bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The results of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic
Authors: Jochum Malte , Fischer Markus , Isbell Forest , Roscher Christiane , van der Plas Fons , Boch Steffen , Boenisch Gerhard , Buchmann Nina , Catford Jane A. , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Ebeling Anne , Eisenhauer Nico , Gleixner Gerd , Hölzel Norbert , Kattge Jens , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Lange Markus , Le Provost Gaëtane , Meyer Sebastian T. , Molina-Venegas Rafael , Mommer Liesje , Oelmann Yvonne , Penone Caterina , Prati Daniel , Reich Peter B. , Rindisbacher Abiel , Schäfer Deborah , Scheu Stefan , Schmid Bernhard , Tilman David , Tscharntke Teja , Vogel Anja , Wagg Cameron , Weigelt Alexandra , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Wilcke Wolfgang , Manning Peter
Published: August 2019

A large body of research shows that biodiversity loss can reduce ecosystem functioning, thus providing support for the conservation of biological diversity1–4. Much of the evidence for this relationship is drawn from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments (hereafter: biodiversity experiments), in which biodiversity loss is simulated by randomly assembling communities of varying species diversity, and ecosystem functions are measured5–9. This random assembly has led some ecologists to question the relevance of biodiversity experiments to real-world ecosystems, where community assembly may often be non-random and influenced by external drivers, such as climate or land-use intensification10–18. Despite these repeated criticisms, there has been no comprehensive, quantitative assessment of how experimental and real-world plant communities really differ, and whether these differences invalidate the experimental results. Here, we compare data from two of the largest and longest-running grassland biodiversity experiments globally (Jena Experiment, Germany; BioDIV, USA) to related real-world grassland plant communities in terms of their taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and functional-trait composition. We found that plant communities of biodiversity experiments have greater variance in these compositional features than their real-world counterparts, covering almost all of the variation of the real-world communities (82-96%) while also containing community types that are not currently observed in the real world. We then re-analysed a subset of experimental data that included only ecologically-realistic communities, i.e. those comparable to real-world communities. For ten out of twelve biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, biodiversity effects did not differ significantly between the full dataset of biodiversity experiments and the ecologically-realistic subset of experimental communities. This demonstrates that the results of biodiversity experiments are largely insensitive to the inclusion/exclusion of unrealistic communities. By bridging the gap between experimental and real-world studies, these results demonstrate the validity of inferences from biodiversity experiments, a key step in translating their results into specific recommendations for real-world biodiversity management.
A dual foveal-peripheral visual processing model implements efficient saccade selection
Authors: Daucé Emmanuel , Albiges Pierre , Perrinet Laurent U
Published: August 2019

We develop a visuomotor model that implements visual search as a focal accuracy-seeking policy, with the target’s position and category drawn independently from a common generative process. Consistently with the anatomical separation between the ventral versus dorsal pathways, the model is composed of two pathways, that respectively infer what to see and where to look. The “What” network is a classical deep learning classifier, that only processes a small region around the center of fixation, providing a “foveal” accuracy. In contrast, the “Where” network processes the full visual field in a biomimetic fashion, using a log-polar retinotopic encoding, which is preserved up to the action selection level. The foveal accuracy is used to train the “Where” network. After training, the “Where” network provides an “accuracy map” that serves to guide the eye toward peripheral objects. The comparison of both networks accuracies amounts to either select a saccade or to keep the eye at the center to identify the target. We test this setup on a simple task of finding a digit in a large, cluttered image. Our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, increasing by one order of magnitude the radius of the visual field toward which the agent can detect and recognize a target, either through a single saccade or with multiple ones. Importantly, our log-polar treatment of the visual information exploits the strong compression rate performed at the sensory level, providing ways to implement visual search in a sub-linear fashion, in contrast with mainstream computer vision.
More Severe Loss-of-Function Sodium Channel induced by Compound SCN5A R965C and R1309H Mutants lead to Complex Familial Arrhythmia Syndrome
Authors: Lin Yubi , Qin Jiading , Shen Yuhui , Jiang Bin , Lin Xiufang
Published: August 2019

[Abstract]

Objective

A complex familial arrhythmia syndrome was identified in a Chinese Han family, characterized by sick sinus syndrome, progressive conduction block, atrial fibrillation, atrial standstill and Brugada syndrome. The underlying mechanism associated with the genetic mutation was investigated.

Methods

Genetic analysis was conducted for probands in the coding and splicing regions of genes susceptible to cardiac arrhythmia diseases. The stable cell lines overexpressing wild-type (WT) or mutant SCN5A gene were generated in HEK293T cells and electrophysiological recordings were performed to evaluate the functional changes of mutant NaV1.5 channels.

