bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of decadal time‐series changes in flow hydrology in eastern Australia: Considerations for river recovery and flood management
Authors: Arash Amir Mohammad , Fryirs Kirstie , Ralph Timothy J.
Published: September 2023

Since European colonisation, many coastal rivers of New South Wales (NSW) have been highly modified by channelisation, flow regulation, sediment mining, intensive grazing and agriculture, deforestation, and riparian vegetation and wood removal. Since the late 1980s, nearly 55% of these rivers have undergone a significant ‘re‐greening’ and geomorphic recovery with changes to instream and riparian roughness. However, little research has been undertaken to quantify if there have been any coeval changes in flow hydrology. Approximately 7000 flow hydrographs with one‐hour time‐steps from 117 gauges on 45 study rivers (17 of 20 coastal catchments of NSW) were used to assess changes to in‐channel and overbank hydrology over decadal timeframes. Hydrograph shape and attenuation characteristics for three morphologically defined flow stages were analysed: in‐channel fresh, high flow and overbank flood. Time‐series analysis was used to quantify changes in flow hydrology from the early‐20th century to present and identify trends occurring between known degradation phases (1910s–1940s and 1940s–1980s) and a recovery phase (1990s to present) for these rivers. Our findings indicate that, on average, and for some key examples, changes in flow hydrology are occurring. Flows are slowing and attenuating as indicated by decreases in flood wave celerity and hydrograph kurtosis, skewness and rate of rise and increases in peak‐to‐peak travel time, flood peak attenuation and flood wave attenuation index. The most significant changes have occurred since the 1980s with the most noticeable effects on the behaviour of high flows (around the bankfull stage). However, there is not a consistent direction change in these indicators in all places. We use these findings to categorise the flow mitigation signal of the study regions and catchments and discuss the implication for river and flood management.
Lactarius badiosanguineus: A new record to Indian mycobiota from Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Verma Komal , Mehmood Tahir , Sharma Yash Pal
Published: September 2023

The genus Lactarius is cosmopolitan in distribution and forms an ectomycorrhizal association with varied host plants. In the present study, samples of Lactarius badiosanguineus were collected during a fungal survey from different regions of Jammu province, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Identification was carried out through combined morpho‐anatomical and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis that confirmed its position as Lactarius badiosanguineus. This taxon is reported here for the first record from India. Detailed morphological descriptions, color photographs, line drawings, and molecular phylogeny are provided.
Assessing the multitargeted antidiabetic potential of three pomegranate peel‐specific metabolites: An in silico and pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Gull Hina , Ikram Aqsa , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Ahmed Zahoor , Nemat Arash
Published: September 2023

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs due to impaired secretion of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. Recent studies show that the antidiabetic drugs used to control hyperglycemic levels are associated with undesirable adverse effects. Therefore, developing a safe and effective medicine with antidiabetic potential is needed. In this context, in silico studies are considered a rapid, effectual, and cost‐effective method in drug discovery procedures. It is evident from the literature that plant‐based natural components have shown promising outcomes in drug development to alleviate various diseases and hence have diversified the screening of potential antidiabetic agents. Purposely, in the present study, an in silico approach was performed on three Punica granatum peel metabolites (punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid). All these three compounds were docked against nine protein targets involved in glucose metabolism (GFAT, PTP1β, PPAR‐ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, GCK, and AQP‐2). These three pomegranate‐specific compounds demonstrated significant interactions with GFAT, PTP1β, PPAR‐ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, GCK, and AQP‐2 protein targets. Specifically, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid revealed significant binding scores (−9.2, −9.3, −8.1, −9.1, −8.5, −11.3, −9.2, −9.5, −10.1 kcal/mol; −10, −9.9, −8.5, −8.9, −10.4, −9.0, −10.2, −9.4, −9.0 kcal/mol; and −8.1, −8.0, −8.0, −6.8, −8.7, −7.8, −8.3, −8.1, −8.1 kcal/mol, respectively), with nine protein targets mentioned above. Hence, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid can be promising candidates in drug discovery to manage diabetes. Furthermore, in vivo and clinical trials must be conducted to validate the outcomes of the current study.
DICER1‐mutated rhabdomyosarcoma of the ovary with teratoid features
Authors: Lethongsavarn Vincent , Vieille Pierre , Kikweta Makhama Jeanos , Azmani Rihab , Lafrance Webert , Khneisser Pierre , Truffaut Nathalene , Alame Melissa , Genestie Catherine , Gaspar Nathalie , Diedhiou Abdoulaye , Croce Sabrina , Le Loarer François
Published: September 2023

