bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Natural Resistance to Salmonella Typhimurium of the Normal Mouse, Rat and Pyridoxine-Deficient Rat
Authors: Furness G. , Axelrod A. E.
Published: December 2022

The interaction of Salmonella typhimurium and the humoral and cellular defenses of normal rats and mice and pyridoxine deficient rats has been compared. These strains are killed by rat serum but not by mouse serum. Normal rats and mice rapidly clear the majority of the bacteria from the blood stream but a residual bacteremia is always found in the mouse. These virulent organisms multiply within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system of both the rat and mouse. The total number of organisms in the liver and spleen of the mouse shows a consistent upward trend accompanied by bacteremia. The number of organisms in the liver and spleen of the rat follows a cyclical rise and fall. A concomitant bacteremia has been demonstrated when the cycles are at their peak. It is suggested that the fall in numbers is due to the bactericidal action of serum upon bacteria escaping from the RES. Pyridoxine deficiency in the rat does not alter the bactericidal power of the serum or the ability of the cells of the RES to control this pathogen.
The Cessation of Antibody Absorption in the Young Pig
Authors: Speer Vaughn C. , Brown Herbert , Quinn Loyd , Catron Damon V.
Published: December 2022

Eight litters of nine pigs each were employed to delineate the length of time after birth that the baby pig is capable of absorbing antibodies from orally ingested colostrum milk containing Escherichia coli antibodies. A sensitized sheep red blood cell hemagglutination test was used to detect the presence of the antibodies contained in the serum. It was found that the baby pig efficiently absorbed the E. coli antibodies at a very young age. This efficiency declined rapidly, following the first order reaction rate law, with a half-life absorption efficiency of 3 hr. Antibody absorption declined to insignificant amounts in baby pigs beyond 24 hr of age.
Anaphylaxis in Bordetella Pertussis-Treated Mice
Authors: Munoz J. , Anacker R. L.
Published: December 2022

A comparison has been made of PCA induced in mice with rabbit and with mouse antibody. Approximately 50 times more rabbit anti-Ea Ab N than mouse anti-Ea Ab N is required to produce the minimal response. PCA can be induced in mice with homologous antibody at least as early as 15 min and at least as late as 6 hr after the injection of antibody. The duration of sensitivity to PCA with mouse antibody, therefore, is very similar to that reported by Ovary with rabbit antibody.

Despite the close phylogenetic relationship of mice and rats, approximately as much mouse antibody as rabbit antibody is required to sensitize the rat to PCA.

Cells of Bordetella pertussis do not enhance PCA in the mouse sensitized with either mouse or rabbit antibody.
Allergenicity of Cow's Milk Protein
Authors: Grogan Fred T. , Crawford Lloyd V.
Published: December 2022

The effect of irradiation on the antigenicity of cow's milk has been studied by the agar diffusion technique.

The irradiated milk was compared to commercial nonirradiated cow's milk products. The effects of irradiation of the individual purified cow's milk proteins were also studied.

It was observed that irradiation reduces the antigenicity of whole cow's milk.
A New in Vitro Method (END) for Detection and Measurement of Hog Cholera Virus and Its Antibody by Means of Effect of Hc Virus on Newcastle Disease Virus in Swine Tissue Culture
Authors: Matumoto Minoru , Kumagai Tetsuo , Shimizu Takehiko , Ikeda Sumio
Published: December 2022

The new in vitro method described in the first report of this series was successfully employed for titrating hog cholera virus with highly reproducible results. The sensitivity of the method appeared to be somewhat lower than the conventional swine inoculation method. However, this disadvantage was overcome by an intermediary passage of the viral material to be tested in swine spleen culture. All the laboratory strains of hog cholera virus so far tested were found to be capable of producing this phenomenon, excepting the Lederle live vaccine strain, whereas various swine materials not containing the virus invariably failed to produce the phenomenon. The method appeared to be as effective as swine inoculation for the detection of hog cholera virus in naturally infected swine. This method was also applied to the detection and measurement of neutralizing antibodies against hog cholera virus. The mechanism of the phenomenon was discussed and it was concluded that this was an example of virus exaltation.
A Comparative Study of the Hemagglutinating and Skin Sensitizing Activities of Ragweed Sensitive Human Sera
Authors: Mathews Kenneth P. , Spear H. Jane
Published: December 2022

This study was undertaken to determine whether skin sensitizing antibodies are responsible for the capacity of sera from untreated ragweed sensitive patients to agglutinate red cells sensitized with ragweed extract by bisdiazotized benzidine or in tanned cell antiglobulin tests. The procedures used were a) absorption tests employing sensitized red cells; b) inhibition tests with a highly concentrated ragweed extract dialysate; and c) comparison of the hemagglutinating and skin sensitizing titers of different sera.

