bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UC Davis - Digestible Energy by Proximate Analysis v1
Authors: Knotts Trina
Published: May 2019

Summary: Changes in fecal energy loss can result in differences in net energy balance and feed efficiency, and may result from, e.g., alterations in bile acid production, secretion or re-uptake, and changes in activities of enzymes involved in macronutrient digestion or uptake (e.g., pancreatic lipase). This assay will be coupled to food intake determinations and will involve fecal collection and feces weight measures for 48h, which can be coordinated with the meal pattern studies (catalog item D4003) or indirect calorimetry (catalog item D4007). Specific components (crude protein, dry matter, ash, and fat), will be measured by proximate analysis in fecal samples to in order to assess fat or protein absorption.
UC Davis - Blood Pressure by Tail Cuff v1
Authors: Rutkowsky Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Summary: This technique has been used routinely for the non-invasive measurement of blood pressure in rats, and more recently in mice. The technique provides a good estimate of actual systolic pressure. Hypertension major risk factor for stroke myocardial infarction, heart failure, aneurysm of the arteries, peripheral artery disease and is a cause of chronic kidney disease and erectile dysfunction (ED) Modified from: UC Davis MBP SOP-CODA Blood Pressure, Todd Tolentino 11/02/2012
UC Davis - Endoplasmic reticulum stress v1
Authors: G. Haj Fawaz
Published: May 2019

Summary: This test is designated to determine if rodents exhibit signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress, through evaluation of the activation state of the 3 sub-arms: PERK/EiF2α, Ire1α/sXBP1, and ATF6α pathways such. We will examine induction of ER stress in adipose and liver tissues.
UC Davis - Gross Body Composition (DEXA) v1
Authors: Knotts Trina
Published: May 2019

Summary: Rapid and accurate measures of fat and lean mass will be carried out in isoflurane-anesthetized mice, using a PixiMus dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) device. This approach is especially attractive when it is desirable to utilize the same mice for several phenotypic measurements (e.g., when relatively few mice of a particular genotype are available), and measurements may be taken within ~5 min/mouse. Total bone mineral density (BMD, in gm/cm²) and bone mineral content (BMC, in.mg.) values are obtained automatically from the DEXA scan and will be provided to MMPC clients as part of the dataset. Regional determinations of BMD and BMC can also be provided for a nominal data processing fee by utilizing the region-of-interest (ROI) capability of the PixiMus software. When terminal studies are conducted, whole-animal DEXA data can be complemented by determinations of adiposity (catalog item D4002) by dissection and measurement of adipose depot-specific weights (summed weights of gonadal, retroperitoneal, and femoral subcutaneous fat depots divided by live weight.)
UC Davis - HDL Protocol v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: LDL and VLDL are separated from HDL using a precipitation reagent. Then the HDL fraction is measured for either TC or TG using the same reagents for total cholesterol or triglyceride.
UC Davis - Hydrogen Peroxide v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a ubiquitous, toxic, metabolic by-product of aerobic respiration, oxidative stress, and oxidative injury. Cayman's Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit utilizes the well established xylenol orange detection method of quantifying the oxidation of ferrous ions (Fe2+) to ferric ions (Fe3+) by hydrogen peroxide. A unique feature of Cayman's assay is the inclusion of catalase as an H2O2 scavenger for the purpose of confirming the specificity of the reaction for H2O2. The sensitivity and the specificity of the assay make it well suited to accurately measure urinary levels H2O2 in a 96 well plate format. Each kit contains hydrogen peroxide, reagent 1, reagent 2, catalase, a 96 well plate, plate cover, and complete instructions.
Consumer Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) – A Mechanism for Innovative E-governance in EU
Authors: Jeretina Urša
Published: May 2019

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) could be the first important step towards adjusting the public Administration to the requirements of the digital era by introducing new e-disputes. In this context, this article examines the significance of the emergence of consumer ODR systems in EU as a new mechanism for resolving disputes, online ones included. It takes a theoretical research approach to evaluate the nature and scope of ODR development in the emerging field of e-governance and combine it with a comparative data analysis to identify the core positive and negative challenges in the use of ODR. Some EU member states have already adopted ODR as a tool for digital e-government and others are still in the period of its implementation. ODR has already proved effective resolution for at least some disputes (e.g. cross-border disputes), but unfortunately has not yet reached its full potential. The lack of relevant ODR case law is another issue that contributes to only gradual usage of ODR systems and their efficiency. Key findings are formulated as a list of challenges that EU has to face for efficient use of ODR and it as an important part within innovative European e-governance in the future.
The (Draft) European Charter of the Commons – Between Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Simonati Anna
Published: May 2019

The concept of ownership, which (in Italy and similarly in other European systems) is still essentially based on private law rules, is currently not sufficient to ensure the satisfaction of the general interest in an increasingly wide access to scarce resources, in the perspective of equality and fairness on the field. At the same time, strong criticism has been expressed about the frequent phenomenon of privatisation of originally public assets and resources. The threats to the pursuit of the public benefit posed by privatisation may be tackled by constructing a new legal framework, aimed to protect the right of the populations to be involved not only in the use, but also in the management of the commons. An expression of this idea is the draft European Charter of the Commons, which is the result of a collective brain-storming by a group of scholars rather than a source of law. Its non-normative nature has allowed its authors to express particularly ‘brave’ positions. This article takes the Charter as a starting point to focus on some open issues. The main proposal concerns the possible exploitation of new participatory models for the involvement of communities of users in the strategic decisions on the management of the commons. In such perspective, a brief reference to the Italian legal system is made. In Italy, there are no systemic rules about the commons, but some procedures to involve the interested local communities in the strategic choices have been experimented, which can serve as an illustration also for otherEU countries.
The Service of Documents in Administrative Procedural Law – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Golob Ines
Published: May 2019

