bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study On Shopping Malls Performance Criterias Analysis Using AHP Method
Authors: NEBATİ Emine Elif , EKMEKÇİ İsmail
Published: March 2019

In recent years, with the increase in the number of
shopping centers and consumer expectations, comprehensive research on the
performance evaluation of shopping centers has started to be needed. In the
performance evaluation process, it is very important to determine the correct
measurement criteria. In this study, the performance measurement criteria were
determined by reviewing the literature and interviewing experts and managers in
the shopping center sector. In the next step, the Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP), a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, was used to determine
the significance levels of these criteria and a new performance index model was
hereby developed. The proposed method consists of a total of 140 criteria
including six main criteria (green building, investors, visitors, tenants,
shopping mall turnover, and social life) and 134 sub-criteria. As far as we
know, this study is the first to propose a model for measuring the performance
of shopping malls.
Green ICT for Sustainable Development
Authors: Zantout Hind , Seyff Norbert
Published: March 2019

Almost all businesses, organizations and governments today have Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at their core. ICT enables day-to-day operations as well as assessing what has passed and planning ahead. However, ICT professionals aside perhaps, there is often little understanding of the technology and little appreciation of the link to sustainability and the impact ICT is having on the environment. The coverage of this chapter is intended for an audience with no detailed knowledge of the various ICT specialisms, providing a broad, but high-level presentation of ICT, and discusses the various links to sustainability that are firmly established. The discussion starts with the rapid developments since computers first were invented and then moves to energy demands that are being placed as a result of technology proliferations. We then introduce the term Green ICT, report on metrics enabling the measurement of energy consumption and discuss efforts underway to curtail energy consumption, with a focus on data centres. A view from a number of European countries is then presented, looking at how governments are addressing the issues and the barriers that are still in place for a country-wide sustainability drive in ICT. The construction project management sector is one that relies heavily on ICT services, and a brief discussion at the end presents additional issues for the project manager to consider.
Analysis of Financial Inclusion Toward Poverty and Income Inequality
Authors: Zia Ikrima Zaleda , Prasetyo P. Eko
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship and the influence of financial inclusion toward poverty alleviation and income inequality in Indonesia. The analysis methods in this study were Index Inclusion and regression-correlation of panel data. The variable of financial inclusion was obtained from Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) value measured by dimensions; banking penetration, banking services availability, and the use of banking services. The data was time series from 2014-2016 and cross section from 33 provinces in Indonesia obtained from Bank Indonesia, Financial Service Authority, and Central Bureau Statistics. The results showed; (1) most provinces in Indonesia had moderate financial inclusion level, (2) financial inclusion had a negative and significant relationship and influence toward poverty. (3) financial inclusion had a positive and not significant relationship with income inequality, but it had a negative and significant influence toward income inequality. It means that financial inclusion can reduce poverty, but it has not been able to reduce the economic gap of society well.
KAJIAN BEBAN PENCEMARAN LIMBAH CAIR DENGAN PARAMETER BOD DAN DO DARI AREA PERMUKIMAN DI SUNGAI CITEPUS
Authors: Pradiko Hary , Yustiani Yonik Meilawati , Santika Santika
Published: March 2019

Sungai Citepus merupakan sungai yang mengalir melalui daerah Barat kota Bandung dengan berbagai kegiatan masyarakatnya, antara lain permukiman padat/ kegiatan penduduk sehari-hari seperti MCK, home industri atau industri kecil, sehingga sungai Citepus juga merupakan tempat yang potensi untuk pembuangan air limbah dari kegiatan tersebut.  Dalam penelitian ini  menggunakan  metode analisis kualitas air sungai,  berdasarkan kualitas indikator pencemaran di Sungai Citepus yang telah dilakukan pada musim hujan. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan secara sesaat/grab, pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 5 titik pengamatan dimulai di daerah hulu (jl.Dr.Setiabudhi) sampai hilir (Jl.Caringin).Tingkat pencemaran air sungai ditentukan berdasarkan parameter kualitas air BOD dan DO. Persamaan yang digunakan adalah Teori Streeter – Phelps. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bagian hulu sungai kadar BOD-nya antara 6,8 – 7,2 mg/l dan kadar DO 8,4 mg/l. dan dibagian hilir sungai kadar BOD-nya antara 7,0 – 7,5 mg/l dan kadar DO 0,5 – 0,9 mg/l. Berdasarkan hasil diatas maka kondisi sungai dibadian hulu kadar BOD di daerah ini telah melebihi ambang batas (tercemar), tetapi nilai DO sesuai dengan ambang batas, begitu juga dengan bagian hilir sungai nilai BOD telah melewati ambang batas (tercemar) dan kadar DO dibawah ambang batas, menurut SK Gubernur Jawa Barat N0.39 Tahun 2001 yaitu nilai BOD sebesar 6 mg/l dan DO sebesar >3 mg/l.
Cervantes en Lope: la aventura de la escritura de las Novelas a Marcia Leonarda a La Dorotea
Authors: Brito Díaz Carlos
Published: March 2019

