bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma proteomes associated with status of vitamins A and E in school aged Nepalese children (804.12)
Authors: West Keith , Cole Robert , Schulze Kerry , Ruczinski Ingo , Betz Joshua , Yager James , Groopman Joihn , Wu Lee , Christian Parul
Published: June 2021

Vitamin deficiencies afflict undernourished populations, but remain latent from public health view and lack evidence‐guided interventions due to difficulty and cost of assessment. Plasma proteomics may offer a future approach to identify nutrient‐linked biomarkers, modeled to estimate status and predict prevalence of multiple vitamin deficiencies (Cole et al J Nutr 2013). We measured concentrations of retinol and α‐tocopherol (α‐T) by HPLC and relative abundance of plasma proteins by iTRAQ‐labeled, tandem mass spectrometry in plasma of 500, rural Nepalese children 6‐8 yr of age. Among ~980 proteins quantified in >10% of subjects, 77 were correlated with retinol (q <0.01, p<0.0006) and 42 with α‐T (q<0.01, p<0.0002), which included (Gene Symbols) RBP4, TTR, and many APO lipoproteins and novel correlates. Using linear mixed effects models, relative abundance of 3 proteins (RBP4, C1R and SCAF11) predicted serum retinol (R2=~82%) and 6 proteins (APOC3, APOB, PKM, RGS8, LRRC47 and FOX04) predicted α‐T status (R2=~72%); however, each nutrient had >9 other candidate protein predictors to explore further. A predictive plasma proteome may exist to assess vitamins A and E status and prevalence of deficiencies in populations if candidate proteins undergo absolute quantification.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grants OPP5251 and GH614
Dietary determinants of urinary molybdenum levels in Mexican women (804.27)
Authors: Barrios Pamela , Vázquez‐Salas Ruth , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth , Torres‐Sánchez Luisa , Menezes‐Filho José
Published: June 2021

Molybdenum (Mo) is a trace element found in soil and essential for the growth of most biological organisms including plants and animals, but may be toxic. A recent study in Mexico suggests that prenatal Mo exposure (estimated through maternal urine Mo levels) was negatively associated with infant psychomotor development. The aim of this study was to determine the main dietary sources of urinary Mo concentrations in a population of pregnant women in Mexico. Using data from a prospective cohort study carried out in four municipalities of Morelos, Mexico, we analyzed the information of 124 pregnant women, who had urinary Mo levels determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for at least two trimesters of pregnancy. An 84‐item semi‐qualitative FFQ was administered at 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy; consumption was divided into High vs. Low by the median. Using low‐consumption of each food as a reference group, the associations between food intake and Mo concentrations were estimated by a generalized mixed effect regression models and corrected by bootstrap resampling. Women with high‐consumption of chilis (β = 1.34μg/g; 95% CI 1.00; 1.85; P = 0.05) had a significantly higher creatinine‐adjusted Mo urinary concentration compared to women with low‐consumption. These results suggest that chilis are the main dietary sources of Mo exposure among these pregnant women and may be due to the use of Mo in systems of fertigation in chili plantations.
Food insecurity and health outcomes among multigenerational households (805.11)
Authors: Gundersen Craig , Ziliak James
Published: June 2021

An extensive literature examines the impact of food insecurity on health outcomes but there has been no work looking at the impact of food insecurity on grandparents raising grandchildren. This lack of research is unfortunate insofar as multigenerational households have substantially higher rates of food insecurity than households without multigenerations. Moreover, these food insecurity rates increased sharply during the Great Recession and have remained high. In this paper we fill this lacuna with analyses of the 1999‐2008 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We compare the characteristics and health outcomes for adults in households with grandchildren to adults in households without grandchildren present by food security status. After these bivariate comparisons, we pull everything together within several multivariate models. After controlling for food insecurity status, having grandchildren present, the interaction between food insecurity status and grandchildren present, and other covariates, we find that food insecurity status is the primary determinant of whether or not someone suffers from negative health outcomes.
Food security, produce intake/behaviors, and cervical health of adult women living in rural Appalachia: a pilot study (805.16)
Authors: Hewage Sumali , Griswold Hannah , Sergeev Alexander , Gerome Jody , Hamilton Angela , Holben David
Published: June 2021

Background Low household food security (HFS) and high cervical cancer rates have been reported in Appalachian Ohio. High antioxidant intake may reduce the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and progression to cervical cancer.

Study Objective To examine interrelationship of HFS, produce intake/ behaviors, and cervical health in adult women living in rural Appalachia.

Method Survey of females 蠅 21 years [USDA HFS module, produce intake and behavior‐related instrument, and Risky Sexual Behavior (RSB) Index questionnaire]. Clinical HPV results were obtained.

Results Participants (n=153) [HPV‐negative, n=139 (91.4%); HPV‐positive, n=13 (8.6%)] were 29.4±7.8 years. For HFS, 113 (75.3%) had high and 37 (24.7%) had marginal, low, or very low HFS. Statistically significant test results showed food insecure group had a higher RSB scores compared to their counterparts (p<0.001). RSB scores were statistically significantly higher in HPV‐positive group than HPV‐negative group (p=0.021). Test statistics provided a significant difference between food secure and food insecure groups in median perceived diet quality scores 78.68 and 59.57 respectively, p=0.014.

