bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Tolerability of a Shampoo Containing Broad-Spectrum Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Scalp Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Scalp Psoriasis or Seborrheic Dermatitis
Authors: Vincenzi Colombina , Tosti Antonella
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Scalp inflammation is commonly associated with scalp psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis. It can aggravate the progression of androgenetic alopecia and cause troublesome itching and burning. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a shampoo containing 0.075% broad-spectrum cannabidiol in 50 subjects with mild to moderate scalp psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis. Methods: Inflammation was assessed by evaluating the density of twisted/glomerular or arborizing vessels by trichoscopy using a 6-point scale at baseline and day 14. Symptoms of itching/burning sensation, clinical evaluation of erythema/scaling, overall tolerability, and subject satisfaction were evaluated using 10-point scales. Results: There were significant reductions in arborizing vessel/twisted capillary inflammation and scaling by day 14. Severity scores reduced from 2.3 ± 0.1, 2.6 ± 0.1, and 3.6 ± 0.1, respectively, to 0.5 ± 0.05, 0.8 ± 0.05, and 0.6 ± 0.05 (all p < 0.0001). Symptom scores of itching and burning also reduced significantly from 6.9 ± 0.1 to 4.5 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.05 and 1.0 ± 0.05 (both p < 0.0001). Severity of erythema and scaling was also significantly reduced from 5.5 ± 0.1 and 7.0 ± 0.1, respectively, to 1.3 ± 0.05 and 1.6 ± 0.05 (both p < 0.0001). Tolerability and subject satisfaction were both excellent. There were no significant differences in treatment effect, tolerability, or subject satisfaction between men and women. Discussion/Conclusion: Replacing current shampooing practices with a broad-spectrum cannabidiol-containing shampoo significantly reduces both severity and symptoms of scalp inflammation within 2 weeks, with excellent tolerability and treatment satisfaction in subjects with mild to moderate scalp psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis.
BATI KÜLTÜRÜNÜN OSMANLI TOPLUMUNA TAŞINMASINDA ÖNEMLİ BİR UNSUR OLARAK KADIN DERGİLERİ
Authors: KILIÇ Neslihan
Published: October 2020

Tarihsel olarak kültür değişimi genellikle bir kültürün bir başka kültürle teması sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte rol oynayan en temel kurumlardan biri basındır. Bu yönüyle basın, Batı kültürünün Osmanlı toplumuna taşınmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Dönemin kadın dergilerinde hâkim olan düşünce, toplumun modernleşmesinin, kadının dönüşümüyle mümkün olacağı şeklindedir. Kadın dergilerinde ele alınan kadının eğitimi, kadın-erkek eşitliği, kadının toplumsal statüsü, moda, kadının giyim kuşamı, saç ve güzellik gibi konularla Osmanlı kadın kimliği Batılılaşma/modernleşme yolunda önemli mesafeler kat etmiştir. Çalışmanın dönemsel kapsamı 1860-1923 yılları arasındaki kadın dergileridir. Çalışmanın sınırlılığı ise dergilerde ele alınan çok çeşitli konular arasından kadının görünürlüğüne ilişkin kılık kıyafet ve buna yönelik reklamlardır. Çalışmanın amacı, Batı kültürünün Osmanlı toplumuna taşınmasında dönemin kadın dergilerinin rolünü irdelemektir. Giyim kuşam, saç ve güzellik gibi görünür öğelere sayfalarında bolca yer veren Osmanlı kadın dergilerinin Batı kültürünün Osmanlı toplumuna taşınmasında önemli bir rolü olduğuna çalışmanın sonucunda ulaşılmıştır.
A 450-Year Perspective on California Precipitation “Flips”
Authors: Wahl Eugene R. , Hoell Andrew , Zorita Eduardo , Gille Edward , Diaz Henry F.
Published: October 2020

Year-to-year extreme alterations in California (CA) precipitation, denoted here as flips, present significant challenges to resource managers, emergency management officials, and the state’s economy and ecosystems generally. We evaluate regional (north, central, and south) and statewide flip behavior since 1571 CE utilizing instrumental data and paleoclimate reconstructions. Flips, defined as dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry consecutive alterations between the tailward 30th percentiles of the precipitation distribution, have occurred throughout this period without indication of systematic change through the recent time of modern anthropogenic forcing. Statewide “grand flips” are notably absent between 1892 and 1957; bootstrap Monte Carlo analysis indicates that this feature is consistent with random behavior. Composites for northeastern Pacific Ocean winter sea level pressure and jet-stream winds associated with flip events indicate anomalous high or low pressure during the core precipitation delivery season for dry or wet flip years, respectively, and jet-stream conditions that are also like those associated with individual dry or wet years. Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures play a partial role in both dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry events in central and southern CA in the longer-period reconstruction data, with response restricted primarily to southern CA in the smaller sample-size instrumental data. Knowledge of a prior year extreme, potentially representing initiation of a flip, provides no enhancement of prediction quality for the second year beyond that achievable from skillful seasonal prediction of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures. Overall, results indicate that the first-order nature of flip behavior from the later 1500s reflects the quasi–white noise nature of precipitation variability in CA, influenced secondarily by equatorial Pacific sea surface conditions, particularly in southern CA.
Knowledge and Attitude toward Medication Error among Pharmacists
Authors: Mamat Ruzmayuddin , Awang Siti Asarida , Mohd Ariffin Siti Azlina , Zakaria Zahida , Che Zam Mastura Hanim , Ab Rahman Ab Fatah
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitude toward medication error (ME) among pharmacists working in public health care institutions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in public health care institutions. Respondents were randomly recruited from 5 hospitals and 25 primary healthcare clinics in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. A set of self-administered questionnaires was used to assess their knowledge and attitude, distributed as a web-based survey. Knowledge and attitude toward ME reporting were assessed using five-point Likert-scale. This study was conducted between May and July 2019. Results: A total of 186 respondents participated in the study. A majority of respondents were female (n = 144). About 90% of the respondents had good score on knowledge on ME. Only 25.4% of the respondents had favorable attitude toward ME reporting. Female pharmacists ( P = .001), more experienced pharmacists ( P = .012) and those working in primary health clinics ( P = .014) were associated with more favorable attitude. Knowledge did not correlate well with attitude toward ME reporting (r = 0.08, P = .29). Conclusion: Despite having good knowledge on ME, the attitude toward ME reporting was still very poor among the pharmacists.
Meloxicam Intravenous Injection
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: October 2020