El siguiente trabajo plantea un recorrido por diversas obras de Lope de Vega desde La Filomena hasta La Dorotea desde un eje que da cuenta de la presencia de Lope dentro de sus obras ya no desde la crítica biografista. Así a lo largo de estas páginas se justificarán los modos de autoconstrucción del poeta como un escritor que indaga con profundidad estética y epistemológica en una retórica del libro y de la letra escrita, que especula acerca del texto como patrimonio de propiedad intelectual, como representación del mundo y como símbolo de la praxis propia y ajena así como construye su materia poética y narrativa desde el nivel metaliterario. Se analizará en estas obras posteriores a 1620 los mecanismos a partir de los que Lope poetiza al propio Lope que escribe, al mismo Lope que se lee y se comenta a sí mismo como el agente en el principio del acto creador, en el puro acto de la escritura del mundo que escribe y que lo escribe.
La ciencia de La Dorotea: apuntes de poética a la luz del “Prólogo al Teatro”
Authors: Festini Patricia
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo ofrece una lectura de algunas escenas de La Dorotea a la luz del “Prólogo al Teatro”. A partir de la consideración de la poesía como ciencia, se intenta establecer una serie de relaciones con el eje historia/poesía que permite, por un lado, deslindar ciertas cuestiones de poética en torno a la “acción en prosa” de La Dorotea, y por otro, comprobar las múltiples coincidencias que estas cuestiones presentan con las propuestas en las Novelas a Marcia Leonarda, lo que permite acercar algunos episodios de La Dorotea al género novela corta.
Entrenamiento mental breve en adolescentes con trastorno alimentario no especificado que presentan hábitos exigentes de actividad física
Authors: De la Cerda Pablo , Mayorga-Vega Daniel , Viciana Jesús
Published: March 2019

El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue examinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento mental breve sobre el estado afectivo, las actitudes hacia la alimentación y los niveles de actividad física en adolescentes diagnosticadas con Trastorno Alimentario No Especificado que practicaban una rutina exigente de actividad física. Una muestra de ocho mujeres adolescentes chilenas de 15-17 años de edad realizó un programa de entrenamiento mental breve durante ocho semanas una sesión por semana: 1) Conocimiento y establecimiento de objetivos; 2) Focalización y toma de conciencia mental y corporal; 3) Autocontrol psicobiológico; 4) Reposicionamiento del locus de control; 5) Autogestión y control de los pensamientos; 6-7) Re-focalización y reencuadre motivacional, y 8) Generalización y enfoque responsable de la voluntad. El Inventario de Depresión de Beck, el Cuestionario de Actitudes ante la Alimentación EAT–26 y una entrevista breve sobre los niveles de práctica y motivos de actividad física, se aplicaron antes y después del programa. Los resultados reflejan una influencia favorable del programa en la mejora del estado afectivo, de las actitudes hacia la alimentación y hacia la actividad física en las adolescentes intervenidas. Un programa de entrenamiento mental breve sería recomendable como complemento terapéutico en adolescentes con tales características.
Load Balancing in Cloud Environment: A Review
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Kaur Parminder Pal
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing is the means of accessing a shared pool of configurable computing resources (including hardware, software, networks, servers, storage applications and services) that can be rapidly provided, used and released with minimal effort on the part of users or service providers. But it has some of the main concerns like load management and fault tolerance. In this paper we are discussing load balancing approach in cloud computing. Load balancing is helped to distribute the workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overloaded. It helps in proper utilization of resources .It also improves the performance of the system This paper focuses on the load balancing algorithm which distributes the incoming jobs among VMs optimally in cloud data centers. In this paper, we have reviewed several existing load balancing mechanisms and we have tried to address the problems associated with them.
Annual Reviewer Acknowledgement
Authors: Zhao Kewen
Published: March 2019

The Editorial team of the would like to thank the reviewers for their work in referring manuscripts during 2018.
A Teaching-learning about optimization problems: a close up through the use of GeoGebra software
Authors: Morales Armando , Marmolejo Vega Efren , Locia Espinoza Edgardo , López González Alejo , Damián Mojica Angie
Published: March 2019

A teaching-learning proposal is described for the treatment of optimization problems in the pre-university student. The theoretical-methodological elements fall into the heuristic principles and resources and the use of GeoGebra software, on this basis is conceived the identification, selection and formalization of the way of solution, control and assessment as fundamental stages. This work contributes to a proposal to approach the treatment of the study of the variation of the functions, prior to the classic presentation of the mathematical content using the derivative.
Influence of engineered nanoparticles on growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments of Triticum durum L. under salt stress
Authors: Alzandi Abdulrahman Ali
Published: March 2019