Conclusion Food insecurity was associated with high RSB score and low perceived diet quality. Further studies are required.
Food security status and dietary intake among small farming families in Haiti (805.6)
Authors: Parent Jasmine , Dallmann Diana , Sinclair Kate , Garcia Miguel , Melgar‐Quinonez Hugo
Published: June 2021

Food insecurity (FIS) greatly affects small farmer families in Haiti. This study includes 502 Haitian households where FIS was estimated using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale. FIS was categorized as mild (7.2%), moderate (28.3%), and severe (62.0%) FIS; 2.5% of the households were food secure. Food consumption was estimated for the month previous to the interview using a food frequency questionnaire. Findings show significant differences (p<0.001) in the number of food items (fi) consumed at least once a week by FIS level: mild (33.5 fi), moderate (25.2 fi) and severe (22.1 fi). The number of staple food items consumed decreased as follows: mild FIS=7.5, moderate FIS=5.9, and severe FIS=5.0. Furthermore, with increasing FIS severity, mean food item consumption for nutrient dense food groups decreased, affecting the consumption of eggs, dairy, meat/fish, fruits and vegetables (p<0.001). Additionally to a decreased consumption in the number of fi, the proportion of households consuming animal source foods decreased as FIS increased. For example, the proportion of households consuming eggs was 69% (mild FIS), 50% (moderate FIS), and 35% (severe FIS). Sugar intake remained the same across FIS categories, though. These results indicate that dietary diversity might decrease, as FIS turns more severe. Lower protein and micronutrient intake might have negative impacts on the nutrition status of Haitian farmer families. Differences in food intake between FIS levels demonstrate the need for differentiated interventions by FIS level.
Fishing for food: evaluating the impact of food‐producing livelihoods on food consumption and food security (805.8)
Authors: Fiorella Kathryn , Hickey Matt , Salmen Charles , Mattah Brian , Magerenge Richard , Brashares Justin , Fernald Lia
Published: June 2021

Food‐producing livelihoods have the potential to improve nutrition, through direct consumption or indirectly through income. Yet, livelihood interventions rarely show any effects on nutrition indicators. In this study, we explore whether fishing households eat more fish and have higher food security than non‐fishing households around Lake Victoria, Kenya. In 2010, we conducted a household survey of 111 randomly sampled households in a rural fishing community where half of all households fish. Our results suggest that households that fish have higher fish consumption in bivariate analyses (results were attenuated in multi‐variate models). Households that fish were less likely to be food insecure, but the significance of the effect was compromised with the inclusion of socio‐economic variables. Our results suggest that socio‐economic factors may be more important than participation in food‐producing livelihoods with regard to consumption of high quality foods. The results add to the literature examining the ways in which household livelihoods interact with nutrition, and could have important implications for improving intervention effectiveness, particularly for nutrition‐related outcomes.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NSF‐GEO grant #115057
Associations of parental monitoring and weight concern on body esteem of normal weight and overweight 1st grade children (808.5)
Authors: Shriver Lenka , Hubbs‐Tait Laura , Harrist Amanda , Topham Glade , Page Melanie
Published: June 2021

Prevention of body dissatisfaction is critical for minimizing adverse effects of poor body esteem on diet, self‐esteem and overall health. Research has examined adolescent body esteem; however, little is known about factors influencing body esteem of younger children. This study tested the moderating effect of child weight status on the links of body esteem of 1st grade children to parental feeding practices (e. g., monitoring), parental concern about child’s weight, and parental weight. Child Body Esteem Scale (BES) and anthropometrics were completed in individual interviews. Parents completed Child Feeding Questionnaire (feeding practices, concern, self‐assessed parental weight). A total of 410 mother/child dyads (202 girls) participated. Percent of children classified as overweight (BMI‐for‐age 蠅85th) vs. normal weight was: girls‐29% vs. 71%; boys‐27% vs. 73%. Overall regression model was significant for girls (R²=.125, F(10,191)=3.879; p<0.001), but not boys. For girls, weight status moderated the link of monitoring (β= ‐.186, t=‐2.42, p<0.05) and parental concern (β=‐.216, t=‐2.08, p<0.05) to body esteem, with the highest parental concern and monitoring corresponding to the lowest body esteem in overweight girls. Differential impact of feeding practices on body esteem by weight status suggests importance of future body esteem interventions for girls as early as first grade.

Grant Funding Source: USDA‐CSREES Grant 05545
The relationship between family sense of coherence, healthy behaviors, and child BMI (808.6)
Authors: Hayes Jenna , Speirs Katherine , Musaad Salma , Wozniak Angela , Sigman‐Grant Madeleine
Published: June 2021

