bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hayek, penseur du « doux commerce » : la société moderne est-elle principalement soudée par des « réseaux d’argent » ?
Authors: Debray Eva
Published: July 2019

On insiste le plus souvent, que ce soit pour critiquer ou féliciter l’entreprise de l’économiste Friedrich August von Hayek, sur sa reprise de l’expression de « main invisible » d’Adam Smith. Hayek voit dans cette métaphore une manière particulièrement heureuse de traiter de ces ordres spontanés, de ces ordres produits de manière non intentionnelle, dont lui-même cherche à rendre compte, et, plus précisément, l’ordre de marché. Cependant, plusieurs questions restent alors ouvertes lorsque l’on emprunte uniquement cette voie : de quoi Hayek cherche-t-il à rendre compte précisément lorsqu’il traite de ces ordres spontanés, c’est-à-dire que signifie le terme d’ordre ici ? Pourquoi se penche-t-il principalement sur l’ordre économique ? Pour répondre à ces questions, il est utile de mettre au jour une autre réappropriation conceptuelle à laquelle procède Hayek : celle qui prend pour objet le thème du doux commerce. Son analyse nous place au cœur de son projet de défense du libéralisme. Une étude adéquate de ce réinvestissement suppose cependant de mettre au jour le déplacement conceptuel qu’Hayek fait subir à ce thème. Il s’agit en effet pour ce dernier de défendre l’idée que les « “réseaux d’argent” […] soudent la Grande Société », c’est-à-dire sont au principe de l’ordre pacifique de la société moderne.
Au service du roi très chrétien
Authors: Schnyder Marco
Published: July 2019

La thématique de la présence étrangère à la cour de France est abordée à travers le cas de la famille de Besenval, originaire du Val d’Aoste, mais établie à Soleure à partir de 1628. Cette ville suisse, chef-lieu du canton homonyme et demeurée catholique, était également, depuis 1530, le siège de l’ambassade française permanente dans l’ancienne Confédération suisse. Les Besenval s’engagent avec succès dans les domaines d’activité privilégiés par l’élite dirigeante locale : magistratures et service militaire à l’étranger. Ce dernier fait entrer définitivement la famille dans l’orbite française. Par leur service à la Couronne sur les champs de bataille au cours du xviie siècle, les Besenval sont anoblis et deviennent, aux yeux des Bourbons, de précieux et fidèles serviteurs. Non seulement comme représentants du parti français au sein du Corps helvétique, mais également comme seigneurs et propriétaires fonciers dans une région récemment conquise, comme l’Alsace, et en tant que diplomates pour le compte de la Couronne. Certains Besenval font une expérience directe de la Cour, à Versailles, d’autres indirecte, à l’étranger, tant auprès de l’ambassade française à Soleure que lors de missions diplomatiques, comme en Pologne ou auprès des cours du Nord. Pour cette famille aux intérêts transnationaux, être courtisan ou simplement être proche de la Cour, n’est finalement ni un but en lui-même ni une simple étape. Être présent à la fois à Soleure et à Paris est indispensable afin de conserver un pouvoir qui est par nature transnational.
Quand les civils maintiennent l’ordre. Configurations vigilantes à Istanbul
Authors: Massicard Elise
Published: July 2019

Résumé : Depuis les années 2000 se font jour dans le quartier de Tophane (Istanbul) des pratiques de maintien de l’ordre par des civils articulant violence politique, lutte contre la criminalité et police des mœurs plus diffuse. Le terme de « configuration vigilante » permet de les saisir dans leur fluidité, tout en prenant acte de leur caractère relativement structuré et de leur mise en cohérence par des discours charriant des imaginaires et des modèles de rôle. Des entrepreneurs de morale locaux relativement autonomes portent ces croisades, ce qui différencie cette situation de contextes moyen-orientaux dans lesquels l’existence ordinaire d’indics laisse supposer des mobilisations provoquées par le haut. C’est la proximité politique avec les acteurs du pouvoir qui vaut à ces pratiques d’être tolérées, voire discrètement encouragées par eux – et qui les distingue d’autres formes civiles de maintien de l’ordre dans d’autres quartiers d’Istanbul qui, marquées à gauche, sont plus sévèrement réprimées.
La guerre Iran-Irak (1980-1988) à la télévision française
Authors: Devictor Agnès
Published: July 2019

Comment les médias télévisuels français ont-ils couvert la guerre Iran-Irak (1980-1988) ? À quels imaginaires se sont-ils référés ? Pourquoi et comment le contexte politique, économique et social en France a-t-il aussi interféré dans la production médiatique du conflit ? Fondé sur une étude systématique des huit ans de cette guerre telle que l’a montrée la télévision française, cet article vise à analyser les glissements qui se sont opérés, allant d’une présentation d’une guerre conventionnelle et lointaine, à sa mise en parallèle avec la Première Guerre mondiale pour déboucher sur l’apparition d’une grande peur de l’islam. Il vise aussi à compléter les études sur la cristallisation des représentations de la « menace islamique » en France dans les années 1980.
Development of a standing army in 15th- and 16th-century al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā
Authors: Shinoda Tomoaki
Published: July 2019