Absorption tests showed somewhat variable results (probably due in large part to the heterogeneity of the system), but in a number of instances complete absorption of hemagglutinating activity was accomplished with no change in skin sensitizing activity. Sera neutralized with a highly concentrated ragweed extract dialysate showed no change in BDB test titers but significant losses of passive transfer activity. No significant correlation was observed between BDB or TCAG hemagglutination test titers and skin sensitizing titers of different sera. Together with recent information from other laboratories, these results indicate that the hemagglutinating activity of sera from untreated ragweed sensitive patients in BDB and TCAG tests is not due solely, if at all, to skin sensitizing antibodies.
Measurement of the Opsonic Effect of Normal and Immune Sera on the Phagocytosis of Salmonella Typhi by the Reticuloendothelial System
Authors: Biozzi G. , Stiffel C. , Halpern B. N. , Minor L. Le , Mouton D.
Published: December 2022

A precise and sensitive method is described for measuring the opsonic activity of a serum on the phagocytosis of Salmonella typhi by the reticuloendothelial system in mice. This method is based upon the measurement of the increased rate of phagocytosis of circulating microorganisms, produced by the injected opsonins. The serum activity is expressed in terms of opsonizing units/ml (OpU/ml).

The opsonin titer of eight normal rabbit sera ranged between 11 and 250 OpU/ml. The immunization of rabbits with H antigen did not significantly increase the opsonizing activity of their serum as evidenced by an opsonic titer ranging from 31 to 215 OpU/ml. The immunization with O antigen markedly increased the opsonic titer of the serum to 18,000 to 48,000 OpU/ml.
Studies on the Second Component of Complement
Authors: Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert J. , Mayer Manfred M.
Published: December 2022

Cycling experiments involving decay of EAC'1,4,2 to EAC'1,4, followed by regeneration with chromatographically purified C'2, demonstrate that reactive sites in the state SA2C'1,4,2 decay to the condition SA2C'1,4 and may be regenerated to the former by action of C'2. It was necessary to use purified C'2 because cruder reagents, when used for regeneration, produced progressive loss of reactivity in successive cycles, presumably due to destruction of SA2C'1,4 by a factor other than C'2.
Distribution of Allelic Allotypes among γG-Immunoglobulins and Purified Anti-Hapten Antibodies from the Same Rabbit
Authors: Lark Cynthia A. , Eisen Herman N. , Dray Sheldon
Published: December 2022

Antibodies were prepared to the two haptenic groups 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and p-azobenzenearsonate (R-azo) in 17 rabbits heterozygous at either or both the a or b allotypic specificity loci. By qualitative Ouchterlony test, every purified antibody preparation contained the same allotypic specificities as that of the immune serum from which it had been isolated. By quantitative Oudin analysis in agar gel tubes, the quantitative variation of allotypes among the antibody preparations of individual rabbits was considerable. Among five b4/b5 heterozygous rabbits, the concentration of b4 and b5 molecules in the purified anti-DNP population was not consistently different from that in the bulk γG-immunoglobulins from which they were isolated (P > 0.20). On the other hand, among the same five b4:b5 heterozygotes as well as two more, the concentration of b4 molecules was consistently greater (P < 0.05) and of b5 molecules consistently less (P < 0.01) in the purified anti-R-azo population than in the bulk γG-immunoglobulins from which they were isolated. Furthermore, among four a1/a3 heterozygous rabbits, the concentration of a1 molecules was consistently less (P < 0.01) and of a3 molecules consistently more (P < 0.09) in the anti-DNP population than in the bulk γG-immunoglobulins from which they were isolated. While these results suggest that antibodies of a given specificity are selectively formed from certain allotypes, confidence in the biologic significance of the present results must be restrained until additional experimental conditions outlined in this article are satisfied.
Interrelationship of Adenovirus (Type 4) and Papovavirus (SV-40) in Monkey Kidney Cell Cultures
Authors: Beardmore W. B. , Havlick M. J. , Serafini A. , McLean I. W.
Published: December 2022

Our experimental data indicate: a) Pure Type 4 adenovirus will not produce infectious progeny in monkey kidney cell culture; b) pure Type 4 adenovirus will reproduce in HEK and HEp-2 cells and give high yields of infectious virus; c) the incomplete form of adenovirus developed in monkey kidney tissue is associated with a lack of formation of intranuclear RNA; d) a dual infection of Type 4 adenovirus and SV-40 in primary monkey kidney cell culture allows the adenovirus to mature in an apparently normal manner; e) simultaneous massive infection of monkey kidney cell cultures with SV-40 is required for maximum growth of Type 4 adenovirus.
Detection of Tissue Isoantigens on Primary and Serial Heteroploid Cell Lines of Human Origin by the Mixed Agglutination Technique
Authors: Metzgar Richard S. , Flanagan John F. , Zmijewski Chester M.
Published: December 2022

The technique of mixed agglutination has been used to detect tissue isoantigens on human cells grown in tissue culture. Both primary human kidney cultures and heteroploid serial cell lines were shown to possess the isoantigens. The antisera used in these studies were from multiparous women and immunized chimpanzees. The sera were known to contain antibodies which reacted with human isoantigens by leukocyte agglutination. Absorption experiments showed the isoantigens detected on the serial heteroploid cultures were also present on human leukocytes and platelets.
Some Immunologic Properties of Human Glomerular Basement Membrane
Authors: Steblay Raymond William
Published: December 2022

