bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bespoke STOMP training for learning disability teams—Does it work?
Authors: Nancarrow Thomas , Rencher Joshua , Wilcock Mike , Bonell Simon , Wolke Tony , Shankar Rohit
Published: May 2019

Accessible summary

There is significant concern about medication being given to people with intellectual disability (ID) inappropriately particularly to manage their behaviours which needs to stop.

This needs people who work and support people with ID with their distress to be aware of the national concerns and guidance.

We checked whether NHS staff who work with people with ID , that is the ID service, are aware of the latest guidance and whether training them will help improve their knowledge.

We found that there were differences in knowledge in some groups such as nurses and psychologists compared to others and training can make a positive change. This is important as training can possibly deliver better care to people with ID .

Background

Intellectual disability (ID) is associated with polypharmacy particularly off‐label psychotropics for “challenging behaviour.” NHS England introduced the “stopping over medication of people with a learning disability (LD), autism or both” (STOMP) initiative. As ID services are a professionally diverse group, it is important to know whether teams have suitable knowledge to deliver STOMP. The impact of delivering bespoke STOMP training was evaluated.

Methods

A 21‐item multiple‐choice questionnaire was distributed to three specialist ID teams in the south‐west of England. Current best practice and national guidance knowledge on psychotropic medication use in ID were assessed. One team received bespoke training covering the content of the questionnaire prior to completion.

Results

Survey participation was 44% (21/48) by the trained team, 34% (15/44) and 70% (7/10) in the untrained teams. The trained team participants scored over 80% on 19/21 questions compared to 15/21 and 16/21 in the untrained teams. Subspeciality analysis of pooled data (n = 43) showed nursing scored more than 80% on 16/21 questions, psychology 15/21 and allied health professionals (AHPs) 19/21. Nursing and psychology both reported STOMP to be a priority. Majority responded “yes” to potentially being involved in STOMP.

Conclusions

Better STOMP knowledge and understanding of best practice and guidelines are associated with training. Nursing and psychology are essential to STOMP delivery but scored lower than AHPs. We recommend semi‐structured STOMP training developed locally with national underpinnings for all specialist ID teams, particularly focussed on front‐line staff directly involved in the management of challenging behaviour.
Synthesis and anti‐inflammatory activity of diversified heterocyclic systems
Authors: Bari Ahmed , Grenier Daniel , Azelmat Jabrane , Syed Saeed Ali , Al‐Obaid Abdulrahman M. , Hosten Eric C.
Published: May 2019

In continuation with our research program on the development of novel bioactive molecules, we report herein the design and synthesis of a series of diversified heterocycles (4–22). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed by NMR, FTIR, and microanalysis.
Taming Foreign Exchange Derivatives Markets? Speculative Finance and Class Relations in Brazil
Authors: Alami Ilias
Published: May 2019

This article provides a critical interrogation of the Brazilian tax on foreign exchange derivatives deployed between 2011 and 2013. It analyses the drivers of the policy‐making process that led to implementation of the measure, locates it within the broader policy response regarding the management of cross‐border capital flows and speculative finance, and assesses its political economy significance in light of class dynamics. The author makes three arguments. First, this innovative policy tool must be interpreted in terms of the emergence of a specific form of state power allowing for the continuation of finance‐led strategies of accumulation, while mitigating some of their worst consequences. Second, this form of state power internalizes the subordinate positionality of Brazil in the global financial and monetary system. Third, while financialization processes have eroded the efficiency of a number of policy tools, this policy experiment demonstrates the possibility of regulating complex financial markets, provided that appropriate resources are dedicated to the task, and that there is the political will to do so. The article concludes by discussing theoretical implications, for how to theorize state and financialization, as well as political implications.
Preliminary study of sintering zero‐rupture Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuel
Authors: Ang Caen , Singh Gyanender , Snead Lance , Katoh Yutai
Published: May 2019

The demonstration of industrially feasible zero‐rupture Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuels has been achieved via layers of fuel particles vertically stacked and consolidated by Pulsed Electric Current Sintering. Uniaxial shrinkage, a key component of fuel arrangement, was analyzed via SEM, XRD and computational analyses, using cylindrical geometries from 0.25 to 1.5 “height‐to‐diameter” (h/d) aspect ratio. Bulk densities of ~3.1 g/cc were achieved on pellets at h/d ~0.25, using a ramp rate of 100°C per min to 1825°C and holding for 10 minutes with 10 MPa applied pressure. Using the same parameters, this value reduced to ~2.8 g/cc at h/d ~1.5. More extensive percolation of oxide sintering additives and earlier closure of interconnected pores in extreme ends of the pellet was attributed to higher temperatures in those regions. The top and bottom of the pellet densify before the center, also resulting reduced displacement between the fuel layers in these regions. Parametric studies of sintering with different temperature and time, with support of computational analyses, was used to map expected temperature distribution and sintering behavior. These tools will be used for further optimization of FCM fuel fabrication.
Effect of Pr on the electrical and chemical properties of cerium oxide prepared by combustion method
Authors: Cruz‐Pacheco Andrés F. , Gómez Cuaspud Jairo A. , Parra Vargas Carlos A. , Carda Castello Juan B.
Published: May 2019