DICER1‐mutated rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare, emerging entity with a predilection for the gynecologic and genitourinary tracts. We report here a case of DICER1‐mutated rhabdomyosarcoma of the ovary in a 14 years old girl which displayed interspersed mature teratoid glands, neuroectodermal rosettes and immature blastematous‐like tubes. Morphologically the sarcomatous component predominated, corresponding to a high grade spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma with botryoid features. Islets of cartilage were present. The sarcomatous proliferation encased the teratoid glands, forming cambium layer‐like arrangements. The sarcoma cells were Myogenin and MYOD1 positive, the neuroectodermal rosettes expressed SALL4 along with cytokeratins and EMA and were negative for Inhibin; immature blastematous‐like tubes were negative for SALL4 and Inhibin. Whole RNA‐ and targeted DNA‐sequencing revealed two DICER1 mutations in exon 26: c.5113G>A: p.(Glu1705Lys) and exon 12: c.1642C>T: p.(Gln548X). The sarcomatous component harbored a complex genetic profile while the teratoid component was diploid, none of the above displayed abnormality of 12p. DICER1‐mutated sarcomas display pathological features similar to embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, botryoid type. They also display heterogeneous features combining cartilage foci, teratoid mature glands, immature blastematous‐like tubes and/or neuroectodermal components. Molecular testing remains necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Further studies need to clarify the nosology of DICER1‐mutated sarcomas and devise specific therapeutic strategies.
Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection Using the Random Forest Approach: The Case of The Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Tikuye Birhan Getachew , Rusnak Milos , Manjunatha Busnur R. , Jose Jithin
Published: September 2023

Monitoring land use change dynamics is critical for tackling food security, climate change, and biodiversity loss on a global scale. This study is designed to classify land use and land cover in the upper Blue Nile River Basin (BNRB) using a random forest (RF) algorithm. The Landsat images for Landsat 45, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 are used for classification purposes. The study area is classified into seven land use/land cover classes: cultivated lands, bare lands, built‐ups, forests, grazing lands, shrublands, and waterbodies. The accuracy of classified images is 83%, 85%, and 91% using the Kappa index of agreements. From 1983 to 2022 periods, cultivated lands and built‐up areas increased by 47541 and 1777 km2, respectively, at the expense of grazing lands, shrublands, and forests. Furthermore, the area of water bodies has increased by 662 km2 due to the construction of small and large‐scale irrigation and hydroelectric power generation dams. The main factors that determine agricultural land expansion are related to population growth. Therefore, land use and land cover change detection using a random forest is an important technique for multispectral satellite data classification to understand the optimal use of natural resources, conservation practices, and decision‐making for sustainable development.
High‐resolution in situ stable isotope measurements reveal contrasting atmospheric vapour dynamics above different urban vegetation
Authors: Ring Ann‐Marie , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Dubbert Maren , Dubbert David , Soulsby Chris
Published: September 2023

We monitored stable water isotopes in liquid precipitation and atmospheric water vapour (δv) using in situ cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) over a 2 month period in an urban green space area in Berlin, Germany. Our aim was to better understand the origins of atmospheric moisture and its link to water partitioning under contrasting urban vegetation. δv was monitored at multiple heights (0.15, 2 and 10 m) in grassland and forest plots. The isotopic composition of δv above both land uses was highly dynamic and positively correlated with that of rainfall indicating the changing sources of atmospheric moisture. Further, the isotopic composition of δv was similar across most heights of the 10 m profiles and between the two plots indicating high aerodynamic mixing. Only at the surface at ~0.15 m height above the grassland δv showed significant differences, with more enrichment in heavy isotopes indicative of evaporative fractionation especially after rainfall events. Further, disequilibrium between δv and precipitation composition was evident during and right after rainfall events with more positive values (i.e., values of vapour higher than precipitation) in summer and negative values in winter, which probably results from higher evapotranspiration and more convective precipitation events in summer. Our work showed that it is technically feasible to produce continuous, longer‐term data on δv isotope composition in urban areas from in situ monitoring using CRDS, providing new insights into water cycling and partitioning across the critical zone of an urban green space in Central Europe. Such data have the potential to better constrain the isotopic interface between the atmosphere and the land surface and to thus, improve ecohydrological models that can resolve evapotranspiration fluxes.
YOLOv5 based detector for eight different urine particles components on single board computer
Authors: Çınar Ahmet , Erkuş Merve , Tuncer Taner , Ayyıldız Hakan , Tuncer Seda Arslan
Published: September 2023

