bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mind and body: Mental health and health related quality of life in SCI caregivers from Neiva, Colombia
Authors: Coleman Jennifer A. , Harper Leia A. , Perrin Paul B. , Olabarrieta Landa Laiene , Leonor Olivera Silvia , Libardo Perdomo Jose , Anselmo Arango Jose , Carlos Arango-Lasprilla Juan
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Despite the body of research on caregivers of individuals with various types of disabilities, SCI caregivers have received comparably less attention, especially in regions like Latin America.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between HRQOL and mental health in SCI caregivers from Colombia.

METHOD: A cross sectional study assessed SCI caregivers ( n = 40) in Neiva, Colombia. Participants completed a measure of their HRQOL (SF-36 Health Questionnaire) and four measures of mental health (Satisfaction With Life Scale, Zarit Burden Interview, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).

RESULTS: A canonical correlation between variables revealed that 64% of the variance was shared between mental health and HRQOL. The domains that loaded highest within the canonical correlation were social functioning, general health, and anxiety, indicating that SCI caregivers with higher anxiety experienced lower social functioning and lower general health. Furthermore, 15 of the 24 bivariate correlations between mental health and HRQOL were statistically significant, suggesting a strong connection between these two sets of variables.

CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation professionals in Latin America should consider the development of caregiver interventions focusing on both physical and mental health, as the two constructs are closely connected through social functioning, general health, and anxiety.
Effects of dual-task cognitive-gait intervention on memory and gait dynamics in older adults with a history of falls: A preliminary investigation
Authors: You Joshua H. , Shetty Anand , Jones Tawaih , Shields Kimberli , Belay Yordanos , Brown Deborah
Published: December 2019

The present study highlights the effects of the dual-task cognitive-gait intervention (CGI) on working memory and gait functions in older adults with a history of falls. Thirteen older adults with a history of falls were recruited from local community centers and randomly stratified into either the control ( n = 5) or experimental ( n = 8) group. The experimental group received the dual-task cognitive-motor intervention involving simultaneous motor (walking) and cognitive (memory recall) task whereas the control group received a placebo treatment (walking with simple music). The intervention was provided 30 minutes per session, over a 6-week period. Memory measures included a combination of word recall and arithmetic task. Gait function measures included velocity and center of pressure (COP) stability. Non-parametric tests were used at p < 0.05. The experimental group showed a greater memory performance than the control ( p < 0.05). However, no significant intervention-related changes in gait velocity and stability were observed. Our findings provide the first evidence in literature to demonstrate that the long-term dual-task cognitive-motor intervention improved memory of older adults with a history of falls under the dual cognitive motor task condition.
Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale as a clinical tool in measurements of post-stroke elbow flexor spasticity
Authors: Ansari Noureddin Nakhostin , Naghdi Soofia , Hasson Scott , Mousakhani Atefeh , Nouriyan Azam , Omidvar Zeinab
Published: December 2019

Patients with neurological conditions may be affected by spasticity. The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) is a clinical tool used to measure spasticity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the inter-rater reliability of the MMAS during the assessment of elbow flexor spasticity in adult patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Twenty-one adult patients with stroke (5 women, 16 men) with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range, 47–68) were tested. Elbow flexors on the affected side were examined. Inter-rater reliability for two inexperienced raters was very good. The weighted Kappa value was 0.81 (Standard Error = 0.097, 95% CI: 0.62–1.00, p = 0.0002). The weighted percentage agreement was 97.4%. The agreement between raters occurred mostly on score 1 (38.1%) followed by score 0 (23.8%). The MMAS yielded reliable measurements between raters when used on patients post-stroke with elbow flexor spasticity.
The role of the corticospinal tract in motor recovery in patients with a stroke: A review
Authors: Jang Sung Ho
Published: December 2019

The corticospinal tract (CST) is the major neuronal pathway that mediates voluntary movements. The preservation or recovery of the CST is mandatory for good recovery of impaired motor function in patients with a stroke. However, the role of the CST in motor recovery in stroke patients is not well-elucidated. In the current study, we reviewed the literature related to the role of the CST in motor recovery in stroke patients with respect to the following: recovery of a damaged CST, peri-lesional reorganization at the subcortical level, peri-lesional reorganization at the level of the cortex, the ipsilateral motor pathway from the affected hemisphere to the affected extremities, and locomotor recovery.
The comparison of cortical activation patterns by active exercise, proprioceptive input, and touch stimulation in the human brain: A functional MRI study
Authors: Chang Min Chul , Ahn Sang Ho , Cho Yun Woo , Son Su Min , Kwon Yong Hyun , Lee Mi Young , Byun Woo Mok , Jang Sung Ho
Published: December 2019