In a novel approach to considering the childhood obesity epidemic, it is suggested that family sense of coherence (FSOC) may act as a protective factor against the obesogenic environment. Proposed by Antonovsky in his theory of salutogenesis, FSOC is a perceptual orientation that facilitates adaptation to and coping with life stressors. A family with a high FSOC has a stronger motivational basis for utilizing their resources to promote health. An individual’s sense of coherence has been positively associated with healthy food choices and overall health. To date, few have examined the relationship between FSOC and health outcomes. To address this gap in the literature, the relationships between FSOC and healthy behaviors (e.g. fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity) as well as child BMI were examined using interview data from a sample consisting of 432 low‐income mothers and their 3‐5 year old children. FSOC was significantly related to healthy behaviors such that families with a higher sense of coherence practiced more healthy behaviors. FSOC and child BMI were not related. The finding that FSOC may act as a protective factor through its influence on healthy behaviors can inform childhood obesity prevention efforts. Though child weight status may not be affected at the preschool age, the increase of healthy behaviors may affect child BMI at a later age.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA NIFA Grant/Award #: 2010‐85215‐20662
Dietary supplemental use in Korean adults: data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES V), 2010‐2012 (809.5)
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Kang Minji , Cho Yunok , Yun Sung Ha , Oh Kyungwon , Lee Jung Eun , Song YoonJu
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to develop a dietary supplemental database and to evaluate the contributions of dietary supplemental use to total nutrient intakes in a Korean adult population of KNHANES V (2010‐2012). Information on dietary supplemental use was obtained from a total of 3,850 men and women aged 19 or more years through face‐to‐face interview. We developed a dietary supplemental database and classified into either pharmaceutical products or functional food products based on product name and manufacturing company. Among all frequencies reported on dietary supplements, 23.7% of frequencies were retrieved from pharmaceutical products and 76.3% from functional food products.

The most commonly used dietary supplements were vitamin or mineral supplements (57.2%). Among non‐vitamin/mineral supplements, ginseng and omega 3 were most commonly used in Korean adults. When we calculated the contributions of dietary supplemental use to total nutrient intakes, we found that those who used vitamin or mineral supplements had 0.5 to 9 times higher vitamin or mineral intakes compared to those from foods only. In conclusion, because of the common uses of dietary supplements in Korean, it is needed to evaluate adequate intake or potentially excessive intake of nutrients from supplements and its effects on health outcomes.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by KCDC(2013E3501300)
Foods with friends: overweight students have more weekday eating partners (811.17)
Authors: Kniffin Kevin , Sobal Jeffery , Esposito John
Published: June 2021

Applying lab findings that people tend to eat more in the company of others, we report survey patterns whereby overweight people tend to have relatively more mid‐week eating partners. In contrast, we find no differences in the number of meals eaten by overweight people compared with the rest of our sample for any day of the week. These findings suggest that reducing the number of midweek eating partners may help facilitate weight management.
Immune response influences in an adolescent cohort examined for the pathogenesis of mood disorders (811.26)
Authors: Aldoori Ayat , Algorta Guillermo , Ziouzenkova Ouliana , Gracious Barbara
Published: June 2021

We investigated immune response and oxidative stress in adolescent subjects with varying severities of mood disorders. To assess immune response we measured the profile of immunomodulatory vitamin D, cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), as well as their transcriptional regulator nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB) in patients’ serum. Although the markers of inflammation were not significantly different between groups, there appears to be an inverse trend (mean non‐mood 136.19±37.61 versus severe mood 110.76±43.77, p=0.20) between severity of mood disorders and NF‐kB activation. Similarly, MCP‐1 and IL‐6 levels tend to decrease with increasing severity of mood disorder. Obesity measured by BMI significantly correlates with serum IL‐6 levels (r=0.29, p=0.02). There was a significant inverse correlation between BMI of subjects and vitamin D (r=‐0.40, p=0.001) and a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and IL‐6 (r=‐0.28, p=0.03). There was a significant correlation between vitamin D level and anti‐oxLDL (r=0.28, p=0.03) and a positive trend between vitamin D and MCP‐1 levels (r=0.23, p=0.07). Our findings suggest that lower vitamin D levels are associated with higher BMI in mood disorder patients. The elevated BMI is associated with higher adipose tissue mass producing IL‐6 which possibly leads to higher serum IL‐6 levels. This response appears to be counteracted by vitamin D. Groups affected by varying severity of mood disorders have no pronounced difference in immune response measured by several factors, although groups with the same diagnosis may yield a different a result.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIMH
Many college students desire food‐related rewards for short‐term goals to improve diet and physical activity (811.27)
Authors: Cope Hannah , Wong Siew Sun
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the desired rewards of college students for short‐term goals to improve diet or physical activity (PA). Methods: College students (n=286) enrolled in a required 10‐week health course at Oregon State University volunteered to participate in the Better Eating Starts Today (B.E.S.T) Project in Corvallis, Oregon. Students completed a required assignment that focused on behavioral changes related to healthier eating or increasing PA. Students set three goals with the following format: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (S.M.A.R.T). Rewards were divided into those associated with fitness or dietary goals then further divided into 1 of 7 subcategories. Results: Among 858 rewards, 810 were used in this analysis; 48 were excluded because the goal was non‐dietary/PA related or missing data. Sixty‐four percent of the rewards were associated with fitness goals, 36% with dietary goals. Food‐related rewards were most frequent in fitness and dietary goals, 33% and 54%, respectively. Entertainment‐related rewards followed with 19% for fitness goals and 23% for dietary goals. Conclusion: Regardless of short‐term goal, the most desired reward is food‐related. Therefore, educators may need to pay more attention to teach college students to incentivize themselves for health behavior change in creative yet sensible and balanced ways.

