bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible antiviral effect of ciprofloxacin treatment on polyomavirus BK replication and analysis of non-coding control region sequences
Authors: Umbro Ilaria , Anzivino Elena , Tinti Francesca , Zavatto Assunta , Bellizzi Anna , Rodio Donatella Maria , Mancini Carlo , Pietropaolo Valeria , Mitterhofer Anna Paola
Published: September 2013

Acute renal dysfunction (ARD) is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Multiple factors contribute to ARD development, including acute rejection and microbial infections. Many viral infections after kidney transplantation result from reactivation of “latent” viruses in the host or from the graft, such as the human Polyomavirus BK (BKV). We report the case of a 39 year-old recipient of a 2ndkidney graft who experienced BKV reactivation after a second episode of acute humoral rejection. A 10-day treatment with the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin was administered with an increase of immunosuppressive therapy despite the active BKV replication. Real Time PCR analysis performed after treatment with ciprofloxacin, unexpectedly showed clearance of BK viremia and regression of BK viruria. During the follow-up, BK viremia persisted undetectable while viruria decreased further and disappeared after 3 months.

BKV non-coding control region sequence analysis from all positive samples always showed the presence of archetypal sequences, with two single-nucleotide substitutions and one nucleotide deletion that, interestingly, were all representative of the subtype/subgroup I/b-1 we identified by the viral protein 1 sequencing analysis.

We report the potential effect of the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in the decrease of the BKV load in both blood and urine.
Proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells via PPP2R5C down-regulation
Authors: Shen Qi , Liu Sichu , Chen Yu , Yang Lijian , Chen Shaohua , Wu Xiuli , Li Bo , Lu Yuhong , Zhu Kanger , Li Yangqiu
Published: September 2013

Despite the success of imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains largely incurable, and a number of CML patients die due to Abl mutation-related drug resistance and blast crisis. The aim of this study was to evaluate proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by down-regulating PPP2R5C gene expression in the imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cell lines K562, K562R (imatinib resistant without an Abl gene mutation), 32D-Bcr-Abl WT (imatinib-sensitive murine CML cell line with a wild type Abl gene) and 32D-Bcr-Abl T315I (imatinib resistant with a T315I Abl gene mutation) and primary cells from CML patients by RNA interference. PPP2R5C siRNAs numbered 799 and 991 were obtained by chemosynthesis. Non-silencing siRNA scrambled control (SC)-treated, mock-transfected, and untreated cells were used as controls. The PPP2R5C mRNA and protein expression levels in treated CML cells were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, and in vitro cell proliferation was assayed with the cell counting kit-8 method. The morphology and percentage of apoptosis were revealed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). The results demonstrated that both siRNAs had the best silencing results after nucleofection in all four cell lines and primary cells. A reduction in PPP2R5C mRNA and protein levels was observed in the treated cells. The proliferation rate of the PPP2R5C-siRNA-treated CML cell lines was significantly decreased at 72 h, and apoptosis was significantly increased. Significantly higher proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction were found in K562R cells treated with PPP2R5C-siRNA799 than K562 cells. In conclusion, the suppression of PPP2R5C by RNA interference could inhibit proliferation and effectively induce apoptosis in CML cells that were either imatinib sensitive or resistant. Down-regulating PPP2R5C gene expression might be considered as a new therapeutic target strategy for CML, particularly for imatinib-resistant CML.
Active post-marketing surveillance of the intralesional administration of human recombinant epidermal growth factor in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Yera-Alos Isis B , Alonso-Carbonell Liuba , Valenzuela-Silva Carmen M , Tuero-Iglesias Angela D , Moreira-Martínez Martha , Marrero-Rodríguez Ivonne , López-Mola Ernesto , López-Saura Pedro A
Published: September 2013

Background

After several exploratory and confirmatory clinical trials, the intralesional administration of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (hrEGF) has been approved for the treatment of advanced diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this procedure in medical practice.

Methods

A prospective, post-marketing active pharmacosurveillance was conducted in 41 hospitals and 19 primary care polyclinics. Patients with DFU received hrEGF, 25 or 75 μg, intralesionally 3 times per week until complete granulation of the ulcer or 8 weeks maximum, adjuvant to standard wound care. Outcomes measured were complete granulation, amputations, and adverse events (AE) during treatment; complete lesion re-epithelization and relapses in follow-up (median: 1.2; maximum 4.2 years).

Results

The study included 1788 patients with 1835 DFU (81% Wagner’s grades 3 or 4; 43% ischemic) treated from May 2007 to April 2010. Complete granulation was observed in 76% of the ulcers in 5 weeks (median). Ulcer non-ischemic etiology (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.8-4.7) and age (1.02; 1.01-1.03, for each younger year) were the main variables with influence on this outcome. During treatment, 220 (12%) amputations (171 major) were required in 214 patients, mostly in ischemic or Wagner’s grade 3 to 5 ulcers. Re-epithelization was documented in 61% of the 1659 followed-up cases; 5% relapsed per year. AE (4171) were reported in 47% of the subjects. Mild or moderate local pain and burning sensation, shivering and chills, were 87% of the events. Serious events, not related to treatment, occurred in 1.7% of the patients.