Four sheep injected with HGBM and Freund's adjuvant and one injected with RGBM and Freund's adjuvant developed fulminating glomerulonephritis, presumably by an autoimmune mechanism. Four controls injected with Freund's adjuvant alone did not develop nephritis. Sera taken from all five sheep with terminal nephritis were injected into rabbits intravenously and produced acute diffuse proliferative and exudative glomerulonephritis. The nephritis induced in rabbits by sheep anti-HGBM or anti-RGBM sera was immediate in onset or delayed in onset (5 to 11 days). The onset of the nephritis was correlated with the dosage of antisera administered. In this experiment the amount of cross-reacting sheep anti-HGBM sera needed to produce immediate nephritis was 20 to 60 times greater than the amount of sheep anti-RGBM serum required. Human GBM contains at least two different nephrotoxic antigens: one is closely related to a nephrotoxic antigen(s) in rabbit GBM. The other is presumably not present in rabbit GBM, but is closely related to an antigen(s) in dog GBM. Delayed nephrotoxic serum nephritis was differentiated from serum sickness nephritis by such characteristics of proteinuria as onset, amount and duration. The histopathology of the two kinds of nephritis was different and distinctive. A two-stage mechanism for nephrotoxic serum nephritis was presented. The first stage consists of immediate localization of nephrotoxic antibodies on glomerular basement membrane. If the ratio of injected antibodies per glomerulus reaches a certain critical level, detectable proteinuria and glomerular damage appear immediately after injection. The second stage consists of formation of antibodies against the injected γ-globulin and reaction of these antibodies with the localized antibodies in the glomerulus. Some rabbits may have a superimposed serum sickness due to the various kinds of circulating sheep serum antigen-rabbit antibody complexes. Although serum sickness and the second stage delayed nephrotoxic serum nephritis both depend on host antibodies to initiate their different mechanisms of glomerular damage, proteinuria began significantly earlier in the delayed nephrotoxic nephritis group. This may be due to the prior localization of nephrotoxic antibody in the glomerulus and/or subclinical first stage glomerular damage. Production of nephritis in rabbits with sera from sheep dying of nephritis induced by active immunization is the first example that we are aware of where the species producing the nephrotoxic antibodies developed nephritis itself: the relationship of the nephrotoxic antibodies demonstrated against the rabbit glomerulus with the pathogenesis of the sheep disease is not clear.
Anti-Bovine Serum Albumin Specificity and Binding Affinity after Termination of Tolerance to Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Linscott William D. , Weigle William O.
Published: December 2022

Rabbits tolerant to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were injected with soluble arsanil-sulfanil-BSA (A-S-BSA) to terminate the tolerant state. Following termination of the tolerant state the specificity of the antibodies produced as a result of periodic injections of soluble BSA was then assayed by antigen binding, inhibition and dissociation studies. By these criteria, antibody specificity and binding affinity immediately after the termination of tolerance were much higher for A-S-BSA than for BSA. After six monthly injections of BSA the binding affinity of the antibody for A-S-BSA was still appreciably higher than that for BSA when compared to normal rabbits injected in the same manner. However, antigen binding and inhibition studies showed that three of five previously tolerant animals were producing antibodies of approximately the same specificity for BSA as were the normal control animals.

Normal control rabbits injected first with soluble A-S-BSA and then periodically with soluble BSA continued to produce antibodies with a higher specificity for A-S-BSA than for BSA for several months, although eventually the specificities for the two antigens became nearly equal.

Based on lack of inactivation by mercaptoethanol, the antibody response at various times after the termination of tolerance does not have a significant 19 S component.
Intracerebral Salmonella Typhosa Infection in Chicks: Passive Protection by Chicken Antisera of Differing Specificities
Authors: Suh Inn Soo , Shaffer Morris F.
Published: December 2022

Chicken antisera prepared against several Salmonella strains were administered intramuscularly to 1-day-old chicks, approximately 24 hr prior to intracerebral challenge with 100 viables of Salmonella typhosa Ty 2. Life-sparing and infection-eliminating effects were demonstrated not only with antisera vs. the homologous strain and the Vi I strain, respectively, but also with antisera to strains devoid of Vi antigen such as S. typhosa H 901 and O 901, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella essen and Salmonella pullorum. No benefits were evident from the use of antisera vs. Salmonella paratyphi A var. durazzo or Salmonella virginia. The findings indicate that antibodies directed against certain components of the O complex found in S. typhosa are important in passive protection, as is anti-Vi; the immunogenic role of these and other factors, as yet unidentified, is worthy of further analysis.
Neglected scrub typhus
Authors: Sharma Dixit , Sharma Ankita , Singh Birbal , Kumar Sunil , Verma Shailender Kumar
Published: December 2022

