bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase diagram of the
J1−J2
Heisenberg second-order topological quantum magnet
Authors: Vecsei Pascal M. , Lado Jose L.
Published: February 2025

Competing interactions in quantum magnets lead to a variety of emergent states, including ordered phases, nematic magnets, and quantum spin liquids. Among them, topological quantum magnets represent a promising platform to create topological excitations protected by the bulk many-body excitation gap. Here we establish the phase diagram of a breathing frustrated antiferromagnetic J1−J2-Heisenberg model, featuring both ordered states and a higher-order topological quantum magnet state. Using variational many-body methods based on neural network quantum states and tensor networks, we determine the existence of a first-order phase transition between stripe order and the topological quantum magnet and the second-order phase transition between the Néel order and quantum magnet phase, further corroborated by calculations of the many-body gap. Using an auxiliary fermion parton formalism, we show the emergence of topological spinon corner modes stemming from the breathing order parameter of the parent Heisenberg model. Our results establish the breathing frustrated square lattice Heisenberg model as a paradigmatic system to engineer topological quantum magnetism, as recently realized in Ti lattices at MgO.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Fisher’s information matrix approach for Fourier features physics-informed neural networks for two-dimensional local time-fractional anomalous diffusion equations with nonlinear thermal diffusivity
Authors: Jha Navnit , Mallik Ekansh
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the influence of Fourier-feature enhanced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) on effectively solving two-dimensional local time-fractional anomalous diffusion equations with nonlinear thermal diffusivity. By tackling the shortcomings of conventional numerical methods in managing fractional derivatives and nonlinearities, this research addresses a significant gap in the literature regarding efficient solution strategies for complex diffusion processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a quantitative methodology featuring a feed-forward neural network architecture combined with a Fourier feature layer. Automatic differentiation is implemented to ensure precise gradient calculations for fractional derivatives. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is showcased through numerical simulations across various sub-diffusion and super-diffusion scenarios, with fractal space parameters adjusted to examine behavior. In addition, the training process is assessed using the Fisher information matrix to analyze the loss landscape.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the Fourier-feature enhanced PINNs effectively capture the dynamics of the anomalous diffusion equation, achieving greater solution accuracy than traditional methods. The analysis using the Fisher information matrix underscores the importance of hyperparameter tuning in optimizing network performance. These findings support the hypothesis that Fourier features improve the model’s capacity to represent complex solution behaviors, providing the relationship between model architecture and diffusion dynamics.

Originality/value

This research presents a novel approach to solving fractional anomalous diffusion equations through Fourier-feature enhanced PINNs. The results contribute to the advancement of computational methods in areas such as thermal engineering, materials science and biological diffusion modeling, while also providing a foundation for future investigations into training dynamics within neural networks.
Rethinking work, with the pandemic disruption: metatheorizing with world hypotheses and systems changes
Authors: Ing David , Nousala Susu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

As economies have reopened after the COVID-19 pandemic, resumption of pre-pandemic normalcy in work has not been uniform. For each worker and leader, an essential question is whether the world of work has changed irreversibly, or if prior careers and business models can be resumed. A philosophical inquiry into theories of the world of work provides a framing that separates everyday changes from systems changes.

Design/methodology/approach

A metatheoretical approach to world theories from 1942 is revisited. Attention is drawn to systems of knowledge along the dimensions of analytic-deductive treatments, and dispersive-integrative treatments. Socio-Technical Systems relate to Organicism, and Socio-Ecological Systems relate to Contextualism. Reworking a processual philosophy, an alternative World Hypothesis is proposed.

Findings

(Con)texturalism-dyadicism reframes causal texture theory as (1) rhythmic pacing; (2) dyadic diachrony; and (3) transformative reifying. New insights into the effects with the onset and passing of the pandemic disruption are gained.

Research limitations/implications

Updating systems theories of socio-technical and socio-ecological perspectives invokes a post-colonial constructivist philosophy that appreciates roots in American pragmatism, ecological anthropology, and Chinese philosophy of science. The emphasis of systems rhythms prioritizes a processual orientation, compatible with a yinyang material-immaterial onto-epistemology.

Practical implications

As the world recovers from the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the changed nature of work is only one of many aspects that been altered. Systems perspectives both of parts inside an organization (i.e. socio-technical individuals in groups) and wholes alongside other wholes (i.e. socio-ecological groups co-responding with their (con)textures) are not independent, but interrelated. Disruption of work systems may result in only incremental adaptation for some, with transformative shifts in world theory for others. Recognizing that organizations change from within, persistent pathologies may be diagnosed.