Conclusions

The favorable benefit/risk balance, confirms the beneficial clinical profile of intralesional hrEGF in the treatment of DFUs.
Should sperm be cryopreserved after spinal cord injury?
Authors: Karsenty Gilles , Bernuz Benjamin , Metzler-Guillemain Catherine , Grillo Jean-Marie , Saïas-Magnan Jacqueline , Rigot Jean-Marc , Perrin Jeanne
Published: September 2013

In spinal cord injured (SCI) patients, three main factors may cause infertility: erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction and impaired semen quality. This letter aims to discuss how we can manage SCI patients’ fertility in accordance with patient-centred care. For such SCI patients aged 20 to 40, having children represents hope for the future. Furthermore, it is a way to rebuild a life after the spinal injury and must be seen as an important part of the rehabilitation program. We suggest that sperm cryopreservation may contribute to patient-centred care management of SCI patients’ fertility, although there is no scientific evidence that cryopreservation will improve fertility outcome after SCI. Indeed, sperm cryopreservation is an affordable and simple technique in specialised centres with trained staff. Here, a protocol to manage SCI patients’ fertility is discussed: we propose PVS for sperm banking to all SCI patients after the phase of spinal shock during the rehabilitation program. If live sperm are retrieved, they are frozen and stored; however, if no live sperm are retrieved, electroejaculation and/or surgical sperm extraction are proposed only for patients who desire biological fatherhood. Prospective studies on the evolution of semen parameters, ejaculatory dysfunction, post-infectious obstructions and spermatogenesis impairment in chronic SCI patients are urgently needed to provide robust data for the evidence-based management of SCI patients’ fertility. Even if use rates are expected to be low, sperm banking may be a simple and affordable preventative measure for selected male SCI patients.
Increase methylmercury accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing bacterial broad-spectrum mercury transporter MerE
Authors: Sone Yuka , Nakamura Ryosuke , Pan-Hou Hidemitsu , Sato Masa H , Itoh Tomoo , Kiyono Masako
Published: September 2013

The bacterial merE gene derived from the Tn21 mer operon encodes a broad-spectrum mercury transporter that governs the transport of methylmercury and mercuric ions across bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, and this gene is a potential molecular tool for improving the efficiency of methylmercury phytoremediation. A transgenic Arabidopsis engineered to express MerE was constructed and the impact of expression of MerE on methylmercury accumulation was evaluated. The subcellular localization of transiently expressed GFP-tagged MerE was examined in Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells. The GFP-MerE was found to localize to the plasma membrane and cytosol. The transgenic Arabidopsis expressing MerE accumulated significantly more methymercury and mercuric ions into plants than the wild-type Arabidopsis did. The transgenic plants expressing MerE was significantly more resistant to mercuric ions, but only showed more resistant to methylmercury compared with the wild type Arabidopsis. These results demonstrated that expression of the bacterial mercury transporter MerE promoted the transport and accumulation of methylmercury in transgenic Arabidopsis, which may be a useful method for improving plants to facilitate the phytoremediation of methylmercury pollution.
Gout impacts on function and health-related quality of life beyond associated risk factors and medical conditions: results from the KING observational study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR)
Authors: Scirè Carlo Alberto , Manara Maria , Cimmino Marco Amedeo , Govoni Marcello , Salaffi Fausto , Punzi Leonardo , Monti Maria Cristina , Carrara Greta , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Minisola Giovanni ,   KING Study Collaborators
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Gout is the most prevalent arthritis and significantly impacts on function and quality of life. Given that gout associates with disabling comorbid conditions, it is not clear whether such a complex of diseases accounts for the increased disability or if gout may play a role by itself. This study aims to evaluate the specific influence of gout and disease-related features on functional disability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with gout followed in rheumatology clinics.

Methods

A random sample of patients was drawn from clinical registries of 30 rheumatology clinics across Italy. Sociodemographic, general health and gout-specific variables were collected. Functional disability and HRQoL were assessed by the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) and the Physical and Mental Component Summary scores (PCS and MCS) of the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic and linear regression models were applied to investigate the specific contribution of different variables on HAQ and SF-36 scores. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Out of 446 patients with gout, 90% were males with a mean age of 63.9 years and median disease duration of 3.8 years; the majority of patients were overweight or obese, and with several comorbidities; 21.1% showed at least moderate disability; the PCS score was significantly lower than expected age- and gender-matched samples in the general population, while MCS score was not. After adjusting for potential sociodemographic and general-health confounders, gout-specific variables significantly impacted on HAQ, including polyarticular involvement OR 3.82 (1.63, 8.95), presence of tophi OR 1.92 (1.07, 3.43) and recent attacks OR 2.20 (1.27, 3.81). Consistent results were found for PCS. The impairment of PCS compared to the general population was limited to patients with features of chronic gout. MCS was only affected by recent attacks (MD -2.72 [-4.58, -0.86]) and corticosteroid treatment (-3.39 [-5.30,-1.48]).

