bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ways to reduce technogenic landscape disturbances in mining production
Authors: Antonik V , Babets E , Antonik I , Melnikova I
Published: July 2022

Iron ore mining is followed by significant disturbances of the earth’s surface caused by both iron ore mining facilities (underground mines and open pits) and disposal of mining and concentration wastes on the surface (waste and substandard ore dumps at underground mines, overburden and oxidized rock dumps at open pits, tailings storage facilities at mining and beneficiation plants). In addition, operation of mining enterprises leads to creating hundreds of kilometers of above-ground pipelines, technological roads and railroads; drilling and blasting operations at underground mines and open pits lead to seismic phenomena and geotectonic disturbances of the surface in the form of sinkholes and craters in places of underground workings. The presented scientific work aims to generalize the practice of measures to optimize landscape disturbances caused by mining and develop individual issues of arrangement and technology of reclamation of disturbed surface areas in conditions of Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin. Technogenic surface disturbances accumulated during the period of economic exploitation of the region require a comprehensive solution in two directions. The first one consists in reducing the rate of new destructive impacts on the state of the relief by switching from extensive methods of deposit exploitation to all-round intensification of production (introduction of low-waste technologies, concentration waste re-treatment, oxidized ores processing, transition to technologies of internal dumping). The second one involves optimization of already formed landscape disturbances through reclamation. It is recommended to implement a number of methods of improving individual technogenic landscape formations by engineering and biological methods.
New technology of reclamation of slopes of waste and excavated rocks of mines and quarries
Authors: Antonik V , Shtanko L , Antonik I , Ivachenko V
Published: July 2022

The urgent environmental problem of industrial Kryvbas is the reduction of dust formation from wind erosion of bare surfaces, especially slopes, dumps of iron ore mines and quarries. The best way to reduce the dusting of dumps is to afforest their surface with trees and bushes, but naturally this process can take up to 15-20 years, and the well-known scientific developments to solve this problem are ineffective or too time-consuming. The objective of our work is to create the innovative technology for active stimulation of self-organized vegetation of hard-to-reach steep slopes of dumps. To implement the idea, it is proposed to use standard hydroseeders for a new purpose, in particular, HM-0-HARV Turbo Turf hydroseeder, which is able to create hydroflow at a distance of 30-50 m. The article describes in detail the essence of the developed technology, method of organizing and conducting hydraulic sowing from both the lower and upper edge of the dumps. It is recommended to include seeds of herbaceous grass and legumes, deciduous trees and shrubs, mineral fertilizers and nutrient substrate (sewage sludge) in the seeding hydraulic mixture. The proportion of seeds of various plant species, fertilizers and nutrient substrate in the hydraulic mixture for sowing on the slopes of Kryvyi Rih dumps, which have a neutral soil acidity and contain at least 3% of the fine fraction of rocks in the surface structure, is substantiated. According to the results of testing the proposed technology, it is concluded that applying a mixture of seeds of herbaceous plants, trees and shrubs in combination with mineral fertilizers and nutrient substrate to the surface of dump slopes by hydroflow accelerates their self-organized vegetation by about 3-4 times. It is shown that crop care measures in the first year of plant vegetation (periodic watering and, if necessary, fertilizing using hydroseeder) can save up to 60-75% of seedlings and help stabilize newly created biogeocenosis in subsequent years.
Assessment of safe exploitability of undermined objects of the Underground Ore Mining Department of the Mine Management of the PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”
Authors: Babets Y , Kozariz V , Blyzniukov D , Henkulenko S
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to monitoring surface displacement and the condition of monitored objects. The object of research is the process of displacement of the earth’s surface and the state of protected objects of the “United” deposit of the mine department for underground mining of ores of PJSC “ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih”. The displacement process is monitored based on long-lasting instrumental observations to determine surface deformations and assess the safety of exploitation of the monitored objects within the mining allotment. The study findings enable ascertaining that in the southern and central parts of the minefield, the displacement process has stopped, but in the northern part, it is still developing, and mining will have no impact on the technological objects of the Mine Management in the next two years. Over the recent two years, actual subsidence rates in the railway area have not exceeded 2.7 mm/month, and they are significantly lower than the permissible values (100 mm/month). The road sections shifting and the base for the removal of the road continue to develop. Mining operations at the deposit “Obiednanyi” have no hazardous impact on the “Schistose Rocks” natural geological reserve, the settlement of Karnavatka and the cemetery “Zakhidne”. Displacement on road and road base sections is in progress. In the vicinity of the settlement of Zhukivka, the maximum relative deformations (3.2 mm/m) are still much lower than the permissible one (6 mm/m), and they will not reach their maximum permissible values in the nearest two three years. In the last year, deformation rates decreased and reached the 2018 figure. Therefore, all the monitored objects within the mining allotment can be safely exploited.
Dissipative structure suppression as a way to increase the sustainable improvement of the frame support bearing capacity
Authors: Nazimko V V , Zakharova L M , Merzlikin A V , Kusen O B
Published: July 2022