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
An Illustrated Taxonomy of Online CAPT Resources
Authors: Henrichsen Lynn E
Published: October 2020

Computer-assisted pronunciation teaching (CAPT) for second-language learners has made great strides in recent years. While once small in number and confined to desktop computers, a great variety of CAPT resources are available online today. These resources provide instructional activities of various types, utilize different sensory modalities, and give different types of feedback. After discussing the many, long-promised, potential benefits of CAPT, this article outlines the basic principles of seven categories of CAPT resources and provides examples of each category.
Exploring Sense of Belonging, Socioacademic Integrative Moments, and Learning Communities Related to ELs’ Persistence Based on Reenrollment Decisions in Community Colleges
Authors: Garza Tiberio , Huerta Margarita , García Hugo A. , Lau Jared
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to create a model of English learners’ (ELs) persistence based on theory and empirical research. Findings from this research informs community college educators in helping ELs persist and guide future research regarding this important student population. Method: We examined ELs’ persistence using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on data from the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) among a U.S. national sample of 6,872 ELs. SEM was informed through the means of measurement models for latent variables. Reliability and validity were assessed through Cronbach’s alpha, principal component analysis, and fit indices. Results: Our results show that (a) sense of belonging had significant and positive direct effects on ELs’ persistence based on reenrollment decisions, (b) socioacademic integrative moments had significant and positive direct effects on ELs’ sense of belonging, and (c) learning communities had significant and positive direct effects on ELs’ socioacademic integrative moments and sense of belonging. Contributions: Community colleges offer broad access to postsecondary education for ELs, or students in the process of learning English as a second or other language. As a whole, our study contributes to a better understanding of how ELs may persist in their academic studies. We further discuss the implications of our findings in light of policy, practice, and future research.
Bleeding, thrombosis and transfusion in patients on ECMO: A retrospective study in a tertiary center in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Ka Man , Au Shek Yin , Ng George Wing Yiu , Leung Anne Kit Hung
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

Use of anticoagulation in patients on ECMO, especially in Chinese, has always been difficult. This study aimed to review the incidence of bleeding, thrombosis, and transfusion requirement in Chinese ECMO patients and to identify risk factors for bleeding complications.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study of a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2018. Patients aged ⩾18 years who received ECMO were included. The primary outcome was incidence of bleeding. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, hospital mortality, and length of the ICU and hospital stay.

Results:

Of the 130 patients, 55(42.3%) had at least one bleeding events and thrombosis occurred in 37(28.5%). A lower fibrinogen level (adjusted OR 0.56 (0.36–0.86), p = 0.009), bloodstream infection (adjusted OR 2.76 (1.01–7.53), p = 0.047) and longer duration on ECMO (adjusted OR 1.14 (1.02–1.27), p = 0.018) were independently associated with occurrence of bleeding. APTT (adjusted OR 0.99 (0.97–1.01), p = 0.370) and platelet count (adjusted OR 1.00 (0.98–1.01), p = 0.632) were not statistically significant risk factors for bleeding events.

Conclusions:

Bleeding and thrombosis were common complications in Chinese patients receiving ECMO. Hypofibrinogenemia and bloodstream infection, but not APTT nor platelet counts, were independent risk factors for bleeding events.
Contextualizing the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on food security in two small cities in Bangladesh
Authors: Ruszczyk Hanna A , Rahman M Feisal , Bracken Louise J , Sudha Sumaiya
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving urban crisis. This research paper assesses impacts of the lockdown on food security and associated coping mechanisms in two small cities in Bangladesh (Mongla and Noapara) during March to May 2020. Due to restrictions during the prolonged lockdown, residents (in particular low-income groups) had limited access to livelihood opportunities and experienced significant or complete loss of income. This affected both the quantity and quality of food consumed. Coping strategies reported include curtailing consumption, relying on inexpensive starchy staples, increasing the share of total expenditure allocated to food, taking out loans and accessing relief. The pandemic has exacerbated the precariousness of existing food and nutrition security in these cities, although residents with guaranteed incomes and adequate savings did not suffer significantly during lockdown. While coping strategies and the importance of social capital are similar in small and large cities, food procurement and relationships with local governments show differences.
Cognitive geographies of bordering: The case of urban neighbourhoods in transition
Authors: Scott James Wesley
Published: October 2020

