bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of clinical and nerve conduction study correlation in patients of diabetic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Patil Manish , Dhruw Avon Kumar , Gupta Shashank
Published: July 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both with an increased risk of neuropathy. Early diagnosis and management of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are crucial as failure to diagnose can lead to serious consequences, including disability and amputation. Present study aimed at investigating the demographic profile and correlation of clinical features with nerve conduction studies in patients with diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The cross-sectional study design with total 66 patients of type 2 DM were selected in 30 to 60-year age groups, from Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Department of Medicine, Raipur (C.G.) (Pt. JNMMC) and associated hospital. Descriptive statistics and χ2 test were used for analysing the data.Results: Total 66 patients were selected, Most of the patients are presenting with tingling sensation (n=64, 97.0%) and burning feet (n=52, 78.8%), NCV is mostly absent in the tibial nerve (n=52, 78%), sural nerve (n=63, 95.5%) and planter nerve (n=41, 62.1%) while it is largely normal in median nerve (n=54, 81.8%) and ulner nerve (n=61, 92.4%). Tingling sensation, burning feet, diminished vibration sensation and diminished light touch are significantly associated (p=0.00) with NCV in different nerves.Conclusions: Limitations of study includes small sample size, lack of general population, and a control group. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness with an increased risk of neuropathy. NCS having high sensitivity and specificity for detection of DPN. Understanding the NCS and its correlates in patients with DPN is crucial for early detection and development of effective management and strategies to prevent its complications.
Evaluation of pancytopenia on bone marrow aspiration- study at a tertiary care center in Kashmir valley, India
Authors: Khan Subuh Parvez , Geelani Sajad , Khan Fiza Parvez , Ali Noorjahan , Akhter Shazieya , Shah Sumayya , Bashir Nusrat , Rasool Javid
Published: July 2018

Background: Pancytopenia refers to combination of anaemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. It may be a manifestation of a wide variety of disorders, which primarily or secondarily affect the bone marrow. However, aetiology of pancytopenia varies from one geographical region to another. Bone marrow aspiration plays an important role in identifying the cause of pancytopenia. This study was carried to identify the causes of pancytopenia and to find out the bone marrow morphology in cases of pancytopenia.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of haematology in a tertiary care center in Kashmir valley for a period of 3 years. Inclusion criteria: cases with hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl, total leucocyte count of less than 4000/mm3 and platelet count less than 100,000/mm3 were included in the study.Exclusion criteria: Patients receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy were excluded from the study. Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) was performed from posterior iliac crest of the patients. Bone marrow aspiration smears were stained with Leishman stain for microscopy.Results: A total of 334 cases were studied during a period of 3 years. Age of patients ranged from 1 year to 85 years with mean of 43.59 years.180 cases were male, and 154 cases were female with male:female ratio of 1.2 :1. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia seen in 103 cases (30.8%) followed by dual deficiency anemia seen in 69 cases (20.7%).37 cases (11%) were of acute leukaemia. Aplastic anemia was seen in 35 cases(10.5%). Other causes of pancytopenia were myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, iron deficiency anemia and hypersplenism.Conclusions: Bone marrow aspiration in patients of pancytopenia helps in the identification of the underlying cause in most of the cases. BMA is helpful for understanding the disease process; and in planning further investigations and management of cytopenia patients.
Renal resistivity index is inversely proportional to estimated glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gupta Animesh , Saxena Piyush , Narain Upma , Pandey Seema , Gupta Poonam , Gupta Arvind
Published: July 2018

Background: Renal resistive index (RRI) measured by Doppler ultrasonography has been associated with severity, rate of progression and mortality in chronic renal failure. Parameters like renal vascular resistance, ﬁltration fraction and effective renal plasma ﬂow have been associated with renal resistivity index in chronic kidney disease patients.Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to August 2017. 100 patients with chronic kidney disease were enrolled. RRI was calculated from the blood ﬂow velocities observed during Doppler examinations of the segmental arteries and estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient was used.Results: A Significant inverse correlation was observed between RRI and eGFR (r= -0.347, p =0.0004). It was also observed that older age (r= 0.297), higher systolic blood pressure (r= 0.365), lower levels of hemoglobin (r= -0.34 for males and r= -0.353 for females) were observed to correlate with higher values of RRI in advanced CKD stages.Conclusions: RRI correlated inversely with eGFR in chronic kidney disease and hence was directly related to the severity of the disease.
HbA1c as screening biomarker of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Pullakanam S. P. Tejaswi , Barla Krishna , Nekkala Ramakrishna , Pasupeleti Pullaiah
Published: July 2018