Introduction. A yield frame support is a basic means of providing the underground roadways’ stability in the deep mines operating in the hard ground control condition when the ratio of the ground pressure to the unconfined strength of surrounding rock mass exceeds 0.33. The operators adjust the nominal bearing capacity of the frames at 0.55 of their maximum or peak resistance Fmax
because the frames operate in a dry friction mode spontaneously generating oscillation, which causes variation of the resistance in the range from 0.1 up to 0.9 of Fmax
. Aim/tasks. We intended to reduce the dynamic oscillation of the support resistance that allows for increasing their bearing capacity. Methodology. We used a computer simulation by FLA3D model, indoor testing of the frames, and actual measurements in an underground coal mine. Results. We revealed a specific behavior of the frame support that reduced the limit of the bearing capacity by 45%. During yielding, the frames generate dissipative structures (DS) that become apparent due to the dynamic nature of stick-slip friction following the yielding process. We demonstrated that DS control and especially its suppression provides a sustainable increase in the frame bearing capacity. Conclusions. Improvement of the yield frames design and especially their clamps are the prospective way to control DS and provide sustainable enhancement of the frame bearing capacity.
A reliability indicator based on assessment entropy of mining building and structure elements
Authors: Brovko D V , Khvorost V V , Kononenko V V , Yu Tyshchenko V
Published: July 2022

The quality reconstruction of the mine industrial facilities is the maximum possible elimination of the identified defects. Assess the suitability of the object for further operation or reconstruction based on the inspection results of a building or structure as actual values of the controlled parameters. Provide the science-based methodology for diagnosing the technical state, assessing the reliability and physical wear for mining buildings and structures by using the probabilistic and statistical methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of surveys, collection, processing and generalization of information on states (diagnoses) and characteristic defects (diagnostic features), based on the probabilistic-statistical apparatus of technical diagnostics and elements of information theory. An assessment of state and reliability, physical wear of structures of all levels. The Kulbak-Leibler distance as a key indicator in the method of estimating the ”survivability of the element” provides for the probability distribution of the tensile strength. Developed methods of using technical diagnostics based on probabilistic statistical methods – the Bayes method, statistical solutions - including the concepts of theory information. When performing a probabilistic analysis of the technical condition of all elements, the numerical solution showed the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic methodology. The innovative method is to analyze and assess the reliability of mine facilities using a mathematical modeling to determine the probabilistic characteristics of defects in structural elements. The analysis method in the survey allows for determining the technical state of the object, the set of further measures, effective planning the operating and restoring costs.
Application of new constructive solutions of high buildings’ zero cycle during building in difficult engineering and geological conditions
Authors: Timchenko R A , Krishko D A , Holovko S I , Goodary R , Aniskin A
Published: July 2022

Recently, there has been a significant reduction in the number of favorable areas for construction of buildings and structures, which leads to the need to build various facilities in special conditions, so in areas with difficult engineering-geological and mining-geological conditions of construction, which are deteriorating due to natural and man-made factors. It is necessary to assess the possibility of deformation of structures located on foundations with possible uneven deformation in the practice of design and operation. Only with reliable and accurate determination of the stress-strain state of foundation structures and soil mass the service life of buildings and structures can be predicted. Calculations performed with the help of PLAXIS and LIRA programs allowed to analyze the stress-strain state of the soil mass and the stability of the foundations with the same soil base (layer thickness and physical and mechanical properties), loads and boundary conditions: Option I – ordinary solid monolithic reinforced concrete foundation slab; Option II – proposed a solid monolithic reinforced concrete slab with a system of cross beams of different stiffness (patent № 13794). The validity of the theoretical forecast of the behavior of the foundation structure, which interacts with the unevenly deformed base, can not be obtained on the basis of the regulatory framework. The possibility of using a foundation with a system of cross beams of different stiffness in order to increase the reliable operation of high-rise buildings was experimentally and theoretically proved.
Commercial products of mining and metallurgical companies in river sediments of industrial regions
Authors: Berozkina L V , Ivanchenko V V , Ivanchenko A V , Kovalchuk L M , Belitska M V
Published: July 2022