Conclusions

The data from the KING study confirm that gout impacts on disability and provide evidence for an independent association of gout and gout-related features with functional outcome and HRQoL. This result supports the need to improve specific treatment in gout.
Revisiting spatial distribution and biochemical composition of calcium-containing crystals in human osteoarthritic articular cartilage
Authors: Nguyen Christelle , Bazin Dominique , Daudon Michel , Chatron-Colliet Aurore , Hannouche Didier , Bianchi Arnaud , Côme Dominique , So Alexander , Busso Nathalie , Lioté Frédéric , Ea Hang-Korng
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Calcium-containing (CaC) crystals, including basic calcium phosphate (BCP) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP), are associated with destructive forms of osteoarthritis (OA). We assessed their distribution and biochemical and morphologic features in human knee OA cartilage.

Methods

We prospectively included 20 patients who underwent total knee replacement (TKR) for primary OA. CaC crystal characterization and identification involved Fourier-transform infra-red spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy of 8 to 10 cartilage zones of each knee, including medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaux and the intercondyle zone. Differential expression of genes involved in the mineralization process between cartilage with and without calcification was assessed in samples from 8 different patients by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry and histology studies were performed in 6 different patients.

Results

Mean (SEM) age and body mass index of patients at the time of TKR was 74.6 (1.7) years and 28.1 (1.6) kg/m², respectively. Preoperative X-rays showed joint calcifications (chondrocalcinosis) in 4 cases only. The medial femoro-tibial compartment was the most severely affected in all cases, and mean (SEM) Kellgren-Lawrence score was 3.8 (0.1). All 20 OA cartilages showed CaC crystals. The mineral content represented 7.7% (8.1%) of the cartilage weight. All patients showed BCP crystals, which were associated with CPP crystals for 8 joints. CaC crystals were present in all knee joint compartments and in a mean of 4.6 (1.7) of the 8 studied areas. Crystal content was similar between superficial and deep layers and between medial and femoral compartments. BCP samples showed spherical structures, typical of biological apatite, and CPP samples showed rod-shaped or cubic structures. The expression of several genes involved in mineralization, including human homolog of progressive ankylosis, plasma-cell-membrane glycoprotein 1 and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, was upregulated in OA chondrocytes isolated from CaC crystal-containing cartilages.

Conclusions

CaC crystal deposition is a widespread phenomenon in human OA articular cartilage involving the entire knee cartilage including macroscopically normal and less weight-bearing zones. Cartilage calcification is associated with altered expression of genes involved in the mineralisation process.
Prolactin-Stat5 signaling in breast cancer is potently disrupted by acidosis within the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yang Ning , Liu Chengbao , Peck Amy R , Girondo Melanie A , Yanac Alicia F , Tran Thai H , Utama Fransiscus E , Tanaka Takemi , Freydin Boris , Chervoneva Inna , Hyslop Terry , Kovatich Albert J , Hooke Jeffrey A , Shriver Craig D , Rui Hallgeir
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Emerging evidence in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer supports the notion that prolactin-Stat5 signaling promotes survival and maintenance of differentiated luminal cells, and loss of nuclear tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5 (Nuc-pYStat5) in clinical breast cancer is associated with increased risk of antiestrogen therapy failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying loss of Nuc-pYStat5 in breast cancer remain poorly defined.

Methods

We investigated whether moderate extracellular acidosis of pH 6.5 to 6.9 frequently observed in breast cancer inhibits prolactin-Stat5 signaling, using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches combined with quantitative immunofluorescence protein analyses to interrogate archival breast cancer specimens.

Results

Moderate acidosis at pH 6.8 potently disrupted signaling by receptors for prolactin but not epidermal growth factor, oncostatin M, IGF1, FGF or growth hormone. In breast cancer specimens there was mutually exclusive expression of Nuc-pYStat5 and GLUT1, a glucose transporter upregulated in glycolysis-dependent carcinoma cells and an indirect marker of lactacidosis. Mutually exclusive expression of GLUT1 and Nuc-pYStat5 occurred globally or regionally within tumors, consistent with global or regional acidosis. All prolactin-induced signals and transcripts were suppressed by acidosis, and the acidosis effect was rapid and immediately reversible, supporting a mechanism of acidosis disruption of prolactin binding to receptor. T47D breast cancer xenotransplants in mice displayed variable acidosis (pH 6.5 to 6.9) and tumor regions with elevated GLUT1 displayed resistance to exogenous prolactin despite unaltered levels of prolactin receptors and Stat5.

Conclusions

Moderate extracellular acidosis effectively blocks prolactin signaling in breast cancer. We propose that acidosis-induced prolactin resistance represents a previously unrecognized mechanism by which breast cancer cells may escape homeostatic control.
Mammary Carcinoma Cell Derived Cyclooxygenase 2 Suppresses Tumor Immune Surveillanceby Enhancing Intratumoral Immune Checkpoint Activity
Authors: Markosyan Nune , Chen Edward P , Evans Rebecca A , Ndong Victoire , Vonderheide Robert H , Smyth Emer M
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Systemic inhibition of the inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 decreasesthe risk of breast cancer and its recurrence. However, the biology of COX-2 in themulticellular tumor microenvironment is poorly defined.

