bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentecostalism, Politics, and Prosperity in South Africa
Authors: Frahm-Arp Maria
Published: October 2018

One of the fastest growing religious movements in South Africa is a form of Pentecostal Charismatic Evangelic (PCE) Christianity that has some version of prosperity theology as a central pillar. This paper, based on sermons and interviews with 97 PCE pastors in the area of Johannesburg, South Africa, argues that these churches form loose clusters defined by similar emphases along a continuum of prosperity theology. These clusters are “abilities prosperity,” “progress prosperity,” and “miracle prosperity.” Some churches fall neatly into one of the clusters, while others appear as more of a hybrid between two of these types. The paper shows that a relationship exists between the type of theology preached by PCE churches and the nature and extent of the political engagement that the pastors suggested that members in these churches should have.
Atmospheric Trace Gas (NO2 and O3) Variability in South Korean Coastal Waters, and Implications for Remote Sensing of Coastal Ocean Color Dynamics
Authors: Tzortziou Maria , Parker Owen , Lamb Brian , Herman Jay R. , Lamsal Lok , Stauffer Ryan , Abuhassan Nader
Published: October 2018

Coastal environments are highly dynamic, and are characterized by short-term, local-scale variability in atmospheric and oceanic processes. Yet, high-frequency measurements of atmospheric composition, and particularly nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) dynamics, are scarce over the ocean, introducing uncertainties in satellite retrievals of coastal ocean biogeochemistry and ecology. Combining measurements from different platforms, the Korea-US Ocean Color and Air Quality field campaign provided a unique opportunity to capture, for the first time, the strong spatial dynamics and diurnal variability in total column (TC) NO2 and O3 over the coastal waters of South Korea. Measurements were conducted using a shipboard Pandora Spectrometer Instrument specifically designed to collect accurate, high-frequency observations from a research vessel, and were combined with ground-based observations at coastal land sites, synoptic satellite imagery, and air-mass trajectory simulations to assess source contributions to atmospheric pollution over the coastal ocean. TCO3 showed only small (<20%) variability that was driven primarily by larger-scale meteorological processes captured successfully in the relatively coarse satellite imagery from Aura-OMI. In contrast, TCNO2 over the ocean varied by more than an order of magnitude (0.07–0.92 DU), mostly affected by urban emissions and highly dynamic air mass transport pathways. Diurnal patterns varied widely across the ocean domain, with TCNO2 in the coastal area of Geoje and offshore Seoul varying by more than 0.6 DU and 0.4 DU, respectively, over a period of less than 3 h. On a polar orbit, Aura-OMI is not capable of detecting these short-term changes in TCNO2. If unaccounted for in atmospheric correction retrievals of ocean color, the observed variability in TCNO2 would be misinterpreted as a change in ocean remote sensing reflectance, Rrs, by more than 80% and 40% at 412 and 443 nm, respectively, introducing a significant false variability in retrievals of coastal ocean ecological processes from space.
Coseismic Deformation Field of the Mw 7.3 12 November 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab (Iran) Earthquake: A Decoupling Horizon in the Northern Zagros Mountains Inferred from InSAR Observations
Authors: Vajedian Sanaz , Motagh Mahdi , Mousavi Zahra , Motaghi Khalil , Fielding Eric. , Akbari Bahman , Wetzel Hans-Ulrich , Darabi Aliakbar
Published: October 2018

The study of crustal deformation fields caused by earthquakes is important for a better understanding of seismic hazard and growth of geological structures in tectonically active areas. In this study, we present, using interferometric measurements constructed from Sentinel-1 Terrain Observation with Progressive Scan (TOPS) data and ALOS-2 ScanSAR, coseismic deformation and source model of the Mw 7.3, 12 November 2017 earthquake that hit northwest of the Zagros Mountains in the region between Iran–Iraq border. This was one of the strongest seismic events to hit this region in the past century, and it resulted in an uplift area of about 3500 km2 between the High Zagros Fault (HZF) and Mountain Front Fault (MFF) with a maximum amount of 70 cm south of Miringe fault. A subsidence over an area of 1200 km2 with a maximum amount of 35 cm occurred near Vanisar village at the hanging wall of the HZF. Bayesian inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations suggests a source model at a depth between 14 and 20 km that is consistent with the existence of a decoupling horizon southwest edge of the northern portion of the Zagros Mountains near the MFF. Moreover, we present evidence for a number of coseismically induced rockslides and landslides, the majority of them which occurred along or close to pre-existing faults, causing decorrelation in differential interferograms. Exploiting the offset-tracking technique, we estimated surface motion by up to 34 and 10 m in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, due to lateral spreading on a big coseismic-induced landslide near Mela-Kabod. Field observations also revealed several zones of en echelon fractures and crack zones developed along a pre-existing fault passing through Qasr-e Shirin City, which exhibited secondary surface slip by up to 14 cm along its strike.
The Generated Entropy Monitored by Pyroelectric Sensors
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Ching , Liang Bo-Hao
Published: October 2018