Modern alluvium is a complex multicomponent system that includes both natural and man-made material. In the process of research on the pollution of river sediments with industrial waste, the authors established the presence of commercial products of mining and processing enterprises in the sediments. It includes crushed granite, metallurgical slags, ores and concentrates, coal and other products. Significant volumes of inputs of these materials into the ecosystem motivate the development of special technologies aimed at additional production of mineral products through the complex processing of modern river alluvium. In addition to economic benefits, the implementation of these projects will improve the state of the environment in regions with significant technogenic load.
The state of the European Union – Ukraine Association Agreement implementation on the air quality
Authors: Shapovalov Ye B , Yakymenko I L , Salavor O M , Šebková K
Published: July 2022

The comparative analysis of laws and regulations on air quality, air protection, and its monitoring in the EU and Ukraine has been carried out to analyse the state of the European Union – Ukraine Association Agreement. The main features of the strategic documents “Europe 2020” and “Ukraine 2020” air pollution control are discussed. The analysis of air quality monitoring regulations, air quality control methods, and peculiarities of citizens’ alerts in the EU and Ukrainian legislation is provided. It is proven that the methods approach to limiting pollutant values differs in Ukraine and the EU. EU uses limit value’, ‘target value’, alert threshold’, ‘information threshold’ and ‘critical level’ and Ukraine uses limiting values. The limit values/permissible concentrations of carbon dioxide, sulfur (IV) oxide (average daily value), and lead are stricter in Ukraine. However, the permissible concentrations of PM10, sulfur (IV) oxide (short-term value), Arsenic, Cadmium, and Nickel are much lighter in Ukraine than in the EU. The dioxin content in ambient air is not regulated in Ukrainian legislation. Also, citizens’ monitoring systems and data provision differ and should be harmonised for the EU’s standards. The current state of roadmap implementation is firstly presented. It is demonstrated the necessity to harmonise the Ukrainian law and regulations on air quality control and air protection with the EU law.
Spatial variation of soil temperature fields in a urban park
Authors: Kulish T
Published: July 2022

Soil temperature is the most important factor that regulates the rate of physical, chemical and biological processes in the soil. A peculiarity of the urban environment is the occurrence of “heat islands”. The increased temperature of urban environment significantly changes environmental conditions and contributes to the activation of phenomena that lead to the acceleration of global climate change. The aim of the work is to reveal the patterns of spatial variation of soil temperature in a city park at the different scale levels. Soil temperature was measured on a regular grid with different lags between measurement points. The measurement results were processed using geostatistical methods to quantify the spatial process at different scales. The results obtained allowed to quantify the patterns of spatial variability of temperature fields at different hierarchical levels. Scale-dependent effects of soil temperature variation were identified. The role of stand density, litter depth, and soil moisture on soil temperature variation was found. The results of the study are the basis for developing an optimal soil temperature measurement plan for environmental monitoring purposes. Suggestions were also made for the management of park stands in order to reduce the temperature load. The spatial variation in soil temperature demonstrates the occurrence of scale-dependent patterns. The spatial organization of temperature fields must be taken into account for optimal environmental monitoring and urban environmental management strategies. The soil temperature regime is characterised by a significant level of stability compared to air temperature. The soil temperature fields in an artificial park plantation are characterized by spatial patterns of a complex nature. The temperature field presents a spatial component that is invariant to time. It is most likely that the spatial variability of soil properties induced by natural factors and recreation are the cause of the generation of this pattern. Also in the soil temperature field there is a spatial pattern, which reflects the different sensitivity of the soil to the seasonal trend of temperature change. The generation of this pattern is due to the different insulating capacity of the forest litter in the park plantation. The results obtained point to the important role of leaf litter as a factor in the dynamics of the soil temperature regime. It is hypothesized that leaf litter in the park contributes to the enhancement of carbon sequestration during winter time.
Morphological response of lagoon cockle Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) to eutrophication in the Sea of Azov
Authors: Mirzoeva A T , Demchenko N A
Published: July 2022