Nanoparticles of Ce1−xPrxO2 (X: 0.6 and 0.8), were synthesized by the combustion method using citric acid as chelating and fuel agent. The X‐ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinements confirm that samples shown as a single phase in a cubic fluorite structure, with an increase in the lattice parameter as a function of Pr concentration. The crystallite size domains obtained by the Scherrer formula, confirm values around 10 and 37 nm. The scanning electron microscopy images, show that the solids are composed of dense heterogeneous aggregates. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reveals that oxides are composed of cerium and praseodymium cations in oxidation states 4+ and 3+ respectively. The TPR‐H2 profiles indicate that cerium and praseodymium cations present in the obtained systems are completely reduced to Ce3+ and Pr3+ at temperatures above 790°C. The impedance spectroscopy data at room temperature showed that the conduction processes for the two systems take place at the grain boundaries. The Ce0.2Pr0.8O2 system offer lower resistance, due to the high amount of Pr3+ ions inserted in the structure and the high amount of oxygen vacancies formed in the synthesis process.
Weight‐based teasing is associated with gain in BMI and fat mass among children and adolescents at‐risk for obesity: A longitudinal study
Authors: Schvey Natasha A. , Marwitz Shannon E. , Mi Sarah J. , Galescu Ovidiu A. , Broadney Miranda M. , Young‐Hyman Deborah , Brady Sheila M. , Reynolds James C. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A.
Published: May 2019

Background

Youths with overweight and obesity report frequent instances of weight‐based teasing. However, little is known about the prospective associations between weight‐based teasing and changes in body composition among youth.

Objective

To assess associations between weight‐based teasing and changes in body mass index (BMI) and fat mass in a longitudinal study of youths with, or at‐risk for, overweight and obesity.

Methods

One hundred ten youths with, or at‐risk for, overweight participated in a longitudinal observational study. The Perception of Teasing Scale was administered at baseline. Height, weight, and body composition were obtained at baseline and at follow‐ups (range: 1‐15 years).

Results

Mean age at baseline was 11.8 years; 53% had overweight/obesity; 36% were non‐Hispanic Black; 55% were female; mean follow‐up from baseline: 8.5 years. Adjusting for covariates and repeated measures of BMI or fat mass, linear mixed models revealed that weight‐based teasing was associated with greater gain of BMI and fat mass across the follow‐up period (ps ≤ .007). Adjusting for covariates, youths reporting high weight‐based teasing (two standard deviations above the mean) experienced a 33% greater gain in BMI (an additional 0.20 kg/m2) and a 91% greater gain in fat mass (an additional 0.65 kg) per year compared with peers who reported no weight‐based teasing.

Conclusions

Among youths with, and at‐risk for, overweight and obesity, weight‐based teasing was associated with greater weight and fat gain.
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome/hypersensitive bladder: Worldwide confusion! What has gone wrong and how can we put it right for the sake of the patients?
Authors: Meijlink Jane
Published: May 2019

The international interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome and hypersensitive bladder world is facing major problems. While healthcare is ultimately about making sick people feel better, this is still not happening for our patients who are not receiving the individually tailored treatment that they need. So, what has gone wrong, and why is there so much confusion everywhere? Since the first NIDDK research criteria were published over 30 years ago, there has been no major breakthrough either in treating the patients or even in truly understanding what bladder condition(s) we are dealing with. For the sake of the patients, it is imperative to take action now and make a fresh, determined start with meaningful, international, multi‐stakeholder collaboration to determine how to proceed further to take the necessary decisions, solve the problems and achieve real global consensus and real progress to help the real patients with their real symptoms.
Low bladder capacity is an important predictor for comorbidity of interstitial cystitis with Hunner's lesion in patients with refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Ueda Masakatsu , Sengiku Atsushi , Kono Jin , Negoro Hiromitsu , Saito Ryoichi , Yoshimura Naoki , Ogawa Osamu , Ueda Tomohiro
Published: May 2019

Objective

To evaluate the predictive factors for comorbidity of Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome using urethrocystoscopy.

Methods

Thirty‐two male patients were included in this study. Between April 2012 and April 2016; they were diagnosed with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome according to the National Institutes of Health classification. Their symptoms were not improved by 3 months of behavioral and pharmacological therapies. They all underwent narrow band imaging‐assisted urethrocystoscopy to assess whether the presence of Hunner's lesions correlated with other variables.

Results

Thirteen out of 32 patients (41%) had Hunner's lesions. Of the variables, maximal voided volume per micturition (106 ± 29 mL vs 171 ± 61 mL) and bladder capacity (267 ± 121 mL vs 407 ± 137 mL) were significantly smaller in patients with Hunner's lesions compared to those without. Other variables, apart from age, were not significantly different. Furthermore, patients with voided volume less than 150 mL were more likely to have Hunner's lesions than those with voided volume exceeding 150 mL.