Scrub typhus is a neglected disease and one of the most serious health problems in the Asia-Pacific region. The disease is caused by an obligate intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by chigger bites or larval mite bites. Scrub typhus is a threat to billions of people worldwide causing different health complications and acute encephalitis in infants and growing children. The disease causes multiple organ failure and mortality rates may reach up to 70% due to a lack of appropriate healthcare. Currently available genome and proteome databases, and bioinformatics methods are valuable tools to develop novel therapeutics to curb the pathogen. This review discusses the state-of-the-art of information about Orientia tsutsugamushi-mediated scrub typhus and delineates the role of omics technologies to develop drugs against the pathogen. The role of proteome-wide in silico approaches for the identification of therapeutic targets is also highlighted.
A Case Report of ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patient Coinfected with Both Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses
Authors: Kaushal Raka , Srivastava Avinash , Singh Kulwant
Published: December 2022

Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for HIV-positive ESKD patients. There are many challenges such as interactions between antiretroviral drugs and immunosuppressants, coinfection with hepatitis B (HBV) or/and C (HCV) viruses, and a higher risk of posttransplant infections and malignancies. We should not defer HIV-positive kidney transplants perceiving these medical complexities, instead employ a multidisciplinary approach to achieve successful transplantation. For HIV-positive ESKD patients, ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation and considering HIV-positive kidney donors are successful strategies for increasing the donor pool. We report a case of an HIV-positive ESKD patient who had coinfection with both HBV and HCV viruses and successfully underwent an ABOi live-related kidney transplant.
Large de novo Renal Cell Cancer in Renal Allograft
Authors: Agrawal Shashank , Parikh Aditya , Sabnis Ravindra B. , Desai Mahesh R.
Published: December 2022

Renal cell cancer (RCC) in renal allograft is a rare entity. We report a case of RCC successfully diagnosed in a 42-year-old renal allograft recipient which developed 13 years after engraftment. The patient was initially evaluated using ultrasound for two episodes of hematuria followed by contrast-enhanced CT scan revealing 9.7 cm × 8.6 cm × 6.5 cm heterogeneously enhancing mass at mid-pole with involvement of renal sinus. Allograft nephrectomy was performed. A genetic study with DNA microsatellite analysis showed de novo RCC from donor origin. Seven months after surgery, the patient is alive with no evidence of tumor recurrence and is now planned for a second renal transplant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest allograft RCC reported in the Indian scenario.
Awareness, Attitude, and Willingness of Organ Donation among Adult Population in Western Rajasthan
Authors: Kalal Nipin , Sharma Suresh K. , Rana Nimarta , Kumar Ashok , Mathur Deepti
Published: December 2022

Background:

Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure all over the world, and the demand for organs has increased as a result. Organ donation involves legal, psychological, and ethical considerations. Many countries around the world have reported that people's attitudes toward organ donation are influenced by various factors such as knowledge, education, and religion. The existing study sought to explore the awareness, attitude, and willingness of organ donation among adult population in Western Rajasthan.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional hospital-based survey was conducted with 445 adult populations who were visiting the hospital. Self-Structured Awareness Assessment Scale for Organ Donation and Attitude Assessment Scale for Organ Donation were used. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software 22.0 version.

Results:

74.61% of participants were aware about organ donation. Statistically (P < 0.001) higher odds for organ donation willingness was found among participants who were aware that organ such as eye (odd ratio [OR]: 10.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.40–24.25, P < 0.001), heart (OR: 4.71.95% CI: 2.68–8.25), P ≤ 0.001), intestine (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.41–3.6, P = 0.001), skin OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.83–4.70) P ≤ 0.001), extremities (Lower and upper) (OR: 2.46,95% CI: 1.53–3.95, P ≤ 0.001) can be donated or transplanted. 40.6% of the participants disagree that it is better to die than to receive an organ from another person. Interestingly, 35.28% of the participants agreed that organ donation is a true donation and a real service to mankind.

Conclusions:

This study not only echoes low awareness of organ donation among the adult population in Western Rajasthan, India but also reflects low and neutral level of positive attitude and willingness for organ donation.
Spontaneous Renal Allograft Rupture of Unknown Etiology - A Case Report
Authors: Maqbool Umar , Krishna Asuri , Bansal V. K. , Prakash Om , Kumar Subodh
Published: December 2022