Linking borders to cognition can widen our understandings of space–society relations. In this contribution, border-making will be related to the creation of urban place distinctions and place narratives that create a sense of specific “thereness.” The focus is not on cognitive mappings of urban borders as such. Rather, border-making will be revealed as an intersubjective creation of meaning in the guise of socially communicated narratives of place distinction—stories and knowledges of place that reflect embodied experience of place specificity and relationality with regard to wider urban contexts. I argue that the utility of interpreting urban spaces and places in this fashion lies in understanding why borders within society are created and how they become evident in the process of meaning-making. This perspective also helps us understand the significance of place and why cities and their neighbourhoods are continuously appropriated and reappropriated in social, cultural, and political terms. As borders tell stories, border-making itself involves narratives of change and continuity that can reveal much about how places function—or fail to function—as communities. Developing an approach elaborated by Scott and Sohn, examples of urban border-making will be gleaned from Berlin and Warsaw.
Volunteering in medico-political professional organisations as a socially rewarding and productive activity: a primer for psychiatrists and trainees
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Finlay Angus JF
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To describe the rationale for, and benefits of, trainees and psychiatrists to be involved in medico-political volunteering.

Conclusions:

Volunteering for professional organisations and other bodies may be considered as an important advocacy role for psychiatrists. Such volunteering is meaningful through shared goals and achievements, as well as developing a sense of mastery and significance as part of a larger quest. Volunteering is also a professional developmental process that both enhances individual skills/career development as well as organisational efficacy.
Muddying the waters? A false positive case of autoimmune psychosis
Authors: Ketheesan Sarangan , Bertram Georgia , Adam Robert , Stark Anne , Scott James G
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To discuss challenges with the diagnosis of autoimmune psychosis (AP) in people with chronic psychotic disorders.

Method:

We present a case of a 23-year-old man with an exacerbation of treatment-refractory psychosis after receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for suspected AP, diagnosed 4 years after the onset of psychosis. We highlight the diagnostic and management challenges in such cases.

Results:

The diagnosis of AP in people with long-standing illness relies on the interpretation of non-specific clinical and laboratory findings in individuals with psychosocial problems and challenges of acceptance and adherence to complex medical investigations and treatments. Equivocal results from investigations undertaken without logical clinical reasoning can lead to inappropriate interventions that are costly and can cause iatrogenic harm.

Conclusion:

Psychiatrists should restrict screening for antineuronal antibodies in people with chronic psychosis to those with higher risk features such as persistent treatment refractory symptoms with concurrent neurological signs and symptoms. Further research informing the clinical circumstances for antineuronal antibody testing is needed.
Development of an extended topology-based lightweight cryptographic scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tiberti Walter , Caruso Federica , Pomante Luigi , Pugliese Marco , Santic Marco , Santucci Fortunato
Published: October 2020

Among the classes of wireless personal area networks, a wireless sensor network typically refers to a versatile and densely distributed sensing platform that enables the support of a wide variety of application domains. Among the various technical challenges addressed by more than one decade of research in wireless sensor networks, security across wireless links is by far one of the most critical ones and relates to the need of guaranteeing reliability and trustiness of the collected data. This article deals with the cryptographic aspects involved in securing wireless sensor networks, in terms of confidentiality and authentication. In particular, moving from some results previously achieved in our research activity, this article extends a cryptography scheme in order to better comply with the security requirements that arise from real-world wireless sensor network installations. The proposed scheme, called topology-authenticated key scheme 2, takes advantage of hybrid cryptography to provide security in the presence of resource-constrained sensor nodes using topology-authenticated keys to provide increased robustness to the scheme itself. The proposed extensions provide full practical support to star-topology wireless sensor networks and the article presents also some experimental results obtained by implementing the scheme on two different wireless sensor network platforms available for protocol stacks compliant with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
Analysis of Equity Valuation Models and Target Price Accuracy: An Evidence From Analyst Reports in Indonesia
Authors: Frensidy Budi , Pelealu Ryan Joshua , Robiyanto Robiyanto
Published: October 2020

