bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progestin primed ovarian stimulation using corifollitropin alfa in PCOS women effectively prevents LH surge and reduces injection burden compared to GnRH antagonist protocol
Authors: Huang Ting-Chi , Huang Mei-Zen , Seow Kok-Min , Yang Ih-Jane , Pan Song-Po , Chen Mei-Jou , Hwang Jiann-Loung , Chen Shee-Uan
Published: November 2021

Utilizing corifollitropin alfa in GnRH antagonist (GnRHant) protocol in conjunction with GnRH agonist trigger/freeze-all strategy (corifollitropin alfa/GnRHant protocol) was reported to have satisfactory outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Although lessening in gonadotropin injections, GnRHant were still needed. In addition to using corifollitropin alfa, GnRHant was replaced with an oral progestin as in progestin primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) to further reduce the injection burden in this study. We try to investigate whether this regimen (corifollitropin alfa/PPOS protocol) could effectively reduce GnRHant injections and prevent premature LH surge in PCOS patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles. This is a retrospective cohort study recruiting 333 women with PCOS, with body weight between 50 and 70 kg, undergoing first IVF/ICSI cycle between August 2015 and July 2018. We used corifollitropin alfa/GnRHant protocol prior to Jan 2017 (n = 160), then changed to corifollitropin alfa/PPOS protocol (n = 173). All patients received corifollitropin alfa 100 μg on menstruation day 2/3 (S1). Additional rFSH was administered daily from S8. In corifollitropin alfa/GnRHant group, cetrorelix 0.25 mg/day was administered from S5 till the trigger day. In corifollitropin alfa/PPOS group, dydrogesterone 20 mg/day was given from S1 till the trigger day. GnRH agonist was used to trigger maturation of oocyte. All good quality day 5/6 embryos were frozen, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) was performed on subsequent cycle. A comparison of clinical outcomes was made between the two protocols. The primary endpoint was the incidence of premature LH surge and none of the patients occurred. Dydrogesterone successfully replace GnRHant to block LH surge while an average of 6.8 days of GnRHant injections were needed in the corifollitropin alfa/GnRHant group. No patients suffered from ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The other clinical outcomes including additional duration/dose of daily gonadotropin administration, number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization rate were similar between the two groups. The implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate in the first FET cycle were also similar between the two groups. In women with PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment, corifollitropin alfa/PPOS protocol could minimize the injections burden with comparable outcomes to corifollitropin alfa/GnRHant protocol.
Circulating miR-146a expression as a non-invasive predictive biomarker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Shahid Samiah , Shahid Wajeehah , Shaheen Jawaria , Akhtar M. Waheed , Sadaf Saima
Published: November 2021

Dysregulation of non-coding microRNAs during the course of tumor development, invasion and/or progression to the distant organs, makes them a promising candidate marker for the diagnosis of cancer and associated malignancies. This exploratory study aims at evaluating the usefulness of plasma concentration of circulating mir-146a as a non-invasive biomarker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Total RNA including miRNA was isolated from 110 plasma samples of patients (n = 66), healthy controls (n = 24) and follow up (n = 20) cases and reverse transcribed. Relative concentrations were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR and fold-change was calculated by 2−ΔΔCt method. Finally, relative concentrations were correlated to clinicopathological factors. Patients (n = 66) were analyzed to determine fold expression of miR-146a in plasma samples of ALL. Before chemotherapy, pediatric (n = 42) and adult (n = 24) showed overexpression of miR-146a compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). There was no effect of age and gender on mir-146a expression in plasma. mirR-146a expression was independent of clinical and hematological features. Moreover, miR-146a levels in plasma of paired samples (n = 20) after treatment showed significant decrease in expression (P < 0.001). Expression of plasma miR-146a may be utilized as non-invasive marker to diagnose and predict prognosis in pediatric and adult patients with ALL. Moreover predicted targets may be utilized for ALL therapy in future.
A non-optimal cervicovaginal microbiota in pregnancy is associated with a distinct metabolomic signature among non-Hispanic Black individuals
Authors: Gerson Kristin D. , Liao Jingqiu , McCarthy Clare , Burris Heather H. , Korem Tal , Levy Maayan , Ravel Jacques , Elovitz Michal A.
Published: November 2021

Biomechanical and molecular processes of premature cervical remodeling preceding spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) likely result from interactions between the cervicovaginal microbiota and host immune responses. A non-optimal cervicovaginal microbiota confers increased risk of sPTB. The cervicovaginal space is metabolically active in pregancy; microbiota can produce, modify, and degrade metabolites within this ecosystem. We establish that cervicovaginal metabolomic output clusters by microbial community in pregnancy among Black individuals, revealing increased metabolism within the amino acid and dipeptide pathways as hallmarks of a non-optimal microbiota. Few differences were detected in metabolomic profiles when stratified by birth outcome. The study raises the possibility that metabolites could distinguish women with greater risk of sPTB among those with similar cervicovaginal microbiota, and that metabolites within the amino acid and carbohydrate pathways may play a role in this distinction.
Applications of electrochemical biosensors based on functional antibody-modified screen-printed electrodes: a review
Authors: Wang Xuyao , Zhang Zhenqi , Wu Guolin , Xu Chunxia , Wu Jianping , Zhang Xingguo , Liu Jian
Published: November 2021

