bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Interventions in Natural Disasters: A Scoping Review
Authors: Suzuki-Barrera K. , Teramoto A. , Sáez-Chandía J. , Nakakuki K. , Bracchiglione J.
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

This work aimed to identify, appraise, and summarize existing knowledge about oral health interventions in the context of natural disasters and verify the main research gaps.

Methods:

We searched in PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Maryland, USA), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and Epistemonikos (Epistemonikos Foundation, Santiago, Chile) until 2021 for primary studies and systematic reviews, assessing any oral health intervention in the context of natural disasters. The interventions were classified according to Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) categories, and the type of natural disaster was defined according to the classification by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).

Results:

We assessed a total of 19 studies (majorly in Japan, n = 8), all performed in the context of an earthquake or mixed natural disasters (earthquake and tsunami). Regarding interventions, 12 studies reported a promotional/ preventive intervention, with oral examination being the most frequent. 7 studies reported therapeutic interventions, mainly related to emergency management of fractures and injuries.

Conclusions:

The evidence accessed in our study was limited, highlighting the need for further research to focus on different oral health care interventions and outcomes in the context of different natural disasters, thus enhancing the formulation and implementation of recommendations and protocols worldwide.
Time scales of dynamic stall development on a vertical-axis wind turbine blade
Authors: Le Fouest Sébastien , Fernex Daniel , Mulleners Karen
Published: May 2023

Vertical-axis wind turbines are excellent candidates to diversify wind energy technology, but their aerodynamic complexity limits industrial deployment. To improve the efficiency and lifespan of vertical-axis wind turbines, we desire data-driven models and control strategies that take into account the timing and duration of subsequent events in the unsteady flow development. Here, we aim to characterise the chain of events that leads to dynamic stall on a vertical-axis wind turbine blade and to quantify the influence of the turbine operation conditions on the duration of the individual flow development stages. We present time-resolved flow and unsteady load measurements of a wind turbine model undergoing dynamic stall for a wide range of tip-speed ratios. Proper orthogonal decomposition is used to identify dominant flow structures and to distinguish six characteristic stall stages: the attached flow, shear-layer growth, vortex formation, upwind stall, downwind stall and flow reattachment stage. The timing and duration of the individual stages are best characterised by the non-dimensional convective time. Dynamic stall stages are also identified based on aerodynamic force measurements. Most of the aerodynamic work is done during the shear-layer growth and the vortex formation stage which underlines the importance of managing dynamic stall on vertical-axis wind turbines.
A call to action: Taking the untenable out of women professors’ pregnancy, postpartum, and caregiving demands
Authors: Gabriel Allison S. , Allen Tammy D. , Devers Cynthia E. , Eby Lillian T. , Gilson Lucy L. , Hebl Mikki , Kehoe Rebecca R. , King Eden B. , Ladge Jamie J. , Little Laura M. , Ou Amy Yi , Schleicher Deidra J. , Shockley Kristen M. , Klotz Anthony C. , Rosen Christopher C.
Published: May 2023

Despite becoming increasingly represented in academic departments, women scholars face a critical lack of support as they navigate demands pertaining to pregnancy, motherhood, and child caregiving. In addition, cultural norms surrounding how faculty and academic leaders discuss and talk about tenure, promotion, and career success have created pressure for women who wish to grow their family and care for their children, leading to questions about whether it is possible for these women to have a family and an academic career. This paper is a call to action for academia to build structures that support professors who are women as they navigate the complexities of pregnancy, the postpartum period, and the caregiving demands of their children. We specifically call on those of us in I-O psychology, management, and related departments to lead the way. In making this call, we first present the realistic, moral, and financial cases for why this issue needs to be at the forefront of discussions surrounding success in the academy. We then discuss how, in the U.S. and elsewhere, an absence of policies supporting women places two groups of academics—department heads (as the leaders of departments who have discretion outside of formal policies to make work better for women) and other faculty members (as potential allies both in the department and within our professional organizations)—in a critical position to enact support and change. We conclude with our boldest call—to make a cultural shift that shatters the assumption that having a family is not compatible with academic success. Combined, we seek to launch a discussion that leads directly to necessary and overdue changes in how women scholars are supported in academia.
Revisiting the design of selection systems in light of new findings regarding the validity of widely used predictors
Authors: Sackett Paul R. , Zhang Charlene , Berry Christopher M. , Lievens Filip
Published: May 2023

Sackett et al. (2022) identified previously unnoticed flaws in the way range restriction corrections have been applied in prior meta-analyses of personnel selection tools. They offered revised estimates of operational validity, which are often quite different from the prior estimates. The present paper attempts to draw out the applied implications of that work. We aim to a) present a conceptual overview of the critique of prior approaches to correction, b) outline the implications of this new perspective for the relative validity of different predictors and for the tradeoff between validity and diversity in selection system design, c) highlight the need to attend to variability in meta-analytic validity estimates, rather than just the mean, d) summarize reactions encountered to date to Sackett et al., and e) offer a series of recommendations regarding how to go about correcting validity estimates for unreliability in the criterion and for range restriction in applied work.
The Belfast/Good Friday Agreement and Transformative Change: Promise, Power and Solidarity
Authors: O'Connell Rory , Ní Aoláin Fionnuala , Malagón Lina
Published: May 2023

