bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion and Anxiety Interact to Bias Spatial Attention
Authors: Bachmann Helena , Japee Shruti , Merriam Elisha P , Liu Tong Tina
Published: November 2022

Emotional expressions are an evolutionarily conserved means of social communication and are essential for social interactions. It is important to understand how anxious individuals perceive their social environments, including emotional expressions, especially with the rising prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety is often associated with an attentional bias for threat-related stimuli, such as angry faces. Yet the mechanisms by which anxiety enhances or impairs two key components of spatial attention—attentional capture and attentional disengagement—to emotional expressions are still unclear. Moreover, positive valence is often ignored in studies of threat-related attention and anxiety, despite high occurrence of happy faces during everyday social interaction. Here, we investigated the relationship between anxiety, emotional valence, and spatial attention in 574 participants across two preregistered studies. We found that happy faces capture attention more quickly than angry faces during the visual search experiment and found delayed disengagement from both angry and happy faces over neutral faces during the spatial cueing experiment. We also show that anxiety has a distinct impact on both attentional capture and disengagement of emotional faces. Together our findings highlight the role of positively valenced stimuli in attracting and holding attention and suggest that anxiety is a critical factor modulating spatial attention to emotional stimuli.
Differential expression of Holliday junction recognition protein in triple negative breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2022

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with triple negative breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding Holliday junction recognition protein, HJURP, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). HJURP was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). HJURP mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of HJURP in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with breast cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of HJURP was correlated with overall survival in patients with mesenchymal subtype disease. HJURP may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.
A review of structural inheritance in rift basin formation
Authors: Samsu Anindita , Micklethwaite Steven , Williams Jack , Fagereng Ake , Cruden Alexander
Published: November 2022

In the context of rift basin formation, structural inheritance describes the influence of pre-existing basement structures on new, rift-related structures, including faults. Examples of basin features influenced by inheritance include rift localisation and segmentation at the plate scale, as well as variations in the geometries, orientations, and kinematics of individual rift-related faults. Given that continental rifts commonly form in pre-deformed crust, structural inheritance is likely to be the norm, not the exception. As such, structural inheritance has implications for reconstructing the paleotectonic history of rifts, investigating seismic hazards, and understanding the fluid transport and storage capabilities of natural fracture systems in the context of geo-energy and ore deposits.Our review of the literature shows that inheritance is driven by several mechanisms, which include frictional reactivation and local re-orientation of the far-field strain and/or stress. Here we highlight how insights from field observations, geophysics, and analogue and numerical models can be used to classify these mechanisms in terms of hard-linked and soft-linked inheritance. We demonstrate how different inheritance mechanisms can produce different geometric and kinematic relationships between pre-existing basement structures and rift-related faults, and that these mechanisms can be active at different depths within the same rift. Our aim is to provide a framework for recognising various expressions of structural inheritance and their underlying mechanism(s) in natural rifts, so that we can better interpret basement structures under cover and are equipped with additional constraints for understanding the multi-stage evolution of basement-influenced rift basins worldwide.
Oceanic redox conditions during the terminal Cambrian extinction event
Authors: Chen Xi , Shields Graham , Andersen Morten , Qiu Chen , Min Si-Yu , Shao Qing-Feng , Ling Hong-Fei
Published: November 2022

Marine animal diversity during the late Cambrian was reduced by a series of extinctions that have generally been attributed to oceanic anoxic events associated with positive carbon isotope excursions. Here we present carbon and uranium isotope ratios (δ13C and δ238U values) as proxies for global carbon cycle and oceanic redox conditions, respectively, from carbonate rocks of the Wa’ergang section, South China. The dataset spans an interval that includes the last major negative δ13C excursion (TOCE) of the Cambrian Period. The TOCE is a globally documented event, recovery from which corresponds to the terminal Cambrian extinction event. The δ13C and δ238U values covary through the section, shifting initially to lower values, with δ238U falling below the modern open-ocean seawater value from the start to the middle of the profile, followed by a shift to higher values towards the end of the Cambrian. Neither the co-occurrence of δ13C and δ238U negative excursions, nor the association of rising δ238U with extinction have been commonly reported. Here we argue that robust positive coupling of δ13C and δ238U relates to the existence of extensive intermediate reducing settings (from low-O2 suboxia to intermittent anoxia) during the late Cambrian alongside low atmospheric pO2 and a greenhouse climate. Similarly, a stepwise increase in the δ238U baseline in carbonates across the Ediacaran−Cambrian boundary is consistent with the growing importance of an intermediate reducing sink through that interval. We propose further that divergent trends in lower and upper ocean redox conditions could have driven the parallel isotope excursions. An expansion of intermediate reducing conditions, rather than persistent anoxic euxinia, is consistent with the recovery of δ13C and δ238U to higher values, as well as the presence of benthic fauna and shoreward extension of deeper-water fauna that may have had a greater tolerance against hypoxia.
Gaia: Complex Systems Prediction for Time to Adapt to Climate Shocks
Authors: Hunt Allen , Sahimi Muhammad , Faybishenko Boris , Egli Markus , Kabala Zbigniew , Ghanbarian Behzad , Yu Fang
Published: November 2022