Methods

Mammary tumor onset and multiplicity were examined in ErbB2 transgenic mice thatwere deficient in mammary epithelial cell COX-2 (COX-2MECKO) comparedto wild type (WT) mice.

Tumors were analyzed, by real time PCR, immune-staining and flow cytometry, forproliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune microenvironment. LentiviralshRNA delivery was used to knock down (KD) COX-2 in ErbB2-transformed mouse breastcancer cells (COX-2KD), and growth as orthotopic tumors was examined in syngenicrecipient mice, with or without depletion of CD8+ immune cells.

Results

Mammary tumor onset was delayed, and multiplicity halved, in COX-2MECKOmice compared to WT. COX-2MECKO tumors showed decreased expression ofKi67, a proliferation marker, as well as reduced VEGFA, its receptor VEGFR2,endothelial NOS and the vascular endothelial marker CD31, indicating reduced tumorvascularization. COX-2MECKO tumors contained more CD4+ Thelper (Th) cells and CD8+ cytotoxic immune cells (CTL)consistent with increased immune surveillance. The ratio of Th markersTbet (Th1) to GATA3 (Th2) was higher, and levels of Retnla,a M2 macrophage marker, lower, in COX-2MECKO tumor infiltratingleukocytes compared to WT, suggesting a prevalence of pro-immune Th1over immune suppressive Th2 lymphocytes, and reduced macrophagepolarization to the immune suppressive M2 phenotype. Enhanced immune surveillancein COX-2MECKO tumors was coincident with increased intratumoral CXCL9,a T cell chemoattractant, and decreased expression of T lymphocyte co-inhibitoryreceptors CTLA4 and PD-1, as well as PD-L1, the ligand for PD-1. PD-L1 was alsodecreased in IFNγ-treated COX-2KD mouse mammary cancer cells in vitro and, compared to control cells, growth of COX-2KD cells as orthotopic tumorsin immune competent mice was markedly suppressed. However, robust growth ofCOX-2KD tumor cells was evident when recipients were depleted of CD8+ cells.

Conclusions

The data strongly support that, in addition to its angiogenic function, tumor cellCOX-2 suppresses intratumoral cytotoxic CD8+ immune cell function,possibly through upregulation of immune checkpoints, thereby contributing to tumorimmune escape. COX-2 inhibition may be clinically useful to augment breast cancerimmunotherapy.
The subxiphoid view cannot replace the apical view for transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of hemodynamic status
Authors: Maizel Julien , Salhi Ahmed , Tribouilloy Christophe , Massy Ziad A , Choukroun Gabriel , Slama Michel
Published: September 2013

Introduction

This prospective study aimed to assess whether use of the subxiphoid acoustic window in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can be an accurate alternative in the absence of an apical view to assess hemodynamic parameters.

Methods

This prospective study took place in a teaching hospital medical ICU. Over a 4-month period, TTE was performed in patients admitted for more than 24 hours. Two operators rated the quality of parasternal, apical, and subxiphoid acoustic windows as Excellent, Good, Acceptable, Poor, or No image. In the subpopulation presenting adequate (rated as acceptable or higher) apical and subxiphoid views, we compared the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the ratio between right and left ventricular end-diastolic areas (RVEDA/LVEDA), the ratio between early and late mitral inflow on pulsed Doppler (E/A ratio), the aortic velocity time integral (Ao VTI), and the ratio between early mitral inflow and displacement of the mitral annulus on tissue Doppler imaging (E/Ea ratio).

Results

An adequate apical view was obtained in 80%, and an adequate subxiphoid view was obtained in 63% of the 107 patients included. Only 5% of patients presented an adequate subxiphoid view without an adequate apical view. In the subpopulation of patients with adequate apical and subxiphoid windows (n = 65), LVEF, E/A, and RVEDA/LVEDA were comparable on both views, and were strongly correlated (r > 0.80) with acceptable biases and precision. However, the Ao VTI and the E/Ea ratio were lower on the subxiphoid view than on the apical view (18 ± 5 versus 16 ± 5 cm and 9.6 ± 4.6 versus 7.6 ± 4 cm, respectively, P = 0.001 for both).