In 2023 the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement marks its twenty-fifth anniversary. For many the Agreement projects a global image of a successfully concluded end to conflict. However, key aspects of the agreement remain under-enforced or simply undelivered: in particular, provisions related to significant and wide-ranging guarantees addressing human rights and equality of opportunity. As a result, socio-economic and cultural deficits persist, undermining the capacity to achieve a ‘positive peace’. In this article we address the question of how transformative the Agreement and associated reforms have been in addressing the root causes of the conflict and the structures that underpinned it. In doing so, we deploy Clara Sandoval's typology of different forms of societal change – ‘ordinary’, ‘structural’ and ‘fundamental’ – to guide our thinking and analysis, and tackle the most fundamental of questions in peace agreement literature and practice: whether, in fact, peace agreements can undo the fundamental causes that trigger and sustain violence. The article outlines the transformative promise of the Agreement, the multiple interlocking factors that have undermined that promise and the role of civil society in sustaining that transformative potential. Our conclusions point to a more nuanced understanding of what constitutes the ‘ordinary’ in transitional settings and a caution against the hyperbole of the transformative. We view transformative change as slothlike in its emergence, specifically grounded in progressive and cumulative re-orderings that can accompany peace processes. Rather than a moment of radical change, transformation follows from the cumulative impact of symbolic gesture, specific legal provision, procedural practice, mechanisms of accountability, and an engaged and vibrant civil society.
Diversity, phylogeny and intraspecific variability of Paradiplozoon species (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) parasitizing endemic cyprinoids in the Middle East
Authors: Nejat Farshad , Benovics Michal , Řehulková Eva , Vukić Jasna , Šanda Radek , Kaya Cüneyt , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Abdoli Asghar , Aksu Sadi , Šimková Andrea
Published: May 2023

Diplozoidae are common monogenean ectoparasites of cyprinoid fish, with the genus Paradiplozoon being the most diversified. Despite recent studies on Diplozoidae from Europe, Africa and Asia, the diversity, distribution and phylogeny of this parasite group appears to be still underestimated in the Middle East. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity, endemism and host specificity of diplozoids parasitizing cyprinoid fish from the Middle East, considering this region as an important historical interchange of fish fauna, and to elucidate the phylogenetic position of Middle Eastern Paradiplozoon species within Diplozoidae. Four Paradiplozoon species were collected from 48 out of 94 investigated cyprinoid species. Three known species, Paradiplozoon homoion, Paradiplozoon bliccae and Paradiplozoon bingolensis, were recorded on new cyprinoid host species, and a new species, Paradiplozoon koubkovae n. sp., was recorded on Luciobarbus capito and Capoeta capoeta from the Caspian Sea basin in Iran and Turkey. Paradiplozoon bliccae, exhibiting a wide host range in the Middle East, expressed both morphological and genetic intraspecific variabilities. The four Paradiplozoon species collected in the Middle East were placed in divergent clades, showing the rich evolutionary history of diplozoid parasites in the Middle East. Our study also revealed that two lineages of African diplozoids have a Middle Eastern origin. We stress the importance of applying an integrative approach combining morphological, ecological and molecular methods to reveal the real diversity of diplozoids.
American Museums and Colonial-Era Provenance: A Proposal
Authors: Reed Victoria S.
Published: May 2023

As European nations address their legacy of colonialism, many museums in France, Germany, Great Britain, and elsewhere in Western Europe are examining the provenance of objects in their collections that were removed during periods of colonial occupation and, in some cases, have developed plans for their restitution. As of 2022, few museums in the United States have announced similar objectives. This article offers specific suggestions for American art museums to proceed proactively and transparently with colonial-era provenance research projects. I propose that museums identify objects in their collections that were displaced in one of two ways: either looted during a post-Napoleonic military conflict or stolen or traded by force under a period of colonial occupation. These works of art should be prioritized for provenance research and listed or otherwise made discoverable online. By listing these objects on their websites, museums will acknowledge the contentious histories of works of art in their collections and signal an openness to engaging with source communities, whether about the return of an object, loans, storage, display, educational initiatives, or other matters of care.
Smells like animal spirits: the sensitivity of corporate investment to sentiment
Authors: La Cava Gianni
Published: May 2023

Economists have long been interested in the effect of business sentiment on economic activity. Using text analysis, I construct a new company-level indicator of sentiment based on the net balance of positive and negative words in Australian company disclosures. Company-level investment is very sensitive to changes in this corporate sentiment indicator, even controlling for fundamentals, such as Tobin’s Q, as well as controlling for measures of company-level uncertainty.