The bivalve species Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789) was studied in this study. This species is allochthonous and belongs to the Mediterranean zoogeographic complex and was introduced in the Holocene. The C. glaucum is the dominant species among the bivalves in the Sea of Azov and has a wide range of distribution. The species is distributed in the coastal zone within 100-300 m from the shore, and it is also found in desalinated water bodies such as estuaries. The C. glaucum is fairly resistant to hypoxia. It is euryhaline with respect to salinity and eurybiontic with respect to soil. The species can settle on sandy, muddy or sandy-silty substrate. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphology of shells of this species in order to find out the reasons of morphological features change of Cerastoderma glaucum in different biotopes of the Sea of Azov. The study was conducted in early June 2021 on the northwestern coast of the Azov Sea. A total of 20 stations were investigated. Cerastoderma glaucum was found at all stations. The morphological variability of the bivalve Cerastoderma glaucum was investigated using the method of discriminant analysis. A notable morphological feature was the external alteration of the mollusc shell. A displacement of the apex to the anterior edge of the shell, lengthening of the posterior edge, and deformation of the shell shape, indicating the ecological characteristics of the study area and its inhabitants. Also, there is a difference in the ratio of shell height to shell length, indicating an increased level of siltation in the ground. Shell thickness varies in all survey areas, indicating different levels of salinity. The overall abundance of molluscs from the different biotopes indicates the factors determining the shape of cockle shells. In turn, morphological parameters indicate the general condition of the Sea of Azov. So, it can be assumed that siltation of the substrate on which benthic communities are located has increased as a consequence of massive deposition of phytoorganic residues. In addition, the hydrolytic regime has changed as a result of anthropogenic factors. As a consequence, salinity, oxygen levels are changing, etc.
Assessment of the impact of technogenic monitoring sites on seasonal migration ornithocomplexes
Authors: Sydorenko A I , Gorlov P I , Siokhin V D
Published: July 2022

Today, the Azov-Black Sea coast of Ukraine is one of the most important migration routes in Europe, which is used by up to 15 million birds every season. The development of a scientific and information system for monitoring, assessing and predicting the state of biodiversity on the territories of wind power plants (WPP) in the Azov-Black Sea region is extremely important, and the study of seasonal ornithocomplexes is a key moment in the creation of wind farm sites. Assessment of the impact on them is paramount in the development of management plans and risk minimization. The studies were carried out in the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine at 12 monitoring sites in the period from 2010 to 2021 using modern international methods adopted in the European Community, used for these technogenic territories, as well as author’s developments. The studies that were carried out using the WEBBIRDS WEB-application for monitoring seasonal ornithocomplexes and computer modeling of assessing the impact of the wind farm site based on the server accumulation of monitoring data (an author’s development), software for calculating the risk assessment of bird collisions with wind turbines (CRM), assessing the potential biological removals (PBR) showed no significant adverse impact of wind farms on birds observed at all 12 sites. These monitoring studies make it possible to assert that the main impact on the stability of migratory bird complexes in the project area is exerted by various biotic and abiotic factors such as landscape-biotopic, forage, weather factors, and the impact of wind farms is minimal.
Effect of recreation on the spatial variation of soil physical properties
Authors: Telyuk P M , Malenko Ya V , Pozdniy Ye V
Published: July 2022

Recreation affects various components of ecosystems. A significant transformation occurs in the soil cover in urban parks. The physical properties of soil are sensitive indicators of the level of anthropogenic transformation, and also allow to assess the state of soil as a habitat for plants and soil animals. The question of quantitative patterns of soil properties variability under the influence of recreation is not solved. There is also little information on the spatial aspect of the variability of soil physical properties in urban ecosystems. The aim of our study is to test the hypothesis that the recreational loads cause the formation of spatial patterns of soil properties, which by their extent greatly exceed the zone of direct influence. The spontaneous walkways within an urban park were investigated as an example of recreational loading. The physical soil properties were measured on a regular grid. The distance to the walkway was treated as a proxy variable that indicates recreational load. The application of multivariate statistical methods allowed to reveal the components of the variation of soil properties of different nature. The effect of recreational load is superimposed on the natural variability of properties. The peculiarity of the influence of recreation consists in sharp increase of soil penetration resistance in the upper soil layers and decrease of this index in the lower layers. The recreational load affects the physical properties of the soil. The soil compaction is the main direction of transformation. This effect gradually attenuates with distance from the source of exposure while occupying a significant portion of the space. The variation of soil properties affects the redistribution of soil moisture and soil air, which significantly affects the living conditions of soil biota.
Assessment of the saline biotope state of the North-Western Pryazovia as breeding sites of Glareola pratincola with the help of remote sensing data
Authors: Vynokurova S V
Published: July 2022