Results

We identified a rare double R965C and R1309H mutations in NaV1.5 channel, as a heterozygous and compound pattern, locating in the same chromosome. Compared to WT, a single mutation of R965C or R1309H, the compound mutations of R965C-R1309H most dramatically reduced the peak current of NaV1.5 channel with testing potentials ranging from −35 mV to 25 mV. Notably, the maximal peak current of NaV1.5 channel carrying R1309H only and R965C-R1309H mutations displayed significant decreases by 31.5% and 73.34%, respectively, compared to WT. Additionally, compared to single mutations of R965C or R1309H, the R965C-R1309H mutations resulted in more obviously depolarization-shifted activation and hyperpolarization-shifted inactivation, also caused most significantly changed time constant, V1/2 and slope factor of activation and inactivation.

Conclusions

The compound mutations of R965C-R1309H led to more dramatically reduced current density of Nav1.5 channel, as well as more depolarization-shifted activation and hyperpolarization-shifted inactivation than single mutation of R965C or R1309H, which may provide more understanding on the molecular mechanisms underlying the familial arrhythmia syndrome.

Author summary

Several limited types of research about the interaction of compound mutations and the mechanism of interaction remains controversial. Here we report a novel compound mutation R965C-R1309H in SCN5A gene.The compound mutations of R965C-R1309H markedly reduced the Na+ current density of Nav1.5 channel and caused significant depolarization-shifted activation and hyperpolarization-shifted inactivation, suggesting that R965C mutation aggravated the pore gating changes of sodium channel containing R1309H mutation. The R965C located in the S4-like region in the intracellular loop between DII and DIII, and the R1309H located in the S4 helix of DIII as voltage sensor, which thus potentially had synergistic and interacting effects on pore gating properties of the sodium channel. Additionally, the complex familial arrhythmia syndrome simultaneously complicated of early young onset of arrhythmia and harmful prognosis of recurrent ischemic cerebral stroke, even though effective Warfarin anticoagulation.
Symptoms expression of bakanae disease following seed treatment with phytohormone and metabolites
Authors: Quazi Shireen A. Jahan , Meon Sariah , Ahmad Zainal Abidin B.M. , Jaafar Hawa
Published: August 2019

Gibberellic acid (GA3) phytohormone responsible for bakanae disease development is well-known and identified. But a number of secondary metabolites along with GA3, produced by the causal pathogen in relation to bakanae symptoms expression were unknown. Therefore, the aims of this research were to evaluate the symptoms expression analysis of bakanae disease by pre-seed treatment with pure (synthetic) phytohormones and metabolites in susceptible rice variety MR 211. The typical bakanae symptoms were evaluated by applying pure GA3, FA and MON either singly or in mixtures. It was confirmed that higher concentration of GA3singly or with higher concentration of GA3and MON in mixtures, caused unusual elongation of internodes. Plants became stunted when high concentration of FA was applied. Browning of leaves and stems, crown rot, root necrosis occurred and root length was decreased when mixtures of higher concentration of FA *MON*GA3were used as pre-treatment. Similar observations were noted in plants inoculated withF. proliferatumat different score levels. The mechanisms of bakanae disease development through different symptoms expression in susceptible variety infected withF. proliferatumwere identified.
Scanning transmission electron diffraction methods
Authors: Eggeman Alexander Stuart
Published: August 2019

Scanning diffraction experiments are approaches that take advantage of many of the recent advances in technology (e.g.computer control, detectors, data storage and analysis) for the transmission electron microscope, allowing the crystal structure of materials to be studied with extremely high precision at local positions across large areas of sample. The ability to map the changing crystal structure makes such experiments a powerful tool for the study of microstructure in all its forms from grains and orientations, to secondary phases and interfaces, strain and defects. This review will introduce some of the fundamental concepts behind the breadth of the technique and showcase some of the recent developments in experiment development and applications to materials.
3D electron diffraction techniques
Authors: Gemmi Mauro , Lanza Arianna E.
Published: August 2019

3D electron diffraction is an emerging technique for the structural analysis of nanocrystals. The challenges that 3D electron diffraction has to face for providing reliable data for structure solution and the different ways of overcoming these challenges are described. The route from zone axis patterns towards 3D electron diffraction techniques such as precession-assisted electron diffraction tomography, rotation electron diffraction and continuous rotation is also discussed. Finally, the advantages of the new hybrid detectors with high sensitivity and fast readout are demonstrated with a proof of concept experiment of continuous rotation electron diffraction on a natrolite nanocrystal.
Specifics of the data processing of precession electron diffraction tomography data and their implementation in the program PETS2.0
Authors: Palatinus Lukáš , Brázda Petr , Jelínek Martin , Hrdá Jaromíra , Steciuk Gwladys , Klementová Mariana
Published: August 2019