This study examines whether investment analysts (sell-side) in Indonesia tend to prefer cash-flow-based valuation models over the accrual-based valuation model, how the accuracy of valuation models are used, and whether the use of both valuation models simultaneously for generating target prices can improve accuracy. The researchers conducted a comprehensive content analysis of 99 equity research reports for most companies listed in the LQ-45 index. The results show that in the accrual-based valuation model, in particular, the ratio of stock price to income (P/E) was the most popular valuation model that appeared in equity reports in all sectors. However, from the perspective of the valuation model as the producer of the target price (dominant valuation), discounted cash flow (DCF) was the most popular valuation model used. It was also found that the cash-flow-based valuation model gave the highest accuracy. In addition, the researchers also found significant results in the Chi-square test which showed the use of both valuation models simultaneously could improve the valuation results more precisely by the analysts. This was in line with the intuition that the accrual concept adds value to the relevance of the information to cash flow.
Besondere Mitarbeitergruppen in der betrieblichen Personalplanung
Authors: Mag Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Beim Personaleinsatz, der zentralen personellen Funktion im Betrieb, geht die Personalplanung in der Regel von einem Leistungsgrad aus, der von jedem hinreichend geeigneten Mitarbeiter nach genügender Übung und ausreichender Einarbeitung ohne Gesundheitsschädigung auf Dauer erreicht und durchgehalten werden kann. Diese als Normalleistung bezeichnete Leistung (Müller-Limmroth 1975; Hentze 1986) kann jedoch von einzelnen Mitarbeitern noch nicht, vorübergehend nicht, überhaupt nicht, nicht mehr oder nicht im geforderten Umfang erbracht werden. Sofern diese Minderleistung bzw. Nichtleistung nicht von den Betroffenen selbst verschuldet ist, müssen diese durch Schutzbestimmungen und Schutzmaßnahmen vor negativen Folgen bewahrt werden. Für die betriebliche Personalplanung folgt daraus, daß personelle Restriktionen beachtet werden müssen. Beim Personaleinsatz wirken diese Nebenbedingungen am schärfsten; in den anderen personellen Teilplanungen wie Personalbeschaffung, Personalerhaltung, Personalentwicklung und/oder Personalfreistellung können sie ebenfalls zu Einschränkungen führen. Im folgenden werden zunächst einzelne Mitarbeitergruppen definiert, sodann ihr jeweiliger Umfang und ihre Bedeutung dargestellt. Im dritten Teil werden die Probleme der besonderen Mitarbeitergruppen in den personellen Teilplanungen ausführlich erläutert. Abschließend wird noch auf das Problem der Quotierung eingegangen.
Anreizsysteme: Von der “Mitarbeitererhaltung” zur “Strategischen Mobilisierung” der operativen Führung
Authors: Bretz Hartmut , Maaßen Hartmut
Published: October 2020

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird, aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen eines Forschungsprojektes, das in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Bertriebswirtschaftslehre der Industrie an der Universität München entwickelte Anreizsystem für die Reisebürogruppe Rominger (Stuttgart) vorgestellt. Im Zentrum des Anreizsystems steht die strategische Mobilisierung der Mitarbeiter und damit die aktive Öffnung und Neugestaltung der Zukunft des Unternehmens. Anreize haben hier die Funktion, die Ausbreitung von unternehmerischem Denken bis in die Filialen hinein zu fordern. Sie sollen zu einer kreativen Involvierung der Betroffenen und damit zu einer Weiterentwicklung ihrer Fähigkeiten und Interessen beitragen. Der Focus verlagert sich vom Überleben der Organisation auf den Fortschritt in der Befriedigung und Weiterentwicklung von individuellen und kollektiven Bedürfnislagen.

Daß hierbei auch die Ziele der Unternehmung selbst einer kreativen Weiterentwicklung im Sinne eben dieses “Fortschritts” ausgesetzt sind, mag als Indiz dafür gelten, daß ein solcher Prozeß in hohem Maße selbstorganisierende Elemente aufweist und zumindest zeitweise nicht mehr unter der vollständigen Kontrolle der Initiatoren steht und stehen darf.
Rückschritt und Stagnation
Authors: Prante Anja , Becker Jürgen , Kurtz Hans-Jürgen
Published: October 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit einem Tabuthema: dem beruflichen Abstieg (engl Downward Movement). Bisher ist dieses Thema kaum erforscht oder öffentlich diskutiert. Oberstes Ziel ist daher, die Auseinandersetzung mit Downward Movement zu fördern. Im ersten Teil erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Karrierebegriff in seiner derzeitigen Form. Der zweite Teil liefert eine theoretische Definition von Downward Movement, im dritten Teil werden die in der Praxis am häufigsten vorkommenden Formen des Downward Movement behandelt. Anschließend (Teil vier) wird auf die zum Thema Downward Movement vorhandene Literatur eingegangen. Im fünften Teil wird die eigene Untersuchung mit ersten Ergebnissen vorgestellt. Der abschließende sechste Teil gibt Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Handhabung mit Downward Movement.
Begegnungsethos und Beziehungsethik
Authors: Tlach Peter
Published: October 2020

In der gegenwärtigen Diskussion ethischer Fragen des Wirtschaftens steht die Frage der Unternehmensethik im Vordergrund, während die zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen - der Führungskraft zu den Mitarbeitern - eher vernachlässigt werden. Diesem genuin moralischen Bereich wendet sich der Autor in den vorliegenden Ausführungen zu. Nach den einleitenden Bemerkungen erläutert der Autor die Begriffe “Begegnungsethos” und “Beziehungsethik”, um sich dann im dritten Kapitel ihren inhaltlichen Bestimmungen zuzuwenden. Dabei werden drei zentrale Grundwerte - Freiheit, Gleichwertigkeit und Liebe - vorgestellt. Im vierten Kapitel betrachtet der Autor die Folgen für betriebswirtschaftliche Aussagen beim Einbezug von Moral in die Lehre und Forschung.
Prospektive Arbeitsgestaltung - das Verfahren ATAA
Authors: Wächter Hartmut , Modrow-Thiel Brita , Roßmann Giselind
Published: October 2020