Rupture of renal allograft is a rare but serious complication of transplantation. This is usually attributed to acute rejection, acute tubular necrosis, or renal vein thrombosis. Some other causes such as renal graft biopsy and lymphatic obstruction are also mentioned as possible causes. This usually occurs during the first 1–3 weeks following transplantation, but cases occurring as late as 72 months have been reported. A 23-year-old male with established chronic kidney disease stage 5, underwent live-related renal transplantation using a kidney from a 46-year-old donor (mother). The laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was uneventful. The patient had an uneventful intraoperative course with usual early postoperative recovery. The patient was having a good early postoperative course. On postoperative day (POD) 2, there was sudden decrease in urine output to 100 ml/h. Ultrasonography Doppler on the same day evening showed normal color flow in the renal artery and renal vein. At around 7 p.m., there was sudden increase in drain output with fresh blood as content (500 ml in 10 min) with tachycardia and hypotension. In view of increased drain output, the patient was taken to operating room and reexploration was done. At reexploration, the renal allograft was found to have two longitudinal ruptures of around 8 cm × 1 cm × 2 cm and 5 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm (length × width × depth) with active bleed. The initial attempt was made to achieve hemostasis and salvage the graft kidney, but due to uncontrolled bleed, explantation was performed. Histology showed features of acute tubular injury. However, there was no evidence of acute rejection, acute tubular necrosis, or vascular thrombosis. This case demonstrates that early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a life-threatening condition such as renal allograft rupture with explantation of the graft may be required in certain conditions as a life-saving procedure.
Quantitative Analysis of Kruppel-Like Factor 5-Related Messenger RNA Transcripts in Ischemic Myocardium for Discrimination of Death Causes
Authors: Ma Xingyu , Li Yeming , Xi Ya , Su Liyang , Tong Yuxing , Wang Chun , Yu Tianshui , Zhao Dong
Published: December 2022

Background:

Accumulated studies have demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcription factor, plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and tissue remodeling through the expression of its downstream genes. KLF5-related factors are expected to be involved in the healing process after myocardial injury or myocardial ischemic changes, especially for the forensic diagnosis of myocardial ischemic physiopathology.

Aim and Objectives:

This study aimed to explore the discrimination ability and applicability of KLF5-related factors in SCD caused by MI compared with other causes of death to provide further insights into the forensic diagnosis of myocardial ischemic pathology.

Materials and Methods:

The relative quantification of F-Box and WD Repeat Domain Containing 7 (FBW7), KLF5, factor-binding protein (FGFBP) 1, and FGFBP2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in myocardial tissue samples was performed using real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. KLF5 and FGFBP1/2 protein levels were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The forensic autopsy cases (27 in total, autopsy within 72 h postmortem) included seven cases of acute myocardial infarction and 10 cases of acute myocardial ischemia. There were 10 cases in the control group, including four cases of traffic injury one case of injury by fall from height, one case of electric death, and four cases of blunt force injury.

Results:

Characteristic results were found in myocardial samples from three groups of deaths: KLF5 and FGFBP1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the infarction and ischemia groups, while FBW7 mRNA levels were significantly decreased. FBW7 is an important ubiquitin ligase that can mediate the degradation of KLF5 protein. In addition, FBW7 and FGFBP2 mRNA levels were decreased in the infarction group compared with the ischemia group. The IHC results were consistent with the observed mRNA expression patterns.

Conclusions:

Quantitative detection of FBW7, KLF5, FGFBP1, and FGFBP2 mRNA transcripts in myocardial tissues supports the pathophysiological study of myocardial ischemic diseases and provides molecular pathological evidence for forensic discrimination of death causes.
A Pregnant Woman Died of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Cao Chang , Li Mingming , Liu Zhanzhan , Fang Shiyong , Chen Gang , Chen Guang , Ma Tongjun , Zhu Xuyang , Xu Xiang
Published: December 2022

Here, we report a case of acute attack of coronary heart disease (CHD). A 47-year-old pregnant woman with gestational hypertension developed sudden-onset chest tightness, palpitations, dyspnea, and cyanosis of the face and lips after admission. Her blood pressure was 180/110 mmHg and her blood oxygen saturation was 45% at that time. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a weak heartbeat was restored, but oxygen saturation did not increase significantly. Therefore, she was transferred to the intensive care unit; however, she died after 21 days of admission. Autopsy findings revealed that a foreign body was embedded in the esophagus near the right piriform, and her heart weighed 392 g; histopathological examination revealed CHD, thrombosis in the lumen of the right coronary artery, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, vascular hyaline degeneration in arterioles, neutrophils in the bronchiole and alveolar. All the tested samples yielded negative toxicological results. Clinical status and autopsy findings were not compatible with a diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy. The patient's sudden death was attributed to CHD, and esophageal foreign-body impaction was considered to be concomitant phenomenon. Our findings might help in increasing the awareness between esophageal foreign-body impaction and sudden cardiac death and they can also help in clarifying that understanding the primary cause of death is the key to resolving an iatrogenic medical tangle.
Sudden Cardiac Death Due to Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Tang Wei , Zhang Kai , Li Kai , Wang Jianwen , Yu Youjia , Chen Feng
Published: December 2022

Identification of sudden cardiac death (SCD) with a structurally normal heart remains an important challenge in forensic pathology. Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is known as an inherited or acquired channelopathy, which is characterized with prolonged QT interval, and is likely to cause SCD in young adults. In this circumstance, no specific pathological change in the heart can be found anatomically or histologically in the LQTS victims. Thus, postmortem LQTS diagnosis is mainly based on clinical manifestations and genetic testing. Here, we reported a 26-year-old woman who was found dead at home with a history of unexplained syncope. Her clinical records and an electrocardiograph (ECG) obtained 3 months before her death showed a QTc interval of 539 ms which implicates the diagnosis of LQTS. Although the autopsy and pathological examination findings lacked specificity, we noticed enhanced lipofuscin accumulation in cardiomyocytes, which might be related to LQTS. After excluding potential diseases and injuries, we made the postmortem diagnosis as LQTS according to ECG, clinical history, and forensic postmortem findings. In conclusion, we provided clinical and pathological features of an SCD case due to LQTS, which might enrich the understanding of forensic postmortem SCD diagnosis with nonstructural cardiac diseases.
Role of Microendoscopic Discectomy for the Treatment of Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Luhana Rakeshkumar C. , Doshi Jinil N. , Khodifad Ankit
Published: December 2022

Background:

Recurrent herniation following lumbar disc excision has been reported in 5–11% of patients. There are very few studies on role and outcomes of minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of recurrent disc herniation.

