bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of different osteotomy techniques on primary stability of implants using RFA
Authors: Mohanraj J P , Raju Delsa Mariam , Salam Babu , Jacob Raja S A , James Johnson Raja , Tamilselvan Tamilselvan
Published: April 2022

Primary stability of implant is based on its mechanical engagement to the surrounding bone at the time of installation. It can be affected by patient- related factors like the bone quality and quantity and underlying systemic diseases and the surgical technique. Among various methods available for measuring primary implant stability, the most recommended method is the use of Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) due to its versatility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 4 different osteotomy techniques on the primary stability of implants using RFA. Forty implants of same size and system were installed on goat's mandible under four osteotomy approaches 1) undersized (two-step down) 2) subcrestal 3) osteotome technique 4) bicortical anchorage. Primary stability of all the implants placed was measured using RFA test. The results were statistically analyzed and highest mean ISQ value was observed when implants were placed under bicortical anchorage. Implants when placed under bicortical anchorage achieved better primary stability and hence this osteotomy approach can be followed in areas where primary stability is expected to be compromised.
Astronomical gleaming from ancient times
Authors: Patil Maya J. , Rahul Das M
Published: April 2022

The archaeological disposition of the Prehistoric period is evident after examining many of the rock arts, petroglyphs, and other sources from various regions. Bomai Rock art showing stars might be an earlier representation of the stars of the Orion constellation. The painted grey ware from the protohistoric site of Mehrgarh has a representation of the Sun in four quadrants. The Harappan Civilization had many representations that had an astronomical affinity. The seals may be representing different constellations. Ring stones with small, drilled holes were used to find the position of the sun during various months, to determine Uttarayana, Dakshinayana, or the associated climate concerning the apparent motion of the Sun.
Raja Rao's Serpent and the Rope and Kanthapura
Authors: Jagadeesh Anjali , Beulah G.
Published: April 2022

Rao is a great accomplishing man who has written The Serpent and the Rope and Kanthapura, the elevating and redefining works which show man’s relationship to the supernatural absolute in terms consistent with the depiction of Indianness. Evidences are sought to analyse Indianness as marks of values and philosophy behind the character analysis and physical features. Rao imbues his English with a Dravidian tinge in whole and the taste of the Kannada village dialect in specifically. The themes of self-awareness, self-transcendence, and self-fulfillment are deliberately emphasized. The Serpent and the Rope is philosophical in that it examines the essence of conceptual and metaphysical inquiry in some of its more complex implications, as well as trying an unique fusion of Indian and European civilizations. . He had an exhaustive understanding of Indian religion and theory and watched Indian life rather minutely. In his books and stories, he is said to have given a realistic portrayal of Indian life. Kanthapura is an outspoken opponent of British authority. Kanthapura as opposed to British rule. Harikatha is remythologized by the novelist in order to make national people mythological, and she finally becomes a model to emulate.
Cooperative and antagonistic reactions of heavy metallic elements and its impact on health that are supplemented with selenium and zinc in Kurdi sheep
Authors: Palani Zirak M R , Ahmed Karzan A. , Al-Obaidy Marwan H. A. , Palani Dilsher M R
Published: April 2022

The purpose of present study was to determine the variations  in the levels of Selenium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Molybdenum and Manganese in the serum of Kurdi sheep  and to compare the age difference in the levels of minerals between lambs and rams that are supplemented with Selenium and Zinc individually or their combination.It was on two experiences.The males of the Kurdi sheep from lambs and rams for four coefficients each as follows; First Treatment: (control) without adding, Second Treatment: added Selenium with a dose of 0.5 mg /kg fed,Third Treatment: added Zinc with a dose of 100 mg /kg fed, Fourth Treatment: added Selenium with Zinc with a dose of 0.5 + 100 mg/kg fed, then they were given gelatinous capsules daily for 60 days.Selenium and Zinc supplementation and their combination led to significant increase in the Selenium and Zinc concentration in the blood serum of lambs and Rams. Selenium, Zinc and their combinationsignificantly contributed to changes in the analysed minerals (Selenium, Zinc, Iron, Copper Molybdenum and Manganese).
Influence of digital marketing in students’ decision-making process for enrollment in higher education institutes in Coimbatore, India
Authors: Rajkumar Samuel Giftson , Saranya E. , Joseph C. Samuel , Sudhahar J. Clement
Published: April 2022

