bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the accretion scenario of λ Boo stars
Authors: Alacoria J. , Saffe C. , Jaque Arancibia M. , Angeloni R. , Miquelarena P. , Flores M. , Veramendi M. E. , Collado A.
Published: February 2022

Context. The existence of a group of λ Boo stars has been known for years, however, the origin of its chemical peculiarity is still a matter of debate.

Aims. Our aim is to test the accretion scenario of λ Boo stars. This model predicts that in a binary system with two early-type stars passing through a diffuse cloud, both stars ought to display the same superficial peculiarity.

Methods. Via spectral synthesis, we carried out a detailed abundance determination of three multiple systems hosting a candidate λ Boo star: the remarkable triple system HD 15164/65/65C and the two binary systems HD 193256/281 and HD 198160/161. The stellar parameters were initially estimated using Strömgren photometry or literature values and then refined by requiring excitation and ionization balances for Fe lines. The abundances were determined iteratively for 24 different species by fitting synthetic spectra using the SYNTHE program together with local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) ATLAS12 model atmospheres. Specific opacities were calculated for each star, depending on its arbitrary composition and microturbulence velocity, υmicro, through the opacity sampling method. The abundances of the light elements C and O were corrected by non-LTE effects. The complete chemical patterns of the stars were then compared to those of λ Boo stars.

Results. The abundance analysis of the triple system HD 15164/65/65C shows a clear λ Boo object (HD 15165) and two objects with a near-solar composition (HD 15164 and 15165C). Notably, the presence of a λ Boo star (HD 15165) together with a near-solar early-type object (HD 15164) is difficult to explain under the accretion scenario. Also, the solar-like composition derived for the late-type star of the system (HD 15165C) could be used, for the first time, as a proxy for the initial composition of the λ Boo stars. This could help to constrain any model of λ Boo stars formation – not only the accretion scenario. The abundance analysis of the binary system HD 193256/281 shows no clear λ Boo components, while the analysis of HD 198160/161 shows two mild-λ Boo stars. Then, by carefully reviewing the abundance analysis of all known binary systems with candidate λ Boo stars from literature and including the systems analyzed here, we find no binary or multiple system having two clear bona fide λ Boo stars, as would expected from the accretion scenario. The closest candidates to exhibiting two λ Boo-like stars are the binary systems HD 84948, HD 171948, and HD 198160; however we find that they show mild, rather than clear, λ Boo patterns.

Conclusions. We performed, for the first time, a complete analysis of a triple system that includes a λ Boo candidate. Our results brings little support to the accretion scenario of λ Boo stars. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for additional binary and multiple systems to be analyzed via a detailed abundance analysis in order to test the accretion model of λ Boo stars.
Feasibility study for the utilization of natural gas and hydrogen blends on industrial furnaces
Authors: Luzzo Irene , Cirilli Filippo , Jochler Guido , Gambato Alessio , Longhi Jacopo , Rampinini Gabriele
Published: February 2022

In the deep steel industry decarbonization, green hydrogen plays a pivotal role as alternative energy to replace natural gas and carbon bearing materials. In this frame, technical aspects and in general criticalities relevant to the use of mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas in industrial processes were investigated: in particular its effect was analyzed on employ of existing industrial burners for treatment furnace and on oxidability and descaling susceptibility of forged material as Grade F22V and Inconel® 625. The experimental campaign on burner using blends with 30% and 50%vol. of hydrogen in natural gas highlighted that it is possible to ignite the burner for both mixtures, but that the burner is more stable with the 30%vol. of hydrogen in natural gas. The detected emissions of nitrogen oxides compared to the natural gas increase up to 15%. The results indicated that selected high speed burner should be used in industrial plant with a 30% of hydrogen in volume with no need of hardware modifications. The oxidation investigation on atmospheres deriving from the combustion of 100% of hydrogen, at 1230 °C, showed a moderate scale increase up to 14% for F22V grade and 8% for Inconel® 625. This increase of scale growth has not detrimental effect on the scale removability. For the selected reference industrial scenario, the burner was positively tested in industrial furnace with a 30% of hydrogen in volume with no need of hardware modifications. Moderate scale growth was observed, but with no detrimental effect on the scale removability. Moreover, the H2 addition allows to get CO2 reductions, without any noticeable drawback on other process parameters or product quality for this industrial scenario.
Qui veut gagner des points SIGAPS ?
Authors: Benoit Louise
Published: February 2022

Afin de promouvoir la recherche en santé, le ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé a fait appel à un logiciel permettant de noter les médecins en fonction en leur production scientifique : les points SIGAPS (Système d’interrogation, de gestion et d’analyse des publications scientifiques). Ces points (entre 1 et 32 points) sont attribués aux auteurs de publications après la parution de leur article, selon la qualité de la revue dans laquelle ils publient (fondée sur son facteur d’impact) et selon leur rang dans la liste des auteurs. Ces points seront ensuite transformés en une somme d’argent qui sera perçue pendant 4 ans par l’établissement de santé auquel ils sont rattachés (1 point correspondant à 648 euros environ). Mais cette « rémunération à l’acte de recherche » ne pousse-t-elle pas les médecins à publier plus rapidement et surtout à tout prix, quelle que soit la qualité de leur recherche ?
Familiendynamik und Familientherapie bei Anorexie und Bulimie
Authors: Reich Günter
Published: February 2022

