bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counting What Counts: Assessing Quality of Life and its Social Determinants Among Nursing Home Residents with Dementia
Authors: Hoben Matthias , Dymchuk Emily , Doupe Malcolm B , Keefe Janice , Aubrecht Katie , Kelly Christine , Stajduhar Kelli , Banerjee Sube , O'Rourke Hannah M , Chamberlain Stephanie , Beeber Anna , Salma Jordana , Jarrett Pamela , Arya Amit , Corbett Kyle , Devkota Rashmi , Ristau Melissa , Shrestha Shovana , Estabrooks Carole A
Published: October 2023

Background
Maximizing quality of life (QoL) is a major goal of care for people with dementia in nursing homes (NHs). Social determinants are critical for residents' QoL. However, similar to the United States and other countries, most Canadian NHs routinely monitor and publicly report quality of care, but not resident QoL and its social determinants. Therefore, we lack robust, quantitative studies evaluating the association of multiple intersecting social determinants with NH residents’ QoL. The goal of this study is to address this critical knowledge gap.
Methods
We will recruit a random sample of 80 NHs from 5 Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario). We will stratify facilities by urban/rural location, for-profit/not-for-profit ownership, and size (above/below median number of beds among urban versus rural facilities in each province). In video-based structured interviews with care staff, we will complete QoL assessments for each of ~4,320 residents, using the DEMQOL-CH, a validated, feasible tool for this purpose. We will also assess resident’s social determinants of QoL, using items from validated Canadian population surveys. Health and quality of care data will come from routinely collected Resident Assessment Instrument – Minimum Data Set 2.0 records. Knowledge users (health system decision makers, Alzheimer Societies, NH managers, care staff, people with dementia and their family/friend caregivers) have been involved in the design of this study, and we will partner with them throughout the study. We will share and discuss study findings with knowledge users in web-based summits with embedded focus groups. This will provide much needed data on knowledge users' interpretations, usefulness and intended use of data on NH residents’ QoL and its health and social determinants.
Discussion
This large-scale, robust, quantitative study will address a major knowledge gap by assessing QoL and multiple intersecting social determinants of QoL among NH residents with dementia. We will also generate evidence on clusters of intersecting social determinants of QoL. This study will be a prerequisite for future studies to investigate in depth the mechanisms leading to QoL inequities in LTC, longitudinal studies to identify trajectories in QoL, and robust intervention studies aiming to reduce these inequities.
Cascading correlations: a configurational approach to unpacking wicked problems
Authors: Ebbs Geoff , Sanzogni Louis , Houghton Luke
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This paper presents an approach for teasing out relationships between concepts when exploring complex fields of enquiry. It presents a simple, numerical approach to configurational analysis by identifying clusters of correlations between concepts, rather than the more intensive process of finding the conceptual clusters in the texts themselves.
Design
The approach was developed through the application of Hamming Distance calculations to crosstabs of standard thematic coding and has been refined and verified through application to a series of case studies and through comparison with the outcomes of other approaches.
Findings
The approach consistently identifies resonance and dissonance between diverse stakeholders with incompatible paradigms. The case studies used to verify this, examined the concepts employed by researchers and practitioners in sustainability transitions in small food businesses and stakeholders in the food export sector. The resonance identified offers starting points for dialogue based on common interests.
Originality/value
The approach is a common-sense extension of mixed-methods cluster-analysis using a configurational lens to identify sets of concepts that are associated with distinct paradigms. In addition to unpacking different viewpoints, it offers additional value as a precursor for comparative analysis that can identify areas of agreement and disagreement and so navigate collaborative pathways through complex problems.
Trends of Medicare Reimbursement for Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Siotos Charalampos , Seu Michelle Y , Frauchiger-Ankers Reilly , Delmastro Lauren E , O’Donoghue Cristina , Madrigrano Andrea , Alvarado Rosalinda , Perez Claudia B , Hood Keith C , Shenaq Deana S , Kokosis George , Kurlander David E
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Prior studies have shown a decrease in Medicare reimbursements in some surgical disciplines; however, it is unclear as to how the reimbursement of breast cancer surgeons and the hospitals they operate in have been affected by changes in the healthcare economy over time. This study evaluated trends in Medicare reimbursement for breast oncologic and reconstructive surgery.
Methods
We identified the CPT codes representing a wide variety of breast oncologic and reconstructive procedures performed at our institution from 2010–2021. These CPT codes were used to identify relevant information within the Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid. Average national relative value units (RVUs) for physician-based work, facilities, and malpractice were collected along with the corresponding conversion factors for each year. Consumer price index and general inflation for each year were used to adjust values.
Results
From 2010 to 2021, there was an overall average decrease of 14.76% in Medicare reimbursement for both breast oncology (-11.41%) and reconstructive procedures (-16.38%). During this period there was an adjusted compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -1.49, indicating an average annual decrease in reimbursement for the selected procedures. Meanwhile, there was a 2.34% increase of physician-based work RVUs, an 8.01% increase of facility-based RVUs, and a 33.11% increase of malpractice-based RVUs on average per procedure.
Conclusion
Over the past decade, Medicare reimbursement rates for breast surgeries have decreased. Based on these findings, breast and reconstructive surgeons should advocate for reimbursement that better reflects the costs of their practice.
Early outcomes of minimally invasive surgery versus thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer patients with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: a multi-center propensity score- matched study
Authors: Pan Hanbo , Chen Hang , Ge Zhen , Ning Junwei , Kong Weicheng , Tian Yu , Zou Ningyuan , Zhu Hongda , Zhang Jiaqi , Tao Yixing , Gu Zenan , Jiang Long , Zheng Min , Zhou Chengwei , Ruan Guomo , Li Ziming , Hu Yingjie , Huang Jia , Xu Guodong , Luo Qingquan
Published: October 2023