This review focuses on the modification of SPE with functional antibodies to improve the electrochemical detection performance in versatile sensing applications.
Nanoparticle delivery of a triple-action Pt(iv) prodrug to overcome cisplatin resistance via synergistic effect
Authors: Xie Peng , Jin Qiao , Li Yifan , Zhang Jinbo , Kang Xiang , Zhu Jialin , Mao Xinzhan , Cao Peiguo , Liu Chaoyong
Published: November 2021

To overcome the drug resistance, we report a triple-action nanoplatinum drug, which incorporates artesunate and cantharidin into Pt(iv) prodrug for the enhancement of ROS generation and inhibition in DNA repair.
A two-stage energy tuning strategy via salt and glycine programmed DNA-engineered crystals
Authors: Du Yanqiu , Zhou Xiang , Jin Jing , Liang Haojun , Men Yongfeng , Jiang Wei
Published: November 2021

This work presents a two-stage energy tuning strategy by salt and glycine for preparing high-quality DNA-engineered crystals at room temperature.
Pyridinium-conjugated polynorbornenes for nanomolar ATP sensing using an indicator displacement assay and a PET strategy
Authors: Huang Ling-Xi , He Yue-Bo , Kim Jaewon , Sharma Amit , Cao Qian-Yong , Kim Jong Seung
Published: November 2021

Novel polynorbornene-based probes for fluorescence sensing of ATP at nanomolar levels via the indicator displacement assay (IDA) method are reported.
Nature of hydride and halide encapsulation in Ag8 cages: insights from the structure and interaction energy of [Ag8(X){S2P(OiPr)2}6]+ (X = H−, F−, Cl−, Br−, I−) from relativistic DFT calculations
Authors: Guajardo Maturana Raul , Ortolan Alexandre O. , Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , Caramori Giovanni F. , Parreira Renato L. T. , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: November 2021

Unraveling the different contributing terms to an efficient anion encapsulation is a relevant issue for further understanding of the underlying factors governing the formation of endohedral species.
Decomposition of nitric oxide by rhodium cluster cations at high temperatures
Authors: Nagata Toshiaki , Kawada Kimihiro , Chen Xuemei , Yamaguchi Masato , Miyajima Ken , Mafuné Fumitaka
Published: November 2021

Decomposition reactions of NO molecules on gas-phase Rhn+ (n = 6–9) clusters were investigated by gas-phase thermal desorption spectrometry and density functional theory calculations.
Conformational disorder enabled emission phenomena in heavily doped TADF films
Authors: Serevičius Tomas , Skaisgiris Rokas , Gudeika Dalius , Kazlauskas Karolis , Juršėnas Saulius
Published: November 2021

Increasing the doping load of a TADF emitter in a solid host enables triplet migration and subsequent quenching of long-lived delayed emission. This enables an emission peak shift and an rISC rate increase, though at the cost of a lowered emission yield.
Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of defective titania for carbon dioxide photoreduction via surface functionalization
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhao Qianyu , Shen Lu , Li Qiuye , Liu Taifeng , Hou Lili , Yang Jianjun
Published: November 2021

The hydrophilic surface of defective titanium dioxide lowers its adsorption capacity towards CO2 molecules.
Review of ecotoxicological studies of widely used polystyrene nanoparticles
Authors: Kelpsiene Egle , Ekvall Mikael T. , Lundqvist Martin , Torstensson Oscar , Hua Jing , Cedervall Tommy
Published: November 2021

With polystyrene nanoparticles being widely used in various applications, there is a great need for deeper knowledge on the safety, fate and biological effects of these particles on both individual living organisms and the whole ecosystems.
Lymphangion-chip: a microphysiological system which supports co-culture and bidirectional signaling of lymphatic endothelial and muscle cells
Authors: Selahi Amirali , Fernando Teshan , Chakraborty Sanjukta , Muthuchamy Mariappan , Zawieja David C. , Jain Abhishek
Published: November 2021

A microphysiological system of a lymphatic vessel is presented recapitulating crosstalk of lymphatic endothelial and muscle cells co-cultured cylindrically using a unique gravitational lumen patterning technique.
Challenges and prospects in the selective photoreduction of CO2 to C1 and C2 products with nanostructured materials: a review
Authors: Behera Arjun , Kar Ashish Kumar , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: November 2021

This review summarizes the achievements in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C1 and C2 fuels over various nanostructured photocatalysts.
Facile fabrication of a polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophobic fluorescent film via the Hantzsch reaction for broadband UV protection
Authors: Liu Hongchen , Yang Hongying , Zhu Kunkun , Peng Fang , Guo Lei , Qi Haisong
Published: November 2021

A polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophobic, fluorescent film was fabricated via the Hantzsch reaction. The fluorescent film shows high transparency, excellent UV-blocking performance, and outstanding stability.
The influence of the size of aromatic monomers on the structure and catalytic activity of polymer solid acids
Authors: Wang Cui , Shen Shuguang , Li Yehui , Pan Huajie , Zhou Zijian , Li Jing , Wu Bin , Jing Shuaiqi , Guo Chenyuan , Fan Jimin , Guo Hongsheng
Published: November 2021