The high sensitivity of investment to sentiment could be due to several mechanisms. It could be because of animal spirits among managers or because of sentiment proxies for private information held by managers about company prospects. Overall, I find mixed evidence of the underlying causal mechanism. The effect of sentiment on investment is relatively persistent, which is consistent with managers having private information about company fundamentals. But the sensitivity of investment to sentiment is not any stronger at opaque companies in which managers are likely to be better informed than investors. Further, investment is sensitive to sentiment even when investors have an information advantage over managers by lagging the sentiment indicator by a year. Overall, the sensitivity of investment to sentiment appears to reflect both animal spirits and fundamentals.

Corporate investment has been weak since the global financial crisis (GFC) and demand-side factors, such as lower sales growth, explain more than half of this weakness. Low sentiment and heightened uncertainty weighed on investment during the GFC but have been less important factors since then.
Preliminary findings of northeast organic and conventional dairy farmers' perception of benefits and challenges in feeding algae
Authors: Tynan Michelle K. , Bryant Marie Claire , Welsh Rick , Greenwood Sabrina L.
Published: May 2023

Enteric fermentation from livestock accounts for over a quarter of the United States' methane emissions. A potent greenhouse gas, methane has 80 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide over a 20-year period. An emerging focus of research is the incorporation of algae (e.g., kelp, seaweed or microalgae) into livestock feed, with several studies documenting dramatic suppression of enteric methane emissions in cattle. As part of a nationwide multidisciplinary study of using algae feed supplements to reduce methane emissions and improve dairy productivity, we used focus groups and individual interviews to measure organic and conventional dairy farmer's knowledge and opinions of algae-based feed supplements. Our goals were to learn what both organic and conventional dairy farmers know about algae-based feed supplements, why they do or do not feed them to their cows and if they were interested in the methane-reducing potential of these algal-based feeds. We also sought to understand where they get valued information about animal nutrition. We found most farmers were aware of algae-based feed supplements on the market, but organic farmers were more familiar with marketing claims. Farmers reported feeding algae-based feed supplements to address herd health concerns, especially reproductive issues and pink eye, but expressed rising costs of the supplements as an obstacle. Both organic and conventional farmers expressed interest in suppressing methane emissions, but only if incentives are provided. Lastly, participants receive trusted information about feed supplements from their dairy nutritionists, who help them make decisions around feed purchasing and rations.
Eye-Tracking
Authors: Knabl-Schmitz Patrizia , Cameron Mark , Wilson Kyle , Mulhall Megan , Da Cruz Jeremy , Robinson Alexander , Dahlstrom Nicklas
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Eye-tracking has historically been proposed as a tool to provide insight into pilot performance, although its transition from scientific curiosity to a practical device has been challenging. Advancing technology has recently opened the possibility of deploying eye-tracking measurements for operational use in flight training, thus allowing for improved understanding of pilot monitoring strategies. This aims to support a more focused development for both new trainees and experienced pilots in recurrent training. The paper outlines the cooperative progress made in developing an emerging eye-tracking-based training solution for contemporary airline pilot training. It shares selected findings from three studies conducted and discusses the potential, challenges, and lessons learned so far.
Confronting Aerotowing Experts With a New Phase-of-Flight Taxonomy	for Towplanes
Authors: Santel Christoph G.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: While designing an automated flight control system for aerotowing gliders, engineers realized that no suitable phase-of-flight taxonomy was available for performing a functional hazard assessment. As first experiences with a custom taxonomy were gathered, questions arose on how reproducible these results were and whether they could be applied to aerotow-related tasks outside the systems engineering domain. Inter-rater agreement, as one key metric of the taxonomy, was investigated by having 13 experts on aerotowing rate a total of 30 scenarios that are presented as photographs, video sequences, and textual narratives. Agreement between experts was substantial across these types of media. The remaining sources of disagreement were found to be of little practical relevance during real-world application of the aerotowing taxonomy.
Crucial Abilities of Pilots and Weapon Systems	Officers
Authors: Ferrandez Vincent , Isingrini Michel , Toussaint Lucette , Bouazzaoui Badiaa , Choisay Frédéric , Duvillard-Monternier Solange
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The first objective of our study was to identify the common and specific crucial abilities for fighter pilots, transport pilots, fighter weapon systems officers (WSOs), and transport WSOs. The second aim was to prioritize clusters of abilities. We used an online questionnaire to survey 479 expert pilots and WSOs in order to assess the level of requirement of 33 cognitive, psychomotor, and perceptual abilities on a Likert-type scale. Two groups of abilities were identified: a common group and a specific one composed of abilities that are crucial for specific jobs. The prioritization of clustered abilities indicated differences in the level of requirement within the so-called crucial abilities. This study led to the identification of four specific profiles of ordered abilities.
Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to Changes in Land Surface Conditions
Authors: Yang Zhao , Varble Adam , Berg Larry K. , Qian Yun , Tai Sheng‐Lun , Chen Jingyi , Gustafson William I. , Feng Zhe , Liu Ying
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the role of the land surface on the precipitation produced by an elevated mesoscale convective system (MCS) in Iowa between 24–25 June 2015 during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. Previous studies have shown a strong effect of low‐level atmospheric moisture on the location of this MCS. A series of semi‐idealized and realistic simulations with irrigation are conducted to understand the effect of moisture perturbations on the MCS precipitation displacement. In general, numerical simulations place the MCS east of the observed location. Adding moisture directly in the low‐level atmosphere in the semi‐idealized experiments reduces this displacement error. However, experiments with perturbed soil moisture result in drying over Iowa induced by moisture flux divergence from cooler low‐level temperatures and higher surface pressure, causing the MCS to move further to the east. The irrigation impact on low‐level moisture is highly dependent on the length of simulation period. Shorter simulations on the order of days generate similar drying over Iowa but the opposite is found for month‐long simulations. Despite the lack of low‐level moistening in the perturbed soil moisture and short‐term irrigation experiments, the sensitivity to low‐level moisture is similar in all runs. More low‐level moisture generates a more convectively unstable environment with less inhibition and a lower level of free convection that leads to more rapid MCS development and a change in MCS location.
The Greenhouse Gas Burden of Inland Waters
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: May 2023