Electron diffraction tomography (EDT) data are in many ways similar to X-ray diffraction data. However, they also present certain specifics. One of the most noteworthy is the specific rocking curve observed for EDT data collected using the precession electron diffraction method. This double-peaked curve (dubbed `the camel') may be described with an approximation based on a circular integral of a pseudo-Voigt function and used for intensity extraction by profile fitting. Another specific aspect of electron diffraction data is the high likelihood of errors in the estimation of the crystal orientation, which may arise from the inaccuracies of the goniometer reading, crystal deformations or crystal movement during the data collection. A method for the refinement of crystal orientation for each frame individually is proposed based on the least-squares optimization of simulated diffraction patterns. This method provides typical angular accuracy of the frame orientations of less than 0.05°. These features were implemented in the computer program PETS 2.0. The implementation of the complete data processing workflow in the program PETS and the incorporation of the features specific for electron diffraction data is also described.
Inelastic scattering and solvent scattering reduce dynamical diffraction in biological crystals
Authors: Latychevskaia Tatiana , Abrahams Jan Pieter
Published: August 2019

Multi-slice simulations of electron diffraction by three-dimensional protein crystals have indicated that structure solution would be severely impeded by dynamical diffraction, especially when crystals are more than a few unit cells thick. In practice, however, dynamical diffraction turned out to be less of a problem than anticipated on the basis of these simulations. Here it is shown that two scattering phenomena, which are usually omitted from multi-slice simulations, reduce the dynamical effect: solvent scattering reduces the phase differences within the exit beam and inelastic scattering followed by elastic scattering results in diffusion of dynamical scattering out of Bragg peaks. Thus, these independent phenomena provide potential reasons for the apparent discrepancy between theory and practice in protein electron crystallography.
Ab initio determination of atomic structure of Zn–Zr precipitates in a Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy
Authors: Wang W. Z. , Zhou X. Z. , Yang Z. Q. , Qi Y. , Ye H. Q.
Published: August 2019

The atomic structure of nanometre-sized Zn–Zr precipitates in a Mg alloy is determined by combining tilt series of micro-beam electron diffraction with atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging. The stoichiometry of the Zn–Zr precipitates is Zn2Zr3 with a primitive tetragonal structure (space group P42/mnm, a = b = 0.761 nm, c = 0.682 nm). There are 20 atoms in the unit cell of tetragonal Zn2Zr3, comprising 12 Zr atoms at the 4d, 4f, 4g positions and eight Zn atoms at the 8j positions.
Megatek: “Do it right, do it yourself”
Authors: Garo Elona , Kume Vasilika
Published: August 2019

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes are as follows: examining the attributes and characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, understanding the biggest challenges entrepreneurs are facing in the process of developing their own business, understanding how to lead change and create competitive advantage in an emerging economy, identifying the challenges and pressuring the business in facing the retail industry and discussing and debating the challenge of diversification strategy and the risks associated with it.

Case overview/synopsis

It was year 2009 when the largest hypermarket in Albania, “Do it Yourself”, opened its doors to the public by bringing in Albania an important investment. This investment was significant for the country because it materialized in the midst of the world economic crisis. The company hired 500 employees, a big number for the size of the country. The 160,000 m2 area facility is strategically located 6 km from Tirana International Airport and 8 km from the center of Tirana, the capital city. The interior of the Hypermarket Retail Store occupies 20,000 m2 retail, 12,000 m2 wholesale and 2,600 m2 office space. The rest is green space and parking. Megatek carries a range of 51,000 products in different categories as homemade decorations, lighting and electrical, building materials, tools, gardening, heating and cooling, painting, wood and flooring. The products are available at a brick and mortar store and also online; the products are also home delivered. The company has been devoted to contribute to consumer education, quality service delivery and quality products at competitive prices. Armed with eight years of continuing success, Dionis was facing a critical decision. Should he expand or stand pat? Should he diversify the activity or maintain focus? Meanwhile, Megatek’s challenges on growing its business remain vivid. A couple of changes in the external environment ask for smart responses in the internal environment.

Complexity academic level

BA and Master level students.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy
Survey of applications, challenges and opportunities in fog computing
Authors: Bala Mohammad Irfan , Chishti Mohammad Ahsan
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Fog computing is a new field of research and has emerged as a complement to the cloud which can mitigate the problems inherent to the cloud computing model such as unreliable latency, bandwidth constraints, security and mobility. This paper aims to provide detailed survey in the field of fog computing covering the current state-of-the-art in fog computing.

Design/methodology/approach

Cloud was developed for IT and not for Internet of Things (IoT); as a result, cloud is unable to meet the computing, storage, control and networking demands of the IoT applications. Fog is a companion for the cloud and aims to extend the cloud capabilities to the edge of the network.