Conclusions

An adequate TTE subxiphoid window was obtained in fewer than two thirds of ICU patients. In addition to the classic indication for the subxiphoid window to study the vena cava and pericardium, this view can be used to study right and left ventricular morphology and function, but does not provide accurate hemodynamic Doppler information. ICU echocardiographers should therefore record both apical and subxiphoid views to assess comprehensively the cardiac function and hemodynamic status.
Foundation News
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: September 2013

Do you remember the excitement and also the challenges of your first experience in the field? If you ask most geoscientists, the field is where they fell in love with geophysics and geology. This is still the most common answer from students and recent graduates today. Even though the industry is growing and more students are choosing a career in geosciences, universities are, unfortunately, eliminating these field courses. Budget constraints stemming from increased liability insurance costs and the trend to merge geography and environmental science departments with geophysics and geology are also factors. Approximately 15% of geoscience departments now offer a field camp for more than 1–2 days, if at all. These universities will open their camp to students outside their school, but the cost for students to attend still averages US $2000.
Multiparameter full-waveform inversion: Marine and land examples
Authors: Plessix R. E. , Milcik P. , Rynja H. , Stopin A. , Matson K. , Abri S.
Published: September 2013

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI), as proposed by Lailly and Tarantola in the 1980s (Lailly, 1983, Tarantola, 1987), consists of minimizing the misfit between observed and computed data. This data fitting approach is attractive because, theoretically, it allows us to directly invert for the Earth parameters, without using concepts like angle reflectivity and scale separation between background velocity and reflectivity. However, the applicability of waveform inversion is limited by at least two factors: the numerical cost of the solutions of the elastodynamic equations needed to obtain the computed data and the ill-posedness of the inverse problem because of the presence of local minima caused by cycle skipping between observed and computed data. The large increase in computing power became an enabler for this technique, even if it is still expensive to numerically solve the visco-elastic wave equations and most of the current waveform inversion implementations make severe approximations, notably the acoustic assumption in exploration geophysics. Because of the computing cost of solving the wave equations, the minimization of the misfit function has to be carried out with a local (gradient) optimization technique. The current implementations to invert 3D seismic data are then sensitive to the initial values of the Earth parameters. This sensitivity depends on the type of data (Gauthier et al., 1986, and Virieux and Operto, 2009, for a review), which means that improvements in acquisition greatly impact the quality of the results obtained with FWI.
Waveform inversion including well constraints, anisotropy, and attenuation
Authors: Wang Chao , Yingst David , Bai Jianyong , Leveille Jacques , Farmer Paul , Brittan John
Published: September 2013

The goal of full-waveform inversion (WFI) is to derive high-fidelity Earth models for seismic imaging from the full waveforms of the acquired seismic data. The attractiveness of WFI lies mainly in its limited number of approximations, at least in a theoretical sense, in contrast to other model determination techniques such as semblance or ray-based tomography. Despite this, various methodologies must be utilized to make the technique viable with today's computing technology and restrictions of seismic acquisition. These are collectively referred to as “waveform-inversion strategies” and in this article we discuss mainly regularization and preconditioning strategies. As the wavefields need to be accurately modeled to represent the kinematics of all the waves during WFI iterations, the inclusion of anisotropy often helps to improve the WFI results. In the first section of this article, we introduce forward modeling and its adjoint based on acoustic-wave equations in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. We discuss a multiparameter acoustic VTI inversion for P-wave velocity and the anisotropy parameter epsilon. Furthermore, we include well logs as constraints to help stabilize the inversion and provide us with more reliable velocity updates. In the next section, we include attenuation and dispersion effects to better simulate wave propagation through real Earth materials. We present a viscoacoustic WFI for updating both the velocity model and the quality factor (Q) in a recursive mode. We illustrate these approaches on applications to real 3D data.
Tomographic full-waveform inversion (TFWI) by combining FWI and wave-equation migration velocity analysis
Authors: Biondi Biondo , Almomin Ali
Published: September 2013

Convergence of full waveform inversion can be improved by extending the velocity model along either the subsurface-offset axis or the time-lag axis. The extension of the velocity model along the time-lag axis enables us to linearly model large time shifts caused by velocity perturbations. The extension is based on a new linearization of the scalar wave equation where the extended-velocity perturbation is convolved in time with the Laplacian of the background wavefield. This linearization is accurate for both reflected events and transmitted events and, in particular, for diving waves recorded at large offsets. The modeling capabilities of the proposed linearization enable the simultaneous inversion of reflections and diving waves even when the starting velocity model is far from being accurate. We solve the resulting optimization problem with a nested algorithm. The inner iterations are based on the proposed linearization and on a mixing of scales between the short- and long-wavelength components of the velocity model. Numerical tests performed on two synthetic data sets modeled on the Marmousi model and on the Caspian Sea portion of the well-known BP model show the global-convergence properties as well as the high-resolution potential of the method.
Full-waveform inversion of variable-depth streamer data: An application to shallow channel modeling in the North Sea
Authors: Ratcliffe Andrew , Jupp Richard , Wombell Richard , Body Geoff , Durussel Vincent , Fernandes Adam , Gosling Bob , Lombardi Morgane
Published: September 2013

Industry implementations of full-waveform inversion (FWI) are driven by the lower frequencies in the seismic data. This is in conflict with conventional acquisition scenarios where the free-surface ghost attenuates these desired low frequencies. In this article, we discuss the application of FWI to variable-depth streamer data and show that FWI adapts naturally to this acquisition geometry, hence benefitting from the improved low frequencies recorded in this configuration. We illustrate this with an example from the central North Sea, where detailed velocity features associated with the shallow channels in the near-surface geology are revealed by FWI. Migration with this updated velocity model improves the imaging through the near surface.
Some key factors for the successful application of full-waveform inversion
Authors: Liu Faqi , Morton Scott A. , Ma Xiaochun , Checkles Steve
Published: September 2013