Given the biology features of the pratincola (Glareola pratancola), the possibilities of using remote sensing data were studied for the assessment of the species breeding habitats. Sentinel-2 images allowed analyzing a number of vegetation indexes reflecting such specific habitat characteristics as humidity and vegetation cover. The surface temperature is also was investigated. Moreover, the GIS analysis revealed spatial distribution of the collared pratincola breeding colonies, primarily in relation to water sources, settlements and roads. Glareola pratancola chooses saline areas as breeding habitats, which are characterized by a wide range of values of vegetation indices: NDVI is from 0.143246 to 0.365503, MSI is from 0.987138 to 1.3531. All saline areas suitable for breeding were located in close proximity to the water body (not more than 300m). The possible impact of the proximity of settlements and roads on the location of breeding colonies was not found. The salt marshes used by pratincoles for breeding were situated at an average distance of 1405 ± 386m from settlements and 1714 ± 274m from roads. The main disturbance factor is potentially cattle grazing. Accoding to results the North-Western Pryazovia is a significant breeding place for Glareola pratincola on the Azov-Black Sea coast of Ukraine. The obtained data can be used to determine an ecological niche of the collared pratincole and to develop its conservation strategy in North-Western Pryazovia.
Information concept of the human health phenomenon as a guarantee of bioecosystem stability
Authors: Pyurko V E , Khrystova T E , Pyurko O E , Kazakova S M
Published: July 2022

The current idea of the phenomenon of human health is strongly associated with a harmonious, well-developed personality. A healthy person in all respects can be called one who adequately responds and adapts to the changing conditions of the ecological, biological and social environment. The main prerequisites for health are the stability of the bioecosystem and sustainable resources. Aim/tasks is the theoretically substantiate the information-structural model of human health and the characteristics of its components. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was the synergistic use of the principles of science and a systematic approach, which led to the choice of research methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization of literary sources); interdisciplinary (structural-system approach, axiological method). Based on the use of the method of information-structural modeling, the modern trend of natural science is substantiated, which is the key to the stability of the bioecosystem - the information model of human health. It consists of the following blocks: information field of knowledge of the main subject areas; information and technological base of research; information and organizational management tools. The basics of a new interdisciplinary approach to the formation of a generalized idea of the phenomenon of human health from the standpoint of information-structural modeling: systematized information concept of integrated health as a unity of physical, mental and social health, verified it, obtained information about the system in as a whole by translating verbal-qualitative information into quantitative assessments. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the information space of individual health statuses is a holistic multidimensional dynamic system of a certain structure, in which the system-hierarchical homeostasis of interaction of physical, mental and social health statuses at different hierarchical levels is realized. It is proved that the information concept of the phenomenon of human health promotes the further integration of various data, builds constructive ways to formalize complex natural objects, and determines the stable functioning of the bioecosystem.
Endo-adaptive mechanisms of mesophytic plants’ functioning as a component of ecosystem resistance
Authors: Pyurko O E , Velcheva L G , Arabadzhi-Tipenko L I
Published: July 2022

The ecological state deterioration of the biosphere contributes to the formation of structural-functional mechanisms of plants’ adaptation to the synergistic influence of negative factors at different levels of living systems’ organization. A complex algorithm of the plant organism reaction response to any adverse factor includes a wide range of histological-metabolic adaptive mechanisms that provide a nonspecific reaction and are responsible for increasing the plant organism resistance. Aim is the investigation of endo-adaptive specificity of mesophytic plants’ formation as an ecosystem resistance component. Methods are experimental research, quantitative and anatomical analysis, mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data. The article presents the histological-functional specificity of Portulaca oleraceae L. vegetative organs under chloride load and without it in the Ukrainian south conditions. It is proved that the various parameters study of plants’ metabolism and anatomical-morphological reconstruction plays an important role in studying the salt resistance mechanisms, which determine the existence of mesophytic plants under stressful environmental changes. It is shown that adaptability is an equal component of two interdependent processes (the development of damage caused by stressors and the restoring the values of structural-functional parameters), which generally forms an endo-adaptive mechanism of plant functioning and ensures steadiness of ecosystem stability.
Analysis of the spatio-temporal trend of sugar beet yield in Polissya and forest steppe ecoregions within Ukraine
Authors: Zymaroieva A , Fedoniuk T , Matkovska S , Pinkin A , Melnychuk T
Published: July 2022

