bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doing Better Data Visualization
Authors: Hehman Eric , Xie Sally Y.
Published: October 2021

Methods in data visualization have rapidly advanced over the past decade. Although social scientists regularly need to visualize the results of their analyses, they receive little training in how to best design their visualizations. This tutorial is for individuals whose goal is to communicate patterns in data as clearly as possible to other consumers of science and is designed to be accessible to both experienced and relatively new users of R and ggplot2. In this article, we assume some basic statistical and visualization knowledge and focus on how to visualize rather than what to visualize. We distill the science and wisdom of data-visualization expertise from books, blogs, and online forum discussion threads into recommendations for social scientists looking to convey their results to other scientists. Overarching design philosophies and color decisions are discussed before giving specific examples of code in R for visualizing central tendencies, proportions, and relationships between variables.
Seismic fragility functions for a pervasive unique form of construction with very high potential for social losses in Trinidad and Tobago: Two-story houses
Authors: Clarke Richard , Carey Brian
Published: October 2021

The twin-island republic of Trinidad and Tobago is fortunate to have a long history of abundance of natural resources resulting in its being a major source of economic support for the English-speaking sovereign states of the Caribbean. The economic stability of the Caribbean is threatened, via a domino effect, by the current prevalent form of residential structures in Trinidad and Tobago because of a lack of conformity with proper seismic design in an earthquake-prone region (SS of 1.1 g–1.8 g). Continuing from a previous study of single-story houses in Trinidad and Tobago, fragility functions for three types of typical two-story residential structures were derived using Incremental Dynamic Analysis considering both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The selected ground motion records are compatible with spectra derived for Trinidad and Tobago. Fragility functions for the structures are with respect to limit states of slight, moderate, extensive, and complete damage as well as out-of-plane dynamic instability. These fragility functions can be used for regional risk assessment hence the derivation of disaster mitigation and management plans thereby avoiding a major crisis in the Caribbean.
von Willebrand factor levels in the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa , El Alayli Abdallah , Abughanimeh Omar , Diab Osama , Tayiem Sammy , Madoukh Bader , Dimassi Ahmad B. , Qureini Aref , Ameer Barbara , Eikenboom Jeroen C.J. , Giraud Nicolas , McLintock Claire , McRae Simon , Montgomery Robert R. , O’Donnell James S. , Scappe Nikole , Sidonio Robert F. , Brignardello-Petersen Romina , Flood Veronica H. , Connell Nathan T. , James Paula D. , Mustafa Reem A.
Published: October 2021

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is associated with significant morbidity as a result of excessive mucocutaneous bleeding. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent and treat these symptoms. We systematically reviewed the accuracy of diagnostic tests using different cutoff values of von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) and platelet-dependent von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity assays in the diagnosis of VWD. We searched Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for eligible studies. We pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity and reported patient-important outcomes when relevant. This review included 21 studies that evaluated VWD diagnosis. The results showed low certainty in the evidence for a net health benefit from reconsidering the diagnosis of VWD vs removing the disease diagnosis in patients with VWF levels that have normalized with age. For the diagnosis of type 1 VWD, VWF sequence variants were detected in 75% to 82% of patients with VWF:Ag < 0.30 IU/mL and in 44% to 60% of patients with VWF:Ag between 0.30 and 0.50 IU/mL. A sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.94) and a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76-0.97) were observed for a platelet-dependent VWF activity/VWF:Ag ratio < 0.7 in detecting type 2 VWD (moderate certainty in the test accuracy results). VWF:Ag and platelet-dependent activity are continuous variables that are associated with an increase in bleeding risk with decreasing levels. This systematic review shows that using a VWF activity/VWF:Ag ratio < 0.7 vs lower cutoff levels in patients with an abnormal initial VWD screen is more accurate for the diagnosis of type 2 VWD.
Impact of CMV reactivation on relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after HCT is dependent on disease stage and ATG
Authors: Turki Amin T. , Tsachakis-Mück Nikolaos , Leserer Saskia , Crivello Pietro , Liebregts Tobias , Betke Luisa , Alashkar Ferras , Leimkühler Nils B. , Trilling Mirko , Fleischhauer Katharina , Beelen Dietrich W.
Published: October 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is a frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), whose impact on clinical outcome, in particular on leukemic relapse, is controversial. We retrospectively analyzed 687 HCT recipients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ciclosporin-based immunosuppression to better understand the differential impact of CMV on transplant outcomes depending on AML disease stage and in vivo T cell depletion with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Without ATG, CMV reactivation associated with significantly reduced relapse, yet its effect was more pronounced for advanced disease AML (P = .0002) than for patients in first complete remission (CR1, P = .0169). Depending on the disease stage, ATG exposure abrogated relapse protection following CMV reactivation in advanced stages (P = .796), while it inverted its effect into increased relapse for CR1 patients (P = .0428). CMV reactivation was associated with significantly increased nonrelapse mortality in CR1 patients without ATG (P = .0187) but not in those with advanced disease and ATG. Following CMV reactivation, only patients with advanced disease had significantly higher event-free survival rates as compared with patients without CMV. Overall, our data suggest that both ATG and disease stage modulate the impact of post-HCT CMV reactivation in opposite directions, revealing a level of complexity that warrants future studies regarding the interplay between antivirus and antitumor immunity.
The interrelationship between electrical resistivity and VP/VS ratio: A novel approach to constrain the subsurface resistivity structure in data gap areas in a seismogenic zone
Authors: Borah Ujjal K. , Patro Prasanta K.
Published: October 2021