Background: Patients with diabetes are considered to be at high risk for dyslipidemia and hypertension and therefore vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases. This study describes the possible role of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipid profile as a biomarker for detecting cardiovascular diseases. The aim of present work is to study the role of HbA1c as a screening biomarker for dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Present study consists of 100 Type 2 DM patients between age 30-75 years along with age and sex matched 100 healthy controls. Fasting Blood samples were collected from all participants for measuring lipid profile, blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c.Results: Present study revealed a significantly increased level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in cases compared to control. HbA1c showed direct and significant correlations with cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL and inverse correlation with HDL in cases when compared to controls.Conclusions: HbA1c can be used as a potential biomarker for the prediction of Dyslipidemia and CVD.
Tuberculosis in elderly: The Indian perspective
Authors: . Nehal , Tiwari Supriya , Kothandapani Shyamala Krishnaswamy , . Usha , . Khena
Published: July 2018

Background: Tuberculosis, the leading infectious cause of morbidity, mortality worldwide. Elderly Tuberculosis accounts for a major proportion of these cases and are often neglected due to associated comorbidities and overlapping clinical features. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among elderly and medication adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study in patients with Tuberculosis ≥50 years registered under RNTCP, at a tertiary care hospital, South India, from January 2017 to December 2017. Clinical data collected, and medication adherence was assessed.Results: Out of the total 187 study population, 35 subjects were found to be ≥50 years with a prevalence of 18.7%. Pulmonary Tuberculosis was more common (82.8%). Majority of the subjects were sputum positive (77.14%). Comorbidities highest in patients >70years. Diabetes was the most significant comorbidity in all the age groups (48.57%) and patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis (p=0.04). Pulmonary Tuberculosis observed highest among smokers whereas extra pulmonary Tuberculosis found higher among alcoholics (33.3%). Treatment outcome was better in patients with hypertension compared to other comorbidities (p=0.014). Loss to follow-up was highest among smokers and in patients with bronchial asthma (40%). Present study showed moderate to low adherence to medication in elderly.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of Tuberculosis among elderly. Diabetes was the commonest comorbidity. Pulmonary Tuberculosis was significantly associated with smokers. Low adherence and loss to follow-up was high among elderly. We recommend comprehensive screening, treatment and follow-up especially in elderly with comorbidities for early diagnosis and better treatment outcome.
A comparative evaluation of blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in clinically manifested diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Ali Md. Mubasheer , Mohiuddin Ahmed
Published: July 2018

Background: It is very well established that tight control of diabetes reduces if not prevents the risk of neuropathy.  The benefit of other mode of therapy like myo- inositol supplementation and aldose reductase inhibitors remain to be established. Objective of present study to compare blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in clinically manifested diabetic neuropathy.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Department of General Medicine, from August 2016 to October 2017 among 60 patients of diabetic neuropathy. These patients were subjected thorough evaluation as per the proforma.Results: As per the blood sugar levels, 15% were normal. As per glycosylated hemoglobin levels, only one patient was found to be normal. Thus, glycosylated hemoglobin showed evidence of poor control more frequently than blood sugar estimation in these patients. Patients with both retinopathy and neuropathy in this study had diabetes mellitus for periods 2 months to 20 years.  (Mean 8.2yrs).  Thus, it can be seen that glycosylated hemoglobin is a more sensitive indicator of poor control of diabetes mellitus than blood sugar. This difference is statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusions: Thus, as an integral of diabetic control, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) estimation is superior to the conventional measures in assessment of control.
Validity of leukocyte esterase reagent (LER) strip in diagnosing infectious pleural effusion
Authors: Kalaisezhian N. , Irsath S. , Shankar R.
Published: July 2018

Background: Pleural fluid sampling and analysis are essential to confirm an infection. In a resource-limited health care setting or if biochemistries of the aspirated fluid are not available on an emergency basis, urine reagent strips applied to pleural fluid may expedite diagnostic information. Present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of leukocyte esterase reagent (LER) strip in diagnosing infectious pleural effusion and to correlate the reaction of LER strip with various stages of infectious effusions.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the medical ward of Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital for a period of one year. Pleural effusion patients with associated immuno-compromised conditions like diabetes mellitus, patients on steroids, HIV reactive patients, chronic obstructive lung disease were included for the study. A totalof 84 patients were included for the study. Exploratory thoracocentesis was done with an 8 mm needle and pleural fluid was obtained and sent for cell count and biochemical testing. The pleural fluid was also tested using the leukocyte esterase reagent strip. The results were recorded as 0, 1+, 2+, 3+ based on the density of violet colour.Results: The leukocyte esterase reagent strip test showed totally negative results in all patients with transudative pleural effusion and also in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion, whereas among patients with infectious pleural effusion other than tuberculosis LER strip test showed negative to only 15% of the patients and for remaining it ranged from 1+ to 3+. The validity of leukocyte esterase strip test was tested in comparison with the gold standard culture test. The accuracy of LER strip test was found to be 88.6%, and the sensitivity and specificity was 90.2% and 66.2% respectively.Conclusions: Reagent strips may speed up the bedside diagnosis of infectious effusions. However, where access to standard biochemical pleural fluid analysis is not available this dipstick tests would add value to the management of the patients.
Profile of exudative pleural effusion in the region of Bhuj people
Authors: Desai Vishal K. , Arora Rashmi S.
Published: July 2018