A proposal, called “Gaia”, that life regulates Earth’s climate to its advantage, is partially supported by Earth’s climate history, wherein temperature fluctuations over the past ca. half billion years have mostly been small enough to protect life from extremes of climatic fluctuations, while global temperatures overall cooled during the 3.8 Ga when life was present, in spite of increased solar irradiance. Kirchner states that the simultaneous existence of bi-directional and uni-directional responses is inconsistent with the understanding of the effects of a single organism. Further, the counterargument that plant life creates climate crises endangering life’s survival has been advanced. These two objections require a more nuanced understanding of the biosphere as interacting, nested, ecosystems. It has also been asserted that chemical weathering provides negative feedback to climate fluctuations due to its strong temperature dependence, making it a global thermostat. However, this suggestion is based on the failure to recognize that chemical weathering rates in situ, unlike the lab, are limited by water fluxes. Since warmer temperatures need not support increased precipitation, particularly at times corresponding to the assembly of supercontinents, weathering is unsuited as a thermostat. Here, we present quantitative predictions of the time required, 80 Ma, for a synergistic system of plants/bacteria/fungi to reach continental size. Although the prediction was originally applied to the wrong biosphere adaptation, we now show that 80 Ma exceeds by only 33% the time required (60 Ma) for Earth to return to homeostasis after biological innovations of land plants ultimately plunged Earth into Paleozoic ice ages. This alternate understanding provides a rationale to examine further the potential for soil ecosystem adaptation to deliver the homeostatic response implied in the Gaia “hypothesis.”
How Creative Ideas Take Shape
Authors: Gabora Liane
Published: November 2022

Divergent thinking is presumed to involve the generation of multiple, often unconventional possibilities. Thus construed, it necessarily goes hand-in-hand with the notion that creativity involves ‘selection’, since if you come up with multiple alternatives you eventually weed some of them out. However, an alternative possibility is creative thought is divergent not in the sense that it moves in multiple directions or generates multiple possibilities, but in the sense that it produces a raw idea that is vague or unfocused, that requires further processing to become viable. This paper discusses these two views of divergent thought, and summarizes a study carried out to distinguish between them, which found support for the new alternative view.
Are Effective Leaders Creative?
Authors: Gabora Liane
Published: November 2022

The relationship between leadership and creativity is surprisingly complex. This paper discusses the relationship between the two, and how it was explored using an agent-based model. We found that when the followers are uncreative, the degree of creativity of the leader matters a lot; the effectiveness of ideas across the society as a whole is positively correlated with the frequency of invention of the leader. However, the more creative the followers are, the greater the extent to which the beneficial effect of creative leadership is washed out. We also found that creative leadership is more valuable early than later on. The result suggests that a new startup company benefits most from highly creative leadership, while a more established company, or one that has stabilized on an established product line, benefits most from a more conservative form of leadership.
A qualitative study of the psychological effects of quarantine as an infection control measure
Authors: Eid Jarle , Bøhn Emilie K. , Guderud Martine , Rath Thea Marie , Sætrevik Bjørn
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the psychological effects of being placed in quarantine during the early stage of the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. We wanted to examine the effects of individual stress, coping strategies, and access to social support from family and friends. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 Norwegian citizens between 21-64 years who were quarantined during the first four weeks of the pandemic in March-April 2020. Four main themes emerged in the analysis: a) Being responsible, in terms of addressing the fear of being infected and infecting others, b) The stress of the situation, in terms of highlighting worries, loss and loneliness, c) Ways of coping, in terms of elaborating on cognitive, behavioral, and affective strategies to adapt to the quarantine, and d) Social support and gratitude, in terms of appreciating interpersonal relations and the social context of the quarantine situation. The study contributes to our understanding of how individual differences in stress and coping influenced the psychological outcomes of quarantine in the first weeks of the pandemic. These findings may inform health services and policy for future use of quarantine as an infection control measure.
Mnemicity - A cognitive gadget?
Authors: Mahr Johannes , Van Bergen Penny , Sutton John , Schacter Daniel L , heyes cecilia
Published: November 2022