A global collaboration inventoried greenhouse gas emissions from rivers, lakes, and streams.
Simulation of Downward Frequency Chirping in the Rising Tone Chorus Element
Authors: Chen Huayue , Wang Xueyi , Chen Lunjin , Omura Yoshiharu , Lu Quanming , Chen Rui , Xia Zhiyang , Gao Xinliang
Published: May 2023

The frequency chirping of chorus waves is commonly observed in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere, but its generation remains an open question. Recently, Liu et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029258 reported two unusual rising‐tone (upward chirping) chorus elements. Although the central frequency of constituent subpackets rises, the frequency of a single subpacket is surprisingly downward chirping. With a gcPIC‐ simulation in the dipole field, we successfully reproduce this kind of substructure, which contains alternating signs of chirping. Interestingly, both hole and hill structures are formed around the theoretical resonant velocities in the electron phase space, no matter whether the chirping is upward or downward. However, during each chirping interval, only one structure (either a hole or a hill) is associated with wave excitation: the upward chirping is related to the hole, while the hill contributes to the downward chirping. Our study provides a fresh perspective on the theory of frequency chirping in chorus waves.
Remote Sensing‐Based Forest Modeling Reveals Positive Effects of Functional Diversity on Productivity at Local Spatial Scale
Authors: Schneider Fabian D. , Longo Marcos , Paul‐Limoges Eugénie , Scholl Victoria M. , Schmid Bernhard , Morsdorf Felix , Pavlick Ryan P. , Schimel David S. , Schaepman Michael E. , Moorcroft Paul R.
Published: May 2023

Forest biodiversity is critical for many ecosystem functions and services. Yet, it remains uncertain how plant functional diversity influences ecosystem functioning across environmental gradients and contiguous larger areas. We integrated remote sensing and terrestrial biosphere modeling to explore functional diversity–productivity relationships at multiple spatial scales for a heterogeneous forest ecosystem in Switzerland. We initialized forest structure and composition in the ecosystem demography model (ED2) through a combination of ground‐based surveys, airborne laser scanning and imaging spectroscopy for forest patches at 10 × 10‐m spatial grain. We derived morphological and physiological forest traits and productivity from model simulations at patch‐level to relate morphological and physiological aspects of functional diversity to the average productivity from 2006 to 2015 at 20 × 20 to 100 × 100‐m spatial extent. We did this for model simulations under observed and experimental conditions (mono‐soils, mono‐cultures and mono‐structures). Functional diversity increased productivity significantly (p < 0.001) across all simulations at 20 × 20 to 30 × 30 m scale, but at 100 × 100‐m scale positive relationships disappeared under homogeneous soil conditions potentially due to the low beta diversity of this forest and the saturation of functional richness represented in the model. Although local functional diversity was an important driver of productivity, environmental context underpinned the variation of productivity (and functional diversity) at larger spatial scales. In this study, we could show that the integration of remotely sensed information on forest composition and structure into terrestrial biosphere models is important to fill knowledge gaps about how plant biodiversity affects carbon cycling and biosphere feedbacks onto climate over large contiguous areas.
Highly conformable chip-in-foil implants for neural applications
Authors: Stieglitz Thomas , Gueli Calogero , Martens Julien , Floto Niklas , Eickenscheidt Max , Sporer Markus , Ortmanns Maurits
Published: May 2023