Background: Exudative pleural effusions are a common diagnostic problem in clinical practice, as the list of causes is quite exhaustive, although sometimes they can be inferred from the clinical picture. In the West the most common cause is Para pneumonic effusions followed by malignancy, while in India it is tubercular effusion followed by malignant effusion. Despite the availability of various tests, there is a need for deﬁning the best diagnostic and cost-effective approach to quickly diagnose and treat exudative pleural effusions. The objectives are to conduct a clinical and etiological study of exudative pleural effusion, to evaluate biochemical proﬁle, cytological proﬁle and radiological proﬁles of exudative pleural effusion.Methods: Prospective study of 100 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The demographic data was expressed as mean±standard deviation. Comparison between groups was done by Chi-Square test and Fischer exact test for categorical variables and Kruskar-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables.Results: There were 67 males and 33 females. The mean age was 41.6±15.74. The majority were tubercular in origin (67%),13%,8%,3%and 6% were malignant effusions, Synpneumonic effusion, pancreatic effusions and empyema respectively. Diagnosis was not established in 3% of effusions. Massive effusions were seen in 53.8% of malignant effusions and 33.3% of empyemas. Most effusions had a total cell count between 1000 to 5000 cells /mm3.Lymphocyte predominant effusions were seen in 84.6% and 89.6% of malignant and tubercular effusions. 61.5% of malignant effusions had a positive cytology. Tubercular effusion had a pleural ﬂuid ADA more than 40 IU/L. 92.3% of malignant effusion had pleural ﬂuid ADA less than 30IU.Conclusions: Pleural effusion is a commonly encountered in medical practice and in our country, the commonest cause is tuberculosis, as is evidenced from the present study. The initial step in evaluating case of pleural effusion is to establish the cause of pleural effusion which is done by a detailed history, clinical examination and investigations like a chest radiology and pleural ﬂuid analysis. Even in the advanced diagnostic approaches, still detailed clinical history and examination of the patient of the patient is important to make a clinical diagnosis. All suspected cases of pleural effusion should undergo Sonography of the thorax along with routine chest x-ray. Fluid cytology should be done to conﬁrm tuberculosis or to rule out malignancy, which guides the physician for further evaluation of the patient if required.
Critical evaluation of two approaches to achieve universal health coverage in India
Authors: Sriram Shyamkumar
Published: July 2018

The WHO report on the path to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) emphasizes that every person should receive the necessary healthcare without enduring financial hardship at the time of getting care. United Nations’ Sustainable Development agenda incorporates one goal (Goal 3) that is related to health and well-being of the population and one of the specific targets of the goal is to improve financial risk protection through the achievement of universal health coverage. More than 100 countries in the world have either started their reforms towards UHC or have already achieved it and India is one of the countries trying to achieve UHC. Out of the 1.324 billion people in India, only 11% of the population has any form of health insurance coverage. Around, 42% of India’s population is Below Poverty Line (BPL). Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana is a health insurance program started in 2007 that provides a wide range of healthcare services for BPL families. Rajiv Aarogyasri Community Health Insurance is a state health insurance program started in Andhra Pradesh as one of the first programs in India to provide health insurance to poor people. In India, 39 million people are being impoverished due to OOP health expenditures each year, and a quarter of these expenditures are contributed by hospitalization Out-of-pocket expenditures even after the financial protection provided by a number of health insurance programs. This review will critically evaluate the two health insurance approaches which aim to achieve UHC in India by providing health protection to the indigent.
Association of diet and physical activity with BMI among dental students in Puducherry
Authors: Radhika B. , Vrushabhendra H. N. , Surendar R. , Arthi S.
Published: July 2018

Background: Adolescence is the age where the influence of marketing world is high and choice of right food and exercise becomes hurdled. The World Health Organization alarm on increasing NCDs among adolescents ratifies the need for appropriate intervention at this age group. The objective of the study was to find out the association between diet and physical activity with body mass index (BMI) among dental students in Puducherry.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2016 among 85 dental students of Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Puducherry. A self administered semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information about diet and physical activity. Height and weight were measured for all participants to compute BMI.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 19.32 ± 0.6 yrs. Majority of them were females (76.5%). About 33% of students had normal BMI. Junk food consumption was 91.8% and 65% had habit of skipping meals. Only 38% of the students were doing regular physical activity. A significant association between calorie and protein intake with BMI categories viz: underweight, normal, overweight and obesity was observed (p<0.001). There was a significant association (OR=18.4, 95%CI-6.1, 54.6) between excess calorie intake and BMI but not between physical activity and BMI (OR=1.2, 95% CI-0.5, 3).Conclusions: Improper dietary habits including high calorie/protein intake was associated with increased BMI among the dental students. The role of regular physical activity alone as a single factor influencing variations in BMI among the students could not be established in the study.
Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections among under-fives in a rural community of Trivandrum district, Kerala
Authors: Sebastian Shaliet Rose
Published: July 2018

