bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical approach of team formation in the study of the collective
Authors: Melentyev Alexander , Isakov Evgeny , Storchevoy Nikolay , Tokarev Dmitry
Published: June 2021

Recently, in the practice and theory of management of general education systems, much attention has been paid to the formation and work with "teams” within a team of teachers. In the teaching environment, the concept of "team" is understood positively and is used very often, but not always in its direct meaning. By the thesis "teaching team" we mean a group of teachers who are prepared to achieve a common goal for the sake of joint activities and are responsible for the results obtained. Defining a group of teachers as a team does not mean creating it in reality, and the desire of management to force teachers to act as a team is not enough.
Digitalization of education and its impact on the teaching of foreign languages to students of technical universities
Authors: Shcherbakova Irina , Kovalchuk Nadezhda , Timashova Maria , Konkin Boris , Soprantsova Julia
Published: June 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of digitalization of education in the framework of teaching foreign languages to students of technical universities. On the basis of the theoretical study of the informative features of the digitalization processes in the field of education, the authors point out the basic components in the system of digital foreign language teaching for students of technical universities. The article also discusses a number of disadvantages and advantages of the social, psychological, organizational and pedagogical nature of this system, reflecting the relevance of the problem of digitalization of training procedures, as well as the absolute transition to distance learning in the current requirements of the development of higher education.
Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional and communicative competence of students of an agricultural university in the study of speech disciplines (from work experience)
Authors: Chernikova Natalia , Sidorova Inna , Melekhova Natalia , Fedotov Alexander
Published: June 2021

The definition of the concept of «communicative personality» is substantiated. It means the subject of speech, who is able to express his thoughts freely and competently, who knows the language norms, expressive means and stylistic resources of the literary language, who is able to create oral and written texts of different genres, to receive and analyze information from different sources, possessing communication technologies and the ability to use them effectively in professional and other communication situations. The definition of the concept of «professional ideal» is formulated. It implies the image of a highly qualified professional, which has developed in the mind of a student of a higher educational institution. The necessity of creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional and communicative competence of students of an agricultural university in the disciplines of the speech cycle has been proved. Among them are the following: the formation of the professional ideal of students as a personal, internal motivation for learning; a communicative-cognitive approach to the formation of a student's communicative personality; gradual formation of a communicative personality in the learning process.
Developing reflective competence of university students through network volunteering
Authors: Usheva Tatiana , Fedosova Irina , Tirskaya Oksana , Kazankova Elena , Byvaltseva Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The article describes the facilities of volunteering for students in social pedagogy and medicine during their professional training. Theoretical and methodological basis for developing students’ reflective competence, facilities for modeling it and implementing it at university through volunteering are considered. Successful development of reflective competence of students is viewed through volunteering and based on mastering the ways of social and professional behavior and new social roles. It is implemented in uneven-aged groups and depends on conscious choice of contents, forms, methods and means of training at university. That is what constitutes the concept of the research. The aim of the study is to develop, substantiate and implement theoretical and conceptual grounds for developing reflective competence of students in pedagogy and medicine at university through volunteering. The research experimentally proved the important role of volunteering in developing reflective competence of future specialists at university. It showed the correlation of characteristics of educational space at university and facilities for transferring effective reflective practices to volunteering. The results of the research indicate that developing reflective competence of future specialists through volunteering is a long process which should be specially organized. The aim of improving student’s reflective competence is personal and professional self-development. Based on the studied scientific literature, the authors revealed the characteristics of volunteering as a social and pedagogical phenomenon which had a positive influence on social and professional development of students.
Introduction of new professional standards in the education system of fire and rescue units of the ministry of emergency situations of Russia
Authors: Totsky D.V. , Davidenko A.S. , Borisova V.A. , Novozhilova K.A.
Published: June 2021

An analysis was made of the current requirements for the training of fire and technical experts and external pilots of the emergency and disaster response system. By the example of training forensic experts of forensic institutions and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service (fire extinguisher expert) the introduction of new professional standards into the educational system of this specialty was examined, on the basis of which the recommendations for modifying the educational program, in order to increase the quality of fire place examination were proposed. When extending the training program of the firefighting expert in the field of external piloting training, the trainee will additionally master professional competences in control and maintenance of unmanned aerial systems. Supplementing the training program for specialists of judicial-expert and expert subdivisions of the Federal Fire-Fighting Service of the State Fire-Fighting Service with labor functions in flight operation of unmanned aircraft systems, including one or more unmanned aircrafts, will allow the graduate of the educational organization to be awarded the qualification “External pilot”, which, in turn, will also improve the quality of the above-mentioned subdivisions.
Podcasts in the teaching media space
Authors: Basenko Gyulnara , Baskakova Victoria
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the podcasts in the learning media space. Modern educational technologies and the Internet resources have significantly expanded the possibilities of organizing the process of learning a foreign language. Podcasts as an innovative learning tool are an effective way of building socio-cultural and communicative skills. Podcasts are audio or video materials prepared by native speakers that are freely available on the Internet, available for download and reuse. The main difference between podcasts and television or radio is the ability to use them regardless of the specific time and place. The advantages of podcasts include their availability, variability, free choice, periodic updates, relevance, mobility.