This article presents a comparative and empirical analysis of the service or the delivery of documents in procedures, as the key procedural action to constitute legal effects in legal relationships. In Slovenia, service is largely defined by the three main procedural laws – the General Administrative Procedure Act, the Criminal Procedure Act, and the Contentious Civil Procedure Act. These relate to different types and specifics of relationships; for instance, in administrative proceedings, the public interest prevails over private ones. The presented research, applying predominantly normative and comparative methods and analysis of case law, aims to show the importance of the specificity of the different areas and of the rules of service in different proceedings. The results of the research suggest that in certain cases service should be regulated in a uniform manner. Yet the specific aims of various legal relations require individual solutions. Thus, the article opens up grounds for future comparative research and practical regulatory improvements.
The Impact of the Public Procurement Control System on the Hungarian Public Administration
Authors: Nyikos Györgyi , Soós Gábor
Published: May 2019

The complexity of public procurement and the related controls are a significant issue that public authorities are facing in Hungary. The “fear” of being controlled by state authorities and EU auditors is affecting decisions in public procurement. However, research on the effects of such a system is largely absent. The purpose of the article is to explore the functioning of the control system related to EU funded public procurements and to examine its actual and potential impact on the purchases of public authorities. The method is first an introduction of the features of the control system and then the analysis of data from the relevant bodies in order to see the effect of controls and possible difficulties with the system. The results show that despite the seemingly positive impact on the regularity of procedures, the interference in the decisions of public authorities and the delays caused are problematic. It is therefore suggested that the Hungarian government should consider streamlining the control process such as through checks based on samples or focusing on the most risky procedures. The research is the first academic analysis of data related to public procurement control in Hungary, yet it can already inspire the Hungarian and other governments to review the effectiveness of such procedures and to reduce administrative burdens for public authorities as much as possible.
Cost Management at Higher Education Institutions – Cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia
Authors: Kostić Martina Dragija , Jovanović Tatjana , Jurić Jelena
Published: May 2019

Higher education expenditures persistently rise due to various economic, demographic and socio-cultural reasons. This caused repeated calls for reforms of the economic model in the higher education sector and dramatically increased the importance of the economic evaluations in the last decades due to concerns for efficiency. The above academic challenges led us to pioneering an attempt to evaluate the capabilities of financial management tools for three Western Balkan countries, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia. The precondition for successful reform processes is certainly a comprehensive and high-quality accounting information system that meets not only the requirements of external reporting but also the requirements of internal users, especially the management of HEIs. In that context, the main aim of this paper is to overview the legal and organizational accounting systems' characteristics focusing on external and internal reporting requirements, and study the level of development and usage of cost accounting at HEIs in selected countries. Therefore, our paper employs research methodology based on the survey conducted. The results show great differences in legal and organizational characteristics of accounting systems among the countries as well as in the development stages of cost accounting systems, which mainly focus on inconsistent overhead allocation as well as different accounting basis usage. The research results confirm poorly conceptualised and structured reporting of accounting information for management purposes, offering several applicable platforms for creation of performance management approaches and strategies in the public sector.
The Potential Capacity of Hamlets: Comparative Research on Small European Municipalities
Authors: De Vries Michiel S. , Sobis Iwona
Published: May 2019

The main theories on small municipalities and the practices as seen in many a country involving the consolidation thereof presume that the contextual and structural conditions under which small municipalities have to perform work to their detriment and pose a threat to their viability. However, the institutional and human resource conditions in which small municipalities operate might work both ways, being profitable as well as disadvantageous. This paper investigates what is theoretically known and can be empirically deduced about the capacity of small municipalities in Europe. The conclusion is that existing research is inconclusive in its outcomes regarding the actual capacity of so-called hamlets and that existing data related to local capacity are unfit to measure such among these small municipalities. Nonetheless, the paper concludes that although no conclusions can be drawn on the actual capacity of small municipalities, their potential capacity is significant. This is concluded based on their legal protection, their inclination to focus on a limited number of policy areas, their access to central and regional decision-making, and especially the trust they receive from their residents.
Management of IT Outsourcing in the Slovenian Public Sector – Material and Procedural Aspects
Authors: Stanimirović Dalibor , Vintar Mirko
Published: May 2019

Public sector management in Slovenia has been following the trends in information technology (IT) outsourcing since the mid-nineties of the last century. Being aware of the complex role of IT in modern public sector organizations and its ubiquitous implications, the paper focuses on in-depth analysis of the critical success factors, benefits and risks within the concept of IT outsourcing, while employing the international studies and primarily the results of own research examining the current situation and identifying the main drivers for IT outsourcing in Slovenian municipalities. The paper additionally analyses the material, procedural and other relevant aspects within the process of IT outsourcing, provides an overview of its potentially positive and negative implications and eventually presents a contextual framework for management of IT outsourcing along with applicable guidelines for effective utilization and implementation of IT outsourcing in the public sector.
Fremdsprachenausbildung – Bedarfs- und Erfahrungsanalyse der Fremdsprachenausbildung in der slowenischen öffentlichen Verwaltung
Authors: Horvath Margit , Danko Manica , Kovač Polonca , Stare Janez
Published: May 2019