Digitalization has resulted in a significant shift in marketing channels and consumer behaviors. Easy accessibility and convenience have made digital media a popular channel of information among the youth. The objective of the present work was to study the influence of digital marketing communications on students’ decision-making process for enrollment in higher education institutes in Coimbatore, India. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data about several aspects of digital marketing and its usefulness while selecting a higher education institute. Most respondents agreed that the use of digital platforms while selecting a higher education institute helps in decision making because of factors like easily accessible information, easier admission process and online payment of fees.  The study also found that most higher education institutes in Coimbatore use digital tools like advertisements on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube, and third party websites like College Dunia to share information. Despite the wide availability of digital information, respondents claimed that they would take advice from past and current students of an institute before coming to a decision. This was primarily due to difficulty in getting reliable information about the institute and particular course details, and getting prompt response to queries on official websites.
Gastrointestinal tract microbiome
Authors: Oghenemaro Enwa Felix , Jemikalajah Johnson Daniel , Oghenerhivwe Monioro Philip , Uruemu Ikpama Sephora
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the effect of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (connaraceae) root bark extract on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome of Albino wistar rats. Materials and Method: A total of 15 wistar rats were used for this study. They were randomly divided into 5 groups. Fecal samples were collected, a 10 fold serial dilution was done and plated using a spread plate method. The powdered root bark of Cnestis ferruginea was extracted with 80% methanol using a soxhlet extractor at 60°c. The resulting extract was administered to the rats in different doses, 200 mg/kg body weight (low dose) and 400 mg/kg body weight (high dose) for 14 days. Results: The study revealed that at both low and high doses, the root bark extract of C. ferruguinea was able to reduce the population of the bacteria present in the GIT of the Wistar rats with only providencia, Aeromonas spp, and Proteus spp as remaining organisms when compared to the control group, thus confirming the antimicrobial effect of the root extract.
Virtual technology for smart education
Authors: Kalyanchakravarthi P , Varaprasad D Y , Rao T V Janadhana , Suresh A.
Published: April 2022

In the current situation it is very difficult to provide scientific education to children. Older methods used up to this point, such as board and chalk, are not showing interest in children. Accordingly, new educational approaches have been developed that incorporate new approaches and technology. As part of that, the virtual laboratory approach was incorporated into the new curriculum. In it children can learn technological development in a real environment. It can also develop practical knowledge for children. Developing such practical knowledge means buying the equipment you need which is very costly. The approach is useful to provide these at a low cost. In this process, even if the tools are not actually available, you can make them on a computer and learn their uses. This paper mainly focus on the virtual technologies involved in the implementation of labs on virtual environment and development towards smart education period
influence of inter-bracket distance on load deflection characteristics of nickel-titanium wires
Authors: Bhutani Ankush , Juneja Achint , Vaishnav Prabhat , Mohan Stuti , Punia Komal , Sharma Neetu
Published: April 2022

Aim: Aim of this study was to compare and evaluate load deflection characteristic of NiTi wires of different cross-section between labial and lingual straight wire system in aligned and crowded condition. Materials & Methods:  The study was divided into two parts one with the aligned teeth and in other part typodont set was manipulated to simulate the crowded arch. Crowding was created in the anterior region by displacing one central incisor and one lateral incisor 2 mm palataly and canine were rotated in mesio-buccal direction. Typodont was sent to laboratory for lingual setup and CAD-CAM based Avant grade laser sintered 3D lingual brackets were and bonded using Cyanoacrylate by the laboratory. A modified three point bending test simulating the clinical conditions was carried out to investigate load deflection characteristics of Cu-NiTi arch-wires using Instron Universal Testing Machine. Results: Shapiro-wilk test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to check the normality of the sample and values. Intergroup comparison of LDR of wires between labial and lingual group in aligned and crowded condition showed that LDR of wires in the lingual bracket system was significantly higher as compared to labial bracket system.
Clinical significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Ramadan Ahmed Elsherbiny , Saber Tarek Khairy , Kotb Magdy Hassan , Farahat Iman Gouda , Mohammed Mohammed Salama
Published: April 2022

Differentiated thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancy and include three main entities: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common histologic subtype. Was to review different sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) techniques in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. We also will compare the detection rates and sensitivity of the different detection methods in these patients and assessment of feasibility and side effects of the different techniques. This study was a cross sectional study, Surgical Oncology Department of National Cancer Institute, Cairo University and Damietta Cancer Center, Ministry of Health and Population. Radionuclide technique (lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe scanning) was successful in 94.6 % (35/37) of the patients as shown in table 4 and relation between SLN and identification by gamma probe. In the 37 patients, the intraoperative frozen biopsy indicated that 22 patients were experiencing SLN metastases, while post-operative routine pathological examination was able to diagnose three additional patients with lymph node metastases.
Description of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients in the isolation treatment room
Authors: Heriyadi Sriyono Sugeng , Armiyati Yunie , Widodo Sri , Warsono Warsono , Khoiriyah Khoiriyah
Published: April 2022