Conclusions

Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis is a common comorbidity among patients with refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In cases where voided volume is small, performing narrow band imaging‐assisted urethrocystoscopy would be very helpful for detecting bladder mucosal changes such as Hunner's lesions.
Pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis
Authors: Birder Lori A
Published: May 2019

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome whose causes remains elusive with no generally accepted treatment. A hallmark of functional pain syndromes such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is pain in the absence of demonstrable pathology of the viscera or associated nerves. Patients with chronic pain experience a greater impairment in quality of life than healthy controls. In addition, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms can frequently overlap with other conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, anxiety disorders, and a number of other syndromes not directly related to the urinary bladder. Because of the complex pathophysiology, a number of animal models have been studied over the years to better understand mechanisms underlying patient symptoms. These models can include: bladder centric, complex mechanisms and psychological and physical stress models. Such animal models can aid in the investigation of aspects of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome that cannot be pursued in humans as well as to develop and test potential therapies. In addition, the search for urinary factors that may be a cause of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome has resulted in the discovery of a number of potential targets that could serve as predictive biomarkers which can aid in early diagnosis and treatment of this chronic disorder.
Evaluating people's ability to assess treatment claims: Validating a test in Mandarin from Claim Evaluation Tools database
Authors: Wang Qi , Austvoll‐Dahlgren Astrid , Zhang Jingyi , Yu Yang , Zhou Qi , Yang Nan , Liu Lian , Chen Yaolong
Published: May 2019

Objective

To describe the psychometric testing using Rasch analysis of a test in Mandarin developed from the Claim Evaluation Tools database.

Methods

We translated selected MCQs from the IHC Claim Evaluation Tools database to Mandarin and created a test including 24 MCQs covering 11 key concepts. We used purposeful sampling and surveyed children and adults in the Lanzhou area. In total 389 responses were entered into the analysis. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the test using Rasch analysis and the RUMM2030 software, testing for internal construct validity (multidimensionality), invariance of the items (item‐person interaction), and item bias (differential item functioning).

Results

Overall, the psychometric properties of the test were found to be satisfactory. Based on findings from the Rasch analysis, we deleted three MCQs with suboptimal fit.

Conclusions

The resulting test includes 21 MCQs and can be used in school and other teaching settings, in randomized trials evaluating outcomes of educational interventions, or in cross‐sectional studies in Mandarin‐speaking populations in China.
Capacity building for knowledge translation: A survey about the characteristics and motivation of volunteer translators of Cochrane plain language summaries
Authors: Behmen Dalibora , Marušić Ana , Puljak Livia
Published: May 2019

Background

Cochrane systematic reviews have plain language summaries (PLSs) that are translated into multiple languages, mostly by volunteers. We aimed to survey volunteer translators to find out their characteristics, motivation, and suggestions to further improve this translation project.

Methods

We surveyed 176 registered volunteer translators from the Cochrane Croatia PLS translation project. A 28‐item survey, created for the purpose of this study, was administered via SurveyMonkey in November‐December 2017. Translators received an invitation to the survey and two follow‐up reminders via e‐mail. Primary and secondary outcomes were the characteristics and motivation of volunteers.

Results

We received 106 responses (60% response rate) to the survey. The translators were on average (standard deviation) 32 ± 10 years old, they were mostly women (74%), and most of them were medical doctors (29%) or pharmacists (13%). The majority found out about the translation project from acquaintances and colleagues. Most of them indicated that they have still had high motivation for the project, but for the majority, the number of translations decreased over time. When asked what could motivate them to translate more Cochrane PLSs, or to start translating if they did not translate anything yet, the most common answers were: feedback about translation quality, reminders, a workshop for translators and Facebook group for translators.

Conclusion

Cochrane volunteer PLS translators are a motivated and highly educated group, but their translation output is decreasing with time. Reminders, feedback and education are interventions that should be tested to increase volunteer engagement in such initiatives.
Night‐time eating and body weight status among US adults, 2007–2016
Authors: An R. , Shi Y. , Clarke C. , Zhang S.
Published: May 2019

Background

The present study assessed the relationship between night‐time eating and body weight status among US adults, using in‐person 24‐h dietary recall data from a nationally representative survey.

Methods

Individual‐level data (n = 23 003) came from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (five waves). Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to estimate the effect of energy, sugar, fat and saturated fat intake during night‐time on body mass index (BMI), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg m–2), waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥88 cm in women; WC ≥102 cm in men), adjusting for daily total energy intake, physical activity, sleeping and other individual characteristics.