Während der Bedarf an Fremdsprachenausbildung und Selbststudium in der Privatwirtschaft fast ein Muss ist, ist die Situation in der öffentlichen Verwaltung verhältnismäßig unbekannt. Mit Hilfe der Forschung verschiedener Meinungen und Erfahrungen, wollten wir den Bedarf der Verwaltungsangestellten an Fremdsprachenkenntnissen und Sprachenkompetenzen (Schreiben, Sprechen, Hören und Lesen) am Arbeitsplatz überprüfen. Die Bedarfs- und Erfahrungsanalyse der slowenischen öffentlichen Verwaltung im Bereich der Fremdsprachenausbildung zeigte, dass Verwaltungsangestellte Kenntnisse der englischen (83%) und deutschen Sprache (68%) benötigen, während der Bedarf an Kenntnissen der französischen Sprache trotz der engeren internationalen Zusammenarbeit der slowenischen öffentlichen Dienste mit den EU-Institutionen um gut ein Viertel (26,22%) niedriger ist als an der kroatischen und serbischen Sprache, die wegen der Einwanderung der Staatsbürger aus dem Gebiet des ehemaligen Jugoslawien in gut der Hälfte der befragten Organisationen benötigt werden. Der Bedarf an Fremdsprachenkenntnissen ist an verschiedenen Arbeitsplätzen vorhanden: die Fremdsprachenkenntnisse benötigen sowohl leitende Verwaltungsangestellte als auch Berater, (Staats-)Sekretären, Beamten, die für Ausländer und internationale Zusammenarbeit verantwortlich sind. Der größte Bedarf am Fremdsprachenerwerb steht im Zusammenhang mit der Zusammenarbeit Sloweniens mit der EU (Angestellte der öffentlichen Verwaltung benötigen Fremdsprachen am häufigsten für die Teilnahme an den EU-Ausschreibungen), der Verfolgung der europäischen Gesetzgebung und der internationalen Zusammenarbeit (z.B. bei der Leitung von internationalen Arbeitsgruppen oder bei der Kommunikation mit benachbarten Gemeinden). Der Bedarf an Fremdsprachenkenntnissen ist geringer im Bereich der Rechtspflege, Steuern, Sachgebiet- und Protokollentwicklung und der Kommunikation mit den Kunden aus dem Ausland.
Motivation and Life Satisfaction of Employees in the Public and Private Sectors
Authors: Peklar Julija , Boštjančič Eva
Published: May 2019

Work motivation is the steering of human activity towards a desired objective by means of motives generated internally in a person or in his or her environment, on the basis of his or her needs. The aim of this research was to verify whether the different types of work motivation employees reported in their work were influenced by sector, job, gender and education, and to assess how the different types of motivation are linked to life satisfaction. The research involved the participation of 288 employees – 153 in the private sector and 116 in the public sector (19 did not specify). The results show that among all employees the most distinctly expressed factor is intrinsic motivation. No differences in any type of motivation were observed between sectors; between managers in the public and private sectors there were no statistically significant differences in either extrinsic motivation or intrinsic motivation or in life satisfaction.
Uspešnost črpanja evropskih sredstev za razvoj podeželja v Sloveniji v obdobju 2003–2009
Authors: Aristovnik Aleksander , Žibert Maja
Published: May 2019

Skupna kmetijska politika je že več kot štirideset let najpomembnejša skupna evropska politika. Kmetijstvo je edini sektor, ki se v celoti sofinancira iz proračuna EU. Velik delež proračuna EU je namenjen izvajanju skupne kmetijske politike, čeprav se ta delež v zadnjih letih zmanjšuje. Leta 1984 je ta delež predstavljal 77 % vseh sredstev proračuna EU, danes predstavlja 40 %, leta 2013 pa bo samo še približno 33 %. Začetki politike razvoja podeželja v RS segajo v 80. leta prejšnjega stoletja, ko so se začeli izvajati prvi strukturni ukrepi za razvoj podeželja. Večji pomen pa je politika razvoja podeželja dobila leta 1993, ko je bila sprejeta prva strategija razvoja slovenskega kmetijstva. Politika razvoja podeželja v Sloveniji je glede financiranja začela pridobivati pomen šele leta 2003 oziroma šele takrat, ko so se ukrepi politike razvoja podeželja začeli sofinancirati iz proračuna EU. Od leta 2003 so se v Sloveniji izvajali štirje programi razvoja podeželja, ki so bili sofinancirani iz sredstev EU. To so bili program SAPARD, Enotni programski dokument 2004–2006, Program razvoja podeželja 2004–2006 in Program razvoja podeželja 2007–2013. RS je bila pri črpanju sredstev za razvoj podeželja v obdobju 2003–2009 relativno uspešna, še zlasti to velja na področju kmetijsko okoljskih plačil, vendar pa so v trenutno veljavnem programskem obdobju potrebne izboljšave oziroma odprava določenih težav pri posameznih ukrepih.
Are Public Sector Tax Practitioners Satisfied with the Services of South Africa Revenue Service?
Authors: Akinboade Oludele Akinloye , Mokwena Mandisa Putuma
Published: May 2019

The paper discusses the satisfaction with services provided by South Africa Revenue Service (SARS) to public sector tax practitioners to enhance tax compliance. A survey of 375 tax practitioners in eight provinces was made. Tax practitioners appreciate SARS services in paying tax refunds, responding to and handling enquiries, tax practitioners education and the organization of professional training/workshops. Accountants in particular strongly appreciate SARS tax practitioners education. Accountants and older tax practitioners appreciate SARS assistance in completing tax returns. Tax practitioners who work as Financial Managers, Accountants, and those who possess secondary level of education, diploma, degree or have special tax education find tax payer training to be quite useful. Older tax practitioners are more satisfied with SARS office services.
The Relationship between the Mayor and Deputy-Mayor in the Slovenian Local Self-Government System
Authors: Kukovič Simona , Prebilič Vladimir
Published: May 2019

The paper analyses the question of relations between the mayor and deputymayor, particularly in terms of division of competences. The paper also deals with the standpoints of mayors and deputy-mayors regarding the institution of deputy-mayor. Furthermore, it verifies the assumption that the current regulatory framework regarding the appointment (and determination of competences) of the deputy-mayor is not entirely appropriate. Based on the analysis of objective data and research surveys among mayors and deputy-mayors of Slovenian municipalities, we analyse the problems of the functioning of those players. We learn that the current Slovenian legislation is favourable to consolidating the position and power of the mayor, because he/she can freely appoint and determine competences of the deputy- mayor(s).
Pomen izvedbenih politik pri uvajanju sistema upravljanja informacijske varnosti
Authors: Kralj Tomaž , Starček Simon
Published: May 2019