Entropy generation in irreversible processes is a critical issue that affects the failure and aging of electrical, chemical or mechanical systems. The promotion of energy conversion efficiency needs to reduce energy losses, namely to decrease entropy generation. A pyroelectric type of entropy detector is proposed to monitor energy conversion processes in real time. The entropy generation rate can be derived from the induced pyroelectric current, temperature, thermal capacity, pyroelectric coefficient and electrode area. It is profitable to design entropy detectors to maintain a small thermal capacity while pyroelectric sensors minimize geometrical dimensions. Moreover, decreasing the electrode area of the PZT cells could avoid affecting the entropy variation of the measured objects, but the thickness of the cells has to be greatly reduced to promote the temperature variation rate and strengthen the electrical signals. A commercial capacitor with a capacitance of 47 μF and a maximum endured voltage of 4 V were used to estimate the entropy to act as an indicator of the capacitors’ time-to-failure. The threshold time was evaluated by using the entropy generation rates at about 7.5 s, 11.25 s, 20 s and 30 s for the applied voltages of 40 V, 35 V, 30 V and 25 V respectively, while using a PZT cell with dimensions of 3 mm square and a thickness of 200 μm.
Resonator Based Switching Technique between Ultra Wide Band (UWB) and Single/Dual Continuously Tunable-Notch Behaviors in UWB Radar for Wireless Vital Signs Monitoring
Authors: Rahman MuhibUr , NaghshvarianJahromi Mahdi , Mirjavadi Seyed Sajad , Hamouda Abdel Magid
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a novel resonator that can switch and create three important behaviors within the same antenna using miniaturized capacitors. The resonator was integrated into conventional Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antenna to achieve UWB and Single/Dual continuously tunable-notch behaviors. The Single/Dual notched was continuously tuned to our desired frequency band by changing the value of the capacitors. The antenna designed and fabricated to validate these behaviors had a compact size of 24 × 30.5 mm2, including the ground plane. The radiation patterns were very clean due to the placement of the proposed resonator in the special ground plane. Moreover, the presented novel resonator and switching technique was compared with the recently proposed resonators and their switching techniques. The prototype for the antenna was also developed in order to validate its performance in wireless vital signs monitoring. The presented miniaturized resonator based antenna was utilized for tumor sensing and simulations were provided in this regard. Moreover, the deployment of the proposed resonator based UWB antenna sensor in Pipeline Integrity Monitoring system was also investigated and discussed.
Child Protection and Social Inequality: Understanding Child Prostitution in Malawi
Authors: Nkhoma Pearson , Charnley Helen
Published: October 2018

This article draws on empirical research to develop understandings of child prostitution, previously theorised on the basis of children’s rights, feminist, and structure/agency debates, largely ignoring children’s own understandings of their involvement in prostitution. Conducted in Malawi, which is one of the economically poorest countries in the world, the study goes to the heart of questions of inequality and child protection. Within a participatory research framework, nineteen girls and young women used visual methods to generate images representing their experiences of prostitution. Individual and group discussions were used to illuminate the meanings and significance of their images. With the exception of the youngest, participants understood their initial involvement in prostitution as a means of survival in the face of poverty and/or parental death, or escape from violent relationships, experiences that were subsequently mirrored by exploitation and violence within prostitution. Using the lens of the capability approach, we capture the complexity of child prostitution, demonstrating the ambiguous agency of participants in the face of deeply embedded patriarchal cultural norms that constrained their choices and limited their freedom to pursue valued lives. We end by reflecting critically on the theoretical and methodological contributions of the study, making policy and practice recommendations and identifying opportunities for further research.
Translation and Linguistic Validation of a Swedish Study-Specific Questionnaire for Use among Norwegian Parents Who Lost a Child to Cancer
Authors: Vegsund Hilde-Kristin , Rannestad Toril , Reinfjell Trude , Moksnes Unni Karin , Wallin Alexandra Eilegård , Eilertsen Mary-Elizabeth Bradley
Published: October 2018

Background: Research is needed on how to help cancer-bereaved parents, as they are considered to be a vulnerable population and they are at risk of developing ill health following the loss of a child to cancer. The purpose of the present study was to translate and linguistically validate a Swedish study-specific questionnaire that was developed for Swedish cancer-bereaved parents. The translated questionnaire will be used in a nationwide study in Norway. Methods: Forward and backward translations of the Swedish study-specific questionnaire were conducted, followed by linguistic validation based on telephone interviews with six Norwegian cancer-bereaved parents. Result: It was found that several medical terms and conceptual issues were difficult for the Norwegian parents to understand. There were also four issues regarding the response alternatives. Conclusions: Although Sweden and Norway have quite similar cultures and languages, the results off this pilot study show that, to ensure the quality of a translated questionnaire, linguistic validation as well as translation is necessary.
Monitoring Viability and Sustainability in Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Saviano Marialuisa , Bassano Clara , Piciocchi Paolo , Di Nauta Primiano , Lettieri Mattia
Published: October 2018

The paper aims to advocate the incorporating of the sustainability perspective into the management control system of healthcare organizations. The study is based on two main premises: (1) the evolution of business models towards a wide perspective of the sustainability approach; (2) the evolution of control systems in healthcare organizations towards a control-based approach to monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of the service targeted primarily to cut costs and expenses. Our methodology is developed at theoretical and conceptual level starting from: (1) a literature review on the issue, highlighting main trends and gaps and (2) the adoption of the Viable Systems Approach (VSA) as a conceptual framework oriented to integrate a wide variety of stakeholder perspectives and interests into the business model. Our findings lead us to introduce the Systems Viability Monitoring Model for Sustainability as a potential reference framework to build healthcare management control systems in which the notion of ‘systems viability,’ as defined by VSA, becomes a bridging concept by means of which the sustainability perspective can be incorporated into the management control system of healthcare organizations.
Higher Sustainability and Lower Opportunistic Behaviour in Healthcare: A New Framework for Performing Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Palozzi Gabriele , Brunelli Sandro , Falivena Camilla
Published: October 2018