Grant Funding Source: PacificSource Healthcare
Body image perceptions related to weight loss stage of change for diet and physical activity (811.30)
Authors: Townsend Davis , Lemacks Jennifer , Landry Alicia
Published: June 2021

In weight management interventions, understanding the patient readiness to change is essential in order to design individualized nutrition care plans. The aim of this study is to examine obese/overweight individuals’ body image perceptions and the relationship with stage of change (SOC) for weight loss. Questionnaires were completed by 161 individuals (48 male, 113 female) at five health centers in south Mississippi. Information collected included weight loss intention, dietary and physical activity behavior, body image perception, height, weight, and demographics. Participant SOC was determined using an adapted algorithm and body mass index (BMI) perception accuracy was determined by comparing participants own thoughts of their BMI classification to actual BMI classification. SPSS correlation/regression and MedCalc Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient analyses were used. A Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient analysis revealed inconsistencies in participant’s BMI perception and actual BMI classification (Pearson p=0.35). On average, overweight/obese individuals (n=123) who perceived themselves as overweight had a higher weight loss SOC than those who did not think they were overweight (β=0.35, n=123, p<0.01). Weight management interventions need to address weight norms and perceptions to enhance awareness and mobilize patients to change diet and physical activity behaviors to promote weight loss.
Evidence of developmental continuity from birth to one year: sleep, temperament, problem‐solving, and recognition memory (813.4)
Authors: Judge Michelle , Chang Luye , Lammi‐Keefe Carol
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE: Enhance the understanding of the associations between various cognitive tests and test timing used in nutrition research during the first year of life. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective, correlational design was used to evaluate if a developmental continuity exists in a single cohort of infants. Infants of women (18‐35 y) with no pregnancy complications (n=27) were assessed using: Sleep (first 48 hours of life); temperament (ICQ 6 & RITQ, 12 mos.); problem‐solving (PS) (Willatts Infant Planning Test, 9 & 12 mos.); and Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence (FTII, 6 & 9 mos.). RESULTS: Using Spearmen correlation, there were significant positive correlations between: transitional sleep and unpredictable (r=.455, P=.017), unadaptable (r= .420, P=.026) and dull (r= .416, P=.028), ICQ domains at 6 mos. and FTII scaled novelty score at 6 mos. (r= ‐.512, P=.008). Quiet sleep was positively associated with the RITQ approachability domain at 12 mos. (r= .662, P=.005). Arousals in active sleep were negatively correlated with PS intentional solutions at 9 mos. (r= ‐528, P=.016). CONCLUSIONS: Early sleep characteristics are reflective of later infant development in the first year. These data support the notion that continuity exists between early and later developmental measures throughout the first year.

Grant Funding Source: Supported in part by USDA IFAFS, Nestec S.A., Switzerland, the Hatch Act, National Fisheries Inst.
Chickens from lines selected for high or low body weight differ in adipocyte cellularity in several adipose tissue depots (814.3)
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Sumners Lindsay , Siegel Paul , Cline Mark , Gilbert Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

The Virginia lines of chickens are a model of obesity and hypophagia that resulted from long‐term selection for high (HWS) or low (LWS) juvenile (56 days of age) body weight, respectively. We hypothesized that there are differences in adipocyte cellularity between HWS and LWS chickens. At day 65, abdominal and clavicular fat were collected from HWS and LWS males (n = 9) for histological analysis. The mean area and diameter, density and size distribution of adipocytes were analyzed using NIS‐Elements Advanced Research Software (Nikon). The statistical model included main effects of fat depot (abdominal or clavicular fat), genetic line (HWS or LWS), and the interaction between them. Means were separated using Tukey’s Test. Adipocyte areas and diameters were greater in HWS than LWS in abdominal (P < 0.0001) and clavicular fat (P < 0.0001). Adipocytes were larger in clavicular fat than abdominal fat (P < 0.01). Overall cellular density was less (P < 0.0001) in HWS than LWS in both abdominal fat and clavicular fat. Most of the adipocytes in HWS were between 1,000 and 4,000 µm2, with some as large as 9,500 µm2. The LWS contained greater numbers of small cells, with most adipocytes between 500 and 2,000 µm2, and no adipocytes larger than 5,200 µm2. The results show that adipocytes in HWS chickens were larger and sparser as compared to the LWS. There were “oversized” adipocytes in HWS, indicative of obesity.
Characterization of the alterations in the differentiation potential of porcine mesenchymal stem cell caused by neonatal dietary calcium nutrition (819.2)
Authors: Li Yihang
Published: June 2021

