bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-notification and personalisation of text messages to increase questionnaire completion in a smoking cessation pregnancy RCT: an embedded randomised factorial trial
Authors: Coleman Elizabeth , Whitemore Rachel , Clark Laura , Daykin Karen , Clark Miranda
Published: September 2021

Background: 

Low completion rates of questionnaires in randomised controlled trials can compromise the reliability of the results, so ways to boost questionnaire completion are often implemented. Although there is evidence to suggest that sending a text message to participants increases completion, there is little evidence around the timing or personalisation of these text messages. 

Methods: 

A two-by-two factorial SWAT (study within a trial) was embedded within the MiQuit-3 trial, looking at smoking cessation within pregnant smokers. Participants who reached their 36-week gestational follow-up were randomised to receive a personalised or non-personalised text message, either one week or one day prior to their follow-up. Primary outcomes were completion rate of questionnaire via telephone. Secondary outcomes included: completion rate via any method, time to completion, and number of attempts to contact required. 

Results 

In total 194 participants were randomised into the SWAT to receive a text message that was personalised early(n=50), personalised late (n=47), non-personalised early(n=50), or non-personalised late(n=47). There was no evidence that timing of the text message (early: one week before; or late: one day before) had an effect on any of the outcomes. There was evidence that a personalised text message would result in fewer completions compared with a non-personalised text message when data was collected only via the telephone(adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.87, p=0.02). However, these results were not significant when looking at completion via any method (adjusted OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.30-1.24, p=0.17). There was no evidence to show that personalisation or not was better for any of the secondary outcomes. 

Conclusion 

Timing of the text message does not appear to influence the completion of questionnaires. Personalisation of a text message may be detrimental to questionnaire completion, if data is only collected via the telephone - however, more SWATs should be undertaken in this field.
Utilizing data sampling techniques on algorithmic fairness for customer churn prediction with data imbalance problems
Authors: Maw Maw , Haw Su-Cheng , Ho Chin-Kuan
Published: September 2021

Background: Customer churn prediction (CCP) refers to detecting which customers are likely to cancel the services provided by a service provider, for example, internet services. The class imbalance problem (CIP) in machine learning occurs when there is a huge difference in the samples of positive class compared to the negative class. It is one of the major obstacles in CCP as it deteriorates performance in the classification process. Utilizing data sampling techniques (DSTs) helps to resolve the CIP to some extent.

Methods: In this paper, we review the effect of using DSTs on algorithmic fairness, i.e., to investigate whether the results pose any discrimination between male and female groups and compare the results before and after using DSTs. Three real-world datasets with unequal balancing rates were prepared and four ubiquitous DSTs were applied to them. Six popular classification techniques were utilized in the classification process. Both classifier’s performance and algorithmic fairness are evaluated with notable metrics.

Results: The results indicated that Random Forest classifier outperforms other classifiers in all three datasets and, using SMOTE and ADASYN techniques cause more discrimination in the female group. The rate of unintentional discrimination seems to be higher in the original data of extremely unbalanced datasets under the following classifiers: Logistics Regression, LightGBM, and XGBoost.

Conclusions: Algorithmic fairness has become a broadly studied area in recent years, yet there is a very little systematic study on the effect of using DSTs on algorithmic fairness. This study presents important findings to further the use of algorithmic fairness in CCP research.
Do fluorocarbons substantially increase transdermal oxygen delivery? A proof-of-principle study in mice
Authors: Kaestner Lars , Laschke Matthias W. , John Thomas , Wagner Christian , Bogdanova Anna
Published: September 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who need intensive medical care often require oxygen ventilation, but the number of ventilation machines is limited, and in some parts of the world, they are not available at all. In addition to patients for whom there is no access to ventilation machines there is also a considerable population of patients for whom ventilation is not sufficient for them to survive a critical state.

Methods: Here, we propose and test an alternative oxygen supply through accelerated transdermal oxygen delivery. Covering the entire body with liquid fluorocarbons, which can dissolve 20 times more oxygen than water, we hypothesized to increase the contribution of transcutaneous respiration by a sustained amount.

Results: Experiments applying pure medical grade perfluorodecalin on nude mice did not change their oxygenation in the blood under induced hypoxic conditions compared to control mice. However, increases in blood oxygenation below 2% could not be detected with the applied method.

Conclusions: We could not establish a proof-of-principle for a substantial increase in oxygen supply by transdermal oxygen delivery in mammals.
Theoretical spectroscopic study of acetyl (CH3CO), vinoxy (CH2CHO), and 1-methylvinoxy (CH3COCH2) radicals. Barrierless formation processes of acetone in the gas phase
Authors: El Hadki Hamza , Gámez Victoria Guadalupe , Dalbouha Samira , Marakchi Khadija , Kabbaj Oum Keltoum , Komiha Najia , Carvajal Miguel , Senent Diez Maria Luisa
Published: September 2021

Background: Acetone is present in the earth´s atmosphere and extra-terrestrially. The knowledge of its chemical history in these environments represents a challenge with important implications for global tropospheric chemistry and astrochemistry. The results of a search for efficient barrierless pathways producing acetone from radicals in the gas phase are described in this paper. The spectroscopic properties of radicals needed for their experimental detection are provided.  