High activity hyper-crosslinked polymer solid acids (HCPSAs) were prepared from different aromatic monomers, and the structure was regulated by selecting the type and size of aromatic monomers.
Investigation of emission behaviour of perovskite nanocrystals using nano to microspheres of TiO2
Authors: Jha Abha , Shankar Hari , Kar Prasenjit
Published: November 2021

The encapsulation of MAPbBr3 perovskites nanocrystals into the pores of TiO2 microspheres (m-TiO2) remarkably enhances the stability and PLQY to 95%.
A bioinspired glycopolymer for capturing membrane proteins in native-like lipid-bilayer nanodiscs
Authors: Danielczak Bartholomäus , Rasche Marie , Lenz Julia , Pérez Patallo Eugenio , Weyrauch Sophie , Mahler Florian , Agbadaola Michael Tope , Meister Annette , Babalola Jonathan Oyebamiji , Vargas Carolyn , Kolar Cenek , Keller Sandro
Published: November 2021

The bioinspired glycosylated polymer Glyco-DIBMA outperforms other polymers in efficiently extracting membrane proteins and lipids into well-defined, native-like lipid-bilayer nanodiscs.
Green-to-UV photon upconversion enabled by new perovskite nanocrystal-transmitter-emitter combination
Authors: Koharagi Mio , Harada Naoyuki , Okumura Keisuke , Miyano Junji , Hisamitsu Shota , Kimizuka Nobuo , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: November 2021

The first example of green (λ > 500 nm)-to-ultraviolet (λ < 400 nm) triplet–triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion sensitized by lead halide perovskite nanocrystals is achieved.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance as evidence of spin-momentum inter-locking in topological Kondo insulator SmB6 nanowires
Authors: Cui Yugui , Chu Yi , Pan Zhencun , Xing Yingjie , Huang Shaoyun , Xu Hongqi
Published: November 2021

The anisotropic magnetoresistance reveals a signature of spin-momentum inter-locking in surface-states of SmB6 nanowires. Figure (a) in-plane magnetic field magnetoresistance; (b) temperature dependences of the anisotropic magnetoresistance.
Enantioselective hydrophosphonylation of N-Boc imines using chiral guanidine–thiourea catalysts
Authors: Chassillan Louis , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Yoo Woo-Jin , Toffano Martial , Guillot Régis , Kobayashi Shū , Vo-Thanh Giang
Published: November 2021

The synthesis of new guanidine-thiourea catalysts and their use for the formation of α-amino phosphonate by asymmetric hydrophosphonylation of N-Boc aldimines under batch and continous-flow conditions is described.
Antibacterial cotton fabric prepared by surface-initiated photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with subsequent quaternization
Authors: Zain Gamal , Bučková Mária , Mosnáčková Katarína , Doháňošová Jana , Opálková Šišková Alena , Mičušík Matej , Kleinová Angela , Matúš Peter , Mosnáček Jaroslav
Published: November 2021

Antibacterial highly grafted cotton fabric with good laundry resistance was prepared using photoATRP in the presence of air.
Photoactive iron complexes: more sustainable, but still a challenge
Authors: Dierks Philipp , Vukadinovic Yannik , Bauer Matthias
Published: November 2021

With the “Criticality Score” used as a benchmark for sustainability – potentials, strategies and challenges are discussed to replace noble metal compounds in photosensitizers by the sustainable alternative iron.
Dual-heteroatom-templated lanthanoid-inserted heteropolyoxotungstates simultaneously comprising Dawson and Keggin subunits and their composite film applied for electrochemical immunosensing of auximone
Authors: Xie Saisai , Wang Dan , Wang Zixu , Liu Jiancai , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei
Published: November 2021

Two unprecedented PIII–SbIII-heteroatom templated lanthanide-inserted heteropolyoxotungstates were obtained and their composite film was applied for the electrochemical immunosensing of auximone.
Room temperature synthesis of UO2+x nanocrystals and thin films via hydrolysis of uranium(iv) complexes
Authors: Murillo Jesse , Panda Debiprasad , Chakrabarti Subhananda , Hattori Alex , Griego Leonel , Chava Venkata S. N. , Sreenivasan Sreeprasad T. , Ramana Chintalapalle V. , Fortier Skye
Published: November 2021

Methods for the straightforward, room temperature synthesis of UO2+x nanoparticles and thin films using solution processable, molecular uranium(iv) compounds is described.
gem-Difluorovinylation of alkynyl bromoarenesviadual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling
Authors: Sun Haotian , Xiong Baojian , Yang Yuan , Liu Jiangjun , Zhang Xuemei , Lian Zhong
Published: November 2021

A dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzedgem-difluorovinylation of alkynyl bromoarenes is presented. This method proceeds smoothly to afford various dihydrobenzofuran compounds containing gem-difluorovinyl fragments with excellent stereoselectivities.
2-Pyridinylmethyl borrowing: base-promoted C-alkylation of (pyridin-2-yl)-methyl alcohols with ketones via cleavage of unstrained C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds
Authors: Hong Chuan-Ming , Zou Fei-Fei , Zhuang Xin , Luo Zhen , Liu Zheng-Qiang , Ren Li-Qing , Li Qing-Hua , Liu Tang-Lin
Published: November 2021

2-Pyridinylmethyl Borrowing: Transition-metal-free 2-pyridinylmethyl borrowing C-alkylation of alcohols access to ketones is developed. This unstrained C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds cleavage of unactivated alcohols avoids the use of transition metals.
Synthesis of nanomedicine hydrogel microcapsules by droplet microfluidic process and their pH and temperature dependent release
Authors: Liu Ran , Wu Qiong , Huang Xing , Zhao Xiaoxiong , Chen Xinhua , Chen Yonggang , Weitz David A. , Song Yujun
Published: November 2021

A kind of pH and temperature dependent interpenetrating hydrogel was designed and synthesized via crosslinking of alginate and polyethylene-glycol grafting chitosan by genipin for encapsulated nanomedicine with controlled release.
Li-doped beryllonitrene for enhanced carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Pu Andrew , Luo Xuan
Published: November 2021

Lithium-doped beryllonitrene monolayer can effectively chemisorb carbon dioxide molecules.
Analysis and design of InAs nanowire array based ultra broadband perfect absorber
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Muntasir , Islam Fariba , Baten Md Zunaid , Subrina Samia
Published: November 2021

Mie theory and GMR based theoretical framework support the numerical results that resonant wavelength increases with increasing InAs NW diameter. By employing NWs of different diameters in a single array, an ultra-broadband perfect absorber has been achieved.
Effect of irradiation-induced cascade mixing on spinodal decomposition in U–Nb and U–Zr alloys: a phase field study
Authors: Lu Yong , Guo Honghao , Gong Hengfeng , Jiang Zheng , Huang Xiaoyi , Liu Xingjun , Wang Cuiping
Published: November 2021

The simulation results of phase-field method show that the cascade mixing can drive Nb or Zr atoms back into solution until a new equilibrium state between local cascade mixing and spinodal decomposition is reached.
A TiO2 composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
Authors: Khan Mahrukh , Farah Humera , Iqbal Naseem , Noor Tayyaba , Amjad M. Zain Bin , Ejaz Bukhari Syeda Sidrah
Published: November 2021

Catalyst TiO2/g-C3N4 composites was synthesized and tested for transesterification reaction of WCO at 60 °C (oil to methanol ratio 1 : 9) for 1 h. TiO2/ 20% g-C3N4 with 2% catalyst concentration has the highest yield of biodiesel production (89.5%).
Investigation of the effect of microflow reactor diameter on condensation reactions in l-proline-immobilized polymer monoliths
Authors: Nonaka Seiya , Matsumoto Hikaru , Nagao Masanori , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko
Published: November 2021

Structure of porous monolith in a microflow reactor and the reactor diameter affect the residence time distribution (RTD). The effect of the RTD on the catalytic efficiency of the asymmetric aldol addition reaction was examined.
Deep eutectic solvents – a new additive in the encapsulation of lipase B from Candida antarctica: biocatalytic applications
Authors: Dudu Adrian Ioan , Bencze Laszlo Csaba , Paizs Csaba , Toşa Monica Ioana
Published: November 2021

An efficient, active and stable biocatalyst was prepared by sol–gel CaL-B encapsulation in the presence of a choline–fructose DES, and is able to transform efficiently ten alcohols relevant for various industries.
Peptide epitope-imprinted polymer microarrays for selective protein recognition. Application for SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein
Authors: Bognár Zsófia , Supala Eszter , Yarman Aysu , Zhang Xiaorong , Bier Frank F. , Scheller Frieder W. , Gyurcsányi Róbert E.
Published: November 2021

We introduce highly affine epitope-imprinted polymer-based microarrays for selective protein detection by surface plasmon resonance imaging as shown through the selective recognition of the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Ga+-catalyzed hydrosilylation? About the surprising system Ga+/HSiR3/olefin, proof of oxidation with subvalent Ga+and silylium catalysis with perfluoroalkoxyaluminate anions
Authors: Barthélemy Antoine , Glootz Kim , Scherer Harald , Hanske Annaleah , Krossing Ingo
Published: November 2021

Nobler than expected: subvalent [Ga(PhF)2][pf] ([pf]−= [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−) oxidizes hydrosilanes to silylium ions, allowing for catalytic hydrosilylation and hydrodefluorination and suggesting that silylium catalysis is possible with the [pf]− anion.
3D structural lithium alginate-based gel polymer electrolytes with superior high-rate long cycling performance for high-energy lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wen Xin , Zeng Qinghui , Guan Jiazhu , Wen Wen , Chen Pingping , Li Zhenfeng , Liu Yu , Chen Anqi , Liu Xiangfeng , Liu Wei , Chen Shangtao , Zhang Liaoyun
Published: November 2021