While low-wavenumber components of an Earth model can be constructed using reflection tomography, full-waveform inversion (FWI) is capable of deriving a model with high accuracy that covers the full range of the spatial spectrum, from low to high wavenumbers, supported by the seismic data. This data-domain algorithm minimizes the mismatch in both amplitude and phase between the recorded data set and a numerically simulated one. The inversion is commonly solved using a local gradient-based iterative scheme, like the steepest decent or conjugate-gradient method. The model update is proportional to the gradient of the objective function and is computed by crosscorrelating a forward extrapolated source wavefield with a backward propagated data residual, which is computationally equivalent to reverse time migration of the data residual.
Inversion of refractions and reflections by full-waveform inversion for marine streamer data: Classification of problem types and solution methods
Authors: Kelly Steve , Ramos-Martinez Jaime , Zou Kathy , Tsimelzon Boris
Published: September 2013

We classify full-waveform inversion (FWI) projects according to the types of events used to invert marine streamer data. In general, an adequate model update requires the seamless introduction of wavenumbers that are missing in the starting model. It has been our experience that a seamless update may require extraction of the lowest possible wavenumbers from the data, as well as the application of preprocessing procedures and scattering kernels that are optimal for each type of arrival. In a shallow-water environment, and with sufficient offsets, refracted arrivals and diving waves can provide an adequate inversion for shallow velocity structures. We demonstrate this principle using the linearized (Born) scattering kernel for field data from the North Sea.
Uncertainty in discriminating lithology in different data domains
Authors: Payne Michael A , Liu Enru , Bandyopadhyay Kaushik
Published: September 2013

A major goal of geophysical analysis is to predict the lithologic and fluid content of the subsurface. Of necessity, most of the measurements are conducted remotely using seismic or electromagnetic equipment. These remote data should be calibrated with the expected properties of the subsurface, principally from well control. As a result, rock physics is a key component of the process to ensure that the appropriate geophysical response is measured and obtained.
Student Zone
Authors: Yoder Johnna , Blythe Natalie
Published: September 2013

Students are the future of the geoscience industry and these upcoming industry leaders have ambitious goals for what they will to contribute to the world. Each year, SEG students around the globe usher in change and innovation amongst their peers through various student-led expos and conferences where they gain the valuable skills of networking, team-building, and communication—all while learning more about the science they love. Two groundbreaking geoscience conferences held this year included the 4th International Geoscience Student Conference (IGSC) in Berlin, Germany, and the first-ever African Geosciences Students Conference (AGSC) in Lagos, Nigeria.
Memorials
Authors: Clark Dean
Published: September 2013

Lawrence M. Gochioco, a tireless advocate on behalf of coal geophysics and a former chairman of the TLE Editorial Board, died on 8 April 2013 at age 57.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion with high dose oxaliplatin: Influence of perfusion temperature on postoperative outcome and survival
Authors: Verhulst Johanna
Published: September 2013

Introduction: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is becoming a standard therapy in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Compared to systemic chemotherapy, HIPEC improves survival in patients with PC. This therapy has high morbidity rates (up to 41%). In vitro it has been demonstrated that hyperthermia has a toxic effect on malign cells. However, hyperthermia also affects normal tissue. To my knowledge, any additional effect of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy has never been demonstrated in a clinical setting. In this study, the effects of hyperthermia on outcome and survival were analyzed.

Methods: Patients with PC from any origin who were treated with HIPEC were included in this retrospective, non-randomized study. Data on patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, features of the surgery and postoperative complications were extracted from patient files. Models predicting time to removal of nasogastric tube (TRNT), post-operative major complications, the occurrence of anastomotic leaks and post-operative survival were built, using negative binomial regression, logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression as appropriate.

Results: 138 patients treated with HIPEC were included. Maximal temperature during the operation was not statistically significantly associated with anastomotic leaks or post-operative major complications. Maximal temperature during the operation was negatively associated with post-operative survival (P=0.01).

Conclusion: The results suggest that hyperthermia may negatively affect survival in patients who are treated with HIPEC for PC of various origins. This study has the classical limitations of a retrospective study. Therefore, randomized trials are required to confirm the results.
Species of the genus Trigonocera Becker (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Grichanov Igor Ya.
Published: September 2013

Systematic information on the Old World diaphorine genus Trigonocera Becker is reviewed. It comprises nine species: T. rivosa Becker (=T. africana Naglis syn. nov.), T. guizhouensis Wang, Yang et Grootaert, T. lucidiventris Becker, T. munroi (Curran), T. obscura De Meijere, T. specialis Becker, T. tongshiensis (Yang), T. ethiopiensis Grichanov sp. nov. from Ethiopia and T. madagascarensis Grichanov sp. nov. from Madagascar. T. biseta Olejníček is excluded from the genus [Chrysotus biseta (Olejníček) comb. nov.]. The distribution and diagnostic features of Trigonocera are discussed.
Review of the genus Doryphorina Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Authors: Song Zhi Shun , Ai Ping Liang
Published: September 2013