Innovative health technology deployment represents the primary challenge within the sustainability of public health systems. On one hand, new technologies may potentially improve access to care and the quality of services. On the other hand, their rapid evolution and broad implications on existing procedures increase the risk to adopt technologies that are not value for money. As a consequence, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a critical process at each level of the National Health System. Focusing on the organisational level, this paper explores the current practices of Hospital-Based HTA (HB-HTA) in terms of management, control and behaviours of various actors involved. Among several tasks, decision-makers are appointed at managing the conflict of interest around health technology development, that could pave the way for corruption or other misleading behaviours. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is proposing a new strategic framework, named Health Technology Balanced Assessment (HTBA), to foster hospital-based health technology management aimed to align strategy and actions. The conceptual model is developed on three perspectives (clinical, economic and organisational) to make the actors involved in the assessment (clinicians, health professionals, hospital managers and patients) aware of the impact of new technology on the value chain. Besides supporting the decision-making process, such a tool represents support for the internal control system as a whole. By promoting structured evaluation, it increases transparency and accountability of public health organisations. Moreover, in the long run, the framework proposed will be useful to reach selected United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) to enhance the quality of healthcare in the future.
Preservation of the Mediterranean Identity: An Intra-City Analysis Towards a Macro-Regional Approach for the Characterisation of Urban Sustainability
Authors: Feleki Eleni , Achillas Charisios , Vlachokostas Christos , Michailidou Alexandra V. , Ortega Leticia , Moussiopoulos Nicolas
Published: October 2018

Globalisation combined with high urbanisation trends affects not only the traditional pillars of sustainability (environment, society, and economy), but also local identity. Customs and traditions are fading away and alienation is the result of new lifestyles deriving mainly from high interaction between locals and foreigners (focus on tourism). Facing the challenge of characterising urban sustainability, reflection on special characteristics of the urban fabric that are affected (spatial dimension of sustainability) is not always considered. Even though a lot of research is dedicated to the characterisation of urban areas’ sustainability, the element of local, regional, and macro-regional identity seems not to be systematically incorporated. This work attempts to develop and test a methodological framework to identify and prioritise the common symbolic elements that constitute the identity of a group of cities and that need to be sustained. The study focuses on the Euro-Mediterranean region. A survey is addressed to 64 scientists from five cities: Dubrovnik, Genoa, Rhodes, Valencia, and Venice. “Urban structure” is revealed as the most important element that constitutes the “Mediterranean identity”. Moreover, the level of threat deriving from mass tourism on the “Mediterranean identity” is estimated. The survey provides insight into the definition of the spatial dimension of sustainability and the determination/weighting of the case-specific component of an integrated urban sustainability assessment tool.
The Moku System: Managing Biocultural Resources for Abundance within Social-Ecological Regions in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Winter Kawika B. , Beamer Kamanamaikalani , Vaughan Mehana Blaich , Friedlander Alan M. , Kido Mike H. , Whitehead A. Nāmaka , Akutagawa Malia K.H. , Kurashima Natalie , Lucas Matthew Paul , Nyberg Ben
Published: October 2018

Through research, restoration of agro-ecological sites, and a renaissance of cultural awareness in Hawaiʻi, there has been a growing recognition of the ingenuity of the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system. The contemporary term for this system, “the ahupuaʻa system”, does not accurately convey the nuances of system function, and it inhibits an understanding about the complexity of the system’s management. We examined six aspects of the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system to understand its framework for systematic management. Based on a more holistic understanding of this system’s structure and function, we introduce the term, “the moku system”, to describe the Hawaiian biocultural resource management system, which divided large islands into social-ecological regions and further into interrelated social-ecological communities. This system had several social-ecological zones running horizontally across each region, which divided individual communities vertically while connecting them to adjacent communities horizontally; and, thus, created a mosaic that contained forested landscapes, cultural landscapes, and seascapes, which synergistically harnessed a diversity of ecosystem services to facilitate an abundance of biocultural resources. “The moku system”, is a term that is more conducive to large-scale biocultural restoration in the contemporary period, while being inclusive of the smaller-scale divisions that allowed for a highly functional system.
Road Safety Impact of Increased Rural Highway Speed Limits in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Brubacher Jeffrey R , Chan Herbert , Erdelyi Shannon , Lovegrove Gordon , Faghihi Farhad
Published: October 2018