Résumé: Les chercheurs travaillant sur l’histoire du Maroc ont porté leur intérêt sur le développement d’une armée de métier, la considérant comme un élément d’explication dans la relation entre l’État et la société en général, et particulièrement dans celle de son contrôle sur la population rurale. De ce point de vue, ils ont estimé qu’il y avait discontinuité entre les périodes médiévale et moderne, insistant sur le caractère novateur des dynasties chérifiennes après le xvie siècle, par rapport aux dynasties berbères précédentes. Mais, en examinant, grâce à des sources en arabe et en langues européennes, la création d’une unité militaire appelée Makhzaniyyah, cet article met au contraire en lumière la continuité du système militaire. Cette unité était composée de cavaliers d'élite qui recevaient un salaire provenant des impôts collectés pour le trésor de l’État, défendaient les régions frontalières des attaques des ennemis et contrôlaient des tribus dans les campagnes. Nous pouvons confirmer son existence non seulement au sein des armées des dynasties berbère et chérifienne, mais aussi dans celle du royaume du Portugal qui occupa les côtes atlantiques. Ses activités montrent que ce système militaire a été choisi comme étant le plus approprié pour gérer la situation de la région à cette période.
Energy Poverty Jinx
Authors: Mukherjee Sovik
Published: July 2019

The chapter starts by comparing India with China, U.S. and world as a whole in respect of composition, pattern of primary energy use, fuel access to clean cooking energy, and access to electricity for the households. Moving on, this relationship between energy and poverty has preoccupied development economists for decades and begs for a policy dialogue on whether the lack of energy in terms of the 3E's—energy security, energy accessibility, and energy use—makes a nation energy poor or not. This moves the focus on the state of equity in the distribution of energy in India. The chapter, then, looks at the issue of energy poverty, in particular, rural-urban magnitude of energy poverty by estimating the specific concentration curve using National Sample Survey (NSSO) household unit level data from the 68th round (July 2011 – June 2012). To conclude, the study comments on how the optimum fuel mix design should look and talks about sustainable strategies involving the use of new renewables for breaking India's energy poverty jinx.
An Empirical Study on Unique Sustainability Nexus
Authors: Jain Megha , Nagpal Aishwarya
Published: July 2019

In order to understand the role of sustainability in the era of development, the broader purpose of the chapter is to examine the quantitative linkages between HDI and environmental performance for the selected developed and developing nations from 2002 to 2017. To test if the degree of economic expansion and standard of living has a systematic relationship with the level of environmental deterioration (existence of Kuznets curve hypotheses) in a country, the study employs fixed effects panel modeling on the selected country set. Several other macroeconomic and capital flow variables are considered in the extended empirical model development in order to supplement the holistic review of the situation. In addition, the study finds its novelty by considering relevant governance indicators in order to map the umbrella view. The findings of the panel analysis discover HDI to be positively associated with EPI, depicting higher human capital accumulation leading to lower environmental damage and better environmental performance. Additionally, the results confirm the deviation from EKC hypotheses in the context of developing nations while the same is established in case of developed nations.
Changing Patterns of Energy Use and Its Linkage With Some Macroeconomic Variables in India and China
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rajib
Published: July 2019

Over the last decade there has been a gradual change in the global energy landscape, with fast-growing emerging markets overtaking the traditional centers in terms of energy demand. International Energy Outlook 2017 forecasts that energy consumption in non-OECD countries would increase by 41% between 2015 and 2040 in contrast to a 9% increase in OECD countries. The chapter focuses on two major areas: (1) examining the changing pattern of the composition of energy use in the two selected countries of Asia (India and China) and (2) examining the short-run and long-run relationship among energy use, GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, extent of urbanization. Using ARDL bound test for the period 1990 to 2014 for the World Development Indicator data 2017-18, it reveals that the powerhouses of global energy demand growth are led by the developing economies of Asia (i.e., China, India, Indonesia, Morocco, Brazil, Singapore, and Thailand). In the case of India, a long-run association has been found between energy use and GDP per capita, energy intensity, use of electricity power, and extent of urbanization, but no instances are for China.
Ecological Vision of Mahatma Gandhi in Contemporary World
Authors: Biswas Anandita
Published: July 2019

Environmental degradation and concern for environmental protection and maintaining ecological balance in the last few decades has become the subject of serious political contention and public outcry. Human activity in the name of development has adversely affected the global biodiversity in an unprecedented manner. Eco-development demands structural and moral transformation of the current social, political, and value system. It presupposes a participatory political structure that allows maximum devolution of power to the local communities. And such a coordination and cooperation between development discourse and survival of nature can be found in the works and ideas of Mahatma Gandhi.
Joint Vibration Analysis (JVA) and the Diagnostic Process in TMD
Authors: Becker, DDS, FAGD Ray M.
Published: July 2019