Results

Approximately 36.5% and 56.7% of the NHANES adult participants had obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively. The proportion of energy, total fat, saturated fat and total sugar intake within the time window of 00.00 h to 05.59 h and 22.00 h to 23.59 h averaged 5.7%, 5.3%, 5.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Energy intake within the time window was not found to be associated with BMI, WC, obesity or abdominal obesity in the regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses applying alternative time windows to capture night‐time eating found night‐time intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat and total sugar not to be associated BMI, WC, obesity or abdominal obesity.

Conclusions

Night‐time eating was not found to be associated with body weight status in a US nationally representative adult sample. Restricting night‐time food consumption alone without an overall reduction in daily caloric intake may not prevent obesity. The findings of the present study warrant replication in a future experimental study with habitual dietary behaviour measures.
Three‐Year Outcomes of a School‐Hospital Partnership Providing Multitiered Mental Health Services in Urban Schools
Authors: Walter Heather J. , Kaye Amy J. , Dennery Kristine M. , DeMaso David R.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

From the perspective of schools, children's mental health is essential to academic success. Multitiered systems of support (MTSS) that provide prevention/promotion, early identification/intervention, and clinical treatment services have been embraced as a promising means to deliver mental health services in the school setting.

METHODS

A school‐hospital partnership tested the implementation over 3 consecutive academic years of an MTSS model for elementary through high‐school students enrolled in 6 urban public schools. The model was designed to embed whole‐school and classroom‐level prevention/promotion programs alongside small group and individual services for selected youth. Utilization, satisfaction, and student‐ and school‐level outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS

Students participating in early intervention had significantly improved social‐emotional competencies and coping skills (particularly those students at highest risk), and students with mental health disorders who participated in clinical treatment had significantly improved symptoms and functioning. Schools significantly enhanced their capacity to provide mental health services across prevention/promotion, early identification/intervention, and crisis management domains. These findings were replicated across 3 consecutive years of program implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

A school‐hospital partnership using an MTSS model was found to be feasible, valued, and effective in improving students' mental health status and schools' capacities to provide mental health services.
Development and validation of a color evaluation process for sweet potato preference characterization
Authors: Bowen Amy J. , Blake Amy , Tureček Jessica
Published: May 2019

This study reports on the development of a process to objectively evaluate color using descriptive analysis. Panelists established a color lexicon (hue, lightness, evenness) and a two‐dimensional reference tool. The lexicon was applied to 23 baked sweet potato cultivars, along with a flavor lexicon. Color attributes all differentiated the products; most of the variation was due to color evenness. A consumer acceptance test (n = 204) was conducted on a subset of the products and showed a strong bias for specific color attributes. Consumers liked even, light‐orange hue; however, small changes in color dimensions impacted visual appeal. Overall characterization of products is described by a three‐factor principal component analysis solution. F1 (44% variance) correlated to moist texture and a redder‐orange hue and inversely correlated to stickiness. F2 (30% variance) correlated with high evenness and inverse correlation with acidic, bitter taste, and earthy aroma. F3 (15% variance) correlated to high sweet taste and caramel aroma.

Practical applications

For consumers, food color is an indicator of key aspects of quality such as freshness, nutritional value, and sensory properties, and thus it is critically important for consumer liking. After creation and validation of a process for the evaluation of perceived color using a trained descriptive panel, an external preference map, which included the aspects of color, was able to identify three consumer segments with a complex preference pattern. This approach could be applied to more fully characterize other horticultural or food products where color is critical to the consumer sensory experience.
Desferrioxamine and dextromethorphan combination exhibited synergistic effect and reversed the catalepsy behaviour in 6-hydroxydopamine hydroydopamine administered rats through regulating brain glutamate levels
Authors: Mannan Thodukayil Navaf , Antony Justin , Thomas Peet , Jeyarani Victoria , Choephel Tenzin , Manisha Chennu , Jose Asha , Karolina Sahadevan Santilna , Kannan Elango
Published: May 2019

Objective

To investigate the effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) and dextromethorphan (DXM) combination in animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

The PD was induced in rats through intracerebroventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) using stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were subjected to behavioural assessments and neurobiochemicals estimation followed by immunohistochemistry staining of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in striatum.

Key findings

Desferrioxamine and DXM combination has significantly reversed the catalepsy behaviour and elevated the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) and dopamine levels. Interestingly, the level of glutamate, nitric oxide, cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and NSE expressions were found to be decreased in striatum region of 6-OHDA-administered rats. The combination of DFO and DXM has shown synergism in most of the parameters studied, when compared to per se treatment.

Conclusions

The reversal of catalepsy behaviour represents the protective effect of above combination on dopamine neurons in striatum from 6-OHDA toxicity. The mechanism of DFO and DXM combination might be attributed through attenuation of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neurons through ameliorating the reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Treatment with DFO and DXM combination could control the multiple events in the pathogenesis of PD.
Evaluation of serum thymidine kinase 1 activity as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness and prediction of relapse in dogs with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Boyé Pierre , Floch Franck , Serres François , Geeraert Kévyn , Clerson Pierre , Siomboing Xavier , Bergqvist Mattias , Sack Gabriel , Tierny Dominique
Published: May 2019

Background

Serum thymidine kinase 1 (sTK1) activity is closely correlated with DNA synthesis.