The teaching media space offers, along with specialized educational podcasts, information, music, comedy podcasts, audiobooks, news in politics and sports, game channels. The main features of educational podcasts are: authenticity, relevance, multi functionality, multi-channel perception, mobility of the used technical means, productivity. Based on the analysis of various foreign language educational podcasts, 5 types were identified, classified by the content. Such podcasts can be recommended and successfully used not only in class, but also at home.

Using the theme “Food” as an example, the audio podcast RealLife English Podcast # 180: In the Kitchen (Cooking Expressions) aims to develop students’ auditory skills as well as communication skills using theme vocabulary in speech.

Thus, podcast technology has great potential for further development, especially in the context of the actualization of distance learning.
Transformation in Russian adult additional education
Authors: Abraukhova Valentina , Zimovetc Anastasija
Published: June 2021

The present work considers the development of adult education in Russia from the elimination of illiteracy from the late 19th -early 20th centuries to the use of information and communication technologies at the beginning of the 21st century. The aim of the article is to consider the stages of development of adult education and to determine at the stages of development the most sought-after educational areas and technologies in additional adult education. In this work, differences in the process of teaching children and adults are considered, an excursion is made into the history of the formation of adult education in Russia. A modern picture of additional adult education is given. Based on the studies, the authors conclude that for adults the most sought-after educational field is the study of a foreign language using remote technologies.
The importance of outdoor lessons for students
Authors: Zinchenko V. P.
Published: June 2021

In the article, we consider the problems of teaching painting to students of art specialties in plein air practice. Based on a historical study of the stages of development and formation of landscape as an independent genre in the fine arts, the specifics, and features of teaching the art of painting in the open air are determined. The definition of the concept “Motif in the fine arts” is being clarified. The dependence of the format of practical tasks and stages of work on a pictorial etude on the goals and objectives of teaching painting in the plein air is established. Research methods: analysis of literature on the research problem (art history, theory, and methods of teaching fine arts, etc.); student work performed in plein air practice; works of famous artists; survey of students and teachers. The results of the research can be used in the process of teaching painting to bachelors, masters, and specialists in the field of painting, graphics, design, architecture.
The cognitive aspect of translation as the reflection of the digital transformation in the modern world
Authors: Masalova Marina , Shelkovnikova Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The paper aims at considering the peculiarities of the translation process in the period of digital transformation, revealing the trends and identifying the algorithms of the models that facilitate the qualitative translation. The authors state that translation is the process that undergoes the influence of both linguistic and social factors. In the new century the transformation of the translation paradigm can determine the system of qualitative translation content. The digital translation is seen through the cognitive aspect under the conditions of the transformed requirements on the modern period of development. The cognitive model of comprehension, including the text representation and its realization through situational models, background information and individual factors, is determined. The types of comprehension such as semantic, cognitive and extra linguistic are identified as well as their impact on the quality of digital translation. The positive sides of the digital transformation include the widening of the individual communicative opportunities, increasing access to the communicative resources, stimulating the cognitive activity and the translator’s work simplification. The authors suggest the algorithm for the development of the specialized computer environment possessing translation skills.
Pragmatic function of terminology and the dual nature of economic concepts
Authors: Korobka Pavel
Published: June 2021

The paper presents a new way of considering the pragmatic function of economic terms based on the understanding of the concepts rendered by them as having dual – descriptive and simultaneously prescriptive character, prescription being linguistically realized as a pragmatic function. With this in mind a brief survey of philosophical works giving axiological analysis of scientific definitions characteristic of economics as a social science is made. It is shown that a set of economic terms specific for a particular school of thought or a socio-economic situation do not only or sometimes even so much reflect actual economic reality as give the latter a direction through the pragmatic function they are meant to fulfill. The pragmatic aspect of the terms’ meaning is realized at different levels having linguistic relevance, its exponents being incorporated into an intricate system of interrelations and associations. Thus the paper offers an approach along the lines of which – if applied to further investigations - there may be gained a deeper insight into the idiosyncratic processes underlying the cognitive and regulatory functions of the terminology belonging to the sphere of economics.
Digitalization and study of graphic disciplines in English: current state and prospects
Authors: Fisunova Elena
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the possibility of effective use of various software in the study of graphic disciplines in English in order to compare the quality of classical teaching and learning using various graphic packages in the study of geometric-graphic disciplines in English and its convergence with science. The ways of using graphic editors for training specialists in various industries are described. The teaching methodology is considered, which allows a creative approach to the implementation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The article describes the use of various software products in the modernized laboratories of “Computer prototyping and reverse engineering of high complexity.” In this regard, the study of digitalization of graphic education in English and its social consequences seems to be a very relevant area of research.
Using Mind Maps to motivate the digital generation of students to learn foreign languages
Authors: Odaryuk Irina
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to study the possibilities of using mind-mapping technology in modern conditions of digital transformation of the educational process to develop students’ motivation to learn foreign languages. The research methods are the method of static description of the material, analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific information, and experiment. As a result, it was proved that the use of this technology in teaching foreign languages facilitates memorization of lexical material, promotes the development of speech skills, and makes the learning process exciting. It was found that in the course of creation of Mind Maps, students with a high level of digital skills are more successful in overcoming the language barrier, striving to expand the semantic components of Mind Maps. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the students’ preferences on the choice of methods of learning foreign languages were studied. To pioneer the use of the method, the study was carried out on special German texts, which were studied by the students by means of two methods (traditional and mind-mapping technology).
Overcoming educational barrier as social exclusion descension in the way of life of rural youth
Authors: Kuzhelev Maxim
Published: June 2021