This chapter describes joint vibration analysis technology (JVA), that assesses pathological changes that can occur within the temporomandibular joints. The diagnostic process and a simplified approach to better understand and efficiently treat temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), will be overviewed. With over 38 different etiologies under the umbrella term “TMD,” the need to streamline and effectively determine an accurate definitive diagnosis and potential treatment options becomes apparent. Joint vibration analysis (JVA) uses tissue accelerometers to objectively capture vibrations given off by structurally compromised, internal TM joint anatomy. This structural breakdown leads to altered mandibular movement patterns during chewing function. Different attributes of representative JVA vibrations have been shown to indicate the presence of various disease states, often seen within the temporomandibular joint complex. After being recorded, the JVA software displays the various vibration waveforms for clinician analysis, to determine the specific internal derangement present. This chapter provides an overview of the various vibratory waveforms that indicate TM Joint pathology is present, and illustrates the utility of joint vibration analysis as a temporomandibular joint diagnostic adjunct. When this information is combined with a thorough clinical exam and medical history, a clinician can then begin to efficiently present the information to the patient. Significantly, proper communication begins with presenting information that is easily understood and familiar to the patient. A simplified approach utilizing a JVA-based diagnostic process, will be overviewed in detail.
Temporomandibular Joint Imaging
Authors: Piper, DMD MD Mark
Published: July 2019

Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the temporomandibular joint are often not a routine part of a dental patient's pain and clinical evaluation. As a result, the most poorly understood region within the masticatory system is the temporomandibular joint foundation. Unfortunately, patient care and occlusal management are often compromised because of a lack of insight into the relationship between the anatomy of the temporomandibular joints and the occlusion. This chapter's four distinct sections review the key concepts about the temporomandibular joint foundation anatomical structures, detail structurally intact and structurally altered temporomandibular joint anatomy, clarify how structurally altered temporomandibular joints influence occlusal function, and classify the stages of temporomandibular joint structural degeneration. The concept of joint-based malocclusion is explored with numerous temporomandibular joint foundation anomalous software renderings, and sample CT and MR images, which together illustrate in detail how soft tissue and bony abnormalities in a structurally altered temporomandibular joint can create distortions in the occlusion. Lastly, the chapter addresses the specific requirements a clinician must technically master to perform a comprehensive CT or MR examination.
Periodontal and Implant Treatment With Computerized Occlusal Analysis
Authors: Cohen, DDS Nicolas
Published: July 2019

The role of occlusion in the progression of periodontal disease remains a controversial subject. Occlusal force, which is a mechanical stress applied to tissues, has always been considered to not initiate, nor accelerate, periodontal attachment loss resultant from inflammatory periodontal disease. This chapter outlines this controversy in great detail, from the perspective that the absence of a validated occlusal force and timing measuring device that can quantify the occlusion, has contributed to the confusion and questions that exist in the scientific community about the relationship between both periodontal disease and peri-implantitis, and the occlusion. The development of a new occlusal measurement technology that records and analyzes precise and reproducible relative occlusal contact force levels in real-time, independent of a clinician's subjectivity, is helping to change the scientific opinion regarding occlusion's role in periodontal and peri-implant supporting tissue loss. The T-Scan 10 system is particularly adapted for treating patients who demonstrate tissue loss combined with occlusal issues. Indeed, after having controlled the major etiologic and risk factors of periodontal disease and peri-implantitis, adjusting the occlusion after active tissue and implant therapy favors healing. The outcome of periodontal treatment aimed at compromised teeth and dental implants, combined with occlusal force excess control from computer-guided targeted occlusal adjustments, is highly predictable, and is characterized by less inflammation, a decrease of probing depths, and the stabilization of bone levels around teeth and dental implants.
Data-Driven Maps of Art History
Authors: Goldfarb Doron , Merkl Dieter
Published: July 2019

Many approaches to explain conceptions of developments in the arts to both peers and a more general audience included diagrams representing networks of related entities such as genealogies of important historical actors or styles. While such visualizations were traditionally created by hand, the recent emergence of extensive digital repositories of art history information enable new means of presentation. This work seeks to explore the potential of openly available data sources to create bottom-up, data driven versions of such network maps of art history. It highlights commonalities and differences between views derived from institutional and crowd-sourced data repositories and compares them with identified historical examples. The results suggest that the available data can be used to create largescale views on specific developments in art history, potentially serving as aid for navigating vast online collections of digitized artworks but also as means of reflection on the origin of the data sources themselves.
An HSV-Based Visual Analytic System for Data Science on Music and Beyond
Authors: Leung Carson K.S. , Zhang Yibin
Published: July 2019

In the current era of big data, high volumes of a wide variety of valuable data—which may be of different veracities—can be easily generated or collected at a high speed in various real-life applications related to art, culture, design, engineering, mathematics, science, and technology. A data science solution helps manage, analyze, and mine these big data—such as musical data—for the discovery of interesting information and useful knowledge. As “a picture is worth a thousand words,” a visual representation provided by the data science solution helps visualize the big data and comprehend the mined information and discovered knowledge. This journal article presents a visual analytic system—which uses a hue-saturation-value (HSV) color model to represent big data—for data science on musical data and beyond (e.g., other types of big data).
Fuzzy Lattice Ordered G-modules
Authors: Paul Ursala , Isaac Paul
Published: July 2019