Informacijska tehnologija v organizaciji nudi orodje za doseganje poslovnih ciljev. Skoraj nemogoče si je predstavljati organizacijo, ki bi uspešno poslovala brez ustrezne informacijske podpore poslovnim procesom. Enako velja za informacijsko varnost, saj organizacije, sploh v javnem sektorju, pri poslovanju ustvarjajo vse večje količine podatkov, katerih razkritje bi pomenilo razkritje poslovnih tajnosti ali kršitev zakonskih določb glede razkritja osebnih ali drugih podatkov.  Informacijska tehnologija, kakor tudi informacijska varnost, sta danes vtkani v domala vse poslovne procese organizacije. Zaradi tega morajo organizacije uvesti organiziran pristop zagotavljanja ustrezne podpore informacijski varnosti, to je sistem upravljanja informacijske varnosti. Le-ta vključuje različne ravni varnostnih politik kakor tudi izvedbene politike, ki določajo ravnanje zaposlenih pri izvajanju poslovnega procesa tako, da bo zadoščeno zahtevam informacijske varnosti. V članku je opredeljen pomen informacijske varnosti in sistema za upravljanje informacijske varnosti. Na procesu dodeljevanja pravic dostopa do aplikacij v Davčni upravi Republike Slovenije je prikazan primer izvedbene politike, njen pomen v procesu vzpostavitve sistema upravljanja informacijske varnosti ter zagotavljanja varnosti podatkov. Opredeljen je tudi pomen izvedbene politike z vidika tveganj informacijske varnosti.
An Examination and Evaluation of Multi-Level Governance During Migration Crisis: The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Rijavec Danila , Pevcin Primož
Published: May 2019

Paper presents the value added to the analysis of the functioning of multi-level governance in the context of EU. Furthermore, it contributes to the small state studies, as the mitigation of crisis from the perspective of small state is analysed.The aim of the research was to determine whether the multi-level governance during the large-scale crisis was successful and what factors affected the level of success.The analysis utilizes of the case study method, where the crisis responses during the peak of Western Balkan migration route and Slovenia as a small state on Schengen border serve as examples of examination and evaluation.Results show unsuccessfulness of multi-level governance during the crisis, with mostly top-down direction of decision-making, and particularly the subnational level being poorly involved into the process. In addition, also layering of policy creation and implementation can be observed.The results of the analysis also pointed out that the multi-level governance in the case of migration crisis on the Western Balkans Route can be positioned as the type 1 governance, if we follow the outline of Hooghe and Marks (2003).The results indicate that unsuccessful multi-level governance had negative impacts on managing the crisis, as well as on perceptions about EU and Schengen Zone.This study is novel in its content, as it represents the first examination and evaluation of multi-level governance during the EU migration crisis, where Western Balkan route and Slovenia as small state on the outer Schengen zone border serve as a case study for the evaluation.
Development of Tax Procedural Law and Sectoral Case Law in Selected Countries
Authors: Vozel Tjaša
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of the Slovenian Tax Procedure Act and amendments thereto until 2017, in order to broaden the field knowledge on tax procedures within the administrative system as a whole. The Tax Procedure Act provides the general framework of the procedural tax system in Slovenia. The first version of the Tax Procedure Act (ZDavP) was adopted in 1996 and followed by five amending acts until the adoption of the second version (ZDavP-1) in 2004. The third and currently applicable version of the Tax Procedure Act (ZDavP-2) has been subject to over ten amendments so far. Furthermore, the study aims to compare the development of tax procedure in Slovenia and Sweden. Based on the normative and comparative analyses, review of domestic and foreign literature, and case law analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of the development of tax procedure in Slovenia were identified. The amendments analysed contributed mainly to simplifying the tax procedure, reducing red tape, decreasing costs, improving the efficiency of the tax authorities, and providing greater legal certainty for the taxpayers. Most changes to the Tax Procedure Act involved the personal income tax. An empirical study of the case law of the Administrative, Supreme and Constitutional Courts in selected period further showed that errors were mainly detected in relation to substantial violation of procedural requirements rather than incorrect application of substantive law. The study contributes to administrative and legal science and the tax profession as such. The results can be useful when drafting new tax procedural legislation to improve its effectiveness.
Postopek sprejemanja predpisov
Authors: Pirnat Rajko
Published: May 2019

Postopek sprejemanja predpisov postaja v zadnjem času zelo aktualno vprašanje v slovenskem pravu. Avtor najprej obravnava razloge za to, nato pa kratko prikaže splošni postopek sprejemanja zveznih predpisov v ZDA, pri čemer je poudarek zlasti na t. i. postopku "notice and comment", imenovanem tudi neformalni postopek. Zadnji del članka je namenjen oblikovanju nekaterih temeljnih elementov morebitnega splošnegapostopka sprejemanja upravnih predpisov v slovenskem pravu. Ti elementi se morajo nanašati na naslednja vprašanja: kateri predpisi naj bodo podvrženi temu postopku, kaj mora vsebovati objava predloga predpisa, kako naj bo organizirano zbiranje pripomb in predlogov javnosti in kakšne so dolžnosti upravnega organa v zvezi s sprejemom in objavo predpisa.
Izobraževanje za javno upravo in vloga Fakultete za upravo
Authors: Setnikar-Cankar Stanka
Published: May 2019

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Vloga nosilcev izvršilne oblasti in parlamentov držav članic v Evropski uniji (EU)
Authors: Kocjančič Rudi
Published: May 2019