Large man-made water reservoirs promote fluid diffusion and cause critically stressed fault zones underneath to trigger earthquakes. Electrical resistivity is a crucial property to investigate such fluid-filled fault zones. Therefore, we carry out magnetotelluric (MT) investigation to explore an intraplate earthquake zone, which is related to artificial reservoir-triggered seismicity. However, due to surface access restrictions, our data set has a gap in coverage in the middle part of the study area. This data gap region coincides with the earthquake hypocenter distribution in that intraplate earthquake zone. Therefore, it is vital to fill the data gap to obtain the electrical signature of the active seismic zone. To compensate for the data gap, we have developed a relation that connects resistivity with the ratio of seismic P- to S-wave velocity ([Formula: see text]). Using this relation, we estimate a priori resistivity distribution in the data gap region from known [Formula: see text] values during the inversion to compensate for the data gap. A comparison study of the root-mean-square misfits of inversion outputs (with and without data gap filled) proves the effectiveness of the established relation. The inversion output obtained using the established relation brings out fault signatures in the data gap region. To examine the reliability and accuracy of these fault signatures, we occupy a portion of the data gap with new MT sites. We compare the inversion output from this new setup with the inversion output obtained from the established relation and observe that the electrical signatures in both outputs are spatially correlated. Furthermore, a synthetic test on a similar earth model establishes the credibility and robustness of the derived relation.
Perinatal mental health around the world: priorities for research and service development in The Netherlands
Authors: Leppers Iris , Veth Cornelis Pieter Matthijs , de Waardt Dieuwertje Anna , Migchels Hanneke , Traa Maria Johanna
Published: October 2021

The Netherlands has an unique system of perinatal and postpartum healthcare. Pregnancy care is delivered predominantly by primary care midwives and childbirth services predominantly involve hospital care. The first week postpartum, all women receive daily care from maternity nurses. In addition, hospitals and out-patient clinics offer perinatal mental healthcare. More specifically, ‘POP care’ (psychiatry, obstetrics and paediatrics) was developed to promote multidisciplinary collaboration in this regard. Although clinical practices and government initiatives to improve pregnancy-related mental healthcare work well, they have yet to be fully described and evaluated. The current COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on health services and perinatal mental health.
Precursors and correlates of transient and persistent longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences from late childhood through early adulthood
Authors: Rammos Alexandros , Sullivan Sarah A. , Kounali Daphne , Jones Hannah J. , Hammerton Gemma , Hines Lindsey A. , Lewis Glyn , Jones Peter B. , Cannon Mary , Thompson Andrew , Wolke Dieter , Heron Jon , Zammit Stanley
Published: October 2021

Background

Psychotic experiences are reported by 5–10% of young people, although only a minority persist and develop into psychotic disorders. It is unclear what characteristics differentiate those with transient psychotic experiences from those with persistent psychotic experiences that are more likely to be of clinical relevance.

Aims

To investigate how longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences, created from assessments at three different time points, are influenced by early life and co-occurring factors.

Method

Using data from 8045 individuals from a birth cohort study, longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences based on semi-structured interviews conducted at 12, 18 and 24 years were defined. Environmental, cognitive, psychopathological and genetic determinants of these profiles were investigated, along with concurrent changes in psychopathology and cognition.

Results

Following multiple imputations, the distribution of longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences was none (65.7%), transient (24.1%), low-frequency persistent (8.4%) and high-frequency persistent (1.7%). Individuals with high-frequency persistent psychotic experiences were more likely to report traumatic experiences, other psychopathology, a more externalised locus of control, reduced emotional stability and conscientious personality traits in childhood, compared with those with transient psychotic experiences. These characteristics also differed between those who had any psychotic experiences and those who did not.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the same risk factors are associated with incidence as with persistence of psychotic experiences. Thus, it might be that the severity of exposure, rather than the presence of specific disease-modifying factors, is most likely to determine whether psychotic experiences are transient or persist, and potentially develop into a clinical disorder over time.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Papola Davide , Ostuzzi Giovanni , Tedeschi Federico , Gastaldon Chiara , Purgato Marianna , Del Giovane Cinzia , Pompoli Alessandro , Pauley Darin , Karyotaki Eirini , Sijbrandij Marit , Furukawa Toshi A. , Cuijpers Pim , Barbui Corrado
Published: October 2021

Background

Psychotherapies are the treatment of choice for panic disorder, but which should be considered as first-line treatment is yet to be substantiated by evidence.