Originality/value

Systems theories of work from the 1960s were based on pragmatism from the 1940s. The metatheoretical contextualism of Stephen C. Pepper is complemented by a 21st century constructivist philosophy that is post-colonial and non-anthropocentric. Reifying organizational systems theories for audiences founded on a Western philosophy of science requires extended explanations bridging over to a non-Western (i.e. Classical Chinese) lineage.
“Everything, everywhere, all at once”: the role of accounting and reporting in achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Argento Daniela , Sharma Umesh , Soobaroyen Teerooven
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight and compare insights from research conducted in the field of accounting and reporting for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the public, not-for-profit and hybrid sectors. It is also an introduction to the special issue on “Sustainability Accounting and Reporting for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Progress, Challenges, and Future Research Agenda”.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the findings and reflections in the academic literature on developments in the SDG accounting and reporting practices across public, not-for-profit and hybrid sectors globally.

Findings

The findings of the review indicate that SDG accounting and reporting practices of public, not-for-profit and hybrid sectors are still in their infancy. Considerable political and organisational barriers hinder the achievement of SDGs. Nonetheless, aligning local and global goals, engaging stakeholders effectively and implementing robust progress monitoring and review systems can facilitate a meaningful engagement with the SDGs. The special issue articles offer decision-makers valuable insights on the factors enabling the adoption and implementation of SDGs.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the ongoing discussions on the role of accounting and reporting processes within public, not-for-profit and hybrid sectors in advancing the achievement of SDGs.
Out of the public eye: the art of redirection in webcare apologies
Authors: Johnston Laurel , Melancon Joanna Phillips , Leguizamon J. Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Purpose

In response to the growing popularity of brands’ using social media as a customer service channel (webcare), this research examines how companies redirect consumers from the public social media feed to a private channel. The purpose of this paper is to understand how to redirect consumers using service failure apologies and to discuss personalization’s role in these service recoveries.

Design/methodology/approach

A text mining study reveals how companies use redirection on social media. Then, two experiments test the impact of redirection types and personalization on consumer perceptions and intentions.

Findings

Service representatives frequently require consumers to initiate the first message after redirecting them from the public social media feed (a consumer-responsible redirection). Personalizing webcare apologies increases repurchase intentions and relational advocacy regardless of the redirection strategy used. Consumers are more likely to publicly respond to companies that initiate the first message in a private channel (a company-responsible redirection).

Practical implications

Although most service providers require consumers to co-produce service recovery redirections (consumer-responsible redirection), this requirement may not be optimal. If a consumer-responsible redirection must be used, then personalization may improve consumers’ perceptions of webcare apology’s sincerity.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test different types of redirections in webcare. The authors extend the literature on personalization and webcare apologies by examining how these webcare components operate with redirections. The need to prevent public complaints’ spiraling out of control contributes to this research’s timely value.
The digital transformation for innovative business models in the financial industry: the perspective of engaging strategic stakeholders
Authors: de Morais Carlos Eduardo , Sehnem Simone
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To analyze the role of technologies in digital transformation (DT) and innovative business models (IBMs) in the financial industry (FI) from the perspective of strategic stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted with articles written between 2008 and 2023, utilizing Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Wiley databases.

Findings

The adoption of innovative technologies, digital platforms and automation was identified as the key outcome. The connection between stakeholder involvement and technologies in DT is emphasized. A theoretical framework integrating DT into organizational objectives is proposed.

Research limitations/implications

The study presents limitations in the selection of databases and suggests a deeper exploration of stakeholder involvement.

Originality/value

This systematization resulted in the framework presented in figure 6, comprising strategic elements that can be used as a managerial tool by managers seeking to internalize the principles of DT.
The Bacterial Genus Ramlibacter: Betaproteobacteria Capable of Surviving in Oligotrophic Environments Thanks to Several Shared Genetic Adaptation Traits
Authors: De Luca Gilles , Barakat Mohamed , Verméglio André , Achouak Wafa , Heulin Thierry
Published: February 2025

Ramlibacter tataouinensis, the type species of the genus Ramlibacter, is renowned for its ability to thrive in hot, arid and nutrient‐poor desert soils. To investigate whether its adaptive properties are shared across all 20 currently described Ramlibacter species found in diverse terrestrial and aquatic habitats worldwide, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 16S rRNA sequences and genomic information available from the literature. Our study encompassed approximately 40 deposited genomes, allowing us to propose a genomic phylogeny that aligns with the 16S rRNA phylogeny. Our findings reveal several conserved features across the genus Ramlibacter. This includes the presence of light sensors, environmental sensing networks, organic carbon and phosphate acquisition systems and the ability to store carbon and energy in the form of polyhydroxyalkanoate or polyphosphate granules. These shared traits rationalise the widespread distribution of Ramlibacter in oligotrophic terrestrial and aquatic environments. They also explain the genus' ability to withstand desiccation, endure extended periods of starvation, and survive in nutrient‐depleted conditions. Notably, certain adaptive features are further enhanced in several species by their pleiomorphism and ability to form cysts. Overall, our study not only highlights the ecological adaptations of Ramlibacter species but also extends our understanding of microbial ecology in oligotrophic environments.
Retrenchment Without Liberalisation: Making Sense of Sweden's Shift Away From Consensual and Evidence‐Based Politics
Authors: Bergh Andreas , Erlingsson Gissur Ó
Published: February 2025