The study of mathematics emphasizes precision, accuracy, and perfection, but in many of the real-life situations, people face ambiguity, vagueness, imprecision, etc. Fuzzy set theory and rough set theory are two innovative tools in mathematics which are used for decision-making in vague and uncertain information systems. Fuzzy algebra has a significant role in the current era of mathematical research and it deals with the algebraic concepts and models of fuzzy sets. The study of various ordered algebraic structures like lattice ordered groups, Riesz spaces, etc., are of great importance in algebra. The theory of lattice ordered G-modules is very useful in the study of lattice ordered groups and similar algebraic structures. In this article, the theories of fuzzy sets and lattice ordered G-modules are synchronized in a suitable manner to evolve a novel concept in mathematics i.e., fuzzy lattice ordered G-modules which would pave the way for new researchers in fuzzy mathematics to explore much more in this field.
Framework and Model for Cryptocurrency Innovation and its Impact on Economic Transformation
Authors: Ashoor Ahmed , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: July 2019

Cryptocurrency has gained an increasing interest as a new type of technology that is potentially both a leader and a destroyer to the payment industry on a global scale. However, the future of cryptocurrency is unclear because there are many different usage scenarios and different needs of the stakeholders. Blockchain technology is the infrastructure-enabling technology for the cryptocurrency. Blockchain technology has become very powerful and created the backbone of a new type of internet. This research article will give a better future perspective to study the conceptual framework and model for cryptocurrency acceptance and the continued usage of digital finance. This is by using potential business innovations by combining the theory of the innovation diffusion (IDT) and the technology acceptance model (TAM).
Reconstructing Diffusion Model for Virality Detection in News Spread Networks
Authors: Jain Kritika , Garg Ankit , Jain Somya
Published: July 2019

In today's competitive world, organizations take advantage of widely-available data to promote their products and increase their revenue. This is achieved by identifying the reader's preference for news genre and patterns in news spread network. Spreading news over the internet seems to be a continuous process which eventually triggers the evolution of temporal networks. This temporal network comprises of nodes and edges, where node corresponds to published articles and similar articles are connected via edges. The main focus of this article is to reconstruct a susceptible-infected (SI) diffusion model to discover the spreading pattern of news articles for virality detection. For experimental analysis, a dataset of news articles from four domains (business, technology, entertainment, and health) is considered and the articles' rate of diffusion is inferred and compared. This will help to build a recommendation system, i.e. recommending a particular domain for advertisement and marketing. Hence, it will assist to build strategies for effective product endorsement for sustainable profitability.
Optimization of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Semi-Solid Extruded AA2017 Alloy Rods
Authors: Ch Shashikanth , Venkateswarlu G , Davidson M J
Published: July 2019

The extrusion of copper-based aluminium alloys is difficult in the cold state. Extruding these alloys between the solidus and liquidus temperatures offer preferred properties on these alloys. In the present work, AA2017, a copper-based aluminium alloy has been extruded in the semi-solid state. The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the alloy vary at different temperatures between the solidus and liquidus temperatures. The aim of the present work is to optimize the process parameters, namely, temperature of billet, strain rate, approach angle and percentage reduction in area on the semi-solid extrusion of AA2017 alloy. Experiments were designed according to Taguchi experimental design and L9 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to find the significance of every process parameter on the thixo-extrusion process responses. The results indicate that percentage reduction area is the most important factor influencing the mechanical properties of thixo-extrusion specimen followed by temperature and strain rate.
Weighted SVMBoost based Hybrid Rule Extraction Methods for Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Potharlanka Jhansi Lakshmi , Turumella Maruthi Padmaja
Published: July 2019

The software testing efforts and costs are mitigated by appropriate automatic defect prediction models. So far, many automatic software defect prediction (SDP) models were developed using machine learning methods. However, it is difficult for the end users to comprehend the knowledge extracted from these models. Further, the SDP data is of unbalanced in nature, which hampers the model performance. To address these problems, this paper presents a hybrid weighted SVMBoost-based rule extraction model such as WSVMBoost and Decision Tree, WSVMBoost and Ripper, and WSVMBoost and Bayesian Network for SDP problems. The extraction of the rules from the opaque SVMBoost is carried out in two phases: (i) knowledge extraction, (ii) rule extraction. The experimental results on four NASA MDP datasets have shown that the WSVMBoost and Decision tree hybrid yielded better performance than the other hybrids and WSVM.
Social Entrepreneur's Networks and Institutional Environment
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos José Freitas , Ribeiro José Cadima
Published: July 2019