Methods: The reactants were acetone fragments of low stability and small species containing C, O and H atoms. Two exergonic bimolecular addition reactions involving the radicals CH3, CH3CO, and CH3COCH2, were found to be competitive according to the kinetic rates calculated at different temperatures. An extensive spectroscopic study of the radicals CH3COCH2 and CH3CO, as well as the CH2CHO isomer, was performed. Rovibrational parameters, anharmonic vibrational transitions, and excitations to the low-lying excited states are provided. For this purpose, RCCSD(T)-F12 and MRCI/CASSCF calculations were performed. In addition, since all the species presented non-rigid properties, a variational procedure of reduced dimensionality was employed to explore the far infrared region.

Results: The internal rotation barriers were determined to be V3=143.7 cm-1 (CH3CO), V2=3838.7 cm-1 (CH2CHO) and V3=161.4 cm-1 and V2=2727.5 cm-1 (CH3COCH2).The splitting of the ground vibrational state due to the torsional barrier have been computed to be 2.997 cm-1, 0.0 cm-1, and 0.320 cm-1, for CH3CO, CH2CHO, and CH3COCH2, respectively.

Conclusions: Two addition reactions, H+CH3COCH2 and CH3+CH3CO, could be considered barrierless formation processes of acetone after considering all the possible formation routes, starting from 58 selected reactants, which are fragments of the molecule. The spectroscopic study of the radicals involved in the formation processes present non-rigidity. The interconversion of their equilibrium geometries has important spectroscopic effects on CH3CO and CH3COCH2, but is negligible for CH2CHO.
Body Integrity Identity Disorder: A review of current knowledge and management options
Authors: Aigbonoga Daniel , Adebambo Deborah , Owoputi Taye , Obarombi Joshua
Published: September 2021

Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID), also known as body integrity dysphoria and xenomelia is a rare chronic psychiatric condition characterized by an intense and persistent desire to have one or both healthy limbs amputated or paralyzed. Affected individuals usually experience discomfort with being able-bodied.
This disorder often causes significant distress and decreased quality of life, with patients believing they would be happier living as an amputee, sometimes mutilating themselves. Though very rare, most sufferers fail to complain to clinicians due to the embarrassing nature of their bizarre desire. As a result, the disorder is infrequently studied and lacks standardized diagnostic criteria and formal guidelines for psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy, underscoring the need for investigation and extensive empirical research.
This study reviews the current knowledge and management of BIID to encourage recognition by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Disease (ICD).
Malignant Nodular Hidradenoma of the Fingertip: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Jin Soo , Park Jung Hyun , Lee Hee Jeong , Kim Byung Jun , Koh Sung Hoon , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Dong Chul
Published: September 2021

Malignant nodular hidradenoma (MNH) is an infrequent, highly malignant tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands. MNH usually occurs on the scalp, trunk, and proximal extremities, and rarely on the hand. A 55-year-old male patient visited clinics with a gradually enlarging painless mass at fingertip. It begins a year ago. Recently, it has grown rapidly and starts ulceration, and bleeding over the past 3 weeks. According to the biopsy report, it has focal necrosis, atypia, atypical mitoses, and nuclear pleomorphism suggested that the mass was MNH. After histological diagnosis, tiny bone erosion was observed in the re-read radiographic finding. For the oncologic evaluation, the patient was transferred to the cancer center. Radical amputation was performed to the residual tumor that might remain based on re-reading of radiographs. MNH of the finger is especially difficult to the diagnosis given its rarity and variable histology. When ulcerative skin lesion and radiographic bone erosion are observed, one should suspect malignancy and makes out a proper therapeutic plan after histologic biopsy.
The Presence of the Past: History and Imagination in Uday Prakāśs’ Vāren hesṭiṅgs kā sāḍ̃
Authors: Ghirardi Veronica
Published: September 2021

The paper aims at discussing the role and meaning of history in a Hindi short story by Uday Prakāś, Vāren hesṭiṅgs kā sā̃ḍ (“Warren Hastings’ Bull”, 1996). Based on the historical figure of Warren Hastings, this work of fiction intermingles fantasy and facts, imagination and history. Significantly, Uday Prakāś warns his readers about this matter right at the beginning of the narrative: if readers look for history in his short story, they will be left “with a heap of sand in their hands”. This and similar statements immediately give rise to other crucial questions, i.e. what exactly is the history that the readers expect to find in the story? What are the strategies adopted by the author while addressing the subject of history? What is the role and meaning of the past in a postcolonial and progressively postmodern reality like that of India at the dawn of the new millennium? By focusing on some ‘dark areas’ of Warren Hastings’ private life, Uday Prakāś not only offers an unusual perspective from which to view the figure of the British Governor but also engages his readers in an explicit reflection on the meaning and the presence of the past in our own reality. A short story (kahanī), based on a two hundred-and-fifty-years old tale (kathā), becomes a powerful instrument for criticizing the anomalies of the contemporary world.
The Living Tree: Kr̥ṣṇā Sobtī’s Pre-Partition Punjab and the “Other History”
Authors: Vuille Rosine-Alice
Published: September 2021