Background: More than 2 million children die from pneumonia each year, accounting for almost 18 percent of under five deaths worldwide. Childhood ARI is a significant public health problem in India, although robust epidemiological data are not available on its incidence. In recent years, the burden posed by ARI in underdeveloped and developing countries has stimulated global concern. The objective of the study was to study the occurrence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under the age of five years in Nellanad Panchayat, Trivandrum district and to study the factors associated with ARI in children under five years of age.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 children below the age of five years.Results: Occurrence of ARI was found to be 52%. A significant association was found between ARI and under-nutrition, low birth weight, poor breast feeding practices, poor parental education, exposure to passive smoking and inadequate indoor ventilation.Conclusions: The study points towards the importance of basic health promotional measures like good antenatal care, proper breast feeding practices, proper nutrition of the child and socio-economic improvement in prevention and control of ARI.
Interns willingness to serve in rural area: a cross sectional survey in a government medical college, Mysore
Authors: Jayashree Sajja , S. N. Manjunatha
Published: July 2018

Background: India's health workforce has a diversity of health workers offering health services in several systems of medicine. There is uneven distribution and this scarcity is due to both the disinclination of qualified private physicians to work in underserved areas and the inability of the public sector to adequately staff rural health facilities. The objective of the study was to assess willingness of interns to comply with their commitment of serving in a rural area after internship completion and to identify the factors which influence their decision regarding compulsory rural service.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among interns of a tertiary care hospital Mysore, India from September 2017-December 2017. Statistical methods like frequency, mean, proportions, Z test was used to analyze the data.Results: Amongst the 100 students who participated in the study, 42% were willing to comply with the bond of serving rural area for a period of 1 year against a penalty of 10 lakhs signed while enrolling to the course.Conclusions: Majority of the interns are still not willing to comply with the bond, therefore achieving mandatory posting as per government regulations still remains a challenge.
Study on disability limitation, rehabilitation and social needs of persons affected by leprosy in Kurnool division of Kurnool district
Authors: Guthi Visweswara Rao , Sreedevi A.
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects mainly the peripheral nerves. There is very little data on the types of problems faced by people with leprosy-related disabilities (PLD) and the resulting needs. So this study made an attempt to study the disability limitation, rehabilitation needs of persons affected by leprosy and to assess their dehabilitation status.Materials and Methods: This is a community based cross–sectional study conducted in Kurnool district. There were 296 registered persons affected by leprosy between May 2012 to October 2013 out of which 276 registered persons affected by leprosy were available for the study. Information collected was to assess the disability limitation, rehabilitation needs, social needs and to assess their dehabilitation status of the registered cases.Results: This study shown that out of 276 patients affected by leprosy, 65/276 (23.56%) of the study subjects had disabilities. Out of which 9.06 % had only Grade 1 and 14.50% had Grade 2 disability. 65 (100%) of the subjects having deformity needed skin care, 14 (21.53%) needed wound care, 31 (47.69%) needed joint care, 7 (10.76%) needed swelling care, 10 (15.38%) needed nerve care and 2 (3.07%) needed eye care. 15/254 (5.90%) suffered from high level of dehabilitation and 43/254 (16.93%) suffered from medium level of dehabilitation.Conclusions: Knowledge and practice among those needing self care practices were grossly deficient. The general health staff had not informed in most circumstances to persons affected by leprosy about self care practices in leprosy.High level of dehabilitation in the study population was present only in patients having visible deformity.
Assessment of adequately iodised salt consumption in Telangana state, India
Authors: Mathur Neeta , Pattnaik Snigdha , Sayed Saba , Das B. N.
Published: July 2018

Background: Salt used in the household is the most common way for iodine fortification to prevent the public health concerns of iodine deficiency disorders. The objective of the study was to assess household coverage with adequately iodized salt in Telangana State, India.Methods: Secondary data published in the District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 is analyzed.Results: Overall, 55.7 percent of the households were using cooking salt which was iodized at the recommended level of 15 ppm or more. Around 60.8 percent of households in urban areas used salt with 15 ppm or more iodine content compared with 51.9 percent of households in rural areas though the difference was not significant.Conclusions: The coverage of adequately iodized salt in the state was below the national average. To further expand the coverage of adequately iodized salt, researchers and policy makers should take action.
Assessment of diabetic risk among non-diabetic workers of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Aravind K. , Dixit Umesh R.
Published: July 2018

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterised by high blood sugar levels and is one of the major causes of premature illness and death worldwide. There is an inflation in number of people with diabetes from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. WHO has projected that DM is going to be 7th leading cause of death in 2030. 80% of diabetics live in low and middle income countries thereby increasing burden on their economy. Among the working population due to stress and lifestyle problems the toll is climbing in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs of society.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital. Sample size was 200 with class 1 and class 2 workers 100 each. Data was collected using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire after taking informed consent (IDRS). Data entered in Epidata v3.1 and analyzed using IBM SPSS v20.Results: Of the 200, majority 71% belonged to 36-49 years age group. Majority 67% were males and 73% had normal BMI. A high IDRS profile was found among 18.5% of study participants. Majority 68% had moderate risk profile in relation to IDRS.Conclusions: High risk score was found in 18.5% of study subjects and moderate risk score in 68% of study subjects who were non diabetic. This is the scenario among the class I and class II staff in health care industry. Intervention needed to prevent development of diabetes among the nondiabetic working population.
A study on obstetric care in a primary health center of South Assam district, India
Authors: Dey Ajit Kumar , Chutia Debojit
Published: July 2018