An Industriearbeit werden künftig noch mehr hohe Erwartungen hinsichtlich Produktivität und Humanisierung gestellt. Die Autoren beschreiben, welche arbeitsorganisatorischen Voraussetzungen hierfür zu erfüllen sind. Nach den einleitenden Ausführungen zum Stellenwert der Arbeitsgestaltung entwickeln sie systematisch Kriterien einer persönlichkeitsförderlichen Arbeit. Im dritten Teil stellen sie das Analyseinstrument ATAA (Analyse von Tätigkeitsstrukturen und prospektive Arbeitsgestaltung bei Automatisierung) vor. Anschließend berichten sie von dessen Anwendung und diskutieren Fragen der Übertragbarkeit.
Weiterbildung für Inhaber mittlerer und einfacher Qualifikationen im Verwaltungsbereich
Authors: Vogel Ulrike , Karolat Bernd
Published: October 2020

Die Verbreitung neuer Technologien in den Verwaltungen stellt die Personal- und Bildungsabteilungen vor das Problem einer adäquaten Weiterbildung auch für die betroffenen Mitarbeiter mit mittleren und einfachen Qualifikationen. Nach der Analyse von Weiterbildungsangeboten betrieblicher und außerbetrieblicher Weiterbildungsträger sowie nach entsprechenden Expertengesprächen zeigt sich in der Tendenz eine Polarisierung der Weiterbildung als Einführung in die Handhabung jeweils neuer Geräte für die unteren Mitarbeiterränge und als Vermittlung von Überblickswissen für gehobenere Ränge. Nach neueren empirischen Untersuchungen könnte jedoch auch bei Mitarbeitern mit mittleren und einfachen Qualifikationen eine umfassende Weiterbildung, die neben der notwendigen technischen Schulung die weiteren betrieblichen und auch gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhänge der jeweiligen Veränderungen vermittelt, wobei auch das Lernen gelernt, Streßmanagement geübt sowie Kommunikations- und Kooperationsfähigkeiten erweitert werden, für Betroffene und auch den Betrieb von Nutzen sein.
Die Wirkung von Vorurteilen
Authors: Watzka Klaus
Published: October 2020

Vor dem Hintergrund sinkender Arbeitslosenzahlen und eines groß angelegten Programms zur betrieblichen Reintegration von Langzeitarbeitslosen, das der Bundesminister für Arbeit und Sozialordnung zum 01. Juli 1989 aufgelegt hat und das v.a. Lohnkostenzuschüsse für die Arbeitgeber enthält, ist kritisch nach Hemmfaktoren zu fragen, die die erfolgreiche Reintegration ehemaliger Arbeitsloser in die Betriebe verzögern oder sogar verhindern könnten. Ein wichtiges Hemmnis wird in der Existenz von Vorurteilen gesehen, die dem einzugliedernden Arbeitslosen durch seine Vorgesetzten und durch seine Arbeitskollegen entgegengebracht werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einige ausgewählte empirische Ergebnisse der sog. “Psychologischen Arbeitslosenforschung” zur Stigmatisierung von Arbeitslosen durch die Bevölkerung dar (Teil 1), faßt die wesentlichen theoretischen Hintergründe zum Vorurteilsmechanismus zusammen (Teil 2) und analysiert in Form von hypothetischen Überlegungen, wie sich Vorurteile durch Vorgesetzte (Teil 3) und Arbeitskollegen (Teil 4) im Prozeß der betrieblichen Reintegration dysfunktional auswirken. Im abschließenden Teil 5 werden einige erste Überlegungen zum Abbau von Vorurteilen vorgestellt.
Personalentwicklung in mitbestimmungspolitischer Perspektive
Authors: Breisig Thomas
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle der Mitbestimmung im Bereich der Personalentwicklung – einer in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Fachliteratur völlig unterbelichteten Facette. Nach Abwägen der Interessenlagen der Akteure werden die rechtlichen Grundlagen, der Mitbestimmung des Betriebsrats im Bereich der betrieblichen Berufsbildung erörtert. Ausgehend von der immer wieder bestätigten Beobachtung, daß die meisten Betriebsräte ihre Rechte nicht ausschöpfen, werden auf der Basis neuerer Studien ihre Aktivitäten in diesem Handlungsfeld näher untersucht. Abschließend werden Beispiele für die wenigen vorliegenden Regelungsansätze der betrieblichen Berufsbildung im Rahmen von Betriebsvereinbarungen bzw. Tarifverträgen vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Tumor-targeted nanoparticles improve the therapeutic index of BCL2 and MCL1 dual inhibition
Authors: Bala Tannan Neeta , Manzari Mandana T. , Herviou Laurie , Da Silva Ferreira Mariana , Hagen Connor , Kiguchi Hiroto , Manova-Todorova Katia , Seshan Venkatraman , de Stanchina Elisa , Heller Daniel A. , Younes Anas
Published: October 2020