Historical fiction covers a wide range of texts and presents a large variety of views on the subject of history. It is often seen as a way of narrating history from a perspective ignored by academic historiography, thus offering an alternative narrative of the past. This other way of writing history, namely by way of literary texts, is not always conscious or openly acknowledged. In her essays on literature, the Hindi writer Kr̥ṣṇā Sobtī (1925–2019) clearly formulates her views on the role of the writer when she commits herself to represent the past, differentiating her role from that of a historian per se. Personally, as a writer, she is primarily interested in the perception of time of the people of a region and their understanding of their own past transmitted through tales, songs and other media; this constitutes what Sobtī calls the “other history”, a notion close to Jan Assmann’s “mnemohistory”. Through the example of Sobtī’s magnum opus, Zindagīnāmā, this paper explores what this specific way of narrating history reveals about the rural society of the pre-Partition Punjab.
“Helpless Indian”: The Sacred Cow as the Symbol of Hindu-Muslim Unity in a Late Nineteenth-Century Hindi Novel
Authors: Wiśniewska-Singh Justyna
Published: September 2021

In the colonial North India of the late 19th century, the cow emerged as a powerful symbol of imagining the nation. The present paper explores how the image of the sacred cow was reinterpreted in the new sociopolitical context and subsequently employed in the Hindi novel, the development of which coincided with massive campaigns for cow protection. To this end, I study one of the earliest Hindi novels, Nissahāy hindū, written by Rādhākr̥ṣṇadās in 1881 and published in 1890. The novel can be read as a documentary evidence of polemics surrounding the process of identity formation and circumstances attending it, as articulated in the Hindi vernacular during the last decades of the 19th century. The agitation for cow protection is the novel’s leitmotif revolving around the theme of Hindu-Muslim unity, framed in an original and unconventional way. It introduces the bold idea of a Muslim agitating for cow protection and sacrificing himself for the movement. The analysis of the novel, alongside Bhāratendu Hariścandra’s seminal speech of 1884, reveals growing concerns regarding the Hindu-Muslim-British relations at the time of momentous religious, social and economic changes.
Exploration of the Lives of Women with ACOAs Living with an Alcoholic Spouse: A Life History Theory Approach
Authors: Ko Yoonwoo , Lee Mihyoung , Lee Eunjin , Kim Heekyun , Park Sihyun , Choi Seung Woo
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify how women who were adult children of alcoholics and spouses of alcoholics had grown up in difficult situations and found the meaning of life.Methods: This study used a life history research method and data were collected from three participants who are adult children of alcoholics and spouses of alcoholics. In-depth interviews with each participant were conducted three times from September to October 2020.Results: In this study, ‘realm of life’ includes taking care of the family like a young hero, difficulty in express one’s feelings and desire, facing the problems of the family at stake. ‘Turning point’ meeting a role model overcoming addiction problems, sharing one’s story in the Therapeutic Community, self-awareness to live independently not as a victim. ‘Adaptation’ includes recognizing and expressing one’s thoughts and feelings, trying to separate from the family psychologically and spatially, reinterpretation of one’s life and discovery of the meaning of life.Conclusion: Their meaning of life was to love and respect themselves, make responsible choices in their circumstances, break the inheritance of addiction and had a healthy family life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an existential meaning therapy program that helps them find the meaning of life and recover to their original self.
Coping Experiences of Spouses of Males with Gambling Disorders
Authors: Kim Jeong Ryul , Choi Jong Min , Lee Eun Jin
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the coping experiences of spouses of males with gambling disorders.Methods: This study used narrative inquiry. Four spouses were recruited from Gam-Anon family groups. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with each participant were conducted from November to December 2020.Results: The coping experiences of spouses ranged from daily stress to traumatic stress. The coping strategy was modified and developed by the perception of their husbands' gambling. Changes in participants' coping strategies were related to emotions that arose from the context of social interaction and internal emotions. The coping experiences of spouses were the process of learning a new way of recognizing the true meaning of life and finding happiness.Conclusion: This study proposed an efficient coping strategy for families of people with gambling disorder by understanding the spouse's coping experiences. Reducing social stigma and creating a supportive environment for families of people with gambling disorders is essential, and perceived social support can be related to the spouse's adoption of effective coping strategies.