Findings

Lack of survey papers in the area of fog computing was an important motivational factor for writing this paper. This paper highlights the capabilities of the fog computing and where it fits in between IoT and cloud. This paper has also presented architecture of the fog computing model and its characteristics. Finally, the challenges in the field of fog computing have been discussed in detail which need to be overcome to realize its full potential.

Originality/value

This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in fog computing. Lack of such papers increases the importance of this paper. It also includes challenges and opportunities in the fog computing and various possible solutions to overcome those challenges.
Mozart or pop music? Effects of background music on wine consumers
Authors: De Luca Modesto , Campo Raffaele , Lee Rosalind
Published: August 2019

Purpose

A considerable body of literature has shown how the perception of flavor is the result of a multi-sensory combination. Starting with this premise, this paper aims to verify how music impacts on wine flavor.

Design/methodology/approach

An experiment was organized as follows: it focuses on the influence of music on the taste of red and white wine, in particular, two kinds of music were transmitted, namely, classical and pop. Participants had to listen to music through headphones tasting, in the meanwhile, 40 mL of wine (an merlot and a chardonnay). After this experience, they had to give an evaluation about some attributes of the wine. The attributes to be evaluated were: sparkling, refreshing, delicate, refined, sweet, sour, alcoholic and pleasant. Data were finally analyzed by using the ANOVA model.

Findings

They highlight that a chardonnay is perceived to be more delicate and sweeter if accompanied by a classical music background; in the case of Merlot, on the other hand, it is perceived as less alcohol when high-volume pop music is transmitted. Implications are finally discussed.

Originality/value

The influence of hearing on taste is underestimated in the literature. The originality of this manuscript consists of comparing two different music genders and their impact on wine consumers in an Italian context. Moreover, the analysis of marketing implications represents a novelty for these kind of studies.
Bayesian flexible mixture model with rating conversion on multi-criteria recommender system
Authors: Jirachanchaisiri Pongsakorn , Kitsupapaisan Janekhwan , Maneeroj Saranya
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Multi-criteria recommender systems (MC-RSs) allow users to express their preference in multiple aspects. Bayesian flexible mixture model (BFMM) is a model-based RS which extends FMM from single-criterion to MC. However, results of BFMM have a preference on different rating pattern problem. In single-criterion, FMM with decoupled normalization and W’s transposed function try to solve this problem. However, these techniques are applied to each criterion separately. Then, the relationship among criteria will be lost. This paper aims to solve different rating pattern problems and loss of the relationship between criteria.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed method is combining between BFMM and rating conversion. First, mean and variance normalization is applied to make MC ratings of an active user and a neighbor lying on the same plane. After that, a pattern of each user is extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Next, the pattern is used to convert neighbors’ MC ratings to the active user aspect. After that, converted MC ratings of neighbors are aggregated to be overall ratings using multiple linear regression (MLR). Finally, overall rating of the active user toward the target item is predicted using weighted average on the derived neighbors’ overall ratings where the similarity from BFMM acts as a weight.

Findings

The experimental results show that the proposed method where all criteria ratings are converted simultaneously can improve the performance of recommendation.

Originality/value

The proposed method predicts overall rating of the active user by converting MC ratings of each neighbor to the active user aspect at the same time, which can reduce the loss of the relationship between criteria.
Governance quality, foreign direct investment, and entrepreneurship in emerging markets
Authors: Tran Nam Hoai , Dat Le Chi
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the interplay between institutions, foreign direct investment (FDI) and entrepreneurship in the context of emerging markets (EMs).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors argue that the impact of FDI on entrepreneurial activity depends on different natures of capital flow and entrepreneurial motivation and relates to the quality of institutional environment. First, the roles of inward and outward FDI are examined in connection with the new firm creation by opportunity- and necessity-motivated entrepreneurs. Second, the integrated influences of (inward/outward) FDI and governance quality (GQ) on (opportunity/necessity) entrepreneurship are tested. This nexus of relationships is analyzed through segmented regressions using the GEM data of 39 EMs over the 2004–2015 period.

Findings

It is evidenced that the quality of governance infrastructure affects the relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship: in emerging countries with low GQ, opportunity entrepreneurship is stimulated by inward FDI and diminished by outward FDI; and in emerging countries with high GQ, necessity entrepreneurship is discouraged by inward FDI and promoted by outward FDI.