Cases of patients infected with Covid-19 are still quite high. The emergence of Covid-19 was followed by the emergence of various variants of this disease. The consequences of the emergence of various variants of Covid-19 will be followed by the occurrence of various new clinical manifestations in patients. These clinical manifestations need to be evaluated. This study aims to determine the description of the clinical manifestations of Covid-19 patients. This study was a quantitative descriptive study. The study was conducted from January to February 2021. The sample consisted of 100 patients who were confirmed positive for Covid-19 and underwent treatment at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. The results showed that most common clinical manifestations of Covid-19 patients including increase in D-dimer (97%), lymphopenia (85%), pneumonia (82%), heart to breath (62%), cough (59%), increasing od prothrombin (57%), fever (56%), SpO2 < 90% (at room temperature) / happy hypoxia (43%), tachycardia (39%), fatigue (37 %), nausea (26%), headache (24%), sore throat (16%).  The clinical manifestations of Covid-19 that are not experienced by many patients in isolation rooms include: ronchi (6%), platelets <100x103 / uL (5%) decrease of smell ability (3%), fibrinogen <200 mg / dl (2%), bradycardia (1%).
Magnetic resonance imaging of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients
Authors: Patil Gayatri , Patil Amolkumar , Kitture Balkrishna
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted for assessing Magnetic resonance imaging findings of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. The present study was conducted for assessing Magnetic resonance imaging findings of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. Data of a total of 25 patients with BPH were enrolled. Complete demographic details of all the patients were evaluated. Wasserman NF et al classified BPH types on MRI as follows: type 0, an equal to or less than 25 cm3 prostate showing little or no zonal enlargement; type 1, bilateral TZ enlargement; type 2, retrourethral enlargement; type 3, bilateral TZ and retrourethral enlargement; type 4, solitary or multiple pedunculated enlargement; type 5, pedunculated with bilateral TZ and/or retrourethral enlargement; type 6, subtrigonal or ectopic enlargement; and type 7, other combinations of enlargements. All the details were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were assessed using SPSS software. Out of 25 patients, 28 percent and 24 percent of the patients were type 2 and type 4 according to classification as per MRI finding. 20 percent and 16 percent of the patients were type 3 and type 6, whereas 12 percent were type 5 according to classification as per MRI finding.
Evaluation of surface treatments by self glaze, over glaze and a polishing agent on the porcelain surface modified with diamond rotary instrument-an in vitro study
Authors: Krishnaveni B. , Suvvati Priyalatha , Kumari Samarla Aruna , Sravanthi K. , Lukka Pavani , Jahanara Jahanara
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of a) Self glaze b) Over glaze and c) Polishing on porcelain surface which is subjected to grinding with a diamond rotary instrument. To test this theory 40 ceramic fused to metal disc samples were fabricated. The ceramic material used was Ivoclar Dsign. The discs were of 10mm X 3mm of which 2mm is metal substructure and 1mm is of porcelain. The specimens were divided into four groups of 10 samples each. The first group was left as fired or unglazed. The remaining three groups were subjected to surface modification with sintered diamond bur at 15000 rpm per minute with even pressure. Each of the three groups was treated with diamond polishing paste, self glaze and overglaze respectively. The surface of all the four groups were evaluated under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Optical microscope observation revealed that Group-I (as fired) had the surface of the specimens appearing to be pitted, rough with irregularities and there was no evidence of surface cracks. Group II (polished with diamond bur) had surface appeared to be very smooth.
The exploring research of foreign direct investment on the economic development in India -evidence from ADF- ARDL
Authors: Sridevi A. , Vetrivel M.
Published: April 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows are regularly seen as an important catalyst for economic growth in developing countries. The study objectives are to analyze the current status of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development in India and to determine the impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Macro Economic Factors. The study has been used data from 2000-01 to 2018-19 by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) the results have been estimated. The study results indicate the positives relationship can be a result of sufficient foreign direct investment invest in India's economy which has been able to exert sufficient consequence to make it develop the economy.
Modern approaches to increasing the health efficiency of physical training programs for students
Authors: Kambarov Davron , Nosirov Ergash , Norkulov Shavkat , Karabaev Husan
Published: April 2022

This article highlights modern methodological approaches to improving the health effectiveness of physical education programs for students.
Pre-Assessment Guidance: UNICEF Sudan E-Learning Project
Authors: AlSheikh Theeb Thaer , Obaid Rasha , McGinty Sara
Published: April 2022

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Insights Into Community Development In First Nations: A Poverty Action Research Project
Authors: Dockstator Jennifer S. , Denis Jeff S. , Wien Frederic , Duhaime Gérard , Dockstator Mark S. , Newhouse David , Wuttunee Wanda , Loppie Charlotte , Loxley John , Weir Warren
Published: April 2022

This research adds to the understanding, planning, and implementation of community health and wellness development in First Nation communities: transformative insights revealed through the Poverty Action Research Project. The article describes key learnings that respect different worlds and languages, thereby fostering and nurturing key relationships. Additional insights, related to community direction, cultural influences, and community-level descriptions of poverty are shared. As well, the local and often unique determinants of health and well-being, the role of external supports, the benefits of "bridging social capital", and the acknowledgment of community-based politics are highlighted. Six recommendations are made for policy change in support of distinctive poverty alleviation initiatives, acknowledging differing approaches to collaborative assessment, planning, and implementation.
First Peoples Economic Growth Fund: A Case Study of a Successful Aboriginal Financial Institution
Authors: Penner Van
Published: April 2022