Neonatal Ca nutrition affects bone development and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) activity; however, its effect on MSC differentiation potential has not been well characterized. We assessed the differentiation potential of both the heterogenous MSC population as well as the individual clones isolated from neonatal pigs (n=5) fed either a Ca deficient, adequate, or excessive diet. The most and least osteogenic (O+/O‐) and the most and least adipogenic (A+/A‐) clones were selected from each pig by functional staining. The MSC from Ca deficient pigs had reduced osteogenic potential and enhanced adipogenic potential based on functional staining and the gene expression of osteocalcin (OC), PPARG, and AP2 compared with MSC from Ca adequate pigs. Interestingly, MSC from pigs receiving excess Ca also had increased adipogenic potential. Evaluation of clonal isolates indicated that the O+ clones from Ca deficient pigs had reduced OC expression (P < 0.05), and O‐ clones from the Ca excess pigs had increased gene expression of both PPARG and AP2. Among the A+ clones of both Ca deficient and excess pigs, Runx2 expression was decreased (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the alterations in the differentiation potential of MSC based on neonatal Ca status of the pig may be caused by changes in both the lineage priming and the lineage allocation of MSC.
Amino acid specific natural 15N abundances of hair can change during pregnancy and nutritional stress (820.12)
Authors: Petzke Klaus , Fuller Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Natural 15N and 13C stable isotope (SI) abundances of hair can be used as nutritional and physiological biomarkers. Changes of amino acid (AA) specific SI‐signatures during pregnancy and its complications are unknown. We suspected influences due to strongly increased requirements for indispensable AA during pregnancy and influences by pathophysiological complications such as nausea and vomiting. 15N and 13C SI‐abundances were measured by GC/C/IRMS using N‐pivaloyl‐i‐propyl esters of AA of protein hydrolysates of hair samples collected after birth. The SI‐patterns differed in a characteristic way between individual AA. The δ‐values of threonine were depleted in 15N (‐9.5 ± 1.1 ‰ vs. AIR‐N2) and those of glycine were enriched in 13C (‐5.7 ± 5.2 ‰ vs. V‐PDB) in comparison to other AA detected. Plots of δ15N‐ against 13C δ‐values of individual AA confirmed the distinct differences between indispensable and dispensable AA. The δ13C‐values did not change significantly during pregnancy. The δ15N‐values of specific AA can change by more than 1 ‰ during pregnancy. The δ15N values of dispensable proline can rise and those of indispensable threonine can decrease. Significantly reduced or enhanced δ15N‐values of AA carrying dispensable N such as leucine or proline can indicate positive or negative N‐balances respectively. The results can have important implications in nutrition, forensics, archaeology, and ecology.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany (grant numbers: Pe 643/6‐1)
Effects of high and normocaloric diets on serum and thymus fatty acid profile: study on experimental model (821.3)
Authors: Perris Paula , Silva Carolina , Fernandez Inés , Mambrin Cecilia , Slobodianik Nora , Feliu María
Published: June 2021

Objetive: To study the impact of high and normocaloric diets on serum and thymus´ fatty acid profile in growing rats. Weaning Wistar rats were fed during 10 days with 40% and 15% Kcal dietary fat provided by olive oil (groups O40; O15) high oleic oil (groups HO40; HO15) complete in all nutrients. Control group(C) received normocaloric diet. ω6/ω3 diets ratio: O=49,6 HO=86; C=9; Serum and thymus´ fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography. Results (area% ±SD) ANOVA‐DUNNETT test was perform (*p<0.01):

SERUM
O40
HO40
O15
HO15
C

Oleic
22.0±5.1 *
33.0±4.8 *
19,40±3,4*
26,88±3,1 *
10,6 ±2,0

Linoleic
11.8±2.8 *
8.9±1.0 *
12,44±1,8 *
7,89±1.4 *
19.0±3,5

Linolenic
0.5±0.2*
0.3±0.1*
0.34±0,06*
0.22±0.03*
1.2±0.3

THYMUS

Oleic
25,4±6,7 *
39.1±10,9 *
21,5±5,9
23,7±6,4
18,2 ±3,2

Linoleic
7,2±0,7 *
4,4±0,6 *
5,9±0,6 *
3,1±0,9 *
9,5±0,7

Linolenic
0.3±0.09*
0.2±0.03*
0.3±0.02*
0.2±0.06*
0,6±0,1

All experimental groups showed higher serum oleic and lower Linoleic and Linolenic acid levels compared with C. On thymus only 40% groups showed higher serum oleic acid, but all groups had lower Linoleic and Linolenic acids than C. Serum fatty acid levels changed in response to variations in fat%, ω6/ω3 diets ratio and the sources of dietary lipids. These facts would exacerbate the route of the ω9 family and decreases essential fatty acids.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by UBACyT:20020120200068
Gut microbes regulate hepatic nuclear receptor expression (821.7)
Authors: Martinez Kristina , Leone Vanessa , Huang Edmond , Lukens John , Reardon‐Alulis Catherine , Chang Eugene
Published: June 2021

Gut microbes profoundly affect host health and physiology, exemplified by the finding that germ free (GF) mice are resistant to diet‐induced obesity. However, mechanisms behind this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Preliminary microarray results revealed that nuclear receptors (NR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α, were induced in GF versus conventional (Conv) mice. Due to their role in energy and lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that elevated levels of CAR and PPARα protect GF mice from diet‐induced weight gain. To establish proof of principle, Conv and GF mice were fed a lowfat (LF) or highfat (HF) diet for 4 weeks. Body weight, serum lipid levels, and hepatic NR and target gene expression were measured. As expected, HF‐fed Conv mice gained more weight than LF‐fed mice, while GF mice remained resistant to weight gain. GF mice displayed lower levels of portal triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids versus Conv mice, suggesting increased uptake by peripheral tissues. Additionally, the HF diet reduced portal TG levels, but to a lesser extent in GF mice. PPARα target genes, cytochrome p450 (cyp)4a10 and cluster of differentiation 36/fatty acid translocase CD36/FAT, as well as CAR and its target cyp2b10 were highly expressed in GF mice compared to Conv mice. Interestingly, the HF diet significantly induced CD36 and CAR expression compared to the LF diet in Conv, but not in GF mice. Collectively, these findings suggest a relationship between the gut microbiota and hepatic NR expression. However, further studies are needed to better elucidate these interactions, functional consequences, and the mechanisms through which they occur.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH 3T32DK007074‐39S1
The effects of intact cereal dietary fiber on measures related to regularity (822.7)
Authors: DeVries Jan , Miller Paige , Verbeke Kristin
Published: June 2021