Aims

To examine the most effective and accepted psychotherapy for the acute phase of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia via a network meta-analysis.

Method

We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the most effective and accepted psychotherapy for the acute phase of panic disorder. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CENTRAL, from inception to 1 Jan 2021 for RCTs. Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines were used. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Confidence in the evidence was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). The protocol was published in a peer-reviewed journal and in PROSPERO (CRD42020206258).

Results

We included 136 RCTs in the systematic review. Taking into consideration efficacy (7352 participants), acceptability (6862 participants) and the CINeMA confidence in evidence appraisal, the best interventions in comparison with treatment as usual (TAU) were cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) (for efficacy: standardised mean differences s.m.d. = −0.67, 95% CI −0.95 to −0.39; CINeMA: moderate; for acceptability: relative risk RR = 1.21, 95% CI −0.94 to 1.56; CINeMA: moderate) and short-term psychodynamic therapy (for efficacy: s.m.d. = −0.61, 95% CI −1.15 to −0.07; CINeMA: low; for acceptability: RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.54–1.54; CINeMA: moderate). After removing RCTs at high risk of bias only CBT remained more efficacious than TAU.

Conclusions

CBT and short-term psychodynamic therapy are reasonable first-line choices. Studies with high risk of bias tend to inflate the overall efficacy of treatments. Results from this systematic review and network meta-analysis should inform clinicians and guidelines.
Debris and Desire
Authors: Zhang Shunyuan
Published: October 2021

This article examines transgender practices in Southwest China through the analytic lens of assemblage. Through ethnographically contextualizing transgender sex workers' daily navigation of the rapidly shifting urban space in Kunming, this article reconceptualizes transgender as constitutive to the dynamic urban assemblage instead of carving out a space and time external to it. It argues that the critical lens of assemblage in the analysis of transgender practice reveals the constitutive queerness of the norm, troubling the political and analytic tenet of antinormativity in queer studies.
Proprotein convertase furina is required for heart development in zebrafish
Authors: Zhou Qinchao , Lei Lei , Zhang Hefei , Chiu Shih-Ching , Gao Lu , Yang Ran , Wei Wensheng , Peng Gang , Zhu Xiaojun , Xiong Jing-Wei
Published: October 2021

Cardiac looping and trabeculation are key processes during cardiac chamber maturation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the isolation, cloning and characterization of the proprotein convertase furina from the cardiovascular mutant loft in zebrafish. loft is an ethylnitrosourea-induced mutant and has evident defects in the cardiac outflow tract, heart looping and trabeculation, the craniofacial region and pharyngeal arch arteries. Positional cloning revealed that furina mRNA was barely detectable in loft mutants, and loft failed to complement the TALEN-induced furina mutant pku338, confirming that furina is responsible for the loft mutant phenotypes. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Notch reporter Tg(tp1:mCherry) signals were largely eliminated in mutant hearts, and overexpression of the Notch intracellular domain partially rescued the mutant phenotypes, probably due to the lack of Furina-mediated cleavage processing of Notch1b proteins, the only Notch receptor expressed in the heart. Together, our data suggest a potential post-translational modification of Notch1b proteins via the proprotein convertase Furina in the heart, and unveil the function of the Furina-Notch1b axis in cardiac looping and trabeculation in zebrafish, and possibly in other organisms.
The Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center international eSymposium – an early-career investigators’ seminar series during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nieto-Torres Jose L. , Durgan Joanne , Franco-Romero Anais , Grumati Paolo , Guardia Carlos M. , Leidal Andrew M. , Mandell Michael A. , Towers Christina G. , Wang Fei
Published: October 2021

The Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism (AIM) Center organized a globally accessible, virtual eSymposium during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The conference included presentations from scientific leaders, as well as a career discussion panel, and provided a much-needed platform for early-career investigators (ECIs) to showcase their research in autophagy. This Perspective summarizes the science presented by the ECIs during the event and discusses the lessons learned from a virtual meeting of this kind during the pandemic. The meeting was a learning experience for all involved, and the ECI participants herein offer their thoughts on the pros and cons of virtual meetings as a modality, either as standalone or hybrid events, with a view towards the post-pandemic world.
Prenatal yolk corticosterone exposure promotes skeletal growth and induces oxidative imbalance in yellow-legged gull embryos
Authors: Romano Andrea , Possenti Cristina Daniela , Caprioli Manuela , De Felice Beatrice , Rubolini Diego , Parolini Marco
Published: October 2021