The article deals with highlighting various viewpoints upon the nature and definition of the phenomenon of «social exclusion». Though the author stresses the main accent on the exclusion in the way of life of Russian rural youth, numerous aspects of exclusion impact on different social groups of people in the world have been taken into account. The author makes an attempt to formulate his own terminology on «social exclusion» based on complex application of scientific approaches. The key issue of «social exclusion» arise lies thorough investigation of various social and economic barriers which occur on the way of Russian rural youth to society integration. The outcome of this process results in reduction of life claims within the young people community and deprived socialization. This may lead in the future to insufficient social role acquiring and descending mobility.
Untersuchungen zur automatisierten Isoflurannarkose bei der Saugferkelkastration
Authors: Härtel Helena , Gumbert Sophie , Rauh Anna , Beisl Marina , Schulz Jochen , Kempf Katrin , Senf Steffanie , Winner Eva , Weiß Christine , Nüßlein Andreas , Zablotski Yury , Ritzmann Mathias , Zöls Susanne
Published: June 2021

Ziel Untersuchung von Abwehrreaktionen, Ferkelverlusten und Aufwachphase unter automatisierter Isoflurannarkose kastrierter Saugferkel, Erhebung von Isoflurankonzentrationen in der Umgebung sowie des Erfolgs von Reinigung und Desinfektion der Narkosemasken.

Material und Methoden Insgesamt 955 männliche Saugferkel (Alter 4,0 ± 1,2 Tage; Gewicht 2,0 ± 0,5 kg) aus 5 Abferkeldurchgängen (DG) wurden nach Applikation eines nicht steroidalen Antiphlogistikums unter Isoflurannarkose (PorcAnest 3000®) kastriert. Zur Beurteilung von Reaktionen der Tiere dienten der Zwischenklauenreflex vor sowie Abwehrbewegungen und Lautäußerungen während der Kastration. Die Aufwachphase wurde im Stallgang (DG 1) bzw. in der Abferkelbucht (DG 4–5) evaluiert. Bei 73 Tieren wurde der Samenstrang mit dem Skalpell abgesetzt und Nachblutungen visuell überprüft. Isofluranmessungen fanden an verschiedenen Lokalisationen statt. Die Narkosemasken wurden vor und nach der Anwendung sowie nach Desinfektion auf Gesamtkeimbelastung und Indikatorkeime untersucht.

Ergebnisse Bei der Kastration wiesen 94,3 % der Saugferkel nach der Einleitungszeit von 90 Sekunden und 95,3 % der Ferkel mit vorheriger Testung des Zwischenklauenreflexes und gegebenenfalls Verlängerung der Isofluranzufuhr keine oder nur eine kurze Abwehrbewegung auf. Bei 0,9 % der Ferkel trat ein Narkosezwischenfall auf, kein Tier verendete. Die Aufwachphase dauerte 7,3 ± 4,7 Minuten (DG 1) bzw. 6,2 ± 3,3 Minuten (DG 4–5). Das Absetzen des Samenstrangs mittels Skalpells führte zu einem höheren Nachblutungsscore (p < 0,001) als die Anwendung des Emaskulators. Die Isoflurankonzentrationen in der Umgebungsluft lagen zwischen 4,5 und 28,1 mg/m3. Die Maskendesinfektion reduzierte die Gesamtkeimzahl um 99,8 %. Kontaminationen mit Escherichia coli und MRSA waren in 4 von 6 Fällen nach Desinfektion nicht mehr nachweisbar.

Schlussfolgerung Die Isoflurannarkose führte bei über 94 % der Ferkel zu keiner bzw. einer geringgradigen Abwehrreaktion während der Kastration. Narkosezwischenfälle waren selten und hatten keine vermehrten Ferkelverluste zur Folge. Somit ist die automatisierte Isoflurannarkose bei sorgfältiger Anwendung mit einem geringen Risiko für die Saugferkel verbunden. Die Isoflurankonzentration in der Atemluft der beteiligten Personen lag unter dem international niedrigsten Grenzwert. Die Desinfektion der Narkosemasken könnte eine Keimübertragung zwischen Tiergruppen über diesen potenziellen Vektor verhindern.
Cannabis use of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Germany: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Neufeld Tanja , Pfuhlmann Katrin , Stock-Schröer Beate , Kairey Lana , Bauer Nina , Häuser Winfried , Langhorst Jost
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims Progressive legalization and increasing utilization of medical cannabis open up potential new applications, including for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to collect current figures on the use of and experience with cannabis among IBD patients in Germany.