Start-Up Challenges Having identified lack of access to capital as a primary challenge, the AMC and the Province formed a group "to work on development of some sort of organization that would address that need" (Cramer, personal communication, November 6, 2020) and ultimately selected the AFI framework as the appropriate vehicle for change. Mr. Cramer described the makeup of the board as "a business board and not a political board, so it's made up of people with different business skills and when you bring them all together it's a very strong business and economic development board" (personal communication, November 6, 2020). The success of this method is compounded by the fact that the board is volunteer-based, which "for a board of directors of a financial organization [is] extremely rare, and also an extremely positive and strong part of our governance structure" (Cramer, personal communication, November 6, 2020). In what ways do AFIs engage with these challenges? * What are the benefits/limitations of attracting capital from each of the following: * Municipal/Provincial/Federal Colonial governments. * Indigenous Communities/Tribal Councils/Multi-community organizations. * Private Financial Institutions/Commercial Banks/Venture Capital * Are there examples of AFIs in Manitoba or Canada pursuing policies different from those of the First Peoples Economic Growth Fund (FPEGF)?
Engaging the Indigenous Supply Chain during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carriere-Acco David
Published: April 2022

This article relates lessons learned about Indigenous supplier engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores how the Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC), Indigenous Services Canada (ISC), and the National Indigenous Organization partnered to form a COVID-19 supplier taskforce to drive PPE and COVID-related service contracting opportunities to Indigenous suppliers to help businesses survive a prolonged economic shutdown. It was successful when both governments and organizations found a way to work together. Challenges included determining ways to support long-term working relationships and agreements, developing required tools and processes, and identifying contracting opportunities. This article describes the journey partners took under the leadership of Cando. Finally, the article concludes with actions taken by the taskforce to ensure that Indigenous suppliers have a place in Canada's economic recovery.
Education Remains Critical with Unemployment, Employment, and Participation Rates in 2020 Being the Worst in Many Years for Aboriginals and Non-Aboriginals
Authors: Oppenheimer Robert
Published: April 2022

The higher the level of education completed the higher the wage rates, the lower the rate of unemployment, and the higher the employment rates. Unemployment rates were significantly higher and participation and employment rates were significantly lower for Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals in Canada in 2020. This may be attributed to the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic. The rate of unemployment increased more for nonAboriginals than for Aboriginals in 2020. However, participation and employment rates decreased more for Aboriginals than for non-Aboriginals. Employment, unemployment, and participation rates are and historically have been more favourable for non-Aboriginals than for Aboriginals. As educational levels increase, employment measures and wage rates improve. Employment measures are examined by gender, age, province, and education, and for Métis, Inuit, and First Nations.
الأبعاد الاجتماعية لتأهيل ودمج ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة "تحليل نظري"
Authors: امرايف عبد الباسط عمر امرايف
Published: April 2022

يهدف هذا التحليل النظري إلى التعرف على الإبعاد الاجتماعية لعملية دمج وتأهيل ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، وذلك من منطلق أن عملية الدمج هي تلك العملية التي تهدف إلى دمج ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة في الحياة الاجتماعية لمجتمعهم، بداية من دمجهم في العملية التعليمية العادية ووصولاً إلى تعلمهم لأكبر قدر من المهارات اللازمة لأداء أدوارهم الاجتماعية المختلفة، في عملية مستمرة عبر مختلف مراحل أعمارهم، حتى يتحقق لهم التكيف الاجتماعي وفقاً لقدراتهم ومتطلباتهم. ومن أهم النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها أن الدمج هو عملية مجتمعية تتطلب تظافر العديد من النظم الاجتماعية لتحقيق الدمج الكامل للمعوقين بالنظر إليهم على أنهم فئة أساسية من فئات أي مجتمع ويجب وضعهم في الاعتبار عند وضع التشريعات وتنفيذ السياسات المجتمعية. مع التأكيد على أهمية الاهتمام بأسر المعوقين لتأهيلها لممارسة دورها الفعال في عملية الدمج الاجتماعي لأبنائها، بالإضافة إلى أنه يجب أن يؤخذ في الاعتبار أن حدوث الإعاقة وتقييمها هي عملية تتأثر بثقافة المجتمع وطبيعة الحياة الاجتماعية فيه.
المشكلات التي تعترض الإعلاميات الليبيات في العمل بالمؤسسات الإعلامية "دراسة في الجندر بمدينة طبرق"
Authors: على عبدالكريم محمد , بوسميحة أحمد خالد
Published: April 2022