Fifteen years ago, Bergh and Erlingsson (2009) argued that Sweden's period from 1980 to 2000 was characterised by ‘liberalisation without retrenchment’. This resulted from pragmatic policymaking, a consensus‐building governmental inquiry system and close links between policymakers and academics. We use new data to confirm that total tax revenue and economic freedom increased in Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s. After 2000, however, the trends reversed: between 2000 and 2020, taxes, welfare state generosity, and economic freedom declined. To explain the shift from ‘liberalisation without retrenchment’ to ‘retrenchment without liberalisation’, we explore seven tentative explanations: (1) changes in the system of government commissions, (2) social media's impact, (3) deteriorating relations between politics and academics, (4) the death of bloc politics and increasing fragmentation of the party system, (5) the decline of corporatism and the rise of lobbying, (6) changes in the policies promoted by the European Union and the OECD and (7) younger politicians in parliament and government.
“The Poor Are Hit the Hardest”—Norwegians' Perceptions of Climate (In)Justice
Authors: Gregersen Thea , Helliesen Mari S. , Jagers Sverker C.
Published: February 2025

The concept of climate justice is frequently discussed in academic literature focusing on the societal impacts of climate change and climate policy. Less attention has been paid to the public's understanding of the concept. In this paper, we investigate whether the public acknowledges a link between climate change and (in)justice, and, if so, what they consider unjust. A representative sample of the Norwegian public (N = 1923) was asked what, if anything, they think can be unjust about climate change, in an open‐ended survey question. Categorizing the responses in line with conventional climate justice dimensions, we found that the majority of respondents referred to some type of distributional justice, while few referred to procedural or recognition justice arguments. Analysing the responses in a bottom‐up manner, by identifying recurring themes, revealed a frequent emphasis on international distribution, followed by distribution between rich and poor and unjust climate policies. We also identified arguments diffusing Norway's responsibility, typically focusing on Norway being a small country. Our findings give insights into the type of justice arguments likely to be recognized and accepted by the Norwegian public, and how this may vary between social groups.
Outcomes of an organisational change program aimed at increasing smoking cessation support within Australian community managed mental health organisations: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Twyman Laura , Walsberger Scott , Baker Amanda L. , Ahmadi Sima , Oldmeadow Christopher , Weber Marianne , Lawn Sharon , Hefler Marita , Bowman Jennifer , Boss Philippa , Ko Karina , Scott Alexandra , Fienberg Brigitte , Watts Christina , Brooks Alecia , Ireland Rebecca , Bonevski Billie
Published: February 2025

Aim

To test the effectiveness of an organisational change intervention aimed at increasing the offer of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in community managed mental health organisations.

Design

A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial with cluster as the unit of randomisation and six‐ and nine‐month follow‐up from baseline.

Setting

Twelve clusters comprising 26 sites providing community based, psychosocial support to people with severe mental illness in New South Wales, Australia, were randomised to control (n = 13 sites, n = 118 consumers) or intervention (n = 13 sites, n = 139 consumers) arms between 2018 and 2019.

Participants

Eligible consumers (aged 16 years and older; self‐reported daily or occasional cigarette use) completed surveys at baseline (n = 257) and at six‐ (n = 162, 63%) and nine‐month follow‐up (n = 144, 56%).

Intervention

The intervention included a financial grant, face‐to‐face and on‐line training and proactive monthly support to guide implementation. The active control condition included on‐line training and generic, scheduled support via email.

Measurements

The primary outcome was whether consumers reported receiving an offer of NRT at nine‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcomes at the consumer, staff and organisational level were also measured.

Findings

Consumers in the intervention group had statistically significantly higher odds of being offered NRT at nine‐month follow‐up compared with control (intention to treat missing = no offer: 38% versus 7%, odds ratio 5.72, 95% confidence interval = 2.2, 14.9). There were no statistically significant differences in seven‐day point prevalence or continuous abstinence at six‐ or nine‐month follow‐ups.

Conclusions

An organisational change‐based program led to an increase in the offer of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) nine months after program initiation in community managed mental health organisations, compared with active control. There was evidence of greater NRT use in the intervention condition at nine months but no evidence of differences on abstinence measures at six or nine months.
Spontaneous and pharmacologically induced hypothermia protect mice against endotoxic shock
Authors: Tinajero Arely , Merchant Warda , Khan Adan , Surbhi  , Caron Alexandre , Reynolds Ryan , Jia Lin , Gautron Laurent
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

Despite the well‐known occurrence of hypothermia during sepsis, its underlying biological nature and adaptive value remain debated.