Objectives

Evaluate sTK1 activity as a biomarker for treatment response and early detection of relapse in dogs with lymphoma.

Animals

Ninety‐seven client‐owned dogs with naive or relapsed lymphoma and 23 healthy dogs.

Methods

Prospective study. Serum TK1 activity measured by refined ELISA‐based method (DiviTum assay, Biovica International) before treatment, at clinical response, and every 4 weeks until relapse or last follow‐up.

Results

Serum TK1 activity was ≤20 Du/L in 96% (22/23) of healthy dogs. Pretreatment sTK1 activity was >20 Du/L in 88% (85/97) dogs with lymphoma. At clinical response, sTK1 activity was significantly lower in dogs with complete (CR, n = 36) versus partial (PR, n = 29) response (P< .0001). Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of sTK1 activity for detecting nonfully responders were 76% and 100%, respectively, with cutoff of 119.5 Du/L (AUC, 0.90; 95%‐CI, 0.81‐0.98;P< .0001). In dogs with CR, a 5‐fold increase in sTK1 activity at a 4‐week interval predicted relapse at the subsequent 4‐week assessment with a Se 50% and Sp 94% (AUC, 0.72; 95%‐CI, 0.55‐0.90;P= .02). An increase of sTK1 activity (>2.7‐fold value measured at clinical response) predicted relapse at subsequent 4‐week assessment with a Se 61% and Sp 88% (AUC, 0.79; 95%‐CI, 0.64‐0.95;P= .004).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Monitoring sTK1 activity could help to detect complete responders and early disease progression in dogs with lymphoma.
Testing the genetic relationship between fluid alteration and brecciation in CM chondrites
Authors: Verdier‐Paoletti Maximilien J. , Marrocchi Yves , Vacher Lionel G. , Gattacceca Jérôme , Gurenko Andrey , Sonzogni Corinne , Gounelle Matthieu
Published: May 2019

Boriskino is a poorly studied CM chondrite with numerous millimeter‐ to centimeter‐scale clasts exhibiting sharp boundaries. Clast textures and mineralogies attest to diverse geological histories with various degrees of aqueous alteration. We conducted a petrographic, chemical, and isotopic study on each clast type of the breccia to investigate if there exists a genetic link between brecciation and aqueous alteration, and to determine the controlling parameter of the extent of alteration. Boriskino is dominated by CM2 clasts for which no specific petrographic type could be assigned based on the chemical compositions and modal abundances of constituents. One clast stands out and is identified as a CM1 lithology, owing to its lack of anhydrous silicates and its overall abundance of dolomite‐like carbonates and acicular iron sulfides. We observe that alteration phases near clast boundaries exhibit foliation features, suggesting that brecciation postdated aqueous alteration. We measured the O‐isotopic composition of Ca‐carbonates and dolomite‐like carbonates to determine their precipitation temperatures following the methodology of Verdier‐Paoletti et al. (2017). Both types of carbonates yield similar ranges of precipitation temperatures independent of clast lithology, ranging from −13.9 ± 22.4 (2σ) to 166.5 ± 47.3 °C, precluding that temperature alone accounts for the differences between the CM1 and CM2 lithologies. Instead, we suggest that initial water/rock ratios of 0.75 and 0.61 for the CM1 and CM2 clasts, respectively, might control the extent of aqueous alteration. Based on these estimates, we suggest that Boriskino clasts originated from a single parent body with heterogeneous distribution of water either due to local differences in the material permeability or in the initial content of ice available. These conditions would have produced microenvironments with differing geochemical conditions thus leading to a range of degrees of aqueous alteration.
Kierkegaard and Gift: The Problem with ‘Kenotic Love’ in Light of Kierkegaard's ‘Gift Theory’
Authors: Lahaie Myka S. H.
Published: May 2019

In recent theology, kenosis has become a popular focal point around which to organize a concept of love. I locate one reason for such popularity in a response to the problematizing of love within postmodern theory. I then explore how Kierkegaard anticipates postmodern debates surrounding love and gift‐theory while addressing significant questions differently, and within the context of a theology of creation. I argue that when his ‘gift theory’ and account of love are read in connection, far from defining love with a singular emphasis on kenotic ‘self‐gift,’ Kierkegaard is seen to delineate a much broader vision of love which might inform our current context.
Gut epithelial and vascular barrier abnormalities in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Boschetti Elisa , Accarino Anna , Malagelada Carolina , Malagelada Juan R. , Cogliandro Rosanna F. , Gori Alessandra , Tugnoli Vitaliano , Giancola Fiorella , Bianco Francesca , Bonora Elena , Clavenzani Paolo , Volta Umberto , Caio Giacomo , Sternini Catia , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Azpiroz Fernando , De Giorgio Roberto
Published: May 2019

Background

Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) is a rare condition due to severe impairment of gut motility responsible for recurrent subocclusive episodes. Although neuromuscular‐glial‐ICC abnormalities represent the main pathogenetic mechanism, the pathophysiology of CIPO remains poorly understood. Intestinal epithelial and vascular endothelial barrier (IEVB) abnormalities can contribute to neuroepithelial changes by allowing passage of harmful substances.