Methods A 71-item questionnaire was mailed to a randomly selected representative sample of 1000 IBD patients.

Results Questionnaires were returned by 417 patients (mean age 49.1 ± 17.0 years; 55.8 % women; 43.4 % ulcerative colitis and 54.7 % Crohn’s disease). Seventy-three respondents (17.5 %) stated past cannabis use for recreational purposes, while 12 users mentioned usage at the time the questionnaire was completed (2.9 %). Seventeen patients (4.1 %) indicated past use of cannabis, and 18 participants (4.3 %) reported current use of cannabis to treat IBD. Perceived benefits of cannabis use by its users included reduced abdominal pain, improved sleep quality, and relief of unease and worry. They reported lower quality of life and higher levels of anxiety or depression than non-users. Of notice, 52.9 % of cannabis users obtained their cannabis from the black market. A total of 76.5 % of former and 50 % of current users did not report their cannabis use to the physician.

Conclusion This survey reveals the largest data set on cannabis use among IBD patients in Germany, with the potential for further research. Cannabis is mainly procured from the black market, with unknown quality.
OCT Application for Sterile Corneal Graft Screening in the Eye Bank
Authors: Quintin Adrien , Hamon Loïc , Mäurer Stephanie , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective Sterile donor tomography enables the detection of corneal tissues with refractive anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the curvature and thickness of donor corneas to support proper selection in the eye bank.

Methods 704 donor corneas (Klaus Faber Center, LIONS Eye Bank Saar-Lor-Lux, Trier/Westpfalz, in Homburg/Saar) were measured using the anterior segment optical coherence tomograph (AS-OCT) CASIA 2 (Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan). The corneoscleral discs were measured in their cell culture flask, which was positioned in a holder on the chin rest of the AS-OCT, after conversion to medium II (with 6% dextran T-500). The measured raw data were analysed and processed in MATLAB (MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA), after which the refractive power of the steep and flat meridian at the anterior and posterior surface and the central corneal thickness (CCT) of the donor corneas were determined. Results values are expressed as mean x̅ ± standard deviation SD.

Results The mean refractive power of the steep/flat meridian at the anterior surface was 45.4 ± 1.8 D/44.0 ± 1.3 D, the corresponding values for the posterior surface were − 6.2 ± 0.3 D/− 5.9 ± 0.2 D, and the mean CCT was 616.3 ± 85.1 µm. Of the 704 (100%) measured donor tissues, 590 (83.8%)/670 (95.2%) donor corneas showed no anomaly beyond respectively x̅ ± 2 SD/x̅ ± 3 SD among the 5 examined parameters. 72 (10.3%)/23 (3.3%) donor corneas had only 1 anomaly, 26 (3.7%)/10 (1.4%) had 2 anomalies, 10 (1.4%)/1 (0.1%), 3 anomalies, 5 (0.7%)/0 (0.0%), 4 anomalies, and 1 (0.1%)/0 (0.0%), 5 anomalies.

Conclusions AS-OCT provides an objective and sterile screening method to identify corneal tissues with curvature anomalies in order to further optimise donor selection in the eye bank. To avoid postoperative refractive surprises, donor corneas with a total refractive power that deviates > ± 3 SD from the mean should not be used for penetrating or anterior lamellar keratoplasty, but may be suitable for posterior lamellar keratoplasty (DMEK or DSAEK). In the future, sterile donor tomography could enable: (1) the harmonisation of donor and recipient tomography, which may minimise residual astigmatism for a particular donor-recipient pair; and (2) the improvement of IOL power calculation in a classical triple procedure by means of regression analysis between pre- and postoperative total refractive power of corneal grafts.
Reversible linksventrikuläre Muskelhypertrophie und Herzversagen durch vermutete Myokarditis bei einer Katze im Zuge einer FLUTD
Authors: Sinzinger Sonja
Published: June 2021