Experimental Approach

Using indirect calorimetry, telemetry, thermal gradient studies and pharmacological studies, we examined the thermal and metabolic responses of mice treated with a shock‐inducing lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Key Results

We report that LPS‐treated mice undergo spontaneous hypothermia, driven by hypometabolism and cold‐seeking behaviours, even when animals approach the end of life. Conversely, rewarming LPS‐treated mice at 30°C delayed hypothermia but worsened mortality, thus highlighting the adaptive importance of hypothermia. Additionally, we show that LPS‐induced hypothermia was partly mediated by peripheral neurotensin expressed in response to vascular toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. The administration of a neurotensin analogue (JMV449) induced pharmacological hypothermia and significantly ameliorated the clinical presentation and lethality rates in LPS‐treated mice. Moreover, the therapeutic benefits of pharmacological hypothermia were prevented when LPS‐treated mice were switched to 30°C. Lastly, these beneficial outcomes were attributed to a reduction in oxygen consumption, metabolic stress and cytopathic hypoxia, rather than the modulation of the cytokine storm.

Conclusion and Implications

Collectively, our findings indicate that spontaneous and pharmacologically‐induced hypothermia protect against endotoxic shock.
Antibiotic‐induced decrease of bacterial load in guinea pig intestine reduces α2‐adrenoceptor expression and activity in peristaltic motor inhibition
Authors: Farzi Aitak , Tatzl Eva , Kashofer Karl , Trajanoski Slave , Herbert Michael K. , Holzer Peter
Published: February 2025

Background and Purpose

The use of analgosedatives in critically ill patients carries the risk of impairing gastrointestinal (GI) propulsion and could thereby lead to sepsis. The gut microbiota can influence GI motility, but whether GI microbial dysbiosis modifies GI peristalsis impairment by analgosedative drugs has not yet been analysed. This question was addressed in the guinea pig small intestine following a decrease of bacterial load by antibiotic pretreatment.

Experimental Approach

Guinea pigs were enorally (within the mouth) pretreated with meropenem, neomycin and vancomycin, and antibiotic‐induced decrease of bacterial load was confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Peristalsis in the isolated guinea pig small intestine was evaluated by determining the pressure threshold at which a peristaltic wave is triggered. The expression of factors that may be relevant to communication between GI microbiota and the motor system was examined at the mRNA (quantitative (q)PCR]) and/or protein (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) level.

Key Results

Antibiotic treatment disturbed the small intestinal microbiome as shown by decrease of bacterial load and reduced alpha diversity. Microbial dysbiosis did not affect peristalsis at baseline but blunted the ability of α2 agonists to inhibit peristalsis, while the anti‐peristaltic effects of sufentanil, midazolam, neostigmine and propofol were inconsistently affected. These functional alterations were complemented by a decreased expression of α2‐adrenoceptors, toll‐like receptors (TRL) 3, 4 & 7, IFN‐γ and iNOS.

Conclusion and Implications

Antibiotic‐induced decrease of bacterial load in the small intestine selectively blunts the ability of α2 agonists to impair peristalsis. This effect is explained by decreased α2‐adrenoceptor expression, which may arise from TLR down‐regulation in the dysbiotic gut.
Air and surface temperature modelling across a temperate mountain landscape: An investigation of microclimatic influences on surface offsets viewed within the context of epigaeic arthropod thermal habitat
Authors: Hassink Nick , Bonnaventure Philip P. , Johnson Dan L.
Published: February 2025

Development of high‐resolution temperature models in mountain environments must include consideration of the influence of complex topography and seasonality on thermal distribution across horizontal and vertical scales. Small‐bodied organisms, including arthropods, in montane and alpine ecosystems inhabit environments for which local microclimate and heat transfer is especially important. We developed and applied high‐resolution air and surface temperature models for a remote mountain environment using in‐situ data for interpolation procedures in ArcGIS Pro. This approach requires recording directional and time‐period specific lapse rates to aid in the development of air temperature models. Also examined is the offset between air temperature and surface temperature and to what extent air temperature alone is a reliable indicator of ground‐level thermal conditions. We describe an environmentally inclusive surface temperature modelling method that allows for the addition of explanatory layers (landcover, elevation, aspect, slope, and topographic position index) aiding in the interpolation process. These models are used to delineate thermally defined ecological zones and model unique thermal properties of relevance to arthropods across the southern Alberta study area.
On the trade effects of GATT/WTO membership: They are positive and large after all
Authors: Larch Mario , Monteiro José‐Antonio , Piermartini Roberta , Yotov Yoto V.
Published: February 2025