The development of polymer electrolytes with good ion transport capacity and high mechanical strength is a big challenge for solid polymer electrolytes.
Ni3S2/Cu–NiCo LDH heterostructure nanosheet arrays on Ni foam for electrocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Jia Lina , Du Gaohui , Han Di , Hao Yawen , Zhao Wenqi , Fan Yi , Su Qingmei , Ding Shukai , Xu Bingshe
Published: November 2021

Ni3S2/Cu–NiCo LDH ultrathin nanosheets were successfully grown on Ni foam by hydrothermal reaction and employed as a bifunctional catalyst for electrocatalytic overall water splitting with outstanding durability.
FAPbBr3perovskite solar cells withVOCvalues over 1.5 V by controlled crystal growth using tetramethylenesulfoxide
Authors: Numata Youhei , Shibayama Naoyuki , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: November 2021

A PbBr2–tetramethylenesulfoxide mixture forms a highly reactive amorphous-like phase, producing FAPbBr3solar cells with aVOCvalue of over 1.5 V.
Construction of tissue-customized hydrogels from cross-linkable materials for effective tissue regeneration
Authors: Jiang Tongmeng , Yang Tao , Bao Qing , Sun Weilian , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin
Published: November 2021

This review describes the rules governing the choices of natural, synthetic or hybrid materials that can be cross-linked into hydrogels for regenerating different target tissues. The new trend of developing advanced hydrogels is also analysed.
Stacked perovskite photodetectors for multi-color fluorescence detection
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yang Longkai , Liu Haowei , Wang Jiaqin , Cui Jingqin , Chen Xinyi , Li Xin , Lu Miao
Published: November 2021

Triple cation perovskite photodetectors with different feature bandgaps were stacked and sealed for multi-color fluorescence detection.
Insights into neurodegeneration from electron microscopy studies
Authors: Crowther R. Anthony
Published: November 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, pose an increasingly severe burden for individuals and society in an ageing population. The causes and mechanisms of the diseases are poorly understood and as yet there are no effective treatments. Some of the molecular complexes involved in degeneration have been identified and electron microscopy has provided an essential tool in the investigations. The focus of this review is to show how electron microscopy has contributed historically to the understanding of disease and to summarize the most striking current advances. It does not seek to cover in detail the recent technical developments in microscopy, involving better microscopes, better electron detectors and more powerful image processing techniques, which have made possible the new insights. In many instances pathological filament assemblies are associated with brain cells that die in the disease, causing the observed symptoms such as dementia or movement disorders. Using electron microscopy it is now possible to go beyond morphological descriptions to produce atomic structures of many of the filaments. This information may help to understand the seeding and assembly of the filaments, with the aim of finding small molecule inhibitors that could potentially provide a form of treatment for the diseases.
Do foetal transplant studies continue to be justified in Huntington’s disease?
Authors: Bartley Oliver J.M. , Lelos Mariah J. , Gray William P. , Rosser Anne E.
Published: November 2021

Early CNS transplantation studies used foetal derived cell products to provide a foundation of evidence for functional recovery in preclinical studies and early clinical trials. However, it was soon recognised that the practical limitations of foetal tissue make it unsuitable for widespread clinical use. Considerable effort has since been directed towards producing target cell phenotypes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) instead, and there now exist several publications detailing the differentiation and characterisation of PSC-derived products relevant for transplantation in Huntington’s disease (HD). In light of this progress, we ask if foetal tissue transplantation continues to be justified in HD research. We argue that (i) the extent to which accurately differentiated target cells can presently be produced from PSCs is still unclear, currently making them undesirable for studying wider CNS transplantation issues; (ii) foetal derived cells remain a valuable tool in preclinical research for advancing our understanding of which products produce functional striatal grafts and as a reference to further improve PSC-derived products; and (iii) until PSC-derived products are ready for human trials, it is important to continue using foetal cells to gather clinical evidence that transplantation is a viable option in HD and to use this opportunity to optimise practical parameters (such as trial design, clinical practices, and delivery strategies) to pave the way for future PSC-derived products.
Tensor local linear embedding with global subspace projection optimisation
Authors: Niu Guo , Ma Zhengming
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a novel tensor dimensionality reduction (TDR) approach is proposed, which maintains the local geometric structure of tensor data by tensor local linear embedding and explores the global feature by optimising global subspace projection. Firstly, we analyse the local linear feature of tensor data for learning the linear separable embedding of the tenor data. Furthermore, a global subspace projection distance minimisation strategy is introduced to extract the global characteristic of the tensor data. The aim of this strategy is to find an optimal low‐dimensional subspace for TDR. In particular, two novel TDR algorithms are developed by the ensemble of tensor local feature preservation and global subspace projection distance minimisation, which express the subspace projection optimisation as an iteration optimisation problem and a Rayleigh quotient problem, respectively. The extensive experimental results on tensor data classification and clustering have demonstrated the proposed algorithms performed well.
Analysis of wind farm penetration on power swing detection in distance relays
Authors: Niknezhad Maryam , Sadeh Javad
Published: November 2021