Methods

To test retrospectively whether IEVB defects occur in patients with CIPO, we measured the jejunal protein expression of the major tight junction (TJ) components. CIPO patients were subdivided according to gut neuromuscular histopathology: apparently normal (AN); with inflammation (INF); or with degenerative alterations (DEG). The presence of occludin/claudin oligomers (index of TJ assembly), the amount of occludin, claudin‐4, and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), and the expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivities were evaluated on jejunal full‐thickness biopsies using Western blot.

Key Results

Oligomers were absent in the 73% of CIPO. Total occludin decreased in CIPO with AN and INF changes. Claudin‐4 was upregulated in CIPO with INF and DEG features. ZO‐1 and VIP expression decreased selectively in DEG group. GFAP increased in CIPO regardless the histopathological phenotype.

Conclusions & Inferences

The absence of oligomers demonstrated in our study suggests that IEBV is altered in CIPO. The mechanism leading to oligomerization is occludin‐dependent in AN and INF, whereas is ZO‐1‐dependent in DEG. Our study provides support to IEVB abnormalities contributing to CIPO clinical and histopathological features.
AtCAF‐1 mutants show different DNA damage responses after ultraviolet‐B than those activated by other genotoxic agents in leaves
Authors: Maulión Evangelina , Gomez María Sol , Bustamante Claudia Anabel , Casati Paula
Published: May 2019

Chromatin assembly factor‐1 (CAF‐1) is a histone H3/H4 chaperone that participates in DNA and chromatin interaction processes. In this manuscript, we show that organs from CAF‐1 deficient plants respond differently to ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation than to other genotoxic stresses. For example, CAF‐1 deficient leaves tolerate better UV‐B radiation, showing lower cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) accumulation, lower inhibition of cell proliferation, increased cell wall thickness, UV‐B absorbing compounds, and ploidy levels, whereas previous data from different groups have shown that CAF‐1 mutants show shortening of telomeres, loss of 45S rDNA, and increased homologous recombination, phenotypes associated to DNA breaks. Interestingly, CAF‐1 deficient roots show increased inhibition of primary root elongation, with decreased meristem size due to a higher inhibition of cell proliferation after UV‐B exposure. The decrease in root meristem size in CAF‐1 mutants is a consequence of defects in programmed cell death after UV‐B exposure. Together, we provide evidence demonstrating that root and shoot meristematic cells may have distinct protection mechanisms against CPD accumulation by UV‐B, which may be linked with different functions of the CAF‐1 complex in these different organs.
Umbilical catheterization training: Tissue hybrid versus synthetic trainer
Authors: Takahashi Shigehiro , Ozawa Yuri , Nagasawa Junko , Ito Yushi , Ouchi Gen , Kabbur Prakash , Moritoki Yuki , Berg Benjamin W
Published: May 2019

Background

This study of umbilical catheterization deliberate practice training compared skill and knowledge outcomes of umbilical catheterization using a tissue‐hybrid simulator (REAL) versus a synthetic simulated umbilical cord task trainer (ART).

Methods

This was a prospective randomized control study. Pediatric residents were randomized to REAL or ART umbilical catheterization deliberate practice training. Pre–post‐training changes in skill performance and knowledge scores for REAL and ART groups were compared. Fidelity of REAL and ART were compared by neonatologists.

Results

Twenty‐seven pediatric residents completed training. Post‐training mean skill scores were improved compared to pre‐test scores (REAL, P < 0.001; ART, P < 0.0001). Post‐training skill, knowledge, and self‐efficacy scores were not different between the REAL and ART groups. Fidelity of REAL was higher than ART for neonatologists (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The face validity of REAL was superior to ART, but resident umbilical cord deliberate practice training demonstrated no difference in skill, knowledge, and self‐efficacy improvements between REAL and ART. Further studies on real patients are needed to evaluate the impact of using real or simulated umbilical cords for umbilical venous catheter/umbilical arterial catheter training.
The moderating effect of differentiation: Education and health in married couples
Authors: Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Ferriby Megan , Bean Roy
Published: May 2019