Salinity stress is a major limitation to global crop production. Wheat is one of the world’s crops has salt sensitive characteristics than other crops. Meanwhile, rapid advancement of nanotechnology is introducing more and more engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in agricultural soil . While some negative effects of ENPs on plant health at very high concentrations have been reported, more beneficial effects at low levels are increasingly noticed. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticles to interact with ecosystem and of great interest in agricultural sciences. The current study evaluates the effect of Calcium phosphate nanoparticles on germination percentage and early growth rate of wheat (Triticum durum L.) germinated under sodium chloride stress. As compared to the control, the results clearly showed that germination percentage not affected after NPs treatments whereas growth, fresh mass and dry mass of seedlings were highly increased at low levels of CPNPs . As salt concentration increased, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids contents decreased. The results revealed that CPNPs interacted with salt stressed seedlings caused an increasing in photosynthetic pigments as compared to the control.
Language pattern of Yoruba-English teenage school-going bilinguals in southwest Nigeria: Impact on the English language and suggestions for language planning
Authors: Owolabi Dare
Published: March 2019

As in many parts of the world, bilingualism is a common speech phenonmenon in Southwest Nigeria as many who have had exposure to western education are exposed to both Yoruba and English at about the same time and in the same environment. While Yoruba is the Mother Tongue, the English language is both the nations official as well as the second language and, by extention, the language common to many in this part of the countrys geopolitical zone. As the official language of education, the English language now faces serious challenges as it competes, in so many domains, with Yoruba, the language of the immediate environment, thus impinging negatively on the effectiveness of the use of the English language. The study is both a survey and descriptive using a simple questionnaire for the survey. The findings show a shift from the indigenous language to English,but the preference for English does not translate to mastery of the language. Results from public examinations indicate that the contact between the two languages affects the effective use of the English, which is the nations official language in schools. The study recommends, for the purpose of language planning, a tripartite lingustic model, with multilingualism at the base, for cultural matters, interpersonal communication in local trade and phatic communion; regional/geopolitical zone bilingualism in the middle of the pyramid, with the whole model peaking and coalescing at national monolingualism in a pyramidal form, with English retaining its prsent position at the peak of the pyramid.
The Impact of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies on Iranian EFL Bilingual versus Monolingual Learners Reading Comprehension ability
Authors: Samadi Fatemeh , Maghsoudi Mojtaba , AzizMohammadi Fatemeh
Published: March 2019

This study attempts to measure the effect of the implementation of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies on reading ability of second year high school students who were bilinguals and monolinguals. In order to address these issues, a quantitative study was conducted on 193 EFL bilingual and monolingual students who were randomly selected from some high schools of Markazi province (Arak and Farahan ) . To meet the mentioned aims, subjects were given English proficiency test, reading comprehension test, cognitive and metacognitive strategies questionnaire By utilizing t-test and ANOVA revealed that there would be statistically significant differences between the above-mentioned subjects as follows:

1-There wasn't meaningful difference between female bilingual and female monolingual learners in using cognitive and metacognitive strategies .

2- There was meaningful difference between male bilingual and male monolingual learners in using cognitive and metacognitive strategies .

3- Gender didn't have significant effect on using cognitive and metacognitive strategies in EFL learners reading comprehension ability.
A Study of Writing Proficiency in the Use of Discourse Markers in Iranian EFL Learners' Writing
Authors: Kookhaei Ozra , Amerian Majid
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of discourse markers by Iranian EFL learners based on their writing proficiency. The study was conducted at Department of English Language and Literature in university of Arak. 29 participants, 6 males and 23 females, as an intact group, were required to write an essay on an argumentative topic without limit of words and without any instruction. Their writings were analyzed quantitatively using Fraser's (2004) taxonomy of Discourse Markers. The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the use of discourse markers and writing proficiency. It was also founded that participants employed a variety of discourse markers with some types used more frequently than others. Coordinate conjunction were the most frequently used, followed by elaborative markers and contrastive markers. Possible implications of the study for language pedagogy have been also discussed.
The study of pro as an empty category in Azeri Turkish language
Authors: Nezhad Mohammad Reza Pahlavan , Habibi Mozhghan
Published: March 2019