Practical implications

This research has implications for the institutional context-based execution of public policy in emerging economies. As the entrepreneurial effects of inward and outward FDI are pronounced differently under the two types of entrepreneurship and the two extremes of GQ, public policy makers who recognize the catalytic role of FDI in domestic business development should take the distinct institutional context of their country into consideration.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the extant literature on international entrepreneurship in emerging economies by making a breakdown on the roles played by different types of FDI in the entrepreneurial activity, analyzing the mediating effects of GQ on the relationship between inward/outward FDI and entrepreneurship, and interpreting the capital and institutional determinants of entrepreneurship in terms of entrepreneurial motivations by opportunity and necessity.
Association between organizational norms and employee productivity in higher education
Authors: Singh Abhilasha
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of organizational norms on employee productivity within the higher education sector in UAE.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research approach was used to investigate 89 respondents from higher education institutions. An online survey approach was used to investigate the opinions of respondents with regard to the impact of organizational norms on employee productivity in UAE. The data were then statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Findings

The results showed a positive association between the investigated organizational norms and employee productivity. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between age and organizational norms. Increase in employee age corresponds to an increase in employee productivity.

Originality/value

This study has made a novel contribution, since there is a significant lack of research surrounding the influence of organizational norms on employee productivity in the higher education institutions in UAE.
Using neural network model to estimate the rental price of residential properties
Authors: Oshodi Olalekan Shamsideen , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku , Odubiyi Tawakalitu Bisola , Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Estimation of the rental price of a residential property is important to real estate investors, financial institutions, buyers and the government. These estimates provide information for assessing the economic viability and the tax accruable, respectively. The purpose of this study is to develop a neural network model for estimating the rental prices of residential properties in Cape Town, South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected on 14 property attributes and the rental prices were collected from relevant sources. The neural network algorithm was used for model estimation and validation. The data relating to 286 residential properties were collected in 2018.

Findings

The results show that the predictive accuracy of the developed neural network model is 78.95 per cent. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the model, it was revealed that balcony and floor area have the most significant impact on the rental price of residential properties. However, parking type and swimming pool had the least impact on rental price. Also, the availability of garden and proximity of police station had a low impact on rental price when compared to balcony.

Practical implications

In the light of these results, the developed neural network model could be used to estimate rental price for taxation. Also, the significant variables identified need to be included in the designs of new residential homes and this would ensure optimal returns to the investors.

Originality/value

A number of studies have shown that crime influences the value of residential properties. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is limited research investigating this relationship within the South African context.
Value capture taxation: alternate sources of revenue for Sub-Central government in Australia
Authors: Mangioni Vince
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Australia’s Future Tax System (2009) among its recommendations identified the need for realignment of tax revenue across the tiers of government in Australia, as well as the need to raise additional revenue from land-based taxes. In achieving these objectives, this paper aims to examine the revenues generated from land and how capital gains tax may be reconceptualised as a value capture tax resulting from the rapid urbanisation of Australia’s cities. The development of a theoretical framework realigns the emerging rationale of a value capture tax, as a means for revenue to be divested from central government in the form of capital gains, to sub-central government as a value capture tax.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research methodology comprising grounded theory and phenomenological research is used in undertaking the review of tax revenue collection from state land tax, conveyance stamp duty, local government rating and Commonwealth capital gains tax. Grounded theory is applied for constant comparison of the data with the objectives of maximising similarities and differences in these revenues with an analytical construct as defined by Strauss and Corbin (1990, p. 61).

Findings

The paper finds that realigning revenue from land-based taxes against the principles of good tax design provides greater opportunity to raise additional revenue to fund public infrastructure while decentralising revenue from central government. It provides an alternate mechanism for revenue transfer from central to sub-central government while conceptually improving own source revenue from value capture taxation as a new revenue source.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of this paper is the ability to quantify the potential increase that would be generated in the form of value capture revenue. It is demonstrated in the paper that capital gains tax took over 15 years for revenue generation to crystallise, a factor that would likely occur in the potential introduction of a value capture tax for funding transport infrastructure.

Practical implications

The pathway to introducing a value capture tax is through re-innovating capital gains tax as a value capture tax directly hypothecated to funding transport infrastructure that results in the uplift in values of the surrounding property from which revenue is raised.

Originality/value

This paper provides a new approach in contributing to funding the capital outlay of public infrastructure in lieu of central government consolidated revenue allocated through the Commonwealth Grants Commission. It provides a much-needed approach to decentralising revenue from the Commonwealth to sub-central government in Australia which has one of the most centralised tax systems in the OECD.
Optimal green supply-chain model design considering full truckload
Authors: Tseng Shih-Hsien , Wee Hui Ming , Song Pei Shen , Jeng Schnell
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Supply chain management (SCM) focuses smart logistics and quality service. Diverse elements such as design, procurement, production and sale policies are the keys to SCM efficiency. Due to worsening environmental pollution in recent years, many businesses, government agencies and consumers have become more aware of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In response, the government has established new environmental regulations to control various GHG, such as CO2 and sulfur dioxide. Therefore, to reduce pollution and its adverse effects, the authors have promoted environmental concerns by developing environmental friendly policies. The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-objective decision making model that integrates both forward and reverse logistics to determine how best to incorporate recycling and reduce manufacturing costs.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors developed a multi-objective decision-making model that integrates both forward and reverse logistics to determine how best to incorporate recycling and reduce manufacturing costs. They used the normalized normal constraint method as proposed by Messac et al. (2003) to generate a series of uniform lines on a Pareto Frontier chart.