Study Design:

A retrospective analytical study of 22 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation treated with minimally invasive techniques.

Objectives:

To analyze the role and scope of minimally invasive surgical techniques and consequent outcome in various cases of recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Method:

Total 22 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniations who underwent operations in the form of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) were studied for a period of 1 year. These cases of recurrent lumbar disc herniation with the perioperative data and clinical outcomes (according to modified Macnab criteria) upto 1 year follow up were compared with the previously published data.

Results:

Overall, the clinical outcomes were significantly excellent or good during and at 1 year follow-up. No case had to be converted to open procedure. Complications occurred in three cases including one incidental durotomy and two patients had recurrent disc herniation. No other significant morbidity including wound infection, neural injury or residual instability occurred till last follow-up. Operative duration, blood loss, complication rate and overall outcomes were statistically comparable to the previously published data.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that outcomes of minimally invasive techniques for treating recurrent lumbar disc herniation are equivalent to or even superior in some cases in which conventional open surgery was considered. The operative time, blood loss and complications of patients treated with revision MED were comparable to the previously published data. The procedure appears to be a safe and effective alternative with significant improvement in pain, disability, and faster return to work in case of recurrent lumbar disc herniation.
Primary Burkitt's Lymphoma at the Nasopharynx and Skull Base with Unusual Clinical Presentations in a 13-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2022

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm an uncommon at the nasopharynx and skull base area. BL is rapidly growing B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract, whereas the primary involvement of the anterior skull base and nasopharynx is uncommon. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirm the diagnosis. Here, we are presenting a case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with BL at the nasopharynx and anterior skull base with intracranial invasion. The objective for reporting of this case report is to describe the rarity of location, unusual clinical presentations, and management of the BL. As BL is an aggressive tumor and considered a serious clinical condition, so requires timely diagnosis for prompt and appropriate treatment.
Are Intravenous Antibiotics Routinely Indicated in the Management of Secondary Post Tonsillectomy Haemorrhage?
Authors: Nae Andreea , Khan Mohammed Habibulah , Heffernan Colleen Bernadeth , Keogh Ivan James
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To review secondary posttonsillectomy hemorrhage (SPTH) patients in our unit, assess them for evidence of infection and make recommendations about the routine use of intravenous (iv) antibiotics.

Methods:

Retrospective review of our departmental tonsillectomy database over 3 consecutive years. Inflammatory markers, temperature, and throat swab results were analyzed.

Results:

3160 tonsillectomies were performed; 1856 on children. The patient's age range 273 years. One hundred and twenty-three SPTH cases were recorded (3.9% rate), with a slight female preponderance (61%). All received broad-spectrum IV antibiotics. Twenty percent of SPTH presented on the 5th postoperative day (range days 227). Eighty-four-and-a-half percent of patients had no clinical or laboratory evidence of infection. Nineteen (15.5%) patients had elevated C reactive protein, white cell count, and neutrophils. Forty patients had throat swabs performed with no pathogens isolated.

Conclusions:

Clinical signs of infection are uncommon in SPTH. The decision to use iv antibiotics in SPTH should be on an individual basis, guided by clinical and laboratory findings.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Office-Based Laryngeal Assessment among Adult Smokers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bukhari Manal Ahmed , Alenezi Abdulhamid Qaed A. , Abohelaibah Faisal Hazaa , Alfawaz Faisal Salahaddin , Alkhamis Riam Saleh , Ashour Hadeel Abdullah M.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Voice change or dysphonia can be caused by many factors. Smoking is one significant risk factor that has been proven to impact voice quality significantly. The smoker's prevalence has increased recently in Saudi Arabia, mainly among men. In this study, we will assess the prevalence of Saudi smokers' knowledge and practice of visiting ENT clinics due to their voice change and the importance of laryngeal assessment.

Methods:

This descriptive cross-sectional study collected 448 adult smokers throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using a validated electronic questionnaire from March to September 2022. We interpret and assess the data of knowledge and demographic variables and ENT clinic visits. To determine the association between our variables, we analyzed the data using SPSS Statistics, version 25.

Results:

Most participants were between 18 and 34-year-old. The majority of the participants are males (81.5%). The vast majority have never undergone a laryngeal exam (71.4%), and 70.5% do not know about such an assessment. The knowledge questions found that most participants answered as “I do not know,” ranging from 27.7% to 71.2%. Only 123 (27.5%) participants noticed voice changes.