Institutional environments are widely regarded as a crucial advantage of regions to promote social entrepreneurship. However, there is scarce empirical support on the importance of network relationships and the ties that bind, both institutions and social entrepreneurs. This study contributes to filling this gap by analyzing network relationships and the institutional environment in Portugal. A quantitative approach is used in the study, using primary data collected through an online survey. A questionnaire was emailed to both Portuguese Non-Governmental Organizations and projects available on the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange. In the analysis of the data, the authors used descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis in an attempt to examine the links between network relationships and the institutional environment. The results we got show that a favorable institutional environment is not independent of the decision to start a new social venture.
Gender Neutrality
Authors: Goswami Anandajit , Goswami Sampurna , Senger Ashutosh
Published: July 2019

The main focus of this article is to critically analyse the associations between crime against women, gender neutrality and attainment of SDG 5 within the multicultural complex context of India. The article argues that to achieve gender equality and neutrality, changes must be made at the level of policy that empowers not only women but also the other genders. This has to be mainstreamed within policy making, by institutions and someday as a part of CSR through the creation of a shared value approach. The article argues that gender equality is not just about women's empowerment but also about empowering all other genders. For making its case, this article gives a detailed analysis of women's empowerment laws and goes on to make a case for the gender equality and neutrality by challenging the binary of man versus woman. The article makes a narrative about the imperative need of pushing gender neutrality in order to attain SDG-5 and sustainability in the middle of the unequal power relationship within every segment and sector of societies with complex cultural, class, caste divide and other inequities.
An Investigation of the Dialogical Communication Capacities of Turkish GSM Companies Websites
Authors: Atlı Dinçer
Published: July 2019

This article investigates the practice of dialogue through the websites of Turkish GSM companies. This study is theoretically derived from the relationship management perspective and is methodologically based on the dialogic communication principles of Kent and Taylor. The study examines the official websites of 3 Turkish GSM companies: Turkcell, Vodafone Turkiye and Turk Telekom. A preliminary content analysis was conducted in a pilot study to determine if there were distinctive features of Turkish GSM companies' websites that should be evaluated in the respective dialogic categories. Based on the results of the preliminary content analysis, a more comprehensive content analysis was performed to determine public relations practices offered via the internet.
Synthesis, Optical and Thermal Properties of 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-((5-(1-(Naphthalene-1-Yloxy)Ethyl)-[1,3,4]-Oxadiazol-2-Yl)Sulfanyl)Ethanoe - A Novel Heterocyclic Compound
Authors: Shruthi C. , Ravindrachary V. , Byrappa K. , Guruswamy B. , Goveas Janet , Kumara Karthik , Lokanath N.K.
Published: July 2019

A novel heterocyclic compound, 1-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2-((5-(1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) ethyl) -[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl) sulfanyl) ethanone was synthesized using standard method and chemical structure of the synthesized compound was identified using FTIR spectrum. Needle shaped single crystals have been grown using solution growth technique. The grown crystals were characterized using single crystal XRD, UV-visible and Thermal analysis. The crystal structure study shows that the compound crystallizes in Monoclinic crystal system with a space group of P21/a and cell parameters are determined. UV-Visible study shows that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. The thermal stability of the material was determined by TG and DTA analysis.
Increasing the Dimensional Accuracy of U-Bend Product of High Strength Steel Sheets by Pressure Pad
Authors: Leetrakul Pongsakorn , Lawanwong Komgrit
Published: July 2019

To reduce springback in U-shape of high strength steel sheet, the present paper proposes a new process parameter in U-bending technique. This paper aims to present the effect of clearance between die and pressure pad on springback behavior. The process in this work consists of four steps: (1) clamping of a sheet between a punch and a pressure pad, (2) bending with constant clamping force, (3) pushing-up at bottom of the part by using the pressure pad, and (4) final release tool. From the experimental results, decreasing of bending moment by bottom pushing-up resulted in the springback reduction. An appropriate of the clearance between die and pressure pad combined with bottom pushing-up force can be reduced springback. Our results suggested that the Y-U model, an advanced kinematic hardening, is essential for accurate numerical simulation of springback behavior.
Preventing Casting Defects of Stainless Steel Flanges Using a Water-Soaking Method
Authors: Huang Pei Hsing , Huang Wei Ju , Chou Chuen Shii
Published: July 2019

High-precision flanges are used in conjunction with O-rings, bolts, and nuts in a variety of pipe connections to prevent the leakage of harmful fluids. Flanges require good hermeticity; i.e., without pores, cavities, blow holes, or other shrinkage defects. This study employed mold flow analysis to predict where and how defects are likely to occur during the casting process. In this study, we soaked the bottom of the casting system in cold water to direct the direction of solidification from the bottom upward. Simulation results indicate that this method significantly reduces the probability of shrinkage defects in castings.
Single Edge Precrack V-Notched Beam (SEPVNB) Fracture Toughness Testing on Silicon Nitride
Authors: Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Lube Tanja
Published: July 2019