Cancer and normal cells use multiple antiapoptotic BCL2 proteins to prevent cell death. Therapeutic targeting of multiple BCL2 family proteins enhances tumor killing but is also associated with increased systemic toxicity. Here, we demonstrate that the dual targeting of MCL1 and BCL2 proteins using the small molecules S63845 and venetoclax induces durable remissions in mice that harbor human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumors but is accompanied by hematologic toxicity and weight loss. To mitigate these toxicities, we encapsulated S63845 or venetoclax into nanoparticles that target P-selectin, which is enriched in tumor endothelial cells. In vivo and ex vivo imaging demonstrated preferential targeting of the nanoparticles to lymphoma tumors over vital organs. Mass spectrometry analyses after administration of nanoparticle drugs confirmed tumor enrichment of the drug while reducing plasma levels. Furthermore, nanoparticle encapsulation allowed 3.5- to 6.5-fold reduction in drug dose, induced sustained remissions, and minimized toxicity. Our results support the development of nanoparticles to deliver BH3 mimetic combinations in lymphoma and in general for toxic drugs in cancer therapy.
The influence of active and passive air humidification on exhaled breath condensate volume
Authors: Hjembaek-Brandt Jeppe , Hindborg Mathias , Jensen Andreas K. , Dalby Sørensen Christian Ari , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Maltesen Raluca Georgiana , Bestle Morten Heiberg
Published: October 2020

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is safely collected in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients, but there are no guidelines regarding humidification of inhaled air during EBC collection. We investigated the influence of active and passive air humidification on EBC volumes obtained from MV patients.

We collected 29 EBC samples from 21 critically ill MV patients with one condition of active humidification and four different conditions of non-humidification; 19 samples from 19 surgical MV patients with passive humidification and two samples from artificial lungs MV with active humidification. The main outcome was the obtained EBC volume per 100 L exhaled air.

When collected with different conditions of non-humidification, mean [95% CI] EBC volumes did not differ significantly (1.35 [1.23; 1.46]versus1.16 [1.05; 1.28]versus1.27 [1.13; 1.41]versus1.17 [1.00; 1.33] mL/100 L, p=0.114). EBC volumes were higher with active humidification than with non-humidification (2.05 [1.91; 2.19]versus1.25 [1.17; 1.32] mL/100 L, p<0.001). The volume difference between these corresponded to the EBC volume obtained from artificial lungs (0.81 [0.62; 0.99]versus0.89 mL/100 L, p=0.287). EBC volumes were lower for surgical MV patients with passive humidification compared to critically ill MV patients with non-humidification (0.55 [0.47; 0.63]versus1.25 [1.17; 1.32] mL/100 L, p<0.001).

While active humidification increases EBC volumes, passive humidification decreases EBC volumes and possibly influences EBC composition by other mechanisms. We propose that EBC should be collected from MV patients without air humidification to improve reproducibility and comparability across studies, and that humidification conditions should always be reported.
Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Disease 2019
Authors: Wagner Darcy E. , Ikonomou Laertis , Gilpin Sarah E. , Magin Chelsea M. , Cruz Fernanda , Greaney Allison , Magnusson Mattias , Chen Ya-Wen , Davis Brian , Vanuytsel Kim , Rolandsson Enes Sara , Krasnodembskaya Anna , Lehmann Mareike , Westergren-Thorsson Gunilla , Stegmayr John , Alsafadi Hani N. , Hoffman Evan T. , Weiss Daniel J. , Ryan Amy L.
Published: October 2020

A workshop entitled “Stem Cells, Cell Therapies and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases” was hosted by the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine in collaboration with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the Alpha-1 Foundation, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy and the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation. The event was held from July 15 to 18, 2019 at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. The objectives of the conference were to review and discuss the current status of the following active areas of research: 1) technological advancements in the analysis and visualisation of lung stem and progenitor cells; 2) evaluation of lung stem and progenitor cells in the context of their interactions with the niche; 3) progress toward the application and delivery of stem and progenitor cells for the treatment of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis; 4) progress in induced pluripotent stem cell models and application for disease modelling; and 5) the emerging roles of cell therapy and extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation of the lung. This selection of topics represents some of the most dynamic research areas in which incredible progress continues to be made. The workshop also included active discussion on the regulation and commercialisation of regenerative medicine products and concluded with an open discussion to set priorities and recommendations for future research directions in basic and translation lung biology.
European Respiratory Society International Congress, Madrid, 2019: nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease highlights
Authors: Chalmers James D. , Balavoine Charlotte , Castellotti Paola F. , Hügel Christian , Payet Annabelle , Wat Dennis , Rohde Gernot
Published: October 2020

Once overlooked, awareness of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is rapidly rising, in line with increasing prevalence worldwide. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2019, held in Madrid, Spain, provided a platform for invigorating discussions and exciting new research in the field. This article explores approaches being taken to combat NTM-PD with a focus not only on novel prevalence and risk factor data, but also on emerging antimicrobials and their routes of delivery, and other potential treatment options in early clinical development.
Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study
Authors: Rüdel Heinz , Kosfeld Verena , Fliedner Annette , Radermacher Georg , Schlechtriem Christian , Duffek Anja , Rauert Caren , Koschorreck Jan
Published: October 2020

Background

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the monitoring of biota—preferably fish—to check the compliance of tissue concentrations of priority substances (PS) against substance-specific environmental quality standards (EQSs). In monitoring programs, different fish species are covered, which often are secondary consumers with a trophic level (TL) of about 3. For harmonization, a normalization of monitoring data to a common trophic level is proposed, i.e., TL 4 (predatory fish) in freshwaters, so that data would be sufficiently protective. For normalization, the biomagnification properties of the chemicals can be considered by applying substance-specific trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Alternatively, TL-corrected biomagnification factors (BMFTLs) may be applied. Since it is impractical to derive site-specific TMFs or BMFTLs, often data from literature will be used for normalization. However, available literature values for TMFs and BMFTLs are quite varying. In the present study, the use of literature-derived TMFs and BMFTLs in data normalization is studied more closely.