Intact wheat dietary fiber has consistently been shown to increase stool weight, an accepted measure of laxation. However, less is known about the effects of wheat fiber on other measures of regularity, and the effectiveness of other intact cereal dietary fibers (ICDF) on regularity. The study objective was to systematically review, evaluate, and summarize the outcomes of intervention studies investigating the effectiveness of ICDF on regularity parameters. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PUBMED and EMBASE; supplementary literature searches included examining the reference lists of all relevant studies and pertinent review articles. Included studies were published from 1919 to 2012. Data on stool wet weight, stool dry weight, % water in stools, frequency, stool consistency, and total transit time were extracted. There are limited data available from the ICDF from other cereals, such as oat, barley, rice, corn, and sorghum, and are not sufficient to allow statistical comparison with wheat bran fiber for their effects on stool regularity parameters. Weighted regression analysis on the observations of intact wheat dietary fiber demonstrates a significant stool bulking effect. When initial transit time is more than 48 hrs, intervention with intact wheat dietary fiber can significantly reduce transit time.
Saturated dietary fat prevented unsaturated fat and alcohol‐mediated alterations in gut microbiota resulting in attenuation of intestinal barrier disruption and liver injury in an animal model of alcoholic liver disease (822.9)
Authors: Kirpich Irina , Feng Wenke , Wang Yuhua , Liu Yanlong , Barve Shirish , McClain Craig
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Gut microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALD. Dietary fat and alcohol both affect microbiota composition and abundance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different types of dietary fat on alcohol‐mediated changes in gut microbiota and consequent intestinal and liver injury. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were fed either saturated (medium chain triglycerides enriched [MCT]) or unsaturated (corn oil enriched) fat diet containing 5% ethanol for 8 weeks. Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome was performed by analyzing the fecal DNA by amplification of the V3‐V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and large‐scale parallel pyrosequencing on the 454 FLX Titanium platform. Intestinal barrier integrity; liver injury and steatosis were evaluated. Results: Dietary unsaturated fat and ethanol caused a decline in the abundance of both Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes phyla, with a proportional increase in the gram negative Proteobacteria and gram positive Actinobacteria phyla. The observed microbiota changes were associated with the alterations in the intestinal tight junctions; liver inflammation and injury. Notably, unsaturated fat and ethanol induced pathogenic alterations in the gut microbiome, intestinal barrier integrity, and the livers were prevented in animals receiving saturated fat diet and ethanol. Conclusion: ALD relevant pathogenic alterations in the gut microbiome induced by chronic ethanol are markedly influenced by dietary lipids. Dietary lipids can potentially provide therapeutic options in the management of ALD.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH, DOD and Veterans Administration
Nutritional evaluation of HIV positive and exposed children from the Takalik Abaj region of Guatemala (828.7)
Authors: Alfonso Victor , de Ponce Silvia , Villanueva Lisa , Reinhart Gregory
Published: June 2021

As part of a feeding study undertaken in Retalhuleu, 6 HIV positive and 41 HIV exposed children 6‐72 mo of age attending a Nutritional Attention Unit in Coatepeque were nutritionally evaluated. Anthropometric and biomarker data were collected to calculate the prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition, muscle mass depletion, chronic inflammation, anemia, and deficiency of iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamin B12 and iodine. Feeding patterns for children under 36 mo was also established. The results revealed that 23.5% of the children presented with acute malnutrition (WAZ < ‐1) and 78.2% had chronic malnutrition (HAZ < ‐1). Muscle mass depletion, using WHO standards for MUAC, was found in 33.2% and anemia in 20.3% of the children. Nutritional deficiencies were noted for serum folic (45%), erythrocyte folic acid (5.4%), vitamin B12 (8.7%), zinc (50%), iodine (41.3%) and iron (34.1%). The prevalence of chronic inflammation (AGP > 1g/L) was 11.3%. The feeding pattern of these children consisted of: corn tortilla, noodles, rice, oranges, bananas, sausage, chicken, eggs, black beans, sugar, water, coffee and natural beverages. In conclusion, HIV positive and exposed children in this region of southwestern Guatemala are at high risk of developing malnutrition. Nutritional compromise may burden an already challenged immunes system, decrease quality of life and decrease the likelihood of a favorable prognosis.

Grant Funding Source: The Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition®
Effects of a soy protein diet on serum leptin and isoflavones in obese versus lean Zucker rats (829.5)
Authors: Hakkak Reza , Korourian Soheila , Sepehr Estatira , Doerge Daniel
Published: June 2021

The obesity epidemic in the US continue to rise. Obese women have higher mortality rates from all cancers including breast cancer. Studies suggest health benefits from soy consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a soy diet on serum leptin and isoflavone levels in obese animals. Lean and obese female Zucker rats (n=34) were randomly assigned to diets containing: 1) caseinate, or 2) soy protein isolate for 8 weeks. Serum leptin was measured by ELISA and total isoflavones (measured as aglycones genistein, daidzein and equol) were measured by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Serum leptin levels were increased in obese vs lean animals on both diets (P<0.001)). Isoflavones were not detected in serum from the casein diet group. Serum total genistein (0.88 + 0.28 vs 1.18 + 0.5 µM) and daidzein (0.43 + 0.70 vs 0.59 + 0.24 µM) (lean vs obese rats, respectively) were not affected by obesity in the soy diet group but obesity caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction (1.40 + 0.46 vs 0.98 + 0.25 µM) in serum total equol levels. Our results suggest that isoflavone metabolism in the obese female Zucker rat model is altered compared to lean animals resulting in decreased equol formation by GI microflora following dietary soy consumption.