Essen und Essstörungen sind soziale Ereignisse, die mit gesellschaftlichen und familiären interaktionellen Prozessen verwoben sind. Familiäre Dynamik und Therapie spielen in der Behandlung von Essstörungen seit deren zunehmendem Auftreten eine wesentliche Rolle. Familientherapie hat sich als effektives Verfahren zur Behandlung von Anorexie und Bulimie erwiesen, wenn sie störungsorientiert durchgeführt wird. Dies wird an einem Fallbeispiel skizziert.
Essstörungen
Authors: Gehn Jana
Published: February 2022

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Gesunde Kinderernährung – Impulse für Psychotherapeuten
Authors: Kalhoff Hermann , Lücke Thomas , Kersting Mathilde
Published: February 2022

Die richtige Ernährung von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist eine wichtige Grundlage für deren Entwicklung und trägt zur Prävention vieler Krankheiten bei. Im Rahmen dessen spielt auch das Ess- und Gesundheitsverhalten in der Familie eine essentielle Rolle.
Adipositas und Psychotherapie – multifaktoriell, transdiagnostisch und transtheoretisch
Authors: Skoda Eva-Maria , Dinse Hannah , Teufel Martin
Published: February 2022

Adipositas und Psyche – zwei Themen, die zusammen auf den ersten Blick für die psychotherapeutische Praxis ungewohnt erscheint. Dass Menschen mit Adipositas aber nicht nur somatische Unterstützung benötigen, sondern auch von psychotherapeutisch-psychosomatischen Hilfsangeboten profitieren, wird durch einen zweiten Blick auf vorliegende Stigmatisierungserfahrungen, Komorbiditäten und die Rolle der Psyche bei der Adipositas deutlich.
Bewusst unterbewusst – Neuromuskuläres Training nach VKB-Ruptur
Authors: Köcker Sebastian
Published: February 2022

Das vordere Kreuzband reißt innerhalb von 50 Millisekunden nach Bodenkontakt. Unmöglich also, dies bewusst zu verhindern. Die Angst vor einer Reruptur ist daher bei vielen groß. Helfen können neuromuskuläre Automatismen, die sich durch ein spezielles Training adressieren lassen.
A Negative-Pressure Face-Mounted System Reduces Aerosol Spread during Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Gandham Edmond Jonathan , Goyal-Honavar Abhijit , Johnson Latif Rajesh , Gupta Ankush , Thomas Regi , Devasahayam Suresh , Prabhu Krishna , Chacko Ari George
Published: February 2022

Purpose Due to the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission during endonasal surgery, we studied methods to reduce droplet and aerosol generation during these procedures.

Methods Droplet spread was assessed using ultraviolet light and a camera that detected fluorescence in the operative field and surgeon's personal protective equipment. Density of aerosols sized <10 µm was measured using a photometric particle counter. We designed a face-mounted negative-pressure mask placed on the patients' face during endoscopic endonasal surgery. Sixteen patients were recruited between October 2020 and March 2021 and randomly assigned to the mask and no-mask groups. We compared droplet spread and aerosols generated in both groups, with copious irrigation and continuous suction during drilling forming the mainstay of surgical technique in all cases.

Results Droplet contamination due to direct spillage of fluorescein from the syringe was noted in two patients. Aerosol density rose during sphenoid drilling in both groups, with no significant difference when continuous suction and irrigation were employed (1.27 times vs. 1.07 times the baseline, p = 0.248). Aerosol density rose significantly when suction and irrigation were interrupted in the no-mask group (44.9 times vs. 1.2 times, p = 0.028), which was not seen when the mask was used.

Conclusion Aerosol generation increases during drilling in endonasal procedures and is a concern during this pandemic. The use of a rigid suction close to the drill along with copious irrigation is effective in reducing aerosol spread. The use of a negative pressure mask provides additional safety when inadvertent blockage of suction and inadequate irrigation occur.
KDOQI 2019 Vascular Access Guidelines: What Is New
Authors: Lok Charmaine E. , Rajan Dheeraj K.
Published: February 2022

The new Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Vascular Access Guidelines have a patient focus for comprehensive vascular access management. The patient's unique circumstances and individualized needs are the foundation of their dialysis access strategy, which is interlinked with the patient's End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Life-Plan. The ESKD Life-Plan is an individualized and comprehensive map for dialysis modalities and vascular access for the lifetime of the patient. New targets are introduced that align with this patient-centered approach. They are less detail prescriptive than prior vascular access guidelines, giving opportunity for vascular access management at the clinician's discretion, partly in consideration of constraints of local resources and available expertise; however, the guidelines also emphasize the importance of high-quality standards with defined targets for achieving the guideline's overarching goal for vascular access care. The guidelines made significant changes relevant to the interventionalist, including selective use of vessel mapping in planning for vascular access, choice of vascular access that allows for considering endovascular access creations, and endovascular treatment (e.g., angioplasty, stent graft insertions) based on clinical indicators found on routine clinical monitoring. To that end, preemptive angioplasty of fistulas and grafts with stenosis, not associated with clinical indicators, is not recommended. New content in these guidelines also includes the use of stent grafts and management of central venous stenosis. The new KDOQI Vascular Access Guidelines 2019 represent a rigorous review of the evidence; however, the available evidence to guide vascular access practice remains limited. There is a significant need and opportunity for new and ongoing high-quality research to inform best practice.
Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement: Percutaneous and Peritoneoscopic Techniques
Authors: El Khudari Husameddin , Abdel-Aal Ahmed Kamel , Abaza Masa , Almehmi Sloan E. , Sachdeva Bharat , Almehmi Ammar
Published: February 2022

Chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an underutilized renal replacement therapy in treating end-stage renal disease that has several advantages over hemodialysis. The success of continuous ambulatory PD is largely dependent on a functional long-term access to the peritoneal cavity. Several methods have been developed to place the PD catheter using both surgical and percutaneous techniques. The purpose of this article is to describe the percutaneous techniques using fluoroscopy guidance and peritoneoscope method. While fluoroscopic method uses fluoroscopy guidance and a guidewire to place the PD catheter, the peritoneoscopic technique utilizes a needlescope to directly visualize the peritoneal space to avoid adhesions and omentum during catheter placement. These percutaneous approaches are minimally invasive procedures that can be performed on an outpatient basis without the need for general anesthesia.
Endovascular Management of Thrombosed Dialysis Vascular Circuits
Authors: Almehmi Ammar , Sheta Mohamed , Abaza Masa , Almehmi Sloan E. , El Khudari Husam , Shaikh Aisha
Published: February 2022

A functional hemodialysis vascular access is the lifeline for patients with end-stage kidney disease and is considered a major determinant of survival and quality of life in this patient population. Hemodialysis therapy can be performed via arteriovenous fistulas, arteriovenous grafts, and central venous catheters (CVCs). Following dialysis vascular access creation, the interplay between several pathologic mechanisms can lead to vascular luminal obstruction due to neointimal hyperplasia with subsequent stenosis, stasis, and eventually access thrombosis. Restoration of the blood flow in the vascular access circuit via thrombectomy is crucial to avoid the use of CVCs and to prolong the life span of the vascular access conduits. The fundamental principles of thrombectomy center around removing the thrombus from the thrombosed access and treating the underlying culprit vascular stenosis. Several endovascular devices have been utilized to perform mechanical thrombectomy and have shown comparable outcomes. Standard angioplasty balloons remain the cornerstone for the treatment of stenotic vascular lesions. The utility of drug-coated balloons in dialysis vascular access remains unsettled due to conflicting results from randomized clinical trials. Stent grafts are used to treat resistant and recurrent stenotic lesions and to control extravasation from a ruptured vessel that is not controlled by conservative measures. Overall, endovascular thrombectomy is the preferred modality of treatment for the thrombosed dialysis vascular conduits.
Patient Selection and Planning for Image-Guided Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement
Authors: Crabtree John H. , Hathaway Peter B.
Published: February 2022

Image-guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion has become increasingly relied upon to provide urgent access for late presenting kidney failure patients, to overcome surgical backlogs and limited operating room access, to avoid general anesthesia in high-risk patients, and, by itself, as an alternative approach to surgical PD access. Advanced planning for the procedure is essential to assure the best possible outcome. Appropriate selection of patients for percutaneous PD catheter placement, choosing the most suitable catheter type, determining insertion and exit site locations, and final patient preparations facilitate the performance of the procedure, minimizes the risk of complications, and improves the likelihood of providing a successful long-term peritoneal access.
Hemodialysis Catheters: Update on Types, Outcomes, Designs and Complications
Authors: El Khudari Husameddin , Ozen Merve , Kowalczyk Bridget , Bassuner Juri , Almehmi Ammar
Published: February 2022

Hemodialysis catheters (HDCs) are an essential part of kidney replacement therapy. While these catheters are considered only the bridge to long-term vascular access such as arteriovenous fistulas and grafts, they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and subsequent increased health care expenditures. However, despite these risks, a large proportion of end stage kidney disease population initiates dialysis using these catheters. The pathogenicity of HDCs stems from its invasive nature to the venous vasculature tree resulting in both mechanical and infectious complications. Therefore, the wide use these catheters in dialysis population and the associated complications necessitated continuous innovations in the catheter material, design, and placement techniques. This review provides an update on the catheter types, catheter tip designs, and the new technologies and innovations aimed to improve the catheter functionality and mitigate its related complications.
Large Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor Pancreas with Extensive Splenoportal Thrombosis and Malignant Transformation—A Rare Entity
Authors: Pratap Thara , Jacob Dhanya , Yadav Abhishek , Jalal Muhammed Jasim Abdul , Mathew Iona Leekha
Published: February 2022

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is an uncommon low-grade malignant cystic exocrine neoplasm of the pancreas that typically affects young women. The tumor has an excellent prognosis after surgical resection. Vascular involvement is usually not seen at presentation. Local recurrence and metastasis are also rare. Herein, we present a case of large, locally advanced SPT in a young female with splenoportal extension and malignant transformation.
Fraught with Friction: Inclusive Development for Informal Workers in Urban Ghana
Authors: Hendriks Tanja D. , Verbuyst Rafael , Kaag Mayke
Published: February 2022