Control of vehicle speed is a central tenet of the safe systems approach to road safety. Most research shows that raising speed limits results in more injuries. Advocates of higher speed limits argue that this conclusion is based on older research, that traffic fatalities are decreasing despite higher speed limits, and that modern vehicles are able to safely travel at higher speeds. These arguments were used to justify raising speed limits on rural highways in British Columbia, Canada (July 2014). We used an interrupted time series approach to evaluate the impact of these speed limit increases on fatal crashes, auto-insurance claims, and ambulance dispatches for road trauma. Events were mapped to affected road segments (with increased speed limits) and to nearby road segments (within 5 km of an affected segment). Separate linear regression models were fitted for each outcome and road segment group. Models included gasoline sales to account for changes in vehicle travel. Our main findings were significant increases in (i) total insurance claims (43.0%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 16.0–76.4%), (ii) injury claims (30.0%; 95% CI = 9.5–54.2%), and (iii) fatal crashes (118.0; 95% CI = 10.9–225.1%) on affected road segments. Nearby segments had a 25.7% increase in insurance claims (95% CI = 16.1–36.1%).
Equitable Allocation of Blue and Green Water Footprints Based on Land-Use Types: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Liu Gang , Shi Lu , Li Kevin
Published: October 2018

This paper develops a lexicographic optimization model to allocate agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints by using the land area as the influencing factor. An index known as the water-footprint-land density (WFLD) index is then put forward to assess the impact and equity of the resulting allocation scheme. Subsequently, the proposed model is applied to a case study allocating water resources for the 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The objective is to achieve equitable spatial allocation of water resources from a water footprint perspective. Based on the statistical data in 2013, this approach starts with a proper accounting for water footprints in the 11 YREB provinces. We then determined an optimal allocation of water footprints by using the proposed lexicographic optimization approach from a land area angle. Lastly, we analyzed how different types of land uses contribute to allocation equity and we discuss policy changes to implement the optimal allocation schemes in the YREB. Analytical results show that: (1) the optimized agricultural and non-agricultural water footprints decrease from the current levels for each province across the YREB, but this decrease shows a heterogeneous pattern; (2) the WFLD of 11 YREB provinces all decline after optimization with the largest decline in Shanghai and the smallest decline in Sichuan; and (3) the impact of agricultural land on the allocation of agricultural water footprints is mainly reflected in the land use structure of three land types including arable land, forest land, and grassland. The different land use structures in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions lead to the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized agricultural water footprints in the three YREB segments; (4) In addition to the non-agricultural land area, different regional industrial structures are the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of the optimized non-agricultural water footprints. Our water-footprint-based optimal water resources allocation scheme helps alleviate the water resources shortage pressure and achieve coordinated and balanced development in the YREB.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Using Linear Fuzzy Model Applied to Cooperative Mobile Robots
Authors: Luviano-Cruz David , Garcia-Luna Francesco , Pérez-Domínguez Luis , Gadi S. K.
Published: October 2018

A multi-agent system (MAS) is suitable for addressing tasks in a variety of domains without any programmed behaviors, which makes it ideal for the problems associated with the mobile robots. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a successful approach used in the MASs to acquire new behaviors; most of these select exact Q-values in small discrete state space and action space. This article presents a joint Q-function linearly fuzzified for a MAS’ continuous state space, which overcomes the dimensionality problem. Also, this article gives a proof for the convergence and existence of the solution proposed by the algorithm presented. This article also discusses the numerical simulations and experimental results that were carried out to validate the proposed algorithm.
Rubella Virus Strain-Associated Differences in the Induction of Oxidative Stress Are Independent of Their Interferon Activation
Authors: Zobel Sarah , Lorenz Mechthild , Frascaroli Giada , Böhnke Janik , Bilz Nicole C. , Stanifer Megan L. , Boulant Steeve , Bergs Sandra , Liebert Uwe G. , Claus Claudia
Published: October 2018

Rubella virus (RV) infection impacts cellular metabolic activity in a complex manner with strain-specific nutritional requirements. Here we addressed whether this differential metabolic influence was associated with differences in oxidative stress induction and subsequently with innate immune response activation. The low passaged clinical isolates of RV examined in this study induced oxidative stress as validated through generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial superoxide. The addition of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ROS scavengers N-acetyl-l-cysteine and MitoTEMPO, respectively, reduced RV-associated cytopathogenicity and caspase activation. While the degree of oxidative stress induction varied among RV clinical isolates, the level of innate immune response and interferon-stimulated gene activation was comparable. The type III IFNs were highly upregulated in all cell culture systems tested. However, only pre-stimulation with IFN β slightly reduced RV replication indicating that RV appears to have evolved the ability to counteract innate immune response mechanisms. Through the data presented, we showed that the ability of RV to induce oxidative stress was independent of its capacity to stimulate and counteract the intrinsic innate immune response.
Fetal Brain Infection Is Not a Unique Characteristic of Brazilian Zika Viruses
Authors: Setoh Yin Xiang , Peng Nias Y. , Nakayama Eri , Amarilla Alberto A. , Prow Natalie A. , Suhrbier Andreas , Khromykh Alexander A.
Published: October 2018