Grant Funding Source: The UAMS Children’s University Medical Group
Polyphenol blend reduces oxidative stress induced by heat stress in piglets (830.19)
Authors: van Kempen Theo , Fevery Sofie , Michiels Joris , De Smet Stefaan , van Hees Hubert
Published: June 2021

Polyphenols selected for bio‐availability can function as anti‐oxidants in animal tissues. As such, they may be better suited for managing oxidative stress than Vit. E whose impact easily saturates. To test this, newly‐weaned piglets were first put on diets devoid of Vit. E for 18 days. Subsequently, they were fed diets containing either 11 IU Vit. E (control), 80 IU Vit. E (80E), or 11 IU Vit. E + 69 IU Vit. E equivalent provided by a polyphenol blend (PB) containing rosmarinic and carnosic acid, curcumin, resveratrol, and naringenin. Seven days later piglets were submitted to heat stress known to induce oxidative stress: 40°C for 24h, flanked by blood sampling. Prior to heat stress, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower for PB (3.43 U/ml, n=15) than controls (5.01, n=14), while 80E was intermediate (3.75, n=12). The ORAC value was highest in PB (10237 uM TE) and lowest for 80E (9217). Following heat stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest in PB (7.33 nM), intermediate in 80E (7.74), and highest in controls (8.41). There was also a trend for SOD to be highest in the controls. SOD and MDA were positively correlated (R2=0.76), as were FRAP and MDA (R2=0.41). In conclusion, the polyphenol blend offered at least as good a protection against oxidative stress in heat‐stressed piglets than a high dose of Vit. E.

Grant Funding Source: Nutreco
Expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 1B1 alters anti‐inflammatory activity of quercetin, kaempferol and taxifolin in macrophage and monocyte (830.25)
Authors: Huang Haiqiu , Yu Liangli , Wang Thomas
Published: June 2021

Diet‐derived flavonoids quercetin (Q), kaempferol (K) and taxifolin (T) were studied for their anti‐inflammatory property in J774A.1 mouse macrophage, undifferentiated‐ (u‐) and differentiated‐ (d‐) human THP‐1 cells. Cells were pre‐incubated with respective compound for 48 h followed by stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory response. All test compounds inhibited LPS induction of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 mRNA expressions in J774A.1 cells with EC50 at 6 µM for Q, 5 µM for K, and 16 µM for T, respectively. Interestingly, all compounds at concentration up to 10 µM exerted no inhibitory effect on LPS induction of IL‐6 mRNA expression in u‐THP‐1 cells. In d‐THP‐1 cells, Q and K significantly inhibited LPS stimulation of IL‐6 mRNA expression, while T showed no inhibitory effect. This differential effect in different cell lines appeared to be associated with differential ability of the compounds to inhibit expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1), with potency of inhibition ranked K>Q>>T. CYP1B1 mRNA was detected in both u‐ and d‐THP‐1, but absent in J774A.1. In summary, among the structurally similar flavonoids, K exhibited most potent anti‐inflammatory effects, and possessed the most potent inhibitory effect on CYP1B1 expression. Hence, the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of a compound is negatively related to CYP1B1 expression.
Chronic consumption of a high polyphenol cranberry beverage protects against inflammation and improves endothelial function in healthy but overweight humans (830.26)
Authors: Kimble Lindsey , Mathison Bridget , McKay Diane , Chen C‐Y. Oliver , Blumberg Jeffrey , Kaspar Kerrie , Khoo Christina , Chew Boon
Published: June 2021

Clinical trials with cranberry products have mainly focused on urinary tract health. We studied the effects of chronic cranberry beverage consumption on oxidative damage, inflammation, and endothelial function in overweight but otherwise healthy humans. Seventy eight men and women (30‐70 y) with abdominal adiposity (BMI: 27‐35 kg/m2; waist:hip >0.8 for women and >0.9 for men; waist:height 蠅0.5) consumed 15.2 oz placebo or a high polyphenol content cranberry extract beverage (CEB) daily for 8 wk in a randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. Blood was collected at 0, 3, 5, and 8 h after challenge with an oral dose of glucose following a single dose of cranberry beverage (acute) and daily consumption for 8 wk (chronic). Compared to placebo, a single dose of CEB elevated (P<0.05) reduced glutathione and reduced:oxidized glutathione ratio in blood, indicating enhanced redox capacity. Consumption of CEB also decreased (P<0.05) endothelin‐1 and tended to increase (P=0.07) nitric oxide in plasma. Plasma IFN‐γ was elevated (P<0.05) after a single dose of CEB. After the chronic intervention, CEB decreased (P<0.05) IFN‐γ and C‐reactive protein, and tended to increase (P=0.07) superoxide dismutase activity. An acute dose of cranberry beverage improved redox status and endothelial function, while chronic consumption down‐regulated inflammatory biomarkers.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. and USDA
In vivo and in vitro studies on the antioxidant activity of hesperetin and its glycosylated derivatives (830.8)
Authors: Carvalho Patricia , de Franco Elida Paula , de Souza Verônica , de Araújo Maria Elisa , Franco Yollanda , Messias Márcia , Priviero Fernanda
Published: June 2021