Findings

Based on the results of this study, the authors can determine the trade-off between costs and emissions and design the most environmental-friendly and economical strategy for production.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to a case study on paper manufacturing.

Practical implications

The authors considered the full truckload discount policy in which buyers can reduce their purchase costs by increasing the number of full truckload product orders; this will reduce transportation costs and also minimize overall carbon emissions.

Social implications

This study encourages industries to focus on environmental friend policies and social responsibilities.

Originality/value

The authors investigated the impacts of the paper making industry on economy and environment. An increase in demand will negatively impact the environment by causing CO2 emissions to increase from higher production and the felling of more trees to provide raw materials for manufacturers (paper mills).
Effect of kiwifruit juice and tumbling on tenderness and lipid oxidation in chicken nuggets
Authors: Pooona Jyoti , Singh Praneeta , P. Prabhakaran
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of kiwifruit juice and tumbling in improving tenderness and to access antioxidant potential of kiwifruit juice.

Design/methodology/approach

Three treatment groups were made: Spent hen meat was subjected to still marination (SM) and tumbling marination (TM). This meat was used for preparation of whole muscle chicken nuggets and compared with control (without marination) nuggets (Con). These treatments were subjected to analysis of physicochemical characteristics, textural quality, lipid oxidation and sensory quality.

Findings

SM and TM exhibited higher moisture content and lower protein and fat content than Control SM and TM showed significant (p = 0.132) reduction in firmness from 5.1 to 2.3 and 1.2 Kg/cm2, respectively, and toughness from 14.1 to 6.2 and 3.3 Kg-sec/cm2, respectively, as observed by Warner-Bratzler shear and improvement in texture profile values. Sensory scores for texture, juiciness and overall acceptability were also better for SM and TM. Significant (p = 0.007) reduction was observed in lipid oxidation parameters of SM and TM. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values (on 0 day) for SM and TM were 0.18 and 0.15 as compared to 0.28 mg/kg of malonaldehyde for control. Peroxide values (PV) were also lower for SM and TM as 0.44 and 0.33, which were lesser than control (0.62 meq. peroxide/kg). The values for PV, TBA and free fatty acid increased with increase in storage period in all treatment groups. However, the antioxidant activity of kiwifruit juice persisted during whole storage period evidenced by lower values of lipid oxidation parameters for SM and TM than Control at each storage interval.

Research limitations/implications

Further research may be carried out to compare the tenderizing potential of kiwifruit juice with other plant proteases and physical tenderizing techniques. Spent hen meat utilization can be done with greater efficiency by using such techniques in meat caterings.

Practical implications

Spent hen meat utilization can done with greater efficiency by using such techniques in meat caterings.

Originality/value

Marination with kiwifruit juice improved the quality characteristics of chicken nuggets made from spent hen meat without altering its sensory quality. Tumbling was found to be beneficial in enhancing the tenderizing effect. Therefore, marination with kiwifruit juice can be used as a processing technology to use spent hen meat in preparing value added products.
Toward self-reliant development
Authors: Smits Michaël Willem Maria
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an extensive household survey amongst four rural communities on Mt. Elgon Kenya. The area is the chosen area for the author’s overall PhD research. In order to offer the inhabitants of Mt. Elgon suitable housing support, the purpose of this paper is to assess the gap between existing housing capacities and compare those to desired housing capacities.

Design/methodology/approach

The research combined a survey method with an interview setting. The survey helps the interviewer to structure and register given answers. The interview allows the inhabitant to ask questions or make suggestions.

Findings

The research finds that the two communities with financial restraints are unable to articulate improved housing (within their existing capacities) without external help. For the two communities with less financial restraints, the research finds that they struggle to maintain, extend or replicate housing solutions without external help.

Originality/value

The size (200 households), type (purpose, design and approach) and locality of the research are uncommon frameworks to understand inhabitants’ needs toward their built environment. The value, therefore, not only lies in the design of the evaluation framework, but also in the findings that indicate that this is a successful way to conduct this type of research in a vulnerable context. Hopefully providing other researchers in the built environment with an applicable framework.
Corporate governance, corporate profitability toward corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate value (comparative study in Indonesia, China and India stock exchange in 2013-2016)
Authors: Purbawangsa Ida Bagus Anom , Solimun Solimun , Fernandes Adji Achmad Reinaldo , Mangesti Rahayu Sri
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of corporate governance and corporate profitability on corporate value with corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure as the intervening variable.