Demands for neural interfaces around functionality, high spatial resolution, and longevity have recently increased. These requirements can be met with sophisticated silicon-based integrated circuits. Embedding miniaturized dice in flexible polymer substrates significantly improves their adaptation to the mechanical environment in the body, thus improving the systems’ structural biocompatibility and ability to cover larger areas of the brain. This work addresses the main challenges in developing a hybrid chip-in-foil neural implant. Assessments considered (1) the mechanical compliance to the recipient tissue that allows a long-term application and (2) the suitable design that allows the implant’s scaling and modular adaptation of chip arrangement. Finite element model studies were performed to identify design rules regarding die geometry, interconnect routing, and positions for contact pads on dice. Providing edge fillets in the die base shape proved an effective measure to improve die-substrate integrity and increase the area available for contact pads. Furthermore, routing of interconnects in the immediate vicinity of die corners should be avoided, as the substrate in these areas is prone to mechanical stress concentration. Contact pads on dice should be placed with a clearance from the die rim to avoid delamination when the implant conforms to a curvilinear body. A microfabrication process was developed to transfer, align, and electrically interconnect multiple dice into conformable polyimide-based substrates. The process enabled arbitrary die shape and size over independent target positions on the conformable substrate based on the die position on the fabrication wafer.
VISEM-Tracking, a human spermatozoa tracking dataset
Authors: Thambawita Vajira , Hicks Steven A. , Storås Andrea M. , Nguyen Thu , Andersen Jorunn M. , Witczak Oliwia , Haugen Trine B. , Hammer Hugo L. , Halvorsen Pål , Riegler Michael A.
Published: May 2023

A manual assessment of sperm motility requires microscopy observation, which is challenging due to the fast-moving spermatozoa in the field of view. To obtain correct results, manual evaluation requires extensive training. Therefore, computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) has become increasingly used in clinics. Despite this, more data is needed to train supervised machine learning approaches in order to improve accuracy and reliability in the assessment of sperm motility and kinematics. In this regard, we provide a dataset called VISEM-Tracking with 20 video recordings of 30 seconds (comprising 29,196 frames) of wet semen preparations with manually annotated bounding-box coordinates and a set of sperm characteristics analyzed by experts in the domain. In addition to the annotated data, we provide unlabeled video clips for easy-to-use access and analysis of the data via methods such as self- or unsupervised learning. As part of this paper, we present baseline sperm detection performances using the YOLOv5 deep learning (DL) model trained on the VISEM-Tracking dataset. As a result, we show that the dataset can be used to train complex DL models to analyze spermatozoa.
Comprehensive evaluation of rainwater utilization in China: potential, feasibility and strategy
Authors: Zhang Chen , Yu Jianghua , Ling Chang
Published: May 2023

Rainwater harvesting is a promising alternative to alleviating urban water scarcity and reducing urban runoff.
Structure–effect relationship studies of polysaccharides based on receptor–active centres: an alternative view
Authors: Zhang Wenjin , Zhang Xiaojia , Bai Qiuxian , Liang Le , Wang Sheng , Guo Lanping
Published: May 2023

This article proposes a downscaling strategy and corresponding technologies based on receptor–active centres, and provides an outline of polysaccharide receptor–active centres, principle verification processes, and emerging technologies.
Regulating the morphology and structures of wet-chemical synthesized L10-FePtMn nanoparticles by applying magnetic fields
Authors: Chang Ling , Wu Chun , Zhao Dong , Wang Qunshou , Wang Kai , Wang Qiang , Pei Wenli
Published: May 2023

The attachment of spherical FePtMn NPs was facilitated by applying magnetic fields. The ordering degree and coercivity of NPs have been improved by applying magnetic fields and doping Mn element with high susceptibility.
Visible light-induced borylation and arylation of small organic molecules using carbon dots
Authors: He Tiantong , Wei Heping , Zhou Yuanbo , Jiang Li-ya , Baell Jonathan B. , Yu Yang , Huang Fei
Published: May 2023

Efficient synthetic protocols for borylation of haloarenes and arylation of heteroarenes using nonmetal-doped CDots as metal-free photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation at room temperature are reported.
Photoinduced copper-catalyzed asymmetric radical three-component cross-coupling of 1,3-enynes with oxime esters and carboxylic acids
Authors: Li Guo-Qing , Meng Fan-Rong , Xiao Wen-Jing , Chen Jia-Rong
Published: May 2023

A regio- and enantioselective radical three-component coupling of 1,3-enynes, oxime esters, and carboxylic acids through photoinduced copper catalysis is reported.
Rod-climbing rheometry revisited
Authors: More Rishabh V. , Patterson Reid , Pashkovski Eugene , McKinley Gareth H.
Published: May 2023

The rod-climbing or “Weissenberg” effect, in which the free surface of a complex fluid climbs a thin rotating rod is a popular and convincing experiment to not only demonstrate the existence of elasticity but also to quantify it in complex fluids.
Unlocking the significance of high H2O resistance for nickel vanadate phases to improve the kinetic parameters or consequences of catalytic NOX reduction and poison pyrolysis
Authors: Lee Seokhyun , Ha Heon Phil , Lee Jung-Hyun , Kim Jongsik
Published: May 2023

H2O resistance of a catalyst is often underrated in reducing wet NOX and forming/pyrolyzing ammonium (bi)sulfate (AS/ABS) poisons, yet, is improved markedly when Ni1V2O6 and Sb2O5 serve as a prime activator and a promoter, respectively.
Abilities and Disabilities Among Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Ohlmann Nancy , Eden Nichole , Arbisi-Kelm Tim , Young Alys
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to situate developmental language disorder (DLD) within the impairment and disability framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF); describe the functional strengths and weaknesses of a cohort of first-grade children with DLD and their peers; and explore the ways that language-related disabilities relate to language impairment, developmental risk, and receipt of language services.