This paper examines the pro-drop parameter in Azeri Turkish. First, some basic concepts and theories in terms of Chomsky's generative grammar school and principles and parameters theory are introduced. Then some theoretical background on the subject of Persian and Turkish languages are briefly presented. Next part is about explanation and description of pro features and some evidence and samples of Italian and Persian and Azeri Turkish languages and the last section deals with the results of this study. After giving and comparing evidence of these three languages we conclude that is that Azeri Turkish is a pro-drop language which allows subject to drop and establishes pro as a null subject (an empty category) in the position of subject and object can also be removed in some instances and proarb is established in the position of object.
Thematic Progression Patterns In The IELTS Task 2 Writing
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyed Foad , Ebrahimi Seyed Jamal
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the thematic progression patterns in the Task 2, essays, of the writing section of the IELTS test. To this end, thirty Task 2 essays with a score of 8 and 8.5 were selected. Then, the data were analyzed based on the thematic progression model proposed by Eggins (2004). The findings suggested that the selections of the thematic progression patterns were directly imposed by the nature of the genre of essay writing. This means that the writers were required to select the thematic progression patterns in a way which help meeting the general goals and purposes of this genre. The finding could be used in the IELTS preparation writing classes to help the writers, especially EFL novice writers, to achieve satisfactory scores in the Task 2, essays, of the writing section of the IELTS test.
An Application of Systemic Functional Grammar on Rilke's poem "Walk".
Authors: Lashari Mubarak Ali , Bughio Faraz Ali
Published: March 2019

The intention, this study was launched with, was to explore the applicability of the Systemic Functional Grammar, the linguistic development promoted by famous linguist M.A. K. Halliday. The theory establishes the view of functionality of linguistic phenomena in the pieces of literature. The study in hand is aimed to find the functional elements in Rainer Maria Rilke's poem "Walk". The poem was analyzed into three major functional methods of the theory including Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual analysis. In the first category, the transitivity patterns and the clauses having active and passive voices were analysed. In the second, the interpersonal elements; having the persons involving in the process and showing relationship with each other were seen. And finally, the textual meaning and the sense emerging from all the above findings were discussed. It further sought the theme of the poem and the basic functional idea of the poetic expression. And in the final stage the emanating message of the poem was discussed in the conclusion.
THE EFFECTS OF TWO COMPUTERIZED PROGRAMS IN REDUCING JORDANIAN TERTIARY STUDENTS SPELLING ERRORS
Authors: Al-zuoud Khalid
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the effects of using two computerized programs on reducing the spelling errors Jordanian tertiary students. Ginger and Microsoft Word 2007 were used as two modes of presentation. These programs represented the textaudio and text modes, respectively, according to the modality principle. The spelling error levels (i.e., high, medium, and low) of the students were compared. This study was conducted based on Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning, dual route theory of efficient spelling, and spelling in the context approach. The modality principle was similarly used as an effective tool for improving the spelling performance and reducing the spelling errors of students. The study sample comprised 80 male and female second-year students who were purposefully selected from Hashemite University in Jordan. Both study groups took pre- and post-tests as well as participated in structured interviews to answer the main questions of the study. The spelling errors of these Jordanian students were classified into four types according to Cooks classification. the interference between the Arabic and English languages was clarified. The phonological differences between these languages may cause many spelling mistakes that may also affect how students pronounce words. The modality principle must be integrated into the instructional, curriculum, computer-based, and web-based designs to help students develop their spelling performance. EFL professors are encouraged to use programs with contextual spelling features for teaching their students how to spell. Future studies must investigate the effects of these contextual features on other language skills, such as pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. These studies must also measure the effects of using computerized programs on how students pronounce words.
STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS AND THE ROLE OF ESP TEACHERS ABOUT EFFECTIVENESS OF ESP COURSES IN LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION DURING PRE-AND IN-SERVICE TEACHING PRACTICE
Authors: Artishedar Nesa , Najafi Fatemeh , Najafi Fatemeh , Najafi Fatemeh , Bijani Houman , Bijani Houman , Bijani Houman
Published: March 2019

It is believed that the time that  the undergraduate students register in Teacher Education Program they  have an extensive amount of  experience, but English for specific purpose (ESP) teachersor pre-service ESP teachers are regarded as valuable resources for recognizing attitudes or perceptions of effectiveness of ESP teachers whose classless are taught by them. Pre-service teachers surely have several specific perceptions about their future career and the effectiveness of ESP teachers whose classes are being taught by them during practice teaching. If ESP teachers are asked the question why do you want to be anESP teacher? They may have different responses such as: I want to be an ESP teacher because I have a very good image of my teachers during my school period or I want to be a  ESP teacher because I would like to follow the methods and procedures of effective teaching that my university  teachers did during teaching specific courses. However, some might have an opposite perception. Anyway, this study tries to compare the perceptions of ESP teachers before (pre-service) and after (in-service) teaching period.
Reading in Arabic Orthography: The influence of Short Vowels on Reading Accuracy and Comprehension of Poor and Normal Arabic Readers
Authors: Rabia Salim Abu , Salfeety Abedalhakeem
Published: March 2019