Results

An extensive literature evaluation was conducted to identify appropriate TMFs for the WFD PS polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), hexachlorobenzene, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (PCDD/F + dl-PCB), hexabromocyclododecane, and mercury. The TMFs eventually derived were applied to PS monitoring data sets of fish from different trophic levels (chub, bream, roach, and perch) from two German rivers. For comparison, PFOS and PBDE data were also normalized using literature-retrieved BMFTLs.

Conclusions

The evaluation illustrates that published TMFs and BMFTLs for WFD PS are quite variable and the selection of appropriate values for TL 4 normalization can be challenging. The normalized concentrations partly included large uncertainties when considering the range of selected TMFs, but indicated whether an EQS exceedance at TL 4 can be expected. Normalization of the fish monitoring data revealed that levels of substances accumulating in the food web (TMF or BMF > 1) can be underestimated when relying on fish with TL < 4 for EQS compliance assessment. The evaluation also revealed that TMF specifically derived for freshwater ecosystems in Europe would be advantageous. Field-derived BMFTLs seemed to be no appropriate alternative to TMFs, because they can vary even stronger than TMFs.
miR168 targets Argonaute1A mediated miRNAs regulation pathways in response to potassium deficiency stress in tomato
Authors: Liu Xin , Tan Chunchang , Cheng Xin , Zhao Xiaoming , Li Tianlai , Jiang Jing
Published: October 2020

Background

Potassium (K+) is an essential ion for most plants, as it is involved in the regulation of growth and development. K+ homeostasis in plant cells has evolved to facilitate plant adaptation to K+-deficiency stress. Argonaute1 (AGO1) is regulated by miR168 to modulate the small RNA regulatory pathway by RNA silencing complex (RISC) in tomatoes. However, the role of miR168-mediated regulation of AGO1 in the context of K+ deficiency stress in tomatoes has not been elucidated yet.

Results

SlmiR168 and its target gene SlAGO1A were differentially expressed among low-K+-tolerant JZ34 and low-K+-sensitive JZ18 tomato plants. Transgenic tomato plants constitutively expressing pri-SlmiR168a showed stronger root system growth, better leaves development, and higher K+ contents in roots under K+-deficiency stress than those of the transgenic tomato lines expressing rSlAGO1A (SlmiR168-resistant) and the wild type (WT). Deep sequencing analysis showed that 62 known microRNAs (miRNAs) were up-regulated in 35S:rSlAGO1 compared with WT tomatoes. The same miRNAs were down-regulated in 35S:SlmiR168a compared with WT plants. The integrated analysis found 12 miRNA/mRNA pairs from the 62 miRNAs, including the root growth and cytokinin (CTK)/abscisic acid (ABA) pathways.

Conclusions

The regulation mediated by SlmiR168 of SlAGO1A contributes to the plant development under low-K+ stress. Moreover, this regulation mechanism may influence downstream miRNA pathways in response to low-K+ stress through the CTK/ABA and root growth modulation pathways.
Evaluation of alveolar recruitment maneuver on respiratory resistance during general anesthesia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Nakahira Junko , Nakano Shoko , Minami Toshiaki
Published: October 2020

Background

Alveolar recruitment maneuvers enable easily reopening nonaerated lung regions via a transient elevation in transpulmonary pressure. To evaluate the effect of these maneuvers on respiratory resistance, we used an oscillatory technique during mechanical ventilation. This study was conducted to assess the effect of the alveolar recruitment maneuvers on respiratory resistance under routine anesthesia. We hypothesized that respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (R5) after the maneuver would be decreased after the lung aeration.

Methods

After receiving the ethics committee’s approval, we enrolled 33 patients who were classified with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of 1, 2 or 3 and were undergoing general anesthesia for transurethral resection of a bladder tumor within a 12-month period from 2017 to 2018. The recruitment maneuver was performed 30 min after endotracheal intubation. The maneuver consisted of sustained manual inflation of the anesthesia reservoir bag to a peak inspiratory pressure of 40 cmH2O for 15 s, including 5 s of gradually increasing the peak inspiratory pressure. Respiratory resistance was measured using the forced oscillation technique before and after the maneuver, and the mean R5 was calculated during the expiratory phase. The respiratory resistance and ventilator parameter results were analyzed using paired Student’st-tests, andp < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

We analyzed 31 patients (25 men and 6 women). R5 was 7.3 ± 1.6 cmH2O/L/sec before the recruitment maneuver during mechanical ventilation and was significantly decreased to 6.4 ± 1.7 cmH2O/L/sec after the maneuver. Peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure were significantly decreased, and pulmonary compliance was increased, although the values were not clinically relevant.

Conclusion

The recruitment maneuver decreased respiratory resistance and increased lung compliance during mechanical ventilation.

Trial registration

Name of registry: Japan Medical Association Center for Clinical Trials.

Trial registration number: reference JMA-IIA00136.