Informal workers are a heterogeneous group distinguished by diverse activities and interests, but they have in common that they operate largely outside state regulations. In this article, we analyse the ways in which informal workers in Ghana are organising (themselves) in response to proposed relocations of their workspace. Borrowing from Tsing, we distinguish three layers of friction that can lead to (structural) change, collective action, and an increase in informal workers’ political leverage. Our two case studies in Accra and Kumasi show how striving for inclusive development is a process shaped by diverse agendas and potentially conflicting interests. These relational and political aspects are crucial for understanding the frictions involved, as well as how these may lead to change. Where the tendency is to gloss over these frictions, we argue that they need to be the starting point for effective policies and initiatives for inclusive development.
On-chip circulating tumor cells isolation based on membrane filtration and immuno-magnetic bead clump capture
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Yue , Yang Chaoqiang , Zhu Junwen , Ye Xiongying , Wang Wenhui
Published: February 2022

Isolating rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is critical for the downstream analysis that is important in cancer-related research, diagnosis, and medicine, and efforts are ongoing to increase the efficiency and purity of CTC isolation in microfluidics. Reported in this paper is a two-stage integrated microfluidic chip for coarse-to-fine CTC isolation from whole blood. First, blood cells are removed by filtration using a micropore-array membrane, then CTCs and other cells that are trapped in the micropores are peeled off the membrane by a novel release method based on air–liquid interfacial tension, which significantly increases the recovery rate of CTCs. The second stage is CTC capture based on an on-chip dense immuno-magnetic-bead clump, which offers high capture efficiency and purity. Both the micropore filtration and immuno-magnetic-bead capture are validated and optimized experimentally. Overall, the integrated microfluidic chip can realize a recovery rate of 85.5% and a purity of 37.8% for rare cancer cells spiked in whole blood.
Wide temperature AC-calorimetry equipped in a constant loading cubic-anvil-type pressure apparatus
Authors: Yamauchi Touru , Ueda Hiroaki
Published: February 2022

AC-calorimetry was developed for a cubic-anvil-type pressure apparatus, which can explore the electromagnetic properties of matter over temperatures of 2–300 K and pressures of 0–15 GPa. This method was designed to observe the specific heat of fragile crystals that are difficult to mold into desired forms, such as β-Na0.33V2O5 and BaFe2S3. The calorimeter has two main components: a thermometer and a heater. We employed an AuFe (0.07 mol. %)-Chromel thermocouple and NiCr alloy foil/wire as the thermometer and heater, respectively. Using this calorimetry, we successfully observed the pressure dependencies of several transition temperatures in β-Na0.33V2O5 and the jump in the specific heat (ΔCac/T) at the superconducting transition in Pb-metal when under pressure. Meanwhile, the pressure dependencies of the observed ΔCac/T do not coincide with the literature, which may be attributed to the pressure dependence of the thermoelectric power for the AuFe-Chromel thermocouple at around 5 K.
Electron radiation effects on carrier relaxation in molecular beam and vapor deposition grown GaAs test structures
Authors: Hudson Andrew , Hubbard Seth , Juang Bor-Chau , Liang Baolai , Debnath Mukul , Lotshaw William
Published: February 2022

We exposed a series of AlGaAs/GaAs double heterostructure test articles grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition to electron radiation. The active regions of the test articles were doped p-type, n-type, or unintentionally. Above bandgap steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize radiation-induced changes in the band structure and carrier dynamics of the test articles. The effects of 1 MeV electron radiation on the low temperature steady state photoluminescence and room temperature carrier lifetime varied with dopant type and concentration. The doping dependence of the lifetime damage coefficient indicates that dopants can mitigate the impact of radiation-induced non-radiative carrier recombination processes.
Element-selective analysis of ultrafast demagnetization in Co/Pt multilayers exhibiting large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Hennes M. , Lambert G. , Chardonnet V. , Delaunay R. , Chiuzbăian G. S. , Jal E. , Vodungbo B.
Published: February 2022

We use time-resolved resonant magnetic scattering experiments to investigate the laser induced demagnetization of Co/Pt multilayers with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Our pump-probe approach, which relies on extreme ultraviolet pulses obtained via high-harmonic generation, allows us to monitor the temporal evolution of the system in an element-selective fashion, thus to disentangle the contributions from permanent and proximity-induced magnetic moments. By analyzing the data gathered at the Co M2,3 and Pt O3 edges, we are able to show that after femtosecond laser irradiation, both components display a very similar loss of magnetic order, with almost identical demagnetization amplitudes and characteristic times, but a small delay (10–20 fs) of the Pt magnetization quenching with respect to Co. Comparing our experiments with literature results, therefore, suggests that in these 3d–5d multilayers and alloys, the different constituents remain strongly coupled after optical excitation; no matter whether the thin films possess a preferred in-plane or out-of-plane easy magnetization direction.
Magnetohydrodynamic flow regimes in an annular channel
Authors: Zhang Kaiyu , Wang Yibai , Tang Haibin , Yang Lijun
Published: February 2022