Active execution, proprioception, and touch discrimination are important for the execution of movement. In the current study, we attempted to compare the cortical activation patterns of active exercise, proprioceptive input, and touch stimulation in the normal human brain using functional MRI. Nine subjects were recruited for this study. Functional MRI was performed using 1.5-T with three tasks at a fixed rate. The active exercise and proprioceptive input were performed at the metacarpophalangeal joint using a specially equipped apparatus, and touch stimulation was applied on the dorsum of the hand using a rubber brush. We performed analysis using the region of interest (ROI) method, and calculated the laterality index (LI) to assess the relative activity in the ipsilateral versus the contralateral ROI. When active exercise or proprioceptive input were applied, the LI in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) was significantly higher than that of touch stimulation. The supplementary motor cortex, cerebellum, and contralateral SM1 showed stronger activation during active exercise than during proprioceptive input or touch stimulation, and the opposite pattern was observed in the insula. We found that the LIs of active exercise and proprioceptive input were higher than the LI of touch stimulation. This suggest that touch stimulation may be a less lateralized function than active exercise and proprioceptive input.
Acute effect of repeated passive motion exercise on shoulder position sense in patients with hemiplegia: A pilot study
Authors: Baek Ji-Hye , Kim Jun-Woo , Kim Suhn-Yeop , Oh Duck-Won , Yoo Eun-Young
Published: December 2019

Objective:

To determine the effect of repeated passive motion (RPM) exercise on position sense of the shoulder joint in patients with hemiplegia.

Methods:

Shoulder flexion position sense was evaluated for the affected side of 15 patients with hemiplegia, using an assessment board set at five angles (30°, 60°, 90°, 120° and 150°). First, the affected shoulder was positioned passively, twice at each angle. Then, with the patient blindfolded, a repositioning test was performed twice at each angle, presented in random order. The assessment score was calculated as the proportion of correct responses (PCRs) for repositioning. After the testing, the RPM exercise, consisting of scapular and shoulder motions, was performed in a supine position for 15 min, and the testing was repeated.

Results:

After the RPM exercise, there was a significant difference in total PCR for right hemiplegia ( p < 0.05) and in total PCR and PCR at 90° for left hemiplegia ( p < 0.05). However, the PCR was not significantly different between right and left hemiplegia at any angle. For all of the patients, the total PCR and the PCRs for every angle except 30° and 150° were significantly greater after the RPM exercise ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The RPM exercise was helpful in improving proprioception in patients with hemiplegia. Further studies are needed to generalize these findings.
Long-term recovery of motor function in a quadriplegic patient with diffuse axonal injury and traumatic hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Seong Ho , Kim Oh Lyong , Cho Yun Woo , Son Su Min , Jang Sung Ho
Published: December 2019

There have been no studies on motor recovery in severe quadriplegic patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from combined causes of weakness; this type of patient is often seen in rehabilitation clinics. We report on a quadriplegic patient who showed long-term motor recovery from severe weakness caused by a diffuse axonal injury (DAI) on the brainstem and a traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on left cerebral peduncle, as evaluated by diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI). A 17-year-old male patient presented with quadriparesis at the onset of TBI. Over the 28-month period following the onset of the injury, the motor function of the four extremities slowly recovered to a range that was nearly normal. Two longitudinal DTIs (at 11 and 28 months from onset) and fMRI (at 28 months) were performed. Fractional anisotropy and an apparent diffusion coefficient were measured using the region of interest method, and diffusion tensor tractography was conducted using a DTI/fMRI combination. Fractional anisotrophy values in the brainstem, which were markedly decreased on the 11-month DTI, were increased on the 28-month DTI. On the fMRI performed at 28 months, the contralateral primary sensori-motor cortex was activated by the movement of either the right or left hand. Diffusion tensor tractography showed that fiber tracts originating from the motor-sensory cortex passed through the known corticospinal tract pathway to the pons. It seems that the weakness of this patient recovered due to the recovery of the damaged corticospinal tracts.
Motor function and participation among Nigerian stroke survivors: 6-Month follow-up study
Authors: Hamzat Talhatu K. , Peters Grace O.
Published: December 2019

The pattern of and relationship between motor function and participation among community-dwelling stroke survivors in Ibadan, Nigeria was studied over a 6-month period.

Twenty post stroke individuals were recruited out of which 16 (9 males and 7 females) completed the study. Motor function and participation were assessed within 4 weeks after stroke (baseline) and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and the 5th month at the respective residence of the patients using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS) and London Handicap Scale (LHS) respectively.

Results showed statistically significant increase in both motor function (Friedman's ANOVA 37.50; p = 0.00) and participation (Friedman's ANOVA = 41.87; p < 0.001) across 6 months. Significant correlation was observed between overall total scores of the motor function and participation measures at the 1st month. The Orientation and Economic Self-Sufficiency domains of the LHS were however not significantly correlated with the MMAS items ( p > 0.05). At the 6th month, LHS did not correlate with MMAS items except between physical independence and sitting to standing, occupation and sitting to standing, and physical independence and walking.

The results show that recovery of motor function and increase in level of participation occurred progressively across six months post stroke. This apparent association between motor function and participation suggest that as patients were regaining motor function, their participation level was also improving.
Velopharyngeal function in adult speakers of Portuguese diagnosed with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Vitorino Jussara
Published: December 2019

Objective:

The primary aim of the present investigation was to obtain the nasalance score in Portuguese speakers with multiple sclerosis (MS) in order to identify velopharyngeal impairments and to enhance clinicians’ ability to employ appropriate therapy strategies for speech disorders in MS.

