimates in a meta-regression model. We reported relative risks (RRs) for one unit increase of drought severity. Overall, we found a positive association between droughts (regardless the time scale) and all causes of death analyzed. The strongest associations were found for the drought events more prolonged (RR [95%CI]: 1.027 [1.018, 1.036] (SPEI1); 1.035 [1.021, 1.050] (SPEI6); 1.033 [1.008, 1.058] (SPEI12); 1.098 [1.068, 1.129] (SPEI15)) and respiratory mortality (RRs varied from 1.037 [1.021, 1.053] (SPEI1) to 1.189 [1.14, 1.241] (SPEI15)). An indication of greater vulnerability was found in younger adults for the shortest droughts, in older adults for medium-term and long-term droughts, and children for very long-term droughts. However, differences were not significant. Further evidence of the relevance of urbanicity and demographic and socioeconomic conditions as potential risk modifiers is needed.
Measurements regarding a combined therapy concept for ophthalmic tumors consisting of brachytherapy and x-rays
Authors: Manke H , Fluehs D , Stroth M , Bechrakis N E , Foerster A M H , Albrecht J
Published: April 2024

Objective. We present a novel concept to treat ophthalmic tumors which combines brachytherapy and low-energy x-ray therapy. Brachytherapy with 106Ru applicators is inadequate for intraocular tumors with a height of 7 mm or more. This results from a steep dose gradient, and it is unfeasible to deliver the required dose at the tumor apex without exceeding the maximum tolerable sclera dose of usually 1000 Gy to 1500 Gy. Other modalities, such as irradiation with charged particles, may be individually contraindicated. A dose boost at the apex provided by a superficial x-ray therapy unit, performed simultaneously with the brachytherapy, results in a more homogeneous dose profile than brachytherapy alone. This avoids damage to organs at risk. The applicator may also serve as a beam stop for x-rays passing through the target volume, which reduces healthy tissue dosage. This study aims to investigate the suitability of the applicator to serve as a beam stop for the x-rays. Approach. A phantom with three detector types comprising a soft x-ray ionization chamber, radiochromic films, and a self-made scintillation detector was constructed to perform dosimetry. Measurements were performed using a conventional x-ray unit for superficial therapy to investigate the uncertainties of the phantom and the ability of the applicator to absorb x-rays. The manufacturer provided a dummy plaque to obtain x-ray dose profiles without noise from 106Ru decays. Results. The phantom is generally feasible to obtain dose profiles with three different detector types. The interaction of x-rays with the silver of the applicator leads to an increased dose rate in front of the applicator. The dose rate of the x-rays is reduced by up to 90% behind a 106Ru applicator. Therefore, a 106Ru applicator can be used as a beam stop in combined x-ray and brachytherapy treatment.
Differential responses of respiration and photosynthesis to air temperature over a moist tundra ecosystem of Alaska and its impact on changing carbon cycle
Authors: Lee Ji-Yeon , Chae Namyi , Kim Yongwon , Yun Juyeol , Jeong Sujong , Choi Taejin , Kim Seong-Joong , Lee Bang-Yong , Park Sang-Jong
Published: April 2024

This study analyzed the sensitivities of carbon cycle to surface air temperature using the CO2 flux data collected from June to September for six years (2014–2019) over a moist tundra site in Council, Alaska. The tundra ecosystem was a strong sink of carbon in June and July, a weak sink in August with rapidly decreasing photosynthesis, and a carbon source in September. The ecosystem respiration (Re) and gross primary production (GPP) were obtained from the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of eddy-covariance system. Both the Re and GPP increased with temperature, enhancing carbon emission and uptake during observation period. Notably, Re showed higher sensitivity to temperature than GPP did. This result means that as global warming continues, the increase in carbon release is greater than the increase in carbon uptake. In other words, the tundra ecosystem is expected to become a weaker carbon sink in June and July and a stronger source of carbon in September. Possible mechanism of different temperature sensitivities of Re and GPP as well as temporal variations of temperature sensitivities are suggested. Present results highlight the importance of understanding the temperature sensitivities of Re and GPP in various tundra ecosystems to accurately understand changes in the carbon cycle in the Arctic region.
Design of rose thorn biomimetic micro-protrusion for metals and CFRTP easily disassembled joining
Authors: Wang Tai , Yasuda Kiyokazu , Nishikawa Hiroshi
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the joining techniques for metals and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) to address the pursuit of lightweight vehicles and high recycling efficiency. The innovative concept of ‘easy-disassembly joining’ is introduced for the first time, aiming for robust joint strength and efficient disassembly/recycling of end-of-life vehicles. Inspired by rose thorn morphology and natural performances, bionic micro-protrusions are explored as intermediate structures to facilitate the easy disassembly joining between metals and CFRTP. The primary focus of the study revolves around the design strategy of micro-protrusions inspired by rose thorns. The objective is to identify the most effective micro-protrusion shapes by understanding the interplay of its geometrical parameters, including base shape, apex position, profile curvature, and stress distribution under diverse loads. Utilizing static stress numerical simulations, the study conclusively identifies an elliptical base shape with the apex positioned slightly above the right edge of the structure. The outer profile adopts a circular arc, and the inner profile follows a conical curve. This configuration effectively mitigates stress concentration at the bottom, which interfaces with the metal substrate and the smaller areas around the apex. This research introduces an innovative concept for metal-CFRTP joining and applies bionic principles in engineering solutions. By promoting lightweight and sustainable structures through enhanced disassembly efficiency, it contributes to groundbreaking advancements in the field.
The Literacy Beliefs of Deaf and Hearing Parents and Their Interactions with Deaf and Hearing Preschool Children
Authors: Albalhareth Ali Hamad
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to explore the literacy interactions of deaf and hearing parents with their preschool children in Saudi Arabia. The participants were three sets of parents (six individuals) of preschoolers. Data were collected through home literacy observation, experience sampling method, and interviews. All participants endorsed learning through play, and in the interviews, they highlighted the importance of learning sign language for literacy development. They emphasized fluency in sign language and acknowledged its importance for supporting deaf children’s language and early literacy development. The deaf parents emphasized the importance of the whole-language approach when first teaching literacy at home and consciously exposed their hearing children to subtitles when watching TV, whereas hearing parents believed that working on phonics was a more effective approach for teaching children new words. Hearing parents chose to focus on teaching their deaf children phonics and phonemic awareness to prepare them for school and relied on dialogue to support vocabulary development.