Design/methodology/approach

The population of this study was all companies listed in Indonesia, China and India Stock Exchange in 2013-2016. The inferential statistics used in this study applied the partial least square-based (PLS-based) structural equation model (SEM) method with PLS. The PLS method was selected based on the consideration that there was a construct formed with reflective indicators in this study.

Findings

In Indonesia, corporate governance and corporate profitability have a significant and positive effect on CSR disclosure. Similarly, CSR disclosure and corporate profitability have a significant and positive impact on corporate value. Corporate governance indirectly influences corporate value, through mediation CSR disclosure. In China, corporate governance and corporate profitability have a significant and positive effect on CSR disclosure. Similarly, CSR disclosure and corporate governance have a significant and positive impact on corporate value. Corporate profitability indirectly affects corporate value, through mediation CSR disclosure. In India, corporate governance and corporate profitability have a significant and positive effect on CSR disclosure. The same thing is seen that CSR disclosure has a significant and positive effect on corporate value. Corporate governance and corporate profitability influence indirectly corporate value, through mediation CSR disclosure.

Originality/value

The study is one of the few studies to investigate and compare the relationship between corporate governance, corporate profitability, CSR and corporate value. The originality of this study is on the reason that many studies that have been conducted still indicated the inconsistency in the results and diversity of the indicators, so that a similar study was conducted by involving the indicators used for measuring the corporate governance variable, which were the proportion of independent commissioners and audit committee. Meanwhile, for the corporate profitability variable, ROA and ROE were used as the indicators. The originality of this study is that it is a comparative study in three countries in Asia, namely, China, India and Indonesia. The three countries have the highest population and highest economic growth in the past five years.
Chronic treatment of JTP‐109192, a novel G‐protein coupled receptor 119 agonist, improves metabolic abnormalities in Zucker Fatty rats
Authors: Tadaki Hironobu , Sasase Tomohiko , Fukuda Sumiaki , Toriniwa Yasufumi , Harada Kazuhito , Ohta Takeshi , Yamada Takahisa
Published: August 2019

G‐protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) expression in pancreatic β‐cells and intestinal L cells is a potential therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes. A natural GPR119 agonist oleoylethanolamide is well known to enhance a glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion by elevating intracellular cAMP levels. In the present study, a glucose lowering effect of the GPR119 agonist, JTP‐109192 leading to improvement of insulin sensitivity was examined in Zucker Fatty (ZF) rats. We investigated the in vitro effects of JTP‐109192 on GSIS in the rat pancreatic β‐cell line (INS1E) cells and on GLP‐1 secretion in the murine enteroendocrine cell line (GLUTag) cells. We also investigated the effect of JTP‐109192 on GSIS in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats with single administration and its effect on glucose metabolism in ZF rats with repeated administration once daily for about 6 weeks. After repeated administration, the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic glucose clamp test was performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity. JTP‐109192 increased intracellular cAMP levels (EC50 value: 3.6 nmol/L) and enhanced GSIS in the INS1E cells and GLP‐1 secretion in GLUTag cells. In SD rats, a single administration of JTP‐109192 enhanced GSIS at high blood glucose levels. The repeated administrations in ZF rats improved glucose metabolism without lack of drug efficacy (tachyphylaxis) and increased glucose infusion rates due to improvement of insulin sensitivity.
Analyzing the percentage of different PD‐1+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of small cell lung cancer patients: A prospective study
Authors: Hu Xintong , Gu Yue , Li Dan , Zhao Songchen , Hua Shucheng , Jiang Yanfang
Published: August 2019

The present study was designed to evaluate the percentage of different programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The percentages of PD‐1+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood and BALF samples obtained from 52 lung cancer and 20 pneumonia patients, and 20 healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. In addition, clinical parameters, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, were also determined using Spearman's correlation test to assess their association with PD‐1+ T cell subsets. These present results revealed that the percentage of circulating PD‐1+ Tfh and peripheral helper T cells (Tph) cells significantly increased in peripheral blood of SCLC patients, when compared to non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pneumonia patients and healthy controls. In addition, PD‐1+ Tfh cells were also significantly enhanced in patients in the extensive‐stage group. In contrast, the BALF samples of SCLC patients exhibited a significant decrease in percentage of Tph cells. An overall imbalance was observed between PD‐1+Tfh and Tph cells in both compartments. Furthermore, SCLC patients exhibited a significant decrease in the percentage of circulating PD‐1+ Tfh and Tph cells following chemotherapy, and the in vitro analysis revealed that the concentration of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ derived from PD‐1 + Tfh cells in SCLC were significantly lower than that from NSCLC. However, this had no significant correlation with disease severity. The present study indicated that elevated circulating PD‐1+ T cells can primarily be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.
The Urbanization of Nature in a (Post)Socialist Metropolis: An Urban Political Ecology of Allotment Gardening
Authors: Gibas Petr , Boumová Irena
Published: August 2019