Pisec obravnava vlogo nosilcev izvršilne oblasti in parlamentov držav članic vEvropski uniji (EU). Pri tem ugotavlja, da imajo nosilci izvršilne oblasti teh držav sistemski primat v institucijah te organizacije in da je vloga Evropskega parlamenta v EU drugorazredna. Posebej analizira in problematizira omejeni vpliv nacionalnih parlamentov na opravljanje zakonodajne funkcije te organizacije.
Evropski upravni prostor – realnost ali mit
Authors: Kovač Polonca
Published: May 2019

Evropski upravni prostor je skupek standardov, ki so se konec devetdesetih let 20. stoletja zaradi potreb širitve Evropske unije razvili kot neformalni acquis communautaire na področju javne uprave. Predmet Evropskega upravnega prostora so reforme glede kakovosti v upravi, e-uprave, sistema javnih uslužbencev, javnih financ, lokalne uprave, paradržavnih organizacij idr. Slovenija je na teh področjih načela zanesljivosti, predvidljivosti, odprtosti, odgovornosti, učinkovitosti in uspešnosti upoštevala že z vidika izpolnitve političnega merila za polnopravno članstvo v EU. Če presojamo udejanjanje evropeizacije javnih uprav posameznih držav, pa ugotavljamo, da načela Evropskega upravnega prostora v veliki meri niso zaživela v praksi. Drugače velja za upravljanje kakovosti v upravi, kjer do konvergence ukrepov in učinkov prihaja predvsem z uporabo modela Skupnega ocenjevalnega okvira za organizacije v javnem sektorju (CAF).
Pravni problemi regulacije področja političnih strank pri nas in v EU
Authors: Strmecki Mik
Published: May 2019

V članku obravnavamo različna vprašanja, povezana s pravno regulacijo področja političnih strank. Predhodni pravni problem, ki ga mora v zvezi s tem rešiti pravna regulativa, je prvenstveno ustrezno zakonsko definiranje pojma politične stranke zaradi lažjega razmejevanja od pojmovno podobnih subjektov, zlasti društev ipd. Norme s področja političnih strank podrobneje opisujejo pogoje za registracijo politične stranke, statutarni kogentni zakonski okvir, programske omejitve iz naslova varstva temeljev ustavnega reda svobodne demokratične ustavne ureditve, taksativni seznam zakonitih virov financiranja in pravila za primer prenehanja oziroma samorazpustitve politične stranke. Te norme obsegajo tudi strankarski jurisdikcijski privilegij, da je izključno ustavno sodišče pooblaščeno za razsojo vprašanja eventualne protiustavnosti delovanja političnih strank kot podlage za njihovo prepoved. V nadaljevanju obravnavamo mejnike v razvoju pravnega položaja političnih strank v posameznih državah EU in vprašanje konstitucionalizacije materije političnih strank v ustavno besedilo. Sklepno tudi na kratko tematiziramo pravno naravo nalog političnih strank kot determinacijskega elementa za konceptualizacijo izhodišč pravne ureditve njihovega financiranja, financiranja volilnih kandidatov in volilnih kampanj.
Nove možnosti organiziranja javne uprave in učinkovitost upravnih sistemov
Authors: Trpin Gorazd
Published: May 2019

V prispevku obravnavamo učinkovitost upravnih sistemov v luči nove zakonodaje in organizacijski vidik reforme javne uprave. V zvezi z učinkovitostjo upravnih sistemov ugotavljamo, da je prvi del normativnega vidika reforme javne uprave, ki zajema ureditev razmerij med upravo in državljani pri odlo~anju o njihovih pravicah in  obveznostih, zaključen.  Kljub temu opozarjamo na posamezne pomanjkljivosti v tej ureditvi, ki bi jih bilo treba odpraviti. Prikazujemo in komentiramo tudi dobre rešitve, ki jih je nova ureditev prinesla v upravnem postopku, upravnem sporu in na področju neformalnih oblik varstva pravic posameznikov. V drugem delu obravnavamo nove možnosti organizacije javne uprave, ki jo prinašajo novi zakoni, kot so zakon o državni upravi, zakon o javnih agencijah in zakon o javnih skladih. Pri tem ugotavljamo, da nova zakonodaja prinaša dobre rešitve na področju odločanja o organizaciji državne uprave in njeni teritorialni ureditvi. Končno obravnavamo še organiziranost javnih služb in ugotavljamo, da bi bilo treba njihovo normativno ureditev posodobiti, saj jo še vedno ureja zakonodaja, ki je imela predvsem namen zagotoviti prehod iz pravne ureditve stare države v novi ustavni in pravni sistem.
Javna uprava kot učeča se organizacija
Authors: Dimovski Vlado , Penger Sandra , Žnidaršič Jana
Published: May 2019

Klasični menedžerski modeli, za katere je značilna jasnost vlog, formalizacija, specializacija in kontrola v domeni javne uprave, niso dorasli izzivom sodobnega okolja v ekonomiji znanja. Učeča se organizacija zahteva spremembe na področjih vodenja, strukture, pri dajanju večjih pooblastil zaposlenim, boljše komunikacije, sodelovalne strategije in prilagodljive kulture. Ključna procesa v sooblikovanju učeče se organizacije sta: (1) interakcija osebnega znanja in izkušenj zaposlenih in menedžerjev v strukturno organizacijsko znanje ter (2) preoblikovanje tihega, skritega v eksplicitno znanje. Z vstopom Slovenije v EU bo udejanjenje modela učeče se organizacije v neprofitni sektor (javno upravo) še pomembnejše.Udejanjenje učeče se organizacije – kot modela, za katerega je značilna najrazvitejša faza horizontalne koordinacije, brez vsakršnih sledi organizacijske hierarhije, kot filozofije, kako naj organizacije postanejo čim prijaznejše človeku in kot najrazvitejšega menedžerskega pogleda sodobne družbe 21. stoletja – v javni upravi je pomemben korak v približevanju evropskim smernicam sodobnega menedžmenta znanja.
Reporting Systems in Public Administration: The New Approach for Austrian Universities
Authors: Schaffhauser-Linzatti Michaela
Published: May 2019