Ein 2,5-jähriger, kastrierter Europäisch-Kurzhaar-Kater, der 8 Tage zuvor wegen einer FLUTD behandelt worden war, wurde nachts aufgrund Apathie und Anorexie vorgestellt. Röntgenaufnahmen, EKG, Blutdruckmessung und Echokardiografie ergaben linksventrikuläres kongestives Herzversagen, linksventrikuläre konzentrische Muskelhypertrophie, Vorhofstauung links, fortgeschrittene diastolische Dysfunktion, Hypotension und vagotonusabhängige Sinusbradykardie mit AV-Block 1. Grades und Rechtsschenkelblock. NT-ProBNP- und Troponin-I-Konzentrationen waren stark erhöht (NT-ProBNP > 1500 pmol/l, Troponin I 32,87 ng/ml). Die Verdachtsdiagnose lautete akute Myokarditis. Die PCR auf Bartonella henselae verlief negativ, für Toxoplasma gondii wurden ein negativer IgM- und ein IgG-Antikörpertiter von 1:32 (Referenzbereich < 1:32) bestimmt, eine spätere Kontrolle des IgG-Titers lieferte einen negativen Befund. FeLV- und FIV-Schnelltest waren negativ. Ein Test auf Coronavirus erfolgte nicht, da die Katze geimpft war. Eine metastatische Infektion von dem zuvor aus dem Harn isolierten Keim Proteus mirabilis erschien möglich. In Erwägung gezogen wurde auch eine Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion auf Medikamente oder eine stressinduzierte Myokarditis. Die Katze wurde stationär mit Furosemid (initial und später im Verlauf), Theophyllin initial, Dauertropfinfusion von Ringer-Laktat-Lösung, Pimobendan und Zusatz von Enrofloxacin zur bestehenden Gabe von Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure behandelt. Nach 4 Tagen zeigte der Patient ein gutes Allgemeinbefinden und einen Blutdruck im Referenzbereich. Die linksventrikuläre Muskelhypertrophie war rückläufig, die diastolische Dysfunktion und die Vorhofstauung hielten an. Im Verlauf von 8 Wochen normalisierten sich die echokardiografischen Befunde und die Herzmarker weitestgehend. Alle Medikamente konnten sukzessive abgesetzt werden. Bei der Abschlussuntersuchung nach 7 Monaten ließen sich keine kardialen Veränderungen mehr nachweisen.
Semiquantitative Criteria in the Eye Bank That Correlate with Cornea Guttata in Donor Corneas
Authors: Safi Tarek , Daas Loay , Kiefer Gian-Luca , Sharma Mansi , Ndiaye Alassane , Deru Matthieu , Alexandersson Jan , Seitz Berthold
Published: June 2021

Background Cornea guttata may not be recognized in the eye bank and recent studies have displayed that guttae are transplanted in about 15% of cases in varying severities. The purpose of this study was to establish semiquantitative criteria for the detection of cornea guttata in donor corneas in the eye bank.

Methods In this retrospective cohort study, preoperative endothelial pictures of donor corneas were collected and classified according to the post-penetrating keratoplasty cornea guttata grade into three distinct groups: group 1 consists of healthy corneas with no guttae (guttata grade 0); group 2 constitutes corneas with mild asymptomatic cornea guttata (guttata grade +); and group 3 comprises corneas with advanced widespread cornea guttata (guttata grade ++/+++/++++). The preoperative pictures of each group were then individually analyzed using the following five semiquantitative criteria: The number and the area of the cell-depleted surfaces, the presence of less than 50% of the cells having a hexagonal or a circular shape, the presence of cell membrane defects and interruptions, the presence of blebs in the cell membrane, and the presence of groups of cells with a distinct whitish color.

Results In total, 262 patients were included in this study, with a total number of 1582 preoperative donor corneal endothelial pictures. Out of those pictures, groups 1, 2, and 3 encompassed 995 (62.9%), 411 (26.0%), and 176 (11.1%) pictures, respectively. Three out of the five eye bank criteria were found to correlate with postoperative cornea guttata with a highly significant p value of < 0.001. These three criteria are the presence of less than 50% of the cells having a hexagonal or a circular shape, the presence of cell membrane defects and interruptions and, the presence of blebs. The presence of groups of cells with a distinct whitish color was only a weak predictive factor for cornea guttata (p = 0.069). There was no statistically significant correlation between the number and the area of cell-depleted surfaces and postoperative cornea guttata with a p = 0.181.

Conclusion Three semiquantitative criteria that can be detected in the eye bank using inverted light microscopy seem to correlate with postoperative cornea guttata: The presence of blebs, the presence of cell membrane defects and interruptions, as well as endothelial pictures with less than 50% of the cells having a hexagonal of circular shape. The presence of groups of cells with a distinct whitish color appears to be a weak predictor of cornea guttata.
Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression. II: Evidence from Clinical Trials
Authors: Moragrega Inés , Ríos José Luis
Published: June 2021