This study had four hypotheses based on Bowen Family Systems Theory. First, to determine the similarity in couple members' levels of differentiation, a latent profile analysis was performed. About 67% of couples reported less than a point difference on average between their scores on the differentiation subscales used. Second, whether differentiation was associated with physical health was determined by comparing the means of health indicators for couple members across the latent profile classes, and it was found that health and differentiation were related as expected. Finally, to determine whether differentiation moderated the associations between education, stress, and health, a group comparison procedure was performed for an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Evidence suggested that differentiation moderated some of these associations.
Early ovine preantral follicles have a potential to grow until antral stage in two‐step culture system in the presence of aqueous extract of Justicia insularis
Authors: Mbemya Gildas Tetaping , de Sá Naiza Arcângela Ribeiro , Guerreiro Denise Damasceno , de Sousa Francisca Geovania Canafístula , Nguedia Sylvain Njina , Alves Benner Geraldo , Santos Francielli Weber , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia Loiola , Comizzoli Pierre , Figueiredo José Ricardo , Rodrigues Ana Paula Ribeiro
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to determine whether preantral follicles cultured in vitro for 7 days within ovine ovarian cortical strips could be isolated at the secondary follicles (SF) and grown until antral stage during an additional 6 days period of in vitro culture in the presence of aqueous extract of Justicia insularis. Fresh ovarian fragments from 16 adult sheep were fixed for histological analysis (Control 1) or in vitro cultured individually in α‐MEM+ supplemented with 0.3 mg/ml J. insularis (Step 1) for 7 days. Part of the fragments then were fixed for histological analysis (in vitro culture group). Remaining fragments were exposed stepwise to increasing trehalose concentrations before immediate isolation of SF and viability assessment (Control 2) or after 6 days of culture in α‐MEM++ supplemented with 0.3 mg/ml J. insularis (Step 2). In Step 1, percentage of follicular activation was 80%. In Step 2, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in follicular diameter and antrum formation within 6 days in vitro culture of isolated follicles was achieved. The total antioxidant capacity from both steps significantly increase (p < 0.05) from day 2 to day 6. Confocal analysis of oocytes showed 57.14% oocytes with homogeneous distribution and 42.86% with peri‐cortical distribution. In conclusion, SF can be successfully isolated from sheep ovarian cortex after 7 days of culture and are capable of surviving and forming an antral cavity if cultured in vitro for an additional 6 days in the presence of 0.3 mg/ml J. insularis.
Histocompatibility locus antigens regions contribute to the ethnicity bias of Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in higher‐incidence populations
Authors: Roy Chattopadhyay Nabanita , Chakrabarti Sudipta , Chatterjee Koustav , Deb Roy Sankar , Kumar Sahu Sushil , Reddy R. Rajendra , Das Piyanki , Bijay Kanrar Basab , Kumar Das Ashok , Tsering Sam , Puii Zoren , Zomawia Eric , Singh Y. Indibor , Suryawanshi Amol , Choudhuri Tathagata
Published: May 2019

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one the most confusing and rare malignancy in most part of the world with significantly high occurrence in some populations of Southeast Asia, North Africa and Alaska. Apart from the dietary and environmental factors, NPC is well‐associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection in these ethnic groups. However, the internal molecular mechanism(s) for such association in specific populations is not known till date. Polymorphisms in the genes of histocompatibility locus antigens (HLA) are reported in NPC, but association of any particular polymorphism with ethnicity is not established yet. Here, we report a set of HLA polymorphisms in EBV‐infected NPC samples from Northeast Indian population. These polymorphisms might play an important role for the lack of proper immune function against EBV infection and thus, eventually, for NPC generation in endemic populations like those of Northeast India.
The novel HLA‐A*01 variant, HLA‐A*01:308N, detected by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Hynne Anne S. , Hopland Bente I. , Jensen Tore , Boulland Line M. L. , Viken Marte K.
Published: May 2019

One nucleotide changes in position 740 of HLA‐A*01:01 result in a novel null‐allele, HLA‐A*01:308N.
Social media guidelines: a review for health professionals and faculty members
Authors: Hennessy Catherine M , Smith Claire F , Greener Sue , Ferns Gordon
Published: May 2019

Background

The rising societal use of social media has encouraged health professionals to use social media in their professional activities; however, this can be a daunting task, particularly for those who are uncertain about the boundaries for the professional use of social media. This article summarises the guidelines provided by medical governing bodies on social media use and provides practical advice on how social media can be used, which is transferrable across the health professions.

Methods

Nine guidance documents published by medical governing bodies in major international English‐speaking countries were reviewed and analysed to identify their key common messages.

Findings

Five key themes were identified across all of the guidance documents, as follows: maintain patient confidentiality; defamation is unacceptable; privacy cannot be guaranteed; responsibility to maintain public trust; and reasons to use social media.

Conclusions

The guidelines predominantly focus on the risks of using social media. Although this is necessary, it is likely to inhibit the exploration of the potential uses of social media in health care education and practice. All of the guidance documents from governing bodies encourage the use of social media to engage with patients and to network with colleagues; however, there is relatively little practical guidance on how to use social media as a health professional. This article offers some practical advice for faculty members who wish to run development sessions on how to use social media for professional purposes.