Together with the reorganisation of public administration, reporting on public performances is steadily becoming more transparency and process efficiency orientated. Various levels of reporting are being acquired, depending on the stakeholders concerned, comprising internal, inter-bureaucratic, and external information systems. Taking Austrian universities as an example, this article shows the advantages and pitfalls present when such reporting systems are “borrowed” from private applications without adapting them to public necessities. It focuses on the Austrian university intellectual capital statement as one of the most important reports using intangible values in the light of theoretical criteria and practical experience.
Sprememba odnosov v zdravstvenem varstvu kot predpogoj za uspeh zdravstvene reforme
Authors: Seljak Janko , Kvas Andreja
Published: May 2019

Uspeh vsake reforme je odvisen od ljudi, ki naj bi jo izvajali. Zdravstveno reformo Ministrstva RS za zdravje naj bi izvajalo preko 38.000 zaposlenih v sistemu zdravstvenega varstva, ki jim zdravstvena reforma posveča razmeroma malo prostora. Prednostno obravnava le zdravnike, ki so tudi glavni avtorji reforme in ki predstavljajo samo 15 % vseh zaposlenih. V članku so predstavljeni razvoj dominantne vloge profesije zdravnikov med zaposlenimi v zdravstvenem varstvu in oblike, v katerih se pojavlja v sodobnih družbah. Dominantna vloga in moč zdravnikov oz. zdravniških organizacij onemogočata vzpostavitev biopsihosocialnega modela zdravja, v katerem naj bi prešel del odgovornosti in pravic pri postopkih zdravljenja tudi na druge poklicne skupine v zdravstvenem varstvu. Z boljšim izkoriščanjem razpoložljivih človeških potencialov bi se povečala uspešnost in učinkovitost celotnega sistema, pacienti bi bili v večji meri deležni celostne obravnave. V okviru zdravstvene reforme je s predlaganim ustanavljanjem več poklicnih zdravstvenih timov narejen prvi korak k vzpostavitvi biopsihosocialnega modela zdravja; vendar le na deklarativni ravni in – pri sedanjih odnosih – brez možnosti za uspeh. Treba bi bilo usmeriti več sredstev in dejavnosti na področja povečevanja samozavesti in možnosti izobraževanja nezdravniških poklicnih skupin, ki bi v takšnih timih nastopale, ter tudi dopolnilnega izobraževanja zdravnikov na področju organizacije in menedžmenta.
Pomen obvladovanja stroškov v javnem sektorju
Authors: Tekavčič Metka , Peljhan Darja
Published: May 2019

Vprašanja obvladovanja stroškov in nadziranja poslovanja so vse aktualnejša tudi v slovenskih organizacijah javnega sektorja. Organizacije, ki so najbolj napredovale na tem področju, uvajajo v svoje poslovanje menedžerska orodja, ki prispevajo k obvladovanju stroškov in ki so se najprej uveljavila v proizvodnem sektorju. Prispevek se ukvarja z vprašanji obvladovanja stroškov v javnem sektorju. Namen prispevka je predstaviti obvladovanje stroškov in njegov pomen za uspešno delovanje vseh podjetij in drugih organizacij, s posebnim poudarkom na organizacijah javnega sektorja, v katerih se vse bolj uveljavljajo načela in pristopi, ki so sicer značilni za podjetja v zasebnem sektorju. Poleg tega v prispevku predstavljamo uporabo sodobnih menedžerskih orodij, ki prispevajo k obvladovanju stroškov v slovenskih podjetjih, ter na podlagi rezultatov empirične raziskave analiziramo vpliv njihove uporabe na uspešnost podjetij.
Občevanje organov in strank v sodobnem upravnem postopku
Authors: Kovač Polona
Published: May 2019

Občevanje med organi in strankami postaja v sodobnem upravnem postopku vse pomembnejše, ker operacionalizira temeljni načeli varstva pravic strank in zaslišanja stranke. Razvija se elektronsko poslovanje, ki poudarja večje možnosti za stranke in upravne organe zlasti v smislu večje dostopnosti in ekonomičnosti. Prispevek podrobno obravnava institute jezika, vlog, vabil, zapisnikov, pravice do pregleda dokumentov(spisa) in vročanja. Pri tem so izpostavljena temeljna pravila, upravna in sodna praksa ter še sveže novosti obsežnejše novele slovenskega Zakona o splošnem upravnem postopku (Uradni list RS, št. 73/04) z začetkom uporabe 1. 1. 2005. Tematika je predstavljena zaokroženo tudi z vidika uporabe pravil o občevanju v drugih javnopravnih zadevah in možnostih uveljavljanja pravnih sredstev, če se določbe o občevanju med organi in strankami kršijo.
Uvajanje e-poslovanja na sodišče kot storitev e-uprave
Authors: Lesjak Benjamin
Published: May 2019