Urine sediment examination (USE) is an important issue in the detection of urinary system diseases and is a prerequisite, especially in the diagnosis of kidney diseases. The low‐contrast urine sediment images contain many particles, and these particles are superimposed or adherent, making it difficult to detect and interpret the particles. In this paper, a YOLOv5‐based urine analysis system, which is one of the fastest and most successful architectures used for object detection, is presented to identify particles in urine. The artificial intelligence‐based system, which can recognize bacteria, leukocytes, erythrocytes, crystals, yeast, cylinders, epithelium, and other particles, provides counting and reporting of components in the images obtained from the centrifuged urine sample through a microscope. The system consists of taking images from the microscope and recording them on SBC (Single Board Computer), artificial intelligence‐based software running on SBC, and database systems where urine analysis results are recorded. Different YOLOv5x architectures were used to evaluate the performance of the system and Precision, Recall, mAP, and F1_score values were obtained as metrics. According to the results obtained with the YOLOv5n, YOLOv5s, and YOLOv5m architectures, the highest mAP value of the system, which can recognize eight different particles, was 95.8% with YOLOv5m. This artificial intelligence‐based system, which will help laboratory workers, will not only save time but also eliminate the standardization differences in manual microscopy and will provide benefits as full‐time educational material.
Macroeconomic consequences of alternative reforms to the health insurance system in the United States
Authors: Feng Zhigang
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model designed to examine the macroeconomic effects and welfare implications of alternative reforms to the US health insurance system. Specifically, it scrutinizes the extent to which health care reform can mitigate inefficiencies stemming from market imperfections in the health insurance industry. The model considers a stochastic overlapping generations framework, incorporating heterogeneous agents who are subject to uncertain health shocks. These individuals make optimal decisions regarding labor supply, health insurance, and medical services. Given that the optimal levels of medical consumption and hours worked are endogenous, this setting encapsulates general equilibrium effects. The model is calibrated to US data, and numerical simulations suggest that suitable adjustments to the present health insurance system can broaden coverage and enhance welfare. This improvement is achieved by reducing adverse selection, improving overall health status, and lessening tax distortions on labor supply.
The role of plasma‐induced surface chemistry on polycaprolactone nanofibers to direct chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Asadian Mahtab , Tomasina Clarissa , Onyshchenko Yuliia , Chan Ke Vin , Norouzi Mohammad , Zonderland Jip , Camarero‐Espinosa Sandra , Morent Rino , De Geyter Nathalie , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are extensively being utilized for cartilage regeneration owing to their excellent differentiation potential and availability. However, controlled differentiation of BMSCs towards cartilaginous phenotypes to heal full‐thickness cartilage defects remains challenging. This study investigates how different surface properties induced by either coating deposition or biomolecules immobilization onto nanofibers (NFs) could affect BMSCs chondro‐inductive behavior. Accordingly, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) NFs were exposed to two surface modification strategies based on medium‐pressure plasma technology. The first strategy is plasma polymerization, in which cyclopropylamine (CPA) or acrylic acid (AcAc) monomers were plasma polymerized to obtain amine‐ or carboxylic acid‐rich NFs, respectively. The second strategy uses a combination of CPA plasma polymerization and a post‐chemical technique to immobilize chondroitin sulfate (CS) onto the NFs. These modifications could affect surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and chemical composition while preserving the NFs' nano‐morphology. The results of long‐term BMSCs culture in both basic and chondrogenic media proved that the surface modifications modulated BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation. Indeed, the incorporation of polar groups by different modification strategies had a positive impact on the cell proliferation rate, production of the glycosaminoglycan matrix, and expression of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen I and collagen II). The chondro‐inductive behavior of the samples was highly dependent on the nature of the introduced polar functional groups. Among all samples, carboxylic acid‐rich NFs promoted chondrogenesis by higher expression of aggrecan, Sox9, and collagen II with downregulation of hypertrophic markers. Hence, this approach showed an intrinsic potential to have a non‐hypertrophic chondrogenic cell phenotype.
The verification of delta SCF and Slater's transition state theory for the calculation of core ionization energy
Authors: Hirao Kimihiko , Nakajima Takahito , Chan Bun , Lee Ho‐Jin
Published: September 2023

The core ionization energies of second‐ and third‐period elements of the molecules C2H5NO2, SiF4, Si(CH3)4, PF3, POF3, PSF3, CS2, OCS, SO2, SO2F2, CH3Cl, CFCl3, SF5Cl, and Cl3PS are calculated by using Hartree‐Fock (HF), and Kohn‐Sham (KS) with BH&HLYP, B3LYP, and LC‐BOP functionals. We used ΔSCF, Slater's transition state (STS), and two previously proposed shifted STS (1) and shifted STS (2) methods, which have been developed. The errors of ΔSCF and STS come mainly from the self‐interaction errors (SIE) and can be corrected with a shifting scheme. In this study, we used the shifting parameters determined for each atom. The shifted STS (1) reproduces ΔSCF almost perfectly with mean absolute deviations (MAD) of 0.02 eV. While ΔSCF and STS vary significantly depending on the functional used, the variation of shifted STS (2) is small, and all shifted STS (2) values are close to the observed ones. The deviations of the shifted STS (2) from the experiment are 0.24 eV (BH&HLYP), 0.19 eV (B3LYP), and 0.23 eV (LC‐BOP). These results further support the use of shifted STS methods for predicting the core ionization energies.
Robust variance estimation in small meta‐analysis with the standardized mean difference
Authors: Zejnullahi Rrita , Hedges Larry V.
Published: September 2023