سعت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة المشاكل التى تعترض عمل الإعلاميات الليبيات فى المؤسسات الإعلامية سواء أكانت مشاكل اجتماعية، اقتصادية، أو مهنية، وتأتي أهمية هذه الدراسة للتعرف على طبيعة العمل الإعلامي للمرأة الليبية وماقدمتة وتقدمه من أعمال وأادور فى بناء المؤسسات الإعلامية، وتعتبر هذه الدراسة من الدراسات الليبية الحديثة فى مجال بحوث الأعلام، ومن أهم تساؤلات الدراسة: ما دوافع عمل المرأة الليبية بالمؤسسات الإعلامية؟ وماهى المشكلات التى تواجهن خلال بيئة العمل بهذه المؤسسات؟ تعد هذه الدراسة من الدراسات الوصفية، حيث أعتمدت على المنهج المسحي( المسح الأجتماعي)، وذالك من خلال صحيفة الأستبيان التى صممت لهذه الدراسة حيث تكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع الإعلاميات العاملات فى المؤسسات الإعلامية بمدينة طبرق، حيث اعتمدت اختيار أسلوب العينة العمدية "القصدية" وذلك حسب طبيعة البحث بحيث يحقق هذا الأختيار أهداف الدراسة المطلوبة، ومن أهم نتائج الدراسة: وجود دوافع عديدة دفعت الإعلاميات للعمل بهذه المهنة، كان أبرزها: تحقيق الذات، تأمين علاقات مميزة فى المجتمع ، والوصول إلى مكانة أجتماعية مرموقة.
التحليل الجيومورفولوجي لنموذج الارتفاعات الرقمية لحوض وادي درنة
Authors: سعد مفتاح موسى , عوض عوض عبدالواحد
Published: April 2022

تناولت هذه الدراسة تحليلاً جيومورفولوجياً لنموذج الارتفاعات الرقمية Digital Elevation Models (DEM) لحوض وادي درنة، بهدف إنتاج خرائط رقمية للارتفاعات والانحدارات واتجاهات الانحدار وشبكة التصريف والخروج بقياسات مورفومترية دقيقة للحوض اعتماداً على تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية Geographic Information Systems (GIS)، ما يساهم في توفير قاعدة بيانات واسعة يمكن الاعتماد عليها في الدراسات الجيومورفولوجية والهيدرولوجية التي تستهدف الحوض المائي لوادي درنة، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في وصف وتحليل الخرائط الرقمية المختلفة، كما استخدم الأسلوب الكمي من خلال حساب بعض المعاملات المورفومترية التي تقيس أبعاد الحوض وخصائصه الشكلية والتضاريسية وخصائص شبكة التصريف، وأظهرت نتائج التحليل المورفومتري أن شكل الحوض قريب من الاستطالة، وتنخفض فيه نسب التضرس ودرجة الانحدار، كما تشير قيمة تكامله الهبسومتري إلى وصوله لمرحلة النضج في دورته التحاتية، واعتبرت كثافة تصريفه منخفضة بسبب قلة أعداد مجاريه وقصر أطوالها.
دور الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية في الحياة الدينية والحياة السياسية شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى
Authors: محمد صلاح الأمين عبدالله , سالم عجائب أبوبكر سليمان
Published: April 2022

هذه الدراسة كانت عن دور الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية في الحياة الدينية والحياة السياسية شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى. وهدف هذه الدراسة هو الكشف عن دور الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية في الحياة الدينية والحياة السياسية شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى. بجانب معرفة أثرها الديني على شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى. وايضاً كيف كان لها الأثر الكبير على الحياة السياسية في شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى. وذلك من خلال السرد والتحليل والمقارنة بين المصادر والمراجع والدوريات التي درست تاريخ الكنيسة في العصور الوسطى. ومن خلال هذه الدراسة اشارات النتائج بان الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية لعب دورا كبيرا في الحياة الدينية والحياة السياسية شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى. وعزت الدراسة اسباب دور الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية في الحياة الدينية والحياة السياسية شرق أوروبا العصور الوسطى الى، تنافس الكنائس الأرثوذكسية والكاثوليكية على زعامة العالم المسيحي في العصور الوسطى. والى الصراع بين المذاهب المسيحية (الارثوذكس والكاثوليك).
Pollen studies of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
Authors: Sharma Anshuman , Patel N. , Joshi V. , Vaghela K. , Vaghela P.
Published: April 2022

The present investigation was undertaken at the Farm of All India Coordinated Research Project on Under Utilized Crops, Regional Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during the year 2002 and 2003. Pollen grains were creamish yellow and sticky. They were Spheroidal or globular in distilled water and acetocarmine with three to four germspores. The mean pollen size in distilled water was 90.5 and 83.5 μm in lower and upper tier of stamen, respectively, while in acetocarmine 82 and 89 μm in upper and lower tier of stamens, respectively. The pollen viability was quite high (95.04 to 98.77%). Maximum pollen germination (35.49%) and pollen tube length (265.19 μ) was recorded in 15 % sucrose solution with 0.005% boric acid.
Effect of Tree-Crop Combinations and Nitrogen levels on velvet bean (Mucuna Pruriens L.) grown in Agrihorti-Silvi-Pasture system of Agroforestry in mid Himalayan Region
Authors: Thakur N. , Verma K. , Rana R.
Published: April 2022