The dictyopharid planthopper genus Doryphorina Melichar, 1912 is revised on the base of examination of the type specimens deposited in Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. The genus includes three known species D. stali Melichar, 1912, D. minor Fennah, 1978, and D. subdeflexa Fennah, 1978. The rank of the two latter is elevated to specific status from subspecies of D. stali. Male genitalia of all species are described and illustrated for the first time. A diagnostic key is provided for differentiation of the known species in the genus.
Ghostwatch and the haunting of media
Authors: Leeder Murray
Published: September 2013

Ghostwatch was an infamous mockumentary broadcast by BBC1 on 31 October 1992, documenting the ‘live’ investigation of a London haunted house. Its careful recreations of the conventions of live television were such that it successfully fooled many of its spectators into believing that BBC personalities, playing themselves, were in danger, and Britain was undergoing a massive haunting facilitated by television itself. A suicide was attributed to the programme, as well as several cases of post-traumatic stress disorder in children. This article links Ghostwatch with the supernatural implications that media of transmission are often understood as having, at least since the early linkages between spiritualism and telegraphy. It also explores how the programme exploits the conventions of liveness as a dark parody of the ways children are taught to understand television: as a semi-permeable barrier that looks even as it is looked at. Finally, it considers the implications of the BBC becoming perverted into a national haunting force in terms of its putative role as a nation-building public service broadcaster.
Negotiations of masculinity in American ghost-hunting reality television
Authors: Renner Karen J.
Published: September 2013

This article examines a new type of text that has arisen due to the twenty-first-century obsession with the paranormal: the ghost-hunting reality show. Even though spiritualism originated amidst strong female leadership and mediumship has long been associated with women, the most popular ghost-hunting shows portray the activity as a hypermasculine affair. This article seeks to understand why reality television has attracted men to the traditionally feminine work of talking to the dead and how these men have converted this work into a masculine endeavour. I argue that the hypermasculine nature of the ghost-hunting reality show is due to the potentially emasculating circumstances in which the male participants find themselves. In addition to declaring their belief in the paranormal – an act that goes against the traditionally masculine principle of rationality – these men participate in a genre that demands ostentatious displays of emotion. Referring mainly to Ghost Adventures, this article demonstrates that to combat these supposedly feminizing conditions, as well as their likeness to other typically female roles, such as medium and Gothic heroine, the male ghost hunter calls upon conventions from more ‘manly’ genres, such as the western, action-adventure, science fiction and the detective story.
Designing Web 2.0 ePortfolios for music postgraduate study: A practice-led enquiry
Authors: Stephensen Paul C. , Dillon Steve C.
Published: September 2013

This article examines the design of ePortfolios for music postgraduate students utilizing a practice-led design iterative research process. It is suggested that the availability of Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs and social network software potentially provide creative artist with an opportunity to engage in a dialogue about art with artefacts of the artist products and processes present in that discussion. The design process applied Software Development as Research (SoDaR) methodology to simultaneously develop design and pedagogy. The approach to designing ePortfolio systems applied four theoretical protocols to examine the use of digitized artefacts to enable a dynamic and inclusive dialogue around representations of the students work. A negative case analysis identified a disjuncture between university access and control policy, and the relative openness of Web2.0 systems outside the institution that led to the design of an integrated model of ePortfolio.
Using spatial sound as an interdisciplinary teaching tool
Authors: Otondo Felipe
Published: September 2013

‘Interdisciplinarity’ has become an ambiguous and slightly misleading term; people appear to have quite different ideas of what it means. One topic that is shared among various art disciplines and is believed to help relating to and understanding practical interdisciplinary features of an artwork is the role of the physical space. This article examines the role that spatial sound can play as a teaching enhancement tool exemplified in successful examples of interdisciplinary students’ collaborations. Challenges of an integrated interdisciplinary curriculum design for art courses are discussed taking into account relevant issues like contents, assessment and resources.
Reviews
Authors: Jones David , Kennedy Lewis , Martin Adam , Nederberg Annelie
Published: September 2013

The Art of Nick Cave Review: New Critical Essays, John H. Baker (ed.) (2013) Bristol: Intellect, 282 pp., ISBN: 978-1-84150-627-2, p/bk, £24.95

Reverberations: The Philosophy, Aesthetics and Politics of Noise, Michael Goddard, Benjamin Halligan and Paul Hegarty (eds) (2012) London: Continuum, 302 pp., ISBN: 978-1-44-116065-2, p/bk, £16.99

The Digital Musician, 2nd ed., Andrew Hugill (2012) New York: Routledge, 316 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-80660-2, p/bk, £32.99

Bodily Expression in Electronic Music: Perspectives on Reclaiming Performativity, Deniz Peters, Gerhard Eckel and Andreas Dorschel (eds) (2012) New York: Routledge, 230 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-89080-9, h/bk, £90.00
A Giambelli formula for even orthogonal Grassmannians
Authors: Buch Anders Skovsted , Kresch Andrew , Tamvakis Harry
Published: September 2013