The existing empirical literature on impact of GATT/WTO membership on international trade is mixed. This paper contributes to solving the puzzle of “the missing GATT/WTO effects” by adhering closely to the theoretical foundations of the gravity model of trade. Capitalizing on the latest developments in the empirical trade literature and building a new and large data set covering 186 countries over the period 1980–2016, we estimate a theory‐consistent gravity equation, which includes intra‐national in addition to international trade flows. We find that joining GATT/WTO increased partial equilibrium trade between members by 140%. Our methods also deliver novel estimates of the impact of GATT/WTO on trade between members and non‐member countries, indicating an increase of 72%.
Comparing alcohol policy environments in high‐income jurisdictions with the International Alcohol Control Policy Index
Authors: Casswell Sally , Randerson Steve , Parker Karl , Huckle Taisia , Callinan Sarah , Campbell Orfhlaith , Karlsson Thomas , Rossow Ingeborg , Shorter Gillian , Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Vallance Kate , van Dalen Wim , Wettlaufer Ashley
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Considerable evidence exists on the most effective policy to reduce alcohol harm; however, a tool and index to allow comparisons of policy status of the most effective policies between similar jurisdictions and change over time within a jurisdiction has not been widely used. The International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index is designed to address this gap and monitor the alcohol policy environment with regard to four effective policy domains (tax/pricing, availability, marketing and drink driving).

Methods

This study compares IAC Policy Index scores across 11 high‐income jurisdictions: Aotearoa (Māori language name for New Zealand); Australia; Finland; Norway; the Netherlands; (Republic of Ireland; Lithuania; Ontario; Alberta; Quebec; British Columbia). Collaborators in the 11 high‐income jurisdictions populated the online Alcohol Policy Tool with available indicators. The team in Aotearoa New Zealand sought to validate information and worked with collaborators to clarify any uncertainties in the data.

Results

Lithuania, Norway, Finland and Ireland scored above average on the IAC Policy Index. The jurisdictions varied in terms of the strength of policy in different domains, with drink driving legislation showing the greatest consistency and marketing the strongest relationship between stringency of policy and impact on the ground.

Discussion and Conclusions

Results in high‐income jurisdictions suggested the IAC Policy Index provides a useful overview of core alcohol policy status, allows for comparisons between jurisdictions and has the potential to be useful in alcohol policy debate.
Relationships between writing, reading, and proficiency in Chinese immersion
Authors: Harvey Robin E. , Brooks Patricia J.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to further understanding of immersion language development by examining in‐class freewriting, classroom‐assessed reading, and year‐end STAMP 4Se proficiency levels in 4th‐grade Chinese immersion over an academic year. Specifically, we aimed to understand (1) how learners express themselves in freewriting, (2) growth in freewriting and Chinese reading levels across the year, and (3) relations between classroom‐based measures and proficiency measured by year‐end standardized tests of Chinese (STAMP 4Se). In freewriting, students used combinations of Chinese characters, Pinyin, homophones, English, and pictures. Writing and reading levels grew over the year, though the range was wide. Student reading levels measured by teachers were the most important predictor of year‐end proficiency across the four STAMP 4Se domains, while freewriting predicted reading and writing proficiency. Students who engaged in digital texting activities demonstrated higher speaking proficiency. Pedagogical recommendations include incorporating freewriting, extensive reading, and digital texting to improve partner language proficiency.
Who gathered in place for cultural activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic? Studies from event space user survey in Tokyo
Authors: Masashi Kurihara , Wan Yin Kimberly Fung , Satomi Sugiyama
Published: February 2025

The global spread of COVID‐19 has significantly affected cultural participation worldwide, including in cities and countries in East Asia. Scholars have observed that cultural activities and events transitioned online due to policy responses, such as lockdowns and other measures that restricted mobility. However, relatively little attention has been paid to face‐to‐face cultural activities and events held in physical spaces during the pandemic. Tokyo occupies a distinctive position for examining on‐site gatherings in place for cultural participation, as its infection control measures are less stringent compared with other East Asian cities. This study investigated individuals' cultural participation in physical cultural event spaces in Tokyo during the pandemic. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey targeting users of various cultural event spaces, including theaters, small theaters, concert/music halls, nightclubs, music venues, and doujin events. The analysis revealed four participation patterns: continuous participation, corona non‐participation, gradually increasing participation, and new participation, and identified the social factors influencing these patterns. Although cultural participation in physical venues was reduced owing to the risk of infection, this study found that the genres of cultural activities, attachment to places, and social ties contributed to the diversity of participation patterns. These findings suggest that while cultural participation has diminished for some respondents, it was also sustained in varied ways.
Phase segregation of aged MgCSZ–MgO directionally solidified eutectic composites
Authors: Oliete Patricia B. , Merino Rosa I. , Peña Jose I. , Sanjuán María Luisa
Published: February 2025