Design:

Perceptual assessments (speech sample analysis) and instrumental technique (Nasometer) were performed. Two passages were constructed in the Portuguese Language: one similar to the Grandfather Passage for perceptual assessments and the other similar to the Zoo Passage for the nasalance score. Participants: Seventy (70) adult Portuguese speakers with MS and seventy five (75) nonneurologically disordered Portuguese speakers were involved in this study.

Results/Conclusion:

The mean nasalance score of the MS participants was found to be significantly higher than of the control group, confirming velopharyngeal dysfunction in the Portuguese speakers group with MS. The results in this study contrast with a low incidence of velopharyngeal impairment present in English speakers with MS. These findings are discussed with respect to the degree of hypernasality and the potential influence of these impairments on the verbal output of the speakers of Portuguese.
“Patternizing” standards of sit-to-stand movements with support in cerebral palsy
Authors: Yonetsu Ryo , Nitta Osamu , Surya John
Published: December 2019

Objective:

By utilizing “patternizing” standards, this study attempted to obtain objective evaluation index of sit-to-stand (STS) movements of children with cerebral palsy (CP). In hopes that this understanding can lead to a standardized and effective physical therapy treatment of CP STS movements.

Design:

The subjects were 50 children with CP, aged from three years and two months to twelve years and four months, mean age nine years and eleven months. The control group consisted of ten healthy children, aged from four years and five months to eleven years and ten months, mean age seven years and two months. In the analysis, firstly, pictures of the subjects’ (CP and control group) STS movements were taken from the side with one digital video camera. Next, these STS movements were classified into two phases (first phase, sitting position to hip off the seat; second phase, hip off the seat to standing position), and the state of the subjects’ extremities was evaluated by 15 items. Based on these 15 items, characteristics of STS movements were identified and recorded as YES or NO. Finally, using SPSS (version13), cluster analysis was conducted.

Results:

The subjects’ STS movements were classified into five aggregate groups.

Conclusion:

From these findings, it was possible to distinguish the characteristics and differences of STS movements in healthy children and CP subjects. Moreover, the CP subjects were also able to be classified into four groups based on their shared characteristics of STS movements.
Psychomotor and motor functioning in children with cryptogenic localization related epilepsy
Authors: van Mil Saskia G.M. , de la Parra Nora M. , Reijs Rianne P. , van Hall Mariette H.J.A. , Aldenkamp Albert P.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate psychomotor- and motor functioning in children with cryptogenic localization related epilepsy (CLRE) and to explore possible relationships between these two functions. Eighty-nine children were included. Results of reaction times measurements and motor functioning tasks were compared to age-related normative values. Correlations between the psychomotor and motor tasks were computed.

Manual dexterity and balance problems are present in about 35% of CLRE-children. Ball skills are problematic in approximately 55% of the children. Simple reaction time measurements showed significantly slowing for CLRE children relative to the reference values. Also, performance on the m-ABC was significantly lower than the reference values. The better the child's performance on the simple reaction time measurements, the better the performance on the m-ABC.
Perspectives on evidence based practice in ABI rehabilitation. “Relevant Research”: Who decides?
Authors: Wiseman-Hakes Catherine , MacDonald Sheila , Keightley Michelle
Published: December 2019

Growing evidence suggests that acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation and research should be guided by a philosophy that focuses on: restoration, compensation, function and participation in all aspects of daily life. Such a broad, more pluralistic approach influences ABI rehabilitation research at a number of levels, including both the generation of evidence, and in searching for, critiquing and applying the evidence to practice. The objective of evidence based medicine/practice (EBM/EBP) is to apply and integrate clinical expertise with evidence gained through systematic research and scientific inquiry to medical/clinical practice. While there is abundant literature debating the practical and sociological implications of EBP, there has been limited examination of EBP within the inherently complex nature of ABI rehabilitation and rehabilitation research. This paper provides a framework for clinical decision making regarding evidence based practice in the context of ABI rehab including: 1. A discussion of the purpose of evidence based practice, 2. Levels of evidence relevant to ABI rehabilitation research, and 3. A rationale for incorporating a broader, more pluralistic concept of evidence or “person-centred EBP”. We conclude with a series of key questions for the evaluation and application of systematic reviews of the evidence in the context of ABI rehabilitation.
Does attendance at a multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation program for people with Parkinson's disease produce quantitative short term or long term improvements? A systematic review
Authors: Johnston Maureen , Chu Eli
Published: December 2019