Maternally derived hormones induce variation in offspring phenotype, with consequences that can carry over into post-natal life and even into adulthood. In birds, maternal egg corticosterone (CORT) is known to exert contrasting effects on offspring morphology, physiology and behaviour after hatching. However, information on the effects of CORT exposure on pre-hatching embryonic development is limited. We experimentally increased yolk CORT levels in yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) eggs, and assessed the effects on embryo pre-hatching development and oxidative status of brain and liver. CORT-supplemented embryos reached a larger skeletal size and liver mass compared with controls. Embryos from CORT-injected last-laid eggs showed decreased activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, while intermediate-laid eggs showed increased levels of lipid peroxidation. However, elevated yolk CORT did not affect oxidative stress endpoints in the brain. Our results indicate that elevated yolk CORT levels affect prenatal embryo development by promoting skeletal growth, and induce laying sequence- and organ-specific oxidative imbalance, with potential adverse consequences during postnatal life, especially for late-hatched offspring.
Role of MRI in diagnosing the primary site of origin in indeterminate cases of uterocervical carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jain Pooja , Aggarwal Ankita , Ghasi Rohini Gupta , Malik Amita , Misra Ritu Nair , Garg Kanwaljeet
Published: October 2021

Objective:

To perform a literature review assessing role of MRI in predicting origin of indeterminate uterocervical carcinomas with emphasis on sequences and imaging parameters.

Methods:

Electronic literature search of PubMed was performed from its inception until May 2020 and PICO model used for study selection; population was female patients with known/clinical suspicion of uterocervical cancer, intervention was MRI, comparison was by histopathology and outcome was differentiation between primary endometrial and cervical cancers.

Results:

Eight out of nine reviewed articles reinforced role of MRI in uterocervical primary determination. T2 and Dynamic contrast were the most popular sequences determining tumor location, morphology, enhancement, and invasion patterns. Role of DWI and MR spectroscopy has been evaluated by even fewer studies with significant differences found in both apparent diffusion coefficient values and metabolite spectra. The four studies eligible for meta-analysis showed a pooled sensitivity of 88.4% (95% confidence interval 70.6 to 96.1%) and a pooled specificity of 39.5% (95% confidence interval 4.2 to 90.6%).

Conclusions:

MRI plays a pivotal role in uterocervical primary determination with both conventional and newer sequences assessing important morphometric and functional parameters. Socioeconomic impact of both primaries, different management guidelines and paucity of existing studies warrants further research. Prospective multicenter trials will help bridge this gap. Meanwhile, individual patient database meta-analysis can help corroborate existing data.

Advances in knowledge:

MRI with its classical and functional sequences helps in differentiation of the uterine ‘cancer gray zone’ which is imperative as both primary endometrial and cervical tumors have different management protocols.
Performance of a convolutional neural network algorithm for tooth detection and numbering on periapical radiographs
Authors: Görürgöz Cansu , Orhan Kaan , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Çelik Özer , Bilgir Elif , Odabaş Alper , Aslan Ahmet Faruk , Jagtap Rohan
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) algorithm for tooth detection and numbering on periapical images.

Methods:

The data sets of 1686 randomly selected periapical radiographs of patients were collected retrospectively. A pre-trained model (GoogLeNet Inception v3 CNN) was employed for pre-processing, and transfer learning techniques were applied for data set training. The algorithm consisted of: (1) the Jaw classification model, (2) Region detection models, and (3) the Final algorithm using all models. Finally, an analysis of the latest model has been integrated alongside the others. The sensitivity, precision, true-positive rate, and false-positive/negative rate were computed to analyze the performance of the algorithm using a confusion matrix.

Results:

An artificial intelligence algorithm (CranioCatch, Eskisehir-Turkey) was designed based on R-CNN inception architecture to automatically detect and number the teeth on periapical images. Of 864 teeth in 156 periapical radiographs, 668 were correctly numbered in the test data set. The F1 score, precision, and sensitivity were 0.8720, 0.7812, and 0.9867, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated the potential accuracy and efficiency of the CNN algorithm for detecting and numbering teeth. The deep learning-based methods can help clinicians reduce workloads, improve dental records, and reduce turnaround time for urgent cases. This architecture might also contribute to forensic science.
Genetic interventions, inequalities and the role of the state
Authors: Athanasiadis Grigorios
Published: October 2021