Conclusion:

Voice change is a common symptom frequently noticed by active smokers. It can be a warning sign of severe hidden pathology. Such a type of pathology can be spotted by simple laryngeal assessment. For early recognition of these lesions, it is crucial for smokers' to be aware of the efficacy and advantages of laryngeal assessment and its importance.
Dark Side of Social Media
Authors: Pasculli Maria Antonella
Published: December 2022

The paper focuses on the mechanisms, offences and practices connected to unchartered (underdeveloped) crimes in the information society. The virtual world represents a central part of modern (modem) life, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Omnipresent social media, media sharing platforms, chat sites, web forums, and blogs radically change the way current societies operate. These instruments attract more and more attention from public security planners. This type of research is a normative legal study. The approach used is the law approach and conceptual approach. The legal material consists of primary and secondary legal materials. Basically, the Criminal law system has to adapt to social media to emphasise the legality principle (structure of cases in point) and guarantee measures (prohibition of broadening liability) in the post-modern world. This topic shall look at the role and the problems of criminal law related to multiple profiles, analysing the criminological aspects proposed below.
Interdisciplinary Aspects of the Status of Transgender People in Society
Authors: Meteňkanyč Olexij , Batka Ľubomír
Published: December 2022

On 22 September 2022, the Comenius University Bratislava hosted an international scientific conference entitled "Interdisciplinary Aspects of the Status of Transgender People in Society" that was organised by the research team of the grant project VEGA 1/0350/21, which focuses on the ethical and legal aspects related to the informed consent of transgender minors. The project team, led by Professor Ľubomír Batka, is based at the Faculty of Law of the Comenius University Bratislava. The conference itself was held in the renovated premises of the Infocentre of Comenius University on Štúrova Street in Bratislava, which provided the organisers, participants and members of the public with a pleasant and comfortable venue for this scientific event. The primary aim of the conference was to organise a substantial discussion on the status of transgender people in society with the potential to identify shortcomings in the current legislation (not only) of the Slovak Republic. For this purpose, a number of experts dealing with the issue from diverse scientific fields (not only law, but also psychiatry, psychology, sociology, philosophy or theology) were invited in order to truly present the complex and interdisciplinary position of transgender people in our society.
What is Called Cheating? Heidegger, Commercial Surveillance, and Schooling
Authors: Driggers Kenneth , Deron Boyles
Published: December 2022

The authors examine the functions of online proctoring services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cheating itself is then examined using a four-part question from Martin Heidegger’s lecture What is Called Thinking? Aspects of this analysis include the historical conceptions of cheating and the environmental factors that lead to cheating. The authors determine that cheating is a response to the inauthenticity of schooling, as well as to the anxiety that accompanies modern conceptions of time. They conclude that learning is the existential call of responsibility for one’s being, and that a re-conception of education based on Heidegger’s conception of being and time would negate the incentives to cheat.
Exploring Head Teacher Leadership as Instructional Resource for Staff: Stories from a School of South Asia
Authors: Poudel Ranisha , Subedi Ramila
Published: December 2022

At present, head teachers’ role as an instructional resource for the staff has been given a great emphasis to be carried out worldwide. However, a number of false practices of head teachers are often narrated by the school staffs which have hindered the creation of a motivating working environment. Hence, this paper aims at exploring what experiences the head teacher and teacher have assembled in the course of head teacher leadership practices as an instructional resource for the staff. The paper is based on narrative inquiry where a head teacher and the teacher from the same school were selected purposively as research participants for in-depth interview. From prolonged engagement with the participants, this study explored that head teacher leadership practice which was expected to act as an instructional resource for the staff was found counter-practiced though they narrated their awareness about the discourse. These pitfalls were narrated so considering the head teacher leadership’s major engagement in administrative tasks rather than in instruction pedagogy, instruction practice and CAS evaluation and implementation as inculcated by the three indicators of Step II of Effective Instructional Leadership. Moreover, failure of the head teacher to monitor and supervise the team’s performance was also recounted. Hence, the study implies the practices of head teacher leadership as an instructional resource for the staff as inevitable to help school prosper and strive towards excellence in teaching and learning setting.
Population variability of vegetative organs of Dahurian larch in Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Makarov Vladimir , Malykh Olga , Gorbunov Ivan
Published: December 2022

The available information on the morphological diversity and localization of the morphological forms of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii) in Siberia is currently insufficient. This research seeks to fill the knowledge gaps to some extent. The paper describes the population variability of vegetative organs of Larix gmelinii growing in Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia. The problem is approached by studying a complex of morphological characters of natural Larix gmelinii populations along the Transbaikalian rivers. Also, the habitat conditions of Dahurian larch coenopopulations were recorded for further analysis of the connection between the morphological characters and the habitat parameters. The study established the values of morphological characters and their variability limits and traced the localization patterns of the morphological forms of Dahurian larch in the river basins. Moreover, the morphological characters of larch vegetative organs were found to relate to the location and the habitat conditions of the coenopopulations. The research materials can be useful for correcting the larch seeding zones in Transbaikalia, establishing larch genetic reserves, and introducing new morphological forms into the selection for urban beautification and protective plantations. The study provides additional information on the morphological variability patterns of Larix gmelinii for the area of species in general.
Keywords: Eastern Transbaikalia, Larix gmelinii, vegetative organs, population variability
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN THE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES
Authors: YILDIZ Edip , ÖZDEMİR Ersin
Published: December 2022