Method:

We queried the caregivers of 35 children with DLD and 44 peers with typical language development about their children's language-related functions, developmental risks, and language services using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results:

The children with DLD presented with weaknesses in domains that are highly dependent upon language skill, including communication, community function, interpersonal relationships, and academics. They presented with strengths in domestic and personal aspects of daily living, play and coping aspects of socialization, and gross motor function. Caregivers of children with DLD expressed pride in their children's agentive and prosocial qualities. Consistent with the ICF, what distinguished children with DLD who had functional weaknesses and disabilities from those who had healthy function was not the severity of language impairment as measured by decontextualized tests of language skill, but the presence of cumulative developmental risks. Compared to those with healthy function, a larger portion of children with weaknesses and disabilities were receiving language services; however, two girls who had disabilities despite mild levels of impairment were without services.

Conclusions:

Children with DLD present with predictable strengths and weaknesses in everyday language-related functioning. For some children, the weaknesses are mild, but for others, they limit function to a greater extent and should be considered disabilities. The severity of language impairment is not a strong indicator of language-related function and, therefore, is not a good metric for determining service qualification.
Optimal placement of fault indicator and remote‐controlled switches for predetermined reliability of selected buses
Authors: Gholami Mostafa , Ahmadi Iraj , Pouriani Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Fault indicators (FI) and remotely controlled switches (RCS) can reduce the power outage time in distribution network (DN) by finding and isolating the faulty area. Therefore, they play an important role in reducing the power outage cost and increasing the reliability of the DN. In DN, there may be high‐priority loads. One of the goals of improving and updating the DN is to increase the reliability of all network buses, especially buses feeding such loads. Here, the placement of FI and RCS, as the distribution system automation devices, is designed and modelled to increase the reliability of the buses supplying high‐priority loads. For the placement problem, two goals of cost and reliability have been considered. But the problem is not defined as a multi‐objective optimization. Rather, it is modelled as a one‐objective optimization (i.e. network cost) and constrained to a certain level of reliability in predetermined locations and buses. The IEEE‐33bus network is used as the sample network and different scenarios are simulated. The number of FI and RCS and the optimization cost of simulated scenarios are compared to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model. The obtained results show the adequacy of the modelling.
An interpretable semi‐supervised system for detecting cyberattacks using anomaly detection in industrial scenarios
Authors: Perales Gómez Ángel Luis , Fernández Maimó Lorenzo , Huertas Celdrán Alberto , García Clemente Félix J.
Published: May 2023

When detecting cyberattacks in Industrial settings, it is not sufficient to determine whether the system is suffering a cyberattack. It is also fundamental to explain why the system is under a cyberattack and which are the assets affected. In this context, the Anomaly Detection based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques showed great performance when detecting cyberattacks in industrial scenarios. However, two main limitations hinder using them in a real environment. Firstly, most solutions are trained using a supervised approach, which is impractical in the real industrial world. Secondly, the use of black‐box ML and DL techniques makes it impossible to interpret the decision made by the model. This article proposes an interpretable and semi‐supervised system to detect cyberattacks in Industrial settings. Besides, our proposal was validated using data collected from the Tennessee Eastman Process. To the best of our knowledge, this system is the only one that offers interpretability together with a semi‐supervised approach in an industrial setting. Our system discriminates between causes and effects of anomalies and also achieved the best performance for 11 types of anomalies out of 20 with an overall recall of 0.9577, a precision of 0.9977, and a F1‐score of 0.9711.
A transient flow reactor for rapid gas switching at atmospheric pressure
Authors: High Eric A. , Lee Esther , Reece Christian
Published: May 2023

Herein, we present a design for a transient flow reactor system with high detection sensitivity and minimal dead volume, such that it is capable of sub-second switching of the gas stream flowing through a catalytic bed. We demonstrate the reactor's capabilities for step transient, pulse, and stream oscillation experiments using the model system of CO oxidation over Pd catalysts, and we find that we are able to precisely model step transients for CO oxidation using a pseudo-homogenous-packed bed reactor model. The design principles leading to minimal gas hold-up time and increased sensitivity that are described in this paper can be implemented into existing flow reactor designs with minimal cost, providing a readily accessible alternative to the existing transient instrumentation.
Proton acceleration in an overdense hydrogen plasma by intense CO2 laser pulses with nonlinear propagation effects in the underdense pre-plasma
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsin , Ting Antonio C. , Hafizi Bahman , Helle Michael H. , Johnson Luke A. , Polyanskiy Mikhail N. , Pogorelsky Igor V. , Babzien Marcus , Dover Nicholas P. , Ettlinger Oliver C. , Hicks George S. , Ditter Emma-Jane , Najmudin Zulfikar , Gordon Daniel F.
Published: May 2023