Conventional random‐effects models in meta‐analysis rely on large sample approximations instead of exact small sample results. While random‐effects methods produce efficient estimates and confidence intervals for the summary effect have correct coverage when the number of studies is sufficiently large, we demonstrate that conventional methods result in confidence intervals that are not wide enough when the number of studies is small, depending on the configuration of sample sizes across studies, the degree of true heterogeneity and number of studies. We introduce two alternative variance estimators with better small sample properties, investigate degrees of freedom adjustments for computing confidence intervals, and study their effectiveness via simulation studies.
Validation and comparison of four DNA extraction methods for genetically modified organisms analysis: From DNA quality control to quantification of genetically modified content in real‐life samples matrices
Authors: Verginelli Daniela , Spinella Katia , La Rocca Davide , Bonini Pamela , Fusco Cristiana , Misto Marisa , Quarchioni Cinzia , Peddis Stefania , Peroni Lorella , Marchesi Ugo
Published: September 2023

Background

The analysis of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed is broadly based on the detection of target DNA sequences using PCR‐based methods. The first step of a typical workflow in a GMO testing laboratory is DNA extraction and purification. Several DNA extraction methods have been described for this purpose so far. Whatever the method adopted, the yield and the quality of the extracted DNA are essential factors for the success of GMO analysis.

Results

The DNA extraction yield was variable between the different methods, while quality and efficiency appeared comparable. Each method allowed a different yield and a slight correlation between inhibition and the food/feed matrix extracted was observed. Particularly for challenging matrices, the method used for DNA extraction has a remarkable influence on both the quality and quantity of the recovered DNA. Small variations in value % GM content were observed in complex, heterogeneous matrices but not in CRMs and homogeneous matrices.

Conclusions

In this study, the purpose is not to establish the best method of extraction but to examine several parameters that play an important role in GMO detection and verify a possible effect on the quantified GMO percentage. In particular, it was found that the yield and quality of extracted DNA depends on the type of sample, notably the degree of processing, composition, particle size, and the protocol used, especially in relation to sample intake. The slightly different GM content observed in heterogeneous matrices could raise doubt in the case of samples close to the legal threshold.
Properties of OSA‐esterified insoluble fraction of Persian gum and its application in dairy cream
Authors: Nikkhou Shima , Labbafi Mohsen , Mousavi Mohammad E , Askari Gholamreza
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

In the present study, the insoluble fraction of Persian gum (IFPG) was modified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and its various properties were assessed. In addition, the effect of OSA‐IFPG on the rheological and textural properties of dairy cream was investigated.

RESULTS

Suitable conditions for achieving a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.023 were found at pH 9, IFPG concentration 4 wt%, OSA concentration 10 wt% and a temperature of 40 °C, within 120 min. The carbonyl group attachment in OSA‐IFPG was also confirmed via Fourier transform infrared and H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐NMR). While the X‐ray diffraction test indicated no significant changes in the structure of the IFPG after modification with OSA, esterification increased the negative charge density, decreased thermal decomposition temperature and increased the emulsifying capacity to 100%, which was obtained for the first time. The use of OSA‐modified IFPG in creams augmented the complex viscosity, loss and storage modulus, while also demonstrating the creation of a pseudo‐gel network. The hardness and adhesiveness of the texture increased, which can be explained by the formation of a compact structure and reduced particle size.

CONCLUSION

Overall, OSA‐IFPG with hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections may function as an emulsifier and be recommended as a safe source of hydrocolloids for emulsion stability. It can also provide a positive physical structure when added to dairy cream, even if the fat concentration is lower than usual. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Rare Case of Angiofibroma Presenting as an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
Authors: Elfstrand Erika , Löfvenberg Christian , Lundman Lars , Wikström Johan
Published: September 2023

A 30‐year‐old man presented with minute‐long episodes of vertigo and severe autophony. CVEMP showed a decreased threshold when testing the left side, potentially indicating SSCD. A subsequent MRI demonstrated a multi‐lobulated, cystic mass in the temporal bone and the radiological diagnosis at that time was ELST. Tumor excision was performed, and microscopic examination of the excised material revealed fibrovascular tissue without signs of papillary or cystic projections. The conclusion of the histological assessment rendered a diagnosis of angiofibroma. We were unable to find a previous report of ENA originating around the endolymphatic sac. Laryngoscope, 134:1897–1900, 2024
Transformation of phosphorus forms and its regulation on phosphorus availability across differently degraded marsh soils
Authors: Pu Yulin , Luo Yuanjun , Zhang Shirong , Li Ting , Yuan Dagang , Xu Xiaoxun , Qian Hongyu , Wang Guiying , Jia Yongxia , Li Yun
Published: September 2023