One method and two results have contributed to the complete understanding of magnetohydrodynamic laminar flow in an annular channel with a transverse magnetic field in this paper. In terms of the method, a computationally cheap semi-analytic algorithm is developed based on the spectral method and perturbation expansion. By virtue of the fast computation, dense cases with almost continuous varying Hartmann number M, Reynolds number Re, and cross section ratio η are calculated to explore the flow patterns that are missed in previous research. In terms of the results of the inertialess regime, we establish the average velocity map and electric-flow coupling delimitation in η-M space. Seven phenomenological flow patterns and their analytical approaches are identified. In terms of the results of the inertial regime, we examine the law of decreasing order-of-magnitude of inertial perturbation on primary flow with increasing Hartmann number. The proposed semi-analytic solution coincides with the Re2/M4 suppression theory of J. A. Baylis and J. C. R. Hunt [“MHD flow in an annular channel; theory and experiment,” J. Fluid Mech. 43, 423–428 (1971)] in the case of M < 40. When M > 40, the pair of trapezoid vortices of secondary flow begins to crack, and there is, therefore, a faster drop in inertial perturbation as Re2/M5, which is a new suppression theory. When M > 80, the anomalous reverse vortices are fully developed near Shercliff layers resulting in the weaker suppression mode of Re2/M2.5, which confirms the theoretical prediction of P. Tabeling and J. P. Chabrerie [“Magnetohydrodynamic secondary flows at high Hartmann numbers,” J. Fluid Mech. 103(1), 225–239 (1981)].
Significantly enhanced interlayer ferromagnetic coupling in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 bilayer by Be-ion intercalation
Authors: Huang Xiaokun , Xu Jinlin , Nie Xin , Chen Chao , Wang Wei , Song Guang , Jiang Xiangping , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: February 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic (FM) materials have recently received attention due to their potential applications in next-generation spintronic devices. However, the reduced dimensionality and weak interlayer vdW interaction seriously suppress the magnetic Curie temperature Tc, raising the concern with enhancing the interlayer FM coupling. It is argued that proper ion intercalation may enhance the interlayer coupling by establishing strong chemical bonding. In this work, this issue in a 2D vdW FM Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) bilayer as an example is addressed, and our first-principles calculations predict that beryllium (Be) can be a promising intercalant for such enhancement. It is revealed that the Be-ion migration in-between the vdW gap has only moderate energy barriers owing to its small ionic radius, suggesting the feasibility of reversible intercalation. Particularly, Be-ion intercalation can significantly enhance the interlayer FM coupling by reducing the interlayer distance. The strong bonding that pulls two FGT monolayers closer is ascribed to orbital hybridization between Be-ions and interfacial Te-FeI sites. Be-ion intercalation also contributes to electron doping via charge transfer, favoring the enhanced intralayer FM coupling. This work suggests an alternative scheme for reversibly controlled ferromagnetism enhancement in 2D vdW ferromagnets using ion intercalation.
Topological order detection and qubit encoding in Su–Schrieffer–Heeger type quantum dot arrays
Authors: Petropoulos Nikolaos , Bogdan Staszewski Robert , Leipold Dirk , Blokhina Elena
Published: February 2022

In this study, building on the 1D topological Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model, we propose a model of quantum dot arrays with odd and even parity and variable on-site local potentials to examine topological edge states and a possible quantum information encoding, using these states. We first investigate the SSH model with alternating tunneling amplitudes t1 and t2. We study the model in a ring-like structure and then proceed to minimal open-end chains with even (N=4) and odd (N=5) number of dots. Furthermore, we depart from the basic SSH model by introducing local potentials μi, which offer additional control at the cost of breaking the chiral symmetry of the Hamiltonian and study the implications. Then, we propose an idealized “static” charge qubit design, based on encoding the topological invariant ν as qubit states, that exploits the topological nature of the edge states and their collective character. We introduce perturbing noise δtij(t) into the system and demonstrate the robustness of the states for some range of the ratio ξ=t1/t2. Moreover, we show a possible way to detect the presence of topological order in the system using equilibrium dynamics for both even and odd chains. We utilize the quantum informatic measure of bipartite mutual information I{b:e}(2)(t) as a measure of bulk-edge quantum correlations and a quantitative indicator for the manifestation of bulk-edge correspondence; here, we also propose a dynamical qubit encoding with ν for specific quantum chain parity. Finally, we offer a few remarks on potential future explorations.
Experimental quantification of the impact of heterogeneous mix on thermonuclear burn
Authors: Albright B. J. , Murphy T. J. , Haines B. M. , Douglas M. R. , Cooley J. H. , Day T. H. , Denissen N. A. , Di Stefano C. , Donovan P. , Edwards S. L. , Fincke J. , Green L. M. , Goodwin L. , Gore R. A. , Gunderson M. A. , Haack J. R. , Hamilton C. E. , Hartouni E. P. , Kabadi N. V. , Khan S. , Kozlowski P. M. , Kim Y. , Lee M. N. , Lester R. , Morrow T. , Oertel J. A. , Olson R. E. , Patterson B. M. , Quintana T. , Randolph R. B. , Schmidt D. W. , Shah R. C. , Smidt J. M. , Strickland A. , Wilson C. , Yin L.
Published: February 2022