Investigations on effect of tree-crop combinations and nitrogen levels on growth, biomass and seed yield of Mucuna pruriens L. were carried out during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, in experimental farm of Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The tree-crop combinations were T1 (Peach + Grewia + Setaria + M. pruriens), T2 (Peach + Morus + Setaria + M. pruriens), T3 (Peach + Setaria + M. pruriens), T4 (Grewia + Setaria + M. pruriens), T5 (Morus + Setaria + M. pruriens) and T6 (M. pruriens, sole crop). Its length, leaf area and leaf area index was significantly affected due to tree-crop associations giving maximum values as 3.60m, 276.30cm2/leaf and 2.53, respectively under sole cropping system. The nitrogen dose of 120kg/ha produced longest vine (3.80m), with leaf area 330.00cm2/leaf and leaf area index of 2.93. The above ground biomass was significantly higher (15.15t/ha) under sole cropping system followed by T2, T3, T4, and T5, suggesting suitability of tree crop systems for cultivation under these systems too. Similarly, below ground biomass was significantly higher (0.29t/ha) from open grown crop, nevertheless, tree-crop combinations T1, T2 and T5 gave biomass at par. Total biomass was not affected due to various tree-crop treatments. The nitrogen dose 120kg/ha gave maximum above ground (16.76t/ha), below ground (0.30t/ha) and total biomass (17.07t/ha). Although the tree-crop combinations affected biomass yield significantly however, seed yield did not have significant effect. The seed yield ranged 2.17 to 2.21t/ha. The N dose of 120kg/ha gave maximum (2.38t/ha) seed yield. The N levels did not show optimum level. Both tree-crop combinations as well as N doses failed to affect L-DOPA content estimated in the seed. However, L-DOPA content ranges from 4.58 to 5.05 per cent on dry seed weight basis. The L-DOPA content was same in seeds produced from open grown and seeds produced from plants grown under different Agroforestry Systems. Thus, Mucuna can be grown under Agroforestry Systems and fertilizers application to get higher biomass and seed yield without any changes in the active constituent.
Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Untuk Meningkatkan Skor TOEIC Mahasiswa Politeknik Darussalam
Authors: Bambang Purwanto Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out the students' strategies in learning English. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach and was carried out at the Darussalam Polytechnic Travel Business Study Program for the academic year 2021/2022. The study involved 40 business travel students in the first and fourth semesters with a TOEIC prediction score of 400 as subjects in this study. To measure students' use of English learning strategies, researchers used the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) version 7.0, which was designed by Oxford. The results of this study reveal that the language learning strategies used by students are memory strategies and cognitive strategies with an average of 3.84 and 3.81 which are included in the high category, which is often used. Compensation strategies, metacognitive strategies, affective strategies and social strategies are in the moderate category, which is sometimes used.
Jago Mentor Solusi Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Khoirun Nisa Nurul Fitri
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic caused chaos, especially in the field of education, schools were closed, teaching and learning activities in schools were disrupted, learning that was initially carried out face-to-face was temporarily unable to be carried out. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to change the design of the model in teaching and learning activities to avoid face-to-face learning. Jago Mentor is an acronym for Learning with Google Classroom, Google Meet, and evaluation with Auto Proctor. Learning in the 12th grade Network System Administration subject is conducted online using Google Classroom where the teacher uploads assignments and materials in the form of modules as well as learning videos and practical tutorial videos. Then the teacher reflects and controls with students on the material and assignments that have been given through Google Classroom through virtual face-to-face meetings using Google Meet. In the evaluation process, the teacher uses the Google Form application that helps Auto Proctor. The use of Auto Proctor can assist teachers in supervising students while working on evaluation questions, although not directly. The application of Jago Mentor makes students more disciplined in participating in online learning and students are more serious, honest, and responsible in carrying out the evaluation process.
Parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 and Telenomus remus Nixon, 1937 after ingestion of biological pesticides
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Colombo Fernanda Caroline , Amaro Junio Tavares ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Maciel Rodrigo Mendes Antunes ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hayashida Rafael ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Neves Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Bueno Adeney de Freitas ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Published: April 2022

Augmentative biological control (ABC) of insect pests is an environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides. By performing BC, more than one control agent can be used for the same insect pest that is in different stages of its life cycle or for pests that simultaneously occur in the area. However, this relationship requires biosecurity for the control agents employed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 and Telenomus remus Nixon, 1937 after ingestion of biological pesticides. The entomopathogens, Baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. kurstaki, Bt var. aizawai, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae; the microbiological fungicide, Trichoderma harzianum, at concentrations recommended by the manufacturer; and a negative control (pure honey) were employed in this study. Further, forced ingestion was adopted, with the treatments mixed in honey and offered as food at two dilutions (one-part product: one-part honey and one-part product: nine parts honey). Each treatment consisted of 20 individual females for each parasitoid (T. pretiosum or T. remus). The following parameters were evaluated: female longevity, number of parasitized eggs, egg viability, and number of females and males to determine the sex ratio. For T. pretiosum, B. bassiana (1 × 1013 viable conidia 100 L H2O-1), and T. harzianum (5 × 1012 viable conidia 100 L H2O-1), the longevity of their females was reduced by the 1:1 mixture; however, this mixture did not interfere with other parameters and other biological pesticides compared to the respective controls of both dilutions. The biological pesticides did not negatively influence the parameters evaluated for T. remus. The tested products had low toxicity to the egg parasitoids, T. pretiosum and T. remus. Overall, more work is still required with parasitoids in other stages of development and with other exposure methods to confirm the selectivity of products for egg parasitoids to recommend its combined use in the field.
Variability in the Follow-up Management of Pediatric Femoral Fractures
Authors: Sanatani Gabrielle E. , Habib Eva , Bone Jeffrey N. , Sandhu Ash , Schaeffer Emily K. , Mulpuri Kishore
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Variability in follow-up has previously been identified in orthopaedic trauma. Variability in follow-up for pediatric femur fractures has not previously been documented. The aim of this study was to document the variability in clinical and radiographic follow-up for pediatric femur fractures based on the fixation method and the treating surgeon.