A systematic review was conducted of the evidence for the effectiveness of the outcomes from treatment by multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation programs which were provided by more than one allied health or nursing discipline for people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). The search yielded only 4 studies ranging from poor to good quality, on the outcomes of multidisciplinary rehabilitation. There were no available random controlled trials on short term outcomes although some limited evidence from lower quality studies suggested significant short term gains are achieved in gait speed and step length. No consistent evidence is available for other outcome measures. From the available evidence for longer term outcomes over a period of 4–6 months post intervention the improvements in outcome measures for gait are not significant. The results of this systematic review suggest that there is limited evidence to suggest short term gains in outcomes for people with PD attending multidisciplinary programs but over a 4–6 month period these gains are no longer significant. Overall, there is very limited high level evidence available to show whether multidisciplinary out-patient programs produce effective, either short or long term, outcomes for PD and further research is needed.
A review of diffusion tensor imaging studies on motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients
Authors: Jang S.H.
Published: December 2019

For the past decade, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used in elucidation of the motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients. In the current study, I reviewed the DTI studies with regard to the motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients, according to the following classification of motor recovery mechanisms; recovery of a damaged lateral corticospinal tract (CST), subcortical peri-lesional reorganization, ipsilateral motor pathway from the unaffected motor cortex to the affected extremities, and other motor recovery mechanisms. In addition, I discussed the characteristics of DTI as an evaluation tool for motor recovery mechanisms and future direction. DTI has a unique advantage in identification and estimation of neural tracts at the subcortical level. Therefore, it could contribute much to research on the motor recovery mechanisms of stroke patients, especially, in terms of recovery of a damaged CST and subcortical peri-lesional reorganization. In spite of the advantages of DTI, fewer DTI studies on this topic have been conducted compared to studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation or functional MRI. Therefore, the total number of DTI studies on this topic should be increased. Moreover, further studies on various topics related to brain plasticity of motor function, as well as the motor recovery mechanism itself, should be encouraged; for example, DTI changes with passage of time, with rehabilitative intervention, or with motor recovery.
Effect of endurance exercise training on the expression of GFAP, S100B, and NSE in the striatum of chronic/progressive mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Al-Jarrah Muhammed D. , Jamous Mohammed
Published: December 2019

Goals and Objectives:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in elderly. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calcium-binding protein (S100B), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are brain damage markers. The main goal of this study is to investigate the expression of these markers in the striatum (ST) of chronic/progressive mouse model of PD, and to study the effect of endurance exercise training on the expression of those markers.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, forty C57BL/6 albino mice were randomly divided into four groups. Sedentary control (SC, n = 10), exercise control (ExC, n = 10), sedentary Parkinson’s (SPD, n = 10), and exercised Parkinson’s (ExPD, n = 10). Chronic Parkinsonism was induced by injecting the animals with 10 doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (25 mg/kg) and probenecid (250 mg/kg) over 5 weeks. Modified human treadmill was used to train the mice at a speed of 18 m/min, 0 degrees of inclination, 40 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. At the end of exercise training, we examined the expression of these markers on the striatum of the four animal groups using immunohistochemistry.

Results and Discussion:

Parkinsonism increases the expression of NSE, S100B, and GFAP in the ST, p value P < 0.001, < 0.05, and < 0.7 respectively compared with control group. Exercise training decreases the expression of NSE, S100B, and GFAP in the exercised PD mice compared with sedentary PD mice p value < 0.005, < 0.02, and < 0.40 respectively.

Conclusion:

Treadmill exercise training decreased the expression of brain damage markers in the striatum of chronic Parkinsonian mice, which can partially explain the beneficial neuroprotective role of exercise in patients with PD.
Botulinum Toxin in the management of hitchhiker's toe
Authors: Gaber Tarek A.-Z.K. , Basu Bhaskar , Shakespeare David , Singh Rajiv , Salam Sohail , McFarlane John
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Hyperextension of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle is a well recognised disabling sequel of either pyramidal or extrapyramidal lesions causing what is known as striated or hitchhiker’s toe. Surgery was the only effective strategy to manage EHL hyperextension before botulinum toxin’s use to manage muscular dystonia and spasticity became widely popular.

Methods:

A multicentre retrospective study. A standard proforma was sent to specialists in neurological rehabilitation dealing routinely with this problem. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results:

Four consultants and two trainees representing five separate neurological rehabilitation services agreed to participate in the study. Full data was available from the 29 proformas completed. The subjects were 15 females with an age range between 20 and 78 years (mean 58.7). Stroke was the primary diagnosis in 18 subjects. Four subjects had bilateral involvement. 16 subjects had either an associated foot drop or equino varus deformity. Dysport® was used in 15 subjects with an average dose of 170 units per injection and Botox® in the other 14 with an average dose of 65 units. The treatment was effective in 24 subjects (83%). All patients receiving Dysport® responded to the treatment. Whilst 5 Botox® treated patients failed to respond to it (35% failure rate). Most of the non respondents seemed to receive insufficient doses of Botox® (below 60 units). Surgical management was successful in 3 out of the 5 non respondent cases.