The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil was associated with an increased number of fetal brain infections that resulted in a spectrum of congenital neurological complications known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Herein, we generated de novo from sequence data an early Asian lineage ZIKV isolate (ZIKV-MY; Malaysia, 1966) not associated with microcephaly and compared the in vitro replication kinetics and fetal brain infection in interferon α/β receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR1−/−) dams of this isolate and of a Brazilian isolate (ZIKV-Natal; Natal, 2015) unequivocally associated with microcephaly. The replication efficiencies of ZIKV-MY and ZIKV-Natal in A549 and Vero cells were similar, while ZIKV-MY replicated more efficiently in wild-type (WT) and IFNAR−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Viremias in IFNAR1−/− dams were similar after infection with ZIKV-MY or ZIKV-Natal, and importantly, infection of fetal brains was also not significantly different. Thus, fetal brain infection does not appear to be a unique feature of Brazilian ZIKV isolates.
Soil Erosion Modeling and Comparison Using Slope Units and Grid Cells in Shihmen Reservoir Watershed in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Liu Yi-Hsin , Li Dong-Huang , Chen Walter , Lin Bor-Shiun , Seeboonruang Uma , Tsai Fuan
Published: October 2018

Soil erosion is a global problem that will become worse as a result of climate change. While many parts of the world are speculating about the effect of increased rainfall intensity and frequency on soil erosion, Taiwan’s mountainous areas are already facing the power of rainfall erosivity more than six times the global average. To improve the modeling ability of extreme rainfall conditions on highly rugged terrains, we use two analysis units to simulate soil erosion at the Shihmen reservoir watershed in northern Taiwan. The first one is the grid cell method, which divides the study area into 10 m by 10 m grid cells. The second one is the slope unit method, which divides the study area using natural breaks in landform. We compared the modeling results with field measurements of erosion pins. To our surprise, the grid cell method is much more accurate in predicting soil erosion than the slope unit method, although the slope unit method resembles the real terrains much better than the grid cell method. The average erosion pin measurement is 6.5 mm in the Shihmen reservoir watershed, which is equivalent to 90.6 t ha−1 yr−1 of soil erosion.
Complexity Analysis of Precipitation and Runoff Series Based on Approximate Entropy and Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition
Authors: Sun Dongyong , Zhang Hongbo , Guo Zhihui
Published: October 2018

Many regional hydrological regime changes are complex under the influences of climate change and human activities, which make it difficult to understand the regional or basin al hydrological status. To investigate the complexity of precipitation and the runoff time series from 1960 to 2012 in the Jing River Basin on different time scales, approximate entropy, a Bayesian approach and extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition were employed. The results show that the complexity of annual precipitation and runoff has decreased since the 1990sand that the change occurred in 1995. The Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF)-6 component decomposed by extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition of monthly precipitation and runoff was consistent with precipitation and runoff. The IMF-6 component of monthly precipitation closely followed the 10-year cycle of change, and it has an obvious correlation with sunspots. The correlation coefficient is 0.6, representing a positive correlation before 1995 and a negative correlation after 1995. However, the IMF-6 component of monthly runoff does not have a significant correlation with sunspots, and the correlation coefficient is only 0.41, which indicates that climate change is not the dominant factor of runoff change. Approximate entropy is an effective analytical method for complexity, and furthermore, it can be decomposed by extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition to obtain the physical process of the sequences at different time scales, which helps us to understand the background of climate change and human activity in the process of precipitation and runoff.
Le rôle du pyroxène dans l'histoire de la cristallisation du granite à biotite et amphibole des Crêtes (Vosges)
Authors: Gagny Claude
Published: October 2018

La paragénèse du granite à biotite et amphibole de l'association des Crêtes est décrite et discutée. Le granite, primitivement à pyroxène, amphibole et biotite, a évolué, par recristallisation in situ de son pyroxène, en un granite à amphibole et biotite.
Pegmatites à allanite et molybdénite dans le granite de Ploumanac'h (Côtes-du-Nord)
Authors: Chauris Louis
Published: October 2018

Le granite de Ploumanac'h présente près de La Clarté des accidents pegmatitiques à allanite et molybdénite. La pegmatite à allanite est caractérisée par l'abondance des minéraux mélanocrates ; elle paraît devoir être classée parmi les pegmatites de la «série hybride » ; elle correspond aux phases B et C de la classification de Fersman.
Sur le polymorphisme du silicate tricalcique
Authors: Yannaquis N. , Regourd Micheline , Mazières Charles , Guinier André
Published: October 2018

Entre la température ordinaire et 1 100° C, les diagrammes Debye-Scherrer focalisés, obtenus en faisceau transmis dans une chambre spécialement étudiée à cet effet, mettent en évidence des transformations réversibles à 615°, 750°, 917°, 973° et 1 050° C.

On discute les résultats en les confrontant avec les indications de la microanalyse thermique différentielle. Cette dernière méthode met également en évidence l'extrême sensibilité du silicate tricalcique à l'humidité et à l'anhydride carbonique atmosphérique.
Les Séfarades d'Israël : une diaspora en terre sainte ?
Authors: Charbit Myriam
Published: October 2018

Arrivés massivement en Israël au lendemain de l'indépendance des pays du Maghreb, forts d'une vision toute messianique du sionisme, les Séfarades israéliens ont été rapidement relégués aux marges du jeune État juif. Teintée à la fois de paternalisme, de libéralisme et de clientélisme, la politique de périphérisation-stigmatisation des dirigeants sionistes à leur égard, s'est heurtée dans les années 80 à la réaction des populations séfarades. N'acceptant plus d'être des citoyens de seconde zone, les Séfarades d'Israël se sont structurés politiquement, profitant du recul électoral du parti travailliste.
La mémoire des Pieds-noirs : une transmission impossible ?
Authors: Albert-Llorca Marlène
Published: October 2018