The Factors related to Professional Quality of Life for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses
Authors: Hyun Sook Park
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study was to identify the professional quality of life and the factors related to the professional quality of life for psychiatric mental health nurses.Methods: Participants were 122 psychiatric mental health nurses. Data were collected from September 1 to October 30, 2019 were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and regression analysis with IBM SPSS 22.0.Results: The regression model explained 26% variance of psychiatric mental health nurses' compassion satisfaction (F=20.33, p<.001). Significant factors were cognitive flexibility (β=.41, p<.001) and organizational commitment (β=.22, p<.001). The regression model explained 30% variance of psychiatric mental health nurses' compassion fatigue (F=16.55, p<.001). Significant factors were stress (β=-.35, p<.001), psychological flexibility (β=-.30, p<.001), and educational level (β=-.27, p<.001).Conclusion: The results suggest that psychiatric mental health nurses' compassion satisfaction can be increased through strategies aimed at increasing cognitive flexibility and organizational commitment. The results suggest that psychiatric mental health nurses' compassion fatigue can be decreased through strategies aimed at decreasing occupation stress and increasing psychological flexibility.
A Q-Methodological Study of Suicidal Attitudes in Male Baby Boomers
Authors: Shin Eun Jeong , Kim Hee Sook
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes of male baby boomers towards suicide.Methods: Q-Methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-five q-statements were selected from total 110 statements. The recruited P-sample consisted of thirty-three male baby boomers in 1 town and 4 cities. Q-statements were classified into a shape of normal distribution of a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using PQMethod Program 2.11.Results: Three types of attitudes towards suicide were identified. The first type was self-overcoming type that oppose suicide. The second type was burden recognition type with ambivalence toward suicide. The third type was social support-seeking types that oppose suicide.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to apply a suicide prevention program differentiated according to the three types for suicide prevention among male baby boomers in Korea.
Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study on Caring Experiences of Mental Health Nurses for the Mentally Ill Patients
Authors: Kim Seong Ui , Kong Seong Sook
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed at understanding the experiences of mental health nurses caring for mentally ill patients.Methods: Van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenological method was used to analyze qualitative data. The partici- pants were 8 mental health nurses who worked in hospitals, mental health welfare centers, or psychiatric reha- bilitation facilities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from July 24, 2017, to June 20, 2018.Results: Eight essential themes emerged: “A body that must endure severe symptoms”, “A hand that cares for the wound”, “Ambivalence in a closed space”, “Making them adapt to the open world”, “Being together and getting close to the patients”, “Going forward, leaning on each other”, “Time to protect even a small light”, and “Becoming a shining star by myself”.Conclusion: Strategies are needed to cope with patient violence and prevent psychological trauma. Mental health nurses should be trained for empathetic competency to understand symptoms and build trusting relationships. Caring requires respect and love based on humanity. Mental health nurses learn from patients and experience mutual care that grows through self-reflection. Policy support including financial and manpower security is essential to improving the quality of care and preventing exhaustion.
Fenomenologia e saberes tradicionais: o que revelam as pesquisas de 2015 a 2019
Authors: Oliveira Kelly Almeida , Aguiar José Vicente De Souza
Published: September 2021