Episodic representations can be entertained either as ‘remembered’ or as ‘imagined’ – as outcomes of experience or as simulations of such experience. Here, we argue that this feature is the product of a dedicated cognitive function: the metacognitive capacity to determine the ‘mnemicity’ of mental event simulations. We argue that mnemicity attribution should be distinguished from other metacognitive operations (such as reality monitoring) and propose that this attribution is a ‘cognitive gadget’ – a distinctively human ability made possible by cultural learning. Cultural learning is a type of social learning in which traits are inherited through social interaction. In the case of mnemicity, one culturally learns to discriminate metacognitive ‘feelings of remembering’ from other perceptual, emotional, action-related, and metacognitive feelings; to interpret ‘feelings of remembering’ as indicators of memory rather than imagination; and to broadcast the interpreted feelings in culture- and context- specific ways – for example, as ‘I was there’, or ‘I witnessed it myself’. We review evidence from the literatures on memory development and scaffolding, metacognitive learning and teaching, as well as cross-cultural psychology in support of this view before pointing out various open questions about the nature and development of mnemicity highlighted by our account.
Multidimensional signals and analytic flexibility: Estimating degrees of freedom in human speech analyses
Authors: Coretta Ste , Casillas Joseph V , Roettger Timo Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis which can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling, but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In the present study, we gave the same speech production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting in substantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further find little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts' prior beliefs, expertise or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions.
Daring to feel: Emotion-focused psychotherapy increases amygdala activation and connectivity in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Meyer Kristina , Attar Catherine Hindi , Fiebig Jana , Stamm Thomas , Bassett Tyler R. , Bauer Michael , Dannlowski Udo , Ethofer Thomas , Falkenberg Irina , Jansen Andreas , Juckel Georg , Kircher Tilo , Mulert Christoph , Leicht Gregor , Rau Anne , Rauh Jonas , Ritter Dirk , Ritter Philipp , Trost Sarah , Vogelbacher Christoph , Walter Henrik , Wolter Sarah , Hautzinger Martin
Published: November 2022

Objectives: In bipolar disorder (BD), the alternation of extreme and sustained positive and negative mood states indicates deficits in emotion processing. These alterations in emotion processing are accompanied by aberrant neural function of the emotion network. Focusing on the amygdala as the central node of this network, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an emotion-centered psychotherapeutic intervention on amygdala responsivity and connectivity during emotional face processing in BD.Methods: In a randomized controlled trial within the multicentric BipoLife project, euthymic BD patients received one of two interventions over six months: an emotion-focused intervention where patients were guided to adequately perceive and label their emotions (FEST, n = 28) or a specific, cognitive-behavioral intervention (SEKT, n = 31). Before and after interventions, patients completed an established emotional face-matching paradigm contrasting emotional faces versus shapes during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Healthy controls (n = 32) were scanned twice after the same interval without receiving any intervention. Given the focus of FEST on emotion processing, we expected the FEST intervention to strengthen amygdala activation and connectivity. Results: Clinically, both interventions effectively stabilized patients’ euthymic states in terms of affective symptoms. At the neural level, FEST versus SEKT showed increased amygdala activation and connectivity with the insula at post relative to prae-intervention timepoint. In FEST, the increase in amygdala activation was further associated with fewer depressive symptoms (r = .72) six months post-intervention. Conclusion: Enhanced activation and functional connectivity of the amygdala during emotional face-matching for FEST versus SEKT may represent a neural marker of improved emotion processing and remediated depressive symptoms thus promoting the FEST intervention as effective tool in the relapse prevention treatment of BD.
The Use and Validation of Drug Screening Technologies in Night-Time Entertainment Districts
Authors: Hughes Lee Richard John , Sorbello Jacob G. , Piron Kurt Mark , Allen Corey , Devilly Grant James
Published: November 2022

Background: Throughout this investigation we sought to determine whether Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) and Ion Trap mobility Spectrometry (ITMS) could provide a practical alternative in field-based research, where affordable drug screening is needed for comprehensive and on-going investigation.Methods: We conducted two studies and assessed three different research protocols to determine the most viable approach. In Protocol A we focused exclusively on harvesting analytes off breathalyser tubes and analysed these in a laboratory using an ion scanner (500DT Smith Detection Ion Scanner). In Protocol B we harvested analytes off a breathalyser tube and business card that had been handled by participants. Samples collected were again analysed in laboratory using various ion scanners (500DT Smith Detection; Hardened Mobile Trace; Biosens 600). In the second study (Protocol C), we harvested samples directly off participants in Queensland’s Nigh-Time Entertainment Districts and completed the analysis on-site and in-real time using the Itemizer 3.Findings: All samples analyzed off-site in Study 1 were found to be inconclusive. As such, Protocols A and B were not feasible for on-going drug screening and monitoring. Conversely, the results of Study 2 Protocol C demonstrated that harvesting samples directly off participants on-site and analysing these in-real time to be the preferred method. Our findings in Protocol C also show that the Itemizer3 was better at identifying those who did not use drugs from those who did. Looking at the incidence rates of admitted drug use in Studies 1 and 2, we find that simply having an objective measure present (irrespective of whether it is confirmational or not) likely resulted in us obtaining more truthful responses from participants about their use of drugs. Conclusions: In effect, our results demonstrate that there is practical utility in using ITMS to screen for drugs inside NEDs.
Falling for phishing attempts: An investigation of individual differences that are associated with behavior in a naturalistic phishing simulation
Authors: Beu Nathan , Jayatilaka Asangi , Zahedi Mansooreh , Babar M. Ali , Hartley Laura , Lewinsmith Winston , Baetu Irina
Published: November 2022