Peu d'études relevant du champ des sciences sociales ont été consacrées jusqu'ici aux pieds-noirs. Elle soulève pourtant des questions que soulève aussi toute situation d'exil d'un groupe humain : comment se perpétue ou, plutôt, se reconstruit dans ce cas l'identité du groupe ? quelle place tient, dans ces constructions identitaires, le rapport mémoriel au pays d'origine et comment cette mémoire est-elle transmise ? On examinera la façon dont l'étude de M. Baussant aborde ces questions et, plus particulièrement, son analyse de ce « lieu de mémoire » qu'est le sanctuaire nîmois consacré à la Vierge de Santa Cruz, patronne d'Oran, et le pèlerinage qui s'y déroule chaque année le jeudi de l'Ascension.
La quête d'identité dans L'Amour la fantasia d'Assia Djebar
Authors: Dahan Danielle
Published: October 2018

Partant de la thèse selon laquelle le roman de l'écrivaine Assia Djebar L'Amour, la fantasia (1985) représente une quête identitaire, on essaie de montrer son déroulement. Armée de la langue française, la narratrice écrivant à la première personne du singulier part à la recherche des éléments constitutifs de son identité. S'incluant tout d'abord dans un vaste ensemble qui est celui de l'Algérie sous la colonisation française (1830-1962), elle constate que si elle a pu élever un édifice en la mémoire de l'Algérie, par contre, l'écriture de soi reste du domaine de la tentative.
La littérature des Maghrébins francophones et des Turcs germanophones : défi pour le canon littéraire national de la France et de l'Allemagne ?
Authors: Jarillot-Rodal Christina
Published: October 2018

Le phénomène de l'immigration massive vers la France et l'Allemagne dans les dernières décennies a donné lieu à une littérature hybride, produite par des émigrants de la première et deuxième génération. Apparues dans des circonstances socio-économiques semblables, les œuvres des auteurs d'origine maghrébine en France et des Turcs en Allemagne présentent des similarités évidentes qui se font patentes aussi dans la façon dont elles sont reçues dans leurs espaces littéraires respectifs. Cette contribution se propose d'analyser la littérature de ces groupes de migrants et sa relation avec le canon littéraire national. Pour cela, il faut définir d'abord quel modèle de canon on soutient. Les mécanismes de canonisation jouent aussi un rôle lorsqu'on veut définir la position de ces littératures émergentes par rapport au canon.
L'Afrique profonde, l'Afrique en transitions. Entretien avec Léonardo A. Villalon
Authors: Villalón Léonardo Alfonso , Monjib Maâti
Published: October 2018

L. A. Villalón nous parle de son parcours de chercheur africaniste et de la genèse de sa passion pour le continent noir. Il nous explique comment l'analyse politique doit s'appuyer sur des recherches de terrain de nature ethnographique tout en s'ancrant dans les «matrices culturelles» qui servent de base à l'État post-colonial. Pour être pertinente ladite analyse a besoin d'une compréhension détaillée des spécificités sociologiques subsahariennes. Il revient sur son expérience du terrain de jeune chercheur dans une petite ville du Sénégal et comment il s'est inspiré de la méthodologie de son « cheikh » Donal Cruise Obrien et des théories de Micheal Schatzberg et Crowford Young ainsi de son apport personnel dans les discussions entre écoles politologiques américaines.
Le roman francophone au Maghreb et en Afrique noire: convergences, décalages, parallélismes
Authors: Soubias Pierre
Published: October 2018

Parfois évoquée mais peu pratiquée, la comparaison entre la production littéraire africaine des deux côtés du Sahara (Maghreb d'une part, Afrique noire d'autre part), est pourtant logique étant donné certaines convergences culturelles, et surtout la parenté des expériences historiques des deux aires. Pour s'en tenir au roman écrit en français depuis 1945, il apparaît que plusieurs thèmes et certains enjeux sont similaires, aussi bien pendant les années 50 que dans la production récente. Toutefois, un décalage chronologique est perceptible dans l'évolution du genre romanesque d'un côté et de l'autre, et des spécificités de ton et d'écriture continuent de séparer les deux aires, confirmant qu'elles possèdent chacune un «génie» littéraire propre.
Les « détenus arabes » de Calvi 1871-1903. Le bagne, une expérience du dépaysement?
Authors: Colonna Fanny
Published: October 2018