Methods:

This retrospective case series identified isolated femoral fractures in patients younger than 18 years, treated by eight surgeons at a single center from 2010 to 2015. The total number and frequency of clinical visits, radiographic visits and discrete radiograph views, demographic data, fracture classification, treatment method, and presence of complications were extracted. Variability in follow-up was assessed through descriptive statistics and linear and Poisson regression models.

Results:

One hundred sixty-four femoral fractures in 160 patients were included. Fractures were stratified by the treating surgeon. The mean length of follow-up ranged from 6.5 to 13.6 months. Complications increased follow-up time by mean 1.7 months (1.3 to 2.4). Patients who were treated with rigid locking nails were followed for the shortest amount of time, averaging 9.9 months, while traction followed by rigid locking nails averaged 24.4 (0.5 to 9.3) months of follow-up.

Discussion:

Variation in the length of follow-up was identified and was associated with the fixation method and the treating surgeon. Few patients were followed long enough to definitively identify complications and sequelae known to occur after femur fractures such as femoral overgrowth or growth arrest. The results of this study indicate a need for additional study and consensus on an appropriate follow-up for pediatric femur fractures.
Comparison of Surgical Time, Short-term Adverse Events, and Implant Placement Accuracy Between Manual, Robotic-assisted, and Computer-navigated Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Bovonratwet Patawut , Polce Evan M. , Paul Katlynn , Sculco Peter K.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Recent years have observed the increasing utilization of robotic-assisted and computer navigation techniques in total hip arthroplasty (THA), given the proposed benefits of enhanced consistency and precision in implant placement. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine whether differences in surgical times, adverse events, and implant positioning existed between manual, robotic-assisted, and computer navigation THA.

Methods:

PubMed, OVID/MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were queried for RCTs comparing robotic-assisted versus manual THA and computer navigation versus manual THA at a minimum 1-year follow-up. Frequentist model network meta-analyses with P-scores were conducted to compare revisions, complications, and surgical times among the three treatment groups. A random-effects meta-analysis between computer navigation and manual THAs was conducted to analyze cup positioning because no robotic-assisted THA studies reported this outcome.

Results:

Five RCTs compared robotic-assisted and manual THAs, while seven compared computer navigation and manual THAs. manual THA was associated with significantly reduced surgical time in comparison with computer navigation (mean difference: 23.3 minutes) and robotic-assisted THAs (mean difference: 8.6 minutes; P < 0.001). No difference was observed in the incidence of all-cause complications (computer navigation: 1.7%, manual: 6.6%, and robotic-assisted: 16.2%) or revisions (computer navigation: 1.0%, manual: 1.7%, and robotic-assisted 4.8%) among the three treatment groups based on the network meta-analysis. In three studies that reported acetabular implant positioning, computer navigation had a significantly higher percentage of acetabular cups placed in the Lewinnek “safe zone” compared with manual THA (79% versus 52%; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:

manual THA results in markedly shorter surgical times and a similar incidence of complications and revisions compared with robotic-assisted and computer navigation THAs, given the sample sizes available for study. However, computer navigation THA led to increased precision in the placement of acetabular implants.
A Survey to Assess Knowledge of Antenatal Care among Rural Women of Gujrat, Pakistan
Authors: John Akash , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Noor Sofia , Iqbal Neelam , Muhammad Aasia Noor , John Nayab
Published: April 2022

Introduction:Antenatal care is the daily health management of healthy pregnant women with few symptoms, orderly diagnosis of diseases or difficulties connected to obstetrics, and contributing to lifestyle, pregnancy, antenatal care, and safe delivery of child.

Objective:To assess the knowledgeof antenatal Care among Pregnant women of Rural Population

Material and Methods:The study was conducted at rural areas of Gujrat city for the periodof 6 months, fromJanuary 2021 to June 2021. The data was collected through Questionnaire which was piloted tested and validated by Cronbach. A sample of 100 was taken following inclusion criteria of pregnant women to assess knowledge from rural under developed areas of Gujrat, Pakistan.

Results:A total of 100 participants were included in which common agegroups were 26-32 having 37%. The Profession and literacy status was evaluated and found 73% Housewives and 59% Illiterate. Results also shows the Responses about their knowledge clearly showing that 59% pregnant women do not visit and unaware of number of visits in Maternity Clinics. 40 % of the women were unaware about Blood Pressure maintenance in Antenatal care.52% women did not know about blood and urine tests performed during pregnancy. Pregnant women who was unaware of vaccination during antenatal care was 54% and 59% do not acknowledge about using of Multi vitamins during this period of pregnancy.