Conclusion:

Botilinum Toxin is an effective and safe method to manage hitchhicker’s toe. In our study the conversion ratio between Dysport® and Botox® was 2.5:1. Third of the patients receiving Botox® failed to respond to the treatment most probably due to insufficient doses used.
The effect of robo-horseback riding therapy on spinal alignment and associated muscle size in MRI for a child with neuromuscular scoliosis: An experimenter-blind study
Authors: Lee Dong Ryul , Lee Nam Gi , Cha Hyun Jung , O Yun Sung , You Sung (Joshua) Hyun , Oh Jin Hwan , Bang Hyo Seong
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

This case study was conducted to highlight the clinical and radiological features of a patient with progressive neuromuscular scoliosis before and after robo-horseback riding therapy (HBRT).

Design:

A clinical, laboratory, and radiological analysis of a single case.

Subject:

An 11-year-old child, dignosed right thoracolumbar neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to cerebral palsy.

Method:

The child received a 5-week course of robo-HBRT, comprising of 60-minute periods a day, five times a week. Postural alignment was determined by Cobb’s method. A real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to determine the robo-HBRT-induced changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) of bilateral thoracic (T2) and lumbar (L2) paraspinalis. Clinical tests including the standard Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and manual muscle testing (MMT) with the Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester were used to compare the intervention-related changes in motor performance and power. The surface EMG was also used to examine therapy-induced changes in muscle activity amplitude for bilateral T2 and L2 paraspinalis and rectus abdominis muscles.

Results:

Clinical motor and strength scores increased after the intervention. Radiographic Cobb’s angle, MRI, and electromyographic amplitude data demonstrated notably enhanced spinal alignment and muscle fiber CSA and symmetry, respectively.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to provide evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of a novel form of robo-HBRT on motor function and associated structural and motor control improvements, thus suggesting a method of augmenting therapy in neuromuscular scoliosis.
Comparing routine neurorehabilitation programme with callisthenic exercises in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Keser Ilke , Meric Aydin , Kirdi Nuray , Kurne Asli , Karabudak Rana
Published: December 2019

We conducted a study that examined the effectiveness of callisthenic exercises in multiple sclerosis. 30 individuals were divided into two groups. The first group did 15~callisthenic exercises and the second group did routine neurorehabilitation programme. Both groups did the programmes for three days per week over six weeks. Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F), muscle strength tests, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), Turkish versions of Short Form of 36 (SF-36), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were used for evaluation. After physiotherapy programmes VAS-F, muscle strength, BBS scores decreased significantly in both groups. HAD anxiety score of the first group and HAD depression score of the second group changed significantly. There were no differences in MSFC and SF-36 scores in any groups. The difference between groups was not significant in any parameters, except for the muscle test for upper limbs of the second group. Callisthenic exercises are seen as a new therapy choice, which are different from routine exercises, in order to decrease fatigue, improve balance and muscle strength. Callisthenics are thought to be a beneficial tool for MS patients.
Critical illness polyneuropathy: A case report
Authors: Celik Canan , Ucan Halil , Alemdaroglu Ebru , Oktay Fugen
Published: December 2019

Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) is defined as a common complication of critically ilness patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit due to sepsis, multiple trauma and/or multi-organ failure. We aimed to present a patient who was diagnosed as CIP. He was admitted to our outpatient clinic due to weakness and pain in his lower extremities. He had been followed in an intensive care unit due to suicid five months ago. There were symmetrically and predominantly muscle weakness, sensory impairment, absence of deep tendon reflexes in his lower extremities. Electrophysiological evaluation demonstrated motor and sensory axonal distal polyneuropathy predominantly in lower extremities. At follow up, he had high fever, and elevated acute phase responses. Therefore source of infection was investigated and was suspected to a diagnosis of infective endocarditis. He was discharged to be hospitalized in cardiology clinic.

With this case, we think that physiatrists should take into consideration a diagnosis of critical illness polyneuropathy in patients with symmetric motor weakness. In CIP, muscle weakness, sensory loss, neuropathic pain, and autonomic problems lengthened the rehabilitation period. Due to a diagnosis of infective endocarditis in our case, we point out that source of infection should be carefully investigated if there is acute phase responses in CIP patients even if during rehabilitation period.
The clinical application of the arcuate fasciculus for stroke patients with aphasia: A diffusion tensor tractography study
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Lee Dong Gyu , You Hee , Son Su Min , Cho Yun Woo , Chang Min Cheol , Lee Jun , Jang Sung Ho
Published: December 2019

Little is known about the clinical usefulness of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) for the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in stroke patients with aphasia. Using DTT, we attempted to investigate the clinical usefulness of the AF in patients with aphasia. Five stroke patients and 7 age- and sex-matched normal subjects were recruited for this study. We recruited stroke patients with language dysfunction who had lesions in the left corona radiata and basal ganglia level. DTT for the AF was reconstructed using DTI-studio software. Korean-Western Aphasia Battery (K-WAB) was used for measurement of language function. Patient 1, who showed mild dysarthria, revealed a normal left AF in terms of integrity and DTT parameters. In patient 2, with conduction aphasia, the left AF showed partial injury; however, the integrity of the left AF was spared. Patients 3 and 4, who had no brain lesions at Broca's area on conventional brain MRI, showed disruptions of the left AF over the stroke lesions after originating from Wernicke's area and they presented with Broca's aphasia. Patient 5 revealed global aphasia on K-WAB and the left AF was not reconstructed due to severe injury and Wallerian degeneration. We found that DTT for the AF could provide useful information on the presence or severity of injury of the AF, which could not be detected on conventional brain MRI in stoke patients. In addition, it could be helpful in classification of the aphasia type of stroke patients.
Sodium amobarbital: Historical perspectives and neurorehabilitation clinical caveats
Authors: Nichols Laura L. , Zasler Nathan D. , Martelli Michael
Published: December 2019