Soil phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient that controls wetland productivity and ecological functions. However, the effects of soil P forms on P availability during wetland degradation are relatively unknown. We selected differently degraded marshes, including non‐degraded marsh (NDM), lightly degraded marsh (LDM), moderately degraded marsh (MDM), and heavily degraded marsh (HDM), to research the changes in soil P forms by sequential chemical extraction and its regulation on P availability in the Zoige Plateau, China. The results showed that compared with the 0–30 cm soil layers of NDM, the main changes in total P concentration were a significant increase of 31.6%–44.2% in LDM and MDM, and the available P concentration increased by 28.7%–76.2% in LDM and MDM but decreased by 4.0%–47.5% in HDM with a lower P activation coefficient. Marsh degradation increased the concentration of soil dicalcium phosphates, P occluded in iron hydroxides, and organic P from the entire profile by 46.7%–137.7%, 31.7%–49.3%, and 78.1%–82.1%, respectively, while it decreased that of iron oxide surface adsorbed P and apatite P by 17.2%–32.2% and 15.3%–27.8%, respectively. Soil available P was mainly related to organic P and P non‐occluded in iron oxide minerals, which might also be a non‐negligible direct source of available P. The transformation from apatite P to organic P was an important regulatory mechanism of P availability in soils during marsh degradation. This study revealed the transformation trajectory of soil P forms owing to soil desiccation accompanied by plant community changes and overgrazing during alpine marsh degradation, and the risk of P limitation in HDMs with low soil available P. For degraded marsh restoration, some measures for improving P availability should be implemented in the future, such as grazing exclusion and the application of organic fertilizer.
A Tandem Approach to Fabricate a Hybrid, Organic‐Add‐Drop Filter Using Single‐Crystal Disk‐Resonators and Pseudo‐Plastic Crystal Waveguides
Authors: Pradeep Vuppu Vinay , Kumar Avulu Vinod , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: September 2023

The progress of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and related nanophotonic technologies is greatly influenced by precise and complex circuit fabrication know‐how. The integration of chemically different, multiple optical components for constructing hybrid PICs is a tedious and costly affair. Herein, a novel approach to construct a key optical circuit component is reported, namely a hybrid organic add‐drop filter (HOADF) by tandem use of two different techniques, namely, mechanophotonics (micromechanical manipulation) and crystal photonics foundry (focused ion beam, FIB‐assisted crystal milling). The successful integration of FIB‐milled, yellow‐emissive, perylene disk resonators (DRs) to two chemically different pseudo‐plastic microcrystal waveguides, namely yellow–orange‐emitting (Z)−2‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)−3‐(7‐methoxybenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)acrylonitrile (BTD2CF3) and green‐emitting (E)−1‐(((5‐bromopyridin‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalen‐2‐ol (BPyIN), provides a three‐component HOADF. The fabricated HOADF produce, split, route light signals of different wavelengths in a controlled fashion as anticipated from the circuit geometry. This presented innovative technique has the potential to enable bulk‐scale manufacturing of industrial standard organic PICs.
Infinite Wordle and the mastermind numbers
Authors: Hamkins Joel David
Published: September 2023

I consider the natural infinitary variations of the games Wordle and Mastermind, as well as their game‐theoretic variations Absurdle and Madstermind, considering these games with infinitely long words and infinite color sequences and allowing transfinite game play. For each game, a secret codeword is hidden, which the codebreaker attempts to discover by making a series of guesses and receiving feedback as to their accuracy. In Wordle with words of any size from a finite alphabet of n letters, including infinite words or even uncountable words, the codebreaker can nevertheless always win in n steps. Meanwhile, the mastermind number , defined as the smallest winning set of guesses in infinite Mastermind for sequences of length ω over a countable set of colors without duplication, is uncountable, but the exact value turns out to be independent of , for it is provably equal to the eventually different number , which is the same as the covering number of the meager ideal . I thus place all the various mastermind numbers, defined for the natural variations of the game, into the hierarchy of cardinal characteristics of the continuum.
Polymer–Protein Nanovaccine Synthesized via Reactive Self‐Assembly with Potential Application in Cancer Immunotherapy: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Chen Wenjuan , Ju Yuanyuan , Zhao Hanying , Wang Chun
Published: September 2023