Este artigo consiste num estudo bibliográfico que visa conhecer o estado do conhecimento sobre Fenomenologia e sua articulação com saberes tradicionais. Com vista ao mapeamento das pesquisas realizadas na área de Filosofia no período de 2015 a 2019, tendo como banco de dados o Catálogo de teses e dissertações da Capes, está subsidiado pelo método de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin (2016). Partimos de hipóteses iniciais acerca do local e de quem desenvolve pesquisas sobre Fenomenologia no Brasil, os principais autores referenciados, como Husserl, Heidegger e Merleau-Ponty e seus respectivos conceitos de Fenomenologia. Ao percebermos as relações entre Fenomenologia e saber, nos questionamos: a Fenomenologia pode ser utilizada como fundamento para saberes tradicionais? A provisoriedade dos resultados indica que, entre outros fenomenólogos, Merleau-Ponty e sua obra Fenomenologia da Percepção se destacam na articulação com os saberes tradicionais. Palavras-chave: Fenomenologia. Saber. Saberes Tradicionais.
Do tempo vazio do trabalho ao tempo livre do jogo: possibilidades de se pensar o tédio em Eugen Fink
Authors: Schafranski da Silva Jéfferson Luiz , Pelogia Thiago
Published: September 2021

A partir da discussão suscitada por Heidegger, em que o tédio aparece como fenômeno ligado à experiência do ser no tempo em três níveis distintos, passamos a uma reflexão a partir da antropologia filosófica finkiana, buscando pensar o tempo livre para além da cotidianidade e do tempo livre do trabalho. Assim, este trabalho tem como preocupação apresentar e discutir o papel do tédio como fenômeno existencial, a partir da fenomenologia antropológica proposta por Eugen Fink, tomando o homem a partir de uma concepção fenomenológica do ser. Sendo assim, Fink se propõe a construir uma figura de homem voltada para uma compreensão de homem que se fundamenta na concepção de fenômeno, enquanto aquilo que aparece: existência que se mostra a si mesma, que se revela. Fundamentado nessa proposta, temos como pretensão discutir o tédio como fenômeno existencial baseando-se na concepção fenomenológica de Eugen Fink. Tal proposta se estrutura naquilo que Fink identifica como fenômenos fundamentais da existência humana – a saber, são cinco: jogo, trabalho, amor, luta e morte. Fazendo uso de dois de seus fenômenos fundamentais, jogo e trabalho, buscamos pensar o papel ocupado pelo tédio em relação a esses fenômenos. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho se preocupa em construir um argumento que apresente o tédio como fenômeno que tem um papel de elo, de passagem, entre estes dois fenômenos fundamentais, por meio de uma sintomatologia do tédio, construída a partir das considerações finkianas acerca do tempo, do trabalho e do jogo.
Fenomenologia do ser-situado: crônicas de um verão tropical urbano
Authors: Moreira Tiago Rodrigues , Aguiar Felipe Costa
Published: September 2021

Este documento refere-se à resenha crítica e bibliográfica do livro "Fenomenologia do ser-situado: crônicas de um verão tropical urbano", do autor MARANDOLA JR, Eduardo.
O papel do não europeu na crise e renovação do último Husserl
Authors: Dantas Caio Lívio Sulpino
Published: September 2021

Para Edmund Husserl, a humanidade ocidental ou europeia teria surgido a partir da filosofia grega, e, portanto, seria uma humanidade teorética ou científica. Em razão desta característica alcançada ao longo de sua história, o continente espiritual Europa, regido pelo fazer filosófico, comportaria uma motivação teleológica própria de realizar-se por norma ideativas. Esta motivação diz respeito ao telos gestado na Grécia antiga e atualizado, agora, em uma crise de sentido que atinge o espírito da Europa como uma enfermidade. Não obstante serem distintas, Husserl crê que demais culturas pré ou não cientifico-filosóficas, ou seja pré ou não europeias, seguem cobiçando o horizonte ideativo europeu por força de uma tarefa maior, e que conduziria todo o mundo ao sentido desta crise. Se a crise da ciência europeias reside na transposição da tarefa grega da razão sem levar em consideração a sua nuance originária, com o presente artigo discutiremos brevemente o mandado desta tarefa infinita em vista da diversidade das demais culturas.Palavras-chave: Husserl, fenomenologia, crise, telos, enteléquia.
Synthetic coded aperture snapshot spectral imaging based on coprime sub-aperture sampling
Authors: Zhan Yapeng , Liu Jiying , Yu Qi , Tan Xintong
Published: September 2021

The imaging of a large area scene is difficult to achieve for a single camera. Alternatively, a virtual large aperture can be synthesized by sub-aperture cooperation. We propose a solution through the combination of a coded aperture snapshot spectral imager and coprime array. This method reduces the amount of data by using a smaller sub-aperture for sampling. The position of the sub-aperture is determined according to the element distribution of the coprime array, so that the data obtained from each sampling are about the target object and its adjacent area, which can ensure high reconstruction accuracy. The feasibility of coprime sub-aperture sampling is verified by numerical simulation.
Variable-fiber optical power splitter design based on a triangular prism
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Yi , Qiu Yanqing , Mao Bangning , Meng Yanlong , Zhao Chunliu , Kang Juan , Shen Changyu , Chen Miaogeng , Guo Yong
Published: September 2021

Fiber optical power splitters (OPSs) have been widely employed in optical communications, optical sensors, optical measurements, and optical fiber lasers. It has been found that OPSs with variable power ratios can simplify the structure and increase the flexibility of optical systems. In this study, a variable-fiber OPS based on a triangular prism is proposed and demonstrated. By adjusting the output beam width of the prism, the power ratio can be continuously tuned. The optical simulations show that the horizontal displacement design is better than the traditional tilt angle design. Our scheme combines a dual-fiber collimator, a focus lens, and a triangular prism with a vertex angle of 120°. By changing the axial displacement of the prism, the power splitting ratio can be altered from 50:50 to 90:10. The polarization and wavelength dependence of the variable OPS were also investigated.
Reconstruction of a leaking gas cloud from a passive FTIR scanning
remote-sensing imaging system
Authors: Hu Yunyou , Xu Liang , Shen Xianchun , Jin Ling , Xu Hanyang , Deng Yasong , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: September 2021

The concentration-path-length product (CL) image of the leaking gas cloud measured by the passive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) scanning remote-sensing imaging system has a low resolution. Gas cloud diffusion is affected by wind speed and direction, which makes it difficult to trace the source of a leakage. Therefore, we propose a method to reconstruct the CL image of the leaking gas cloud applied to the passive FTIR scanning remote-sensing imaging system. First, bicubic interpolation is employed to upsample the low-resolution CL image of gas clouds. Second, the maximum noise-equivalent concentration-path-length (NECL) product is used as a threshold to segment the high-resolution gas cloud image. Third, image morphology processing and the evaluation criteria of the leaking gas cloud are applied to detect the leaking gas cloud. Finally, the high-resolution CL image of the leaking gas cloud is superimposed onto the background image. The effectiveness of the reconstruction method is proven by the