The sodium amobarbital (amytal) (SA) interview is a technique that has been utilized in the treatment of a variety of disorders since its introduction in 1929. Since that time, there has been an assortment of research conducted showing its value in both differential diagnosis and treatment of multiple conditions. Notwithstanding the substantive amount of experience with the technique and its application to a myriad number of clinical conditions, it remains a seldom used procedure in clinical practice and certainly in neurorehabilitation. This paper will review the history of SA, as well as summarize the literature published over the past two decades on the clinical applications of SA to provide readers with a foundation for the utility of this agent, as well as the sodium amytal interview (SAI) in neurorehabilitation clinical practice. Special emphasis will be placed on the use of the SAI in individuals with functional disorders that may be seen in the neurorehabilitation setting, as well as various classes of pain disorders.
Motor impairments at presentation of clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis: Characterization of different disease subtypes
Authors: Kalron Alon , Achiron Anat , Dvir Zeevi
Published: December 2019

Objectives:

To evaluate the frequency of motor impairments in patients with recently diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS.

Methods:

Following a neurological examination, patients with CIS were subdivided into two groups according to the number of functional systems involved at onset. Groups consisted of monosymptomatic ( n = 35, mean EDSS = 1.3 ± 0.2) and polysymptomatic ( n = 17, mean EDSS = 2.6 ± 0.1) patients. Motor assessment included peak isometric torque and fatigue index (FI) measured at the knee and ankle bilaterally and spatiotemporal parameters of gait and postural control. Lesion load and atrophy were measured on a 3.0T brain MRI using MSAnalyze computerized software. Twenty eight age- and gender-matched healthy subjects served as controls for motor assessment.

Results:

Polysymptomatic patients demonstrated reduced peak strength and FI, slower gait velocity, narrower base of support and increased sway rate compared to healthy subjects and mono-symptomatic patients. Furthermore, polysymptomatic and monosymptomatic patient median score in T2-weighted volume lesions (mm3) was 4875 and 1628, respectively.

Conclusions:

Evidence of two subtypes of CIS was established in context with MRI findings and motor deficits. Differentiating between these groups can potentially improve management of MS patients at the initial stages of the disease process.
Commanding Right And Forbidding Wrong: A Behavioral Investigation Using The Rowing Game
Authors: Mohamed Hazik
Published: December 2019

There have been many empirical investigationinto property rights and rule of law in economic development, they do not demonstrate how deep religious understanding in human behavior for mutually beneficial decision-making. This paper attempts to address this concern so as to understand religious beliefs in constructive actions. This paper investigates the degree of compliance of individual behavior to the Islamic commandment of 'commanding right and forbidding wrong', through a behavioral approach, to understand the pervasiveness of Islamic morality in our modern societies, and how Muslims actually behave as opposed to what the Qur'an prescribes for them. The methodology of this researchevaluates the actions of experiment participants (divided into religious affiliations) through a Rowing Game that was intended to test for the rule of 'commanding right and forbidding wrong'. “The game is a prototype of a social contract where it illustrates how 'mutual undertakings' create a psychological tension between individual rationality, group benefit and straightforward compliance to Allah's commandment” (Mohamed et al, 2018). The complex nature of this command and prohibition results from the varied understanding of who is responsible (and adept enough) to enforce it, during which time is appropriate to do so and by what means. In this particular experiment, Muslims and non-Muslims appear to perform the same, with negative priming effects on the Muslims and positive priming effects for the non-Muslims.
Identifying Students' Learning Styles on Reading Comprehension Achievement
Authors: Setiowati Handayani
Published: December 2019

This study aims to identify the effect of type of students’learning styles in reading comprehension achievement. The design of the research was a descriptive quantitative research that used a case study design. A total of 20 students of reading class on the second semester of IAIN Metro was sample of this research. In collecting the data, the researcher used questionnaire of learning style and reading comprehension test. In the analysis of data, the writer classified the categorization of learning style from the questionnaire and the scores of reading comprehension tests. Then, the result was analyzed by comparing the mean score in test manually using by percentage correct. The finding of the research the students have three types of learning style, they are visual (45%), auditory (30%), and kinesthetic (25%), in which visual is the most dominant. whereas the result of reading comprehension test, the mean score of visual is 79.2, auditory is 70.8, and kinesthetic is 65. In conclusion, It showed that the students of reading class on second semester of IAIN Metro used three types of learning style, but visual learning style is the most dominant learning style the students have.
Anwerbeprogramme in der Pflege:
Authors: Kordes Jan
Published: December 2019