Date of registration: 2 September 2013.

URL of trial registry record:https://dbcentre3.jmacct.med.or.jp/JMACTR/App/JMACTRE02_04/JMACTRE02_04.aspx?kbn=3&seqno=3582
Challenging oneself on the threshold to the world of research – frail older people’s experiences of involvement in research
Authors: Berge Isak , Barenfeld Emmelie , Dahlin-Ivanoff Synneve , Haak Maria , Lood Qarin
Published: October 2020

Background

User involvement of people outside academia in research is argued to increase relevance of research for society and to empower the involved lay persons. Frail older people can be a hard to reach group for research and thus an underrepresented group in research. There is a lack of knowledge how collaboration with frail older people should be best performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore frail older people’s experiences of involvement in research.

Methods

In this study we have invited people, 75 years of age or older screened as physically frail and who have previously participated in a study as data sources, to share their experiences by intensive interviewing. Data was collected and analysed in parallel inspired by a constructivist grounded theory approach.

Results

The results demonstrate how frail older people have different incentives, how their context of ageing and the unusual position of being involved in research altogether influenced how, where and in what way they wished to be involved in research. This is described in three categories:Contributing to making a difference for oneself and others, Living a frail existenceandBeing on somebody else’s turf.The categories compose the core category,Challenging oneself on the threshold to the world of research, which symbolises the perceived distance between the frail older people themselves and the research world, but also the challenges the frail older people could go through when choosing to be involved in research.

Conclusions

Frail older people have a varied capacity to participate in research, but in what way and how is difficult to know before they have been involved in the process of research. Our results advocate that it is problematic to exclude frail older people a priori and that there is a potential for new perspectives and knowledge to be shaped in the encounter and in the relationship between the researcher and the frail older person. For research to be able to cater for frail older people’s needs of health services, their voices need to be heard and taken into consideration.
Traumatic brain injury—the effects of patient age on treatment intensity and mortality
Authors: Skaansar Ola , Tverdal Cathrine , Rønning Pål Andre , Skogen Karoline , Brommeland Tor , Røise Olav , Aarhus Mads , Andelic Nada , Helseth Eirik
Published: October 2020

Background

Ageing is associated with worse treatment outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This association may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy that affects treatment efficacy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of treatment bias in patient outcomes by studying the intensity of diagnostic procedures, treatment, and overall 30-day mortality in different age groups of patients with TBI.

Methods

Included in this study was consecutively admitted patients with TBI, aged ≥ 15 years, with a cerebral CT showing intracranial signs of trauma, during the time-period between 2015–2018. Data were extracted from our prospective quality control registry for admitted TBI patients. As a measure of management intensity in different age groups, we made a composite score, where placement of intracranial pressure monitor, ventilator treatment, and evacuation of intracranial mass lesion each gave one point. Uni- and multivariate survival analyses were performed using logistic multinomial regression.

Results

A total of 1,571 patients with TBI fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age was 58 years (range 15–98), 70% were men, and 39% were ≥ 65 years. Head injury severity was mild in 706 patients (45%), moderate in 437 (28%), and severe in 428 (27%). Increasing age was associated with less management intensity, as measured using the composite score, irrespective of head injury severity. Multivariate analyses showed that the following parameters had a significant association with an increased risk of death within 30 days of trauma: increasing age, severe comorbidities, severe TBI, Rotterdam CT-score ≥ 3, and low management intensity.

Conclusion

The present study indicates that the management intensity of hospitalised patients with TBI decreased with advanced age and that low management intensity was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. This suggests that the high mortality among elderly TBI patients may have an element of treatment bias and could in the future be limited with a more aggressive management regime.
Inducing multiple antibodies to treat squamous cell esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Hoshino Isamu , Nabeya Yoshihiro , Takiguchi Nobuhiro , Gunji Hisashi , Ishige Fumitaka , Iwatate Yosuke , Kuwajima Akiko , Shiratori Fumiaki , Okada Rei , Shimada Hideaki
Published: October 2020

Background

The positive response and the clinical usefulness of 14 serum antibodies in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were examined in this study. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to investigate the frequency of gene expressions, mutations, and amplification of these 14 antigens and also the possible effects of antibody induction.

Methods

Blood serum derived from 85 patients with ESCC was collected and analyzed for the 14 antibodies using ELISA. The prognosis between positive and negative antibodies were then compared. The antibody panel included LGALS1, HCA25a, HCC-22-5, and HSP70.

Results

Patient serum was positive for all antibodies, except VEGF, with the positive rates ranging from 1.18 to 10.59%. Positive rates for LGALS1, HCA25a, HCC-22-5, and HSP70 were > 10%. TCGA data revealed that all antigen-related genes had little or no mutation or amplification, and hence an increase in gene expression affected antibody induction. The positive results from the panel accounted for the positive rate comparable to the combination of CEA and SCC. No significant association was observed between the presence of antibodies and disease prognosis.

Conclusions

The detection rates of LGALS1, HCA25a, HCC-22-5, and HSP70 were 10% higher in patients with ESCC. Gene overexpression may be involved in such antibody production. These four antibodies were applied as a panel in comparison with conventional tumor markers. Moreover, it was confirmed that the combination of this panel and the conventional tumor markers significantly improved the positive rate.