The previous Measurement of fracture toughness test by using bright indentation for precracked beam method (ASTM C1421) was found difficult to be carried out due to difficulty in precrack generation and measurement of the crack size. In this research single edge precrack V-notch beam (SEPVNB) is introduced as an alternative to solve the problem from previous standardized method. A real crack that can created with referred size is recognized as the best condition for fracture toughness test. The material prepared for this purpose was silicon nitride (Si3N4) produced by CeramTec (Plochingen, Germany) under the name SL200 B. It is a gas pressure sintered ceramic containing 3 wt.% Al2O3 and 3 wt.% Y2O3. The V Notch was prepared by using razor blade with diamond paste following ISO/FDIS 23146 standard preparation with more addition on precrack introduction. The precrack was introduced by so called opposite roller loading. The fracture toughness test was carried out by following procedure in ISO/FDIS 23146 . The result then was compared for validation with both single edge V-notch beam standard (ISO/FDIS 23146 ) and Surface crack in Flexure SCF (ASTM C 1421). The result of fracture toughness by using method that is introduce in this research is found 5.8270.275 MPa1/2 which is close to the result of SCF (5.335 0.222 MPa1/2). Meanwhile the value of fracture toughness by using V-notch beam is 4.9130.098 MPa1/2
Effects of the Inclusion of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons on the Electrical Conduction Properties of NN-Heterojunction 4H-6H/SiC Diodes
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Haroon , Koel Ants , Rang Toomas
Published: July 2019

In recent years, graphene has sparked the interest of researchers due to its promising electrical and physical attributes. These attributes make it highly suitable to develop electronic devices with ultra-high mobility of charge carriers. Meanwhile silicon carbide (SiC), a wide bandgap semiconductor material, is being used for high temperature optoelectronic applications. SiC has more than 250 different crystalline forms, these are called polytypes. Some of these polytypes (such as 4H-SiC, 6H-SiC and 3C-SiC) have exceptional physical and electrical properties. Electronic devices which have SiC and graphene as their constituent materials may combine the outstanding attributes of both materials. This article attempts to simulate electronic devices having SiC and graphene as their constituent materials. For this purpose, simulations of a novel nn-heterojunction 4H-6H/SiC diodes with the inclusion of an armchair nanoribbon layer have been carried out. All of the simulations have been run using QuantumWise Atomistix Toolkit (ATK) software, which is an atomic scale electronic device simulator. The density of the states, charge carrier densities and current-voltage curves of the simulated devices have been computed. The simulation results showed a significant improvement in the electrical conduction properties of nn-heterojunction 4H-6H/SiC diodes after the inclusion of the armchair graphene nanoribbons. These simulations provide the groundwork for our future experiments, which will be targeted on fabricating high mobility diodes and/or field effect transistors.
Artificial Neural Networks Estimation for Thicknesses of Multilayer Nano-Scale Films
Authors: Wu Tzong Daw , Chen Jiun Shen , Tseng Ching Pei , Hsieh Cheng Chang
Published: July 2019

This study presents a real-time method for determining the thickness of each layer in multilayer thin films. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were introduced to estimate thicknesses from a transmittance spectrum. After training via theoretical spectra which were generated by thin-film optics and modified by noise, ANNs were applied to estimate the thicknesses of four-layer nanoscale films which were TiO2, Ag, Ti, and TiO2 thin films assembled sequentially on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The results reveal that the mean squared error of the estimation is 2.6 nm2, and is accurate enough to monitor film growth in real time.
Rapid Pyrolysis of Pulverized Coal for the Preparation of Nanostructured Powder Activated Coke
Authors: Fu Jia Peng , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Bin Xuan , Wang Tao , Ma Chuan Yuan
Published: July 2019

By rapid pyrolysis of pulverized coal in oxygen and steam atmosphere, powder activated coke (PAC) nanostructured carbon material was derived by one step. Then, nitrogen adsorption measurement, scanning electric measurement (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test were conducted to analyse the detail characteristic of the obtained PACs. The results showed that the one-step pulverized coal rapid pyrolysis process was an effective method for the production of PAC powders. The mixture of oxygen and steam as the activating agent was essential during the pyrolysis progress. Oxygen act as the most important fast activating agent for the pore formation, while steam activation protected the material matrix and weakly affected pore growth. The composition and concentration of oxygen and steam had a great effect on pore structure, surface micromorphology and functional groups of PACs. The mixed oxygen and steam atmosphere exhibited a tightly tailored micropore structure. By further optimizing activating oxygen and steam composition, the PAC products could have considerable pore structures, respectable surface morphology and functional groups.
Synthesis, Characterization and its Photocatalytic of Copper Oxide (CuO) Powder
Authors: Pookmanee Pusit , Sangthep Pimpaka , Tafun Jiratchaya , Kruefu Viruntachar , Kojinok Suchanya , Phanichphant Sukon
Published: July 2019

In this research, copper oxide (CuO) powder was successfully synthesized by microwave method. Copper acetate and sodium hydroxide were used as the starting precursors. The microwave power was annealed at 600-800 Watt for 6 min. The fine black powder was obtained, milled and dried at 80 °C for 12 h. The structure was identified by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). A monoclinic single phase was obtained without calcination steps. The morphology was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The particle was irregular in shape and agglomerated. The chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDXS). The chemical compositions showed the characteristic X-ray energy of copper (Cu, Lα = 0.929 keV) and oxygen (O, Kα = 0.525 keV). The functional group was investigated by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The functional groups of the vibration Cu-O bending showed the wavenumber at 514-615 cm-1. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) over CuO powder was studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The highest percentage of MB degradation for CuO powder annealed at 800 Watt for 6 min was about 33.72.
Surface, Temperature and Optical Properties Pd-TiO2 Doped PVA Nanocomposite
Authors: Guruswamy B. , Ravindrachary V. , Shruthi C. , Mylarappa M. , Obaiah G.O.
Published: July 2019