S
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remote-sensing experiment and simulation. The results show that the proposed method should be effectively implemented to reconstruct the high-resolution CL image of the leaking gas cloud. The reconstructed leaking gas cloud plume, as well as the location of the leakage source, are quite obvious. The reconstruction method has been successfully applied to passive FTIR scanning remote-sensing imaging systems, with high accuracy, in real time, and with robustness.
Single-sequence stable spectroscopic reflectometry using simultaneous measurement of incident light and reflected light: publisher’s note
Authors: Lee Sin Yong , Lee Seung Woo , Choi Garam , Cho Yeongchan , Pahk Heui Jae
Published: September 2021

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Appl. Opt.
60, 8915 (2021).APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.435321
Probing mid-infrared surface interface states based on thermal emission
Authors: Zhong Fan , Zhang Ye , Zhu Shining , Liu Hui
Published: September 2021

Probing mid-infrared surface wave radiation remains a big challenge for a long time. The lack of convenient and quick mid-infrared surface wave radiation probing methods limits the development of the integrated mid-infrared materials and devices. In this work, we propose a scheme to construct and probe the mid-infrared surface wave radiation of interface state in the waveguide through thermal emission. A superlattice composed of alternately placed periodic meta-crystals is designed to construct an array of interfaces to realize the interface states through the transverse electrical waveguide modes with a tolerance in structural parameters. By heating the structure, we employ angular resolved thermal emission spectroscopy to directly and quickly verify the dispersion of mid-infrared interface states, which have specific frequencies, angles, and polarizations. Moreover, we establish a thermal imaging microscopy to probe the local waveguide interface state directly for the first time. This proposed infrared probing method based on thermal emission can be generalized to probe the mid-infrared surface wave in other systems, such as surface plasmon waves in graphene or surface phonon waves in two-dimensional materials in the mid-infrared range.
Large-area mid-infrared broadband absorbers based on spiral ITO resulting from the combination of two different broadening absorption methods
Authors: Cao Bo-Wen , Li Cheng , Shi Wei-Jie , Han Cai-Qin , Wu Ying , Yan Chang-Chun
Published: September 2021

A large-area mid-infrared broadband absorber is proposed in this paper. The absorber is a spiral ITO structure grown on a hexagonal lattice arrangement of silicon nanopillars by using a glancing angle deposition method. The experimental results show that when the heights of the silicon nanopillars are 1.7 µm and the number of rotation depositions is n = 5, that is, the rotation angle is 150 degrees, the absorber absorbs more than 81% of electromagnetic waves in the 2.5-6 µm spectral range. In the atmospheric window of 3-5 µm, the integral absorption reaches 96%. The experimental results also show that the absorbing ability of the ITO structure in the mid-infrared atmospheric window is significantly stronger than that of the structure composed of silver under the same preparation conditions. The main reasons for the broadband absorption are that the spiral ITO structure has resonant absorption of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths in the empty cavity regions with different sizes, and ITO has longer penetration depths than noble metals in the mid-infrared band, which brings about stronger broadband absorption. The combination of the two leads to a broadening of the total absorption spectrum. The higher heights of the silicon nanopillars enhance absorption further. Additionally, the loose spiral ITO distributions indicate lower mean plasma concentration and then increase penetration depths further, resulting in stronger light absorption. Such a large-area mid-infrared absorption structure with a simple preparation method has potential applications in mid-infrared cloaking and sensing.
Dynamically tunable third-harmonic generation with all-dielectric metasurfaces incorporating phase-change chalcogenides
Authors: Zhu Muliang , Abdollahramezani Sajjad , Fan Tianren , Adibi Ali
Published: September 2021

Subwavelength nonlinear optical sources with high efficiency have received extensive attention, although strong dynamic controllability of these sources is still elusive. Germanium antimony telluride (GST) as a well-established phase-change chalcogenide is a promising candidate for the reconfiguration of subwavelength nanostructures due to the strong non-volatile change of the index of refraction between its amorphous and crystalline states. Here, we numerically demonstrate an electromagnetically-induced-transparency-based silicon metasurface actively controlled with a quarter-wave asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity incorporating GST to modulate the relative phase of incident and reflected pump beams. We demonstrate a giant third-harmonic generation (THG) switch with a modulation depth as high as

∼

70

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at the resonant band. We also demonstrate the possibility of multi-level THG amplitude modulation for the fundamental C-band by controlling the crystallization fraction of GST at multiple intermediate states. This study shows the high potential of GST-based fast dynamic nonlinear photonic switches for real-world applications ranging from communications to optical computing.
Fabrication of freeform optical components by fluidic shaping
Authors: Elgarisi Mor , Frumkin Valeri , Luria Omer , Bercovici Moran
Published: September 2021