In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass die Zunahme staatlicher und privater Anwerbung von Pflegefachkräften nach Deutschland als Versuch einer räumlichen „Lösung“ der Krise sozialer Reproduktion in ihrer Manifestation eines eklatanten Arbeitskraftmangels im institutionellen Gesundheits- und Pflegesektor verstanden werden kann.  Der Beitrag diskutiert empirisch die Positionen von Arbeitgeberverbänden, Gewerkschaften und Berufsverbänden zur Anwerbung. Anwerbung wird seit einiger Zeit von Arbeitgeberseite gefordert und auch seitens der Politik unterstützt. Die strukturellen Ursachen des Aufkommens dieser Strategie werden theoretisch reflektiert durch Bezüge zur feministischen Forschung zur Globalisierung der Reproduktionsarbeit, zu materialistischen Perspektiven auf Migrationspolitik sowie einer fruchtbaren Auseinandersetzung mit Harveys Konzept des spatial fixaus der Sicht kritischer Migrationsforschung. Durch diese raumtheoretische Perspektivierung wird aufgrund der spezifischen Verfassung des Pflegesektors deutlich, weshalb Anwerbung als struktureller Lösungsversuch an Bedeutung gewinnt. Das empirische Material zeigt, dass diese Strategie seitens der Gewerkschaften nicht unwidersprochen bleibt; dabei muss die Politisierung dieses Prozesses jedoch verstärkt im Hinblick auf eine gemeinsame Positionierung mit migrantischen Pflegefachkräften erfolgen.
Pedestrian Detection in Driver Assistance Using SSD and PS-GAN
Authors: Zheng Kun , Wei Mengfei , Li Shenhui , Yang Dong , Liu Xudong
Published: December 2019

Pedestrian detection is a critical challenge in the field of general object detection, the performance of object detection has advanced with the development of deep learning. However, considerable improvement is still required for pedestrian detection, considering the differences in pedestrian wears, action, and posture. In the driver assistance system, it is necessary to further improve the intelligent pedestrian detection ability. We present a method based on the combination of SSD and GAN to improve the performance of pedestrian detection. Firstly, we assess the impact of different kinds of methods which can detect pedestrians based on SSD and optimize the detection for pedestrian characteristics. Secondly, we propose a novel network architecture, namely data synthesis PS-GAN to generate diverse pedestrian data for verifying the effectiveness of massive training data to SSD detector. Experimental results show that the proposed manners can improve the performance of pedestrian detection to some extent. At last, we use the pedestrian detector to simulate a specific application of motor vehicle assisted driving which would make the detector focus on specific pedestrians according to the velocity of the vehicle. The results establish the validity of the approach.
Pendidikan Jihad Menurut Imam Bukhari (Studi Naskah Hadits-Hadits Kitab al Jihad Dalam Shahih Bukhari)
Authors: Al-Hamat Anung , Mujahidin Endin , Tamam Abas Mansur , Hafidhuddin Didin
Published: December 2019

There are two mistaken blocks in looking upon the essence of the holy war that apparently influence the religious and social life. It implies that there is a group that sees sarcastically to the terminology of the holy war even there is one that tries to eliminate from the Islamic Shari�a. On the other hand, it appears a group that behaves in extreme way and sees the holy war in narrow outlook, that is war. This is the importance of propagating the education of the holy war with the right way referring to the authoritative Islamic scholars. This research focuses on the holy war education of Imam Bukhari by studying chapters and hadiths arranged in the book of the holy war in his shahih book. So that it can be known how the idea of Imam Bukhari in the holy war education with the focus on four education components, those are goal, program, method and evaluation then how the implementation in the contemporary world of education. According to the Title of the research, so the kind of research used is the library research. The library research is a research which is carried out both with literature and non-literature. Among the samples of literature are books, notes, or the report of research from previous researches. As for the samples of non-literature, such as audio record and visual record. This research reveals the finding of the Imam Bukhari�s holy war education that� consists of goals those are related to the urgency of aqeedah, morals (akhlaq), the wide meaning of the holy war, and the urgency of healthe body. The Material of Aqeedah related faith, obedient, sincere, receive (tawakal), love, scare,and hope to Allah. The Materials of morals (akhlaq), such as patience, honesty, enthusiastic in doing war, courage, genorosity, keeping promise, compassionate, modesty (tawadhu�), wisdom, and avoiding evil character. The spiritual Material such as cumpolsory prayer (shalat), sunnah prayer, fasting, pray,reciting Al-Qur�an, saying takbeer, tahlil, and tasbih. The Physical Material such as keeping body hygiene, protecting and caring of body in order not to get wound, keeping physical hygiene by treating wound, keeping stamina and body hygiene by consuming good food and doing exercises before war. The methods applied are not less than 20 methods. And the evaluation by considering the quantity and the power of soldiers, security condition, preparing reserve commander, the couse of loss, joining in the holy war and administering sanctions. The ide of Imam Bukhari in the holy war education is very comprehensive, effective, and aplicative. So it is important to study his idea so that the comprehension of the holy war conception can be comprehensive and unimpaired. And it is possible, that the thing discovered in the research would be implemented in the world of education and can be used as one of referrence in learning.
Keyword: jihad education, library research, Shahih Bukhari
Perubahan nilai dan filosofi busana kebaya di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Santoso Ratna Endah , Widyastuti Theresia , Sakuntalawati LV Ratna Devi , Josef Adji Isworo , Affanti Tiwi Bina
Published: December 2019