The effect of of hesperetin (HT), hesperidin (HG) and G‐hesperidin (GHD) on oxidative‐antioxidative system and lipid profile in rats was evaluated and correlated to their in vitro antioxidant activity. Twenty‐four macho wistar (n=6) fed with standard rat chow diet were supplemented with each flavonoid (1mmol/Kg) and saline solution (control group). TBARS, GPx, SOD and CAT levels were measured in hepatic tissue. The levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and lipoprotein fraction cholesterol levels were measured in plasma. In vitro antioxidant was evaluated by DPPH radical‐scavenging and the kinetic parameters of xanthine oxidase inhibition were determined by Lineweaver‐Burk plots. GPx and SOD levels were significantly higher in HT and HD groups than those in control group. Both groups treated showed atherogenic index levels significantly lower compared to the control group. Hesperetin showed a greater in vitro antioxidant activity and was stronger xanthine oxidase inhibitor with IC50 value of 53µM and Ki value of 17.3µm. Although the aglycone form hesperetin showed higher scavenging activity against DPPH and the stronger xanthine oxidase inhibitor, the three compounds showed a positive change occurred in oxidative‐antioxidative balance in rats.

Grant Funding Source: FAPESP 2012/20393‐4
Pecan supplementation modulates plasma paraoxonase activity in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diets (831.9)
Authors: Bolling Bradley , McAvoy Beth , Kim Bohkyung , Park Young‐Ki , Martin Derek , Xie Liyang , Lee Ji‐Young
Published: June 2021

Pecans are a rich source of polyphenols and contain favorable lipid profiles which may improve cardiovascular disease risk. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed high‐fat and high cholesterol diets or the same diet supplemented with 3.5% pecan or 7% pecan. At 4 wk, total cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly different between supplemented and non‐supplemented groups. Mice supplemented with 7% pecans had 1‐fold greater liver isoprostanes than the 3.5% pecan and control groups determined by ELISA (P = 0.0156 by one‐way ANOVA). Both plasma and liver superoxide dismutase activities were not significantly different between groups. Plasma paraoxonase organophosphatase activity was increased by 42% and 97% from the control group in 3.5% and 7% pecan supplemented mice, respectively (P = 0.0101). In contrast, plasma and liver phenylacetate arylesterase and dihydrocoumarin lactonase activities, measures of paraoxonase‐1 and paraoxonase‐2 activities respectively, were not significantly different between groups. Thus, pecan supplementation increases paraoxonase organophosphotase activity, but not arylesterase or lactonase activities in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice.

Grant Funding Source: Supported by the University of Connecticut College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Metabolites of arachidonic acid acting in the small intestine mediate systemic and vascular inflammation in LDLR null mice (832.13)
Authors: Navab Kaveh
Published: June 2021

We previously reported that a Western Diet increased levels of free arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites in the small intestine and plasma of LDLR null mice and increased plasma levels of serum amyloid A (SAA). To determine the role of AA metabolites in initiating inflammation, LDLR null mice on a chow diet were or were not administered 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15‐HETE) at a dose of 5 μg/day (mixed into the chow) or the mice received 5 μg/day subcutaneously (SQ). After two weeks the mice were bled, perfused with saline to remove any remaining blood and the heart was harvested. Plasma levels of SAA were determined by ELISA and levels of free AA and its metabolites were determined in plasma by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Plasma SAA levels increased from 6.4 ± 1.9 ug/mL on chow without 15‐HETE to 15 ± 7 ug/mL with oral 15‐HETE (p<0.0001) and 15 ± 8 µg/mL with SQ (p = 0.0004). Plasma levels of free AA increased from 2435 ± 420 ng/mL on chow to 3274 ± 517 ng/mL with oral 15‐HETE (p<0.0001) and 2712 ± 479 ng/mL with SQ (p = 0.001). Three hours after the last SQ dose, plasma 15‐HETE levels were 0.9 ± 0.4 ng/mL on chow, 2.7 ± 1.5 ng/mL after oral (p<0.0001) and 1.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL after SQ 15‐HETE (p<0.0001). 5‐HETE and 12‐HETE levels also increased (p<0.001) and the magnitude of the changes were similar whether the 15‐HETE was administered orally or SQ. We conclude i) 15‐HETE administration increases plasma SAA, and free AA levels to a similar degree whether administered orally or SQ; ii) These results suggest that AA metabolites such as 15‐HETE can act in the small intestine to regulate systemic inflammation.

Grant Funding Source: NIH
Optical versus impedance lamellar body counts on the Sysmex XT‐2000 automated hematology analyzer (834.13)
Authors: Desai Diana , Bennett Sterling
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome, the ninth leading cause of newborn mortality in the US, is caused by fetal lung immaturity due to pulmonary surfactant deficiency. Lamellar body counts (LBC) are often employed for fetal lung maturity assessment. The Sysmex XT‐2000 hematology analyzer measures LBC in amniotic fluid using either impedance or optical platelet counts. The objective of this study was to compare impedance versus optical LBCs.

Methods: LBC tests were performed on 18 residual frozen amniotic fluid specimens on a Sysmex XT‐2000 analyzer in an Intermountain Healthcare laboratory, following manufacturer’s instructions for impedance and optical platelet counts.

Results: Results were highly correlated (r2=0.99). Mean impedance and optical LBC values were 60.6 and 62.1 x103/uL, respectively (p=0.0079). The mean difference between paired values was ‐2.7% (range ‐7.8% to +3.1%).

Conclusions: Impedance and optical LBCs are highly comparable using the Sysmex XT‐2000 analyzer.