A central issue in the ethical public debate on genetic enhancement concerns the inequalities in skills, opportunities and welfare that might be created and established between rich and poor. Many argue that if only the wealthy can have access to enhancements, then existing unjust inequalities will be consolidated and new ones will emerge in the future. Therefore, they argue, state has a role to play against the exacerbating of existing inequalities and the emergence of future ones and determine a genetic policy that will regulate a fair distribution of genetic means under specific principles of justice. This article has two main sections. In the first and shorter section, I examine a case where access to enhancement would be unlimited for everyone. In the second and longer section, I examine the principles that a state should adopt in order to treat the unjust inequalities that could result from limited access to enhancement. Finally, I outline part of my own approach to a just genetic state policy.
Η βιοτρομοκρατία και η σύγχρονη αναγκαιότητα της βιοάμυνας
Authors: Amasiadi Natalia
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Scientific progress has considerably increased the risk of unexpected bioterrorist attacks. In accordance comes the necessity for a potent “shield” of protection, known as “biosecurity” and widely referred as “biodefense”. However, ethical challenges and concerns, arising along with bioterrorism, are inevitable to address.Methods: COVID-19 outbreak immerged the significance of preexisting powerful biodefense systems. Primary factors to consider are theirs efficacy, the availability of capable emergency plans, adequate personal protective equipment, and sufficient funding. Least but not last comes the proper comprehension of risk assessment and the promotion of prevention, which contributes fundamentally in avoiding the outbreak, even before the harmful biological agent has begun spreading itself among the community.Results: Meticulous data recording will promote our knowledge of effectively constructive biodefense systems and will contribute in identifying crucial bioethical issues, as well to legislate accordingly, nationally, and internationally, in order to duly address the emerging threats. Conclusion: Drastic measures against bioterrorism are inevitable to take, so is the foundation of sufficient biodefense systems, which should lay on scientific knowledge that drives from relevant research, and general consent. Ultimately is, the establishment of international laws, to propel collaboration among nations and eliminate future bioterrorist attacks.
Reciprocity and Unveiling in Two-Sided Reputation Systems: Evidence from an Experiment on Airbnb
Authors: Fradkin Andrey , Grewal Elena , Holtz David
Published: October 2021

Reputation systems are used by nearly every digital marketplace, but designs vary and the effects of these designs are not well understood. We use a large-scale experiment on Airbnb to study the causal effects of one particular design choice—the timing with which feedback by one user about another is revealed on the platform. Feedback was hidden until both parties submitted a review in the treatment group and was revealed immediately after submission in the control group. The treatment stimulated more reviewing in total. This is due to users’ curiosity about what their counterparty wrote and/or the desire to have feedback visible to other users. We also show that the treatment reduced retaliation and reciprocation in feedback and led to lower ratings as a result. The effects of the policy on feedback did not translate into reduced adverse selection on the platform.
Take Your Time? How Activity Timing Affects Organizational Learning and Performance Outcomes
Authors: Desai Vinit , Madsen Peter
Published: October 2021

Organizational learning theory has long examined how organizations learn to perform better as they accumulate experience. Although experience accumulation is inherently related to the timing of the repeated activities carried out by an organization, the direct relationship between activity timing and organizational learning has not been examined explicitly in the literature and remains an open question. Organizational learning theory contains two competing perspectives on how timing should impact learning—one suggesting that iterating faster is better for learning and one suggesting that taking more time between iterations is more helpful. Here, we reconcile these perspectives and develop a theory about the boundary conditions between them, arguing that, in general, iterating more rapidly enhances learning but that iterations of novel or complex activities, or ones following recent failure, benefit from a slower pace. We conduct tests of this theoretical perspective using data from the entire history of the orbital satellite launch industry from 1957–2017, and we find broad support for our theory and hypotheses.
Scheduling Tugboats in a Seaport
Authors: Jia Shuai , Li Shuqin , Lin Xudong , Chen Xiaohong
Published: October 2021

In a seaport, vessels need the assistance of tugboats when mooring and unmooring. Tugboats assist a vessel by pushing or towing the vessel’s tug points, and the vessel can moor (or unmoor) successfully only if each of the tug points is operated with sufficient horsepower. For a busy port where vessels frequently require the service of tugboats, effectively scheduling tugboats for serving incoming and outgoing vessels is a key to successful execution of the vessels’ berth plans. In this paper, we study a tugboat scheduling problem in a busy port, where incoming and outgoing vessels frequently require the assistance of tugboats, but the number of available tugboats is limited. We make use of a network representation of the problem and develop an integer programming formulation, which takes into account the berth plans of vessels, the tug points of vessels for different move types, and the horsepower requirements of the tug points, to minimize the weighted sum of the berthing and departure tardiness of vessels, the operating cost of tugboats, and the number of vessels that cannot be served successfully. We analyze the computational complexity of the problem and develop a novel iterative solution method, which combines Lagrangian relaxation and Benders decomposition, for generating near-optimal solutions. Computational performance of the proposed solution method is evaluated on problem instances generated from the operational data of a container port in Shanghai.
Vizinhança do Tigre e Baronesa: deriva, fabulação e verdade
Authors: Schuler Ian , Andrade Lucas , Guéron Rodrigo
Published: October 2021