Freeform optical components enable advanced manipulation of light that
is not possible with traditional optical systems. However, their
fabrication relies on machining processes that are complex,
time-consuming, and require significant infrastructure. Here we
present the ability to shape liquid volumes and solidify them into
desired freeform components, enabling rapid prototyping of freeform
components with high surface quality. The method is based on
controlling the minimum energy state of the interface between a
curable optical liquid and an immersion liquid, by dictating a
geometrical boundary constraint. We provide an analytical solution for
the resulting topography given a predefined boundary and demonstrate
the fabrication of freeform components with sub-nanometer surface
roughness within minutes. Such a fabrication capability, that allows
for rapid prototyping of high-quality components, has the potential to
answer an unmet need in the optical design industry—allowing
researchers and engineers to rapidly test freeform design concepts. It
can be further envisioned to be expanded to an industrial scale,
allowing for mold-less fabrication of freeform optics.
Hypoxic and nitrosative stress conditions modulate expression of myoglobin genes in a carcinogenic hepatobiliary trematode, Clonorchis sinensis
Authors: Kim Seon-Hee , Yang Dongki , Bae Young-An
Published: September 2021

Despite recent evidence suggesting that adult trematodes require oxygen for the generation of bioenergy and eggshells, information on the molecular mechanism by which the parasites acquire oxygen remains largely elusive. In this study, the structural and expressional features of globin genes identified in Clonorchis sinensis, a carcinogenic trematode parasite that invades the hypoxic biliary tracts of mammalian hosts, were investigated to gain insight into the molecules that enable oxygen metabolism. The number of globin paralogs substantially differed among parasitic platyhelminths, ranging from one to five genes, and the C. sinensis genome encoded at least five globin genes. The expression of these Clonorchis genes, named CsMb (CsMb1—CsMb3), CsNgb, and CsGbX, according to their preferential similarity patterns toward respective globin subfamilies, exponentially increased in the worms coinciding with their sexual maturation, after being downregulated in early juveniles compared to those in metacercariae. The CsMb1 protein was detected throughout the parenchymal region of adult worms as well as in excretory-secretory products, whereas the other proteins were localized exclusively in the sexual organs and intrauterine eggs. Stimuli generated by exogenous oxygen, nitric oxide (NO), and nitrite as well as co-incubation with human cholangiocytes variously affected globin gene expression in live C. sinensis adults. Together with the specific histological distributions, these hypoxia-induced patterns may suggest that oxygen molecules transported by CsMb1 from host environments are provided to cells in the parenchyma and intrauterine eggs/sex organs of the worms for energy metabolism and/or, more importantly, eggshell formation by CsMb1 and CsMb3, respectively. Other globin homologs are likely to perform non-respiratory functions. Based on the responsive expression profile against nitrosative stress, an oxygenated form of secreted CsMb1 is suggested to play a pivotal role in parasite survival by scavenging NO generated by host immune cells via its NO dioxygenase activity.
Signal-based optical map alignment
Authors: Akdel Mehmet , van de Geest Henri , Schijlen Elio , van Rijswijck Irma M. H. , Smid Eddy J. , Sanchez-Perez Gabino , de Ridder Dick
Published: September 2021

In genomics, optical mapping technology provides long-range contiguity information to improve genome sequence assemblies and detect structural variation. Originally a laborious manual process, Bionano Genomics platforms now offer high-throughput, automated optical mapping based on chips packed with nanochannels through which unwound DNA is guided and the fluorescent DNA backbone and specific restriction sites are recorded. Although the raw image data obtained is of high quality, the processing and assembly software accompanying the platforms is closed source and does not seem to make full use of data, labeling approximately half of the measured signals as unusable. Here we introduce two new software tools, independent of Bionano Genomics software, to extract and process molecules from raw images (OptiScan) and to perform molecule-to-molecule and molecule-to-reference alignments using a novel signal-based approach (OptiMap). We demonstrate that the molecules detected by OptiScan can yield better assemblies, and that the approach taken by OptiMap results in higher use of molecules from the raw data. These tools lay the foundation for a suite of open-source methods to process and analyze high-throughput optical mapping data. The Python implementations of the OptiTools are publicly available throughhttp://www.bif.wur.nl/.
Brief report: Cannabis and opioid use disorder among heart failure admissions, 2008–2018
Authors: Chouairi Fouad , Mullan Clancy W. , Ravindra Neal , Clark Katherine A. A. , Jaffe Edward M. , Bhinder Jasjit , Fuery Michael , Guha Avirup , Ahmad Tariq , Desai Nihar R.
Published: September 2021

Background

In the United States, both cannabis use disorder (CUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased in prevalence. The prevalence, demographics, and costs of CUD and OUD are not well known in heart failure (HF) admissions. This study aimed to use a national database to examine the prevalence, demographics, and costs associated with CUD and OUD in HF.

Methods

This study used the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2018 to identify all primary HF admissions with and without the co-diagnosis of OUD or CUD using International Classification for Diagnosis, diagnosis codes. Demographics, costs, and trends were examined.