In inertial confinement fusion, deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel is brought to densities and temperatures where fusion ignition occurs. However, mixing of the ablator material into the fuel may prevent ignition by diluting and cooling the fuel. MARBLE experiments at the National Ignition Facility provide new insight into how mixing affects thermonuclear burn. These experiments use laser-driven capsules containing deuterated plastic foam and tritium gas. Embedded within the foam are voids of known sizes and locations, which control the degree of heterogeneity of the fuel. Initially, the reactants are separated, with tritium concentrated in the voids and deuterium in the foam. During the implosion, mixing occurs between the foam and gas materials, leading to DT fusion reactions in the mixed region. Here, it is shown that by measuring the ratios of DT and deuterium–deuterium neutron yields for different macropore sizes and gas compositions, the effects of mix heterogeneity on thermonuclear burn may be quantified, supporting an improved understanding of these effects.
Conjugate flow-thermal analysis of a hypersonic reentry vehicle in the rarefied flow regime
Authors: Appar Ahilan , Kumar Rakesh , Naspoori Srujan K.
Published: February 2022

A conjugate thermal analysis is performed for a charring ablative material by coupling an in-house direct simulation Monte Carlo flow solver with an in-house material thermal response solver at the fluid–solid interface. The coupling is achieved by exchanging and updating the interface properties (convective heat flux and wall temperature) between the flow and thermal solvers at certain anchor points along the reentry trajectory. Iterative and non-iterative coupling techniques are studied in this work and discussed. In-house flow-thermal code is validated by comparing surface heat flux and temperature variation with those obtained from an open-source code, Stochastic PArallel Rarefied-gas Time-accurate Analyzer, from Sandia National Laboratories, USA. The effect of introducing pyrolysis gas at the interface in the flow-thermal analysis is studied by applying a blowing correction function in an iterative manner. The effect of surface recession is also studied by enabling material degradation due to thermal ablation.
Convergence of strong shock waves in an ideal gas with dust particles
Authors: Singh Deepika , Chauhan Antim , Arora Rajan
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the authors study the problem of an imploding strong cylindrical/spherical shock wave collapsing at the axis/center of a cylindrical/spherical piston that is filled with a dusty gas of uniform density. The dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of an ideal gas and a large number of dust particles. The dust particles are of a micrometric size and uniformly distributed in the mixture. A mathematical model using a system of hyperbolic partial differential equations is presented for the considered problem. The perturbation series method is used to solve the implosion problem, providing a global solution and yielding accurately the results of Guderley's local similarity solution, which holds only in the neighborhood of the axis/center of implosion. The values of all possible real similarity exponents and the corresponding amplitudes are determined in the vicinity of the shock collapse by extending the flow variables and shock location in the Taylor series in time t. Furthermore, the obtained values of similarity exponents have been compared with the existing results and numerical results obtained by the other methods. The effects of the adiabatic exponent γ, the wavefront curvature α, and various dusty gas parameters such as σ, Kp, and G0 on the shock trajectory and flow variables have been graphically analyzed.
Electrokinetically induced concentration of diluted sample by liquid metal embedded microfluidic chip
Authors: Gong Yanli , Zhang Cheng , Weng Xuan , Peng Bei , Jiang Hai
Published: February 2022

Microfluidic devices have been demonstrated to be able to concentrate low-abundance analytes and to be integrated in point of care (POC) devices for the purpose of reducing equipment size and cost; however, the complications involved in the fabrication of microfluidic chips or microelectrodes can be challenging. Here, we present a simple and effective microfluidic device monolithically integrated with liquid metal-based microelectrodes for the transportation and concentration of molecules in dilute solutions. Numerical and experimental studies were combined to validate and optimize the performance of the presented co-designing microfluidic chip featured by a double T-shaped manifold microchannel, in which the electrokinetically induced pressure-driven flow and concentration process were fully characterized. The microfluidic chip was used in a fluorimetric assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the fluorophore labeled aptamer and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for the detection of cortisol, a stress biomarker of humans. Both experimental and numerical results show that a concentration factor up to 83-fold can be achieved within 5 min. By avoiding cumbersome fabrication processes and mechanical equipment, the proposed co-designing concentrating strategy provides insights for the fabrication of compact microfluidic chips that facilitate the miniaturization of POC devices with enhanced detection limit and sensitivity.
Benchmark studies on the large errors of calculated binding energies in metallophilic interactions
Authors: Yu Xinlei , Jin Tong , Wang Kun , Li Dan , Cheng Longjiu
Published: February 2022