Indonesia yang mayoritas mendiami wilayah Jawa Tengan dikenal dengan kekuatan budayanya. Hal ini tampak dari bagaimana mereka menjunjung tinggi tradisi warisan nenek moyangnya. Selain itu orang Jawa Tengah mudah di kenal melalui busana khas kebayanya. Kebaya beserta kelengkapannya dari ujung kepala hingga ujung kaki, konon awalnya hanya digunakan oleh kalangan kerajaan saja mempunyai nilai dan filosofi yang sangat menarik. selama berpuluh tahun kebaya sebagai bagian dari sejarah, mengalami berbagai perubahan sejalan dengan jaman yang terus berjalan. Hal yang terpenting bahwa kebaya saat ini bukan lagi menjadi pakaian sehari-hari seperti dahulu kala. Riset paper ini menggunakan bentuk penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perubahan nilai dan filosofi semacam apa yang terjadi pada busana kebaya khususnya yang digunakan di wilayah Jawa Tengah; (2) apakah kebaya masa kini masih bisa disebut pakaian tradisional terutama dengan berbagai perubahan yang disebabkan dengan kondisi masa ini.
MURAL KAMPUNG BANTARAN KALI BORO: PEMBERDAYAAN KAMPUNG MELALUI KEGIATAN KESENIAN
Authors: Handayani Endang Sri , Fuad Figur Rahman
Published: December 2019

Kampung as the important factor the culture of a city plays important role in teh city develpoment. The community movements in managing their environment has become an interesting thing to discuss. This reserach is a qualitative study on the comunity creativity residing in Kali Boro riverside. It exproses the activities that the community caries in managing their environment through art. The data are collected trough interview and literatures. The results of this research shows that art can attract the community in Kali Boro riverside to actively participate in the environment improvement and trigger their creativity. Keywords: Kampung, creativity, art.
STATE ACTION AS AN INDIVIDUAL SECURITY THREAT IN CASE OF CYBERCRIME SECURITIZATION
Authors: Farid Miftah , Adhisty Ajeng Ayu
Published: December 2019

In the current security concept, there are some changes to the current security object. This is due to the increasingly broad understanding of security objects.  This study examines the emergence of cyber issues as a new threat to state security. Cyber actions in the virtual world are developing along with the rapid technology development. Moreover, the state policy on cyber issues is considered as a new threat to individual security. The development of that state security issue is being debated among the theoreticians of international security studies. The concept of securitization explains the phenomenon of cyber issues and receives the attention of many states. Securitization carried out by the United States on Cybercrime issues becomes the initial trigger in viewing cyber actions as a new threat to state security. The object of this paper is more focused on State policy in dealing with cyber threats. Afterward, state policy in facing the cyber threat is seen from the perspective of human security from UNDP. Therefore, there is a debate about the desired security object. State actions to reach state security are then considered as individual privacy security. So, international security now does not only focus on state objects but also on individual, environment, economy, and identity. Thus, every action taken in securing an object does not pose a threat to other security objects.

Keywords: Cybercrime, State Security, Human Security, Securitization
Influência do treinamento aeróbio sobre a composição corporal de mulheres obesas ou com sobrepeso
Authors: Bezerra Juciléia Barbosa , Sene-Fiorese Marcela , Duarte Ana Claudia Garcia de Oliveira , O'Grady Ana Beatriz , Da Silva Levy Mendes
Published: December 2019

O exercí­cio fí­sico aeróbio é um importante aliado para a melhoria da composição corporal de mulheres obesas ou com sobrepeso. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do exercí­cio fí­sico aeróbio sobre a composição corporal de mulheres obesas ou com sobrepeso. Para isso 15 mulheres com idade média de 30,6 ± 5,5 anos foram divididas em Grupo Obeso (GO, n = 7) e Grupo Sobrepeso (GS, n = 8). Todas as participantes realizaram exercí­cio fí­sico aeróbio com duração de 60 minutos, três vezes por semana e duração total de quatro meses. A intensidade do exercí­cio foi moderada. Os principais resultados foram a redução da massa corporal e Índice de Massa Corporal em ambos os grupos (p < 0,05) e redução das circunferências da cintura no grupo sobrepeso (p < 0,05) e do abdômen no grupo obeso (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o exercí­cio fí­sico aeróbio foi efetivo em reduzir medidas antropométricas de mulheres obesas ou com sobrepeso.