Background
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) but may notably escalate the surgery’s intricacy. Consequently, the sufficiency of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) remains controversial. This study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of MIS for NSCLC patients after induction immunochemotherapy.
Methods
NSCLC patients with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy who underwent MIS or open lobectomy at six institutions from 2019 to 2023 were retrospectively identified. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline clinical characteristics.
Results
A total of 186 cases were included, and PSM led to 84 patients in MIS and OPEN groups. The baseline clinical characteristics and induction-related adverse events were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.050). 11.9% of MIS converted to thoracotomy. By comparison, the MIS group was associated with reduced blood loss (100 [100–125] vs. 100 [100–200] mL, P = 0.011), shortened chest tube duration (5 [4–7] vs. 6 [5–8] days, P = 0.007), and decreased assessed lymph nodes (LNs; 12 [9–15] vs. 14 [11–20], P = 0.007) compared with the OPEN group. The two groups had no difference in the other surgical and pathological outcomes (all P > 0.050). Finally, MIS reduced postoperative complications compared with thoracotomy (23.8% vs. 39.3%, P = 0.031)
Conclusion
MIS is safe and feasible for NSCLC patients with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, with the advantages of lower blood loss, faster recoveries, and fewer postoperative complications and the disadvantage of LN assessment compared with thoracotomy.
Viscosity Measurements on Natural Gas: Re-evaluation
Authors: Herrmann Sebastian , Vogel Eckhard
Published: October 2023

Previous experimental viscosity data for natural gas, published by Schley et al. [Int. J. Thermophys. 25, 1623 (2004)] and originally obtained using a vibrating-wire viscometer in the temperature range between 260 K and 320 K, were re-evaluated after an improved re-calibration. For this purpose, a new reference value for the viscosity of argon at 298.15 K and at zero density, proposed by Vogel et al. [Mol. Phys. 108, 3335 (2010)] and further updated by Hellmann [private communication (2020)], was applied. In addition, the density computed from the measured temperatures and pressures was determined using the equation of state by Kunz and Wagner [J. Chem. Eng. Data 57, 3032 (2012)] instead of employing a calculation according to the International Standard ISO 12213 nowadays out of date.
Preparation of oil-soluble lanthanum trifluoride nanoparticles and investigation of their tribological properties as well as tribomechaism in different base oils
Authors: Wu Tao , Fan Shuguang , Song Ningning , Zhang Yujuan , Yu Laigui , Zhang Shengmao
Published: October 2023

Lanthanum trifluoride nanoparticles surface-modified by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were prepared by a liquid-phase chemical route. The tribological behaviors of the as-prepared D2EHPA-LaF3 as the nano-additive in weakly polar mineral base oils 150N and poly-alpha-olefin (PAO6) as well as relatively strongly polar synthetic ester oil diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS) were evaluated with a four-ball friction and wear tester. The morphology of the worn steel surfaces as well as the composition and chemical state of typical elements thereon were analyzed by three-dimensional profilometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and the tribomechanism of the nano-additive was discussed with a view to its participation in tribochemical reactions and self-repairing effect for worn steel surfaces. The results indicate that the as-prepared D2EHPA-LaF3 nanoparticles exhibit good dispersion stability in the three kinds of tested base oils, which is due to the improvement in their compatibility with the base oils after surface-capping by the organic modifier. Besides, at a mass fraction of 0.2%, the nano-additive can improve the tribological properties of the three kinds of tested base oils to the maximum extent. This is because, on the one hand, the organic modifier D2EHPA can participate in tribochemical reactions together with the freshly exposed metal surfaces and the released LaF3 nano-core to form a tribofilm consisting of iron phosphate, iron oxides, lanthanum fluoride, and lanthanum oxide, thereby improving the anti-wear ability of the base oils. On the other hand, LaF3 nano-core can be released from D2EHPA-LaF3 nano-additive and deposited on worn steel surfaces to exert self-repairing effect, which also contributes to reducing the friction and wear of the steel-steel sliding contact.
Are southern temperate urban natural forests a suitable habitat for beetle diversity? A case study in Chile
Authors: Tello Francisco , Tello-Arriagada Cristobal , Olivares Fernanda , LeQuesne Carlos , Barahona-Segovia Rodrigo M. , Montalva Cristian
Published: October 2023