Observaremos nos filmes A Vizinhança do Tigre (Affonso Uchoa, 2014) e Baronesa (Juliana Antunes, 2017), destaques do cinema feito nas periferias brasileiras na década de 2010, experiências de deriva: de “perambulação”. A partir delas, veremos surgir imagens ativas, uma ação fabuladora e a presentificação de uma “verdade” de um modo distinto da forma como esta é concebida nos documentários clássicos.
Universidades e Internacionalização Da Educação Superior Para a Integração Regional: A Agenda Educacional Mercosul e As Mobilidades De Estudantes Brasileiros Para a Argentina l Universities And The Internationalization Of Higher Education Towards Regional Development: The Educational Agenda In Mercosur And The Student Mobility Between Brazil And Argentine
Authors: Lajus Fernando
Published: October 2021

A universidade tem sido uma das instituições centrais no desenvolvimento das sociedades modernas, com os últimos 30 anos vendo o surgimento de dinâmicas de internacionalização da educação superior como um imperativo para o seu progresso. Exploramos a relação deste processo com o tema da integração regional, tomando como exemplo o MERCOSUL enquanto espaço geográfico e de decisão. Para tanto, focamos nos dados que contam a história da relação entre as universidades brasileiras e argentinas desde um ponto de vista dos processos de internacionalização, em que atentamos para a existência de dinâmicas de mobilidade informais que passam despercebidas pelas estratégias de políticas de cooperação acadêmica. Discutimos como essas experiências de estudantes brasileiros na Argentina podem auxiliar na construção de uma agenda educacional no MERCOSUL que leve em conta dois pontos principais: a fatura de um sistema de acreditação comum para cursos e o incremento de programas de mobilidade científica na região.Palavras-Chave: Internacionalização da Educação Superior; Integração Regional; MERCOSUL.ABSTRACTThe university has been one of the central institutions in the development of modern societies, with the last 30 years seeing the emergence of internationalization of higher education as an imperative for its progress. We explore the relation of such a process with the theme of regional cooperation, taking MERCOSUL as an example of a geographical space of decision-making. We focus on the data regarding the history between the Brazilian and Argentine universities from the point of view of its process of internationalization, where we pay attention to the existence of informal dynamics that do not get into consideration in the politics of regional cooperation. We discuss how the experience of Brazilian students in Argentine can support the construction of an education agenda in MERCOSUL that takes into account two key aspects: the architecture of a common system of accreditation and the manufacturing of programs of scientific mobility in the region.Keywords: Internationalization of Higher Education; Regional Cooperation; MERCOSUR. Recebido em: 04/02/2021 | Aceito em: 07/05/2021.
A Economia Política do Big Data: Um Recurso Estratégico e de Poder entre Oligopólios Tecnológicos e Vulnerabilidades Estatais l The Political Economy of Big Data: a Strategic and Power Resource Among Technological Oligopolies and State Vulnerabilities
Authors: Marzinotto Junior Francisco Luiz
Published: October 2021

A Internet popularizou-se globalmente a partir da década de 90 e se tornou central nas relações sociais contemporâneas. Atualmente, mais de 50% da população mundial a utiliza diariamente. Com isso, a quantidade de dados digitais produzidos aumentou subitamente, fazendo com que adentremos na “Era do Big Data”. Contudo, essa área é dominada por oligopólios privados com enorme capital que absorvem novas empresas e tecnologias, eliminando possíveis concorrentes e colocando em risco a estabilidade estatal. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a posição dos Estados em relação à “Era do Big Data”. Os resultados demonstraram a existência de um ciclo vicioso de concentração de informações sensíveis e poder político-econômico em oligopólios. Conclui-se que os “dados” não devem ser vistos apenas como uma ferramenta de aprimoramento comercial, mas sim, como uma fonte de recurso estratégico aos Estados, devendo-se priorizar os interesses públicos em detrimento dos privados em sua gestão.Palavras-Chave: Big Data; Poder; Economia Política Internacional. ABSTRACTInternet became globally popular and central to social relations since 1990s. Currently, more than 50% of the world’s population uses it daily. As result, the amount of digital data produced has suddenly increased, making us enter the “Big Data Era”. However, this area is dominated by private oligopolies with huge capital that absorb new companies and technologies, eliminating potential competitors and putting state stability at risk. Thus, the objective of the present work is to analyze the position of the States in relation to the “Big Data Era”. The results demonstrated the existence of a vicious cycle of concentration of sensitive information and political-economic power in oligopolies. It is concluded that big data should no longer be seen only as a tool for commercial improvement, but rather as a source of strategic resources for States, where public interests should be prioritized over private ones in their management.Keywords: Big Data; Power; International Political Economy. Recebido em: 10/04/2021 | Aceito em: 07/07/2021.
An Overview of Multi Agent System for Sports and Healthcare Industry
Authors: Dalal Naveen , Chhabra Indu
Published: October 2021