Ukraine has all the preconditions to increase the sugar beet yield, but, at present, comprehensive studies of spatio-temporal variation in the yield of sugar beet in the country have not been conducted. Though, such research is essential for the formation of crop management and yield forecasting in the future. The study aim is to analyze the general spatio-temporal dynamics of sugar beet yield within 10 regions of Ukraine, to identify the determinants of this trend and to characterize the areas of Ukraine regarding the sugar beet yield. Several statistical methods have been applied to the average sugar beet yields data which were provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to estimate the likelihood of a statistical model to the observed data. To calculate the global spatial autocorrelation coefficient, I-Moran statistics were computed using the Geoda095i program. A spatial database was created in ArcGIS 10.2. The average sugar beet yields within the study area ranged from 154.5 dt/ha to 495.7 dt/ha. The spatio-temporal trend of sugar beet yield has been described by a fourth-degree polynomial. It was determined that the overall trend of sugar beet yields is determined by agroeconomic and agro-technological factors, whose contribution to the yield variation is 72-96%. The areas where high sugar beet yields are ensured by favorable natural conditions, such as soil fertility, were identified, as well as areas with high crop yield potential provided that agricultural and breeding techniques are adequately used.
The growth characteristics and survival rates of great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis L.) juvenile under the heavy metal impact
Authors: Pinkina T , Zymaroieva A , Fedoniuk T , Pazych V
Published: July 2022

The study of the long-term effects of toxic substances, in particular, heavy metals, on aquatic organisms is currently a topical issue, due to the increase of anthropogenic pressure on the hydrosphere. The embryonic and juvenile stages of mollusks are more sensitive to toxic effects than adult ones. Consequently, the effects of different concentrations of heavy metal in the aquatic environment on the growth and survival rates ofLymnaea stagnalisjuveniles were evaluated. In a chronic toxicological experiment, we used chronic lethal, sublethal, and subthreshold concentrations of heavy metals. We conducted 12 toxicological chronic experiments, lasting 60 days, with 1070 specimens of L.stagnalisjuveniles. The toxic effect of heavy metals exposure in the aquatic environment in young individuals is manifested at much lower concentrations than in adults. The heavy metals ions affect the shell height ofL. stagnalisjuveniles even at the embryonic stage, which is manifested in some cases in the acceleration of their growth, in others – in its slowing down. The chronic experiment indicated that the values of shell height growth of juveniles in most cases correlate with the values of the total body weight growth. Under the influence of sublethal concentrations of heavy metal ions, the survival rates of juveniles are 3–4 times lower than the control. In solutions containing chronic lethal concentrations of Co2+and Mn2+, up to 80–90% of juveniles die. The sharper and more rapid response of young snails to toxic effects compared to adult animals can be explained by embryo intoxication.
Territorial assessment of the ecological and social comfort of the population living environment of large industrial cities (by the example of Kryvyi Rih)
Authors: Kholoshyn I V , Mantulenko S V , Burman L V , Joyce A S , Sherick D
Published: July 2022

Providing a favourable and comfortable living environment for the population is one of the main tasks of optimising urban development. The level of comfort is formed with the territorial interaction of natural and socio-economic conditions for the region’s development. This interaction is especially manifested in large industrial centres, characterised by a strong negative anthropogenic impact on the environment. The territorial assessment of the comfort of the living environment involves a comprehensive spatial analysis of the population comfort main factors. The purpose of this work is a spatial analysis of the population living comfort of one of the most industrialised regions not only Ukraine, but also Europe – the city of Kryvyi Rih. Functional zoning was carried out using GIS Map Info with the allocation of the following areas: residential zones, public and business zones, industry and warehouse zones, resort and recreation zones. The distribution of the residential area according to the level of comfort of the population living environment was carried out according to 3 groups of factors: transport accessibility, development of social infrastructure and ecological state. The first group characterises the habitat from the point of view of the city’s provision with transport routes for various types of public transport. The second group characterises the population’s social conditions, namely the number of educational, cultural and medical institutions. The third block includes the ecological state of the territory according to the criterion of atmospheric pollution. The method of scoring made it possible to compare individual parts of the area under study across the entire range of natural, ecological and social population comfort. The combination of indicators of the totality of all three groups factors was carried out using overlay operations. As a result of the research, a map characterising the spatial differentiation of indicators of the living comfort in the city of Kryvyi Rih has been created. The specialisation of the city as a large industrial centre has determined the leading role of the group of environmental indicators in the situational model of the living environment comfort in the region.
Traditional water supply systems at lack of water regions and their modern situation (cases of M’zab Valley, Algeria and Miyakojima Island, Japan)
Authors: Rezig N H , Shevtsova G V
Published: July 2022