Urban expansion is an important cause of biodiversity loss due to habitat destruction involving the replacement of the natural environment with anthropic infrastructure. However, recent studies suggest that the harmonious growth of cities could allow the persistence of biological diversity within them. Thus, some cities, especially those that contain remnant forests that preceded their expansion, could harbor high levels of biodiversity. These remnant forests, i.e., urban natural forests (UNFs), are refuges for native species, providing suitable habitat conditions for population stability. However, traditional ecological studies have focused on natural and planted forests, so our knowledge of ecological dynamics in UNFs is still limited. Here, we explore the suitability of a temperate UNF for saproxylic beetles. These beetles are deadwood-dependent, highly diverse trophic groups that commonly inhabit natural forest ecosystems. However, saproxylic beetle diversity has been understudied in urban forest ecosystems. We analyzed the species richness, abundance, and seasonal variation of saproxylic beetles, including their most important trophic guilds, associated with urban forests. For this purpose, we monitored standing dead trees monthly between December 2019 and December 2022, using trunk window (flight interception) traps. Additionally, we measured qualitative and quantitative habitat attributes to evaluate the preferences of these insects in the UNF. We used generalized linear models as statistical methods to estimate saproxylic beetle habitat preferences. We collected 1273 individuals, belonging to 43 families and 195 saproxylic species/morphospecies. We found that diversity and abundance were strongly influenced by seasonality and the degree of decomposition of deadwood, with increased diversity and abundance in warmer months and highly decomposed trees. Our data show that UNFs harbor a high diversity of saproxylic species and are therefore suitable habitats and that the factors that regulate these assemblages are homologous to those of natural forests. Finally, our research provides evidence useful for the establishment of conservation and management practices to promote high diversity in UNFs, for example increasing the amount and quality of deadwood.
Rural Non-farm Employment in Uttar Pradesh: A Regional level study based on NSSO and PLFS Data
Authors: Hashmi Shadab
Published: October 2023

The study examines the drivers of rural non-farm self-employment in Uttar Pradesh, India. The state has considerable regional diversity in the structure and growth of the rural non-farm sector (RNFS), which is the main driver of job growth in the rural economy. The western region is one of the fastest expanding regions, while the southern region has lagged behind. The study uses a multinomial logit model to analyze the determinants of non-farm employment across different regions. The analysis highlights regional differences within the state and makes an effort to account for these differences. The study concludes that the variables influencing the rise in non-farm employment vary across regions, with demand-pull factors playing a role in the western region and distress-push factors in the central and southern regions. In Uttar Pradesh, we observed that a higher proportion of the casual workforce and stagnation of rural manufacturing activities are more pronounced in the southern region of the state compared to the western part, which all contributed to the casualization of the rural workforce. It is also found that a significant number of educated, landowning, and socially dominant caste people were diversifying their employment in the rural non-farm sector in western Uttar Pradesh, whereas such transitions were nonexistent in the southern region.
JEL Classification: R11, J21, J24
The metal-poor atmosphere of a Neptune/Sub-Neptune planet’s progenitor
Authors: Barat Saugata , Desert Jean-Michel , Vazan Allona , Baeyens Robin , Line Michael R. , Fortney Jonathan J. , David Trevor J. , Livingston John H. , Jacobs Bob , Panwar Vatsal , Shivkumar Hinna , Todorov Kamen , Pino Lorenzo , Mraz Georgia , Petigura Erik
Published: October 2023

Young transiting exoplanets offer a unique opportunity to character- ize the atmospheres of fresh and evolving products of planet for- mation. We present the transmission spectrum of V1298 Tau b; a 23 Myr old warm Jovian sized planet orbiting a pre-main sequence star. We detect a primordial atmosphere with an exceptionally large atmospheric scale height and a water vapour absorption at 5σ level of significance. We estimate a mass and density upper limit (24±5M⊕, 0.12gm/cm3 respectively). V1298 Tau b is one of the lowest density planets discovered till date. We retrieve a low atmospheric metallicity (logZ=−0.1+0.66 −0.72 solar), con- sistent with solar/sub-solar values. Our findings challenge the expected mass-metallicity from core-accretion theory. Our observations can be explained by in-situ formation via pebble accretion together with ongoing evolutionary mechanisms. We do not detect methane, which hints towards a hotter than expected interior from just the for- mation entropy of this planet. Our observations suggest that V1298 Tau b is likely to evolve into a Neptune/sub-Neptune type of planet
Intervention for Critical Aortic Stenosis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
Authors: Gordon Leslie B. , Basso Sammy , Maestranzi Justine , Aikawa Elena , Clift Cassandra , Cammardella Antonio Giovanni , Danesi Tommaso Hinna , Nido Pedro J. del , Edelman Elazer R. , Hamdy Abeer , Hegde Sheila M. , Kleinman Monica E. , Maschietto Nicola , Mehra Mandeep R. , Mukundan Srinivasan , Musumeci Francesco , Russo Marco , Rybicki Frank J. , Shah Pinak Bipin , Suarez William A. , Tuminelli Kelsey , Zaleski Katherine , Prakash Ashwin , Gerhard-Herman Marie
Published: October 2023