The improvement of the thermomechanical properties of Mg‐partially stabilized zirconia after appropriate thermal treatments is well known. Most studies in this subject have been conducted in polycrystalline materials produced by solid‐state reaction. In this work, we analyze the segregation behavior and mechanical properties of solidified eutectic composites of the ZrO2–MgO system, where MgO lamellae or fibers are embedded into a cubic Mg‐stabilized zirconia (MgCSZ) containing ∼18 mol% MgO. The eutectics have been aged at 1240 or 1225°C for periods varying between 2 and 24 h. This treatment results in the progressive phase separation of the MgCSZ matrix into different mixtures of tetragonal (t), monoclinic (m), δ (Mg2Zr5O12), and MgO phases. Two types of segregation are observed, according to whether the Mg‐rich phase is the metastable δ phase (type I) or MgO (type II). Both types may coexist in the same sample but type I predominates at 1240°C and type II at 1225°C. Type I is mainly of the t + δ type, although for long ageing time the t precipitates transform to monoclinic symmetry, resulting in a final m + δ segregation scheme. In type II segregation, the monoclinic phase is the main Mg‐poor product. Hardness and toughness have been studied by the Vickers indentation method. The indentation fracture toughness KIC increases progressively with ageing time and for 24 h treatment is more than doubled with respect to the as‐processed eutectic, while the hardness decreases slightly.
Mechanical and biological properties of zirconia crowns prepared by digital light processing
Authors: Su Jun‐Jie , Li Xin‐Yang , Liu Zi‐Mo , Wu Jia‐Min , Huang Cui , Yao Chen‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Wang Xiu‐Mei , Shi Yu‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

Zirconia (ZrO2) ceramics have been extensively used for dental restorations, but the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed zirconia materials have not been thoroughly validated yet. In this study, we employed digital light processing (DLP) technology to fabricate zirconia ceramic crowns. The variation in sintering temperature resulted in alterations in phase composition and microstructure. The ceramics exhibited high average relative density, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness values at 1500°C (97.33%, 1812.61 MPa, and 12.55 GPa, respectively). Meanwhile, the zirconia ceramics sintered at 1500°C showed a maximum flexural strength of 411.33 MPa. In addition, the DLP‐printed zirconia materials demonstrated satisfactory biocompatibility, with a cell viability of 93.35% after 7 days. No significant inflammatory response or cell deformation was detected (p = .51). The ceramics had no adverse effect on cell adhesion or growth at the initial stages. The results indicate that DLP technology‐fabricated zirconia crowns have favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
The Most Significant Change: An Evaluation of Predictive Performance Measures in Nursing Homes
Authors: Wells Yvonne , Rayner Jo‐Anne , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , McAuliffe Linda
Published: February 2025

Rationale

Due to their frailty, older people living in nursing homes are at risk of harm if the care provided is not evidence‐based and high quality. The performance measures routinely collected to measure quality care in public sector nursing homes in Victoria, Australia, are currently acute care focused and collected ‘after the fact’, so there is a need for predictive performance measures that identify circumstances that reflect poor‐quality care that will cause harm to residents.

Aims and Objectives

To evaluate the readiness of public sector nursing homes in Victoria, Australia to introduce predictive performance measures in aged care.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive design was used to evaluate the introduction of eight predictive performance measures in six geographically diverse public sector nursing homes in Victoria, Australia. After implementing the performance measures interviews with staff were undertaken which were used to create 18 most significant change stories. The stories were workshopped by key stakeholders, to detect subtle changes in nursing home staff behaviours and clinical practice.

Results

In the workshop, using the most significant change methodology six themes from the stories, each with sub‐themes were identified which reflect the preparedness of nursing homes for the introduction of predictive performance measures, revealing ‘gaps’ in aged care practice, and the need for improvements. These included staff‐identified strategies, changes in practice, gaps in aged care practice, areas for improvement, and the need for improvement plans, which prompted changes in staff behaviours and better care for residents.

Conclusions

The study highlights the value and adaptability of using the most significant change methodology to evaluate complex interventions. This method enriches analysis by emphasising individual experiences, and the dynamics of organisational change. It highlighted subtle changes in aged care practice that would have been difficult to measure including staff behaviour, organisational culture, and the role of leadership in improving care quality for residents.
Implementation of a “People‐Like‐Me” Tool for Personalized Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Graber Jeremy , Hinrichs‐Kinney Lauren A. , Churchill Laura , Matlock Daniel D. , Kittelson Andrew , Lutz Adam , Bade Michael , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Rationale

While there are numerous tools available to inform if and when to use total knee arthroplasty (TKA), very few tools exist to help guide the recovery period after surgery.