The historical development of water supply systems for portable and irrigation water gathering is traditional for lack of water regions of the world. The diversity of such systems can be observed at Middle East and Asiatic cultures. Some of them are still in use or partly in use now. The study cases of the work are traditional distribution systems of rainwater in the deserted M’zab Valley, Algeria and tropical Miyakojima Island, Japan. The research is aiming to precise the modern situation of traditional water supply systems estimating the possible ways of theirs sustainable development and revitalization. The research conducted on the case grounds mainly with field studies and interview methods. The water supply system of M’zab has been implemented more than eight centuries ago and is still in use. It is a complex hydraulic system based on the principle of total utilization of torrent water and on the equitable division of this water over the entire oasis. Local people now beginning to understand its cultural significance aiming to popularise it. Miyakojima Island medieval water supply underground system consist of the network of cave sources integrated with architecture. Now it is in decay not using like a source of potable water but still preserving some sacral significance with not pointing on popularization. For the sustainability and revitalization of the traditional water supply systems now it is not enough to preserve their initial function but also need to develop the potency of tourist attraction with reservation as cultural property.
The influence of socio-demographic and external factors on the change of urban parameters of the Luhansk region
Authors: Sokolenko K V , Sokolenko V M , Filatiev M V , Chernih O A
Published: July 2022

The scale and nature of changes in the urban planning parameters of the Luhansk region under the influence of socio-demographic and external factors are studied. The actual development trends of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne-Sievierodonetsk agglomeration, the evolution of the regional settlement system, the state and problems of the urban development of the region are determined. To conduct the study, methods of system analysis, analytical comparisons, statistical analysis, urban planning analysis were used. The information base consists of literary and archival sources, cartographic materials. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the main territorial and urban planning parameters of the Luhansk region have been studied. A methodology for assessing and making urban planning decisions is proposed. The urban planning tasks and directions of transformation of the residential environment of the Luhansk region, controlled by Ukraine, are analyzed. Lugansk region in modern conditions is an outsider of socio-economic development. The occupied territories of the Lugansk region of the so-called ORLO (separate districts of the Luhansk region) are in a state of crisis. Industrial, ecological, social degradation is intensifying. This trend can lead to the devastation of settlement systems. The tasks of rational transformation of the territorial-planning organization of the Lugansk region remain relevant. From the intermediate conclusions, it is advisable to single out: the region has significantly changed its functions. The border and the line of demarcation of the JFO will still indefinitely be the determining factor influencing the state and development of the region. The task of the territorial development should be considered at the level of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne-Sievierodonetsk agglomeration and the structure of the region as a whole to ensure the growth of its potential. It is expedient to implement priority tasks according to unconditionally effective options that give a quick and demonstrable result. It can be education, transport infrastructure, anything that raises social standards. It is necessary to achieve a consensus of different groups of the population in the implementation of urban planning tasks and projects.
Evaluation of police activity as an indicator of public safety: the experience of empirical research in Ukraine
Authors: Kalashnikova L V , Hrabovets I V , Viznytsya Y V , Chorna V O
Published: July 2022

The ability of a society for sustainable development is determined by its ability to maintain and develop the parameters of life within the security corridor not least under the condition of continuous action of both internal and external factors. The connection between the activities of law enforcement agencies and the sustainability development of socio-territorial communities is obvious since the leading mission of the police is to prevent the constantly growing threats associated with various kinds of offenses. It is well known that the development of public opinion is an integral part of the rule of law and civil society. In the context of active reformation of law enforcement agencies, empirical sociological studies play the role of a measurer of efficiency, a barometer of public trust. The leading task of sociologists is to establish a two-way communication with the population whose security should be ensured by law enforcement officials. The article summarizes the experience of existing empirical sociological research of public opinion on the evaluation of the formation of a new methodology and methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the police. The authors of the article note that to date, considerable research experience has been accumulated, a base of empirical research has been formed to study the effectiveness of the national police, but there is still some methodological and methodological inconsistency. Researchers point to the appropriateness of using the in-depth interview method of the police officers themselves, conducting a focus group and expert evaluation.
Reconfigurable InP waveguide components using the Sb2S3phase change material
Authors: Lu Li , Reniers Sander F G , Wang Yunzheng , Jiao Yuqing , Simpson Robert E
Published: July 2022