Background
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is an ultra-rare genetic premature aging disease that is historically fatal in teenage years, secondary to severe accelerated atherosclerosis. The only approved treatment is the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib, which improves vascular structure and function, extending lifespan by several years. With this longer lifespan, calcific aortic stenosis (AS) was identified as an emerging critical risk factor for cardiac death in older patients. Intervention to relieve critical AS in those with HGPS has the potential for immediate improvement in healthspan and lifespan. However, in the face of cardiovascular pathology that is seen almost exclusively in aging adults, HGPS patient-device size mismatch, pervasive peripheral arterial disease, skin and bone abnormalities, and lifelong failure to thrive present unique challenges to intervention.
Main Body:
An international group of HGPS experts and leaders in pediatric and adult cardiology, cardiac surgery, and pediatric critical care convened to discuss pivotal features of AS progression in HGPS, identifying challenges to and strategies for successful treatment. Candidate procedures were evaluated by in-depth examination of 4 cases of end stage classic HGPS with critical calcific AS that typify the pathology that necessitates individualized surgical risk/benefit assessments. Modified transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and left ventricular Apico-Aortic Conduit (AAC) placement were deemed high risk but viable options. Two cases received TAVR and 2 received AAC post-summit. Three were successful and 1 patient died perioperatively due to cardiovascular disease severity, highlighting the importance of intervention timing and comparative risk stratification.
Conclusions
Modified TAVR and AAC breakthrough interventions for treatment of critical aortic stenosis in HGPS patients could rewrite the current clinical perspective on disease course by greatly improving late-stage quality of life and increasing average lifespan. Expanding worldwide medical and surgical competency for this ultra-rare disease through expert information-sharing could have a high impact on treatment success.
Kullanımda Olan 2,5 MW Kapasiteli Bir Rüzgâr Türbininden Veri Toplanması, Sistem Tanımlama ve Model Güncelleme
Authors: ÖZTÜRKOĞLU Onur , TANER Yaşar , YURTSEVEN Veysel , ÖZÇELİK Özgür , GÜNEL Serkan
Published: October 2023

Rüzgâr enerjisi, dünya genelinde hızla artan enerji ihtiyacı ve bu ihtiyacın çevreci çözümlerle giderilmesi gerekliliğiyle önemini her geçen gün arttırmaktadır. Kısa zamanda daha çok enerji üretebilen görece büyük rüzgâr türbinleri, rüzgâr enerji potansiyelinin fazla olması nedeniyle deprem bölgelerinde de inşa edilmektedir. Rüzgâr türbinlerinin ekonomik ömrü boyunca operasyonel kalabilmesi için yapısal bütünlüğünün izlenmesi ve dinamik özelliklerinin değişken operasyonel ve çevresel faktörler altında belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kullanımda olan 2,5 MW üretim kapasiteli bir rüzgâr türbini için özgün veri toplama sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Sistemin kendi sensörlerinin topladığı ivme, sıcaklık ve nem verilerine ek olarak türbin SCADA sisteminden alınan rüzgâr hızı, rüzgâr yönü, rotor hızı, nasel yönü, pitch açısı ve anlık enerji üretim değeri verileri senkronize olarak kaydedilmiştir. Farklı çevresel ve operasyonel koşullar altında toplanan ivme verileri ile operasyonel modal analizler yapılmış ve türbinin dinamik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Son olarak mod frekanslarının çevresel ve operasyonel faktörler ile ilişkisi de göz önünde bulundurularak, türbinin sayısal modeli güncellenmiştir.
Method for investigating closed-loop hydraulic transmission with accumulator maintenance of overpressure in the suction line of a pump
Authors: Bazanov S. A. , Anferov V. N.
Published: October 2023