Background: Maternal and child health are critically important in a country that is experiencing high infant mortality and maternal mortality. Research all over the world has suggested that one of the major solutions to this problem is availability of Emergency Obstetric Care services within the reach of people. Objectives of the study were to examine profile of mothers who have delivered in health facility during a year and the interplay of various factors in child birth and newborn outcome.Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study conducted by collecting information in predesigned format from medical records. Appropriate statistical methods and test of significance performed for qualitative and quantitative variables.Results: Out of 539 women, the majority of 42.9% were in the age group 20-25 years, the mean age (SD) of mother was 24.1 years (±4.09). Out of total 539 vaginal deliveries, 56.6% cases episiotomy was performed. 41.6% deliveries occurred from 8 AM to 4 PM. The mean birth weight was 2.830 kg SD 0.439 and low birth prevalence 16.0%. Parity with time to delivery after admission in different age groups revealed significant association (X2=66.456, p=0.000). Women aged less than 20 years are 12 times more at risk of episiotomy performed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows 60.67% specificity and 85.59% sensitivity in predicting episiotomy.Conclusions: From study it is evident that women report to hospital late in labor hence there is urgent need to provide quality antenatal care services at village and PHC level and augment awareness among the community for promotion of safe motherhood.
GELDANAMİSİN VE TRİKOSTATİN A’NIN İNSAN MESANE KANSERİ HÜCRELERİ ÜZERİNE SİNERJİSTİK ETKİSİ
Authors: Varol Nuray , Çoban Nuran
Published: July 2018

AMAÇ: Isı şok protein 90 (IŞP), ATP-bağımlı moleküler bir
şaperon olup kanserin temel özellikleri olarak tanımlanan
çok sayıdaki onkogenik sinyal proteinlerinin stabilitesi ve
fonksiyonu için gereklidir. Bu nedenle, IŞP90 kanserin önlenmesi
ve tedavisi için moleküler bir terapötik hedef olarak
görülür. Geldanamisin (GA) ilk doğal IŞP90 inhibitörüdür.
IŞP90 inhibisyonu, kanser hücrelerinde apoptosisin
indüklenmesine neden olur ve kemoterapi direncinde bir
azalmaya eşlik edebilir. Bu çalışmada amacımız, Geldanamisin
(GA) ve Trikostatin A (TSA)’ın tek başlarına ve/veya
kombinasyonlarının kullanımının, insan mesane kanser
hücre hattı T24’de transkripsiyonel ve protein düzeyinde
apoptotik yolak üzerindeki sinerjik etkilerini araştırmaktır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Geldanamisin (0–30 µM)'nin hücre
canlılığı üzerine olan etkisi WST1 aracılığıyla
belirlenmiştir. Belirtilen ilaçların tek başlarına ve birlikte
kullanımlarının CASP3 geninin transkripsiyonel ifade
düzeylerindeki farklılıklar kantitatif eş zamanlı PCR
yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Kaspaz3, Bax ve Bcl2 genlerinin
translasyonel ifade düzeyleri ise western blot yöntemi ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir.
BULGULAR: Antiapoptotik gen Bcl2 ifadelenmesi, GA
ve GA+TSA kombinasyonu kullanımı sonrasında önemli
derecede azalmakta iken, kaspaz-3 ve Bax ifadelenmesi
kontrole göre translasyonel düzeyde artmıştır. Aynı
zamanda, Cas3 mRNA düzeyi de kontrole göre
artmıştır(p<0.05).
SONUÇ: GA+TSA kombinasyonu hücre proliferasyonunu
azaltmakta ve apoptoza indüklediği görülmüştür.
Bu nedenle, IŞP90 inhibitörlerinin mesane kanseri
tedavisinde yeni bir yaklaşım sunabileceğini
düşünmekteyiz.
THE UNIVERSAL LAW OF INVARIANT TRANSFORMATIONS IN SPACE OF CONTRARY AND CONTRADICTORY LOGICAL FORMS
Authors:   International Alexander Bogdanov Institute, Popkov V.
Published: July 2018