We report on proton acceleration from intense CO2 laser-irradiated hydrogen plasmas at near-critical densities, with the density gradient steepened by Nd:YAG laser ablation-driven hydrodynamic shocks. While the experimental results, such as the quasi-monoenergetic proton spectra and their scaling with respect to the laser energy, are generally in agreement with the simulations, certain laser shots produced significantly higher proton energies than anticipated during the experiment. The increased proton energy may be linked to nonlinear propagation effects in the steepened plasma density ramp before the critical surface, including relativistic self-focusing and, for the case of temporally-structured laser pulses observed in the experiment, focusing of the trailing pulse through the plasma channel formed by the leading pulse 25 ps ahead. The occurrence of channel focusing in the underdense hydrogen plasma is supported by a subsequent pump-probe experiment with a dark-field imaging technique, where the formation of ion channels was observed after the passage of an intense CO2 laser pulse.
Chitin utilization by marine picocyanobacteria and the evolution of a planktonic lifestyle
Authors: Capovilla Giovanna , Braakman Rogier , Fournier Gregory P. , Hackl Thomas , Schwartzman Julia , Lu Xinda , Yelton Alexis , Longnecker Krista , Soule Melissa C. Kido , Thomas Elaina , Swarr Gretchen , Mongera Alessandro , Payette Jack G. , Castro Kurt G. , Waldbauer Jacob R. , Kujawinski Elizabeth B. , Cordero Otto X. , Chisholm Sallie W.
Published: May 2023

Marine picocyanobacteria
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
, the most abundant photosynthetic cells in the oceans, are generally thought to have a primarily single-celled and free-living lifestyle. However, while studying the ability of picocyanobacteria to supplement photosynthetic carbon fixation with the use of exogenous organic carbon, we found the widespread occurrence of genes for breaking down chitin, an abundant source of organic carbon that exists primarily as particles. We show that cells that encode a chitin degradation pathway display chitin degradation activity, attach to chitin particles, and show enhanced growth under low light conditions when exposed to chitosan, a partially deacetylated soluble form of chitin. Marine chitin is largely derived from arthropods, which underwent major diversifications 520 to 535 Mya, close to when marine picocyanobacteria are inferred to have appeared in the ocean. Phylogenetic analyses confirm that the chitin utilization trait was acquired at the root of marine picocyanobacteria. Together this leads us to postulate that attachment to chitin particles allowed benthic cyanobacteria to emulate their mat-based lifestyle in the water column, initiating their expansion into the open ocean, seeding the rise of modern marine ecosystems. Subsequently, transitioning to a constitutive planktonic life without chitin associations led to cellular and genomic streamlining along a major early branch within
Prochlorococcus
. Our work highlights how the emergence of associations between organisms from different trophic levels, and their coevolution, creates opportunities for colonizing new environments. In this view, the rise of ecological complexity and the expansion of the biosphere are deeply intertwined processes.
Mearsheimer, Putin, ideology, and the war in Ukraine
Authors: Hughes Neil
Published: May 2023

This article questions the offensive realist explanation of the war in Ukraine found in the work of John Mearsheimer. It argues that Mearsheimer’s failure to take seriously predispositional factors means his account of the war offers an incomplete basis for discerning motives, predicting the conflict’s evolution, or responding to Russian aggression. To address this deficit and explain how ideological beliefs and meanings expressed in discourse are shaping Russia’s prosecution of the war, the article sets out an interpretive framework that draws on insights into armed conflict and ideology from the likes of Michael Freeden and Jonathan Leader Maynard as well as contributions to Political Discourse Analysis (PDA) primarily in the work of Teun van Dijk. To explore the Russian ideological and discursive aspects at play in the Ukraine war, the article fixes its analytical gaze on an address delivered by Putin to the Russian nation on February 24, 2022.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum/steel welded joint by FSLW
Authors: Liu Sheng , Wan Ge , Shen Xiaokun , Li Xian , Peng Yuxin , Xia Chuansong , Zhao Yifan , Hu Xinbin , Long Wei
Published: May 2023

Friction stir lap welding experiments between 6061 aluminum alloy and DP590 dual-phase steel plates were carried out. The effects of welding parameters and the addition of Cu foil interlayers with 0–0.3 mm thickness on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the lap joints were investigated. The shear strength of the joint reached the maximum value of 5337 N and showed a mixed ductile-brittle fracture mode when the welding speed, the rotating speed, and the thickness of the Cu foil intermediate layer were set to 80 mm/min, 900 rpm, and 0.1 mm, respectively. The plastic Al2Cu and AlCu intermetallic compounds formed through Al and Cu reaction at the aluminium alloy/steel interface play a beneficial role in the Cu-added joint strength.
Electronic structure of cuprate–nickelate infinite-layer heterostructure
Authors: Chen Dachuan , Worm Paul , Si Liang , Zhang Chunxiao , Deng Fenglin , Jiang Peiheng , Zhong Zhicheng
Published: May 2023