The  aim  of  the  study  is  to  verify  the  operability,  reliability  and  functionality  of  a  closed-loop  hydrostatic transmission, which enhances the durability of the hydraulic drive by isolating the working ﬂuid from atmospheric air and maintaining  excess  pressure  at  the  pump  inlet.  The  selected  research  object  is  a  closed-loop  hydrostatic  transmission conﬁguration, where drain leakage return is carried out by an ejector pump, while a hydropneumatic accumulator serves as a closed hydraulic reservoir that maintains excess pressure. Theoretical relationships for the designed components of the hydraulic system were derived using mathematical modelling by equations of normal dimensionless hydraulic numbers and a Microsoft Excel package. Design methods of continuity and modiﬁcation were applied to construct the test bench. Based on existing research, the inﬂuence of various contaminants on the system failure characteristics was determined, and the positive effect of the purity of the working ﬂuid on the durability and reliability of the hydraulic drive was highlighted. An overview of existing open, combined open-closed and closed hydrostatic transmissions revealed their disadvantages in terms of ensuring ﬂuid purity. A proposed hydraulic schematic formed the basis for designing and manufacturing a test stand for investigating the closed-loop hydrostatic transmission. Criteria for selecting the pneumatic-hydraulic accumulator were deﬁned, and a methodology for calculating parameters was substantiated. A versatile design of the ejector pump, operating under various ﬂow pressure conditions, was developed, including replaceable components for the ﬂow section (nozzles, mixing chambers, throats and confusers). The test program and methodology involve four test algorithms: stand preparation, tests without drain leakage, tests with maximum allowable drain leakage, and tests with intermediate drain leakage volumes, resulting in a total of one hundred sixty experiments. This study allows the feasibility of applying the presented closed-loop hydrostatic transmission in various types of machinery to be assessed.
Investments in Human Capital: intellectual, organizational physical resources
Authors: Silkin V. V. , Sharkov F. I. , Kireeva O. F.
Published: October 2023

The object of the study is the investment in human capital. Subject – new forms of investment in human capital in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors influencing the diffusion of innovations and digital technologies on the effectiveness of investments in human capital. The research is based on general scientific methods and a review of foreign scientific literature. As a result of the study the authors declare the necessity of accumulation of human capital and optimization of its use to provide the economic development of organizations, regions and the country as a whole in modern conditions. The development of information and communication technologies leads to an increase in the role of human capital, including its convergent components: physical capital; intellectual human resources and organizational capital. At the same time, there is an urgent need to conduct an inventory of human resources at the level of organizations and local government. Such transformations are possible only through continuous improvement of the quality of educational potential, which will help maintain the quality of human capital indicators in the relevant entities at the proper level. It is concluded that human resources, when developed and properly used, easily converge with each other, which contributes to the rapid accumulation of human capital. Investments in a changing socio-economic environment, saturated with digital technologies and elements of artificial intelligence that ensure faster monetization and practical application of human capital.
Digital transformation and prospects for the development of Russian periodicals (based on industry report)
Authors: Molodtsov I. N. , Korneeva E. N.
Published: October 2023

This paper highlights the results of a study on the topic “Transformation of revenue of enterprises in the publishing industry of the Russian Federation (media companies, publishing houses) in 2022 and the digital competencies of editorial offices”. Theoretical and applied methods used: statistical and economic analysis of data, synthesis, empirical and analytical generalization, and interviewing publishing business executives (periodical press segment). No of publishing houses participated in the interview from different cities of Russia – 152. Based on the study the authors propose an overview of the currenct state of affairs and outline the main trends in the development of the Russian periodical press as an industry, including its active digital transformation and prospects. At the end and based on thecollected data the authors formulate the recommendations for the further successful functioning of the periodicals.
The Electoral System of Modern Russia: history and prospects for development
Authors: Sharkov F. I. , Ponedelkov A. V.
Published: October 2023

The institution of elections ensures the free expression of the citizens’ will. However, the electoral system in Russia is going through a difficult period faced with the need to adapt to the current global reality and the growing influence of network communications. Its modernization will largely depend on understanding its history. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive historical and political analysis of the development of the electoral system in modern Russia. The results show that the current electoral institution had a significant impact on the formation and consolidation of the Russian political system at the beginning of the 21st century and on overcoming the consequences of the post-Soviet political transformation. The paper offers a review of the key approaches to overcoming the current problems of the electoral system, including the introduction of modern information and communication technologies into the electoral process, as well as issues of consolidating these technologies, electronic voting mechanisms and digital communications in Russian electoral law.
Ballistic macroscopic fluctuation theory
Authors: Doyon Benjamin , Perfetto Gabriele , Sasamoto Tomohiro , Yoshimura Takato
Published: October 2023