Results

Between 2008 and 2018, we identified 11,692,995 admissions for HF of which 84,796 (0.8%) had a co-diagnosis of CUD only, and 67,137 (0.6%) had a co-diagnosis of OUD only. The proportion of HF admissions with CUD significantly increased from 0.3% in 2008 to 1.3% in 2018 (p<0.001). The proportion of HF admissions with OUD significantly increased from 0.2% in 2008 to 1.1% in 2018 (p<0.001). Patients admitted with HF and either CUD or OUD were younger, more likely to be Black, and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds (p<0.001, all). HF admissions with OUD or CUD had higher median costs compared to HF admissions without associated substance abuse diagnoses ($8,611 vs. $8,337 for CUD HF and $10,019 vs. $8,337 for OUD HF, p<0.001 for both).

Conclusions

Among discharge records for HF, CUD and OUD are increasing in prevalence, significantly affect underserved populations and are associated with higher costs of stay. Future research is essential to better delineate the cause of these increased costs and create interventions, particularly in underserved populations.
Infants are sensitive to cultural differences in emotions at 11 months
Authors: Liu Liquan , du Toit Mieke , Weidemann Gabrielle
Published: September 2021

A myriad of emotion perception studies has shown infants’ ability to discriminate different emotional categories, yet there has been little investigation of infants’ perception of cultural differences in emotions. Hence little is known about the extent to which culture-specific emotion information is recognised in the beginning of life. Caucasian Australian infants of 10–12 months participated in a visual-paired comparison task where their preferential looking patterns to three types of infant-directed emotions (anger, happiness, surprise) from two different cultures (Australian, Japanese) were examined. Differences in racial appearances were controlled. Infants exhibited preferential looking to Japanese over Caucasian Australian mothers’ angry and surprised expressions, whereas no difference was observed in trials involving East-Asian Australian mothers. In addition, infants preferred Caucasian Australian mothers’ happy expressions. These findings suggest that 11-month-olds are sensitive to cultural differences in spontaneous infant-directed emotional expressions when they are combined with a difference in racial appearance.
Proteomic analysis identifies novel binding partners of BAP1
Authors: Baas Roy , J. van der Wal Fenna , Bleijerveld Onno B. , van Attikum Haico , Sixma Titia K.
Published: September 2021

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor and its loss can result in mesothelioma, uveal and cutaneous melanoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. BAP1 is a deubiquitinating enzyme of the UCH class that has been implicated in various cellular processes like cell growth, cell cycle progression, ferroptosis, DNA damage response and ER metabolic stress response. ASXL proteins activate BAP1 by forming the polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex which acts on H2AK119ub1. Besides the ASXL proteins, BAP1 is known to interact with an established set of additional proteins. Here, we identify novel BAP1 interacting proteins in the cytoplasm by expressing GFP-tagged BAP1 in an endogenous BAP1 deficient cell line using affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP-MS) analysis. Among these novel interacting proteins are Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) and all subunits of the heptameric coat protein complex I (COPI) that is involved in vesicle formation and protein cargo binding and sorting. We validate that the HAT1 and COPI interactions occur at endogenous levels but find that this interaction with COPI is not mediated through the C-terminal KxKxx cargo sorting signals of the COPI complex.
The influence of time pressure on translation trainees’ performance: Testing the relationship between self-esteem, salivary cortisol and subjective stress response
Authors: Rojo López Ana Mª , Cifuentes Férez Paula , Espín López Laura
Published: September 2021

Translators face hectic daily schedules with deadlines they must duly meet. As trainees they receive tuition on how to work swiftly to meet them efficiently. But despite the prominent role of time pressure, its effects on the translation process are still scarcely researched. Studies point to the higher occurrence of errors under stringent time constraints. Most of these studies use key-logging or eye-tracking techniques to identify the problems encountered. But no attempt has yet been made to measure the physiological effects of time pressure in English-to-Spanish translation and their interplay with trainees’ psychological state. The present study researches the influence of time pressure on translation by exploring trainees’ physiological response (i.e., salivary cortisol) and psychological traits (i.e., self-esteem and anxiety). 33 Spanish translation trainees translated 3 English literary texts under different time pressure conditions: Text 1 (no time limit), Text 2 (10 minutes), Text 3 (5 minutes). Regression analysis results showed that higher cortisol levels during preparation predicted higher number of meaning errors in Text 1 and lower number of translated words in Text 2 and 3. Besides, higher trait anxiety emerged as predictor of lower number of translated words, but higher accuracy under extreme time constraints and in the absence of time pressure. Higher self-esteem correlated with lower levels of anxiety and lower levels of cortisol during preparation and recovery, suggesting that it may act as a protective factor against stress. And yet, the regression analysis showed that higher self-esteem predicted lower meaning and total accuracy under extreme time pressure. Besides, in our correlation analysis self-esteem was positively related to the number of translated words in Text 2 and 3. Results suggest that even if self-esteem could be a protective factor against stress, it may also have a negative effect on task performance mediated by overconfidence.