Reconfigurable waveguide components are promising building blocks for photonic neural networks and as an optical analogue to field-programmable gate arrays. By changing the effective index of the waveguide, reconfigurable waveguide components can achieve on-chip light routing and modulation. In this paper, we design and demonstrate an Sb2S3-reconfigurable InP membrane Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) on a silicon substrate. Sb2S3, which has tunable refractive index and low absorption in the near-infrared spectrum, was patterned on the InP waveguide MZIs to make an optical switch in the telecoms conventional-band. By laser induced crystallisation of the Sb2S3, it was possible to control interference in the MZI and achieve 18 dB on/off switching at 1540 nm. Laser reamorphisation and reversible switching of the Sb2S3layer resulted in damage to the waveguide structure. However, simulations show that transition metal di-chalcogenide two-dimensional crystal layers can act as efficient thermal barriers that prevent thermal damage to the waveguide during laser amorphisation. Therefore, combining Sb2S3with InP waveguides seems to be a feasible approach to achieve low-loss reprogrammable waveguide components for on-chip photonics routing and neural networks.
Few-cycle excitation of atomic coherence: an analytical solution beyond the rotating-wave approximation
Authors: Pyvovar Nazar , Zeng Bing , Duan Lingze
Published: July 2022

Developing an analytical theory for atomic coherence driven by ultrashort laser pulses has proved to be challenging due to the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation (RWA). In this paper, we present an approximate analytical solution that describes a two-level atom under the excitation of a far-off-resonance, few-cycle pulse of arbitrary shape without invoking the RWA. As an example of its applicability, a closed-form solution for Gaussian pulses is explicitly given, and the result is used to analyse the impact of carrier envelope phase on atomic population ratios. Comparisons with numerical solutions validate the accuracy our solution within the scope of the approximation. Finally, we outline an alternative approach that can lead to a more accurate solution by capturing the nonlinear behaviors of the system. The work lays out feasible theoretical paths toward analytically describing two-level atoms driven by ultrashort pulses.
Layered complex networks as fluctuation amplifiers
Authors: Tyloo Melvyn
Published: July 2022

In complex networked systems theory, an important question is how to evaluate the system robustness to external perturbations. With this task in mind, I investigate the propagation of noise in multi-layer networked systems. I find that, for a two layer network, noise originally injected in one layer can be strongly amplified in the other layer, depending on how well-connected are the complex networks in each layer and on how much the eigenmodes of their Laplacian matrices overlap. These results allow to predict potentially harmful conditions for the system and its sub-networks, where the level of fluctuations is important, and how to avoid them. The analytical results are illustrated numerically on various synthetic networks.
Spin-active defects in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Nai-Jie , Yu Shang , Meng Yu , Li Zhi-Peng , Yang Yuan-Ze , Wang Zhao-An , Zeng Xiao-Dong , Xie Lin-Ke , Li Qiang , Wang Jun-Feng , Xu Jin-Shi , Wang Yi-Tao , Tang Jian-Shun , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: July 2022

Quantum technology grown out of quantum information theory, including quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum sensing, not only provides powerful research tools for numerous fields, but also is expected to go to civilian use in the future. Solid-state spin-active defects are one of promising platforms for quantum technology, and the host materials include three-dimensional diamond and silicon carbide, and the emerging two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and transition-metal dichalcogenides. In this review, we will focus on the spin defects in hBN, and summarize theoretical and experimental progresses made in understanding properties of these spin defects. In particular, the combination of theoretical prediction and experimental verification is highlighted. We also discuss the future advantages and challenges of solid-state spins in hBN on the path towards quantum information applications.
Pain Catastrophizing Is Associated With Increased Alcohol Cue-Elicited Neural Activity Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Nieto Steven J , Grodin Erica N , Burnette Elizabeth M , Cahill Catherine M , Ray Lara A
Published: July 2022

Aims

The current study examined the association between pain catastrophizing and alcohol cue-elicited brain activation in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods

Non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers with AUD (n = 45; 28 males) completed self-report measures of pain catastrophizing and alcohol use/problems as part of a clinical trial of the neuroimmune modulator ibudilast. Participants were randomized to either placebo (n = 25) or ibudilast (n = 20) and completed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to assess neural activation to alcohol cues 1 week into the medication trial. Multiple linear regression examined whether pain catastrophizing predicted cue-induced activation in a priori regions of interest, namely the dorsal and ventral striatum (VS). An exploratory whole-brain analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between pain catastrophizing and neural alcohol cue reactivity.

Results

Pain catastrophizing predicted greater cue-induced activation in the dorsal (b = 0.006; P = 0.03) but not VS controlling for medication. Pain catastrophizing was positively associated with neural activation to alcohol cues in regions including the bilateral thalamus, left precuneus and left frontal pole.

Conclusion

Greater pain catastrophizing is associated with greater cue-induced neural activation in brain regions sub-serving habits and compulsive alcohol use. These findings provide initial support for a neural mechanism by which pain catastrophizing may drive alcohol craving among individuals with AUD.