We introduce a new universal framework describing fluctuations and correlations in quantum and classical many-body systems, at the Euler hydrodynamic scale of space and time. The framework adapts the ideas of the conventional macroscopic fluctuation theory (MFT) to systems that support ballistic transport. The resulting “ballistic MFT” (BMFT) is solely based on the Euler hydrodynamics data of the many-body system. Within this framework, mesoscopic observables are classical random variables depending only on the fluctuating conserved densities, and Euler-scale fluctuations are obtained by deterministically transporting thermodynamic fluctuations via the Euler hydrodynamics. Using the BMFT, we show that long-range correlations in space generically develop over time from long-wavelength inhomogeneous initial states in interacting models. This result, which we verify by numerical calculations, challenges the long-held paradigm that at the Euler scale, fluid cells may be considered uncorrelated. We also show that the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem for non-equilibrium ballistic transport follows purely from time-reversal invariance of the Euler hydrodynamics. We check the validity of the BMFT by applying it to integrable systems, and in particular the hard-rod gas, with extensive simulations that confirm our analytical results.
How job stress happens among bank tellers in Cambodia
Authors: Nantavisit Nuttaprachya , Kim Long , Fern Yeo Sook , Pongsakornrungsilp Siwarit
Published: October 2023

In the professional activity of a bank teller, the palette of emotional states is extremely large, but the dominant state is the state of emotional tension, which depends on the nature of the performed actions, professional experience and motivation of the employee. This study examines the consequences of occupational stress on employee motivation and job satisfaction across different organizational contexts. It focuses on the role conflict, supervisor support, work-family conflict, and job stress experienced by bank tellers in Cambodia. Data were collected from a sample of 649 tellers working in various Cambodian banks using the snowball sampling technique. The results show that role conflict and supervisor support have a significant impact on work-family conflict, which in turn affects the levels of workplace stress experienced by tellers. Role conflict is identified as the primary factor contributing to occupational stress. The study suggests that banks should address inter-role conflicts among tellers to reduce stress levels and promote a more efficient workplace atmosphere.
Google Translate in EFL Freshmen’s Writing Assignments: Uses, Awareness of Benefits and Drawbacks, and Perceived Reliance
Authors: Moelyono Timotius Pradana A. , Murtisari Elisabet Titik , Kurniawan Daniel , Thren Andrew
Published: October 2023

Although technology use is inevitable among language learners, using Machine Translation (MT), such as Google Translate (GT), remains controversial in language learning. Despite its advances, it may be detrimental to L2 learning when used excessively, especially for those with more limited linguistic resources. This research examines first-year EFL students’ autonomous use of GT in writing assignments. It assesses their reliance on the technology by examining their awareness of GT’s advantages and disadvantages. As many as 85 Indonesian EFL first-year students participated in this study by completing questionnaires consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions. Highlighting the dynamic role of Google Translate (GT) in students’ language learning, this study reveals how various factors have contributed to its notably significant usage. While most participants reported using GT only occasionally and mainly at the word level, their use for translating longer texts was significantly higher than in previous research involving students at different English competence levels. Additionally, boosting confidence, convenience, and serving as language scaffolding were identified as GT’s main benefits, leading to students’ reliance on technology. Most expressed potential difficulty working without GT. Recommendations were made to support less-proficient students amidst the increasing use of MT in language education.
Dual system of water safety plan auditing in Hungary: benefits and lessons learnt
Authors: Bufa-Dőrr Zsuzsanna , Sebestyén Ágnes , Izsák Bálint , Schmoll Oliver , Pándics Tamás , Vargha Márta
Published: October 2023

A risk-based approach is recognised worldwide as the most reliable means for the provision of safe drinking water. Efficient implementation of the water safety plan (WSP) approach, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), is facilitated by an auditing framework. In Hungary, development of WSPs is a legal obligation for water suppliers. WSPs are subject to a two-stage regulatory audit, a consultative central technical audit and a formal local audit. In 2019, a survey was conducted in cooperation with WHO to evaluate audit experiences of over 1,200 WSPs. Recommendations from the central audit significantly improved coherence and compliance of WSPs, confirming the efficiency of the dual approach. The use of a WSP template provided by the national authority further increased consistency and reduced time and work demand of the audit. Both water suppliers and public health authorities indicated a need for further capacity building on WSP development and auditing. The main challenge for water suppliers is the identification and risk assessment of hazards associated with the water source and distribution within premises. The recast European Union drinking water regulation is expected to accelerate the uptake of WSP and strengthen linkages to water catchment management and water safety in buildings.
Effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pool environments on the immunological mechanisms of respiratory diseases
Authors: Lee Bo-Ae
Published: October 2023

Swimming in pools is a popular and healthy recreational activity. However, potential adverse health effects from disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure in pool water are concerning. This study evaluated how such DBP exposure affects the respiratory system. DBP exposure was simulated with an animal-specific pool environment model. Experimental animals were exposed to DBPs for a specified duration and frequency over 4 weeks. The wet and dry weights of murine lungs were measured, with no significant differences observed. There were no significant differences in interkeukin (IL)-2/4/10, and interferon-γ levels. However, IL-6 expression decreased in the experimental group. To investigate the effects of DBP exposure on immune cell response, various samples, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus, were collected for T-cell isolation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Asthma-related blood cell distribution was analyzed using a complete blood count test; no significant differences were found. Thus, DBP exposure through this model did not induce substantial lung tissue damage, major alterations in cytokine expression (besides IL-6), significant immune cell responses, or changes in asthma-associated blood cell distribution. However, considering earlier results, future studies should focus on specific types, intensity, and duration of exercise that could affect DBP exposure-related immune-inflammatory responses.
Marine Biosurfactants as Potential Agents to Combat Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Kumari Pandi Saravana , Murugan Sevanan
Published: October 2023