The effect of Pd-TiO2 nanoparticle doping on structural, optical and thermal properties of the PVA polymer has been investigated using FTIR, UV-Visible, TGA and FESEM analysis. nanosized Pd-TiO2 particles were synthesized using standard method. Pure and Pd-TiO2/PVA nanocomposite films were prepared using solution casting technique. The FTIR study confirmed that the Pd-TiO2 nanoparticles interacts with the OH group of PVA polymer and forms the complex. The presence of these complexes affects the optical and thermal properties the composite. The change in the optical properties was studied using UV-Vis absorption method. The effect of doping on the thermal properties was studied using TGA method and the modified surface morphology using FESEM.
Roles of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in Autoantibody Production in IL-2–Deficient Mice
Authors: Xie Markus M , Liu Hong , Corn Caleb , Koh Byung-Hee , Kaplan Mark H , Turner Matthew J , Dent Alexander L
Published: July 2019

Autoantibodies can result from excessive T follicular helper (Tfh) cell activity, whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells negatively regulate autoantibody production. IL-2 knockout (KO) mice on the BALB/c background have elevated Tfh responses, produce autoantibodies, and develop lethal autoimmunity. We analyzed Tfh and Tfr cells in IL-2 KO mice on the C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background. In B6 IL-2 KO mice, the spontaneous formation of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells was greatly enhanced, along with production of anti-DNA autoantibodies. IL-2 has been reported to repress Tfr cell differentiation; however, Tfr cells were not increased over wild-type levels in the B6 IL-2 KO mice. To assess Tfh and Tfr cell regulation of autoantibody production in IL-2 KO mice, we generated IL-2 KO mice with a T cell–specific deletion of the master Tfh cell transcription factor Bcl6. In IL-2 KO Bcl6 conditional KO (2KO-Bcl6TC) mice, Tfh cells, Tfr cells, and germinal center B cells were ablated. In contrast to expectations, autoantibody IgG titers in 2KO-Bcl6TC mice were significantly elevated over autoantibody IgG titers in IL-2 KO mice. Specific deletion of Tfr cells with Foxp3-cre Bcl6-flox alleles in IL-2 KO mice led to early lethality, before high levels of autoantibodies could develop. We found IL-2+/+ Tfr cell–deficient mice produce significant levels of autoantibodies. Our overall findings provide evidence that Tfh cells are dispensable for high-level production of autoantibodies and also reveal a complex interplay between Tfh and Tfr cells in autoantibody production and autoimmune disease.
Non-Ischemic Scar Underlines Ventricular Arrhythmias in Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
Authors: Figliozzi Stefano , Zorzi Alessandro , Perazzolo Marra Martina , Ruocco Alessandro , Iliceto Sabino , Corrado Domenico , Calore Chiara
Published: July 2019

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare mitochondrial disease in which cardiac involvement has been associated with poor prognosis. Although the most common clinical manifestation is progressive conduction system impairment, patients can suffer from ventricular arrhythmias. Yet, they show a high prevalence of sudden cardiac death, whose etiopathological mechanism is not completely understood. Cardiac magnetic resonance is a rising tool to detect subclinical heart involvement in many heart diseases and was recently able to detect nonischemic scar, which is an arrhythmogenic substrate, in patients affected by KSS.
Plant sterols and sterolins for maintaining the immune system
Authors: Bouic Patrick J.D.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
The effect of Gallium Aluminium Arsenide laser on fibroblast activity: An in vitro dosimetry study
Authors: Mars Susan , Chuturgoon Anil , Pillay Dhamarai , Mars Maurice
Published: July 2019

The effect of different doses of low intensity laser therapy (L.I.L.T.) on human fibroblasts was investigated to determine the optimal dose required to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Human fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and irradiated with different energy densities of 83Onm continuous output infra-red laser using a Gallium Aluminium Arsenide laser. The fibroblasts were irradiated on three consecutive days at energy densities, ranging from 0.2 to 5 J.cm2, delivered at an average radiant power of 30 mW, and at a constant distance of lcm from the fibroblasts. Fibroblast activity was assessed on the fourth day using a calorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) cleavage assay. There was a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation at laser treatment energy densities of 0.4 J.cm2 and 5 J.cm2. Difficulties associated with in vivo and in vitro studies of the effect of laser treatment are discussed.
Development of a knowledge‐based medical expert system to infer supportive treatment suggestions for pediatric patients
Authors: Celik Ertugrul Duygu , Ulusoy Ali Hakan
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the design, implementation, and potential use of an ontology‐based mobile pediatric consultation and monitoring system, which is a smart healthcare expert system for pediatric patients. The proposed system provides remote consultation and monitoring of pediatric patients during their illness at places distant from medical service areas. The system not only shares instant medical data with a pediatrician but also examines the data as a smart medical assistant to detect any emergency situation. In addition, it uses an inference engine to infer instant suggestions for performing certain initial medical treatment steps when necessary. The applied methodologies and main technical contributions have three aspects: (a) pediatric consultation and monitoring ontology, (b) semantic Web rule knowledge base, and (c) inference engine. Two case studies with real pediatric patients are provided and discussed. The reported results of the applied case studies are promising, and they demonstrate the applicability, effectiveness, and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Identifying Homogeneous Outcome Groups in Adult Rehabilitation Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Custer Melba G. , Huebner Ruth A.
Published: July 2019