Research conducted on strategies aimed at improving reading skills and comprehension among Arabic readers (Abu Rabia, 1997, 1998) reported on the contribution, of the addition of short vowels to Arabic texts, to both the acquisition of proper reading skills during early childhood, and to better reading comprehension among all ages. The findings were considered controversial. Such a determination can have important implications for both local and national educational policies seeking the improvement of reading skills and comprehension among Arabic readers of all ages. In this study, 60 native Arabic speakers,  12 years old were sampled from school in northern Israel. They were  divided into two equal groups of 30 normal and 30 poor readers, based on their average grade point average in the Arabic Language subject. The results indicated that the vocalization of Arabic texts significantly improved both reading accuracy and comprehension among all participants, whether normal or weaker readers. Further, despite the very noticeable difference between reading abilities among the two groups (regular and weak readers) at the outset, on the average we found that the addition of short vowels helped both groups acquire basic reading skills. The findings indicated that the use of vocalized texts helps readers achieve higher reading comprehension levels among all types of readers.
Let's Read Together": A Balanced Computer Assisted Intervention Program and Its Effect on Comprehension amongst at Linguistic Risk Arab First Graders
Authors: Makhoul Baha , Olshtain Elite , Ibrahim Raphiq
Published: March 2019

The current study investigated the effectiveness of an early balanced computer-assisted intervention program in promoting comprehension skills among Arabic-speaking first graders from disadvantaged socio-economic background, when taking into account the interplay between risk factors impacting Arabic reading acquisition: Arabic language complexity, poor literacy skills and the cognitive and emotional challenges when commencing formal schooling. Forty at literacy-risk Arab first graders were randomly assigned to either the intervention or a comparison group, each including 20 children. A qualified tutor was assigned to each participants in the intervention group. To assess the childrens progress in the intervention group, measurements were carried across three different periods during the implementation of the program. In addition, comprehension assessments were administrated to both groups prior and after the program commencement and completion, respectively. The intervention group showed greater progress in comprehension skills and vocabulary when compared to the comparison group in all the measurements. The obtained results stress the necessity for early balanced intervention in order to close the gaps in comprehension skills among at-risk children.
On the syntax of anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese and Chinese
Authors: Li Wenchao
Published: March 2019

This paper is dedicated to a comparison of transitive/intransitive verb alternation in Japanese and Chinese. Discussions are focused upon three grammatical elements: monosyllabic verbs, compound verbs and constructions. The findings reveal that the two languages share similarities in two aspects: (i). transitive and intransitive verbs share the same word form; (ii) transitive and intransitive verbs can derive from the same adjective stems. Significant distinctions are also seen between the two: anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese are mainly facilitated in morphological level, e.g. anticausativisation is realised through the morpheme and decausativisation is conveyed by . The morpheme can be used with both intransitive and transitive verbs. Regarding Chinese, lexical and syntax have a curial role to play in transitive/intransitive verb alternation. Decausativisation appears the most favourable strategy of the alternation. Two ways of decausativisation is observed: schema of [action + resultative state]; verb compounds (V-V). Three types of V-Vs are possible for this strategy, i.e. Predicate-Complement V-V, Modifier-Head V-V and Coordinative V-V. Among them, predicate-complement V-V has the largest token of decausativisation. Moreover, constraints on Chinese anticausativisation and decausativisation are seen. When a resultative complment predicate an internal argument, the higher the agentivity that implies manner of action, the greater the unlikelihood of anticausativisation. In decausativisation, the internal argument that accepts the change of state is limited to the â€˜possessive relationship.
The Effect of Modes of Development on Intermediate Learners Written Language Production
Authors: Sattaran Marjan , Salimi Asghar
Published: March 2019

It is believed that task-based instruction language teaching prepared a convenient condition and chance for L2 acquisition. This is the reason why tasked-based instruction teaching has been highlighted by many L2 languages in instructors and even syllabus designer. However there would be some differences in L2 learners written performance in different kinds of genre with regard to the effect of tasked based instruction. This paper intended to find and examine the effect of genretic features of four types of genre as descriptive, narrative, argumentative and expository in order to measure fluency, accuracy and complexity. To reach the aim of the study, 120 essay samples of 30 intermediate students were analyzed. The most important goal of this study is to analyze task complexity for selecting, sequencing and even grading material in syllabus designing for task and syllabus designer.
An investigation of partial meaning and non-equivalence in English translations of Ekegusii kinship terms
Authors: Oyioka Deborah Nyanchama , Ojwang Benson Oduor , Ongarora Dr. David Ogoti
Published: March 2019