The discovery of superconductivity in Sr/Ca-doped infinite-layer nickelates Nd(La)NiO2 thin films inspired extensive experimental and theoretical research. However, research on the possibilities of enhanced critical temperature by interface heterostructure is still lacking. Due to the similarities of the crystal structure and band structure of infinite-layer nickelate LaNiO2 and cuprate CaCuO2, we investigate the crystal, electronic and magnetic properties of LaNiO2:CaCuO2 heterostructure using density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory. Our theoretical results demonstrate that, even a very weak inter-layer z-direction bond is formed, an intrinsic charge transfer between Cu-3d
x
2–y
2
and Ni-3d
x
2–y
2
orbitals is obtained. The weak interlayer hopping between Cu and Ni leaves a parallel band contributed by Ni/Cu-3d
x
2–y
2
orbitals near the Fermi energy. Such an infinite-layer heterostructure with negligible interlayer interaction and robust charge transfer opens a new way for interface engineering and nickelate superconductors.
Experimental Research on Linear MLEFP Damage Element Intercepting High-speed Penetrator
Authors: Yinliang Li , Liuqi Ji , Ning Kang , Li Wang
Published: May 2023

Linear explosively formed projectile is a new type of interceptor ammunition which can accurately and efficiently intercept large caliber penetrator at a close range. In this paper, multiple linear explosively formed projectile (MLEFP) damage element is used as the active protection system to intercept ammunition, so as to explore a system that can intercept high-speed penetrator. We carry out the experimental research on the interception of dynamic large caliber high-speed penetrators with statically placed MLEFP damage element to verify the feasibility of the interception scheme. The research results provide a useful reference for tank and armored vehicles to intercept high-speed penetrators accurately and efficiently.
Decreased community-acquired pneumonia coincided with rising awareness of precautions before governmental containment policy in Japan
Authors: Tashiro Masato , Sato Shuntaro , Endo Akira , Hamashima Ryosuke , Ito Yuya , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Takeda Kazuaki , Iwanaga Naoki , Ide Shotaro , Fujita Ayumi , Takazono Takahiro , Yamamoto Kazuko , Tanaka Takeshi , Furumoto Akitsugu , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Izumikawa Koichi
Published: May 2023

The effectiveness of population-wide compliance to personal precautions (mask-wearing and hand hygiene) in preventing community-acquired pneumonia has been unknown. In Japan, different types of nonpharmaceutical interventions from personal precautions to containment and closure policies (CACPs, e.g. stay-at-home requests) were sequentially introduced from late January to April 2020, allowing for separate analysis of the effects of personal precautions from other more stringent interventions. We quantified the reduction in community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations and deaths and assessed if it coincided with the timing of increased public awareness of personal precautions before CACPs were implemented. A quasi-experimental interrupted time-series design was applied to non–COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalization and 30-day death data from April 2015 to August 2020 across Japan to identify any trend changes between February and April 2020. We also performed a comparative analysis of pyelonephritis and biliary tract infections to account for possible changes in the baseline medical attendance. These trend changes were then compared with multiple indicators of public awareness and behaviors related to personal precautions, including keyword usage in mass media coverage and sales of masks and hand hygiene products. Hospitalizations and 30-day deaths from non–COVID-19 pneumonia dropped by 24.3% (95% CI 14.8–32.8) and 16.1% (5.5–25.5), respectively, in February 2020, before the implementation of CACPs, whereas pyelonephritis and biliary tract infections did not suggest a detectable change. These changes coincided with increases in indicators related to personal precautions rather than those related to contact behavior changes. Community-acquired pneumonia could be reduced by population-wide compliance to moderate precautionary measures.
Identification and Characterization of Pain Processing Patterns Among Patients With Chronic Primary Pain
Authors: Scheidegger Alina , Jäger Joshua , Blättler Larissa T. , Aybek Selma , Bischoff Nina , grosse Holtforth Martin
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

To develop individual and effective treatment plans for patients with chronic pain, we aimed to replicate Grolimund and colleagues’ empirical categorization of chronic pain patients on a new and larger sample. Moreover, this work aimed to extend previous knowledge by considering various treatment outcomes and exploratorily analyzing which coping skills might be particularly relevant for treatment success in each subtype.

Materials and Methods:

Latent class analysis was used to identify homogenous subtypes with different pain processing patterns using the pain processing questionnaire (FESV).

Results:

By analyzing 602 inpatients with chronic primary pain, we identified 3 subtypes: (1) severely burdened individuals with low coping skills, (2) mildly burdened individuals with high coping skills, and (3) moderately burdened individuals with moderate coping skills. Pain interference, psychological distress, and cognitive and behavioral coping skills improved after treatment in all subtypes. Pain-related mental interference significantly improved only in subtypes (1) and (3). Only individuals of subtype (3) reported significant reductions in pain intensity after treatment. Exploratory regression analysis suggested that of subtype (1), the most promising targets in reducing pain interference and psychological distress posttreatment might be to foster relaxation techniques, counteractive activities, and cognitive restructuring. None of the FESV dimensions significantly predicted treatment outcomes among individuals of subtype (2). Individuals of subtype (3) might benefit the most from experiencing more competence during treatment.

Discussion:

Our findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing subtypes of chronic primary pain patients and that these subtypes should be considered for individualized and effective treatment.