Conclusion:In conclusion rural population had little of Antenatal care, maternal issues, nutritional supplements, investigation tests, and vaccinations practices. The primary reason for this was lack of awareness about proper health care services in rural areas. The secondary reason was family/husband restraints and impediments for not seeking antenatal care.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Scabies Among Health Care Workers in Sarhad Psychiatric Hospital Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Rathor Humayun Rashid , Faridi Tallat Anwar
Published: April 2022

Scabies is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a disease of developing and low socioeconomic regions Objective: The aim of my study is to assess the knowledge attitude and practices level of health care workers of Sarhad Hospital for Psychiatric diseases Peshawar regarding scabies. Method: Study was conducted at Sarhad Hospital, Peshawar. A total of 120 health care workers (HCWs) were enrolled and asked questions related to their knowledge, attitude and practices towards scabies. Data was analyzed through SPSS latest version Results: The respondents were doctors, Nurses, and junior clinical technicians of both sexes. Regarding knowledge, it is assessed that more than 90% health care workers (HCWs) know about scabies, more than 70% knows the sign and symptoms of scabies, more than 60 know the causes. One of the most important things is that less than 30% HCWs know the causative agent of scabies i.e. mite Conclusion: The knowledge level of HCWs was satisfactory but the practices were not good enough. It is due to lack of facilities like isolation rooms, trained HCWs about infection control measures and lack of infection control team to implement these practices.
Association of Family History, Drinking and Transient Ischemic Attach with Coronary Artery Disease in a tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Zaidi Nasir Raza , Rafi Uzma , Kabir Mahvish
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiac disease, caused by the accumulation of a waxy substance called plaque inside the coronary arteries' lumens. CAD is the main cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, accounting for more than 4.5 million deaths in developing countries. Objective: To determine the association of family history, alcohol consumption and transient ischemic attack with coronary artery disease in Pakistani population. Methods: It was case-control research conducted in Lahore's Mayo Hospital, a tertiary medical facility. A total of 200 people were included in the study, with 100 being cases and the other 100 being controls. Non-probability sampling was used to enroll 77 males and 23 females in the cases and 52 males and 48 females in the controls. The data was analyzed with SPSS software, which was utilized to determine the relationship between various risk variables and CAD. Results: Results showed that CAD is more prevalent in males as compared to females (38.5% versus 11.5%). Family history was found to be substantially associated with coronary artery disease patients (p-value=0.000, OR=4.00). 24 had a history of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and 76 did not have TIA, whereas in controls only 3 had TIA, and 97 did not have TIA. There is a statistically significant association of TIA with CAD. In CAD patients, 4 were alcoholics and 96 were non-alcoholics. In controls, 3 were alcoholic and 97 were nonalcoholic. There is no statistically significant association between alcohol and coronary artery disease. Conclusions: The current study has brought attention to the rising prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated risk factors, such as gender, family history, and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). The development of targeted efforts to raise knowledge about coronary artery disease and its associated risk factors, as well as an emphasis on lifestyle adjustment, is urgently required.
Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Shabbir Aisha , Arshad Misbah , Dar Ali Junaid , Khalid Sidra
Published: April 2022

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is caused by an inflammatory damage to the liver that lasts six months or more. The development of new blood vessels, regardless of the underlying aetiology, is a fundamental process in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Given the fact that CLDs often advance from hepatocyte injury to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, in rare circumstances, hepatocellular cancer, CLDs cannot be regarded a single illness (HCC). Neovascularisation and the creation of an aberrant angioarchitecture are linked in the pathological course of CLDs. Asymptomatic individuals with modestly increased liver enzymes such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Transaminase (ALT) are frequently found in basic care. Biochemical indicators include serum bilirubin, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, aminotransferase ratio, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, 5' nucleotidase, ceruloplasmin, and alpha-fetoprotein. In conclusion, further epidemiological and pathophysiology research is needed. A better knowledge of the molecular pathways behind geriatric chronic liver disease will aid in determining the best diagnostic and treatment strategy for each older patient.
Gender Based Differences in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hassan Amber , Waseem Humaira , Khalid SIdra , Mumtaz SamiUllah
Published: April 2022

acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has become a worldwide public health emergency. COVID-19 symptoms include cough, sputum production, fever, myalgia, irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, headache, diarrhea, and a painful throat. Objective: To evaluate the gender-based differences among COVID patients. Methods: A total of 150 people took part in the cross-sectional study. The information was gathered using a self-structured questionnaire and non-probability convenient sampling. The subjects' written informed consents were obtained prior to the start of the study. The analysis of the data was done by using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The findings revealed that hypertension was the most common comorbidity among COVID-19 patients, followed by diabetes mellitus, especially in females. Males were more likely to have renal problems and asthma. The severity of the disease and gender had a significant relationship (p=0.001), according to the analysis. Conclusions: There was a strong link between gender and disease severity.