In this article we explore how nature becomes part of the city through the example of allotment gardening in the city of Prague, in the Czech Republic. Prague allotments were established based on an ongoing political‐ecological process of urbanization of nature that was locally driven by socialist (from 1948 to 1989) and later neoliberal governance. We employ a situated urban political ecology (UPE) approach to analyse changes in the planning of allotments and the impact thereof on the experience of gardeners. This double focus allows us to uncover the effects of neoliberalization on the processes of production of urban nature in respect of both policy and everyday practice. We contrast contemporary capitalist urbanization with its socialist predecessor by showing the immediate effects of the acceptance of neoliberal modes of governance on allotments, urban nature and the understanding of the city. We open allotments as a terrain for UPE to turn attention to the (uneven) production of urban nature in a post‐socialist context that has thus far been largely absent from the UPE literature. We demonstrate that post‐socialist urbanization is a fruitful terrain that offers new opportunities to unmask the effects of neoliberalization on the production of uneven urban space and thus improves our understanding of contemporary uneven urbanisms.
Deconstructing residential immersive life skills programming through a pedagogical lens: mechanisms that can facilitate learning for youth with disabilities
Authors: Duff Celeste , McPherson Amy C , King Gillian , Kingsnorth Shauna
Published: August 2019

Residential Immersive Life Skills (RILS) programs are unique programs for youth with disabilities. Situated, experiential, psychoeducational and strengths‐based learning approaches expose youth to opportunities and experiences that can facilitate the development of adaptive behaviours. This study examined the pedagogy of RILS programs to facilitate life skills development in youth. This study draws on 25 qualitative interviews that were conducted with nine youth who attended one of three separate RILS programs. Interviews were conducted at three different time points: pre‐program, 3 months post‐program and 12 months post‐program. Data were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. The analysis provided evidence of the intended learning approaches that are mobilised in the RILS pedagogy (applied mechanisms): situated and experiential learning and psychoeducational and strengths‐based learning approaches. The transcripts also uncovered three behavioural and emotional elements in the RILS pedagogy (implicit mechanisms): the power of (1) interpersonal connections; (2) culture of collective understanding; and (3) emotional contagion. Findings validated evidence of applied mechanisms and uncovered the hidden behavioural and emotional mechanisms in the RILS pedagogy. This in‐depth insight is central to further developing not only independence‐oriented life skills programs, but also broader education programs for youth with disabilities.
Establishing Technical Values for Nursing Diagnoses in Primary Healthcare
Authors: Pérez‐Rivas Francisco Javier , Martín‐García Ángel , Sánz‐Bayona María Teresa , Fernández‐Díaz María Carmen , Barberá‐Martín Aurora , Cárdenas‐Valladolid Juan , López‐Palacios Sonia , Rico‐Blázquez Milagros ,   the nurses at the Quality of Care Commission of the Community of Madrid, Spain
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

To establish technical values for nursing diagnoses in primary healthcare with which to weight the delivery of care based on criteria of complexity and relevance.

METHODS

A three‐phase cross‐sectional descriptive study: (1) establishing and weighting of the assessment criteria of technical values, (2) scoring of the assessment criteria per diagnosis, and (3) assigning technical values.

FINDINGS

Diagnoses were ordered on the scoring scale obtained and a technical value of 1 to 4 was assigned according to their quartile.

CONCLUSIONS

Having a technical value for each nursing diagnosis helps to measure the diversity and complexity of care.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

Technical values may contribute to improving nursing management indicators, as they incorporate a quantitative view into the assessment process.
The Value of Values for Understanding Organizational Life: Editor’s Introduction to the Lead Article
Authors: Stephan Ute
Published: August 2019

In this introduction to the lead article on “Values at Work”, I summarize key points made in the lead article and its commentaries including those relating to the mechanisms and boundary conditions of value–behavior relationships. I highlight links with the organizational and management literature, which pays increasing attention to the role of values in organizations. I note that there are many synergies yet to be explored between, on the one hand, work on values traditionally rooted in social and cross‐cultural psychology and as represented by the lead article and commentaries and, on the other hand, management and organizational research. One example is research on the values of strategic leaders and considering values as decision‐making standards that can shape organizations and their management.