The main challenge that translators face is that of non-equivalence as the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) almost always have cultural and linguistic differences (organize words differently). Accordingly, one needs to be aware of the linguistic differences between the two cultures. A group uses a set of terms to name the people they are related to by blood, marriage or adoption which should be recognized by members of the speech community. This study explores kinship terms in Ekegusii, a language that has been coded as E42 in Guthrie's (1971) classification of Bantu languages and belongs to the interlacustrine zones, namely D and E. Both Ekegusii and English languages have their unique kinship term systems which pose translation problems with regard to equivalence. Unlike English nouns that denote family relations in a pretty straightforward way, Ekegusii™s way of addressing family members and relatives differs and to some degree it may be difficult to those who are not familiar with the Ekegusii culture. Consequently, this paper investigates the problem of non-equivalence at word level in translation between Ekegusii and English. The paper presents background knowledge and different approaches related to non-equivalence. Subsequently, conceptual kinship terminologies are contrasted to prove that there is a significant linguistic gap between Ekegusii and English. The paper then proposes a classification of non-equivalence at word level based on Mona Bakers point of view. Finally, the paper suggests effective strategies to deal with non-equivalence at word level in translation of Ekegusii kinship terms.
Stylistics; Pragmatics; Ideology; Modality; Point of View; Coppe, Abiezer;
Authors: Borgogni Daniele
Published: March 2019

The article proposes a pragmatic-stylistic analysis of modality and ideology in Abiezer Coppes Coppes Return to the Wayes of Truth(1651), a dramatic recantation written in prison by one of the most (in-)famous radical thinkers of England during the Interregnum. As the analysis will try to show, the peculiar features of this text and its complex communicative strategies call for a wider variety of methodological tools, complementing the application of code-driven models for the analysis of modality with more use-driven pragmatic and stylistic frameworks. In Coppes text, textual and contextual elements are as fundamental as code and grammatical aspects to convey evaluation, and they trigger a very sly conflict between overt and covert meanings, producing interstitial, ironical, even subversive reading possibilities, thus demonstrating how modality is inextricably tied to a variety of linguistic devices to produce a multifaceted message.
Does Acculturation happen in EFL Context?
Authors: Yari Fariba , Hashemi Akram
Published: March 2019

In order to understand the second language culture, understanding the nature of acculturation is necessary. Teaching culture should be integrated into the foreign language textbooks and classroom practices. It is necessary for language teachers to integrate cultural materials and values into their teaching and to make them familiar with the culture of the language they are teaching.The aim of this investigation is to magnify the evidence of English Acculturation in Foreign Language Learning Settings (EAFLLS).And to emphasize the significant role of English text books do and have to play in English as a Foreign Language situations.
A Neural Network Perspective on the Syntactic-Semantic Association between Mass and Count Nouns
Authors: Kulkarni Ritwik , Rothstein Susan , Treves Alessandro
Published: March 2019

Analysing aspects of how our brain processes language may provide, even before the language faculty is really understood, useful insights into higher order cognitive functions. We take a small exploratory step in this direction with an attempt to test the ability of a standard, biologically plausible self-organising neural network to learn the association between syntax and semantics around the mass-count distinction. The mass-count distinction relates to the countability or un-countability of nouns, both in terms of their syntactic usage and of their semantic perception. A previous statistical study has shown that the mass-count distinction is not bimodal and exhibits complex fuzzy relations between syntax and semantics. A neural network that expresses competition amongst output neurons with lateral inhibition is shown to identify the basic classes of mass and count in the syntactic markers and to produce a graded distribution of the nouns along the mass-count spectrum. The network however fails to successfully map the semantic classes of the nouns to their syntactic usage, thus corroborating the hypothesis that the syntactic usage of nouns in the mass-count domain is not simply predicted by the semantics of the noun.
English Past Tense Morphology in Adult Arab EFL learners: Mental Representation Mechanism and Types of Errors
Authors: Muftah Muneera
Published: March 2019

English past tense morphology is one of the most difficult but yet one of the most important areas in the acquisition of English language by L2 Learners. The objectives of this study were to: (a) determine the acquisition sequence of English regular and irregular past tense forms in adult Arab EFL learners; (b) identify whether English past tense forms are represented by a single mechanism or a dual mechanism, and (c) investigate types of errors that L2 learners produce in their acquisition of English past tense morphology. In total, 77 adult Arab EFL learners participated in an oral production task. The use of the verbal inflectional morphemes in obligatory contexts in each learners production is examined. The results show that L2 learners acquire the past tense morphology of the regular verbs before they acquire the past tense morphology of the irregular verbs and that there is frequency effect for the irregular verbs, but not for the regular verbs. This indicates that the dual system theory accounts for the mental representations of English past tense forms for the L2 learners in this study. The most frequent error types produced by the Learners are omission, overregularization and overgeneration of be forms.
High literacy level, very low reading culture: an examination of the underlying causes of the Zimbabwean paradox
Authors: Makaudze Godwin , Kangira Jairos
Published: March 2019