Players more often engage in excessive physical activities during exercise session as well as in the game session because results of the games highly depend over the performance of participants that can be degraded due to various factors current health status, injury history, exercise types and duration, training and game experience. A Multi agent System can analyze all these factors and the overall performance of the participants can be improved using feedback. In this paper, the role of the Artificial Intelligence, Expert System, Machine/Deep Learning/Neural Networks in the sports and healthcare industry will be explored.
Design and Efficient Network Investigation of Passive Periodic Drop Attack
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Maninder
Published: October 2021

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is much more vulnerable to various security attacks due to its high mobility, multi-hop communication and the absence of centralized administration. In this paper, we investigate the impact of Jellyfish periodic dropping attack on MANETs under different routing protocols. This investigate is under the class of denial-of-service attack and targets closed loop flows which results in delay and data loss. In this paper, the simulation results are gathered using OPNET network simulator and its effect on network performance is studied by analysing re-transmission attempts, network load and throughput. The results have shown that the impact of Jellyfish periodic dropping attack which reduces the network performance. Performance shows OLSR performs better than AODV under periodic drop attack.
Monte Carlo analysis of optical heart rate sensors in commercial wearables: the effect of skin tone and obesity on the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal
Authors: Ajmal  , Boonya-Ananta Tananant , Rodriguez Andres J. , Du Le V. N. , Ramella-Roman Jessica C.
Published: October 2021

Commercially available wearable devices have been used for fitness and health management and their demand has increased over the last ten years. These “general wellness” and heart-rate monitoring devices have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for over-the-counter use, yet anecdotal and more systematic reports seem to indicate that their error is higher when used by individuals with elevated skin tone and high body mass index (BMI). In this work, we used Monte Carlo modeling of a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to study the theoretical limits of three different wearable devices (Apple Watch series 5, Fitbit Versa 2 and Polar M600) when used by individuals with a BMI range of 20 to 45 and a Fitzpatrick skin scale 1 to 6. Our work shows that increased BMI and skin tone can induce a relative loss of signal of up to 61.2% in Fitbit versa 2, 32% in Apple S5 and 32.9% in Polar M600 when considering the closest source-detector pair configuration in these devices.
Thermal and temporal characteristics of Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filters based on a hollow cathode lamp
Authors: Luo Bin , Ma Rui , Ji Qianqian , Yin Longfei , Chen Jingbiao , Guo Hong
Published: October 2021

As a new, to the best of our knowledge, alternative to the saturated vapor-cell-based Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), the FADOF based on a hollow cathode lamp (HCL-FADOF) not only enables the FADOF to work normally at room temperature without heating, but also has some new features due to the inherent characteristics of the HCL. In this Letter, we implement an HCL-FADOF operating on the rubidium D2 line and experimentally investigate the effect of ambient temperature on its performance and cold-start characteristics. Results show that the HCL-FADOF can provide excellent stability within a large temperature range, even at temperatures below 0°C. A comparison of the start performance between the HCL-FADOF and FADOF using saturated vapor cells is also provided. This work shows unique features of the HCL-FADOF in a low-temperature environment and its quick-start advantage, which provides a solid foundation for extensive applications.
A field guide to cultivating computational biology
Authors: Way Gregory P. , Greene Casey S. , Carninci Piero , Carvalho Benilton S. , de Hoon Michiel , Finley Stacey D. , Gosline Sara J. C. , Lȇ Cao Kim-Anh , Lee Jerry S. H. , Marchionni Luigi , Robine Nicolas , Sindi Suzanne S. , Theis Fabian J. , Yang Jean Y. H. , Carpenter Anne E. , Fertig Elana J.
Published: October 2021

Evolving in sync with the computation revolution over the past 30 years, computational biology has emerged as a mature scientific field. While the field has made major contributions toward improving scientific knowledge and human health, individual computational biology practitioners at various institutions often languish in career development. As optimistic biologists passionate about the future of our field, we propose solutions for both eager and reluctant individual scientists, institutions, publishers, funding agencies, and educators to fully embrace computational biology. We believe that in order to pave the way for the next generation of discoveries, we need to improve recognition for computational biologists and better align pathways of career success with pathways of scientific progress. With 10 outlined steps, we call on all adjacent fields to move away from the traditional individual, single-discipline investigator research model and embrace multidisciplinary, data-driven, team science.
Skin lesion and mortality rate estimates for common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Florida Panhandle following a historic flood
Authors: Toms Christina N. , Stone Tori , Och Traci
Published: October 2021