Aims and objectives

We piloted a decision support tool that promotes a “people‐like‐me” (PLM) approach to rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The PLM approach encourages person‐centered care by “using historical outcomes data from similar (past) patients as a template of what to expect for a new patient”. In this study, we evaluated how successfully the PLM tool was implemented and examined contextual factors that may have influenced its implementation.

Methods

Two outpatient physical therapy clinics (Clinics A and B) piloted the PLM tool from September 2020 – December 2022. We gathered data related to its implementation from multiple sources including the electronic health record (EHR), the tool itself, and surveys and interviews with patients and clinicians. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to analyze the data overall and separately by each clinic.

Results

Overall, the clinics met most pre‐specified implementation targets, but did not use the tool as frequently as intended. Both clinics identified time, technology, and scheduling barriers to using the tool, but Clinic A scored higher in nearly every implementation outcome. Clinic A's success may have been related to its clinicians' higher level of experience, more positive attitudes towards the tool, and more active approach to implementation compared to Clinic B.

Conclusions

The clinics met most of our implementation targets, but Clinic A experienced more success than Clinic B. Future efforts to implement this PLM tool should (1) engage clinicians as active participants in the implementation process, (2) explore whether incorporating treatment recommendations into the PLM tool and/or using alternative training strategies can enhance its ability to alter clinician behavior, (3) integrate the tool within the EHR to complement existing workflows and mitigate implementation barriers, and (4) include randomized controlled trials that evaluate the tool's effectiveness and scalability across diverse clinical settings.
Psychiatric Wards Nurses' Experiences on Self‐Compassion, Compassionate Care and Compassion Fatigue: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ali Ghadeer Hussein Ali , Duru Hilal Altundal
Published: February 2025

Background

Compassion is an important component of providing quality nursing care, and the literature on compassionate care in psychiatric nursing is limited.

Aim

The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the experiences of psychiatric ward nurses regarding self‐compassion, compassionate care and compassion fatigue.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted by thematic analysis with an inductive approach of semi‐structured interviews with 16 psychiatric nurses across psychiatric ward in a state hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq, selected through purposeful sampling between 15 October and 15 November 2023.

Results

The analysis of the data, two main themes emerged: ‘freedom in difficulties’ and ‘togetherness of suffering’. These results indicate that psychiatric nurses need individual and organizational resources to provide compassionate care.

Conclusion

It is thought that developing programmes to improve the self‐compassionate care of psychiatric nurses by institution managers and policy makers may be effective in reducing compassion fatigue and providing compassionate care. In the future research, how religion affects psychiatric nurses' ability to provide compassionate care and the role of belief in coping with compassion fatigue experienced by psychiatric nurses needs to be investigated.
The Effect of Central Venous Catheter Care Training Following Evidence‐Based Guidelines on Nurses' Knowledge Levels and Care Practices
Authors: İskender Nurtaç , Karadeniz Havva
Published: February 2025

Aim

This study aimed to assess the impact of training on central venous catheter care, aligning with evidence‐based guidelines, on the knowledge levels and care practices of nurses within intensive care units.

Method

This quasi‐experimental study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 39 nurses from a state hospital's intensive care units. The data were collected using the “Descriptive Characteristics Form,” the “Central Venous Catheter Information Form for Evidence‐Based Guidelines,” the “Observation Form for the Evaluation of Nurse Care Practices in Central Venous Catheter Care Guided by Evidence‐Based Guidelines,” and the “Evidence‐Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire”. Nurses underwent Central Venous Catheter Care Training, and assessments of their knowledge levels and care practices were conducted before and after the training.

Results

Following the central venous catheter care training, there was a significant increase in posttest scores for both the knowledge level (p < 0.001) and the Evidence‐Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study suggests the incorporation of central venous catheter care based on evidence‐based guidelines into nursing curricula, postgraduate in‐service training programs, and intensive care courses.
Effect of Forage‐Free Diet on the Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, Blood Metabolites, and Mammary Gland Parenchyma of Prepubertal Holstein Heifers
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Rehman Shafiq Ur , Bashir Muhammad Zafar , Akram Muhammad , Qayyum Arslan , Naveed‐ul‐Haque Muhamad , Mohsin Imran , Oneeb Muhammad , Mustafa Ghulam , Usman Mehmood Muhammad , Chishti Ghazanfar Ali
Published: February 2025