V prispevku avtor pojasni pojav e-poslovanja na sodišču in možnosti informatizacije sodnega postopka. Ob tem opozori na slovensko zakonodajo v zvezi z e-poslovanjem v civilnem postopku na sodišču in na spremenjeno zakonodajo v upravnem postopku, ki uvaja bistvene novosti za e-poslovanje. Kratko opiše dejavnosti v okviru Akcijskega načrta e-uprave do leta 2004, kjer je bilo pravosodje zajeto kot eno izmed področij, in omeni e-storitve na področju informacijskih sistemov za spremljanje sodnih postopkov ter druge pravne storitve. Predstavi nekatere oblike uporabe informacijske tehnologije na sodišču ter raziskavo o možnostih uvedbe e-poslovanja na sodišča, ki jo je izvedel med slovenskimi pravniki konec leta 2003. Predstavljena je prototipna rešitev, ki omogoča strankam v sodnem procesu, da elektronsko vlagajo dokumente na sodišče. Z nekaterimi sodelujočimi slovenskimi pravniki opravi preizkus prototipne rešitve, tako da izvedejo simulacijo sodnega postopka na podlagi namišljenega primera v elektronski obliki.
Izkušnje in perspektiva prvega pilotnega projekta priznanja RS za poslovno odličnost (PRSPO) v javni upravi 2004
Authors: Kern Pipan Karmen , Leon Loredana
Published: May 2019

S samoocenjevanjem pridobijo organizacije močno orodje za dodatno okrepitev procesa stalnega učenja, izboljševanja ter inovativnega mišljenja. Najboljše evropske organizacije se primerjajo pri podeljevanju evropske nagrade za kakovost EQA od leta 1992 na osnovi meril modela odličnosti EFQM. V Sloveniji Urad RS za meroslovje že osmo leto zelo uspešno spodbuja razvoj odličnosti v slovenskih organizacijah, poleg ocenjevanj organizacij v okviru nacionalne nagrade za kakovost –  Priznanja RS za poslovno odličnost (PRSPO), tudi s pilotnimi projekti. Pilotni projekti PRSPO sistematično spodbujajo organizacijsko učenje, prenos najboljših praks in inoviranje ter dvig konkurenčnosti v tistih sektorjih države, ki so na teh mestih podhranjeni oz. je uporaba nezadostna v primerjavi z evropskim okoljem. V letih 2003 do 2005 sta Urad RS za meroslovje in Direktorat za javno upravo (zdaj Ministrstvo za javno upravo) uspešno izvedla skupni projekt uvajanja odličnosti v upravne organizacije z uvajanjem ISO standardov, s samoocenjevanjem po CAF-u ter z zunanjo oceno v pilotnem projektu PRSPO za javno upravo 2004.
Izboljševanje poslovanja s pomočjo modela poslovne odličnosti
Authors: Nemec Tomislav
Published: May 2019

V prizadevanjih za kakovost in odličnost uporablja javna uprava podobne modele kot gospodarstvo. V letu 2004 je bil prvič uporabljen tudi model poslovne odličnosti (PRSPO). Vsak model koristi organizaciji le toliko, kolikor ji uspe z njegovo pomočjo dejansko izboljšati poslovanje. Za sprejemanje učinkovitih ukrepov za izboljšave pa so potrebne nove ideje in inovacijsko okolje, kar je izziv za javno upravo. V osrednjem delu članka so predstavljeni rezultati in nekatera vprašanja v zvezi z pilotnim projektom PRSPO, v nadaljevanju pa nekatere prednosti in priložnosti za izboljšanje poslovanja, ki so jih ugotovili zunanji ocenjevalci, oziroma primeri dobre prakse trenutno najboljših. Predstavljeni so tudi ukrepi, ki jih je ena izmed upravnih enot predvidela kot posledico uporabe modela poslovne odličnosti. Prispevek se zaključuje s predstavitvijo treh organizacijsko upravljavskih izzivov za menedžment v javni upravi.
CRM v javnem sektorju: Kaj se lahko naučimo iz izkušenj zasebnega sektorja?
Authors: Tomaževič Nina
Published: May 2019

Rezultati uspešne uvedbe sodobnih konceptov menedžementa v poslovnih okoljih ter potreba po posodobitvi delovanja javnega sektorja so v razvitih državah pospešili uporabo novih pristopov k izboljševanju učinkovitosti javnega sektorja. Eden izmed njih je koncept ravnanja odnosov s strankami (CRM–Customer Relationship Management). Prispevek obravnava področje in izkušnje z ravnanjem odnosov s strankami v zasebnem sektorju ter prikazuje možnosti uporabe tega koncepta v javnem sektorju.
Investiranje občin v stanovanjsko dejavnost
Authors: Fabčič Marija , Srovin Darko , Koprivšek Nataša
Published: May 2019

Članek analizira spreminjanje investicijskih odhodkov in investicijskih transferov s posebnim poudarkom na investiranju v stanovanjsko dejavnost mestnih občin v Sloveniji in ugotavljanju vpliva politične pripadnosti županov. Slovenija je v zadnjih desetih letih ostala brez definirane stanovanjske politike. Negativni trend investiranja v vseh sektorjih v Sloveniji se seli tudi v stanovanjsko gospodarstvo, občine in zlasti mestne občine zagotavljajo vse manjše število kvadratnih metrov stanovanjske površine na prebivalca. Ob enaki dinamiki investiranja bo v mestnih občinah prišlo do zloma javnega stanovanjskega programa v približno 20 letih. Analiza je pokazala različno stanovanjsko naravnanost občin glede na strankarsko pripadnost županov. Investiranje v stanovanjsko dejavnost pa je povezano z volilnim ciklusom, v letu lokalnih volitev (2002) je investiranje v vseh slovenskih občinah močno naraslo. Investicijski cikli za večje investicije so predolgi glede na volilne cikle, zato ne spodbujajo niti administracij niti funkcionarjev v občinah za prilagajanje investicijskih ciklov mandatom funkcionarjev, kar zmanjšuje obseg investicij v občinah in s tem učinkovitost občinskih uprav in funkcionarjev.
Trendi evropske in slovenske kakovosti
Authors: Žurga Gordana
Published: May 2019