Increasing threats due to microbial infections during disease outbreaks
resulted in excessive usage of antibiotics. Even during viral disease outbreaks,
antibacterial agents are widely prescribed to control bacterial co-infections as a
precautionary measure. Moreover, inappropriate use of antibiotics steered towards the
development of resistance against a diverse group of antibiotics. Dispersion of
multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in the environment is one of the reasons for the
development of multi-drug resistance among opportunistic and commensal organisms.
This poses a major risk to the healthcare sector. Excessive usage of antibiotics not only
results in antibiotic resistance but also in multiple healths associated diseases in
humans, such as ulcers, abdominal cramps and discomfort, and anaphylactic shock.
Hence, a safe, target-oriented drug with or without minimum side effects is demanded
to control multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The marine environment hosts the
habituation of several plants, animals, and microorganisms. It also harbors novel,
potent therapeutic agents against emerging pathogens. Recent research reports state that
biosurfactants from marine bacteria, fungi, algae, animals, and plants possess targeted
activity against human pathogens. These biosurfactants restrict the growth of microbial
pathogens by several mechanisms. Biofilm formation is the major mechanism adopted
by many MDR strains to overcome antibiotic treatment. Biosurfactants are reported to
prevent even compact biofilms by preventing the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the
host system or clinical devices. Also, they inhibit cell-to-cell signalling and down-regulate the genes coding for biofilm formation, thereby ensuring the complete removal
of MDR pathogens. Novel biosurfactants from marine sources render a wide
opportunity in drug selection to combat multi-drug resistant organisms.
Synthetic Derivatives from Marine Natural Products as Potential Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: Durgadevi Ravindran , Ravi Arumugam Veera
Published: October 2023

The marine environment havens a massive number of species that are the
source of a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. The
importance of marine natural products (MNPs) in drug discovery has been documented
extensively with their impact on the development of existing drugs. Despite the
promising activity of MNPs, most of them suffer from their complex structures,
instability, and poor solubility. The synthetic derivatives of natural products cover the
chemical derivatization of scaffolds isolated from marine sources and are highly
applicable as chemical biosynthesis and structural modifications provide new insights
into the bioactivities and the dealings against specific targets that are important for
exploring the indefinite chemical space. Also, engineering of the biosynthetic pathway
has shown its ability to drive analogies arising from a variety of alterations, including
replacement of residues, feeding with non-natural precursors, and enzyme knockout.
Such arrays of synthetic compounds execute functionally distinct biological activities
against various microbial pathogens, considering MNPs valuable products in the
current era of drug discovery. This chapter describes the strategies and principles for
the development of synthetic drugs, as divulged by several fruitful medicines that are
derived from marine origin.
Linking sustainability to procedural law: procedural sustainability using Brazil as a paradigm
Authors: Da Silva Antunes de Souza Maria Cláudia , Scramin Alves Danilo , Real Ferrer Gabriel
Published: October 2023

This paper seeks to establish a new model of linking jurisdiction and sustainability, especially through the recognition of procedural sustainability, using the Brazilian legal system for this purpose. The objective is centred on identifying how a new form of guaranteeing environmental protection by jurisdiction can be achieved if procedural law is redefined based on the idea of sustainability. To achieve this aim, an analysis was developed on sustainability, its connection with jurisdiction and its applicability to the human experience, to then develop a concept of procedural sustainability and apply it in Brazilian law. It emerged that procedural sustainability is already an implicit concern of Brazilian procedural law, but its confirmation and conformation are imperative to further leverage the effectiveness of sustainability. The research carried out was qualitative, with exploratory objectives, based on bibliography and legislation, using the inductive method.
Pengaruh Leverage, Cash Holding, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Manajemen Laba dengan Kepemilikan Manajerial sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Atmamiki Kagunan Tetradia , Priantinah Denies
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of leverage, cash holding, firm size, and audit quality on earnings management with managerial ownership as a moderating variable. The population in this study includes all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021. Based on predetermined criteria, we selected 94 companies from 144 manufacturing companies. The resultsof the Moderated Regression Analysis show that: leverage has no effect on earnings management, cash holding has no effect on earnings management, company size has a positive effect on earnings management, audit quality has a negative effect on earnings management, managerial ownership cannot moderate the effect of leverage on earnings management, managerial ownership weakens the effect of cash holding on earnings management, managerial ownership cannot moderate the effect of firm size on earnings management, managerial ownership cannot moderate the effect of audit quality on earnings management.Keywords: Earnings Management, Leverage, Cash Holding, Firm Size, Audit Quality, Managerial OwnershipABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leverage, cash holding, ukuran perusahaan, dan kualitas audit terhadap manajemen laba dengan kepemilikan manajerial sebagai variabel moderasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini meliputi seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2017-2021. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan, diperoleh 94 perusahaan dari 144 perusahaan manufaktur. Hasil dari moderated regression analysis menunjukkan bahwa: leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba, cash holding tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba,  ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba,  kualitas audit berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba,  kepemilikan manajerial tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh leverage terhadap manajemen laba,  kepemilikan manajerial memperlemah pengaruh cash holding terhadap manajemen laba,  kepemilikan manajerial tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba,  kepemilikan manajerial tidak dapat memoderasi pengaruh kualitas audit terhadap manajemen laba.Kata Kunci: Manajemen Laba, Leverage, Cash Holding, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kualitas Audit, Kepemilikan Manajerial
A Digital Single-Session Intervention (Project Engage) to Address Fear of Negative Evaluation Among College Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghosh Arka , Cohen Katherine A , Jans Laura , Busch Carly A , McDanal Riley , Yang Yuanyuan , Cooper Katelyn M , Schleider Jessica L
Published: October 2023