Depression is a syndrome characterized by deep sadness and the inhibition of psychic functions, sometimes accompanied by neurovegetative disorders, with symptoms of anxiety almost always present. The disease produces alterations in a variety of neural networks and neurotransmission systems, along with a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which leads to concomitant alterations in the immunological response. Generally, there is a parallel increase in proinflammatory mediators as well as oxidative and nitrosative damage caused by a reduction of antioxidant defenses. In a previous review, we compiled and examined studies of medicinal plants that had been evaluated in preclinical assays, including existing data on 155 species studied and reported as antidepressants or as sources of active principles for treating this condition. This review will thus limit its focus to the 95 clinical trials found in PubMed among the 670 articles on antidepressant-like
medicinal plants. To this end, we have reviewed the publications cited in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and the Science Citation Index from 2000 to 2020. Our review emphasizes those species that have demonstrated the greatest pharmacological potential when studied for their antidepressant properties in humans through clinical trials. Saffron, turmeric, St. Johnʼs wort, ginkgo, kava, and golden root are the most relevant plants that have provided important evidence for the treatment of depression in clinical trials.
Der Einfluss des Kapseldefektes als Risikofaktor für die Rezidivbildung beim pleomorphen Adenom der Glandula parotidea
Authors: Buchta Peter , Thimsen Vivian , Iro Ann-Kristin , Agaimy Abbas , Iro Heinrich , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, verschiedene Aspekte des Kapseldefekts eines pleomorphen Adenoms zu beleuchten und den Einfluss dieses Faktors mithilfe der vorliegenden Daten und der relevanten Literatur auf das Rezidivrisiko zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Analyse aller Patienten, welche zwischen 2005 und 2020 bei einem pleomorphen Adenom der Glandula parotidea behandelt wurden. Es erfolgte eine erneute histopathologische Untersuchung der Paraffinblöcke aller Fälle sowie eine Analyse der patientenbezogenen Daten, des Ausmaßes des primären operativen Eingriffs und des Rezidivrisikos. Die Nachsorgeuntersuchung erfolgte im Sinne einer klinischen und sonografischen Untersuchung.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 845 Patienten in einer Datenbank erfasst. Hierunter fanden sich 7 (0,8 %) Rezidive, jedoch alle bei „in sano“ resezierten Tumoren. Positive Ränder zeigten sich in 37 Fällen (4,4 %). Bei 13 der 37 Fälle war dies intraoperativ festgestellt worden, wohingegen der Defekt bei 24 der 37 Fälle erst histopathologisch identifiziert wurde. Bei den 13 Fällen der makroskopischen Tumoreröffnung wurde in 2 Fällen bei der sonografischen Untersuchung der Verdacht auf ein unilokuläres Rezidiv des pleomorphen Adenoms gestellt, welches zunächst sonografisch kontrolliert wurde.

Schlussfolgerung Die positiven Ränder beim parotidealen pleomorphen Adenom scheinen nicht zwangsläufig zum vorprogrammierten Rezidiv zu führen.
Recent Advances in the Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Yu Xinhui , Zhang Ting , Liu Jitian , Li Xiaoxun
Published: June 2021

Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation (DAAA) provides an efficient and powerful strategy to construct quaternary stereocenters, which are widely present in biologically active natural products and approved drugs. In this short review, we summarize recent developments (since 2018) in the facile synthesis of quaternary stereocenters via DAAA methods. Several representative examples of the use of DAAA strategies for the total synthesis of complex natural products further demonstrate its synthetic potential in the realm of organic and medicinal chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Palladium Catalyzed DAAA

3 Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters via Pd-Catalyzed Interceptive DAAA

4 Application of DAAA in Natural Product Synthesis

5 Conclusion
DABCO-Promoted [3+2] Annulation for Efficient Synthesis of 1,2,5-Triaryl-1H-imidazoles from Substituted β-Nitrostyrenes and N-Arylbenzimidamides
Authors: Wang Cunde , Zhang Yue , Wan Xinyi , Gan Jianbo
Published: June 2021

An efficient approach to the synthesis of 1,2,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives was investigated via a DABCO-promoted formal [3+2]-annulation reaction of substituted N-arylbenzimidamides and substituted β-nitrostyrenes. The annulation reaction is implemented easily to afford the corresponding products in moderate to good yields with excellent regioselectivity.
Elemental Sulfur Mediated Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 1-(2-Nitroaryl)pyrroles
Authors: Nguyen Tung T. , Phan Nam T. S. , Ho Tuan H. , Phan Nhu T. A. , Ho Thuyen T. C. , Tran Duyen L. M.
Published: June 2021

Methods to afford pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines often require the use of prefunctionalized aniline precursors, transition metals, and/or harsh conditions. Herein we describe a simple coupling of 1-(2-nitroaryl)pyrroles and arylacetic acids, in the presence of elemental sulfur, to furnish the fused heterocycles in good yields. The conditions are compatible with many functionalities including ester, nitrile, halogen, and nitro groups. Use of benzyl alcohols and picoline coupling reagents was also attempted.
Prostatic Artery Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Anatomical Aspects and Radiation Considerations from a Case Series of 210 Patients
Authors: Shaker Mohamed , Hashem Essam , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Okba Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Context Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has been established as a safe and effective treatment option for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Thorough knowledge of detailed prostatic artery (PA) anatomy is essential.

Aims The aim of this study was to provide a pictorial review of PA anatomy and prevalence of related anatomical variants, in addition to other anatomical and radiation dose considerations.

Settings and Design Case series and review of literature.

Materials and Methods We performed PAE for 210 patients from November 2015 to November 2020 under local anesthesia only. Anatomy, procedure duration, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, technical success, and complications were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Used Descriptive statistics were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software.

Results A total of 210 patients (420 sides) were analyzed. Double arterial supply on the same side was noted in 12 patients (5.7%). In 10 patients (4.7%), only a unilateral PA was identified. In two patients (0.9%), no PA could be identified. Frequencies of PA origins were calculated. Penile, rectal, and vesical anastomoses were identified with 79 (18.8%), 54 (12.9%), and 41 (9.8%) of PAs, respectively. Median skin radiation dose, procedure time, and fluoroscopy time were 505 mGy, 73 and 38 minutes, respectively. Complications occurred in nine patients (4.3%), none of them was major.