Increasing evidence links prolonged freshwater exposure to adverse health conditions, immune deficiencies, and mortality in delphinids. Pensacola, Florida, experienced a record-breaking flood event in April 2014, after which, skin lesions evident of freshwater exposure were observed on common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Here we assess the potential consequences of the flood on bottlenose dolphin health and mortality. Data from an ongoing study were used to evaluate the relationship between skin lesions (progression, prevalence, and extent) and the flood with respect to changing environmental conditions (salinity). Annual stranding records (2012–2016) from Alabama to the eastern Florida Panhandle were used as an indicator of dolphin health to test the hypothesis that the flood event resulted in increased annual mortality rates. Although salinities remained low for several months, results suggest that there was not the widespread skin lesion outbreak anticipated. Of the 333 unique individuals detected only 20% were seen with skin lesions. There was a significant increase in the proportion of dolphins seen post-flood with lesion extent above background levels (≥ 5%; p = 0.001), however, there were only 11 cases with lesion extent greater than 20%. Skin lesion prevalence increased overall following the flood (p < 0.001), but pairwise comparisons revealed a delayed response with significant increases not detected until the following fall (p = 0.01), several months after salinities returned to expected levels. Regression modeling revealed no significant effects of year, region, or year x region on mortality rates, except in Alabama, where increased mortality rates were likely due to residual impacts from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. This study takes advantage of a natural experiment, highlighting how little is understood about the conditions in which prolonged freshwater exposure leads to negative impacts on dolphin health.
Stress and turnover intention among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the time of COVID-19: Can social support play a role?
Authors: Al-Mansour Khalid
Published: October 2021

The turnover intention of healthcare workers is a threat to the competence of health services, especially during COVID-19 time. This study aimed to investigate the association between stress and turnover intention among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia and whether social support could affect this association. In this cross-sectional study, healthcare workers in primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia responded to an online questionnaire assessing their sociodemographic and occupational history, stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), social support using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and turnover intention within the next few months. Path analysis was conducted to assess the mediating effect of social support on the association between stress and turnover intention. A total of 1101 healthcare workers (242 physicians, 340 nurses, 310 paramedics, and 209 administrative workers) participated in this study. The path between stress and support had a significant standardized regression weight (-.34, p < .05). The path between support and turnover had a significant standardized regression weight (.08, p < .05). The standardized total effect of stress on turnover without the impact of support was significant (-.39, p < .05). The direct effect of stress on turnover with the presence of support was significant (-.36, p < .05). The indirect effect of stress on turnover with the presence of support was significant (-.03, p < .05). Thus, there is evidence to show that support mediates the relationship between stress and support. Stress is associated with turnover intention among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. Social support had a mitigating effect on the relationship between stress and turnover intention.
Mapping the genealogy of medical device predicates in the United States
Authors: Pai Dhruv B.
Published: October 2021

Background

In the United States, medical devices are regulated and subject to review by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before they can be marketed. Low-to-medium risk novel medical devices can be reviewed under the De Novo umbrella before they can proceed to market, and this process can be fairly cumbersome, expensive, and time-consuming. An alternate faster and less-expensive pathway to going to market is the 510(k) pathway. In this approach, if the device can be shown to be substantially equivalent in safety and effectiveness to a pre-existing FDA-approved marketed device (or “predicates”), it can be cleared to market. Due to the possibility of daisy-chaining predicate devices, it can very quickly be difficult to unravel the logic and justification of how a particular medical device’s equivalence was established. From patients’ perspective, this minimizes transparency in the process. From a vendor perspective, it can be difficult to determine the right predicate that applies to their device.

Methods

We map the connectivity of various predicates in the medical device field by applying text mining and natural language processing (NLP) techniques on data publicly made available by the FDA 78000 device summaries were scraped from the US FDA 510(k) database, and a total of 2,721 devices cleared by the 510(k) regulatory pathway in 2020 were used as a specific case study to map the genealogy of medical devices cleared by the FDA. Cosine similarity was used to gauge the degree of substantial equivalence between two medical devices by evaluating their device descriptions and indications for use. Recalls and complaints for predicate devices were extracted from the FDA’s Total Product Life Cycle database using html scraping and web page optical character recognition to determine the similarity between class 1 recalled devices (the most severe form of device recall) and other substantially equivalent devices. A specific product code was used to illustrate the mapping of the genealogy from a De Novo device.

Results and discussion

The ancestral tree for the medical devices cleared in 2020 is vast and sparse, with a large number of devices having only 1–2 predicates. Evaluation of substantial equivalence data from 2003–2020 shows that the standard for substantial equivalence has not changed significantly. Studying the recalls and complaints, shows that the insulin infusion pump had the highest number of complaints, yet none of the recalled devices bore significant degree of text similarity to currently marketed devices. The mapping from the De Novo device case study was used to develop an ancestry map from the recalled predicate (recalled due to design flaws) to current substantially equivalent products in the market.

Conclusions

Besides enabling a better understanding of the risks and benefits of the 510(k) process, mapping of connectivity of various predicates could help increase consumer confidence in the medical devices that are currently in the marketplace.