Social engineering cyber-attacks such as phishing emails pose a serious threat to the safety of many organizations. Given that the effectiveness of these attacks heavily relies on poor human decision making, an improved understanding of the individual characteristics that increase cybersecurity vulnerability could inform more targeted training. The current study aimed to identify whether several factors, including phishing email detection ability, confidence in one’s phishing identification decisions, attitudes toward one’s level of responsibility and efficacy, and employee satisfaction and loyalty to the organization, can predict behavior in a naturalistic phishing simulation in an employment setting. We followed up employees of a large organization who had been recently targeted by a phishing simulation and asked them to complete a survey that included a phishing detection task. The employee’s behavior in the phishing simulation was ranked according to its safety: reporting the suspicious email, neither reporting nor clicking on the embedded link, and clicking on the link. We found that fewer years of employment at the organization and lower employee satisfaction and loyalty predicted increasingly unsafe behavior in the simulation. This suggests that newer and unsatisfied employees are most vulnerable to phishing attempts and might benefit most from targeted cybersecurity training.
Network structure differences between subgroups of autistic adults
Authors: Radhoe Tulsi , Agelink van Rentergem Joost , Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth , van der Putten Wikke , Geurts Hilde
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Differences in (autism) characteristics are often reported between autistic and non-autistic adults, but also between autistic adults. We aim to determine whether mean differences correspond to differences in network structure of these characteristics in (a) autistic and non-autistic adults, and (b) two previously identified autism subgroups. Methods: 16 network variables related to demographic and psychological characteristics were included. First, Gaussian Graphical Models were used for network estimation in 261 autistic adults and 384 non-autistic comparisons aged 30-85 years. Second, we repeated this step within two previously identified autism subgroups (N1=124, N2=130). Third, sex differences were explored in the networks of the autism subgroups. Results: The networks of the autism and comparison groups differed on individual edges and visual inspection, although the Network Comparison Test showed no overall differences. The networks of autism subgroups were similar based on visual inspection and statistical comparisons. Sex did not impact the subgroup networks differently. Conclusion: Networks were more similar than different, but observed edge differences could be informative for targeted support. Focusing on mean differences is not sufficient to determine which factors (and associations) are important for autistic people. Thus, network analysis provides a valuable tool beyond assessing mean differences for autistic adults.
Separability
Authors: aiqonatalia
Published: November 2022

Let α (π) 6= |D|. In [23], the main result was the extension of analytically quasi-Euclidean ideals. We show that Iµ,r > R(n) . A central problem in quantum graph theory is the computation of non-unique graphs. In this context, the results of [23] are highly relevant.
Merubah Tantangan Sebagai Peluang Di Masa Pandemi Bagi Komunitas Umkm Naik Kelas Kota Bekasi
Authors: Nurhidayati Nurhidayati , Sugiyah Sugiyah , Syahyuni Dedy , Wianti Wiwin
Published: November 2022

Pembatasan pergerakan manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai akibat dari adanya pandemic covid 19 yang berlangsung hampir satu tahun  berdampak pada semua sendi kehidupan. Tuntutan untuk melakukan adaptasi dengan kondisi baru ini menjadi keharusan, baik dalam kesehariannya atau diluar kegiatan keseharian seperti berekonomi, dan sebagainya. UMKM sebagai pelaku ekonomi sangat merasakan imbas dari kondisi pandemi ini. Daya beli masyarakat menjadi berkurang sebagai akibat semakin berkurangnya pendapatan dan bahkan ada yang mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK). Oleh karena itu para pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, menengah atau UMKM harus dapat melihat dan menyikapi perubahan ini, melalui adaptasi, digitalitasi, kolaborasi dan yang penting lagi adalah ketangguhan mentalitas pelaku UMKM. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan bertujuan untuk membuka wawasan para pelaku UMKM melalui  webinar dengan  tema  merubah tantangan sebagai peluang di masa pandemi bagi komunitas UMKM naik kelas kota Bekasi. Harapannya pelaku UMKM terus berkreasi dan berinovasi atas usahanya menyesuaikan keadaan pandemi ini, agar kegiataan perekonomian masyakat tetap berkesinambungan.
Pemanfaatan Instagram Sebagai Media Pemasaran
Authors: Rachmawati Susan , Pramularso Eigis Yani , Sari Imelda
Published: November 2022