Zimbabwe currently boasts of one of the highest literacy levels in Africa. Paradoxically, such an encouraging state of affairs is not paralleled with a high reading culture. Instead, the high levels of literacy are undone by a very low reading culture. This paper is an exploration of the possible underlying causes of such a state of affairs as well as the possible intervention strategies. It used the qualitative paradigm, with interviews and semistructured questionnaires being employed to extract information from selected teachers, learners, parents, readers, publishers and bookshop managers. For teachers, learners, readers and parents, random sampling was used whilst purposive sampling was used for publishers and bookshop managers. Data was discussed in accordance with the themes that emerged. The paper observed that the reasons of the paradox included: emphasis on passing the examination, high costs of living and of producing and accessing reading literature, paucity of serious works of art that illuminate life. Possible intervention strategies included: re-orienting the education system, partnerships meant to avail and subsidise accessibility of literature, re-orienting the Zimbabwean language policy and improving marketing strategies for literature.
Word Order of Noun and Verb Phrases in Contemporary Persian and English Poems
Authors: Rostampour Saloome
Published: March 2019

Literature is a system of semantic markers which convey emotions as well. Sentences in literary texts, particularly poetic ones, are not merely a medium to convey a message. In literary language, there is not a one to one correspondence between words and their meaning. That is in literary texts, the words and consequently sentences do not have their common dictionary meaning. Rather, in many cases, they include the writers or poets intended meaning. For writers and poets, words are not simply means of conveying a message, but a scheme to create beauty and novel innovations. The poets to make more impression on their addressees usually create uncommon sentences in the language. To express their feelings and thoughts, they invert the poems internal word order or sort out the structural system of their poetic sentences counter to standard language. By creating marked words or sentences, they actually seek to communicate their audience artistically and innovatively. Sentence is the poets main instrument that according to traditional grammars definition consists of two parts: subject and predicate. However, in modern linguistics sentence is a set of noun and verb phrases that are joined together as a harmonious whole. Each of noun or verb phrases has a unique structure so that their internal order cannot be changed; however, poets make their utterance poetic by inverting these groups to create greater influence. By using content analysis method, an attempt is made in this article to analyze the internal orders of noun and verb phrases in contemporary poems. The author gratefully acknowledge the financial and other support of this research, provided by the Islamic Azad University. eslamshahr Branch, Tehran ,Iran
Explicit Language Teaching and Competence in Using the Past Tense in English Among Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Alanazi Sami
Published: March 2019

It has been well-established in research that Saudi Arabian EFL students tend to find it difficult to understand English tenses. In particular, they struggle with conjugating verbs in the past tense. This research examines how explicit grammar teaching could help undergraduate level Saudi students overcome these difficulties. For the study, students were put into two different groups. These were the experimental group (group A) and the control group (group B). Group A students were given direct, specific teaching focused on learning the past-tense. Group B students were given more general teaching. At the end of the study, they were tested. The results of these tests demonstrate a definite short-term improvement in the ability of group A students, but later testing indicates that this improvement may have been short-lived.
Investigation of Microstructure and Creep Properties of Sn-xSb Solder Alloys up to Peritectic Composition
Authors: Yassin Amal Mohamed , Khalifa Berlent , Ismail Reda
Published: March 2019

Particle strengthening was studied in Sn-xSb (x=0.5–3.0 wt. %). Tensile deformation behavior of Sn-2.5 wt.% Sb is investigated at temperature ranging (298 - 343K) and under different constant loads ranging (5.1 - 14.0 MPa). The microstructure characteristics of the tested alloys have been obtained using x-ray diffraction. Morphological studies using optical microscope have been investigated to obtain correlation between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the alloys. The improved strength is attributed to the uniform distribution of the SnSb intermetallic compound (IMC) inside b-Sn matrix. Based on the obtained stress exponent (n) and activation energy (Q), it is proposed that the dominant deformation mechanism is dislocation climb over the whole temperature range used.
The Professional Competence Formation of High School Students based on the System Approach.
Authors: Yessekeshova Maral , Gulnur Isakova , Gulzhakhar Seilkhan , Gulnar Kaltayeva , Botagoz Bermukhambetova
Published: March 2019

This study addresses the issue of implementing a system approach during the  higher school specialists preparation, which effectively leads to their professional competence formation. The study results   of higher education teachers professional difficulties in the interaction  with the educational process participants are presented. The training technology on the system approach basis creates conditions for the learning process participants’ activities systemic organization, as well as for the system thinking skills and the system approach developing in cognitive, practical and other ongoing and forthcoming activities. An important factor in the future specialists’ professional competence formation  is an indicative basis formation for their future professional activity. The professional competence structure and components characteristic are given. Examples are also presented, that demonstrate the professional competence formation implementation with a focus on current society needs. There is a description of the students’ considerable professional competence increase after its formation methods correction.
Moderation and Modernism in India’s Nuclear Policy: Post 1974 Era
Authors: Singh Dr. Rajkumar , Kumari Hemlata
Published: March 2019