Distance protection plays an essential role in the protection of sub‐transmission and transmission lines in power systems. However, power swings have occasionally led to the mal‐operation of this type of protection. A significant number of large disturbances, such as blackouts, start with power swings. Thus, improving the circumstances leading to this disruptive phenomenon becomes a great priority. Nowadays, the wind power share of worldwide electricity generation and the use of wind farms have increased. As a result, to predict future events, it is necessary to assess the network in the presence of these renewable sources. In this paper, the effects of the wind resources penetration on power swing have been evaluated. Simulations and analyses have been performed in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB environments, respectively. To provide a comprehensive analysis, maximum power passing through the transmission line and power swing frequency have been utilised as criteria. The results show that wind farms presented acceptable behaviour in the presence of power swing and instability. Therefore, in view point of a power swing, induction generator based wind power plants, compared to synchronous generators, led to better overall conditions. Finally, the effect of fixed and variable speed wind turbines on power swing is compared.
Relative effect of nodes and filaments of the cosmic web on the quenching of galaxies and the orientation of their spin
Authors: Malavasi Nicola , Langer Mathieu , Aghanim Nabila , Galárraga-Espinosa Daniela , Gouin Céline
Published: November 2021

Filaments and clusters of the cosmic web have an impact on the properties of galaxies. They switch off their star-formation, contribute to the build-up of their stellar mass, and affect the acquisition of their angular momentum. We make use of the IllustrisTNG simulation, coupled with the DisPerSE cosmic web extraction algorithm, to test which galaxy property is most affected by the cosmic web and, conversely, to assess the differential impact of the various cosmic web features on a given galaxy property. Our aim is to use this information to better understand galaxy evolution and to identify on which galaxy property future efforts should focus to detect the cosmic web from the galaxy distribution. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the relation between galaxy properties and cosmic web features. We also perform extensive tests in which we try to separate the effect of local overdensities of galaxies on their properties from the effect of the large-scale structure environment. Our results show that star formation shows the strongest variation with distance from the cosmic web features, but it also shows the strongest relation to the local environment of galaxies. On the other hand, the direction of the angular momentum of galaxies shows the weakest trends with distance from cosmic web features while also being more independent from the local environment of galaxies. We conclude that the direction of the angular momentum of galaxies and its use to improve our detection of the cosmic web features could be the focus of future studies that will benefit from larger statistical samples.
Inspection of 19 globular cluster candidates in the Galactic bulge with the VVV survey
Authors: Garro E. R. , Minniti D. , Gómez M. , Alonso-García J. , Ripepi V. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Vivanco Cádiz F.
Published: November 2021

Context. The census of the globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way is still a work in progress. The advent of new deep surveys has made it possible to discover many new star clusters both in the Galactic disk and bulge, but many of these new candidates have not yet been studied in detail, leaving a veil on their true physical nature.

Aims. We explore the nature of 19 new GC candidates in the Galactic bulge by analysing their colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in the near-infrared (NIR) using the VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Survey (VVV) database. We estimate their main astrophysical parameters: reddening and extinction, distance, total luminosity, mean cluster proper motions (PMs), metallicity, and age.

Methods. We obtain the cluster catalogues including the likely cluster members by applying a decontamination procedure on the observed CMDs based on the vector PM diagrams from VIRAC2. We adopt NIR reddening maps in order to calculate the reddening and extinction for each cluster, and then estimate the distance moduli and heliocentric distances. Metallicities and ages are evaluated by fitting theoretical stellar isochrones. We also calculate their luminosities in comparison with known Galactic GCs.

Results. We estimate a wide reddening range of 0.25 ⩽ E(J − Ks)⩽2.0 mag and extinction 0.11 ⩽ AKs ⩽ 0.86 mag for the sample clusters, as expected in the bulge regions. The range of heliocentric distances is 6.8 ⩽ D ⩽ 11.4 kpc. This allows us to place these clusters between 0.56 and 3.25 kpc from the Galactic centre, assuming R⊙ = 8.2 kpc. Also, their PMs are kinematically similar to the typical motion of the Galactic bulge, apart from VVV-CL160, which shows different PMs. We also derive their metallicities and ages, finding −1.40⩽ [Fe/H] ⩽ 0.0 dex and t ≈ 8 − 13 Gyr respectively. The luminosities are calculated both in Ks- and V-bands, recovering −3.4 ⩽ MV ⩽ −7.5. We also examine the possible RR Lyrae members found in the cluster fields.

Conclusions. Based on their positions, kinematics, metallicities, and ages, and comparing our results with the literature, we conclude that nine candidates are real GCs, seven need more observations to be fully confirmed as GCs, and three candidates are discarded as GCs and appear to be younger open clusters.
Where are those promising solid-state batteries?
Authors: Wagemaker Marnix , Huijben Mark , Tromp Moniek
Published: November 2021

In recent years there have been regular reports about a new generation of batteries in which the liquid electrolyte is replaced by a solid material: the solid-state batteries. With a higher energy density and a better safety than current batteries, solid-state batteries potentially would boost electric mobility by enhancing the driving distance of e-cars and prevent extreme battery fires. Why are they not yet implemented in the latest generation of e-cars?
Analytical first derivatives of the direct Hermite-Simpson collocation formulation of optimal control problems
Authors: Arunakirinathar Aravind , de la Beaujardiere Jean-Francois , Brooks Michael
Published: November 2021