Importance: Adults receiving occupational therapy in inpatient rehabilitation are a heterogeneous population with differing needs, outcomes, and rehabilitation processes. Outcome studies based on what works for all clients may obscure the needs of population subgroups who benefit unequally from rehabilitation services.

Objective: To identify subgroups on the basis of client satisfaction and progress in functional self-care among a diverse rehabilitation population and to understand subgroup differences in occupational therapy and rehabilitation processes and client discharge status.

Design: Using an existing dataset, we used K-means cluster analysis of demographics, status at admission, and the outcomes of satisfaction and change in self-care to identify five homogeneous outcome groups. Occupational therapy and rehabilitation processes and discharge status were compared across subgroups.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital.

Participants: The dataset included 1,099 inpatients age 18 yr and older who received occupational therapy over a 27-mo period.

Measures: Admission measures included the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility–Patient Assessment Instrument and self-care items of the FIM™. The Satisfaction with Continuum of Care–Revised was administered after discharge.

Results: Five subgroups showed statistically different patterns of medical complications, functional self-care, rates of progress, satisfaction with intervention, and course of treatment. The profile of each group suggests differing therapeutic needs. Although all groups made significant gains in functional self-care, two groups continued to need physical assistance at discharge.

Conclusions and Relevance: Cluster analysis proved useful in segmenting a typical heterogeneous rehabilitation population into more homogeneous subgroups to enhance understanding of clinical needs and to potentially increase the potency of outcomes research.

What This Article Adds: This research identified subgroups within a typical population of rehabilitation clients receiving occupational therapy and identified their unique needs and outcomes using cluster analysis techniques.
The influence of residential wood combustion on the concentrations of PM2.5 in four Nordic cities
Authors: Kukkonen Jaakko , López-Aparicio Susana , Segersson David , Geels Camilla , Kangas Leena , Kauhaniemi Mari , Maragkidou Androniki , Jensen Anne , Assmuth Timo , Karppinen Ari , Sofiev Mikhail , Hellen Heidi , Riikonen Kari , Nikmo Juha , Kousa Anu , Niemi Jarkko V. , Karvosenoja Niko , Santos Gabriela Sousa , Sundvor Ingrid , Im Ulas , Christensen Jesper H. , Nielsen Ole-Kenneth , Plejdrup Marlene S. , Nøjgaard Jacob Klenø , Omstedt Gunnar , Andersson Camilla , Forsberg Bertil , Brandt Jørgen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Residential wood combustion (RWC) is an important contributor to air quality in numerous regions worldwide. This study is the first extensive evaluation of the influence of RWC on ambient air quality in several Nordic cities. We have analyzed the emissions and concentrations of PM2.5 in cities within four Nordic countries: the metropolitan areas of Copenhagen, Oslo and Helsinki, and Umeå. We have evaluated the emissions for the relevant urban source categories and modelled atmospheric dispersion on regional and urban scales. The emission inventories for RWC were based on local surveys, the amount of wood combusted, combustion technologies and other relevant factors. The accuracy of the predicted concentrations was evaluated based on urban concentration measurements. The predicted annual average concentrations ranged spatially from 4 to 7 μg/m3 (2011), from 6 to 10 μg/m3 (2013), from 4 to more than 13 μg/m3 (2013) and from 9 to more than 13 μg/m3 (2014), in Umeå, Helsinki, Oslo and Copenhagen, respectively. The higher concentrations in Copenhagen were mainly caused by the higher long-range transported background. The annual average fractions of PM2.5 concentrations attributed to RWC within the considered urban regions ranged spatially from 0 to 15 %, from 0 to 20 %, from 8 to 30 % and from 0 to 60 % in Helsinki, Copenhagen, Umeå and Oslo, respectively. In particular, the contributions of RWC in central Oslo were larger than 40 % as annual averages. In Oslo, wood combustion was used mainly for the heating of larger blocks of flats. On the contrary, in Helsinki, RWC was solely used in smaller detached houses. In Copenhagen and Helsinki, the highest fractions occurred outside the city center in the suburban areas. In Umeå, the highest fractions occurred both in the city centre and its surroundings. Stricter and more efficient emission regulations should be set in the Nordic countries with respect to RWC, especially in urban areas, for the protection of human health.