Toute situation de dépaysement, même extrême, même subie, livre des vues à la fois sur les sociétés d'où viennent les déplacés et sur celles où ils parviennent : ainsi de la déportation. Au cours du dernier quart du XIXe siècle, plusieurs insurrections tribales d'extension et de durée variable éclatèrent en Algérie : celle de 1871 en Kabylie, 1879 dans l'Aurès, 1881 chez les U. Sidi Cheikh au Sahara ouest... sans compter quelques autres moins connues. Ce sont les chefs et les personnages de premier plan de ces dernières convulsions sociales du siècle qui vont peupler, jusqu'en 1903, la citadelle de Calvi (Corse). Là ils sont gardés sous un régime particulier proche du régime militaire, à égale distance géographique de la colonie et de la métropole, à des fins de négociations, pressions et échanges... quand on ne les y oublie pas pendant 10 ou 15 ans ! Ce texte ne prétend pas restituer le vécu de cet étrange pénitencier - entreprise non impossible d'ailleurs mais qui demanderait d'interroger les archives autrement. Il tente plus modestement, à partir de la lecture des traces écrites du dépôt et des correspondances (saisies) entre les détenus et leurs contacts au pays, de comprendre ces hommes, leurs modes de pensée, leurs visions de la peine qui les frappe, du pays et de la culture où ils se trouvent relégués. Il donne une idée sommaire des relations entre des codétenus, probablement aussi éloignés les uns des autres qu'ils ne l'étaient eux- mêmes des Corses. Enfin, plus important peut-être, il tente de montrer qu'il n'existe sans doute pas d'autre forme qu'un topos très conventionnel et surtout non référentiel, pour parler de cette vie en marge de la vraie vie, celle de la communauté restée là-bas...
« Trimardeuse » au début du XXe siècle. Isabelle Eberhardt, de Genève à Aïn Sefra
Authors: Chaulet-Achour Christiane
Published: October 2018

Cet article évoque la figure emblématique du voyage que fut cette écrivaine d'origine russe dans l'Algérie au tournant de deux siècles (XIXe et XXe siècles). Il reprend les dates et faits des cinq voyages algériens et, en s'appuyant sur son dernier grand reportage, Sud oranais, il montre deux grandes constantes de son écriture : celle d'une journaliste qui a acquis une position particulière dans la société où elle évolue et qui offre une écriture de presse d'une forte modernité ; celle, plus religieuse et plus suggérée, de son rapport à l'islam, religion à laquelle elle s'est convertie.
La Rih'lat d'Abû Madyan ou l'appel du Maghreb
Authors: Souheil Dib Mohammed
Published: October 2018

Abu Madyan est un des plus grands représentants de la mystique hispano-maghrébine du XIIe siècle. Soufi orthodoxe modéré, la dévotion pour lui ne saurait prétendre à la validité si elle ne reposait pas sur une connaissance parfaite de la chari'a. Après avoir séjourné dans plusieurs villes du Maghreb et du Machrek, il s'installe à Béjaïa (Est de l'Algérie) et y fonde l'école de spiritualité religieuse où s'opère une puissante synthèse des doctrines de Junayd, de Ghazâlî et de Sidi 'Abd al-Qâdir al-Jilanî. Ce qui constitue les étapes essentielles de son raire spirituel. L'enseignement d'Abû Madyan connaîtra une dimension universelle et trouvera une expression dans les grandes œuvres qui demeurent un précieux héritage de la culture islamique.
Dépliant bordeline. Récit imaginaire
Authors: Maraini Toni
Published: October 2018

Compte-rendu imaginaire d'une publicité de voyage au Maroc. Après une réflexion sur la crise du «voyage» dans un monde globalisé mais non pas libre, le dépliant publicitaire avoue ne pouvoir s'occuper que d'un seul voyage à la fois, pour un seul voyageur à la fois : un voyage à vie. Car tout vrai voyage ne peut être que voyage d'initiation et de connaissance. Le dépliant met en scène le parcours exemplaire de son unique client, une voyageuse. Partie pour le Maroc, elle y reste pour le connaître, y faire des recherches, s'y enraciner et y vivre. Le récit se termine avec une note sur la Frontière qui est aujourd'hui érigée par l'Occident entre civilisations, sur le concept de « pensée transversale » (le voyage entendu comme moyen de connaissance et solidarité dans notre condition d'étranger universel) et, aussi, sur l'impossible retour. Le « voyage au Maroc » est au cœur du récit imaginaire.
L'approvisionnement alimentaire de Tunis à l'époque moderne: l'apport des sources archivistiques
Authors: Lakhal Rached
Published: October 2018

Ce travail veut montrer ce que les sources archivistiques tunisiennes et françaises peuvent apporter pour la connaissance de la question de l'approvisionnement en produits alimentaires de Tunis à l'époque précoloniale. La confrontation des données de deux sources ouvre à l'historien de l'alimentation de larges perspectives et donne un nouvel éclairage sur la vie matérielle et quotidienne dans la Régence de Tunis à l'époque moderne.
L’homme du livre de Driss Chraïbi : une utopie pour le prophète
Authors: Valat Colette
Published: October 2018

L’Homme du Livre de Driss Chraïbi est une oeuvre pleine de significations dans la littérature maghrébine d’expression française contemporaine. Il s’agit d’un point culminant esthétique et intellectuel pour son auteur : fondés sur la représentation utopique de la civilisation arabe au moment de la naissance de l’islam, c’est une cristallisation de ses thèmes et modes d’écriture privilégiés et la mise en ordre d’un rapport apaisé et confiant en un islam ouvert et généreux.
Tekhmis autour des maîtres
Authors: Souheil Dib Mohammed
Published: October 2018

Les maîtres ne sont point assujettis à la langue qui est la leur. Ce qu’ils disent relève du «hâl» - l’état spirituel - et non du mot. Ils ont pour noms : Ibn 'Arabî, Joachim de Flore, Ibn 'Atâ’, Rimbaud, Rûmî, Haedegger ou Saint-John Perse. C’est à leur sujet et à propos de leurs écrits qu’Allah a dit dans le Coran : «Et parmi Ses signes : la diversité de vos langues.» On les a appelés «les fous de Dieu», parfois «fous» tout simplement. Ce tekhmis qui leur est dédié, rappelle par le poème ou la prose ce que la littérature doit à la spiritualité islamique.
L’expression du théâtre chez Abdelkader Alloula
Authors: Bereksi Lamia
Published: October 2018