Variation in nutritional profile and availability of high‐quality forages remain primary challenges for efficient heifer rearing on a forage‐based diet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of limit feeding forage‐free diet on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood metabolites, behavior, health, and mammary parenchyma of prepubertal dairy heifers. Sixteen prepubertal heifers (Body weight = 168 ± 32Kg) divided into 8 pens (2 heifers/pen) were used in a completely randomized design (n = 4 pen/treatment) to compare the effect of a diet containing 20% forage with a forage‐free diet. Limit feeding forage‐free diet improved the feed efficiency by 10% and ADG by 11.36% (p ≤ 0.05) without negatively affecting the body measurements, health parameters, and blood metabolites (p ≥ 0.23). In udder, three‐quarters of heifers fed a forage‐free diet had greater (p ≤ 0.05) mammary parenchyma growth than the heifers fed a 20% forage diet. Teat lengths and behavioral measurements except rumination time were not affected (p > 0.05) by the forage‐free diet. Heifers fed a 20% forage diet had greater rumination time (p = 0.01) than the heifers fed a forage‐free diet. Limit feeding forage‐free diet can be adopted in prepubertal dairy heifers for the improvement in feed efficiency and mammary parenchyma growth.
Sociolinguistic variation in the rhythm of Nigerian English speech
Authors: Oyebola Folajimi , Ilekura Osemudiamhe
Published: February 2025

There is a dearth of research on speech rhythm in Nigerian English, and scholars have differing views on its nature, ranging from being syllable‐timed to tone‐timed. Apart from the fact that the majority of few available studies were conducted more than a decade ago, the exact nature of speech rhythm in Nigerian English remains contentious. This study aims to address this gap by employing multiple metrics and analyses to investigate speech rhythm in Nigerian English, while also exploring the influence of social factors such as gender and ethnicity on its realisation. The findings reveal a significant divergence between the speech rhythm of Nigerian English and British English. Overall, the study suggests a hierarchy of rhythm patterns, with Nigerian English exhibiting more syllable‐timed patterns compared to British English (Igbo English<Yoruba English<Hausa English<British English), and that Nigerian English has more specific phonological features than British English associated with a syllable‐timed rhythm.
The impact of audio versus audiovisual stimuli with or without face masking on judgements about different varieties of Asian English
Authors: Hansen Edwards Jette G. , Zampini Mary L.
Published: February 2025

This study explores ways in which multilingual English listeners react to and rate three varieties of Asian English in three presentational modes: audio only, audiovisual and audiovisual with a face mask. Using a speech intelligibility framework, the study examines the extent to which presentational mode affects intelligibility and listener ratings of accentedness, comprehensibility and acceptability. In addition, through an analysis of both a think‐aloud protocol and listener familiarity with varieties of English, this study explores the role that linguistic bias and familiarity may play in listener ratings and intelligibility scores. This study is innovative for its systematic exploration of how speech intelligibility and ratings of varieties of English are influenced by face masks and for its in‐depth exploration of the role that familiarity and bias may play in the evaluation of audio vs audiovisual speech. Findings from the study make an important theoretical and methodological contribution to our understanding of speech intelligibility in both L2 and multilingual settings.
The symplectic density property for Calogero–Moser spaces
Authors: Andrist Rafael B. , Huang Gaofeng
Published: February 2025

We introduce the symplectic density property and the Hamiltonian density property together with the corresponding versions of Andersén–Lempert theory. We establish these properties for the Calogero–Moser space of particles and describe its group of holomorphic symplectic automorphisms.
Epigenetic modifications as a biomarker for periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a review
Authors: Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis , Hasse Fernandes Juliana Campos , Castilho Rogerio M.
Published: February 2025

The study of epigenetics is critical for understanding the interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences in diseases like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Epigenetic modifications—including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA activity—can alter gene expression without changing the DNA structure, thereby impacting disease progression and tissue destruction. This review brings updated and straightforward information on the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, highlighting the contributions of microbial factors, host immunity, and systemic conditions like diabetes. Recent advancements in genomic sciences, such as high-throughput sequencing and methylation profiling, have revealed specific patterns of DNA methylation and chromatin modifications that precede pathological states. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular pathology of periodontal and peri-implant infections and suggest novel treatment approaches to reverse the epigenetic effects associated with disease progression. Histone modifications also play a significant role in regulating periodontal disease by altering DNA accessibility for gene transcription, affecting genes involved in immune response and inflammation. Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, have been identified as critical regulators of inflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic targets. The epigenetic landscape is further complicated by systemic diseases like diabetes, which can influence epigenetic modifications and exacerbate periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. Understanding these interactions is essential for developing comprehensive preventive protocols and therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic therapies, or "epidrugs", offer promising new treatment modalities by targeting specific epigenetic modifications to normalize gene function and facilitate tissue repair. However, a thorough understanding of epigenetic mapping in these diseases is required, necessitating further epidemiologic studies to identify the exact modifications involved. In conclusion, integrating epigenetic research into periodontology provides a promising approach better to understand gene-environment-microbiome interactions in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This integration could lead to developing new therapies and preventive strategies, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for patients affected by these conditions.