Salah satu ujung tombak dalam operasional usaha adalah bidang pemasaran. Pemasaran menjadi kunci dimana produk yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan. dapat diterima atau tidak. Peran yang penting ini menjadi tantangan manajemen agar dapat mengelola bidang pemasaran ini dengan lebih optimal. Salah satu pengelolaan yang dapat dilakukan adalah memanfaatkan dan menyesuaikan pemasaran dengan teknologi digital yang sangat berkembang saat ini. Berkaitan dengan pemasaran di era digital untuk para pelaku usaha Siwindu Maju Kabeh masih mempunyai permasalahan dalam upaya mengerti dan memilih lebih jauh media digital yang cocok untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pemasarannya. Permasalahan yang ada pada Siwindu Maju Kabeh ini antara lain pengetahuan yang kurang detil terhadap pemahaman media pemasaran online serta pengetahuan yang masih kurang terkait pemilihan aplikasi dan penggunaan aplikasi media sosial dalam pemasaran produk. Solusi yang dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan tentang pemahaman media sosial yang tepat dari berbagai pilihan yang ada sebagai salah satu sarana yang nantinya dapat digunakan bagi pelaku usaha di Siwindu Maju Kabeh dalam memasarkan produk. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu observasi, pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM dan evaluasi serta monitoring. Dalam kegiatan PKM ini antusias peserta sangat besar untuk mengetahui, memahami dan mempaktekkan penggunaan instagram sebagai sarana pemasaran secara online.  Hasil dari kegiatan ini yaitu meningkatnya pengetahuan peserta PkM mengenai instagram yang dapat digunakan sebagai media pemasaran.
Pelatihan Aplikasi Video Conference Google Hangouts Meet Pada Pengurus Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid (DKM) Darul Hikmah
Authors: Rahmawati Mari , Nurachim Rusma Insan , Supeno Wangsit , Lestari Ade Fitria
Published: November 2022

Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini, kami tertarik untuk memberikan pelatihan dengan tema, “Pelatihan Aplikasi Video Conference Google Hangouts Meet Pada Pengurus Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid (DKM) Darul Hikmah” secara daring melalui platform Zoom Cloud Meeting. Adapun tujuan dari pelatihan ini adalah agar pengurus DKM Darul Hikmah belajar beragam aplikasi meeting online dan video conference jarak jauh, kini hadir untuk memudahkan dalam menggelar rapat daring (online) dari rumah. Di era teknologi yang semakin canggih diperlukan media online yang dapat mempermudah aktivitas pertemuan dan acara-acara penting berkaitan dengan kegiatan masjid. Dalam hal ini pengurus Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid (DKM) dapat memanfaatkan aplikasi media online yang jumlahnya cukup banyak, di antaranya adalah Google Hangouts Meet. Berkaitan penggunaan aplikasi Google Hangouts Meet, maka pengurus DKM perlu untuk memahami fungsi dan cara penggunaannya, sehingga dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat berjalan dengan lancar.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Menggunakan Zahir Accounting Bagi Karyawan PT Idea Besar Komunika Jakarta
Authors: Hariyani Reni , Prasetio Tio , Martini Martini
Published: November 2022

Perangkat lunak akuntansi yang digunakan oleh perusahaan mengalami perkembangan pesat. Salah satunya adalah perangkat lunak Zahir Accounting. Zahir Accounting memiliki banyak fitur yang dapat membantu dalam proses penyusunan laporan keuangan menjadi lebih mudah, cepat dan akurat. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan karyawan Finance & Accounting Division PT Idea Besar Komunika Jakarta dalam menyusun laporan keuangan menggunakan Zahir Accounting. Permasalahan bagi mitra yaitu kendala dalam menentukan umur piutang usaha klien dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak rakitan di perusahaan. Sehingga tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian adalah untuk dapat memberikan pembekalan dan pengetahuan mengenai Zahir Accounting mengenai penyusunan laporan keuangan dan menggunakan fitur umur piutang yang ada dalam aplikasi. Dengan metode yang diberikan dalam pelatihan ini yaitu memberikan ceramah dan metode praktikum dalam mengoperasikan Zahir Accounting untuk menyusun laporan keuangan. Hasil dari pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan terprogram ini yaitu meningkatnya pemahaman materi secara teori akuntansi mengenai perusahaan jasa (sebesar 52%), peningkatan pemahaman praktik penggunaan Zahir Accounting (sebesar 72%), meningkatnya kemampuan penyusunan laporan keuangan perusahaan jasa (sebesar 47%), dan meningkatnya kemampuan dalam penyelesaian analisa umur piutang (sebesar 81%).
High Feed Rate Plasma Spraying of YSZ from Various Suspensions
Authors: Musalek R. , Medricky J. , Kotlan J. , Tesar T. , Lukac F. , Ctibor P. , Illkova K. , Chraska T.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings were prepared by plasma spraying of ready-to-spray suspensions provided by three different manufacturers. High-enthalpy hybrid water-argon plasma torch WSPH 500 was successfully used for deposition of coatings with porous and columnar microstructure consisting of tetragonal non-transformable phase. Sensitivity of the deposition process to variation of deposition conditions was also evaluated by the change of suspension injection point position. Slight differences in the microstructures of the deposited coatings (in particular character of porosity and mutual bonding of the microsplats) were reflected in slight but measurable differences in hardness and wear resistance of the coatings indicating changes in the coating cohesion. Tensile adhesion/cohesion strength of the coatings was found to be in the range of 9 to 15 MPa. High coating porosity desirable for low thermal conductivity combined with high suspension feed rate (from about 100 to 120 ml/min in this study) makes the WSP-H coatings promising for further development for example in thermal barrier coatings applications.
Transpiring Thermally Sprayed Alumina Layers with Integrated Fluid Flow Tubes
Authors: Rodriguez Diaz M. , Möhwald K. , Loftfield N. , Kästner M. , Reithmeier E. , Knigge S. , Glasmacher B. , Maier H. J.
Published: November 2022