Nanovaccines composed of polymeric nanocarriers and protein‐based antigens have attracted much attention in recent years because of their enormous potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as viral infections and cancer. While surface‐conjugated protein antigens are known to be more immunoactive than encapsulated antigens, current surface conjugation methods often result in low and insufficient protein loading. Herein, reactive self‐assembly is used to prepare nanovaccine from poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and ovalbumin (OVA)—a model antigen. A rapid thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction between PCL with pendant pyridyl disulfide groups and thiolated OVA results in the formation of nanoparticles with narrow size distribution. High OVA loading (≈70–80 wt%) is achieved, and the native secondary structure of OVA is preserved. Compared to free OVA, the nanovaccine is much superior in enhancing antigen uptake by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), promoting BMDC maturation and antigen presentation via the MHC I pathway, persisting at the injection site and draining lymph nodes, activating both Th1 and Th2 T cell immunity, and ultimately, resisting tumor challenge in mice. This is the first demonstration of reactive self‐assembly for the construction of a polymer–protein nanovaccine with clear potential in advancing cancer immunotherapy.
Unleashing the power of big data for platform firms: A configuration analysis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yuan Chunhui , Li Xiaolong
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the impact of big data on platform performance using a multidimensional perspective and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method. We identify two pathways for platforms to leverage big data to achieve performance improvement: “volume‐centric configuration” and “volume‐talent synergistic configuration.” Our results indicate that big data volume and talent of big data are the core conditions impacting platform performance, but an increase in these factors does not always equate to an improvement in performance. The study makes two substantial contributions: (1) identifying the configurations of big data that lead to high performance of the platform and illuminating the complex interplay of causality between the multidimensional nature of big data resources and their supporting conditions and (2) measuring the multidimensionality of big data resources in platform firms through the utilization of operational data of the app in question. This study has significant practical implications, providing guidance to platform firms on identifying appropriate big data resources to gain a competitive advantage and utilizing supporting conditions to address deficiencies in data assets.
Perspectives on chronic musculoskeletal pain management among healthcare professionals in Bhutan: A qualitative study
Authors: Tamang Monu , Dorji Nidup , Wangdi Kuenzang , Letho Zimba , Lhaki Karma , Dorji Thinley
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Musculoskeletal pain disorders continue to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Best practice care recommends patient‐centred biopsychosocial models of care. Little is known about the chronic musculoskeletal pain management in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Objectives

To explore the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain by healthcare professionals in Bhutan.

Methods

This study employed a qualitative design involving 19 Bhutanese healthcare professionals managing chronic musculoskeletal pain in Bhutan. We collected data using a semi‐structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was done manually.

Results

Healthcare professionals reported that patients rely on a combination of home remedies and seek help from local healers and hospitals for chronic musculoskeletal pain management. While healthcare professionals understand chronic musculoskeletal pain as multi‐dimensional phenomenon, the primary focus was on identifying and treating structural anomalies. Time constraints, inadequate knowledge and skills, lack of confidence, facilities and expertise were reported as barriers to the effective management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. They proposed a need for clinical guidelines, relevant skills training and creating awareness of chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusion

The management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in Bhutan is focused on identifying and treating physical abnormalities. Healthcare professionals consider psychosocial dimensions important but lack any form of actionable interventions in this domain.
Size effects in numerical homogenization of polycrystalline silicon
Authors: Weber Martin , Aßmus Marcus , Glüge Rainer , von Zabiensky Max , Altenbach Holm
Published: September 2023

A current topic in the photovoltaic industry is the analysis and evaluation of possible structural and material properties. This requires the effective material characteristics of polycrystalline silicon, which is an important component for the functional performance of the photovoltaic modules in use. Since this assessment is associated with high costs, it is to be carried out already in the product development process. Due to very thin silicon layers, the effect of the layer thickness on the effective material characteristics has to be investigated (see ). In this work, a procedure to determine these characteristic values is listed to investigate the size effect on different film thicknesses of this material (see ). With the knowledge of the properties of the silicon single crystal with its cubic symmetry on the micro level, a homogenization of the properties to the macro level can be done. The polycrystal structure with a cubic sample geometry forms the macro level. This structure is now cut into thinning layers for investigation. The open‐source software Neper is used to create the crystal structure and the inter‐connectivity for this purpose. With the help of Matlab, this information is passed on to the finite element program Abaqus, where the results are evaluated after an elastic calculation using Python. The focus is on the expected change in material properties as a function of the layer thickness.
Topological design factor optimization in the development of periodic‐type honeycomb lattice structure on the carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol composite
Authors: Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Sivakumar Narain Kumar , Sikder Prabaha , Alodhayb Abdullah , Muthuramamoorthy Muthumareeswaran
Published: September 2023