Le théâtre dans le monde arabe est un art emprunté. L’écriture et le jeu scénique sont démarqués en y apportant leur propre différence. Le théâtre d’Abdelkader Alloula en est l’exemple. En ayant recours à la culture populaire et au principe de la narration, les personnages sont mis dans un espace où la fonction prend une place particulière. Dans cet esprit le dramaturge devient le médiateur d’une cause qu’il veut défendre.
Au-delà des rives de la Méditerranée, un théâtre arabe d’expression anglaise
Authors: Jondot Jacqueline
Published: October 2018

Au-delà des rives de la Méditerranée, un théâtre arabe d’expression anglaise commente l’actualité des relations conflictuelles entre Orient et Occident ou à l’intérieur même du Proche-Orient. Théâtre de la dérision, de l’absurde, il tente dans la langue occidentale, de mettre le doigt sur la responsabilité occidentale dans les divers conflits qui ensanglantent la région, mais aussi d’inscrire les luttes d’indépendance dans un contexte plus global. Laila Said, dans son autobiographie en langue anglaise, explique sa démarche de subversion d’un théâtre - ou d’un discours - officiel dans ses mises en scène en Égypte et sa lutte contre la censure. Discours autobiographique et écriture dramatique se retrouvent pour affronter les mêmes tabous en Orient et pour témoigner auprès des Occidentaux de leur situation artistique et historique.
La cuisine de Tombouctou (Mali), entre Afrique subsaharienne et Maghreb
Authors: Chastanet Monique
Published: October 2018

Le nom de Tombouctou est surtout associé à son ancien rôle de carrefour commercial et de haut lieu de la culture islamique. Sa renommée au Mali est également liée à sa cuisine. Celle-ci témoigne de la rencontre de plusieurs influences, sahélo-soudaniennes, sahariennes et maghrébines. Du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle, voyageurs «arabes» et chroniques locales nous informent sur les principaux produits alimentaires et sur certains plats. Au XIXe et au début du XXe siècle, les voyageurs européens puis les premiers témoignages de la période coloniale évoquent l’animation commerciale de la ville et nous renseignent plus précisément sur certains mets. Enfin un recueil d’une cinquantaine de recettes, publié récemment par une habitante de Tombouctou, nous permet d’appréhender les traits caractéristiques de cette tradition culinaire. À travers ces différentes sources, c’est la cuisine des familles aisées de la ville qui est la mieux documentée. On dispose toutefois de quelques informations sur les habitudes alimentaires des autres milieux sociaux. On peut également «suivre» certaines préparations du XIVe siècle à nos jours, telles que le pain, le couscous ou le « dokhnou ».
L’art distillatoire en al-Andalus
Authors: Plouvier Liliane
Published: October 2018

La distillation hydraulique précède la distillation alcoolique et est connue depuis l’Antiquité. L’époque et l’endroit de son apparition font l’objet de spéculations diverses. Le mode opératoire antique est également controversé. La première mention certaine de l’utilisation d’un alambic à distillation est donnée au

VIe siècle de notre ère par le médecin byzantin Aétios d’Amida (en Mésopotamie) ; son ambix sert principalement à faire de l’eau de rose. Au IXe siècle, le médecinalchimiste bagdadien al-Kindi évoque en outre la distillation alcoolique dans son Kitab Kimyaal-’ Itr wa al Tas’idat. Un siècle plus tard, le célèbre médecin-chirurgien cordouan Abu l Quasim al-Zahrawi, dit Abulcasis lui emboîte le pas dans son Kitab at-Tasrif li-man 'agiza 'an at-ta’lif ; il améliore le système de refroidissement et obtient de l’eau-de-vie aqua qui, étant l’essence suprême du vin généreux, symbolise la quinta essentia ou aliksir…
L'idéalisme ambivalent du roman mauresque
Authors: Clerc Florence
Published: October 2018

Des récits espagnols du XVIe siècle dont l'action se situait à la frontière entre la terre chrétienne et le royaume de Grenade, dernier royaume musulman d'Espagne, à la fin de la Reconquête, ont joué un rôle de premier plan dans la transmission d'un héritage historique multiculturel fait à la fois de coexistence et de conflit. L'anonyme Abencerraje, les Guerras civiles de Granad de Pérez de Hita et la nouvelle «Ozmfn et Daraja» insérée dans le roman picaresque Guzman de Alfarache de Mateo Alemân sont les « romans mauresques » qui ont rénové la prose de fiction en créant un type littéraire, celui du gentilhomme maure, guerrier émérite et amant accompli qui suscite l'admiration et l'amitié du noble chrétien dont il est le captif. La tradition a ainsi entretenu le souvenir d'une cohabitation qu'elle a idéalisée en exaltant les vertus chevaleresques partagées. La « maurophilie » contribue-t-elle au marquage des frontières culturelles ou suggère-t-elle une autre définition identitaire, qui inclut l'Autre sans le réduire ?