The article describes the features of the human mind in constructing logical categories and his ability to construct reality, which constitutes itself in the form of a network of interrelated logical categories belonging to contrary or contradictory type, based on the concept of constructivism. Consideration of the relationship between grammatical and logical forms leads to the understanding that the latter can manifest itself as combinatorial - topological structures that are well modeled by the trigrams and hexagrams of the ancient Chinese symbolism of the Book of Changes (I Ching). The use of such symbolism allows to identify linkages between structures, hidden in the analytical record through the expressive means of hexagrams. Subsequent application of operations of contrary and contradicting type allowed to identify four types of invariant transformations that are combinations of contrary and contradictory relations in a model space with a basis of two opposite elements, indicating new, previously hidden ontology of reality. In this ontology, invariants are not represented by objects but with transitions between different states, connecting contrary characteristics with contradictory ones. Examples from various fields of knowledge illustrate the fundamental role of a quad-state in a variety of real world processes.
ETHICAL CONTEXT OF DESIGNING EPISTEMIC OBJECTS
Authors:   Nizny Novgorod National Researcher University named by N.I. Lobachevsky, Bekarev A. , Pak G. ,   Nizny Novgorod National Researcher University named by N.I. Lobachevsky
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the problem of norms that regulate post-social relations. The term relations refers not to interactions with people, but to the actors as they are described by B. Later. In the sociology of things, actors are sociotechnical systems, interacting with each other. Socio-technical system consists of a person and technical devices. Another type of post-social relationship is represented by the interaction of a person with epistemic objects. The epistemic object is characterized by a constantly unfolding structure, is able to absorb knowledge in the process of interaction with a person, its development is unpredictable and increases the risks of human existence. The fundamental novelty of this object is that it was created by man and is a remarkably complicated technical artifact. A traditional ethical question arises: does a person have the right to design and create epistemic objects, which by their nature increase the risks of human existence. The question is rhetorical, because epistemic objects of a technical nature already exist. It should be acknowledged that humanity itself consists exclusively of epistemic objects that are of an organic nature. The child has all the properties of the epistemic object, but no one is suggesting not to have children on the grounds that their development is not predictable and does not guarantee a happy parenthood. It is no accident that researchers use sociological tools and socialization theories to study epistemic objects. Humanity today is at a new threshold. If, from the Renaissance, the transfer of the attributes of the divine to man has been carried out, is it now that human attributes are being attributed to the most complex information technology devices? It is proposed to analyze post-social relations in the ethical dimension. The authors believe that humanity will benefit more if it uses ethical norms to regulate post-social relations.
A alternância tu e você: cartas capixabas
Authors: Scherre Maria Marta Pereira , Yacovenco Lilian Coutinho , Scardua Juliana Rangel
Published: July 2018

Com base na Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]), o presente trabalho analisa a variação das formas pronominais tu e você, na posição de sujeito, em cartas capixabas do início do século XX. Para o tratamento quantitativo dos dados, utilizamos o programa GoldVarb X (SANKOFF; TAGLIAMONTE; SMITH 2005), que forneceu a frequência global de cada variante, bem como a significância estatística dos fatores sobre o uso dos pronomes de segunda pessoa do singular. Os resultados depreendidos da análise de 226 dados mostram: (1) alto índice de tu, (2) mudança de tratamento clara conforme o interlocutor, (3) favorecimento do tu como forma nula e nos tópicos de maior proximidade.
Gramática da Língua Portuguesa Padrão: com comentários e exemplários – redigida conforme o Novo Acordo Ortográfico, 1344 páginas – Amini Boainain Hauy, São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2014
Authors: Silva Alexandre José
Published: July 2018

Resenha a respeito da obra Gramática da Língua Portuguesa Padrão: com comentários e exemplários – redigida conforme o Novo Acordo Ortográfico, 1344 páginas – Amini Boainain Hauy, São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2014
Hydrogenation of CO2 over 15% Fe/SiO2 Catalyst under Sub- and Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Evdokimenko N. D. , Kim K. O. , Kapustin G. I. , Davshan N. A. , Kustov A. L.
Published: July 2018

The results of comparative studies of CO2hydrogenation over 15% Fe/SiO2catalyst under sub- and supercritical conditions are presented for the first time. The reaction was studied at 300–500 °C and atmospheric pressure in gas phase and at 95 atm under supercritical conditions. The molar H2: CO2ratio was 2 : 1. Under supercritical conditions, the selectivity to CO2decreased from 90–95 to 30–50 % at all temperatures, while the selectivity to hydrocarbons increased up to 60 %. The reaction under supercritical conditions, unlike gas-phase hydrogenation, produced alcohols. TG-DTG-DTA techniques were used to demonstrate 2.2-fold decrease in the quantity of carbon-like deposits in comparison to that in the gas-phase reaction. XRD studies revealed the formation of graphite-like species on the catalyst surface under gas-phase but not supercritical conditions. The developed process and catalyst for hydrogenation of CO2can be recommended to be further modified in order to improve the catalyst based on iron nanoparticles that is as expensive as 0.1–0.01 of the known catalysts for CO2hydrogenation.
Intervenções brancas na cidade multiétnica:Campinas(1888-1956)
Authors: Ghirello Bárbara Campidelli , Victal Jane
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre negros e brancos na cidade de Campinas entre os anos de 1888 e 1956, com o intuito de compreender as transformações urbanas pelas quais a cidade passou no período e quais foram as questões étnicas que interferiram neste processo. Através da retomada de acontecimentos e conjunturas que delinearam a construção de identidades afro-brasileiras e euro-brasileiras e da análise das intervenções urbanas propostas no recorte temporal, o artigo traz como resultado uma na   álise sobre o caráter branco e dominador do planejamento da cidade, que fez nascer um ambiente urbano restrito, inviabilizando possibilidades não-europeias de relação com o território.
Os Dragões de Caio Fernando Abreu: literatura engajada e a questão do Outro
Authors: Cayann Nícollas , Alós Anselmo Peres
Published: July 2018