Bolj kot kdajkoli prej se zlasti zadnje leto pospešeno ugotavljajo vzročno–posledični odnosi med kakovostjo javne uprave in uspešnostjo ter konkurenčnostjo nacionalnega gospodarstva. Glavnina tega nedvomno izvira iz prizadevanj za uresničitev ciljev Lizbonske strategije, pomembni drugi dejavniki pa izhajajo iz spremenjenih globalnih okvirov delovanja in novih izzivov, s katerimi se soočajo vse države. Trendi kakovosti – slovenske in evropske – se zato nanašajo tako na iskanje novih in inovativnih pristopov, politik in orodij menedžmenta kakovosti kot tudi na zagotavljanje homogene kakovosti in učinkovitosti javnih storitev.
Does tax competition make tax reform essential?
Authors: Klun Maja
Published: May 2019

Tax competition is generally defined as competition between national economies to increase their competitiveness and attract foreign investment by means of tax policy. Tax policy measures that tax mobile or foreign capital at significantly lower rates are known as harmful tax competition. Some recent corrections to the tax code and proposed tax amendments in Slovenia represent an attempt to relieve the burden on the taxpayer. This paper compares the taxation of high income taxpayers, low income taxpayers, taxpayers with passive income, and the taxation of businesses in Slovenia and neighbouring countries. The comparison indicates that Slovenian taxpayers with a high income have a higher tax burden than in neighbouring countries, while low income taxpayers have one of the highest burdens. The same applies to passive income. The tax burden on businesses ranks in the middle.
The never-ending story of public administration reform in Slovenia (from 1991 to further development)
Authors: Kovač Polona
Published: May 2019

In Slovenia, the public administration reform has been a systematic task since 1996 when the government adopted the strategy of transformation of public administration due to Slovenia becoming a full member of EU. Such a strategy could be developed and implemented regarding the fact that Slovenia has had a functioning system of public administration since 1991 when it became an independent state. In the last few years after year 2000 the reform has been built up as constant development of public administration based on several pillars such as civil service system, reorganisation of administrative structures, e-government etc. The public administration reform in Slovenia is therefore aimed at upgrading the existing system in terms of greater professionalism, transparency, efficiency and user-friendly delivery of public services, all together incorporated in the principles of new public management and good governance. The modernisation of Slovene public administration is a process which has been so far based on a rather legalistic approach (a set of basic laws were passed mainly in 2002) and is to be continued especially focusing on process orientation. In July 2003 within special midterm strategy on further development of public sector and later in 2005 within national Strategy on Development of Slovenia till 2013 the coordinated approach has been stressed as well aiming to present administration as an impetus and not an obstacle in developing competitive advantages of national economy. The recommendations that Slovenia can deliver in conducting public administration reform to ensure optimal results are today the following: orientation towards users, effectiveness and efficiency, openness, adequate rewarding of civil servants, optimisation and informatisation of working processes, involvement in international networks, awareness of public administration doings’ impacts in national economy, consistent political support, long-term strategic planning.
Ekonomski vidiki pritožb državljanov na ravnanje uradništva: primer uporabe policijskih prisilnih sredstev
Authors: Pevcin Primož
Published: May 2019

Reševanje problematike pritožb državljanov na ravnanje uradništva ponavadi temelji na vplivanju na t.i. ponudbene dejavnike pritožb, kot so na primer večji nadzor nad ravnanjem uradništva, dodatno usposabljanje uslužbencev ipd. V praksi ima navedeni pristop pomanjkljivost v demotivacijskih učinkih na aktivnosti uslužbencev, hkrati pa tudi povečuje stroške delovanja uradništva. Tako se je smiselneje in racionalneje reševanja navedene problematike lotiti z vplivanjem na t.i. povpraševalne dejavnike pritožb, s čimer se dejansko skuša vplivati na zmanjšanje možnosti pojavljanja potencialnih primerov ravnanja, ki vodi v pritožbe.
Uvajanje schengenskih sporazumov in standardov v Republiki Sloveniji
Authors: Mihovec Janez
Published: May 2019

Slovenija je tik pred koncem svoje poti med polnopravne članice schengenskega območja. Po skoraj desetletju priprav in prilagajanj kaže, da bo Slovenija z novim letom 2008 po številnih zamikih stopila v elitni klub evropskih držav brez notranjih meja in s skupno zunanjo mejo teh držav. Pri samem projektu uveljavljanja schengenskih standardov v slovenski pravni red in pri fizičnih pripravah je sodelovalo pet ministrstev in sicer za notranje zadeve, javno upravo, zunanje zadeve, pravosodje in promet. Veliko dela je bilo že opravljenega, do samega vstopa pa je treba opraviti še nekaj nalog in sicer na področju urejanja letališč, pristanišč in kadrovskih zadev.
Privatizacija na področju varnosti cestnega prometa – primer prometnih dovoljenj
Authors: Pevcin Primož , Rakar Iztok
Published: May 2019

Eden od osnovnih pogojev za varnost cestnega prometa je tehnična brezhibnost vozil. Glede na to, da nadzor izpolnjevanja tega pogoja zahteva specifična strokovna znanja in tehnično opremo, hkrati pa se država srečuje s fiskalnimi omejitvami, je razumljivo, da je država za izvajanje te naloge pooblastila ustrezno usposobljene subjekte zasebnega sektorja, pri čemer je nanje prenesla tudi klasične oblastne naloge dovoljevanja udeležbe vozil v prometu (pri čemer je hkrati tudi sama ohranila izvajanje teh oblastnih nalog). Podatki o številu opravljenih storitev izdajanja in podaljšanja veljavnosti prometnega dovoljenja za motorna vozila v Sloveniji so pokazali, da velika večina uporabnikov to storitev zaradi enostavnosti in nižjih oportunitetnih stroškov opravi pri pooblaščenih subjektih zasebnega sektorja, kar govori v prid popolni privatizaciji pri klasičnem upravnem izvajanju te oblastne naloge.