India, after its first nuclear explosion in 1974 moved to modernize and moderate nuclear policy as security environment in the region deteriorated further due to China, pursuing a strategy of containing India by using Pakistan as a surrogate, had supplied technology nuclear materials andwarhead designs for the Pakistani bomb. Clearly with Chinese help Pakistani detonated six nuclear devices as follow up of India’s repeat detonation in the second week of May 1998. This development  changed the security environment in South Asia forever and this time India convinced the international community that it would not become a destabilising nuclear force in the international system. Thus, in the post-1998 era India adopted two concepts, (i) No first use for attack or war and (ii) Credible minimum deterrence. As a step further in the direction India also signed with the US a nuclear deal under which it agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities under international safeguard and supervision. The paper analyses the evolution of India’s nuclear capability in regional and global contexts.
CT-signs of septic pulmonary embolism and it’s complications
Authors: Vinokurov A. S. , Yudin A. L. , Belenkaya O. I.
Published: March 2019

Septic lesions of various organs currently remain an important topic for doctors. Frequent occurrence is associated with the high prevalence of such diseases as hepatitis, HIV, intravenous drug abuse, diabetes mellitus, different immunosuppression conditions and increasing cases of medical manipulations and interventions (catheters, endoprostheses, pacemakers). Often the injury of the “target organs” from the primary source is a clinical debut of the disease, so early diagnosis and correct interpretation of the radiologic data help in planning of the treatment and reduce the number of lethal complications and chronic course of disease. This article is dedicated to the main CT-signs of septic pulmonary embolism, as well as its possible complications.
Metastasis of adrenal cortical cancer into the lungs (rare observation)
Authors: Nudnov N. V. , Chernichenko N. V. , Murzin Ya. Yu. , Bliznyukov O. P. , Lagkueva I. D. , Sidorova E. V. , Fedorova O. V.
Published: March 2019

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) – a neoplasm of the adrenal cortex, which is rare, in 0.02–0.06% of cases. It is characterized by various clinical manifestations in the form of hypercorticism of varying severity and unfavorable prognosis. Typically, a tumor in the form of a node, often with signs of infiltration growth. Some tumors are formed by light and dark cells, there is often significant cellular polymorphism. Malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex have a pronounced tendency to hematogenous metastasis, usually in the lungs, bones and other organs. The article presents a rare clinical case of metastatic lung injury, identified 22 years after the removal of the adrenal malignant tumor (AKP).
Epidemiology of coronary abnormalities of discharge and branching and their clinical significance
Authors: Abbasov E. F. , Manafov S. S. , Abdullayev F. Z. , Abbasov F. E. , Akhundova A. G.
Published: March 2019

Purpose.Until the mid-20th century they could be discovered only during autopsy, it means after death. With the introduction of coronary angiography it become possible to find them in a living person. Later on, new modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced futher our abilities. It is very important to discover coronary anomalies in a living person, because some of them could lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). In fact, coronary artery anomalies are the second main cause of the SCD in young athletes. Another importance is driven by the fact, that some of them could lead to lifethreatening complications during cardiac surgery when unknown before the operation.

Methods.We prospectively reviewed all coronary angiography films from 2011 to 2016 in our center. Coronary anomalies were reviewed and classified by two independent experienced operators. Patients with congenital heart disease and coronary fistulas were excluded.

Results.Out of 5055 patients 148 (2.9%) had coronary artery anomalies of origin and distribution. Those were 120 men (81.1%) and 28 women (18.9%) with an age range between 29 to 88 years. The three most common anomalies were myocardial bridge (48.7%), separate origin of the conus branch (13.5%) and separate origin of the LAD and LCX (8.1%).

Conclusion.In our study we found more or less the same types and incidence rates of coronary artery anomalies as in the world literature. We had apparently higher rates of myocardial bridges, compared to average number on angiography studies, but very close to authopsy study rates.
Urgent surgery – the role of computed tomography
Authors: Arablinskiy A. V. , Rumer V. B.
Published: March 2019

Introduction.Acute abdomen is a complex condition that demands urgent diagnostics and treatment.

The proposeof the study based on data we got in the Radiology Department of S.P. Botkin Municipal Clinical Hospital is to evaluate the role of computed tomography in acute abdomen diagnostics.

Materials and methods. 637 acute abdomen patient`s data were retrospectively analyzed, provided in the term from January 2017 to January 2018. The average age was 53 years old, from 18 to 98 y.o. Male to female ratio was 1:1,51, male – 383, female – 254. Inclusion criteria was acute abdomen clinical presentation.

Results.The most frequently seen conditions were ileus – 226 cases (35.5%), acute pancreatitis/pancreonecrosis – 185 cases (29%), ureteral occlusion with stones – 83 cases (13%), blunt abdominal trauma – 57 cases (9%), renal abscesses and inflammation diseases – 56 cases (9%). Liver abscesses – 13 cases (2%), mesenteric ischemia – 10 cases (1.5%), acute appendicitis – 4 (0,5%), aortic dissection – 2 cases (0,3%), hollow viscus perforation – 1 case (0.2%).

Conclusion.CT with high accuracy and in a short time identify the reason of acute abdomen in all shown cases that highly improve the quality of medical management.