Conclusions Knowledge of PA anatomy is essential when treating BPH by PAE for optimum results. There is no enough evidence to support routine use of preoperative computed tomography angiography and intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography as means of improving safety or efficacy.
Postauricular Tubed Flap in the Reconstruction of Auricular Margin Defects: Revisited
Authors: Sinha Aparna , Baranwal Shilpi , Babu Vaddi Suman , Jha Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2021

Background Reconstruction of the auricular margin defects is challenging due to the ear’s intricate architecture. Tubed flap raised from the postauricular area is a simple and reliable option for reconstructing marginal defects.

Methods Eight patients with various auricular margin defects were reconstructed, using a postauricular tubed flap in a staged manner. Parameters like flap survival, reliability, complications, and cosmesis were assessed.

Results Out of eight patients, one patient had marginal necrosis, which was managed with debridement and lengthening of the flap. All the flaps settled well with a good aesthetic outcome.

Conclusion Postauricular tubed flap is a reliable and efficient method for reconstructing auricular margin defects.
Improving the SAFT-γ Mie equation of state to account for functional group interactions in a structural (s-SAFT-γ Mie) framework: Linear and branched alkanes
Authors: Shaahmadi Fariborz , Hurter Ruan M. , Burger Andries J. , Cripwell Jamie T.
Published: June 2021

The group contribution SAFT-γ Mie EoS is based on the statistical associating fluid theory for fused heteronuclear molecules. While the chain term of the model has been modified to account for the new functional group-specific parameters, it does not impose a bonding order to these functional groups, only considering intergroup interactions in the monomer reference fluid. This leaves the model unable to account for the different physical properties of structural isomers and implicitly introducing modeling bias to species where the molecular structure mimics those used in the parameter regression. In this work, a simple but physically meaningful modification to the chain term in SAFT-γ Mie is proposed that accounts for the number of intergroup bonds, thereby encoding structural information in the model, without introducing an additional regressed parameter. The resulting structural SAFT-γ Mie (s-SAFT-γ Mie) requires reparameterization of the group parameters, which we present for linear and branched alkanes (CH3, CH2, CH, and C groups) here. Following an identical parameterization procedure to the original model, validation showed that the modification actually improves prediction accuracy for linear alkanes while addressing the original inability of the framework to distinguish between structural isomers. The good predictive performance seen in this work, for both pure component and mixture properties, lays a good foundation for expansion to other functional groups in future work.
Synthetic trees for enhanced solar evaporation and water harvesting
Authors: Eyegheleme Ndidi L. , Shi Weiwei , De Koninck Lance H. , O'Brien Julia L. , Boreyko Jonathan B.
Published: June 2021

Solar steam generation from a porous evaporator is a promising approach for harvesting fresh water. Parasitic heat loss can be reduced by using a 3D evaporator that extends above the free surface; however, capillary rise constrains the height of such structures to a centimeter scale. Here, we demonstrate solar steam generation from a synthetic tree, which uses transpiration instead of capillary rise to pump water up insulating tubes of any desired height. A nanoporous ceramic disk coated with graphite was used for the synthetic leaf, which was attached to the upper end of a vertical array of plastic tubes. Using a solar still, it was observed that the synthetic tree harvested approximately three times more condensed water than an equivalent bulk reservoir.
Enhanced spin–orbit torque efficiency and neuron-like behaviors in ferrimagnet/heavy-metal heterostructure
Authors: Xu Yaohan , Tong Shucheng , Lu Jun , Wei Dahai , Zhao Jianhua
Published: June 2021

Compensated ferrimagnetic materials such as Co–Tb and Co–Gd have been confirmed to have significant spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency. However, the large coercivity and a relatively small spin-mixing conductance may hinder the applications of the near compensated ferrimagnets. In this work, we investigate the SOT effect and its potential applications in Ta/Co–Tb/Pt heterostructures. Based on a Co-rich ferrimagnetic alloy, we obtain a significant SOT switching efficiency of 15 ± 1 (10−6 Oe cm2/A) and a considerable effective spin Hall angle of θeff=0.270 ± 0.005. Using harmonic Hall measurement, the temperature dependence of the damping-like effective field has been extracted. The SOT efficiency scales linearly with 1/Ms in the high-temperature range but significantly deviates from this linear scaling law at a lower temperature, which is near the compensation point. In the Tb rich Ta/Co–Tb/Pt SOT device, we demonstrate the functionality of a neuron and the dependence of firing possibility on the intensity of coming stimulus, which is mimicked by the SOT switching dynamics in the ferrimagnetic Co–Tb alloy.
Liquid structure and dynamics in the choline acetate:urea 1:2 deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Triolo Alessandro , Di Pietro Maria Enrica , Mele Andrea , Lo Celso Fabrizio , Brehm Martin , Di Lisio Valerio , Martinelli Andrea , Chater Philip , Russina Olga
Published: June 2021