Baseada majoritariamente nos conceitos de literatura engajada (SARTRE, 1948), a presente resenha trabalha a ideia de escrita engajada (social e política) em Caio Fernando Abreu, na coletânea de contos Os dragões não conhecem o paraíso,de 1988. A resenha busca estabelecer um diálogo entre a obra mencionada e a literatura engajada de Caio Fernando Abreu. Utilizando análise documental e revisão bibliográfica em seus cernes conceituais, teóricos e históricos, partindo de dados secundários e uma abordagem qualitativa, a resenha analisa o texto enfocando principalmente para a questão da alteridade e da presença dos fatores autobiográficos nas escolhas estética estabelecidas pelo autor em alguns dos treze contos que compõe o livro. A resenha trata ainda, de forma secundária, a questão da intertextualidade e das referências culturais que, neste livro em específico, são diversas e capazes de ampliar a compreensão do texto.
Maracanã como mídia urbana: as narrativas jornalísticas, apropriações e interações no torcer no “maior do mundo”
Authors: Brinati Francisco Angelo , Mostaro Filipe
Published: July 2018

A narrativa da construção do Maracanã para a Copa de 1950 foi recheada de disputas simbólicas e de tentativas de se impor novas representações para este espaço urbano. Neste artigo investigamos as narrativas presentes nos jornais O Globo, A Noite, Diário da Noite e Jornal dos Sports atentando para duas questões. A primeira é como a edificação do estádio se tornou um pilar essencial na elaboração discursiva da entrada do país na Modernidade. A segunda é indicar como o espaço urbano do estádio suscitou negociações simbólicas sobre o torcer e ocupar esta construção. Nossa argumentação é que o Maracanã se torna uma mídia urbana, palco para disputas das práticas existentes na cidade que comumente extrapolam o viés esportivo, englobando narrativas políticas, econômicas e sociais.
Arrhythmias in children with a single ventricle
Authors: Plotnikova I. V. , Dzhaffarova O. Yu. , Svintsova L. I. , Saushkin V. V. , Kovalev I. A.
Published: July 2018

Aim. The paper presents prevalence and disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction in children with a single ventricle (SV) at different stages of hemodynamic defect correction. It also analyzes risk factors of arrhythmia.

Materials and methods. A total of 70 patients with SV was performed all stages of hemodynamic correction of defect. To assess disorders of rhythm and conduction, echocardiography, pulseoxymetry, cardiac catheterization, pulmonary angiography, ECG, and Holter monitoring were performed before and after surgery on all children at every stage of hemodynamic correction.

Results. Absence of heart rhythm disturbances (HRD) at 1st stage of hemodynamic correction was 98.1%, at 2nd – 80%, at 3rd – 48.6% and at 4th – 41.5%. Sinus node dysfunction is the most often HRD from the second stage of hemodynamic correction. Statistical analysis showed significant decrease of saturation ((73 ± 12) и (81 ± 4)% correspondingly, p < 0.05) and increase of average pressure in the pulmonary artery after TCPC ((9.6 ± 4.2) and (11.5 ± 5.8)% correspondingly, p < 0.05) in children with heart rhythm disturbances in comparison to children without arrhythmias. The average age of children with arrhythmias after TCPC and after fenestration closure, correspondingly, was significantly higher than in the group of children without arrhythmias ((72 ± 43) mon and (52 ± 27) mon correspondingly, p < 0.05). Studies of arrhythmias in children with SV require follow-up as they significantly influence on the disease and life quality.
Removal of Heavy Metals, Nutrients and Sediment by a Stormwater Treatment Train; a Southeast Queensland, Medium-Density Residential Case Study
Authors: Drapper Darren , Hornbuckle Andy
Published: July 2018

Urban stormwater runoff from a medium-density residential development in southeast Queensland has been monitored in the field since November 2013. A treatment train installed on the site includes rainwater tanks collecting roofwater, 200-micron mesh baskets installed in grated gully pits and two 850 mm high media filtration cartridges installed in an underground 4 m3 vault. A monitoring protocol developed by research partners, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), guided the monitoring process over a 4.5-year period. Heavy metals were included in the list of analytes during the monitoring period as the catchment is within 1 km of the environmentally-sensitive Moreton Bay, Queensland. Removal efficiencies observed at this site for the regulated pollutants; total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) for the pit baskets were 61%, 28% and 45% respectively. The cartridge filters removed 78% TSS, 59% TP, 42% TN, 40% total copper and 51% total zinc. As the measured influent concentrations to the cartridge filters were low when compared to industry guidelines, the dataset was merged with international field results for TSS (n=39) and TP (n=32) but truncated within anticipated guideline levels. The combined dataset for the media filter demonstrates performance at 89% TSS, 66% TP and 42% TN. The total gross pollutant generation rate from the medium-density residential catchment was observed to be 0.24 m3/Ha/year, with a corresponding air-dried mass of 142.5 kg/Ha/year. Less than 2% of the gross pollutant mass was anthropogenic. The findings of this research suggest that the treatment train, and in particular the media filter, holds promise for the removal of total copper and total zinc, in addition to TSS, TP and TN, from urban stormwater runoff. Based on a maximum, low risk trigger TN concentration of 1.5 mg/L, the field test data from 4.5 years of operation and standard maintenance, suggests a 5.5-year replacement interval for the media filters.
Study of the behavior pattern, carbon reduction effect and business costs of electric motorcycles on island
Authors: Fang Shyang-Chyuan
Published: July 2018