Osteoarthritis in the hip or knee is one of the most common diseases in industrialized countries. The implantation of an endoprosthesis as a joint replacement represents the most effective way to treat serious pathological changes in these joints. The lifetime of an endoprosthesis can be shortened by aseptic inflammation and osteolysis. The main cause for the aseptic inflammations, osteolysis, and thus, the failure of the endoprostheses are abrasion particles of the acetabular cup inlays that are caused by the tribological load of the prosthesis. This research project aims at developing coatings with enhanced tribological behaviour for endoprostheses by an active hydrodynamic lubrication of the joint with synovial fluid. In addition, biocompatibility, as well as the increase of the strength under static and cyclic loading need be realized. In the current approach, a deterministic fluid flow tube structure is formed in a thermally sprayed alumina layer by the introduction of a leachable placeholder. This tube structure allows the transverse transport of the synovial fluid through the alumina layer. Furthermore the synovial fluid can be transported into the lubricating gap of the sliding surfaces by leaving the alumina layer through the porous surface. First results will be presented and the ramifications in correlation to applications will be discussed.
Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of HVOF Thermal Sprayed WC-Cermet Coatings
Authors: Kanno A. , Takagi K. , Arai M.
Published: November 2022

Cavitation erosion (CE) damage, which occurs in the main parts (made of high chromium cast steel) of hydroelectric power generation machine, is one of the serious problems. It is expected that life time of those parts would be prolonged if the suitable CE-resistant coating is applied on the surface of the cast steel. In this study, WC-cermet coatings (WC-CoCr and WC-Cr3C2-Ni), which were fabricated by high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying process, was interested in protecting CE attack to the cast steel. To clarify CE property of the WC-cermet coatings, the ultrasonic vibration tests were conducted, and the amount of volume loss characterized as CE damage was measured. The microstructure and the fracture toughness, which was evaluated by the indentation test method, of the coatings were related with the CE damage. As the results obtained in this study, the fragment which was spalled from the surface after CE test was almost flake-like shape, and its size was from 2µm to 50µm. SEM observation indicated that this fragment included both WC particle and metal binder, which means that WC particle and metal binder was still strongly bonded together. It was also confirmed that the amount of volume loss could relate directly with the fracture toughness KIC rather than Vickers hardness. It was considered that CE damage was progressed into the depth by throwing out the fragment originated from micro crack initiation. Thus, it was required that the CE resistance of the developed coatings could be labelled through the fracture toughness.
SPS Coating Microstructure Controlled by the Surface Topography Using Laser Texturing
Authors: Kromer R. , Sokołowski P. , Candidato R. T. , Costil S. , Pawłowski L.
Published: November 2022

Thermal barrier coatings (TBC‘s) being produced at present either by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) or electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB PVD) are widely used in the hot-temperature sections of turbines to provide thermal and corrosion protections. An emerging technology of suspension plasma spraying has become interesting for the manufacturing of thermal barrier coatings thanks to the useful microstructure including columns similarly to the EB-PVD deposits associated with considerably lower price of production. A narrow window of optimal suspension plasma spraying (SPS) parameters remain an outstanding problem in creating the favorable microstructure. The recent studies demonstrated that the substrate roughness may play an important role in reaching columnar growth of the coatings. This study presents a follow up by showing how the substrate topography obtained by laser surface texturing may be controlled to create regular columnar structure thanks to. The laser generated peaks disposed regularly on the surface can promote columnar structure growth. The formulated suspensions were sprayed onto superalloy substrates coated with powder plasma sprayed bond coats. Optimized previously, plasma spray parameters were selected to generate columnar structures and to find out the influence of the suspension behavior on coating microstructures. The results indicate that columnar SPS coating microstructure can be controlled by optimizing the laser treatment parameters. The control of surface topography may be an important factor to improve the performances of TBC-SPS coatings.
Influence of Feedstock Powder Modification by Heat Treatments on the Properties of APS-Sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2 Coatings
Authors: Berger L.-M. , Vaßen R. , Sohn Y.J.
Published: November 2022

Aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) is a congruently melting compound in the binary Al2O3-TiO2 system, which decomposes below 1200 °C. Its properties (e.g. thermal conductivity, CTE) differ significantly from those of Al2O3 and TiO2. Thus it is of special interest to study the stability of Al2TiO5 in the spray process and its influence on the coating properties. A commercial fused and crushed Al2O3-40%TiO2 powder, which was found to be substoichiometric, was selected as the feedstock material for the experimental work, as the composition is close to stoichiometric Al2TiO5. Part of that powder was heat-treated in air at 1150° and 1500°C in order to vary the phase composition, while not influencing the particle size distribution and processability. The powders were analyzed by thermal analysis, XRD and FESEM including metallographically prepared cross sections. A powder having Al2TiO5 as the main phase was not possible to be prepared due to inhomogeneous distribution of Al and Ti in the original powder. Plasma spraying was performed with a TriplexPro-210 (Oerlikon Metco) using Ar-H2 and Ar-He plasma gas mixtures with 41 and 48 kW plasma power. Coatings were studied by XRD, SEM of metallographically prepared cross sections, and microhardness HV1. Moreover, the results show a clear influence of the Al2TiO5 content in the feedstock powder on the phase composition of the coatings.
Dry-Sliding Wear of Laser Clad Nickel Aluminide / Chromium Carbide Coatings Against Cast Iron
Authors: Bengtsson S. , Dizdar S. , Gong K.
Published: November 2022

The wear of piston rings in large marine two-stroke diesel engines is a major maintenance cost. Applying coatings with good oxidation, corrosion resistance and high temperature strength, can lower the total maintenance cost. In the past nickel aluminide with chromium carbide have been applied to pistons by thermal spraying. Using laser cladding a suitable microstructure can be formed while at the same time avoiding cracks and bonding issues. In this report powders and coatings were manufactured in order to be able to investigate the dry-sliding wear behavior. Material with three levels of carbides was atomized. Wear test samples were manufactured by laser cladding. The dry sliding wear-mechanism maps are generated by using block on ring test setup where coated blocks slide against cast iron rings. All alloys exhibited regions of plasticity-dominated wear and oxidational wear with a transition region in-between. The carbide-containing alloys showed lower friction and wear in comparison to the carbide free nickel aluminide alloy.
Lamellar Bonding Enhanced NiCr-Mo Coating with Comparable Erosion Resistance to Similar Bulk by Plasma-Spraying Shell-Core-Structured Powders
Authors: Tian J. , Wang Y. , Li C. , Yang G. , Li C.
Published: November 2022

NiCr-Mo composite coating was prepared by plasma spraying of shell-core-structured NiCr-Mo powders. The morphologies of the NiCr-Mo powders and microstructure of the corresponding NiCr-Mo coating were characterized by SEM. Furthermore, the erosion behavior of the NiCr-Mo coating at impact angles of both 30° and 90° was investigated, and was further compared with that of the Ni20Cr coating and the In-738 alloy bulk. Results showed that fully-dense and homogenous NiCr-Mo coating with excellent interface bonding and no pure Mo inclusions was obtained. Furthermore, the erosion test results showed that the erosion rate of the optimized NiCr-Mo coating is lower than that of NiCr coating at both impact angles. Moreover, the NiCr-Mo coating presented excellent erosion resistance which was comparable as that of In-738 alloy bulk, attributing to the fully-dense microstructure and metallurgical interface bonding within coating.
Thermal Spraying of Thin Metallic Coatings
Authors: Trenkle F. , Koehler R. , Winkelmann M. , Wuest F. , Luth J. , Hartmann S.
Published: November 2022

Metallic coatings can be produced easily with thermal spray and cold gas spray processes. However, when coating thicknesses below 50 μm are required for economical or technological reasons, the use of these well-established processes becomes more challenging. The company OBZ Innovation GmbH has developed spray processes that can produce metallic coatings with thicknesses of less than 20 μm. Such coatings are of interest for applications such as cold gas sprayed silver coatings with high purity and good electrical conductivity. Thinner sprayed coatings of such valuable materials have economic advantages, and the process may be competitive with commonly used thin film coating methods.
Nozzle-Internal Particle Velocity Measurements and Loading Effect on Particle Acceleration Inside a Cold Spray Nozzle
Authors: Meyer M. , Caruso F. , Lupoi R.
Published: November 2022

The advantages of the solid state deposition process Cold Spray (CS) over conventional spray technologies go hand in hand with the requirement of high and well-predictable particle velocities. The acceleration of particles primarily takes place within the CS-nozzle while measurements of their velocity are conducted downstream of its exit. Despite their essential value, these observations are limited, in that only the result of the acceleration can be evaluated, not the actual driving mechanisms themselves. Previous work has indicated that there is no conclusive understanding of these mechanisms, especially in cases of increasing particle loading. This study therefore presents a transparent rectangular CS-nozzle design (made out of quartz) for a low stagnation pressure regime. A novelty to the field of thermal spray is the first report of particle in-flight measurements within the CS-nozzle using Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) at varying particle loadings and pressure levels. It is found that particle velocities in the jet decrease with increasing particulate loading as the momentum exchange of the gas is enhanced, while in the subsonic flow region, the average velocity level increases due to particle-particle interactions with shallower axial velocity profiles. This effect is aggravated for higher working pressures, as energetic collisions cause increasing losses, depending on the number density of particles. This study forms the basis for a comprehensive nozzle-internal analysis.
Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Thermal Resistance of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Takahashi S. , Akoshima M. , Kanno A. , Suidzu T.
Published: November 2022