… there is relatively little practical guidance on how to use social media as a health professional
Ultrasound characteristics of feline urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma are similar to canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamlin Alessandra N. , Chadwick Laura E. , Fox‐Alvarez Stacey A. , Hostnik Eric T.
Published: May 2019

Feline transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a rare neoplasia of cats with an estimated prevalence of 0.18%. Cats with TCC share clinical signs with common pathologies like feline idiopathic cystitis or urinary tract infections. Nonspecific clinical signs include hematuria, pollakiuria, or stranguria. The literature lacks a feline‐specific ultrasound description of TCC. The aim of this multicenter retrospective descriptive study was to report ultrasound findings of a collection of feline TCC and then assess if feline TCC and canine TCC have similar ultrasound appearances. It was hypothesized that the ultrasound characteristics would be similar between feline and canine TCC. Ultrasound studies were assessed for tumor shape, number of isolated mural masses, location within the bladder, presence of Doppler signal, echogenicity of urine, mineralization within the mass, extension of the mass into the proximal urethra or ureters, urethral/ureteral obstruction, pyelectasia, and sublumbar lymphadenopathy. Feline studies were compared to 20 cases of confirmed canine TCC. A total of 20 cats with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of TCC were included. Feline and canine TCC had similarities when viewed using ultrasound. Statistically significant differences were identified for location of the bladder mass (cats were more likely to be mid‐body vs trigonal in dogs, P = .011) and urethral extension of the tumor was less likely in cats than dogs (P = .0436). Based on this sample of 20 cats, feline TCC was most commonly a singular, broad‐based mass within the mid‐body or apex of the urinary bladder.
The Dynamics of Communication in the Context of Relations and Events Performed on Stage
Authors: Žigo Iva Rosanda
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses communication processes in the context of performative arts and focuses on staged events as communicative events which disperse messages across different levels and in different directions in order to construct meanings in a multi-layered way, to include artistic, ideological, political and other dimensions. The core issue is the role of the director as the motivating and organizing stance of all the processes that evolve on stage. The modalities of organizing theatrical acts intertwine as the process of directing unfolds, stage after stage, and the ultimate goal to reach the audience needs to be kept in focus the entire time. It is possible to distinguish four such stages mediated specifically by directing itself. Organization of events to be set on the stage and sustained by strategies of communication starts with the abandonment of the literary template, with the articulation of the theatrical concept. The next stage is described in terms of a confrontation between the text and the performance (mise-en-scène), to be followed by the semiotic elaboration of signs which are structured and manipulated with in accordance with a specific directorial concept. Finally, the fourth stage is about creating a meta-text, and at this level, the directed communication connects with current social, political and cultural issues that provide the context to the theatrical expression. This paper provides an overview of most relevant views on this subject excerpted from the field of semiotics and from the theory of theatre communication, and it provides arguments for drawing this area of research into the broader context of the media theory, also announcing future research to pursue this direction of thought.
Tonal Fan-Noise Radiation From Aero-Engine Bypass With Serrated End Treatments
Authors: Jiang Hanbo , Huang Xun
Published: May 2019

Chevrons, which are also known as serrations, are initially developed to suppress jet noise radiating from aero-engine nozzles. The associated fluid mechanics are already well known. Compared with jet noise, turbomachinery fan noise has become relatively more important along with the ever-increasing bypass ratio. However, it is still unclear whether the trailing-edge chevrons on the bypass duct would attenuate fan noise and, if the answer is yes, what is the associated mechanism. In this work, we first use a theoretical model based on the Wiener–Hopf method to rapidly conduct parametric studies across a number of different setups. The results from such a theoretical model suggest that the chevrons are also effective in the reduction of fan noise scattering. Next, we perform high-fidelity computational fluid and acoustic simulations for a realistic aero-engine with some representative setups, and the results further confirm the effectiveness of chevrons. Both analytical and numerical results show the associated noise control mechanism, that is, chevrons would induce acoustic mode conversion (especially from low modes to high modes), which shall further result in evanescent waves in the radial direction and the final noise reduction at various radiation angles. The findings may find applications in the next-generation low-noise aero-engine design.
A Mock Gas Molecules Model for Accurately Simulating Pressure Load at Micro- and Nanoscales
Authors: Ma Yong , Wang Guorui , Chen Yuli , Liu Luqi , Zhang Zhong
Published: May 2019

At micro- and nanoscales, the gas pressure load is generally simulated by the thermal motion of gas molecules. However, the pressure load can hardly be produced or controlled accurately, because the effects of the wall thickness and the atomic weight of the gas molecules are not taken into account. In this paper, we propose a universal gas molecules model for simulating the pressure load accurately at micro- and nanoscales, named mock gas molecules model. Six scale-independent parameters are established in this model, thus the model is applicable at both micro- and nanoscales. To present the validity and accuracy of the model, the proposed model is applied into the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of graphene blister, and the simulation results agree well with experimental observations from the graphene blister test, indicating that the model can produce and control the pressure load accurately. Furthermore, the model can be easily implemented into many simulators for problems about the solid–gas interaction, especially for membrane gas systems.