Today, control systems have become an important branch of science in parallel with the increase of production and quality needs. There are purpose-specific automatic control systems and algorithms controlling them for production in industrial facilities. In this study, modeling electric arc furnace scrap melting plant, which has an essential place in the iron-steel industry has been made using artificial neural networks. The facility where the study is carried out is in active production and controlled by classical algorithms. Artificial neural networks were trained using the data taken over the current control system and pressure sensors attached to the electrodes and the modeling and control of the arc furnace with the trained network was carried out. The software developed with an artificial neural network to control the electrodes used in electric arc furnaces provided 98% success in monitoring the system including the operator’s intervention out of the algorithm. All input and output data of an active production facility were copied to the network with the developed software. Since this software does not require various calculations, calibrations and parameter changes, it responds faster than the classical control algorithm used in the factory.
NÁVRHY ŘEŠENÍ ORGANIZACE TURISTICKÉ DOPRAVY VE VYBRANÉ OBLASTI
Authors: Heřmánková Andrea
Published: December 2022

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou turistické dopravy. Konkrétně je zaměřen na organizaci turistické dopravy na území Národního parku a Chráněné krajinné oblasti Šumava. Zde je velkým problémem nárůst poptávky po dopravě zejména v tzv. letní turistické sezóně od poloviny června do poloviny září.  Příspěvek předkládá konkrétní technologický postup řešení a návrhy na zmírnění negativních dopadů turistické dopravy na vybraném území Šumavy.
KOMPARACE VÝVOJE CEN KOMODIT PO CENOVÉM ŠOKU
Authors: Nožička Jiří
Published: December 2022

V práci je provedena analýza vývoje cen vybraných komodit za poslední 4 roky. Jedná se o analýzu, která byla vytvořena k posouzení chování cen na neočekávaný cenový šok. Komoditní trhy jsou jedním z klíčových trhů, protože se na nich prodávají hlavní suroviny pro naprostou většinu odvětví průmyslu. Cenové šoky, které zasáhnou tyto trhy tak mají rozsáhlé a dlouhodobé dopady na globální ekonomiku. Z tohoto důvodu je velmi důležité všechny cenové šoky sledovat a analyzovat a z výsledků analýz se následně poučit. Jedním z největších cenových šoků v tomto století byl vojenský konflikt, kdy vojska Ruské federace vstoupila na Ukrajinu. Ruská federace i Ukrajina jsou ekonomiky, které produkují velké množství surovin a polotovarů pro evropský, ale i pro mimoevropský průmysl. Tento konflikt vyvolal otřes na komoditních trzích, a to nejen u komodit, které jsou produkovány na území dotčených států. Celý konflikt změnil světový logistický systém. Analýzou byly identifikovány komodity, jejichž cen se konflikt dotknul a komodity, jejichž ceny nebyly konfliktem výrazně ovlivněny.
РАЗВОЈ СОЦИЈАЛНЕ ПЕДАГОГИЈЕ КАО ПЕДАГОШКОГ ПРАВЦА И ЊЕН УТИЦАJ НА ДАЉИ ТОК РАЗВОЈА ПЕДАГОШКЕ НАУКЕ
Authors: Сретић Сања , Петровић Јелена
Published: December 2022

Social pedagogy as a pedagogical direction appeared at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century as a tool of the social system of that time for solving social problems through upbringing and education. The aim of this work is to study the historical development of social pedagogy as a pedagogical direction and its influence on the subsequent development of social pedagogy as an independent scientific discipline and on the development of pedagogical science as a whole. In order to respond to the set goal, the following phenomena and processes were analyzed in the paper: socio-historical conditions in which social pedagogy as a pedagogical direction appears; theoretical foundations of this pedagogical direction; the course of its development; the influence of social pedagogy on the further development of pedagogical science. The paper used the historical method and technique of content analysis of available historical and pedagogical scientific sources. Paul Natorp’s social pedagogy represents the integration of three areas of human activity: personal development through education, social work and community development. Paul Bergman subordinates the process of upbringing and education to the social community and its well-being. Herman Knoll strives to develop social competence and socially responsible behavior of children and young people through the process of upbringing and education. Finally, we witness the influence of social pedagogy on contemporary pedagogy in two ways. One is reflected through the development of social pedagogy as a special discipline with a clearly separated field of action within pedagogical science, and the other through the acceptance of certain postulates in modern pedagogy in terms of understanding the goals of education and school and the role of society in education. Keywords: social pedagogy, Paul Natorp, Herman Knoll, goal of education, school, social community