Aurophilicity is a d10–d10 closed-shell interaction, which is repulsively calculated by the Hartree–Fork (HF) method, whereas binding energies (Eb) are largely overestimated under the second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) method, compared to the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method. The unusual energy errors between different wave functional methods were also verified in other closed-shell metallophilic systems and even were taken as a label of metallophilic interaction. Here, we performed a benchmark study on a collection of structures with weak interactions, sp–sp bonds, sp–d bonds, and d–d bonds, to investigate the influence factor of the errors of HF and MP2 methods. It was found that the large energy errors of HF and MP2 methods were not specified for closed-shell interactions, and the errors could also be very large for many covalent bonds, which was strongly related to the azimuthal quantum number of interaction orbitals. Compared to the CCSD(T) method, the MP2 method weakens the s–s covalent interactions slightly, strengthens the p–p covalent interactions slightly, and overestimates the d–d covalent interactions largely (can be −170 kcal/mol for the Re–Re quadruple bond). This benchmark study suggests that the special energy errors in metallophilicity may result from the participation of d orbitals. Benchmark studies on various density functional methods were also given for calculating binding energies of d–d bonds.
Kelp-forest dynamics controlled by substrate complexity
Authors: Randell Zachary , Kenner Michael , Tomoleoni Joseph , Yee Julie , Novak Mark
Published: February 2022

Significance

Kelp forests are declining worldwide due to varied combinations of environmental change and the trophic downgrading of urchin-controlling predators. These processes have increased the frequency and extent of rapid, nonlinear shifts to so-called urchin barrens whose ecological functioning and services are reduced relative to those of kelp forests. Understanding the factors that regulate kelp-forest tipping points and switches between states is key to their management. Here we demonstrate that substrate complexity (surface rugosity) determines both the existence of and dynamic transition between community states around San Nicolas Island, CA. Kelp-forest conservation and restoration efforts are growing internationally and may benefit from the consideration of substrate complexity in their strategies.
Fully learnable deep wavelet transform for unsupervised monitoring of high-frequency time series
Authors: Michau Gabriel , Frusque Gaetan , Fink Olga
Published: February 2022

Significance

Monitoring of industrial assets often relies on high-frequency (HF) signal measurements. One difficulty of dealing with such measurements in the industrial context is the conciliation between the high-frequency sampling and low-dimensional decision states (e.g., healthy/unhealthy), in a context where, very often, labels are not available. Here, we propose a fully unsupervised deep-learning framework for high-frequency time series that is able to extract meaningful and sparse representation of raw signals and is able to handle different lengths of time series flexibly, overcoming thereby several of the limitations of existing deep-learning approaches. The decomposition framework will be very useful for handling in an automatic manner high-frequency signals and is an important basis for future applications with HF data.
Mass cytometry reveals single-cell kinetics of cytotoxic lymphocyte evolution in CMV-infected renal transplant patients
Authors: Ishiyama Kenichi , Arakawa-Hoyt Janice , Aguilar Oscar A. , Damm Izabella , Towfighi Parhom , Sigdel Tara , Tamaki Stanley , Babdor Joel , Spitzer Matthew H. , Reed Elaine F. , Sarwal Minnie M. , Lanier Lewis L. ,   CMV Systems Immunobiology Group, Ishiyama Kenichi , Arakawa-Hoyt Janice , Sigdel Tara , Reed Elaine F. , Sarwal Minnie M. , Lanier Lewis L. , Ahn Richard , Brook Jenny , Bunnapradist Suphamai , Datta Nakul , Deng Mario , Diamond Don , Doung Tin , Gadzhyan Janette , Elashoff David , Gjertson David , Groysberg Victoria , Hoffman Alexander , Lum Erik , Pickering Harry , Qian Zach , Ramirez Michelle , Rossetti Maura , Rychov Dimitri , Schaenman Joanna , Schroeder Andrew , Sen Subha , Sim Danielle , Sirota Marina , Vicenti Flavio , Yang Otto
Published: February 2022

Significance

Memory-like NK cells (NKG2C
+
CD57
+
FcεRIγ
–
) are established during CMV infection. Here, mass cytometry tracked the in vivo kinetics of CMV-induced memory NK cells generation and identified a unique subset of NKG2C
+
CD57
+
FcεRIγ
low–dim
as potentially prememory-like NK cells in CMV-infected kidney transplant patients. The study demonstrated that prememory-like NK cells with a high cytotoxic profile proliferate along with accumulation of new memory-like NK cells, whereas preexisting memory-like NK cells decreased in the peripheral blood after transplantation. Moreover, NKG2C
+
CD8
+
T cells and cytotoxic γδ T cells also expand during CMV infection. This interplay of three different cytotoxic lymphocytes demonstrates a combinatorial immune response against CMV infection, which may contribute to preventing CMV-associated complication in organ transplantation.
Atomic-scale probing of heterointerface phonon bridges in nitride semiconductor
Authors: Li Yue-Hui , Qi Rui-Shi , Shi Ruo-Chen , Hu Jian-Nan , Liu Zhe-Tong , Sun Yuan-Wei , Li Ming-Qiang , Li Ning , Song Can-Li , Wang Lai , Hao Zhi-Biao , Luo Yi , Xue Qi-Kun , Ma Xu-Cun , Gao Peng
Published: February 2022