A method measuring the thermal conductivity and the interfacial thermal resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) which consist of metallic bond-coats (BCs) and ceramics top-coats (TCs) on superalloys was newly developed. It was based on the areal heat diffusion time method analysing the heat diffusion across multilayers. The developed method was experimentally verified using the BC and the TBC specimens coated by APS. It was found that there were the interfacial thermal resistance not only between the TC and the BC but also between the BC and the substrate. Furthermore, the thermal conductivities of the BC and the TC obtained from the BC and the TBC specimens by this method considering the interfacial thermal resistance were in good agreement with those measured from the free-standing specimen of each coating. Thus, it was confirmed that the newly developed method is effective to evaluate the thermal conductivity and the interfacial thermal resistance of the TBC.
Study of the Interface Strength and Residual Stresses Within Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coatings Involving LASAT (Laser Shock Adhesion Test)
Authors: Sapardanis H. , Guipont V. , Borit F. , Debray A. , Koster A. , Maurel V.
Published: November 2022

The study of both the interface strength and residual stresses within a plasma sprayed ceramic coating is of great interest which main purpose is a better understanding of the mechanical properties of metal/ceramic systems. In this work, experiments involving a LASAT facility (LASAT: Laser Shock adhesion test) were implemented in order to analyse the adhesion and the damaging behaviour (debonding and buckling) of alumina coatings onto Co-based alloy. Similar alumina coatings were deposited using same plasma parameters with various surface preparations: smooth or severe grit blasting, with and without pre-oxidation. The non-destructive analyses (Optical and IR imaging) of the buckled region after LASAT have allowed to compare and discuss the interface strength of the studied coated samples. Further discussion was carried out by analysing the blister, resulting from the release of residual stresses within the coating after LASAT. It was thus evidenced that the residual stress state is a key parameter on resulting adhesive properties. This explorating work suggests using the LASAT method to analyse the adhesion and residual stresses within thermal sprayings.
Multilayered Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings for High Temperature Gas Turbine Applications
Authors: Gupta M. , Markocsan N. , Rocchio-Heller R. , Liu J. , Li X. , Östergren L.
Published: November 2022

Improvement in the performance of thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs) is one of the key objectives for further development of gas turbine applications. The material most commonly used as TBC topcoat is yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ). However, the usage of YSZ is limited by the operating temperature range which in turn restricts the engine efficiency. Materials such as pyrochlores, perovskites, rare earth garnets, etc. are suitable candidates which could replace YSZ as they exhibit lower thermal conductivity and higher phase stability at elevated temperatures. The objective of this work was to investigate different multi-layered TBCs consisting of advanced topcoat materials fabricated by Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS). The investigated topcoat materials were YSZ, dysprosia stabilised zirconia, gadolinium zirconiate, cerium doped YSZ and yttria fully stabilised zirconia. All topcoats were deposited with TriplexPro-210 plasma spray gun and radial injection of suspension. Lifetime of these samples was examined by thermal cyclic fatigue and thermal shock testing. Microstructure analysis of as-sprayed and failed specimens was performed with scanning electron microscope. The failure mechanisms in each case have been discussed in this article. The results show that SPS could be a promising route to produce multilayered TBCs for high temperature applications.
Influence of the Surface Structure on the Adhesion Strength of ZnAl2 Coatings on Thermally Instable Polymers Printed by Means of Fused Layer Modelling (FLM)
Authors: Tillmann W. , Schaak C. , Bleicher K.
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques give access to completely new manufacturing processes. AM techniques using metals, ceramics, or plastics feedstock are predestined for lightweight construction and for components with complex shapes or internal functions. AM processing with plastics stands out due to the low density of polymers, a good process capability, and low initial costs. The properties of polymer components are extremely dependent on the utilized plastics and the reinforcements, e.g. in the form of fibres. Furthermore, coatings can improve the properties and enhance the possible range of applications for plastics. In the present study, PLA (polylactic acid) was printed utilizing Fused Layer Modeling (FLM). The surfaces of the PLA samples were directly structured with pits with different widths during printing. Subsequently, the surfaces were coated with ZnAl2 by means of Twin Wire Arc Spraying (TWAS). Adhesion tests meeting DIN EN 582 were conducted to measure the adhesion of the coating on the structured plastic surface. The results were compared to the adhesion of ZnAl2 coatings on grit blasted and as-built surfaces. Overall, the surface adhesion was significantly better for the samples with directly structured surfaces. Hence, a direct structuring of the surface during a 3D building process promises to be an outstanding possibility to prepare surfaces prior to coating processes.