We report on the thermodynamic, structural, and dynamic properties of a recently proposed deep eutectic solvent, formed by choline acetate (ChAc) and urea (U) at the stoichiometric ratio 1:2, hereinafter indicated as ChAc:U. Although the crystalline phase melts at 36–38 °C depending on the heating rate, ChAc:U can be easily supercooled at sub-ambient conditions, thus maintaining at the liquid state, with a glass–liquid transition at about −50 °C. Synchrotron high energy x-ray scattering experiments provide the experimental data for supporting a reverse Monte Carlo analysis to extract structural information at the atomistic level. This exploration of the liquid structure of ChAc:U reveals the major role played by hydrogen bonding in determining interspecies correlations: both acetate and urea are strong hydrogen bond acceptor sites, while both choline hydroxyl and urea act as HB donors. All ChAc:U moieties are involved in mutual interactions, with acetate and urea strongly interacting through hydrogen bonding, while choline being mostly involved in van der Waals mediated interactions. Such a structural situation is mirrored by the dynamic evidences obtained by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, which show how urea and acetate species experience higher translational activation energy than choline, fingerprinting their stronger commitments into the extended hydrogen bonding network established in ChAc:U.
Global existence and exponential decay of strong solutions for 2D nonhomogeneous micropolar fluids with density-dependent viscosity
Authors: Liu Lingxi , Zhong Xin
Published: June 2021

We study an initial boundary value problem of two-dimensional nonhomogeneous micropolar fluid equations with density-dependent viscosity and non-negative density. Applying the Desjardins interpolation inequality and delicate energy estimates, we show the global existence of a unique strong solution under the condition that ‖∇μ(ρ0)‖Lq is suitably small. Moreover, we prove that the velocity and the micro-rotational velocity converge exponentially to zero in H2 as time goes to infinity.
Strain modulation for enhancing Cu–Zn ordering in CZTS absorber layer using seed layer assisted growth for efficient carrier transport
Authors: Kaur Kulwinder , Ghosh Anupam , Nisika  , Kumar Mukesh
Published: June 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells suffer from lower power conversion efficiency relative to its fellow copper indium gallium selenide thin-film technology, which have been asserted on the existence of non-stoichiometry and high degree of Cu–Zn disorder. Huge disparity among the lattice constants of Mo and CZTS is one of the causes of inducing strain in the film, which often creates defects in the CZTS structure. This work focused on investigating the effect of strain modulation using seed layer (SL) assisted growth on the structural and optoelectronic properties of CZTS films. The results indicate that SL growth of CZTS reduces strain in the film and improves the crystallinity and overall quality of the CZTS absorber, as indicated by SEM and x-ray diffraction studies. Raman shifts to higher wavenumber and photoluminescence (PL) energy shift corresponding to dominant band-to-band transition in SL CZTS correlate perfectly with the high value of order parameter. Bandgap enhancement and reduction in the Urbach energy of SL CZTS implicate higher ordering (reduction in Cu–Zn disorder) due to strain modulation. Consequently, substantial improvement from 2.13 to 13.5 cm2/V s in hole mobility is achieved. Finally, the faster response of the photodetector based on SL CZTS compared to without SL growth supports all the findings. Our results imply that SL assisted growth of CZTS could be critical to obtain a high-quality CZTS absorber layer.
On pollen and airborne virus transmission
Authors: Dbouk Talib , Drikakis Dimitris
Published: June 2021

This study investigates how airborne pollen pellets (or grains) can cause severe respiratory-related problems in humans. Given that pollen pellets can capture ribonucleic acid viruses, we show that airborne pollen grains could transport airborne virus particles such as the airborne coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) or others. We consider the environmental conditions featuring the highest pollen concentration season and conduct computational multiphysics, multiscale modeling and simulations. The investigation concerns a prototype problem comprising the transport of 104 airborne pollen grains dropped from a mature willow tree at a wind speed of (Uwind=4 km/h). We show how pollen grains can increase the coronavirus (CoV) transmission rate in a group of people, including some infected persons. In the case of high pollen grains concentrations in the air or during pollination in the spring, the social distance of 2 m does not hold as a health safety measure for an outdoor crowd. Thus, the public authorities should revise the social distancing guidelines.
Role of morphological features and oxygen vacancies on electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and pseudocapacitance performance of BiVO4 structures
Authors: Mir Rameez Ahmad , Pandey O. P.
Published: June 2021

In the present study, bismuth vanadate nanostructures have been synthesized by hydrothermal route. The final calcination has been carried out in an open atmosphere and also inside the closed system (autoclave). The role of morphology, defects, and oxygen vacancies generated during the synthesis in the open air and in limited supply of oxygen on electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction and capacitor performance has been studied. The samples synthesized in open air exhibit fine size and uniform distribution of particles. However, the samples synthesized in autoclave reveal larger size particles, a greater number of defect states, and oxygen vacancies. The sample synthesized in open air elucidates a lower water oxidation overpotential of 170 mV to retrieve current density of 10 mA cm−2. The results predict that morphological features play a vital role in electrocatalytic activity compared to defect states and vacancies. To avoid the prevailing confusion regarding the electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and batteries, the actual pseudocapacitor behavior of the synthesized samples has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanic charge–discharge characteristics performed at different scan rates and applied currents, respectively. The synthesized samples exhibit higher capacitance retention (>95%) during continuous CV cycling.