In most of the automobile and aerospace materials, cellular structures are extensively used due to their lightweight and high energy absorption capabilities. Naturally available animal bones and plant stems are light in weight due to their natural cellular structures. This may inspire various researchers for integrating the various lattice structures such as beam, planar, triply periodic minimal surfaces, and voronoi structures on the various structural materials. The development of lattice structures using 3D printing technology has opened up major attention towards fabricating lightweight components without any complications. In this study, the detailed crashworthiness responses such as compressive strength was optimized in terms of varying the topology‐related factors on the carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (CF/PETG) composite. The experimentation was conducted concerning variable topology factors such as shell thickness, unit cell type, wall thickness (WT), unit cell orientation (UCO), skewing angle, and unit cell size. The model was examined and optimized by means of the Taguchi optimization technique. The crashworthiness response was analyzed using the compression test and moreover, this experimental response is used for the optimization processes. From the observation, the topology factors which contributed more for the higher compressive strength will be UCO of 65.47% and WT of 15.20%. Results of the regression study show that theRsquare value with concern to the compressive strength will be 92.74%. The optimized design parametric condition for CF/PETG composite established a higher compressive strength of 41.179 MPa, From the overall results, it is clear that the variation in the topology factors has developed a huge and favorable impact on the mechanical characteristics of the lattice‐structured CF/PETG polymer composite.

Highlights

Hexagonal Lattice structure incorporation on the carbon fiber reinforced PETG composite.

Design optimization on the compressive properties.

Taguchi optimization is performed on design‐based lattice structures.

Unit cell orientation has higher percentage contribution on compressive strength.
MicroRNAs as critical regulators in liver fibrosis
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Zai Qiuhong , He Yong , Xie Qing
Published: September 2023

Liver fibrosis, a common characteristic of chronic liver diseases, is a major challenge to global health. The progression of liver fibrosis is responsible for liver‐related morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains unclear and an effective therapy has not yet been developed. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is well‐known to act as a central driver of liver fibrosis, while resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells further modulate HSC activation via extracellular signals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that are critical regulators for liver physiological and pathological processes by negatively regulating target gene expression and facilitating intercellular communication. Here, we review the involvement of miRNAs in the development and progression of liver fibrosis in various hepatic cells, including HSCs, hepatocytes, and inflammatory cells, and discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis.
Farming cattle in the tropics: Transnational science and industrializing pastures in Brazil
Authors: Nehring Ryan
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Society is increasingly concerned over the environmental impact of diets. Much of this concern is over the environmentally destructive nature of meat production, especially beef and especially in the Amazon. This article aims to understand the production of beef in Brazil through the understudied perspective of forage grasses. In doing so, the article traces who was involved in the importation and improvement of forage grasses in Brazil, why they were involved, and what the consequences of their actions were. By centering forage grasses, we can better understand the potential consequences of seemingly unimportant plant breeding efforts.

Beef is viewed by many as one of the more environmentally destructive foods today. Whether it is deforestation in the Amazon or concentrated feedlots, the rancher and the cow have come to epitomize the dangers of a global industrial food system. This article looks at the industrialization of beef cattle from another angle, a bit closer to the ground. It looks at the role and circulation of plants and plant breeders in the expansion of beef cattle in the Brazilian tropics.

The article draws on documents collected from the institutional archives of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, known by its Portuguese acronym Embrapa and the Rockefeller Archive Center. Additional archival documents were acquired by a personal contact. Embrapa was established in 1973, but its archives contain documents from Brazilian agricultural research agencies from as far back as 1952. Documents from the Rockefeller Archive Center include research bulletins and reports from Nelson Rockefeller's IBEC Research Institute (IRI), which conducted research on forage grasses from the 1950s until the 1970s.

The article puts forth the argument that imported and improved forage grasses made large‐scale cattle ranching environmentally viable and economically profitable in Brazil. One type of grass in particular, Brachiaria, was central in propelling Brazil as the world's largest producer of beef and underpinning perhaps the most environmentally and socially destructive cattle ranching system in the world. Brachiaria was a key biological and technological input to further entrench longstanding structural inequalities of land ownership.

One of the key conclusions of this article is that perspectives from the margins can be illustrative of how seemingly unimportant research (forage grass breeding) can have massive consequences as part of a broader socio‐environmental system.
The molecular details of a novel phosphorylation‐dependent interaction between MRN and the SOSS complex
Authors: El‐Kamand Serene , Adams Mark N. , Matthews Jacqueline M. , Du Plessis Mar‐Dean , Crossett Ben , Connolly Angela , Breen Natasha , Dudley Alexander , Richard Derek J. , Gamsjaeger Roland , Cubeddu Liza
Published: September 2023

The repair of double‐strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination is crucial in the maintenance of genome integrity. While the key role of the Mre11‐Rad50‐Nbs1 (MRN) complex in repair is well known, hSSB1 (SOSSB and OBFC2B), one of the main components of the sensor of single‐stranded DNA (SOSS) protein complex, has also been shown to rapidly localize to DSB breaks and promote repair. We have previously demonstrated that hSSB1 binds directly to Nbs1, a component of the MRN complex, in a DNA damage‐independent manner. However, recruitment of the MRN complex has also been demonstrated by an interaction between Integrator Complex Subunit 3 (INTS3; also known as SOSSA), another member of the SOSS complex, and Nbs1. In this study, we utilize a combined approach of in silico, biochemical, and functional experiments to uncover the molecular details of INTS3 binding to Nbs1. We demonstrate that the forkhead‐associated domain of Nbs1 interacts with INTS3 via phosphorylation‐dependent binding to INTS3 at Threonine 592, with contributions from Serine 590. Based on these data, we propose a model of MRN recruitment to a DSB via INTS3.
Sex differences in right ventricular function between Groups 1 and 3 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kazmirczak Felipe , Thenappan Thenappan , Prins Kurt W. , Prisco Sasha Z.
Published: September 2023

Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients have disproportionate right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) compared to pulmonary arterial hypertension. We evaluated how sex and PH etiology modulated RVD. Strain echocardiography showed no intrasex differences between PH types. Heightened RVD in Group 3 PH may be due to a greater male proportion.
Understanding the behavior of ESG in both OPEC and non‐OPEC countries? The implications for sustainable development reaching
Authors: Peng Xin‐Yu , Zou Xing‐Yun , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Chang Chun‐Ping
Published: September 2023

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has increasingly become the most pressing concern for governments, social organizations, companies, and other stakeholders. Understanding macro ESG behavior can assist governments in achieving their sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this paper, we investigate whether the macro ESG index of OPEC and non‐OPEC oil‐producing countries over the period 1990–2020 exhibits mean‐reversion behavior and whether the external shocks are transient or permanent. By conducting a series of advanced panel stationarity tests, we find that the macro ESG indices of the sample countries do not exhibit mean‐reversion and that an external shock has a permanent effect. We also identifies the yearly structural breaks that occur in the sample countries and attempts to explain why. Our research suggests that governments should use policy interventions to counteract external shocks to macro ESG behavior so as to achieve sustainable development and long‐term performance stability.
The Poster Carousel in theESLClassroom: What Happens to Learners'L2Fluency During Same and Parallel‐Task Repetition?
Authors: Hunter Ann‐Marie
Published: September 2023

This paper reports on the impact of an English as a Second Language (ESL) speaking activity—the poster carousel—on English learners' second language (L2) fluency. Two versions of the poster carousel were developed to observe the effect of talking about (a) the same poster three times (same‐task repetition) or (b) three different posters (parallel‐task repetition). 46 ESL learners took part, and their performances were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using PRAAT to detail their L2 utterance fluency. The findings suggest that learners were more fluent during repeated performances in thesame‐task repetitionposter carousel group. No changes in fluency were observed for theparallel‐task repetitionposter carousel group. A detailed case study explores these observed fluency increases in the same‐task repetition group and generates further hypotheses for empirical exploration. Some observations are made which relate to the selection of fluency measures in L2 fluency research.
Toxicity of triclosan, an antimicrobial agent, to a nontarget freshwater zooplankton species, Moina macrocopa
Authors: Samarakoon Thilomi , Fujino Takeshi
Published: September 2023

The toxicity of triclosan (TCS) on the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa was investigated by acute and chronic toxicity assessments followed by genotoxicity and oxidative stress response analyses. The 48‐h LC50 of TCS for ≤24‐h‐old M. macrocopa was determined as 539 μg L−1. Chronic exposure to TCS at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μg L−1 showed a stimulatory effect at low concentrations (≤10 μg L−1) and an inhibitory effect at high concentrations (≥50 μg L−1) on growth, reproduction, and population‐growth‐related parameters of M. macrocopa. The genotoxicity test results indicated that TCS concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 μg L−1 can alter individuals' DNA. Analysis of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione s‐transferase (GST) demonstrated increased levels of these enzymes at high TCS concentrations. Our results indicated that TCS concentrations found in the natural environment have minimal acute toxicity to M. macrocopa. However, TCS at even low concentrations can significantly affect its growth, reproduction, and population‐growth‐related characteristics. The observed responses suggest a hormetic dose–response pattern and imply a potential endocrine‐disrupting effect of TCS. Our molecular and biochemical findings indicated that high concentrations of TCS have the potential to induce oxidative stress that may lead to DNA alterations in M. macrocopa.
Pneumocephalus and meningoencephalitis as a complication of otitis media in a dog
Authors: Lluesma Begoña , Mari Lorenzo , Benigni Livia , Muñiz Moris Laura
Published: September 2023

A 3‐year‐old Maltese dog presented with vestibular signs that worsened after a grass seed was removed from the right external ear canal. Neurological examination was suggestive of a brainstem lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed, and findings were consistent with infectious meningoencephalitis and otogenic pneumocephalus secondary to intracranial extension of right otitis media. A culture of the right middle ear effusion yieldedStaphylococcus epidermidis. The dog was euthanased under general anaesthesia due to worsening of the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Pneumocephalus in dogs has been described secondary to surgery, trauma, meningocele and meningoencephalocele. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing otogenic pneumocephalus in a dog.