In order to assess the capabilities of South Africa as a launch site for commercial satellites, an optimal control solver was developed. The developed solver makes use of direct Hermite-Simpson collocation methods, and can be applied to a general optimal control problem. Analytical first derivative information was obtained for direct Hermite-Simpson collocation methods. Typically, a numerical estimate of the derivative information is used. This paper will present the solver algorithm, and the formulation and derivation of the analytical first derivative information for this approach. A sample problem is provided as validation of the solver.
Model-free Intelligent Control for Antilock Braking Systems on Rough Terrain
Authors: de Abreu Ricardo , Botha Theunis R. , Hamersma Herman A.
Published: November 2021

Advancements have been made in the field of vehicle dynamics, improving the handling and safety of the vehicle through control systems such as the Antilock Braking System (ABS). An ABS enhances the braking performance and steerability of a vehicle under severe braking conditions by preventing wheel lockup. However, its performance degrades on rough terrain resulting in an increased wheel lockup and stopping distance compared to without. This is largely as a result of noisy measurements, and un-modelled dynamics that occur as a result of the vertical and torsional excitation experienced over rough terrain. Therefore, it is proposed that a model-free intelligent technique, which may adapt to these dynamics, be used to overcome this problem. The Double Deep Q-learning (DDQN) technique in conjunction with a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) is proposed as the intelligent control algorithm, and straight line braking simulations are performed using a single tyre model, with tyre characteristics approximated by the LuGre tyre model. The rough terrain is modelled after the measured Belgian paving with the normal forces at the tyre contact patch approximated using FTire in ADAMS. Comparisons are drawn against the Bosch algorithm, and results show that the intelligent control approach achieves lateral stability by preventing wheel lockup whilst braking over rough terrain, without deteriorating the stopping distance.
Optimization of the Pumping Capacity of Centrifugal Pumps Based on System Analysis
Authors: Matlakala Motsi Ephrey , Von Kallon Daramy Vandi
Published: November 2021

The pumping capacity is the maximum flow rate through a pump at its design capacity. In the process of pumping water and other fluids, pumping capacity is required to accurately size pumping systems, determine friction head losses, construct a system curve and select a pump and motor. Failure to choose the right pump size for pumping system, improper installation and pump operation results into higher consumption of energy. The insufficient pumping capacity affects the plant’s operations such as maintenance cost, downtime, loss of production and increase in operating cost. In this study variation of the impeller diameter is used to calculate the new pump curve to improve the pumping capacity. The pumping system is analysed to determine the pumping capacity of the pump. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are carried out to determine the performance of the pump and analyses the pumping system to achieve the pumping capacity. Results show that enhanced pumping capacity is achieved at a given impeller design with a specific shift in the pump curve. It is recommended that the pumping capacity can be optimized through trimming of impeller. Trimming of the impeller improves pump efficiency and increases the performance of the pump. In addition, the pumping capacity can also be optimized through the system analysis by adjusting the diameter of the pipes and throttling of the valves. Optimization of the pumping capacity helps with running the pumping system efficiently.
A Quadratic Elasticity Formulation for Dynamic Interacting Structures in Flow
Authors: Suliman Ridhwaan , Oxtoby Oliver
Published: November 2021

The deformation of slender elastic structures due to the motion of surrounding fluid is a common multiphysics problem encountered in many applications. In this work we detail the development of a numerical model capable of solving such strongly-coupled fluid-structure interaction problems, and analyse the dynamic behaviour of multiple interacting bodies under fluid loading. In most fluid-structure interaction problems the deformation of slender elastic bodies is significant and cannot be described by a purely linear analysis. We present a new formulation to model these larger displacements. By extending the standard modal analysis technique for linear structural analysis, the governing equations and boundary conditions are updated to account for non-linear terms and a new modal formulation with quadratic modes is derived. The quadratic modal approach is tested on standard benchmark problems of increasing complexity and compared with analytical and full non-linear numerical solutions. An analysis of the dynamic interactions between multiple finite plates in various configurations under fluid loading, as well as the effects of the spacing between the structures, is also conducted. Numerical results are compared with theoretical and experimental approaches. The inverted hydrodynamic drafting effect of elastic bodies in an in-line configuration can be confirmed from our numerical simulations.
Discrete element model calibration for industrial raw material simulations
Authors: Bester Johan , Venter Philip , van Eldik Martin
Published: November 2021

The use of computational fluid dynamics in continuous operation industries have become more prominent in recent times. Proposed system improvements through geometric changes or control strategies can be evaluated within a relatively shorter timeframe. Applications for discrete element methods (DEMs) in real life simulations, however, require validated material-calibration-methods. In this paper, the V-model methodology in combination with direct and bulk calibration approaches were followed to determine material model parameters, to simulate real life occurrences. For the bulk calibration approach a test rig with a containment hopper, deflection plate and settling zone was used. Screened material drains from the hopper, interacts with the deflection plate, and then settles at the material angle of repose. A high-speed camera captured material interaction with the rig, where footage was used during simulation validation. The direct measuring approach was used to determine particle size, shape and density, while confirming friction and restitution coefficients determined in the bulk calibration method. The test was repeated and validated for various geometrical changes. Three categories of validation were established, namely particle speed assessment, -trajectory assessment and -plate interaction assessment. In conclusion, the combination of direct and bulk calibration approaches was significant in calibrating the required material model parameters.
Welding of magnesium and its alloys: an overview of methods and process parameters and their effects on mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of the welds
Authors: Klenam Desmond Edem Primus , Ogunwande Gabriel Seun , Omotosho Taiwo , Ozah Blessing , Maledi Nthabiseng Beauty , Hango Silas Ithete , Fabuyide Adefunke Abosede , Mohlala Lesego , van der Merwe Josias Willem , Bodunrin Michael Oluwatosin
Published: November 2021