Global warming and climate change have led to extreme changes in climatic conditions in recent years. The Taiwan government designates the construction of the Kinmen County as low carbon islands, to promote the operation of 100 electric motorcycles and battery demonstration. This study combined with island tourism, after boarding the island, visitors can rent electric motorcycles from the passenger service center and coordinate with the island tour map to show the location of the battery exchange points, so as to facilitate the search. During the operation, the amount of electric motorcycle lease is 15,551 times, the total mileage of motor vehicle is 284,404 km, the number of battery exchange is 622 times, the lease income is about NT$900,000. To reduce carbon and economic benefits of the assessment, compared to the motorcycles (50 c.c), electric motorcycles (EM 100) can reduce the carbon emissions by 8,726 kg, reducing energy costs of NT$422,594.
SPME Method Optimized by Box-Behnken Design for Impact Odorants in Reduced Alcohol Wines
Authors: Saha Bithika , Longo Rocco , Torley Peter , Saliba Anthony , Schmidtke Leigh
Published: July 2018

The important sampling parameters of a headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) procedure, extraction temperature, extraction time and sample volume were optimized to quantify 23 important impact odorants in reduced alcohol red and white wines. A three-factor design of Box-Behnken experiments was used to determine optimized sampling conditions for each analyte, and a global optimized condition at every ethanol concentration of interest determined using a desirability function that accounts for a low signal response for compounds. Shiraz and Chardonnay wines were dealcoholized from 13.7 and 12.2% v/v ethanol respectively, to 8 and 5% v/v, using a commercially available membrane-based technology. A sample set of the reduced alcohol wines were also reconstituted to their natural ethanol level to evaluate the effect of ethanol content reduction on volatile composition. The three-factor Box-Behnken experiment ensured an accurate determination of the headspace concentration of each compound at each ethanol concentration, allowing comparisons between wines at varying ethanol levels to be made. Overall, the results showed that the main effect of extraction temperature was considered the most critical factor when studying the equilibrium of reduced alcohol wine impact odorants. The impact of ethanol reduction upon the concentration of volatile compounds clearly resulted in losses of impact odorants from the wines. The concentration of most analytes decreased with dealcoholization compared to that of the natural samples. Significant differences were also found between the reconstituted volatile composition and 5% v/v reduced alcohol wines, revealing that the dealcoholization effect is the result of a combination between the type of dealcoholization treatment and reduction in wine ethanol content.
Influence of Different Meltable Binders on the Solid-State Behaviour and Dissolution Profiles of Solid Lipid Extrudates Processed Via Continuous Hot Melt Granulation
Authors: Gejage Santosh , Pawar Jaywant , Amin Purnima , Maniruzzaman Mohammed
Published: July 2018

Mere similar grades of same excipients manufactured by two different manufacturers often differ significantly that they even have an impact on the variations in final product or dosage form. Solid lipids are one of the most available options as matrix former in sustained drug delivery. Due to their chemical and physical complexity, lipids may exhibit a complex behaviour (i.e. melting crystallization and polymorphism). The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of two Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) lipids (Geleol from Gattefosse and Capmul GMS 50K from Abitec Corp. USA) and how these properties may affect during melt granulation process for sustained release applications. Thermal processing was applied on GMS samples to understand the polymorphic nature and suitability as meltable binders. Niacin was used as model drug. A thorough evaluation of GMS samples and sustained release tablets was undertaken using analytical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, melt viscosity study assisted to apprehend the behaviour of GMS samples in hot melt extrusion processing. Surface morphology of the drug and extruded granules examined via SEM and AFM revealed high level of surface interaction and dense structure of drug inside lipid matrix. The DSC and XRD study confirmed that Geleol could not withstand the heat treatment applied during thecontinuous melt granulation processing. The shifting of stable β form to an unstable α form in Geleol was detected. In the contrary case, Capmul GMS 50K was able to withstand the heat treatment supported by the applied analytical techniques. Nonetheless,both GMS samples perform differently in final dosage form. This change in stable β form to an unstable α form affected dissolution profiles at 3 months storage in accelerated condition. This study helped to interpret the complex solid-state behaviour of solid lipid extrudates with different compositions, in order to the simply and outline a suitable formulation strategy for the development of lipid-based oral dosage forms.