Significance

As high-power devices approach nanoscale, interface thermal conductance (ITC) becomes a bottleneck to govern the device performance, which is dominated by the interface phonons. In order to gain insights into engineering ITC, here we measure the local phonons across AlN/Si and AlN/Al interfaces by using atomically resolved vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy. We find that the dominant types of interface phonons for ITC are very different in these two systems and demonstrate the ability to correlate the measured interface phonons with ITC at atomic scale. Our study reveals the underlying mechanism of ITC and provides useful insights for thermal management in these practically important semiconductors.
Reversible dougong structured receptor–ligand recognition for building dynamic extracellular matrix mimics
Authors: He Wenbo , Bai Jiaxiang , Chen Xu , Suo Di , Wang Shenghao , Guo Qianping , Yin Weiling , Geng Dechun , Wang Miao , Pan Guoqing , Zhao Xin , Li Bin
Published: February 2022

Significance

This paper reports an exciting breakthrough in dynamic biomaterials design mimicking the reversible interlocking and remoldable structure of extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, we realize a nature-derived molecular recognition event (i.e., the antibiotic glycopeptide vancomycin [Van] and the dipeptide
d
-Ala-
d
-Ala [AA] receptor–ligand interaction) as a reversible strategy for fabrication of dynamic biointerface and 3D ECM mimics. We believe that the specific but reversible Van–AA molecular recognition would be a strategy for dynamic biomaterial fabrication, and that the easy-handling merit, ECM-like remoldability, and inherent antibacterial activity will bring insights to biomaterial scaffold design in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Network modeling predicts personalized gene expression and drug responses in valve myofibroblasts cultured with patient sera
Authors: Rogers Jesse D. , Aguado Brian A. , Watts Kelsey M. , Anseth Kristi S. , Richardson William J.
Published: February 2022

Significance

A major contributor to heart valve disease is the excessive buildup of scar-like tissue in the valve, which can hinder the ability of the valve to open and close and can ultimately lead to heart failure. Controlling this scar tissue remodeling is very difficult due, in part, to a complex cellular regulation system and, in part, to large variabilities between different patients. We have built a computational model of the cell biochemical network that regulates valve remodeling, which enables virtual predictions of valve scarring given patient-specific biochemical levels. With this model, we ran personalized drug screens to predict each patient’s response to particular therapies, and follow-up cell culture experiments validated our predictions with over 80% accuracy.
The recovered past?
Authors: Sapała Barbara , Turska Marta
Published: February 2022

The present considerations focus on the intersection of translation and memory. The starting point of these considerations is the lost letter of General Władysław Sikorski to the president of Czechoslovakia, Edvard Beneš, dated 17 February 1941, known only in its German and Czech translations. In the history of translation, there are many known examples of texts saved only through translation that have been incorporated into a cultural system, thereby preserving their continuity. However, this is not what occurred regarding the translation described here. The historical and political context of the correspondence of General Sikorski to President Beneš concerning the post-war expulsion of German populations inclines one to consider the subject of the mutual relationships between collective memory and historical knowledge. The article describes the role of translation as an act of communication in cultural processes, thus in building and transferring knowledge resources, as well as in the processes of constituting collective memory and shaping a memory narrative. The question of the role of the described text centers on – in view of the lack of the original – the issue of its authenticity. It seems that the lack of the original text has become a pretext for excluding from discourse the translation whose content is not in accordance with the official narrative. The fact that it is impossible to settle this question also inclines one to view the translation as a possible tool of manipulation. The authors of the article thus pose the question as to whether the assumption of a transnational perspective would allow the incorporation of this translation into discussions concerning the memory of the expulsions.
A corpus-based comparative study of explicitation by investigating connectives in two Chinese translations of The Lord of the Rings
Authors: Song Hua
Published: February 2022

This article conducts a corpus-based comparative study of explicitation, one of the translation universals widely explored, by investigating the use of connectives in two versions of the Chinese translation of The Lord of the Rings from Taiwan and Mainland China. The two versions are compared with the originally produced Chinese text and their source text to find out whether explicitation through the use of connectives occurs in Chinese translation and to what extent such explicitation is influenced by the source text. A quantitative plus qualitative method is adopted to analyze the connectives in the two Chinese versions and compare them with their counterparts in the source text and the non-translated target text. The results show that explicitation occurs in both versions and that the Taiwan version exhibits a higher degree of explicitation than the Mainland version. Such findings may result from different pedagogical and regional translation norms, especially with greater importance attached to faithfulness in translation in Mainland China.
Effect of cold deformation in quench and tempered medium-carbon steel bars microstructure
Authors: Aranda Virginia H. , Carazo Fernando D. , García Laura N. , Celentano Diego J. , Tolley Alfredo J.
Published: February 2022

Tempered AISI 4140 steel bars were processed by cold drawing. An effective deformation of ≈0.9 was achieved. The quench and tempered, and the subsequently deformed microstructures were analysed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Intralath, interlath and spherically shaped carbides were identified in both cases. The deformed specimens revealed a mixed structure of thinned laths and dislocations cell-blocks composed of cell-block and cell boundaries. After the deformation process, alignment and fragmentation of the carbides occurred, mainly of those located in lath boundaries what would explain the partial preservation of the lath boundaries after drawing as they would arrest the destruction of lath martensite boundaries. These microstructural characteristics shall play an important role to enhance grain refinement in subsequent heat treatments.