Background

Increasingly, college science courses are transitioning from a traditional lecture format to active learning because students learn more and fail less frequently when they engage in their learning through activities and discussions in class. Fear of negative evaluation (FNE), defined as a student’s sense of dread associated with being unfavorably evaluated while participating in a social situation, discourages undergraduates from participating in small group discussions, whole class discussions, and conversing one-on-one with instructors.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the acceptability of a novel digital single-session intervention and to assess the feasibility of implementing it in a large enrollment college science course taught in an active learning way.

Methods

To equip undergraduates with skills to cope with FNE and bolster their confidence, clinical psychologists and biology education researchers developed Project Engage, a digital, self-guided single-session intervention for college students. It teaches students strategies for coping with FNE to bolster their confidence. Project Engage provides biologically informed psychoeducation, uses interactive elements for engagement, and helps generate a personalized action plan. We conducted a 2-armed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the acceptability and the preliminary effectiveness of Project Engage compared with an active control condition that provides information on available resources on the college campus.

Results

In a study of 282 upper-level physiology students, participants randomized to complete Project Engage reported a greater increase in overall confidence in engaging in small group discussions (P=.01) and whole class discussions (P<.001), but not in one-on-one interactions with instructors (P=.05), from baseline to immediately after intervention outcomes, compared with participants in an active control condition. Project Engage received a good acceptability rating (1.22 on a scale of –2 to +2) and had a high completion rate (>97%).

Conclusions

This study provides a foundation for a freely available, easily accessible intervention to bolster student confidence for contributing in class.

Trial Registration

OSF Registries osf.io/4ca68 http://osf.io/4ca68
An AI Dietitian for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management Based on Large Language and Image Recognition Models: Preclinical Concept Validation Study
Authors: Sun Haonan , Zhang Kai , Lan Wei , Gu Qiufeng , Jiang Guangxiang , Yang Xue , Qin Wanli , Han Dongran
Published: October 2023

Background

Nutritional management for patients with diabetes in China is a significant challenge due to the low supply of registered clinical dietitians. To address this, an artificial intelligence (AI)–based nutritionist program that uses advanced language and image recognition models was created. This program can identify ingredients from images of a patient’s meal and offer nutritional guidance and dietary recommendations.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the competence of the models that support this program.

Methods

The potential of an AI nutritionist program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was evaluated through a multistep process. First, a survey was conducted among patients with T2DM and endocrinologists to identify knowledge gaps in dietary practices. ChatGPT and GPT 4.0 were then tested through the Chinese Registered Dietitian Examination to assess their proficiency in providing evidence-based dietary advice. ChatGPT’s responses to common questions about medical nutrition therapy were compared with expert responses by professional dietitians to evaluate its proficiency. The model’s food recommendations were scrutinized for consistency with expert advice. A deep learning–based image recognition model was developed for food identification at the ingredient level, and its performance was compared with existing models. Finally, a user-friendly app was developed, integrating the capabilities of language and image recognition models to potentially improve care for patients with T2DM.

Results

Most patients (182/206, 88.4%) demanded more immediate and comprehensive nutritional management and education. Both ChatGPT and GPT 4.0 passed the Chinese Registered Dietitian examination. ChatGPT’s food recommendations were mainly in line with best practices, except for certain foods like root vegetables and dry beans. Professional dietitians’ reviews of ChatGPT’s responses to common questions were largely positive, with 162 out of 168 providing favorable reviews. The multilabel image recognition model evaluation showed that the Dino V2 model achieved an average F1 score of 0.825, indicating high accuracy in recognizing ingredients.

Conclusions

The model evaluations were promising. The AI-based nutritionist program is now ready for a supervised pilot study.