Let X be an orthogonal Grassmannian parametrizing isotropic
subspaces in an even dimensional vector space equipped with a
nondegenerate symmetric form. We prove a Giambelli formula which
expresses an arbitrary Schubert class in the classical and quantum
cohomology rings of X as a polynomial in certain special Schubert
classes. Our analysis reveals a surprising relation between the
Schubert calculus on even and odd orthogonal Grassmannians. We also
study eta polynomials, a family of polynomials defined using
raising operators whose algebra agrees with the Schubert calculus on
X.
Pulmonary Embolism in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Agha Beesan Shalabi , Sturm Jesse J. , Simon Harold K. , Hirsh Daniel A.
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To describe patients who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and are subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE).

METHODS:

Electronic medical records from 2003 to 2011 of a tertiary care pediatric health care system was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients <21 years who had a final International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of PE. Patient demographics, and hospital course were recorded. Adult validated clinical decision rules Wells criteria and Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria (PERC) were retrospectively applied. PERC identified 8 clinical criteria for adult patients using logistic regression modeling to exclude PE without additional diagnostic evaluation. If all criteria are met, further evaluation is not indicated.

RESULTS:

Of 1 185 794 PED visits, 105 patients had an ultimate diagnosis of PE. Twenty-five met study criteria, and all were admitted. Forty percent of these patients had PE diagnosed in the PED. The most common risk factors were BMI ≥25 (50%, 10 of 20), oral contraceptive use (38% 5 of 13 female patients), and history of previous thrombus without PE (28%, 7 of 25). When the PERC rule was applied retrospectively, 84% of patients could not be ruled out, indicating additional evaluation for PE was needed.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pulmonary embolism is rare in children but does occur. This study emphasizes risk factors among children that should raise the suspicion of PE. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate risk factors and signs and symptoms of PE to develop pediatric specific clinical decision rules to provide reliable and reproducible means of determining pretest probability of PE.
Parental Preferences and Goals Regarding ADHD Treatment
Authors: Fiks Alexander G. , Mayne Stephanie , DeBartolo Elena , Power Thomas J. , Guevara James P.
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVES:

To describe the association between parents’ attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment preferences and goals and treatment initiation.

METHODS:

Parents/guardians of children aged 6 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD in the past 18 months and not currently receiving combined treatment (both medication and behavior therapy [BT]) were recruited from 8 primary care sites and an ADHD treatment center. Parents completed the ADHD Preference and Goal Instrument, a validated measure, and reported treatment receipt at 6 months. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of baseline preferences and goals with treatment initiation. Using linear regression, we compared the change in preferences and goals over 6 months for children who initiated treatment versus others.

RESULTS:

The study included 148 parents/guardians. Baseline medication and BT preference were associated with treatment initiation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.2–5.5] and 2.2 [95% CI: 1.0–5.1], respectively). The goal of academic achievement was associated with medication initiation (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.3–3.4]) and the goal of behavioral compliance with initiation of BT (OR: 1.6 [95% CI: 1.1–2.4]). At 6 months, parents whose children initiated medication or BT compared with others had decreased academic and behavioral goals, suggesting their goals were attained. However, only those initiating BT had diminished interpersonal relationship goals.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parental treatment preferences were associated with treatment initiation, and those with distinct goals selected different treatments. Results support the formal measurement of preferences and goals in practice as prioritized in recent national guidelines for ADHD management.
Infant Abusive Head Trauma in a Military Cohort
Authors: Gumbs Gia R. , Keenan Heather T. , Sevick Carter J. , Conlin Ava Marie S. , Lloyd David W. , Runyan Desmond K. , Ryan Margaret A. K. , Smith Tyler C.
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:

Evaluate the rate of, and risk factors for, abusive head trauma (AHT) among infants born to military families and compare with civilian population rates.

METHODS:

Electronic International Classification of Diseases data from the US Department of Defense (DoD) Birth and Infant Health Registry were used to identify infants born to military families from 1998 through 2005 (N = 676 827) who met the study definition for AHT. DoD Family Advocacy Program data were used to identify infants with substantiated reports of abuse. Rates within the military were compared with civilian population rates by applying an alternate AHT case definition used in a civilian study.

RESULTS:

Applying the study definition, the estimated rate of substantiated military AHT was 34.0 cases in the first year of life per 100 000 live births. Using the alternate case definition, the estimated AHT rate was 25.6 cases per 100 000 live births. Infant risk factors for AHT included male sex, premature birth, and a diagnosed major birth defect. Parental risk factors included young maternal age (<21 years), lower sponsor rank or pay grade, and current maternal military service.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first large database study of AHT with the ability to link investigative results to cases. Overall rates of AHT were consistent with civilian populations when using the same case definition codes. Infants most at risk, warranting special attention from military family support programs, include infants with parents in lower military pay grades, infants with military mothers, and infants born premature or with birth defects.