An overview of welding methods and process parameters and its effects on mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of magnesium and its alloys are discussed. These alloys are less dense and beneficial structural alloys for improved energy efficiency, eco-friendliness and driver of circular economic model for sustainable design and innovative ecosystem. While the application of Mg-alloys is projected to increase, understanding the mechanical behaviour and structural integrity of welded joints are critical. Thus, fusion and solid-state welding processes of these alloys are discussed with emphasis on mechanical characterization. Laser welding is the most effective fusion welding technique for most Mg alloys whereas, the predominant solid-state method is friction stir welding. The importance of process variables such as heat inputs, welding velocity (speed) and post weld treatments on the microstructural evolution, on mechanical and physical properties of the distinct zones of the weld joints are described. The weldment is the most susceptible to failure due to phase transformation, defects such as microporosity and relatively coarse grain sizes after solidification. The implication of the design of quality weld joints of Mg alloys are explored with areas for future research directions briefly discussed.
Intercultural communication: English dominance
Authors: Chernyishkova Natalya Vladimirovna , Sukhorukova Daria Valerievna , Aroshidze Marina Vadimovna
Published: November 2021

The importance of intercultural communication in today’s globalised world is undeniable. Scholars from different countries have contributed to the development of this field and created educational materials – textbooks on intercultural communication devoted to classifications and features of different cultures – and textbooks on foreign languages that include exercises devoted to developing intercultural skills in everyday and professional contexts. Teachers of foreign languages are making an effort to use the available materials that provide a wide outlook on various cultures and help students prepare for being a part of intercultural community. However, there is an evident shortage of such materials in languages other than English. The article provides the results of the analysis of online sources that demonstrates that the majority of available resources that are in any way connected with intercultural communication are in English. The article dwells on the reasons for English dominance in intercultural communication study and suggests a global effort as a solution. Whether we are looking at textbooks purely on intercultural communication or foreign language learning resources, it is important to understand that the English language cannot be the only medium of intercultural competence formation – other languages can and should be a prism through which intercultural communication is studied.
Empathy in teaching foreign languages in a distance format at universities
Authors: Dronova Svetlana Yurievna , Kurmangalieva Ainur Durbelenovna
Published: November 2021

Empathy is a key factor in teaching foreign languages, making it possible to establish an emotional connection both between the teacher and students and between students themselves, as well as between students and a target language, which has a positive effect on learning outcomes. The distance learning format is no exception, but it requires more attention to this factor, since there are objective obstacles to the emergence of empathy in a natural way, which often occurs in face-to-face training and requires certain awareness when it is introduced into the educational process by the teacher. The research purpose is to develop practical recommendations for language teachers at universities on the introduction of psychological-methodological elements that contribute to an increase in the empathy of all participants in distance and hybrid classes to improve the effectiveness of learning. The research methodology includes an experiment, observation, deduction, survey, post-analysis. As a result of the study, specific recommendations were formulated to build an emotional connection in distance classes in a foreign language. Thus, it is recommended to use methodological and psychological tools, gamification, and discussion format of classes, to control the dynamics of seminars. Establishing an empathic connection is facilitated by less formal and more benevolent communication at distance seminars, preferably a targeted appeal to students, to the whole group, keeping the camera on and enriching seminars with various emotionally charged and substantive elements, the teacher’s active presence in social networks during off-hours, engaging all types of work in real time: interactive whiteboard, editing shared documents.
Gadgets and new educational technologies: Real assistance or an obstacle?
Authors: Molochkova Svetlana Alekseevna , Gromova Marina Valentinovna , Bartenev Valery Alekseevich , Borodkin Aleksander Viktorovich , Salnikov Aleksander Mikhailovich
Published: November 2021

The rapid spread of modern computer and communication technologies resulted in some global problems in society, including the adoption and rejection of such technologies in education. The COVID pandemic forced a widespread use of modern-style communications between tutors and students but unsolved problems still exist and will exist in the post-COVID era. The main goal of the paper is to find the potential borders of using modern technologies for students learning economics and business management in Russia. The authors conducted the survey in March of 2021 in the Yaroslavl Region, Russia. The main finding of the paper is the necessity of limiting the use of computer technology. The main reason for such limits is a possible decrease in students’ health and the quality of education. All the results gained by the authors are applicable in the practice of organization of educational processes for students involved in economics and business management. Probably, the results may be inapplicable for students of other fields such as medicine, art, engineers, etc.